Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $Λ$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation
Creators: name: Euclid Collaboration
name: Adamek, J.
name: Fiorini, B.
name: Baldi, M.
name: Brando, G.
name: Breton, M. -A.
name: Hassani, F.
name: Koyama, K.
name: Brun, A. M. C. Le
name: Rácz, G.
name: Winther, H. -A.
name: Casalino, A.
name: Hernández-Aguayo, C.
name: Li, B.
name: Potter, D.
name: Altamura, E.
name: Carbone, C.
name: Giocoli, C.
name: Mota, D. F.
name: Pourtsidou, A.
name: Sakr, Z.
name: Vernizzi, F.
name: Amara, A.
name: Andreon, S.
name: Auricchio, N.
name: Baccigalupi, C.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Battaglia, P.
name: Bonino, D.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Brinchmann, J.
name: Caillat, A.
name: Camera, S.
name: Capobianco, V.
name: Cardone, V. F.
name: Carretero, J.
name: Casas, S.
name: Castander, F. J.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Castignani, G.
name: Cavuoti, S.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Colodro-Conde, C.
name: Congedo, G.
name: Conselice, C. J.
name: Conversi, L.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Courtois, H. M.
name: Da Silva, A.
name: Degaudenzi, H.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: Douspis, M.
name: Dubath, F.
name: Dupac, X.
name: Dusini, S.
name: Farina, M.
name: Farrens, S.
name: Ferriol, S.
name: Fosalba, P.
name: Frailis, M.
name: Franceschi, E.
name: Fumana, M.
name: Galeotta, S.
name: Gillis, B.
name: Gómez-Alvarez, P.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Grupp, F.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Haugan, S. V. H.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Hormuth, F.
name: Hornstrup, A.
name: Ilić, S.
name: Jahnke, K.
name: Jhabvala, M.
name: Joachimi, B.
name: Keihänen, E.
name: Kermiche, S.
name: Kiessling, A.
name: Kilbinger, M.
name: Kubik, B.
name: Kümmel, M.
name: Kunz, M.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Lindholm, V.
name: Lloro, I.
name: Mainetti, G.
name: Maiorano, E.
name: Mansutti, O.
name: Marggraf, O.
name: Markovic, K.
name: Martinelli, M.
name: Martinet, N.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Massey, R.
name: Medinaceli, E.
name: Mei, S.
name: Melchior, M.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Merlin, E.
name: Meylan, G.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Neissner, C.
name: Niemi, S. -M.
name: Padilla, C.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Pedersen, K.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Pettorino, V.
name: Pires, S.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Poncet, M.
name: Popa, L. A.
name: Pozzetti, L.
name: Raison, F.
name: Renzi, A.
name: Rhodes, J.
name: Riccio, G.
name: Romelli, E.
name: Roncarelli, M.
name: Saglia, R.
name: Sánchez, A. G.
name: Sapone, D.
name: Sartoris, B.
name: Schirmer, M.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Secroun, A.
name: Seidel, G.
name: Serrano, S.
name: Sirignano, C.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Stanco, L.
name: Steinwagner, J.
name: Tallada-Crespí, P.
name: Tavagnacco, D.
name: Tereno, I.
name: Toledo-Moreo, R.
name: Torradeflot, F.
name: Tutusaus, I.
name: Valentijn, E. A.
name: Valenziano, L.
name: Vassallo, T.
name: Kleijn, G. Verdoes
name: Veropalumbo, A.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Weller, J.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Biviano, A.
name: Burigana, C.
name: Calabrese, M.
name: Di Ferdinando, D.
name: Vigo, J. A. Escartin
name: Fabbian, G.
name: Finelli, F.
name: Gracia-Carpio, J.
name: Matthew, S.
name: Mauri, N.
name: Pezzotta, A.
name: Pöntinen, M.
name: Scottez, V.
name: Tenti, M.
name: Viel, M.
name: Wiesmann, M.
name: Akrami, Y.
name: Allevato, V.
name: Anselmi, S.
name: Archidiacono, M.
name: Atrio-Barandela, F.
name: Balaguera-Antolinez, A.
name: Ballardini, M.
name: Blanchard, A.
name: Blot, L.
name: Böhringer, H.
name: Borgani, S.
name: Bruton, S.
name: Cabanac, R.
name: Calabro, A.
name: Quevedo, B. Camacho
name: Cañas-Herrera, G.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Caro, F.
name: Carvalho, C. S.
name: Castro, T.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Contarini, S.
name: Cooray, A. R.
name: Desprez, G.
name: Díaz-Sánchez, A.
name: Diaz, J. J.
name: Di Domizio, S.
name: Dole, H.
name: Escoffier, S.
name: Ferrari, A. G.
name: Ferreira, P. G.
name: Ferrero, I.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Fornari, F.
name: Gabarra, L.
name: Ganga, K.
name: García-Bellido, J.
name: Gasparetto, T.
name: Gautard, V.
name: Gaztanaga, E.
name: Giacomini, F.
name: Gianotti, F.
name: Gozaliasl, G.
name: Gutierrez, C. M.
name: Hall, A.
name: Hildebrandt, H.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Muñoz, A. Jimenez
name: Joudaki, S.
name: Kajava, J. J. E.
name: Kansal, V.
name: Karagiannis, D.
name: Kirkpatrick, C. C.
name: Kruk, S.
name: Graet, J. Le
name: Legrand, L.
name: Lesgourgues, J.
name: Liaudat, T. I.
name: Loureiro, A.
name: Maggio, G.
name: Magliocchetti, M.
name: Mannucci, F.
name: Maoli, R.
name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Maurin, L.
name: Metcalf, R. B.
name: Migliaccio, M.
name: Miluzio, M.
name: Monaco, P.
name: Montoro, A.
name: Mora, A.
name: Moretti, C.
name: Morgante, G.
name: Nadathur, S.
name: Patrizii, L.
name: Popa, V.
name: Reimberg, P.
name: Risso, I.
name: Rocci, P. -F.
name: Sahlén, M.
name: Sarpa, E.
name: Schneider, A.
name: Sereno, M.
name: Silvestri, A.
name: Mancini, A. Spurio
name: Tanidis, K.
name: Tao, C.
name: Tessore, N.
name: Testera, G.
name: Teyssier, R.
name: Toft, S.
name: Tosi, S.
name: Troja, A.
name: Tucci, M.
name: Valieri, C.
name: Valiviita, J.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Verza, G.
name: Vielzeuf, P.
name: Walton, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To constrain models beyond $Λ$CDM, the development of the Euclid analysis pipeline requires simulations that capture the nonlinear phenomenology of such models. We present an overview of numerical methods and $N$-body simulation codes developed to study the nonlinear regime of structure formation in alternative dark energy and modified gravity theories. We review a variety of numerical techniques and approximations employed in cosmological $N$-body simulations to model the complex phenomenology of scenarios beyond $Λ$CDM. This includes discussions on solving nonlinear field equations, accounting for fifth forces, and implementing screening mechanisms. Furthermore, we conduct a code comparison exercise to assess the reliability and convergence of different simulation codes across a range of models. Our analysis demonstrates a high degree of agreement among the outputs of different simulation codes, providing confidence in current numerical methods for modelling cosmic structure formation beyond $Λ$CDM. We highlight recent advances made in simulating the nonlinear scales of structure formation, which are essential for leveraging the full scientific potential of the forthcoming observational data from the Euclid mission.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix; submitted on behalf of the Euclid Collaboration