cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving labour market access for refugees in Scotland: Key findings and recommendations
Creators: name: Meer, Nasar
name: Peace, Timothy
name: Hill, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: migration, governance, refugees, asylum seekers, migrants, integration

description: Access to the labour market is a key element of displaced migrants’ ‘integration’ experiences. Labour market access provides displaced migrants with financial stability and sustainability, the development of community networks and positive health outcomes. It also provides benefits to local and national economies. Displaced migrants bring new skills-sets, perspectives and experiences to the labour market, and the medium to long-term fiscal impact of refugee labour market access are likely to be positive. In the UK, asylum seekers do not have access to the labour market and so support for displaced migrants focuses on refugees for the duration of their leave to remain. Refugee labour market access is subject to both devolved and reserved governance. Though the Scottish Government does not have power over immigration controls, it has policy control over areas related to labour market training, and to business development. Until recently, support for refugee labour market access in Scotland has focussed on the provision of employability and skills development services. While this remains a vital element of refugee support, it has meant two emerging areas of interest – (1) enterprise and entrepreneurship and (2) employer engagement – remain under-developed. GLIMER Research argues that an overemphasis on refugee employability services neither addresses the full scope of labour market opportunities in Scotland nor the structural barriers to the labour market encountered by refugees. We argue that equivalent focus on policymakers and employers is necessary to address these conditions. We also argue that increased consideration needs to be given to the local labour market conditions in Resettlement areas outside the Central Belt. While valuable lessons can be learned from Resettlement employability successes, a ‘one size fits all approach’ is not appropriate Scotland-wide where there is significant local-level diversity. This policy brief notes that there are likely to be significant changes and challenges to the labour market in Scotland in 2020, and suggests that in this environment improving refugee access to the labour market is critical. This policy brief presents our research findings and makes recommendations for how this can be done.
Possible Effects of Pair Echoes on Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Emission
Creators: name: Murase, Kohta
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Takahashi, Keitaro
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is widely expected but had been sparsely observed until recently when the Fermi satellite was launched. If >TeV gamma rays are produced in GRBs and can escape from the emission region, they are attenuated by the cosmic infrared background photons, leading to regeneration of GeV-TeV secondary photons via inverse-Compton scattering. This secondary emission can last for a longer time than the duration of GRBs, and it is called a pair echo. We investigate how this pair echo emission affects spectra and light curves of high energy afterglows, considering not only prompt emission but also afterglow as the primary emission. Detection of pair echoes is possible as long as the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) in voids is weak. We find (1) that the pair echo from the primary afterglow emission can affect the observed high-energy emission in the afterglow phase after the jet break, and (2) that the pair echo from the primary prompt emission can also be relevant, but only when significant energy is emitted in the TeV range, typically E_{gamma, >0.1 TeV} > (Y/(1+Y)) epsilon_e E_k. Even non-detections of the pair echoes could place interesting constraints on the strength of IGMF. The more favorable targets to detect pair echoes may be the "naked" GRBs without conventional afterglow emission, although energetic naked GRBs would be rare. If the IGMF is weak enough, it is predicted that the GeV emission extends to >30-300 s.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, with extended descriptions
Terrorism and social media. Reactions of the european public after the Charlie hebdo attacks
Creators: name: AYDIN Zeynep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: anthropology
Charlie Hebdo
social media
terrorism

description: Final conference paper of Zeynep Aydin's doctoral project that aims to examine the online reactions of the European public after the Charlie Hebdo attacks on January 7-9, 2015.
Securing Posterity: The Right to Postmortem Grandparenthood and the Problem for Law
Creators: name: Gan-Or, Nofar Yakovi
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this article is to begin conceptualizing the interests and motivations of bereaved parents, or would-be grandparents, who wish to produce a grandchild following the death of an adult son. It argues that two characteristics of this reproductive practice— the experience of loss that precedes it and the familial relationship that lies between its consumers (the would-be grandparents) and its subjects (the deceased sons)—provide the social context in which parents’ personal motivations to pursue postmortem grandparenthood can be understood.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019)
The More Things Change…: Exploring Solutions to Persisting Discrimination in Legal Academia
Creators: name: Hart, Melissa
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: In May 2014, a conversation about gender discrimination among law school faculties exploded on the email listserv for the American Association of Law Schools (“AALS”) Section of Women in Legal Education. This conversation drew in dozens of participants from schools all over the United States and included teachers who were just starting out and those nearing retirement, drawing in clinical faculty, legal writing faculty, library faculty, and podium faculty. The topics that were raised ranged from the discriminatory actions of colleagues and students, to the marginalization of particular subject areas in the curriculum, to structural hierarchies in the profession, to the role of class in exacerbating other inequalities. The conversation went on for several weeks, and many of the participants urged that we needed to harness the feelings of anger and frustration expressed by so many and work together to channel that energy into productive change. As one step, a group of faculty members from all over the country, inspired by a suggestion from Professor Meera Deo of Thomas Jefferson School of Law, banded together to propose a “crosscutting program” at the 2015 meeting of the AALS that would draw from empirical data, legal research, litigation strategy, and personal experience to both further conversations about the persistence of discrimination in the legal academy and activate strategies for addressing continuing problems. The program had a unique structure to permit the inclusion of as many voices as possible in the conversation. The program began with a three-person panel similar to more traditional AALS presentations. The second part of the program was made up of three-minute statements by speakers who were selected in response to a “call for remarks” circulated by the program organizers. The Articles in this symposium issue represent some of the ideas that emerged from this crosscutting program. The Articles are presented here in the order that the speakers offered their remarks at the AALS program.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 31 No. 1 (2016): 2015 Symposium: Persisting Discrimination in the Legal Academy
Decreasing log data of multi-tier services for effective request tracing
Creators: name: Sang, Bo
name: Zhan, Jianfeng
name: Tian, Guanhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous work shows request tracing systems help understand and debug the performance problems of multi-tier services. However, for large-scale data centers, more than hundreds of thousands of service instances provide online service at the same time. Previous work such as white-box or black box tracing systems will produce large amount of log data, which would be correlated into large quantities of causal paths for performance debugging. In this paper, we propose an innovative algorithm to eliminate valueless logs of multitiers services. Our experiment shows our method filters 84% valueless causal paths and is promising to be used in large-scale data centers.
How We Still Fail Rape Victims: Reflecting on Responsibility and Legal Reform
Creators: name: Shen, Francis X.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: Despite over thirty years of rape law reform, rape remains too prevalent, and successful convictions of rapists remain too rare. I argue in this Article that we continue to fail rape victims because we are too quick to give in to our instinct to blame and less willing to engage in the careful reflection that would lead us to see more profoundly our collective responsibility for this failure. The Article proceeds in five sections. In Section I, I review a number of studies and argue that rape reforms to date, while significant, have nonetheless been inadequate. I then discuss the pervasiveness of rape myths about blame, both over time and in the present day. In Section II, I extend my analysis to rape in the tort system. Drawing on a recent empirical analysis of jury verdicts and settlements, as well as interviews with practicing plaintiffs’ attorneys, I argue that unless harm is concrete and visible, we tend to devalue it. In Section III, I turn my attention to policymaking. Based on a series of empirical studies, I discuss the role of the media and legislators in shaping policy response to sex crimes. I argue that the policy response has often been driven by moral panic rather than careful reflection. In Section IV, I evaluate why reform has failed and suggest that the impulse to blame all men or all men in fraternities is overly simplistic. In Section V, I conclude the paper with a reflection on the deeper meanings of rape myths and rape law reform. I argue that to find lasting solutions for the problems of sexual violence we must first look inward. Reflection, leading to collective responsibility and collective action, is the best path to reform.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 22 No. 1 (2011)
Celebrating five years of Australian BioCommons | 2019-2023
Creators: name: Hall, Christina
name: Capon, Patrick
name: Christiansen, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: life sciences
research infrastructure
digital services
bioinformatics

description: This infographic provides a snapshot of the first five years of the Australian BioCommons' efforts to enhance analysis of life science data through national research infrastructure.
In the Name of Fetal Protection: Why American Prosecutors Pursue Pregnant Drug Users (and Other Countries Don’t)
Creators: name: Fentiman, Linda C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: For more than three decades, American prosecutors have been bringing criminal prosecutions against pregnant women based on their use of drugs while pregnant, with charges ranging from child abuse or neglect to murder. Almost all of these women are poor, and the vast majority are also women of color-many with histories of childhood sexual or physical abuse and mental disability. In all but three states-Alabama, Kentucky, and South Carolina-such prosecutions have been declared unconstitutional or the resulting convictions have been overturned. Nonetheless, prosecutions continue to be brought, in what can only be described as a crusade against pregnant women in the name of fetal protection. This Article seeks to answer two questions raised by this crusade. The first question is why-what’s in it for the prosecutors who charge these women, particularly when they know that the prosecution will almost certainly be invalidated? The second question is a more cosmic, macro inquiry-what do these prosecutions tell us about the American criminal justice system when compared to the justice systems of other nations?
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 18 No. 2 (2009)
Dispersed measures of cord blood DNA methylation do not reflect third trimester bisphenol exposure
Creators: name: Lin, Dorothy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Bisphenols are ubiquitously used plasticizers that pose a risk to human health due to their endocrine-disrupting properties, and prenatal exposure to bisphenols may lead to adverse birth and pregnancy outcomes. The epigenetic modification, DNA methylation (DNAm), has been studied as a possible molecular vestige of prenatal bisphenol exposure due to its sensitivity to prenatal chemical exposures and links to long-term health outcomes. Recent studies have identified that loci-specific differential DNAm may associate with prenatal bisphenol exposure; however, no studies to date have explored associations between prenatal bisphenol exposure and composite DNAm-based biomarkers, such as gestational epigenetic age acceleration (GEAA), which refers to the deviation between a DNAm-based prediction of gestational age (GA) and clinically measured GA, that has been proposed to reflect potential developmental impacts. To address this research gap, we conducted sex-stratified robust linear regression analyses between GEAA, and global DNAm proxied through LINE1 and Alu element DNAm, measured from cord blood and prenatal daily intake levels of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) in the longitudinal Barwon Infant Study (BIS) birth cohort (n = 603). No associations between estimated prenatal daily intake levels of BPA, BPS, BPF, nor their weighted sum, measured in third trimester maternal urine, and cord blood GEAA or global DNAm, were detected across sexes. Our results indicate that prenatal bisphenol exposures in the third trimester may not have a discernible impact on two biomarkers derived from dispersed cord blood DNAm — GEAA as a biomarker of fetal development, and repetitive element DNAm as a biomarker of global DNAm, at birth. This study provides clarification on molecular biomarkers that may reflect prenatal bisphenol exposure, and the study characteristics, such as the health of the study cohort and consideration of sex in study design, that may influence the study findings.
Re-Orienting the Sex Discrimination Argument for Gay Rights after Lawrence v. Texas
Creators: name: Williams, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: This claim of sex discrimination in the petitioners’ brief in Lawrence v. Texas,2= a case about criminalized homosexual sodomy, must seem quite out of place to some. Respondents simply belittled its importance in their reply. They chose not to address the extensive argument that the National Organization for Women (NOW) briefed defending sex discrimination. They also did not consider the dissent in the Texas Court below, which similarly relied on a sex discrimination argument. In fact, the sex discrimination argument in Lawrence was far more than a footnote. But the respondents devoted their attention to sexual orientation claims instead. The Supreme Court did, too. Sex discrimination claims for homosexuals have surfaced again in the arena of same-sex marriage challenges. In Massachusetts, the Supreme Judicial Court rejected the treatment of homosexuals as second-class citizens but recognized at least a terminological difficulty! In San Francisco, Mayor Newsom has very clearly relied on a sex equality claim. Only recently, the New York courts have also entered the same-sex marriage debate, with an opinion by Judge Doris Ling-Cohan that affirmed marital rights for same-sex couples without relying on the sex discrimination argument. The legal relationship between sex discrimination and sexual orientation discrimination arguments is currently unclear because the courts have been reluctant to protect homosexuals under any legal theory. As that reluctance passes, however, the need to examine this relationship has become pressing.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 14 No. 1 (2005)
Research Data Management for Energy Systems Research
Creators: name: Nieße, Astrid
name: Ferenz, Stephan
name: Frost, Emilie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The National Research Data Infrastructure Germany (NFDI) aims to systematically assess valuable data from
 science and research, and make them usable sustainably and qualitatively for the entire German science sys-
 tem. With NFDI4Energy as a consortium driven by German energy system researchers heavily involved in ener-
 gy informatics, the first energy consortium in this field has been established in 2023. The keynote will give in-
 sights into the motivation for and main challenges in this area, thus showing which community services
 NFDI4Energy will deliver to the research community including industry and public partners. The talk will link
 these project goals with European activities in research data management and show connections to topics of
 international standardization.
Significance of neutrino cross-sections for astrophysics
Creators: name: Balantekin, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heavens are full of neutrinos, but so far we have observed a small subset of those. Performing such observations and analyzing the data from them require a thorough understanding of neutrino interactions. In this short review, the current theoretical status of neutrino cross sections are briefly summarized and novel aspects of neutrino interactions that arise in cosmic sites are discussed.
description: 5 pages, one figure, Proceedings of NUINT2009 (6th International Workshop on Neutrino-Nucleus Interactions in the Few-GeV Region), May 18-22, 2009, Sitges, Barcelona, Spain
Dissipation-induced coherent structures in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Brazhnyi, Valeriy A.
name: Konotop, Vladimir V.
name: Perez-Garcia, Victor M.
name: Ott, Herwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how to engineer the phase and amplitude of a complex order parameter using localized dissipative perturbations. Our results are applied to generate and control various types of atomic nonlinear matter waves (solitons) by means of localized dissipative defects.
description: 4pages, 7 figures
Supplementary Information: Stabilisation of Antithetic Control via Molecular Buffering from Stabilization of antithetic control via molecular buffering
Creators: name: Hancock, Edward J.
name: Oyarzún, Diego A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60113 Synthetic Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A key goal in synthetic biology is the construction of molecular circuits that robustly adapt to perturbations. Although many natural systems display perfect adaptation, whereby stationary molecular concentrations are insensitive to perturbations, its de novo engineering has proven elusive. The discovery of the antithetic control motif was a significant step toward a universal mechanism for engineering perfect adaptation. Antithetic control provides perfect adaptation in a wide range of systems, but it can lead to oscillatory dynamics due to loss of stability, and moreover, it can lose perfect adaptation in fast growing cultures. Here, we introduce an extended antithetic control motif that resolves these limitations. We show that molecular buffering, a widely conserved mechanism for homeostatic control in nature, stabilizes oscillations and allows for near-perfect adaptation during rapid growth. We study multiple buffering topologies and compare their performance in terms of their stability and adaptation properties. We illustrate the benefits of our proposed strategy in exemplar models for biofuel production and growth rate control in bacterial cultures. Our results provide an improved circuit for robust control of biomolecular systems.
Human Rights, Violence Against Women, and Economic Development (The People’s Republic of China Experience)
Creators: name: Jordan, Ann D.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: Human rights instruments and scholarship addressing the issues of violence against women and economic development fail to recognize that mainstream development projects directly impact upon the increasing levels of violence against women in the developing world. An unstated assumption in these instruments, and in most scholarship, is that economic development is a neutral, even a positive, force for change. Development adherents argue that the Western model of economic development is an a- historical, universal, neutral, and efficacious natural force for improving peoples’ well being and raising standards of living. This view has not gone unchallenged. Tinker, for one, has noted that “‘[p]olicymakers typically define the developmental process in terms of Western rationality and scientific knowledge,’ which are culturally limited and yet have been presented as universally valid.'” Nonetheless, until recently, women and men of almost every political and religious affiliation and every social, ethnic, and national/regional group around the world have touted economic development as a panacea for problems confronted by peoples in the developing world. Its proponents in the developed and developing world (mainly the elites) have forcefully promoted development as a means to pull ‘those backward peoples’ and countries out of their collective and individual misery and into the twentieth century. They cite economic reform as a precondition to the realization of the rewards of Western-style modernization, and democracy. In this way, economic development, modernization, and democracy emerge as an atheistic trinity. According to the trinity theory adherents, economic reform is the key to transforming authoritarian governments in developing countries into free-market, rights-based democracies. Mainstream development models, trinity adherents assure us, inevitably lead to (Western) modernity, which consists of an educated population with a civic consciousness that demands democratic political reforms. The assumptions underlying the theory have yet to be proven. This Article focuses on the economic prong of the trinity and attempts to link economic development to the increasing level of violence against women in the developing world. It also recommends changes to international human rights instruments and international lending practices. Additionally, it calls for research specifically targeted to uncover the process by which international development practices lead to acts of violence against women.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 5 No. 2 (1996)
Block regularization of the Kepler problem on surfaces of revolution with positive constant curvature
Creators: name: Santoprete, Manuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the Kepler problem on surfaces of revolution that are homeomorphic to $S^2$ and have constant Gaussian curvature. We show that the system is maximally superintegrable, finding constants of motion that generalize the Runge-Lentz vector. Then, using such first integrals, we determine the class of surfaces that lead to block-regularizable collision singularities. In particular we show that the singularities are always regularizable if the surfaces are spherical orbifolds of revolution with constant curvature.
Eradicating Women’s Surnames: Law, Tradition, and the Politics of Memory
Creators: name: Anthony, Deborah
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: English surname usage prior to the 17th century was quite variable, bearing little resemblance to the typical practices seen in modern-day England and the United States. Women at one time held individualized surnames reflecting their specific traits, occupations, or family relations; they often retained their names after marriage and passed them on to their husbands, children, and grandchildren. But these diverse surname practices eventually disappeared. The modern gendered practices became so entrenched and political that not only social forces but also legal ones sprang up to enforce them, with justifications referencing a naturally-ordered “tradition” so fundamental and absolute that it merited legal compulsion despite nearly a millennium of common law and empirical evidence to the contrary. The history of women’s surnames was entirely discarded and replaced with an alternate false tradition in the service of cultural and political ends that rooted itself so deeply it still remains one of the most commonly accepted gender-specific practices of modern times.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 1 (2018)
Phase diagrams of the Ising-Heisenberg chain with S=1/2 triangular XXZ clusters
Creators: name: Ohanyan, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one dimensional spin system consisted of triangular $S=1/2$ $XXZ$ Heisenberg clusters alternating with single Ising spins is considered. Partition function of the system is calculated exactly within the transfer--matrix formalism. T=0 ground state phase diagrams, corresponding to different regions of the values of system parameters are obtained.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, Contribution to the proceedings of the XXVII Internatiotal Colloquium "Group Theoretical Methods in Physics" (Group27), Yerevan, 13-19 August 2008
Intersectionality Squared: Intrastate Minimum Wage Preemption & Schuette’s Second-Class Citizens
Creators: name: Johnson, Alexsis M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: Between 2012 and 2017, more than twenty municipalities passed ordinances providing for extended labor protections for their residents like paid sick leave and higher minimum wages. Often these municipalities and their governing bodies have been more liberal and racially diverse than their respective legislatures. In some of the states where municipalities have succeeded in passing this legislation, the state legislature has very quickly preempted those measures with a state law dictating that no city can set a minimum wage higher than the federal standard of $7.25 an hour. These state laws banning cities from raising the working wage constitute intrastate minimum wage preemption. The lawmakers preempting these local reform efforts proffer to justifications for the bills rooted in economics and federalism. However, these preemptive measures raise consequential questions related to the due process of lawmaking and equal protection jurisprudence more generally. This Note applies an intersectional analysis to the ongoing conservative strategy of intrastate minimum wage preemption6 to reveal one example of how such preemptive measures limit progressive change, and especially burden Black women and women of color. Ultimately, this Note identifies two significant phenomena—or “intersections”— that, together, amount to what this Note will call Intersectionality Squared.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 1 (2018)
TRANSFORMING THE LANDSCAPE: OUT-OF-HOME ADVERTISING AND THE 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Creators: name: Nokuthula, Nomusa Dlamini
name: Jabulani, Sipho Molefe
Publisher: name: AMERICAN SERIAL
Year: 2024
Subjects: Advertising
Outdoor advertising
Out-of-Home (OOH) advertising
Historical evolution
Lithography

description: Advertising, driven by the innate human senses, serves the fundamental purposes of informing, persuading, and reminding. Among its various forms, outdoor advertising, or Out-of-Home (OOH) advertising, stands as one of the oldest, with origins tracing back to ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. The evolution of advertising witnessed significant milestones, including Johannes Gutenberg's invention of movable type printing in the 1400s, which paved the way for modern advertising formats like leaflets. Subsequently, the introduction of lithography in 1796 revolutionized printing methods, enabling the emergence of posters and marking a pivotal moment in OOH advertising history. This review explores the historical trajectory of outdoor advertising, highlighting its evolution from ancient origins to modern-day practices, and underscores its enduring significance in the advertising landscape.
On Sasaki-Einstein manifolds in dimension five
Creators: name: Boyer, Charles P.
name: Nakamaye, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53Cf25

description: We prove the existence of Sasaki-Einstein metrics on certain simply connected 5-manifolds where until now existence was unknown. All of these manifolds have non-trivial torsion classes. On several of these we show that there are a countable infinity of deformation classes of Sasaki-Einstein structures.
description: 18 pages, Exposition was expanded and a reference added
Equality in Process: Community Land Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in Kenyan Law
Creators: name: Witchger, Kathryn E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: In 2010, Kenya ratified a Constitution that formalized its traditional dispute resolution mechanisms (“TDRMs”). In 2016, the legislature extended TDRM formalization to community land through the Community Land Act. While these mechanisms give greater voice to communities, they are implemented through local leaders, usually limited to male elders, and do not adequately represent marginalized groups. During a typical land dispute, it is the elders that resolve the matter because they have the respect of the community, and the best memory for the boundaries of the land. They will call a “baraza” or gathering in which community members will have a chance to voice their opinions and furnish relevant evidence before the elders make a decision. In practice, this means that the new laws run the risk of formalizing not only TDRMs, but also unequal participation in these important mechanisms. While this Note focuses on the gendered impact of TDRMs, disparate access to TDRMs has a particular impact on unmarried women, youth, and other marginalized groups. The formalization of TDRMs is important because land is crucial to Kenyans: it is “not merely a factor of production; it is first and foremost, the medium which defines and binds together social and spiritual relations within and across generations.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 1 (2018)
Three cubes in arithmetic progression over quadratic fields
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Jimenez, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B25, 14H52

description: We study the problem of the existence of arithmetic progressions of three cubes over quadratic number fields Q(sqrt(D)), where D is a squarefree integer. For this purpose, we give a characterization in terms of Q(sqrt(D))-rational points on the elliptic curve E:y^2=x^3-27. We compute the torsion subgroup of the Mordell-Weil group of this elliptic curve over Q(sqrt(D)) and we give partial answers to the finiteness of the free part of E(Q(sqrt(D))). This last task will be translated to compute if the rank of the quadratic D-twist of the modular curve X_0(36) is zero or not.
Hierarchical multiscale modeling of the elastic properties of bamboo
Creators: name: Khajouei Nezhad, Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Bamboo, a hierarchically organised material with a distinct cylindrical shape, exhibits anisotropic behaviour due to its unique anatomical structure. Bamboo culm walls are reinforced by vascular bundles densely in the outer region and sparsely in the inner region, resulting in a gradient structure along the radial direction of the culm. This research investigates the elastic behaviour of bamboo at four different scales, namely nanoscale, microscale, mesoscale and macroscale, by combining microstructural investigations, image analysis of bamboo microstructure and finite element modeling (FEM) techniques. The focus is to understand the orthotropic elastic properties at each specific scale. This study utilises representative volume element (RVE) homogenisation to extract nine independent elastic parameters and analyse stress and strain contours, providing valuable insights into the elastic deformation behaviour of bamboo. Moreover, to ensure robust validation, the experimental data are compared with the predicted elastic properties at each scale, aiming to achieve a satisfactory level of agreement. The results reveal that among the different cell wall layers, the broad layer of fiber exhibits the highest homogenised elastic properties due to its lower microfibril angle (MFA) and higher cellulose content. Layer-structured composition of different cell walls within a fiber, parenchyma, and vessel are modeled. Consequently, fiber cells exhibit the highest elastic properties among these three cell types. Anatomical-based homogenisation of vascular bundles at the mesoscale level reveals that increasing the fiber content from 8% to 56% results in 2.6 times increase in longitudinal Young's modulus and 1.7 times increase in transverse Young's modulus. Experimental results at the macroscale level, using a non-contact, in-situ digital image correlation (DIC) system for strain measurements, reveals a high accuracy of 94.7% for estimating the experimental Young’s modulus. Overall, this research contributes to a better understanding of bamboo's elastic behaviour at different scales, offering valuable insights for bamboo structural analyses, material designs, and potential applications.
Closing Remarks
Creators: name: Lopez, Elise
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: Thank you all for coming. If you didn’t catch my name at the beginning, I’m Elise Lopez, the 2016–2017 President of Empowering Women of Color (EWOC). I just want to make a few closing remarks. First of all, I want to give a huge thanks to our panelists. They were phenomenal. I hope you enjoyed them as much as I did. Thank you very much.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2018)
Solubility and thermodynamics of celecoxib in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and (ethanol, 1-propanol) binary solvent mixtures at (293.15 to 313.15) K
Creators: name: Jouyban, Abolghasem
name: Sheikhi-Sovari, Atefeh
name: Barzegar-Jalali, Mohammad
name: Seyfinejad, Behrouz
name: Martinez, Fleming
name: Zhao, Hongkun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: This study presents solubility determination and the thermodynamic analysis of celecoxib (CXB) in two kinds of solvent mixtures of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) + ethanol and NMP + 1-propanol at various temperatures (293.15–313.15 K). The density of CXB-free mixtures of NMP + 1-propanol at various temperatures was also measured since the data was not available from the literature. In both systems, the solubility raised with temperature and increased with increasing the amount of NMP in the blends. Measured solubility data were fitted using four mathematical cosolvency models. The resulting MRD% values for all examined models were less than 6.0. The measured densities of the CXB saturated solutions were calculated using an adopted version of Jouyban-Acree model. Further, predictive versions of the model which were trained using the density of drug-free mixed solvents were also used to predict the density of CXB saturated solutions with an overall MRD% of 1.3.
Residual noise covariance for Planck low-resolution data analysis
Creators: name: Keskitalo, R.
name: Ashdown, M. A. J.
name: Cabella, P.
name: Kisner, T.
name: Poutanen, T.
name: Stompor, R.
name: Bartlett, J. G.
name: Borrill, J.
name: Cantalupo, C.
name: de Gasperis, G.
name: de Rosa, A.
name: de Troia, G.
name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Finelli, F.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Gruppuso, A.
name: Hivon, E.
name: Jaffe, A.
name: Keihanen, E.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Lawrence, C. R.
name: Natoli, P.
name: Paci, F.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Rocha, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: Develop and validate tools to estimate residual noise covariance in Planck frequency maps. Quantify signal error effects and compare different techniques to produce low-resolution maps. Methods: We derive analytical estimates of covariance of the residual noise contained in low-resolution maps produced using a number of map-making approaches. We test these analytical predictions using Monte Carlo simulations and their impact on angular power spectrum estimation. We use simulations to quantify the level of signal errors incurred in different resolution downgrading schemes considered in this work. Results: We find an excellent agreement between the optimal residual noise covariance matrices and Monte Carlo noise maps. For destriping map-makers, the extent of agreement is dictated by the knee frequency of the correlated noise component and the chosen baseline offset length. The significance of signal striping is shown to be insignificant when properly dealt with. In map resolution downgrading, we find that a carefully selected window function is required to reduce aliasing to the sub-percent level at multipoles, ell > 2Nside, where Nside is the HEALPix resolution parameter. We show that sufficient characterization of the residual noise is unavoidable if one is to draw reliable contraints on large scale anisotropy. Conclusions: We have described how to compute the low-resolution maps, with a controlled sky signal level, and a reliable estimate of covariance of the residual noise. We have also presented a method to smooth the residual noise covariance matrices to describe the noise correlations in smoothed, bandwidth limited maps.
description: 33 pages, 27 figures, submitted to Astron. Astrophys
Advocacy in Ideas: Legal Education and Social Movements
Creators: name: Bell, Monica
name: Hernández, Tanya K.
name: Maldonado, Solangel
name: Perkins, Rachelle
name: Thomas, Chantal
name: Johnson, Olantude
name: Lopez, Elise
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: Panel moderated by Professor Olatunde Johnson, featuring Professors Monica Bell, Tanya K. Hernández, Solangel Maldonado, and Chantal Thomas. Introduced by Elise Lopez.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2018)
Document Relevance Evaluation via Term Distribution Analysis Using Fourier Series Expansion
Creators: name: Galeas, Patricio
name: Kretschmer, Ralph
name: Freisleben, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.3

description: In addition to the frequency of terms in a document collection, the distribution of terms plays an important role in determining the relevance of documents for a given search query. In this paper, term distribution analysis using Fourier series expansion as a novel approach for calculating an abstract representation of term positions in a document corpus is introduced. Based on this approach, two methods for improving the evaluation of document relevance are proposed: (a) a function-based ranking optimization representing a user defined document region, and (b) a query expansion technique based on overlapping the term distributions in the top-ranked documents. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in providing new possibilities for optimizing the retrieval process.
description: 9 pages, submitted to proceedings of JCDL-2009
Women of Color and Health: Issues and Solutions
Creators: name: Cross, June
name: Weeks, Nia
name: Underhill, Kristen
name: Bootstaylor, Chloe
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: Discussion moderated by Professor Kristen Underhill, featuring Professor June Cross and Nia Weeks. Introduced by Chloe Bootstaylor.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2018)
Quantum transfer matrix method for one-dimensional disordered electronic systems
Creators: name: Yang, Li-Ping
name: Wang, Yong-Jun
name: Xu, Wen-Hu
name: Qin, Ming-Pu
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a novel quantum transfer matrix method to study thermodynamic properties of one-dimensional (1D) disordered electronic systems. It is shown that the partition function can be expressed as a product of $2\times2$ local transfer matrices. We demonstrate this method by applying it to the 1D disordered Anderson model. Thermodynamic quantities of this model are calculated and discussed.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
MPEC 2023-J180 : 2023 JV2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 JV2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Advocacy in Practice: Women of Color and Our Allies
Creators: name: Brown, Paulette
name: Gomez, Madeline
name: Lee, Jin Hee
name: Mathai, Amreeta
name: Bootstaylor, Chloe
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: Panel moderated by Amreeta Mathai, featuring Paulette Brown, Madeline Gomez, and Jin Hee Lee. Introduced by Chloe Bootstaylor.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2018)
Unraveling FIFA’s ambiguous nature : navigating accountability in international sport through a human rights framework
Creators: name: Calvié, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This study examines the complex issue of accountability in the context of the Fédération Internationale de Football Associations (FIFA), a global entity with a dual identity as both a non-profit organization (NPO) and a transnational corporation (TNC). The research focuses on FIFA's involvement in human rights malpractices and the challenges posed by its ambiguous nature to existing accountability mechanisms. The study investigates the interplay between FIFA's non-profit and for-profit aspects and their implications for holding the organization accountable for human rights violations. By analyzing case records collected by the Center for Sport and Human Rights and involving FIFA's human rights violations, this study utilizes a qualitative content analysis to demonstrate how FIFA presents itself as either an NPO or a TNC in different contexts. While FIFA's adoption of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) and the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises signals progress in integrating human rights, the organization's dual nature complicates efforts to enforce accountability. This research underscores the need for tailored accountability mechanisms that address the unique challenges posed by non-state sporting actors (NSSAs) like FIFA, emphasizing the importance of defining clear criteria and adaptable approaches to ensure consistent human rights protection. The study contributes to discussions on the governance of international sports organizations and the development of effective accountability measures in the realm of human rights and global sports governance.
From Twistor String Theory To Recursion Relations
Creators: name: Spradlin, Marcus
name: Volovich, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Witten's twistor string theory gives rise to an enigmatic formula [arXiv:hep-th/0403190] known as the "connected prescription" for tree-level Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes. We derive a link representation for the connected prescription by Fourier transforming it to mixed coordinates in terms of both twistor and dual twistor variables. We show that it can be related to other representations of amplitudes by applying the global residue theorem to deform the contour of integration. For six and seven particles we demonstrate explicitly that certain contour deformations rewrite the connected prescription as the BCFW representation, thereby establishing a concrete link between Witten's twistor string theory and the dual formulation for the S-matrix of N=4 SYM recently proposed by Arkani-Hamed et. al. Other choices of integration contour also give rise to "intermediate prescriptions". We expect a similar though more intricate structure for more general amplitudes.
description: 1+11 pages
Introduction and Keynote
Creators: name: Abdus-Salaam, Sheila
name: Lopez, Elise
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2018

description: Introductory remarks by EWOC 2016-2017 President Elise Lopez. Conference keynote speech by Judge Sheila Abdus-Salaam.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 36 No. 1 (2018)
Analytical Blowup Solutions to the 2-dimensional Isothermal Euler-Poisson Equations of Gaseous Stars II
Creators: name: Yuen, Manwai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article is the continued version of the analytical blowup solutions for 2-dimensional Euler-Poisson equations \cite{Y1}. With extension of the blowup solutions with radial symmetry for the isothermal Euler-Poisson equations in $R^{2}$, other special blowup solutions in $R^{2}$ with non-radial symmetry are constructed by the separation method. We notice that the results are the first evolutionary solutions with non-radial symmetry for the system. Key words: Analytical Solutions, Euler-Poisson Equations, Isothermal, Blowup, Non-radial Symmetry, Line Source or Sink
description: 9 pages, the phyical signicance of the solution is added