cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Securing Quantum Computations in the NISQ Era
Creators: name: Kashefi, Elham
name: Leichtle, Dominik
name: Music, Luka
name: Ollivier, Harold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent experimental achievements motivate an ever-growing interest from companies starting to feel the limitations of classical computing. Yet, in light of ongoing privacy scandals, the future availability of quantum computing through remotely accessible servers pose peculiar challenges: Clients with quantum-limited capabilities want their data and algorithms to remain hidden, while being able to verify that their computations are performed correctly. Research in blind and verifiable delegation of quantum computing attempts to address this question. However, available techniques suffer not only from high overheads but also from over-sensitivity: When running on noisy devices, imperfections trigger the same detection mechanisms as malicious attacks, resulting in perpetually aborted computations. Hence, while malicious quantum computers are rendered harmless by blind and verifiable protocols, inherent noise severely limits their usability. We address this problem with an efficient, robust, blind, verifiable scheme to delegate deterministic quantum computations with classical inputs and outputs. We show that: 1) a malicious Server can cheat at most with an exponentially small success probability; 2) in case of sufficiently small noise, the protocol succeeds with a probability exponentially close to 1; 3) the overhead is barely a polynomial number of repetitions of the initial computation interleaved with test runs requiring the same physical resources in terms of memory and gates; 4) the amount of tolerable noise, measured by the probability of failing a test run, can be as high as 25% for some computations and will be generally bounded by 12.5% when using a planar graph resource state. The key points are that security can be provided without universal computation graphs and that, in our setting, full fault-tolerance is not needed to amplify the confidence level exponentially close to 1.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. Results from this article have been extended to allow verification of BQP computations in arXiv:2109.04042
On the State of Water Ice on Saturn's Moon Titan and Implications to Icy Bodies in the Outer Solar System
Creators: name: Zheng, Weijun
name: Jewitt, David
name: Kaiser, Ralf I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystalline state of water ice in the Solar System depends on the temperature history of the ice and the influence of energetic particles to which it has been exposed. We measured the infrared absorption spectra of amorphous and crystalline water ice in the 10-50 K and 10-140 K temperature range, respectively, and conducted a systematic experimental study to investigate the amorphization of crystalline water ice via ionizing radiation irradiation at doses of up to 160 \pm 30 eV per molecule. We found that crystalline water ice can be converted only partially to amorphous ice by electron irradiation. The experiments showed that a fraction of the 1.65 \mum band, which is characteristic for crystalline water ice, survived the irradiation, to a degree that strongly depends on the temperature. Quantitative kinetic fits of the temporal evolution of the 1.65 \mum band clearly demonstrate that there is a balance between thermal recrystallization and irradiation-induced amorphization, with thermal recrystallizaton dominant at higher temperatures. Our experiments show the amorphization at 40K was incomplete, in contradiction to Mastrapa and Brown's conclusion (Icarus 2006, 183, 207.). At 50 K, the recrystallization due to thermal effects is strong, and most of the crystalline ice survived. Temperatures of most icy objects in the Solar System, including Jovian satellites, Saturnian satellites (including Titan), and Kuiper Belt Objects, are equal to or above 50 K; this explains why water ice detected on those objects is mostly crystalline.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Lücker, Maria Alberta, Religionen - Frieden - Menschenrechte
Creators: name: Jaspert, Bernd
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 2 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 2
PEASANT INITIATIVE FOR SOIL CONSERVATION: CASE STUDIES OF RECENT TECHNICAL AND SOCIAL INNOVATIONS FROM MAISSADE, HAITI
Creators: name: White, Thomas A.
name: White, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Theories of Haitian underdevelopment, and of the causes and solutions to that underdevelopment are many, complex and often competing. At a very basic level though, Haitian development involves the mastery of ever changing conditions and requires continual innovation, adaption and the ability to create and exploit resources both internal and external to the farm, to the community and to the nation. The capacity to innovate and adapt is thus essential and is a foundation of sustained economic and social development. The purpose of this paper is to consider the phenomenon of innovation in rural Haiti by examining two case studies of technical and social innovations for soil conservation The studies are prefaced with a historical review of indigenous and donor responses to soil erosion, and a synopsis of theories concerning how innovations emerge and the factors influencing that emergence. Special attention is paid to the role of history and culture, political economy, and social organization in innovation. The studies suggest that the soil conservation innovations examined can be understood as thrifty and incremental cultural evolution; that small groups were loci for innovation; and that knowledge shared between scientists and peasants in a conversational approach positively affects the generation of innovations.
Twisting non-shearing congruences of null geodesics, almost CR structures, and Einstein metrics in even dimensions
Creators: name: Taghavi-Chabert, Arman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C50, 53B30, 53C18, 53C10, 32V05, 83C20, 32Q20, 32Q60

description: We investigate the geometry of a twisting non-shearing congruence of null geodesics on a conformal manifold of even dimension greater than four and Lorentzian signature. We give a necessary and sufficient condition on the Weyl tensor for the twist to induce an almost Robinson structure, that is, the screen bundle of the congruence is equipped with a bundle complex structure. In this case, the (local) leaf space of the congruence acquires a partially integrable contact almost CR structure of positive definite signature. We give further curvature conditions for the integrability of the almost Robinson structure and the almost CR structure, and for the flatness of the latter. We show that under a mild natural assumption on the Weyl tensor, any metric in the conformal class that is a solution to the Einstein field equations determines an almost CR-Einstein structure on the leaf space of the congruence. These metrics depend on three parameters, and include the Fefferman-Einstein metric and Taub-NUT-(A)dS metric in the integrable case. In the non-integrable case, we obtain new solutions to the Einstein field equations, which, we show, can be constructed from strictly almost Kaehler-Einstein manifolds.
description: 31 pages; v2: some typos fixed, emphasized that the results are for dimensions greater than four, added references; v3: references added; v4: Major revision, 42 pages, as published. Error found and corrected. New solutions to the Einstein field equations. Section 4 significantly expanded, includes the notion of almost CR-Einstein manifolds and almost Kaehler-Einstein manifolds. References added
Self-consistent mean field theory of the lamellar morphology of binary copolymer-homopolymer blends
Creators: name: Vavasour, Jeffrey David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The mean field theory of neat copolymers [1] has been extended to consider binary copolymer-homopolymer blends. A set of self-consistent equations was derived describing the most-probable configuration of the system for a given set of parameters. Numerical techniques yielded the density distributions of the copolymer blocks and homopolymer. The lamellar microphase-separated state of the copolymer-homopolymer blend was probed over a wide range of system parameters. For blends in which the ratio of homopolymer molecular volume to copolymer molecular volume, fH, was negligible, the system was found to mimic a copolymer-solvent blend, [2] with a reduction in the domain thickness analogous to that seen in the dilution approximation of neutral solvents. When fH ≅ 0.5, the homopolymer was found to reside preferentially at the centre of the copolymer's subdomain of like-species. This localisation enlarged the subdomain appropriately for the homopolymer volume and, as a by-product, enlarged the total domain thickness of the lamellar unit cell relative to the neat case. At intermediate fH, a balance was struck in which the domain thickness was largely unaffected by the addition of homopolymer. Unlike the prior fourth-order Many-Wave Approximation (MWA) result, [3] this effect seemed to manifest after an initial stabilising quantity of homopolymer localised at the interphase. The value of fH at which the domain thickness was most stable was roughly 4.50(xTc)~1.36, where xTc is the product of the Flory parameter and the copolymer molecular volume in appropriate dimensionless units. As expected, the MWA and the current result's weak-segregation limit were in agreement. Our results suggest that an experimental investigation into homopolymer localisation is warranted. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
PARKS, POPULATION, AND RESETTLEMENT IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Creators: name: Stycos, J. Mayone
name: Duarte, Isis
name: Stycos, J. Mayone
name: Duarte, Isis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Attitudes
subject: Behavior
subject: Gender
subject: Knowledge
subject: Park
subject: Population
subject: Resettlement
subject: Survey

description: A survey of 139 men and 123 women in four communities bordering Los Haitises National Park in the Dominican Republic took place in late 1992. The survey followed a presidential decree ordering the army to clear the forest of people and cattle and to resettle a number of villages. The survey found that people admitted using the forest for firewood and cash crop cultivation. However, they were aware of the need to conserve the forest and expressed willingness to compromise on its use. They were less aware of park boundaries and did not understand the concept of a national park. Villagers welcomed rapid population growth, and women favor (and have) large families despite high rates of sterilization. Nearly everyone opposed resettlement and favored community participation in programs to reduce pressures on the park. In addition to providing housing and services, a resettlement program will have to find adequate substitutes for current park activities that provide cash income. Of a battery of social indicators such as gender, age, or socio-economic status, few showed much relationship to park use or attitudes toward conservation, the exception being community and religion.
POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: FRAMEWORKS FOR ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Ness, Gayl D.
name: Ness, Gayl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This working paper is one of a series the EPAT/MUCIA Population and Environmental and Natural Resources team is producing. It examines major ways of thinking about the population-environment relationship over the past two centuries. The paper begins with Malthus and reviews developments to the present. Then it examines in detail six current frameworks or models for analyzing population-environment relationships. The six models include Bongaarts', Clark's, and Harrison's attempts to identify the relative impact of population growth on a limited number of forms of environmental degradation. It also examines the more complex Meadows, Meadows, and Randers WORLD3 dynamic model of the global system and International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) population-environment model now being applied to Mauritius. A basic finding of these models is that population growth can have a major impact on the environment. However, the impact is never simple and direct, and human organization always moderates its effect. Further, we cannot expect that slowing population growth will alleviate environmental pressures in the near term. Finally, achieving sustainable development will require a combined attack on population growth, consumption, and a variety of other human patterns of production.
Extremal Set Theory and LWE Based Access Structure Hiding Verifiable Secret Sharing with Malicious-Majority and Free Verification
Creators: name: Sehrawat, Vipin Singh
name: Yeo, Foo Yee
name: Desmedt, Yvo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Secret sharing allows distributing a secret among several parties such that only authorized subsets, specified by an access structure, can reconstruct the secret. Sehrawat and Desmedt (COCOON 2020) introduced hidden access structures, that remain secret until some authorized subset of parties collaborate. However, their scheme assumes semi-honest parties and supports only restricted access structures. We address these shortcomings by constructing an access structure hiding verifiable secret sharing scheme that supports all monotone access structures. It is the first secret sharing scheme to support cheater identification and share verifiability in malicious-majority settings. The verification procedure of our scheme incurs no communication overhead. As the building blocks of our scheme, we introduce and construct: (i) a set-system with $> \exp\left(c\frac{2(\log h)^2}{(\log\log h)}\right)+2\exp\left(c\frac{(\log h)^2}{(\log\log h)}\right)$ subsets of a set of $h$ elements. Our set-system, $\mathcal{H}$, is defined over $\mathbb{Z}_m$, where $m$ is a non-prime-power. The size of each set in $\mathcal{H}$ is divisible by $m$ but the sizes of their pairwise intersections are not, unless one set is a subset of another, (ii) a new variant of the learning with errors (LWE) problem, called PRIM-LWE, wherein the secret matrix is sampled such that its determinant is a generator of $\mathbb{Z}_q^*$, where $q$ is the LWE modulus. The security of our scheme relies on the hardness of the LWE problem, and its share size is $$(1+ o(1)) \dfrac{2^{\ell}}{\sqrt{π\ell/2}}(2 q^{\varrho + 0.5} + \sqrt{q} + \mathrmΘ(h)),$$ where $\varrho \leq 1$ is a constant and $\ell$ is the total number of parties. We also provide directions for future work to reduce the share size to \[\leq \dfrac{1}{3} \left( (1+ o(1)) \dfrac{2^{\ell}}{\sqrt{π\ell/2}}(2 q^{\varrho + 0.5} + 2\sqrt{q}) \right).\]
description: Final version published in Theoretical Computer Science, 2021, volume 886, pp. 106-138
POPULATION, PROJECTIONS, AND POLICY: A CAUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE
Creators: name: Stycos, J. Mayone
name: Stycos, J. Mayone
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Population projections depend on censuses, vital statistics, and sample surveys, all of which have deficiencies that are most marked in developing countries. Long-range projections by international agencies have recently undergone major revisions, and forecasts of the United States (U.S.) population have changed drastically over the past four years. The United Nations (UN) typically prepares high, medium, and low projections. Even the high projection contains optimistic assumptions about fertility decline, while assumptions of constant or increasing fertility receive no serious attention. This paper suggests that high and constant fertility projections should receive more attention from policymakers. They should treat medium estimates as targets achievable only through considerable programmatic effort. At the same time, they should plan economic and environmental efforts to deal with the population sizes implied by the high projections.
Water Bath Extraction Optimization of Polyphenols from Qing Brick Tea and Raw Material Selection for Tea Polyphenol Extraction
Creators: name: WU Xuejie
name: DING Guangping
name: LAI Jiandong
name: WU Xuejie
name: DING Guangping
name: LAI Jiandong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Qing Brick Tea, Tea polyphenol, Extraction process, Extraction material

description: In this paper, single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment were conducted to optimize the water bath extraction of polyphenols from Qing Brick Tea, and the optimal extraction conditions obtained were as follows: solvent of 50% ethanol, solid/liquid ratio of 1: 30, temperature of 80 ℃, and time of 6 min. Under the optimal water bath extraction conditions, polyphenols in fresh tea leaves, fresh tea petioles, fresh tea blades, finished brick tea, finished tea petioles, finished tea blades, tea dregs after brewing and tea dregs after boiling were extracted, respectively. It was found that the quality fraction of polyphenols extracted from fresh tea leaves was the highest, with the best extraction effect. The extraction effect of leaf blades was better than that of leaf petioles, and the extraction effect of tea dregs after brewing was better than that of tea dregs after boiling.
CP violation of the two-body charmless hadronic B decays in the minimal supergravity Model
Creators: name: Zou, Wenjuan
name: Xiao, Zhenjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By choosing two typical input parameter points in the minimal supergravity (mSUGRA) model and using the QCD factorization (QCDF) approach, we studied the supersymmetric effects to the CP violation of the two-body charmless hadronic $B$ meson decays. We found that though the SUSY contributions can give large corrections to the CP asymmetries for some decay channels, they could not be distinguished experimentally from the SM values because of the large theoretical errors dominated by calculating the annihilation contributions in the QCDF approach.
description: 7 pages, shortened for submiting to Phys. Rev. D as brief report
A SUSTAINABLE URBAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM: THE "SURFACE METRO" IN CURITIBA, BRAZIL
Creators: name: Rabinovitch, Jonas
name: Hoehn, John P.
name: Rabinovitch, Jonas
name: Hoehn, John P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This analysis examines an innovative approach to transportation policy in Curitiba, Brazil. Curitiba is a city of 1.6 million residents that has grown fourfold in the last 30 years. Unlike many cities, quality of life and transportation has not been a casualty of growth. Curitiba's transportation system actively helps residents obtain the benefits of growth, including access to jobs, homes, recreation, and other elements of the urban community. Curitiba's transportation planning process is practical. It recognizes financial and social constraints. Curitiba began with buses because it had buses. It began with a series of small improvements guided by a long-term plan. It first added a modest express route system with dedicated bus lanes. It sought out ways to improve and extend the system. The result is a surface system that provides the high quality service of well-known underground systems at a much lower capital cost. These low costs mean that mass transit is entirely financed by passenger fares. The present system provides a range of benefits. The systematic approach to urban transportation has reduced travel times and increased convenience. Curitiba's buses now attract more passengers per operating kilometer than in any other Brazilian city. This intensive use occurs even though Curitiba also has one of the highest automobile ownership rates in Brazil. Rider surveys suggest that at least 20% of these new passengers previously used automobiles to commute. With less automobile congestion, the city has replaced several downtown streets with broad pedestrian malls and shopping areas. Reduced traffic appears to result in substantial fuel savings as well as reduced pollutant emissions. Calculations suggest that the reduction in automobile traffic saves 27 million liters of fuel/year.
Multipartite entanglement in spin chains
Creators: name: Guehne, Otfried
name: Toth, Geza
name: Briegel, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the presence of multipartite entanglement in macroscopic spin chains. We discuss the Heisenberg and the XY model and derive bounds on the internal energy for systems without multipartite entanglement. Based on this we show that in thermal equilibrium the above mentioned spin systems contain genuine multipartite entanglement, even at finite modest temperatures.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in New J. Phys
LANDHOLDER COOPERATION FOR SUSTAINABLE UPLAND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Creators: name: White, Thomas A.
name: White, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Despite national legislation and substantial donor investments, watershed degradation continues to threaten the sustained economic development and social welfare of millions of citizens in the developing world. Past efforts have largely concentrated on the physical rather than institutional aspects of watersheds, and have often relied on external incentives to coerce or persuade individuals to adopt conservation practices. In contrast to this conventional "physical" perspective, watersheds can be considered as sets of vested interests (and social relations) within a physically defined space. In essence, watersheds are physically defined subsets of rural society. Actors with vested interests within watersheds are interdependent because of water flow across political boundaries. From this perspective, the achievement of watershed management is a question of social relations, and cooperation between individual actors. Though there is growing realization for an expanded role of local, cooperative institutions in watershed management, theories on how such institutions might be identified, evolve or be promoted are limited. Toward this end, this paper examines some of the theoretical aspects of landholder cooperation for watershed management: the socio-political setting of upland watersheds; the physical attributes of watersheds influencing cooperation; the nature of externalities and incentives in watersheds; and the economic and socio-cultural factors affecting the emergence of collective action units. The processes by which collective action groups actually form are also reviewed. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the prospects for landholder cooperation approaches, the appropriate role of policy and a proposed process for promoting such cooperation.
Constraining power of asymptotic safety for scalar fields
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Astrid
name: Pauly, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the phenomenology of scalar fields coupled to asymptotically safe quantum gravity, in light of their potential significance for dark matter, for the inflaton as well as dynamical dark energy, and in the Higgs sector in and beyond the Standard Model. This work is a step towards delineating the boundaries of the asymptotically safe swampland by exploiting the constraining power of the asymptotic-safety paradigm. Firstly, we strengthen indications that quantum gravitational fluctuations could drive scalar potentials towards flatness, with intriguing potential implications for inflation and dark energy. Secondly, we explore how asymptotic safety could rule out large parts of the parameter space in models for scalar dark matter. Thirdly, we discover hints that at an asymptotically safe fixed point with finite top quark mass, the non-minimal Higgs-curvature coupling could be constrained. Finally, by combining the constraining power of asymptotic safety in particle physics and cosmology, we find hints that Higgs inflation lies in the asymptotically safe swampland. In summary, we strengthen previous indications for the constraining power of asymptotic safety and the resulting large extent of the asymptotically safe swampland.
description: 39 pages, 22 figures. v2: matches published version
Pselaphotrichus Besuchet 1986
Creators: name: Löbl, Ivan
name: Kodada, Ján
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Pselaphotrichus

description: Pselaphotrichus Besuchet, 1986 The genus comprises seven species. One of them, P. indicus (Jeannel, 1960), has been reported from the Indian subcontinent. It was described from Dehra Dun and placed in Trichopselaphus Jeannel, 1949, a junior homonym replaced by Pselaphotrichus. The newly examined collections comprise a single female that clearly differs from P. indicus by the much longer scape and long erect setae situated on the pronotal and elytral discs. This species is probably new. We decline to describe it in absence of at least one available male.
description: Published as part of Löbl, Ivan & Kodada, Ján, 2021, On the Himalayan Pselaphini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae), pp. 349-368 in Biodiversität und Naturausstattung im Himalaya VII, Erfurt :Naturkundemuseum on page 358, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5793818
MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING FOR RESOURCE POLICY APPRAISAL UNDER MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES
Creators: name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Mathematical programming is one technique that can be used for resource policy appraisal. Multiple objectives are usually involved in resource policy considerations. This paper discusses issues regarding the use of mathematical programming techniques for the multiobjective resource policy arena. Theoretical models are introduced with a separation called for between producer response models and policy maker models due to a disparity of objectives. The paper draws on the literature citing cases where producer level models have been utilized to simulate the policy outcome implications of alternative policies.
Bessel beam through a dielectric slab at oblique incidence: the case of total reflection
Creators: name: Mugnai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oblique incidence of a Bessel beam on a dielectric slab with refractive index n1 surrounded by a medium of a refractive index n>n1 may be studied simply by expanding the Bessel beam into a set of plane waves forming the same angle with the axis of the beam. In the present paper we examine a Bessel beam that impinges at oblique incidence onto a layer in such a way that each plane-wave component impinges with an angle larger than the critical angle.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Quantum physical relevance of the Einstein tensor
Creators: name: Lamey, J.
name: Obermair, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Taking quantum physics as well as large scale astronomical observations into account, a spacetime metric is introduced, such that the nonlinear part of the Einstein tensor contains effects of the order of Planck's constant.
description: to appear in Brazilian Journal of Physics
Associated single photons as signals for a doubly charged scalar at linear e-e- colliders
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyaya, Biswarup
name: Rai, Santosh Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doubly charged scalars, predicted in many models having exotic Higgs representations, can in general have lepton-number violating (LFV) couplings. The basis of most searches for this charged scalar has been to look for its direct production and its subsequent decay to like-sign final state leptons. In this work we show that by using an associated monoenergetic final state photon seen at a future linear e-e- collider, we can have a clear and distinct signature for a doubly-charged resonance and also determine its mass rather precisely. We also estimate the strength of the Delta L=2 coupling which can be probed in this way at sqrt{s}=1 TeV, as a function of the recoil mass of the doubly-charged scalar.
description: Some figures modified and a few references added. Version accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Estimation in a class of semiparametric transformation models
Creators: name: Dabrowska, Dorota M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G08 (Primary) 62G20 (Secondary)

description: We consider estimation in a class of semiparametric transformation models for right--censored data. These models gained much attention in survival analysis; however, most authors consider only regression models derived from frailty distributions whose hazards are decreasing. This paper considers estimation in a more flexible class of models and proposes conditional rank M-estimators for estimation of the Euclidean component of the model.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/074921706000000437 in the IMS Lecture Notes--Monograph Series (http://www.imstat.org/publications/lecnotes.htm) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
A boundary penalization technique to remove outliers from isogeometric analysis on tensor-product meshes
Creators: name: Deng, Quanling
name: Calo, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a boundary penalization technique to improve the spectral approximation of isogeometric analysis (IGA). The technique removes the outliers appearing in the high-frequency region of the approximate spectrum when using the $C^{p-1}, p$-th ($p\ge3$) order isogeometric elements. We focus on the classical Laplacian (Dirichlet) eigenvalue problem in 1D to illustrate the idea and then use the tensor-product structure to generate the stiffness and mass matrices for multiple dimensional problems. To remove the outliers, we penalize the product of the higher-order derivatives from both the solution and test spaces at the domain boundary. Intuitively, we construct a better approximation by weakly imposing features of the exact solution. Effectively, we add terms to the variational formulation at the boundaries with minimal extra computational cost. We then generalize the idea to remove the outliers for the isogeometric analysis to the Neumann eigenvalue problem (for $p\ge2$). The boundary penalization does not change the test and solution spaces. In the limiting case when the penalty goes to infinity, we perform the dispersion analysis of $C^2$ cubic elements for Dirichlet eigenvalue problem and $C^1$ quadratic elements for Neumann eigenvalue problem. We obtain the analytical eigenpairs for the resulting matrix eigenvalue problems. Numerical experiments show optimal convergence rates for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the discrete operator.
description: 30 pages
Shear and longitudinal viscosity of non-ionic C12E8 aqueous solutions
Creators: name: D'Arrigo, Giovanni
name: Briganti, Giuseppe
name: Maccarini, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the steady shear viscosity, the longitudinal elastic modulus and the ultrasonic absorption in the one-phase isotropic liquid region of the nonionic surfactant C12E8 aqueous solutions. The overall results support the presence of two separated intervals of concentration corresponding to different structural properties. In the surfactant-rich region the temperature dependence of the steady shear viscosity follows an equation characteristic of glass-like systems. The ultrasonic absorption spectra show unambiguous evidence of viscoelastic behaviour described by a Cole-Cole relaxation formula. In the water-rich region the behaviour of the measured quantities are more complex and reflect the presence of dispersed aggregates whose size increases with temperature and concentration. An additional low frequency contribution is also observed, which is ascribed to the exchange of water molecules and/or surfactant monomers between the aggregates and the bulk solvent region.
description: 23 Pages, 7 Figures, 1 Table, submitted to J. Phys. Chem B, accepted for publication
Optimising cost vs accuracy of decentralised analytics in fog computing environments
Creators: name: Valerio, Lorenzo
name: Passarella, Andrea
name: Conti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The exponential growth of devices and data at the edges of the Internet is rising scalability and privacy concerns on approaches based exclusively on remote cloud platforms. Data gravity, a fundamental concept in Fog Computing, points towards decentralisation of computation for data analysis, as a viable alternative to address those concerns. Decentralising AI tasks on several cooperative devices means identifying the optimal set of locations or Collection Points (CP for short) to use, in the continuum between full centralisation (i.e., all data on a single device) and full decentralisation (i.e., data on source locations). We propose an analytical framework able to find the optimal operating point in this continuum, linking the accuracy of the learning task with the corresponding network and computational cost for moving data and running the distributed training at the CPs. We show through simulations that the model accurately predicts the optimal trade-off, quite often an intermediate point between full centralisation and full decentralisation, showing also a significant cost saving w.r.t. both of them. Finally, the analytical model admits closed-form or numeric solutions, making it not only a performance evaluation instrument but also a design tool to configure a given distributed learning task optimally before its deployment.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE TNSE
Curvature in conformal mappings of 2D lattices and foam structure
Creators: name: Mughal, A.
name: Weaire, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elegant properties of conformal mappings, when applied to two dimensional (2D) lattices, find interesting applications in 2D foams and other cellular or close packed structures. In particular the 2D honeycomb (whose dual is the triangular lattice) may be transformed into various conformal patterns, which compare approximately to experimentally realisable 2D foams. We review and extend the mathematical analysis of such transformations, with several illustrative examples, and an account is given of the related work in energy minimisation problems. New results are adduced for the local curvature generated by the transformation.
description: 19 pages, to be submitted for a special issue of Philosophical Magazine in memory of M A Fortes
RG Limit Cycles and Unconventional Fixed Points in Perturbative QFT
Creators: name: Jepsen, Christian B.
name: Klebanov, Igor R.
name: Popov, Fedor K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum field theories with sextic interactions in $3-ε$ dimensions, where the scalar fields $ϕ^{ab}$ form irreducible representations under the $O(N)^2$ or $O(N)$ global symmetry group. We calculate the beta functions up to four-loop order and find the Renormalization Group fixed points. In an example of large $N$ equivalence, the parent $O(N)^2$ theory and its anti-symmetric projection exhibit identical large $N$ beta functions which possess real fixed points. However, for projection to the symmetric traceless representation of $O(N)$, the large $N$ equivalence is violated by the appearance of an additional double-trace operator not inherited from the parent theory. Among the large $N$ fixed points of this daughter theory we find complex CFTs. The symmetric traceless $O(N)$ model also exhibits very interesting phenomena when it is analytically continued to small non-integer values of $N$. Here we find unconventional fixed points, which we call "spooky." They are located at real values of the coupling constants $g^i$, but two eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix $\partial β^i/\partial g^j$ are complex. When these complex conjugate eigenvalues cross the imaginary axis, a Hopf bifurcation occurs, giving rise to RG limit cycles. This crossing occurs for $N_{\rm crit} \approx 4.475$, and for a small range of $N$ above this value we find RG flows which lead to limit cycles.
description: v4: typo in eq. (41) corrected and discussion near it improved
Two years of INTEGRAL monitoring of the Soft Gamma-Ray Repeater SGR 1806-20: from quiescence to frenzy
Creators: name: Gotz, D.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Molkov, S.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Mirabel, I. F.
name: Sunyaev, R.
name: Weidenspointner, G.
name: Brandt, S.
name: Del Santo, M.
name: Feroci, M.
name: Gogus, E.
name: von Kienlin, A.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Lund, N.
name: Pizzichini, G.
name: Ubertini, P.
name: Winkler, C.
name: Woods, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SGR 1806-20 has been observed for more than 2 years with the INTEGRAL satellite. In this period the source went from a quiescent state into a very active one culminating in a giant flare on December 27 2004. Here we report on the properties of all the short bursts detected with INTEGRAL before the giant flare. We derive their number-intensity distribution and confirm the hardness-intensity correlation for the bursts found by Gotz et al. (2004a). Our sample includes a very bright outburst that occurred on October 5 2004, during which over one hundred bursts were emitted in 10 minutes, involving an energy release of 3 x 1E42 erg. We present a detailed analysis of it and discuss our results in the framework of the magnetar model.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, to appear in A&A main journal
Emergent Quantumness in Neural Networks
Creators: name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Vanchurin, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It was recently shown that the Madelung equations, that is, a hydrodynamic form of the Schrödinger equation, can be derived from a canonical ensemble of neural networks where the quantum phase was identified with the free energy of hidden variables. We consider instead a grand canonical ensemble of neural networks, by allowing an exchange of neurons with an auxiliary subsystem, to show that the free energy must also be multivalued. By imposing the multivaluedness condition on the free energy we derive the Schrödinger equation with "Planck's constant" determined by the chemical potential of hidden variables. This shows that quantum mechanics provides a correct statistical description of the dynamics of the grand canonical ensemble of neural networks at the learning equilibrium. We also discuss implications of the results for machine learning, fundamental physics and, in a more speculative way, evolutionary biology.
description: 18 pages, added a new section on quantum superpositions
Lanczkowski, Günter, Begegnung und Wandel der Religionen
Creators: name: Mildenberger, Michael
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 2 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 2
NON-FARM LABOR SUPPLY: THEORY AND ESTIMATION
Creators: name: Gebauer, Rolf H.
name: Gebauer, Rolf H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: During the last decade considerable research has been carried out on the non-farm labor supply of farm households. New insights and hypotheses on the economic behavior of households, known as "new home economics," and progress in applying more sophisticated estimation techniques have stimulated these research activities. The focus of this paper is the standard neoclassical model of labor supply and a corresponding empirical research strategy. The empirical model refers to household-level data from West Germany. As the results reveal, farm households decide on the allocation of their resources in a very rational manner. This shows their high capacity and flexibility to adjust to varying economic circumstances.
Fourier regularization applied to spect reconstruction
Creators: name: Togane, Dylan Dalmar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Fourier Regularized Emission Computed Tomography (FRECT), a reconstruction method for Emission Computed Tomography (ECT), is presented and compared with other reconstruction methods. The compromise which characterizes ECT reconstruction is between image resolution and stability with respect to noise. FRECT reconstruction consists of minimizing an objective function that has a "goodness of fit" term which fits the data to a specified resolution and a "Fourier regularization" term which stabilizes the reconstruction process. Goodness of fit terms that can be coupled with the Fourier regularizer include the Least Squares term (FRLS) and the Maximum Likelihood term (FRML). Measures are taken to ensure that the fit and regularization terms act on separate areas of the Fourier domain. In this work FRECT is applied to Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) data. Analytically simulated data, Monte-Carlo simulations, phantom experiments and clinically acquired SPECT data are reconstructed. The compromise between resolution and stability is measured for Filtered Back-Projection (FBP), Ordered Subset Expectation Maximization (OSEM), and two variations of FRECT. The sensitivity with respect to experimental noise in the data is found empirically for all reconstruction methods, and analytically for those methods that allow such analysis.
Wavefront Propagation and Fuzzy Based Autonomous Navigation
Creators: name: Al-Jumaily, Adel
name: Leung, Cindy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Path planning and obstacle avoidance are the two major issues in any navigation system. Wavefront propagation algorithm, as a good path planner, can be used to determine an optimal path. Obstacle avoidance can be achieved using possibility theory. Combining these two functions enable a robot to autonomously navigate to its destination. This paper presents the approach and results in implementing an autonomous navigation system for an indoor mobile robot. The system developed is based on a laser sensor used to retrieve data to update a two dimensional world model of therobot environment. Waypoints in the path are incorporated into the obstacle avoidance. Features such as ageing of objects and smooth motion planning are implemented to enhance efficiency and also to cater for dynamic environments.
Idler-free channel position finding
Creators: name: Pereira, Jason L.
name: Banchi, Leonardo
name: Zhuang, Quntao
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is a powerful tool for quantum sensing, and entangled states can greatly boost the discriminative power of protocols for quantum illumination, quantum metrology, or quantum reading. However, entangled state protocols generally require the retention of an idler state, to which the probes are entangled. Storing a quantum state is difficult and so technological limitations can make protocols requiring quantum memories impracticable. One alternative is idler-free protocols that utilise non-classical sources but do not require any idler states to be stored. Here we apply such a protocol to the task of channel position finding. This involves finding a target channel in a sequence of background channels, and has many applications, including quantum sensing, quantum spectroscopy, and quantum reading.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Similar to published version
Analysis of the Correlation between Middle-season Rice Yield and Meteorological Factors in Jingdong County from 2009 to 2016
Creators: name: YANG Bingyu
name: WANG Zhengyou
name: GAO Min
name: HUANG Baofeng
name: YANG Bingyu
name: WANG Zhengyou
name: GAO Min
name: HUANG Baofeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Jingdong County, Middle-season rice yield, Meteorological factors, Correlation analysis

description: Middle-season rice is an important food crop in southern rice areas of China, especially in Yunnan, the main rice-producing region. However, due to the impact of low temperature at the seedling stage and high or low temperature at the booting and heading stage of middle-season rice, the yield is not stable.Based on the data of yield factors of different middle-season rice varieties planted in the same ecological site in Jingdong County from 2009 to 2016, average development period was calculated using the data of development period measured in field during 2009-2016, and the average of meteorological factors (daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, and sunshine hours) and total precipitation were calculated. The correlation between meteorological factors in different development periods of each year and corresponding per unit area yield was analyzed. Temperature is the most important factor affecting rice yield. Sufficient light is beneficial to the increase in the number of grains per spike and thousand seed weight in the sowing-seedling emergence stage and milk maturity-maturity stage. Excessive precipitation will reduce the number of grains per spike in the booting-heading stage. Excessive precipitation decreases the number of filled grains per spike in the jointing-booting stage, and proper drainage helps increase the formation rate of ears. In this study, the main meteorological factors affecting rice yield were analyzed to provide scientific reference for rice production and management in this county in future.