cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radio multifrequency observations of galaxy clusters. The Abell 399$-$401 pair
Creators: name: Nunhokee, C. D.
name: Bernardi, G.
name: Manti, S.
name: Govoni, F.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Venturi, T.
name: Dallacasa, D.
name: Murgia, M.
name: Orrú, E.
name: Pizzo, R. F.
name: Smirnov, O. M.
name: Vacca, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters are assembled via merging of smaller structures, in a process that generates shocks and turbulence in the intra cluster medium and produces radio diffuse emission in the form of halos and relics. The cluster pair A399-A401 represents a special case: both clusters host a radio halo. Recent Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) observations at 140 MHz revealed the presence of a radio bridge connecting the two clusters along with two relic candidates. These relics include one South of A399 and the other in between the two clusters, in proximity of a shock front detected in X-ray observations. In this paper we present observations of the A399-A401 cluster pair at 1.7, 1.4, 1.2 GHz and 346 MHz from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT). We detect the radio halo in the A399 cluster at 346 MHz, extending up to $\sim 650$ kpc and with a $125 \pm 6$ mJy flux density. Its spectral index between 140 MHz and 346 MHz is $α= 1.75 \pm 0.14$. The two candidate relics are also seen at 346 MHz and we determine their spectral indices to be $α= 1.10 \pm 0.14$ and $α= 1.46 \pm 0.14$. The low surface brightness bridge connecting the two clusters is below the noise level at 346 MHz, therefore we constrain the bridge average spectral index to be steep, i.e. $α> 1.5$ at 95% confidence level. This result favours the scenario where dynamically-induced turbulence is a viable mechanism to reaccelerate a population of mildly relativistic particles and amplify magnetic fields on scales of a few Mpcs. Key words: galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 399 - radio continuum: general
description: 10 pages, 12 figures
Exploring the Sagittarius Stream with SEKBO Survey RR Lyrae Stars
Creators: name: Prior, Sayuri L
name: Da Costa, G S
name: Keller, Stefan C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sample of RR Lyrae (RRL) variables from the Southern Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt Object survey in regions overlapping the expected position of debris from the interaction of the Sagittarius (Sgr) dwarf galaxy with the Milky Way (RA ~ 20 and 21.5 h; distance 16-21 kpc) has been followed up spectroscopically and photometrically. The 21 photometrically confirmed type ab RRLs have mean [Fe/H] = -1.79 +/- 0.08, consistent with the abundances found for RRLs in a different portion of the Sgr tidal debris stream. The distribution of velocities in the Galactic standard of rest frame (V_GSR) of the 26 RRLs in the region is not consistent with a smooth halo population. Upon comparison with the Sgr disruption models of Law et al (2005), a prominent group of five stars having highly negative radial velocities (V_GSR ~ -175 kms-1) is consistent with predictions for old trailing debris when the Galactic halo is modeled as oblate. The observations also require that the recent trailing debris stream has a broader spread perpendicular to the Sgr plane than predicted by the models. We have also investigated the possible association of the Virgo Stellar Stream (VSS) with Sgr debris by comparing radial velocities for RRLs in the region with the same models, finding similarities in the velocity-position trends. As suggested by our earlier work, the stars in the VSS region with large negative V_GSR values are likely to be old leading Sgr debris, but we find that while old trailing Sgr debris may well make a contribution at positive V_GSR values, it is unlikely to fully account for the VSS feature. Overall we find that further modeling is needed, as trailing arm data generally favors oblate models while leading arm data favors prolate models, with no single potential fitting all the observed data.
description: 42 pages, 13 Figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (Abstract is abridged version, full resolution figures available at http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/~gdc/papers/)
Planar open books, monodromy factorizations, and symplectic fillings
Creators: name: Plamenevskaya, Olga
name: Van Horn-Morris, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study fillings of contact structures supported by planar open books by analyzing positive factorizations of their monodromy. Our method is based on Wendl's theorem on symplectic fillings of planar open books. We prove that every virtually overtwisted contact structure on L(p,1) has a unique filling, and describe fillable and non-fillable tight contact structures on certain Seifert fibered spaces.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
GaNDLF: A Generally Nuanced Deep Learning Framework for Scalable End-to-End Clinical Workflows in Medical Imaging
Creators: name: Pati, Sarthak
name: Thakur, Siddhesh P.
name: Hamamcı, İbrahim Ethem
name: Baid, Ujjwal
name: Baheti, Bhakti
name: Bhalerao, Megh
name: Güley, Orhun
name: Mouchtaris, Sofia
name: Lang, David
name: Thermos, Spyridon
name: Gotkowski, Karol
name: González, Camila
name: Grenko, Caleb
name: Getka, Alexander
name: Edwards, Brandon
name: Sheller, Micah
name: Wu, Junwen
name: Karkada, Deepthi
name: Panchumarthy, Ravi
name: Ahluwalia, Vinayak
name: Zou, Chunrui
name: Bashyam, Vishnu
name: Li, Yuemeng
name: Haghighi, Babak
name: Chitalia, Rhea
name: Abousamra, Shahira
name: Kurc, Tahsin M.
name: Gastounioti, Aimilia
name: Er, Sezgin
name: Bergman, Mark
name: Saltz, Joel H.
name: Fan, Yong
name: Shah, Prashant
name: Mukhopadhyay, Anirban
name: Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
name: Menze, Bjoern
name: Davatzikos, Christos
name: Kontos, Despina
name: Karargyris, Alexandros
name: Umeton, Renato
name: Mattson, Peter
name: Bakas, Spyridon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Learning (DL) has the potential to optimize machine learning in both the scientific and clinical communities. However, greater expertise is required to develop DL algorithms, and the variability of implementations hinders their reproducibility, translation, and deployment. Here we present the community-driven Generally Nuanced Deep Learning Framework (GaNDLF), with the goal of lowering these barriers. GaNDLF makes the mechanism of DL development, training, and inference more stable, reproducible, interpretable, and scalable, without requiring an extensive technical background. GaNDLF aims to provide an end-to-end solution for all DL-related tasks in computational precision medicine. We demonstrate the ability of GaNDLF to analyze both radiology and histology images, with built-in support for k-fold cross-validation, data augmentation, multiple modalities and output classes. Our quantitative performance evaluation on numerous use cases, anatomies, and computational tasks supports GaNDLF as a robust application framework for deployment in clinical workflows.
description: Deep Learning, Framework, Segmentation, Regression, Classification, Cross-validation, Data augmentation, Deployment, Clinical, Workflows
Identifying candidate genes associated with hippocampal dysfunction in a hemiparkinsonian rat model by transcriptomic profiling
Creators: name: Kim, Bohye
name: Hong, Sungmoo
name: Lee, Jeongmin
name: Kang, Sohi
name: Kim, Joong-Sun
name: Jung, Chaeyong
name: Shin, Taekyun
name: Youn, BuHyun
name: Moon, Changjong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) often results in hippocampal dysfunction, which leads to cognitive and emotional challenges and synaptic irregularities. This study attempted to assess behavioral anomalies and identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) within the hippocampus of a hemiparkinsonian rat model to potentially uncover novel genetic candidates linked to hippocampal dysfunction. Striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusions were performed unilaterally in the brains of adult SD rats, while dopaminergic impairments were verified in rats with 6-OHDA-lesioned striata. RNA sequencing and gene expression analysis unveiled 1018 DEGs in the ipsilateral rat hippocampus following 6-OHDA infusion: 631 genes exhibited upregulation, while 387 genes were downregulated (with FDR-adjusted p-value < 0.05 and absolute fold-change > 1.5). Gene ontology analysis of DEGs indicated that alterations in the hippocampi of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were primarily associated with synaptic signaling, axon development, behavior, postsynaptic membrane, synaptic membrane, neurotransmitter receptor activity, and peptide receptor activity. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis of DEGs demonstrated significant enrichment of the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, axon guidance, and notch signaling pathway in rat hippocampi that had been subjected to striatal 6-OHDA infusion. STRING analysis confirmed a notable upregulation of eight hub genes (Notch3, Gng4, Itga3, Grin2d, Hgf, Fgf11, Htr3a, and Col6a2), along with a significant downregulation of two hub genes (Itga11 and Plp1), as validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study provides a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of the hippocampi in a hemiparkinsonian rat model, thereby offering insights into the signaling pathways underlying hippocampal dysfunction.
Preparing random states and benchmarking with many-body quantum chaos
Creators: name: Choi, Joonhee
name: Shaw, Adam L.
name: Madjarov, Ivaylo S.
name: Xie, Xin
name: Finkelstein, Ran
name: Covey, Jacob P.
name: Cotler, Jordan S.
name: Mark, Daniel K.
name: Huang, Hsin-Yuan
name: Kale, Anant
name: Pichler, Hannes
name: Brandão, Fernando G. S. L.
name: Choi, Soonwon
name: Endres, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Producing quantum states at random has become increasingly important in modern quantum science, with applications both theoretical and practical. In particular, ensembles of such randomly-distributed, but pure, quantum states underly our understanding of complexity in quantum circuits and black holes, and have been used for benchmarking quantum devices in tests of quantum advantage. However, creating random ensembles has necessitated a high degree of spatio-temporal control, placing such studies out of reach for a wide class of quantum systems. Here we solve this problem by predicting and experimentally observing the emergence of random state ensembles naturally under time-independent Hamiltonian dynamics, which we use to implement an efficient, widely applicable benchmarking protocol. The observed random ensembles emerge from projective measurements and are intimately linked to universal correlations built up between subsystems of a larger quantum system, offering new insights into quantum thermalization. Predicated on this discovery, we develop a fidelity estimation scheme, which we demonstrate for a Rydberg quantum simulator with up to 25 atoms using fewer than 10^4 experimental samples. This method has broad applicability, as we show for Hamiltonian parameter estimation, target-state generation benchmarking, and comparison of analog and digital quantum devices. Our work has implications for understanding randomness in quantum dynamics, and enables applications of this concept in a much wider context.
description: JC and ALS contributed equally to this work
Socioecological factors affecting plant-pollinator systems in Metro Vancouver's Butterflyway gardens
Creators: name: Fan, Sophia Lucy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Despite habitat loss contributing to worldwide declines in biodiversity, urbanized areas can harbour a surprising amount of pollinator diversity. Cities contain a wide array of floral resources from human interventions, and a growing public interest in urban pollinator conservation has resulted in a notable increase of intentionally managed habitat. Urban green spaces like residential yards, community gardens, and parks can attract a variety of species through providing plants for nectar, pollen, nesting habitat, and larval herbivory. While many garden characteristics are known to affect pollinator species richness and abundance, few studies examine the gardener’s influence on the garden. Human decisions fundamentally shape urban environments and, in this case, gardeners have direct control over garden plant composition. By partnering with the David Suzuki Foundation’s Butterflyway Project based in Metropolitan Vancouver, Canada, this study investigated 20 pollinator gardens on how gardener decision-making, barriers, effort, and budget affected garden plant communities, and in turn how the richness and geographic origin of flowering plants affected pollinator species richness and visitation. In particular, gardeners are interested in whether there are any especially attractive plants to maintain for pollinators. Results indicate that plant richness is the only significant factor in explaining pollinator visitation and richness. Neither the proportion of garden species that are native plants nor floral area had any effect on pollinator measures. However, the relationship between proportion native plant richness and pollinator richness differed among sampling periods. There was overwhelming positive support for planting ecologically-functional plant species, in spite of the wide range of native and non-native, ornamental plants found in gardens. No gardener preferences, barriers, or key effort and budget variables correlated with garden plant species richness. Gardening preferences and barriers varied between solo and community gardens. There were 19 highly attractive pollinator plants in this system, including those such as Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), Douglas aster (Symphyotrichum subspicatum), globe thistle (Echinops ritro), and giant onion (Allium giganteum).
Gravitational Effects of Rotating Braneworld Black Holes
Creators: name: Aliev, Alikram N.
name: Talazan, Pamir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the light deflection effect and the relativistic periastron and frame-dragging precessions for a rotating black hole localized on the brane in the Randall-Sundrum braneworld scenario. Focusing on a light ray, which passes through the field of the black hole in its equatorial plane, we first calculate the deflection angle in the weak field limit. We obtain an analytical formula, involving the related perturbative parameters of the field up to the second order. We then proceed with the numerical calculation of the deflection angle in the strong field limit, when the light ray passes at the closest distance of approach to the limiting photon orbit. We show that the deflection angles for the light ray, winding maximally rotating Kerr and braneworld black holes in the same direction as their rotation, become essentially indistinguishable from each other for a specific value of the negative tidal charge. The same feature occurs in the relativistic precession frequencies at characteristic radii, for which the radial epicyclic frequency of the test particle motion attains its highest value. Thus, the crucial role in a possible identification of the maximally rotating Kerr and braneworld black holes would play their angular momentum, which in the latter case breaches the Kerr bound in general relativity.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, REVTeX
Eugenol ameliorates uveitis in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through the suppression of key inflammatory genes
Creators: name: Hong, Sungmoo
name: Jung, Kyungsook
name: Ahn, Meejung
name: Kim, Jeongtae
name: Moon, Changjong
name: Shin, Taekyun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Visual impairment associated with uveitis is among the potential complications in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Bioinformatics analyses have shown that some hub genes are closely associated with the molecular mechanisms underlying uveitis in EAE. This study evaluated whether 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol (eugenol) can mitigate the pathogenesis of uveitis in EAE through the interruption of key uveitogenic gene expression. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 (MOG) peptide-immunized C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with eugenol. The eyeballs and spinal cords of EAE mice with or without eugenol treatment were collected simultaneously and immunohistochemical and molecular biological analyses were conducted. Eugenol treatment significantly ameliorated hindlimb paralysis. Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) immunohistochemistry showed that the inflammatory response was significantly reduced in the uvea of eugenol-treated EAE mice compared with vehicle-treated controls. Eugenol also significantly reduced the expression of key uveitogenic genes including C1qb and Tyrobp. The suppressive effect of eugenol on inflammation was also observed in the spinal cord, as determined by the suppression of Iba-1-positive microglial cells. Together, these results suggest that the ameliorative effect of eugenol against EAE uveitis is associated with the suppression of key proinflammatory genes, which may represent targets for the treatment of uveitis.
Direct generation of two-pair frequency entanglement via dual periodic poling in lithium niobate waveguides
Creators: name: Warke, Aakash
name: Thyagarajan, Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we address the generation of a two-pair frequency entangled state using type-0 spontaneous parametric down-conversion process in a dual periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. We show that, by suitable domain engineering with two periods of quasi-phase matching grating, it is possible to achieve a frequency entangled state with two different pairs of frequencies. Numerical simulations show that the output state can be maximally entangled. We also perform numerical simulations to address other interesting and useful entangled states which can be generated with the help of our scheme. The proposed scheme can help create efficient photonic setups required for quantum communication systems and can have various applications considering the increasing interests of energy-time entanglement in quantum information regime.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Linear response theory and transient fluctuation theorems for diffusion processes: a backward point of view
Creators: name: Liu, Fei
name: Ou-Yang, Zhong-can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of perturbed Kolmogorov backward equations and path integral representation, we unify the derivations of the linear response theory and transient fluctuation theorems for continuous diffusion processes from a backward point of view. We find that a variety of transient fluctuation theorems could be interpreted as a consequence of a generalized Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, which intrinsically arises from the Markovian characteristic of diffusion processes.
Reassessing the genetic lineage tracing of lingual Lgr5+ and Lgr6+ cells in vivo
Creators: name: Kim, Hyun Ji
name: Seo, Dong Woo
name: Shim, Jaewon
name: Lee, Jun-Seok
name: Choi, Sang-Hyun
name: Kim, Dong-Hoon
name: Moon, Seok Jun
name: Jung, Han-Sung
name: Jeong, Yong Taek
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Taste buds, the neuroepithelial organs responsible for the detection of gustatory stimuli in the oral cavity, arise from stem/progenitor cells among nearby basal keratinocytes. Using genetic lineage tracing, Lgr5 and Lgr6 were suggested as the specific markers for the stem/progenitor cells of taste buds, but recent evidence implied that taste buds may arise even in the absence of these markers. Thus, we wanted to verify the genetic lineage tracing of lingual Lgr5- and Lgr6-expressing cells. Unexpectedly, we found that antibody staining revealed more diverse Lgr5-expressing cells inside and outside the taste buds of circumvallate papillae than was previously suggested. We also found that, while tamoxifen-induced genetic recombination occurred only in cells expressing the Lgr5 reporter GFP, we did not see any increase in the number of recombined daughter cells induced by consecutive injections of tamoxifen. Similarly, we found that cells expressing Lgr6, another stem/progenitor cell marker candidate and an analog of Lgr5, also do not generate recombined clones. In contrast, Lgr5-expressing cells in fungiform papillae can transform into Lgr5-negative progeny. Together, our data indicate that lingual Lgr5- and Lgr6-expressing cells exhibit diversity in their capacity to transform into Lgr5- and Lgr6-negative cells, depending on their location. Our results complement previous findings that did not distinguish this diversity.
A deterministic Kaczmarz algorithm for solving linear systems
Creators: name: Shao, Changpeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a new deterministic Kaczmarz algorithm for solving consistent linear systems $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$. Basically, the algorithm replaces orthogonal projections with reflections in the original scheme of Stefan Kaczmarz. Building on this, we give a geometric description of solutions of linear systems. Suppose $A$ is $m\times n$, we show that the algorithm generates a series of points distributed with patterns on an $(n-1)$-sphere centered on a solution. These points lie evenly on $2m$ lower-dimensional spheres $\{§_{k0},§_{k1}\}_{k=1}^m$, with the property that for any $k$, the midpoint of the centers of $§_{k0},§_{k1}$ is exactly a solution of $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$. With this discovery, we prove that taking the average of $O(η(A)\log(1/\varepsilon))$ points on any $§_{k0}\cup§_{k1}$ effectively approximates a solution up to relative error $\varepsilon$, where $η(A)$ characterizes the eigengap of the orthogonal matrix produced by the product of $m$ reflections generated by the rows of $A$. We also analyze the connection between $η(A)$ and $κ(A)$, the condition number of $A$. In the worst case $η(A)=O(κ^2(A)\log m)$, while for random matrices $η(A)=O(κ(A))$ on average. Finally, we prove that the algorithm indeed solves the linear system $A^T W^{-1}A \mathbf{x} = A^T W^{-1} \mathbf{b}$, where $W$ is the lower-triangular matrix such that $W+W^T = 2AA^T$. The connection between this linear system and the original one is studied. The numerical tests indicate that this new Kaczmarz algorithm has comparable performance to randomized (block) Kaczmarz algorithms.
description: 30 pages, more numerical experiments are added, some typos are fixed
Local order and orientational correlations in liquid and crystalline phases of carbon tetrabromide from neutron powder diffraction measurements
Creators: name: Temleitner, László
name: Pusztai, László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The liquid, plastic crystalline and ordered crystalline phases of CBr$_4$ were studied using neutron powder diffraction. The measured total scattering differential cross-sections were modelled by Reverse Monte Carlo simulation techniques (RMC++ and RMCPOW). Following successful simulations, the single crystal diffraction pattern of the plastic phase, as well as partial radial distribution functions and orientational correlations for all the three phases have been calculated from the atomic coordinates ('particle configurations'). The single crystal pattern, calculated from a configuration that had been obtained from modelling the powder pattern, shows identical behavior to the recent single crystal data of Folmer et al. (Phys. Rev. {\bf B77}, 144205 (2008)). The BrBr partial radial distribution functions of the liquid and plastic crystalline phases are almost the same, while CC correlations clearly display long range ordering in the latter phase. Orientational correlations also suggest strong similarities between liquid and plastic crystalline phases, whereas the monoclinic phase behaves very differently. Orientations of the molecules are distinct in the ordered phase, whereas in the plastic crystal their distribution seems to be isotropic.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review B (http://prb.aps.org/)
Dynamics of Strategic Three-Choice Voting
Creators: name: Volovik, D.
name: Mobilia, M.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In certain parliamentary democracies, there are two major parties that move in and out of power every few elections, and a third minority party that essentially never governs. We present a simple model to account for this phenomenon, in which minority party supporters sometimes vote ideologically (for their party) and sometimes strategically (against the party they like the least). The competition between these disparate tendencies reproduces the empirical observation of two parties that frequently exchange majority status and a third party that is almost always in the minority.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Version 2: reference added. Version 3: final version
Additional file 3 of Application of plasma donor-derived cell free DNA for lung allograft rejection diagnosis in lung transplant recipients
Creators: name: Ju, Chunrong
name: Xu, Xin
name: Zhang, Jianheng
name: Chen, Ao
name: Lian, Qiaoyan
name: Liu, Feng
name: Liu, Haitao
name: Cai, Yuhang
name: Zou, Yanjun
name: Yang, Yalan
name: Zhou, Yang
name: He, Jianxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Thoracic CT images during the recovery stage of the acute exacerbation.
Measurement and modeling of forested areas – best practice from a NEWA benchmark
Creators: name: Arnqvist, Johan
name: Olivares, Hugo
name: Ivanell, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: wind resource
boundary-layer meteorology
forest canopy
RANS
LES
validation

description: Presentation at the NEWA Final Workshop in Bilbao. The Ryningsnäs atmospheric boundary-layer experiment in a Swedish forested landscape is used to set up a benchmark for wind energy flow models to simulate the flow above a forest canopy that is characterized using aerial laser scans. The footprint characteristics of the canopy are visible in the profiles. The benchmark includes results from RANS and LES models showing good consistency in the mean velocity profiles and less agreement in TKE profiles.
Interplay of intrinsic motion of partons and soft gluon emissions in Drell-Yan production studied with PYTHIA
Creators: name: Bubanja, I.
name: Jung, H.
name: Raicevic, N.
name: Monfared, S. Taheri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the intrinsic transverse momentum (intrinsic-$k_T$) of partons within colliding hadrons, typically modeled with a Gaussian distribution characterized by a specific width (the intrinsic-$k_T$ width), has been an extremely challenging issue. This difficulty arises because event generators like Pythia require an intrinsic-$k_T$ width that unexpectedly varies with collision energy, reaching unphysical values at high energies. This paper investigates the underlying physics behind this energy dependence in Pythia, revealing that it arises from an interplay between two non-perturbative processes: the internal transverse motion of partons and non-perturbative soft gluon emissions. These contributions are most constrained in the production of Drell-Yan pairs with very low transverse momentum, where soft gluon effects become increasingly prominent with rising collision energy-contrary to initial expectations. Through a detailed analysis of the non-perturbative Sudakov form factor and its influence on intrinsic-$k_T$ width, we clarify the observed energy scaling behavior in Pythia, providing insight into a longstanding issue in parton shower modeling.
description: Updated with the published version
Understanding The Formation of Networks by Small Agricultural Firms
Creators: name: May, Daniel E.
name: Adams, Harper
name: Tate, Graham J.
name: Worrall, Leslie
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2011

description: It is recognised that participation in networks in the agro-food chain provides farmers important opportunities to innovate. This is particularly important for small agricultural firms because these organisations face barriers that prevent them from innovate by means of some specific sources that are available in other industries. Surprisingly, no research has been developed to understand what motivates farmers to be involved in these networks. The paper fills this gap by proposing a decision making multivariate model. A probit analysis based on the proposed model revealed that farmers’ decision on participating in networks depends on goals and socio-psychological variables. Keywords: Network innovation, Smal agricultural firms, Multivariate model
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 1, No 1 (2011): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Perturbative stability of non-Abelian electric field solutions
Creators: name: Pereira, Jude
name: Vachaspati, Tanmay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider SU(2) gauge theory with a scalar field in the fundamental representation. The model is known to contain electric field solutions sourced by the scalar field that are distinct from embedded Maxwell electric fields. We examine the perturbative stability of the solution and identify a region of parameter space where the solution is stable. In the regime where the scalar field has a negative mass squared, the solution has two branches and we identify an instability in one of the branches.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. v2: Moved equations to Appendix. Added summary of results. Added further references. PRD published version
Impacts of electrolyzer design, operation, and measurement on ammonia electrosynthesis in aqueous and non-aqueous media
Creators: name: Bi, Wei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Ammonia (NH₃) is critical to sustaining agriculture for the rapid growth of global population. This thesis focuses on NH₃ electrosynthesis via the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) and develops customized flow electrolyzers for aqueous and non-aqueous ENRR conditions. The ENRR performance with commercial or research electrocatalysts was firstly evaluated in aqueous media, but the prevalence of false positives from contaminated cell components masked the genuine ENRR assessment. Contributing to the observed false positives, NH₃ or ammonium (NH₄⁺) crossover through the separator was then investigated. Despite frequent appearances in the literature, Nafion as a cation-exchange membrane is incapable of completely separating NH₃/NH₄⁺ and acts as a possible source or sink of contamination. The behaviors of NH₃/NH₄⁺ that include crossover, volatilization, and adsorption in Nafion were systematically evaluated under a variety of electrolyte compositions, operation conditions, concentration gradients, and feed locations. Additionally, an anion-exchange membrane and microporous polypropylene separators were evaluated as alternatives to the Nafion separator. However, only the hydrophobic Celgard separator demonstrates satisfactory NH₃/NH₄⁺ separation at open-circuit conditions. Lastly, a three-compartment cell was used to evaluate the non-aqueous lithium-mediated ENRR performance of gas-diffusion electrodes with a carbon-based reaction layer: carbon-supported Pt, carbon black, and graphite. The ENRR results achieved in tetrahydrofuran-based electrolyte can generally achieve one-order of magnitude higher NH₄⁺ concentration than in aqueous media, thus avoiding false positives. The current density (−5 mA cm⁻²) and the EtOH concentration (0.5 vol%) were optimized with a current-cycling operation strategy using the C45 carbon black cathode. Replacing the Nafion binder with polyvinylidene difluoride further improves the LNRR performance to 3.11 ± 0.41 μmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² in NH₃ production rate and 5.0 ± 0.65% in Faradaic efficiency that are comparable to or exceeding previous literature reported results. Since Li plating causes exfoliation of the electrode, poor LNRR durability was observed at −5 mA cm⁻². However, reducing the current density to −3 mA cm⁻² achieves a stable operation for over 8 h owing to the balanced Li plating and dissolution rates that mitigates the reaction layer delamination.
Influence of substrate bias on the structural and dielectrical properties of magnetron-sputtered BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films
Creators: name: Riekkinen, Tommi
name: Saijets, Jan
name: Kostamo, Pasi
name: Sajavaara, Timo
name: van Dijken, Sebastiaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of a substrate bias during rf magnetron sputtering alters the crystalline structure, grain morphology, lattice strain and composition of BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films. As a result, the dielectric properties of Pt/BaxSr1-xTiO3/Pt parallel-plate capacitors change significantly. With increasing substrate bias we observe a clear shift of the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition towards higher temperature, an increase of the dielectric permittivity and tunability at room temperature, and a deterioration of the dielectric loss. To a large extent these changes correlate to a gradual increase of the tensile in-plane film strain with substrate bias and an abrupt change in film composition.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Ferroelectrics
Additional file 1 of Protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid and relevant defense enzymes correlate closely with walnut resistance to Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis
Creators: name: Zhang, Qian
name: Li, Meixuan
name: Yang, Guiyan
name: Liu, Xiaoqiang
name: Yu, Zhongdong
name: Peng, Shaobing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Gallic acid content in the control (CK) and inoculated walnut fruits (Xaj) during 0-16 days. And the values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three biological replicate. Letters indicated significant differences at a level ofp < 0.05. Supplementary Figure 2. Catechin content in the control (CK) and inoculated walnut fruits (Xaj) during 0-16 days. And the values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three biological replicate. Letters indicated significant differences at a level of p <0.05. Supplementary Figure 3. Chlorogenic acid content in the control (CK) and inoculated walnut fruits (Xaj) during 0-16 days. And the values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three biological replicate. Letters indicated significant differences at a level of p <0.05. Supplementary Figure 4. P-coumarin acid content in the control (CK) and inoculated walnut fruits (Xaj) during 0-16 days. And the values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of three biological replicate. Letters indicated significant differences at a level of p <0.05.
Unraveling the structure, chemical composition, and conserved signaling in leech teeth
Creators: name: Aryal, Yam Prasad
name: Neupane, Sanjiv
name: Kwak, Hee-Jin
name: An, Chang-Hyeon
name: Sohn, Wern-Joo
name: Yamamoto, Hitoshi
name: Kwon, Tae-Yub
name: Min, Bong-Ki
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Cho, Sung-Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Unlike vertebrates, the number of toothed taxa in invertebrates is very few, with leeches being the only tooth-bearing organisms in the phylum Annelida. Copious studies have been conducted regarding vertebrate teeth; however, studies regarding the structure and function of invertebrate teeth are limited. In this study, the tooth structure of leeches, specifically Hirudo nipponia and Haemadipsa rjukjuana, was revealed, which showed sharp and pointed teeth along the apex of three jaws. Understanding conserved signaling regulations among analogous organs is crucial for uncovering the underlying mechanisms during organogenesis. Therefore, to shed light on the evolutionary perspective of odontogenesis to some extent, we conducted de novo transcriptome analyses using embryonic mouse tooth germs, Hirudo teeth, and Helobdella proboscises to identify conserved signaling molecules involved in tooth development. The selection criteria were particularly based on the presence of tooth-related genes in mice, Hirudo teeth, and Helobdella proboscis, wherein 4113 genes were commonly expressed in all three specimens. Furthermore, the chemical nature of leech teeth was also examined via TEM-EDS to compare the chemical composition with vertebrate teeth. The examination of tissue-specific genetic information and chemical nature between leeches and mice revealed chemical similarities between leech and mice teeth, as well as conserved signaling molecules involved in tooth formation, including Ptpro, Prickle2, and Wnt16. Based on our findings, we propose that leech teeth express signaling molecules conserved in mice and these conserved tooth-specific signaling for dental hard tissue formation in mice would corresponds to the structural formation of the toothed jaw in leeches.
PoF: Proof-of-Following for Vehicle Platoons
Creators: name: Xu, Ziqi
name: Li, Jingcheng
name: Pan, Yanjun
name: Lazos, Loukas
name: Li, Ming
name: Ghose, Nirnimesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cooperative vehicle platooning significantly improves highway safety, fuel efficiency, and traffic flow. In this model, a set of vehicles move in line formation and coordinate acceleration, braking, and steering using a combination of physical sensing and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) messaging. The authenticity and integrity of the V2V messages are paramount to safety. For this reason, recent V2V and V2X standards support the integration of a PKI. However, a PKI cannot bind a vehicle's digital identity to the vehicle's physical state (location, velocity, etc.). As a result, a vehicle with valid cryptographic credentials can impact platoons from a remote location. In this paper, we seek to provide the missing link between the physical and the digital world in the context of vehicle platooning. We propose a new access control protocol we call Proof-of-Following (PoF) that verifies the following distance between a candidate and a verifier. The main idea is to draw security from the common, but constantly changing environment experienced by the closely traveling vehicles. We use the large-scale fading effect of ambient RF signals as a common source of randomness to construct a {\em PoF} primitive. The correlation of large-scale fading is an ideal candidate for the mobile outdoor environment because it exponentially decays with distance and time. We evaluate our PoF protocol on an experimental platoon of two vehicles in freeway, highway, and urban driving conditions. We demonstrate that the PoF withstands both the pre-recording and following attacks with overwhelming probability.
description: 18 pages, 23 figures, 1 table
Magnetic moment and magnetic anisotropy of linear and zigzag 4{\it d} and 5{\it d} transition metal nanowires: First-principles calculations
Creators: name: Tung, J. C.
name: Guo, G. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive {\it ab initio} study of the physical properties of both linear and zigzag atomic chains of all 4$d$ and 5$d$ transition metals (TM) within the GGA by using the accurate PAW method, has been carried out. All the TM linear chains are found to be unstable against the corresponding zigzag structures. All the TM chains, except Nb, Ag and La, have a stable (or metastable) magnetic state in either the linear or zigzag or both structures. Magnetic states appear also in the sufficiently stretched Nb and La linear chains and in the largely compressed Y and La chains. The spin magnetic moments in the Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, W, Re chains could be large ($\geq$1.0 $μ_B$/atom). Structural transformation from the linear to zigzag chains could suppress the magnetism already in the linear chain, induce the magnetism in the zigzag structure, and also cause a change of the magnetic state (ferromagnetic to antiferroamgetic or vice verse). The calculations including the spin-orbit coupling reveal that the orbital moments in the Zr, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir and Pt chains could be rather large ($\geq$0.1 $μ_B$/atom). Importantly, large magnetic anisotropy energy ($\geq$1.0 meV/atom) is found in most of the magnetic TM chains, suggesting that these nanowires could have fascinating applications in ultrahigh density magnetic memories and hard disks. In particular, giant magnetic anisotropy energy ($\geq$10.0 meV/atom) could appear in the Ru, Re, Rh, and Ir chains. Furthermore, the magnetic anisotropy energy in several elongated linear chains could be as large as 40.0 meV/atom. A spin-reorientation transition occurs in the Ru, Ir, Ta, Zr, La and Zr, Ru, La, Ta and Ir linear chains when they are elongated. Remarkably, all the 5$d$ as well as Tc and Pd chains show the colossal magnetic anisotropy (i.e., it is impossible to rotate magnetization into certain directions). Finally, the electronic band structure and density of states of the nanowires have also been calculated in order to understand the electronic origin of the large magnetic anisotropy and orbital magnetic moment as well as to estimate the conduction electron spin polarization.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Behavioural Competences’ as an Effective Factor for Project Leaders in the Libyan Construction Industry
Creators: name: Omran, Abdelnaser
name: Alsadey, Salahelddin Mohamed Khalifa
name: Pakir, Abdul Hamid Kadir
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2011

description: The construction industry has focused mainly on management, and not on leadership. This is probably the reason construction project managers are not perceived as leaders and are mostly termed as managers. This paper is investigated on how behavioral competences can contribute to an effective leadership in the construction companies in Libya. Questionnaire was carried out by getting feedback from various ranged construction companies in Libya. Of 280 distributed questionnaires, two hundred and fifty five (255) useable questionnaires (91% response rate) were received and analyzed. This study has found that behavioral competences for both social/vocational and intraprofessional factors are shown to be positively significant only with the strategy management system of the participating companies. Keywords: Behavioural competency, project leader, effectiveness, construction industry, Libya
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 1, No 1 (2011): International Journal of Economic Behavior
The global sections of chiral de Rham complexes on compact Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds II
Creators: name: Linshaw, Andrew R.
name: Song, Bailin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a complete description of the vertex algebra of global sections of the chiral de Rham complex of an arbitrary compact Ricci-flat Kähler manifold.
description: Minor corrections, final version to appear in Comm. Math. Phys
Entanglement control in coupled two-mode boson systems
Creators: name: Chizhov, A. V.
name: Nazmitdinov, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A two-mode boson model, widely used for the physics of fast rotating nuclei and Bose-Einstein condensates, is studied in the context of entanglement control. We derive an analytical expression for the entanglement between the fields in this model as a function of time. We found that depending on the interaction strengths between boson modes and the nature of the initial boson states the dynamical evolution of the entanglement and the squeezing can occur independently.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures