cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stabilizing Monoatomic Two-Coordinate Bismuth(I) and Bismuth(II) Using a Redox Noninnocent Bis(germylene) Ligand
Creators: name: Xu, Jian
name: Pan, Sudip
name: Yao, Shenglai
name: Lorent, Christian
name: Teutloff, Christian
name: Zhang, Zhaoyin
name: Fan, Jun
name: Molino, Andrew
name: Krause, Konstantin
name: Schmidt, Johannes
name: Bittl, Robert
name: Limberg, Christian
name: Zhao, Lili
name: Frenking, Gernot
name: Driess, Matthias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The formation of isolable monatomic BiI complexes and BiII radical species is challenging due to the pronounced reducing nature of metallic bismuth. Here, we report a convenient strategy to tame BiI and BiII atoms by taking advantage of the redox noninnocent character of a new chelating bis(germylene) ligand. The remarkably stable novel BiI cation complex 4, supported by the new bis(iminophosphonamido-germylene)xanthene ligand [(P)GeII(Xant)GeII(P)] 1, [(P)GeII(Xant)GeII(P) = Ph2P(NtBu)2GeII(Xant)GeII(NtBu)2PPh2, Xant = 9,9-dimethyl-xanthene-4,5-diyl], was synthesized by a two-electron reduction of the cationic BiIIII2 precursor complex 3 with cobaltocene (Cp2Co) in a molar ratio of 1:2. Notably, owing to the redox noninnocent character of the germylene moieties, the positive charge of BiI cation 4 migrates to one of the Ge atoms in the bis(germylene) ligand, giving rise to a germylium(germylene) BiI complex as suggested by DFT calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Likewise, migration of the positive charge of the BiIIII2 cation of 3 results in a bis(germylium)BiIIII2 complex. The delocalization of the positive charge in the ligand engenders a much higher stability of the BiI cation 4 in comparison to an isoelectronic two-coordinate Pb0 analogue (plumbylone; decomposition below −30 °C). Interestingly, 4[BArF] undergoes a reversible single-electron transfer (SET) reaction (oxidation) to afford the isolable BiII radical complex 5 in 5[BArF]2. According to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, the unpaired electron predominantly resides at the BiII atom. Extending the redox reactivity of 4[OTf] employing AgOTf and MeOTf affords BiIII(OTf)2 complex 7 and BiIIIMe complex 8, respectively, demonstrating the high nucleophilic character of BiI cation 4.
Supplementary document for A Deep Learning Modeling Approach for Metasurfaces with High Degrees of Freedom - 4804171.pdf
Creators: name: an, sensong
name: Zheng, Bowen
name: Shalaginov, Mikhail
name: Tang, Hong
name: Li, Hang
name: Zhou, Li
name: Ding, Jun
name: Agarwal, Anuradha
name: Rivero-Baleine, Clara
name: Kang, Myungkoo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary 1
ОРГАНОСОХРАНЯЮЩАЯ ОПЕРАЦИЯ ПРИ УДАЛЕНИИ ЛИМФАНГИОМЫ БРЮШНОЙ ПОЛОСТИ БОЛЬШИХ РАЗМЕРОВ У РЕБЕНКА ТРЕХ ЛЕТ
Creators: name: СВАРИЧ В.А.
name: КАГАНЦОВ И.М.
name: ПЕРЕВОЗЧИКОВ Е.Г.
name: ВОДОЛАЗСКИЙ С.А.
name: СВАРИЧ В.Г.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЛИМФАНГИОМА БРЮШНОЙ ПОЛОСТИ БОЛЬШИХ РАЗМЕРОВ
РЕЗЕКЦИЯ СЕЛЕЗЕНКИ
THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY LYMPHANGIOMA OF A LARGE SIZE
RESECTION OF THE SPLEEN

description: Оперативное лечение детей малого возраста с большими образованиями брюшной полости представляет значительные технические трудности для хирурга. Особенно это касается лимфангиом, несмотря на длительную историю изучения этой патологии Представлено наблюдение о лечении лимфангиомы брюшной полости больших размеров у ребенка трех лет. В течение полутора месяцев образование в брюшной полости заняло всю брюшную полость, что было подтверждено данными ультразвукового исследования и компьютерной томографии. Потеря веса у ребенка в течение всего срока наблюдения составила четыре килограмма, несмотря на рост образования в брюшной полости. В процессе оперативного лечения удалось полностью удалить лимфангиому больших размеров из брюшной полости с резекцией половины селезенки ввиду тесного сращения с ней образования. Его вес составил 3,5 килограмма. Послеоперационный период протекал без осложнений. На контрольном ультразвуковом исследовании брюшной полости размеры селезенки уменьшились наполовину и ее нижний полюс был плоским, повышенной эхогенности. Представленное наблюдение наглядно демонстрирует возможности удаления лимфангиомы брюшной полости больших размеров, тесно связанной с селезенкой и применением органосохраняющей операции на ней.
Diffraction in Charged Current DIS
Creators: name: Bertini, M.
name: Genovese, M.
name: Nikolaev, N. N.
name: Zakharov, B. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the QCD calculation of the diffractive structure function for charged current DIS. In particular we analyse the perturbatively tractable excitation of heavy quarks. We emphasize the peculiarities of the Regge factorization breaking in excitation of open charm.
description: 16 pages LateX, 5 eps figures included
Additional file 1 of Association between serum zinc and copper concentrations and copper/zinc ratio with the prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: He, Hongyi
name: Wang, Yilun
name: Yang, Zidan
name: Ding, Xiang
name: Yang, Tuo
name: Lei, Guanghua
name: Li, Hui
name: Xie, Dongxing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file1. Measuring methods and reliability data of potential confounders.
Local Volume Effects in the Generalized Pseudopotential Theory
Creators: name: Skinner, Guy C. G.
name: Moriarty, John A.
name: Paxton, Anthony T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT) is a powerful method for deriving real-space transferable interatomic potentials. Using a coarse-grained electronic structure, one can explicitly calculate the pair ion-ion and multi-ion interactions in simple and transition metals. Whilst successful in determining bulk properties, in central force metals the GPT fails to describe crystal defects for which there is a significant local volume change. A previous paper [PhysRevLett.66.3036 (1991)] found that by allowing the GPT total energy to depend upon some spatially-averaged local electron density, the energetics of vacancies and surfaces could be calculated within experimental ranges. In this paper, we develop the formalism further by explicitly calculating the forces and stress tensor associated with this total energy. We call this scheme the adaptive GPT (aGPT) and it is capable of both molecular dynamics and molecular statics. We apply the aGPT to vacancy formation and divacancy binding in hcp Mg and also calculate the local electron density corrections to the bulk elastic constants and phonon dispersion for which there is refinement over the baseline GPT treatment.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
CLUSTERING USE DRUG WITH K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR METHOD CASE STUDY: LABUHAN RUKU PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER, BATU BARA DISTRICT
Creators: name: Musliadi, Imran Lubis, Rachmat Aulia
Publisher: name: PT. Jasa Niaga Digital Indonesia
Year: 2025
Subjects: clustering , k-nearest neighbor method , use drug , health center

description: Study This aiming For develop system application clustering use medicine in Health Center Labuan Bow down , Regency Rock Coal, with apply method K- Nearest Neighbor (KNN) . Identified problems is difficulty in manage usage data large and complex drugs . The system is designed integrate various features , including login page , variable data management , and calculations cluster using KNN. Testing system done For ensure functionality and accuracy , with the results show effectiveness KNN method in grouping drug data . With using expenditure and price data unit medicine , system can identify pattern use and provide results relevant clusters , helping management stock more medicine efficient . Test results show that system functioning in accordance with specified specifications , capable of handle various inputs with Good , And give results Which accurate . Study This expected can give contribution in management use drug in health center , as well as become reference For study more carry on about system clustering in context health.
First-principles prediction of structure, energetics, formation enthalpy, elastic constants, polarization, and piezoelectric constants of AlN, GaN, and InN: comparison of local and gradient-corrected density-functional theory
Creators: name: Zoroddu, A.
name: Bernardini, F.
name: Ruggerone, P.
name: Fiorentini, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of diverse bulk properties of the zincblende and wurtzite III-V nitrides AlN, GaN, and InN, are predicted from first principles within density functional theory using the plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method, within both the LDA (local density) and GGA (generalized gradient) approximations to the exchange-correlation functional. Besides structure and cohesion, we study formation enthalpies (a key ingredient in predicting defect solubilities and surface stability), spontaneous polarizations and piezoelectric constants (central parameters for nanostructure modeling), and elastic constants. Our study bears out the relative merits of the two density functional approaches in describing diverse properties of the III-V nitrides (and of the parent species N$_2$, Al, Ga, and In), and leads us to conclude that the GGA approximation, associated with high-accuracy techniques such as multiprojector ultrasoft pseudopotentials or modern all-electron methods, is to be preferred in the study of III-V nitrides.
description: RevTeX 6 pages, 12 tables, 0 figures
Calophyllum inophyllum Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Calophyllaceae
Calophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum

description: Calophyllum inophyllum Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 513. 1753.
"Habitat in India." RCN: 3868.
 Lectotype (Bamps & al. in Polhill, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Guttiferae: 3. 1978): Herb. Hermann 2: 82, No. 201 (BM-000594641).
 Current name:  Calophyllum inophyllum  L. (Clusiaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 376, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
title: ADCO, Ordre cistercien et abbaye de Cîteaux : comptes pour l'ordre (1337-1347), comptes du boursier (1377-1402) (11 H 1160), f. 00521
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2017
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes

description: Ordre cistercien et abbaye de Cîteaux : comptes pour l'ordre (1337-1347), comptes du boursier (1377-1402), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1160). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Ordre cistercien et abbaye de Cîteaux : comptes pour l'ordre (1337-1347), comptes du boursier (1377-1402), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1160), f. 00521, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ И РОДОВ С НЕСОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫМ РУБЦОМ НА МАТКЕ (КЛИНИЧЕСКОЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ)
Creators: name: СЕДАВНЫХ Е.А.
name: ПЕЧЕНКИНА Н.С.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2020
Subjects: КЕСАРЕВО СЕЧЕНИЕ
РУБЕЦ НА МАТКЕ
УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ
CESAREAN SECTION
UTERINE SCAR
ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION

description: Современная медицина достигла глобальных успехов в минимизации осложнений после операции кесарева сечения. Однако существует проблема восстановления миометрия и формирования полноценного рубца в послеоперационном периоде. В данной работе представлено клиническое наблюдение течения беременности и родов у пациентки с диагнозом: Несостоятельный рубец на матке. Проведен ретроспективный анализ истории родов на основании индивидуальной карты беременной и родильницы, протокола (карты) патолого-гистологического исследования последа. Проведение операций в плановых условиях, после подготовки беременной в условиях отделения патологии, позволило минимизировать кровопотерю во время кесарева сечения, использование двухрядного шва на матку и выполнение метропластики сохранило репродуктивный орган пациентке высокой группы риска с возможным разрывом матки по рубцу во время беременности и развитием патологического кровотечения при родоразрешении путем кесарева сечения.
Supplementary material for: Influence of structural colour on the photoprotective mechanism in the gametophyte phase of the red alga Chondrus crispus
Creators: name: Fleitas, Ariel García
name: Sardar, Samim
name: Arnould-Pétré, Margot Minju
name: Murace, Maria
name: Vignolini, Silvia
name: Brodie, Juliet
name: Lanzani, Guglielmo
name: D'Andrea, Cosimo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310908
subject: Animal physiology - biophysics
classificationCode: 320802
subject: Human biophysics

description: Figures S1–11 and Tables S1-3
Attention-Based Deep Neural Networks for Detection of Cancerous and Precancerous Esophagus Tissue on Histopathological Slides
Creators: name: Tomita, Naofumi
name: Abdollahi, Behnaz
name: Wei, Jason
name: Ren, Bing
name: Suriawinata, Arief
name: Hassanpour, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning-based methods, such as the sliding window approach for cropped-image classification and heuristic aggregation for whole-slide inference, for analyzing histological patterns in high-resolution microscopy images have shown promising results. These approaches, however, require a laborious annotation process and are fragmented. This diagnostic study collected deidentified high-resolution histological images (N = 379) for training a new model composed of a convolutional neural network and a grid-based attention network, trainable without region-of-interest annotations. Histological images of patients who underwent endoscopic esophagus and gastroesophageal junction mucosal biopsy between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018, at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center (Lebanon, New Hampshire) were collected. The method achieved a mean accuracy of 0.83 in classifying 123 test images. These results were comparable with or better than the performance from the current state-of-the-art sliding window approach, which was trained with regions of interest. Results of this study suggest that the proposed attention-based deep neural network framework for Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma detection is important because it is based solely on tissue-level annotations, unlike existing methods that are based on regions of interest. This new model is expected to open avenues for applying deep learning to digital pathology.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of JAMA Network Open
A Superheated Droplet Detector for Dark Matter Search
Creators: name: Hamel, L. A.
name: Lessard, L.
name: Rainville, L.
name: Sur, B.
name: Zacek, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the operation principle of a detector based on superheated droplets of Freon-12 and its feasibility for the search of weakly interacting cold dark matter particles. In particular we are interested in a neutralino search experiment in the mass range from 10 to 10^4 GeV/c^2 and with a sensitivity of better than 10^-2 events/kg/d. We show that our new proposed detector can be operated at ambient pressure and room temperature in a mode where it is exclusively sensitive to nuclear recoils like those following neutralino interactions, which allows a powerful background discrimination. An additional advantage of this technique is due to the fact that the detection material, Freon-12, is cheap and readily available in large quantities. Moreover we were able to show that piezoelectric transducers allow efficient event localization in large volumes.
description: 15 pages LATEX; 11 figures on request from zacekv@lps.umontreal.ca submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A
ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ГЕНОВ NOS3 RS1799983, AGTR2 RS1403543 И СТРАТИФИКАЦИЯ РИСКА СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У БОЛЬНЫХ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА
Creators: name: Мирошников А.Е.
name: Поздняков Н.О.
name: Ильин М.В.
name: Хохлов А.Л.
name: Груздева А.А.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2021
Subjects: полиморфизм генов
сердечно-сосудистые осложнения
стратификация риска

description: Ишемическая болезнь сердца является лидером в структуре причин смертности среди сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). В последние годы большое внимание уделяется немодифицируемым, в частности, генетическим факторам риска ССЗ. Полиморфизм генов NOS3 и AGTR2 может служить причиной прогрессирования эндотелиальной дисфункции, нарушения регуляции кровообращения, приводя к развитию сердечно-сосудистых осложнений (ССО). Цель исследования – изучение полиморфизмов генов NOS3, AGTR2 и сравнительный анализ их генотипических вариантов у больных ИБС в зависимости от риска развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений в долгосрочном периоде. В исследование включены 200 больных ИБС, которые были распределены на группы очень высокого, высокого и среднего/низкого риска развития ССО. Проводилось клиническое обследование, лабораторные и инструментальные исследования, анкетирование пациентов и анализ генов NOS3 rs1799983, AGTR2 rs1403543. Сравнительный анализ генотипических вариантов генов NOS3 и AGTR2 продемонстрировал диспропорциональное распределение аллелей в группах больных ИБС в зависимости от уровня риска развития неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий. У больных с очень высоким риском сердечно-сосудистых осложнений наблюдалось преобладание мутантных гомозиготных аллелей (TT и AA) генов NOS3 и AGTR2 и снижение частоты выявления нормальных гомозиготных генов по аллелю G (GG). Генетическое исследование, направленное на выявление полиморфизма генов NOS3 и AGTR2, вероятно, позволит прогнозировать риск развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений, определять стратегию и тактику лечения в долгосрочном периоде.
MPEC 2024-U44 : 2024 UO
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 UO

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Transcriptions Cisterciens et Ressources #82
Creators: name: Chamignon, Lucile
name: Chamignon, Lucie
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: abbaye de Noirlac
subject: pierre
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q776244

description: Jacques, archiprêtre de Dun, notifie que Godefroy de Troites et Jean, son frère, donnent aux abbés et religieux de la Maison-Dieu-sur-Cher (Noirlac) toute la pierre qui se trouve sur leur terre de la paroisse de Faverdines. Ils obtiennent le droit de l’extraire et de la transporter où ils le souhaitent. Toutefois, si la terre est emblavée, l’abbé et les frères de la Maison-Dieu-Sur-Cher devront leur dédommager le blé foulé et tracer un chemin à travers le champ.
description: Source: a. Chamignon (Lucile), 2023.
description: Source: https://www.nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.9aca373v
description: Source: A. Original sur parchemin, sceau disparu, deux lacunes de parchemin, AD Cher 8 H 55 n°6.
description: Bibliographic citation: Transcription CIS#82, Lucile Chamignon, in Projet Cisterciens et Ressources [Ressource en ligne], https://cisterciensetressources.lamop.fr/
description: Transcriptions Cisterciens et Ressources #82
Additional file 11 of Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz
Creators: name: Zhang, Tingfu
name: Cao, Qianwen
name: Li, Na
name: Liu, Deli
name: Yuan, Yongze
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 11: Figure S3. GAPD-based qPCR validation of 19 prochloraz-responsive DEGs including drug transporter genes (a), ergosterol biosynthesis-related genes (b), MAPK signaling pathway genes (c), and Ca2+ signal transduction genes (d).
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ЕМКОСТИ ВЕКТОРНОГО ОБЪЕМА И КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА АСИММЕТРИИ СФИНКТЕРОВ ПРЯМОЙ КИШКИ ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ ГИРШПРУНГА У ДЕТЕЙ
Creators: name: Сварич В.А.
name: Каганцов И.М.
name: Сварич В.Г.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2021
Subjects: векторный объем
коэффициент асимметрии сфинктеров прямой кишки
болезнь Гиршпрунга

description: Цель: показать значение коэффициента асимметрии сфинктеров прямой кишки и емкости векторного объема для контроля за лечением и реабилитацией при болезни Гиршпрунга у детей. Проведенное исследование было неконтролируемым проспективным с прерванным временным рядом. Для исследования были выбраны 346 детей с болезнью Гиршпрунга. Комплексное обследование в дооперационном, раннем и отдаленном послеоперационном периодах включало измерение коэффициента асимметрии сфинктеров прямой кишки и емкости векторного объема. Они свидетельствовали об увеличении векторного объема у пациентов с суперкоротким вариантом заболевания до операции против нормы на 221,9%. Асимметрия сфинктеров была умеренной. Имелся рост векторного объема у пациентов с ректосигмоидным и ректальным вариантом на 100,9 – 231,6%. Эти пациенты имели выраженную асимметрию сфинктеров. Через три месяца после операции у детей с суперкоротким вариантом векторный объем против нормы увеличивался на 148,2%. Но последний по сравнению с дооперационным периодом уменьшился на 73,8%. Сохранялась умеренно выраженная асимметрия сфинктеров. Через двенадцать месяцев после операции у этих пациентов векторный объем оставался увеличенным против нормы на 116,1%. Сохранялась умеренная асимметрия сфинктеров, но векторный объем уменьшился 107,3% по сравнению с дооперационными показателями. Через три месяца после операции фиксировался тренд к снижению величины векторного объема. Через двенадцать месяцев после операции последний нормализовался. В ближайшем и отдаленном послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с ректосигмоидным и ректальным вариантом сохранялась асимметрия внутреннего и наружного сфинктеров. Но имелась тенденция к уменьшению этого показателя в течение всего послеоперационного периода. Использование коэффициента асимметрии сфинктеров прямой кишки и векторного объема позволяет контролировать процесс лечения и реабилитации детей с различными вариантами болезни Гиршпрунга.
PASSENGER D1.1 - Fabrication of τ-phase Mn-Al-C loose powder (obtained by annealing the ε-phase powder) with target values: remanence Br= 3.0 kG; coercivity jHc= 2.5 kOe
Creators: name: Köll, Anna
name: Dopler, Martin
name: Martín- Cid, Andrés
name: Bollero, Alberto
name: Qin, Guixiang
name: Forlin, Enrico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: To ensure that the material has ferromagnetic properties, two different routes were taken to produce τ-MnAlC phase powder. METALPINE's task in this project is to atomize the MnAlC material to obtain powder with a crystallographic structure based on the ε-phase (precursor). Subsequent heat treatment and investigations by IMDEA revealed successful transformation to almost pure τ-MnAlC phase. LCM produced the MnAlC alloy by casting, which was subsequently crushed and thus processed into powder. After initial difficulties with comminution, IMDEA has demonstrated the validity of its self-developed “flash-milling” method to improve permanent magnet properties on the crushed MnAlC powder. A subsequent heat treatment influences the magnetic properties of the material, so the aim is to find a compromise between milling time and annealing time to achieve the highest possible remanence and coercivity (considering that typically for permanent magnets the increase in one of these properties is accompanied by a decrease in the second one). MBN applied its HEBM technology to replicate the “flash-milling” effect at pilot scale, towards a process industrialization. As can be seen in Table 1 the target value for this deliverable for the remanence was nearly achieved while the value of the coercivity has significantly exceeded the target value (in more than 6%). The sample with the best magnetic properties so far was selected to aim for larger scale production and to further optimise the annealing process.

 
description: This deliverable is currently under review by the European Commission.
Caltha palustris Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Ranunculales
Ranunculaceae
Caltha
Caltha palustris

description: Caltha palustris Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 1: 558. 1753.
"Habitat in humidiusculis Europae." RCN: 4111.
 Lectotype (Jonsell & Jarvis in Jarvis & al., Regnum Veg. 127: 28. 1993): Herb. Burser XV(2): 82 (UPS).
 Generitype of Caltha Linnaeus.
 Current name:  Caltha palustris  L. (Ranunculaceae).
 Note: See detailed review by Jonsell & Jarvis (in Nordic J. Bot. 14: 161. 1994).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 376, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ПЛОЩАДЕЙ АКСИАЛЬНЫХ СРЕЗОВ И ОБЪЕМА ПЕЧЕНИ ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ ПО ДАННЫМ ПРИЖИЗНЕННОЙ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ
Creators: name: Чемезов С.В.
name: Лозинский А.С.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2021
Subjects: печень
компьютерная томография
дети
подростки

description: Цель исследования – установление возрастных и гендерных закономерностей показателей площадей аксиальных срезов и объема печени детей и подростков по данным компьютерной томографии. Исследованы компьютерные томограммы брюшной полости 75 детей без видимой патологии печени. Обследованные разделены на 4 возрастные группы: период раннего детства, период первого детства, период второго детства, подростковый период. Исследование выполнено на 16-срезовых компьютерных томографах с определением площадей на уровне середины тел позвонков с ThXI по LIV, вертикальных размеров и объемов (произведение среднего вертикального размера на среднюю площадь среза) правой и левой долей печени. Полученные данные подвергнуты вариационно-статистической обработке с определением среднего значения (М), стандартной ошибки (m) и достоверности различий по t-критерию Стьюдента. В результате проведенных исследований выявлены закономерности изменений площадей аксиальных срезов и объема правой и левой долей печени среди обследованных. Установлены гендерные различия, преимущественно в показателях правой доли печени, как внутри отдельных групп, так и различия показателей среди девочек и мальчиков в возрастном аспекте. Определен достоверный прирост площадей аксиальных срезов правой доли печени на отдельных срезах во всех группах, а достоверные различия между девочками и мальчиками одной группы определялись почти на всех срезах только в 4-й группе. Достоверное увеличение объема правой доли печени отмечалось во всех возрастных группах, а достоверные различия в этом показателе между девочками и мальчиками определялись лишь в 4-й группе. В показателях площадей аксиальных срезов левой доли печени достоверные различия между группами, а также различия внутри одной группы между девочками и мальчиками по большинству срезов не выявлены. Достоверные различия в показателях объема левой доли печени среди девочек не установлены, а среди мальчиков определены в 3-й группе по сравнению со 2-й. Между показателями у девочек и мальчиков одной группы достоверные различия не выявлены.
Osp(1|8)-Gravity
Creators: name: Hurth, T.
name: van Nieuwenhuizen, P.
name: Preitschopf, C. R.
name: Waldron, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a new MacDowell-Mansouri $R^2$-type supergravity action based on the superalgebra Osp(1|8). This contribution summarizes the work of hep-th/9702052.
description: 8 pages, latex, espcrc2.sty (included); contribution to the Proceedings of the 30th Ahrenshoop Symposium on the Theory of Elementary Particles, Buckow, Germany, Aug. 27-31, 1996
Single-Ended Fiber Latency Measurement with Picosecond-Accuracy Using Correlation OTDR
Creators: name: Eiselt, Michael
name: Dochhan, Annika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Correlation OTDR with a bit rate of 10 Gbit/s is used to measure fiber latency with an accuracy of a few picoseconds. The concept is demonstrated measuring the chromatic dispersion of a 2.2-km fiber section.
description: This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 762055
Tuber sinoniveum S. P. Wan & F. Q. Yu 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Xu, Wenjun
name: Wan, Shanping
name: Huang, Lanlan
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Gong, Hede
name: Yu, Fuqiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Agaricomycetes
Boletales
Paxillaceae
Tuber
Tuber sinoniveum

description: Tuber sinoniveum S.P. Wan & F.Q. Yu, sp. nov. (Fig. 3)
MycoBank:—MB818667
Type:— CHINA. Yunnan Province, Baoshan City, Shuizhai Village, 25°15′N 99°17′E, alt. 2,500 m, in the humus soil under a pure forest of P. armandii. 1 Nov. 2014, wsp234, HKAS 88792.
Ascomata 1.5 cm in diam., irregularly subglobose, with shallow cream furrows, firm, white to whitish when fresh, yellowish brown when dried, smooth, pubescent in furrows. Peridium 180–580 μm thick, with two layers, the outer layer 35–190 μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous, composed of large, subglobose to subangular cells of 3–28 (–30) × 2–24 (–26) μm, hyaline; the inner layer 60–490 μm thick, intricately interwoven, composed of hyaline and thin-walled hyphae, 1–8.5 μm in diam; the outmost cells developed into radial cystidia up to 107 μm long, 6.5 μm in diam, dense, multi-septate, obtuse, hyaline. Gleba solid, whitish when young, marbled with white veins, composed of hyaline, interwoven, thin-walled hyphae, 1–8 μm in diam, often with cells inflated to 3.5–18 × 3–11.5 μm. Odor pleasant. Asci globose to subglobose, pyriform, ellipsoid or irregular, hyaline, sessile or with a short stalk, with a thin 1–2 μm wall, 70–120 × (64–) 66–88 μm, 2–4-spored. Ascospores subglobose to globose, hyaline when young, becoming brown at maturity, excluding their alveolate-reticulate ornamentation, in 1-spored asci (35.5–) 37.5–45.5 (–46) × (35.5–) 36–45 (–45.5) μm, in 2-spored (21–) 23.5–45.5 (–46) × (20.5–) 23–45 (–45.5) μm, in 3-spored 26–35.5 (–38) × 25.5–34.5 (– 37) μm, and in 4-spored (21–)23.5–31.5 (–33.5) × (20.5–) 23–31 (–33.5) μm; Q = 1–1.07, Qm = 1.02 ± 0.01, reticulum alveolate with 3–9 meshes along the spore length and across, up to 2–10.3 μm tall.
Diagnosis: —Differing from T. sinosphaerosporum in its possession of a pubescent peridium and more meshes (3–9) along the spore length.
Habit, habitat and distribution: —Hypogeous, in soil under P. armandii in Yunnan Province, China. Only known from China.
Etymology: —Referring to the white color of the ascomata.
description: Published as part of Xu, Wenjun, Wan, Shanping, Huang, Lanlan, Zheng, Yi, Gong, Hede & Yu, Fuqiang, 2017, Tuber sinoniveum, a new white Chinese truffle species from Yunnan, China, pp. 253-260 in Phytotaxa 298 (3) on page 257, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13694325
Additional file 12 of Transcriptome analysis of fungicide-responsive gene expression profiles in two Penicillium italicum strains with different response to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz
Creators: name: Zhang, Tingfu
name: Cao, Qianwen
name: Li, Na
name: Liu, Deli
name: Yuan, Yongze
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 12: Figure S4. Comparison of prochloraz EC50 values between Pi-R (wild type) and its mfs1-knockout mutant (Î”mfs1).
Weierstrass-type representations
Creators: name: Pember, Mason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A40, 53A10, 53B25

description: Weierstrass-type representations have been used extensively in surface theory to create surfaces with special curvature properties. In this paper we give a unified description of these representations in terms of classical transformation theory of $Ω$-surfaces.
description: 10 pages
ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПОСТРАДАВШИХ С ТЯЖЕЛОЙ МЕСТНОЙ ХОЛОДОВОЙ ТРАВМОЙ В ОСТРОМ ПЕРИОДЕ
Creators: name: Кардовский А.Г.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2021
Subjects: отморожение
конечность
согревание
инфузионная терапия
ампутация
микроциркуляция
волювен

description: Несмотря на то, что к настоящему времени патогенез отморожений во многом изучен, освещены клинические и специальные методы диагностики местной холодовой травмы, накоплен большой опыт лечения пострадавших с глубокими отморожениями конечностей, оказание медицинской помощи, особенно в остром периоде, далеко от окончательного разрешения. При лечении пострадавших с тяжелой местной холодовой травмой в остром периоде – дореактивный, ранний и поздний реактивные периоды – необходимо согревание конечностей с помощью теплоизолирующих повязок и проведение инфузионной терапии с внутриартериальным введением вазоактивных и антикоагулянтных препаратов и средств, улучшающих микроциркуляцию крови, направленных на восстановление кровообращения в пораженных сегментах и предотвращение последующих осложнений. Цель исследования: разработать рациональное лечение больных с глубокими отморожениями конечностей в остром периоде. Проведен анализ лечения 390 больных с глубокой местной холодовой травмой, распределенных на 6 групп. Оценка лечения проводилась по выздоровлению пострадавших, количеству и уровню выполненных операций, а также по изменениям показателей свертывающей системы крови. Изучено два метода согревания пораженных конечностей: форсированное – в теплой воде и медленное – с помощью наложения теплоизолирующих повязок. Лучшие результаты отмечены при использовании медленного согревания. Показана эффективность инфузионной терапии с внутриартериальным введением лекарственных препаратов и инфузий кровезаменителей, улучшающих реологические свойства крови. Включение волювена в комплексную терапию пострадавших существенно улучшает результаты лечения. Об этом свидетельствует увеличение числа больных, у которых лечение закончилось выздоровлением без ампутаций, снижением количества операций с минимальным уровнем ампутаций и отсутствием операций, приводящих к инвалидизации пациентов, а также положительной динамикой показателей коагуляционного гемостаза.
ДИНАМИКА УРОВНЕЙ ЦИТОКИНОВ ПРИ ЛЕЧЕНИИ БОЛЬНЫХ ИНДОЛЕНТНЫМИ НЕХОДЖКИНСКИМИ ЛИМФОМАМИ
Creators: name: Докшина И.А.
name: Йовдий А.В.
name: Назарова Е.Л.
name: Шардаков В.И.
Publisher: name: Вятский медицинский вестник
Year: 2021
Subjects: цитокины
полихимиотерапия
неходжкинская лимфома
иммунитет
субпопуляции Т-лимфоцитов

description: Цель работы: оценка динамики уровней цитокинов на фоне лечения больных неходжкинскими лимфомами (НХЛ) с индолентным течением. Обьект исследования: 85 пациентов с индолентным (доброкачественным) течением НХЛ, у которых оценивалась концентрация 9 основных цитокинов (ФНО-α, ИЛ-1β, -2, -4, -6, -8, -10, ИФН-α и -γ) при верификации диагноза и после 3 курсов полихимиотерапии (R-CHOP). Исследование цитокинов проводили в культуре мононуклеаров, а также в сыворотке крови. Анализировали взаимосвязь уровней цитокинов с количественным составом Т-звена иммунитета. В качестве контроля использовали данные, полученные у 50 здоровых людей-доноров крови и её компонентов. В дебюте заболевания и после 3 курсов ПХТ установлено снижение спонтанной секреции мононуклеарами ряда цитокинов: ФНО-α, ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-4 и ИЛ-10, в то же время наблюдался рост продукции ИЛ-2. При стимулировании клеток ФГА дополнительно к названным снижался уровень ИЛ-2 и ИЛ-8. После химиотерапии восстанавливалась продукция клетками ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-8 и ИЛ-10. В сыворотке крови пациентов до лечения наблюдались низкие значения уровней ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-2 на фоне роста концентрации ИЛ-10, который обладает свойствами блокировать клеточный иммунитет. Возможно, по этой причине происходило снижение числа субпопуляций Т-клеток у наблюдаемых больных.
The Emergence of Classicality via Decoherence Described by Lindblad Operators
Creators: name: Gallis, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zurek, Habib and Paz [W. H. Zurek, S. Habib and J. P. Paz, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 70} (1993)\ 1187] have characterized the set of states of maximal stability defined as the set of states having minimum entropy increase due to interaction with an environment, and shown that coherent states are maximal for the particular environment model examined. To generalize these results, I consider entropy production within the Lindblad theory of open systems, treating environment effects perturbatively. I characterize the maximally predicitive states which emerge from several forms of effective dynamics, including decoherence from spatially correlated noise. Under a variety of conditions, coherent states emerge as the maximal states.
description: 14 pages, RevTeX 3.0
Calycanthus floridus Linnaeus 1759
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Laurales
Calycanthaceae
Calycanthus
Calycanthus floridus

description: Calycanthus floridus Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1066. 1759.
["Habitat in Carolina."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 718 (1762). RCN: 3812.
 Lectotype (Nicely in Castanea 30: 66. 1965): Miller, Herb. Linn. No. 660.1 (LINN; iso- BM).
 Generitype of Calycanthus Linnaeus, nom. cons.
 Current name:  Calycanthus floridus  L. (Calycanthaceae).
 Note: Calycanthus Linnaeus, nom. cons, against Basteria Mill.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part C), pp. 370-473 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 376, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Assessment of Defects in the Quality of Rural Road Construction Projects: -A Case Study on Fiche-Gerbagurecha Flexible Pavement Road
Creators: name: Gemechu Mechessa
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019
Subjects: Pavement defects, pavement evaluation, type and severity level of distress, PCI value, pavement maintenance.

description: The main objective of this study is to assess defects in rural flexible pavement road projects in-order to identify appropriate type maintenance needs for the projects. Pavement maintenance work is performed from time to time to keep a pavement under normal conditions of as nearly as possible in its as-constructed condition. The selection of the right maintenance strategy at the right time is the most importance for an effective management of highway pavements. The appropriate maintenance strategy will be influenced by the type, severity, and extent of the pavement surface distresses and the structural and roughness condition of the pavement.
 The purpose of pavement maintenance is to correct deficiencies caused by distresses and to protect the pavement from further damage. A condition rating of the pavement will help determine what pavement maintenance technique is necessary. To identify maintenance type and rehabilitation need for the road, Pavement condition assessment is done by collecting condition survey and IRI as input data from Ethiopian Roads Authority. In order to obtain an overall assessment of pavement conditions for a road network, it is often necessary to combine individual distress data to form composite index called pavement condition index (PCI) summarizes the condition of each pavement segment. This pavement condition index is used to recommend the type of maintenance required for the road.
 The pavement evaluation results from the manual PCI survey revealed that all sections of road were fair condition. The pavement that has been studied would seem to require maintenance. Thick overlay (sometimes called surface treating) is needed in a whole pavement
Disordered Kitaev chain with long-range pairing: Loschmidt echo revivals and dynamical phase transitions
Creators: name: Mishra, Utkarsh
name: Jafari, R.
name: Akbari, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the dynamics of long-range Kitaev chain by varying pairing interaction exponent, $α$. It is well known that distinctive characteristics on the nonequilibrium dynamics of a closed quantum system are closely related to the equilibrium phase transitions. Specifically, the return probability of the system to its initial state (Loschmidt echo), in the finite size system, is expected to exhibit very nice periodicity after a sudden quench to a quantum critical point. Where the periodicity of the revivals scales inversely with the maximum of the group velocity. We show that, contrary to expectations, the periodicity of the return probability breaks for a sudden quench to the non-trivial quantum critical point. Further, We find that, the periodicity of return probability scales inversely with the group velocity at the gap closing point for a quench to the trivial critical point of truly long-range pairing case, $α< 1$. In addition, analyzing the effect of averaging quenched disorder shows that the revivals in the short range pairing cases are more robust against disorder than that of the long rang pairing case. We also study the effect of disorder on the non-analyticities of rate function of the return probability which introduced as a witness of the dynamical phase transition. We exhibit that, the non-analyticities in the rate function of return probability are washed out in the presence of strong disorders.
description: 13+ pages, 8 figures, new results added
Additional file 3: of Adaption to glucose limitation is modulated by the pleotropic regulator CcpA, independent of selection pressure strength
Creators: name: Price, Claire
name: Santos, Filipe Branco Dos
name: Hesseling, Anne
name: Uusitalo, Jaakko
name: Bachmann, Herwig
name: Benavente, Vera
name: Anisha Goel
name: Berkhout, Jan
name: Bruggeman, Frank
name: Siewert-Jan Marrink
name: Montalban-Lopez, Manolo
name: Jong, Anne
name: Kok, Jan
name: Molenaar, Douwe
name: Poolman, Bert
name: Teusink, Bas
name: Kuipers, Oscar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) detected in adapted strains. (DOCX 25 kb)
Metal-Insulator oscillations in a Two-dimensional Electron-Hole system
Creators: name: Nicholas, R. J.
name: Takashina, K.
name: Lakrimi, M.
name: Kardynal, B.
name: Khym, S.
name: Mason, N. J.
name: Symons, D. M.
name: Maude, D. K.
name: Portal, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical transport properties of a bipolar InAs/GaSb system have been studied in magnetic field. The resistivity oscillates between insulating and metallic behaviour while the quantum Hall effect shows a digital character oscillating from 0 to 1 conducatance quantum e^2/h. The insulating behaviour is attributed to the formation of a total energy gap in the system. A novel looped edge state picture is proposed associated with the appearance of a voltage between Hall probes which is symmetric on magnetic field reversal.
description: 4 pages, 5 Postscript figures: revised version
Additional file 1: of Burden of shoulder and/neck pain among school teachers in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Melaku Temesgen
name: Gashaw Belay
name: Asmare Gelaw
name: Balamurugan Janakiraman
name: Yaregal Animut
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Ethiopian school teacher shoulder/and neck pain questionnaire. This questionnaire has five categories of independent variables and one category for the dependent variable. A questionnaire was structured from similar studies for socio-demographic, behavioral, work related physical factors, comorbidities, and psychosocial factors. Tools used to assess shoulder/neck pain was adapted from the standardized Nordic questionnaire and modified to local context. (PDF 1182 kb)