cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Bone tumors of cartilaginous origin: a pictorial review
Creators: name: Figueiredo, Angela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To discuss and illustrate the imaging characteristics of cartilage-forming tumors and tumor-like lesions, showing examples (conventional radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance images). To review the imaging features which suggest a...
Out-of-contact elastohydrodynamic deformation due to lubrication forces
Creators: name: Wang, Yumo
name: Dhong, Charles
name: Frechette, Joelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the spatiotemporal deformation of an elastic film during the radial drainage of fluid from a narrowing gap. Elastic deformation of the film takes the form of a dimple and prevents full contact to be reached. With thinner elastic film the stress becomes increasingly supported by the underlying rigid substrate and the dimple formation is suppressed, which allows the surfaces to reach full contact. We highlight the lag due to viscoelasticity on the surface profiles, and that for a given fluid film thickness deformation leads to stronger hydrodynamic forces than for rigid surfaces.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
title: Radiologic Anatomy of the cranial nerves
Creators: name: Fernández Martín, Ana Isabel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Education

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: The main objective of this poster is to be familiar with the Radiological Anatomy of the cranial nerves with MR and CT images. The requests for many radiological tests are to rule out cranial nerve pathology and the exhaustive knowledge of the...
Magnetopause Reconnection as Influenced by the Dipole Tilt Under Southward IMF Conditions: Hybrid Simulation and MMS Observation
Creators: name: Guo, Zhifang
name: Lin, Yu
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Vines, Sarah
name: Lee, S
name: Chen, Yuxi
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2020

description: Using a three-dimensional (3-D) global-scale hybrid code, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) reconnection event around 02:13 UT on 18 November 2015, highlighted in the Geospace Environment Modeling (GEM) Dayside Kinetic Challenge, is simulated, in which the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) points southward and the geomagnetic field has a -27 degrees dipole tilt angle. Strong southward plasma jets are found near the magnetopause as a result of the dayside reconnection. Our results indicate that the subsolar magnetopause reconnection X line shifts from the subsolar point toward the Northern Hemisphere due to the effect of the tilted geomagnetic dipole angle, consistent with the MMS observation. Subsequently, the reconnection X lines or sites and reconnection flux ropes above the equator propagate northward along the magnetopause. The formation and global distribution of the X lines and the structure of the magnetopause reconnection are investigated in detail with the simulation. Mirror mode waves are also found in the middle of the magnetosheath downstream of the quasi-perpendicular shock where the plasma properties are consistent with the mirror instability condition. As a special outcome of the GEM challenge event, the spatial and temporal variations in reconnection, the electromagnetic power spectra, and the associated D-shaped ion velocity distributions in the simulated reconnection event are compared with the MMS observation.
The Hall Electric Field in Earth's Magnetotail Thin Current Sheet
Creators: name: Lu, San
name: Artemyev, A
name: Angelopoulos, V
name: Lin, Y
name: Zhang, X.-J.
name: Liu, J
name: Avanov, L
name: Giles, B
name: Russell, C
name: Strangeway, R
Publisher: name: American Geophysical Union
Year: 2019

description: One of the most important properties of Earth's magnetotail thin current sheet (TCS) is that its current is predominantly contributed by magnetized electrons. The Hall electric field, normal to the TCS and generated by charge separation, is critical to the generation of this electron current as well as a dawn-dusk asymmetry of the magnetotail, such as duskside preference of magnetic reconnection and related structures and phenomena. However, systematic investigation of the Hall electric field has so far been lacking. Utilizing observations of TCS by Magnetospheric Multiscale and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm spacecraft, we study the properties of this field. Our results, from various, complementary methods, show that the Hall electric field E-z (in the geocentric solar magnetospheric, coordinate system) or E-n (normal to the TCS plane) can be clearly observed to point toward the center of the current sheet. The typical magnitude of this electric field is several tenths of 1 mV/m. Statistics of Magnetospheric Multiscale magnetotail TCS crossings show that the Hall electric field is stronger on the duskside, indicating a stronger Hall effect there, which confirms predictions from global-scale hybrid and particle-in-cell simulations.
Periapical Microsurgery: The Effects of Locally Injected Dexamethasone on Post-operative Healing
Creators: name: Kan, Elena
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Substantial inflammation, bruising and pain have been an inevitable consequence of oral surgery. Objectives: To study a protocol to reduce these complications after periapical microsurgery. Hypothesis is that a single local submucosal injection of 4.0mg of dexamethasone at the time of periapical microsurgery can reduce the postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients received injections of either dexamethasone or a placebo solution at the conclusion of a standardized periapical microsurgery within a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. A self-administered survey provided data for analytical comparison. Data was analyzed at a significance level of 95% using Chi square and the Fisher Exact tests. Results: Subjects who received the dexamethasone injection reported less swelling 24 hours post-periapical microsurgery compared to the placebo at a statistical significant level of greater than 98%. Conclusion: A dexamethasone injection minimizes post-operative swelling 24 hours following periapical microsurgery.
Target Space $\neq$ Space
Creators: name: Huggett, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the significance of T-duality in string theory: the indistinguishability with respect to all observables, of models attributing radically different radii to space -- larger than the observable universe, or far smaller than the Planck length, say. Two interpretational branch points are identified and discussed. First, whether duals are physically equivalent or not: by considering a duality of the familiar simple harmonic oscillator, I argue that they are. Unlike the oscillator, there are no measurements 'outside' string theory that could distinguish the duals. Second, whether duals agree or disagree on the radius of 'target space', the space in which strings evolve according to string theory. I argue for the latter position, because the alternative leaves it unknown what the radius is. Since duals are physically equivalent yet disagree on the radius of target space, it follows that the radius is indeterminate between them. Using an analysis of Brandenberger and Vafa (1989), I explain why -- even so -- space is observed to have a determinate, large radius. The conclusion is that observed, 'phenomenal' space is not target space, since a space cannot have both a determinate and indeterminate radius: instead phenomenal space must be a higher-level phenomenon, not fundamental.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure; based on a presentation at the The Philosophical Foundations of Dualities in Physics conference, University of Florence, September 2014. To appear in a special issue of Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
Selective Adaptation to Socially-Induced Percepts: Voice Gender 2
Creators: name: Wilbanks, Eric
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Phonetics and Phonology
subject: Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: perception
subject: phonetics
subject: sociolinguistics

description: This repository contains the preregistration materials outlining the predictions, experimental methods, stimuli, and research outputs of a speech perception experiment.
Hybrid Precoding for Physical Layer Multicasting
Creators: name: Dai, Mingbo
name: Clerckx, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work investigates the problem of downlink transmit precoding for physical layer multicasting with a limited number of radio-frequency (RF) chains. To tackle the RF hardware constraint, we consider a hybrid precoder that is partitioned into a high-dimensional RF precoder and a low-dimensional baseband precoder. Considering a total transmit power constraint over the RF chains, the goal is to maximize the minimum (max-min) received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) among all users. We propose a low complexity algorithm to compute the RF precoder that achieves near-optimal max-min performance. Moreover, we derive a simple condition under which the hybrid precoding driven by a limited number of RF chains incurs no loss of optimality with respect to the fully digital precoding case. Finally, numerical results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and theoretical findings.
description: Accepted to IEEE Commun. Lett
One-Loop Soft Theorems via Dual Superconformal Symmetry
Creators: name: Brandhuber, Andreas
name: Hughes, Edward
name: Spence, Bill
name: Travaglini, Gabriele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study soft theorems at one loop in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills theory through finite order in the infrared regulator and to subleading order in the soft parameter δ. In particular, we derive a universal constraint from dual superconformal symmetry, which we use to bootstrap subleading log δ behaviour. Moreover, we determine the complete infrared-finite subleading soft contribution of n-point MHV amplitudes using momentum twistors. Finally, we compute the subleading log δ behaviour of one-loop NMHV ratio functions at six and seven points, finding that universality holds within but not between helicity sectors.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures
Recovery of the matrix quadratic differential pencil from the spectral data
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Natalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a pencil of matrix Sturm-Liouville operators on a finite interval. We study properties of its spectral characteristics and inverse problems that consist in recovering of the pencil by the spectral data: eigenvalues and so--called weight matrices. This inverse problem is reduced to a linear equation in a Banach space by the method of spectral mappings. Constructive algorithm for the solution of the inverse problem is provided.
description: 23 pages
No Party No Joy – Change vs. Stability in Personality and Subjective Well-Being during two COVID-19 lockdowns
Creators: name: Krautter, Kai
name: Reis, Dorota
name: Hart, Alexander
name: Friese, Malte
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: covid-19
subject: extraversion
subject: lockdown
subject: major life event
subject: multilevel contrast analyses
subject: neuroticism
subject: personality change
subject: ri-clpm
subject: subjective well-being

description: In this study, we are interested in how students’ personality (extraversion and neuroticism) and subjective well- being change during two COVID-19 lockdowns. We already surveyed a cohort of first-year students at four times of measurement (October 2019, January 2020, April 2020, May 2020) and now repeat and pre-register the same survey with this year’s cohort (November 2020, February 2021, April 2021, May 2021).
Additional file 1 of Systematic evaluation of B-cell clonal family inference approaches
Creators: name: Balashova, Daria
name: van Schaik, Barbera D. C.
name: Stratigopoulou, Maria
name: Guikema, Jeroen E. J.
name: Caniels, Tom G.
name: Claireaux, Mathieu
name: van Gils, Marit J.
name: Musters, Anne
name: Anang, Dornatien C.
name: de Vries, Niek
name: Greiff, Victor
name: van Kampen, Antoine H. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Data simulation pipeline. Simulation approach is an integration of ImmuneSim, Alakazam and SHazaM tools and equally use the data of CF groupings obtained from each of the 10 CF inference approaches. Supplementary Figure 2. Determination of the number of TP, TN, FP, and FN. Three simulated CFs (2 singletons) and two inferred CFs are shown. Supplementary Figure 3. Overall correlation between the log10(number of CFs) and the standardized sequence depth for all combinations of approach (except SCOPer; A7, A8) and dataset. Supplementary Figure 4. Overall trend between the log10(number of CFs) and the standardized mutation load for all combinations of approach (except SCOPer; A7, A8) and dataset. Supplementary Figure 5. Summary of significant pairwise comparisons between Approaches. Supplementary Figure 6. Number of TP, TN, FP, and FN cases produced by the ten approaches when applied to six samples from three simulated datasets (D10, D11, D12). Supplementary Figure 7. Normalized number of TP, TN, FP, and FN cases produced by the ten approaches when applied to six samples from three simulated datasets (D10, D11, D12).
Further investigation of solitude as tool for affective self-regulation: EMA study investigating changes in affect when people spend time alone
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thuy-vy
name: Primbs, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: emotion regulation
subject: solitude

description: Preregistration of study procedure, measures, analysis plan, and hypotheses.
Re-casting difference: Charles Cordier's ethnographic sculptures
Creators: name: Holmes, Robley
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2011

description: Examining Cordier's nineteenth-century ethnographic busts, I argue that their contemporary exhibition must include the contexts of their creation and early display. Curators in the twenty-first century approach his works as celebrations of visual difference motivated by curiosity and artistic search for beauty. Yet Cordier showed these works in different types of venues, considering the sculptures both artistic and scientific. He worked from live models, traveling to Algeria to make busts of different racial types. Given these issues, discourses of Orientalism, anthropological racial theories, and colonial movement frame my analysis of his choice of non-French subjects, his sculptural process, and his use of multimedia and polychromy. I analyze these works looking at both historical and contemporary displays and aspects of Cordier's biography, as well as journals and travel guides.
title: Teaching ultrasound guided breast biopsy: how can behaviourist and situated learning theories inform training?
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Neil
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Breast

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: 1. Understand the basic tenets of behaviourist and situated learning theories. 2. Appreciate the strengths, weaknesses and relative importance of these theories for the different competencies required to perform an ultrasound guided breast biopsy....
Harmonising electronic health records for reproducible research: challenges, solutions and recommendations from a UK-wide COVID-19 research collaboration.
Creators: name: Abbasizanjani, Hoda
name: Torabi, Fatemeh
name: Bedston, Stuart
name: Bolton, Thomas
name: Davies, Gareth
name: Denaxas, Spiros
name: Griffiths, Rowena
name: Herbert, Laura
name: Hollings, Sam
name: Keene, Spencer
name: Khunti, Kamlesh
name: Lowthian, Emily
name: Lyons, Jane
name: Mizani, Mehrdad A
name: Nolan, John
name: Sudlow, Cathie
name: Walker, Venexia
name: Whiteley, William
name: Wood, Angela
name: Akbari, Ashley
name: CVD-COVID-UK/COVID-IMPACT Consortium
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research
Population health
Data harmonisation
Common data model
Electronic health record
Trusted Research Environments
Reproducible research
SAIL databank
NHS digital TRE for England
COVID-19

description: BACKGROUND: The CVD-COVID-UK consortium was formed to understand the relationship between COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases through analyses of harmonised electronic health records (EHRs) across the four UK nations. Beyond COVID-19, data harmonisation and common approaches enable analysis within and across independent Trusted Research Environments. Here we describe the reproducible harmonisation method developed using large-scale EHRs in Wales to accommodate the fast and efficient implementation of cross-nation analysis in England and Wales as part of the CVD-COVID-UK programme. We characterise current challenges and share lessons learnt. METHODS: Serving the scope and scalability of multiple study protocols, we used linked, anonymised individual-level EHR, demographic and administrative data held within the SAIL Databank for the population of Wales. The harmonisation method was implemented as a four-layer reproducible process, starting from raw data in the first layer. Then each of the layers two to four is framed by, but not limited to, the characterised challenges and lessons learnt. We achieved curated data as part of our second layer, followed by extracting phenotyped data in the third layer. We captured any project-specific requirements in the fourth layer. RESULTS: Using the implemented four-layer harmonisation method, we retrieved approximately 100 health-related variables for the 3.2 million individuals in Wales, which are harmonised with corresponding variables for > 56 million individuals in England. We processed 13 data sources into the first layer of our harmonisation method: five of these are updated daily or weekly, and the rest at various frequencies providing sufficient data flow updates for frequent capturing of up-to-date demographic, administrative and clinical information. CONCLUSIONS: We implemented an efficient, transparent, scalable, and reproducible harmonisation method that enables multi-nation collaborative research. With a current focus on COVID-19 and its relationship with cardiovascular outcomes, the harmonised data has supported a wide range of research activities across the UK.
title: Pediatric Tuberculosis: pictorial review of radiologic findings
Creators: name: Occhipinti, Mariaelena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Thorax
subject: Lung
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Cavitation
subject: Infection

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To provide an overview of the possible spectrum of pediatric tuberculosis (PTB) findings in Chest X-Ray (CXR) and Computed Tomography (CT), in particularfocusing on intrathoracic PTB. To correlate the radiological findings with a new classification...
Differences in the Use of Macro-level Self-Regulated Learning Processes between Students that Gain Declarative Knowledge and Students that Gain Conceptual  Understanding about Complex Science Topics
Creators: name: Deekens, Victor M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Learning complex science topics is an important part of students' education. Learning these complex topics is difficult, and students often fail to gain a conceptual understanding of them. Research shows that the use of hypermedia based learning environments can enhance students' ability to learn complex science topics. However, the use of hypermedia as a learning tool does not always improve students' learning. Additional research has shown that the use of self-regulated learning (SRL) processes enhances students' ability to reach a conceptual understanding of complex topics with hypermedia. In this study, to improve understanding of self-regulated learning with hypermedia, I examined what differentiates students that gain conceptual understanding from those that only gain declarative knowledge about a complex science topic. Specifically, I examined differences in the frequency of students' use of macro-level SRL processes. After completing the analysis, no statistically significant differences were found in the frequency participants in the conceptual understanding group employed macro-level SRL processes when compared to participants in the declarative knowledge group.
Genome-wide assessment of DNA methylation alterations induced by superovulation, sexual immaturity and in vitro follicle growth in mouse blastocysts.
Creators: name: Saucedo-Cuevas, Laura
name: Ivanova, Elena
name: Herta, Anamaria-Cristina
name: Krueger, Felix
name: Billooye, Katy
name: Smitz, Johan
name: Kelsey, Gavin
name: Anckaert, Ellen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research
Epigenetic Biomarkers
Oocyte
Embryo
Superovulation
Imprinted genes
DNA methylation
In vitro follicle culture

description: BACKGROUND: In their attempt to fulfill the wish of having children, women who suffer from fertility issues often undergo assisted reproductive technologies such as ovarian stimulation, which has been associated with adverse health outcomes and imprinting disorders in children. However, given the crucial role of exogenous hormone stimulation in improving human infertility treatments, a more comprehensive analysis of the potential impacts on DNA methylation in embryos following ovarian stimulation is needed. Here, we provide genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of blastocysts generated after superovulation of prepubertal or adult mice, compared with blastocysts derived from non-stimulated adult mice. Additionally, we assessed the impact of the in vitro growth and maturation of oocytes on methylation in blastocysts. RESULTS: Neither hormone stimulation nor sexual maturity had an impact on the low global methylation levels characteristic of the blastocyst stage or was associated with extensive DNA methylation alterations. However, we found hormone- and age-associated changes at specific positions but dispersed throughout the genome. In particular, we detected anomalous methylation at a limited number of CpG islands. Additionally, superovulation in adult mice was associated with alterations at the Sgce and Zfp777 imprinted genes. On the other hand, in vitro culture of follicles from the early pre-antral stage was associated with globally reduced methylation and increased variability at imprinted loci in blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a minimal effect of ovarian stimulation of adult and prepubertal mice on the DNA methylation landscape attained at the blastocyst stage, but potentially greater impacts of in vitro growth and maturation of oocytes. These findings have potential significance for the improvement of assisted reproductive techniques, in particular for those related to treatments in prepubertal females, which could be crucial for improving human fertility preservation strategies.
title: The use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on the evaluation of architectural changes of the lower leg muscles when submitted to intense fatigue
Creators: name: Alves, Sérgio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Physiological studies
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal system

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The use of Difusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) sequences in MRI studies other than the brain has been increasing regularly [1 - 3]. In recent years, this technique has been used in the visualization of human skeletal muscles fibers [4, 5], analyzing...
Modelling the photosphere of active stars for planet detection and characterization
Creators: name: Herrero, Enrique
name: Ribas, Ignasi
name: Jordi, Carme
name: Morales, Juan Carlos
name: Perger, Manuel
name: Rosich, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar activity patterns are responsible for jitter effects that are observed at different timescales and amplitudes. These effects are currently in the focus of many exoplanet search projects, since the lack of a well-defined characterization and correction strategy hampers the detection of the signals associated with small exoplanets. Accurate simulations of the stellar photosphere can provide synthetic time series data. These may help to investigate the relation between activity jitter and stellar parameters when considering different active region patterns. Moreover, jitters can be analysed at different wavelength scales in order to design strategies to remove or minimize them. In this work we present the StarSim tool, which is based on a model for a spotted rotating photosphere built from the integration of the spectral contribution of a fine grid of surface elements. The model includes all significant effects affecting the flux intensities and the wavelength of spectral features produced by active regions and planets. A specific application for the characterization and modelling of the spectral signature of active regions is considered, showing that the chromatic effects of faculae are dominant for low temperature contrasts of spots. Synthetic time series are modelled for HD 189733. Our algorithm reproduces both the photometry and the RVs to good precision, generally better than the studies published to date. We evaluate the RV signature of the activity in HD 189733 by exploring a grid of solutions from the photometry. We find that the use of RV data in the inverse problem could break degeneracies and allow for a better determination of some stellar and activity parameters. In addition, the effects of spots are studied for a set of simulated transit photometry, showing that these can introduce variations which are very similar to the signal of an atmosphere dominated by dust.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures
Intelligibility improves perception of timing changes in speech.
Creators: name: Zoefel, Benedikt
name: Gilbert, Rebecca A
name: Davis, Matthew H
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences

description: Acknowledgements: The authors thank Kevin Woods for providing the stimuli for the headphone test. They are also grateful to Elisa Filevich, Kristian Lange, and Josh De Leeuw, for their work on the development or JATOS and jsPsych libraries, respectively.
description: Funder: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004794
description: Auditory rhythms are ubiquitous in music, speech, and other everyday sounds. Yet, it is unclear how perceived rhythms arise from the repeating structure of sounds. For speech, it is unclear whether rhythm is solely derived from acoustic properties (e.g., rapid amplitude changes), or if it is also influenced by the linguistic units (syllables, words, etc.) that listeners extract from intelligible speech. Here, we present three experiments in which participants were asked to detect an irregularity in rhythmically spoken speech sequences. In each experiment, we reduce the number of possible stimulus properties that differ between intelligible and unintelligible speech sounds and show that these acoustically-matched intelligibility conditions nonetheless lead to differences in rhythm perception. In Experiment 1, we replicate a previous study showing that rhythm perception is improved for intelligible (16-channel vocoded) as compared to unintelligible (1-channel vocoded) speech-despite near-identical broadband amplitude modulations. In Experiment 2, we use spectrally-rotated 16-channel speech to show the effect of intelligibility cannot be explained by differences in spectral complexity. In Experiment 3, we compare rhythm perception for sine-wave speech signals when they are heard as non-speech (for naïve listeners), and subsequent to training, when identical sounds are perceived as speech. In all cases, detection of rhythmic regularity is enhanced when participants perceive the stimulus as speech compared to when they do not. Together, these findings demonstrate that intelligibility enhances the perception of timing changes in speech, which is hence linked to processes that extract abstract linguistic units from sound.
title: Real-time ultrasonography-guided fine needle non aspiration cytology of occult cervical lymphadenopathy in patients with thyroid malignancy without recurrent or residual thyroid cancer: accuracy and impact on clinical decision making
Creators: name: Gkeli, Myrsini
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Metastases
subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Cancer
subject: Sampling
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Thyroid / Parathyroids
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Head and neck

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. It is classified into well differentiated and undifferentiated carcinomas. The well differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) derives from follicular epithelial cells and includes...
Coping with Breast Cancer: The Influence of Partners' Benefit Finding on the Partner, the Patient, and Their Relationship
Creators: name: Cohen, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: As couples attempt to cope together with a female partner's breast cancer diagnosis, researchers have begun investigating the extent to which benefit finding, defined as one's ability to find the positive effects that result from a traumatic event, is an adaptive response. Whereas researchers have investigated benefit finding in patients with breast cancer, the literature on benefit finding in caregiving partners of breast cancer patients has been largely unexplored. This paper presents findings from a study involving 142 couples enrolled in a couple-based intervention for women with early-stage breast cancer. The findings indicate that while male benefit finding is positively associated with male relationship satisfaction, it is not related to any patient related variables under investigation. These results indicate that this construct is not consistently adaptive across studies. It will be worthwhile to further investigate the ways in which males provide support during challenging times in future studies.
title: Automated breast ultrasound: Current state-of-the-art and future aspects
Creators: name: Pereira, Ana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To learn the basic principle of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS), its technical advantages and limitations. Through literature review give an overview on current state-of-the-art of ABUS as well as a glimpse on future...
Renormalisation group for multiple zeta values
Creators: name: Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
name: Manchon, Dominique
name: Singer, Johannes
name: Zhao, Jianqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Calculating multiple zeta values at arguments of any sign in a way that is compatible with both the quasi-shuffle product as well as meromorphic continuation, is commonly referred to as the renormalisation problem for multiple zeta values. We consider the set of all solutions to this problem and provide a framework for comparing its elements in terms of a free and transitive action of a particular subgroup of the group of characters of the quasi-shuffle Hopf algebra. In particular, this provides a transparent way of relating different solutions at non-positive values, which answers an open question in the recent literature.
description: For abbreviated version of the manuscript see arXiv:1510.09159 [math.NT]
Global patterns of tree density are contingent upon local determinants in the world's natural forests.
Creators: name: Madrigal-González, Jaime
name: Calatayud, Joaquín
name: Ballesteros-Cánovas, Juan A
name: Escudero, Adrián
name: Cayuela, Luis
name: Marqués, Laura
name: Rueda, Marta
name: Ruiz-Benito, Paloma
name: Herrero, Asier
name: Aponte, Cristina
name: Sagardia, Rodrigo
name: Plumptre, Andrew J
name: Dupire, Sylvain
name: Espinosa, Carlos I
name: Tutubalina, Olga V
name: Myint, Moe
name: Pataro, Luciano
name: López-Sáez, Jerome
name: Macía, Manuel J
name: Abegg, Meinrad
name: Zavala, Miguel A
name: Quesada-Román, Adolfo
name: Vega-Araya, Mauricio
name: Golubeva, Elena
name: Timokhina, Yuliya
name: Bañares De Dios, Guillermo
name: Granzow-De La Cerda, Íñigo
name: Stoffel, Markus
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Article
/631/158/2454
/631/158/853
article

description: Previous attempts to quantify tree abundance at global scale have largely neglected the role of local competition in modulating the influence of climate and soils on tree density. Here, we evaluated whether mean tree size in the world's natural forests alters the effect of global productivity on tree density. In doing so, we gathered a vast set of forest inventories including >3000 sampling plots from 23 well-conserved areas worldwide to encompass (as much as possible) the main forest biomes on Earth. We evidence that latitudinal productivity patterns of tree density become evident as large trees become dominant. Global estimates of tree abundance should, therefore, consider dependencies of latitudinal sources of variability on local biotic influences to avoid underestimating the number of trees on Earth and to properly evaluate the functional and social consequences.
title: Radiological Findings on MRI in Intracranial Hypotension
Creators: name: Redondo Buil, Pilar
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education and training
subject: Image verification

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: Intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS) is a syndrome with a variable aetiology and clinical presentation that is, in most cases, caused by leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the thecal sac. Orthostatic headache associated to the typical...
Importance-Truncated Large-Scale Shell Model
Creators: name: Stumpf, Christina
name: Braun, Jonas
name: Roth, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an importance-truncation scheme for the large-scale nuclear shell model that extends its range of applicability to larger valence spaces and mid-shell nuclei. It is based on a perturbative measure for the importance of individual basis states that acts as an additional truncation for the many-body model space in which the eigenvalue problem of the Hamiltonian is solved numerically. Through a posteriori extrapolations of all observables to vanishing importance threshold, the full shell-model results can be recovered. In addition to simple threshold extrapolations, we explore extrapolations based on the energy variance. We apply the importance-truncated shell model for the study of 56-Ni in the pf valence space and of 60-Zn and 64-Ge in the pfg9/2 space. We demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the approach, which pave the way for future shell-model calculations in larger valence spaces with valence-space interactions derived in ab initio approaches.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
title: Evaluating the use of a negative D-dimer and low Wells score in excluding deep venous thrombosis in outpatients presenting to a large London teaching Hospital
Creators: name: Rahiminejad, Maryam
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Vascular
subject: Haematologic
subject: Extremities
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Blood

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The aim of this retrospective audit is to investigate the relationship of the Wells score and D-Dimer in excluding lower limb DVT in an outpatient setting and to construct a model to identify which patient group needs to proceed to imaging and in...
Stochastic approximations of higher-molecular by bi-molecular reactions.
Creators: name: Plesa, Tomislav
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Article
Stochastic reaction networks
Chemical master equation
Singular perturbation theory
Synthetic biology
DNA computing
92B05
92C42
60J28

description: Reactions involving three or more reactants, called higher-molecular reactions, play an important role in mathematical modelling in systems and synthetic biology. In particular, such reactions underpin a variety of important bio-dynamical phenomena, such as multi-stability/multi-modality, oscillations, bifurcations, and noise-induced effects. However, as opposed to reactions involving at most two reactants, called bi-molecular reactions, higher-molecular reactions are biochemically improbable. To bridge the gap, in this paper we put forward an algorithm for systematically approximating arbitrary higher-molecular reactions with bi-molecular ones, while preserving the underlying stochastic dynamics. Properties of the algorithm and convergence are established via singular perturbation theory. The algorithm is applied to a variety of higher-molecular biochemical networks, and is shown to play an important role in synthetic biology.
title: Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in abdominopelvic pathology
Creators: name: Merino Bonilla, Jose Alberto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Kidney
subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: 1. To describe the applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of pathologies of the liver, pancreas, spleen and urinary tract. 2. To discuss the advantages and drawbacks of this technique. 3. To illustrate with images of...
Testing an Inflation Model with Nonminimal Derivative Coupling in the Light of PLANCK 2015 Data
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Rashidi, Narges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a generalized inflationary model in which both the scalar field and its derivatives are coupled to the gravity. We consider a general form of the nonminimal derivative coupling in order to have a complete treatment of the model. By expanding the action up to the second order in perturbation, we study the spectrum of the primordial modes of the perturbations. Also, by expanding the action up to the third order and considering the three point correlation functions, the amplitude of the non-Gaussianity of the primordial perturbations is studied both in equilateral and orthogonal configurations. Finally, by adopting some sort of potentials, we compare the model at hand with the Planck 2015 released observational data and obtain some constraints on the model's parameters space. As an important result, we show that the nonminimal couplings help to make models of chaotic inflation, that would otherwise be in tension with Planck data, in better agreement with the data. This model is consistent with observation at weak coupling limit.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
title: Unusual metastatic sites. Iconographic Essay.
Creators: name: Andres, SANTIAGO
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: PET-CT
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Education
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: Review and describe the imaging features of metastatic lesions in unusual...
Amendment to "The Role of Perceived Interaction on Confidence and Accuracy"
Creators: name: Piehlmaier, Dominik
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Behavioral Economics
subject: Economics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Amendment

description: This is an amendment to the prior preregistration for two experimental studies in order to causally assess the impact of perceived human interaction on a respondent's accuracy and confidence in connection with 20 financial quiz questions.
title: Intracranial arterial dissection - Review of findings on CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography and digital subtraction angiography
Creators: name: Santos, Alair Augusto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Dissection
subject: Angioplasty
subject: Perception image
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Emergency
subject: Vascular
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: Describe the clinical and radiological features of intracranial arterial dissection, emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis and the use of interventional radiology techniques for effective...
The cardinality of the augmentation category of a Legendrian link
Creators: name: Ng, Lenhard
name: Rutherford, Dan
name: Shende, Vivek
name: Sivek, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a notion of cardinality for the augmentation category associated to a Legendrian knot or link in standard contact R^3. This `homotopy cardinality' is an invariant of the category and allows for a weighted count of augmentations, which we prove to be determined by the ruling polynomial of the link. We present an application to the augmentation category of doubly Lagrangian slice knots.
description: 15 pages
title: Elastography of the supleural space in fibrotic lung disease - preliminary experiments
Creators: name: Kubale, Reinhard
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Elastography
subject: CT
subject: Lung

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease of the lung parenchyma characterized by varying degrees of interstitial involvement with developement of fibrosis (1). The clinical course is dismal in the majority of patients, the median survival is less...
title: Classification of intervertebral disk degeneration using quantitative T2 relaxation time measurements
Creators: name: Nagy, Szilvia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological effects
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: MR
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Molecular imaging

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Several MRI grading systems have been used to characterize intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in humans. Most classification systems for IVDD focus on signal intensity and morphology of the nucleus pulposus on sagittal T2-weighted MRI...
Neutron methods for the direct determination of the magnetic induction in thick films
Creators: name: Kozhevnikov, S. V.
name: Ott, F.
name: Radu, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review different neutron methods which allow extracting directly the value of the magnetic induction in thick films: Larmor precession, Zeeman spatial beam-splitting and neutron spin resonance. Resulting parameters obtained by the neutron methods and standard magnetometry technique are presented and compared. The possibilities and specificities of the neutron methods are discussed.