cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Contradiction between the Modernization of Agriculture and the Protection of the Interests of Farmers
Creators: name: Xia, Ju-Zi
name: Xia, Ju-Zi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Modernization of agriculture
subject: Management on appropriate scale
subject: Interests of farmers
subject: Benefit affiliating mechanism
subject: China

description: Main modes of agricultural modernization in developed countries are summarized, as well as their impact on the interests of farmers. Among them, In the America, Canada, Australia and other sparsely-populated countries, they adopt the labor force saving model based on large-scale mechanization during agricultural mechanization. Japan and other countries with many people and little land adopt the land saving model with high technology. And the Western European Countries use the intermediate model to exert the function of mechanization and technology. interests security of farmers in rural land circulation is discussed, such as the unreasonable allocation of circulation rights, changing the land property and land use without authorization; undermining the long-term interests of farmers, and the unsolved social security problem of farmers. Interest guarantee of farmers during the process of agricultural industrialization is analyzed, pointing out that big household or leading enterprise usually occupies a favorable position in the cooperative. They use their advantages in share and management to raven the operation achievement of peasant households and to transfer risks. Due to the information asymmetry, farmers are at a weak position in the cooperation with leading enterprise. Interests protection of farmers in scale management is put forward, such as strengthening the subsidies for farmers, implementing a moderate scale management suitable for the situation of China, and establishing a fair and reasonable benefit affiliating mechanism among peasant household, cooperative and leading enterprise.
Accuracy and Performance Comparison of Video Action Recognition Approaches
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Matthew
name: Samsi, Siddharth
name: Arcand, William
name: Bestor, David
name: Bergeron, Bill
name: Byun, Chansup
name: Houle, Micheal
name: Hubbell, Matthew
name: Jones, Micheal
name: Kepner, Jeremy
name: Kirby, Andrew
name: Michaleas, Peter
name: Milechin, Lauren
name: Mullen, Julie
name: Prout, Andrew
name: Rosa, Antonio
name: Reuther, Albert
name: Yee, Charles
name: Gadepally, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past few years, there has been significant interest in video action recognition systems and models. However, direct comparison of accuracy and computational performance results remain clouded by differing training environments, hardware specifications, hyperparameters, pipelines, and inference methods. This article provides a direct comparison between fourteen off-the-shelf and state-of-the-art models by ensuring consistency in these training characteristics in order to provide readers with a meaningful comparison across different types of video action recognition algorithms. Accuracy of the models is evaluated using standard Top-1 and Top-5 accuracy metrics in addition to a proposed new accuracy metric. Additionally, we compare computational performance of distributed training from two to sixty-four GPUs on a state-of-the-art HPC system.
description: Accepted for publication at IEEE HPEC 2020
Microbial ecology of deep-sea hydrothermal vents : viruses, diversity and potential mortality
Creators: name: Ortmann, Alice Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Deep-sea hydrothermal vents have been intensely studied since their discovery almost 30 years ago. These environments have been shown to harbour previously unknown organisms, which depend on chemosynthetic prokaryotes for much of their nutrition. Although high abundances of free-living prokaryotes have been documented from many hydrothermal vent sites, the fate of prokaryotic biomass has not been well studied. The initial goal of this thesis was to determine the abundance and distribution of viruses in hydrothermal vent environments and to determine if the abundances were high enough to support the occurrence of virus-mediated mortality of prokaryotes. This study clearly demonstrated that around active hydrothermal vent sites the virus abundance could be as high as values reported from coastal surface waters. Increased abundances within active hydrothermal fields and associated plumes above background seawater levels suggest that viruses are actively produced in these environments. The effects of viruses on a prokaryote community are dependent on the species composition of the microorganisms. Few studies have investigated the spatial distribution of prokaryote species around hydrothermal vents. In this study, several samples were collected and individually analysed using PCR-DGGE to determine the composition of the prokaryote communities, targeting both Bacteria and Archaea. From these fingerprints, it was demonstrated that the microbial communities around hydrothermal vents are extremely heterogeneous, with little similarity between samples collected from similar locations or environments. Sequencing of DGGE bands suggests common phylotypes among widespread hydrothermal vent sites. Through grazing, protists could cause mortality of prokaryotes. Because little is known about the presence of protists around hydrothermal vents, samples collected around a single sulphide structure were analysed using PCR-DGGE to determine the diversity of the eukaryote community in the water column. Sequencing of major bands was undertaken to determine the identity of the bands with the hopes of identifying previously unknown protists that could be grazers of prokaryotes. This study shows that DNA from the benthic invertebrate community dominates the eukaryote DNA around hydrothermal vents, suggesting viruses may be the main cause of mortality for free-living prokaryotes.
Brand Marketing Strategies in the Export of Maoming Litchi
Creators: name: Wu, Xiao-Lin
name: Wu, Xiao-Lin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Maoming
subject: Export of litchis
subject: Brand strategies
subject: Standardized production
subject: Ecological brand
subject: China

description: The thesis gives the brief overview of the development of Maoming litchi industry: it has the largest scale base and the output keeps going up; it has varieties of species and lots of famous special products; its standardized mass production ensures the safety of the products; the products go to market early with a broad range of sales; it has industrialized fruit production and deep product processing technology. After an introduction to the general situation of the export of litchis in China, the thesis introduces the current situation of the export of litchis in Maoming in terms of the continuously increasing exportations and the continuous expansion of the market and then, based on these, the thesis analyzes the existing problems in the export of Maoming Litchi: first, lack of brand awareness results in products with no brand; second, the instability of quality acts as a drawback to the exportation; third, fresh litchis are the main exportations, and the packaging and transportation technology of products are weak and thus the overseas markets are by no means well-explored. In order to adapt to the accelerating economic globalization, seize new opportunities for economic development, promote litchi exports from sluggish to healthy development and thus come to the successful transition of Maoming City as an agricultural city to a strong city in agricultural science and technology, corresponding strategies of the brand marketing of Maoming Litchi are put forward in the thesis: first, to enhance brand awareness and make it a famous brand; second, to build bases for litchis’ export and make Chinese litchis known worldwide; third, to pay intensive attention to the preservation of litchis and propel industrial management; fourth, to improve the market distribution system and open up the international market.
Functionals and the Quantum Master Equation
Creators: name: Fulp, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The quantum master equation is usually formulated in terms of functionals of the components of mappings from a space-time manifold M into a finite-dimensional vector space. The master equation is the sum of two terms one of which is the anti-bracket (odd Poisson bracket) of functionals and the other is the Laplacian of a functional. Both of these terms seem to depend on the fact that the mappings on which the functionals act are vector-valued. It turns out that neither this Laplacian nor the anti-bracket is well-defined for sections of an arbitrary vector bundle. We show that if the functionals are permitted to have their values in an appropriate graded tensor algebra whose factors are the dual of the space of smooth functions on M, then both the anti-bracket and the Laplace operator can be invariantly defined. Additionally, one obtains a new anti-bracket for ordinary functionals.
description: 21 pages, Latex
Memory effects in a gas of viscoelastic particles
Creators: name: Mompó, E.
name: López-Castaño, M. A.
name: Torrente, A.
name: Reyes, F. Vega
name: Lasanta, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a granular gas of viscoelastic particles (kinetic energy loss upon collision is a function of the particles' relative velocities at impact) subject to a stochastic thermostat. We show that the system displays anomalous cooling and heating rates during thermal relaxation processes, this causing the emergence of thermal memory. In particular, a significant \textit{Mpemba effect} is present; i.e., an initially hotter/cooler granular gas can cool down/heat up faster than an in comparison cooler/hotter granular gas. Moreover, a \textit{Kovacs effect} is also observed; i.e., a non-monotonic relaxation of the granular temperature --if the gas undergoes certain sudden temperature changes before fixing its value. Our results show that both memory effects have distinct features, very different and eventually opposed to those reported in theory for granular fluids under simpler collisional models. We study our system via three independent methods: approximate solution of the kinetic equation time evolution and computer simulations (both molecular dynamics simulations and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method), finding good agreement between them.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Problems and Countermeasures for the Development of Rural Area in Central China
Creators: name: Liu, Qing-Zhen
name: Gao, Geng-He
name: Shi, Lei
name: Liu, Qing-Zhen
name: Gao, Geng-He
name: Shi, Lei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Central China
subject: Agricultural population
subject: Non-agricultural industry
subject: China

description: Agricultural area in central China is a densely populated area with a lot of agricultural population, relatively developed agriculture and relatively backward non-agriculture. Its development status affects the process of rising strategy in central region, restricts the construction of a well-off society and a harmonious society in the central region and even China. Based on this, major problems in the development of agricultural area of central China are analyzed, such as large population of farmers, great development pressure on agricultural area, serious shortage of agricultural inputs, relatively low education level, backward infrastructure in agricultural area, and relatively backward non-agricultural development. In order to accelerate the rising of central area and to promote the rapid development of central agriculture, corresponding countermeasures are put forward, including increasing the financial support for the construction of agricultural areas, vigorously setting up multi-level rural education, strengthening the infrastructure construction of agricultural areas, consolidating the construction of rural organizations, reinforcing the management function of government, and increasing the research and extension of agricultural science and technology.
The Theoretical Connotation and Systematic Essence of Core Competence of Agricultural High-tech Enterprises
Creators: name: Zhao, Qing-Hui
name: Zhao, Qing-Hui
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural high-technology
subject: Core competence
subject: Systematic essence
subject: Technological innovation
subject: China

description: Six representative interpretations about the core competence of the corporate proposed by the researchers both at home and abroad from different perspectives are introduced, which includes “Resource theory”, “Capacity theory”, “Integration theory of assets and mechanism”, “Theory of consumer surplus”, “Theory of institutions and systems” and “Theory of innovation”. It is pointed out that although these interpretations play an active role in enriching the theory of core competence, it still faces the problems to further deepen these interpretations: the first problem is how to give a precise definition; the second is about its extension; the third is on the logical and practical relationship between the production mechanism and its sustainable competitive advantages; the fourth is the problems in the production process and the corresponding management. Both the systematic essence and features of core competence are introduced: the first is the system self-organization process produced within the corporate; the second is the interaction between corporate system and environment; it needs a growing and evolution process. This paper briefly describes the essence of core competence of agricultural high-tech corporate, introduces its five features including systematicness, integration, non-imitation, ductility and non-equilibrium, and finally explains its component parts, mainly including corporate culture system, technological innovation system, human resource system, management capability system, corporate production and marketing system, financial capability system and adaptability system.
Strength and Weakness of Animal Vaccine Industry in China
Creators: name: Xie, Hong-Hai
name: Wang, Geng-Xin
name: Xie, Hong-Hai
name: Wang, Geng-Xin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Veterinary biological products industry
subject: SWOT Analysis method
subject: Enterprise brand
subject: Quality consciousness
subject: China

description: Based on the introduction of the status of animal vaccine industry in China, the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of animal vaccine industry is analyzed by SWOT. Among them, strength is mainly reflected in the broad market, and the favorable industrial policy and development environment. Weakness is the irrational structure of product, the nonstandard production inspection, and the irregular market. Opportunity is mainly reflected in improving government’s emphasis on animal security, expanding the scope of compulsory immunization, increasing the proportion of scale breeding, upgrading animal vaccine in China, speeding up industry consolidation and improving market concentration. Threat is manifested mainly in the poor market consciousness due to the long-term planned economy. And animal vaccine enterprises in China are at a relatively disadvantage position during the competition with international companies. Based on these, countermeasures to promote the development of animal vaccine enterprises in China are put forward from the aspects of both government and enterprise. On the one hand, government should improve the laws and regulations and promote the healthy development of vaccine industry, strengthen the manufacturers’ consciousness of quality and biological safety, and create a favorable environment for market competition. On the other hand, enterprises should adjust the product structure and strengthen research and innovation, improve the brand competitiveness, take the road of common development, enhance the management capacity of the enterprises, and promote customer service.
Constraint and gauge shocks in one-dimensional numerical relativity
Creators: name: Reimann, Bernd
name: Alcubierre, Miguel
name: González, José A.
name: Núñez, Darío
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how different types of blow-ups can occur in systems of hyperbolic evolution equations of the type found in general relativity. In particular, we discuss two independent criteria that can be used to determine when such blow-ups can be expected. One criteria is related with the so-called geometric blow-up leading to gradient catastrophes, while the other is based upon the ODE-mechanism leading to blow-ups within finite time. We show how both mechanisms work in the case of a simple one-dimensional wave equation with a dynamic wave speed and sources, and later explore how those blow-ups can appear in one-dimensional numerical relativity. In the latter case we recover the well known ``gauge shocks'' associated with Bona-Masso type slicing conditions. However, a crucial result of this study has been the identification of a second family of blow-ups associated with the way in which the constraints have been used to construct a hyperbolic formulation. We call these blow-ups ``constraint shocks'' and show that they are formulation specific, and that choices can be made to eliminate them or at least make them less severe.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures and 1 table, revised version including several amendments suggested by the referee
A Partition Function Connected with the Göllnitz--Gordon Identities
Creators: name: Smoot, Nicolas Allen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use the celebrated circle method of Hardy and Ramanujan to develop convergent formulae for counting a restricted class of partitions that arise from the Göllnitz--Gordon identities.
title: Fodder Raddish :
title: Guidelines for the Conduct of Tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Fodder Raddish
Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants

description: The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions.
Galaxy Cluster Contribution to the Diffuse Extragalactic Ultraviolet Background
Creators: name: Welch, Brian
name: McCandliss, Stephan
name: Coe, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffuse ultraviolet background radiation has been mapped over most of the sky with 2\arcmin \ resolution using data from the \textit{GALEX} survey. We utilize this map to study the correlation between the UV background and clusters of galaxies discovered via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in the \textit{Planck} survey. We use only high Galactic latitude ($|b| > 60^{\circ} $) galaxy clusters to avoid contamination by Galactic foregrounds, and we only analyze clusters with a measured redshift. This leaves us with a sample of 142 clusters over the redshift range $0.02 \leq z \leq 0.72$, which we further subdivide into four redshift bins. In analysing our stacked samples binned by redshift, we find evidence for a central excess of UV background light compared to local backgrounds for clusters with $z<0.3$. We then stacked these $z<0.3$ clusters to find a statistically significant excess of $12 \pm 2.3$ photon cm$^{-2}$ s${-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ Å$^{-1}$ \ over the median of $\sim 380$ photon cm$^{-2}$ s${-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ Å$^{-1}$ \ measured around random blank fields. We measure the stacked radial profile of these clusters, and find that the excess UV radiation decays to the level of the background at a radius of $\sim 1$ Mpc, roughly consistent with the maximum radial extent of the clusters. Analysis of possible physical processes contributing to the excess UV brightness indicates that non-thermal emission from relativistic electrons in the intracluster medium and faint, unresolved UV emission from cluster member galaxies and intracluster light are likely the dominant contributors.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
Synthesis of IWMI work in Nepal
Creators: name: Pant, Dhruba
name: Samad, Madar
name: Pant, Dhruba
name: Samad, Madar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Irrigation systems
subject: Privatization
subject: Farmer managed irrigation systems
subject: River basin management
subject: Water users associations
subject: Policy
subject: Groundwater management
subject: Gender
subject: Women
subject: Capacity building

description: The International Water Management Institute (IWMI) has been working in Nepal since 1986 with the objective of undertaking research in water management and to strengthen the research capabilities of concerned government agencies. The research helped to develop appropriate mechanisms for providing support to Farmer-Managed Irrigation Systems (FMIS) and the initiation of participatory irrigation management (PIM). The river basin studies helped policy formulation for integrated planning and management of water resources besides the methodological contribution through the development of appropriate tools for water management studies. It also contributed to enhancing the capabilities of agency officials and local researchers through their involvement in research activities.
Exact law of live nature
Creators: name: Azbel', Mark Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact law of mortality dynamics in changing populations and environment is derived. The law is universal for all species, from single cell yeast to humans. It includes no characteristics of animal- environment interactions (metabolism etc) which are a must for life. Such law is unique for live systems with their homeostatic self-adjustment to environment. Its universal dynamics for all animals, with their drastically different biology, evolutionary history, and complexity, is also unique for live systems-cf different thermodynamics of e.g. liquids and glasses. The law which is valid for all live, and only live, systems is a life specific law of nature. Mortality is an instrument of natural selection and biological diversity. Its law which is preserved in evolution of all species is a conservation law of mortality, selection, evolution, biology. The law implies new kind of mortality and adaptation which dominate in evolutionary unprecedented protected populations and, in contrast to species specific natural selection, proceed via universal stepwise rungs. The law demonstrates that intrinsic mortality and at least certain aspects of aging are disposable evolutionary byproducts, and directed genetic and/or biological changes may yield healthy and vital Methuselah lifespan. This is consistent with experiments. Universality implies that single cell yeast may provide a master key to the cellular mechanism of universal mortality, aging, selection, evolution, and its regulation in all animals. One may look for its manifestations in animal cells also, e.g., in their replicative senescence.
Additional file 12 of The nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of Frieseomelitta varia – a highly eusocial stingless bee (Meliponini) with a permanently sterile worker caste
Creators: name: Freitas, Flávia C. De Paula
name: Lourenço, Anete P.
name: Nunes, Francis M. F.
name: Paschoal, Alexandre R.
name: Abreu, Fabiano C. P.
name: Barbin, Fábio O.
name: Bataglia, Luana
name: Cardoso-Júnior, Carlos A. M.
name: Cervoni, Mário S.
name: Silva, Saura R.
name: Dalarmi, Fernanda
name: Lama, Marco A. Del
name: Depintor, Thiago S.
name: Ferreira, Kátia M.
name: Gória, Paula S.
name: Jaskot, Michael C.
name: Lago, Denyse C.
name: Luna-Lucena, Danielle
name: Moda, Livia M.
name: Nascimento, Leonardo
name: Pedrino, Matheus
name: Oliveira, Franciene Rabiço
name: Sanches, Fernanda C.
name: Santos, Douglas E.
name: Santos, Carolina G.
name: Vieira, Joseana
name: Barchuk, Angel R.
name: Hartfelder, Klaus
name: Simões, Zilá L. P.
name: Bitondi, Márcia M. G.
name: Pinheiro, Daniel G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12 : Table S4 Results of the manual curation of 533 gene models generated by automatic prediction.
Approaches to Preceramic Polymer Fiber Fabrication
Creators: name: Kollarigowda, Ravichandran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340302
subject: Macromolecular materials
classificationCode: 401699
subject: Materials engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 401601
subject: Ceramics
classificationCode: 340306
subject: Polymerisation mechanisms
classificationCode: 370302
subject: Inorganic geochemistry
classificationCode: 401607
subject: Metals and alloy materials

description: The demand for lightweight, high-modulus, and temperature-resistant materials for aerospace and other high-temperature applications has contributed to the development of ceramic fibers that exhibit most of the favorable properties of monolithic ceramics. The preceramic polymer requirements for a fiber concoction include: (1) appropriate rheology for non-Newtonian flows of materials and appropriate viscosity during rotation; (2) reactivity to fuse the fibers for subsequent pyrolysis; (3) controlled degradation during pyrolysis to prevent disorders of the structure, such as scattered material, and to produce high-density fibers with high ceramic performance; (4) controlled formation of nano- or microstructures.
Ensuring a Sustainable, Enduring Agriculture
Creators: name: Horne, James E.
name: Horne, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: enduring agriculture
subject: sustainable agriculture
subject: resource scarcity
subject: rural development
subject: alternative food systems

description: During the farm crisis of the 1980s we began to better understand the inherent faults of an industrialized food system. Despite large gains in productivity, efficiency, and economies of size, thousands of farms were in foreclosure. Many farmers were overly extended in debt. Others were in trouble because of a combination of factors such as drought, low crop prices, high input prices, and the lack of competition in the marketplace. The end result was the loss of thousands of farmers and a subsequent decline in many rural communities. At the same time, a new vision of an enduring agriculture emerged. It was called sustainable agriculture. This new paradigm became attractive because it focused on solutions to the problems of the day. Sustainable agriculture offered hope to farmers that were willing to differentiate their product and add value to it, deal with ecological costs by using sustainable best management practices, and work to create equity in food system employment. Forming new links with consumers is enabling farmers to set their prices, and consumers are willing to pay to know more about their food.
Effects of Credit Constraints on Productivity and Rural Household Income in China
Creators: name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Lu, Jing
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Dong, Fengxia
name: Lu, Jing
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: credit constraint
subject: household income
subject: productivity
subject: rural China.

description: Agricultural production is strongly conditioned by the fact that inputs are transformed into outputs with considerable time lags, causing the rural household to balance its budget during the season when there are high expenditures for input purchases and consumption and few revenues. With limited access to credit, the budget balance within the year can become a constraint to agricultural production. As is the case in many developing countries, Chinese rural households have been suffering from a lack of access to capital. While China is one of the biggest countries in terms of rural areas and agricultural production, few studies have focused on the impact of credit on agriculture in China. Using survey data, this study aims to examine how credit constraints currently affect agricultural productivity and rural household income in China. The study findings suggest that under credit constraints, production inputs, along with farmers’ capabilities and education, cannot be fully employed. By removing credit constraints, agricultural productivity and rural household income can be improved.
Additional file 1 of Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge heritage
Creators: name: A. Prigioniero
name: A. Geraci
name: R. Schicchi
name: M. Tartaglia
name: D. Zuzolo
name: P. Scarano
name: M. Marziano
name: A. Postiglione
name: R. Sciarrillo
name: C. Guarino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary File 1. A wider and more complete database and the currently available data.
The Loss of fidelity due to quantum leakage for Josephson charge qubits
Creators: name: Liang, Xian-Ting
name: Xiong, Yong-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we calculate the loss of fidelity due to quantum leakage for the Josephson charge qubit (JCQ) in virtue of the Mathieu functions. It is shown that for an present typical parameters of JCQ E_{J}/E_{ch}~0.02, the loss of the fidelity per elementary operation is about 10^(-4) which satisfy the DiVincenzo's low decoherence criterion. By appropriately improving the design of the Josephson junction, namely, decreasing E_{J}/E_{ch} to 0.01, the loss of fidelity per elementary operation can decrease to 10^(-6) even smaller.
description: 6 pages
Polarized forward-backward asymmetries of leptons in (B_s -> l^+ l^- gamma) decay
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Bashiry, V.
name: Savci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized forward-backward asymmetries in the (B_s -> l^+ l^- gamma) decay are calculated using the most general, model independent form of the effective Hamiltonian, including all possible forms of interactions. The dependencies of the asymmetries on new Wilson coefficients are investigated. The detectability of the asymmetries at LHC is discussed.
description: 26 pages, 22 figures, LaTeX formatted
Additional file 2 of Effect of short-term prescription opioids on DNA methylation of the OPRM1 promoter
Creators: name: Sandoval-Sierra, Jose Vladimir
name: García, Francisco I. Salgado
name: Brooks, Jeffrey H.
name: Derefinko, Karen J.
name: Mozhui, Khyobeni
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Microarray data quality checks. a The density plots for the β-values (left: raw values; right: quantile normalized) using the full set of >850K probes show the expected bimodal distribution. b Unsupervised hierarchical clustering using 736,432 high quality probes shows that while many of the longitudinally collected data cluster appropriately with self, several samples do not cluster with self. This may be due to within-individual heterogeneity over time; however, a concerning possibility is errors in sample identity. c Repeating the unsupervised hierarchical clustering using probes that were flagged due to overlap with SNPs shows that all samples collected longitudinally from the same participant cluster with self, with the exception of only one participant who received prescription opioids (greyed: person ID 108). Person 108 paired with a participant who received no prescription opioids (person ID 122) and had no follow-up data (both 108 and 122 were excluded from the main statistical analyses). Note that this QC checks were done using data from the full set of recruited participants; however, participants who received no prescription opioids (and therefore no follow-up visits) were excluded from the main analyses.
Avalanche-driven fractal flux distributions in NbN superconducting films
Creators: name: Rudnev, I. A.
name: Shantsev, D. V.
name: Johansen, T. H.
name: Primenko, A. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flux distributions in thin superconducting NbN films placed in a perpendicular magnetic field have been studied using magneto-optical imaging. Below 5.5 K the flux penetrates in the form of abrupt avalanches resulting in dendritic structures. Magnetization curves in this regime exhibit extremely noisy behavior. Stability is restored both above a threshold temperature T* and applied field H*, where H* is smaller for increasing field than during descent. The dendrite size and morphology are strongly T dependent, and fractal analysis of the first dendrites entering into a virgin film shows that dendrites formed at higher T have larger fractal dimension.
description: 3 pages, 5 figures
Estimation of Actual and Potential Adoption Rates and Determinants of Improved Rice Variety Among Rice Farmers in Nigeria: The Case of NERICAs
Creators: name: Dontsop Nguezet, Paul Martin
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Okoruwa, Victor O.
name: Dontsop Nguezet, Paul Martin
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Okoruwa, Victor O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: NERICAs Adoption
subject: awareness
subject: Average Treatment Effect
subject: Nigeria

description: The article used the ATE estimation framework to derive consistent semi-parametric estimators of population adoption rates and their determinants of the NERICA (New Rice for Africa) rice varieties in Nigeria. Empirical evidence shows that the observed sample adoption rate does not consistently estimate the population adoption rate even if the sample is random. NERICA awareness was found to be a major constraint to NERICA adoption in Nigeria. Several socioeconomic/demographic characteristics were found to be important determinants of NERICA awareness and adoption. Among those factors are age, gender, major occupation, year of experience and vocational training. In particular, we have found that the NERICA adoption rate in Nigeria would have been up to 76% in 2008 instead of the actually observed 20% joint exposure and adoption rate, if the whole population were exposed to the NERICAs in 2008 or before. This justifies investing in the dissemination of the NERICA varieties; considering that the 76% is bound to increase significantly in the future as farmers learn more about the characteristics of the NERICAs and become comfortable with their performances.
Supermarkets, farm household income and poverty: Insights from Kenya
Creators: name: Rao, Elizaphan J.O.
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Rao, Elizaphan J.O.
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: supermarkets
subject: per capita income
subject: sample selection
subject: endogenous switching regression
subject: Kenya
subject: Africa

description: Expansion of supermarkets in developing countries is increasingly providing opportunities for farmers to participate in modern supply chains. While some farmers are excluded by stringent supermarket requirements, there are important gains for participating farmers. However, studies analyzing income effects of high-value chains use approaches that either show no causality or ignore structural differences between farmers in different channels. Using endogenous switching regression and data from a survey of vegetable growers in Kenya, we account for systematic differences and show that participation in supermarket chains yields 50% gain in household income leading to 33% reduction in poverty. Supermarket expansion is therefore likely to have substantial welfare effects if more farmers are supported to overcome inherent entry barriers.
Estimating Technical Efficiency, Input substitution and complementary effects using Output Distance Function: A study of Cassava production in Nigeria
Creators: name: Ogundari, Kolawole
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Ogundari, Kolawole
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Cassava
subject: technical efficiency
subject: inputs substitution
subject: complementary effects

description: In this study, we estimate an output distance function in the context of a multi-output and multi-input production technology by stochastic frontier techniques. Unbalanced panel data for smallholder farms that grown cassava and other crops in Southwestern Nigeria covering 2006/07 to 2008/09 farming seasons is used for the analysis. The results show that the marginal rate of transformation (MRT) between “other crops” grown by the farmers and cassava produced relative to the output mix is negative and significantly different from zero. We observed also that increasing returns-to-scale as well as technical progress characterized cassava production in the region. Furthermore, fertilizer and pesticides are found to have significant substitution effects on cassava production in the sample. We also found evidence that, in pairs, farm size and pesticides, labour and fertilizer as well as fertilizer and pesticides jointly exhibit significant complementary effects on cassava production in the region. An average technical efficiency level of 72.1 percent which implies approximately a 39 percent inefficiency level is observed from the study. Over the seasons, we found significant evidence of an increasing trend in technical efficiency level of the farms. Extension, credit and, occupation (i.e., full time farming) are indentified as efficiency increasing policy variables from the study.
Using Double-Log Imperfect Import Substitutes Model to Estimate Compensated Elasticities and Welfare Impacts
Creators: name: Musyoka, M.P.
name: Musyoka, M.P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Safeguard mechanism
subject: Imperfect import substitutes
subject: welfare impacts
subject: wheat
subject: Kenya

description: Decisions on the effects of safeguard mechanisms have been more on theoretical grounds often due to lack of precise estimation of elasticities that can be used to calibrate welfare effects. Alston et.al., (2002) demonstrate that the double logarithmic demand models can be augmented by Slutsky equation to create compensated demand equations which, when estimated result into precise compensates elasticities important for welfare analysis. This study demonstrates a similar adjustment on a dynamic double log Imperfect Import substitutes model to allow for estimation of compensated and uncompensated elasticities. Elasticities from three estimators OLS, SURE and IV indicate that imported wheat, maize and rice are normal commodities in Kenya. The uncompensated elasticities are bigger in magnitude than the compensated elasticities. Focusing on wheat, these compensated elasticities are subsequently used to estimate welfare measures of import tariffs or safeguard mechanisms through the manifested price changes. Results favour a non-tariff wheat importation regime and also favor consumer protection. The study recommends removal of the tariff rate and alternative ways of improving domestic wheat production rather than import restrictions.
Additional file 2 of Ethnobotany of dye plants in Southern Italy, Mediterranean Basin: floristic catalog and two centuries of analysis of traditional botanical knowledge heritage
Creators: name: A. Prigioniero
name: A. Geraci
name: R. Schicchi
name: M. Tartaglia
name: D. Zuzolo
name: P. Scarano
name: M. Marziano
name: A. Postiglione
name: R. Sciarrillo
name: C. Guarino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 1. Dye plants catalog, sorted by APG IV criteria.
Regional dairy production: short-term projections and expected demand for inputs
Creators: name: Laca-Vina, Hector R.
name: Bailey, William C.
name: Laca-Vina, Hector R.
name: Bailey, William C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Over the period 1991-2003, New Zealand’s milk production more than doubled. At the same time, dairy farming expanded its boundaries into non-traditional dairy production regions. The distribution of regional production is of particular interest because of effects on supply and demand balances for key inputs and outputs. Changes in the geographical distribution of dairy production alter local economic output and, consequently, income distribution and community viability. The aim of this paper is to present regional short-term estimates of demand for selected key production inputs and milk output. Short-term estimates for milk production and land use were derived based on past growth rates in stocking rate, cow numbers and productivity per cow for each region. Input demand forecasts were, in turn, derived using regional milk production and land use forecasts and baseline estimates of input and energy use reported in Wells (2001). Results indicate that by season 2006/07, the effective area devoted to dairy production will be at 1.56 million hectares, a 7% increase with respect to the 2003 baseline. However, contrary to what happened prior to 2003, almost all the gain in dairy area is explained by increases in the South Island. Over the same period, national milk production is expected to increase by 20% to 1,431 million kgs. MS. Similarly, the South Island accounted for much of the gain, increasing its share in total milk production to 34% up from 28% in 2003. It is expected that the use of inputs such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and sulphur per unit of area will intensify for all dairy regions. However, the increase in the use of inputs per unit of area relative to the baseline is lower in long-established dairy regions, Northland, South Auckland and Taranaki, than in non-traditional dairy regions like, North and South Canterbury, Otago and Southland.
Assimilation of surface weather observations in complex terrain
Creators: name: Deng, Xingxiu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Present computing power allows fine-resolution numerical weather prediction models to resolve meso-gamma flows within individual valleys. Such resolution is critical for mountainous British Columbia, because the valleys contain most of the population centers, industries, and transportation routes. Accurate high-resolution forecasts depend on accurate initial fields from which to start. To this end, dense local surface weather observations should be utilized to supplement the existing coarse-resolution Eta model analysis, while keeping computational costs of data assimilation reasonable for local mesoscale modeling. This dissertation develops a technique that allows the creation of a new anisotropic background-error correlation model for complex terrain, which horizontally spreads surface weather observations along circuitous valleys. The technique, called the mother-daughter approach, is based on first-order boundary-layer characteristics in mountainous terrain. The approach is further refined to account for land-sea anisotropy, and to treat mountaintop observations differently from valley observations. The resulting improved analysis from combining the detailed surface analysis with pseudo upper-air data from the Eta model analysis is used to initialize a high-resolution forecast model. The mother-daughter approaches are tested and compared with two existing methods, using virtual and real observations over different domains in mountainous British Columbia. It is found that the mother-daughter approaches outperform the other methods. The coastline refinement adds value to the original mother-daughter approach in maintaining thermal contrast across coastlines. Numerical experiments are performed to assess the impacts of assimilating surface observations in complex terrain on subsequent forecasts of near-surface parameters. Better skill in predicting near-surface potential temperature is found when surface information is spread upward throughout the whole boundary layer instead of at only one model level. Experimental results show improvement on subsequent near-surface forecasts of the variables (e.g., temperature and humidity) that are directly assimilated into the model. However, the assimilation forecast run tends to worsen the forecasts of near-surface winds, which were not assimilated. These findings are confirmed by operational runs, and only minor differences are found. In summary, a method is devised to bring local surface weather observations in complex terrain into a high-resolution forecast model. Suggestions are made to also assimilate surface-wind data.
Regional Fishery Management Organization as Games in Coalitional Form
Creators: name: Do, Kim Hang Pham
name: Folmer, Henk
name: Do, Kim Hang Pham
name: Folmer, Henk
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: international fisheries
subject: overexploitation
subject: partial cooperation
subject: games in partition function form
subject: competitive equilibrium
subject: modified Shapley value

description: This paper examines how a Regional Fisheries Management Organization (RFMO) might successfully achieve effective control of a high seas fishery in the context of partial cooperation. We analyse the feasible allocations of property rights among members of a given RFMO and coalitions of potential entrants. We demonstrate that the modified Shapley value is an appropriate device for the division of the gains from both partial and full cooperations.