cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effect of changes in human drivers on the fire regimes of South African grassland and savanna environments over the past 100 years
Creators: name: Puttick, James R
name: Hoffman, M Timm
name: O’Connor, Timothy G
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Fire is a key regulator of tree cover in grassy ecosystems, but century-long changes in fire regimes have not been explicitly quantified in South Africa. This study aimed to determine changes in the fire regimes of South Africa’s grassy biomes over the past century in response to widespread human-induced changes. Using spatially explicit data, we employed random forest models to examine the importance of climatic and human drivers on the extent, frequency and intensity of fire. We then modelled how fire regimes are likely to have changed over the past century using historical trends in key human drivers (population growth, livestock density, road density and land cover change) as inputs. Results showed that human drivers, particularly land transformation and human population density, were important determinants of fire regime. Random forest predictions showed a decline in burnt area (mean of 10.5% in 1910 to 5.1% in 2020), and a shift to fire regimes with smaller burnt areas, longer fire return intervals and lower intensity fires over the past century, particularly in the mesic east. These dynamics have important implications for our understanding of the widespread increases in woody cover observed in the region over this period.
Additional file 2 of The referral of patients to smoking cessation counselling: perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers in general practice
Creators: name: van Westen-Lagerweij, Naomi A.
name: Meeuwsen, Elisabeth G.
name: Croes, Esther A.
name: Meijer, Eline
name: Chavannes, Niels H.
name: Willemsen, Marc C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Final codes.
Additional file 1 of The referral of patients to smoking cessation counselling: perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers in general practice
Creators: name: van Westen-Lagerweij, Naomi A.
name: Meeuwsen, Elisabeth G.
name: Croes, Esther A.
name: Meijer, Eline
name: Chavannes, Niels H.
name: Willemsen, Marc C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Focus group and interview questions.
Full Symmetry of Single- and Multi-wall Nanotubes
Creators: name: Damnjanovic, M.
name: Milosevic, I.
name: Vukovic, T.
name: Sredanovic, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The full symmetry groups for all single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are found. As for the single-wall tubes, the symmetries form nonabelian nonsymorphic line groups, enlarging the groups reported in literature. In the multi-wall case, any type of the line and the axial point groups can be obtained, depending on single-wall constituents and their relative position. Several other consequences are discussed: quantum numbers and related selection rules, electronic and phonon bands, and their degeneracy, application to tensor properties.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, revtex
ESM 3: Post-processing and visualization of marginal predictions from Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis
Creators: name: Boetzl, Fabian A.
name: Sponsler, Douglas
name: Albrecht, Matthias
name: Batáry, Péter
name: Birkhofer, Klaus
name: Knapp, Michal
name: Krauss, Jochen
name: Maas, Bea
name: Martin, Emily A.
name: Sirami, Clélia
name: Sutter, Louis
name: Bertrand, Colette
name: Baillod, Aliette Bosem
name: Bota, Gerard
name: Bretagnolle, Vincent
name: Brotons, Lluís
name: Frank, Thomas
name: Fusser, Moritz
name: Giralt, David
name: González, Ezequiel
name: Hof, Anouschka R.
name: Luka, Henryk
name: Marrec, Ronan
name: Nash, Michael A.
name: Ng, Katherina
name: Plantegenest, Manuel
name: Poulin, Brigitte
name: Siriwardena, Gavin M.
name: Tscharntke, Teja
name: Tschumi, Matthias
name: Vialatte, Aude
name: Van Vooren, Laura
name: Zubair-Anjum, Muhammad
name: Entling, Martin H.
name: Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf
name: Schirmel, Jens
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Detailed R markdown of the workflow of extracting and plotting marginalised model predictions
title: Jacques Izopet
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (1 page). Autre destinataire : Brigitte Autran.
Non-perturbative 3d Lorentzian Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Ambjorn, J.
name: Jurkiewicz, J.
name: Loll, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently introduced a discrete model of Lorentzian quantum gravity, given as a regularized non-perturbative state sum over simplicial Lorentzian space-times, each possessing a unique Wick rotation to Euclidean signature. We investigate here the phase structure of the Wick-rotated path integral in three dimensions with the aid of computer simulations. After fine-tuning the cosmological constant to its critical value, we find a whole range of the gravitational coupling constant $k_0$ for which the functional integral is dominated by non-degenerate three-dimensional space-times. We therefore have a situation in which a well-defined ground state of extended geometry is generated dynamically from a non-perturbative state sum of fluctuating geometries. Remarkably, its macroscopic scaling properties resemble those of a semi-classical spherical universe. Measurements so far indicate that $k_0$ defines an overall scale in this extended phase, without affecting the physics of the continuum limit. These findings provide further evidence that discrete {\it Lorentzian} gravity is a promising candidate for a non-trivial theory of quantum gravity.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures, final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D (some clarifying comments and some references added)
Systematic vertex corrections through iterative solution of Hedin's equations beyond the GW approximation
Creators: name: Schindlmayr, Arno
name: Godby, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general procedure for obtaining progressively more accurate functional expressions for the electron self-energy by iterative solution of Hedin's coupled equations. The iterative process starting from Hartree theory, which gives rise to the GW approximation, is continued further, and an explicit formula for the vertex function from the second full cycle is given. Calculated excitation energies for a Hubbard Hamiltonian demonstrate the convergence of the iterative process and provide further strong justification for the GW approximation.
description: 4 pages including 3 figures, RevTeX
Role of Inter-Electron Interaction in the Pseudo-Gap Opening in High T $_c$ Tunneling Experiments
Creators: name: Cucolo, A. M.
name: Cuoco, M.
name: Varlamov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of tunneling experiments showing the pseudogap type behavior is carried out based on the idea of the renormalization of density of states due to the inter-electron interaction in the Cooper channel (superconducting fluctuations contribution in tunneling current). It is demonstrated that the observed kink of the zero-bias conductance $G(0,T)$ of $YBaCuO/Pb$ junctions in the vicinity of $T_c$ can be explained in terms of fluctuation theory in a quite wide range of temperature above $T_c$, using the values of microscopic parameters of the $YBaCuO$ electron spectrum taken from independent experiments. The approach proposed also permits to explain qualitatively the shape of the tunneling anomalies in $G(V,T)$ and gives a correct estimate for the pseudogap position and amplitude observed in the experiments on $BiSrCaCuO$ junctions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
WFPC2 Images of the Central Regions of Early-Type Galaxies - I. The Data
Creators: name: Rest, Armin
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Jaffe, Walter
name: Tran, Hien
name: Tsvetanov, Zlatan
name: Ford, Holland C.
name: Davies, James
name: Schafer, Joanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high resolution R-band images of the central regions of 67 early-type galaxies obtained with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Our sample strikingly confirms the complex morphologies of the central regions of early-type galaxies. In particular, we detect dust in 43 percent of all galaxies, and evidence for embedded stellar disks in a remarkably large fraction of 51 percent. In 14 of those galaxies the disk-like structures are misaligned with the main galaxy, suggesting that they correspond to stellar bars in S0 galaxies. We analyze the luminosity profiles of the galaxies in our sample, and classify galaxies according to their central cusp slope. To a large extent we confirm the clear dichotomy found in previous HST surveys: bright, boxy ellipticals with shallow inner cusps (`core' galaxies) on one hand and faint, disky ellipticals with steep central cusps (`power-law' galaxies) on the other hand. The advantages and shortcomings of classification schemes utilizing the extrapolated central cusp slope are discussed, and it is shown that this cusp slope might be an inadequate representation for galaxies whose luminosity profile slope changes smoothly with radius rather than resembling a broken power-law. In fact, we find evidence for an `intermediate' class of galaxies, that cannot unambiguously be classified as either core or power-law galaxies, and which have central cusp slopes and absolute magnitudes intermediate between those of core and power-law galaxies.
description: 44 pages, 7 Postscript figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. The associated Appendix with figures of luminosity profiles, contour plots and isophotal parameters for all galaxies is available at http://www.astro.washington.edu/rest/centralprop
Investigation of acceptor levels and hole scattering mechanisms in p-gallium selenide by means of transport measurements under pressure
Creators: name: Errandonea, Daniel
name: Sánchez-Royo, J. F.
name: Segura, A.
name: Chevy, A.
name: Roa, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of pressure on acceptor levels and hole scattering mechanisms in p-GaSe is investigated through Hall effect and resistivity measurements under quasi-hydrostatic conditions up to 4 GPa. The pressure dependence of the hole concentration is interpreted through a carrier statistics equation with a single (nitrogen) or double (tin) acceptor whose ionization energies decrease under pressure due to the dielectric constant increase. The pressure effect on the hole mobility is also accounted for by considering the pressure dependencies of both the phonon frequencies and the hole-phonon coupling constants involved in the scattering rates.
description: 13 pages, Latex, 4 ps figures. to appear in High Pressure Research 69 (1997)
Punctuated vortex coalescence and discrete scale invariance in two-dimensional turbulence
Creators: name: Johansen, Anders
name: Sornette, Didier
name: Hansen, Adam Espe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental evidence and theoretical arguments showing that the time-evolution of freely decaying 2-d turbulence is governed by a {\it discrete} time scale invariance rather than a continuous time scale invariance. Physically, this reflects that the time-evolution of the merging of vortices is not smooth but punctuated, leading to a prefered scale factor and as a consequence to log-periodic oscillations. From a thorough analysis of freely decaying 2-d turbulence experiments, we show that the number of vortices, their radius and separation display log-periodic oscillations as a function of time with an average log-frequency of ~ 4-5 corresponding to a prefered scaling ratio of ~ 1.2-1.3
description: 22 pages and 38 figures. Submitted to Physica D
Electronic Properties of Armchair Carbon Nanotubes : Bosonization Approach
Creators: name: Yoshioka, H.
name: Odintsov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase Hamiltonian of armchair carbon nanotubes at half-filling and away from it is derived from the microscopic lattice model by taking the long range Coulomb interaction into account. We investigate the low energy properties of the system using the renormalization group method. At half-filling, the ground state is a Mott insulator with spin gap, in which the bound states of electrons at different atomic sublattices are formed. The difference from the recent results [Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 5082 (1997)] away half-filling is clarified.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, Revtex
Fire and herbivory shape belowground bud banks in a semi-arid African savanna
Creators: name: Bombo, AB
name: Siebert, F
name: Fidelis, A
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Fire and herbivory are major drivers in tropical savanna ecosystems and they selected a flora composed of species able to cope with recurrent aboveground biomass removal. Renewal of the herbaceous stratum is made possible by resprouting, mostly through a belowground bud bank. Evaluating the impacts of disturbances on the bud bank can assist in predicting post-disturbance responses and system resilience. In a semi-arid savanna, we aimed to verify whether lower fire frequency, fire and herbivory exclusion could affect belowground bud bank and organs diversity and consequently, the resprouting potential. Lower fire frequency or suppression and absence of herbivory were expected to reduce the bud bank density, which was confirmed by our results. If the fire is suppressed or fire frequency is reduced, the total, graminoid and the shrub bud bank decreased, whereas herbivory exclusion resulted in total and a forb bud bank of lower densities. Belowground buds were identified in non-woody and woody rhizomes, stolons, root crowns, and bulbs or corms. Despite having bud banks of lower density, disturbance exclusion promoted belowground biomass accumulation. Our results indicated the importance of maintaining the endogenous disturbances to the preservation of the belowground community and regeneration strategy, guaranteeing resilience in semi-arid savanna communities.
JHK Standard Stars for Large Telescopes: the UKIRT Fundamental and Extended Lists
Creators: name: Hawarden, Timothy G.
name: Leggett, S. K.
name: Letawsky, Michael B.
name: Ballantyne, David R.
name: Casali, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-precision JHK photometry with the 3.8m UK Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) of 83 standard stars, 28 from the widely used preliminary list known as the "UKIRT Faint Standards" (Casali & Hawarden, 1992), referred to here as the Fundamental List, and 55 additional stars referred to as the Extended List. The stars have 9.4
description: 13 pages includes one figure, accepted by MNRAS Feb 2001 Revised Version with a transformation typo corrected
title: Chancen und Risiken von New Leadership Konzepten in Zeiten des demografischen Wandels
title: Unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Generation Z in Energieversorgungsunternehmen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dobrovnik, Janine
Publisher: name: FH CAMPUS 02 (CAMPUS 02 Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 658 Allgemeines Management

description: Der demografische Wandel und der Eintritt der Generation Z in den Arbeitsmarkt führen zu massiven Veränderungen in Bezug auf die Führungskultur und das Arbeitsumfeld. Die Anforderungen der jungen Arbeitnehmer*innen an Arbeitgeber*innen steigen, während Unternehmen mit einem Fachkräftemangel konfrontiert sind. Energieversorgungsunternehmen stehen darüber hinaus sowohl politisch als auch gesellschaftlich unter Druck, Ziele im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien und der Energiewende zu erreichen, wofür sie qualifiziertes Personal benötigen. Das wissenschaftliche Ziel dieser Arbeit besteht darin, mögliche Chancen und Risiken von New Leadership und New Work in Energieversorgungsunternehmen zu untersuchen. Diesbezüglich erfolgte eine intensive Literaturrecherche, auf deren Basis eine empirische Untersuchung mittels leitfadengestützter Experteninterviews durchgeführt wurde. Die anschließende Auswertung erfolgte mittels der inhaltlich strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass es zunehmend wichtiger wird, sich aktiv mit modernen Führungsansätzen auseinanderzusetzen und Energieversorgungsunternehmen in Richtung New Work weiterzuentwickeln. New Leadership Konzepte steigern die Effizienz und ermöglichen Agilität, sodass Energieversorgungsunternehmen in einem immer komplexer werdenden Umfeld rasch auf äußere Einflussfaktoren reagieren können. New Leadership Konzepte berücksichtigen die Digitalisierung und Potenziale moderner Technologien, deren weiterer Ausbau in Richtung künstliche Intelligenz unumgänglich ist. Arbeitnehmer*innen benötigen mehr Handlungsspielraum und Entscheidungsbefugnisse, sodass die Expertise verstärkt bei den Mitarbeiter*innen liegt und das Unternehmen aktiv weiterentwickelt werden kann. Die durch New Work gewonnene Zeitflexibilität und Ortsunabhängigkeit wirken sich positiv auf die Arbeitnehmer*innen aus und eröffnen neue Chancen am Arbeitsmarkt, da die Arbeitgeberattraktivität steigt. New Work und New Leadership berücksichtigen zudem die Anforderungen der Generation Z nach sinnstiftenden Aufgaben, Selbstverwirklichung und gezielten Weiterentwicklungsperspektiven. Die in dieser Arbeit durchgeführten Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die Etablierung von New Leadership in Verbindung mit New Work sowohl für Arbeitgeber*innen als auch Arbeitnehmer*innen zu deutlichen Verbesserungen führt und weitere Potenziale birgt. Nach Ansicht der Expert*innen ist der Einsatz von New Work und New Leadership langfristig unumgänglich.
title: Communiqué de presse du 25 mars 2011 "L’ANRS et l’UPEC annoncent le succès de leur laboratoire d’excellence pour la création d’un Institut de recherche sur le vaccin contre le VIH/sida et l’hépatite C" envoyé par mail à ludovic.tbk.biotec?, copie à Hervé Latapie, Morgane Bomsel
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Pièce jointe : "L'excellence française en pointe recherche mais ne trouve pas le vaccin contre le sida.html".
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111132221319
Quantum Monte Carlo Study of Weakly Coupled Spin Ladders
Creators: name: Kim, Y. J.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Kastner, M. A.
name: Lee, Y. S.
name: Endoh, Y.
name: Shirane, G.
name: Yamada, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a quantum Monte Carlo study of the thermodynamic properties of arrays of spin ladders with various widths ($n$), coupled via a weak inter-ladder exchange coupling $αJ$, where $J$ is the intra-ladder coupling both along and between the chains. This coupled ladder system serves as a simplified model for the magnetism of presumed ordered spin and charge stripes in the two-dimensional CuO$_2$ planes of hole-doped copper oxides. Our results for $n=3$ with weak inter-ladder coupling $α=0.05$, estimated from the $t-t'-t''-J$ model, show good agreement with the ordering temperature of the recently observed spin density wave condensation in La$_2$CuO$_{4+y}$. We show that there exists a quantum critical point at $α_c \simeq 0.07$ for $n=4$, and determine the phase diagram. Our data at this quantum critical point agree quantitatively with the universal scaling predicted by the quantum nonlinear $σ$ model. We also report results on random mixtures of $n=2$ and $n=3$ ladders, which correspond to the doping region near but above 1/8. Our study on the magnetic static structure factor reveals a saturation of the incommensurability of the spin correlations around 1/8, while the incommensurability of the charge stripes grows linearly with hole concentration. The implications of this result for the interpretation of neutron scattering experiments on the dynamic spin fluctuations in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ are discussed.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, 11 eps figures
Homozygous Tangier Disease
Creators: name: Heyningen, Charles Van
name: Gell, Jessica
name: University Of Liverpool
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: A 40-year-old female presented with undetectable HDL cholesterol and apoA-I levels.

On microscopy a blood film showed acanthocytes and elliptocytes. Physical examination showed no discolouration of tonsils or pharynx, no enlargement of liver, spleen or lymph nodes, no peripheral neuropathy and no corneal opacities. She had normal blood pressure and was mildly obese. Computed tomography studies showed mild calcification of the right coronary artery but no arterial stenosis was found on angiography. Her family history is significant with her father having premature cardiovascular disease and a moderately low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other relatives having low or undetectable HDL cholesterol levels. She was found to have a homozygous mutation in the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 gene confirming a diagnosis of Tangier disease. DNA sequencing of the translated exons with flanking intron sequences of the apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) genes did not identify any mutations.
This case study illustrates how a patient with Tangier disease without clinical features may be identified by serum lipid profile screening and finding an undetectable HDL cholesterol level. The diagnosis must be confirmed by genetic analysis of genes associated with low HDL-C. The degree of risk for cardiovascular disease may be estimated by studying the family history of lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular events. As only about 100 cases of Tangier disease have been reported in the literature, future studies should review all confirmed cases to define the phenotypic spectrum.
The resonance peak in cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Morr, Dirk K.
name: Pines, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We pursue the consequences of a theory in which the resonance peak observed in inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments on underdoped and optimally doped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ compounds arises from a spin-wave excitation. We find that it is heavily damped, and thus almost not observable, in the normal state, but becomes visible in the superconducting state due to the drastic decrease in spin damping. We show that a spin-fermion model correctly describes the temperature dependence of the peak position for YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_7$, as well as the doping dependence of the peak position and of the integrated intensity. We explain why no resonance peak has been observed in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$, and make several predictions concerning resonance peaks in other cuprate superconductors.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX, 3 eps figures embedded in the text
Kaluza-Klein Vortices
Creators: name: Onemli, Vakif K.
name: Tekin, Bayram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study static vortex type solutions of pure gravity for $D \geq 4+1 $. Non-singular vortex solutions can be obtained by considering periodic Kaluza-Klein monopoles. We also show that away from the center of the vortices the space is described by the gravitational instantons derived from minimal surfaces.
description: 9 pages, typos corrected, to appear in JHEP
Protoplanetary Disks in the Nearest Star-Forming Cloud: Mid-Infrared Imaging and Optical Spectroscopy of MBM 12 Members
Creators: name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Wolk, Scott J.
name: Navascues, David Barrado y
name: Telesco, Charles M.
name: Hearty, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent identification of several groups of young stars within 100 parsecs of the Sun has generated widespread interest. Given their proximity and possible age differences, these systems are ideally suited for detailed studies of star and planet formation. Here we report on the first investigation of protoplanetary disks in one such group, the high-latitude cloud MBM 12 at a distance of $\sim$65 pc. We present mid-infrared observations of the eight candidate pre-main-sequence (PMS) members and the two main-sequence (MS) stars in the same line-of-sight which may or may not be associated with the group. We have also derived H$α$ and Li line widths from medium-resolution optical spectra. We report the discovery of significant mid-infrared excess from six PMS stars --LkH$α$ 262, LkH$α$ 263, LkH$α$ 264, E02553+2018, RXJ0258.3+1947 and S18 --presumably due to optically thick circumstellar disks. Our flux measurements for the other two PMS stars and the two MS stars are consistent with photospheric emission, allowing us to rule out dusty inner disks. The disks we have found in MBM 12 represent the nearest known sample of very young protoplanetary systems, and thus are prime targets for high-resolution imaging at infrared and millimeter wavelengths.
description: 10 pages including one figure, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL, Kv7 and BBB, AJP-CP, Celentano et al Jan 24 REVISED.pdf
Creators: name: Celentano, Camilla
name: Carotenuto, Lidia
name: Miceli, Francesco
name: Carleo, Giusy
name: Corrado, Brunella
name: Baroli, Giulia
name: Iervolino, Stefania
name: Vecchione, Raffaele
name: Taglialatela, Maurizio
name: Barrese, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320999
subject: Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material for the manuscript entitled: Kv7 CHANNELS ACTIVATION REDUCES BRAIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS PERMEABILITY AND PREVENTS KAINIC ACID INDUCED BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER DAMAGE, showing the expression and pathophysiological role of Kv7 voltage-gated potassium channels in the blood-brain barrier
Tipping the scales: How fire controls the balance among functional groups in Angolan grasslands
Creators: name: Meller, Paulina
name: Frazão, Raquel
name: Lages, Fernanda
name: Jürgens, Norbert
name: Finckh, Manfred
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Fire plays an important role in the ecology of tropical grasslands globally. However, detailed studies comparing the response of plant functional groups to fire seasonality, and thus phenological timing, are scarce from humid Afrotropical grasslands. Such information, however, is crucial for understanding what keeps the grasslands open and for enabling evidence-based management, and conservation. We initiated an experiment in frost- and fire-prone Angolan geoxyle grasslands in 2017, investigating the effect of different timing of fires on cover and diversity of trees, grasses, geoxyles and herbs. We installed permanent, randomised plots with fire exclusion, annual early and late dry-season burning, representing the local burning practices. Functional plant groups reacted differently to the treatments, becoming apparent at species level and their performance metrics. After three years, grass species benefitted from late and no burning, and herbs from late burning, whereas geoxyles thrived under early burning. Tree growth was suppressed under late burning, and did not increase with fire exclusion. Species richness and diversity was higher in burnt than in unburnt plots. Seasonal timing of fire tips the scales between geoxyles and grasses. The extraordinary plant diversity of Angolan geoxyle grasslands is a result of pyrodiversity and frost, keeping the grasslands open even in absence of fire.
Model for Anisotropic Directed Percolation
Creators: name: Nguyen, V. Lien
name: Canessa, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simulation model to study the properties of directed percolation in two-dimensional (2D) anisotropic random media. The degree of anisotropy in the model is given by the ratio $μ$ between the axes of a semi-ellipse enclosing the bonds that promote percolation in one direction. At percolation, this simple model shows that the average number of bonds per site in 2D is an invariant equal to 2.8 independently of $μ$. This result suggests that Sinai's theorem proposed originally for isotropic percolation is also valid for anisotropic directed percolation problems. The new invariant also yields a constant fractal dimension $D_{f} \sim 1.71$ for all $μ$, which is the same value found in isotropic directed percolation (i.e., $μ= 1$).
description: RevTeX, 9 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Phys.Rev.E
One and Two Dimensional Spin Systems in the Regime Close to Deconfinement of Spinons
Creators: name: Byrnes, T. M. R.
name: Murphy, M. T.
name: Sushkov, O. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the Majumdar-Ghosh chain we construct several spin models which allow us to investigate spinon dynamics in the regime close to deconfinement of spinons. We consider the J_1 - J_2 - δmodel, two coupled J_1 - J_2 chains (ladder), and a 2D array of coupled J_1 - J_2 chains. Using the picture of two spinons interacting with a string confining potential we calculate the singlet- triplet splitting, magnetic structure factor, tunneling amplitude of two spinons and the excitation spectra for the ladder and the array.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures (2 eps figures)
Developing holistic portraits : language and language pedagogies in teacher education
Creators: name: Turner, Laura D.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Teacher education
Bilingual perspectives
Language pedagogies
Critical dialogic education

description: Researchers in teacher education are increasingly calling for the dismantling of monolingual assumptions, arguing instead to focus on the everyday languaging practices of multilinguals. Although this focus has been documented in classrooms, little is known as to how teacher educators prepare preservice teachers to take-up, engage with, and enact multilingual pedagogies in traditionally monolingual spaces. In response to this call, in this dissertation study, I use an intersecting framework that combines aspects of critical dialogic education (Kibler et al., 2021) and translanguaging pedagogy (García et al., 2017) to map the ways in which four Early Childhood to Sixth Grade English as a Second Language (ESL) Generalists positioned themselves in relation to language and language pedagogies over time and across contexts. Data was collected over the course of a two-year period and included preservice teacher coursework, language learning histories, classroom artifacts, focus group meetings, and a series of interviews with participants over time. Findings reveal that participants’ inclination to challenge linguistic norms was context-driven, demonstrating a need for researchers to follow preservice teachers as they come into contact with institutional structures and entrenched linguistic norms in classroom and school settings. Findings also reveal that by following preservice teachers over time, teacher educators can create and nourish spaces to understand more about preservice teachers’ evolving roles and positionalities as future teachers of multilingual learners. I discuss implications for teacher education and position this intersecting framework as a pedagogical tool to better foster and sustain commitment to additive language pedagogies in the preparation of teachers and language educators.
Long-term frequent fires do not decrease topsoil carbon and nitrogen in an Afromontane grassland
Creators: name: Findlay, Nicola
name: Manson, Alan
name: Cromsigt, Joris PGM
name: Gordijn, Paul
name: Nixon, Cathy
name: Rietkerk, Max
name: Thibaud, Guy
name: Wassen, Martin J
name: Beest, Mariska te
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Fire has been an integral evolutionary force shaping and maintaining grassy biomes, such as the Afromontane grasslands of South Africa. Afromontane grasslands represent a large carbon reservoir, but it is uncertain how fire affects their long-term C storage. We investigated the effect of fire regime on soil organic C and N (SOC; SON) in a long-term (39-year) burning experiment in the Maloti-Drakensberg Park, South Africa. We compared SOC and SON sampled in 2004 and 2019 from six treatments differing in fire frequency (annual, biennial, five-year, infrequent) and season (spring, autumn). Average SOC increased significantly between 2004 and 2019. Average SON increased slightly, resulting in a significant increase in C:N ratio, indicating that soil organic matter is becoming less N-eutrophic. Importantly, burning annually in spring increased SOC and SON. This unexpected response is attributed to the aluandic (acidic, high organic matter) properties of Drakensberg soils. Burning in autumn did not increase SOC and SON. The lowest C stocks were observed in infrequently burnt plots. Average C sequestration across all fire treatments was 0.30 Mg ha−1 y−1. The observed increase in SOC under frequent fires is contrary to many findings from other studies in grassy ecosystems and notably driven by fire season.
title: Chancen und Risiken durch die Digitalisierung im Bereich Rechnungswesen für Klein- und Mittelbetriebe
Creators: name: Krüger, Claudia
Publisher: name: FH CAMPUS 02 (CAMPUS 02 Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft)
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 657 Rechnungslegung

description: Die rasant fortschreitende Digitalisierung eröffnet Unternehmen vielfältige Möglichkeiten. Auch Klein- und Mittelbetriebe können von der Digitalisierung profitieren, da durch den Einsatz digitaler Technologien repetitive Tätigkeiten zunehmend von Software und KI übernommen werden können. Diese Entwicklung wirft jedoch die Frage auf, welche Chancen und Risiken die Digitalisierung im Rechnungswesen mit sich bringt. Zur Beantwortung der Hauptforschungsfrage wurde im empirischen Teil der Arbeit untersucht, in welchen Bereichen bereits eine teilweise oder vollständige Digitalisierung stattgefunden hat. Ziel dieses Teils war die Ermittlung des aktuellen Standes der Digitalisierung in den Bereichen. Des Weiteren wurden die Anforderungen und Kompetenzen von Mitarbeiter*innen und Führungskräften analysiert, um zu ermitteln, welche Qualifikationen zukünftig erforderlich sein werden, um die Digitalisierung effektiv umzusetzen. Die wissenschaftliche Methode dieser Forschungsarbeit bestand neben der Literaturrecherche in der Durchführung einer empirischen Forschung mittels Experteninterviews. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden zehn Expert*innen in leitenden Positionen im Bereich des Rechnungswesens befragt, um fundierte Erkenntnisse zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen zu erhalten. Die Auswertung der Interviews erfolgte mit Hilfe der Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz, die eine Strukturierung in Haupt- und Subkategorien vorsieht. Als zentrale Ergebnisse sind deutliche Fortschritte im Bereich der Eingangs- und Ausgangsrechnungsprozesse zu verzeichnen. Dieser geschaffene Mehrwert in Form von Effizienzsteigerung und Qualitätsverbesserung trägt wesentlich dazu bei, die Chancen der Digitalisierung optimal zu nutzen. Gleichzeitig wurde festgestellt, dass sich die Unternehmen durch umfassende Sicherheitskonzepte und Maßnahmen zur Prävention von Cyberkriminalität gut auf die mit der Digitalisierung verbundenen Risiken vorbereitet haben. Die Digitalisierung im Rechnungswesen wird voraussichtlich weiter an Bedeutung gewinnen. Zukünftige Entwicklungen könnten ein verstärkter Einsatz von KI oder eine noch stärkere Automatisierung sein.
First principles study of hBN-AlN short-period superlattice heterostructures
Creators: name: Spataru, Catalin D.
name: Crawford, Mary H.
name: Allerman, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a theoretical study of the structural, electronic and optical properties of hBN-AlN superlattice heterostructures (SL) using a first-principles approach based on standard and hybrid Density Functional Theory. We consider short-period ($L<10$ nm) SL and find that their properties depend strongly on the AlN layer thickness $L_{AlN}$. For $L_{AlN}\lesssim1$ nm, AlN stabilizes into the hexagonal phase and SL display insulating behavior with type II interface band alignment and optical gaps as small as $5.2$ eV. The wurtzite phase forms for thicker AlN layers. In these cases built-in electric fields lead to formation of polarization compensating charges as well as two-dimensional conductive behavior for electronic transport along interfaces. We also find defect-like states localized at interfaces which are optically active in the visible range.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures + Suppl. Mat., to appear in Appl. Phys. Lett
Closed Universe in Mirage Cosmology
Creators: name: Youm, Donam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological evolution of the closed universe on a spherical probe brane moving in the AdS$_m\times S^n$ background and the near-horizon background of the dilatonic D-branes. The Friedmann equations describing the evolution of the brane universe, and the effective energy density and pressure simulated on the probe brane due to its motion in the curved background spacetime are obtained and analyzed. We also comment on the relevance of the spherical probe brane to the giant graviton for the special value of the probe energy.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX, errors in effective energy densities and pressures resulting from errors in Eq.(5) are corrected, erroneous analysis of the effective Friedmann equations for the giant graviton cases corrected
SD2_Analyses from Breed function and behaviour correlate with endocranial volume in domestic dogs
Creators: name: Balcarcel, Ana M.
name: Sanchez, Marcelo R
name: Evin, Allowen
name: Nussbaumer, Marc
name: Hemelsdaël, Adeline
name: Geiger, Madeleine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Analyses, statistical tests, and detailed results
Historic changes in the fire-rainfall relationship at a woodland-savanna transition zone in southern Africa
Creators: name: Hamilton, T
name: Archibald, S
name: Woodborne, S
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Southern Africa is dominated by fire-prone arid and semi-arid landscapes that are expected to experience increased maximum temperatures, rainfall variation and frequency of extreme rainfall events in the future. These conditions will affect fire and vegetation dynamics, but feedback and interactions among fire, rainfall and woody cover limit our ability to predict future ecosystem changes. Moreover, human activities can also drive changes in these components and their interactions. There are few long-term datasets available to monitor these changes over ecologically relevant time-scales. Here the combined analysis of a rainfall proxy, developed from a baobab tree core (Adansonia digitata) and fire proxy, from a sediment core, in the savanna-woodland transition zone in South Central Africa elucidates the history of two major drivers of savanna structure for the past 600 years. They show a system that oscillates between wooded and grassy vegetation states over time, as well as a change in the spatial scale of fires, which could be linked to human activities and recent fire management legislation.
SD1_Full_data from Breed function and behaviour correlate with endocranial volume in domestic dogs
Creators: name: Balcarcel, Ana M.
name: Sanchez, Marcelo R
name: Evin, Allowen
name: Nussbaumer, Marc
name: Hemelsdaël, Adeline
name: Geiger, Madeleine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Full data: all morphometric data and variables tested.
User characteristics associated with use of wrist-worn wearables and physical activity apps by adults with and without impaired speech-in-noise recognition: a cross-sectional analysis
Creators: name: Van Wier, Marieke F.
name: Urry, Emily
name: Lissenberg-Witte, Birgit I.
name: Kramer, Sophia E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: To study weekly use of smartwatches, fitness watches and physical activity apps among adults with and without impaired speech-in-noise (SIN) recognition, to identify subgroups of users. Cross-sectional study. Adults (aged 28–80 years) with impaired (n = 384) and normal SIN recognition (n = 341) as measured with a web-based digits-in-noise test, from the Netherlands Longitudinal Study on Hearing. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to study differences and to build an association model. Employed adults in both groups are more likely to use each type of fitness technology (all ORs >3.4, all p-values < 0.004). Specific to fitness watch use, adults living with others use it more (OR 2.5, 95%CI 1.1;5.8, p = 0.033) whereas those abstaining from alcohol (OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.1;0.6) or consuming >2 glasses/week (OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2;0.81, overall p = 0.006) and hearing aid users (OR 0.5, 95%CI 0.2;0.9, p = 0.024) make less use. Subgroups of adults more and less likely to use fitness technology exist, but do not differ between adults with and without impaired SIN recognition. More research is needed to confirm these results and to develop interventions to increase physical activity levels among adults with hearing loss.
The Trans-Relativistic Blast Wave Model for SN 1998bw and GRB 980425
Creators: name: Tan, Jonathan C.
name: Matzner, Christopher D.
name: McKee, Christopher F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatiotemporal coincidence of supernova (SN) 1998bw and gamma-ray burst (GRB) 980425 and this supernova's unusual optical and radio properties have prompted many theoretical models that produce GRBs from supernovae. We review the salient features of our simple, spherical model in which an energetic supernova explosion shock accelerates a small fraction of the progenitor's stellar envelope to mildly relativistic velocities. This material carries sufficient energy to produce a weak GRB and a bright radio supernova through an external shock against a dense stellar wind.
description: 3 pages, To appear in Proceedings of the 20th Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, eds. J. C. Wheeler & H. Martel, AIP
Interaction Constants and Dynamic Conductance of a Gated Wire
Creators: name: Blanter, Ya. M.
name: Hekking, F. W. J.
name: Buttiker, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the interaction constant governing the long-range electron-electron interaction in a quantum wire coupled to two reservoirs and capacitively coupled to a gate can be determined by a low frequency measurement. We present a self-consistent, charge and current conserving theory of the full conductance matrix. The collective excitation spectrum consists of plasma modes with a relaxation rate which increases with the interaction strength and is inversely proportional to the length of the wire. The interaction parameter is determined by the first two coefficients of the out-of-phase component of the dynamic conductance measured at the gate.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, 2 figures