cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to point at discourse referents: On anaphoric uses of complex demonstratives
Creators: name: Hinterwimmer, Stefan
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The topic of this paper is an unexpected contrast between complex demonstratives and definite descriptions on their respective anaphoric or bound uses: While it is entirely natural to pick up two discourse referents introduced by indefinites in the preceding sentence via definite descriptions, picking them up via complex demonstratives leads to infelicity. If only one of the two discourse referents is picked up by a complex demonstrative, while the other is either not picked up at all, or by a definite description, in contrast, the resulting minitext is again felicitous. Finally, two complex demonstratives can co-occur in a sentence if their use is accompanied by a pointing gesture in the direction of a perceptually salient individual. I will show that this pattern can be accounted for if complex demonstratives not only on their deictic, but also on their anaphoric or bound uses are assumed to be accompanied by (abstract or concrete) demonstrations (Bühler, 1934; Roberts, 2002) that may not have overlapping trajectories.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
A case for no Ks
Creators: name: Haida, Andreas
name: Trinh, Tue
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: We present a novel observation about modified numerals and discuss how it may pose a problem for the syntactic representation of speaker’s belief, hence the grammatical derivation of ignorance inferences.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
High negation questions and epistemic bias
Creators: name: Goodhue, Daniel
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: High negation questions—questions like “Isn’t it nice out?”—necessarily convey that the speaker is epistemically biased, i.e., the speaker has a prior belief about the correct answer to the question. In particular, the speaker necessarily expresses bias toward the proposition embedded under the high negation. Low negation questions, on the other hand, do not necessarily convey this bias. Romero and Han (2004) demonstrate that this asymmetry holds in several languages, some unrelated. This remarkable crosslinguistic fact merits explanation. In particular, what role does the structural height of negation play in triggering this epistemic bias? In this paper, I present novel evidence demonstrating that high negation questions lack propositional negation. This evidence is taken to support Ladd’s (1981) suggestion that high negation is somehow outside of the proposition, and is used to motivate an analysis in which high negation scopes above an epistemic operator. I argue that this analysis of high negation enables a novel account of epistemic bias that predicts its context insensitivity.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Universal cover-time distribution of heterogeneous random walks
Creators: name: Dong, Jia-Qi
name: Han, Wen-Hui
name: Wang, Yisen
name: Chen, Xiao-Song
name: Huang, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The cover-time problem, i.e., time to visit every site in a system, is one of the key issues of random walks with wide applications in natural, social, and engineered systems. Addressing the full distribution of cover times for random walk on complex structures has been a long-standing challenge and has attracted persistent efforts. Yet, the known results are essentially limited to homogeneous systems, where different sites are on an equal footing and have identical or close mean first-passage times, such as random walks on a torus. In contrast, realistic random walks are prevailingly heterogeneous with diversified mean first-passage times. Does a universal distribution still exist? Here, by considering the most general situations, we uncover a generalized rescaling relation for the cover time, exploiting the diversified mean first-passage times that have not been accounted for before. This allows us to concretely establish a universal distribution of the rescaled cover times for heterogeneous random walks, which turns out to be the Gumbel universality class that is ubiquitous for a large family of extreme value statistics. Our analysis is based on the transfer matrix framework, which is generic that besides heterogeneity, it is also robust against biased protocols, directed links, and self-connecting loops. The finding is corroborated with extensive numerical simulations of diverse heterogeneous non-compact random walks on both model and realistic topological structures. Our new technical ingredient may be exploited for other extreme value or ergodicity problems with nonidentical distributions.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Identification campaign of supernova remnant candidates in the Milky Way. II. X-ray studies of G38.7-1.4
Creators: name: Huang, R. H. H.
name: Wu, J. H. K.
name: Hui, C. Y.
name: Seo, K. A.
name: Trepl, L.
name: Kong, A. K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on XMM-Newton and Chandra observations of the Galactic supernova remnant candidate G38.7-1.4, together with complementary radio, infrared, and gamma-ray data. An approximately elliptical X-ray structure is found to be well correlated with radio shell as seen by the Very Large Array. The X-ray spectrum of G38.7-1.4 can be well-described by an absorbed collisional ionization equilibrium plasma model, which suggests the plasma is shock heated. Based on the morphology and the spectral behaviour, we suggest that G38.7-1.4 is indeed a supernova remnant belongs to a mix-morphology category.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Human spermbots for patient-representative 3D ovarian cancer cell treatment
Creators: name: Xu, Haifeng
name: Medina-Sánchez, Mariana
name: Zhang, Wunan
name: Seaton, Melanie P. H.
name: Brison, Daniel R.
name: Edmondson, Richard J.
name: Taylor, Stephen S.
name: Nelson, Louisa
name: Zeng, Kang
name: Bagley, Steven
name: Ribeiro, Carla
name: Restrepo, Lina P.
name: Lucena, Elkin
name: Schmidt, Christine K.
name: Schmidt, Oliver G.
Publisher: name: Cambridge : RSC Publ.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Animals
subject: Camptothecin
subject: Cattle
subject: Doxorubicin
subject: Drug Delivery Systems
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Male
subject: Ovarian Neoplasms
subject: Sperm Motility
subject: 600

description: Cellular micromotors are attractive for locally delivering high concentrations of drug, and targeting hard-to-reach disease sites such as cervical cancer and early ovarian cancer lesions by non-invasive means. Spermatozoa are highly efficient micromotors perfectly adapted to traveling up the female reproductive system. Indeed, bovine sperm-based micromotors have shown potential to carry drugs toward gynecological cancers. However, due to major differences in the molecular make-up of bovine and human sperm, a key translational bottleneck for bringing this technology closer to the clinic is to transfer this concept to human material. Here, we successfully load human sperm with Doxorubicin (DOX) and perform treatment of 3D cervical cancer and patient-representative ovarian cancer cell cultures, resulting in strong anticancer cell effects. Additionally, we define the subcellular localization of the chemotherapeutic drug within human sperm, using high-resolution optical microscopy. We also assess drug effects on sperm motility and viability over time, employing sperm samples from healthy donors as well as assisted reproduction patients. Finally, we demonstrate guidance and release of human drug-loaded sperm onto cancer tissues using magnetic microcaps, and show the sperm microcap loaded with a second anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), which unlike DOX is not suitable for directly loading into sperm due to its hydrophobic nature. This co-drug delivery approach opens up novel targeted combinatorial drug therapies for future applications. © 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Phonons and electron-phonon coupling in the phonon-mediated superconductor YNi2B2C
Creators: name: Weber, F.
name: Pintschovius, L.
name: Reichardt, W.
name: Heid, R.
name: Bohnen, K. -P.
name: Kreyssig, A.
name: Reznik, D.
name: Hradil, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined density-functional-perturbation-theory and inelastic neutron scattering study of the lattice dynamical properties of YNi2B2C. In general, very good agreement was found between theory and experiment for both phonon energies and line widths. Our analysis reveals that the strong coupling of certain low energy modes is linked to the presence of large displacements of the light atoms, i.e. B and C, which is unusual in view of the rather low phonon energies. Specific modes exhibiting a strong coupling to the electronic quasiparticles were investigated as a function of temperature. Their energies and line widths showed marked changes on cooling from room temperature to just above the superconducting transition at Tc = 15.2 K. Calculations simulating the effects of temperature allow to model the observed temperature dependence qualitatively.
Final appositives at the right frontier: An experimental investigation of anaphoric potential
Creators: name: Göbel, Alexander
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper presents two experiments testing two—not mutually exclusive—accounts of the special status of final appositive relative clauses (Syrett and Koev, 2015; Anderbois et al., 2010/2015). The speech act account (Frazier et al., 2017) argues that appositives—in contrast to restrictive relative clauses—contribute a quasi-independent speech act and are available for discourse continuations by virtue of constituting the most recent speech act when in final position. The discourse structure account (Jasinskaja, 2016; Hunter and Asher, 2016) frames the problem in terms of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (Asher and Lascarides, 2003), arguing that only sentence-final clauses make discourse segments at the right edge of the discourse structure available and more so with coordinating relations such as NARRATION. The experiments manipulated the type of relative clause and the type of discourse relation holding between the matrix clause and the final relative clause to test the distinct predictions of these accounts. Both relative clause type and discourse relations affected the interpretation of ambiguous pronouns, providing support for both accounts. The experiments also explored differences between personal and propositional pronouns but found no conclusive evidence for an interaction of anaphora type with the other factors.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Topological charge pumping with subwavelength Raman lattices
Creators: name: Burba, Domantas
name: Račiūnas, Mantas
name: Spielman, Ian B.
name: Juzeliūnas, Gediminas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments demonstrated deeply subwavelength lattices using atoms with $N$ internal states Raman-coupled with lasers of wavelength $λ$. The resulting unit cell was $λ/2N$ in extent, an $N$-fold reduction compared to the usual $λ/2$ periodicity of an optical lattice. For resonant Raman coupling, this lattice consists of $N$ independent sinusoidal potentials (with period $λ/2$) displaced by $λ/2N$ from each other. We show that detuning from Raman resonance induces tunneling between these potentials. Periodically modulating the detuning couples the $s$- and $p$-bands of the potentials, creating a pair of coupled subwavelength Rice--Mele chains. This operates as a novel topological charge pump that counter-intuitively can give half the displacement per pump cycle of each individual Rice--Mele chain separately. We analytically describe this behavior in terms of infinite-system Chern numbers, and numerically identify the associated finite-system edge states.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Feature Selection On Boolean Symbolic Objects
Creators: name: Ziani, Djamal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3; I.2.11; I.5.2; I.5.3

description: With the boom in IT technology, the data sets used in application are more and more larger and are described by a huge number of attributes, therefore, the feature selection become an important discipline in Knowledge discovery and data mining, allowing the experts to select the most relevant features to improve the quality of their studies and to reduce the time processing of their algorithm. In addition to that, the data used by the applications become richer. They are now represented by a set of complex and structured objects, instead of simple numerical matrixes. The purpose of our algorithm is to do feature selection on rich data, called Boolean Symbolic Objects (BSOs). These objects are described by multivalued features. The BSOs are considered as higher level units which can model complex data, such as cluster of individuals, aggregated data or taxonomies. In this paper we will introduce a new feature selection criterion for BSOs, and we will explain how we improved its complexity.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Negated definite conjunction and its implicatures
Creators: name: Gaji´C, Jovana
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Two different readings are possible in English when a conjunction of definite objects is negated. It is argued in the present paper that different sets of alternatives are active in the two cases, but that this is only possible with the right interplay of the preceding context and the intonation contour of the sentence. Both readings result from exhaustification. However, the number of applications of the EXH operator is different in the two cases. This fosters discussion about the constitution of alternative sets, the exact role of focus, as well as triggers for (re-)exhaustification.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Sound-driven single-electron transfer in a circuit of coupled quantum rails
Creators: name: Takada, Shintaro
name: Edlbauer, Hermann
name: Lepage, Hugo V.
name: Wang, Junliang
name: Mortemousque, Pierre-André
name: Georgiou, Giorgos
name: Barnes, Crispin H. W.
name: Ford, Christopher J. B.
name: Yuan, Mingyun
name: Santos, Paulo V.
name: Waintal, Xavier
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Urdampilleta, Matias
name: Meunier, Tristan
name: Bäuerle, Christopher
Publisher: name: [London] : Nature Publishing Group UK
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: quantum dot
subject: acoustic wave
subject: electrical conductivity
subject: electron
subject: piezoelectricity
subject: quantum mechanics
subject: adiabaticity
subject: electric potential
subject: electron transport
subject: scanning electron microscopy
subject: sound
subject: 500

description: Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) strongly modulate the shallow electric potential in piezoelectric materials. In semiconductor heterostructures such as GaAs/AlGaAs, SAWs can thus be employed to transfer individual electrons between distant quantum dots. This transfer mechanism makes SAW technologies a promising candidate to convey quantum information through a circuit of quantum logic gates. Here we present two essential building blocks of such a SAW-driven quantum circuit. First, we implement a directional coupler allowing to partition a flying electron arbitrarily into two paths of transportation. Second, we demonstrate a triggered single-electron source enabling synchronisation of the SAW-driven sending process. Exceeding a single-shot transfer efficiency of 99%, we show that a SAW-driven integrated circuit is feasible with single electrons on a large scale. Our results pave the way to perform quantum logic operations with flying electron qubits. © 2019, The Author(s).
A measure based analysis of plural mass nouns in Greek
Creators: name: Erbach, Kurt
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper explores the feasibility of accounting for plural mass nouns in Greek via a measure function that is assumed to be part of the meaning of plural nouns. Such an approach is used to account for the readings of plural count nouns in Krifka (1989, 1995) and Grimm (2013). The characteristics of plural mass nouns in Greek, however, present a particular challenge that cannot be straightforwardly applied to previous measure based analyses. Greek plural mass nouns are used to discuss amounts of a substance, sometimes small and sometimes large, and are accompanied by a particular inference that disappears in certain contexts. These characteristics have been analyzed in a variety of ways (Tsoulas, 2009; Alexiadou, 2011; Chierchia, 2015; Kane et al., 2015; Kouneli, 2019) though never in terms of measurement. I argue that a measure based analysis that incorporates a structure of discourse based on questions under discussion (Grimm, 2013; Roberts, 1996) can account for the characteristics of plural mass nouns in Greek. I build this analysis on the rich, context sensitive lexical structures in Sutton and Filip (2017), as they can straightforwardly accommodate a notion of context-sensitive measurement that can apply to both count and mass nouns in Greek.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Ineffability and Unexhaustification
Creators: name: Elliott, Patrick D.
name: Sauerland, Uli
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Maximize Presupposition seems to apply globally in some cases, but locally in others. Singh’s (2011) account resolves this tension, but makes crucial use of dynamic semantics. We observe that an alternative static account is possible based on the principle AVOID INEFFABILITY!. The principle licenses non-local application of maximize presupposition if and only if the structure is otherwise ineffable. After presenting our analysis, we move on to discuss cases where our account and Singh’s make different predictions. Focusing on inferences associated with wh-questions in Spanish, we argue that our static account makes the correct predictions, while Singh’s dynamic account does not.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Entanglement transitions with free fermions
Creators: name: Merritt, Joseph
name: Fidkowski, Lukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Majorana operators to study entanglement dynamics under random free fermion unitary evolution and projective measurements in one dimension. For certain choices of unitary evolution, namely those which swap neighboring Majorana operators, and measurements of neighboring Majorana bilinears, one can map the evolution to the statistical model of completely packed loops with crossings (CPLC) and study the corresponding phase diagram. We generalize this model using the language of fermionic Gaussian states to a general free fermion unitary evolution acting on neighboring Majorana operators, and numerically compute its phase diagram. We find that both the Goldstone and area law phases persist in this new phase diagram, but with a shifted phase boundary. One important qualitative aspect of the new phase boundary is that even for the case of commuting measurements, the Goldstone phase persists up to a finite non-zero measurement rate. This is in contrast with the CPLC, in which non-commuting measurements are necessary for realizing the Goldstone phase. We also numerically compute the correlation length critical exponent at the transition, which we find to be near to that of the CPLC, and give a tentative symmetry based explanation for some differences in the phase transition line between the CPLC and generalized models.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; added references
Orbital signatures from observed light curves of blazars
Creators: name: Mangalam, A.
name: Mohan, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variability in active galactic nuclei is observed in ultraviolet to X-ray emission based light curves. This could be attributed to orbital signatures of the plasma that constitutes the accretion flow on the putative disk or in the developing jet close to the inner region of the central black hole. We discuss some theoretical models which build on this view. These models include general relativistic effects such as light bending, aberration effects, gravitational and Doppler redshifts. The novel aspects relate to the treatment of helical flow in cylindrical and conical geometries in the vicinity of a Schwarzschild black hole that leads to amplitude and frequency modulations of simulated light curves as well as the inclusion of beaming effects in these idealized geometries. We then present a suite of time series analysis techniques applicable to data with varied properties which can extract detailed information from them for their use in theoretical models.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; in press, Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, 2014
Self-addressed questions and indexicality — The case of Korean
Creators: name: Eckardt, Regine
name: Disselkamp, Gisela
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Korean questions are marked as true questions (with final particle ni) or self addressed questions (SAQ, henceforth) (with final na/ka). SAQ are characterized as “uttered in the absence of addressee” in the literature. We argue in favour of a more detailed pragmatic profile, as SAQ can be uttered in the presence of other persons and can contain second person pronouns ‘you’ that refer to these. SAQ in Korean are however incompatible with the performative honorific upni (Jang and Kim, 1998). We propose that Korean refers to contexts with bystanders in addition to speaker and addressee. SAQ require that sp(c)=ad(c), and prohibit upni because the speaker cannot honorify herself. Second person ‘you’ refers to the most salient bystander, which can differ from ad(c) in SAQ. The account extends to theme-setting questions and other data.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Configuration in ERP SaaS Multi-Tenancy
Creators: name: Ziani, Djamal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.6.3; K.8.1; D.2.13; D.2.9
subject: 68M01

description: Software as a Service (SaaS) becomes in this decade the focus of many enterprises and research. SaaS provides software application as Web based delivery to server many customers. This sharing of infrastructure and application provided by Saas has a great benefit to customers, since it reduces costs, minimizes risks, improves their competitive positioning, as well as seeks out innovative. SaaS application is generally developed with standardized software functionalities to serve as many customers as possible. However many customers ask to change the standardized provided functions according to their specific business needs, and this can be achieve through the configuration and customization provided by the SaaS vendor. Allowing many customers to change software configurations without impacting others customers and with preserving security and efficiency of the provided services, becomes a big challenge to SaaS vendors, who are oblige to design new strategies and architectures. Multi-tenancy (MT) architectures allow multiple customers to be consolidated into the same operational system without changing anything in the vendor source code. In this paper, we will present how the configuration can be done on an ERP web application in a Multi-Tenancy SaaS environment.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
The science of ultra-high energy cosmic rays after more than 15 years of operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Deligny, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pierre Auger Observatory has been detecting ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) for more than fifteen years. An essential feature of the Observatory is its hybrid design: cosmic rays above $100~$PeV are detected through the observation of the associated air showers with different and complementary techniques, from surface detector arrays and fluorescence telescopes to radio antennas. The analyses of the multi-detector data have enabled high-statistics and high-precision studies of the energy spectrum, mass composition and distribution of arrival directions of UHECRs. The resulting picture is summarized in this contribution. While no discrete source of UHECRs has been identified so far, the extragalactic origin of the particles has been recently determined from the arrival directions above 8~EeV, and the ring is closing around nearby astrophysical sites at higher energies. Also, the established upper limits on fluxes of UHE neutrinos and photons have implications on dark matter and cosmological aspects that are also presented in this contribution.
description: Proceedings of the 12th Cosmic Ray International Seminar - CRIS 2022 - September 12-16, 2022, Napoli, Italy - to appear in Journal of Physics Conference Series
Inferring causation from time series in Earth system sciences
Creators: name: Runge, Jakob
name: Bathiany, Sebastian
name: Bollt, Erik
name: Camps-Valls, Gustau
name: Coumou, Dim
name: Deyle, Ethan
name: Glymour, Clark
name: Kretschmer, Marlene
name: Mahecha, Miguel D.
name: Muñoz-Marí, Jordi
name: Van Nes, Egbert H.
name: Peters, Jonas
name: Quax, Rick
name: Reichstein, Markus
name: Scheffer, Marten
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Spirtes, Peter
name: Sugihara, George
name: Sun, Jie
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Zscheischler, Jakob
Publisher: name: [London] : Nature Publishing Group UK
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: conceptual framework
subject: data management
subject: Earth science
subject: feasibility study
subject: research work
subject: heart
subject: intermethod comparison
subject: simulation
subject: time series analysis
subject: review
subject: 500

description: The heart of the scientific enterprise is a rational effort to understand the causes behind the phenomena we observe. In large-scale complex dynamical systems such as the Earth system, real experiments are rarely feasible. However, a rapidly increasing amount of observational and simulated data opens up the use of novel data-driven causal methods beyond the commonly adopted correlation techniques. Here, we give an overview of causal inference frameworks and identify promising generic application cases common in Earth system sciences and beyond. We discuss challenges and initiate the benchmark platform causeme.net to close the gap between method users and developers. © 2019, The Author(s).
Dynamic inquisitive semantics: Anaphora and questions
Creators: name: Dotlačil, Jakub
name: Roelofsen, Floris
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper develops a dynamic inquisitive semantics and illustrates its potential to capture interactions between anaphora and questions.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
GOALS-JWST: Revealing the Buried Star Clusters in the Luminous Infrared Galaxy VV 114
Creators: name: Linden, Sean T.
name: Evans, Aaron S.
name: Armus, Lee
name: Rich, Jeffrey A.
name: Larson, Kirsten L.
name: Lai, Thomas
name: Privon, George C.
name: U, Vivian
name: Inami, Hanae
name: Bohn, Thomas
name: Song, Yiqing
name: Barcos-Muñoz, Loreto
name: Charmandaris, Vassilis
name: Medling, Anne M.
name: Stierwalt, Sabrina
name: Diaz-Santos, Tanio
name: Böker, Torsten
name: van der Werf, Paul
name: Aalto, Susanne
name: Appleton, Philip
name: Brown, Michael J. I.
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Howell, Justin H.
name: Iwasawa, Kazushi
name: Kemper, Francisca
name: Frayer, David T.
name: Law, David
name: Malkan, Matthew A.
name: Marshall, Jason
name: Mazzarella, Joseph M.
name: Murphy, Eric J.
name: Sanders, David
name: Surace, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a {\it James Webb Space Telescope} NIRCam investigation into the young massive star cluster (YMC) population in the luminous infrared galaxy VV 114. We identify 374 compact YMC candidates with a $S/N \geq 3$, 5, and 5 at F150W, F200W, and F356W respectively. A direct comparison with our {\it HST} cluster catalog reveals that $\sim 20\%$ of these sources are undetected at optical wavelengths. Based on {\it yggdrasil} stellar population models, we identify 17 YMC candidates in our {\it JWST} imaging alone with F150W-F200W and F200W-F356W colors suggesting they are all very young, dusty ($A_{V} = 5 - 15$), and massive ($10^{5.8} < M_{\odot} < 10^{6.1}$). The discovery of these `hidden' sources, many of which are found in the `overlap' region between the two nuclei, quadruples the number of $t < 3$ Myr clusters, and nearly doubles the number of $t < 6$ Myr clusters detected in VV 114. Now extending the cluster age distribution ($dN/dτ\propto τ^γ$) to the youngest ages, we find a slope of $γ= -1.30 \pm 0.39$ for $10^{6} < τ(\mathrm{yr}) < 10^{7}$, which is consistent with the previously determined value from $10^{7} < τ(\mathrm{yr}) < 10^{8.5}$, and confirms that VV 114 has a steep age distribution slope for all massive star clusters across the entire range of cluster ages observed. Finally, the consistency between our {\it JWST}- and {\it HST}-derived age distribution slopes indicates that the balance between cluster formation and destruction has not been significantly altered in VV 114 over the last 0.5 Gyr.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, published in the Astrophysical Journal
Measurement of the total cross section of uranium-uranium collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=192.8$ GeV
Creators: name: Fischer, W.
name: Baltz, A. J.
name: Blaskiewicz, M.
name: Gassner, D.
name: Drees, K. A.
name: Luo, Y.
name: Minty, M.
name: Thieberger, P.
name: Wilinski, M.
name: Pshenichnov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy ion cross sections totaling several hundred barns have been calculated previously for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These total cross sections are more than an order of magnitude larger than the geometric ion-ion cross sections primarily due to Bound-Free Pair Production (BFPP) and Electro-Magnetic Dissociation (EMD). Apart from a general interest in verifying the calculations experimentally, an accurate prediction of the losses created in the heavy ion collisions is of practical interest for the LHC, where some collision products are lost in cryogenically cooled magnets and have the potential to quench these magnets. In the 2012 RHIC run uranium ions collided with each other at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 192.8$ GeV with nearly all beam losses due to collisions. This allows for the measurement of the total cross section, which agrees with the calculated cross section within the experimental error.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures + 3 figures in appendix
Stabilizing the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by surface mass deposition
Creators: name: Feldmann, Johannes
name: Levermann, Anders
name: Mengel, Matthias
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : Assoc.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Deposition
subject: Disintegration
subject: Glaciers
subject: Sea level
subject: Snow
subject: Coastal regions
subject: Environmental hazards
subject: Ice discharges
subject: Mass deposition
subject: Potential benefits
subject: Sea level rise
subject: Technical challenges
subject: West antarctic ice sheets
subject: Ice
subject: Antarctica
subject: article
subject: computer simulation
subject: ice sheet
subject: 500

description: There is evidence that a self-sustaining ice discharge from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) has started, potentially leading to its disintegration. The associated sea level rise of more than 3m would pose a serious challenge to highly populated areas including metropolises such as Calcutta, Shanghai, New York City, and Tokyo. Here, we show that the WAIS may be stabilized through mass deposition in coastal regions around Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers. In our numerical simulations, a minimum of 7400 Gt of additional snowfall stabilizes the flow if applied over a short period of 10 years onto the region (−2 mm year−1 sea level equivalent). Mass deposition at a lower rate increases the intervention time and the required total amount of snow. We find that the precise conditions of such an operation are crucial, and potential benefits need to be weighed against environmental hazards, future risks, and enormous technical challenges. Copyright © 2019 The Authors,
Detecting and quantifying causal associations in large nonlinear time series datasets
Creators: name: Runge, Jakob
name: Nowack, Peer
name: Kretschmer, Marlene
name: Flaxman, Seth
name: Sejdinovic, Dino
Publisher: name: Washington, DC [u.a.] : Assoc.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Causal relationships
subject: Complex dynamical systems
subject: Conditional independence tests
subject: Discovery algorithm
subject: Large-scale time series
subject: Nonlinear time series
subject: Physical mechanism
subject: State-of-the-art techniques
subject: 500

description: Identifying causal relationships and quantifying their strength from observational time series data are key problems in disciplines dealing with complex dynamical systems such as the Earth system or the human body. Data-driven causal inference in such systems is challenging since datasets are often high dimensional and nonlinear with limited sample sizes. Here, we introduce a novel method that flexibly combines linear or nonlinear conditional independence tests with a causal discovery algorithm to estimate causal networks from large-scale time series datasets. We validate the method on time series of well-understood physical mechanisms in the climate system and the human heart and using large-scale synthetic datasets mimicking the typical properties of real-world data. The experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art techniques in detection power, which opens up entirely new possibilities to discover and quantify causal networks from time series across a range of research fields. Copyright © 2019 The Authors,
Collective atom-cavity coupling and non-linear dynamics with atoms with multilevel ground states
Creators: name: Suarez, Elmer
name: Carollo, Federico
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
name: Olmos, Beatriz
name: Courteille, Philippe W.
name: Slama, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally and theoretically the collective coupling between atoms with multilevel ground state manifolds and an optical cavity mode. In our setup the cavity field optically pumps populations among the ground states. The ensuing dynamics can be conveniently described by means of an effective dynamical atom-cavity coupling strength that depends on the occupation of the individual states and their coupling strengths with the cavity mode. This leads to a dynamical backaction of the atomic populations on the atom-cavity coupling strength which results in a non-exponential relaxation dynamics. We experimentally observe this effect with laser-cooled $^{87}$Rb atoms, for which we monitor the collective normal-mode splitting in real time. Our results show that the multilevel structure of electronic ground states can significantly alter the relaxation behavior in atom-cavity settings as compared to ensembles of two-level atoms.
Refractory metal-based ohmic contacts on β-Ga2O3 using TiW
Creators: name: Tetzner, Kornelius
name: Schewski, Robert
name: Popp, Andreas
name: Anooz, Saud Bin
name: Chou, Ta-Shun
name: Ostermay, Ina
name: Kirmse, Holm
name: Würfl, Joachim
Publisher: name: Melville, NY : AIP Publ.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Annealing
subject: Binary alloys
subject: Crystallinity
subject: Electric contactors
subject: Gallium alloys
subject: Gallium compounds
subject: High resolution transmission electron microscopy
subject: Refractory metals
subject: Scanning electron microscopy
subject: Titanium dioxide
subject: 620
subject: 600

description: The present work investigates the use of the refractory metal alloy TiW as a possible candidate for the realization of ohmic contacts to the ultrawide bandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3. Ohmic contact properties were analyzed by transfer length measurements of TiW contacts annealed at temperatures between 400 and 900 °C. Optimum contact properties with a contact resistance down to 1.5 × 10-5 ω cm2 were achieved after annealing at 700 °C in nitrogen on highly doped β-Ga2O3. However, a significant contact resistance increase was observed at annealing temperatures above 700 °C. Cross-sectional analyses of the contacts using scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed the formation of a TiOx interfacial layer of 3-5 nm between TiW and β-Ga2O3. This interlayer features an amorphous structure and most probably possesses a high amount of vacancies and/or Ga impurities supporting charge carrier injection. Upon annealing at temperatures of 900 °C, the interlayer increases in thickness up to 15 nm, featuring crystalline-like properties, suggesting the formation of rutile TiO2. Although severe morphological changes at higher annealing temperatures were also verified by atomic force microscopy, the root cause for the contact resistance increase is attributed to the structural changes in thickness and crystallinity of the interfacial layer.
Recent theoretical advances in elasticity of membranes following Helfrich's spontaneous curvature model
Creators: name: Tu, Z. C.
name: Ou-Yang, Z. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent theoretical advances in elasticity of membranes following Helfrich's famous spontaneous curvature model are summarized in this review. The governing equations describing equilibrium configurations of lipid vesicles, lipid membranes with free edges, and chiral lipid membranes are presented. Several analytic solutions to these equations and their corresponding configurations are demonstrated.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
The local dark matter distribution in self-interacting dark matter halos
Creators: name: Rahimi, Elham
name: Vienneau, Evan
name: Bozorgnia, Nassim
name: Robertson, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of dark matter self-interactions on the local dark matter distribution in selected Milky Way-like galaxies in the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulations. The simulations were run with two different self-interacting dark matter models, a constant and velocity-dependent self-interaction cross-section. We find that the local dark matter velocity distribution of the Milky Way-like halos in the simulations with dark matter self-interactions and baryons are generally similar to those extracted from cold collisionless dark matter simulations with baryons. In both cases, the local dark matter speed distributions agree well with their best fit Maxwellian distributions. Including baryons in the simulations with or without dark matter self-interactions increases the local dark matter density and shifts the dark matter speed distributions to higher speeds. To study the implications for direct detection, we compute the dark matter halo integrals obtained directly from the simulations and compare them to those obtained from the best fit Maxwellian velocity distribution. We find that a Maxwellian distribution provides a good fit to the halo integrals of most halos, without any significant difference between the results of different dark matter self-interaction models.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures, 15 tables
Vague predicates, crisp judgments
Creators: name: Deal, Amy Rose
name: Hohaus, Vera
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Nez Perce is a language with a dedicated comparative morpheme and crisp judgments in its comparatives, but with no means to express differential measurement in its comparative. These data can be captured by two different types of analyses: either Nez Perce has a negative setting of the Degree Semantics Parameter ([±DSP]) (Beck et al., 2009), along with a comparative operator that allows manipulation of context (Klein, 1980), or it has a positive setting of said parameter, but the comparative operator does not provide a slot for a differential degree argument. We show that the “degreeless” analysis of gradable adjectives in Nez Perce provides a unified and simple explanation for a cluster of additional properties of the language. At the same time, our findings draw attention to hitherto unattested variation within degreeless languages: other [-DSP] languages like Motu (Beck et al., 2009), Washo (Bochnak, 2015) and Warlpiri (Bowler, 2016) lack the Klein-style comparative operator present in Nez Perce.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Characterizing and Extending Answer Set Semantics using Possibility Theory
Creators: name: Bauters, Kim
name: Schockaert, Steven
name: De Cock, Martine
name: Vermeir, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.6; F.1.3

description: Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a popular framework for modeling combinatorial problems. However, ASP cannot easily be used for reasoning about uncertain information. Possibilistic ASP (PASP) is an extension of ASP that combines possibilistic logic and ASP. In PASP a weight is associated with each rule, where this weight is interpreted as the certainty with which the conclusion can be established when the body is known to hold. As such, it allows us to model and reason about uncertain information in an intuitive way. In this paper we present new semantics for PASP, in which rules are interpreted as constraints on possibility distributions. Special models of these constraints are then identified as possibilistic answer sets. In addition, since ASP is a special case of PASP in which all the rules are entirely certain, we obtain a new characterization of ASP in terms of constraints on possibility distributions. This allows us to uncover a new form of disjunction, called weak disjunction, that has not been previously considered in the literature. In addition to introducing and motivating the semantics of weak disjunction, we also pinpoint its computational complexity. In particular, while the complexity of most reasoning tasks coincides with standard disjunctive ASP, we find that brave reasoning for programs with weak disjunctions is easier.
description: 39 pages and 16 pages appendix with proofs. This article has been accepted for publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming, Copyright Cambridge University Press
"Quantum supremacy" revisited: Low-complexity, deterministic solutions of the original Deutsch-Jozsa problem in classical physical systems
Creators: name: Kish, Laszlo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The original Deutsch-Jozsa (oDJ) problem is for an oracle (realized here as a database) of size N, where, according to their claim, the deterministic solution of the problem on a classical Turing computer requires O(N) computational complexity. They produced the famous Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm that offered an exponential speedup over the classical computer, namely O[log(N)] complexity for the solution in a quantum computer. In this paper, the problem is implemented on an instantaneous noise-based logic processor. It is shown that, similarly to the quantum algorithm, the oDJ problem can deterministically be solved with O[log(N)] complexity. The implication is that by adding a truly random coin to a classical Turing machine and using this classical-physical algorithm can also speed up the deterministic solution of the Deutsch-Jozsa problem exponentially, similarly to the quantum algorithm. Then it is realized that the same database and the solution of the Deutsch-Jozsa problem can also be realized by using an identical algorithmic structure in a simpler way, even without noise/random coin. The only lost function in this new system, as compared to noise-based logic, is the ability to do generic parallel logic operations over the whole database. As the latter feature is not needed for the oDJ problem, it is concluded that the problem can be solved on a classical computer with O[log(N)] complexity even without a random coin. Therefore, while the oDJ algorithm is historically important step in the developments of quantum computers, it is insufficient to prove quantum supremacy. Note, there is also simplified Deutsch-Jozsa problem proposed later, which is more popular in the field, however it is irrelevant for the present paper.
description: Revised version: original DJ problem
Third readings by semantic scope lowering: Prolepsis in Tiwa
Creators: name: Dawson, Virginia
name: Deal, Amy Rose
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Tiwa (Tibeto-Burman; India) attitude reports allow for proleptic objects, base-generated in the matrix clause but semantically related to a bound pronoun in the embedded clause. Unlike prolepsis in German (Salzmann, 2017b) and Nez Perce (Deal, 2018), which only allow for classic de re readings of the proleptic object, Tiwa prolepsis supports both classic de re and third readings. We provide an analysis that derives third readings via semantic scope lowering, an analytical relative of semantic reconstruction, and consider cross-linguistic implications.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23