cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Determinants for gallstone formation – a new data cohort study and a systematic review with meta-analysis*
Creators: name: Shabanzadeh, Daniel Mønsted
name: Sørensen, Lars Tue
name: Jørgensen, Torben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Only few determinants of gallstone formation have been identified in cohort studies. The aim was to identify further determinants for gallstones in a Danish cohort and to perform a meta-analysis of results from existing cohorts. Material and methods: Data from a cohort study was used. Gallstone incidence was assessed through repeated ultrasound examinations. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, self-rated health, lifestyle variables, blood lipids, and use of female sex hormones were measured at the baseline examination. Statistical analyses included logistic regression. Based on a prospective protocol, a systematic review of the literature was performed identifying all articles dealing with determinants of incident gallstones. Meta-analyses of comparable determinants were performed through fixed effect models. Results: Participants with no gallstones at baseline and with at least one re-examination were followed-up completely (mean 11.6 years, N = 2848). The overall cumulative incidence of gallstones was 0.60% per year. Independent positive determinants for incident gallstones were age, female sex, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol, and gallbladder polyps. In addition, BMI was positively associated in men. The systematic review additionally identified associations for comorbidities, parity, and dietary factors. Meta-analysis confirmed the significant associations for incident gallstones and age, female sex, BMI, and non-HDL cholesterol. No significant associations were found for blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, HDL cholesterol, or triglycerides in meta-analyses. Conclusions: Age, female sex, BMI, non-HDL cholesterol, and polyps are independent determinants for gallstone formation. Incident gallstones and the metabolic syndrome share common risk factors. More studies are needed for further exploration.
title: 02_0688
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Driven Gaussian quantum walks
Creators: name: Held, Philip
name: Engelkemeier, Melanie
name: De, Syamsundar
name: Barkhofen, Sonja
name: Sperling, Jan
name: Silberhorn, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum walks function as essential means to implement quantum simulators, allowing one to study complex and often directly inaccessible quantum processes in controllable systems. In this contribution, the notion of a driven Gaussian quantum walk is introduced. In contrast to typically considered quantum walks in optical settings, we describe the operation of the walk in terms of a nonlinear map rather than a unitary operation, e.g., by replacing a beam-splitter-type coin with a two-mode squeezer, being a process that is controlled and driven by a pump field. This opens previously unattainable possibilities for quantum walks that include nonlinear elements as core components of their operation, vastly extending their range of applications. A full framework for driven Gaussian quantum walks is developed, including methods to dynamically characterize nonlinear, quantum, and quantum-nonlinear effects. Moreover, driven Gaussian quantum walks are compared with their classically interfering and linear counterparts, which are based on classical coherence of light rather than quantum superpositions. In particular, the generation and boost of highly multimode entanglement, squeezing, and other quantum effects are studied over the duration of the nonlinear walk. Importantly, we prove the quantumness of the evolution itself, regardless of the input state. A scheme for an experimental realization is proposed. Furthermore, nonlinear properties of driven Gaussian quantum walks are explored, such as amplification that leads to an ever increasing number of correlated quantum particles, constituting a source of new walkers during the walk. Therefore, a concept for quantum walks is proposed that leads to -- and even produces -- directly accessible quantum phenomena, and that renders the quantum simulation of nonlinear processes possible.
description: close to published article
Backbone and shortest-path exponents of the two-dimensional $Q$-state Potts model
Creators: name: Fang, Sheng
name: Ke, Da
name: Zhong, Wei
name: Deng, Youjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Monte Carlo study of the backbone and the shortest-path exponents of the two-dimensional $Q$-state Potts model in the Fortuin-Kasteleyn bond representation. We first use cluster algorithms to simulate the critical Potts model on the square lattice and obtain the backbone exponents $d_{\rm B} = 1.732 \, 0(3)$ and $1.794(2)$ for $Q=2,3$ respectively. However, for large $Q$, the study suffers from serious critical slowing down and slowly converging finite-size corrections. To overcome these difficulties, we consider the O$(n)$ loop model on the honeycomb lattice in the densely packed phase, which is regarded to correspond to the critical Potts model with $Q=n^2$. With a highly efficient cluster algorithm, we determine from domains enclosed by the loops $d_{\rm B} =1.643\,39(5), 1.732\,27(8), 1.793\,8(3), 1.838\,4(5), 1.875\,3(6)$ for $Q = 1, 2, 3, 2 \! + \! \sqrt{3}, 4$, respectively, and $d_{\rm min} = 1.094\,5(2), 1.067\,5(3), 1.047\,5(3), 1.032\,2(4)$ for $Q=2,3, 2+\sqrt{3}, 4$ respectively. Our estimates significantly improve over the existing results for both $d_{\rm B}$ and $d_{\rm min}$. Finally, by studying finite-size corrections in backbone-related quantities, we conjecture an exact formula as a function of $n$ for the leading correction exponent.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Electron-nuclear coherent coupling and nuclear spin readout through optically polarized VB- spin states in hBN
Creators: name: Murzakhanov, Fadis F.
name: Mamin, Georgy V.
name: Orlinskii, Sergei B.
name: Gerstmann, Uwe
name: Schmidt, Wolf G.
name: Biktagirov, Timur
name: Aharonovich, Igor
name: Gottscholl, Andreas
name: Sperlich, Andreas
name: Dyakonov, Vladimir
name: Soltamov, Victor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent coupling of defect spins with surrounding nuclei along with the endowment to read out the latter, are basic requirements for an application in quantum technologies. We show that negatively charged boron vacancies (VB-) in electron-irradiated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) meet these prerequisites. We demonstrate Hahn-echo coherence of the VB- electron spin with a characteristic decay time Tcoh = 15 us, close to the theoretically predicted limit of 18 us for spin defects in hBN. Modulation in the MHz range superimposed on the Hahn-echo decay curve are shown to be induced by coherent coupling of the VB- spin with the three nearest 14N nuclei through a nuclear quadrupole interaction of 2.11 MHz. Supporting DFT calculation confirm that the electron-nuclear coupling is confined to the defective layer. Our findings allow an in-depth understanding of the electron-nuclear interactions of the VB- defect in hBN and demonstrate its strong potential in quantum technologies.
Quantum gravity corrections to the matter dynamics in the presence of a reference fluid
Creators: name: Maniccia, Giulia
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect induced on standard quantum field theory (in functional approach) by quantum gravity corrections to a pure classical background. In the framework of the Kuchař and Torre proposal for a gravity-matter theory constrained to a Gaussian reference frame, materialized as a fluid in the system evolution, we consider a Born-Oppenheimer separation of the system, regarding the gravity degrees of freedom as the slow varying component and the matter plus the Gaussian fluid as fast quantum coordinates. The slow gravity component obeys the Wheeler-DeWitt equation and we consider a Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin expansion of its quantum dynamics via a Planckian parameter. The main issue of the proposed scenario is that, on one hand, we recover a modified quantum field theory in the presence of an Hermitian Hamiltonian (not affected by non-unitarity as in other approaches) and, on the other hand, we get the Gaussian fluid as a physical clock for such amended quantum theory (verifying the correct energy conditions). We also show its equivalence with the kinematical action method, used in a previous work, in the homogeneous setting. Then, we implement the proposed paradigm to describe the dynamics of a homogeneous free massless scalar field, living on an isotropic Universe, in the presence of a cosmological constant. We completely solve the dynamics up to the first order correction in the Planckian parameter to the standard quantum field theory. We determine the explicit form of the modified scalar field wave-function, due to quantum features of the cosmic scale factor evolution. Phenomenological considerations and discussions are provided.
description: 13 pages in RevTeX format, 1 figure. Matches published version
Whatever Happens to Him Happens to Us: Reading Coyote Reading the World
Creators: name: Clifford, Patricia
name: Friesen, Sharon
name: Jardine, David W.
Publisher: name: Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative
Year: 2018

description: This paper explores how a young child, heavily laden with psychologistic "troubles" was recast by a fellow classmate into the trickster figure of Coyote and what differences such recasting made for all concerned.
description: Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative, Vol 35 No 1 (2001)
A Critical Assessment of Dewey's Attack on Dualism
Creators: name: Carson, Robert N.
name: Rowlands, Stuart
Publisher: name: Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative
Year: 2018

description: This paper examines John Dewey's critique of idealism in The Quest for Certainty (1929) and other works and argues that his case was overstated and pedagogically misleading. While dualism has often been regarded primarily as a metaphysical doctrine, its positive value historically has been as a heuristic device, a mode of intellectual scaffolding that reifies thought itself and makes possible instruction in logic, reflective thought, and formal argumentation. A more sympathetic reading of the history looks at classical philosophers and their modern counterparts as workers who contributed to the world rather than hid from it in a realm of idealized perfection. The consequences for education of Dewey's attack on idealism are also examined.
description: Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative, Vol 35 No 1 (2001)
An "Indoctrination Dilemma" in Teacher Education?
Creators: name: Boote, David N.
Publisher: name: Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative
Year: 2018

description: Most contemporary research in teacher education is focused on theories and methods of changing student teachers' beliefs, values , and practices . Unfortunately, researchers and practitioners have paid little attention to the ethical questions surrounding belief change. To stimulate dialogue in this area, this paper contrasts teacher educators desires to change student teachers' beliefs and values with their need to foster professional autonomy. While most teacher educators justify their practices on their good intentions, superior pedagogy , or the importance of their beliefs , enabling student teachers to gain critical competence during their preservice education is arguably just as important. For a variety of epistemological, sociological, and psychological reasons, doing both simultaneously is almost always impossible. This conclusion suggests an unrecognized 'indoctrination dilemma' inherent in preservice teacher education. The paper concludes by suggesting that teacher educators perhaps need to r e-examine their intentions
description: Journal of Educational Thought / Revue de la Pensée Educative, Vol 35 No 1 (2001)
Investigating Cargo Loss in Logistics Systems using Low-Cost Impact Sensors
Creators: name: Gupta, Prasang
name: Young, Antoinette
name: Rao, Anand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cargo loss/damage is a very common problem faced by almost any business with a supply chain arm, leading to major problems like revenue loss and reputation tarnishing. This problem can be solved by employing an asset and impact tracking solution. This would be more practical and effective for high-cost cargo in comparison to low-cost cargo due to the high costs associated with the sensors and overall solution. In this study, we propose a low-cost solution architecture that is scalable, user-friendly, easy to adopt and is viable for a large range of cargo and logistics systems. Taking inspiration from a real-life use case we solved for a client, we also provide insights into the architecture as well as the design decisions that make this a reality.
description: March 26~27, 2022 - Sydney, Australia (11 pages, 4 figures)
High-contrast, speckle-free, true 3D holography via binary CGH optimization
Creators: name: Lee, Byounghyo
name: Kim, Dongyeon
name: Lee, Seungjae
name: Chen, Chun
name: Lee, Byoungho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holography is a promising approach to implement the three-dimensional (3D) projection beyond the present two-dimensional technology. True 3D holography requires abilities of arbitrary 3D volume projection with high-axial resolution and independent control of all 3D voxels. However, it has been challenging to implement the true 3D holography with high-reconstruction quality due to the speckle. Here, we propose the practical solution to realize speckle-free, high-contrast, true 3D holography by combining random-phase, temporal multiplexing, binary holography, and binary optimization. We adopt the random phase for the true 3D implementation to achieve the maximum axial resolution with fully independent control of the 3D voxels. We develop the high-performance binary hologram optimization framework to minimize the binary quantization noise, which provides accurate and high-contrast reconstructions for 2D as well as 3D cases. Utilizing the fast operation of binary modulation, the full-color high-framerate holographic video projection is realized while the speckle noise of random phase is overcome by temporal multiplexing. Our high-quality true 3D holography is experimentally verified by projecting multiple arbitrary dense images simultaneously. The proposed method can be adopted in various applications of holography, where we show additional demonstration that realistic true 3D hologram in VR and AR near-eye displays. The realization will open a new path towards the next generation of holography.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Stacked-Ring Ion Guide for Cooling and Bunching Rare Isotopes
Creators: name: Chen, X.
name: Even, J.
name: Fischer, P.
name: Schlaich, M.
name: Schlathölter, T.
name: Schweikhard, L.
name: Soylu, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In modern rare isotope facilities, ion cooling and bunching lies at the heart of the ion transfer along a low-energy beam line that consists of several differential pumping stages. We present a conceptual design of an ion guide as an alternative to the conventional linear Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) for cooling and bunching rare isotopes. The ion guide is composed of stacked ring electrodes of varying apertures, to which a confining RF potential following a rectangular waveform is applied. The thicknesses of the rings and the gaps in between are varied accordingly to maximize the confining volume and to reduce ion losses. Ion transport within the ion guide is facilitated by a lower-frequency wave traveling on top of the higher-frequency confining field. The former is induced by locally adjusting the duty cycle of the rectangular waveform of the confining potential. Design parameters are first calculated by analytical studies and then optimized by ion trajectory simulations with SIMION. The results show that the ion guide enables high ion transmission and produces well focused ion bunches. It will be used in the NEXT project, an experimental study of atomic masses of Neutron-rich EXotic nuclei produced in multi-nucleon Transfer reactions.
A substituted sulfonamide and its Co (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) complexes as potential antifungal agents
Creators: name: Diaz, Jorge R. A.
name: Baldo, Martín Fernández
name: Echeverría, Gustavo
name: Baldoni, Héctor
name: Vullo, Daniela
name: Soria, Delia B.
name: Supuran, Claudiu T.
name: Camí, Gerardo E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A sulfonamide 1-tosyl-1-H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-amine (TBZA) and three new complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the TBZA, and its Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes, was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. TBZA and its Co(II) complex crystallize in the triclinic P-1 space group, while the Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group. Antifungal activity was screened against eight pathogenic yeasts: Candida albicans (DMic 972576), Candida krusei (DMic 951705), Candida glabrata (DMic 982882), Candida tropicalis (DMic 982884), Candida dubliniensis (DMic 93695), Candida guilliermondii (DMic 021150), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 24067), and Cryptococcus gattii (ATCC MYA-4561). Results on the inhibition of various human (h) CAs, hCA I, II, IV, VII, IX, and XII, and pathogenic beta and gamma CAs are also reported.
title: Effizienzsteigerung von Nachtzügen durch zusätzlichen Tagesbetrieb?
Creators: name: Rüger, Bernhard
name: Traunmüller, Maria
name: Steiner, Florian
name: Michelberger, Frank
name: Sauter-Servaes, Thomas
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2024
Subjects: Nachtreisezüge

description: Der Einsatz von Nachtzug-Rollmaterial auch im Tagesverkehr lässt eine Effizienzsteigerung durch die Reduktion von Stehzeiten erwarten, birgt aber auch zahlreiche Herausforderungen in sich. Im Projekt TANA, welches als F&E-Dienstleistung in Österreich im Rahmen des Programms „Mobilität der Zukunft“ durch das Bundesministerium für Klimaschutz, Umwelt, Energie, Mobilität, Innovation und Technologie (BMK) finanziert und von der Schieneninfrastruktur-Dienstleistungsgesellschaft (SCHIG mbH) inhaltlich begleitet wird, werden Konzepte erarbeitet, welche die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Nachtzügen im Tagesverkehr verbessern sollen.
Spectral Thermal Spreading Resistance of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors in Ballistic-Diffusive Regime
Creators: name: Shen, Yang
name: Hua, Yu-Chao
name: Li, Han-Ling
name: Sobolev, S. L.
name: Cao, Bing-Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To develop efficient thermal management strategies for wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor devices, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the heat transport process within the device and accurately predict the junction temperature. In this paper, we used the phonon Monte Carlo (MC) method with the phonon dispersion of various typical WBG semiconductors, including GaN, SiC, AlN, and \ce{β-Ga_2O_3}, to investigate the thermal spreading resistance in a ballistic-diffusive regime. It was found that when compared with Fourier's law-based predictions, the increase in the thermal resistance caused by ballistic effects was strongly related to different phonon dispersions. Based on the model deduced under the gray-medium approximation and the results of dispersion MC, we obtained a thermal resistance model that can well address the issues of thermal spreading and ballistic effects, and the influences of phonon dispersion. The model can be easily coupled with FEM based thermal analysis and applied to different materials. This paper can provide a clearer understanding of the influences of phonon dispersion on the thermal transport process, and it can be useful for the prediction of junction temperatures and the development of thermal management strategies for WBG semiconductor devices.
Non-destructive Ultrasound Thickness Characterization of Parts Additively Manufactured by Fused Filament Fabrication
Creators: name: Abumettleq, Abdalrahman
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa
Year: 2024

description: Additive manufacturing is progressively gaining prominence as a manufacturing method within the industrial sector, owing to its distinctive capability to fabricate intricate and complex parts. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is an extrusion based additive manufacturing method for fabrication of objects by depositing melted polymers layer-by-layer. Non-destructive thickness assessment assumes a pivotal role in ensuring the reliability and suitability of FFF parts, especially if they are exposed to harsher materials such as exposure to corrosive/abrasive chemicals or slurries. A-scan mode or time-amplitude scan ultrasound testing provides a one-dimensional representation of material interfaces. This method uses sound waves and converts them into spikes that correspond with material interfaces, and therefore is commonly used for parts manufactured with conventional manufacturing methods. However, ultrasound assessment of FFF additively manufactured parts can be challenging due to the layer-by-layer nature of the FFF process, which increases the likelihood of subpar interfaces. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate the use of A-scan ultrasound testing for measuring quality-related metrics of objects fabricated by FFF. The effect of different parameters on the ultrasound measurement such as infill patterns, infill densities as well as the presence of the top or bottom layers, are studied. Results show a limited ability of ultrasound to measure thickness beyond 5 mm for a 10 MHz contact ultrasound transducer. In addition, measurements of some infill patterns are sensitive to transducer orientation. However, the ultrasound results for samples fabricated with concentric infill patterns generally better match thickness measurements with calipers and are less sensitive to transducer orientation. Finally, this thesis investigates thickness monitoring of samples in real-time under the effect of simulated erosion to measure thickness reduction.
Determination of Processability and Performance of Mechanically Recycled Flexible Plastics
Creators: name: BASHIRGONBADI, Amir
name: Delva, Laurens
name: Van Geem, Kevin
name: Ragaert, Kim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Poster presentation of Amir Bashirgonbadi at the European R&D days by ExxonMobil in Brussels
ШАҲАРЛАРНИНГ ИҚТИСОДИЙ МАРКАЗЛАР СИФАТИДАГИ ЎРНИ
Creators: name: Бердиев, Жамшид
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Маълумотларнинг таҳлилларига кўра, ўрганилаётган давр ва ундан олдинги асрларда ҳам Қашқадарё ва Сурхондарё воҳаларининг катта-кичик шаҳарларида турли-туман ҳунармандчилик соҳалари мавжуд бўлган. Ҳунармандчилик ўша даврларда ҳам жамият иқтисодий ҳаётининг асоси бўлганлиги боис марказий ва маҳаллий ҳокимият бу соҳага катта эътибор қаратганлиги туфайли шаҳарларда турли ҳунар эгалари фаолият кўрсатиб, улар ўзларининг меҳнат маҳсулотлари билан шаҳарлар иқтисодий ҳаётининг ривожланишига улкан ҳисса қўшганлар.
title: Einschätzung des IAB zur wirtschaftlichen Lage – April 2025
Creators: name: Warning, Anja
name: Weber, Enzo
Publisher: name: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt und Berufsforschung
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02qcqwf93
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Arbeitsmarktprognose
Exporte
Investitionen
Konjunktur
Konsum
Wirtschaftlage
Wirtschaftsprognose

description: Die jüngsten Verschärfungen im von den USA initiierten Zollkonflikt und die Unvorhersagbarkeit der zukünftigen Entscheidungen der US-Administration führen global zu Belastungen in den Handelsbeziehungen und zu hohen Unsicherheiten an den Finanzmärkten. Zwar sind die aktuellen Lagebeurteilungen weitgehend stabil, aber die Wachstumsprognosen haben sich global und auch für Deutschland verschlechtert. Daraus ergibt sich auch für den Arbeitsmarkt zunächst kein optimistischer Ausblick.
description: IAB-Forum, 2025-04-30.01
Cavity engineering of Hubbard $U$ via phonon polaritons
Creators: name: Dé, Brieuc Le
name: Eckhardt, Christian J.
name: Kennes, Dante M.
name: Sentef, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pump-probe experiments have suggested the possibility to control electronic correlations by driving infrared-active phonons with resonant midinfrared laser pulses. In this work we study two possible microscopic nonlinear electron-phonon interactions behind these observations, namely coupling of the squared lattice displacement either to the electronic density or to the double occupancy. We investigate whether photon-phonon coupling to quantized light in an optical cavity enables similar control over electronic correlations. We first show that inside a dark cavity electronic interactions increase, ruling out the possibility that $T_c$ in superconductors can be enhanced via effectively decreased electron-electron repulsion through nonlinear electron-phonon coupling in a cavity. We further find that upon driving the cavity, electronic interactions decrease. Two different regimes emerge: (i) a strong coupling regime where the phonons show a delayed response at a time proportional to the inverse coupling strength, and (ii) an ultra-strong coupling regime where the response is immediate when driving the phonon polaritons resonantly. We further identify a distinctive feature in the electronic spectral function when electrons couple to phonon polaritons involving an infrared-active phonon mode, namely the splitting of the shake-off band into three bands. This could potentially be observed by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
The guanylate cyclase-C signaling pathway is down-regulated in inflammatory bowel disease
Creators: name: Brenna, Øystein
name: Bruland, Torunn
name: Furnes, Marianne W.
name: Granlund, Atle Van Beelen
name: Drozdov, Ignat
name: Emgård, Johanna
name: Brønstad, Gunnar
name: Kidd, Mark
name: Sandvik, Arne K.
name: Gustafsson, Björn I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective. Activation of membrane receptor guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) is implicated in gastrointestinal fluid and electrolyte balance, preservation of intestinal barrier integrity, anti-trophic effects and inhibition of pain sensation. To evaluate GC-C signaling, we examined the regulation of GC-C (GUCY2C/Gucy2c) and its endogenous ligands guanylin (GN/GUCA2A/Guca2a) and uroguanylin (UGN/GUCA2B/Guca2b) in colonic Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and in rats with 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis. Correlation analyses between expression of GUCA2A and GUCY2C and expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL1B, TNFA and IFNG) were conducted. Additionally, expression of transcription factors for GUCA2A and GUCY2C, and the GC-C signaling pathway, were examined. Material and methods. Biopsies from active UC/CD, un-inflamed UC/CD and healthy controls, and inflamed and healthy rat colon were investigated with gene expression microarray, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). Results. GUCA2A/Guca2a, GUCA2B, GUCY2C/Gucy2c, transcription factors, as well as several cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate downstream mediators were all significantly down-regulated in both inflamed colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mucosa and TNBS colitis. Expression of GUCA2A and GUCY2C negatively correlated to expression of inflammatory cytokines. IHC and ISH confirmed microarray results for GUCA2A/Guca2a and GUCY2C/Gucy2c in inflamed samples. We identified a highly significant positive correlation between the expression of the transcription factor caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and the expression of the downstream target gene GUCY2C. Conclusions. GUCA2A, GUCA2B and GUCY2C as well as several steps of the GC-C signaling pathway are down-regulated in IBD. This may have implications in IBD pathogenesis.
Alternative characterization of a black hole boundary
Creators: name: Dahal, Pravin Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After reviewing the shortcomings of existing definitions used to characterize the boundary of a black hole, we present a new method for its characterization. This definition could potentially be applied to locate the boundary of general black hole solutions of the Einstein field equations. Using our definition in general spherically symmetric spacetimes, we argue that an observer falling into a black hole encounters an infinite energy density, pressure, and flux at the black hole boundary. This result is interpreted as a firewall that prevents the growth of classical black holes. However, the possibility of black hole growth via quantum mechanical tunneling cannot be ruled out.
description: 8 pages, 0 figures; Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D
Studies on the Aviation Industry Based on Industrial Organization
Creators: name: Dong, Chang
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Aviation industry
Cost pass-through
Legacy carrier
Low-cost carriers
Fuel costs
COVID-19
Merger and acquisition

description: This paper uses data from the 2000 to 2019 U.S. civil aviation industry to analyze the disparities in jet fuel cost pass-through among legacy, low-cost, and ultra-low-cost carriers. Different pricing mechanisms are determined by different business structures. We use empirical methods to study which category of carriers transfers more of the cost increase to final consumers when facing an increase in jet fuel costs. According to the findings, when faced with an increase in jet fuel costs, low-cost carriers are more likely than legacy carriers to increase flight ticket prices. Compared to legacy and low-cost carriers, ultra-low-cost carriers have the lowest pass-through. This paper uses the financial data analysis and event study approach to evaluate the market performance and financial performance of legacy carriers and low-cost carriers in China and the U.S. during the COVID-19 pandemic. Analysis of financial reports and ratios reveals that legacy carriers in both countries experience a greater revenue loss than low-cost carriers, while low-cost carriers keep more liquidity and better loan repayment capability during the pandemic. The cumulative average abnormal returns and average buy-and-hold abnormal returns to publicly traded airline stocks in the U.S. are significantly higher than those in China, both in the short-term and long-term event windows. In the short run, both Chinese and U.S. legacy carriers are more affected than low-cost carriers. State ownership has not significantly helped China's airline stocks mitigate negative shocks. This paper examines the evolution of airfare ticket prices following the merger of the market with and without low-cost carriers. Using demand estimation and merger simulation methods, we examine how the presence of low-cost airlines in mergers influences the post-merger price through four mergers in the U.S. airline industry in the late 2000s and early 2010s. Our analysis reveals that the post-merger ticket increase is notably less pronounced in markets where low-cost airlines operate as opposed to markets without low-cost carriers. This suggests that low-cost carriers generate considerable competitive pressure, effectively limiting the ability of merged entities to raise prices and thereby protecting consumer welfare.
Interrogative Intonation in North Kyungsang Korean: Language-specificity and Universality of Acoustic and Perceptual Cues
Creators: name: Lee, Hye-Sook
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007

description: This paper investigates intonational characteristics of questions distinct from statements in North Kyungsang Korean. A variety of F0 targets are compared between the two sentence types, including pitch accent F0 peak, utterance-final edge, pitch range and F0 valleys. The acoustic analyses show that yes/no questions have significantly higher F0 values at the right edge and higher and earlier occurrences of the rightmost F0 valley. Perceptual salience of these acoustic cues is investigated through forced-choice identification tests, where it turns out that only the utterance-final edge F0 is a strong perceptual cue to distinguish between questions and statements. This study suggests that NK Korean conforms to the “universality” of question intonation in a broad sense, but the realization of acoustic cues and their perceptual salience are constrained by some kind of language-specificity.
description: This paper is copyrighted, and is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) - see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Audio-Driven Talking Face Video Generation with Dynamic Convolution Kernels
Creators: name: Ye, Zipeng
name: Xia, Mengfei
name: Yi, Ran
name: Zhang, Juyong
name: Lai, Yu-Kun
name: Huang, Xuwei
name: Zhang, Guoxin
name: Liu, Yong-jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a dynamic convolution kernel (DCK) strategy for convolutional neural networks. Using a fully convolutional network with the proposed DCKs, high-quality talking-face video can be generated from multi-modal sources (i.e., unmatched audio and video) in real time, and our trained model is robust to different identities, head postures, and input audios. Our proposed DCKs are specially designed for audio-driven talking face video generation, leading to a simple yet effective end-to-end system. We also provide a theoretical analysis to interpret why DCKs work. Experimental results show that our method can generate high-quality talking-face video with background at 60 fps. Comparison and evaluation between our method and the state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the superiority of our method.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Schematic of Air-Mass spectra definition
Creators: name: Sarkodie, SA
name: Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 90607 Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Renewable Power)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 91305 Energy Generation, Conversion and Storage Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)

description: Schematic of Air-Mass spectra definition
On Confidence, Agreement and Calibration of Deep Ensembles
Creators: name: Manjiyani, Alim
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: Calibration
Confidence
Agreement
Label Smoothing
Deep Learning
Generalization Disagreement Equality (GDE)

description: Deep ensembles, composed of multiple independently trained Deep neural networks (DNNs), have demonstrated strong predictive power and reliability in various machine learning applications such as classification [6], uncertainty estimation [21], anomaly detection [11], medical diagnostics [1] etc. This paper delves into the intricate interplay between confidence, agreement, and calibration within deep ensembles, shedding light on their relationships and combined properties. We begin this thesis by providing a brief yet insightful background of Calibration, its various notions, evaluation methods, and the existing techniques to achieve calibration. We extend on Generalization Disagreement Equality (GDE) [16] - a natural phenomenon of deep ensembles, which states that the agreement and accuracy of a deep ensemble are equal in expectation over population. We introduce a more generalized version of this phenomenon and call it Generalized GDE (GGDE). Similar to [16], we provide empirical evidence of GGDE and provide the sufficient calibration conditions required for GGDE.We further study the interaction between agreement and the true-confidence (accuracy) and establish bounds on their absolute difference. As a result, we shed light upon the possibility of instance-wise GGDE and provide a suitable calibration condition for the same. In the second half of the thesis, we formulate the notion of “Confidence Calibration” and emphasize its importance theoretically. We study its properties and unveil its interesting properties. Remarkably, our work suggests that Confidence Calibration can serve as a theoretical foundation for understanding the effectiveness of Label Smoothing [34], thus establishing a connection between calibration and regularization. We end the thesis by combining the properties of GGDE, Label Smoothing, and Confidence Calibration to provide a novel training algorithm termed Agreement Guided Label Smoothing (AGLS). We provide a theoretical justification for its functioning and demonstrate its effectiveness empirically. By advancing our understanding of Confidence Calibration, this work contributes to the broader goal of enhancing the trustworthiness and applicability of deep learning models in various domains.
Romero et al. 2024 IJMS
Creators: name: Moenne, Alejandra
name: Romero, Stephanie
name: González, Alberto
name: Osorio, Héctor
name: Segura, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310505
subject: Gene expression (incl. microarray and other genome-wide approaches)

description: Data collection, numerical values, graphics, statistics.
DEVELOPMENT OF FLUORESCENCE-DETECTED PHOTOTHERMAL MICROSCOPY METHODS FOR MAPPING CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Creators: name: Razumtcev, Aleksandr
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340101
subject: Analytical spectrometry
classificationCode: 340105
subject: Instrumental methods (excl. immunological and bioassay methods)
classificationCode: 340605
subject: Molecular imaging (incl. electron microscopy and neutron diffraction)

description: The beautiful complexity of our world is manifested in how macro- and even planetary-scale processes are essentially completely determined and regulated by chemical and physical transformations happening at the micro- and nanoscale. The introduction and subsequent development of optical microscopy methods have provided us with a unique opportunity to visualize, probe, and sometimes even control these processes that are too small to be seen by the human eye by their nature.Among the great variety of truly impressive advances in microscopy instrumentation, two techniques stand out in their widespread and usefulness. First of them, fluorescence imaging has completely revolutionized the study of biological specimens and living systems due to its unprecedented single-molecule sensitivity and resolution combined with video-rate imaging capability. On the other hand, chemical imaging in the mid-infrared region provides an unmatched amount of chemical information enabling label-free mapping of the spatial distribution of various classes of biological molecules. However, each of these techniques falls short where the other excels. For example, despite its high resolution and sensitivity, fluorescence imaging does not carry direct chemical information and relies on labeling specificity, while infrared microscopy is diffraction-limited at the resolution of several micrometers and suffers from low penetration depth in aqueous solutions.This dissertation introduces a novel imaging method designed to combine the advantages of fluorescence imaging and infrared spectroscopy. Fluorescence-detected photothermal mid-IR (F-PTIR) microscopy is presented in chapter 1 as a technique enabling sub-diffraction chemically-specific microscopy by detecting local temperature-induced fluctuations in fluorescence intensity to inform on localized mid-infrared absorption. F-PTIR applications in targeted biological microspectroscopy (chapter 1) and pharmaceutical materials (chapters 2 and 3) analysis are demonstrated to highlight the potential of this new method. Furthermore, instrumentation developments relying on modern radiation sources such as dual-comb quantum cascade laser and synchrotron infrared radiation are shown to improve spectral acquisition speed (chapter 4) and spectral coverage (chapter 5), respectively, to extend the application range of F-PTIR.
An Alternative Design for Large Scale Liquid Scintillator Detectors
Creators: name: Morton-Blake, Iwan
name: Biller, Steven D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of large-scale liquid scintillator detectors is complicated by the need to separate the scintillation region from photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) due to their intrinsic radioactivity. This is generally done using acrylic or nylon barriers, whose own activity can also lead to substantial reduction of the fiducial detection volume for a number of low energy (MeV) studies, and whose construction becomes increasingly difficult and expensive for larger detector volumes. Here we present an initial simulation study of an alternative geometric construction known as SLIPS (Stratified LIquid Plane Scintillator), which aims to avoid such physical barriers entirely by instead using layers of lipophobic liquids to separate PMTs from the scintillation region.
The Impact of Political Advertisements on Canadian Youth
Creators: name: Anstey, Hannah Jean
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa | University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: political advertisements
political efficacy
surveys
pre-test / post-test
democratic participation

description: Young Canadians have turned out to the ballot box less than older generations during recent elections; despite the fact that they are often highly educated and have access to rich political information in a hybrid and high-choice media system. Part of the explanation for this may be a lack of political efficacy. To better examine this problem, and the role of political efficacy in the Canadian political communications ecosystem, a mixed methods approach is used in this study including content analysis, data collection, and analysis of survey data to better understand the impacts of campaign communication, via video advertisements on Facebook, has on the political efficacy of Canadian youth. The findings show that political advertisements, writ large, do not impact political efficacy. However, certain advertisements included in the sample had measurable impacts on political efficacy, as well as emotionality and subjective credibility. Implications of these findings are important as campaigns continue to develop new tactics and strategies to better target their messaging during and outside of writ periods. Political communications practitioners can apply these findings to their work to more impactfully engage with Canada’s youngest electorate