cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study of upper lip protrusion in French
Creators: name: Cowan, Helen A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study investigates upper lip protrusion during selected French utterances as produced by six native French speakers. A photocell, incorporated into a headpiece, was used to transduce upper lip movement into an electrical signal which was then amplified and displayed on a graphic recorder. Utterances included a) VCV utterances; b) utterances containing the consonant clusters /rstr/, /rskr/, /kstr/ and /strstr/; c) utterances containing the segments /i/ and /u/ in sequence or separated, in various combinations, by a consonant and/or word boundary; d) utterances produced with an increasing degree of emphatic stress; and e) utterances produced at an increasing rate. Three aspects of the protrusion gesture are examined: extent of protrusion, velocity, transition time, and the relations between them. Results indicate differences between these three measures for the production of /u/ as compared to /y/, as well as differences when upper lip movement is directed away from target protrusion position as compared to when it is directed toward target protrusion position. Results also indicate how the three measures are affected by the following: insertion of a consonant and/or word boundary between /i/ and /u/ in the /i/-/u/ utterances; increase in level of stress on the syllable containing the rounded vowel /u/; and increase in rate of speaking. This study also includes an attempt to determine onset of protrusion in a consonant cluster followed by a rounded vowel. It is hypothesized that the extent of coarticulation of upper lip protrusion might provide some useful information concerning a discrete unit in terms of which speech may be produced at the articulatory level. Results show that such a unit may be composed of either a VCC...V or CC...V group. The possibility of coarticulation of upper lip protrusion being language-dependent as well as the possibility of coarticulation patterns differing for the upper and lower lip is discussed. Results are also related to various models of speech production although they do not appear to strongly support any one model.
The X-Ray Point-Source Population of NGC 1365: The Puzzle of Two Highly-Variable Ultraluminous X-ray Sources
Creators: name: Strateva, Iskra V.
name: Komossa, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 26 point-sources discovered with Chandra within 200" (~20kpc) of the center of the barred supergiant galaxy NGC 1365. The majority of these sources are high-mass X-ray binaries, containing a neutron star or a black hole accreting from a luminous companion at a sub-Eddington rate. Using repeat Chandra and XMM-Newton as well as optical observations, we discuss in detail the natures of two highly-variable ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs): NGC 1365 X1, one of the most luminous ULXs known since the ROSAT era, which is X-ray variable by a factor of 30, and NGC 1365 X2, a newly discovered transient ULX, variable by a factor of >90. Their maximum X-ray luminosities (3-5 x 10^40 erg/s, measured with Chandra) and multiwavelength properties suggest the presence of more exotic objects and accretion modes: accretion onto intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) and beamed/super-Eddington accretion onto solar-mass compact remnants. We argue that these two sources have black-hole masses higher than those of the typical primaries found in X-ray binaries in our Galaxy (which have masses of <20 Msolar), with a likely black-hole mass of 40-60 Msolar in the case of NGC 1365 X1 with a beamed/super-Eddington accretion mode, and a possible IMBH in the case of NGC 1365 X2 with M=80-500Msolar.
description: 18 pages, accepted by ApJ
A fresh look at the seismic spectrum of HD49933: analysis of 180 days of CoRoT photometry
Creators: name: Benomar, O.
name: Baudin, F.
name: Campante, T. L.
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: García, R. A.
name: Gaulme, P.
name: Toutain, T.
name: Verner, G. A.
name: Appourchaux, T.
name: Ballot, J.
name: Barban, C.
name: Elsworth, Y.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Mosser, B.
name: Régulo, C.
name: Roxburgh, I. W.
name: Auvergne, M.
name: Baglin, A.
name: Catala, C.
name: Michel, E.
name: Samadi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar-like oscillations have now been observed in several stars, thanks to ground-based spectroscopic observations and space-borne photometry. CoRoT, which has been in orbit since December 2006, has observed the star HD49933 twice. The oscillation spectrum of this star has proven difficult to interpret. Thanks to a new timeseries provided by CoRoT, we aim to provide a robust description of the oscillations in HD49933, i.e., to identify the degrees of the observed modes, and to measure mode frequencies, widths, amplitudes and the average rotational splitting. Several methods were used to model the Fourier spectrum: Maximum Likelihood Estimators and Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte-Carlo techniques. The different methods yield consistent result, and allow us to make a robust identification of the modes and to extract precise mode parameters. Only the rotational splitting remains difficult to estimate precisely, but is clearly relatively large (several microHz in size).
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
A unified model for orphan and multi-wavelength blazar flares
Creators: name: Wang, Ze-Rui
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Petropoulou, Maria
name: Oikonomou, Foteini
name: Xue, Rui
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazars are a class of active galactic nuclei which host relativistic jets oriented close to the observer's line of sight. Blazars have very complex variability properties. Flares, namely flux variations around the mean value with a well-defined shape and duration, are one of the identifying properties of the blazar phenomenon. Blazars are known to exhibit multi-wavelength flares, but also "orphan" flares, namely flux changes that appear only in a specific energy range. Various models, sometimes at odds with each other, have been proposed to explain specific flares even for a single source, and cannot be synthesized into a coherent picture. In this paper, we propose a unified model for explaining orphan and multi-wavelength flares from blazars in a common framework. We assume that the blazar emission during a flare consists of two components: (i) a quasi-stable component that arises from the superposition of numerous but comparatively weak dissipation zones along the jet, forming the background (low-state) emission of the blazar, and (ii) a transient component, which is responsible for the sudden enhancement of the blazar flux, forming at a random distance along the jet by a strong energy dissipation event. Whether a multi-wavelength or orphan flare is emitted depends on the distance from the base of the jet where the dissipation occurs. Generally speaking, if the dissipation occurs at a small/large distance from the supermassive black hole, the inverse Compton/synchrotron radiation dominates and an orphan gamma-ray/optical flare tends to appear. On the other hand, we may expect a multi-wavelength flare if the dissipation occurs at an intermediate distance. We show that the model can successfully describe the spectral energy distribution of different flares from the flat spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 and the BL Lac object PKS 2155-304.
Invariant divisors and equivariant line bundles
Creators: name: Kruglikov, Boris
name: Schneider, Eivind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A55, 58D19 (Primary) 22F05, 32M05, 14C20, 17B56, 32L10 (Secondary)

description: Scalar relative invariants play an important role in the theory of group actions on a manifold as their zero sets are invariant hypersurfaces. Relative invariants are central in many applications, where they often are treated locally since an invariant hypersurface may not be a locus of a single function. Our aim is to establish a global theory of relative invariants.
 For a Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g}$ of holomorphic vector fields on a complex manifold $M$, any holomorphic $\mathfrak{g}$-invariant hypersurface is given in terms of a $\mathfrak{g}$-invariant divisor. This generalizes the classical notion of scalar relative $\mathfrak{g}$-invariant. Any $\mathfrak{g}$-invariant divisor gives rise to a $\mathfrak{g}$-equivariant line bundle, and a large part of this paper is therefore devoted to the investigation of the group $\mathrm{Pic}_{\mathfrak{g}}(M)$ of $\mathfrak{g}$-equivariant line bundles. We give a cohomological description of $\mathrm{Pic}_{\mathfrak{g}}(M)$ in terms of a double complex interpolating the Chevalley-Eilenberg complex for $\mathfrak{g}$ with the Čech complex of the sheaf of holomorphic functions on $M$.
 We also obtain results about polynomial divisors on affine bundles and jet bundles. This has applications to the theory of differential invariants. Those were actively studied in relation to invariant differential equations, but the description of multipliers (or weights) of relative differential invariants was an open problem. We derive a characterization of them with our general theory. Examples, including projective geometry of curves and second-order ODEs, not only illustrate the developed machinery, but also give another approach and rigorously justify some classical computations. At the end, we briefly discuss generalizations of this theory.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure
Chaotic magnetic field reversals in turbulent dynamos
Creators: name: Gissinger, Christophe
name: Dormy, Emmanuel
name: Fauve, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present direct numerical simulations of reversals of the magnetic field generated by swirling flows in a spherical domain. In agreement with a recent model, we observe that coupling dipolar and quadrupolar magnetic modes by an asymmetric forcing of the flow generates field reversals. In addition, we show that this mechanism strongly depends on the value of the magnetic Prandtl number.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Averting multi-qubit burst errors in surface code magic state factories
Creators: name: Chadwick, Jason D.
name: Kang, Christopher
name: Viszlai, Joshua
name: Lin, Sophia Fuhui
name: Chong, Frederic T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fault-tolerant quantum computation relies on the assumption of time-invariant, sufficiently low physical error rates. However, current superconducting quantum computers suffer from frequent disruptive noise events, including cosmic ray impacts and shifting two-level system defects. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate these issues in software, but they add large overheads in terms of physical qubit count, as it is difficult to preserve logical information through burst error events. We focus on mitigating multi-qubit burst errors in magic state factories, which are expected to comprise up to 95% of the space cost of future quantum programs. Our key insight is that magic state factories do not need to preserve logical information over time; once we detect an increase in local physical error rates, we can simply turn off parts of the factory that are affected, re-map the factory to the new chip geometry, and continue operating. This is much more efficient than previous more general methods, and is resilient even under many simultaneous impact events. Using precise physical noise models, we show an efficient ray detection method and evaluate our strategy in different noise regimes. Compared to existing baselines, we find reductions in ray-induced overheads by several orders of magnitude, reducing total qubitcycle cost by geomean 6.5x to 13.9x depending on the noise model. This work reduces the burden on hardware by providing low-overhead software mitigation of these errors.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 2 of Exceeding the guideline-recommended maximum daily dose of opioids for long-term treatment of non-cancer pain in Germany – a large retrospective observational study
Creators: name: Schrader, Nils Frederik
name: Niemann, Anja
name: Weitzel, Milena
name: Speckemeier, Christian
name: Abels, Carina
name: Blase, Nikola
name: Giebel, Godwin Denk
name: Riederer, Cordula
name: Nadstawek, Joachim
name: Straßmeir, Wolfgang
name: Wasem, Jürgen
name: Neusser, Silke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 2. PDF-document, .pdf. Additional File 2 – Variable description. Description of variables used in logistic regression.
Amino acid supplementation of Peace River barley for growing-finishing pigs
Creators: name: Chung, An Sik
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The work reported in this thesis comprised two sections, each of which compared six rations in pigs in the body weight range 16-85 kg. All rations were based on barley. A supplement of L-lysine HC1 was added to provide a total lysine content of 0.90% and 0.75%, with the latter level also tested with 0.05% added L-threonine, alone or with 0.10% DL-methionine or 0.10% DL-methionine plus 0.10% L-isoleucine. A control ration consisted essentially of barley and soybean meal to provide 0.75% total lysine. These rations were used for growth and nitrogen balance experiments. The supplementation of barley with 0.50% L-lysine HC1 (0.75% total lysine) tended to improve nitrogen utilization more than a supplemental level of 0.69% L-lysine HC1 (0.90% total lysine). The biological value of the ration containing the lower level of lysine was significantly higher than that of the ration containing the higher level of lysine, which was reflected in a trend indicating that pigs fed the lower level of lysine were leaner and had larger eye muscle areas than those fed the higher level of lysine. Adding 0.05% L-threonine to the lower level of lysine improved growth performance but not carcass quality. The addition of L-lysine and L-threonine to the barley tended to improve nitrogen balance above that obtained by the addition of L-lysine alone. The further addition of 0.10% DL-methionine with or without 0.10% L-isoleucine did not improve growth performance but gave a further slight non-significant improvement in nitrogen metabolism measurements. Therefore, both the feeding experiment and nitrogen balance experiment indicated that threonine was the second limiting amino acid after lysine. Supplementation of barley with amino acids regardless of levels or combinations, gave significantly poorer daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass quality results but significantly higher biological value figures than the barley-soybean control ration. Thus, it would appear that the amino acid-supplemented rations still were deficient in some way, although the biological value data would tend to contradict the suggestion that this is associated with an amino acid imbalance.
Suberites cebriones Morozov & Sabirov & Zimina 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Morozov, Grigori
name: Sabirov, Rushan
name: Zimina, Olga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Hadromerida
Suberitidae
Suberites
Suberites cebriones

description: Suberites cebriones sp. nov. (Figure 9 (a – f)) Material examined The holotype was collected in the central part of the Laptev Sea (75.19°N, 128.46°E); it is deposited in the Edward Eversman Zoology Museum (identification number 2.2.8.441). Paratypes localities: one specimen from same locality as holotype (75.19°N, 128.46°E); two specimens from north of the New Siberian Islands (76.25°N, 139.05° E; 77.23°N, 137.06°E); one specimen from the central part of the Laptev Sea (76.05° N, 122.75°E). Description (Figure 9 (d – e)). Sponge cup shaped or club shaped (only small juvenile forms), up to 3.5 cm in height and 4 cm in width. The inner surface of cup-shaped sponge is covered with evenly scattered small pores (about 0.1 mm in diameter), forming a sieve. In the case of juvenile forms (which may easily be confused with corresponding forms of s. montalbidus) the single osculum is located on the top. Surface is smooth. The body is tolerably firm, only slightly compressible in consistency. Sometimes provided with weakly pronounced peduncle. Colour (in alcohol) is beige. Spicules Styles (tylo- and subtylostyles) straight, rather short-pointed (spicules with blunt apical end occasionally found), dimensions: 124.8 – 395.4 – 677 × 5.5 – 11.4 (n = 200) µm; microxea and microstrongyles centrotylote, spined, dimensions 21.3 – 41 – 67.4 (n = 60) µm and 9.87 – 19.37 – 28.22 (n = 60) µm, respectively. Etymology In Greek mythology, Cebriones was the illegitimate son of King Priam of Troy and participated in the Trojan War as charioteer for his half-brother Hector. Remarks In the examined materials, we observed that several specimens differed substantially in their outer morphology from the above-mentioned representatives of suberites montalbidus. However, the spicular analysis did not reveal any differences between them. The reason to allocate suberites cebriones sp. nov. as a new species is the uniqueness of its skeletal architecture; in the case of s. montalbidus, the microscleres are confined to the thin cortical layer, while in s. cebriones sp. nov., they are also distributed in large numbers throughout the interior (Figure 9 (a – b)).
description: Published as part of Morozov, Grigori, Sabirov, Rushan & Zimina, Olga, 2019, Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation, pp. 2961-2992 in Journal of Natural History 52 (47) on pages 2961-2992, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1554166, http://zenodo.org/record/3654165
Parity-violating polarization in $np \to dγ$ with a pionless effective field theory
Creators: name: Shin, J. W.
name: Ando, S.
name: Hyun, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the two-nucleon weak interaction with a pionless effective field theory. Dibaryon fields are introduced to facilitate calculations and ensure precision in the initial and final state propagators. Weak interactions are accounted for with the parity-violating dibaryon-nucleon-nucleon vertices, which contain unknown weak dibaryon-nucleon-nucleon coupling constants. We apply the model to the calculation of a parity-violating observable in the neutron-proton capture at threshold. Result is obtained up to the linear order in the unknown dibaryon-nucleon-nucleon coupling constants. We compare our result to the one obtained from a hybrid calculation, and discuss the extension to weak interactions in the few-body systems.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Creating and Managing a large annotated parallel corpora of Indian languages
Creators: name: Kumar, Ritesh
name: Kaushik, Shiv Bhusan
name: Nainwani, Pinkey
name: Jha, Girish Nath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the challenges in creating and managing large parallel corpora of 12 major Indian languages (which is soon to be extended to 23 languages) as part of a major consortium project funded by the Department of Information Technology (DIT), Govt. of India, and running parallel in 10 different universities of India. In order to efficiently manage the process of creation and dissemination of these huge corpora, the web-based (with a reduced stand-alone version also) annotation tool ILCIANN (Indian Languages Corpora Initiative Annotation Tool) has been developed. It was primarily developed for the POS annotation as well as the management of the corpus annotation by people with differing amount of competence and at locations physically situated far apart. In order to maintain consistency and standards in the creation of the corpora, it was necessary that everyone works on a common platform which was provided by this tool.
Additional file 3 of Exceeding the guideline-recommended maximum daily dose of opioids for long-term treatment of non-cancer pain in Germany – a large retrospective observational study
Creators: name: Schrader, Nils Frederik
name: Niemann, Anja
name: Weitzel, Milena
name: Speckemeier, Christian
name: Abels, Carina
name: Blase, Nikola
name: Giebel, Godwin Denk
name: Riederer, Cordula
name: Nadstawek, Joachim
name: Straßmeir, Wolfgang
name: Wasem, Jürgen
name: Neusser, Silke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 3. PDF-document, .pdf. Additional File 3 – Opioid prescribing patterns among specialist groups. Patterns of prescribing physicians, proportion of care provision and amount of prescribed MDDs.
SynFlowNet: Design of Diverse and Novel Molecules with Synthesis Constraints
Creators: name: Cretu, Miruna
name: Harris, Charles
name: Igashov, Ilia
name: Schneuing, Arne
name: Segler, Marwin
name: Correia, Bruno
name: Roy, Julien
name: Bengio, Emmanuel
name: Liò, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Generative models see increasing use in computer-aided drug design. However, while performing well at capturing distributions of molecular motifs, they often produce synthetically inaccessible molecules. To address this, we introduce SynFlowNet, a GFlowNet model whose action space uses chemical reactions and purchasable reactants to sequentially build new molecules. By incorporating forward synthesis as an explicit constraint of the generative mechanism, we aim at bridging the gap between in silico molecular generation and real world synthesis capabilities. We evaluate our approach using synthetic accessibility scores and an independent retrosynthesis tool to assess the synthesizability of our compounds, and motivate the choice of GFlowNets through considerable improvement in sample diversity compared to baselines. Additionally, we identify challenges with reaction encodings that can complicate traversal of the MDP in the backward direction. To address this, we introduce various strategies for learning the GFlowNet backward policy and thus demonstrate how additional constraints can be integrated into the GFlowNet MDP framework. This approach enables our model to successfully identify synthesis pathways for previously unseen molecules.
Angebote des Deutschen Literaturarchivs Marbach: Stärkung der Kooperation mit Text+ am Beispiel von SDC4Lit
Creators: name: Hess, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: NFDI
Text+
Textplus
Text+ Plenary 22
Sammlungen
Collections
Kooperationsantrag
DLA

description: Poster presented at the plenary meeting of the NFDI consortium Text+ on September 12, 2022 in Mannheim, Germany.
description: Text+ receives a funding grant from the DFG under the grant agreement number 460033370. Text+ is contributing to the NFDI, the National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI).
The Formation of Photon-Molecules in Nanoscale Waveguides
Creators: name: Zoubi, Hashem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of photon bound states in a system of interacting photons inside nanoscale wires. The photons interact through the exchange of vibrational modes induced along the waveguide mainly due to radiation pressure. The problem of many-body photons is treated in using the formalism of contour Green's functions under the T-matrix approximation. The complex pole of the T-matrix is a signature for the appearance of photon-molecules. The analysis of such singularity provides the critical temperature at which the T-matrix approximation breaks down and photon-molecules appear. For strongly interacting slow photons the amplitude of the photon-molecule wavefunction acquires a significant quantum nonlinear phase inside the nanowire. Photon bound-states can be implemented for quantum information processing as quantum logic gates, e.g. for $π$ phase shift the photon-molecule is shown to serve as a Z-controlled gate.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Comparison of the Hall Magnetohydrodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics evolution of a flaring solar active region
Creators: name: Bora, Kamlesh
name: Bhattacharyya, Ramit
name: Prasad, Avijeet
name: Joshi, Bhuwan
name: Hu, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work analyzes the Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) numerical simulations of a flaring solar active region as a testbed while idealizing the coronal Alfvén speed to be of two orders of magnitude lesser. HMHD supports faster magnetic reconnection and shows richer complexity in magnetic field line evolution compared to the MHD. The magnetic reconnections triggering the flare are explored by numerical simulations augmented with relevant multi-wavelength observations. The initial coronal magnetic field is constructed by non-force-free extrapolation of photospheric vector magnetic field. Magnetic structure involved in the flare is identified to be a flux rope, with its overlying magnetic field lines constituting the quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) along with a three-dimensional null point and a null line. Compared to the MHD simulation, the HMHD simulation shows a higher and faster ascend of the rope together with the overlying field lines, which further reconnect at the QSL located higher up in the corona. The foot points of the field lines match better with the observations for the HMHD case with the central part of the flare ribbon located at the chromosphere. Additionally, field lines are found to rotate in a circular pattern in the HMHD, whereas no such rotation is seen in the MHD results. Interestingly, plasma is also observed to be rotating in a co-spatial chromospheric region, which makes the HMHD simulation more credible. Based on the aforementioned agreements, HMHD simulation is found to agree better with observations and, thus, opens up a novel avenue to explore.
description: 31 pages, 17 figures (accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal)
Inference for eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Gaussian symmetric matrices
Creators: name: Schwartzman, Armin
name: Mascarenhas, Walter F.
name: Taylor, Jonathan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H15, 62H12 (Primary) 62H11, 92C55 (Secondary)

description: This article presents maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and log-likelihood ratio (LLR) tests for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Gaussian random symmetric matrices of arbitrary dimension, where the observations are independent repeated samples from one or two populations. These inference problems are relevant in the analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data and polarized cosmic background radiation data, where the observations are, respectively, $3\times3$ and $2\times2$ symmetric positive definite matrices. The parameter sets involved in the inference problems for eigenvalues and eigenvectors are subsets of Euclidean space that are either affine subspaces, embedded submanifolds that are invariant under orthogonal transformations or polyhedral convex cones. We show that for a class of sets that includes the ones considered in this paper, the MLEs of the mean parameter do not depend on the covariance parameters if and only if the covariance structure is orthogonally invariant. Closed-form expressions for the MLEs and the associated LLRs are derived for this covariance structure.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS628 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Endomorphisms of abelian varieties, cyclotomic extensions and Lie algebras
Creators: name: Zarhin, Yuri G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10; 14K15

description: We prove an analogue of the Tate conjecture on homomorphisms of abelian varieties over infinite cyclotomic extensions of finitely generated fields of characteristic zero.
description: 9 pages
Renyi statistics in equilibrium statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Parvan, A. S.
name: Biro, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Renyi statistics in the canonical and microcanonical ensembles is examined in the general case and in particular for the ideal gas. In the microcanonical ensemble the Renyi statistics is equivalent with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. By the exact analytical results for the ideal gas, it is shown that in the canonical ensemble in the thermodynamic limit the Renyi statistics is also equivalent with the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Furthermore it satisfies the requirements of the equilibrium thermodynamics, i.e. the thermodynamical potential of the statistical ensemble is a homogeneous function of degree 1 of its extensive variables of state. We conclude that the Renyi statistics duplicates the thermodynamical relations stemming from the Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics in the thermodynamical limit.
description: 13 pages
Investigation of the relationship between cultural values and citizen opinions on growth of Greater Vancouver
Creators: name: Oliver, Anita Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The work undertaken in this thesis was for the purpose of examining the significance of the Greater Vancouver Regional District's conclusion that citizens are against further growth of the region. Growth in terms of population increase, urban expansion, and economic productivity has always been highly valued by North Americans, and it was felt that genuine rejection of the growth ethic would imply an important shift in the goal preferences of the society. A redirection of the growth ethic was discussed in relation to the structural changes that are becoming increasingly prevalent in our society, which some observers interpret as the emergence of a post-industrial society. It was emphasized that successful adjustment of the society to the conditions of post-industrialism is to a large extent dependent upon the adoption of new, more appropriate cultural values to replace those which have evolved to suit the needs of an industrial society. In order to de-emphasize continuing growth as a major goal of the society, it was suggested that those cultural values which support the growth ethic must first be modified. Specifically, it was hypothesized that those individuals who are in favor of continued growth will have more traditional values than those who are not in favor of continued growth. Three value orientations were chosen as examples of the kind of attitudes which are related to disposition to favor or reject growth. A questionnaire was devised to determine perceptions of and opinions on four aspects of growth, and to ascertain value preferences on the three dimensions defined. It was administered in person to 159 Vancouver residents. Indices of growth orientation and scales which aggregated the value preferences were constructed from the raw data. Correlation coefficients were obtained to determine if there is a consistent relationship between an individual's values and his opinion on growth. A significant relationship was shown to exist, from which it was concluded that the hypothesis was supported. The implication of these findings is that shifts in the goal preferences of the society rest upon attendant shifts in the supportive value structure
The Poincaré series of the joint invariants and covariants of the two binary forms
Creators: name: Bedratyuk, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13N15, 13A50, 13F20

description: Let $\mathcal{I}_{d_1,d_2}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{d_1,d_2}$ be the algebras of joint invariants and joint covariants of the two binary forms of degrees $d_1$ and $d_2.$ Formulas for computation of the Poincaré series $\mathcal{PI}_{d_1,d_2}(z),$ $ \mathcal{PC}_{d_1,d_2}(z)$ of the algebras is found. By using these formulas, we have computed the series for $d_1,d_2 \leq 20.$
description: 11 pages
Detect Faces Efficiently: A Survey and Evaluations
Creators: name: Feng, Yuantao
name: Yu, Shiqi
name: Peng, Hanyang
name: Li, Yan-Ran
name: Zhang, Jianguo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Face detection is to search all the possible regions for faces in images and locate the faces if there are any. Many applications including face recognition, facial expression recognition, face tracking and head-pose estimation assume that both the location and the size of faces are known in the image. In recent decades, researchers have created many typical and efficient face detectors from the Viola-Jones face detector to current CNN-based ones. However, with the tremendous increase in images and videos with variations in face scale, appearance, expression, occlusion and pose, traditional face detectors are challenged to detect various "in the wild" faces. The emergence of deep learning techniques brought remarkable breakthroughs to face detection along with the price of a considerable increase in computation. This paper introduces representative deep learning-based methods and presents a deep and thorough analysis in terms of accuracy and efficiency. We further compare and discuss the popular and challenging datasets and their evaluation metrics. A comprehensive comparison of several successful deep learning-based face detectors is conducted to uncover their efficiency using two metrics: FLOPs and latency. The paper can guide to choose appropriate face detectors for different applications and also to develop more efficient and accurate detectors.
SSDL: Self-Supervised Dictionary Learning
Creators: name: Shao, Shuai
name: Xing, Lei
name: Yu, Wei
name: Xu, Rui
name: Wang, Yanjiang
name: Liu, Baodi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The label-embedded dictionary learning (DL) algorithms generate influential dictionaries by introducing discriminative information. However, there exists a limitation: All the label-embedded DL methods rely on the labels due that this way merely achieves ideal performances in supervised learning. While in semi-supervised and unsupervised learning, it is no longer sufficient to be effective. Inspired by the concept of self-supervised learning (e.g., setting the pretext task to generate a universal model for the downstream task), we propose a Self-Supervised Dictionary Learning (SSDL) framework to address this challenge. Specifically, we first design a $p$-Laplacian Attention Hypergraph Learning (pAHL) block as the pretext task to generate pseudo soft labels for DL. Then, we adopt the pseudo labels to train a dictionary from a primary label-embedded DL method. We evaluate our SSDL on two human activity recognition datasets. The comparison results with other state-of-the-art methods have demonstrated the efficiency of SSDL.
description: Accepted by 22th IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) as an Oral
Diffusion Approximation of Stochastic Master Equations with Jumps
Creators: name: Pellegrini, Clement
name: Petruccione, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of quantum measurements with direct photon detection the evolution of open quantum systems is usually described by stochastic master equations with jumps. Heuristically, from these equations one can obtain diffusion models as approximation. A necessary condition for a general diffusion approximation for jump master equations is presented. This approximation is rigorously proved by using techniques for Markov process which are based upon the convergence of Markov generators and martingale problems. This result is illustrated by rigorously obtaining the diffusion approximation for homodyne and heterodyne detection.
description: 15 pages
A Systematic IoU-Related Method: Beyond Simplified Regression for Better Localization
Creators: name: Peng, Hanyang
name: Yu, Shiqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Four-variable-independent-regression localization losses, such as Smooth-$\ell_1$ Loss, are used by default in modern detectors. Nevertheless, this kind of loss is oversimplified so that it is inconsistent with the final evaluation metric, intersection over union (IoU). Directly employing the standard IoU is also not infeasible, since the constant-zero plateau in the case of non-overlapping boxes and the non-zero gradient at the minimum may make it not trainable. Accordingly, we propose a systematic method to address these problems. Firstly, we propose a new metric, the extended IoU (EIoU), which is well-defined when two boxes are not overlapping and reduced to the standard IoU when overlapping. Secondly, we present the convexification technique (CT) to construct a loss on the basis of EIoU, which can guarantee the gradient at the minimum to be zero. Thirdly, we propose a steady optimization technique (SOT) to make the fractional EIoU loss approaching the minimum more steadily and smoothly. Fourthly, to fully exploit the capability of the EIoU based loss, we introduce an interrelated IoU-predicting head to further boost localization accuracy. With the proposed contributions, the new method incorporated into Faster R-CNN with ResNet50+FPN as the backbone yields \textbf{4.2 mAP} gain on VOC2007 and \textbf{2.3 mAP} gain on COCO2017 over the baseline Smooth-$\ell_1$ Loss, at almost \textbf{no training and inferencing computational cost}. Specifically, the stricter the metric is, the more notable the gain is, improving \textbf{8.2 mAP} on VOC2007 and \textbf{5.4 mAP} on COCO2017 at metric $AP_{90}$.
Approaching the linguistic complexity
Creators: name: Drozdz, Stanislaw
name: Kwapien, Jaroslaw
name: Orczyk, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the rank-frequency distributions of words in selected English and Polish texts. We compare scaling properties of these distributions in both languages. We also study a few small corpora of Polish literary texts and find that for a corpus consisting of texts written by different authors the basic scaling regime is broken more strongly than in the case of comparable corpus consisting of texts written by the same author. Similarly, for a corpus consisting of texts translated into Polish from other languages the scaling regime is broken more strongly than for a comparable corpus of native Polish texts. Moreover, based on the British National Corpus, we consider the rank-frequency distributions of the grammatically basic forms of words (lemmas) tagged with their proper part of speech. We find that these distributions do not scale if each part of speech is analyzed separately. The only part of speech that independently develops a trace of scaling is verbs.
description: to be published in conference proceedings
Quarks and gluons in dense two-colour QCD
Creators: name: Skullerud, Jon-Ivar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute quark and gluon propagators in 2-colour QCD at large baryon chemical potential mu. The gluon propagator is found to be antiscreened at intermediate mu and screened at large mu. The quark propagator is drastically modified in the superfluid region as a result of the formation of a superfluid gap.
description: 4 pages, talk at Strong and Electroweak Matter 2008, Amsterdam
Presentation: Effect of Ammonium chloride And Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate With MolassesAs A Substrate For Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Production Of beta Glucan
Creators: name: Ririn Puspadewi
name: Putranti Adirestuti
name: Jesiana Agustine Arifin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This material presented in ACHOST 2020
Generation of equatorial jets by large-scale latent heating on the giant planets
Creators: name: Lian, Yuan
name: Showman, Adam P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional numerical simulations show that large-scale latent heating resulting from condensation of water vapor can produce multiple zonal jets similar to those on the gas giants (Jupiter and Saturn) and ice giants (Uranus and Neptune). For plausible water abundances (3-5 times solar on Jupiter/Saturn and 30 times solar on Uranus/Neptune), our simulations produce ~20 zonal jets for Jupiter and Saturn and 3 zonal jets on Uranus and Neptune, similar to the number of jets observed on these planets. Moreover, these Jupiter/Saturn cases produce equatorial superrotation whereas the Uranus/Neptune cases produce equatorial subrotation,consistent with the observed equatorial jet direction on these planets.Sensitivity tests show that water abundance, planetary rotation rate,and planetary radius are all controlling factors, with water playing the most important role; modest water abundances, large planetary radii, and fast rotation rates favor equatorial superrotation, whereas large water abundances favor equatorial subrotation regardless of the planetary radius and rotation rate. Given the larger radii, faster rotation rates, and probable lower water abundances of Jupiter and Saturn relative to Uranus and Neptune, our simulations therefore provide a possible mechanism for the existence of equatorial superrotation on Jupiter and Saturn and the lack of superrotation on Uranus and Neptune. Nevertheless, Saturn poses a possible difficulty, as our simulations were unable to explain the unusually high speed (~400m/s) of that planet's superrotating jet. The zonal jets in our simulations exhibit modest violations of the barotropic and Charney-Stern stability criteria. Overall, our simulations, while idealized, support the idea that latent heating plays an important role in generating the jets on the giant planets.
description: 34 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in Icarus
Star Formation Rates in [Ne V] 3426 Å Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evidence for a Decrease along the Main Sequence?
Creators: name: Feuillet, Léa
name: Meléndez, Marcio
name: Kraemer, Steve
name: Schmitt, Henrique
name: Fischer, Travis
name: Reeves, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying the behavior along the galaxy main sequence is key in furthering our understanding of the possible connection between AGN activity and star formation. We select a sample of 1215 AGN from the catalog of SDSS galaxy properties from the Portsmouth group by detection of the high-ionization [Ne V] 3426 Å emission line. Our sample extends from 10$^{40}$ to 10$^{42.5}$ erg/s in [Ne V] luminosity in a redshift range z = 0.17 to 0.57. We compare the specific star formation rates (sSFRs, SFR scaled by galaxy mass) obtained from the corrected [O II] and Hα luminosities, and the SED-determined values from Portsmouth. We find that the emission-line-based sSFR values are unreliable for the [Ne V] sample due to the AGN contribution, and proceed with the SED sSFRs for our study of the main sequence. We find evidence for a decrease in sSFR along the main sequence in the [Ne V] sample which is consistent with results from the hard X-ray BAT AGN sample, which extends to lower redshifts than our [Ne V] sample. Although we do not find evidence that the concurrent AGN activity is suppressing star formation, our results are consistent with a lower gas fraction in the host galaxies of the AGN as compared to that of the star forming galaxies. If the evacuation of gas, and therefore suppression of star formation is due to AGN activity, it must have occurred in a previous epoch.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Non-perturbative QCD Modeling and Meson Physics
Creators: name: Nguyen, T.
name: Souchlas, N. A.
name: Tandy, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a ladder-rainbow kernel previously established for light quark hadron physics, we explore the extension to masses and electroweak decay constants of ground state pseudoscalar and vector quarkonia and heavy-light mesons in the c- and b-quark regions. We make a systematic study of the effectiveness of a constituent mass concept as a replacement for a heavy quark dressed propagator for such states. The difference between vector and axial vector current correlators is explored within the same model to provide an estimate of the four quark chiral condensate and the leading distance scale for the onset of non-perturbative phenomena in QCD.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, presented at the XIII Mexican School on Particles and Fields, San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico, October 2008
Numerical Fuzz: A Type System for Rounding Error Analysis
Creators: name: Kellison, Ariel E.
name: Hsu, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Algorithms operating on real numbers are implemented as floating-point computations in practice, but floating-point operations introduce roundoff errors that can degrade the accuracy of the result. We propose $Λ_{num}$, a functional programming language with a type system that can express quantitative bounds on roundoff error. Our type system combines a sensitivity analysis, enforced through a linear typing discipline, with a novel graded monad to track the accumulation of roundoff errors. We prove that our type system is sound by relating the denotational semantics of our language to the exact and floating-point operational semantics. To demonstrate our system, we instantiate $Λ_{num}$ with error metrics proposed in the numerical analysis literature and we show how to incorporate rounding operations that faithfully model aspects of the IEEE 754 floating-point standard. To show that $Λ_{num}$ can be a useful tool for automated error analysis, we develop a prototype implementation for $Λ_{num}$ that infers error bounds that are competitive with existing tools, while often running significantly faster. Finally, we consider semantic extensions of our graded monad to bound error under more complex rounding behaviors, such as non-deterministic and randomized rounding.