cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Substrate- and temperature-controlled divergence in reactions of alcohols with TosMIC catalyzed by BF3 · Et2O: Facile access to sulfinates and sulfones
Creators: name: Pogaku, Naresh
name: Palakodety Radha Krishna
name: Y. Lakshmi Prapurna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: An efficient BF3 · Et2O-catalyzed divergent synthesis of sulfinate esters and sulfones through C–O and C–S bond formation has been achieved from alcohols and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC). Various alcohols reacted smoothly with TosMIC under the present conditions at room temperature providing sulfinate esters exclusively. By tuning the reaction temperature, the alcohols that provide highly stabilized carbocation in the reaction medium afforded sulfones as sole products. This study was aimed at understanding the regioselectivity of ambidentate sulfinate ion and to elucidate the interpretation of sulfinate/sulfone scaffolds.
Design and Testing of the NCTU Micro-Orifice Cascade Impactor (NMCI) for the Measurement of Nanoparticle Size Distributions
Creators: name: Chien, Chih-Liang
name: Tien, Chi-Yu
name: Liu, Chun-Nan
name: Ye, Huajun
name: Huang, Wei
name: Tsai, Chuen-Jinn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biophysics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering

description: The NCTU micro-orifice cascade impactor (NMCI) was redesigned and tested to enable the measurement and adjustment of the jet-to-plate distance (S) of the impactors by using a micrometer. Each stage of the NMCI contains an impaction plate and a nozzle plate which are separated. The bottom casing for impaction plate assembly and the nozzle plate holder of each stage are separated. Calibration results show that the cutoff aerodynamic diameter (dpa50) of the three lower stages (dpa50 = 180, 100, and 56 nm) are close to the nominal values given in Marple et al. (1991). In addition, the S/W (W: nozzle diameter) effects on the dpa50 for the three lower stages were investigated and an empirical equation was developed to facilitate the prediction of dpa50 when the nozzle diameters may change slightly from one batch to another. The relationship between the nozzle diameter and pressure drop of the micro-orifice impactors at the fixed operational flow rate of 30 L/min was also established so that the nozzle diameters can be predicted from the pressure drop measurement. An empirical equation was proposed to express the correlation between the dimensionless cutoff size and the S/W ratio when considering isentropic flow to facilitate the design of micro-orifice impactors for S/W > 4. It is expected that the present NMCI could improve the accuracy of size classification of submicron particles below 180 nm, especially for nanoparticles.
Design and Testing of the NCTU Micro-Orifice Cascade Impactor (NMCI) for the Measurement of Nanoparticle Size Distributions
Creators: name: Chien, Chih-Liang
name: Tien, Chi-Yu
name: Liu, Chun-Nan
name: Ye, Huajun
name: Huang, Wei
name: Tsai, Chuen-Jinn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biophysics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering

description: The NCTU micro-orifice cascade impactor (NMCI) was redesigned and tested to enable the measurement and adjustment of the jet-to-plate distance (S) of the impactors by using a micrometer. Each stage of the NMCI contains an impaction plate and a nozzle plate which are separated. The bottom casing for impaction plate assembly and the nozzle plate holder of each stage are separated. Calibration results show that the cutoff aerodynamic diameter (dpa50) of the three lower stages (dpa50 = 180, 100, and 56 nm) are close to the nominal values given in Marple et al. (1991). In addition, the S/W (W: nozzle diameter) effects on the dpa50 for the three lower stages were investigated and an empirical equation was developed to facilitate the prediction of dpa50 when the nozzle diameters may change slightly from one batch to another. The relationship between the nozzle diameter and pressure drop of the micro-orifice impactors at the fixed operational flow rate of 30 L/min was also established so that the nozzle diameters can be predicted from the pressure drop measurement. An empirical equation was proposed to express the correlation between the dimensionless cutoff size and the S/W ratio when considering isentropic flow to facilitate the design of micro-orifice impactors for S/W > 4. It is expected that the present NMCI could improve the accuracy of size classification of submicron particles below 180 nm, especially for nanoparticles.Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
29.06.2019 Circus Sessions ii, 2019 Post Performance Discussion about research and development at the Toronto Centre for the Arts
Creators: name: Man, Michelle
Publisher: name: Edge Hill University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 190499 Performing Arts and Creative Writing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Michelle Man was principle investigator and facilitator of Circus Sessions 2019, an international Canadian Arts Council funded research and development project that brought together fourteen female artists from five different countries. Collaborating with accessibility facilitator Alex Blumer and the artistic organization Femmes du Feu, the project culminated in two performances at the Toronto Centre of the Arts, Canada. Taking as its starting point notions of conviviality or 'convivencia' in artistic collaborative processes, the embodied research in Circus Sessions took as its foci positive receptivity, hospitality and fascination as creative tools in collective devising processes. Recognizing risk as inherent in circus technique and performance, this project that worked with a select group of mature female artists, sought to question what risks and acts of empowerment might be attached to identity making and artistic expression for the maturing circus artist. By facilitating working environments of conviviality, which resonate with the prevalent concerns in contemporary socio cultural theory (Gilroy, 2004; Wise and Noble, 2016), new ways of recognising with-ness, and negotiating tensions that arose from cultural-artistic difference were found.
The Reciprocal Calculation Procedure for Setting Occupational Exposure Limits for Hydrocarbon Solvents: An Update
Creators: name: McKee, Richard H.
name: M. David Adenuga
name: Juan-Carlos Carrillo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions, often with complex compositions. Due to the potential for human exposure, primarily to the more volatile solvents, substantial effort has been directed towards the development of occupational exposure recommendations. Because of the complex and variable nature of these substances, a proposed approach is to calculate occupational exposure levels (OELs) using an adaptation of the mixture formula developed by the ACGIH® in which “group guidance values” are assigned to similar constituents. This approach is supported by the results of toxicological studies of hydrocarbon solvents and their constituents which have shown that, with a few, well characterized exceptions, these substances have similar toxicological properties and produce additive effects. The objective of the present document is to summarize recommended revisions to the earlier proposals; these recommendations take into account recent toxicological information and changes in regulatory advice. Practical demonstrations on how to use these recommendations to develop occupational exposure advice in different situations (from simple complex solvents to blends of complex solvents) are also provided. Finally, a quantitative ideal gas method is proposed as a means of calculating occupational exposure limits for solvent blends in which, because the blended components have differing vapor pressures, there may be substantial differences between the liquid and vapor phase compositions.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between IL18RAP rs917997 and CCR3 rs6441961 polymorphisms with celiac disease risks
Creators: name: Yang, Guang
name: Zhang, Baohuan
name: Huang, Weihuang
name: Zhang, Na
name: Dong, Fang
name: Jing, Lipeng
name: Wang, Man
name: Liu, Yang
name: Guo, Congcong
name: Pan, Hongwei
name: Wei, Xiangcai
name: Jing, Chunxia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Medicine

description: Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the polymorphism effects of IL18RAP and CCR3 on celiac disease susceptibility. Methods: PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched (to June 2015) on IL18RAP rs917997 and CCR3 rs6441961 polymorphisms. Results: The meta-analysis included 16 and 7 studies for rs917997 and rs6441961, respectively. The minor risk A allele at both rs917997 and rs6441961 carried risks (odds ratios) of 1.24 (95% CI 1.18–1.31) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.31), respectively. These alleles contributed to increase risks in all celiac disease patients by 5.04 and 6.35%. The estimated lambdas were 0.73 and 0.51, suggesting that an additive model would be the best choice for both gene effects. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides robust estimates that IL18RAP rs917997 and CCR3 rs6441961 are potential risk factors for celiac disease in European populations. Studies are needed to confirm these findings in different ethnicities.
Impact of improving vehicle front design on the burden of pedestrian injuries in Germany, the United States, and India
Creators: name: Moran, Dane
name: Dipan Bose
name: Kavi Bhalla
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: European car design regulations and New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) ratings have led to reductions in pedestrian injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of improving vehicle front design on mortality and morbidity due to pedestrian injuries in a European country (Germany) and 2 countries (the United States and India) that do not have pedestrian-focused NCAP testing or design regulations. Methods: We used data from the International Road Traffic and Accident Database and the Global Burden of Disease project to estimate baseline pedestrian deaths and nonfatal injuries in each country in 2013. The effect of improved passenger car star ratings on probability of pedestrian injury was based on recent evaluations of pedestrian crash data from Germany. The effect of improved heavy motor vehicle (HMV) front end design on pedestrian injuries was based on estimates reported by simulation studies. We used burden of disease methods to estimate population health loss by combining the burden of morbidity and mortality in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost. Results: Extrapolating from evaluations in Germany suggests that improving front end design of cars can potentially reduce the burden of pedestrian injuries due to cars by up to 24% in the United States and 41% in India. In Germany, where cars comply with the United Nations regulation on pedestrian safety, additional improvements would have led to a 1% reduction. Similarly, improved HMV design would reduce DALYs lost by pedestrian victims hit by HMVs by 20% in each country. Overall, improved vehicle design would reduce DALYs lost to road traffic injuries (RTIs) by 0.8% in Germany, 4.1% in the United States, and 6.7% in India. Conclusions: Recent evaluations show a strong correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian scores and real-life pedestrian injuries, suggesting that improved car front end design in Europe has led to substantial reductions in pedestrian injuries. Although the United States has fewer pedestrian crashes, it would nevertheless benefit substantially by adopting similar regulations and instituting pedestrian NCAP testing. The maximum benefit would be realized in low- and middle-income countries like India that have a high proportion of pedestrian crashes. Though crash avoidance technologies are being developed to protect pedestrians, supplemental protection through design regulations may significantly improve injury countermeasures for vulnerable road users.
Substrate and temperature controlled divergence in reactions of alcohols with TosMIC catalyzed by BF3·Et2O: Facile access to sulfinates and sulfones
Creators: name: Pogaku, Naresh
name: Palakodety Radha Krishna
name: Y. Lakshmi Prapurna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: An efficient BF3 · Et2O catalyzed divergent synthesis of sulfinate esters and sulfones via C-O and C-S bond formation has been achieved from alcohols and TosMIC. Various alcohols reacted smoothly with TosMIC under the present conditions at room temperature providing sulfinate esters exclusively. By tuning the reaction temperature, the alcohols that provides highly stabilized carbocation in the reaction medium afforded sulfones as sole products. This study was aimed at understanding the regioselectivity of ambidentate sulfinate ion and to elucidate the interpretation of sulfinate/sulfone scaffolds.
Longitudinal Impact on Quality of Life for School-aged Children with Amblyopia Treatment: Perspective from Children
Creators: name: Chen, Yanyan
name: Chen, Xinhong
name: Chen, Jie
name: Zheng, Jingwei
name: Xu, Jinling
name: Yu, Xinping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Background: To evaluate the longitudinal impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) during amblyopia treatment for school-aged children from children’s perspective. Methods: School-aged children prescribed amblyopia treatment for the first time were recruited into the current study. Using a questionnaire, subjects’ HRQOL was assessed before patching treatment, and at 8 weeks and 16 weeks after the commencement of patching treatment. Evaluation of visual function and psychosocial aspect was included in the questionnaire. Visual acuity and demographic data of the subjects were recorded. Results: Forty-four children, aged 7–12 years, with anisometropic amblyopia were included in the study. Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye improved 1.90 (0.41–3.74) and 3.98 (2.22–5.11) lines at follow-up weeks 8 and 16, respectively. Both the total score and subscales of the questionnaire were reduced at the first follow-up and recovered at the second follow-up. Scores at week 16 were higher than those before treatment in the psychosocial aspect (p = 0.003), and lower in the visual function aspect (p < 0.001), without significant difference in total score (p = 0.207). Visual acuity in the amblyopic eye and psychosocial expectations for treatment were the most important factors that influenced HRQOL during treatment. Conclusions: From the children’s perspective, the impacts on visual function and psychosocial aspect were significant in the first two months of treatment, and could be adapted during therapy for school-aged children. More attention should be paid to negative effects of treatment on daily life and study at the stage of amblyopia treatment for school-aged children. Meanwhile, necessary precautions should be taken to help reduce the impacts.
29.06.2019 Circus Sessions i, 2019 Post Performance Discussion about research and development at the Toronto Centre for the Arts
Creators: name: Man, Michelle
Publisher: name: Edge Hill University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 190499 Performing Arts and Creative Writing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Michelle Man was principle investigator and facilitator of Circus Sessions 2019, an international Canadian Arts Council funded research and development project that brought together fourteen female artists from five different countries. Collaborating with accessibility facilitator Alex Blumer and the artistic organization Femmes du Feu, the project culminated in two performances at the Toronto Centre of the Arts, Canada. Taking as its starting point notions of conviviality or 'convivencia' in artistic collaborative processes, the embodied research in Circus Sessions took as its foci positive receptivity, hospitality and fascination as creative tools in collective devising processes. Recognizing risk as inherent in circus technique and performance, this project that worked with a select group of mature female artists, sought to question what risks and acts of empowerment might be attached to identity making and artistic expression for the maturing circus artist. By facilitating working environments of conviviality, which resonate with the prevalent concerns in contemporary socio cultural theory (Gilroy, 2004; Wise and Noble, 2016), new ways of recognising with-ness, and negotiating tensions that arose from cultural-artistic difference were found.
Hematopoiesis toxicity induced by 4-methylumbelliferon determined in an invertebrate model organism
Creators: name: Fang, Yan
name: He, Yue
name: Wang, Hua
name: Yan, Siqi
name: Xing, Rui
name: Yin, Weimin
name: Sima, Yanghu
name: Xu, Shiqing
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Umbelliferone has potential value as it has an inhibitory effect on tumor cells; however, its impact on an animal's circulatory system and hematopoietic function has not been reported. In this study, 4-methylumbelliferon (4-MU), an umbelliferone derivative, was used as a model drug, and its potential toxicity on hemocytes and hematopoietic organs (HOs) was investigated using an invertebrate animal model, the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The results showed that the level of reactive oxygen species in HOs increased when larvae (third day of the fifth instar) were orally exposed to 4 mM 4-MU for 8 min, followed by the induction of improved antioxidative metabolism of coenzymes in hemolymph. Exposure to 4-MU also significantly upregulated the expression levels of several genes in the hemolymph and fat body (a detoxification tissue similar to the liver in mammals) including antimicrobial peptide gene cecropinA and moricin, and a phagocytosis-related gene, tetraspanin E, suggesting an increased antioxidant level and antimicrobial ability of the circulatory system. However, the percentage of dead hemocytes increased and hematopoiesis significantly decreased in HOs, indicating the toxic effect of 4-MU on hemocytes and hematopoiesis, despite it inducing enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in the circulatory system.
Study on the mechanism of cerium oxide catalytic ozonation for controlling the formation of bromate in drinking water
Creators: name: Wang, Qun
name: Yang, Zhichao
name: Ma, Jun
name: Wang, Jiangchuan
name: Wang, Lin
name: Guo, Mingkun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Space Science
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study evaluated the formation of bromate (Br) in the catalytic ozonation with cerium oxide (CeO2) compared with single ozonation and several catalytic ozonation with metal oxides (i.e. magnesium oxide (MgO) and synthetic goethite (FeOOH)). The results showed that the least Br was generated in the O3/CeO2 system. Primary experiments have confirmed that both Br− and Br could be hardly adsorbed by CeO2, and thus the inhibition of Br in the O3/CeO2 process was mainly ascribed to the effect of CeO2 on the ozone decomposition and subsequent hydroxyl radical () formation in the bulk solution. Firstly, the degradation of para-chloronitrobenzene (pCNB) was examined and the results showed that less pCNB was degraded by O3/CeO2 than single ozonation, suggesting that formation was inhibited in the O3/CeO2 system. Furthermore, the effect of inorganic anions (i.e. sulfate (S) and nitrate (N)) on the systems was investigated. It was found that S had a negative effect on the Br inhibition in the O3/CeO2 process, which was due to that S inhibited the adsorption of O3 and oxygen-containing species by CeO2 through competing the active sites of CeO2. Moreover, the inhibition of Br formation in the catalytic ozonation with the CeO2 samples calcined at different temperatures was also studied. The results showed that the efficiency of inhibition decreased in the following sequence CeO2 (450°C) > CeO2 (650°C) > CeO2 (250°C). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses on the CeO2 specimens showed that CeO2 (450°C) had the highest Ce(IV) to Ce(III) ratio and the least lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen amount. Therefore, a new mechanism about the inhibition of Br formation in the O3/CeO2 system was proposed. Both O3 molecules and some oxygen-containing intermediates from O3 decomposition in solution will be adsorbed on the active sites of CeO2, and the less lattice and adsorbed oxygen also promote the adsorption of oxygen-containing species on the CeO2 surface. This will result in the inhibition of O3 decomposition into in solution and thus inhibition of Br formation. This study improves our understanding of the O3/CeO2 process for controlling Br formation and also guides the practical application.
Role of Guideline Adherence in Improving Field Triage
Creators: name: Newgard, Craig D.
name: Rongwei Fu
name: E. Brooke Lerner
name: Mohamud Daya
name: Jui, Jonathan
name: Wittwer, Lynn
name: Schmidt, Terri A.
name: Zive, Dana
name: Bulger, Eileen M.
name: Sahni, Ritu
name: Warden, Craig
name: Kuppermann, Nathan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Objective: To compare the sensitivity of current field triage practices for identifying high-risk trauma patients to strict guideline adherence, including changes in triage specificity, ambulance transport patterns, and trauma center volumes. Methods: This was a pre-planned secondary analysis of an out-of-hospital prospective cohort of injured children and adults transported by 44 EMS agencies to 28 trauma and non-trauma hospitals in 7 Northwest U.S. counties from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011. Outcomes included Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 (primary) and early critical resource use. Strict adherence of the triage guidelines was based on evidence in the EMS chart for patients meeting any current field triage criteria, calculated with and without strict interpretation of the age criterion (<15 or >55 years). Due to the probability sampling nature of the cohort, strata and weights were included in all analyses. Results: 17,633 injured patients were transported by EMS (weighted to represent 53,487 transported patients), including 3.1% with ISS ≥16 and 1.7% requiring early critical resources. Field triage sensitivity for identifying patients with ISS ≥16 increased from the current 66.2% (95% CI 60.2–71.7%) to 87.3% (95% CI 81.9–91.2%) for strict adherence without age and to 91.0% (95% CI 86.4–94.2%) for strict adherence with age. Specificity decreased with increasing adherence, from 87.8% (current) to 47.6% (strict adherence without age) and 35.8% (strict adherence with age). Areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.78, 0.73, and 0.72, respectively. Results were similar for patients requiring early critical resources. We estimate the number of triage-positive patients transported each year by EMS to an individual major trauma center (on average) to increase from 1,331 (current) to 5,139 (strict adherence without age) and to 6,256 (strict adherence with age). Conclusions: The low sensitivity of current triage practices would be expected to improve with strict adherence to current triage guidelines, with a commensurate decrease in triage specificity and an increase in the number of triage-positive patients transported to major trauma centers.
Transformations and representations supporting spatial perspective taking
Creators: name: Yu, Alfred B.
name: Zacks, Jeffrey M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Spatial perspective taking is the ability to reason about spatial relations relative to another’s viewpoint. Here, we propose a mechanistic hypothesis that relates mental representations of one’s viewpoint to the transformations used for spatial perspective taking. We test this hypothesis using a novel behavioral paradigm that assays patterns of response time and variation in those patterns across people. The results support the hypothesis that people maintain a schematic representation of the space around their body, update that representation to take another’s perspective, and thereby to reason about the space around their body. This is a powerful computational mechanism that can support imitation, coordination of behavior, and observational learning.
Nanosuspensions as delivery system for gambogenic acid: characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation
Creators: name: Yuan, Huiling
name: Li, Xin
name: Zhang, Caiyun
name: Pan, Wenli
name: Liang, Yumeng
name: Chen, Yang
name: Chen, Weidong
name: Liu, Lulu
name: Wang, Xiaomin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology

description: Nanosuspensions (NS) can enhance the saturation solubility and dissolution velocity of poorly soluble drugs. PEG as a non-ionic surfactant plays an important role in surface modification of nanoparticles for prolonging in vivo circulation. In this study, anti-solvent precipitation method was introduced to prepare gambogenic acid nanosuspensions (GNA-NS) with PVPK30 and PEG2000 as stabilizers to settle the disadvantages of GNA. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical with a mean particle size of 183.7 nm and a zeta potential of −22.8 mV. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading of the resultant formulation were 97.3 and 29.73%. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the amorphous phase of GNA in NS. Fourier transform infrared indicated there may be hydrogen bond interaction between the drug and excipients. After lyophilization of GNA-NS, the freeze-dried powder displayed sufficient long-term physical stability at 4 and 25 °C. In comparison to GNA solution, in vitro studies of GNA-NS showed much slower release and higher cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. What’s more, the pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that the AUC0–∞ and t1/2 of GNA-NS were increased 2.63- and 1.77-fold than that of the reference formulation. Taken together, in vitro/in vivo evaluations showed NS would be an effectively strategy to change the poor aqueous solubility and prolong the half-life for GNA. The GNA-NS with enhanced bioavailability and drug efficacy provided a promising delivery system for the application of GNA.
The mechanism for increasing the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs using uniform mesoporous carbon spheres as a carrier
Creators: name: Wang, Tianyi
name: Zhao, Peng
name: Zhao, Qinfu
name: Wang, Bing
name: Wang, Siling
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Uniform mesoporous carbon spheres (UMCS) were used as a carrier to improve the bioavailability of the model drug, celecoxib (CEL). Furthermore, we investigated the mechanism responsible for the improved bioavailability of CEL. The association, adhesion and uptake of UMCS by intestinal epithelial cells were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM). UMCS was found to promote cellular uptake of CEL. Drug transport in Caco-2 cell monolayers proved that UMCS can significantly reduce the rate of drug efflux and improve CEL permeability. The dissolution rate of CEL from drug-loaded samples was markedly improved compared with pure crystalline CEL; moreover, oral bioavailability of CEL loaded into UMCS was also markedly improved compared with that of commercially available capsules. UMCS indicates the advantages and potential of this method to achieve improved oral absorption by increasing the dissolution rate, cellular uptake and permeability of the drug.
Evaluation of yield and tuber functionality in short-term cultivation of Chinese artichoke using propagated cuttings
Creators: name: Ikemoto, Mayu
name: Yamazaki, Akira
name: Ohnishi, Toru
name: Ishigami, Taichi
name: Fukumitsu, Jin
name: Oike, Kazuma
name: Inoue, Kiyoshi
name: Uegaki, Koichi
name: Hosokawa, Munetaka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis) is a vegetable that is also used as a medicinal plant. There are two major problems in growing Chinese artichoke. One is the re-infection of viruses when propagating virus-free seed tubers, and the other is too long a cultivation period before harvest. The application of rooted cuttings technology to tuber production could allow virus-free cuttings to be propagated annually and planted at any time of the year. We showed that 100% of the cuttings were rooted within 14 days when the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution was less than 0.42 dS·m−1. There was no significant difference in yield or tuber size between tubers derived from rooted cuttings and those derived from seed tubers (the conventional method of cultivation). Although the yield of rooted cuttings planted in July, August and September decreased slightly with delayed planting time, tubers of marketable size were harvested even when planted in September, the shortest growing season. The stachyose content, polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the tubers did not differ significantly with planting time. In conclusion, short-term cultivation of Chinese artichoke using rooted cuttings is feasible for commercial tuber production.
Substrate- and temperature-controlled divergence in reactions of alcohols with TosMIC catalyzed by BF3 · Et2O: facile access to sulfinates and sulfones
Creators: name: Pogaku, Naresh
name: Palakodety Radha Krishna
name: Y. Lakshmi Prapurna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: An efficient BF3 · Et2O-catalyzed divergent synthesis of sulfinate esters and sulfones through C–O and C–S bond formation has been achieved from alcohols and p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC). Various alcohols reacted smoothly with TosMIC under the present conditions at room temperature providing sulfinate esters exclusively. By tuning the reaction temperature, the alcohols that provide highly stabilized carbocation in the reaction medium afforded sulfones as sole products. This study was aimed at understanding the regioselectivity of ambidentate sulfinate ion and to elucidate the interpretation of sulfinate/sulfone scaffolds.
Mathematical Thinking Undefended on The Level of The Semester for Professional Mathematics Teacher Candidates
Creators: name: Winarso, Widodo
name: Toheri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebra
subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Mathematical thinking skills are very important in mathematics, both to learn math or as learning goals. Thinking skills can be seen from the description given answers in solving mathematical problems faced. Mathematical thinking skills can be seen from the types, levels, and process. Proportionally questions given to students at universities in Indonesia (semester I, III, V, and VII). These questions are a matter of description that belong to the higher-level thinking. Students choose 5 of 8 given problem. Qualitatively, the answers were analyzed by descriptive to see the tendency to think mathematically used in completing the test. The results show that students tend to choose the issues relating to the calculation. They are more use cases, examples and not an example, to evaluate the conjecture and prove to belong to the numeric argumentation. Used mathematical thinking students are very personal (intelligence, interest, and experience), and the situation (problems encountered). Thus, the level of half of the students are not guaranteed and shows the level of mathematical thinking
Impact of Improving Vehicle Front Design on the Burden of Pedestrian Injuries in Germany, USA, and India
Creators: name: Moran, Dane
name: Dipan Bose
name: Kavi Bhalla
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Objective: European car design regulations and New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) ratings have led to reductions in pedestrian injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of improving vehicle front design on mortality and morbidity due to pedestrian injuries in a European country (Germany) and two countries, (USA, and India) that do not have pedestrian-focused NCAP testing or design regulations. Methods: We used data from the International Road Traffic and Accident Database and the Global Burden of Disease project to estimate baseline pedestrian deaths and non-fatal injuries in each country in 2013. The effect of improved passenger car star ratings on probability of pedestrian injury was based on recent evaluations of pedestrian crash data from Germany. The effect of improved heavy motor vehicle (HMV) front-end design on pedestrian injuries was based on estimates reported by simulation studies. We used burden of disease methods to estimate population health loss by combining the burden of morbidity and mortality in Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost. Results: Extrapolating from evaluations in Germany suggest that improving front end design of cars can potentially reduce the burden of pedestrian injuries due to cars by up to 24% in the US and 41% in India. In Germany, where cars comply with the UN regulation on pedestrian safety, additional improvements would have led to a 1% reduction. Similarly, improved HMV design would reduce DALYs lost by pedestrian victims hit by HMVs by 20% in each country. Overall, improved vehicle design would reduce DALYs lost to road traffic injuries (RTIs) by 0.8% in Germany, 4.1% in USA, and 6.7% in India. Conclusions: Recent evaluations show strong correlation between Euro NCAP pedestrian scores and real-life pedestrian injuries, suggesting that improved car front design in Europe has led to substantial reductions in pedestrian injuries. Although the US has fewer pedestrian crashes, it would nevertheless benefit substantially by adopting similar regulations and instituting pedestrian NCAP testing. The maximum benefit would be realized in low- and middle- income countries like India that have a high proportion of pedestrian crashes. While crash-avoidance technologies are being developed to protect pedestrians, supplemental protection through design regulations may significantly improve injury countermeasures for vulnerable road users.
Syntax Evolution: Problems and Recursion
Creators: name: Casares, Ramón
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: To investigate the evolution of syntax, we need to ascertain the evolutionary rôle of syntax and, before that, the very nature of syntax. Here, we will assume that syntax is computing. And then, since we are computationally Turing complete, we meet an evolutionary anomaly, the anomaly of syntax: we are syntactically too competent for syntax. Assuming that problem solving is computing, and realizing that the evolutionary advantage of Turing completeness is full problem solving and not syntactic proficiency, we explain the anomaly of syntax by postulating that syntax and problem solving co-evolved in humans towards Turing completeness. Examining the requirements that full problem solving impose on language, we find firstly that semantics is not sufficient and that syntax is necessary to represent problems. Our final conclusion is that full problem solving requires a functional semantics on an infinite tree-structured syntax. Besides these results, the introduction of Turing completeness and problem solving to explain the evolution of syntax should help us to fit the evolution of language within the evolution of cognition, giving us some new clues to understand the elusive relation between language and thinking.
Oberhessische Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift 67 (2017)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
name: Justus Liebig University Giessen
Publisher: name: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: ddc:500

description: Editorial Oeder, R. & Schwabe, D.: Evidence that no liquid equilibrium process is involved in the comb building of honey bees (Apis Mellifera) Kafitz, W.: Symmetrie, Ebenmaß in Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Eine Übersicht anhand von Beispielen Kurzfassung von Vorträgen, die in der Oberhessischen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung gehalten wurden
Simulator study of young driver's instinctive response of lower extremity to a collision
Creators: name: Gao, Zhenhai
name: Li, Chuzhao
name: Hu, Hongyu
name: Zhao, Hui
name: Chen, Chaoyang
name: Yu, Huili
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Objective: A driver's instinctive response of the lower extremity in braking movement consists of two parts, including reaction time and braking reaction behavior. It is critical to consider these two components when conducting studies concerning driver's brake movement intention and injury analysis. The purposes of this study were to investigate the driver reaction time to an oncoming collision and muscle activation of lower extremity muscles at the collision moment. The ultimate goal is to provide data that aid in both the optimization of intervention time of an active safety system and the improvement of precise protection performance of a passive safety system. Method: A simulated collision scene was constructed in a driving simulator, and 40 young volunteers (20 male and 20 female) were recruited for tests. Vehicle control parameters and electromyography characteristics of eight muscles of the lower extremity were recorded. The driver reaction time was divided into pre-motor time (PMT) and muscle activation time (MAT). Muscle activation level (ACOL) at the collision moment was calculated and analysed. Results: PMT was shortest for the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (243∼317 ms for male and 278∼438 ms for female). Average MAT of the TA ranged from 28-55 ms. ACOL was large (5∼31% for male and 5∼23% for female) at 50 km/h, but small (<12%) at 100 km/h. ACOL of the gluteus maximus was smallest (<3%) in the 25 and 100 km/h tests. ACOL of RF of men was significantly smaller than that of women at different speeds. Conclusions: Ankle dorsiflexion is firstly activated at the beginning of the emergency brake motion. Males showed stronger reaction ability than females, as suggested by male's shorter PMT. The detection of driver's brake intention is upwards of 55ms sooner after introducing the electromyography. Muscle activation of the lower extremity is an important factor for 50 km/h collision injury analysis. For higher speed collisions, this might not be a major factor. The activations of certain muscles may be ignored for crash injury analysis at certain speeds, such as gluteus maximus at 25 or 100 km/h. Furthermore, the activation of certain muscles should be differentiated between males and females during injury analysis.
Simulator Study of Young Driver's Instinctive Response of Lower Extremity to a Collision
Creators: name: Hu, Hongyu
name: Zhao, Hui
name: Gao, Zhenhai
name: Li, Chuzhao
name: Chen, Chaoyang
name: Yu, Huili
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Meta Science
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cell Biology

description: ABSTRACTObjective: A driver's instinctive response of the lower extremity in braking movement consists of two parts, including reaction time and braking reaction behaviour. It is critical to consider these two components when conducting studies concerning driver's brake movement intention and injury analysis. The purposes of this study were to investigate the driver reaction time to an oncoming collision and muscle activation of lower extremity muscles at the collision moment. The ultimate goal is to provide data that aid in both the optimization of intervention time of an active safety system and the improvement of precise protection performance of a passive safety system.Method: A simulated collision scene was constructed in a driving simulator, and 40 young volunteers (20 male and 20 female) were recruited for tests. Vehicle control parameters and electromyography characteristics of eight muscles of the lower extremity were recorded. The driver reaction time was divided into pre-motor time (PMT) and muscle activation time (MAT). Muscle activation level (ACOL) at the collision moment was calculated and analysed.Results: PMT was shortest for the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle (243∼317 ms for male and 278∼438 ms for female). Average MAT of the TA ranged from 28–55 ms. ACOL was large (5∼31% for male and 5∼23% for female) at 50 km/h, but small (<12%) at 100 km/h. ACOL of the gluteus maximus was smallest (<3%) in the 25 and 100 km/h tests. ACOL of RF of men was significantly smaller than that of women at different speeds.Conclusions: Ankle dorsiflexion is firstly activated at the beginning of the emergency brake motion. Males showed stronger reaction ability than females, as suggested by male's shorter PMT. The detection of driver's brake intention is upwards of 55 ms sooner after introducing the electromyography. Muscle activation of the lower extremity is an important factor for 50 km/h collision injury analysis. For higher speed collisions, this might not be a major factor. The activations of certain muscles may be ignored for crash injury analysis at certain speeds, such as gluteus maximus at 25 or 100 km/h. Furthermore, the activation of certain muscles should be differentiated between males and females during injury analysis.
The movement of front vowel allophones before nasals in Southern Illinois white vernacular English (the PIN-PEN merger)
Creators: name: Bigham, Douglas Stephan
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2005
Subjects: PIN-PEN merger
Vowel allophones
Southern Illinois

description: This work considers the merger of the allophones of /ɪ/ and /ɛ/ before nasals, commonly called the PIN~PEN merger. Vowel tokens from twenty speakers in Southern Illinois are sampled; statistical information and vowel graphs, based on F1 measurements, are generated for discussion. While the majority of these Southern Illinois speakers do show the PIN~PEN merger, there is a wide range of variation in the ways and degrees that each individual speaker participates in the merger. Data on pre-nasal allophones of /æ/ are also included, and the effect of the PIN~PEN merger on pre-nasal /æ/ is examined. The possibility of a change in progress, from a PIN~PEN merger to a PEN~PAN merger is considered. The data reported here provide an important link between the phonetics literature and the sociolinguistic/dialectology literature on the effect of nasals on preceding vowels