cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Failure process of fiber bundles with random misalignment
Creators: name: Kun, Ferenc
name: Allan, Lynet
name: Batool, Attia
name: Danku, Zsuzsa
name: Pál, Gergő
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the failure process of fiber bundles with structural disorder represented by the random misalignment of fibers. The strength of fibers is assumed to be constant so that misalignment is the only source of disorder, which results in a heterogeneous load distribution over fibers. We show by analytical calculations and computer simulations that increasing the amount of structural disorder a transition occurs from a perfectly brittle behaviour with abrupt global failure to a quasi-brittle phase where failure is preceded by breaking avalanches. The size distribution of avalanches follows a power law functional form with a complex dependence of the exponent on the amount of disorder. In the vicinity of the critical point the avalanche exponent is 3/2, however, with increasing disorder a crossover emerges to a higher exponent 5/2. We show analytically that the mechanical behaviour of the bundle of misaligned fiber with no strength disorder can be mapped to an equal load sharing fiber bundle of perfectly aligned fibers with properly selected strength disorder.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
What Life is Like for Caregivers of Those with Dementia
Creators: name: AARP
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Relationship to care recipient (1); time spent caregiving (2); changes in relationships since caregiving (3); emotional/physical impacts of caregiving (18); career/work impacts of caregiving (8); resources/information for caregivers (4); challenges of caring for someone with dementia/cognitive impairment (1).
Non-Abelian Josephson effect between two spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in double optical traps
Creators: name: Qi, Ran
name: Yu, Xiao-Lu
name: Li, Z. B.
name: Liu, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-Abelian Josephson effect in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with double optical traps. We propose, for the first time, a real physical system which contains non-Abelian Josephson effects. The collective modes of this weak coupling system have very different density and spin tunneling characters comparing to the Abelian case. We calculate the frequencies of the pseudo Goldstone modes in different phases between two traps respectively, which are a crucial feature of the non-Abelian Josephson effects. We also give an experimental protocol to observe this novel effect in future experiments.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
A computer program analysing transients in multistage pumping systems
Creators: name: Schmitt, Klaus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Transient pressures subsequent to simultaneous power failure at all pumps of a multistage pumping system are analysed. Distributing pumping stations along a pipeline, rather than placing all of the required pumps within one pumping station, significantly reduces transient pressure fluctuations within the system. A computer program using the FORTRAN language is developed to analyse multistage pumping systems, with appropriate surge controls, in the event of such a power failure. These surge controls consist of valves, vacuum breakers, air chambers and reservoirs; with other controls easily added as they develop. Boundary conditions determining system controls are not developed as a part of this thesis, but are described for completeness. By comparing the maximum and minimum transient pressures occurring within- single stage and multistage systems, the premise that multistage systems give significantly lower transient pressures than single stage systems is substantiated. This reduction in transient pressures allows for possible savings in costs, as pipe wall thicknesses and the size of large, expensive control structures may be reduced. Examples demonstrating the use of the program are included.
Les impératifs sécuritaires méditerranéens à la lumière des nouveaux défis sanitaires, alimentaires et climatiques
Creators: name: HANJIR, JAOUAD
Publisher: name: Dar Al Qalam Impression - Edition, Rabat, Maroc
Year: 2023

description: Le bassin méditerranéen est devenu ces dernières années le théâtre d’une instabilité et d’insécurité suite aux transformations profondes et aux phénomènes émergents de toute direction. En partant de l’effondrement de l’URSS et la naissance du nouvel ordre mondial, la sécurité l’environnement international en général et méditerranéen en particulier est mise en péril par de nouvelles menaces. On parle désormais d’une globalisation de la sécurité. Les menaces sont désormais multidimensionnelles, elles ne sont pas uniquement d’ordre militaire, mais elles proviennent de toute direction. On a vu aux termes de cette partie que la Méditerranée souffre de plusieurs défis tels que les conflits, les déséquilibres d’ordre social, les défis relatifs au nouvel ordre mondial tels que le terrorisme ; ainsi que les disparités et les enjeux économiques énergétiques et climatiques. Face à cette situation critique, il semble aujourd’hui nécessaire la mise en place d’une politique méditerranéenne consolidée pour faire face à ces défis.
New method for extracting neutron structure functions from nuclear data
Creators: name: Kahn, Yonatan
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Kulagin, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method for extracting neutron structure functions from inclusive structure functions of nuclei. Unlike earlier approaches, the new method is applicable to both spin-averaged and spin-dependent structure functions. We test the reliability of the method on unpolarized F_2 and polarized g_1 structure functions of the deuteron in both the nucleon resonance and deep inelastic regions. The new method is able to reproduce known input functions of almost arbitrary shape to very good accuracy with only several iterations.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. C
Analytical Model of Spin-Polarized Semiconductor Lasers
Creators: name: Gothgen, Christian
name: Oszwaldowski, Rafal
name: Petrou, Athos
name: Zutic, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate an analytical model for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with injection (pump) of spin-polarized electrons. Our results for two different modes of carrier recombination allow for a systematic analysis of the operational regimes of the spin-VCSELs. We demonstrate that threshold reduction by electrically-pumped spin-polarized carriers can be larger than previously assumed possible. Near the threshold, such VCSELs can act as effective non-linear filters of circularly-polarized light, owing to their spin-dependent gain.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Ribosome collisions and Translation efficiency: Optimization by codon usage and mRNA destabilization
Creators: name: Mitarai, Namiko
name: Sneppen, Kim
name: Pedersen, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Individual mRNAs are translated by multiple ribosomes that initiate translation with a few seconds interval. The ribosome speed is codon dependant, and ribosome queuing has been suggested to explain specific data for translation of some mRNAs in vivo. By modelling the stochastic translation process as a traffic problem, we here analyze conditions and consequences of collisions and queuing. The model allowed us to determine the on-rate (0.8 to 1.1 initiations per sec) and the time (1 sec) the preceding ribosome occludes initiation for Escherichia coli lacZ mRNA in vivo. We find that ribosome collisions and queues are inevitable consequences of a stochastic translation mechanism that reduce the translation efficiency substantially on natural mRNAs. The cells minimize collisions by having its mRNAs being unstable and by a highly selected codon usage in the start of the mRNA. The cost of mRNA breakdown is offset by the concomitant increase in translational efficiency.
description: 5 figures, 3 tables
The theory of magnetic field induced domain-wall propagation in magnetic nanowires
Creators: name: Wang, X. R.
name: Yan, P.
name: Lu, J.
name: He, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A global picture of magnetic domain wall (DW) propagation in a nanowire driven by a magnetic field is obtained: A static DW cannot exist in a homogeneous magnetic nanowire when an external magnetic field is applied. Thus, a DW must vary with time under a static magnetic field. A moving DW must dissipate energy due to the Gilbert damping. As a result, the wire has to release its Zeeman energy through the DW propagation along the field direction. The DW propagation speed is proportional to the energy dissipation rate that is determined by the DW structure. An oscillatory DW motion, either the precession around the wire axis or the breath of DW width, should lead to the speed oscillation.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Teleportation using squeezed single photons
Creators: name: Branczyk, Agata M
name: Ralph, T. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of squeezed single photon states as a resource for teleportation of coherent state qubits and propose proof-of-principle experiments for the demonstration of coherent state teleportation and entanglement swapping. We include an analysis of the squeezed vacuum as a simpler approximation to small-amplitude cat states. We also investigate the effects of imperfect sources and inefficient detection on the proposed experiments.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Short Distance Physics and Initial State Effects on the CMB Power Spectrum
Creators: name: Zarei, Moslem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a modification in the action of inflaton due to noncommutativity leads to a nonstandard initial vacuum and oscillatory corrections in the initial power spectrum. We show that the presence of these oscillations causes a drop in the WMAP $χ^{2}$ about $Δχ^{2}\sim 8.5$. As a bonus, from the parameter estimation done in this work, we show that the noncommutative parameters can be precisely bound to $10^{16}$ GeV or $10^{4}$ GeV depending on the inflation scale.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, v2
Asymptotic limits of transient patterns in a continuous-space interacting particle system
Creators: name: González-Tokman, Cecilia
name: Oelz, Dietmar B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a discrete-time interacting particle system with continuous state space which is motivated by a mathematical model for turnover through branching in actin filament networks. It gives rise to transient clusters reminiscent of actin filament assemblies in the cortex of living cells. We reformulate the process in terms of the inter-particle distances and characterise their marginal and joint distributions. We construct a recurrence relation for the associated characteristic functions and pass to the large population limit, reminiscent of the Fleming-Viot super-processes. The precise characterisation of all marginal distributions established in this work opens the way to a detailed analysis of cluster dynamics. We also obtain a recurrence relation which enables us to compute the moments of the asymptotic single particle distribution characterising the transient aggregates. Our results indicate that aggregates have a fat-tailed distribution.
description: 22 pages
Partition Functions for Membrane Theories
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Mekareeya, Noppadol
name: Zaffaroni, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Partition functions for M2-brane theories in various backgrounds are computed. We consider in particular configurations of membranes at orbifold singularities preserving N=5 or N=6 supersymmetry. The worldvolume membrane theory for some of these configurations has been recently constructed in terms of N=6 Chern-Simons theories. The detailed structure of the partition functions as well as their transformation rules under the R-symmetry are explicitly computed using the Plethystic Programme.
description: 24 pages
A comprehensive review and new taxonomy on superpixel segmentation
Creators: name: Barcelos, I. B.
name: Belém, F. de C.
name: João, L. de M.
name: Patrocínio, Z. K. G. do
name: Falcão, A. X.
name: Guimarães, S. J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6
subject: 68U10, 68T45

description: Superpixel segmentation consists of partitioning images into regions composed of similar and connected pixels. Its methods have been widely used in many computer vision applications since it allows for reducing the workload, removing redundant information, and preserving regions with meaningful features. Due to the rapid progress in this area, the literature fails to catch up on more recent works among the compared ones and to categorize the methods according to all existing strategies. This work fills this gap by presenting a comprehensive review with new taxonomy for superpixel segmentation, in which methods are classified according to their processing steps and processing levels of image features. We revisit the recent and popular literature according to our taxonomy and evaluate 20 strategies based on nine criteria: connectivity, compactness, delineation, control over the number of superpixels, color homogeneity, robustness, running time, stability, and visual quality. Our experiments show the trends of each approach in pixel clustering and discuss individual trade-offs. Finally, we provide a new benchmark for superpixel assessment, available at https://github.com/IMScience-PPGINF-PucMinas/superpixel-benchmark.
description: 54 pages. This is the author version of the manuscript of the same name published in ACM Computing Surveys
title: Erweiterung von Gefahren- und Risikoanalysen der Funktionalen Sicherheit um Aspekte der Produktsicherheit nach ISO 12100
Creators: name: Emig, Moritz
name: Metz, Pierre
name: Reißing, Ralf
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gefährdungs- und Risikoanalyse
subject: HARA
subject: Produktsicherheit
subject: ProSi-HARA
subject: nicht-funktionale Gefährdungen

description: Bei der Brose Fahrzeugteile SE & Co. KG wird eine Gefährdungs- und Risikoanalyse (HARA) nach der ISO 26262 [DI18] angewandt. Diese Analyse betrachtet zufällige oder systematische Fehlfunktionen, die durch E/E-Probleme (Elektrik/Elektronik) verursacht werden. Die HARA soll nun um die Produktsicherheit (ProSi) erweitert werden. Diesbezüglich existiert bereits ein Brose-interner Ansatz, mit welchem allerdings nur funktionale Aspekte ermittelbar sind. Bei der ProSi-HARA sollen allerdings auch nicht-funktionale Gefährdungen (NFH) berücksichtigt werden. Damit bei der ProSi-HARA-Durchführung so viele NFH wie möglich ermittelt werden können, wurde als Hilfsmittel eine Checkliste generiert. Diese basiert auf der Tabelle B.1 der ISO 12100 [DI11], die sich mit der Sicherheit von Maschinen beschäftigt. Anschließend wurden drei alternative Konzepte zur Integration der Checkliste in die ProSi-HARA erarbeitet. Die Konzepte wurden in einem Pilotprojekt bei Brose erprobt. Dabei hat sich eines der Konzepte klar mit dem besten Aufwand-Nutzenverhältnis durchgesetzt. Mittels dieser Vorgehensweise konnten mit der Checkliste eine Vielzahl eigenständiger NFH identifiziert werden, die mit der herkömmlichen HARA nicht erkannt worden wären. Mit eigenständig sind hier NFH gemeint, die nicht in Zusammenhang mit funktionalen Fehlern oder Use Cases (funktionalen Anwendungsfälle) stehen.
Proceso de construcción del Índice Compuesto Coincidente Mensual de Actividad Económica de la Provincia de Santa Fe (ICASFe)
Creators: name: Cohan, Pablo Pedro
name: D´Jorge, María Lucrecia
name: Henderson, Santiago Javier
name: Sagua, Carolina
Publisher: name: Asociación Argentina de Economía Política
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride/economics

description: El siguiente documento expone los resultados preliminares obtenidos en la construcción del Indicador Compuesto Coincidente Mensual de Actividad Económica de la provincia de Santa Fe (ICASFe) y la descripción completa de las series que lo componen.

El período temporal abordado se extiende desde 1994 hasta 2007, pero en la práctica el proyecto mantendrá su continuidad en el largo plazo. Los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha muestran que la evolución de la economía provincial es muy sólida: con relación a los ciclos clásicos de Argentina, Santa Fe presenta recesiones de menor duración y por consiguiente expansiones más largas.
Cosmic coincidence problem and variable constants of physics
Creators: name: Jamil, Mubasher
name: Rahaman, Farook
name: Kalam, Mehedi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard model of cosmology is investigated using time dependent cosmological constant $Λ$ and Newton's gravitational constant $G$. The total energy content is described by the modified Chaplygin gas equation of state. It is found that the time dependent constants coupled with the modified Chaplygin gas interpolate between the earlier matter to the later dark energy dominated phase of the universe. We also achieve a convergence of parameter $ω\to-1$, with minute fluctuations, showing an evolving $ω$. Thus our model fairly alleviates the cosmic coincidence problem which demands $ω=-1$ at present time.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures
Hall coefficient and Hc2 in underdoped LaFeAsO0.95F0.05
Creators: name: Kohama, Y.
name: Kamihara, Y.
name: Riggs, S.
name: Balakirev, F. F.
name: Atake, T.
name: Jaime, M.
name: Hirano, M.
name: Hosono, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical resistivity and Hall coefficient of LaFeAsO0.95F0.05 polycrystalline samples were measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to m0H = 60 T from room temperature to 1.5 K. The resistance of the normal state shows a negative temperature coefficient (dr/dT < 0) below 70 K for this composition, indicating insulating ground state in underdoped LaFeAsO system in contrast to heavily doped compound. The charge carrier density obtained from Hall effect can be described as constant plus a thermally activated term with an energy gap DE = 630 K. Upper critical field, Hc2, estimated from resistivity measurements, exceeds 75 T with zero-field Tc = 26.3 K, suggesting an unconventional nature for superconductivity.
description: 12 pages and 4 figures
title: Praxisbericht: Anforderungsmanagement zur Unterstützung im Aufbau von modernen Enterprise Architekturen in der Rubner Gruppe
Creators: name: Alton, Severin
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anforderungsmanagement
subject: Systemlandschaften
subject: Enterprise Architektur
subject: Integrationsplattform
subject: Middleware
subject: Proof of Concept
subject: IT Strategie

description: Historisch gewachsene Enterprise Architekturen stellen jedes Unternehmen vor komplexe Heraus-forderungen. Die Transformation ganzer Systemlandschaften ist kostenintensiv und dauert mitunter Jahre. Die Fachbereiche der Unternehmen müssen auf ständige Änderungen am Markt in kürzester Zeit reagieren. Auch moderne IT-Organisationen müssen deshalb in der Lage sein, neue Anforderungen der Fachbereiche in kurzen Zeiten umzusetzen und dabei den Ressourceneinsatz so effizient wie möglich zu gestalten. Dieser Artikel beschreibt, welchen Ansatz die IT-Organisation der Rubner Gruppe gewählt hat, um die Fachbereiche mit den bestmöglichen IT-Lösungen zu versorgen.
On the distribution of consecutive composite odd numbers and twin primes
Creators: name: Wolf, Marc
name: Wolf, FranÇOis
name: Villemin, FranÇOis-Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 00A05

description: We study pairs of consecutive odd numbers through a straightforward indexing. We focus in particular on twin primes and their distribution. With a counting argument, we calculate the limit of an alternating sum that is equal to 1 which means there are few twin primes. Finally, we show how to find the possible congruences for these prime numbers.
description: 16 pages
On Dark Matter As A Geometric Effect in the Galactic Halo
Creators: name: Camci, Ugur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain more straightforwardly some features of dark matter distribution in the halos of galaxies by considering the spherically symmetric space-time, which satisfies the flat rotational curve condition, and the geometric equation of state resulting from the modified gravity theory. In order to measure the equation of state for dark matter in the galactic halo, we provide a general formalism taking into account the modified $f(X)$ gravity theories. Here, $f(X)$ is a general function of $X \in \{ R, \mathcal{G}, T \}$, where $R, \mathcal{G}$ and $T$ are the Ricci scalar, the Gauss-Bonnet scalar and the torsion scalar, respectively. These theories yield that the flat rotation curves appear as a consequence of the additional geometric structure accommodated by those of modified gravity theories. Constructing a geometric equation of state $w_{_X} \equiv p_{_X} / ρ_{_X}$ and inspiring by some values of the equation of state for the ordinary matter, we infer some properties of dark matter in galactic halos of galaxies.
description: 11 pages, 2, tables, 2 figures; Matches published version in Astrophysics and Space Science
title: Wann fahren wir autonom? Eine Untersuchung aus technischer und rechtlicher Sicht.
Creators: name: Birkemeyer, Lukas
name: Delventhal, Marlene
name: Schaefer, Ina
name: Schmieder, Fabian
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: AFGBV
subject: Automatisiertes Fahren
subject: Fahrerlaubnis
subject: Gesetz zum autonomen Fahren
subject: SOTIF

description: Autonomes Fahren rückt immer mehr in den Fokus der Gesellschaft. Im Gesetz zum autonomen Fahren sieht die deutsche Bundesregierung einen Meilenstein, der die Realisierung des autonomen Fahrens ermöglicht. Dennoch sind keine serienreifen, autonomen Fahrfunktionen auf deutschen Straßen zugelassen. Wie weit sind wir noch vom Traum vom autonomen Fahren entfernt? In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, welche offenen Fragen es aus juristischer und technischer Sicht gibt und in welchen Punkten beide Disziplinen aufeinander warten. Der aktuelle Stand wird in den Bereichen Typgenehmigung/Zulassung, Fahrerlaubnis (Führerschein) und Haftung systematisch untersucht. Mit Hilfe eines Gedankenexperiments, bei dem der menschliche Fahrer durch einen Roboterfahrer ersetzt wird, wird eine einheitliche Basis geschaffen, um automatisierte Fahrfunktionen und Fahrerassistenzsysteme zu vergleichen. Dieser Beitrag deckt offene Fragen auf, die für die Realisierung des vollständig autonomen Fahrens noch beantwortet werden müssen. Eine praktische Umsetzung erfordert eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit, insbesondere von Expert*innen aus den Bereichen Regulierung, Technik und Sozialwissenschaften.
The land question in Anglo-French political economy, 1750-1830
Creators: name: Andersen, Lasse Solgaard
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2025
Subjects: Political economy
Land reform
Adam Smith
Agriculture
Liberalism
Thomas Robert Malthus
John Stuart Mill

description: This thesis examines the political economy of land reform in Anglo-French political economy between c. 1750 and 1830. One of the main aims is to provide a comprehensive historical answer to the vexed question about the seeming discrepancy between the rhetoric and reality of land reform, especially in the American Revolution and in British political economy from Adam Smith to Thomas Paine and beyond. In doing so, the thesis explores, among other things, the way in which parental affection became a central topic of discussion in the debates about land reform and inheritance in the 18th and early 19th century. More specifically, the thesis shows how parental affection became a source of optimism in the late 18th century, only to become associated with great fear following the French Revolution. More broadly, the thesis provides a reinterpretation of Anglo-French political economy that places questions regarding the tenure, transfer and taxation of land at the centre of political economy. Another aim of this thesis is to show how the question of agricultural self-sufficiency was connected to the problem of jealousy of trade between nations, as well as to show how the debate about the best organisation of agriculture, often referred to as the ‘large farm-small farm debate’, was not merely a debate about economic efficiency but involved a much starker choice between civilisation and barbarism. Most importantly, however, it is a central claim of this thesis that the political economy of the Anglo-French world between 1750 and 1830 had as one of its primary concerns the question whether civilisation could be entrusted to the living; that is, whether the will of the dead, insofar as it pertained to the distribution of land, ought to curtail the will of the living generation.
Resonant Analytic Fields Applied to Generic Multi-state Systems
Creators: name: Takami, Toshiya
name: Fujisaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotating-wave approximation and its validity in multi-state quantum systems are studied through analytic approach. Their applicability is also verified from the viewpoint of generic states by the use of direct numerical integrations of the Schroedinger equation. First, we introduce an extension of the rotating-wave approximation for multi-state systems. Under an assumption that a smooth transition is induced by the optimal field, we obtain three types of analytic control fields and demonstrate their validity and deficiency for generic systems represented by random matrices. Through the comparison, we conclude that the analytic field based on our coarse-grained approach outperforms the other ones for generic quantum systems with a large number of states. Finally, the further extension of the analytic field is introduced for realistic chaotic systems and its validity is shown in banded random matrix systems.
description: 9 pages, 12 figure files, a revised version will appear in J. Mod. Opt
title: Cassava foliage as an animal feed
Creators: name: Karege, Callixte
Publisher: name: The University of Edinburgh
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Annexe MSc Digitisation Project 2022 Block 48
subject: Cassava foliage
subject: Nutritive value
subject: Protein supplement
subject: Digestibility
subject: Nitrogen balance

description: The place of the aerial part of the cassava plant as an animal feed is examined in this study. In the first part, a survey of the published literature reviewed the botanical and agronomic characteristics of the plant, the production of cassava forage, its chemical composition and nutritive value, the presence of cyanogene tic substances and the economic potential of widespread use. Two experimental studies were undertaken to determine the nutritive value of cassava foliage for ruminants-. The first determined the effect of the different stages of maturity and the second the possibilities of using cassava foliage as a protein supplement for poor hay during the dry season. Twelve goats and twelve sheep were used in each experiment. Experiment I comprised three different plant regrowths (tips = 10cm; half length = 25cm; full length = l|.0cm) and a sample of leaves and petioles. The results showed that the digestibility coefficients of the cassava tips were significantly better than the other samples. The absence of differences amongst the other samples showed that the nutritive value of the forage should be related to the physiological age rather than the height. All the treatments showed a positive nitrogen balance. High urinary nitrogen losses were recorded which, it is suggested, were related to the high solubility of the cassava forage protein. In the second experiment, a poor dry season hay (Hyparrhenia sp) was supplemented with three different levels of cassava forage. Cassava forage supplementation linearly increased the dry matter intake, water consumption, and the digestibility coefficients of dry matter and organic matter. The neutral detergent fibre digestibility coefficients did not show any variation due to treatment, while those of acid detergent fibre and cellulose decreased linearly as the level of cassava forage in the diet increased. Animals on treatments containing cassava forage showed a positive nitrogen retention which increased linearly with the increased level of the forage, while negative nitrogen balances were recorded on the treatments containing Byparrhenia spp only. It was concluded that cassava would be a good source of protein supplementation during the dry season in tropical areas.
Additional file 1 of The development of early social cognitive skills in neurogenetic syndromes associated with autism: Cornelia de Lange, fragile X and Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes
Creators: name: Ellis, Katherine
name: Moss, Jo
name: Stefanidou, Chrysi
name: Oliver, Chris
name: Apperly, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Social cognition in neurogenetic syndromes. Description of counterbalanced orders for Early Social Cognition Scale tasks
Additional file 2 of The development of early social cognitive skills in neurogenetic syndromes associated with autism: Cornelia de Lange, fragile X and Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes
Creators: name: Ellis, Katherine
name: Moss, Jo
name: Stefanidou, Chrysi
name: Oliver, Chris
name: Apperly, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. ESCogS tasks. Description of the ability assessed, passing criteria and control trials for each task in the ESCogS
title: Simultaneous lacrimal and parotid gland lymphoma
Creators: name: García Castellanos, David
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Head & neck imaging
subject: Salivary glands
subject: MR
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 57-year-old woman presents with a left preauricular lump of two weeks’ evolution. Physical examination reveals a soft, mobile 1 cm left preauricular lump upon superficial palpation. An MRI and a fine-needle aspiration biopsy was requested for further evaluation.

description: 57 years, female
Electromagnetically-Induced-Transparency-Like Effect in the Degenerate Triple-Resonant Optical Parametric Amplifier
Creators: name: Ye, Chenguang
name: Zhang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally the absorptive and dispersive properties of triple-resonant optical parametric amplifier OPA for the degenerate subharmonic field. In the experiment, the subharmonic field is utilized as the probe field and the harmonic wave as the pump field. We demonstrate that EIT-like effect can be simulated in the triple-resonant OPA when the cavity line-width for the harmonic wave is narrower than that for the subharmonic field. However, this phenomenon can not be observed in a double-resonant OPA. The narrow transparency window appears in the reflected field. Especially, in the measured dispersive spectra of triple-resonant OPA, a very steep variation of the dispersive profile of the subharmonic field is observed, which can result in a slow light as that observed in atomic EIT medium.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, appear in Opt. Lett
Foundations for the Future: Institution building for the purpose of Artificial Intelligence governance
Creators: name: Stix, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Governance efforts for artificial intelligence (AI) are taking on increasingly more concrete forms, drawing on a variety of approaches and instruments from hard regulation to standardisation efforts, aimed at mitigating challenges from high-risk AI systems. To implement these and other efforts, new institutions will need to be established on a national and international level. This paper sketches a blueprint of such institutions, and conducts in-depth investigations of three key components of any future AI governance institutions, exploring benefits and associated drawbacks: (1) purpose, relating to the institution's overall goals and scope of work or mandate; (2) geography, relating to questions of participation and the reach of jurisdiction; and (3) capacity, the infrastructural and human make-up of the institution. Subsequently, the paper highlights noteworthy aspects of various institutional roles specifically around questions of institutional purpose, and frames what these could look like in practice, by placing these debates in a European context and proposing different iterations of a European AI Agency. Finally, conclusions and future research directions are proposed.
Approximation of Sums of Experimental Radiative Strength Functions of Dipole Gamma-Transitions in the Region $E_γ\approx B_n$ for the Atomic Masses $40 \leq a \leq 200$
Creators: name: Sukhovoj, A. M.
name: Furman, W. I.
name: Khitrov, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sums k(E1)+k(M1) of radiative strength functions of dipole primary gamma-transitions were approximated with high precision in the energy region of $0.5 < E_1 < B_n-0.5$ MeV for nuclei: 40K, 60Co, 71,74Ge, 80Br, 114Cd, 118Sn, 124,125Te, 128I, 137,138,139Ba, 140La, 150Sm, 156,158Gd, 160Tb, 163,164,165Dy, 166Ho, 168Er, 170Tm, 174Yb, 176,177Lu, 181Hf, 182Ta, 183,184,185,187W, 188,190,191,193Os, 192Ir, 196Pt, 198Au, 200Hg by sum of two independent functions. It has been shown that this parameter of gamma-decay are determined by the structure of the decaying and excited levels, at least, up to the neutron binding energy.
description: 16 pages, 1 table, 7 figures
The correct sense of Faraday rotation
Creators: name: Ferrière, K.
name: West, J. L.
name: Jaffe, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of Faraday rotation of linearly polarized synchrotron emission in a magneto-ionized medium has been understood and studied for decades. But since the sense of the rotation itself is irrelevant in most contexts, some uncertainty and inconsistencies have arisen in the literature about this detail. Here, we start from basic plasma theory to describe the propagation of polarized emission from a background radio source through a magnetized, ionized medium in order to rederive the correct sense of Faraday rotation. We present simple graphics to illustrate the decomposition of a linearly polarized wave into right and left circularly polarized modes, the temporal and spatial propagation of the phases of those modes, and the resulting physical rotation of the polarization orientation. We then re-examine the case of a medium that both Faraday-rotates and emits polarized radiation and show how a helical magnetic field can construct or destruct the Faraday rotation. This paper aims to resolve a source of confusion that has arisen between the plasma physics and radio astronomy communities and to help avoid common pitfalls when working with this unintuitive phenomenon.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
AYQASH TO'G'RI CHIZIQLAR ORASIDAGI MASOFA
Creators: name: BUXOROVA, IRODA
name: RAHIMOVA, HOSILA
name: ZAXRIDDINOVA, SHAXLO
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada ayqash toʻgʻri chiziqlar orasidagi masofani hisoblashga oid masalalar muhokama qilinadi. Ayqash chiziqlar deganda, o'zaro paralel bo'lmagan va bir-biriga burchakli boʻlgan toʻgʻri chiziqlar tushuniladi. Maqola, geometriya fanining asosiy tushunchalariga tayangan holda, ayqash toʻgʻri chiziqlar orasidagi masofani aniqlashning matematika va geometriya usullari orqali qanday amalga oshirilishini tushuntiradi. Bu masala, o'zaro parallel yoki burchakli joylashgan toʻgʻri chiziqlar orasidagi eng qisqa masofani aniqlash uchun murakkab algebraik va geometrik yechimlarni talab qiladi. Annotatsiya, ayniqsa, bu masalalarni chuqurroq o'rganishga va turli geometrik vaziyatlarni aniqlashga qiziqadigan talabalar va ilmiy izlanish olib borayotganlar uchun foydalidir. Maqola, bunday masalalar bilan bog'liq ko'plab amaliy ilovalar va amaliy muammolarni yoritadi.
Additional file 3 of The development of early social cognitive skills in neurogenetic syndromes associated with autism: Cornelia de Lange, fragile X and Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes
Creators: name: Ellis, Katherine
name: Moss, Jo
name: Stefanidou, Chrysi
name: Oliver, Chris
name: Apperly, Ian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Social cognition in neurogenetic syndromes. Pattern of pass and fails for each Early Social Cognition Scale task per participant in each syndrome group for the original scale
Center vortices and the quark propagator in SU(2) gauge theory
Creators: name: Bowman, Patrick O.
name: Langfeld, Kurt
name: Leinweber, Derek B.
name: Cais, Alan O'
name: Sternbeck, Andre
name: von Smekal, Lorenz
name: Williams, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behavior of the AsqTad quark propagator in Landau gauge on quenched SU(2) gauge configurations under the removal of center vortices. In contrast to recent results in SU(3), we clearly see the infrared enhancement of the mass function disappear if center vortices are removed, a sign of the intimate relation between center vortices and chiral symmetry breaking in SU(2) gauge-field theory. These results provide a benchmark with which to interpret the SU(3) results. In addition, we consider vortex-only configurations. On those, the quark dressing function behaves roughly as on the full configurations, and the mass function picks up an almost linear momentum dependence.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Version to appear in PRD with slightly extended discussion in section V and 3 new references
Systems Astrochemistry: A New Doctrine for Experimental Studies
Creators: name: Mason, Nigel J.
name: Hailey, Perry A.
name: Mifsud, Duncan V.
name: Urquhart, James S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laboratory experiments play a key role in deciphering the chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM) and the role that product complex organic molecules (COMs) may play in the origins of life. However, to date, most studies in experimental astrochemistry have made use of reductionist approaches to experimental design in which chemical responses to variations in a single parameter are investigated while all other parameters are held constant. Although such work does afford insight into the chemistry of the ISM, it is likely that several important points, such as the relative importance of an experimental parameter in determining the chemical outcome of a reaction and the interaction between parameters, remain ambiguous. In light of this, we propose adopting a new systems astrochemistry framework for experimental studies which draws on current work performed in the field of prebiotic chemistry, and present the basic tenants of such an approach in this article. This systems approach would focus on the emergent properties of the chemical system by performing the simultaneous variation of multiple experimental parameters and would allow for the effect of each parameter, as well as their interactions, to be quantified. We anticipate that the application of systems science to laboratory astrochemistry, coupled with developments in hyphenated analytical techniques and data analytics, will uncover significant new data hitherto unknown, and will aid in better linking laboratory experiments to observations and modelling work.
description: 32 pages including 11 figures and 2 tables. To be submitted in Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Saraf, Shubhangi
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 169, 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020), pages 0:i-0:xvi
Additional file 1 of Physical exercise and goal attainment after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a randomised clinical trial
Creators: name: Rydja, Johanna
name: Kollén, Lena
name: Hellström, Per
name: Owen, Katarina
name: Lundgren Nilsson, Åsa
name: Wikkelsø, Carsten
name: Tullberg, Mats
name: Lundin, Fredrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Home exercises.
The Sizes and Luminosities of Massive Star Clusters
Creators: name: Murray, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of star clusters range over seven decades, from ten up to one hundred million solar masses. Remarkably, clusters with masses in the range 10^4 to 10^6 solar mases show no systematic variation of radius with mass. However, recent observations have shown that clusters with masses greater than 3x10^6 solar masses do show an increase in size with increasing mass. We point out that clusters with m>10^6 solar masses were optically thick to far infrared radiation when they formed, and explore the hypothesis that the size of clusters with m> 3x10^6 solar masses is set by a balance between accretion powered radiation pressure and gravity when the clusters formed, yielding a mass-radius relation r~0.3(m/10^6M_\odot)^{3/5} pc. We show that the Jeans mass in optically thick objects increases systematically with cluster mass. We argue, by assuming that the break in the stellar initial mass function is set by the Jeans mass, that optically thick clusters are born with top heavy initial mass functions; it follows that they are over-luminous compared to optically thin clusters when young, and have a higher mass to light ratio Upsilon_V=m/L_V when older than ~1 Gyr. Old, optically thick clusters have Upsilon_V~ mcl^{0.1-0.3}. It follows that L_V~σ^β, where σis the cluster velocity dispersion, and β~4. It appears that Upsilon_V is an increasing function of cluster mass for compact clusters and ultra-compact dwarf galaxies. We show that this is unlikely to be due to the presence of non-baryonic dark matter, by comparing clusters to Milky Way satellite galaxies, which are dark matter dominated. The satellite galaxies appear to have a fixed mass inside a fiducial radius, M(r=r_0)=const.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal
Conductance plateau transitions in quantum Hall wires with spatially correlated random magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kawarabayashi, Tohru
name: Ono, Yoshiyuki
name: Ohtsuki, Tomi
name: Kettemann, Stefan
name: Struck, Alexander
name: Kramer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum transport properties in quantum Hall wires in the presence of spatially correlated disordered magnetic fields are investigated numerically. It is found that the correlation drastically changes the transport properties associated with the edge state, in contrast to the naive expectation that the correlation simply reduces the effect of disorder. In the presence of correlation, the separation between the successive conductance plateau transitions becomes larger than the bulk Landau level separation determined by the mean value of the disordered magnetic fields. The transition energies coincide with the Landau levels in an effective magnetic field stronger than the mean value of the disordered magnetic field. For a long wire, the strength of this effective magnetic field is of the order of the maximum value of the magnetic fields in the system. It is shown that the effective field is determined by a part where the stronger magnetic field region connects both edges of the wire.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 2 of Physical exercise and goal attainment after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a randomised clinical trial
Creators: name: Rydja, Johanna
name: Kollén, Lena
name: Hellström, Per
name: Owen, Katarina
name: Lundgren Nilsson, Åsa
name: Wikkelsø, Carsten
name: Tullberg, Mats
name: Lundin, Fredrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: INPH scale decription.