Spilopteron tosaense
Creators: name: Ito, Masato
name: Maeto, Kaoru
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Spilopteron
Spilopteron tosaense

description: Spilopteron tosaense (Uchida, 1934)
Figs 2 j–k, 3j, 4j–k, 5j–k, 6j, 7q–r, 8i
Siphimedia apicalis f. tosaensis Uchida, 1934: 53. Type locality: Japan, Kochi Pref.
Siphimedia apicalis var. yakushimemsis Uchida, 1934: 53. Synonymized by Townes et al. (1965).
Spilopteron tosensis – Townes et al. 1965: 39. — Kusigemati 1981: 121.
Spilopteron apicalis – Kusigemati 1981: 118 (in part).
Spilopteron tosaense – Yu et al. 2005, 2012. — Ito et al. 2015: p. 547.
Material examined
JAPAN: 1 ♀ (holotype of Siphimedia apicalis f. tosaensis), Mt Koeda, Kochi Pref., 12 Jul. 1933, Y. Sugihara (SEHU); 1 ♀ (holotype of Siphimedia apicalis f. yakushimensis), Hananoegawa, Kuriu, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 31 Jul. 1929, H. Hori (SEHU); 1 ♀, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, 26 Jul.–2 Aug. 2008, K. Konishi (EUM); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 4–11 Aug., 2008, K. Konishi (EUM); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 20–27 Jul. 2010, K. Konishi (EUM); 3 ♀♀, same locality, 25 Jul.–1 Aug. 2011, K. Konishi (EUM); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 1–8 Aug. 2011, K. Konishi (EUM); 5 ♀♀, same locality, 25 Jul.–1 Aug. 2012, K. Konishi (LC041271 EUM); 3 ♀♀, same locality, 1–8 Aug. 2012, K. Konishi (EUM); 3 ♀♀, Oyubari, Yubari-shi, Hokkaido, 24 Jul.–24 Aug. 2006, A. Ueda (OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 3–17 Aug. 2007, A. Ueda (OMNH); 1 ♀, Ashoro-cho, Hokkaido, 17 Jul.–7 Aug. 2008, A. Ueda (OMNH); 1 ♀, Takinoshita, Kuriyama-cho, Hokkaido, 16 Jul.–5 Aug. 2009, A. Ueda (OMNH); 1 ♀, Mt Hakkodasan, Aomori Pref., 15 Aug. 1927, T. Uchida (SEHU); 1 ♀, Kodomari Peninsula, Nakadomaricho, Aomori Pref., 28 Jul. 2013, D. Kato (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Okawa, Nishimeya-mura, Aomori Pref., 25 Jul.–6 Aug. 2013, T. Nakamura (EUM); 2 ♀♀, Kawaratai, Nishimeya-mura, Aomori Pref., 4–19 Aug. 2011, T. Nakamura (EUM); 1 ♀, Mt Hakaseyama, Showa-mura, Fukushima Pref., 29 Jun.–26 Jul. 1998, T. Muroi and S. Morishita (MU); 1 ♀, Mt Nokogiriyama, Suyoshi-cho, Nagaoka-shi, Niigata Pref., 21 Jul.–21 Aug. 2014, So Shimizu and R. Shimizu (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Mt Houhyousan, Oda, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki Pref., 28 Jun.–2 Aug. 2013, S. Shimizu (NSMT); 1 ♂, Mt Togarisengen, Tojoji, Tsuchiura-shi, Ibaraki Pref., 1 Jul.–5 Aug. 2014, S. Shimizu (NSMT); 1 ♀, Kurabuchi-mura, Takasaki-shi, Gunma Pref., 2 Aug. 2002, H. Suzuki (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Ayuta, Mogi-machi, Tochigi Pref., 23 Jul. 2011, M. Inaizumi (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Otaki-mura, Chichibu-shi, Saitama Pref., 13–14 Jul. 2002, T. Nambu (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Irikawa forest road, Otaki-mura, Chichibu-shi, Saitama Pref., 20–21 Jul. 2013, N. Kikuchi (NSMT); 2 ♂♂, Shiraishi-toge, Higashichichibu-mura, Saitama Pref., 20 Jul. 2013, N. Kikuchi (NSMT); 1 ♂, Manazuru, Manazuru-cho, Kanagawa Pref., 30 Jun. 2013, K. Watanabe (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Tanzawa, Kanagawa Pref., 21 Aug. 1993, K. Kudo (NIAES); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Otone-toge, Hankone, Kanagawa Pref., 27 Jul. 1999, H. Nagase (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Mt Koboyama, Hadano-shi, Kanagawa Pref., 28 Jun. 2008, K. Watanabe (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Fudago, Kimitsu-shi, Chiba Pref., 18 Jul. 2010, S. Tsuyuki (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Takekura, Mishima-shi, Shizuoka Pref., 23 Jun.–8 Jul. 2012, A. Ishikawa (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Inatori, Higashiizu-shi, Shizuoka Pref., 7 Jul. 2009, T. Muraki (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Biwakubo-zawa, Masutomi, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi Pref., 8 Aug. 2008, K. Watanabe (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Tano, Yamato-cho, Koshu-shi, Yamanashi Pref., 5 Aug. 2008, K. Watanabe (KPMNH); 2 ♀♀, Maruno-cho, Nirasaki-shi, Yamanashi Pref., 26 Jun.–20 Jul. 2007, K. Hosoda (OMNH); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 30 Jul.–30 Aug. 2008, K. Hosoda (OMNH); 3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂, 1 Aug.–10 Oct. 2007, K. Hosoda (OMNH); 8 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Mt Kariyasuyama, Kaga-cho, Ishikawa Pref., 28 Jun.–19 Jul. 2002, K. Esaki (NIAES); 4 ♀♀, same locality, 19–31 Jul. 2002, K. Esaki (NIAES); 3 ♀♀, same locality, 18–30 Jul. 2002, K. Esaki (NIAES); 1 ♀, Kute, Nyukawa-cho, Takayama-shi, Gifu Pref., 4 Aug. 2013, S. Fujie (NSMT); 2 ♀♀, Nabedaira-kogen, Takayama-shi, Gifu Pref., 13 Aug. 2013, M. Ito (LC041284 NSMT); 1 ♀, Sugadaira-kogen, Ueda-shi, nagano Pref., 10 Aug. 2012, D. Kato (LC041277 KPMNH); 1 ♂, same locality, 18 Aug. 2012, D. Kato (KPMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 8 Aug.–3 Sep. 2014, S. Shimizu (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Utsukushimatsu, Daimon, Nagawa-cho, Nagano Pref., 26 Aug. 2011, S. Fujie (OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 22 Aug. 2012, S. Fujie (LC041280 OMNH); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, Ontake-kogen, Outaki-mura, Nagano Pref., 31 Jul. 2013, M. Ito (NIAES); 4 ♀♀, Yawata, Asahi-cho, Aichi Pref., 18–28 Jul. 1998, M. Ozawa (MU); 3 ♀♀, Sanage, Toyota-shi, Aichi Pref., 8–14 Jul. 2002, M. Kiyota (MU); 2 ♀♀, Tanoshiri, Asuke, Aichi Pref., 28 Jun.–5 Jul. 2005, M. Kato (MU); 2 ♀♀, Ouda, Iitaka, Matsusaka-shi, Mie Pref., 2 Sep. 2012, E. Nishida (OMNH); 2 ♀♀, same locality, 7 Aug. 2011, E. Nishida (OMNH); 3 ♀♀, same locality, 13 Aug. 2011, E. Nishida (OMNH); 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Oohora, Misugi-mura, Tsu-shi, Mie Pref., 24 Jul. 2011, E. Nishida (OMNH); 5 ♀♀, Mt Tadosan, Kuwana-shi, Mie Pref., 11 Jun. 2009, A. Kawazoe (EUM); 11 ♀♀, same locality, 12 Jul. 2009, A. Kawazoe (EUM); 1 ♀, Mt Syakagatake, Totsukawa-mura, Nara Pref., 10 Aug. 2013, M. Ito (SEHU); 4 ♀♀, same locality, 20 Jul.–11 Aug. 2013, S. Fujie and T. Hirooka (SEHU); 1 ♀, Mt Wasamatayama, Kamikitayama-mura, Nara Pref., 26 Jul. 2010, M. Ito (SEHU); 1 ♀, Mt Odaigaharayama, Kamikitayama-mura, Nara Pref., 8–15 Aug. 2005, A. Kawazoe (OMNH); 1 ♀, Mt Horaisan, Otsu-shi, Shiga Pref., 16 Aug. 2008, T. Yoshida (SEHU); 1 ♂, same locality, 29 Jul. 2008, S. Fujie (SEHU); 1 ♀, Kamigamo-honzan, Kita-ku, Kyoto Pref., 7 Aug. 2011, M. Ito (OMNH); 1 ♀, Hanase-toge, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto Pref., 30 Jul. 2008, N. Nakahama (OMNH); 1 ♂, same locality, 22 Jul. 2004, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Amidagamine, Imakumano, Higashiyama, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto Pref., 4 Jul. 2003, H. Ohishi (OMNH); 1 ♂, Baba, Kaizuka-shi, Osaka Pref., 20–30 Jun. 2003, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Saigahara, Minoo-shi, Osaka Pref., 21 Jul.– 16 Aug. 2006, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 9 ♀♀, Niryou, Takatsuki-shi, Osaka Pref., 30 Jun.–4 Aug. 2013, S. Fujie (OMNH); 1 ♂, Oishi-kogen, Wakayama Pref., 15 Jul. 1994, K. Tenma (OMNH); 1 ♂, Mt Koyasan, Koya-cho, Wakayama Pref., 20 Jul. 1999, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♂, Otousan, Hongu-cho, Wakayama Pref., 13 Jun. 1999, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 2 ♂, Hansarei, Otou-mura, Wakayama Pref., R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 15 ♀♀, 7 ♂♂, Niiya, Kami-cho, Hyogo Pref., 16 Jun.–14 Jul. 2013, M. Ito and S. Fujie (OMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 26 Jun.–18 Jul. 2011 (OMNH); 1 ♂, same locality, 17 Jul. 2011, S. Fujie (OMNH); 1 ♀, Akasai-keikoku, Haga-cho, Hyogo Pref., 4 Aug. 2003, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 2 ♂, Yokoiki-keikoku, Mt Hyonosen, Yabu-shi, Hyogo Pref., 13 Jul. 2013, M. Ito (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Odanganaru, Mt Hyonosen, Wakasa-cho, Tottori Pref., 6 Aug. 2011, K. Watanabe (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Mt Kakezuyama, Geihoku-cho, Hiroshima Pref., 18 Jul. 1998, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Mt Takanawasan, Ehime Pref., 11 Aug. 2013, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂, Oda-cho, Ehime Pref., 5 Jul. 1997, E. Yamamoto (EUM); 1 ♀, same locality, 23 Jul. 1997, E. Yamamoto (EUM); 1 ♂, Odamiyama, Namakusadani, Ehime Pref., 16 Jun.1998, E. Yamamoto (OMNH); 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Mt Kanpuzan, Ino-cho, Kochi Pref., 31 Jul. 2006, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 2 ♀♀, Teragawa, Kochi Pref., 18 Jul. 1933, Y. Sugihara (SEHU); 2 ♂♂, Otoyo-co, Kochi Pref., 22–25 Jul. 2013, S. Fujie (OMNH); 1 ♀, Hongawa, Kochi Pref., Jul. 1932, H. Wada (SEHU); 1 ♀, Mt Kuishi, Kochi Pref., 1 Jul. 1931, S. Nakayama (SEHU); 1 ♀, Ohira, Okawa-mura, Kochi Pref., 21 Aug. 2000, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Otaki, Izumi-mura, Kumamoto Pref., 15 Jul. 1999, no data (OMNH); 1 ♀, Gokanosyo, Yatsushiroshi, Kumamoto Pref., 12 Aug. 2011, T. Kawano (SEHU); 1 ♀, same locality, 1 Aug. 1976 (SEHU); 1 ♀, Mt Hikosan, Fukuoka Pref., 28–29 Jul. 2007, T. Mita (KPMNH); 1 ♂, Kamishikagawa, Kitagata-machi, Miyazaki Pref., 21 Jul. 2008, K. Katsura (OMNH); 1 ♂, Izuhara, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 14 Jul. 1992, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Mt Taterasan, Izuhara-cho, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 12 Aug. 2001, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Shiratake, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 25 Jul. 1994, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 1 ♀, Mitake, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 14 Aug. 1993, R. Matsumoto (OMNH); 2 ♀♀, Sago, Kamiagata-cho, Tsushima Is., Nagasaki Pref., 5 Jul. 2014, S. Fujie (OMNH); 1 ♂, Senpironotaki, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 8 Jul. 2010, T. Maeda (KPMNH); 1 ♀, Okawa-falls, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 14 Jul. 1994, T. Yamauchi (OMNH); 1 ♀, Shiratani, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 9 Aug.–2 Sep. 2000, T. Murata and K. Nojima (MU); 2 ♂♂, same locality, 21 Jun.–9 Jul. 2000, T. Murata and K. Nojima (MU); 1 ♀, Nagata, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 28 Jun. 2012, M. Ito (KPMNH); 5 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, same locality, 29 Jun. 2012, M. Ito (LC041298, LC041299, LC041300) (SEHU, KPMNH); 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂, same locality, 2 Jul. 2012, M. Ito (OMNH); 7 ♀♀, Mt Aikodake, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 28 Jun. 2012, M. Ito (KPMNH); 1 ♀, same locality, 29 Jun. 2012, M. Ito (SEHU); 3 ♀♀, same locality, 3 Jul. 2012, M. Ito (OMNH); 1 ♂, Harumaki, Anbo, Yakushima Is., Kagoshima Pref., 21 Jun. 2012, Y. Kudo (KPMNH).
Differential diagnosis
As shown in Ito et al. (2015), this species has a distinct geographical gradient in body color across the Japanese Archipelago. For that reason, this species had long been confused with S. apicale (see remarks on S. apicale).
Description
Female (n = 181)
BODY LENGTH. 13.0–17.0 mm.
VERTEX. 0.4–0.6 times as long as maximum length of eye in dorsal view. Frons without a depression between eye and antennal socket in frontal view (Fig. 2 j–k). Clypeus 0.6–0.7 times as long as wide, with three weak projections (Figs 2 j–k, 3j). Face 0.6–0.7 times as long as wide. Length of malar space 0.9–1.2 times as long as basal mandibular width. Ocello-ocular line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.5–1.8. Postocellar line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.1–1.3. Antenna with 33–35 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.3–1.4 times as long as second flagellomere.
MESOSOMA. Propleuron densely punctate (Fig. 5 j–k). Lateral area of pronotum densely punctate and transversely striate medially (Fig. 5 j–k). Collar weakly and sparsely punctate. Mesoscutum densely punctate. Subalar prominence extensively punctate (Fig. 5 j–k). Scutellum densely punctate in dorsal view. Postscutellum roundly convex in lateral view (Fig. 5 j–k). Metapleuron densely punctate (Fig. 8i). Propodeum indistinctly carinate (Fig. 6j). Area externa densely punctate (Fig. 6j). Area basalis polished (Fig. 6j). Area dentipara, area posteroexterna and area petiolaris confluent with area superomedia (Fig. 6j). Fore wing length 11.5–15.5 mm. Vein cu-a basad of vein Rs&M (Fig. 4 j–k). Vein rs-m opposite or basad of vein 2m-cu (Fig. 4 j–k). Hind femur 4.0–4.3 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view, without distinct convexity ventrally. Hind tibia 10.6–12.2 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. First hind tarsomere 2.4–2.5 times as long as second and 2.7–3.2 times as long as longer hind tibial spur.
METASOMA. T1 2.4–2.8 times as long as maximum width, 2.1–2.6 times as long as T2. T2 0.7 times as long as maximum width. T1 weakly and sparsely punctate. T2–T8 weakly and densely punctate. S1 without distinct sharp projection basally. Ovipositor sheath 1.5–1.8 times as long as hind tibia.
COLOR. Body black to yellowish brown (Fig. 5 j–k). Antennal flagellum with a white band. Inner margin of eye, clypeus, basal part of mandible, fore and mid legs, hind legs, and basal part of T1 yellowish brown to black. Fore wing with an apical dark mark extended downwards, and in some individuals with a dark mark below the pterostigma (Fig. 4 j–k).
Male (n = 66; genitalia, n = 4)
Similar to female. Body length 12.0–17.0 mm. Head 0.6 times as long as wide in dorsal view. Clypeus 0.7–0.8 times as long as wide. Face 0.5–0.8 times as long as wide. Ocello-ocular line/lateral ocellar diameter = 1.2–1.5. Antenna with 37–43 flagellomeres; first flagellomere 1.2–1.3 times as long as second flagellomere. Hind femur 4.3–4.8 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. Hind tibia 11.0–13.2 times as long as maximum depth in lateral view. First hind tarsomere 1.9–2.3 times as long as second and 3.3–4.3 times as long as longer hind tibial spur. T1 2.5–2.9 times as long as maximum width, 1.9–2.2 times as long as T2. T2 0.9–1.0 times as long as maximum width. Body invariably yellow with dark stripes.
Subgenital plate hexagonal with basal angle obtuse (Fig. 8i). Paramere short, basal part strongly projecting towards base of subgenital plate (Fig. 7q). Aedeagus gently curved, its penis valve ca 2.0 times as long as basal apodeme (Fig. 7r).
Distribution
Japan (Hokkaido *, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima Is.* and Yakushima Is.) and China. *New records.
Bionomics
Host unknown, although in Honshu the first author (M.I.) often observed females ovipositing into coniferous trunks, into which a Cerambycidae (Leptura ochraceofasciata (Motschulsky, 1861)) was also ovipositing. Adults fly from June to August, visiting flowers of Angelica pubescens and Aralia cordata.
description: Published as part of Ito, Masato & Maeto, Kaoru, 2017, Revision of the genus Spilopteron Townes, 1965 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) from Japan, pp. 1-33 in European Journal of Taxonomy 356 on pages 25-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.356, http://zenodo.org/record/3836333