Hadruroides lunatus
Creators: name: Ochoa, José A.
name: Prendini, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Caraboctonidae
Hadruroides
Hadruroides lunatus

description: Hadruroides lunatus (L. Koch, 1867)
Figures 2, 3G, 5C, 20C
Telegonus lunatus L. Koch, 1867: 235–237.
Hadrurus parvulus Karsch, 1879: 135 (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1894: 207; confirmed by Armas, 1984: 1); Moritz and Fischer, 1980: 322.
Hadrurus robustus Boeris, 1889: 125, 126 (synonymized by Kraepelin, 1894: 207).
Hadruroides lunatus: Kraepelin, 1894: 207 (part), 1899: 188 (part); Pocock, 1900: 474; Kraepelin, 1901: 274 (part?); Chamberlin, 1920: 35 (part); Banks, 1924: 95; Mello-Leitão, 1942: 130, 1945: 120 (part); Weidner, 1959: 103; Bücherl, 1964: 61; Cekalovic, 1966: 3; Aguilar, 1968: 166, 167, 169, 171, figs. 1, 2, 5, 6A, 6D; Bücherl, 1969: 768; Aguilar and Meneses, 1970: 2, 4; Bücherl, 1971: 328; Vachon, 1974, fig. 16 (5); Maury, 1975: 13–15, figs. 11–22, 46, 47; Aguilar, 1977: 91, fig. 4; Aguilar and Türkowsky, 1977: 83; Francke, 1977: 75; Francke and Soleglad, 1980: 7, 1981: 238, 244, figs. 27–29; Armas, 1984: 1; Flórez, 1990: 124; Lourenço, 1994: 157, 1995: 74, 1997a: 601; Kovařík, 1998: 135; Sissom and Fet, 2000: 412; Lourenço and Dastych, 2001: 56 (part); Escobar et al., 2002: 4, 2003: 89; Iannacone, 2003: 86; Teruel, 2003: 237; Fet et al., 2004: 24; Ochoa, 2005: 53; Ochoa and Chaparro, 2008: 5.
Hadruroides parvulus: Williams, 1970: 31.
Hadruroides robustus: Williams, 1970: 31.
TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype ♀ [Telegonus lunatus] (ZMH), ‘‘ South America. ’’ Seven syntypes [Hadrurus parvulus] (ZMB 3059), four syntypes (ZMB 3013) [lost], ‘‘ India occid.’’ Syntypes [Hadrurus robustus] (MCSNG?), PERU: Lima.
NEW RECORDS: PERU: Lima Department: Cañete Province: Quebrada Chillca, 7 km E Santa María (12 ° 28 ' S 76 ° 42 ' W, 100 m), 28.v.1969, O.F. Francke, 1 ♂, 7 ♀, 15 juv. (AMNH). Huaral Province: Lomas Iguanil (11 ° 28 ' S 77 ° 09 ' W, 330 m), viii.1975, P. Aguilar, 2 ♂, 4 ♀, 1 juv. (AMNH); Lomas Lachay, 11 ° 21 ' 34 " S 77 ° 22 ' 06 " W, 380 m, 11.xii.2008, L. Nizama, E. Carrillo and J.A. Ochoa, 6 ♂, 4 ♀ (AMNH), 7 ♂, 4 ♀ (MHNC); Huayopampa (11 ° 21 ' 05 " S 76 ° 49 ' 21 " W, 1950 m), 29.vii.1985, E. Perez, 1 ♀ (MUSM). Huarochiri Province: Songos, 62 km from Chosica on road to La Oroya (11 ° 54 ' S 76 ° 30 ' W, 1600 m), 14.xi.2004, J.C. Chaparro and J.A. Ochoa, 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (MHNC). Lima Province: Isla Pachacamac (12 ° 18 ' 07 " S 76 ° 54 ' 08 " W), 20.iv.1973, M. Ortiz and P. Aguilar, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Chosica, El Bosque (11 ° 56 ' 34 " S 76 ° 42 ' 11 " W, 830 m), 28.ix.1972, A. Esquerre, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Cieneguilla, 6 km W (12 ° 05 ' S 76 ° 50 ' W), ca. 400 m, 30.xii.1975, O.F. Francke, 4 ♂, 13 ♀, 17 juv. (AMNH); Cieneguilla (12 ° 05 ' 07 " S 76 ° 46 ' 16 " W, 380 m), vi.1986, A. Tejada, 2 ♂, 3 ♀ (MUSM); CIP, La Molina (12 ° 04 ' 52 " S 76 ° 56 ' 13 " W, 254 m), 8.vi.1983, F.D. Bennett, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Lima, 31 km on road to Canta, ca. 400 m, O.F. Francke, 1 ♀ (AMNH); Lima, 89 km on road to Canta, 1800 m, 8.i.1976, O.F. Francke, 2 ♂, 10 ♀, 32 juv. (AMNH); Jesus María (12 ° 04 ' 26 " S 77 ° 02 ' 08 " W, 119 m), 15.ii.1986, L. Sarmiento, 1 ♂ (MUSM), 18.xii. 1989, M. Medina, 1 ♂ (MUSM); Lomas Atocongo (ca. 12 ° 08 ' S 76 ° 55 ' W, 730 m), 9.ix.1983, L. Romero, 1 ♂, 2 juv. (MUSM); Lomas San Bartolo (ca. 12 ° 22 ' S 76 ° 42 ' W, 530 m), 23.xi.1954, 1 juv. (MUSM); Pantanos de Villa (12 ° 13 ' 04 " S 76 ° 59 ' 15 " W, 2 m), 21.viii.1994, D. Silva and J. Duárez, 1 ♂ (MUSM), 25.viii.1994, S. Cordova, D. Florindez, M. Samané and J. Duárez, 1 ♂ (MUSM). Oyón Province: Churín (10 ° 48 ' 39 " S 76 ° 51 ' 58 " W, 2290 m), 1.ix.1969, O.F. Francke, 2 ♀, 7 juv. (AMNH).
DIAGNOSIS: Hadruroides lunatus appears to be most closely related to H. aguilari, H. juanchaparroi, and H. tishqu, based on the similar carination of sternite VII and metasomal segments I–IV. Hadruroides lunatus may be distinguished from these species by means of the pigmentation pattern of the tergites and metasomal segments, the ventral carinae of metasomal segment V, the granulation of the ventral surface of the telson, the dimensions of the pedipalp chela, and the shape of the hemispermatophore. Haduroides lunatus may be separated from H. aguilari as follows: the pedipalp chela fixed finger of the adult male is curved, creating a distinct proximal gap with the movable finger when the fingers are closed, in H. lunatus, whereas the fixed and movable fingers of the adult male are straight, such that no proximal gap is evident when the fingers are closed, in H. aguilari; metasomal segment II is as wide as long, and V (♂) is approximately twice as long as wide in H. lunatus, whereas segment II is longer than wide and V (♂) is approximately three times longer than wide in H. aguilari. Hadruroides lunatus may be distinguished from H. juanchaparroi by means of its larger size: H. lunatus reaches ca. 45 mm in total length, compared with H. juanchaparroi, which reaches ca. 32 mm in total length. Hadruroides lunatus may also be differentiated from H. juanchaparroi and H. tishqu based on pigmentation pattern: the dorsosubmedian spots on the tergites are rectangular in H. lunatus (fig. 20C), irregular in H. juanchaparroi (fig. 20D) and faint to absent in H. tishqu (fig. 24B); H. lunatus lacks pigmentation on sternite VII and metasomal segment I whereas several spots surround the insertion of setae on these segments in H. juanchaparroi (fig. 20E); the pigmentation pattern on the ventral surfaces of metasomal segments II–IV is well developed in H. lunatus, but absent in H. tishqu. Furthermore, the ventral surface of the telson is granular in the female H. lunatus, but smooth in both sexes of H. tishqu (fig. 23A, C). The pedipalp chela is more slender in H. lunatus than in H. tishqu: the length:width ratio (♂) is 3.44–3.54 in H. lunatus and 2.98–3.34 in H. tishqu. The shape of hemispermatophore provides additional diagnostic features: the lamina and basal portion are broader basally with a relatively longer crest in H. lunatus than in H. juanchaparroi (fig. 21A, C).
DISTRIBUTION: The type locality of H. parvulus is obviously erroneous (Armas, 1984). Hadruroides lunatus has been reported to occur in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela (Mello-Leitão, 1945; Esquivel de Verde, 1968; Cekalovic, 1983; Maury, 1975; Sissom and Fet, 2000; Ochoa, 2005). The records for Colombia and Venezuela (Mello- Leitão, 1945; Flórez, 1990; Esquivel de Verde, 1968) are also erroneous and no subsequent authors included this species in the scorpion fauna of these countries (Flórez, 1990; Lourenço, 1997b; González-Sponga, 1984, 1996; Rojas-Runjaic and De Sousa, 2007). Records from northern Chile and Ecuador (Cekalovic, 1983; Sissom and Fet, 2000) are probably misidentifications of other Hadruroides species. In the present contribution, we can confirm the presence of this species only in the Lima Department of central Peru and Isla Pachacamac (fig. 2). Other records from northern Peru must be confirmed in the future. Records from Tacna and Arequipa in southern Peru (Ochoa, 2005) correspond to new species, the descriptions of which are in preparation by the authors (fig. 2).
ECOLOGY: Hadruroides lunatus inhabits rocky areas and Lomas formations in the coastal Pacific Desert (Aguilar, 1968; Aguilar and Meneses, 1970; fig. 3G).
description: Published as part of Ochoa, José A. & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2010, The Genus Hadruroides Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones: Iuridae), in Peru: New Records and Descriptions of Six New Species, pp. 1-56 in American Museum Novitates 2010 (3687) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.1206/684.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4735531