cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Growth of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Gultekin, Kayhan
name: Miller, M. Coleman
name: Hamilton, Douglas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of numerical simulations of sequences of binary-single scattering events of black holes in dense stellar environments. The simulations cover a wide range of mass ratios from equal mass objects to 1000:10:10 solar masses and compare purely Newtonian simulations to simulations in which Newtonian encounters are interspersed with gravitational wave emission from the binary. In both cases, the sequence is terminated when the binary's merger time due to gravitational radiation is less than the arrival time of the next interloper. We find that black hole binaries typically merge with a very high eccentricity (0.93 < e < 0.95 pure Newtonian; 0.85 < e < 0.90 with gravitational wave emission) and that adding gravitational wave emission decreases the time to harden a binary until merger by ~ 30% to 40%. We discuss the implications of this work for the formation of intermediate-mass black holes and gravitational wave detection.
description: 28 pages including 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
TU Graz eLabFTW User Guide
Creators: name: Bardel, Alexander
Publisher: name: Graz University of Technology
Year: 2025

description: Der TU Graz eLabFTW User Guide dient als Handbook für registrierte Nutzer der elektronischen Laborbuchlösung eLabFTW der TU Graz. In diesem Guide werden alle Kernfunktionen des Tools erklärt und auf wichtige Eigenschaften von eLabFTW hingewiesen. Der Guide richtet sich an alle User des Tools. User die zusätzlich die Rolle eines Team Admins in eLabFTW ausführen können im Admin Guide (s. Related works) weitere Informationen finden.

Um weiterführende Informationen zu erhalten, können Sie sich auch an das RDM Team der TU Graz wenden: rdmteam@tugraz.atDer Guide ist nur in einer englischen Version verfügbar.
description: The TU Graz eLabFTW User Guide serves as a handbook for registered users of the electronic lab notebook solution eLabFTW at TU Graz. In this guide, all core functions of the tool are explained and important features of eLabFTW are pointed out. The guide is aimed at all users of the tool. Users who also fulfil the role of a team admin in eLabFTW can find further information in the Admin Guide (see Related works).

For further information, you can also contact the RDM team at TU Graz: rdmteam@tugraz.atThe guide is only available in an English version.
Publishing as an Agricultural Economist: Thoughts on Why, Where and How
Creators: name: Heckelei, Thomas
name: Heckelei, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: scientific publishing
subject: peer-reviewed articles
subject: journal choice
subject: paper writing
subject: wissenschaftliches Publizieren
subject: begutachtete Zeitschriftenbeiträge
subject: Zeitschriftenauswahl
subject: Schreiben von Beiträgen

description: Publishing provides the basis for scientific communication and thereby supports further scientific advances. Successfully publishing articles in peerreviewed journals has become increasingly important for building an academic career, also for agricultural economists. The aim of this article is to motivate and encourage young agricultural economists with limited or no publishing experience to write research articles and submit them to peer-reviewed journals. In order to achieve this, some arguments are given ‘why’ peerreviewed publishing is a worthwhile exercise. Then a look at journal quality and choice in our discipline addresses the ‘where’. Finally a significant part is devoted to ‘how’ to write a paper suggesting a potentially useful sequence of steps and discussing elements and style of a typical empirical research article. Publizieren ist die Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation und trägt somit auch wesentlich zum wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt bei. Die erfolgreiche Veröffentlichung von Artikeln in begutachteten Fachzeitschriften hat mittlerweile eine große Bedeutung für die akademische Karriere, auch für Agrarökonomen. Das Ziel des Beitrags ist die Motivation und Ermutigung junger Agrarökonomen mit begrenzter oder fehlender Publikationserfahrung, Artikel zu schreiben und bei begutachteten Fachzeitschriften einzureichen. Zu diesem Zweck werden zunächst einige Argumente genannt, ‚warum‘ dies eine sinnvolle Aktivität ist. Die Frage, ‚wo‘ veröffentlicht werden soll, wird anschließend angegangen mit Betrachtungen zur Zeitschriftenqualität und -auswahl. Ein wesentlicher Teil des Beitrags beschäftigt sich aber schließlich mit dem ‚Wie‘ des Schreibens eines Artikels. Dabei wird eine aus Sicht des Autors nützliche Vorgehensweise vorgeschlagen und Elemente und Stil eines typischen, empirisch ausgerichteten Forschungsbeitrages diskutiert.
Fast and reliable MCMC for cosmological parameter estimation
Creators: name: Dunkley, Joanna
name: Bucher, Martin
name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
name: Moodley, Kavilan
name: Skordis, Constantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques are now widely used for cosmological parameter estimation. Chains are generated to sample the posterior probability distribution obtained following the Bayesian approach. An important issue is how to optimize the efficiency of such sampling and how to diagnose whether a finite-length chain has adequately sampled the underlying posterior probability distribution. We show how the power spectrum of a single such finite chain may be used as a convergence diagnostic by means of a fitting function, and discuss strategies for optimizing the distribution for the proposed steps. The methods developed are applied to current CMB and LSS data interpreted using both a pure adiabatic cosmological model and a mixed adiabatic/isocurvature cosmological model including possible correlations between modes. For the latter application, because of the increased dimensionality and the presence of degeneracies, the need for tuning MCMC methods for maximum efficiency becomes particularly acute.
description: 12 pages, 17 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
MOESM1 of Effect of hospital volume on outcomes of total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mufarrih, Syed
name: Ghani, Muhammad
name: Martins, Russell
name: Qureshi, Nada
name: Sayyeda Mufarrih
name: Azeem Malik
name: Noordin, Shahryar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Study characteristics.
Changes of Coastal Wetland Ecosystems in the Yellow River Delta and Protection Countermeasures to Them
Creators: name: Cui, Guangzhou
name: Zhang, Xuliang
name: Zhang, Zhaohui
name: Xu, Zongjun
name: Cui, Guangzhou
name: Zhang, Xuliang
name: Zhang, Zhaohui
name: Xu, Zongjun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: The Yellow River Delta
subject: Coastal wetland
subject: Ecosystem
subject: Changes
subject: Protection countermeasures

description: Coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta are typical new wetland ecosystems in warm temperate zone. In recent years, influenced by natural and human factors, these coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta have undergone changes of landscape fragmentation, vegetation degradation, pollution, species reduction, and harmful exotic species invasion. These changes have influenced sustainable and healthy development of marine economy of the Yellow River Delta. To protect natural ecological environment of the Yellow River Delta, the authors recommended that it should establish and improve policies, laws and regulations of wetland protection; carry out wetland resource investigation and assessment and monitoring; strengthen comprehensive protection and control of wetland; reduce wetland degradation and promote sustainable use of wetland.
MOESM1 of Utilisation and financial protection for hospital care under publicly funded health insurance in three states in Southern India
Creators: name: Garg, Samir
name: Sayantan Chowdhury
name: T. Sundararaman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Study Variables.
Characteristics of interaction between Gravitons and Photons
Creators: name: S, Athira B
name: Mandal, Susobhan
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct detection of gravitational waves from binary mergers has been hailed as the discovery of the century. In the light of recent evidence on the existence of gravitational waves, it is now possible to know about the properties of matter under extreme conditions in compact astrophysical objects and different dynamical spacetimes. The foremost theme of the present article is to bring out the various features of the interaction between photons and gravitons that can be used in astrophysical observations. The effective action of interacting photons containing light-matter coupling and self-interaction term is constructed by eliminating the graviton degrees of freedom coupled to both matter and photons. It is shown that the equation of state of matter can be probed from the dynamics of light in this theory. The vacuum birefringence is also shown to be a generic property in this theory that arises from the non-linear nature of the self-interaction between gauge fields. Further, the non-local nature of quantum effective action with modified dispersion relation is also discussed in great detail. The above results also open an alternate way to infer the properties of gravitational waves without their direct measurement using the features of photon-graviton interaction.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures
Dysregulation of TFEB contributes to manganese-induced autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes
Creators: name: Ziyan Zhang
name: Jingqi Yan
name: Bowman, Aaron B.
name: Bryan, Miles R.
name: Rajat Singh
name: Aschner, Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Epidemiological and clinical studies have long shown that exposure to high levels of heavy metals are associated with increased risks of neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely accepted that autophagic dysfunction is involved in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of heavy metals in regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy is unclear. Here, we show that manganese (Mn) induces a decline in nuclear localization of TFEB (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, leading to autophagic dysfunction in astrocytes of mouse striatum. We further show that Mn exposure suppresses autophagic-lysosomal degradation of mitochondria and induces accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin or TFEB overexpression ameliorates Mn-induced mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in astrocytes, suggesting a causal relation between autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in Mn toxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Mn inhibits TFEB activity, leading to impaired autophagy that is causally related to mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for Mn in dysregulation of autophagy and identify TFEB as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate Mn toxicity. BECN1: beclin 1; CTSD: cathepsin D; DMEM: Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium; GFAP: glial fibrillary acid protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HBSS: hanks balanced salt solution; LAMP: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; Lys Inh: lysosomal inhibitors; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mn: manganese; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PI: propidium iodide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; s.c.: subcutaneous; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB
Solar image denoising with convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Baso, C. J. Díaz
name: Rodríguez, J. de la Cruz
name: Danilovic, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The topology and dynamics of the solar chromosphere are greatly affected by the presence of magnetic fields. The magnetic field can be inferred by analyzing polarimetric observations of spectral lines. Polarimetric signals induced by chromospheric magnetic fields are, however, particularly weak, and in most cases very close to the detection limit of current instrumentation. Because of this, there are only few observational studies that have successfully reconstructed the three components of the magnetic field vector in the chromosphere. Traditionally, the signal-to-noise ratio of observations has been improved by performing time-averages or spatial averages, but in both cases, some information is lost. More advanced techniques, like principal-component-analysis, have also been employed to take advantage of the sparsity of the observations in the spectral direction. In the present study, we propose to use the spatial coherence of the observations to reduce the noise using deep-learning techniques. We design a neural network that is capable of recovering weak signals under a complex noise corruption (including instrumental artifacts and non-linear post-processing). The training of the network is carried out without a priori knowledge of the clean signals, or an explicit statistical characterization of the noise or other corruption. We only use the same observations as our generative model. The performance of this method is demonstrated on both, synthetic experiments and real data. We show examples of the improvement in typical signals obtained in current telescopes such as the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope. The presented method can recover weak signals equally well no matter on what spectral line or spectral sampling is used. It is especially suitable for cases when the wavelength sampling is scarce.
description: 13 pages; accepted for publication in A&A
Magnetic field dependent transmission phase of a double dot system in a quantum ring
Creators: name: Sigrist, M.
name: Fuhrer, A.
name: Ihn, T.
name: Ensslin, K.
name: Ulloa, S. E.
name: Wegscheider, W.
name: Bichler, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aharonov-Bohm effect is measured in a four-terminal open ring geometry based on a Ga[Al]As heterostructure. Two quantum dots are embedded in the structure, one in each of the two interfering paths. The number of electrons in the two dots can be controlled independently. The transmission phase is measured as electrons are added to or taken away from the individual quantum dots. Although the measured phase shifts are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions, the phase evolution exhibits unexpected dependence on the magnetic field. For example, phase lapses are found only in certain ranges of magnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Optical coherence tomography angiography measured area of retinal neovascularization is predictive of treatment response and progression of disease in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Creators: name: Vergmann, Anna Stage
name: Sørensen, Kristian Tølbøl
name: Torp, Thomas Lee
name: Kawasaki, Ryo
name: Wong, Tien
name: Tunde Peto
name: Grauslund, Jakob
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary information.
Learning Hybrid Algorithms for Vehicle Routing Problems
Creators: name: Caseau, Yves
name: Silverstein, Glenn
name: Laburthe, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.6; D.3.2

description: This paper presents a generic technique for improving hybrid algorithms through the discovery of and tuning of meta-heuristics. The idea is to represent a family of push/pull heuristics that are based upon inserting and removing tasks in a current solution, with an algebra. We then let a learning algorithm search for the best possible algebraic term, which represents a hybrid algorithm for a given set of problems and an optimization criterion. In a previous paper, we described this algebra in detail and provided a set of preliminary results demonstrating the utility of this approach, using vehicle routing with time windows (VRPTW) as a domain example. In this paper we expand upon our results providing a more robust experimental framework and learning algorithms, and report on some new results using the standard Solomon benchmarks. In particular, we show that our learning algorithm is able to achieve results similar to the best-published algorithms using only a fraction of the CPU time. We also show that the automatic tuning of the best hybrid combination of such techniques yields a better solution than hand tuning, with considerably less effort.
description: Appeared in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, vol. 1, no. 6, 2001
Protection of Geographical Indication Intellectual Property of Tea in Zhejiang Province
Creators: name: Sun, Zhiguo
name: Xiong, Wanzhen
name: Wang, Shuting
name: Zhong, Xuebin
name: Sun, Zhiguo
name: Xiong, Wanzhen
name: Wang, Shuting
name: Zhong, Xuebin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Tea
subject: Geographical indication
subject: Geographical indication intellectual property
subject: Zhejiang Province

description: As to tea resources in Zhejiang Province at present, there are 8 kinds of national geographical indication products, 23 national geographical indication trademarks, and 7 kinds of national geographical indication of agricultural products. From the geographical indication protection, geographical indication trademark registration, geographical indication registration of agricultural products, we conduct a analysis on the current protection of geographical indication intellectual property of tea in Zhejiang Province, and put forth the following countermeasures: (i) Based on the relevant tangible cultural heritage and natural heritage, conducting in-depth study on the characteristics of natural factors and human factors concerning geographical indication of famous tea; (ii) Based on the protection pattern of national geographical indication products, registering the national geographical indication trademarks, and registering the national agricultural product geographical indication; (iii) Taking full advantage of special mark of geographical indication products and agricultural brand heritage, and integrating the tea brands within the scope of protection of geographical indication; (iv) Exploiting and arranging the intangible cultural heritage related to tea, strengthening the intangible cultural heritage protection of tea in the province, and endeavoring to include Longjing tea in the world's intangible cultural heritage list on traditional craftsmanship of green tea.
Locality of quark-hadron duality and deviations from quark counting rules above resonance region
Creators: name: Zhao, Qiang
name: Close, Frank E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how deviations from the dimensional scaling laws for exclusive processes may be related to a breakdown in the locality of quark-hadron duality. The essential principles are illustrated in a pedagogic model of a composite system with two spinless charged constituents, for which a dual picture for the low-energy resonance phenomena and high-energy scaling behavior can be established. We introduce the concept of "restricted locality" of quark-hadron duality and show how this results in deviations from the pQCD quark counting rules above the resonance region. In particular it can be a possible source for oscillations about the smooth quark counting rule, as seen e.g. in the 90-degree differential cross sections for $γp\to π^+ n$.
description: The way to present Eqs. (2), (4), (7) are changed while physics contents and calculations are left intact; Additional explanations for the forward and large-angle duality are added; Three more references are included; Version to appear on Phys. Rev. Lett
No existence of the geometric potential for a Dirac fermion on two-dimensional curved surfaces of revolution
Creators: name: Yang, Z. Q.
name: Zhou, X. Y.
name: Li, Z.
name: Du, W. K.
name: Liu, Q. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a free particle that non-relativistically moves on a curved surface, there are curvature-induced quantum potentials that significantly influence the surface quantum states, but the experimental results in topological insulators, whenever curved or not, indicate no evidence of such a potential, implying that there does not exist such a quantum potential for the relativistic particles, constrained on the surface or not. Within the framework of Dirac quantization scheme, we demonstrate a general result that for a Dirac fermion on a two-dimensional curved surface of revolution, no curvature-induced quantum potential is permissible.
description: 6 pages, no figures. Typos corrected
Lensing Optical Depth for Substructure and Isolated Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Chen, Jacqueline
name: Kravtsov, Andrey V.
name: Keeton, Charles R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiply-imaged quasar lenses can be used to constrain the substructure mass fraction in galaxy-sized dark matter halos via anomalous flux ratios in lensed images. The flux ratios, however, can be affected by both the substructure in the lens halo and by isolated small-mass halos along the entire line-of-sight to the lensed source. While lensing by dark matter clumps near the lens galaxy is more efficient than elsewhere, the cumulative effect of all objects along the line-of-sight could be significant. Here we estimate the potential contribution of isolated clumps to the substructure lensing signal using a simple model motivated by cosmological simulations. We find that the contribution of isolated clumps to the total lensing optical depth ranges from a few to tens percent, depending on assumptions and the particular configuration of the lens. Therefore, although the contribution of isolated clumps to the lensing signal is not dominant, it should not be neglected in detailed analyses of substructure lensing. For the currently favored Lambda-CDM model, the total calculated optical depth for lensing is high, tau ~ 0.2-20 and could, therefore, naturally explain the high frequency of anomalous flux ratios in observed lenses. The prediction, however, is highly sensitive to the spatial distribution of substructure halos in the innermost regions of the lens halo, which is still very uncertain. Therefore, constraints on the properties of the substructure population or accurate cosmological constraints, such as the mass of the warm dark matter particle, are difficult if not impossible to derive at this point.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJ, accepted version
Additional file of Using geo-spatial analysis for assessing the risk of hospital admissions due to community-acquired pneumonia in under-5 children and its association with socially vulnerable areas (Brazil)
Creators: name: Pina, Juliana Coelho
name: Alves, Luana Seles
name: Luiz Henrique Arroyo
name: Arcêncio, Ricardo Alexandre
name: Gondim, Ellen Cristina
name: De Carvalho Furtado, Maria Cândida
name: De Mello, Débora Falleiros
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file of Using geo-spatial analysis for assessing the risk of hospital admissions due to community-acquired pneumonia in under-5 children and its association with socially vulnerable areas (Brazil)
Dynamic instabilities of fracture under biaxial strain using a phase field model
Creators: name: Henry, Herve
name: Levine, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a phase field model of the propagation of fracture under plane strain. This model, based on simple physical considerations, is able to accurately reproduce the different behavior of cracks (the principle of local symmetry, the Griffith and Irwin criteria, and mode-I branching). In addition, we test our model against recent experimental findings showing the presence of oscillating cracks under bi-axial load. Our model again reproduces well observed supercritical Hopf bifurcation, and is therefore the first simulation which does so.
Physics-Based Iterative Reconstruction for Dual Source and Flying Focal Spot Computed Tomography
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao
name: MacDougall, Robert D.
name: Chen, Peng
name: Bouman, Charles A.
name: Warfield, Simon K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For single source helical Computed Tomography (CT), both Filtered-Back Projection (FBP) and statistical iterative reconstruction have been investigated. However for dual source CT with flying focal spot (DS-FFS CT), statistical iterative reconstruction that accurately models the scanner geometry and physics remains unknown to researchers. Therefore, this paper presents a novel physics-based iterative reconstruction method for DS-FFS CT and assess its image quality. Our algorithm uses precise physics models to reconstruct from the native cone-beam geometry and interleaved dual source helical trajectory of a DS-FFS CT. To do so, we construct a noise physics model to represent data acquisition noise and a prior image model to represent image noise and texture. In addition, we design forward system models to compute the locations of deflected focal spots, the dimension and sensitivity of voxels and detector units, as well as the length of intersection between X-rays and voxels. The forward system models further represent the coordinated movement between the dual sources by computing their X-ray coverage gaps and overlaps at an arbitrary helical pitch. With the above models, we reconstruct images by using an advanced Consensus Equilibrium (CE) numerical method to compute the maximum a posteriori estimate to a joint optimization problem that simultaneously fits all models. We compared our reconstruction with Siemens ADMIRE, which is the clinical standard hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) method for DS-FFS CT, in terms of spatial resolution, noise profile and image artifacts through both phantoms and clinical datasets. Experiments show that our reconstruction has a consistently higher spatial resolution than the clinical standard hybrid IR. In addition, our reconstruction shows a reduced magnitude of image undersampling artifacts than the clinical standard.
MOESM2 of Assessing attitudes towards medical assisted dying in Canadian family medicine residents: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wong, Aaron
name: Hsu, Amy
name: Tanuseputro, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Logistic Regression Examining Exposure to Death and Dying on Residentsâ€™ Willingness to Participate in MAID.
Short Non-Binary Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for Phase Noise Channels
Creators: name: Ninacs, Tudor
name: Matuz, Balázs
name: Liva, Gianluigi
name: Colavolpe, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work considers the design of short non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over finite fields of order m, for channels with phase noise. In particular, m-ary differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulated code symbols are transmitted over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with Wiener phase noise. At the receiver side, non-coherent detection takes place, with the help of a multi-symbol detection algorithm, followed by a non-binary decoding step. Both the detector and decoder operate on a joint factor graph. As a benchmark, finite length bounds and information rate expressions are computed and compared with the codeword error rate (CER) performance, as well as the iterative threshold of the obtained codes. As a result, performance within 1:2 dB from finite-length bounds is obtained, down to a CER of 1e-3.
Dysregulation of TFEB contributes to Manganese-induced Autophagic Failure and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Astrocytes
Creators: name: Ziyan Zhang
name: Jingqi Yan
name: Bowman, Aaron B.
name: Bryan, Miles R.
name: Rajat Singh
name: Aschner, Michael
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Epidemiological and clinical studies have long shown that exposure to high levels of heavy metals are associated with increased risks of neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely accepted that autophagic dysfunction is involved in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of heavy metals in regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy is unclear. Here, we show that manganese (Mn) induces a decline in nuclear localization of TFEB (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, leading to autophagic dysfunction in astrocytes of mouse striatum. We further show that Mn exposure suppresses autophagic-lysosomal degradation of mitochondria and induces accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin or TFEB overexpression ameliorates Mn-induced mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in astrocytes, suggesting a causal relation between autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in Mn toxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Mn inhibits TFEB activity, leading to impaired autophagy that is causally related to mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for Mn in dysregulation of autophagy and identify TFEB as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate Mn toxicity.
Model Asset eXchange: Path to Ubiquitous Deep Learning Deployment
Creators: name: Bozarth, Alex
name: Dwyer, Brendan
name: Hu, Fei
name: Jalova, Daniel
name: Muthuraman, Karthik
name: Pentreath, Nick
name: Plovyt, Simon
name: de Queiroz, Gabriela
name: Swaminathan, Saishruthi
name: Titzler, Patrick
name: Wu, Xin
name: Xu, Hong
name: Reiss, Frederick R
name: Bommireddipalli, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A recent trend observed in traditionally challenging fields such as computer vision and natural language processing has been the significant performance gains shown by deep learning (DL). In many different research fields, DL models have been evolving rapidly and become ubiquitous. Despite researchers' excitement, unfortunately, most software developers are not DL experts and oftentimes have a difficult time following the booming DL research outputs. As a result, it usually takes a significant amount of time for the latest superior DL models to prevail in industry. This issue is further exacerbated by the common use of sundry incompatible DL programming frameworks, such as Tensorflow, PyTorch, Theano, etc. To address this issue, we propose a system, called Model Asset Exchange (MAX), that avails developers of easy access to state-of-the-art DL models. Regardless of the underlying DL programming frameworks, it provides an open source Python library (called the MAX framework) that wraps DL models and unifies programming interfaces with our standardized RESTful APIs. These RESTful APIs enable developers to exploit the wrapped DL models for inference tasks without the need to fully understand different DL programming frameworks. Using MAX, we have wrapped and open-sourced more than 30 state-of-the-art DL models from various research fields, including computer vision, natural language processing and signal processing, etc. In the end, we selectively demonstrate two web applications that are built on top of MAX, as well as the process of adding a DL model to MAX.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Demo paper
A novel transgenic zebrafish line allows for in vivo quantification of autophagic activity in neurons
Creators: name: Sataree Khuansuwan
name: Barnhill, Lisa M.
name: Sizhu Cheng
name: Bronstein, Jeff M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The pathophysiology of most neurodegenerative diseases includes aberrant accumulation of protein aggregates. Recent evidence highlights the role of protein degradation pathways in neurodegeneration. Concurrently, genetic tools have been generated to enable zebrafish, Danio rerio, to be used as an animal model to study neurodegenerative processes. In addition to optical clarity and fast ex utero development, the zebrafish brain is relatively small and has conserved structures with its mammalian counterparts. To take advantage of this model organism and to aid further studies on autophagy and neurodegeneration, we created a stable transgenic zebrafish line that expresses eGFP-Map1lc3b specifically in post-mitotic neurons under the elavl3 promoter. This line is useful for indirectly monitoring autophagic activity in neurons in vivo and screening for macroautophagy/autophagy-modulating compounds. We determined the applicability of this transgenic line by modulating and quantifying the number of autophagosomes via treatment with a known autophagy inducer (rapamycin) and inhibitors (3-methyladenine, protease inhibitors). Additionally, we proposed an in vivo method for quantifying rates of autophagosome accumulation, which can be used to infer occurrence of autophagic flux. Last, we tested two FDA-approved drugs currently undergoing clinical studies for Parkinson disease, isradipine and nilotinib, and found that isradipine did not modulate autophagy, whereas nilotinib induced both autophagosome number and autophagic flux. It is hoped that others will find this line useful as an in vivo vertebrate model to find or validate autophagy modulators that might be used to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. 3MA: 3-methyladenine; BafA: bafilomycin A1; dd: dorsal diencephalon; dpf: days post fertilization; e: eye; eGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; Elavl3: ELAV like neuron-specific RNA binding protein 3; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; hb: habenula; hpt, hours post treatment; Map1lc3b: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; nt: neural tube; ot, optic tectum; P/E: pepstatin A and E64d; PD: Parkinson disease; PMTs: photomultiplier tubes; PTU: 1-phenyl-2-thiourea; Ta: annealing temperature; Tel, telencephalon
Closed-Form Full Map Posteriors for Robot Localization with Lidar Sensors
Creators: name: Luft, Lukas
name: Schaefer, Alexander
name: Schubert, Tobias
name: Burgard, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A popular class of lidar-based grid mapping algorithms computes for each map cell the probability that it reflects an incident laser beam. These algorithms typically determine the map as the set of reflection probabilities that maximizes the likelihood of the underlying laser data and do not compute the full posterior distribution over all possible maps. Thereby, they discard crucial information about the confidence of the estimate. The approach presented in this paper preserves this information by determining the full map posterior. In general, this problem is hard because distributions over real-valued quantities can possess infinitely many dimensions. However, for two state-of-the-art beam-based lidar models, our approach yields closed-form map posteriors that possess only two parameters per cell. Even better, these posteriors come for free, in the sense that they use the same parameters as the traditional approaches, without the need for additional computations. An important use case for grid maps is robot localization, which we formulate as Bayesian filtering based on the closed-form map posterior rather than based on a single map. The resulting measurement likelihoods can also be expressed in closed form. In simulations and extensive real-world experiments, we show that leveraging the full map posterior improves the localization accuracy compared to approaches that use the most likely map.
description: 7 pages
Near-Infrared Colors of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and Cosmic Reionization History
Creators: name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Nakamura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the near-infrared (NIR) observations of the afterglows of the high redshift ($5 \la z \la 25$) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which will be detected by the {\it Swift} satellite, we discuss a way to study the cosmic reionization history. In principle the details of the cosmic reionization history are well imprinted in the NIR spectra of the GRB afterglows. However the spectroscopy with a space telescope is required to obtain such an information for a very high redshift ($z\ga 15$) unless the neutral fraction of the high-$z$ universe is less than $10^{-6}$. The broad-band photometry has the higher sensitivity than that of the spectroscopy, so that the NIR photometric follow-up of the GRB afterglows is very promising to examine the cosmic reionization history. A few minutes exposure with a 8-m class ground-based telescope of the afterglow of the high-$z$ GRBs will reveal how many times the reionization occurred in the universe.
description: 14 pages (emulateapj; 6 figures), ApJ submitted (revised version)
A LOFAR census of non-recycled pulsars: extending below 80 MHz
Creators: name: Bilous, A. V.
name: Bondonneau, L.
name: Kondratiev, V. I.
name: Griessmeier, J. -M.
name: Theureau, G.
name: Hessels, J. W. T.
name: Kramer, M.
name: van Leeuwen, J.
name: Sobey, C.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: ter Veen, S.
name: Weltevrede, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from the low-frequency (40--78 MHz) extension of the first LOFAR pulsar census of non-recycled pulsars. We have used the Low-Band Antennas of the LOFAR core stations to observe 87 pulsars out of 158 that have been detected previously with the High-Band Antennas. Forty-three pulsars have been detected and we present here their flux densities and flux-calibrated profiles. Seventeen of these pulsars have not been, to our knowledge, detected before at such low frequencies. We re-calculate the spectral indices using the new low-frequency flux density measurements from the LOFAR census and discuss the prospects of studying pulsars at the very low frequencies with the current and upcoming facilities, such as NenuFAR.
description: submitted to A&A
Towards an assessment of the accuracy of density functional theory for first principles simulations of water II
Creators: name: Schwegler, E.
name: Grossman, G. C.
name: Gygi, F.
name: Galli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of 20 ps ab initio molecular dynamic simulations of water at ambient density and temperatures ranging from 300 to 450K are presented. Both Car-Parrinello (CP) and Born-Oppenheimer (BO) molecular dynamics techniques are compared for systems containing 54 and 64 water molecules. At 300K, excellent agreement is found between radial distribution functions (RDFs) obtained with BO and CP dynamics, provided an appropriately small value of the fictitious mass parameter is used in the CP simulation. However, we find that the diffusion coefficients computed from CP dynamics are approximately two times larger than the corresponding BO simulations for T>400K, where statistically meaningful comparisons can be made. Overall, both BO and CP dynamics at 300 K yield overstructured RDFs and slow diffusion as compared to experiment. In order to understand these discrepancies, the effect of proton quantum motion is considered with the use of empirical interaction potentials. We find strong evidence that proton quantum effects may have a larger impact than previously thought on structure and diffusion of the liquid.
description: Final version, accepted for publication in JCP
DAMA results
Creators: name: Bernabei, R.
name: Belli, P.
name: Cappella, F.
name: Cerulli, R.
name: Montecchia, F.
name: Nozzoli, F.
name: Incicchitti, A.
name: Prosperi, D.
name: Dai, C. J.
name: Kuang, H. H.
name: Ma, J. M.
name: Ye, Z. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DAMA is an observatory for rare processes based on the development and use of various kinds of radiopure scintillators. Several low background set-ups have been realized with passing and many rare processes have been investigated. Main activities are briefly summarized in the following and the main arguments on the results achieved in the investigation of the WIMP annual modulation signature are addressed. Next perspectives are also mentioned.
description: Contributed paper to X International Workshop on "Neutrino Telescopes", Venice 2003, ROM2F/2003/9
Three-dimensional and four-dimensional scalar, vector, tensor cosmological fluctuations and the cosmological decomposition theorem
Creators: name: Phelps, Matthew G.
name: Amarasinghe, Asanka
name: Mannheim, Philip D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In cosmological perturbation theory it is convenient to use the scalar, vector, tensor (SVT) basis as defined according to how these components transform under 3-dimensional rotations. In attempting to solve the fluctuation equations that are automatically written in terms of gauge-invariant combinations of these components, the equations are taken to break up into separate SVT sectors, the decomposition theorem. Here, without needing to specify a gauge, we solve the fluctuation equations exactly for some standard cosmologies, to show that in general the various gauge-invariant combinations only separate at a higher-derivative level. To achieve separation at the level of the fluctuation equations themselves one has to assume boundary conditions for the higher-derivative equations. While asymptotic conditions suffice for fluctuations around a dS background or a $k=0$ RW background, for fluctuations around a $k\neq 0$ RW background one additionally has to require that the fluctuations be well-behaved at the origin. We show that in certain cases the gauge-invariant combinations themselves involve both scalars and vectors. For such cases there is no decomposition theorem for the individual SVT components themselves, but for the gauge-invariant combinations there still can be. Given the lack of manifest covariance in defining a basis with respect to 3-dimensional rotations, we introduce an alternate SVT basis whose components are defined according to how they transform under 4-dimensional general coordinate transformations. With this basis the fluctuation equations greatly simplify, and while one can again break them up into separate gauge-invariant sectors at the higher-derivative level, in general we find that even with boundary conditions we do not obtain a decomposition theorem in which the fluctuations separate at the level of the fluctuation equations themselves.
description: 61 pages