cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A New Model for Black Hole Soft X-ray Transients in Quiescence
Creators: name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
name: Yi, Insu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present models of the soft X-ray transients, A0620-00, V404 Cyg, and X-ray Nova Mus 1991, in quiescence. In each source, we postulate that there is an outer region, extending outward from about 3000 Schwarzschild radii, where the accretion flow is in the form of a standard thin disk. The outer disk produces most of the radiation we observe in the infrared, optical and UV bands. We propose that the disk undergoes an instability at its inner edge, perhaps by the mechanism described recently by Meyer \& Meyer-Hofmeister for cataclysmic variables. The accreting gas is thereby converted into a hot corona which flows into the black hole as a nearly virial two-temperature flow. We describe the hot inner flow by means of a recently discovered stable solution of optically thin advection-dominated accretion. In this flow, most of the thermal energy released by viscous dissipation is advected into the black hole and only a small fraction, $\sim10^{-4}-10^{-3}$, of the energy is radiated. The radiation is in the form of Comptonized synchrotron and bremsstrahlung emission, and has a broad spectrum extending from optical to soft gamma-rays. The models we present are consistent with all the available data in the three sources. In particular, the X-ray emission from the hot inner flow fits the observed flux and spectral index of A0620-00. We derive a mass accretion rate of $\sim10^{-11}\msyr$ in A0620-00 and Nova Mus, and $\sim{\rm few}\times10^{-10}\msyr$ in V404 Cyg. The best fit to the data is obtained for a viscosity parameter $α\sim0.1-0.3$ in the hot flow. The models predict that all three sources must have substantial flux in hard X-rays and soft $γ$-rays. This prediction is testable in the case of V404 Cyg with current instruments. A necessary feature of our proposal is that most of the viscous
description: 32 Pages, 6 Figures included, Compressed Postscript, To Appear in Astrophysical Journal
An X-ray investigation of powerful far-infrared galaxies
Creators: name: Iwasawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ASCA results on four prototype powerful far-infrared galaxies, Mrk231, Mrk273, Arp220 and NGC6240. The soft X-ray spectra show signatures of thermal emission with temperatures of (0.5-1) keV, which is probably produced in starbursts. Their soft X-ray (0.5-2 keV) luminosities range from 4x10^40 erg/s to 7x10^41 erg/s. The X-ray properties are examined in the context of a starburst. Evidence for a heavily obscured active nucleus is found in Mrk273 and NGC6240. The ASCA spectra of both galaxies show strong iron K emission line features. The hard X-ray emission (E>3 keV) in NGC6240 is most likely the reflected light of a hidden QSO whose intrinsic luminosity is suspected to be \~10^45 erg/s, comparable to the far-IR luminosity. The 2-10 keV emission, possibly related to an AGN, is found in Mrk231. The observed 2-10 keV luminosity is only 2x10^42 erg/s, and the origin of the hard X-ray emission is uncertain due to the low quality of the present data. No evidence for an AGN is found in Arp220 in the X-ray data. However, the soft X-ray emission originating in a starburst is also as weak as the Halpha nebula and near-IR continuum despite the large far-IR excess. The possible existence of a powerful but heavily obscured (Compton-thick) AGN is discussed.
description: 17 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Brain growth and development in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Creators: name: Jowett, Victoria Charlotte
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Introduction and Objectives: In the current era of excellent surgical results for congenital heart disease (CHD), focus has become directed on quality of life for these children. Previous studies have shown that neurodevelopmental outcome in CHD is impaired. The mechanisms are incompletely understood but there is increasing evidence that the origins of this are in fetal life. This thesis aims to describe the in utero brain growth in a cohort of fetuses with CHD and relate this to the circulatory abnormalities and fetal Doppler parameters. Methods: Pregnant women with a fetus with CHD were prospectively recruited. The congenital heart defect was phenotyped using fetal echocardiography and patients subdivided into three physiological groups on the basis of the anticipated abnormality of cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery: (1) isolated reduced flow to the brain; 2) reduced oxygen saturation of cerebral blood flow; (3) combination of reduced oxygen and flow. Fetal brain MRI was performed. In addition to standard biometric measurements, snapshot to volume reconstruction (SVR) was used to construct a 3D data set from the oversampled raw data. From these 3D volumes the total brain volume and ventricular volumes were measured by manual segmentation. Serial measurements of fetal growth were also made and umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery Doppler parameters were analysed. Results: 29 women were included; comparison was made with 83 normal MRI controls. Fetuses with CHD were found to have smaller brain volumes compared to controls when adjusting for advancing gestation (p<0.01). This difference becomes more pronounced with advancing gestation, suggesting a slower rate of in utero brain growth. Measurements of growth found that the fetuses with CHD were smaller throughout gestation with a highly significant difference at the later growth scan. (p<0.001). Cerebral and umbilical artery Doppler data showed evidence of reduced cerebrovascular resistance in fetuses with CHD but did not show a difference in the umbilical artery Doppler. Conclusion: Fetuses with CHD have evidence of impaired brain growth with advancing pregnancy and an increased rate of overall growth restriction. Doppler evidence of cerebral vasodilation supports the mechanism of reduced oxygen delivery as an underlying cause.
Sharp spectral transition for eigenvalues embedded into the spectral bands of perturbed periodic operators
Creators: name: Liu, Wencai
name: Ong, Darren C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the Schrödinger equation, \begin{equation*} Hu=-u^{\prime\prime}+(V(x)+V_0(x))u=Eu, \end{equation*} where $V_0(x)$ is 1-periodic and $V (x)$ is a decaying perturbation. By Floquet theory, the spectrum of $H_0=-\nabla^2+V_0$ is purely absolutely continuous and consists of a union of closed intervals (often referred to as spectral bands). Given any finite set of points $\{ E_j\}_{j=1}^N$ in any spectral band of $H_0$ obeying a mild non-resonance condition, we construct smooth functions $V(x)=\frac{O(1)}{1+|x|}$ such that $H=H_0+V$ has eigenvalues $\{ E_j\}_{j=1}^N$. Given any countable set of points $\{ E_j\}$ in any spectral band of $H_0$ obeying the same non-resonance condition, and any function $h(x)>0$ going to infinity arbitrarily slowly, we construct smooth functions $|V(x)|\leq \frac{h(x)}{1+|x|}$ such that $H=H_0+V$ has eigenvalues $\{ E_j\}$. On the other hand, we show that there is no eigenvalue of $H=H_0+V$ embedded in the spectral bands if $V(x)=\frac{o(1)}{1+|x|}$ as $x$ goes to infinity. We prove also an analogous result for Jacobi operators.
description: We combined this preprint with arXiv:1805.01571. J. Anal. Math. to appear
Demographic Analysis of Breast Tumors in a Sample of Iraqi Population
Creators: name: S.R. Mohammed
name: B.J. Mohamad
name: I.M. Al-Sudani
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2024
Subjects: breast cancer
epidemiology
incidence rate
Baghdad city

description: Breast cancer (BC) is the predominant type of cancer among the female population in Iraq, and one of the most common causes of death among females. Through the period from 2018 until 2020, A total of eightytwo Formalin Fixed-Paraffin embedded FFPE tissue blocks were collected from the archive of Histopathology Department in Teaching Laboratories of Medical City, Teaching Hospital of Al-Yarmouk, and a privately-owned laboratory in Baghdad, Iraq. The clinical information regarding age, gender, tumor size, tumor stage and grade, lymph nodes metastasis, in addition to the findings of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and receptor of human epidermal growth factor (HER)-2 were acquired from carefully reviewing patients' medical records and pathology reports. Results showed that a high incidence of BC in patients at sixth and decades of age, most of tumors′ specimens were within group size of (2-5 cm) in both malignant and benign groups, comprising 57.14% and 80% respectively, the most prevalent histologic type was invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) encompassing 73.8%. About 59.52% of cases had positive lymph node tumor metastasis, the majority of cases were in grade II 64%. Stage III of the disease had the highest rate, most of the cases were ER positive (66%), PR positive (57%) and for the HER most of the cases were HER negative.
Radiation Dosimetry of Binary Pulsars
Creators: name: Eichler, David
name: Nath, Biman B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Companion stars exposed to high energy radiation from a primary neutron star or accreting black hole can experience significant spallation of their heavy elements, so that their atmospheres would be extremely rich in lithium, beryllium, and especially boron. In this paper we note that the detection or non-detection of these elements, and their relative abundances if detected, would provide a diagnostic of the high energy output of the primary, and possibly the shock acceleration of particles at the companion's bow shock in a pulsar wind.
description: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal. Plain TeX file, 8 pages, no figures
Capra reversa Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra
Capra reversa

description: Capra reversa [spec. nov.]
C. cornibus erectis apice recurvis. Syst. nat. 14. n. 3.
Habitat in America.
Magnitudo haedi Hirci unius anni. Pili breves, cervini. Cornua vix digitum longa, antrorsum recurvata apice. Haec cum praecedenti coibat & pullum non diu superstitem in vivario Cliffortiano producebat. Facies utriusque adeo aliena, ut vix speciem eandem, at diversissimam argueret.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 69, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Interleukin-37 Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Patient Susceptibility to Hepatitis B and C Infection
Creators: name: S. Hassan
name: R.T. Mohsen
name: M.S. Farman
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2024
Subjects: interleukin-37
polymorphisms
hepatitis B
hepatitis C

description: The study was carried out in Anbar from September to December 2022 with the aim of identifying genetic variations in the IL-37 subunit gene among persons with chronic hepatitis. We investigated the correlation between the impact of IL-37 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and hepatitis B and C virus infections. The four-arm primer approach was employed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a cohort consisting of 90 patients and 100 healthy controls from the Iraqi population. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-37 gene were determined through genotyping. Patients exhibited significantly higher frequencies of the rs2708967 G allele and GG genotype in comparison to controls. On the other hand, the rates of the A allele and AA genotype were comparatively lower, while the frequencies of the AG genotype were same. The patients demonstrated markedly elevated frequencies of the T allele and TT genotype compared to the controls. In addition, they exhibited markedly reduced frequencies of the C allele and CC genotype compared to the control group. The frequencies of CT genotypes, allele A, and AG and AA frequencies for the rs3811047 SNP did not show any significant differences in patients compared to controls. Our work indicates that mutations in the IL-37 gene are responsible for the genetic risk factors that contribute to the high occurrence of HBV and HCV infections in the Iraqi population.
Self-Similar Evolution of Gravitational Clustering: N-Body Simulations of the n=-2 Spectrum
Creators: name: Jain, Bhuvnesh
name: Bertschinger, Edmund
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power spectrum P(k)\propto k^n with n=-2 is close to the shape of the measured galaxy spectrum on small scales. Unfortunately this spectrum has proven rather difficult to simulate. Further, 2-dimensional simulations have suggested a breakdown of self-similar scaling for spectra with n
description: 34 pages, 14 figures included. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Investigation of Some Biomarkers Associated with Malignant and Benign Prostate Tumors in Iraqi Males
Creators: name: B.H. Hameedi
Publisher: name: Opera Medica et Physiologica
Year: 2024
Subjects: prostate cancer (PCa)
PD-1
PDL-1
PSA
testosterone

description: Prostate cancer (PCa), a challenging ailment, impacts a substantial number of men globally, primarily in prestigious regions. The study aimed to explore the functions of PD-1, PDL-1, PSA, and testosterone markers in detecting the pathogenesis of PCa. Medical City-Baghdad hosted the research from July to October 2021. After examination and diagnosis by the Medical City consultant expert, 40 blood samples (20 benign and 20 malignant) were collected from prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Eight healthy individuals were used as a control group and their blood samples were taken. Patients and controls ranged in age from 20-49. The ELISA technique was employed to assess the levels of program death-1 (PD-1), program death ligand-1 (PDL-1), and prostate specific antigen (PSA), and testosterone parameters. The study found substantial differences (P < 0.05) across age groups and study groups, with malignant patients scoring highest (70.0%) at 40-49 years and benign patients scoring highest (45.0%) at 30-39 years. Elevated levels of PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA are observed in both benign and malignant PCa compared to healthy. Neither benign nor malignant PCa had significantly lower testosterone levels than healthy PCa (P > 0.05). Both PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA show a remarkably high sensitivity (100%) when used to screen patients for prostate cancer. Finally, there is a negative correlation between PSA and PD-1, PDL-1 parameters. The PD-1, PDL-1, and PSA have been found to play significant roles in the development of prostate cancer and have shown high sensitivity in screening for PCa.
Large Scale Structure Formation with Global Topological Defects. A new Formalism and its implementation by numerical simulations
Creators: name: Durrer, R.
name: Zhou, Z. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate cosmological structure formation seeded by topological defects which may form during a phase transition in the early universe. First we derive a partially new, local and gauge invariant system of perturbation equations to treat microwave background and dark matter fluctuations induced by topological defects or any other type of seeds. We then show that this system is well suited for numerical analysis of structure formation by applying it to seeds induced by fluctuations of a global scalar field. Our numerical results are complementary to previous investigations since we use substantially different methods. The resulting microwave background fluctuations are compatible with older simulations. We also obtain a scale invariant spectrum of fluctuations with about the same amplitude. However, our dark matter results yield a smaller bias parameter compatible with $b\sim 2$ on a scale of $20 Mpc$ in contrast to previous work which yielded to large bias factors. Our conclusions are thus more positive. According to the aspects analyzed in this work, global topological defect induced fluctuations yield viable scenarios of structure formation and do better than standard CDM on large scales.
description: uuencoded, compressed tar-file containing the text in LaTeX and 12 Postscript Figures, 41 pages
Enhancing BOSS bispectrum cosmological constraints with maximal compression
Creators: name: Gualdi, Davide
name: Gil-Marín, Héctor
name: Schuhmann, Robert L.
name: Manera, Marc
name: Joachimi, Benjamin
name: Lahav, Ofer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply two compression methods to the galaxy power spectrum monopole/quadrupole and bispectrum monopole measurements from the BOSS DR12 CMASS sample. Both methods reduce the dimension of the original data-vector to the number of cosmological parameters considered, using the Karhunen-Loève algorithm with an analytic covariance model. In the first case, we infer the posterior through MCMC sampling from the likelihood of the compressed data-vector (MC-KL). The second, faster option, works by first Gaussianising and then orthogonalising the parameter space before the compression; in this option (G-PCA) we only need to run a low-resolution preliminary MCMC sample for the Gaussianization to compute our posterior. Both compression methods accurately reproduce the posterior distributions obtained by standard MCMC sampling on the CMASS dataset for a $k$-space range of $0.03-0.12\,h/\mathrm{Mpc}$. The compression enables us to increase the number of bispectrum measurements by a factor of $\sim 23$ over the standard binning (from 116 to 2734 triangles used), which is otherwise limited by the number of mock catalogues available. This reduces the $68\%$ credible intervals for the parameters $\left(b_1,b_2,f,σ_8\right)$ by $\left(-24.8\%,-52.8\%,-26.4\%,-21\%\right)$, respectively. The best-fit values we obtain are $(b_1=2.31\pm0.17,b_2=0.77\pm0.19,$ $f(z_{\mathrm{CMASS}})=0.67\pm0.06,σ_8(z_{\mathrm{CMASS}})=0.51\pm0.03)$. Using these methods for future redshift surveys like DESI, Euclid and PFS will drastically reduce the number of simulations needed to compute accurate covariance matrices and will facilitate tighter constraints on cosmological parameters.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by MNRAS after addressing the comments by the referee
Spectroscopy of Outlying H II Regions in Spiral Galaxies: Abundances and Radial Gradients
Creators: name: van Zee, L.
name: Salzer, J. J.
name: Haynes, M. P.
name: O'Donoghue, A. A.
name: Balonek, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of low dispersion optical spectroscopy of 186 H II regions spanning a range of radius in 13 spiral galaxies. Abundances for several elements (oxygen, nitrogen, neon, sulfur, and argon) were determined for 185 of the H II regions. As expected, low metallicities were found for the outlying H II regions of these spiral galaxies. Radial abundance gradients were derived for the 11 primary galaxies; similar to results for other spiral galaxies, the derived abundance gradients are typically -0.04 to -0.07 dex/kpc.
description: 18 pages of text, 20 pages of tables, 15 pages of figures. Tables 3-5 are also available as ascii text in the tar file. Accepted to the AJ
Ultralow-power chip-based soliton microcombs for photonic integration
Creators: name: Liu, Junqiu
name: Raja, Arslan S.
name: Karpov, Maxim
name: Ghadiani, Bahareh
name: Pfeiffer, Martin H. P.
name: Engelsen, Nils J.
name: Guo, Hairun
name: Zervas, Michael
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of dissipative Kerr solitons in optical microresonators has provided a route to compact frequency combs of high repetition rate, which have already been employed for optical frequency synthesizers, ultrafast ranging, coherent telecommunication and dual-comb spectroscopy. Silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$) microresonators are promising for photonic integrated soliton microcombs. Yet to date, soliton formation in Si$_3$N$_4$ microresonators at electronically detectable repetition rates, typically less than 100 GHz, is hindered by the requirement of external power amplifiers, due to the low quality ($Q$) factors, as well as by thermal effects which necessitate the use of frequency agile lasers to access the soliton state. These requirements complicate future photonic integration, heterogeneous or hybrid, of soliton microcomb devices based on Si$_3$N$_4$ microresonators with other active or passive components. Here, using the photonic Damascene reflow process, we demonstrate ultralow-power single soliton formation in high-Q ($Q_0>15\times10^6$) Si$_3$N$_4$ microresonators with 9.8 mW input power (6.2 mW in the waveguide) for devices of electronically detectable, 99 GHz repetition rate. We show that solitons can be accessed via simple, slow laser piezo tuning, in many resonances in the same sample. These power levels are compatible with current silicon-photonics-based lasers for full photonic integration of soliton microcombs, at repetition rates suitable for applications such as ultrafast ranging and coherent communication. Our results show the technological readiness of Si$_3$N$_4$ optical waveguides for future all-on-chip soliton microcomb devices.
description: 5 figures
An axially-symmetric Newtonian Boson Star
Creators: name: Schupp, B.
name: van der Bij, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new solution to the coupled gravitational and scalar field equations for a condensed boson field is found in Newtonian approximation. The solution is axially symmetric, but not spherically symmetric. For N particles the mass of the object is given by $M = Nm - 0.02298 N^3 G_N^2 m^5$, to be compared with $M = Nm - 0.05426 N^3 G_N^2 m^5$ for the spherically symmetric case.
description: 4 pages, figures available on request
Stiffness reduction approach for structural steel design
Creators: name: Kucukler, Merih
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Stiffness reduction offers a practical means of considering the detrimental influence of imperfections and the spread of plasticity on the strength and stability of steel structures. In this thesis, a stiffness reduction approach for structural steel design is presented. The proposed method is carried out by reducing the stiffness of steel members through developed stiffness reduction functions and performing Linear Buckling Analysis (LBA-SR) and Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis (GNA-SR). Since the deleterious influence of geometrical imperfections, residual stresses and the spread of plasticity is fully taken into account through the developed stiffness reduction functions, the proposed design approach does not require the use of member design equations, but only requires cross-section checks, thus leading to practical design. Finite element models of steel members and frames are created and validated using experimental results from the literature. Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analyses (GMNIA) of the validated finite element models are used to verify the proposed stiffness reduction method in all considered cases. The proposed stiffness reduction method is initially developed for the flexural buckling assessment of columns and the in-plane design of beam-columns, where a stiffness reduction function is derived using the European column buckling curves, providing the same strength predictions as determined through these curves. The proposed method is then extended to the lateral-torsional buckling assessment of steel beams and the flexural-torsional buckling assessment of steel beam-columns. Having established its validity for individual members, the proposed method is applied to steel frames. Both non-redundant and redundant benchmark frames from the literature are considered. It is observed that the proposed stiffness reduction method provides a reliable and accurate design approach.
The management of pregnancy and labour in women with cardiac disease
Creators: name: Cauldwell, Matthew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Within my thesis I have shown that women with congenital heart disease are amenable to preconception counselling, but that many women are not referred to see a specialist cardiologist or obstetrician prior to pregnancy. Women with more severe forms of heart disease such as a Fontan repair have worse obstetric outcomes with high rates of miscarriage, preterm delivery and postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), hence the importance of comprehensive counselling prior to pregnancy. When women are counselled prior to pregnancy regarding the potential risks that they face, I have shown that the quoted risk of an adverse event assessed by an experienced clinician has a better correlation with actual outcome than other validated scoring systems such as the modified WHO score. Women with congenital heart disease are at much greater than average risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). My analysis has shown that after correcting for known risk factors for PPH, women with a Fontan repair are at the highest risk of increased blood loss, and that low molecular weight heparin at both a prophylactic and therapeutic dose is associated with higher rates of PPH even when stopped at an appropriate time prior to delivery. I have focussed on the management of labour in women with heart disease, in particular of the second and third stages. Having shown that a restricted second stage for women with heart disease recommended by the multidisciplinary team (MDT) is often not adhered to in our actual clinical practice, my pilot study showed that there was only a modest measured haemodynamic effect of pushing (bearing down), with a small but significant increase in maternal heart rate in the active second stage of labour. I have found from a literature review and from our own historical dataset that the practice of a restricted oxytocin regimen for the management of the third stage (designed to minimise cardiovascular side-effects) is associated with greater rates of PPH, mainly due to uterine atony. In a prospective cohort study, women with heart disease were allocated to either a low dose infusion or a combination of the low dose infusion with an initial bolus of 2IU of oxytocin over ten minutes; those receiving the additional oxytocin had a significantly lower volume of blood loss and rate of PPH. Importantly, the women receiving the higher dose of oxytocin had no measured deleterious cardiovascular side effects.
Identifying barriers and evaluating the effectiveness of short message service in improving adherence to medical and health screening appointments during the first two years of the coronavirus-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Gooden, Tanya
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Purpose: The rate of missed medical appointments and health screenings increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. This project was conducted to identify the leading barriers to missed appointments and health screenings and to explore the effectiveness of a text-based Short Message System (SMS) to improve missed appointment rates during the pandemic. Design: This quality improvement project followed a retrospective chart review and evaluation design to identify the number of patients who missed two or more medical appointments from January to December 2021 and health screenings from March 2020 to March 2021. A data abstraction form was used to identify significant barriers to missed appointments during COVID-19. A text-based SMS was implemented from April 2022 to May 2022 for six weeks to reduce the rates of missed appointments and health screenings in combination with the Practice’s usual telephone reminder calls. Results: 119 medical records were reviewed. The data abstraction form revealed that the three leading causes of missed appointments were scheduling difficulties (n= 51, 61%), fear of getting infected with COVID-19 (n=26, 31%), and transportation (n=16, 19%). After the text-based SMS system was initiated, missed appointment rates significantly decreased from 21% to 14%, a 7% decline by April- May 2022 (p =.004).Implications for Practice: Outcomes suggest this intervention improved appointments and health screening rates. Implications of the text-based SMS communication protocol can potentially improve appointment adherence. Further study is encouraged to measure the sustainable impact of the SMS reminder system to improve appointment and health screening rates during the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.
Photometric identification and MMT spectroscopy of new extremely metal-poor galaxies: towards a better understanding of young stellar populations at low metallicity
Creators: name: Senchyna, Peter
name: Stark, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremely metal-poor star-forming galaxies (XMPs) represent one of our only laboratories for study of the low-metallicity stars we expect to encounter at early epochs. But as our understanding of the $z>6$ universe has improved, it has become clear that the majority of known XMPs within 100 Mpc host significantly less prominent massive star populations than their reionization-era counterparts, severely limiting their utility as testbeds for interpreting spectral features found at the highest redshifts. Here we present a new photometric selection technique designed to identify nearby XMPs dominated by young stellar populations comparable to those expected in the reionization era. We apply our technique to uncover candidate XMPs in SDSS imaging at magnitudes $1610$ Myr timescales contribute substantially to the $\mathrm{He^+}$-ionizing photon budget in this metallicity regime. Applying such selection techniques coupled with deep spectroscopy to next-generation photometric surveys like LSST may eventually provide a basis for an empirical understanding of metal-poor massive stars.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Advanced prescription, advanced protection: increasing access to emergency contraception
Creators: name: Rynkowski, Taylor
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Purpose of Project: This DNP project objective is to address the lack of adherence to advanced prescriptions of emergency contraception (EC) in a large obstetrics and gynecology practice in northern New Jersey. The project also aimed to enhance patient knowledge and access to EC through provider counseling and advanced prescriptions as recommended by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). The purpose of this project is to implement a screening tool assessing patient need and interest in EC counseling and prescription, and in turn increase rates at which EC is discussed and/or prescribed as an advanced prescription. Methodology: The quality improvement project utilizes a patient screening tool regarding EC need/interest during annual appointment and provider data form detailing if EC counseling was completed, if an advanced prescription was offered, and if a prescription was writtenResults: Patient screening increased rates of EC education and counselling. Implications for Practice: The results indicated a substantial need for increased education and awareness of EC among patients. Provider knowledge gaps and the need for ongoing education were identified as barriers to sustaining the practice change. This project highlights patient interest and need for EC and helps guide provider care regarding counseling and advanced prescriptions, creating an improved workflow for the office as well as increased patient education and access to EC. Future research should focus on knowledge enhancement studies, comparative effectiveness research, and investigations into patient outcomes.
Ionized Absorbers in AGN: the Role of Collisional Ionization and Time-Evolving Photoionization
Creators: name: Nicastro, F.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Perola, G. C.
name: Elvis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explore collisional ionization and time-evolving photoionization in the, X-ray discovered, ionized absorbers in Seyfert galaxies. These absorbers show temporal changes inconsistent with simple equilibrium models. We develop a simple code to follow the temporal evolution of non-equilibrium photoionized gas. As a result several effects appear that are easily observable; and which, in fact, may explain otherwise paradoxical behavior. Specifically we find that: 1) In many important astrophysical conditions pure collisional and photoionization equilibria can be distinguished with moderate spectral resolution observations, due to a strong absorption structure between 1 and 3 keV. 2) In time-evolving non-equilibrium photoionization models the response of the ionization state of the gas to sudden changes of the ionizing continuum is smoothed and delayed at low gas densities, even when the luminosity increases. 3) If the changes of the ionizing luminosity are not instantaneous, and the electron density is low enough (the limit depends on the average ionization state of the gas), the ionization state of the gas can continue to increase while the source luminosity decreases, so a maximum in the ionization state of a given element may occur during a minimum of the ionizing intensity (the opposite of the prediction of equilibrium models). 4) Different ions of different elements reach their equilibrium configuration on different time-scales. These properties are similar to those seen in several ionized absorbers in AGN, properties which had hitherto been puzzling. We applied these models to a high S/N ROSAT PSPC observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4051.
description: 36 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication on Apj, in press
Electron and nuclear dynamics following molecular ionisation: computational methods and applications
Creators: name: Vacher, Morgane
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The emergence of attosecond techniques has opened up the possibility to experimentally probe changes in the electron distribution, that until now have been treated as instantaneous. Photoionisation of molecules with attosecond (broad bandwidth) pulses leads to a non-stationary electronic wave packet. The current state-of-the-art for ab initio theory treats molecular electron dynamics as a purely electronic process, at a single fixed nuclear geometry. The present thesis is concerned with fundamental questions about the physics of non-stationary electronic wave packets and the coupling of this motion to that of the nuclei. To simulate coupled electron and nuclear dynamics, we use the “on-the-fly” mixed quantum-classical Ehrenfest method and the quantum mechanical DD-vMCG method. The results obtained with the two methods are compared. We choose to study electron and nuclear dynamics upon ionisation of benzene, toluene and para- xylene as examples because vertical ionisation takes place at geometries near the conical intersections between ground and first excited states of their cations, leading to a potentially strong coupling between the electronic and nuclear coordinates. One aim is to investigate electron dynamics and how it is affected by the nuclei. We show significant effects of the nuclear motion after a few femtoseconds within the Ehrenfest approximation. We also show how the inherent spatial delocalisation of the nuclei leads to very fast dephasing of electron dynamics, using a Wigner distribution. The DD-vMCG simulations confirm the very fast dephasing of electron dynamics in the molecules studied. A complementary aspect of the dynamics upon ionisation is the nuclear motion induced by an electronic wave packet. We show how the averaged initial nuclear motion (direction and velocity) is controlled by the composition of the electronic wave packet, as predicted by the Ehrenfest method. The DD-vMCG method provides the details of the nuclear dynamics on each electronic state.
The effects of routine communication with primary caregivers
Creators: name: Hong, Deborah
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: Purpose of Project: The purpose of this study was to determine whether scheduled daily communication between a patient’s nurse and their primary caregiver would improve the caregiver’s satisfaction with the patient’s care in the Coronary Care Unit. Methodology: Primary caregivers of patients (n=9) were randomly assigned to either the project’s control or intervention group. The intervention group received daily phone calls from a nurse to discuss their loved one’s medical status, test results and treatment, while the control group did not receive daily updates from a nurse. After the patients were transferred out of the unit, caregivers in both groups completed an online twenty-five question questionnaire, The Family Satisfaction with Care in the Coronary Care Unit (FS-CCU), to measure the caregiver’s satisfaction with the level of care their loved one received from the hospital unit’s staff. A non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare the FS-CCU scores of the intervention group and control group. Results: The result indicated there was a significant difference between the FS-CCU mean scores of the intervention group and the control group (p=.032). Implications for Practice: Study results suggest that daily updates to primary caregivers did significantly affect the caregivers’ satisfaction with the care provided to their loved one. It also indicates that nurses should prioritize daily routine nurse-to-caregiver communication. Distributing knowledge of this project’s results could motivate other hospital units to implement daily updates to primary caregivers in their nursing practice.
Non-thermal pressure support in X-COP galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Eckert, D.
name: Ghirardini, V.
name: Ettori, S.
name: Rasia, E.
name: Biffi, V.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Rossetti, M.
name: Molendi, S.
name: Vazza, F.
name: Gastaldello, F.
name: Gaspari, M.
name: De Grandi, S.
name: Ghizzardi, S.
name: Bourdin, H.
name: Tchernin, C.
name: Roncarelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy clusters are the endpoints of structure formation and are continuously growing through the merging and accretion of smaller structures. Numerical simulations predict that a fraction of their energy content is not yet thermalized, mainly in the form of kinetic motions (turbulence, bulk motions). Measuring the level of non-thermal pressure support is necessary to understand the processes leading to the virialization of the gas within the potential well of the main halo and to calibrate the biases in hydrostatic mass estimates. We present high-quality measurements of hydrostatic masses and intracluster gas fraction out to the virial radius for a sample of 12 nearby clusters with available XMM-Newton and Planck data. We compare our hydrostatic gas fractions with the expected universal gas fraction to constrain the level of non-thermal pressure support. We find that hydrostatic masses require little correction and infer a median non-thermal pressure fraction of $\sim6\%$ and $\sim10\%$ at $R_{500}$ and $R_{200}$, respectively. Our values are lower than the expectations of hydrodynamical simulations, possibly implying a faster thermalization of the gas. If instead we use the mass calibration adopted by the Planck team, we find that the gas fraction of massive local systems implies a mass bias $1-b=0.85\pm0.05$ for SZ-derived masses, with some evidence for a mass-dependent bias. Conversely, the high bias required to match Planck CMB and cluster count cosmology is excluded by the data at high significance, unless the most massive halos are missing a substantial fraction of their baryons.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, A&A in press. This is one of three companion papers (including Ghirardini et al. and Ettori et al.) on the X-COP sample. X-COP data products are available for download on https://www.astro.unige.ch/xcop
Additional file 2: of Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) expert consensus for CMR imaging endpoints in clinical research: part I - analytical validation and clinical qualification
Creators: name: Puntmann, Valentina
name: Valbuena, Silvia
name: Rocio Hinojar
name: Petersen, Steffen
name: Greenwood, John
name: Kramer, Christopher
name: Kwong, Raymond
name: McCann, Gerry
name: Berry, Colin
name: Nagel, Eike
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Late gadolinium enhancement. Table 3b-i.1: Validation studies with LGE. Table 3b-i.2: Reproducibility of measurements for LGE. Table 3b-i.3: Comparative studies with other imaging techniques in ischaemic heart disease. Table 3b-i.4: Outcome studies with LGE. (DOCX 79 kb)
A test for partial correlation with censored astronomical data
Creators: name: Akritas, M. G.
name: Siebert, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new procedure is presented, which allows, based on Kendall's $τ$, to test for partial correlation in the presence of censored data. Further, a significance level can be assigned to the partial correlation -- a problem which hasn't been addressed in the past, even for uncensored data. The results of various tests with simulated data are reported. Finally, we apply this newly developed methodology to estimate the influence of selection effects on the correlation between the soft X--ray luminosity and both total and core radio luminosity in a complete sample of Active Galactic Nuclei.
description: 5 pages, 2 figs incl., uuencoded compressed postscript, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Probing cellulase stability in low cost mineral acid ionic liquids
Creators: name: Karim, Latiffah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Ionic liquid (IL) pretreatment has gained significant attention for biomass deconstruction. However, residual IL left in biomass can cause enzyme deactivation, leading to problems with further processing of biomass to sugars. Cellulases are enzymes commonly used in the saccharification process and the activity of this enzyme is severely affected by ILs. This thesis focuses on understanding how ILs affect the activity of cellulases in the enzymatic saccharification process. Sigmacell cellulose was used in the enzymatic saccharification process instead of biomass plant. Seven different ILs were added in the enzymatic saccharification mixtures and the activity of a mixture of commercially available cellulases was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to measure glucose release. Sulphate based ILs were more harmful for cellulase action than [EMIM][OAc], [BMIM]Cl and phosphate based ILs. [HBIM][HSO4] inactivated commercial cellulases (Celluclast®) and cellobiase (Novozyme188) in 4 h in the enzymatic saccharification process. In this thesis, it was observed that the main factor that affects the activity of cellulase is pH. To overcome this, acidophilic cellulases were suggested to improve the activity of the enzymes in ILs. Endoglucanase from Cryptococcus sp.S-2 and β-glucosidase from Thermofilum pendens were studied and tested with ILs. The result of this study has shown endoglucanase from Cryptococcus sp. as a promising enzyme in IL biomass deconstruction. There was a slight improvement in the activity of β-glucosidase from T.pendens with cellobiose in 1% [TEA][HSO4] but when both of these enzymes were combined and acting against carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with 10% (v/v) of [TEA][HSO4], the enzymes were still active. Based from these findings, pretreatment process using low cost IL is favourable as it is cost effective and more efficient.
Galaxy Morphology from NICMOS Parallel Imaging
Creators: name: Teplitz, Harry I.
name: Gardner, Jonathan P.
name: Malumuth, Eliot M.
name: Heap, Sara R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high resolution NICMOS images of random fields obtained in parallel to other HST observations. We present galaxy number counts reaching H=24. The H-band galaxy counts show good agreement with the deepest I- and K-band counts obtained from ground-based data. We present the distribution of galaxies with morphological type to H<23. We find relatively fewer irregular galaxies compared to an I-band sample from the Hubble Deep Field, which we attribute to their blue color, rather than to morphological K-corrections. We conclude that the irregulars are intrinsically faint blue galaxies at z<1.
description: 13 pages, including 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Large-scale metapopulation synchrony: changes and global patterns
Creators: name: Defriez, Emma Jane
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Synchronous population fluctuations among spatially separate populations have been widely observed in many taxa, at a variety of distances and scales. Moran effects, where populations are synchronized by a correlated environmental variable, are one of the primary mechanisms cited to cause spatial synchrony in populations. This thesis investigated patterns in synchrony of large-scale metapopulations in both marine and terrestrial environments. Despite their importance, both temporal changes in synchrony and geographic patterns in synchrony have, to date, been little explored. I investigated patterns of synchrony in plankton in the North Sea, before and after its regime shift. Results showed that patterns of synchrony in plankton and in sea surface temperatures changed over the regime shift period in the North Sea. Changes were not explained by changes in abundance and varied among taxa, indicating the potential for climate-change impacts on synchrony. I then explored geographic patterns of synchrony in primary productivity globally, including marine and terrestrial systems, and determined to what extent Moran effects may be driving these patterns. I found a significant spatial structure to synchrony in both phytoplankton and terrestrial vegetation globally, and that primary production is highly synchronized over large regions. There was considerable variation in the ability of Moran effects to explain these regions of synchrony. In general, synchrony in terrestrial vegetation was better explained by Moran effects than synchrony in marine phytoplankton. Additionally, results demonstrated that synchrony of primary productivity and its geography are time-scale-specific.