cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pebbles in an Embedded Protostellar Disk: The Case of CB26
Creators: name: Zhang, Chuan-Peng
name: Launhardt, Ralf
name: Liu, Yao
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Henning, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary cores are thought to form in proto-planetary disks via the growth of dusty solid material. However, it is unclear how early this process begins. We study the physical structure and grain growth in the edge-on disk that surrounds the ~1 Myr old low-mass (~0.55 Msun) protostar embedded in the Bok Globule CB26 to examine how much grain growth has already occurred in the protostellar phase. We combine the SED between 0.9 $μ$m and 6.4 cm with high angular resolution continuum maps at 1.3, 2.9, and 8.1 mm, and use the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D to conduct a detailed modelling of the dust emission from the disk and envelope of CB 26. We infer inner and outer disk radii of around 16 au and 172$\pm$22 au, respectively. The total gas mass in the disk is ~0.076 Msun, which amounts to ~14% of the mass of the central star. The inner disk contains a compact free-free emission region, which could be related to either a jet or a photoevaporation region. The thermal dust emission from the outer disk is optically thin at mm wavelengths, while the emission from the inner disk midplane is moderately optically thick. Our best-fit radiative transfer models indicate that the dust grains in the disk have already grown to pebbles with diameters of the order of 10 cm in size. Residual 8.1 mm emission suggests the presence of even larger particles in the inner disk. For the optically thin mm dust emission from the outer disk, we derive a mean opacity slope of 0.6$\pm$0.4, which is consistent with the presence of large dust grains. The presence of cm-sized bodies in the CB 26 disk indicates that solids grow rapidly already during the first million years in a protostellar disk. It is thus possible that Class II disks are already seeded with large particles and may contain even planetesimals.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 17 pages, 14 figures
Ultra-broadband acoustic ventilation barriers via hybrid-functional metasurfaces
Creators: name: Dong, Ruizhi
name: Mao, Dongxing
name: Wang, Xu
name: Li, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ventilation barriers allowing simultaneous sound blocking and free airflow passage are of great challenge but necessary for particular scenarios calling for sound-proofing ventilation. Previous works based on local resonance or Fano-like interference serve a narrow working range around the resonant or destructive-interference frequency. Efforts made on broadband designs show a limited bandwidth typically smaller than half an octave. Here, we theoretically design an ultra-broadband ventilation barrier via hybridizing dissipation and interference. Confirmed by experiments, the synergistic effect from our hybrid-functional metasurface significantly expand the scope of its working frequencies, leading to an effective blocking of more than 90% of incident energy in the range of 650-2000 Hz, while its structural thickness is only 53 mm $(\sim λ/ 10)$. Our design shows great flexibility in customizing the broadband and is capable of handling sound coming from various directions, which has potential in air-permeable yet sound-proofing applications.
Going for Gold: Globalizing the Olympics, Localizing the Games
Creators: name: Short, John Rennie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2003
Subjects: Summer Olympics
Games
National
Global
Coverage
IOC

description: This papers discusses the siting of the Summer Olympic Games at the global, national and local scales. The increasing coporatization of the Games is examined. Their use in city marketing campaigns is evaluated. The increasing competition between cities to host the Games is part of the growing competition between world cities for global spectacles.
title: Technology Selection for Big Data and Analytical Applications
Creators: name: Lehmann, Denis
name: Fekete, David
name: Vossen, Gottfried
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 004 Computer science
subject: 330 Economics

description: The term Big Data has become pervasive in recent years as smart phones, televisions, washing
machines, refrigerators, smart meters, diverse sensors, eyeglasses and even clothes connect
to the Internet. However, their generated data is worthless without information retrieval through
data analytics. As Big Data is too big for a single person to investigate, appropriate technologies
are being used. Unfortunately, there is not one solution but a large variety of different tools,
each of them with other functionalities, properties and characteristics. Especially small and midsized
companies have a hard time to keep track as this requires time, skills, money, and specific
knowledge which result in high entrance barriers for Big Data utilization. This papers aims to
reduce these barriers by explaining and structuring different classes of technologies and basic
criteria for proper technology selection. It proposes a framework that guides especially small and
mid-sized companies through a suitable selection process that can serve as a basis for further
advances.
description: Working Paper Sketch ..... 4
1 Introduction ..... 5
2 Layered Reference Framework ..... 6
2.1 Data Generation Layer ..... 8
2.2 Data Acquisition Layer ..... 8
2.3 Data Storage Layer ..... 9
2.4 Data Processing Layer ..... 11
2.5 Data Analytics Layer ..... 12
3 The S.T.A.D.T. Selection Framework ..... 14
3.1 Strategy ..... 15
3.2 Time ..... 17
3.3 Analytics ..... 18
3.4 Data ..... 19
3.5 Technology ..... 20
4 An Application Scenario ..... 21
4.1 ShopMart Scenario Characteristics ..... 22
4.2 Technology Selection Approach ..... 24
4.3 ShopMart Technology Selection ..... 26
4.4 Changing Requirements ..... 28
5 Conclusions ..... 29
References ..... 36
Localization and delocalization of light in photonic moire lattices
Creators: name: Wang, Peng
name: Zheng, Yuanlin
name: Chen, Xianfeng
name: Huang, Changming
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Torner, Lluis
name: Konotop, Vladimir V.
name: Ye, Fangwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moire lattices consist of two identical periodic structures overlaid with a relative rotation angle. Present even in everyday life, moire lattices have been also produced, e.g., with coupled graphene-hexagonal boron nitride monolayers, graphene-graphene layers, and layers on a silicon carbide surface.A fundamental question that remains unexplored is the evolution of waves in the potentials defined by the moire lattices. Here we experimentally create two-dimensional photonic moire lattices, which, unlike their material predecessors, have readily controllable parameters and symmetry allowing to explore transitions between structures with fundamentally different geometries: periodic, general aperiodic and quasi-crystal ones. Equipped with such realization, we observe localization of light in deterministic linear lattices. Such localization is based on at band physics, in contrast to previous schemes based on light difusion in optical quasicrystals,where disorder is required for the onset of Anderson localization. Using commensurable and incommensurable moire patterns, we report the first experimental demonstration of two-dimensional localization-delocalization-transition (LDT) of light. Moire lattices may feature almost arbitrary geometry that is consistent with the crystallographic symmetry groups of the sublattices, and therefore afford a powerful tool to control the properties of light patterns, to explore the physics of transitions between periodic and aperiodic phases, and two-dimensional wavepacket phenomena relevant to several areas of science.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Prevention of Pediatric Drug Calculation Errors by Pre-hospital Providers
Creators: name: Bernius, Morgen Juliette
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Health Sciences, Public Health (0573)
Pediatrics
EMS
Medical error

description: Context: Calculation of weight-based drug dosages for pediatric patients is a difficult process with significant potential for human error, and in the pre-hospital setting, few safeguards currently avert these inevitable pediatric drug administration errors. The objective of this study was to determine whether use of a protocol-specific pediatric code card can enable pre-hospital providers to calculate more consistently accurate weight-based drug dosages, volumes of administration, and age-appropriate endotracheal tube sizes.Methods: Questionnaires containing sample calculations of medication dosages, volumes, and endotracheal tube sizes were administered to pre-hospital providers from June to November of 2006. Half of the participants performed the calculations with the pediatric code card as an aid, and half without. Calculations of the aided and non-aided participants were compared for rate and extent of calculation errors. Results: The mean individual percentage of correct responses for the group unaided by the pediatric code card was 65%; for the group aided by the pediatric code card, it was 94% (percentage difference 29%, 95% CI 25-31%, p < 0.0001). Of the respondents in the unaided group, 23 % gave the correct endotracheal tube size, while 98% of those in the aided group calculated the correct size (percentage difference 75%, 95% CI 70-81%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: With the use of the pediatric code card, pre-hospital providers are better able consistently to determine accurate weight-based drug dosages, volumes of administration, and endotracheal tube sizes, although errors are not completely eliminated.
Exploring Edge Disentanglement for Node Classification
Creators: name: Zhao, Tianxiang
name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Wang, Suhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Edges in real-world graphs are typically formed by a variety of factors and carry diverse relation semantics. For example, connections in a social network could indicate friendship, being colleagues, or living in the same neighborhood. However, these latent factors are usually concealed behind mere edge existence due to the data collection and graph formation processes. Despite rapid developments in graph learning over these years, most models take a holistic approach and treat all edges as equal. One major difficulty in disentangling edges is the lack of explicit supervisions. In this work, with close examination of edge patterns, we propose three heuristics and design three corresponding pretext tasks to guide the automatic edge disentanglement. Concretely, these self-supervision tasks are enforced on a designed edge disentanglement module to be trained jointly with the downstream node classification task to encourage automatic edge disentanglement. Channels of the disentanglement module are expected to capture distinguishable relations and neighborhood interactions, and outputs from them are aggregated as node representations. The proposed DisGNN is easy to be incorporated with various neural architectures, and we conduct experiments on $6$ real-world datasets. Empirical results show that it can achieve significant performance gains.
description: Accepted to The Web Conference (WWW) 2022
Report on outcomes of the field trials in Kifisos
Creators: name: Athanasios Chaldeakis, Iouliani Theona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this deliverable is to describe the outputs from the organisation of the citizen science field campaigns in Kifisos river basin in Attica, Greece, consisting one of the large-scale demonstrations areas where the SCENT toolbox was validated. It describes in detail different aspects regarding the organization and execution of the field campaigns, an overview of the citizen generated data, the feedback received from the participants and the evaluation of the overall campaign experience whilst concludes with recommendations to support the design and realization of such activities.
Transverse target-spin asymmetry associated with DVCS on the proton and a resulting model-dependent constraint on the total angular momentum of quarks in the nucleon
Creators: name: Ye, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are reported on the transverse target-spin asymmetry associated with deeply virtual Compton scattering on the proton, extracted from the data accumulated by the HERMES experiment in the years 2002-2004. By comparing the HERMES results and theoretical predications based on a phenomenological model of generalized parton distributions, a model-dependent constraint on the total angular momentum carried by quarks in the nucleon is obtained.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the XIV International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS2006), April 20th - 24th 2006, Tsukuba, Japan
General two-order-parameter Ginzburg-Landau model with quadratic and quartic interactions
Creators: name: Ivanov, I. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ginzburg-Landau model with two order parameters appears in many condensed-matter problems. However, even for scalar order parameters, the most general U(1)-symmetric Landau potential with all quadratic and quartic terms contains 13 independent coefficients and cannot be minimized with straightforward algebra. Here, we develop a geometric approach that circumvents this computational difficulty and allows one to study properties of the model without knowing the exact position of the minimum. In particular, we find the number of minima of the potential, classify explicit symmetries possible in this model, establish conditions when and how these symmetries are spontaneously broken, and explicitly describe the phase diagram.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures; v2: added additional clarifications and a discussion on how this method differs from the MIB-approach
Database Generation for Deep Learning Inversion of 2.5D Borehole Electromagnetic Measurements using Refined Isogeometric Analysis
Creators: name: Hashemian, Ali
name: Garcia, Daniel
name: Rivera, Jon Ander
name: Pardo, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Borehole resistivity measurements are routinely inverted in real-time during geosteering operations. The inversion process can be efficiently performed with the help of advanced artificial intelligence algorithms such as deep learning. These methods require a large dataset that relates multiple earth models with the corresponding borehole resistivity measurements. In here, we propose to use an advanced numerical method --refined isogeometric analysis (rIGA)-- to perform rapid and accurate 2.5D simulations and generate databases when considering arbitrary 2D earth models. Numerical results show that we can generate a meaningful synthetic database composed of 100,000 earth models with the corresponding measurements in 56 hours using a workstation equipped with two CPUs.
LOFAR properties of SILVERRUSH Ly$α$ emitter candidates in the ELAIS-N1 field
Creators: name: Gloudemans, A. J.
name: Duncan, K. J.
name: Kondapally, R.
name: Sabater, J.
name: Cochrane, R. K.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Best, P. N.
name: Bonato, M.
name: Bondi, M.
name: Malek, K.
name: McCheyne, I.
name: Smith, D. J. B.
name: Prandoni, I.
name: Wang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lyman alpha emitters (LAEs) in the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) offer valuable probes of early galaxy evolution and the process of reionization; however, the exact evolution of their abundance and the nature of their emission remain open questions. We combine samples of 229 and 349 LAE candidates at $z=5.7$ and $z=6.6,$ respectively, from the SILVERRUSH narrowband survey with deep Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio continuum observations in the ELAIS-N1 field to search for radio galaxies in the EoR and study the low-frequency radio properties of $z\gtrsim5.7$ LAE emitters. Our LOFAR observations reach an unprecedented noise level of $\sim20\,μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at 150MHz, and we detect five candidate LAEs at $>5σ$ significance. Based on detailed spectral energy distribution modelling of independent multi-wavelength observations, we conclude that these sources are likely [OII] emitters at $z=1.47$, yielding no reliable $z\gtrsim5.7$ radio galaxy candidates. We examine the 111 $z=5.7$ and $z=6.6$ LAE candidates from our panchromatic photometry catalogue that are undetected by LOFAR, finding contamination rates of 81-92% for the $z=5.7$ and $z=6.6$ subset of the LAE candidate samples. This subset is biased towards brighter magnitudes and redder near-infrared colours. The contamination rates of the full sample will therefore likely be lower than the reported values. Contamination is lowered significantly through constraints on the near-infrared colours, highlighting the need for infrared observations to robustly identify bright LAEs in narrowband surveys. Finally, the stacking of radio continuum observations for the robust LAE samples yields 2$σ$ upper limits on radio luminosity of 8.2$\times$10$^{23}$ and 8.7$\times$10$^{23}$ W Hz$^{-1}$ at $z=5.7$ and $6.6$, respectively, corresponding to limits on their median star-formation rates of $
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A. The abstract is abridged. This paper is part of the 1st data release of the LoTSS Deep Fields
Manufacturing Australian foreign policy 1950 - 1966
Creators: name: Henry, Adam
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: DU117.18.H46 2012
subject: Australia Foreign relations 1945-
subject: Australia Politics and government 1945-

description: The transition from the liberal foreign policy approach of the Chifley Labor Government to the more strident anti-communism of the conservative Menzies Government after 1949 is a significant event in 20th Century Australian history. During the period 1950-1966 the Menzies Government faced a range of challenges such as relations with the USA, responses to the USSR and China and the question of Indonesia and decolonisation in post-war Southeast Asia. In response the Menzies Government developed new foreign policies, encouraged a particular style of diplomacy and helped to establish a new Cold War attitude towards Australian international affairs. In the 1950s, the Cold War, the United Nations (UN) and the establishment of new overseas diplomatic missions (particularly in Asia) placed growing administrative and bureaucratic demands on the machinery of Australian diplomacy. From the mid 1950s the Department of External Affairs (DEA) was restructured in order to meet such demands. This process allowed the Department to establish what were considered to be the defining characteristics and attitudes of a new professional Australian diplomacy. The selection and training of new diplomatic recruits is one such area in which this occurred. This period saw growing interest from politicians, diplomats and academics for developing new types of foreign policy analysis about communism in South East Asia, or the Cold War in general. While some networks between politics, bureaucracy and academia linked to foreign policy analysis had existed in the 1930s and 1940s, from the 1950s new and more powerful relationships were being established. Various academics, many from the Australian Institute of International Affairs (AlIA) and the Australian National University (ANU) forged close and ongoing contacts with the DEA. The relationships between small groups of key individuals and institutions ultimately wielded significant influence on issues such as the Cold War and Australian foreign policy debates. By the 1960s this small foreign policy network had built a vital relationship with the Ford Foundation of New York. This relationship certainly helped to define dominant attitudes towards Australian foreign policy debates. The ANU, AIIA, DEA and Ford Foundation network established a style of foreign policy analysis that was openly (or at least cautiously) sympathetic to the policies of Canberra and Washington often accepting the official justifications at face value.
Well-Centered Triangulation
Creators: name: VanderZee, Evan
name: Hirani, Anil N.
name: Guoy, Damrong
name: Ramos, Edgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.3.5

description: Meshes composed of well-centered simplices have nice orthogonal dual meshes (the dual Voronoi diagram). This is useful for certain numerical algorithms that prefer such primal-dual mesh pairs. We prove that well-centered meshes also have optimality properties and relationships to Delaunay and minmax angle triangulations. We present an iterative algorithm that seeks to transform a given triangulation in two or three dimensions into a well-centered one by minimizing a cost function and moving the interior vertices while keeping the mesh connectivity and boundary vertices fixed. The cost function is a direct result of a new characterization of well-centeredness in arbitrary dimensions that we present. Ours is the first optimization-based heuristic for well-centeredness, and the first one that applies in both two and three dimensions. We show the results of applying our algorithm to small and large two-dimensional meshes, some with a complex boundary, and obtain a well-centered tetrahedralization of the cube. We also show numerical evidence that our algorithm preserves gradation and that it improves the maximum and minimum angles of acute triangulations created by the best known previous method.
description: Content has been added to experimental results section. Significant edits in introduction and in summary of current and previous results. Minor edits elsewhere
COVID-19: Is reinfection possible?
Creators: name: Costa, Aratã Oliveira Cortez
name: De Carvalho Aragão Neto, Humberto
name: Lopes Nunes, Ana Paula
name: Dias De Castro, Ricardo
name: Nóbrega De Almeida, Reinaldo
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2021
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
pandemic
reinfection
recurrence
recover

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly in many countries, overburdening health systems and causing numerous economic and social impacts. Most studies on the subject have focused on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, however, there remains a scientific gap concerning the possibility of reinfection. The purpose of this bibliographic review is to gather information from studies aimed at this possibility, and to clarify what we know so far. It was found that in many situations cured patients are being released from hospitals, however, in some cases, the discharge criteria are not effective. Patients are presenting positive RT-PCR tests. There are several factors that might interfere so that patients cured of COVID-19 continue to test positive, and this would not necessarily represent a case of recurrence, as the test cannot differentiate the viral RNA from the complete virus, which alone is capable of causing the active infection. This review demonstrates that in order to rule out the possibility of COVID-19 reinfection in cured patients, more robust methods need to be adopted as criteria for both clinical discharge and post-hospital follow-up.
description: EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc522; ISSN 1611-2156
Thai EFL Online Diaries: Literacy Practice and Self-Expression
Creators: name: Meechai, Jiraporn
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community of Practice
Discourse
English as a foreign language (EFL)
Multiliteracies
Online diary
Thai

description: This dissertation aims to expand the definition of literacy beyond its usual text and school-based practice.  It studies the online diary as a sociocultural and literacy practice that allows people from various languages and cultures to share their personal experiences and values.  The participants are five Thai English as foreign language (EFL) learners who voluntarily join in the English-oriented online diary community in order to gain exposure to an implicit language learning environment.  In this environment, meaning is drawn from textual, audio and visual tools within specific contexts and social groups. The results of the study reveal that all five participants become apprentices of the English literate community by conforming to the social norms and constructing their identity for the purpose of being socially recognized by other members.  At the same time, they also maintain traditional values within self and bring these values into the new community as one part of their identity.  Due to its culturally diverse community, the online diary provides EFL learners the opportunity to interact with authentic readers from different cultures, including both native and non-native speakers of English.  Students become aware of how people from different parts of the world write their personal stories and what they value in life and in their culture. The fact that the online diary community provides diarists with freedom from obligation, freedom of choice of topic and style, and freedom from judgment, means that they can more easily overcome the constraints that come from themselves and other's criticisms, which are often central in the classroom.  The frequent writing and continual engagement in the community enhance the diarists' English proficiency.  This, in turn, empowers them to write more reflective and longer entries.  When language proficiency and confidence increase, EFL diarists show that they can both write on topics beyond the narrative of self and in different genres using a more standard style, if needed. This study concludes with a discussion on why literacies should be viewed as socioculturally situated activity and how this might affect EFL pedagogy.  The implications of the online diary for EFL teaching and its challenges are also discussed.
SPEAKING OF THE ENVIRONMENT: INCORPORATING CULTURAL VIEWS OF NATURE INTO AN ESOL EDUCATION PROGRAM
Creators: name: Edmonds, Lori Margaret
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: Education, Bilingual and Multicultural (0282)
Education, Secondary (0533)
environment
Funds of Knowledge
Content-based instruction
place-based education
experiential learning

description: This study investigated the use of Sustained Content-Based Instruction fused with a Funds of Knowledge Approach (Gonzalez, Moll, & Amanti, 2005) to promote students' awareness of their connection to the environment, to improve students' self-perceptions, and to teach English language skills. Ethnographic discourse analysis was used to examine the possible effects of student participation in an after-school program for urban high-school English language learners (ELLs). This program focused on water-related activities designed to engage students, improve the environment, provide content for teaching English, and help create an ethnically diverse environmental community.
Opacity in the upper atmospheres of active stars II. AD Leonis
Creators: name: Christian, D. J.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Bloomfield, D. S.
name: Dupuis, J.
name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Pollacco, D. L.
name: Malina, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present FUV and UV spectroscopic observations of AD Leonis, with the aim of investigating opacity effects in the transition regions of late-type stars. The C III lines in FUSE spectra show significant opacity during both the quiescent and flaring states of AD Leonis, with up to 30% of the expected flux being lost during the latter. Other FUSE emission lines tested for opacity include those of O VI, while C IV, Si IV and N V transitions observed with STIS are also investigated. These lines only reveal modest amounts of opacity with losses during flaring of up to 20%. Optical depths have been calculated for homogeneous and inhomogeneous geometries, giving path lengths of ~20-60 km and \~10-30 km, respectively, under quiescent conditions. However path lengths derived during flaring are ~2-3 times larger. These values are in excellent agreement with both estimates of the small-scale structure observed in the solar transition region, and path lengths derived previously for several other active late-type stars.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 4 Tabels, accepted A&A
Probing the Meta-Stability of Oxide Core/Shell Nanoparticle Systems at Atomic Resolution
Creators: name: Roldana, Manuel A.
name: Mayence, Arnaud
name: López-Ortega, Alberto
name: Ishikawa, Ryo
name: Salafranca, Juan
name: Estrader, Marta
name: Salazar-Alvarez, German
name: Baró, M. Dolors
name: Nogués, Josep
name: Pennycook, Stephen J.
name: Varelaa, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid nanoparticles allow exploiting the interplay of confinement, proximity between different materials and interfacial effects. However, to harness their properties an in-depth understanding of their (meta)stability and interfacial characteristics is crucial. This is especially the case of nanosystems based on functional oxides working under reducing conditions, which may severely impact their properties. In this work, the in-situ electron-induced selective reduction of Mn3O4 to MnO is studied in magnetic Fe3O4/Mn3O4 and Mn3O4/Fe3O4 core/shell nanoparticles by means of high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Such in-situ transformation allows mimicking the actual processes in operando environments. A multi-stage image analysis using geometric phase analysis combined with particle image velocity enables direct monitoring of the relationship between structure, chemical composition and strain relaxation during the Mn3O4 reduction. In the case of Fe3O4/Mn3O4 core/shell the transformation occurs smoothly without the formation of defects. However, for the inverse Mn3O4/Fe3O4 core/shell configuration the electron beam-induced transformation occurs in different stages that include redox reactions and void formation followed by strain field relaxation via formation of defects. This study highlights the relevance of understanding the local dynamics responsible for changes in the particle composition in order to control stability and, ultimately, macroscopic functionality.
Metropolitan USA: Evidence from the 2010 Census
Creators: name: Short, John Rennie
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2012
Subjects: Population
Growth
Suburbs
Metropolitan

description: I will review the major changes in the distribution of the metropolitan population of the United States (US), as revealed by the 2010 data recently released by the US Census. These data allow us to track recent changes and provide the basis for a discussion of longer-term trends identified in previous studies of US cities (Short 2006, 2007) and the city suburban nexus (Hanlon et al. 2010). In brief summary, the paper will show the continuing metropolitanization and suburbanization of the US population. A more nuanced picture will reveal evidence of stress in suburban areas and population resurgence in selected central city areas. Overall, the story is one of a profound revalorization and a major respatialization of the US metropolis.
GC-MS/ SPME analysis and FTIR-ATR spectroscopy as a tool for unifloral common Greek honeys botanical origin identification.
Creators: name: Xagoraris, Marinos
name: Panagiota- Kyriaki Revelou
name: Dedegkika, Stela
name: Charalabos D. Kanakis
name: Papadopoulos, George K.
name: Pappas, Christos S.
name: Tarantilis, Petros A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: honey
botanical origin
unifloral
authentication
volatile compounds
GS-MS/SPME
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

description: Supplementary Table 1. Results of physicochemical analysis.
 Supplementary Table 2. Results of melissopalynological analysis.
 Supplementary Table 3. Results of volatile compounds isolated from the headspace of fir, thyme, pine and citrus honeys.
A magnetic analog of the isotope effect in cuprates
Creators: name: Ofer, Rinat
name: Bazalitsky, Galina
name: Kanigel, Amit
name: Keren, Amit
name: Auerbach, Assa
name: Lord, James S.
name: Amato, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extensive magnetic measurements of the (Ca_xLa_{1-x})(Ba_{1.75-x}La_{0.25+x})Cu_{3}O_{y} (CLBLCO) system with its four different families (x) having a Tc^max(x) variation of 28% and minimal structural changes. For each family we measured the Neel temperature, the anisotropies of the magnetic interactions, and the spin glass temperature. Our results exhibit a universal relation Tc=c*J*n_s for all families, where c~1, J is the in plane Heisenberg exchange, and n_s is the carrier density. This relates cuprate superconductivity to magnetism in the same sense that phonon mediated superconductivity is related to atomic mass.
description: With an additional inset in Fig.4
Native and Non-native English Speaking Tutors' Feedback on College-level ESL Student Writing
Creators: name: Park, Sunyoung
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: EFL writing education
Oral feedback on ESL students' writing
Strengths of NESTs (native English speaking teachers) and NNESTs (non-native English speaking teachers)
Students' perceptions for NESTs and NNESTs
tutor-student interaction
Writing conference
Education, Teacher Training (0530)
Education, Bilingual and Multicultural (0282)

description: Previous research has documented perceived strengths and potential of non-native English speaking teachers (NNESTs) as teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL). However, few studies have examined relative strengths of native English speaking teachers (NESTs) and NNESTs through one-on-one writing conferences. This thesis attempts to investigate the unique strengths of NESTs and NNESTs during writing conferences. Four Korean intermediate ESL students and four ESL tutors (two American tutors and two Korean tutors) served as participants. Two of the students were each paired with a NEST (an American English tutor) and two each with a NNEST (a Korean English tutor) to have three individual writing conferences over a semester. The conferences were audio-recorded and interviews were conducted with each of the tutors and the students to gain insights into their reflections about the conferences.  Contrary to a widespread belief that NESTs are more qualified than NNESTs, the NNESTs in this study demonstrated  that they may be superior to NESTs when explaining grammatical rules and language learning strategies, empathizing with students, and persisting in their work with language learners. The NESTs, on the other hand, were superior to NNESTs when providing students with compliments for their efforts and utilizing student-centered teaching techniques to help them write independently. The student interviews showed that they were cognizant of the relative strengths of the NESTs and NNESTs. For example, they preferred NESTs when learning speaking and listening skills and NNESTs when learning about writing, grammar, and learning strategies. This study argues for a collaborative teaching arrangement with a good balance of NESTs and NNESTs to provide students with the optimum learning environment.
Resolving closely spaced levels for Doppler mismatched double resonance
Creators: name: Nyakang'o, Elijah Ogaro
name: Pandey, Kanhaiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present experimental techniques to resolve the closely spaced hyperfine levels of a weak transition by eliminating the residual/partial two-photon Doppler broadening and cross-over resonances in a wavelength mismatched double resonance spectroscopy. The elimination of the partial Doppler broadening is based on velocity induced population oscillation (VIPO) and velocity selective saturation (VSS) effect followed by the subtraction of the broad background of the two-photon spectrum. Since the VIPO and VSS effect are the phenomena for near zero velocity group atoms, the subtraction gives rise to Doppler-free peaks and the closely spaced hyperfine levels of the $6\text{P}_{3/2}$ state in Rb are well resolved. The double resonance experiment is conducted on $5\text{S}_{1/2}\rightarrow5\text{P}_{3/2}$ strong transition (at 780~nm) and $5\text{S}_{1/2}\rightarrow6\text{P}_{3/2}$ weak transition (at 420~nm) at room temperature.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures
Effective Field Theory for Heavy Vector Resonances Coupled to the Standard Model
Creators: name: Heiles, Mathias
name: König, Matthias
name: Neubert, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an effective field theory describing the decays of a heavy vector resonance $V$ into Standard Model particles. The effective theory is built using an extension of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory called SCET$_{\rm BSM}$, which provides a rigorous framework for parameterizing decay matrix elements with manifest power counting in the ratio of the electroweak scale and the mass of the resonance, $λ\sim v/m_V$. Using the renormalization-group evolution of the couplings in the effective Lagrangian, large logarithms associated with this scale ratio can be resummed to all orders. We consider in detail the two-body decays of a heavy $Z'$ boson and of a Kaluza-Klein gluon at leading and subleading order in $λ$. We illustrate the matching onto SCET$_{\rm BSM}$ with a concrete example of a UV-complete new-physics model.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures, 2 appendices
Plasma amino acids in major depressive disorder: between pathology to pharmacology
Creators: name: Gammoh, Omar
name: Aljabali,
name: Tambuwala, Murtaza M.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2024
Subjects: major depressive disorder (MDD)
plasma amino acids
pathophysiology
biomarkers
tryptophan metabolism

description: Addressing the formidable challenge posed by the development of effective and personalized interventions for major depressive disorder (MDD) necessitates a comprehensive comprehension of the intricate role that plasma amino acids play and their implications in MDD pathology and pharmacology. Amino acids, owing to their indispensable functions in neurotransmission, metabolism, and immune regulation, emerge as pivotal entities in this intricate disorder. Our primary objective entails unraveling the underlying mechanisms and unveiling tailored treatments through a meticulous investigation into the interplay between plasma amino acids, MDD, and pharmacological strategies. By conducting a thorough and exhaustive review of the existing literature, we have identified pertinent studies on plasma amino acids in MDD, thereby uncovering noteworthy disturbances in the profiles of amino acids among individuals afflicted by MDD when compared to their healthy counterparts. Specifically, disruptions in the metabolism of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, which serve as precursors to essential neurotransmitters, have emerged as prospective biomarkers and critical contributors to the pathophysiology of depression. Amnio acids play an essential role in MDD and could represent an attractive pharmacological target, more studies are further required to fully reveal their underlying mechanisms.
description: EXCLI Journal; 23:Doc62; ISSN 1611-2156
English as a second language learners' perceptions of different varieties of English
Creators: name: Renoud, Christina
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2007
Subjects: accent
perceptual dialectology
English as a second language (ESL)
American English
Indian English
comprehensibility
Education, Language and Literature (0279)
Language, Linguistics (0290)

description: Language attitudes color listeners' perceptions of speakers and language varieties.  Speakers of standard varieties are often valued while speakers of non-standard varieties are often disparaged because of their speech.  Previous research has extensively documented native English speakers' attitudes toward the non-standard and non-native English varieties students might encounter in American higher education; however, few studies have examined listeners' perceptions of World Englishes, and even fewer have utilized an all-English as a Second Language (ESL) sample.  Thirty-one ESL students in two college ESL programs listened to two short texts read by a Standard American English (SAE) speaker and a Standard Indian English (SIE) speaker and rated each speaker's perceived accentedness, comprehensibility, friendliness, attractiveness, education, wealth, and professional desirability.  Additionally, the listeners indicated the speakers' professions and answered three comprehension questions about each text's content.  The results confirm that speaker accent influences listener perceptions:  the SAE speaker is more highly rated than the SIE speaker on measures of perceived accentedness, perceived comprehensibility, education, attractiveness, wealth, professional desirability, and job attainment.  Ratings of perceived accentedness, perceived comprehensibility, and actual comprehension are not significantly different, suggesting that a strong perceived accent and reduced perceived comprehensibility does not affect actual listener comprehension.  This study suggests the need for more research on the relationship between perceived accentedness, perceived comprehensibility, and actual comprehension.  In finding that ESL students harbor traditional views of English, this study also suggests the need for further development of programs focusing on English's linguistic diversity to combat linguistic stereotypes and standard language ideologies.
Simulations of core convection in rotating A-type stars: Magnetic dynamo action
Creators: name: Brun, Allan Sacha
name: Browning, Matthew K.
name: Toomre, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Core convection and dynamo activity deep within rotating A-type stars of 2 solar masses are studied with 3--D nonlinear simulations. Our modeling considers the inner 30% by radius of such stars, thus capturing within a spherical domain the convective core and a modest portion of the surrounding radiative envelope. The MHD equations are solved using the ASH code to examine turbulent flows and magnetic fields, both of which exhibit intricate time dependence. By introducing small seed magnetic fields into our progenitor hydrodynamic models rotating at one and four times the solar rate, we assess here how the vigorous convection can amplify those fields and sustain them against ohmic decay. Dynamo action is indeed realized, ultimately yielding magnetic fields that are in energy equipartion with the flow. Such magnetism reduces the differential rotation obtained in the progenitors, partly by Maxwell stresses that transport angular momentum poleward and oppose the Reynolds stresses in the latitudinal balance. In contrast, in the radial direction we find that the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses may act together to transport angular momentum. The central columns of slow rotation established in the progenitors are weakened, with the differential rotation waxing and waning in strength as the simulations evolve. We assess the morphology of the flows and magnetic fields, their complex temporal variations, and the manner in which dynamo action is sustained. Differential rotation and helical convection are both found to play roles in giving rise to the magnetic fields. The magnetism is dominated by strong fluctuating fields throughout the core, with the axisymmetric (mean) fields there relatively weak.
description: 58 pages (ApJ refereeing format), 20 figures (low res), published in ApJ August 2005 (abstract slightly modified to fit in 24 lines limit)
Interaction induced doublons and embedded topological subspace in a complete flat-band system
Creators: name: Kuno, Yoshihito
name: Mizoguchi, Tomonari
name: Hatsugai, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate effects of weak interactions on a bosonic complete flat-band system. By employing a band projection method, the flat-band Hamiltonian with weak interactions is mapped to an effective Hamiltonian. The effective Hamiltonian indicates that doublons behave as well-defined quasi-particles, which acquire itinerancy through the hopping induced by interactions. When we focus on a two-particle system, from the effective Hamiltonian, an effective subspace spanned only by doublon bases emerges. The effective subspace induces spreading of a single doublon and we find an interesting property: The dynamics of a single doublon keeps short-range density-density correlation in sharp contrast to a conventional two-particle spreading. Furthermore, when introducing a modulated weak interaction, we find an interaction induced topological subspace embedded in the full Hilbert space. We elucidate the embedded topological subspace by observing the dynamics of a single doublon, and show that the embedded topological subspace possesses a bulk topological invariant. We further expect that for the system with open boundary the embedded topological subspace has an interaction induced topological edge mode described by the doublon. The bulk--edge--correspondence holds even for the embedded topological subspace.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Future Directions in Astronomy Visualisation
Creators: name: Fluke, C. J.
name: Bourke, P. D.
name: O'Donovan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the large budgets spent annually on astronomical research equipment such as telescopes, instruments and supercomputers, the general trend is to analyse and view the resulting datasets using small, two-dimensional displays. We report here on alternative advanced image displays, with an emphasis on displays that we have constructed, including stereoscopic projection, multiple projector tiled displays and a digital dome. These displays can provide astronomers with new ways of exploring the terabyte and petabyte datasets that are now regularly being produced from all-sky surveys, high-resolution computer simulations, and Virtual Observatory projects. We also present a summary of the Advanced Image Displays for Astronomy (AIDA) survey which we conducted from March-May 2005, in order to raise some issues pertitent to the current and future level of use of advanced image displays.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PASA