cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sex-Based Differences in Inpatient Burn Mortality
Creators: name: van Duin, D.
name: Knowlin, L.
name: Nizamani, R.
name: Williams, F.N.
name: Jones, S.W.
name: Charles, A.
name: Strassle, P.D.
name: Napravnik, S.
name: Cairns, B.A.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2019

description: Background: Among burn patients, research is conflicted, but may suggest that females are at increased risk of mortality, despite the opposite being true in non-burn trauma. Our objective was to determine whether sex-based differences in burn mortality exist, and assess whether patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and injury characteristics explain said differences. Methods: Adult patients admitted with burn injury—including inhalation injury only—between 2004 and 2013 were included. Inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) and inverse probability of censor weights (IPCW) were calculated using admit year, patient demographics, comorbid conditions, and injury characteristics to adjust for potential confounding and informative censoring. Standardized Kaplan–Meier survival curves, weighted by both IPTW and IPCW, were used to estimate the 30-day and 60-day risk of inpatient mortality across sex. Results: Females were older (median age 44 vs. 41 years old, p < 0.0001) and more likely to be Black (32% vs. 25%, p < 0.0001), have diabetes (14% vs. 10%, p < 0.0001), pulmonary disease (14% vs. 7%, p < 0.0001), heart failure (4% vs. 2%, p = 0.001), scald burns (45% vs. 26%, p < 0.0001), and inhalational injuries (10% vs. 8%, p = 0.04). Even after weighting, females were still over twice as likely to die after 60 days (RR 2.87, 95% CI 1.09, 7.51). Conclusion: Female burn patients have a significantly higher risk of 60-day mortality, even after accounting for demographics, comorbid conditions, burn size, and inhalational injury. Future research efforts and treatments to attenuate mortality should account for these sex-based differences. The project was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Grant Number UL1TR001111.
Electronic and optical properties of novel carbon allotropes
Creators: name: Wang, Zhanyu
name: Zhang, R. J.
name: Zheng, Y. X.
name: Chen, L. Y.
name: Wang, S. Y.
name: Wang, C. Z.
name: Ho, K. M.
name: Fan, Yuan-Jia
name: Jin, Bih-Yaw
name: Su, Wan-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phonon properties, electronic structures and optical properties of novel carbon allotropes, such as monolayer penta-graphene (PG), double-layer PG and T12-carbon, were explored by means of first-principles calculations. Results of phonon calculations demonstrate that these exotic carbon allotropes are dynamically stable. In addition, the bulk T12 phase is an indirect-gap semiconductor having a bandgap of ~4.89 eV. Whereas the bulk material transforms to a 2D phase, the monolayer and double-layer PG become quasi-direct gap semiconductors with smaller band gaps of ~2.64 eV and ~3.27eV, respectively. Furthermore, the partial charge density analysis indicates that the 2D phases retain part of the electronic characteristics of the T12 phase. The linear photon energy-dependent dielectric functions and related optical properties including refractive index, extinction coefficient, absorption spectrum, reflectivity, and energy loss spectrum were also computed and discussed. The structural estimation obtained as well as other findings are in agreement with existing theoretical data. The calculated results are beneficial to the practical applications of these exotic carbon allotropes in optoelectronics and electronics.
ICU Risk Stratification Models Feasible for Use in Sub-Saharan Africa Show Poor Discrimination in Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Charles, A.
name: Kadyaudzu, C.
name: Prin, M.
name: Li, G.
name: Pan, S.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Background: Critical illness disproportionately affects people in low-income countries (LICs). Efforts to improve critical care in LICs must account for differences in demographics and infrastructure compared to high-income settings. Part of this effort includes the development and validation of intensive care unit (ICU) risk stratification models feasible for use in LICs. The purpose of this study was to validate and compare the performance of ICU mortality models developed for use in sub-Saharan Africa. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational cohort study of ICU patients in a referral hospital in Malawi. Models were selected for comparison based on a Medline search for studies which developed ICU mortality models based on cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa. Model discrimination was evaluated using the area under the curve with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: During the study, 499 patients were admitted to the study ICU, and after exclusions, there were 319 patients. The cohort was 62% female, with the mean age 31 years (IQR: 23-41), and 74% had surgery preceding ICU admission. Discrimination for hospital mortality ranged from 0.54 (95% CI 0.48, 0.60) for the Universal Vital Assessment (UVA) to 0.72 (95% CI 0.66, 0.78) for the Malawi Intensive care Mortality Evaluation (MIME). After tenfold cross-validation, these results were unchanged. Conclusions: The MIME outperformed other models in this prospective study. Most ICU models developed for LICs had poor to modest discrimination for hospital mortality. Future research may contribute to a better risk stratification model for LICs by refining and enhancing the MIME.
Veränderungseffekte und Karriere-Adaptabilität in der Studien- und Laufbahnberatung
Creators: name: Toggweiler, Stephan
Publisher: name: profunda suisse, Verband der Fachleute für Laufbahnentwicklung
Year: 2018
Subjects: Karriere-Adaptabilität
VIL
158: Angewandte Psychologie
370: Bildung und Erziehung

description: Die Frage, was psychologische Indikatoren einer gelungenen Studien- oder Laufbahnberatung sind, ist nicht einfach zu beantworten, es fehlen Theorien, welche diese Frage klären. Aus diesem Defizit heraus führen jedoch breit abgestützte Expertengespräche. Ein solches Vorgehen bietet den Vorteil der unmittelbaren Anbindung an den Beratungsalltag, an die gelebte beraterische Praxis. Genau das haben Künzli und Zihlmann (2008) gemacht, indem sie im Jahr 2003 die Entwicklung eines veränderungssensitiven Evaluationsinstrumentes für erwachsene Laufbahnkandidaten/-innen angestossen haben. Auf der Basis von mehreren Workshops mit erfahrenen Laufbahnberatern/-innen aus verschiedenen Kantonen wurden Ideen gesammelt und Items formuliert, die unabhängig von der Beratungsmethode, so die Zielvorgabe, als Erfolgsindikatoren von Laufbahnberatungen zu betrachten sind. Darauf basierend wurde über mehrere Phasen hinweg ein Evaluationsinstrument entwickelt – das Veränderungsinventar für Laufbahnberatungen VIL. Finanziert wurden diese Arbeiten durch DORE (Do Research; eine ehemalige Abteilung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds) und durch die Eidgenössische Kommission für Technologie und Innovation KTI, das ist die heutige Innosuisse. Aus aktuellem Anlass einer Datenerhebung im Frühjahr 2018 im Rahmen einer Masterarbeit von Hanselmann (2018) sollen hier in Kurzform erste Ergebnisse zur Validität des VIL berichtet werden.
Die Markenpersönlichkeit als psychologischer Faktor der Markenwirkung : Entwicklung eines Instruments zur Analyse von Markenkommunikation und Markenbeziehungen
Creators: name: Waller, Gregor
name: Süss, Daniel
name: Bircher, Markus
Publisher: name: HAP Hochschule für Angewandte Psychologie
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Medienpsychologie
subject: Werbepsychologie
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Brands
subject: 158: Angewandte Psychologie
subject: 658.8: Marketingmanagement

description: Forschungsbericht zur Projektphase 2005 / 06
title: TAV in SAV: what “heart team” needs to know
Creators: name: Fagrezos, Dimitris
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Arteriosclerosis
subject: Education
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac
subject: Arteries / Aorta

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: A detailed imaging approach is crucial as novel techniques are considered in treatment of high risk patients who had already underwent a surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and they are facing a bioprosthetic valve failure. As appropriated...
Additional file 2 of Effects of physical training on physical and functional fitness, physical activity level, endothelial function, hemodynamic variables, bone metabolism, and quality of life of post-bariatric patients: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Lopes, Karynne Grutter
name: das Graças Coelho de Souza, Maria
name: da Costa Tavares Bezerra, Michelle
name: Bessa, Lucas Miranda
name: Farinatti, Paulo
name: Bouskela, Eliete
name: Madeira, Miguel
name: Kraemer-Aguiar, Luiz Guilherme
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Ethics committee approval letter.
Defining Coherent Vortices Objectively from the Vorticity
Creators: name: Haller, George
name: Hadjighasem, Alireza
name: Farazmand, Mohammad
name: Huhn, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices are formed by tubes of deforming fluid elements that complete equal bulk material rotation relative to the mean rotation of the deforming fluid volume. We show that initial positions of such tubes coincide with tubular level surfaces of the Lagrangian-Averaged Vorticity Deviation (LAVD), the trajectory integral of the normed difference of the vorticity from its spatial mean. LAVD-based vortices are objective, i.e., remain unchanged under time-dependent rotations and translations of the coordinate frame. In the limit of vanishing Rossby numbers in geostrophic flows, cyclonic LAVD vortex centers are precisely the observed attractors for light particles. A similar result holds for heavy particles in anticyclonic LAVD vortices. We also establish a relationship between rotationally coherent Lagrangian vortices and their instantaneous Eulerian counterparts. The latter are formed by tubular surfaces of equal material rotation rate, objectively measured by the Instantaneous Vorticity Deviation (IVD). We illustrate the use of the LAVD and the IVD to detect rotationally coherent Lagrangian and Eulerian vortices objectively in several two- and three-dimensional flows.
JAMESfocus 2013 : Wirksamkeit von Medienkompetenz-Kursen
Creators: name: Genner, Sarah
name: Willemse, Isabel
name: Waller, Gregor
name: Süss, Daniel
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2013
Subjects: Wirksamkeit
Medienkompetenz-Kurse
Medienpädagogik
James-Studie
James-Focus
302: Soziale Interaktion
305: Personengruppen (Alter, Herkunft, Geschlecht, Einkommen)

description: Forschungsschwerpunkt Medienpsychologie, 2013
Chaotic Dispersal of Tidal Debris
Creators: name: Price-Whelan, Adrian M.
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Valluri, Monica
name: Pearson, Sarah
name: Kupper, Andreas H. W.
name: Hogg, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several long, dynamically cold stellar streams have been observed around the Milky Way Galaxy, presumably formed from the tidal disruption of globular clusters. In integrable potentials---where all orbits are regular---tidal debris phase-mixes close to the orbit of the progenitor system. However, the Milky Way's dark matter halo is expected not to be fully integrable; an appreciable fraction of orbits will be chaotic. This paper examines the influence of chaos on the phase-space morphology of cold tidal streams. Streams even in weakly chaotic regions look very different from those in regular regions. We find that streams can be sensitive to chaos on a much shorter time-scale than any standard prediction (from the Lyapunov or frequency-diffusion times). For example, on a weakly chaotic orbit with a chaotic timescale predicted to be $>$1000 orbital periods ($>$1000 Gyr), the resulting stellar stream is, after just a few 10's of orbits, substantially more diffuse than any formed on a nearby but regular orbit. We find that the enhanced diffusion of the stream stars can be understood by looking at the variance in orbital frequencies of orbit ensembles centered around the parent (progenitor) orbit. Our results suggest that long, cold streams around our Galaxy must exist only on regular (or very nearly regular) orbits; they potentially provide a map of the regular regions of the Milky Way potential. This suggests a promising new direction for the use of tidal streams to constrain the distribution of dark matter around our Galaxy.
description: 46 pages, 14 figures, publshed in MNRAS
title: Fractures in Children: What radiologists need to know
Creators: name: Bolina, Marina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Paediatric
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Trauma

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To provide a practice-based overview of fracture diagnosis in...
Swelling of nuclei embedded in neutron-gas and consequences for fusion
Creators: name: Umar, A. S.
name: Oberacker, V. E.
name: Horowitz, C. J.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
name: Maruhn, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fusion of very neutron rich nuclei may be important to determine the composition and heating of the crust of accreting neutron stars. We present an exploratory study of the effect of the neutron-gas environment on the structure of nuclei and the consequences for pycnonuclear fusion cross-sections in the neutron drip region. We studied the formation and properties of Oxygen and Calcium isotopes embedded in varying neutron-gas densities. We observe that the formed isotope is the drip-line nucleus for the given effective interaction. Increasing the neutron-gas density leads to the swelling of the nuclear density. We have used these densities to study the effect of this swelling on the fusion cross-sections using the São-Paulo potential. At high neutron-gas densities the cross-section is substantially increased but at lower densities the modification is minimal.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Strengthening Surgery Strengthens Health Systems: A New Paradigm and Potential Pathway for Horizontal Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Creators: name: Chichom Mefire, A.
name: Krishnaswami, S.
name: Swaroop, M.
name: Ziad, S.C.
name: Yang, G.P.
name: Monono, M.E.
name: Juillard, C.
name: Holterman, A.-X.L.
name: Jawa, R.S.
name: Rickard, J.
name: Nwomeh, B.C.
name: Christie, S.A.
name: Jayaraman, S.
name: Etoundi Mballa, G.A.
name: Charles, A.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Global health is transitioning toward a focus on building strong and sustainable health systems in developing countries; however, resources, funding, and agendas continue to concentrate on “vertical” (disease-based) improvements in care. Surgical care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) requires the development of health systems infrastructure and can be considered an indicator of overall system readiness. Improving surgical care provides a scalable gateway to strengthen health systems in multiple domains. In this position paper by the Society of University Surgeons’ Committee on Global Academic Surgery, we propose that health systems development appropriately falls within the purview of the academic surgeon. Partnerships between academic surgical institutions and societies from high-income and resource-constrained settings are needed to strengthen advocacy and funding efforts and support development of training and research in LMICs.
(101641) Frederick Pring Robjent
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Sex Disparities in Access to Surgical Care at a Single Institution in Malawi
Creators: name: Grudziak, J.
name: Wren, S.M.
name: Reid, T.D.
name: Maine, R.
name: Kajombo, C.
name: Charles, A.G.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: There is a paucity of data regarding sex-based disparities in surgical care delivery, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study sought to determine whether sex disparities are present among patients presenting with surgical conditions in Malawi. Hypothesis compared to men, fewer women present to Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) with peritonitis and have longer delays in presentation for definitive care. Methods: This study performs a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all general surgery patients with peritonitis presenting to KCH in Lilongwe, Malawi, from September 2013 to April 2016. Multivariable linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the effect of sex on mortality, length of stay, operative intervention, complications, and time to presentation. Results: Of 462 patients presenting with general surgery conditions and peritonitis, 68.8% were men and 31.2% were women. After adjustments, women had significantly higher odds of non-operative management when compared to men (OR 2.17, 95%CI 1.30–3.62, P = 0.003), delays in presentation (adjusted mean difference 136 h, 95%CI 100–641, P = 0.05), delays to operation (adjusted mean difference 1.91 days, 95%CI 1.12–3.27, P = 0.02), and longer lengths of stay (adjusted mean difference 1.67 days, 95%CI 1.00–2.80, P = 0.05). There were no differences in complications or in-hospital or Emergency Department mortality. Conclusion: Sex disparities exist within the general surgery population at KCH in Lilongwe, Malawi. Fewer women present with surgical problems, and women experience delays in presentation, longer lengths of stay, and undergo fewer operations. Future studies to determine mortality in the community and driving factors of sex disparities will provide more insight.
Elementary Andreev Processes in a Driven Superconductor-Normal Metal Contact
Creators: name: Belzig, Wolfgang
name: Vanevic, Mihajlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the full counting statistics of a voltage-driven normal metal(N)-superconductor(S) contact. In the low-bias regime below the superconducting gap, the NS contact can be mapped onto a purely normal contact, albeit with doubled voltage and counting fields. Hence in this regime the transport characteristics can be obtained by the corresponding substitution of the normal metal results. The elementary processes are single Andreev transfers and electron- and hole-like Andreev transfers. Considering Lorentzian voltage pulses we find an optimal quantization for half-integer Levitons.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the special issue in memory of Markus B\"uttiker, accepted at Physica E
title: Pulmonary infections in paediatric HIV: Imaging spectrum
Creators: name: goel, vishal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: AIDS

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a syndrome complex caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and profound immune deficiency is the hallmark of AIDS. (1) Children represent approximately 2% of the reported cases of human...
Additional file 1 of Translation and validation of the Hungarian Version of the infection control standardized questionnaire: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Hammoud, Sahar
name: Amer, Faten
name: Khatatbeh, Haitham
name: Alfatafta, Huda
name: Zrínyi, Miklós
name: Kocsis, Béla
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) trials of the Infection Control Standardized Questionnaire (ICSQ).
PREGNANT WOMEN'S AWARENESS, PERCEPTION, AND ACCEPTABILITY OF COVID-19 VACCINE ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINICS IN BHARATPUR, NEPAL
Creators: name: Dhakal, Radha
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: COVID-19; factors; pregnant women; Nepal and vaccine acceptance

description: Background: Vaccine is the cost-effective and reliable public health intervention to combat the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccination is considered safe and effective at any stage of pregnancy; however, pregnant women show more vaccine hesitation than the general population. This study aims to assess pregnant women's awareness, perception, and acceptabil-ity of COVID-19 vaccine attending antenatal clinics. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional analytical study design was used to assess the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and associated factors among pregnant women between Feb-1 to March-30 -2022 at antenatal clinics of Bharatpur Chitwan using systematic random sampling. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from 644 respondents. Collected data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics like the Pearson chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was found to be 22 % and ethnicity (AOR =1.826; 95% CI = 1.215-2.745) , education level (AOR=1.773; 95%CI= 1.025-3,068; ), history of COVID-19 infection (AOR =3.63 ;95% CI=1.323-9.956;) ,number of child (AOR= 5.021; 95% CI 1.989-12.677; ), trimester (week of pregnancy) (AOR=2.437; 95% CI 1.107-5.366 ) and level of perception (AOR= 2.152; 95% CI 1.109-4.178) were found to be statistically significant for acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant mother. Conclusions: In this study, low levels of vaccine acceptance were found. Several influential factors like occupation, history of COVID-19 infection, number of pregnancies, week of gesta-tion, and level of attitude were found to be significant for acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women. Everyone needs vaccine acceptance to get herd immunity and reduce the COVID-19 infection. But Vaccine hesitancy is one of the significant threats to the COVID-19 rollout and successful pandemic mitigation. Therefore, properly disseminating information and removing misperceptions about the COVID-19 vaccine is necessary to raise the acceptance
Complications and 3-month outcomes of children with hydrocephalus treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunts in Malawi
Creators: name: Maine, R.G.
name: Grudziak, J.
name: Msiska, N.
name: Quinsey, C.
name: Rodriguez-Ormaza, N.
name: Reid, T.
name: Charles, A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Year: 2019

description: OBJECTIVE Hydrocephalus is the most common pediatric neurosurgical condition, with a high prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Untreated, hydrocephalus leads to neurological disability or death. The epidemiology and outcomes of hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts in Sub-Saharan Africa are not well defined and vary by region. The aim of the present study was to examine the mortality and morbidity rates and predictors of mortality in children treated by VP shunt placement for hydrocephalus at Kamuzu Central Hospital in Lilongwe, Malawi. METHODS This is a prospective study of 100 consecutive children presenting with hydrocephalus who were treated with VP shunt placement from January 2015 to August 2017. Demographics, nutritional status, maternal characteristics, developmental delay, shunt complications, readmissions, and in-hospital and 3-month mortality data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of death within 3 months of surgery. RESULTS Overall, 46% of participants were female, with an average age of 5.4 ± 3.7 months at the time of surgery. The majority of patients were term deliveries (87.8%) and were not malnourished (72.9%). Only 10.8% of children were diagnosed with meningitis before admission. In-hospital and 3-month mortality rates were 5.5% and 32.1%, respectively. The only significant association with mortality was maternal age, with older maternal age demonstrating decreased odds of 3-month mortality (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.0, p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Surgical management of hydrocephalus with VP shunts portends a high mortality rate in Malawi. The association of younger maternal age with mortality is likely a proxy for social determinants, which appear to contribute as much to mortality as patient factors. VP shunting is inadequate as a sole surgical management of hydrocephalus in resource-limited settings.
title: Minimum-phase renal dynamic CT for the comprehensive preoperative assessment of robotic partial nephrectomy using 3rd generation dual-source dual-energy CT
Creators: name: Takahashi, Satoru
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Kv imaging
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: CT
subject: Kidney

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Backgrounds Detailed anatomical assessments of the renal arteries, veins and the collecting systems are now vital for the preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic surgery, especially in robotic partial nephrectomy (1)(2)(3). As sufficient vascular...
Etiology of major limb amputations at a tertiary care centre in Malawi
Creators: name: Grudziak, J.
name: Young, S.
name: Melhado, C.
name: Cairns, B.
name: Mukuzunga, C.
name: Charles, A.
name: Banza, L.
Publisher: name: Malawi Medical Journal
Year: 2019

description: Introduction Amputations in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) represent an important cause of disability and economic hardship. LMIC patients are young and suffer from preventable causes, such as trauma and trauma-related infections. We herein studied the etiology in amputations in a Malawian tertiary care hospital over a 9-year period. Methods Operative and anaesthesia logs at Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi, were reviewed for 2008–2016. Baseline demographic and clinical variables and type of amputation performed were collected. Only major limb amputations, defined as above or below the knee, above or below the elbow, and above the wrist, were included in this study. Results A total of 610 patients underwent 630 major amputations during the study period. Of these, 170 (27%) patients were female, and the median age of the cohort was 39 (interquartile range [IQR] 25–55). Of these patients, 345 (54.8%) had infection or gangrene recorded among the indications for amputation, 203 (32.2%) had trauma, 94 (14.9%) had cancer and 67 (10.6%) had documented diabetes. Women underwent diabetes-related amputations more often than men (37 out of 67, or 56.1%), and were significantly younger when their amputations were due to diabetes (median age 48 vs 53 years old, P=0.004) or trauma (median age 21 vs 30 years old, P=0.02). The commonest operative procedures were below the knee amputations, at 271 (43%), and above the knee amputations, at 213 (33.8%). Conclusion Amputations in Malawi affect primarily the young, in the most economically productive time of their lives, in contrast to amputees in high-income countries. Preventable causes, such as infection and trauma, lead to the majority of amputations. These etiologies represent an important primary prevention target for public health efforts in LMICs.
FFLO strange metal and quantum criticality in two dimensions: theory and application to organic superconductors
Creators: name: Piazza, Francesco
name: Zwerger, Wilhelm
name: Strack, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasing the spin imbalance in superconductors can spatially modulate the gap by forming Cooper pairs with finite momentum. For large imbalances compared to the Fermi energy, the inhomogeneous FFLO superconductor ultimately becomes a normal metal. There is mounting experimental evidence for this scenario in 2D organic superconductors in large in-plane magnetic fields; this is complemented by ongoing efforts to realize this scenario in coupled tubes of atomic Fermi gases with spin imbalance. Yet, a theory for the phase transition from a metal to an FFLO superconductor has not been developed so far and the universality class has remained unknown. Here we propose and analyze a spin imbalance driven quantum critical point between a 2D metal and an FFLO phase in anisotropic electron systems. We derive the effective action for electrons and bosonic FFLO pairs at this quantum phase transition. Using this action, we predict non-Fermi liquid behavior and the absence of quasi-particles at a discrete set of hot spots on the Fermi surfaces. This results in strange power-laws in thermodynamics and response functions, which are testable with existing experimental set-ups on 2D organic superconductors and may also serve as signatures of the elusive FFLO phase itself. The proposed universality class is distinct from previously known quantum critical metals and, because its critical fluctuations appear already in the pairing channel, a promising candidate for naked metallic quantum criticality over extended temperature ranges.
description: 3+1 figures
Die Rolle digitaler Medien in der Gesundheitskommunikation : Entwicklung einer Online-Entscheidungshilfe für Betroffene mit Prostatakarzinom
Creators: name: Wieber, Frank
name: Dahinden, Urs
name: Hess, Tanja
name: Alt, Sharon
name: Steiner, Felix
name: Zwahlen, Daniel
name: Strebel, Räto
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2020
Subjects: Prostatakarzinom
Entscheidungshilfe
Therapie
Online-Applikation
302.2: Kommunikation
616: Innere Medizin und Krankheiten

description: Prostatakrebs ist der häufigste Krebs bei Männern in der Schweiz. Die Entscheidungsfindung nach der Diagnose eines lokalisierten Prostatakarzinoms ist komplex. Verschiedene Optionen – wie die aktive Überwachung, Strahlentherapie oder Operation – mit unterschiedlichen Vor- und Nachteilen stehen zur Auswahl. Zusätzlich haben Patienten unterschiedliche individuelle Informationsbedürfnisse. 

Online-Applikationen bieten im Vergleich mit klassischen Printbroschüren vielfältigere Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten, um dieser Situation gerecht zu werden. So zeigen aktuelle Überblicksarbeiten, dass Online-Entscheidungshilfen den Patienten bei der Vorbereitung auf die Konsultation helfen, die Empfehlungen ihres Arztes zu ergänzen, zu bestätigen und/oder in Frage zu stellen. 

Aktuell fehlt eine solche Online-Entscheidungshilfe zur Unterstützung der Therapieauswahl für Männer mit lokalisiertem Prostatakarzinom. Aufbauend auf einen bereits evaluierten Prototyp stellt das aktuelle Projekt daher die Entwicklung einer Online-Entscheidungshilfe, ihre mögliche Integration in die medizinische Versorgung und ihren erwarteten Nutzen vor.
Effect of in-hospital delays on surgical mortality for emergency general surgery conditions at a tertiary hospital in Malawi
Creators: name: Gallaher, J.R.
name: Kajombo, C.
name: Reid, T.D.
name: Purcell, L.
name: Maine, R.G.
name: Charles, A.G.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2019

description: Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, surgical access is limited by an inadequate surgical workforce, lack of infrastructure and decreased care-seeking by patients. Delays in treatment can result from delayed presentation (pre-hospital), delays in transfer (intrafacility) or after arrival at the treating centre (in-hospital delay; IHD). This study evaluated the effect of IHD on mortality among patients undergoing emergency general surgery and identified factors associated with IHD. Methods: Utilizing Malawi's Kamuzu Central Hospital Emergency General Surgery database, data were collected prospectively from September 2013 to November 2017. Included patients had a diagnosis considered to warrant urgent or emergency intervention for surgery. Bivariable analysis and Poisson regression modelling was done to determine the effect of IHD (more than 24 h) on mortality, and identify factors associated with IHD. Results: Of 764 included patients, 281 (36·8 per cent) had IHDs. After adjustment, IHD (relative risk (RR) 1·68, 95 per cent c.i. 1·01 to 2·78; P = 0·045), generalized peritonitis (RR 4·49, 1·69 to 11·95; P = 0·005) and gastrointestinal perforation (RR 3·73, 1·25 to 11·08; P = 0·018) were associated with a higher risk of mortality. Female sex (RR 1·33, 1·08 to 1·64; P = 0·007), obtaining any laboratory results (RR 1·58, 1·29 to 1·94; P < 0·001) and night-time admission (RR 1·59, 1·32 to 1·90; P < 0·001) were associated with an increased risk of IHD after adjustment. Conclusion: IHDs were associated with increased mortality. Increased staffing levels and operating room availability at tertiary hospitals, especially at night, are needed.
title: Diagnostic evaluation of articular cartilage of the knee joint value of adding T2 mapping sequence to a routine magnetic resonance imaging protocol
Creators: name: Abubacker Sulaiman, Farook
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Athletic injuries

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Hyaline cartilage defects are one of the causes of knee pain. Articular cartilage pathology may be the result of degeneration or due to acute injury. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive technique for the evaluation of degenerative...
Obstetric admissions and outcomes in an intensive care unit in Malawi
Creators: name: Charles, A.
name: Aagaard, K.
name: Prin, M.
name: Kadyaudzu, C.
Publisher: name: Churchill Livingstone
Year: 2019

description: Background: Despite international commitment to Millennium Development Goal 5, maternal mortality remains high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of sub-Saharan Africa. This is in part due to infrastructure gaps, including availability of intensive care units (ICUs). We sought to use obstetric ICU utilization as a marker of severe maternal morbidity and provide an initial characterization of its relationship with in-hospital mortality. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study of all obstetric subjects admitted to the ICU of Kamuzu Central Hospital in Malawi from September 2016 to March 2018. We reviewed charts at the time of ICU admission to assess the indication for admission, clinical characteristics and laboratory values. Subjects were followed until death or discharge. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results: One-hundred-and-five obstetric patients were admitted to the study ICU (23% of all admissions). The median age was 26 years. The majority (79%) had undergone recent surgery; 40 (52%) an abdominal postnatal or cesarean hysterectomy and 31 (40%) a cesarean delivery without hysterectomy. Ninety-five percent required mechanical ventilation and 48% required vasopressors. Overall in-hospital mortality was 49%. Conclusions: The proportion of obstetric subjects admitted to the ICU in Malawi is nearly 1 in 4, which exceeds that found in high-income countries by orders of magnitude. Intensive care unit admission was associated with high mortality in this population. Investments in improving infrastructure and care gaps may include addressing available ICU bed and blood-banking needs, and increasing the number of providers trained in managing critical illness among obstetric patients.
Extending the lifetime of mobile devices to reduce their environmental impact : a glimpse on the project LIFESAVING
Creators: name: Jobin, Marilou
name: Külling, Céline
name: Jattke, Marleen
name: Blumer, Yann
Publisher: name: BFH-Zentrum Digital Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: 363: Umwelt- und Sicherheitsprobleme

description: Mobile Internet-enabled devices (MIEDs) such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets have become a crucial part of our lives. However, the environmental impact of MIEDs is significant and expected to increase markedly in the years to come due to the growing number of devices sold every year. Their main impacts, be it on climate change or material resource use, arise during the production phase. Using MIEDs longer can, consequently, curb demand for new devices and hence contribute to a significant reduction of the ecological footprint of our digitalised society. Considering that many devices that are replaced are still functional, extending the lifetime of devices seems to be expedient.
title: Validation of an age-adjusted D-dimer threshold for exclusion of pulmonary embolism in emergency department patients
Creators: name: Piątek, Dominika
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pulmonary vessels
subject: Emergency
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The current standard threshold of D-dimer in detecting pulmonary embolism (PE) in the whole population is 500 ng/ml [1]. However, D-dimer concentration increase with age, which leads to a low specificity of conventional D-dimer cut-off value in...
title: Feasibility of a novel motion correction algorithm for free breathing chest scan in conventional CT
Creators: name: Lee, Duhgoon
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Image registration
subject: Artifacts
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: CT
subject: Lung
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: During a typical chest CT scan, patients are requested to hold their breath to acquire optimal image quality. However, some patients cannot control their breath especially when they are unconscious, too young, or suffering from severe lung...
The impact of beam deconvolution on noise properties in CMB measurements: Application to Planck LFI
Creators: name: Keihänen, E.
name: Kiiveri, K.
name: Lindholm, V.
name: Reinecke, M.
name: Suur-Uski, A. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the effects of beam deconvolution on noise properties in CMB measurements. The analysis is built around the artDeco beam deconvolver code. We derive a low-resolution noise covariance matrix that describes the residual noise in deconvolution products, both in harmonic and pixel space. The matrix models the residual correlated noise that remains in time-ordered data after destriping, and the effect of deconvolution on it. To validate the results, we generate noise simulations that mimic the data from the Planck LFI instrument. A $χ^2$ test for the full 70 GHz covariance in multipole range $\ell=0-50$ yields a mean reduced $χ^2$ of 1.0037. We compare two destriping options, full and independent destriping, when deconvolving subsets of available data. Full destriping leaves substantially less residual noise, but leaves data sets intercorrelated. We derive also a white noise covariance matrix that provides an approximation of the full noise at high multipoles, and study the properties on high-resolution noise in pixel space through simulations.
description: 22 pages, 25 figures
(101637) George Robjent
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Cholecystectomy Vs. Cholecystostomy for the Management of Acute Cholecystitis in Elderly Patients
Creators: name: Schlottmann, F.
name: Strassle, P.D.
name: Charles, A.G.
name: Gaber, C.
name: Patti, M.G.
Publisher: name: Springer New York LLC
Year: 2019

description: Background: Data comparing outcomes following cholecystectomy and cholecystostomy tube placement (CTP) in elderly patients are lacking. We aimed to compare the post-procedural outcomes between cholecystectomy and CTP in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective, population-based analysis using the National Inpatient Sample for the period 2000–2014. Patients ≥ 65 years old admitted with a primary diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and who underwent either cholecystectomy or CTP during their hospitalization were included. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to analyze post-procedural complications, mortality, length of stay, and total charges. The effect of procedure type on patient outcomes, stratified by acalculous and calculous cholecystitis, was also performed. Results: A total of 200,915 patients were included, of which 7516 underwent CTP and 193,399 underwent cholecystectomy. The median age of patients undergoing CTP and cholecystectomy was 80 (IQR 73–87) and 75 (IQR 70–81), respectively. Patients undergoing CTP were more likely to have post-procedural infection (OR 2.25; 95% CI 2.07, 2.45), bleeding (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.19, 1.37), and inpatient mortality (OR 9.27; 95% CI 7.95, 10.81). On average, CTP patients stayed 1.25 days longer (95% CI 1.14, 1.37) in hospital after the procedure. The benefits of cholecystectomy were consistent in patients with acalculous and calculous cholecystitis. Conclusions: Elderly patients with both acalculous and calculous acute cholecystitis managed with CTP have higher incidences of post-procedural morbidity and mortality, and longer post-procedure length of hospital stay, as compared to cholecystectomy. Unless prohibitive surgical risks exist, elderly patients with acute cholecystitis should undergo cholecystectomy.
THE NOVEL MITOCHONDRIAL REGULATOR ZC3H10 CONTROLS THE WHITE ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION PROGRAM
Creators: name: PEDRETTI, SILVIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2020

description: Mitochondria play a crucial role in many cellular processes, and they are essential organelles for the cell?s health. Beside their contribution to energy production, they are key regulators of tissue development and cell differentiation. In this context, a new mitochondrial regulator, zinc finger CCCH-type containing 10 (Zc3h10) protein has been recently discovered, and we validated its role during white adipocytes differentiation. The commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to pre-adipocytes is stimulated by hormonal induction. During adipocytes differentiation, pre-adipocytes undergo blunted protein synthesis, cytoskeleton remodeling and increased mitochondrial function to support anabolic pathways. All these molecular changes enable differentiation into mature adipocytes. We found that Zc3h10 is a critical regulator of the early stages of adipogenesis. Indeed, Zc3h10 depletion in pre-adipocytes resulted in increased protein translation and impaired filamentous (F)-actin remodeling, thus resulting in mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction, incorrect mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), impaired lipid accumulation and terminal differentiation. In contrast, Zc3h10 overexpression yielded mature adipocytes with remarkably increased lipid droplet size. Overall, our results establish Zc3h10 as a fundamental pro-adipogenic transcription factor that represses protein synthesis and promotes F-actin/mitochondria dynamics to ensure proper energy metabolism, MCE and favor lipid accumulation to allow final adipocytes differentiation.
title: Radiologic findings in microcephaly associated with Zyka Virus.
Creators: name: Pereira, Fábio
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Paediatric
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection
subject: Congenital
subject: Obstetrics

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To demonstrate the imaging findings related to congenital Zika virus infection in the CNS by different imaging methods - transcranial ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging...