cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Scattering Continuum and Possible Fractionalized Excitations in $α$-RuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Sandilands, Luke J.
name: Tian, Yao
name: Plumb, Kemp W.
name: Kim, Young-June
name: Burch, Kenneth S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The combination of electronic correlation and spin-orbit coupling is thought to precipitate a variety of highly unusual electronic phases in solids, including topological and quantum spin liquid states. We report a Raman scattering study that provides evidence for unconventional excitations in $α$-RuCl$_3$, a spin-orbit coupled Mott insulator on the honeycomb lattice. In particular, our measurements reveal unusual magnetic scattering, typified by a broad continuum. The temperature dependence of this continuum is evident over a large scale compared to the magnetic ordering temperature, suggestive of frustrated magnetic interactions. This is confirmed through an analysis of the phonon linewidths, which show a related anomaly due to spin-phonon coupling. These observations are in line with theoretical expectations for the Heisenberg-Kitaev model and suggest that $α$-RuCl$_3$ may be close to a quantum spin liquid ground state.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Supplemental Material included
Supershell Effect and Stability of Classical Periodic Orbits in Reflection-Asymmetric Superdeformed Oscillator
Creators: name: Arita, Ken-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A semiclassical analysis is made of the origin of an undulating pattern in the smoothed level density for a reflection-asymmetric superdeformed oscillator potential. It is suggested that, when the octupole-type deformation increases, an interference effect between two families of periodic orbit with the ratio of periods approximately 2:1 becomes stronger and thus a pronounced ``supershell'' structure appears.
description: 8 pages, PHYZZX, figures are not included, KUNS1196
Meta-review of evidence relating to some herbs
Creators: name: Rolfe, Vivien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110499 Complementary and Alternative Medicine not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: An umbrella - meta-review - summarising systematic reviews on a number of interesting herbs and nutritional supplements. Resources unavailable to attempt to publish further so just sharing the information we have gained so far.
Supplementary Information from Dental ontogeny in extinct synapsids reveals a complex evolutionary history of the mammalian tooth attachment system.
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.
name: Brink, Kirstin S.
name: Whitney, Megan
name: Abdala, Fernando
name: Reisz, Robert R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The mammalian dentition is uniquely characterized by a combination of precise occlusion, permanent adult teeth and a unique tooth attachment system. Unlike the ankylosed teeth in most reptiles, mammal teeth are supported by a ligamentous tissue that suspends each tooth in its socket, providing flexible and compliant tooth attachment that prolongs the life of each tooth and maintains occlusal relationships. Here we investigate dental ontogeny through histological examination of a wide range of extinct synapsid lineages to assess whether the ligamentous tooth attachment system is unique to mammals and to determine how it evolved. This study shows for the first time that the ligamentous tooth attachment system is not unique to crown mammals within Synapsida, having arisen in several non-mammalian therapsid clades as a result of neoteny and progenesis in dental ontogeny. Mammalian tooth attachment is here re-interpreted as a paedomorphic condition relative to the ancestral synapsid form of tooth attachment.
BGT: efficient and flexible genotype query across many samples
Creators: name: Li, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Summary: BGT is a compact format, a fast command line tool and a simple web application for efficient and convenient query of whole-genome genotypes and frequencies across tens to hundreds of thousands of samples. On real data, it encodes the haplotypes of 32,488 samples across 39.2 million SNPs into a 7.4GB database and decodes a couple of hundred million genotypes per CPU second. The high performance enables real-time responses to complex queries. Availability and implementation: https://github.com/lh3/bgt Contact: hengli@broadinstitute.org
description: Identical to the published version except formatting
Crucial Role of Drosophila Neurexin in Proper Active Zone Apposition to Postsynaptic Densities, Synaptic Growth, and Synaptic Transmission
Creators: name: Li, Jingjun
name: Budnik, Vivian
name: Ashley, James
name: Bhat, Manzoor A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Neurexins have been proposed to function as major mediators of the coordinated pre- and postsynaptic apposition. However, key evidence for this role in vivo has been lacking, particularly due to gene redundancy. Here, we have obtained null mutations in the single Drosophila neurexin gene (dnrx). dnrx loss of function prevents the normal proliferation of synaptic boutons at glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions, while dnrx gain of function in neurons has the opposite effect. DNRX mostly localizes to the active zone of presynaptic terminals. Conspicuously, dnrx null mutants display striking defects in synaptic ultrastructure with the presence of detachments between pre- and postsynaptic membranes, abnormally long active zones, and increased number of T-bars. These abnormalities result in corresponding alterations in synaptic transmission, which reduced quantal content. Together, our results provide compelling evidence for an in vivo role of neurexins in the modulation of synaptic architecture and adhesive interactions between pre- and postsynaptic compartments.
Scattering on periodic metric graphs
Creators: name: Korotyaev, Evgeny
name: Saburova, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A10, 47A40, 05C63, 35R02

description: We consider the Laplacian on a periodic metric graph and obtain its decomposition into a direct fiber integral in terms of the corresponding discrete Laplacian. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the fiber metric Laplacian are expressed explicitly in terms of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the corresponding fiber discrete Laplacian and eigenfunctions of the Dirichlet problem on the unit interval. We show that all these eigenfunctions are uniformly bounded. We apply these results to the periodic metric Laplacian perturbed by real integrable potentials. We prove the following: a) the wave operators exist and are complete, b) the standard Fredholm determinant is well-defined and is analytic in the upper half-plane without any modification for any dimension, c) the determinant and the corresponding S-matrix satisfy the Birman-Krein identity.
description: 42 pages, 5 figures
(400291) Robert Cocks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Energetics and Lifetimes of Local Radio Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Turner, Ross J.
name: Shabala, Stanislav S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model describing the evolution of Fanaroff-Riley type I and II radio AGN, and the transition between these classes. We quantify galaxy environments using a semi-analytic galaxy formation model, and apply our model to a volume-limited low redshift ($0.03 \leqslant z \leqslant 0.1$) sample of observed AGN to determine the distribution of jet powers and active lifetimes at the present epoch. Radio sources in massive galaxies are found to remain active for longer, spend less time in the quiescent phase, and inject more energy into their hosts than their less massive counterparts. The jet power is independent of the host stellar mass within uncertainties, consistent with maintenance-mode AGN feedback paradigm. The environments of these AGN are in or close to long-term heating-cooling balance. We also examine the properties of high- and low-excitation radio galaxy sub-populations. The HERGs are younger than LERGs by an order of magnitude, whilst their jet powers are greater by a factor of four. The Eddington-scaled accretion rates and jet production efficiencies of these populations are consistent with LERGs being powered by radiatively inefficient advection dominated accretion flows (ADAFs), while HERGs are fed by a radiatively efficient accretion mechanism.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF COMMERCE, COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER DEGREE IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: ROBSON KEJELCHA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016

description: The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of performance appraisal on

employee motivation using a survey of Oromia International Bank. The study was guided by

the following specific objectives: The study adopted a descriptive research design. The

research survey was conducted among 80 employees including department heads and four

branches, a total of 80 employees responded resulting in a 100% response rate. Both

qualitative and quantitative research methods through semi-structured interviews and close

ended questionnaires were analyzed to get an in-depth view about the problem. Performance

appraisal did not reflect objectively the employees’ performance and the employees were not

satisfied with performance appraisal system and motivation. Performance appraisal rating

can be considered as a technique that has a positive effect on work performance and

employee motivation. The employees may be motivated if the appraisal process is based on

accurate and current job descriptions. The performance appraisal identifies performance

problems to improve employee productivity and motivation. Performance appraisal rating

can be considered as a technique that has a positive effect on work performance and

employee motivation. The employees may be motivated if the appraisal process is based on

accurate and current job descriptions. The performance appraisal identifies performance

problems to improve employee productivity and motivation
Supplementary Information from Dental ontogeny in extinct synapsids reveals a complex evolutionary history of the mammalian tooth attachment system
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Aaron R. H.
name: Brink, Kirstin S.
name: Whitney, Megan
name: Abdala, Fernando
name: Reisz, Robert R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The mammalian dentition is uniquely characterized by a combination of precise occlusion, permanent adult teeth and a unique tooth attachment system. Unlike the ankylosed teeth in most reptiles, mammal teeth are supported by a ligamentous tissue that suspends each tooth in its socket, providing flexible and compliant tooth attachment that prolongs the life of each tooth and maintains occlusal relationships. Here we investigate dental ontogeny through histological examination of a wide range of extinct synapsid lineages to assess whether the ligamentous tooth attachment system is unique to mammals and to determine how it evolved. This study shows for the first time that the ligamentous tooth attachment system is not unique to crown mammals within Synapsida, having arisen in several non-mammalian therapsid clades as a result of neoteny and progenesis in dental ontogeny. Mammalian tooth attachment is here re-interpreted as a paedomorphic condition relative to the ancestral synapsid form of tooth attachment.
Nap1-Regulated Neuronal Cytoskeletal Dynamics Is Essential for the Final Differentiation of Neurons in Cerebral Cortex
Creators: name: Pevny, Larysa
name: Cheung, Rocky
name: Anton, E. S.
name: Ring, Colleen
name: Yokota, Yukako
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The cytoskeletal regulators that mediate the change in the neuronal cytoskeletal machinery from one that promotes oriented motility to one that facilitates differentiation at the appropriate locations in the developing neocortex remain unknown. We found that Nck associated protein 1 (Nap1), an adaptor protein thought to modulate actin nucleation, is selectively expressed in the developing cortical plate, where neurons terminate their migration and initiate laminar specific differentiation. Loss of function of Nap1 disrupts neuronal differentiation. Premature expression of Nap1 in migrating neurons retards migration and promotes post migratory differentiation. Nap1 gene mutation in mice leads to neural tube and neuronal differentiation defects. Disruption of Nap1 retards the ability to localize key actin cytoskeletal regulators such as WAVE1 to the protrusive edges where they are needed to elaborate process outgrowth. Thus, Nap1 plays an essential role in facilitating the neuronal cytoskeletal changes underlying the post-migratory differentiation of cortical neurons, a critical step in functional wiring of the cerebral cortex.
Supplemental materials A - D from Stability trophic cascades in food chains.
Creators: name: Shanafelt, David W.
name: Loreau, Michel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplemental material A. Illustration of the Lyapunov method for a bi-trophic food chain; Supplemental material B. Additional tables, figures, and results; Supplemental material C. Source code for analytical solution; Supplemental material D. Source code for numerical solution.
(400287) Alexander Cannon Cockfield
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Postsynaptic Positioning of Endocytic Zones and AMPA Receptor Cycling by Physical Coupling of Dynamin-3 to Homer
Creators: name: Lu, Jiuyi
name: Helton, Thomas D.
name: Ehlers, Michael D.
name: Blanpied, Thomas A.
name: Rácz, Bence
name: Newpher, Thomas M.
name: Weinberg, Richard J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Endocytosis of AMPA receptors and other postsynaptic cargo occurs at endocytic zones (EZs), stably positioned sites of clathrin assembly adjacent to the postsynaptic density (PSD). The tight localization of postsynaptic endocytosis is thought to control spine composition and regulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. However, the molecular mechanisms that situate the EZ near the PSD, and the role of local spine endocytosis in synaptic transmission, are unknown. Here we report that a physical link between dynamin-3 and the postsynaptic adaptor Homer positions the EZ near the PSD. Disruption of dynamin-3 or its interaction with Homer uncouples the PSD from the EZ, resulting in synapses devoid of postsynaptic clathrin. This loss of the EZ leads to a loss of synaptic AMPA receptors and reduced excitatory synaptic transmission that corresponds with impaired synaptic recycling. Thus, a physical link between the PSD and the EZ ensures localized endocytosis and recycling by recapturing and maintaining a proximate pool of cycling AMPA receptors.
(400288) Edward Cockfield
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The SILCC (SImulating the LifeCycle of molecular Clouds) project - II. Dynamical evolution of the supernova-driven ISM and the launching of outflows
Creators: name: Girichidis, Philipp
name: Walch, Stefanie
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Gatto, Andrea
name: Wünsch, Richard
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Clark, Paul C.
name: Peters, Thomas
name: Derigs, Dominik
name: Baczynski, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SILCC project (SImulating the Life-Cycle of molecular Clouds) aims at a more self-consistent understanding of the interstellar medium (ISM) on small scales and its link to galaxy evolution. We present three-dimensional (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations of the ISM in a vertically stratified box including self-gravity, an external potential due to the stellar component of the galactic disc, and stellar feedback in the form of an interstellar radiation field and supernovae (SNe). The cooling of the gas is based on a chemical network that follows the abundances of H+, H, H2, C+, and CO and takes shielding into account consistently. We vary the SN feedback by comparing different SN rates, clustering and different positioning, in particular SNe in density peaks and at random positions, which has a major impact on the dynamics. Only for random SN positions the energy is injected in sufficiently low-density environments to reduce energy losses and enhance the effective kinetic coupling of the SNe with the gas. This leads to more realistic velocity dispersions (σ_HI ~ 0.8σ_(300-8000K) ~ 10-20km/s, σ_Hα~ 0.6σ_(8000-3e5K) ~ 20-30km/s), and strong outflows with mass loading factors of up to 10 even for solar neighbourhood conditions. Clustered SNe abet the onset of outflows compared to individual SNe but do not influence the net outflow rate. The outflows do not contain any molecular gas and are mainly composed of atomic hydrogen. The bulk of the outflowing mass is dense (ρ~ 1e-25-1e-24g/cc) and slow (v ~ 20-40km/s) but there is a high-velocity tail of up to v ~ 500km/s with ρ~ 1e-28-1e-27g/cc.
description: 26 pages, MNRAS, accepted
A Lagrangian Neighbourhood Theorem for shifted symplectic derived schemes
Creators: name: Joyce, Dominic
name: Safronov, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Pantev, Toen, Vaquié and Vezzosi arXiv:1111.3209 defined $k$-shifted symplectic derived schemes and stacks ${\bf X}$ for $k\in\mathbb Z$, and Lagrangians ${\bf f}:{\bf L}\to{\bf X}$ in them. They have important applications to Calabi-Yau geometry and quantization. Bussi, Brav and Joyce arXiv:1305.6302 proved a 'Darboux Theorem' giving explicit Zariski or étale local models for $k$-shifted symplectic derived schemes ${\bf X}$ for $k<0$ presenting them as twisted shifted cotangent bundles. We prove a 'Lagrangian Neighbourhood Theorem' giving explicit Zariski or etale local models for Lagrangians ${\bf f}:{\bf L}\to{\bf X}$ in $k$-shifted symplectic derived schemes ${\bf X}$ for $k<0$, relative to the Bussi-Brav-Joyce 'Darboux form' local models for ${\bf X}$. That is, locally such Lagrangians can be presented as twisted shifted conormal bundles. We also give a partial result when $k=0$. We expect our results will have future applications to $k$-shifted Poisson geometry (see arXiv:1506.03699), to defining 'Fukaya categories' of complex or algebraic symplectic manifolds, and to categorifying Donaldson-Thomas theory of Calabi-Yau 3-folds and 'Cohomological Hall algebras'.
description: 68 pages
(400289) Beatrix Neilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplemental materials A - D from Stability trophic cascades in food chains
Creators: name: Shanafelt, David W.
name: Loreau, Michel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplemental material A. Illustration of the Lyapunov method for a bi-trophic food chain; Supplemental material B. Additional tables, figures, and results; Supplemental material C. Source code for analytical solution; Supplemental material D. Source code for numerical solution.
Cocaine but Not Natural Reward Self-Administration nor Passive Cocaine Infusion Produces Persistent LTP in the VTA
Creators: name: Carelli, Regina M.
name: Guillory, Anitra M.
name: Hopf, F. Woodward
name: Bowers, M. Scott
name: Bonci, Antonello
name: Chou, Jonathan K.
name: Martin, Miquel
name: Chen, Billy T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Persistent drug-seeking behavior is hypothesized to co-opt the brain's natural reward-motivational system. Although ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons represent a crucial component of this system, the synaptic adaptations underlying natural rewards and drug-related motivation have not been fully elucidated. Here we show that self-administration of cocaine, but not passive cocaine infusions, produced a persistent potentiation of VTA excitatory synapses, which was still present after 3 months abstinence. Further, enhanced synaptic function in VTA was evident even after 3 weeks of extinction training. Food or sucrose self-administration induced only a transient potentiation of VTA glutamatergic signaling. Our data show that synaptic function in VTA DA neurons is readily but reversibly enhanced by natural reward-seeking behavior, while voluntary cocaine self-administration induced a persistent synaptic enhancement that is resistant to behavioral extinction. Such persistent synaptic potentiation in VTA DA neurons may represent a fundamental cellular phenomenon driving pathological drug-seeking behavior.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Is an Ectonucleotidase and Suppresses Pain by Generating Adenosine
Creators: name: Twomey, Margaret A.
name: Sowa, Nathaniel A.
name: Taylor-Blake, Bonnie
name: Voikar, Vootele
name: Herrala, Annakaisa
name: Zylka, Mark J.
name: Vihko, Pirkko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Thiamine monophosphatase (TMPase, also known as Fluoride-Resistant Acid Phosphatase) is a classic histochemical marker of small-diameter dorsal root ganglia neurons. The molecular identity of TMPase is currently unknown. We found that TMPase is identical to the transmembrane isoform of Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP), an enzyme with unknown molecular and physiological functions. We then found that PAP knockout mice have normal acute pain sensitivity but enhanced sensitivity in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. In gain-of-function studies, intraspinal injection of PAP protein has potent anti-nociceptive, anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic effects that last longer than the opioid analgesic morphine. PAP suppresses pain by functioning as an ecto-5’-nucleotidase. Specifically, PAP dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine and activates A1-adenosine receptors in dorsal spinal cord. Our studies reveal molecular and physiological functions for PAP in purine nucleotide metabolism and nociception and suggest a novel use for PAP in the treatment of chronic pain.
Supplementary Files for manuscript
Creators: name: Kim, Justin Namuk
name: Gomez-Perez, Lia
name: Zimin, Vladislav N.
name: Makhlouf, Mohamed H. E.
name: Sadeer Al-Kindi
name: Wilson, David L
name: Juhwan Lee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: intravascular optical coherence tomography
coronary computed tomography angiography
thin-cap fibroatheroma
radiomics
microchannels
machine learning

description: Supplementary File for manuscript "Pericoronary adipose tissue radiomics from coronary CT 2 angiography identifies vulnerable plaques" submitted to MDPI bioengineering
Cooperation percolation in spatial prisoner's dilemma game
Creators: name: Yang, Han-Xin
name: Rong, Zhihai
name: Wang, Wen-Xu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paradox of cooperation among selfish individuals still puzzles scientific communities. Although a large amount of evidence has demonstrated that cooperator clusters in spatial games are effective to protect cooperators against the invasion of defectors, we continue to lack the condition for the formation of a giant cooperator cluster that assures the prevalence of cooperation in a system. Here, we study the dynamical organization of cooperator clusters in spatial prisoner's dilemma game to offer the condition for the dominance of cooperation, finding that a phase transition characterized by the emergence of a large spanning cooperator cluster occurs when the initial fraction of cooperators exceeds a certain threshold. Interestingly, the phase transition belongs to different universality classes of percolation determined by the temptation to defect $b$. Specifically, on square lattices, $1
What Is the Role of Astrocyte Calcium in Neurophysiology?
Creators: name: Casper, Kristen B.
name: McMullen, Allison B.
name: Fiacco, Todd A.
name: Petravicz, Jeremy
name: Agulhon, Cendra
name: Minton, Suzanne K.
name: Taves, Sarah R.
name: McCarthy, Ken D.
name: Sweger, Elizabeth J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Astrocytes comprise approximately half of the volume of the adult mammalian brain and are the primary neuronal structural and trophic supportive elements. Astrocytes are organized into distinct nonoverlapping domains and extend elaborate and dense fine processes that interact intimately with synapses and cerebrovasculature. The recognition in the mid 1990s that astrocytes undergo elevations in intracellular calcium concentration following activation of G protein-coupled receptors by synaptically released neurotransmitters demonstrated not only that astrocytes display a form of excitability but also that astrocytes may be active participants in brain information processing. The roles that astrocytic calcium elevations play in neurophysiology and especially in modulation of neuronal activity have been intensely researched in recent years. This review will summarize the current understanding of the function of astrocytic calcium signaling in neurophysiological processes and discuss areas where the role of astrocytes remains controversial and will therefore benefit from further study.
Cortical Enlightenment: Are Attentional Gamma Oscillations Driven by ING or PING?
Creators: name: Tiesinga, Paul
name: Sejnowski, Terrence J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The response of a neuron to sensory stimuli can only give correlational support for functional hypotheses. To experimentally test causal function, the neural activity needs to be manipulated in a cell-type specific, as well as spatially and temporally precise way. We review recent optogenetic experiments on parvalbumin-positive cortical interneurons that link modeling studies of synchronization to experimental studies on attentional modulation of gamma oscillations in primates.
Downregulation of NR3A-Containing NMDARs Is Required for Synapse Maturation and Memory Consolidation
Creators: name: Jarrett, Thomas M.
name: Feng, Guoping
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
name: Díez-García, Javier
name: Rodriguiz, Ramona M.
name: Roberts, Adam C.
name: Martínez-Turrillas, Rebeca
name: Picó, Esther
name: Lo, Donald C.
name: Pérez-Otaño, Isabel
name: Wesseling, John F.
name: López-Mascaraque, Laura
name: Bernardo, Danilo R.
name: López, Iciar Paula
name: Clendeninn, Dallis J.
name: Wetsel, William C.
name: Henson, Maile A.
name: Luján, Rafael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: NR3A is the only NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit that down-regulates sharply prior to the onset of sensitive periods for plasticity, yet the functional importance of this transient expression remains largely unknown. To investigate the possibility that removal/replacement of juvenile NR3A-containing NMDARs is involved in experience-driven synapse maturation, we used a reversible transgenic system that allowed persistent NR3A expression in the postnatal forebrain. We found that removal of NR3A is required to develop strong NMDAR currents, full expression of long-term synaptic plasticity, a mature synaptic organization characterized by more synapses and larger postsynaptic densities, and the ability to form long-term memories. Deficits associated with prolonged NR3A were reversible, as late-onset suppression of transgene expression rescued both the synaptic and memory impairments. Our results suggest that NR3A behaves as a molecular brake to prevent the premature strengthening and stabilization of excitatory synapses, and that NR3A removal might thereby initiate critical stages of synapse maturation during early postnatal neural development.
Baptissart_tables_figures_ESM.pdf from Neonatal mice exposed to a high-fat diet in utero influence the behaviour of their nursing dam.
Creators: name: Baptissart, Marine
name: Lamb, Harold E.
name: To, Kimberly
name: Bradish, Christine
name: Tehrani, Jesse
name: Reif, David
name: Cowley, Michael
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary Figure 1 – Sex ratio of litters in the four experimental groups at PND3. No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed. Supplementary Table 1 – Effect of (F0 diet)*(F1 in utero exposure) interaction on maternal behavior.
KCC2 Expression Promotes the Termination of Cortical Interneuron Migration in a Voltage-Sensitive Calcium-Dependent Manner
Creators: name: Bortone, Dante
name: Polleux, Franck
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The molecular mechanisms controlling the termination of cortical interneuron migration are unknown. Here we demonstrate that prior to synaptogenesis, migrating interneurons change their responsiveness to ambient GABA from a motogenic to a stop signal. We found that during migration into the cortex, ambient GABA and glutamate initially stimulate the motility of interneurons through both GABAA and AMPA/NMDA receptor activation. Once in the cortex, up-regulation of the potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2 is both necessary and sufficient to reduce interneuron motility through its ability to reduce membrane potential upon GABAA receptor activation which decrease the frequency of spontaneous intracellular calcium transients initiated by L-type Voltage-Sensitive Calcium Channels (VSCC) activation. Our results suggest a novel mechanism whereby migrating interneurons determine the relative density of surrounding interneurons and principal cells through their ability to sense the combined extracellular levels of ambient glutamate and GABA once GABAA receptor activation becomes hyperpolarizing.
Baptissart_tables_figures_ESM.pdf from Neonatal mice exposed to a high-fat diet in utero influence the behaviour of their nursing dam
Creators: name: Baptissart, Marine
name: Lamb, Harold E.
name: To, Kimberly
name: Bradish, Christine
name: Tehrani, Jesse
name: Reif, David
name: Cowley, Michael
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary Figure 1 – Sex ratio of litters in the four experimental groups at PND3. No statistically significant differences between the groups were observed. Supplementary Table 1 – Effect of (F0 diet)*(F1 in utero exposure) interaction on maternal behavior.
The Kinematic and Chemical Properties of a Potential Core-Forming Clump: Perseus B1-E
Creators: name: Sadavoy, Sarah I.
name: Shirley, Yancy
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Currie, Malcolm J.
name: Andre, Philippe
name: Pezzuto, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 13CO and C18O (1-0), (2-1), and (3-2) maps towards the core-forming Perseus B1-E clump using observations from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) of the Arizona Radio Observatory, and IRAM 30 m telescope. We find that the 13CO and C18O line emission both have very complex velocity structures, indicative of multiple velocity components within the ambient gas. The (1-0) transitions reveal a radial velocity gradient across B1-E of 1 km/s/pc that increases from north-west to south-east, whereas the majority of the Perseus cloud has a radial velocity gradient increasing from south-west to north-east. In contrast, we see no evidence of a velocity gradient associated with the denser Herschel-identified substructures in B1-E. Additionally, the denser substructures have much lower systemic motions than the ambient clump material, which indicates that they are likely decoupled from the large-scale gas. Nevertheless, these substructures themselves have broad line widths (0.4 km/s) similar to that of the C18O gas in the clump, which suggests they inherited their kinematic properties from the larger-scale, moderately dense gas. Finally, we find evidence of C18O depletion only toward one substructure, B1-E2, which is also the only object with narrow (transonic) line widths. We suggest that as prestellar cores form, their chemical and kinematic properties are linked in evolution, such that these objects must first dissipate their turbulence before they deplete in CO.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 34 pages, 12 figures
The Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein Is an Essential Regulator of Radial Glial Polarity and Construction of the Cerebral Cortex
Creators: name: Chen, Youjun
name: Anton, E. S.
name: Komuro, Yutaro
name: Kim, Woo Yang
name: Wang, Xinshuo
name: Yokota, Yukako
name: Snider, William
name: Stanco, Amelia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Radial glia are highly polarized cells that serve as neuronal progenitors and as scaffolds for neuronal migration during construction of the cerebral cortex. How radial glial cells establish and maintain their morphological polarity is unknown. Using conditional gene targeting in mice, we demonstrate that Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) serves an essential function in the maintenance of polarized radial glial scaffold during brain development. In the absence of APC, radial glial cells lose their polarity and responsiveness to the extracellular polarity maintenance cues, such as neuregulin-1. Elimination of APC further leads to marked instability of the radial glial microtubule cytoskeleton. The resultant changes in radial glial function and loss of APC in radial glial progeny lead to defective generation and migration of cortical neurons, severely disrupted cortical layer formation, and aberrant axonal tract development. Thus APC is an essential regulator of radial glial polarity and is critical for the construction of cerebral cortex in mammals.
(400286) William Cochran
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Apical Complex Couples Cell Fate and Cell Survival to Cerebral Cortical Development
Creators: name: Zappaterra, Mauro W.
name: Boggan, Brigid
name: Gonzalez, Dilenny
name: Lehtinen, Maria K.
name: Kim, Seonhee
name: Wijnholds, Jan
name: Austin, Christina A.
name: Cho, Seo Hee
name: Walsh, Christopher A.
name: LaMantia, Anthony S.
name: Sessa, Alessandro
name: Gambello, Michael J.
name: Broccoli, Vania
name: Malicki, Jarema
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Cortical development depends upon tightly controlled cell fate and cell survival decisions that generate a functional neuronal population, but the coordination of these two processes is poorly understood. Here we show that conditional removal of a key apical complex protein, Pals1, causes premature withdrawal from the cell cycle, inducing excessive generation of early-born postmitotic neurons followed by surprisingly massive and rapid cell death, leading to the abrogation of virtually the entire cortical structure. Pals1 loss shows exquisite dosage sensitivity, so that heterozygote mutants show an intermediate phenotype on cell fate and cell death. Loss of Pals1 blocks essential cell survival signals, including the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, while mTORC1 activation partially rescues Pals1 deficiency. These data highlight unexpected roles of the apical complex protein Pals1 in cell survival through interactions with mTOR signaling.
Electronic Supplementary Material: methods, figures and tables from Microbial-tubeworm associations in a 440 million year old hydrothermal vent community.
Creators: name: Georgieva, Magdalena N.
name: Little, Crispin T. S.
name: Bailey, Russell J.
name: Ball, Alexander D.
name: Glover, Adrian G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Microorganisms are the chief primary producers within present-day deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, and play a fundamental role in shaping the ecology of these environments. However, very little is known about the microbes that occurred within, and structured, ancient vent communities. The evolutionary history, diversity and the nature of interactions between ancient vent microorganisms and hydrothermal vent animals are largely undetermined. The oldest known hydrothermal vent community that includes metazoans is preserved within the Ordovician to early Silurian Yaman Kasy massive sulfide deposit, Ural Mountains, Russia. This deposit contains two types of tube fossil attributed to annelid worms. A re-examination of these fossils using a range of microscopy, chemical analysis and nano-tomography techniques reveals the preservation of filamentous microorganisms intimately associated with the tubes. The microfossils bear a strong resemblance to modern hydrothermal vent microbial filaments, including those preserved within the mineralized tubes of the extant vent polychaete genus Alvinella. The Yaman Kasy fossil filaments represent the oldest animal–microbial associations preserved within an ancient hydrothermal vent environment. They allude to a diverse microbial community, and also demonstrate that remarkable fine-scale microbial preservation can also be observed in ancient vent deposits, suggesting the possible existence of similar exceptionally preserved microfossils in even older vent environments.
Reducing vulnerability to weather shocks through social protection – Evidence from the implementation of Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Scognamillo, Antonio
name: Mastrorillo, Marina
name: Ignaciuk, Ada
name: Scognamillo, Antonio
name: Mastrorillo, Marina
name: Ignaciuk, Ada
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: social protection
subject: climate
subject: vulnerability
subject: food security
subject: droughts
subject: agriculture
subject: Ethiopia

description: This paper uncovers the mechanisms shaping the impact of the public work component of Ethiopia’s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on beneficiaries and communities’ food security and vulnerability to various shocks. From a policy perspective, the empirical findings recommend explicitly integrating environmental and climate considerations to design social protection programmes which target poor agricultural households highly vulnerable to weather shocks.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0824en
Nodes of Ranvier Act as Barriers to Restrict Invasion of Flanking Paranodal Domains in Myelinated Axons
Creators: name: Pillai, Anilkumar M.
name: Dupree, Jeffrey L.
name: Pribisko, Alaine L.
name: Thaxton, Courtney
name: Bhat, Manzoor A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Accumulation of voltage gated sodium (Nav) channels at nodes of Ranvier is paramount for action potential propagation along myelinated fibers, yet the mechanisms governing nodal development, organization and stabilization remain unresolved. Here, we report that genetic ablation of the neuron-specific isoform of Neurofascin (NfascNF186) in vivo results in nodal disorganization, including loss of Nav channel and ankyrin-G (AnkG) enrichment at nodes in the peripheral (PNS) and central (CNS) nervous systems. Interestingly, the presence of paranodal domains failed to rescue nodal organization in the PNS and the CNS. Most importantly, using ultrastructural analysis, we demonstrate that the paranodal domains invade the nodal space in NfascNF186 mutant axons and occlude node formation. Our results suggest that NfascNF186-dependent assembly of the nodal complex acts as a molecular boundary to restrict the movement of flanking paranodal domains into the nodal area, thereby facilitating the stereotypic axonal domain organization and saltatory conduction along myelinated axons.
Electronic Supplementary Material: methods, figures and tables from Microbial-tubeworm associations in a 440-million-year-old hydrothermal vent community
Creators: name: Georgieva, Magdalena N.
name: Little, Crispin T. S.
name: Bailey, Russell J.
name: Ball, Alexander D.
name: Glover, Adrian G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Microorganisms are the chief primary producers within present-day deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems, and play a fundamental role in shaping the ecology of these environments. However, very little is known about the microbes that occurred within, and structured ancient vent communities. The evolutionary history, diversity and the nature of interactions between ancient vent microorganisms and hydrothermal vent animals are largely undetermined. The oldest known hydrothermal vent community that includes metazoans is preserved within the Ordovician-early Silurian Yaman Kasy massive sulfide deposit, Ural Mountains, Russia. This deposit contains two types of tube fossil attributed to annelid worms. A re-examination of these fossils using a range of microscopy, chemical analysis and nano-tomography techniques reveals the preservation of filamentous microorganisms intimately associated with the tubes. The microfossils bear a strong resemblance to modern hydrothermal vent microbial filaments, including those preserved within the mineralized tubes of the extant vent polychaete genus Alvinella. The Yaman Kasy fossil filaments represent the oldest animal–microbial associations preserved within an ancient hydrothermal vent environment. They allude to a diverse microbial community, and also demonstrate that remarkable fine-scale microbial preservation can also be observed in ancient vent deposits, suggesting the possible existence of similar exceptionally preserved microfossils in even older vent environments.