cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Master's Degree Thesis in Social Anthropology (PPGAS/National Museum/ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro): From Bronx to Realengo: an ethnography on "Sagrada Terça-Feira Rap" at Realengo Flyover Cultural Centre
Creators: name: Barros, Caio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160104 Social and Cultural Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This thesis is based on an ethonography carried out over a period of approximately seven months (between April 2019 and November 2019) at the "Sagrada Terça-Feira Rap", which takes place at the Realengo Flyover Cultural Centre in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro. Accompanying a group of young rap fighters - mostly black men - I was able to witness their dynamics of contention in blood freestyle battles - in relation to rhymes and public performance - the resignified and spatially transforming relationship and meanings that rap and hip hop take on this moviment of ocuppation of an urban gap through a rap battle.
Asymmetric induction in the photochemistry of α-oxoamides and bicycle aryl ketones
Creators: name: Wang, Keyan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Enantioselective photochemical synthesis of a β-lactam (methyl 4-[3-hydroxy-2,2- dimethyl-l-(l-methylethyl)-4-oxo-3-azetidinyl]benzoate) was investigated via the ionic chiral auxiliary method. Solid state photolysis of the chiral salts formed from optically pure amines and the achiral α-oxoamide reactant containing a carboxylic acid functional group gave variable results, but through the use of a number of auxiliaries it was possible to achieve a high degree of enantioselectivity in the β-lactam (up to 99 % ee at 99 % conversion of the starting α-oxoamide). Suspension of the prolinamide salt in hexane allowed the photoreaction to be carried out on a 500 mg scale, thus demonstrating the synthetic utility of the solid state ionic chiral auxiliary approach to asymmetric synthesis. The covalent chiral auxiliary method was also investigated for asymmetric synthesis of the β-lactam. Solid state photolysis of a chiral ester formed from an optically pure alcohol and the achiral α -oxoamide gave up to 95% de at 100 % conversion. Suspension of the chiral ester in water allowed the photoreaction to be carried out on a 200 mg scale. X-ray crystallographic data from a number of α-oxoamides provided insight on the origin of the observed enantioselectivity/diastereoselectivity. The prediction of the absolute configuration of the β-lactam based on the topochemical control principle was validated by crystal structure-reactivity correlations. Asymmetric induction in the Norrish/Yang photochemistry of a series of three bicyclic aryl ketones, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl ketones, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ketones and dimethylated bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ketones, was also studied by using the ionic chiral auxiliary method. Photolysis of the chiral salts in the crystalline state gave high ee's for bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl ketones, high de's for bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ketones, and both high ee's and de's for dimethylated bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl ketones. Through the use of X-ray crystallography, the solid state reactivities were rationalized based on topochemical expectations with the aid of strain energy calculations on the photoproducts. Non-topochemical reactions were also found in this study. Molecular mechanics calculations were conducted to predict the solid state conformations of the substrates prior to the laboratory work. The calculations were successful in the prediction of enantioselectivity for the three bicyclic aryl ketones investigated. In this way, molecular mechanics serves as a basis for crystal engineering in asymmetric synthesis.
The MC2 Project [Machines of Collective Conscience]: A possible walk, up to Life-like Complexity and Behaviour, from bottom, basic and simple bio-inspired heuristics - a walk, up into the morphogenesis of information
Creators: name: Ramos, Vitorino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11

description: Synergy (from the Greek word synergos), broadly defined, refers to combined or co-operative effects produced by two or more elements (parts or individuals). The definition is often associated with the holistic conviction quote that "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" (Aristotle, in Metaphysics), or the whole cannot exceed the sum of the energies invested in each of its parts (e.g. first law of thermodynamics) even if it is more accurate to say that the functional effects produced by wholes are different from what the parts can produce alone. Synergy is a ubiquitous phenomena in nature and human societies alike. One well know example is provided by the emergence of self-organization in social insects, via direct or indirect interactions. The latter types are more subtle and defined as stigmergy to explain task coordination and regulation in the context of nest reconstruction in termites. An example, could be provided by two individuals, who interact indirectly when one of them modifies the environment and the other responds to the new environment at a later time. In other words, stigmergy could be defined as a particular case of environmental or spatial synergy. The system is purely holistic, and their properties are intrinsically emergent and autocatalytic. On the present work we present a "machine" where there is no precommitment to any particular representational scheme: the desired behaviour is distributed and roughly specified simultaneously among many parts, but there is minimal specification of the mechanism required to generate that behaviour, i.e. the global behaviour evolves from the many relations of multiple simple behaviours.
description: 14 pages, Project at http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/MC2.html
A Profile of the Eastern Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The Eastern Cape agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 1.7% of the Eastern Cape value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.9% of the population in the Eastern Cape is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is dominated by Africans and that employment in the Eastern Cape agricultural sector is on a decreasing trend, despite the increase between 2004 and 2006. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes except for the White farmers/farm workers who earn more than their counterparts in other sectors. Poverty is extremely high for African workers in the Eastern Cape agricultural sector but has decreased since 2000. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows no improvement since 2000, actually a widening in the inequality gap, with a high in-between race inequality and lower within race inequality in the Eastern Cape agricultural sector. Throughout the report the Eastern Cape agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, Eastern Cape overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the Eastern Cape agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the Eastern Cape agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
An Overview of the Performance of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory
Creators: name: Weisskopf, M. C.
name: Aldcroft, T. L.
name: Bautz, M.
name: Cameron, R. A.
name: Dewey, D.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Grant, C. E.
name: Marshall, H. L.
name: Murray, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chandra X-ray Observatory is the X-ray component of NASA's Great Observatory Program which includes the recently launched Spitzer Infrared Telescope, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) for observations in the visible, and the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) which, after providing years of useful data has reentered the atmosphere. All these facilities provide, or provided, scientific data to the international astronomical community in response to peer-reviewed proposals for their use. The Chandra X-ray Observatory was the result of the efforts of many academic, commercial, and government organizations primarily in the United States but also in Europe. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) manages the Project and provides Project Science; Northrop Grumman Space Technology (NGST -- formerly TRW) served as prime contractor responsible for providing the spacecraft, the telescope, and assembling and testing the Observatory; and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) provides technical support and is responsible for ground operations including the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC). Telescope and instrument teams at SAO, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), the Pennsylvania State University (PSU), the Space Research Institute of the Netherlands (SRON), the Max-Planck Institut fur extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), and the University of Kiel also provide technical support to the Chandra Project. We present here a detailed description of the hardware, its on-orbit performance, and a brief overview of some of the remarkable discoveries that illustrate that performance.
description: 71 pages, 66 Figures, accepted for Experimental Astronomy
Vortex dynamics and transport phenomena in stenotic aortic models using Echo-PIV
Creators: name: Brum, Javier
name: Bernal, Miguel
name: Barrere, Nicasio
name: Negreira, Carlos
name: Cabeza, Cecilia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we propose a novel approach which combines ultrasound with Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptors, to analyse blood flow dynamics and fluid transport in stenotic aortic models with morphology, mechanical and optical properties close to those of real arteries. To this end, vorticity, particle residence time (PRT), particle's final position (FP) and finite time Lyapunov's exponents (FTLE) were computed from the experimental fluid velocity fields acquired using ultrasonic particle imaging velocimetry (Echo-PIV). For the experiments, CT-images were used to create morphological realistic models of the descending aorta with 0%, 35% and 50% occlusion degree with same mechanical properties as real arteries. Each model was connected to a circuit with a pulsatile programmable pump which mimics physiological flow and pressure conditions. The pulsatile frequency was set to 0.9 Hz (55 bpm) and the upstream peak Reynolds number (Re) was changed from 1100 to 2000. Flow in the post-stenotic region was composed of two main structures: a high velocity jet over the stenosis throat and a recirculation region behind the stenosis where vortex form and shed. We characterized vortex kinematics showing that vortex propagation velocity increases with Re. Moreover, from the FTLE field we identified Lagrangian Coherent Structures (i.e. material barriers) that dictate transport behind the stenosis. The size and strength of those barriers increased with Re and the occlusion degree. Finally, from the PRT and FP, we showed that independently of Re, the same amount of fluid remains on the stenosis over more than a pulsatile period, which combined with large FTLE values may provide an alternative way to understand stenosis growth.
description: This is the version of the article before peer review or editing, as submitted by an author to Physics in Medicine and Biology.â€¯ IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it.â€¯ The Version of Record is available online at the linked DOI
A Profile of the Northern Cape Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Uchezuba, David Ifeanyi
name: Bashi, Molao
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Uchezuba, David Ifeanyi
name: Bashi, Molao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size
subject: and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The Northern Cape agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 7% of the Northern Cape value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 5.4% of the population in the Northern Cape is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the African and Coloured individuals and that employment in the Northern Cape agricultural sector is on a decreasing trend. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes except for the White farmers/farm workers who earn more than their counterparts in other sectors. Poverty is extremely high for Coloured workers in the Northern Cape agricultural sector but has decreased since 2000. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows no improvement since 2000 with a high in-between race inequality and lower within race inequality in the Northern Cape agricultural sector. Throughout the report the Northern Cape agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, Northern Cape overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the Northern Cape agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the Northern Cape agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
Spin-polarized superconductivity: order parameter topology, current dissipation, and multiple-period Josephson effect
Creators: name: Cornfeld, Eyal
name: Rudner, Mark S.
name: Berg, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss transport properties of fully spin-polarized triplet superconductors, where only electrons of one spin component (along a certain axis) are paired. Due to the structure of the order parameter space, wherein phase and spin rotations are intertwined, a configuration where the superconducting phase winds by $4π$ in space is topologically equivalent to a configuration with no phase winding. This opens the possibility of supercurrent relaxation by a smooth deformation of the order parameter, where the order parameter remains non-zero at any point in space throughout the entire process. During the process, a spin texture is formed. We discuss the conditions for such processes to occur and their physical consequences. In particular, we show that when a voltage is applied, they lead to an unusual alternating-current Josephson effect whose period is an integer multiple of the usual Josephson period. These conclusions are substantiated in a simple time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for the dynamics of the order parameter. One of the potential applications of our analysis is for moiré systems, such as twisted bilayer and double bilayer graphene, where superconductivity is found in the vicinity of ferromagnetism.
description: 12+7 pages, 6 figures
Interplay of instabilities in mounded surface growth
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Buddhapriya
name: Dasgupta, Chandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study a one-dimensional conserved growth equation with competing linear (Ehrlich-Schwoebel) and nonlinear instabilities. As a control parameter is varied, this model exhibits a non-equilibrium phase transition between two mounded states, one of which exhibits slope selection and the other does not. The coarsening behavior of mounds in these two phases is studied in detail. In the absence of noise the steady-state configuration depends crucially on which of the two instabilities dominates the early time behavior.
description: 5 pages, 6 eps figures
Mortality from liver diseases attributable to hepatitis B and C in the EU/EEA – descriptive analysis and estimation of 2015 baseline
Creators: name: Mårdh, Otilia
name: Quinten, Chantal
name: Amato-Gauci, Andrew J.
name: Duffell, Erika
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: WHO has set target to reduce mortality attributable to hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) by 65% by 2030, with 2015 as baseline. We aimed to describe the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) baseline mortality from liver diseases, as defined by WHO Core-10 indicator through ICD-10 codes, and estimate mortality attributable to HBV and HCV. Methods: Age-standardised mortality rates per 100,000 for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, ICD-10 C22.0), chronic liver disease (CLD, ICD-10 K72-K75) and chronic viral hepatitis B and C (CHB/CHC, ICD-10 B18.1-B18.3) were calculated by gender, age-group and country using 2015 Eurostat data. Because aetiology fraction (AF) estimates were lacking for HCC and CLD as defined by C10, number of deaths in EU/EEA countries in 2015 from liver cancer (ICD-10 C22) and ‘cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases’ (ICD-10 B18–B18.9, I85–I85.9, I98.2, K70–K70.3, K71.7, K74–K74.9, K75.2, K75.4–K76.2, K76.4–K76.9 and K77.8) were adjusted by corresponding AF estimates from Global Burden of Disease publications. Results: In 2015, there were wide variations across countries in mortality rates from HCC, CLD and CHB/CHC. A 2015 mortality baseline of 63,927 deaths attributable to HBV and HCV is proposed, that includes 55% of liver cancer and 45% of ‘cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases’ deaths. Conclusions: The HBV and HCV attributable mortality in the EU/EEA is high. Greater efforts are needed to identify HBV and HCV infections at an early stage and link cases to care to reduce mortality from liver diseases. Country-specific AF estimates are needed to accurately estimate HBV, HCV associated mortality.
Phase transition induced by traffic lights on a single lane road
Creators: name: Chacoma, A.
name: Kuperman, M. N.
name: Abramson, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the effect of a traffic light system on the flow of a single lane road by proposing a traffic model based on a cellular automaton that also includes behavioral considerations. We focus on the macroscopic characterization of the system by studying the changes in vehicle density and the occurrence of jams. In this context we observe and characterize a phase transition between the free flow and jammed states. This transition is induced by the instabilities originated by the vehicles stopping at the traffic lights. Moreover, we analyze the effect of these instabilities on the critical density of vehicles at which the transition occurs as a function of two parameters: (i) the in-flow of cars, (ii) the drivers' behavior. For the latter we observe that the traffic light perturbations feedback on the drivers behavior can lead the system to different scenarios, which are also analyzed.
The targum (1954:Feb. 5 - 1954:Feb. 26)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1954

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Avoided crossings in driven systems
Creators: name: Holder, Benjamin P.
name: Reichl, Linda E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the avoided crossings in a two-parameter, time-periodic system which has been the basis for a wide variety of experiments. By studying these avoided crossings in the near-integrable regime, we are able to determine scaling laws for the dependence of their characteristic features on the non-integrability parameter. As an application of these results, the influence of avoided crossings on dynamical tunneling is described and applied to the recent realization of multiple-state tunneling in an experimental system.
description: 32 pages, 13 figures; Submitted to Phys. Rev. A, 8/8/2005
The ERIЯƎ Theory: Phase Coherence and the Photoelectric Effect – A Computational Interpretation
Creators: name: DanBrasilP
Publisher: name: Github
Year: 2025
Subjects: Quantum Foundations
Photoelectric Effect
Planck Constant
ERIRE Theory
Rotational Coherence
Phase Transition
Quantum Simulation
Quantum Geometry

description: This article presents a simulation based on the ERIЯƎ theoretical framework to reinterpret the photoelectric effect using rotational phase coherence. Instead of relying on photon-particle collisions, the model describes electron emission as a result of geometric phase transitions between coherent rotational states. The Planck constant emerges dynamically from the slope of the energy-frequency relation, offering a deterministic foundation for quantization. Results reproduce Einstein’s equation and predict photoemission thresholds under various conditions. Full source code is openly available at: https://github.com/DanBrasilP/ERIRE
Nonlocal Effective Electromagnetic Wave Characteristics of Composite Media: Beyond the Quasistatic Regime
Creators: name: Torquato, Salvatore
name: Kim, Jaeuk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact nonlocal expressions for the effective dielectric constant tensor ${\boldsymbol \varepsilon}_e({\bf k}_I, ω)$ of disordered two-phase composites and metamaterials from first principles. This formalism extends the long-wavelength limitations of conventional homogenization estimates of ${\boldsymbol \varepsilon}_e({\bf k}_I, ω)$ for arbitrary microstructures so that it can capture spatial dispersion well beyond the quasistatic regime (where $ω$ and ${\bf k}_I$ are frequency and wavevector of the incident radiation). This is done by deriving nonlocal strong-contrast expansions that exactly account for multiple scattering for the range of wavenumbers for which our extended homogenization theory applies, i.e., $0 \le |{\bf k}_I| \ell \lesssim 1$ (where $\ell$ is a characteristic heterogeneity length scale). Due to the fast-convergence properties of such expansions, their lower-order truncations yield accurate closed-form approximate formulas for ${\varepsilon}_e({\bf k}_I,ω)$ that incorporate microstructural information via the spectral density, which is easy to compute for any composite. The accuracy of these microstructure-dependent approximations is validated by comparison to full-waveform simulation methods for both 2D and 3D ordered and disordered models of composite media. Thus, our closed-form formulas enable one to predict accurately and efficiently the effective wave characteristics well beyond the quasistatic regime without having to perform full-blown simulations. Among other results, we show that certain disordered hyperuniform particulate composites exhibit novel wave characteristics. Our results demonstrate that one can design the effective wave characteristics of a disordered composite by engineering the microstructure to possess tailored spatial correlations at prescribed length scales.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures (revised after the review process)
A Profile of the Free State Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Phaladi, Sepitle Frans
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Phaladi, Sepitle Frans
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size
subject: and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The Free State agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 4.2% of the Free State value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.3% of the population in the Free State is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the African individuals and that employment in the Free State agricultural sector is on a decreasing trend. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes except for the White farmers/farm workers who earn more than their counterparts in other sectors. Poverty is extremely high for African workers in the Free State agricultural sector and although it decreased since 2000, it showed an increase in 2007. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows no improvement since 2000 with a high in-between race inequality and lower within race inequality in the Free State agricultural sector. Throughout the report the Free State agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, Free State overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the Free State agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the Free State agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy of intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies at $z \sim 3-4$
Creators: name: Sato, Riku A.
name: Inoue, Akio K.
name: Harikane, Yuichi
name: Shimakawa, Rhythm
name: Sugahara, Yuma
name: Tamura, Yoichi
name: Hashimoto, Takuya
name: Ito, Kei
name: Yamanaka, Satoshi
name: Mawatari, Ken
name: Fudamoto, Yoshinobu
name: Ren, Yi W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of three intermediate-mass quiescent galaxies (QGs) with stellar masses of $\sim10^{10}M_{\rm \odot}$ at redshifts $z\sim 3 - 4$ using NIRSpec low-resolution spectroscopy. Utilising the SED fitting code BAGPIPES, we confirm these target galaxies are consistent with quiescent population, with their specific star formation rates (sSFR) falling below 2-dex the star-forming main sequence at the same redshifts. Additionally, we identify these QGs to be less massive than those discovered in previous works, particularly prior to the JWST era. Two of our target galaxies exhibit the potentially-blended H$α$+[NII] emission line within their spectra with $S/N>5$. We discuss whether this feature comes from an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) or star formation although future high-resolution spectroscopy is required to reach a conclusion. One of the target galaxies is covered by JWST/NIRCam imaging of the PRIMER survey. Using the 2D profile fitting code Galfit, we examine its morphology, revealing a disc-like profile with a Sérsic index of $n=1.1 \pm 0.1$. On the size-mass relation, we find a potential distinction between less-massive ($\log_{10}{(M_*/M_\odot)}<10.3$) and massive ($\log_{10}{(M_*/M_\odot)}>10.3$) QGs in their evolutionary pathways. The derived quenching timescales for our targets are less than 1 Gyr. This may result from these galaxies being quenched by AGN feedback, supporting the AGN scenario of the emission line features.
description: MNRAS accepted
Bosonization of dimerized Hubbard chains
Creators: name: Mocanu, C.
name: Dzierzawa, M.
name: Schwab, P.
name: Eckern, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of Klein factors is investigated for the bosonized Hamiltonian of the dimerized Hubbard model. Contrary to previous approaches we take into account their number changing property, i.e. we do not replace them by Majorana fermions. We show how to treat Klein factors in the framework of the self-consistent harmonic approximation, both for finite systems and in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 7 pages; Proceedings ICTP 2004, Ustron, Poland
A Profile of the KwaZulu-Natal Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Buthelezi, D.J.
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Buthelezi, D.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size
subject: and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 3.9% of the KwaZulu-Natal value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 2.5% of the population in KwaZulu-Natal is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the African individuals and that employment in the KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector is on an increasing trend since 2003. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes. Poverty is extremely high for African workers in the KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector but has decreased since 2000. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows an improvement since 2000, but there is still high in-between race inequality in the KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector. Throughout the report the KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, KwaZulu-Natal overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the KwaZulu-Natal agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
CMB Fluctuation Amplitude from Dark Energy Partitions
Creators: name: Lindesay, James V.
name: Noyes, H. Pierre
name: Jones, E. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is assumed that the dark energy observed today is frozen as a result of a phase transition involving the source of that energy. Postulating that the dark energy de-coherence which results from this phase transition drives statistical variations in the energy density specifies a class of cosmological models in which the cosmic microwave background (CMB) fluctuation amplitude at last scattering is approximately $10^{-5}$.
description: 7 Pages, Poster presented at Texas@Stanford conference, Dec. 2004, minor clarifications
Degree for weakly upper semicontinuous perturbations of quasi-$m$-accretive operators
Creators: name: Kryszewski, Wojciech
name: Maciejewski, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.0
subject: 35A01 (Primary) 35D30, 47H11 (Secondary)

description: In the paper we provide the construction of a coincidence degree being a homotopy invariant detecting the existence of solutions of equations or inclusions of the form $Ax\in F(x)$, $x\in U$, where $A\colon D(A)\multimap E$ is an $m$-accretive operator in a Banach space $ E$, $F\colon K\multimap E$ is a weakly upper semicontinuous set-valued map constrained to an open subset $U$ of a closed set $K\subset E$. Two different approaches will be presented. The theory is applied to show the existence of nontrivial positive solutions of some nonlinear second order partial differential equations with discontinuities.
A Profile of the North West Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Bothloko, Constance
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Bothloko, Constance
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size
subject: and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The North West agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 2.6% of the North West value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 1.7% of the population in the North West is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities to ensure growth in agricultural industries. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the African individuals and that employment in the North West agricultural sector is on a decreasing trend. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes. Poverty is extremely high for African workers in the North West agricultural sector but has decreased since 2000. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows no improvement since 2000 with a high in-between race inequality and lower within race inequality in the North West agricultural sector. Throughout the report the North West agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, North West overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the North West agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the North West agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
A Profile of the Gauteng Province: Demographics, Poverty, Income, Inequality and Unemployment from 2000 till 2007
Creators: name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Jacobs, Elne
name: Punt, Cecilia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic Trends and Forecasts
subject: Labor Force and Employment
subject: Size
subject: and Structure
subject: Agricultural Labor Markets

description: The Gauteng agricultural sector is a dynamic and livelihood sustainable sector. Approximately 0.46% of the Gauteng value added gross domestic product comes through agriculture and 0.61% of the population in Gauteng is working in this sector. There is thus a need for macro-economic research in order to investigate potential and current challenges and opportunities. This paper examines several of these challenges namely demographic compositions, unemployment, income distribution, poverty and inequality. It will provide results from the Labour Force Surveys from 2000 until 2007 with a more in-depth look into 2007. Population and labour force statistics provide the foundation for further analysis. This paper indicates that unemployment is being dominated by the African individuals and that employment in the Gauteng agricultural sector was on a decreasing trend, but is increasing again. It shows further that income distribution is highly skewed which leads to high levels of poverty and inequality. Agricultural incomes are lowest across all races compared to non-agricultural incomes except for the White farmers/farm workers who earn more than their counterparts in other sectors. Poverty is extremely high for African workers in the Gauteng agricultural sector but has decreased since 2000 to 2006, with an increase in 2007. One of the principal concerns is that of inequality. It shows no improvement, actually a widening in the inequality gap since 2000, with a high in-between race inequality and lower within race inequality in the Gauteng agricultural sector. Throughout the report the Gauteng agricultural sector is compared to the non-agricultural sector, Gauteng overall and South Africa for a better understanding of the Gauteng agricultural sector’s position. This report indicates that the Gauteng agricultural sector could benefit from intervention and support to correct the present state of decreasing employment, low income, and high poverty and inequality levels.
Testing Primordial Non-Gaussianity in CMB Anisotropies
Creators: name: Liguori, M.
name: Hansen, F. K.
name: Komatsu, E.
name: Matarrese, S.
name: Riotto, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent second-order perturbation computations have provided an accurate prediction for the primordial gravitational potential $Φ(x)$ in scenarios in which cosmological perturbations are generated either during or after inflation. This enables us to make realistic predictions for a non-Gaussian part of $Φ(x)$, which is generically written in momentum space as a double convolution of its Gaussian part with a suitable kernel, f_NL(k1,k2). This kernel defines the amplitude and angular structure of the non-Gaussian signals and originates from the evolution of second-order perturbations after the generation of the curvature perturbation. We derive a generic formula for the CMB angular bispectrum with arbitrary f_NL(k1,k2) and examine the detectability of the primordial non-Gaussian signals from various scenarios such as single-field inflation, inhomogeneous reheating, and curvaton scenarios. Our results show that in the standard slow-roll inflation scenario the signal actually comes from the momentum-dependent part of f_NL(k1,k2), and thus it is important to include the momentum dependence in the data analysis. In the other scenarios the primordial non-Gaussianity is comparable to or larger than these post-inflationary effects. We find that WMAP cannot detect non-Gaussian signals generated by these models. Numerical calculations for l>500 are still computationally expensive, and we are not yet able to extend our calculations to Planck's angular resolution; however, there is an encouraging trend which shows that Planck may be able to detect these non-Gaussian signals.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Thermodynamic Structure of the Solar Corona: Tomographic Reconstructions and MHD Modeling
Creators: name: Lloveras, D. G.
name: Vásquez, A. M.
name: Nuevo, F. A.
name: Mac Cormack, C.
name: Sachdeva, N.
name: Manchester, W.
name: Van der Holst, B.
name: Frazin, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out a study of the global three-dimensional (3D) structure of the electron density and temperature of the quiescent inner solar corona ($r<1.25 R_\odot$) by means of tomographic reconstructions and magnetohydrodynamic simulations. We use differential emission measure tomography (DEMT) and the Alfvén Wave Solar Model (AWSoM), in their latest versions. Two target rotations were selected from the solar minimum between solar cycles (SCs) 23 and 24 and the declining phase of SC 24. We report in quantitative detail on the 3D thermodynamic structure of the core and outer layers of the streamer belt, and of the high latitude coronal holes (CH), as revealed by the DEMT analysis. We report on the presence of two types of structures within the streamer belt, loops with temperature decreasing/increasing with height (dubbed down/up loops), as reported first in previous DEMT studies. We also estimate the heating energy flux required at the coronal base to keep these structures stable, found to be or order $10^5 erg\, cm^{-2} s^{-1}$, consistently with previous DEMT and spectroscopic studies. We discuss how these findings are consistent with coronal dissipation of Alfvén waves. We compare the 3D results of DEMT and AWSoM in distinct magnetic structures. We show that the agreement between the products of both techniques is the best so far, with an overall agreement $\lesssim 20\%$, depending on the target rotation and the specific coronal region. In its current implementation the ASWsoM model can not reproduce down loops though. Also, in the source region of the fast and slow components of the solar wind, the electron density of the AWSoM model increases with latitude, opposite to the trend observed in DEMT reconstructions.
Are Food Price Differences in EU Member States a Result of the Penn Effect?
Creators: name: Fousekis, Panos
name: Fousekis, Panos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Prices
subject: Living Standards
subject: EU

description: Panel data from 14 EU member states and non parametric techniques are used in this paper to investigate the relationship between food prices and real per capita incomes. The empirical results suggest that the Penn Effect largely holds for Total Food prices but not for the prices of certain among the seven disaggregate food commodities considered. In particular, for Cereals, for Fats and Oils, and for Other food products poorer countries are likely to face prices no lower than those prevailing in richer ones
Isolation, characterisation, and total synthesis of secondary metabolites from marine sponges
Creators: name: Linington, Roger Gareth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Investigations into the chemistry of the marine sponge Caminus sphaeroconia have led to the isolation of the glycolipids caminosides A - D (35, 42, 43, 44). Bioassay guided fractionation showed this class of compounds to be active in a screen designed to identify type III secretion inhibitors. The type III secretion system is the mechanism by which a number of pathogenic bacteria achieve invasion of target human host cells. Compounds capable of disrupting the type III secretion system have the potential to eliminate this pathogenic behaviour, and it has been proposed that small molecules exhibiting this activity could find future utility as antibacterial therapeutics [Chemical Diagram] Previous investigations into the chemistry of the marine sponge Stylissa carteri led to the isolation of two novel alkaloids, latonduines A and B (66 and 67). The paucity of structural information provided by one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments and mass spectrometric analyses allowed only a tentative structural assignment to be made. Completion of a total synthesis of 66 has confirmed the proposed structure and provided material for further biological testing. [Chemical Diagram] Despite structural similarities with a number of previously reported biologically active marine alkaloids, 66 exhibited no biological activity against a range of protein kinases. In an attempt to generate a novel protein kinase inhibitor by rational drug design, synthesis of a regioisomer of 66, isolatonduine A (70), was attempted. Progress towards the synthesis of 70 will be presented. [Chemical Diagram]
Asymptotic theory for the detection of mixing in anomalous diffusion
Creators: name: Zhang, Kui
name: Didier, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we develop asymptotic theory for the mixing detection methodology proposed by M. Magdziarz and A. Weron [Physical Review E, 84:051138 (2011)]. The assumptions cover a broad family of Gaussian stochastic processes including fractional Gaussian noise and the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We show that the asymptotic distribution and convergence rates of the detection statistic may be, respectively, Gaussian or non-Gaussian and standard or nonstandard depending on the diffusion exponent. The results pave the way for mixing detection based on a single observed sample path and by means of robust hypothesis testing.