cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seeing a Bayesian ghost: Sensorimotor activation leads to an illusory social perception
Creators: name: Friedrich, Elisabeth V. C.
name: Zillekens, Imme C.
name: Biel, Anna Lena
name: O'Leary, Dariusz
name: Seegenschmiedt, Eva Victoria
name: Singer, Johannes
name: Schilbach, Leonhard
name: Sauseng, Paul
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: illusory perception
subject: Bayesian ghost
subject: sensorimotor activation
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Based on our prior experiences we form social expectations and anticipate another person’s response. Under certain conditions, these expectations can be so strong that they lead to illusory perception of another person who is actually not there (i.e., seeing a Bayesian ghost). We used EEG to investigate the neural correlates of such illusory social perception. Our results showed that activation of the premotor cortex predicted the occurrence of the Bayesian ghost, whereas its actual appearance was later accompanied by activation in sensorimotor and adjacent parietal regions. These findings confirm that our perception of others is so strongly affected by prior expectations, in such a way they can prompt illusory social perceptions associated with activity change in brain regions relevant for action perception. They also contribute to a better understanding of social interaction in healthy individuals as well as persons with mental illnesses, which can be characterized by illusory perception and social interaction difficulties.
The Pandemic Stressor Scale: factorial validity and reliability of a measure of stressors during a pandemic
Creators: name: Lotzin, Annett
name: Ketelsen, Ronja
name: Zrnic, Irina
name: Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte
name: Böttche, Maria
name: Schäfer, Ingo
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: Pandemic
subject: Stressors
subject: Psychometrics
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Pandemic Stressor Scale (PaSS), a new measure to assess the severity of distress for different stressors relevant during a pandemic or epidemic. Methods The PaSS was administered in N = 2760 German participants. Exploratory factor analysis was used to extract factors. The factor structure obtained in the German sample was examined in N = 1021 Austrian participants using confirmatory factor analysis. χ2, RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI were assessed as global goodness of fit indices for two models (Model 1: nine-factor model; Model 2: nine-factor model combined with a second-order general factor). We additionally assessed factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity as local fit indices. Internal consistency, item discrimination, and item difficulty were assessed as additional test quality criteria. Results The results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested a nine-factor solution with factor loadings accounting for 50.4% of the total variance (Factor 1 ‘Problems with Childcare’, Factor 2 ‘Work-related Problems’, Factor 3 ‘Restricted Face-to-Face Contact’, Factor 4 ‘Burden of Infection ‘, Factor 5 ‘Crisis Management and Communication’, Factor 6 ‘Difficult Housing Condition’, Factor 7 ‘Fear of Infection’, Factor 8 ‘Restricted Access to Resources’, Factor 9 ‘Restricted Activity’). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both tested models (Model 1: χ2 (369, N = 1021) = 1443.28, p
Superkraft Sprachmodell?
Creators: name: Dinnessen, Felix
name: Bringmann, Björn
name: Dang, David
name: Sifa, Rafet
name: Halscheidt, Sandra
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Die deutsche Verwaltungslandschaft steht angesichts der notwendigen Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von bisher manuellen Prozessen vor einer grundlegenden Transformation. Der Anstieg an Anträgen für Wohngeld, BAföG oder Einbürgerungsverfahren setzt Behörden zusätzlich unter Druck. Der entstehende Rückstau trägt zu einem sinkenden Vertrauen in die Leistungsfähigkeit der öffentlichen Verwaltung bei. Gleichzeitig muss sie die rückläufigen Mitarbeitendenzahlen infolge des demografischen Wandels kompensieren. Generative Künstliche Intelligenz (GenAI) und insbesondere große Sprachmodelle (Large Language Models, LLMs) spielen hier eine wichtige Rolle, um die Mitarbeitenden zukünftig in ihren Aufgaben zu unterstützen, zu entlasten und hierdurch Freiräume zu schaffen, um sich verstärkt der direkten Interaktion mit Bürgerinnen und Bürgern zu widmen. In diesem Briefing präsentieren Fraunhofer IAIS und Deloitte drei Anwendungsbeispiele großer Sprachmodelle, von welchen die öffentliche Verwaltung schon heute profitieren kann. Bei der Betrachtung zu etablierender Rahmenbedingungen muss zwischen den behördeninternen Voraussetzungen und der staatlichen Infrastruktur unterschieden werden. Diese Publikation betrachtet die Voraussetzungen auf individueller Ebene der Behörden.
Molecular identification and characterization of Ceratocystiopsis spp. associated with the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosa)
Creators: name: Pu, Ting
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosa) attack has been the most devastating disturbance in the logdepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in interior British Columbia, Canada. Previous studies have found several fungal species associated MPB: Ophiostoma clavigerum, Ophiostoma monitum, Leptographium longiclavatum, Grosmannia clavigera and some Ceratocystiopsis (Cop.) species. The aim of the study was to identify and characterize the Ceratocystiopsis species associated with MPB using molecular methods. In total, 72 samples were isolated from the beetles from 12 collection sites in BC and Alberta. They were distinguished as Cop. – like species based on morphological features. 61 of them were investigated in the phylogenetic analyses, using sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), and portion of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) of RNA, and β-tubulin gene. Surprisingly, the results showed that most of the isolates belonged to Sporothrix, which had rarely been reported as a symbiont with beetles in Canada. Results from β-tubulin gene showed that there were many variations under this genus. Future study will be needed to resolve the species-level taxonomy.
Human stromal cell-based protocol to generate astrocytes: a straightforward in vitro predictive strategy in neurotoxicology
Creators: name: De Simone, Uliana
name: Caloni, Francesca
name: Pignatti, Patrizia
name: Gaetano, Carlo
name: Locatelli, Carlo Alessandro
name: Coccini, Teresa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: The inherent adaptability of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) to differentiate into neural lineages provides a valuable resource for investigating potential neurotoxicity in humans. By harnessing the ability of hMSCs to transform into astrocytes, we can evaluate the effects of various agents on these vital cells. Our protocol employs hMSCs sourced from umbilical cord tissue, ensuring a readily available supply of high-quality cells. The hMSC-to-neural workflow encompasses six essential steps: hMSC culture, followed by the generation of embryoid bodies (EBs) from these cells on specialized surfaces. Next, EBs and cells are expanded in a growth-promoting medium, directing them toward neural lineages. Subsequent differentiation into immature astrocytes is achieved through the use of specific factors. The process continues with the maturation of EBs/cells into astrocyte-like cells (hALCs) under optimized conditions, culminating in the final development of hALCs in a specialized medium. This methodology yields cells that display astrocyte morphology and express characteristic markers such as GFAP and S100β. The protocol is efficient, requiring roughly 6 weeks to generate hALCs from primary hMSCs without genetic manipulation. The application of hMSCs in evaluating cell damage triggered by neurotoxicants like MeHg and MGO underscores their potential as a valuable component within a more extensive battery of neurotoxicity tests.
Immune competence and spleen size scale with colony status in the naked mole-rat
Creators: name: Begay, Valerie
name: Cirovic, Branko
name: Barker, Alison J.
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Hart, Daniel W.
name: Bennett, Nigel C.
name: Lewin, Gary R.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: hyperplasic spleen/splenomegaly
subject: adaptive immune system
subject: eusociality
subject: lymphopoiesis
subject: naked mole-rat
subject: extramedullary haematopoiesis
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Naked mole-rats (NM-R; Heterocephalus glaber) live in multi-generational colonies with a social hierarchy, and show low cancer incidence and long life-spans. Here we asked if an immune component might underlie such extreme physiology. The largest lymphoid organ is the spleen, which plays an essential role in responding to immunological insults and may participate in combating cancer and slowing ageing. We investigated the anatomy, molecular composition and function of the NM-R spleen using RNA-sequencing and histological analysis in healthy NM-Rs. Spleen size in healthy NM-Rs showed considerable inter-individual variability, with some animals displaying enlarged spleens. In all healthy NM-Rs, the spleen is a major site of adult haematopoiesis under normal physiological conditions. However, myeloid-to-lymphoid cell ratio is increased and splenic marginal zone showed markedly altered morphology when compared to other rodents. Healthy NM-Rs with enlarged spleens showed potentially better anti-microbial profiles and were much more likely to have a high rank within the colony. We propose that the anatomical plasticity of the spleen might be regulated by social interaction and gives immunological advantage to increase the lifespan of higher-ranked animals.
Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz
Creators: name: Fresz, Benjamin
name: Brajovic, Danilo
name: Aichele, Andreas
name: Edosomwan, Irene
name: Huber, Marco
name: Göbels, Vincent Philipp
name: Omri, Safa
name: Kutz, Janika
name: Neuhüttler, Jens
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Erklärbare Künstliche Intelligenz
XAI
KI-Produkte
Sicherheit
Verifizierung
Zertifizierung
Black-Box
Prüfprozesse
Selbstlernende Systeme
Datenverknüpfungen
Absicherung
Verzerrungen
Bias
Nutzerfokussierte Methoden
Fairness
Transparenz

description: Mit der zunehmenden Marktreife von KI-Produkten stehen Entwicklerinnen und Entwickler sowie Unternehmen vor der Herausforderung, die Sicherheit dieser Produkte zu verifizieren und für eine eventuelle Zertifizierung nachzuweisen. Die "Black-Box"-Natur von KI erschwert diese Aufgabe erheblich, da herkömmliche Prüfprozesse für selbstlernende KI-Systeme nicht anwendbar sind. Obwohl klassische Softwaretests möglicherweise nie vollständig auf KI übertragbar sein werden, zeigt die Forschung im Bereich der erklärbaren Künstlichen Intelligenz (XAI) vielversprechende Fortschritte. XAI zielt darauf ab, die Entscheidungslogiken und Datenverknüpfungen in KI-Modellen nachvollziehbar zu machen. Dieses Whitepaper untersucht die Potenziale von XAI für die Entwicklung, Absicherung und Zertifizierung von KI-Systemen. Basierend auf einer Analyse relevanter Literatur und Experteninterviews aus verschiedenen Bereichen werden zentrale Erkenntnisse vorgestellt.
Are community forests successful in British Columbia? : an evaluation of the socio-economic success of the community forestry in British Columbia using Criterion 6 of the Montréal Process
Creators: name: Boulton, Chris
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Community forestry has recently begun to take hold in British Columbia. Though its origins lay as far back as the 1950’s, official government tenure agreement was only recently introduced in the late 1990s. In the last 5 years the community forestry has grown at an unprecedented rate currently totaling 58 projects either in full operation or at some degree of planning. Some applaud community forests as a way to revive struggling rural communities, while guaranteeing more ecologically friendly land management practices. However, with low lumber prices, concerns about the midterm timber supply, and the rising Canadian dollar, the viability, sustainability and socio-economic success of community forests has come into question. This paper attempts to evaluate the socio-economic success of four community forests of British Columbia using Criteria 6 of the Montréal Process. To be determined successful the community forests had to demonstrate at least 50% fulfillment of indicators within each element of Criterion 6. Furthermore, the community forests were ranked after having been evaluated. Results were compiled into a master table which revealed that according to the paper definition of success; all four of the community forests were determined to be socio-economically successful. However, it was also determined that if these findings were to be extrapolated on to all community forests, additional research and more specific indicators would have to be included.
title: Translationale Krebsforschung: Auf dem Weg zu neuen Therapien
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 610

description: UNIKATE: Berichte aus Forschung und Lehre, no. 42
Guide for greenhouse gas emissions accounting at logistics hubs
Creators: name: Dobers, Kerstin
name: Jarmer, Jan-Philipp
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2025
Subjects: ISO 14083
decarbonization
green logistics
sustainable warehousing
GHG emissions
carbon footprint
emission calculation
energy efficiency
logistics site
transshipment

description: Sustainable warehousing and transshipment of goods have achieved increasing attention among academics and practitioners in logistics operations. This trend will be further supported by the international standard ISO 14083:2023. This provides an aligned framework for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for logistics chains and replaced EN 16258. The ISO’s scope encompasses all transport modes and logistics hubs, the latter playing a connecting role within global logistics chains. This guide provides advice on how to carbon audit logistics hubs with a view to performing logistics chains calculation. Therefore, the guide outlines requirements and options set by the ISO 14083 as well as clarifies terms and abbreviations used in the ISO document, further detailed with view to logistics hubs and relevant assessment boundaries. It provides guidance on collecting data, definition of hub operation categories (HOCs) as well as calculating GHG emission intensity values, both without and with allocation. Reporting as required by the ISO 14083 is summarized and examples for different tasks within GHG emissions calculation of logistics hubs are given. Additional guidance is given in relation to measuring energy consumption, partitioning electricity use at the level of activity clusters, suppliers’ electricity mixes and on-site generation as well as updated average greenhouse gas emission intensity values for logistics hubs. This guide is an update of the previous version 2.0 from 2023 (doi: 10.24406/publica-2261).
Solenysa longqiensis Li & Song 1992
Creators: name: Ballarin, Francesco
name: Liao, Hauchuan
name: Touyama, Zento
name: Eguchi, Katsuyuki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Solenysa
Solenysa longqiensis

description: Solenysa longqiensis Li & Song, 1992
Figs 9 A-J, 11 G, H
Solenysa longqiensis Li & Song, 1992: 6, fig. 1 A – G (♂ ♀); Song et al. 1993: 861, fig. 17 A – G (♂ ♀); Li et al. 1994: 80, figs 18, 19 (♀); Song et al. 1999: 204, fig. 116 J, K, Q, R (♂ ♀); Tu and Li 2006: 91, figs 12–20 (♂ ♀); Tu and Hormiga 2011: 503, figs 7 A, 14 A – H, 15 A – H (♂ ♀).
Material examined.
Taiwan: Nantou County, Ren’ai, • 1 ♀, Huisun Forest Area, 720 m, 24.09360°N, 121.03080°E, broadleaf forest litter, 09. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. (TARI) • 1 ♂, same locality, 740 m, 24.08967°N, 121.03529°E, broadleaf forest litter along the trail, 12. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. (TARI) • 1 ♂, 5 ♀, same locality, 685 m, 24.09295°N, 121.03247°E, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope, 13. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. (NSMT) • 2 ♂, 4 ♀, same locality, 727 m, 24.09231°N, 121.03272°E, rather dry broadleaf forest litter, 14. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC) • 1 ♂, Menggu Waterfall, 910 m, 24.02824°N, 121.08067°E, broadleaf forest litter along the trail, 17. July. 2023, F. Ballarin leg. (TARI).
Type locality.
Mt. Longqi, Yujiaping Town, Jiangle County, Fujian Province, China (26.700°N, 117.400°E)
Diagnosis.
See Tu and Li (2006) and Tu and Hormiga (2011).
Description.
Habitus of male as in Fig. 9 E, habitus of female as in Fig. 9 F. Palp as in Fig. 9 A-D, embolic division as in Fig. 11 G, H; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 9 G-J. See Tu and Li (2006) for a detailed description.
Remarks.
This species was originally described from mainland China by Tu and Li (2006) and its presence in Taiwan was later confirmed by Tanasevitch (2011). Tian et al. (2022) in their map on Solenysa species distribution, report several records of the S. longqiensis group in Taiwan without specifying which species in particular they refer to. Our data from central Taiwan confirm that S. longqiensis is widespread across the island. Additionally, we report it as sympatric with the Taiwanese endemic and closely related S. yangmingshana, as we collected the two species together in the same habitat in more than one location (Fig. 13).
description: Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2025, Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 97-130 in ZooKeys 1232 on pages 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
Compliance - Ein Überblick über wichtige Rechtsvorschriften für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen
Creators: name: Stummer, Sarah
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Bei der Führung eines kleinen oder mittleren Unternehmens sind zahlreiche rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen zu beachten - von Ideen und deren rechtlichen Schutzmöglichkeiten bis zu den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen auf dem Markt, insbesondere beim Marketing und Vertrieb. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über wesentliche rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.
Q-curvature and path integral complexity
Creators: name: Camargo, Hugo A.
name: Caputa, Pawel
name: Nandy, Pratik
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: AdS-CFT Correspondence
subject: Conformal and W Symmetry
subject: Field Theories in Higher Dimensions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: We discuss the interpretation of path integral optimization as a uniformization problem in even dimensions. This perspective allows for a systematical construction of the higher-dimensional path integral complexity in holographic conformal field theories in terms of Q-curvature actions. We explore the properties and consequences of these actions from the perspective of the optimization programme, tensor networks and penalty factors. Moreover, in the context of recently proposed holographic path integral optimization, we consider higher curvature contributions on the Hartle-Hawking bulk slice and study their impact on the optimization as well as their relation to Q-curvature actions and finite cut-off holography.
CarExpert: Leveraging Large Language Models for In-Car Conversational Question Answering
Creators: name: Rony, Md Rashad Al Hasan
name: Süß, Christian
name: Bhat, Sinchana Ramakanth
name: Sudhi, Viju
name: Schneider, Julia
name: Vogel, Maximilian
name: Teucher, Roman
name: Friedl, Ken E.
name: Sahoo, Soumya Ranjan
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023

description: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance by following natural language instructions without fine-tuning them on domain-specific tasks and data. However, leveraging LLMs for domain-specific question answering suffers from severe limitations. The generated answer tends to hallucinate due to the training data collection time (when using off-the-shelf), complex user utterance and wrong retrieval (in retrieval-augmented generation). Furthermore, due to the lack of awareness about the domain and expected output, such LLMs may generate unexpected and unsafe answers that are not tailored to the target domain. In this paper, we propose CarExpert, an in-car retrieval-augmented conversational question-answering system leveraging LLMs for different tasks. Specifically, CarExpert employs LLMs to control the input, provide domain-specific documents to the extractive and generative answering components, and controls the output to ensure safe and domain-specific answers. A comprehensive empirical evaluation exhibits that CarExpert outperforms state-of-the-art LLMs in generating natural, safe and car-specific answers.
Social Norms and Preventive Behaviors in Japan and Germany During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Schmidt-Petri, Christoph
name: Schröder, Carsten
name: Okubo, Toshihiro
name: Graeber, Daniel
name: Rieger, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: preventive health behavior
subject: vaccination
subject: social norms
subject: Japan
subject: Germany
subject: mandatory vaccination
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Background: According to a recent paper by Gelfand et al., COVID-19 infection and case mortality rates are closely connected to the strength of social norms: “Tighter” cultures that abide by strict social norms are more successful in combating the pandemic than “looser” cultures that are more permissive. However, countries with similar levels of cultural tightness exhibit big differences in mortality rates. We are investigating potential explanations for this fact. Using data from Germany and Japan—two “tight” countries with very different infection and mortality rates—we examined how differences in socio-demographic and other determinants explain differences in individual preventive attitudes and behaviors. Methods: We compared preventive attitudes and behaviors in 2020 based on real-time representative survey data and used logit regression models to study how individual attitudes and behaviors are shaped by four sets of covariates: individual socio-demographics, health, personality, and regional-level controls. Employing Blinder-Oaxaca regression techniques, we quantified the extent to which differences in averages of the covariates between Japan and Germany explain the differences in the observed preventive attitudes and behaviors. Results: In Germany and Japan, similar proportions of the population supported mandatory vaccination, avoided travel, and avoided people with symptoms of a cold. In Germany, however, a significantly higher proportion washed their hands frequently and avoided crowds, physical contact, public transport, peak-hour shopping, and contact with the elderly. In Japan, a significantly higher proportion were willing to be vaccinated. We also show that attitudes and behaviors varied significantly more with covariates in Germany than in Japan. Differences in averages of the covariates contribute little to explaining the observed differences in preventive attitudes and behaviors between the two countries. Conclusion: Consistent with tightness-looseness theory, the populations of Japan and Germany responded similarly to the pandemic. The observed differences in infection and fatality rates therefore cannot be explained by differences in behavior. The major difference in attitudes is the willingness to be vaccinated, which was much higher in Japan. Furthermore, the Japanese population behaved more uniformly across social groups than the German population. This difference in the degree of homogeneity has important implications for the effectiveness of policy measures during the pandemic.
Approach for prioritization of data processing obstacles
Creators: name: Nikelowski, Lukas
name: Strehl, Luisa Marie
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: data processing
data processing obstacles
systemic literature review
prioritization procedure
blockchain preparation

description: This whitepaper concerns a prioritization procedure for data processing obstacles. The reduction of data processing obstacles which goes along with an increasing availability of valid data can be seen as a basis for the implementation of blockchain technology. Companies need to be enabled to collect and prepare data in a suitable way to fully use the potential of the technology. In practice, many companies struggle to process data in any kind based of the several described obstacles what hinder the implementation of blockchain in the first place. The prioritization procedure supports the evaluation of each single obstacle of a specific field of action and a concrete data processing activity as well as it enables a ranking of the evaluated obstacles.
Topological electronic crystals in twisted bilayer-trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Su, Ruiheng
name: Waters, Dacen
name: Zhou, Boran
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Zhang, Ya-Hui
name: Yankowitz, Matthew
name: Folk, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a dilute two-dimensional electron gas, Coulomb interactions can stabilize the formation of a Wigner crystal. Although Wigner crystals are topologically trivial, it has been predicted that electrons in a partially-filled band can break continuous translational symmetry and time-reversal symmetry spontaneously to form a form of topological electron crystal known as an anomalous Hall crystal. Here, we report the observation of a generalized version of the anomalous Hall crystal in twisted bilayer-trilayer graphene, whose formation is driven by the moire potential. The crystal forms at a band filling factor of one electron per four moiré unit cells ($ν=1/4$) and quadruples the unit-cell area, coinciding with an integer quantum anomalous Hall effect. The Chern number of the state is exceptionally tunable, and can be switched reversibly between $+1$ and $-1$ by electric and magnetic fields. Several other topological electronic crystals arise in a modest magnetic field, originating from $ν=1/3$, $1/2$, $2/3$, and $3/2$. The quantum geometry of the folded bands is likely very different from that of the original parent band, enabling possible future discoveries of correlation-driven topological phenomena
Resilienz im digitalen Kontext
Creators: name: Krenn, Karoline
name: Goldacker, Gabriele
name: Plomin, Jana
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021

description: Wie das Gemeinwesen seine Resilienz stärken kann, ist gerade angesichts gegenwärtiger Krisen ein brandaktuelles Thema. Dieser Impuls beschreibt anhand eines Gebäudes als Analogie Beiträge von Digitalisierung und Digitalität zur Resilienz des Gemeinwesens (»Dach«), vor allem aber zentrale Voraussetzungen (»Säulen«) hierfür, nämlich die Resilienz von Digitalisierungsprozessen, den resilienten Betrieb digitaler Technik und digitaler Infrastrukturen sowie die Resilienz im Umgang mit den Herausforderungen der Digitalität. Wir geben damit einen Überblick über Maßnahmen und Strategien, die den Weg in eine resilient digitale Zukunft weisen.
Recruiting-Strategien im Handel
Creators: name: Berner, Julia
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Recruiting
Personalgewinnung
Social Media
Künstliche Intelligenz
Strategie

description: Der Fach- und Arbeitskräftemangel weitet sich seit Jahren auf immer mehr Branchen aus, auch auf den Handel. Um geeignete Mitarbeitende nachhaltig zu erreichen, ist eine langfristig angelegte Recruiting-Strategie notwendig. Im Projekt „Digitalisierung und Innovation im stationären Handel“ (Handel innovativ) wird untersucht, wie digitale Tools und auf Methoden der Künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) basierende Lösungen dabei unterstützen können. Dieser Leitfaden gibt Handelsunternehmen 7 praktische Tipps mit vertiefenden Informationen und zeigt gelungene Beispiele aus der Praxis, um Recruiting-Strategien neu auszurichten.
Natural regeneration on coarse woody debris
Creators: name: Guo, Xuan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: In the Pacific Northwest temperate forest, coarse woody debris provides a great substrate for natural regeneration of many conifer species. Logs in decay class III and IV are most suitable for seedling growth. Seedling establishment and early survival rate are higher on nurse logs than on forest floors because of favorable microsite and seedbed material. The advantage of this regeneration pattern is most significant under closed-canopy condition. However, nutrient limitation and temporal changes in substrate availability enable few seedlings to grow into saplings or mature trees at later stages. In forest management, snags and coarse woody debris should be maintain at a certain level to sustain this natural regeneration pattern and maintain structure diversity of temperate rainforest in the Pacific Northwest.
Privacy and children's rights. White paper
Creators: name: Stapf, Ingrid
name: Meinert, Judith
name: Heesen, Jessica
name: Krämer, Nicole
name: Ammicht Quinn, Regina
name: Bieker, Felix
name: Friedewald, Michael
name: Geminn, Christian
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Nebel, Maxi
name: Ochs, Carsten
name: Watzinger, Lea
name: Baur, Andreas
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Privacy
Data protection
Children
Children's rights
Regulation
Human rights
Digitalization

description: This white paper analyzes children's rights to privacy by drawing on digital environment perspectives from media psychology, media ethics as well data protection law. It refers to current empirical data and formulates demands for policies, media regulation, the education sector, and media providers. It analyzes German and international regulations and legal debates. We argue for a stronger enforcement and consideration of children’s rights in the digital world since society has a particular responsibility toward protecting children. Among these are the rights to informational self-determination and data protection, the free development of personality, and the right to privacy (Art. 7 CFR). The aim of this white paper is to initiate a socio-political discourse, formulate and implement preliminary requirements for practical application, and highlight the need for research - especially in the field of media literacy and education - to develop adequate concepts for specific target groups.
Solenysa lanyuensis Tu 2011
Creators: name: Ballarin, Francesco
name: Liao, Hauchuan
name: Touyama, Zento
name: Eguchi, Katsuyuki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Solenysa
Solenysa lanyuensis

description: Solenysa lanyuensis Tu, 2011
Solenysa protrudens Tu in Tu and Li, 2006: 94, figs 31-39 (♂ ♀, misidentified).
S. lanyuensis: Tu and Hormiga 2011: 515, fig. 7 C (♂ ♀).
Type locality.
Lanyu Island (= Orchid Island), Taitung County, Taiwan (see remarks)
Diagnosis.
See Tu and Li (2006)
Description.
See Tu and Li (2006)
Remarks.
The type series of S. lanyuensis (3 ♂ and 2 ♀) was originally misidentified as S. protrudens by Tu and Li (2006). Later, S. lanyuensis was recognized as a new species and described based on the same specimens by Tu and Hormiga (2011). The coordinates of the type locality reported by both Tu and Li (2006) and Tu and Hormiga (2011) refer to a coastal area in southeast Taiwan and are likely incorrect since the name of the locality, from which the species also takes its name, refer to Lanyu, a small volcanic island located ca. 75 km far from the Taiwanese coast. The exact collecting location of the type series on the island remains unknown. In 2019, we had the opportunity to conduct an extensive survey on Lanyu Island, which led to the discovery of several rare litter-dwelling spiders, including linyphiids (Ballarin et al. 2021). However, despite our extensive collecting effort, we failed to find any specimens of Solenysa on the island. As far as we know, this species remains recorded only from two localities, Lanyu Island from the original description and the location in central Taiwan reported by Tian et al. (2022, reported in the map but locality not specified). Additional collection in southwest Taiwan may help to clarify the distribution of this species.
Other comparative material examined
Solenysa mellotteei Simon, 1894: Japan: Tokyo Pref., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Hachioji City, Naganumamachi, Naganuma Park (長沼公園), 150 m, 35.637°N, 139.368°E, forest leaf litter on a slope, 07. Aug. 2019, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).
Solenysa ogatai Ono, 2011: Japan: Shizuoka Pref., 1 ♂, Fujinomiya City, Nukudo, Hoshiyama, Myojoyama Park (明星山公園), 17. Nov. 2014, A. Tanikawa leg. (FBPC) • Kanagawa Pref., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Ashigarashimo-gun, Manazaru, Manatsuru cape, 90 m, 35.14409°N, 139.15556°E, thick leaf litter in a primary forest, 28. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. (FBPC).
description: Published as part of Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2025, Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), pp. 97-130 in ZooKeys 1232 on pages 97-130, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
Symmetry classes of classical stochastic processes
Creators: name: Sá, Lucas
name: Ribeiro, Pedro
name: Prosen, Tomaž
name: Bernard, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic symmetry classification of the Markov generators of classical stochastic processes. Our classification scheme is based on the action of involutive symmetry transformations of a real Markov generator, extending the Bernard-LeClair scheme to the arena of classical stochastic processes and leading to a set of up to fifteen allowed symmetry classes. We construct families of solutions of arbitrary matrix dimensions for five of these classes with a simple physical interpretation of particles hopping on multipartite graphs. In the remaining classes, such a simple construction is prevented by the positivity of entries of the generator particular to classical stochastic processes, which imposes a further requirement beyond the usual symmetry classification constraints. We partially overcome this difficulty by resorting to a stochastic optimization algorithm, finding specific examples of generators of small matrix dimensions in six further classes, leaving the existence of the final four allowed classes an open problem. Our symmetry-based results unveil new possibilities in the dynamics of classical stochastic processes: Kramers degeneracy of eigenvalue pairs, dihedral symmetry of the spectra of Markov generators, and time reversal properties of stochastic trajectories and correlation functions.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures. v2: references added, as published
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxyethyl Cellulose and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose
Creators: name: Trivedi, Mahendra
Publisher: name: SMN - The ScienceMedia Network
Year: 2016
Subjects: Natural Sciences
Chemistry

description: Cellulose based polymers have shown tremendous potential as drug delivery carrier for oral drug delivery system (DDS). Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) are widely explored as excipients to improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs and to improve self-life of dosage form. This work is an attempt to modulate the physicochemical properties of these cellulose derivatives using biofield treatment. The treated HEC and HPC polymer were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The XRD studies revealed a semi-crystalline nature of both the polymers. Crystallite size was computed using Scherrer’s formula, and treated HEC polymer showed a significant increase in percentage crystallite size (835%) as compared to the control polymer. This higher increase in crystallite size might be associated with greater crystallite indices causing a reduction in amorphous regions in the polymer. However treated HPC polymer showed decrease in crystallite size by -64.05% as compared to control HPC. DSC analysis on HEC polymer revealed the presence of glass transition temperature in control and treated HEC polymer. We observed an increase in glass transition temperature in treated HEC, which might be associated with restricted segmental motion induced by biofield. Nonetheless, HPC has not showed any glass transition. And no change in melting temperature peak was observed in treated HPC (T2) however melting temperature was decreased in T1 as compared to control HPC. TGA analysis established the higher thermal stability of treated HEC and HPC. CHNSO results showed significant increase in percentage oxygen and hydrogen in HEC and HPC polymers as compared to control samples. This confirmed that biofield had induced changes in chemical nature and elemental composition of the treated polymers (HEC and HPC).
Controllable 3D Effects Synthesis in Image Editing
Creators: name: Sheng, Yichen
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460304
subject: Computer vision
classificationCode: 460702
subject: Computer graphics
classificationCode: 460303
subject: Computational imaging

description: 3D effect synthesis is crucial in image editing to enhance realism or visual appeal. Unlike classical graphics rendering, which relies on complete 3D geometries, 3D effect synthesis in im- age editing operates solely with 2D images as inputs. This shift presents significant challenges, primarily addressed by data-driven methods that learn to synthesize 3D effects in an end-to-end manner. However, these methods face limitations in the diversity of 3D effects they can produce and lack user control. For instance, existing shadow generation networks are restricted to produc- ing hard shadows without offering any user input for customization.In this dissertation, we tackle the research question: how can we synthesize controllable and realistic 3D effects in image editing when only 2D information is available? Our investigation leads to four contributions. First, we introduce a neural network designed to create realistic soft shadows from an image cutout and a user-specified environmental light map. This approach is the first attempt in utilizing neural network for realistic soft shadow rendering in real-time. Second, we develop a novel 2.5D representation Pixel Height, tailored for the nuances of image editing. This representation not only forms the foundation of a new soft shadow rendering pipeline that provides intuitive user control, but also generalizes the soft shadow receivers to be general shadow receivers. Third, we present the mathematical relationship between the Pixel Height representation and 3D space. This connection facilitates the reconstruction of normals or depth from 2D scenes, broadening the scope for synthesizing comprehensive 3D lighting effects such as reflections and refractions. A 3D-aware buffer channels are also proposed to improve the synthesized soft shadow quality. Lastly, we introduce Dr.Bokeh, a differentiable bokeh renderer that extends traditional bokeh effect algorithms with better occlusion modeling to correct flaws existed in existing methods. With the more precise lens modeling, we show that Dr.Bokeh not only achieves the state-of-the-art bokeh rendering quality, but also pushes the boundary of depth-from-defocus problem.Our work in controllable 3D effect synthesis represents a pioneering effort in image editing, laying the groundwork for future lighting effect synthesis in various image editing applications. Moreover, the improvements to filtering-based bokeh rendering could significantly enhance com- mercial products, such as the portrait mode feature on smartphones.
An environmental comparison of foam-core and hollow wood surfboards : carbon emissions and other toxic chemicals
Creators: name: Hole, Blair
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Surfers in general are viewed as environmentally conscious individuals; however the boards that almost all of them ride are not considered green. In the past few years there has been a movement in the industry to find alternatives to the foam/fibreglass construction of surfboards. This movement was sparked by the closing of Clark Foam in 2005, the largest producer and supplier in the U.S. of polyurethane foam surfboard blanks. The plant was forced to shut down because of increasing environmental regulations. In 2008 a life-cycle analysis of the most common types of surfboards was performed to find out how this product was effecting the environment. There has been extensive research into new foam technology for boards since 2005, however, I believe that wood is a good alternative for surfboard construction. This paper includes a life-cycle assessment (LCA) to determine the emissions from wood board production and compares them to that of classic foam boards. The results show that wood surfboard production produces far less emissions of CO2, CO, SO2, NOx, VOC, and PM10 than foam surfboard production does. The LCA of wood boards included raw material production as well as production and assembly of the board itself. It can be concluded that from an environmental standpoint wood surfboards are a much better choice than the foam boards in use now.
Digitale Ökosysteme in Deutschland
Creators: name: Koch, Matthias
name: Polst, Svenja
name: Naab, Matthias
name: Bartels, Nedo Alexander
name: Storck, Sven
name: Trapp, Marcus
name: Rauch, Bernd
name: Jeswein, Thomas
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Digitale Ökosysteme
Plattformökonomie
Geschäftsmodelle

description: Amazon, Airbnb oder Uber sind bekannte Digitale Ökosysteme. Sie vermitteln Waren, Übernachtungsmöglichkeiten oder Mitfahrten zwischen Anbietern und Konsumenten. Die genannten Digitalen Ökosysteme stammen aus den USA und sind mittlerweile weltweit aktiv. In China gibt es ebenfalls sehr große Digitale Ökosysteme wie Alibaba. Auch in Deutschland gibt es sehr erfolgreiche Digitale Ökosysteme. Schüttflix digitalisiert und revolutioniert die Baubranche durch schnelle, zuverlässige Schüttgutlieferungen. Über MyHammer finden Kunden und Handwerker zueinander. Und Urban Sports Club ermöglicht Sportbegeisterten den Zugang zu einem sehr breitem Sportangebot. Anbieter wie Schüttgutlieferanten, Handwerker oder Fitnessstudios profitieren dabei vom Zugang zu einer großen Kundengruppe, effizienteren Geschäftsprozessen und vielem mehr. Auf der anderen Seite können Konsumenten ein breiteres Angebot genießen als es ein einzelner Anbieter je bieten könnte. Digitale Ökosysteme können also eine Win-Win-Situation für beide Parteien sein und sogar eine Win-Win-Win-Situation, wenn man auch den Betreiber des Digitalen Ökosystems betrachtet. Kurz gesagt: Digitale Ökosysteme stärken die deutsche Wirtschaft. Grund genug also, sich Digitale Ökosysteme genauer anzuschauen. Wir stellen in diesem Whitepaper 41 Digitale Ökosysteme vor, die aus Deutschland stammen oder hier aktiv sind. Damit möchten wir Ihnen die vielfältigen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Digitalen Ökosystemen aufzeigen. Lassen Sie sich inspirieren und beschäftigen Sie sich damit, ob Digitale Ökosysteme auch Mehrwerte für Ihr Unternehmen bieten können. Möchten Sie sich an einem oder mehreren Digitalen Ökosystemen beteiligen? Möchten Sie gerne ein eigenes Digitales Ökosystem aufbauen? Möchten Sie gar nichts mit Digitalen Ökosystemen zu tun haben? Digitale Ökosysteme haben bereits erfolgreich viele Domänen transformiert und bieten auch in der Zukunft reichlich Potenzial. Leider reicht das olympische Motto „Dabei sein ist alles“ hier nicht aus. Wir müssen in Deutschland noch viele erfolgreiche Digitale Ökosysteme aufbauen, denn das Thema ist zu wichtig, um es dem Silicon Valley allein zu überlassen. Die Digitalen Ökosysteme, die wir in diesem Whitepaper vorstellen, sind nur ein Auszug, es gibt noch einige mehr. Bei der Auswahl haben wir auf eine bunte Mischung geachtet. Es sind viele Branchen vertreten, sowohl Digitale Ökosysteme aus der Metallindustrie als auch aus dem Freizeitbereich und der Mobilitätsbranche. Außerdem sind sowohl B2B als auch B2C vertreten und sowohl bekannte als auch eher unbekannte Digitale Ökosysteme.
Economic analysis of investment decisions in tooling in operation for kitchen cabinet manufacturers
Creators: name: Moon, Andy
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the wood products manufacturing industry, the main objective for a machining operation is to achieve an optimal cutting result in the shortest possible time with minimal cost and waste (J. Ratnasingam, T. P. Ma, & M. C. Perkins, 1999). Going into the 21st century, the supply of wood resources has become a growing concern. Environmental issues such as global warming, and the industry’s desire to save cost and enhance productivity has resulted in the need to address the optimization of machining processes (J. Ratnasingam et al., 1999). However, investment in machinery can be significant for small to medium-sized companies and could affect the company’s survival at poor economic times. On the other hand, machine tools such as computer numeric control (CNC) router bits are far less expensive and, therefore, investment in optimization of machine tooling is far more feasible and will return improved results in quality, productivity and economics of a machining operation. Machine tools such as saw blades, cutter-heads or router bits have short life expectancies compared to those of the relevant machines, at which the tools are attached to. In this report, the life expectancy of CNC router bits and its effect on a company’s capital budgeting will be analyzed. Considering the short duration of a router bit’s life expectancy, cost benefit analysis has been used to evaluate an investment in an alternative type of CNC router bits, and provide supporting evidence for a case study in determining the optimal choice between two different types of CNC router bits.