cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Women in Primary and Secondary Education Administration: Navigating Spheres of Subordination
Creators: Harrison, Adam D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Women's studies

description: While women maintain an overwhelming majority of teaching positions at the primary and secondary levels, their presence in administrative roles is extremely underrepresented. Many scholars have identified barriers-to-entry for women to enter these positions of power. Though my research touches on these issues, the overall goal of this article is to better understand the lived subordination of women who have already attained administrative positions, and in what ways they combat it. I interviewed four women in Wynberg Community Schools who shed light on the discrimination that is both blatant and overt, however rampant. In exploring this qualitative research, an enhanced and more personal understanding of how marginalization has affected these women, can be showcased. My conclusions aim to set a better environment for women in the education workplace, by highlighting the way gender functions in school administration. By discussing these issues widely, changing the way language is used, positively encouraging women to apply to positions of power, supporting women in those positions of power, and given women spaces to thrive, it is certain that the education system will be much more diverse, nuanced, and conducive to equality.
All secant varieties of the Chow variety are nondefective for cubics and quaternary forms
Creators: name: Torrance, Douglas A.
name: Vannieuwenhoven, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C20, 14N05, 14Q15, 14Q20, 15A69, 15A72

description: The Chow rank of a form is the length of its smallest decomposition into a sum of products of linear forms. For a generic form, this corresponds to finding the smallest secant variety of the Chow variety which fills the ambient space. We determine the Chow rank of generic cubics and quaternary forms by proving nondefectivity of all involved secant varieties. The main new ingredient in our proof is the generalization of a technique by [Brambilla and Ottaviani, On the Alexander--Hirschowitz theorem, J. Pure Appl. Algebra, 2008] that consists of employing Terracini's lemma and Newton's backward difference formula to compute the dimensions of secant varieties of arbitrary projective varieties. Via this inductive construction, the proof of nondefectivity ultimately reduces to proving a number of base cases. These are settled via a computer-assisted proof because of the large dimensions of the spaces involved. The largest base case required in our proof consisted of computing the dimension of a vector space constructed from the $400$th secant variety of a degree-$82$ Chow variety embedded in $\mathbb{P}^{98769}$.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
ADHD in context: Young adults’ reports of the impact of occupational environment on the manifestation of ADHD
Creators: name: Swanson, James M.
name: Hinshaw, Stephen P.
name: Hechtman, Lily
name: Weisner, Thomas S.
name: Lasky, Arielle K.
name: Jensen, Peter S.
name: W. Murray, Desiree
name: Arnold, L. Eugene
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Does changing context play a role in the decline in ADHD symptoms in adulthood? Insufficient research has explored the functioning of adults with ADHD. As adults, individuals with ADHD have significantly more latitude to control aspects of their day-to-day environments. Do the new contexts young adults find themselves in alter their experience of ADHD? Are there particular occupational or educational contexts in which young adults report functioning better than others?
High spin states of $^{204}$At: isomeric states and shears band structure
Creators: name: Kanjilal, D.
name: Dey, S. K.
name: Bhattacharjee, S. S.
name: Bisoi, A.
name: Das, M.
name: Dey, C. C.
name: Nag, S.
name: Palit, R.
name: Ray, S.
name: Saha, S.
name: Sethi, J.
name: Saha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-spin states of neutron deficient Trans-Lead nucleus $^{204}$At were populated up to $\sim 8\,{\rm MeV}$ excitation through the $^{12}$C + $^{197}$Au fusion evaporation reaction. Decay of the associated levels through prompt and delayed $γ$-ray emissions were studied to evaluate the underlying nuclear structure. The level scheme, which was partly known, was extended further. An isomeric $16^+$ level with observed lifetime $τ=52 \pm 5\, {\rm ns}$, was established from our measurements. Attempts were made to interpret the excited states based on multi quasiparticle and hole structures involving $2f_{5/2}$, $1h_{9/2}$, and $1i_{13/2}$ shell model states, along with moderate core excitation. Magnetic dipole band structure over the spin parity range:~$16^+ - 23^+$ was confirmed and evaluated in more detail, including the missing cross-over $E2$ transitions. Band-crossing along the shears band was observed and compared with the evidence of similar phenomena in the neighbouring neutron deficient $^{202}$Bi, $^{205}$Rn isotones and the $^{203}$At isotope. Based on comparison of the measured $B(M1)/B(E2)$ values for transitions along the band with the semiclassical model based estimates, the shears band of $^{204}$At was established along with the level scheme.
description: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in The European Physical Journal A and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00809-4
Applying experimental constraints to a one-dimensional model for BiS2 superconductivity
Creators: name: Griffith, M. A.
name: Foyevtsova, K.
name: Continentino, M. A.
name: Martins, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent ARPES measurements [Phys. Rev. B 92, 041113 (2015)] have confirmed the one-dimensional character of the electronic structure of CeO0.5F0.5BiS2, a representative of BiS2-based superconductors. In addition, several members of this family present sizable increase in the superconducting transition temperature Tc under application of hydrostatic pressure. Motivated by these two results, we propose a one-dimensional three-orbital model, whose kinetic energy part, obtained through ab initio calculations, is supplemented by pair-scattering terms, which are treated at the mean-field level. We solve the gap equations self-consistently and then systematically probe which combination of pair-scattering terms gives results consistent with experiment, namely, a superconducting dome with a maximum Tc at the right chemical potential and a sizable increase in Tc when the magnitude of the hoppings is increased. For these constraints to be satisfied multi-gap superconductivity is required, in agreement with experiments, and one of the hoppings has a dominant influence over the increase of Tc with pressure.
description: 4pages+references+supplemental material
title:  Dante and Communists of the Ninth Circle of Hell: Malevich, Mandelstam, and Trotsky
Creators: name: Žakula  , Tijana
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2022

description: L'ultimo autoritratto di Kazimir Malevich, completato nel 1933, ha interessato generazioni di studiosi. La mancanza di fonti scritte ha dato origine a diverse speculazioni su ciò che l'artista intendeva trasmettere in questo dipinto che si discostava inequivocabilmente dal suo riconoscibile linguaggio artistico. Usando l’atteggiamento pseudo-umanista di Malevich come punto di partenza, l’articolo getta una nuova luce sulla possibile ispirazione di questo ritratto esaminando i riferimenti contemporanei all'Umanesimo italiano e, più specificamente, alla Divina Commedia di Dante, che godette di grande popolarità tra i contemporanei di Malevich. Malevich non ha commentato le conquiste dell'umanesimo italiano, ma si valuta quanto scritto da Osip Mandelstam e Leon Trotsky, che si riferivano a Dante nelle loro riflessioni, che sono rilevanti non solo perché appartenevano allo stesso ambiente di Malevich, ma anche perché hanno combattuto lo stesso avversario.
description: Dante e la politica: dal passato al presente
Finding Common Ground: A Feminist Response to Men’s Rights Activism
Creators: Allain, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Feminism
Gender studies
Women's rights
Men's movement
Women's studies
Gender identity
Sex role

description: The relationship between feminists and men’s rights activists (MRAs) is a hostile one. This paper, which traces the MRA movement’s origins to the men’s liberation movement of the 1960s, demonstrates that it need not be. Putting contemporary men’s rights activism in conversation with feminist theory and praxis, this essay explores points of ideological convergence between the two movements, demonstrates the potential for partnership, and suggests further avenues of scholarly research on contemporary men’s rights activism. Attempting to better understand MRAs and their potential as feminist allies is vital if we wish to build and sustain a holistic, inclusive feminism that is truly committed to dismantling patriarchal ideology.
Anomalously large spin-dependent electron correlation in nearly half-metallic ferromagnet CoS$_2$
Creators: name: Fujiwara, Hirokazu
name: Terashima, Kensei
name: Otsuki, Junya
name: Takemori, Nayuta
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Wakita, Takanori
name: Yano, Yuko
name: Hosoda, Wataru
name: Kataoka, Noriyuki
name: Teruya, Atsushi
name: Kakihana, Masashi
name: Hedo, Masato
name: Nakama, Takao
name: Ōnuki, Yoshichika
name: Yaji, Koichiro
name: Harasawa, Ayumi
name: Kuroda, Kenta
name: Shin, Shik
name: Horiba, Koji
name: Kumigashira, Hiroshi
name: Muraoka, Yuji
name: Yokoya, Takayoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-dependent band structure of CoS$_2$ which is a candidate for a half-metallic ferromagnet was investigated by both spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, in order to reappraise the half-metallicity and electronic correlations. We determined the three-dimensional Fermi surface and the spin-dependent band structure. As a result, we found that a part of the minority spin bands is on the occupied side in the vicinity of the Fermi level, providing spectroscopic evidence that CoS$_2$ is not but very close to a half-metal. Band calculations using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation showed a good agreement with the observed majority spin $e_g$ bands, while it could not explain the observed band width of the minority-spin eg bands. On the other hand, theoretical calculations using dynamical mean field theory could better reproduce the strong mass renormalization in the minority-spin $e_g$ bands. All those results strongly suggest the presence of anomalously enhanced spin-dependent electron correlation effects on the electronic structure in the vicinity of the half-metallic state. We also report the temperature dependence of the electronic structure across the Curie temperature and discuss the mechanism of the thermal demagnetization. Our discovery of the anomalously large spin-dependent electronic correlations not only demonstrates a key factor in understanding the electronic structure of half-metals but also provides a motivation to improve theoretical calculations on spin-polarized strongly correlated systems.
description: 53 pages, 25 figures, 1 table
$d$-wave bond-order charge excitations in electron-doped cuprates
Creators: name: Yamase, Hiroyuki
name: Bejas, Matías
name: Greco, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study charge excitation spectra in the two-dimensional $t$-$J$ model on a square lattice to explore a charge-order tendency recently found in electron-doped cuprates around the carrier density 0.15. The static susceptibility of $d$-wave charge density, which corresponds to the nematic susceptibility at the momentum transfer ${\bf q}=(0,0)$, shows two characteristic peaks at momenta of the form ${\bf q}_{1}=(q',q')$ and ${\bf q}_{2}=(q,0)$. These two peaks originate from the so-called $2k_{F}$ scattering processes enhanced by the $d$-wave character of the bond-charge density. The peak at ${\bf q}_{1}$ is much broader, but develop to be very sharp in the vicinity of its instability, whereas the peak at ${\bf q}_{2}$ becomes sharper with decreasing temperature, but does not diverge. The equal-time correlation function, which is measured by resonant x-ray scattering, exhibits a momentum dependence similar to the static susceptibility. We also present energy-resolved charge excitation spectra. The spectra show a V-shaped structure around ${\bf q}=(0,0)$ and bend back toward close to zero energy due to the charge-order tendency at ${\bf q}_{1}$ and ${\bf q}_{2}$. The resulting spectra form gap-like features with a maximal gap at ${\bf q} \approx {\bf q}_{1}/2$ and ${\bf q}_{2}/2$. We discuss implications for the recent experiments in electron-doped cuprates.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, panel b of figure 1 corrected, added references, corrected typos, added a paragraph before summary
Confidentiality considerations for use of social-spatial data on the social determinants of health: Sexual and reproductive health case study
Creators: name: Cooper, Hannah L.F.
name: Kramer, Michael R.
name: Wingood, Gina M.
name: Matthews, Stephen A.
name: Haley, Danielle F.
name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Haardörfer, Regine
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Understanding whether and how the places where people live, work, and play are associated with health behaviors and health is essential to understanding the social determinants of health. However, social-spatial data which link a person and their attributes to a geographic location (e.g., home address) create potential confidentiality risks. Despite the growing body of literature describing approaches to protect individual confidentiality when utilizing social-spatial data, peer-reviewed manuscripts displaying identifiable individual point data or quasi-identifiers (attributes associated with the individual or disease that narrow identification) in maps persist, suggesting that knowledge has not been effectively translated into public health research practices. Using sexual and reproductive health as a case study, we explore the extent to which maps appearing in recent peer-reviewed publications risk participant confidentiality. Our scoping review of sexual and reproductive health literature published and indexed in PubMed between January 1, 2013 and September 1, 2015 identified 45 manuscripts displaying participant data in maps as points or small-population geographic units, spanning 26 journals and representing studies conducted in 20 countries. Notably, 56% (13/23) of publications presenting point data on maps either did not describe approaches used to mask data or masked data inadequately. Furthermore, 18% (4/22) of publications displaying data using small-population geographic units included at least two quasi-identifiers. These findings highlight the need for heightened education for researchers, reviewers, and editorial teams. We aim to provide readers with a primer on key confidentiality considerations when utilizing linked social-spatial data for visualizing results. Given the widespread availability of place-based data and the ease of creating maps, it is critically important to raise awareness on when social-spatial data constitute protected health information, best practices for masking geographic identifiers, and methods of balancing disclosure risk and scientific utility. We conclude with recommendations to support the preservation of confidentiality when disseminating results.
Why Don’t Women Run?
Creators: Tucker, Kendall
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Women's studies
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Women hold fewer than 25% of all American elected offices despite being over 50% of the population.  This paper explores this incongruity and explains why women feel that they must reach a higher threshold than men in order to run for office.  Consequently, this work demonstrates that we should expect female candidates to be of higher quality than male candidates.
Progress Through Marginalization: Jewish Women at the Forefront of the German Women’s Movement
Creators: Hanau, Alicia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Antisemitism
Jewish women--Social conditions
Feminism
Women's studies

description: German-Jewish women of the late 19th century found themselves sidelined on three fronts. As women in a traditionally patriarchal German society, German-Jewish women were generally limited to the domestic sphere. As Jews in a patriotic German society, German- Jewish women faced virulent anti-Semitism and Judeo-phobia. And finally, as women in the Jewish community, German-Jewish women were demoted to an inferior status in religious practice. This paper explores the tri-marginalization of Jewish-German women of the Kaiserreich era. Furthermore, this paper argues that tri-marginalization pushed Jewish- German women to the forefront of the German women’s movement. German-Jewish women’s tremendous progression, especially as compared to their German female counterparts, arose primarily through their ability to push boundaries from within the confines of their relegated community.
Measurement Error Mitigation in Quantum Computers Through Classical Bit-Flip Correction
Creators: name: Funcke, Lena
name: Hartung, Tobias
name: Jansen, Karl
name: Kühn, Stefan
name: Stornati, Paolo
name: Wang, Xiaoyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a classical bit-flip correction method to mitigate measurement errors on quantum computers. This method can be applied to any operator, any number of qubits, and any realistic bit-flip probability. We first demonstrate the successful performance of this method by correcting the noisy measurements of the ground-state energy of the longitudinal Ising model. We then generalize our results to arbitrary operators and test our method both numerically and experimentally on IBM quantum hardware. As a result, our correction method reduces the measurement error on the quantum hardware by up to one order of magnitude. We finally discuss how to pre-process the method and extend it to other errors sources beyond measurement errors. For local Hamiltonians, the overhead costs are polynomial in the number of qubits, even if multi-qubit correlations are included.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, v3: updated to match journal version
Redefining Reproductive Rights in an Age of Cultural Revolution
Creators: Flores, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Women's studies

description: Since this country’s founding, women of color have had little control over their reproductive freedom. In 1973 two young African American girls, ages fourteen and twelve, were forcibly sterilized in the state of Mississippi. The lawsuit that followed brought national attention to the issue of coercive sterilization in the United States. This paper explores the development of the definition of reproductive rights and pays particular attention to black women's experience of reproductive rights starting with the introduction of birth control into the national discourse by Margaret Sanger and contamination of this discourse by theories of eugenics and decisions of the national government in cases such as Buck vs. Bell. With the introduction of coercive sterilization into national tactics for population control, birth control became a dubious topic for African Americans and negatively impacted black women's experience of birth control. I explain how these policies affected black organizations' views of birth control and women's roles within the civil rights and nationalist movements. This paper centers on the discussion and policies of organizations such as the Nation of Islam, NAACP, Black Panthers, SNCC and black women's responses to these attitudes. The infringement upon black women's reproductive rights ultimately led to the creation of a more comprehensive definition of reproductive rights by black feminist organizations and a demand for policies and attitudes that would take black women's unique perspectives into consideration.
Development, validation, and performance of a scale to measure community mobilization
Creators: name: Peacock, Dean
name: Twine, Rhian
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Neilands, Torsten B.
name: Lippman, Sheri A.
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: MacPhail, Catherine
name: Leslie, Hannah H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Community mobilization approaches (CMAs) are increasingly becoming key components of health programming. However, CMAs have been ill defined and poorly evaluated, largely due to the lack of measurement tools to assess mobilization processes and impact.
On Schwartz equivalence of quasidiscs and other planar domains
Creators: name: Prywes, Eden
name: Shaviv, Ary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46A11 (primary), 30C62 (secondary)

description: Two open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ are called Schwartz equivalent if there exists a diffeomorphism between them that induces an isomorphism of Fréchet spaces between their spaces of Schwartz functions. In this paper we use tools from quasiconformal geometry in order to prove the Schwartz equivalence of a few families of planar domains. We prove that all quasidiscs are Schwartz equivalent and that any two non-simply-connected planar domains whose boundaries are quasicircles are Schwartz equivalent. We classify the two Schwartz equivalence classes of domains that consist of the entire plane minus a quasiarc and prove a Koebe type theorem, stating that any planar domain whose connected components of its boundary are finitely many quasicircles is Schwartz equivalent to a circle domain. We also prove that the notion of Schwartz equivalence is strictly finer than the notion of $C^\infty$-diffeomorphism by constructing examples of open subsets of $\mathbb{R}^n$ that are $C^\infty$-diffeomorphic and are not Schwartz equivalent.
description: Comments are welcome; v2 - Sections 7,8,9 added
The pitfalls of deciding whether a quantum channel is (conjugate) degradable and how to avoid them
Creators: name: Bradler, Kamil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To decide whether a quantum channel is degradable is relatively easy: one has to find at least one example of a degrading quantum channel. But in general, no conclusive criterion exists to show the opposite. Using elementary methods we derive a necessary and sufficient condition to decide under what circumstances the conclusion is unambiguous. The findings lead to an extension of the antidegradability region for qubit and qutrit transpose depolarizing channels. In the qubit case we reproduce the known results for the class of qubit depolarizing channels (due to their equivalence). One of the consequences is that the optimal qubit and qutrit asymmetric cloners possess a single-letter quantum capacity formula. We also investigate the ramifications of the criterion for the search of exclusively conjugate degradable channels.
description: v2: Full rank assumption added to the main theorem; to appear in Open Systems & Information Dynamics
Collective Compositions: From Spaces of Silence to Empowerment
Creators: Garner, Ashley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Feminist theory--Study and teaching (Higher)
Feminism
Feminism and education
Women's studies

description: Feminist studies have demonstrated that co-education can be disempowering for young women. From the onset of puberty, male voices gain ascendency in classrooms, clubs, and co-curricular activities (Bell and Golombisky, 2004). This paper explores the techniques of discursive empowerment created by Speak Out: Exploring Womanhood, a student organization at Rutgers University created to help university women develop voice and agency. The group meets weekly to discuss events that affect the lives of college-aged women. Each meeting features a writing workshop through which members individually and collectively create poetry and prose, fiction and nonfiction. Emphasizing cultural production as a means to engage male/body/race privileges, Speak Out publishes a newsletter both in print and online. By analyzing a selection of these texts, I will examine how writing contributes to an “empowered” or “vocal” self, one which addresses race and gender-based restrictions and injustices, while reimagining and articulating her rightful place in the world.
Optimal Approximations Made Easy
Creators: name: Csikós, Mónika
name: Mustafa, Nabil H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The fundamental result of Li, Long, and Srinivasan on approximations of set systems has become a key tool across several communities such as learning theory, algorithms, computational geometry, combinatorics and data analysis. The goal of this paper is to give a modular, self-contained, intuitive proof of this result for finite set systems. The only ingredient we assume is the standard Chernoff's concentration bound. This makes the proof accessible to a wider audience, readers not familiar with techniques from statistical learning theory, and makes it possible to be covered in a single self-contained lecture in a geometry, algorithms or combinatorics course.
Visibly Ah Mou : Community Organizing as Minority Solidarity in the United States
Creators: Deng, Kalina Yingnan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: History
Industrial relations
Asian Americans

description: On December 5, 1985, PL Sportswear Inc., Boston’s largest garment factory, without giving advance notice, closed its doors and sent home 349 workers, most of whom were uneducated Chinese females (ah mou) from Boston Chinatown. Although the 1984 Mature Industries Act entitled displaced workers to job retraining and English language courses, in the case of the PL workers, the state neglected to fulfill this promise to Massachusetts’ working class. After six months of state inaction, the ah mou traded their sewing machines for picket signs and transformed into powerful labor activists. This paper explores how the ah mou defied cultural traditions and social conventions to organize themselves as a political force. Furthermore, this paper narrates how the 1986 Boston Chinatown garment workers, by projecting their own voice and by making themselves visible to the greater Boston community and the state, cultivated a space for Asian Americans in the United States.
Unbounded randomness certification using sequences of measurements
Creators: name: Curchod, F. J.
name: Johansson, M.
name: Augusiak, R.
name: Hoban, M. J.
name: Wittek, P.
name: Acín, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unpredictability, or randomness, of the outcomes of measurements made on an entangled state can be certified provided that the statistics violate a Bell inequality. In the standard Bell scenario where each party performs a single measurement on its share of the system, only a finite amount of randomness, of at most $4 log_2 d$ bits, can be certified from a pair of entangled particles of dimension $d$. Our work shows that this fundamental limitation can be overcome using sequences of (nonprojective) measurements on the same system. More precisely, we prove that one can certify any amount of random bits from a pair of qubits in a pure state as the resource, even if it is arbitrarily weakly entangled. In addition, this certification is achieved by near-maximal violation of a particular Bell inequality for each measurement in the sequence.
description: 4 + 5 pages (1 + 3 images), published version
Preferential Orientation Relationships in Ca$_2$MnO$_4$ Ruddlesden-Popper thin films
Creators: name: Lacotte, M.
name: David, A.
name: Rohrer, G. S.
name: Salvador, P. A.
name: Prellier, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-throughput investigation of local epitaxy (called combinatorial substrate epitaxy) was carried out on Ca$_2$MnO$_4$ Ruddlesden-Popper thin films of six thicknesses (from 20 to 400 nm), all deposited on isostructural polycrystalline Sr$_2$TiO$_4$ substrates. Electron backscatter diffraction revealed grain-over-grain local epitaxial growth for all films, resulting in a single orientation relationship ($OR$) for each substrate-film grain pair. Two preferred epitaxial $ORs$ accounted for more than 90 \% of all ORs on 300 different microcrystals, based on analyzing 50 grain pairs for each thickness. The unit cell over unit cell $OR$ ([100][001]$_{film}$ $\parallel$ [100][001]$_{substrate}$, or $OR1$) accounted for approximately 30 \% of each film. The $OR$ that accounted for 60 \% of each film ([100][001]$_{film}$ $\parallel$ [100][010]$_{substrate}$, or $OR2$) corresponds to a rotation from $OR1$ by 90$^{\circ}$ about the a-axis. $OR2$ is strongly favored for substrate orientations in the center of the stereographic triangle, and $OR1$ is observed for orientations very close to (001) or to those near the edge connecting (100) and (110). While $OR1$ should be lower in energy, the majority observation of $OR2$ implies kinetic hindrances decrease the frequency of $OR1$. Persistent grain over grain growth and the absence of variations of the $OR$ frequencies with thickness implies that the growth competition is finished within the first few \si{\nano\meter}, and local epitaxy persists thereafter during growth.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Journal Applied Physics
Early life socioeconomic position and immune response to persistent infections among elderly Latinos
Creators: name: Simanek, Amanda M.
name: Aiello, Allison E.
name: Haan, Mary N.
name: Meier, Helen C.S.
name: Mendes de Leon, Carlos F.
name: Dowd, Jennifer B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Persistent infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), are common in the U.S. but their prevalence varies by socioeconomic status. It is unclear if early or later life socioeconomic position (SEP) is a more salient driver of disparities in immune control of these infections. Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, we examined whether early or later life SEP was the strongest predictor of immune control later in life by contrasting two life course models, the critical period model and the chain of risk model. Early life SEP was measured as a latent variable, derived from parental education and occupation, and food availability. Indicators for SEP in later life included education level and occupation. Individuals were categorized by immune response to each pathogen (seronegative, low, medium and high) with increasing immune response representing poorer immune control. Cumulative immune response was estimated using a latent profile analysis with higher total immune response representing poorer immune control. Structural equation models were used to examine direct, indirect and total effects of early life SEP on each infection and cumulative immune response, controlling for age and gender. The direct effect of early life SEP on immune response was not statistically significant for the infections or cumulative immune response. Higher early life SEP was associated with lower immune response for T. gondii, H. pylori and cumulative immune response through pathways mediated by later life SEP. For CMV, higher early life SEP was both directly associated and partially mediated by later life SEP. No association was found between SEP and HSV-1. Findings from this study support a chain of risk model, whereby early life SEP acts through later life SEP to affect immune response to persistent infections in older age.
White and Beautiful: An Examination of Skin Whitening Practices and Female Empowerment in China
Creators: Yeung, Evelyn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Skin--Bleaching
Women's studies
Social mobility
Asians

description: In recent years, the prevalence of skin whitening products has increased tremendously among Asian women. The cultural desire for pale skin can be attributed to the phenomenon of colorism, the “discriminatory treatment of individuals falling within the same ‘racial’ group on the basis of skin color” (Herring, 2002). Although social stratification based on skin tone is not a novel concept in China, it has taken on a new dimension in recent decades due to the rise of commercialization and consumerism. As a result, cosmetic companies have capitalized on this opportunity to provide beauty products for women. Although the claims that these products can reduce the darkness of one’s are rather dubiousness, East Asian women have expressed increased interest in skin whiteners (Glenn, 2008). Thus, there seems to be a correlation between colorism and consumerism. The ability to purchase these products provides women the illusion of privilege, agency, and social mobility (Saraswati, 2010).This article examines the role of colorism in contemporary China and the perception of privilege that cosmetic whitening products generate for Chinese women. By analyzing the historical and sociological contexts specific to Chinese society, this article will explicate the ways in which pale skin has become a popularized social desire as well as the perceived agency of Chinese women by consuming and purchasing skin whiteners.
Cellular Automata Can Reduce Memory Requirements of Collective-State Computing
Creators: name: Kleyko, Denis
name: Frady, E. Paxon
name: Sommer, Friedrich T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Various non-classical approaches of distributed information processing, such as neural networks, computation with Ising models, reservoir computing, vector symbolic architectures, and others, employ the principle of collective-state computing. In this type of computing, the variables relevant in a computation are superimposed into a single high-dimensional state vector, the collective-state. The variable encoding uses a fixed set of random patterns, which has to be stored and kept available during the computation. Here we show that an elementary cellular automaton with rule 90 (CA90) enables space-time tradeoff for collective-state computing models that use random dense binary representations, i.e., memory requirements can be traded off with computation running CA90. We investigate the randomization behavior of CA90, in particular, the relation between the length of the randomization period and the size of the grid, and how CA90 preserves similarity in the presence of the initialization noise. Based on these analyses we discuss how to optimize a collective-state computing model, in which CA90 expands representations on the fly from short seed patterns - rather than storing the full set of random patterns. The CA90 expansion is applied and tested in concrete scenarios using reservoir computing and vector symbolic architectures. Our experimental results show that collective-state computing with CA90 expansion performs similarly compared to traditional collective-state models, in which random patterns are generated initially by a pseudo-random number generator and then stored in a large memory.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Tidally-driven Roche-Lobe Overflow of Hot Jupiters with MESA
Creators: name: Valsecchi, Francesca
name: Rappaport, Saul
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
name: Marchant, Pablo
name: Rogers, Leslie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many exoplanets have now been detected in orbits with ultra-short periods, very close to the Roche limit. Building upon our previous work, we study the possibility that mass loss through Roche lobe overflow (RLO) may affect the evolution of these planets, and could possibly transform a hot Jupiter into a lower-mass planet (hot Neptune or super-Earth). We focus here on systems in which the mass loss occurs slowly ("stable mass transfer" in the language of binary star evolution) and we compute their evolution in detail with the binary evolution code MESA. We include the effects of tides, RLO, irradiation and photo-evaporation of the planet, as well as the stellar wind and magnetic braking. Our calculations all start with a hot Jupiter close to its Roche limit, in orbit around a sun-like star. The initial orbital decay and onset of RLO are driven by tidal dissipation in the star. We confirm that such a system can indeed evolve to produce lower-mass planets in orbits of a few days. The RLO phase eventually ends and, depending on the details of the mass transfer and on the planetary core mass, the orbital period can remain around a few days for several Gyr. The remnant planets have a rocky core and some amount of envelope material, which is slowly removed via photo-evaporation at nearly constant orbital period; these have properties resembling many of the observed super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. For these remnant planets we also predict an anti-correlation between mass and orbital period; very low-mass planets ($M_{\rm pl}\,\lesssim\,5\,M_{\oplus}$) in ultra-short periods ($P_{\rm orb}$<1d) cannot be produced through this type of evolution.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted by ApJ. The manuscript has been revised significantly to address the referee's comments. A link to MESA inlist files is now provided on page 2
Seven Women Speak: Perceptions of Economic Empowerment Among Women in Cape Town
Creators: Cole, Shanna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Feminism
Post-apartheid era
Women--Economic conditions
Sex discrimination
Women's studies
Africans

description: The research study described in this paper examines women’s perceptions of their economic opportunities and sense of empowerment in Cape Town. Although the status of women in South Africa has improved since apartheid, there are still significant inequalities among women and men in the workforce. This gender discrimination has reverberating effects on the poverty and development of South Africa as a nation, as many argue that women’s economic empowerment is directly correlated with the overall growth of a country. South African policymakers would benefit from comparing and analyzing women’s views of their own economic opportunities, as this study highlights that women experience complex forms of discrimination based on their identities in society today. The participants of this small-scale qualitative research study are seven women of diverse races and ages. The synthesis of this cross-racial and generational research provides a non-representative sample of the concerns of women in Cape Town regarding economic empowerment. From these interviews it was found that cultural upbringing is a highly influential factor in women’s economic success that can significantly limit or promote women’s economic empowerment. This research also highlighted underlying insecurities that many women in the workforce feel regarding their professional abilities and value, an issue that results from intersectional oppressions experienced by women and from apartheid’s legacies of patriarchal power dynamics. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that women’s experiences with economic empowerment depend greatly on their unique culture and family structure, rather than purely racial and class distinctions. This research highlights the intersectional gender discrimination faced by women in Cape Town and emphasizes the need to address oppressive remnants of apartheid in South Africa today.
Heat balance model for long-term prediction of the thermal regime of a subway tunnel and surrounding soil
Creators: name: Vasillyev, G. P.
name: Peskov, N. V.
name: Lysak, T. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a long-term forecast of the average air temperature in a metro tunnel and surrounding soil, heat balance conditions are modeled in a system that includes two parallel tunnels, a near-tunnels underground space, the earth's surface and atmospheric air with seasonal temperature variation. It is assumed that the air in the tunnels is well mixed, and the thermal effect of ventilation is taken into account by replacing the air in the tunnels with atmospheric air. The system of heat balance equations is solved numerically by the finite element method. A numerical analysis of the influences of the model parameters on the average temperature in the tunnels and surrounding soil is carried out. The dimensions of the soil region with an elevated temperature, located between the tunnels, are estimated.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures
New graduate physiotherapists’ perceived preparedness for clinical practice. A cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Chesterton, Paul
name: Chesterton, Jennifer
name: Alexanders, Jenny
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: The study aimed to explore new United Kingdom (UK) graduate physiotherapists’ perceived preparedness for clinical practice to provide valuable information to support curriculum development. An online, mixed method cross-sectional questionnaire was used. Newly qualified UK physiotherapists completed a survey, capturing how physiotherapy degrees prepared them for practice against (1) UK proficiency standards and (2) cross-discipline physiotherapy related clinical skills. Respondents were asked for reflections of their degree course including teaching and effectiveness. Data were converted into proportions with a 95% confidence interval. Likert-scale questions were treated as numeric variables with the mean and standard deviation (SD) calculated for combined responses. Thematic analysis reported patterns of data extracted from open-ended questions. Of a total of 376 respondents, 365 were included in data analysis. Overall respondents perceived that courses prepared them ‘well’ against 12 of the 15 standards, on a Likert scale of 1–5. Respondents reported that perceived competence was ‘indifferent’ for manual therapy skills (mean 3.14 ± SD 1.13), red flag (3.45 ± 1.11) and clinical flag management (2.92 ± 1.16). Exercise prescription (2.42 ± 1.35), psychosocial skills (2.27 ± 1.23) and patient management (2.41 ± 1.12) were areas identified for further teaching focus. Placements were the preferred teaching method most applicable to practice followed by practical seminars. Respondents felt sufficiently prepared for practice against UK proficiency standards but not physiotherapy related clinical skills. Areas for curricula development included exercise prescription, psychology and pain management.
Dispersion Estimates for One-Dimensional Discrete Dirac Equations
Creators: name: Kopylova, Elena
name: Teschl, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 35Q41, 81Q15, Secondary 39A12, 39A70

description: We derive dispersion estimates for solutions of the one-dimensional discrete perturbed Dirac equation. To this end we develop basic scattering theory and establish a limiting absorption principle for discrete perturbed Dirac operators.
description: 16 pages
Evidence of social network influence on multiple HIV risk behaviors and normative beliefs among young Tanzanian men
Creators: name: Balvanz, Peter
name: Kajula, Lusajo J.
name: Mulawa, Marta
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Yamanis, Thespina J.
name: Hill, Lauren M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Research on network-level influences on HIV risk behaviors among young men in sub-Saharan Africa is severely lacking. One significant gap in the literature that may provide direction for future research with this population is understanding the degree to which various HIV risk behaviors and normative beliefs cluster within men’s social networks. Such research may help us understand which HIV-related norms and behaviors have the greatest potential to be changed through social influence. Additionally, few network-based studies have described the structure of social networks of young men in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the structure of men’s peer networks may motivate future research examining the ways in which network structures shape the spread of information, adoption of norms, and diffusion of behaviors. We contribute to filling these gaps by using social network analysis and multilevel modeling to describe a unique dataset of mostly young men (n= 1,249 men and 242 women) nested within 59 urban social networks in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We examine the means, ranges, and clustering of men’s HIV-related normative beliefs and behaviors. Networks in this urban setting varied substantially in both composition and structure and a large proportion of men engaged in risky behaviors including inconsistent condom use, sexual partner concurrency, and intimate partner violence perpetration. We found significant clustering of normative beliefs and risk behaviors within these men’s social networks. Specifically, network membership explained between 5.78 and 7.17% of variance in men’s normative beliefs and between 1.93 and 15.79% of variance in risk behaviors. Our results suggest that social networks are important socialization sites for young men and may influence the adoption of norms and behaviors. We conclude by calling for more research on men’s social networks in Sub-Saharan Africa and map out several areas of future inquiry.
Algebraic dimension of twistor spaces whose fundamental system is a pencil
Creators: name: Honda, Nobuhiro
name: Kreussler, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the algebraic dimension of a twistor space over n#CP^2 cannot be two if n>4 and the fundamental system (i.e. the linear system associated to the half-anti-canonical bundle, which is available on any twistor space) is a pencil. This means that if the algebraic dimension of a twistor space on n#CP^2, n>4, is two, then the fundamental system either is empty or consists of a single member. The existence problem for a twistor space on n#CP^2 with algebraic dimension two is open for n>4.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure. v2: update the introduction, revised the paragraph right after Theorem 3.6, revised the proof of Theorem 3.6