cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supersymmetric (S)Neutrino-Mass Induced Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Campbell, B. A.
name: Davidson, S.
name: Olive, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new mechanism for baryogenesis in supersymmetric extensions of the standard model, that does not depend on (super)GUT interactions. It occurs by the non-perturbative electroweak reprocessing of a lepton asymmetry. This lepton asymmetry is generated by the effects of lepton number violating induced operators, arising from "see-saw" (s)neutrino masses, which act on scalar condensate oscillations along flat directions of the supersymmetric standard model.
description: preprint numbers: Alberta Thy-31-92, LBL-32888, UMN-TH-1113-92; Physics Letters B (in press); LATEX file; 8 pages, one figure (not included, available on request)
Constraints on a Spin-Dependent Exotic Interaction between Electrons with Single Electron Spin Quantum Sensors
Creators: name: Rong, Xing
name: Jiao, Man
name: Geng, Jianpei
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Xie, Tianyu
name: Shi, Fazhan
name: Duan, Chang-Kui
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new laboratory bound on the axial-vector mediated interaction between electron spins at micrometer scale is established with single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. A single crystal of $p$-terphenyl doped pentacene-$d_{14}$ under laser pumping provides the source of polarized electron spins. Based on the measurement of polarization signal via nitrogen-vacancy centers, we set a constraint for the exotic electron-electron coupling $g_A^eg_A^e$, within the force range from 10 to 900 $μ$m. The obtained upper bound of the coupling at 500 $μ$m is $|g_A^eg_A^e / 4π\hbar c |\leq 1.8\times 10^{-19} $, which is one order of magnitude more stringent than a previous experiment. Our result shows that the NV center can be a promising platform for searching for new particles predicted by theories beyond the standard model.
Evaluating Forecasting Performance in the Context of Process-Level Decisions: Methods, Computation Platform, and Studies in Residential Electricity Demand Estimation
Creators: name: Huntsinger, Richard A.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This dissertation explores how decisions about the forecasting process can affect the evaluation of forecasting performance, in general and in the domain of residential electricity demand estimation. Decisions of interest include those around data sourcing, sampling, clustering, temporal magnification, algorithm selection, testing approach, evaluation metrics, and others. Models of the forecasting process and analysis methods are formulated in terms of a three-tier decision taxonomy, by which decision effects are exposed through systematic enumeration of the techniques resulting from those decisions. A computation platform based on the models is implemented to compute and visualize the effects. The methods and computation platform are first demonstrated by applying them to 3,003 benchmark datasets to investigate various decisions, including those that could impact the relationship between data entropy and forecastability. Then, they are used to study over 10,624 week-ahead and day-ahead residential electricity demand forecasting techniques, utilizing fine-resolution electricity usage data collected over 18 months on groups of 782 and 223 households by real smart electric grids in Ireland and Australia, respectively. The main finding from this research is that forecasting performance is highly sensitive to the interaction effects of many decisions. Sampling is found to be an especially effective data strategy, clustering not so, temporal magnification mixed. Other relationships between certain decisions and performance are surfaced, too. While these findings are empirical and specific to one practically scoped investigation, they are potentially generalizable, with implications for residential electricity demand estimation, smart electric grid design, and electricity policy.
Superconformal Affine Liouville Theory
Creators: name: Toppan, F.
name: Zhang, Y. -Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a superconformally invariant and integrable model based on the twisted affine Kac-Moody superalgebra $\hat{osp(2|2)}^{(2)}$ which is the supersymmetrization of the purely bosonic conformal affine Liouville theory recently proposed by Babelon and Bonora. Our model reduces to the super-Liouville or to the super sinh-Gordon theories under certain limit conditions and can be obtained, via hamiltonian reduction, from a superspace WZNW model with values in the corresponding affine KM supergroup. The reconstruction formulae for classical solutions are given. The classical $r$-matrices in the homogeneous grading and the exchange algebras are worked out.
description: 12 pages, standard Latex file, Bonn Univ. preprint BONN-HE-92-16 (to appear in Phys.Lett.B)
Why the $a_1$ meson might be a difficult messenger for the restoration of chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Vogel, Sascha
name: Bleicher, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a theoretical analysis of the $a_1$ resonance mass spectrum in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions within a hadron/string transport approach. Predictions for the $a_1$ yield and its mass distribution are given for the GSI-FAIR and the critRHIC energy regime. The potential of the $a_1$ meson as a signal for chiral symmetry restoration is explored. In view of the latest discussion, we investigate the decay channel $a_1 \to γπ$ in detail and find a strong bias towards low $a_1$ masses. This apparent mass shift of the $a_1$ if observed in the $γπ$ channel might render a possible mass shift due to chiral symmetry restoration very difficult to disentangle from the decay kinematics.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Singularities in $L^1$-supercritical Fokker--Planck equations: A qualitative analysis
Creators: name: Hopf, Katharina
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fokker--Planck equations for bosons
subject: nonlinear mobility
subject: continuation beyond singularities
subject: singular limit
subject: universal blow-up profile
subject: relaxation to minimising measure
subject: 35Q84
subject: 35K55
subject: 35A21
subject: 35R06
subject: 35B40

description: A class of nonlinear Fokker--Planck equations with superlinear drift is investigated in the L1-supercritical regime, which exhibits a finite critical mass. The equations have a formal Wasserstein-like gradient-flow structure with a convex mobility and a free energy functional whose minimising measure has a singular component if above the critical mass. Singularities and concentrations also arise in the evolutionary problem and their finite-time appearance constitutes a primary technical difficulty. This paper aims at a global-in-time qualitative analysis -- the main focus being on isotropic solutions, in which case the unique minimiser of the free energy will be shown to be the global attractor. A key step in the analysis consists in properly controlling the singularity profiles during the evolution. Our study covers the 3D Kaniadakis--Quarati model for Bose--Einstein particles, and thus provides a first rigorous result on the continuation beyond blow-up and long-time asymptotic behaviour for this model.
Spontaneous helical order of a chiral p-wave superfluid confined in nano-scale channels
Creators: name: Wiman, J. J.
name: Sauls, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong interactions that favor chiral p-wave pairing, combined with strong pair breaking by confining boundaries, are shown to lead to new equilibrium states with different broken symmetries. Based on a strong-coupling Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory that accurately accounts for the thermodynamics and phase diagram of the bulk phases of superfluid $^3$He, we predict new phases of superfluid $^3$He for confined geometries that spontaneously break rotational and translational symmetry in combination with parity and time-reversal symmetry. One of the newly predicted phases exhibits a unique combination of chiral and helical order that is energetically stable in cylindrical channels of radius approaching the Cooper pair coherence length, e.g. $R\sim 100\,\mbox{nm}$. Precise numerical mimimization of the GL free energy yields a broad region of stability of the helical phase as a function of pressure and temperature, in addition to three translationally invariant phases with distinct broken spin- and orbital rotation symmetries. The helical phase is stable at both high and low pressures and favored by boundaries with strong pair-breaking. We present calculations of transverse NMR frequency shifts as functions of rf pulse tipping angle, magnetic field orientation, and temperature as signatures of these broken symmetry phases.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Correct Definition of the Poynting Vector in Electrically and Magnetically Polarizable Medium Reveals that Negative Refraction is Impossible
Creators: name: Markel, Vadim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I compute from first principles the local heating rate $q$ (the amount of electromagnetic energy converted to heat per unit time per unit volume) for electromagnetic waves propagating in magnetically and electrically polarizable media. I find that, in magnetic media, this rate has two separate contributions, $q^{(V)}$ and $q^{(S)}$, the first coming from the volume of the medium and the second from its surface. I argue that the second law of thermodynamics requires that the volume contribution be positive and that this requirement, in turn, prohibits negative refraction. This result holds for active or passive media and in the presence of anisotropy and spatial dispersion.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Significantly expanded and notations changed for improved clarity
Evaluating Biomass Energy Policy in the Face of Emissions Reductions Uncertainty and Feedstock Supply Risk
Creators: name: Mullins, Kimberley A.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: Biofuels have received legislative support recently in California’s Low-Carbon Fuel Standard and the Federal Energy Independence and Security Act. Both discuss new fuel types, but neither provides methodological guidelines for dealing with the inherent uncertainty in evaluating their potential life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions reductions are based on point estimates only. This work develops a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate life-cycle emissions distributions from ethanol and butanol from corn or switchgrass. Life-cycle emissions distributions for each of the modelled feedstock and fuel pairings span an order of magnitude or more. Corn ethanol emissions range from 50 to 200 g CO2e/MJ, and each feedstock-fuel pathway studied shows some probability of greater emissions than a distribution for gasoline. Potential GHG emissions reductions from displacing fossil fuels with biofuels are difficult to forecast given this high degree of uncertainty in life-cycle emissions. Incorporating uncertainty in the decision making process can illuminate the risks of policy failure (e.g., increased emissions), and a calculated risk of failure due to uncertainty can be used to inform more appropriate reduction targets in future biofuel policies. The current practice of modelling cellulosic biomass yields based on point values that have been aggregated over space and over time conceal important energy supply risks related to depending on biomass for transportation energy, particularly those related to local drought conditions. Using switchgrass as a case study, this work quantifies the variability in expected yields over time and space with a switchgrass growth model and historical weather data. Even with stable, productive states, yields vary from 5 to 20 Mg/ha. Yields are likely to be reduced with increased temperatures and weather variability induced by climate change. Thus, variability needs to be a central part of biomass systems modelling so that risks to energy supplies are acknowledged and risk mitigation strategies or contingency plans are considered. Irrigation, a potential risk mitigation strategy, can very often negate the impacts of drought, although system-wide irrigation is an expensive method to stabilize crops (costing $0.10 to $1.90/gallon). Unless many surplus acres of cellulosic crops are planted, there will be insufficient ethanol to meet the EISA targets 10 to 25% of the time under rain-fed conditions. Thinking in terms of yield ranges, not point estimates, is essential in planning a long-term energy system dependent on biomass.
title: ADCO, Cart. 186 (11 H 71), f. 0440r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, t. II (XVe siècle), tome II, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, C
art. 186 (11 H 71). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, t. II (XVe siècle), tome II, Archives départementales de la
 Côte-d'Or, Cart. 186 (11 H 71), f. 0440r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-
project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Higgs Couplings at High Scales
Creators: name: Goncalves, Dorival
name: Han, Tao
name: Mukhopadhyay, Satyanarayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the off-shell production of the Higgs boson at the LHC to probe Higgs physics at higher energy scales utilizing the process $g g \rightarrow h^{*} \rightarrow ZZ$. We focus on the energy scale dependence of the off-shell Higgs propagation, and of the top quark Yukawa coupling, $y_t (Q^2)$. Extending our recent study in arXiv:1710.02149, we first discuss threshold effects in the Higgs propagator due to the existence of new states, such as a gauge singlet scalar portal, and a possible continuum of states in a conformal limit, both of which would be difficult to discover in other traditional searches. We then examine the modification of $y_t (Q^2)$ from its Standard Model (SM) prediction in terms of the renormalization group running of the top Yukawa, which could be significant in the presence of large flat extra-dimensions. Finally, we explore possible strongly coupled new physics in the top-Higgs sector that can lead to the appearance of a non-local $Q^2$-dependent form factor in the effective top-Higgs vertex. We find that considerable deviations compared to the SM prediction in the invariant mass distribution of the $Z$-boson pair can be conceivable, and may be probed at a $2σ$-level at the high-luminosity 14 TeV HL-LHC for a new physics scale up to $\mathcal{O}(1 {~\rm TeV})$, and at the upgraded 27 TeV HE-LHC for a scale up to $\mathcal{O}(3 {~\rm TeV})$. For a few favorable scenarios, $5σ$-level observation may be possible at the HE-LHC for a scale of about $\mathcal{O}(1 {~\rm TeV})$.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; v2: revised Figure-5, version to appear in PRD
Nanoscale spin manipulation with pulsed magnetic gradient fields from a hard disc drive writer
Creators: name: Bodenstedt, Sven
name: Jakobi, Ingmar
name: Michl, Julia
name: Gerhardt, Ilja
name: Neumann, Philipp
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The individual and coherent control of solid-state based electron spins is important covering fields from quantum information processing and quantum metrology to material research and medical imaging. Especially for the control of individual spins in nanoscale networks, the generation of strong, fast and localized magnetic fields is crucial. Highly-engineered devices that demonstrate most of the desired features are found in nanometer size magnetic writers of hard disk drives (HDD). Currently, however, their nanoscale operation, in particular, comes at the cost of excessive magnetic noise. Here, we present HDD writers as a tool for the efficient manipulation of single as well as multiple spins. We show that their tunable gradients of up to 100 μT/nm can be used to spectrally address individual spins on the nanoscale. Their GHz Bandwidth allows to switch control fields within nanoseconds, faster than characteristic timescales such as Rabi and Larmor periods, spin-spin couplings or optical transitions, thus extending the set of feasible spin manipulations. We used the fields to drive spin transitions through non-adiabatic fast passages or enable the optical readout of spin states in strong misaligned fields. Building on these techniques, we further apply the large magnetic field gradients for microwave selective addressing of single spins and show its use for the nanoscale optical colocalization of two emitters.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Inflation, Neutrino Baryogenesis, and (S)Neutrino-Induced Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Campbell, B. A.
name: Davidson, S.
name: Olive, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the constraints that the COBE observations put on baryogenesis in inflationary cosmologies.We consider the supersymmetric version of the proposal of Fukugita and Yanagida, that the baryon asymmetry of the universe is created by nonperturbative electroweak reprocessing of a lepton asymmetry generated in the decay of heavy right-handed see-saw (s)neutrinos. We review our recent proposal of a mechanism for baryogenesis via sphaleron reprocessing of a lepton asymmetry generated by (s)neutrino mass effects on flat direction scalar condensate oscillations. Finally we analyze in detail the implementation of these mechanisms in the recently proposed ansatze for fermion mass matrices in supersymmetric, unified, theories.
description: LATEX file; 32 pages, 3 LATEX figures included; (a fourth non-LATEX figure available on request); Nuclear Physics B (in press); preprint numbers: Alberta Thy-38-92; CfPA 92-035; UMN-TH-1114/92
title: ADCO, Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0475
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0475, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0475, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Farmers' trade-off strategies between investment and private withdrawals, and the profitability of invested capital
Creators: name: Jeanneaux, Philippe
name: Piet, Laurent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: farm
subject: capitalization
subject: investment
subject: internal rate of return
subject: professional assets

description: Farmers capitalize a significant share of their cash flow in their farm’s professional assets. Indeed, the wealth generated on a farm can be allocated either to the immediate remuneration of the non-salaried workers or to the financing of investments, which can be considered as a deferred remuneration to be realized in the future. Based on the analysis of their annual cash flows and assets on their balance sheets, we document how this trade-off is implemented by a FADN sample of 1,374 French commercial farms over the period 2002-2018. It appears that the estimated internal rates of return of the investments are positive in most cases, with an average of 1.7%. We further identify five strategies based on the respective shares of the operating cash flow dedicated to either investments or private withdrawals.
SmB$_6$: Topological insulator or semiconductor with valence-fluctuation induced hopping transport?
Creators: name: Batko, I.
name: Batkova, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We advert to the fact that presence of valence fluctuations (VFs) in semiconductors with in-gap impurity bands unconditionally leads to dynamical changes (fluctuations) of energies of localized impurity states. We provide arguments that in the impurity subnetwork consisting of centers having energy levels fluctuating around the Fermi energy there exist favorable conditions for hops from occupied states to empty states of less energy. Consequently, we propose original valence-fluctuation induced hopping mechanism as a new possibility to explain unusual metallic-like conduction of SmB$_6$ and other Kondo insulators experimentally observed at lowest temperatures. Interestingly, the proposed mechanism infers enhanced metallic-like surface conductivity of SmB$_6$, what resembles a characteristic property of topological insulator, and is in agreement with experimental observations attempting to prove the existence of topologically protected surface state in SmB$_6$.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, accepted to Solid State Communications
Pseudoclassical Model of Spinning Particle with Anomalous Magnetic Momentum
Creators: name: Gitman, D. M.
name: Saa, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of the pseudoclassical action of a spinning particle in the presence of an anomalous magnetic momentum is given. The action is written in reparametrization and supergauge invariant form. The Dirac quantization, based on the Hamiltonian analyses of the model, leads to the Dirac-Pauli equation for a particle with an anomalous magnetic momentum in an external electromagnetic field. Due to the structure of first-class constraints in that case, the Dirac quantization demands for consistency to take into account an operators ordering problem.
description: 9 pages, IFUSP/P-1002
A matrix model for the latitude Wilson loop in ABJM theory
Creators: name: Bianchi, Marco S.
name: Griguolo, Luca
name: Mauri, Andrea
name: Penati, Silvia
name: Seminara, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In ABJ(M) theory, we propose a matrix model for the exact evaluation of BPS Wilson loops on a latitude circular contour, so providing a new weak-strong interpolation tool. Intriguingly, the matrix model turns out to be a particular case of that computing torus knot invariants in $U(N_1|N_2)$ Chern-Simons theory. At weak coupling we check our proposal against a three-loop computation, performed for generic framing, winding number and representation. The matrix model is amenable of a Fermi gas formulation, which we use to systematically compute the strong coupling and genus expansions. For the fermionic Wilson loop the leading planar behavior agrees with a previous string theory prediction. For the bosonic operator our result provides a clue for finding the corresponding string dual configuration. Our matrix model is consistent with recent proposals for computing Bremsstrahlung functions exactly in terms of latitude Wilson loops. As a by-product, we extend the conjecture for the exact $B^θ_{1/6}$ Bremsstrahlung function to generic representations and test it with a four-loop perturbative computation. Finally, we propose an exact prediction for $B_{1/2}$ at unequal gauge group ranks.
description: 73 pages; v2: several improvements, JHEP published version
Essays on the Provision and Funding of Public Goods
Creators: name: Cestau, Dario
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The first essay studies how political parties’ choice of public good provision and tax funding affect the risk of default to public debt investors. Past research has largely ignored the effects that political parties have on default risk of state governments. The objective of this paper is to address this policy question using data from Credit Default Swap contracts (CDS), and poll data from state gubernatorial elections. The findings of the paper suggest that state Republican governors have a significant positive effect on CDS spreads. On average, Republican governors reduce credit spreads by around six percent, more than half of CDS standard deviation during election race. Prospects of a Republican administration are good news for debtholders. The positive effect of Republican candidates is larger when: candidates signed the ``Taxpayer Protection Pledge'', Democrats control the state houses and for highly contested gubernatorial elections. The second essay studies profiling and affirmative action in the access to gifted programs, a common public good provided by school districts. For decades, colleges and universities have struggled to increase participation of minority and disadvantaged students. Urban school districts confront a parallel challenge; minority and disadvantaged students are underrepresented in selective programs that use merit-based admission. We analyze optimal school district policy and develop an econometric framework providing a unified treatment of affirmative action and profiling. Implementing the model for a central-city district, we find profiling by race and income, affirmative action for low-income students, and no affirmative action with respect race. Counterfactual analysis reveals that these policies achieve 80\% of African American enrollment that would be could be attained by race-based affirmative action. The third essay studies a new alternative mean of funding for States and local authorities called Build America Bonds (BAB). BABs were issued by municipalities for twenty months as part of the 2009 fiscal package. Unlike traditional tax-exempt municipals, BABs are taxable to the holder, but the Treasury rebates 35% of the coupon to the issuer. The stated purpose was to provide municipalities access to a more liquid market including foreign, tax-exempt, and tax-deferred investors. We find BABs do not exhibit greater liquidity than traditional municipals. BABs are more underpriced initially, particularly for interdealer trades. BABs also show a substitution from underwriter fees toward more underpricing, suggesting the underpricing is a strategic response to the tax subsidy.
Environmental and genetic contribution to the risk of T2D in the United Arab Emirates
Creators: name: Alkaf, Budour
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has emerged as a major healthcare problem at a global level. Populations in the Arabian Peninsula, including Arab-Emiratis, are repeatedly reported to have some of the highest rates of T2D. I aimed to investigate the contribution of lifestyle and genetic risk factors to this increased burden, that is yet to be determined. Methods I analysed publicly-available worldwide estimates to assess the contribution of obesity and physical inactivity towards differences in overall diabetes rates across populations. I investigated two Arab-Emirati sample populations to examine the contribution of adiposity and physical inactivity towards T2D risk, as compared to individuals of Caucasian, South Asian and Afro-Caribbean descent from the UK Biobank study. I performed a genome-wide association study in 1,200 Arab-Emiratis to identify known and novel genetic factors underlying T2D in the population. Results Populations experiencing similar environmental shifts are differentially subject to T2D risk. Arab-Emiratis have a 13-fold excess risk of T2D compared to Europeans, independent of BMI. There is a stronger association of central adiposity towards T2D risk in Arab-Emiratis compared to other ethnic groups. Sedentary time explains a bigger proportion of T2D risk compared to overall physical inactivity in Arab-Emiratis. I identified 40 novel loci in association with T2D (P-value < 5x10-6), with one loci reaching genome-wide significance mapping to MALRD1 (P-value = 1.6x10-8). Overall, results showed that previously reported T2D risk loci cannot fully account for the increased risk in Arab-Emiratis. Conclusions Increased T2D risk in Arab-Emiratis could be more attributable to central adiposity rather than BMI. Findings highlighted the negative impact of physical inactivity on insulin resistance and central adiposity in Arab-Emiratis, but its contribution towards their increased T2D risk is limited. Lastly, I identified 40 novel loci for T2D that potentially provide further insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying T2D in Arab-Emiratis.
Static Rouse Modes and Related Quantities: Corrections to Chain Ideality in Polymer Melts
Creators: name: Meyer, H.
name: Wittmer, J. P.
name: Kreer, T.
name: Beckrich, P.
name: Johner, A.
name: Farago, J.
name: Baschnagel, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the Flory ideality hypothesis intrachain and interchain excluded volume interactions are supposed to compensate each other in dense polymer systems. Multi-chain effects should thus be neglected and polymer conformations may be understood from simple phantom chain models. Here we provide evidence against this phantom chain, mean-field picture. We analyze numerically and theoretically the static correlation function of the Rouse modes. Our numerical results are obtained from computer simulations of two coarse-grained polymer models for which the strength of the monomer repulsion can be varied, from full excluded volume (`hard monomers') to no excluded volume (`phantom chains'). For nonvanishing excluded volume we find the simulated correlation function of the Rouse modes to deviate markedly from the predictions of phantom chain models. This demonstrates that there are nonnegligible correlations along the chains in a melt. These correlations can be taken into account by perturbation theory. Our simulation results are in good agreement with these new theoretical predictions.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in EPJE
Radiative Corrections to the Neutral Higgs Spectrum in Supersymmetry with a Gauge Singlet
Creators: name: Ellwanger, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiative corrections to the $3\times3$scalar and the $2\times2$ pseudoscalar neutral Higgs boson massmatrices are calculated in the supersymmetric extension of the standard model including a gauge singlet superfield in the effective potential approach. The full $t$ and $b$ quark/squark contributions including the nonlogarithmic terms are taken into account, which are seen to affect the result significantly. An analytic formula for the upper bound on the mass of the lightest neutral Higgs scalar including these corrections is given. (Figure available upon request)
description: 8 pages, preprint HD-THEP-93-4
Consequences of Giant Impacts on Early Uranus for Rotation, Internal Structure, Debris, and Atmospheric Erosion
Creators: name: Kegerreis, J. A.
name: Teodoro, L. F. A.
name: Eke, V. R.
name: Massey, R. J.
name: Catling, D. C.
name: Fryer, C. L.
name: Korycansky, D. G.
name: Warren, M. S.
name: Zahnle, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a suite of smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to investigate in detail the results of a giant impact on the young Uranus. We study the internal structure, rotation rate, and atmospheric retention of the post-impact planet, as well as the composition of material ejected into orbit. Most of the material from the impactor's rocky core falls in to the core of the target. However, for higher angular momentum impacts, significant amounts become embedded anisotropically as lumps in the ice layer. Furthermore, most of the impactor's ice and energy is deposited in a hot, high-entropy shell at a radius of ~3 Earth radii. This could explain Uranus' observed lack of heat flow from the interior and be relevant for understanding its asymmetric magnetic field. We verify the results from the single previous study of lower resolution simulations that an impactor with a mass of at least 2 Earth masses can produce sufficiently rapid rotation in the post-impact Uranus for a range of angular momenta. At least 90% of the atmosphere remains bound to the final planet after the collision, but over half can be ejected beyond the Roche radius by a 2 or 3 Earth mass impactor. This atmospheric erosion peaks for intermediate impactor angular momenta (~3*10^36 kg m^2 s^-1). Rock is more efficiently placed into orbit and made available for satellite formation by 2 Earth mass impactors than 3 Earth mass ones, because it requires tidal disruption that is suppressed by the more massive impactors.
description: Published in ApJ. 14 pages, 11 figures
Self-consistent simulation of quantum wires defined by local oxidation of Ga[Al]As heterostructures
Creators: name: May, C.
name: Troyer, M.
name: Ensslin, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the electronic width of quantum wires as a function of their lithographic width in analogy to experiments performed on nanostructures defined by local oxidation of Ga[Al]As heterostructures. Two--dimensional simulations of two parallel oxide lines on top of a Ga[Al]As heterostructure defining a quantum wire are carried out in the framework of Density Functional Theory in the Local Density Approximation and are found to be in agreement with measurements. Quantitative assessment of the influence of various experimental uncertainties is given. The most influential parameter turns out to be the oxide line depth, followed by its exact shape and the effect of background doping (in decreasing order).
description: 5 pages, 6 figures; revised figures, clarified text
title: Προσδιορισμός του λόγου συμπίεσης αποβλίττου με χρήση κάμερας υψηλής ταχύτητας
title: Determination of chip compression ratio using a high speed camera
Creators: name: Μωραϊτη Μαρια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2013

description: Στην εργασία αυτή θα πραγματοποιηθούν πειράματα ορθογωνικής κοπής σε κατεργαζόμενα υλικά, στο πενταξονικό κέντρο κατεργασίας DMU 50 του εργαστηρίου. Όλη η διαδικασία θα καταγράφεται από κάμερα υψηλής ταχύτητας (MotionBLITZ High-Speed Camera) με σκοπό τη μέτρηση του λόγου συμπίεσης του αποβλίττου. Ο λόγος αυτός μπορεί να υπολογισθεί πειραματικά με μεγάλη ακρίβεια μέσα από πολυάριθμες μετρήσεις διαφορετικών συνθηκών κοπής, γεγονός που αποτελεί το σκοπό της παρούσας εργασίας. Τα τελικά αποτελέσματα θα βοηθήσουν στη μελέτη των δυναμικών καταπονήσεων του κοπτικού εργαλείου.
Interactive Modeling Techniques for Digital Twin Representation of Trees
Creators: name: Li, Bosheng
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 460702
subject: Computer graphics
classificationCode: 460705
subject: Procedural content generation

description: Trees are among the most complex and visually captivating natural forms, playing a critical role in applications ranging from digital content creation and urban planning to ecosystem simulation and digital forestry. In this thesis, we present a unified framework for 3D tree modeling that integrates interactive procedural approaches, a novel volumetric representation, and the physics-based simulation.Our approach extends traditional tree modeling by incorporating both above-ground branching structures and the often-overlooked root systems, capturing their coordinated development through a biologically inspired process. We introduced long-distance signaling process to emulate the natural exchange of resources between the shoot and root systems. By simulating the transport of growth regulators and nutrients, this mechanism establishes a dynamic feedback loop where environmental changes such as variations in light or mechanical stress affect both shoot and root system of the entire tree.Another key innovation of our work is the strand-based representation, which models each branch segment as bundles of fixed-size volumetric cylindrical splines. This representation enables us to capture the secondary growth including twisting, bending, and the formation of complex branch bifurcations, offering a more detailed and realistic depiction of tree morphology than conventional skeletal graphs. Coupling with the volumetric model, we developed an interactive modeling system equipped with intuitive editing tools that empower users to directly intervene in the tree development process. This approach not only ensures that the resulting trees reflect natural diversity and maintain biological plausibility, but also makes the process highly customizable and controllable.Furthermore, by integrating Cosserat rod physics, our framework simulates the dynamic mechanical behavior of trees under natural forces. This physical simulation captures branch deformations, fractures, and structural damage, delivering animation-ready models that respond realistically to environmental stimuli. Overall, our framework advances the state-of-the-art in digital tree modeling, providing a comprehensive tool chain for generating, editing, and simulating realistic trees for a wide range of applications.
Tractor-operated fertilizer applicator for wheat crop on bed cultivation
Creators: name: Anurag Patel1* Bhupendra Singh Parmar1 and Satish Kumar Singh1
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The fertilizer applicator was developed and performance evaluated for wheat crop planted on bed cultivation system. Design and development of tractor operated different depth fertilizer applicator was completed using CAD together with design of frame, fertilizer metering system, tine, furrow opener and ground wheel as power transmission system of machine. Study included suitable measurement techniques for recording various field performance parameters related to evaluation of developed machine. The properties of fertilizer (granular urea) used in the experiment were determined for efficient metering the application rate of fertilizer. The developed machine was calibrated in the laboratory for different rate of fertilizer application and determination of coefficient of variation. The field tests of machine were conducted on the wheat crop planted on bed in 5 rows. Fertilizer is very costly and there precision application is required to sustain the health of soil and increased the use efficiency by crops. For maximum efficiency of applied fertilizer, it is essential to deliver nutrients to the root zone of plants at a rate which is sufficient for maximum uptake while avoiding fixation with clay particles. The attention should, therefore, be given towards addition of fertilizers in subsoil to increase its nutritive status. In situations where deep loosening is required, the incorporation of fertilizer had been found to be beneficial (Godwin and Spoor, 1981) as compare to spreading of nitrogenous fertilizer in the field, that loss about 30% N to the atmosphere.
Major and Minor Flares on Cygnus X-3 Revisited
Creators: name: Spencer, Ralph E.
name: Garrett, Michael
name: Bray, Justin D.
name: Green, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intense flares at cm-wavelengths reaching levels of tens of Jy have been observed from Cygnus X-3 for many years. This active high mass X-ray binary also has periods of quenching before major outbursts, and has minor flares at levels of a few hundred mJy. In this paper we show that the minor flares have much shorter rise times and durations suggesting more rapid expansion of the synchrotron radiation emitting material than in the strong flares. They also appear closer to the binary, whereas the large flares form a more developed jet. Calculations of physical conditions show that the minor out-bursts have lower minimum power but have larger magnetic fields and energy densities than the major flares. Minor flares can occur while a major flare is in progress, suggesting an indirect coupling between them. The spectral evolution of the minor flares can be explained by either an expanding synchrotron source or a shock model. The possibility that there is a brightening zone as in SS433 is explored.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Higher Order Corrections to Jet Cross Sections in Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Giele, Walter T.
name: Glover, E. W. Nigel
name: Kosower, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a general method of calculating the fully differential cross section for the production of jets at next-to-leading order in a hadron collider. This method is based on a `crossing' of next-to-leading order calculations with all partons in the final state. The method introduces universal crossing functions that allow a modular approach to next-to-leading order calculations for any process with initial state partons. These techniques are applied to the production of jets in association with a vector boson including all decay correlations of the final state observables.
description: 36 pages (LaTeX/RevTeX) & 13 figures available by anonymous ftp from fnth06.fnal.gov (as pub/submissions/92.230figs/hocfigures.uu; the entire paper is also available in pub/Fermilab-Pub/92.230/dy_theory.ps.Z), FERMILAB-Pub-92/230-T, DTP/92/64, CERN-TH.6750/92
Challenges of cross–sectoral collaboration of social enterprises in the Baltic states
Creators: name: Urmanaviciene, Audrone
name: Chantzi, Katerina
name: Tambari, Beverly
Publisher: name: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy
Year: 2021

description: Social enterprises are a new phenomenon in the Baltic States. In order to create a substantial social impact in society and scale their business for a growing sector of social enterprises in Baltic states it is important to create partnerships and collaborate with different sectors ‘organizations: NGO, private, and public. By forming partnerships with different participants, social enterprises can contribute to a more effective solution to social problems. The aim of this article is to identify the main factors for social enterprises to create successful collaboration and partnerships with NGO, private, and public sectors. The methods of research are an analysis of scientific literature, multiple case study analysis, content analysis. The study also analyzed the main obstacles for social enterprises to collaborate with different sectors ‘organizations. The study results of the study disclosed how to improve partnerships development with NGOs, private, and public sectors. Following the theoretical and empirical research, the article suggests possible means of improving and developing partnerships.
description: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, V. 2 N. 2 (2021)
Remarks Concerning Polyakov's Conjecture for the 3D Ising Model and the Hierarchical Approximation
Creators: name: Meurice, Yannick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility of using the hierarchical approximation to understand the continuum limit of a reformulation of the 3D Ising model initiated by Polyakov. We introduce several new formulations of the hierarchical model using dual or fermionic variables. We discuss several aspects of the renormalization group transformation in terms of these new variables. We mention a reformulation of the model closely related to string models proposed by Zabrodin.
description: 7 pp., UIOWA-91-27
Rigidity of $\ell^p$ Roe-type algebras
Creators: name: Chung, Yeong Chyuan
name: Li, Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L85, 51K05, 46H15, 46H20

description: We investigate the rigidity of the $\ell^p$ analog of Roe-type algebras. In particular, we show that if $p\in[1,\infty)\setminus\{2\}$, then an isometric isomorphism between the $\ell^p$ uniform Roe algebras of two metric spaces with bounded geometry yields a bijective coarse equivalence between the underlying metric spaces, while a stable isometric isomorphism yields a coarse equivalence. We also obtain similar results for other $\ell^p$ Roe-type algebras. In this paper, we do not assume that the metric spaces have Yu's property A or finite decomposition complexity.
description: Final version, 19 pages. To appear in Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society. Corrected minor typos, and updated bibliography