cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Dynamical Stability of the Solar System
Creators: name: Batygin, Konstantin
name: Laughlin, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A long-term numerical integration of the classical Newtonian approximation to the planetary orbital motions of the full Solar System (sun + 8 planets), spanning 20 Gyr, was performed. The results showed no severe instability arising over this time interval. Subsequently, utilizing a bifurcation method described by Jacques Laskar, two numerical experiments were performed with the goal of determining dynamically allowed evolutions for the Solar System in which the planetary orbits become unstable. The experiments yielded one evolution in which Mercury falls onto the Sun at ~1.261Gyr from now, and another in which Mercury and Venus collide in ~862Myr. In the latter solution, as a result of Mercury's unstable behavior, Mars was ejected from the Solar System at ~822Myr. We have performed a number of numerical tests that confirm these results, and indicate that they are not numerical artifacts. Using synthetic secular perturbation theory, we find that Mercury is destabilized via an entrance into a linear secular resonance with Jupiter in which their corresponding eigenfrequencies experience extended periods of commensurability. The effects of general relativity on the dynamical stability are discussed. An application of the bifurcation method to the outer Solar System (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) showed no sign of instability during the course of 24Gyr of integrations, in keeping with an expected Uranian dynamical lifetime of 10^(18) years.
description: 37 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Методология IIB для применения
Creators: name: Zaytseva, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Рабочая версия, краткое описание.

Интеллектуальный Нематериальный Банк (IIB).

Автор: Анна А. Зайцева, Wise Jester / Мудрый Шут.
D10.1 A value chain mapping report covering the three target countries
Creators: name: Ballón Ossio, Adriana
name: Anggraeni, Kartika
Publisher: name: SteamBioAfrica
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biofuels
Value Chains

description: Countries across Southern Africa are increasingly suffering from encroachment of native bush overgrowth and of invasive species. This unwanted woody biomass competes with livestock and wildlife for water, contributes to soil erosion, and threatens natural habitats and local savannah ecosystems. However, the cost to clear bush exceeds the immediate benefits of increased agricultural productivity. The SteamBioAfrica project seeks to tackle bush encroachment by transforming the bush and invasive biomass into solid a clean burning biofuel and water. This report composes deliverable D10.1 of WP10. The objective of WP10 is to identify existing value chains to enable large scale commercialisation of the proposed solid biofuel. Deliverable 10.1 analyses existing value chains of solid cooking and heating energy sources (particularly of charcoal and firewood) in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, with particular focus on the downstream value chain (retail and distribution sector). The main source of data collection for this report is a baseline survey on the commercialisation of cooking and heating energy sources carried out in selected rural, peri-urban and urban areas in the three countries. Target groups included the retail sector: wholesalers, small-scale retailers, kiosks and open-air stalls, as well as household consumers. Other sources of data collection include expert interviews and grey literature. Findings of the analysis indicate that rural households commonly use firewood as one of the main sources of energy for heating and cooking. However, this finding does not necessarily reflect the real usage of firewood in rural areas, which can be higher than the baseline survey result, because many rural consumers often collect firewood themselves. Urban and peri-urban households use electricity and/or LPG as their main source of energy for heating and cooking. Compared to firewood, charcoal is a costly cooking and heating energy source. Urban and peri-urban households commonly use charcoal only for leisure activities (barbecue, parties). To facilitate the long-term commercialisation of the proposed solid biofuel it is important to increase the attractiveness of the product by, for example, offering free delivery services, online selling systems, diverse payment options (cash, ‘pay later’ options, phone payments) and offer a reliable supply of the product, particularly in rural areas. Moreover, it is key to offer fair and competitive prices, especially in rural areas, where potential customers generally still use firewood, which they can collect themselves for free. Any positive health aspect of the solid biofuel (e.g., generating less smoke or having higher calorific value) might be useful in the biofuel marketing.
A new annulation method and its application to terpenoid synthesis
Creators: name: Tse, Hoi Lun Allan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The major theme of the work described in this thesis is concerned with the preparation of the β-trimethylstannyl enoates 53, 54 and 55, and their utilization in annulation processes. Treatment of the enol triflates 88, 91 and 92 with the cuprate reagent 56 produces compounds 53, 54 and 55, respectively, in good yields. Base promoted alkylation of the enoates 53 and 54 with 3-iodo-1-chloropropane provides the products 111 and 119. Under similar reaction conditions, 55 was alkylated with 1,4-dibromobutane and 1,5-dibromopentane to give 132 and 136. By employing standard reactions, 111, 119, 132 and 136 were converted into 113, 123, 134 and 141, respectively. Treatment of 113, 123, 134 and 141 with methyllithium in THF, in the presence of HMPA, led to the formation of the substituted bicycle[4.3.0]nonenes 114, 124 and 128, and the bicyclo[5.3.0]decene 142, respectively. The annulation method described above was applied successfully to the synthesis of the sesquiterpenoid (±)-chiloscyphone (151) and its isomer (±)-S-epi-chilos-cyphone (203). Thus, reaction of compounds 182 and 183, which were derived from 54 and the alkylating agent 178, with methyllithium in THF-HMPA provided the key bicyclic intermediates 184 and 190, respectively. These two compounds were subsequently transformed into 151 and 203. The sesquiterpenoid eremofukinone, whose structure was proposed as 204, was synthesized by exploiting the annulation method described earlier. Treatment of compound 228, which was produced from 54 and the dibromide 223, with methyllithium in 1,2-dimethoxyethane afforded the key intermediate 229 along with the diene 230. Suitable chemical manipulations converted 229 into 204. On comparing the ¹H nmr spectra of 204 and eremofukinone, substantial differences were noticed. Since compound 204 was constructed by an unambiguous route, it was concluded that the original structural proposal for eremofukinone is in error. [Formula Omitted]
Semantic Table Retrieval using Keyword and Table Queries
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuo
name: Balog, Krisztian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tables on the Web contain a vast amount of knowledge in a structured form. To tap into this valuable resource, we address the problem of table retrieval: answering an information need with a ranked list of tables. We investigate this problem in two different variants, based on how the information need is expressed: as a keyword query or as an existing table ("query-by-table"). The main novel contribution of this work is a semantic table retrieval framework for matching information needs (keyword or table queries) against tables. Specifically, we (i) represent queries and tables in multiple semantic spaces (both discrete sparse and continuous dense vector representations) and (ii) introduce various similarity measures for matching those semantic representations. We consider all possible combinations of semantic representations and similarity measures and use these as features in a supervised learning model. Using two purpose-built test collections based on Wikipedia tables, we demonstrate significant and substantial improvements over state-of-the-art baselines.
description: ACM Transactions on the Web (TWEB). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1802.06159
The role of magnetic field gradients in nuclear magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Luck, Stanley David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A high resolution NMR probe was modified with gradient coils (31 mm diameter) for the measurement of translational diffusion and for microscopic imaging, and a larger set of gradient coils (15 cm diameter) was constructed for surface coil diffusion measurements. The magnitudes of the gradients produced by these coils were determined from the linewidths and lineshapes of gradient spectra. In diffusion experiments using the pulsed gradient method of Stejskal and Tanner, induced eddy currents and slow variation of the magnetic field at the sample interfered with measurements at short echo times. For these experiments the known diffusion coefficient of water was used to determine the effective gradient in each experiment. The diffusion coefficient of acrylonitrile was measured from the decay of single, double and triple quantum echoes using a modified pulsed field gradient spin echo pulse sequence. In the second part of this thesis, three examples of living systems were studied. The first involved the application of pulsed gradient spin echo measurements to characterize the motion of water and lipid, in-vivo, in human forearm. Spin echo spectra from human forearm gave a water signal that was attributed to extracellular water because of relatively long spin-spin relaxation time (0.8 s) compared to that of intracellular water (20-30 ms). Comparison of the diffusivity of water, from experiments at two different echo times suggest that the major part of the motion of water, in-vivo, was due to directionally randomized bulk flow rather than molecular diffusion. The second application involved the chemical shift resolved mapping of the proton distribution, in one-dimension, along the anteroposterior direction, of pupae of the Douglas-fir cone moth Barbara colfaxiana. Proton distribution maps showed that the distribution of the aqueous fluid depended upon the vertical orientation, head pointing upward or downward, of the pupae. Finally, two dimensional images of mature caps of the marine alga Acetabularia mediterranea were obtained using the normal spin echo sequence as well as with T₁, T₂ and diffusion contrasting. D₂O—contrasting was obtained by briefly submerging the caps in D₂O. All of these images showed features resembling the radial structure of the caps. The resolution was estimated by comparison with microscopic views of the caps and was found to be 0.1 mm, determined as the smallest distinguishable feature in the image.
title: The Role of the Preoptic Area in Social Interaction in Zebrafish
Creators: name: Kelly, J
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2019

description: The proposed “Social Decision Making Network” (SDMN) is a network of conserved, interconnected brain areas believed to regulate social behaviour across vertebrate taxa. While the role of the SDMN in complex social behaviours is relatively well understood, we know comparatively little about the role of the SDMN in simple grouping and responses to social cues. While the existence of the SDMN in mammals is well supported, its role in social behaviour in other taxa is less well studied. By analysing neuronal activation in the preoptic area (POA), dorsal nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area (Vd), supracommissural nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area (Vs), and ventral nucleus of the ventral telencephalic area (Vv) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) I aimed to determine how these four nodes of the SDMN respond when shoaling and when exposed to different social cues. Combined visual and olfactory exposure to conspecifics significantly increased levels of the phosphorylated ribosome S6 protein (PS6) in the POA, however surprisingly there was no change in POA PS6 levels when fish were allowed to shoal, suggesting the POA may in fact be responding to social cues rather than shoaling itself. Other nodes of the SDMN showed no changes in PS6 levels. Based on these findings I investigated POA regulation of shoaling by analysing expression of isotocin (IT) neurons in the POA of two populations of zebrafish with different shoaling phenotypes. I found that more social fish had more magnocellular IT neurons than less social fish, but there were no differences in parvocellular or gigantocellular IT neuron numbers. My findings provide evidence that the POA is sensitive to social cues but is not necessarily activated by shoaling. Furthermore, my results demonstrate that adult plasticity in magnocellular IT neurons is associated with changes in shoaling tendencies in zebrafish.
Fast computation of magnetostatic fields by Non-uniform Fast Fourier Transforms
Creators: name: Kritsikis, Evaggelos
name: Toussaint, Jean-Christophe
name: Fruchart, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The bottleneck of micromagnetic simulations is the computation of the long-ranged magnetostatic fields. This can be tackled on regular N-node grids with Fast Fourier Transforms in time N logN, whereas the geometrically more versatile finite element methods (FEM) are bounded to N^4/3 in the best case. We report the implementation of a Non-uniform Fast Fourier Transform algorithm which brings a N logN convergence to FEM, with no loss of accuracy in the results.
Hedges
Creators: name: Thomson, J. M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1870
Subjects: East Hampton
Photographs
Cabinet photographs
Portrait photographs
Portraits
Hedges Family

description: This image shows a portrait of a man. The reverse side of the photo has a inscription that says this is "Lon Hedges" or it says "Son Hedges". This photograph is part of a collection of photographs found in the ceiling of 140A Main Street, now 138, in East Hampton in 1970. This collection was donated by Joan Osborne in April 1995.
Water Vapour Effects in Mass Measurement
Creators: name: Khélifa, N. -E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water vapour inside the mass comparator enclosure is a critical parameter. In fact, fluctuations of this parameter during mass weighing can lead to errors in the determination of an unknown mass. To control that, a proposal method is given and tested. Preliminary results of our observation of water vapour sorption and desorption processes from walls and mass standard are reported.
Petalomium Cross 1965
Creators: name: Khaustov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Pygmephoridae
Petalomium

description: Genus Petalomium Cross, 1965
 Type species: Parapygmephorus (Petalomium) krczali Cross, 1965, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Khaustov, Alexander A., 2015, Two new myrmecophilous species of the genus Petalomium (Acari: Pygmephoroidea: Neopygmephoridae), pp. 549-559 in Zootaxa 3999 (4) on page 550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/244406
Turcinoemacheilus Banarescu & Nalbant 1964
Creators: name: Kaya, Cüneyt
name: Yogurtçuoglu, Baran
name: Aksu, Ismail
name: Bayçelebi, Esra
name: Turan, Davut
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Nemacheilidae
Turcinoemacheilus

description: 3.1 | Key for the genus Turcinoemacheilus
1a. Anus situated behind middle between pelvic-fin and anal-fin origins. …………………………………………………2
1b. Anus situated at or in front of middle between pelvic-fin and anal-fin origins. …………………………………………………3
2a. An elongated, irregularly shaped dark blotch on sides of anal-fin base; anal-fin origin situated at vertical of tip of dorsal fin when adpressed to body. ……………………………………………… T. bahaii.
2b. No dark blotch on side of anal-fin base; anal-fin origin situated behind vertical of tip of dorsal fin when adpressed to body. ……………………………………………… T. hafezi.
3a. Lateral stripe or row of blotches absent along lateral midline, 7 – 9 distinct dark saddles on body. ……………………………………………… T. saadii.
3b. Prominent row of dark brown blotches along lateral midline, usually fused into a lateral stripe. …………………………………………………4
4a. Caudal peduncle length 6 – 7% SL; 4 – 5 mandibular pores in mandibular canal. ………………………………………… T. minimus.
4b. Caudal peduncle length 7% – 9% SL; 5 – 7 mandibular pores in mandibular canal. ……………………………………………5
5a. A dark mid-lateral stripe narrower than eye diameter throughout lateral line; pre-pelvic distance 47% – 50% SL; upper caudal fin lobe 18% – 21% SL; maxillary barbel 21% – 26% HL.………………………………… T. kosswigi.
5b. A mid-lateral stripe thicker than eye diameter present throughout lateral line, rarely possessing roundish blotches; prepelvic distance 50% – 53% SL; upper caudal fin lobe 14% – 18% SL; maxillary barbel 15% – 21% HL. ………………………………… T. ekmekciae.
description: Published as part of Kaya, Cüneyt, Yogurtçuoglu, Baran, Aksu, Ismail, Bayçelebi, Esra & Turan, Davut, 2024, Turcinoemacheilus ekmekciae, a new dwarf loach from upper Tigris and Euphrates (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 227-239 in Journal of Fish Biology 104 (1) on pages 229-230, DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15578, http://zenodo.org/record/10928702
Deeply inelastic pions in the exclusive reaction $p(e,e'π^+)n$ above the resonance region
Creators: name: Kaskulov, Murat M.
name: Gallmeister, Kai
name: Mosel, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for the $p(e,e'π^+)n$ reaction which combines an improved treatment of gauge invariant meson--exchange currents and hard deep--inelastic scattering (DIS) of virtual photons off nucleons is proposed. It is shown that DIS dominates and explains the transverse response at moderate and high photon virtualities $Q^2$ whereas the longitudinal response is dominated by hadronic degrees of freedom and the pion electromagnetic form factor. This leads to a combined description of the longitudinal and transverse components of the cross section in a wide range of photon virtuality $Q^2$ and momentum transfer to the target $t$ and solves the longstanding problem of the observed large transverse cross sections. The latter are shown to be sensitive to the intrinsic transverse momentum distribution of partons.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. published version
Blandford-Znajek mechanism versus Penrose process
Creators: name: Komissarov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the three decades since its theoretical discovery the Blandford-Znajek process of extracting the rotational energy of black holes has become one of the foundation stones in the building of modern relativistic astrophysics. However, it is also true that for a long time its physics was not well understood, as evidenced by the controversy that surrounded it since 1990s. Thanks to the efforts of many theorists during the last decade the state of affairs is gradually improving. In this lecture I attempt to explain the key ingredients of this process in more or less systematic, rigorous, and at the same time relatively simple fashion. A particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences between the Blandford-Znajek and Penrose processes. To this purpose I formulate the notion of energy counter flow. The concept of horizon membrane is replaced with the concept of vacuum as an electromagnetically active medium. The effect of negative phase velocity of electromagnetic waves in the black hole ergosphere is also discussed.
description: To be published in the proceedings of the APCTP Winter School on Black Hole Astrophysics, 24-29 Jan 2008, Daejeon and Pohang, Korea
Una procedura meccanica nella valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica di edifici in c.a.
Creators: name: Mariniello, Cristiano
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2008

description: L’argomento trattato nel presente volume riguarda la valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica di classi di edifici in c.a. esistenti. La problematica legata a tale tipologia di costruzioni, che rappresenta la maggior parte del patrimonio edilizio presente sul territorio italiano, è senza dubbio attuale ed allo stesso tempo ha assunto una
notevole importanza sia da parte della comunità scientifica che dalle pubbliche amministrazioni. Gli edifici esistenti sono caratterizzati da problemi riguardanti fenomeni di degrado e vetustà oltre ad essere stati progettati secondo norme, pratiche progettuali e concezioni ingegneristiche strutturali molto distanti da quelle che vengono intese ed accettate odiernamente. A seguito di un evento sismico risulta quindi importante conoscere il livello di sicurezza di queste strutture sia per effettuare degli studi di scenario, individuando gli edifici più a rischio sul territorio e pianificarne gli interventi utili al ripristino della sicurezza, e sia per indirizzare i primi soccorsi post evento sismico verso le aree più vulnerabili.
Queste eventualità trovano una motivazione ancora più forte soprattutto alla luce della nuova riclassificazione sismica del territorio nazionale che a quella delle attuali
normative antisismiche approvate. La valutazione della vulnerabilità sismica degli edifici esistenti in c.a. viene proposta in questa ricerca attraverso l’implementazione di un metodo di tipo meccanico che fornisce le curve di fragilità sismica per classi e
aggregati urbani di edifici esistenti. In particolare lo studio è stato diviso in cinque capitoli. Nel primo capitolo viene trattata la problematica degli edifici esistenti individuando le principali fonti di vulnerabilità cui possono essere soggetti. Nel
secondo capitolo si presenta il metodo proposto per la valutazione della vulnerabilità di aggregati urbani, illustrando anche la procedura implementata in un software di calcolo automatico. Nel terzo capitolo vengono trattate ed analizzate le fonti di variabilità della vulnerabilità sismica considerando un singolo edificio, mentre nel
quarto si mostra il comportamento di classi di edifici illustrando delle formulazioni semplificate per il calcolo diretto dei principali parametri di capacità sismica. Infine nel quinto ed ultimo capitolo si passa alla valutazione delle curve di fragilità mostrando anche un metodo approssimato funzione dei soli parametri di classe e di geometria globale delle costruzioni.
Muon sites in PbF2 and YF3: decohering environments and the role of anion Frenkel defects
Creators: name: Wilkinson, J. M.
name: Pratt, F. L.
name: Lancaster, T.
name: Baker, P. J.
name: Blundell, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Muons implanted into ionic fluorides often lead to a so-called F-mu-F state, in which the time evolution of the muon spin contains information about the geometry and nature of the muon site. Nuclei more distant from the muon than the two nearest-neighbor fluorine ions result in decoherence of the F-mu-F system and this can yield additional quantitative information about the state of the muon. We demonstrate how this can be applied to the determination of muon sites within the ionic fluorides alpha-PbF2 and YF3 which contain fluoride ions in different crystallographic environments. Our results can be used to distinguish between different crystal phases and reveal the presence of anion Frenkel defects in alpha-PbF2.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Anomalous thermopower and Nernst effect in $\rm CeCoIn_5$: entropy-current loss in precursor state
Creators: name: Onose, Y.
name: Li, Lu
name: Petrovic, C.
name: Ong, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heavy-electron superconductor CeCoIn$_5$ exhibits a puzzling precursor state above its superconducting critical temperature at $T_c$ = 2.3 K. The thermopower and Nernst signal are anomalous. Below 15 K, the entropy current of the electrons undergoes a steep decrease reaching $\sim$0 at $T_c$. Concurrently, the off-diagonal thermoelectric current $α_{xy}$ is enhanced. The delicate sensitivity of the zero-entropy state to field implies phase coherence over large distances. The prominent anomalies in the thermoelectric current contrast with the relatively weak effects in the resistivity and magnetization.
description: 5 figures, 4 pages
title: Social and cultural interactions across the Byzantine-Armenian frontier, c. 900–1045
Creators: name: Nakada, Kosuke
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2020

description: This thesis explores understudied aspects of the interactions between Byzantium and Armenia through the ninth to the eleventh centuries. The period in question was a transformative era for Armenia. As a result of the Byzantine expansion, Armenians encountered differences and commonalities with the Byzantine Empire. Their response was multiple. Some accepted the new regime and culture, and others resisted. This led to the creation of new cultural and intellectual trends in the local societies, as to how they define themselves against others. However, hitherto such local-level interactions have not been adequately studied, because both Armenologists and Byzantinists have tended to focus on higher social strata. The former have employed a nationalistic framework whereas the latter have presupposed top-down rule. To tackle this problem, the present thesis defines Armenia in this period as a contact zone and explores multiple forms of transformation at a local level, produced by interactions among people with different views, interests and ideas. Firstly, Part One demonstrates that the political and diplomatic relationship between Byzantium and Armenia was not limited to the relationship between ‘states’ but involved various local figures. Secondly, Part Two argues, from close reading of Armenian colophons produced in the face of Byzantine expansion, that such local-level interactions facilitated cultural exchanges. It further contends that new cultural elements brought from Byzantium to Armenia were creatively re-used and promoted the development of new cultural trends. Finally, Part Three shows that Armenian identity was fragmented and transformed through such political upheavals and cultural changes. This is mainly studied through the work of Uxtanēs of Sebasteia. These studies enable us to understand Byzantine-Armenian relations in this period in terms of dynamic social and cultural exchanges and reveal active roles played by local figures in the encounters.
Localizable Particles in the Classical Limit of Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Feintzeig, Benjamin H.
name: Librande, Jonah
name: Soiffer, Rory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of arguments purport to show that quantum field theory cannot be given an interpretation in terms of localizable particles. We show, in light of such arguments, that the classical $\hbar\to 0$ limit can aid our understanding of the particle content of quantum field theories. In particular, we demonstrate that for the massive Klein-Gordon field, the classical limits of number operators can be understood to encode local information about particles in the corresponding classical field theory.
Synthesis and reactions of a 2-cyclopenten-1-one d³ synthon
Creators: name: Nadarajah, Sivakumar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis describes the preparation of 3-trimethylstannyl-2-cyclo-penten-1-one 14 via the higher order stannylcuprate 78, a new reagent prepared to convert 3-iodo-2-cyclopenten-1-one 75 to the desired product. The observations made from this chemistry led to the development of "one-pot" cuprate formation which was demonstrated to be a viable and practically convenient way to generate such species compared with traditional methods. This thesis also describes the preparation of 3-tert-butyldimethyl-siloxy-1-trimethylstannylcyclopentene 83, its conversion into the corresponding lithio species, and reaction of the latter reagent with electrophiles. Thus, transmetalation of 83 with methyllithium produced 1—lithio— 3-tert-butyldimethylsiloxycyclopentene 84, which reacted smoothly at -78°C in tetrahydrofuran with alkyI halides, aldehydes, and ketones, providing the corresponding products in good yield. Treatment of the vinyllithium reagent 84 with 1 equiv. of phenylthiocopper or cuprous cyanide at -78° C for 1 h gave solutions of the corresponding cuprate reagents 103 and 104, respectively. Similarly the corresponding Grignard reagent 105 was made by addition of 1 equiv. of magnesium bromide to the solution of 84 at -78°C. The reagents thus produced reacted in a conjugate sense, the latter catalyzed by copper (I) bromide-dimethylsulphide complex, to enones such as 2-cyclopenten-1-one and 2-cyclohexen-l-one, affording the corresponding products 106 and 107 in excellent yields. β-lodo enones such as 3-iodo-2-cyclopenten-1-one 75 and 3-iodo-2-cyclohexen-1-one 7 also reacted with the cuprate 103 in a conjugate sense to give the corresponding products 108 and 109 in excellent yields. The cyanocuprate 104 prepared by a "one-pot" process also reacted with 3-iodo-2-cyclopenten-1-one 75 to give the enone 108 in good yield. [See Thesis For Diagrams]
Effective Action in a General Chiral Model: Next to Leading Order Derivative Expansion in the Worldline Method
Creators: name: Hernandez, Andres
name: Konstandin, Thomas
name: Schmidt, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism to determine the imaginary part of a general chiral model in the derivative expansion. Our formalism is based on the worldline path integral for the covariant current that can be given in an explicit chiral and gauge covariant form. The effective action is then obtained by integrating the covariant current, taking account of the anomaly.
description: 33 pages, minor changes, published version
Disfunzione del compartimento mitocondriale in un modello sperimentale di obesità e insulino-resistenza
Creators: name: Falcone, Italia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: Variazioni della funzionalità del compartimento mitocondriale di organi chiave del metabolismo corporeo quali il muscolo scheletrico ed il fegato innescate dalla somministrazione a lungo termine di diete iperlipidiche, inducono uno stato di obesità e di resistenza all'insulina. Il compartimento mitocondriale sia del muscolo scheletrico (mitocondri subsarcolemmatici) sia del fegato viene danneggiato con la conseguente diminuzione della capacità ossidativa, innescando un decremento dell'ossidazione dei substrati energetici, soprattutto acidi grassi. Si assiste, dunque, al deposito ectopico di triglicerdi in tali organi che è stato visto essere collegato all'insorgenza dell'insulino-resistenza. In più i due organi rispondono differentemente al danno ossidativo in quanto, mentre nel muscolo scheletrico si assiste nei ratti alimentati con la dieta iperlipidica ad una diminuzione di tale danno, nel fegato il livelli di ROS aumentano e tale aumento potrebbe indurre disfunzioni mitocondriali e anche resistenza all'insulina.
Factors Associated with Electronic Cigarette Use among Young Adults: The French “Trajectoires EpidéMiologiques en POpulation” (TEMPO) Cohort Study
Creators: name: Aljandaleh, Hala
name: Bolze, Camille
name: Lesueur, Fabienne El-Khoury
name: Melchior, Maria
name: Mary-Krause, Murielle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are sold in France since 2010 and have rapidly become popular. However, factors associated with e-cigarette use among young adults are not well known. Methods: We used data from the 2015 French TEMPO community based cohort study, restricted to current and former smokers with data on e-cigarette use (n = 368 adults, 23-41 years). Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire including information on family status, educational attainment, occupation and type of work contract, health problems, alcohol and cannabis use, electronic cigarette use, as well as perceptions of e-cigarettes. Use of traditional tobacco was assessed in 2011 and 2015. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results: Among current and former smokers, 26.9% reported lifetime e-cigarettes use and 15.2% current use. Factors associated with lifetime use were: low socioeconomic position (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.2), traditional cigarette use (OR associated with smoking in 2011 and 2015 = 13.1; 95% CI = 5.2-32.6) and positive perceptions of e-cigarettes (OR = 4.4; 95% CI = 2.4-8.1) as well as asthma (OR = 2.1; 95% CI = 0.9-4.9) and overweight/obesity (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 0.9-6.9). Factors associated with current use were traditional cigarette smoking (OR associated with smoking in 2011 and 2015 = 3.9; 95% CI= 1.3-12.2) and positive perceptions of e-cigarettes (OR =4.4; 95% CI = 2.3-8.4). Conclusions: Young adults who use e-cigarettes tend to persist in smoking traditional cigarettes. The conditions under which e-cigarette use can help individuals quit traditional tobacco products remain to be elucidated.
Universal deformation rings and dihedral 2-groups
Creators: name: Bleher, Frauke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C20; 20C15; 16G10

description: Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 2, and let $W$ be the ring of infinite Witt vectors over $k$. Suppose $D$ is a dihedral 2-group. We prove that the universal deformation ring $R(D,V)$ of an endo-trivial $kD$-module $V$ is always isomorphic to $W[\mathbb{Z}/2\times\mathbb{Z}/2]$. As a consequence we obtain a similar result for modules $V$ with stable endomorphism ring $k$ belonging to an arbitrary nilpotent block with defect group $D$. This confirms for such $V$ conjectures on the ring structure of the universal deformation ring of $V$ which had previously been shown for $V$ belonging to cyclic blocks or to blocks with Klein four defect groups.
description: 16 pages, 1 table
De-coupling of Exchange and Persistence Times in Atomistic Models of Glass Formers
Creators: name: Hedges, Lester O.
name: Maibaum, Lutz
name: Chandler, David
name: Garrahan, Juan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With molecular dynamics simulations of a fluid mixture of classical particles interacting with pair-wise additive Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potentials, we consider the time series of particle displacements and thereby determine distributions for local persistence times and local exchange times. These basic characterizations of glassy dynamics are studied over a range of super-cooled conditions and shown to have behaviors, most notably de-coupling, similar to those found in kinetically constrained lattice models of structural glasses. Implications are noted.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Modeling Framing in Immigration Discourse on Social Media
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Julia
name: Budak, Ceren
name: Jurgens, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; J.4; K.4.2

description: The framing of political issues can influence policy and public opinion. Even though the public plays a key role in creating and spreading frames, little is known about how ordinary people on social media frame political issues. By creating a new dataset of immigration-related tweets labeled for multiple framing typologies from political communication theory, we develop supervised models to detect frames. We demonstrate how users' ideology and region impact framing choices, and how a message's framing influences audience responses. We find that the more commonly-used issue-generic frames obscure important ideological and regional patterns that are only revealed by immigration-specific frames. Furthermore, frames oriented towards human interests, culture, and politics are associated with higher user engagement. This large-scale analysis of a complex social and linguistic phenomenon contributes to both NLP and social science research.
description: Accepted at NAACL 2021 (camera-ready), Annotation codebook, data, models, and code available at https://github.com/juliamendelsohn/framing
Thermodynamics and bulk viscosity of approximate black hole duals to finite temperature quantum chromodynamics
Creators: name: Gubser, Steven S.
name: Nellore, Abhinav
name: Pufu, Silviu S.
name: Rocha, Fabio D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider classes of translationally invariant black hole solutions whose equations of state closely resemble that of QCD at zero chemical potential. We use these backgrounds to compute the ratio zeta/s of bulk viscosity to entropy density. For a class of black holes that exhibits a first order transition, we observe a sharp rise in zeta/s near T_c. For constructions that exhibit a smooth cross-over, like QCD does, the rise in zeta/s is more modest. We conjecture that divergences in zeta/s for black hole horizons are related to extrema of the entropy density as a function of temperature.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Charging of a quantum dot coupled to Luttinger liquid leads
Creators: name: Waechter, P.
name: Meden, V.
name: Schoenhammer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luttinger liquid behavior of one-dimensional correlated electron systems is characterized by power-law scaling of a variety of physical observables with exponents determined by a single interaction dependent parameter K. We suggest a setup to study Luttinger liquid behavior in quantum wires which allows to determine K from two independent measurements: resonant transport through a quantum dot embedded in the wire and the charge on the dot. Consistency of the two measured values of K for a single probe would provide strong experimental evidence for the Luttinger liquid paradigm.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures included, version accepted for publication in PRB
Chiral Partners in a Chirally Broken World
Creators: name: Leupold, Stefan
name: Wagner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isovector--vector and the isovector--axial-vector current are related by a chiral transformation. These currents can be called chiral partners at the fundamental level. In a world where chiral symmetry was not broken, the corresponding current-current correlators would show the same spectral information. In the real world chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken. A prominent peak -- the rho-meson -- shows up in the vector spectrum (measured in (e^+ e^-)-collisions and tau-decays). On the other hand, in the axial-vector spectrum a broad bump appears -- the a_1-meson (also accessible in tau-decays). It is tempting to call rho and a_1 chiral partners at the hadronic level. Strong indications are brought forward that these ``chiral partners'' do not only differ in mass but even in their nature: The rho-meson appears dominantly as a quark-antiquark state with small modifications from an attractive pion-pion interaction. The a_1-meson, on the other hand, can be understood as a meson-molecule state mainly formed by the attractive interaction between pion and rho-meson. A key issue here is that the meson-meson interactions are fixed by chiral symmetry breaking. It is demonstrated that one can understand the vector and the axial-vector spectrum very well within this interpretation. It is also shown that the opposite cases, namely rho as a pion-pion molecule or a_1 as a quark-antiquark state lead to less satisfying results. Finally speculations on possible in-medium changes of hadron properties are presented.
description: 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of Meson 2008
A note on the non-trivial elements in the cohomology groups of the Steenrod algebra
Creators: name: Phuc, Dang Vo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55S10, 55S05, 55T15

description: Let $F_2$ be the prime field of two elements and let $GL_s:= GL(s, F_2)$ be the general linear group of rank $s.$ Denote by $\mathscr A$ the Steenrod algebra over $F_2.$ The (mod-2) Lambda algebra, $Λ,$ is one of the tools to describe those mysterious "Ext-groups". In addition, the $s$-th algebraic transfer of William Singer \cite{Singer} is also expected to be a useful tool in the study of them. This transfer is a homomorphism $Tr_s: F_2 \otimes_{GL_s}P_{\mathscr A}(H_{*}(B\mathbb V_s, F_2))\to {\rm Ext}_{\mathscr {A}}^{s,s+*}(F_2, F_2),$ where $\mathbb V_s$ denotes the elementary abelian $2$-group of rank $s$, and $H_*(B\mathbb V_s)$ is the homology group of the classifying space of $\mathbb V_s,$ while $P_{\mathscr A}(H_{*}(B\mathbb V_s, F_2))$ means the primitive part of $H_{*}(B\mathbb V_s, F_2)$ under the action of $\mathscr A.$ It has been shown that $Tr_s$ is highly non-trivial and, more precisely, that $Tr_s$ is an isomorphism for $s\leq 3.$ In addition, Singer proved that $Tr_4$ is an isomorphism in some internal degrees. He was also investigated the image of the fifth transfer by using invariant theory. In this note, we use another method to study the image of $Tr_5.$ More precisely, by direct computations using a representation of $Tr_5$ over the algebra $Λ,$ we show that $Tr_5$ detects the non-zero elements $h_0d_0\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathscr A}^{5, 5+14}(F_2, F_2),\ h_2e_0\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathscr A}^{5, 5+20}(F_2, F_2)$ and $h_1h_4c_0\in {\rm Ext}_{\mathscr A}^{5, 5+24}(F_2, F_2).$ The same argument can be used for homological degrees $s\geq 6$ under certain conditions.
description: 10 pages. This article is to update some references and to correct some minor errors in a paper with the same title published in Advances in Mathematics: Scientific Journal
LEGALITA' COSTITUZIONALE E RAZIONALITA' LEGISLATIVA. CLASS ACTION E FEDERALISMO FISCALE
Creators: name: Paura, Lucia
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: A giudizio dell'Autore l’obiettivo fondante della Costituzione è il consenso sociale, cioè rendere “razionale”, la convivenza di soggetti anche socialmente differenti, garantendo la non conflittualità attraverso un parametro economicamente variabile costituito dalla irrinunziabilità dei “livelli di vita liberi e dignitosi” , minimo comune denominatore di perequazione senza il quale si genererebbe il conflitto e la dissoluzione del sociale. Due sono i giudizi di valore fondanti la nuova ermeneutica che delinea l’equilibrio tra l’ordine costituzionale e le leggi: il primo di legittimità sull’operato del legislatore, cioè il rapporto tra “legalità costituzionale e razionalità legislativa”. Il secondo riguarda l’interpretazione dell’effettività della legge che va filtrata alla luce della solidarietà intersoggettiva (sostenibilità economica e compatibilità giuridica) integrata dal ruolo pubblico-privato della sussidiarietà orizzontale e verticale. L’Autore, dunque, discende nello specifico e proietta l’analisi dei valori costituzionali e dell’effettività legislativa all’interno di due exemplary cases di legislazione-informazione: class action e federalismo fiscale in cui la verifica dei principi di solidarietà intersoggettiva e sussidiarietà, rispettivamente orizzontale e verticale, trovano ragioni di approfondimento in vista del consenso sociale che deve sempre ispirare il legislatore.
J. L. Fordham
Creators: name: Scoy, Isaac Van
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1870
Subjects: East Hampton
Photographs
Cabinet photographs
Portrait photographs
Portraits
Men

description: This image shows a portrait of J. M. Fordham holding a top hat. This photograph is part of a collection of photographs found in the ceiling of 140A Main Street, now 138, in East Hampton in 1970. This collection was donated by Joan Osborne in April 1995.
Statistics of quantum transmission in one dimension with broad disorder
Creators: name: Boose, D.
name: Luck, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistics of quantum transmission through a one-dimensional disordered system modelled by a sequence of independent scattering units. Each unit is characterized by its length and by its action, which is proportional to the logarithm of the transmission probability through this unit. Unit actions and lengths are independent random variables, with a common distribution that is either narrow or broad. This investigation is motivated by results on disordered systems with non-stationary random potentials whose fluctuations grow with distance. In the statistical ensemble at fixed total sample length four phases can be distinguished, according to the values of the indices characterizing the distribution of the unit actions and lengths. The sample action, which is proportional to the logarithm of the conductance across the sample, is found to obey a fluctuating scaling law, and therefore to be non-self-averaging, in three of the four phases. According to the values of the two above mentioned indices, the sample action may typically grow less rapidly than linearly with the sample length (underlocalization), more rapidly than linearly (superlocalization), or linearly but with non-trivial sample-to-sample fluctuations (fluctuating localization).
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, 1 table