Calendula officinalis Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Simão, Inês
name: Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo
name: Talhinhas, Pedro
name: Morais-Cecílio, Leonor
name: Silveira, Paulo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Calendula
Calendula officinalis

description: 2. Calendula officinalis Linnaeus (1753: 921); Hansen & Sunding (1985: 20); Acebes-Genovés et al. (2001: 104; 2004: 131; 2010: 158); Beierkuhnlein et al. (2021: 21). Lectotype (designated by Alavi (1983: 195)):—EUROPE. ‘In Europae arvis’, Löfling s.n. (LINN! 1035.4).
Description:—Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes woody at the base. Stems (25) 33–41 (50) cm long, occasionally longer, erect, branched at the base, covered with glandular and non-glandular hairs. Basal leaves usually (6.5) 8.8–10.6 (13.5) × (1.9) 2.3–2.7 (4.7) cm, (0.1) 0.2–0.3 (0.4) mm thick, oblanceolate to spatulate, with a ± long petiole, acute or obtuse, margins sub-entire to repand, higher leaves usually smaller, oblanceolate to lanceolate, sessile and auriculate, possessing both glandular and non-glandular hairs.
Capitula concolorous or discolorous, with (4) 4.6–5.7 (6.7) cm diameter, solitary. Involucre (9) 9.45–12.2 (14.3) mm, composed of one to two rows of bracts, linear-lanceolate, acute, green with a hyaline margin, glandular pubescent. Ray florets 30–45, (18.2) 20.8–25.2 (29.4) × (4.6) 5.5–6.4 (7.2) mm, arranged in one row, yellow or orange and tri-lobed. Disc florets over 50, (3.8) 4–4.4 (4.7) × (1.4) 1.5–1.9 (2) mm, five-lobed, yellow, orange, or purple. Anthers 1.9–2.4 mm long, styles 3.2–4.3 mm, bifid.
Outer achenes rostrate (7.7) 11.8–13.2 (13.7) × (2.3) 2.6–3 (3.9) mm, most of the times only slightly curved with a long rostrum, sometimes with an 90º angle, small dorsal spines, and one to two ventral teeth, one at the apex and one at the base, many times both; middle achenes cymbiform (7.7) 8.1–9.3 (10) × (5.8) 6.7–8.1 (8.9) mm, slightly curved with a developed ventral wing, one or two ventral teeth; inner achenes vermiform-alate (4.9) 5.4–6.7 (7) × (1.8) 3.1–4.3 (4.7) mm, circular to hook-shaped, sometimes falcate, with two lateral wings and ventral teeth; vermiform-exalate (4.2) 4.6–5.4 (6.1) × (1.8) 1.9–2.1 (2.4) mm.
Habitat and Distribution:—Cultivated as an ornamental plant, sometimes escaping into ruderal grounds. Present in all major islands.
Elevation:— 350–1500 m.
Illustrations:— Figures 7, 10E and 11D.
Chromosome number:— 2n =32.
Genome size:—3.2 pg ± 0.06.
Calendula officinalis L.
SPAIN. Canary Islands
Gran Canaria: Valleseco. Sobre Mesas de Galaz (28°00’54” N, 15°35’25” W), 1587m, 10-4-2022, Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 6.1 In Silveira, P. 3423.1 (AVE, ORT).
Tenerife: Near Puerto de Erjos (28°19’41” N, 16°48’12” W), 1007m, 1-4-2022, Silveira, P. Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3409 (AVE, ORT).
Calendula officinalis L.
SPAIN. Canary Islands
Fuerteventura: (28°20’ N, 14°00’ W), 10m, 25-2-2011, Peterson, T. s.n. (S); 27-2-2011, Peterson, T. s.n. (S); 28-2- 2011, Peterson, T. s.n. (S); 1-3-2011, Peterson, T. s.n. (S).
Gran Canaria: Valleseco. Sobre Mesas de Galaz (28°00’54” N, 15°35’25” W), 1587m, 10-4-2022, Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 6.1/.2 In Silveira, P. 3423.1/.2 (AVE, ORT).
Lanzarote: Femés (28°54’45” N, 13°46’47” W), 371m, 29-3-2022, Silveira, P. Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3388 (AVE, ORT).
Tenerife: Near Puerto de Erjos (28°19’41” N, 16°48’12” W), 1007m, 1-4-2022, Silveira, P. Simão, I. & Reyes-Betancort, J. A. 3409 (AVE, ORT).
La Gomera: (28°06’ N, 17°08’ W),?-5-47, Marcos 1519 (BCN).
description: Published as part of Simão, Inês, Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo, Talhinhas, Pedro, Morais-Cecílio, Leonor & Silveira, Paulo, 2024, Taxonomic revision of the genus Calendula (Asteraceae) in the Canary Islands, pp. 125-160 in Phytotaxa 640 (2) on pages 140-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.640.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/13213550