cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lattice formulation of the Fokker-Planck equation
Creators: name: Melchionna, S.
name: Succi, S.
name: Hansen, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lattice version of the Fokker-Planck equation (FPE), accounting for dissipative interactions, not resolved on the molecular scale, is introduced. The lattice FPE is applied to the study of electrorheological transport of a one-dimensional charged fluid, and found to yield quantitative agreement with a recent analytical solution. Future extensions, including inelastic ion-ion collisions, are also outlined.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
Support Schemes in Renewable Energy: Commentary to Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 13 September 2017, ENEA S.A. v. Prezes Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki
Creators: name: Alija, Nevin
Publisher: name: Market and Competition Law Review
Year: 2018

description: In its September 13th 2017 decision,1 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decided on a request for a preliminary ruling by the Supreme Court of Poland (Sąd Najwyższy) in proceedings between ENEA S.A. (ENEA) and the president of the Urzędu Regulacji Energetyki (Office for the regulation of energy, URE) on the imposition by the latter of a financial penalty on ENEA for breach of its obligation to supply electricity produced by cogeneration. The judgment of the Court of Justice follows many decisions of the European Commission and judgments of the EU courts assessing the involvement of State resources in support schemes in energy, particularly with the aim of switching towards more environmentally friendly sources. This case reaffirms that support schemes may, in certain circumstances, fall outside the scope of the EU State aid rules.
description: Market and Competition Law Review, v. 2 n. 1 (2018)
Core Excitations with Excited State Mean Field and Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Garner, Scott M.
name: Neuscamman, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the efficacy of excited state mean field theory and its excited-state-specific perturbation theory on the prediction of K-edge positions and X-ray peak separations. We find that the mean field theory is surprisingly accurate, even though it contains no accounting of differential electron correlation effects. In the perturbation theory, we test multiple core-valence separation schemes and find that, with the mean field theory already so accurate, electron-counting biases in one popular separation scheme become a dominant error when predicting K-edges. Happily, these appear to be relatively easy to correct for, leading to a perturbation theory for K-edge positions that is lower scaling and more accurate than coupled cluster theory and competitive in accuracy with recent high-accuracy results from restricted open-shell Kohn Sham theory. For peak separations, our preliminary data show excited state mean field theory to be exceptionally accurate, but more extensive testing will be needed to see how it and its perturbation theory compare to coupled cluster peak separations more broadly.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
MEN WITHOUT SAWMILLS: MASCULINITY, RURAL POVERTY, AND FAMILY STABILITY
Creators: name: Sherman, Jennifer
name: Sherman, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Using ethnographic and interview data, this paper explores the impacts of economic strain and job loss on the construction and experience of masculinity, as well as the effects of threats to masculine identity on family stability in a rural American community. It looks at these issues specifically with reference to the high correlation between poverty and single parenting, in order to better understand the causal mechanisms responsible for this link in a rural setting. It challenges the mainstream argument that it is women's marriage choices that are mainly responsible for this correlation. Building on and extending the work of previous researchers, the paper argues that men's experiences with masculinity in times of economic and labor market stress seriously undermine their abilities to sustain functioning relationships.
Gravitational Potential and Surface Density Drive Stellar Populations -- II. Star-Forming Galaxies
Creators: name: Barone, Tania M.
name: D'Eugenio, Francesco
name: Colless, Matthew
name: Scott, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar population parameters correlate with a range of galaxy properties, but it is unclear which relations are causal and which are the result of another underlying trend. In this series, we quantitatively compare trends between stellar population properties and galaxy structural parameters in order to determine which relations are intrinsically tighter, and are therefore more likely to reflect a causal relation. Specifically, we focus on the galaxy structural parameters of mass $M$, gravitational potential $Φ\sim M/R_e$, and surface mass density $Σ\sim M/R_e^2$. In Barone et al. (2018) we found that for early-type galaxies the age-$Σ$ and [Z/H]-$Φ$ relations show the least intrinsic scatter as well as the least residual trend with galaxy size. In this work we study the ages and metallicities measured from full spectral fitting of 2085 star-forming galaxies from the SDSS Legacy Survey, selected so all galaxies in the sample are probed to one effective radius. As with the trends found in early-type galaxies, we find that in star-forming galaxies age correlates best with stellar surface mass density, and [Z/H] correlates best with gravitational potential. We discuss multiple mechanisms that could lead to these scaling relations. For the [Z/H]--$Φ$ relation we conclude that gravitational potential is the primary regulator of metallicity, via its relation to the gas escape velocity. The age--$Σ$ relation is consistent with compact galaxies forming earlier, as higher gas fractions in the early universe cause old galaxies to form more compactly during their in-situ formation phase, and may be reinforced by compactness-related quenching mechanisms.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 20 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Empirical Potential Function for Simplified Protein Models: Combining Contact and Local Sequence-Structure Descriptors
Creators: name: Zhang, Jinfeng
name: Chen, Rong
name: Liang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An effective potential function is critical for protein structure prediction and folding simulation. Simplified protein models such as those requiring only $C_α$ or backbone atoms are attractive because they enable efficient search of the conformational space. We show residue specific reduced discrete state models can represent the backbone conformations of proteins with small RMSD values. However, no potential functions exist that are designed for such simplified protein models. In this study, we develop optimal potential functions by combining contact interaction descriptors and local sequence-structure descriptors. The form of the potential function is a weighted linear sum of all descriptors, and the optimal weight coefficients are obtained through optimization using both native and decoy structures. The performance of the potential function in test of discriminating native protein structures from decoys is evaluated using several benchmark decoy sets. Our potential function requiring only backbone atoms or $C_α$ atoms have comparable or better performance than several residue-based potential functions that require additional coordinates of side chain centers or coordinates of all side chain atoms. By reducing the residue alphabets down to size 5 for local structure-sequence relationship, the performance of the potential function can be further improved. Our results also suggest that local sequence-structure correlation may play important role in reducing the entropic cost of protein folding.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. In press, Proteins
Eficiência do sistema integrado de crédito agrícola mútuo
Creators: name: Rebelo, João
name: Mendes, Victor
Publisher: name: Gestão e Desenvolvimento
Year: 1996

description: Neste trabalho é avaliada a eficiência produtiva anual, perspectivada na óptica do custo, das caixas de crédito agrícola mútuo (CCAM) pertencentes ao sistema integrado de crédito agrícola mútuo (SICAM), através da utilização de uma fronteira custo estocástica. Para a estimação da eficiência produtiva global, ou eficiência custo, as CCAM são assumidas como empresas multiproduto que comercializam dois produtos, crédito e outras aplicações financeiras, cujo objectivo é a minimização do custo variável, que é igual à soma do dispêndio com a compra de três factores produtivos, depósitos, trabalho e outros materiais. Os índices de eficiência, calculados com base numa função custo translogarítmica previamente estimada, sugerem que o SICAM pode melhorar a sua "performance" económica se todas as CCAM operarem de forma tão eficiente como as observações de melhor prática. Para um aumento dos níveis de eficiência poderá contribuir uma evolução positiva do rácio activo líquido por trabalhador, do grau de conversão dos depósitos em crédito e da autonomia financeira.
description: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, n. 5-6 (1996)
On the non-Markovianity of quantum semi-Markov processes
Creators: name: Utagi, Shrikant
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
name: Srikanth, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Markovianity of the stochastic process called the quantum semi-Markov (QSM) process is studied using a recently proposed quantification of memory based on the deviation from semigroup evolution, that provides a unified description of divisible and indivisible channels. This is shown to bring out the property of QSM processes to exhibit memory effects even in the CP-divisible regime, in agreement with an earlier result. An operational meaning to the non-Markovian nature of semi-Markov processes is also provided.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
BEYOND GATEWAY CITIES: ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND POVERTY AMONG MEXICAN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES AND CHILDREN
Creators: name: Crowley, Martha L.
name: Lichter, Daniel T.
name: Qian, Zhenchao
name: Crowley, Martha L.
name: Lichter, Daniel T.
name: Qian, Zhenchao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Our main objective is to better understand how new residential patterns have reshaped patterns of poverty among America's growing Mexican-origin population. We use data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS) to document recent changes in poverty rates among native-born and foreign-born Mexicans living in the Southwest and in new regions where many Mexican families have resettled. Our analysis focuses on how changing patterns of employment (e.g., in construction and food processing industries) have altered the risk of poverty among Mexican families and children. We demonstrate that the Mexican population dispersed widely throughout the United States during the 1990s. Perhaps surprisingly, Mexican workers, especially new immigrants, had much lower rates of poverty in the new destination regions and rural areas than their counterparts that remained in traditional areas of population concentration - the Southwest. As we show in this study, the dispersion of America's Mexican native-born and immigrant populations raises questions and hopes about their economic and political incorporation into American society.
Transition threshold for the 3D Couette flow in a finite channel
Creators: name: Chen, Qi
name: Wei, Dongyi
name: Zhang, Zhifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study nonlinear stability of the 3D plane Couette flow $(y,0,0)$ at high Reynolds number ${Re}$ in a finite channel $\mathbb{T}\times [-1,1]\times \mathbb{T}$. It is well known that the plane Couette flow is linearly stable for any Reynolds number. However, it could become nonlinearly unstable and transition to turbulence for small but finite perturbations at high Reynolds number. This is so-called Sommerfeld paradox. One resolution of this paradox is to study the transition threshold problem, which is concerned with how much disturbance will lead to the instability of the flow and the dependence of disturbance on the Reynolds number. This work shows that if the initial velocity $v_0$ satisfies $\|v_0-(y,0,0)\|_{H^2}\le c_0{Re}^{-1}$ for some $c_0>0$ independent of $Re$, then the solution of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations is global in time and does not transition away from the Couette flow in the $L^\infty$ sense, and rapidly converges to a streak solution for $t\gg Re^{\frac 13}$ due to the mixing-enhanced dissipation effect. This result confirms the transition threshold conjecture proposed by Trefethen et al.(Science, 261(1993), 578-584). To this end, we develop the resolvent estimate method to establish the space-time estimates for the full linearized Navier-Stokes system around the flow $(V(t,y,z), 0,0)$, where $V(t,y,z)$ is a small perturbation(but independent of $Re$) of the Couette flow $y$.
description: 147 pages
Additional file 4 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis of thermally stressed Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic recombination mutants
Creators: name: Huang, Jiyue
name: Wang, Hongkuan
name: Wang, Yingxiang
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4 : Supplementary Figure 1. Intersection of expressed genes among all 6 samples in a, and expressed gene numbers grouped from low to high of the 63 genes only expressed in WT and mus81 at 28 °C in b.
PERSISTENT POCKETS OF EXTREME AMERICAN POVERTY: PEOPLE OR PLACE BASED?
Creators: name: Partridge, Mark D.
name: Rickman, Dan S.
name: Partridge, Mark D.
name: Rickman, Dan S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: poverty
subject: persistent poverty
subject: economic development policies
subject: place-based policies

description: Over the past four decades almost 400 U.S. counties have persistently had poverty rates in excess of 20 percent. These counties are generally characterized by weak economies and disadvantaged populations. This raises the hotly debated question of whether poverty-reducing policies should be directed more at helping people or helping the places where they reside. Using a variety of regression approaches, including geographically weighted regression analysis, we consistently find that local job growth especially reduces poverty in persistent-poverty counties. We also find that persistent-poverty counties do not respond more sluggishly to exogenous shocks, nor do they experience more adverse spillover effects from their neighboring counties. Finally, we identify some key geographic differences in the poverty determining mechanism among persistent-poverty clusters. Taken together, these results indicate that place-based economic development has a potential role for reducing poverty in these counties.
FARM HOUSEHOLD INCOMES AND U.S. GOVERNMENT PROGRAM PAYMENT
Creators: name: Dewbre, Joe
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: Dewbre, Joe
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: This paper assesses the impacts of government program payments made to US farmers under selected programs. Using a model of farm household resource allocation and data from the USDA-ERS ARMS survey, the analysis considers the effects of the various kinds of program payments on the time allocation of farm operators and spouses and on farm household income.
Additional file 6 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis of thermally stressed Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic recombination mutants
Creators: name: Huang, Jiyue
name: Wang, Hongkuan
name: Wang, Yingxiang
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6 : Supplementary Figure 3. Gene expression of ASY2 and MSH4 under heat stress in WT, mus81 and msh4. a Snapshot showing that ASY2 is an up-regulated DEG in WT and mus81 but not in msh4. b Snapshot showing atypical up-regulated MSH4 in msh4 but not in WT and mus81. c Expression of ASY2 from WT, mus81 and msh4 grown under 20 °C and 28 °C conditions.
PRICE SENSITIVITIES FOR U.S. FROZEN DAIRY PRODUCTS
Creators: name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Narayanan, V. Venkat
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Narayanan, V. Venkat
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Price elasticities and flexibilities for a system of frozen dessert products are estimated from scanner data. Simultaneity tests reject exogeneity of conditional expenditures, but not prices or quantities, at the weekly level. Inverting the elasticity matrix to obtain flexibilities, while theoretically appropriate, appears to be empirically unacceptable.
Post-Newtonian accurate parametric solution to the dynamics of spinning compact binaries in eccentric orbits: The leading order spin-orbit interaction
Creators: name: Koenigsdoerffer, Christian
name: Gopakumar, Achamveedu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive Keplerian-type parametrization for the solution of post-Newtonian (PN) accurate conservative dynamics of spinning compact binaries moving in eccentric orbits. The PN accurate dynamics that we consider consists of the third post-Newtonian accurate conservative orbital dynamics influenced by the leading order spin effects, namely the leading order spin-orbit interactions. The orbital elements of the representation are explicitly given in terms of the conserved orbital energy, angular momentum and a quantity that characterizes the leading order spin-orbit interactions in Arnowitt, Deser, and Misner-type coordinates. Our parametric solution is applicable in the following two distinct cases: (i) the binary consists of equal mass compact objects, having two arbitrary spins, and (ii) the binary consists of compact objects of arbitrary mass, where only one of them is spinning with an arbitrary spin. As an application of our parametrization, we present gravitational wave polarizations, whose amplitudes are restricted to the leading quadrupolar order, suitable to describe gravitational radiation from spinning compact binaries moving in eccentric orbits. The present parametrization will be required to construct `ready to use' reference templates for gravitational waves from spinning compact binaries in inspiralling eccentric orbits. Our parametric solution for the post-Newtonian accurate conservative dynamics of spinning compact binaries clearly indicates, for the cases considered, the absence of chaos in these systems. Finally, we note that our parametrization provides the first step in deriving a fully second post-Newtonian accurate `timing formula', that may be useful for the radio observations of relativistic binary pulsars like J0737-3039.
description: 18 pages, accepted by Phys. Rev. D
CORRECTING FOR SPATIAL EFFECTS IN LIMITED DEPENDENT VARIABLE REGRESSION: ASSESSING THE VALUE OF "AD-HOC" TECHNIQUES
Creators: name: De Pinto, Alessandro
name: Nelson, Gerald C.
name: De Pinto, Alessandro
name: Nelson, Gerald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Moran's I
subject: Spatial Autocorrelation
subject: Limited Dependent Variable Models
subject: Land-Use Change
subject: Geographical Information Systems (GIS)

description: A common test for spatial dependence in regression analysis with continuous dependent variables is the Moran's I. For limited dependent variable models, the standard definition of a residual breaks down because yi is qualitative. Efforts to correct for potential spatial effects in limited dependent variable models have relied on ad-hoc methods such as including a spatial lag variable or using a regular sample that omits neighboring observations. Kelejian and Prucha have recently developed a version of Moran's I for limited dependent variable models. We present the statistic in a more accessible way and use it to test the value of previously-used ad-hoc techniques with a specific data set. Keywords: Moran's I, Spatial Autocorrelation, Limited Dependent Variable Models, Land-Use Change, Geographical Information Systems (GIS),
Additional file 5 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis of thermally stressed Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic recombination mutants
Creators: name: Huang, Jiyue
name: Wang, Hongkuan
name: Wang, Yingxiang
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5 : Supplementary Figure 2. GO analysis of biological processes a, molecular functions b and cellular components c of down-regulated DEGs from WT, mus81 and msh4.
IMPACT OF SHELTERBELTS ON GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION IN THERILANDS: A DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS.
Creators: name: Narayanan, V. Venkat
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
name: Narayanan, V. Venkat
name: Maynard, Leigh J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: In areas characterized by wind erosion and shifting sand dunes, shelterbelts can increase crop yields. Groundnut yields in southern India increased with the introduction and maturation of shelterbelts. Decomposition analysis attributed most of the yield increases to the shelterbelts themselves, with a small portion attributed to input use changes. While shelterbelt cost data are scarce, the estimated value of inputs saved due to shelterbelts suggested a net benefit stream that is initially negative but increasing into the indefinite future. Public investments in shelterbelts may be the most effective means of preventing land degradation.
$^{23}$Na NMR Study of Layered Superconductor $Na_xCoO_2- yH_2O$
Creators: name: Ohta, H.
name: Michioka, C.
name: Itoh, Y.
name: Yoshimura, K.
name: Sakurai, H.
name: Takayama-Muromachi, E.
name: Takada, K.
name: Sasaki, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured $^{23}$Na-NMR spectra and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rates $^{23}(1/T_1)$ of superconducting and non-superconducting bilayer hydrate $Na_xCoO_2-yH_2O$ (x ~ 0.3, y ~ 1.3). The central resonance frequency shows a small but various shift due to the difference in the shielding effect by intercalated $H_2O$ molecules. The different shielding effect also gives a large difference in the magnitude of $^{23}(1/T_1)$.
description: 2 pages with 2 figures, submitted to Physica B (SCES '05)
Uncertainty-Guided Efficient Interactive Refinement of Fetal Brain Segmentation from Stacks of MRI Slices
Creators: name: Wang, Guotai
name: Aertsen, Michael
name: Deprest, Jan
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Vercauteren, Tom
name: Zhang, Shaoting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmentation of the fetal brain from stacks of motion-corrupted fetal MRI slices is important for motion correction and high-resolution volume reconstruction. Although Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely used for automatic segmentation of the fetal brain, their results may still benefit from interactive refinement for challenging slices. To improve the efficiency of interactive refinement process, we propose an Uncertainty-Guided Interactive Refinement (UGIR) framework. We first propose a grouped convolution-based CNN to obtain multiple automatic segmentation predictions with uncertainty estimation in a single forward pass, then guide the user to provide interactions only in a subset of slices with the highest uncertainty. A novel interactive level set method is also proposed to obtain a refined result given the initial segmentation and user interactions. Experimental results show that: (1) our proposed CNN obtains uncertainty estimation in real time which correlates well with mis-segmentations, (2) the proposed interactive level set is effective and efficient for refinement, (3) UGIR obtains accurate refinement results with around 30% improvement of efficiency by using uncertainty to guide user interactions. Our code is available online.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, Accepted by MICCAI 2020
Two-proton momentum correlation from photondisintegration of $α$-clustering light nuclei in the quasi-deuteron region
Creators: name: Huang, B. S.
name: Ma, Y. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proton-proton momentum correlation function is constructed in three-body photo-disintegration channels from $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O targets in the quasi-deuteron regime within the framework of an extended quantum molecular dynamics model. Using the formula of Lednicky and Lyuboshitz (LL) for the momentum correlation function, we obtain a proton-proton momentum correlation function for the specific three-body photon-disintegration channels of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O targets, which are assumed to have different initial geometric structures, and extract their respective emission source sizes for the proton-proton pair. The results demonstrate that constructing a proton-proton momentum correlation is feasible in photo-nuclear reactions, and it is sensitive to the initial nuclear structure. For future experimental studies investigating the $α$-clustering structures of light nuclei, the present work can be used to shed light on the performance and correlation function analysis of ($γ$,pp) or (e,$e'$pp) reactions.
The stringent upper limit on jet power in the persistent soft state source 4U~1957+11
Creators: name: Maccarone, Thomas J.
name: Osler, Arlo
name: Miller-Jones, James C. A.
name: Atri, P.
name: Russell, David M.
name: Meier, David L.
name: McHardy, Ian M.
name: Longa-Peña, Penelope A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extremely deep upper limits on the radio emission from 4U~1957+11, an X-ray binary that is generally believed to be a persistently accreting black hole that is almost always in the soft state. We discuss a more comprehensive search for Type I bursts than in past work, revealing a stringent upper limit on the burst rate, bolstering the case for a black hole accretor. The lack of detection of this source at the 1.07 $μ$Jy/beam noise level indicates jet suppression that is stronger than expected even in the most extreme thin disk models for radio jet production -- the radio power here is 1500--3700 times lower than the extrapolation of the hard state radio/X-ray correlation, with the uncertainties depending primarily on the poorly constrained source distance. We also discuss the location and velocity of the source and show that it must have either formed in the halo or with a strong asymmetric natal kick.
description: 6 page, 2 figures, accepted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
A nitrogen-based assessment of aquaculture : shrimp farming in northwest Mexico
Creators: name: Gomez-Galindo, Carlos
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Understanding the interactions between aquaculture and the environment requires the consideration of production inputs and outputs, ecological processes, as well as the identification and application of quantitative approaches. A conceptual and analytical framework to assess shrimp farming systems was developed based on nitrogen (N); nitrogen is an important element appearing in those interactions both as a nutrient and as a toxicant. The assessment relied on Nitrogen Productivity (NP), an indicator developed by merging Nitrogen Efficiency (NE) and Ammonia Assimilative Capacity (AAC). These indicators, calculated through model simulations, were used in the screening for optimal operating conditions. The simulation model was based on N fluxes, the processes influencing shrimp growth, and the production and loss of ammonia. The model simulated changes in stocking density (Do) and water exchange rate (W), two of the main management variables associated with the level of intensification in aquaculture. The model predictions were compared to a typical, semi-intensive shrimp farming pond in Northwest Mexico. The analysis indicated that optimal operating conditions for the Mexican case were attained by increasing Do towards 30 shrimp•m ⁻², if survival was maximized, and by using no water exchange. This management scheme conveyed a significant reduction (>90%) in water usage, but increased N deposition in sediments. Simulated shrimp farming also performed well only at W > 0.7 d ⁻¹ ; such high rates may have significant economic and biophysical costs that merit analysis. Moderate increments in W (to 0.12 - 0.13d ⁻¹) resulted in a significant level (95% or higher) of effluent N in dissolved form, with a higher potential for its reutilization, but increased ammonia levels in the pond. Formulated feeds represented more than 75% of total N inputs for Do higher than 15 Shrimp•m ⁻², while N from fixation and fertilizer contributed importantly only on the extensive side (Do < 5 shrimp•m ⁻²) of the farming spectrum. Phytoplankton growth and sedimentation rates represented important processes influencing ammonia levels in the pond. This nitrogen-based analysis identified dominant processes and the effects of management practices associated with the intensification of shrimp farming. Nitrogenbased tools appear to have great promise for analyzing the biophysical and economic aspects of aquaculture.
Geometric angle structures on triangulated surfaces
Creators: name: Guo, Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50

description: In this paper we characterize a function defined on the set of edges of a triangulated surface such that there is a spherical angle structure having the function as the edge invariant (or Delaunay invariant). We also characterize a function such that there is a hyperbolic angle structure having the function as the edge invariant.
description: 10 pages
Additional file 7 of Comparative transcriptomic analysis of thermally stressed Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic recombination mutants
Creators: name: Huang, Jiyue
name: Wang, Hongkuan
name: Wang, Yingxiang
name: Copenhaver, Gregory P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7 : Supplementary Figure 4. A-rich motif enriched in the promoter sequences of 51 randomly selected genes from Arabidopsis Araport11 annotation set.
ENCOURAGING FARMERS TO PRODUCE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS FROM AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Westra, John V.
name: Zimmerman, Julie K.H.
name: Vondracek, Bruce
name: Westra, John V.
name: Zimmerman, Julie K.H.
name: Vondracek, Bruce
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management

description: Farmers produce many things in abundance for which they receive income, including food, feed, fiber and fuel. Similarly, farmers generate environmental benefits such as improved water quality by reducing soil and nutrient loss and improved wildlife habitat by managing their operation in certain ways. Unfortunately, most farmers receive limited or no compensation for these positive externalities they produce. If we wish to encourage more of these positive externalities, policies need to be established and implemented that compensate producers for the benefits society receives from specific farming practices. This research examined how production practices that provide environmental benefits would affect water quality (nutrient and sediment loss), fisheries populations, and farm income in two distinct study areas in Minnesota. We developed a computer simulation model to examine the relationship between agricultural practices, water quality, fish communities, and net farm income within two small watersheds. Our analyses focused on a coolwater stream, the Wells Creek watershed in southeastern Minnesota, and a warmwater stream, a sub-watershed of the Chippewa River in western Minnesota. We used the Agricultural Drainage and Pesticide Transport (ADAPT) model in relation to land use to calculate in-stream suspended sediment concentrations using estimates of sediment delivery, runoff, baseflow and stream bank erosion, and quantified the effects of suspended sediment exposure on fish communities. Our focus was to estimate how agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs ? conservation tillage and nutrient management implemented on all cropland, and 100 foot grass buffers along streams) would affect stream fish communities and net farm income, with reference to current conditions. We found a decrease in "lethal" concentrations of suspended sediment on fish in Wells Creek watershed with an increase in conservation tillage, riparian buffers, and permanent vegetative cover. However, land use change in the Chippewa River watershed did not significantly decrease the effects of suspended sediment on the fish community. This difference between watersheds is likely due to differential tolerance to suspended sediment between coolwater and warmwater fish communities and differences in topography, runoff and bank erosion between the two streams.
Marketing social e infeção por VIH/SIDA nas pessoas com mais de 50 anos
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Ana Isabel De Almeida
name: Martins, Rui
name: Pereira, Paulo Almeida
Publisher: name: Gestão e Desenvolvimento
Year: 2012

description: O Marketing Social tem como finalidade a mudança de comportamentos, o estimular da consciência social em cada indivíduo, obrigando à adoção de novos hábitos, importantes para a pessoa e para a sociedade. O seu crescimento torna-se maior e tão mais importante, quanto maior é a preocupação com os problemas sociais, como é o caso da infeção por VIH/SIDA. Este é um dos temas que mais preocupa a sociedade atual, não só pelas proporções que tem tomado ao longo do tempo, com o aumento da morbilidade, mas também por todos os custos económicos e socias gerados por ela. Estudos recentes revelam um aumento exponencial desta síndrome na população com mais de 50 anos, podendo, o marketing social, ser utilizado como estratégia para dirimir este facto. A investigação em curso teve como objetivo principal discutir e obter informação sobre a relação das duas componentes abordadas, o Marketing Social e a infeção por VIH/SIDA, nos cidadãos comuns com mais de 50 anos, tendo chegado à conclusão que os comportamentos de risco são superiores ao expectável, sendo a educação para a saúde, a consciencialização da doença e a mudança de comportamentos e atitudes as ferramentas mais eficazes para o seu controlo, conseguindo-as facilmente através do marketing social.
description: Gestão e Desenvolvimento, n. 20 (2012)
XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1 AGN H0557-385
Creators: name: Ashton, C. E.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Branduardi-Raymont, G.
name: Blustin, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present XMM-Newton observations of the Seyfert 1 AGN H0557-385. We have conducted a study into the warm absorber present in this source, and using high-resolution RGS data we find that the absorption can be characterised by two phases: a phase with log ionisation parameter xi of 0.50 (where xi is in units of ergs cm/s) and a column of 0.2e21 cm^-2, and a phase with log xi of 1.62 and a column of 1.3e22 cm^-2. An iron K alpha line is detected. Neutral absorption is also present in the source, and we discuss possible origins for this. On the assumption that the ionised absorbers originate as an outflow from the inner edge of the torus, we use a new method for finding the volume filling factor. Both phases of H0557-385 have small volume filling factors (< 1%). We also derive the volume filling factors for a sample of 23 AGN using this assumption and for the absorbers with log xi > 0.7 we find reasonable agreement with the filling factors obtained through the alternative method of equating the momentum flow of the absorbers to the momentum loss of the radiation field. By comparing the filling factors obtained by the two methods, we infer that some absorbers with log xi < 0.7 occur at significantly larger distances from the nucleus than the inner edge of the torus.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
FINANCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRADEOFFS OF PHOSPHORUS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON VERMONT DAIRY FARMS
Creators: name: Parsons, Robert L.
name: Parsons, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: FLIPSim is combined with GISPLM to provide policymakers and dairy farmers estimated farm financial impacts on the implementation of 8 Best Management Practices (BMP) designed to reduce phosphorus loading in Lake Champlain. Financial performance indicators are derived for three Vermont dairy farms (60, 150, and 350 cows). Results indicate that feed reformulation and nutrient management are the least cost BMPs but that a combination of 4 BMPs cannot meet the 8% reduction goal. Additional, less effective but more costly BMPs will have to be implemented to meet the goal. None of the individual BMPs cause any of the farms to go out of business. However, the initial declining financial position of the small farm is hastened by the implementation of all BMP's except the row crop field buffer and feed reformulation. The medium farm is also threatened by several costly BMPs. Achieving the desired goal will have an adverse financial impact on watershed farms.
Astronomaly: Personalised Active Anomaly Detection in Astronomical Data
Creators: name: Lochner, Michelle
name: Bassett, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Survey telescopes such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and the Square Kilometre Array will discover billions of static and dynamic astronomical sources. Properly mined, these enormous datasets will likely be wellsprings of rare or unknown astrophysical phenomena. The challenge is that the datasets are so large that most data will never be seen by human eyes; currently the most robust instrument we have to detect relevant anomalies. Machine learning is a useful tool for anomaly detection in this regime. However, it struggles to distinguish between interesting anomalies and irrelevant data such as instrumental artefacts or rare astronomical sources that are simply not of interest to a particular scientist. Active learning combines the flexibility and intuition of the human brain with the raw processing power of machine learning. By strategically choosing specific objects for expert labelling, it minimises the amount of data that scientists have to look through while maximising potential scientific return. Here we introduce Astronomaly: a general anomaly detection framework with a novel active learning approach designed to provide personalised recommendations. Astronomaly can operate on most types of astronomical data, including images, light curves and spectra. We use the Galaxy Zoo dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of Astronomaly, as well as simulated data to thoroughly test our new active learning approach. We find that for both datasets, Astronomaly roughly doubles the number of interesting anomalies found in the first 100 objects viewed by the user. Astronomaly is easily extendable to include new feature extraction techniques, anomaly detection algorithms and even different active learning approaches. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/MichelleLochner/astronomaly.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures. Matches published version. 2 minute video introducing Astronomaly: https://youtu.be/vyU0gJFiFxA
Neue Akzente ökumenischer Sozialethik in Anknüpfung an die Weltkonferenz für Kirche und Gesellschaft
Creators: name: Lochman, Jan M.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 2 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 2
Sphaleron Transition Rates and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
Creators: name: Kapusta, Joseph I.
name: Rrapaj, Ermal
name: Rudaz, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral magnetic effect is a novel quantum phenomenon proposed for high-energy nuclear collisions but which has yet to be observed. We quantify the axial charge relaxation time, due to sphalerons, which enters in simulations of this effect. An extrapolation of weak coupling calculations of the sphaleron rate yields rather different relaxation times than strong coupling AdS/CFT calculations. The AdS/CFT relaxation time is the larger one of the two by an order of magnitude, but the weak coupling relaxation time may not be reliable because it is only marginally bigger than the microscopic thermalization time. The role of quark masses has yet to be accurately assessed.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, published version
Second-Order Provable Defenses against Adversarial Attacks
Creators: name: Singla, Sahil
name: Feizi, Soheil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A robustness certificate is the minimum distance of a given input to the decision boundary of the classifier (or its lower bound). For {\it any} input perturbations with a magnitude smaller than the certificate value, the classification output will provably remain unchanged. Exactly computing the robustness certificates for neural networks is difficult since it requires solving a non-convex optimization. In this paper, we provide computationally-efficient robustness certificates for neural networks with differentiable activation functions in two steps. First, we show that if the eigenvalues of the Hessian of the network are bounded, we can compute a robustness certificate in the $l_2$ norm efficiently using convex optimization. Second, we derive a computationally-efficient differentiable upper bound on the curvature of a deep network. We also use the curvature bound as a regularization term during the training of the network to boost its certified robustness. Putting these results together leads to our proposed {\bf C}urvature-based {\bf R}obustness {\bf C}ertificate (CRC) and {\bf C}urvature-based {\bf R}obust {\bf T}raining (CRT). Our numerical results show that CRT leads to significantly higher certified robust accuracy compared to interval-bound propagation (IBP) based training. We achieve certified robust accuracy 69.79\%, 57.78\% and 53.19\% while IBP-based methods achieve 44.96\%, 44.74\% and 44.66\% on 2,3 and 4 layer networks respectively on the MNIST-dataset.
FOOD RETAIL SALES (PRICING): THEORY AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FOR GERMAN GROCERY STORES
Creators: name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Weaver, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Retail pricing indicates many phenomena, such as sales or rigidities. A number of models have been proposed in particular to explain the occurrence of sales. Focussing on the market for fresh foods the model by Varian and the loss leader argument seem to be intuitively best fitting to the conditions in the fresh food market. From these models we derive several hypotheses that are tested for a unique data set of the German fresh food retail market The data set consists of weekly prices for ten food items in 131 grocery shops over the period from 1995 to 2000. The results support to some extent the Varian model and also indicate some dynamic loss leader pricing. However, rejections of some hypothesis provide some hints for successive models adjustments. Promising extensions of the theory might be based on the consideration of menu and switching costs.
Surface Acoustic Wave Propagation and Inhomogeneities in Low Density Two-Dimensional Electron Systems Near the Metal-Insulator Transition
Creators: name: Tracy, L. A.
name: Eisenstein, J. P.
name: Lilly, M. P.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the surface acoustic wave velocity shift in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure containing a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in a low-density regime ($
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Bloch-Grüneisen temperature and universal scaling of normalized resistivity in doped graphene revisited
Creators: name: Van Nguyen, Khoe
name: Chang, Yia-Chung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we resolved some controversial issues on the Bloch-Grüneisen (BG) temperature in doped graphene via analytical and numerical calculations based on full inelastic electron-acoustic-phonon (EAP) scattering rate and various approximation schemes. Analytic results for BG temperature obtained by semi-inelastic (SI) approximation (which gives scattering rates in excellent agreement with the full inelastic scattering rates) are compared with those obtained by quasi-elastic (QE) approximation and the commonly adopted value of $Θ^{LA}_{F} = 2\hbar v_{LA} k_F/k_B$. It is found that the commonly adopted BG temperature in graphene ($Θ^{LA}_{F}$) is about 5 times larger than the value obtained by the QE approximation and about 2.5 times larger than that by the SI approximation, when using the crossing-point temperature where low-temperature and high-temperature limits of the resistivity meet. The corrected analytic relation based on SI approximation agrees extremely well with the transition temperatures determined by fitting the the low- and high-$T$ behavior of available experimental data of graphene's resistivity. We also introduce a way to determine the BG temperature including the full inelastic EAP scattering rate and the deviation of electron energy from the chemical potential ($μ$) numerically by finding the maximum of $\partial ρ(μ,T)/\partial T$. Using the analytic expression of $Θ_{BG,1}$ we can prove that the normalized resistivity defined as $R_{1}=ρ(μ,T)/ρ(μ,Θ_{BG,1})$ plotted as a function of $(T/Θ_{BG,1})$ is independent of the carrier density. Applying our results to previous experimental data extracted shows a universal scaling behavior, which is different from previous studies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures