cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Inductorless Dynamically Configured Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting
Creators: name: Du, Sijun
name: Jia, Y
name: Seshia, Ashwin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: Vibration energy harvesting based on piezoelectric materials is of interest in several applications such as in powering remote distributed wireless sensor nodes for structural health monitoring. Synchronized switch harvesting on inductor and synchronous electric charge extraction circuits show good power efficiency among reported power management circuits; however, limitations exist due to inductors employed, adaption of response to varying excitation levels, and the synchronized switch damping (SSD) effect. In this paper, an inductorless dynamically configured interface circuit is proposed, which is able to configure the connection of two piezoelectric materials in parallel or in series by periodically evaluating the ambient excitation level. The proposed circuit is designed and fabricated in a 0.35 μHV CMOS process.The fabricated circuit is cointegrated with a piezoelectric bimorph energy harvester and the performance is experimentally validated. With a low power consumption (0.5 μW), the measured results show that the proposed rectifier can provide a 4.5 × boost in harvested energy compared to the conventional full-bridge rectifier without employing an inductor. It also shows a high power efficiency over a wide range of excitation levels and is less susceptible to SSD.
Due libri sul fluire del tempo
Creators: Patrizia Caraveo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Fra i tanti libri affascinanti sul tempo, l’astrofisica Patrizia Caraveo ne ha scelti due che affrontano l’argomento in modi completamente diversi: “Il tempo della luce” di Massimo Della Valle e “Il punto di Giano” di Julian Barbour. Con il consenso dell’autrice, vi riproponiamo su Media Inaf la sua recensione, pubblicata ieri sul Sole 24 Ore
Wolf 1069 b, una terra nella costellazione del Cigno
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Un team di astronomi guidato dal Max Planck Institute for Astronomy ha scoperto un esopianeta simile alla Terra in orbita nella zona abitabile della sua stella, la nana rossa Wolf 1069. Il suo nome è Wolf 1069 b. Si trova a 31 anni luce da noi nella costellazione del Cigno. E sebbene si trovi in blocco mareale con il suo sole, è un obiettivo promettente per indagare l'abitabilità planetaria e per la ricerca di impronte chimiche della vita. Tutti i dettagli su A&A
Generation of an optimal target list for the Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO)
Creators: name: Varley, Ryan
name: Waldmann, Ingo
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Tessenyi, Marcell
name: Hollis, Morgan
name: Morales, Juan Carlos
name: Tinetti, Giovanna
name: Swinyard, Bruce
name: Deroo, Pieter
name: Ollivier, Marc
name: Micela, Giusi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO) has been studied as a space mission concept by the European Space Agency in the context of the M3 selection process. Through direct measurement of the atmospheric chemical composition of hundreds of exoplanets, EChO would address fundamental questions such as: What are exoplanets made of? How do planets form and evolve? What is the origin of exoplanet diversity? More specifically, EChO is a dedicated survey mission for transit and eclipse spectroscopy capable of observing a large, diverse and well-defined planetary sample within its four to six year mission lifetime. In this paper we use the end-to-end instrument simulator EChOSim to model the currently discovered targets, to gauge which targets are observable and assess the EChO performances obtainable for each observing tier and time. We show that EChO would be capable of observing over 170 relativity diverse planets if it were launched today, and the wealth of optimal targets for EChO expected to be discovered in the next 10 years by space and ground-based facilities is simply overwhelming. In addition, we build on previous molecular detectability studies to show what molecules and abundances will be detectable by EChO for a selection of real targets with various molecular compositions and abundances. EChO's unique contribution to exoplanetary science will be in identifying the main constituents of hundreds of exoplanets in various mass/temperature regimes, meaning that we will be looking no longer at individual cases but at populations. Such a universal view is critical if we truly want to understand the processes of planet formation and evolution in various environments. In this paper we present a selection of key results. The full results are available online (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/exoplanets/echotargetlist/).
description: Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy, 20 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Novantadue lune per Giove, è record
Creators: Redazione Ansa
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Il più grande pianeta del Sistema solare ha ora anche la famiglia di lune più numerosa. Il Minor Planet Center ha infatti pubblicato le orbite relative a 12 lune di Giove precedentemente non segnalate: un incremento del 15 per cento che sancisce il sorpasso su Saturno
Antonio con il suo sorriso, disarmante e contagioso
Creators: Giuliana Fiorentino ed Elena Valenti
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Martedì pomeriggio, al Pantheon della Certosa di Bologna, si è celebrata una funzione laica, una cerimonia toccante e un momento di raccolta fondamentale per ricordare e celebrare Antonio Sollima, ricercatore all’Oas di Bologna, che si è spento prematuramente all’età di soli 43 anni sabato 28 gennaio. Condividiamo con lettrici e lettori parti dei ricordi degli amici e colleghi
Pop stars: le stelle di popolazione III
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Gli astronomi le chiamano stelle di popolazione III. Sono astri antichissimi, ma sfuggenti. Nessuno, infatti, li ha ancora osservati direttamente. Ma esistono. Come si evolvono e quali caratteristiche hanno queste stelle primordiali? Una risposta arriva ora da uno studio condotto da un gruppo di ricercatori guidati dall'Università di Padova. Abbiamo intervistato il primo autore della pubblicazione che riporta i risultati della ricerca, Guglielmo Volpato
Cinquecento anni all’ombra delle macchie solari
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Gli isotopi d’origine cosmica presenti negli anelli degli alberi e nelle carote di ghiaccio forniscono indizi sull’attività solare passata e su come potrebbe aver influenzato gli eventi climatici. Un team di fisici solari, guidato da Valentina Penza dell’Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, li ha usati per stimare la variazione dell’irraggiamento solare negli ultimi cinque secoli
The wood from the trees: The use of timber in construction
Creators: name: Ramage, Michael
name: Burridge, H
name: Busse-Wicher, M
name: Fereday, G
name: Reynolds, T
name: Shah, Darshil
name: Wu, Guanglu
name: Yu, L
name: Fleming, P
name: Densley-Tingley, D
name: Allwood, Julian M.
name: Dupree, Paul
name: Linden, Paul
name: Scherman, Oren
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017

description: Trees, and their derivative products, have been used by societies around the world for thousands of years. Contemporary construction of tall buildings from timber, in whole or in part, suggests a growing interest in the potential for building with wood at a scale not previously attainable. As wood is the only significant building material that is grown, we have a natural inclination that building in wood is good for the environment. But under what conditions is this really the case? The environmental benefits of using timber are not straightforward; although it is a natural product, a large amount of energy is used to dry and process it. Much of this can come from the biomass of the tree itself, but that requires investment in plant, which is not always possible in an industry that is widely distributed among many small producers. And what should we build with wood? Are skyscrapers in timber a good use of this natural resource, or are there other aspects of civil and structural engineering, or large-scale infrastructure, that would be a better use of wood? Here, we consider a holistic picture ranging in scale from the science of the cell wall to the engineering and global policies that could maximise forestry and timber construction as a boon to both people and the planet.
description: This work was funded in major part by a Leverhulme Trust Programme Grant. Additional support comes from the EPSRC (UK)EP/K011774/1 (Allwood and Densley-Tingley) and NSERC (Canada) (Fleming).
Determination of CSF GFAP, CCN5, and vWF Levels Enhances the Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinically Defined MS From Non-MS Patients With CSF Oligoclonal Bands.
Creators: name: Probert, Fay
name: Yeo, Tianrong
name: Zhou, Yifan
name: Sealey, Megan
name: Arora, Siddharth
name: Palace, Jacqueline
name: Claridge, Timothy DW
name: Hillenbrand, Rainer
name: Oechtering, Johanna
name: Kuhle, Jens
name: Leppert, David
name: Anthony, Daniel C
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: diagnosis
subject: metabolomics (OMICS)
subject: multiple sclerosis (MS)
subject: proteomics
subject: oligoclonal band

description: BACKGROUND: Inclusion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal IgG bands (OCGB) in the revised McDonald criteria increases the sensitivity of diagnosis when dissemination in time (DIT) cannot be proven. While OCGB negative patients are unlikely to develop clinically definite (CD) MS, OCGB positivity may lead to an erroneous diagnosis in conditions that present similarly, such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) or neurosarcoidosis. OBJECTIVE: To identify specific, OCGB-complementary, biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy in OCGB positive patients. METHODS: We analysed the CSF metabolome and proteome of CDMS (n=41) and confirmed non-MS patients (n=64) comprising a range of CNS conditions routinely encountered in neurology clinics. RESULTS: OCGB discriminated between CDMS and non-MS with high sensitivity (85%), but low specificity (67%), as previously described. Machine learning methods revealed CCN5 levels provide greater accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than OCGB (79%, +5%; 90%, +5%; and 72%, +5% respectively) while glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) identified CDMS with 100% specificity (+33%). A multiomics approach improved accuracy further to 90% (+16%). CONCLUSION: The measurement of a few additional CSF biomarkers could be used to complement OCGB and improve the specificity of MS diagnosis when clinical and radiological evidence of DIT is absent.
Improved Recovery Guarantees for Phase Retrieval from Coded Diffraction Patterns
Creators: name: Gross, David
name: Krahmer, Felix
name: Kueng, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analyze the problem of phase retrieval from Fourier measurements with random diffraction patterns. To this end, we consider the recently introduced PhaseLift algorithm, which expresses the problem in the language of convex optimization. We provide recovery guarantees which require O(log^2 d) different diffraction patterns, thus improving on recent results by Candes et al. [arXiv:1310.3240], which require O(log^4 d) different patterns.
description: 28 pages, in press, Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis (2015)
How do the barrier thickness and dielectric material influence the filamentary mode and CO2 conversion in a flowing DBD?
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
name: Ozkan, Alp
name: Bogaerts, Annemie
name: Reniers, François
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are commonly used to generate cold plasmas at atmospheric pressure. Whatever their configuration (tubular or planar), the presence of a dielectric barrier is mandatory to prevent too much charge build up in the plasma and the formation of a thermal arc. In this article, the role of the barrier thickness (2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 mm) and of the kind of dielectric material (alumina, mullite, Pyrex, quartz) is investigated on the filamentary behavior in the plasma and on the CO2 conversion in a tubular flowing DBD, by means of mass spectrometry measurements correlated with electrical characterization and IR imaging. Increasing the barrier thickness decreases the capacitance, while preserving the electrical charge. As a result, the voltage over the dielectric increases and a larger number of microdischarges is generated, which enhances the CO2 conversion. Furthermore, changing the dielectric material of the barrier, while keeping the same geometry and dimensions, also affects the CO2 conversion. The highest CO2 conversion and energy efficiency are obtained for quartz and alumina, thus not following the trend of the relative permittivity. From the electrical characterization, we clearly demonstrate that the most important parameters are the somewhat higher effective plasma voltage (yielding a somewhat higher electric field and electron energy in the plasma) for quartz, as well as the higher plasma current (and thus larger electron density) and the larger number of microdischarge filaments (mainly for alumina, but also for quartz). The latter could be correlated to the higher surface roughness for alumina and to the higher voltage over the dielectric for quartz.
Characterizing the spatial structure of defensive skill in professional basketball
Creators: name: Franks, Alexander
name: Miller, Andrew
name: Bornn, Luke
name: Goldsberry, Kirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although basketball is a dualistic sport, with all players competing on both offense and defense, almost all of the sport's conventional metrics are designed to summarize offensive play. As a result, player valuations are largely based on offensive performances and to a much lesser degree on defensive ones. Steals, blocks and defensive rebounds provide only a limited summary of defensive effectiveness, yet they persist because they summarize salient events that are easy to observe. Due to the inefficacy of traditional defensive statistics, the state of the art in defensive analytics remains qualitative, based on expert intuition and analysis that can be prone to human biases and imprecision. Fortunately, emerging optical player tracking systems have the potential to enable a richer quantitative characterization of basketball performance, particularly defensive performance. Unfortunately, due to computational and methodological complexities, that potential remains unmet. This paper attempts to fill this void, combining spatial and spatio-temporal processes, matrix factorization techniques and hierarchical regression models with player tracking data to advance the state of defensive analytics in the NBA. Our approach detects, characterizes and quantifies multiple aspects of defensive play in basketball, supporting some common understandings of defensive effectiveness, challenging others and opening up many new insights into the defensive elements of basketball.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS799 in the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Dall’idrogeno alle stelle, sotto gli occhi di Alma
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Analizzando in dettaglio le dinamiche di aggregazione del gas freddo in 13 regioni di cielo – attentamente selezionate – da un parsec (circa tre anni luce) di diametro ciascuna, un team di ricercatori guidato da Alessio Traficante dell’Inaf di Roma è riuscito a determinare quale fra i due modelli oggi più gettonati dagli astronomi – core-fed vs. clump-fed – meglio descrive il percorso evolutivo che porta alla formazione di oggetti massicci. Il risultato è stato pubblicato su Mnras
DBD in burst mode: solution for more efficient CO2 conversion?
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
name: Ozkan, Alp
name: Silva, Tiago
name: Britun, Nikolay
name: Snyders, Rony
name: Reniers, François
name: Bogaerts, Annemie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: CO2 conversion into value-added products has gained significant interest over the few last years, as the greenhouse gas concentrations constantly increase due to anthropogenic activities. Here we report on experiments for CO2 conversion by means of a cold atmospheric plasma using a cylindrical flowing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. A detailed comparison of this DBD ignited in a so-called burst mode (i.e. where an AC voltage is applied during a limited amount of time) and pure AC mode is carried out to evaluate their effect on the conversion of CO2 as well as on the energy efficiency. Decreasing the duty cycle in the burst mode from 100% (i.e. corresponding to pure AC mode) to 40% leads to a rise in the conversion from 16–26% and to a rise in the energy efficiency from 15 to 23%. Based on a detailed electrical analysis, we show that the conversion correlates with the features of the microfilaments. Moreover, the root-mean-square voltage in the burst mode remains constant as a function of the process time for the duty cycles <70%, while a higher duty cycle or the usual pure AC mode leads to a clear voltage decay by more than 500 V, over approximately 90 s, before reaching a steady state regime. The higher plasma voltage in the burst mode yields a higher electric field. This causes the increasing the electron energy, and therefore their involvement in the CO2 dissociation process, which is an additional explanation for the higher CO2 conversion and energy efficiency in the burst mode.
Due milioni di euro per Francesco De Gasperin
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Assegnato al ricercatore dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica un Consolidator Grant, finanziato dal Consiglio europeo per le ricerche (Erc), dedicato a indagini del cosmo nelle onde radio di frequenza ultra-bassa. Le osservazioni saranno condotte con il radiotelescopio LoFar
Kaluza-Klein reduction and Bergmann-Wagoner bi-scalar general action of scalar-tensor gravity
Creators: name: Bamba, Kazuharu
name: Momeni, Davood
name: Myrzakulov, Ratbay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the Kaluza-Klein (KK) dimensional reduction from higher-dimensional space-time and the properties of the resultant Bergmann-Wagoner general action of scalar-tensor theories. With the analysis of the perturbations, we also investigate the stability of the anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-time in the $D\in\mathcal{N}$-dimensional Einstein gravity with the negative cosmological constant. Furthermore, we derive the conditions for the dimensional reduction to successfully be executed and present the KK compactification mechanism.
description: 18 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
From the teen to the Green revolution: American philanthropy and youth club work in Scandinavia
Creators: name: Nally, David
name: Brooks, Chay
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: Established in 1923, the International Education Board (IEB) was a philanthropic organisation that aimed to sponsor and steer educational projects on a global scale. Extending the work of the General Education Board (GEB), which had organised development activities in the southern states of the USA, the IEB focused on improving the social and economic roots of society by supporting, on the one hand, scientific research (mainly through institution building and fellowships) while, on the other hand, funding and promoting rural modernisation through farm demonstration work. While the IEB's 'macro' programmes of institution building and fellowship creation have been capably studied, its role in developing rural capacities through 'micro' schemes of community development is much less well known. This paper therefore concentrates on farming education programmes trialled in the three Scandinavian countries of Denmark, Finland and Sweden. We argue that these village-level programmes of rural pedagogy, aimed at children and adolescents, were intended to inculcate new farming habits, dispositions and techniques to better synchronise young adults with the routines of scientific and industrial farming. Promoting youth club work, via farm demonstrations and home economics, the IEB aimed to reshape the social by directly engaging with the next generation of farmers in rural Europe. The precise targeting of teens, we finally argue, is indicative of a broader shift that saw agrarian reformers look beyond technics to the 'culture' within agri-culture, and in particular to the tactics that heighten youth receptivity and responsiveness. This deep interest in the 'how' of striving - by this we mean the actions, forces and intensities that spark human endeavour - was later refined and developed during the Green Revolution as villages and peasants across the globe were made the targets of philanthropic reforms. By inciting new embodied attachments and affective relations between youth and land philanthropists hoped to quell social upheaval and inject 'modern' entrepreneurial values into the countryside.
description: David Nally wishes to acknowledge the generous financial aid provided by a Philip Leverhulme Prize and a Rockefeller Foundation Grant-in-Aid award which helped underwrite the costs of much of the research presented in this article.
Phase-space Properties and Chemistry of the Sagittarius Stellar Stream Down to the Extremely Metal-poor ($\rm[Fe/H] \lesssim -3$) Regime
Creators: name: Limberg, Guilherme
name: Queiroz, Anna B. A.
name: Perottoni, Hélio D.
name: Rossi, Silvia
name: Amarante, João A. S.
name: Santucci, Rafael M.
name: Chiappini, Cristina
name: Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
name: Lee, Young Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the phase-space and chemical properties of Sagittarius (Sgr) stream, the tidal tails produced by the ongoing destruction of Sgr dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxy, focusing on its very metal-poor (VMP; $\rm[Fe/H] < -2$) content. We combine spectroscopic and astrometric information from SEGUE and $Gaia$ EDR3, respectively, with data products from a new large-scale run of $\texttt{StarHorse}$ spectro-photometric code. Our selection criteria yields ${\sim}1600$ stream members, including ${>}200$ VMP stars. We find the leading arm ($b>0^\circ$) of Sgr stream to be more metal-poor, by ${\sim}0.2$ dex, than the trailing one ($b<0^\circ$). With a subsample of turnoff and subgiant stars, we estimate this substructure's stellar population to be ${\sim}1$ Gyr older than the thick disk's. With the aid of an $N$-body model of the Sgr system, we verify that simulated particles stripped earlier (${>}2$ Gyr ago) have present-day phase-space properties similar to lower-metallicity stream stars. Conversely, those stripped more recently (${<}2$ Gyr) are preferentially more akin to metal-rich ($\rm[Fe/H] > -1$) members of the stream. Such correlation between kinematics and chemistry can be explained by the existence of a dynamically hotter, less centrally-concentrated, and more metal-poor population in Sgr dSph prior to its disruption, implying that this galaxy was able to develop a metallicity gradient before its accretion. Finally, we discovered several carbon-enhanced metal-poor ($\rm[C/Fe] > +0.7$ and $\rm[Fe/H] \leq -1.5$) stars in Sgr stream, which is in tension with current observations of its remaining core where such objects are not found.
description: Accepted for ApJ. The arXiv was updated to match the accepted version
Heat transport in RbFe2As2 single crystal: evidence for nodal superconducting gap
Creators: name: Zhang, Z.
name: Wang, A. F.
name: Hong, X. C.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Pan, B. Y.
name: Pan, J.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Luo, X. G.
name: Chen, X. H.
name: Li, S. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-plane thermal conductivity of iron-based superconductor RbFe$_2$As$_2$ single crystal ($T_c \approx$ 2.1 K) was measured down to 100 mK. In zero field, the observation of a significant residual linear term $κ_0/T$ = 0.65 mW K$^{-2}$ cm$^{-1}$ provides clear evidence for nodal superdonducting gap. The field dependence of $κ_0/T$ is similar to that of its sister compound CsFe$_2$As$_2$ with comparable residual resistivity $ρ_0$, and lies between the dirty and clean KFe$_2$As$_2$. These results suggest that the (K,Rb,Cs)Fe$_2$As$_2$ serial superconductors have a common nodal gap structure.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Mimas, un mondo oceanico furtivo
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Arriva una nuova prova a favore dell’ipotesi che la luna più piccola di Saturno, Mimas, possa nascondere un oceano di acqua liquida sotto la sua superficie. Ad ottenerla sono state due ricercatrici della Purdue University e del Southwest Research Institute, grazie a simulazioni della formazione del cratere Herschel condotte per comprendere l'evoluzione interna della luna.
L’intelligenza artificiale ci aiuterà a trovare E.T.?
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Setacciando con avanzate tecniche di deep learning 150 terabyte di vecchi dati del Green Bank Telescope, relativi a 820 stelle vicine, un team di ricercatori del Seti Institute, del Breakthrough Listen e di altri istituti di ricerca di tutto il mondo, ha scoperto otto segnali interessanti che a una prima analisi, effettuata con algoritmi classici, erano passati inosservati
Minimal length effects in black hole thermodynamics from tunneling formalism
Creators: name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tunneling formalism in the Hamilton-Jacobi approach is adopted to study Hawking radiation of massless Dirac particles from spherically symmetric black hole spacetimes incorporating the effects of the generalized uncertainty principle. The Hawking temperature is found to contain corrections from the generalized uncertainty principle. Further, we show from this result that the ratio of the GUP corrected energy of the particle to the GUP corrected Hawking temperature is equal to the ratio of the corresponding uncorrected quantities. This result is then exploited to compute the Hawking temperature for more general forms of the uncertainty principle having infinite number of terms. Choosing the coefficients of the terms in the series in a specific way enables one to sum the infinite series exactly. This leads to a Hawking temperature for the Schwarzschild black hole that agrees with the result which accounts for the one loop back reaction effect. The entropy is finally computed and yields the area theorem upto logarithmic corrections.
description: 9 pages Latex, To appear in Int.J.Theo.Phys
Bessere Chancen für junge Migranten nun auch mit Mercator II
Creators: name: Boller, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Deutsch als Zweitsprache - Sprachförderung - Migration - Lehramtsausbildung - Mehrsprachigkeit
subject: 370 Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen
subject: 430 Deutsch

description: Jungen Migranten bessere Chancen zu gewähren ist das Ziel eines mehrjährigen schulischen Sprachförderprojektes der Stiftung Mercator Essen, in welchem Lehramtsstudierende Schülerinnen und Schülern mit nichtdeutscher Muttersprache außerschulische Sprachförderung in Deutsch als Zweitsprache erteilen. Am Beispiel des Standortes Regensburg werden Erfolge und Wirkungen dieses deutschlandweiten Projektes dargestellt.
Quando una supernova esplode senza fare rumore
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Un sistema binario formato da una stella di neutroni – il resto dell’esplosione di una supernova, dunque – e una stella massiccia di tipo Be. Un sistema in cui le orbite sono circolari, condizione sufficiente per ipotizzare che quella supernova sia esplosa in maniera insolita, come un petardo difettoso. Un sistema raro, ma fondamentale per la produzione di metalli pesanti come quelli che troviamo nel Sistema solare e sulla Terra
Tails of weakly dependent random vectors
Creators: name: Tankov, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 60F10, 62G32

description: We introduce a new functional measure of tail dependence for weakly dependent (asymptotically independent) random vectors, termed weak tail dependence function. The new measure is defined at the level of copulas and we compute it for several copula families such as the Gaussian copula, copulas of a class of Gaussian mixture models, certain Archimedean copulas and extreme value copulas. The new measure allows to quantify the tail behavior of certain functionals of weakly dependent random vectors at the log scale.
description: Replaced with revised version
Long-term PTSD prevalence and associated adverse psychological, functional, and economic outcomes: a 12–15 year follow-up of adults with suspected serious injury
Creators: name: Karchoud, Jeanet F.
name: Haagsma, Juanita
name: Karaban, Irina
name: Hoeboer, Chris
name: van de Schoot, Rens
name: Olff, Miranda
name: van Zuiden, Mirjam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Background: An increasing number of longitudinal studies investigates long-term PTSD, related outcomes and potential gender differences herein. However, a knowledge gap exists when it comes to studies following individual civilian trauma beyond a decade post-trauma. Objective: To investigate the long-term PTSD prevalence, associated adverse psychological, functional and economic outcomes related to (suspected) serious injury of 12–15 years ago in Dutch adults, as well as potential gender differences herein. Method:N = 194 trauma-exposed adults (34% women) admitted to an emergency department following suspected serious injury completed a follow-up assessment 12–15 years (M = 14.30, SD = 1.00) post-trauma. Participants completed assessments of clinician-rated PTSD symptom severity, as well as self-report questionnaires on psychological, functional and economic outcomes. Results: Nine participants (4.8%) fulfilled the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD related to the index trauma of 12–15 years ago. Results showed that PTSD symptom severity (CAPS-5) was significantly associated with more severe symptoms of anxiety (HADS) and depression (QIDS), lower well-being (WHO-5) and (health-related) quality of life (WHOQOL; EQ-5D-5L), but not with alcohol use (AUDIT), productivity loss at work (iPCQ) and health care use (iMCQ). No significant gender differences in the long-term PTSD prevalence nor in its related psychological, functional and economic outcomes were found. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the long-term presence of PTSD and associated adverse psychological and functional outcomes in a proportion of adults who experienced (suspected) serious injury over a decade ago. PTSD is already widely recognized for its substantial impact in the aftermath of a trauma. The current study emphasizes the potential long-term consequences of individual civilian trauma, highlighting the importance of accurate screening and prevention for PTSD. We investigated long-term PTSD and associated adverse outcomes 12–15 years post-trauma.4.8% had PTSD 12–15 years following suspected serious injury.Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with adverse psychological and functional outcomes. We investigated long-term PTSD and associated adverse outcomes 12–15 years post-trauma. 4.8% had PTSD 12–15 years following suspected serious injury. Higher PTSD symptoms were associated with adverse psychological and functional outcomes.
Tailoring optical excitation to control magnetic skyrmion nucleation
Creators: name: Kern, Lisa-Marie
name: Pfau, Bastian
name: Schneider, M.
name: Gerlinger, Kathinka
name: Deinhart, Victor
name: Wittrock, S.
name: Sidiropoulos, Themistoklis P. H.
name: Engel, Dieter
name: Will, I.
name: Günther, C. M.
name: Litzius, Kai
name: Wintz, S.
name: Weigand, M.
name: Büttner, Felix
name: Eisebitt, Stefan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::538 Magnetismus
subject: magnetism
subject: skyrmions
subject: magnetic multilayers
subject: X-ray holography
subject: X-ray imaging
subject: X-ray magnetic circular dichroism

description: In ferromagnetic multilayers, a single laser pulse with a fluence above an optical nucleation threshold can create magnetic skyrmions, which are randomly distributed over the area of the laser spot. However, in order to study the dynamics of skyrmions and for their application in future data technology, a controllable localization of the skyrmion nucleation sites is crucial. Here, it is demonstrated that patterned reflective masks behind a thin magnetic film can be designed to locally tailor the optical excitation amplitudes reached, leading to spatially controlled skyrmion nucleation on the nanometer scale. Using x-ray microscopy, the influence of nanopatterned backside aluminum masks on the optical excitation is studied in two sample geometries with varying layer sequence of substrate and magnetic Co/Pt multilayer. Surprisingly, the masks' effect on suppressing or enhancing skyrmion nucleation reverses when changing this sequence. Moreover, optical near-field enhancements additionally affect the spatial arrangement of the nucleated skyrmions. Simulations of the spatial modulation of the laser excitation and the following heat transfer across the interfaces in the two sample geometries are employed to explain these observations. The results demonstrate a reliable approach to add nanometer-scale spatial control to optically induced magnetization processes on ultrafast timescales.
Numerical-relativity simulation for tidal disruption of white dwarfs by a supermassive black hole
Creators: name: Lam, Alan Tsz Lok
name: Shibata, Masaru
name: Kiuchi, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study tidal disruption of white dwarfs in elliptic orbits with the eccenticity of $\sim 1/3$--$2/3$ by a non-spinning supermassive black hole of mass $M_{\rm BH}=10^5M_\odot$ in fully general relativistic simulations targeting the extreme mass-ratio inspiral leading eventually to tidal disruption. Numerical-relativity simulations are performed by employing a suitable formulation in which the weak self-gravity of white dwarfs is accurately solved. We reconfirm that tidal disruption occurs for white dwarfs of the typical mass of $\sim 0.6M_\odot$ and radius $\approx 1.2 \times 10^4$\,km near the marginally bound orbit around a non-spinning black hole with $M_{\rm BH}\alt 4\times 10^5M_\odot$.
description: Accepted for publication in PRD
Precision calculation of the quartet-channel p-d scattering length
Creators: name: König, Sebastian
name: Hammer, H. -W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fully perturbative calculation of the quartet-channel proton--deuteron scattering length up to next-to-next-to-leading order in pionless effective field theory. We use a framework that consistently extracts the Coulomb-modified effective range function for a screened Coulomb potential in momentum space and allows for a clear linear extrapolation back to the physical limit without screening. Our result of (10.9 +/- 0.4) fm agrees with older experimental determinations of this quantity but deviates from potential-model calculations and a more recent result from Black et al., which find larger values around 14 fm. As a possible resolution to this discrepancy, we discuss the scheme dependence of Coulomb subtractions in a three-body system.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, published version
Reduced Contractility and Motility of Prostatic Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts after Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90.
Creators: name: Henke, Alex
name: Franco, Omar E
name: Stewart, Grant
name: Riddick, Antony CP
name: Katz, Elad
name: Hayward, Simon W
name: Thomson, Axel A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2016
Subjects: cancer associated fibroblast
contractility
heat shock protein
prostate cancer

description: BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) can stimulate malignant progression and invasion of prostatic tumour cells via several mechanisms including those active in extracellular matrix; METHODS: We isolated CAF from prostate cancer patients of Gleason Score 6-10 and confirmed their cancer-promoting activity using an in vivo tumour reconstitution assay comprised of CAF and BPH1 cells. We tested the effects of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors upon reconstituted tumour growth in vivo. Additionally, CAF contractility was measured in a 3D collagen contraction assay and migration was measured by scratch assay; RESULTS: HSP90 inhibitors dipalmitoyl-radicicol and 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-DMAG) reduced tumour size and proliferation in CAF/BPH1 reconstituted tumours in vivo. We observed that the most contractile CAF were derived from patients with lower Gleason Score and of younger age compared with the least contractile CAF. HSP90 inhibitors radicicol and 17-DMAG inhibited contractility and reduced the migration of CAF in scratch assays. Intracellular levels of HSP70 and HSP90 were upregulated upon treatment with HSP90 inhibitors. Inhibition of HSP90 also led to a specific increase in transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFβ2) levels in CAF; CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that HSP90 inhibitors act not only upon tumour cells, but also on CAF in the tumour microenvironment.
description: This work was funded by the Medical Research Council (WBSe 1276.00.003.00004.01), the Prostate Cancer Charity UK (grant 110702 to A.A.T.) (http://www.prostate-cancer.org.uk), and National Cancer Institute (grant no. CA151924 to S.W.H.).
title: Romania Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Creators: name: Wagner, Andrea
name: Stan, Lavinia
name: Brusis, Martin
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Governance
Democracy
Regierungshandeln
Demokratie

description: In 2020–2021, the Romanian government’s ability to effectively govern and advance meaningful legislation was hindered by political instability and a rotating door of different coalitions. In February 2020, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) initiated a no-confidence vote against Ludovic Orban’s National Liberal Party (PNL) led government just three months after the government was established in response to a proposed PNL-backed reform, which would have disadvantaged the PSD in municipal elections.
Promoting lentil germination and stem growth by plasma activated tap water, demineralized water and liquid fertilizer
Creators: name: DUFOUR, Thierry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510602
subject: Plasma physics; fusion plasmas; electrical discharges

description: Tap water, demineralized water and liquid fertilizer have been activated using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) to investigate their benefits for the germination rate and stem elongation rate of lentils from Puy-en-Velay (France). By plasma-activating tap water, we have obtained germination rates as high as 80% (instead of 30% with tap water). Also, higher stem elongation rates and final stem lengths were obtained using activated tap water compared with commercial fertilizer. We show that these rates of germination and stem growth strongly depend on the combination of two radicals generated in the liquids by the plasma: hydrogen peroxide and nitrate. This synergy appears to be a condition for releasing seed dormancy through the endogenous production of NO radicals
A Framework for Monte Carlo based Multiple Testing
Creators: name: Gandy, Axel
name: Hahn, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We are concerned with a situation in which we would like to test multiple hypotheses with tests whose p-values cannot be computed explicitly but can be approximated using Monte Carlo simulation. This scenario occurs widely in practice. We are interested in obtaining the same rejections and non-rejections as the ones obtained if the p-values for all hypotheses had been available. The present article introduces a framework for this scenario by providing a generic algorithm for a general multiple testing procedure. We establish conditions which guarantee that the rejections and non-rejections obtained through Monte Carlo simulations are identical to the ones obtained with the p-values. Our framework is applicable to a general class of step-up and step-down procedures which includes many established multiple testing corrections such as the ones of Bonferroni, Holm, Sidak, Hochberg or Benjamini-Hochberg. Moreover, we show how to use our framework to improve algorithms available in the literature in such a way as to yield theoretical guarantees on their results. These modifications can easily be implemented in practice and lead to a particular way of reporting multiple testing results as three sets together with an error bound on their correctness, demonstrated exemplarily using a real biological dataset.
A genetic-algorithm-based method to find the unitary transformations for any de- sired quantum computation and application to a one-bit oracle decision problem
Creators: name: Bang, Jeongho
name: Yoo, Seokwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a genetic-algorithm-based method to find the unitary transformations for any desired quantum computation. We formulate a simple genetic algorithm by introducing the "genetic parameter vector" of the unitary transformations to be found. In the genetic algorithm process, all components of the genetic parameter vectors are supposed to evolve to the solution parameters of the unitary transformations. We apply our method to find the optimal unitary transformations and to generalize the corresponding quantum algorithms for a realistic problem, the one-bit oracle decision problem, or the often-called Deutsch problem. By numerical simulations, we can faithfully find the appropriate unitary transformations to solve the problem by using our method. We analyze the quantum algorithms identified by the found unitary transformations and generalize the variant models of the original Deutsch's algorithm.
description: Published version
title: Evolution der Typografie im World Wide Web. Eine empirische Studie als Beitrag zur Designgeschichte des WWW
Creators: name: Meier, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: World Wide Web, Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstelle, Mediendesign, Entwicklung, Designgeschichte, Web-Interface, Empirische Studie, Web Design, evolution, web interface, design history, empirical study, Typografie, Schrift
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft
subject: 004 Informatik

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht auf empirische Weise die historische Entwicklung der Webtypografie im Kontext einer Designgeschichte der Web-Interfaces. Als Ausgangsbasis dient dabei eine zuvor bereits selbst durchgeführte Studie, die die Webauftritte von 15 größeren Softwarefirmen über einen Zeitraum von zwölf Jahren (1996-2007) auf deren strukturelle Entwicklung hin untersuchte. Die darin entwickelten Modelle zur Beschreibung von Web-Interfaces sowie die Vorgehensweisen bei der Datenerhebung und der Datenanalyse wurden adaptiert und für den Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie überarbeitet. Um Aufschluss über signifikante Entwicklungen von mikro-, meso-, und makrotypografischen Charakteristika im Webdesign zu erlangen, wird ein Kriterienkatalog aus 101 Merkmalsausprägungen konzipiert, und zur Datenerhebung anhand des Internet-Archives, einem Korpus für historische Webpräsenzen, instrumentalisiert. Neben der signifikanten Zunahme von Wörtern, die durch Interaktion(Hover-Effekt) hervorgehoben werden, konnte die Schriftart Arial als die dominierende Webschriftart identifiziert werden. Zusätzlich wird eine deutliche Regression der Schriftgröße und des Schrift/Hintergrund-Kontrastes ermittelt. Ebenfalls ließen sich über den Zeitverlauf Unterschiede in der technischen Realisierung von typografischen Merkmalen feststellen.
description: This thesis examines, adapting an empirical approach, the historical evolution of typography on the web in the context of web-interface design history. A preliminarily conducted survey, analyzing the structural evolution of 15 larger software companies’ websites in a period of twelve years (from 1996 to 2007), thereby serves as a base of operations. Therein generated patterns, describing the composition of web-interfaces, and the procedural method used at data acquisition and data analysis, were adopted and modified within the scope of this work. In order to explore significant developments regarding micro, meso, and macro typographic characteristics in web design, a set of criteria, consisting of 101 characteristic values, was designed and utilized for data acquisition using the Internet Archive, a corpus containing historical websites. In addition to the significant increase of words highlighted by the usage of the hover method, the font face Arial could be identified as the predominant web font. Furthermore, a considerable regression of font size and font/background-contrast becomes apparent. Beyond that, varying technical implementations of typographic features within the sample period could be asserted.