cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A theory of deconfined pseudo-criticality
Creators: name: Ma, Ruochen
name: Wang, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that the deconfined criticality in $(2+1)d$ -- the quantum phase transition between a Neel anti-ferromagnet and a valence-bond-solid (VBS) -- may actually be pseudo-critical, in the sense that it is a weakly first-order transition with a generically long correlation length. The underlying field theory of the transition would be a slightly complex (non-unitary) fixed point as a result of fixed points annihilation. This proposal was motivated by existing numerical results from large scale Monte-Carlo simulations as well as conformal bootstrap. However, an actual theory of such complex fixed point, incorporating key features of the transition such as the emergent $SO(5)$ symmetry, is so far absent. Here we propose a Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) nonlinear sigma model with level $k=1$, defined in $2+ε$ dimensions, with target space $S^{3+ε}$ and global symmetry $SO(4+ε)$. This gives a formal interpolation between the deconfined criticality at $d=3$ and the $SU(2)_1$ WZW theory at $d=2$ describing the spin-$1/2$ Heisenberg chain. The theory can be formally controlled, at least to leading order, in terms of the inverse of the WZW level $1/k$. We show that at leading order, there is a fixed point annihilation at $d^*\approx2.77$, with complex fixed points above this dimension including the physical $d=3$ case. The pseudo-critical properties such as correlation length, scaling dimensions and the drifts of scaling dimensions as the system size increases, calculated crudely to leading order, are qualitatively consistent with existing numerics.
The fermionic limit of the delta-function Bose gas: a pseudopotential approach
Creators: name: Sen, Diptiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use first-order perturbation theory near the fermionic limit of the delta-function Bose gas in one dimension (i.e., a system of weakly interacting fermions) to study three situations of physical interest. The calculation is done using a pseudopotential which takes the form of a two-body delta''-function interaction. The three cases considered are the behavior of the system with a hard wall, with a point where the strength of the pseudopotential changes discontinuously, and with a region of finite length where the pseudopotential strength is non-zero (this is sometimes used as a model for a quantum wire). In all cases, we obtain exact expressions for the density to first order in the pseudopotential strength. The asymptotic behaviors of the densities are in agreement with the results obtained from bosonization for a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid, namely, an interaction dependent power-law decay of the density far from the hard wall, a reflection from the point of discontinuity, and transmission resonances for the interacting region of finite length. Our results provide a non-trivial verification of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid description of the delta-function Bose gas near the fermionic limit.
description: LaTeX, 17 pages, no figures
Anisotropy in the Antiferromagnetic Spin Fluctuations of Sr2RuO4
Creators: name: Nagata, T.
name: Urata, M.
name: Kawano-Furukawa, H.
name: Yoshizawa, H.
name: Kadowaki, H.
name: Dai, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that Sr_2RuO_4 exhibits spin triplet superconductivity mediated by ferromagnetic fluctuations. So far neutron scattering experiments have failed to detect any clear evidence of ferromagnetic spin fluctuations but, instead, this type of experiments has been successful in confirming the existence of incommensurate spin fluctuations near q=(1/3 1/3 0). For this reason there have been many efforts to associate the contributions of such incommensurate fluctuations to the mechanism of its superconductivity. Our unpolarized inelastic neutron scattering measurements revealed that these incommensurate spin fluctuations possess c-axis anisotropy with an anisotropic factor χ''_{c}/χ''_{a,b} of \sim 2.8. This result is consistent with some theoretical ideas that the incommensurate spin fluctuations with a c-axis anisotropy can be a origin of p-wave superconductivity of this material.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in PRB
Hybrid Color Glass Condensate and hydrodynamic description of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider small system scan
Creators: name: Schenke, Bjoern
name: Shen, Chun
name: Tribedy, Prithwish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-particle correlation observables in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider small system scan are computed in a framework that contains both initial state momentum anisotropies from the Color Glass Condensate effective theory and final state hydrodynamic evolution. The initial state is computed using the IP-Glasma model and coupled to viscous relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, which are followed by microscopic hadronic transport. All parameters of the calculation were previously constrained using experimental data on Au+Au collisions at the same center of mass energy. We find that the qualitative features of the experimental data, such as the system and centrality dependence of the charged hadron momentum anisotropy, can only be reproduced when final state interactions are present. On the other hand, we also demonstrate that the details of the initial state are crucially important for the quantitative description of observables in the studied small systems, as neglecting the initial transverse flow profile or the initial shear stress tensor, which contain information on the momentum anisotropy from the Color Glass Condensate, has dramatic effects on the produced final state anisotropy. We further show that the initial state momentum anisotropy is correlated with the observed elliptic flow in all small systems, with the effect increasing with decreasing multiplicity. We identify the precise measurement of $v_2$ in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at RHIC energy at the same multiplicity as a means to reveal effects of the initial state momentum anisotropy.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
title: A Further Analysis of Exchange Rate Targeting in Canada
Creators: name: Amano, Robert
name: Wirjanto, Tony S.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1994

description: In a recent paper Mercenier and Sekkat (1988) conclude that the Bank of Canada has followed a policy of exchange rate targeting using the money supply. We re-examine their results using a different estimation approach and with different assumptions about the forcing process of the exogenous variables. We also extend the sample period to include more recent observations. While we find some weak evidence to support their conclusion, the results, in general, suggest that the Bank of Canada has not used the money supply to target the Canada-U.S. exchange rate.
description: Dans une étude publiée en 1988, Mercenier et Sekkat ont conclu que la Banque du Canada avait des objectifs en matière de taux de change qu'elle cherchait à atteindre en influant sur la masse monétaire. Les auteurs de la présente étude réexaminent les résultats obtenus par Mercenier et Sekkat en mettant à contribution une méthode d'estimation différente et en faisant d'autres types d'hypothèses au sujet du processus de dynamisation des variables exogènes. Ils retiennent aussi une période d'estimation plus longue de manière à tenir compte d'observations plus récentes. Les résultats empiriques confirment dans une très faible mesure la thèse de Mercenier et Sekkat, mais ils indiquent, de manière générale, que la Banque du Canada ne s'est pas servie de la masse monétaire dans la poursuite d'un taux de change cible du dollar canadien par rapport au dollar américain.
title: The Term Structure and Real Activity in Canada
Creators: name: Crozier, Barry
name: Tkacz, Greg
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1994

description: This paper examines the predictive content of the term structure of interest rates for economic activity in Canada. Recent papers for the United States and other countries find that the slope of the term structure is a very good predictor of output growth. We find a strong, positive relationship between the spread across long and short rates and future changes in real GDP in Canada. This relationship is strongest at the 1-year horizon or just beyond. The term structure also helps predict inflation at horizons beyond two years in equations including the output gap and lagged inflation. Using the theoretical framework provided in the paper, we examine the conditions under which the term spread would better reflect the stance of monetary policy than a short-term interest rate and argue that these conditions are likely to be satisfied in the data.
description: Dans la présente étude, les auteurs examinent la capacité de prévision de la structure à terme des taux d'intérêt au regard de l'activité économique au Canada. Des études récentes menées aux États-Unis et dans d'autres pays ont montré que la pente de la structure des taux d'intérêt est un très bon indicateur avancé de la croissance de la production. Selon les auteurs, il existe une forte relation positive entre l'écart des taux à long et à court terme et les variations futures du PIB réel au Canada. La relation la plus forte est observée pour les horizons d'un an ou un peu plus. La structure à terme des taux d'intérêt sert aussi à prévoir l'inflation sur des horizons de plus de deux ans dans des équations comprenant l'écart de production et l'inflation retardée. À l'aide du cadre théorique retenu, les auteurs analysent les conditions dans lesquelles l'écart entre les taux à long terme et les taux à court terme refléterait mieux l'orientation de la politique monétaire qu'un taux à court terme et soutiennent que les données semblent satisfaire ces conditions.
MOESM2 of Active involvement of patients and relatives improves subjective adherence to hygienic measures, especially selfreported hand hygiene: Results of the AHOI pilot study.
Creators: name: Görig, Tillmann
name: Dittmann, Kathleen
name: Kramer, Axel
name: Claus-Dieter Heidecke
name: Diedrich, Stephan
name: Nils-Olaf Hübner
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Use of disinfectant dispenser by patients, n = 134.
title: An Up-to-Date and Improved BVAR Model of the Canadian Economy
Creators: name: Racette, Daniel
name: Raynauld, Jacques
name: Sigouin, Christian
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1994

description: In this paper, we estimate a fully optimized BVAR model of the Canadian economy for the period 1971-87. The model is well-adapted to the features of a small open economy. We show how it can be used as an input in the monetary policy process either as a forecasting instrument or an analytical tool. In general, forecast results over the 1988-92 period compare well with those of univariate autoregressive models. The results from the variance decomposition exercise show a rather weak influence of monetary aggregates on macroeconomic variables, at least in a short-run context. However, foreign variables, particularly commodity prices, play an important role.

description: Dans cette étude, nous présentons l'estimation, pour la période 1971-1987, d'un modèle BVAR de l'économie canadienne particulièrement bien adapté aux caractéristiques d'économie ouverte du pays. La méthode utilisée permet d'optimiser globalement l'estimation de l'ensemble des hyperparamètres du modèle. Nous montrons comment le modèle peut être utilisé comme outil d'analyse ou de prévision dans le domaine de la politique monétaire. Les résultats des exercices de prévision réalisés à l'aide du modèle se comparent avantageusement à ceux qui sont obtenus pour la même période avec des modèles autorégressifs univariés (AR). Par ailleurs, les exercices de décomposition de variances indiquent que les agrégats monétaires ont, du moins à court terme, une influence plutôt faible sur les grandes variables macroéconomiques, mais que les variables étrangères, en particulier les prix des denrées de base, jouent un rôle important.
Iron and Nickel properties in the X-ray reflecting region of the Circinus Galaxy
Creators: name: Molendi, Silvano
name: Bianchi, Stefano
name: Matt, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the iron and nickel properties in the nuclear X-ray reflecting region of the Circinus Galaxy, studied with XMM-Newton. The main results are: a) from the depth of the Fe Kalpha edge, a value of A_Fe=1.7 in number with respect to the cosmic value (as for Anders & Grevesse 1989) is measured, if the (not directly visible) illuminating spectrum is assumed to be that measured by BeppoSAX. If the slope of the primary power law is left free to vary, a steeper spectrum and a lower iron abundance (about 1.2) are found. b) From the Ni to Fe Kalpha lines flux ratio, a nickel-to-iron abundance ratio of 0.055-0.075 is found. c) The Fe Kbeta/Kalpha flux ratio is slightly lower than expected, possibly due to a mild ionization of iron (which however cannot be much more ionized than X). d) The presence of the Fe Kalpha Compton Shoulder, already discovered by Chandra, is confirmed, its relative flux implying Compton-thick matter. This further supports the identification of the reflecting region with the absorber.
description: To appear in MNRAS pink pages
title: Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade: A Survey
Creators: name: Côté, Agathe
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1994

description: This paper provides an extensive survey of the literature on exchange rate volatility and trade, examining both the theory that underlies the work in this area and the results of empirical studies published since 1988.

Despite the widespread view that an increase in volatility will reduce the level of trade, this review reveals that the effects of volatility are ambiguous. There is no real consensus on either the direction or the size of the exchange rate volatility - trade level relationship. Overall, a larger number of studies find that volatility tends to reduce the level of trade, but when the effect is measured, it is found to be relatively small.

Several reasons can explain this tenuous relationship: (i) even for risk-averse businesses, an increase in risk does not necessarily lead to a reduction in the risky activity, (ii) the availability of hedging techniques makes it possible for traders to avoid most of exchange risk at little cost, (iii) exchange rate volatility may actually offset some other forms of business risk, and (iv) exchange rate volatility can create profitable trading and investment opportunities.

description: La présente étude offre un panorama des recherches faites sur les liens qui existent entre la volatilité des taux de change et les échanges internationaux. L'auteure y examine d'une part les fondements théoriques des travaux effectués dans ce domaine et, d'autre part, les résultats des études empiriques publiées depuis 1988.

Même si la perception générale est que l'accroissement de la volatilité des taux de change abaisse le niveau des échanges commerciaux, la présente étude montre que les effets de la volatilité sont ambigus. Un véritable consensus ne se dégage ni sur le sens ni sur l'importance des liens entre la volatilité des taux de change et les échanges commerciaux. Dans l'ensemble, parmi les études consultées, la majorité arrive à la conclusion que la volatilité du cours de la monnaie tend à abaisser le niveau des échanges, mais lorsque l'effet est mesuré, on constate qu'il est relativement mineur.

La faiblesse de ce lien peut s'expliquer de plusieurs façons : i) un accroissement du risque n'entraîne pas forcément une diminution des activités à risque même pour les entreprises qui ont une aversion pour le risque; ii) les techniques de couverture permettent aux entreprises de réduire considérablement, à peu de frais, le risque de change; iii) la volatilité des taux de change peut en fait compenser d'autres types de risque; et iv) la volatilité des taux de change peut créer des conditions propices à des échanges commerciaux et à des investissements rentables.
Onset of a skyrmion phase by chemical substitution in MnGe chiral magnet
Creators: name: Altynbaev, E.
name: Martin, N.
name: Heinemann, A.
name: Fomicheva, L.
name: Tsvyashchenko, A.
name: Mirebeau, I.
name: Grigoriev, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the magnetic phase diagram of Mn$_{1-x}$Fe$_{x}$Ge alloys with concentration $x$ ($0 \leq x \leq 0.3$) by small-angle neutron scattering. We unambiguously observe the absence of a skyrmion lattice (or A-phase) in bulk MnGe and its onset under a small Mn/Fe substitution. The A-phase is there endowed with an exceptional skyrmion density, and is stabilized within a very large temperature region and a field range which scales with the Fe concentration. Our findings highlight the possibility to fine-tune properties of skyrmion lattices by means of chemical doping.
title: The Dynamic Behaviour of Canadian Imports and the Linear-Quadratic Model: Evidence Based on the Euler Equation
Creators: name: Amano, Robert
name: Wirjanto, Tony S.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1994

description: We examine the ability of the simple linear-quadratic model under rational expectations to explain dynamic behaviour of aggregate Canadian imports. In contrast to authors of previous studies who examine dynamic behaviour using the LQ model, we estimate the structural parameters using the Euler equation in a limited information framework that does not require an explicit solution for the model's control variables in terms of the exogenous forcing variables. In the first stage of our two-step methodology, we find statistically stable long-run elasticities of domestic activity and relative price to be about 1.5 and -0.5 over the sample period of estimation. In the second stage, we use the parameter estimates from the first stage and estimate the Euler equation. These empirical estimates imply that adjustment costs are about 9 to 13 times more important than disequilibrium costs. In sum, we find surprisingly encouraging evidence supporting the view that the LQ model is not inconsistent with the dynamic behaviour of Canadian aggregate imports.
description: Dans le présent article, les auteurs cherchent à établir si le modèle simple de forme quadratique linéaire peut, sous l'hypothèse de rationalité des attentes, expliquer le comportement dynamique de l'ensemble des importations canadiennes. Contrairement aux auteurs d'études antérieures, axées sur la méthode quadratique linéaire, ils estiment les paramètres structurels à l'aide de l'équation d'Euler en utilisant une méthode du maximum de vraisemblance à information limitée qui n'exige pas que les variables de contrôle du modèle soient explicitement résolues en fonction des variables d'impulsion exogènes. Dans la première des deux étapes de leur méthode, les auteurs trouvent des élasticités à long terme stables sur le plan statistique oscillant autour de 1,5 pour l'activité intérieure et autour de -0,5 pour les prix relatifs sur l'ensemble de la période considérée. Dans la deuxième étape, ils estiment l'équation d'Euler en se fondant sur les estimations des paramètres obtenues à la première étape. Ces estimations empiriques laissent supposer que les coûts d'ajustement sont de 9 à 13 fois environ plus importants que les coûts de déséquilibre. Somme toute, ils trouvent des résultats étonnamment encourageants validant l'hypothèse que le modèle de forme quadratique linéaire peut servir à formaliser le comportement dynamique de l'ensemble des importations canadiennes.
Additional file 1 of The effect of ding’s screw and tension band wiring for treatment of olecranon fractures: a finite element study
Creators: name: Yin, Nuo
name: Pan, Mingmang
name: Li, Chenglei
name: Du, Li
name: Ding, Liang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary materials 1
Soap film thickness imaging by infrared methods
Creators: name: Mackey, Ryan M. E.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: A new method of studying soap film flows is introduced and discussed from several viewpoints. Using a commercial infrared camera and a cold background as an infrared light source, one can recover nonintrusively a measurement of the film thickness distribution. Once the thickness is known it is easy to compute the two-dimensional pressure in the film, allowing one to compute other film properties as well.

Blackbody and infrared detector theory are covered in brief and a simple theory of operation is introduced to explain the connection between emissivity and thickness. This theory is demonstrated to behave similarly to the physical system, predicting detected temperature values as a function of thickness of the same approximate magnitude as observed, but is too simple to provide a perfect match. An empirical calibration routine is demonstrated allowing one to calculate the film thickness to a high degree of precision.

The infrared method is applied to a number of familiar test problems as a demonstration. A gravity driven soap film tunnel has been constructed, and infrared images of the film surface are provided for unobstructed flow, separated flow past a cylinder held at one wall, and turbulent flow through a grid. These images are presented in raw and processed formats and the phenomena observed are discussed.
Auger Effect in the High-Resolution Ce 3d-edge Resonant Photoemission
Creators: name: Cho, E. -J.
name: Jung, R. -J.
name: Choi, B. -H.
name: Oh, S. -J.
name: Iwasaki, T.
name: Sekiyama, A.
name: Imada, S.
name: Suga, S.
name: Muro, T.
name: Park, J. -G.
name: Kwon, Y. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk-sensitive Ce 4$f$ spectral weights of various Ce compounds including CeFe$_2$, CeNi$_2$, and CeSi$_2$ were obtained with the resonant photoemission technique at the Ce 3d-edge. We found the lineshapes change significantly with the small change of the incident photon energy. Detailed analysis showed that this phenomenon results primarily from the Auger transition between different multiplet states of the Ce $\underline{3d_{5/2}}4f^2$ (bar denotes a hole) electronic configuration in the intermediate state of the resonant process. This tells us that extra care should be taken for the choice of the resonant photon energy when extracting Ce 4$f$ spectral weights from the Ce 3$d$-edge resonant photoemission spectra. The absorption energy corresponding to the lowest multiplet structure of the Ce $\underline{3d_{5/2}}4f^2$ configuration seems to be the logical choice.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Dilaton Stabilization in (A)dS Spacetime with Compactified Dimensions
Creators: name: Uzawa, Kunihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dilaton stabilization in a higher-dimensional theory. The background geometry is based on an eleven-dimensional Kaluza-Klein/supergravity model, which is assumed to be a product of four-dimensional de Sitter (dS_4) spacetime and a seven sphere. The dilaton potential has a local minimum resulting from contributions of the cosmological constant, the curvature of the internal spacetime and quantum effects of the background scalar, vector, spinor, and tensor fields. The dilaton settles down to the local minimum, and the scale of the extra dimensions eventually become time independent. Our four-dimensional universe evolves from dS_4 into AdS_4 after stabilization of the extra dimension.
description: 43 pages, 12 figures, PTPTeX. Accepted for publication in Progress of Theoretical Physics
How much research output from India gets social media attention?
Creators: name: Banshal, Sumit Kumar
name: Singh, Vivek Kumar
name: Muhuri, Pranab K.
name: Mayr, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scholarly articles are now increasingly being mentioned and discussed in social media platforms, sometimes even as pre- or post-print version uploads. Measures of social media mentions and coverage are now emerging as an alternative indicator of impact of scholarly articles. This article aims to explore how much scholarly research output from India is covered in different social media platforms, and how similar or different it is from the world average. It also analyses the discipline-wise variations in coverage and altmetric attention for Indian research output, including a comparison with the world average. Results obtained show interesting patterns. Only 28.5% of the total research output from India is covered in social media platforms, which is about 18% less than the world average. ResearchGate and Mendeley are the most popular social media platforms in India for scholarly article coverage. In terms of discipline-wise variation, medical sciences and biological sciences have relatively higher coverage across different platforms compared to disciplines like information science and engineering.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Published in CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 117, NO. 5, 2019
SCUBA Observations of MAMBO Sources
Creators: name: Eales, Steve
name: Bertoldi, Frank
name: Ivison, Rob
name: Carilli, Chris
name: Dunne, Loretta
name: Owen, Frazer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed 23 sources from the MAMBO 1200 micron survey with SCUBA at 850 microns, detecting 19 of the sources. The sources generally have low values for the ratio of 850 micron to 1200 micron flux. Two possible explanations for the low values are either that the sources are at very high redshift or that the global properties of the dust in the MAMBO sources are different from the global properties of dust in low-redshift galaxies. If the former explanation is correct, we estimate that 15 of the MAMBO sources lie at z > 3.
description: MNRAS, in press
title: An Empirical Investigation into Government Spending and Private Sector Behaviour
Creators: name: Amano, Robert
name: Wirjanto, Tony S.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1994

description: We examine whether there is a significant relationship between government and private consumption for Canada. We derive estimating equations between the two types of consumption under both cointegration and no-cointegration assumptions. This distinction seems to have been largely ignored in previous work in the literature. Our results suggest that this distinction is an important one. For government spending on goods and services, our pretests do not allow us to firmly conclude whether government and private consumption are cointegrated or not. Therefore, we estimate the relationship under both cointegration and no cointegration assumptions. Under the cointegration assumption we find the two types of consumption to be complements, whereas under the no-cointegration assumption we find them to be substitutes. For government investment spending we are unable to find any evidence consistent with cointegration. Under the maintained assumption of no cointegration we find no statistically significant relationship but an economic relationship that implies they are complements rather than substitutes.
description: Dans la présente étude, les auteurs examinent s’il existe une relation significative entre les dépenses de consommation publiques et privées au Canada. À cette fin, ils ont dérivé les équations à estimer sous les hypothèses de cointégration et d’absence de cointégration entre les deux types de consommation. En général, cette distinction ne semble pas avoir été prise en compte dans les travaux effectués dans le domaine. Les résultats de l’étude donnent pourtant à penser que la distinction est importante. En ce qui a trait aux dépenses en biens et services du secteur public, les tests préliminaires menés par les auteurs ne permettent pas de conclure avec certitude ni à la cointégration ni à la non-cointégration des dépenses de consommation publiques et privées. C’est pourquoi les auteurs estiment la relation suivant chacune des deux hypothèses. Ils ont découvert, dans le premier cas, que les deux types de consommation sont complémentaires et, dans le deuxième, qu’ils sont substituables. Pour ce qui est des dépenses publiques d’investissement, les résultats obtenus n’ont pu étayer l’hypothèse de cointégration. Sous l’hypothèse d’absence de cointégration, ils n’ont constaté aucune relation statistique significative, mais une relation économique qui indique que les dépenses d’investissement et celles de consommation sont complémentaires plutôt que substituables.
Higgs inflation in complex geometrical scalar-tensor theory of gravity
Creators: name: Aguilar, José Edgar Madriz
name: Zamarripa, J.
name: Montes, M.
name: Romero, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a Higgs inflationary model in the context of a complex geometrical scalar-tensor theory of gravity. In this model the Higgs inflaton scalar field has geometrical origin playing the role of the Weyl scalar field in the original non-riemannian background geometry. The energy scale enough to generate inflation from the Higgs energy scale is achieved due to the compatibility of the theory with its background complex Weyl-integrable geometry. We found that for a number of e-foldings $N=63$, a nearly scale invariant spectrum for the inflaton is obtained with an spectral index $n_s\simeq 0.9735$ and a scalar to tensor ratio $r\simeq 0.01$, which are in agreement with Planck observational data.
description: 7 pages, no figures
Additional file 2 of The effect of ding’s screw and tension band wiring for treatment of olecranon fractures: a finite element study
Creators: name: Yin, Nuo
name: Pan, Mingmang
name: Li, Chenglei
name: Du, Li
name: Ding, Liang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary material 2
Ground state properties of charge and magnetically frustrated two--dimensional quantum Josephson--junction arrays
Creators: name: Kopec, T. K.
name: Polak, T. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a quantum Hamiltonian that models an two--dimensional array of Josephson junctions with short range Josephson couplings, (given by the Josephson energy E_J and charging energiey E_C due to the small capacitance of the junctions. We include the effects from both the self-C0 and the junction-C1 capacitances in the presence of external magnetic flux f=fi/fi0 as well as uniform background of charges q_{x}. We derive an effective quantum non--linear sigma-model for the array Hamiltonian which enables us a non mean--field treatment of the zero--temperature phase transition scenario. We calculate the ground--state phase diagram, analytically deriving E_J^{crit}(E_C,q_x,f) for several rational fluxes f=0,1/2,1/3,1/4 and 1/6 that improves upon previous theoretical treatments based on mean--field approximations.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Evaluating the Evidence of Multipolar Surface Magnetic Field in PSR J0108$-$1431
Creators: name: Arumugasamy, Prakash
name: Mitra, Dipanjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J0108$-$1431 is an old pulsar where the X-ray emission is expected to have a thermal component from the polar cap and a non-thermal component from the magnetosphere. Although the phase-integrated spectra are fit best with a single non-thermal component modeled with a power-law (PL) of photon index $Γ=2.9$, the X-ray pulse profiles do show the presence of phase-separated thermal and non-thermal components. The spectrum extracted from half the rotational phase away from the X-ray peak fits well with either a single blackbody (BB) or a neutron star atmosphere (NA) model, whereas, the spectrum from the rest of the phase range is dominated by a PL. From Bayesian analysis, the estimated BB area is smaller than the expected polar cap area for a dipolar magnetic field with a probability of 86% whereas the area estimate from the NA model is larger with a probability of 80%. Due to the ambiguity in the thermal emission model, the polar cap area cannot be reliably estimated and hence cannot be used to understand the nature of the surface magnetic field. Instead, we can infer the presence of multipolar magnetic field from the misalignment between the pulsar's thermal X-ray peak and the radio emission peak. For J0108$-$1431, we estimated a phase-offset $Δϕ> 0.1$ between the thermal polar cap emission peak and the radio emission peak and argue that this is best explained by the presence of a multipolar surface magnetic field.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
What is the value of an observable between pre- and postselection?
Creators: name: Johansen, Lars M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hall's recent derivation of an exact uncertainty relation [Phys. Rev. A64, 052103 (2001)] is revisited. It is found that the Bayes estimator of an observable between pre- and postselection equals the real part of the weak value. The quadratic loss function equals the expectation of the squared imaginary part of the weak value.
description: 5 pages, accepted in Phys. Lett. A
MOESM1 of Perceptions of students after implementing peer instruction in an introductory physics course
Creators: name: Budini, Nicolás
name: Marino, Luis
name: Carreri, Ricardo
name: Cámara, Cristina
name: Giorgi, Silvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Survey elaborated and used for assessing students’ perceptions regarding the implementation of peer instruction activities during their first physics course (mechanics).
title: Numerical simulation for evaluating the phase-shift of fine sediment in stony debris flows
Creators: name: Uchida, Taro
name: Nishiguchi, Yuki
name: McArdell, Brian W.
name: Satofuka, Yoshifumi
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: debris-flow
numerical simulation
input condition
hazard map
Aranayake disaster

description: To predict hazard-endangered areas and debris-flow velocity, a variety of physically-based numerical simulation models have been developed. In these models, the relatively large sediment particles such as boulders move as a laminar flow, but the interstitial fluid between sediments behaves like a turbulent flow. Moreover, several recent models assumed that fine sediments act as a fluid. This behavior of fine sediment is referred to as the “phase-shift” of fine sediment. However, because it is difficult to observe the phase-shift of fine sediment in the field, adequate data on the phase-shift of debris flow are still lacking. In the last two decades, intensive monitoring for debris flow has been conducted all over the world, and observations have dramatically increased. For example, in the Illgraben catchment, Switzerland, observations of bulk density, pore pressure, flow depth, front velocity, and temporal and spatial patterns of erosion due to debris flows are available. So, we used these data for model input conditions. We applied the numerical simulation model Kanako-LS to evaluate the phase-shift concept for describing a variety of debris flow properties and behaviors at the Illgraben, Switzerland. Here we successfully describe a variety of observed debris flow behaviors, such as erosion and deposition pattern and shape and velocity of debris-flow fronts. However, if we ignored effects of phase-shift, the deposition volume was overestimated and flow velocity was underestimated.
title: Deriving Agents' Inflation Forecasts from the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Creators: name: Ragan, Christopher
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: In this paper, the author uses the term structure of nominal interest rates to construct estimates of agents' expectations of inflation over several medium-term forecast horizons. The Expectations Hypothesis is imposed together with the assumption that expected future real interest rates are given by current real rates. Under these maintained assumptions, it is possible to compare the nominal yields on two assets of different maturities and attribute the difference in nominal yields to differences in expected inflation over the two horizons (assuming a constant term premium). The results for the United States and Canada over the past several years suggest that there is a significant static element to agents' inflation expectations.
description: À l'aide de la structure par terme des taux d'intérêt nominaux, l'auteur établit sur plusieurs horizons de prévision à moyen terme des estimations des anticipations d'inflation que forment les agents économiques. L'hypothèse d'anticipations de la courbe de rendement est retenue conjointement avec celle selon laquelle les taux d'intérêt réels futurs anticipés sont donnés par les taux réels du moment. Sous ces deux hypothèses, il est possible de comparer les taux de rendement nominaux de deux actifs à échéances différentes et d'attribuer l'écart entre ces taux aux divergences entre les taux d'inflation anticipés sur les deux horizons (en supposant que la prime payable à l'échéance est constante). Les résultats obtenus pour les États-Unis et le Canada au cours des dernières années laissent croire que les anticipations d'inflation des agents économiques sont en grande partie statiques.
Extending qubit coherence by adaptive quantum environment learning
Creators: name: Scerri, Eleanor
name: Gauger, Erik M.
name: Bonato, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decoherence, resulting from unwanted interaction between a qubit and its environment, poses a serious challenge towards the development of quantum technologies. Recently, researchers have started analysing how real-time Hamiltonian learning approaches, based on estimating the qubit state faster than the environmental fluctuations, can be used to counteract decoherence. In this work, we investigate how the back-action of the quantum measurements used in the learning process can be harnessed to extend qubit coherence. We propose an adaptive protocol that, by learning the qubit environment, narrows down the distribution of possible environment states. While the outcomes of quantum measurements are random, we show that real-time adaptation of measurement settings (based on previous outcomes) allows a deterministic decrease of the width of the bath distribution, and hence an increase of the qubit coherence. We numerically simulate the performance of the protocol for the electronic spin of a nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond subject to a dilute bath of $^{13}$C nuclear spin, finding a considerable improvement over the performance of non-adaptive strategies.
MOESM1 of “Whatever happens, happens” challenges of end-of-life communication from the perspective of older adults and family caregivers: a Qualitative study
Creators: name: Im, Jennifer
name: Mak, Susanna
name: Upshur, Ross
name: Steinberg, Leah
name: Kuluski, Kerry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Sample interview questions
Collapse/Flattening of Nucleonic Bags in Ultra-Strong Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Mandal, Soma
name: Chakrabarty, Somenath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown explicitly using MIT bag model that in presence of ultra-strong magnetic fields, a nucleon either flattens or collapses in the direction transverse to the external magnetic field in the classical or quantum mechanical picture respectively. Which gives rise to some kind of mechanical instability. Alternatively, it is argued that the bag model of confinement may not be applicable in this strange situation.
description: 8 pages, REVTEX, 3 figures .eps files (included)
Glutathione conjugation and protein modification resulting from metabolic activation of venlafaxine in vitro and in vivo
Creators: name: Li, Yilin
name: Wang, Yang
name: Zhang, Na
name: Zhou, Shenzhi
name: Peng, Ying
name: Zheng, Jiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Venlafaxine (VLF), an antidepressant agent, is widely used to combat major depressive disorders, particularly for the treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression. VLF has been shown to cause liver injury. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic activation of VLF and explore the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by VLF.One glutathione (GSH) conjugate and one cysteine conjugate were both detected in mouse and human liver microsomal incubations containing VLF and GSH or cysteine. The two conjugates were also detected in cultured mouse primary hepatocytes and bile of rats after exposure to VLF. The in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that VLF was metabolized to a quinone methide intermediate reactive to GSH and cysteine residues of hepatic protein. The observed protein covalent binding revealed dose-dependency. The metabolic activation of VLF was P450-dependent, and CYP3A4 was found as the predominant enzyme involved in the bioactivation process.These findings facilitate better understanding of the metabolic activation-hepatotoxicity relationship of VLF and provide chemists with information about new potential structural alerts during drug design process. Venlafaxine (VLF), an antidepressant agent, is widely used to combat major depressive disorders, particularly for the treatment of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant depression. VLF has been shown to cause liver injury. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic activation of VLF and explore the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by VLF. One glutathione (GSH) conjugate and one cysteine conjugate were both detected in mouse and human liver microsomal incubations containing VLF and GSH or cysteine. The two conjugates were also detected in cultured mouse primary hepatocytes and bile of rats after exposure to VLF. The in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that VLF was metabolized to a quinone methide intermediate reactive to GSH and cysteine residues of hepatic protein. The observed protein covalent binding revealed dose-dependency. The metabolic activation of VLF was P450-dependent, and CYP3A4 was found as the predominant enzyme involved in the bioactivation process. These findings facilitate better understanding of the metabolic activation-hepatotoxicity relationship of VLF and provide chemists with information about new potential structural alerts during drug design process.
Critical behavior of disordered systems with replica symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Prudnikov, P. V.
name: Prudnikov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A field-theoretic description of the critical behavior of weakly disordered systems with a $p$-component order parameter is given. For systems of an arbitrary dimension in the range from three to four, a renormalization group analysis of the effective replica Hamiltonian of the model with an interaction potential without replica symmetry is given in the two-loop approximation. For the case of the one-step replica symmetry breaking, fixed points of the renormalization group equations are found using the Pade-Borel summing technique. For every value $p$, the threshold dimensions of the system that separate the regions of different types of the critical behavior are found by analyzing those fixed points. Specific features of the critical behavior determined by the replica symmetry breaking are described. The results are compared with those obtained by the $ε$-expansion and the scope of the method applicability is determined.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures
Deep Learning in Medical Image Registration: A Review
Creators: name: Fu, Yabo
name: Lei, Yang
name: Wang, Tonghe
name: Curran, Walter J.
name: Liu, Tian
name: Yang, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a review of deep learning (DL) based medical image registration methods. We summarized the latest developments and applications of DL-based registration methods in the medical field. These methods were classified into seven categories according to their methods, functions and popularity. A detailed review of each category was presented, highlighting important contributions and identifying specific challenges. A short assessment was presented following the detailed review of each category to summarize its achievements and future potentials. We provided a comprehensive comparison among DL-based methods for lung and brain deformable registration using benchmark datasets. Lastly, we analyzed the statistics of all the cited works from various aspects, revealing the popularity and future trend of development in medical image registration using deep learning.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures, 9 tables