cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unequal Mass Binary Black Hole Plunges and Gravitational Recoil
Creators: name: Herrmann, F.
name: Hinder, I.
name: Shoemaker, D.
name: Laguna, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from fully nonlinear simulations of unequal mass binary black holes plunging from close separations well inside the innermost stable circular orbit with mass ratios q = M_1/M_2 = {1,0.85,0.78,0.55,0.32}, or equivalently, with reduced mass parameters $η=M_1M_2/(M_1+M_2)^2 = {0.25, 0.248, 0.246, 0.229, 0.183}$. For each case, the initial binary orbital parameters are chosen from the Cook-Baumgarte equal-mass ISCO configuration. We show waveforms of the dominant l=2,3 modes and compute estimates of energy and angular momentum radiated. For the plunges from the close separations considered, we measure kick velocities from gravitational radiation recoil in the range 25-82 km/s. Due to the initial close separations our kick velocity estimates should be understood as a lower bound. The close configurations considered are also likely to contain significant eccentricities influencing the recoil velocity.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, to appear in "New Frontiers" special issue of CQG
Convergence dynamics of Generative Adversarial Networks: the dual metric flows
Creators: name: Turinici, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Fitting neural networks often resorts to stochastic (or similar) gradient descent which is a noise-tolerant (and efficient) resolution of a gradient descent dynamics. It outputs a sequence of networks parameters, which sequence evolves during the training steps. The gradient descent is the limit, when the learning rate is small and the batch size is infinite, of this set of increasingly optimal network parameters obtained during training. In this contribution, we investigate instead the convergence in the Generative Adversarial Networks used in machine learning. We study the limit of small learning rate, and show that, similar to single network training, the GAN learning dynamics tend, for vanishing learning rate to some limit dynamics. This leads us to consider evolution equations in metric spaces (which is the natural framework for evolving probability laws) that we call dual flows. We give formal definitions of solutions and prove the convergence. The theory is then applied to specific instances of GANs and we discuss how this insight helps understand and mitigate the mode collapse. Keywords: GAN; metric flow; generative network
Source Coding for Quasiarithmetic Penalties
Creators: name: Baer, Michael B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.4; H.1.1

description: Huffman coding finds a prefix code that minimizes mean codeword length for a given probability distribution over a finite number of items. Campbell generalized the Huffman problem to a family of problems in which the goal is to minimize not mean codeword length but rather a generalized mean known as a quasiarithmetic or quasilinear mean. Such generalized means have a number of diverse applications, including applications in queueing. Several quasiarithmetic-mean problems have novel simple redundancy bounds in terms of a generalized entropy. A related property involves the existence of optimal codes: For ``well-behaved'' cost functions, optimal codes always exist for (possibly infinite-alphabet) sources having finite generalized entropy. Solving finite instances of such problems is done by generalizing an algorithm for finding length-limited binary codes to a new algorithm for finding optimal binary codes for any quasiarithmetic mean with a convex cost function. This algorithm can be performed using quadratic time and linear space, and can be extended to other penalty functions, some of which are solvable with similar space and time complexity, and others of which are solvable with slightly greater complexity. This reduces the computational complexity of a problem involving minimum delay in a queue, allows combinations of previously considered problems to be optimized, and greatly expands the space of problems solvable in quadratic time and linear space. The algorithm can be extended for purposes such as breaking ties among possibly different optimal codes, as with bottom-merge Huffman coding.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures, submitted to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, revised per suggestions of readers
Additional file 1 of A novel model to label delirium in an intensive care unit from clinician actions
Creators: name: Coombes, Caitlin E.
name: Coombes, Kevin R.
name: Fareed, Naleef
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Study model development and model comparison tables.
Locating and Tracing Seepage Water in Unstable Slopes
Creators: name: Alkhoja, Yasin A.
name: Scott, Gordon D.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: With the increase in modern highway construction, the occurrence of landslides has been growing proportionally due to the use of deeper cuts and higher fills. It has been observed that landslides on highways often occur in fills on hillsides. Accumulation of water in the embankment, usually seeping from a nearby hill, may reduce the shear strength of the embankment soil and result in failure at a later time. Many landslides on Kentucky highways have occurred a few years after construction and obviously have been caused by the gradual weakening of the embankment due to a damming and accumulation of water. Thus, locating and tracing seepage water in unstable slopes or in potential landslide areas become a significant tool in designing systems to remove or cut off the water so that the stability of the slope is maintained or increased.  Locating and tracing ground water have been done by two old and effective but rather expensive and time-consuming methods - borings and excavation. In recent years, efforts have been made to develop methods which are as effective as borings and excavation but require less time and can be accomplished at lower costs. The study reported herein is part of this effort to improve techniques. Interesting information and additional data have been added to the state of knowledge. In this investigation, several methods, such as the use of tracers, water table observation, and electrical resistivity, were considered and studied.
Firms’ International Status and Heterogeneity in Performance: Evidence From Italy
Creators: name: Casaburi, Lorenzo
name: Gattai, Valeria
name: Minerva, G. Alfredo
name: Casaburi, Lorenzo
name: Gattai, Valeria
name: Minerva, G. Alfredo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Export
subject: Heterogeneous Firms
subject: Italy
subject: Off-shoring
subject: Productivity

description: This paper revisits the empirical evidence about the link between firms’ performance and their international status, based on a large sample of Italian enterprises. To this purpose, we merged two waves of the Capitalia survey (1998-2000, and 2001-2003) retrieving firm level data for roughly 7,000 units. Three results stand out from our empirical exercise. First, firms that engage in the foreign production of final goods, in addition to export activities, are more productive than firms that only export abroad. Second, firms that engage in final goods off-shoring are more productive than firms that engage in inputs off-shoring. Third, in terms of the productivity dynamics over the period 1998-2003, exporters’ performance in Italy was not any better than the non-exporters’ one. Our results support the view that the better performance (in static terms) of globally engaged firms is chiefly due to the selection caused by the fixed costs associated to international operations.
Slurry Seal Maintenance Applications
Creators: name: Florence, Robert L.
name: Southgate, Herbert F.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A slurry seal mixture consists of graded fine aggregate (normally minus 3/8-inch material), mixing grade emulsified asphalt (SS-1 or SS-lH), and water. The water is added to aid in mixing and to provide a free-flowing consistency so that the mixture can be spread in thin layers on the surface of an existing pavement. After the mixture is spread, the water evaporates and the remaining material, aggregate and base asphalt, forms a thin seal on the pavement surface which resembles a fine-grained asphaltic-concrete surface. As a result of the free-flowing consistency and the fineness of the aggregate, a slurry mixture readily fills cracks, voids, small depressions, and will form a thin seal over the entire pavement surface.
Pavement Slipperiness Studies
Creators: name: Burchett, James L.
name: Rizenbergs, Rolands L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Studies of pavement skid resistance in Kentucky have been in progress since 1956. In 1964, an extensive investigation into the use of an automobile as a testing tool was undertaken and an interim standard method of test was selected. Since then, investigations with the device have continued, both to facilitate meaningful interpretation of skid-test data and to evaluate the skid resistance performance of pavement surfaces.  Variables associated with the testing device, procedures and pavement surfaces were investigated. Several paving projects were tested to determine the number of sites required to obtain a representative result. It was found that on most surfaces, the coefficient of friction varied relatively little, but that testing of two sites was desirable to insure a representative measurement. Tests with two different sets of ASTM E-17 standard test tires having nearly equal service life yielded identical results. Limited investigations on the effect of seasonal and temperature changes on skid resistance were conducted.  The polishing of pavements due to traffic, time in service, and year-to-year climatic differences were considered in order to ascertain the frictional characteristics of various pavements. Every type of pavement, sealing, and deslicking treatment used on Kentucky's state road system were monitored and assessed as to their frictional properties. The skid resistance of bituminous and portland cement concrete pavements were related to cumulative traffic. A regression analysis indicated that skid resistance on bituminous pavements decreased approximately 20 percent during the first million vehicle passes. The decrease was less rapid thereafter, being about 8 percent during the second million and about 6 percent during the !bird. A decrease in the coefficient of friction on portland cement concrete pavements due to traffic polishing was evident, but was less than on bituminous pavements. Kentucky rock asphalt surfaces retained high skid resistance regardless of in-service life or traffic exposure. Data on sand asphalt surfaces were not sufficiently complete to generalize about its skid resistance characteristics; however, several of the pavements did exhibit rather low coefficients of friction for the traffic sustained. For this reason, five experimental sand asphalt surfaces were constructed in 1968. Initial measurements on these surfaces are presented.
Experimental Sand-Asphalt Surface
Creators: name: Florence, Robert L.
name: Southgate, Herbert F.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Wearing surfaces of Kentucky rock asphalt applied in thin layers were used extensively in Kentucky for many years. Sand asphalts, which generically include rock asphalt, are now a reemergent generation of surfacings to be investigated (1,2,3). An interim report (4) related the construction and interim performance of trial surfacings in Logan County. Two bridge deck sand-asphalt surfacings have been reported (5). This report covers sand-asphalt construction and performance since 1966. Pertinent project data and comments are contained in Appendix A. The several Special Provisions are included in Appendix B.  Interest in sand-asphalt wearing surfaces issues from the skid-resistant qualities which are inherent in angular (unpolished) quartz sands. Blends of quartz sands together with crushed limestone sands have been employed experimentally to obtain strength and durability--and to evaluate the effect of limestone or carbonate sands on skid-resistance. Quartz concentrations in the order of 50 percent of the combined sand have not provided the desired assurances of persistent skid resistance; therefore, recourse to mixtures richer in quartz has become imperative. Experimental work is continuing in that direction.
Covariant M5-brane action with self-dual 3-form
Creators: name: Vanichchapongjaroen, Pichet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we extend a theory which describes a linearly self-dual exact 3-form field in six dimensional spacetime within the formalism of arXiv:1511.08220 and arXiv:1903.12196 to an action which fully describes an M5-brane in the eleven-dimensional supergravity background. The action we obtain has all the required symmetries including kappa-symmetry. Although the derivation of the action and the proof the symmetries do not require one to express the action explicitly in terms of the original field contents, we also give an initial attempt to give this expression.
description: 24 pages. Slight rewriting and improvements especially in sections 3-5. Version accepted by JHEP
Additional file 1 of Increasing ATP turnover boosts productivity of 2,3-butanediol synthesis in Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Boecker, Simon
name: Björn-Johannes Harder
name: Kutscha, Regina
name: Pflügl, Stefan
name: Klamt, Steffen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Results of microaerobic cultivations; Strains, plasmids and primers used in this study.
Zum Verhältnis von Entwicklungsdienst und Mission der Kirche
Creators: name: Linnenbrink, Günter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 29 Nr. 3 (1980): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 29, Heft 3
Experimental certification of nonclassicality via phase-space inequalities
Creators: name: Biagi, Nicola
name: Bohmann, Martin
name: Agudelo, Elizabeth
name: Bellini, Marco
name: Zavatta, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of its fundamental importance in quantum science and technology, the experimental certification of nonclassicality is still a challenging task, especially in realistic scenarios where losses and noise imbue the system. Here, we present the first experimental implementation of the recently introduced phase-space inequalities for nonclassicality certification, which conceptually unite phase-space representations with correlation conditions. We demonstrate the practicality and sensitivity of this approach by studying nonclassicality of a family of noisy and lossy quantum states of light. To this end, we experimentally generate single-photon-added thermal states with various thermal mean photon numbers and detect them at different loss levels. Based on the reconstructed Wigner and Husimi Q functions, the inequality conditions detect nonclassicality despite the fact that the involved distributions are nonnegative, which includes cases of high losses (93%) and cases where other established methods do not reveal nonclassicality. We show the advantages of the implemented approach and discuss possible extensions that assure a wide applicability for quantum science and technologies.
Effect of adenovirus E3/19K protein on cellular processes in the endoplasmic reticulum
Creators: name: Lomas, Cyprien
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The human adenovirus has developed several methods to evade the immune system. One mechanism by which it accomplishes this involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retained adenovirus E3/19K protein. This protein interferes with antigen presentation by binding and retaining Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC C1 I) proteins in the ER. E3/19K binds all human and all but one mouse MHC C1 I molecules tested to date. Differences in mouse MHC C1 I sequences were exploited to determine the structures involved in binding. Human 293 cells transfected with the mouse H-2 alleles K[sup d], K[sup b], K[sup k], D[sup d], D[sup b], L[sup d] were infected with adenovirus 2. It was found that MHC C1 I alleles could be grouped into three categories. The H-2 allelic proteins K[sup d] and K[sup b] were found to be binders; K[sup k] and D[sup d] non binders and D[sup b] and L[sup d] slow binders. Examination of a cell line transfected with the slow-binding H-2D[sup b] protein revealed that D[sup b] is expressed at a reduced level at the cell surface. To determine the cause of this, cells were subjected to conditions previously used to restore defective cell surface expression of MHC C1 I including culture at reduced temperature, addition of excess β₂m and exposure to gamma interferon. All these methods were unsuccessful in increasing cell surface expression of Db. Rather than being due to a missing co-factor or unstable conformation, the accumulation of the allelic proteins in the ER in this transfectant was due to an undetermined mechanism. Because E3/19K binding quickly stabilised a mature MHC C1 I conformation in the presence of tunicamycin it was suggested that it bound MHC C1 I like a chaperone. It was found that E3/19K binding to MHC C1 I did not block the association of endogenous ER resident chaperones calnexin and TAP. Peptide binding to the MHC C1 I-E3/19K complex could also occur. These experiments showed that E3/19K did not associate with MHC C1 I through the peptide binding groove and did not disrupt the interaction between the MHC C1 I and the processing machinery found in the ER, namely calnexin and TAP, and therefore does not retain MHC molecules by making them conformationally immature. This study shows E3/19K works independently of chaperones. E3/19K may be a tool to trap MHC C1 I - chaperone complexes at a specific point in their maturation.
Unitarity and the information problem in an explicit model of black hole evaporation
Creators: name: Schindler, Joseph
name: Frangipane, Evan
name: Aguirre, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the black hole information problem in an explicitly defined spacetime modelling black hole evaporation. Using this context we review basic aspects of the problem, with a particular effort to be unambiguous about subtle topics, for instance precisely what is meant by entropy in various circumstances. We then focus on questions of unitarity, and argue that commonly invoked semiclassical statements of long term, evaporation time, and Page time "unitarity" may all be violated even if physics is fundamentally unitary. This suggests that there is no horizon firewall. We discuss how the picture is modified for regular (nonsingular) evaporation models. We also compare our conclusions to recent holographic studies, and argue that they are mutually compatible.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures. v2: additional references
title: Solar ultraviolet radiation predictions under cloud cover effects with artificial intelligence approaches
Creators: name: Prasad, Salvin Sanjesh
Publisher: name: University of Southern Queensland
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 370106
subject: Atmospheric radiation
classificationCode: 401104
subject: Health and ecological risk assessment
classificationCode: 460207
subject: Modelling and simulation
classificationCode: 370107
subject: Cloud physics

description: Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes deleterious health effects on the skin and eyes. Skin-based malignant keratinocyte cancers, cataracts, and pterygium can be triggered by prolonged UV radiation exposure. In plants, UV radiation can damage photosynthetic processes. To address these pressing issues, this doctoral thesis developed computationally efficient artificial intelligence (AI) predictive frameworks to deliver early warnings of sun exposure times through short-term forecasting of solar UV radiation in terms of ultraviolet index (UVI) and UV radiation in category A (UV-A), with model explanations. The first objective is to develop an AI model which integrates cloud chromatic properties from sky images to forecast short-term UVI at multiple time-step horizons. The UVI forecast is generated for the four seasons of autumn, summer, spring and winter for the Toowoomba, Queensland study site in Australia that receives a high UV exposure. For the second objective, we design an AI model incorporating cloud statistical properties extracted from sky images to forecast 20-minute ahead UV-A in Toowoomba. The proposed model is calibrated through uncertainty quantification to improve predictive performance, model reliability, and generate interpretable results. In the third objective, explainable AI (xAI) is applied to forecast hourly UVI using satellite-derived predictor variables and to provide model-agnostic explanations for four Australian hotspots affected by solar UV radiation. The model is explained locally with local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and globally with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) and permutation feature importance (PFI). The objective model trained with satellite-derived cloud cover conditions, aerosol effects, precipitation and ozone effects extends its applicability to other geographical locations, especially in remote regions. In order to help mitigate skin and eye health risks under stochastic cloud cover conditions, the outcomes of this PhD research are expected to serve as a promising decision-support tool for delivering more accurate sun-protection times to the public. The findings can also facilitate further studies into the harmful effects of UV radiation on terrestrial plants and animals. The xAI-generated model explanations provide information on the predictive contributions of each satellite-derived variable to improve model predictability, stability, and trustworthiness for end-users. This overcomes the complex problem of UV radiation intermittency. The overall research outcomes of this project can provide a real-time UV predictive framework for the health sector, industry, government, and major stakeholders.
All Order Running Coupling BFKL Evolution from GLAP (and vice-versa)
Creators: name: Ball, Richard D.
name: Forte, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic formalism for the derivation of the kernel of the BFKL equation from that of the GLAP equation and conversely to any given order, with full inclusion of the running of the coupling. The running coupling is treated as an operator, reducing the inclusion of running coupling effects and their factorization to a purely algebraic problem. We show how the GLAP anomalous dimensions which resum large logs of x can be derived from the running-coupling BFKL kernel order by order, thereby obtaining a constructive all-order proof of small x factorization. We check this result by explicitly calculating the running coupling contributions to GLAP anomalous dimensions up to next-to-next-to leading order. We finally derive an explicit expression for BFKL kernels which resum large logs of Q^2 up to next-to-leading order from the corresponding GLAP kernels, thus making possible a consistent collinear improvement of the BFKL equation up to the same order.
Banking Permits: Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Carraro, Carlo
name: Massetti, Emanuele
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Carraro, Carlo
name: Massetti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Emission Trading
subject: Banking

description: Most analyses of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms focus on the cost effectiveness of “where” flexibility (e.g. by showing that mitigation costs are lower in a global permit market than in regional markets or in permit markets confined to Annex 1 countries). Less attention has been devoted to “when” flexibility, i.e. to the benefits of allowing emission permit traders to bank their permits for future use. In the model presented in this paper, banking of carbon allowances in a global permit market is fully endogenised, i.e. agents may decide to bank permits by taking into account their present and future needs and the present and future decisions of all the other agents. It is therefore possible to identify under what conditions traders find it optimal to bank permits, when banking is socially optimal, and what are the implications for present and future permit prices. We can also explain why the equilibrium rate of growth of permit prices is likely to be larger than the equilibrium interest rate. Most importantly, this paper analyses the efficiency and distributional consequences of allowing markets to optimally allocate emission permits across regions and over time. The welfare and distributional effects of an optimal intertemporal emission trading scheme are assessed for different initial allocation rules. Finally, the impact of banking on carbon emissions, technological progress, and optimal investment decisions is quantified and the incentives that banking provides to accelerate technological innovation and diffusion are also discussed. Among the many results, we show that not only does banking reduce abatement costs, but it also increases the amount of GHG emissions abated in the short-term. It should therefore belong to all emission trading schemes under construction.
On the significance in signal search through the sliding window algorithm
Creators: name: Ranucci, Gioacchino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental issue of the search for new particles of unknown mass poses the challenge of exploring a wide interval to look for the usual signatures represented by excess of events above the background. A side effect of such a broad range quest is that the traditional significance calculations valid for signals of known location are no more applicable when such an information is missing. In this note the specific signal search approach via observation windows sliding over the range of interest is considered; in the assumptions of known background and of fixed width of the exploring windows the statistical implications of such a search scheme are described, with special emphasis on the correct significance assessment for a claimed discovery.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, misprints corrected, an extended version will be published on NIM A
Density operator and entropy of the damped quantum harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Isar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expression for the density operator of the damped harmonic oscillator is derived from the master equation in the framework of the Lindblad theory for open quantum systems. Then the von Neumann entropy and effective temperature of the system are obtained. The entropy for a state characterized by a Wigner distribution function which is Gaussian in form is found to depend only on the variance of the distribution function.
description: 10 pages
Vanishing of the first $(σ,τ)$-cohomology group of triangular Banach algebras
Creators: name: Khosravi, M.
name: Moslehian, M. S.
name: Motlagh, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46H25, 46L57, 16E40

description: In this paper, we define the first topological $(σ,τ)$-cohomology group and examine vanishing of the first $(σ,τ)$-cohomology groups of certain triangular Banach algebras. We apply our results to study the $(σ,τ)$-weak amenability and $(σ,τ)$-amenability of triangular Banach algebras.
description: 15 pages, Added materials
On the Economics of Rational Self-Medication
Creators: name: Akpalu, Wisdom
name: Akpalu, Wisdom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Health Production
subject: Self-Medication
subject: Risky Investment
subject: Government Policy
subject: Dynamic Analysis

description: It has been established in the medical literature that self-medicating with imperfect information about either the use of a genuine or counterfeit drug or based on wrong self-diagnosis of ailment, which is predominant especially in developing countries, is a risky investment in health capital. This paper models the decision to self-medicate and the demand for self-medicated drugs. We suppose that investment in self-medication depends on the perception of its effectiveness. The results obtained show that the decision to self-medicate depends on the relative price and perceived effectiveness of self-medication, the elasticity of the shadow value of health with respect to the quantity of health capital, and the relative effectiveness of self-medication in reducing the unpredictable changes in health capital. Furthermore, if an individual self-medicates, self-medication becomes a normal good: it increases if income increases; and it obeys the law of demand (i.e. it increases if its price, relative to that of the risk-free medication, decreases). Moreover, we have shown that some optimum subsidy can discourage self-medication.
Measurements of pp $\to$ ZZ production cross sections and constraints on anomalous triple gauge couplings at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of Z boson pairs in proton-proton (pp) collisions, pp $\to$ (Z/$γ^*$)(Z/$γ^*$) $\to$ 2$\ell$ 2$\ell'$, where $\ell,\ell'$ = e or $μ$, is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$, collected during 2016-2018. The ZZ production cross section, $σ_{\text{tot}}$ (pp $\to$ ZZ) = 17.2 $\pm$ 0.3 (stat) $\pm$ 0.5 (syst) $\pm$ 0.4 (theo) $\pm$ 0.3 (lumi) pb, measured for events with two pairs of opposite-sign, same-flavor leptons produced in the mass region 60 $\lt$ $m_{\ell^+\ell^-}$ $\lt $ 120 GeV is consistent with standard model predictions. Differential cross sections are also measured and agree with theoretical predictions. The invariant mass distribution of the four-lepton system is used to set limits on anomalous ZZZ and ZZ$γ$ couplings.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SMP-19-001 (CMS Public Pages)
A Comprehensive Survey on Local Differential Privacy Toward Data Statistics and Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Teng
name: Zhang, Xuefeng
name: Feng, Jingyu
name: Yang, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collecting and analyzing massive data generated from smart devices have become increasingly pervasive in crowdsensing, which are the building blocks for data-driven decision-making. However, extensive statistics and analysis of such data will seriously threaten the privacy of participating users. Local differential privacy (LDP) has been proposed as an excellent and prevalent privacy model with distributed architecture, which can provide strong privacy guarantees for each user while collecting and analyzing data. LDP ensures that each user's data is locally perturbed first in the client-side and then sent to the server-side, thereby protecting data from privacy leaks on both the client-side and server-side. This survey presents a comprehensive and systematic overview of LDP with respect to privacy models, research tasks, enabling mechanisms, and various applications. Specifically, we first provide a theoretical summarization of LDP, including the LDP model, the variants of LDP, and the basic framework of LDP algorithms. Then, we investigate and compare the diverse LDP mechanisms for various data statistics and analysis tasks from the perspectives of frequency estimation, mean estimation, and machine learning. What's more, we also summarize practical LDP-based application scenarios. Finally, we outline several future research directions under LDP.
description: 28pages
Incremental Text-to-Speech Synthesis Using Pseudo Lookahead with Large Pretrained Language Model
Creators: name: Saeki, Takaaki
name: Takamichi, Shinnosuke
name: Saruwatari, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This letter presents an incremental text-to-speech (TTS) method that performs synthesis in small linguistic units while maintaining the naturalness of output speech. Incremental TTS is generally subject to a trade-off between latency and synthetic speech quality. It is challenging to produce high-quality speech with a low-latency setup that does not make much use of an unobserved future sentence (hereafter, "lookahead"). To resolve this issue, we propose an incremental TTS method that uses a pseudo lookahead generated with a language model to take the future contextual information into account without increasing latency. Our method can be regarded as imitating a human's incremental reading and uses pretrained GPT2, which accounts for the large-scale linguistic knowledge, for the lookahead generation. Evaluation results show that our method 1) achieves higher speech quality than the method taking only observed information into account and 2) achieves a speech quality equivalent to waiting for the future context observation.
description: Accepted for IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Polarization--universal rejection filtering by ambichiral structures made of indefinite dielectric--magnetic materials
Creators: name: Lakhtakia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ambichiral structure comprising sheets of an anisotropic dielectric material rejects normally incident plane waves of one circular polarization (CP) state but not of the other CP state, in its fundamental Bragg regime. However, if the same structure is made of an dielectric--magnetic material with indefinite permittivity and permeability dyadics, it may function as a polarization--universal rejection filter because two of the four planewave components of the electromagnetic field phasors in each sheet are of the positive--phase--velocity type and two are of the negative--phase--velocity type.
description: Cleaned citations in the text
Commercialization of Food Consumption in Rural China
Creators: name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Tang, Ping
name: Bai, Xianhong
name: Xu, Huijun
name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Tang, Ping
name: Bai, Xianhong
name: Xu, Huijun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: China
subject: food
subject: consumption
subject: expenditures
subject: rural
subject: commercialization
subject: subsistence agriculture
subject: Engel analysis

description: Rural households in China have traditionally consumed food mostly grown on their own farms. While they continue to rely on self-produced grains, vegetables, meats, and eggs for a large portion of their diet, rural households are now purchasing more of their food as they enter the mainstream of the Chinese economy. Cash purchases of food by rural Chinese households increased 7.4 percent per year from 1994 to 2003. Consumption has shifted from self-produced to purchased food at a rate faster than can be explained by income growth or changes in other household characteristics. The move away from self-produced food is associated with lower consumption of staple grains, the most important self produced food in rural Chinese diets. Food consumed away from home is one of the fastest growing categories of rural household expenditures, doubling in budget share from 1995 to 2001. Commercialization of food consumption is diversifying Chinese diets, broadening food markets, and creating new opportunities for retailers and product distributors.
Dynamics of Screening in Modified Gravity
Creators: name: ter Haar, Lotte
name: Bezares, Miguel
name: Crisostomi, Marco
name: Barausse, Enrico
name: Palenzuela, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational theories differing from General Relativity may explain the accelerated expansion of the Universe without a cosmological constant. However, to pass local gravitational tests, a "screening mechanism" is needed to suppress, on small scales, the fifth force driving the cosmological acceleration. We consider the simplest of these theories, i.e. a scalar-tensor theory with first-order derivative self-interactions, and study isolated (static and spherically symmetric) non-relativistic and relativistic stars. We produce screened solutions and use them as initial data for non-linear numerical evolutions in spherical symmetry. We find that these solutions are stable under large initial perturbations, as long as they do not cause gravitational collapse. When gravitational collapse is triggered, the characteristic speeds of the scalar evolution equation diverge, even before apparent black-hole or sound horizons form. This casts doubts on whether the dynamical evolution of screened stars may be predicted in these effective field theories.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; PRL version
Characterization of Magnetic Components in the Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism
Creators: name: Kobayashi, M.
name: Ishida, Y.
name: Hwang, J. l.
name: Mizokawa, T.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Mamiya, K.
name: Okamoto, J.
name: Takeda, Y.
name: Okane, T.
name: Saitoh, Y.
name: Muramatsu, Y.
name: Tanaka, A.
name: Saeki, H.
name: Tabata, H.
name: Kawai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the results of x-ray absorption (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and photoemission experiments on {\it n}-type Zn$_{1-x}$Co$_x$O ($x=0.05$) thin film, which shows ferromagnetism at room temperature. The XMCD spectra show a multiplet structure, characteristic of the Co$^{2+}$ ion tetrahedrally coordinated by oxygen, suggesting that the ferromagnetism comes from Co ions substituting the Zn site in ZnO. The magnetic field and temperature dependences of the XMCD spectra imply that the non-ferromagnetic Co ions are strongly coupled antiferromagnetically with each other.
description: 5pages, 4figures
Additional file 2 of Deep active learning for classifying cancer pathology reports
Creators: name: Angeli, Kevin De
name: Gao, Shang
name: Alawad, Mohammed
name: Yoon, Hong-Jun
name: Schaefferkoetter, Noah
name: Wu, Xiao-Cheng
name: Durbin, Eric B.
name: Doherty, Jennifer
name: Stroup, Antoinette
name: Coyle, Linda
name: Penberthy, Lynne
name: Tourassi, Georgia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 2. Text preprocessing steps.
Free Energy and Plaquette expectation value for gluons on the lattice, in three dimensions
Creators: name: Panagopoulos, H.
name: Skouroupathis, A.
name: Tsapalis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the perturbative value of the Free Energy in Lattice QCD in three dimensions, up to three loops. Our calculation is performed using the Wilson formulation for gluons in SU(N) gauge theories. The Free Energy is directly related to the average plaquette. To carry out the calculation, we compute the coefficients involved in the perturbative expansion of the Free Energy up to three loops, using an automated set of procedures developed by us in Mathematica. The dependence on N is shown explicitly in our results. For purposes of comparison, we also present the individual contributions from every diagram. These have been obtained by means of two independent calculations, in order to cross check our results.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. Expanded introduction and discussion, more details in presentation, no changes in results. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Heteragrion archon : De Marmels 2008
Creators: name: Vilela, Diogo Silva
name: Lencioni, Frederico A. A.
name: Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A.
name: Ware, Jessica L.
name: Bispo, Pitágoras C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Odonata
Megapodagrionidae
Heteragrion
Heteragrion archon

description: Heteragrion archon De Marmels, 2008
(Figs. 11a–d)
 [Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 4’] Heteragrion archon: De Marmels 2008: 151–155 (description of ♁ holotype from Venezuela; comparisons with H. palmichale);— von Ellenrieder 2009a: 63 (listed among Neotropical species described between 2004–2009);— Garrison et al. 2010: 88, 90 (list of Heteragrion species; figs. 383–384);— Vivas-Santeliz & De Marmels 2017: 45, 50 (listed among endemic Venezuelan species being assessed by IUCN).
 Material examined. Known only from type material; examined through original description and holotype images.
 Known distribution. Venezuela (coastal cordillera).
 Diagnosis and remarks. See the morphological comments on this species in the section of H. palmichale. Heteragrion archon was assessed as CR by the IUCN Red List, as “recent visits to its type locality and similar habitats in the surrounding region have failed to find this species, which is threatened by tourism and fires” (Vivas-Santeliz et al. 2021a). We hope that additional surveys are conducted within the type locality and the adjacent areas to assess the present conservation status of the species.
description: Published as part of Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L. & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key, pp. 1-96 in Zootaxa 5356 (1) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5356.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10008529
Balancing the Multiple Objectives of Conservation Programs
Creators: name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Nickerson, Cynthia J.
name: Myers, Christina
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Hellerstein, Daniel
name: Nickerson, Cynthia J.
name: Myers, Christina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: Environmental Benefits Index
subject: environmental benefits
subject: conservation program participation

description: Many of the Nation’s conservation programs seek to achieve multiple environmental objectives. Implementing a multi-objective program efficiently requires program managers to balance different environmental and cost objectives. A number of conservation programs use an index approach to prioritize objectives and rank program applications. This approach keeps program objectives distinct and enables program managers to use weights to determine the relative importance of each objective. This report provides empirical evidence on the environmental and cost tradeoffs of different index weighting schemes in USDA’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The analyses take into account both land characteristics and how changes to an index affect producer decisions to voluntarily apply. While small changes in index weights do not markedly affect the outcomes of the CRP, larger changes can have a moderate effect. Opportunities for obtaining multiple environmental benefits simultaneously by increasing the index weight on one objective appear limited, and increasing an objective’s index weight by at least 20 percent can trigger losses of benefits related to other objectives. Weight changes in smaller incremental program enrollments also result in more tradeoffs than in very large program enrollments.
Modelling Neutron Star-Black Hole Binaries: Future Pulsar Surveys and Gravitational Wave Detectors
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Debatri
name: Stevenson, Simon
name: Hurley, Jarrod R.
name: Bailes, Matthew
name: Broekgaarden, Floor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binaries comprised of a neutron star (NS) and a black hole (BH) have so far eluded observations as pulsars and with gravitational waves (GWs). We model the formation and evolution of these NS+BH binaries - including pulsar evolution - using the binary population synthesis code COMPAS. We predict the presence of a total of 50-2000 binaries containing a pulsar and a BH (PSR+BHs) in the Galactic field. We find the population observable by the next generation of radio telescopes, represented by the SKA and MeerKAT, current (LIGO/Virgo) and future (LISA) GW detectors. We conclude that the SKA will observe 1-80 PSR+BHs, with 0-4 binaries containing millisecond pulsars. MeerKAT is expected to observe 0-40 PSR+BH systems. Future radio detections of NS+BHs will constrain uncertain binary evolution processes such as BH natal kicks. We show that systems in which the NS formed first (NSBH) can be distinguished from those where the BH formed first (BHNS) by their pulsar and binary properties. We find 40% of the LIGO/Virgo observed NS+BHs from a Milky-Way like field population will have a chirp mass $\geq 3.0$ M$_\odot$. We estimate the spin distributions of NS+BHs with two models for the spins of BHs. The remnants of BHNS mergers will have a spin of $\sim$0.4, whilst NSBH merger remnants can have a spin of $\sim$0.6 or $\sim$0.9 depending on the model for BH spins. We estimate that approximately 25-1400 PSR+BHs will be radio alive whilst emitting GWs in the LISA frequency band, raising the possibility of joint observation by the SKA and LISA.
description: 29 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS COMPAS data available https://zenodo.org/record/4659385#.YH0iypMzau4