cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Osorius propinquus BERNHAUER
Creators: name: Irmler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Osorius
Osorius propinquus

description: Osorius propinquus BERNHAUER,, 1920: 138 (Figs 34 a-c)
 Type material examined:
 Brazil: Espirito Santo, 1 male (holotype, FMNH).
 Diagnosis:
 The species resembles O. sahlbergi, O. nitens, O. puncticeps, and O. confusus in size and punctation. Microsculpture in O. propinquuspropinquus is much weaker than in O. sahlbergi, and surface is, thus, much shinier. Furthermore, the aedeagus of O. propinquuspropinquus ends in an obtuse hook-like apex, whereas aedeagus of O. sahlbergi is flattened at apex. It is most similar to O. nitens in the shape of the pronotum. In O. confususconfusus and O. puncticeps, the pronotum is more narrowed from anterior angles to posterior angles than in O. propinquus. It can be distinguished from O. nitens by the sparser and finer punctation of the pronotum.
 Description:
 Length: 10.5 mm. Colour: black.
 Head:: 1.7 mm long, 2.3 mm wide; punctation deep and sparse; distance between punctures on average as wide as or distinctly wider than diameter of punctures; isodiametric microsculpture weak; surface shiny; disc at base of antennae impunctate and without microsculpture; surface polished; a transversal, oval space on posterior disc impunctate, but with weak microsculpture; clypeus with scarcely acute tooth-like lateral angles and central front emargination; labrum two times wider than long, not projecting front emargination; eyes 1/3 as long as temples; with few short postocular striae and several supraocular granular punctures and at least two supraocular setae.
 AntennaeAntennae with 2 nd antennomere more or less circular; conical 3 rd antennomere slightly longer than 2 nd; antennomeres 4 to 6 scarcely longer than wide; subsequent antennomeres quadrate.
 Pronotum: 1.9 mm long, 2.4 mm wide; widest at tooth-like anterior angles; more or less continuously narrowed to posterior angles; lateral margin at anterior angles narrow; slightly wider at posterior edge; posterior edge margined; with sparse and moderately fine punctation; punctation on average finer and sparser than on head; distance between punctures on average two times wider than diameter of punctures; with very fine and sparse micro-punctation between normal punctures; isodiametric microsculpture weak; surface slightly shiny; with central indistinct longitudinal depression.
 Elytra: 2.5 mm long, 2.4 mm wide; with deep and moderately dense punctation and weak coriaceous ground sculpture.
 Aedeagus pear-shaped with short apical part ending in an obtuse slightly back-curved apex.
description: Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2010, The Neotropical species of the genus Osorius G - M, 1829 with remarks to the Neotropical Osoriid complex (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae), pp. 363-426 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 60 (2) on pages 397-398, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.60.2.363-426, http://zenodo.org/record/5212736
Nondestructive classification of quantum states using an algorithmic quantum computer
Creators: name: Babukhin, D. V.
name: Zhukov, A. A.
name: Pogosov, W. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods of processing quantum data become more important as quantum computing devices improve their quality towards fault tolerant universal quantum computers. These methods include discrimination and filtering of quantum states given as an input to the device that may find numerous applications in quantum information technologies. In the present paper, we address a scheme of a classification of input states, which is nondestructive and deterministic for certain inputs, while probabilistic, in general case. This can be achieved by incorporating phase estimation algorithm into the hybrid quantum-classical computation scheme, where quantum block is trained classically. We perform proof-of-principle implementation of this idea using superconducting quantum processor of IBM Quantum Experience. Another aspect we are interested in is a mitigation of errors occurring due to the quantum device imperfections. We apply a series of heuristic tricks at the stage of classical postprocessing in order to improve raw experimental data and to recognize patterns in them. These ideas may find applications in other realization of hybrid quantum-classical computations with noisy quantum machines.
description: 18 pages
MOESM1 of Baseline circulating stem-like cells predict survival in patients with metastatic breast Cancer
Creators: name: Lee, Chun-Hui
name: Hsieh, Jason
name: Wu, Tyler
name: Ting-Shiuan Yeh
name: Hung-Ming Wang
name: Yung-Chan Lin
name: Jen-Shi Chen
name: Lee, Chia-Lin
name: Wen-Kuan Huang
name: Tsung-Min Hung
name: Tzu-Tsen Yen
name: Sheng-Chieh Chan
name: Chou, Wen-Chi
name: Feng-Che Kuan
name: Ching-Chih Hu
name: Pei-Hung Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 1. Correlations among baseline patient characteristics and baseline cCSC ratio. Abbreviations: cCSCs: circulating cancer stem cells; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; HR, hormone receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; PFS: progression-free survival; OS: overall survival. â€ Visceral sites include the lungs, liver, brain, adrenal glands, and pleura (with or without effusion). Nonvisceral sites were defined as the breast, lymph nodes, chest wall, bones, and skin.
Additional file 3 of Identifying yield-related genes in maize based on ear trait plasticity
Creators: name: Liu, Minguo
name: Zhang, Shuaisong
name: Li, Wei
name: Zhao, Xiaoming
name: Wang, Xi-Qing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Review history.
Decision Making Among Heterogeneous Members: A Study on Economic Efficiency under the Centralized Structure of Chinese Farmer Professional Cooperatives
Creators: name: Ma, Meilin
name: Zhu, Heng
name: Ma, Meilin
name: Zhu, Heng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Chinese Farmer Professional Cooperatives
subject: Economic efficiency
subject: Centralized decision power
subject: Member heterogeneity

description: Farmer cooperatives are playing an increasingly crucial role in the current reform of the agricultural sector in China. Two features of these organizations have stood out amidst the undergoing, rapid development. One is the highly concentrated decision-making structure, while the other being the high level of member heterogeneity in terms of production capacity and ownership portion. Current literature has few quantitative models for analyzing the effects of governance centralization and member heterogeneity on cooperative economic efficiency. This article focuses on evaluating the efficiency of decisions made under different voting structures when members are highly heterogeneous. We use a net income model for a two-stage investment decision. We find that members with a larger ownership in a Chinese cooperative tend to have better aligned interest with the organization and can make more efficient decisions relative to those with less ownership. When heterogeneity among members is high, a more centralized decision making structure can lead to higher economic efficiency. Additionally, because the optimal level of centralization is determined by the redistribution policy of cooperative profits and properties of member heterogeneity, different cooperatives would accordingly have different optimal degrees of centralization.
Compton-thick active galactic nuclei from the 7 Ms observation in the Chandra Deep Field South
Creators: name: Corral, A.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Akylas, A.
name: Ranalli, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the X-ray spectroscopic study of the Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGN) population within the $\textit{Chandra}$ Deep Field South (CDF-S) by using the deepest X-ray observation to date, the $\textit{Chandra}$ 7 Ms observation of the CDF-S. We combined an opimized version of our automated selection technique and a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chains (MCMC) spectral fitting procedure, to develop a method to pinpoint and then characterize candidate CT AGN as less model dependent and/or data-quality dependent as possible. To obtain reliable automated spectral fits, we only considered the sources detected in the hard (2-8 keV) band from the CDF-S 2 Ms catalog with either spectroscopic or photometric redshifts available for 259 sources. Instead of using our spectral analysis to decide if an AGN is CT, we derived the posterior probability for the column density, and then we used it to assign a probability of a source being CT. We also tested how the model-dependence of the spectral analysis, and the spectral data quality, could affect our results by using simulations. We finally derived the number density of CT AGN by taking into account the probabilities of our sources being CT and the results from the simulations. Our results are in agreement with X-ray background synthesis models, which postulate a moderate fraction (25%) of CT objects among the obscured AGN population.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Isostaticity in two dimensional pile of rigid disks
Creators: name: Kasahara, Akihiro
name: Nakanishi, Hiizu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the static structure of piles made of polydisperse disks in the rigid limit with and without friction using molecular dynamic simulations for various elasticities of the disks and pile preparation procedures. The coordination numbers are calculated to examine the isostaticity of the pile structure. For the frictionless pile, it is demonstrated that the coordination number converges to 4 in the rigid limit, which implies that the structure of rigid disk pile is isostatic. On the other hand, for the frictional case with the infinite friction constant, the coordination number depends on the preparation procedure of the pile, but we find that the structure becomes very close to isostatic with the coordination number close to 3 in the rigid limit when the pile is formed through the process that tends to make a pile of random configuration.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
title: 01_0289
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
The Many Faces of Gravitoelectromagnetism
Creators: name: Jantzen, Robert T.
name: Carini, Paolo
name: Bini, Donato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The numerous ways of introducing spatial gravitational forces are fit together in a single framework enabling their interrelationships to be clarified. This framework is then used to treat the ``acceleration equals force" equation and gyroscope precession, both of which are then discussed in the post-Newtonian approximation, followed by a brief examination of the Einstein equations themselves in that approximation.
description: 51 pages in latex2e article style with pictex figures, typos of published version listed and corrected
Estimating differential entropy using recursive copula splitting
Creators: name: Ariel, Gil
name: Louzoun, Yoram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A method for estimating the Shannon differential entropy of multidimensional random variables using independent samples is described. The method is based on decomposing the distribution into a product of the marginal distributions and the joint dependency, also known as the copula. The entropy of marginals is estimated using one-dimensional methods. The entropy of the copula, which always has a compact support, is estimated recursively by splitting the data along statistically dependent dimensions. Numerical examples demonstrate that the method is accurate for distributions with compact and non-compact supports, which is imperative when the support is not known or of mixed type (in different dimensions). At high dimensions (larger than 20), our method is not only more accurate, but also significantly more efficient than existing approaches.
Celestial mechanics in Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Schmidt, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical parameters conventionally used to specify the orbit of a test particle in Kerr spacetime are the energy $E$, the axial component of the angular momentum, $L_{z}$, and Carter's constant $Q$. These parameters are obtained by solving the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for the dynamical problem of geodesic motion. Employing the action-angle variable formalism, on the other hand, yields a different set of constants of motion, namely, the fundamental frequencies $ω_{r}$, $ω_θ$ and $ω_ϕ$ associated with the radial, polar and azimuthal components of orbital motion. These frequencies, naturally, determine the time scales of orbital motion and, furthermore, the instantaneous gravitational wave spectrum in the adiabatic approximation. In this article, it is shown that the fundamental frequencies are geometric invariants and explicit formulas in terms of quadratures are derived. The numerical evaluation of these formulas in the case of a rapidly rotating black hole illustrates the behaviour of the fundamental frequencies as orbital parameters such as the semi-latus rectum $p$, the eccentricity $e$ or the inclination parameter $θ_{-}$ are varied. The limiting cases of circular, equatorial and Keplerian motion are investigated as well and it is shown that known results are recovered from the general formulas.
description: 25 pages (LaTeX), 5 figures, submitted to Class. Quantum Grav
Entanglement and four wave mixing effects in the dissipation free nonlinear interaction of two photons at a single atom
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
name: Kojima, Kunihiro
name: Takeuchi, Shigeki
name: Sasaki, Keiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nonlinear interaction between two photons in a single input pulse at an atomic two level nonlinearity. A one dimensional model for the propagation of light to and from the atom is used to describe the precise spatiotemporal coherence of the two photon state. It is shown that the interaction generates spatiotemporal entanglement in the output state similar to the entanglement observed in parametric downconversion. A method of generating photon pairs from coherent pump light using this quantum mechanical four wave mixing process is proposed.
description: 10 pages, including 3 figures, correction in eq.(7), updated references, final version for publication in PRA
Additional file 1 of High leukocyte mitochondrial DNA copy number contributes to poor prognosis in breast cancer patients
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenzhe
name: Lin, Songping
name: Zeng, Bangwei
name: Chen, Xiaobin
name: Chen, Lili
name: Chen, Minyan
name: Guo, Wenhui
name: Lin, Yuxiang
name: Yu, Liuwen
name: Hou, Jialin
name: Li, Yan
name: Li, Shengmei
name: Jin, Xuan
name: Cai, Weifeng
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Nie, Qian
name: Chen, Hanxi
name: Li, Jing
name: He, Peng
name: Cai, Qindong
name: Qiu, Yibin
name: Wang, Chuan
name: Fu, Fangmeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Osorius sinuatocollis BERNHAUER
Creators: name: Irmler, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Osorius
Osorius sinuatocollis

description: Osorius sinuatocollis BERNHAUER,, 1920: 139 (Figs 19 a-b)
 Type material examined:
 Brazil: A female without further data (holotype, FMNH).
 Diagnosis:
The species is easy to distinguish, because of the characteristic shape of the pronotum with the deep emargination in front of the posterior angles. Unfortunately, only the female type specimen could be studied.
 Description:
 Length: 10.5 mm. Colour: black.
 Head:: 1.5 mm long, 2.2 mm wide; punctation moderately dense and deep; on clypeus with very few indistinct punctures; partly with dense and coriaceous punctation on disc; a small circular depressions on central disc and at antennal base impunctate; punctate space with isodiametric microsculpture; surface slightly shiny; clypeus with obtusely prominent angles; labrum relatively long; labrum distinctly projecting clypeal emargination; eyes slightly shorter than temples; with supraocular and postocular striae and granular punctures; striae behind eyes pointing ventrad; with several supraocular setae.
 AntennaeAntennae elongate with 3 rd antennomere conical and nearly two times longer than 2 nd; antennomeres 4 to 6 longer than wide; subsequent antennomeres quadrate.
 Pronotum: 2.0 mm long, 2.4 mm wide; widest at tooth-like prominent front angles; continuously, but only slightly narrowed behind front angles; in posterior third distinctly emarginate; posterior angles nearly rectangular; lateral margin at front angles narrow; distinctly wider at posterior angles; posterior edge margined; punctation moderately dense and deep; distance between punctures on average as wide as diameter of punctures; with weak isodiametric microsculpture; surface shiny; a long longitudinal depression within smooth midline; with longer distance from front edge than from posterior edge.
 Elytra: 2.3 mm long, 2.4 mm wide; with coriaceous ground sculpture; moderately dense and deep punctation scarcely visible between deep ground sculpture.
description: Published as part of Irmler, Ulrich, 2010, The Neotropical species of the genus Osorius G - M, 1829 with remarks to the Neotropical Osoriid complex (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae), pp. 363-426 in Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 60 (2) on pages 401-402, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.60.2.363-426, http://zenodo.org/record/5212736
MPEC 2024-U16 : COMET P/2024 T2 (Rankin)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET P/2024 T2 (Rankin)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Role of Agricultural Growth in Reducing Child Malnutrition
Creators: name: Mary, Sebastien
name: Gomez Y Paloma, Sergio
name: Mary, Sebastien
name: Gomez Y Paloma, Sergio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: child stunting
subject: agricultural growth
subject: food prices
subject: price volatility

description: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank suggest that agricultural growth is the most effective way to fight (child) malnutrition. Whether this is indeed the case is still very much debated, partly because there is little direct evidence on this topic. Using a dataset of 50 MDG1 countries observed between 1991 and 2009, this paper estimates and compares the impact of agricultural growth on child stunting against those of industrial growth and services growth. We find that, to achieve a 1 percentage point reduction in child stunting, a 11.1% increase in agricultural GDP per capita is necessary, against a 9.7% increase in industrial GDP per capita and a 7.8% increase in services GDP per capita. In other words, contrary to the policy narrative developed by many international development organizations, the services sector is the most effective engine towards reducing child stunting. Finally, we find weak evidence of the impacts of food prices on child stunting and no evidence of the impacts of food prices volatility for the period observed.
Inflation, Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Supergravity
Creators: name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dark Side of the Universe, which includes the cosmological inflation in the early Universe, the current dark energy and dark matter, can be theoretically described by supergravity, though it is non-trivial. We recall the arguments pro and contra supersymmetry and supergravity, and define the viable supergravity models describing the Dark Side of the Universe in agreement with all current observations. Our approach to inflation is based on the Starobinsky model, the dark energy is identified with the positive cosmological constant (de Sitter vacuum), and the dark matter particle is given by the lightest supersymmetric particle identified with the supermassive gravitino. The key role is played by spontaneous supersymmetry breaking.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX, no figures; talk presented at the 2019 Meeting of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society (DPF2019), July 29 - August 2, 2019, Northeastern University, Boston, C1907293
Black holes on cylinders are not algebraically special
Creators: name: De Smet, Pieter-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a Petrov classification for five-dimensional metrics. We classify Ricci-flat metrics that are static, have an SO(3) isometry group and have Petrov type 22. We use this classification to look for the metric of a black hole on a cylinder, i.e. a black hole with asymptotic geometry four-dimensional Minkowski space times a circle. Although a black string wrapped around the circle and the five-dimensional black hole are both algebraically special, it turns out that the black hole on a cylinder is not.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure; v2: classification completed, discussion simplified, references added
MOESM4 of Molecular and evolutionary characterization of norovirus GII.17 in the northern region of Brazil
Creators: name: Costa, Larissa
name: Dielle Teixeira
name: Portela, Ana
name: Lima, Ian
name: Bandeira, Renato
name: JÃºnior, Edivaldo Sousa
name: Siqueira, Jones
name: Resque, Hugo
name: Silva, Luciana
name: Yvone Gabbay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. PROCHECK results showed residues in the most favored (A, B, L), additional admissible (a, b, l, p), and generously allowed regions (~ a, ~ b ~ l, ~ p). Parameters, such as residues in the favored, allowed, and generously allowed regions are the determinants of a good model.
CGIAR Reform—Why So Difficult?
Creators: name: McCalla, Alex F.
name: McCalla, Alex F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: development economics
subject: poverty programs
subject: global agriculture
subject: international agricultural research

description: This paper reviews 40 years of tortured history of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research’s (CGIAR) attempts at structural reform. Yet the basic structure of independent centers created in the 1960’ and 70’s remains in place despite repeated attempts to restructure the basic building blocks of the system. Instead successive layers of super structure: eco-regional programs; Challenge programs; CGIAR Research Programs (CRP’s); and finally a Consortium with another Board and CEO have been added to foster inter-center and interdisciplinary research. The failure of reforms is attributed to the unwillingness of donors, and the World Bank leadership of the CGIAR, to take on entrenched center interests. Some success in modest reform has occurred at the sub-system/center level but only with much difficulty. The paper concludes with some suggestions as to how reform might be fostered.
Band hybridisation at the semimetal-semiconductor transition of Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$ enabled by mirror-symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Watson, Matthew D.
name: Marković, Igor
name: Morales, Edgar Abarca
name: Fèvre, Patrick Le
name: Merz, Michael
name: Haghighirad, Amir A.
name: King, Philip D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a combined study from angle-resolved photoemission and density-functional theory calculations of the temperature-dependent electronic structure in the excitonic insulator candidate Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$. Our experimental measurements unambiguously establish the normal state as a semimetal with a significant band overlap of $>$100~meV. Our temperature-dependent measurements indicate how these low-energy states hybridise when cooling through the well-known 327~K phase transition in this system. From our calculations and polarisation-dependent photoemission measurements, we demonstrate the importance of a loss of mirror symmetry in enabling the band hybridisation, driven by a shear-like structural distortion which reduces the crystal symmetry from orthorhombic to monoclinic. Our results thus point to the key role of the lattice distortion in enabling the phase transition of Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Genetic Erosion in Traditional Food Crops in the Pacific Islands: Background, Socioeconomic Causes and Policy Issues
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Tisdell, Clem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: biodiversity loss
subject: crop varieties
subject: gene banks
subject: genetic capital
subject: food crops
subject: food security
subject: Pacific Islands
subject: sustainable development.

description: The genetic diversity of traditional food crops is rapidly declining in the Pacific Islands, as is also true globally. This loss in the Pacific is of particular concern worldwide because some of these islands (such as New Guinea) are primary centres of origin of several globally important food crops (e.g. bananas and sugar cane). This article provides background information on the evolution of the diversity of these crops, investigates (within the Pacific context) the socioeconomic reasons for this loss, analyses its possible economic consequences, and considers the economic benefits and costs of conserving crop varieties. The potential economic benefits foregone by failing to conserve a crop variety that possesses genetic attributes which would counter a productivity reducing new disease or environmental development is shown to depend on the nature of the demand function for the crop’s production. Other things being held constant, this potential loss is greater the larger is the absolute demand for a crop’s production and the more inelastic is this demand. Staple crop’s production seem to satisfy these conditions, especially the first one. In fact, gene banks in the Pacific Islands have concentrated on conserving varieties of staple crops. However, ignoring the conservation of minor traditional crops may not always be optimal, given that circumstances change. The economics and costs associated with the conservation of crop diversity in situ and ex situ are discussed. The effective analysis of this is shown to be challenging but it is an important consideration in making conservation decisions. Unfortunately, this subject appears to have received little attention in the Pacific as well as globally.
Chemical mixing in low mass stars: I. Rotation against atomic diffusion including radiative accelerations
Creators: name: Deal, M.
name: Goupil, M-J.
name: Marques, J. P.
name: Reese, D.
name: Lebreton, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When modelling stars with masses larger than 1.2Msun with no observed chemical peculiarity, atomic diffusion is often neglected because, on its own, it causes unrealistic surface abundances compared with those observed. The reality is that atomic diffusion is in competition with other transport processes. The purpose of this study is to quantify the opposite or conjugated effects of atomic diffusion and rotationally induced mixing in stellar models of low mass stars. Our second goal is to estimate the impact of neglecting both rotational mixing and atomic diffusion in stellar parameter inferences for stars with masses larger than 1.3Msun. Using the AIMS code, we infer the masses and ages of a set of representative artificial stars for which models were computed with the CESTAM evolution code, taking into account rotationally induced mixing and atomic diffusion, including radiative accelerations. We show that for masses lower than 1.3Msun, rotation dominates the transport of chemical elements, and strongly reduces the effect of atomic diffusion, with net surface abundance modifications similar to solar ones. At larger mass, atomic diffusion and rotation are competing equally. Above 1.44Msun, atomic diffusion dominates in stellar models with initial rotation smaller than 80km.s-1 producing a chemical peculiarity which is not observed in Kepler-legacy stars. This indicates that a transport process of chemical elements is missing. Importantly, neglecting rotation and atomic diffusion (including radiative accelerations) in the models, when inferring the parameters of F-type stars, may lead to errors of 5%, 2.5% and 25% respectively for stellar masses, radii and ages. Atomic diffusion (including radiative accelerations) and rotational mixing should be taken into account in stellar models in order to determine accurate stellar parameters.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Searching for the shadows of giants: characterising protoclusters with line of sight Lyman-α absorption
Creators: name: Miller, Joel S. A.
name: Bolton, James S.
name: Hatch, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use state of the art hydrodyamical simulations from the Sherwood, EAGLE and Illustris projects to examine the signature of $M_{\rm z=0}\simeq 10^{14}M_{\odot}$ protoclusters observed in Ly-$α$ absorption at $z\simeq 2.4$. We find there is a weak correlation between the mass overdensity, $δ_{\rm m}$, and the Ly-$α$ effective optical depth relative to the mean, $δ_{τ_\textrm{eff}}$, averaged over $15~h^{-1}\rm\,cMpc$ scales, although scatter in the $δ_{\rm m}$--$δ_{τ_\textrm{eff}}$ plane means it is not possible to uniquely identify large scale overdensities with strong Ly-$α$ absorption. Although all protoclusters are associated with large scale mass overdensities, most sight lines through protoclusters in a $\sim 10^{6}$ $\rm cMpc^{3}$ volume probe the low column density Ly-$α$ forest. A small subset of sight lines that pass through protoclusters exhibit coherent, strong Ly-$α$ absorption on $15h^{-1}\rm\,cMpc$ scales, although these correspond to a wide range in mass overdensity. Assuming perfect removal of contamination by Ly-$α$ absorbers with damping wings, more than half of the remaining sight lines with $δ_{τ_{\rm eff}}>3.5$ trace protoclusters. It is furthermore possible to identify a model dependent $δ_{τ_{\rm eff}}$ threshold that selects only protoclusters. However, such regions are rare: excluding absorption caused by damped systems, less than 0.1 per cent of sight lines that pass through a protocluster have $δ_{τ_{\rm eff}}>3.5$, meaning that any protocluster sample selected in this manner will also be highly incomplete. On the other hand, coherent regions of Ly-$α$ absorption also provide a promising route for identifying and studying filamentary environments at high redshift.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Neolithic Revolution and Human Societies: Diverse Origins and Development Paths
Creators: name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
name: Svizzero, Serge
name: Tisdell, Clem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: hunter-gatherers
subject: agriculture
subject: Neolithic transition
subject: demic diffusion
subject: imitation
subject: economic surplus
subject: social and economic inequalities
subject: social evolutionary theory.

description: Many economists have recently tried to explain the diverse levels of economic development of countries by studying their trajectories during past eras and in recent history. Special attention has been given to the influences on contemporary societies of relevant developments in prehistory and more particularly, those arising from the Neolithic revolution, i.e. the transition from foraging to farming. This transition from simple to complex hunting and gathering and then to farming is a sequence couched in social evolutionary terms. It suggests a pattern of progressive development resulting in increasing cultural complexity. In this evolutionary scheme, simple hunter-gatherers develop into complex hunters and collectors, whose critical economic decisions are a consequence of climatic changes that inevitably lead them to irreversibly adopt agriculture. Although this pattern of development is widely accepted, we challenge it. Studies of past and recent hunting and gathering societies show an incredible diversity of human social organization through time. Similarly, the various centers where agriculture started during the Neolithic period display great diversity in terms of their genesis, nature and consequences. The nature of the spread of agriculture from the Levant to Europe displays diversity. Demic diffusion and cultural diffusion were both present, and generated a variety of diffusion processes. This diversity of human societies is not easily accounted for by social evolutionary processes; indeed, people’s understanding of the world directly influences the economic decisions they make. The development of agriculture eventually generated an economic surplus. This (combined with increasing social and economic inequalities), another feature of the Neolithic revolution, led to economic growth and therefore to the long-term dominance of agropastoralists societies. Inequality (the appropriation by dominant classes of the economic surplus generated by agropastoralism and by stemming economic developments) was therefore a necessary early condition for increasing the chances of the survival and development of these societies; otherwise they would all have been caught in the Malthusian trap.
Chaos in Black holes Surrounded by Electromagnetic Fields
Creators: name: Santoprete, Manuele
name: Cicogna, Giampaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we prove the occurence of chaos for charged particles moving around a Schwarzshild black hole, perturbed by uniform electric and magnetic fields. The appearance of chaos is studied resorting to the Poincare'-Melnikov method.
Temporal variations of sinking particulate organic radiocarbon in the deep Sargasso Sea
Creators: name: Schnepper, Charlotte
name: Pedrosa-Pamies, Rut
name: Conte, Maureen
name: Gruber, Nicolas
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: The imprint of bomb radiocarbon on sinking particulate organic carbon (PO¹⁴C) intercepted by sediment traps, together with flux and elemental data, provides information about the origin and dynamics of oceanic particles (Hwang et al., 2010). Of particular interest is the question of the degree to which sinking POC in the deep ocean stems from overlying primary production, i.e., vertical supply via the biological pump, versus other processes such as advection and subsequent aggregation of resuspended sedimentary carbon originating from continental margins and other distal sources (Conte et al., 2019). In this context, natural abundance variations in 14C serves as a useful tracer given contrasting signatures recently fixed and pre-aged carbon sources. To quantify the seasonal to inter-annual variability in sinking PO¹⁴C, we have analyzed sediment trap samples from the Oceanic Flux Program (OFP) in the Sargasso Sea, a deep ocean time-series which has examined the particle flux and its composition at 500, 1500 and 3200 m water depths since 1978.

Radiocarbon measurements of POC of all OFP samples spanning September 2012 to December 2015 reveal seasonal and subseasonal variations in sinking PO¹⁴C with an amplitude in Δ¹⁴C values of ca. 100 ‰. This variability in Δ¹⁴C values is inversely linearly correlated with the proportion of lithogenic material to POC (LM:POC; r2=4.2, p <0.01). This relationship suggests that POC with high Δ¹⁴C values and a low LM:POC ratio reflect the supply of particles that sink vertically via the biological pump. Conversely, lower Δ¹⁴C values and high LM:POC ratios indicate laterally transported materials originating from resuspended sediments containing pre-aged organic carbon. Significant deviations from the linear regression (p <0.01) correlate with δ13C values, indicating an increased state of POC remineralization that is independent of Δ¹⁴C variations attributable to particle provenance.  

Over the 3.3 year period of observation, POΔ¹⁴C decreased by ca. 26 %, exceeding the expected annual decline (~6 ‰) based on reconstructed surface DI14C. This decline potentially could be linked to different source(s) of laterally supplied aged organic carbon associated with lithogenic material and/or a shift in the POΔ¹⁴C of the overlying flux (e.g.  from reduction in particle sinking speeds, enhanced decomposition, increased incorporation of aged suspended particles and/or dissolved organic carbon into the sinking flux). On-going work extending the OFP time-series will examine these multiyear trends and assess potential variability in the balance between vertically exported and laterally supplied POC to the deep ocean flux in the deep Sargasso Sea, enabling a better understanding of the underlying processes which control POC dynamics.
description: EGUsphere
MOESM3 of Molecular and evolutionary characterization of norovirus GII.17 in the northern region of Brazil
Creators: name: Costa, Larissa
name: Dielle Teixeira
name: Portela, Ana
name: Lima, Ian
name: Bandeira, Renato
name: Júnior, Edivaldo Sousa
name: Siqueira, Jones
name: Resque, Hugo
name: Silva, Luciana
name: Yvone Gabbay
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Changes in the amino acids found in the VP1 region of the NoV GII.17 strains that circulated in the Amazon region during 2015–2016. ↓ Red arrow down symbol nucleotide substitutions: Thr294Ile, Asp295Asn, His296Gln, Gly395Asp, and Asp407Asn. * insertions: Asp377 and Gly397. * Red Asterisk symbol Deletion: Asp393.
Radiating spherical collapse with heat flow
Creators: name: Govender, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here a simple model of radiative gravitational collapse with radial heat flux which describes qualitatively the stages close to the formation of a superdense cold star. Starting with a static general solution for a cold star, the model can generate solutions for the earlier evolutionary stages. The temporal evolution of the model is specified by solving the junction conditions appropriate for radiating gravitational collapse.
description: 13 pages, including 3 figures, submitted to IJMP-D
title: 01_1093
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/