cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Financial Assurance Rules and Natural Resource Damage Liability: A Working Marriage?
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Boyd, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: financial assurance
subject: financial responsibility
subject: natural resource damages
subject: liability

description: The study explores challenges associated with, and the feasibility of, financial assurance requirements for liabilities arising under U.S. environmental statutes, with a particular emphasis on liabilities associated with natural resource damages (NRDs). The overlap between federal NRD liability and financial assurance arises in the context of two financial assurance rules: one for waterborne vessels that carry oil or hazardous substances, and one for offshore facilities used for oil exploration, drilling, production, or transport. The report addresses the rules' history, their role as a complement to other forms of environmental regulation, and their impact on the regulated community and providers of coverage. Despite numerous difficulties and over objections from the regulated community, the rules have been implemented with success and without significant shortfalls in coverage availability.
Super-resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging -- fundamental estimation theory perspective
Creators: name: Kurdzialek, Stanislaw
name: Demkowicz-Dobrzanski, Rafal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a quantitative analysis of super-resolution imaging techniques which exploit temporal fluctuations of luminosity of the sources in order to beat the Rayleigh limit. We define an operationally justified resolution gain figure of merit, that allows us to connect the estimation theory concepts with the ones typically used in the imaging community, and derive fundamental resolution limits that scale at most as the fourth-root of the mean luminosity of the sources. We fine-tune and benchmark the performance of state-of-the-art methods, focusing on the cumulant-based image processing techniques (known under the common acronym SOFI), taking into account the impact of limited photon number and sampling time.
description: 17 pages + 14 appendix
CAN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN THE MARGINAL LANDS CONTRIBUTE TO IMPROVING FOOD SECURITY IN THE SAHELIAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: AN EVIDENCE FROM THE BAS-FOND RICE PRODUCTION IN MALI
Creators: name: Dimithe, Georges
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Sanogo, Ousmane
name: Coulibaly, B.S.
name: Simpara, M.
name: Dimithe, Georges
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Staatz, John M.
name: Sanogo, Ousmane
name: Coulibaly, B.S.
name: Simpara, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Security and Poverty
Land Economics/Use

description: To improve national food security, successive Mali governments have always focused on expanding and intensifying production in the government-managed irrigation schemes (Office du Niger), which account for about 50% of domestic rice production. Because the cost of expanding and rehabilitating those schemes is high, the government is looking for complementary cost-effective ways to achieve this goal. The government could increase domestic rice supply by investing in improving the farmer-managed inland valley swamps. Although the government has paid little attention to those marginal lands, farmers have been growing rice in these areas using traditional technologies. This paper used data from a survey of 334 bas-fond farmers and secondary data to examine the potential contribution that these undeveloped bas-fonds could make to improve food security and rice exports in Mali. The study found that, if fully developed, the bas-fonds and flooded plains could produce more rice than is currently being supplied by the Office du Niger, or imported through commercial imports or food aid. As expected, rice yields in the bas-fonds are lower than in the Office du Niger. However, bas-fonds rice production is both financially profitable and provides a higher return per day of family labor than the competing upland crops (maize, sorghum/millet and cotton). In addition, the estimated domestic resources cost ratios show that, compared to the Office d u Niger, bas-fond rice production represents a better use of domestic resources, both for producing rice for home consumption and for the market.
Analog de Sitter space in a controlled Coulomb explosion
Creators: name: Kolomeisky, Eugene B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Coulomb explosion of an atomic gas steered by laser-controlled time-dependent charging can be modeled by a macroscopic system of identical charges whose number is not conserved. We show that such a system can evolve in the spatially homogeneous and isotropic fashion that mimics accelerating cosmic expansions. Specifically, for a constant rate of charge production, the resulting Friedmann-Coulomb equations have a stable fixed point corresponding to an analog of de Sitter space.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, minor changes, version to be published in Phys. Rev. A
AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL COORDINATION VERSES VERTICAL INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF THE US BROILER INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Aust, Patricia
name: Aust, Patricia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper analyzes the situation, structure and performance of broiler production. The inherent interdependence in broiler production is high transactions costs. Two types of transactions costs, asset specificity with uncertainty and high information costs, are identified and explored. The performances of the alternative structures, vertical integration and vertical coordination, are outlined. In broiler production, vertical coordination is preferred by both firms and growers because it minimizes transactions costs. These conclusions are extended to other agricultural commodities, using pork and rice as examples.
Influence of information flow in the formation of economic cycles
Creators: name: Miskiewicz, Janusz
name: Ausloos, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic approach to macroeconomic features is intended. A model for macroeconomic behavior based on the Ausloos-Clippe-Pekalski model is built and investigated. The influence of a discrete time information transfer is investigated. The formation of economic cycles is observed as a function of the time of information delay. Three regions of delay time are recognized: short $t_d \in (2 IS, 4 IS)$ (IS - iteration steps) - the system evolves toward a unique stable equilibrium state, medium $t_d =5 IS $ or $t_d =6 IS $, the system undergoes oscillations: stable concentration cycles appear in the system. For long information flow delay times, $t_d \geq 7$, the systems may crash for most initial concentrations. However, even in the case of long delay time the crash time may be long enough to allow observation of the system evolution and to introduce an appropriate strategy in order to avoid the collapse of the e.g. company concentration. In the long time delay it is also possible to observe an "economy resonance" where despite a long delay time the system evolves for a long time or can even reach a stable state, which insures its existence.
description: 18 pages,16 figures, to be published in Verhulst 200 Proceedings, M. Ausloos and M. Dirickx, Eds. (in press)
Image recovery with the solar gravitational lens
Creators: name: Toth, Viktor T.
name: Turyshev, Slava G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the initial results obtained with an image convolution/deconvolution computer code that we developed and used to study the image formation capabilities of the solar gravitational lens (SGL). Although the SGL of a spherical Sun creates a greatly blurred image, knowledge of the SGL's point-spread function (PSF) makes it possible to reconstruct the original image and remove the blur by way of deconvolution. We discuss the deconvolution process, which can be implemented either with direct matrix inversion or with the Fourier quotient method. We observe that the process introduces a ``penalty'' in the form of a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a recovered image, compared to the SNR at which the blurred image data is collected. We estimate the magnitude of this penalty using an analytical approach and confirm the results with a series of numerical simulations. We find that the penalty is substantially reduced when the spacing between image samples is large compared to the telescope aperture. The penalty can be further reduced with suitable noise filtering, which can yield ${\cal O}(10)$ or better improvement for low-quality imaging data. Our results confirm that it is possible to use the SGL for imaging purposes. We offer insights on the data collection and image processing strategies that could yield a detailed image of an exoplanet within image data collection times that are consistent with the duration of a realistic space mission.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
The Axis-Ratio Distribution of Galaxy Clusters in the SDSS-C4 Catalog as a New Cosmological Probe
Creators: name: Lee, Jounghun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the C4 catalog of galaxy clusters from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to investigate the axis-ratio distribution of the projected two dimensional cluster profiles. We consider only those objects in the catalog whose virial mass is close to 10^{14}h^{-1}M_{sun}, with member galaxies within the scale radius 1000 kpc. The total number of such objects turns out to be 336. We also derive a theoretical distribution by incorporating the effect of projection onto the sky into the analytic formalism proposed recently by Lee, Jing, & Suto. The theoretical distribution of the cluster axis-ratios is shown to depend on the amplitude of the linear power spectrum (sigma_8) as well as the density parameter (Omega_{m}). Finally, fitting the observational data to the analytic distribution with Omega_{m} and sigma_{8} as two adjustable free parameters, we find the best-fitting value of sigma_{8}=(1.01 +/- 0.09)(Omega_{m}/0.6)^{(0.07 +/- 0.02) +0.1 Omega_{m}}$. It is a new sigma_{8}-Omega_{m} relation, different from the previous one derived from the local abundance of X-ray clusters. We expect that the axis-ratio distribution of galaxy clusters, if combined with the local abundance of clusters, may put simultaneous constraints on sigma_{8} and Omega_{m}.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ, 17 pages, 3 figures, improved analysis, more discussion on the validity and the caveats of the model
DFG to OECD subject classification Mapping
Creators: name: Garza, Kristian
name: Strecker, Dorothea
name: Ninkov, Anton
name: Schabinger, Rouven
name: Gregory, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Mapping
OECD
DFG
open classification systems
information science

description: A large number of DOI metadata deposits do not include standardized subject classification metadata. In response to the lack of standardization, Datacite has begun mapping different subject classification vocabularies to a common vocabulary: the OECD Revised Field of Science and Technology (OECD FOS) classification in the Frascati Manual. One of the many vocabularies yet to be mapped is the subject classification of the German Research Foundation, the DFG. re3data uses the DFG subject classification to classify data repositories. A task force, with members from DataCite, re3data, and the Make Data Count project, was formed to address this problem. The Taskforce has developed a candidate correspondence mapping between the DFG subject classification and the OECD FOS classification. This report presents how the tasks force went about generating the DFGtoOECD mapping. The final result as well as the alignment issues that were discovered.
description: grant https://sloan.org/grant-detail/9561
Hermeneutical Healing: Physical Therapy with a Gadamerian Twist
Creators: name: Rentmeester, Dr. Casey
name: Chaconas, Dr. Eric
name: Weiss, Dr. Jon
name: Bake, Dr. Mark
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Hermeneutics
Year: 2021

description: In recent decades, phenomenology has been utilized not only as a conceptual framework from which to understand medical encounters in healthcare settings, but also to guide medical professionals in providing care. In the realm of physical therapy, phenomenology has been touted as a philosophically-based avenue to aid in helping to understand what it means to be a patient. The works of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger have been utilized as paths to approach phenomenologically-informed care in physical therapy. However, to our knowledge, no significant connection has been made in regard to the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s phenomenology and hermeneutics in the realm of physical therapy. The authors aim to close that gap by showing the ways in which Gadamer’s philosophy can help physical therapists provide phenomenologically-informed patient care. They begin by outlining some of the touchpoints between phenomenology and healthcare and then introduce Gadamer as a figure who deserves attention in the question of how to apply phenomenology to healthcare settings. Upon analyzing Gadamer’s account of what it means to experience an altered body, they outline Gadamer’s understanding of tact, practical knowledge, and good sense in order to show how to understand at a conceptual level what it means to empathize with patients on the path to building therapeutic alliance, that is, a cooperative working relationship. They then look closely at Gadamer’s hermeneutics and particularly his comments on how to cultivate a fusion of horizons in order to attempt to help guide physical therapists in theoretically understanding how to empathize with their patients. Ultimately, they argue that physical therapists who practice phenomenologically-informed care, which they call “hermeneutical healing,” are positioned well to form strong working relationships with their patients. Keywords: Medical Humanities, Phenomenology, Hermeneutics, Gadamer, Fusion of Horizons
description: Journal of Applied Hermeneutics, 2021: 2021
PRELIMINARY LIST OF PUBLICATIONS IN DEPARTMENTAL SERIES - 1997 (AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS REPORTS, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PAPERS AND WORKING PAPERS, STAFF PAPERS, DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS, MS THESES AND PLAN B PAPERS)
Creators: name: Duarte, Marty
name: Dow, Judith
name: Duarte, Marty
name: Dow, Judith
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This Staff Paper lists the publications issued by the Michigan State University Department of Agricultural Economics during the 1997 calendar year that had been received in the Department's Reference Room as of March 31, 1998. The listing is complete for Agricultural Economics Reports, International Development Papers and International Development Working Papers. Additional Staff Papers and theses may be added at a later date. A complete list of 1997 Departmental Publications will be issued later this year. The final report will also include books, articles, speeches and other works by members of the Department. The annual Departmental Publications is available at the Department's Home Page: http://www.aec.msu.edu/agecon/
Virtual dielectric waveguide mode description of a high-gain free-electron laser I: Theory
Creators: name: Hemsing, Erik
name: Gover, Avraham
name: Rosenzweig, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of mode-coupled excitation equations for the slowly-growing amplitudes of dielectric waveguide eigenmodes is derived as a description of the electromagnetic signal field of a high-gain free-electron laser, or FEL, including the effects of longitudinal space-charge. This approach of describing the field basis set has notable advantages for FEL analysis in providing an efficient characterization of eigenmodes, and in allowing a clear connection to free-space propagation of the input (seeding) and output radiation. The formulation describes the entire evolution of the radiation wave through the linear gain regime, prior to the onset of saturation, with arbitrary initial conditions. By virtue of the flexibility in the expansion basis, this technique can be used to find the direct coupling and amplification of a particular mode. A simple transformation converts the derived coupled differential excitation equations into a set of coupled algebraic equations and yields a matrix determinant equation for the FEL eigenmodes. A quadratic index medium is used as a model dielectric waveguide to obtain an expression for the predicted spot size of the dominant system eigenmode, in the approximation that it is a single gaussian mode.
description: 14 pages
NOTES ON AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR ENTERPRISE BUDGETS IN FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Crawford, Eric W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This paper presents brief notes on the format and use of budgets in both financial and economic analysis. The main emphasis in on enterprise budgets, with some mention of capital budgets. Alternative measures of profitability are defined and compared. Methods of estimating opportunity costs are briefly discussed.
CONSUMER DEMAND FOR ECOLABELED APPLES: RESULTS FROM ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION
Creators: name: Van Ravenswaay, Eileen O.
name: Blend, Jeffrey R.
name: Van Ravenswaay, Eileen O.
name: Blend, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This article presents a theory and empirical estimates of consumer demand for ecolabeled apples. The effect of varying comprehensiveness of environmental claims and amount of proof supporting claims is examined. Data are from telephone interviews with 893 randomly selected U.S. households. Substantial demand for ecolabeled apples is found. Variations in claim comprehensiveness and amount of proof are statistically insignificant.
FROM DATA TO INFORMATION: THE VALUE OF SAMPLING VS. SENSING SOIL DATA
Creators: name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Jones, Kezelee Q.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Jones, Kezelee Q.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Farm Management

description: A conceptual model is developed to measure the value of information from in-field soil sensing technologies as compared with grid and other soil sampling methods. Soil sensing offers greater spatial accuracy and the potential to apply inputs such as nitrogen fertilizer immediately, avoiding changes in nutrient status that occur with delays between soil sampling and fertilizer application. By contrast, soil sampling offers greater measurement accuracy, because it does not rely on proxy variables such as electrical conductivity to infer nutrient status. The average profitability and relative riskiness of soil sensing versus sampling depend upon 1) the trade-off between, on the one hand, the spatial and temporal accuracy of sensing and, on the other hand, the measurement accuracy of sampling, 2) the cost of data collection, and 3) input and product prices. Similar trade-offs govern the relative riskiness of sensing versus sampling.
The PREVENTION Challenge: How Good Are Humans Predicting Lane Changes?
Creators: name: Quintanar, A.
name: Izquierdo, R.
name: Parra, I.
name: Fernández-Llorca, D.
name: Sotelo, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While driving on highways, every driver tries to be aware of the behavior of surrounding vehicles, including possible emergency braking, evasive maneuvers trying to avoid obstacles, unexpected lane changes, or other emergencies that could lead to an accident. In this paper, human's ability to predict lane changes in highway scenarios is analyzed through the use of video sequences extracted from the PREVENTION dataset, a database focused on the development of research on vehicle intention and trajectory prediction. Thus, users had to indicate the moment at which they considered that a lane change maneuver was taking place in a target vehicle, subsequently indicating its direction: left or right. The results retrieved have been carefully analyzed and compared to ground truth labels, evaluating statistical models to understand whether humans can actually predict. The study has revealed that most participants are unable to anticipate lane-change maneuvers, detecting them after they have started. These results might serve as a baseline for AI's prediction ability evaluation, grading if those systems can outperform human skills by analyzing hidden cues that seem unnoticed, improving the detection time, and even anticipating maneuvers in some cases.
description: This work was accepted and presented at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2020
On scaling fields in $Z_N$ Ising models
Creators: name: Fateev, V. A.
name: Postnikov, V. V.
name: Pugai, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the space of scaling fields in the $Z_N$ symmetric models with the factorized scattering and propose simplest algebraic relations between form factors induced by the action of deformed parafermionic currents. The construction gives a new free field representation for form factors of perturbed Virasoro algebra primary fields, which are parafermionic algebra descendants. We find exact vacuum expectation values of physically important fields and study correlation functions of order and disorder fields in the form factor and CFT perturbation approaches.
description: 2 Figures, jetpl.cls
[Hupa vocabulary and grammatical elements]
Creators: name: Golla, Victor
name: Jackson, Louisa
name: Jackson, Ned
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: hup
subject: Hupa language

description: Digital images of file slips summarizing (a) data from Golla's field notebooks and (b) archival data collected by Edward Sapir. Box 8 of 9. Original slips dated 1963 to approximately 1970.
CONVERGENCE OF THE G-7: A COINTEGRATION APPROACH
Creators: name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Seale, James L.
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Weatherspoon, Dave D.
name: Seale, James L.
name: Moss, Charles B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Income convergence among the G-7 countries was demonstrated using Theil's inequality (entropy) index. G-7 convergence was also found for three potential factors of influence on economic growth: government expenditure, investment expenditure, and industrial employment. Pairwise cointegration tests indicated that income inequality was cointegrated with the other three inequality measures for the time period of 1950-88. Finally, Johansen's I(2) multi-cointegration tests indicated that three of the four inequality measures (i.e. income, investment expenditure, and industrial employment) were cointegrated suggesting that there exists a long-run equilibrium between the inequality in income, investment expenditure, and industrial employment.
2002 ANNUAL AGRICULTURAL OUTLOOK
Creators: name: Hilker, James H.
name: Alderman, Nicole
name: Hilker, James H.
name: Alderman, Nicole
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The global economy is also faltering. Global economic growth in 2001 was the slowest of any year since 1993, and only a modest rebound is forecast for 2002. The combination of sluggish world growth and a strong dollar should continue to constrain farm exports in 2002.Three concerns are important as we look ahead business earnings, productivity, and global growth.
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS APPROACHES TO POTATO-BASED INTEGRATED CROP SYSTEMS: ISSUES AND METHOD
Creators: name: Labarta, Ricardo A.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Snapp, Siglinde
name: Leep, Richard
name: Labarta, Ricardo A.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Snapp, Siglinde
name: Leep, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: In response to stagnating yields and mounting pest problems, Michigan potato growers are investigating ways to bring manure and cover crops back into potato production systems. The alternative systems bring benefits and costs for monetary net returns, the variability of net returns, and environmental impacts. This paper reviews the likely yield and biological system effects of alternative potato production systems that incorporate manure and cover crops. After briefly considering research designs for gathering experimental versus farm field data, it reviews four economic analysis methods for evaluating alternative systems. All methods are illustrated with examples. First, for evaluating comparative average profitability, it reviews a) enterprise budgets, b) partial budgets, and c) break-even analysis. Second, for integrating environmental impacts into profitability analysis by using monetary measures of environmental effects, it introduces "green" budgets. Third, for evaluating efficiency trade-offs between profitability and environmental impacts, it covers trade-off frontiers. Finally, for comparing the variability of returns across systems (including for risk-averse decision makers), it introduces analysis of variance and stochastic dominance. These methods provide a basic set of tools for the economic analysis of changes in potato-based crop systems that should be adequate for most static comparisons of annual crop management practices.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AND INCENTIVE COMPATIBILITY: MODELLING THE ACCUMULATION AND USE OF SOCIAL COLLATERAL
Creators: name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Mogues, Tewodaj
name: Carter, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: In economics, where the long resistance to reflecting on the effects of social interaction on economic behaviour is slowly waning, the concept of social capital may turn out to be a useful analytical tool. However, initial interest in social capital has produced a large variety of definitions, theoretical frameworks, empirical analyses, and even policy prescriptions. This paper provides a selective review and critique of some of the more recent literature on social capital. It then suggests that many of the problems in the existing literature can be addressed by lowering aspirations about what social capital is and reformulating it in terms of its impact on incentive problems in economic transactions in the presence of imperfect markets and costly or non-enforceable contracts. The paper finally advances a model of one of the ways that social capital resolves incentive compatibility problems, namely its role as a collateral asset
RETHINKING THE DEMAND FOR INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION LAND RIGHTS AND LAND MARKETS IN THE WEST AFRICAN SAHEL
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Frederic
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Zimmerman, Frederic
name: Carter, Michael R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: In contrast to literature which focuses on the how collective action problems inhibit the supply of efficient institutions, this paper uses dynamic stochastic general equilibrium methods to study the demand for institutional innovation. Focusing on the innovation of alienabile land rights in the West African Sahel, this microeconomic approach offers several contributions to the theory of institutional innovation. First, in contrast to the representative agent or aggregate benefit-cost approaches used to derive the demand for institutional innovation in much of the literature, this paper explores the heterogeneity of demand across agents. Second, in contrast to prior studies of the evolution of land rights, this analysis shows that, in West Africa at least, the demand for private property rights in land is likely to rest on more than generalized land scarcity. Indeed, in terms of this paper's dynamic option value metric, the strongest demand for a land market emanates from the collapse of traditional risk management institutions and the desire of low wealth agents to use the market to buffer unmediated production risk. The demand for marketable rights, and indeed the appearance of some land transactions, may ultimately reflect a displaced demand for the innovation of contingency and other financial markets. In this second best environment, a policy of land privatization may be dominated by a policy that addresses those elements in the economic and institutional environment which create the sharp (displaced) demand for marketability rights.
Hijackers and Hostages in Non-Binding Linked-Issues Referenda: Analysis and an Application
Creators: name: Goeschl, Timo
name: Goeschl, Timo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Political Economy

description: Non-binding referenda ('petitions') are an instrument of direct democracy that allows citizens to signal preferences to politicians outside the electoral cycle. This paper analyses a particular form of petitions, so-called linked-issues petitions, which have been described as an 'abuse of direct democracy'. It discusses the use of linked petitions by petition initiators, its take-up by voters in terms of volume and voter motives, and applies the analytical insights to a controversial referendum held in Austria in 2002 that linked issues of transboundary nuclear risk and Eastern enlargement of the European Union.
Superconducting circuits without inductors based on bistable Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Soloviev, I. I.
name: Ruzhickiy, V. I.
name: Bakurskiy, S. V.
name: Klenov, N. V.
name: Kupriyanov, M. Yu.
name: Golubov, A. A.
name: Skryabina, O. V.
name: Stolyarov, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic flux quantization in superconductors allows the implementation of fast and energy-efficient digital superconducting circuits. However, the information representation in magnetic flux severely limits their functional density presenting a long-standing problem. Here we introduce a concept of superconducting digital circuits that do not utilize magnetic flux and have no inductors. We argue that neither the use of geometrical nor kinetic inductance is promising for the deep scaling of superconducting circuits. The key idea of our approach is the utilization of bistable Josephson junctions allowing the representation of information in their Josephson energy. Since the proposed circuits are composed of Josephson junctions only, they can be called all-Josephson junction (all-JJ) circuits. We present a methodology for the design of the circuits consisting of conventional and bistable junctions. We analyze the principles of the circuit functioning, ranging from simple logic cells and ending with an 8-bit parallel adder. The utilization of bistable junctions in the all-JJ circuits is promising in the aspects of simplification of schematics and the decrease of the JJ count leading to space-efficiency.
THE POTENTIAL FOR GROWTH IN WISCONSIN MILK PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Jones, Bruce L.
name: Jones, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Recent reports about the condition of the Wisconsin dairy industry have not been all that good. According to the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), dairy cow numbers in Wisconsin have been steadily dropping over the last few years while total milk production has, at best, held steady or declined modestly. This stability in total milk production, in the face of falling cow numbers, is due largely to increases in the average milk production of those cows that remain in the herd. At first glance one might conclude that the recent trends in the Wisconsin dairy industry are an indication that the state's dairy is destined to shrink. Before one concludes this however, one needs to consider some recent changes that have been going on within the industry which may be a sign that Wisconsin dairy industry may be rebounding and beginning to grow again.
Spectro-photometric study of the GRB 030329 host galaxy
Creators: name: Gorosabel, J.
name: Perez-Ramirez, D.
name: Sollerman, J.
name: Postigo, A. de Ugarte
name: Fynbo, J. P. U.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Jakobsson, P.
name: Christensen, L.
name: Hjorth, J.
name: Johannesson, G.
name: Guziy, S.
name: Cerón, J. M. Castro
name: Bjornsson, G.
name: Sokolov, V. V.
name: Fatkhullin, T. A.
name: Nilsson, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study optical/near-infrared(NIR) broad band photometry and optical spectroscopic observations of the GRB 030329 host galaxy are presented. The Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) of the host is consistent with a starburst galaxy template with a dominant stellar population age of ~150 Myr and an extinction Av ~0.6. Analysis of the spectral emission lines shows that the host is likely a low metallicity galaxy. Two independent diagnostics, based on the restframe UV continuum and the [OII] line flux, provide a consistent unextincted star formation rate of SFR ~0.6 Mo yr^-1. The low absolute magnitude of the host (M_B ~ -16.5) implies a high specific star formation rate value, SSFR = ~34 Mo yr^-1 (L/L*)^-1.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Il nuovo cimento (4th Workshop Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome, 18-22 October 2004)
Shifting Patterns in Wisconsin Crime Rates
Creators: name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Deller, Melissa
name: Deller, Steven C.
name: Deller, Melissa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: In this study we explore shifting patterns in crime across Wisconsin counties between 1990 and 2000. Building on the three core ecological theories of criminology including strain/anomie, social disorganization and economic rational choice theories we hypothesis that socioeconomic well-being can be used to identify predictable patterns of change in crime. The data generally support the notion that higher levels of socioeconomic well-being at the beginning of the period are associated with lower levels of both violent and property crime at the end of the study period.
On the exposure to mobile phone radiation in trains
Creators: name: Ferrer, J.
name: Fernandez-Seivane, L.
name: Hernando, J. M.
name: Castan, M. B.
name: Garcia, L.
name: Vazquez, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report presents theoretical estimates of the Power Density levels which may be reached inside trains. Two possible sources of high levels of radiation are discussed. The first one arises since the walls of the wagons are metallic and therefore bounce back almost all radiation impinging on them. The second is due to the simultaneous emission of a seemingly large number of nearby telephones. The theoretical study presented here shows that Power Densities stay at values below reference levels always.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Swift X-ray Afterglows and the Missing Jet Break Problem
Creators: name: Racusin, J. L.
name: Liang, E. -W.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Morris, D. C.
name: Zhang, B. B.
name: Zhang, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic survey of the temporal and spectral properties of all GRB X-ray afterglows observed by Swift-XRT between January 2005 and July 2007. We have constructed a catalog of all light curves and spectra and investigate the physical origin of each afterglow segment in the framework of the forward shock models by comparing the data with the closure relations. We search for possible jet-like breaks in the lightcurves and try to explain some of the "missing" X-ray jet breaks in the lightcurves.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, contributed talk, submitted to the proceedings of Gamma Ray Bursts 2007, Santa Fe, New Mexico, November 5-9 2007
Limited Liability Company: A Farm Business Arrangement Alternative
Creators: name: Meehan-Strub, Mary
name: Harris, Philip E.
name: Meehan-Strub, Mary
name: Harris, Philip E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: During the last decade of the twentieth century, a new and unique business entity alternative emerged - the limited liability company (LLC ). Prior to that the sole proprietorship, partnership, and closely held corporation were the basic ways to organize a farm business. Effective January 1, 1994 , Wisconsin allows the formation of LLCs under chapter 183 of the Wisconsin Statutes. This form of doing business is likely to be the choice of many small businesses that would have chosen the partnership or S corporation form of doing business. When properly formed, LLCs give the limited liability of corporations but the tax characteristics of a partnership, and control over participation in management.
Bilayer Haldane system: Topological characterization and adiabatic passages connecting Chern phases
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Sourav
name: Bandyopadhyay, Souvik
name: Sen, Diptiman
name: Dutta, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete topological characterization of a bilayer composite of two Chern insulators (specifically, Haldane models) and explicitly establish the bulk-boundary correspondences. We show that an appropriately defined Chern number accurately maps out all the possible phases of the system and remains well-defined even in the presence of degeneracies in the occupied bands. Importantly, our result paves the way for realizing adiabatic preparation of monolayer Chern insulators. This has been a major challenge till date, given the impossibility of unitarily connecting inequivalent topological phases. We show that this difficulty can be circumvented by adiabatically varying the interlayer coupling in such a way that the system remains gapped at all times. In particular, a complete knowledge of the phase diagram of the bilayer composite immediately allows one to identify all such adiabatic passages which may connect the different Chern inequivalent phases of the individual monolayers.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Improved initial data for black hole binaries by asymptotic matching of post-Newtonian and perturbed black hole solutions
Creators: name: Yunes, Nicolas
name: Tichy, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct approximate initial data for non-spinning black hole binary systems by asymptotically matching the 4-metrics of two tidally perturbed Schwarzschild solutions in isotropic coordinates to a resummed post-Newtonian 4-metric in ADMTT coordinates. The specific matching procedure used here closely follows the calculation in gr-qc/0503011, and is performed in the so called buffer zone where both the post-Newtonian and the perturbed Schwarzschild approximations hold. The result is that both metrics agree in the buffer zone, up to the errors in the approximations. However, since isotropic coordinates are very similar to ADMTT coordinates, matching yields better results than in the previous calculation, where harmonic coordinates were used for the post-Newtonian 4-metric. In particular, not only does matching improve in the buffer zone, but due to the similarity between ADMTT and isotropic coordinates the two metrics are also close to each other near the black hole horizons. With the help of a transition function we also obtain a global smooth 4-metric which has errors on the order of the error introduced by the more accurate of the two approximations we match. This global smoothed out 4-metric is obtained in ADMTT coordinates which are not horizon penetrating. In addition, we construct a further coordinate transformation that takes the 4-metric from global ADMTT coordinates to new coordinates which are similar to Kerr-Schild coordinates near each black hole, but which remain ADMTT further away from the black holes. These new coordinates are horizon penetrating and lead, for example, to a lapse which is everywhere positive on the t=0 slice. Such coordinates may be more useful in numerical simulations.
description: 25 pages, 21 figures. Replaced with accepted version
Biodiesel Feasibility Study: An Evaluation of Biodiesel Feasibility in Wisconsin
Creators: name: Fortenbery, T. Randall
name: Fortenbery, T. Randall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: There has been considerable interest focused on the further development and expansion of a domestic bio-fuels industry. While most early attention from the commercial sector focused on ethanol, interest is now growing in the area of biodiesel production. Reasons for growing interest in biodiesel include its potential for reducing noxious emissions, potential contributions to rural economic development, as an additional demand center for agricultural commodities, and as a way to reduce reliance on foreign oil. Despite interest over the past decade or so, however, experience with biodiesel production in the US is limited. According to the Energy Information Administration, participants in the federal Bioenergy program produced only 18.6 million gallons of biodiesel in fiscal 2003. This compares with the production of almost 2.5 billion gallons of ethanol.
Hierarchical Inference With Bayesian Neural Networks: An Application to Strong Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Wagner-Carena, Sebastian
name: Park, Ji Won
name: Birrer, Simon
name: Marshall, Philip J.
name: Roodman, Aaron
name: Wechsler, Risa H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the past few years, approximate Bayesian Neural Networks (BNNs) have demonstrated the ability to produce statistically consistent posteriors on a wide range of inference problems at unprecedented speed and scale. However, any disconnect between training sets and the distribution of real-world objects can introduce bias when BNNs are applied to data. This is a common challenge in astrophysics and cosmology, where the unknown distribution of objects in our Universe is often the science goal. In this work, we incorporate BNNs with flexible posterior parameterizations into a hierarchical inference framework that allows for the reconstruction of population hyperparameters and removes the bias introduced by the training distribution. We focus on the challenge of producing posterior PDFs for strong gravitational lens mass model parameters given Hubble Space Telescope (HST) quality single-filter, lens-subtracted, synthetic imaging data. We show that the posterior PDFs are sufficiently accurate (i.e., statistically consistent with the truth) across a wide variety of power-law elliptical lens mass distributions. We then apply our approach to test data sets whose lens parameters are drawn from distributions that are drastically different from the training set. We show that our hierarchical inference framework mitigates the bias introduced by an unrepresentative training set's interim prior. Simultaneously, given a sufficiently broad training set, we can precisely reconstruct the population hyperparameters governing our test distributions. Our full pipeline, from training to hierarchical inference on thousands of lenses, can be run in a day. The framework presented here will allow us to efficiently exploit the full constraining power of future ground- and space-based surveys.
description: Accepted by ApJ. Code available at https://github.com/swagnercarena/ovejero
An Economic Analysis of the Impacts of Trade Liberalization on Asian Dairy Market
Creators: name: Peng, Tingjun
name: Cox, Thomas L.
name: Peng, Tingjun
name: Cox, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The objective of this paper is to develop an economic analysis of the impacts of further trade liberalization on Asian dairy markets. In order to achieve this, we first make a review of Asian dairy policies from the perspective of domestic support, market access and export subsidy. Then a world dairy model is employed, which reflects both vertical and spatial characteristics of the world dairy sector. We analyze the separate and combined impacts of eliminating Japan's domestic dairy subsidy, removing other Asian countries dairy trade policies excluding Japan, eliminating all Asian countries domestic dairy and trade policies, and multilateral dairy trade liberalization around the world. We find that Japan and Korea's producers will suffer much bigger losses from trade liberalization than other countries in the region; Japan and Korea's producers get much more protection from trade distortions than from domestic subsidy; India is a potential competitive exporter in Asia and the world; China is a potential importer in Asia but a potential competitive exporter in the world; South East Asia and other South Asian countries are potential importers in Asia and the world; greater trade liberalization around the world will help to increase exports for potential exporters and/or ease importing pressure for potential importers; the order of competitiveness of Asian economies from least competitive to most competitive is Japan, Korea, South East Asia, other South Asia, China and India; China and India consumers will lose from world trade liberalization, but the other countries consumer surplus will increase.
Limit theorems in the stadium billiard
Creators: name: Balint, Peter
name: Gouezel, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D50; 37A50; 37A30

description: We prove that the Birkhoff sums for ``almost every'' relevant observable in the stadium billiard obey a non-standard limit law. More precisely, the usual central limit theorem holds for an observable if and only if its integral along a one-codimensional invariant set vanishes, otherwise a $\sqrt{n\log n}$ normalization is needed. As one of the two key steps in the argument, we obtain a limit theorem that holds in Young towers with exponential return time statistics in general, an abstract result that seems to be applicable to many other situations.
description: 46 pages