cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Flavour physics and Lattice QCD: averages of lattice inputs for the Unitarity Triangle Analysis
Creators: name: Lubicz, Vittorio
name: Tarantino, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent results of Lattice QCD calculations relevant for flavour physics. We discuss in particular the hadronic parameters entering the amplitudes of K0-K0bar, D0-D0bar and B0-B0bar mixing, the B- and D-meson decay constants and the form factors controlling B-meson semileptonic decays. On the basis of these lattice results, which are extensively collected in the paper, we also derive our averages of the relevant hadronic parameters.
description: Plenary talk at IFAE 2008, Bologna, Italy, 26-28 March 2008
The X-ray Properties of the Most-Luminous Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Just, D. W.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Shemmer, O.
name: Steffen, A. T.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Chartas, G.
name: Garmire, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Utilizing 21 new Chandra observations as well as archival Chandra, ROSAT, and XMM-Newton data, we study the X-ray properties of a representative sample of 59 of the most optically luminous quasars in the Universe (M_i~~-29.3 to -30.2) spanning a redshift range of z~~1.5-4.5. Our full sample consists of 32 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 3 (DR3) quasar catalog, two additional objects in the DR3 area that were missed by the SDSS selection criteria, and 25 comparably luminous quasars at z>~4. This is the largest X-ray study of such luminous quasars to date. By jointly fitting the X-ray spectra of our sample quasars, excluding radio-loud and broad absorption line (BAL) objects, we find a mean X-ray power-law photon index of Gamma=1.92^{+0.09}_{-0.08} and constrain any neutral intrinsic absorbing material to have a mean column density of N_H
description: 18 pages (emulateapj), 11 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Facts about U.S. Landownership
Creators: name: Wunderlich, Gene
name: Wunderlich, Gene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Landownership
subject: tenure
subject: ownership
subject: land

description: Knowing who owns U.S. land is important because landownership affects how wealth is distributed nationally and how land is used. Yet the currently fragmented and incomplete status of ownership data means only gross generalities are possible. Private individuals and corporations own about 60 percent of U.S. land while Federal, State, and local governments own the rest. Getting detail is difficult because no central source of information exists and records often do not show separated interests. The U.S. Department of Agriculture is conducting a national survey of landownership that will resolve several of these data problems.
Universal spin wave damping in magnetic Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Nikolić, Predrag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the decay of spin waves into Stoner excitations in magnetic Weyl semimetals. The lifetime of a mode is found to have a universal dependence on its frequency and momentum, and on a few parameters that characterize the relativistic Weyl spectrum. At the same time, Gilbert damping by Weyl electrons is absent. The decay rate of spin waves is calculated perturbatively using the s-d model of itinerant Weyl or Dirac electrons coupled to local moments. We show that many details of the Weyl spectrum, such as the momentum-space locations, dispersions and sizes of the Weyl Fermi pockets, can be deduced indirectly by probing the spin waves of local moments using inelastic neutron scattering.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The general relativistic infinite plane
Creators: name: Jones, Preston
name: Munoz, Gerardo
name: Ragsdale, Michael
name: Singleton, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uniform fields are one of the simplest and most pedagogically useful examples in introductory courses on electrostatics or Newtonian gravity. In general relativity there have been several proposals as to what constitutes a uniform field. In this article we examine two metrics that can be considered the general relativistic version of the infinite plane with finite mass per unit area. The first metric is the 4D version of the 5D "brane" world models which are the starting point for many current research papers. The second case is the cosmological domain wall metric. We examine to what extent these different metrics match or deviate from our Newtonian intuition about the gravitational field of an infinite plane. These solutions provide the beginning student in general relativity both computational practice and conceptual insight into Einstein's field equations. In addition they do this by introducing the student to material that is at the forefront of current research.
description: Accepted for publication in the American Journal of Physics
Regionalized implementation strategy of smart automation within assembly systems in China
Creators: name: Yang, Shun
Publisher: name: Shaker Verlag
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cyber-physical production system
smart automation
location factors
implementation strategy

description: Produzierende Unternehmen in aufstrebenden Nationen wie China, sind bestrebt, die Produktivität der Produktion durch eine Verbesserung der Lean Produktion mit disruptiven Technologien zu erreichen. Smart Automation ist dabei eine vielversprechende Lösung, allerdings können Unternehmen aufgrund von mangelnden Ressourcen oft nicht alle Smart Automation Technologien gleichzeitig implementieren. Ebenso beeinflusst eine Vielzahl an Einflussfaktoren, wie z.B. Standortfaktoren. Dementsprechend herausfordernd ist die Auswahl und Priorisierung von Smart Automation Technologien in Form von Einführungsstrategien für produzierende Unternehmen. Der Stand der Forschung untersucht nur unzureichend die Analyse der Interdependenzen zwischen Standortfaktoren, Smart Automation Technologien und Key Performance Indikatoren (KPIs). Darüber hinaus mangelt es an einer Methode zur Ableitung der Einführungsstrategie von Smart Automation Technologien unter Berücksichtigung dieser Interdependenzen. Entsprechend trägt diese Arbeit dazu bei, eine regionalisierte Einführungsstrategie von Smart Automation Technologien in Montagesystemen zu ermöglichen. Zunächst werden die Standortfaktoren, Smart Automation Technologien und KPIs identifiziert. In einem zweiten Schritt werden, mit Hilfe von qualitativen und quantitativen Analysen, die Interdependenzen bestimmt. Anschließend werden diese Interdependenzen auf ein Montagesystem mittels hybrider Modellierung und Simulation übertragen. Im vierten Schritt wird eine regionalisierte Einführungsstrategie durch eine Optimierung und eine Monte-Carlo-Simulation abgeleitet. Die Methodik wurde im Rahmen des deutsch-chinesischen Forschungsprojekts I4TP entwickelt, das vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) unterstützt wird. Die Validierung wurde erfolgreich mit einem produzierenden Unternehmen in Beijing durchgeführt. Die entwickelte Methodik stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Entscheidungsunterstützung bei der Entwicklung einer regionalisierten Einführungsstrategie für Smart Automation Technologien in Montagesystemen dar. Dadurch sind produzierende Unter-nehmen in der Lage, individuelle Einführungsstrategien für disruptive Technologien auf Basis wissenschaftlicher und rationaler Analysen effektiv abzuleiten.
Absorption spectroscopy of quantum black holes with gravitational waves
Creators: name: Agullo, Ivan
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: del Rio, Adrián
name: Maggiore, Michele
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by matter was instrumental in revealing the quantum properties of atoms and molecules in the early XX century, and constituted a turning-point in the development of the quantum theory. Quantum mechanics changes dramatically the way radiation and matter interact, making the probability of emission and absorption of light strongly frequency dependent, as clearly manifested in atomic spectra. In this essay, we advocate that gravitational radiation can play, for the quantum aspects of black holes, a similar role as electromagnetic radiation did for atoms, and that the advent of gravitational-wave astronomy can bring this fascinating possibility to the realm of observations.
description: Received honorable mention at the GRF essay competition of 2021
The shastri and the air-pump: Experimental fictions and fictions of experiment for Hindi readers in colonial north India.
Creators: name: Singh, Charu
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: In the early twentieth century, the vernacular science periodical emerged as a key medium for building science-literate publics in colonial South Asia. This article argues that the Hindi science monthly Vigyan became a discursive laboratory for experiments with language, literary genres, narrative plots, and settings to create culturally grounded science lessons for Hindi readers in the mid-1910s. I focus on the writings of Prem Vallabh Joshi, a pandit, science graduate, and small town teacher, who experimented with distinct literary genres to create a sensibility for science - an experimental temper - amongst Vigyan's readers. Through his strategic use of scientific experiments in the "history of" a particular branch of knowledge, detective mysteries, and the genre of the fictionalized dialogue, Joshi inducted colonial readers into experimental culture and global scientific modernity. As a reflexive participant in the ongoing confrontation between "Western" science and Hindu śāstra in colonial society, Joshi staged a fictional encounter between the experimental demonstration of the iconic air-pump and the textual authority of śāstra. This article examines the encounter between sastric commitments and scientific sensibilities and their conjoined mobilization in Vigyan in the era of linguistic nationalism. In this colonial vernacular publishing culture, the serial possibilities of the periodical and the history of science itself became critical resources in the ontological confrontations between experimental science and traditional authority.
Predictions for the LHC: an Overview
Creators: name: Armesto, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present an overview of predictions for the heavy ion program at the Large Hadron Collider. It is mainly based on the material presented during the workshop 'Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC - Last Call for Predictions', held in the frame of the CERN Theory Institute from May 14th to June 10th 2007. Predictions on both bulk properties and hard probes are reviewed.
description: 8 pages, 3 eps figures included using graphicx; proceedings of Quark Matter 2008 (Jaipur, India, february 4th-10th 2008)
Prospects for Multimessenger Observations of Thorne-Żytkow Objects
Creators: name: DeMarchi, Lindsay
name: Sanders, J. R.
name: Levesque, Emily M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thorne-Żytkow objects (TŻOs) are a class of stellar object comprised of a neutron star core surrounded by a large and diffuse envelope. Their exterior appearance is identical to red supergiants; the distinctive electromagnetic signature of a TŻO is a suite of unusual chemical abundance patterns, including excesses of Li, Rb, Mo, and Ca. However, electromagnetic observations cannot unambiguously identify the presence of a neutron star core. Detection of continuous gravitational wave emission from a rotating neutron star core would provide strong supporting evidence for the existence of TŻOs. We present a model for gravitational wave detector confirmation of TŻOs and demonstrate that these objects should be detectable with Advanced LIGO. We also investigate possible targets for joint optical and gravitational searches, and comment on prospects for detectability in both current and future gravitational wave detector networks.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures. To be published in ApJ
Online recognition of unsegmented actions with hierarchical SOM architecture
Creators: name: Gharaee, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic recognition of an online series of unsegmented actions requires a method for segmentation that determines when an action starts and when it ends. In this paper, a novel approach for recognizing unsegmented actions in online test experiments is proposed. The method uses self-organizing neural networks to build a three-layer cognitive architecture. The unique features of an action sequence are represented as a series of elicited key activations by the first-layer self-organizing map. An average length of a key activation vector is calculated for all action sequences in a training set and adjusted in learning trials to generate input patterns to the second-layer self-organizing map. The pattern vectors are clustered in the second layer, and the clusters are then labeled by an action identity in the third layer neural network. The experiment results show that although the performance drops slightly in online experiments compared to the offline tests, the ability of the proposed architecture to deal with the unsegmented action sequences as well as the online performance makes the system more plausible and practical in real-case scenarios.
The bursty origin of the Milky Way thick disc
Creators: name: Yu, Sijie
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Klein, Courtney
name: Stern, Jonathan
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Ma, Xiangcheng
name: Moreno, Jorge
name: Hafen, Zachary
name: Gurvich, Alexander B.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Kereš, Dušan
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate thin and thick stellar disc formation in Milky-Way-mass galaxies using twelve FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations. All simulated galaxies experience an early period of bursty star formation that transitions to a late-time steady phase of near-constant star formation. Stars formed during the late-time steady phase have more circular orbits and thin-disc-like morphology at $z=0$, whilst stars born during the bursty phase have more radial orbits and thick-disc structure. The median age of thick-disc stars at $z=0$ correlates strongly with this transition time. We also find that galaxies with an earlier transition from bursty to steady star formation have a higher thin-disc fractions at $z=0$. Three of our systems have minor mergers with LMC-size satellites during the thin-disc phase. These mergers trigger short starbursts but do not destroy the thin disc nor alter broad trends between the star formation transition time and thin/thick disc properties. If our simulations are representative of the Universe, then stellar archaeological studies of the Milky Way (or M31) provide a window into past star-formation modes in the Galaxy. Current age estimates of the Galactic thick disc would suggest that the Milky Way transitioned from bursty to steady phase $\sim$6.5 Gyr ago; prior to that time the Milky Way likely lacked a recognisable thin disc.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Association of inflammation with depression and anxiety: evidence for symptom-specificity and potential causality from UK Biobank and NESDA cohorts.
Creators: name: Milaneschi, Yuri
name: Kappelmann, Nils
name: Ye, Zheng
name: Lamers, Femke
name: Moser, Sylvain
name: Jones, Peter
name: Burgess, Stephen
name: Penninx, Brenda WJH
name: Khandaker, Golam
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021

description: We examined whether inflammation is uniformly associated with all depressive and anxiety symptoms, and whether these associations are potentially causal. Data was from 147,478 individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB) and 2,905 from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured in both cohorts and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in NESDA. Genetic instruments for these proteins were obtained from published GWAS and UKB. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed with self-report questionnaires. In NESDA, neurovegetative (appetite, sleep, psychomotor) symptoms were disaggregated as increased vs. decreased. In joint analyses, higher CRP was associated with depressive symptoms of depressed mood (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05-1.08), altered appetite (OR = 1.25, 95%CI = 1.23-1.28), sleep problems (OR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.04-1.06), and fatigue (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.11-1.14), and with anxiety symptoms of irritability (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.05-1.08) and worrying control (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02-1.04). In NESDA, higher IL-6 was additionally associated with anhedonia (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12-1.52). Higher levels of both CRP (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.13-1.43) and IL-6 (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07-1.49) were associated with increased sleep. Higher CRP was associated with increased appetite (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.08-1.35) while higher IL-6 with decreased appetite (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.18-1.79). In Mendelian Randomisation analyses, genetically predicted higher IL-6 activity was associated with increased risk of fatigue (estimate = 0.25, SE = 0.08) and sleep problems (estimate = 0.19, SE = 0.07). Inflammation was associated with core depressive symptoms of low mood and anhedonia and somatic/neurovegetative symptoms of fatigue, altered sleep and appetite changes. Less consistent associations were found for anxiety. The IL-6/IL-6R pathway could be causally linked to depression. Experimental studies are required to further evaluate causality, mechanisms, and usefulness of immunotherapies for depressive symptoms.
Validation of a Brief Measure of Aggression for Ecological Momentary Assessment Research: The Aggression-ES-A.
Creators: name: Murray, Aja
name: Eisner, Manuel
name: Ribeaud, Denis
name: Booth, Tom
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) holds significant potential within aggression research. It affords researchers the possibility of collecting data in ecological context, in near real time. However, there is a lack of measures of aggression that have been developed and validated for use in EMA contexts. In this study, we report on the validation of a measure specifically designed to address this need: the Aggression-ES-A. Building on a previous pilot study, we evaluate the within- and between-person reliability, nomological net and associations with a validated trait measure of aggression of the Aggression-ES-A in a sample of N = 255 emerging adults from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso). Using multilevel confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, we found support for the factorial validity, reliability, and concurrent validity of the Aggression-ES-A scores. Results support the use of the Aggression-ES-A in EMA studies utilizing community-ascertained samples.
Coherent and Dissipative Cavity Magnonics
Creators: name: Harder, Michael
name: Yao, Bimu
name: Gui, Yongsheng
name: Hu, Can-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong interactions between magnetic materials and electrodynamic cavities mix together spin and photon properties, producing unique hybridized behaviour. The study of such coupled spin-photon systems, known as cavity magnonics, is motivated by the flexibility and controllability of these hybridized states for spintronic and quantum information technologies. In this tutorial we examine and compare both coherent and dissipative interactions in cavity magnonics. We begin with a familiar case study, the coupled harmonic oscillator, which provides insight into the unique characteristics of coherent and dissipative coupling. We then examine several canonical cavity magnonic systems, highlighting the requirements for different coupling mechanisms, and conclude with recent applications of spin-photon hybridization, for example, the development of quantum transducers, memory architectures, isolators and enhanced sensing.
description: Tutorial article to appear in the Journal of Applied Physics
Reaction Plane Dependent Away-side Modification and Near-side Ridge in Au+Au Collisions
Creators: name: Feng, Aoqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: STAR preliminary results of di-hadron correlations versus $ϕ_{s}$, the trigger particle azimuthal angle relative to the constructed event plane are reported for mid-central Au+Au collisions and compared to central Au+Au as well as minimum bias d+Au collisions. The correlations are observed to vary with $ϕ_{s}$ on both the near and away side of the trigger particle. The away-side correlation evolves from single- to double-peak with increasing $ϕ_{s}$. The near-side correlation is separated into 'jet' and 'ridge': the ridge is found to decrease with $ϕ_{s}$ while the jet remains relatively constant.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Low-temperature entropy in JT gravity
Creators: name: Janssen, Oliver
name: Mirbabayi, Mehrdad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For ensembles of Hamiltonians that fall under the Dyson classification of random matrices with $β\in \{1,2,4\}$, the low-temperature mean entropy can be shown to vanish as $\langle S(T)\rangle\sim κT^{β+1}$. A similar relation holds for Altland-Zirnbauer ensembles. JT gravity has been shown to be dual to the double-scaling limit of a $β=2$ ensemble, with a classical eigenvalue density $\propto e^{S_0}\sqrt{E}$ when $0 < E \ll 1$. We use universal results about the distribution of the smallest eigenvalues in such ensembles to calculate $κ$ up to corrections that we argue are doubly exponentially small in $S_0$.
description: 17 pages
title: Territories and terrains of death and burial: Governing volumes, materialities, and everyday geopolitical bodies across Wirral Cemeteries
Creators: name: Byron, Cameron
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explores how the domestic geopolitics of death and burial is shaped by practices of territory and territoriality across the space of the cemetery. Tracing the development of newly established municipal and commercial cemeteries on the Wirral Peninsula in the North West of England following the adoption of the Burial Laws and Amendments Acts (1852-1885), it follows how changing material and embodied practices of death and burial generate new ecologies and economies of governance. These acts, implemented in response to burgeoning population growth at a critical time of industrial development, fundamentally transformed the geographies of death and dying within a changing urban fabric across Britain, speaking to wider issues of spatial access, ownership and capacity. This thesis engages with a series of archival collections from the Wirral Archives (part of the National Archives collection). These include planning documents, letters, record books, and newspaper articles from the region’s cemeteries and burial spaces that unearth how everyday territorial encounters (re)configure the spatialities of death and burial. Critically interrogating the multiple ecologies of death and burial, this research builds on scholarship re-thinking how a political ecology and economy of death becomes shaped from the intersections of the body and the earth. It engages with an under-explored empirical case study area for reflecting back upon these disciplinary concepts, where relations between sacred and secular, life and non-life are encountered and expressed in plural and multiple ways. Domestic notions of containment and capacity, as well as calculative, controlled boundary making practices that are affectively mobilised through a politics of depth, govern the dead through a specific volumetric geopolitics that this work engages with. This thesis offers a novel theoretical attempt in thinking about death and burial by questioning how burial volumes, historically and at present, are understood and contested. Looking closely at the interface between life and death foregrounds new understandings of death and disposal through volumetric entanglements between the living and the dead, and through interrogating the politics of burial across its everyday domains, this research illuminates exactly what burial practices were, and are, acceptable, (and which not) in respect of the spatial and material provisions that are granted (or otherwise not) to the dead. This thesis argues that the way burial provision is contested, negotiated and enacted demands closer attention to fully understand how territorial practices and the more affective spatialities of death are increasingly influencing burial governance.
Supergravity on an Atiyah-Hitchin Base
Creators: name: Stotyn, Sean
name: Mann, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct solutions to five dimensional minimal supergravity using an Atiyah-Hitchin base space. In examining the structure of solutions we show that they generically contain a singularity either on the Atiyah-Hitchin bolt or at larger radius where there is a singular solitonic boundary. However for most points in parameter space the solution exhibits a velocity of light surface (analogous to what appears in a Goedel space-time) that shields the singularity. For these solutions, all closed time-like curves are causally disconnected from the rest of the space-time in that they exist within the velocity of light surface, which null geodesics are unable to cross. The singularities in these solutions are thus found to be hidden behind the velocity of light surface and so are not naked despite the lack of an event horizon. Outside of this surface the space-time is geodesically complete, asymptotically flat and can be arranged so as not to contain closed time-like curves at infinity. The rest of parameter space simply yields solutions with naked singularities.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, citations added, analytic solution added, figures changed, main results unaltered
Unsupervised Event Classification with Graphs on Classical and Photonic Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Blance, Andrew
name: Spannowsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic Quantum Computers provides several benefits over the discrete qubit-based paradigm of quantum computing. By using the power of continuous-variable computing we build an anomaly detection model to use on searches for New Physics. Our model uses Gaussian Boson Sampling, a $\#$P-hard problem and thus not efficiently accessible to classical devices. This is used to create feature vectors from graph data, a natural format for representing data of high-energy collision events. A simple K-means clustering algorithm is used to provide a baseline method of classification. We then present a novel method of anomaly detection, combining the use of Gaussian Boson Sampling and a quantum extension to K-means known as Q-means. This is found to give equivalent results compared to the classical clustering version while also reducing the $\mathcal{O}$ complexity, with respect to the sample's feature-vector length, from $\mathcal{O}(N)$ to $\mathcal{O}(\mbox{log}(N))$. Due to the speed of the sampling algorithm and the feasibility of near-term photonic quantum devices, anomaly detection at the trigger level can become practical in future LHC runs.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Price-Support and Adjustment Programs from 1933 through 1978: A Short History
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Wayne D.
name: Baker, Gladys L.
name: Rasmussen, Wayne D.
name: Baker, Gladys L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Price support
subject: production adjustment
subject: history
subject: Depression

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture's concern with price-support and adjustment legislation is carried out under a series of interrelated laws passed by Congress from 1933 to 1978. Beginning with the major proposals of the twenties for handling and marketing farm surpluses, this expanded history (necessitated by the passage of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 and the Emergency Assistance Act of 1978) records the establishment of the Federal Farm Board in 1929, continues with the Agricultural Adjustment Acts of 1933 and 1938, and traces price-support and adjustment legislation through 1978. These, and subsequent proposals and actions, are important because they are the foundation for implementing current and future farm legislation.
Phase diffusion and locking in single-qubit lasers
Creators: name: André, Stephan
name: Brosco, Valentina
name: Shnirman, Alexander
name: Schön, Gerd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments, which demonstrated lasing and cooling of the electromagnetic field in an electrical resonator coupled to a superconducting qubit, we study the phase coherence and diffusion of the system in the lasing state. We also discuss phase locking and synchronization induced by an additional {\sl ac} driving of the resonator. We extend earlier work to account for the strong qubit-resonator coupling and to include the effects of low-frequency qubit's noise. We show that the strong coupling may lead to a double peak structure of the spectrum, while the shape and width are determined to the low-frequency noise.
description: Revised version with a new section about the validity of the model when applied to describe experiments
PROCEDURES TO OBTAIN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT FROM A GAS FUELD BURNER
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeon
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: absorptivity
subject: emmisivity
subject: heat flux
subject: radiant fraction
subject: radiometer
subject: thermopile

description: Procedures to obtain accurate heat flux measurements from a 50 mm diameter gas-fueled burner using a diluent fuel gas mixture were examined that required following steps. Local heat flux measurements on the surface of a thick porous copper plate burner were corrected with a pure convective burning assumption and stagnant layer solution. Calibration procedures for thermopile-type heat flux gauge was developed and compared with NIST BFRL heat flux gauge calibration system. Calibration of gauges has found to be possible without controlling the temperature. The absorptivity and emissivity of the coating used on the burner and heat flux gauges were measured via calibrated heat flux gauges and copper slug calorimeter. Independently, an apparatus was designed, built, and calibrated to measure burner flame radiant fraction. The heat flux distribution at the burner was measured. Sample measurements were taken to show accurate measurements and potential analysis of the collected burner data is examined.
Heat Distribution of Relativistic Brownian Motion
Creators: name: Paraguassú, Pedro V.
name: Morgado, Welles A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the statistical behavior of the heat in stochastic systems gives us insight about the thermodynamics of such systems. Using the recently proposed Relativistic Stochastic Thermodynamics, we investigate the statistics of the heat of a Relativistic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particle, comparing with the classical cases. The results are exact through numerical integration of the Fokker-Planck of the joint distribution, and are validated by numerical simulations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Chronological Landmarks in American Agriculture
Creators: name: Smith, Maryanna S.
name: Roth, Dennis M.
name: Smith, Maryanna S.
name: Roth, Dennis M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: This chronology lists major events in the history of U.S. agriculture. A source to which the reader may turn for additional information on the subject is included with most of the events. Generally, each source appears only once, although it may apply to more than one chronological citation. The reader interested in a particular subject can compile a short bibliography by consulting each citation for that subject. Key inventions, laws, changes in land policies, individuals, contributions, the development of institutions, and the introduction of new types of crops and livestock are included. There are also notes on all commissioners, secretaries of agriculture, and agencies established in response to new programs in the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Creators: name: Sun, Yuan
name: Pavey, Holly
name: Wilkinson, Ian
name: Fisk, Marie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences

description: Funder: National Institute of Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre
description: Funder: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
description: Funder: AstraZeneca; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004325
description: Funder: British Heart Foundation; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000274
description: Interleukin (IL)-33 and its unique receptor, ST2, play a pivotal role in the immune response to infection and stress. However, there have been conflicting reports of the role of IL-33 in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the potential of this axis in differentiating CVD patients and controls and with CVD disease severity, remains unclear. AIMS: 1) To quantify differences in circulating IL-33 and/or sST2 levels between CVD patients versus controls. 2) Determine association of these biomarkers with mortality in CVD and community cohorts. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using Pubmed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Prospero and Cochrane databases, systematic review of studies published on IL-33 and/or sST2 levels in patients with CVD (heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, atrial fibrillation, stroke, coronary artery disease and hypertension) vs controls, and in cohorts of each CVD subtype was performed. Pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) of biomarker levels between CVD-cases versus controls and hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of mortality during follow-up in CVD patients, were assessed by random effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was evaluated with random-effects meta-regressions. From 1071 studies screened, 77 were meta-analysed. IL-33 levels were lower in HF and CAD patients vs controls, however levels were higher in stroke patients compared controls [Meta-SMD 1.455, 95% CI 0.372-2.537; p = 0.008, I2 = 97.645]. Soluble ST2 had a stronger association with risk of all-cause mortality in ACS (Meta-multivariate HR 2.207, 95% CI 1.160-4.198; p = 0.016, I2 = 95.661) than risk of all-cause mortality in HF (Meta-multivariate HR 1.425, 95% CI 1.268-1.601; p<0.0001, I2 = 92.276). There were insufficient data to examine the association of IL-33 with clinical outcomes in CVD. CONCLUSIONS: IL-33 and sST2 levels differ between CVD patients and controls. Higher levels of sST2 are associated with increased mortality in individuals with CVD. Further study of IL-33/ST2 in cardiovascular studies is essential to progress diagnostic and therapeutic advances related to IL-33/ST2 signalling.
Scratching the surface: the use of sheepskin parchment to deter textual erasure in early modern legal deeds.
Creators: name: Doherty, Sean Paul
name: Henderson, Stuart
name: Fiddyment, Sarah
name: Finch, Jonathan
name: Collins, Matthew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biocodicology
Legal deeds
Manuscripts
Parchment
Proteomics
Sheepskin

description: Historic legal deeds are one of the most abundant resources in British archives, but also one of the most neglected. Despite the millions that survive, we know remarkably little about their manufacture, including the species of animal on which they were written. Here we present the species identification of 645 sixteenth-twentieth century skins via peptide mass fingerprinting (ZooMS), demonstrating the preferential use of sheepskin parchment. We argue that alongside their abundance and low cost, the use of sheepskins over those of other species was motivated by the increased visibility of fraudulent text erasure and modification afforded by the unique structure of their skin. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40494-021-00503-6.
Smallness of the cosmological constant and the multiple point principle
Creators: name: Froggatt, C. D.
name: Nevzorov, R.
name: Nielsen, H. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk we argue that the breakdown of global symmetries in no--scale supergravity (SUGRA), which ensures the vanishing of the vacuum energy density near the physical vacuum, leads to a natural realisation of the multiple point principle (MPP). In the MPP inspired SUGRA models the cosmological constant is naturally tiny.
description: Talk given at the 2007 Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Manchester, England, 19-25 July 2007, CERN preprint number added, references updated
Table S1. Late Cretaceous granitoids of the Sikhote–Alin orogenic belt, southeastern Russia: implications for the Mesozoic geodynamic history of the eastern Asian continental margin
Creators: name: Kemkin, Igor V.
name: Grebennikov, Andrei V.
name: Ma, Xing-Hua
name: Sun, Ke-Ke
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary material (Table S1). Laser Ablation–Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry zircon U–Pb data of the Bikin–Bol. Ussurka granitoid suites.
Boutroux curves with external field: equilibrium measures without a minimization problem
Creators: name: Bertola, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear steepest descent method for rank-two systems relies on the notion of g-function. The applicability of the method ranges from orthogonal polynomials (and generalizations) to Painleve transcendents, and integrable wave equations (KdV, NonLinear Schroedinger, etc.). For the case of asymptotics of generalized orthogonal polynomials with respect to varying complex weights we can recast the requirements for the Cauchy-transform of the equilibrium measure into a problem of algebraic geometry and harmonic analysis and completely solve the existence and uniqueness issue without relying on the minimization of a functional. This addresses and solves also the issue of the ``free boundary problem'', determining implicitly the curves where the zeroes of the orthogonal polynomials accumulate in the limit of large degrees and the support of the measure. The relevance to the quasi--linear Stokes phenomenon for Painleve equations is indicated. A numerical algorithm to find these curves in some cases is also explained. Technical note: the animations included in the file can be viewed using Acrobat Reader 7 or higher. Mac users should also install a QuickTime plugin called Flip4Mac. Linux users can extract the embedded animations and play them with an external program like VLC or MPlayer. All trademarks are owned by the respective companies.
description: 37 pages, 12 figures, 3 animations. Version 2: minor corrections and improved presentation. Version 3: small but critical correction on page 18-19. No change in conclusions
Cyber-Physical Defense in the Quantum Era
Creators: name: Barbeau, Michel
name: Garcia-Alfaro, Joaquin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Networked-Control Systems (NCSs), a type of cyber-physical systems, consist of tightly integrated computing, communication and control technologies. While being very flexible environments, they are vulnerable to computing and networking attacks. Recent NCSs hacking incidents had major impact. They call for more research on cyber-physical security. Fears about the use of quantum computing to break current cryptosystems make matters worse. While the quantum threat motivated the creation of new disciplines to handle the issue, such as post-quantum cryptography, other fields have overlooked the existence of quantum-enabled adversaries. This is the case of cyber-physical defense research, a distinct but complementary discipline to cyber-physical protection. Cyber-physical defense refers to the capability to detect and react in response to cyber-physical attacks. Concretely, it involves the integration of mechanisms to identify adverse events and prepare response plans, during and after incidents occur. In this paper, we make the assumption that the eventually available quantum computer will provide an advantage to adversaries against defenders, unless they also adopt this technology. We envision the necessity for a paradigm shift, where an increase of adversarial resources because of quantum supremacy does not translate into higher likelihood of disruptions. Consistently with current system design practices in other areas, such as the use of artificial intelligence for the reinforcement of attack detection tools, we outline a vision for next generation cyber-physical defense layers leveraging ideas from quantum computing and machine learning. Through an example, we show that defenders of NCSs can learn and improve their strategies to anticipate and recover from attacks.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 1 table, 4 boxes
Understanding the Game of the Environment: An Illustrated Guide to Understanding Ecological Principles
Creators: name: Houston, David R.
name: Houston, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: As a supplement to other classroom materials and field experiences, Understanding the Game of the Environment should provide stimuli for discussion and review of ecological principles and their relevance to our daily existence. The illustrations, purposefully detailed and complex, are intended to provide a basis for in-depth discussion. We believe this bulletin also should be of value to special interest and youth organizations —members of the Youth Conservation Corps, Scouts, and others interested in understanding their environment. Understanding the Game of the Environment is a summary of major ecological principles and concepts viewed as a game in which living organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment. The use of game terminology helps place a bewildering array of facts and relationships into an understandable framework. All students are familiar with games, and they recognize the necessity of defining the Playing Field, identifying the Players, and understanding the Rules of the Game. Similarly, students understand that when Rules are violated and Fouls are committed, the Players will be Penalized.
Synergistic Configurable Ring Oscillator PUF: Design, Characterization, and Implementation
Creators: name: Lai, Khai Vinh
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: anti-cloning
subject: configurable
subject: efficient
subject: PUF
subject: reliability
subject: ring oscillator

description: Silicon Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) is a novel hardware primitive that uses the intrinsic variation of integrated circuit manufacturing process for various security applications. Ring oscillator PUF (RO PUF) is one of the most popular silicon PUFs due to its ease of implementation on both ASIC and FPGA. However, RO PUF can have severe reliability issues when the operating environment deviates from the normal environment and security issues when it lacks an efficient anti-cloning mechanism. In this work, we propose a novel approach to build reliable RO PUF efficiently and enhance its resistance against physical cloning attack. The key idea of our approach is to construct ring oscillators with carefully selected inverters during the testing phase after the chip is fabricated. Our experimental results show that our configurable approach outperforms the traditional RO PUF and 1-out-of-8 PUF by generating more reliable bits that pass the NIST randomness tests. Our approach is also more hardware efficient than these RO PUFs. We also demonstrate that the configuration vectors can prevent physical cloning and have the potential usage in chip-dependent applications such as device authentication.