cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Charge-Injection Device Imaging of Sirius with Contrast Ratios Greater than 1:26 Million
Creators: name: Sawant, Sailee M.
name: Batcheldor, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intrinsic nature of many astronomical objects, such as binary systems, exoplanets, circumstellar and debris disks, and quasar host galaxies, introduces challenging requirements for observational instrumentation and techniques. In each case, we encounter situations where the light from bright sources hampers our ability to detect surrounding fainter targets. To explore all features of such astronomical scenes, we must perform observations at the maximum possible contrast ratios. Charge-injection devices (CIDs) are capable of potentially exceeding contrast ratios of $\log_{10}{(CR)} > 9$ (i.e., 1 part in 1 billion) due to their unique readout architectures and inherent anti-blooming abilities. The on-sky testing of the latest generation of CIDs, the SpectraCAM XDR, has previously demonstrated direct contrast ratios in excess of 1 part in 20 million from sub-optimal ground-based astronomical observations that imposed practical limits on the maximum achievable contrast ratios. Here, we demonstrate the extreme contrast ratio imaging capabilities of the SXDR using observations of Sirius with the 1.0-m Jacobus Kapteyn Telescope, La Palma, Spain. Based on wavelet-based analysis and precise photometric and astrometric calibrations, we report a direct contrast ratio of $Δm_r = 18.54$, $\log_{10}{(CR)} = 7.41 \pm 0.08$, or $1$ part in $26$ million. This shows a $29\%$ increase in the achievable contrast ratios compared to the previous results.
Stage 1 registered report for replication of Experiment 1 and 2 of “Axe the tax: Taxes are disliked more than equivalent costs” (Sussman & Olivola, 2011)
Creators: name: Brandt, Mark
name: Kirchler, Erich
name: Dezső, Linda
name: Olsen, Jerome
name: Kogler, Christoph
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2018
Subjects: Financial Choice
Replication
Sales Tax
Tax Aversion
Tax Behavior
VAT

description: Stage 1: Sussman and Olivola (2011) reported that people in the US show a stronger preference to avoid tax-related costs than to avoid tax-unrelated monetary costs of the same size and coined the term Tax Aversion to describe the phenomenon. The original Experiment 1 and 2 results indicated that people are willing to incur increased timely costs to receive a discount when it refers to taxes (e.g., “axe-the-tax discount”) than when it just refers to a regular discount (e.g., “customer rewards”). Their paper has received considerable attention and is often cited in tax behavior research when referring to citizens’ general aversion to taxes. We propose close replications of Experiments 1 and 2 in two high-powered studies in the US (N = 600 and N = 700, respectively). Because the original study was conducted in a country that relies on a sales tax system, where consumption taxes are very salient, we additionally propose conducting both replication studies in the UK to test whether the effect also applies to a value added tax system (again N = 600 and N = 700, respectively). The replication studies will test whether Tax Aversion is a stable phenomenon in the US and whether the effect extends to a consumption tax system where payments do not represent an out-of-pocket cost.
The SLAC T-510 experiment for radio emission from particle showers: detailed simulation study and interpretation
Creators: name: Bechtol, K.
name: Belov, K.
name: Borch, K.
name: Chen, P.
name: Clem, J.
name: Gorham, P.
name: Hast, C.
name: Huege, T.
name: Hyneman, R.
name: Jobe, K.
name: Kuwatani, K.
name: Lam, J.
name: Liu, T. C.
name: Mulrey, K.
name: Nam, J.
name: Naudet, C.
name: Nichol, R. J.
name: Paciaroni, C.
name: Rauch, B. F.
name: Romero-Wolf, A.
name: Rotter, B.
name: Saltzberg, D.
name: Schoorlemmer, H.
name: Seckel, D.
name: Strutt, B.
name: Vieregg, A.
name: Williams, C.
name: Wissel, S.
name: Zilles, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last several decades, radio detection of air showers has been widely used to detect ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We developed an experiment under controlled laboratory conditions at SLAC with which we measured the radio-frequency radiation from a charged particle shower produced by bunches of electrons as primaries with known energy. The shower took place in a target made of High Density Polyethylene located in a strong magnetic field. The experiment was designed so that Askaryan and magnetically-induced components of the radio emission could be measured independently. At the same time, we performed a detailed simulation of this experiment to predict the radio signal using two microscopic formalisms, endpoint and ZHS. In this paper, we present the simulation scheme and make a comparison with data characteristics such as linearity with magnetic field and amplitude. The simulations agree with the measurements within uncertainties and present a good description of the data. In particular, reflections within the target that accounted for the largest systematic uncertainties are addressed. The prediction of the amplitude of Askaryan emission agrees with measurements to within 5% for the endpoint formalism and 11% for the ZHS formalism. The amplitudes of magnetically-induced emission agree to within 5% for the endpoint formalism and less than 1% for the ZHS formalism. The agreement of the absolute scale of emission gives confidence in state-of-the-art air shower simulations which are based on the applied formalisms.
Two manganese(II) coordination polymers driven by (iso)nicotinoyl-hydrazone blocks and pseudohalide ancillary ligands: Syntheses, structural features, and magnetic properties
Creators: name: Ghodrat Mahmoudi
name: Habibar Chowdhury
name: Lofland, Samuel E.
name: Barindra Kumar Ghosh
name: Kirillov, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Two coordination polymers, [Mn2(μ-L1)2(μ-N3)2]n (1) and [Mn(μ-HL2)(SCN)2]n (2), were assembled in a single-pot from MnCl2·4H2O, HL1 (2-acetylpyridine isonicotinoylhydrazone) or HL2 (2-acetylpyridine nicotinoylhydrazone) and ancillary ligand sources (NaN3 or NH4NCS). The products were fully characterized, including by single crystal X-ray diffraction, which revealed a 2D metal-organic layer in 1 and a 1D zigzag coordination chain in 2. Both 1 and 2 are constructed from six-coordinate Mn(II) nodes that adopt distorted octahedral (MnN5O) environments; the adjacent nodes are driven by the μ-L1 and μ-N3 linkers in 1 or μ-HL2 linkers in 2 to form different metal-organic networks. Their topological classification was performed, disclosing the hcb and 2C1 topology in 1 and 2, respectively. Different weak non-covalent interactions promote dimensionality extension. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out, revealing weak ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in 1 and 2, respectively.
Analysis of an open-ended coaxial method for detection colorectal cancer obtained through colonoscopy biopsies. Preliminary results.
Creators: name: Nevárez, Andrea
name: Fornés-Leal, Alejandro
name: Parra-Escrig, Andrea
name: García-Pardo, Concepción
name: Frasson, Matteo
name: Pons-Beltrán, Vicente
name: Cardona, Narcis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Many technological advances have been made to optimize the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) lesions. Research has shown that the electromagnetic properties of healthy and cancerous tissues differ in many biological samples. We aim to analyse these differences in healthy and pathological colon tissues gathered from colonoscopy biopsies. Two different properties were analysed as diagnostic markers: the dielectric constant (frequency dependant property that describes an interaction between a particular material and electromagnetic fields) and the conductivity (describes how lossy these materials are).
A Comparison of Deep Learning Architectures for Optical Galaxy Morphology Classification
Creators: name: Fielding, Ezra
name: Nyirenda, Clement N.
name: Vaccari, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classification of galaxy morphology plays a crucial role in understanding galaxy formation and evolution. Traditionally, this process is done manually. The emergence of deep learning techniques has given room for the automation of this process. As such, this paper offers a comparison of deep learning architectures to determine which is best suited for optical galaxy morphology classification. Adapting the model training method proposed by Walmsley et al in 2021, the Zoobot Python library is used to train models to predict Galaxy Zoo DECaLS decision tree responses, made by volunteers, using EfficientNet B0, DenseNet121 and ResNet50 as core model architectures. The predicted results are then used to generate accuracy metrics per decision tree question to determine architecture performance. DenseNet121 was found to produce the best results, in terms of accuracy, with a reasonable training time. In future, further testing with more deep learning architectures could prove beneficial.
title: 01_1759
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Long Short-Term Memory Implementation Exploiting Passive RRAM Crossbar Array
Creators: name: Nikam, Honey
name: Satyam, Siddharth
name: Sahay, Shubham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ever-increasing demand to extract temporal correlations across sequential data and perform context-based learning in this era of big data has led to the development of long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to perform these time-series data-dependent applications including speech/video processing and recognition, language modelling and translation, etc. on compact internet-of-things (IoT) edge devices with limited energy. To this end, in this work, for the first time, we propose an extremely area- and energy-efficient LSTM network implementation exploiting the passive resistive random access memory (RRAM) crossbar array. We developed a hardware-aware LSTM network simulation framework and performed an extensive analysis of the proposed LSTM implementation considering the non-ideal hardware artifacts such as spatial (device-to-device) and temporal variations, non-linearity, noise, etc. utilizing an experimentally calibrated comprehensive phenomenological model for passive RRAM crossbar array. Our results indicate that the proposed passive RRAM crossbar-based LSTM network implementation not only outperforms the prior digital and active 1T-1R crossbar-based LSTM implementations by more than three orders of magnitude in terms of area and two orders of magnitude in terms of training energy for identical network accuracy, but also exhibits robustness against spatial and temporal variations and noise, and a faster convergence rate. Our work may provide the incentive for experimental realization of LSTM networks on passive RRAM crossbar arrays.
Efficient multi-partition topology optimization
Creators: name: Koppen, Stijn
name: Langelaar, Matthijs
name: van Keulen, Fred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In topology optimization, the state of structures is typically obtained by numerically evaluating a discretized PDE-based model. The degrees of freedom of such a model can be partitioned in free and prescribed sets to define the boundary conditions. A multi-partition problem involves multiple partitions of the same discretization, typically corresponding to different loading scenarios. As a result, solving multi-partition problems involves multiple factorization/preconditionings of the system matrix, requiring a high computational effort. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to efficiently calculate the responses and accompanying design sensitivities in such multi-partition problems using static condensation for use in gradient-based topology optimization. A main problem class that benefits from the proposed method is the topology optimization of small-displacement multi-input-multi-output compliant mechanisms. However, the method is applicable to any linear problem. We present its formulation and an algorithmic complexity analysis to estimate computational advantages for both direct and iterative solution methods to solve the system of equations, verified by numerical experiments. It is demonstrated that substantial gains are achievable for large-scale multi-partition problems. This is especially true for problems with both a small set of number of degrees of freedom that fully describes the performance of the structure and with large similarities between the different partitions. A major contribution to the gain is the lack of large adjoint analyses required to obtain the sensitivities of the performance measure.
A model for coupled $4f-3d$ magnetic spectra: a neutron scattering study of the Yb$-$Fe hybridisation in Yb$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$
Creators: name: Peçanha-Antonio, Viviane
name: Prabhakaran, Dharmalingam
name: Balz, Christian
name: Krajewska, Aleksandra
name: Boothroyd, Andrew T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore experimentally and theoretically the spectrum of magnetic excitations of the Fe$^{3+}$ and Yb$^{3+}$ ions in ytterbium iron garnet (Yb$_3$Fe$_5$O$_{12}$). We present a complete description of the crystal-field splitting of the $4f$ states of Yb$^{3+}$, including the effect of the exchange field generated by the magnetically ordered Fe subsystem. We also consider a further effect of the Fe-Yb exchange interaction, which is to hybridise the Yb crystal field excitations with the Fe spin-wave modes at positions in the Brillouin zone where the two types of excitations cross. We present detailed measurements of these hybridised excitations, and propose a framework which can be used in the quantitative analysis of the coupled spectra in terms of the anisotropic $4f-3d$ exchange interaction.
Programmable black phosphorus image sensor for broadband optoelectronic edge computing
Creators: name: Lee, Seokhyeong
name: Peng, Ruoming
name: Wu, Changming
name: Li, Mo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Image sensors with internal computing capability enable in-sensor computing that can significantly reduce the communication latency and power consumption for machine vision in distributed systems and robotics. Two-dimensional semiconductors are uniquely advantageous in realizing such intelligent visionary sensors because of their tunable electrical and optical properties and amenability for heterogeneous integration. Here, we report a multifunctional infrared image sensor based on an array of black phosphorous programmable phototransistors (bP-PPT). By controlling the stored charges in the gate dielectric layers electrically and optically, the bP-PPT's electrical conductance and photoresponsivity can be locally or remotely programmed with high precision to implement an in-sensor convolutional neural network (CNN). The sensor array can receive optical images transmitted over a broad spectral range in the infrared and perform inference computation to process and recognize the images with 92% accuracy. The demonstrated multispectral infrared imaging and in-sensor computing with the black phosphorous optoelectronic sensor array can be scaled up to build a more complex visionary neural network, which will find many promising applications for distributed and remote multispectral sensing.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
Black Hole Remnants from Dynamical Dimensional Reduction?
Creators: name: Saueressig, Frank
name: Khosravi, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A intriguing feature shared by many quantum gravity programs is the dynamical decrease of the spectral dimension from $D_s = 4$ at macroscopic to $D_s \approx 2$ at microscopic scales. In this note, we study the impact of this transition on the energy loss of static, spherically symmetric black holes due to Hawking radiation. We demonstrate that the decrease in the spectral dimension renders the luminosity of a black hole finite. While this slightly increases the life-time of light black holes, we find that this mechanism is insufficient to generate long-lived black hole remnants. We briefly comment on the relation of our findings to previous work on this topic.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
The Association between Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Jun
name: Liao, Min-Qi
name: Cao, Da-Fang
name: Yang, Ying
name: Liu, Yan-Hua
name: Zeng, Fang-Fang
name: Chen, Xiao-Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Molecular epidemiological studies have sought associations between interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the results are controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis to evaluate a more accurate estimation of the associations. Published literatures reporting the relationships of two IL-6 polymorphisms (G-174C and G-572C) and SLE risk were retrieved from electronic databases such as PubMed and EMBASE. The most appropriate genetic model was chosen for each polymorphism. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was introduced to assess the information size and the positive results. With 17 studies (2780 cases and 3100 controls) included, a dominant association (CC+GC vs. GG) was suggested for G-174C polymorphism, and compared with the GG genotype, the CC+GC genotype of G-174C was associated with a decreased SLE risk (OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.56–0.88, P =.02). No association was found for G-572C under all genetic models (e.g. OR and 95%CI for CC+GC vs. GG: 0.89, 0.73–1.08, P =.22). Subgroup analyses indicated that SLE risk decreased in G-174C polymorphism by subgroups of Caucasian population, publications after 2010, studies with high quality, and studies complied with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). TSA suggested that the sample sizes used for G-572C were insufficient. We found that the minor allele C of IL6G-174C polymorphism is a protective factor in SLE. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to confirm the null association for G-572C.
title: Leggere il "non-scritto": uno studio qualitativo nelle scuole post-obbligatorie del Cantone Ticino circa l'impiego delle abilità inferenziali nella comprensione del testo
Creators: name: Manetti, Elisa Désirée
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 450 Italian, Romanian & related languages

description: La presente ricerca dottorale ha come oggetto principale d’indagine la capacità di generare inferenze da parte di studenti che hanno terminato la scolarità obbligatoria e ora frequentano una scuola professionale (commerciale o tecnica) oppure un liceo nel Cantone Ticino. Considerando le inferenze come abilità essenziali per la lettura di molteplici tipi e generi testuali, lo studio, di stampo prevalentemente qualitativo, si concentra sulle tipologie di problem solving che ogni singolo lettore adotta nel processo di trasformazione delle informazioni implicite (nel testo) in esplicite (nella mente), compiendo così l’inferenza.
I dati raccolti grazie a questa indagine esplorativa hanno permesso di descrivere il fenomeno inferenziale sia da un punto di vista teorico (al quale è dedicata la prima parte del lavoro) sia da un punto di vista maggiormente improntato all’applicazione didattica (tematica principale della seconda parte della dissertazione). Le differenti strategie adottate nella risoluzione inferenziale sono state rilevate grazie a una prova di lettura ideata appositamente per la presente ricerca e distribuita a 445 studenti di scuola post-obbligatoria sul territorio ticinese. Le osservazioni si sono concentrate principalmente sulla suddivisione binaria tra inferenze di tipo connettivo e inferenze di tipo elaborativo, nel lavoro identificate rispettivamente come backward inferences e forward inferences secondo il tipo di “movimento” necessario al lettore per la loro risoluzione.
La necessità di esplicitare ciò che è presentato in maniera implicita ha inoltre portato a distinguere e quindi a descrivere un ulteriore tipo di strategia inferenziale (nella dissertazione identificato come “parametro” e non come vera e propria tipologia di inferenza come le precedenti) incentrato sull’integrazione di informazioni esterne al testo (ma solitamente ben note all’individuo): in un caso essa si rende necessaria per elaborare delle ipotesi interpretative che vengono continuamente generate e adattate nel corso della lettura, e in un altro essa porta invece a compiere un ragionamento opposto rispetto a quello richiesto, e quindi a introdurre nel testo delle vere e proprie “interferenze”.
Quanto osservato nel corso dell’indagine ha consentito di rilevare degli aspetti che nelle prove di lettura svolte normalmente nel contesto scolastico non emergono in maniera così evidente. Lo scopo ultimo della ricerca vuole essere quello di portare a una maggiore consapevolezza circa la possibilità (e in parte la necessità) di includere una vera e propria “didattica dell’implicito” (ragionata) nell’ambito della lettura e della comprensione dei testi.
Two new isoquinolines from Corydalis saxicola
Creators: name: Ouyang, Zhi-Wei
name: He, Ji-Man
name: Qin, Feng
name: Li, Ling
name: Tang, Wen-Di
name: Li, Dian-Peng
name: Qin, Jiang-Ke
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Two new isoquinolines (1 and 3), along with 4 known isoquinolines were obtained from the ethanol extract of Corydalis saxicola Bunting. Their structures were elucidated based on detailed spectroscopic data (NMR, HR-ESIMS) and comparison with literature data. The absolute configurations of the new compounds were assigned by comparing computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD). The anti-inflammatory effects of the isolates were assessed by inhibiting NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and the results showed that compounds 1–6 exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, with IC50 values ranged from 44.24 ± 1.16 to 69.00 ± 5.41 µM.
Lower Limb Muscular Activation During Transitions to Symmetric High Knee Flexion Postures in Young Females
Creators: name: Kingston, David C.
name: Tennant, Liana M.
name: Chong, Helen C.
name: Acker, Stacey M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Movements involving substantial knee flexion, such as squatting and kneeling, are common in many occupations and in some activities of daily living. However, the level of muscle activity required to perform these movements has not been well investigated, and only peak activations have been previously reported from a few leg muscles. This limits our understanding of the physical demands on workers when attempting to understand joint degenerative disease risk or developing guidelines for occupations commonly using these postures. The present study compared kneeling and squatting movements, based on activity levels, from seven leg muscles. Minimal differences were found when descending into these movements, but higher activity from two thigh muscles were observed when ascending from squatting when compared to kneeling. Therefore, future modeling efforts may use these data to verify estimates of muscle activity for joint loading prediction of symmetric descending transitions to high knee flexion postures. TECHNICAL ABSTRACT Rationale: Many occupations and activities of daily living require individuals to use their full range of knee motion, but fundamental data on muscle activity is lacking. Lower limb data are limited above 100° of knee flexion and have not been reported for dynamic movements with high knee flexion. Purpose: To determine if the levels of quadriceps, hamstring, gastrocnemii, and tibialis anterior activity differed between two symmetric high flexion movements (heels-up squat and dorsi-flexed kneel). Methods: Electromyographic signals from the dominant lower limb were normalized to maximum voluntary contractions and discretized in 1° increments of knee flexion angle; principal component analysis was then used as a means of comparing time-series data between dynamic movements. The descent and ascent phases of these movements were assessed separately. Results: Semitendinosus and vastus lateralis at peak principal component scores were 14.2% and 16.1% maximum voluntary contractions higher in the ascending phase, respectively, during squatting when compared to kneeling. Negligible differences were present in the biceps femoris during the descending phase. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, for ascent to standing, activation waveforms for the semitendinosus and vastus lateralis muscles are different, at respective knee flexion angles, during these movements. However, muscular activity is similar between movements during descent.
Self-similar solutions for resistive diffusion, Ohmic heating and Ettingshausen effects in plasmas of arbitrary $β$
Creators: name: Farrow, G.
name: Kagan, G.
name: Chittenden, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MIF approaches, such as the MagLIF experiment, use magnetic fields in dense plasma to suppress cross-field thermal conduction, attempting to reduce heat losses and trap alpha particles to achieve ignition. However, the magnetic field can introduce other transport effects, some of which are deleterious. An understanding of these processes is thus crucial for accurate modelling of MIF. We generalise past work exploiting self-similar solutions to describe transport processes in planar geometry and compare the model to the radiation-magnetohydrodynamics code Chimera. We solve the 1D extended MHD equations under pressure balance, making no assumptions about the ratio of magnetic and thermal pressures in the plasma. The resulting ODE boundary value problem is solved using a shooting method, combining an implicit ODE solver and a Newton-Raphson root finder. We show that the Nernst effect dominates over resistive diffusion in high $β$ plasma, but its significance is reduced as the $β$ decreases. On the other hand, we find that Ettingshausen and Ohmic heating effects are dominant in low $β$ plasma, and can be observable in even order unity $β$ plasma, though in the presence of a strong temperature gradient heat conduction remains dominant. We then present a test problem for the Ohmic heating and Ettingshausen effects which will be useful to validate codes modelling these effects. We also observe that the Ettingshausen effect plays a role in preventing temperature separation when Ohmic heating is strong. Neglecting this term may lead to overestimates for the electron temperature at a vacuum-plasma interface, such as at the edge of a z-pinch. The model developed can be used to provide test problems with arbitrary boundary conditions for magnetohydrodynamics codes, with the ability to freely switch on terms to compare their individual implementations.
description: 32 pages, 7 figures
Quantum oscillations in Noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetals RAlSi (R = Sm and Ce)
Creators: name: Cao, Weizheng
name: Wang, Qi
name: Pei, Cuiying
name: Gao, Lingling
name: Zhao, Yi
name: Li, Changhua
name: Yu, Na
name: Wang, Jinghui
name: Chen, Yulin
name: Li, Jun
name: Qi, Yanpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl semimetal (WSM) as a new type of quantum state of matter hosting low energy relativistic quasiparticles, has attracted significant attention for both scientific community and potential quantum device applications. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the structural, magnetic and transport properties of noncentrosymmetric RAlSi (R = Sm, Ce), which have been predicted to be new magnetic WSM candidates. Both samples exhibit non-saturated magnetoresistance (MR), with ~ 900% for SmAlSi and 80% for CeAlSi at 1.8 K, 9 T. The carrier densities of SmAlSi and CeAlSi display remarkable change around magnetic transition temperatures, signifying that the electronic states are sensitive to magnetic ordering of rare earth elements. At low temperatures, SmAlSi reveals prominent Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations associated with the nontrivial Berry phase. High pressure experiments demonstrate that the magnetic order is robust and survival under high pressure. Our results would yield valuable insights of WSM physics and potentials in application to the next-generation spintronic devices in RAX family.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Spin-lattice couplings in two-dimensional CrI$_3$ from first-principles study
Creators: name: Sadhukhan, Banasree
name: Bergman, Anders
name: Kvashnin, Yaroslav O.
name: Hellsvik, Johan
name: Delin, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since thermal fluctuations become more important as dimensions shrink, it is expected that low-dimensional magnets are more sensitive to lattice distortions and phonons than bulk systems are. Here we present a fully relativistic first-principles study on the spin-lattice coupling, i.e. how the magnetic interactions depend on local lattice distortions, of the prototypical two-dimensional ferromagnet CrI$_3$. We extract an effective measure of the spin-lattice coupling in CrI$_3$ which is up to ten times larger than what is found for bcc Fe. The magnetic exchange interactions, including Heisenberg and relativistic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, are sensitive both to the in-plane motion of Cr atoms and out-of-plane motion of ligand atoms. We find that significant magnetic pair interactions change sign from ferromagnetic (FM) to anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) for atomic displacements larger than 0.16 Å. We explain the observed strong spin-lattice coupling by analyzing the orbital decomposition of isotropic exchange interactions, involving different crystal-field-split Cr$-3d$ orbitals. The competition between the AFM t$_{2g}$ - t$_{2g}$ and FM t$_{2g}$ - e$_{g}$ contributions depends on the bond angle formed by Cr and I atoms as well as Cr-Cr distance. In particular, if a Cr atom is displaced, the FM-AFM sign change when the I-Cr-I bond angle approaches 90$^\circ$. The obtained spin-lattice coupling constants, along with the microscopic orbital analysis can act as a guiding principle for further studies of the thermodynamic properties and combined magnon-phonon excitations in two-dimensional magnets.
Numerical approximation of viscous contact problems applied to glacial sliding
Creators: name: de Diego, Gonzalo G.
name: Farrell, Patrick E.
name: Hewitt, Ian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: G.1.8; G.1.10
subject: 86A40, 65K15

description: Viscous contact problems describe the time evolution of fluid flows in contact with a surface from which they can detach and reattach. These problems are of particular importance in glaciology, where they arise in the study of grounding lines and subglacial cavities. In this work, we propose a novel numerical method for solving viscous contact problems based on a mixed formulation with Lagrange multipliers of a variational inequality involving the Stokes equation. The advection equation for evolving the geometry of the domain occupied by the fluid is then solved via a specially-built upwinding scheme, leading to a robust and accurate algorithm for viscous contact problems. We first verify the method by comparing the numerical results to analytical results obtained by a linearised method. Then, we use this numerical scheme to reconstruct friction laws for glacial sliding with cavitation. Finally, we compute the evolution of cavities from a steady state under oscillating water pressures. The results depend strongly on the location of the initial steady state along the friction law. In particular, we find that if the steady state is located on the downsloping or rate-weakening part of the friction law, the cavity evolves towards the upsloping section, indicating that the downsloping part is unstable.
Atom interferometry using $σ^+$-$σ^-$ Raman transitions between $F=1,m_F=\mp1$ and $F=2,m_F=\pm1$
Creators: name: Bernard, Jeanne
name: Bidel, Yannick
name: Cadoret, Malo
name: Salducci, Clément
name: Zahzam, Nassim
name: Schwartz, Sylvain
name: Bonnin, Alexis
name: Blanchard, Cédric
name: Bresson, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the experimental demonstration of a horizontal accelerometer based on atom interferometry using counterpropagative Raman transitions between the states $F=1,m_F=\mp1$ and $F=2,m_F=\pm1$ of $^{87}$Rb. Compared to the $F=1,m_F=0 \leftrightarrow F=2,m_F=0$ transition usually used in atom interferometry, our scheme presents the advantages to have only a single counterpropagating transition allowed in a retroreected geometry, to use the same polarization configuration than the magneto-optical trap and to allow the control of the atom trajectory with magnetic forces. We demonstrate horizontal acceleration measurement in a close-to-zero velocity regime using a singlediffraction Raman process with a short-term sensitivity of $25 \times 10^{-5}$ m.s$^{-2}$.Hz$^{-1/2}$. We discuss specific features of the technique such as spontaneous emission, light-shifts and effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities. We finally give possible applications of this technique in metrology or for cold-atom inertial sensors dedicated to onboard applications.
Stage 1 registered report for replication of Experiment 1 and 2 of “Axe the tax: Taxes are disliked more than equivalent costs” (Sussman & Olivola, 2011)
Creators: name: Olsen, Jerome
name: Kogler, Christoph
name: Brandt, Mark
name: Kirchler, Erich
name: Dezső, Linda
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2018
Subjects: Financial Choice
Replication
Sales Tax
Tax Aversion
Tax Behavior
VAT

description: Stage 1: Sussman and Olivola (2011) reported that people in the US show a stronger preference to avoid tax-related costs than to avoid tax-unrelated monetary costs of the same size and coined the term Tax Aversion to describe the phenomenon. The original Experiment 1 and 2 results indicated that people are willing to incur increased timely costs to receive a discount when it refers to taxes (e.g., “axe-the-tax discount”) than when it just refers to a regular discount (e.g., “customer rewards”). Their paper has received considerable attention and is often cited in tax behavior research when referring to citizens’ general aversion to taxes. We propose close replications of Experiments 1 and 2 in two high-powered studies in the US (N = 600 and N = 700, respectively). Because the original study was conducted in a country that relies on a sales tax system, where consumption taxes are very salient, we additionally propose conducting both replication studies in the UK to test whether the effect also applies to a value added tax system (again N = 600 and N = 700, respectively). The replication studies will test whether Tax Aversion is a stable phenomenon in the US and whether the effect extends to a consumption tax system where payments do not represent an out-of-pocket cost.
Spatial Bayesian modeling of GLCM with application to malignant lesion characterization
Creators: name: Li, Xiao
name: Guindani, Michele
name: S. Ng, Chaan
name: P. Hobbs, Brian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: The emerging field of cancer radiomics endeavors to characterize intrinsic patterns of tumor phenotypes and surrogate markers of response by transforming medical images into objects that yield quantifiable summary statistics to which regression and machine learning algorithms may be applied for statistical interrogation. Recent literature has identified clinicopathological association based on textural features deriving from gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCM) which facilitate evaluations of gray-level spatial dependence within a delineated region of interest. GLCM-derived features, however, tend to contribute highly redundant information. Moreover, when reporting selected feature sets, investigators often fail to adjust for multiplicities and commonly fail to convey the predictive power of their findings. This article presents a Bayesian probabilistic modeling framework for the GLCM as a multivariate object as well as describes its application within a cancer detection context based on computed tomography. The methodology, which circumvents processing steps and avoids evaluations of reductive and highly correlated feature sets, uses latent Gaussian Markov random field structure to characterize spatial dependencies among GLCM cells and facilitates classification via predictive probability. Correctly predicting the underlying pathology of 81% of the adrenal lesions in our case study, the proposed method outperformed current practices which achieved a maximum accuracy of only 59%. Simulations and theory are presented to further elucidate this comparison as well as ascertain the utility of applying multivariate Gaussian spatial processes to GLCM objects.
The Power of Sport Communication: Bridging Divides and Inspiring Change
Creators: name: Coombs, Hayden
Publisher: name: SUU Press
Year: 2024

description: Forward for the Utah Journal of Communication, number 2, volume 2. This special issue is themed on the topic of Sport Communication. Written by the editor-in-chief of the Utah Journal of Communication, Dr. Hayden V. Coombs. This forward underscores the transformative role sports communication plays in society. Referencing Nelson Mandela's perspective on the unifying and inspiring potential of sports, Coombs emphasizes the discipline’s capacity to transcend entertainment, shaping societal values, promoting social progress, and addressing critical issues like mental health, gender equality, and athlete welfare. The forward introduces the journal's special issue on sports communication, which features research from both established and emerging scholars. The articles cover a wide range of topics, from media framing and visual rhetoric to the role of digital media in fan engagement. Coombs highlights the interdisciplinary nature of the field, noting its ability to foster collaboration and inform policies that enhance the cultural significance of sports. This issue serves as a testament to the growing academic recognition of sports communication as a vital tool for understanding and influencing modern society.
Linear Response Analysis of the Semiclassical Approximation to Spin 1/2 Quantum Electrodynamics in 1+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Newsome, Ian M.
name: Anderson, Paul R.
name: Grotzke, Eric M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An investigation of the validity of the semiclassical approximation to quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions is given. The criterion for validity used here involves the impact of quantum fluctuations introduced through a two-point function which emerges naturally when considering the stability of the backreaction equation to linear order perturbations, resulting in the linear response equation. Consideration is given to the case of a spatially homogeneous electric field generated by a classical source, coupled to a quantized massive spin 1/2 field. Solutions to the linear response equation as well as the impact of quantum fluctuations introduced through the current density two-point correlation function are presented for two relevant electric field-to-mass parameter values $qE/m^2$, indicative of the strength of the backreaction process. Previous efforts utilized approximate solutions to the linear response equation that were expected to be valid for early times. A comparative analysis is given between the exact and approximate solutions in order to validate this conjecture.
description: Published version, an appendix was added, minor changes and corrections, references added, 32 pages, 5 figures
Systematic generation of the cascade of anomalous dynamical first and higher-order modes in Floquet topological insulators
Creators: name: Ghosh, Arnob Kumar
name: Nag, Tanay
name: Saha, Arijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After extensive investigation on the Floquet second-order topological insulator (FSOTI) in two dimension (2D), here we propose two driving schemes to systematically engineer the hierarchy of Floquet first-order topological insulator, FSOTI, and Floquet third-order topological insulator in three dimension (3D). Our driving protocols allow these Floquet phases to showcase regular $0$, anomalous $π$, and hybrid $0$-$π$-modes in a unified phase diagram, obtained for both 2D and 3D systems, while staring from the lower order topological or non-topological phases. Both the step drive and the mass kick protocols exhibit the analogous structure of the evolution operator around the high symmetry points. These eventually enable us to understand the Floquet phase diagrams analytically and the Floquet higher order modes numerically based on finite size systems. The number of $0$ and $π$-modes can be tuned irrespective of the frequency in the step drive scheme while we observe frequency driven topological phase transitions for the mass kick protocol. We topologically characterize some of these higher order Floquet phases (harboring either $0$ or anomalous $π$ mode) by suitable topological invariant in 2D and 3D cases.
description: This is the published version
New Chandrasekhar transformation in Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Nakajima, Hiroaki
name: Lin, Wenbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new type of Chandrasekhar transformation in Kerr spacetime using the different tortoise coordinate, which is useful for exact analysis to study Teukolsky equation with arbitrary frequency. We also give the interpretation of our transformation using the formalism of the quantum Seiberg-Witten geometry.
description: 14 pages, accepted for publication in PRD