cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Note on 125 GeV Spin-2 particle
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Huang, Da
name: Tang, Yong
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new boson around 125 GeV without specific spin has been observed by both ATLAS and CMS at the LHC. Since its decay into a diphoton excludes the spin-1 case by the Landau-Yang theorem,it leaves 0 or 2 as the possible lowest spin for the new boson. Instead of the well-established spin-0 Higgs-like boson, we take this new boson to be a spin-2 massive Graviton-like particle denoted as $G$, which exists copiously in extra-dimension theories, and concentrate on its phenomenology. In particular, we calculate the three-body decays of $G\rightarrow V f\bar{f}'$ with $V$ and $f^{(\prime)}$ the gauge boson and fermions in the standard model (SM) and compare our results with those of the SM Higgs boson. The couplings between $G$ and $V$s are also estimated by fitting the data. A new observable that can distinguish $G$ from the Higgs is proposed.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, some detail derivations and references added, new version accepted by PLB
Aluminum oxide n Si field effect inversion layer solar cells with organic top contact
Creators: name: Erickson, A. S.
name: Kedem, N. K.
name: Haj-Yahia, A. E.
name: Cahen, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a novel type of solar cell, one that uses fixed negative charges, formed at the interface of n-Si with Al2O3, to generate strong inversion at the Si surface by electrostatic repulsion. Built-in voltages of up to 755 mV are found at this interface. To be able to harness this large built-in voltage, we demonstrate a new photovoltaic device concept, where the photocurrent, generated in this inversion layer, is extracted via an inversion layer induced by a high work function PEDOT:PSS top contact, deposited on top of a passivating and dipole-inducing molecular monolayer. Results of the effect of the molecular monolayer on device performance yield open-circuit voltages of up to 550 mV for moderately doped Si, demonstrating the effectiveness of this contact structure in removing the Fermi level pinning that has hindered past efforts in developing this type of solar cell with n-type Si.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Quantifying gender imbalance in East Asian academia: Research career and citation practice
Creators: name: Nakajima, Kazuki
name: Liu, Ruodan
name: Shudo, Kazuyuki
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gender imbalance in academia has been confirmed in terms of a variety of indicators, and its magnitude often varies from country to country. Europe and North America, which cover a large fraction of research workforce in the world, have been the main geographical regions for research on gender imbalance in academia. However, the academia in East Asia, which accounts for a substantial fraction of research, may be exposed to strong gender imbalance because Asia has been facing persistent and stronger gender imbalance in society at large than Europe and North America. Here we use publication data between 1950 and 2020 to analyze gender imbalance in academia in China, Japan, and South Korea in terms of the number of researchers, their career, and citation practice. We found that, compared to the average of the other countries, gender imbalance is larger in these three East Asian countries in terms of the number of researchers and their citation practice and additionally in Japan in terms of research career. Moreover, we found that Japan has been exposed to the larger gender imbalance than China and South Korea in terms of research career and citation practice.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, 10 tables
Genotype-dependent impact of dietary vitamin D3 on laying hens
Creators: name: Liermann, Wendy
name: Halle, Ingrid
name: Frahm, Jana
name: Hüther, Liane
name: Weigend, Steffen
name: Kühn, Julia
name: Stangl, Gabriele I.
name: Dänicke, Sven
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 39999
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Vitamin D3 has an integral part in calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis, which in turn plays a key role in egg production of hens. The present study aimed to investigate whether an additional vitamin D3 supplementation improves the laying performance and egg quality of hens according to their genetic potential. For this purpose, four layer lines (low performing: R11 and L68; high performing: WLA and BLA) supplemented either with 300 or 3000 IU vitamin D3 per kg feed were compared concerning serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3), calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), laying performance and egg quality. The higher supplementation of vitamin D3 increased 25-OHD3 serum concentrations in all genotypes, except for R11 and WLA hens in week 49, and also elevated vitamin D3 and 25-OHD3 content in the egg yolk (p < 0.05). In week 29, 3000 IU vitamin D3 decreased pooled least squares means (LSMeans) of serum calcium concentrations considering all genotypes and increased the ALP concentrations in BLA hens (p < 0.05). Considering the whole experimental period daily egg mass of R11 hens was increased by an additional vitamin D3 supplementation (p < 0.001). Regarding all genotypes and the whole experimental period the pooled LSMeans of breaking strength of eggs from hens fed 3000 IU vitamin D3 were higher than those of hens fed 300 IU (p = 0.044). In conclusion, present results give evidence that the higher vitamin D3 supplementation might have genotype-dependently beneficial effects on calcium and phosphorus homoeostasis of hens, which might improve feed efficiency in the early laying period and promote the persistence of the laying period irrespectively of genotype. The increase of serum 25-OHD3 by the higher vitamin D supplementation supported the higher transfer of vitamin D in the egg yolk and improved genotype-dependently the breaking strength of the eggshell.
SGR 0418+5729: a small inclination angle resulting in a not so low dipole magnetic field?
Creators: name: Tong, H.
name: Xu, R. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin down behaviors of SGR 0418+5729 are investigated. The pulsar spin down model of Contopoulos & Spitkovsky (2006) is applied to SGR 0418+5729. It is shown that SGR 0418+5729 lies below the pulsar death line and its rotation-powered magnetospheric activities may therefore have stopped. The compact star is now spun down by the magnetic dipole moment perpendicular to its rotation axis. Our calculations show that under these assumption there is the possibility of SGR 0418+5729 having a strong dipole magnetic field, if there is a small magnetic inclination angle. Its dipole magnetic field may be much higher than the characteristic magnetic field. Therefore, SGR 0418+5729 may be a normal magnetar instead of a low magnetic field magnetar.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Face Recognition and Privacy in the Age of Augmented Reality
Creators: name: Acquisti, Alessandro
name: Gross, Ralph
name: Stutzman, Fred
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80111 Virtual Reality and Related Simulation
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the feasibility of combining publicly available Web 2.0 data with off-the-shelf face recognition software for the purpose of large-scale, automated individual re-identification. Two experiments illustrate the ability of identifying strangers online (on a dating site where individuals protect their identities by using pseudonyms) and offline (in a public space), based on photos made publicly available on a social network site. A third proof-of-concept experiment illustrates the ability of inferring strangers' personal or sensitive information (their interests and Social Security numbers) from their faces, by combining face recognition, data mining algorithms, and statistical re-identification techniques. The results highlight the implications of the convergence of face recognition technology and increasing online self-disclosure, and the emergence of "personally predictable'' information, or PPI. They raise questions about the future of privacy in an "augmented'' reality world in which online and offline data will seamlessly blend.
Isolation of nitrogen bases from California petroleum distillates
Creators: name: Thompson, Willard Curtis
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1930
Subjects: subject: Petroleum
subject: Nitrogen compounds
subject: California
subject: Petroleum distillates
subject: Nitrogen bases
subject: Nitrogen content
subject: Petroleum composition
subject: Petroleum--Nitrogen content--California
subject: Petroleum--California--Composition
subject: Nitrogen compounds--California

description: An extensive program for fundamental research on petroleum was recently made possible by the contribution of the sum of $500,000 by John D. Rockfeller and the Universal Oil Products Company. The fund is administered by the American Petroleum Institute with the cooperation of the Central Petroleum Committee of the National Research Council. Project 20, entitled, Isolation and Investigation of the Nitrogen Compounds Present in Petroleum, was assigned to the Chemical Laboratory of the University of Texas with Dr. J. R. Bailey as Director. The investigation of the nitrogen compounds in petroleum was begun in 1926 and is now in its fourth year. The Union Oil Company of California has rendered indispensable assistance to the prosecution of the research on nitrogen compounds, not only in contributing samples of crude petroleum and various refinery products for the preliminary investigations, but also by the extraction of nitrogen bases from large quantities of petroleum distillates. Without this assistance it would have been impossible to obtain a sufficient supply of nitrogen bases for an extended investigation. Acknowledgement is made to Mr. R. E. Haylett, Technical Assistant of the Union Oil Company, who has displayed great interest in the problem and has given generous cooperation in the matter of obtaining the material for the investigation. This paper deals in general with the isolation and identification of nitrogen bases from California petroleum distillates and more particularly with the isolation and determination of structure of two bases, C₁₁H₁₂N and C₁₆H₂₅N
The cosmology of the Fab-Four
Creators: name: Copeland, Edmund J.
name: Padilla, Antonio
name: Saffin, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently proposed a novel self tuning mechanism to alleviate the famous cosmological constant problem, based on the general scalar tensor theory proposed by Horndeski. The self-tuning model ends up consisting of four geometric terms in the action, with each term containing a free potential function of the scalar field; the four together being labeled as the Fab-Four. In this paper we begin the important task of deriving the cosmology associated with the Fab-Four Lagrangian. Performing a phase plane analysis of the system we are able to obtain a number of fixed points for the system, with some remarkable new solutions emerging from the trade-off between the various potentials. As well as obtaining inflationary solutions we also find conventional radiation/matter-like solutions, but in regimes where the energy density is dominated by a cosmological constant, and where we do not have any explicit forms of radiation or matter. Stability conditions for matter solutions are obtained and we show how it is possible for there to exist an extended period of `matter domination' opening up the possibility that we can generate cosmological structures, and recover a consistent cosmology even in the presence of a large cosmological constant.
description: Stability analysis corrected. New matter dominated solution with stable cosmological perturbations added
Numerical Analyses on Moduli Space of Vacua
Creators: name: Hauenstein, Jonathan
name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Mehta, Dhagash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a new computational method to understand the vacuum moduli space of (supersymmetric) field theories. By combining numerical algebraic geometry (NAG) and elimination theory, we develop a powerful, efficient, and parallelizable algorithm to extract important information such as the dimension, branch structure, Hilbert series and subsequent operator counting, as well as variation according to coupling constants and mass parameters. We illustrate this method on a host of examples from gauge theory, string theory, and algebraic geometry.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures. Results for bigger systems included and references updated
title: Wie bestimmt die Distanz zum Untersuchungsgegenstand den Forschungsprozess?. Teil 6
Creators: name: Gammerl, Benno
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2023

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatements von Benno Gammerl bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Wintersemester 2022/23 im Online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
On the Limit Performance of Floating Gossip
Creators: name: Rizzo, Gianluca
name: Palma, Noelia Perez
name: Marsan, Marco Ajmone
name: Mancuso, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the limit performance of Floating Gossip, a new, fully distributed Gossip Learning scheme which relies on Floating Content to implement location-based probabilistic evolution of machine learning models in an infrastructure-less manner. We consider dynamic scenarios where continuous learning is necessary, and we adopt a mean field approach to investigate the limit performance of Floating Gossip in terms of amount of data that users can incorporate into their models, as a function of the main system parameters. Different from existing approaches in which either communication or computing aspects of Gossip Learning are analyzed and optimized, our approach accounts for the compound impact of both aspects. We validate our results through detailed simulations, proving good accuracy. Our model shows that Floating Gossip can be very effective in implementing continuous training and update of machine learning models in a cooperative manner, based on opportunistic exchanges among moving users.
Accuracy and range of validity of the Wigner surmise for mixed symmetry classes in random matrix theory
Creators: name: Nishigaki, Shinsuke M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schierenberg et al. [Phys. Rev. E 85, 061130 (2012)] recently applied the Wigner surmise, i.e., substitution of \infty \times \infty matrices by their 2 \times 2 counterparts for the computation of level spacing distributions, to random matrix ensembles in transition between two universality classes. I examine the accuracy and the range of validity of the surmise for the crossover between the Gaussian orthogonal and unitary ensembles by contrasting them with the large-N results that I evaluated using the Nystrom-type method for the Fredholm determinant. The surmised expression at the best-fitting parameter provides a good approximation for 0 \lesssim s \lesssim 2, i.e., the validity range of the original surmise.
description: 3 pages in REVTeX, 10 figures. (v2) Title changed, version to appear in Phys. Rev. E
title: Wie findet und formuliert man eine gute historische Frage?. Teil 5
Creators: name: Frevert, Ute
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatements von Ute Frevert bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Winter- und Sommersemester 2021/22 im Online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
The Poisson Realization of so(2, 2k+2) on Magnetic Leaves
Creators: name: Meng, Guowu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let ${\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*={\mathbb R}^{2k+1}\setminus\{\vec 0\}$ ($k\ge 1$) and $π$: ${\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*\to \mathrm{S}^{2k}$ be the map sending $\vec r\in {\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*$ to ${\vec r\over |\vec r|}\in \mathrm{S}^{2k}$. Denote by $P\to {\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*$ the pullback by $π$ of the canonical principal $\mathrm{SO}(2k)$-bundle $\mathrm{SO}(2k+1)\to \mathrm{S}^{2k} $. Let $E_\sharp\to {\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*$ be the associated co-adjoint bundle and $E^\sharp\to T^*{\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*$ be the pullback bundle under projection map $T^*{\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*\to {\mathbb R}^{2k+1}_*$. The canonical connection on $\mathrm{SO}(2k+1)\to \mathrm{S}^{2k} $ turns $E^\sharp$ into a Poisson manifold. The main result here is that the real Lie algebra $\mathfrak{so}(2, 2k+2)$ can be realized as a Lie subalgebra of the Poisson algebra $(C^\infty(\mathcal O^\sharp), \{, \})$, where $\mathcal O^\sharp$ is a symplectic leave of $E^\sharp$ of special kind. Consequently, in view of the earlier result of the author, an extension of the classical MICZ Kepler problems to dimension $2k+1$ is obtained. The hamiltonian, the angular momentum, the Lenz vector and the equation of motion for this extension are all explicitly worked out.
description: 14 pages
Continuous variable port-based teleportation
Creators: name: Pereira, Jason L.
name: Banchi, Leonardo
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Port-based teleportation is generalization of the standard teleportation protocol which does not require unitary operations by the receiver. This comes at the price of requiring $N>1$ entangled pairs, while $N=1$ for the standard teleportation protocol. The lack of correction unitaries allows port-based teleportation to be used as a fundamental theoretical tool to simulate arbitrary channels with a general resource, with applications to study fundamental limits of quantum communication, cryptography and sensing, and to define general programmable quantum computers. Here we introduce a general formulation of port-based teleportation in continuous variable systems and study in detail the $N=2$ case. In particular, we interpret the resulting channel as an energy truncation and analyse the kinds of channels that can be naturally simulated after this restriction.
description: 27 pages, 6 figures. Similar to published version. Supplemental material available in the source folder
Path space connections and categorical geometry
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Saikat
name: Lahiri, Amitabha
name: Sengupta, Ambar N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a type of connection forms, given by Chen integrals, over pathspaces by placing such forms within a category-theoretic framework of principal bundles and connections. We introduce a notion of 'decorated' principal bundles, develop parallel transport on such bundles, and explore specific examples in the context of pathspaces.
description: 50 pages. Updated and revised on 16th August 2012
Quasinormal frequencies using the hidden conformal symmetry of the Schwarzschild black hole
Creators: name: Kim, Yong-Wan
name: Myung, Yun Soo
name: Park, Young-Jai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the hidden conformal symmetry of the Schwarzschild black hole is realized from the AdS$_2$ sector of the AdS$_2\times S^2$, but not from the Rindler spacetime which is the genuine near-horizon geometry of the Schwarzschild black hole. This implies that purely imaginary quasinormal frequencies obtained using the hidden conformal symmetry is not suitable for describing the largely damped modes around the Schwarzschild black hole.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Knowledge sharing and reflective practice among ESP instructors of allied medical sciences
Creators: name: Farahian, Majid
name: Parhamnia, Farshad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Education

description: Knowledge sharing and reflective thinking are two key issues in any educational system. The present study examined the willingness of instructors of English for the students of allied medical sciences to share knowledge and think reflectively and investigated their reluctance to form knowledge sharing groups. To this aim, in the quantitative phase of the study, two questionnaires were completed by 148 instructors, while in the quantitative phase, 12 instructors participated in semi-structured interviews. Based on the results, the participants considered knowledge sharing effective and had a positive view about it. In addition, there was a significant relationship between knowledge sharing and reflective thinking, and knowledge sharing can be used to predict reflective thinking. The findings of the interview also indicated that three categories of factors play a role in the studied instructors' reluctance to share knowledge, which included individual, organizational and cultural barriers. Due to the importance of knowledge sharing, some suggestions were made to promote this practice among English for specific purposes (ESP) instructors.
Two-dimensional electron-gas-like charge transport at magnetic Heusler alloy-SrTiO$_3$ interface
Creators: name: Rout, P. K.
name: Pandey, Himanshu
name: Wu, Lijun
name: Anupam
name: Joshi, P. C.
name: Hossain, Z.
name: Zhu, Yimei
name: Budhani, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report remarkably low residual resistivity, giant residual resistivity ratio, free-electron-like Hall resistivity and high mobility ($\approx$ 10$^4$ cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$) charge transport in epitaxial films of Co$_2$MnSi and Co$_2$FeSi grown on (001) SrTiO$_3$. This unusual behavior is not observed in films deposited on other cubic oxide substrates of comparable lattice parameters. The scaling of the resistivity with thickness of the films allow extraction of interface conductance, which can be attributed to a layer of oxygen vacancies confined within 1.9 nm of the interface as revealed by atomically resolved electron microscopy and spectroscopy. The high mobility transport observed here at the interface of a fully spin polarized metal is potentially important for spintronics applications.
Bi-directional quantum teleportation of GHZ-like states
Creators: name: Tabatabaei, Leila S.
name: Vakili, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose a method through which $n$-qubit states can simultaneously be bi-directionally transmitted between two users. We assume that Alice and Bob, the legitimate users, each have a $n$-qubit GHZ-like state and want to teleport it to the other party. Also, a four-qubit cluster state plays the role of the quantum channel of this bi-directional quantum teleportation. The protocol is based on the method that at first, each user, through a series of $\mbox{CNOT}$ gates, converts the $n$-qubit state into a single qubit and some $0$ qubits. Then, by means of the Bell state measurement and proper operation, the single qubit state is transferred over the channel between the two sides. By re-applying the $\mbox{CNOT}$ gates on the transmitted qubits and auxiliary $0$ states, each user reconstructs the initial GHZ-like state. Finally, we investige the effects of some kind of noises on the density marix of the channel due to its interaction with the environment and present a method to protect the channel against the bit-flip error.
description: 13 pages, no figures, 2 tables, to appear in IJQI
Stability analysis for the background equations for inflation with dissipation and in a viscous radiation bath
Creators: name: Bastero-Gil, Mar
name: Berera, Arjun
name: Cerezo, Rafael
name: Ramos, Rudnei O.
name: Vicente, Gustavo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of bulk viscosity are examined for inflationary dynamics in which dissipation and thermalization are present. A complete stability analysis is done for the background inflaton evolution equations, which includes both inflaton dissipation and radiation bulk viscous effects. Three representative approaches of bulk viscous irreversible thermodynamics are analyzed: the Eckart noncausal theory, the linear and causal theory of Israel-Stewart and a more recent nonlinear and causal bulk viscous theory. It is found that the causal theories allow for larger bulk viscosities before encountering an instability in comparison to the noncausal Eckart theory. It is also shown that the causal theories tend to suppress the radiation production due to bulk viscous pressure, because of the presence of relaxation effects implicit in these theories. Bulk viscosity coefficients derived from quantum field theory are applied to warm inflation model building and an analysis is made of the effects to the duration of inflation. The treatment of bulk pressure would also be relevant to the reheating phase after inflation in cold inflation dynamics and during the radiation dominated regime, although very little work in both areas has been done, the methodology developed in this paper could be extended to apply to these other problems.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, Published version JCAP
Strategies to recover liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in obese mice
Creators: name: Campia Novo Jacob Neves, Alice Margarida
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Obesity
subject: Kupffer Cells
subject: Macrophages
subject: Metaflammation
subject: ddc:500

description: Liver regeneration is vital for recovering liver function after surgical resection or transplantation. Using a mouse model for HpX, we were capable of identifying the role of different subsets of hepatic macrophages during liver regeneration. Specifically, we identified that KC, and not moM, are the key necessary cell type in the production of cytokines and growth factors to promote liver regeneration. KC depletion with clodronate liposomes led to decreased liver regeneration and increased mortality in mice after operation. CCR2-/- mice, where monocytes are not capable of migrating into tissue, and have no moM, showed minimal impairment in liver regeneration, compared to WT.
 Obesity causes severe difficulties to liver regeneration after HpX in patients and animals. HFD-induced obesity led to a disruption in KC function and numbers, replacing them with pro-inflammatory moM. Using the Microfetti mouse model we found that KC from obese mice have impaired clonal expansion after HpX. Transcriptomic and metabolic analyses revealed that KC from obese mice exhibit diminished cytokine and growth factor production as well as impaired reactive oxygen species generation.
 Obesity leads to gut dysbiosis and microbial translocation. These led to increased levels of pathogenic bacteria in the liver, as identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Type I interferons emerged as a key negative regulator of liver regeneration in our transcriptomic data set. IFNAR1 mediated sensing of IFN I caused an impaired proliferation capacity in KC and led to increased recruitment of moM. Targeting IFNAR1 with a blocking antibody was sufficient to rescue liver regeneration in obese mice after HpX. IFNAR blockade did not fully restore KC numbers. Bulk RNA sequencing of KC after IFNAR blockade showed an increase in production of the growth factor HB-EGF as well as increasing OXPHOS. IFNAR blockade also contributed to reduce amounts of IL-6 production by KC and its concentration in the plasma of mice.
 In conclusion, this study highlights the crucial role of KC in liver regeneration, the detrimental effects of obesity on KC function, and the potential of the IFNAR signaling pathway as a therapeutic target to improve liver regeneration in obese patients.
What and When Do Students Learn? Methods For Knowledge Tracing With Data-Driven Mapping of Items to Skills
Creators: name: González-Brenes, José
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 80199 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent interest in online education, such as Massively Open Online Courses and intelligent tutoring systems, promises large amounts of data from students solving items at different levels of proficiency over time. Existing approaches for inferring students’ knowledge from data require a cognitive model – a mapping between the tutor problems and the set of skills they require. This is a very expensive requirement, since it depends on expert domain knowledge. The success of previous methods in using student performance data to construct this mapping automatically has been limited in that they cannot handle data collected over time, or that they require expensive expert domain knowledge. This dissertation studies how to model students’ time varying knowledge, without requiring expert domain knowledge. We introduce four novel methods: Dynamic Cognitive Tracing: an easily implemented prototype that jointly estimates cognitive and student models. Automatic Knowledge Tracing: a method to discover first a mapping of items to skills and then a student model separately. Topical Hidden Markov Model: a fully Bayesian method to discover both cognitive and student models jointly. ItemClue: a method to bias the estimation of Topical Hidden Markov Model to discover more interpretable cognitive models by grouping similar items together. We evaluate our methods on synthetic data and real student data collected from students interacting with two commercial tutoring systems. Our automatic methods require much less human work and can achieve significantly higher accuracy at predicting future student performance than the models handcrafted by experts.
title: Wie politisch kann, soll und muss Geschichtsschreibung sein?. Teil 3
Creators: name: Daniel, Ute
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatement von Ute Daniel bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Winter- und Sommersemester 2021/22 im online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
The hidden sector variations in the ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric three-family Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes
Creators: name: Mansha, Adeel
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Wu, Lina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that three-family supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from intersecting D6-branes, where either one or both of the ${\rm U}(2)$ gauge factors are replaced by a ${\rm USp}(2)$ group, are quite scarce. In order to construct all such kind of models with generic additional gauge symmetries, we fix the observable sectors and study all the possible hidden sectors. Thus, we are able to completely determine all types of such kind of the inequivalent models on a $\mathbb{T}^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2\times \mathbb{Z}_2)$ orientifold from IIA string theory. We find the gauge coupling relations to be highly sensitive to the variations in the hidden sector. One of the models exhibits the gauge coupling unification for a particular solution at the string scale. In addition, we perform scan on the hidden sector variations for the models presented in arXiv:2112.09632, whose gauge coupling relations are still preserved. Thus, we fix the gap in the previous study and complete the model building for all the inequivalent models.
description: 25+4 pages, 6 figures and 15 tables; added machine learning details; published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2212.09644
title: Eine Geschichte im Singular ?. Teil 4
Creators: name: Conrad, Sebastian
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatements von Sebastian Conrad bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Winter- und Sommersemester 2021/22 im Online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
Flow of entropy in the evolution of the B^0 anti B^0 system: Upper bound on CP violation from unidirectionality
Creators: name: Berger, Ch.
name: Sehgal, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have previously studied the time-dependence of a B anti B meson mixture in terms of its density matrix. The requirement that the absolute value of the Stokes vector zeta(t) should evolve monotonically from its initial value zeta(0)=0 to its final value zeta(infinity)=1 was shown to lead to an upper bound on the CP violating overlap . In the present note we consider an entropy variable S as an alternative measure of mixing. We show that exactly the same upper bound emerges from the requirement that the flow of entropy is unidirectional (dS/dt<0). We compare the entropic current dS/dt with and without CP violation and identify certain physical features that appear when the bound on is violated.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Typos corrected, comment on entropy added. To be published in Physical Review D
title: Wie politisch kann, soll und muss Geschichtsschreibung sein?. Teil 3
Creators: name: Brauner, Christina
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatement von Christina Brauner bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Winter- und Sommersemester 2021/22 im online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
Adaptive quantum error mitigation using pulse-based inverse evolutions
Creators: name: Henao, Ivan
name: Santos, Jader P.
name: Uzdin, Raam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) enables the extraction of high-quality results from the presently-available noisy quantum computers. In this approach, the effect of the noise on observables of interest can be mitigated using multiple measurements without additional hardware overhead. Unfortunately, current QEM techniques are limited to weak noise or lack scalability. In this work, we introduce a QEM method termed `Adaptive KIK' that adapts to the noise level of the target device, and therefore, can handle moderate-to-strong noise. The implementation of the method is experimentally simple -- it does not involve any tomographic information or machine-learning stage, and the number of different quantum circuits to be implemented is independent of the size of the system. Furthermore, we have shown that it can be successfully integrated with randomized compiling for handling both incoherent as well as coherent noise. Our method handles spatially correlated and time-dependent noise which enables to run shots over the scale of days or more despite the fact that noise and calibrations change in time. Finally, we discuss and demonstrate why our results suggest that gate calibration protocols should be revised when using QEM. We demonstrate our findings in the IBM quantum computers and through numerical simulations.
description: Accepted to npj Quantum Information
title: Vetorecht der Quellen. Teil 2
Creators: name: Arni, Caroline
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2022

description: Dieser Text ist eine Verschriftlichung des Eingangsstatement von Caroline Arni bei der Diskussionsreihe "Geschichtliche Grundfragen". Die von Rüdiger Graf (ZZF), Matthias Pohlig (HUB) und Ulrike Schaper (FU Berlin) initiierte Veranstaltung fand im Wintersemester 2021/22 im online-Format statt. Zeitgeschichte|online veröffentlicht die Eingangsstatements der Veranstaltung in einem Dossier. Die Vorträge wurden bis auf wenige Ausnahmen von der Audioaufnahme transkribiert und überarbeitet, dabei wurde Wert darauf gelegt, die rein sprachliche Form der Statements beizubehalten.
Analysis of a multi-frequency electromagnetic imaging functional for thin, crack-like electromagnetic inclusions
Creators: name: Park, Won-Kwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a non-iterative multi-frequency subspace migration imaging algorithm was developed based on an asymptotic expansion formula for thin, curve-like electromagnetic inclusions and the structure of singular vectors in the Multi-Static Response (MSR) matrix. The present study examines the structure of subspace migration imaging functional and proposes an improved imaging functional weighted by the frequency. We identify the relationship between the imaging functional and Bessel functions of integer order of the first kind. Numerical examples for single and multiple inclusions show that the presented algorithm not only retains the advantages of the traditional imaging functional but also improves the imaging performance.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures
Oversampling for the Multiscale Finite Element Method
Creators: name: Henning, Patrick
name: Peterseim, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15, 65N12, 65N30

description: This paper reviews standard oversampling strategies as performed in the Multiscale Finite Element Method (MsFEM). Common to those approaches is that the oversampling is performed in the full space restricted to a patch but including coarse finite element functions. We suggest, by contrast, to perform local computations with the additional constraint that trial and test functions are linear independent from coarse finite element functions. This approach re-interprets the Variational Multiscale Method in the context of computational homogenization. This connection gives rise to a general fully discrete error analysis for the proposed multiscale method with constrained oversampling without any resonance effects. In particular, we are able to give the first rigorous proof of convergence for a MsFEM with oversampling.
Exact Non-Markovian Master Equation and Dispersive Probing of Non-Markovian Process
Creators: name: Yang, Li-Ping
name: Cai, C. Y.
name: Xu, D. Z.
name: Zhang, Wei-Min
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a bosonic (fermionic) open system in a bath with many bosons (fermions) modes, we derive the exact non-Markovian master equation in which the memory effect of the bath is reflected in the time dependent decay rates. In this approach, the reduced density operator is constructed from the formal solution of the corresponding Heisenberg equations. As an application of the exact master equation, we study the active probing of non-Markovianity of the quantum dissipation of a single boson mode of electromagnetic (EM) field in a cavity QED system. The non-Markovianity of the bath of the cavity is explicitly reflected by the atomic decoherence factor.
description: 13 pages and 8 figures
A performance portable implementation of the semi-Lagrangian algorithm in six dimensions
Creators: name: Schild, Nils
name: Raeth, Mario
name: Eibl, Sebastian
name: Hallatschek, Klaus
name: Kormann, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we describe our approach to develop a simulation software application for the fully kinetic Vlasov equation which will be used to explore physics beyond the gyrokinetic model. Simulating the fully kinetic Vlasov equation requires efficient utilization of compute and storage capabilities due to the high dimensionality of the problem. In addition, the implementation needs to be extensibility regarding the physical model and flexible regarding the hardware for production runs. We start on the algorithmic background to simulate the 6-D Vlasov equation using a semi-Lagrangian algorithm. The performance portable software stack, which enables production runs on pure CPU as well as AMD or Nvidia GPU accelerated nodes, is presented. The extensibility of our implementation is guaranteed through the described software architecture of the main kernel, which achieves a memory bandwidth of almost 500 GB/s on a V100 Nvidia GPU and around 100 GB/s on an Intel Xeon Gold CPU using a single code base. We provide performance data on multiple node level architectures discussing utilized and further available hardware capabilities. Finally, the network communication bottleneck of 6-D grid based algorithms is quantified. A verification of physics beyond gyrokinetic theory for the example of ion Bernstein waves concludes the work.
Fast dynamics for atoms in optical lattices
Creators: name: Lacki, Mateusz
name: Zakrzewski, Jakub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold atoms in optical lattices allow for accurate studies of many body dynamics. Rapid time-dependent modifications of optical lattice potentials may result in significant excitations in atomic systems. The dynamics in such a case is frequently quite incompletely described by standard applications of tight-binding models (such as e.g. Bose-Hubbard model or its extensions) that typically neglect the effect of the dynamics on the transformation between the real space and the tight-binding basis. We illustrate the importance of a proper quantum mechanical description using a multi-band extended Bose-Hubbard model with time-dependent Wannier functions. We apply it to situations, directly related to experiments.
description: 4pp+supplement, final version accepted in Phys. Rev. Lett
Novel multivariate methods to track frequency shifts of neural oscillations in EEG/MEG recordings
Creators: name: Vidaurre, C.
name: Gurunandan, Kshipra
name: Jamshidi Idaji, Mina
name: Nolte, Guido
name: Gómez, Marisol
name: Villringer, A.
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Nikulin, Vadim V.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: peak frequency
subject: instantaneous frequency
subject: spectral centroid
subject: local frequency
subject: multivariate methods
subject: multimodal methods
subject: multiple linear regression
subject: correlation optimization
subject: electroencephalography
subject: magnetoencephalography

description: Instantaneous and peak frequency changes in neural oscillations have been linked to many perceptual, motor, and cognitive processes. Yet, the majority of such studies have been performed in sensor space and only occasionally in source space. Furthermore, both terms have been used interchangeably in the literature, although they do not reflect the same aspect of neural oscillations. In this paper, we discuss the relation between instantaneous frequency, peak frequency, and local frequency, the latter also known as spectral centroid. Furthermore, we propose and validate three different methods to extract source signals from multichannel data whose (instantaneous, local, or peak) frequency estimate is maximally correlated to an experimental variable of interest. Results show that the local frequency might be a better estimate of frequency variability than instantaneous frequency under conditions with low signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, the source separation methods based on local and peak frequency estimates, called LFD and PFD respectively, provide more stable estimates than the decomposition based on instantaneous frequency. In particular, LFD and PFD are able to recover the sources of interest in simulations performed with a realistic head model, providing higher correlations with an experimental variable than multiple linear regression. Finally, we also tested all decomposition methods on real EEG data from a steady-state visual evoked potential paradigm and show that the recovered sources are located in areas similar to those previously reported in other studies, thus providing further validation of the proposed methods.