cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Using System Dynamics for Holistic Rural Policy Assessments and Data Envelopment Analysis for Evaluation of Comparative Policy Efficiency at Regional level
Creators: name: Bryden, John Marshall
name: Bryden, John Marshall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The TOP-MARD (FW6) project was designed to evaluate the impact of a range of optional rural development policies on the multiple functions of agriculture and assess the differing economic, social and environmental outcomes over time in 11 European rural regions. Two main tools were used, namely dynamic system modelling and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Dynamic System Modelling allowed (ex ante) evaluation of the outcomes of various policy scenarios, while DEA provided the means of comparing these outcomes with relevant expenditures in the 11 regions studied. This paper describes and discusses these two tools, and suggests that they complement the evaluators’ tool-kit. System dynamics provides the means of assessing economic, social and environmental outcomes over time, while DEA analysis provides clues as to the relative efficiency of policies in delivering desired outcomes.
Constraining Primordial Black Holes with Dwarf Galaxy Heating
Creators: name: Lu, Philip
name: Takhistov, Volodymyr
name: Gelmini, Graciela B.
name: Hayashi, Kohei
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black holes formed in the early universe, prior to the formation of stars, can exist as dark matter and also contribute to the black hole merger events observed in gravitational waves. We set a new limit on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) by considering interactions of PBHs with the interstellar medium, which result in the heating of gas. We examine generic heating mechanisms, including emission from the accretion disk, dynamical friction, and disk outflows. Using the data from the Leo T dwarf galaxy, we set a new cosmology-independent limit on the abundance of PBHs in the mass range $\mathcal{O}(1) M_{\odot}-10^7 M_{\odot}$, relevant for the recently detected gravitational wave signals from intermediate-mass BHs.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure; published in Astrophysical Journal Letters
On the Optimal Taxation of Common-Pool Resources
Creators: name: Kossioris, Georgios
name: Plexousakis, Michael
name: Xepapadeas, Anastasios
name: Fe Zeeuw, Aart
name: Kossioris, Georgios
name: Plexousakis, Michael
name: Xepapadeas, Anastasios
name: Fe Zeeuw, Aart
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Differential Games
subject: non-linear Feedback Nash Equilibria
subject: Ecosystems
subject: Optimal State-dependent Tax

description: Recent research developments in common-pool resource models emphasize the importance of links with ecological systems and the presence of non-linearities, thresholds and multiple steady states. In a recent paper Kossioris et al. (2008) develop a methodology for deriving feedback Nash equilibria for non-linear differential games and apply this methodology to a common-pool resource model of a lake where pollution corresponds to benefits and at the same time affects the ecosystem services. This paper studies the structure of optimal state- dependent taxes that steer the combined economic-ecological system towards the trajectory of optimal management, and provides an algorithm for calculating such taxes.
Executive and judicial discretion in extradition between Canada and the United States
Creators: name: Botting, Gary Norman Arthur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation examines the historical development of judicial and executive discretion in successive extradition treaties, statutes and cases in Canada and the United States, and the ways in which extradition law has shifted from an initial emphasis on judicial discretion to a marked emphasis in recent years on executive discretion. In particular, Canada's Extradition Act (1999) delineates a relationship between the executive and judiciary in which most discretionary decision-making powers are assigned to the Minister of Justice rather than to the courts. Under the new legislation, which is largely a codification of the several opinions of LaForest J. of the Supreme Court of Canada, superior court judges, despite all their experience and training in the law, are put in the position of administrative clerks with little or no significant judicial discretion. It is argued that by granting increased powers to the Minister, the Act compels both the Minister and the courts of appeal to exercise their discretion more often, more carefully and more fairly than they have used it in the past in considering whether to order surrender for extradition from Canada to the United States. Judicial review should be considered an automatic part of the extradition process. Indeed, where the Minister fails to exercise discretion with respect to areas that traditionally have fallen under his domain - such as the discretion to refuse extradition without assurances that the death penalty will not be sought, or to refuse extradition in light of abuse of process - the Supreme Court of Canada has of late shown a willingness to use judicial review to halt extradition. Given the recalcitrance of the Minister to use his expanded discretion, the Act may need to be redrafted to grant back to extradition judges discretionary powers that they traditionally enjoyed, including the power to assess whether the conduct underlying charges brought in an extradition request are of a political character.
Liberalizing Climate-Friendly Goods and Technologies in the WTO: Product Coverage, Modalities, Challenges and the Way Forward
Creators: name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Goods and Services
subject: Low-Carbon Goods and Technologies
subject: Doha Round
subject: WTO

description: The Doha Round Agenda (paragraph 31(3)) mandates to liberalize environmental goods and services. This mandate offers a good opportunity to put climate-friendly goods and services on a fast track to liberalization. Agreement on this paragraph should represent one immediate contribution that the WTO can make to fight against climate change. This paper presents the key issues surrounding liberalized trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies in WTO environmental goods negotiations. It begins with what products to liberalize and how. Clearly, WTO environmental goods negotiations to date show that WTO member countries are divided by this key issue. Focusing on the issue, the paper explores options available to liberalize trade in climate-friendly goods and technologies, both within and outside the WTO, and along with these discussions, discusses how to serve the best interests of developing countries.
A Gas Giant Planet in the OGLE-2006-BLG-284L Stellar Binary System
Creators: name: Bennett, David P.
name: Udalski, Andrzej
name: Bond, Ian A.
name: Abe, Fumio
name: Barry, Richard K.
name: Bhattacharya, Aparna
name: Donachie, Martin
name: Fujii, Hirosane
name: Fukui, Akihiko
name: Hirao, Yuki
name: Itow, Yoshitaka
name: Kawasaki, Kohei
name: Kirikawa, Rintaro
name: Kondo, Iona
name: Koshimoto, Naoki
name: Li, Man Cheung Alex
name: Matsubara, Yutaka
name: Miyazaki, Shota
name: Muraki, Yasushi
name: Ranc, Clément
name: Rattenbury, Nicholas J.
name: Satoh, Yuki
name: Shoji, Hikaru
name: Sumi, Takahiro
name: Suzuki, Daisuke
name: Tanaka, Yuzuru
name: Tristram, Paul J.
name: Yamawaki, Tsubasa
name: Yonehara, Atsunori
name: Mroz, Przemek
name: Poleski, Radek
name: Szymanski, Michał K.
name: Soszynski, Igor
name: Wyrzykowski, Łukasz
name: Ulaczyk, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of microlensing event OGLE-2006-BLG-284, which has a lens system that consists of two stars and a gas giant planet with a mass ratio of $q_p = (1.26\pm 0.19) \times 10^{-3}$ to the primary. The mass ratio of the two stars is $q_s = 0.289\pm 0.011$, and their projected separation is $s_s = 2.1\pm 0.7\,$AU, while the projected separation of the planet from the primary is $s_p = 2.2\pm 0.8\,$AU. For this lens system to have stable orbits, the three-dimensional separation of either the primary and secondary stars or the planet and primary star must be much larger than that these projected separations. Since we do not know which is the case, the system could include either a circumbinary or a circumstellar planet. Because there is no measurement of the microlensing parallax effect or lens system brightness, we can only make a rough Bayesian estimate of the lens system masses and brightness. We find host star and planet masses of $M_{L1} = 0.35^{+0.30}_{-0.20}\,M_\odot$, $M_{L2} = 0.10^{+0.09}_{-0.06}\,M_\odot$, and $m_p = 144^{+126}_{-82}\,M_\oplus$, and the $K$-band magnitude of the combined brightness of the host stars is $K_L = 19.7^{+0.7}_{-1.0}$. The separation between the lens and source system will be $\sim 90\,$mas in mid-2020, so it should be possible to detect the host system with follow-up adaptive optics or Hubble Space Telescope observations.
Wolf-Rayet Stars as IMF Probes
Creators: name: Leitherer, Claus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wolf-Rayet stars are the evolved descendents of massive stars. Their extraordinary properties make them useful tracers of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) in a young stellar population. I discuss how the interpretation of spectral diagnostics are complicated by the interplay of stellar, nebular, and dust properties. There is mounting observational evidence for spatial inhomogeneities in the gas and dust distribution. The interplay of these inhomogeneities can significantly alter frequently used star-formation and IMF indicators. Specific examples presented in this contribution are the starburst galaxies NGC 1614, NGC 2798, and NGC 3125.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; in IMF@50, ed. E. Corbelli, F. Palla, & H. Zinnecker (Dordrecht: Kluwer), in press
Doroixys ooishiae Kim & Boxshall 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kim, Il-Hoi
name: Boxshall, Geoff A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Copepoda
Cyclopoida
Notodelphyidae
Doroixys
Doroixys ooishiae

description: Doroixys ooishiae sp. nov.
Syn. Doroixys uncinata: Ooishi, 1972, p. 305, text-figs. 1-3; pl. xiv, fig. 2.
Etymology. The name of the new species honours its discoverer, Shigeko Ooishi.
Description: see Ooishi (1972).
Remarks. The specimens described by Ooishi (1972) under the name D. uncinata Kerschner exhibit significant differences from the original description and from our observations of typical D. uncinata. These differences are: (1) the caudal ramus is shorter, 2.3 times longer than wide compared to 3.2 times in D. uncinata; (2) the first exopodal segment of leg 2 bears an inner seta (cf. seta absent); (3) the distal segment of the endopod of leg 4 is armed with 3 setae (cf. no setae); and (4) the protopodal process (“outer lobe” according to Ooishi) of leg 5 is produced and tapering. The material examined by Ooishi (1972) is not conspecific with D. uncinata and we here recognize it as a new species, Doroixys ooishiae sp. nov. Ooishi (1972) described the third endopodal segment of leg 1 as bearing 7 setae (formula 1, 2, 4), such an armature formula is extremely unusual for the family Notodelphyidae. This armature condition is considered an abnormality and requires confirmation.
description: Published as part of Kim, Il-Hoi & Boxshall, Geoff A., 2020, Untold diversity: the astonishing species richness of the Notodelphyidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), a family of symbiotic copepods associated with ascidians (Tunicata), pp. 1-6 in Megataxa 4 (1) on page 463, DOI: 10.11646/megataxa.4.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4591138
Risky Activities and Strict Liability Rules: Delegating Safety
Creators: name: Mondello, Gerard
name: Mondello, Gerard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Environment
subject: Strict Liability
subject: Ex-Ante Regulation
subject: Ex-Post Liability
subject: Judgment-Proof
subject: Environment Law
subject: CERCLA
subject: Environmental Liability

description: This paper studies the delegation of activities that pose serious risks to health and the environment in an economy regulated by strict liability schemes. Strict liability induces judgment-proof possibilities. Two civil liability regimes are then compared: a strict liability scheme and a capped strict liability one. The argument is led under a twofold asymmetric information assumption between the principal and the agent: the efficiency level in effort for safety and the agent’s level of wealth. The paper shows that standard strict liability under information asymmetries deters the efficient agent to compete and favors adverse selection. Then, under conditions, a capped strict liability regime is a better regime than a standard strict liability one because it induces the efficient agent to supply the level of safety effort equivalent to the first best solution. The counterpart is the perception of an informational rent by the efficient agent. At the optimum, this rent is minimized by the efficient contract supplied by the principal.
A comparative study of the spatial distribution of ultraviolet and far-infrared fluxes from M 101
Creators: name: Popescu, C. C.
name: Tuffs, R. J.
name: Madore, B. F.
name: de Paz, A. Gil
name: Völk, H. J.
name: Barlow, T.
name: Bianchi, L.
name: Byun, Y-I.
name: Donas, J.
name: Forster, K.
name: Friedman, P. G.
name: Heckman, T. M.
name: Jelinsky, P. N.
name: Lee, Y. -W.
name: Malina, R. F.
name: Martin, C. D.
name: Milliard, B.
name: Morrissey, P.
name: Neff, S. G.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Schiminovich, D.
name: Siegmund, O. H. W.
name: Small, T.
name: Szalay, A. S.
name: Welsh, B. Y.
name: Wyder, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The total ultraviolet (UV) flux (from 1412 to 2718 AA) of M 101 is compared on a pixel-to-pixel basis with the total far-infrared (FIR) flux (from 60 to 170 micron), using the maps of the galaxy taken by GALEX in the near-UV and far-UV and by ISOPHOT at 60, 100 and 170 micron. The main result of this investigation is the discovery of a tight dependence of the FIR/UV ratio on radius, with values monotonically decreasing from around 4 in the nuclear region to nearly zero towards the edge of the optical disk. Although the tightness of this dependence is in part attributable to resolution effects, the result is consistent with the presence of a large-scale distribution of diffuse dust having a face-on optical depth which decreases with radius and which dominates over the more localized variations in opacity between the arm and interarm regions. We also find a trend for the FIR/UV ratio to take on higher values in the regions of diffuse interarm emission than in the spiral-arm regions, at a given radius. This is interpreted quantitatively in terms of the escape probability of UV photons from spiral arms and their subsequent scattering in the interarm regions, and in terms of the larger relative contribution of optical photons to the heating of the dust in the interarm regions.
description: This paper will be published as part of the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ApJ Letters Special Issue. Links to the full set of papers will be available at http://www.galex.caltech.edu/PUBLICATIONS/ after Nov. 22, 2004. For version with full resolution images go to: http://edoc.mpg.de/204700.0
Distance dependent competitive interactions in a frustrated network of mobile agents
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Sayantan Nag
name: Majhi, Soumen
name: Ghosh, Dibakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diverse collective dynamics emerge in dynamical systems interacting on top of complex network architectures. Along this line of research, temporal network has come out to be one of the most promising network platforms to investigate. Especially, such network with spatially moving agents has been established to be capable of modelling a number of practical instances. In this paper, we examine the dynamical outcomes of moving agents interacting based upon their physical proximity. For this, we particularly emphasize on the impact of competing interactions among the agents depending on their physical distance. We specifically assume attractive coupling between agents which are staying apart from each other, whereas we adopt repulsive interaction for agents that are sufficiently close in space. With this set-up, we consider two types of coupling configurations, symmetry-breaking and symmetry-preserving couplings. We encounter variants of collective dynamics ranging from synchronization, inhomogeneous small oscillation to cluster state and extreme events while changing the attractive and repulsive coupling strengths. We have been able to map all these dynamical behaviors in the coupling parameter space. Complete synchronization being the most desired state in absence of repulsive coupling, we present an analytical study for this scenario that agrees well with the numerical results.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, 2020
Implications of a possible TeV break in the cosmic-ray electron and positron flux
Creators: name: Ding, Yu-Chen
name: Li, Nan
name: Wei, Chun-Cheng
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
name: Zhou, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A TeV spectral break in the total flux of cosmic-ray electrons and positrons (CREs) at which the spectral power index softens from $\sim 3$ to $\sim 4$ has been observed by H.E.S.S. and recently confirmed by DAMPE with a high significance of $6.6~σ$. Such an observation is apparently inconsistent with the data from other experiments such as Fermi-LAT, AMS-02 and CALET. We perform a global analysis to the latest CRE data including Fermi-LAT, AMS-02, CALET, DAMPE and H.E.S.S. with energy scale uncertainties taken into account to improve the consistency between the data sets. The fit result strongly favors the existence of the break at $\sim 1$ TeV with an even higher statistical significance of $13.3~σ$. In view of the tentative CRE break, we revisit a number of models of nearby sources, such as a single generic Pulsar Wind Nebula (PWN), known multiple PWNe from the ATNF catalog, and their combinations with either an additional Dark Matter (DM) component or a Supernova Remnant (SNR). We show that the CRE break at $\sim 1$ TeV, together with the known CR positron excess points towards the possibility that the nearby sources should be highly charge asymmetric. Among the models under consideration, the one with a PWN plus SNR is most favored by the current data. The favoured distance and age of the PWN and SNR sources are both within $0.6$ kpc and around $10^{5}$ yr respectively. Possible candidate sources include PSR J0954-5430, Vela and Monogem ring, etc. We find that for the models under consideration, the additional DM component is either unnecessary, or predicts too much photons in tension with the H.E.S.S. data of $γ$-rays from the direction of the Galactic Center. We also show that the current measurement of the anisotropies in the arrival direction of the CRE can be useful in determining the property of the sources.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, 15 tables. Version to appear in Phys.Rev.D
The LEADER programme 2007-2013: refocusing towards agriculture-oriented activities as a consequence of ‘mainstreaming’ innovative rural action in Austria
Creators: name: Oedl-Wieser, Theresia
name: Strahl, Wibke
name: Dax, Thomas
name: Oedl-Wieser, Theresia
name: Strahl, Wibke
name: Dax, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Leader mainstreaming
subject: rural development policy
subject: area-based local strategies
subject: innovation
subject: multi-sectoral activities

description: Since the on-going funding period 2007-2013 the former European Community Initiative Leader has become a constituent part of Rural Development Policies. Above all the mainstreaming of Leader into the Rural Development Programme (RDP) as axis 4 has both significantly changed the level of funding and the way in which Leader is executed in comparison with the previous period (2000-2006). This paper discusses the impact and consequences of this mainstreaming process by the Austrian example, mainly because there are clearly concerns that the EU-wide successful Leader formula of bottom-up rural development will be replaced by a pronounced top-down approach in the new programme.
A relational quantum computer using only two-qubit total spin measurement and an initial supply of highly mixed single qubit states
Creators: name: Rudolph, Terry
name: Virmani, Shashank Soyuz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that universal quantum computation is possible using only (i) the physically natural measurement on two qubits which distinguishes the singlet from the triplet subspace, and (ii) qubits prepared in almost any three different (potentially highly mixed) states. In some sense this measurement is a `more universal' dynamical element than a universal 2-qubit unitary gate, since the latter must be supplemented by measurement. Because of the rotational invariance of the measurement used, our scheme is robust to collective decoherence in a manner very different to previous proposals - in effect it is only ever sensitive to the relational properties of the qubits.
description: TR apologises for yet again finding a coauthor with a ridiculous middle name [12]
Properties of Galaxy Groups in the SDSS: I.-- The Dependence of Colour, Star Formation, and Morphology on Halo Mass
Creators: name: Weinmann, Simone M.
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Mo, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a large galaxy group catalogue constructed from the SDSS, we investigate the correlation between various galaxy properties and halo mass. We split the population of galaxies in early types, late types, and intermediate types, based on their colour and specific star formation rate. At fixed luminosity, the early type fraction increases with increasing halo mass. Most importantly, this mass dependence is smooth and persists over the entire mass range probed, without any break or feature at any mass scale. We argue that the previous claim of a characteristic feature on galaxy group scales is an artefact of the environment estimators used. At fixed halo mass, the luminosity dependence of the type fractions is surprisingly weak: galaxy type depends more strongly on halo mass than on luminosity. We also find that the early type fraction decreases with increasing halo-centric radius. Contrary to previous studies, we find that this radial dependence is also present in low mass haloes. The properties of satellite galaxies are strongly correlated with those of their central galaxy. In particular, the early type fraction of satellites is significantly higher in a halo with an early type central galaxy than in a halo of the same mass but with a late type central galaxy. This phenomenon, which we call `galactic conformity', is present in haloes of all masses and for satellites of all luminosities. Finally, the fraction of intermediate type galaxies is always ~20 percent, independent of luminosity, independent of halo mass, independent of halo-centric radius, and independent of whether the galaxy is a central galaxy or a satellite galaxy. We discuss the implications of all these findings for galaxy formation and evolution.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures. Submitted for publication in MNRAS
Characterization of the small mitochondrial RNAs, and their role in the regulation of mito-nuclear interactions.
Creators: name: Pozzi, Andrea
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: In this thesis, we characterized a new class of small RNAs encoded within the mitochondrial genome. We present evidence that these small RNAs are involved in a process called RNA interference and that they are conserved across animals. We document evidence that the small mitochondrial RNAs are able to interact with nuclear mRNAs, thus suggesting that these RNAs can influence cell regulation and animal phenotypes.
Chemical composition, health benefits, food processing effects and applications of Boletus: a review
Creators: name: Liu, Qiuming
name: Sun, Liping
name: Ding, Yangyue
name: Zhuang, Yongliang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Boletus are wild edible mushrooms that are consumed worldwide for their appealing taste and abundant production. The aim of this review was to summarize and discuss the characteristics, effects of food processing and application of Boletus worldwide. A better understanding of Boletus nutritional profiles with high carbohydrate and protein, low fat and energy. Volatile (odor compounds) and nonvolatile (free amino acids, 5′-nucleotide and nucleoside, free sugars, organic acids and umami peptides) compounds together contribute to the flavor of Boletus. Varies bioactive substances such as phenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, tocopherols, lectins and pigment, have also been identified in Boletus, showing wide spectrum biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic and hypotensive activities. In addition, drying, storage and cooking influenced the physical, chemical, sensory properties and biological activities of Boletus. The application of Boletus was focused on food dietary supplement, enhancement of food nutrition and function, indicating Boletus can be further developed as a functional food for human health. Further research suggestions focus on the mechanism of bioactive substances, the novel umami peptides, and the digestion and absorption of Boletus.
Probing Split Supersymmetry with Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis
name: Goldberg, Haim
name: Nunez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A striking aspect of the recently proposed split supersymmetry is the existence of heavy gluinos which are metastable because of the very heavy squarks which mediate their decay. In this paper we correlate the expected flux of these particles with the accompanying neutrino flux produced in inelastic $pp$ collisions in distant astrophysical sources. We show that an event rate at the Pierre Auger Observatory of approximately 1 yr$^{-1}$ for gluino masses of about 500 GeV is consistent with existing limits on neutrino fluxes. The extremely low inelasticity of the gluino-containing hadrons in their collisions with the air molecules makes possible a distinct characterization of the showers induced in the atmosphere. Should such anomalous events be observed, we show that their cosmogenic origin, in concert with the requirement that they reach the Earth before decay, leads to a lower bound on their proper lifetime of the order of 100 years, and consequently, to a lower bound on the scale of supersymmetry breaking, $Λ_{\rm SUSY} >2.6 \times 10^{11}$ GeV. Obtaining such a bound is not possible in collider experiments.
description: Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
Are Academics Messy? Testing the Broken Windows Theory with a Field Experiment in the Work Environment
Creators: name: Ramos, Joao
name: Torgler, Benno
name: Ramos, Joao
name: Torgler, Benno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Broken Windows Theory
subject: Field Experiment
subject: Littering

description: We study the broken windows theory with a field experiment in a shared area of a workplace in academia (department common room). We explore academics’ and postgraduate students’ behaviour under an order condition (clean environment) and a disorder condition (messy environment). We find strong support that signs of disorderly behaviour triggers littering. In the disorder treatment 59% of the subjects litter compared to 18% in the order condition. The results remain robust when controlling compared to previous studies for a large set of factors in a multivariate analysis. When academic staff members and postgraduate students observe that others violated the social norm of keeping the common room clean the probability of littering increases ceteris paribus by around 40 percent.
Energy composition of the Universe: time-independent internal symmetry
Creators: name: Chernin, Arthur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy composition of the Universe, as emerged from the Type Ia supernova observations and the WMAP data, looks preposterously complex, -- but only at the first glance. In fact, its structure proves to be simple and regular. An analysis in terms of the Friedmann integral enables to recognize a remarkably simple time-independent covariant robust recipe of the cosmic mix: the numerical values of the Friedmann integral for vacuum, dark matter, baryons and radiation are approximately identical. The identity may be treated as a symmetry relation that unifies cosmic energies into a regular set, a quartet, with the Friedmann integral as its common genuine time-independent physical parameter. Such cosmic internal (non-geometrical) symmetry exists whenever cosmic energies themselves exist in nature. It is most natural for a finite Universe suggested by the WMAP data. A link to fundamental theory may be found under the assumption about a special significance of the electroweak energy scale in both particle physics and cosmology. A freeze-out model developed on this basis demonstrates that the physical nature of new symmetry might be due to the interplay between electroweak physics and gravity at the cosmic age of a few picoseconds. The big `hierarchy number' of particle physics represents the interplay in the model. This number quantifies the Friedmann integral and gives also a measure to some other basic cosmological figures and phenomena associated with new symmetry. In this way, cosmic internal symmetry provides a common ground for better understanding of old and recent problems that otherwise seem unrelated; the coincidence of the observed cosmic densities, the flatness of the co-moving space, the initial perturbations and their amplitude, the cosmic entropy are among them.
description: 32 pages
Innovative Payment Solutions in Agricultural Value Chain as a Means for Greater Financial Inclusion
Creators: name: Pandey, Tushar
name: Krishna, Nagahari
name: Vickers, Venetia
name: Menezes, Antonio
name: Raghavendra, M.
name: Pandey, Tushar
name: Krishna, Nagahari
name: Vickers, Venetia
name: Menezes, Antonio
name: Raghavendra, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The efforts for financial inclusion need to be designed with a vision beyond just the percentage of the country population with access to a bank account or a no frills account; to focus more on how this can enhance the capability and convenience for the un-banked and under-banked, specifically the small and marginal farmers in this case, to enable greater transparency, accountability, efficiency and convenient access to necessary facilities. The growth of ICT industry and mobile telecom revolution in India has provided immense opportunities for targeting various nodes in an agricultural value chain; and in linking small and marginal farmers. By leveraging on the available technology, payment systems such as mobilebased and card-based can extend the convenience and will revolutionize the transaction environment with the agricultural value chain. These new payment mechanisms aim not only at introducing cashless payments but also at greater financial inclusion by being more affordable and easily available to everyone. In the age of collaboration and partnerships, the triad of mobile operators, technology developers and banks have begun to work closely in what is emerging as a revolution. The Government will play an important role in facilitating this partnership and scaling successful models as part of its policy to enable greater financial inclusion, with a focus on the small and marginal farmers.
Impact of COVID-19 behavioral inertia on reopening strategies for New York City Transit
Creators: name: Wang, Ding
name: He, Brian Yueshuai
name: Gao, Jingqin
name: Chow, Joseph Y. J.
name: Ozbay, Kaan
name: Iyer, Shri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected travel behaviors and transportation system operations, and cities are grappling with what policies can be effective for a phased reopening shaped by social distancing. A baseline model was previously developed and calibrated for pre-COVID conditions as MATSim-NYC. A new COVID model is calibrated that represents travel behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic by recalibrating the population agendas to include work-from-home and re-estimating the mode choice model for MATSim-NYC to fit observed traffic and transit ridership data. Assuming the change in behavior exhibits inertia during reopening, we analyze the increase in car traffic due to the phased reopen plan guided by the state government of New York. Four reopening phases and two reopening scenarios (with and without transit capacity restrictions) are analyzed. A Phase 4 reopening with 100% transit capacity may only see as much as 73% of pre-COVID ridership and an increase in the number of car trips by as much as 142% of pre-pandemic levels. Limiting transit capacity to 50% would decrease transit ridership further from 73% to 64% while increasing car trips to as much as 143% of pre-pandemic levels. While the increase appears small, the impact on consumer surplus is disproportionately large due to already increased traffic congestion. Many of the trips also get shifted to other modes like micromobility. The findings imply that a transit capacity restriction policy during reopening needs to be accompanied by (1) support for micromobility modes, particularly in non-Manhattan boroughs, and (2) congestion alleviation policies that focus on reducing traffic in Manhattan, such as cordon-based pricing.
Nonequilibrium Solvent Polarization Effects in Real-Time Electronic Dynamics of Solute Molecules Subject to Time-Dependent Electric Fields: A New Feature of the Polarizable Continuum Model
Creators: name: Gil, Gabriel
name: Pipolo, Silvio
name: Delgado, Alain
name: Rozzi, Carlo Andrea
name: Corni, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop an extension of the time-dependent equation-of-motion formulation of the polarizable continuum model (EOM-TDPCM) to introduce nonequilibrium cavity field effects in quantum mechanical calculations of solvated molecules subject to time-dependent electric fields. This method has been implemented in Octopus, a state-of-the-art code for real-space, real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) calculations. To show the potential of our methodology, we perform EOM-TDPCM/RT-TDDFT calculations of trans-azobenzene in water and in other model solvents with shorter relaxation times. Our results for the optical absorption spectrum of trans-azobenzene show (i) that cavity field effects have a clear impact in the overall spectral shape and (ii) that an accurate description of the solute shape (as the one provided within PCM) is key to correctly account for cavity field effects.
description: published under ACS Authorchoice license
Eslicarbazepine Acetate: A Review in Focal-Onset Seizures
Creators: name: Young-A Heo
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards Disclosure: The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Conflicts of interest: Young-A Heo is a salaried employee of Adis/Springer, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here
 AbstractEslicarbazepine acetate (Zebinix®), a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, is a once-daily, orally administered anti-seizure medication available in the EU for use as monotherapy in adults with newly diagnosed focal-onset seizures and as adjunctive therapy in adults, adolescents and children aged > 6 years with focal-onset seizures. In adult patients, adjunctive eslicarbazepine acetate was generally associated with a significant decrease in seizure frequency and an increase in responder rate compared with placebo. The drug was also an effective monotherapy agent in adult patients, demonstrating noninferiority to controlled-release carbamazepine, in terms of seizure freedom rates. In paediatric patients, eslicarbazepine acetate provided seizure control when administered as adjunctive therapy, with the benefits appearing to be dependent on age and dose. The antiepileptic efficacy of eslicarbazepine acetate as adjunctive therapy or as monotherapy was maintained during longer-term extension studies, with each extension study period being up to 2 years. Oral eslicarbazepine acetate was generally well tolerated when administered as adjunctive therapy or monotherapy in adult patients and when administered as adjunctive therapy in paediatric patients, with most adverse events being of mild or moderate intensity. In conclusion, with the convenience of once-daily administration, eslicarbazepine acetate is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment option for adults, adolescents and children aged > 6 years with focal-onset seizures.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Global Market and Local Players: A Value Chain System of Collaborative Strategies
Creators: name: Sahoo, B.B.
name: Sahoo, B.B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Since independence, different institutional arrangements have been tried to reorganize the land and production relations for bringing change in farming systems and enhancing crop yield of small farmers. But, these interventions have not been successful in bringing any meaningful improvement. Non-viability of small landholdings, inadequacies in the availability of inputs, poor extension and infrastructural support and insufficient marketing avenues have been found to be the primary reasons for the low crop productivity. However, it is believed that changes in institutional arrangements of land tenure system like land leasing, contract farming and corporate farming can make the small farms economically viable. By forging strategic alliance with farmers and banks, the corporate sector, which is known for its efficient management, can provide a sound business framework and prove to be a panacea for the ills of agricultural sector in general and small farmers in particular. The experience of some the Indian companies and multi-national companies are quite encouraging in this area. This paper has made an attempt to integrate small farmers and corporate sector and establish a link between small farmers and global market through effective value chain system. Besides, it has described the role of various players in the value chain and has discussed how the government, keeping the interests of the farmers in view, can facilitate greater participation of the corporate sector through appropriate policy framework.
An effective reparations regime for the international criminal court
Creators: name: Stewart, Fenner L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The "Statute of Rome for the International Criminal Court" is the most significant advancement in international law since the formation of the United Nations. The International Criminal Court has been established primarily to administer criminal justice over those accused of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. The court also has an alternative ancillary power to issue orders against a convicted person to pay reparations to their victims. This reparations regime must be effective if the court is going to have the capacity to help victims in a material way. The best chance that the Court has to achieve an effective regime is to prevent suspects from hiding their assets. To do this, it is suggested that the Court must issue provisional measures at the pre-trial stage to ensure such assets are available for funding future reparation awards. However, it will be established that certain State Parties might object to the court interpreting its power so as to give itself this capacity. It is feared that a potential backlash from State Parties might compromise the court's capacity to enforce any orders that depend upon domestic cooperation. This dilemma creates the setting for the principal argument of this thesis, being that the Court should not only attempt to establish an effective reparations regime, but it must also do so in a way that will avoid damaging its relations with State Parties, which are central to the Court's overall ability to administer justice.
SAARC Agricultural Vision 2020
Creators: name: Chand, Ramesh
name: Chand, Ramesh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper has visualized how agricultural scenario would evolve in the near future and what policies and strategies would be appropriate to adjust to the emerging changes and to harness the new opportunities. The major challenges for agriculture in the region are: raising and sustaining agricultural growth; ensuring food and nutritional security; facing impact of climate change; adjusting to changes in energy scenario; maintaining biosafety and bio-security; make sustainable use of natural resources and protecting biodiversity. The new opportunities lie in trade, marketing, biotechnology, shifting demand preferences in domestic and overseas markets, technology sharing, resource sharing and investments in research, extension and infrastructural development. SAARC countries need to develop science-based strategies for collective response to challenges and opportunities and global shocks in agriculture.
Testing the nature of gravitational-wave polarizations using strongly lensed signals
Creators: name: Goyal, Srashti
name: Haris, K.
name: Mehta, Ajit Kumar
name: Ajith, Parameswaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave (GW) observations by a network of ground-based laser interferometric detectors allow us to probe the nature of GW polarizations. This would be an interesting test of general relativity (GR), since GR predicts only two polarization modes while there are theories of gravity that predict up to six polarization modes. The ability of GW observations to probe the nature of polarizations is limited by the available number of linearly independent detectors in the network. (To extract all polarization modes, there should be at least as many detectors as the polarization modes.) Strong gravitational lensing of GWs offers a possibility to significantly increase the effective number of detectors in the network. Due to strong lensing (e.g., by galaxies), multiple copies of the same signal can be observed with time delays of several minutes to weeks. Owing to the rotation of the earth, observation of the multiple copies of the same GW signal would allow the network to measure different combinations of the same polarizations. This effectively multiplies the number of detectors in the network. Focusing on strongly lensed signals from binary black hole mergers that produce two observable "images", using Bayesian model selection and assuming simple polarization models, we show that our ability to distinguish between polarization models is significantly improved.
description: 9 pages, 6 figs
Inflationary Solution to the Strong CP and $μ$ Problems
Creators: name: Eyton-Williams, O. J.
name: King, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the vacuum expectation value of the inflaton at the Peccei-Quinn axion scale can generate the supersymmetric Higgs mass $μ$ term. This provides an inflationary simultaneous solution to the strong CP problem and the $μ$ problem of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, and gives a testable prediction for the $μ$ parameter: $μ^2 \approx (0.25-0.5)m_0^2$, where $m_0$ is the soft Higgs scalar mass. Our model involves a very small Yukawa coupling of order $10^{-10}$, which could originate from an extra-dimensional scenario or type I string theory.
description: Version to appear in Physics Letters B. 14 pages
Environmental Value of Draught Animals: Saving of Fossil-fuel and Prevention of Greenhouse Gas Emission
Creators: name: Dikshit, A.K.
name: Birthal, Pratap Singh
name: Dikshit, A.K.
name: Birthal, Pratap Singh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Animal energy is a renewable and sustainable source of energy. It is renewable because the animals can be reproduced by breeding and rearing the required number of animals. It is sustainable because the animals derive their energy for work largely from agricultural by-products. In addition, there are other environmental contributions of the working animal stock — consider replacing it by agricultural machinery run on fossil-fuel. Animal energy saves natural resources, fossil fuel and prevents green house gases emission. The fossil-fuel equivalent of the animal energy used in the Indian agriculture has been found pretty large, as much as 19 million tonnes of diesel in 2003. If this much amount of fuel were to be burnt through combustion to run tractors in the absence of the working animal stock of over 60 million, it would have released about 6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide.