Procas Stephens 1831
Creators: name: Thompson, Richard T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Erirhinidae
Procas

description: Key to species of Procas Stephens, 1831   
 1 Antennal funicle segment 3 less than half as long as segment 1; elytra usually with 1–3 white spots at top of declivity; setae on female sternite 8 small (c. 0.03 mm long). Non­European............................................................................................................... 2   
 ­ Antennal funicle segment 3 at least half as long as segment 1; elytral declivity never with white spots; setae on female sternite 8 large (<0.1 mm long). Europe, North Africa, Middle East....................................................................................................... 3   
 2 Antennal funicle segment 7 transverse; male sternite 8 with processes parallel or weakly diverging, merging with broad median column and often fused together in basal half or more of their lengths (Figs 96–99); female sternite 8 with pigmented area expanded apically (posteriorly)(Figs 41–43); spematheca with gland­lobe variable in shape, gland variable in size (Figs 68–73). North America............................... lecontei   
 ­ Antennal funicle segment 7 quadrate; male sternite 8 with processes elongate, strongly diverging, distinct from slender tapering median column (Figs 92–95); female sternite 8 with pigmented area expanded basally (anteriorly)(Figs 39, 40); spermatheca with gland­lobe usually tapering and weakly expanded at apex, gland small (c. 0.2 mm long)(Figs 65–67). Russian Far East, Japan, NE China, Korea..................... biguttatus   
 3 Pronotum, on either side of midline, with a variable and ill defined area of low, setiferous granules, often obscured by their setae (Figs 13, 14); head usually with small frontal pit; antennal funicle segment 2 usually only slightly longer than 3; male sternite 8 with processes more or less curved (Figs 83–85); female sternite 8 with pigmented areas distinctly separate (Figs 21–23); spermatheca with gland­lobe more or less cylindrical and slightly expanded at apex (Figs 44–47). (Scutellum often covered with white setae (appearing white); clothing setae rather coarse (sometimes markedly so).) United Kingdom, NW Spain........................................................................ granulicollis   
­ Pronotum more or less uniformly punctate on disc (sometimes with setiferous granules near sides)(Figs 11, 12); head usually without a frontal pit; antennal funicle segment 2 usually distinctly longer than 3; male sternite 8 with processes more or less straight (Figs 74–82); female sternite 8 with pigmented areas fused or narrowly separated (Figs 24–38); spermatheca with gland­lobe variable but not expanded at apex........... 4  
 4 Rostrum finely and evenly punctate, seldom with any trace of a median carina but usually with a very fine linear carinula near apex (Fig. 9); sides of rostrum widening smoothly at antennal insertions (in dorsal view); elytral setae mostly very small and recumbent, with a few (sometimes very few) much larger scattered semi­erect white setae, especially on declivity; punctures on sides of prothorax (above fore coxae) and on metepisterna containing simple linear setae; male sternite 8 with short processes (<0.1 mm long)(Figs 88–91); female sternite 8 broad, somewhat straight­sided and angular anteriorly, spiculum broad (Figs 35–38). (Tibiae 2 and 3 with prominent circlet of white setae at base; spermatheca with gland­lobe small, strongly reflexed (Figs 59–64).) North Africa, Atlantic and Mediterranean islands, Greece (?)............................................................................................................................................... armillatus   
­ Rostrum with coarser, ovate punctures, their interspaces tending to form longitudinal rugulae, with a partial median carina but no pre­apical carinula (Fig. 10), sides widening somewhat abruptly at antennal insertions; elytral setae larger and more nearly uniform in size; setae in punctures on sides of prothorax and on metepisterna, in part, bifid or multifid; male sternite 8 with long processes (0.1–0.2 mm)(Figs 74–82, 86, 87); female sternite 8 ovate, spiculum slender (Figs 24–34)........................................ 5  
 5 Male sternite 8 with processes strongly divergent (sometimes almost in a line), their pigmented elements close together at narrow apex of median column, which they enter (Figs 86, 87); spermatheca with gland­lobe very strongly reflexed (Fig. 48). (Tibiae 2 and 3 with indistinct circlet of white setae at base.). Spain............................. michaelis   
 ­ Male sternite 8 with processes usually less strongly divergent, their pigmented elements clearly separate at broad apex of median column, which they seldom enter (Figs 74–82); spermatheca with gland­lobe only weakly reflexed (Figs 51–58).... [picipes] 6   
 6 Tibiae 2 and 3 with distinct circlet of white setae at base, separated from pale clothing setae of tibia by a dark gap. W Europe............................................................. p. picipes   
­ Tibiae 2 and 3 without, or with indistinct circlet of white setae at base....................... 7  
 7 Tibiae 2 and 3 with indistinct circlet of white setae at base, separated from pale clothing setae of tibia by a dark gap. Ukraine, Caucasus, E Turkey....................... p. steveni   
 ­ Tibiae 2 and 3 without any circlet of white setae at base, tibia more or less uniformly covered with pale brownish­white setae (sometimes with dark area on dorsal edge of tibia, near base). Middle East, Kurdistan....................................................p. levantinus
description: Published as part of Thompson, Richard T., 2006, A revision of the weevil genus Procas Stephens (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Erirhinidae), pp. 1-63 in Zootaxa 1234 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1234.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5065222