cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Renormalization group and diffusion equation
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Masami
name: Tanaka, Gota
name: Tsuchiya, Asato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between the renormalization group and the diffusion equation. We consider the exact renormalization group equation for a scalar field that includes an arbitrary cutoff function and an arbitrary quadratic seed action. As a generalization of the result obtained by Sonoda and Suzuki, we find that the correlation functions of diffused fields with respect to the bare action agree with those of bare fields with respect to the effective action, where the diffused field obeys a generalized diffusion equation determined by the cutoff function and the seed action and agrees with the bare field at the initial time.
description: 16 pages, published version
Effects of seismic anisotropy and attenuation on first-arrival waveforms recorded at the Asse II nuclear repository
Creators: name: Sortan, Sonia-Adelina
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: seismic anisotropy
attenuation
radioactive waste
finite differences

description: For decades, deep geological storage in former salt mines has been a widely recognized strategy for long-term radioactive waste disposal. However, in the case of the Asse II repository in Lower Saxony, groundwater inflow and instabilities in the geological structures rendered the mine unusable as a long-term solution. The nuclear waste needs to be recovered on grounds of safety reasons, hence the need for detailed structural information in order to build a new shaft. In this context, it is essential to use optimized, modern seismic imaging methods, such as, for instance, full-waveform inversion (FWI), to obtain high-resolution, physical parameter models of the Asse salt structure and its surroundings. The goal of this thesis is to draw conclusions on the future application of elastic FWI using first-arrival waveforms at frequencies up to 20 Hz, potentially including anisotropy and attenuation. For this purpose, simple parameter models were created based on previously known geological information and used as references for synthetic forward modeling tests. The objectives were (a) to see if the models are suitable as initial models for FWI, (b) to assess what type of anisotropy needs to be considered, if at all, and (c) to investigate the significance of attenuation. To facilitate the numerical tests, the mathematics of viscoelastic anisotropic wave propagation was studied and a new 2D finite-difference (FD) anisotropic forward solver was implemented. A detailed comparison of wavefield snapshots and seismograms was conducted between isotropic, vertical-transverse isotropic (VTI), and tilted-transverse isotropic (TTI), as well as elastic and viscoelastic modeling. The results demonstrate that, in general, the models are likely to meet the prerequisites for the successful application of first-arrival FWI up to frequencies of about 20 Hz. While attenuation turned out to be only a minor factor, it is, however, essential to incorporate anisotropy. As the Asse salt structure is complex and steeply dipping, TTI modeling is the preferred way to correctly map the subsurface in high resolution and match first-arrival traveltimes. Furthermore, a comparison with field data acquired over the Asse hill shows that many features present in that data can already be explained using the current approach.
Nutty dyons
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs theory presents nontrivial solutions with a NUT charge. These solutions approach asymptotically the Taub-NUT spacetime and generalize the known dyon black hole configurations. The main properties of the solutions and the differences with respect to the asymptotically flat case are discussed. We find that a nonabelian magnetic monopole placed in the field of gravitational dyon necessarily acquires an electric field, while the magnetic charge may take arbitrary values.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, discussion extended, typos corrected
Trace inequalities in nonextensive statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Furuichi, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this short paper, we establish a variational expression of the Tsallis relative entropy. In addition, we derive a generalized thermodynamic inequality and a generalized Peierls-Bogoliubov inequality. Finally we give a generalized Golden-Thompson inequality.
Is X(3872) {\sl Really} a Molecular State?
Creators: name: Liu, Yan-Rui
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Deng, Wei-Zhen
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After taking into account both the pion and sigma meson exchange potential, we have performed a dynamical calculation of the $D^0\bar{D}^{\ast0}$ system. The $σ$ meson exchange potential is repulsive from heavy quark symmetry and numerically important for a loosely bound system. Our analysis disfavors the interpretation of X(3872) as a loosely bound molecular state if we use the experimental $D^\ast Dπ$ coupling constant $g=0.59$ and a reasonable cutoff around 1 GeV, which is the typical hadronic scale. Bound state solutions with negative eigenvalues for the $D\bar{D}^\ast$ system exist only with either a very large coupling constant (two times of the experimental value) or a large cutoff ($Λ\sim 6$ GeV or $β\sim 6$ GeV$^2$). In contrast, there probably exists a loosely bound S-wave $B\bar{B}^\ast$ molecular state. Once produced, such a molecular state would be rather stable since its dominant decay mode is the radiative decay through $B^\ast\to B γ$. Experimental search of these states will be very interesting.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 9 tables. The version to appear in EPJC
Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Biopolymer Gels Using Neural Networks Trained on Discrete Fiber Network Data
Creators: name: Leng, Yue
name: Tac, Vahidullah
name: Calve, Sarah
name: Tepole, Adrian Buganza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biopolymer gels, such as those made out of fibrin or collagen, are widely used in tissue engineering applications and biomedical research. Moreover, fibrin naturally assembles into gels in vivo during wound healing and thrombus formation. Macroscale biopolymer gel mechanics are dictated by the microscale fiber network. Hence, accurate description of biopolymer gels can be achieved using representative volume elements (RVE) that explicitly model the discrete fiber networks of the microscale. These RVE models, however, cannot be efficiently used to model the macroscale due to the challenges and computational demands of multiscale coupling. Here, we propose the use of an artificial, fully connected neural network (FCNN) to efficiently capture the behavior of the RVE models. The FCNN was trained on 1100 fiber networks subjected to 121 biaxial deformations. The stress data from the RVE, together with the total energy and the condition of incompressibility of the surrounding matrix, were used to determine the derivatives of an unknown strain energy function with respect to the deformation invariants. During training, the loss function was modified to ensure convexity of the strain energy function and symmetry of its Hessian. A general FCNN model was coded into a user material subroutine (UMAT) in the software Abaqus. In this work, the FCNN trained on the discrete fiber network data was used in finite element simulations of fibrin gels using our UMAT. We anticipate that this work will enable further integration of machine learning tools with computational mechanics. It will also improve computational modeling of biological materials characterized by a multiscale structure.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, for associated files please see https://bitbucket.org/buganzalab/nn_rve/src/master/
Elicitation of evidentials
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Escamilla, Ramón
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio files VP-280717-03a/c: Evidentials; based on de Haan 2005 ("Encoding Speaker Perspective: Evidentials," In Frajzyngier, Z., A. Hodges, and D.S. Rood (eds.), Linguistic Diversity and Language Theories, 379-397, Amsterdam: John Benjamins); evidentials visual -ye:/e:, inferential xola:n, non-visual sensory -ts'eh/-ts'iw, and quotative/reportative ch'in (whose status is the object of inquiry here, with indirect quotative prompts such as 'My brother told me his leg was hurting' vs. My brother said 'My leg hurts!').
The Effect of Lane and Shoulder Widths on Accident Reductions on Rural, Two-Lane Roads
Creators: name: Zegeer, Charles V.
name: Deen, Robert C.
name: Mayes, Jesse G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of lane and shoulder widths on accident benefits for rural, two-lane roads and also to determine the expected cost effectiveness of widening lanes and shoulders. Information concerning geometries, accidents, and traffic volumes was obtained for over 25,000 km (15,000 miles) of roads.  Run-off-road and opposite-direction accidents were the only accident types found to be associated with narrow lanes and shoulders. Wide lanes had accident rates 10 to 39 percent lower than for narrow lanes. Wide shoulders (up to 2.7 m (9 feet)) were associated with the lower accident rates. Criteria based on a cost-effectiveness approach were developed for selecting highway sections for widening.
Topological Filters for Solitons in Coupled Waveguides Networks
Creators: name: Burioni, R.
name: Cassi, D.
name: Sodano, P.
name: Trombettoni, A.
name: Vezzani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of discrete solitons on chains of coupled optical waveguides where finite networks of waveguides are inserted at some points. By properly selecting the topology of these networks, it is possible to control the transmission of traveling solitons: we show here that inhomogeneous waveguide networks may be used as filters for soliton propagation. Our results provide a first step in the understanding of the interplay/competition between topology and nonlinearity for soliton dynamics in optical fibers.
A Physical Model for Microstructural Characterization and Segmentation of 3D Tomography Data
Creators: name: Brenne, Elise Otterlei
name: Dahl, Vedrana Andersen
name: Jørgensen, Peter Stanley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present a novel method for characterizing the microstructure of a material from volumetric datasets such as 3D image data from computed tomography (CT). The method is based on a new statistical model for the distribution of voxel intensities and gradient magnitudes, incorporating prior knowledge about the physical nature of the imaging process. It allows for direct quantification of parameters of the imaged sample like volume fractions, interface areas and material density, and parameters related to the imaging process like image resolution and noise levels. Existing methods for characterization from 3D images often require segmentation of the data, a procedure where each voxel is labeled according to the best guess of which material it represents. Through our approach, the segmentation step is circumvented so that errors and computational costs related to this part of the image processing pipeline are avoided. Instead, the material parameters are quantified through their known relation to parameters of our model which is fitted directly to the raw, unsegmented data. We present an automated model fitting procedure that gives reproducible results without human bias and enables automatic analysis of large sets of tomograms. For more complex structure analysis questions, a segmentation is still beneficial. We show that our model can be used as input to existing probabilistic methods, providing a segmentation that is based on the physics of the imaged sample. Because our model accounts for mixed-material voxels stemming from blurring inherent to the imaging technique, we reduce the errors that other methods can create at interfaces between materials.
description: Manuscript accepted for publication in Materials Characterization
Engineering Properties of Two Spent Shales and Minus 1/4-Inch Raw Shale for the Means Project
Creators: name: Drnevich, Vincent P.
name: Allen, David L.
name: Hopkins, Tommy C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A geotechnical investigation was performed to determine the physical properties (classification) and engineering properties of the Sunbury oil shale from a proposed oil shale mining site in Montgomery County (Means Project). Three materials were recieved in sealed metal drums and were labeled Raw Oil Shale (only material less than 0.25 inch), Sunbury, spent shale, and Sunbury shale (2.5-inch to 1/4-inch). The material labeled Sunbury, spent shale, (hereafter referred to as Spent Shale No. 1), has very little fines and the particles were angular in shape. The Sunbury, spent shale, 2.5-inch to 0.25 inch, (hereafter referred to as Spent Shale No. 2), was subangular or rounded in shape. The various types of geotechnical laboratory tests performed on these materials are listed in Table 1.
Krause, Gerhard, Müller, Gerhard: Theologische Realenzyklopädie
Creators: name: Krüger, Hanfried
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 34 Nr. 1 (1985): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 34, Heft 1
A deep neural network algorithm for semilinear elliptic PDEs with applications in insurance mathematics
Creators: name: Kremsner, Stefan
name: Steinicke, Alexander
name: Szölgyenyi, Michaela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H35, 65N75, 68T07

description: In insurance mathematics optimal control problems over an infinite time horizon arise when computing risk measures. Their solutions correspond to solutions of deterministic semilinear (degenerate) elliptic partial differential equations. In this paper we propose a deep neural network algorithm for solving such partial differential equations in high dimensions. The algorithm is based on the correspondence of elliptic partial differential equations to backward stochastic differential equations with random terminal time.
Hysteretic optimization for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass
Creators: name: Pal, Karoly F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hysteretic optimization is a heuristic optimization method based on the observation that magnetic samples are driven into a low energy state when demagnetized by an oscillating magnetic field of decreasing amplitude. We show that hysteretic optimization is very good for finding ground states of Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass systems. With this method it is possible to get good statistics for ground state energies for large samples of systems consisting of up to about 2000 spins. The way we estimate error rates may be useful for some other optimization methods as well. Our results show that both the average and the width of the ground state energy distribution converges faster with increasing size than expected from earlier studies.
description: Physica A, accepted
Gravity from a Modified Commutator
Creators: name: Jackson, Mark G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a suitably chosen position-momentum commutator can elegantly describe many features of gravity, including the IR/UV correspondence and dimensional reduction (`holography'). Using the most simplistic example based on dimensional analysis of black holes, we construct a commutator which qualitatively exhibits these novel properties of gravity. Dimensional reduction occurs because the quanta size grow quickly with momenta, and thus cannot be "packed together" as densely as naively expected. We conjecture that a more precise form of this commutator should be able to quantitatively reproduce all of these features.
description: 8 pages; Honorable Mention in the 2005 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition; v2: acknowledgments added
Design of Oil Shale Disposal Embankment
Creators: name: Drnevich, Vincent P.
name: Hopkins, Tommy C.
name: Hale, Samuel S.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Mining processes and associated regulations for oil shale development in eastern United States are discussed with emphasis given to overburden and spent shale disposal at the mining site. Curves are presented which allow for quick determination of stripping ratios, overburden quantities and oil shale quantities. Procedures are outlined for determining quantities of materials to be disposed and graphs are given for sizing various zones of the disposal embankment. These procedures are demonstrated with an example.  Stability of slopes and magnitude of settlement are functions of the engineering properties of the embankment materials. Procedures for obtaining these data are from field exploration and laboratory tests are given. Some of these data can be estimated from inexpensive index tests.  Details of excavation, preparation of embankment foundation, and of construction are given. Compaction equipment, procedures, specifications, and control are all addressed.  Techniques for analyzing the stability of slopes are examined and several examples are provided. Finally, procedures for estimating magnitude and rate of settlement are given. Since oil shale operations are new to this region, it is recommended that initial embankment construction operations and embankment performance be monitored closely. Adjustments based on the observed performance should improve the economics of the disposal operation.
Production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and $ϕ$ mesons in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.44$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of the production of pions, kaons, (anti-)protons and $ϕ$ mesons at midrapidity in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.44$ TeV is presented. Transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) spectra and $p_{\rm T}$-integrated yields are extracted in several centrality intervals bridging from p-Pb to mid-central Pb-Pb collisions in terms of final-state multiplicity. The study of Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb collisions allows systems at similar charged-particle multiplicities but with different initial geometrical eccentricities to be investigated. A detailed comparison of the spectral shapes in the two systems reveals an opposite behaviour for radial and elliptic flow. In particular, this study shows that the radial flow does not depend on the colliding system when compared at similar charged-particle multiplicity. In terms of hadron chemistry, the previously observed smooth evolution of particle ratios with multiplicity from small to large collision systems is also found to hold in Xe-Xe. In addition, our results confirm that two remarkable features of particle production at LHC energies are also valid in the collision of medium-sized nuclei: the lower proton-to-pion ratio with respect to the thermal model expectations and the increase of the $ϕ$-to-pion ratio with increasing final-state multiplicity.
description: 27 pages, 6 captioned figures, 4 tables, authors from page 22, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/6758
title: Dickens and science: Summaries of contributions related to science in "Household Words" and "All the Year Round" with an introduction
Creators: name: Lai, Shu-Fang
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1999

description: The study is an attempt to find a reasonable basis on which to form an estimate of Dickens's knowledge of science as far as it can be seen in his two weekly journals, Household Words and All the Year Round. Some recent and influential criticism on Dickens by commentators such as George Levine, Gillian Beer and their followers, has pioneered the study of Dickens and Science, and their ideas have also been popularised by Peter Ackroyd, Dickens's major biographer currently in print. They argue or imply that Dickens's knowledge of science was considerable, and that science is part of the very form of his novels, including Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Our Mutual Friend and Great Expectations. However their assertion that Dickens's understanding of the second law of thermodynamics, "entropy," and Darwin's evolutionary theories in his Origin of Species (1859) have influenced his writing is highly questionable, and there is the need to examine what evidence there is for Dickens's knowledge of science in his life, letters, speeches, his library and the journals he edited. A preliminary survey of the scientific works in Dickens's library was undertaken for my M. Litt. The present study continues this work by investigating science in Dickens's journals, and by offering brief summaries of their articles on scientific subjects. An introduction discusses questions about the extent of Dickens's supervision. It looks at reasons for doubting whether it was as close as has sometimes been thought, the problems of inferring Dickens's own views on scientific subjects, and how we can decide whether the articles reflect his personal ideas about creation, man and the universe. The introduction also looks at some of the writers who contributed scientific articles; it shows that, with few exceptions, they were journalists or laymen, and examines how they conveyed to general readers accounts of the new discoveries in astronomy, geology, chemistry and physics. The relationship between Dickens's journals and his fiction is of critical significance. This cross-boundary exploration of Dickens and his journals in relation to science aims to find a reliable methodology for studying Victorian periodicals based on actual reading of them.
Computational approaches to efficient generation of the stationary state for incoherent light excitation
Creators: name: Loaiza, Ignacio
name: Izmaylov, Artur F.
name: Brumer, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light harvesting processes are often computationally studied from a time-dependent viewpoint, in line with ultrafast coherent spectroscopy experiments. Yet, natural processes take place in the presence of incoherent light, which induces a stationary state. Such stationary states can be described using the eigenbasis of the molecular Hamiltonian, but for realistic systems a full diagonalization is prohibitively expensive. We propose three efficient computational approaches to obtaining the stationary state that circumvent system Hamiltonian diagonalization. The connection between the incoherent perturbations, decoherence, and Kraus operators is established.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Highway Skid Resistance
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The physics of friction and traction are reviewed. Hypotheses are presented. Use of a scanning electron microscope to detect and identify polishing aggregate is presented.  Size reduction (crushing) produces greater concentrations of sharp edges, reducing flat and plane surfaces not otherwise contributing to traction.  Surface permeability and drainage through macrotexture was evaluated by an air-percussive device. An air-efflux device was contrived for evaluating hydroplaning potential and for evaluating open-graded surface courses. In-filling has been observed where road debris is abundant.  Grippers and sharpness are needed for wet traction . Drainage is needed to lower hydroplaning potentials. Sand-sizes optimize the concentration of grippers; open-graded chip-sized surfaces maximize drainage and dissipation of pressure under tires.
Experimental quantum communication complexity
Creators: name: Trojek, Pavel
name: Schmid, Christian
name: Bourennane, Mohamed
name: Brukner, Caslav
name: Zukowski, Marek
name: Weinfurter, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the fidelity of two exemplary communication complexity protocols, allowing for an N-1 bit communication, can be exponentially improved by N-1 (unentangled) qubit communication. Taking into account, for a fair comparison, all inefficiencies of state-of-the-art set-up, the experimental implementation outperforms the best classical protocol, making it the candidate for multi-party quantum communication applications.
description: 4 pages, 2 eps figures, RevTEX4; submitted June 23, 2004
Physical Parameters of the Multi-Planet Systems HD 106315 and GJ 9827
Creators: name: Kosiarek, Molly R.
name: Berardo, David A.
name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Laguna, Cesar
name: Piaulet, Caroline
name: Murphy, Joseph M. Akana
name: Howell, Steve B.
name: Henry, Gregory W.
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Fulton, Benjamin
name: Weiss, Lauren M.
name: Petigura, Erik A.
name: Behmard, Aida
name: Hirsch, Lea A.
name: Teske, Johanna
name: Burt, Jennifer A.
name: Mills, Sean M.
name: Chontos, Ashley
name: Mocnik, Teo
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Werner, Michael
name: Livingston, John H.
name: Krick, Jessica
name: Beichman, Charles
name: Gorjian, Varoujan
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Morley, Caroline
name: Christiansen, Jessie L.
name: Morales, Farisa Y.
name: Scott, Nicholas J.
name: Crane, Jeffrey D.
name: Wang, Sharon Xuesong
name: Shectman, Stephen A.
name: Rosenthal, Lee J.
name: Grunblatt, Samuel K.
name: Rubenzahl, Ryan A.
name: Dalba, Paul A.
name: Giacalone, Steven
name: Villanueva, Chiara Dane
name: Liu, Qingtian
name: Dai, Fei
name: Hill, Michelle L.
name: Rice, Malena
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Mayo, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HD 106315 and GJ 9827 are two bright, nearby stars that host multiple super-Earths and sub-Neptunes discovered by K2 that are well suited for atmospheric characterization. We refined the planets' ephemerides through Spitzer transits, enabling accurate transit prediction required for future atmospheric characterization through transmission spectroscopy. Through a multi-year high-cadence observing campaign with Keck/HIRES and Magellan/PFS, we improved the planets' mass measurements in anticipation of HST transmission spectroscopy. For GJ 9827, we modeled activity-induced radial velocity signals with a Gaussian process informed from the Calcium II H&K lines in order to more accurately model the effect of stellar noise on our data. We found planet masses of M$_b$=$4.87\pm 0.37$ M$_\oplus$, M$_c$=$1.92\pm 0.49$ M$_\oplus$, and M$_d$=$3.42\pm 0.62$ M$_\oplus$. For HD 106315, we found that such activity-radial velocity decorrelation was not effective due to the reduced presence of spots and speculate that this may extend to other hot stars as well (T$_{\rm {eff}}>6200$ K). We found planet masses of M$_b$=$10.5\pm 3.1$ M$_\oplus$ and M$_c$=$12.0\pm 3.8$ M$_\oplus$. We investigated all of the planets' compositions through comparing their masses and radii to a range of interior models. GJ 9827 b and GJ 9827 c are both consistent with an Earth-like rocky composition, GJ 9827 d and HD 106315 b both require additional volatiles and are consistent with moderate amounts of water or hydrogen/helium, and HD 106315 c is consistent with 10% hydrogen/helium surrounding an Earth-like rock and iron core.
Proper motion Pleiades candidate L-type brown dwarfs
Creators: name: Bihain, G.
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Bejar, V. J. S.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.
name: Mundt, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of an optical and near-infrared (IR) 1.8 deg^2 survey in the Pleiades open cluster to search for substellar objects. From optical I-band images from the CFHT and J-band images from the 3.5 m CAHA Telescope, we identify 18 faint and very red L brown dwarf candidates, with I> 20.9 and I-J> 3.2. The follow-up observations of nine objects in the H- and Ks-bands confirm that eight belong to the IR sequence of the cluster and the proper motion measurements of seven candidates confirm that they are Pleiades members. A preliminary estimation of the substellar mass spectrum dN/dM in the form of a power law M^-alpha provides alpha=0.57+-0.14. We extrapolate this function to estimate the number of very low-mass brown dwarfs and planetary mass objects that could be present in the cluster down to 1 M_Jup. Sensitive searches combining far red and near infrared observations may unveal these objects in a near future.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, ULMSF Workshop, accepted for publication in Astron. Nachrichten
An Internal Cluster Validity Index Using a Distance-based Separability Measure
Creators: name: Guan, Shuyue
name: Loew, Murray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. There are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning. Thus, a number of internal evaluations, which use predicted labels and data, have been created. They are also named internal cluster validity indices (CVIs). Without true labels, to design an effective CVI is not simple because it is similar to create a clustering method. And, to have more CVIs is crucial because there is no universal CVI that can be used to measure all datasets, and no specific method for selecting a proper CVI for clusters without true labels. Therefore, to apply more CVIs to evaluate clustering results is necessary. In this paper, we propose a novel CVI - called Distance-based Separability Index (DSI), based on a data separability measure. We applied the DSI and eight other internal CVIs including early studies from Dunn (1974) to most recent studies CVDD (2019) as comparison. We used an external CVI as ground truth for clustering results of five clustering algorithms on 12 real and 97 synthetic datasets. Results show DSI is an effective, unique, and competitive CVI to other compared CVIs. In addition, we summarized the general process to evaluate CVIs and created a new method - rank difference - to compare the results of CVIs.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by IEEE ICTAI 2020 (Long Paper & Oral Presentation)
Cosmic rays and the magnetic field of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253
Creators: name: Heesen, V.
name: Dettmar, R. -J.
name: Krause, M.
name: Beck, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using radio polarimetry we study the connection between the transport of cosmic rays (CR's), the three-dimensional magnetic field structure, and features of other ISM phases in the halo of NGC 253. We present a new sensitive radio continuum map of NGC 253 obtained from combined VLA and Effelsberg observations at lambda 6.2 cm. We find a prominent radio halo with a scaleheight of the thick radio disk of 1.7 kpc. The linear dependence between the local scaleheight of the vertical continuum emission and the cosmic ray electron (CRE) lifetime requires a vertical CR bulk speed of 270 km s^-1. The magnetic field structure of NGC 253 resembles an ``X''-shaped configuration where the orientation of the large-scale magnetic field is plane-parallel only in the inner regions of the disk and at small distances from the galactic midplane. At larger galactocentric radii and further away from the midplane the vertical component becomes important. This is most clearly visible at the location of the ``radio spur'' southeast of the nucleus, where the magnetic field orientation is almost vertical. We made a simple model for the dominant toroidal (r,phi) magnetic field component using a spiral magnetic field with prescribed inclination and pitch angle. The residual poloidal (r,phi,z) magnetic field component which was revealed by subtracting the model from the observations shows a distinct ``X''-shaped magnetic field orientation centered on the nucleus. The orientation angle of the poloidal magnetic field is consistent with a magnetic field transport described by the superposition of the vertical CR bulk speed and the rotation velocity. Hence, we propose a disk wind which transports cosmic rays, magnetic field, and (partially) ionized gas from the disk into the halo.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, in the proceedings of the conference: "From planets to dark energy: the modern radio universe", Manchester, October 2007
The Kaon B-parameter from Quenched Domain-Wall QCD
Creators: name: Aoki, Y.
name: Blum, T.
name: Christ, N. H.
name: Dawson, C.
name: Izubuchi, T.
name: Mawhinney, R. D.
name: Noaki, J.
name: Ohta, S.
name: Orginos, K.
name: Soni, A.
name: Yamada, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical results for the kaon B-parameter, B_K, determined in the quenched approximation of lattice QCD. Our simulations are performed using domain-wall fermions and the renormalization group improved, DBW2 gauge action which combine to give quarks with good chiral symmetry at finite lattice spacing. Operators are renormalized non-perturbatively using the RI/MOM scheme. We study scaling by performing the simulation on two different lattices with a^{-1} = 1.982(30) and 2.914(54) GeV. We combine this quenched scaling study with an earlier calculation of B_K using two flavors of dynamical, domain-wall quarks at a single lattice spacing to obtain B_K(MS,NDR,mu=2GeV)=0.563(21)(39)(30), were the first error is statistical, the second systematic (without quenching errors) and the third estimates the error due to quenching.
description: 77 pages, 44 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Aharonov-Bohm Effect in Three-dimensional Higher-order Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Luo, Kun
name: Geng, Hao
name: Sheng, Li
name: Chen, Wei
name: Xing, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hinge states are the hallmark of the 3D higher-order topological insulator(HOTI). Here, we show that chiral hinge states can be identified by the magnetic field induced Aharonov-Bohm(AB) oscillation of the electron conductance in the interferometer constructed by HOTI and normal metal. Unlike AB interferometer of 3D topological insulator(TI), we find that there are different AB oscillation frequencies for a given direction of magnetic field in 3D HOTI. And the oscillation frequencies are also strongly depending on the direction of magnetic field. The main conclusion in our work is that there exists a universal linear relation between different oscillation frequencies. Here, by constructing an interference model of hinge states loops, we show both analytically and numerically that the linear relation is fulfilled in the HOTI effective model. The four basic frequencies in the work are labeled as $ω_x$, $ω_y$, $ω_{x+y}$, $ω_{x-y}$ and the main linear relations we demonstrate here are $ω_{x\pm y}=ω_x \pm ω_y$. These results provide an effective way for the identification of the chiral hinge states, and the oscillation signatures are stable with different sample size and bias.
Control of spin relaxation in semiconductor double quantum dots
Creators: name: Wang, Y. Y.
name: Wu, M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to manipulate the spin relaxation in vertically coupled semiconductor double quantum dots. Up to {\em twelve} orders of magnitude variation of the spin relaxation time can be achieved by a small gate voltage applied vertically on the double dot. Different effects such as the dot size, barrier height, inter-dot distance, and magnetic field on the spin relaxation are investigated in detail. The condition to achieve a large variation is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in PRB
Elicitation of indefinite proforms
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Escamilla, Ramón
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-280717-01: indefinite proforms, based on Pam Munro's work ("The Typology of Indefinite Pronouns: What Do Oklahoma Languages Have to Say?" Handout, Oklahoma Workshop on Native American Languages), following Haspelmath; some work on scalar notions, e.g. 58:00 'I even saw Justin there'.
Phase diagram of the two-dimensional dipolar Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and the Ising anisotropy
Creators: name: Komatsu, Hisato
name: Nonomura, Yoshihiko
name: Nishino, Masamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study phase transitions in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the Ising anisotropy ($η$), and the dipolar interaction under zero and finite magnetic fields ($H$). For three typical strengths (zero, weak, and strong) of the dipolar interaction, we present the $H$-$η$ phase diagrams by estimating order parameters for skyrmion-lattice and helical phases and in-plane magnetization by using a Monte Carlo method with an $O(N)$ algorithm. We find in the phase diagrams three types of skyrmion-lattice phases, i.e., two square lattices and a triangular lattice, helical phases with diagonal and vertical (or horizontal) stripes, canted ferromagnetic phase and polarized ferromagnetic phase. The effect of the dipolar interaction varies the types of the skyrmion and helical phases in a complex manner. The dipolar interaction also expands the regions of the ordered phases accompanying shifts of the phase boundaries to the positive $H$ and $η$ directions, and causes increase of the density of skyrmions and shortening of the pitch length (stripe width) of helical structures. We discuss the details of the features of the phase transitions.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Boosting GWs in Supersolid Inflation
Creators: name: Celoria, Marco
name: Comelli, Denis
name: Pilo, Luigi
name: Rollo, Rocco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation driven by a generic self-gravitating medium is an interesting alternative to study the impact of spontaneous spacetime symmetry breaking during a quasi de-Sitter phase, in particular the 4-dimensional diffeomorphism invariance of GR is spontaneously broken down to $ISO(3)$. The effective description is based on four scalar fields that describe the excitations of a supersolid. There are two phonon-like propagating scalar degrees of freedom that mix non-trivially both at early and late times and, after exiting the horizon, give rise to non-trivial correlations among the different scalar power spectra. The non-linear structure of the theory allows a secondary gravitational waves production during inflation, efficient enough to saturate the present experimental bound and with a blue-tilted spectral index.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures. Few typos corrected and comments added
Figures of merit for stellarators near the magnetic axis
Creators: name: Landreman, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new paradigm for rapid stellarator configuration design has been recently demonstrated, in which the shapes of quasisymmetric or omnigenous flux surfaces are computed directly using an expansion in small distance from the magnetic axis. To further develop this approach, here we derive several other quantities of interest that can be rapidly computed from this near-axis expansion. First, the $\nabla\vec{B}$ and $\nabla\nabla\vec{B}$ tensors are computed, which can be used for direct derivative-based optimization of electromagnetic coil shapes to achieve the desired magnetic configuration. Moreover, if the norm of these tensors is large compared to the field strength for a given magnetic field, the field must have a short length scale, suggesting it may be hard to produce with coils that are suitably far away. Second, we evaluate the minor radius at which the flux surface shapes would become singular, providing a lower bound on the achievable aspect ratio. This bound is also shown to be related to an equilibrium beta limit. Finally, for configurations that are constructed to achieve a desired magnetic field strength to first order in the expansion, we compute the error field that arises due to second order terms.
Spectral statistics in constrained many-body quantum chaotic systems
Creators: name: Moudgalya, Sanjay
name: Prem, Abhinav
name: Huse, David A.
name: Chan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral statistics of spatially-extended many-body quantum systems with on-site Abelian symmetries or local constraints, focusing primarily on those with conserved dipole and higher moments. In the limit of large local Hilbert space dimension, we find that the spectral form factor $K(t)$ of Floquet random circuits can be mapped exactly to a classical Markov circuit, and, at late times, is related to the partition function of a frustration-free Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK) type Hamiltonian. Through this mapping, we show that the inverse of the spectral gap of the RK-Hamiltonian lower bounds the Thouless time $t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ of the underlying circuit. For systems with conserved higher moments, we derive a field theory for the corresponding RK-Hamiltonian by proposing a generalized height field representation for the Hilbert space of the effective spin chain. Using the field theory formulation, we obtain the dispersion of the low-lying excitations of the RK-Hamiltonian in the continuum limit, which allows us to extract $t_{\mathrm{Th}}$. In particular, we analytically argue that in a system of length $L$ that conserves the $m^{th}$ multipole moment, $t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ scales subdiffusively as $L^{2(m+1)}$. We also show that our formalism directly generalizes to higher dimensional circuits, and that in systems that conserve any component of the $m^{th}$ multipole moment, $t_{\mathrm{Th}}$ has the same scaling with the linear size of the system. Our work therefore provides a general approach for studying spectral statistics in constrained many-body chaotic systems.
description: 18+9 pages, 7 figures v2: New section and appendix extending results to higher dimensions
Computing the Rank and a Small Nullspace Basis of a Polynomial Matrix
Creators: name: Storjohann, Arne
name: Villard, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.1; F.2.1

description: We reduce the problem of computing the rank and a nullspace basis of a univariate polynomial matrix to polynomial matrix multiplication. For an input n x n matrix of degree d over a field K we give a rank and nullspace algorithm using about the same number of operations as for multiplying two matrices of dimension n and degree d. If the latter multiplication is done in MM(n,d)=softO(n^omega d) operations, with omega the exponent of matrix multiplication over K, then the algorithm uses softO(MM(n,d)) operations in K. The softO notation indicates some missing logarithmic factors. The method is randomized with Las Vegas certification. We achieve our results in part through a combination of matrix Hensel high-order lifting and matrix minimal fraction reconstruction, and through the computation of minimal or small degree vectors in the nullspace seen as a K[x]-module
description: Research Report LIP RR2005-03, January 2005
Gluon-Gluon Antenna Functions from Higgs Boson Decay
Creators: name: Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De
name: Gehrmann, T.
name: Glover, E. W. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antenna functions describe the infrared singular behaviour of colour-ordered QCD matrix elements due to the emission of unresolved partons inside an antenna formed by two hard partons. In this paper, we show that antenna functions for hard gluon-gluon pairs can be systematically derived from the effective Lagrangian describing Higgs boson decay into gluons, and compute the the infrared structure of the colour-ordered Higgs boson decay matrix elements at NLO and NNLO.
description: 12 pages
Crushed Rock Bases
Creators: name: Havens, James H.
name: Sharpe, Gary W.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Prepared in cooperation with the US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration.  Gradations containing high, medium, and low percentages of fines were evaluated by laboratory tests and by behavioral responses in situ. Significant differences in strength parameters were not found. Differences in densities were not significant.