Oxychalepus anchora
Creators: name: Staines, C. L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Oxychalepus
Oxychalepus anchora

description: Oxychalepus anchora (Chapuis 1877)   
(Figure 2)  
 Odontota anchora Chapuis 1877: 18 [Syntypes: Colombia, La Bas (INSB)]. Uhmann 1965: 257 (types).   
 Chalepus anchora (Chapuis). Baly 1885: 79 (redescription); Donckier 1899: 585 (catalog); Blackwelder 1946: 726 (faunal list); Callan 1954: 945 (faunal list); Silva et al. 1985: 36 (museum list).   
 Chalepus ancora (Chapuis). Fiusa 1941: 24 (host plant); Guérin 1953: 101 (faunal list).   
 Chalepus (Xenochalepus) ancora (Chapuis). Weise 1911a: 48 (note), 1911b: 26 (catalog), 1911c: 39 (catalog); Bruch, 1915: 377 (faunal list), 1928: 203 (faunal list); Lima 1936: 327 (faunal list); Silva 1938: 62 (host plant); Blunck 1954: 365 (host plant).   
 Chalepus ancora (Chapuis). Guérin 1953: 101 (faunal list).   
 Xenochalepus ancora (Chapuis). Bondar 1929: 180 (biology), 1930a: 47 (biology), 1930b: 171 (biology); Uhmann 1930a: 33 (distribution), 1930b: 249 (distribution), 1930c: 163 (distribution); Carvalho & Carvalho 1939: 55 (faunal list); Silva 1939: 95 (host plant); Schlottfeldt 1944a: 62 (host plant), 1944b: 113 (host plants); Fiusa 1946: 337 (host plant).   
 Xenochalepus anchora (Chapuis). Maulik 1937: 137 (host plants); Lima 1955: 211 (faunal list).   
 Oxychalepus ancora (Chapuis). Uhmann 1938b: 438 (transfer, redescription); Papp 1953: 84 (catalog).   
 Oxychalepus anchora (Chapuis). Uhmann 1953: 169 (pupa), 1957a: 107 (catalog); Monrós & Viana 1947: 248 (Argentina species); Callan 1954: 945 (faunal list); Maes & Staines 1991: 38 (faunal list); Staines 1996 (1997): 42 (Nicaragua species); Maes 1998: 1020 (faunal list); Santiago-Blay 2004: 71 (host plants).   
 Description. Head, antennae, and scutellum black; pronotum yellow, with a medial black band attenuate anteriorly and two narrow black lateral bands; elytra orangish-yellow with black anchor-like marking along suture on basal ½, apical ¼ black; legs black, base of the femora yellow (there are forms with the femora entirely yellow and others with the femora entirely black); venter black, with yellow maculae. Head: with faint medial sulcus; slightly depressed between eyes; vertex alutaceous; frons punctate, not projecting. Antenna: antennomeres 1 and 2 subglobose; 3–4 cylindrical; 5–10 transverse; 11 pointed at apex; 1–4 slightly compressed laterally. Pronotum: trapezoidal, surface covered with sparse, irregularly distributed large punctures, with a shallow longitudinal medial sulcus; lateral margin sinuate, constricted behind head; anterior angle with small tooth; posterior angle rounded; basal impression present; pronotal length 0.9–1.3 mm (n=20); pronotal width 1.3–1.8 mm. Scutellum: subcordate; alutaceous. Elytron: subparallel; lateral margin dentate; apices strongly dentate, individually rounded; with 10 puncture rows; scutellar row absent; intervals 2, 4, and 8 costate for entire length, interval 6 costate at base and apex; elytral length 5.8–6.4 mm; elytral width 2.4–2.9 mm. Venter: pro-, meso-, metasterna, abdominal sterna 1 and 2 orange in center, black laterally; remainder of abdomen entirely black; abdominal sterna with row of punctures at apex. Leg: femur and tibia punctate. Length: 7.4–9.2 mm.   
 Pupa. (from Uhmann 1953). Color bright brown, darkens with age; length less than that of adult. Head: not tuberculate; vertex with fine setae, 1 near antennal base and 2 nd near anterior margin of pronotum; labrum broadly triangular. Antenna: antennomeres distinct until apex, thickened after antennomere 5. Pronotum: with 3 setae on anterior ½; middle ⅓ with fine setae; basal ⅓ with a pair of strong setae in posterior angles; lateral margin on left with 3 setae, on right with 2 setae. Elytron: with ten rows of distinct punctures; costae distinct; apical margin dentate, with minute punctures each with seta. Venter: abdominal sterna 2–7 with broken transverse ridge and transverse impression in middle; sterna 4–6 with transverse row of six large cone-like setae in middle, setae curved; sternum 7 with transverse row of 8 cone-like setae; sternum 8 with four slender cones, 2 in middle and one in each side angle; sternum 9 with 2 slender cones in each side angle. Leg: with two large setae before apex and short seta on outer margin; ring of 4 setae on apex.   
 Remarks. This species can be distinguished by the elytra without a scutellar row; by the vertex of the head having a faint medial sulcus; by antennomeres 1 and 2 being subglobose; and by the irregularly punctate disc of the pronotum.   
 Host plant. Canavalia ensiformis DC, C. spontanea (sic), Dioclea sp., Cymbosema sp., Phaseolus sp. (Fabaceae) (Bondar 1929); Solanum auriculatum Rojas (Solanaceae) (Maulik 1937); Calopogonium mucunoides (Silva 1938); Glycine max (Schlottfeldt 1944b); Mucuna mutisiana DC (Fabaceae) (Uhmann 1953).   
 Distribution. Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad (BWI), and Venezuela.   
 Specimens examined. ?: New Amsterdam (BPBM). Argentina. No further data (DEI). Belize. Cayo: El Cayo, 1959 (USNM). Bolivia. Cochabinba: Chapas Villa Gral Roman, i.1952 (USNM). La Paz: Coroica, Nuasinillo, 12.ii.1949 (USNM); Coroica nr. Yungas, 27.xii.1948 (USNM); Puerto Villa, 4300’, 26.v.1989 (FSCA); Sud Yungas, Ocobaya, Finca Colaya, 1.i.1949 (USNM). Santa Cruz: Buena Vista, iii.1954 (USNM); Potrerillos del Guenda res., elev. 1322 ft., 6–12.i.2005 (UGAC). Nor. Yungas: La Paz, Pankarani, 17.iv.2007 (BYUC). Brazil. No further data (DEI).?: Chapada (USNM). Bahia: no further data (BPBM). Distrito Federal: 8 km W Planaltina, 7.x.1993 (BPBM). Mato Grosso: 8 km W Chapada dos Guimarãesi, 27.x.1993 (BPBM); Pq. Mae Bonifica, Cuiba, 1.i.2004 (BYUC). Rondonia: 62 km SW Ariquemes, nr. Fzda. Rancho Grande, 30.iii–10.iv.1992 (FSCA), 6–15.xii.1990 (EGRC); Rancho Grande, 15.x.1993 (BPBM). São Paulo: Jabaquara, 4.ii.1934 (USNM); 10 mi W Sorocaba, 21.ii.1980 (EGRC). Colombia. ?: La Basa (INSB). Cundinamarca: Anapoima, 9.x.1965 (USNM); Fusagasuga, 12.vii.1965 (USNM); Melgar, 11.xi.1965, 12.vii.1965, 8.viii.1965 (USNM); Sassaima, 19.iii.1965 (USNM); Villeta, 19.iii.1965 (USNM). Tolima: no further data (DEI); Ibagué (DEI); 10 mi E. Ibaguo, 9.iii.1955 (CASC). Honda: Tolima, 18.vi.1965 (USNM). Meta: Restrepo, 2.x.1965 (USNM); Villavicencio, ix.85, 18.ix.1965 (USNM). Costa Rica. no further data (DEI). Cartago: Turrialba (DEI). Guanacaste: Lomas Barbudal Res., 16.vii.1969 (PMNH). Limón: Hamburg Farm, 5.ix.1922 (DEI). Puntarenas: 4 km N Tarcoles, 21–28.xii.1979 (LACM); San José: San José (DEI); 5 km SW San Isidro, 7.viii.1990 (TAMU). Ecuador. Dos Rios: Quevedo, 31.viii.2002 (USNM). Napo: vic. Puerto Misshuai, 1650–1900 ft., 6–19.ix.1998 (FSCA). El Salvador. La Libertad: La Libertad, 10 m, 15.xii.1972 (FSCA). San Salvador: Santa Tecla, 9.iv.1957 (USNM). Guatemala. Huehuetenango: Concepcion, 1400 ft. (USNM). Izabal: Quebradas, v.1919 (USNM). Honduras. ?: Tegucigalpa, 3.ix.1917 (USNM). Morzan: Esc. Agr. Pan., Zamorpano, 2600 ft., 1.vii.1948 (USNM). Santa Barbara: vic. Agua Azul, 30.v.1993 (FSCA). México. Colima: Colima (USNM); Colima Vulcano (USNM). Guerrero: Acapulco, 30.vii, vii.1955 (USNM); 7 mi. W El Ocotito, 16.ix.1989 (UGAC). Morelos: Cuernavaca (USNM). Tabasco: La Chontalpa, 29.iv.1973 (USNM). San Luis Potosi: 37 mi S San Luis Potosi, 23.viii.1981 (CASC). Veracruz: Catemaco, 15.viii.1979 (USNM); Cordoba, 12.vi, 3.v.1900, 18.iv.1900 (USNM); Lake Catemaco, 10– 18.vii.1963 (USNM). Nicaragua. No further data (SEAN). Panamá. ?: Los Santos Laboratorio, Los Achetines, 3 km E Verado, 23.vi.1996 (TAMU). Bocas del Toro: 1 km S of oil storage facility, SE of Chiriquí Grande, i.15.2000 (USNM). Chiriquí: 7 km SE Fortuna Dam, 12.v.1991, 1100 m (HPSC); 25 mi NW David, 13.v.1960 (USUC); Lino (DEI); Plan de Chorcha, 29.v.1993 (EGRC). Panamá: Fort Kobbe, 20.vi.1976 (USNM), 28.vi.1974 (FSCA), 1.xi.1983, 3.xii.1995 (HPSC); Far Fan Spillway, 15.iii.1991 (HPSC).   
 Paraguay. Caazapa: Sierra de Amambay, xi.1929 (USNM). Cordillera: Inst. Agro. Nac. Caocape, 17– 20.i.1983 (EGRC). Peru. No further data (DEI). Loreto: 100 mi NE Iquitos, 20.iii.1969 (FSCA); Jungle Amazon Inn, 30 mi E. Iquitos on Amazon River, 30.xii.1984 – 5.i.1985 (FSCA). Trinidad: no further data (NHRS). Talparo, 5–24.vii.1989, 7–25.vi.1991 (FSCA); 3.3 mi SSW Talparo, 21.vi.1991 (FSCA). Venezuela. Aragua: Rancho Grande, Estacion Aragua, vii.1941 (USNM). Bolívar: Cuidad Bolívar, 28.viii.1898 (USNM). Mérida: Mérida, 1700–2300 m, xi.1960 (DEI). Monagas: 60 km SE Matuin, 1.vii.1958 (LACM). Total: 150.
description: Published as part of Staines, C. L., 2010, A review of the genus Oxychalepus Uhmann, 1937 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), pp. 35-56 in Zootaxa 2573 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2573.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5303729