cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A common surface-density scale for the Milky Way and Andromeda dwarf satellites as a constraint on dark matter models
Creators: name: Hayashi, Kohei
name: Chiba, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an attempt to place an explicit constraint on dark matter models, we define and estimate a mean surface density of a dark halo within a radius of maximum circular velocity, which is derivable for various galaxies with any dark-matter density profiles. We find that this surface density is generally constant across a wide range of maximum circular velocities of $\sim$ 10 to 400 km s$^{-1}$, irrespective of different density distribution in each of the galaxies. This common surface density at high halo-mass scales is found to be naturally reproduced by both cold and warm dark matter (CDM and WDM) models, even without employing any fitting procedures. However, the common surface density at dwarf-galaxy scales, for which we have derived from the Milky Way and Andromeda dwarf satellites, is reproduced only in a massive range of WDM particle masses, whereas CDM provides a reasonable agreement with the observed constancy. This is due to the striking difference between mass-concentration relations for CDM and WDM halos at low halo-mass scales. In order to explain the universal surface density of dwarf-galaxy scales in WDM models, we suggest that WDM particles need to be heavier than 3 keV.
description: Typos corrected. 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication by ApJ Letters
Limiting distributions of functionals of Markov chains
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Vidyadhar G.
name: Karandikar, Rajeeva L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: Let {Xn, n ≥ 0\s} and {Yn, n ≥ 0} be two stochastic processes such that Yn depends on Xn in a stationary manner, i.e. P(Yn ∊ A|Xn) does not depend on n. Sufficient conditions are derived for Yn to have a limiting distribution. If Xn is a Markov chain with stationary transition probabilities and Yn = f(Xn,..., Xn+k) then Yn depends on Xn is a stationary way. Two situations are considered: (i) {Xn, n ≥ 0} has a limiting distribution (ii) {Xn, n ≥ 0} does not have a limiting distribution and exits every finite set with probability 1. Several examples are considered including that of a non-homogeneous Poisson process with periodic rate function where we obtain the limiting distribution of the interevent times.
Symbolic defects of edge ideals of unicyclic graphs
Creators: name: Mandal, Mousumi
name: Pradhan, Dipak Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F20, O5C25

description: We introduce the concept of minimum edge cover for an induced subgraph in a graph. Let $G$ be a unicyclic graph with a unique odd cycle and $I=I(G)$ be its edge ideal. We compute the exact values of all symbolic defects of $I$ using the concept of minimum edge cover for an induced subgraph in a graph. We describe one method to find the quasi-polynomial associated with the symbolic defects of edge ideal $I$. We classify the class of unicyclic graphs when some power of maximal ideal annihilates $ I^{(s)}/I^s $ for any fixed $ s $. Also for those class of graphs, we compute the Hilbert function of the module $I^{(s)}/I^s$ for all $s.$
Mutual Adversarial Training: Learning together is better than going alone
Creators: name: Liu, Jiang
name: Lau, Chun Pong
name: Souri, Hossein
name: Feizi, Soheil
name: Chellappa, Rama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that robustness to adversarial attacks can be transferred across networks. In other words, we can make a weak model more robust with the help of a strong teacher model. We ask if instead of learning from a static teacher, can models "learn together" and "teach each other" to achieve better robustness? In this paper, we study how interactions among models affect robustness via knowledge distillation. We propose mutual adversarial training (MAT), in which multiple models are trained together and share the knowledge of adversarial examples to achieve improved robustness. MAT allows robust models to explore a larger space of adversarial samples, and find more robust feature spaces and decision boundaries. Through extensive experiments on CIFAR-10 and CIFAR-100, we demonstrate that MAT can effectively improve model robustness and outperform state-of-the-art methods under white-box attacks, bringing $\sim$8% accuracy gain to vanilla adversarial training (AT) under PGD-100 attacks. In addition, we show that MAT can also mitigate the robustness trade-off among different perturbation types, bringing as much as 13.1% accuracy gain to AT baselines against the union of $l_\infty$, $l_2$ and $l_1$ attacks. These results show the superiority of the proposed method and demonstrate that collaborative learning is an effective strategy for designing robust models.
description: Under submission
A study of a family of generating functions of Nelsen-Schmidt type and some identities on restricted barred preferential arrangements
Creators: name: Nkonkobe, S.
name: Murali, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A preferential arrangement of a set $X_n=\{1,2,...,n\}$ is an ordered partition of the set $X_n$ induced with a linear order. Separation of blocks of a preferential arrangement with bars result in the notation of barred preferential arrangements. Roger Nelsen and Harvey Schmidt have proposed the family of generating functions $P^k(m)=\frac{e^{km}}{2-e^m}$; which for $k=0$ and for $k=2$ they have shown that the generating functions are exponential generating functions for the number of preferential arrangements of a set $X_n$ and the number of chains in the power set of $X_n$ respectively. In this study we propose combinatorial structures whose integer sequences are generated by members of the family for all values of $k$ in $\mathbb{Z}^+$. To do this we use a notion of restricted barred preferential arrangements. We then propose a more general family of generating functions $P^{r}_{j}(m)=\frac{e^{rm}}{(2-e^m)^j}$ for $r,j\in\mathbb{Z^+}$. We derive some new identities on restricted barred preferential arrangements and give their combinatorial proofs. We also propose conjectures on number of restricted barred preferential arrangements.
(100256) Christopher Russell James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Toward an automated-algebra framework for high orders in the virial expansion of quantum matter
Creators: name: Czejdo, Aleks J.
name: Drut, Joaquin E.
name: Hou, Yaqi
name: Morrell, Kaitlyn J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The virial expansion provides a non-perturbative view into the thermodynamics of quantum many-body systems in dilute regimes. While powerful, the expansion is challenging as calculating its coefficients at each order $n$ requires analyzing (if not solving) the quantum $n$-body problem. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of automated algebra methods, which we developed to calculate high-order virial coefficients. The methods are computational but non-stochastic, thus avoiding statistical effects; they are also for the most part analytic, not numerical, and amenable to massively parallel computer architectures. We show formalism and results for coefficients characterizing the thermodynamics (pressure, density, energy, static susceptibilities) of homogeneous and harmonically trapped systems, and explain how to generalize them to other observables such as the momentum distribution, Tan's contact, and the structure factor.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures; Updated Fig. 2 to show comparison with the results of Endo and Castin at finite trapping frequency
Estimation in nonlinear time series models
Creators: name: Tjøstheim, Dag
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: A general framework for analyzing estimates in nonlinear time series is developed. General conditions for strong consistency and asymptotic normality are derived both for conditional least squares and maximum likelihood types estimates. Ergodie strictly stationary processes are studied in the first part and certain nonstationary processes in the last part of the paper. Examples are taken from most of the usual classes of nonlinear time series models.
A Simple, Efficient, High-order Accurate Sliding-Mesh Interface Approach to the Spectral Difference Method on Coupled Rotating and Stationary Domains
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
name: Liang, Chunlei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents a simple, efficient, and high-order accurate sliding-mesh interface approach to the spectral difference (SD) method. We demonstrate the approach by solving the two-dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations on quadrilateral grids. This approach is an extension of the straight mortar method originally designed for stationary domains by Kopriva, it employs curved dynamic mortars on sliding-mesh interfaces to couple rotating and stationary domains. On the nonconforming sliding-mesh interfaces, the related variables are first projected from cell faces to mortars to compute common fluxes, and then the common fluxes are projected back from the mortars to the cell faces to ensure conservation. To verify the spatial order of accuracy of the sliding-mesh spectral difference (SSD) method, both inviscid and viscous flow cases are tested. It is shown that the SSD method preserves the high-order accuracy of the SD method. Meanwhile, the SSD method is found to be very efficient in terms of computational cost. This novel sliding-mesh interface method is very suitable for parallel processing with domain decomposition. It can be applied to a wide range of problems, such as the aerodynamics of rotorcraft, wind turbines, and oscillating wing wind power generators, etc.
Lie Symmetries, Painlevé analysis and global dynamics for the temporal equation of radiating stars
Creators: name: Leon, Genly
name: Govender, Megandhren
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the temporal equation of radiating stars by using three powerful methods for the analysis of nonlinear differential equations. Specifically, we investigate the global dynamics for the given master ordinary differential equation to understand the evolution of solutions for various initial conditions as also to investigate the existence of asymptotic solutions. Moreover, with the application of Lie's theory, we can reduce the order of the master differential equation, while an exact similarity solution is determined. Finally, the master equation possesses the Painlevé property, which means that the analytic solution can be expressed in terms of a Laurent expansion.
description: 18 pages, 6 compound figures. Fits the published version. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.03970
Degenerate Cahn-Hilliard and incompressible limit of a Keller-Segel model
Creators: name: Elbar, Charles
name: Perthame, Benoît
name: Poulain, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B40, 35B45, 35G20, 35Q92

description: The Keller-Segel model is a well-known system representing chemotaxis in living organisms. We study the convergence of a generalized nonlinear variant of the Keller-Segel to the degenerate Cahn-Hilliard system. This analysis is made possible from the observation that the Keller-Segel system is equivalent to a relaxed version of the Cahn-Hilliard system. Furthermore, this latter equivalent system has an interesting application in the modelling of living tissues. Indeed, compressible and incompressible porous medium type equations are widely used to describe the mechanical properties of living tissues. The relaxed degenerate Cahn-Hilliard system, can be viewed as a compressible living tissue model for which the movement is driven by Darcy's law and takes into account the effects of the viscosity as well as surface tension at the surface of the tissue. We study the convergence of the Keller-Segel system to the Cahn-Hilliard equation and some of the analytical properties of the model such as the incompressible limit of our model. Our analysis relies on a priori estimates, compactness properties, and on the equivalence between the Keller-Segel system and the relaxed degenerate Cahn-Hilliard system.
Position-aware Location Regression Network for Temporal Video Grounding
Creators: name: Kim, Sunoh
name: Yun, Kimin
name: Choi, Jin Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The key to successful grounding for video surveillance is to understand a semantic phrase corresponding to important actors and objects. Conventional methods ignore comprehensive contexts for the phrase or require heavy computation for multiple phrases. To understand comprehensive contexts with only one semantic phrase, we propose Position-aware Location Regression Network (PLRN) which exploits position-aware features of a query and a video. Specifically, PLRN first encodes both the video and query using positional information of words and video segments. Then, a semantic phrase feature is extracted from an encoded query with attention. The semantic phrase feature and encoded video are merged and made into a context-aware feature by reflecting local and global contexts. Finally, PLRN predicts start, end, center, and width values of a grounding boundary. Our experiments show that PLRN achieves competitive performance over existing methods with less computation time and memory.
description: Accepted in AVSS 2021
Simultaneous source and attenuation reconstruction in SPECT using ballistic and single scattering data
Creators: name: Courdurier, Matias
name: Monard, Francois
name: Osses, Axel
name: Romero, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In medical SPECT imaging, we seek to simultaneously obtain the internal radioactive sources and the attenuation map using not only ballistic measurements but also first order scattering measurements. The problem is modeled using the radiative transfer equation by means of an explicit nonlinear operator that gives the ballistic and scattering measurements as a function of the radioactive source and attenuation distributions. First, by differentiating this nonlinear operator we obtain a linearized inverse problem. Then, under regularity hypothesis for the source distribution and attenuation map and considering small attenuations, we rigorously prove that the linear operator is invertible and we compute its inverse explicitly. This allows to prove local uniqueness for the nonlinear inverse problem. Finally, using the previous inversion result for the linear operator, we propose a new type of iterative algorithm for simultaneous source and attenuation recovery for SPECT based on Neumann series and a Newton-Raphson algorithm.
description: 31 pages, 30 figures. Minor corrections
The evolution of barred galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
Creators: name: Cavanagh, Mitchell K.
name: Bekki, Kenji
name: Groves, Brent A.
name: Pfeffer, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the morphologies of 3,964 galaxies and their progenitors with $M_\star > 10^{10} M_\odot$ in the reference EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation from redshifts $z=1$ to $z=0$, concentrating on the redshift evolution of the bar fraction. We apply two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify 35,082 synthetic g-band images across 10 snapshots in redshift. We identify galaxies as either barred or unbarred, while also classifying each sample into one of four morphological types: elliptical (E), lenticular (S0), spiral (Sp), and irregular/miscellaneous (IrrM). We find that the bar fraction is roughly constant between $z = 0.0$ to $z = 0.5$ (32% to 33%), before exhibiting a general decline to 26% out to $z = 1$. The bar fraction is highest in spiral galaxies, from 49% at $z = 0$ to 39% at $z = 1$. The bar fraction in S0s is lower, ranging from 22% to 18%, with similar values for the miscellaneous category. Under 5% of ellipticals were classified as barred. We find that the bar fraction is highest in low mass galaxies ($M_\star \leq 10^{10.5} M_\odot$). Through tracking the evolution of galaxies across each snapshot, we find that some barred galaxies undergo episodes of bar creation, destruction and regeneration, with a mean bar lifetime of 2.24 Gyr. We further find that incidences of bar destruction are more commonly linked to major merging, while minor merging and accretion is linked to both bar creation and destruction.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
PET CMR$_{glc}$ mapping and $^{1}$H MRS show altered glucose uptake and neurometabolic profiles in BDL rats
Creators: name: Mosso, Jessie
name: Yin, Ting
name: Poitry-Yamate, Carole
name: Simicic, Dunja
name: Lepore, Mario
name: McLin, Valérie A.
name: Braissant, Olivier
name: Cudalbu, Cristina
name: Lanz, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type C hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder occurring as a consequence of chronic liver disease. Alterations in energy metabolism have been suggested in type C HE, but $\textit{in vivo}$ studies on this matter remain sparse and have reported conflicting results. Here, we propose a novel preclinical $^{18}$F-FDG PET methodology to compute quantitative 3D maps of the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMR$_{glc}$) from a labelling steady-state PET image of the brain and an image-derived input function. This quantitative approach shows its strength when comparing groups of animals with divergent physiology, such as HE animals. PET CMR$_{glc}$ maps were registered to an atlas and the mean CMR$_{glc}$ from the hippocampus and the cerebellum were associated to the corresponding localized $^{1}$H MR spectroscopy acquisitions. This study provides for the first time local and quantitative information on both brain glucose uptake and neurometabolic profile alterations in a rat model of type C HE. A 2-fold lower brain glucose uptake, concomitant with an increase in brain glutamine and a decrease in the main osmolytes was observed in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum. These novel findings are an important step towards new insights into energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of HE.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
Invariance principles under a two-part mixing assumption
Creators: name: Peligrad, Magda
name: Bradley, Richard C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: Weak and strong invariance principles are established for strictly stationary sequences satisfying a mixing assumption which has two “parts”, one based on the strong mixing condition with a polynomial mixing rate and the other based on the p-mixing condition.
(100254) Elsie Mabel James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ICOS Atmospheric Station Specifications v1.3
Creators: name: Laurent, Olivier
name: ICOS Atmosphere Monitoring Station Assembly
name: ICOS Atmosphere Thematic Centre (ATC)
Publisher: name: ICOS ERIC
Year: 2020

description: This document describes the ICOS specifications for atmospheric stations which typically consist of a set of integrated analyzers that reside in a shelter with an air intake system that collects air on a mast. The document groups the main atmospheric specification into: measurement set up (chap. 2), measurement protocols (chap. 3), calibration and standards (chap. 4), data management (chap. 5) and quality management (chap. 6). The atmosphere Monitoring Station Assembly (MSA) meets regularly (at least once a year) to mainly review, among other things, the stations performance over the past year and discuss recent development and instrument evaluation.
The targum (1926:Jan. 13 - 1926:Jan. 20)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1926

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
The impact of exposure to school violence and the role of hope in low-income, urban youth
Creators: name: Cedeno, Linda
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of personal victimization and witnessing violence in the school setting in a sample of low-income, ethnic-minority children. In addition, hope was examined as a potential protective factor in buffing youth from the development of problem behaviors in the context of school-specific violence. It was hypothesized that exposure to school violence would be positively associated with externalizing symptoms. Additionally, it was hypothesized that hope would be positively related to indices of adjustment, and inversely related to problem behaviors. Finally, exploratory questions suggested by extant research were posed further investigating associations between exposure to school violence and adjustment. Additionally, the moderating effects of hope and gender on the linkages between exposure to school violence and psychological and behavioral functioning were examined. Data were derived from a longitudinal primary prevention research project evaluating the impact of a social and emotional learning curriculum. Participants were approximately 161 African-American and Latino fifth graders. Students completed self-reports of self-concept and hope. Teachers completed a teacher-rated survey assessing levels of problem behaviors, social skills, and academic competence for each student in their class. Results indicated that the majority of youth had been personally victimized and witnessed violence on one or more occasion during a three-month period. In addition, exposure to school violence was positively associated with problem behaviors, and negatively associated with social skills, self-concept, and academic competence, most notably for males. Moreover, hope provided a buffering effect on females' self-concept for those witnessing higher levels of school violence. Implications of both the prevalence and impact of exposure to school violence, as well as the limited moderating effects of hope found in the current study are discussed in relation to intervention efforts and strengthening future research sampling low-income, ethnic-minority youth.
On a conjecture of Nikiforov involving a spectral radius condition for a graph to contain all trees
Creators: name: Liu, Xiangxiang
name: Broersma, Hajo
name: Wang, Ligong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We partly confirm a Brualdi-Solheid-Turán type conjecture due to Nikiforov, which is a spectral radius analogue of the well-known Erdős-Sós Conjecture that any tree of order $t$ is contained in a graph of average degree greater than $t-2$. We confirm Nikiforov's Conjecture for all brooms and for a larger class of spiders. For our proofs we also obtain a new Turán type result which might turn out to be of independent interest.
(100255) Marnie Christine James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Mottness, Phase String, and High-$T_c$ Superconductivity
Creators: name: Zhao, Jing-Yu
name: Weng, Zheng-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a great discovery in physics of the twentieth century that the elementary particles in Nature are dictated by gauge forces, characterized by a nonintegrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge $q$ acquires from A to B points: $$P \exp\left(i\frac{q}{\hbar c} \int_A^B A_μdx^μ\right)$$ where $A_μ$ is the gauge potential and $P$ stands for path ordering. In a many-body system of strongly correlated electrons, if the so-called Mott gap is opened up by interaction, the corresponding Hilbert space will be fundamentally changed. A novel nonintegrable phase factor known as phase-string will appear and replace the conventional Fermi statistics to dictate the low-lying physics. Protected by the Mott gap, which is clearly identified in the high-$T_c$ cuprate with a magnitude > 1.5 eV, such a singular phase factor can enforce a fractionalization of the electrons, leading to a dual world of exotic elementary particles with a topological gauge structure. A non-Fermi-liquid "parent" state will emerge, in which the gapless Landau quasiparticle is only partially robust around the so-called Fermi arc regions, while the main dynamics are dominated by two types of gapped spinons. Antiferromagnetism, superconductivity, and a Fermi liquid with full Fermi surface can be regarded as the low-temperature instabilities of this new parent state. Both numerics and experiments provide direct evidence for such an emergent physics of the Mottness, which lies in the core of a high-$T_c$ superconducting mechanism.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, comments are welcome
On smoothed probability density estimation for stationary processes
Creators: name: Castellana, J. V.
name: Leadbetter, M. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: Aspects of estimation of the (marginal) probability density for a stationary sequence or continuous parameter process, are considered in this paper. Consistency and asymptotic distributional results are obtained using a class of smoothed function estimators including those of kernel type, under various decay of dependence conditions for the process. Some of the consistency results contain convergence rates which appear to be more delicate than those previously available, even for i.i.d. sequences.
Winding Number Statistics of a Parametric Chiral Unitary Random Matrix Ensemble
Creators: name: Braun, Petr
name: Hahn, Nico
name: Waltner, Daniel
name: Gat, Omri
name: Guhr, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The winding number is a concept in complex analysis which has, in the presence of chiral symmetry, a physics interpretation as the topological index belonging to gapped phases of fermions. We study statistical properties of this topological quantity. To this end, we set up a random matrix model for a chiral unitary system with a parametric dependence. We analytically calculate the discrete probability distribution of the winding numbers, as well as the parametric correlations functions of the winding number density. Moreover, we address aspects of universality for the two-point function of the winding number density by identifying a proper unfolding procedure. We conjecture the unfolded two-point function to be universal.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Pd@HNTs-CDNS-g-C3N4: A novel heterogeneous catalyst for promoting ligand and copper-free Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions, benefits from halloysite and cyclodextrin chemistry and g-C3N4 contribution to suppress Pd leaching
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Samahe Sadjadi
name: Malmir, Masoumeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: For the first time, a ternary hybrid system composed of halloysite nanotubes, HNTs, cyclodextrin nanosponges, CDNS, and g-C3N4 is prepared and used for immobilization of Pd(0) nanoparticles and development of a heterogeneous catalyst, Pd@HNTs-CDNS-g-C3N4 for promoting ligand and copper-free Sonogashira and Heck coupling reactions in aqueous media. HNT as a porous tubular clay with outstanding thermal, mechanical and textural properties can act as a support for immobilizing Pd nanoparticles. The role of CDNS can be explained on the base of its capability to form inclusion complexe with substrates and bringing them in the vicinity of the catalytic active sites. Regarding the role of g-C3N4 in catalysis, it is proved that its presence can suppress the Pd leaching dramatically. The contribution of each component as well as synergistic effect between them results in high catalytic activity and recyclability (up to 10 reaction runs) of the catalyst.
SO(10): a Case for Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Preda, Anca
name: Senjanovic, Goran
name: Zantedeschi, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mass scales in the $SO(10)$ grand unified theory based on the following minimal Higgs representation content: adjoint $45_{\rm H}$, spinor $16_{\rm H}$ and complex vector $10_{\rm H}$, with higher dimensional operators on top of renormalizable interactions. We show that the consistency of the theory requires scalar $W$ and $Z$, scalar quark doublet and scalar gluon to lie below $ 10\, \rm TeV$ energy and potentially accessible even at the LHC. These signatures are intimately connected with the prediction of proton lifetime below $10^{35} {\rm yr}$, to be probed in the new generation of proton decay experiments.
description: v3: published version in Phys. Lett. B. A few references and clarifications regarding Yukawa couplings and neutrino mass running added. Minor cosmetic changes made
Inverse scattering problem with a bare state
Creators: name: Li, Yan
name: Wu, Jia-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In hadron physics, molecular-like multihadron states can interact with compact multiquark states. The latter are modeled as bare states in the Hilbert space of a potential model. In this work, we study several potential models relevant to the bare state, and solve their inverse scattering problems. The first model, called "cc", is a separable potential model. We show that it can approximate (single-channel short-range) $S$-wave near-threshold physics with an error of $\mathcal{O}(β^3/M_V^3)$, where $β$ sets the maximum momentum of the near-threshold region and $M_V$ is the typical scale of the potential. The second model, called "bc", serves as the bare-state-dominance approximation, where interaction between continuum states is ignored. Under this model, even though the bare state is always crucial for a bound state's generation, a shallow bound state naturally tends to have a small bare-state proportion. Therefore, we need other quantities to quantify the importance of the bare state. The last model, called "bcc", is a combination of the first two models. This model not only serves as a correction to the bare-state-dominance approximation, but can also be used to understand the interplay between quark and hadron degrees of freedom. This model naturally leads to the presence of a Castillejo-Dalitz-Dyson (CDD) zero. We consider the energy decomposition of a bound state. The potential ratio of the bare-continuum interaction to the continuum self-interaction is proposed to understand how the bound state is generated. Model independently, an inequality for the potential ratio is derived. Based on the model "bcc", the CDD zero can be used to estimate the potential ratio. Finally, we apply these studies to the deuteron, $ρ$ meson, and $D_{s0}^*(2317)$, and analyze their properties.
description: 28 pages 2 figures
Ergodic properties of stationary stable processes
Creators: name: Hardin, Clyde
name: Weron, Aleksander
name: Cambanis, Stamatis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: We derive spectral necessary and sufficient conditions for stationary symmetric stable processes to be metrically transitive and mixing. We then consider some important classes of stationary stable processes: Sub-Gaussian stationary processes and stationary stable processes with a harmonic spectral representation are never metrically transitive, the latter in sharp contrast with the Gaussian case. Stable processes with a harmonic spectral representation satisfy a strong law of large numbers even though they are not generally stationary. For doubly stationary stable processes, sufficient conditions are derived for metric transitivity and mixing, and necessary and sufficient conditions for a strong law of large numbers.
QED Plasma and Magnetars
Creators: name: Freytsis, Marat
name: Gralla, Samuel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetars are surrounded by diffuse plasma in magnetic field strengths well above the quantum electrodynamic critical value. We derive equations of "quantum force-free electrodynamics" for this plasma using effective field theory arguments. We argue that quantum effects do not modify the large scale structure of the magnetosphere, and in particular that the spin-down rate does not deviate significantly from the classical result. We provide definite evolution equations that can be used to explore potentially important small-scale corrections, such as shock formation, which has been proposed as a mechanism for both burst and quiescent emission from magnetars.
description: 5 pages, v2: references added, formatting tweaked
Quantum key distribution surpassing the repeaterless rate-transmittance bound without global phase locking
Creators: name: Zeng, Pei
name: Zhou, Hongyi
name: Wu, Weijie
name: Ma, Xiongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution -- the establishment of information-theoretically secure keys based on quantum physics -- is mainly limited by its practical performance, which is characterised by the dependence of the key rate on the channel transmittance $R(η)$. Recently, schemes based on single-photon interference have been proposed to improve the key rate to $R=O(\sqrtη)$ by overcoming the point-to-point secret key capacity bound with interferometers. Unfortunately, all of these schemes require challenging global phase locking to realise a stable long-arm single-photon interferometer with a precision of approximately 100 nm over fibres that are hundreds of kilometres long. Aiming to address this problem, we propose a mode-pairing measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution scheme in which the encoded key bits and bases are determined during data post-processing. Using conventional second-order interference, this scheme can achieve a key rate of $R=O(\sqrtη)$ without global phase locking when the local phase fluctuation is mild. We expect this high-performance scheme to be ready-to-implement with off-the-shelf optical devices.
description: 56 pages, 24 figures. Comments are welcome
GERE: Generative Evidence Retrieval for Fact Verification
Creators: name: Chen, Jiangui
name: Zhang, Ruqing
name: Guo, Jiafeng
name: Fan, Yixing
name: Cheng, Xueqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fact verification (FV) is a challenging task which aims to verify a claim using multiple evidential sentences from trustworthy corpora, e.g., Wikipedia. Most existing approaches follow a three-step pipeline framework, including document retrieval, sentence retrieval and claim verification. High-quality evidences provided by the first two steps are the foundation of the effective reasoning in the last step. Despite being important, high-quality evidences are rarely studied by existing works for FV, which often adopt the off-the-shelf models to retrieve relevant documents and sentences in an "index-retrieve-then-rank" fashion. This classical approach has clear drawbacks as follows: i) a large document index as well as a complicated search process is required, leading to considerable memory and computational overhead; ii) independent scoring paradigms fail to capture the interactions among documents and sentences in ranking; iii) a fixed number of sentences are selected to form the final evidence set. In this work, we propose GERE, the first system that retrieves evidences in a generative fashion, i.e., generating the document titles as well as evidence sentence identifiers. This enables us to mitigate the aforementioned technical issues since: i) the memory and computational cost is greatly reduced because the document index is eliminated and the heavy ranking process is replaced by a light generative process; ii) the dependency between documents and that between sentences could be captured via sequential generation process; iii) the generative formulation allows us to dynamically select a precise set of relevant evidences for each claim. The experimental results on the FEVER dataset show that GERE achieves significant improvements over the state-of-the-art baselines, with both time-efficiency and memory-efficiency.
description: Accepted by SIGIR 2022
Development of a resource-efficient FPGA-based neural network regression model for the ATLAS muon trigger upgrades
Creators: name: Ospanov, Rustem
name: Feng, Changqing
name: Dong, Wenhao
name: Feng, Wenhao
name: Zhang, Kan
name: Yang, Shining
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports on the development of a resource-efficient FPGA-based neural network regression model for potential applications in the future hardware muon trigger system of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Effective real-time selection of muon candidates is the cornerstone of the ATLAS physics programme. With the planned ATLAS upgrades for the High Luminosity LHC, an entirely new FPGA-based hardware muon trigger system will be installed that will process full muon detector data within a 10 $μs$ latency window. The large FPGA devices planned for this upgrade should have sufficient spare resources to allow deployment of machine learning methods for improving identification of muon candidates and searching for new exotic particles. Our neural network regression model promises to improve rejection of the dominant source of background trigger events in the central detector region, which are due to muon candidates with low transverse momenta. This model was implemented in FPGA using 157 digital signal processors and about 5,000 lookup tables. The simulated network latency and deadtime are 122 and 25 ns, respectively, when implemented in the FPGA device using a 320 MHz clock frequency. Two other FPGA implementations were also developed to study the impact of design choices on resource utilisation and latency. The performance parameters of our FPGA implementation are well within the requirements of the future muon trigger system, therefore opening a possibility for deploying machine learning methods for future data taking by the ATLAS experiment.
description: 13 pages, 17 figures
Development of Low-cost Automated Zero Wastewater System to Step towards Industry 4.0
Creators: name: Parvez, Zaif
name: Brishty, Nusrat Jahan
name: Uddin Raj, Riaj
name: Safoyat  Khan Deehan, Akhzer
name: Alam Aanchal, Jannate Nur Ridita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 401102
subject: Environmentally sustainable engineering
classificationCode: 401106
subject: Waste management, reduction, reuse and recycling
classificationCode: 401105
subject: Life cycle assessment and industrial ecology
classificationCode: 401103
subject: Global and planetary environmental engineering

description: The following paper proposes the optimum uses of ETP-based water. It is known that ETP works as a waste purifier and treats the water obtained from industrial plants. This project aims to ensure proper reuse of the wastewater obtained from the ETP rather than throwing it into the environment directly. This project aims to work with the filtered water produced by ETP and put it to good use. The ETP wastewater is kept inside a reservoir and, later, passed through a unique and automated distribution system which leads to various end uses. This automated distribution system controls the wastewater supply to minimize resource waste. This project also includes using sludge obtained from the ETP plant by mixing it with concrete cement. Thus, the sludge will be reused to make storage components for a distribution system. The range of ETP wastewater uses can even be expanded with adequate execution based on the produced filtered water quality. Throughout ETP-based production, the field of operations can be distributed. Throughout ETP-based production, the field of operations can be distributed. And the overall goal of this project is "environmental sustainability" and complete wastewater management. If correctly implemented, this might be an ideal method for conserving vital water while safeguarding the environment. If correctly implemented, this might be an ideal method for conserving vital water while safeguarding the environment.
(100257) Effie Lillian James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.