cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Chemical complexity of phosphorous bearing species in various regions of the Interstellar medium
Creators: name: Sil, Milan
name: Srivastav, Satyam
name: Bhat, Bratati
name: Mondal, Suman Kumar
name: Gorai, Prasanta
name: Ghosh, Rana
name: Shimonishi, Takashi
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
name: Sivaraman, Bhalamurugan
name: Pathak, Amit
name: Nakatani, Naoki
name: Furuya, Kenji
name: Das, Ankan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorus related species are not known to be as omnipresent in space as hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur-bearing species. Astronomers spotted very few P-bearing molecules in the interstellar medium and circumstellar envelopes. Limited discovery of the P-bearing species imposes severe constraints in modeling the P-chemistry. In this paper, we carry out extensive chemical models to follow the fate of P-bearing species in diffuse clouds, photon-dominated or photodissociation regions (PDRs), and hot cores/corinos. We notice a curious correlation between the abundances of PO and PN and atomic nitrogen. Since N atoms are comparatively abundant in diffuse clouds and PDRs than in the hot core/corino region, PO/PN reflects < 1 in diffuse clouds, << 1 in PDRs, and > 1 in the late warm-up evolutionary phase of the hot core/corino regions. During the end of the post-warm-up phase, we obtain PO/PN > 1 for hot core and < 1 for its low mass analog. We employ a radiative transfer model to investigate the transitions of some of the P-bearing species in diffuse cloud and hot core regions and estimate the line profiles. Our study estimates the required integration time to observe these transitions with ground-based and space-based telescopes. We also carry out quantum chemical computation of the infrared features of PH3 along with various impurities. We notice that SO2 overlaps with the PH3 bending-scissoring modes around ~ (1000 - 1100) cm-1. We also find that the presence of CO2 can strongly influence the intensity of the stretching modes around ~ 2400 cm-1 of PH3 .
description: 44 pages, 28 figures, Accepted for the publication in The Astronomical Journal
Forage and concentrate protein utilization by dairy cattle
Creators: name: Kamande, George Matiru
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In the first part of this study, the relative in situ rumen degradabilities of some common Kenyan feedstuffs were estimated using two fistulated steers. The second part of the study attempted to manipulate rumen fermentation processes by heat treating dietary protein, and also by varying the hay particle size. The in situ dacron bag technique was used to estimate the feeding value of some common Kenyan forages. The rate and extent of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation in the rumen was then determined from the incubated samples. Effective DM and CP degradation was also estimated at various rumen digesta flow rates. Green maize chop, fodder sorghum, napier grass, kikuyu grass, Pennisetum trachyphyllum, rhubarb leaves, banana leaves, sweet potato vines, desmodium and lucerne had moderate to high DM and CP degradability (>50%). These feedstuffs would therefore offer greater potential for conservation for feeding dairy cattle in the dry season. Wheat straw, maize stover, red oats grass and naivasha stargrass had significantly (P<0.05) lower rumen degradability. This last group would require supplemental energy and nitrogen in order to meet the dairy cow's nutrients requirements. Wheat bran had a high DM degradability but its CP degradability was low. The digestibility and amino acid availability of its protein requires further investigations. The effects of forage particle length and heat treatment of protein sources on intake, milk yield and composition and, ration digestibility were determined using dairy cows. Normal or heated canola meal and dehydrated alfalfa were fed together with orchard grass hay to 24 lactating Holstein cows. Orchard grass hay was chopped to two mean cut lengths i.e 14.19 and 1.71 mm. In situ results showed that both canola meal and alfalfa proteins in the supplement was made indigestible by heat. Heat treatment did not affect in vivo dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility for the complete canola rations. Milk yield was also not significantly affected by heating canola meal. However, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility, voluntary feed intake, butter fat and milk protein contents decreased with heat treatment. Reduced forage particle size in combination with heat treatment resulted in significantly lower DM, CP, and ADF digestibility. There was no significant change in voluntary feed intake, milk yield or its components, (except lactose content), with reduced hay particle size. Lactose content was significantly higher with long chop hay. Heat treatment of "alfalfa and short hay particle size resulted in lower DM and CP digestibility of the complete rations. ADF digestibility and voluntary feed intake were reduced with heat treatment. Hay particle size did not affect voluntary feed intake significantly. Milk yield and its components increased with heat treatment of alfalfa. Only total milk fat increased with the longer chop hay.
Refined bound for sum-free sets in groups of prime order
Creators: name: Deshouillers, Jean-Marc
name: Lev, Vsevolod F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P70; 11B75

description: Improving upon earlier results of Freiman and the present authors, we show that if $p$ is a sufficiently large prime and $A$ is a sum-free subset of the group of order $p$, such that $n:=|A|>0.318p$, then $A$ is contained in a dilation of the interval $[n,p-n]\pmod p$.
Additional file 1 of Comparative assessments of indel annotations in healthy and cancer genomes with next-generation sequencing data
Creators: name: Chen, Jing
name: Guo, Jun-tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplememtary Tables.
Stellar Models and Yields of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Creators: name: Karakas, Amanda I.
name: Lattanzio, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present stellar yields calculated from detailed models of low and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We evolve models with a range of mass from 1 to 6Msun, and initial metallicities from solar to 1/200th of the solar metallicity. Each model was evolved from the zero age main sequence to near the end of the thermally-pulsing AGB phase, and through all intermediate phases including the core He-flash for stars initially less massive than 2.5Msun. For each mass and metallicity, we provide tables containing structural details of the stellar models during the TP-AGB phase, and tables of the stellar yields for 74 species from hydrogen through to sulphur, and for a small number of iron-group nuclei. All tables are available for download. Our results have many applications including use in population synthesis studies and the chemical evolution of galaxies and stellar systems, and for comparison to the composition of AGB and post-AGB stars and planetary nebulae.
description: 26 pages; to appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA); typos fixed in the text and in Tables 4 and 6
Correlation Effects in Side-Coupled Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Bonca, Rok Zitko Janez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Wilson's numerical renormalization group (NRG) technique we compute zero-bias conductance and various correlation functions of a double quantum dot (DQD) system. We present different regimes within a phase diagram of the DQD system. By introducing a negative Hubbard U on one of the quantum dots, we simulate the effect of electron-phonon coupling and explore the properties of the coexisting spin and charge Kondo state. In a triple quantum dot (TQD) system a multi-stage Kondo effect appears where localized moments on quantum dots are screened successively at exponentially distinct Kondo temperatures.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Insulating state and the importance of the spin-orbit coupling in Ca$_3$CoRhO$_6$
Creators: name: Wu, Hua
name: Hu, Z.
name: Khomskii, D. I.
name: Tjeng, L. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a comparative theoretical study of the electronic structure of the novel one-dimensional Ca$_3$CoRhO$_6$ and Ca$_3$FeRhO$_6$ systems. The insulating antiferromagnetic state for the Ca$_3$FeRhO$_6$ can be well explained by band structure calculations with the closed shell high-spin $d^5$ (Fe$^{3+}$) and low-spin $t_{2g}^{6}$ (Rh$^{3+}$) configurations. We found for the Ca$_3$CoRhO$_6$ that the Co has a strong tendency to be $d^7$ (Co$^{2+}$) rather than $d^6$ (Co$^{3+}$), and that there is an orbital degeneracy in the local Co electronic structure. We argue that it is the spin-orbit coupling which will lift this degeneracy thereby enabling local spin density approximation + Hubbard U (LSDA+U) band structure calculations to generate the band gap. We predict that the orbital contribution to the magnetic moment in Ca$_3$CoRhO$_6$ is substantial, i.e. significantly larger than 1 $μ_B$ per formula unit. Moreover, we propose a model for the contrasting intra-chain magnetism in both materials.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, and 1 table
Conjugates of characteristic Sturmian words generated by morphisms
Creators: name: Glen, Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68R15; 11A55

description: This article is concerned with characteristic Sturmian words of slope $α$ and $1-α$ (denoted by $c_α$ and $c_{1-α}$ respectively), where $α\in (0,1)$ is an irrational number such that $α= [0;1+d_1,\bar{d_2,...,d_n}]$ with $d_n \geq d_1 \geq 1$. It is known that both $c_α$ and $c_{1-α}$ are fixed points of non-trivial (standard) morphisms $σ$ and $\hatσ$, respectively, if and only if $α$ has a continued fraction expansion as above. Accordingly, such words $c_α$ and $c_{1-α}$ are generated by the respective morphisms $σ$ and $\hatσ$. For the particular case when $α= [0;2,\bar{r}]$ ($r\geq1$), we give a decomposition of each conjugate of $c_α$ (and hence $c_{1-α}$) into generalized adjoining singular words, by considering conjugates of powers of the standard morphism $σ$ by which it is generated. This extends a recent result of Levé and S\ee bold on conjugates of the infinite Fibonacci word.
description: 11 pages
Routes to realize the axion-insulator phase in MnBi$_{2}$Te$_{4}$(Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$)$_{n}$ family: a perspective
Creators: name: Zhao, Yufei
name: Liu, Qihang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axion, first postulated as a hypothetical particle in high-energy physics, is now extended to describe a novel topological magnetoelectric effect derived from the Chern-Simons theory in condensed matter systems. The recent discovered intrinsic magnetic topological insulators MnBi2Te4 and its derivatives have attracted great attention because of their potential as a material platform to realize such a quantized axion field. Since the magnetic exchange gap can bring the half-quantized anomalous Hall effect at the surface, an axion insulator manifests as quantum anomalous Hall and zero Hall plateau effects in the thin films. However, many puzzles about this material family remain elusive yet, such as the gapless surface state and the direct experimental evidence of the axion insulator. In this Perspective, we discuss the preconditions, manifestations and signatures of the axion-insulator phase, in the context of the development of the natural magnetic topological heterostructure MnBi2Te4(Bi2Te3)n family with various intriguing quantum phenomena. Recent theoretical and experimental efforts regarding the intrinsic magnetic topological insulators are summarized here to pave the way for this phenomenally developing field.
Catalysis in flow: monoalkylation of ammonia with alcohols
Creators: name: Leung, Andrew Yuk Keung
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This PhD thesis describes the Ni-catalysed alkylation of ammonia with alcohols to achieve high selectivity to primary amines. This work was broadly divided into two parts: (i) developing and understanding reaction conditions through batch reactions; and (ii) deploying the system into a flow reactor and understanding how the system works and fails. Extensive screening of heterogeneous catalysts in the alkylation of ammonia with alcohols was carried out in batch reactors. It was found that a commercial 65 wt% Ni/Al2O3/SiO2 catalyst yielded the highest selectivity towards the primary amine. High selectivities of 99% with 7 different alcohols to their corresponding amines were achieved with moderate alcohol conversions, under the reaction conditions of 160 °C, 72 hours, 30 mL of 0.1 M alcohol in o-xylene, alcohol/Ni = 10 and anhydrous ammonia/alcohol = 7. An extruded version of this catalyst was created for the application in flow. A flow reactor was then designed and constructed. Competitive formation of the nitrile side-product was suppressed when the catalyst was pre-reduced. Higher alcohol conversions and selectivities to the primary amines were achieved at 51 – 100% and 99% respectively. This improvement in performances is attributed to the minimisation of water accumulation. Over an extended continuous run for 78 hours, it was found that the carbon deposition on the catalyst resulted in the deactivation of the catalyst in flow.
Quasi-local definitions of energy in general relativity
Creators: name: Schmekel, Bjoern S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of defining energy in general relativity is reviewed very briefly, and the properties of Brown-York-like expressions are discussed.
description: 4 pages, very brief review article about quasi-local energy
Body balance in people practicing snowboarding
Creators: name: Kłos, Karolina
name: Giemza, Czesław
name: Dziuba-Słonina, Alicja
Publisher: name: Institute of Machine Design and Operation, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2019
Subjects: training, winter sports, balance, snowboarding

description: Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics; 01/2019; ISSN 1509-409X
Second-Order Component Analysis for Fault Detection
Creators: name: Jingchao, Peng
name: Haitao, Zhao
name: Zhengwei, Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Process monitoring based on neural networks is getting more and more attention. Compared with classical neural networks, high-order neural networks have natural advantages in dealing with heteroscedastic data. However, high-order neural networks might bring the risk of overfitting and learning both the key information from original data and noises or anomalies. Orthogonal constraints can greatly reduce correlations between extracted features, thereby reducing the overfitting risk. This paper proposes a novel fault detection method called second-order component analysis (SCA). SCA rules out the heteroscedasticity of pro-cess data by optimizing a second-order autoencoder with orthogonal constraints. In order to deal with this constrained optimization problem, a geometric conjugate gradient algorithm is adopted in this paper, which performs geometric optimization on the combination of Stiefel manifold and Euclidean manifold. Extensive experiments on the Tennessee-Eastman benchmark pro-cess show that SCA outperforms PCA, KPCA, and autoencoder in missed detection rate (MDR) and false alarm rate (FAR).
Appendix: List of Reflective Prompts
Creators: name: Fessl, Angela
name: Apaolaza, Aitor
name: Gledson, Ann
name: Pammer-Schindler, Viktoria
name: Vigo, Markel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Reflective Prompts

description: This document is an appendix to the paper” ‘Mirror, mirror on my search...’: Data-Driven Reflection and Experimentation with Search Behaviour" that was accepted to the EC-TEL 2019 as full research paper.
Cosmic rays and the primordial gas
Creators: name: Jasche, Jens
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
name: Ensslin, Torsten A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most outstanding problems in the gravitational collapse scenario of early structure formation is the cooling of primordial gas to allow for small mass objects to form. As the neutral primordial gas is a poor radiator at temperatures (T\le10^4\unit{K}), molecular hydrogen is needed for further cooling down to temperatures (T\sim100\unit{K}). The formation of molecular hydrogen is catalyzed by the presence of free electrons, which could be provided by the ionization due to an early population of cosmic rays. In order to investigate this possibility we developed a code to study the effects of ionizing cosmic rays on the thermal and chemical evolution of primordial gas. We found that cosmic rays can provide enough free electrons needed for the formation of molecular hydrogen, and therefore can increase the cooling ability of such primordial gas under following conditions: A dissociating photon flux with (F<10^{-18}\unit{erg cm^{-2} Hz^{-1} s^{-1}}), initial temperature of the gas (\sim10^{3}\unit{K}), total gas number densities (n\ge1\unit{cm^{-3}}), Cosmic ray sources with (\dotε_{CR}>10^{-33}\unit{erg cm^{-3} s^{-1}}).
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
THE IMPACT OF VIRTUAL AND AUGMENTED REALITY ON EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING.
Creators: name: Mamirova, Sh.R.
name: Mirzayeva, Mubina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqola virtuallik tushunchasining ma'nosini tushuntiradi. Ta'minlaydi virtual tasvirlarning ta'siri haqida ilmiy ma'lumotlar va axborot jamiyatidagi virtual haqiqat. Tarixiy narsalarni qamrab oladi virtuallik kontseptsiyasini ishlab chiqish. Virtual kabi texnologiyalar haqiqat (VR) va kengaytirilgan haqiqat (AI) qiziqarli va dinamik o'quv muhitlarini taklif qilish orqali ta'limni o'zgartirmoqda. Bular isbotlangan texnologiyalar akademik yutuqlarni oshiradi, muhim kognitiv qobiliyatlarning o'sishiga yordam beradi va talabalarning faolligini oshiradi. Virtual haqiqat (VR) va Kengaytirilgan reallik (AR) texnologiyalari ta’lim muassasalariga tobora ko‘proq integratsiya qilinmoqda, ular immersiv va interaktiv tajribalarni taklif etadi. an'anaviy o'qitish va o'qitish usullarini o'zgartirish imkoniyati.
title: Automation-aided construction and characterization of Bacillus subtilis PrsA strains for the secretion of amylases
Creators: name: Hamburger, Felix
name: Schlichting, Niels
name: Eichenlaub, Michael
name: Costea, Paul Igor
name: Sauer, Christopher
name: Jenewein, Stefan
name: Kabisch, Johannes
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2025

description: Proteins face an obstacle race on their way to successful folding. Chaperones facilitate the proper folding of proteins by ensuring they remain on the correct path toward their final tertiary structure. In bacilli, the PrsA chaperone is essential for the correct folding and stabilization of proteins within the cell wall. Overexpression of the PrsA chaperone has been shown to improve the successful folding and secretion of many biotechnologically relevant secreted enzymes. This resulted in a double benefit: firstly, it promotes the efficient release of properly folded enzymes from the cell wall, and second, it reduces the folding stress for the cell, thereby enhancing the overall fitness of the production organism. This paper presents a workflow in which different wild-type PrsA molecules in Bacillus subtilis are co-expressed with different amylases having different signal peptides and promoters. To achieve this, six genome-reduced strains and nine PrsA proteins were systematically selected based on their cultivation performance and the production of two reference amylases. Following strain selection and deletion of major extracellular proteases, several hundred individual strains were created and screened using a stepwise and modular automation approach combined with amplicon sequencing. In addition to providing the key learnings from the workflow, it was revealed that no single PrsA molecule consistently improved amylase production, but genetic constructs combining different elements showed up to a 10-fold variation in yield. Among the screened constructs, the signal peptides YdjM and YvcE demonstrated the best performance.
NLO fragmentation functions for a quark into a spin-singlet quarkonium: Same flavor case
Creators: name: Zheng, Xu-Chang
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
name: Huang, Xu-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, we calculate the fragmentation functions for $c \to η_c$ and $b \to η_b$ up to next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy. The ultraviolet divergences in the real corrections are removed through operator renormalization under the modified minimal subtraction scheme. We then obtain the fragmentation functions $D_{c \to η_c}(z,μ_F)$ and $D_{b \to η_b}(z,μ_F)$ up to NLO QCD accuracy, which are presented as figures and fitting functions. The numerical results show that the NLO corrections are significant. The sensitives of the fragmentation functions to the renormalization scale and the factorization scale are analyzed explicitly.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
title: Partners in sickness and in health? Relationship-centered veterinary care and self-educated pet owners in Germany
title: A Structural Equation Model
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Küper, Alina M.
name: Merle, Roswitha
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Veterinary Medicine
subject: Partnership building
subject: Relationship-centered care
subject: veterinary- pet owner communication
subject: Empathy
subject: shared decision making
subject: Structural Equation Modeling
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: In recent years, the web has become a widely used source for health information. Pet owners seem to respond to the supply of medical information on the Internet by increasing their self-education. However, after more than a decade of the digital revolution, little is known about the Internet’s impact on the veterinarian-pet owner relationship. Recent research has raised concerns regarding the increase in self-education among pet owners. However, reasons suggest that the Internet might be a valuable source of pet-owner education for veterinarians. In particular, relationship-centered approaches of care might benefit from the information provided. Our study aimed to determine the perception of German veterinarians with regard to pet owners’ self-education on different aspects of veterinary care. An online survey was conducted for German veterinarians from November 2016 to June 2017. Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Within the structural equation model, we evaluated how the veterinarians’ attitude toward relationship-centered care might affect the evaluation of pet owners’ self-education. A total of 585 valid questionnaires were completed. The majority of veterinarians (83.6%) welcomed the principles of shared decision-making. Practically, all veterinarians reported a noticeable increase in pet owners’ self-education within the last few years. Perceptions on self-education’s impacts on veterinary practice varied among the participants. A beneficial impact of self-education was reported regarding the general quality of veterinary care and quality of follow-up care. Most concerns were related to a negative impact on the veterinarian-pet owner relationship and the pet owners’ demands on the veterinarians’ work after self-education. Moreover, many participants were afraid that unfiltered information may unsettle pet owners and, therefore, advised them against self-education. The structural equation model confirmed the hypothesis that a veterinarian’s positive attitude towards shared decision-making, empathic behavior, and his/her evaluation of self-education were associated. Therefore, we concluded that while there are beneficial potentials, there seem to be barriers that prevent the effective use of the Internet as a supportive medium in veterinary care. Further research and training are needed to enable the use of the Internet as an ancillary medium.
Occurrences of palindromes in characteristic Sturmian words
Creators: name: Glen, Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68R15; 11A55

description: This paper is concerned with palindromes occurring in characteristic Sturmian words $c_α$ of slope $α$, where $α\in (0,1)$ is an irrational. As $c_α$ is a uniformly recurrent infinite word, any (palindromic) factor of $c_α$ occurs infinitely many times in $c_α$ with bounded gaps. Our aim is to completely describe where palindromes occur in $c_α$. In particular, given any palindromic factor $u$ of $c_α$, we shall establish a decomposition of $c_α$ with respect to the occurrences of $u$. Such a decomposition shows precisely where $u$ occurs in $c_α$, and this is directly related to the continued fraction expansion of $α$.
description: 17 pages
Current-Induced Magnetization Control in Insulating Ferrimagnetic Garnets
Creators: name: Avci, Can Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The research into insulating ferrimagnetic garnets has gained enormous momentum in the past decade. This is partly due to the improvement in the techniques to grow high-quality ultrathin films with desirable properties and the advances in understanding the spin transport within the ferrimagnetic garnets and through their interfaces with conducting materials. In recent years, we have seen remarkable progress in controlling the magnetization state of ferrimagnetic garnets by electrical means in suitable heterostructures and device architectures. These advances have readily placed ferrimagnetic garnets in a favorable position for the future development of insulating spintronic concepts. The purpose of this article is to review recent experimental results of the current-induced magnetization control and associated phenomena in ferrimagnetic garnets, as well as to discuss future directions in this rapidly evolving area of spintronics.
description: Short Review, 31 pages, 10 figures
B \to K(K^*) missing energy in Unparticle physics
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Cornell, A. S.
name: Gaur, Naveen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we study the effects of an unparticle $\unpart$ as the possible source of missing energy in the decay $B \to K (K^*) + {\rm missing energy}$. We find that the dependence of the differential branching ratio on the $K$($K^*$)-meson's energy in the presence of the vector unparticle operators is very distinctive from that of the SM. Moreover, in using the existing upper bound on $B \to K (K^*) + {\rm missing energy}$ decays, we have been able to put more stringent constraints on the parameters of unparticle stuff.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Herwig++ Monte Carlo At Next-To-Leading Order for e+e- annihilation and lepton pair production
Creators: name: Latunde-Dada, Oluseyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the MC@NLO method for matching next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD with the parton shower and hadronization model of the Monte Carlo (MC) event generator tt Herwig++, for e+e- annihilation and Drell-Yan lepton pair production. Details of the event generation method as well as spin, flavour, momentum and colour assignments are presented. We obtain predictions for various distributions which arecompared with experimental data.
description: 49 pages, 31 figures
Constraining the Geometry of the Neutron Star RX J1856.5-3754
Creators: name: Ho, Wynn C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RX J1856.5-3754 is one of the brightest, nearby isolated neutron stars, and considerable observational resources have been devoted to its study. In previous work, we found that our latest models of a magnetic, hydrogen atmosphere matches well the entire spectrum, from X-rays to optical (with best-fitting neutron star radius R=14 km, gravitational redshift z_g~0.2, and magnetic field B~4x10^12 G). A remaining puzzle is the non-detection of rotational modulation of the X-ray emission, despite extensive searches. The situation changed recently with XMM-Newton observations that uncovered 7 s pulsations at the 1% level. By comparing the predictions of our model (which includes simple dipolar-like surface distributions of magnetic field and temperature) with the observed brightness variations, we are able to constrain the geometry of RX J1856.5-3754, with one angle < 6 deg and the other angle = 20-45 deg, though the solutions are not definitive given the observational and model uncertainties. These angles indicate a close alignment between the rotation and magnetic axes or between the rotation axis and the observer. We discuss our results in the context of RX J1856.5-3754 being a normal radio pulsar and a candidate for observation by future X-ray polarization missions such as Constellation-X or XEUS.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures; MNRAS, accepted
CMB Cluster Lensing: Cosmography with the Longest Lever Arm
Creators: name: Hu, Wayne
name: Holz, Daniel E.
name: Vale, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss combining gravitational lensing of galaxies and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by clusters to measure cosmographic distance ratios, and hence dark energy parameters. Advantages to using the CMB as the second source plane, instead of galaxies, include: a well-determined source distance, a longer lever arm for distance ratios, typically up to an order of magnitude higher sensitivity to dark energy parameters, and a decreased sensitivity to photometric redshift accuracy of the lens and galaxy sources. Disadvantages include: higher statistical errors, potential systematic errors, and the need for disparate surveys that overlap on the sky. Ongoing and planned surveys, such as the South Pol Telescope in conjunction with the Dark Energy Survey, can potentially reach the statistical sensitivity to make interesting consistency tests of the standard cosmological constant model. Future measurements that reach 1% or better precision in the convergences can provide sharp tests for future supernovae distance measurements.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to PRD
Alcohol related problems as a mediator of the association between alcohol use and subsequent psychosocial functioning
Creators: name: Noh, Suyeon
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by both physical (e.g., withdrawal symptoms) and psychosocial (e.g., alcohol use interfering with major obligations at school, work, or home) characteristics. Furthermore, it has been shown that alcohol use and alcohol related problems tend to be reciprocal, at least amongst individuals suffering AUD. More in-depth understanding of the associations among alcohol use, alcohol problems, and subsequent psychosocial functioning has important clinical as well as theoretical implications regarding post AUD intervention/treatment clinical course and intervention/treatment delivery. Given this background, secondary data analyses were conducted, using data from the outpatient arm of Project MATCH (N=952), to examine post AUD treatment initiation associations among alcohol use, alcohol related problems, and subsequent psychosocial functioning; mediation and moderated-mediation analyses were conducted to explore these relationships. In addition, analyses were conducted to examine the associations between post AUD treatment initiation drinking behavior stability and psychosocial functioning. Study results showed that greater alcohol use post AUD treatment initiation was associated with a greater occurrence of alcohol problems, and that a greater occurrence of alcohol problems, in turn, was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning (i.e., alcohol related problems mediated the association between alcohol use and subsequent psychosocial functioning). In addition, drinker stability analyses revealed substantial stability throughout the follow-up period, while simultaneously reflecting considerable instability. With respect to drinker stability, individuals classified within abstainer or moderate drinker groups reported better psychosocial functioning than individuals classified within the heavy drinker group. Study results indicate that alcohol related problems are important determinants of psychosocial functioning and that the avoidance of frequent heavy drinking is associated with better psychosocial functioning.
Versatile compact atomic source for high resolution dual atom interferometry
Creators: name: Müller, T.
name: Wendrich, T.
name: Gilowski, M.
name: Jentsch, C.
name: Rasel, E. M.
name: Ertmer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compact $^{87}$Rb atomic source for high precision dual atom interferometers. The source is based on a double-stage magneto-optical trap (MOT) design, consisting of a 2-dimensional (2D)-MOT for efficient loading of a 3D-MOT. The accumulated atoms are precisely launched in a horizontal moving molasses. Our setup generates a high atomic flux ($>10^{10}$ atoms/s) with precise and flexibly tunable atomic trajectories as required for high resolution Sagnac atom interferometry. We characterize the performance of the source with respect to the relevant parameters of the launched atoms, i.e. temperature, absolute velocity and pointing, by utilizing time-of-flight techniques and velocity selective Raman transitions.
description: uses revtex4, 9 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Impulsive stimulated scatttering signal in supercooled liquids with Debye or Havriliak-Negami relaxation of the specific heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficient
Creators: name: Gandolfi, Marco
name: Liu, Liwang
name: Zhang, Pengfei
name: Salenbien, Robbe
name: Banfi, Francesco
name: Glorieux, Christ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized physical model is introduced to describe the impulsive stimulated scattering (ISS) response of relaxing systems to photothermal excitation in a periodical grating geometry. The proposed approach starts from Debye and Havriliak-Negami expressions for both the frequency-dependent heat capacity, C(ω), and thermal expansion coefficient, γ(ω). Simulations are carried out on glycerol to test and compare the developed models with the existing semi-empirical model [1]. Debye behavior of the specific heat capacity is shown to be compatible with a two-temperature scenario, in which, in addition to the classical, experimentally observable temperature that characterizes the distribution of the system over vibrational energy states, a second temperature characterizes the state of the configurational energy landscape. The models here developed have been applied for the interpretation of the experimental ISS signals of supercooled glycerol, illustrating simultaneous and separate assessment of C(ω) and γ(ω) up to sub-100 MHz from thermoelastic transients.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures
Normal-ordering approximations and translational (non) invariance
Creators: name: Djärv, T.
name: Ekström, A.
name: Forssén, C.
name: Jansen, G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Normal-ordering provides an approach to approximate three-body forces as effective two-body operators and it is therefore an important tool in many-body calculations with realistic nuclear interactions. The corresponding neglect of certain three-body terms in the normal-ordered Hamiltonian is known to influence translational invariance, although the magnitude of this effect has not yet been systematically quantified. In this work we study in particular the normal-ordering two-body approximation applied to a single harmonic-oscillator reference state. We explicate the breaking of translational invariance and demonstrate the magnitude of the approximation error as a function of model space parameters for $^4\rm{He}$ and $^{16}\rm{O}$ by performing full no-core shell-model calculations with and without three-nucleon forces. We combine two different diagnostics to better monitor the breaking of translational invariance. While the center-of-mass effect is shown to become potentially very large for $^4\rm{He}$, it is also shown to be much smaller for $^{16}\rm{O}$ although full convergence is not reached. These tools can be easily implemented in studies using other many-body frameworks and bases.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Temperature dependence of the interface spin Seebeck effect
Creators: name: Kholid, F. N.
name: Hamara, D.
name: Terschanski, M.
name: Mertens, F.
name: Bossini, D.
name: Cinchetti, M.
name: McKenzie-Sell, L.
name: Patchett, J.
name: Petit, D.
name: Cowburn, R.
name: Robinson, J.
name: Barker, J.
name: Ciccarelli, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed temperature-dependent optical pump - THz emission measurements in Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)|Pt from 5 K to room temperature in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. We study the temperature dependence of the spin Seebeck effect and observe a continuous increase as temperature is decreased, opposite to what is observed in electrical measurements where the spin Seebeck effect is suppressed as 0K is approached. By quantitatively analysing the different contributions we isolate the temperature dependence of the spin-mixing conductance and observe features that are correlated to the bands of magnon spectrum in YIG.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Skew Divided Difference Operators and Schubert Polynomials
Creators: name: Kirillov, Anatol N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study an action of the skew divided difference operators on the Schubert polynomials and give an explicit formula for structural constants for the Schubert polynomials in terms of certain weighted paths in the Bruhat order on the symmetric group. We also prove that, under certain assumptions, the skew divided difference operators transform the Schubert polynomials into polynomials with positive integer coefficients.
description: This is a contribution to the Vadim Kuznetsov Memorial Issue on Integrable Systems and Related Topics, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Evidence for Accretion in the High-resolution X-ray Spectrum of the T Tauri Star System Hen 3-600
Creators: name: Huenemoerder, David P.
name: Kastner, Joel H.
name: Testa, Paola
name: Schulz, Norbert S.
name: Weintraub, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution X-ray spectra of the multiple T Tauri star system Hen 3-600, obtained with the High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrograph on the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Two binary components were detected in the zeroth-order image. Hen 3-600-A, which has a large mid-infrared excess, is a 2-3 times fainter in X-rays than Hen 3-600-B, due to a large flare on B. The dispersed X-ray spectra of the two primary components overlap spatially; spectral analysis was performed on the combined system. Analysis of the individual spectra was limited to regions where the contributions of A and B can be disentangled. This analysis results in two lines of evidence indicating that the X-ray emission from Hen 3-600 is derived from accretion processes: line ratios of O VII indicate that the characteristic density of its X-ray-emitting plasma is large; a significant component of low-temperature plasma is present and is stronger in component A. These results are consistent with results obtained from X-ray gratings spectroscopy of more rapidly accreting systems. All of the signatures of Hen 3-600 that are potential diagnostics of accretion activity -- X-ray emission, UV excess, H-alpha emission, and weak infrared excess -- suggest that its components represent a transition phase between rapidly accreting, classical T Tauri stars and non-accreting, weak-lined T Tauri stars.
description: latex, 27 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables; accepted by ApJ
Additional file 2 of Developing and validating an integrated gross tumor volume (GTV)-TNM stratification system for supplementing unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Creators: name: Chen, Nai-Bin
name: Li, Qi-Wen
name: Zhu, Zheng-Fei
name: Wang, Yi-Ming
name: Cheng, Zhangkai J.
name: Hui, Zhou-Guang
name: Guo, Su-Ping
name: He, Hao-Qiang
name: Wang, Bin
name: Huang, Xiao-Yan
name: Li, Ji-Bin
name: Guo, Jin-Yu
name: Hu, Nan
name: Ai, Xin-Lei
name: Zhou, Yin
name: Wang, Da-Quan
name: Liu, Fang-Jie
name: Xie, Chuan-Miao
name: Qiu, Bo
name: Liu, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Multivariate analysis of the prognosis of the integrated GTV-TNM stratification system in the training cohort and validation cohort.
Entropy minimization for many-body quantum systems
Creators: name: Duboscq, Romain
name: Pinaud, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The problem considered here is motivated by a work by B. Nachtergaele and H.T. Yau where the Euler equations of fluid dynamics are derived from manybody quantum mechanics, see [10]. A crucial concept in their work is that of local quantum Gibbs states, which are quantum statistical equilibria with prescribed particle, current, and energy densities at each point of space (here R d , d $\ge$ 1). They assume that such local Gibbs states exist, and show that if the quantum system is initially in a local Gibbs state, then the system stays, in an appropriate asymptotic limit, in a Gibbs state with particle, current, and energy densities now solutions to the Euler equations. Our main contribution in this work is to prove that such local quantum Gibbs states can be constructed from prescribed densities under mild hypotheses, in both the fermionic and bosonic cases. The problem consists in minimizing the von Neumann entropy in the quantum grand canonical picture under constraints of local particle, current, and energy densities. The main mathematical difficulty is the lack of compactness of the minimizing sequences to pass to the limit in the constraints. The issue is solved by defining auxiliary constrained optimization problems, and by using some monotonicity properties of equilibrium entropies.
Possibility of large lifetime differences in neutral B meson systems
Creators: name: Dighe, Amol
name: Kundu, Anirban
name: Nandi, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate new physics models that can increase the lifetime differences in the $B_q$--$\bar{B}_q$ systems ($q = d,s$) above their standard model values. If both $B_q$ as well as $\bar{B}_q$ can decay to a final state through flavour dependent new physics interactions, the so-called Grossman bound may be evaded. As examples, we consider the scalar leptoquark model and $λ''$-type R-parity violating supersymmetry. We find that models with a scalar leptoquark can enhance $ΔΓ_s/Γ_s$ all the way up to its experimental upper bound and $ΔΓ_d/Γ_d$ to as much as $\sim 2.5%$, at the same time allowing the CP violating phase $β_s$ to vary between $- 45^\circ$ and $20^\circ$. R-parity violating supersymmetry models cannot enhance the lifetime differences significantly, but can enhance the value of $β_s$ up to $\sim \pm 20^\circ$. This may bring the values of $ΔΓ_q/Γ_q$ as well as $β_s$ within the measurement capabilities of $B$ factories and LHCb. We also obtain bounds on combinations of these new physics couplings, and predict enhanced branching ratios of $B_{s/d} \to τ^+ τ^-$.
description: 20 pages, 9 eps figures, revtex4 format
Detection of the quantum states containing at most $k-1$ unentangled particles
Creators: name: Hong, Yan
name: Qi, Xianfei
name: Gao, Ting
name: Yan, Fengli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many different classifications of entanglement for multipartite quantum systems, one of which is based on the number of unentangled particles. In this paper, we mainly study the quantum states containing at most $k-1$ unentangled particles and provide several entanglement criteria based on different forms of inequalities which can both identify quantum states containing at most $k-1$ unentangled particles. We show that these criteria are more effective for some states by concrete examples.