cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Preventing facial recognition when rendering MR images of the head in three dimensions
Creators: name: Ghosh, Arpita
name: Zeng, Donglin
name: Bullitt, Elizabeth
name: Budin, François
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: In the United States it is not allowed to make public any patient-specific information without the patient's consent. This ruling has led to difficulty for those interested in sharing three-dimensional (3D) images of the head and brain since a patient's face might be recognized from a 3D rendering of the skin surface. Approaches employed to date have included brain stripping and total removal of the face anterior to a cut plane, each of which lose potentially important anatomical information about the skull surface, air sinuses, and orbits. This paper describes a new approach that involves a) definition of a plane anterior to which the face lies, and b) an adjustable level of deformation of the skin surface anterior to that plane. On the basis of a user performance study using forced choices, we conclude that approximately 30% of individuals are at risk of recognition from 3D renderings of unaltered images and that truncation of the face below the level of the nose does not preclude facial recognition. Removal of the face anterior to a cut plane may interfere with accurate registration and may delete important anatomical information. Our new method alters little of the underlying anatomy and does not prevent effective registration into a common coordinate system. Although the methods presented here were not fully effective (one subject was consistently recognized under the forced choice study design even at the maximum deformation level employed) this paper may point a way toward solution of a difficult problem that has received little attention in the literature.
Reducing occupational distress in veterinary medicine personnel with acceptance and commitment training: a pilot study
Creators: name: Spitznagel, MB
name: Updegraff, ASG
name: Twohig, MP
name: Carlson, MD
name: Fulkerson, CM
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To determine whether an educational programme targeting the reaction of veterinary personnel to difficult client interactions reduced burden transfer, stress and burnout in veterinary staff. Employees of three small-animal veterinary hospitals in the south-western United States of America were recruited and randomised to intervention (educational programme; n = 16) or control (no intervention; n = 18) groups. Participants of this randomised, parallel arms trial completed pre-programme assessment including the Burden Transfer Inventory (BTI), Perceived Stress Scale, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Assessment was followed by two, group-format educational sessions, based on acceptance and commitment training, tailored to reducing reactivity to difficult veterinary client interactions (intervention group only). After training was completed, both groups were assessed using the same measures and the intervention participants provided use and acceptability ratings. Intervention participants rated the programme as useful and appropriate, and reported that programme techniques were used a median of 43 (min 9, max 68) times during the 2 weeks prior to retesting. Relative to pre-programme scores, median post-programme scores for reaction (subscore of BTI) to difficult client interactions decreased in the intervention group (33 vs. 54; p = 0.047), but not in the control group (51 vs. 59; p = 0.210). Changes in median scores for stress and burnout from pre- to post-programme were non-significant for both groups. This pilot and feasibility trial showed high rates of acceptability and use by participants, as well as promising reductions in burden transfer. A larger scale clinical trial with follow-up at extended time points is needed to more fully examine the efficacy of this novel programme. Preliminary findings suggest this programme may be a useful approach to reducing occupational distress for individuals working in veterinary practice.
Sampling the spatial patterns of cancer: Optimized biopsy procedures for estimating prostate cancer volume and Gleason Score
Creators: name: Sun, Leon
name: Ou, Yangming
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Davatzikos, Christos
name: Zeng, Jianchao
name: Moul, Judd
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Prostate biopsy is the current gold-standard procedure for prostate cancer diagnosis. Existing prostate biopsy procedures have been mostly focusing on detecting cancer presence. However, they often ignore the potential use of biopsy to estimate cancer volume (CV) and Gleason Score (GS, a cancer grade descriptor), the two surrogate markers for cancer aggressiveness and the two crucial factors for treatment planning. To fill up this vacancy, this paper assumes and demonstrates that, by optimally sampling the spatial patterns of cancer, biopsy procedures can be specifically designed for estimating CV and GS. Our approach combines image analysis and machine learning tools in an atlas-based population study that consists of three steps. First, the spatial distributions of cancer in a patient population are learned, by constructing statistical atlases from histological images of prostate specimens with known cancer ground truths. Then, the optimal biopsy locations are determined in a feature selection formulation, so that biopsy outcomes (either cancer presence or absence) at those locations could be used to differentiate, at the best rate, between the existing specimens having different (high v.s. low) CV/GS values. Finally, the optimized biopsy locations are utilized to estimate whether a new-coming prostate cancer patient has high or low CV/GS values, based on a binary classification formulation. The estimation accuracy and the generalization ability are evaluated by the classification rates and the associated receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves in cross validations. The optimized biopsy procedures are also designed to be robust to the almost inevitable needle displacement errors in clinical practice, and are found to be robust to variations in the optimization parameters as well as the training populations.
Simulation of brain tumors in MR images for evaluation of segmentation efficacy
Creators: name: Bullitt, Elizabeth
name: Gerig, Guido
name: Prastawa, Marcel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Obtaining validation data and comparison metrics for segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRI) are difficult tasks due to the lack of reliable ground truth. This problem is even more evident for images presenting pathology, which can both alter tissue appearance through infiltration and cause geometric distortions. Systems for generating synthetic images with user-defined degradation by noise and intensity inhomogeneity offer the possibility for testing and comparison of segmentation methods. Such systems do not yet offer simulation of sufficiently realistic looking pathology. This paper presents a system that combines physical and statistical modeling to generate synthetic multi-modal 3D brain MRI with tumor and edema, along with the underlying anatomical ground truth, Main emphasis is placed on simulation of the major effects known for tumor MRI, such as contrast enhancement, local distortion of healthy tissue, infiltrating edema adjacent to tumors, destruction and deformation of fiber tracts, and multi-modal MRI contrast of healthy tissue and pathology. The new method synthesizes pathology in multi-modal MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) by simulating mass effect, warping and destruction of white matter fibers, and infiltration of brain tissues by tumor cells. We generate synthetic contrast enhanced MR images by simulating the accumulation of contrast agent within the brain. The appearance of the the brain tissue and tumor in MRI is simulated by synthesizing texture images from real MR images. The proposed method is able to generate synthetic ground truth and synthesized MR images with tumor and edema that exhibit comparable segmentation challenges to real tumor MRI. Such image data sets will find use in segmentation reliability studies, comparison and validation of different segmentation methods, training and teaching, or even in evaluating standards for tumor size like the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) criteria.
Standardized evaluation methodology and reference database for evaluating coronary artery centerline extraction algorithms
Creators: name: Metz, Coert T.
name: Deng, Xiang
name: Castro, Carlos
name: Mollet, Nico R.
name: Bogunović, Hrvoje
name: Weustink, Annick C.
name: van Walsum, Theo
name: Schaap, Michiel
name: van der Giessen, Alina G.
name: Bauer, Christian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Efficiently obtaining a reliable coronary artery centerline from computed tomography angiography data is relevant in clinical practice. Whereas numerous methods have been presented for this purpose, up to now no standardized evaluation methodology has been published to reliably evaluate and compare the performance of the existing or newly developed coronary artery centerline extraction algorithms. This paper describes a standardized evaluation methodology and reference database for the quantitative evaluation of coronary artery centerline extraction algorithms. The contribution of this work is fourfold: 1) a method is described to create a consensus centerline with multiple observers, 2) well-defined measures are presented for the evaluation of coronary artery centerline extraction algorithms, 3) a database containing thirty-two cardiac CTA datasets with corresponding reference standard is described and made available, and 4) thirteen coronary artery centerline extraction algorithms, implemented by different research groups, are quantitatively evaluated and compared. The presented evaluation framework is made available to the medical imaging community for benchmarking existing or newly developed coronary centerline extraction algorithms.
Additional file 1 of KC-like chemokine as a biomarker of sepsis in dogs with pyometra
Creators: name: Hagman, Ragnvi
name: Klemming, Caroline
name: Bengtsdotter, Emma
name: Södersten, Fredrik
name: Wang, Liya
name: Wernersson, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: supplementary Fig. 1: Analysis of log-transformed data demonstrates increased KC-like concentrations in dogs with pyometra and sepsis
Minimal Coupling and Attractors
Creators: name: Sloan, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of minimally coupling a gravity to matter on a flat Robertson-Walker geometry are explored. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of the symplectic structure and the Liouville measure it defines. We show that the rescaling freedom introduced by choice of fiducial cell leads to a symmetry between dynamical trajectories, which together with the Liouville measure provides a natural volume weighting explanation for the generic existence of attractors.
description: 11 pages
Parent Stars of Extrasolar Planets - XIV. Strong Evidence of Li Abundance Deficit
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of our analysis of new high resolution spectra of 30 late-F to early-G dwarf field stars for the purpose of deriving their Li abundances. They were selected from the subsample of stars in the Valenti and Fischer compilation that are lacking detected planets. These new data serve to expand our comparison sample used to test whether stars with Doppler-detected giant planets display Li abundance anomalies. Our results continue to show that Li is deficient among stars with planets when compared to very similar stars that lack such planets. This conclusion is strengthened when we add literature data to ours in a consistent way. We present a table of stars with planets paired with very similar stars lacking planets, extending the recent similar results of Delgado Mena et al.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Relationship between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, fluid responsiveness and volume status in hospitalised dogs with circulatory abnormalities
Creators: name: Donati, P.A.
name: Tarragona, L
name: Cordero, I Sandez
name: Alzate, D
name: Otero, P.E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: To evaluate the echocardiographic variable tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion normalised to body weight (TAPSEnorm) as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in hospitalised dogs with haemodynamic and tissue perfusion alterations and to investigate the association of left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalised to body weight (LVIDdN) and aortic velocity time integral (VTIAo) with TAPSEnorm. A single-centre, prospective study was carried out in a cohort of spontaneously breathing dogs, hospitalised for any reason, with severe haemodynamic and tissue perfusion alterations. The echocardiographic variables TAPSEnorm, LVIDdN, and VTIAO were measured. A bolus of 30 mL/kg of lactated Ringer’s solution was administered and then VTIAo was subsequently remeasured. Patients were classified as fluid responsive if VTIAo increased by ≥15% after fluid expansion, or non-responsive if VTIAo increased by <15% after fluid expansion. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was generated to evaluate the ability of TAPSE to predict fluid responsiveness. Simple regression models were used to assess the linear relationship between TAPSEnorm and LVIDdN or VTIAO. TAPSEnorm was lower in fluid responsive dog (mean 0.57 (95% CI=0.50–0.64) cm/kg) compared to non-responders (mean 0.76 (95% CI=0.62–0.90) cm/kg). The AUROC for TAPSEnorm was 0.827 (95% CI=0.65–1.00). The optimal cut-off point was 0.76 with sensitivity of 80 (95% CI=28.4–99.5)% and specificity of 86.7 (95% CI=69.3–99.2)%, positive predictive value of 50 (95% CI=15.7–84.3)% and negative predictive value of 96.3 (95% CI=81–99.9)%. A monotonic linear relationship was observed between TAPSEnorm and LVIDdN (p<0.001) and between TAPSEnorm and VTIAo (p=0.001). TAPSEnorm could be useful in determining those dogs that are likely to respond to a fluid bolus from those that are likely to be non-responsive. Additionally, a positive linear association between the LVIDdN and the TAPSEnorm suggests that TAPSEnorm decreases at lower preload values. The present study results suggest that TAPSEnorm could be a valuable tool for evaluating blood volume status and fluid responsiveness in hospitalised dogs.
Vessel target location estimation during the TIPS procedure
Creators: name: Aylward, Stephen
name: Dixon, Robert
name: Stavas, Joseph
name: Van Horn, Mark H.
name: Bullitt, Elizabeth
name: Piliere, Guillaume
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Creation of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) requires passage of a needle toward a moving target that is only seen transiently by x-ray prior to needle passage. Intraoperative, 3D target localization would facilitate target access and improve the safety of the procedure. The clinical assumption is that patients undergoing the TIPS procedure possess rigid, cirrhotic livers that undergo only intraoperative translation without significant deformation or rotation. Based upon this assumption, we hypothesize that the position of any unseen, 3D target point within the liver can be determined intraoperatively by precalculation of the relative positions of the target point to a different 3D point that can be tracked intraoperatively. This paper examines this hypothesis using intraoperatively acquired, biplane, x-ray images of 7 patients. In 6, we tracked the effects of cardiac and respiratory motion, and in 3 the effects of needle pressure. Methods involved reconstruction of 3D vessel bifurcation and other trackable intrahepatic points from biplane angiograms, measurement of liver deformation by examining changing distances between these 3D points over time, and comparison of expected to actual displacements of these points with respect to a fixed reference point in the liver. We conclude that, for the rigid livers associated with patients undergoing TIPS, that there is less intraoperative deformation than previously reported by other groups addressing healthy liver deformation, and that the location of an unseen target can be predicted within 3 mm accuracy.
Challenging diagnosis and successful treatment of localised Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis glossitis in a dog on long-term immunomodulatory therapy
Creators: name: Häußler, T.C.
name: Thom, N
name: Prenger-Berninghoff, E
name: Köhler, K
name: Barth, S.A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: A 3-year-old, intact female mixed-breed dog, weighing 7 kg, was presented with generalised swelling of the tongue, leading to impaired deglutition and episodes of dyspnoea. From the age of 2 years the dog had been under immunosuppressive therapy due to atopic dermatitis. Multiple nodular lesions at the apex of the tongue were noted as well as mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement. Serum biochemistry results showed inflammatory changes. The results of several biopsies taken over 7 months indicated persistent pyogranulomatous and necrotising glossitis despite ongoing antimicrobial treatment with first amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and then pradofloxacin. No foreign material, acid-fast bacteria or fungal hyphae were detected throughout. The final diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (Mah) was reached after PCR and bacterial culture were carried out on the third biopsy sample. Therapy was initiated with rifampicin, clarithromycin and doxycycline, leading to complete remission of the lesions. Severe chronic pyogranulomatous and necrotising glossitis associated with infection by Mah. This report describes challenges in the diagnosis and therapy of a localised Mah infection in an iatrogenically immunocompromised dog. Successful treatment was only achieved with a specific combination of antibiotics administered long-term.
Segmentation with area constraints
Creators: name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Zach, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Image segmentation approaches typically incorporate weak regularity conditions such as boundary length or curvature terms, or use shape information. High-level information such as a desired area or volume, or a particular topology are only implicitly specified. In this paper we develop a segmentation method with explicit bounds on the segmented area. Area constraints allow for the soft selection of meaningful solutions, and can counteract the shrinking bias of length-based regularization. We analyze the intrinsic problems of convex relaxations proposed in the literature for segmentation with size constraints. Hence, we formulate the area-constrained segmentation task as a mixed integer program, propose a branch and bound method for exact minimization, and use convex relaxations to obtain the required lower energy bounds on candidate solutions. We also provide a numerical scheme to solve the convex subproblems. We demonstrate the method for segmentations of vesicles from electron tomography images.
Additional file 1 of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery clinical electives in undergraduate medicine: a cross-sectional observational study
Creators: name: Jaszkul, Katrina M.
name: Grzybowski, Marysia
name: Phillips, Timothy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table depicting the questions and responses from the survey.
Explaining the Proton Radius Puzzle with Disformal Scalars
Creators: name: Brax, Philippe
name: Burrage, Clare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the consequences of a disformal interaction between a massless scalar and matter particles in the context of atomic physics. We focus on the displacement of the atomic energy levels that it induces, and in particular the change in the Lamb shift between the 2s and 2p states. We find that the correction to the Lamb shift depends on the mass of the fermion orbiting around the nucleus, implying a larger effect for muonic atoms. Taking the cut-off scale describing the effective scalar field theory close to the QCD scale, we find that the disformal interaction can account for the observed difference in the proton radius of muonic versus electronic Hydrogen. Explaining the proton radius puzzle is only possible when the scalar field is embedded in non-linear theories which alleviate constraints from collider and stellar physics. Short distance properties of the Galileon where non-perturbative effects in vacuum are present ensure that unitarity is preserved in high energy particle collisions. In matter, the chameleon mechanism alleviates the constraints on disformal interactions coming from the burning rates for stellar objects. We show how to combine these two properties in a single model which renders the proposed explanation of the proton radius puzzle viable.
description: 17 pages, typos corrected and references added
Code and data for Mapping crop-specific emission factors highlights hotspots of ammonia mitigation in China
Creators: name: Xu, Hang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300202
subject: Agricultural land management

description: This is code and data for Mapping crop-specific emission factors highlights hotspots of ammonia mitigation in China
Elasticities of complementarity and substitution in some functional forms. A comparative review
Creators: name: Cantarelli, Davide
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2005
Subjects: Production
Cost
Profit and distance functions
Input substitutability and complementarity
Derived
Gross and net
Demand functions for inputs

description: This paper presents and discusses the results of a comparative review of the elasticities of complementarity and substitution which may be obtained from seven functional forms, inflexible and flexible. Every functional form is examined in its four versions: production, cost, profit, and distance. The elasticities of complementarity were obtained from the production and distance functions (elasticities of Hicks, Antonelli and Morishima), and those of substitution from the cost and profit functions (elasticities of Allen-Uzawa and Lau). The results of the calculations of the various elasticities are compared and evaluated.
Recurrence relations in counting the pattern 13-2 in flattened permutations
Creators: name: Mansour, Toufik
name: Wang, David G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 05A15

description: We prove that the generating function for the number of flattened permutations having a given number of occurrences of the pattern 13-2 is rational, by using the recurrence relations and the kernel method.
description: 18 pages
Additional file 4 of Genomic and phenotypic landscapes of X-linked hereditary hearing loss in the Chinese population
Creators: name: Feng, Haifeng
name: Huang, Shasha
name: Ma, Ying
name: Yang, Jinyuan
name: Chen, Yijin
name: Wang, Guojian
name: Han, Mingyu
name: Kang, Dongyang
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Dai, Pu
name: Yuan, Yongyi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Clinical phenotypes of the AIFM1-positive auditory neuropathy cases.
A generative probability model of joint label fusion for multi-atlas based brain segmentation
Creators: name: Nie, Feiping
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Huang, Heng
name: Wang, Qian
name: Wu, Guorong
name: Zhang, Daoqiang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Automated labeling of anatomical structures in medical images is very important in many neuroscience studies. Recently, patch-based labeling has been widely investigated to alleviate the possible mis-alignment when registering atlases to the target image. However, the weights used for label fusion from the registered atlases are generally computed independently and thus lack the capability of preventing the ambiguous atlas patches from contributing to the label fusion. More critically, these weights are often calculated based only on the simple patch similarity, thus not necessarily providing optimal solution for label fusion. To address these limitations, we propose a generative probability model to describe the procedure of label fusion in a multi-atlas scenario, for the goal of labeling each point in the target image by the best representative atlas patches that also have the largest labeling unanimity in labeling the underlying point correctly. Specifically, sparsity constraint is imposed upon label fusion weights, in order to select a small number of atlas patches that best represent the underlying target patch, thus reducing the risks of including the misleading atlas patches. The labeling unanimity among atlas patches is achieved by exploring their dependencies, where we model these dependencies as the joint probability of each pair of atlas patches in correctly predicting the labels, by analyzing the correlation of their morphological error patterns and also the labeling consensus among atlases. The patch dependencies will be further recursively updated based on the latest labeling results to correct the possible labeling errors, which falls to the Expectation Maximization (EM) framework. To demonstrate the labeling performance, we have comprehensively evaluated our patch-based labeling method on the whole brain parcellation and hippocampus segmentation. Promising labeling results have been achieved with comparison to the conventional patch-based labeling method, indicating the potential application of the proposed method in the future clinical studies.
Code and data for Mapping crop-specific emission factors highlights hotspots of ammonia mitigation in China
Creators: name: Xu, Hang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300202
subject: Agricultural land management

description: This is code and data for Mapping crop-specific emission factors highlights hotspots of ammonia mitigation in ChinaIf you have any questions, please contact me at hangx0917@163.com
Automatic atlas-based three-label cartilage segmentation from MR knee images
Creators: name: Shan, Liang
name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Zach, Christopher
name: Charles, Cecil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and often characterized by cartilage changes. Accurate quantitative methods are needed to rapidly screen large image databases to assess changes in cartilage morphology. We therefore propose a new automatic atlas-based cartilage segmentation method for future automatic OA studies.
Magnetic fields and star formation in low-mass Magellanic-type and peculiar galaxies
Creators: name: Jurusik, W.
name: Drzazga, R. T.
name: Jableka, M.
name: Chyży, K. T.
name: Beck, R.
name: Klein, U.
name: Weżgowiec, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how magnetic properties of Magellanic-type and perturbed objects are related to star-forming activity, galactic type, and mass. We present radio and magnetic properties of 5 Magellanic-type and 2 peculiar low-mass galaxies observed at 4.85 and/or 8.35 GHz with the Effelsberg 100-m telescope. The sample is extended to 17 objects by including 5 Magellanic-type galaxies and 5 dwarf ones. The radio emission of low-mass galaxies at 4.85/8.35 GHz is closely connected with their optical discs. The strengths of total magnetic field are within 5-9 μG, while the ordered fields reach 1-2 μG. The magnetic field strengths are well correlated with the surface density of SFR and manifest a power-law relation with an exponent of 0.25 extending a similar relation found for dwarf galaxies. The production of magnetic energy per supernova event is similar for all the various galaxies. It constitutes about 3% of the individual SN energy release. We show that the total magnetic field energy in galaxies is almost linearly related to the galactic gas mass, which indicates equipartition of the magnetic energy and the turbulent kinetic energy of the ISM. The Magellanic-type galaxies fit very well with the radio-infrared relation constructed for surface brightness of galaxies of various types, including bright spirals and interacting objects. We found that the typical far-infrared relation based on luminosity of galaxies is tighter and steeper but more likely to inherit a partial correlation from a tendency that larger objects are also more luminous. The thermal fractions, radio spectral indices, and magnetic field strengths of the Magellanic-type galaxies are between the values determined for spirals and dwarf galaxies. The confirmed magnetic field-star formation and radio-infrared relations for low-mass galaxies point to similar physical processes that must be at work in all galaxies.
Retrospective evaluation of surgical technique, complications and long-term outcome of lateral and medial humeral condylar fractures in 80 dogs
Creators: name: Gluding, D
name: Häußler, TC
name: Büttner, K
name: Kramer, M
name: Peppler, C
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Medical records from a single veterinary teaching hospital in Giessen, Germany were retrospectively reviewed for dogs presenting with medial or lateral humeral condylar fractures (HCF) between 2007 and 2019. Data regarding surgical technique and complications were collected from the medical records. These were supplemented through information obtained from telephone interviews with referral veterinarians and from an owner questionnaire completed ≥12 months after surgical repair, which also provided data regarding the outcome. Eighty dogs with 85 HCF were identified: 13 (15.3%) HCF were medial (bilateral in two dogs) and 72 (84.7%) were lateral (bilateral in three dogs). French Bulldogs (n = 19/80; 23.8%) were most commonly affected. Patients were predominantly skeletally immature and light-weight, with a median age at the time of presentation of 3 (min 2, max 118) months and with a median body weight of 6.4 (min 1, max 46) kg. There were 38 female (47.5%) and 42 male (52.5%) dogs. Fractures developed most frequently secondary to minor trauma (67/77; 87.0%). Dogs were presented in 35/84 (41.7%) cases more than 24 hours after fracture occurrence. Surgical treatment was performed in 80/85 (94.1%) HCF. An open reduction and internal fixation approach was chosen in all cases. A transcondylar screw (TS) combined with a supracondylar (SC) K-wire (67/80; 83.8%) was the most frequently used fixation technique. Considering all fracture fixation methods, complications (26/80; 32.5%) were classed as minor in 10 (12.5%), major in 14 (17.5%) and catastrophic in two (2.5%) of the 80 surgically treated HCF. Long-term outcome was excellent in 68.6% (24/35 HCF) and very good in 22.9% (8/35 HCF) of the cases for which follow-up information was obtained. Additionally, owner information revealed that 85.7% of dogs (30/35 HCF) were free of lameness in the long-term. This case series demonstrates that surgical repair of lateral and medial HCF with a TS and SC K-wire is a viable option to consider in skeletally immature and light-weight patients. Complications occur frequently after surgical fixation of HCF, but owners can expect a very good to excellent long-term outcome in the majority of cases.
Characterization of U-shape streamline fibers: Methods and applications
Creators: name: Li, Kaiming
name: Zhang, Tuo
name: Liu, Tianming
name: Zhang, Shu
name: Chen, Hanbo
name: Li, Longchuan
name: Guo, Lei
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Hu, Xiaoping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI), and Diffusion Spectrum Imaging (DSI) have been widely used in the neuroimaging field to examine the macro-scale fiber connection patterns in the cerebral cortex. However, the topographic and geometric relationships between diffusion imaging derived streamline fiber connection patterns and cortical folding patterns remain largely unknown. This paper specifically identifies and characterizes the U-shapes of diffusion imaging derived streamline fibers via a novel fiber clustering framework and examines their co-localization patterns with cortical sulci based on DTI, HARDI, and DSI datasets of human, chimpanzee and macaque brains. We verified the presence of these U-shaped streamline fibers that connect neighboring gyri by coursing around cortical sulci such as the central sulcus, pre-central sulcus, post-central sulcus, superior temporal sulcus, inferior frontal sulcus, and intra-parietal sulcus. This study also verified the existence of U-shape fibers across data modalities (DTI/HARDI/DSI) and primate species (macaque, chimpanzee and human), and suggests that the common pattern of U-shape fibers coursing around sulci is evolutionarily-preserved in cortical architectures.
Additional file 1 of Emergence of psychiatric adverse events during antipsychotic treatment in AP-naïve children and adolescents
Creators: name: Menard, Marie-Line
name: Auby, Philippe
name: Cruzel, Coralie
name: Cohen, David
name: Bonnot, Olivier
name: Askenazy, Florence
name: Thümmler, Susanne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1: Table S1: Distribution of psychiatric Adverse Events during the quarterly follow-up
Universal Quantum Computation by Scattering in the Fermi-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Bao, Ning
name: Hayden, Patrick
name: Salton, Grant
name: Thomas, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubbard model may be the simplest model of particles interacting on a lattice, but simulation of its dynamics remains beyond the reach of current numerical methods. In this article, we show that general quantum computations can be encoded into the physics of wave packets propagating through a planar graph, with scattering interactions governed by the fermionic Hubbard model. Therefore, simulating the model on planar graphs is as hard as simulating quantum computation. We give two different arguments, demonstrating that the simulation is difficult both for wave packets prepared as excitations of the fermionic vacuum, and for hole wave packets at filling fraction one-half in the limit of strong coupling. In the latter case, which is described by the t-J model, there is only reflection and no transmission in the scattering events, as would be the case for classical hard spheres. In that sense, the construction provides a quantum mechanical analog of the Fredkin-Toffoli billiard ball computer.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Hyperref and cleveref LaTeX packages conflicted (fixed by including hyperref before cleveref). Other minor edits
The dynamics of general relativistic isotropic stellar cluster models -- Do relativistic extensions of the Plummer model exist?
Creators: name: De Rijcke, Sven
name: Verbeke, Robbert
name: Boelens, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the general relativistic theory of the dynamics of isotropic stellar clusters can be developed essentially along the same lines as the Newtonian theory. We prove that the distribution function can be derived from any isotropic momentum moment and that every higher-order moment of the distribution can be written as an integral over a zeroth-order moment. We propose a mathematically simple expression for the distribution function of a family of isotropic general relativistic cluster models and investigate their dynamical properties. In the Newtonian limit, these models obtain a distribution function of the form F(E) ~ (E-E_0)^alpha, with E binding energy and E_0 a constant that determines the model's outer radius. The slope alpha sets the steepness of the distribution function and the corresponding radial density and pressure profiles. We show that the field equations only yield solutions with finite mass for alpha<3.5. Moreover, in the limit alpha->3.5, only Newtonian models exist. In other words: within the context of this family of models, no general relativistic version of the Plummer model exists. The most strongly bound model within the family is characterized by alpha=2.75 and a central redshift z_c~0.55.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
Large deformation diffeomorphic registration of diffusion-weighted imaging data
Creators: name: Zhang, Pei
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Shen, Dinggang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Registration plays an important role in group analysis of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data. It can be used to build a reference anatomy for investigating structural variation or tracking changes in white matter. Unlike traditional scalar image registration where spatial alignment is the only focus, registration of DWI data requires both spatial alignment of structures and reorientation of local signal profiles. As such, DWI registration is much more complex and challenging than scalar image registration. Although a variety of algorithms has been proposed to tackle the problem, most of them are restricted by the zdiffusion model used for registration, making it difficult to fit to the registered data a different model. In this paper we describe a method that allows any diffusion model to be fitted after registration for subsequent multifaceted analysis. This is achieved by directly aligning DWI data using a large deformation diffeomorphic registration framework. Our algorithm seeks the optimal coordinate mapping by simultaneously considering structural alignment, local signal profile reorientation, and deformation regularization. Our algorithm also incorporates a multi-kernel strategy to concurrently register anatomical structures at different scales. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach using in vivo data and report detailed qualitative and quantitative results in comparison with several different registration strategies.
Multi-modal registration for correlative microscopy using image analogies
Creators: name: Czymmek, Kirk
name: Cao, Tian
name: Modla, Shannon
name: Powell, Debbie
name: Zach, Christopher
name: Niethammer, Marc
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Correlative microscopy is a methodology combining the functionality of light microscopy with the high resolution of electron microscopy and other microscopy technologies for the same biological specimen. In this paper, we propose an image registration method for correlative microscopy, which is challenging due to the distinct appearance of biological structures when imaged with different modalities. Our method is based on image analogies and allows to transform images of a given modality into the appearance-space of another modality. Hence, the registration between two different types of microscopy images can be transformed to a mono-modality image registration. We use a sparse representation model to obtain image analogies. The method makes use of corresponding image training patches of two different imaging modalities to learn a dictionary capturing appearance relations. We test our approach on backscattered electron (BSE) scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/confocal and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)/confocal images. We perform rigid, affine, and deformable registration via B-splines and show improvements over direct registration using both mutual information and sum of squared differences similarity measures to account for differences in image appearance.
Quantifying anatomical shape variations in neurological disorders
Creators: name: Thomas Fletcher, P.
name: Joshi, Sarang
name: Singh, Nikhil
name: Samuel Preston, J.
name: King, Richard D.
name: Weiner, Michael W.
name: Marron, J.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We develop a multivariate analysis of brain anatomy to identify the relevant shape deformation patterns and quantify the shape changes that explain corresponding variations in clinical neuropsychological measures. We use kernel Partial Least Squares (PLS) and formulate a regression model in the tangent space of the manifold of diffeomorphisms characterized by deformation momenta. The scalar deformation momenta completely encode the diffeomorphic changes in anatomical shape. In this model, the clinical measures are the response variables, while the anatomical variability is treated as the independent variable. To better understand the “shape—clinical response” relationship, we also control for demographic confounders, such as age, gender, and years of education in our regression model. We evaluate the proposed methodology on the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database using baseline structural MR imaging data and neuropsychological evaluation test scores. We demonstrate the ability of our model to quantify the anatomical deformations in units of clinical response. Our results also demonstrate that the proposed method is generic and generates reliable shape deformations both in terms of the extracted patterns and the amount of shape changes. We found that while the hippocampus and amygdala emerge as mainly responsible for changes in test scores for global measures of dementia and memory function, they are not a determinant factor for executive function. Another critical finding was the appearance of thalamus and putamen as most important regions that relate to executive function. These resulting anatomical regions were consistent with very high confidence irrespective of the size of the population used in the study. This data-driven global analysis of brain anatomy was able to reach similar conclusions as other studies in Alzheimer’s Disease based on predefined ROIs, together with the identification of other new patterns of deformation. The proposed methodology thus holds promise for discovering new patterns of shape changes in the human brain that could add to our understanding of disease progression in neurological disorders.
Reducing occupational distress in veterinary medicine personnel with acceptance and commitment training: a pilot study
Creators: name: Spitznagel, MB
name: Updegraff, ASG
name: Twohig, MP
name: Carlson, MD
name: Fulkerson, CM
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: To determine whether an educational programme targeting the reaction of veterinary medicine personnel to difficult client interactions reduces burden transfer, stress and burnout in veterinary medicine staff. Employees of three small animal veterinary hospitals in the south-western United States of America were recruited and randomised to intervention (educational programme; n=16) or control (no intervention; n=18) groups. Participants of this randomised, parallel arms trial completed pre-programme assessment including the Burden Transfer Inventory (BTI), Perceived Stress Scale, and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Assessment was followed by two, group-format educational sessions, based on acceptance and commitment training, tailored to reducing reactivity to difficult veterinary client interactions (intervention group only). After training was completed, both groups were assessed using the same measures and the intervention participants provided use and acceptability ratings. Intervention participants rated the programme as useful and appropriate, and reported that programme techniques were used a median of 43 (min 9, max 68) times during the 2 weeks prior to retesting. Relative to pre-programme scores, median post-programme scores for reaction (subscore of BTI) to difficult client interactions decreased in the intervention group (33 vs. 54; p=0.047), but not in the control group (51 vs. 59; p=0.210). Changes in median scores for stress and burnout from pre- to post-programme were non-significant for both groups. This pilot and feasibility trial showed high rates of acceptability and use by participants, as well as promising reductions in burden transfer. A larger scale clinical trial with follow-up at extended time points is needed to more fully examine the efficacy of this novel programme. Preliminary findings suggest this programme may be a useful approach to reducing occupational distress for individuals working in the field of veterinary medicine.