cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Destination exoplanet: Habitability conditions influenced by stellar winds properties
Creators: name: Chebly, Judy J.
name: Alvarado-Gómez, Julián D.
name: Poppenhaeger, Katja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cool stars
Stellar wind
Solar model
Exoplanet
Planet atmosphere
Angular momentum
Alfven surface
Stellar winds
SWMF
AWSoM
Habitability
Mass loss
Planet-star interaction
MHD

description: The most abundant stars in the universe - cool stars - have stellar winds. The importance of these magnetized winds is not confined to one area of study, it spans regulating processes in astrophysics such as magnetic activity and rotational evolution of stars to processes shaping exoplanet atmospheres. We are using one of the most detailed solar models that exist to date (the Space Weather Modelling Framework) and apply it to stellar winds. In this preliminary study we focus on how the magnetic field geometry affects the stellar wind properties to better understand star-planet interaction. In order to fulfill this objective, we are creating a comprehensive grid of numerical models by varying different parameters, among them the stellar rotation period, magnetic field strength, and the field geometry. Here we show results from the variation of the magnetic field geometry and strength. We find that the Alfvén surface is larger for stronger and less complex fields, and the wind speed increases for stronger magnetic fields. For further investigation, we will continue exploring the grid of parameters with the ultimate goal of putting constraints on planetary habitability.
description: {"references": ["Cohen, O.; Drake, J. J. (2014). A Grid of MHD Models for Stellar Mass Loss and Spin-down Rates of Solar Analogs to arXiv:1309.5953", "Gombosi, Tamas I.; van der Holst, Bart; Manchester, Ward B.; Sokolov, Igor V. (2018). Extended MHD modeling of the steady solar corona and the solar wind to arXiv:1807.00417", "Garraffo, Cecilia; Drake, Jeremy J.; Cohen, Ofer (2015). Magnetic Complexity as an Explanation for Bimodal Rotation Populations among Young Stars to arXiv:1506.01713", "Alvarado-G\u00f3mez, J. D.; Hussain, G. A. J.; Cohen, O.; Drake, J. J.; Garraffo, C.; Grunhut, J.; Gombosi, T. I. (2016). Simulating the environment around planet-hosting stars. II. Stellar winds and inner astrospheres to arXiv:1607.08405", "Vidotto, A. A.; Gregory, S. G.; Jardine, M.; Donati, J. F.; Petit, P.; Morin, J.; Folsom, C. P., (2014). Stellar magnetism: empirical trends with age and rotation to arXiv:1404.2733"]}
Spin-Photon Entangling Diode
Creators: name: Flindt, Christian
name: Sorensen, Anders S.
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
name: Taylor, Jacob M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a semiconductor device that can electrically generate entangled electron spin-photon states, providing a building block for entanglement of distant spins. The device consists of a p-i-n diode structure that incorporates a coupled double quantum dot. We show that electronic control of the diode bias and local gating allow for the generation of single photons that are entangled with a robust quantum memory based on the electron spins. Practical performance of this approach to controlled spin-photon entanglement is analyzed.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; figures updated
A Proposal for Informative Default Priors Scaled by the Standard Error of Estimates
Creators: name: van Zwet, Erik
name: Gelman, Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: If we have an unbiased estimate of some parameter of interest, then its absolute value is positively biased for the absolute value of the parameter. This bias is large when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is small, and it becomes even larger when we condition on statistical significance; the winner’s curse. This is a frequentist motivation for regularization or “shrinkage.” To determine a suitable amount of shrinkage, we propose to estimate the distribution of the SNR from a large collection or “corpus” of similar studies and use this as a prior distribution. The wider the scope of the corpus, the less informative the prior, but a wider scope does not necessarily result in a more diffuse prior. We show that the estimation of the prior simplifies if we require that posterior inference is equivariant under linear transformations of the data. We demonstrate our approach with corpora of 86 replication studies from psychology and 178 phase 3 clinical trials. Our suggestion is not intended to be a replacement for a prior based on full information about a particular problem; rather, it represents a familywise choice that should yield better long-term properties than the current default uniform prior, which has led to systematic overestimates of effect sizes and a replication crisis when these inflated estimates have not shown up in later studies.
A Bayesian spatial analysis of the heterogeneity in human mobility changes during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the US
Creators: name: Carella, Giulia
name: Trufero, Javier Pérez
name: Álvarez, Miguel
name: Mateu, Jorge
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The spread of COVID-19 in the US prompted non-pharmaceutical interventions which caused a reduction in mobility everywhere, although with large disparities between different counties. Using a Bayesian spatial modeling framework, we investigated the association of county-level demographic and socioeconomic factors with changes in workplace mobility at two points in time: during the early stages of the epidemic (lockdown phase) and in the following phase (recovery phase) up to July 2020. While controlling for the perceived risk of infection, socioeconomic and demographic covariates explain about 40% of the variance in changes in workplace mobility during the lockdown phase, which reduces to about 10% during the recovery phase. During the lockdown phase, the results show larger drops in mobility in counties with richer families, that are less densely populated, with an older population living in dense neighborhoods, and with a lower proportion of Hispanic population. When also accounting for the residual spatial variability, the variance explained by the model increases to more than 70%, suggesting strong proximity effects potentially related to state- and county-wise regulations. These results provide community-level insights on the evolution of the US mobility during the first wave of the epidemic that could directly benefit policy evaluation and interventions.
When your permutation test is doomed to fail
Creators: name: Christensen, William F.
name: Zabriskie, Brinley
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A two-tailed test comparing the means of two independent populations is perhaps the most commonly used hypothesis test in quantitative research, featured centrally in medical research, A/B testing, and throughout the sciences. When data are skewed, the standard two-tailed t test is not appropriate and the permutation test comparing the two means (or medians) has been a widely recommended alternative, with statistical authors and statistical software packages touting the permutation test’s utility, particularly for small samples. In this presentation, we illustrate that when the two samples are skewed and the sample sizes are unequal, the two-tailed permutation test (as traditionally implemented) can in some cases have power equal to zero, even when the k highest values in the combined data are all found in the group with k observations. Further, in many cases the standard permutation test exhibits decreasing power as the total sample size increases! We illustrate the causes of these perverse properties via both simulation and real-world examples, and we recommend approaches for ameliorating or avoiding these potential problems.
MDL Denoising Revisited
Creators: name: Roos, Teemu
name: Myllymäki, Petri
name: Rissanen, Jorma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We refine and extend an earlier MDL denoising criterion for wavelet-based denoising. We start by showing that the denoising problem can be reformulated as a clustering problem, where the goal is to obtain separate clusters for informative and non-informative wavelet coefficients, respectively. This suggests two refinements, adding a code-length for the model index, and extending the model in order to account for subband-dependent coefficient distributions. A third refinement is derivation of soft thresholding inspired by predictive universal coding with weighted mixtures. We propose a practical method incorporating all three refinements, which is shown to achieve good performance and robustness in denoising both artificial and natural signals.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, June 2006
Motivation-based Market Segmentation in Rural Tourism: the Case of Sámán, Iran
Creators: name: Bayat, Naser
name: Rastegar, Ebrahim
name: Salvati, Luca
name: Darabi, Hasan
name: Ahmadi Fard, Narges
name: Taji, Majid
Publisher: name: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
Year: 2019
Subjects: Rural Tourism; Market Segmentation; Tourist Motivation; Field Survey

description: Market segmentation is a pivotal and under-investigated issue when evaluating decision-making processes and motivational factors shaping rural tourism. The present study has examined market segments of rural tourists in Iran based on their socio-demographic attributes, travel characteristics and preferred leisure activities, profiling rural tourists on the base of their motivational background. The survey results indicated that rural tourism in the study area is a heterogeneous market, whose development depends on general trends in Middle East tourism market. A comprehensive knowledge of rural tourism actors may help formulating appropriate marketing strategies for internal areas destined to tourism growth.
description: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, V. 10, N. 19 (2019)
Διδασκαλία και πρόσκτηση της λεξιλογικής δεξιότητας της Αγγλικής ως ξένης γλώσσας στην πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση. Αξιοποιώντας την πλατφόρμα ασύγχρονης τηλεκπαίδευσης Moodle.:
Creators: name: Καμιτσάκη, Στυλιανή Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Moodle
Διδασκαλία λεξιλογίου
Πρόσκτηση λεξιλογίου
Vocabulary teaching
Vocabulary acquisition

description: Οι νέες τεχνολογίες εμπλέκονται ολοένα και περισσότερο στην εκπαίδευση αλλά και στην διδασκαλία της ξένης γλώσσας. Η παρούσα εργασία ασχολείται με την διδασκαλία του λεξιλογίου της αγγλικής γλώσσας στην πρωτοβάθμια εκπαίδευση με την βοήθεια και αξιοποίηση του Moodle το οποίο είναι μία πλατφόρμα ασύγχρονης εκπαίδευσης. Ο εκπαιδευτικός μέσω του Moodle προάγει και διευκολύνει την εκμάθηση του λεξιλογίου που διδάσκεται στην Στ’ Δημοτικού.
description: The technological advances are constantly entering into educational issues and especially into second language teaching. The present thesis deals with vocabulary teaching and acquisition in the last year of elementary school with the aid and utilization of Moodle, an Open Source Source management system. The teacher through the use of Moodle facilitates the acquisition of the vocabulary taught at this class.
Central and Eastern Europe as a Medical Tourism Destination: a Case Study of Poland
Creators: name: Lubowiecki-Vikuk, Adrian
name: Dryglas, Diana
Publisher: name: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medical associations; Medical services; Medical tourism; Central and Eastern Europe; Poland

description: The medical tourism has been changing the healthcare scene especially in the developing countries which offer a combination of low costs for medical services and experienced medical personnel. It gives them the potential to become a target of choice for medical tourists. Therefore, the aim of the paper is verification of Central and Eastern Europe as a medical tourism destination (MTD). Research were conducted in the light of primary and secondary research. Survey data were collected from 282 German and British tourists, using a self-administered questionnaire. The results indicated that the medical associations are most frequently chosen associations with Poland. The MTD associations are able to develop marketing strategies for medical tourism entities and destination management organisations.
description: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, V. 10, N. 19 (2019)
Η πολιτική διάσταση στον Καντ:
Creators: name: Γκίζας, Δημήτριος Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Εμμάνουελ Καντ
Αιώνια ειρήνη
Ηθική και πολιτική
Immanuel Kant
Eternal peace
Ethics and politics

description: Στην εργασία αυτή σκοπεύω να δείξω συνοπτικά τις αντιλήψεις για τον πόλεμο και την ειρήνη πριν και μετά τον Καντ και να παρουσιάσω κριτικά, το δοκίμιο του γερμανού φιλοσόφου «για την αιώνια ειρήνη». Θα προσπαθήσω να εξηγήσω τόσο τις θέσεις του όσο και το πως αυτές ερμηνεύτηκαν από τον δυτικό πολιτικό στοχασμό, πώς υιοθετήθηκαν και εφαρμόστηκαν εν μέρει, αλλά και τον αντίλογο και την αμφισβήτηση που υπέστησαν. Παράλληλα θα προσεγγίσω επιφανειακά το ενδιαφέρον πρόβλημα της συνάντησης Ηθικής και Πολιτικής, και θα ανοίξω μερικά ζητήματα που θεωρώ ότι αποτελούν γόνιμα πεδία φιλοσοφικών συζητήσεων. Επιγραμματικά θα εξετάσω: Την έννοια της ειρήνης πριν και μετά τον Καντ. Τον βασικό κορμό της πρότασης του Καντ, τα κυριότερα επιχειρήματά του, αλλά και πως το αίτημα της «ειρήνης» συνδέει την πολιτική με την ηθική και αντανακλά την θεωρία του θεωρητικού και πρακτικού λόγου. Το πως, επηρέασε η «αιώνια ειρήνη», τον σύγχρονο πολιτικό στοχασμό, αλλά και τον καθημερινό μας βίο, και πόσο ρεαλιστική ή ουτοπική είναι η ιδέα της αιώνιας ειρήνης.
description: In this essay, I aim to show synoptically the perceptions about peace before Kant and after him and I will also present critically the labor of German philosopher in relation with “eternal peace”. I will try to explain not only his aspects, but also how they were expounded from the west political thought, how they were adopted and how they were partially put into practice, as well as the disputation and controversy they were got through. Furthermore, I will mention compendiously the interesting matter of Ethics and Politics referring to the relation of these two concepts, by introducing some issues that, in my opinion constitute productive lines of philosophical discussions. Sententiously, I will examine: The concept of peace before Kant and after him. The basic parts of Kant’s premise, his main arguments and also how the notion of “peace” connects politics with ethics, by reflecting the theory of theoretical and practical utterance. The way, through which “eternal peace” affected, the contemporary political thought and our everyday life too. How realistic or utopian is the idea of eternal peace.
The Impact of Information and Communication Technology on the Tourism Sector
Creators: name: Nikoli, Georgia
name: Lazakidou, Αthina
Publisher: name: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
Year: 2019
Subjects: Information Communication Technology; Decision-making; Geographic Information System (GIS); Tourism Industry; Promotion of Tourism

description: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has changed the global businesses environment by a wide range of tools, methodologies and functions, facilitating the strategic management and supporting firms to achieve a long term competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the new applications of Information Communication Technology in tourism industry, the contribution of ICT to the promotion of the tourist product, as well as the potential to the tourism management and the process of decision-making. One important tool, which helps in making decisions in the field of tourism economy, is the Geographic Information System (GIS), which provides a comprehensible representation of the statistical figures of the tourism economy by facilitating decision-making on tourism policy. In this paper is presented some tourist financial figures and their visualization through graphs by Geographic Information System.
description: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, V. 10, N. 19 (2019)
A sharp stability estimate in tensor tomography
Creators: name: Stefanov, Plamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C65, 35R30

description: We prove a sharp stability estimate for the problem of reconstructing a symmetric 2-tensor from its integrals along all maximal geodesics on a simple manifold.
When Music Invades the Urban Spaces: the Piano City Festival in Milan, a New Paradigm of Sociability?
Creators: name: Tanca, Marcello
Publisher: name: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development
Year: 2019
Subjects: Piano; Festival; Milan; Territorialisation; Music; Community; Urban Style

description: In 2010 the pianist and composer Andreas Kern organized Piano City, a metropolitan piano festival with original and innovative elements: the locations for the concerts are living rooms; the profile of the executors and interpreters include professional musicians, but also piano students, teachers, amateurs and piano-lovers; the heterogeneity of the musical genres (classic music, rock, jazz etc.); last but not least, the use of the Internet as a medium to publicize the event. Inspired by Kern’s idea, Ludovico Einaudi first organized a Milanese edition of Piano City in 2011. Since then, the piano-festival has represented a significant episode in the recent revamping of the city image after a period in which it had become dull and weak. Milan has interpreted at its best the philosophy of this event: the promotion of typical places, the use of the web and of social media, the urban hospitality and the free exhibitions, the inhabitants’ involvement, the incentive to explore the city in order to rediscover and reappropriate the public spaces; these are just some of the strengths of Piano City Milan: these elements make this piano festival an opportunity for the construction of a collective sense of place and a new paradigm of urban sociability that offers the city the chance to redeem itself, its own identity and to activate new forms of self-narrative.
description: Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, V. 10, N. 19 (2019)
A Connection Between Baseball and Clinical Trials Found in “Slugging Percentage is Not a Percentage—And Why That Matters”
Creators: name: Gajewski, Byron J.
name: Wick, Jo A.
name: Milling, Truman J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: A Connection Between Baseball and Clinical Trials Found in “Slugging Percentage is Not a Percentage—And Why That Matters”
Light's Bending Angle due to Black Holes: From the Photon Sphere to Infinity
Creators: name: Iyer, Savitri V.
name: Petters, Arlie O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bending angle of light is a central quantity in the theory of gravitational lensing. We develop an analytical perturbation framework for calculating the bending angle of light rays lensed by a Schwarzschild black hole. Using a perturbation parameter given in terms of the gravitational radius of the black hole and the light ray's impact parameter, we determine an invariant series for the strong-deflection bending angle that extends beyond the standard logarithmic deflection term used in the literature. In the process, we discovered an improvement to the standard logarithmic deflection term. Our perturbation framework is also used to derive as a consistency check, the recently found weak deflection bending angle series. We also reformulate the latter series in terms of a more natural invariant perturbation parameter, one that smoothly transitions between the weak and strong deflection series. We then compare our invariant strong deflection bending-angle series with the numerically integrated exact formal bending angle expression, and find less than 1% discrepancy for light rays as far out as twice the critical impact parameter. The paper concludes by showing that the strong and weak deflection bending angle series together provide an approximation that is within 1% of the exact bending angle value for light rays traversing anywhere between the photon sphere and infinity.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Weak Radiative B Decays
Creators: name: Antipin, Oleg
name: Valencia, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the (tree-level) weak radiative decays of $B$ mesons. We present a numerical estimate for the inclusive $b \to X_c γ(γ)$ modes based on the free-quark decay. We then review what is known for the $B \to D^\star γ$ modes in the framework of heavy quark effective theory and chiral perturbation theory. Finally, we extend these ideas to the double radiative decay modes $B \to D γγ$. We find that the $b \to X_c γγ$ rate is about an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding $b \to X_s γγ$ rate. We also find the branching ratio for the $B \to D γγ$ mode with most favorable CKM angles at the few $\times10^{-8}$ level, comparable to predictions for $B \to K γγ$.
description: typos corrected, references added, to appear in Phys.Rev.D
Torsion-shear behaviour at the corrugated interlocking joints
Creators: name: Casapulla, Claudia
name: Mousavian, Elham
name: Argiento, Luca U.
name: Ceraldi, Carla
name: Bagi, Katalin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: 3D locks
Torsion capacity
Experimental yield domains
Limit analysis
Discrete Element Method (3DEC)
Convexity formulation
Concavity formulation

description: https://www.facebook.com/SIDMACIB2018/posts/874808709756036
The low frequency radio emission and spectrum of the extended SNR W44: new VLA observations at 74 and 324 MHz
Creators: name: Castelletti, G.
name: Dubner, G.
name: Brogan, C.
name: Kassim, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Very Large Array (VLA) radio images at 74 and 324 MHz of the SNR W44. The VLA images, obtained with unprecedented angular resolution and sensitivity for such low frequencies have been used in combination with existing 1442 MHz radio data, Spitzer IR data, and ROSAT and Chandra X-ray data to investigate morphological and spectral properties of this SNR. The spatially resolved spectral index study revealed that the bright filaments, both around and across the SNR, have a straight spectrum between 74 and 1442 MHz, with alpha ~ -0.5, with two clear exceptions: a short portion of the SNR limb to the southeast, with alpha varying between 0 and +0.4 and a bright arc to the west where the spectrum breaks around 300 MHz and looks concave down. We conclude that at the shell and along the internal filaments, the electrons responsible for the synchrotron emission were accelerated at the shock according to a simple diffusive shock model; the positive spectrum corresponds to a location where the SN shock is running into a molecular cloud and where the line of sight intersects the photo dissociation region of an HII region and a young stellar object is present. The curved spectrum on the westernmost bright arc is explained as the consequence of strong post-shock densities and enhanced magnetic fields after the interaction of the SN shock with a collindant molecular cloud.
description: After language edited, 16 pages, 12 figures (3 in color). Figures degraded to reduce file size. Accepted 01/03/2007 for publicaion in A&A
Difference between binomial proportions using Newcombe’s method with multiple imputation for incomplete data
Creators: name: Sidi, Yulia
name: Harel, Ofer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The difference between two binomial proportions is commonly used in applied research. Since many studies encounter incomplete data, proper methods to analyze such data are needed. Here, we present a proper multiple imputation procedure for constructing confidence interval for difference between binomial proportions using Newcombe’s method, which is known to have a better coverage probability when compared with Wald’s method. We use both a conventional multiple imputation procedure for ignorable missingness and a two-stage multiple imputation for non-ignorable missingness. Using simulation studies, we compare our method to three other methods and provide recommendation for the use of such methods in practice. In addition, we show the application of our new method on a COVID-19 dataset.
CMB/kSZ and Compton-$y$ Maps from 2500 square degrees of SPT-SZ and Planck Survey Data
Creators: name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Crawford, T. M.
name: Ansarinejad, B.
name: Benson, B. A.
name: Bocquet, S.
name: Carlstrom, J. E.
name: Chang, C. L.
name: Chown, R.
name: Crites, A. T.
name: de Haan, T.
name: Dobbs, M. A.
name: Everett, W. B.
name: George, E. M.
name: Gualtieri, R.
name: Halverson, N. W.
name: Holder, G. P.
name: Holzapfel, W. L.
name: Hrubes, J. D.
name: Knox, L.
name: Lee, A. T.
name: Luong-Van, D.
name: Marrone, D. P.
name: McMahon, J. J.
name: Meyer, S. S.
name: Millea, M.
name: Mocanu, L. M.
name: Mohr, J. J.
name: Natoli, T.
name: Omori, Y.
name: Padin, S.
name: Pryke, C.
name: Raghunathan, S.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
name: Ruhl, J. E.
name: Schaffer, K. K.
name: Shirokoff, E.
name: Staniszewski, Z.
name: Stark, A. A.
name: Vieira, J. D.
name: Williamson, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present component-separated maps of the primary cosmic microwave background/kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) amplitude and the thermal SZ Compton-$y$ parameter, created using data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and the Planck satellite. These maps, which cover the $\sim$2500 square degrees of the Southern sky imaged by the SPT-SZ survey, represent a significant improvement over previous such products available in this region by virtue of their higher angular resolution (1.25 arcminutes for our highest resolution Compton-$y$ maps) and lower noise at small angular scales. In this work we detail the construction of these maps using linear combination techniques, including our method for limiting the correlation of our lowest-noise Compton-$y$ map products with the cosmic infrared background. We perform a range of validation tests on these data products to test our sky modeling and combination algorithms, and we find good performance in all of these tests. Recognizing the potential utility of these data products for a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological analyses, including studies of the gas properties of galaxies, groups, and clusters, we make these products publicly available at http://pole.uchicago.edu/public/data/sptsz_ymap and on the NASA/LAMBDA website.
description: Minor changes to match version accepted in ApJS
A proposal for informative default priors scaled by the standard error of estimates
Creators: name: van Zwet, Erik
name: Gelman, Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: If we have an unbiased estimate of some parameter of interest, then its absolute value is positively biased for the absolute value of the parameter. This bias is large when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is small, and it becomes even larger when we condition on statistical significance; the winner’s curse. This is a frequentist motivation for regularization or “shrinkage”. To determine a suitable amount of shrinkage, we propose to estimate the distribution of the SNR from a large collection or “corpus” of similar studies and use this as a prior distribution. The wider the scope of the corpus, the less informative the prior, but a wider scope does not necessarily result in a more diffuse prior. We show that the estimation of the prior simplifies if we require that posterior inference is equivariant under linear transformations of the data. We demonstrate our approach with corpora of 86 replication studies from psychology and 178 phase 3 clinical trials. Our suggestion is not intended to be a replacement for a prior based on full information about a particular problem; rather, it represents a familywise choice that should yield better long-term properties than the current default uniform prior, which has led to systematic overestimates of effect sizes and a replication crisis when these inflated estimates have not shown up in later studies.
A Connection Between Baseball and Clinical Trials Found In “Slugging Percentage Is Not a Percentage—And Why That Matters”
Creators: name: Gajewski, Byron J.
name: Wick, Jo A.
name: Milling, Truman J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: A Connection Between Baseball and Clinical Trials Found In “Slugging Percentage Is Not a Percentage—And Why That Matters”
Condensation of Cooper Triples
Creators: name: Akagami, Sora
name: Tajima, Hiroyuki
name: Iida, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The condensation of Cooper pairs, originating from the Fermi-surface instability due to a weakly attractive interaction between two fermions, opened a new frontier for exploring many-body physics in interdisciplinary contexts. In this work, we discuss the possible condensation of Cooper triples, which are three-body counterparts of Cooper pairs for three-component fermions with a three-body attraction. Although each composite trimer-like state obeys the Fermi-Dirac statistics, its aggregate can form a condensate at zero center-of-mass momentum in the presence of the internal degrees of freedom associated with the relative momenta of constituent particles of momenta close to the Fermi surface. Such condensation can be regarded as bosonization in infinite-component fermions. We propose a variational wave function for the condensate of Cooper triples in analogy with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer ground state and obtain the ground-state energy.
description: 7 pages, 2 figure
Chandra X-Ray Observations of Young Clusters. III. NGC 2264 and the Orion Flanking Fields
Creators: name: Rebull, L. M.
name: Stauffer, J. R.
name: Ramirez, S. V.
name: Flaccomio, E.
name: Sciortino, S.
name: Micela, G.
name: Strom, S. E.
name: Wolff, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chandra observations of solar-like pre-main sequence (PMS) stars in the Orion Flanking Fields (age ~1 Myr) and NGC 2264 (~3 Myr) are compared with the results of the COUP survey of similar objects in the ONC (~0.5 Myr). The correlations between log Lx and mass found for PMS stars on convective tracks in these clusters are consistent with the relationships found for the ONC, indicating little change in the median values of either log Lx or log Lx/Lbol during the first ~3-5 Myr of evolution down convective tracks. The fraction of stars with extreme values of Lx, more than 10 times higher than the average for a given Lbol or with log Lx/Lbol greater than the canonical saturation value of -2.9, is however larger by a factor of two in the younger ONC when compared with the Orion FF and NGC 2264. PMS stars in NGC 2264 on radiative tracks have Lx/Lbol values that are systematically lower by a factor of ~10 times than those found for stars of similar mass on convective tracks. The dramatic decrease in flux from convective to radiative phases of PMS evolution is likely related to major structural changes which influence the efficiency of magnetic field generation and thus the level of magnetic activity. As in the ONC, we find that stars with measured periods have, on average, higher X-ray luminosities. However, there is a wide range in Lx and Lx/Lbol for both periodic and non-periodic stars of similar mass. Among stars with measured periods, the level of X-ray emission does not correlate with the rotation rate. For this data set, we find no statistically significant correlation between X-ray flux and (a) the presence or absence of circumstellar accretion disks, or (b) disk accretion rates as assessed from ultraviolet excesses.
description: accepted for publication in AJ
Structural reduction of chemical reaction networks based on topology
Creators: name: Hirono, Yuji
name: Okada, Takashi
name: Miyazaki, Hiroyasu
name: Hidaka, Yoshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model-independent reduction method of chemical reaction systems based on the stoichiometry, which determines their network topology. A subnetwork can be eliminated systematically to give a reduced system with fewer degrees of freedom. This subnetwork removal is accompanied by rewiring of the network, which is prescribed by the Schur complement of the stoichiometric matrix. Using homology and cohomology groups to characterize the topology of chemical reaction networks, we can track the changes of the network topology induced by the reduction through the changes in those groups. We prove that, when certain topological conditions are met, the steady-state chemical concentrations and reaction rates of the reduced system are ensured to be the same as those of the original system. This result holds regardless of the modeling of the reactions, namely chemical kinetics, since the conditions only involve topological information. This is advantageous because the details of reaction kinetics and parameter values are difficult to identify in many practical situations. The method allows us to reduce a reaction network while preserving its original steady-state properties, thereby complex reaction systems can be studied efficiently. We demonstrate the reduction method in hypothetical networks and the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli.
description: 49 pages, 7 figures; ver 2: published version
Βαρυτικά κύματα στο επίπεδο και ανοικτό κοσμολογικό μοντέλο FLRW:
Creators: name: Κύρμος, Ιωάννης Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Βαρυτικά κύματα
Συναλλοίωτη περιγραφή
FLRW κοσμολογικά μοντέλα
Gravitational waves
Covariant discription
FLRW cosmological models

description: Στην εργασία αυτή μελετάται η διάδοση βαρυτικών κυμάτων κοσμολογικής προέλευσης στα κοσμολογικά μοντέλα FLRW. Συγκεκριμένα, μελετάται η εξέλιξη του πλάτους τους στις περιπτώσεις που το σύμπαν έχει Ευκλείδεια (επίπεδο) και υπερβολική (ανοικτό) γεωμετρία. Η διαφορική εξίσωση που περιγράφει τη διάδοση τους, προκύπτει χρησιμοποιώντας την μέθοδο της 1+3 συναλλοίωτης περιγραφής, σύμφωνα με την οποία τα βαρυτικά κύματα περιγράφονται από τις δύο συνιστώσες του τανυστή Weyl. Αποδεικνύεται ότι σε ένα διαταραγμένο μοντέλο FLRW οι συνιστώσες Weyl, άρα και τα βαρυτικά κύματα, καταλήγουν να προσδιορίζονται αποκλειστικά από τον τανυστή της διάτμησης.. Η κυματική εξίσωση του τελευταίου λύνεται αναλυτικά και αριθμητικά κατά τις χαρακτηριστικές εποχές της ακτινοβολίας και της σκόνης και γίνεται σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων που προκύπτουν.
description: In this essay it is studied the propagation of gravitational waves of cosmological origin at FLRW cosmological models. Specifically, is studied the evolution of their amplitude in the cases that the universe has Euclidian (flat) and hyperbolic geometry (open). The differential equation that describes their propagation arises using the method of 1+3 covariant description, according to which the gravitational waves are described from the two components of the Weyl tensor. It is proved that in a perturbed FLRW model the Weyl components, and so the gravitational waves, result to be determined absolutely by the shear tensor. The wave equation of the latter is solved analytically and numerically, during to the typical epochs of radiation and dust and a comparison of the results that occur is made.
Causal versions of Maximum Entropy and Principle of Insufficient Reason
Creators: name: Janzing, Dominik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62A09

description: The Principle of Insufficient Reason (PIR) assigns equal probabilities to each alternative of a random experiment whenever there is no reason to prefer one over the other. The Maximum Entropy Principle (MaxEnt) generalizes PIR to the case where statistical information like expectations are given. It is known that both principles result in paradoxical probability updates for joint distributions of cause and effect. This is because constraints on the conditional P(effect|cause) result in changes of P(cause) that assign higher probability to those values of the cause that offer more options for the effect, suggesting "intentional behaviour". Earlier work therefore suggested sequentially maximizing (conditional) entropy according to the causal order, but without further justification apart from plausibility on toy examples. We justify causal modifications of PIR and MaxEnt by separating constraints into restrictions for the cause and restrictions for the mechanism that generates the effect from the cause. We further sketch why Causal PIR also entails "Information Geometric Causal Inference". We briefly discuss problems of generalizing the causal version of MaxEnt to arbitrary causal DAGs.
description: 16 pages
Multi-principal element grain boundaries: Stabilizing nanocrystalline grains with thick amorphous complexions
Creators: name: Grigorian, Charlette M.
name: Rupert, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amorphous complexions have recently been demonstrated to simultaneously enhance the ductility and stability of certain nanocrystalline alloys. In this study, three quinary alloys (Cu-Zr-Hf-Mo-Nb, Cu-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ti, and Cu-Zr-Hf-Mo-W) are studied to test the hypothesis that increasing the chemical complexity of the grain boundaries will result in thicker amorphous complexions and further stabilize a nanocrystalline microstructure. Significant boundary segregation of Zr, Nb, and Ti is observed in the Cu-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ti alloy, which creates a quaternary interfacial composition that limits average grain size to 63 nm even after 1 week at ~97% of the melting temperature. This high level of thermal stability is attributed to the complex grain boundary chemistry and amorphous structure resulting from multi-component segregation. High resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the increased chemical complexity of the grain boundary region in the Cu-Zr-Hf-Nb-Ti alloy results in an average amorphous complexion thickness of 2.44 nm, approximately 44% and 32% thicker than amorphous complexions previously observed in Cu-Zr and Cu-Zr-Hf alloys.
On the nonlinear saturation of the magnetorotational instability near threshold in a thin-gap Taylor-Couette setup
Creators: name: Umurhan, O. M.
name: Regev, O.
name: Menou, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the saturation near threshold of the axisymmetric magnetorotational instability (MRI) of a viscous, resistive, incompressible fluid in a thin-gap Taylor-Couette configuration. A vertical magnetic field, Keplerian shear and no-slip, conducting radial boundary conditions are adopted. The weakly non-linear theory leads to a real Ginzburg-Landau equation for the disturbance amplitude, like in our previous idealized analysis. For small magnetic Prandtl number (P \ll 1), the saturation amplitude scales as P^{2/3} while the magnitude of angular momentum transport scales as P^{4/3}. The difference with the previous scalings (~P^{1/2} and P respectively) is attributed to the emergence of radial boundary layers. Away from those, steady-state non-linear saturation is achieved through a modest reduction in the destabilizing shear. These results will be useful to understand MRI laboratory experiments and associated numerical simulations.
description: Accepted with minor changes to Physical Review E
Low-energy dynamics of the two-dimensional S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on percolating clusters
Creators: name: Wang, Ling
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum dynamics of site diluted S=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic clusters at the percolation threshold. We use Lanczos diagonalization to calculate the lowest excitation gap Delta and, to reach larger sizes, study an upper bound for Delta obtained from sum rules involving the staggered structure factor and susceptibility, which we evaluate by quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Scaling the gap distribution with the cluster length L, Delta sim 1/L^z, we obtain a dynamic exponent z approximate 2D_f, where D_f=91/48 is the fractal dimensionality of the percolating cluster. This is in contrast to previous expectations of z=D_f. We argue that the low-energy excitations are due to weakly coupled effective moments formed due to local imbalance in sublattice occupation.
description: 4 pages,4 figures
Αρχαιοβοτανική έρευνα της φάσης 3 στο Αρχοντικό Γιαννιτσών:
Creators: name: Τελιορίδου, Ελένη Σταύρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Αρχοντικό
Πρώιμη εποχή χαλκού
Βόρεια ελλάδα
Archondiko
Early bronze age
Northern greece

description: Η μελέτη του αρχαιοβοτανικού υλικού από το Αρχοντικό Γιαννιτσών της φάσης 3 (ΠΕΧ) φανερώνει μια ποικιλία καλλιεργούμενων και άγριων ειδών. Tα είδη που αναγνωρίστηκαν είναι το μονόκοκκο και το δίκοκκο σιτάρι, η φακή, το λαθούρι, η ρόβη, το βελανίδι, το σταφύλι και το βατόμουρο, που κάνουν την εμφάνιση τους στην Νεολιθική, ενώ, εντοπίστηκαν και είδη που εισάγονται για πρώτη φορά στο βορειοελλαδικό χώρο κατά την Εποχή του Χαλκού (το σιτάρι σπέλτα, το κεχρί, το κουκί, η Lallemantia και η μήκων η υπνοφόρος). Με βάση τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης αυτής, οι κάτοικοι του οικισμού χρησιμοποιούσαν και πιθανόν αποθήκευαν αρκετά από τα είδη αυτά. Φαίνεται πως κάλυπταν τις διατροφικές ανάγκες των κατοίκων του οικισμού, αλλά και πιθανόν ανάγκες σε καύσιμη ύλη ή φαρμακευτικές ουσίες.
description: The study of the archaeobotanical remains from Archondiko Giannitson, Phase III (EBA), reveals a variety of cultivated and wild plants. The identified species are einkorn, emmer, lentil, grass pea, bitter vetch, acorn, grape and blackberry, which are introduced in Neolithic period. However, in this study there have been also identified other species that are imported for the first time to Northern Greece in the Bronze Age (spelt, millet, celtic bean, lallemantia and opium poppy). According to the results of this study, the habitants of the settlement used and probably stored these plants. It seems that these plants covered populations’ needs in food, and perhaps in fuel or in medicines.
Profiles of heating in turbulent coronal magnetic loops
Creators: name: Buchlin, E.
name: Cargill, P. J.
name: Bradshaw, S. J.
name: Velli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The location of coronal heating in magnetic loops has been the subject of a long-lasting controversy: does it occur mostly at the loop footpoints, at the top, is it random, or is the average profile uniform? Aims: We try to address this question in model loops with MHD turbulence and a profile of density and/or magnetic field along the loop. Methods: We use the ShellAtm MHD turbulent heating model described in Buchlin & Velli (2006), with a static mass density stratification obtained by the HydRad model (Bradshaw & Mason 2003). This assumes the absence of any flow or heat conduction subsequent to the dynamic heating. Results: The average profile of heating is quasi-uniform, unless there is an expansion of the flux tube (non-uniform axial magnetic field) or the variation of the kinetic and magnetic diffusion coefficients with temperature is taken into account: in the first case the heating is enhanced at footpoints, whereas in the second case it is enhanced where the dominant diffusion coefficient is enhanced. Conclusions: These simulations shed light on the consequences on heating profiles of the complex interactions between physical effects involved in a non-uniform turbulent coronal loop.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures