cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Preparing behavioral health clinicians for success and retention in rural safety net practices
Creators: name: Pathman, Donald E.
name: Seel, Jessica
name: Lombardi, Brianna M.
name: Gingras, Mandi
name: Fannell, Jackie
name: de Saxe Zerden, Lisa
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: PURPOSE: This study assesses how, among behavioral health clinicians working in rural safety net practices, the amount of exposure to care in rural underserved communities received during training relates to confidence in skills important in their work settings, successes in jobs and communities, and anticipated retention.
METHODS: This study uses survey data from Licensed Clinical Social Workers, Licensed Professional Counselors, and Psychologists working in rural safety net practices in 21 states while receiving educational loan repayment support from the National Health Service Corps, from 2015 to April 2022.
FINDINGS: Of the 778 survey respondents working in rural counties, 486 (62.5%) reported they had formal education experiences with medically underserved populations during their professional training, for a median of 47 weeks. In analyses adjusting for potential confounders, the estimated amount of rural training exposure was positively associated with a variety of indicators of clinicians' integration and fit with their communities as well as with longer anticipated retention within their rural safety net practices. The amount of training in care for rural underserved populations was not associated with clinicians' confidence levels in various professional skills or successes in their work, including connection with patients and work satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS: Formal training in care for underserved populations is a large part of the education of behavioral health clinicians who later work in rural safety net practices. More training in rural underserved care for these clinicians is associated with greater integration and fit in their communities and longer anticipated retention in their practices, but not with skills confidence or practice outcomes.
Low incidence of IgA nephropathy in Blacks
Creators: name: Jennette, J. Charles
name: Wilkman, Alice
name: Wall, Sherri
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: Low incidence of IgA nephropathy in blacks. The clinical and pathologic features were evaluated in 106 IgA nephropathy patients identified in 1,753 consecutive patients undergoing renal biopsy in the southeastern United States. Special attention was paid to the proportion of Blacks among the IgA nephropathy patients compared with non-IgA nephropathy patients, and any differences in clinical or pathologic findings between Whites and Blacks with IgA nephropathy. The incidence of IgA nephropathy was approximately six times lower in Blacks (6 out of 461) than in Whites (100 out of 1,292) undergoing renal biopsy (P < 0.001). There were no morphologic or immunohistopathologic differences between Whites and Blacks with IgA nephropathy. The only clinical difference was a marked shift in the male to female sex ratio from 3.5:1 in Whites to 1:5 in Blacks (P < 0.004). The low incidence and reversed sex ratio of IgA nephropathy in Blacks were also supported by a review of previously published data.
Predstavitev infrastrukture OPERAS in storitve GoTriple: Odkrivanje raziskovalnih rezultatov s področja družboslovja in humanistike
Creators: name: Pogačnik, Aleš
name: Inkret, Ana
name: Brvar, Irena Vipavc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open scholarly communication
open access
open science
social sciences
humanities
OPERAS-SI
GoTriple

description: Predstavitev infrastrukture OPERAS in storitve GoTriple: Odkrivanje raziskovalnih rezultatov s področja družboslovja in humanistike Raziskovalna struktura OPERAS in nacionalno vozlišče Storitve in projekti OPERAS Predstavitev platforme GoTriple Vprašanja in diskusija
Immune complex induced glomerular lesions in C5 sufficient and deficient mice
Creators: name: Falk, Ronald
name: Jennette, J. Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: Immune complex induced glomerular lesions in C5 sufficient and deficient mice. The role in the pathogenesis of immune complex–mediated glomerulonephritis of C5 or some terminal complement component dependent upon C5 for activation was explored in a congenic strain of C5 sufficient (NSN) and C5 deficient (OSN) mice. When these mice were given daily injections of heterologous protein, horse apoferritin (HAF), there were profound differences between the strains in the development of glomerulonephritis and renal dysfunction. When NSN and OSN mice produced low levels of anti-HAF, NSN mice developed extensive glomerular deposits of H AF and immune reactants and a mild proliferative glomerulonephritis. In contrast, comparable OSN mice developed only trace mesangial localization of HAF and no glomerular lesions by light microscopy. When NSN and OSN mice produced high levels of anti-HAF, both strains had equivalent glomerular immune deposits; however, NSN mice developed a severe necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis, while OSN mice had much less glomerular injury. Compared to OSN mice, these NSN mice also had much more severe tubulointerstitial injury, and significantly higher serum creatinine levels. Thus, in this experimental model, the absence of C5 resulted in reduced glomerular immune complex localization when there were small amounts of circulating immune reactants; and in markedly reduced glomerular leukocyte influx, necrosis and crescent formation, when large amounts of immune reactants have localized in glomeruli. These effects could be mediated by C5 (such as C5a) or by some terminal complement component(s) dependent upon C5 for activation.
title: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in cancer survivors: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Squires, Lauren
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Background: Cancer survivors are at greater risk of insomnia relative to the general population. The evidence for the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) amongst cancer survivors continues to grow. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to provide an up-to-date assessment of the efficacy of CBT-I in cancer survivors and explore its effect on comorbid symptoms. Method: Searches were conducted of PubMed, EMBase, PsycINFO, clinicaltrials.gov and the World Health Organization’s international clinical trials registry for studies published up to August 2020. Studies were included if they assessed the efficacy of CBT-I for improving insomnia severity in adults diagnosed with cancer. Our primary measure of interest was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes included: actigraphy and diary measured sleep continuity, subjective sleep quality, fatigue, mood, quality of life, and pain severity. The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020169986). Results: Twenty-two studies including 1461 participants met the eligibility criteria. CBT-I significantly improved insomnia severity (Hedges’ g = 0.78 and a 7.81-point decrease in mean ISI score), with durable benefits at 3- and 6-month follow-up. CBT-I produced significant small to large effects for the following secondary outcomes: sleep efficiency (sleep diary: g = 0.71 and a 12.32% increase), wake after sleep onset (actigraphy: g = 0.21 and a 10.61-minute decrease; sleep diary: g = 0.60 and a 26.24-minute decrease), total sleep time (actigraphy: g = 0.30 and a 23.29-minute decrease; sleep diary: g = 0.21 and a 30.12-minute increase), sleep onset latency (actigraphy: g = 0.29 and a 3.40-minute decrease; sleep diary: g = 0.65 and a 20.58-minute decrease), sleep quality (g = 0.70 and a 4.62-point decrease in mean PSQI score), anxiety (g = 0.28), depression (g = 0.31), fatigue (g = 0.35), and overall quality of life (g = 0.31). There were insufficient data to analyse the effect of CBT-I on pain outcomes. Subgroup analyses revealed no significant difference between in-person and self-help CBT-I, and effects were stronger for trials that used non-active comparison groups. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the robust efficacy and durability of CBT-I for the treatment of insomnia in cancer survivors and supports that CBT-I can produce concomitant benefits on other symptoms. Implementation efforts are needed to ensure that people with cancer have access to CBT-I as the recommended first-line treatment for insomnia.
Asymptotic analysis of a boundary-value problem in a thin cascade domain with a local joint
Creators: name: Klevtsovskiy, A. V.
name: Mel'nyk, T. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35C20, 35B40, 35J05, 74K30

description: A nonuniform Neumann boundary-value problem is considered for the Poisson equation in a thin domain $Ω_\varepsilon$ coinciding with two thin rectangles connected through a joint of diameter ${\cal O}(\varepsilon)$. A rigorous procedure is developed to construct the complete asymptotic expansion for the solution as the small parameter $\varepsilon \to 0.$ Energetic and uniform pointwise estimates for the difference between the solution of the starting problem $(\varepsilon >0)$ and the solution of the corresponding limit problem $(\varepsilon =0)$ are proved, from which the influence of the geometric irregularity of the joint is observed.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures
History of the urinary concentrating mechanism
Creators: name: Gottschalk, Carl W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: Although the processes that generate the osmotic gradients in the inner medulla remain controversial, the countercurrent mechanism for the osmotic concentration and dilution of urine is now generally accepted. It was not always so. The mechanism for urinary dilution posed no conceptual difficulties for renal physiologists. Active transport of sodium chloride by a nephron segment whose epithelium had restricted water permeability in the absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), presumably located in the "distal" portion of the uriniferous tubule, was logical and based on proven and analogous processes. It was also obvious that when its water permeability was increased by ADH, water transport would be closely coupled to solute transport and reabsorbate and tubular fluid would be isosmotic. It appeared necessary to postulate the active transport of water as the final step in the production of urine which was hyperosmotic to the body fluids. Despite the fact that there was no proven example of active water transport in the animal kingdom, active water transport by the cells of the collecting ducts was proposed and was generally accepted. The simple biological solution of establishing by solute transport a hypertonic environment in an anatomically restricted portion of the kidney such that all water transport could be postulated as passive was not obvious and was scorned when proposed.
The bulk flow motion and the Hubble-Lema\^ıtre law in the Local Universe with the ALFALFA survey
Creators: name: Avila, Felipe
name: Oliveira, Jezebel
name: Dias, Mariana L. S.
name: Bernui, Armando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The knowledge of the main features of the bulk flow in the Local Universe is important for a better determination of the relative motions there, an information that would contribute to a precise calculation of the Hubble-Lema\^ıtre law at very low redshifts. We study how to obtain the Hubble-Lema\^ıtre law in two sky regions using the catalog of HI sources of the ALFALFA survey, with data $cz_{\odot} < 6000$ km/s. Our methodology aims to compute $H_0$ in two regions -- located in opposite galactic hemispheres -- mapped by the ALFALFA survey, and look for dependence with distance, direction, and also test for reference frame changes. We calculate the Hubble constant, in the Cosmic Microwave Background reference frame, in opposite galactic hemispheres: $H_0^N = 70.87 \pm 2.38$ and $H_0^S = 66.07 \pm 3.02$, which allows us to measure the bulk flow velocity $V_{BF} = 401.06 \pm 150.55$ km/s at the effective distance $31.3 \pm 6.26$ Mpc, a novel result found analysing the ALFALFA data at low redshift. We confirm the influence of the bulk flow on the structures of the Local Universe which manifests through a dipolar behavior of the Hubble constant in opposite hemispheres.
Protective effect of prostacyclin on postischemic acute renal failure in the rat
Creators: name: Hak, Lawrence
name: Finn, William
name: Grossman, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: Infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) reportedly attenuates renal ischemic injury in the dog and the rat. In the dog, PGI2 is a potent renal vasodilator; in the rat a direct action on the renal vasculature is not always apparent. To determine whether or not the protective effect of PGI2 on postischemic ARF was hemodynamically mediated, studies were performed in uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats before and after a 40 minute period of complete renal artery occlusion. In response to the preischemic infusion of PGI2 for 30 minutes at 160 ng/kg body wt/min i.v. (N = 7), MAP and RBF fell to 86 +/- 7% (P less than 0.0001) and 84 +/- 9% (P less than 0.05) of baseline values, respectively. RVR initially declined to 81 +/- 9% of baseline values (P less than 0.025) but returned to 102 +/- 13% of baseline values prior to the period of ischemia. Following the period of ischemia, reflow of blood in the rats receiving PGI2 was delayed when compared to rats not receiving PGI2 (N = 7). RBF returned to only 76 +/- 19% of the initial values in PGI2-treated rats (P less than 0.01) but to 90 +/- 12% of the initial values in rats receiving buffer alone (NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
(100340) George Kirkhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Prevention of ischemic injury in renal transplantation
Creators: name: Finn, William F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: The prospective donor was a 17-year-old white female who had sustained a severe head injury in a motor vehicle accident. By the time she was brought to the Emergency Room, she had evidence of cerebral edema and increased intracerebral pressure; she was given intravenous dexamethasone, 10 mg, and mannitol, 100 ml of a 25% solution. Intravenous naloxone, 2 mg, was given empirically but had no effect on her neurologic condition. Surgical exploration of her wounds required the use of pancuronium, fentanyl, and thiamylal as anesthetic agents. In addition, she was given 100 mg of phenytoin intramuscularly to prevent seizures; 1 g of cefazolin intravenously as infection prophylaxis; and 300 mg of cimetidine intravenously to prevent gastric ulcers.
(100342) Catherine Kirkhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Variability in Proto-Planetary Nebulae: IV. Light Curve Analyses of Four Oxygen-Rich, F Spectral-Type Objects
Creators: name: Hrivnak, Bruce J.
name: Lu, Wenxian
name: Nault, Kristie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new light curves covering 14 to 19 years of observations of four bright proto-planetary nebulae (PPNs), all O-rich and of F spectral type. They each display cyclical light curves with significant variations in amplitude. All four were previously known to vary in light. Our data were combined with published data and searched for periodicity. The results are as follows: IRAS 19475+3119 (HD 331319; 41.0 days), 17436+5003 (HD 161796; 45.2 days), 19386+0155 (101.8 days), and 18095+2704 (113.3 days). The two longer periods are in agreement with previous studies while the two shorter periods each reveal for the first time reveal a dominant period over these long observing intervals. Multiple periods were also found for each object. The secondary periods were all close to the dominant periods, with P2/P1 ranging from 0.86 to 1.06. The variations in color reveal maximum variations in T(eff) of 400 to 770 K. These variations are due to pulsations in these post-AGB objects. Maximum seasonal light variations are all less than 0.23 mag (V), consistent for their temperatures and periods with the results of Hrivnak et al. (2010) for 12 C-rich PPNs. For all of these PPNs, there is an inverse relationship between period and temperature; however, there is a suggestion that the period-temperature relationship may be somewhat steeper for the O-rich than for the C-rich PPNs.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, to appear in the Astronomical Journal
(100344) Robert Kirkhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(100338) Ann Kirkhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
What Can MR Spectroscopy Measures of Occipital GABA tellabout Visual Plasticity in Human Adult?
Creators: name: Proulx, Sébastien
name: Sheynin, Yasha
name: Hess, Robert
name: Farivar, Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: adults
GABA
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
MEG
Normal Human
Perception
Plasticity
Vision
Monocular Deprivation
Ocular Dominance Plasticity
Binocular Combination
Homeostatic Plasticity

description: Abstract submitted and accepted by OHBM 2020. Latest 2020/12/19. Poster presented at OHBM 2020.
(100339) Elizabeth Kirkhouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies stimulate neutrophils to damage human endothelial cells
Creators: name: Jennette, J. Charles
name: Ewert, Brian
name: Falk, Ronald
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies stimulate neutrophils to damage human endothelial cells. Anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies are found in association with idiopathic necrotizing glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis. It is not known if their presence is an epiphenomen or an integral part of the pathogenic process. To further delineate their hypothesized pathogenicity, we studied their ability to stimulate neutrophils to damage human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. Anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies from human, rabbit and mouse sources were utilized. These antibodies stimulated neutrophils to damage endothelial cells as determined by 51Cr release. The effect was dependent on priming the neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor-α, and further enhanced with the addition of endotoxin. The amount of endothelial cell damage was dependent on the dose of anti-myeloperoxidase, the source of the neutrophils, the concentration of TNF, and the presence of endotoxin. Under identical conditions, control antibodies did not stimulate neutrophils to damage endothelial cells. The effect was confirmed by labeling the endothelial cells with 3H-adenine which yielded the same results. These results provide further in vitro evidence that anti-myeloperoxidase autoantibodies may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and vasculitis.
Thermodynamics of an Empty Box
Creators: name: Schmitz, Georg J.
name: Vrugt, Michael te
name: Haug-Warberg, Tore
name: Ellingsen, Lodin
name: Needham, Paul
name: Wittkowski, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gas in a box is perhaps the most important model system studied in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Usually, studies focus on the gas, whereas the box merely serves as an idealized confinement. The present article focuses on the box as the central object and develops a thermodynamic theory by treating the geometric degrees of freedom of the box as the degrees of freedom of a thermodynamic system. Applying standard mathematical methods to the thermodynamics of an empty box allows equations with the same structure as those of cosmology and classical and quantum mechanics to be derived. The simple model system of an empty box is shown to have interesting connections to classical mechanics, special relativity, and quantum field theory.
On Kac's principle of not feeling the boundary for the Kohn Laplacian on the Heisenberg group
Creators: name: Ruzhansky, Michael
name: Suragan, Durvudkhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35R03, 35S15

description: In this note we construct an integral boundary condition for the Kohn Laplacian in a given domain on the Heisenberg group extending to the setting of the Heisenberg group M. Kac's "principle of not feeling the boundary". This also amounts to finding the trace on smooth surfaces of the Newton potential associated to the Kohn Laplacian. We also obtain similar results for higher powers of the Kohn Laplacian.
description: 14 pages
Unveiling Stigma: ADDRESSING MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Creators: name: Centre for Development Policy and Practice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Understanding the importance of an individual's menstrual health is crucial to their well-being and that of their family and community. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, including India, societal norms, cultural practices, and institutional biases often hinder individuals from accessing the necessary menstrual health care. This persistent issue of inadequate menstrual health and hygiene management continues to be one of the most pressing development challenges today. Menstruation is a natural physiological process that occurs in adolescent girls, pre-menopausal women, transgender men, and non-binary individuals of reproductive age. The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme in 2012 gave a broad definition of Menstrual Hygiene Management as: “Women and adolescent girls use hygienic materials to absorb or collect menstrual blood, which can be changed in privacy as often as necessary for the duration of a menstrual period, use soap and water for washing the body as required, and have access to safe and convenient materials to dispose of used materials. They understand the basic facts linked to the menstrual cycle and how to manage it with dignity and without discomfort or fear.” The process of menstruation requires the availability of resources for absorbing or collecting menstrual blood, promoting personal hygiene, and ensuring the proper disposal of waste, ideally in a private setting. This definition is widely used, and discussions around challenges of menstruation are restricted to hygiene issues; however, it needs to go beyond hygiene and include social and psychological components, the health impact of menstrual experience, and gender-diverse populations (Hennegan et al., 2021). A more inclusive definition is that menstrual health encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being throughout the menstrual cycle of women, girls, and all other individuals who menstruate. It involves access to accurate information, supportive hygiene practices, timely care for discomforts, a stigma-free environment, and the freedom to participate fully in all aspects of life without discrimination or violence (Hennegan et al., 2021). So, it becomes necessary to understand where India stands on various aspects related to menstrual health and hygiene and identify places that require attention. On those lines, this paper explores data on the usage of menstrual products using National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data, the challenges and intersections of maintaining menstrual health and hygiene, menstrual waste management, what India is doing to address the challenges, international perspectives, and the way forward.
Identifying new ligands for the SARS-CoV-2 Macrodomain by Fragment Screening and Multi-temperature Crystallography
Creators: name: Fraser, James S
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: coronavirus
macrodomain
fragment screening
X-ray crystallography

description: Macrodomain is a compelling target for SARS-CoV-2, but there are no inhibitors (or even starting points for inhibitors). The QCRG Structural Biology Consortium performed a crystallographic fragments screen, identifying a few small molecules to kick-start our work to develop an inhibitor. Our friends in the UK, Ivan Ahel’s lab and X-Chem, did something similar and found even more fragment starting points. We are releasing the data together! This record has the data available here: https://fraserlab.com/macrodomain/ prior to public release on July 9, 2020.
Network Inspection Using Heterogeneous Sensors for Detecting Strategic Attacks
Creators: name: McCann, Bobak
name: Dahan, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a two-player network inspection game, in which a defender allocates sensors with potentially heterogeneous detection capabilities in order to detect multiple attacks caused by a strategic attacker. The objective of the defender (resp. attacker) is to minimize (resp. maximize) the expected number of undetected attacks by selecting a potentially randomized inspection (resp. attack) strategy. We analytically characterize Nash equilibria of this large-scale zero-sum game when every vulnerable network component can be monitored from a unique sensor location. We then leverage our equilibrium analysis to design a heuristic solution approach based on minimum set covers for computing inspection strategies in general. Our computational results on a benchmark cyber-physical distribution network illustrate the performance and computational tractability of our solution approach.
Encoding Spike Patterns in Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks
Creators: name: Gardner, Brian
name: Sporea, Ioana
name: Grüning, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information encoding in the nervous system is supported through the precise spike-timings of neurons; however, an understanding of the underlying processes by which such representations are formed in the first place remains unclear. Here we examine how networks of spiking neurons can learn to encode for input patterns using a fully temporal coding scheme. To this end, we introduce a learning rule for spiking networks containing hidden neurons which optimizes the likelihood of generating desired output spiking patterns. We show the proposed learning rule allows for a large number of accurate input-output spike pattern mappings to be learnt, which outperforms other existing learning rules for spiking neural networks: both in the number of mappings that can be learnt as well as the complexity of spike train encodings that can be utilised. The learning rule is successful even in the presence of input noise, is demonstrated to solve the linearly non-separable XOR computation and generalizes well on an example dataset. We further present a biologically plausible implementation of backpropagated learning in multilayer spiking networks, and discuss the neural mechanisms that might underlie its function. Our approach contributes both to a systematic understanding of how pattern encodings might take place in the nervous system, and a learning rule that displays strong technical capability.
description: 31 pages, 14 figures
A formula for the Dubrovnik polynomial of rational knots
Creators: name: Caprau, Carmen
name: Urabe, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 57M25

description: We provide a formula for the Dubrovnik polynomial of a rational knot in terms of the entries of the tuple associated with a braid-form diagram of the knot. Our calculations can be easily carried out using a computer algebra system.
description: 29 pages, many figures
Renal handling of silicon in normals and patients with renal insufficiency
Creators: name: Gitelman, Hillel
name: Perry, Samuel
name: Alderman, Frances
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Renal handling of silicon in normals and patients with renal insufficiency. We have compared the renal handling of silicon in 16 patients with renal insufficiency to 14 normal individuals. Silicon, phosphate and creatinine were measured in plasma and urine samples. The renal insufficiency group showed significant increases in plasma silicon (1.28 ± 0.19 vs. 0.17 ± 0.03 mg/liter), creatinine (5.19 ± 0.85 vs. 0.89 ± 0.03 mg/dl) and phosphate (1.33 ± 0.11 vs. 1.07 ± 0.4 mmol/liter). Fractional phosphate excretion was increased in the renal insufficiency group (0.55 ± 0.07 vs. 0.14 ± 0.01). In contrast, the fractional excretion of ultrafiltrable silicon was not significantly different between groups (0.78 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.06). It is concluded that renal insufficiency does not alter the tubular handling of silicon and that regulatory control of silicon excretion is unlikely.
Extending the Scope of Conceptual Density Functional Theory with Second Order Analytical Methodologies
Creators: name: Geerlings, Paul
name: Liu, Shubin
name: De Proft, Frank
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Year: 2024

description: In the context of the growing impact of conceptual density functional theory (DFT) as one of the most successful chemical reactivity theories, response functions up to second order have now been widely applied; in recent years, among others, particular attention has been focused on the linear response function and also extensions to higher order have been put forward. As the larger part of these studies have been carried using a finite difference approach to compute these concepts, we now embarked on (an extension of) an analytical approach to conceptual DFT. With the ultimate aim of providing a complete set of analytically computable second order properties, including the softness and hardness kernels, the hardness as the simplest second order response function is scrutinized again with numerical results highlighting the difference in nature between the analytical hardness (referred to as hardness condition) and the Parr-Pearson absolute chemical hardness. The hardness condition is investigated for its capability to gauge the (de)localization error of density functional approximations (DFAs). The analytical Fukui function, besides overcoming the difficulties in the finite difference approach in treating negatively charged systems, also showcases the errors of deviating from the straight-line behavior using fractional occupation number calculations. Subsequently, the softness kernel and its atom-condensed inverse, the hardness matrix, are accessed through the Berkowitz-Parr relation. Revisiting the softness kernel confirms and extends previous discussions on how Kohn's Nearsightedness of Electronic Matter principle can be retrieved and identified as the physicist's version of the chemist's "transferability of functional groups" concept. The accurate, analytical hardness matrix evaluation on the other hand provides further support for the basics of Nalewajski's charge sensitivity analysis. Based on Parr and Liu's functional expansion of the energy functional, a new energy decomposition is introduced with an order of magnitude analysis of the different terms for a series of simple molecules both at their equilibrium geometry and upon variation in bond length and dihedral angle. Finally, for the first time, the perturbation expansion of the energy functional is studied numerically up to second order now that all response functions and integration techniques are at hand. The perturbation expansion energies are in excellent agreement with those obtained directly from DFA calculations giving confidence in the convergence of the perturbation series and its use in judging the importance of the different terms in reactivity investigations.
title: An examination of layperson perceptions of the use of explicit and implicit social influence strategies in witness interviews
Creators: name: Fallon, Laura
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: The use of social influence in witness interviews, particularly implicit influence strategies, is an emerging practical and scholarly concern. In particular, how laypeople perceive such strategies is critically important, as they may one day serve as jury members tasked with evaluating witness evidence. Across four experiments, layperson perceptions of the use of explicit and implicit influence strategies in witness interviews were examined. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 293) read a witness interview transcript in which the interviewer employed an explicit influence strategy (i.e., threat), implicit strategy (i.e., minimization), or no strategy, and answered questions about the exchange between interviewer and interviewee. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 293) viewed an excerpt from a witness interview in which the interviewer used one of six influence strategies (i.e., threat, explicit leniency, four types of minimization) or no strategy, and rated the consequences the witness would face if they complied with the interviewer or failed to do so, and various aspects of the interviewer’s behaviour. In Experiment 3 and 4 (N’s = 286), participants read a transcript of a simulated murder trial where an explicit or implicit social influence tactic was used to convince an alibi witness to change his story (threat, explicit leniency, high-level minimization, low-level minimization, unprompted change, no-change). Participants were asked to render a verdict and answer questions about the alibi witness interview described in the transcript. The results from the first two experiments, in line with previous research, indicated that while laypeople can detect the message conveyed by implicit influence strategies, they do not fully recognize the potential risk of using such strategies. While Experiment 3 and 4 indicated that the use of explicit or implicit influence strategies did not impact verdicts – which is in line with findings in the suspect literature – there was also no impact of the alibi witness’ testimony on verdicts at all, suggesting that there are fundamental differences between witness admissions and confessions from suspects when it comes to their impact on courtroom decisions. Implications of these findings for the evaluation of witness statements in the courtroom are discussed.
Context Understanding in Computer Vision: A Survey
Creators: name: Wang, Xuan
name: Zhu, Zhigang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contextual information plays an important role in many computer vision tasks, such as object detection, video action detection, image classification, etc. Recognizing a single object or action out of context could be sometimes very challenging, and context information may help improve the understanding of a scene or an event greatly. Appearance context information, e.g., colors or shapes of the background of an object can improve the recognition accuracy of the object in the scene. Semantic context (e.g. a keyboard on an empty desk vs. a keyboard next to a desktop computer ) will improve accuracy and exclude unrelated events. Context information that are not in the image itself, such as the time or location of an images captured, can also help to decide whether certain event or action should occur. Other types of context (e.g. 3D structure of a building) will also provide additional information to improve the accuracy. In this survey, different context information that has been used in computer vision tasks is reviewed. We categorize context into different types and different levels. We also review available machine learning models and image/video datasets that can employ context information. Furthermore, we compare context based integration and context-free integration in mainly two classes of tasks: image-based and video-based. Finally, this survey is concluded by a set of promising future directions in context learning and utilization.
Collapsing glomerulopathy: A clinically and pathologically distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Creators: name: Detwiler, Randal
name: Jennette, J. Charles
name: Falk, Ronald
name: Hogan, Susan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Collapsing glomerulopathy: A clinically and pathologically distinct variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sixteen patients with renal biopsy findings of extensive focal glomerular capillary collapse, visceral epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and variable degrees of tubulointerstitial injury in the absence of evidence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or intravenous drug abuse were prospectively identified by renal biopsy. The pathologic process was designated collapsing glomerulopathy to distinguish it from other patterns of focal glomerular sclerosis. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of these 16 patients were analyzed and compared to a group of 25 patients with noncollapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Thirteen of 16 patients with collapsing glomerulopathy were black as compared with 11 of 25 with FSGS (P = 0.018). The most common findings at presentation were hypertension and manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome. Although the duration of symptoms prior to presentation was no longer in the collapsing glomerulopathy group, the presenting mean serum creatinine was higher in patients with collapsing glomerulopathy than in those with noncollapsing FSGS (3.5 ± 3.4 mg/dl vs. 1.3 0.6 mg/dl, P = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour urine protein excretion was also higher in the collapsing glomerulopathy group (13.2 ± 7.7 g/day vs. 4.6 ± 4.5 g/day FSGS, P = 0.005). The collapsing glomerulopathy patients had a mean age of 41.4 ± 19.1 (range 19 to 81), a male-to-female ratio of 11:5 and a black-to-white ratio of 13:3. Renal survival, evaluated by life-table analysis, was markedly worse in collapsing glomerulopathy patients than in FSGS patients (P = 0.0004). It is proposed that collapsing glomerulopathy is a distinct entity characterized by black racial predominance, massive proteinuria, relatively rapidly progressive renal insufficiency, and distinctive pathologic findings. The data suggest that collapsing glomerulopathy is clinically, pathologically, and epidemiologically different from noncollapsing FSGS. Although collapsing glomerulopathy resembles HIV-nephropathy both pathologically and clinically, it differs clinically by having no evidence for associated HIV infection and differs pathologically by lacking endothelial tubuloreticular inclusions.
Multi-meson Yukawa interactions at criticality
Creators: name: Vacca, Gian Paolo
name: Zambelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical behavior of a relativistic $\mathbb{Z}_2$-symmetric Yukawa model at zero temperature and density is discussed for a continuous number of fermion degrees of freedom and of spacetime dimensions, with emphasis on the role played by multi-meson exchange in the Yukawa sector. We argue that this should be generically taken into account in studies based on the functional renormalization group, either in four-dimensional high-energy models or in lower-dimensional condensed-matter systems. By means of the latter method, we describe the generation of multi-critical models in less then three dimensions, both at infinite and finite number of flavors. We also provide different estimates of the critical exponents of the chiral Ising universality class in three dimensions for various field contents, from a couple of massless Dirac fermions down to the supersymmetric theory with a single Majorana spinor.
description: 52 pages, 18 figures
Banner del proyecto Análisis del impacto de la recolección de papel en la escuela secundaria Pedro Pablo Sánchez y su contribución a la reducción de la huella de carbono.
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Jheral
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Se presenta el banner del proyecto "Análisis del impacto de la recolección de papel en la escuela secundaria Pedro Pablo Sánchez y su contribución a la reducción de la huella de carbono". En él se destacan nuestras motivaciones, las metodologías empleadas, los resultados obtenidos, así como las conclusiones y recomendaciones propuestas.
Induced superconductivity in high mobility two dimensional electron gas in GaAs heterostructures
Creators: name: Wan, Zhong
name: Kazakov, Aleksandr
name: Manfra, Michael J.
name: Pfeiffer, Loren N.
name: West, Ken W.
name: Rokhinson, Leonid P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Introduction of a Josephson field effect transistor (JoFET) concept sparked active research on proximity effects in semiconductors. Induced superconductivity and electrostatic control of critical current has been demonstrated in two-dimensional gases in InAs, graphene and topological insulators, and in one-dimensional systems including quantum spin Hall edges. Recently, interest in superconductor-semiconductor interfaces was renewed by the search for Majorana fermions, which were predicted to reside at the interface. More exotic non-Abelian excitations, such as parafermions (fractional Majorana fermions) or Fibonacci fermions may be formed when fractional quantum Hall edge states interface with superconductivity. In this paper we develop transparent superconducting contacts to high mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs and demonstrate induced superconductivity across several microns. Supercurrent in a ballistic junction has been observed across 0.6 $μ$m of 2DEG, a regime previously achieved only in point contacts but essential to the formation of well separated non-Abelian states. High critical fields ($>16$ Tesla) in NbN contacts enables investigation of a long-sought regime of an interplay between superconductivity and strongly correlated states in a 2DEG at high magnetic fields.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Natural Standard Model Alignment in the Two Higgs Doublet Model
Creators: name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current LHC Higgs data provide strong constraints on possible deviations of the couplings of the observed 125 GeV Higgs boson from the Standard Model (SM) expectations. Therefore, it now becomes compelling that any extended Higgs sector must comply with the so-called SM alignment limit. In the context of the Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), this alignment is often associated with either decoupling of the heavy Higgs sector or accidental cancellations in the 2HDM potential. Here we present a new solution realizing natural alignment based on symmetries, without decoupling or fine-tuning. In particular, we show that in 2HDMs where both Higgs doublets acquire vacuum expectation values, there exist only three different symmetry realizations leading to natural alignment. We discuss some phenomenological implications of the Maximally-Symmetric 2HDM based on SO(5) symmetry group and analyze new collider signals for the heavy Higgs sector, involving third-generation quarks, which can be a useful observational tool during the Run-II phase of the LHC.
description: 15 pages, 1 table, 8 figures; Contribution to the Proceedings of DISCRETE 2014, London