cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Being Together in Place as a Catalyst for Scientific Advance
Creators: name: Duede, Eamon
name: Teplitskiy, Misha
name: Lakhani, Karim
name: Evans, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated social distancing at every level of society, including universities and research institutes, raising essential questions concerning the continuing importance of physical proximity for scientific and scholarly advance. Using customized author surveys about the intellectual influence of referenced work on scientists' own papers, combined with precise measures of geographical and semantic distance between focal and referenced works, we find that being at the same institution is strongly associated with intellectual influence on scientists' and scholars' published work. However, this influence increases with intellectual distance: the more different the referenced work done by colleagues at one's institution, the more influential it is on one's own. Universities worldwide constitute places where people doing very different work engage in sustained interactions through departments, committees, seminars, and communities. These interactions come to uniquely influence their published research, suggesting the need to replace rather than displace diverse engagements for sustainable advance.
Analog of a quantum heat engine using a single-spin qubit
Creators: name: Ono, K.
name: Shevchenko, S. N.
name: Mori, T.
name: Moriyama, S.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum two-level system with periodically modulated energy splitting could provide a minimal universal quantum heat machine. We present the experimental realization and the theoretical description of such a two-level system as an impurity electron spin in a silicon tunnel field-effect transistor. In the incoherent regime, the system can behave analogously to either an Otto heat engine or a refrigerator. The coherent regime could be described as a superposition of those two regimes, producing specific interference fringes in the observed source-drain current.
description: 6 pages + 17 pages of Supplemental Material
Walls and vortices in supersymmetric non-abelian gauge theories
Creators: name: Isozumi, Youichi
name: Nitta, Muneto
name: Ohashi, Keisuke
name: Sakai, Norisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent results on the BPS multi-wall solutions in supersymmetric U(N_C) gauge theories in five dimensions with N_F(>N_C) hypermultiplets in the fundamental representation. Total moduli space of the BPS non-Abelian walls is found to be the complex Grassmann manifold SU(N_F)/[SU(N_C)xSU(N_F-N_C)xU(1)]. Exact solutions are obtained with full generic moduli for infinite gauge coupling. A 1/4 BPS equation is also solved, giving vortices together with the non-Abelian walls and monopoles in the Higgs phase attached to the vortices. The full moduli space of the 1/4 BPS solutions is found to be holomorphic maps from a complex plane to the wall moduli space.
description: 10pages, 2figures, Contribution to the proceedings of ``NathFest'' at PASCOS conference, Northeastern University, Boston, Ma, August 2004
Giant linearly-polarized photogalvanic effect and second harmonic generation in two-dimensional axion insulators
Creators: name: Fei, Ruixiang
name: Song, Wenshen
name: Yang, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) processes, such as the photogalvanic effect and second-order harmonic generation (SHG), play crucial roles in probing and controlling light-matter interactions for energy and device applications. To date, most studies of second-order NLO processes focus on materials with broken spatial inversion symmetry, such as proper ferroelectrics and noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetals. Nevertheless, inversion symmetry of Shubnikov groups can be broken via spin-ordering in centrosymmetric crystals. Unfortunately, these materials are less common, and their NLO responses are usually weak. Combining quantum perturbation theory and first-principles simulations, we predict a giant injection-current photogalvanic effect and SHG in a family of emerging axion insulators, the even septuple layers of MnBi2Te4 (MBT) materials that exhibit the zero-plateau quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect. Their amplitudes of injection current and SHG are about two orders of magnitude larger than those of widely used ferroelectrics, such as BiFeO3 and LiNbO3. Moreover, unlike the usual injection current observed under circularly-polarized light, the injection photocurrent of MBTs only emerges under linearly polarized light, making it convenient for device applications. These unique characters are from a combination effect of parity-time symmetry, three-fold rotation symmetry, and significant spin-orbit coupling. These enhanced NLO effects are valuable for characterizing subtle topological orders in QAH systems and also shed light on novel infrared photo-detector and photovoltaic applications based on magnetic topological materials.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Direct CP Violating Asymmetry in B0 -> K+pi- Decays
Creators: name: BaBar Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the direct CP violating asymmetry in the decay B0 -> K+pi- using 227 x 10^6 Y(4S) -> BBbar decays collected with the BaBar detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e+e- collider at SLAC, we observe a total signal yield of n(K-pi+) + n(K+pi-) = 1606 +- 51 decays and measure the asymmetry [n(K-pi+)-n(K+pi-)]/[n(K-p+-)+n(K+pi-)] = -0.133+-0.030 (stat) +- 0.009 (syst). The probability of observing such an asymmetry in the absence of direct CP violation is 1.3 x 10^-5, corresponding to 4.2 standard deviations.
description: PRL version
Stellar activity with LAMOST. III. Temporal variability pattern in Pleiades, Praesepe, and Hyades
Creators: name: Fang, Xiang-Song
name: Bidin, Christian Moni
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Zhang, Li-Yun
name: Kumar, Yerra Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a systematic study of temporal variation of stellar activity in young late-type stars. We used multi-epoch LAMOST low-resolution spectra of over 300 member candidates in three young open clusters: Pleiades, Praesepe, and Hyades. The spectral measurements of TiO band strength near 7050 Å (TiO2) and equivalent width of Hα line (EW Hα ) are used as the tracers of cool-spot coverage and chromospheric emission strength, respectively. The analysis of time-variation patterns of these two tracers suggested there exist detectable variabilities in TiO2 and EW Hα , and their time-scales are in the wide range from days to years. Results showed that more active stars, younger and fast rotators, tend to have larger activity variations. There is a tendency of anti-correlation between temporal variations in TiO2 and EW Hα . Also, appreciable anti-correlation in the rotational phase between Hα emission and K2 brightness is detected in some M dwarfs, indicating spatial co-location of the plages with cool starspots, however, cool stars do not always show such co-location features. Furthermore, spot coverage and Hα emission were evident at all rotational phases of several M dwarfs, indicating a basal level of activity, perhaps due to many small and randomly located active regions in the atmosphere.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures
Benefits of meeting the Baltic Sea nutrient reduction targets - Combining ecological modelling and contingent valuation in the nine littoral states
Creators: name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Hasselstrom, Linus
name: Artell, Janne
name: Angeli, Daija
name: Czajkowski, Mikouaj
name: Meyerhoff, Jurgen
name: Alemu, Mohammed
name: Dahlbo, Kim
name: Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi
name: Hasler, Berit
name: Hyytiainen, Kari
name: Karloseva, Aljona
name: Khaleeva, Yulia
name: Maar, Marie
name: Martinsen, Louise
name: Nommann, Tea
name: Oskolokaite, Ieva
name: Pakalniete, Kristine
name: Semeniene, Daiva
name: Smart, James
name: Soderqvist, Tore
name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Hasselstrom, Linus
name: Artell, Janne
name: Angeli, Daija
name: Czajkowski, Mikouaj
name: Meyerhoff, Jurgen
name: Alemu, Mohammed
name: Dahlbo, Kim
name: Fleming-Lehtinen, Vivi
name: Hasler, Berit
name: Hyytiainen, Kari
name: Karloseva, Aljona
name: Khaleeva, Yulia
name: Maar, Marie
name: Martinsen, Louise
name: Nommann, Tea
name: Oskolokaite, Ieva
name: Pakalniete, Kristine
name: Semeniene, Daiva
name: Smart, James
name: Soderqvist, Tore
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: the Baltic Sea
subject: contingent valuation
subject: eutrophication
subject: willingness to pay

description: One of the most serious threats to the Baltic Sea and its ecosystem services is human-induced eutrophication. European Union legislation, in the form of the Marine Strategy and Water Framework Directives, requires information on the benefits of improving the condition of the sea to a good environmental status. Our study uses a unique dataset collected from all nine littoral countries of the Baltic Sea, in combination with state-of-the-art marine modelling of the area, to estimate the benefits of reducing eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. We find average willingness to pay (WTP) for decreased eutrophication to differ substantially by country, but also that there is a general acceptance to pay more to improve the status of the whole sea area. We estimate the aggregate WTP for an improvement in the eutrophication level following the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) to be 4000 million Euros annually. Our results provide, however, a strong message to the decision makers about the need for ensuring fulfilment of the policy targets in the BSAP. Failure to fulfil the targets would imply foregoing substantial societal benefits.
The EAS approach to variable selection for multivariate response data in high-dimensional settings
Creators: name: Koner, Salil
name: Williams, Jonathan P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H12

description: In this paper, we develop an {\em epsilon admissible subsets} (EAS) model selection approach for performing group variable selection in the high-dimensional multivariate regression setting. This EAS strategy is designed to estimate a posterior-like, generalized fiducial distribution over a parsimonious class of models in the setting of correlated predictors and/or in the absence of a sparsity assumption. The effectiveness of our approach, to this end, is demonstrated empirically in simulation studies, and is compared to other state-of-the-art model/variable selection procedures. Furthermore, assuming a matrix-Normal linear model we show that the EAS strategy achieves {\em strong model selection consistency} in the high-dimensional setting if there does exist a sparse, true data generating set of predictors. In contrast to Bayesian approaches for model selection, our generalized fiducial approach completely avoids the problem of simultaneously having to specify arbitrary prior distributions for model parameters and penalize model complexity; our approach allows for inference directly on the model complexity. \textcolor{black}{Implementation of the method is illustrated through yeast data to identify significant cell-cycle regulating transcription factors.
Additional file 2 of Association between time-weighted activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and fast food consumption among young adults in urban Canada
Creators: name: Liu, Bochu
name: Widener, Michael
name: Burgoine, Thomas
name: Hammond, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Dissemination area (DA) and census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada. Information regarding two types of administrative geographical units mentioned in the analysis.
La portée pratique des règles du commerce international dans la protection des consommateurs
Creators: name: Doussin, Jean-Pierre
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Doussin, Jean-Pierre
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Les réglementations nationales sur le plan sanitaire ou technique peuvent créer des obstacles aux échanges. L'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) traite ces problèmes principalement par le biais de l'Accord sur les mesures sanitaires et phytosanitaires (SPS) et de celui sur les obstacles techniques au commerce (OTC). Ce cadre international préoccupe certains consommateurs et citoyens, qui craignent qu'il ne favorise un moins-disant en terme de qualité et surtout de sécurité des produits alimentaires, et que les accords multilatéraux ne nuisent à la souveraineté nationale dans un domaine aussi important que la santé humaine. L'arbitrage des différends récents par l'OMC dans le domaine sanitaire et phytosanitaire a clarifié le droit d'un pays a établir son propre niveau de protection des consommateurs et a précisé la portée des normes internationales. En s'appuyant sur la jurisprudence récente des accords SPS et OTC, il est possible de défendre une conception européenne de la qualité des produits alimentaires.
Spinodal decomposition, nuclear fog and two characteristic volumes in thermal multifragmentation
Creators: name: Karnaukhov, V. A.
name: Oeschler, H.
name: Avdeyev, S. P.
name: Rodionov, V. K.
name: Kirakosyan, V. V.
name: Simonenko, A. V.
name: Rukoyatkin, P. A.
name: Budzanowski, A.
name: Karcz, W.
name: Skwirczynska, I.
name: Kuzmin, E. A.
name: Chulkov, L. V.
name: Norbeck, E.
name: Botvina, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal multifragmentation of hot nuclei is interpreted as the nuclear liquid-fog phase transition inside the spinodal region. The experimental data for p(8.1GeV) + Au collisions are analyzed within the framework of the statistical multifragmentation model (SMM) for the events with emission of at least two IMFs. It is found that the partition of hot nuclei is specified after expansion to a volume equal to Vt = (2.6+-0.3) Vo, with Vo as the volume at normal density. However, the freeze-out volume is found to be twice as large: Vf = (5+-1) Vo.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Nucl.Phys.A
Additional file 1 of Association between time-weighted activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and fast food consumption among young adults in urban Canada
Creators: name: Liu, Bochu
name: Widener, Michael
name: Burgoine, Thomas
name: Hammond, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Information about sample. Information regarding how the sample was recruited; how representative the sample was of the target group; how the analysed sample differed from the recruited sample; and how any missing data were handled.
Recensement de la population 1999 : évolutions contrastées du rural
Creators: name: Bessy-Pietri, Pascale
name: Hilal, Mohamed
name: Schmitt, Bertrand
name: Bessy-Pietri, Pascale
name: Hilal, Mohamed
name: Schmitt, Bertrand
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: En 1999, l'espace à dominante rurale retrouve le même nombre d'habitants qu'en 1962 , soit 13,6 millions de personnes. Il gagne 247 000 habitants en neuf ans. Le regain démographique qui résulte d'un apport migratoire supérieur au déficit naturel se généralise, atteignant une majorité de communes. Le solde migratoire devient positif même dans le rural isolé. L'augmentation des effectifs ruraux est forte à proximité des aires urbaines en croissance, en particulier sur les bordures occidentale et méridionale de l'Hexagone, dans le grand Ouest du Bassin parisien et dans les régions Alsace, Midi-Pyrénées et Rhône-Alpes. Lorsque l'armature urbaine est lâche, l'évolution de population est par contre le plus souvent négative. Dans quelques cas, cette évolution est positive autour d'une aire urbaine qui perd des habitants.
Quelle politique laitière pour l’Europe ?
Creators: name: Bouamra, Zohra
name: Requillart, Vincent
name: Bouamra, Zohra
name: Requillart, Vincent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Alors que les principales Organisations communes de marché des produits agricoles dans l'Union européenne (UE) ont évolué au cours des dix dernières années, la politique laitière européenne est demeurée largement inchangée depuis la mise en place des quotas laitiers en 1984. Compte tenu des pressions externes (Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) par exemple) mais également internes (bien-fondé d'un système de quotas, élargissement de l'UE aux pays de l'Est), il est vraisemblable que la politique laitière européenne sera modifiée dans les années à venir. L'accord de Berlin signé en mars 1999 constitue une première rupture : l'augmentation de quotas prévue à l'horizon 2007 doit permettre une baisse des prix rapprochant le marché européen du marché mondial, mais surtout, pour la première fois dans ce secteur, sont introduites des aides directes destinées à compenser la perte de revenus des producteurs laitiers. Pour étudier les impacts de différents scénarios de politique laitière, l'INRA développe des modèles du secteur laitier européen. On montre ainsi, compte tenu des contraintes à l'exportation et de l'inélasticité de la demande, qu'une augmentation de la production de lait de 1% se traduit par une baisse du prix du lait de l'ordre de 4,5%. On montre également qu'une politique qui consisterait à diminuer fortement les subventions aux exportations est préférable à la politique décidée en mars 1999 à Berlin. Une version plus élaborée du modèle permettra ultérieurement d'analyser les conséquences de scénarios de suppression des quotas.
Filière fruits et légumes : comment la grande distribution transmet-elle aux consommateurs les variations de prix à la production?
Creators: name: Hassan, Daniel
name: Simioni, Michel
name: Hassan, Daniel
name: Simioni, Michel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: La formation des prix au sein des filières agro-alimentaires présente un intérêt considérable pour les acteurs de ces filières ainsi que pour les pouvoirs publics. En témoignent les manifestations récurrentes de producteurs agricoles qui dénoncent la responsabilité des intermédiaires et notamment de la grande distribution. La filière des fruits et légumes frais est l'une des plus concernées. L'absence de transformation industrielle des produits accentue le caractère direct de la confrontation entre les producteurs et une grande distribution dont la part de marché est désormais prépondérante (environ 60% des ventes de fruits et légumes en France sont réalisées en grande et moyenne surfaces (GMS)). L'un des reproches les plus fréquemment adressés aux GMS est de répercuter plus facilement au consommateur les hausses de prix intervenues en amont que les baisses. Un tel comportement aggraverait naturellement les crises de surproduction. En effet, dans ce cas, la rigidité des prix de détail empêche que l'effet négatif de la baisse des prix sur le revenu soit compensé par une augmentation des volumes écoulés. Cette recherche vise à verser à ce dossier des éléments objectifs d'appréciation. Ceux-ci sont issus d'un traitement économétrique des données de prix recueillies par le Service des Nouvelles des Marchés (SNM, ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche), à différents stades de la filière fruits et légumes. Trois produits sont considérés : tomate, endive, chou-fleur.
title: Challenges and opportunities of industry 4.0, with special insight on advances in smart health
Creators: name: Ott, Florian
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Industry 4.0
subject: Smart Hospitals
subject: Data security
subject: Supply Chain Management
subject: Digital Engineering

description: We are entering the fourth industrial revolution at time when the third has not even finished, showing how rapidly technologies are evolving and barely giving time for people or companies to adapt. The german term for the fourth industrial revolution is industry 4.0, which is set to bring significant changes in not only production and manufacturing, but also offices and daily personal life. Industry 4.0 relies on a symbiosis of new technologies which enables machines to become 'smart', a term used to describe machines independently communicating and making decisions. Production under industry 4.0 requires less human interaction and allows a much more flexible and customizable approach, while simultaneously reducing costs, waste and time. Challenges of industry 4.0 include dealing with job losses on the one hand and lack of qualified employees, being able to cope with new technologies, on the other. By 2020 a new generation, the millennials, will be the major workforce, bring in a new approach to handling business and work and life balance. They will bring great change to structures in business, which have been existing for years. The medical sector will also undergo significant changes, allowing patients to receive treatments from their homes and accumulation of large data amounts which allow doctors to diagnose and prescribe treatments far more efficiently. Smart hospitals, the hospitals of the future, are built to provide the best possible care to patients. The goal of this thesis is to show which technologies enabled industry 4.0 and then highlighting the challenges and opportunities it presents, giving a closer look at changes and challenges in the medical sector throughout the thesis. Table of
Algebra and geometry of link homology
Creators: name: Gorsky, Eugene
name: Kivinen, Oscar
name: Simental, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: These notes cover the lectures of the first named author at 2021 IHES Summer School on "Enumerative Geometry, Physics and Representation Theory" with additional details and references. They cover the definition of Khovanov-Rozansky triply graded homology, its basic properties and recent advances, as well as three algebro-geometric models for link homology: braid varieties, Hilbert schemes of singular curves and affine Springer fibers, and Hilbert schemes of points on the plane.
description: 49 pages
Nuclear system size scan for freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy-ion collisions by using a multiphase transport model
Creators: name: Wang, Dong-Fang
name: Zhang, Song
name: Ma, Yu-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system size scan program was recently proposed for the STAR experiments at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC). In this study, we employ a multiphase transport (AMPT) model for considering the bulk properties at the freeze-out stage for $\mathrm{^{10}B+^{10}B}$, $\mathrm{^{12}C+^{12}C}$, $\mathrm{^{16}O+^{16}O}$, $\mathrm{^{20}Ne+^{20}Ne}$, $\mathrm{^{40}Ca+^{40}Ca}$, $\mathrm{^{96}Zr+^{96}Zr}$, and $\mathrm{^{197}Au+^{197}Au}$ collisions at RHIC energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ of 200, 20, and 7.7 GeV. The results for $\mathrm{^{197}Au+^{197}Au}$ collisions are comparable with those of previous experimental STAR data. The transverse momentum $p_{T}$ spectra of charged particles ($π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$) at the kinetic freeze-out stage, based on a blast-wave model, are also discussed. In addition, we use a statistical thermal model to extract the parameters at the chemical freeze-out stage, which agree with those from other thermal model calculations. It was found that there is a competitive relationship between the kinetic freeze-out parameter $T_{kin}$ and the radial expansion velocity $β_{T}$, which also agrees with the STAR or ALICE results. We found that the chemical freeze-out strangeness potential $μ_{s}$ remains constant in all collision systems and that the fireball radius $R$ is dominated by $\left\langle \mathrm{N_{Part}}\right\rangle$, which can be well fitted by a function of $a \left\langle \mathrm{N_{Part}}\right\rangle^{b}$ with $b \approx 1/3$. In addition, we calculated the nuclear modification factors for different collision systems with respect to the $ \mathrm{{}^{10}B} + \mathrm{{}^{10}B}$ system, and found that they present a gradual suppression within a higher $p_{T}$ range from small to large systems.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables
Thermal Dynamic Phase Transition of Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter Black Holes on Free Energy Landscape
Creators: name: Li, Ran
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the thermodynamics and the underlying kinetics of the van der Waals type phase transition of Reissner-Nordström anti-de Sitter (RNAdS) black holes based on the free energy landscape. We show that the thermodynamic stabilities of the three branches of the RNAdS black holes are determined by the underlying free energy landscape topography. We suggest that the large (small) RNAdS black hole can have the probability to switch to the small (large) black hole due to the thermal fluctuation. Such a state switching process under the thermal fluctuation is taken as a stochastic process and the associated kinetics can be described by the probabilistic Fokker-Planck equation. We obtained the time dependent solutions for the probabilistic evolution by numerically solving Fokker-Planck equation with the reflecting boundary conditions. We also investigated the first passage process which describes how fast a system undergoes a stochastic process for the first time. The distributions of the first passage time switching from small (large) to large (small) black hole and the corresponding mean first passage time as well as its fluctuations at different temperatures are studied in detail. We conclude that the mean first passage time and its fluctuations are related to the free energy landscape topography through barrier heights and temperatures.
description: 25 pages; Addition to discussion, references added
Reconfigurable Design for Omni-adaptive Grasp Learning
Creators: name: Wan, Fang
name: Wang, Haokun
name: Wu, Jiyuan
name: Liu, Yujia
name: Ge, Sheng
name: Song, Chaoyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The engineering design of robotic grippers presents an ample design space for optimization towards robust grasping. In this paper, we adopt the reconfigurable design of the robotic gripper using a novel soft finger structure with omni-directional adaptation, which generates a large number of possible gripper configurations by rearranging these fingers. Such reconfigurable design with these omni-adaptive fingers enables us to systematically investigate the optimal arrangement of the fingers towards robust grasping. Furthermore, we adopt a learning-based method as the baseline to benchmark the effectiveness of each design configuration. As a result, we found that a 3-finger and 4-finger radial configuration is the most effective one achieving an average 96\% grasp success rate on seen and novel objects selected from the YCB dataset. We also discussed the influence of the frictional surface on the finger to improve the grasp robustness.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, full-length version of a submission to IEEE RoboSoft 2020
Erratum to "Generalizations of the Poincaré-Birkhoff Theorem"
Creators: name: Franks, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is an erratum to an earlier paper, "Generalizations of the Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem." An error in the statement of one of the theorems is corrected.
The United Families of Massive Neutrinos of a Different Nature
Creators: name: Sharafiddinov, Rasulkhozha S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At the availability of a nonzero mass, the same neutrino regardless of whether it refers to Dirac or Majorana fermions, must possess simultaneously each of the anapole and electric dipole moments. Their interaction with the field of emission can also lead to the elastic scattering of the longitudinal polarized neutrinos on a spinless nucleus. Using the cross section of a process, the united equation has been obtained between the anapole and electric dipole form factors of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. It corresponds in nature to the coexistence of neutrinos of both types. As a consequence, each Dirac neutrino testifies in favor of the existence of a kind of Majorana neutrino. They constitute herewith the united families of massive neutrinos of a different nature. Therefore, any of the earlier measured properties of neutrinos may serve as a certain indication of the existence simultaneously of both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos. All findings are also confirmed by the comparatively new laboratory restrictions on the self-masses of these fermions. Thereby they state that electromagnetic gauge invariance must have a new structure, which depends on nature of the inertial mass and says that P-symmetry of a particle is basically violated at the expense of its rest mass.
description: 12 pages, LaTex, Published version in PE
Lattice solitons in quasicondensates
Creators: name: Ahufinger, V.
name: Sanpera, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze finite temperature effects in the generation of bright solitons in condensates in optical lattices. We show that even in the presence of strong phase fluctuations solitonic structures with well defined phase profile can be created. We propose a novel family of variational functions which describe well the properties of these solitons and account for the non-linear effects in the band structure. We discuss also the mobility and collisions of these localized wave packets.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Covering the Baire space by families which are not finitely dominating
Creators: name: Mildenberger, Heike
name: Shelah, Saharon
name: Tsaban, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E15, 03E17, 03E35, 03D65

description: It is consistent (relative to ZFC) that the union of max{b,g} many families in the Baire space which are not finitely dominating is not dominating. In particular, it is consistent that for each nonprincipal ultrafilter U, the cofinality of the reduced ultrapower w^w/U is greater than max{b,g}. The model is constructed by oracle chain condition forcing, to which we give a self-contained introduction.
description: Small updates
An interdisciplinary study of injection drug related harm among young people who use injection drugs in Vancouver, British Columbia
Creators: name: Miller, Caroline Lisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Research Problem: Young injection drug users (IDUs) may be at elevated risk for blood-borne infection, however there is a dearth of longitudinal data regarding factors that influence drug-related harms in this population. Methods: This study was an interdisciplinary exploration of drug-related harm among young (< or = 29 years) IDUs in Vancouver, B.C., undertaken through the VIDUS, a prospective cohort that began in 1996. Over 1500 participants have been enrolled and followed, among whom over 550 were aged < or = 29 years. Participants were eligible for an interview semiannually and have undergone serologic testing for HIV and HCV antibodies. In addition to the longitudinal survey data, 28 participants (aged < or = 29 years) consented to an in-depth interview. Results: Cumulative incidence rates for HIV and HCV among young participants were 11.1% and 52.1% respectively at 36 months after enrollment [sic] in the study. In total, 38% of the young IDUs initiated injection drug use in early adolescence (< or = 16 years) and those who did were more likely to be: HIV and HCV-seropositive, female, sex workers, binge drug users and incarcerated. Younger (< or = 29 years [N=582]) and older (> or = 30 years [N=1016]) IDUs were compared in multivariable analyses and younger age was associated with: female sex, homelessness, incarceration, sex work, borrowing syringes, > or = 1 daily injection of heroin, cocaine, and speedballs and being less likely to access drug treatment or MMT. In quantitative and qualitative analyses examining associations between younger age and frequent heroin injection, data revealed numerous sex and drug-related vulnerabilities among younger IDUs associated with heroin dependency, initiation and withdrawal. 22 young IDUs died during the study period for a crude mortality rate of 1,368 per 100,000 person-years. Young female IDUs were 54.1 times (95%CI; 29.6-90.8) and young male IDUs 12.9 times (95%CI; 5.5, 25.3) more likely to die compared to the Canadian non-IDU population of the same age. Findings: Younger IDUs demonstrated unique and elevated risk patterns as compared to older IDUs, including elevated use of injection heroin and lower uptake of available treatment. Young IDUs, particularly females, require targeted and ’youth-friendly’ interventions including the development of substitution therapies, drug treatment, injection initiation prevention and harm reduction education services.
Additional file 1 of Coulomb stress change on inland faults during megathrust earthquake cycle in southwest Japan
Creators: name: Mitogawa, Tsukasa
name: Nishimura, Takuya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures.
Pauvreté et RMI en agriculture
Creators: name: Blanc, Michel
name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe
name: Blanc, Michel
name: Perrier-Cornet, Philippe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Le Revenu minimum d'insertion (RMI) a été instauré à la fin des années quatre-vingt pour faire face à la montée de la pauvreté due au fort accroissement du chômage. Il vise d'une part à assurer un revenu minimum aux personnes durablement privées d'emploi et d'autre part à aider à leur réinsertion sociale et notamment à leur réintégration dans le marché de l'emploi. En 1992, le législateur a étendu ce dispositif au secteur agricole où les actifs sont dans leur grande majorité des travailleurs non salariés et où les situations de pauvreté ne sont pas imputables à la privation d'emploi, mais à la faiblesse des revenus tirés de l'activité professionnelle. Cependant, seulement environ 1% des exploitants agricoles bénéficient du RMI, proportion qui semble a priori très inférieure à la fréquence des situations de pauvreté au sein de la population agricole. Pour éclairer ce paradoxe, il convenait de faire le point sur l'étendue de la pauvreté dans l'agriculture, caractériser la population des bénéficiaires du RMI agricole, étudier les modalités de la mise en œuvre de ce dispositif et examiner les raisons de sa faible diffusion.
Additional file 1 of Predictive validity of the National Benchmark Test and National Senior Certificate for the academic success of first-year medical students at one South African university
Creators: name: Sfiso Emmanuel Mabizela
name: George, Ann Zeta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Volume Seven: Kentucky: An Archaic Echo of Con Tacchi?
Creators: name: Lehti, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470499
subject: Linguistics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 470406
subject: Historical, comparative and typological linguistics

description: Abstract: Language often conceals more than it reveals, especially when phonetics, regionalisms, and cultural history intersect. In the case of The Simpsons' assertion that "Kentucky" means "whore" in Italian, what appears on the surface to be a comedic oversimplification hides a deeper, linguistically rich past. While "puttana" is the modern and recognized Italian word for "whore," archaic Tuscan slang offers a forgotten thread of language evolution where the term tacchi (heels) was linked to prostitution. This study proposes that the Simpsons joke about "Kentucky" may not be as erroneous as initially dismissed by “trivia experts”—when viewed through the lens of forgotten regional dialects and linguistic history.
The Renyi-Ulam pathological liar game with a fixed number of lies
Creators: name: Ellis, Robert B.
name: Ponomarenko, Vadim
name: Yan, Catherine H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91A46 (Primary) 05A99, 05B40 (Secondary)

description: The $q$-round Renyi-Ulam pathological liar game with $k$ lies on the set $[n]:=\{1,...,n\}$ is a 2-player perfect information zero sum game. In each round Paul chooses a subset $A\subseteq [n]$ and Carole either assigns 1 lie to each element of $A$ or to each element of $[n]\setminus A$. Paul wins if after $q$ rounds there is at least one element with $k$ or fewer lies. The game is dual to the original Renyi-Ulam liar game for which the winning condition is that at most one element has $k$ or fewer lies. We prove the existence of a winning strategy for Paul to the existence of a covering of the discrete hypercube with certain relaxed Hamming balls. Defining $F^*_k(q)$ to be the minimum $n$ such that Paul can win the $q$-round pathological liar game with $k$ lies and initial set $[n]$, we find $F^*_1(q)$ and $F^*_2(q)$ exactly. For fixed $k$ we prove that $F_k^*(q)$ is within an absolute constant (depending only on $k$) of the sphere bound, $2^q/\binom{q}{\leq k}$; this is already known to hold for the original Renyi-Ulam liar game due to a result of J. Spencer.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure * Typo corrected in Definition 17. * Reference information completed for reference [4]
Factorization method for inverse time-harmonic elastic scattering with a single plane wave
Creators: name: Ma, Guanqiu
name: Hu, Guanghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is concerned with the factorization method with a single far-field pattern to recover an arbitrary convex polygonal scatterer/source in linear elasticity. The approach also applies to the compressional (resp. shear) part of the far-field pattern excited by a single compressional (resp. shear) plane wave. The one-wave factorization is based on the scattering data for a priori given testing scatterers. It can be regarded as a domain-defined sampling method and does not require forward solvers. We derive the spectral system of the far-field operator for rigid disks and show that, using testing disks, the one-wave factorization method can be justified independently of the classical factorization method.
New age constraints on the breakup of Rodinia and amalgamation of southwestern Gondwana from the Choquequirao Formation in southwestern Peru
Creators: name: Hodgin, Eben Blake
name: Carlotto, Victor
name: Macdonald, Francis A.
name: Schmitz, Mark D.
name: Crowley, James L.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Section S1: LA–ICPMS U–Pb zircon geochronology detailed methods
Match4Rec: A Novel Recommendation Algorithm Based on Bidirectional Encoder Representation with the Matching Task
Creators: name: Zhang, Lingxiao
name: Yan, Jiangpeng
name: Yang, Yujiu
name: Li, Xiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Characterizing users' interests accurately plays a significant role in an effective recommender system. The sequential recommender system can learn powerful hidden representations of users from successive user-item interactions and dynamic users' preferences. To analyze such sequential data, conventional methods mainly include Markov Chains (MCs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). Recently, the use of self-attention mechanisms and bi-directional architectures have gained much attention. However, there still exists a major limitation in previous works that they only model the user's main purposes in the behavioral sequences separately and locally, and they lack the global representation of the user's whole sequential behavior. To address this limitation, we propose a novel bidirectional sequential recommendation algorithm that integrates the user's local purposes with the global preference by additive supervision of the matching task. We combine the mask task with the matching task in the training process of the bidirectional encoder. A new sample production method is also introduced to alleviate the effect of mask noise. Our proposed model can not only learn bidirectional semantics from users' behavioral sequences but also explicitly produces user representations to capture user's global preference. Extensive empirical studies demonstrate our approach considerably outperforms various state-of-the-art models.
description: Accepted by ICONIP2020
Le principe de précaution est-il économiquement acceptable?
Creators: name: Treich, Nicolas
name: Treich, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Le principe de précaution est en passe de devenir depuis quelques années la nouvelle norme nationale et internationale de gestion des risques. Avancé par les écologistes et débattu par les juristes et les philosophes, il a été souvent invoqué par les médias et les politiques, parfois dans des situations où il n'avait rien à voir. Le principe de précaution est mal compris dans le débat public. Solution miracle pour certains, il est économiquement inacceptable pour d'autres. Contrairement aux idées reçues, la nature du principe de précaution - agir avant même de savoir - est fondamentalement économique. Il existe en effet une valeur d'option à sélectionner dès aujourd'hui les décisions les moins irréversibles et à prévenir des risques dont on pourrait subir les conséquences dans le futur. En nous fondant sur la théorie économique récente, nous discutons certaines questions relatives au principe de précaution - analyse coût-bénéfice, incertitude scientifique, irréversibilité des décisions - et à sa mise en œuvre - Protocole de Kyoto, règles de responsabilité et acceptabilité des risques par le consommateur.
Connecting Yule Process, Bisection and Binary Search Tree via Martingales
Creators: name: Chauvin, B.
name: Rouault, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J25; 60J80; 68W40; 60C05; 60G42; 60G44

description: We present new links between some remarkable martingales found in the study of the Binary Search Tree, or of the Bisection Problem, looking at them on the probability space of a continuous time binary branching process.
description: Companion paper of arXiv:math.PR/0410211
Mesoscopic Fluctuations of the Loschmidt Echo
Creators: name: Petitjean, Cyril
name: Jacquod, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the time-dependent variance of the fidelity with which an initial narrow wavepacket is reconstructed after its dynamics is time-reversed with a perturbed Hamiltonian. In the semiclassical regime of perturbation, we show that the variance first rises algebraically up to a critical time $t_c$, after which it decays. To leading order in the effective Planck's constant $\hbar_{\rm eff}$, this decay is given by the sum of a classical term $\simeq \exp[-2 λt]$, a quantum term $\simeq 2 \hbar_{\rm eff} \exp[-Γt]$ and a mixed term $\simeq 2 \exp[-(Γ+λ)t]$. Compared to the behavior of the average fidelity, this allows for the extraction of the classical Lyapunov exponent $λ$ in a larger parameter range. Our results are confirmed by numerical simulations.
description: Final, extended version; to appear in Physical Review E
Steady states of active Brownian particles interacting with boundaries
Creators: name: Wagner, Caleb G.
name: Hagan, Michael F.
name: Baskaran, Aparna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An active Brownian particle is a minimal model for a self-propelled colloid in a dissipative environment. Experiments and simulations show that, in the presence of boundaries and obstacles, active Brownian particle systems approach nontrivial nonequilibrium steady states with intriguing phenomenology, such as accumulation at boundaries, ratchet effects, and long-range depletion interactions. Nevertheless, theoretical analysis of these phenomena has proven difficult. Here we address this theoretical challenge in the context of non-interacting particles in two dimensions, basing our analysis on the steady-state Smoluchowski equation for the 1-particle distribution function. Our primary result is an approximation strategy that explicitly connects asymptotic solutions of the Smoluchowski equation to boundary conditions. We test this approximation against the exact analytic solution in a 2d planar geometry as well as numerical solutions in circular and elliptic geometries. We find good agreement so long as the boundary conditions do not vary too rapidly with respect to the persistence length of particle trajectories. Our results are relevant for characterizing long-range flows and depletion interactions in such systems. In particular, our framework shows how such behaviors are connected to the breaking of detailed balance at the boundaries.