cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
eUDEVS: Executable UML with DEVS Theory of Modeling and Simulation
Creators: name: Risco-Martín, José L.
name: Cruz, J. M.
name: Mittal, Saurabh
name: Zeigler, Bernard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modeling and Simulation (M&S) for system design and prototyping is practiced today both in the industry and academia. M&S are two different areas altogether and have specific objectives. However, most of the times these two separate areas are taken together. The developed code is tightly woven around both the model and the underlying simulator that executes it. This constraints both the model development and the simulation engine that impacts scalability of the developed code. Furthermore, a lot of time is spent in development of a model because it needs both domain knowledge and simulation techniques, which also requires communication among users and developers. Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely accepted in the industry, whereas Discrete Event Specification (DEVS) based modeling that separates the model and the simulator, provides a cleaner methodology to develop models and is much used in academia. DEVS today is used by engineers who understand discrete event modeling at a much detailed level and are able to translate requirements to DEVS modeling code. There have been earlier efforts to integrate UML and DEVS but they haven't succeeded in providing a transformation mechanism due to inherent differences in these two modeling paradigms. This paper presents an integrated approach towards crosstransformations between UML and DEVS using the proposed eUDEVS, which stands for executable UML based on DEVS. Further, we will also show that the obtained DEVS models belong to a specific class of DEVS models called Finite Deterministic DEVS (FD-DEVS) that is available as a W3C XML Schema in XFD-DEVS. We also put the proposed eUDEVS in a much larger unifying framework called DEVS Unified Process that allows bifurcated model-continuity based lifecycle methodology for systems M&S. Finally, we demonstrate the laid concepts with a complete example.
Colonial Institutions, Geography, or Post-Colonial Policy? Evidence on Long-Term Comparative Development from a Natural Experiment in South Asia
Creators: name: Azhar, Shahram
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The ‘divergence debates’ revolve around the relative importance of two exogenously predetermined factors--- colonial institutions and geography--- in shaping the long-term development prospects of different countries. As a part of the same research agenda, albeit a focus on economic divergence between peripheral economies, this paper enquires about the extent to which comparative development is shaped not only by the two inherited factors, but a third, endogenous channel: economic policies pursued after independence. I propose that a ‘twin study’, modelled within a Difference-in-Difference experimental design, with evidence from natural experiments of partitioned economies provides an ideal setting, allowing a decomposition of the impact of history/geography (‘nature’) from policy (‘nurture’) via the aid of a counterfactual. I present evidence from one South Asian case, the agrarian Punjab region partitioned between India and Pakistan in 1947. The two sub-regions have been exposed to very different policy environments, despite their historical similarities. To examine the impact of these policy differences on agricultural performance, I constructed a district-wise dataset on colonial land-revenue institutions, geography, and yields of food crops from 1900-2016, and setup a pre- and post-treatment juncture at the time of partition in 1947, with one state acting as ‘control’ for the other. The results indicate a strong policy effect beyond history/geography: given identical initial conditions, if a Pakistani district were assigned to India in 1947, it would enjoy a 53% and 70% higher yield of wheat and rice, respectively. The comparative analysis reveals that the Indian land reform, combined with public investments in the provision of cheap credit/inputs, created optimal conditions for private investments to flourish during the Green Revolution, leading over time to significantly better development indicators and lower wealth inequality, in comparison with Pakistani Punjab which chose a fairly laissez-faire approach to agrarian policy.
Reproductive Work and Female Labor Force Participation in Rural India
Creators: name: Naidu, Sirisha C.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The current debate over female labor force participation in India has failed to sufficiently account for the reproductive work of women. Using NSS data on reproductive labor, we investigate the possibility that a “reproductive squeeze” raises the opportunity costs of labor force participation for women. A variety of multinomial logit regressions reveal a robust positive relationship between the shares of non-discretionary food and non-food expenditure and the likelihood of performing reproductive labor, relative to being in the labor force. We also find that an indicator of greater social provisioning by the state is positively correlated with rural women’s labor force participation, all else constant.
The control architecture of a spherical robot for Minimally Invasive Surgery
Creators: name: Rus, Gabriela
name: Hajjar, Nadim Al
name: Tucan, Paul
name: Zima, Ionut
name: Vaida, Calin
name: Radu, Corina
name: Jucan, Daniel
name: Chablat, Damien
name: Pisla, Doina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Control systems used in Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) play a crucial role in ensuring preci-sion and safety throughout procedures. This paper presents a control architecture developed for a robotic system designed for MIS operations. The modular structure of the control system allows for compatibility with a range of procedures in abdominal and thoracic regions. The proposed control system, employing the master-slave concept, is presented alongside the experimental model. Functional validation is obtained by performing a Siemens NX simulation and comparing the results with several experimental runs using the experimental model of the robot. With its compact size and stiffness, the system holds promise for integration with other robotic systems. Future efforts will be dedicated to exploring and optimizing this potential collaboration to enhance the overall capabilities of robotic-assisted surgery.
Carbon Pricing: Effectiveness and Equity
Creators: name: Boyce, James K.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The 2015 Paris Agreement adopted the goal of limiting the rise in global mean temperature to 1.5-2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Carbon pricing can play a key role in meeting this objective. A cap-and-permit system, or alternatively a carbon tax indexed to a fixed emission- reduction trajectory, not only can spur cost-effective mitigation and cost-reducing innovation, but also, crucially, can ensure that emissions are held to the target level. The carbon prices needed to meet this constraint are likely to be considerably higher, however, than existing prices and conventional measures of the social cost of carbon. This poses issues of distributional equity and political sustainability that can be addressed by universal dividends funded by carbon revenues.
Re-Conceptualizing Processes of Post-Colonial Development in Pakistan: The Interplay of Institutions and Class
Creators: name: Khan, Danish
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



Contrary to neoclassical political economic assumptions, this paper argues that the processes of post-colonial development are embedded within conflict across class lines, and that the state has a central role in mediating these conflicts. In other terms, post-colonial capitalist development immanently produces winners and losers in a society. The Marxian-institutional framework is employed to capture the interplay of class forces and institutions in mediating development outcomes. In addition to formal institutions, this paper also acknowledges the centrality of informal institutions in mutually determining development outcomes in post-colonial societies. For an empirical case study, this paper looks at the historical evolution of Pakistan’s economy since its inception in 1947. The post-colonial development in Pakistan is divided into five distinct regimes of growth and distribution. This paper delineates the modalities of interplay between social classes and institutions in mediating processes of post-colonial development in Pakistan.
A Tale of Three Crises in Turkey: 1994, 2001, and 2008-09
Creators: name: Cömert, Hasan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



Developing countries have encountered many economic crises since the 1980s, due mainly to structural problems related to their integration into the global economy. The Turkish economy is by no means an exception, and suffered significantly from the crises of 1994, 2001 and 2008– 09. This paper investigates the tales of these three crises to shed light on the propagation mechanisms of crises and their implications for developing countries, given the Turkish experience. Our study is aiming at complementing existing studies by giving a very broad comparative picture of the main macroeconomic trends before and after the crises at the expense of ignoring many important details explained in other studies. This comparison can be also useful for understanding possible (and under current conditions highly unavoidable) implications of current developments in Turkish economy. Although there are many differences in the emergence of recent crises in Turkey, significant similarities can be found between the 1994 and 2001 crises. The crisis of 2008–09 can be considered exceptional in many aspects. The first two episodes were deemed to be mostly finance-led and finance-driven, with repercussions on the real sectors thereafter; but the 2008–09 crisis was a fully-fledged real sector crisis from the beginning, amid a direct collapse in employment and real economic productivity.
「オープンアクセス×ソーシャルメディア」時代の研究評価指数altmetricsの可能性
Creators: name: Bando, Keita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: 「オープンアクセス×ソーシャルメディア」時代の研究評価指数altmetricsの可能性
PESTITSIDLARNING  INSON  SALOMATLIGIGA TA'SIRI VA TUPROQ GIGIYENASI
Creators: name: Muydinova, Yoqutxon
name: Qoryog'diyev, Z.Sh.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Global modernizatsiya, sanoatlashish, urbanizatsiya va boshqa bir qator antropogen harakatlar atrof-muhitga nisbatan ifloslantiruvchi moddalarning salbiy taʼsirini oshiradi. Ulardan chiqqan chiqindilarni utilizatsiya qilish jarayonida, atmosfera, suv va tuproqqa jiddiy salbiy taʼsir ko‘rsatishi mumkin bo‘lgan og‘ir metallar va chiqindilar chiqishiga sabab boʼladi.
On the Measurement of “Grayness” of Cities
Creators: name: Motiram, Sripad
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 

We consider a situation where individuals belonging to multiple groups inhabit a space that can be divided into smaller distinguishable units, a feature characterizing many cities in the world. When data on an economic attribute (in our case, income) is available, we conceptualize a phenomenon that we refer to as “Grayness” - a combination of spatial integration based upon group-identity and income. Grayness is high when cities display a high degree of spatial co-existence in terms of both identity and income. We lay down some desirable properties of a measure of Grayness and develop a simple and intuitive index that satisfies them. We provide an illustration by using data from the Indian city of Hyderabad, and selected American cities.
Sediment budget in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy
Creators: name: Sarretta, Alessandro
name: Pillon, Simone
name: Molinaroli, Emanuela
name: Guerzoni, Stefano
name: Fontolan, Giorgio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: A comparison of 1927, 1970 and 2002 bathymetric surveys in the Lagoon of Venice was used to reconstruct historical changes in sedimentation. A detailed GIS-based analysis of the charts revealed the timing and pattern of geomorphic changes and allowed calculation of sediment deposition and erosion for the entire lagoon and each of its four sub-basins: Treporti, Lido, Malamocco and Chioggia. Two main developments are discernible from comparative observation of the areal distribution of the main elevation ranges: the diminution in area of the saltmarshes, which decreased by more than 50%, from 68 km2 in 1927 to 32 km2 in 2002, and the progressive deepening of the lagoon, with a huge increase in the area of subtidal flats (between −0.75 and −2.00 m depth), from 88 to 206 km2 during the same period. Generally, the lagoon showed a clear-cut change in the most frequent depths (modal depth) from a value of −0.62 m in 1927 to −0.88 m in 2002. The deepening of the lagoon affected mostly the lagoonal sub-basins south of the town of Venice, where modal depth increased from −0.65 to −1.12 m in Lido, from −0.64 to −1.75 m in Malamocco and from −0.39 to −0.88 m in Chioggia. Large changes in lagoonal morphology were caused by human-induced subsidence, the dredging of navigation channels between 1927 and 1970, and intense natural erosion enhanced by sediment re-suspension due to Manila clam fishing between 1970 and 2002. There was a net loss of about 110 Mm3 of sediment from the lagoon, most of which (73 Mm3, ca.70%) was in the earlier period. A significant amount was lost by dredging and direct disposal outside the system, either on land or at sea, and there was a net loss of 39 Mm3 from the lagoon to the sea through the inlets, at an annual rate of 0.5 Mm3. Comparison of erosion rates in the two periods revealed an alarming acceleration, from a net sediment loss of 0.3 Mm3 yr−1 in the period 1927–1970 to 0.8 Mm3 yr−1 in 1970–2002. Deterioration caused a shift from a highly differentiated lagoon morphology in the 1930s to a sediment-starved and subsidence-dominated structure in the 1970s, and from there to the high-energy and more open (bay-like) lagoon of today. The results demonstrate the potential application of GIS to reconstruct the recent chronology of sediment distribution and to improve the understanding of the geomorphic processes shaping the seafloor, whilst providing an insight into the possible impacts of environmental changes induced by natural and anthropogenic forcing.
Globalization Checkmated? Political and Geopolitical Contradictions Coming Home to Roost
Creators: name: Palley, Thomas I.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The deepening of economic globalization appears to have ground to a halt and the process may even unravel a little. The sudden stop has surprised economists, whose belief in globalization has strong parallels with Fukuyama’s (1989) flawed end of history hypothesis. The paper presents a simple analytic model that shows how economic globalization has triggered political and geopolitical contradictions. For the system to work, politics within countries and geopolitics across blocs must be supportive of the system. That is missing. The model is applied to a global economic core consisting of the US, China, and the European Union. It is revealing of multiple tensions, fracture lines, and contradictions. Within the US, globalization has delivered economic outcomes that have estranged the electoral bases of both major political parties. It has also delivered outcomes that are inconsistent with the US neocon geopolitical inclination. President Trump is a product of those forces, and he will likely prove to be a historically significant figure. That is because he has surfaced geopolitical contradictions that cannot be swept back under the rug. Ironically, his biggest impact may be on the European Union, particularly Germany, which is being compelled to recognize the neocon nature of the US and the vulnerabilities of dependence on US exports and technology. China was already aware of its vulnerabilities in those regards.
Making small data big : What can Scratchpads do for you?
Creators: name: Livermore, Laurence
name: Koureas, Dimitris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Eight case studies from the 550 communities using Scratchpads. Scratchpads is an open source and free to use platform that enables you to work in a collaborative online environment. With a Scratchpad you can easily create your own website to structure, manage, link and publish your biodiversity data.
Computational Complexity of Sudoku Solving Strategies
Creators: name: Kryskalla, Steven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Singles O(R*C*V)
O(N^3)
Hidden singles (section, row, and column-wise)
O(U1*U2*V)
O(N^3)
Naked pairs
O(R*C*(V+R*C*(2*V+3*U*V)))
O(N^6)
Pointing pair triples (row and column-wise)
O(V*S*((SC*SR)+S))
O(N^3)
Box line reduction (row and column-wise)
O(V*U*(2*SC*SR))
O(N^3)
Hidden pairs (section, row, and column-wise)
O(U1*V*U2*V*U2*V)
O(N^6)
Guess & backtrack
O(N^N)
Computational Complexity of Sudoku Strategies
Creators: name: Kryskalla, Steven
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Applied Computer Science

description: Singles O(R*C*V)
O(N^3)
Hidden singles (section, row, and column-wise)
O(U1*U2*V)
O(N^3)
Naked pairs
O(R*C*(V+R*C*(2*V+3*U*V)))
O(N^6)
Pointing pair triples (row and column-wise)
O(V*S*((SC*SR)+S))
O(N^3)
Box line reduction (row and column-wise)
O(V*U*(2*SC*SR))
O(N^3)
Hidden pairs (section, row, and column-wise)
O(U1*V*U2*V*U2*V)
O(N^6)
Guess & backtrack
O(N^N)
Integrated Cost and Environmental Life Cycle Analysis of Biomass Supply Systems for Biofuels and Bioenergy
Creators: name: Proc. ISSST
name: Daystar, Jesse S.
name: Reeb, Carter W.
name: Ronalds Gonzalez
name: Venditti, Richard A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: The production of six regionally important cellulosic biomass feedstocks, including pine, eucalyptus, unmanaged hardwoods, forest residues, switchgrass, and sweet sorghum, was analyzed using consistent life cycle methodologies and system boundaries to identify feedstocks with the lowest cost and environmental impacts. Supply chain analysis models were created for each feedstock calculating costs and supply chain requirements for the production 453,592 dry tonnes of biomass per year. Cradle-to-gate environmental impacts from these supply systems were quantified for nine mid-point indicators using SimaPro 7.2 LCA software. Conversion of grassland to managed forest for bioenergy resulted in large reductions in GHG emissions, due to carbon sequestration associated with direct land use change. However, converting forests to energy cropland resulted in large increases in GHG emissions. Production of forest-based feedstocks for biofuels resulted in lower delivered cost, lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and lower overall environmental impacts than the studied agricultural feedstocks. Forest residues had the lowest environmental impact and delivered cost per dry tonne. Using forest-based biomass feedstocks instead of agricultural feedstocks would result in lower cradle-to-gate environmental impacts and delivered biomass costs for biofuel production in the southern U.S.
More Emerging Issues for Life Cycle Assessment Data and Databases
Creators: name: Proc. ISSST
name: Cooper, Joyce
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Continuing development of data parameterization algorithms for the US Department of Agriculture LCA Digital Commons has investigated the usefulness and completeness of imbedded models. An example uses data and algorithms from the US Environmental Protection Agency NONROAD model which estimates fuel use and air pollution inventories for agricultural off-road equipment. Three steps were used to prepare the unit process datasets. First, the NONROAD model was parameterized. Second, data and algorithms were added to fill data gaps. Third, data representing individual equipment instances were aggregated to form complete datasets. Although the resulting datasets, formatted in ecospold v1-v2 and ILCD, are intended to be ready for use in LCA software, extensive use of parameterization as well as improved meta data (e.g., data quality and uncertainty information) simultaneously present compatibility issues and opportunities for additional capabilities.
Impactmap: Designing Sustainable Supply Chains by Incorporating Data Uncertainty
Creators: name: Proc. ISSST
name: Fuge, Mark
name: McKinstry, Katherine
name: Ninomiya, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Incorporating uncertainty is critical to developing robust decision support tools for sustainable design. Currently, designers and consumers have few tools that compare the ranges of environmental and social impacts among potential supply chain options. Methodologies such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) often provide point estimates of the impacts of materials and manufacturing operations on unit bases, but they are not as well suited to express uncertainty associated with many supply chain choices. This work presents a decision support tool that assesses the sustainability of supply chains while incorporating uncertainty. The core contribution is a methodology for assimilating uncertain impact data such that designers or consumers can compare the impacts of a product’s possible supply chains. This is possible even if data are missing, through the use of a form of Uncertainty Propagation that factors in data from similar supply chains. A web-based decision support tool combines impact information from disparate sources and visualizes the resulting uncertainty in an intuitive way. We discuss several application areas, as well as techniques for determining when our methodology might be limited.
Spreading the Washington Consensus into Food and Agriculture Sectors: The Case of the International Monetary Fund
Creators: name: Daoud, Adel
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



The mandate and competence of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) do not cover food and agriculture policies. Yet, signs indicate that IMF enages in these policies. Scholars lack a systematic empirical foundation to monitor the extent and impact of IMF’s operations on these sectors. Based on a combination of machine and human coding, we present a comprehensive database on IMF’s policy interventions in food and agriculture. Using new data on IMF conditionality between 1980 and 2014, we assess to what extent the IMF targets these sectors through its ‘conditionalities’—policies that governments need to implement to access IMF credit. The analysis evaluates the agricultural content and ideological orientation of each condition according to whether it promotes a developmental state, a night-watchman state, or neither. The analysis identifies that about 2% of all IMF conditions (1,105 of 58,406) directly target food and agriculture issues. These conditions are available in 43% of all IMF programs (332 of 781). They affect 100 countries of all the 131 countries in which the IMF had any agreements since the 1980s. In addition, the analysis reveals that 59.2% of these conditions embody policy measures in line with a night-watchman state, 40.1% are model-neutral, and 0.7% are developmental. Within the model-neutral category, 23.9% are conditions oriented towards building state capacity; 2.7% have a poverty reduction content; and 2.9% contain pro- environmental policies. The article discusses potential mechanisms driving the IMF to intervene into agriculture and theorizes about possible effects of these conditions on people’s livelihoods.
Holocene LSA Archaeology from Equus Cave, Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, South Africa: an analysis of the bone tool assemblage
Creators: name: Stammers, Rhiannon
name: Herries, Andrew
name: Spry, Caroline
name: Armstrong, Brian
name: Caruana, Matthew
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 4301
subject: Archaeology

description: Equus Cave, Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, near Taung, North West Province, South Africa, was first excavated between 1978 and 1982. While the site dates to the terminal Pleistocene and Holocene the precise age of the different layers is debated, as is the technological assignment of the deepest deposits, which are said to contain both Later or Middle Stone Age elements. While the fauna! assemblage and some of the human remains have been published, the archaeology has never been fully analysed or reported. New excavations in 2012 revealed numerous artefacts including ochre, something not previously noted for this site. Comparison of total lithic artefact counts versus faunal NISPs andMNIs shows that the height of human occupation occurred during the Holocene, with preliminary analysis of the >6000 lithic assemblage indicating a dominance of notched artefacts, which, coupled with the presence of 16 bone points, is characteristic of other Holocene Wilton (Later Stone Age) sites in the region. The focus of this paper is the 16 bone points, which include projectile points and link-shafts, and how these items were manufactured and used. The results provide one of the first detailed descriptions of Later Stone Age bone tools, including rare specimens that are mostly complete or still preserve the tips, making an important contribution to our limited understanding of Later Stone Age bone tool technology.
O mouse, where art thou? The Mouse Position Surveillance System (MoPSS)—an RFID-based tracking system
Creators: name: Habedank, Anne
name: Urmersbach, Birk
name: Kahnau, Pia
name: Lewejohann, Lars
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Behavior
subject: Preference test
subject: mice
subject: Laboratory animals
subject: Home cage
subject: Group housing
subject: Automated recording
subject: Tracking
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Existing methods for analysis of home cage-based preference tests are either time-consuming, not suitable for group management, expensive, and/or based on proprietary equipment that is not freely available. To correct this, we developed an automated system for group-housed mice based on radio frequency identification: the Mouse Position Surveillance System (MoPSS). The system uses an Arduino microcontroller with compatible components; it is affordable and easy to rebuild for every laboratory because it uses free and open-source software and open-source hardware with the RFID readers as the only proprietary component. The MoPSS was validated using female C57BL/6J mice and manual video comparison. It proved to be accurate even for fast-moving mice (up to 100% accuracy after logical reconstruction), and is already implemented in several studies in our laboratory. Here, we provide the complete construction description as well as the validation data and the results of an example experiment. This tracking system will allow group-based preference testing with individually identified mice to be carried out in a convenient manner. This facilitation of preference tests creates the foundation for better housing conditions from the animals’ perspective.
KIMYO FANINI O'QITILISHDA AXBOROT TEXNOLOGIYA VOSITALARIDAN FOYDALANISHNING SAMARADORLIGI VIRTUAL LABARATORIYA MISOLIDA
Creators: name: Mamanova, Muxayyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada kimyo fanini o'qitilishda axborot texnologiya vositalaridan foydalanishning samaradorligi virtual labaratoriya misolida ko‘rsatib berilgan.
State and Capitalist Class in China’s Economic Transition: From Great Compromise to Strained Alliance
Creators: name: Nogueira, Isabel
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 



This article contributes to the debate on the role of the Chinese state in economic transition by shedding light on the relationship between the state and the emerging domestic capitalist class. In contrast to the literature that regards the state as a supra-class developmental state, we argue that the relation between the state and a new capitalist class is the product of a two- way movement of top-down forces and bottom-up forces over the course of a transition from a stage of what we call ‘Great Compromise’ to a stage of what we call ‘Strained Alliance’. The state-class relation has evolved with the dynamics of class conflicts, external constraints, and contradictions within regimes of accumulation.
Extension of Buchdahl's Theorem on Reciprocal Solutions
Creators: name: Pereira, David S.
name: Mimoso, José Pedro
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the development of Brans-Dicke gravity, it has become well-known that a conformal transformation of the metric can reformulate this theory, transferring the coupling of the scalar field from the Ricci scalar to the matter sector. Specifically, in this new frame, known as the Einstein frame, Brans-Dicke gravity is reformulated as General Relativity supplemented by an additional scalar field. In 1959, Hans Adolf Buchdahl utilized an elegant technique to derive a set of solutions for the vacuum field equations within this gravitational framework. In this paper, we extend Buchdahl's method to incorporate the cosmological constant and to the scalar-tensor cases beyond the Brans-Dicke archetypal theory, thereby, with a conformal transformation of the metric, obtaining solutions for a version of Brans-Dicke theory that includes a quadratic potential. More specifically, we obtain synchronous solutions in the following contexts: in scalar-tensor gravity with massless scalar fields, Brans-Dicke theory with a quadratic potential, where we obtain specific synchronous metrics to the Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric, the Nariai solution, and a hyperbolically foliated solution.
description: 16 pages. Published in Symmetry
Neutral hydrogen lensing simulations in the Hubble Frontier Fields
Creators: name: Blecher, Tariq
name: Deane, Roger
name: Obreschkow, Danail
name: Heywood, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold gas evolution ties the formation of dark matter halos to the star formation history of the universe. A primary component of cold gas, neutral atomic hydrogen (HI), can be traced by its 21-cm emission line. However, the faintness of this emission typically limits individual detections to low redshifts ($z\lesssim 0.2$). To address this limitation, we investigate the potential of targeting gravitationally lensed systems. Building on our prior galaxy-galaxy simulations, we have developed a ray-tracing code to simulate lensed HI images for known galaxies situated behind the massive Hubble Frontier Field galaxy clusters. Our findings reveal the existence of high HI mass, high HI magnification systems in these cluster lensing scenarios. Through simulations of hundreds of sources, we have identified compelling targets within the redshift range $z\approx 0.7 - 1.5$. The most promising candidate from our simulations is the Great Arc at z=0.725 in Abell~370, which should be detectable by MeerKAT in approximately 50 hours. Importantly, the derived HI mass is predicted to be relatively insensitive to systematic uncertainties in the lensing model, and should be constrained within a factor of $\sim 2.5$ for a 95 per cent confidence interval.
description: Accepted MNRAS on 8 July 2024
Continuous Science: Publishing Computational Articles and Executable Books
Creators: name: Cockett, Rowan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Presentation is available On YouTube.

We will highlight MyST Markdown in the context of scientific publishing. MyST is a markup language and open source community, which is part of Project Jupyter, and is used to create high quality web based publications, including Jupyter Notebooks as well as traditional research papers. There is a focus on structured data, rich cross-references, integrating with PIDs and scholarly services like ORCID, DOI, ROR, RRIDs and more. MyST Markdown has many LaTeX-beating features for technical writing, document translation capabilities, and a write-once publish-anywhere philosophy.

In this presentation we will demonstrate some of the functionality of the markup language and highlight themes from the more than 13,000 books, scientific articles and proceedings that have been created. The presentation will demonstrate how this project can spur an ecosystem of innovation around publishing infrastructure for metadata-rich, reusable open science.
ImpactStory EAGER grant proposal to the NSF, 2013
Creators: name: Impactstory Team
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Science Policy

description: Investigating the value of automatically-gathered software impact data. An NSF EAGER grant proposal, submitted by ImpactStory. Funded for $297,500 for two years, effective October 2013. Some of the text from this proposal also appears in this workshop paper: Toward a comprehensive impact report for every software project. ImpactStory team, Jason Priem, Heather Piwowar. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.790651
Autobiographical Sketches (2021)
Creators: name: Möbius, Klaus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Klaus Möbius
subject: biographical experiences
subject: biography
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::920 Biografie, Genealogie::920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien

description: Klaus Möbius gives a selection of his biographical experiences which have shaped his academic and personal life.
An Open Letter to ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and SciVerse Scopus
Creators: name: Byrnes, Jarrett
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Survey Results

description: An open letter to ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and SciVerse Scopus regarding their lack of counting citations in supplements and appendices and its impact on science signed by 68 scientists as of 9/20/2013.
Surface electronic corrugation of a one-dimensional topological metal: Bi(114)
Creators: name: Schmutzler, Stephan J.
name: Ruckhofer, Adrian
name: Ernst, Wolfgang E.
name: Tamtögl, Anton
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Surface electronic corrugation
subject: one-dimensional topological metal
subject: structural rearrangement
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: The surface of Bi(114) is a striking example where the reduced dimensionality gives rise to structural rearrangement and new states at the surface. Here, we present a study of the surface structure and electronic corrugation of this quasi one-dimensional topological metal based on helium atom scattering (HAS) measurements. In contrast to low-index metal surfaces, upon scattering from the stepped (114) truncation of Bi, a large proportion of the incident beam is scattered into higher order diffraction channels which in combination with the large surface unit cell makes an analysis challenging. The surface electronic corrugation of Bi(114) is determined, using measurements upon scattering normal to the steps, together with quantum mechanical scattering calculations. Therefore, minimisation routines that vary the shape of the corrugation are employed, in order to minimise the deviation between the calculations and experimental scans. Furthermore, we illustrate that quantum mechanical scattering calculations can be used to determine the orientation of the in- and outgoing beam with respect to the stepped surface structure.
Nonlinear vibration and stability of a dielectric elastomer balloon based on a strain-stiffening model
Creators: name: Alibakhshi, Amin
name: Chen, Weiqiu
name: Destrade, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Limiting chain extensibility is a characteristic that plays a vital role in the stretching of highly elastic materials. The Gent model has been widely used to capture this behaviour, as it performs very well in fitting stress-stretch data in simple tension, and involves two material parameters only. Recently, Anssari-Benam and Bucchi [Int. J. Non. Linear. Mech. 2021, 128, 103626] introduced a different form of generalised neo-Hookean model, focusing on the molecular structure of elastomers, and showed that their model encompasses all ranges of deformations, performing better than the Gent model in many respects, also with only two parameters. Here we investigate the nonlinear vibration and stability of a dielectric elastomer balloon modelled by that strain energy function. We derive the deformation field in spherical coordinates and the governing equations by the Euler-Lagrange method, assuming that the balloon retains its spherical symmetry as it inflates. We consider in turn that the balloon is under two types of voltages, a pure DC voltage and a DC voltage superimposed on an AC voltage. We analyse the dynamic response of the balloon and identify the influential parameters in the model. We find that the molecular structure of the material, as tracked by the number of segments in a single chain, can control the instability and the pull-in/snap-through critical voltage, as well as chaos and quasi-periodicity. The main result is that balloons made of materials exhibiting early strain-stiffening effects are more stable and less prone to generate chaotic nonlinear vibrations than softer materials, such as those modelled by the neo-Hookean strain-energy density function.
Emergency Ventilator "DIEGO"
Creators: name: Fadiga, Luciano
name: Sandini, Giulio
name: Torazza, Diego
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covid19 - Ventilator

description: Diego is a non-profit, open access project with the goal to design an emergency device to be used as an accessory of an Ambu®-like self-inflating resuscitators designed for manual ventilation. DIEGO can be used whenever manual operation cannot be sustained because of lack of experienced operators or because of a high number of patients needing ventilator support such as in case of a COVID-19 pandemic crisis. DIEGO’s principle of operation can be adopted to automatically squeeze and release the Ambu®-like bag and switching from automatic to manual ventilation is immediate. The operator can control all the relevant ventilation parameters, such as tidal volume, respiratory phases duration (inspiration/expiration ratio), respiratory frequency and end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). DIEGO’s principle of operation can be applied to different mechanical solutions with the advantage that the necessary mechanical components are easily reproducible anywhere with commonly available materials and basic mechanical workshop tools. The principle of mechanical actuation and the simplicity of the all-analog electronics makes the solution intrinsically safe for the patient as well as the operator. This release describes in details the principles of operation and the first experimental prototype that has been realized to verify its compliance to international safety rules and to tune the proper ventilation parameters to use for clinical test. Permission for clinical test was granted by the “Regione Emilia Romagna” Ethical Committee and was successfully completed in May 2020 as a ventilator during surgery requiring deep-anesthesia . A simpler industrial prototype is being designed for industrial production to be distributed at no charge. DIEGO’s design is fully open source and the documentation includes all details of mechanical and electrical design as well a user manual and a video demonstrating how to calibrate DIEGO’s ventilation parameters.
Modelling brain tissue elasticity with the Ogden model and an alternative family of constitutive models
Creators: name: Anssari-Benam, Afshin
name: Destrade, Michel
name: Saccomandi, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ogden model is often considered as a standard model in the literature for application to the deformation of brain tissue. Here we show that, in some of those applications, the use of the Ogden model leads to non-convexity of the strain-energy function and mis-prediction of the correct concavity of the experimental stress-stretch curves over a range of the deformation domain. By contrast, we propose a family of models which provides a favourable fit to the considered datasets while remaining free from the highlighted shortcomings of the Ogden model. While, as we discuss, those shortcomings might be due to the artefacts of the testing protocols, the proposed family of models proves impervious to such artefacts.
Does Health Aid Reduce Infant and Child Mortality from Diarrhea in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Creators: name: Pickbourn, Lynda
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: 


Achieving sustained improvements in health outcomes remains a challenge for sub-Saharan Africa, where diarrhea remains a leading cause of death in children under the age of five. This paper examines the impact of foreign aid to the health sector on diarrhea mortality in children under five in 47 sub -Saharan African countries, using panel data on the sectoral allocation of official development assistance in conjunction with country -level data on health outcomes. After controlling for fixed effects and the potential endogeneity of health aid, we find that increased health aid and increased public health expenditure are associated with lower diarrhea mortality in children under five. In addition, health aid increases government spending on health, suggesting that the overall impact of health aid on diarrheal death rates could exceed the direct effect. Furthermore, increased access to improved sources of water and sanitation are important in reducing child mortality from diarrhea.
New Opportunities in Seismic Data Processing
Creators: name: Al-Marzouqi, Hasan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Recent developments in signal processing offers new favorable approaches for data processing. In this article we focus on seismic applications where two main developments will be illustrated. First, we demonstrate a compressed sensing approach to data acquisition that allows for increased resolution with fewer samples. Next, we present a customized transform design approach, which opens the door for more efficient operations on seismic data sets.
Sequenceable Sequence-Defined Oligourethanes as a Medium for Information Storage
Creators: name: Boley, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Data storage
oligourethanes
polymers
synthesis
TORC

description: Physical data storage is an increasingly active field of research. Potential storage media such as DNA or RNA can encode sufficient information to be viable, but they are not stable in the long term. A potential alternative to these heavily studied polymers presented itself in plastics, especially the linear polymers of oligourethanes. These plastics demonstrate both the information density and stability necessary for long-term storage of encoded data, so long as individual units can be decoded and read at a later time. Previous work determined appropriate sequencing conditions for stepwise degradation of the oligourethanes, allowing for the reverse engineering of the sequence-defined polymer. With this proof of concept of information storage, focus was shifted toward solid phase synthesis, labeling, and sequencing of polyurethanes with diverse monomers bearing variable functionalities, to assess stability in the degradation conditions. Interest in the inclusion of Tunable Orthogonal Reversible Covalent (TORC) bonds served as the impetus for the synthesis of a Lysine-based monomer capable of “click” reactions. This monomer was successfully synthesized, integrated into a sequence-defined oligourethane, and modified with a TORC functionality using click chemistry. Moving forward, the project will focus on the sequencing of sequence-defined oligourethanes containing this and other monomers bearing variable functionalities, as well as investigating the capability of TORC-functionalized oligourethanes to form higher-ordered structures akin to DNA.
High-Quality Graphene Using Boudouard Reaction
Creators: name: Grebenko, Artem K.
name: Krasnikov, Dmitry V.
name: Bubis, Anton V.
name: Stolyarov, Vasily S.
name: Vyalikh, Denis V.
name: Makarova, Anna A.
name: Fedorov, Alexander
name: Aitkulova, Aisuluu
name: Alekseeva, Alena A.
name: Gilshtein, Evgeniia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Boudouard reaction
subject: carbon monoxide
subject: copper
subject: chemical vapor deposition
subject: graphene
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Following the game-changing high-pressure CO (HiPco) process that established the first facile route toward large-scale production of single-walled carbon nanotubes, CO synthesis of cm-sized graphene crystals of ultra-high purity grown during tens of minutes is proposed. The Boudouard reaction serves for the first time to produce individual monolayer structures on the surface of a metal catalyst, thereby providing a chemical vapor deposition technique free from molecular and atomic hydrogen as well as vacuum conditions. This approach facilitates inhibition of the graphene nucleation from the CO/CO2 mixture and maintains a high growth rate of graphene seeds reaching large-scale monocrystals. Unique features of the Boudouard reaction coupled with CO-driven catalyst engineering ensure not only suppression of the second layer growth but also provide a simple and reliable technique for surface cleaning. Aside from being a novel carbon source, carbon monoxide ensures peculiar modification of catalyst and in general opens avenues for breakthrough graphene-catalyst composite production.
Moment Closures for Fusion Optimization
Creators: name: Shukla, Akash
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Plasma
fusion
turbulence
energy
simulation
tokamak
nuclear reactor
gyrokinetic

description: Turbulent heat loss in a fusion reactor limits its ability to confine heat and produce fusion energy. Exploring tokamak parameters to find configurations that minimize turbulent trans- port will help us optimize fusion reactors. However, exploring efficiently and accurately is a challenge. Gyrokinetic models can accurately calculate turbulence but are too expensive to explore a broad parameter space with. Gyrofluid models are cheap, but they rely on moment closures that break down in the presence of turbulence. In order to develop a fast and accurate model to explore with, we will need robust closures that correctly capture nonlinear kinetic effects. As a starting point, we have developed such a closure for a simplified nonlinear gyrokinetic system, DNA (Hatch et al.), which models ITG turbulence in an unsheared slab. Numer- ical tests in the DNA simulation show that out new Dynami Multi-Mode (DMM) closure out performs standard closures and extrapolates to different parameter regimes.