cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Status of the Mu3e Experiment at PSI
Creators: name: Perrevoort, Ann-Kathrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mu3e experiment aims to search for the lepton-flavour violating decay $μ^+\rightarrow\ \text{e}^+ \text{e}^+ \text{e}^-$ with a sensitivity to one signal decay in $10^{16}$ muon decays at a muon stopping rate of $2\times 10^9 \fracμ{\text{s}}$. With currently available rates of $10^8 \fracμ{\text{s}}$, a sensitivity on the branching ratio of $10^{-15}$ is the aim of the first phase. This will allow for tests of new physics models with enhanced branching ratios for lepton-flavour violating processes with an unprecedented precision. The experiment must be operated at very high muon rates all the while suppressing the background of the decay $μ^+\rightarrow\ \text{e}^+ \text{e}^- \text{e}^+ \overlineν_μν_\text{e}$ and accidental electron-positron combinations. Therefore, a tracking detector made of thin pixel sensors with additional scintillating fibres and tiles for precise time measurement will be built. The development of the subdetectors is ongoing while detector construction is still in preparation.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, invited talk given at the FCCP 2015 workshop
The Complexities of Home Cooking: Public Feasts and Private Meals Inside the Çatalhöyük House
Creators: name: Twiss, Katheryn
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Near Eastern Archaeology
subject: Feasting
subject: Domestic Meals
subject: Households
subject: Communality
subject: Çatalhöyük
subject: Neolithic
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Feasting is a generally a ritualized activity, and faunal and artistic evidence from Neolithic Çatalhöyük in central Anatolia support the symbolic importance and memorialization of feast animals. Such memorialization is placed within private homes, in the same general household context as quotidian consumption and food stores. Both daily meals and feasting were thus constant presences within the household, suggesting that both were key components of household identity. However, the two phenomena were kept largely spatially segregated within the household. Feasting memorabilia were strategically placed to advertise particular identities to others, perhaps as claims of power or prestige. In contrast, quotidian food stores were not advertised, but kept concealed in visually inaccessible private storerooms, suggesting that domestic goods were deliberately kept from interhousehold comparison or competition. The Çatalhöyük evidence thus suggests that in the Central Anatolian Neolithic, daily meals and ritualized feasting played different—but both fundamental, and arguably complementary—roles in specifically household identities. Both also take the broader community into account in terms of their household uses and placements, but in opposite ways.
Master equation solutions in the linear regime of characteristic formulation of general relativity
Creators: name: M., C. E. Cedeño
name: de Araujo, J. C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the field equations in the linear regime of the characteristic formulation of general relativity, Bishop, for a Schwarzschild's background, and Mädler, for a Minkowski's background, were able to show that it is possible to derive a fourth order ordinary differential equation, called master equation, for the $J$ metric variable of the Bondi-Sachs metric. Once $β$, another Bondi-Sachs potential, is obtained from the field equations, and $J$ is obtained from the master equation, the other metric variables are solved integrating directly the rest of the field equations. In the past, the master equation was solved for the first multipolar terms, for both the Minkowski's and Schwarzschild's backgrounds. Also, Mädler recently reported a generalisation of the exact solutions to the linearised field equations when a Minkowski's background is considered, expressing the master equation family of solutions for the vacuum in terms of Bessel's functions of the first and the second kind. Here, we report new solutions to the master equation for any multipolar moment $l$, with and without matter sources in terms only of the first kind Bessel's functions for the Minkowski, and in terms of the Confluent Heun's functions (Generalised Hypergeometric) for radiative (nonradiative) case in the Schwarzschild's background. We particularize our families of solutions for the known cases for $l=2$ reported previously in the literature and find complete agreement, showing the robustness of our results.
description: 19 pages
Commensality and Labor in Terminal Ubaid Northern Mesopotamia
Creators: name: Kennedy, Jason
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Near Eastern Archaeology
subject: Ubaid Period
subject: Organization of Labor
subject: Work Feasts
subject: Food Production
subject: Ceramic Use-alteration
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: Recent anthropological research on commensality has emphasized how food consumption creates and mediates social relations and social identities. The goal of this paper is to integrate the often neglected study of production and labor into studies of commensality. I will explore the commensal relationships formed by the consumption of food during cooperative communal work events through a discussion of the Terminal Ubaid levels from three sites in northern Mesopotamia. I have suggested that flint-scraped bowls were used to provide for extra-household labor recruited during times of labor shortage by households of similar social standing, while painted ceramics were used for daily food consumption. In this scenario flint-scraped bowls were used in different social contexts by people of similar social standing.
High Speed and High Resolution Table-Top Nanoscale Imaging
Creators: name: Tadesse, G. K.
name: Klas, R.
name: Demmler, S.
name: HÄdrich, S.
name: Wahyutama, I.
name: Steinert, M.
name: Spielmann, C.
name: ZÜrch, M.
name: TÜnnermann, A.
name: Limpert, J.
name: Rothhardt, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a table-top coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) experiment based on high-order harmonics generated at 18 nm by a high average power femtosecond fiber laser system. The high photon flux, narrow spectral bandwidth and high degree of spatial coherence allow for ultra-high sub-wavelength resolution imaging at a high numerical aperture. Our experiments demonstrate a half-pitch resolution of 13.6 nm, very close to the actual Abbe-limit of 12.4 nm, which is the highest resolution achieved from any table-top XUV or X-ray microscope. In addition, 20.5 nm resolution was achieved with only 3 sec of integration time bringing live diffraction imaging and 3D tomography on the nanoscale one step closer to reality. The current resolution is solely limited by the wavelength and the detector size. Thus, table-top nanoscopes with only a few-nm resolutions are in reach and will find applications in many areas of science and technology.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Eating at Home and "Dining" Out? Commensalities in the Neolithic and Late Chalcolithic in the Near East
Creators: name: Balossi Restelli, Francesca
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Near Eastern Archaeology
subject: Commensality
subject: Near East
subject: Neolithic
subject: Chalcolithic
subject: Consumption Vessels
subject: Status
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie

description: This paper attempts to draw a picture of different kinds of commensalities in the Near Eastern Pottery Neolithic (7th millennium BC) through an analysis of consumption vessels. The case study will be the Syrian and Turkish regions of the Northern Levant. I shall underline the strong symbolic function of vessels in distinguishing commensal events and argue that the basic role of commensality remains largely unmodified until the end of the Ubaid period (2nd half of 5th millennium BC). The beginning of the Late Chalcolithic then marks a major change. At this point, the development of different types of commensalities leads to a decrease in the role of pottery as symbolic marker of commensal events.
On the structure of the two-stream instability -- complex G-Hamiltonian structure and Krein collisions between positive- and negative-action modes
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruili
name: Qin, Hong
name: Davidson, Ronald C.
name: Liu, Jian
name: Xiao, Jianyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34A30, 34D20, 37F15, 37J25, 76E20

description: The two-stream instability is probably the most important elementary example of collective instabilities in plasma physics and beam-plasma systems. For a warm plasma with two charged particle species based on a 1D warm-fluid model, the instability diagram of the two-stream instability exhibits an interesting band structure that has not been explained. We show that the band structure for this instability is the consequence of the Hamiltonian nature of the warm two-fluid system. Interestingly, the Hamiltonian nature manifests as a complex G-Hamiltonian structure in wave-number space, which directly determines the instability diagram. Specifically, it is shown that the boundaries between the stable and unstable regions are locations for Krein collisions between eigenmodes with different Krein signatures. In terms of physics, this rigorously implies that the system is destabilized when a positive-action mode resonates with a negative-action mode, and that this is the only mechanism by which the system can be destabilized. It is anticipated that this physical mechanism of destabilization is valid for other collective instabilities in conservative systems in plasma physics, accelerator physics, and fluid dynamics systems, which admit infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian structures.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Oersted field and spin current effects on magnetic domains in [Co/Pd]15 nanowires
Creators: name: Ho, Pin
name: Zhang, Jinshuo
name: Bono, David C.
name: Chen, Jingsheng
name: Ross, Caroline A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An out-of-plane Oersted field produced from a current-carrying Au wire is used to induce local domain formation in wires made from [Co/Pd]15 multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy. A 100 ns pulsed current of 56-110 mA injected into the Au wire created a reverse domain size of 120-290 nm in a Co/Pd nanowire on one side of the Au wire. A Biot-Savart model was used to estimate the position dependence of the Oersted field around the Au wire. The shape, size and location of the reversed region of Co/Pd was consistent with the magnitude of the Oersted field and the switching field distribution of the unpatterned film. A current density of 6.2 x 10^11 A m-2 in the Co/Pd nanowire did not translate the domain walls due to low spin transfer efficiency, but the Joule heating promoted domain growth in a field below the coercive field.
Detecting edges in the X-ray surface brightness of galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Russell, H. R.
name: Walker, S. A.
name: Blundell, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of many physical processes in the intracluster medium of galaxy clusters imprint themselves in X-ray surface brightness images. It is therefore important to choose optimal methods for extracting information from and enhancing the interpretability of such images. We describe in detail a gradient filtering edge detection method that we previously applied to images of the Centaurus cluster of galaxies. The Gaussian gradient filter measures the gradient in the surface brightness distribution on particular spatial scales. We apply this filter on different scales to Chandra X-ray observatory images of two clusters with AGN feedback, the Perseus cluster and M87, and a merging system, A3667. By combining filtered images on different scales using radial filters spectacular images of the edges in a cluster are produced. We describe how to assess the significance of features in filtered images. We find the gradient filtering technique to have significant advantages for detecting many kinds of features compared to other analysis techniques, such as unsharp-masking. Filtering cluster images in this way in a hard energy band allows shocks to be detected.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures, accepted by MNRAS
The Impact of a Short Body–Focused Meditation on Body Ownership and Interoceptive Abilities
Creators: name: Schroter, Franziska Anna
name: Siebertz, Markus
name: Jansen, Petra
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rubber hand illusion · Interoception · Heartbeat detection · Meditation
subject: 796 Sport

description: Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a brief body-focused meditation on body ownership, while considering interoceptive abilities, dissociative experiences, mood, trait mindfulness, and meditation experience. Method The sample consisted of 111 healthy students who participated in a randomized controlled trial and either listened to a 20-min meditation or audio-book reading. Before and after the intervention, the rubber hand illusion and a heartbeat detection task were completed. The rubber hand illusion consisted of a synchronous and an asynchronous condition and the illusion intensity was measured using a questionnaire and by assessing the proprioceptive drift. In the heartbeat detection task, participants were instructed to count their heartbeats, so interoceptive accuracy of their counting, confidence in their own abilities (interoceptive sensibility), and the correspondence between both measures (interoceptive awareness) could be determined. Results The intervention type had no effect on mood and interoceptive abilities. Independent of intervention type, valence increased, arousal decreased, and interoceptive accuracy and interoceptive sensibility improved over time. Additionally, trait mindfulness and interoceptive accuracy were negatively related to the subjective rubber hand illusion intensity. There was not a mere effect of the intervention on the rubber hand illusion, but an interaction of synchrony, time, group, and interoceptive awareness was found for both measures, showing that only participants with high interoceptive awareness experienced a weaker illusion following the meditation. Conclusions We concluded that meta-awareness of interoceptive abilities may help protecting oneself against manipulations of the body boundaries.
Operation Design of PV System with Storage Battery in Consideration of Weather Forecast Information
Creators: name: Shimoo, T.
name: Sato, K.
name: Wakao, S.
name: Miyamoto, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and High Penetration of Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Integration

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4859-4865
description: In the days ahead, PV systems will become widespread. In this paper, we assume concentrative
introduction of PV systems with storage battery in housing area and apply multi-objective optimization to design the
systems that fulfill diverse demands from various sectors including electrical power company and utility customers.
Furthermore, we propose to appropriately select the operation mode of the battery system in accordance with the
weather forecast. First, in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we carry out the simulation of
the clustered PV systems, in which the residential load and PV output are based on the measured data of
Demonstrative research on clustered PV systems by NEDO. Next, we analyze the optimization results by means of
Bubble chart to reveal the effectiveness of battery operation with weather forecast.
Linear scaling approach for atomistic calculation of excitonic properties of 10-million-atom nanostructures
Creators: name: Różański, Piotr T.
name: Zieliński, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical calculations of excitonic properties of novel nanostructures, such as nanowire and crystal phase quantum dots, must combine atomistic accuracy with an approachable computational complexity. The key difficulty comes from the fact that excitonic spectra details arise from atomicscale contributions that must be integrated over a large spatial domain containing a million and more of atoms. In this work we present a step-by-step solution to this problem: combined empirical tight-binding and configuration interaction scheme that unites linearly scaling computational time with the essentials of the atomistic modeling. We benchmark our method on the example of wellstudied self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dot. Next, we apply our atomistic approach to crystal phase quantum dots containing more than 10 million atoms.
Some extensions to the functional analytic approach to Colombeau algebra
Creators: name: Nigsch, Eduard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46F30

description: We extend the functional analytic approach to Colombeau-type spaces of nonlinear generalized functions in order to study algebras of tempered generalized functions. We obtain a definition of Fourier transform of nonlinear generalized functions which has a strict inversion theorem, agrees with the classical Fourier transform for tempered distributions and preserves well-known classical properties.
description: 11 pages
Self-Consumption of PV Electricity with Active Demand Side Management: The GeDELOS-PV System
Creators: name: Castillo-Cagigal, M.
name: Caamaño-Martín, E.
name: Gutiérrez, A.
name: Masa-Bote, D.
name: Monasterio-Huelin, F.
name: Porro, J.
name: Matallanas, E.
name: Jiménez-Leube, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: PV Systems
Smart Grids, Intelligent Metering, and Related Issues

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4866-4870
description: An Active Demand Side Management system that combines new PV hybrid technology with Demand
Side Management strategies has been presented: the “GeDELOS-PV” system. In this study the system has been
programmed to maximise the amount of PV electricity used on-site (self-consumption), either directly or indirectly
through battery storage. Simulations have been done of the Self-consumption achieved for different storage sizes,
and experimental measurements have been also carried out in a prototype of self-sufficient solar house, with only
storage and with storage and Demand Side Management Strategies. The results demonstrated that the combination of
small-scale storage with Demand Side Management significantly improves the local use of PV, thus increasing the
PV value for the user. This combination will play an important role in the future smart grids.
Need Polynomial Systems be Doubly-exponential?
Creators: name: Davenport, James H.
name: England, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.1.2
subject: 68W30, 13P10, 03C10

description: Polynomial Systems, or at least their algorithms, have the reputation of being doubly-exponential in the number of variables [Mayr and Mayer, 1982], [Davenport and Heintz, 1988]. Nevertheless, the Bezout bound tells us that that number of zeros of a zero-dimensional system is singly-exponential in the number of variables. How should this contradiction be reconciled? We first note that [Mayr and Ritscher, 2013] shows that the doubly exponential nature of Gröbner bases is with respect to the dimension of the ideal, not the number of variables. This inspires us to consider what can be done for Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition which produces a doubly-exponential number of polynomials of doubly-exponential degree. We review work from ISSAC 2015 which showed the number of polynomials could be restricted to doubly-exponential in the (complex) dimension using McCallum's theory of reduced projection in the presence of equational constraints. We then discuss preliminary results showing the same for the degree of those polynomials. The results are under primitivity assumptions whose importance we illustrate.
description: Extended Abstract for ICMS 2016 Presentation. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1605.02494
A nonautonomous chain rule in $W^{1,p}$ and $BV$
Creators: name: Ambrosio, Luigi
name: Crasta, Graziano
name: De Cicco, Virginia
name: De Philippis, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26B30, 49Q15

description: In this paper we consider the chain rule formula for compositions $x\mapsto F(x, u(x))$ in the case when $u$ has a Sobolev or BV regularity and $F(x,z)$ is separately Sobolev, or BV, with respect to $x$ and $C^1$ with respect to $z$. Our results extend to this "nonautonomous" case the results known for compositions $x\mapsto F(u(x))$.
description: 19 pages
Linear response theory for electron-hole pair kinetics: exciton formation
Creators: name: Ono, Shota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A linear response theory for electron-hole pair density is developed, which constitutes a new theoretical method, and a definition of exciton density in a first-principles context is derived by considering both the electron-hole attractive interaction and the screening effect. This allows the exciton time evolution to be examined. This formulation is applied to a jellium model in order to prove the existence of a transient exciton, and to observe crossover from a transient to a stable exciton in response to decreased electron density. The exciton formation mechanism is also revealed.
A Novel Thin-Film Poly-Si Solar Cells Formed on a Glass Substrate by Flash Lamp Annealing of p-i-n Amorphous Silicon Films Prepared by Catalytic CVD
Creators: name: Ohdaira, K.
name: Endo, Y.
name: Fujiwara, T.
name: Shiba, K.
name: Takemoto, H.
name: Koyama, K.
name: Nishizaki, S.
name: Jang, Y.R.
name: Nishioka, K.
name: Matsumura, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2042-2044
description: The p-i-n poly-Si solar cells formed by flash lamp annealing (FLA) of p-i-n stacked a-Si films have
been extensively investigated. Laser-beam induced current (LBIC) mapping shows no clear evidence of the
existence of inactive regions in the 2 × 2 mm2-sized mesa structure. We observed localization of the surface p+-poly-
Si layer, in the Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KFM) image, caused by spontaneous roughness formation on the
poly-Si surface during crystallization. We attempt fabrication of the prototype heterojunction solar cells consisting
of i-/n+-poly-Si films formed by FLA and p+-/i-a-Si films deposited after crystallization, aiming at the improvement
of surface coverage with the doping layer. Significant improvement in the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and saturation
current density (J0) is confirmed in the heterojunction cell compared to the previous p-i-n poly-Si cell.
Keywords: Crystallization, Rapid Thermal Processing, Silicon
KOH/Surfactant as an Alternative to KOH/IPA for Texturisation of Monocrystalline Silicon
Creators: name: Wefringhaus, E.
name: Helfricht, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1860-1862
description: This work reports on the development of KOH/surfactant as an alternative to the conventional
KOH/IPA solution for surface texture of monocrystalline silicon wafers. Replacement of IPA by surfactants of very
low concentration below 0.01% allows much higher process temperatures close to the boiling point (~98°C) of the
bath. Mean reflexions of less than 12% in the wavelength range of 400 to 1100 nm are achieved. High etch-rates
reduce the process time to 10 minutes, allowing the texturing process economically attractive.
Elliptic pfaffians and solvable lattice models
Creators: name: Rosengren, Hjalmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B23, 15A15, 33E05

description: We introduce and study twelve multivariable theta functions defined by pfaffians with elliptic function entries. We show that, when the crossing parameter is a cubic root of unity, the domain wall partition function for the eight-vertex-solid-on-solid model can be written as a sum of two of these pfaffians. As a limit case, we express the domain wall partition function for the three-colour model as a sum of two Hankel determinants. We also show that certain solutions of the TQ-equation for the supersymmetric eight-vertex model can be expressed in terms of elliptic pfaffians.
description: 34 pages
Milnor Fibre Homology via Deformation
Creators: name: Siersma, Dirk
name: Tibar, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32S30, 58K60, 55R55, 32S25

description: In case of one-dimensional singular locus, we use deformations in order to get refined information about the Betti numbers of the Milnor fibre.
description: 14 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1411.2640
MAXI observations of long-term variations of Cygnus X-1 in the low/hard and the high/soft states
Creators: name: Sugimoto, Juri
name: Mihara, Tatehiro
name: Kitamoto, Shunji
name: Matsuoka, Masaru
name: Sugizaki, Mutsumi
name: Negoro, Hitoshi
name: Nakahira, Satoshi
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-term X-ray variability of the black hole binary, Cygnus X-1, was studied with five years of MAXI data from 2009 to 2014, which include substantial periods of the high/soft state, as well as the low/hard state. In each state, Normalized Power Spectrum densities (NPSDs) were calculated in three energy bands of 2-4 keV, 4-10 keV and 10-20 keV. The NPSDs in a frequency from 1e-7 Hz to 1e-4 Hz are all approximated by a power-law function with an index -1.35 ~ -1.29. The fractional RMS variation ($η$), calculated in the above frequency range, was found to show the following three properties; (1) $η$ slightly decreases with energy in the low/hard state; (2) $η$ increases towards higher energies in the high/soft state; and (3) in the 10-20 keV band, $η$ is 3 times higher in the high/soft state than in the low/hard state. These properties were confirmed through studies of intensity-correlated changes of the MAXI spectra. Of these three findings, the first one is consistent with that seen in the short-term variability during the LHS. The latter two can be understood as a result of high variability of the hard-tail component seen in the high/soft state with the above very low frequency range, although the origin of the variability remains inconclusive.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Weymouth, Alfred J.
name: Roche, Emily
name: Giessibl, Franz J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: AFM; copper phthalocyanine; dI/dV; PTCDA; STM
subject: 530 Physik

description: When perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is deposited on the Ag(111) surface at submonolayer coverage, it forms islands under which the native Shockley state of the Ag(111) surface can no longer be found. Previous work has shown that this state shifts upwards to form a new interface state starting at 0.6 V above the Fermi level, having properties of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We investigated mixed islands of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) to study the change in the electronic state with the addition of an electron donor. We no longer observe a 2DEG state and instead identify states at 0.46 and 0.79 V. While one state appears in dI/dV images as an array of one-dimensional quantum wells, our analysis shows that this state does not act as a free electron gas and that the features are instead localized above individual PTCDA molecules.
Thin Film Deposition System Optimization Using Flux Profile Modeling
Creators: name: Patrin, J.
name: Bresnahan, R.
name: Miller, D.L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
CIS, CdTe and Other (II-VI) Ternary Thin Film Cells

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2607-2609
description: Recently there has been considerable activity scaling thin film photovoltaics from R&D to high volume
manufacturing because of their low cost potential. For CIGS, the manufacturing challenges focus on optimizing the
deposition for high material utilization, low thickness nonuniformity and decreased system footprint. In this contribution
we report on a deposition modeling and optimization method that evaluates parameters such as number of sources,
individual flux rates, source-to-substrate distance, source angle, source separation and deposition area in order to
quantify the impact of these variables and their dependency on one another. We have used this process for a variety of
deposition configurations including sources for copper, indium, gallium and an array of nozzles for selenium valved
linear sources. The modeling process provides a fast, cost effective and low risk means of determining the optimal system
design given the process and hardware constraints. This method is applicable for substrate sizes beyond 1m and we will
present results for substrate sizes ranging from 300mm to 1200mm for copper, indium, and gallium point sources and
valved linear sources illustrating that material utilization of upto 60% can be obtained for thickness nonuniformities
The Effects of Mobility on the Hit Performance of Cached D2D Networks
Creators: name: Jarray, Chedia
name: Giovanidis, Anastasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A device-to-device (D2D) wireless network is considered, where user devices also have the ability to cache content. In such networks, users are mobile and communication links can be spontaneously activated and dropped depending on the users' relative position. Receivers request files from transmitters, these files having a certain popularity and file-size distribution. In this work a new performance metric is introduced, namely the Service Success Probability, which captures the specificities of D2D networks. For the Poisson Point Process case for node distribution and the SNR coverage model, explicit expressions are derived. Simulations support the analytical results and explain the influence of mobility and file-size distribution on the system performance, while providing intuition on how to appropriately cache content on mobile storage space. Of particular interest is the investigation on how different file-size distributions (Exponential, Uniform, or Heavy-Tailed) influence the performance.
description: 9 pages, double column, 4 figures, 5 sub-figures in total, in 14th WIOPT-SPASWIN, Arizona, USA (2016)
Photon-activated electron hopping in a single-electron trap enhanced by Josephson radiation
Creators: name: Lotkhov, Servey V.
name: Jalali-Jafari, Behdad
name: Zorin, Alexander B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Josephson junction interferometer (DC SQUID) as a microwave source for irradiating a single-electron trap, both devices fabricated on the same chip, we study the process of photon-assisted tunneling as an effective mechanism of single photon detection. High sensitivity down to a very small oscillation amplitude $v_{\rm J} \sim$ 10 nV$\ll E_{\rm act} \lesssim hf_{\rm J}$ and down to low photon absorption rates $Γ_{\rm ph} \sim$ (1--50)Hz, as well as a clear threshold type of operation with an activation energy $E_{\rm act} \sim$ 400 $μ$eV, are demonstrated for the trap with respect to the microwave photons of frequency $f_{\rm J} \sim$ (100--200)GHz. Tunable generation is demonstrated with respect to the power and frequency of the microwave signal produced by the SQUID source biased within the subgap voltage range. A much weaker effect is observed at the higher junction voltages along the quasiparticle branch of the $I-V$ curve; this response mostly appears due to the recombination phonons.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Optimisation of Laser Doped Emitters for Solar Cells
Creators: name: Foss, S.E.
name: Scarborough, H.N.
name: Mangersnes, K.
name: Mayandi, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1879-1881
description: Laser doped n+-emitters (phosphorus) were fabricated on high lifetime Cz Si-wafers with a resistivity
of 10 Ohm·cm using a 532 nm frequency doubled Nd:YVO4 Q-switched laser with ns pulse duration using a spin-on
dopant. Laser parameters, such as pulse repetition frequency and beam intensity, were varied, which resulted in sheet
resistivities between 10 and 35 Ohm/sq. The emitter saturation current densities, J0e, varied between 61 and 133
fA/cm2 measured by the photoconductance decay method after both sides were passivated. A J0e of 250 fA/cm2 was
obtained for a standard belt furnace diffused emitter with a sheet resistivity in the same range. The comparison shows
that the laser doped emitters are well suited for high efficiency solar cells.
Oxygenated Protocrystalline Silicon Thin Films for Wide Bandgap Solar Cells With Temperature-Insensitive Cell Performance
Creators: name: Schropp, R.E.I.
name: Schüttauf, J.W.A.
name: Van Der Werf, C.H.M.
name: Arnoldbik, W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2109-2112
description: Solar cells installed outdoor often operate under lower irradiation conditions and higher temperature
than the standard testing conditions (STC; 25 oC, AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2) used for determining their performance. To
maximize the annual energy yield, it is thus important to investigate and optimize the temperature coefficient of the
efficiency. We show in this paper that thin film protocrystalline silicon has a beneficial temperature coefficient and
that this is even further enhanced by incorporating oxygen in the intrinsic absorber layer. The oxygen, in small
concentrations, does not appear to behave as a dopant and does not introduce electronic defects, probably because the
silicon network has high medium range order. Moreover, the high medium range order also reduces the susceptibility
to light-induced defect creation, thus limiting the long term efficiency degradation. The primary effect of the oxygen
is an increase in band gap, which reduces the temperature coefficient of the output voltage. Combined with the
positive temperature coefficients for the fill factor and the short circuit current, the unique result here is that
oxygenated protocrystalline silicon solar cells have an efficiency temperature coefficient that is nearly zero.
Hom-Lie superalgebra structures on exceptional simple Lie superalgebras of vector fields
Creators: name: Sun, Liping
name: Liu, Wende
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, the Hom-Lie superalgebra structures on exceptional simple Lie superalgebras of vector fields are studied. Taking advantage of the Z-grading structures and the transitivity, we prove that there is only the trivial Hom-Lie superalgebra structures on exceptional simple Lie superalgebras. Our proof is obtained by studying the Hom-Lie superalgebra structures on their 0-th and -1-st Z-components.
description: 14 pages
Dependence of a-Si:H Solar Cell Performances on Contamination Sources and Species During Plasma Deposition
Creators: name: Woerdenweber, J.
name: Merdzhanova, T.
name: Schmitz, R.
name: Mück, A.
name: Hrunski, D.
name: Zastrow, U.
name: Niessen, L.
name: Gordijn, A.
name: Stiebig, H.
name: Beyer, W.
name: Rau, U.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Thin Films
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 2121-2124
description: In this study the influence of different types of contamination sources and species on thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at 13.56 MHz is examined. Nitrogen contaminants were introduced either by a simulated chamber leak or together with the process gases to simulate impure SiH4 and H2, e.g. a gas pipe leak. It is found that the decrease in solar cell quality starts at about 4·1018 nitrogen-atoms/cm3 (critical nitrogen contamination level) for both nitrogen sources. Nevertheless impure process gases lead to an incorporation probability, which is enhanced by a factor of about 3. This is assumed to be due to the different probability for the nitrogen atoms to approach the deposition zone or to be pumped out of the chamber unused. Furthermore a (virtual) chamber oxygen leak was investigated and a critical oxygen contamination level of about 2·1019 atoms/cm3 was observed.
On the Hydrogen Passivation of Highly Doped Emitters
Creators: name: Bazer-Bachi, B.
name: Fourmond, E.
name: Lemiti, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1868-1871
description: This work focuses on the passivation of highly doped silicon surfaces. We propose here to bring more
knowledge on the emitter passivation by hydrogen during the thermal annealing of standard silicon nitride ARC
layer. Silicon wafers were phosphorus-diffused, and the surfaces were subsequently covered by SiNx:H. Different
rapid thermal annealing processes, varying in time and temperature, were then applied. Annealing time and temperature
variations led to an optimal lifetime value. We also noticed a sheet resistance variation for different annealing
parameters, although emitter had the same doping profile before annealing. This can be explained by the dopant deactivation
due to the hydrogen release during annealing, leading to an effective doping decrease. Comparing the sheet
resistance and the lifetime results, we found that the optimum passivation was correlated with the higher sheet resistance.
Another important aspect to consider is therefore the contact resistance between emitter and metal. As hydrogen
turns phosphorus inactive electrically, it can also lead to a contact resistance increase. TLM measurements allowed
us to observe the evolution of the contact resistance, depending on firing temperature
An analysis of the zero energy states in graphene
Creators: name: Ghosh, P.
name: Roy, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the concept of complex non PT symmetric potential we study creation of zero energy states in graphene by a scalar potential. The admissible range of the potential parameter values for which such states exist has been examined. The situation with respect to the holes has also been investigated.
Industrial Approaches of Selective Emitter on Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Gauthier, M.
name: Grau, M.
name: Nichiporuk, O.
name: Madon, F.
name: Mong-The Yen, V.
name: Le Quang, N.
name: Zerga, A.
name: Slaoui, A.
name: Blanc-Pélissier, D.
name: Kaminski, A.
name: Lemiti, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1875-1878
description: One way to improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells is to reduce the recombination losses at the
front surface. For industrial solar cells this is usually done by adjusting the front emitter doping level to obtain both a
low contact resistance and an acceptable blue response of the cell. In the case of screen-printing front contacts the
optimized emitter sheet resistance (40-60 Ohms/Sq) leads to significant recombination loses at the front surface. To
solve this problem some cost-effective solutions like selective emitter were proposed for industrial silicon solar cells.
This study is focused on industrial approaches of selective emitter formation using POCl3 diffusion (LYDOP ®). The
first approach uses a two-diffusion process with masking by a dielectric diffusion barrier. Local opening in diffusion
barrier can be done by screen-printing paste or by laser ablation (both methods were tested). The second investigated
process uses etch-back of heavy doped region to obtain the selective emitter structure by only one diffusion. Both
approaches (one and two diffusion processes) were studied up to cell level. An absolute increase in conversion
efficiency between 0,6% and 0,9% has been demonstrated on mc-Si cells.
Stokes vector and its relationship to Discrete Wigner Functions of multiphoton states
Creators: name: Srinivasan, K.
name: Raghavan, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stokes vectors and Discrete Wigner functions (DWF) provide two alternate ways of representing the polarization state of multiphoton systems. The Stokes vector associated with a n-photon polarization state is unique, and its Minkowski squared norm provides a direct way of quantifying entanglement through n-concurrence. However, the quantification of entanglement from DWF is not straight forward. The DWF associated with a given quantum state is not unique but depends on the way in which basis vectors are assigned to various lines in the phase space. For a Hilbert space of dimension N, there exists N N+1 such possible assignments. While a given DWF corresponds to a unique Stokes vector, the converse is not true. In the present work, we show that, for each particular assignment called a quantum net, there exist a unique Hadamard matrix which relates the Stokes vector to the corresponding DWF. This method provides an elegant and direct method of constructing the DWFs from the Stokes vector for every possible choice of the quantum net. Using these results, we derive the relationship between the Stokes vector of a spin-flipped state and the DWF. Finally, we also present a method to express the Minkowskian squared norm of the Stokes vector directly in terms of the DWF.
Carbon Accounting in the Public Sector - Challenges, Approaches and Perspectives for Municipalities
Creators: name: Stojanović-Blab, Maja
name: Lutter, Milena
name: Blab, Daniel
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: carbon accounting, greenhouse gas emissions, municipalities, climate changes
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: 350 Öffentliche Verwaltung
subject: H83, Q56

description: Nowadays, combating climate change and its effects due to the anthropogenic greenhouse effect is one of the central challenges for society and politics in order to prevent further increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and thus become climate neutral. An indispensable prerequisite for the selection, implementation and monitoring of the effectiveness of measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is the measurement and accounting of emissions through the implementation of a carbon accounting system. Compared to companies, the topic of carbon accounting at the municipality level has so far received less public attention. Therefore, this paper deals with the specific challenges, the approaches and the perspectives of municipal carbon accounting.
description: die am Paper angegebene DOI funktioniert (aktuell, Dez 22) nicht
An Improved Fluxmeter for Point-Focus Solar Concentrators
Creators: name: Parretta, A.
name: Armani, M.
name: Antonini, A.
name: Milan, E.
name: Pellegrino, M.
name: Fucci, R.
name: Privato, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1028-1032
description: A fluxmeter for high flux density measurements in point-focus solar concentrators is presented [1-3]. It
is based on the use of two integrating spheres, coupled by an intermediate window of selected aperture area. The
concentrated radiation is collected by the first sphere through an input window, integrated and driven to a second
sphere where it is coupled to a conventional radiometer and to a spectrometer for flux and spectral measurements,
respectively. The overall attenuation factor of input radiation, from few tens up to few thousands, is controlled by
selecting the area of an intermediate window. The fluxmeter can be used to measure the total flux or the flux density
distribution of beams with small area focusing region, of the order of 1cm2 or less. It is particularly suitable therefore
for photovoltaic applications. The response of the fluxmeter in terms of attenuation factor of flux density as function
of the angular divergence of input beam showed maximum variations of the order of 5%. They were strongly reduced
to less than 0.5% by modifying the configuration of the optical sensor.
Nil Clean Involutions
Creators: name: Šter, Janez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that if an involution in a ring is the sum of an idempotent and a nilpotent then the idempotent in this decomposition must be 1. As a consequence, we completely characterize weakly nil-clean rings introduced recently in [Breaz, Danchev and Zhou, Rings in which every element is either a sum or a difference of a nilpotent and an idempotent, J. Algebra Appl., DOI: 10.1142/S0219498816501486].