Anthomyza equiseti Roháćek & Barber 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Roháćek, Jindřich
name: Barber, Kevin N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Anthomyzidae
Anthomyza
Anthomyza equiseti

description: Anthomyza equiseti sp. nov.
(Figs 522, 523, 526, 574–576, 580–596)
Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♂, “CAN: ON: Pancake Bay PP., 02.viii.2004, KNBarber, sweeps from boardwalk, mostly emergent sedge / Equisetum, 46°58.11’N 84°42.72’W ”, “debu 01500791” and “ Holotypus ♂ Anthomyza equiseti sp. n., J. Roháček & K. N. Barber det. 2014” (red). The specimen is in perfect condition, with exposed genitalia and visible gonostyli (see Fig. 522) (DEBU, intact). PARATYPES: CANADA: ALBERTA: [Fort] McMurray, 14.vii.1953, 1 ♂, G. E. Ball leg. (CNCI); ~21.9 km W Bearberry, Hwy #734, 51°56.18'N 115°11.76'W, sweeps, wet roadside, Equisetum ssuviatile, 24.vii.2008, 1 ♂; ~ 40.3 km WNW Bearberry, Hwy#734 @ Seven Mile Creek, 52°02.40'N 115°24.67'W, sweeps, mostly graminoids, 24.vii.2008, 1 ♀; ~ 3.4 km SSW Hinton, Hwy#40, 53°21.27'N 117°37.32'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, 22.vii.2008, 1 ♂; ~ 4.4 km SSW Hinton, Hwy#40, 53°20.77'N 117°36.83'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, Carex sp., 22.vii.2008, 2 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); W. A. Switzer P. Pk., Hay River Rd. W., 53°31.94'N 117°50.06'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, 22.vii.2011, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. (DEBU 01503813). BRITISH COLUMBIA: 18 km ENE Cranbrook, 49°33'N 115°29'W, 2700', swept/ aspirated, lake bank, dry coniferous forest, (Universität Bielefeld, Ca1527), 12.viii.2002, 3 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, M. v. Tschirnhaus leg. (ZSMC, in ethanol); ~ 2.9 km NNW Golden, Anderson Rd., 51°19.49'N 116°58.81'W, sweeps, roadside, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile & E.palustre, 19.vii.2011, 5 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀; Parson, Crestbrook Rd., 51°03.68'N 116°39.06'W, sweeps, wet ditch, Carex utriculata with Equisetum palustre & E. × litorale, 18.vii.2011, 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg.; Revelstoke, 2.vii.1973, 1 ♂, J. H. Teskey leg.; Stagleap Prov. Pk., Hwy 3, 23.vi.1982, 1 ♀ (genit. prep.), B. V. Peterson leg.; Terrace, 6.vii.1960, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, W. R. Richards leg.; Lakelse Lake bog, S. of Terrace, on hemlock, 6.vii.1960, 2 ♀♀, B. Heming leg., 11.vii.1960, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀ (1 ♂ genit. prep.), W. R. Richards leg.; Lakelse L. bog, nr. Terrace, 11.vii.1960, 1 ♂ 14 ♀♀, C. H. Mann leg., ex. Cicuta occidentalis, 11.vii.1960, 1 ♂ 5 ♀♀, J. G. Chillcott leg.; Lakelse L. bog, 18 mi S of Terrace, 11.vii.1960, 1 ♂, G. E. Shewell leg.; ~ 9.6 km SE Valemount, 52°45.74'N 119°09.68'W, edge of Kinbasket Lake, sweeps, mostly Carex spp., 23.vii.2011, 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI). MANITOBA: ~ 20 km E Anola, 49°53.10'N 96°22.02'W, edge of Brokenhead R., sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, 29.vii.2011, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI). NEW BRUNSWICK: Middle Sackville, 45°55.4'N 64°21.4'W, sweep vegetation along old rail line, 19.vii.2002, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, J. Forrest & T.Wheeler leg. (LEMQ 0039174, -39193, -40344). NEWFOUNDLAND: N branch St. George’s R., Lot 4, 17.vi.1979, 1 ♀, Larson & Swales leg. (NFRC). ONTARIO: Bruce Peninsula N. P., Halfway Log Dump Rd., 45°13.36'N 81°28.28'W, sweeps, mostly emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, edge of fen, 21.vi.2008, 2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (DEBU); ~ 13.9 km W Chapleau, 47°49.20'N 83°35.42'W, hydro right-ofway, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata, grasses, 23.vi.2013, 1 ♂; Dubreuilville, along Magpie River, 48°21.12'N 84°34.04'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, Carex, 10.vii.2010, 1 ♂, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI), sweeping Equisetum ssuviatile, Carex spp. on muddy river bank, 10.vii.2010, 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, 1 ♂ photographed alive); ~ 35 km WSW Dubreuilville, 2 km SE Jct. Hwys.#17 & #519, 48°17.16'N 84°53.34'W, sweeps, roadside vegetation incl. wet ditch, 31.vii.2008, 3 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, sweeps, Equisetum sp., 31.vii.2008, 1 ♂, sweeps, Juncus spp. in wet ditch, 31.vii.2008, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); Echo Bay, Echo Bay Marsh, 46°29.71'N 84°04.04'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, 18.vi.2007, 9 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, 7.viii.2007, 16 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, 12.vii.2008, 8 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 19.viii.2006, 8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (2 ♂♂ genit. prep.) (CNCI), 27.viii.2006, 31 ♂♂ 24 ♀♀ (CNCI 27 ♂♂ 20 ♀♀, SMOC 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀), sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile, 26.v.2007, 14 ♂♂ 25 ♀♀ (CNCI), 1.vi.2007, 25 ♂♂ 39 ♀♀ (AMNH, CASC, LACM, USNM 5 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ each; CNCI 5 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀, 1 ♂ wing illustration), 12.vi.2007, 1 ♂ 6 ♀♀, 23.vi.2007, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile, Schoenoplectus acutus, 19.viii.2006, 28 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀ (2 ♀♀ genit. prep.), 27.viii.2006, 26 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀ (CNCI), 24.v.2007, 48 ♂♂ 55 ♀♀ (BDUC, BYUC, CLEV, CMNH, CSCA, CSUC 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ each; CNCI 18 ♂♂ 25 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ genit. prep.), 26.v.2007, 25 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀ (EMEC, INHS, KNWR, LEMQ 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ each; CNCI 5 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀), 1.vi.2007, 14 ♂♂ 32 ♀♀ (CNCI), 12.vi.2007, 17 ♂♂ 28 ♀♀ (MCZC, MEMU, MTEC 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ each; CNCI 2 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀), 18.vi.2007, 9 ♂♂ 29 ♀♀, 23.vi.2007, 3 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile, Typha latifolia, 26.v.2007, 7 ♂♂ 24 ♀♀, 12.vi.2007, 10 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, sweeps, sedges / Equisetum [ssuviatile], 19.viii.2006, 1 ♂, sweeps, mostly Carex sp., 24.v.2007, 1 ♂ 4 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly Carex spp. nr. lookout, 26.v.2007, 1 ♀, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile, used in rearing, 24.viii.2008, 8 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, 7.ix.2008, 8 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (CNCI), K. N. Barber leg.; Lab-reared on Equisetum ssuviatile, from adults – Echo Bay, Echo Bay Marsh, 46°29.71'N 84°04.04'W, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile, 24.viii. & 7.ix.2008, [reared at] 22°C, 16L:8D, [each with empty puparium in gelatin capsule], ovip: 27.viii.2008, hatch: 2.ix.2008, puparium: 27.ix.2008, adult: 9.x.2008, 1 ♀, ovip: 28–29.viii.2008, hatch: 4.ix.2008, puparium: 29.ix.2008, adult: 11.x.2008, 1 ♀, ovip: 28–29.viii.2008, hatch: 4.ix.2008, puparium: 3.x.2008, adult: 14.x.2008, 1 ♂, ovip: 1–4.ix.2008, hatch: 8.ix.2008, puparium: 2.x.2008, adult: 15.x.2008, 1 ♀, ovip: [-].2008, hatch: 2–7.ix.2008, puparium: 15.x.2008, adult: 27.x.2008, 1 ♂, ovip: [-].2008, hatch: 2–7.ix.2008, puparium: 15.x.2008, adult: 28.x.2008, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); Echo Bay, Echo Bay Marsh, 46°29.71'N 84°04.04'W, ex. Equisetum ssuviatile?, moist ground cover including E. ssuviatile, 10.v.2008, [reared at] 20°C, L:D 16:8, [various emergence dates 20.v.–12.vi.2008], 13 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀; Echo Bay, Echo Bay Marsh, 46°29.71'N 84°04.04'W, ex. Equisetum ssuviatile, dry stalks on surface, 10.v.2008, [reared at] 20°C, L:D 16:8, [various emergence dates 17.v.–5.vi.2008], 53 ♂♂ 75 ♀♀, 17.v.2008, [reared at] 20°C, L:D 16:8, [various emergence dates 22.v.–5.vi.2008], 38 ♂♂ 41 ♀♀; Echo Bay, Echo Bay Marsh, 46°29.71'N 84°04.04'W, ex. Equisetum ssuviatile, dry stalks on surface, 4.iv.2009, [held at] 6°C, L:D 0:24, instar 3 dissected [various dates 4–24.iv.2009], [reared at] 20°C, L:D 16:8, [various pupariation dates 14.iv.–25.v.2009, emergence dates 1.v.–10.vi.2009], 101 ♂♂ 117 ♀♀ [each with empty puparium in gelatin capsule], all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); ~ 11 km ESE English River, Hwy#17, 49°09.42'N 90°50.11'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, 17.vii.2008, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀; ~ 2.8 km SE Fraserdale, 49°49.96'N 81°35.03'W, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatilis [sic] in wet ditch, 20.vii.2009, 13 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀; ~ 20 km NE Fraserdale, 50°00.00'N 81°27.21'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatilis [sic] in wet ditch, 20.vii.2009, 1 ♀; Goulais River, end of Island Rd., 46°43.57'N 84°24.45'W, sweeps, mud nats, Equisetum ssuviatile, Dulichium arundinaceum, 9.vii.2007, 13 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀; same locality but 46°43.33'N 84°24.72'W, sweeps, oxbow nats, Equisetum ssuviatile, sedges, herbs, 16.vii.2007, 8 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (all CNCI); same locality but 46°43.54'N 84°24.80'W, sweeps, oxbow nats, Equisetum ssuviatile, 16.vii.2007, 74 ♂♂ 56 ♀♀ (NMPC, OSAC, PMAE, RBCM, SEMC, UBCZ, UCRC, UGCA, WFBM 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ each; CNCI 29 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀); Goulais River, Pine Shores Rd., 46°42.83'N 84°26.20'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile in seasonal river channel, 30.vi.2007, 36 ♂♂ 38 ♀♀ (CNCI); same locality but 46°42.81'N 84°26.27'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile in seasonal river channel, 30.vi.2007, 24 ♂♂ 19 ♀♀ (AMNH, CASC, LACM, USNM 5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ each; CNCI 4 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀), all K. N. Barber leg.; Greenwater P. Pk., 49°11.05'N 81°16.04'W, sweeps, mostly emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 18.vii.2009, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DEBU 01501984–87); Greenwater P. Pk., Sandbar Lk.Trail, 49°13.10'N 81°17.35'W, sweeps, lakeshore Equisetum spp. [including E. ssuviatile], graminoids, Caltha, 21.vii.2009, 2 ♂♂ (DEBU 01502102, -03); Halfway Lake P. Pk., 46°54.22'N 81°37.94'W, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, graminoids, 29.vii.2007, 7 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501966–76), all K. N. Barber leg.; 60 mi W of Hearst, 5.vii.1954, 1 ♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg. (USNM); ~ 85 km W Hearst, 49°46.14'N 84°49.10'W, gas right-of-way, sweeps, sedges and Equisetum ssuviatile, 21.vi.2013, 10 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀; ~ 8 km NE Heyden, Hwy. 552 @ Bellevue Valley Rd., 46°42.80'N 84°17.12'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile / sedges in wet area, 23.vi.2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀; ~ 10.8 km W jct. Hwys 556 & 129, km.64.3 Ranger Lk. Rd., 46°53.46'N 83°27.01'W, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 23.vi.2007, 19 ♂♂ 20 ♀♀, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile and Dulichium arundinaceum, 23.vi.2007, 11 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile and Carex sp., 23.vi.2007, 8 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, sweeps, Carex sp., 23.vi.2007, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀; Hurkett, dock area, 48°50.42'N 88°29.38'W, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 31.vii.2008, 23 ♂♂ 13 ♀♀; ~11.9 km N Kejick, 49°43.89'N 95°04.14'W, sweeps, wet ditch, graminoids/ Equisetum, 30.vii.2008, 2 ♂♂, sweeps, wet ditch, Equisetum ssuviatile, 30.vii.2008, 5 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Manitoulin Is., Providence Bay at Mindemoya R., 26.vi.1992, 2 ♂♂, T. A. Wheeler leg. (LEMQ 0039308, -15); Hwy#17, ~8.5 km NW Marathon, 48°47.69'N 86°26.11'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile on saturated gravel, 16.vi.2007, 5 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 12.viii.2006, 1 ♀, 16.vi.2007, 12 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀, 31.vii.2008, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile with Carex sp., 12.viii.2006, 4 ♂♂ 10 ♀♀, 16.vi.2007, 5 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀, 26.viii.2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, emergent Carex sp., 16.vi.2007, 7 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); Hwy #17, ~ 8.5 km NW Marathon, 48°47.69'N 86°26.11'W, 28.iv.2012, ex. Equisetum ssuviatile, [reared] misted daily, 22°C, 16L:8D, 60–70% RH, dry stalks on surface, bulk pails, [various emergence dates 13.v.–11.vi.2012], 9 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, wet stalks on [sic “near”] surface, bulk pails, [various emergence dates 12.v.–4.vii.2012], 10 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀; same locality and date but ex. Equisetum ssuviatile, dry stalks on surface, [reared – each with empty puparium in gelatin capsule] 22°C, 16L:8D, 60–70% RH, larva dissected: 29.iv–1.v.2012, [various pupariation dates ± 2.v.–3.vi.2012, emergence dates 12.v.–16.vi.2012], 11 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀, wet stalks near surface, [reared – each with empty puparium in gelatin capsule] 22°C, 16L:8D, 60–70% RH, larva dissected: 29.iv–1.v.2012, [various pupariation dates ± 8.v.–2.vi.2012, emergence dates 17.v.–13.vi.2012], 9 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Marmora, in marsh, 5.vii.1952, 2 ♂♂, J. R. Vockeroth leg. (CNCI); Moosonee, 51.28288°N 80.63926°W, Repl. 2 wet, Malaise trap, 16–19.vi.2010, 3 ♂♂, NBP Field Party leg.(LEMQ); Moosonee, 51°16.17'N 80°39.10'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata, Scirpus, in wet hydro cut, 10.vii.2014, 3 ♀♀; Moosonee, 51°16.63'N 80°38.87'W, sweeps, Calamagrostis, Carex, drier edge of sedge meadow, 9.vii.2014, 1 ♀; Moosonee, 51°16.68'N 80°38.65'W, sweeps, C. utriculata, C. aquatilis, wet sedge meadow, 10.vii.2014, 2 ♂♂; Moosonee, 51°16.69'N 80°38.86'W, general sweeps, sedge meadow, 9.vii.2014, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀; Moosonee, 51°16.75'N 80°38.76'W, sweeps, Equisetum [ssuviatile] & graminoids, wet edge of sedge meadow, 9.vii.2014, 9 ♂♂ 9 ♀♀; Moosonee, 51°16.99'N 80°38.37'W, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile, Carex spp., wet sedge meadow, 10.vii.2014, 5 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg.; Ottawa, Mer Bleue, in marsh, 19.vii.1963, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, J. R.Vockeroth leg.; Otter Rapids, 50°10.80'N 81°38.59'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, 19.vii.2009, 5 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, sweeps, roadside Equisetum spp. [including E. ssuviatile], 19.vii.2009, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Pancake Bay P.Pk., 46°57.74'N 84°42.63'W, sweeps, Ammophila breviligulata on beach sand, 29.viii.2010, 2 ♀♀ (DEBU 01502551–52); Pancake Bay P. Pk., 46°58.08'N 84°42.77'W, sweeps, open fen community incl. E. ssuviatile & C. utriculata, 19.vii.2014, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (DEBU 01503973–76); Pancake Bay P. Pk., 46°58.10'N 84°42.71'W, sweeps, mostly Carex nr. wetland boardwalk, 24.vii.2004, 28 ♂♂ 26 ♀♀ (DEBU 01500642–95), 2.viii.2004, 6 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (DEBU 01500887–99), 4.ix.2004, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501441–46), sweeps, mostly emergent Carex / Equisetum [ssuviatile] nr. boardwalk, 16.vi.2007, 8 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501855–74); Pancake Bay P. Pk., 46°58.11'N 84°42.72'W, sweeps from boardwalk, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 20.viii.2006, 2 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501768–76), sweeps from boardwalk, mostly emergent sedges / Equisetum [ssuviatile], 17.vii.2004, 13 ♂♂ 16 ♀♀ (DEBU 01500285–313), 24.vii.2004, 46 ♂♂ 68 ♀♀ (DEBU 01500438–551), 2.viii.2004, 32 ♂♂ 48 ♀♀ (DEBU 01500760–790, -792–840), 7.viii.2004, 37 ♂♂ 48 ♀♀ (DEBU 01500985–1069), 3.ix.2004, 22 ♂♂ 30 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501271–322), 4.ix.2004, 31 ♂♂ 34 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501361–425), 27.vi.2005, 17 ♂♂ 42 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501621–79), 20.viii.2006, 7 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501777–91), 26.v.2007, 1 ♂ (DEBU 01501795), 16.vi.2007, 25 ♂♂ 21 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501806–51), 7.vii.2007, 29 ♂♂ 27 ♀♀ (DEBU 01501907–62), 25.viii.2007, 4 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (DEBU 01502418–25), 14.vi.2008, 2 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ (DEBU 0150187782), 29.v.2010, 4 ♂♂ 6 ♀♀ (DEBU 01502444–53), all K. N. Barber leg., sweeping from boardwalk, mostly emergent sedges / Equisetum [ssuviatile], 9.vii.2010, 20 ♂♂ 21 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Pancake Bay P. Pk., 46°58.12'N 84°42.75'W, sweeps, mostly graminoids/ Typha near wetland boardwalk, 2.viii.2004, 14 ♂♂ 18 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (DEBU 01500929–60); Prescott, 2.viii.1980, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber (DEBU); Hwy 101 at Prairie Bee River (west side bridge), 47°51.81'N 83°54.33'W, sweeps, mostly Carex utriculata, 14.vii.2013, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); Pukaskwa N. P., Coastal Trail, Hattie Cove–Playter Harbour, sweep, 21. vii.2001, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀, M. Buck leg. (DEBU 00183008, -019, -925); ~ 2 km SW Richmond, along railway 3.2 km NE Kettles Rd., 45°08.54'N 75°51.09'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, Typha, Calamagrostis, Impatiens, ditch, 25. vii.2007, 3 ♂♂ 1 ♀; ~ 4 km SW Richmond, jct. Munster Rd./Kettles Rd., 45°06.83'N 75°52.76'W, sweeps, sedges, Equisetum ssuviatile, nooded ditch/fen, 23.vii.2007, 25 ♂♂ 24 ♀♀; ~ 26 km SW Richmond, Jct. Roger Stevens Rd./ Dwyer Hill Rd., 45°02.61'N 75°52.36'W, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, Eleocharis sp., ditch, 23.vii.2007, 3 ♀♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Richmond Fen, 45°05'48.73"N 75°50'39.70"W, ex. forest, 11.vi.2010, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. B. Sinclar [B. J. Sinclair] leg.(CNCI, 1 ♂ genit.prep.); Rydal Bank, Rydal Bank Park, 46°21.92'N 83°44.62'W, sweeps, mostly emergent Equisetum ssuviatile / sedges, 20.viii.2006, 12 ♂♂ 8 ♀♀, sweeps, mostly emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 6.vii.2007, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀; St. Joseph Is., 0.3 km W jct. Base Line & U-Line, 46°10.67'N 83°51.22'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, Typha, Scirpus in ditch, 19.viii.2007, 7 ♂♂ 1 ♀; St. Joseph Is., ~ 3.9 km SE Hilton Beach, Hwy 548 (W Line), 46°13.80'N 83°50.96'W, sweeps, mostly Equisetum ssuviatile in dry ditch, 14.viii.2016, 1 ♂; S[ault] S[te.] Marie, 1072 Old Garden R. Rd., 46°33.64'N 84°17.11'W,sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, graminoids, Typha in wet ditch, 30.vii.2007, 4 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀; ~ 10 km W S[ault] S[te.] Marie, Sunnyside Beach Rd., 46°30.51'N 84°32.56'W,sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile, sedges, 22.vi.2007, 1 ♂ 3 ♀♀; ~ 21 km NNE Smooth Rock Falls, 49°20.91'N 81°32.01'W, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile in wet ditch, 19.vii.2009, 14 ♂♂ 12 ♀♀ (1 ♂ genit. prep.), sweeps, ditchside Equisetum spp. [including E. ssuviatile], grasses, herbs, 8.vii.2012, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, 19.vii.2009, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Sturgeon Falls, 15.v.1954, 1 ♂ 2 ♀♀, A. H. Sturtevant leg. (USNM); ~ 74 km NNE Thessalon, 46°53.94'N 83°16.23'W, shore of Mississagi R., sweeps, graminoids, herbs, Equisetum spp., 5.vii.2010, 3 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀, 17.vii.2010, 27 ♂♂ 50 ♀♀, sweeps, Equisetum ssuviatile on vegetated bank, 17.vii.2010, 7 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI), sweeping graminoids with Equisetum spp. on muddy shore, 5.vii.2010, 19 ♂♂ 20 ♀♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ genit. prep.); Hwy#17 @ Depew R., ~ 10 km SE White River, 48°32.18'N 85°10.32'W, sweeps, emergent Eleocharis sp., Equisetum ssuviatile, 7.vii.2007, 1 ♂ 6 ♀♀, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI). QUEBEC: Abitibi Co., 3 mi W L. Hebecourt, 21.viii.1972, 1 ♂, R. Hurley leg. (MTEC); Lac St-Francois Nat. Wildl. Area, Marais Fraser, 45°02.37'N 74°27.73'W, Carex meadow, sweeping F3a, 11.vi.1999, 3 ♂♂ 2 ♀♀ (LEMQ 0039135–37, -53, -55), sweeping F3b, 5.vi.1999, 3 ♀♀ (LEMQ 0039149, -51, -52), 11.vi.1999, 2 ♂♂ 1 ♀ (LEMQ 0039138, -40, -56), sweeping F3c, 20.v.1999, 1 ♀ (LEMQ 0039160), 28.v.1999, 1 ♀ (LEMQ 0039147), 11.vi.1999, 5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ (LEMQ 0039139, -41–44, -50, -54, -57–59), F. Beaulieu leg. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: MICHIGAN: Cheboygan Co., Roberts Road nr. U. Michigan Biol. Stn., 45°32.56'N 84°39.78'W, sweeps, roadside ditch, mostly Equisetum spp. [incl. E. ssuviatile], 25.vi.2010, 1 ♂, K. N. Barber leg. (CNCI); Keweenaw Co., 27.vii.1953, 8 ♂♂, G. Steyskal leg. (USNM).
Other material examined (not included in type series). CANADA: ONTARIO: Dubreuilville, along Magpie River, 48°21.12'N 84°34.04'W, sweeping Equisetum ssuviatile, Carex spp. on muddy river bank, 10.vii.2010, 2 ♂♂, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, used for molecular work); Echo Bay, Echo Bay Marsh, 46°29.71'N 84°04.04'W, sweeps, emergent Equisetum ssuviatile, 19.viii.2006, 1 ♂ (genit. prep., deformed genitalia); same locality but ex. Equisetum ssuviatile, dry stalks on surface, 4.iv.2009, [held at] 6°C, L:D 0:24, instar 3 dissected: 23.iv.2009, [reared at] 20°C, L:D 16:8, [each with empty puparium in gelatin capsule], puparium: 15.v.2009, emerged: 29.v.2009, 1 ♀ (teneral), puparium: 16.v.2009, emerged: 31.v.–1.vi.2009, 1 ♂ (deformed genitalia); Hwy #17, ~ 8.5 km NW Marathon, 48°47.69'N 86°26.11'W, 28.iv.2012, ex. Equisetum ssuviatile, [reared] misted daily, 22°C, 16L:8D, 60-70% RH, dry stalks on surface, bulk pails, emerged: 15.v.2012, 1 ♀ (teneral), 19.vi.2012, 1 ♂ (head and thorax crushed), all K. N. Barber leg. (all CNCI); Pancake Bay P. Pk., 46°58.10'N 84°42.71'W, sweeps, mostly Carex nr. wetland boardwalk, 2.viii.2004, 1 ♀, K. N. Barber leg. (DEBU 01500900, crushed head and thorax); Pancake Bay P. Pk., 46°58.11'N 84°42.72'W, sweeps from boardwalk, mostly emergent sedges / Equisetum [ssuviatile], 24.vii.2004, 2 ♂♂ (DEBU 01500436–437, both with crushed heads, one with crushed thorax), 4.ix.2004, 1 ♀ (DEBU 01501426, thorax crushed), all K. N. Barber leg., sweeping from boardwalk, mostly emergent sedges / Equisetum [ssuviatile], 9.vii.2010, 1 ♂ 1 ♀, J. Roháček leg. (SMOC, both headless); Sturgeon Falls, 15.v.1954, 1 ♂, A. H. Sturtevant leg. (USNM, epandrium torn/missing). QUEBEC: Lac St-Francois Nat.Wildl.Area, Marais Fraser, 45°02.37'N 74°27.73'W, Carex meadow, sweeping F3a, 11.vi.1999, 1 ♀ (LEMQ 0039148, head and thorax crushed), sweeping F3c, 11.vi.1999, 2 ♂♂ (LEMQ 0039145, -46, 1 ♂ genit. prep., 1 ♂ abdomen missing, both with heads disassociated), F. Beaulieu leg.
Description. Male. Although the closest relative of A. vulgaris, this species is externally more similar to A. furvifrons. Total body length 1.92–2.62 mm; general colour as in A. furvifrons including brownish grey (or dark bronze) microtomentum (Figs 522, 576). Head about as long as high (Fig. 522) and similarly shaped to that of A. furvifrons, dark brown and yellow. Occiput dorsomedially distinctly concave, dark brown with greyish microtomentum. Frons relatively narrow (as in A. vulgaris but shorter), medially in front of frontal triangle with dull blackish brown to (anteriorly) pale brown and often striated area longer than in relatives, reaching to anterior fourth to almost the fore margin of frons (Figs 523, 575). Frontal triangle also blackish brown but greyish brown microtomentose (denser on ocellar triangle), hence only lateral parts of anterior two-nths of frons orange-yellow. Orbits brightly yellow and silvery white microtomentose up to posterior ors, brown darkened and grey microtomentose behind the latter. Frontal triangle slightly wider than in A. vulgaris and reaching to about midpoint of frons. Frontal lunule, face, parafacialia and gena formed and coloured as in A. vulgaris. Postgena with yellow restricted to ventral margin. Mouthparts as in both A. furvifrons and A. vulgaris. Cephalic chaetotaxy very similar to that of A. vulgaris but oc often (slightly) longest of all frontal setae, rarely 1 additional microsetula in front of anterior ors setula, 1–3 pairs of medial microsetulae in anterior third of frons; 6–7 postoculars, vi usually longer but thinner than middle ors. Palpus as in A. vulgaris, including chaetotaxy. Eye moderately convex, less elongate (Fig. 522) than in A. vulgaris but similarly widened anteroventrally and narrowed posterodorsally (here distinctly wider in A. furvifrons, cf. Fig. 518), with longest diameter 1.30–1.35 times as long as the shortest. Smallest genal height about 0.14 times as long as shortest eye diameter. Antenna yellow but 1st nagellomere sometimes ochreous-brown darkened around base of arista; 1st nagellomere with short white pilosity. Arista brown, somewhat shorter than in relatives, about 1.7 times as long as antenna, with cilia slightly shorter than those on nrst nagellomere.
Thorax as wide as head; blackish brown (mesonotum) to brown (pleural part) and densely brownish grey to dark bronze microtomentose (Fig. 522). Thoracic chaetotaxy largely as in A. vulgaris but the hindmost dc microseta (in front of anterior dc) usually distinctly enlarged, sometimes even appearing like a third (foremost) dc macroseta; usually 2 distinct setulae in dorsal half of sternopleuron in additional to 2 usual stpl. Scutellum as in A. vulgaris. Legs distinctly darker (Figs 522, 574–576) than in both Nearctic relatives: largely dark yellow but cx 1 entirely or at least partly (in dorsal corner) brown and microtomentose, f 1 usually brownish on posterior side and often also cx 2, cx 3, f 3, t 1 (opposite ctenidial spine), t 3 (less frequently also f 2 and t 2) more or less darkened (except for ends of femora and tibiae); 1–(usually) 2 terminal tarsal segments of all tarsi pale brown to brown. f 1 with ctenidial spine ranging from as long as (most frequently) to distinctly longer than maximum width of t 1. Other pedal chaetotaxies as described above for A. furvifrons but t 2 with ventroapical seta stronger. Wing (Fig. 526) long but relatively wider (less elongate) than that of A. vulgaris, coloured as in the latter species. Wing venation closely resembling that of A. vulgaris but R 4+5 usually more diverging from M distally, cross-vein r-m situated slightly in front of the middle of dm cell and apical portion of CuA 1 slightly longer than dm-cu. Wing measurements: length 1.94–2.62 mm, width 0.59–0.79 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.20–1.63, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.89–3.27. Haltere dirty yellow with knob ochreous (or orange)-brown darkened (Fig. 574) but the latter often more or less faded in alcohol-preserved specimens (Fig. 522).
Abdomen similarly formed, coloured and setose to that of A. vulgaris unless stated otherwise. T1 with anterior corners yellow, contrasting with rest of brown tergum. Preabdominal sterna darker than those of A. vulgaris, all pale brown or S2 and S5 (mainly laterally) darker. T6 half length or less of T5, transverse, largely brown but medially narrowly unpigmented, bare or with a few setae at posterior margin. S6 and S7 subequally brown or S7 darker, both with blackish brown ledge-like anterior margin, each with 1 (rarely 2) setae; S8 as in A. vulgaris and A. furvifrons.
Genitalia most resembling those of A. vulgaris. Epandrium (Figs 580, 581) somewhat wider than high and with setae less dense than in latter species, with 1 (or more) dorsolateral pair(s) longer and more robust; anal nssure broadly rounded subtriangular, wider than in A. vulgaris. Cercus with apex rounded, setae relatively short and apical seta hardly longer others. Medandrium (Figs 580, 581) slightly wider (mainly dorsally) than in A. vulgaris and not constricted in the middle in lateral view. Gonostylus (Figs 580, 581, 588) small, very similar to that of A. vulgaris but with anterior margin not or only slightly concave and setae on inner side of anterior margin less numerous. Hypandrium (Fig. 582) generally as in A. vulgaris including the membranous anterior internal lobes. Transandrium (Fig. 583) also similar but caudal process shorter and basally wider, with medial desclerotized area well delimited; its ventral appendage distinctive with strongly naring margins (Figs 582–584), much broader than that of A. vulgaris, particularly posteriorly (Fig. 584). Pregonite (Fig. 582) low, with anterior part less projecting medioventrally than that of A. vulgaris, but similarly setose, though 2 shorter setae often smaller. Postgonite (Fig. 582) thicker, less bent and with blunter apex than in A. vulgaris; its dark basal sclerite with fewer (usually 3–4) ventral spines. Basal membrane as in relatives. Aedeagal part of folding apparatus similarly spinose to that of A. vulgaris but right wall with spines in dorsal cluster longer (Fig. 587) and its left wall (Fig. 585) usually with fewer small spines (dorsally with 2–3 dark strong spines as in A. vulgaris). Connecting sclerite slender and sclerotized, gradually tapering towards apex, the latter usually terminated by only 1 spine and surrounded by a few short pale spines (Fig. 585). Phallapodeme most resembling that of A. vulgaris but its apex with more projecting ventrolateral corners. Aedeagus (Fig. 585) differing from that of A. vulgaris in the saccus having proximal sclerite with serrate margin on right side and more (usually 5) robust black spines in dilated membranous distal part. Filum as in A. vulgaris, with terminal slender part simple and with 2 minute spinulae (Fig. 586). Ejacapodeme small, with very slender digitiform projection (Fig. 585).
Female. Similar to male unless mentioned otherwise. Total body length 2.14–3.14 mm. Antenna with 1st nagellomere anterodorsally (on both sides) more or less ochreous brown, usually with only small proximal and ventral parts yellow. Marginal stripe of parafacialia and particularly gena darker ochreous to brown (as in A. vulgaris). Palpus yellow but with apex distinctly brownish-darkened. Legs usually paler than in male but brown or ochreous brown darkenings on cx 1 and usually also f 1 distinct. Wing measurements: length 2.16–3.10 mm, width 0.67–0.99 mm, Cs 3: Cs 4 = 1.16–1.40, rm\dm-cu: dm-cu = 2.65–3.10.Abdomen similarly formed, coloured and setose to that of A. vulgaris. Preabdominal sterna S2–S5 lighter but not narrower than in male; only S1 and S2 brownish, S3–S5 light ochreous yellow, becoming very slightly larger and wider posteriorly and as long as broad; S5 subequal to S 4 in size.
Postabdomen (Figs 589–591) generally as in A. vulgaris. T6 broad, usually more transverse than in A. vulgaris, with narrowly unpigmented posterior margin and setae in posterior twothirds. S6 transversely suboblong or trapezoidal (wider posteriorly), darker than that of A. vulgaris, particularly laterally. Tergosternum T7+S7 narrow, conical, blackish brown (Figs 589, 590) except for ventral part, the latter with the ochreous brown anterior strip with longitudinal groove medially (as in A. vulgaris), but the strip extending as a pale-pigmented (brown to yellowish) area a third of the way dorsolaterally (Figs 589, 591); the ventral desclerotized area similar to that of A. vulgaris or with anterolateral corners more projecting. Posterior to this area there is a pale brown nat posteromedial appendage (Fig. 591) being variably bent in pronle, thus similar to that of A. vulgaris. In addition, T7+S7 has posterolateral secondary sclerotizations (Fig. 589, arrow) that are well developed in contrast to A. vulgaris. 8th segment (Figs 589, 590), elongate and largely membranous as in A. vulgaris but T8 not extended wing-like anterolaterally, with narrow, deep anterior incision and with longest exclinate setae situated more posteriorly (Fig. 590); S8 formed and setose as in A. vulgaris. Genital chamber (uterus) with internal sclerotizations very similar to those of A. vulgaris but pair of posterior nat sclerites slightly larger and of more regular elongately oblong form in lateral view (Fig. 592); anterior annular sclerite (Figs 592, 596) usually less strongly curved, rather sigmoid in lateral view. Ventral receptacle (Figs 592, 594) slender, simply tube-like, thicker basally and thinner apically, distinctly shorter than that of A. vulgaris; accessory gland hyaline, subspherical, with nnely granulate surface, on distally dilated and ringed duct. Spermathecae (Figs 593, 595) closely resembling those of A. vulgaris (including long invagination, hardly wrinkled surface and short cervix), but spinulae at opening of invagination fewer and more robust (some can be bicuspid). T10 (Fig. 590) yet smaller than that of A. vulgaris, narrower anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, with 3–4 pairs of setae including 1 long pair; micropubescence reduced. S10 (Fig. 591) narrow, elongately rounded triangular, tapered posteriorly, nnely setulose and largely micropubescent. Cercus as in A. vulgaris including chaetotaxy (Figs 589–591).
Discussion. Anthomyza equiseti sp. nov. is considered to be the closest relative of A. vulgaris sp. nov. (for shared characters see discussion under the latter species). It is more specialized as to host plants than is A. vulgaris because it appears to be exclusively associated with some horsetail species (see below).
Anthomyza equiseti is rather easily distinguished from all other members of the A. gracilis group by its brownish-grey darkened legs (parts of fore coxae, usually fore femora and sometimes also other femora and tibiae), haltere and anteromedial part of the frons (see key). It also has a very distinctive, robust, broad and (also ventrally) strongly dentate (nared) ventral appendage of the caudal process of the transandrium and a characteristic female T7+S7 with the anteroventral pale-pigmented strip narrowly expanded dorsolaterally. For other differences from A. vulgaris see discussion under the latter species and the above description.
Etymology. The name of the new species is a Latin noun in genitive case which indicates its association with horsetails (Equisetum spp.).
Biology. Anthomyza equiseti is one of the few Nearctic species of Anthomyzidae for which we have strong evidence for a specinc host. The rearings made from material collected at the Echo Bay, Ontario site are quite extensive and summarized here. This work was done before, and thus guided, the work done later at the Marathon, Ontario site (summarized under A. vockerothi, see Tab. 1).
An attempt at rearing from eggs was conducted in late 2008 before becoming aware, in early 2009, of the microhabitat of the larvae behind the nodal sheaths (Figs 578, 579). Thus this early rearing trial was fraught with high mortality. The adult nies were provided with short sections of stalks of E. ssuviatile that had been stored in the freezer since collection in late August. These stalks were variously presented vertically (“planted”) in moist sand or horizontally as longitudinally split sections on top of the moist sand. Oviposition was very successful with 1400–1500 eggs laid from 27 August to 12 October across 10 oviposition cup cages populated by adults collected 24 August (25 ♂♂ 31 ♀♀) and 7 September (36 ♂♂ 56 ♀♀). However, more than 1000 of these eggs were laid on the surfaces of the plastic cup cage or in the crevices where the screen was glued to the roof. Eggs were handled in a standard way and more than 900 nrst-instar larvae were transferred to shallow plates with short sections of E. ssuviatile stalks but without sand. Most larvae penetrated into the walls of the stalks through the severed ends. However, as in the oviposition cages, these stalks were very prone to mold and only 10 puparia were produced. From these, only six adults emerged after 11 (1 ♂), 12 (1 ♂ 2 ♀♀) or 13 (1 ♂ 1 ♀) days pupariation at 22°C which is 12.2 ± 0.3 days for the sexes combined (n = 6). Future rearing attempts will need to nll in the nner details of larval nutrition in the limited “external” space behind the nodal sheaths in order to improve the success rate of rearing these nies.
Previously in the spring (10 May 2008), marsh litter and substrate (about 0.3 m 2) composed mostly of moss and a few E. ssuviatile stalks was cut out with a trowel from below the overwintered stalks of E. ssuviatile (most of the latter had been removed/collected). This substrate was kept in vented plastic boxes at 20°C and yielded 13 ♂♂ 11 ♀♀ of A. equiseti emerging from 20 May to 12 June along with 2 ♀♀ of A. orthogibbus. A sample of the dried stalks of E. ssuviatile (~15 L) was also taken on 10 May and held in nve large plastic boxes while a second sample (~55 L) was taken on 17 June and held in nve 20-L fabric-topped pails (as described under A. vockerothi). These samples of dried stalks yielded 53 ♂♂ 75 ♀♀ of A. equiseti from 17 May to 5 June (boxes) and 38 ♂♂ 41 ♀♀ from 22 May to 5 June (pails) plus 3 ♂♂ and 6 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ of A. orthogibbus, respectively. All neld samples were held until 18 June and then discarded.
The rearings of 2008 strongly implicated E. ssuviatile as the host plant at the Echo Bay site, so on 4 April 2009, another sample was taken with the express purpose of searching for overwintered immatures. These stalks were maintained in the lab at 6°C until subsamples were searched for larvae as time permitted from 5 to 24 April. A majority of the total 268 larvae was found within the space between the nodal sheath and the stalk itself while a small number was found loose in the bottom of the containers. Occasionally there were two larvae in a single nodal sheath and no larvae were found within the hollow internal core of the internodes. Each day’s batch of larvae was set up in small plastic petri plates with a short section of dry E. ssuviatile stalk which was moistened and cleaned as needed. Of the nrst 68 larvae, 40 were set up individually on a plastic plate while 14 were paired, 6 were in 2 plates of 3 larvae each and one plate held a group of 8 larvae. The remaining 200 larvae were kept in groups of 10 per plate to reduce the total number of plates maintained. The smaller groupings were provided with a section of stalk including a node while the larger groups of 8 and 10 larvae were provided with a longitudinally split section of stalk. The 70 plates were checked daily whenever possible and puparia removed as formed. Larval plates from the same setup date and density were combined partway through as numbers of larvae decreased. Fourteen of the 18 larval deaths had occurred by 25 April with the last death recorded 25 May and holding larvae in larger groups did not increase mortality – 5/60 = 8.3% in small groups compared to 13/208 = 6.3% in groups of 8 or 10 larvae. Puparia were cleaned, dried and then placed individually in a plastic pill vial. In all, 247 puparia were produced beginning 14 or 15 April with the last recruited on 25 May, and the nnal 3 larvae were killed 29 May. The puparia produced 102 ♂♂ 118 ♀♀ of A. equiseti and 5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀ of A. orthogibbus (data summarized under that species), 4 puparia were parasitized (Figitidae: Eucoilinae, 3 adults emerged while one died) and 14 died of unknown causes. There were complete data for 90 ♂♂ 108 ♀♀ of A. equiseti providing estimates of 15.5 ± 0.1 (males) and 15.1 ± 0.1 (females) days of pupariation at 20°C.
Adults of A. equiseti have been collected from E. ssuviatile, or a plant community including this plant species, in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba and many sites in Ontario. One site (British Columbia: Parson) was a roadside ditch predominated by Carex utriculata, E. palustre and E. × litorale, but no E. ssuviatile was observed in the immediate collection area. This ditch bordered an extensive protected marshy area that likely supported E. ssuviatile so this collection of a single female may have been from a neighbouring source. Possible alternative host species within Equisetum were listed in the Biology section under A. vockerothi but we do not have direct evidence yet of any host other than E. ssuviatile. A mixture of Equisetum spp. that included E. ssuviatile along Roberts Road near the University of Michigan Biological Station, Michigan, is one of only two collections of this species made in the United States of America. Most other label data not specincally mentioning Equisetum refer to moist or wet habitats supporting such graminoid plants as Carex, Scirpus, Juncus, Typha, and Calamagrostis. The latter grass was on the edge of a sedge meadow (Ontario: Moosonee) that had pockets of E. ssuviatile, especially in the perimeter ditches. There are singular references to “on hemlock ” and ex. Cicuta maculata L. [= “ Cicuta occidentalis Greene ”] (British Columbia: Lakelse Lk. bog) but both likely refer to “ water hemlock ” in this wetland and possibly represent spillover of adult nies from nearby E. ssuviatile. Similarly, “ex. forest” may be somewhat misleading given that the locality was the Richmond Fen (Ontario) where E. ssuviatile is plentiful. Anthomyza equiseti has been collected from 15 May (Ontario: Sturgeon Falls) to 7 September (Ontario: Echo Bay Marsh).
Distribution. This species occurs transcontinentally in Canada from British Columbia to Newfoundland (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Ontario, Quebec) but in the United States of America it is known only from Michigan (see Table 2, Fig. 599). This apparent paucity of more southern records is likely an artefact of the habitat being under collected since the primary (sole?) host plant, E. ssuviatile, is known to occur broadly in the northern states of the U.S.A. (Washington / Oregon to Maine / Virginia) (HAUKE 1993).
description: Published as part of Roháćek, Jindřich & Barber, Kevin N., 2016, Nearctic Anthomyzidae: a monograph of Anthomyza and allied genera (Diptera), pp. 1-412 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (suppl.) (suppl.) 56 on pages 347-358, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4272829