cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detecting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich clusters with PLANCK: II. Foreground components and optimised filtering schemes
Creators: name: Schaefer, Bjoern Malte
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Hell, Reinhard
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PLANCK mission is the most sensitive all-sky CMB experiment currently planned. The High Frequency Instrument (HFI) will be especially suited for observing clusters of galaxies by their thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. In order to assess PLANCKs SZ-capabilities in the presence of spurious signals, a simulation is presented that combines maps of the thermal and kinetic SZ-effects with a realisation of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), in addition to Galactic foregrounds (synchrotron emission, free-free emission, thermal emission from dust, CO-line radiation) as well as the sub-millimetric emission from celestial bodies of our Solar system. Additionally, observational issues such as the finite angular resolution and spatially non-uniform instrumental noise of PLANCKs sky maps are taken into account, yielding a set of all-sky flux maps, the auto-correlation and cross-correlation properties of which are examined in detail. In the second part of the paper, filtering schemes based on scale-adaptive and matched filtering are extended to spherical data sets, that enable the amplification of the weak SZ-signal in the presence of all contaminations stated above. The theory of scale-adaptive and matched filtering in the framework of spherical maps is developed, the resulting filter kernel shapes are discussed and their functionality is verified.
description: 23 pages, 22 figures, 1 table, submitted to MNRAS, 05.Jul.2004
Additional file 4 of Serosurvey of Treponema pallidum infection among children with skin ulcers in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem, northern Tanzania
Creators: name: Lubinza, Clara K. C.
name: Lueert, Simone
name: Hallmaier-Wacker, Luisa K.
name: Ngadaya, Esther
name: Idrissa S. Chuma
name: Rudovick R. Kazwala
name: Sayoki G. M. Mfinanga
name: Failing, Klaus
name: Roos, Christian
name: Knauf, Sascha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 4. Representative skin ulcers greater than 3 cm. (A) lower limb, 14-year-old girl (B) lower limb, 13-year-old boy (C) lower limb, 14-year-old girl (D) neck, 14-year-old girl. The reported duration of the skin lesions was (A): 366 days, (B): 14 days, (C): 30 days and (D): unknown.
A general catalogue of 6.7 GHz methanol masers. I: data
Creators: name: Pestalozzi, M.
name: Minier, V.
name: Booth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methanol masers are often detected in regions of intense star formation. Several studies in the last decade indicate that they may even be the earliest signpost of a high-mass star-forming region. Their powerful emission make them very good candidates for observations using both single--dish telescopes and interferometers, the latter allows detailed structural and dynamical studies of these objects. We have prepared a catalogue of all known 6.7-GHz methanol masers, discovered both by surveys that targeted possible associated objects and unbiased surveys covering a large fraction of galactic longitudes across the Galactic plane (-0.5deg <= b <= 0.5deg for most of the regions). The catalogue contains 519 sources which are listed with their kinematic (galactocentric and heliocentric) distances as well as possibly associated IR objects. We find that 6.7-GHz methanol masers clearly trace the molecular ring of our Galaxy, where most of the OB associations are located. The present list of masers also reports detections of other masing transitions of methanol as further information for the study of the maser phenomenon. In a further publication we will address some statistical considerations.
description: Accepted for publication in A+A. 4 figures, Table 3 only available electronically at the CDS or from M. Pestalozzi
The effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries
Creators: name: Dagdemir, Ozcan
name: Acaroglu, Hakan
name: Dagdemir, Ozcan
name: Acaroglu, Hakan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Child labor
subject: globalization
subject: trade
subject: FDI
subject: developing countries.

description: This paper inquires the effects of globalization on child labor in developing countries via cross-country analysis by decomposing globalization to its components; foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade. The findings reveal that the relationship between the child labor supply and gross domestic product per capita (PCGDP) can be expressed as a U shape. The study indicates that the child labor increases in the developing countries whose PCGDP levels are above $7500 since the net effect of globalization is positive for the positive substitution effect is bigger than the negative income effect. Data have been collected from UNICEF and World Bank.
Characterization of Low-Cost, Robust, Graphene-Based Amperometric Dot Microsensors for the Determination of Dopamine
Creators: name: Staden, Jacobus Frederick Van
name: Raluca-Ioana Stefan-Van Staden
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Elderly individuals may develop neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Therefore, there is a need to develop reliable, low-cost and robust amperometric microsensors for the determination of dopamine. This paper reports the evaluation of four amperometric dot microsensors based on graphene for dopamine in urine samples. The proposed designs were evaluated for cost, availability, and simplicity of construction, so that they are affordable in remote rural locations and for widespread screening. Ag, Cu, and stainless steel (SS) wires were proposed as electrical contacts and counter electrodes for the amperometric dot microsensors. The detection limits were between 1.94 x 10−7 and 1.20 x 10−8 mol L−1 with sensitivities from 0.54 nA µmol L−1 to 1.40 nA µmol L−1. While the detection limits are comparable with the literature values, the sensitivities are higher for the proposed microsensors. Dopamine was recovered from urine in percentages exceeding 96% with relative standard deviations less than 3%.
Scale-Free Networks Emerging from Weighted Random Graphs
Creators: name: Kalisky, Tomer
name: Sreenivasan, Sameet
name: Braunstein, Lidia A.
name: Buldyrev, Sergey V.
name: Havlin, Shlomo
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Erdös-Rényi random graphs with random weights associated with each link. We generate a new ``Supernode network'' by merging all nodes connected by links having weights below the percolation threshold (percolation clusters) into a single node. We show that this network is scale-free, i.e., the degree distribution is $P(k)\sim k^{-λ}$ with $λ=2.5$. Our results imply that the minimum spanning tree (MST) in random graphs is composed of percolation clusters, which are interconnected by a set of links that create a scale-free tree with $λ=2.5$. We show that optimization causes the percolation threshold to emerge spontaneously, thus creating naturally a scale-free ``supernode network''. We discuss the possibility that this phenomenon is related to the evolution of several real world scale-free networks.
Site-bond percolation solution to preventing the propagation of \textit{Phytophthora} zoospores on plantations
Creators: name: Ramírez, J. E.
name: Pajares, C.
name: Martínez, M. I.
name: Fernández, R. Rodríguez
name: Molina-Gayosso, E.
name: Lozada-Lechuga, J.
name: Téllez, A. Fernández
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a strategy based on the site-bond percolation to minimize the propagation of \textit{Phytophthora} zoospores on plantations, consisting in introducing physical barriers between neighboring plants. Two clustering processes are distinguished: i) one of cells with the presence of the pathogen, detected on soil analysis; and ii) that of diseased plants, revealed from a visual inspection of the plantation. The former is well described by the standard site-bond percolation. In the latter, the percolation threshold is fitted by a Tsallis distribution when no barriers are introduced. We provide, for both cases, the formulae for the minimal barrier density to prevent the emergence of the spanning cluster. Though this work is focused on a specific pathogen, the model presented here can also be applied to prevent the spreading of other pathogens that disseminate, by other means, from one plant to the neighboring ones. Finally, the application of this strategy to three types of commercialy important Mexican chili plants is also shown.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Vortex motion rectification in Josephson junction arrays with a ratchet potential
Creators: name: Shalom, D. E.
name: Pastoriza, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of electrical transport measurements we have studied the rectified motion of vortices in ratchet potentials engineered on over-damped Josephson junction arrays. The rectified voltage as a function of the vortex density shows a maximum efficiency close a matching condition to the period of the ratchet potential indicating a collective vortex motion. Vortex current reversals where detected varying the driving force and vortex density revealing the influence of vortex-vortex interaction in the ratchet effect.
description: PDF only, 4 pages
A role of glycerophosphodiesterase EDI3 in glycogen metabolism
Creators: name: Leonhardt, Gregor M.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Glycogen
subject: Muscle
subject: CBM20
subject: EDI3
subject: GDE5
subject: GYS1
subject: STBD1
subject: 540
subject: 570
subject: Glykogen
subject: Enzym

description: The glycerophosphodiesterase EDI3 (endometrial differential 3) is a key enzyme in various metabolic signalling pathways because it cross-links the triglyceride and choline signalling pathway by hydrolysing glycerophosphocholine (GPC) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and choline. The enzyme has two functional domains - the GDE domain, where the active site of the protein is located, and the carbohydrate binding domain (CBM), whose function is completely unknown. EDI3 is part of the evolutionary conserved GDE protein family, whose members have different functions. In previous work, high EDI3 expression in primary toumors of ovarian and endometrial carcinomas was associated with increased metastasis, increased cell migration and poorer survival. In this work the role of the CBM20 domain was investigated on a large scale and a possible new role for EDI3 was found. The present work confirms previous research on other CBM20 proteins (Laforin and STBD1) that showed that the CBM domain is essential for protein stability. The deletion of the entire CBM20 domain (ΔCBM20) and mutations of a conserved amino acid within the CBM20 (W32A) significantly reduced protein stability. As a consequence of these mutations, the enzymatic activity of the protein was decreased (W32A) or completely eliminated (ΔCBM20) and the phenotypic migration effect was reduced. Furthermore, this work could show that EDI3 forms dimers or oligomers and the CBM20 domain is required for this process. A characteristic of CBM20 is the interaction with plant starch. For laforin and STBD1, an interaction with glycogen via the CBM20 domain was additionally demonstrated. In this work EDI3 could be associated for the first time with glycogen in vitro and with glycogen-associated proteins of the human skeletal and cardiac muscle. While no binding of EDI3 and glycogen could be detected in human liver, glucagon regulation was observed in primary mouse hepatocytes, potentially linking EDI3 to a role during gluconeogenesis. In skeletal muscle, EDI3 was associated with Type II skeletal muscle cells and the T-tubules, where it co-localizes with ryanodine receptor 1, suggesting a role of EDI3 in calcium signalling.
Forecasting Wheat Output and Profits from Cropping Systems Using Simulation Models in Uasin Gishu, Kenya
Creators: name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Odmori, Paul Okelo
name: Mapelu, M.Z.
name: Odhiambo, Mark O.
name: Nyangweso, P.M.
name: Odmori, Paul Okelo
name: Mapelu, M.Z.
name: Odhiambo, Mark O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Wheat
subject: cropping system
subject: simulation
subject: forecasting
subject: productivity
subject: profits

description: Simulation models have been used successfully to forecast productivity of cropping systems under various weather, management and policy scenarios. These models have helped farmers make efficient resource allocation decisions. However, in Kenya simulation models have not been used extensively and more specifically in modeling large scale cropping systems. The study aimed at forecasting productivity and profitability of wheat cropping systems in Uasin Gishu district, Kenya. Both primary and secondary data were used. Both time series and cross-sectional data for variables of interest were collected and complemented by a survey of 20 wheat farmers who were systematically selected to verify information obtained from secondary sources. Cropping Systems simulation model and Monte Carlo simulation were used to determine wheat output and profits under alternative price scenarios. Even though, simulated yields overestimated actual field wheat yield both at the district and across the four agro-ecological zones, the deviation from the actual field yield was marginal. It is recommended that Cropsyst and Monte Carlo models be included among a bundle of tools for decision making. Further research is also required to test the two models under different locations, diverse soil types, varied management styles and different scales of production.
Exponential penalty function control of loss networks
Creators: name: Iyengar, Garud
name: Sigman, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93E03, 93E35, 90C59 (Primary)

description: We introduce penalty-function-based admission control policies to approximately maximize the expected reward rate in a loss network. These control policies are easy to implement and perform well both in the transient period as well as in steady state. A major advantage of the penalty approach is that it avoids solving the associated dynamic program. However, a disadvantage of this approach is that it requires the capacity requested by individual requests to be sufficiently small compared to total available capacity. We first solve a related deterministic linear program (LP) and then translate an optimal solution of the LP into an admission control policy for the loss network via an exponential penalty function. We show that the penalty policy is a target-tracking policy--it performs well because the optimal solution of the LP is a good target. We demonstrate that the penalty approach can be extended to track arbitrarily defined target sets. Results from preliminary simulation studies are included.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000936 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Bridging the gap between particle-scale forces and continuum modelling of size segregation: application to bedload transport
Creators: name: Rousseau, Hugo
name: Chassagne, Rémi
name: Chauchat, Julien
name: Maurin, Raphael
name: Frey, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravity-driven size segregation is important in mountain streams where a wide range of grain sizes are transported as bedload. More particularly, vertical size segregation is a multi-scale process that originates in interactions at the scale of particles with important morphological consequences on the reach scale. To address this issue, a volume-averaged multi-phase flow model for immersed bidisperse granular flows was developed based on an interparticle segregation force (Guillard et al. 2016) and a granular Stokesian drag force (Tripathi and Khakhar 2013). An advection-diffusion model was derived from this model yielding parametrisations for the advection and diffusion coefficients based on the interparticle interactions. This approach makes it possible to bridge the gap between grain-scale physics and continuum modelling. Both models were successfully tested against existing Discrete Element Model (DEM) simulations of size segregation in bedload transport (Chassagne et al. 2020). Through a detailed investigation of the granular forces, it is demonstrated that the observed scaling of the advection and diffusion coefficients with the inertial number can be explained by the granular drag force dependency on the viscosity. The drag coefficient was shown to be linearly dependent on the small particle concentration. The scaling relationship of the segregation force with the friction coefficient is confirmed and additional non-trivial dependencies including the inertial number and small particle concentration are identified. Lastly, adding a size ratio dependency in the segregation force perfectly reproduces the DEM results for a large range of small particle concentrations and size-ratios.
INTEGRAL and XMM-Newton Observations of GRB040106
Creators: name: Moran, L.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Gotz, D.
name: Hanlon, L.
name: von Kienlin, A.
name: McBreen, B.
name: Tiengo, A.
name: Preece, R.
name: Williams, O. R.
name: Bennett, K.
name: Kippen, R. M.
name: McBreen, S.
name: McGlynn, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On January 6th 2004, the IBAS burst alert system triggered the 8th gamma-ray burst (GRB) to be located by the INTEGRAL satellite. The position was determined and publicly distributed within 12s, prompting ESA's XMM-Newton to execute a ToO observation just 5 hours later, during which an X-ray afterglow was detected. The GRB had a duration ~52s with two distinct pulses separated by \~42s. Here we present the results of imaging and spectral analyses of the prompt emission from INTEGRAL data and the X-ray afterglow from XMM-Newton data. The gamma-ray spectrum is consistent with a single power-law of photon index -1.72 +/- 0.15. The fluence (20-200 keV) was 8.2 x 10^-7 erg cm^-2. The X-ray afterglow (F_nu (t) propto nu^-beta_X t^-delta) was extremely hard with beta_X = 0.47 +/- 0.01 and delta = 1.46 +/- 0.04. The 2-10 keV flux 11 hours after the burst was 1.1 x 10^-12 erg cm^-2 s^-1. The time profile of the GRB is consistent with the observed trends from previous analysis of BATSE GRBs. We find that the X-ray data are not well-fit by either a simple spherical fireball or by a speading jet, expanding into a homogeneous medium or a wind environment. Based on previously determined correlations between GRB spectra and redshift, we estimate a redshift of ~0.9^+0.5_-0.4 (1 sigma) and a lower limit on the isotropic radiated energy of ~5 x 10^51 erg in this burst.
description: accepted for publication in A&A
Contextual equivalence for higher-order pi-calculus revisited
Creators: name: Jeffrey, Alan
name: Rathke, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The higher-order pi-calculus is an extension of the pi-calculus to allow communication of abstractions of processes rather than names alone. It has been studied intensively by Sangiorgi in his thesis where a characterisation of a contextual equivalence for higher-order pi-calculus is provided using labelled transition systems and normal bisimulations. Unfortunately the proof technique used there requires a restriction of the language to only allow finite types. We revisit this calculus and offer an alternative presentation of the labelled transition system and a novel proof technique which allows us to provide a fully abstract characterisation of contextual equivalence using labelled transitions and bisimulations for higher-order pi-calculus with recursive types also.
Additional file 1 of Precursor peptide-targeted mining of more than one hundred thousand genomes expands the lanthipeptide natural product family
Creators: name: Walker, Mark C.
name: Eslami, Sara M.
name: Hetrick, Kenton J.
name: Ackenhusen, Sarah E.
name: Mitchell, Douglas A.
name: Donk, Wilfred A. Van Der
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Features calculated to score precursor peptides; Table S1. Features and scoring for class I precursors; Table S2. Features and scoring for class II precursors; Table S3. Features and scoring for class III precursors; Table S4. Features and scoring for class IV precursors; Figure S2. Sequence motifs present in more than 100 lanthipeptide precursor peptides; Figure S3. Sequence similarity network of predicted precursor peptides with permissive similarity cutoff; Table S5. Location of top BLAST hits of known lanthipeptides from the MIBiG and BAGEL databases in the sequence similarity networks presented in Fig. 2; Figure S4. Sequence logos generated from alignments of class I precursor peptides in clusters with 20 or more members; Figure S5. Sequence logos generated from alignments of class II precursor peptides in clusters with 20 or more members; Figure S6. Sequence logos generated from alignments of class III precursor peptides in clusters with 20 or more members; Figure S7. Sequence logos generated from alignments of class IV precursor peptides in clusters with 20 or more members; Table S6. Twenty most abundant proteins in class I BGCs that belong to at least one Pfam; Table S7. Twenty most abundant proteins in class II BGCs that belong to at least one Pfam; Table S8. Twenty most abundant proteins in class III BGCs that belong to at least one Pfam; Table S9. Twenty most abundant proteins in class IV BGCs that belong to at least one Pfam; Table S10. Distribution of Pfams that are in the 20 most abundant protein families in one class among the other three classes; Figure S8. Example biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the enzymes in Table S10; Table S11. Distribution of select Pfam protein families from BGCs; Figure S9. Example biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the enzymes in Table S11; Figure S10. Phylogenetic distribution of genomes in the dataset; Figure S11. A approximately maximum likelihood midpoint rooted phylogenetic tree of LanC and LanC-like domains including human LanC-like proteins; Figure S12. GC content of clusters versus genomes; Figure S13. ESI MS/MS and bioactivity of birimositide α and β; Table S12. Expected and observed monoisotopic masses for Brtα and Brtβ using ESI MS.
Causal network learning with non-invertible functional relationships
Creators: name: Wang, Bingling
name: Zhou, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discovery of causal relationships from observational data is an important problem in many areas. Several recent results have established the identifiability of causal DAGs with non-Gaussian and/or nonlinear structural equation models (SEMs). In this paper, we focus on nonlinear SEMs defined by non-invertible functions, which exist in many data domains, and propose a novel test for non-invertible bivariate causal models. We further develop a method to incorporate this test in structure learning of DAGs that contain both linear and nonlinear causal relations. By extensive numerical comparisons, we show that our algorithms outperform existing DAG learning methods in identifying causal graphical structures. We illustrate the practical application of our method in learning causal networks for combinatorial binding of transcription factors from ChIP-Seq data.
The association of agricultural information services and technical efficiency among maize producers in Kakamega, western Kenya
Creators: name: Nambiro, Elizabeth
name: Chianu, Jonas
name: Murage, Alice W.
name: Nambiro, Elizabeth
name: Chianu, Jonas
name: Murage, Alice W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Maize
subject: Soil information
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Tobit analysis
subject: DEA

description: Maize is the staple food for most Kenyan households, and grown in almost all the farming systems. Due to diminishing farm sizes in Kakamega District, crop productivity and the efficiency of farming systems are of great concern. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the links between efficiency in maize production and access to soil-related agricultural information services. Using cluster sampling, a total of 154 farmers in Kakamega District were interviewed. A 2–step estimation technique (Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Tobit model) were used to evaluate the technical efficiencies among the farmers and the factors explaining the estimated efficiency scores. Data was disaggregated into farmers with and those without access to soil-related agricultural information services. The results shows that farmers with access to soil-related agricultural information services were more technically efficient (average technical efficiency of 90%) in maize production compared to those without access to information (technical efficiency at 70%). Given the significant role that access to soil-related agricultural information services play on technical efficiency in maize production in the study area, the paper recommends improvements in farmers access to this important resources through: (i) the strengthening of the formal and informal agricultural extension services, (ii) a stronger linkage among agricultural research, agricultural extension, and farm level activities; and (iii) policy support for increased distribution of soil management inputs.
A low-noise single-photon detector for long-distance free-space quantum communication
Creators: name: Anisimova, Elena
name: Nikulov, Dmitri
name: Hu, Simeng Simone
name: Bourgon, Mark
name: Neumann, Sebastian Philipp
name: Ursin, Rupert
name: Jennewein, Thomas
name: Makarov, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build and test a single-photon detector based on a Si avalanche photodiode Excelitas 30902SH thermoelectrically cooled to -100 deg. C. Our detector has dark count rate below 1 Hz, 500 um diameter photosensitive area, photon detection efficiency around 50%, afterpulsing less than 0.35%, and timing jitter under 1 ns. These characteristics make it suitable for long-distance free-space quantum communication links, which we briefly discuss. We also report an improved method that we call long-time afterpulsing analysis, used to determine and visualise long trap lifetimes at different temperatures.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
A Statistical Analysis of Supersymmetric Dark Matter in the MSSM after WMAP
Creators: name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Yaguna, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study supersymmetric dark matter in the general flavor diagonal MSSM by means of an extensive random scan of its parameter space. We find that, in contrast with the standard mSUGRA lore, the large majority of viable models features either a higgsino or a wino-like lightest neutralino, and yields a relic abundance well below the WMAP bound. Among the models with neutralino relic density within the WMAP range, higgsino-like neutralinos are still dominant, though a sizeable fraction of binos is also present. In this latter case, relic density suppression mechanisms are shown to be essential in order to obtain the correct neutralino abundance. We then carry out a statistical analysis and a general discussion of neutralino dark matter direct detection and of indirect neutralino detection at neutrino telescopes and at antimatter search experiments. We point out that current data exclude only a marginal portion of the viable parameter space, and that models whose thermal relic abundance lies in the WMAP range will be significantly probed only at future direct detection experiments. Finally, we emphasize the importance of relic density enhancement mechanisms for indirect detection perspectives, in particular at future antimatter search experiments.
description: 39 pages, 25 figures
On the optimal constants in the two-sided Stechkin inequalities
Creators: name: Jahn, Thomas
name: Ullrich, Tino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A25, 46E30

description: We address the optimal constants in the strong and the weak Stechkin inequalities, both in their discrete and continuous variants. These inequalities appear in the characterization of approximation spaces which arise from sparse approximation or have applications to interpolation theory. An elementary proof of a constant in the strong discrete Stechkin inequality given by Bennett is provided, and we improve the constants given by Levin and Stechkin and by Copson. Finally, the minimal constants in the weak discrete Stechkin inequalities and both continuous Stechkin inequalities are presented.
description: v2: adds the continuous inequalities and acknowledgments, v3: corrects typos in authors' addresses and enhances acknowledgments, v4: introduces major rework in Section 2, minor rework in all other parts, v4: corrects typos
The feasibility of real-time biologically adaptive trans-rectal ultrasound-based high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy
Creators: name: Koprivec, Dylan
Publisher: name: University of Wollongong
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 510502
subject: Medical physics

description: High dose rate prostate brachytherapy (HDRPBT) is a treatment that is performed by inserting hollow catheters through the perineum and into the prostate, followed by insertion of a radioactive source into the catheters to generate a 3-dimensional radiation dose distribution in the prostate. HDRPBT treatments can be planned using either computed tomography (CT) based planning or real-time transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) based planning. Clinically, HDRPBT has shown improved clinical outcomes when used as a dose boost in conjunction with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) compared to HDRPBT alone. Regardless of the HDRPBT regimen, the geometric accuracy of treatment delivery is one of the most important parameters for tumour control and acute/late effects. Importantly, the geometric position of the delivered radioactive source needs to align closely with the geometric position in the treatment planning system (TPS), inaccuracy in delivered source position compared to planned source position can lead inadequate biochemical progression free survival and increased dose to organs at risk (OAR) potentially causing acute and/or late effects.Currently, for HDRPBT there is a deficiency of clinically available treatment verification. EBRT has several different treatment verification mechanics such as image guidance and gated breathing techniques that HDR brachytherapy does not have. Therefore, there are two current shortcomings for HDRPBT that many research groups are attempting to solve; the lack of in-vivo source tracking (IVST) and image guidance clinically (analogous to image guided radiation therapy), and lack of solutions for treatment adaptation based on IVST (when to modify and interrupt treatment if detected errors are too large from the expected TPS source positions).The aim of this thesis is to investigate potential approaches to utilising IVST information for a clinical benefit. This will be achieved by optimising, modifying and analysing patient DICOM data using both the TPS and independent software. Additionally, the aim is to further develop the Magic Plate 987 produced by the Centre for Medical Radiation physics to prepare it for robust and accurate IVST.
Collusion and seasonality of market price - A case of fixed market shares
Creators: name: Bejger, Sylwester
name: Bejger, Sylwester
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Collusion
subject: repeated games
subject: fixed market shares
subject: seasonality of market price

description: The paper develops a simple supergame model of collusion that focuses on the role of fixed (exogenous to game played) system of quantity market shares. Conclusions implied by the model could be used to motivate data - saving markers of collusion based on market price behavior. Following conclusions of the theoretical model we propose marker of collusion based on detecting changes in seasonal parameters of prices in periods of possible collusion. An empirical application of method has been done on well known data of Lysine cartel case.
A mathematical model for thermal single-phase flow and reactive transport in fractured porous media
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Alessio
name: Scotti, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we present a mathematical model and a numerical workflow for the simulation of a thermal single-phase flow with reactive transport in porous media, in the presence of fractures. The latter are thin regions which might behave as high or low permeability channels depending on their physical parameters, and are thus of paramount importance in underground flow problems. Chemical reactions may alter the local properties of the porous media as well as the fracture walls, changing the flow path and possibly occluding some portions of the fractures or zones in the porous media. To solve numerically the coupled problem we propose a temporal splitting scheme so that the equations describing each physical process are solved sequentially. Numerical tests shows the accuracy of the proposed model and the ability to capture complex phenomena, where one or multiple fractures are present.
The impact of trade liberalisation on South African agricultural productivity
Creators: name: Teweldemedhin, M.Y.
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
name: Teweldemedhin, M.Y.
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: TFP
subject: OLS
subject: Trade liberalization or degree of openness
subject: capital formation

description: This study attempts to examine the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in the agricultural sector using both cross -sectiona, (across nine agricultural commodities), and time -series analysis. The Error Correction Model of ordinary least square (OLS) results from the cross -sectional analysis confirm that export shares and capital formation were found to be positive and significant; whereas, import shares and real exchange rate were found to be related negatively. However, the net effect of export and import shares had a positive effect. This implies that trade liberalisation causes productivity gains. Moreover, the time -series analysis goes in the same direction as the cross -sectional results, showing that there is a robust relationship among TFP, degree of openness, and capital formation. Whereas, debt was found to be inversely related, this implies that agricultural industries / farmers lack debt management skills.
Soft gamma repeaters outside the Local group
Creators: name: Popov, S. B.
name: Stern, B. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the best sites to search for SGRs outside the Local group are galaxies with active massive star formation. Different possibilities to observe SGR activity from these sites are discussed. In particular we searched for giant flares from nearby galaxies ($\sim 2$ -- 4 Mpc) M82, M83, NGC 253, and NGC 4945 in the BATSE data. No candidates alike giant SGR flares were found. The absence of such detections implies that the rate of giant flares with energy release in the initial spike above $0.5 \cdot 10^{44}$ erg is less then 1/25 yr$^{-1}$ in our Galaxy. However, hyperflares similar to the one of 27 December 2004 can be observed from larger distances. Nevertheless, we do not see any significant excess of short GRBs from the Virgo galaxy cluster and from galaxies Arp 299 and NGC 3256 with extremely high star formation rate. This implies that the galactic rate of hyperflares with energy release $\sim 10^{46}$ erg is less than $\sim 10^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$. With this constraint the fraction of possible extragalactic SGR hyperflares among BATSE short GRBs should not exceed few percents. We present a list of short GRBs coincident with galaxies mentioned above, and discuss the possibility that some of them are SGR giant flares. We propose that the best target for observations of extragalactic SGR flares by {\it Swift} is the Virgo cluster.
description: 14 pages with 3 figures; accepted to MNRAS (final version)
Competing interactions near the liquid-liquid phase transition of core-softened water/methanol mixtures
Creators: name: Marques, Murilo S.
name: Hernandes, Vinicius Fonseca
name: Lomba, Enrique
name: Bordin, J. Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water is an unique material with a long list of thermodynamic, dynamic and structural anomalies, which are usually attributed to the competition between two characteristic length scales in the intermolecular interaction. It has been argued that a potential liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) ending at a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) lies at the core of the anomalous behavior of water. This transition which has been evidenced in multiple simulation studies seems to be preempted experimentally by spontaneous crystallization. Here, in order to expose the connection between the spontaneous crystallization observed in the supercooled regime in the vicinity of the LLPT, and the density anomaly, we perform extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations of a model mixture of core-softened water and methanol. The pure water-like fluid exhibits a LLPT and a density anomaly. In contrast, our pure methanol-like model does have a LLPT but lacks the density anomaly. Our results illustrate the relation between the vanishing of the density anomaly and an increase in the temperature of the spontaneous crystallization: once this temperature surpasses the LLCP critical temperature, no density anomaly is observed. This peculiar feature illustrates how fine tuning the competitive interactions determine the anomalous behavior of water/alcohol mixtures.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of disability in patients exposed to fluoroquinolones
Creators: name: Wilcox, Marsha A.
name: Villasis-Keever, Angelina
name: Sena, Anthony G.
name: Knoll, Christopher
name: Fife, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fluoroquinolone and Disability – Negative Control Outcomes and Propensity Score Model. The file contains a list of the negative control outcomes used and the resultant p-value calibration. The file also contains a description of covariates evaluated for inclusion in the propensity score model and a reference to the accompanying excel file containing model parameters.
The relationships between stock market capitalization rate and interest rate: Evidence from Jordan
Creators: name: Khrawish, Husni Ali
name: Siam, Walid Zakaria
name: Jaradat, Mohammad
name: Khrawish, Husni Ali
name: Siam, Walid Zakaria
name: Jaradat, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Stock market capitalization rate
subject: prevailing interest rate
subject: government development stock rate.

description: The paper examines the effect of interest rates on the stock market capitalization rate in Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over the period of (1999-2008). It is used the OLS regression method, multiple linear regression model and simple regression model. The time series analysis revealed that there are significant and positive relationship between government Prevailing interest rate (R) and stock market capitalization rate (S). The study shows that Government development stock rate (D) exerts negative influence on stock market capitalization rate (S), also it finds a significant and negative relationship between government Prevailing interest rate (R) and Government development stock rate (D). Finally, this study suggested the importance of government intervention to encourage investment in ASE by reducing rate of personal taxation thus, granting incentive for creation of wealth, control interest rate so as to aid the growth of the stock market and improving the regulatory environment and decreasing red tape.
Additional file 2 of Serosurvey of Treponema pallidum infection among children with skin ulcers in the Tarangire-Manyara ecosystem, northern Tanzania
Creators: name: Lubinza, Clara K. C.
name: Lueert, Simone
name: Hallmaier-Wacker, Luisa K.
name: Ngadaya, Esther
name: Idrissa S. Chuma
name: Rudovick R. Kazwala
name: Sayoki G. M. Mfinanga
name: Failing, Klaus
name: Roos, Christian
name: Knauf, Sascha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 2. Sampling areas and the number of children enrolled from each sampling location.
MAKING DECISIONS IN TURBULENT TIMES: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK AND DECISION TOOLS
Creators: name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Akridge, Jay T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Scorecarding and heat mapping
subject: decision trees
subject: scenario analysis
subject: payoff matrices
subject: real options

description: The business climate for the agricultural sector is characterized by increased uncertainty and “unanticipated surprises,” such as new government regulations, new technology and product introductions, mergers and acquisitions, nonperformance by supply chain partners, and changes in interest and exchange rates. This manuscript uses a real case problem to describe a set of tools(such as scenario analysis, risk scorecarding and heat mapping, payoff matrices, decision trees, and options portfolio mapping) available to use for making strategic decisions in such a business climate.
title: Учебно-методическое пособие по дисциплине Интеллектуальные информационные системы и технологии
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Московский технический университет связи и информатики
Year: 2014

description: Цель курса «Интеллектуальные информационные системы и технологии (ИИСТ)» - изучение основ теории искусственного интеллекта и принципов построения и функционирования интеллектуальных информационных систем. Освоение курса ИИСТ предполагает самостоятельную работу студентов на основе рекомендованной литературы.
Gemini Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy Mrk 3: Feeding and Feedback on Galactic and Nuclear Scales
Creators: name: Gnilka, C. L.
name: Crenshaw, D. M.
name: Fischer, T. C.
name: Revalski, M.
name: Meena, B.
name: Martinez, F.
name: Polack, G. E.
name: Machuca, C.
name: Dashtamirova, D.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Schmitt, H. R.
name: Riffel, R. A.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the kinematics of the stars, ionized gas, and warm molecular gas in the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk~3 (UGC~3426) on nuclear and galactic scales with {\it Gemini} Near-Infrared Field Spectrograph (NIFS) observations, previous {\it Hubble Space Telescope} data, and new long-slit spectra from the {\it Apache Point Observatory} ({\it APO}) 3.5 m telescope. The {\it APO} spectra are consistent with our previous suggestion that a galactic-scale gas/dust disk at PA $=$ 129\arcdeg, offset from the major axis of the host S0 galaxy at PA $=$ 28\arcdeg, is responsible for the orientation of the extended narrow-line region (ENLR). The disk is fed by an H~I tidal stream from a gas-rich spiral galaxy (UGC~3422) $\sim$100 kpc to the NW of Mrk 3, and is ionized by the AGN to a distance of at least $\sim$20\arcsec\ ($\sim$5.4 kpc) from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH). The kinematics within at least 320 pc of the SMBH are dominated by outflows with radial (line of sight) velocities up to 1500 km s$^{-1}$ in the ionized gas and 500 km s$^{-1}$ in the warm molecular gas, consistent with in situ heating, ionization, and acceleration of ambient gas to produce the narrow-line region (NLR) outflows. There is a disk of ionized and warm molecular gas within $\sim$400 pc of the SMBH that has re-oriented close to the stellar major axis but is counter-rotating, consistent with claims of external fueling of AGN in S0 galaxies.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJ on March 13, 2020. The paper has 30 pages and 17 figures