cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Critical behavior in topological ensembles
Creators: name: Bulycheva, K.
name: Gorsky, A.
name: Nechaev, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the relation between three physical problems: 2D directed lattice random walks, ensembles of $T_{n,n+1}$ torus knots, and instanton ensembles in 5D SQED with one compact dimension in $Ω$ background and with 5D Chern-Simons term at the level one. All these ensembles exhibit the critical behavior typical for the "area+length+corners" statistics of grand ensembles of 2D directed paths. Using the combinatorial description, we obtain an explicit expression of the generating function for $q$-Narayana numbers which amounts to the new critical behavior in the ensemble of $T_{n,n+1}$ torus knots and in the ensemble of instantons in 5D SQED. Depending on the number of the nontrivial fugacities, we get either the critical point, or cascade of critical lines and critical surfaces. In the 5D gauge theory the phase transition is of the 3rd order, while in the ensemble of paths and ensemble of knots it is typically of the 1st order. We also discuss the relation with the integrable models.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; the paper is essentially reworked
Perivascular Delivery of Blebbistatin Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia after Carotid Injury in the Mouse
Creators: name: Zhang, J.
name: Li, J.
name: Pathak, A.
name: Stouffer, G. A.
name: Huang, J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC) require myosin II activity; thus, we examined whether blebbistatin, a cell-permeable selective inhibitor of myosin II ATP activity, would impair neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Delivery of blebbistatin via a perivascular polymer cuff reduced neointimal formation by 73% and luminal obstruction by 75% after carotid denudation injury in C57BL/6 mice. Blebbistatin treatment was also associated with a reduction in cell density within the neointima; total number of cells (76 ± 7 to 27 ± 3 cells/high-powered field) and actin-positive cells (64 ± 4 to 24 ± 2 cells/high-powered field) in the neointima were reduced in blebbistatin-treated mice compared with vehicle-treated mice. In a model of vascular injury with an intact endothelium, implantation of a blebbistatin-secreting cuff after carotid ligation in FVB/N mice was associated with a 61% decrease in neointimal area and a significant decrease in luminal obstruction (88 ± 4% in vehicle-treated mice versus 36 ± 4% in blebbistatin-treated mice; p < 0.0001). In cultured rat aortic SMC, blebbistatin disrupted cellular morphology and actin cytoskeleton structure, and these effects were rapid and completely reversible. Blebbistatin had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on DNA replication and cell proliferative responses to platelet-derived growth factor-BB, angiotensin II, and α-thrombin, migratory responses to serum, and migratory responses after blunt injury. In summary, perivascular delivery of blebbistatin reduced neointimal hyperplasia after carotid injury in the mouse.
Structured data and collaborative curation: WikiProjects and Wikidata
Creators: name: Mietchen, Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: wikidata

description: A contribution to WikidataCon 2023, as per https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon2023/talk/ALYH9W/.
 
Abstract (English): 
WikiProjects are one of the mechanism by which Wikimedians coordinate their contributions to Wikimedia projects. They had already seen considerable evolution before Wikidata was launched, and experiences from other wikis are still shaping the way WikiProjects work on Wikidata. There are three main ways in which Wikidata interacts with WikiProjects: (i) Wikidata stores data about WikiProjects across Wikimedia projects, (ii) some WikiProjects are active on Wikidata, (iii) some WikiProjects make active use of structured data from Wikidata. All of these types of interactions continue to shape collaborative curation workflows across Wikimedia projects. This session is to provide an overview of the current state of such interactions and then to zoom in on how structured data or the lack thereof contribute to WikiProject-based collaborative curation workflows. 
 
Abstract (Chinese): 
維基專題是維基人進行共同貢獻的系統之一。早在維基數據開始之前,維基專題已然發展多年並有過多次轉變,時至今日,來自其他維基專案的經驗與成果仍在持續的影響並形塑維基專題在維基數據中的樣貌。目前,維基專題與維基數據主要有三種互動類型: 1. 維基專題使用維基數據作為其跨維基媒體專案工作資料的儲存庫。 2. 維基專題直接對於維基數據平台進行活動。 3. 維基專題於活動中大量應用來自於維基數據平台上的結構化資料。 上述的三種互動模式持續地在影響著各個維基媒體專案中維基人們的共同工作流程。在本次的討論,我們將會提供對這些互動模式的簡略介紹,並針對結構化資料,或者說缺乏結構化資料,是如何影響維基媒體專案上的共同工作流程進行探討。
Narrow band selected high redshift galaxy candidates contaminated by lower redshift O[III] ultrastrong emitter line galaxies
Creators: name: Pénin, Aurélie
name: Cuby, Jean-Gabriel
name: Clément, Benjamin
name: Hibon, Pascale
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Cassata, Paolo
name: Ilbert, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Lyman Break Galaxies (LBG) and Narrow Band (NB) surveys have been successful at detecting large samples of high-redshift galaxies. Both methods are subject to contamination from low-redshift interlopers. Aims. In this paper, our aim is to investigate the nature of low-redshift interlopers in NB Lyman-$α$ emitters (LAE) searches. Methods. From previous HAWK-I NB imaging at z $\sim$7.7 we identify three objects that would have been selected as high-redshift LAEs had our optical data been one magnitude shallower (but still one to two magnitudes fainter than the near infrared data). We follow-up these objects in spectroscopy with XSHOOTER at the VLT. Results. Despite low quality data due to bad weather conditions, for each of the three objects we identify one, and only one emission line, in the spectra of the objects, that we identify as the O[III]5007A line. This result combined to spectral energy density fitting and tests based on line ratios of several populations of galaxies we infer that the 3 objects are ultrastrong line emitters at redshifts $\sim$1.1. Conclusions. From this work and the literature we remark that the O[III] line appears to be a common source of contamination in high-redshift LBG and LAE samples and we suggest that efforts be put to characterize with high accuracy the O[III] luminosity function out to redshift $\sim$3 or higher.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by A&A
Constraints on warm dark matter from weak lensing in anomalous quadruple lenses
Creators: name: Inoue, Kaiki Taro
name: Takahashi, Ryuichi
name: Takahashi, Tomo
name: Ishiyama, Tomoaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the weak lensing effect by line-of-sight structures with a surface mass density of = 1.3keV(95%CL) assuming that the density of the primary lens is described by a singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE). The obtained constraint is consistent with those from Lyman-$α$ forests and the number counts of high-redshift galaxies at z>4. Our results show that WDM with a free-streaming comoving wavenumber k_{fs} <= 27 h/Mpc is disfavored as the major component of cosmological density at redshifts 0.5
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, version accepted in MNRAS. Information about k_cut is added in table 5 and figure 4
Regulators of G-Protein Signaling and Their G  Substrates: Promises and Challenges in Their Use as Drug Discovery Targets
Creators: name: Giguere, P. M.
name: Bosch, D. E.
name: Kimple, A. J.
name: Siderovski, D. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Because G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) continue to represent excellent targets for the discovery and development of small-molecule therapeutics, it is posited that additional protein components of the signal transduction pathways emanating from activated GPCRs themselves are attractive as drug discovery targets. This review considers the drug discovery potential of two such components: members of the “regulators of G-protein signaling” (RGS protein) superfamily, as well as their substrates, the heterotrimeric G-protein α subunits. Highlighted are recent advances, stemming from mouse knockout studies and the use of “RGS-insensitivity” and fast-hydrolysis mutations to Gα, in our understanding of how RGS proteins selectively act in (patho)physiologic conditions controlled by GPCR signaling and how they act on the nucleotide cycling of heterotrimeric G-proteins in shaping the kinetics and sensitivity of GPCR signaling. Progress is documented regarding recent activities along the path to devising screening assays and chemical probes for the RGS protein target, not only in pursuits of inhibitors of RGS domain-mediated acceleration of Gα GTP hydrolysis but also to embrace the potential of finding allosteric activators of this RGS protein action. The review concludes in considering the Gα subunit itself as a drug target, as brought to focus by recent reports of activating mutations to GNAQ and GNA11 in ocular (uveal) melanoma. We consider the likelihood of several strategies for antagonizing the function of these oncogene alleles and their gene products, including the use of RGS proteins with Gαq selectivity.
A statistical test for Nested Sampling algorithms
Creators: name: Buchner, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nested sampling is an iterative integration procedure that shrinks the prior volume towards higher likelihoods by removing a "live" point at a time. A replacement point is drawn uniformly from the prior above an ever-increasing likelihood threshold. Thus, the problem of drawing from a space above a certain likelihood value arises naturally in nested sampling, making algorithms that solve this problem a key ingredient to the nested sampling framework. If the drawn points are distributed uniformly, the removal of a point shrinks the volume in a well-understood way, and the integration of nested sampling is unbiased. In this work, I develop a statistical test to check whether this is the case. This "Shrinkage Test" is useful to verify nested sampling algorithms in a controlled environment. I apply the shrinkage test to a test-problem, and show that some existing algorithms fail to pass it due to over-optimisation. I then demonstrate that a simple algorithm can be constructed which is robust against this type of problem. This RADFRIENDS algorithm is, however, inefficient in comparison to MULTINEST.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. Published in Statistics and Computing, Springer, September 2014
Remote Control of Neuronal Signaling
Creators: name: Roth, B. L.
name: Rogan, S. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: A significant challenge for neuroscientists is to determine how both electrical and chemical signals affect the activity of cells and circuits and how the nervous system subsequently translates that activity into behavior. Remote, bidirectional manipulation of those signals with high spatiotemporal precision is an ideal approach to addressing that challenge. Neuroscientists have recently developed a diverse set of tools that permit such experimental manipulation with varying degrees of spatial, temporal, and directional control. These tools use light, peptides, and small molecules to primarily activate ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that in turn activate or inhibit neuronal firing. By monitoring the electrophysiological, biochemical, and behavioral effects of such activation/inhibition, researchers can better understand the links between brain activity and behavior. Here, we review the tools that are available for this type of experimentation. We describe the development of the tools and highlight exciting in vivo data. We focus primarily on designer GPCRs (receptors activated solely by synthetic ligands, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) and microbial opsins (e.g., channelrhodopsin-2, halorhodopsin, Volvox carteri channelrhodopsin) but also describe other novel techniques that use orthogonal receptors, caged ligands, allosteric modulators, and other approaches. These tools differ in the direction of their effect (activation/inhibition, hyperpolarization/depolarization), their onset and offset kinetics (milliseconds/minutes/hours), the degree of spatial resolution they afford, and their invasiveness. Although none of these tools is perfect, each has advantages and disadvantages, which we describe, and they are all still works in progress. We conclude with suggestions for improving upon the existing tools.
Effects of Alterations in Cannabinoid Signaling, Alone and in Combination with Morphine, on Pain-Elicited and Pain-Suppressed Behavior in Mice
Creators: name: Dykstra, L. A.
name: Schmidt, K. T.
name: Picker, M. J.
name: Umberger, M. D.
name: Miller, L. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and anandamide (AEA) uptake, which limit the degradation of endogenous cannabinoids, have received interest as potential therapeutics for pain. There is also evidence that endogenous cannabinoids mediate the antinociceptive effects of opioids. Assays of pain-elicited and pain-suppressed behavior have been used to differentiate the effects of drugs that specifically alter nociception from drugs that alter nociception caused by nonspecific effects such as catalepsy or a general suppression of activity. Using such procedures, this study examines the effects of the direct cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) agonist (−)-cis-3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-trans-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol (CP55940), the FAAH inhibitor cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3′-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester (URB597), and the AEA uptake inhibitor N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) arachidonylamide (AM404). Additional experiments examined these compounds in combination with morphine. CP55940 produced antinociception in assays of pain-elicited, but not pain-suppressed, behavior and disrupted responding in an assay of schedule-controlled behavior. URB597 and AM404 produced antinociception in assays of pain-elicited and pain-suppressed behavior in which acetic acid was the noxious stimulus, but had no effect on the hotplate and schedule-controlled responding. CP55940 in combination with morphine resulted in effects greater than those of morphine alone in assays of pain-elicited and scheduled-controlled behavior but not pain-suppressed behavior. URB597 in combination with morphine resulted in enhanced morphine effects in assays of pain-elicited and pain-suppressed behavior in which diluted acetic acid was the noxious stimulus, but did not alter morphine's effects on the hotplate or schedule-controlled responding. These studies suggest that, compared with direct CB1 agonists, manipulations of endogenous cannabinoid signaling have enhanced clinical potential; however, their effects depend on the type of noxious stimulus.
Anisotropic model for the fabrication of Annealed and Reverse Proton Exchanged waveguides in congruent Lithium Niobate
Creators: name: Lenzini, Francesco
name: Kasture, Sachin
name: Haylock, Ben
name: Lobino, Mirko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An anisotropic model for the fabrication of annealed and reverse proton exchange waveguides in lithium niobate is presented. We characterized the anisotropic diffusion properties of proton exchange, annealing and reverse proton exchange in Z-cut and X-cut substrates using planar waveguides. Using this model we fabricated high quality channel waveguides with propagation losses as low as 0.086 dB/cm and a coupling efficiency with optical fiber of 90% at 1550 nm. The splitting ratio of a set of directional couplers is predicted with an accuracy of +- 0.06.
Pharmacologic Targeting of Bacterial  -Glucuronidase Alleviates Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Enteropathy in Mice
Creators: name: Bendel, L.
name: LoGuidice, A.
name: Redinbo, M. R.
name: Boelsterli, U. A.
name: Wallace, B. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Small intestinal mucosal injury is a frequent adverse effect caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The underlying mechanisms are not completely understood, but topical (luminal) effects have been implicated. Many carboxylic acid-containing NSAIDs, including diclofenac (DCF), are metabolized to acyl glucuronides (AGs), and/or ether glucuronides after ring hydroxylation, and exported into the biliary tree. In the gut, these conjugates are cleaved by bacterial β-glucuronidase, releasing the potentially harmful aglycone. We first confirmed that DCF-AG was an excellent substrate for purified Escherichia coli β-d-glucuronidase. Using a previously characterized novel bacteria-specific β-glucuronidase inhibitor (Inhibitor-1), we then found that the enzymatic hydrolysis of DCF-AG in vitro was inhibited concentration dependently (IC50 ∼164 nM). We next hypothesized that pharmacologic inhibition of bacterial β-glucuronidase would reduce exposure of enterocytes to the aglycone and, as a result, alleviate enteropathy. C57BL/6J mice were administered an ulcerogenic dose of DCF (60 mg/kg i.p.) with or without oral pretreatment with Inhibitor-1 (10 μg per mouse, b.i.d.). Whereas DCF alone caused the formation of numerous large ulcers in the distal parts of the small intestine and increased (2-fold) the intestinal permeability to fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, Inhibitor-1 cotreatment significantly alleviated mucosal injury and reduced all parameters of enteropathy. Pharmacokinetic profiling of DCF plasma levels in mice revealed that Inhibitor-1 coadministration did not significantly alter the Cmax, half-life, or area under the plasma concentration versus time curve of DCF. Thus, highly selective pharmacologic targeting of luminal bacterial β-d-glucuronidase by a novel class of small-molecule inhibitors protects against DCF-induced enteropathy without altering systemic drug exposure.
HARMONY: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a culturally competent systems intervention to prevent and reduce domestic violence among migrant and refugee families in general practice: study protocol
Creators: name: Taft, Angela
name: Young, Felicity
name: Hegarty, Kelsey
name: Yelland, Jane
name: Mazza, Danielle
name: Boyle, Douglas
name: Norman, Richard
name: García-Moreno, Claudia
name: Nguyen, Cattram Duong
name: Li, Xia
name: Pokharel, Bijaya
name: Allen, Molly
name: Feder, Gene
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Protocol for the Harmony study, which aimed to test a culturally safe intervention to improve GP identification and referral among South Asian families.
Expected volume and Euler characteristic of random submanifolds
Creators: name: Letendre, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a closed manifold of positive dimension $n$, we estimate the expected volume and Euler characteristic for random submanifolds of codimension $r\in \{1,...,n\}$ in two different settings. On one hand, we consider a closed Riemannian manifold and some positive $λ$. Then we take $r$ independent random functions in the direct sum of the eigenspaces of the Laplace-Beltrami operator associated to eigenvalues less than $λ$ and consider the random submanifold defined as the common zero set of these $r$ functions. We compute asymptotics for the mean volume and Euler characteristic of this random submanifold as $λ$ goes to infinity. On the other hand, we consider a complex projective manifold defined over the reals, equipped with an ample line bundle $\mathcal{L}$ and a rank $r$ holomorphic vector bundle $\mathcal{E}$ that are also defined over the reals. Then we get asymptotics for the expected volume and Euler characteristic of the real vanishing locus of a random real holomorphic section of $\mathcal{E}\otimes\mathcal{L}^d$ as $d$ goes to infinity. The same techniques apply to both settings.
description: Final version, accepted for publication in J. Funct. Anal., 50 pages.A change in notational convention impacts the statement of the main theorems and most formulas
The Asymptotic Cooling of Heat-Bath Algorithmic Cooling
Creators: name: Raeisi, Sadegh
name: Mosca, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The purity of quantum states is a key requirement for many quantum applications. Improving the purity is limited by fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Here we are probing the fundamental limits for a natural approach to this problem, namely heat-bath algorithmic cooling(HBAC). The existence of the cooling limit for HBAC techniques was proved by Schulman et al. in, the limit however remained unknown for the past decade. Here for the first time we find this limit. In the context of quantum thermodynamics, this corresponds to the maximum extractable work from the quantum system.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, In the new version we clarified the main proofs and moved parts to the main body of the paper. Elaborated on implications for more general initial states. Additional references added. Minor corrections and changes
Deformation statistics of sub-Kolmogorov-scale ellipsoidal neutrally buoyant drops in isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: Biferale, Luca
name: Meneveau, Charles
name: Verzicco, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small droplets in turbulent flows can undergo highly variable deformations and orientational dynamics. For neutrally buoyant droplets smaller than the Kolmogorov scale, the dominant effects from the surrounding turbulent flow arise through Lagrangian time histories of the velocity gradient tensor. Here we study the evolution of representative droplets using a model that includes rotation and stretching effects from the surrounding fluid, and restoration effects from surface tension including a constant droplet volume constraint, while assuming that the droplets maintain an ellipsoidal shape. The model is combined with Lagrangian time histories of the velocity gradient tensor extracted from DNS of turbulence to obtain simulated droplet evolutions. These are used to characterize the size, shape and orientation statistics of small droplets in turbulence. A critical capillary number, $Ca_c$ is identified associated with unbounded growth of one or two of the droplet's semi-axes. Exploiting analogies with dynamics of polymers in turbulence, the $Ca_c$ number can be predicted based on the large deviation theory for the largest Finite Time Lyapunov exponent. Also, for sub-critical $Ca$ the theory enables predictions of the slope of the power-law tails of droplet size distributions in turbulence. For cases when the viscosities of droplet and outer fluid differ in a way that enables vorticity to decorrelate the shape from the straining directions, the large deviation formalism based on the stretching properties of the velocity gradient tensor loses validity and its predictions fail. Even considering the limitations of the assumed ellipsoidal droplet shape, the results highlight the complex coupling between droplet deformation, orientation and the local fluid velocity gradient tensor to be expected when small viscous drops interact with turbulent flows.
Cardiac Alpha1-Adrenergic Receptors: Novel Aspects of Expression, Signaling Mechanisms, Physiologic Function, and Clinical Importance
Creators: name: O'Connell, T. D.
name: Baker, A. J.
name: Jensen, B. C.
name: Simpson, P. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Adrenergic receptors (AR) are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have a crucial role in cardiac physiology in health and disease. Alpha1-ARs signal through Gαq, and signaling through Gq, for example, by endothelin and angiotensin receptors, is thought to be detrimental to the heart. In contrast, cardiac alpha1-ARs mediate important protective and adaptive functions in the heart, although alpha1-ARs are only a minor fraction of total cardiac ARs. Cardiac alpha1-ARs activate pleiotropic downstream signaling to prevent pathologic remodeling in heart failure. Mechanisms defined in animal and cell models include activation of adaptive hypertrophy, prevention of cardiac myocyte death, augmentation of contractility, and induction of ischemic preconditioning. Surprisingly, at the molecular level, alpha1-ARs localize to and signal at the nucleus in cardiac myocytes, and, unlike most GPCRs, activate “inside-out” signaling to cause cardioprotection. Contrary to past opinion, human cardiac alpha1-AR expression is similar to that in the mouse, where alpha1-AR effects are seen most convincingly in knockout models. Human clinical studies show that alpha1-blockade worsens heart failure in hypertension and does not improve outcomes in heart failure, implying a cardioprotective role for human alpha1-ARs. In summary, these findings identify novel functional and mechanistic aspects of cardiac alpha1-AR function and suggest that activation of cardiac alpha1-AR might be a viable therapeutic strategy in heart failure.
La Carta geologica del Parco Naturale Regionale dei Monti Simbruini.
Creators: name: Pantaloni, Marco
name: D'Orefice, Maurizio
name: Fabbi, Simone
name: Pichezzi, Rita Maria
name: Falcetti, Silvana
name: Roma, Mauro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: geological map
geology
geosites
Natural park
Lazio

description: Il Parco Naturale Regionale dei Monti Simbruini rappresenta la più vasta area protetta del Lazio, è estesa su un territorio di 29.990 ettari tra le province di Roma e Frosinone.
A seguito di un accordo di convenzione tra l'ISPRA e l'Ente Parco, nel 2019 è stata realizzata la "Carta geologica del Parco Naturale dei Monti Simbruini", alla scala di 1:35.000.
Questa presentazione illustra i motivi, le modalità e la procedura utilizzata per la realizzazione di questo prodotto cartografico originale, le cui finalità sono quelle di diffondere le conoscenze geologiche acquisite dai ricercatori dell'ISPRA a stakeholder non specialisti: insegnanti di scienze, studenti, escursionisti.
Ethanol Activation of Protein Kinase A Regulates GABAA  1 Receptor Function and Trafficking in Cultured Cerebral Cortical Neurons
Creators: name: Morrow, A. L.
name: Werner, D. F.
name: Carlson, S. L.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Comerford, C. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Ethanol exposure produces alterations in GABAergic signaling that are associated with dependence and withdrawal. Previously, we demonstrated that ethanol-induced protein kinase C (PKC) γ signaling selectively contributes to changes in GABAAα1 synaptic receptor activity and surface expression. Here, we demonstrate that protein kinase A (PKA) exerts opposing effects on GABAA receptor adaptations during brief ethanol exposure. Cerebral cortical neurons from day 0–1 rat pups were tested after 18 days in culture. Receptor trafficking was assessed by Western blot analysis, and functional changes were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of evoked and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) responses. One-hour ethanol exposure increased membrane-associated PKC and PKA, but steady-state GABAAα1 subunit levels were maintained. Activation of PKA by Sp-adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine alone increased GABAAα1 subunit surface expression and zolpidem potentiation of GABA responses, whereas coexposure of ethanol with the PKA inhibitor Rp-adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine decreased α1 subunit expression and zolpidem responses. Exposure to the PKC inhibitor calphostin-C with ethanol mimicked the effect of direct PKA activation. The effects of PKA modulation on mIPSC decay τ were consistent with its effects on GABA currents evoked in the presence of zolpidem. Overall, the results suggest that PKA acts in opposition to PKC on α1-containing GABAA receptors, mediating the GABAergic effects of ethanol exposure, and may provide an important target for the treatment of alcohol dependence/withdrawal.
Frame-independent holographic conserved charges
Creators: name: Hyun, Seungjoon
name: Jeong, Jaehoon
name: Park, Sang-A
name: Yi, Sang-Heon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the modified form of the conventional holographic conserved charges which provides us the frame-independent expressions for charges. This form is also preferable to the conventional one since it is independent of the holographic renormalization scheme. We show the frame and scheme independence through the matching of our holographic expression to the covariant bulk expression of conserved charges. As an explicit example, we consider five-dimensional AdS Kerr black holes and show that our form of holographic conserved charges gives us the identical expressions in the rotating and non-rotating frames.
description: 1+11 pages, plain LaTeX, v2: typos in eqs. fixed, v3 version to appear in PRD
Rhythmicity, Recurrence, and Recovery of Flagellar Beating
Creators: name: Wan, Kirsty Y.
name: Goldstein, Raymond E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The eukaryotic flagellum beats with apparently unfailing periodicity, yet responds rapidly to stimuli. Like the human heartbeat, flagellar oscillations are now known to be noisy. Using the alga \textit{C. reinhardtii}, we explore three aspects of nonuniform flagellar beating. We report the existence of rhythmicity, waveform noise peaking at transitions between power and recovery strokes, and fluctuations of interbeat intervals that are correlated and even recurrent, with memory extending to hundreds of beats. These features are altered qualitatively by physiological perturbations. Further, we quantify the recovery of periodic breastroke beating from transient hydrodynamic forcing. These results will help constrain microscopic theories on the origins and regulation of flagellar beating.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Gs-Coupled Adenosine Receptors Differentially Limit Antigen-Induced Mast Cell Activation
Creators: name: Tilley, S. L.
name: Acosta, T.
name: Jania, C.
name: Chason, K. D.
name: Hua, X.
name: Ledent, C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Mast cell activation results in the immediate release of proinflammatory mediators prestored in cytoplasmic granules, as well as initiation of lipid mediator production and cytokine synthesis by these resident tissue leukocytes. Allergen-induced mast cell activation is central to the pathogenesis of asthma and other allergic diseases. Presently, most pharmacological agents for the treatment of allergic disease target receptors for inflammatory mediators. Many of these mediators, such as histamine, are released by mast cells. Targeting pathways that limit antigen-induced mast cell activation may have greater therapeutic efficacy by inhibiting the synthesis and release of many proinflammatory mediators produced in the mast cell. In vitro studies using cultured human and mouse mast cells, and studies of mice lacking A2B receptors, suggest that adenosine receptors, specifically the Gs-coupled A2A and A2B receptors, might provide such a target. Here, using a panel of mice lacking various combinations of adenosine receptors, and mast cells derived from these animals, we show that adenosine receptor agonists provide an effective means of inhibition of mast cell degranulation and induction of cytokine production both in vitro and in vivo. We identify A2B as the primary receptor limiting mast cell degranulation, whereas the combined activity of A2A and A2B is required for the inhibition of cytokine synthesis.
Bosonic Many-body Theory of Quantum Spin Ice
Creators: name: Hao, Zhihao
name: Day, Alexandre G. R.
name: Gingras, M. J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out an analytical study of quantum spin ice, a U$(1)$ quantum spin liquid close to the classical spin ice solution for an effective spin $1/2$ model with anisotropic exchange couplings $J_{zz}$, $J_{\pm}$ and $J_{z\pm}$ on the pyrochlore lattice. Starting from the quantum rotor model introduced by Savary and Balents in Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 037202 (2012), we retain the dynamics of both the spinons and gauge field sectors in our treatment. The spinons are described by a bosonic representation of quantum XY rotors while the dynamics of the gauge field is captured by a phenomenological Hamiltonian. By calculating the one-loop spinon self-energy, which is proportional to $J_{z\pm}^2$, we determine the stability region of the U$(1)$ quantum spin liquid phase in the $J_{\pm}/J_{zz}$ vs $J_{z\pm}/J_{zz}$ zero temperature phase diagram. From these results, we estimate the location of the boundaries between the spin liquid phase and classical long-range ordered phases.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures. The published version
Photonic lattice simulation of dissipation-induced correlations in bosonic systems
Creators: name: Rai, Amit
name: Lee, Changhyoup
name: Noh, Changsuk
name: Angelakis, Dimitris G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an optical simulation of dissipation-induced correlations in one-dimensional (1D) interacting bosonic systems, using a two-dimensional (2D) array of linear photonic waveguides and only classical light. We show that for the case of two bosons in a 1D lattice, one can simulate on-site two-body dissipative dynamics using a linear 2D waveguide array with lossy diagonal waveguides. The intensity distribution of the propagating light directly maps out the wave function, allowing one to observe the dissipation-induced correlations with simple measurements. Beyond the on-site model, we also show that a generalised model containing nearest-neighbour dissipative interaction can be engineered and probed in the proposed set-up.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Hepatic Basolateral Efflux Contributes Significantly to Rosuvastatin Disposition I: Characterization of Basolateral Versus Biliary Clearance Using a Novel Protocol in Sandwich-Cultured Hepatocytes
Creators: name: Pfeifer, N. D.
name: Brouwer, K. L. R.
name: Yang, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Basolateral efflux clearance (CLBL) contributes significantly to rosuvastatin (RSV) elimination in sandwich-cultured hepatocytes (SCH). The contribution of CLBL to RSV hepatic elimination was determined in single-pass isolated perfused livers (IPLs) from wild-type (WT) and multidrug resistance–associated protein 2 (Mrp2)-deficient (TR−) rats in the absence and presence of the P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) inhibitor, elacridar (GF120918); clearance values were compared with SCH. RSV biliary clearance (CLBile) was ablated almost completely by GF120918 in TR− IPLs, confirming that Mrp2 and Bcrp primarily are responsible for RSV CLBile. RSV appearance in outflow perfusate was attributed primarily to CLBL, which was impaired in TR− IPLs. CLBL was ∼6-fold greater than CLBile in the linear range in WT IPLs in the absence of GF120918. Recovery of unchanged RSV in liver tissue increased in TR− compared with WT (∼25 versus 6% of the administered dose) due to impaired CLBL and CLBile. RSV pentanoic acid, identified by high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy, comprised ∼40% of total liver content and ∼16% of the administered dose in TR− livers at the end of perfusion, compared with ∼30 and 3% in WT livers, consistent with impaired RSV excretion and “shunting” to the metabolic pathway. In vitro–ex vivo extrapolation between WT SCH and IPLs (without GF120918) revealed that uptake clearance and CLBL were 4.2- and 6.4-fold lower, respectively, in rat SCH compared with IPLs; CLBile translated almost directly (1.1-fold). The present IPL data confirmed the significant role of CLBL in RSV hepatic elimination, and demonstrated that both CLBL and CLBile influence RSV hepatic and systemic exposure.
title: Der lange Schatten der Demokratie
Creators: name: Harb, Alexander
Year: 2021

description: Die Entstehung des modernen Nationalstaates ist aufs Engste mit der Etablierung der Demokratie verbunden, die sich in den letzten zwei Jahrhunderten zur nahezu unangefochtenen Legitimationsgrundlage des Staates erhoben hat. Doch ist das Konzept der Demokratie keineswegs undifferenziert zu betrachten. Obgleich die liberal-repräsentative Ausgestaltung der Demokratie gemeinhin als einzig legitime Form der Demokratie wahrgenommen wird, birgt das Konzept der Demokratie ideologische Ambiguitäten in sich, die bei der Bewertung von Demokratie Beachtung finden sollten, um dadurch nicht zuletzt eine differenziertere Krisendiagnostik zu ermöglichen und gegenwärtige Konflikte über die Demokratie besser einzuordnen. Dabei handelt es sich vor allem um die Vorstellung eines Radikalen Demokratismus, der insofern als radikal bezeichnet wird, da er als die revolutionäre Neukonstitution und Legitimation des modernen Staates im Gegensatz zu der legitimatorischen Architektur der Monarchie begriffen wird. Diese ideologische Ausgestaltung einer „reinen“ Demokratie rekurriert radikal auf das Prinzip der Volkssouveränität, das jedoch in entscheidenden Punkten von einem liberalen-repräsentativem Konstitutionalismus abweicht und somit insbesondere in staatsrechtlicher und legitimatorischer Hinsicht weitreichende Ambivalenzen hervorruft. Die folgende Arbeit möchte sich diesen Ambivalenzen und ihren gegenwärtigen Ausprägung aus einer konzeptionellen und ideengeschichtlichen Perspektive widmen, wobei die Arbeit des politischen Soziologen Heinz Otto Zieglers als theoretischer Bezugsrahmen dienen soll. Das Ziel der Arbeit besteht darin, ein differenzierendes Verständnis der Demokratie und ihrem strukturell engem Verhältnis zum Nationalstaat anzubieten, um damit auf potentielle Gefahren und Widersprüchlichkeiten hinzuweisen, die dem Konzept der Demokratie inhärent sind, oder anders ausgedrückt: Die ihr wie ein Schatten anhängen.
Integrating Optogenetic and Pharmacological Approaches to Study Neural Circuit Function: Current Applications and Future Directions
Creators: name: Mason, A. O.
name: Stuber, G. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Optogenetic strategies to control genetically distinct populations of neurons with light have been rapidly evolving and widely adopted by the neuroscience community as one of the most important tool sets to study neural circuit function. Although optogenetics have already reshaped neuroscience by allowing for more precise control of circuit function compared with traditional techniques, current limitations of these approaches should be considered. Here, we discuss several strategies that combine optogenetic and contemporary pharmacological techniques to further increase the specificity of neural circuit manipulation. We also discuss recent advances that allow for the selective modulation of cellular function and gene expression with light. In addition, we outline a novel application of optogenetic circuit analysis for causally addressing the role of pathway-specific neural activity in mediating alterations in postsynaptic transcriptional processing in genetically defined neurons. By determining how optogenetic activation of specific neural circuits causally contributes to alterations in gene expression in a high-throughput fashion, novel biologic targets for future pharmacological intervention may be uncovered. Lastly, extending this experimental pipeline to selectively target pharmacotherapies to genetically defined neuronal populations or circuits will not only provide more selective control of neural circuits, but also may lead to the development of neural circuit specific pharmacological therapeutics.
Is GPR17 a P2Y/Leukotriene Receptor? Examination of Uracil Nucleotides, Nucleotide Sugars, and Cysteinyl Leukotrienes as Agonists of GPR17
Creators: name: Nicholas, R. A.
name: Harden, T. K.
name: Qi, A.-D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The orphan receptor GPR17 has been reported to be activated by UDP, UDP-sugars, and cysteinyl leukotrienes, and coupled to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and inhibition of cAMP accumulation, but other studies have reported either a different agonist profile or lack of agonist activity altogether. To determine if GPR17 is activated by uracil nucleotides and leukotrienes, the hemagglutinin-tagged receptor was expressed in five different cell lines and the signaling properties of the receptor were investigated. In C6, 1321N1, or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing GPR17, UDP, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and cysteinyl leukotriene C4 (LTC4) all failed to promote inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation, whereas both UDP and UDP-glucose promoted marked inhibition (>80%) of forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in C6 and CHO cells expressing the P2Y14 receptor. Likewise, none of these compounds promoted accumulation of inositol phosphates in COS-7 or human embryonic kidney 293 cells transiently transfected with GPR17 alone or cotransfected with Gαq/i5, which links Gi-coupled receptors to the Gq-regulated phospholipase C (PLC) signaling pathway, or PLCε, which is activated by the Gα12/13 signaling pathway. Moreover, none of these compounds promoted internalization of GPR17 in 1321N1-GPR17 cells. Consistent with previous reports, coexpression experiments of GPR17 with cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1) suggested that GPR17 acts as a negative regulator of CysLTR1. Taken together, these data suggest that UDP, UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and LTC4 are not the cognate ligands of GPR17.
Updated cosmic-ray and radio constraints on light dark matter: Implications for the GeV gamma-ray excess at the Galactic center
Creators: name: Bringmann, Torsten
name: Vollmann, Martin
name: Weniger, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The apparent gamma-ray excess in the Galactic center region and inner Galaxy has attracted considerable interest, notably because both its spectrum and radial distribution are consistent with an interpretation in terms of annihilating dark matter particles with a mass of about 10-40 GeV. We confront such an interpretation with an updated compilation of various indirect dark matter detection bounds, which we adapt to the specific form required by the observed signal. We find that cosmic-ray positron data strongly rule out dark matter annihilating to light leptons, or 'democratically' to all leptons, as an explanation of the signal. Cosmic-ray antiprotons, for which we present independent and significantly improved limits with respect to previous estimates, are already in considerable tension with DM annihilation to any combination of quark final states; the first set of AMS-02 data will thus be able to rule out or confirm the DM hypothesis with high confidence. For reasonable assumptions about the magnetic field in the Galactic center region, radio observations independently put very severe constraints on a DM interpretation of the excess, in particular for all leptonic annihilation channels.
description: 23 pages revtex, 19 figures, 1 table. Extended discussion of antiproton limits and added references. Matches published version
Heavy metal fractionation studies in tidal sediment cores in the clam farms from Tan Thanh commune, Go Cong dong district, Tien Giang province, Vietnam
Creators: name: Nguyen, Mai Lan
Publisher: name: Journal of Vietnamese Environment
Year: 2018

description: Results are presented from a study of the distribution of heavy metals in chemical fractions in tidal sediment cores at 4 sample stations inside the baby clam breeding plain, inside the harvested clam breeding plain, and on the frontier between the plains in the clam farms in Tan Thanh, Go Cong Dong, Tien Giang, Vietnam. The partitioning of metals among the compartments of the sediment solid phase was investigated indirectly by selective sequential extractions of a seven-step procedure adapted from Leleyter and Probst. The chemical forms were labeled according to the targeted geochemical compartments during each extraction step include water-soluble, exchangeable, bound to carbonates, bound to Mn oxides, bound to amorphous Fe oxides, bound to crystalline Fe oxides, associated with organics and residual. The heavy metal content (Co, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr) in chemical fractions in sediment cores sliced in three depths (0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40 – 60cm) was analyzed by ICP-MS. The highest concentration of heavy metals was found in the oxidable fraction. The data more than 60% shows an important role of organic matters in the oxidable condition at the surficial sediment layer. The heavy metal concentrations depend on the depth of sediment show that clam’s digestive activity or the decomposition of tissue and shell of clams possibly affects the content of heavy metals. Bài báo giới thiệu các kết quả nghiên cứu về sự phân bố kim loại nặng dưới các dạng liên kết khác nhau trong các mẫu lõi trầm tích tại các bãi nuôi nghêu giống, bãi nuôi nghêu sau khi đã thu hoạch, vàranh giới giữa các bãi nuôi nghêu tại xã Tân Thành, huyện Gò Công Đông, tỉnh Tiền Giang, Việt Nam. Các dạng pha liên kết bao gồm: 1.pha hòa tan; 2. pha trao đổi; 3.liên kết với các bô nát; 4. liên kết với Man gan ô xít; 5. liên kết với sắt ô xít vô định hình; 6. liên kết với sắt ô xít dạng tinh thể; 7. liên kết với thành phần hữu cơ và; 8. Phần bã rắn. Trong các kim loại nặng (KLN) được phân tích, hàm lượng Zn và Hg vượt quá tiêu chuẩn cho phép QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT lần lượt từ 1,12 – 3,53 và 24,58 – 171,96 lần. Hàm lượng KLN tồn tại nhiều nhất dưới dạng liên kết với các thành phần có khả năng ô xi hóa với tỉ lệ hơn 60% chỉ ra vai trò của thành phần hữu cơ trong điều kiện ô xi hóa tại lớp trầm tích tầng mặt. Sau các thành phần có khả năng ôxi hóa, các KLN hiện diện trong phần bã rắn nhiều hơn trong các pha khác. Sự có mặt của KLN trong phần bã rắn chỉ ra mức độ ô nhiễm của hệ thống sông: càng nhiều phần trăm KLN có mặt trong phần bã rắn, càng ít ô nhiễm trong môi trường bởi phần bã rắn này liên quan đến các thành phần không thể bị rửa tách. Sự phụ thuộc theo độ sâu của hàm lượng kim loại nặng đưa ra khả năng về sự ảnh hưởng của hoạt động tiêu hóa và quá trình phân hủy của nghêu lên hàm lượng kim loại nặng.
description: Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 10 No 2 (2018)