cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mass Determination in Cascade Decays Using Shape Formulas
Creators: name: Gjelsten, B. K.
name: Miller, D. J.
name: Osland, P.
name: Raklev, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In SUSY scenarios with invisible LSP, sparticle masses can be determined from fits to the endpoints of invariant mass distributions. Here we discuss possible improvements by using the shapes of the distributions. Positive results are found for multiple-minima situations and for mass regions where the endpoints do not contain sufficient information to obtain the masses.
description: to appear in Proceedings of SUSY06, the 14th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions, UC Irvine, California, 12-17 June 2006
Effect of ageing on the properties of the W-containing IRIS-TiAl alloy
Creators: name: Couret, Alain
name: Reyes, David
name: Thomas, Marc
name: Ratel-Ramond, Nicolas
name: Deshayes, Christophe
name: Monchoux, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of ageing at 800 $^\circ$C on the properties of the IRIS alloy (Ti$_{49.9}$Al$_{48}$W$_2$B$_{0.1}$) are studied. The initial microstructure of this alloy densified by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is mainly composed of lamellar colonies which are surrounded by $γ$ grains. The evolutions of the alloy strength and creep resistance resulting from this ageing treatment are measured by the related mechanical tests. The microstructural changes are investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopies and by X-ray diffraction. The main structural evolutions consist in a shrinkage of the lamellar areas and in a precipitation of $β_0$ phase, which is accompanied by a moderate segregation of tungsten and a decrease of the $α_2$ lamellar width. However, these evolutions are relatively limited and the microstructural stability is found to result mainly from the low diffusivity of tungsten. Conversely, a moderate effect of this ageing treatment on mechanical properties, at room and high temperatures, is measured. Such experimental results are interpreted and discussed in terms of the microstructural evolutions and of the deformation mechanisms which are activated at different temperatures under various solicitations.
Out of equilibrium chiral higher order topological insulator on a $π$-flux square lattice
Creators: name: Bhat, Ruchira V
name: Bera, Soumya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the hallmarks of bulk topology is the existence of robust boundary localized states. For instance, a conventional $d$ dimensional topological system hosts $d{-}1$ dimensional surface modes, which are protected by non-spatial symmetries. Recently, this idea has been extended to higher order topological phases with boundary modes that are localized in lower dimensions such as in the corners or in one dimensional hinges of the system. In this work, we demonstrate that a higher order topological phase can be engineered in a nonequilibrium state when the time-independent model does not possess any symmetry protected topological states. The higher order topology is protected by an emerging chiral symmetry, which is generated through the Floquet driving. Using both the exact numerical method and an effective high-frequency Hamiltonian obtained from the Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory, we verify the emerging topological phase on a $π$-flux square lattice. We show that the localized corner modes in our model are robust against a chiral symmetry preserving perturbation and can be classified as `extrinsic' higher order topological phase. Finally, we identify a two dimensional topological invariant from the winding number of the corresponding sublattice symmetric one dimensional model. The latter model belongs to class AIII of ten-fold symmetry classification of topological matter.
description: 8+4 pages, 7+2 figures
Nonequilibrium Steady States and MacLennan-Zubarev Ensembles in a Quantum Junction System
Creators: name: Tasaki, Shuichi
name: Takahashi, Junko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a recent progress in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of infinitely extended quantum systems, a nonequlibrium steady state (NESS) is constructed for a single-level quantum dot interacting with two free reservoirs under less general but more practically useful conditions than the previous works. As an example, a model of an Ahoronov-Bohm ring with a quantum dot is studied in detail. Then, NESS is shown to be regarded as a MacLennan-Zubarev ensemble. A formal relation between response and correlation at NESS is derived as well.
description: submitted to Progress of Theoretical Physics
The role of gonadal steroid hormones in the sexual behaviour of male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Creators: name: Colwell, Richard H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effect of exogenously administered steroid hormones on the spawning behaviour of hatchery-raised and wild-stock male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) was investigated to determine if male sexual behaviour could be reinstated in castrated individuals. The study with the hatchery-raised fish investigated the effects of silastic implants of testosterone (T), 11-ketoandrostenedione (KA), and a combination of both on the spawning behaviour of castrated rainbow trout in the presence of actively nesting females. Blood samples taken from the males confirmed that the implants raised the plasma levels of the corresponding hormones. Intact males that received an empty implant showed the highest levels of spawning behaviour, followed by those implanted with K A . Males implanted with T and T+KA showed the same levels of behaviour as the castrated controls. Further treatment of the T, K A , and T+KA males with an injection of 17a,20|3-dihydroxy-4-pregen-3-one (P) indicated that P may facilitate the effect of K A on male spawning behaviour. The KA+P group of males exhibited spawning behaviour (attending) as intense as the sham-operated males. A pilot study using injections of salmon pituitary extract did not reinstate spawning behaviours. Treatment of intact males with a prostaglandin inhibitor, indomethacin (IM), had no effect on spawning behaviour. When castrated, wild-caught males were paired with nesting females 3,7, and 10 days after gonadectomy, no differences in spawning behaviours were found when compared with intact males. Treatment of intact males with cyproterone acetate (CYA), an androgen receptor blocker, reduced quiver response 10 days after administration, supporting the hypthesis that androgens play a causal role between androgens and male sexual behaviour. Castrated males were implanted with silastic capsules of K A or solid elastomer pellets containing P. There were no differences in the responses of the gonadectomized controls and the P males. K A males showed a higher level of quivering than the gonadectomized controls, and attending levels similar to those found for the intact controls. The highest level of quivering was found in the K A males following treatment of the groups with pituitary extract. The results of the experiments involving both hatchery-raised and wild-stock male rainbow trout indicate that K T plays a causal role in the maintenance of spawning behaviour
A bialgebra theory for transposed Poisson algebras via anti-pre-Lie bialgebras and anti-pre-Lie-Poisson bialgebras
Creators: name: Liu, Guilai
name: Bai, Chengming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17A36, 17A40, 17B10, 17B38, 17B40, 17B60, 17B63, 17D25

description: The approach for Poisson bialgebras characterized by Manin triples with respect to the invariant bilinear forms on both the commutative associative algebras and the Lie algebras is not available for giving a bialgebra theory for transposed Poisson algebras. Alternatively, we consider Manin triples with respect to the commutative 2-cocycles on the Lie algebras instead. Explicitly, we first introduce the notion of anti-pre-Lie bialgebras as the equivalent structure of Manin triples of Lie algebras with respect to the commutative 2-cocycles. Then we introduce the notion of anti-pre-Lie Poisson bialgebras, characterized by Manin triples of transposed Poisson algebras with respect to the bilinear forms which are invariant on the commutative associative algebras and commutative 2-cocycles on the Lie algebras, giving a bialgebra theory for transposed Poisson algebras. Finally the coboundary cases and the related structures such as analogues of the classical Yang-Baxter equation and $\mathcal O$-operators are studied.
description: 34 pages
A universal shape of empirical mass formula for all leptons and quarks
Creators: name: Krolikowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A specific universal shape of empirical mass formula is proposed for all leptons $ν_1, ν_2, ν_3$ and $e^-, μ^-, τ^- $ as well as all quarks $u, c, t$ and $d, s, b$ of three generations, parametrized by three free constants $ μ, ε, ξ$ assuming four different triplets of values. Four such triplets of parameter values are determined or estimated from the present data. Mass spectra in the four cases are related to each other by shifting the triplet of parameters $ μ, ε, ξ$. For charged leptons $ξ\simeq 0$ (but probably $ξ\neq 0$). If for them $ξ$ is put to be exactly 0, then $m_τ= 1776.80$ MeV is predicted after the input of experimental $m_e$ and $m_μ$ (the central value of experimental $m_τ= 1776.99^{+0.29}_{-0.26}$ MeV corresponds to $ ξ=1.8\times 10^{-3}\neq 0$). For neutrinos $1/ξ\simeq 0$ (but $1/ξ\neq 0$ in the case of normal hierarchy $m^2_{ν_1} \ll m^2_{ν_2} \ll m^2_{ν_3}$). If for neutrinos $1/ξ$ is conjectured to be exactly 0, then $(m_{ν_1}, m_{ν_2}, m_{ν_3}) \sim (1.5, 1.2, 5.1)\times 10^{-2}$ eV are predicted after the input of experimental estimates $|m^2_{ν_2} - m^2_{ν_1}| \sim 8.0\times 10^{-5} {\rm eV}^2$ and $|m^2_{ν_3} - m^2_{ν_2}| \sim 2.4\times 10^{-3} {\rm eV}^2$. Thus, the mass ordering of neutrino states 1 and 2 is then inverted, while the position of state 3 is normal.
description: 16 pages
An analysis of the effect of the Free Trade Agreement on profitability in the British Columbia wine industry
Creators: name: Ross, Kimberly J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The 1988 Canada - United States Free Trade Agreement and GATT decision radically altered the trading regime between the two countries. Historically wellinsulated from a competitive environment, there was concern that the British Columbia wine industry would not be able to compete under the new trading rules outlined within the Free Trade Agreement and resulting from the GATT decision that once imported, all products were to be afforded national treatment. This study was undertaken to determine whether or not the industry is better off under the Free Trade Agreement with respect to profits and the ability to compete head on with imports. A benchmark situation covering producer organization/market structure, prices, production and profitability portrays an industry prior to the Free Trade Agreement that is profitable, however, the profitability appears to be based on the fact that the B.C. government was protecting the industry against foreign wine producers. Section 4.0 of the study outlines the trade related factors; policy and procedural changes. Details of industry policy, the FTA, GATT ruling, and interprovincial barriers are discussed with a graphical analysis of the impact of B.C.'s domestic policies on the international market. Section 5.0 studies the industry changes as a result of Section 4.0. Changes in pricing, production (domestic and imported), industry sales and revenue, profitability and marketing strategies lead to the conclusions presented in Section 6.0. The conclusions of the analysis support the hypothesis that the B.C. wine industry is at least as profitable as it was prior to the policy changes and its growth suggests that the most profitable segments of the industry are the premium estate and farm winery segments.
Deeper but smaller: Higher-order interactions increase linear stability but shrink basins
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanzhao
name: Skardal, Per Sebastian
name: Battiston, Federico
name: Petri, Giovanni
name: Lucas, Maxime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A key challenge of nonlinear dynamics and network science is to understand how higher-order interactions influence collective dynamics. Although many studies have approached this question through linear stability analysis, less is known about how higher-order interactions shape the global organization of different states. Here, we shed light on this issue by analyzing the rich patterns supported by identical Kuramoto oscillators on hypergraphs. We show that higher-order interactions can have opposite effects on linear stability and basin stability: they stabilize twisted states (including full synchrony) by improving their linear stability, but also make them hard to find by dramatically reducing their basin size. Our results highlight the importance of understanding higher-order interactions from both local and global perspectives.
description: Published version
MARVEL: Empowering Smart Cities with Multimodal Extreme- Scale Data Analytics - EBDVF 2023
Creators: name: Ioannidis, Sotiris
name: Kopanaki, Despina
name: Kiousi, Akrivi
name: Simic, Nikola
name: Muscat, Adrian
name: Festi, Thomas
name: Kanellos, Tassos
name: Markopoulou, Stella
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: smart city
E2F2C
multimodal
EBDVF

description: This is the merged version of the presentations of the workshop titled "Empowering Smart Cities with Multimodal Extreme-Scale Data Analytics" organised by MARVEL under the European Big Data Value Forum (EBDVF 2023), a premier gathering of the European Big Data Value and Data-Driven AI Research and Innovation community. Held on October 26, 2023, the workshop was organised to unveil MARVEL's remarkable three-year journey of continuous development.
Personalized Food Recommendation as Constrained Question Answering over a Large-scale Food Knowledge Graph
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
name: Subburathinam, Ananya
name: Chen, Ching-Hua
name: Zaki, Mohammed J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Food recommendation has become an important means to help guide users to adopt healthy dietary habits. Previous works on food recommendation either i) fail to consider users' explicit requirements, ii) ignore crucial health factors (e.g., allergies and nutrition needs), or iii) do not utilize the rich food knowledge for recommending healthy recipes. To address these limitations, we propose a novel problem formulation for food recommendation, modeling this task as constrained question answering over a large-scale food knowledge base/graph (KBQA). Besides the requirements from the user query, personalized requirements from the user's dietary preferences and health guidelines are handled in a unified way as additional constraints to the QA system. To validate this idea, we create a QA style dataset for personalized food recommendation based on a large-scale food knowledge graph and health guidelines. Furthermore, we propose a KBQA-based personalized food recommendation framework which is equipped with novel techniques for handling negations and numerical comparisons in the queries. Experimental results on the benchmark show that our approach significantly outperforms non-personalized counterparts (average 59.7% absolute improvement across various evaluation metrics), and is able to recommend more relevant and healthier recipes.
description: 9 pages. Accepted by WSDM 2021. Final version
On the circum(sub)stellar environment of brown dwarfs in Taurus
Creators: name: Guieu, S.
name: Pinte, C.
name: Monin, J. -L.
name: Menard, F.
name: Fukagawa, M.
name: Padgett, D. L.
name: Noriega-Crespo, A.
name: Carey, S. J.
name: Rebull, L. M.
name: Huard, T.
name: Guedel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims : We want to investigate whether brown dwarfs (BDs) form like stars or are ejected embryos. We study the presence of disks around BDs in the Taurus cloud, and discuss implications for substellar formation models. Methods : We use photometric measurements from the visible to the far infrared to determine the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Taurus BDs. Results: We use Spitzer color indices, Halpha as an accretion indicator, and models fit to the SEDs in order to estimate physical parameters of the disks around these BDs. We study the spatial distribution of BDs with and without disks across the Taurus aggregates, and we find that BDs with and without disks are not distributed regularly across the Taurus cloud. Conclusions: We find that 48%+/- 14% of Taurus BDs have a circumstellar disk signature, a ratio similar to recent results from previous authors in other regions. We fit the SEDs and find that none of the disks around BDs in Taurus can be fitted convincingly with a flaring index beta = 0, indicating that heating by the central object is efficient and that the disks we observe retain a significant amount of gas. We find that BDs with disks are proportionally more numerous in the northern Taurus filament, possibly the youngest filament. We do not find such a clear segregation for classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) and weak-lined T Tauri stars (WTTS), suggesting that, in addition to the effects of evolution, any segregation effects could be related to the mass of the object. A by-product of our study is to propose a recalibration of the Barrado y Navascues & Martin (2003) accretion limit in the substellar domain. The global shape of the limit fits our data points if it is raised by a factor 1.25-1.30.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, A&A accepted
Electronic and Optical Properties of Ultrawide Bandgap Perovskite Semiconductors via First Principles Calculations
Creators: name: Jishi, Radi A.
name: Appleton, Robert J.
name: Guzman, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent research in ultrawide-bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors has focused on traditional materials such as Ga2O3, AlGaN, AlN, cubic BN, and diamond; however some materials exhibiting single perovskite structure have been known to yield bandgaps above 3.4 eV, such as BaZrO3. In this work we propose two novel materials to be added to the family of UWBG semiconductors: Ba2CaTeO6 exhibiting a double perovskite structure and Ba2K2Te2O9 with a triple perovskite structure. Using first principles hybrid functional calculations we predict the bandgaps of all the studied systems to be above 4.5 eV with strong optical absorption in the ultraviolet region. Furthermore, we show that holes have a tendency to get trapped through lattice distortions in the vicinity of oxygen atoms with average trapping energy of 0.25 eV,potentially preventing the enhancement of p-type conductivity through traditional chemical doping.
An HIV Feedback-Resistor: Auto-Regulatory Circuit Deactivator and Noise Buffer
Creators: name: Weinberger, Leor S.
name: Shenk, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many viruses have the cunning ability to enter a hibernative or off state, termed latency or lysogeny. When in a latent state, the virus is unable to replicate, and its gene expression program is largely shut down. This facility for lying dormant typically ensures lifelong persistence of the virus in the host; it is also a particularly problematic obstacle in the treatment of HIV. For most viruses, the molecular regulation of entry into latency is not completely understood, but it is believed that viral gene expression must be deactivated in some way. In this study, we introduce a new regulatory motif, the feedback resistor, that enables a genetic circuit to shut off without the need for an active repressor molecule. We first show that many animal viruses might encode feedback resistors in their regulatory circuits. Then, by using a combination of mathematical theory and single-cell real-time imaging experiments, we show that a feedback resistor in the HIV Tat transcriptional circuit likely allows the HIV virus to enter into latency. We postulate that feedback resistors may give increased stability and control in the complex noisy signaling environment of the cell.
description: pdf freely available online http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0050009
The influence of coordinated behavior on toxicity
Creators: name: Loru, Edoardo
name: Cinelli, Matteo
name: Tesconi, Maurizio
name: Quattrociocchi, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the intricate landscape of social media, genuine content dissemination may be altered by a number of threats. Coordinated Behavior (CB), defined as orchestrated efforts by entities to deceive or mislead users about their identity and intentions, emerges as a tactic to exploit or manipulate online discourse. This study delves into the relationship between CB and toxic conversation on X (formerly known as Twitter). Using a dataset of 11 million tweets from 1 million users preceding the 2019 UK general election, we show that users displaying CB typically disseminate less harmful content, irrespective of political affiliation. However, distinct toxicity patterns emerge among different coordinated cohorts. Compared to their non-CB counterparts, CB participants show marginally higher toxicity levels only when considering their original posts. We further show the effects of CB-driven toxic content on non-CB users, gauging its impact based on political leanings. Our findings suggest that CB only has a limited impact on the toxicity of digital discourse.
description: Please cite published version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osnem.2024.100289
Designing Xenes with Two-Dimensional Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Duan, Xu
name: Liu, Zhao
name: Hanrahan, Brendan M.
name: Zhu, Wei
name: Liu, Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Xenes, graphene-like two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental crystals with a honeycomb symmetry, have been the focus of numerous experimental and theoretical studies. In comparison, single-element 2D materials with a triangular lattice symmetry have not received due attention. Here, taking Pb as an example, we investigate the triangular-lattice monolayer made of group-IV atoms employing first-principles density functional theory calculations. The flat Pb monolayer supports a mirror-symmetry-protected spinless nodal line in the absence spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The introduction of an out-of-plane buckling creates a glide mirror, protecting an anisotropic Dirac nodal loop. Both flat and buckled Pb monolayers become topologically trivial after including SOC. A large buckling will make the Pb sheet a 2D semiconductor with symmetry-protected Dirac points below the Fermi level. The electronic structures of other group-IV triangular lattices such as Ge and Sn demonstrate strong similarity to Pb. We further design a quasi-3D crystal PbHfO$_2$ by alternately stacking Pb and 1T-HfO$_2$ monolayers. The new compound PbHfO$_2$ is dynamically stable and retains the properties of Pb monolayer. By applying epitaxial strains to PbHfO$_2$, it is possible to drive an insulator-to-metal transition coupled with an anti-ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition. Our results suggest the potential of the 2D triangular lattice as a complimentary platform to design new type of broadly-defined Xenes.
MARVEL 3rd Info Day presentation
Creators: name: Kopanaki, Despina
name: Kanellos, Tassos
name: Armengaud, Enric
name: Simic, Nikola
name: Markopoulou, Stella
name: Muscat, Adrian
name: Festi, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: smart city
E2F2C
muntimodal
info day
analytics

description: This is the merged presentation of the MARVEL 3rd Info Day, held on December 4, 2023. It was a pivotal gathering for Smart Cities professionals and enthusiasts. During this engaging online event, distinguished experts in the field showcased MARVEL's main achievements, and participants delved into the benefits of the MARVEL project, experiencing its functionalities through real-world applications.
Explicit n-descent on elliptic curves, II. Geometry
Creators: name: Cremona, John
name: Fisher, Tom
name: O'Neil, Cathy
name: Simon, Denis
name: Stoll, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05, 14H52, 14H25

description: This is the second in a series of papers in which we study the n-Selmer group of an elliptic curve. In this paper, we show how to realize elements of the n-Selmer group explicitly as curves of degree n embedded in P^{n-1}. The main tool we use is a comparison between an easily obtained embedding into P^{n^2-1} and another map into P^{n^2-1} that factors through the Segre embedding P^{n-1} x P^{n-1} --> P^{n^2-1}. The comparison relies on an explicit version of the local-to-global principle for the n-torsion of the Brauer group of the base field.
description: 24 pages
How to write a thesis? A Generative Design Graduate Studio Guidebook
Creators: name: Nourian, Pirouz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 330102
subject: Architectural design
classificationCode: 330399
subject: Design not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 330310
subject: Interaction and experience design
classificationCode: 401001
subject: Engineering design
classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified

description: This document is written to guide the graduate students aiming to work in the area of generative design and spatial complexity sciences on how to write a thesis.
How to write a thesis? A Generative Design Graduate Studio Guidebook
Creators: name: Nourian, Pirouz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 330102
subject: Architectural design
classificationCode: 330399
subject: Design not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 330310
subject: Interaction and experience design
classificationCode: 401001
subject: Engineering design
classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified

description: This document is written to guide the graduate students aiming to work in the area of generative design and spatial complexity sciences on how to write a thesis.
Robust frequency stabilization and linewidth narrowing of a laser with large intermittent frequency jumps using an optical cavity and an atomic beam
Creators: name: Lee, Won-Kyu
name: Park, Chang Yong
name: Heo, Myoung-Sun
name: Yu, Dai-Hyuk
name: Kim, Huidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimental method is developed for the robust frequency stabilization using a high-finesse cavity when the laser exhibits large intermittent frequency jumps. This is accomplished by applying an additional slow feedback signal from Doppler-free fluorescence spectroscopy in an atomic beam with increased frequency locking range. As a result, a stable and narrow-linewidth 556 nm laser maintains the frequency lock status for more than a week, and contributes to more accurate evaluation of the Yb optical lattice clock. In addition, the reference optical cavity is supported at vibration-insensitive points without any vibration isolation table, making the laser setup more simple and compact.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
New approaches to model and study social networks
Creators: name: Lind, Pedro G.
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe and develop three recent novelties in network research which are particularly useful for studying social systems. The first one concerns the discovery of some basic dynamical laws that enable the emergence of the fundamental features observed in social networks, namely the nontrivial clustering properties, the existence of positive degree correlations and the subdivision into communities. To reproduce all these features we describe a simple model of mobile colliding agents, whose collisions define the connections between the agents which are the nodes in the underlying network, and develop some analytical considerations. The second point addresses the particular feature of clustering and its relationship with global network measures, namely with the distribution of the size of cycles in the network. Since in social bipartite networks it is not possible to measure the clustering from standard procedures, we propose an alternative clustering coefficient that can be used to extract an improved normalized cycle distribution in any network. Finally, the third point addresses dynamical processes occurring on networks, namely when studying the propagation of information in them. In particular, we focus on the particular features of gossip propagation which impose some restrictions in the propagation rules. To this end we introduce a quantity, the spread factor, which measures the average maximal fraction of nearest neighbors which get in contact with the gossip, and find the striking result that there is an optimal non-trivial number of friends for which the spread factor is minimized, decreasing the danger of being gossiped.
description: 16 Pages, 9 figures
Persistence of Quantum Information
Creators: name: Schulz, Michael
name: Trimper, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is an increasing interest in the role of macroscopic environments to our understanding of the basics of quantum theory. The knowledge of the implications of the quantum theory to other theories, especially to the statistical mechanics and the domain of validity has captivated scientists from the beginning of quantum description. In such a context, the presence of an environment is commonly thought as entanglement, decohering and mixing properties of quantum system. Generically, an environment is assumed to be a noisy reservoir or a heat bath. Whereas in common interpretation of statistical mechanics the heat bath is unspecified, in quantum systems a heat bath can also provide an indirect interaction between otherwise totally decoupled subsystems and consequently a means to entangle them \cite{cdkl,dvclp,bfp}. In simple example for the entanglement between two qubits due to the interaction with a common heat bath has been explicitly shown in \cite{b}. Whereas in that paper the bath is described by a collection of harmonic oscillators, it seems to be more reasonable to specify the bath by stochastic forces represented by stochastic fields. From a more general point of view we expect the bath should be better described in a stochastic manner and not by deterministic forces. In the present paper we consider a two level system (qubits) which are able to perform flip processes by a coupling to classical stochastic fields. Thus we bridge the gap between quantum and classical probability theory. This problem is related to many other questions of quantum optics and quantum electronics where quantum statistical aspects arising from the intrinsic quantum character of the system while the possible time-dependence of system parameters may be interpreted as the influence of classical thermal fluctuations.
description: 5 pages
Position uncertainties of AGATA pulse-shape analysis estimated via the boostrapping method
Creators: name: Siciliano, M.
name: Ljungvall, J.
name: Goasduff, A.
name: Lopez-Martens, A.
name: Zielińska, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unprecedented capabilities of state-of-the-art segmented germanium-detector arrays, such as AGATA and GRETA, derive from the possibility of performing pulse-shape analysis. The comparison of the net- and transient-charge signals with databases via grid-search methods allows the identification of the $γ$-ray interaction points within the segment volume. Their precise determination is crucial for the subsequent reconstruction of the $γ$-ray paths within the array via tracking algorithms, and hence the performance of the spectrometer. In this paper the position uncertainty of the deduced interaction point is investigated using the bootstrapping technique applied to $^{60}$Co radioactive-source data. General features of the extracted position uncertainty are discussed as well as its dependence on various quantities, e.g. the deposited energy, the number of firing segments and the segment geometry.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
delta Ceti is not monoperiodic: seismic modeling of a beta Cephei star from MOST spacebased photometry
Creators: name: Aerts, C.
name: Marchenko, S. V.
name: Matthews, J. M.
name: Kuschnig, R.
name: Guenther, D. B.
name: Moffat, A. F. J.
name: Rucinski, S. M.
name: Sasselov, D.
name: Walker, G. A. H.
name: Weiss, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The beta Cephei star delta Ceti was considered one of the few monoperiodic variables in the class. Despite (or perhaps because of) its apparently simple oscillation spectrum, it has been challenging and controversial to identify this star's pulsation mode and constrain its physical parameters seismically. Broadband time-resolved photometry of delta Ceti spanning 18.7 days with a duty cycle of about 65% obtained by the MOST (Microvariability & Oscillations of STars) satellite -- the first scientific observations ever obtained by MOST -- reveals that the star is actually multiperiodic. Besides the well-known dominant frequency of f1 = 6.205886/d, we have discovered in the MOST data its first harmonic 2f1 and three other frequencies (f2 = 3.737/d, f3 = 3.673/d and f4 = 0.318/d), all detected with S/N > 4. In retrospect, f2 was also present in archival spectral line profile data but at lower S/N. We present seismic models whose modes match exactly the frequencies f1 and f2. Only one model falls within the common part of the error boxes of the star's observed surface gravity and effective temperature from photometry and spectroscopy. In this model, f1 is the radial (l = 0) first overtone and f2 is the g2 (l = 2, m = 0) mode. This model has a mass of 10.2+/-0.2 Msun and an age of 17.9+/-0.3 million years, making delta Ceti an evolved beta Cephei star. If f2 and f3 are rotationally split components of the same g2 mode, then the star's equatorial rotation velocity is either 27.6 km/s or half this value. Given its vsini of about 1 km/s, this implies we are seeing delta Ceti nearly pole-on.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal, 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
The Well-Tempered Cosmological Constant: The Horndeski Variations
Creators: name: Appleby, Stephen
name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Well tempering is one of the few classical field theory methods for solving the original cosmological constant problem, dynamically canceling a large (possibly Planck scale) vacuum energy and leaving the matter component intact, while providing a viable cosmology with late time cosmic acceleration and an end de Sitter state. We present the general constraints that variations of Horndeski gravity models with different combinations of terms must satisfy to admit an exact de Sitter spacetime that does not respond to an arbitrarily large cosmological constant. We explicitly derive several specific scalar-tensor models that well temper and can deliver a standard cosmic history including current cosmic acceleration. Stability criteria, attractor behavior of the de Sitter state, and the response of the models to pressureless matter are considered. The well tempered conditions can be used to focus on particular models of modified gravity that have special interest -- not only removing the original cosmological constant problem but providing relations between the free Horndeski functions and reducing them to a couple of parameters, suitable for testing gravity and cosmological data analysis.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Roadmaps with Gaps over Controllers: Achieving Efficiency in Planning under Dynamics
Creators: name: Sivaramakrishnan, Aravind
name: Tangirala, Sumanth
name: Granados, Edgar
name: Carver, Noah R.
name: Bekris, Kostas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9

description: This paper aims to improve the computational efficiency of motion planning for mobile robots with non-trivial dynamics through the use of learned controllers. Offline, a system-specific controller is first trained in an empty environment. Then, for the target environment, the approach constructs a data structure, a "Roadmap with Gaps," to approximately learn how to solve planning queries using the learned controller. The roadmap nodes correspond to local regions. Edges correspond to applications of the learned controller that approximately connect these regions. Gaps arise as the controller does not perfectly connect pairs of individual states along edges. Online, given a query, a tree sampling-based motion planner uses the roadmap so that the tree's expansion is informed towards the goal region. The tree expansion selects local subgoals given a wavefront on the roadmap that guides towards the goal. When the controller cannot reach a subgoal region, the planner resorts to random exploration to maintain probabilistic completeness and asymptotic optimality. The accompanying experimental evaluation shows that the approach significantly improves the computational efficiency of motion planning on various benchmarks, including physics-based vehicular models on uneven and varying friction terrains as well as a quadrotor under air pressure effects.
description: To be presented at the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2024. Website: https://prx-kinodynamic.github.io/projects/rogue
Hadronic Interaction Modelling in MINOS
Creators: name: Kordosky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation search (MINOS) uses two detectors separated by 735km to measure a beam of neutrinos created by the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) facility at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The experiment has recently reported an observation of muon-neutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. We describe the manner in which the experiment's results depend on the correct understanding and modeling of hadronic systems.
description: Presented on behalf of the MINOS collaboration at the Hadronic Shower Simulation Workshop, FNAL, September 2006
Extensive frequency response and inertia analysis under high renewable energy source integration scenarios: application to the European interconnected power system
Creators: name: Fernández-Guillamón, Ana
name: Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio
name: Molina-García, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Traditionally, power system's inertia has been estimated according to the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. However, a new generation mix scenario is currently identified, where conventional supply-side is gradually replaced by renewable sources decoupled from the grid by electronic converters (i.e., wind and photovoltaic power plants). Due to the significant penetration of such renewable generation units, the conventional grid inertia is decreasing, subsequently affecting both reliability analysis and grid stability. As a result, concepts such as 'synthetic inertia', 'hidden inertia' or 'virtual inertia', together with alternative spinning reserves, are currently under discussion to ensure power system stability and reliability. Under this new framework, an algorithm to estimate the minimum inertia needed to fulfil the ENTSO-E requirements for ROCOF values is proposed and assessed under a relevant variety of imbalanced conditions. The additional active power needed to be within the frequency dynamic range is also estimated and determined. Both inertia and additional active power can come from different sources, such as storage solutions, renewable sources decoupled from the grid including some frequency control strategies, interconnections with other grids, or a combination of them. The power system under consideration includes thermal, hydro-power plants, and renewable generation units, in line with most current and future European supply-side power systems. More than 700 generation mix scenarios are identified and simulated, varying the renewable integration, the power imbalance, and the inertia constant of conventional power plants. In fact, the solutions studied here provide important information to ease the massive integration of renewable resources, without reducing the capacity of the grid in terms of stability and response to contingencies.
The effect of outpatient cardiac education on knowledge and health promotion/protective behaviours
Creators: name: Wiens, Linda Marilyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study was conducted to determine whether first time myocardial infarction (MI) patients who participated in both hospital-based and outpatient cardiac education programs were more knowledgeable about heart disease and engaged in health promotion/protective behaviours as a way of life to a greater extent than those who participated only in a hospital-based cardiac education program. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was used for this study. The conceptual framework for this study was adapted from Hilton's (1986) Health Promotion/Protective Model. One hundred and two first time MI patients between the ages of 32 and 80 were recruited from a major teaching hospital in western Canada. Seventy-two of these subjects completed the study by answering and returning the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP) and the Heart Health Knowledge Quiz (HHKQ) in the hospital while recovering from their MI, and again four to six months later. The 25 subjects in the experimental group participated in outpatient cardiac education. The remaining 47 subjects were placed in the control group. The t-test for independent groups was performed on the posttest HHKQ scores to determine if first time MI patients who participated in outpatient cardiac education were more knowledgeable regarding heart disease and health behaviours four to six months after hospital discharge than those who did not. There was a significant increase in HHKQ total mean scores and nutrition sub-test mean scores for the experimental group at the posttest stage. The t-test for independent groups was also performed on the posttest HPLP scores to determine if first time MI patients who participated in outpatient cardiac- education engaged in health promotion/protective behaviours to a greater extent four to six months later than those who did not. No differences between the groups were found in the HPLP total scores and sub-scale scores. Other investigators found similar results in that the experimental groups did not engage in health promotion/protective behaviours as a way of life to a greater extent than the control group. These results provide direction regarding the structure of outpatient cardiac education programs. The focus of class content could be less on formal teaching on selected topics such as physical activity, and more on participation in exercises and stress-reducing activities. More discussion regarding attitudes that motivate class participants to engage in health promotion/protective behaviours is indicated from the results of this study.
Energetics of quantum correlations
Creators: name: Dillenschneider, Raoul
name: Lutz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a photo--Carnot engine that consists of a single--mode radiation field in an optical cavity. One the heat reservoirs is made of a beam of thermally entangled pairs of two--level atoms that interact resonantly with the cavity. We express the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine in terms of the quantum discord of the atomic pair and find that it can exceed its classical value. Our results show that useful work can be extracted from quantum correlations, indicating that the latter are a valuable resource in quantum thermodynamics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Title and introduction modified
X-Ray Polarization of Solar Flares Measured with Rhessi
Creators: name: Suarez-Garcia, E.
name: Hajdas, W.
name: Wigger, C.
name: Arzner, K.
name: Guedel, M.
name: Zehnder, A.
name: Grigis, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degree of linear polarization in solar flares has not yet been precisely determined despite multiple attempts to measure it with different missions. The high energy range in particular has very rarely been explored, due to its greater instrumental difficulties. We approached the subject using the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) satellite to study 6 X-class and 1 M-class flares in the energy range between 100 keV and 350 keV. Using RHESSI as a polarimeter requires the application of strict cuts to the event list in order to extract those photons that are Compton scattered between two detectors. Our measurements show polarization values between 2% and 54%, with errors ranging from 10% to 26% in 1 sigma level. In view of the large uncertainties in both the magnitude and direction of the polarization vector, the results can only reject source models with extreme properties.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication by Solar Physics