cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Advances in Natural Fracture Characterization in Heterogeneous and Anisotropic Reservoirs
Creators: name: Komaromi, Bram Alexander
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Natural fractures
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Natural fractures are the most common geologic structure in the Earth’s upper crust and have significant influence in a variety of geologic processes that affect many fields in geoscience and engineering related to hydrocarbon, geothermal, groundwater, and mineral resource exploration and production, carbon dioxide sequestration, waste disposal, and contaminant transport. This thesis addresses a number of problems involving natural fracture networks developed in anisotropic and heterogeneous unconventional reservoirs including: the controls on fracture stratigraphy, the relative timing and mode of natural fracturing, the variation in aperture along subsurface opening-mode fractures, and the scaling behavior of orientation dispersion. In order to address these challenges, a wide range of natural fracture datasets were collected and integrated from the subsurface and outcrop. Novel approaches to characterizing and quantifying fracture geometry are significant contributions of this thesis. Fracture characterization conducted in an organic-rich unconventional reservoir analog outcropping in the southern Alberta fold-and-thrust belt reveal that fracture stratigraphy is more strongly controlled by lithofacies characteristics than structural position, and that commonly applied scaling relationships are insufficient in describing fracture geometry. Detailed petrographic observation of the fracture-filling cements and fluid inclusion populations within the fractures reveal a complex geochemical and kinematic history among the different fracture sets. Textural evidence indicates differences in failure mode depending on lithofacies while fluid inclusion petrography and microthermometry indicate the fractures formed at depth and experienced a complex fluid migration history. Aperture measurements collected along opening-mode fractures exposed in a high-quality core of an unconventional reservoir correlate with lithology and show that previously established relationships between size and aperture are unreliable. Using a newly developed methodology, the scaling of orientation dispersion was quantified. High-resolution observations of fracture orientation, like those derived from well data, possess a large degree of variability that over-estimates the connectivity of fracture networks in reservoir-scale models. The research presented throughout this thesis serves to further the current understanding of natural fracture geometry in reservoirs characterized by heterogeneity and anisotropy. Furthermore, this thesis presents novel descriptions of natural fracture geometry and demonstrates newly developed approaches to quantifying the complexity of fracture geometry.
Do Summaries Help? A Task-Based Evaluation of Multi-Document Summarization
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Passonneau, Rebecca
name: Elson, David K.
name: Nenkova, Ani
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We describe a task-based evaluation to determine whether multi-document summaries measurably improve user performance when using online news browsing systems for directed research. We evaluated the multi-document summaries generated by Newsblaster, a robust news browsing system that clusters online news articles and summarizes multiple articles on each event. Four groups of subjects were asked to perform the same time-restricted fact-gathering tasks, reading news under different conditions: no summaries at all, single sentence summaries drawn from one of the articles, Newsblaster multi-document summaries, and human summaries. Our results show that, in comparison to source documents only, the quality of reports assembled using Newsblaster summaries was significantly better and user satisfaction was higher with both Newsblaster and human summaries.
Chiral and volume extrapolation of pion and kaon electromagnetic form factor within SU(3) ChPT
Creators: name: Ghorbani, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the pion and kaon electromagnetic form factors in finite volume for a generic momentum transfer in space-like region, using SU(3) chiral perturbation theory. To this end, we first find the hadronic matrix element in a new form which is suitable for our calculation in finite volume. We present our numerical findings for the chiral behavior and finite volume corrections and compare these for pion and kaon form factors. As a result, for the pion electromagnetic form factor we find the finite volume correction $ΔF^π_{em} = 0.0041$ at momentum transfer $q^2 = -0.1358$ and for the kaon form factor $ΔF^{K}_{em} = 0.0029$ at $q^2 = -0.1357$ with $m_π = 0.3128$ and $L = 2.6 fm$ as the linear size of the lattice.
description: pp 15
Die Bedeutung der Mikroalbuminurie und low-level Mikroalbuminurie in der Beurteilung des kardiovaskulären Risikos bei manifester koronarer Herzerkrankung
Creators: name: Jacob, Marrit
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Diese Studie untersucht die Rolle der Mikroalbuminurie (MAU) in der Beurteilung des Progressionsrisikos von koronarer Herzkrankheit (KHK) und ermittelt einen Grenzwert für das Albumin-Kreatinin-Verhältnis (ACR), der ein erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko anzeigt. ACR wurde bei 673 Patienten mit KHK während eines stationären Aufenthaltes erhoben. Die Nachbeobachtung erfolgte über 52 Wochen. Der kombinierte Endpunkt aus akutem Myokardinfarkt und kardiovaskulär bedingtem Tod trat in 59 Fällen ein. ACR war signifikant mit der Einjahres-Eventrate assoziiert (ROC-Analyse, AUC = 0.738, p < 0.001). Der optimale Grenzwert für ein erhöhtes Event-Risiko lag bei 10 mg/g. Low-level MAU (> 10 mg/g) war ein unabhängiger Prädiktor des Event-Risikos auch nach Einschluss klassischer Risikofaktoren (HR 2.59; p = 0.048). Die ACR bewies somit einen hohen Wert für die Prognose einer Krankheits-Progression bei bestehender KHK bereits bei Werten unterhalb des konventionell verwendeten Grenzwertes von 30 mg/g.
description: This study evaluates the role of microalbuminuria in predicting coronary heart disease (CHD) progression and determines a suitable cut-off value of albumincreatinine-ratio (ACR) indicating elevated progression risk of cardiovascular disease. ACR was investigated in 673 CHD patients during hospitalization. Patients were followed up for 52 weeks. The combined endpoint (acute myocardial infarction or death of cardiovascular cause) occurred in 59 cases during follow-up. ACR had a significant predictive value regarding one-year event rate (ROC-analysis, AUC = 0.738, p < 0.001). The optimal discriminator for an elevated one-year event risk was 10 mg/g. Low-level microalbuminuria (> 10 mg/g) was independently associated with one-year event risk also after inclusion of classical risk factors (HR 2.59; p = 0.048). ACR measurement thus has significant value in evaluating risk of disease progression in patients with CHD at lower values of ACR than the conventionally used reference of 30 mg/g.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of educational interventions on eye health for dietetic and pharmacy professions: a pre-post study
Creators: name: Tang, Diana
name: Dinh, Helen
name: Almansour, Hadi
name: Burlutsky, George
name: Bussing, Jocelyn
name: Eisenhauer, Bronwyn
name: Gopinath, Bamini
name: Flood, Victoria M
name: Saini, Bandana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Final HealthyCloud Strategic Agenda for the Health Research Innovation Cloud
Creators: name: Canham, Steve
name: Ohman, Christian
name: Demotes-Mainard, Jacques
name: Panagiotopoulou, Maria
name: Rujano, Maria Alexandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: health data, distributed computing, FAIR data,

description: This document is the Final Strategic Agenda to towards the construction of the Health Research and Innovation Cloud (HRIC).
The HRIC is intended to be one of the cornerstones of European Health Data Space, specifically on its incarnation devoted to secondary use of health data, building on top of existing initiatives such as the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) building blocks.
NOTE: this document has not been approved by the European Commision and reflects only the opinions of the HealthyCloud Consortium.
Automatic Text Summarization of Newswire: Lessons Learned from the Document Understanding Conference
Creators: name: Nenkova, Ani
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: Since 2001, the Document Understanding Conferences have been the forum for researchers in automatic text summarization to compare methods and results on common test sets. Over the years, several types of summarization tasks have been addressed--single document summarization, multi-document summarization, summarization focused by question, and headline generation. This paper is an overview of the achieved results in the different types of summarization tasks. We compare both the broader classes of baselines, systems and humans, as well as individual pairs of summarizers (both human and automatic). An analysis of variance model is fitted, with summarizer and input set as independent variables, and the coverage score as the dependent variable, and simulation-based multiple comparisons were performed. The results document the progress in the field as a whole, rather then focusing on a single system, and thus can serve as a future reference on the work done up to date, as well as a starting point in the formulation of future tasks. Results also indicate that most progress in the field has been achieved in generic multi-document summarization and that the most challenging task is that of producing a focused summary in answer to a question/topic.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment: Analysis of the bulge RR Lyrae population from the OGLE-III data
Creators: name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Nataf, D. M.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Kubiak, M.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the data on 16,836 RR Lyrae (RR Lyr) variables observed toward the Galactic bulge during the third phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE-III), which took place in 2001-2009. Using these standard candles, we show that the ratio of total to selective extinction toward the bulge is given by R_I=A_I/E(V-I)=1.080+/-0.007 and is independent of color. We demonstrate that the bulge RR Lyr stars form a metal-uniform population, slightly elongated in its inner part. The photometrically derived metallicity distribution is sharply peaked at [Fe/H]=-1.02+/-0.18, with a dispersion of 0.25 dex. In the inner regions (|l|<3, |b|<4) the RR Lyr tend to follow the barred distribution of the bulge red clump giants. The distance to the Milky Way center inferred from the bulge RR Lyr is R_0=8.54+/-0.42 kpc. We report a break in the mean density distribution at a distance of ~0.5 kpc from the center indicating its likely flattening. Using the OGLE-III data, we assess that (4-7)x10^4 type ab RR Lyr variables should be detected toward the bulge area of the on going near-IR VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey, where the uncertainty partially results from the unknown RR Lyr spatial density distribution within 0.2 kpc from the Galactic center.
description: final version, in print in ApJ
Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with a Z boson, jets, and missing transverse energy in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) in events with a Z boson, jets, and missing transverse energy (MET). This signature is motivated by BSM physics scenarios, including supersymmetry. The study is performed using a sample of proton-proton collision data collected at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.98 inverse femtobarns. The contributions from the dominant standard model backgrounds are estimated from data using two complementary strategies, the jet-Z balance technique and a method based on modeling MET with data control samples. In the absence of evidence for BSM physics, we set limits on the non-standard-model contributions to event yields in the signal regions and interpret the results in the context of simplified model spectra. Additional information is provided to facilitate tests of other BSM physics models.
description: Submitted to Physics Letters B
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of educational interventions on eye health for dietetic and pharmacy professions: a pre-post study
Creators: name: Tang, Diana
name: Dinh, Helen
name: Almansour, Hadi
name: Burlutsky, George
name: Bussing, Jocelyn
name: Eisenhauer, Bronwyn
name: Gopinath, Bamini
name: Flood, Victoria M
name: Saini, Bandana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Bestimmung posttranslationaler Modifikationen von Chemokinen zur Identifikation neuer therapeutischer Targets im Kontext entzündlicher Krankheiten
Creators: name: Grünberg, Mario Steffen
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Chemokine sind ein zentraler Faktor der Initiierung und Aufrechterhaltung von Inflammationen. Sie werden infolge inflammatorischer Stimuli von Immunzellen exprimiert und aktivieren diese. Posttranslationale Modifikationen von Chemokinen beeinflussen deren grundlegenden Eigenschaften, wie bspw. Stabilität und Rezeptoraffinität. In dieser Arbeit wurde mittels massenspektrometrischer und zellbiologischer Untersuchungen erstmals die Aktvierung des Chemokins CCL14 durch Kallikrein-verwandte Peptidase 5 und 8 nachgewiesen. Durch Kallikrein-katalysierte, selektive Abspaltung der N-terminal ersten acht Aminosäuren von CCL14, wurde die inaktive Proform des Chemokins in dessen biologisch aktive Variante konvertiert. Desweiteren konnte verifiziert werden, dass die Chemokine CCL25 und CXCL4 Substrate der humanen Glutaminylzyklase sind. Die Glutaminylzyklase bewirkte eine enzymatische Umwandlung des N-terminalen Glutmamins (CCL25) bzw. Glutaminsäure (CXCL4) zu Pyroglutamat.
description: Chemokines act as chemoattractants and activators of different leukocytes and are therefore involved in the development of numerous inflammatory disorders. Posttranslational modifications of chemokines have impact on their stability as well as binding affinity to their specific receptors. Via mass spectrometric analysis we, for the first time, proved that Kallikrein-related peptidases 5 and 8 selectively truncate the N-terminal 8-amino acid peptide ending with an arginine residue. The results obtained demonstrate that KLKs are capable of converting full-length CCL141-74 proform into its active form CCL149-74 exhibiting strong chemotactic activity on THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells. Furthermore, it was verified that the chemokines CCL25 and CXCL4 are substrates of the human Glutaminyl cyclase (hQC). The human Glutaminyl cyclase caused an enzymatic conversion of the N-terminal glutamine (CCL25) or glutamic acid (CXCL4) to pyroglutamate.
Fibre based modeling of wood dynamics and fracture
Creators: name: Sutherland, Sean Meiji
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: We present a model for the simulation of the dynamics and fracturing characteristics of wood, specifically its anisotropic behaviour. Existing work focuses on FEM or other uniform lattice representations, with anisotropy being modeled by data driven parameters. Our model instead utilizes an underlying structure that is inherently anisotropic. We utilize an existing description of thin discrete elastic rods to build a fibrous material, ultimately yielding the characteristic splintering behaviour of wood. Our model extends upon the existing work by defining coupling forces between these discrete rods, allowing the construction of cohesive bundles of fibres. Additionally, we describe the conditions under which fracture occurs in the material. The rod and coupling components in the model are handled separately, as in the dynamics, resulting in inherently anisotropic responses. We conclude with a brief validation, followed by a discussion of possible future work.
Segregation by membrane rigidity in flowing binary suspensions of elastic capsules
Creators: name: Kumar, Amit
name: Graham, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial segregation in the wall normal direction is investigated in suspensions containing a binary mixture of Neo-Hookean capsules subjected to pressure driven flow in a planar slit. The two components of the binary mixture have unequal membrane rigidities. The problem is studied numerically using an accelerated implementation of the boundary integral method. The effect of a variety of parameters was investigated, including the capillary number, rigidity ratio between the two species, volume fraction, confinement ratio, and the number fraction of the more floppy particle $X_f$ in the mixture. It was observed that in suspensions of pure species, the mean wall normal positions of the stiff and the floppy particles are comparable. In mixtures, however, the stiff particles were found to be increasingly displaced towards the walls with increasing $X_f$, while the floppy particles were found to increasingly accumulate near the centerline with decreasing $X_f$. The origins of this segregation is traced to the effect of the number fraction $X_f$ on the localization of the stiff and the floppy particles in the near wall region -- the probability of escape of a stiff particle from the near wall region to the interior is greatly reduced with increasing $X_f$, while the exact opposite trend is observed for a floppy particle with decreasing $X_f$. Simple model studies on heterogeneous pair collisions involving a stiff and a floppy particle mechanistically explain this observation. The key result in these studies is that the stiff particle experiences much larger cross-stream displacement in heterogeneous collisions than the floppy particle. A unified mechanism incorporating the wall-induced migration of deformable particles and the particle fluxes associated with heterogeneous and homogeneous pair collisions is presented.
description: 19 Pages, 16 Figures
Collaborative Action and Social Organization in Remote Rural Regions: Autonomous Irrigation Arrangements in the Pamirs of Tajikistan
Creators: name: Dörre, Andrei
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: collaborative action
subject: community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)
subject: irrigation agriculture
subject: water
subject: nexus medium
subject: high mountains
subject: Gorno-Badakhshan
subject: Central Asia
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: This paper proposes a bottom–up “nexus medium” perspective to examine and understand social organization and how socio-ecological challenges in remote rural regions are dealt with in communities that receive only limited external support. While “nexus mediums” constitute substances, matter, or objects that combine manifold vital meanings and can be seen as socially constructed and materialized arenas of social interaction, autonomous resource management is seen as a means of local social organization. Taking water as the nexus medium of choice allows us to generate locally informed insights about the role of this scarce resource for the everyday life and social organization of communities inhabiting arid rural areas. This reasoning will be exemplified by three local case studies conducted during empirical research in the Pamirs of Tajikistan utilizing a mix of qualitative methods. The findings reveal how many fundamental everyday-life-related aspects and activities of the studied communities are related to water, and how these communities are organized around common water use and management arrangements that are based on joint decision-making, shared benefits and responsibilities, and collaborative action. The “nexus medium” concept appears to be an appropriate approach for research that seeks to understand from a local perspective how communal living is organized and how socio-ecological challenges are addressed.
Additional file 3 of Evaluation of educational interventions on eye health for dietetic and pharmacy professions: a pre-post study
Creators: name: Tang, Diana
name: Dinh, Helen
name: Almansour, Hadi
name: Burlutsky, George
name: Bussing, Jocelyn
name: Eisenhauer, Bronwyn
name: Gopinath, Bamini
name: Flood, Victoria M
name: Saini, Bandana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
WISP1-AS1, a long noncoding RNA, upregulated in human renal cells exposed to the mycotoxin ochratoxin A and in human renal cancer cells
Creators: name: Polović, Mirjana
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Das weltweit verbreitete Mykotoxin Ochratoxin A (OTA) kontaminiert Lebensmittel und schädigt menschliche Nieren. Durch OTA-Behandlung humaner Nierenzellen in Kultur, wurde eine lange nicht-kodierende RNA (lncRNA) im WISP1 (CCN4) -Lokus gefunden, die WISP1-AS1 gennant wurde. OTA ist bislang der einzige bekannte Induktor der WISP1-AS1, deren Funktionen unbekannt waren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Eigenschaften und Funktionen der WISP1-AS1 in Bezug auf OTA-Toxizität und in Nierenkrebszellen untersucht. In humanen Nierenzellen (HEK293T) wurde die WISP1-AS1-Expression nur nach OTA-Behandlung hochreguliert. In Nierenkrebszellen (786-O) war die WISP1-AS1-Expression auch ohne OTABehandlung bereits enorm hoch, was auf eine mögliche Rolle der WISP1-AS1 in der Karzinogenese hinweist. Die WISP1-AS1-Transkription findet in Antisense in Bezug auf die WISP1-mRNA statt. Um zelluläre Merkmale in Gegenwart/Abwesenheit von WISP1-AS1 zu vergleichen und WISP1-AS1-abhängige Veränderungen zu beobachten, wurde die WISP1-AS1 Expression durch Antisense-Oligonukleotide (ASOs) verhindert. Der Einfluss von WISP1-AS1 auf das Transkriptom und die Aktivität einiger Traskriptionfaktoren wurde durch RNASequenzierung untersucht. Diese Arbeit legt auch eine mögliche Beteiligung von WISP1-AS1 am normalen zellulären Energiestoffwechsel sowie am apoptotischen Geschehen nahe.
description: The worldwide spread mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminates the foodstuff and causes damage of human kidneys. By OTA treatment of human renal cells in culture, WISP1-AS1, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the WISP1 (CCN4) locus was discovered. OTA is so far the only known inducer of WISP1-AS1 whose functions were undiscovered. This research investigated WISP1-AS1 characteristics and functions in OTA toxicity and renal cancer cells. In human renal cells (HEK293T), WISP1-AS1 expression was upregulated only after OTA treatment. In renal cancer cells (786-O), WISP1-AS1 expression was tremendously high even without OTA treatment, indicating WISP1-AS1 possible implication in carcinogenesis. This work discovered WISP1-AS1 transcription in antisense in relation to the WISP1 mRNA. To compare cellular features in the presence/absence of WISP1-AS1 and observe WISP1-AS1-dependent changes, WISP1-AS1 was knocked down by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). The influence of WISP1-AS1 on transcriptome and the activity of some TFs was evaluated by RNA sequencing. This work also suggests possible WISP1-AS1 involvement in normal cellular energy metabolism and antiapoptotic processes.
Quality-by-Design Is a Tool for Quality Assurance in the Assessment of Enantioseparation of a Model Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
Creators: name: Aboushady, Dina
name: Parr, Maria Kristina
name: Hanafi, Rasha S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: quality-by-design
subject: quality assurance
subject: design-of-experiments
subject: chiral separation
subject: chiral mobile phase modifier
subject: terbutaline
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: The design of experiments (DoE) is one of the quality-by-design tools valued in analytical method development, not only for cost reduction and time effectiveness, but also for enabling analytical method control and understanding via a systematic workflow, leading to analytical methods with built-in quality. This work aimed at using DoE to enhance method understanding for a developed UHPLC enantioseparation of terbutaline (TER), a model chiral drug, and to define quality assurance parameters associated with using chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA). Within a response surface methodology workflow, the effect of different factors on both chiral resolution and retention was screened and optimized using Plackett-Burman and central composite designs, respectively, followed by multivariate mathematical modeling. This study was able to delimit method robustness and elucidate enantiorecognition mechanisms involved in interactions of TER with the chiral modifiers. Among many CMPAs, successful TER enantioresolution was achieved using hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) added to the mobile phase as 5.4 mM HP-β-CD in 52.25 mM ammonium acetate. Yet, limited method robustness was observed upon switching between the different tested CMPA, concluding that quality can only be assured with specific minimal pre-run conditioning time with the CMPA, namely 16-column volume (60 min at 0.1 mL/min). For enantiorecognition understanding, computational molecular modeling revealed hydrogen bonding as the main binding interaction, in addition to dipole-dipole inside the CD cavity for the R enantiomer, while the S enantiomer was less interactive.
Impact of type ia supernova ejecta on binary companions in the single-degenerate scenario
Creators: name: Pan, Kuo-Chuan
name: Ricker, Paul
name: Taam, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae are thought to be caused by thermonuclear explosions of a carbon-oxygen white dwarf in close binary systems. In the single-degenerate scenario (SDS), the companion star is non-degenerate and can be significantly affected by the explosion. We explore this interaction by means of multi-dimensional adaptive mesh refinement simulations using the FLASH code. We consider several different companion types, including main-sequence-like stars (MS), red giants (RG), and helium stars (He). In addition, we include the symmetry-breaking effects of orbital motion, rotation of the non-degenerate star, and Roche-lobe overflow. A detailed study of a sub-grid model for Type Ia supernovae is also presented. We find that the dependence of the unbound stellar mass and kick velocity on the initial binary separation can be fitted by power-law relations. By using the tracer particles in FLASH, the process leading to the unbinding of matter is dominated by ablation, which has usually been neglected in past analytical studies. The level of Ni/Fe contamination of the companion that results from the passage of the supernova ejecta is found to be a $\sim 10^{-5} M_{\odot}$ for the MS star, $\sim 10^{-4} M_{\odot}$ for the He star, and $\sim 10^{-8} M_{\odot}$ for the RG. The spinning MS companion star loses about half of its initial angular momentum during the impact, causing the rotational velocity to drop to a quarter of the original rotational velocity, suggesting that the Tycho G star is a promising progenitor candidate in the SDS.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Functional Expression of All Human Sulfotransferases in Fission Yeast, Assay Development, and Structural Models for Isoforms SULT4A1 and SULT6B1
Creators: name: Sun, Yanan
name: Machalz, David
name: Wolber, Gerhard
name: Parr, Maria Kristina
name: Bureik, Matthias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: drug metabolism
subject: phase II
subject: proluciferin
subject: sulfation
subject: sulfotransferase
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) catalyze phase II (conjugation) reactions of drugs and endogenous compounds. A complete set of recombinant fission yeast strains each expressing one of the 14 human SULTs was generated, including SULT4A1 and SULT6B1. Sulfation of test substrates by whole-cell biotransformation was successfully demonstrated for all enzymes for which substrates were previously known. The results proved that the intracellular production of the cofactor 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) necessary for SULT activity in fission yeast is sufficiently high to support metabolite production. A modified variant of sulfotransferase assay was also developed that employs permeabilized fission yeast cells (enzyme bags). Using this approach, SULT4A1-dependent sulfation of 1-naphthol was observed. Additionally, a new and convenient SULT activity assay is presented. It is based on the sulfation of a proluciferin compound, which was catalyzed by SULT1E1, SULT2A1, SULT4A1, and SULT6B1. For the latter two enzymes this study represents the first demonstration of their enzymatic functionality. Furthermore, the first catalytically competent homology models for SULT4A1 and SULT6B1 in complex with PAPS are reported. Through mechanistic molecular modeling driven by substrate docking, we pinned down the increased activity levels of these two isoforms to optimized substrate binding.
Baryon Loading of AGN Jets Mediated by Neutrons
Creators: name: Toma, Kenji
name: Takahara, Fumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmas of geometrically thick, black hole (BH) accretion flows in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are generally collisionless for protons, and involve magnetic field turbulence. Under such conditions a fraction of protons can be accelerated stochastically and create relativistic neutrons via nuclear collisions. These neutrons can freely escape from the accretion flow and decay into protons in dilute polar region above the rotating BH to form relativistic jets. We calculate geometric efficiencies of the neutron energy and mass injections into the polar region, and show that this process can deposit luminosity as high as L_j ~ 2e-3 dot{M} c^2 and mass loading dot{M}_j ~ 6e-4 dot{M} for the case of the BH mass M ~ 1e8 M_sun, where dot{M} is mass accretion rate. The terminal Lorentz factors of the jets are Gamma ~ 3, and they may explain the AGN jets having low luminosities. For higher luminosity jets, which can be produced by additional energy inputs such as Poynting flux, the neutron decay still can be a dominant mass loading process, leading to e.g., Gamma ~ 50 for L_{j,tot} ~ 3e-2 dot{M}c^2.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Quantifying the effects of ground truth annotation quality on object detection and instance segmentation performance
Creators: name: Agnew, Cathaoir
name: EISING, CIARAN
name: Denny, Patrick
name: SCANLAN, TONY
name: VAN DE VEN, PEPIJN
name: Grua, Eoin
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering

description: Fully-supervised object detection and instance segmentation models have accomplished notable results on large-scale computer vision benchmark datasets. However, fully-supervised machine learning algorithms’ performances are immensely dependent on the quality of the training data. Preparing computer vision datasets for object detection and instance segmentation is a labor-intensive task requiring each instance in an image to be annotated. In practice, this often results in the quality of bounding box and polygon mask annotations being suboptimal. This paper quantifies empirically the ground truth annotation quality and COCO’s mean average precision (mAP) performance by introducing two separate noise measures, uniform and radial, into the ground truth bounding box and polygon mask annotations forthe COCO and Cityscapes datasets. Mask-RCNN models are trained on various levels of noise measures to investigate the performance of each level of noise. The results showed degradation of mAP as the level of both noise measures increased. For object detection and instance segmentation respectively, using the highest level of noise measure resulted in a mAP degradation of 0.185 & 0.208 for uniform noise with reductions of 0.118 & 0.064 for radial noise on the COCO dataset. As for the Cityscapes datasets, reductions of mAP performance of 0.147 & 0.142 for uniform noise and 0.101 & 0.033 for radial noise were recorded. Furthermore, a decrease in average precision is seen across all classes, with the exception of the class motorcycle. The reductions between classes vary, indicating the effects of annotation uncertainty are class-dependent.
Paid Family Leave: Strengthening Families and Our Future
Creators: name: Skinner, Curtis
name: Ochshorn, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Parental leave
Child development
Children--Health and hygiene
Families--Health and hygiene
Working mothers--Health and hygiene

description: Life for 21st-century children and families is defined by rapid economic, social, and technological change, with profound implications for human and workforce development. The demographics of the American workforce bear little resemblance to those of past decades. In most families today, all adults are in the workforce and two-thirds of dual-earner couples work a combined total of more than 80 hours a week. Many more families are also headed by a single working parent, usually the mother. More than 55 percent of women with children under 3 years old are in the workforce. Among those employed, the number of hours of work has also increased, most noticeably among women. Despite this, women commonly retain primary caregiver responsibilities -- for both young children and elderly relatives. Unlike elsewhere in the industrialized world, our federal and state family and work policies have failed to keep pace with these demographic changes. In 2012, the United States remains the only industrialized nation without a national paid family leave program that supports workers who need time off to attend to important family needs, such as caring for a new baby or a sick child. This policy vacuum has created a generation of families in which parental work obligations increasingly compete with children's needs for parental time and energy. The conflict between job and family demands is especially acute for low-income parents, who often work in jobs that provide few family-support benefits. This scenario is shockingly common in the United States, where 44 percent of children live in low-income families and more than one child in five lives in poverty. To date, much of the focus of research and advocacy in the states and nation has been on the benefits of paid family leave to business — including improved employee retention and job satisfaction -- and workers' rights, in particular, gender equity. A growing body of research, however, suggests that paid family leave also has beneficial effects on child and parental physical and emotional health. Yet, the child and maternal health outcomes of paid family leave are largely absent from the national policy debate. This policy brief looks at the effects of maternal employment and parental leave policies on child health, child cognitive and emotional development, maternal health, and the health of parental relationships. It highlights compelling new arguments that strengthen the case for paid family leave, and includes a set of research-based recommendations to advance policy for this important social benefit.
First CMB Constraints on Direction-Dependent Cosmological Birefringence from WMAP-7
Creators: name: Gluscevic, Vera
name: Hanson, Duncan
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Chern-Simons coupling of a new scalar field to electromagnetism may give rise to cosmological birefringence, a rotation of the linear polarization of electromagnetic waves as they propagate over cosmological distances. Prior work has sought this rotation, assuming the rotation angle to be uniform across the sky, by looking for the parity-violating TB and EB correlations a uniform rotation produces in the CMB temperature/polarization. However, if the scalar field that gives rise to cosmological birefringence has spatial fluctuations, then the rotation angle may vary across the sky. Here we search for direction-dependent cosmological birefringence in the WMAP-7 data. We report the first CMB constraint on the rotation-angle power spectrum for multipoles between L = 0 and L = 512. We also obtain a 68% confidence-level upper limit of 1 degree on the square root of the quadrupole of a scale-invariant rotation-angle power spectrum.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables; accepted to PRD
"Formula Feeding and Infant Health: A Comprehensive Approach to Maternal and Newborn Well-Being"
Creators: name: Manisha Ameta
name: Dr. Sneha Sahay Youtham
Publisher: name: BIJNR
Year: 2023

description: Abstract: Formula feeding plays a significant role in infant nutrition, offering an alternative to breastfeeding when necessary. While breastfeeding is widely recommended, various factors such as maternal health, lifestyle, and socioeconomic constraints make formula feeding a practical choice for many families. This review explores the composition, benefits, challenges, and impact of formula feeding on maternal and infant health. Additionally, it highlights the role of healthcare professionals in guiding parents through informed feeding choices. A holistic approach to formula feeding—integrating nutritional, psychological, and medical perspectives—ensures optimal infant growth and maternal well-being.
Acoustic/Prosodic and Lexical Correlates of Charismatic Speech
Creators: name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
name: Rosenberg, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: Charisma, the ability to command authority on the basis of personal qualities, is more difcult to dene than to identify. How do charismatic leaders such as Fidel Castro or Pope John Paul II attract and retain their followers? We present results of an analysis of subjective ratings of charisma from a corpus of American political speech. We identify the associations be- tween charisma ratings and ratings of other personal attributes. We also examine acoustic/prosodic and lexical features of this speech and correlate these with charisma ratings.
Dendritic cell-specific function of OTUB1 in inflammation and infection
Creators: name: Mulas, Floriana
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunologie
subject: 571.9646

description: Dendritic cells (DCs) are key sentinel and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system. They bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses, and play indispensable roles in the host defence against invading pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, but may also contribute to immunopathology. Activation of DCs upon sensing of pathogens by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is largely mediated by NF-κB signaling, which broadly depends on the appropriate ubiquitination of the respective signaling molecules. However, the involved ubiquitinating and deubiquitinating enzymes and their interaction are only incompletely understood. Here, we identified that the deubiquitinase OTU domain, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1 (OTUB1) is upregulated in vivo and in vitro in DCs upon murine Toxoplasma (T.) gondii infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Stimulation of DCs with the TLR11/12 ligand T. gondii profilin and the TLR4 ligand LPS induced an increased NF-κB activation in OTUB1-competent cells resulting in elevated IL-6, IL-12 and TNF production, which was also observed upon specific stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9. Mechanistically, OTUB1 promoted NF-κB activity in DCs by removing K48 ubiquitination and, therefore, by stabilizing the E2 conjugating enzyme UBC13 resulting in increased K63 ubiquitination of IRAK1 and TRAF6. Consequently, DC-specific deletion of OTUB1 impaired cytokine production, in particular IL-12, of DCs in the first two days of T. gondii infection resulting in diminished production of protective IFN-γ by NK cells, an impaired control of parasite replication and, finally, death from chronic Toxoplasma encephalitis, which all could be prevented by low-dose IL-12 treatment in the first three days of infection. In contrast, impaired activation and cytokine production of OTUB1-deficient DCs protected mice from LPS-induced immunopathology. Collectively, these experiments identified OTUB1 as a potent novel regulator of DCs during infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Additional file 4 of Evaluation of educational interventions on eye health for dietetic and pharmacy professions: a pre-post study
Creators: name: Tang, Diana
name: Dinh, Helen
name: Almansour, Hadi
name: Burlutsky, George
name: Bussing, Jocelyn
name: Eisenhauer, Bronwyn
name: Gopinath, Bamini
name: Flood, Victoria M
name: Saini, Bandana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4.
Automatically Learning Cognitive Status for Multi-Document Summarization of Newswire
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Nenkova, Ani
name: Siddharthan, Advaith
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: Machine summaries can be improved by using knowledge about the cognitive status of news article referents. In this paper, we present an approach to automatically acquiring distinctions in cognitive status using machine learning over the forms of referring expressions appearing in the input. We focus on modeling references to people, both because news often revolve around people and because existing natural language tools for named entity identification are reliable. We examine two specific distinctions---whether a person in the news can be assumed to be known to a target audience (hearer-old vs hearer-new) and whether a person is a major character in the news story. We report on machine learning experiments that show that these distinctions can be learned with high accuracy, and validate our approach using human subjects.
High spin band structures in doubly-odd $^{194}$Tl
Creators: name: Pai, H.
name: Mukherjee, G.
name: Bhattacharyya, S.
name: Gohil, M. R.
name: Bhattacharjee, T.
name: Bhattacharya, C.
name: Palit, R.
name: Saha, S.
name: Sethi, J.
name: Trivedi, T.
name: Thakur, Shital
name: Naidu, B. S.
name: Jadav, S. K.
name: Donthi, R.
name: Goswami, A.
name: Chanda, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-spin states in odd-odd $^{194}$Tl nucleus have been studied by populating them using the $^{185,187}$Re($^{13}$C, xn) reactions at 75 MeV of beam energy. $γ-γ$ coincidence measurement has been performed using the INGA array with a digital data acquisition system to record the time stamped data. Definite spin-parity assignment of the levels was made from the DCO ratio and the IPDCO ratio measurements. The level scheme of $^{194}$Tl has been extended up to 4.1 MeV in excitation energy including 19 new gamma ray transitions. The $πh_{9/2} \otimes νi_{13/2}$ band, in the neighboring odd-odd Tl isotopes show very similar properties in both experimental observables and calculated shapes. Two new band structures, with 6-quasiparticle configuration, have been observed for the first time in $^{194}$Tl. One of these bands has the characteristics of a magnetic rotational band. The cranked shell model calculations, using a deformed Woods-Saxon potential, have been performed to obtain the total Routhian surfaces in order to study the shapes of the bands and the band crossing in $^{194}$Tl. The semiclassical formalism has been used to describe the magnetic rotational band.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Applying the Pyramid Method in DUC 2005
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Passonneau, Rebecca
name: Nenkova, Ani
name: Sigelman, Sergey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: In DUC 2005, the pyramid method for content evaluation was used for the first time in a crosssite evaluation. We discuss the method used in creating pyramid models and performing peer annotation. Analysis of score averages for the peers indicates that the best systems score half as well as humans, and that systems can be grouped into better and worse performers. There were few significant differences among systems. High score correlations between sets from different annotators, and good interannotator agreement, indicate that participants can perform annotation reliably. We found that a modified pyramid score gave good results and would simplify peer annotation in the future.
Food System Transformation and Market Evolutions: An Analysis of the Rise of Large-Scale Grain Trading in Sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Sitko, Nicholas J.
name: Burke, William J.
name: T. S. Jayne
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Food System Transformation and Market Evolutions: An Analysis of the Rise of Large-Scale Grain Trading in Sub-Saharan Africa