cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From Double Chooz to Triple Chooz - Neutrino Physics at the Chooz Reactor Complex
Creators: name: Huber, P.
name: Kopp, J.
name: Lindner, M.
name: Rolinec, M.
name: Winter, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the potential of the proposed Double Chooz reactor experiment to measure the neutrino mixing angle $\sin^2 2θ_{13}$. We especially consider systematical uncertainties and their partial cancellation in a near and far detector operation, and we discuss implications of a delayed near detector startup. Furthermore, we introduce Triple Chooz, which is a possible upgrade scenario assuming a second, larger far detector, which could start data taking in an existing cavern five years after the first far detector. We review the role of the Chooz reactor experiments in the global context of future neutrino beam experiments. We find that both Double Chooz and Triple Chooz can play a leading role in the search for a finite value of $\sin^2 2θ_{13}$. Double Chooz could achieve a sensitivity limit of $\sim 2 \cdot 10^{-2}$ at the 90%~confidence level after 5~years while the Triple Chooz setup could give a sensitivity below $10^{-2}$.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
Intelligent Decision Support System for Updating Control Plans
Creators: name: Oukhay, Fadwa
name: Zaraté, Pascale
name: Romdhane, Taieb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the current competitive environment, it is crucial for manufacturers to make the best decisions in the shortest time, in order to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of the manufacturing systems. These decisions reach from the strategic level to tactical and operational production planning and control. In this context, elaborating intelligent decisions support systems (DSS) that are capable of integrating a wide variety of models along with data and knowledge resources has become promising. This paper proposes an intelligent DSS for quality control planning. The DSS is a recommender system (RS) that helps the decision maker to select the best control scenario using two different approaches. The first is a manual choice using a multi-criteria decision making method. The second is an automatic recommendation based on case-based reasoning (CBR) technique. Furthermore, the proposed RS makes it possible to continuously update the control plans in order to be adapted to the actual process quality situation. In so doing, CBR is used for learning the required knowledge in order to improve the decision quality. A numerical application is performed in a real case study in order to illustrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed DSS.
Information Systems, Incentives and the Timing of Investment
Creators: name: Antle, Rick
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Stark, Andrew W.
name: Antle, Rick
name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Stark, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of introducing information systems into a model featuring managerial incentive problems and investment opportunities that are mutually exclusive over time. In a principal-agent model in which a manager (agent) has superior information about investment costs, we introduce information systems, the signals from which are available to both the manager and the owner of the investment opportunity, which allow the owner to decrease the manager's informational advantage. We examine (i) the characteristics of the optimal information systems; (ii) the effects of such information systems on the owner's investment and compensation choices and on the value of the investment opportunity to the owner; (iii) the effects of such information systems on the timing of investment; (iv) the effects of such information systems on the overall probability of investment; and (v) when the owner might want to improve the information system at a particular point in time.
Additional file 2 of The best statistical model to estimate predictors of under-five mortality in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Fenta, Setegn Muche
name: Fenta, Haile Mekonnen
name: Girum Meseret Ayenew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2: Hurdle negative binomial regression coefficients for the number of under-five mortality in Ethiopia.
Extracting the temperature dependence in high-$p_\perp$ particle energy loss
Creators: name: Stojku, Stefan
name: Ilic, Bojana
name: Djordjevic, Marko
name: Djordjevic, Magdalena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The suppression of high-$p_\perp$ particles is one of the main signatures of parton energy loss during its passing through the QGP medium, and is reasonably reproduced by different theoretical models. However, a decisive test of the reliability of a certain energy loss mechanism, apart from its path-length, is its temperature dependence. Despite its importance and comprehensive dedicated studies, this issue is still awaiting for more stringent constraints. To this end, we here propose a novel observable to extract temperature dependence exponent of high-$p_{\perp}$ particle's energy loss, based on $R_{AA}$. More importantly, by combining analytical arguments, full-fledged numerical calculations and comparison with experimental data, we argue that this observable is highly suited for testing (and rejecting) the long-standing $ΔE/E \propto L^2 T^3$ paradigm. The anticipated significant reduction of experimental errors will allow direct extraction of temperature dependence, by considering different centrality pair in $A + A$ collisions (irrespective of the nucleus size) in high-$p_\perp$ region. Overall, our results imply that this observable, which reflects the underlying energy loss mechanism, is very important to distinguish between different theoretical models.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
Driftsokonomiske tab ved pesticidfri dyrkning af landbrugsafgroder - et case-studium
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Svend
name: Rasmussen, Svend
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Using the Bichel Committee's report as a source, this brief is a summary of farmers' loss of operating profits in relation to the transfer to pesticide free cultivation. The summary involves the case-area of Havelse Kildeplads, an area of drinking water reclamation situated at Frederikssund in the North of Zealand. In connection with the brief, alternative principles of estimating compensation in the case of voluntary reorganisation to pesticide free cultivation are discussed. In this connection the significance of risk and insecurity is also exposed, including the variation in levels of output between farmers. It is calculated that for crop holdings a mean loss of DKK 1,100 - 1,200 per hectare at 2003 price levels will take place. However, the de facto losses will vary from farmer to farmer. On the basis of an estimated variation in profit levels from holding to holding, the effects of four different compensatory models are compared. It is demonstrated that there is a significant difference in costs and efficiency between the four compensation models. In conclusion, from a welfare cost-effective point of view, it is hardly expedient to aim at compensation schemes that presume a complete termination of pesticide use.
Examining the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty as a model for "stage one" international decision-making
Creators: name: Taylor, Sarah Margaret Berghofer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is an examination the feasibility of using the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) as the model for a new form of international decision-making increasingly visible at this time in history. The term this thesis proposes is "Stage One" international decision-making. The term is defined as the formation of a carefully constructed international gathering of eminent thinkers and actors, similarly interested in a particularly complex, controversial, and current problem for international relations, in need of immediate and widespread debate, but which the established international institutions for international debate are unwilling or unable to address. The structure of the ICISS is such that issues of state reception and inclusion, legitimacy, timing, participant selection, and political fall-out are overarching concerns that arise, and will be addressed, in this analysis of the structure and impact of the ICISS as a model for future "stage one" (initializing) international dialogue of controversial yet imminent matters affecting international peace and security. The methods of investigation used include analysis of scholastic and governmental literature related to Canadian foreign policy on human security, interviews with and analysis of various individuals involved in the ICISS, and analysis of preliminary findings and reports by the Commission. The general conclusions drawn are that the ICISS' dedication to maintaining the sanctity of the UN while seeking other means for fostering international action, and its attempt to provide an open discussion forum, are positive features. However, the Commission is not an ideal model for "stage one" international decision-making mainly as a result of the idiosyncratic nature of its participant selection and the inference of secondary mandates, which go beyond simply initiating international debate.
Selection of an Integrated Security Area for locating a State Military Organization (SMO) based on group decision system: a multicriteria approach
Creators: name: Turet, Jean Gomes
name: Cabral, Ana Paula Cabral Seixtas
name: Zaraté, Pascale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the past few years there has been growing concern among authorities over crimes committed worldwide. In Brazil it is no different. High crime rates have encouraged government authorities involved in public safety to identify solutions to minimize crimes. In this context, one way to plan and manage security is in the division of neighborhoods in ISA (Integrated Security Areas). Each ISA has a neighborhood conglomerates taking into account their geolocation. From this it becomes possible to maximize security management and combat crime. Based on that, one of the main points that generate great discussion at the governmental level is the choice of a certain integrated security area for the installation of a certain police battalion. This choice involves multiple decision makers since several hierarchies are involved. Thus, this paper aims to identify the best ISA to deploy a police battalion using group decision techniques and tools. For this work the Group Decision Support System (GDSS) called GRoUp Support (GRUS) was used from two main Vote techniques: Condorcet and Borda. With this it was possible to identify the best ISA taking into account the pre-established criteria.
The short-duration GRB 050724 host galaxy in the context of the long-duration GRB hosts
Creators: name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Guziy, S.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Reverte, D.
name: Antonelli, A.
name: Covino, S.
name: Malesani, D.
name: Martín-Gordón, D.
name: Melandri, A.
name: Jelínek, M.
name: Bogdanov, O.
name: de la Rosa, N. Elias
name: Cerón, J. M. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report optical and near-infrared broad band observations of the short-duration GRB 050724 host galaxy, used to construct its spectral energy distribution (SED). Unlike the hosts of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), which show younger stellar populations, the SED of the GRB 050724 host galaxy is optimally fitted with a synthetic elliptical galaxy template based on an evolved stellar population (age ~2.6 Gyr). The SED of the host is difficult to reproduce with non-evolving metallicity templates. In contrast, if the short GRB host galaxy metallicity enrichment is considered, the synthetic templates fit the observed SED satisfactorily. The internal host extinction is low (A_v \~< 0.4 mag) so it cannot explain the faintness of the afterglow. This short GRB host galaxy is more massive (~5x10^10 Mo) and luminous (~1.1 L*) than most of the long-duration GRB hosts. A statistical comparison based on the ages of short- and long-duration GRB host galaxies strongly suggests that short-duration GRB hosts contain, on average, older progenitors. These findings support a different origin for short- and long-duration GRBs.
description: A&A in press
Prices vs. Quantities in Monopolistic Competition
Creators: name: Vetter, Henrik
name: Vetter, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In perfectly competitive markets taxes and quotas are fully equivalent measures for environmental protection. Based on this regulators' revealed preferences for quotas over that of fees finds its explanation in the procedures and spirits of political decision making. This paper offers another explanation: Ordinary welfare economic considerations make a quota preferable to a tax when regulating polluting firms in monopolistically competitive markets.
Studying star-forming processes at core and clump scales: the case of the young stellar object G29.862-0.0044
Creators: name: Areal, M. B.
name: Paron, S.
name: Fariña, C.
name: Ortega, M. E.
name: Peña, M. Celis
name: Rubio, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive molecular clumps fragment into cores where star formation takes place, hence star-forming studies should be done at different spatial scales. Using near-IR data obtained with Gemini, data of CH3OCHO and CH3CN from the ALMA database, observations of HCN, HNC, HCO+, and C2H carried out with ASTE, and CO data from public surveys, we perform a deep study of the YSO G29.86-0.004 at core and clump spatial scales. The near-IR emission shows two nebulosities separated by a dark lane, suggesting a typical disk-jets system, but highly asymmetric. They are likely produced by scattered light in cavities carved out by jets on an infalling envelope of material, which also present line emission of H2 and [FeII]. The presence of the complex molecular species observed with ALMA confirms that we are mapping a hot molecular core. The CH3CN emission concentrates at the position of the dark lane and it appears slightly elongated from southwest to northeast in agreement with the inclination of the system as observed at near-IR. The morphology of the CH3OCHO emission is more complex and extends along some filaments and concentrates in knots and clumps, mainly southwards the dark-lane, suggesting that the southern jet is encountering a dense region. The northern jet flows more freely, generating more extended features. This is in agreement with the red-shifted molecular outflow traced by the 12CO J=3-2 line extending towards the northwest and the lack of a blue-shifted outflow. This configuration can be explained by considering that the YSO is located at the furthest edge of the molecular clump along the line of sight, which is consistent with the position of the source in the cloud mapped in the C18O J=3-2 line. The detection of HCN, HNC, HCO+, and C2H allowed us to characterize the dense gas at clump scales, yielding results that are in agreement with the presence of a high-mass protostellar object.
description: Accepted to be published in A&A (July 13, 2020)
Spin structure and magnetic frustration in multiferroic RMn2O5 (R = Tb, Ho, Dy)
Creators: name: Blake, G. R.
name: Chapon, L. C.
name: Radaelli, P. G.
name: Park, S.
name: Hur, N.
name: Cheong, S-W.
name: Rodriguez-Carvajal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the crystal and magnetic structures of the magnetoelectric materials RMn2O5 (R = Tb, Ho, Dy) using neutron diffraction as a function of temperature. All three materials display incommensurate antiferromagnetic ordering below 40 K, becoming commensurate on further cooling. For R = Tb, Ho, a commensurate-incommensurate transition takes place at low temperatures. The commensurate magnetic structures have been solved and are discussed in terms of competing exchange interactions. The spin configuration within the ab plane is essentially the same for each system, and the radius of R determines the sign of the magnetic exchange between adjacent planes. The inherent magnetic frustration in these materials is lifted by a small lattice distortion, primarily involving shifts of the Mn3+ cations and giving rise to a canted antiferroelectric phase.
description: 23 pages
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Schübeler, Frederik Christian
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1860

description: Takker for pengestøtte til illustrasjonene av Schachts Grundriss der Anatomie
description: Brevet er undertegnet også av Peter Christen Asbjørnsen. Polydoc nr. 1: 4350. Polydoc nr. 2: 3445.
Statistical Properties of the Interbeat Interval Cascade in Human Subjects
Creators: name: Ghasemi, Fatemeh
name: Peinke, J.
name: Tabar, M. Reza Rahimi
name: Sahimi, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Statistical properties of interbeat intervals cascade are evaluated by considering the joint probability distribution $P(Δx_2,τ_2;Δx_1,τ_1)$ for two interbeat increments $Δx_1$ and $Δx_2$ of different time scales $τ_1$ and $τ_2$. We present evidence that the conditional probability distribution $P(Δx_2,τ_2|Δx_1,τ_1)$ may obey a Chapman-Kolmogorov equation. The corresponding Kramers-Moyal (KM) coefficients are evaluated. It is shown that while the first and second KM coefficients, i.e., the drift and diffusion coefficients, take on well-defined and significant values, the higher-order coefficients in the KM expansion are very small. As a result, the joint probability distributions of the increments in the interbeat intervals obey a Fokker-Planck equation. The method provides a novel technique for distinguishing the two classes of subjects in terms of the drift and diffusion coefficients, which behave differently for two classes of the subjects, namely, healthy subjects and those with congestive heart failure.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Cavity-QED determination of the natural linewidth of the $^{87}$Sr millihertz clock transition with 30$μ$Hz resolution
Creators: name: Muniz, Juan A.
name: Young, Dylan J.
name: Cline, Julia R. K.
name: Thompson, James K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for determining the intrinsic natural linewidth or lifetime of exceptionally long-lived optical excited states. Such transitions are key to the performance of state-of-the-art atomic clocks, have potential applications in searches for fundamental physics and gravitational wave detectors, as well as novel quantum many-body phenomena. With longer lifetime optical transitions, sensitivity is increased, but so far it has proved challenging to determine the natural lifetime of many of these long lived optical excited states because standard population decay detection techniques become experimentally difficult. Here, we determine the ratio of a poorly known ultranarrow linewidth transition ($^3$P$_0$ to $^1$S$_0$ in $^{87}$Sr) to that of another narrow well known transition ($^3$P$_1$ to $^1$S$_0$) by coupling the two transitions to a single optical cavity and performing interleaved nondestructive measurements of the interaction strengths of the atoms with cavity modes near each transition frequency. We use this approach to determine the natural linewidth of the clock transition $^3$P$_0$ to $^1$S$_0$ in $^{87}$Sr to be $γ_0/(2π) = 1.35(3)~$mHz or $τ= 118(3)~$s. The 30$~μ$Hz resolution implies that we could detect states with lifetimes just below 2 hours, and with straightforward future improvements, we could detect states with lifetimes up to 15 hours, using measurement trials that last only a few hundred milliseconds, eliminating the need for long storage times in optical potentials.
description: 6 pages main text, 14 pages SI
Influence of $NN$-rescattering effect on the photon asymmetry of $d(\vecγ,π^-)pp$ reaction
Creators: name: Darwish, Eed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of final-state $NN$-rescattering on the beam asymmetry $Σ$ for linearly polarized photons in $π^-$ photoproduction on the deuteron in the energy range from $π$-threshold through the $Δ$(1232)-resonance has been investigated. Numerical results for this spin observable are predicted and compared with recent experimental data from the LEGS Spin collaboration. Final-state $NN$-rescattering is found to be quite important and leads to a better agreement with existing experimental data. Furthermore, the differences with other theoretical models have been discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 ps figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B, 2005
European Cooperative Movement - Background and Common Denominators
Creators: name: Chloupkova, Jarka
name: Chloupkova, Jarka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Influenced by the legacy of command economies, the recent agricultural cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe is, compared to EU countries, marked by a different pattern. Based on simplified ownership incentive approach, this paper distinguishes between the fundamental features of communist, post-communist and democratic cooperatives. While in most Central and Eastern Europe there are more production cooperatives than marketing / supplying (secondary) cooperatives, in EU countries the ratio is reversed in favour of the secondary cooperatives. The more common utilisation of secondary cooperatives that enable a vertical integration might be one of many reasons for more competitive agricultural sector in the EU. Based on circumstantial historical evidence, and the influence of internal and external factors, this paper identifies three common steps that form pre-requisites to a successful cooperative development. The paper closes with noting that these three steps might not be directly applicable to the CEEC situation.
Landbrugspolitikkens okonomisk-teoretiske fundament
Creators: name: Kyed, Karsten
name: Kaergard, Niels
name: Zobbe, Henrik
name: Kyed, Karsten
name: Kaergard, Niels
name: Zobbe, Henrik
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: income problems
subject: multifunctionality
subject: landbrugspolitik
subject: indkomstproblemet
subject: multifunktionalitet

description: This paper discusses economic arguments for government intervention and support in agriculture. Two types of arguments seem plausible. The first one refers to the classical view that agriculture has a chronic income problem and therefore governments must intervene to ensure a fair income distribution between sectors. The second argument has something to do with the multifunctional role of agriculture and therefore government intervention and support can secure an production of collective goods and positive externalities. Both arguments are however problematic. Income support payments will be capitalized and benefit only the current owner of land. Payments based on multifunctionality will vary across countries due to different marginal utility and furthermore these payments will opposite the overall trend of decoupling agricultural support.
Aspects of WZW models at critical level
Creators: name: Bakas, I.
name: Sourdis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider non-compact WZW models at critical level (equal to the dual Coxeter number) as tensionless limits of gravitational backgrounds in string theory. Special emphasis is placed on the Euclidean black hole coset SL(2,R)_k/U(1) when k=2. In this limit gravity decouples in the form of a Liouville field with infinite background charge and the world-sheet symmetry of the model becomes a truncated version of W_\infty without Virasoro generator. This is regarded as manifestation of Langlands duality for the SL(2,R)_k current algebra that relates small with large values of the level in the two extreme limits. However, the physical interpretation of the SL(2,R)_k/U(1) coset model below the self-dual value k=3 remains elusive including the non-conformal theory at k=2.
description: 11 pages, contribution to the proceedings of 37th International Symposium Ahrenshoop (Berlin, 2004)
Destabilising Stabilisation Policy in a Dynamic Menu Cost Model
Creators: name: Hansen, Per Svejstrup
name: Hansen, Per Svejstrup
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: menu costs
subject: uncertainty
subject: (S,s)-rules
subject: monetary policy
subject: stabilisation

description: This paper analyses how systematic stabilisation policy by monetary authorities may change individual price adjustment decision. The model is a stochastic dynamic menu cost model that results in (S,s)-price rules where the price is fixed inside a band. The resulting price rigidity causes output to fluctuate, and hence there is room for stabilisation policy. This paper shows that such a policy might actually be destabilising in the sense that the zone of fixed prices widens, leading to larger output fluctuations. In fact, output can be completely stabilised by a policy that amplifies shocks.
Hemipristis Agassiz 1835
Creators: name: Cicimurri, David J.
name: Ebersole, Jun A.
name: Stringer, Gary L.
name: Starnes, James E.
name: Phillips, George E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Elasmobranchii
Carcharhiniformes
Hemigaleidae
Hemipristis

description: Genus Hemipristis Agassiz, 1835
Type species
Hemipristis serra Agassiz, 1835, Miocene, Germany.
description: Published as part of Cicimurri, David J., Ebersole, Jun A., Stringer, Gary L., Starnes, James E. & Phillips, George E., 2025, Late Oligocene fishes (Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes) from the Catahoula Formation in Wayne County, Mississippi, USA, pp. 1-131 in European Journal of Taxonomy 984 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.984.2851, http://zenodo.org/record/15126034
Additional file 2 of Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells improved core symptoms of genetically modified mouse model of autism Shank3B
Creators: name: Perets, N.
name: O. Oron
name: S. Herman
name: E. Elliott
name: D. Offen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. rtPCR for inflammatory markers shows no significant difference between the groups. A. TNFα B. IBA1 C. IL1. One-way ANOVA followed with Tukey’s post hoc was done for the rtPCR analysis. Data is presented as means Error bars represent the ±S.E.M.
Global Warming, Endogenous Risk and Irreversibility
Creators: name: Fisher, Anthony C.
name: Narain, Urvashi
name: Fisher, Anthony C.
name: Narain, Urvashi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper develops two-period analytical and numerical models to study the question: given a stock of greenhouse gases that poses a risk of future damages of unknown magnitude, and the possibility of learning about damages, how do sunk abatement capital and a nondegradable stock of greenhouse gases affect optimal first-period investment? We show that both affect investment, the former negatively and the latter positively. Additionally, endogenous risk--the risk of damages dependent on the stock of gases-- results in an increase in optimal investment for any level of capital "sunkness" or greenhouse gas degradability. Quantitatively, though, the effect of sunk capital is much stronger than the effect of greenhouse gas irreversibility or that of endogenous risk.
Heavy flavor production in p+p and d+Au collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV from single leptons over a wide kinematic range
Creators: name: Kwon, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured single electrons at midrapidity and single muons at forward and backward rapidities (1.2
description: Proceeding for Quark Matter 2005 parallel talk
Learning-by-Doing and the Choice of Technology: The Role of Patience
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Lee, In Ho
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Lee, In Ho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: learning-by-doing
subject: overtaking
subject: leapfrogging
subject: technology adoption
subject: economic growth

description: If agents learn-by-doing and are myopic, less advanced firms might adopt new technologies while more advanced firms stick with the old technology. This kind of overtaking can also occur if agents are forward looking and have high discount rates. However, overtaking never occurs if agents are sufficiently patient. A finite discount rate increases the set of states at which agents adopt new technologies, so more patient agents tend to upgrade their technology more frequently.
Forecasting China's Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Provincial Approach
Creators: name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Carson, Richard T.
name: Garin-Munoz, Teresa
name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Carson, Richard T.
name: Garin-Munoz, Teresa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Forecasts of Chinese carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are critical to any global agreement on mitigating possible global climate change. We provide such forecasts through 2050 using a reduced form model selected using a general to simple search strategy. These estimates are the first based upon provincial-level data (1985-2000). The model chosen by the information criterion is one that melds the standard approach taken in the science and engineering literature with the environmental Kuznets curve approach popular in the economics literature whereby per capita emissions can first rise and then fall with increases in income. Other aspects of the model allow for the possibility that the rate of technological change varies across provinces and the possibility of population density effects. We find statistical support for the presence of an inverted U shaped environmental Kuznets relationship with the projected turning point being not too far above Shanghai's current income level. Our model suggests lower estimates of CO2 emissions given similar GDP and population growth assumptions than those based on aggregate national level data such as the quasi-official Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimates. However, in contrast to conventional wisdom, uncertainty over demographic changes is likely to dominate uncertainty over changes in per capita GDP. It also predicts that province specific per capita emissions are likely to follow very different income/pollution trajectories. This in turn suggests that province specific policies to reduce CO2 emission levels may be desirable.
C$_\text{n}$TAB/Polystyrene Sulfonate Mixtures at Air-Water Interfaces: Effects of Alkyl Chain Length on Surface Activity and Charging State
Creators: name: Schulze-Zachau, Felix
name: Braunschweig, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binding and phase behavior of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes and surfactants were studied in aqueous bulk solutions and at air-water interfaces. In particular, we have investigated the polyanion poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) and the cationic surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C$_{12}$TAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C$_{14}$TAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C$_{16}$TAB). In order to reveal surfactant/polyelectrolyte binding, aggregation and phase separation of the mixtures, we have varied the NaPSS concentration systematically and have kept the surfactants concentration fixed. Information on the behavior in the bulk solution was gained by electrophoretic mobility and turbidity measurements, while the surface properties were interrogated with surface tension and sum-frequency generation (SFG). This has enabled us to relate bulk to interfacial properties with respect to the charging state and the surfactants' binding efficiency. We found that the latter two are strongly dependent on the alkyl chain length of the surfactant and that binding is much more efficient as the alkyl chain length of the surfactant increases. This also results in a different phase behavior as shown by turbidity measurements of the bulk solutions. Charge neutral aggregates that are forming in the bulk ad-sorb to the air-water interface, an effect that is likely caused by the increased hydrophobicity of C$_\text{n}$TAB/PSS complexes. This conclusion is corroborated by SFG spectroscopy, where we observe a decrease in the intensity of OH stretching bands, which is indicative for a decrease in surface charging and the formation of interfaces with negligible net charge. Particularly at mixing ratios that are in the equilibrium two-phase region, we observe weak OH intensities and thus surface charging.
description: Pre-edited final version, 27 pages, 4 figures, supporting information available upon request
Measuring Transactions Costs from Observed Behavior: Market Choice in Peru
Creators: name: Vakis, Renos
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Vakis, Renos
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: transactions costs
subject: market choice
subject: information

description: Farmers incur proportional and fixed transactions costs in selling their crops on markets. Using data for Peruvian potato farmers, we propose a method to measure these transactions costs. When opportunities exist to sell a crop on alternative markets, the observed choice of market can be used to infer a monetary measure of transactions costs in market participation. The market choice model is first estimated at the reduced form level with a conditional logit, as a function of variables that explain transactions costs. We then use these market choice equations to control for selection in predicting the idiosyncratic prices that would be received on all markets and the idiosyncratic proportional transactions costs that would be incurred to reach all markets. The net between the two gives us a measure of effective farm-level prices. This allows us to estimate a semi-structural conditional logit of the market choice model. In this model, the choice of market is a function of predicted effective farm-level prices, and of market information that accounts for fixed transactions costs. We can use the estimated coefficients to derive the price equivalence of the fixed cost due to information. We find that the information on market price that farmers receive from their neighbors reduces fixed transactions costs by the equivalent of doubling the price received, and is equal to four times the average transportation cost.
Filter design for small target detection on infrared imagery using normalized-cross-correlation layer
Creators: name: Demir, H. Seçkin
name: Akagunduz, Erdem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce a machine learning approach to the problem of infrared small target detection filter design. For this purpose, similarly to a convolutional layer of a neural network, the normalized-cross-correlational (NCC) layer, which we utilize for designing a target detection/recognition filter bank, is proposed. By employing the NCC layer in a neural network structure, we introduce a framework, in which supervised training is used to calculate the optimal filter shape and the optimum number of filters required for a specific target detection/recognition task on infrared images. We also propose the mean-absolute-deviation NCC (MAD-NCC) layer, an efficient implementation of the proposed NCC layer, designed especially for FPGA systems, in which square root operations are avoided for real-time computation. As a case study we work on dim-target detection on mid-wave infrared imagery and obtain the filters that can discriminate a dim target from various types of background clutter, specific to our operational concept.
Targeting and Calibrating Educational Grants for Greater Efficiency
Creators: name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: De Janvry, Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: Using grants programs to induce poor parents to send their children to school has received considerable attention as an instrument to break the inheritance of poverty. Yet, the cost of these programs tends to be quite high so that increasing their efficiency is an important issue that needs to be researched. We use the educational component of Progresa in Mexico to explore alternative targeting and calibrating schemes to achieve this purpose. We show that targeting on risk of non-enrollment instead of targeting on poverty, as currently done, would be implementable and create huge efficiency gains. To start with, this would concentrate grants on secondary school since attendance to primary school is virtually universal, saving 55% of the educational budget. Targeting the population most likely to drop out of school upon completing primary and allowing for variable transfers across beneficiaries would result in a 72% efficiency gain for that cohort over targeting on poverty and making uniform transfers by gender, reducing leakage cost from 85% to 53% of the budget. Even restricting transfers to be uniform across beneficiaries but set at the optimal level would achieve a 65% efficiency gain. However, to make the scheme easy to implement, only observable, transparent, and non-manipulable indicators of risk should be used and discrete levels of transfers offered. This would still result in a 53% efficiency gain over the current scheme.
Additional file 3 of Levobupivacaine inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of breast cancer cells by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway
Creators: name: Akosua Kotaa Kwakye
name: Sylvanus Kampo
name: Jiaxin Lv
name: Ramzan, Muhammad Noman
name: Seidu A. Richard
name: Aglais Arredondo Falagán
name: Agudogo, Jerry
name: Evans Atito-Narh
name: Yan, Qiu
name: Wen, Qing-Ping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3. Original gels/blots scan used in Fig. 1f, g; Fig. 2e, f and Fig. 3a, b for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.
Property Rights, Mobile Capital, and Comparative Advantage
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: imperfect property rights
subject: comparative advantage
subject: general equilibrium.

description: Recent papers use sector-specific factor models with mobile labor to show that imperfect property rights can be a source of comparative advantage. In these model, weaker property rights to the specific factor in a sector attract the mobile factor and increase the country's comparative advantage for that sector. If capital in addition to labor is mobile, and if the benefits of capital are non-excludable or if the degree of property rights is endogenous, a deterioration of property rights has ambiguous effects on comparative advantage. The presence of a second mobile factor also makes the relation between the equilibrium wage-rental ratio and the degree of property rights ambiguous.
Additional file 2 of The efficacy of ball blankets on insomnia in depression in outpatient clinics: study protocol for a randomized crossover multicentre trial
Creators: name: Kristiansen, Sanne Toft
name: Videbech, Poul
name: Bjerrum, Merete Bender
name: Larsen, Erik Roj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Sleep and medication diary.
Intersectoral Adjustment and Policy Intervention: the Importance of General Equilibrium Effects
Creators: name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Paul, Thierry
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Paul, Thierry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: adjustment costs
subject: dynamic policies
subject: time-inconsistency
subject: Markov perfection
subject: disadvantageous policy

description: We model adjustment costs in a general equilibrium setting using a "transport sector". This sector provides services needed to re-allocate a factor of production across two other sectors. A market imperfection in the transport sector causes adjustment to occur too slowly in the absence of government intervention. The government has a restricted menu of second best policies to remedy this imperfection. Given this restricted menu, the optimal policy choice depends on the government's ability to make commitments. The key to these results is our replacement of the black box of adjustment costs with an explicit model of these costs.
Electromechanical Imaging of Biological Systems with Sub-10 nm Resolution
Creators: name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
name: Rodriguez, B. J.
name: Jesse, S.
name: Thundat, T.
name: Gruverman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromechanical imaging of tooth dentin and enamel has been performed with sub-10 nm resolution using piezoresponse force microscopy. Characteristic piezoelectric domain size and local protein fiber ordering in dentin have been determined. The shape of a single collagen fibril in enamel is visualized in real space and local hysteresis loops are measured. Because of the ubiquitous presence of piezoelectricity in biological systems, this approach is expected to find broad application in high-resolution studies of a wide range of biomaterials.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted for publication in Appl. Phys. Lett
Image and sound : the visual strategies of ECM records
Creators: name: Holm, Erik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Commercial recordings - CDs, LPs - are familiar objects. However, discussion about them has often attempted to conceal the fact that, as communicating objects, recordings pose special problems due to the fact that they unite text, image, and sound in a material commodity. This thesis examines the role of the visual in the production, circulation and use of recordings. The album cover is the primary category of study, with an emphasis on its functioning in relation to the recording as a sonic and material commodity. The label ECM, a German company which has been producing recordings since 1969, provides the main focus in this analysis. The basis of this investigation lies in the questioning of the assumptions and categories that have historically guided the activity of cover design and the discourse about it. Traditionally, recordings have been understandably seen primarily as sound-carriers; their visual aspects, even when celebrated, are most often relegated to a peripheral status, despite the fact that in certain contexts the importance of the visual can overwhelm that of sound. The usual hierarchical opposition between these elements is here questioned through an examination of both the marketing of recordings and their circulation and use. ECM provides a pertinent case through which such questions can be elaborated. Its visual marketing strategies can be characterised in terms of a desire for difference. ECM's attempt to set itself apart has resulted in a "look" which rejects many conventions. It has also resulted in a complex, conceptual group of visual strategies. In its particular use of landscape photography, blank space, and gestural markings, ECM constructs ideas of space which relate to the potential for performativity and creativity. Through the combination of these strategies, the label deemphasises creative personality of the musical performer and emphasises the space occupied by the looker/listener. In doing this, it also questions the traditional boundaries between music and the visual. ECM's covers cause these categories to become indistinct and allow new conceptions of the recording as a material commodity to emerge. One effect of this is a construction of the apprehender's subjectivity that fails to fit within the marketplace's traditional categories. The thesis considers how the visual has been implicated in more concrete processes such as the negotiation of taste and practices of consumption and use. The niche that ECM attempts to carve out for itself is considered in relation to the tension in the marketplace between the desire for distinction and the recording as a massproduced commodity.
On the symplectic volume of the moduli space of Spherical and Euclidean polygons
Creators: name: Khoi, Vu The
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D30

description: In this paper, we study the symplectic volume of the moduli space of polygons by using Witten's formula. We propose to use this volume as a measure for the flexibility of a polygon with fixed side-lengths. The main result of our is that among all the Spherical and Euclidean polygons with fixed perimeter the regular one is the most flexible and that among all the spherical polygons the regular one with side-length $π/2$ is the most flexible.
98. Boyajian's star(s)
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Amongst Kepler's exoplanet discoveries was the curious KIC 8462852 (Boyajian's star), which displays an unusual lightcurve whose nature is still under debate, even in the context of being an interesting SETI target. I describe a search for other similar stars, and the surprising spatial clustering of some of the new candidates.