cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In Search of a Coherent Approach to Community Protection in Sentencing (Advance)
Creators: name: Bagaric, Mirko
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Community protection has been proclaimed as the most important sentencing objective. Despite this, the contours of the principle have not been clearly articulated by the courts. When community protection is invoked by the courts, it is generally applied in a manner to increase sentence severity. However, in some circumstances it has been applied to justify a more lenient disposition; usually to facilitate the rehabilitation of the offender. Given the cardinal status of community protection in the sentencing hierarchy, there is a need to clarify the operation of the objective and the manner in which it should impact sentencing outcomes. It is argued that in order to apply community protection in a jurisprudentially sound manner, there are a number of important premises that need to be acknowledged by the courts. These include that community protection is only necessary where the offender is likely to reoffend. Further, 99% of offenders are released from prison and hence incapacitation is generally only a temporary manner in which to protect the community. Incorporating these considerations into the sentencing process will lead to more informed and accurate decisions regarding the likelihood that an offender will recidivate and enhance the efficacy of the sentencing process.
Measuring the distance to the black hole candidate X-ray binary MAXI J1348-630 using HI absorption
Creators: name: Chauhan, J.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Raja, W.
name: Allison, J. R.
name: Jacob, P. F. L.
name: Anderson, G. E.
name: Carotenuto, F.
name: Corbel, S.
name: Fender, R.
name: Hotan, A.
name: Whiting, M.
name: Woudt, P. A.
name: Koribalski, B.
name: Mahony, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HI absorption spectra of the black hole candidate X-ray binary (XRB) MAXI J1348-630 using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and MeerKAT. The ASKAP HI spectrum shows a maximum negative radial velocity (with respect to the local standard of rest) of $-31\pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ for MAXI J1348-630, as compared to $-50\pm4$ km s$^{-1}$ for a stacked spectrum of several nearby extragalactic sources. This implies a most probable distance of $2.2^{+0.5}_{-0.6}$ kpc for MAXI J1348-630, and a strong upper limit of the tangent point distance at $5.3\pm0.1$ kpc. Our preferred distance implies that MAXI J1348-630 reached $17\pm10$ % of the Eddington luminosity at the peak of its outburst, and that the source transited from the soft to the hard X-ray spectral state at $2.5\pm1.5$ % of the Eddington luminosity. The MeerKAT HI spectrum of MAXI J1348-630 (obtained from the older, low-resolution 4k mode) is consistent with the re-binned ASKAP spectrum, highlighting the potential of the eventual capabilities of MeerKAT for XRB spectral line studies.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
A new approach to detect hyper nuclei in the phase space distributions generated by microscopic transport models
Creators: name: Le Fevre, A.
name: Leifels, Y.
name: Aichelin, J.
name: Hartnack, C.
name: Bratkovskaya, E.
name: Kireyeu, V.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Modification of  hadron properties at normal nuclear matter density invested in pion-induced reactions with FOPI spectrometer
Creators: name: Zinyuk, V.
name: Herrmann, N.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Two important examples of nonlinear oscillators
Creators: name: Cariñena, José F.
name: Rañada, Manuel F.
name: Santander, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37J35

description: We discuss a classical nonlinear oscillator, which is proved to be a superintegrable system for which the bounded motions are quasiperiodic oscillations and the unbounded (scattering) motions are represented by hyperbolic functions. This oscillator can be seen as a position-dependent mass system and we show a natural quantization prescription admitting a factorization with shape invariance for the $n=1$ case, and then the energy spectrum is found. Other isochronous systems which can also be considered as a generalization of the harmonic oscillator and admit a nonstandard Lagrangian description are also discussed.
Standard Operating Procedures for EEG Acquisition in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Schizophrenia Program
Creators: name: Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Schizophrenia EEG Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, measures based on electroencephalography (EEG) have gained traction in the study of clinical high risk for psychosis. This document describes the standard operating procedures used in the AMP SCZ program to acquire EEG for ~2,500 participants at two time points – first at baseline and second at two months after study entry.
Duality for Legendrian contact homology
Creators: name: Sabloff, Joshua M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17, 53D12, 53D40, 57M25

description: The main result of this paper is that, off of a `fundamental class' in degree 1, the linearized Legendrian contact homology obeys a version of Poincare duality between homology groups in degrees k and -k. Not only does the result itself simplify calculations, but its proof also establishes a framework for analyzing cohomology operations on the linearized Legendrian contact homology.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 8 December 2006
Planet Occurrence Rate Correlated to Stellar Dynamical History: Evidence from Kepler and Gaia
Creators: name: Dai, Yuan-Zhe
name: Liu, Hui-Gen
name: An, Dong-Sheng
name: Zhou, Ji-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical history of stars influences the formation and evolution of planets significantly. To explore the influence of dynamical history on planet formation and evolution from observations, we assume that stars who experienced significantly different dynamical histories tend to have different relative velocities. Utilizing the accurate Gaia-Kepler Stellar Properties Catalog, we select single main-sequence stars and divide these stars into three groups according to their relative velocities, i.e. high-V, medium-V, and low-V stars. After considering the known biases from Kepler data and adopting prior and posterior correction to minimize the influence of stellar properties on planet occurrence rate, we find that high-V stars have a lower occurrence rate of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes (1--4 R$_{\rm \oplus}$, P<100 days) and higher occurrence rate of sub-Earth (0.5--1 R$_{ \oplus}$, P<30 days) than low-V stars. Additionally, high-V stars have a lower occurrence rate of hot Jupiter sized planets (4--20 R$_{\oplus}$, P<10 days) and a slightly higher occurrence rate of warm or cold Jupiter sized planets (4--20 R$_{\oplus}$, 10
description: 30 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in AJ
The relationship of the heart rate threshold to the ventilatory threshold in trained cyclists
Creators: name: Bodner, Michael Eugene
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the heart rate threshold (HRT) to the ventilatory threshold (TVENT) in trained cyclists. Twenty-one endurance trained cyclists (mean ± SD values: age = 26.2 ± 5.6 years; weight = 76.2 ± 8.2 kg; height = 179.1 ± 6.3 cm; VO₂ max. = 67.6 ± 4.7 ml • kg • min⁻¹) volunteered to participate in this study. Each subject completed a maximal cycle ergometer test to volitional fatigue. The procedure utilized a ramped protocol on an electronically braked cycle ergometer with initial resistance set at 50 watts (W) • min⁻¹ with a 30 W • min⁻¹ increase. Ventilatory variables (VE, VO₂ , VCO₂ ) and power were measured on-line with averages reported every twenty seconds. Heart rate (HR) was measured using a portable cardio-telemetric monitor and was observer recorded every twenty seconds. TVENT was assessed using the excess CO₂ (ExCCh) elimination curve. The HRT was assessed using a mathematical model (MM) that incorporates the natural log of H R data points to produce a curvilinear fit through these points. The first order derivative of the upper portion of the logistic curve delineated the HRT. Statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.01. Paired t-tests indicated that there were no significant differences (p > 0.01) between HR values at HRT (171.7 ± 9.6 beats • min⁻¹) and TVENT (169.8 ± 9.9 beats • min⁻¹) or VO₂ values at HRT (53.6 ± 4.2 ml • kg • min⁻¹ ') and TVENT (52.2. ± 4.8 ml • kg • min"1). However, power values at HRT (318.7 ± 30.7 W) were significantly different from those at TVENT (334.8 ± 36.7 W). Pearson product-moment zero-order correlation coefficient demonstrated significant relationships between HRT and T V E N T for the physiological variables of H R (r = 0.92, p < 0.001), VO₂ (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and power (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that H R and VO₂ at the HRT are not significantly different from those values at TVENT in trained cyclists.
Acceleration of a Spherical Brane-Universe
Creators: name: Gogberashvili, Merab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model where the universe is considered as an expanding spherical 3-brane allows us to explain its expansion rate without a dark energy component. In this scenario the computed redshift that corresponds to the transition from cosmic deceleration to acceleration is in a good agreement with observations.
description: The version accepted by Phys. Lett. B
Analytic Coulomb matrix elements in a three-dimensional geometry
Creators: name: Zaratiegui, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65Q05

description: Using a complete basis set we have obtained an analytic expression for the matrix elements of the Coulomb interaction. These matrix elements are written in a closed form. We have used the basis set of the three-dimensional isotropic quantum armonic oscillator in order to develop our calculations, which can be useful when treating interactions in localized systems.
description: 3 pages, errata
Consuming illegality : the political demography of migrant farm labor in California and Andalucia, 1985-2005
Creators: name: Hayward Blakeslee, Jennifer
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: HD8081.A5 B553 2010
subject: Foreign workers California
subject: Foreign workers Spain Andalucia
subject: Illegal aliens California
subject: Illegal aliens Spain Andalucia
subject: Horticulture Economic aspects History 20th centuryCalifornia
subject: Horticulture Economic aspects History 20th centurySpain Andalucia
subject: California Emigration and immigration Government policy History 20th century
subject: Andalusia (Spain) Emigration and immigration Government policy History 20th century

description: The expansion of fruit, vegetable and horticultural (FVH) production in California and Andalucia has been contemporaneous with a decline in 'native' farm labor and restrictions on lower-skilled migration. Resulting increases in the populations of unauthorized farmworkers have contributed to mounting tension over the rights and numbers of migrants in Spain and the United States. Yet, the similarities in farm labor outcomes contrast with the distinct geographical, temporal, sociocultural and institutional conditions in which these labor markets have evolved. Using Californian and andaluz FVH as exemplars, the dissertation explores the problem and problematization of unauthorized migration in the United States and Spain from 1985 through 2005. Four primary themes -uncovered in interviews with migration researchers, advocates, union representatives, employers and migrants -guide assessment of the relationship between the reproduction of illegality and the regulation of migration and FVH production: the (1) recruitment and (2) retention of unauthorized farmworkers and the role of (3) interest groups and (4) the state in migration and farm labor policymaking. Legislation, mass media and US and Spanish census and survey data illustrate demographic, economic and political shifts over this period. The study illuminates the primary, but not always direct, role of policies and politics in the magnitude and composition of migration and settlement patterns in both countries. Laissez faire regulation and symbolic enforcement have shaped the ethnic, legal and gender composition of the farm labor market. Political and structural constraints, as well as economic pressures, have institutionalized illegality in FVH agriculture, subverting the cost of human rights to the price of food. Coupled with economic growth, this outsourcing in situ has spurred labor market intermediation and fostered poverty in rural communities; agreement on a farm labor fix has been limited, although not eclipsed, by public contestation over illegal migration.
Hamiltonian elliptic dynamics on symplectic 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Bessa, Mario
name: Dias, Joao Lopes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider C2 Hamiltonian functions on compact 4-dimensional symplectic manifolds to study elliptic dynamics of the Hamiltonian flow, namely the so-called Newhouse dichotomy. We show that for any open set U intersecting a far from Anosov regular energy surface, there is a nearby Hamiltonian having an elliptic closed orbit through U. Moreover, this implies that for far from Anosov regular energy surfaces of a C2-generic Hamiltonian the elliptic closed orbits are generic.
description: 9 pages
The Mind Is a Powerful Place: How Showing Code Comprehensibility Metrics Influences Code Understanding
Creators: name: Wyrich, Marvin
name: Preikschat, Andreas
name: Graziotin, Daniel
name: Wagner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Static code analysis tools and integrated development environments present developers with quality-related software metrics, some of which describe the understandability of source code. Software metrics influence overarching strategic decisions that impact the future of companies and the prioritization of everyday software development tasks. Several software metrics, however, lack in validation: we just choose to trust that they reflect what they are supposed to measure. Some of them were even shown to not measure the quality aspects they intend to measure. Yet, they influence us through biases in our cognitive-driven actions. In particular, they might anchor us in our decisions. Whether the anchoring effect exists with software metrics has not been studied yet. We conducted a randomized and double-blind experiment to investigate the extent to which a displayed metric value for source code comprehensibility anchors developers in their subjective rating of source code comprehensibility, whether performance is affected by the anchoring effect when working on comprehension tasks, and which individual characteristics might play a role in the anchoring effect. We found that the displayed value of a comprehensibility metric has a significant and large anchoring effect on a developer's code comprehensibility rating. The effect does not seem to affect the time or correctness when working on comprehension questions related to the code snippets under study. Since the anchoring effect is one of the most robust cognitive biases, and we have limited understanding of the consequences of the demonstrated manipulation of developers by non-validated metrics, we call for an increased awareness of the responsibility in code quality reporting and for corresponding tools to be based on scientific evidence.
description: To appear in: Proceedings of the 43rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE '21), Madrid, Spain, 12 pages. 12 pages, 1 figure. Postprint, after peer review
On the Presence of a Universal Acceleration Scale in Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Chae, Kyu-Hyun
name: Bernardi, Mariangela
name: Sanchez, Helena Dominguez
name: Sheth, Ravi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter phenomena in rotationally supported galaxies exhibit a characteristic acceleration scale of $g_\dagger \approx 1.2\times 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$. Whether this acceleration is a manifestation of a universal scale, or merely an emergent property with an intrinsic scatter, has been debated in the literature. Here we investigate whether a universal acceleration scale exists in dispersion-supported galaxies using two uniform sets of integral field spectroscopy (IFS) data from SDSS-IV MaNGA and ATLAS$^{\rm 3D}$. We apply the spherical Jeans equation to 15 MaNGA and 4 ATLAS$^{\rm 3D}$ slow-rotator E0 (i.e., nearly spherical) galaxies. Velocity dispersion profiles for these galaxies are well determined with observational errors under control. Bayesian inference indicates that all 19 galaxies are consistent with a universal acceleration of $g_\dagger=1.5_{-0.6}^{+0.9}\times 10^{-10}$ m s$^{-2}$. Moreover, all 387 data points from the radial bins of the velocity dispersion profiles are consistent with a universal relation between the radial acceleration traced by dynamics and that predicted by the observed distribution of baryons. This universality remains if we include 12 additional non-E0 slow-rotator elliptical galaxies from ATLAS$^{\rm 3D}$. Finally, the universal acceleration from MaNGA and ATLAS$^{\rm 3D}$ is consistent with that for rotationally supported galaxies, so our results support the view that dark matter phenomenology in galaxies involves a universal acceleration scale.
description: Published in ApJ Letters
Energy and enstrophy dissipation in steady state 2-d turbulence
Creators: name: Alexakis, Alexandros
name: Doering, Charles R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upper bounds on the bulk energy dissipation rate $ε$ and enstrophy dissipation rate $χ$ are derived for the statistical steady state of body forced two dimensional turbulence in a periodic domain. For a broad class of externally imposed body forces it is shown that $ε\le k_{f} U^3 Re^{-1/2}(C_1+C_2 Re^{-1})^{1/2}$ and $χ\le k_{f}^{3}U^3 (C_1+C_2 Re^{-1})$ where $U$ is the root-mean-square velocity, $k_f$ is a wavenumber (inverse length scale) related with the forcing function, and $Re = U /νk_f$. The positive coefficients $C_1$ and $C_2$ are uniform in the the kinematic viscosity $ν$, the amplitude of the driving force, and the system size. We compare these results with previously obtained bounds for body forces involving only a single length scale, or for velocity dependent a constant-energy-flux forces acting at finite wavenumbers. Implications of our results are discussed.
description: Submmited to Phys. Lett. A
The Issues of Mismodelling Gravitational-Wave Data for Parameter Estimation
Creators: name: Edy, O
name: Lundgren, A.
name: Nuttall, L. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian inference is used to extract unknown parameters from gravitational wave signals. Detector noise is typically modelled as stationary, although data from the LIGO and Virgo detectors is not stationary. We demonstrate that the posterior of estimated waveform parameters is no longer valid under the assumption of stationarity. We show that while the posterior is unbiased, the errors will be under- or overestimated compared to the true posterior. A formalism was developed to measure the effect of the mismodelling, and found the effect of any form of non-stationarity has an effect on the results, but are not significant in certain circumstances. We demonstrate the effect of short-duration Gaussian noise bursts and persistent oscillatory modulation of the noise on binary-black-hole-like signals. In the case of short signals, non-stationarity in the data does not have a large effect on the parameter estimation, but the errors from non-stationary data containing signals lasting tens of seconds or longer will be several times worse than if the noise was stationary. Accounting for this limiting factor in parameter sensitivity could be very important for achieving accurate astronomical results, including an estimation of the Hubble parameter. This methodology for handling the non-stationarity will also be invaluable for analysis of waveforms that last minutes or longer, such as those we expect to see with the Einstein Telescope.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. Comments welcome
Adiabatic melting of two-component Mott-insulator states
Creators: name: Rodriguez, M.
name: Clark, S. R.
name: Jaksch, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the outcome of a Mott insulator to superfluid transition for a two-component Bose gas with two atoms per site in an optical lattice in the limit of slow ramping down the lattice potential. This manipulation of the initial Mott insulating state transforms local correlations between hyperfine states of atom pairs into multiparticle correlations extending over the whole system. We show how to create macroscopic twin Fock states in this way an that, in general, the obtained superfluid states are highly depleted even for initial ground Mott insulator states.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Financial and Structural Characteristics of U.S. Commercial Cotton Farms, 1991-92
Creators: name: Dodson, Charles B.
name: Dodson, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Production Economics
subject: Farm financial characteristics
subject: Farm Costs and Returns Survey
subject: commercial cotton farms
subject: farm income

description: Commercial cotton farms contribute about two-thirds of all U.S. cotton production. Approximately two-thirds of these farms had positive net farm income in 1991 and 1992. Low lint yields, especially in the South Plains region, appeared to be the major reason for negative incomes. A higher percentage of commercial cotton farms experienced financial stress compared with other commercial farms. These findings are based on the 1991-92 USDA Farm Costs and Returns Survey.
Supersymmetry Breaking and Moduli Stabilization with Anomalous U(1) Gauge Symmetry
Creators: name: Choi, Kiwoon
name: Jeong, Kwang Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effects of anomalous U(1)_A gauge symmetry on soft supersymmetry breaking terms while incorporating the stabilization of the modulus-axion multiplet responsible for the Green-Schwarz (GS) anomaly cancellation mechanism. In case of the KKLT stabilization of the GS modulus, soft terms are determined by the GS modulus mediation, the anomaly mediation and the U(1)_A mediation which are generically comparable to each other, thereby yielding the mirage mediation pattern of superparticle masses at low energy scale. Independently of the mechanism of moduli stabilization and supersymmetry breaking, the U(1)_A D-term potential can not be an uplifting potential for de Sitter vacuum when the gravitino mass is smaller than the Planck scale by many orders of magnitude. We also discuss some features of the supersymmetry breaking by red-shifted anti-brane which is a key element of the KKLT moduli stabilization.
description: 32 pages; references are added
The Mabo Litigation: From Individual Claims to Communal Rights
Creators: name: Keon-Cohen, Bryan
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article analyses procedural aspects of the decade-long Mabo litigation, 1982–92. The individual claims made by the five original plaintiffs to, in total, 46 identified areas of land and sea; the results of those claims; and the plaintiffs’ various roles at the trial of facts are outlined. Eddie Mabo’s leadership and rejection by the trial judge; how two plaintiffs — the Passi brothers — withdrew with one returning; and three plaintiffs dying before final judgment, are mentioned. Unusual procedural steps initiated by the High Court in May 1991 — after nine years of litigation — are then examined. Following some judges’ suggestions during final oral argument, the plaintiffs’ counsel drafted, overnight, and submitted an application to amend the statement of claim. Hitherto pleaded (including at the trial of facts) as a representative action by each plaintiff, on behalf of their respective family groups, the plaintiffs now sought to significantly amend to plead one communal claim to the whole of the three Murray Islands. The Court adjourned without ruling on this very late application. Its final declaration spoke only of ‘the Meriam people’ enjoying native title to Murray Island. Extensive citations, transcript extracts, and extracts from the Further Amended Statement of Claim are included.
Broad-line region configuration of the supermassive binary black hole candidate PG1302-102 in the relativistic Doppler boosting scenario
Creators: name: Song, Zihao
name: Ge, Junqiang
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Yan, Changshuo
name: Ji, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PG1302-102 is thought to be a supermassive binary black hole (BBH) system according to the periodical variations of its optical and UV photometry, which may be interpreted as being due to the relativistic Doppler boosting of the emission mainly from the disk around the secondary black hole (BH) modulated by its orbital motion. In this paper, we investigate several broad emission lines of PG1302-102 using archived UV spectra obtained by IUE, GALEX, and Hubble, to reveal the broad-line region (BLR) emission properties of this BBH system under the Doppler boosting scenario. We find that the broad lines Ly$α$, NV, CIV, and CIII] all show Gaussian profiles, and none of these lines exhibits obvious periodical variation. Adopting a simple model for the BLR, we perform Markov chain Monte Carlo fittings to these broad lines, and find that the BLR must be viewed at an orientation angle of $\sim33^{\circ}$, close to face-on. If the Doppler boosting interpretation is correct, then the BLR is misaligned with the BBH orbital plane by an angle of $\sim51^\circ$, which suggests that the Doppler boosted continuum variation has little effect on the broad-line emission and thus does not lead to periodical line variation. We further discuss the possible implications for such a BLR configuration with respect to the BBH orbital plane.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, matches A&A version (only minor changes)
Streaming Graph Neural Networks via Continual Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Junshan
name: Song, Guojie
name: Wu, Yi
name: Wang, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance in various applications. In the real world, network data is usually formed in a streaming fashion. The distributions of patterns that refer to neighborhood information of nodes may shift over time. The GNN model needs to learn the new patterns that cannot yet be captured. But learning incrementally leads to the catastrophic forgetting problem that historical knowledge is overwritten by newly learned knowledge. Therefore, it is important to train GNN model to learn new patterns and maintain existing patterns simultaneously, which few works focus on. In this paper, we propose a streaming GNN model based on continual learning so that the model is trained incrementally and up-to-date node representations can be obtained at each time step. Firstly, we design an approximation algorithm to detect new coming patterns efficiently based on information propagation. Secondly, we combine two perspectives of data replaying and model regularization for existing pattern consolidation. Specially, a hierarchy-importance sampling strategy for nodes is designed and a weighted regularization term for GNN parameters is derived, achieving greater stability and generalization of knowledge consolidation. Our model is evaluated on real and synthetic data sets and compared with multiple baselines. The results of node classification prove that our model can efficiently update model parameters and achieve comparable performance to model retraining. In addition, we also conduct a case study on the synthetic data, and carry out some specific analysis for each part of our model, illustrating its ability to learn new knowledge and maintain existing knowledge from different perspectives.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, CIKM 2020
The very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics motivation, detector design, triggers, calibration, alignment, simulation, and overall performance of the very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment are reviewed. The CASTOR Cherenkov sampling calorimeter is located very close to the LHC beam line, at a radial distance of about 1 cm from the beam pipe, and at 14.4 m from the CMS interaction point, covering the pseudorapidity range of $-$6.6 $\lt$ $η$ $\lt$ $-$5.2. It was designed to withstand high ambient radiation and strong magnetic fields. The performance of the detector in measurements of forward energy density, jets, and processes characterized by rapidity gaps, is reviewed using data collected in proton and nuclear collisions at the LHC.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/PRF-18-002 (CMS Public Pages)
Effective structure of a system with continuous polydispersity
Creators: name: Patel, Palak
name: Nandi, Manoj Kumar
name: Nandi, Ujjwal Kumar
name: Bhattacharyya, Sarika Maitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a system of N particles, with continuous size polydispersity there exists N(N-1) number of partial structure factors making it analytically less tractable. A common practice is to treat the system as an effective one component system which is known to exhibit an artificial softening of the structure. The aim of this study is to describe the system in terms of M pseudo species such that we can avoid this artificial softening but at the same time have a value of M << N. We use potential energy and pair excess entropy to estimate an optimum number of species, M_{0}. We find that systems with polydispersity width, Δσ_{0} can be treated as a monodisperse system. We show that M_{0} depends on the degree and type of polydispersity and also on the nature of the interaction potential, whereas, Δσ_{0} weakly depends on the type of the polydispersity, but shows a stronger dependence on the type of interaction potential. Systems with softer interaction potential have a higher tolerance with respect to polydispersity. Interestingly, M_{0} is independent of system size, making this study more relevant for bigger systems. Our study reveals that even 1% polydispersity cannot be treated as an effective monodisperse system. Thus while studying the role of polydispersity by using the structure of an effective one component system care must be taken in decoupling the role of polydispersity from that of the artificial softening of the structure.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Binary Mergers and Growth of Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters
Creators: name: O'Leary, Ryan M.
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
name: Fregeau, John M.
name: Ivanova, Natalia
name: O'Shaughnessy, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the dynamical evolution of primordial black holes (BHs) in dense star clusters using a simplified treatment of stellar dynamics in which the BHs are assumed to remain concentrated in an inner core, completely decoupled from the background stars. Dynamical interactions involving BH binaries are computed exactly and are generated according to a Monte Carlo prescription. Recoil and ejections lead to complete evaporation of the BH core on a timescale ~10^9 yr for typical globular cluster parameters. Orbital decay driven by gravitational radiation can make binaries merge and, in some cases, successive mergers can lead to significant BH growth. Our highly simplified treatment of the cluster dynamics allows us to study a large number of models and to compute statistical distributions of outcomes, such as the probability of massive BH growth and retention in a cluster. We find that, in most models, there is a significant probability (~20-80%) of BH growth with final masses > 100 M_{\sun}. In one case, a final BH formed with mass ~ 620 M_{\sun}. However, if the typical merger recoil speed (due to asymmetric emission of gravitational radiation) significantly exceeds the cluster escape speed, no growth ever occurs. Independent of the recoil speed, we find that BH-BH mergers enhanced by dynamical interactions in cluster cores present an important source of gravitational waves for ground--based laser interferometers. Under optimistic conditions, the total rate of detections by Advanced LIGO, could be as high as a few tens of events per year from inspiraling BHs from clusters.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Corrected figure 5, minor changes to reflect accepted paper. To appear in ApJ
Dark Matter Simulations with Primordial Black Holes in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Tkachev, Maxim
name: Pilipenko, Sergey
name: Yepes, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial Black Holes (PBH) with masses of order $10-30 M_\odot$ have been proposed as a possible explanation of the gravitational waves emission events recently discovered by the LIGO observatory. If true, then PBHs would constitute a sizeable fraction of the dark matter component in the Universe. Using a series of cosmological N-body simulations which include both dark matter and a variable fraction of PBHs ranging from $f_{PBH} = 10^{-4}$ to $f_{PBH} = 1$, we analyse the processes of formation and disruption of gravitationally bound PBH pairs, as well as the merging of both bound and unbound pairs, and estimate the probabilities of such events. We show that they are in good agreement with the constrains to the PBH abundance obtained by the LIGO and other research groups. We find that pair stability, while being a main factor responsible for the merger rate, is significantly affected by the effects of dark matter halo formation and clustering. As a side result, we also evaluate the effects of numerical errors in the stability of bound pairs, which can be useful for future research using this methodology.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Description of intermediate- and short-range NN nuclear force within a covariant effective field theory
Creators: name: Faessler, Amand
name: Kukulin, V. I.
name: Shikhalev, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present paper is aimed to developing an effective field theory in the GeV region to describe consistently both elastic and inelastic NN-scattering in a fully covariant way. In this development we employ our novel s-channel mechanism of NN-interaction at intermediate and short ranges assuming a formation of the six-quark bag dressed with basic meson fields such as $π$, $σ$, $ρ$ and $ω$ in the intermediate state. The peripheral part of the interaction is governed by t-channel one- and two-pion exchanges described fairly well by chiral perturbation theory. The $σ$-meson dressing should be especially important for the stabilization of the bag due to a high coupling constant of the $σ$-meson with the bag and also a strong interaction between the $σ$-field and space symmetric quark core $|s^6[6]>$. This stabilization of the intermediate dressed bag (which shifts the mass of the bag downward to NN threshold) will be crucially important for the description of $π$, $2π$, $ρ$ and $ω$-meson production in NN-collisions, and, in particular, for the correct description of $π^0$ production near threshold. So that, we expect that the results of the present work will lead to a deeper understanding the short- and intermediate-range nuclear forces and internucleon correlations in nuclei.
description: 42 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Ann. Phys
Merger-Ringdown Consistency: A New Test of Strong Gravity using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Bhagwat, Swetha
name: Pacilio, Costantino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational waves emitted during the coalescence of binary black holes are an excellent probe to test the behaviour of strong gravity. In this paper, we propose a new test called the `merger-ringdown consistency test` that focuses on probing the imprints of the dynamics in strong-gravity around the black-holes during the plunge-merger and ringdown phase. Furthermore, we present a scheme that allows us to efficiently combine information across multiple ringdown observations to perform a statistical null test of GR using the detected BH population. We present a proof-of-concept study for this test using simulated binary black hole ringdowns embedded in the next-generation ground-based detector noise. We demonstrate the feasibility of our test using a deep learning framework, setting a precedence for performing precision tests of gravity with neural networks.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; v4: matches published version
The Mabo Litigation: From Individual Claims to Communal Rights (Advance)
Creators: name: Keon-Cohen, Bryan
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article analyses procedural aspects of the decade-long Mabo litigation, 1982–92. The individual claims made by the five original plaintiffs to, in total, 46 identified areas of land and sea; the results of those claims; and the plaintiffs’ various roles at the trial of facts are outlined. Eddie Mabo’s leadership and rejection by the trial judge; how two plaintiffs — the Passi brothers — withdrew with one returning; and three plaintiffs dying before final judgment, are mentioned. Unusual procedural steps initiated by the High Court in May 1991 — after nine years of litigation — are then examined. Following some judges’ suggestions during final oral argument, the plaintiffs’ counsel drafted, overnight, and submitted an application to amend the statement of claim. Hitherto pleaded (including at the trial of facts) as a representative action by each plaintiff, on behalf of their respective family groups, the plaintiffs now sought to significantly amend to plead one communal claim to the whole of the three Murray Islands. The Court adjourned without ruling on this very late application. Its final declaration spoke only of ‘the Meriam people’ enjoying native title to Murray Island. Extensive citations, transcript extracts, and extracts from the Further Amended Statement of Claim are included.
Standing Shocks in Trans-Magnetosonic Accretion Flows onto a Black Hole
Creators: name: Takahashi, M.
name: Goto, J.
name: Fukumura, K.
name: Rilett, D.
name: Tsuruta, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast and slow magnetosonic shock formation is presented for stationary and axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) accretion flows onto a black hole. The shocked black hole accretion solution must pass through magnetosonic points at some locations outside and inside the shock location. We analyze critical conditions at the magnetosonic points and the shock conditions. Then, we show the restrictions on the flow parameters for strong shocks. We also show that a very hot shocked plasma is obtained for a very high-energy inflow with small number density. Such a MHD shock can appear very close to the event horizon, and can be expected as a source of high-energy emissions. Examples of shocked MHD accretion flows are presented in the Schwarzschild case.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, accepted to ApJ
The natural frequencies of masonry beams
Creators: name: Girardi, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The present paper aims at analytically evaluating the natural frequencies of cracked slender masonry elements. The problem is dealt with in the framework of linear perturbation, and the small oscillations of the structure are studied under loaded conditions, after the equilibrium for permanent loads has been achieved. A masonry beam element made of masonry-like material is considered, and some explicit expressions of the beam's fundamental frequency as a function of the external loads and the amplitude of imposed deformations are derived. The analytical results are validated via finite-element analysis.
Microneurographic recordings from cutaneous receptors from the lower limb of humans
Creators: name: Kennedy, Paul Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Postural control is achieved through complex interactions between different neural networks. While it is difficult to isolate the contribution of any individual system, somatosensory information from the lower limbs provides a sensitive measure of postural sway during quiet stance (Fitzpatrick and McCloskey 1994). Furthermore, these signals initiate postural responses to perturbations to permit accurate realignment of the body after a disturbance in stance (Inglis et al. 1994). One possible source of this essential information, although not clear, is thought to originate in cutaneous mechanoreceptors located in the glabrous skin of the foot sole. To date, there is limited information about the cutaneous afferents in the lower limb. The purpose of this study was therefore to document the characteristics of these receptors and to examine their potential role in postural control. Thirty-one recording sessions were performed on thirteen conscious participants between 22-50 years of age. Single unit activity was recorded from the tibial nerve at the level of the popliteal fossa with tungsten electrodes inserted percutaneously in the lower limb. Stable single unit recordings typically lasted between 10-15 minutes despite small ankle movements. Receptors were classified as slowly (SA) and fast adapting (FA) based on their response to a sustained indentation of the skin. Iri accordance with previous investigations the units were subdivided based on the properties of their receptive fields; small, well defined (type I) and large with obscure borders (type II). The proportion of the different receptor types (14% SAI, 15% SALT, 60% FAI, 14% FAIL n = 106) demonstrates that the glabrous skin of the foot sole potentially has a higher dynamic sensitivity than other documented skin regions (i.e. hand). The low degree of static activity in the foot sole could argue towards a sampling bias. However, the interpretation of the data is that this is of functional importance because during quiet stance maintaining stability is a dynamic task since the body is never completely motionless (Horak and Macpherson 1996).
Transition from a network of thin fibers to the quantum graph: an explicitly solvable model
Creators: name: Molchanov, S.
name: Vainberg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J05, 35P25, 58J37, 58J50

description: We consider an explicitly solvable model (formulated in the Riemannian geometry terms) for a stationary wave process in a specific thin domain with the Dirichlet boundary conditions on the boundary of the domain. The transition from the solutions of the scattering problem to the solutions of a problem on the limiting quantum graph is studied. We calculate the Lagrangian gluing conditions at vertices for the problem on the limiting graph. If the frequency of the incident wave is above the bottom of the absolutely continuous spectrum, the gluing conditions are formulated in terms of the scattering data of a problem in a neighborhood of each vertex. Near the bottom of the absolutely continuous spectrum the wave propagation is generically suppressed, and the gluing condition is degenerate (any solution of the limiting problem is zero at each vertex).
Supplementary Table for 'Sub-macroscopic Skin Presentation of Acromegaly and Effect of Pituitary Tumor Surgery'
Creators: name: Guo, Xiaopeng
name: Wang, Yukun
name: Xing, Bing
name: Liu, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: This is the Supplementary Table for the article "Sub-macroscopic Skin Presentation of Acromegaly and Effect of Pituitary Tumor Surgery", showing the correlations between postoperative remission and skin lesion improvement.