cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hystrix macroura Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix macroura

description: Hystrix macroura [spec. nov.]
H. pedibus pentadactylis, cauda elongata: aculeis clavatis. Syst. nat. 9. n. 3.
Porcus aculeatus s. Hystrix orientalis. Seb. mus. 1. p. 84. t. 52. f. 1.
Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 57, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Hystrix brachyura Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix brachyura

description: Hystrix brachyura [spec. nov.]
H. pedibus pentadactylis, cauda abbreviata. Syst. nat. 9. n. 4.
Porcus aculeatus s. Hystrix malaccensis. Seb. mus. 1. p. 81. t. 51. f. 1.
Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 57, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 6: of The gut of the finch: uniqueness of the gut microbiome of the Galápagos vampire finch
Creators: name: Michel, Alice
name: Ward, Lewis
name: Goffredi, Shana
name: Dawson, Katherine
name: Baldassarre, Daniel
name: Brenner, Alec
name: Gotanda, Kiyoko
name: McCormack, John
name: Mullin, Sean
name: O’Neill, Ariel
name: Tender, Gabrielle
name: J. Uy
name: Yu, Kristie
name: Orphan, Victoria
name: Chaves, Jaime
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Figure S2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of Galápagos finch gut microbial communities according to (A) species, during the dry season only (B) island, for the vampire finch only (C) diet, for all medium ground finches, formerly classified as G. difficilis, and (D) season, for only G. fortis and G. fuliginosa. Island was not significant, even when grouping Santa Cruz with close neighbors to boost sampling power (ANOSIM p = 0.2), thus in controlling for species and island, season is still significant. Taxonomic (OTU) clustering is at 97% identity and abundance weighted by taking the fourth-root of the OTU relative abundance in each finch. Ellipses represent 90% confidence windows following a multivariate t-distribution. (PDF 909 kb)
Signatures of few-body resonances in finite volume
Creators: name: Klos, P.
name: König, S.
name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Lynn, J. E.
name: Schwenk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study systems of bosons and fermions in finite periodic boxes and show how the existence and properties of few-body resonances can be extracted from studying the volume dependence of the calculated energy spectra. Using a plane-wave-based discrete variable representation to conveniently implement periodic boundary conditions, we establish that avoided level crossings occur in the spectra of up to four particles and can be linked to the existence of multi-body resonances. To benchmark our method we use two-body calculations, where resonance properties can be determined with other methods, as well as a three-boson model interaction known to generate a three-boson resonance state. Finding good agreement for these cases, we then predict three-body and four-body resonances for models using a shifted Gaussian potential. Our results establish few-body finite-volume calculations as a new tool to study few-body resonances. In particular, the approach can be used to study few-neutron systems, where such states have been conjectured to exist.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, published version
Lepus Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus

description: Lepus [gen. nov.]
Dentes Primores II: superiores duplicati: interioribus minoribus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 57, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Three-Dimensional Evolution of the Parker Instability under a Uniform Gravity
Creators: name: Kim, Jongsoo
name: Hong, S. S.
name: Ryu, Dongsu
name: Jones, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an isothermal MHD code, we have performed three-dimensional, high-resolution simulations of the Parker instability. The initial equilibrium system is composed of exponentially-decreasing isothermal gas and magnetic field (along the azimuthal direction) under a uniform gravity. The evolution of the instability can be divided into three phases: linear, nonlinear, and relaxed. During the linear phase, the perturbations grow exponentially with a preferred scale along the azimuthal direction but with smallest possible scale along the radial direction, as predicted from linear analyses. During the nonlinear phase, the growth of the instability is saturated and flow motion becomes chaotic. Magnetic reconnection occurs, which allows gas to cross field lines. This, in turn, results in the redistribution of gas and magnetic field. The system approaches a new equilibrium in the relaxed phase, which is different from the one seen in two-dimensional works. The structures formed during the evolution are sheet-like or filamentary, whose shortest dimension is radial. Their maximum density enhancement factor relative to the initial value is less than 2. Since the radial dimension is too small and the density enhancement is too low, it is difficult to regard the Parker instability alone as a viable mechanism for the formation of giant molecular clouds.
description: 8 pages of text, 4 figures (figure 2 in degraded gif format), to appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, original quality figures available via anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.msi.umn.edu/pub/users/twj/parker3d.uu or ftp://canopus.chungnam.ac.kr/ryu/parker3d.uu
Lepus timidus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus
Lepus timidus

description: Lepus timidus [spec. nov.]
L. cauda abbreviata, auribus apice nigris. Syst. nat. 9. n. 2. Faun. svec. 19.
Lepus. Gesn. quadr. 69. Aldr. dig. 247. Jonst. quadr. t. 65. Raj. quadr. 204.
Habitat in Europa.
Hyeme in frigidis niveus, exceptis auribus nigris. Cauda etiam aestate alba. Aures longae. Oculi exstantes membrana nictitante, somno aperti. Femora postica crassa Pedibus lanatis 5-4, & dorsum constituunt praestantissimam partem. Nares humidi, motitantes. Inermis cursu valet, timidus, currit gyros sensim breviores, retro deviat exsiliendo; a Canibus, Felibus, Accipitribus, Noctuis venatur; cavitas utrinque e regione pubis; mordet truncum transcendendum; delectatur tympano; cervice fragili; immensus parturitione; urina foetida non in cubile; pulicibus obnoxius.
Lepus cornutus, si non hybridus, certe fabulosus sit.
Anatome. E. N. C. d. 1. a. 2. obs. 251. & a. 3. obs. 93. & d. 3. a. 5. obs. 225. Barth. act. 1671. n. 136.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Cosmological Brightness Distribution Fits of Gamma Ray Burst Sources
Creators: name: Horvath, I.
name: Meszaros, P.
name: Meszaros, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss detailed fits of the BATSE and PVO gamma-ray burst peak-flux distributions with Friedman models taking into account possible density evolution and standard candle or power law luminosity functions. A chi-square analysis is used to estimate the goodness of the fits and we derive the significance level of limits on the density evolution and luminosity function parameters. Cosmological models provide a good fit over a range of parameter space which is physically reasonable.
description: Ap.J. in press, uuencoded .ps file, 9 pages manuscript plus 5 figures
Loss of Hall Conductivity Quantization in a Non-Hermitian Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator
Creators: name: Philip, Timothy M.
name: Hirsbrunner, Mark R.
name: Gilbert, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has extended topological band theory to open, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, yet little is understood about how non-Hermiticity alters the topological quantization of associated observables. We address this problem by studying the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) generated in the Dirac surface states of a 3D time-reversal-invariant topological insulator (TI) that is proximity-coupled to a metallic ferromagnet. By constructing a contact self-energy for the ferromagnet, we show that in addition to generating a mass gap in the surface spectrum, the ferromagnet can introduce a non-Hermitian broadening term, which can obscure the mass gap in the spectral function. We calculate the Hall conductivity for the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing the heterostructure and show that it is no longer quantized despite being classified as a Chern insulator based on non-Hermitian topological band theory. Our results indicate that the QAHE will be challenging to experimentally observe in ferromagnet-TI heterostructures due to the finite lifetime of quasi-particles at the interface.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Supplement with 7 pages and 2 figures
Additional file 6: of Three randomized controlled trials evaluating the impact of “spin” in health news stories reporting studies of pharmacologic treatments on patients’/caregivers’ interpretation of treatment benefit
Creators: name: Boutron, Isabelle
name: Haneef, Romana
name: Yavchitz, Amélie
name: Baron, Gabriel
name: Novack, John
name: Oransky, Ivan
name: Schwitzer, Gary
name: Ravaud, Philippe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Description of spin and modifications performed in the rewritten news stories without spin by study type. (DOCX 21 kb)
Quantifying Local Randomness in Human DNA and RNA Sequences Using Erdos Motifs
Creators: name: Li, Wentian
name: Thanos, Dimitrios
name: Provata, Astero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In 1932, Paul Erdos asked whether a random walk constructed from a binary sequence can achieve the lowest possible deviation (lowest discrepancy), for the sequence itself and for all its subsequences formed by homogeneous arithmetic progressions. Although avoiding low discrepancy is impossible for infinite sequences, as recently proven by Terence Tao, attempts were made to construct such sequences with finite lengths. We recognize that such constructed sequences (we call these "Erdos sequences") exhibit certain hallmarks of randomness at the local level: they show roughly equal frequencies of subsequences, and at the same time exclude the trivial periodic patterns. For the human DNA we examine the frequency of a set of Erdos motifs of length-10 using three nucleotides-to-binary mappings. The particular length-10 Erdos sequence is derived by the length-11 Mathias sequence and is identical with the first 10 digits of the Thue-Morse sequence, underscoring the fact that both are deficient in periodicities. Our calculations indicate that: (1) the purine (A and G)/pyridimine (C and T) based Erdos motifs are greatly underrepresented in the human genome, (2) the strong(G and C)/weak(A and T) based Erdos motifs are slightly overrepresented, (3) the densities of the two are negatively correlated, (4) the Erdos motifs based on all three mappings being combined are slightly underrepresented, and (5) the strong/weak based Erdos motifs are greatly overrepresented in the human messenger RNA sequences.
description: 4 figures
Understanding the impact of bioprocess conditions on monoclonal antibody glycosylation in mammalian cell cultures through experimental and computational analyses
Creators: name: Sou, Si Nga
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: With positive outcomes from medical treatments, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are to date the best-selling biologics in the pharmaceutical market. The fact that a lot of blockbuster drugs are facing the period of patent cliffs and patents of many of them are due to expire in the next 5 years, places an urgency for better, cheaper and more efficient bioproduction processes, as well as the development of novel drugs and biosimilars. To address to this issue, application of the Quality by Design paradigm that was introduced by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is of paramount importance. Medical values and safety of monoclonal antibodies have been reported to rely on the carbohydrate structures that are attached to the mAb N-linked glycosylation site on each constant region. Fc-N-linked glycosylation is considered as a critical quality attribute (CQA) of these therapeutic proteins under the scope of Quality by Design. It was also reported that different bioprocess conditions during recombinant mAb production directly impact glycan compositions and their distribution on the molecules, although the mechanism behind this change is not fully understood. This lack of understanding limits process design and optimisation. To address this issue we examined the effect of mild hypothermia (32oC) and the different recombinant expression systems on mAb N-linked glycosylation, using experiments, flux balance analysis (FBA) and mechanistic modelling to identify resulting differences in cell metabolism. A defined mathematical model that mechanistically and quantitatively describes CHO cell behaviour and metabolism, mAb synthesis and its N-linked glycosylation profiles before and after the induction of mild hypothermia in SGE and TGE expression systems was also constructed, which we believe is the first quantitative model that relates mild hypothermia and TGE system to the four elements mentioned above. Not only does the model aid understanding of the way bioprocess conditions affect product quality, it also provides a platform for bioprocess design, control and optimisation in industry and helps the implementation of the Quality by Design principles. Results obtained from our computational studies suggested glycosyltransferases to be the key players for changes observed among different bioprocess conditions, based on results obtained from this thesis we then manipulated the expression of galactosyltransferase in particular, through a proof-of-concept experiment using miRNAs.
Additional file 2: of The adaptation strategies of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Ser.) Baill at altitude gradient of the Tibetan plateau by physiological and metabolomic methods
Creators: name: Zhao, Yong
name: Xu, Fuling
name: Liu, Jia
name: Guan, Fachun
name: Quan, Hong
name: Meng, Fanjuan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. Effects of altitude gradient on net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration (Tr) and the maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) in leaves of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Ser.) Baill. (DOCX 1630 kb)
Dissipation Instability in the Accretion Disk
Creators: name: Khoperskov, A. V.
name: Khrapov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model of a geometrically thin gaseous disk in the external gravitational potential is considered. The dinamics of small nonaxisymmetric perturbations in the plane of the accretion disk with dissipative effects is investigated. It is showed, that conditions of development and parameters of unstable oscillation modes in the opticaly thick accretion disk are strongly depended on the models of viscosity and opacity.
description: Plain TeX, 6 pages, 2 figures (GIF), Submitted to Astron. Astrophys. Transactions
Deep Learning with Cinematic Rendering: Fine-Tuning Deep Neural Networks Using Photorealistic Medical Images
Creators: name: Mahmood, Faisal
name: Chen, Richard
name: Sudarsky, Sandra
name: Yu, Daphne
name: Durr, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning has emerged as a powerful artificial intelligence tool to interpret medical images for a growing variety of applications. However, the paucity of medical imaging data with high-quality annotations that is necessary for training such methods ultimately limits their performance. Medical data is challenging to acquire due to privacy issues, shortage of experts available for annotation, limited representation of rare conditions and cost. This problem has previously been addressed by using synthetically generated data. However, networks trained on synthetic data often fail to generalize to real data. Cinematic rendering simulates the propagation and interaction of light passing through tissue models reconstructed from CT data, enabling the generation of photorealistic images. In this paper, we present one of the first applications of cinematic rendering in deep learning, in which we propose to fine-tune synthetic data-driven networks using cinematically rendered CT data for the task of monocular depth estimation in endoscopy. Our experiments demonstrate that: (a) Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained on synthetic data and fine-tuned on photorealistic cinematically rendered data adapt better to real medical images and demonstrate more robust performance when compared to networks with no fine-tuning, (b) these fine-tuned networks require less training data to converge to an optimal solution, and (c) fine-tuning with data from a variety of photorealistic rendering conditions of the same scene prevents the network from learning patient-specific information and aids in generalizability of the model. Our empirical evaluation demonstrates that networks fine-tuned with cinematically rendered data predict depth with 56.87% less error for rendered endoscopy images and 27.49% less error for real porcine colon endoscopy images.
description: 14 Pages, 4 Figures, 3 Tables, Physics in Medicine and Biology (2018)
Systemic and colonic changes in dendritic cell characteristics in development and progression of colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Gui Han
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells, which recognize, acquire and present tumour antigens to adaptive immune cells for effective anti-tumour immune response. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality in UK. The potential role of DC-based immunotherapy in adjunct to conventional CRC treatment has not yet been fully explored. Research to-date suggests that the theory of tumour immunoediting is applicable to CRC, but there is limited evidence on the role of DCs in this process. The overall aim of the work in this thesis was to identify differences in systemic and colonic DC characteristics between healthy controls, “pre-cancer” groups (FAP and UC with higher risk of CRC) and CRC patients. Furthermore, “host” and “disease” factors influencing systemic and colonic DCs were investigated. Results demonstrated that systemic DCs in CRC were more activated and lymph node migratory. The proportion of “homeless” DCs and circulating Th-1 cytokines were significantly higher in CRC. There was evidence of colonic DC compartmentalization depending on the location of CRC. Tumoral DCs were more activated and lymph node migratory but remained phenotypically immature. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that tumour cells mediate the up- regulation of CCR7 in tumour-infiltrating cells, whereas tumour-associated adipocytes mediated the up-regulation of scavenger receptor (CD36) in tumour-infiltrating cells. In vitro colonic DC conditioning with leptin led to up-regulation of scavenger receptors, but not in systemic DCs, highlighting the potential importance of mesenteric adipocyte-derived factors in tumour-mediated DC modulation. This study highlighted that changes in systemic and colonic DC characteristics occur after development of CRC. Both tumour-derived and patient factors play an essential role in modulating DC characteristics. Tumour-associated adipocytes and adipokines have a role in colonic DC modulation in CRC. Further studies are required to explore the potential pathways of DC immunomodulation in CRC which has been identified in this study.
Lepus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus
Lepus cuniculus

description: Lepus cuniculus [spec. nov.]
L. cauda abbreviata, auriculis nudatis. Syst. nat. 9. n. 3. Faun. suec. 20.
Cuniculus. Gesn. quadr. 72. Aldr. digit. 382. Jonst. quadr. t. 65. Raj. quadr. 205.
Habitat in Europa australi, antra fodiens in arenosis.
Hostes ipsi Falcones, Meles, Putorius.
Species facilius dignoscitur, quam differentia specifica determinatur.
Anatome. Parv. obs. 10.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 58, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
MOESM1 of A dynamic model of lignin biosynthesis in Brachypodium distachyon
Creators: name: Mojdeh Faraji
name: Fonseca, Luis
name: Escamilla-TreviĂąo, Luis
name: Barros-Rios, Jaime
name: Engle, Nancy
name: Yang, Zamin
name: Tschaplinski, Timothy
name: Dixon, Richard
name: Voit, Eberhard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional materials.
Experimental tests of Bertrand's question and the Duhem-Quine problem
Creators: name: Liu, Zhenning
name: Adams, Charles S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we report on an experimental test of Bertrand's question on the probability to find a random chord drawn inside a unit-radius circle with length greater than $\sqrt{3}$. In an experiment performed by tossing straws onto a circle, we confirm theoretical predictions that the answer depends on the ratio of the circle diameter, $2R$, to the straw length, $L$, and that the special case corresponding to Laplace's principle of indifference is only obtained in the experimentally unattainable limit of infinite straw length, $\tilde{d}=2R/L\rightarrow 0$. In addition, we observe a systematic discrepancy in the limit, $\tilde{d}=2R/L\rightarrow 1$, where a large number of events are rejected. We conclude that the experimental test of Bertrand's paradox provides a good illustration of the Duhem-Quine problem---that hypothesis testing is always conditional on a bundle of real auxiliary assumptions.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Sensory, cytokine and metabolic profiling of human experimental burn injury pain models
Creators: name: Laycock, Helen Catherine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Burn injury-associated pain represents a considerable burden to patients and is inadequately managed in the clinical setting. It is thought to be a consequence of the “burn-injury inflammatory soup” produced in the wound that activates and sensitises peripheral nociceptors. However the composition of this fluid and its interaction with peripheral nociceptors in incompletely defined, limiting the application of a mechanistic-based approach to burn injury-associated pain management. Two human experimental burn injury pain models (thermal injury and UVB injury) represent a potential opportunity to further elucidate these complex peripheral processes. Nonetheless controversy exists regarding their respective somatosensory phenotypes and the associated peripheral inflammatory protein and metabolic profiles remain uncharacterised. This thesis aimed to elucidate a more comprehensive understanding of the somatosensory changes and components of the “burn-injury inflammatory soup” with respect to inflammatory proteins and the metabolome. Forty-five healthy subjects had an experimental pain model imparted on their forearm (thermal injury, capsaicin injury or UVB injury models). Somatosensory testing and dermal microdialysis were performed. A multiplex microbead assay array was used to analyse dermal microdialysates to compare temporal within and between injury model inflammatory protein concentrations. Untargeted ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for global profiling of dermal microdialysates with the aim of determining significant compounds that separated injury models. Although some similarities were apparent in the three injury models with respect to secondary somatosensory changes and concentrations of the inflammatory proteins IL6, IL8 and CCL2, overall the three experimental pain models displayed distinct somatosensory, inflammatory protein and metabolic profiles. The UVB injury model appears to represent a less acute inflammatory reaction than is seen in the thermal injury model. Together these results support the use of the thermal injury experimental pain model to further investigate peripheral processes involved in acute burn injury-associated pain.
Lepus capensis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus
Lepus capensis

description: Lepus capensis [spec. nov.]
L. cauda longitudine capitis, pedibus rubris.
Habitat ad Cap. b. Spei. Fodiens. J. Burmannus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 58, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Carex vallis-pulchrae Phil., Anales Univ.
Creators: name: Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
name: Alegría-Olivera, J. José
name: Beltrán, Hamilton W.
name: Cano, Asunción
name: Granda-Paucar, Arturo
name: Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S.
name: Riva-Regalado, Sebastián
name: Ruthsatz, Barbara
name: Escudero, Marcial
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Carex
Carex vallis-Pulchrae

description: Carex vallis-pulchrae Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 93: 487. 1896.
Lectotype (designated by Wheeler 1989): CHILE, Valle Hermoso, 1872, P. Ortega s.n., (SGO barcode 000000893, digital image!; isolectotype: SGO barcode 000000894 digital image!); syntypes: CHILE, Cordillera de Colchagua, 1888, R.A. Philippi s.n. (K barcode 000584710 digital image!; US barcode 02141441!).
Iconography: Barros (1969: 74).
Material studied. PERU. Arequipa: Chivay, Tutin a Ram Ram, 13 Jan 1999, B. Ruthsatz 10105 (Herbarium Trier University!; LPB!, UPOS!). Huancavelica: Huancavelica, Tucumachay, bofedal de Lachocc, 4300 m, 23 Oct 2018, J. Curasma s.n. (MOL). Lima: Huarochirí, San Lorenzo de Quinti, sector Huachipampa, 4633 m, 30 Mar 2018, M. S. Maldonado Fonkén s.n. (MOL).
Notes: Carex vallis-pulchrae is a species belonging to the taxonomically complex group known as section Aciculares. The species is disjunctly distributed in Southern Patagonia (including Tierra del Fuego), the High Andes of central Chile and Argentina, and the Central Andes of Bolivia and Peru (Wheeler 1989, Wheeler and Beck 2011). Wheeler (1989) established two varieties, i.e., var. vallis-pulchrae restricted to High Andean territories and var. barrosiana G.A.Wheeler for Patagonian populations, both distinguished by minor features of the utricles (more or less abruptly contracted into the beak vs. gradually attenuated). Remarkably, the Bolivian and Peruvian populations seem to be morphologically close to var. barrosiana (the utricle is tapered into the beak). Further studies are necessary to figure out if these Central Andean populations actually belong to var. barrosiana or if those constitute a new variety.
description: Published as part of Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro, Alegría-Olivera, J. José, Beltrán, Hamilton W., Cano, Asunción, Granda-Paucar, Arturo, Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S., Riva-Regalado, Sebastián, Ruthsatz, Barbara & Escudero, Marcial, 2020, Chorological and nomenclatural notes on Peruvian Carex (Cyperaceae), pp. 63-69 in Caldasia 42 (1) on page 67, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v42n1.76771, http://zenodo.org/record/15265307
MOESM1 of Kinetics of mRNA delivery and protein translation in dendritic cells using lipid-coated PLGA nanoparticles
Creators: name: Hanzey Yasar
name: Biehl, Alexander
name: Rossi, Chiara
name: Koch, Marcus
name: Murgia, Xabi
name: Loretz, Brigitta
name: Claus-Michael Lehr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Physicochemical characterization for the storage stability of blank LPNs at 4 °C and room temperature (RT) tested over a time-course of 62 days post-preparation (A) hydrodynamic size, (B) PDI and (C) ζ-potential. Colloidal properties reveal stability of LPNs for all tested time-points and temperatures. N = 3, mean ± SD. Figure S2. (A1, A2) Physicochemical characteristics of blank LPNs and (B1, B2) blank CS-PLGA NPs tested under different physiological conditions using HBSS buffer, cell culture medium DMEM with and without 10% FCS following 2 h, 4 h and 24 h of incubation. While LPNs show only a significant change in colloidal properties after incubation in DMEM plus 10% FCS, CS-PLGA NPs elicit a significant difference in colloidal parameter for all tested buffers compared with untreated samples. However, the observed size changes are immediate but not increasing within the 24 h of observation. N = 3, mean ± SD. Figure S3. Representative dot plots and appropriate gating strategy for cytotoxicity assay in DC2.4 cells using blank LPNs and CS-PLGA NPs indicate a fluorescence shift and hence higher cytotoxicity for particles of higher concentrations (160 μg/mL). Figure S4. Summary of physicochemical properties for fluoresceinamine labeled blank and labeled mRNA complexed nanoparticles wit mRNA:NPs w/w ratio of 1:10, 1:20 and 1:30. (A) Indicates the hydrodynamic size, (B) PDI and (C) ζ-potential. N = 4, mean ± SD. Figure S5. Representative dot plots and corresponding gating strategy for the transfection studies in DC2.4 cells using mRNA:LPNs and mRNA:CS-PLGA NPs with JetPRIME® as the positive control, untreated and naked mRNA as negative control. Fluorescence shift reveals cells with mRNA-mCherry transgene expression. Figure S6. (A) Representative graphs obtained 24 h and 48 h post-transfection of A549 cells with mRNA:LPNs and mRNA:CS-PLGA NPs at different mRNA:NPs weight ratios using flow cytometry. (B) Representative confocal images of A549 cells 48 h post-transfection using mRNA:LPNs, JetPRIME® as positive control, naked mRNA as negative control. Red fluorescence reveals cells successfully transfected while their morphology remains consistent with non-transfected cells (green: cell membrane; blue: cell nucleus; scale bar 50 μm).
Faintest Galaxy Morphologies from $HST$ WFPC2 Imaging of the Hawaii Survey Fields
Creators: name: Cowie, Lennox L.
name: Hu, Esther M.
name: Songaila, Antoinette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present very deep $HST$ WFPC2 images in the F814W filter of two Hawaii Survey fields, SSA13 and SSA22. Using these data with previous ground-based imaging and spectroscopy, we compare the colors, star-forming properties and morphologies of the faintest galaxies with a reference sample of bright nearby galaxies and analyze the changes in field galaxy morphology with magnitude. Our principal result is the identification of a new morphological class of ``chain'' galaxies at the faintest magnitudes. Based on limited spectroscopy, we tentatively conclude that these are linearly organized giant star-forming regions at $z = 0.5-3$ and, if this is correct, that these are large galaxies in the process of formation.
description: 18 pages + 1 table of text as 1 LaTeX file (uses aastex style macros: aaspp.sty, flushrt.sty) plus 1 uuencoded compressed tar file of 12 PostScript figures (Figs. 3-9, 16-17, and 21-23). The remaining gray-scale plots are available by anonymous ftp at ftp://hubble.ifa.hawaii.edu/pub/preprints/plates To appear in the October 1995 Astronomical Journal
The composition of HB stars : RR Lyrae variables
Creators: name: Clementini, G.
name: Carretta, E.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Merighi, R.
name: Mould, J. R.
name: McCarthy, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We used moderately high-resolution, high S/N spectra to study the chemical composition of 10 field ab-type RR Lyrae stars. A new temperature scale was determined from literature Infrared Flux Method measures of subdwarfs and the Kurucz (1992) model atmospheres, and used to calibrate colors for both dwarfs and RR Lyraes. The applicability of Kurucz (1992) model atmospheres in the analysis of RR Lyraes at minimum light was analyzed: we found that they are able to reproduce colors, excitation and ionization equilibria as well as the wings of Halpha. We derived abundances for 21 species. The metal abundances of the program stars span the range -2.50
description: 59 pages, Latex using aaspp.sty, ps-files of text, tables (21) and figures (23) available from ftp://boas3.bo.astro.it/pub/gisella To appear in October 1995 Astronomical Journal
Lepus brasiliensis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Lepus
Lepus brasiliensis

description: Lepus brasiliensis [spec. nov.]
L. cauda nulla. Syst. nat. 9. n. 1.
Cuniculus brasiliensis Tapeti. Marcgr. bras. 223. Raj. quadr. 205.
Habitat in America meridionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 58, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Search for a lighter Higgs Boson in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
Creators: name: Tao, Junquan
name: Shahzad, M. Aamir
name: Zhang, Sijing
name: Wang, Chu
name: Shen, Yuqiao
name: Chen, Guoming
name: Chen, Hesheng
name: Gascon-Shotkin, S.
name: Lethuillier, M.
name: Finco, L.
name: Camen, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After the discovery of the Higgs boson with mass at approximately 125 $GeV$ at the LHC, many studies both from the theoretical and experimental sides have been performed to search for a new Higgs Boson lighter than the 125 $GeV$ Higgs boson. We explore the possibility of constraining a lighter neutral scalar Higgs boson $h_{1}$ and a lighter pseudo-scalar Higgs boson $a_{1}$ in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model by restricting the next-to-lightest scalar Higgs boson $h_{2}$ to be the LHC observed Higgs boson after the phenomenological constraints and the constraints from experimental measurements. Such lighter particles are not yet completely excluded by the latest results of the search for a lighter Higgs boson with the diphoton decay channel from LHC data. Our results show that for a lighter scalar Higgs boson some new constraints on the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model could be obtained at the LHC if such a search is performed by the experimental collaborations with more data. The discovery potential of other interesting decay channels of such a lighter neutral scalar and a pseudo-scalar particle are also discussed.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1309.6394
High redshift quasars and the epoch of reionization
Creators: name: Barnett, Rhys
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The subject of this thesis is quasars with redshifts greater than seven. We first consider the z = 7.084 quasar ULAS J1120+0641, the most distant quasar discovered to date. We combine new and existing photometric observations of the source to create the multiwavelength SED for ULAS J1120+0641. We measure a bolometric luminosity $L_bol = 2.6 ± 0.6 × 10 ^ 47 erg s^−1$ for the source, and estimate a star formation rate in the range $60 - 270 M_sol yr ^−1$ from the [CII] line luminosity and the 158 μm continuum luminosity. We find that at the time observed the black hole was growing in mass more than 100 times faster than the stellar bulge, relative to the mass ratio measured in the local Universe. We present a deep X-shooter spectrum of the Lyman series forest towards ULAS J1120+0641. We detect seven narrow flux transmission spikes in the Lyα forest. We consider the possible detection of a 4.5σ spike in the Lyβ forest. We also present revised Hubble Space Telescope F814W photometry of the source, paying close attention to the issue of charge transfer efficiency losses. We combine the observations to constrain the evolution of the Lyα effective optical depth $(τ _GP^eff)$ with redshift. We find $τ_GP^eff ∝ (1 + z) ^ ξ$ where $ξ = 11.2 +0.4 −0.6$, for z > 5.5. The data can only weakly constrain the hydrogen IGM neutral fraction at $z ∼ 6.5, x_HI > 10^−4$, similar to limits at redshift z ∼ 6. We discuss difficulties associated with extending Lyα forest analyses to redshifts much greater than six. The second half of the thesis begins a search for $z >~ 8$ quasars in the UKIDSS Large Area Survey and VIKING. We extend existing Bayesian model comparison techniques to higher redshifts. We assess the plausibility of such a search by simulating realistically sized populations of contaminating galactic L and T dwarf stars, and elliptical galaxies. We also assess the quasar selection function in both surveys. We predict ∼ 2 quasars will be detectable across the two surveys, although the redshift evolution of the luminosity function is uncertain. Finally, we begin the search for z ∼ 8 quasar candidates using VIKING list-driven photometry, using $∼ 25 deg ^ 2$ of sky. We use cuts including morphological information to reduce an initial sample of $∼ 1.1 × 10 ^ 6 objects$ to ∼ 8000. Applying our Bayesian model comparison technique to the remaining sources, we find two candidates with $P_q > 0.1$, both of which are quickly ruled out as real quasars. We are nevertheless encouraged to find zero candidates for follow-up observations, as the implied number of good candidates will be manageable over the full area of VIKING.
Additional file 5: of The gut of the finch: uniqueness of the gut microbiome of the Galápagos vampire finch
Creators: name: Michel, Alice
name: Ward, Lewis
name: Goffredi, Shana
name: Dawson, Katherine
name: Baldassarre, Daniel
name: Brenner, Alec
name: Gotanda, Kiyoko
name: McCormack, John
name: Mullin, Sean
name: O’Neill, Ariel
name: Tender, Gabrielle
name: J. Uy
name: Yu, Kristie
name: Orphan, Victoria
name: Chaves, Jaime
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Table S3. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) and PERMANOVA (Adonis) significance of each grouping within each dataset subdivision (as described in the Methods section) for weighted (to the 4th-root) and unweighted (presence-absence) relative abundance. OTUs were calculated in QIIME at 97%. Significant statistics (p < 0.05) are highlighted in yellow. Adonis models used the sample size-balanced variable first when multiple variables were tested. Bars in cells indicate that variance-partitioning was impossible, often due to the factor overlapping with the first factor (ex. In 12c, latitude overlaps heavily with island, with island explaining all and more of the variation attributable to latitude). Dataset subdivisions labeled with a ** indicate small sample size; results are listed as they may show a contrasting trend requiring further investigation. Grayed-out regions in the table are either untestable because the dataset subdivision only has one category in that factor (dark gray) or were not tested because they are redundant with other data subdivisions that have better balance or sample size (light gray). Data subdivisions are color-coded by the factor tested (green = season, blue = diet, red = vampire, yellow = island, purple = species). (PDF 129 kb)
Additional file 2 of Increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to autophagy inhibition resulting from a dietary magnesium deficiency in injury-induced osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Bai, Ruijun
name: Miao, Michael Z.
name: Li, Hui
name: Wang, Yiqing
name: Hou, Ruixue
name: He, Ke
name: Wu, Xuan
name: Jin, Hongyu
name: Zeng, Chao
name: Cui, Yang
name: Lei, Guanghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure 2. Sox9, Col2a1, Acan and Mmp-13 genes expression. Mouse chondrocytes were cultured under different magnesium conditions (0.7mM, 0,4mM and 0.1mM) with or without treatment of Rapa. Sox9, Col2a1, Acan and Mmp-13 genes expression were assessed by qRT-PCR (n = 5). Hprt1 was used as housekeeping gene. Data were expressed as the mean ± SD and analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, ****P<0.0001)
Photon Splitting in Soft Gamma Repeaters
Creators: name: Baring, M. G.
name: Harding, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exotic quantum process of photon splitting has great potential to explain the softness of emission in soft gamma repeaters (SGRs) if they originate in neutron stars with surface fields above the quantum critical field $B_{\rm cr}=4.413\times 10^{13}$Gauss. Splitting becomes prolific at such field strengths: its principal effect is to degrade photon energies, initiating a cascade that softens gamma-ray spectra. Uniform field cascade calculations have demonstrated that emission could be softened to the observed SGR energies for fields exceeding about $10^{14}$Gauss. Recently, we have determined splitting attenuation lengths and maximum energies for photon escape in neutron star environments including the effects of magnetospheric dipole field geometry. Such escape energies $\erg_{esc}$ suitably approximate the peak energy of the emergent spectrum, and in this paper we present results for $\erg_{esc}$ as a function of photon emission angles for polar cap and equatorial emission regions. The escape energy is extremely insensitive to viewing perspective for equatorial emission, arguing in favour of such a site for the origin of SGR activity.
description: 4 pages including 1 encapsulated figure, as a compressed, uuencoded, Postscript file. To appear in Astrophysics and Space Science as part of the proceedings of the 29th ESLAB Symposium ``Towards the Source of Gamma-Ray Bursts'' held in Noordwijk, 1995
Novel insights into in vivo functions of the asthma susceptibility gene ORMDL3
Creators: name: Loeser, Stephan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: ORMDL3 was first identified as an asthma susceptibility gene by multiple GWA studies. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo analyses identified the protein as a negative regulator of de novo sphingolipid synthesis and inducer of ER-stress, while ORMDL3 overexpression in mice elevated IgE, eosinophilia and IL-4 induction in response to OVA application. The aim of this thesis was to decipher functions of ORMDL3 in regulating HDM and Alternaria induced allergic airways disease, utilising Ormdl3 deficient mice. Initial HDM administration regimens applied to adult and neonatal WT and Ormdl3 deficient mice, revealed that HDM induced airway pathophysiology was largely unaffected by Ormdl3 deficiency. Nonetheless, airway lumen IL-4 secretion in response to HDM was tempered in adult mice upon Ormdl3 deletion, while neonatal Ormdl3 KO mice exhibited enhanced pulmonary eosinophilia. Since adult Ormdl3 KO mice were protected from fungal allergen induced AHR, epithelial DAMP release and ER-stress induction, the ability of ORMDL3 to regulate asthma disease onset might depend on the capacity of particular allergens to directly induce Ormdl3 expression. Furthermore, protective asset of Ormdl3 deficiency was attributable to the proteins function in airway epithelial cells. Mechanistically, ORMDL3 promoted the induction of the ATF6 dependent UPR pathway, while no differences were detected in disease relevant sphingolipid metabolites. In agreement with in vitro reports, ORMDL3 was however found to negatively regulated de novo sphingolipid synthesis in vivo. Interestingly, in an acute model of Alternaria administration, Ormdl3 deficiency enhanced disease pathology, signified by the detection of elevated pulmonary type-2 cytokines levels. In summary, ORMDL3, the most significant risk factor for asthma identified by GWA studies, modulated acute allergen dependent innate immune responses, leading to elevated type-2 immunity in Ormdl3 KO mice before adaptive immune responses were established. Conversely, during long term fungal allergen exposure, gene deficiency led to protection from enhanced airway resistance and cellular damage, highlighting mechanisms whereby ORMDL3, identified by GWA studies regulates allergic immune responses.