Pterostichus (Wraseiellus) diversus Fairmaire 1886
Creators: name: Shi, Hongliang
name: Sciaky, Riccardo
name: Liang, Hongbin
name: Zhou, Hongzhang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Pterostichus
Pterostichus diversus

description: Pterostichus (Wraseiellus) diversus (Fairmaire, 1886)
(Figures 9, 10, 24, 33, 34, 41, 42, 61, 74, 75, 76, 77, 87, 90, 102, 108, 109)
Fairmaire 1886: 311 (Original: Omaseus; a syntype deposited in ZRAS); Tschitschérine 1897: 297 (Feronia (Pterostichus )); Jedlička 1962: 234 (Pterostichus (Morphohaptoderus )); Sciaky 1994: 4 (Pterostichus (Neohaptoderus )); Bousquet 2003: 510 (Pterostichus (Neohaptoderus )); Lorenz 2005: 278 (Pterostichus (Neohaptoderus )).
Type locality. Yunnan. The detailed type locality of this species was neither indicated in the original literature nor in the labels of the examined syntype. It was indicated in the preface of original literature that species from Yunnan in this paper were collected by Largeteau and Chasle (Fairmaire, 1886: 303). However, there is no way to infer the exactly type locality of this species from their journey record.
There are two other Pterostichini species (Pterostichus simillimus, Pterostichus curtatus) from Yunnan described in the same paper together with Omaseus diversus Fairmaire. We have examined more complete type series of the other two, and confirmed that all these three species are distributed and abundant in Yulongshan Mountain according to our recent expedition results and examined materials from different collections. Moreover, except Pterostichus diverus, the other two species are rediscovered only from Yulongshan Mountain. So, according the above evidence, we suppose that the type locality of this species is probably not far from Yulongshan mountain (N27.17º, E100.26º) from Lijiang.
Type materials examined. Syntype of Omaseus diversus Fairmaire: 1 female (ZRAS), body length = 14.2 mm, pinned, " diversus / Ƥ yunnan " [handwritten by Fairmaire]; " yunnan. / Coll. Fairmaire. " [handwritten by Semenov]; " diversus Fairmaire. / Ƥ typ. (Omaseus) / L. Fairmaire det " [handwritten probably by Tschitschérine]; "Zoological Institute / Russian Academy / of Sciences / St. Petersburg" [yellow label] [Figs. 9, 24].
Notes on types. This species was described on an uncertain number of specimens, but both sexes were mentioned in the original description. Later, Tschitschérine (1897) redescribed this species on a male belonging to the type series. The collection of Fairmaire should be in MNHN, but we failed to find any specimen belonging to the type series of this species after a carefully searching among the collection of MNHN. The studied female by us was the only syntype found in the collection of ZRAS (Figs. 9, 24). This specimen could be exchanged from the collection of Fairmaire through Tschitschérine. But we don’t think it is appropriate to designate a lectotype before a male syntype were found out, which should exist according to Fairmaire (1886) and Tschitschérine (1897).
Non-type materials examined (total 30 specimens). 1 male (MNHN), "Yunnan, R.P.Delavay" [Fig. 17]. 1 male (MNHN), "Yunnan, Ta-pin-tze, R.P.Delavay" [Figs. 34, 42, 76]. 3 males, 2 females (NHMB), "Yunnan 3500–4000m, 27.10 N 100.13 E, YULONGSHAN mts., vít Kubáň leg. 16–19/6/1993.". 1 male, 2 females (NHMB), "Yunnan 3600–4300m, 27.02 N 100.11 E, YULONGSHAN mts., vít Kubáň leg. 22/6/1993 ". 2 males, 1 female (NHMB), "Yunnan 3600–4100m, 27.02 N 100.11 E, YULONGSHAN mts., vít Kubáň leg. 27/5/1993 " [Fig. 87, 109]. 1 male, 1 female (NHMB), "YUNNAN, YULONG Mts., 20–21 Jun 1993, 27.07 N 100.13 E, Bolm lgt., 3400m ". 1 female (NHMB), "YUNNAN, 27 May 1993, YULONG MTS. 4000m, 27.02 N 100.11 E, Bolm lgt.". 1 male (NHMB), "YUNNAN, 9.Jul 1995, YULONGSHAN 3300m, 27.07 N 100.14 E, BOLM lgt.". 1 female (CRS), " CHINA, YUNNAN, LIJIANG area, YULONGSHAN mts.-E slopes, 27º09'–12'/100º13'–16', 3000–3900m 18– 25.7.1990, coll.D.Král". 1 male (CRS), "YUNNAN 3000m, 27.05 N 100.15 E, YULONGSHAN mts., Ganhaizi pass, vít Kubáň leg. 4/7/92 ". 2 males, 1 female (CRS), " CHINA, Yunnan prov., 27º06 N 100º15 E, 3000–3500m, Yulongshan mts., GANHAIZI pass, vít Kubáň leg. 18–23.VII.1990 " [Fig. 10, 108]. 1 female (CRS), " CHINA, YUNNAN prov., HEISHUI- 35KM n Lijiang, 18.6.– 4.7.1993, 27,13N; 100,19E, lgt.S.Becvar". 1 male, 1 female (CSF), " CHINA, YUNNAN prov., HEISHUI-35KM n Lijiang, 18.6.– 4.7.1993, 27,13N; 100,19E, lgt.S.Becvar" [Fig. 75]. 1 male (CCCC), "Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongxueshan, Zhu Xiaoyu leg., 2009. VI.17, JC09DJ0757". 1 male (CCCC), "Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongxueshan, Zhu Xiaoyu leg., 2009. VI.17, JC09DJ0761". 1 male, 1 female (IZAS), "Yunnan, Lijiang, Yulongxueshan cons., 2980m, pine forest, by pitfall trap, 2000 VIII 1–3, Yu Xiaodong, Zhou Hongzhang leg." [Figs. 33, 41, 61, 74, 90, 102]. 1 female (SNUM), "Mt. Yulong, Lijiang, Yunnan Prov., 11–VII–2003, Li-zhen Li leg.".
Diagnosis. Most species of Pterostichus diversus species group are very difficult to distinguish from each other by external characters, except the subspecies Pterostichus stictopleurus cangshanensis n. ssp. which is different by its 5th tarsomere setose beneath. From other allied species of this species group, Pt. diversus can be easily distinguished by male genital characters: (1) apical lamella of median lobe of aedeagus long and capitate, apex slightly truncate (Figs. 41, 42); (2) right paramere long and wide, apex usually truncate, not narrowed (Figs. 74 B–77B). But it is easier to distinguish this species from others by their different localities except from Pt. stictopleurus stictopleurus, which is sympatric with Pt. diversus at Jizushan Mt. (Dali). Except for their difference on male genitalia, Pt. diversus is different from Pt. stictopleurus stictopleurus also in: (1) area between outer basal foveal groove and lateral margin of pronotum strongly convex, forming a distinct ridge (Fig. 102) (only slightly convex not forming a distinct ridge in Pt. stictopleurus stictopleurus (Fig. 104)); (2) lateral margins slightly sinuate just before hind angles, hind angles obtuse but slightly pointed (Fig. 102) (not sinuate before hind angles, hind angles not pointed in Pt. stictopleurus stictopleurus (Fig. 104)); (3) pronotum widest a little before middle (Figs. 9, 10) (widest in the middle in Pt. stictopleurus stictopleurus (Fig. 11)).
Description. Body length 12.4–14.9 mm; dorsal side black, shining in males; tibiae dark brown, tarsi brown; ventral side black or dark brown. Males with elytral microsculpture isodiametric. Head. Frons and vertex impunctate, sometimes few punctures present in frontal furrows; antennae reaching elytra basal eighth; 3rd antennomere usually glabrous except apical setae, but with few additional setae in some specimens; males with terminal labial palpomere similar to that of females, slightly expanded and truncate. Pronotum rounded, widest a little before middle, PW/PL = 1.31–1.42; lateral margins fully rounded near the middle, slightly sinuate just before hind angles; hind angles slightly pointed; one mid-lateral seta present at about anterior third of lateral margins; basal fovea moderately deep, faintly defined; inner groove of basal fovea subparallel to median line, slightly curved to the outside posteriorly, ended at a distance from the posterior margin of pronotum; outer groove of basal fovea about half length as the inner one, as deep as the inner one, reaching the basal margin of pronotum; ridge between outer groove and lateral margin distinct; area between inner and outer basal foveal grooves convex and slightly rugose; basal fovea area densely punctate, some sparser punctures usually present in the area between two basal foveae. Elytra with base slightly depressed between 3rd and 5th intervals; elytral shoulders slightly narrowed, humeral teeth small but distinct; intervals feebly convex; striae shallow, with very faint punctures; scutellar striae long, usually incomplete, located between 1st stria and elytral suture; umbilical pore series on 9th interval sparse in the middle, composed of 16–19 pores (6, 2–4, 7–9). Ventral side. Proepisterna and metaepisterna densely punctate; terminal sternum of males without special structure. Legs. 5th tarsomere usually without seta beneath, rarely one pair of very fine setae present. Male genitalia. Median lobe of male genitalia bent at a 90 degrees angle at about basal two-fifths; ventral margin almost straight in the middle, apical part not bent to the ventral side (Figs. 33 A, 34A); apical orifice large, slightly turned to the left side, apical lamella twisted to the left (Figs. 33 B, 34B); apical lamella laminar, about twice longer than its basal width, apex capitate and rounded, slightly bent to the left (Figs. 41, 42); apex of apical lamella gradually turned to the dorsal side (Fig. 61). Right paramere laminar, elongate and curved, right and left margin subparallel, not narrowed apically, apex truncate or slightly pointed (Figs. 74 B–77B). Female genitalia. Spermatheca (Fig. 87) with the seminal canal about ten times long as the receptaculum; spermathecal gland strongly expanded; the seminal canal inserted at the base of common oviduct, base of seminal canal sclerotized (as in Fig. 85). Stylomere 2 with two ensiform setae at the outer margin and three or four at inner margin (Fig. 90).
Distribution. Yulongxueshan, Lijiang (Yunnan); Ta-pin-tze, Dali (Yunnan). The locality "Ta-pin-tze" is only recorded by a male collected about a hundred years ago. Ta-pin-tze (= Dapingdi, N25.91º, E100.24º) is a small village on the ancient way to the peak of Jizushan Mt., Dali District. All the specimens collected in recent years were from Yulongxueshan (=Yulongshan, N27.12º, E100.20º), Lijiang District (Figs. 110, 111).
Variation. A large series of specimens of this species were studied in the present work, so singular individual variations in some characters were discovered: (1) additional setae on 3rd antennomere present in few individuals; (2) elytral 3rd interval may have one additional pore after the posterior pore or the position of pores may change; (3) in one specimen, 5th pro- and mesotarsomeres with a pair of very fine setae beneath; (4) apex of right paramere may vary in different individuals, being truncate or slightly pointed (Figs. 74 B–77B).
Remarks. It is curious that the male syntype studied by Tschitschérine has two pairs of fine setae on 5th tarsomeres: " le 5e de tous porte en dessous 2 cils très fins de chaque côté, à peu près au milieu. " (Tschitschérine, 1897). But, the female syntype and other specimens examined by us without such setae.
In the present paper, we recognized this species based on a female syntype and other examined specimens. We are confident that these materials from Yulongshan Mountain are identical with the syntype for their accordant external characters and our speculation on the type locality mentioned above.
description: Published as part of Shi, Hongliang, Sciaky, Riccardo, Liang, Hongbin & Zhou, Hongzhang, 2013, A new subgenus Wraseiellus of the genus Pterostichus Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini) and new species descriptions, pp. 101-135 in Zootaxa 3664 (2) on pages 113-115, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3664.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/220503