Hypselodoris confetti Epstein & Hallas & Johnson & Lopez & Gosliner 2018
Creators: name: Epstein, Hannah E.
name: Hallas, Joshua M.
name: Johnson, Rebecca Fay
name: Lopez, Alessandra
name: Gosliner, Terrence M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Nudibranchia
Chromodorididae
Hypselodoris
Hypselodoris confetti

description: HYPSELODORIS CONFETTI
GOSLINER & JOHNSONSP. NOV.
(FIGS 1D, 2C, 4G, 8)
LSID: urn:LSID:zoobank.org:act: 36FEDED-0270- 4884-84E0-6DF570876444
Hypselodoris kanga misidentification, not H. kanga Rudman, 1977; Rudman, 1999b: lower photograph.
Hypselodoris kanga misidentification, not H. kanga Rudman, 1977, Debelius & Kuiter, 2007: 126, top three photographs.
Hypselodoris sp. 2 Gosliner et al., 2008: 264: bottom photograph.
Hypselodoris sp. 2 Humann & DeLoach, 2010: 339: middle right photograph.
Type material
Holotype: CASIZ 191070, subsampled for molecular study, dissected, Siar Island, 5.183333°S, 145.806667°E,
Madang, Papua New Guinea, 10 m depth, 9 November 2012, Heok Hui Tan.
Paratypes: CASIZ 176067, one specimen, Panglao Channel, Tagbilaran, Bohol, Philippines, 28 June 2004, Gosliner, 2004 Panglao Expedition. CASIZ 190503, one specimen, Bali, Indonesia, 1998. CASIZ 190504, one specimen, Bali, Indonesia, 1998.
Type locality
Siar Island, Madang Papua New Guinea.
Geographical distribution
Known from Papua New Guinea and the Philippines (present study) and probably also Hong Kong and Indonesia (Debelius & Kuiter, 2007).
Etymology
H y p s e l o d o r i s c o n f e t t i c o m e s f r o m t h e I t a l i a n word confetti that means sweets, referring to the multicoloured sweets that were thrown to people at Italian carnivals. In the 19th century it was used to refer to brightly coloured pieces of paper tossed out during parades. This species is marked with bright blue, yellow and black spots resembling confetti.
Description
External morphology: Living animals (Fig. 1D) moderately large, reaching 35 mm in length. Body colour whitish to grey–blue. Notum ornamented with large yellow spots and smaller dark blue to black spots scattered over the surface. Large blue areas found near the mantle margin. Additional spots of same colour found on sides of body and foot. Gill pocket slightly elevated from notum. Seven to nine narrow, thin, unipinnate gill branches on notum. Gill branches with purple lines along edges of inner and outer surface.Apex of gill branch red–orange. Central portion of middle of outer face of gill branches with three to five yellow spots. Base of rhinophores deep purple, extending onto basal half of club. Upper half of rhinophore club bright red rhinophores with 19 small lamellae.
Mantle glands: Subcutaneous mantle glands (Fig. 2C) uniformly distributed along entire margin in the specimen from the holotype.
Buccal armature: Muscular portion of buccal mass much larger than length of oral tube. Chitinous labial cuticle found at anterior end of muscular portion of the buccal mass (Fig. 8A) bearing numerous jaw rodlets (Fig. 8B). Rodlets narrow with short base and evenly curved, with single, acutely pointed apex. Radula broad, nearly as wide as long (Fig. 8C). Radular formula of holotype (CASIZ 191070) 66 × 75.0.75. Rachidian row of teeth absent (Fig. 8D). Innermost lateral teeth having three triangular denticles on inner side of bifid primary cusp. Denticles absent from outer side of tooth. Next several laterals and middle lateral teeth (Fig. 8E) with bifid cusp, lacking inner or outer denticles. Two outermost teeth having a narrower base and shorter tooth shape, with one to five rounded outer denticles (Fig. 8F), smaller than bifid cusps.
Reproductive system: Reproductive organs of the holotype fully mature (Fig. 4G). Ampulla thick, short, tubular and straight, narrowing somewhat before bifurcating into oviduct and vas deferens. Short oviduct entering female gland mass near albumen gland. Proximal prostatic portion of vas deferens relatively long, convoluted, curved and thick and narrowing slightly as it transitions into muscular, ejaculatory portion. Ejaculatory portion relatively long, slightly curved and narrow, entering elongate, wider penial bulb. Penial bulb adjacent to straight, wide vaginal duct at common gonopore. Distal end of vas deferens devoid of penial hooks. Female gland mass consisting of large mucous gland and small membrane and albumen glands. Large, lobate vestibular gland situated near exit of mucous gland. Moderately long vagina narrowing and leading to small, straight receptaculum seminis and larger spherical, thin-walled bursa copulatrix. Receptaculum seminis appressed against vagina, at base of bursa. Moderately short uterine duct emerging from vagina immediately below receptaculum, entering female gland mass near albumen gland.
Remarks
Hypselodoris confetti, together with H. roo, has often been misidentified as H. kanga (Rudman, 1999b; Debelius & Kuiter, 2007). The distinguishing features separating H. confetti and H. roo are discussed in the remarks after the description of the latter species. Hypselodoris confetti and H. kanga are geographically separated, with H. kanga being found in the Indian Ocean from Tanzania to Thailand (Gosliner et al., 2015) and H. confetti being restricted to the western Pacific (present study). Several consistent differences permit the separation of H. confetti and H. kanga. Hypselodoris kanga has bluish purple lines on the notum and sides of body that are absent in H. confetti, and H. confetti has additional black spots on the notum and marginal blue spots that are absent in H. kanga. In our molecular analysis (Fig. 35), H. confetti is sister to a clade that includes H. zephyra Gosliner & Johnson, 1999 and H. roo sp. nov., and H. nigrolineata is sister to these three species. Molecular samples of H. kanga were not available for study.
The shape of the jaw rodlets and radular teeth is also similar in H. confetti and H. kanga, but the number of teeth differs markedly.In H.confetti, the radular formula is 66 × 75.0.75, whereas in H. kanga the radula formula was 107 × 93.0.93 (Rudman, 1977). In H. confetti, the innermost lateral tooth has three denticles on the inner side of the two primary cusps, whereas in H. kanga there is only a single inner denticle (Rudman, 1977). In H. kanga, the remaining teeth except for the outermost two teeth all lack denticles other than the two primary cusps. In H. kanga, the second to fifth teeth have three to five denticles on their outer margin. From the sixth to the 82nd tooth there are no denticles, and the two outermost teeth have a single denticle. In the radula of H. nigrolineata, the innermost tooth has a single inner denticle and the remaining teeth are all devoid of denticles (Rudman, 1977). In H. zephyra, the innermost tooth has a single inner denticle and most of the remaining teeth entirely lack denticles other than the two primary cusps (Gosliner & Johnson, 1999). The outermost teeth have three to six denticles, and the two adjacent teeth have only a single denticle.
The reproductive system of H. confetti differs from those of H. krakatoa, H. nigrolineata and H. kanga. In H. confetti, the receptaculum seminis is situated immediately adjacent to the bursa copulatrix, whereas in the other three species it is situated more proximally on the vagina (Rudman, 1977; Gosliner & Johnson 1999). In H. confetti, the ejaculatory portion of the vas deferens is shorter and less convoluted than in the other three species.
description: Published as part of Epstein, Hannah E., Hallas, Joshua M., Johnson, Rebecca Fay, Lopez, Alessandra & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Reading between the lines: revealing cryptic species diversity and colour patterns in Hypselodoris nudibranchs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia: Chromodorididae), pp. 1-74 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20 (1) on pages 16-19, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zly048, http://zenodo.org/record/2632578