cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Production experiment, subject 28
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 54-year-old female. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
title: Environmental Wellbeing through Guerilla Sensing
Creators: name: Banse, Marvin Banse
name: Schmalriede, Florian
name: Theel, Oliver
name: Winter, Andreas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Citizen Science
subject: Guerilla Sensing
subject: IoT
subject: Sensor Nodes
subject: EIS
subject: Sensor Network

description: All over the world, individuals, companies, and institutions are exploiting the environment to gain an advantage for themselves. The damage to the environment affects people’s health and environmental wellbeeing. By Guerilla Sensing, we provide a platform to detect, spotlight, and monitor environmental pollution, that allows citizen to trigger a closed control loop and react to this exploitation by providing data reflecting the current environmental situation. it consists of an adaptive network of low-cost sensor nodes connected to an extensible platform, enabling complex analyses and detailed notifications. Guerilla Sensing can be used by citizens without any deep knowledge in measurements or computer science. The paper introduces the approach and the components of this platform. Applied to environmental parameters such as radiation and particulate matter, Guerilla Sensing is exemplarily evaluated.
Weak and almost sure limits for the parabolic Anderson model with heavy tailed potentials
Creators: name: van der Hofstad, Remco
name: Mörters, Peter
name: Sidorova\tsup, Nadia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H25, 82C44 (Primary), 60F05, 60F15, 60G70 (Secondary)

description: We study the parabolic Anderson problem, that is, the heat equation $\partial_tu=Δu+ξu$ on $(0,\infty)\times{\mathbb{Z}}^d$ with independent identically distributed random potential $\{ξ(z):z\in{\mathbb{Z}}^d\}$ and localized initial condition $u(0,x)={\mathbf{1}}_0(x)$. Our interest is in the long-term behavior of the random total mass $U(t)=\sum_zu(t,z)$ of the unique nonnegative solution in the case that the distribution of $ξ(0)$ is heavy tailed. For this, we study two paradigm cases of distributions with infinite moment generating functions: the case of polynomial or Pareto tails, and the case of stretched exponential or Weibull tails. In both cases we find asymptotic expansions for the logarithm of the total mass up to the first random term, which we describe in terms of weak limit theorems. In the case of polynomial tails, already the leading term in the expansion is random. For stretched exponential tails, we observe random fluctuations in the almost sure asymptotics of the second term of the expansion, but in the weak sense the fourth term is the first random term of the expansion. The main tool in our proofs is extreme value theory.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP526 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
INVESTIGATING THE PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POTENTIAL ORGANIC LEAD SENSORS
Creators: name: Jr, Carlos Quinones
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340503
subject: Organic chemical synthesis
classificationCode: 340606
subject: Photochemistry

description: LeadGlow (LG) was reported in 2009 for its ability to both sensitively and selectively detect Pb2+ in aqueous solutions. Utilizing the synthetic approach of LG, it is possible to generate a class of novel fluorophores. A derivative of first-generation LG was synthesized and reported here for the first time, intuitively named LG2. Both compounds contain interesting photophysical properties that have not been extensively researched prior to this work. Because of this, photophysical properties of both LG and LG2 are unveiled here for the first time. These properties were investigated by determinations of quantum yield (QY), average fluorescence lifetime, and DFT calculations. LG was found to have a higher QY (0.057) than LG2 (0.011); however, LG2 displays an average fluorescence lifetime (3.186 ns) 5x greater than that of LG. Both LG and LG2 are synthesized via Hg2+-facilitated desulfurization of their respective thiocarbonyls, resulting in a turn-on fluorescence feature. The thiocarbonyl-containing fluorophores (SLG and SLG2) display quenched fluorescence compared to their oxo-derivatives (LG and LG2), this work attempts to investigate the mechanism(s) responsible. A whole class of LeadGlow compounds can be synthesized and could be potentially used as fluorescence-based sensors.
title: QA-Strategie oder Flickenteppich?
title: Herausforderungen an Teststrategien für moderne Softwaresysteme
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Somplatzki, Ralf
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Qualitätssicherung
subject: Softwaretest
subject: Teststrategie
subject: Testmanagement
subject: Vorgehensmodell
subject: Projektstruktur
subject: Agile Softwareentwicklung
subject: SCRUM

description: Moderne Software-Projektstrukturen stellen veränderte und neue Anforderungen an das Testvorgehen. Aufgaben aus den Bereichen Entwicklung und Softwaretest nähern sich symbiotisch an. Die klassischen Rollenbilder verschwimmen. Was ermöglicht agilen Teams, dem Spagat der Verantwortung für das funktionale Ergebnis, wie auch der erwarteten Qualität gerecht zu werden? Wie kann Qualität in hybriden Systemlandschaften gewährleistet werden? Der Beitrag sucht Antworten auf diese und weitere Fragen, mit denen sich heutige Software-Dienstleister auseinandersetzen. Es wird ein möglicher Ansatz aufgezeigt, um mit der Vielgestalt der Projekte, geprägt durch Umfang, Teamstrukturen und Kundenkulturen, umzugehen.
Reviving the interference: framework and proof-of-principle for the anomalous gluon self-interaction in the SMEFT
Creators: name: Degrande, Celine
name: Maltoni, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interferences are not positive-definite and therefore they can change sign over the phase space. If the contributions of the regions where the interference is positive and negative nearly cancel each other, interference effects are hard to measure. In this paper, we propose a method to quantify the ability of an observable to separate an interference positive and negative contributions and therefore to revive the interference effects in measurements. We apply this method to the anomalous gluon operator in the SMEFT for which the interference suppression is well-known. We show that we can get contraints on its coefficient, using the interference only, similar to those obtained by including the square of the new physics amplitude.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Development of a new patient-reported outcome measure for complex cryptoglandular fistulas (20-Item complex cryptoglandular fistula questionnaire™): a qualitative study
Creators: name: McCurdy, Jeffrey D.
name: Crooks, Patrick
name: Gwaltney, Chad
name: Krupnick, Robert
name: Cadogan, Kathy-Ann
name: Karki, Chitra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
On lower limits and equivalences for distribution tails of randomly stopped sums
Creators: name: Denisov, Denis
name: Foss, Sergey
name: Korshunov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a distribution $F^{*τ}$ of a random sum $S_τ=ξ_1+...+ξ_τ$ of i.i.d. random variables with a common distribution $F$ on the half-line $[0,\infty)$, we study the limits of the ratios of tails $\bar{F^{*τ}}(x)/\bar{F}(x)$ as $x\to\infty$ (here, $τ$ is a counting random variable which does not depend on $\{ξ_n\}_{n\ge1}$). We also consider applications of the results obtained to random walks, compound Poisson distributions, infinitely divisible laws, and subcritical branching processes.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/07-BEJ111 the Bernoulli (http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm)
Production experiment, subject 27
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 60-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
title: BUIS in der Lehre: Theorie und Praxis Hand in Hand
Creators: name: Rapp, Barbara
name: Solsbach, Andreas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Lehre
subject: BUIS
subject: Google Design Sprint
subject: Urban Farming
subject: Nachhaltige Mobilität

description: In diesem Paper berichten wir über die Veranstaltungen Betriebliche Umweltinformationssysteme I und II wie sie an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg angeboten werden. Ursprünglich stand die Vermittlung verschiedenster theoretischer Methoden, Modelle usw. im Vordergrund. Mit der Zeit hat sich der Fokus in Richtung Forschendem Lernen verschoben. So kann es gelingen, die vielfältigen und ohne Frage wichtigen t heoretischen Grundlagen aus dem Bereich BUIS direkt mit einer praktischen Anwendung zu verbinden.
Interferometric tunability of the absorption
Creators: name: Giovannetti, Vittorio
name: Lloyd, Seth
name: Maccone, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an interferometric setup that permits to tune the quantity of radiation absorbed by an object illuminated by a fixed light source. The method can be used to selectively irradiate portions of an object based on their transmissivities or to accurately estimate the transmissivities from rough absorption measurements.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Revised in response to the comments of the referees. Section added with new material
A Fourth-Generation High-Dimensional Neural Network Potential with Accurate Electrostatics Including Non-local Charge Transfer
Creators: name: Ko, Tsz Wai
name: Finkler, Jonas A.
name: Goedecker, Stefan
name: Behler, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning potentials have become an important tool for atomistic simulations in many fields, from chemistry via molecular biology to materials science. Most of the established methods, however, rely on local properties and are thus unable to take global changes in the electronic structure into account, which result from long-range charge transfer or different charge states. In this work we overcome this limitation by introducing a fourth-generation high-dimensional neural network potential that combines a charge equilibration scheme employing environment-dependent atomic electronegativities with accurate atomic energies. The method, which is able to correctly describe global charge distributions in arbitrary systems, yields much improved energies and substantially extends the applicability of modern machine learning potentials. This is demonstrated for a series of systems representing typical scenarios in chemistry and materials science that are incorrectly described by current methods, while the fourth-generation neural network potential is in excellent agreement with electronic structure calculations.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
title: Die intoMINT App als Einstieg in die Informatik
Creators: name: Bade, Korinna
name: Böhnke, Stephanie
name: Marschik, Grit
name: Scheidat, Tobias
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mädchen
subject: Mitmach-Angebote
subject: Bildungsapp
subject: außerschulische Angebote

description: So vielseitig Interessen und Charaktere von Schüler:innen sind, so facettenreich sind auch die Bereiche von MINT und ganz besonders auch die Informatik. Die große Vielfalt erschwert es Schüler:innen, den Überblick zu bewahren, ihr eigenes Potential zu erkennen und weiterzuentwickeln. Die intoMINT-App setzt genau dort an und richtet sich gezielt an Mädchen und junge Frauen. Mit ihr werden verschiedene MINT-Projekte und -Experimente an einer Stelle gebündelt. Schülerinnen können so aus einem Pool an vielfältigen MINT-Aktivitäten wählen, welche ihre Neugier und Interesse wecken, und so über einfache Schritt-für-Schritt-Anleitungen das Interesse an MINT-Themen finden. Die Themenvielfalt in der Informatik erstreckt sich beispielsweise von 3D-Modellierung und Dechiffrierungsverfahren bis hin zu umfangreichen Programmierprojekten mit einem Einplatinencomputer. So lassen sich schnell Erfolge erzielen und das Selbstbild stärken.
title: Die umweltgerechte Stadt – Entwicklung und Umsetzung einer GIS-gestützten, quartiersbezogenen Umweltbelastungsanalyse im Land Berlin
Creators: name: Klimeczek, H.-Josef
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Umweltgerechtigkeit
subject: Post-Corona-Stadt
subject: Umweltbelastungsmonitoring
subject: urbane Gesundheit
subject: Stadtentwicklung

description: Um einen Gesamtüberblick über die Umweltbelastungssituation im Land Berlin zu erhalten, hat die Senatsverwaltung für Stadtentwicklung und Umwelt in den Jahren 2010-2019 - bundesweit erstmalig - ein neues zweistufiges Umweltgerechtigkeitsmonitoring entwickelt und implementiert. Das neue Stadtbeobachtungssystem besteht aus einem umweltbezogenen „Kernindikatorensatz“, der durch zusätzliche gesundheitsorientierte, soziale und städtebauliche/stadt-planerische „Ergänzungsindikatoren“ fachlich-inhaltlich untersetzt wird. Die hieraus entwickelte kleinräumige Mehrfachbelastungskarte (Berliner Umweltgerechtigkeitskarte 2016/17) zeigt, dass der größte Teil der drei-, vier- und fünffach belasteten Quartiere im hochverdichteten „Erweiterten Innenstadtbereich“ liegt.
Additional file 1 of Burnout amongst chiropractic faculty, practitioners, and trainees: a scoping review
Creators: name: Partridge, Brittni L.
name: Scott, Zachary E.
name: Roecker, Christopher B.
name: Walters, Sheryl A.
name: Daniels, Clinton J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Additional File 1. Excluded citations.
Large deviations for the Boussinesq Equations under Random Influences
Creators: name: Duan, Jinqiao
name: Millet, Annie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15 (Primary), 60F10, 35R60 (Secondary), 76D05

description: A Boussinesq model for the Benard convection under random influences is considered as a system of stochastic partial differential equations. This is a coupled system of stochastic Navier-Stokes equations and the transport equation for temperature. Large deviations are proved, using a weak convergence approach based on a variational representation of functionals of infinite dimensional Brownian motion.
description: 30 pages
title: Umweltinformationssysteme für den Naturschutz
title: Potenziale, Risiken, Anwendungsfelder und Entwicklungsperspektiven
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Schneider, Christian
name: Mrogenda, Klemens
name: Dibbern, Bettina
name: Höfer, Rene
name: Davis, Marlen
name: Sommer, Heike
name: Bilo, Michael
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Naturschutzinformationssysteme
subject: FFH-Bericht
subject: Natura 2000
subject: FloraWeb
subject: CITES Online

description: Umweltinformationssysteme (UIS) bestehen aus den Komponenten Erhebung, Datenhaltung, Analyse und Bewertung sowie Kommunikation von natur- und umweltbezogenen Informationen. Dem Beitrag liegt ein breites Verständnis von UIS zugrunde, das sowohl den organisatorischen Überbau als auch die technische Infrastruktur einschließt. Das Bundesamt für Naturschutz (BfN) stellt UIS für zahlreiche Informationsprozesse zur Verfügung und fördert zugleich den Aufbau externer Systeme. Es betreibt nicht notwendigerweise alle Komponenten selber, sondern nimmt jeweils unterschiedliche Rollen ein. Diese Rollen betreffen Koordination, Betrieb, Beauftragung, Förderung oder Forschung und können je nach Zweck des Informationsprozesses variieren. Für Vollzugsaufgaben ist das BfN unmittelbar zuständig. Informationsprozesse, die auf einer Bund-Länder-Zusammenarbeit beruhen, wie zum Beispiel die nationale Berichterstattung über den Erhaltungszustand von Arten und Lebensräumen nach der europäischen Fauna-Flora-Habitat-Richtlinie (FFHRichtlinie), erfordern eine Aufteilung von Rollen für die verschiedenen Komponenten des UIS. Der Beitrag umreißt exemplarisch drei Fachprozesse am BfN und die zugehörigen Komponenten. Anhand der Beispiele werden Entwicklungsperspektiven und Herausforderungen skizziert.
A flexible subhalo abundance matching model for galaxy clustering in redshift space
Creators: name: Contreras, Sergio
name: Angulo, Raul
name: Zennaro, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an extension of subhalo abundance matching (SHAM) capable of accurately reproducing the real and redshift-space clustering of galaxies in a state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulation. Our method uses a low-resolution gravity-only simulation and it includes orphan and tidal disruption prescriptions for satellite galaxies, and a flexible amount of galaxy assembly bias. Furthermore, it includes recipes for star formation rate (SFR) based on the dark matter accretion rate. We test the accuracy of our model against catalogues of stellar-mass- and SFR-selected galaxies in the TNG300 hydrodynamic simulation. By fitting a small number of free parameters, our extended SHAM reproduces the projected correlation function and redshift-space multipoles for number densities $10^{-3} - 10^{-2}\, h^{3}{\rm Mpc}^{-3}$, at $z=1$ and $z=0$, and for scales $r \in [0.3 - 20] h^{-1}{\rm Mpc}$. Simultaneously, the SHAM results also retrieve the correct halo occupation distribution, the level of galaxy assembly bias, and higher-order statistics present in the TNG300 galaxy catalogues. As an application, we show that our model simultaneously fits the projected correlation function of the SDSS in 3 disjoint stellar mass bins, with an accuracy similar to that of TNG300 galaxies. This SHAM extension can be used to get accurate clustering prediction even when using low and moderate-resolution simulations.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
Public goods diffusion limits microbial mutualism
Creators: name: Rajita  Menon
name: Korolev, Kirill
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Complex microbial communities thrive by exchanging small diffusible molecules. The effect of metabolite diffusion on species interactions is, however, missing from many theoretical and experimental studies. Here we combine evolutionary game theory and nutrient diffusion to understand cross-feeding between two species. Contrary to expectation, we find fast diffusion of metabolites breaks down cooperation instead of facilitating the nutrient exchange. This breakdown occurs because nutrient diffusion reduces the selection for coexistence and promotes the spatial segregation of the species. Although low diffusion always benefits the community, natural selection can drive the evolution of both faster and slower nutrient diffusion depending on the details of species interactions.
title: Towards Augmenting Metadata Management by Machine Learning
Creators: name: Kern, Christopher Julian
name: Schäffer, Thomas
name: Stelzer, Dirk
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Master Data
subject: Metadata Management

description: Managing metadata is an important section of master data management. It is a complex, comprehensive and labor-intensive task. This paper explores whether and how metadata management can be augmented by machine learning. We deduce requirements for managing metadata from the literature and from expert interviews. We also identify features of machine learning algorithms. We assess 15 machine learning algorithms to determine their contribution to meeting the requirements and the extent to which they can support metadata management. Supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms as well as neural networks have the greatest potential to support metadata management effectively. Reinforcement learning, however, does not seem to be well suited to augment metadata management. Using Support Vector Machines and identification of metadata as an example, we show how machine learning algorithms can support metadata management.
Optical polarimetry of HH 135/HH 136
Creators: name: Rodrigues, C. V.
name: Hickel, G. R.
name: Cerqueira, A. H.
name: Targon, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical linear polarimetry in the line of sight to HH135/HH136. The polarimetry of the field stars reveals two populations: one corresponds to a foreground interstellar component; the other originates in the interstellar medium in the vicinity of the Herbig-Haro pair and, therefore, can be used to study the magnetic field in the star forming region. Its direction is aligned with the jet of HH135/HH136, which could be an indication that the interstellar magnetic field is important in the outflow collimation. The interstellar magnetic field magnitude was estimated to be of order 90 uG. According to recent numerical simulations, an interstellar magnetic field of such strength can be important in the definition of the outflow direction. There is also evidence that the associated dark cloud has an elongation parallel to the magnetic field. Our image polarimetry of the extended emission associated with HH135/HH136 shows a centro-symmetric pattern pointing to the knot E of HH136. Previous near infrared polarimetry traces a different illumination center, namely IRAS 11101-5829 - the probable exciting source of the system. This discrepancy can be explained if the YSO emission is completely blocked in optical wavelengths and the dominant optical source in the region is the knot E, whose nature is uncertain. A discussion of the spectral energy distributions of HH136-E and IRAS 11101-5829 is presented.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal, 27 pages, 10 figures
title: Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Digitalisierung von Abfallverbrennungskraftwerken
title: Ein Praxisbericht
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pehlken, Alexandra
name: Eschemann, Patrick
name: Garmatter, Henriette
name: Cyris, Fabian
name: Nieße, Astrid
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: KI
subject: Bilderkennung
subject: Kraftwerk
subject: Abfall
subject: Verbrennung

description: Die thermische Verwertung von Abfällen in Abfallverbrennungskraftwerke gestaltet sich als komplexe Aufgabe, da das vorrangige Ziel die Abfallbehandlung vor dem Ziel der Energiegewinnung steht. Insbesondere die Heterogenität des aus verschiedenen Abfällen bestehenden Brennstoffes stellt vielseitige Anforderungen an den Betrieb. Zur Optimierung der Betriebsführung von Dampferzeugern in Abfallverbrennungskraftwerken auf Basis der Maximierung des Durchsatzes, der Optimierung der Strom- und Wärmeproduktion sowie der Maximierung der Standzeit der Kraftwerkskomponenten unter Berücksichtigung der Emissionsgrenzwerte werden die im Kraftwerk erhobenen Messdaten eingesetzt sowie Bilddaten erhoben. Diese werden aufbereitet und vortrainierten neuronalen Netzen zugeführt, mit dem Ziel verschiedene Materialien zu klassifizieren, um Informationen über die Abfallzusammensetzung und dem Heizwert zu erhalten.
The horofunction boundary of the Hilbert geometry
Creators: name: Walsh, Cormac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the horofunction boundary of the Hilbert geometry defined on an arbitrary finite-dimensional bounded convex domain D. We determine its set of Busemann points, which are those points that are the limits of `almost-geodesics'. In addition, we show that any sequence of points converging to a point in the horofunction boundary also converges in the usual sense to a point in the Euclidean boundary of D. We prove that all horofunctions are Busemann points if and only if the set of extreme sets of the polar of D is closed in the Painleve-Kuratowski topology.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures; minor changes, examples added
title: A pragmatic approach to concept-based annotation of scientific names in biodiversity and environmental research data
Creators: name: Kohlbecker, Andreas
name: Güntsch, Anton
name: Kilian, Norbert
name: Kusber, Wolf-Henning
name: Luther, Katja
name: Müller, Andreas
name: von Raab-Straube, Eckhard
name: Berendsohn, Walter
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Annotation
subject: biodiversity
subject: environmental data
subject: identifier
subject: linked open data
subject: scientific name
subject: semantics
subject: taxonomy
subject: taxonomic concept

description: With the increasing amount of interdisciplinary and international networks dedicated to long-term persistence and interoperability of research data, the demand for semantic linking of environmental research data has grown. Data related to organisms frequently inherit a major obstacle. Organisms often are ambiguously identified by using only the scientific name, which is not a precise identifier for the taxonomic concept that is implicitly being used. Here we describe a robust taxon concept definition that allows deducing a set of rules for semi-automatically managing concepts. These rules define specific taxonomic operations as transition points at which new taxon concepts emerge from former concepts. Implemented into the business logic of taxon management systems, these rules can assure the stability of taxon concepts so that environmental data sets can be reliably annotated with the corresponding persistent identifier. Our approach limits the risk that referenced taxon concepts are modified unnoticed.
Public good diffusion limits microbial mutualism
Creators: name: Rajita  Menon
name: Korolev, Kirill
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Evolutionary game theory is the most commonly used framework to study microbial population dynamics. Game theory however was developed for higher organisms and cannot easily describe microbial cooperation, which involves the exchange of small, highly diffusible molecules. We formulated and solved a model that accurately represents the physics of diffusion in microbial colonies. In particular, we discovered a general approach that eliminates metabolite diffusion and recasts population dynamics in the traditional game theory framework, but with modified, diffusion-dependent, parameters. We applied this approach to the problem of heterotrophic cooperation or two-way cross-feeding, a common interaction motif in the microbial world that is the subject of several experimental studies. Naively one would assume that nutrient diffusion should facilitate mutualistic interactions in microbial colonies. Indeed, because microbes are not completely mixed inside a colony, different species tend to form small domains, and diffusion should facilitate the exchange of the nutrients between the two cross-feeding species. We, however, find that nutrient diffusion reduces the strength of mutualism and can lead to the spatial segregation of the species, which makes mutualism impossible. When mutualism does persist, species evolve to either increase or decrease the diffusion constants of the nutrients they produce depending on the details of the competition.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS). X. Observational effects of turbulence on the chemistry of molecular clouds
Creators: name: Beitia-Antero, L.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Navarro-Almaida, D.
name: de Castro, A. I. Gómez
name: Wakelam, V.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Gal, R. Le
name: Esplugues, G.
name: Rivière-Marichalar, P.
name: Spezzano, S.
name: Pineda, J. E.
name: Rodríguez-Baras, M.
name: Canet, A.
name: Martín-Doménech, R.
name: Roncero, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We explore the chemistry of the most abundant C, O, S, and N bearing species in molecular clouds, in the context of the IRAM 30 m Large Programme Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular Clouds (GEMS). In this work, we aim to assess the limitations introduced in the observational works when a uniform density is assumed along the line of sight for fitting the observations, developing a very simple numerical model of a turbulent box. We perform a MHD simulation in order to reproduce the turbulent steady-state of a turbulent box with properties typical of a molecular filament before collapse. We post-process the results of the MHD simulation with a chemical code to predict molecular abundances, and then post-process this cube with a radiative transfer code to create synthetic emission maps for a series of rotational transitions observed during the GEMS project. From the chemical point of view, we find that turbulence produces variations on the predicted abundances, but they are more or less critical depending on the chosen transition and the chemical age. When compared to real observations, the results from the turbulent simulation provides a better fit than when assuming a uniform gas distribution along the line of sight. In the view of our results, we conclude that taking into account turbulence when fitting observations might significantly improve the agreement with model predictions. This is especially important for sulfur bearing species that are very sensitive to the variations of density produced by turbulence at early times (0.1 Myr). The abundance of CO is also quite sensitive to turbulence when considering the evolution beyond a few 0.1 Myr.
description: Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Hyperfine measurement of $6\text{P}_{1/2}$ state in $^{87}\text{Rb}$ using double resonance on blue and IR transition
Creators: name: Nyakang'o, Elijah Ogaro
name: Shylla, Dangka
name: Natarajan, Vasant
name: Pandey, Kanhaiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the spectroscopy of 6P$_{1/2}$ state in $^{87}$Rb using double resonance technique at $780~\text{nm}$ and $421~\text{nm}$. The double resonance technique is implemented using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and optical pumping methods. Using these spectroscopy methods, we have measured the hyperfine splitting of 6P$_{1/2}$ state with precision of $
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
On permanental polynomials of certain random matrices
Creators: name: Fyodorov, Yan V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper addresses the calculation of correlation functions of permanental polynomials of matrices with random entries. By exploiting a convenient contour integral representation of the matrix permanent some explicit results are provided for several random matrix ensembles. When compared with the corresponding formulae for characteristic polynomials, our results show both striking similarities and interesting differences. Based on these findings, we conjecture the asymptotic forms of the density of permanental roots in the complex plane for Gaussian ensembles as well as for the Circular Unitary Ensemble of large matrix dimension.
description: published version, a few misprints are corrected. 34 pages, no figures
Robust Long Range Magnetic Correlation across Anti-phase Domain Boundaries in Sr$_2$CrReO$_6$
Creators: name: Yuan, Bo
name: Kim, Subin
name: Chun, Sae Hwan
name: Jin, Wentao
name: Nelson, C. S.
name: Hauser, Adam J.
name: Yang, F. Y.
name: Kim, Young-June
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anti-site disorder is one of the most important issues that arises in synthesis of double perovskite for spintronic applications. Although it is known that anti-site disorder leads to a proliferation of structural defects, known as the anti-phase boundaries that separate ordered anti-phase domains in the sample, little is known about the magnetic correlation across these anti-phase boundaries on a microscopic level. Motivated by this, we report resonant elastic X-ray scattering study of room temperature magnetic and structural correlation in a thin-film sample of Sr$_2$CrReO$_6$, which has one of the highest $\mathrm{T_C}$ among double perovskites. Structurally, we discovered existence of anti-phase nanodomains of $\sim$15~nm in the sample. Magnetically, the ordered moments are shown to lie perpendicular to the $c$ direction. Most remarkably, we found that the magnetic correlation length far exceeds the size of individual anti-phase nanodomains. Our results therefore provide conclusive proof for existence of robust magnetic correlation across the anti-phase boundaries in Sr$_2$CrReO$_6$.
description: 5 page, 4 figures; Supplemental Materials upon request
K-mers in phylogenetic inference
Creators: name: Chan, Cheong Xin
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The classical phylogenetic approach proceeds in two steps: multiple alignment of homologous sequences, followed by inference of a tree. The algorithms typically employed for these steps scale poorly with number of sequences. With the deluge of sequence data we are facing nowadays, high-quality phylogenetic is (or soon will be) computationally infeasible. An alternative to multiple sequence alignment is the so-called alignment-free methods. In these methods, short sub-sequences (i.e. k-mers) are used to compute a distance matrix, which can then be used for phylogenetic inference. We are exploring the scalability and robustness of these methods to key evolutionary processes at multiple gene- and genome-scales. Our results suggest that these approaches perform at greater computation speed (in orders of magnitude faster), and less sensitive to genetic rearrangement and insertions/deletions, than the conventional approach based on multiple sequence alignment. Here I present the basic principles of how k-mers are adopted in phylogenetic inference, and findings from our on-going investigation of scalable alignment-free phylogenetics using both simulated and empirical datasets.
Constraining velocity-dependent Lorentz/CPT-violations using Lunar Laser Ranging
Creators: name: Bourgoin, A.
name: Bouquillon, S.
name: Hees, A.
name: Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le
name: Bailey, Q. G.
name: Howard, J. J.
name: Angonin, M. -C.
name: Francou, G.
name: Chabé, J.
name: Courde, C.
name: Torre, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility for Lorentz/CPT-breaking, which is motivated by unification theories, can be systematically tested within the standard-model extension framework. In the pure gravity sector, the mass dimension 5 operators produce new Lorentz and CPT-breaking terms in the 2-body equations of motion that depend on the relative velocity of the bodies. In this Letter, we report new constraints on 15 independent SME coefficients for Lorentz/CPT-violations with mass dimension 5 using lunar laser ranging. We perform a global analysis of lunar ranging data within the SME framework using more than 26,000 normal points between 1969 and 2018. We also perform a jackknife analysis in order to provide realistic estimates of the systematic uncertainties. No deviation from Lorentz/CPT symmetries is reported. In addition, when fitting simultaneously for the 15 canonical SME coefficients for Lorentz/CPT-violations, we improve up to three orders of magnitude previous post-fit constraints from radio pulsars.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
title: Can smartphone generated cycling data contribute to the improvement of the bicycle infrastructure?
title: Potentials of a gamification app to support decision processes in a city
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Höper, Tobias Höper
name: Schering, Johannes
name: Marx Gómez, Jorge
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik, Bonn
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bicycle Application
subject: gamification
subject: bicycle data
subject: smart cycling

description: Smartphone generated data could make an important contribution to learn more about cycling behaviors to support the decision making process. As part of the Oldenburg Bicycle Challenge a huge amount of app based data was gathered in the German Oldenburg region. In combination with weather and counting data new knowledge on bicycle use can be generated. Parameters as distances and durations of the trips, hourly values, the distribution of the trips to recreational and utilitarian purposes, brakings and waiting times are analyzed and discussed as part of this work. GPS data of cyclists is not only gathered by smartphone apps but also by bike sensors that are attached to the bicycle as many projects has shown (e.g. ECOSense). As part of the conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches regarding acquisition of participants, effort for data collection, data quality, potentials for cycling data analysis etc. will be discussed.
Negotiating the nature of nature : a cultural models approach to meaning, motivation and cooperative resource management in the Yukon
Creators: name: Washbrook, Kevin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Yukon land claims settlements mandate that First Nations and the territorial government cooperatively manage renewable resources. As these groups are brought together in decision making, developing an understanding of culturally specific constructions of the non-human world and the ways in which these motivate managers will be necessary if conflict in management is to be avoided. This paper explores the usefulness of a cognitive approach for clarifying the ways in which shared cultural models for the environment motivate individuals to pursue different actions in resource management. In the Yukon, important, motivating models for First Nations and non-First Nations individuals appear to be, respectively, that Nature is a set of social relationships and Nature is a system akin to the economy. The influence of these models upon resource management is examined through the case study of an interaction over catch-and-release fishing regulations. Understanding the operation of these models in the north, where First Nations are situated as embedded communities in the larger non-Native society, requires a framework such as that provided by a distributive model of culture. This paper uses such a model to examine the production, dissemination and patterns of distribution of schemas for Nature in the north, and the ways in which local and scientific knowledge compliment and conflict in the negotiation of meaning. This examination points out that models for Nature are used not only to interpret the non-human world, but also to mark identity and to resist or promote incorporation into the larger society. Though it cannot provide complete explanations for behaviour or decision making, a cultural models approach to cross-cultural resource management is capable of providing insight into the motivations which underlie the actions of managers and resource users. More generally, the approach provides a framework within which to examine the distribution and contestation of meaning in society, and the ways in which these meanings motivate individuals. As a result, it allows anthropology to study society and culture without creating false dichotomies between individual and social meaning and without relying upon conceptualizations of culture as an overly coherent system.
Scaling of resistivities and guided vortex motion in MgB2 thin films
Creators: name: Vasek, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Longitudinal and transverse voltages have been measured on thin films of MgB2 with different superconducting transition widths. The study has been performed in zero and non-zero external magnetic fields. The non-zero transverse voltage has been observed in close vicinity of the critical temperature in zero external magnetic field, while further away from Tc this voltage becomes zero. In magnetic field it becomes a transverse voltage which is an even function with respect to the direction of the field. The usual Hall voltage starts to appear with increasing magnetic field and in large fields the even voltage disappears and only the Hall voltage is measurable (i.e. the transverse even voltage is suppressed with increasing magnetic field and increasing transport current). New scaling between transverse and longitudinal resistivities has been observed. This correlation is valid not only in the zero magnetic field but also in nonzero magnetic field where transverse even voltage is detected. Several models trying to explain observed results are discussed. The most promising one seems to be guided motion of the vortices, though further theoretical work will be required to confirm this.
Climate change, human displacement, international law and justice
Creators: name: Thornton, Fanny
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental refugees Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Climatic changes Social aspects
subject: Environmental law, International.
subject: Forced migration
subject: Climatic changes Law and legislation

description: The thesis investigates how a justice framework is relevant to analysis of the role of international law in relation to climate change-induced human displacement. In particular, through the application of a justice framework, questions of responsibility will be explored. It will be argued that such a lens alters conceptualisations of the role international law may play, or should play, in relation to the phenomenon. Specific justice theories selected are corrective and distributive justice, which will be explored in a substantial theoretical chapter forming the analytical backbone of the thesis. The theories then inform the more contextualised analysis about the role of international law in relation to climate change-induced displacement. Corrective justice permits analysis of whether climate change-induced displacement, or the livelihood impacts that precede it, could be conceived as (wrongful) damage or harm which is compensable under international law, either through fault-based regimes or no-fault regimes (i.e. insurance). Distributive justice permits analysis of whether climate change-induced displacement could potentially be framed as an undeserved and disproportionate burden which stipulates international action to rebalance it, through distributing either costs or burdens. The thesis hopes to contribute to the growing scholarship concerning international law and climate change-induced displacement by investigating the bounds of the law where the phenomenon is viewed as one of responsibility and of justice.
Practices in professional development : does professional development enhance teacher education?
Creators: name: Vroom, Dalila Mihic
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using ethnographic research methods, this study examined a group of elementary teachers' immediate and past perspectives on professional development based on their personal experiences. The study explored the teachers' conceptions of education and professional development. It analyzed the teachers' specific professional development needs and situations and attempted to provide some insights into what they believed is occurring in one British Columbia school district. The guiding research question was: Does professional development enhance teacher education? All of the teachers interviewed firmly believed that their professional development endeavors did enhance their education. The guiding research question was followed by interviews which centered upon four sets of thematic questions dealing with education and professional development. The results of these interviews provided the findings that: education was defined on a personal level, separate from the teachers' jobs, and professional development was defined as inservice or training. The teachers seemed to equate professional development with workshops / courses and thus, failed to realize the scope and options which were possible to them as various forms of professional development such as: networks, collaboratives, district / university partnerships, teacher as researcher and practical inquiry. Teachers seemed unaware of the latest professional development innovations which may signify that they may not be accessing educational journals or professional libraries. Overall, it was evident that the teachers interviewed needed and wanted to engage in collective experiences that would reflect in their practice and would not be limited to curricular inservice. This study provides insights about teachers' professional development and in turn their conceptions of education. Building on the study, researchers might explore a number of research questions, including: Are there any criteria as to what counts as "good" professional development? How can dialogues be established between the researchers and the teachers? What needs to occur in order for a change to happen whereby the teachers' visions become a reality so that they will be able to reflect on varied viewpoints which may in turn change, enhance or validate their classroom practice?
Fermions as U(1) instantons
Creators: name: Stoilov, Michail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anomalous quantization of the Electromagnetic field allows non-trivial (anti) self-dual configurations to exist in four-dimensional Euclidian space-time. These instanton-like objects are described as massless spinor particles.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX, extended version, references added