cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An improved Noether's theorem for spacetime symmetries
Creators: name: Kourkoulou, Ioanna
name: Nicolis, Alberto
name: Sun, Guanhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit an ambiguity somewhat hidden in Noether's theorem to derive systematically, for relativistic field theories, the stress-energy tensor's improvement terms that are associated with additional spacetime symmetries beyond translations. We work out explicitly the cases of Lorentz invariance, scale invariance, and full conformal invariance. The main idea is to use, directly in the translation Noether theorem, the fact that these additional symmetries can be thought of as suitably modulated translations. Compared to more standard derivations of the improvement terms, ours (1) unifies all different cases in a single framework, (2) involves no guesswork, (3) yields the desired algebraic properties (symmetry and/or tracelessness) of the stress-energy tensor off-shell, and (4) unifies the translation Noether theorem with those of the additional spacetime symmetries, yielding at the same time both the improved stress-energy tensor and the additional Noether currents.
description: 17 pages
SWAG Newsletter (January, 1979)
Creators: name: Group, Victoria Status Of Women Action
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sex discrimination against women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1114376
subject: Women--Employment--Law and legislation
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176724
subject: Women--Economic conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176665
subject: Women--Legal status, laws, etc.
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176824
subject: Women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176568
subject: Women's rights
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1178818
subject: Women--Societies and clubs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176970
subject: Women--Social conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176947
subject: Feminism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/922671

description: The Victoria chapter of the Status of Women Action Group (SWAG) was formed in 1971 in response to the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. SWAG is a feminist organization that promotes economic, political and social equality and freedom for women. It is a non-profit society with several committees working on specific issues of concern to women. The group is an active member of the BC and Yukon Association of Women's Centres and the National Action Committee on the Status of Women.
Zonostrophic instability driven by discrete particle noise
Creators: name: St-Onge, D. A.
name: Krommes, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The consequences of discrete particle noise for a system possessing a possibly unstable collective mode are discussed. It is argued that a zonostrophic instability (of homogeneous turbulence to the formation of zonal flows) occurs just below the threshold for linear instability. The scenario provides a new interpretation of the random forcing that is ubiquitously invoked in stochastic models such as the second-order cumulant expansion (CE2) or stochastic structural instability theory (SSST); neither intrinsic turbulence nor coupling to extrinsic turbulence is required. A representative calculation of the zonostrophic neutral curve is made for a simple two-field model of toroidal ion-temperature-gradient-driven modes. To the extent that the damping of zonal flows is controlled by the ion--ion collision rate, the point of zonostrophic instability is independent of that rate.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Phenomenological study of $Z'$ in the minimal $B-L$ model at LHC
Creators: name: M, Balasubramaniam. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenological study of neutral heavy gauge boson ($Z^{\prime}_{B-L}$) of the minimal B-L extension was done on the dimuon production channel of the LHC. The study begins with the LEP-II constraints on $Z'$ searches, and the dimuon events are simulated at the parton level at the CM energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV and studied with an integrated luminosity of 1.21 $fb^{-1}$ and 20.5 $fb^{-1}$ respectively. Later, the ATLAS detector-specific cuts unique to the Muon Pairs are imposed followed by the signal-selection-cuts on the Invariant Mass of the dimuon which restrict the events that are to be passed for Signal-Background Analysis, that are finally compared with the ATLAS data, and accounted for no experimental detection of $Z^{\prime}_{B-L}$ boson. It has been simulated further at the CM energy of 14 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 300 $fb^{-1}$ to predict a possible discovery of this B-L neutral-heavy gauge boson with a mass corresponding to 1.5 TeV and a $Z'$ coupling strength of 0.2 based on the signal-background analysis.
description: Prepared for Pheno01@IISERM's Proceedings to get published in Pramana - Journal of Physics, 9 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables with updated references and citations. And the section - 2, 'Theoretical Framework' of this article builds mostly from arXiv:1106.4462 by another author
Interplay of thermalization and strong disorder: Wave turbulence theory, numerical simulations, and experiments in multimode optical fibers
Creators: name: Berti, Nicolas
name: Baudin, Kilian
name: Fusaro, Adrien
name: Millot, Guy
name: Picozzi, Antonio
name: Garnier, Josselin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76F02 78A60

description: We address the problem of thermalization in the presence of a time-dependent disorder in the framework of the nonlinear Schrödinger (or Gross-Pitaevskii) equation with a random potential. The thermalization to the Rayleigh-Jeans distribution is driven by the nonlinearity. On the other hand, the structural disorder is responsible for a relaxation toward the homogeneous equilibrium distribution (particle equipartition), which thus inhibits thermalization (energy equipartition). On the basis of the wave turbulence theory, we derive a kinetic equation that accounts for the presence of strong disorder. The theory unveils the interplay of disorder and nonlinearity. It unexpectedly reveals that a non-equilibrium process of condensation and thermalization can take place in the regime where disorder effects dominate over nonlinear effects. We validate the theory by numerical simulations of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the derived kinetic equation, which are found in quantitative agreement without using adjustable parameters. Experiments realized in multimode optical fibers with an applied external stress evidence the process of thermalization in the presence of strong disorder.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Bellman Meets Hawkes: Model-Based Reinforcement Learning via Temporal Point Processes
Creators: name: Qu, Chao
name: Tan, Xiaoyu
name: Xue, Siqiao
name: Shi, Xiaoming
name: Zhang, James
name: Mei, Hongyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a sequential decision making problem where the agent faces the environment characterized by the stochastic discrete events and seeks an optimal intervention policy such that its long-term reward is maximized. This problem exists ubiquitously in social media, finance and health informatics but is rarely investigated by the conventional research in reinforcement learning. To this end, we present a novel framework of the model-based reinforcement learning where the agent's actions and observations are asynchronous stochastic discrete events occurring in continuous-time. We model the dynamics of the environment by Hawkes process with external intervention control term and develop an algorithm to embed such process in the Bellman equation which guides the direction of the value gradient. We demonstrate the superiority of our method in both synthetic simulator and real-world problem.
The fate of lignin in the gut of termites
Creators: name: Cookson, Lawrence James.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Coordination in Categorical Compositional Distributional Semantics
Creators: name: Kartsaklis, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An open problem with categorical compositional distributional semantics is the representation of words that are considered semantically vacuous from a distributional perspective, such as determiners, prepositions, relative pronouns or coordinators. This paper deals with the topic of coordination between identical syntactic types, which accounts for the majority of coordination cases in language. By exploiting the compact closed structure of the underlying category and Frobenius operators canonically induced over the fixed basis of finite-dimensional vector spaces, we provide a morphism as representation of a coordinator tensor, and we show how it lifts from atomic types to compound types. Linguistic intuitions are provided, and the importance of the Frobenius operators as an addition to the compact closed setting with regard to language is discussed.
description: In Proceedings SLPCS 2016, arXiv:1608.01018
On the robustness of solitons crystals in the Skyrme model
Creators: name: Barriga, Gonzalo
name: Canfora, Fabrizio
name: Lagos, Marcela
name: Torres, Matías
name: Vera, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analize how the inclusion of extra mesonic degrees of freedom affect the finite density solitons crystals of the Skyrme model. In particular, the first analytic examples of hadronic crystals at finite baryon density in both the Skyrme $ω$-mesons model as well as for the Skyrme $ρ$-mesons theory are constructed. These configurations have arbitrary topological charge and describe crystals of baryonic tubes surrounded by a cloud of vector-mesons. In the $ω$-mesons case, it is possible to reduce consistently the complete set of seven coupled non-linear field equations to just two integrable differential equations; one ODE for the Skyrmion profile and one PDE for the $ω$-mesons field. This analytical construction allows to show explicitly how the inclusion of $ω$-mesons in the Skyrme model reduces the repulsive interaction energy between baryons. In the Skyrme $ρ$-mesons case, it is possible to construct analytical solutions using a meron-type ansatz and fixing one of the couplings of the $ρ$-mesons action in terms of the others. We show that, quite remarkably, the values obtained for the coupling constants by requiring the consistency of our ansatz are very close to the values used in the literature to reduce nuclei binding energies of the Skyrme model without vector-mesons. Moreover, our analytical results are in qualitative agreement with the available results on the nuclear spaghetti phase.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B
Coherent Many-Body Oscillations Induced by a Superposition of Broken Symmetry States in the Wake of a Quantum Phase Transition
Creators: name: Dziarmaga, Jacek
name: Rams, Marek M.
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now widely accepted that quenches through the critical region of quantum phase transitions result in post-transition states populated with topological defects -- analogs of the classical topological defects. However, consequences of the very non-classical fact that the state after a quench is a {\it superposition} of distinct, broken-symmetry vacua with different numbers and locations of defects have remained largely unexplored. We identify coherent quantum oscillations induced by such superpositions in observables complementary to the one involved in symmetry breaking. These oscillations satisfy Kibble-Zurek dynamical scaling laws with the quench rate, with an instantaneous oscillation frequency set primarily by the gap of the system. In addition to the obvious fundamental significance of a superposition of different broken symmetry states, quantum coherent oscillations can be used to verify unitarity and test for imperfections of the experimental implementations of quantum simulators.
description: version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. with a new example of non-integrable model
Sub-stellar Companions of Intermediate-mass Stars with CoRoT: CoRoT-34b, CoRoT-35b, and CoRoT-36b
Creators: name: Sebastian, D.
name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Deleuil, M.
name: Dorsch, M.
name: Heber, U.
name: Heuser, C.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Grziwa, S.
name: Deeg, H. J.
name: Alonso, R.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Csizmadia, Sz.
name: Cusano, F.
name: Fridlund, M.
name: Geier, S.
name: Irrgang, A.
name: Korth, J.
name: Nespral, D.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Tal-Or, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories of planet formation give contradicting results of how frequent close-in giant planets of intermediate mass stars (IMSs; $\rm 1.3\leq M_{\star}\leq 3.2\,M_{\rm \odot}$) are. Some theories predict a high rate of IMSs with close-in gas giants, while others predict a very low rate. Thus, determining the frequency of close-in giant planets of IMSs is an important test for theories of planet formation. We use the CoRoT survey to determine the absolute frequency of IMSs that harbour at least one close-in giant planet and compare it to that of solar-like stars. The CoRoT transit survey is ideal for this purpose, because of its completeness for gas-giant planets with orbital periods of less than 10 days and its large sample of main-sequence IMSs. We present a high precision radial velocity follow-up programme and conclude on 17 promising transit candidates of IMSs, observed with CoRoT. We report the detection of CoRoT-34b, a brown dwarf close to the hydrogen burning limit, orbiting a 1.1 Gyr A-type main-sequence star. We also confirm two inflated giant planets, CoRoT-35b, part of a possible planetary system around a metal-poor star, and CoRoT-36b on a misaligned orbit. We find that $0.12 \pm 0.10\,\%$ of IMSs between $1.3\leq M_{\star}\leq 1.6 M_{\rm \odot}$ observed by CoRoT do harbour at least one close-in giant planet. This is significantly lower than the frequency ($0.70 \pm 0.16\,\%$) for solar-mass stars, as well as the frequency of IMSs harbouring long-period planets ($\rm \sim 8\,\%$).
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Observation of electron excitation into silicon conduction band by slow-ion surface neutralization
Creators: name: Shchemelinin, S.
name: Breskin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bare reverse biased silicon photodiodes were exposed to 3eV He+, Ne+, Ar+, N2+, N+ and H2O+ ions. In all cases an increase of the reverse current through the diode was observed. This effect and its dependence on the ionization energy of the incident ions and on other factors are qualitatively explained in the framework of Auger-type surface neutralization theory. Amplification of the ion-induced charge was observed with an avalanche photodiode under high applied bias. The observed effect can be considered as ion-induced internal potential electron emission into the conduction band of silicon. To the best of our knowledge, no experimental evidence of such effect was previously reported. Possible applications are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Monash University landsat image processing system
Creators: name: Neri, Con.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Atomic Gas Dominates the Baryonic Mass of Star-forming Galaxies at $z \approx 1.3$
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Aditya
name: Kanekar, Nissim
name: Chengalur, Jayaram N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparison between the average atomic gas mass, $\langle M_{Atom}\rangle$ (including HI and He), the average molecular gas mass, $\langle M_{Mol}\rangle$, and the average stellar mass, $\langle M_*\rangle$, of a sample of star-forming galaxies at $z\approx0.75-1.45$, to probe the baryonic composition of galaxies in and during the epoch of peak star-formation activity in the universe. The $\langle M_{Atom}\rangle$ values of star-forming galaxies in two stellar-mass matched samples at $z=0.74-1.25$ and $z=1.25-1.45$, were derived by stacking their HI 21cm signals in the GMRT-CAT$z1$ survey. We find that the baryonic composition of star-forming galaxies at $z\gtrsim 1$ is dramatically different from that at $z\approx0$. For star-forming galaxies with $\langle M_*\rangle\approx10^{10} M_\odot$, the contribution of stars to the total baryonic mass, $M_{Baryon}$, is $\approx61\%$ at $z\approx0$, but only $\approx16\%$ at $z\approx1.3$, while molecular gas constitutes $\approx6\%$ of the baryonic mass at $z\approx0$, and $\approx14\%$ at $z\approx1.3$. Remarkably, we find that atomic gas makes up $\approx70\%$ of $M_{Baryon}$ in star-forming galaxies at $z\approx1.3$. We find that the ratio $\langle M_{Atom}\rangle/\langle M_*\rangle$ is higher both at $z\approx1.0$ and at $z\approx1.3$ than in the local Universe, with $\langle M_{Atom}\rangle/\langle M_*\rangle\approx1.4$ at $z\approx1.0$, and $\approx4.4$ at $z\approx1.3$, compared to its value of $\approx0.5$ today. Further, we find that the ratio $\langle M_{Atom}\rangle/\langle M_{Mol}\rangle$ in star-forming galaxies with $\langle M_*\rangle \approx10^{10} M_\odot$ is $\approx2.3$ at $z\approx1.0$ and $\approx5.0$ at $z\approx1.3$. Overall, we find that atomic gas is the dominant component of the baryonic mass of star-forming galaxies at $z\approx1.3$, during the epoch of peak star-formation activity in the universe.
description: 9 Pages, 4 Figures; Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. Updated with minor changes to match version in press
How local antipredator response unbalances the rock-paper-scissors model
Creators: name: Menezes, J.
name: Batista, S.
name: Tenorio, M.
name: Triaca, E. A.
name: Moura, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antipredator behaviour is a self-preservation strategy present in many biological systems, where individuals join the effort in a collective reaction to avoid being caught by an approaching predator. We study a nonhierarchical tritrophic system, whose predator-prey interactions are described by the rock-paper-scissors game rules. We performed a set of spatial stochastic simulations where organisms of one out of the species can resist predation in a collective strategy. The drop in predation capacity is local, which means that each predator faces a particular opposition depending on the prey group size surrounding it. Considering that the interference in a predator action depends on the prey's physical and cognitive ability, we explore the role of a conditioning factor that indicates the fraction of the species apt to perform the antipredator strategy. Because of the local unbalancing of the cyclic predator-prey interactions, departed spatial domains mainly occupied by a single species emerge. Unlike the rock-paper-scissors model with a weak species because a nonlocal reason, our findings show that if the predation probability of one species is reduced because individuals face local antipredator response, the species does not predominate. Instead, the local unbalancing of the rock-paper-scissors model results in the prevalence of the weak species' prey. Finally, the outcomes show that local unevenness may jeopardise biodiversity, with the coexistence being more threatened for high mobility.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures
Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory
Creators: name: Allys, Erwan
name: Peter, Patrick
name: Rodriguez, Yeinzon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following previous works on generalized Abelian Proca theory, also called vector Galileon, we investigate the massive extension of an SU(2) gauge theory, i.e., the generalized SU(2) Proca model, which could be dubbed non-Abelian vector Galileon. This particular symmetry group permits fruitful applications in cosmology such as inflation driven by gauge fields. Our approach consists in building, in an exhaustive way, all the Lagrangians containing up to six contracted Lorentz indices. For this purpose, and after identifying by group theoretical considerations all the independent Lagrangians which can be written at these orders, we consider the only linear combinations propagating three degrees of freedom and having healthy dynamics for their longitudinal mode, i.e., whose pure Stückelberg contribution turns into the SU(2) multi-Galileon dynamics. Finally, and after having considered the curved space-time expansion of these Lagrangians, we discuss the form of the theory at all subsequent orders.
description: LaTeX file in Revtex4 style, 25 pages in single column, no figures. v2: miscellaneous changes. Version to be published in Physical Review D
Near Resonant Approximation of the Rotating Stratified Boussinesq system on a 3-Torus
Creators: name: Cheng, Bin
name: Sakellaris, Zisis N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B25, 35B34, 35A01, 86A10, 42B37 (primary) 35Q30 (secondary)

description: Based on a novel treatment of near resonances, we introduce a new approximation for the rotating stratified Boussinesq system on three-dimensional tori with arbitrary aspect ratios. The rotation and stratification parameters are arbitrary and not equal. We obtain global existence for the proposed nonlinear system for arbitrarily large initial data. This system is sufficiently accurate, with an important feature of coupling effects between slow and fast modes. The key to global existence is a sharp counting of the relevant number of nonlinear interactions. An additional regularity advantage arises from a careful examination of some mixed type interaction coefficients. In a wider context, the significance of our near resonant approach is a delicate balance between the inclusion of more interacting modes and the improvement of regularity properties, compared to the well-studied singular limit approach based on exact resonance.
Hybrid Analog and Digital Precoding: From Practical RF System Models to Information Theoretic Bounds
Creators: name: Venkateswaran, Vijay
name: Krishnan, Rajet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hybrid analog-digital precoding is a key millimeter wave access technology, where an antenna array with reduced number of radio frequency (RF) chains is used with an RF precoding matrix to increase antenna gain at a reasonable cost. However, digital and RF precoder algorithms must be accompa- nied by a detailed system model of the RF precoder. In this work, we provide fundamental RF system models for these precoders, and show their impact on achievable rates. We show that hybrid precoding systems suffer from significant degradation, once the limitations of RF precoding network are accounted. We subsequently quantify this performance degradation, and use it as a reference for comparing the performance of different precoding methods. These results indicate that hybrid precoders must be redesigned (and their rates recomputed) to account for practical factors.
description: Accepted in Globecom 16 WS
Applying Masked Language Modeling to Enhance Song Lyrics Prediction in the LyrAIcs ERC Project
Creators: name: Ghajari, Adrián
name: Hernández, Pedro
name: Benito-Santos, Alejandro
name: Ros, Salvador
name: Fresno, Víctor
name: González-Blanco, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Language models, transfer learning, domain adaptation, song recommendations

description: Language models, particularly large-scale transformer models, have significantly advanced the state-of-the-art in various natural language processing tasks. Among their most notable features is transfer learning, which allows models pre-trained on generic data to be fine-tuned for specific tasks, yielding competitive results with reduced computational costs. Transfer learning works under the assumption that both training and test data share the same distribution and similar joint probability distributions, which is not always the case. Domain adaptation, a sub-field of machine learning where models are further trained on task-specific data, has also demonstrated improvements in several aspects of the performance of language models. In this paper, we present the LyrAIcs project, which aims to improve song recommendations by leveraging unsupervised domain adaptation of pre-trained language models. Song lyrics, characterized by their deviation from grammatical norms and emotive nature, present unique challenges for natural language understanding. This work investigates the techniques and process of unsupervised domain adaptation.
Intrinsically [Sigma-O-2] relations
Creators: name: Barker, Ewan James.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Decompaction-wave propagation in a vibrated fine powder bed
Creators: name: Sonar, Prasad
name: Katsuragi, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study the crack formation and decompaction-wave propagating in a vibrated powder bed consisting of glass beads of 5 μm in diameter. The vibrated powder bed exhibits three distinct phases depending on the vibration conditions: consolidation (CS), static fracture (SF), and dynamic fracture (DF). Particularly, we found an upward wave propagation in the DF regime when the powder bed is strongly vibrated. As a remarkable feature, we found that in fine cohesive powders, the decompaction-wave propagation speed normalized to gravitational speed is independent of the shaking strength. This result implies that the wave propagation speed is governed by the balance between gravity and cohesion effect rather than vibration strength. We also explore the universality of wave propagation phenomenon in coarser and low-density granular powders.
SWAG Newsletter (February, 1979)
Creators: name: Group, Victoria Status Of Women Action
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Women--Legal status, laws, etc.
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176824
subject: Women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176568
subject: Women's rights
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1178818
subject: Women--Societies and clubs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176970
subject: Women--Social conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176947
subject: Sex discrimination against women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1114376
subject: Women--Economic conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176665
subject: Feminism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/922671
subject: Women--Employment--Law and legislation
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176724

description: The Victoria chapter of the Status of Women Action Group (SWAG) was formed in 1971 in response to the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. SWAG is a feminist organization that promotes economic, political and social equality and freedom for women. It is a non-profit society with several committees working on specific issues of concern to women. The group is an active member of the BC and Yukon Association of Women's Centres and the National Action Committee on the Status of Women.
The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in the Standard and Double Collapse Models
Creators: name: Libanov, Alexander
name: Sharofeev, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) is a powerful future tool to constrain core-collapse explosion mechanisms without observation of a nearby event, and the corresponding signal has been calculated for a variety of collapse models. For Supernova (SN) 1987A, a peculiar double neutrino burst was detected, but models for the double collapse have never been studied in the DSNB context. Here, we fill this gap and compare the DSNB signal expected in the Standard Collapse (SC) and the Double Collapse (DC) models in various future detectors, including Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO, DUNE and the Large Baksan Neutrino Telescope (LBNT). We calculate the spectra of diffuse neutrinos and antineutrinos in the DC model and determine the rate of registered events as a function of energy of the detected particle, taking into account detector parameters. For each detector, we estimate the corresponding uncertainties and the background and compare the signals expected for the SC and DC models. We conclude that the combination of DUNE and LBNT data will have the highest sensitivity to discriminate between the SC and DC models.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. Formalization was changed; revised argument in section 4, results unchanged; typos corrected in section 2. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D
High Precision, Low Excitation Capactiance Measurement Methods from 10 mK- to Room-Temperature
Creators: name: Zhao, Lili
name: Lin, Wenlu
name: Fan, Xing
name: Song, Yuanjun
name: Lu, Hong
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Capacitance measurement is a useful technique in studying quantum devices, as it directly probes the local particle charging properties, i.e. the system compressibility. Here we report one approach which can measure capacitance from mK to room temperature with excellent accuracy. Our experiments show that such a high-precision technique is able to reveal delicate and essential properties of high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems.
Contractile and histochemical changes in the rabbit respiratory muscles during development
Creators: name: Srb, Olga Drahoslava.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Water shielding in the terrestrial planet-forming zone: Implication for inner disk organics
Creators: name: Duval, Sara E.
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical composition of the inner region of protoplanetary disks can trace the composition of planetary building material. The exact elemental composition of the inner disk has not yet been measured and tensions between models and observations still exist. Recent advancements have shown UV-shielding to be able to increase emission of organics. Here, we expand on these models and investigate how UV-shielding may impact chemical composition in the inner 5 au. In this work, we use the model from arxiv:2204.07108 and expand it with a larger chemical network. We focus on the chemical abundances in the upper disk atmosphere where the effects of water UV-shielding are most prominent and molecular lines originate. We find rich carbon and nitrogen chemistry with enhanced abundances of C2H2, CH4, HCN, CH3CN, and NH3 by > 3 orders of magnitude. This is caused by the self-shielding of H2O, which locks oxygen in water. This subsequently results in a suppression of oxygen-containing species like CO and CO2. The increase in C2H2 seen in the model with the inclusion of water UV-shielding allows us to explain the observed C2H2 abundance without resorting to elevated C/O ratios as water UV-shielding induced an effectively oxygen-poor environment in oxygen-rich gas. Thus, water UV-shielding is important for reproducing the observed abundances of hydrocarbons and nitriles. From our model result, species like CH4, NH3, and NO are expected to be observable with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, accepted to ApJL
Learning quantum dissipation by the neural ordinary differential equation
Creators: name: Chen, Li
name: Wu, Yadong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dissipation arises from the unavoidable coupling between a quantum system and its surrounding environment, which is known as a major obstacle in the quantum processing of information. Apart from its existence, how to trace the dissipation from observational data is a crucial topic that may stimulate manners to suppress the dissipation. In this paper, we propose to learn the quantum dissipation from dynamical observations using the neural ordinary differential equation, and then demonstrate this method concretely on two open quantum-spin systems -- a large spin system and a spin-1/2 chain. We also investigate the learning efficiency of the dataset, which provides useful guidance for data acquisition in experiments. Our work promisingly facilitates effective modeling and decoherence suppression in open quantum systems.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
A tale of tails through generalized unitarity
Creators: name: Edison, Alex
name: Levi, Michèle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel framework to study high-order gravitational effects on a binary from the scattering of its emitted gravitational radiation. Here we focus on the radiation-reaction due to the background of the binary's gravitational potential, namely on the so-called tail effects, as the starting point to this type of scattering effects. We start from the effective field theory of a binary composite-particle. Through multi-loop and generalized-unitarity methods, we derive the causal effective actions of the dynamical multipoles, the energy spectra, and the observable flux, due to these effects. We proceed through the third subleading such radiation-reaction effect, at the four-loop level and seventh order in post-Newtonian gravity, shedding new light on the higher-order effects, and pushing the state of the art.
description: 9 pp, 3 figures, published
The feeding ecology of the koala, phascolarctos cinereus in a mixed eucalyptus forest
Creators: name: Hindell, Mark Andrew.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A Model of White Dwarf Pulsar AR Scorpii
Creators: name: Geng, Jin-Jun
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Huang, Yong-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 3.56-hour white dwarf (WD) - M dwarf (MD) close binary system, AR Scorpii, was recently reported to show pulsating emission in radio, IR, optical, and UV, with a 1.97-minute period, which suggests the existence of a WD with a rotation period of 1.95 minutes. We propose a model to explain the temporal and spectral characteristics of the system. The WD is a nearly perpendicular rotator, with both open field line beams sweeping the MD stellar wind periodically. A bow shock propagating into the stellar wind accelerates electrons in the wind. Synchrotron radiation of these shocked electrons can naturally account for the broad-band (from radio to X-rays) spectral energy distribution of the system.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, ApJL accepted
From atomistic systems to linearized continuum models for elastic materials with voids
Creators: name: Friedrich, Manuel
name: Kreutz, Leonard
name: Zemas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A45, 49J45, 49Q20, 70G75, 74G65

description: We study an atomistic model that describes the microscopic formation of material voids inside elastically stressed solids under an additional curvature regularization at the discrete level. Using a discrete-to-continuum analysis, by means of a recent geometric rigidity result in variable domains [27] and Γ-convergence tools, we rigorously derive effective linearized continuum models for elastically stressed solids with material voids in three-dimensional elasticity.
Ribbon tensor structure on the full representation categories of the singlet vertex algebras
Creators: name: Creutzig, Thomas
name: McRae, Robert
name: Yang, Jinwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B69, 18M15, 81R10, 81T40

description: We show that the category of finite-length generalized modules for the singlet vertex algebra $\mathcal{M}(p)$, $p\in\mathbb{Z}_{>1}$, is equal to the category $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}(p)}$ of $C_1$-cofinite $\mathcal{M}(p)$-modules, and that this category admits the vertex algebraic braided tensor category structure of Huang-Lepowsky-Zhang. Since $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}(p)}$ includes the uncountably many typical $\mathcal{M}(p)$-modules, which are simple $\mathcal{M}(p)$-module structures on Heisenberg Fock modules, our results substantially extend our previous work on tensor categories of atypical $\mathcal{M}(p)$-modules. We also introduce a tensor subcategory $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}(p)}^T$, graded by an algebraic torus $T$, which has enough projectives and is conjecturally tensor equivalent to the category of finite-dimensional weight modules for the unrolled restricted quantum group of $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a $2p$th root of unity. We compute all tensor products involving simple and projective $\mathcal{M}(p)$-modules, and we prove that both tensor categories $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}(p)}$ and $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{M}(p)}^T$ are rigid and thus also ribbon. As an application, we use vertex operator algebra extension theory to show that the representation categories of all finite cyclic orbifolds of the triplet vertex algebras $\mathcal{W}(p)$ are non-semisimple modular tensor categories, and we confirm a conjecture of Adamović-Lin-Milas on the classification of simple modules for these finite cyclic orbifolds.
description: 65 pages
10-Year Transformation of the Obscuring Wind in NGC 5548
Creators: name: Mehdipour, Missagh
name: Kriss, Gerard A.
name: Costantini, Elisa
name: Gu, Liyi
name: Kaastra, Jelle S.
name: Landt, Hermine
name: Mao, Junjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A decade ago the archetypal Seyfert-1 galaxy NGC 5548 was discovered to have undergone major spectral changes. The soft X-ray flux had dropped by a factor of 30 while new broad and blueshifted UV absorption lines appeared. This was explained by the emergence of a new obscuring wind from the accretion disk. Here we report on the striking long-term variability of the obscuring disk wind in NGC 5548 including new observations taken in 2021-2022 with the Swift Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope's (HST) Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS). The X-ray spectral hardening as a result of obscuration has declined over the years, reaching its lowest in 2022 at which point we find the broad C IV UV absorption line to be nearly vanished. The associated narrow low-ionization UV absorption lines, produced previously when shielded from the X-rays, are also remarkably diminished in 2022. We find a highly significant correlation between the variabilities of the X-ray hardening and the equivalent width of the broad C IV absorption line, demonstrating that X-ray obscuration is inherently linked to disk winds. We derive for the first time a relation between the X-ray and UV covering fractions of the obscuring wind using its long-term evolution. The diminished X-ray obscuration and UV absorption are likely caused by an increasingly intermittent supply of outflowing streams from the accretion disk. This results in growing gaps and interstices in the clumpy disk wind, thereby reducing its covering fractions.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL), 6 pages, 4 figures
Maximal X-ray feedback in the pre-reionization universe
Creators: name: Jeon, Junehyoung
name: Bromm, Volker
name: Finkelstein, Steven L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray feedback in the pre-reionization Universe provided one of the major energy sources for reionization and the thermal evolution of the early intergalactic medium. However, X-ray sources at high redshift have remained largely inaccessible to observations. One alternative approach to study the overall effect of X-ray feedback in the early Universe is a full cosmological simulation. Toward this goal, in this paper we create an analytic model of X-ray feedback from accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs), to be used as a sub-grid model in future cosmological simulations. Our analytic model provides a relation between the mass of a dark matter halo and the SMBH it hosts, where the efficiency is governed by an energy balance argument between thermal feedback and the confining gravitational potential of the halo. To calibrate the model, we couple the halo-level recipe with the Press-Schechter halo mass function and derive global mass and energy densities. We then compare our model to various observational constraints, such as the resulting soft X-ray and IR cosmic radiation backgrounds, to test our choice of model parameters. We in particular derive model parameters that do not violate any constraints, while providing maximal X-ray feedback prior to reionization. In addition, we consider the contribution of SMBH X-ray sources to reionization and the global 21 cm absorption signal.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Supplementary material from "Classification of alpine grasslands in the western Tian Shan Mountains (Kyrgyzstan, Middle Asia)"
Creators: name: Swacha, Grzegorz
name: Świerszcz, Sebastian
name: Nowak, Sylwia
name: Nobis, Marcin
name: Nowak, Arkadiusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310899
subject: Plant biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310302
subject: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)
classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: This data contains the analytic table including type relevés (Tab. S1) and the synoptic table (Tab. S2) of alpine grasslands in the western Tian Shan Mountains (Kyrgyzstan, Middle Asia).
The swelling and shrinking of spherical thermo-responsive hydrogels
Creators: name: Butler, Matthew D.
name: Montenegro-Johnson, Thomas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermo-responsive hydrogels are a promising material for creating controllable actuators for use in micro-scale devices, since they expand and contract significantly (absorbing or expelling fluid) in response to relatively small temperature changes. Understanding such systems can be difficult because of the spatially- and temporally-varying properties of the gel, and the complex relationships between the fluid dynamics, elastic deformation of the gel and chemical interaction between the polymer and fluid. We address this using a poro-elastic model, considering the dynamics of a thermo-responsive spherical hydrogel after a sudden change in the temperature that should result in substantial swelling or shrinking. We focus on two model examples, with equilibrium parameters extracted from data in the literature. We find a range of qualitatively different behaviours when swelling and shrinking, including cases where swelling and shrinking happen smoothly from the edge, and other situations which result in the formation of an inwards-travelling spherical front that separates a core and shell with markedly different degrees of swelling. We then characterise when each of these scenarios is expected to occur. An approximate analytical form for the front dynamics is developed, with two levels of constant porosity, that well-approximates the numerical solutions. This system can be evolved forward in time, and is simpler to solve than the full numerics, allowing for more efficient predictions to be made, such as when deciding dosing strategies for drug-laden hydrogels.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Fluid Mechanics