cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantification of spin-charge interconversion in highly resistive sputtered Bi$_x$Se$_{1-x}$ with non-local spin valves
Creators: name: Arango, Isabel C.
name: Choi, Won Young
name: Pham, Van Tuong
name: Groen, Inge
name: Vaz, Diogo C.
name: Debashis, Punyashloka
name: Li, Hai
name: DC, Mahendra
name: Oguz, Kaan
name: Chuvilin, Andrey
name: Hueso, Luis E.
name: Young, Ian A.
name: Casanova, Fèlix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of spin-orbitronic devices, such as magneto-electric spin-orbit logic devices, calls for materials with a high resistivity and a high spin-charge interconversion efficiency. One of the most promising candidates in this regard is sputtered Bi$_x$Se$_{1-x}$. Although there are several techniques to quantify spin-charge interconversion, to date reported values for sputtered Bi$_x$Se$_{1-x}$ have often been overestimated due to spurious effects related to local currents combined with a lack of understanding of the effect of the interfaces and the use of approximations for unknown parameters, such as the spin diffusion length. In the present study, non-local spin valves are used to inject pure spin currents into Bi$_x$Se$_{1-x}$, allowing us to directly obtain its spin diffusion length as well as its spin Hall angle, from 10 K up to 300 K. These values, which are more accurate than those previously reported in sputtered Bi$_x$Se$_{1-x}$, evidence that the efficiency of this material is not exceptional. Indeed, the figure of merit for spin-charge interconversion, given by the product of these two parameters, is slightly under 1 nm. Our work demonstrates the importance of considering all material parameters and interfaces when quantifying the spin transport properties of materials with strong spin-orbit coupling.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, and Supplemental Material
Ionization in Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets V: Alfvén Ionization
Creators: name: Stark, Craig R.
name: Helling, Christiane
name: Diver, Declan A.
name: Rimmer, Paul B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of continuous radio and sporadic X-ray emission from low-mass objects suggest they harbour localized plasmas in their atmospheric environments. For low-mass objects, the degree of thermal ionization is insufficient to qualify the ionized component as a plasma, posing the question: what ionization processes can efficiently produce the required plasma that is the source of the radiation? We propose Alfvén ionization as a mechanism for producing localized pockets of ionized gas in the atmosphere, having sufficient degrees of ionization ($\geq10^{-7}$) that they constitute plasmas. We outline the criteria required for Alfvén ionization and demonstrate it's applicability in the atmospheres of low-mass objects such as giant gas planets, brown dwarfs and M-dwarfs for both solar and sub-solar metallicities. We find that Alfvén ionization is most efficient at mid to low atmospheric pressures where a seed plasma is easier to magnetize and the pressure gradients needed to drive the required neutral flows are the smallest. For the model atmospheres considered, our results show that degrees of ionization of $10^{-6}-1$ can be obtained as a result of Alfvén ionization. Observable consequences include continuum Bremsstrahlung emission, superimposed with spectral lines from the plasma ion species (e.g. He, Mg, H$_{2}$ or CO lines). Forbidden lines are also expected from the metastable population. The presence of an atmospheric plasma opens the door to a multitude of plasma and chemical processes not yet considered in current atmospheric models. The occurrence of Alfvén ionization may also be applicable to other astrophysical environments such as protoplanetary disks.
description: 53 pages, 18 figures, Accepted to ApJ
Direct Observation of Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity in Electron Donor-Acceptor Molecules
Creators: name: Eckvahl, Hannah J.
name: Tcyrulnikov, Nikolai A.
name: Chiesa, Alessandro
name: Bradley, Jillian M.
name: Young, Ryan M.
name: Carretta, Stefano
name: Krzyaniak, Matthew D.
name: Wasielewski, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of chirality in determining the spin dynamics of photoinduced electron transfer in donor-acceptor molecules remains an open question. Although chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been demonstrated in molecules bound to substrates, experimental information about whether this process influences spin dynamics in the molecules themselves is lacking. Here we use time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that CISS strongly influences the spin dynamics of isolated covalent donor-chiral bridge-acceptor (D-B$χ$-A) molecules in which selective photoexcitation of D is followed by two rapid, sequential electron transfer events to yield D$^+$-B$χ$-A$^-$. Exploiting this phenomenon affords the possibility of using chiral molecular building blocks to control electron spin states in quantum information applications.
New accurate measurement of 36ArH+ and 38ArH+ ro-vibrational transitions by high resolution IR absorption spectroscopy
Creators: name: Cueto, M.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Swinyard, B. M.
name: Herrero, V. J.
name: Tanarro, I.
name: Domenech, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The protonated Argon ion, $^{36}$ArH$^{+}$, has been identified recently in the Crab Nebula (Barlow et al. 2013) from Herschel spectra. Given the atmospheric opacity at the frequency of its $J$=1-0 and $J$=2-1 rotational transitions (617.5 and 1234.6 GHz, respectively), and the current lack of appropriate space observatories after the recent end of the Herschel mission, future studies on this molecule will rely on mid-infrared observations. We report on accurate wavenumber measurements of $^{36}$ArH$^{+}$ and $^{38}$ArH$^{+}$ rotation-vibration transitions in the $v$=1-0 band in the range 4.1-3.7 $μ$m (2450-2715 cm$^{-1}$). The wavenumbers of the $R$(0) transitions of the $v$=1-0 band are 2612.50135$\pm$0.00033 and 2610.70177$\pm$0.00042 cm$^{-1}$ ($\pm3σ$) for $^{36}$ArH$^{+}$ and $^{38}$ArH$^{+}$, respectively. The calculated opacity for a gas thermalized at a temperature of 100 K and a linewidth of 1 km.s$^{-1}$ of the $R$(0) line is $1.6\times10^{-15}\times N$($^{36}$ArH$^+$). For column densities of $^{36}$ArH$^+$ larger than $1\times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, significant absorption by the $R$(0) line can be expected against bright mid-IR sources.
title: Assessment of Oral Human Papillomavirus in Pediatric and Adult Patients within a Multi-Ethnic Clinic Population
Creators: name: Kornhaber, Melissa
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: "Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) encompasses a large family of oncogenic viruses responsible for increasing rates of both cervical and oral cancer, particularly among minority and low-income populations. Although this represents an increasingly significant public health risk, few studies have screened for oral HPV within Nevada. Based upon this information, the primary objective of this study was to provide a temporal analysis of oral HPV screening among a primarily low-income, minority patient population.

Methods: This retrospective analysis was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB). In brief, unstimulated saliva samples were previously obtained from clinical patient volunteers that provided Informed Consent and Pediatric Assent (if applicable). DNA was isolated and screened using spectrophotometry for quality (A260:A280 ratio > 1.70) and quantity (concentration > 100 ng). Validated qPCR primers were used to screen repository samples for high-risk HPV strains HPV16 and HPV18.

Results: A total of N=930 samples were identified for this study, which involved n=555 samples from adults and n=375 from pediatric patients treated between 2011 and 2019. Demographic analysis revealed nearly equal distribution between males and females with most derived from non-White (minority) patients. qPCR screening revealed an overall increase in high-risk HPV of 3.17-fold from 5.7% in 2011 to 18.1% in 2019 and a coefficient of determination or R2 = 0.764, suggesting a strong, positive correlation between more recent sample years and HPV-positive results, which was observed among both pediatric (R2=0.671) and adult (R2=0.971) patients. In addition, although the average age among adult patients increased over time - a significant decrease was observed among pediatric patients from an average of 16.0 years to 14.81 years.

Conclusions: These data suggest temporal changes and positive increases in the prevalence of oral HPV among both the pediatric and adult patient samples taken from this clinic population. These data are important as considerations are made regarding which HPV vaccination education and awareness programs are introduced and the specific populations most likely to benefit from these interventions.

Key words: Human papillomavirus (HPV), high-risk HPV, oral screening, oral cancer, qPCR screening"
title: Heimat und Nostalgie in Meral Kureyshis Elefanten im Garten und Melinda Nadj Abonjis Tauben fliegen auf
Creators: name: Meshkin Kiya, Sara
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2022

description: Für meine Arbeit habe ich die Romane Tauben fliegen auf (2010) von Melinda Nadj Abonji und Elefanten im Garten (2015) von Meral Kureyshi ausgewählt. Beide Romane können der Secondo Literatur zugeordnet werden, welche sich mit Themen wie Heimat, Erinnerung, Sprache, einer dualen Identität und Entfremdung beschäftigen. In diesen zwei Familienromanen verarbeiten die Autorinnen ihre persönlichen Migrationserfahrungen. Es werden die Integrationsschwierigkeiten der zweiten Generation von Einwanderern in der Schweizer Gesellschaft dargestellt, welche mit denen der ersten Generation nicht deckungsgleich sind. In der vorliegenden Arbeit behandele ich die Frage, ob die Hauptfiguren in diesen Texten sich in der Schweiz heimisch fühlen können. In meiner Arbeit untersuche ich das Konzept „Heimat“ in diesen Romanen mit Hilfe der Theorien von Svetlana Boym (Nostalgie), Leslie Adelson (Dazwischen), und Margit Zinggeler (Secondo/a Literatur). In Tauben fliegen auf und Elefanten im Garten ist die Idee der Heimat nicht von territorialen, ethnischen, und nationalen Merkmalen eingegrenzt. Es gibt weder eine Zugehörigkeit zur alten Heimat noch zu der Schweiz, sondern nur Erinnerungen an bestimmte Personen und die Kindheit. Anstatt weiterhin nach einer territorial verankerten Heimat zu suchen, entscheiden sich die beide Protogonistinnen für einen Selbst(er)findungsprozess. Die Autorinnen zeigen, dass Heimat der Ort ist, an dem man sich selbst (er)finden kann.
Magnetized Gas in the Smith High Velocity Cloud
Creators: name: Hill, Alex S.
name: Mao, S. A.
name: Benjamin, Robert A.
name: Lockman, Felix J.
name: McClure-Griffiths, Naomi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of magnetic fields associated with the Smith High Velocity Cloud. We use a catalog of Faraday rotation measures towards extragalactic radio sources behind the Smith Cloud, new HI observations from the Green Bank Telescope, and a spectroscopic map of Hα from the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper Northern Sky Survey. There are enhancements in rotation measure of approximately 100 rad m^(-2) which are generally well correlated with decelerated Hα emission. We estimate a lower limit on the line-of-sight component of the field of approximately 8 μG along a decelerated filament; this is a lower limit due to our assumptions about the geometry. No RM excess is evident in sightlines dominated by HI or Hα at the velocity of the Smith Cloud. The smooth Hα morphology of the emission at the Smith Cloud velocity suggests photoionization by the Galactic ionizing radiation field as the dominant ionization mechanism, while the filamentary morphology and high (approximately 1 Rayleigh) Hα intensity of the lower-velocity magnetized ionized gas suggests an ionization process associated with shocks due to interaction with the Galactic interstellar medium. The presence of the magnetic field may contribute to the survival of high velocity clouds like the Smith Cloud as they move from the Galactic halo to the disk. We expect these data to provide a test for magnetohydrodynamic simulations of infalling gas.
description: ApJ accepted. 10 pages, 5 figures in emulateapj format. Replacement corrects title, changing "Ionized" to "Magnetized"
title: Policing Sin City: The Creation and Impact of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, 1973-1985
Creators: name: Kim, Richard
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: This thesis examines the creation of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department in 1973 and its impact on the War on Crime. The first chapter examines the significance of race and policing in Las Vegas from the early twentieth century until the consolidation of the Clark County Sheriff’s Office and Las Vegas Police Department in 1973. Chapter 2 then analyzes how the federal government’s so-called War on Crime played out at the local and state level in Nevada from 1973 to 1985. The thesis argues that this period witnessed a punitive turn in policing that had long-term consequences for Las Vegas and its residents. Drawing on a range of primary sources, which include newspaper articles, trial records, and manuscript collections at Lied Library, the thesis analyzes some of these consequences on ordinary people through the lens of race, gender, and class. As the thesis demonstrates, these years marked the transition from the remnants of the Jim Crow Era to what Michelle Alexander famously labeled as the New Jim Crow.
title: Factors Affecting Hotel Recommendation: Before the COVID-19 Pandemic and After the Reopening
Creators: name: Kim, Boran
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous people lost their lives, and a lot of industries were affected. The hospitality industry was especially affected due to social distancing, travel restrictions, and safety issues. During that time, not only did customers' expectations change but their recommendation of hotels to friends and colleagues also changed. The current study used five factors (i.e., cleanliness, location, room, service, and value) to discover which factors were affecting hotel recommendation before the COVID-19 pandemic and after the reopening. This study used secondary data (online surveys) from one of the well-known integrated resorts located in the western United States. Data was collected in June of 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic, and in June of 2021, after one year from the reopening from the pandemic closure. The result indicates that before the COVID-19 pandemic, guests’ preferences were as follows: (1) value, (2) service, (3) cleanliness, (4) room, and (5) location. However, after the reopening from the COVID-19 pandemic, June 2021, guests ranked the important factors as (1) value, (2) service, (3) room, and (4) cleanliness. From the findings, hotel managers can compare which factors are affecting guests to recommend hotels to others before the COVID-19 pandemic and after the reopening. This will allow them to better understand guests and provide the services that guests are looking for.
Enhancing Chemical Stability and Photovoltaic Properties of Highly Efficient Nonfullerene Acceptors by Chalcogen Substitution: Insights from Quantum Chemical Calculations
Creators: name: Benatto, Leandro
name: Souza, João Paulo A.
name: Neves, Matheus F. F. das
name: Romana, Lucimara S.
name: Capaz, Rodrigo B.
name: Candiotto, Graziâni
name: Koehler, Marlus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical stability of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) is the Achilles' heel of the research on state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSC). The fragility of the NFA is essentially due to the weak bond that links the central donor core of the molecules with their acceptor moieties at the edges. Here we proposed the replacement of thiophene at the outer-core position of traditional NFAs for tellurophene, a hitherto unexplored modification. Since tellurium is a distinctive element among chalcogens, the basic features of Te compounds cannot be deduced straightforwardly from the properties of their lighter analogues, S and Se. The modeled Te-based NFAs presented interesting features like stronger intra- and intermolecular interactions induced by a distinctive secondary bond effect between the end acceptor moiety and the outer chalcogen atom. This design strategy resulted in stiffer molecules with red-shifted absorption spectra and less susceptible to degradation verified through stress tests and vibrational spectra analysis. Besides that, a weakened exciton binding energy has been found, opening the possibility of blends with a lower driving force. Our results shed light on several aspects of selenation and telluration of traditional NFAs, providing valuable insights into the possible consequences for OSCs applications.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
title: First-Day Expositional Interviews, Iterative Training, and Participant Skill in Descriptive Experience Sampling
Creators: name: Kaneshiro, Cody
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Descriptive experience sampling (DES) is a method of describing inner experience (i.e., directly apprehended thoughts, feelings, sensations, etc.). DES includes “iterative” sequences of random, natural-environment, beeper-driven sampling of inner experiences followed by an expositional interview that seeks to apprehend and describe those inner experiences in high-fidelity. DES investigators claim that these iterative sequences increase the participant’s DES skills. The present study tests that claim by investigating whether participants demonstrate higher skills in their very-last-sample interviews than they exhibited in their own very-first-sample interviews. The very-last-sample and very-first-sample interviews of six participants were quantitatively and qualitatively examined. We found that participants in very-first-sample interviews used frequent subjunctifiers that suggested that phenomena were not apprehended, whereas in their very-last- sample interviews they used subjunctifiers that suggested that they had apprehended phenomena adequately but their descriptions were falling short of describing those phenomena in high fidelity. Furthermore, very-last-sample interview turns were judged to be cleaving significantly more adequately to experience apprehended at-a-moment than were very-first-sample interview turns. These results are consistent with the view that DES skill increases across iterative sampling rounds. Implications for DES and other first-person methods are discussed.
Vortex-induced negative magnetoresistance and peak effect in narrow superconducting films
Creators: name: Vodolazov, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In framework of Ginzburg-Landau model it is shown that narrow superconducting film with width w ~ 3-8 ξ(T) (ξ(T) is a temperature dependent coherence length) exhibits unusual transport properties. In the absence of bulk pinning its critical current Ic nonmonotonically depends on perpendicular magnetic field H and has one minima (dip) and one maxima (peak) at some magnetic fields. At currents I << Ic(H) the finite magnetoresistance R(H) of such a samples due to thermo-activated vortex hopping via edge barriers also shows both local maxima(peak) and minima(dip) nearly at the same magnetic fields. In narrower films such an effect is absent due to absence of the vortices and in wider films the effect is weaker due to increased vortex-vortex interaction. Finite length of the film produces additional periodic variation in both Ic(H) and R(H) because of discrete change in the number of the vortices, which is superimposed on the above mentioned nonmonotonic dependence. The obtained results are directly related to many experiments on narrow superconducting films/bridges where such a nonmonotonic dependencies Ic(H) and R(H) were observed.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
Connecting ocean circulation with ocean heat storage: experiments with an idealised aquaplanet model
Creators: name: Shatwell, Peter
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Global warming is really 'ocean warming' as ~93% of the excess heat energy entering the climate system is taken up by the oceans. The heat storage distribution is highly nonuniform in space, affected by a multitude of ocean heat uptake (OHU) processes across many spatial scales. These processes contribute to a substantial spread in climate model projections of future heat storage, sea-level rise, and surface warming. A better understanding of OHU processes is essential in order to reduce our uncertainty in climate projections. I probe OHU processes using a coupled climate model with idealised geometry ('Double-Drake') under an abrupt CO2-doubling. By projecting the Double-Drake circulation onto depth-temperature coordinates, I find that the ocean circulation response leads to an increase in the downward vertical heat transport of ~0.2 W/m^2, enabling more interior heat storage. This supports the idea that changes in ocean circulation may further reinforce the ocean's role as a buffer of surface warming. I examine in more detail the circulation response of an analogous Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in Double-Drake. Many models project a weakening of the AMOC in the future, where the implications for ocean warming are highly uncertain. I find that the link between the AMOC and heat storage rate is counterintuitive in Double-Drake and that AMOC weakening may not be as important as traditionally thought. Finally, I explore the representation of OHU in two-layer energy-balance models (EBMs) and find that increasing/decreasing the sensitivity of OHU to the stratification in the EBM improves/worsens the representation for Double-Drake and a suite of other coupled climate models. This suggests that improving OHU representation might be achieved via a simple change to the two-layer EBM. The results reaffirm that an understanding of OHU is incomplete without a grasp of the underlying ocean circulation processes.
Dirac Tori
Creators: name: Heller, Lynn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C42, 53C45, 53C27

description: We consider conformal immersions $f: T^2\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^3$ with the property that $H^2 f^*g_{\mathbb{R}^3}$ is a flat metric. These so called Dirac tori have the property that its Willmore energy is uniformly distributed over the surface and can be obtained using spin transformations of the plane by eigenvectors of the standard Dirac operator for a fixed eigenvalue. We classify Dirac tori and determine the conformal classes realized by them. We want to note that the spinors of Dirac tori satisfies the same system of PDE's as the differential of Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian tori in $\mathbb{R}^4$. These were classified in [5] .
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
title: Towards a post-heteronormative habitus
title: Teachers’ perspectives on embedding LGBT+ inclusive education in UK primary shools
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Johnson, Ben
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: LGBTQ+
heteronormativity
EDI
education
social justice

description: This thesis explores how teachers negotiate heteronormative discourse to embed LGBT+ inclusive education. It examines motivations for prioritising this work, how structural constraints are negotiated and makes recommendations for educators wanting to embed this work. It argues that more needs to be done in schools to embed LGBT+ inclusive education to reflect wider changes in UK society and to benefit LGBT+ youth who continue to be a vulnerable sub-section of society. This thesis addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the experiences of teachers driven to disrupt heteronormativity in schools over long periods of time. This thesis addresses a need to understand how teachers develop support networks to embed inclusivity work and create post-heteronormative spaces in educational settings. To achieve this aim, I use Bourdieu’s conceptual tools of habitus, capital and field to offer new insights into how heteronormativity can be disrupted in schools. A narrative inquiry methodological framework is employed with 12 UK participants interviewed. The principle findings from the research are that the participants are powerful agents in disrupting heteronormativity in schools and through critical self-reflection, engagement with wider networks they successfully build support, knowledge and strength to create LGBT+ inclusive educational cultures. Participants anticipate challenges by developing staff confidence in the wider language of gender and sexuality and develop training to challenge misconceptions around educating for LGBT+ visibility. These findings are important as they provide valuable insights into how teachers can exert their agency in disrupting heteronormativity through autobiographical self-reflection and through deploying social and cultural capital as a source of support when challenges arise. Ultimately, participants found this work challenging but empowering helping them to align their social justice oriented values with their teaching practice.
Sudakov Double Logarithms Resummation in Hard Processes in Small-x Saturation Formalism
Creators: name: Mueller, A. H.
name: Xiao, Bo-Wen
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this manuscript, we present a complete study of the Sudakov double logarithms resummation for various hard processes in eA and pA collisions in the small-x saturation formalism. We first employ a couple of slightly different formalisms to perform the one-loop analysis of the Higgs boson production process in pA collisions, and demonstrate that Sudakov-type logarithms arise as the leading correction and that they can be systematically resummed in addition to the usual small-x resummation. We further study the Sudakov double logarithms for other processes such as heavy quark pair production and back-to-back dijet production in eA and pA collisions through detailed calculation of the corresponding one-loop diagrams. As the most important contribution from the one-loop correction, the Sudakov factor should play an important role in the phenomenological study of saturation physics in the pA programs at RHIC and the LHC.
description: 61 pages, 25 figures
HEALTH LITERACY LEVELS NECESSARY FOR UNDERSTANDING PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET OF PARACETAMOL
Creators: name: Woranuch Saengcharoen
Publisher: name: Faculty of pharmacy, Silpakorn University
Year: 2020
Subjects: health literacy
understanding
patient information leaflet
paracetamol

description: Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15, 2(July-December)2020, 1-15
title: Quality Assurance Procedures Implementation for Varian TrueBeam
Creators: name: Jiang, Yongquan
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Department of radiation oncology of Oncology Nevada updated its linear accelerator (LINAC) from Varian Clinac iX to a newer model known as Varian TrueBeam. The Varian TrueBeam LINAC includes 6x, 6xFFF (i.e., 6x without flattening filter known as flattening filter free), 10x, 10xFFF, 15x photon beams and 6e, 9e, 12e MeV electron beams. This system is also equipped with a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) couch, RapidArc, kV on board imager, MV portal imager and Cone Beam CT (CBCT) imaging. This system allows the clinical delivery of modern image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) modalities such as IMRT/VMAT, and SRS/SRT/SBRT. The periodic quality assurance (QA) tests of these systems include verification of the beam output and energy constancy, as well as beam profile constancy. These parameters are critical to ensure that patients receive quality care. The AAPM (American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group (TG) 142 recommends daily, monthly, and annual QA of the linear accelerators with predesignated tolerances for non-IMRT, IMRT, and SRS/SBRT treatment techniques. In the Oncology Nevada clinic, various devices are used for the periodic QA on the linear accelerators. These devices include, Machine Performance Check (MPC) IsoCal calibration phantom, Sun Nuclear Daily QA 3, Sun Nuclear IC Profiler, solid water phantom, and 1D water phantom. Daily QA tests are performed utilizing the Varian TrueBeam Machine Performance Check and Sun Nuclear Daily QA 3. This report will focus on the essential QA procedures performed on the Varian TrueBeam LINAC including daily QA in which the output constancy is compared to the baseline. Various safety and mechanical tests, as recommended by TG-142, will also be performed. The Sun Nuclear IC Profiler will be used for monthly QA to verify photon and electron beam profile constancy. Solid-water-based beam output and energy constancy checks will also be performed. Implementation of these QA procedures are part of the medical physicist’s tasks. By setting up those devices and implementing the measurement procedures, physicists perform the daily and monthly QA following the recommendations of the AAPM TG-142. Additional tests in the TG-142 protocol include the geometry isocenter, jaw position, Multileaf Collimator (MLC) position, couch lateral, longitudinal, vertical, rotation positions, daily output energy constancy check, beam profile constancy check, and beam output and energy constancy check. The goal of the project is to setup available equipment and implement measurement procedures in order to determine baseline values for both daily, monthly, and annual QA, which are required to fulfill TG-142 recommendations for LINAC QA and ensure patient care quality.
Supporting findability of COVID-19 research with large-scale text mining of scientific publications
Creators: name: Welter, Danielle
name: Vega, Carlos
name: Biryukov, Maria
name: Grouès, Valentin
name: Ghosh, Soumyabrata
name: Schneider, Reinhard
name: Satagopam, Venkata
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FAIR principles
COVID-19
text mining

description: When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in early 2020, a lot of research efforts were quickly redirected towards studies on SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 disease, from the sequencing and assembly of viral genomes to the elaboration of robust testing methodologies and the development of treatment and vaccination strategies. At the same time, a flurry of scientific publications around SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 began to appear, making it increasingly difficult for researchers to stay up-to-date with latest trends and developments in this rapidly evolving field. The BioKB platform is a pipeline which, by exploiting text mining and semantic technologies, helps researchers easily access semantic content of thousands of abstracts and full text articles. The content of the articles is analysed and concepts from a range of contexts, including proteins, species, chemicals, diseases and biological processes are tagged based on existing dictionaries of controlled terms. Co-occurring concepts are classified based on their asserted relationship and the resulting subject-relation-object triples are stored in a publicly accessible human- and machine-readable knowledge base. All concepts in the BioKB dictionaries are linked to stable, persistent identifiers, either a resource accession such as an Ensembl, Uniprot or PubChem ID for genes, proteins and chemicals, or an ontology term ID for diseases, phenotypes and other ontology terms. In order to improve COVID-19 related text mining, we extended the underlying dictionaries to include many additional viral species (via NCBI Taxonomy identifiers), phenotypes from the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO), COVID-related concepts including clinical and laboratory tests from the COVID-19 ontology, as well as additional diseases (DO) and biological processes (GO). We also added all viral proteins found in UniProt and gene entries from EntrezGene to increase the sensitivity of the text mining pipeline to viral data. To date, BioKB has indexed over 270’000 sentences from 21’935 publications relating to coronavirus infections, with publications dating from 1963 to 2021, 3’863 of which were published this year. We are currently working to further refine the text mining pipeline by training it on the extraction of increasingly complex relations such as protein-phenotype relationships. We are also regularly adding new terms to our dictionaries for areas where coverage is currently low, such as clinical and laboratory tests and procedures and novel drug treatments.
description: The authors would like to thank the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) for supporting this work through grant: 14729738 (COVlit).
Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations of the red supergiant VY CMa: analysis of the molecular line spectra
Creators: name: Matsuura, Mikako
name: Yates, J. A.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Swinyard, B. M.
name: Royer, P.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Decin, L.
name: Wesson, R.
name: Polehampton, E. T.
name: Blommaert, J. A. D. L.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Van de Steene, G. C.
name: van Hoof, P. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the far-infrared and submillimetre molecular emission line spectrum of the luminous M-supergiant VY CMa, observed with the SPIRE and PACS spectrometers aboard the Herschel Space Observatory. Over 260 emission lines were detected in the 190-650-micron SPIRE FTS spectra, with one-third of the observed lines being attributable to H2O. Other detected species include CO, 13CO, H2^18O, SiO, HCN, SO, SO2, CS, H2S, and NH3. Our model fits to the observed 12CO and 13CO line intensities yield a 12C/13C ratio of 5.6+-1.8, consistent with measurements of this ratio for other M supergiants, but significantly lower than previously estimated for VY CMa from observations of lower-J lines. The spectral line energy distribution for twenty SiO rotational lines shows two temperature components: a hot component at 1000 K, which we attribute to the stellar atmosphere and inner wind, plus a cooler ~200 K component, which we attribute to an origin in the outer circumstellar envelope. We fit the line fluxes of 12CO, 13CO, H2O and SiO, using the SMMOL non-LTE line transfer code, with a mass-loss rate of 1.85x10^-4 Msun yr^-1 between 9 R* and 350 R*. To fit the observed line fluxes of 12CO, 13CO, H2O and SiO with SMMOL non-LTE line radiative transfer code, along with a mass-loss rate of 1.85x10^-4 Msun yr^-1. To fit the high rotational lines of CO and H2O, the model required a rather flat temperature distribution inside the dust condensation radius, attributed to the high H2O opacity. Beyond the dust condensation radius the gas temperature is fitted best by an r^-0.5 radial dependence, consistent with the coolant lines becoming optically thin. Our H2O emission line fits are consistent with an ortho:para ratio of 3 in the outflow.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 24 pages, 9 figures and 7 tables
The role of microvesicles in systemic inflammatory signalling in acute respiratory distress syndrome
Creators: name: Tirlapur, Nikhil
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have an unacceptably high mortality surpassing 40%. Most patients with ARDS die from multi-organ failure rather than respiratory failure, presumably due to systemic propagation of inflammation between the lungs and peripheral organs. Numerous systemic inflammatory mediators have been identified as potential therapeutic targets for ARDS. However, few specific therapies have been successfully developed and treatment remains primarily limited to supportive care. Microvesicles (MVs) are tiny particles released from cells during cell activation and stress. MVs represent a unique form of inter-cellular communication through their ability to act as ‘biological ferries’ carrying inflammatory mediators as their cargoes in a packaged, lipid-encapsulated environment resistant to neutralisation in the systemic circulation. We hypothesised that leukocyte-derived MVs play a critical role in systemic inflammatory signalling in ARDS. Through initially focusing on periphery-to-lung signalling, we developed an in vitro bioassay of pulmonary microvascular inflammation and investigated the bioactivity of neutrophil-derived MVs. We found that inflammatory neutrophil-derived MVs induced significant acute pulmonary microvascular inflammation, in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell-dependent manner. We then focused on lung-to-periphery signalling through developing a novel human in vitro model of ventilator-induced pulmonary microvascular inflammation. We found, for the first time, that pathological cyclic stretch induced acute leukocyte activation and release of leukocyte-derived MVs. We developed methodology to separate MV subtypes from the mixed total MV population generated, and demonstrated that these stretch-induced leukocyte-derived MVs are capable of inducing remote organ endothelial injury. Finally, we investigated circulating MV profiles in plasma samples of patients with ARDS. We found significantly increased baseline neutrophil- and endothelial-derived MV levels in patients with hyperinflammatory ARDS. Our findings suggest MVs play a crucial role in the early phase of ARDS pathophysiology and could represent a paradigm shift in our understanding of systemic inflammatory signalling in ARDS.
title: A Survey of the Br´Ezis-Nirenberg Problem and Related Theorems
Creators: name: Huynh, Edward
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations on bounded domains arise in several different areas of mathematics that include geometry, mathematical physics, and the calculus of variations. The Br ́ezis-Nirenberg problem is concerned with a boundary-value problem that is intimately connected to the existence of positive solutions of the Yamabe problem, of non-minimal solutions to Yang-Mills functionals, and of extremal functions to several important inequalities. Results on existence and uniqueness have been obtained in cases when the exponent is sub-critical, but such results have not been obtained when the exponent is critical due to a lack of compactness. The earliest results obtained in this direction were obtained by Br ́ezis and Nirenberg. The goal of this thesis is to serve as a survey of the various results regarding this variational problem.
title: Education of Children Left Behind in Rural China
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Migration, Internal
subject: Asians
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Families
subject: Education

description: Despite China's substantial internal migration, long-standing rural–urban bifurcation has prompted many migrants to leave their children behind in rural areas. This study examined the consequences of out-migration for children's education using longitudinal data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 885). This study took into account the complex family migration strategies and distinguished various types of migration in China, including different forms of parental migration as well as sibling migration. The results showed that migration of siblings generates benefits for children's education, which is particularly pronounced for girls and children at middle-school levels. But parental migration has not given children left behind a significant advantage in educational prospects as their parents had hoped. Younger children seem to be especially susceptible to the disruptive effect of parental out-migration.
title: Comparative Expression of Exosome-Derived Dental Pulp Stem Cell (DPSC) MicroRNA
Creators: name: Hunsaker, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) are pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiating into several tissue types. Several studies have demonstrated DPSC can be extracted from deciduous and permanent teeth, including third molars (wisdom teeth) - however, much less is known regarding the factors that determine and regulate pluripotency and differentiation responsiveness among these harvested DPSC. Recent evidence has suggested small, non-coding microRNAs mediate (in part) differentiation and self-renewal among some stromal and hematopoetic stem cells, although much remains to be discovered regarding microRNA regulation of DPSC phenotypes. Based upon this information, the overall goal of this study was to determine if DPSC microRNA expression in exosomes correlates with DPSC phenotypes, such as differentiation status or growth. Methods: Six dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) isolates were retrieved from an existing repository and cultured. The original protocol for extraction and isolation of the DPSC was approved by the UNLV Biomedical IRB. Cells transferred into exosome-free media for 24 hours prior to exosome isolation and harvesting. Exosomes were analyzed using Particle Metrix Zeta view, Western blot analysis and qPCR screening. Results: All six DPSC cell lines were successfully established and cultured. Extracted exosome particle sizes ranged between 50 – 250 nm, corresponding with known exosome sizes. Bradford protein assays and Western Blots confirmed proteins (CD63) from isolated exosomes. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis was performed in preparation for qPCR screening for microRNA expression with qPCR screening currently underway. Conclusions: These data confirm the successful isolation and characterization of DPSC exosomes and the corresponding RNA. qPCR screening revealed no correlation between miRNA expression and growth or differentiation status. Keywords: DPSC, miRNA, Exosomes
title: Yusef Lateef, Autophysiopsychic Music and Oboe Performance
Creators: name: Hummel, Ellen
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Year: 2022

description: This document intends to explore Yusef Lateef`s expressiveness applied to oboe performance in order to contribute to the expansion of the language of oboe playing and oboe teaching. A thorough review of the literature suggests a lack of studies about the oboe as a principal instrument in genres other than classical music; particularly jazz, blues and popular music. We live in a time that questions the boundaries of all genres. Because improvisation is at the heart of genres like jazz and blues, educators are beginning to stress the importance of teaching improvisation to all musicians. Yusef Lateef’s concept and method of autophysiopsychic music is an example of an approach to teaching music this way. One of the questions raised during the research is: can autophysiopsychic music be idiomatic to oboe playing and if so, which methods could be most effective in order to teach and learn Lateef’s music and language? This document reviews three of Yusef Lateef’s own method books and discusses how they can be relevant for oboists: “Method on How to Perform Autophysiopsychic Music”, “Repository of Scales and Melodic Patterns", and the “Flute Book of the Blues.” These writings, combined with the listening and watching of his performances, as well as the musical analysis of his published music, show that oboe playing and his repertoire are very suitable together and accessible to oboe players (both professionals and students). The study of those methods not only provides the player with the technical, harmonic, and creative skills to develop the ability to play his music, but also teaches the philosophical aspect of what the composer believed to be part of the final product. This document also includes the first complete listing of all of Lateef’s recordings for oboe, as well as interviews with musicians who worked with Lateef.
Functional Mn--Mg$_k$ cation complexes in GaN featured by Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Devillers, Thibaut
name: Leite, Douglas Marcel Gonçalves
name: da Silva, José Humberto Dias
name: Bonanni, Alberta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the optical branch in the Raman spectra of (Ga,Mn)N:Mg epitaxial layers as a function of the Mn and Mg concentrations, reveals the interplay between the two dopants. We demonstrate that the various Mn-Mg-induced vibrational modes can be understood in the picture of functional Mn--Mg$_k$ complexes formed when substitutional Mn cations are bound to $k$ substitutional Mg through nitrogen atoms, the number of ligands $k$ being driven by the ratio between the Mg and the Mn concentrations.
description: Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letter
Network Risk and Forecasting Power in Phase-Flipping Dynamical Networks
Creators: name: Podobnik, B.
name: Majdandzic, A.
name: Curme, C.
name: Qiao, Z.
name: Zhou, W. -X.
name: Stanley, H. E.
name: Li, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In order to model volatile real-world network behavior, we analyze phase-flipping dynamical scale-free network in which nodes and links fail and recover. We investigate how stochasticity in a parameter governing the recovery process affects phase-flipping dynamics, and find the probability that no more than q% of nodes and links fail. We derive higher moments of the fractions of active nodes and active links, $f_n(t)$ and $f_{\ell}(t)$, and define two estimators to quantify the level of risk in a network. We find hysteresis in the correlations of $f_n(t)$ due to failures at the node level, and derive conditional probabilities for phase-flipping in networks. We apply our model to economic and traffic networks.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures