cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inverse Reinforcement Learning from a Gradient-based Learner
Creators: name: Ramponi, Giorgia
name: Drappo, Gianluca
name: Restelli, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inverse Reinforcement Learning addresses the problem of inferring an expert's reward function from demonstrations. However, in many applications, we not only have access to the expert's near-optimal behavior, but we also observe part of her learning process. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for this setting, in which the goal is to recover the reward function being optimized by an agent, given a sequence of policies produced during learning. Our approach is based on the assumption that the observed agent is updating her policy parameters along the gradient direction. Then we extend our method to deal with the more realistic scenario where we only have access to a dataset of learning trajectories. For both settings, we provide theoretical insights into our algorithms' performance. Finally, we evaluate the approach in a simulated GridWorld environment and on the MuJoCo environments, comparing it with the state-of-the-art baseline.
Singular symplectic moduli spaces
Creators: name: Kaledin, Dmitry
name: Lehn, Manfred
name: Sorger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14J60; Secondary 14D20, 14J28, 32J27

description: Moduli spaces of semistable sheaves on a K3 or abelian surface with respect to a general ample divisor are shown to be locally factorial, with the exception of symmetric products of a K3 or abelian surface and the class of moduli spaces found by O'Grady. Consequently, since singular moduli space that do not belong to these exceptional cases have singularities in codimension $\geq4$ they do no admit projective symplectic resolutions.
Super-resolved multispectral lensless microscopy via angle-tilted, wavelength-multiplexed ptychographic modulation
Creators: name: Song, Pengming
name: Wang, Ruihai
name: Zhu, Jiakai
name: Wang, Tianbo
name: Bian, Zichao
name: Zhang, Zibang
name: Hoshino, Kazunori
name: Murphy, Michael
name: Jiang, Shaowei
name: Guo, Chengfei
name: Zheng, Guoan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We report an angle-tilted, wavelength-multiplexed ptychographic modulation approach for multispectral lensless on-chip microscopy. In this approach, we illuminate the specimen with lights at 5 wavelengths simultaneously. A prism is added at the illumination path for spectral dispersion. Lightwaves at different wavelengths, thus, hit the specimen at slightly different incident angles, breaking the ambiguities in mixed state ptychographic reconstruction. At the detection path, we place a thin diffuser in-between the specimen and the monochromatic image sensor for encoding the spectral information into 2D intensity measurements. By scanning the sample to different x-y positions, we acquire a sequence of monochromatic images for reconstructing the 5 complex object profiles at the 5 wavelengths. An up-sampling procedure is integrated into the recovery process to bypass the resolution limit imposed by the imager pixel size. We demonstrate a half-pitch resolution of 0.55 microns using an image sensor with 1.85-micron pixel size. We also demonstrate quantitative and high-quality multispectral reconstructions of stained tissue sections for digital pathology applications.
Power-associative, conjugacy closed loops
Creators: name: Kinyon, Michael K.
name: Kunen, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20N05

description: We study conjugacy closed loops (CC-loops) and power-associative CC-loops (PACC-loops). If $Q$ is a PACC-loop with nucleus $N$, then $Q/N$ is an abelian group of exponent 12; if in addition $Q$ is finite, then $|Q|$ is divisible by 16 or by 27. There are eight nonassociative PACC-loops of order 16, three of which are not extra loops. There are eight nonassociative PACC-loops of order 27, four of which have the automorphic inverse property. We also study some special elements in loops, such as Moufang elements, weak inverse property (WIP) elements, and extra elements. In a CC-loop, the set of WIP and the set of extra elements are normal subloops. For each $c$ in a PACC-loop, $c^3$ is WIP, $c^6$ is extra, and $c^{12} \in N$.
description: 31 pages, 12pt amsart; v.3: further revisions after second round of refereeing
RHIC results from LHC perspectives
Creators: name: Salgado, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RHIC data opens new ways of characterizing the medium created in a heavy ion collision by measuring particles with high transverse momentum. In addition to the observation of the predicted jet quenching, the new data on particle correlations indicate that a strong modification of the jet-like shapes is driven by the dynamical properties of the medium. I will review the lessons we are learning from RHIC and outline some new directions which could become of primary importance at the LHC.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Plenary talk given at Quark Matter 2005 Conference, Budapest, Hungary, 4-9 Aug 2005
Additional file 2 of A novel culture method that sustains ERα signaling in human breast cancer tissue microstructures
Creators: name: Cartaxo, Ana Luísa
name: Estrada, Marta F.
name: Domenici, Giacomo
name: Roque, Ruben
name: Silva, Fernanda
name: Gualda, Emilio J.
name: Loza-Alvarez, Pablo
name: Sflomos, George
name: Brisken, Cathrin
name: Alves, Paula M.
name: Saudade André
name: Brito, Catarina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. a Metabolic activity was assessed along culture. b Immunohistochemistry analysis of p63 (myoepithelial cells) at 1 month of culture (scale bar: 60 μm). c Metabolic activity was assessed in encapsulated and non-encapsulated tissue microstructures derived from the same patients.
Additional file 3 of A novel culture method that sustains ERα signaling in human breast cancer tissue microstructures
Creators: name: Cartaxo, Ana Luísa
name: Estrada, Marta F.
name: Domenici, Giacomo
name: Roque, Ruben
name: Silva, Fernanda
name: Gualda, Emilio J.
name: Loza-Alvarez, Pablo
name: Sflomos, George
name: Brisken, Cathrin
name: Alves, Paula M.
name: Saudade André
name: Brito, Catarina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. a Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for ERα of MDA-MB-231 (ER-negative cell line) cells cultured in 2D (scale: 200 μm). b ERα gene (ESR1) expression in encapsulated microstructures cultured for 1 month relatively to MDA-MB-231 cells.
Public Inputs and Endogenous Growth in the Agricultural Sector: a Dynamic Dual Approach
Creators: name: Onofri, Alejandro
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
name: Onofri, Alejandro
name: Fulginiti, Lilyan E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Development

description: This paper examines growth in the U.S. agricultural sector under the conditions hypothesized by endogenous growth theory. Public capital and R&D are explicitly considered to capture the effects of public inputs in a model based on dynamic duality theory. Results support some necessary conditions for this hypothesis to be true.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Asbjørnsen, Peter Christen
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1860

description: Ber om pengestøtte til utgivelsen av en bok
description: Brevet er undertegnet også av Frederik Christian Schübeler. Polydoc nr. 1: 4336. Polydoc nr. 2: 3431.
EXPORTERS' MARKET POWER IN AGRICULTURAL IMPORT MARKETS IN KOREA
Creators: name: Yang, Seung-Ryong
name: Lee, Won-Jin
name: Yang, Seung-Ryong
name: Lee, Won-Jin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Korea relies more than 70 percent of food supply on a limited number of exporting counties. If the suppliers possess market power, the food security matters. This study tested whether the major exporting countries of corn and wheat have power of determining market prices and enjoy oligopolistic profit in Korea. The empirical results indicate that Korea shows a high degree of import loyalty toward U.S. products. It is evident that the U.S. and Australia have market power in the wheat market, while no distinct power is detected in the corn market. The result for the corn market seems to reflect the severe price competition between the two major exporters, the U.S. and China. It is also shown that the launch of the WTO does not significantly change the structure of market power in the markets considered.
VidCEP: Complex Event Processing Framework to Detect Spatiotemporal Patterns in Video Streams
Creators: name: Yadav, Piyush
name: Curry, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Video data is highly expressive and has traditionally been very difficult for a machine to interpret. Querying event patterns from video streams is challenging due to its unstructured representation. Middleware systems such as Complex Event Processing (CEP) mine patterns from data streams and send notifications to users in a timely fashion. Current CEP systems have inherent limitations to query video streams due to their unstructured data model and lack of expressive query language. In this work, we focus on a CEP framework where users can define high-level expressive queries over videos to detect a range of spatiotemporal event patterns. In this context, we propose: i) VidCEP, an in-memory, on the fly, near real-time complex event matching framework for video streams. The system uses a graph-based event representation for video streams which enables the detection of high-level semantic concepts from video using cascades of Deep Neural Network models, ii) a Video Event Query language (VEQL) to express high-level user queries for video streams in CEP, iii) a complex event matcher to detect spatiotemporal video event patterns by matching expressive user queries over video data. The proposed approach detects spatiotemporal video event patterns with an F-score ranging from 0.66 to 0.89. VidCEP maintains near real-time performance with an average throughput of 70 frames per second for 5 parallel videos with sub-second matching latency.
description: 10 pages, 19 figures, Paper published in IEEE BigData 2019
Quantization as a dimensional reduction phenomenon
Creators: name: Gozzi, E.
name: Mauro, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical mechanics, in the operatorial formulation of Koopman and von Neumann, can be written also in a functional form. In this form two Grassmann partners of time make their natural appearance extending in this manner time to a three dimensional supermanifold. Quantization is then achieved by a process of dimensional reduction of this supermanifold. We prove that this procedure is equivalent to the well-known method of geometric quantization.
description: 19 pages, Talk given by EG at the conference "On the Present Status of Quantum Mechanics", Mali Losinj, Croatia, September 2005. New results are contained in the last part of the paper
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of fosfomycin resistance and gene mutations in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Yi-Chien Lee
name: Pao-Yu Chen
name: Jann-Tay Wang
name: Shan-Chwen Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Classification and Recognition of Encrypted EEG Data Neural Network
Creators: name: Liu, Yongshuang
name: Huang, Haiping
name: Xiao, Fu
name: Malekian, Reza
name: Wang, Wenming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the rapid development of Machine Learning technology applied in electroencephalography (EEG) signals, Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) has emerged as a novel and convenient human-computer interaction for smart home, intelligent medical and other Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios. However, security issues such as sensitive information disclosure and unauthorized operations have not received sufficient concerns. There are still some defects with the existing solutions to encrypted EEG data such as low accuracy, high time complexity or slow processing speed. For this reason, a classification and recognition method of encrypted EEG data based on neural network is proposed, which adopts Paillier encryption algorithm to encrypt EEG data and meanwhile resolves the problem of floating point operations. In addition, it improves traditional feed-forward neural network (FNN) by using the approximate function instead of activation function and realizes multi-classification of encrypted EEG data. Extensive experiments are conducted to explore the effect of several metrics (such as the hidden neuron size and the learning rate updated by improved simulated annealing algorithm) on the recognition results. Followed by security and time cost analysis, the proposed model and approach are validated and evaluated on public EEG datasets provided by PhysioNet, BCI Competition IV and EPILEPSIAE. The experimental results show that our proposal has the satisfactory accuracy, efficiency and feasibility compared with other solutions.
Simple scheme for two-qubit Grover search in cavity QED
Creators: name: Deng, Z. J.
name: Feng, M.
name: Gao, K. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the proposal by F. Yamaguchi et al.[Phys. Rev. A 66, 010302 (R) (2002)], we present an alternative way to implement the two-qubit Grover search algorithm in cavity QED. Compared with F. Yamaguchi et al.'s proposal, with a strong resonant classical field added, our method is insensitive to both the cavity decay and thermal field, and doesn't require that the cavity remain in the vacuum state throughout the procedure. Moreover, the qubit definitions are the same for both atoms, which makes the experiment easier. The strictly numerical simulation shows that our proposal is good enough to demonstrate a two-qubit Grover's search with high fidelity.
description: manuscript 10 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. A
The Impact of Nontraditional Retailers on Retail Dairy Prices and the Dairy CPI
Creators: name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Over the past 10 years, the growth of nontraditional retail food outlets has been of the biggest changes in the retail food market landscape. Nontraditional retailers have helped to increase the variety of shopping and food options available to consumers, and also have increased the amount of price variation in retail food markets. The current CPI for food does not fully take into account the lower price option that a nontraditional retailer offers when it enters and expands in a given geographic market. A significant difference exists between price change as measured using scanner data and the CPI estimate of price change, even for the relatively low food inflation period of 1998-2003 covered in this report. The results of this study estimate that the BLS CPI for dairy products overstates food price change by 1 to 3 percentage points per year for the dairy, eggs, and butter and margarine CPI categories.
The quartic interaction in the large-N limit of quantum field theory on a noncummutative space
Creators: name: DeBoer, Philip Albert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: With a view to understanding generic properties of quantum field theories defined on spaces with noncommuting spatial coordinates (termed noncommutative quantum field theories), two simple models are considered. The first model is a theory of bosonic vector fields having an O(N)-symmetric quartic interaction. The second model is the fermionic counterpart of the bosonic theory, and is known as the Gross-Neveu model. In both cases the study is conducted in the simplifying large-TV limit. Unlike in the commutative case, the noncommutative theory gives rise to two inequivalent quartic interactions of the form (Φ²)² and (Φ[sup i] Φ[sup j])². The latter interaction is difficult to work with, but significant progress is made for the theories containing only the former interaction.
Possible observation of phase separation near a quantum phase transition in doubly connected ultrathin superconducting cylinders of aluminum
Creators: name: Wang, H.
name: Rosario, M. M.
name: Kurz, N. A.
name: Rock, B. Y.
name: Tian, M.
name: Carrigan, P. T.
name: Liu, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic energy of superconducting electrons in an ultrathin, doubly connected superconducting cylinder, determined by the applied flux, increases as the cylinder diameter decreases, leading to a destructive regime around half-flux quanta and a superconductor to normal metal quantum phase transition (QPT). Regular step-like features in resistance vs. temperature curves taken at fixed flux values were observed near the QPT in ultrathin Al cylinders. It is proposed that these features are most likely resulted from a phase separation near the QPT in which normal regions nucleate in a homogeneous superconducting cylinder.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
"Solutocapillary Marangoni flow induced in waterbody by solute source"
Creators: name: Benouaguef, I.
name: Musunuri, N.
name: Amah, E.
name: Blackmore, D.
name: Fischer, I. S.
name: Singh, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to experimentally and analytically study the solutocapillary flow induced in a waterbody due to the presence of a solute source on its surface and the mixing induced by this flow of the solutes and gases dissolved at and near the surface into the waterbody. According to the analytic solution, the induced flow is analogous to a doublet flow in the sense that the flow is directed towards the source within a conical region with its vertex at the source, and outside the conical region the flow moves away from the source. The half cone angle for a negative source increases from $\sim$60 degrees with increasing source strength and Schmidt number reaching values greater than 80 degrees. When the cone angle is large, the outflow is restricted to a thin annular boundary layer region. These analytic results are in agreement with our experimental data obtained by the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) and PLIF (planar laser-induced fluorescence) techniques. As the solute gradient at the surface gives rise to the force that drives the flow, when the solute diffusion coefficient is reduced the flow becomes stronger and persists longer because the solute gradient is maintained for a longer time and distance. In experiments, the flow changes direction into the waterbody and the surface flow stops when the solute induced surface tension gradient driving the flow becomes comparable to the surface tension gradients that exist on the surface due to temperature gradients.
Additional file 5 of Comparative genomic analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H25 associated with a severe pediatric case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Davidson County, Tennessee, US
Creators: name: Guerra, Julio A.
name: Chengxian Zhang
name: Bard, Jonathan E.
name: Yergeau, Donald
name: Halasa, Natasha
name: Gómez-Duarte, Oscar G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5. Concatenated nucleotide sequences of 341 orthologous CDSs from 34 bacterial strains.
Pest Control in the Presence of Pest Suppression by Natural Enemies
Creators: name: Zhang, Wei
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Swinton, Scott M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The control of pests by their natural enemies represents an important ecosystem service that maintains the stability of agroecosystems and has the potential to mitigate pest control costs both to private producers and to society. Extending the "economic threshold" concept, this paper proposes an "ecological economic threshold" for pesticide use that takes into account the implicit cost of injury to natural enemies. By explicitly accounting for natural pest suppression, the ecological economic threshold can potentially make pest management more cost-effective while reducing dependence on toxic insecticides. The threshold is illustrated via an intra-seasonal dynamic bioeconomic model of soybean aphid management in Michigan, USA. A dynamic programming model quantifies the economic value of natural suppression to optimal pest control. The results highlight the importance of assessing both pest and natural enemy populations in making insecticide application decisions and accounting for the opportunity cost of insecticide use due to its collateral damage effect on natural enemies. The paper offers a preliminary, lower bound estimate of the value of natural pest predation as inferred from the insecticide input replacement cost per acre for the area where the natural enemy complex can suppress pest population below the level at which it causes damage. A sensitivity analysis shows that numerical solutions for the ecological economic threshold are sensitive to biological parameters such as predation rate and net growth rate of pest population. We recommend that future research move beyond insecticide thresholds to develop guidelines for explicit management of habitat for the natural enemies of agricultural pests.
The Expected Value of Sample Information Analysis for Nonpoint Water Quality Management
Creators: name: Sung, Hwansoo
name: Shortle, James S.
name: Sung, Hwansoo
name: Shortle, James S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water quality management
subject: value of sample information
subject: Monte Carlo simulation

description: There is considerable interest in watershed-based water quality protection. However, the approach can be highly information intensive, necessitating decisions about the types and amounts of data used to guide decisions. This study examines the Bayesian value of different types and amounts of sample information for reducing nutrient pollution in the Conestoga watershed of Pennsylvania, focusing on nitrogen from agricultural sources. Uncertainty is modeled from the perspective of a social planner seeking to maximize the economic efficiency of water quality control. A nested Monte Carlo procedure combined with an Evolutionary Optimization Strategy with Covariance Matrix Adaptation is used to compute resource allocation that optimizes the expected net benefit after updating for varying sample sizes and information types (broadly classified as pertaining to abatement costs, pollution fate and transport, and benefits of environmental protection). The results provide insights the returns from information investments to improve water quality management.
Measurement of the Strong Coupling alpha s from Four-Jet Observables in e+e- Annihilation
Creators: name: The OPAL Collaboration
name: Abbiendi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from e+e- annihilation into hadrons at centre-of-mass energies between 91 GeV and 209 GeV collected with the OPAL detector at LEP, are used to study the four-jet rate as a function of the Durham algorithm resolution parameter ycut. The four-jet rate is compared to next-to-leading order calculations that include the resummation of large logarithms. The strong coupling measured from the four-jet rate is alphas(Mz0)= 0.1182+-0.0003(stat.)+-0.0015(exp.)+-0.0011(had.)+-0.0012(scale)+-0.0013(mass) in agreement with the world average. Next-to-leading order fits to the D-parameter and thrust minor event-shape observables are also performed for the first time. We find consistent results, but with significantly larger theoretical uncertainties.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, Submitted to Euro. Phys. J. C
Slope filtrations revisited
Creators: name: Kedlaya, Kiran S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F30

description: We give a "second generation" exposition of the slope filtration theorem for modules with Frobenius action over the Robba ring, providing a number of simplifications in the arguments. Some of these are inspired by parallel work of Hartl and Pink, which points out some analogies with the formalism of stable vector bundles.
description: 75 pages; v4: corrects minor errors in 4.3.5, 4.4.2, 6.3.1
Automation of the AST3 optical sky survey from Dome~A, Antarctica
Creators: name: Ma, Bin
name: Hu, Yi
name: Shang, Zhaohui
name: Hu, Keliang
name: Wang, Yongjiang
name: Yang, Xu
name: Ashley, Michael C. B.
name: Yuan, Xiangyan
name: Wang, Lifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 0.5\,m Antarctic Survey Telescopes (AST3) were designed for time-domain optical/infrared astronomy. They are located in Dome~A, Antarctica, where they can take advantage of the continuous dark time during winter. Since the site is unattended in winter, everything for the operation, from observing to data reduction, had to be fully automated. Here, we present a brief overview of the AST3 project and some of its unique characteristics due to its location in Antarctica. We summarise the various components of the survey, including the customized hardware and software, that make complete automation possible.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
EXAMINING THE POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF FEDERALLY SUBSIDIZED FARM SAVINGS ACCOUNTS FOR DAIRY FARMERS
Creators: name: Enahoro, Dolapo K.
name: Gloy, Brent A.
name: Enahoro, Dolapo K.
name: Gloy, Brent A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Financial data from a panel of New York dairy farms was analyzed to examine the potential benefits of establishing federally subsidized farm savings accounts for dairy farmers. The paper examines whether farmers would have sufficient cash flow to fund the accounts, how the accounts would influence farm income variability, and how program design influences eligibility for the benefits received from the accounts.
Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) spawning migrations in the Duncan River : insights from telemetry and DNA
Creators: name: O'Brien, David Sean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Radio telemetry and microsatellite DNA analyses were used to describe spawning migrations and the spatial scale of genetic differentiation among populations of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Duncan River system, southeastern British Columbia. Over two years, 66 radio-tagged bull trout were tracked to destinations in the upper Duncan River. The distribution of bull trout by destination in the upper Duncan River and migration timing among all destinations did not vary between the two study years. One third o f bull trout tracked for two spawning migrations switched spawning stream from one year to the next. There was also a trend for increasing size of radio-tagged bull trout with spawning stream size. This suggests that bull trout in the upper Duncan River do not have fidelity at the scale of individual spawning stream. Microsatellite DNA analysis of juvenile bull trout from two spawning streams in the upper Duncan River indicate that there is little between stream variation. Exact tests of population differentiation over allele frequencies of six polymorphic microsatellite loci suggest no significant genetic differentiation between the two spawning streams. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) partitioned a small (< 1%) but significant amount of genetic variance to the between spawning stream variance partition. The estimate of between spawning stream FST was 0.01. These estimates of l ow genetic variation between spawning streams, especially when combined with direct evidence from telemetry, suggest that bull trout in the upper Duncan River do not home at the scale of individual spawning streams.
Additional file 3 of Comparative genomic analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H25 associated with a severe pediatric case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Davidson County, Tennessee, US
Creators: name: Guerra, Julio A.
name: Chengxian Zhang
name: Bard, Jonathan E.
name: Yergeau, Donald
name: Halasa, Natasha
name: Gómez-Duarte, Oscar G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Strains used for comparative analysis. Table S2. Strains used for phylogenetic analysis.
Mesoscopic Phase Separation in Anisotropic Superconductors
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General properties of anisotropic superconductors with mesoscopic phase separation are analysed. The main conclusions are as follows: Mesoscopic phase separation can be thermodynamically stable only in the presence of repulsive Coulomb interactions. Phase separation enables the appearance of superconductivity in a heterophase sample even if it were impossible in pure-phase matter. Phase separation is crucial for the occurrence of superconductivity in bad conductors. Critical temperature for a mixture of pairing symmetries is higher than the critical temperature related to any pure gap-wave symmetry of this mixture. In bad conductors, the critical temperature as a function of the superconductivity fraction has a bell shape. Phase separation makes the single-particle energy dispersion softer. For planar structures phase separation suppresses d-wave superconductivity and enhances s-wave superconductivity. These features are in agreement with experiments for cuprates.
description: Revtex file, 25 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 4 of Comparative genomic analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H25 associated with a severe pediatric case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Davidson County, Tennessee, US
Creators: name: Guerra, Julio A.
name: Chengxian Zhang
name: Bard, Jonathan E.
name: Yergeau, Donald
name: Halasa, Natasha
name: Gómez-Duarte, Oscar G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: List of the 341 conserved CDSs from E. coli K-12 MG1655 strain.
Generating global crop distribution maps: from census to grid
Creators: name: You, Liangzhi
name: Wood, Stanley
name: Wood-Sichra, Ulrike
name: You, Liangzhi
name: Wood, Stanley
name: Wood-Sichra, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In order to evaluate food security, technology potential and the environmental impacts of production in a strategic and regional context, it is critical to have reliable information on the spatial distribution and coincidence of people, agricultural production, and environmental services. This paper proposes a spatial allocation model for generating highly disaggregated, crop-specific production data by a triangulation of any and all relevant background and partial information. This includes national or sub-national crop production statistics, satellite data on land cover, maps of irrigated areas, biophysical crop suitability assessments, population density, secondary data on irrigation and rainfed production systems, cropping intensity, and crop prices. This information is compiled and integrated to generate "prior" estimates of the spatial distribution of individual crops. Priors are then submitted to an optimization model that uses cross-entropy principles and area and production accounting constraints to simultaneously allocate crops into the individual pixels of a GIS database. The result for each pixel (notionally of any size, but typically from 25 to 100 square km) is the area and production of each crop produced, split by the shares grown under irrigated, high-input rainfed, low-input rainfed conditions (each with distinct yield levels). Tested in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa, the spatial allocation model is applied here to generate a global distribution of crop area and production for 20 major crops (wheat, rice, maize, barley, millet, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, cassava and yams, plantain and banana, soybean, dry beans, other pulse, sugar cane, sugar beets, coffee, cotton, other fibres, groundnuts, and other oil crops). The detailed spatial datasets represent a truly unique and extremely rich platform for exploring the social, economic and environmental consequences of agricultural production in a strategic policy context.
The Archaeology of Insurrection: An investigation into the subsistence behaviours of the Batavia survivors
Creators: name: Marwick, Ben
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1999
Subjects: archaeology

description: The aims of this thesis are to investigate the how the two different groups from the Batavia survived the crises of shipwreck and mutiny through an analysis of archaeological faunal data and documentary sources. Two faunal assemblages were compared; one representing the survivors on Beacon Island and the other representing the survivors on West Wallabi Island. The documentary sources contain details on both groups, suggesting that the mutineers and other survivors on Beacon Island subsisted mainly on salvaged food and scarce native fauna, while the soldiers and other survivors on West Wallabi Island subsisted entirely on abundant native fauna. The crisis of shipwreck is defined as the transition from the relatively predictable social and subsistence conditions on board the Batavia to 'the difficult dynamics of individual or group isolation, and the necessities to salvage, adapt and survive in unfamiliar and potentially hostile environments' (Gibbs n.d.:1). In this context the crisis of mutiny is defined as the separation of the survivors into two hostile groups with different social organisations and potentially different subsistence resources.
description: This thesis was submitted to the University of Western Australia in 1999 to fulfil the requirement of the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours, First Class)
Unsere ökumenische Aufgabe im Licht der Geschichte
Creators: name: Visser't Hooft, Willem A.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 4 Nr. 3 (1955): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 4, Heft 3
Shapley Supercluster Survey: mapping the dark matter distribution
Creators: name: Higuchi, Yuichi
name: Okabe, Nobuhiro
name: Merluzzi, Paola
name: Haines, Christopher Paul
name: Busarello, Giovanni
name: Grado, Aniello
name: Mercurio, Amata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 23deg$^2$ weak gravitational lensing survey of the Shapley supercluster core and its surroundings using $gri$ VST images as part of the Shapley Supercluster Survey (ShaSS). This study reveals the overall matter distribution over a region containing 11 clusters at $z{\sim}0.048$ that are all interconnected, as well as several ongoing cluster-cluster interactions. Galaxy shapes have been measured by using the Kaiser-Squires-Broadhurst method for the $g$- and $r$-band images and background galaxies were selected via the $gri$ colour-colour diagram. This technique has allowed us to detect all of the clusters, either in the $g$-band or $r$-band images, although at different $σ$ levels, indicating that the underlying dark matter distribution is tightly correlated with the number density of the member galaxies. The deeper $r$-band images have traced the five interacting clusters in the supercluster core as a single coherent structure, confirmed the presence of a filament extending North from the core, and have revealed a background cluster at $z{\sim}0.17$. We have measured the masses of the four richest clusters (A3556, A3558, A3560 and A3562) in the two-dimensional shear pattern, assuming a spherical Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile and obtaining a total mass of $\mathcal{M}_{\rm ShaSS,WL}{=}1.56^{+0.81}_{-0.55}{\times}10^{15\,}{\rm M}_{\odot}$, which is consistent with dynamical and X-ray studies. Our analysis provides further evidence of the ongoing dynamical evolution in the ShaSS region.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Validity of Contested Title to Territory in Frozen Conflict Zones: The Case of Nagorno Karabakh with Particular Reference to the 2020 War
Creators: name: Jankovic, Sava
name: Roeben, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Title to territory
recognition
effectiveness
conflict zones
right to self-determination

description: In many frozen conflict zones, the validity of a recognised title to territory could be contested on normative and factual grounds. In the case of Nagorno Karabakh (NK), the Azerbaijani internationally recognized title could be contested and reassessed based on the right of the local Armenian population to self-determination. The 2020 six-week war also provides arguments that could impinge upon the Azerbaijani title, in particular, its recourse to force and misconduct during the war as well as the Armistice Agreement ending the war, which conferred upon Russia security guarantees. It could furthermore be challenged on the ground of the ineffectiveness, the long-lasting effective occupation of that land, or the ongoing peace process led by the OSCE Minsk Group, which favours a negotiated settlement and or on account of the behaviour of states in international organizations, such as voting for UN General Assembly resolutions. Finally, it could be argued that in the recent conflict Azerbaijan appeared to treat NK more as a “grey zone” than its own territory and breached the due diligence precept by inviting mercenaries, endangering international energy security, and expecting impunity.

The article aims to clarify the validity of a recognised but contested title to territory in frozen conflicts through the lens of the NK case. It develops a matrix that permits to contrast the title with grounds that may challenge it and to evaluate whether those grounds are sufficient to dispossess the current titleholder of its right to the territory in question. The article concludes that both normative and factual challenging grounds currently do not erode the Azerbaijani title and as long as derecognition does not occur the title should be considered valid. The article’s principal contribution lies in this expandable matrix through which analysts may evaluate contested title to territory in this and similar frozen conflicts.
IMPROVING VERTICAL COORDINATION FROM FARM-TO-PLANT USING A COOPERATIVE
Creators: name: Prasertsri, Peerapon
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Prasertsri, Peerapon
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The drive to make the food delivery system more efficient is affecting milk marketing cooperatives. This paper analyzes ways to improve the vertical coordination between the farm and the processing level via a cooperative through a more efficient transportation system.
Additional file 2 of Comparative genomic analysis of a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145:H25 associated with a severe pediatric case of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Davidson County, Tennessee, US
Creators: name: Guerra, Julio A.
name: Chengxian Zhang
name: Bard, Jonathan E.
name: Yergeau, Donald
name: Halasa, Natasha
name: Gómez-Duarte, Oscar G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Insertion sequence analysis. Table S2. LEE- and non-LEE-encoded effectors analysis.
Measurement of Azimuthal Asymmetries in Inclusive Production of Hadron Pairs in e+e- Annihilation at Belle
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
name: Seidl, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Collins effect connects transverse quark spin with a measurable azimuthal dependence in the yield of hadronic fragments around the quark's momentum vector. Using two different reconstruction methods we observe statistically significant azimuthal asymmetries for charged pion pairs in e+e- annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 10.52 GeV, which can be attributed to a transverse polarization of the primordial quarks. The measurement was performed using a sample of 79 million hadronic events collected with the Belle detector.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
ExoTiC-ISM: A Python package for marginalised exoplanet transit parameters across a grid of systematic instrument models
Creators: name: Laginja, Iva
name: Wakeford, Hannah R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To address the the problem of calibration of instrument systematics in transit light curves, we present the Python package ExoTiC-ISM. Transit spectroscopy can reveal many different chemical components in exoplanet atmospheres, but such results depend on well-calibrated transit light curve observations. Each transit data set will contain instrument systematics that depend on the instrument used and will need to be calibrated out with an instrument systematic model. The proposed solution in Wakeford et al. (2016) (arXiv:1601.02587 [astro-ph.EP]) is to use a marginalisation across a grid of systematic models in order to retrieve marginalised transit parameters. Doing this over observations in multiple wavelengths yields a robust transmission spectrum of an exoplanet. ExoTiC-ISM provides tools to perform this analysis, and its current capability contains a systematic grid that is applicable to the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) detector on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), particularly for the two infrared grisms G141 and G102. By modularisation of the code and implementation of more systematic grids, ExoTiC-ISM can be used for other instruments, and an implementation for select detectors on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will provide robust transit spectra in the future.
description: 5 pages, published in JOSS
IDENTITY PRESERVATION AND FALSE NON-GMO LABELING IN THE FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN
Creators: name: Saak, Alexander E.
name: Saak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper addresses two issues pertaining to the market differentiation between non-genetically modified and genetically modified food varieties. First, a cost-efficiency explanation of the discrepancy between the observed shares of identity preserved non-genetically modified variety and the total supply of the variety is provided. Second, it is shown that when products can be falsely labeled as non-genetically modified, the share of false labeling depends on the level of identity preservation. Also in this context, it is demonstrated that the share of falsely labeled supply can increase in response to harsher fines.
ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL OF A RAINFALL BASED INSURANCE INDEX AND RAINFALL OPTIONS IN ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
Creators: name: Veeramani, Venkat N.
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Veeramani, Venkat N.
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Crop insurance is an alternative risk management technique available to farmers for stabilizing their revenue risk and schemes based on area yield have been in operation for quite some time. Here rainfall based insurance indices and options are suggested as a replacement for the expensive area yield programs. Instead of direct premium subsidies which are distorting, premium subsidy is taken as a function of adverse deviation of rainfall from the mean. A sensitivity analysis at different revenue elasticity levels with respect to rainfall was performed. Potential for private insurer's and reinsurer's participation exists with rainfall based index and options.