cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation programs on medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease
Creators: name: Sajeev, Shelda
name: Team, On behalf of the NHMRC CHAP Project
name: Gebremichael, Lemlem
name: Champion, Stephanie
name: Nesbitt, Katie
name: Pearson, Vincent
name: Bulamu, Norma B.
name: A. Dafny, Hila A.
name: de Plaza, Maria A. Pinero
name: Ramos, Joyce S.
name: Suebkinorn, Orathai
name: Gulyani, Aarti
name: Bulto, Lemma N.
name: Beleigoli, Alline
name: Hendriks, Jeroen M.
name: Hines, Sonia
name: Clark, Robyn A.
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320101
subject: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: Background: Education to improve medication adherence is one of the core components of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs. However, the evidence on the effectiveness of CR programs on medication adherence is conflicting. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the effectiveness of CR programs versus standard care on medication adherence in patients with cardiovascular disease.Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. Seven databases and clinical trial registries were searched for published and unpublished articles from database inception to 09 Feb 2022. Only randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the screening, extraction, and appraisal. The JBI methodology for effectiveness reviews and PRISMA 2020 guidelines were followed. A statistical meta-analysis of included studies was pooled using RevMan version 5.4.1.Results: In total 33 studies were included with 16,677 participants. CR programs increased medication adherence by 14 % (RR = 1.14; 95 % CI: 1.07 to 1.22; p = 0.0002) with low degree of evidence certainty. CR also lowered the risk of dying by 17 % (RR = 0.83; 95 % CI: 0.69 to 1.00; p = 0.05); primary care and emergency department visit by mean difference of 0.19 (SMD = -0.19; 95 % CI: -0.30 to -0.08; p = 0.0008); and improved quality of life by 0.93 (SMD = 0.93; 95 % CI: 0.38 to 1.49; p = 0.0010). But no significant difference was observed in lipid profiles, except with total cholesterol (SMD = -0.26; 95 % CI: -0.44 to -0.07; p = 0.006) and blood pressure levels.Conclusions: CR improves medication adherence with a low degree of evidence certainty and non-significant changes in lipid and blood pressure levels. This result requires further investigation.
WCRF/AICR – Third Expert Report – Recommendations and public health and policy implications
Creators: name: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute For Cancer Research
Publisher: name: AMRC Open Research
Year: 2021

description: WCRF/AICR - Third Expert Report – Recommendations and Public Health and Policy Implications
 Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective (the Third Expert Report) (2018) from World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer research builds on the ground-breaking achievements of the First and Second Expert Reports published in 1997 and 2007, respectively. The Third Expert Report is a comprehensive analysis, including a series of systematic literature reviews guided by predefined criteria for evidence judgement based on an established framework, of the global body of evidence on the links between diet, nutrition and physical activity and cancer incidence, survival and survivorship.

 The report is a body of work from World Cancer Research Fund Network’s Continuous Update Project (CUP) and brings together research findings and Cancer Prevention Recommendations from the independent CUP Expert Panel. The entire contents of the Third Expert Report, including the chapter herein “recommendations and public health and policy implications”, are freely available online at dietandcancerreport.org.

 The Third Expert Report aims to help anyone who is keen to know how to prevent cancer. This chapter may be particularly useful for: Researchers, scientists, and medical and health professionals Policy makers Civil society organisations The media People looking to reduce their risk of cancer This chapter of the Third Expert Report presents the Panel’s latest advice and recommendations in the following areas of investigation: Why it is so important to prevent cancer and how to increase the likelihood that efforts to do so are successful The latest findings of the CUP and the Panel’s ten Cancer Prevention Recommendations Policy action in influencing the broader ‘upstream’ determinants of cancer that are beyond people’s personal control Risk factors for which there is strong evidence concerning their associations with cancer, but the results are not relevant to global populations (for example, give evidence related to a specific diet) Conclusions based on the previous four areas. In the future, newly published studies will continue to be added to WCRF’s evidence database and reviewed. Regular reports and peer-reviewed papers, detailing the evidence and our conclusions, will be published. The Cancer Prevention Recommendations are reviewed and updated at regular intervals, based on the latest evidence.
Abstracting spreadsheet data flow through hypergraph redrawing
Creators: name: Birch, David
name: Stawinoga, Nicolai
name: Binks, Jack
name: Nicoletti, Bruno
name: Kelly, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We believe the error prone nature of traditional spreadsheets is due to their low level of abstraction. End user programmers are forced to construct their data models from low level cells which we define as "a data container or manipulator linked by user-intent to model their world and positioned to reflect its structure". Spreadsheet cells are limited in what they may contain (scalar values) and the links between them are inherently hidden. This paper proposes a method of raising the level of abstraction of spreadsheets by "redrawing the boundary" of the cell. To expose the hidden linkage structure we transform spreadsheets into fine-grained graphs with operators and values as nodes. "cells" are then represented as hypergraph edges by drawing a boundary "wall" around a set of operator/data nodes. To extend what cells may contain and to create a higher level model of the spreadsheet we propose that researchers should seek techniques to redraw these boundaries to create higher level "cells" which will more faithfully represent the end-user's real world/mental model. We illustrate this approach via common sub-expression identification and the application of sub-tree isomorphisms for the detection of vector (array) operations.
description: 23 Pages, 12 Colour Figures
WCRF/AICR - Third expert report – Future research directions
Creators: name: World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute For Cancer Research
Publisher: name: AMRC Open Research
Year: 2021

description: Third Expert Report – Future Research Directions
 Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective (the Third Expert Report) (2018) from World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer research builds on the ground-breaking achievements of the First and Second Expert Reports published in 1997 and 2007, respectively. The Third Expert Report is a comprehensive analysis, including a series of systematic literature reviews guided by predefined criteria for evidence judgement based on an established framework, of the global body of evidence on the links between diet, nutrition and physical activity and cancer incidence, survival and survivorship.

 The report is a body of work from World Cancer Research Fund Network’s Continuous Update Project (CUP) and brings together research findings and Cancer Prevention Recommendations from the independent CUP Expert Panel. The entire contents of the Third Expert Report, including this chapter related to future research directions, are freely available online at dietandcancerreport.org.

 This chapter of the report details several future research directions that the CUP Panel identified as broad areas in which progress would further increase our knowledge related to the impact of diet, nutrition and physical activity upon cancer risk and enhance future recommendations. The key research areas are: The biological mechanisms by which diet, nutrition, and physical activity affect cancer processes The impact of diet, nutrition, and physical activity throughout the lifecourse on cancer risk Better characterisation of diet, nutrition, body composition and physical activity exposures Better characterisation of cancer-related outcomes Stronger evidence for the impact of diet, nutrition, and physical activity on outcomes in cancer survivors Globally representative research on specific exposures and cancer In the future, newly published studies will continue to be added to WCRF’s evidence database and reviewed. Regular reports and peer-reviewed papers, detailing the evidence and our conclusions, will be published. The Cancer Prevention Recommendations are reviewed and updated at regular intervals, based on the latest evidence.
A Heavy-Flavor Tracker for STAR
Creators: name: Schweda, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to construct a heavy flavor tracker for the STAR experiment at RHIC in order to measure the elliptic flow of charmed hadrons in the low pt region and identify B-meson contributions in the region pt > 4 GeV/c. In this talk, we will present the design of the detector in-depth and its expected performance as studied in detailed simulations and analytic calculations. Physics potentials of the detector will also be discussed.
description: proceedings of the Quark Matter 2005 Conference, Budapest, Hungary; to appear in Nucl. Phys. A; 4 pages, 3 figures; fixed fig.2
Materiais do experimento sobre a efetividade em relação à identificação dos requisitos de teste
Creators: name: Paschoal, Leo Natan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Estou disponibilizando alguns arquivos que fazem parte do material produzido e coletado durante o experimento. Esses materiais e outros também estão disponíveis no GitHub .
Vascular access management: a program evaluation
Creators: name: LaJoie, Judith A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Purpose of Project: The purpose of this project was to perform a program evaluation on a vascular access management program that is used to assess a hospital’s current state program for their vascular access process, products, and policies. Methodology: Stufflebeam's Context, Input, Process and Product methodology was used to perform this program evaluation. The CIPP Model is used to guide an evaluation of a program, specifically programs that are aimed at effecting long-term sustainable improvements. Results: When the current vascular access management program was evaluated using the CIPP Model it was noted that there were deficiencies within the Context and Process sections. The Context section scored a 71% with areas of improvement noted to be around change management practices and improvement was needed in identifying internal and external beneficiaries. For the Process section it was noted to be 40% compliant with improvements needed in the archiving of changes to the program, deficient in identifying customer feedback and a lack of an up-to-date profile. The identification of these issues was uncovered by using this methodology in a systematic approach to program management.Implications for Practice: Vascular access is the most common procedure that occurs in an acute-care facility. Ensuring that there is a sound vascular access program, and that program is reviewed and modified on an ongoing basis benefits several parties within a hospital. First and foremost, it benefits the patient. When the right device is selected for the prescribed therapy, the clinician is versed on how to insert the device as well as care for the device and medications and therapies are delivered timely and without complication, the patient receives their treatment without delay and without risk of an extended stay due to vascular access challenges. For the clinician, when they are versed in device selection, principles of insertion as well as care and maintenance, they can be more efficient and effective. For the hospital, better patient outcomes, better clinician efficiency make for positive interactions which can translate into great patient satisfaction while also seeing cost improvements.
The generalized Cattaneo (telegrapher's) equation and corresponding random walks
Creators: name: Górska, K.
name: Horzela, A.
name: Lenzi, E. K.
name: Pagnini, G.
name: Sandev, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The various types of generalized Cattaneo, called also telegrapher's equation, are studied. We find conditions under which solutions of the equations considered so far can be recognized as probability distributions, \textit{i.e.} are normalizable and non-negative on their domains. Analysis of the relevant mean squared displacements enables us to classify diffusion processes described by such obtained solutions and to identify them with either ordinary or anomalous super- or subdiffusion. To complete our study we analyse derivations of just considered examples the generalized Cattaneo equations using the continuous time random walk and the persistent random walk approaches.
Dynamic capability deployment: The roles of dominant logic and international entrepreneurial orientation
Creators: name: Gao, Yuan
name: Gudergan, Siegfried P.
name: Lin, Nidthida
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 350704
subject: Entrepreneurship

description: To identify factors that drive firms to deploy dynamic capabilities (DCs) more effectively and efficiently than others in changing international environments, this study explores how an explorative versus exploitative dominant logic might affect the technical fitness of firms’ DC deployment, conditional on the level of international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). Empirical findings from Chinese firms suggest that beyond the effect of the dominant logic on the effectiveness and efficiency of their DC deployment, firms’ IEO has relevant impacts on this relationship.
Hypoellipticity and loss of derivatives with Appendix Analyticity and loss of derivatives
Creators: name: Kohn, Joseph J.
name: Derridj, Makhlouf
name: Tartakoff, David S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35H10, 35N15

description: For each value of k, two complex vector fields satisfying the bracket condition are exhibited the sum of whose squares is hypoelliptic but not subelliptic - in fact the operator loses k-1 derivatives in Sobolev norms. In the Appendix it is proven that this operator is analytic hypoelliptic.
description: 44 pages including appendix
Dark energy - dark matter - and black holes: The music of the universe
Creators: name: Biermann, Peter L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we review the recent evidence for dark energy, dark matter and black holes as components of an expanding universe, for the vantage point of a non-expert; we speculate on a specific DM particle.
description: 8 pages, Invited review lecture at Carpathian Summer School in Physics 2005 (CSSP2005)
How likely is an i.i.d. degree sequence to be graphical?
Creators: name: Arratia, Richard
name: Liggett, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C07, 05C80, 60G70. (Primary)

description: Given i.i.d. positive integer valued random variables D_1,...,D_n, one can ask whether there is a simple graph on n vertices so that the degrees of the vertices are D_1,...,D_n. We give sufficient conditions on the distribution of D_i for the probability that this be the case to be asymptotically 0, {1/2} or strictly between 0 and {1/2}. These conditions roughly correspond to whether the limit of nP(D_i\geq n) is infinite, zero or strictly positive and finite. This paper is motivated by the problem of modeling large communications networks by random graphs.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000693 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Predictability of real temporal networks
Creators: name: Tang, Disheng
name: Du, Wenbo
name: Shekhtman, Louis
name: Wang, Yijie
name: Havlin, Shlomo
name: Cao, Xianbin
name: Yan, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Links in most real networks often change over time. Such temporality of links encodes the ordering and causality of interactions between nodes and has a profound effect on network dynamics and function. Empirical evidences have shown that the temporal nature of links in many real-world networks is not random. Nonetheless, it is challenging to predict temporal link patterns while considering the entanglement between topological and temporal link patterns. Here we propose an entropy-rate based framework, based on combined topological-temporal regularities, for quantifying the predictability of any temporal network. We apply our framework on various model networks, demonstrating that it indeed captures the intrinsic topological-temporal regularities whereas previous methods considered only temporal aspects. We also apply our framework on 18 real networks of different types and determine their predictability. Interestingly, we find that for most real temporal networks, despite the greater complexity of predictability brought by the increase in dimension the combined topological-temporal predictability is higher than the temporal predictability. Our results demonstrate the necessity of incorporating both temporal and topological aspects of networks in order to improve predictions of dynamical processes.
Conditional probability and improper priors
Creators: name: Taraldsen, Gunnar
name: Lindqvist, Bo H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this paper is to present a mathematical theory that can be used as a foundation for statistics that include improper priors. This theory includes improper laws in the initial axioms and has in particular Bayes theorem as a consequence. Another consequence is that some of the usual calculation rules are modified. This is important in relation to common statistical practice which usually include improper priors, but tends to use unaltered calculation rules. In some cases the results are valid, but in other cases inconsistencies may appear. The famous marginalization paradoxes exemplify this latter case. An alternative mathematical theory for the foundations of statistics can be formulated in terms of conditional probability spaces. In this case the appearance of improper laws is a consequence of the theory. It is proved here that the resulting mathematical structures for the two theories are equivalent. The conclusion is that the choice of the first or the second formulation for the initial axioms can be considered a matter of personal preference. Readers that initially have concerns regarding improper priors can possibly be more open toward a formulation of the initial axioms in terms of conditional probabilities. The interpretation of an improper law is given by the corresponding conditional probabilities. Keywords: Axioms of statistics, Conditional probability space, Improper prior, Projective space
A high sensitivity HI survey of the sky at delta < -25 deg Final data release
Creators: name: Bajaja, E.
name: Arnal, E. M.
name: Larrarte, J. J.
name: Morras, R.
name: Poppel, W. G. L.
name: Kalberla, P. M. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the final data release of the high sensitivity lambda 21-cm neutral hydrogen survey of the sky south of delta < -25 degr. A total of 50980 positions lying on a galactic coordinate grid with points spaced by (Delta l, Delta b) = ((0.5 deg)/cos b, 0.5 deg) were observed with the 30-m dish of the Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia (IAR). The angular resolution of the survey is HPBW = 0.5 deg and the velocity coverage spans the interval -450 km/s to +400 km/s (LSR). The velocity resolution is 1.27 km/s and the final rms noise of the entire database is 0.07 K. The data are corrected for stray radiation and converted to brightness temperatures.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Halo and UV-B priming influences various physiological and importantly yield parameters of Oryza sativa var. Vyttila 6
Creators: name: Sen, Akhila
name: Puthur, Jos T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Photosynthetic activity and remobilisation of nutrients during the reproductive phase of rice are detrimental factors, directly linked with crop productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the priming efficacy on different physiological features such as generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of malondialdehyde, activities of enzymatic and content of non-enzymatic antioxidants and chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements at booting, silking and mature stages of rice in response to UV-B and halo priming. Seed priming reduced the excess ROS generation and oxidative stress through positive regulation of the antioxidation mechanism. The effective antioxidant machinery in UV-B and halo primed plants ensured that the photosynthetic process proceeded uninterruptedly, ensuring the efficacy of the same even when encountered with oxidative stress. The present study proves that halo and UV-B priming of seeds reduced panicle sterility, increased the harvest index, at the reproductive phase of the plant. Halo and UV-B priming retained priming imprints throughout the plant life cycle ultimately leading to the increased yield-related parameters in Vyttila 6.
Assessing Spectra and Thermal Inversions due to TiO in Hot Jupiter Atmospheres
Creators: name: Piette, Anjali A. A.
name: Madhusudhan, Nikku
name: McKemmish, Laura K.
name: Gandhi, Siddharth
name: Masseron, Thomas
name: Welbanks, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent detections of thermal inversions in the dayside atmospheres of some hot Jupiters are motivating new avenues to understand the interplay between their temperature structures and other atmospheric conditions. In particular, TiO has long been proposed to cause thermal inversions in hot Jupiters, depending on other factors such as stellar irradiation, C/O, and vertical mixing. TiO also has spectral features in the optical and near-infrared that have been detected. However, interpretations of TiO signatures rely on the accuracy of TiO opacity used in the models. The recently reported Toto TiO line list provides a new opportunity to investigate these dependencies, which is the goal of the present work. First, we investigate how the Toto line list affects observable transmission and emission spectra of hot Jupiters at low and high resolution. The improvement in the Toto line list compared to a previous line list results in observable differences in the model spectra, particularly in the optical at high resolution. Secondly, we explore the interplay between temperature structure, irradiation and composition with TiO as the primary source of optical opacity, using 1D self-consistent atmospheric models. Among other trends, we find that the propensity for thermal inversions due to TiO peaks at C/O$\sim$0.9, consistent with recent studies. Using these models, we further assess metrics to quantify thermal inversions due to TiO, compared to frequently-used Spitzer photometry, over a range in C/O, irradiation, metallicity, gravity and stellar type.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 19 pages, 14 figures
Phase-field Crystals with Elastic Interactions
Creators: name: Stefanovic, Peter
name: Haataja, Mikko
name: Provatas, Nikolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a novel extension of the recent phase-field crystal (PFC) method introduced in [Elder et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 88, 245701:1-4 (2002)], which incorporates elastic interactions as well as crystal plasticity and diffusive dynamics. In our model, elastic interactions are mediated through wave modes that propagate on time scales many orders of magnitude slower than atomic vibrations but still much faster than diffusive times scales. This allows us to preserve the quintessential advantage of the PFC model: the ability to simulate atomic-scale interactions and dynamics on time scales many orders of magnitude longer than characteristic vibrational time scales. We demonstrate the two different modes of propagation in our model and show that simulations of grain growth and elasto-plastic deformation are consistent with the microstructural properties of nanocrystals.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Resistance Evolution Against Antimicrobial Peptides in Staphylococcus aureus Alters Pharmacodynamics Beyond the MIC
Creators: name: El Shazely, Baydaa
name: Yu, Guozhi
name: Johnston, Paul R.
name: Rolff, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: resistance evolution
subject: Hill coefficent
subject: pharmacodynamics
subject: pexiganan
subject: melittin
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen

description: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been proposed as a promising class of new antimicrobials partly because they are less susceptible to bacterial resistance evolution. This is possibly caused by their mode of action but also by their pharmacodynamic characteristics, which differ significantly from conventional antibiotics. Although pharmacodynamics of antibiotic resistant strains have been studied, such data are lacking for AMP resistant strains. Here, we investigated if the pharmacodynamics of the Gram-positive human pathogen Staphylococcous aureus evolve under antimicrobial peptide selection. Interestingly, the Hill coefficient (kappa κ) evolves together with the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). Except for one genotype, strains harboring mutations in menF and atl, all mutants had higher kappa than the non-selected sensitive controls. Higher κ results in steeper pharmacodynamic curve and, importantly, in a narrower mutant selection window. S. aureus selected for resistance to melittin displayed cross resistant against pexiganan and had as steep pharmacodynamic curves (high κ) as pexiganan-selected lines. By contrast, the pexiganan-sensitive tenecin-selected lines displayed lower κ. Taken together, our data demonstrate that pharmacodynamic parameters are not fixed traits of particular drug/strain interactions but actually evolve under drug treatment. The contribution of factors such as κ and the maximum and minimum growth rates on the dynamics and probability of resistance evolution are open questions that require urgent attention.
Cross-Cultural Differences in the Generation of Novel Ideas in Middle Childhood
Creators: name: Köster, Moritz
name: Yovsi, Relindis
name: Kärtner, Joscha
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cross-cultural comparison
subject: creativity and innovation
subject: cognitive development
subject: alternative uses task
subject: middle childhood
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Innovation and creativity have recently been in the center of the debate on human cultural evolution. Yet, we know very little about childrens’ developing capacity to generate novel ideas, as a key component of innovation and creativity, in different cultural contexts. Here, we assessed 8‐ to 9-year-old children from an autonomous and a relational cultural context, namely Münster (urban Germany; n = 29) and Banten (rural Cameroon; n = 29). These cultural contexts vary largely in their ecology, social structure, and educational system, as well as the cultural models on children’s individual development and thinking. Therefore, they provide an optimal contrast to investigate cultural similarities and differences in development of creative capacities. We applied classical divergent thinking tasks, namely an alternative uses task and a pattern association task. In these tasks, children are asked to generate as many ideas as possible what an object could be used for or what a pattern could be. First, our study revealed a good internal consistency and inter-task correlations for the assessment of children’s fluency and the generation of unique ideas in both cultures. Second, and most critically, we found significantly higher levels of creative capacities in children from Münster in contrast to Banten. This was reflected in both a higher number of ideas (fluency) and a higher number of unique ideas (uniqueness). Third, looking at the type of answers that children gave in the alternative uses task, we found that children from Münster and Banten uttered a similar number of conventional ideas, but that children from Münster uttered more ideas to manipulate an object, invent novel things with an object, and involve an object in play or pretend play, or in a fantasy story. This demonstrates that early creative development is strongly influenced by the cultural context and substantiates the cultural nature of human cognitive development.
The Next WTO Round on Agriculture and EU Enlargement: Pressures on the EU Dairy Sector
Creators: name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EU
subject: WTO
subject: enlargement
subject: dairy sector
subject: export subsidy

description: The EU dairy sector will be one of the most sensitive sectors to be affected by the outcome of the on-going negotiations for the new WTO round for agriculture. Nevertheless, if the Next WTO Round is going to be along the same lines as the Uruguay Round, the EU may be able to stay within the WTO commitments for export subsidy in the dairy sector without further reforms in the Common Agricultural Policy. Certainly, some minor reforms are needed to relieve the binding commitments for cheese and other milk products. The upcoming reform in the dairy sector under Agenda 2000 starting from year 2005 may help in reforming the dairy sector for the new round. In contrast, a steeper reduction in the export subsidy commitments compared to the Uruguay Round may cause problems for cheese and other milk products because the majority of exports in these products will have to be exported without any export subsidy. After enlargement, in particular with a steeper reduction formula, the EU may face troubles in the categories of butter, skim milk powder, cheese, and other milk products. The reforms under Agenda 2000 may not be sufficient because the difference between the EU internal market price and world market price is still too high for EU dairy products to allow unsubsidised exports to the world market. The EU internal market will have to absorb the dairy products intended for the export market. Consequently, the EU internal market for dairy products will be under pressure for further price reduction, and the EU world market share in dairy products will shrink.
title: Moving Away From Limiting Similarity During Restoration
title: Timing of Arrival and Native Biomass Are Better Proxies of Invasion Suppression in Grassland Communities
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Yannelli, Florencia A.
name: MacLaren, Chloe
name: Kollmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: biotic resistance
subject: limiting similarity
subject: priority effects
subject: restoration ecology
subject: revegetation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: A challenge in many restoration projects, in particular when establishing de novo communities, is the arrival and later dominance of invasive alien plants. This could potentially be avoided by designing invasion-resistant native communities. Several studies suggest achieving this by maximizing trait similarity between natives and potential invaders (“limiting similarity”), but evidence supporting this approach is mixed so far. Others pose that the relative time of arrival by native and invasive species (“priority effects”) could play a stronger role, yet this factor and its interaction with trait similarity is not fully understood in the context of ecological restoration. Thus, we hypothesized that multi-trait similarity would increase suppression of invasive species by native communities, and that the effect would be stronger when natives arrive first. We established two distinct communities of native central European grassland species based on native–invasive trait similarity, and then tested the introduction of invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Solidago gigantea separately when arriving in the native communities at two times, i.e., sown either at the same time as the natives or 2 weeks after. For the traits selected, our data did not provide evidence for a limiting similarity effect, but rather supported priority effects. Both native communities more effectively suppressed invaders that arrived after the natives. In addition, the native community that produced the most biomass suppressed both invasive species more than the most ecologically similar community. This effect of biomass revealed that prioritizing native–invader ecological similarity can fail to account for other community characteristics that affect invasion resistance, such as biomass. Instead, native communities could be designed to enhance priority effects through the inclusion of early and fast developing species. We conclude that native community composition plays a significant role in the establishment success by invasive species, and resource pre-emption seems more significant than trait similarity. In terms of grassland restoration, native species should be selected based on plant traits related to fast emergence and early competitiveness.
Asymptotic symmetries in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Gaeta, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently remarked by Lutz [{\it Phys. Rev. A} {\bf 67} (2003), 051402(R)] that the equation for the marginal Wigner distribution in an optical lattice admits a scale-free distribution corresponding to Tsallis statistics. Here we show that this distribution is invariant under an asymptotic symmetry of the equation, hence that this scale-free behavior can be understood in terms of symmetry analysis.
The Effects of China's Tariff Reductions on EU Agricultural Exports
Creators: name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: China
subject: WTO
subject: agricultural trade
subject: tariffs
subject: demand functions
subject: estimation

description: China's accession to the WTO means significant increases in export opportunities for China's trading partners. This study attempts to identify and measure quantitatively the effects of changing economic environment and trade policies on China's agricultural imports from the European Union (EU). The approach is to estimate demand functions for China's agri-food imports from the EU using semi-annual data from 1980 to 2000. The demand functions are used to measure the impacts of relative-price and trade policy changes on EU agricultural exports to China. The results suggest that in China, there is a relatively strong demand response for agrifood imports to changes in income and prices. Furthermore, the results indicate that relative-price variations affect significantly the export market shares of the EU. Trade liberalisation in the form of tariff reductions is found to be relatively significant in changing the quantity of agri-food imports demand from China.
Sugar Quotas and Crop Production Efficiency
Creators: name: Bjerre, Markus
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
name: Bjerre, Markus
name: Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: sugar production
subject: quota
subject: contracts
subject: efficiency loss

description: The paper deals with problems concerning the current sugar policy within the Common Agricultural Policy, especially the efficiency losses due to the combination of high prices and quota on subsidised sugar production. Based on a simple econometric model, the total economic costs of the current policy setting, compared with an unregulated setting, are estimated to be in the area of 20 per cent of the total sugar production, valued at world market prices. Of these costs, some 10 per cent are due to inefficiency in the crop production, as the opportunity costs of land are not taken into account because the sugar price support within the quota overrules these opportunity costs. However, according to the estimates obtained in the present study, the main economic gains by reducing the internal prices are to be found in terms of reduced
Static and dynamic testing of MIDPLY TM shear wall system
Creators: name: Buitelaar, Marlen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The work documented in this thesis constitutes the second year of the three-year MIDPLY™ project. The MIDPLY™ shear wall system is a new invention for strengthening new and existing light frame timber buildings against earthquakes and high ' winds. The system needed to be tested before its implementation in the field (US Patent US5782054: Wood Wall Structure). As part of an ongoing research project undertaken by Forintek Canada Corp. and the University of British Columbia, the MIDPLY™ shear wall system was designed, tested, and developed in order to procure an improved product over the conventional shear wall presently used in construction. The objective of this project was three-fold: 1. Improve the behaviour of timber shear walls by utilizing conventional timber products combined with new technology - the MIDPLY™ wall. 2. Quantify the improvements though full-scale static and dynamic testing of the MIDPLY™ shear walls. 3. Determine failure modes and load-displacement characteristics of the MIDPLY™ walls. The work in this thesis comprises of static testing, dynamic testing, structural modeling, and shear wall connection design and implementation. Several configurations of 2.44m x 2.44m walls were tested statically at Forintek Canada Corp., where from three configurations were chosen to be tested dynamically at the Earthquake Engineering Laboaratory at UBC. The configurations of MIDPLY™ walls were tested under two different earthquake records. In total, 40 static tests, which include monotonic and reversed cyclic tests, and 6 dynamic tests were performed as part of the scope of this thesis. Throughout the testing, the parameters that were varied were lumber size, stud spacing, lumber type, loading protocol, hold down connection type, and vertical loading. The results of the testing clearly showed the strengths and weaknesses of the MIDPLY™ shear wall system. Two strengths were that the MIDPLY™ wall could withstand higher loads and displacements than the conventional light frame timber shear wall used in most buildings in North America. Also, some common failure modes from other walls were eliminated. The weakness was that the wall sometimes failed in a brittle manner through end-stud failure. The future plans of the MIDPLY™ project include new connection designs to further improve racking performance.
The beautiful mess in Abell 2255
Creators: name: Botteon, A.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Pizzo, R. F.
name: Cassano, R.
name: Iacobelli, M.
name: Gastaldello, F.
name: Bîrzan, L.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Cuciti, V.
name: Dallacasa, D.
name: de Gasperin, F.
name: Di Gennaro, G.
name: Drabent, A.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Hoeft, M.
name: Mandal, S.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Simionescu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present LOFAR observations of one of the most spectacular objects in the radio sky: Abell 2255. This is a nearby ($z = 0.0806$) merging galaxy cluster hosting one of the first radio halos ever detected in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). The deep LOFAR images at 144 MHz of the central $\sim10$ Mpc$^2$ region show a plethora of emission on different scales, from tens of kpc to above Mpc sizes. In this work, we focus on the innermost region of the cluster. Among the numerous interesting features observed, we discover remarkable bright and filamentary structures embedded in the radio halo. We incorporate archival WSRT 1.2 GHz data to study the spectral properties of the diffuse synchrotron emission and find a very complex spectral index distribution in the halo spanning a wide range of values. We combine the radio data with Chandra observations to investigate the connection between the thermal and non-thermal components by quantitatively comparing the radio and X-ray surface brightness and the spectral index of the radio emission with the thermodynamical quantities of the ICM. Despite the multitude of structures observed in the radio halo, we find that the X-ray and radio emission are overall well correlated. The fact that the steepest spectrum emission is located in the cluster center and traces regions with high entropy possibly suggests the presence of seed particles injected by radio galaxies that are spread in the ICM by turbulence generating the extended radio halo.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables (including appendix). Accepted for publication in ApJ
In Schwellenzeiten : Der Deutsche Pavillon der Venedig Biennale 2024
Creators: name: Tinius, Jonas
Publisher: name: Universität des Saarlandes
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 300

description: The research leading to this publication were supported by the project “Minor Universality. Narrative World Productions After Western Universalism”, which received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant no. 819931).
Demand for and Value of Credence Characteristics: Case Beef
Creators: name: Latvala, Terhi
name: Kola, Jukka
name: Latvala, Terhi
name: Kola, Jukka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: beef
subject: information
subject: credence attributes
subject: contingent valuation
subject: willingness to pay

description: The aim of this study is to evaluate both qualitatively and quantitatively the value of new information about and the information systems set for credence characteristics of beef. Economics of information is our theoretical framework. The quantitative approach focuses to measure the ex ante value of credence characteristics, and the method of contingent valuation is applied for this purpose. Results indicate that 59 % of Finnish consumers are willing to pay more to get information about safety and quality of beef products. Consumers are most concerned with diseases caused by food of animal origin. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are not considered as the mosthazardous risk factor in food products. However, if the beef products contain GMOs used in animals, then consumers also start requiring additional information.
Back-action noise in strongly interacting systems: the dc SQUID and the interacting quantum point-contact
Creators: name: Clerk, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the back-action noise and measurement efficiency (i.e. noise temperature) of a dc SQUID amplifier, and equivalently, a quantum point contact detector formed in a Luttinger liquid. Using a mapping to a dissipative tight-binding model, we show that these systems are able to reach the quantum limit even in regimes where several independent transport processes contribute to the current. We suggest how this is related to the underlying integrability of these systems.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Foreigners Nowhere (Stranieri da Nessuna Parte) : Una riflessione sulla curatela della Biennale di Venezia 2024
Creators: name: Tinius, Jonas
Publisher: name: Universität des Saarlandes
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 700

description: The research leading to this publication was supported by the project “Minor Universality. Narrative World Productions After Western Universalism”, which received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant no. 819931).
Tunable spin transport in CrAs: role of correlation effects
Creators: name: Chioncel, L.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: de Wijs, G. A.
name: de Groot, R. A.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Correlation effects on the electronic structure of half-metallic CrAs in zinc-blende structure are studied for different substrate lattice constants. Depending on the substrate the spectral weight of the non-quasiparticle states might be tuned from a well developed value in the case of InAs substrate to an almost negligible contribution for the GaAs one. A piezoelectric material that would allow the change in the substrate lattice parameters opens the possibility for practical investigations of the switchable (tunable) non-quasiparticle states. Since the latter are important for the tunneling magnetoresistance and related phenomena it creates new opportunities in spintronics.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. accepted PRB 71, 1 (2005)
Predictions for Axion Couplings from ALP Cogenesis
Creators: name: Co, Raymond T.
name: Hall, Lawrence J.
name: Harigaya, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adding an axion-like particle (ALP) to the Standard Model, with a field velocity in the early universe, simultaneously explains the observed baryon and dark matter densities. This requires one or more couplings between the ALP and photons, nucleons, and/or electrons that are predicted as functions of the ALP mass. These predictions arise because the ratio of dark matter to baryon densities is independent of the ALP field velocity, allowing a correlation between the ALP mass, $m_a$, and decay constant, $f_a$. The predicted couplings are orders of magnitude larger than those for the QCD axion and for dark matter from the conventional ALP misalignment mechanism. As a result, this scheme, ALP cogenesis, is within reach of future experimental ALP searches from the lab and stellar objects, and for dark matter.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures