cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multiscale modelling of deformation in Co-Al-W superalloys
Creators: name: Hasan, Hikmatyar
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Since their discovery nearly thirteen years ago, Co-Al-W superalloys have emerged as the frontrunner materials to replace the ubiquitous Ni superalloys used in gas turbines, where temperatures can reach up to 1500°C. Studying the link between composition and deformation mechanisms in these alloys is important in accelerating the identification of optimal alloys. The high-temperature strength of these alloys can be attributed to their unique γ′ microstructure. Dislocation configurations can feature a variety of possible planar fault structures and their associated energies play a key role in defining the observed mechanical properties. To capture this complexity, a robust relaxation scheme has been implemented to calculate a range of Γ-surfaces associated with Co-Al-W and Ni-Al superalloys using density-functional theory. Also known as Generalised Stacking Fault energies, these 2D energy surfaces describe the energy cost of associated local atomic displacements at the dislocation core. Subsequently, the first principles data was incorporated into a Phase Field Dislocation Dynamics model to investigate the critical stress required to shear various types of microstructure. The model found that Co-Al-W superalloys were generally more resistant to shear by dislocations than Ni-Al superalloys which was due to the higher planar fault energies of the Co system. Recently, solute segregation has been experimentally observed in planar fault regions within Co-Al-W superalloys. As such, diffusion is believed to play an important role in the deformation of the material. The Phase Field model was extended to simulate diffusion concurrently with deformation. In order to do so, a novel method of calculating off-stoichiometric Γ surfaces for the Co3(Alx,W1−x) compound was also implemented. The effect of diffusion was found to be discernible at low stresses and had caused the shearing rate to decrease. This application of multi-scale modelling can be used to further the understanding of plastic deformation in superalloys and other alloys that exhibit complex microstructures.
Splice Leader sequences
Creators: name: Dumetz, Franck
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310599
subject: Genetics not elsewhere classified

description: This table summarizes all splice leader sequences I could find in the literature. The doi of the reference where the sequence was found serves as reference. This is table will be updated with new sequences if they are made available. Contact me if you want to add data to this, a new column will be added to give credit the person giving the data. This table was done on my free time and can not be associated to any funding.
CPMA: An Efficient Batch-Parallel Compressed Set Without Pointers
Creators: name: Wheatman, Brian
name: Burns, Randal
name: Buluç, Aydın
name: Xu, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces the batch-parallel Compressed Packed Memory Array (CPMA), a compressed, dynamic, ordered set data structure based on the Packed Memory Array (PMA). Traditionally, batch-parallel sets are built on pointer-based data structures such as trees because pointer-based structures enable fast parallel unions via pointer manipulation. When compared with cache-optimized trees, PMAs were slower to update but faster to scan.
 The batch-parallel CPMA overcomes this tradeoff between updates and scans by optimizing for cache-friendliness. On average, the CPMA achieves 3x faster batch-insert throughput and 4x faster range-query throughput compared with compressed PaC-trees, a state-of-the-art batch-parallel set library based on cache-optimized trees.
 We further evaluate the CPMA compared with compressed PaC-trees and Aspen, a state-of-the-art system, on a real-world application of dynamic-graph processing. The CPMA is on average 1.2x faster on a suite of graph algorithms and 2x faster on batch inserts when compared with compressed PaC-trees. Furthermore, the CPMA is on average 1.3x faster on graph algorithms and 2x faster on batch inserts compared with Aspen.
Machine learning for analysing whole-body scans
Creators: name: Valindria, Vanya
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Advances in machine learning techniques have been shown to bring benefit for analysing medical images. Whole-body scans contain multiple organs, which makes the manual annotation harder, hence the amount of data obtained is still limited. Meanwhile, machine learning needs a large amount of annotated data in order to perform well. Image segmentation is a crucial task in medical image analysis and beneficial for clinical diagnosis. One of the segmentation challenges is to infer the automatic segmentation quality between algorithms. Unfortunately, the manual annotations required to compute the segmentation accuracy are sometimes unavailable. In order to tackle this, we propose a new method to predict the segmentation evaluation on a per-case basis without annotated data. Segmenting scans acquired from different imaging centers than the one used for algorithm training, can lead to degraded segmentation results. This problem has brought the necessity of domain adaptation. We studied how to select useful samples from unlabeled target domain for supervised domain adaptation. This framework is shown to be less time-consuming with promising results to be useful in clinical practice. A novel dual-stream network is also introduced to learn useful features on unpaired images from different modalities. This network demonstrates its power in multi-modal learning to segment multiple abdominal organs on both modalities. Additionally, strategies to segment challenging small organs on whole-body scans are investigated. We show that using two-stage networks with weighting schemes is useful to solve class imbalance and multi-scale contextual information. Machine learning is not only helping the work of radiologists with faster automatic segmentation tools, but also leveraging the useful features for alleviating real clinical problems. We believe that our proposed methods could offer an important contribution to the field of medical image analysis; advancing our understanding on how machine-learning approaches could be applied in several problems in whole-body image analysis.
Shattered Time: Can a Dissipative Time Crystal Survive Many-Body Correlations?
Creators: name: Tucker, Kristopher
name: Zhu, Bihui
name: Lewis-Swan, Robert J.
name: Marino, Jamir
name: Jimenez, Felix
name: Restrepo, Juan G.
name: Rey, Ana Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the emergence of a time crystal in a driven-dissipative many-body spin array. In this system the interplay between incoherent spin pumping and collective emission stabilizes a synchronized non-equilibrium steady state which in the thermodynamic limit features a self-generated time-periodic pattern imposed by collective elastic interactions. In contrast to prior realizations where the time symmetry is already broken by an external drive, here it is only spontaneously broken by the elastic exchange interactions and manifest in the two-time correlation spectrum. Employing a combination of exact numerical calculations and a second-order cumulant expansion, we investigate the impact of many-body correlations on the time crystal formation and establish a connection between the regime where it is stable and a slow growth rate of the mutual information, signalling that the time crystal studied here is an emergent semi-classical out-of-equilibrium state of matter. We also confirm the rigidity of the time crystal to single-particle dephasing. Finally, we discuss an experimental implementation using long-lived dipoles in an optical cavity.
description: v1: Initial commit; v2: Added references, fixed a couple typos, and made some small, stylistic changes; v3: Update to reflect publication. Includes additional references and some minor additions
Additional file 1: of PLD3 epigenetic changes in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Blanco-Luquin, Idoia
name: Altuna, Miren
name: Gordoa, Javier Sánchez-Ruiz De
name: Urdánoz-Casado, Amaya
name: Roldán, Miren
name: Cámara, María
name: Zelaya, Victoria
name: Erro, María
name: Echavarri, Carmen
name: Mendioroz, Maite
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Brain sample set analyzed in our study. Table S2. RT-qPCR and bisulfite PCR primers. Table S3. Adjusted logistic regression model to predict AD status. (PDF 465 kb)
Evolution of DA white dwarfs in the context of a new theory of convection
Creators: name: Althaus, L. G.
name: Benvenuto, O. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we compute the structure and evolution of carbon-oxygen DA white dwarfs by means of a detailed and updated evolutionary code. We treat the energy transport by convection within the formalism of the full spectrum turbulence theory, as given by the Canuto, Goldman and Mazzitelli (CGM) model. We explore the effect of various hydrogen layer masses on both the surface gravity and the hydrogen burning. Convective mixing at low luminosities is also considered. One of our main interests in this work has been to study the evolution of ZZ Ceti models, with the aim of comparing the CGM and mixing length theory (MLT) predictions. In this connection, we find that the temperature profile given by the CGM model is markedly different from that of the ML1 and ML2 versions of MLT. We have also computed approximate effective temperatures for the theoretical blue edge of the DA instability strip by using thermal timescale arguments for our evolving models. In this context, we found that the CGM theory leads to blue edges that are cooler than the observed ones. However, because the determination of the atmospheric parameters of ZZ Ceti stars is dependent on the assumed convection description in model atmosphere calculation, observed blue edges computed considering the CGM theory are required in order to perform a sef consistent comparison of our results with observations. Finally, detailed pulsation calculations of ZZ Ceti models considering the CGM convection would be necessary to place the results found in this paper on a firmer basis.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. Uses mn.sty
Fourier decay of fractal measures on surfaces of co-dimension two in $\mathbb{R}^5$
Creators: name: Cao, Zhenbin
name: Miao, Changxing
name: Wang, Zijian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Fourier decay of fractal measures on surfaces plays an important role in geometric measure theory and partial differential equations. In this paper, we study the quadratic surfaces of high co-dimensions. Unlike the case of co-dimension 1, quadratic surfaces of high co-dimensions possess some special scaling structures and degenerate characteristics. We will adopt the strategy from Du and Zhang, combined with the broad-narrow analysis with different dimensions as divisions, to obtain a few lower bounds of Fourier decay of fractal measures on quadratic surfaces of co-dimension two in $\mathbb{R}^5$.
description: 41 pages
Fringilla spinus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla
Fringilla spinus

description: Fringilla spinus [spec. nov.]
F. remigibus medio luteis: primis quatuor immaculatis, rectricibus basi flavis apice nigris. Fn. svec. 203.
Acanthus avicula. Gesn. av. 1.
Spinus s. Ligurinus. Aldr. orn. l. 18. c. 4. Will. orn. 192. t. 46. Raj. av. 91. n. 1. Alb. av. 3. p. 71. t. 76. Frisch. av. 2. t. 11. f. 1. 2. Olin. av. 15.
Habitat in Europae juniperetis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 181, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Transport and Acceleration of Energetic Charged Particles near an Oblique Shock
Creators: name: Ruffolo, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a numerical simulation code that treats the transport and acceleration of charged particles crossing an idealized oblique, non-relativistic shock within the framework of pitch angle transport using a finite-difference method. We consider two applications: 1) to study the steady-state acceleration of energetic particles at an oblique shock, and 2) to explain observed precursors of Forbush decreases of galactic cosmic rays before the arrival of an interplanetary shock induced by solar activity. For the former, we find that there is a jump in the particle intensity at the shock, which is stronger for more oblique shocks. Detailed pitch angle distributions are also presented. The simple model of a Forbush decrease explains the key features of observed precursors, an enhanced diurnal anisotropy extending several mean free paths upstream of the shock and a depletion of particles in a narrow loss cone at ~0.1 mean free path from the shock. Such precursors have practical applications for space weather prediction.
description: 20 pages + 12 figures, aas2pp4.sty included, to appear in Astrophys. J. (vol. 515, no. 2, April 20, 1999)
Unsupervised learning with graph theoretical algorithms and its applications to transcriptomic data analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Zijing
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: High-throughput sequencing technologies bring a large amount of data in genomic research, with complex structure and of high dimension. With the aim of extracting meaningful knowledge from a simplified representation, we develop graph-based methods for analysing high dimensional data, focusing on clustering analysis and dimensionality reduction. We first study the problem of graph partition, which is closely connected with clustering analysis. With spectral methods, we reformulate a dynamical based multiscale graph partition framework as a max-sum vector partitioning problem. The graph nodes are embedded as vectors varying with the time of a Markov process running on the graph, which leads to multi-resolution graph partitions. Our derivation also clarifies the quantity optimised by k-means in graph partition, and establishes its connection to spectral clustering. Clustering analysis with multiscale graph partitioning is then investigated. Different methods for estimating a graph from the vector data are compared empirically on real datasets. The advantage of using multiscale graph partitioning for clustering is illustrated with both synthetic and real data. We further propose a similarity measure for time-dependent data based on a Gaussian process model. An RNA sequencing, time course dataset is analysed as an example application. Finally, we integrate the graph theoretical clustering and a graph-based dimensionality reduction method with Gaussian processes. We exemplify our approach through the analysis of a transcriptomic dataset of cellular reprogramming from B-cells to iPSCs. We extract a landscape that describes the reprogramming process and identify associated genes for clustering analysis. We also reconstruct another landscape from an integrated transcriptomic dataset characterising the hematopoietic differentiation process from stem cells to somatic cells. The differences between the forward and backward processes are then studied by integrating two landscapes.
Fringilla zena Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla
Fringilla zena

description: Fringilla zena [spec. nov.]
F. capite nigro, fascia alba alarum supra infraque oculos, pectore fulvo.
Fringilla bahamensis. Catesb. car. 1. p. 42. t. 42.
Habitat in America meridionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 181, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Efficient inference and sampling methods for probabilistic models
Creators: name: Shaloudegi, Kiarash
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Probabilistic modeling is the main practical approach for designing systems that learn from data, and has numerous applications in different fields of science and engineering. Given a probabilistic model of a system and its associated parameters, general queries of interest about the system can be answered by performing inference on the distribution. Considering the importance of inference methods for machine learning, our goal in this dissertation is to develop efficient approximate inference methods for some practical problems. For this purpose, the following two problems are considered: First we consider the problem of non-intrusive home-appliance load monitoring which can be modeled as factorial hidden Markov model (FHMM). FHMMs have applications in several fields such as voice recognition, home appliance monitoring, computer vision, and fault detection. By employing FHMMs, the load-disaggregation problem becomes an FHMM inference problem described by a non-convex quadratic integer optimization problem. In this thesis we present a computationally efficient method that finds an approximate solution to this problem by combining convex semidefinite relaxations, randomized rounding, as well as a scalable ADMM method. Simulation results from both synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method compared to the previous state-of-the-art solutions. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are widely used in machine learning. One of the major problems with MCMC is the question of how to design chains that mix fast over the whole state space; in particular, how to select the parameters of an MCMC algorithm. In this thesis we take a different approach and, similarly to parallel MCMC methods, instead of trying to find a single chain that samples from the whole distribution, we combine samples from several chains run in parallel, each exploring only parts of the state space. The chains are prioritized based on the kernel Stein discrepancy. The samples from the independent chains are combined using a novel technique for estimating the probability of different regions of the sample space. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides significant speed-ups in different sampling problems.
Learning Optimal Forms of Constitutive Relations Characterizing Ion Intercalation from Data in Mathematical Models of Lithium-ion Batteries
Creators: name: Daniels, Lindsey
name: Sahu, Smita
name: Sanders, Kevin J.
name: Goward, Gillian R.
name: Foster, Jamie M.
name: Protas, Bartosz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most mathematical models of the transport of charged species in battery electrodes require a constitutive relation describing intercalation of Lithium, which is a reversible process taking place on the interface between the electrolyte and active particle. The most commonly used model is the Butler-Volmer relation, which gives the current density as a product of two expressions: one, the exchange current, depends on Lithium concentration only whereas the other expression depends on both Lithium concentration and on the overpotential. We consider an inverse problem where an optimal form of the exchange current density is inferred, subject to minimum assumptions, from experimental voltage curves. This inverse problem is recast as an optimization problem in which the least-squares error functional is minimized with a suitable Sobolev gradient approach. The proposed method is thoroughly validated and we also quantify the reconstruction uncertainty. Finally, we identify the universal features in the constitutive relations inferred from data obtained during charging and discharging at different C-rates and discuss how these features differ from the behaviour predicted by the standard Butler-Volmer relation. We also identify possible limitations of the proposed approach, mostly related to uncertainties inherent in the material properties assumed known in the inverse problem. Our approach can be used to systematically improve the accuracy of mathematical models employed to describe Li-ion batteries as well as other systems relying on the Butler-Volmer relation.
description: 52 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 1 of Variation in the health outcomes associated with frailty among home care clients: relevance of caregiver distress and client sex
Creators: name: Maxwell, Colleen
name: Campitelli, Michael
name: Diong, Christina
name: Mondor, Luke
name: Hogan, David
name: Amuah, Joseph
name: Leslie, Sarah
name: Seitz, Dallas
name: Sudeep Gill
name: Kednapa Thavorn
name: Wodchis, Walter
name: Gruneir, Andrea
name: Teare, Gary
name: Bronskill, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. (Description of Ontario Home Care and Clinical/Health Administrative Databases); Table S2. (Baseline characteristics of long-stay home care clients in Ontario (2010–2013), by frailty status (n = 234,552)); Table S3. (Proportion of long-stay home care clients who experienced each outcomea during 1 year follow-up, by frailty status); Table S4. (Proportion of long-stay home care clients who experienced each outcomea during 1 year follow-up, by sex and frailty status); Table S5. (Proportion of long-stay home care clients who experienced each outcomea during 1 year follow-up, by presence of caregiver distress and frailty status). (DOCX 33 kb)
Observing the escape of a driven quantum Josephson circuit into unconfined states
Creators: name: Lescanne, Raphaël
name: Verney, Lucas
name: Ficheux, Quentin
name: Devoret, Michel H.
name: Huard, Benjamin
name: Mirrahimi, Mazyar
name: Leghtas, Zaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson circuits have been ideal systems to study complex non-linear dynamics which can lead to chaotic behavior and instabilities. More recently, Josephson circuits in the quantum regime, particularly in the presence of microwave drives, have demonstrated their ability to emulate a variety of Hamiltonians that are useful for the processing of quantum information. In this paper we show that these drives lead to an instability which results in the escape of the circuit mode into states that are not confined by the Josephson cosine potential. We observe this escape in a ubiquitous circuit: a transmon embedded in a 3D cavity. When the transmon occupies these free-particle-like states, the circuit behaves as though the junction had been removed, and all non-linearities are lost. This work deepens our understanding of strongly driven Josephson circuits, which is important for fundamental and application perspectives, such as the engineering of Hamiltonians by parametric pumping.
Optical and infrared observations of the luminous quasar PDS 456: a radio-quiet analogue of 3C 273?
Creators: name: Simpson, Chris
name: Ward, Martin
name: O'Brien, Paul
name: Reeves, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present infrared photometry and optical and infrared spectroscopy of the recently-discovered, extremely luminous nearby quasar PDS 456. A number of broad emission features are seen in the near-infrared which we are unable to identify. We measure a more accurate redshift from a narrow forbidden emission line and compare the optical-infrared spectrum to that of 3C 273. The close similarity suggests that PDS 456 is a radio-quiet analogue of 3C 273, although radio observations do not support this idea.
description: Accepted by MNRAS (Letters), 5 pages incl. 5 figures
Eight-dimensional non-geometric heterotic strings and enhanced gauge groups
Creators: name: Kimura, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the construction of eight-dimensional (8D) non-geometric heterotic strings, proposed by Malmendier and Morrison, which do not allow for a geometric interpretation. In the construction, the $\mathfrak{e}_8\oplus \mathfrak{e}_7$ gauge algebra is unbroken. The moduli space of 8D non-geometric heterotic strings and theories arising in the moduli space can be analyzed by studying the geometries of elliptically fibered K3 surfaces with a global section by applying F-theory/heterotic duality. Additionally, we review the results of the points in the 8D non-geometric heterotic moduli with the unbroken $\mathfrak{e}_8\oplus \mathfrak{e}_7$ gauge algebra, at which the non-Abelian gauge groups are maximally enhanced. At these points, the gauge groups formed in the theories do not allow for a perturbative interpretation of the heterotic perspective. However, from the dual F-theory perspective, the K3 geometries at these points are deformations of the stable degenerations that arise from the coincident 7-branes. On the heterotic side, these enhancements can be understood as a non-perturbative effect of 5-brane insertions.
description: Contribution to the European Physical Journal Special Topics, the special issue "Noncommutativity and Physics"
Enrichment of the r-process Element Europium in the Galactic Halo
Creators: name: Ishimaru, Yuhri
name: Wanajo, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the enrichment of europium, as a representative of r-process elements, in the Galactic halo. In present chemical evolution models, stars are assumed to be formed through shock processes by supernovae (SNe). The enrichment of the interstellar medium is calculated by a one-zone approach. The observed large dispersions in [Eu/Fe] for halo stars, converging with increasing metallicity, can be explained with our models. In addition, the mass range of SNe for the {\it r}-process site is constrained to be either stars of $8-10 M_\odot$ or $\gtrsim 30 M_\odot$.
description: 5 pages (including 4 figures), LaTeX, uses aas2pp4.sty, accepted to ApJL
Observation and formation mechanism of 360° domain wall rings in Synthetic Anti-Ferromagnets with interlayer chiral interactions
Creators: name: Sandoval, Miguel A. Cascales
name: Hierro-Rodríguez, A
name: Ruiz-Gómez, S.
name: Skoric, L.
name: Donnelly, C.
name: Niño, M. A.
name: Vedmedenko, Elena Y.
name: McGrouther, D.
name: McVitie, S.
name: Flewett, S.
name: Jaouen, N.
name: Foerster, M.
name: Fernández-Pacheco, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (IL-DMI) chirally couples spins in different ferromagnetic layers of multilayer heterostructures. So far, samples with IL-DMI have been investigated utilizing magnetometry and magnetotransport techniques, where the interaction manifests as a tunable chiral exchange bias field. Here, we investigate the nanoscale configuration of the magnetization vector in a synthetic anti-ferromagnet (SAF) with IL-DMI, after applying demagnetizing field sequences. We add different global magnetic field offsets to the demagnetizing sequence in order to investigate the states that form when the IL-DMI exchange bias field is fully or partially compensated. For magnetic imaging and vector reconstruction of the remanent magnetic states we utilize X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission electron microscopy, evidencing the formation of 360$^{\circ}$ domain wall rings of typically 0.5-3.0 $μm$ in diameter. These spin textures are only observed when the exchange bias field due to the IL-DMI is not perfectly compensated by the magnetic field offset. From a combination of micromagnetic simulations, magnetic charge distribution and topology arguments, we conclude that a non-zero remanent effective field with components both parallel and perpendicular to the anisotropy axis of the SAF is necessary to observe the rings. This work shows how the exchange bias field due to IL-DMI can lead to complex metastable spin states during reversal, important for the development of novel spintronic devices.
Cooling+Heating Flows in Galaxy clusters: Turbulent heating, spectral modelling, and cooling efficiency
Creators: name: Haghighi, Mohammad H. Zhoolideh
name: Afshordi, Niayesh
name: Khosroshahi, Habib. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrepancy between expected and observed cooling rates of X-ray emitting gas has led to the {\it cooling flow problem} at the cores of clusters of galaxies. A variety of models have been proposed to model the observed X-ray spectra and resolve the cooling flow problem, which involves heating the cold gas through different mechanisms. As a result, realistic models of X-ray spectra of galaxy clusters need to involve both heating {\it and} cooling mechanisms. In this paper, we argue that the heating time-scale is set by the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent viscous heating for the Intracluster plasma, parametrised by the Shakura-Sunyaev viscosity parameter, $α$. Using a cooling+heating flow model, we show that a value of $α\simeq 0.05$ (with 10\% scatter) provides improved fits to the X-ray spectra of cooling flow, while at the same time, predicting reasonable cooling efficiency, $ε_{cool} = 0.33^{+0.63}_{-0.15}$. Our inferred values for $α$ based on X-ray spectra are also in line with direct measurements of turbulent pressure in simulations and observations of galaxy clusters. This simple picture unifies astrophysical accretion, as a balance of MHD turbulent heating and cooling, across more than 16 orders of magnitudes in scale, from neutron stars to galaxy clusters.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The Stellar Content of Obscured Galactic Giant H II Regions
Creators: name: Blum, R. D.
name: Damineli, A.
name: Conti, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near infrared images of the Galactic giant HII region W43 reveal a dense stellar cluster at its center. Broad band JHK photometry of the young cluster and K-band spectra of three of its bright stars are presented. The 2 micron spectrum of the brightest star in the cluster is very well matched to the spectra of Wolf-Rayet stars of sub-type WN7. Two other stars are identified as O type giants or supergiants by their NIII and CIV emission. The close spatial clustering of O and the hydrogen WN type stars is analogous to the intense star burst clusters R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC3603 in the Galaxy.
description: 22 pages (LaTex), including 7 figures (eps)
Direct Urca process in strong magnetic fields and neutron star cooling
Creators: name: Baiko, D. A.
name: Yakovlev, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the magnetic field on the energy loss rate in the direct Urca reactions is studied. The general expression for the neutrino emissivity at arbitrary magnetic field B is derived. The main emphasis is laid on a case, in which the field is not superstrong, and charged reacting particles (e and p) populate many Landau levels. The magnetic field keeps the process operative if Delta k / k_{Fn} < N_{Fp}^{-2/3} (N_{Fp} is the number of the Landau levels populated by protons and Delta k = k_{Fn}-k_{Fp}-k_{Fe}), that is beyond the well-known switch-on limit in the absence of the field, Delta k < 0. Cooling of magnetized neutron stars with strong neutron superfluid in the outer cores and nonsuperfluid inner cores is simulated. The magnetic field near the stellar center speeds up the cooling if the stellar mass M is slightly less than the minimum mass M_c at which the direct Urca reaction becomes allowed for B=0. If B=3x10^{16} G the affected mass range is M_c-M < 0.1M_c, while for B=3x10^{15} G the range is M_c-M < 0.015M_c. This may influence a theoretical interpretation of the observed thermal radiation as illustrated for the Geminga pulsar. The case of superstrong magnetic fields (B>10^{18} G), such that e and p populate only the lowest Landau levels is briefly outlined.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, uses l-aa.sty. To be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Additional file 1: of Preserving prion strain identity upon replication of prions in vitro using recombinant prion protein
Creators: name: Makarava, Natallia
name: Savtchenko, Regina
name: Lasch, Peter
name: Beekes, Michael
name: Baskakov, Ilia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Supplementary Materials. (PDF 937 kb)
Fringilla brasiliana Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla
Fringilla brasiliana

description: Fringilla brasiliana [spec. nov.]
F. cauda cuneiformi, corpore rufescente, temporibus uropygio abdomineque violaceis, rostro rubro.
Fringilla coloribus rufo & caeruleo brasiliensis. Edw. av. 191. t. 191.
Habitat in Brasilia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 181, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Stabilizing an atomically thin quantum spin Hall insulator at ambient conditions: Graphene-intercalation of indenene
Creators: name: Schmitt, Cedric
name: Erhardt, Jonas
name: Eck, Philipp
name: Schmitt, Matthias
name: Lee, Kyungchan
name: Wagner, Tim
name: Keßler, Philipp
name: Kamp, Martin
name: Kim, Timur
name: Cacho, Cephise
name: Lee, Tien-Lin
name: Sangiovanni, Giorgio
name: Moser, Simon
name: Claessen, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic monolayers on semiconductor surfaces represent a new class of functional quantum materials at the ultimate two-dimensional limit, ranging from superconductors [1, 2] to Mott insulators [3, 4] and ferroelectrics [5] to quantum spin Hall insulators (QSHI) [6, 7]. A case in point is the recently discovered QSHI indenene [7, 8], a triangular monolayer of indium epitaxially grown on SiC(0001), exhibiting a $\sim$120meV gap and substrate-matched monodomain growth on the technologically relevant $μ$m scale [9]. Its suitability for room-temperature spintronics is countered, however, by the instability of pristine indenene in air, which destroys the system along with its topological character, nullifying hopes of ex-situ processing and device fabrication. Here we show how indenene intercalation into epitaxial graphene offers effective protection from the oxidizing environment, while it leaves the topological character fully intact. This opens an unprecedented realm of ex-situ experimental opportunities, bringing this monolayer QSHI within realistic reach of actual device fabrication and edge channel transport.
Weak gravitational lensing by Kerr-MOG Black Hole and Gauss-Bonnet theorem
Creators: name: Övgün, Ali
name: Sakallı, İzzet
name: Saavedra, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deflection angle of Kerr-MOG black holes is studied for different values of the parameter in modified gravity (MOG). To this end, we employ the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, which was first studied by Gibbons and Werner and then extended by Ono, Ishihara and Asada, who use a generalized optical metric where the deflection of light for an observer and source at finite distance. By using this method, we study the weak gravitational lensing by Kerr-MOG black hole. Our computations show that with an increase in the MOG parameter ($α$), the deflection angle becomes significantly larger than that of Kerr black hole. The results obtained show that MOG effect could be taken into account in the gravitational lensing experiments.
description: 9 pages, 3 Figures. Accepted for publication in Annals of Physics
The non-linear fluid dynamics of a warped accretion disc
Creators: name: Ogilvie, G. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a viscous accretion disc subject to a slowly varying warp of large amplitude is considered. Attention is restricted to discs in which self-gravitation is negligible, and to the generic case in which the resonant wave propagation found in inviscid Keplerian discs does not occur. The equations of fluid dynamics are derived in a coordinate system that follows the principal warping motion of the disc. They are reduced using asymptotic methods for thin discs, and solved to extract the equation governing the warp. In general, this is a wave equation of parabolic type with non-linear dispersion and diffusion, which describes fully non-linear bending waves. This method generalizes the linear theory of Papaloizou & Pringle (1983) to allow for an arbitrary rotation law, and extends it into the non-linear domain, where it connects with a generalized version of the theory of Pringle (1992). The astrophysical implications of this analysis are discussed briefly.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, to be published in MNRAS
Fringilla tristis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Fringilla
Fringilla tristis

description: Fringilla tristis [spec. nov.]
F. flava, fronte nigra, alis fuscis.
Carduelis americana. Catesb. car. 1. p. 43. t. 43.
Habitat in America septentrionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 181, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Uncertainties on the EFT coupling limits for direct dark matter detection experiments stemming from uncertainties of target properties
Creators: name: Heimsoth, Daniel J.
name: Lem, Brandon
name: Suliga, Anna M.
name: Johnson, Calvin W.
name: Balantekin, A. Baha
name: Coppersmith, Susan N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection experiments are still one of the most promising ways to unravel the nature of dark matter. To fully understand how well these experiments constrain the dark matter interactions with the Standard Model particles, all the uncertainties affecting the calculations must be known. It is especially critical now because direct detection experiments recently moved from placing limits only on the two elementary spin independent and spin dependent operators to the complete set of possible operators coupling dark matter and nuclei in nonrelativistic theory. In our work, we estimate the effect of nuclear configuration-interaction uncertainties on the exclusion bounds for one of the existing xenon-based experiments for all fifteen operators. We find that for operator number 13 the $\pm 1σ$ uncertainty on the coupling between the dark matter and nucleon can reach more than 50% for dark matter masses between 10 and 1000 GeV. In addition, we discuss how quantum computers can help to reduce this uncertainty and how the uncertainties are affected for couplings obtained for the nonrelativistic reductions of the relativistic interactions.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; published in Phys. Rev. D November 17, 2023
The Cepheid Distance Scale after Hipparcos
Creators: name: Pont, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than two hundred classical cepheids were measured by the Hipparcos astrometric satellite, making possible a geometrical calibration of the cepheid distance scale. However, the large average distance of even the nearest cepheids measured by Hipparcos implies trigonometric parallaxes of at most a few mas. Determining unbiased distances and absolute magnitudes from such high relative error parallax data is not a trivial problem.In 1997, Feast & Catchpole announced that Hipparcos cepheid parallaxes indicated a Period-Luminosity scale 0.2 mag brighter than previous calibrations, with important consequences on the whole cosmic distance scale. In the wake of this initial study, several authors have reconsidered the question, and favour fainter calibrations of cepheid luminositites, compatible with pre-Hipparcos values. All authors used equivalent data sets, and the bulk of the difference in the results arises from the statistical treatment of the parallax data. We have attempted to repeat the analyses of all these studies and test them with Monte Carlo simulations and synthetic samples. We conclude that the initial Feast & Catchpole study is sound, and that the subsequent studies are subjected in several different ways to biases involved in the treatment of high relative error parallax data. We consider the source of these biases in some detail. We also propose a reappraisal of the error budget in the final Hipparcos cepheid result, leading to a PL relation -- adapted from Feast & Catchpole -- of M_V=-2.81 (assumed) log P -1.43 +-0.16 (stat) +0-0.03 (syst). We compare this calibration to recent values from cluster cepheids or the surface brightness method, and find that the overall agreement is good within the uncertainties.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX
A hardware track-trigger for CMS at the High Luminosity LHC
Creators: name: James, Tom
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is designed to study a wide range of high energy physics phenomena. It employs a large all-silicon tracker within a 3.8 T magnetic solenoid, which allows precise measurements of transverse momentum (pT) and vertex position. This tracking detector will be upgraded to coincide with the installation of the High-Luminosity LHC, which will provide up to about 10^35 / cm^2 / s to CMS, or 200 collisions per 25 ns bunch crossing. This new tracker must maintain the nominal physics performance in this more challenging environment. Novel tracking modules that utilise closely spaced silicon sensors to discriminate on track pT have been developed that would allow the readout of only hits compatible with pT > 2−3 GeV tracks to off-detector trigger electronics. This would allow the use of tracking information at the Level-1 trigger of the experiment, a requirement to keep the Level-1 triggering rate below the 750 kHz target, while maintaining physics sensitivity. This thesis presents a concept for an all Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based track finder using a fully time-multiplexed architecture. A hardware demonstrator has been assembled to prove the feasibility and capability of such a system. The track finding demonstrator uses a projective binning algorithm called a Hough Transform to form track-candidates, which are then cleaned and fitted by a combinatorial Kalman Filter. Both of these algorithms are implemented in FPGA firmware. This demonstrator system, composed of eight Master Processor Virtex-7 (MP7) processing boards, is able to successfully find tracks in one eighth of the tracker solid angle at a time, within the expected 4 μs latency constraint. The performance for a variety of physics scenarios is studied, as well as the proposed scaling of the demonstrator to the final system and new technologies.
Relativistic drag forces on black holes from scalar dark matter clouds of all sizes
Creators: name: Traykova, Dina
name: Vicente, Rodrigo
name: Clough, Katy
name: Helfer, Thomas
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
name: Hui, Lam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use numerical simulations of scalar field dark matter evolving on a moving black hole background to confirm the regime of validity of (semi-)analytic expressions derived from first principles for both dynamical friction and momentum accretion in the relativistic regime. We cover both small and large clouds (relative to the de Broglie wavelength of the scalars), and light and heavy particle masses (relative to the BH size). In the case of a small dark matter cloud, the effect of accretion is a non-negligible contribution to the total force on the black hole, even for small scalar masses. We confirm that this momentum accretion transitions between two regimes (wave- and particle-like) and we identify the mass of the scalar at which the transition between regimes occurs.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures. Minor corrections and references added to match published version