cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One-Dimensional Hole Gas in Germanium/Silicon Nanowire Heterostructures
Creators: name: Lu, Wei
name: Xiang, Jie
name: Timko, Brian P.
name: Wu, Yue
name: Lieber, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional electron and hole gas systems, enabled through band structure design and epitaxial growth on planar substrates, have served as key platforms for fundamental condensed matter research and high performance devices. The analogous development of one-dimensional (1D) electron or hole gas systems through controlled growth on 1D nanostructure substrates, which could open up opportunities beyond existing carbon nanotube and nanowire systems, has not been realized. Here we report the synthesis and transport studies of a 1D hole gas system based on a free-standing germanium/silicon (Ge/Si) core/shell nanowire heterostructure. Room temperature electrical transport measurements show clearly hole accumulation in undoped Ge/Si nanowire heterostructures, in contrast to control experiments on single component nanowires. Low-temperature studies show well controlled Coulomb blockade oscillations when the Si shell serves as a tunnel barrier to the hole gas in the Ge channel. Transparent contacts to the hole gas also have been reproducibly achieved by thermal annealing. In such devices, we observe conductance quantization at low temperatures, corresponding to ballistic transport through 1D subbands, where the measured subband energy spacings agree with calculations for a cylindrical confinement potential. In addition, we observe a 0.7 structure, which has been attributed to spontaneous spin polarization, suggesting the universality of this phenomenon in interacting 1D systems. Lastly, the conductance exhibits little temperature dependence, consistent with our calculation of reduced backscattering in this 1D system, and suggests that transport is ballistic even at room temperature.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Effects of long-range forces on the D-term and the energy-momentum structure
Creators: name: Varma, Mira
name: Schweitzer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hadronic form factors of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) have attracted considerable interest in recent literature. This concerns especially the D-term form factor D(t) with its appealing interpretation in terms of internal forces. With their focus on hadron structure, theoretical studies so far have concentrated on strongly interacting systems with short-range forces. Effects on the EMT due to long-range forces like the electromagnetic interaction have not yet been studied. Electromagnetic forces play a small role in the balance of forces inside the proton, but their long-range nature introduces new features which are not present in systems with short-range forces. We use a simple but consistent classical field theoretical model of the proton to show how the presence of long-range forces alters some notions taken for granted in short-range systems. Our results imply that a more careful definition of the D-term is required when long-range forces are present.
One-loop Renormalization of Resonance Chiral Theory: Scalar and Pseudoscalar Resonances
Creators: name: Rosell, I.
name: Ruiz-Femenia, P.
name: Portoles, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Resonance Chiral Theory with one multiplet of scalar and pseudoscalar resonances, up to bilinear couplings in the resonance fields, and evaluate its beta-function at one-loop with the use of the background field method. Thus we also provide the full set of operators that renormalize the theory at one loop and render it finite.
description: 37 pages, 2 figures
Agribusiness Firms in Alabama: Profiles and Perceptions of Skills and Experiences Needed for Careers in Agribusiness
Creators: name: Onianwa, Okwudili O.
name: Wheelock, Gerald
name: Mojica, Maribel N.
name: Singh, Surendra P.
name: Onianwa, Okwudili O.
name: Wheelock, Gerald
name: Mojica, Maribel N.
name: Singh, Surendra P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This study examines the profiles of agribusiness firms and the skills and experiences required for a career in Agribusiness field. Data for this study was generated through a mail survey administered to a total of 300 Agribusiness companies in Alabama. Results are generally consistent with previous studies and show that interpersonal skills, communication skills, ability to use general computer software, and business and economic skills are the most important skills for a successful career in agribusiness.
A tool for filtering information in complex systems
Creators: name: Tumminello, M.
name: Aste, T.
name: Di Matteo, T.
name: Mantegna, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a technique to filter out complex data-sets by extracting a subgraph of representative links. Such a filtering can be tuned up to any desired level by controlling the genus of the resulting graph. We show that this technique is especially suitable for correlation based graphs giving filtered graphs which preserve the hierarchical organization of the minimum spanning tree but containing a larger amount of information in their internal structure. In particular in the case of planar filtered graphs (genus equal to 0) triangular loops and 4 element cliques are formed. The application of this filtering procedure to 100 stocks in the USA equity markets shows that such loops and cliques have important and significant relations with the market structure and properties.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
On Granulation and Irregular Variation of Red Supergiants
Creators: name: Ren, Yi
name: Jiang, B. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism and characteristics of the irregular variations of red supergiants (RSGs) are studied based on the RSG samples in Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and M31. With the time-series data from All-Sky Automated Survey for SuperNovae (ASAS-SN) and Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory survey, we use the continuous time autoregressive moving average model to estimate the variability features of the light curves and their power spectral density. The characteristic evolution timescale and amplitude of granulations are further derived from fitting the posterior power spectral density with the COR function, which is a Harvey-like granulation model. The consistency of theoretical predictions and results is checked to verify the correctness of the assumption that granulations on RSGs contribute to irregular variation. The relations between granulation and stellar parameters are obtained and compared with the results of red giant branch stars and Betelgeuse. It is found that the relations are in agreement with predictions from basic physical process of granulation and fall close to the extrapolated relations of RGB stars. The granulations in most of the RSGs evolve at a timescale of several days to a year with the characteristic amplitude of 10-1000 mmag. The results imply that the irregular variations of RSGs can be attributed to the evolution of granulations. When comparing the results from SMC, LMC and M31, the timescale and amplitude of granulation seem to increase with metallicity. The analytical relations of the granulation parameters with stellar parameters are derived for the RSG sample of each galaxy.
description: 27 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Long internal ring waves in a two-layer fluid with an upper-layer current
Creators: name: Khusnutdinova, Karima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-layer fluid with a depth-dependent upper-layer current (e.g. a river inflow, an exchange flow in a strait, or a wind-generated current). In the rigid-lid approximation, we find the necessary singular solution of the nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation responsible for the adjustment of the speed of the long interfacial ring wave in different directions in terms of the hypergeometric function. This allows us to obtain an analytical description of the wavefronts and vertical structure of the ring waves for a large family of the current profiles and to illustrate their dependence on the density jump and the type and the strength of the current. In the limiting case of a constant upper-layer current we obtain a 2D ring waves' analogue of the long-wave instability criterion for plane interfacial waves. On physical level, the presence of instability for a sufficiently strong current manifests itself already in the stable regime in the squeezing of the wavefront of the interfacial ring wave in the direction of the current. We show that similar phenomenon can also take place for other, depth-dependent currents in the family.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, submitted to the Special Issue of the "Russian Journal of Earth Sciences" dedicated to Professor Efim Pelinovsky on the occasion of his 75th birthday
Additional file 1 of HbA1c comparable to fasting glucose in the external validation of the African Diabetes Risk Score and other established risk prediction models in Black South Africans
Creators: name: Royce, Nicola
name: Cronjé, Héléne T
name: Kengne, André P
name: Kruger, Herculina S
name: Dolman-Macleod, Robin C
name: Pieters, Marlien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Decoupling heavy particles simultaneously
Creators: name: Crewther, R. J.
name: Bass, S. D.
name: Steffens, F. M.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization group is extended to cases where several heavy particles are decoupled at the same time. This involves large logarithms which are scale-invariant and so cannot be eliminated by a change of renormalization scheme. A set of scale-invariant running couplings, one for each heavy particle, is constructed without reference to intermediate thresholds. The entire heavy-quark correction to the axial charge of the weak neutral current is derived to next-to-leading order, and checked in leading order by evaluating diagrams explicitly. The mechanism for cancelling contributions from the top and bottom quarks in the equal-mass limit is surprisingly non-trivial.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Talk presented at the "QCD Down Under" Workshop, Barossa Valley and Adelaide, Australia, 10-19 March 2004, with ref 8 now linked to hep-ph/0507278
Young but not defenseless: Supplemental Material;Individual Embryo volume;Embryonic total protein;Mycosis Master File;Mycosis Conidia Scores from Young but not defenseless: antifungal activity during embryonic development of a social insect
Creators: name: Cole, Erin L.
name: Bayne, Haley
name: Rosengaus, Rebeca B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: All relevant supporting materials, figures and tables as references in the main text;excel file containing raw embryonic volume data;excel file containing raw embryonic total protein data;excel file containing raw germination rates from antifungal experiments described in the main text;excel file containing individually scored conidia from antifungal experiments
Spatial Wave Control Using a Self-biased Nonlinear Metasurface at Microwave Frequencies
Creators: name: Kiani, Mehdi
name: Momeni, Ali
name: Tayarani, Majid
name: Ding, Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the investigation of metasurface has been extended to wave control through exploiting nonlinearity. Among all of the ways to achieve tunable metasurfaces with multiplexed performances, nonlinearity is one of the promising choices. Although several proposals have been reported to obtain nonlinear architectures at visible frequencies, the area of incorporating nonlinearity in form of passive-designing at microwave metasurfaces is open for investigation. In this paper, a passive wideband nonlinear metasurface is manifested, which is composed of embedded L-shape and Γ-shape meta-atoms with PIN-diode elements. The proposed self-biased nonlinear metasurface has two operational states: at low power intensities, it acts as Quarter Wave Plate (QWP) in the frequency range from 13.24 GHz to 16.38 GHz with an Axial Ratio (AR) of over 21.2%. In contrast, at high power intensities, by using the polarization conversion property of the proposed PIN-diode based meta-atoms, the metasurface can act as a digital metasurface. It means that by arranging the meta-atoms with a certain coding pattern, the metasurface can manipulate the scattered beams and synthesize well-known patterns such as Diffusion-like pattern at an ultra-wide frequency range from 8.12 GHz to 19.27 GHz (BW=81.4%). Full-wave and nonlinear simulations are carried out to justify the performance of the wideband nonlinear metasurface. We expect the proposed self-biased nonlinear metasurface at microwave frequencies reveals excellent opportunities to design limiter metasurfaces and compact reconfigurable imaging systems.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures
Specific heat of Bosons in a lattice
Creators: name: Ramakumar, R.
name: Das, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical study of specific heat of bosons ($C_v$) in a simple cubic lattice. We have studied the non-interacting bosons and the Tonks gas. For both cases, the $C_v$ above the bose condensation temperature shows considerable temperature dependence compared to that of free bosons. For Tonks gas, we find that the low-temperature specific heat increases as the system gets closer to the Mott transition.
The crux of using the cascaded emission of a 3-level quantum ladder system to generate indistinguishable photons
Creators: name: Schöll, Eva
name: Schweickert, Lucas
name: Hanschke, Lukas
name: Zeuner, Katharina D.
name: Sbresny, Friedrich
name: Lettner, Thomas
name: Trivedi, Rahul
name: Reindl, Marcus
name: da Silva, Saimon Filipe Covre
name: Trotta, Rinaldo
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
name: Vučković, Jelena
name: Müller, Kai
name: Rastelli, Armando
name: Zwiller, Val
name: Jöns, Klaus D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the degree of indistinguishability of cascaded photons emitted from a 3-level quantum ladder system; in our case the biexciton-exciton cascade of semiconductor quantum dots. For the 3-level quantum ladder system we theoretically demonstrate that the indistinguishability is inherently limited for both emitted photons and determined by the ratio of the lifetimes of the excited and intermediate states. We experimentally confirm this finding by comparing the quantum interference visibility of non-cascaded emission and cascaded emission from the same semiconductor quantum dot. Quantum optical simulations produce very good agreement with the measurements and allow to explore a large parameter space. Based on our model, we propose photonic structures to optimize the lifetime ratio and overcome the limited indistinguishability of cascaded photon emission from a 3-level quantum ladder system.
description: We moved the paragraph about asymmetric Purcell enhancement from page 4 bottom to page 5 first column
COSY-11: an experimental facility for studying meson production in free and quasi-free nucleon-nucleon collisions
Creators: name: Klaja, P.
name: Adam, H. -H.
name: Budzanowski, A.
name: Czyzykiewicz, R.
name: Grzonka, D.
name: Janusz, M.
name: Jarczyk, L.
name: Kamys, B.
name: Khoukaz, A.
name: Kilian, K.
name: Moskal, P.
name: Oelert, W.
name: Piskor-Ignatowicz, C.
name: Przerwa, J.
name: Ritman, J.
name: Rozek, T.
name: Sefzick, T.
name: Siemaszko, M.
name: Smyrski, J.
name: Taeschner, A.
name: Wessels, J.
name: Winter, P.
name: Wolke, M.
name: Wuestner, P.
name: Zipper, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COSY-11 experimental setup is an internal facility installed at the COoler SYnchrotron COSY in Juelich. It allows to investigate meson production in free and quasi-free nucleon-nucleon collisions, eg. pp --> pp meson and pd --> p_sp np meson reactions. Drift chambers and scintillators permit to measure outgoing protons, separated in magnetic field of COSY-11 dipole. Neutrons are registered in the neutron modular detector installed downstream the beam. Recently, the experimental setup has been extended with spectator detector, deuteron drift chamber and polarization monitoring system, and since then meson production can be investigated also as a function of spin and isospin of colliding nucleons.
description: Presented at LEAP05: International conference on Low Energy Antiproton Physics, Bonn - Juelich, Germany, May 16-22, 2005
The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. It is a small bird that has a typical length of 16 cm (6.3 in) and a mass of 24–39.5 g (0.85–1.39 oz). Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, and males have brighter black, white, and brown markings. One of about 25 species in the genus Passer, the house sparrow is native to most of Europe, the Mediterranean Basin, and a large part of Asia.
Creators: name: Bhubanyu Basu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The study on house sparrows was done to know their behavior and interactions in nature.
Fishery Co-Management in Japanese Coastal Fisheries
Creators: name: Uchida, Hirotsugu
name: Uchida, Hirotsugu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: fishery co-management
subject: marketing
subject: sharing rules
subject: Japan

description: This paper presents an empirical analysis of the Japanese coastal fishery co-management system. In particular, the paper focuses on the effectiveness of Fishery Management Organizations (FMOs), which are established by groups of fishermen and set rules and regulations that they self-enforce. The paper finds that FMOs engaged actively in marketing practices in their output markets significantly increased their member fishermen's revenue. Proceeds sharing rules, where individual proceeds are pooled and shared among the members, appeared to have marginal effects despite of several anecdotal evidence that suggests otherwise. Findings suggest that benefit gains from the output markets is substantial in successful fishery co-management.
Additional file 2 of Synthetic redesign of Escherichia coli W for faster metabolism of sugarcane molasses
Creators: name: Kim, Gi Yeon
name: Yang, Jina
name: Han, Yong Hee
name: Seo, Sang Woo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 2
Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping Project. XI. Disk-wind characteristics and contributions to the very broad emission lines of NGC 5548
Creators: name: Dehghanian, M.
name: Ferland, G. J.
name: Kriss, G. A.
name: Peterson, B. M.
name: Korista, K. T.
name: Goad, M. R.
name: Chatzikos, M.
name: Guzman, F.
name: de Rosa, G.
name: Mehdipour, M.
name: Kaastra, J.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Vestergaard, M.
name: Proga, D.
name: Waters, T.
name: Bentz, M. C.
name: Bisogni, S.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Bont`a, E. Dalla
name: Fausnaugh, M. M.
name: Gelbord, J. M.
name: Horne, Keith
name: McHardy, I. M.
name: Pogge, R. W.
name: Starkey, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2014 the NGC 5548 Space Telescope and Optical Reverberation Mapping campaign discovered a two-month anomaly when variations in the absorption and emission lines decorrelated from continuum variations. During this time the soft X-ray part of the intrinsic spectrum had been strongly absorbed by a line-of-sight (LOS) obscurer, which was interpreted as the upper part of a disk wind. Our first paper showed that changes in the LOS obscurer produce the decorrelation between the absorption lines and the continuum. A second study showed that the base of the wind shields the BLR, leading to the emission-line decorrelation. In that study, we proposed the wind is normally transparent with no effect on the spectrum. Changes in the wind properties alter its shielding and affect the SED striking the BLR, producing the observed decorrelations. In this work, we investigate the impact of a translucent wind on the emission lines. We simulate the obscuration using XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and HST observations to determine the physical characteristics of the wind. We find that a translucent wind can contribute a part of the He II and Fe K? emission. It has a modest optical depth to electron scattering, which explains the fainter far-side emission in the observed velocity delay maps. The wind produces the very broad base seen in the UV emission lines and may also be present in the Fe K? line. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for the effects of such winds in the analysis of the physics of the central engine.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Rural Water Saving Technology Adoption in Northern China: An Analysis of Survey Data
Creators: name: Blanke, Amelia
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Lohmar, Bryan
name: Wang, Jinxia
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Blanke, Amelia
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Lohmar, Bryan
name: Wang, Jinxia
name: Huang, Jikun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Sustainable use of water resources in the face of population and economic growth is of great importance in northern China, as it is in much of the world. Rapid expansion of irrigated agricultural and urban demand is depleting groundwater and overexploiting surface water resources in northern China. Despite substantial investment in the development of water saving technology and the potential impact of widespread adoption, there has been little research on the extent of adoption in northern China or the conditions under which water saving technology is adopted. This paper uses data from two recent surveys in northern China to measure the extent of water saving technology adoption and to analyze the determinants of this adoption. The technologies we analyze include traditional technologies (border and furrow irrigation and field leveling), household level technologies (surface pipes, plastic film, drought resistant varieties and retain stubble low till), and community level technologies (underground pipe, lined surface canals and sprinklers). We find that levels of adoption of water saving technology in northern China have increased as water has become increasingly scarce. What is surprising, however, is that the extent of adoption is quite low. Moreover, both the rate and extent of adoption vary substantially across technologies. Of the different types of technologies, household-based technologies have grown most rapidly and traditional technologies have the highest rates of adoption. While we do not have a definitive answer why the adoption of these technologies are higher than other types, it appears that the most successful technologies have been those that are highly divisible, low cost and do not require collective action or large fixed investments. Technologies that do not fit this description are adopted on a limited scale, which we believe in part is due to the failure of policy makers to overcome the constraints to adoption. In addition, producers also fail to adopt water saving technologies because of the lack of strong incentives to save water, inadequate information, and difficulty overcoming collective action constraints. If the incentives and government-provided services can be delivered to those in water scarce areas, according to our paper there is a great deal of scope to conserve water and support China's agricultural sector despite tight water supplies.
Surface currents and slope selection in crystal growth
Creators: name: Politi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We face the problem to determine the slope dependent current during the epitaxial growth process of a crystal surface. This current is proportional to delta=(p+) + (p-), where (p+/-) are the probabilities for an atom landing on a terrace to attach to the ascending (p+) or descending (p-) step. If the landing probability is spatially uniform, the current is proved to be proportional to the average (signed) distance traveled by an adatom before incorporation in the growing surface. The phenomenon of slope selection is determined by the vanishing of the asymmetry delta. We apply our results to the case of atoms feeling step edge barriers and downward funnelling, or step edge barriers and steering. In the general case, it is not correct to consider the slope dependent current j as a sum of separate contributions due to different mechanisms.
description: 6 pages. The text has been strongly revised and Fig.1 has been changed. Accepted for publication in the "Comptes Rendus Physique"
Operating risk : planning for flexible mining systems
Creators: name: Kazakidis, Vassilios
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This research contributes to understanding the interaction between ground-related problems and mining systems as a basis for the development of flexible mining systems. It has demonstrated that ground-related problems impose a significant operating risk factor that requires particular attention in proactive mine planning and design. A new philosophy for quantifying the impact of ground-related problems and assessing the links between mine planning and geomechanics was established. The various types of potential problems were classified based on review of case studies and the surveillance of ground failures in several underground hard rock mines of the Sudbury Basin. It was demonstrated that, despite serious efforts in the design of underground mines, ground-related problems still cannot be totally avoided. A time-dependent internal risk model was established to quantify the impact of ground-related problems in mine production systems. Subjective probabilities provide the input for a reliability analysis, which derives the required input parameters for production simulation. Reliability analyses that are currently used to calculate the reliability of mine equipment were applied for the case of mine subsystems with ground-related problems. A cost impact model that is dependent on the parameters determined in a reliability analysis was introduced. Flexibility needs in mine planning and design, with respect to ground-related problems, were analyzed through conventional discounted cash flow analysis, real options analysis, production simulation, and Monte-Carlo simulation. Approaches that are currently applied in investment science and decision making were evaluated in terms of their applicability to evaluate such flexibility needs in mining systems. A methodology that includes the applicability of project valuation analyses to assess flexible mining systems with respect to potential ground-related problems, along with a flexibility index, were introduced. Their applicability is demonstrated through test case studies. Contingency planning and flexibility assessment by such means can be integrated into future mine production systems to account for the potential risk of ground-related problems for more proactive mine planning and design.
Microheater actuators as a versatile platform for strain engineering in 2D materials
Creators: name: Ryu, Yu Kyoung
name: Carrascoso, Felix
name: López-Nebreda, Rubén
name: Agraït, Nicolás
name: Frisenda, Riccardo
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present microfabricated thermal actuators to engineer the biaxial strain in two-dimensional (2D) materials. These actuators are based on microheater circuits patterned onto the surface of a polymer with a high thermal expansion coefficient. By running current through the microheater one can vary the temperature of the polymer and induce a controlled biaxial expansion of its surface. This controlled biaxial expansion can be transduced to biaxial strain to 2D materials, placed onto the polymer surface, which in turn induces a shift of the optical spectrum. Our thermal strain actuators can reach a maximum biaxial strain of 0.64 % and they can be modulated at frequencies up to 8 Hz. The compact geometry of these actuators results in a negligible spatial drift of 0.03 um/deg, which facilitates their integration in optical spectroscopy measurements. We illustrate the potential of this strain engineering platform to fabricate a strain-actuated optical modulator with single-layer MoS2.
description: 5 main text figures + 5 supp. info. figures
Do MILC Program Payments Affect Milk Supply Response Across Regions of the U.S.?
Creators: name: Herndon, Cary W.
name: Davis, Brandon L.
name: Parkhurst, Gregory M.
name: Herndon, Cary W.
name: Davis, Brandon L.
name: Parkhurst, Gregory M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Dairy markets
subject: MILC
subject: Milk prices
subject: Milk supply response

description: This paper assesses the impact of the milk income loss contract program on U.S. dairy producers. The Milk Income Loss Contact (MILC) program was created through the 2002 farm bill, which financially compensates dairy producers when domestic milk prices fall below a predetermined Boston Class I trigger price. MILC payments were made to eligible dairy producers/farms on a per cwt basis at a rate equal to 45 percent of the difference between the trigger price of $16.94 and the Boston Class I milk price. In the analysis, the 20 major milk-producing states were analyzed to determine if MILC payments caused a milk supply response to be different across these states. By dividing the U.S. into states, this will give a better understanding of production decisions based on the availability of inputs. To test the hypothesis, milk production was regressed against each state's All Milk price, MILC payments, production trends, the milk-feed price ratio, and average productivity per dairy farm in each state. Data were collected over an 10-year period (1995-2004), and MILC variable was used as a dummy variable in the model. The a priori expectations suggest that, in certain states, MILC payments will dampen the state's milk supply response to low milk prices. However, results may also help explain why a state increased or decreased milk production after the implementation of the MILC program. Of the 20-states, those dairies located in the west and southwest regions of the U.S. experienced the largest increases of production during the selected eight years. OLS regression results obtained from the individual state models report mixed results and generally failed to support the hypothesis that MILC did alter the response of monthly milk production to All Milk prices.
Exchange Rates and the Competitiveness of the US Timber Sector in a Global Economy
Creators: name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
name: Daigneault, Adam J.
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Sedjo, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper examines the competitiveness of the US timber industry under different exchange rate policies using a dynamic optimization model of global timber markets. We assume that exchange rates affect the cost structure of harvesting and managing forests and simulate the model for baseline conditions and four additional exchange rate policies. Two policies consider a strengthening United States dollar scenario and two policies examine weak South American currencies. Recently South America has increased its share of global timber production and is shipping increasing quantities of timber to the Unites States. The results indicate that US competitiveness in the forestry sector is sensitive both to strong US $ policies and to the weak currency policies pursued by South American governments. A 20% increase in value of the US $ compared to all other currencies can reduce harvests by 4 7% in the United States over the next 50 years, while a similar reduction in currency values in South America can reduce U.S. production by around 0.4%. In dollar terms, each additional cubic meter of wood produced in South America due to currency policies can reduce producer surplus in the United States by $100.
Single Image Dehazing Algorithm Based on Sky Region Segmentation
Creators: name: Li, Weixiang
name: Jie, Wei
name: MahmoudZadeh, Somaiyeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper a hybrid image defogging approach based on region segmentation is proposed to address the dark channel priori algorithm's shortcomings in de-fogging the sky regions. The preliminary stage of the proposed approach focuses on the segmentation of sky and non-sky regions in a foggy image taking the advantageous of Meanshift and edge detection with embedded confidence. In the second stage, an improved dark channel priori algorithm is employed to defog the non-sky region. Ultimately, the sky area is processed by DehazeNet algorithm, which relies on deep learning Convolutional Neural Networks. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid approach in this research addresses the problem of color distortion associated with sky regions in foggy images. The approach greatly improves the image quality indices including entropy information, visibility ratio of the edges, average gradient, and the saturation percentage with a very fast computation time, which is a good indication of the excellent performance of this model.
Selecting a Land Conservation Reserve for Local or Regional Ecosystem Health with Development: Amphibian Metapopulation and Residential Development
Creators: name: Jiang, Yong
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
name: Paton, Peter
name: Jiang, Yong
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
name: Paton, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: nature reserve
subject: ecosystem
subject: spatial configuration
subject: amphibian

description: Establishing habitat corridors has been an important strategy in many conservation practices. Nonetheless, the existing literature has ignored the role habitat corridors could play in reserve network design. Based on modern ecological theory, the effectiveness of a reserve system largely depends on its connectivity, but it is less clear how recent spatial modeling of reserve network design improves the connectivity of the reserve system as required by population persistence in a highly fragmented, heterogeneous landscape. This study explicitly incorporates the idea of habitat corridor into optimal reserve design, an approach which might significantly reduce the uncertainty brought by land use change or a source-sink habitat matrix. More importantly, by formulating this conservation issue into an integer programming problem, this study demonstrates a general, systematic, and flexible way to design a well-connected reserve network, and develops standard modeling methods readily applicable to many conservation practices.
Predicting Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
Creators: name: Hirsch, M.
name: Ma, Ernest
name: Valle, J. W. F.
name: del Moral, A. Villanova
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give predictions for the neutrinoless double beta decay rate in a simple variant of the A_4 family symmetry model. We show that there is a lower bound for the neutrinoless double beta decay amplitude even in the case of normal hierarchical neutrino masses, corresponding to an effective mass parameter |m_{ee}| >= 0.17 \sqrt{Δm^2_{ATM}}. This result holds both for the CP conserving and CP violating cases. In the latter case we show explicitly that the lower bound on |m_{ee}| is sensitive to the value of the Majorana phase. We conclude therefore that in our scheme, neutrinoless double beta decay may be accessible to the next generation of high sensitivity experiments.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Dark matter search by exclusive studies of X-rays following WIMPs nuclear interactions
Creators: name: Ejiri, H.
name: Moustakidis, Ch. C.
name: Vergados, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which are possible cold dark matter candidates, can be studied by exclusive measurements of X-rays following WIMPs nuclear interactions. Inner-shell atomic electrons are ionized through WIMP-nuclear interaction, and then mono-energetic X-rays are emitted when they are filled by outer-shell electrons. The number of inner-shell holes amounts to as large as one per five nuclear recoils for K-shell and several per recoil for L-shell in the case of medium heavy target nuclei interacting with 100-300 GeV WIMPs. Then the K and L X-ray peaks show up in the 5-50 keV region. Consequently exclusive studies of the X-rays in coincidence with the nuclear recoils and the ionization electrons are found to provide excellent opportunities to detect WIMPs such as the Lightest Super Symmetric Particles (LSP)
description: 13 pages, 2 tables
The Heider balance - a continuous approach
Creators: name: Kulakowski, Krzysztof
name: Gawronski, Przemyslaw
name: Gronek, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heider balance (HB) is investigated in a fully connected graph of $N$ nodes. The links are described by a real symmetric array r(i,j), i,j=1,...,N. In a social group, nodes represent group members and links represent relations between them, positive (friendly) or negative (hostile). At the balanced state, r(i,j)r(j,k)r(k,i)>0 for all the triads (i,j,k). As follows from the structure theorem of Cartwright and Harary, at this state the group is divided into two subgroups, with friendly internal relations and hostile relations between the subgroups. Here the system dynamics is proposed to be determined by a set of differential equations. The form of equations guarantees that once HB is reached, it persists. Also, for N=3 the dynamics reproduces properly the tendency of the system to the balanced state. The equations are solved numerically. Initially, r(i,j) are random numbers distributed around zero with a symmetric uniform distribution of unit width. Calculations up to N=500 show that HB is always reached. Time to get the balanced state varies with the system size N as N^{-1/2}. The spectrum of relations, initially narrow, gets very wide near HB. This means that the relations are strongly polarized. In our calculations, the relations are limited to a given range around zero. With this limitation, our results can be helpful in an interpretation of somestatistical data.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Int. J. Mod. Phys. C (2005), in print
Relaxation in a Phase-separating Two-dimensional Active Matter System with Alignment Interaction
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Saikat
name: Das, Subir K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Via computer simulations we study kinetics of pattern formation in a two-dimensional active matter system. Self-propulsion in our model is incorporated via the Vicsek-like activity, i.e., particles have the tendency of aligning their velocities with the average directions of motion of their neighbors. In addition to this dynamic or active interaction, there exists passive inter-particle interaction in the model for which we have chosen the standard Lennard-Jones form. Following quenches of homogeneous configurations to a point deep inside the region of coexistence between high and low density phases, as the systems exhibit formation and evolution of particle-rich clusters, we investigate properties related to the morphology, growth and aging. A focus of our study is on the understanding of the effects of structure on growth and aging. To quantify the latter we use the two-time order-parameter autocorrelation function. This correlation, as well as the growth, is observed to follow power-law time dependence, qualitatively similar to the scaling behavior reported for passive systems. The values of the exponents have been estimated and discussed by comparing with the previously obtained numbers for other dimensions as well as with the new results for the passive limit of the considered model. We have also presented results on the effects of temperature on the activity mediated phase separation.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
On the Electronic Transport Mechanism in Conducting Polymer Nanofibers
Creators: name: Zimbovskaya, Natalya A.
name: Johnson,, Alan T.
name: Pinto, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we present theoretical analysis of electron transport in polyaniline based (PANi) nanofibers assuming the metalic state of the material. To build up this theory we treat conducting polymers as a special kind of granular metals, and we apply the quantum theory of conduction in mesoscopic systems to describe the transport between metallic-like granules. Our results show that the concept of resonance electron tunneling as the predominating mechanism providing charge transport between the grains is supported with recent experiments on the electrical characterization of single PANi nanofibers. By contacting the proposed theory with the experimental data we estimate some important parameters characterizing the electron transport in these materials. Also, we discuss the origin of rectifying features observed in current-voltage characteristics of fibers with varying cross-sectional areas.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B, Vol.72, xxxx (2005)
Flexible Coaxial Ribbon Cable for High-Density Superconducting Microwave Device Arrays
Creators: name: Smith, Jennifer Pearl
name: Mazin, Benjamin A.
name: Walter, Alex B.
name: Daal, Miguel
name: Bailey, J. I.
name: III
name: Bockstiegel, Clinton
name: Zobrist, Nicholas
name: Swimmer, Noah
name: Steiger, Sarah
name: Fruitwala, Neelay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting electronics often require high-density microwave interconnects capable of transporting signals between temperature stages with minimal loss, cross talk, and heat conduction. We report the design and fabrication of superconducting 53 wt% Nb-47 wt% Ti (Nb47Ti) FLexible coAXial ribbon cables (FLAX). The ten traces each consist of a 0.076 mm O.D. NbTi inner conductor insulated with PFA (0.28 mm O.D.) and sheathed in a shared 0.025 mm thick Nb47Ti outer conductor. The cable is terminated with G3PO coaxial push-on connectors via stainless steel capillary tubing (1.6 mm O.D., 0.13 mm thick) soldered to a coplanar wave guide transition board. The 30 cm long cable has 1 dB of loss at 8 GHz with -60 dB nearest-neighbor forward cross talk. The loss is 0.5 dB more than commercially available superconducting coax likely due to impedance mismatches caused by manufacturing imperfections in the cable. The reported cross talk is 30 dB lower than previously developed laminated NbTi-onKapton microstrip cables. We estimate the heat load from 1 K to 90 mK to be 20 nW per trace, approximately half the computed load from the smallest commercially available superconducting coax from CryoCoax
description: in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Demand for Non-Alcoholic Beverages: Evidence From The ACNielsen Home Scan Panel
Creators: name: Pofahl, Geoffrey M.
name: Capps, Oral
name: Clauson, Annette L.
name: Pofahl, Geoffrey M.
name: Capps, Oral
name: Clauson, Annette L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Using the ACNielsen HomeScan Panel over the period 1998 to 2001 as the source of data, we entertain various demand systems, namely, the LA/AIDS, the AIDS, and the QUAIDS to investigate the demand for eight non-alcoholic beverages. Own-price, cross-price, and expenditure elasticities are obtained by year and by demand system for milk, bottled water, carbonated soft drinks, powdered soft drinks, coffee, tea, fruit juices and drinks, and isotonics. Emphasis is placed on the magnitude of price sensitivity of households toward non-alcoholic beverages as well as on substitution and complementary patterns. This work provides a more current and more thorough analysis associated with the non-alcoholic beverage industry than previously reported in the literature.
Additional file 1 of Surgical management and outcomes of renal tumors with inferior vena cava extension among children: a single center retrospective study from Pakistan
Creators: name: Halepota, Huma Faiz
name: Khan, Sarah
name: Irshad, Hammad Atif
name: Arshad, Muhammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Marine Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1