cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Early reionization by miniquasars
Creators: name: Madau, Piero
name: Rees, Martin J.
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Haardt, Francesco
name: Oh, S. Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent detection by WMAP of a large optical depth to Thomson scattering -- implying a very early reionization epoch -- we assess a scenario where the universe was reionized by `miniquasars' powered by intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), the remnants of the first generation of massive stars. Pregalactic IMBHs form within minihalos above the cosmological Jeans mass collapsing at z=24, get incorporated through mergers into larger and larger systems, sink to the center owing to dynamical friction, and accrete cold material. The merger history of dark halos and associated IMBHs is followed by Monte Carlo realizations of the merger hierarchy in a LCDM cosmology. While seed IMBHs that are as rare as the 3.5-sigma peaks of the primordial density field evolve largely in isolation, a significant number of black hole binary systems will form if IMBHs populate the more numerous 3-sigma peaks instead. In the case of rapid binary coalescence a fraction of IMBHs will be displaced from galaxy centers and ejected into the IGM by the `gravitational rocket' effect, rather than accrete and shine as miniquasars. We show that, under a number of plausible assumptions for the amount of gas accreted onto IMBHs and their emission spectrum, miniquasars powered by IMBHs may be responsible for cosmological reionization at z~15. Reionization by miniquasars with a hard spectrum may be more `economical' than stellar reionization, as soft X-rays escape more easily from the dense sites of star formation and travel further than EUV radiation. Energetic photons will make the diffuse IGM warm and weakly ionized prior to the epoch of reionization breakthrough, set an entropy floor, and reduce gas clumping. Future 21 cm observations may detect a preheated, weakly-ionized IGM in emission against the CMB. (abridged)
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, revised version accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
A spatially explicit impact assessment of road characteristics, road-induced fragmentation and noise on bird species in Cyprus
Creators: name: Konstantopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Moustakas, Aristides
name: Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid increase of transportation infrastructure during the recent decades has caused a number of effects on bird species, including collision mortality, habitat loss, fragmentation and noise. This paper investigates the effects of traffic noise and road-induced fragmentation on breeding bird richness in Cyprus. Cyprus, situated along one of the main migratory routes for birds, has a rich and diverse avifauna threatened by an ever-expanding road network and a road density among the highest in Europe. In this first island-wide study we used data from 102 breeding birds recorded in 10 km x 10 km grid cells. Within every cell we calculated road traffic noise and eight road-related properties. Most of the grid cells are subject to intense fragmentation and traffic noise with combined impact hotspots located even within protected areas (such as Cape Greco, and the Troodos Massif). Results from variance partitioning indicated that road-related properties (total road extent and road length) accounted for a combined 59% of variation in species richness, followed by fragmentation-related properties and noise properties. The study posits the need for further in-depth research on the effects of road networks on birds, and road construction, particularly in protected areas within Mediterranean islands.
The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on mindfulness
Creators: name: Schneider, Robert H.
name: Tanner, Melissa A.
name: Travis, Fred
name: Gaylord-King, Carolyn
name: Haaga, David
name: Grosswald, Sarina
Publisher: name: Journal of Clinical Psychology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Mindfulness is associated with low levels of neuroticism, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as high levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life (Brown & Ryan, 2003). As part of a 3-month randomized waitlist-controlled trial of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program on university students (N = 295), we examined the impact of TM practice on mindfulness as measured by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004). A repeated measures ANOVA on total KIMS scores showed a significant time x treatment interaction, with the TM participants reporting greater increases in mindfulness than the waitlist participants. All KIMS subscales were positively intercorrelated at pretreatment, and there were no differences over time or as a function of treatment condition in subscale intercorrelations. Therefore, previously published findings of a positive correlation between subscales measuring the skills of Observing and Accepting-without-Judgment one’s inner experiences only among those with meditation experience may have reflected a self-selection effect rather than a change in the relation of these mindfulness components resulting directly from meditation practice.
Double weakness
Creators: name: Garti, Shimon
name: Shelah, Saharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E35

description: We prove that, consistently, there exists a weakly but not strongly inaccessible cardinal $λ$ for which the sequence $\langle 2^θ:θ
Efforts Are Expanding the School Breakfast Program
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Masao
name: Matsumoto, Masao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The School Breakfast Program provides cash assistance to initiate and maintain a breakfast program in eligible schools and child care institutions. The program has grown from serving 80,000 children at a cost of $573,000 in fiscal 1967 to an average of 4.92 million children a day in 50,000 schools and institutions at a cost of $787 million in fiscal 1992. The growth reflects concentrated efforts to encourage more schools to participate in order to reach more needy children. To provide this food, the U.S. Government spent $787 million in fiscal 1992, up 16.2 percent from $677.2 million in fiscal 1991. Over 850 million breakfasts were served during fiscal 1992-a SO-percent increase from a decade earlier. About 87 percent of the breakfasts are served free or reduced priceremaining relatively stable since the program's inception
Have High-Intensity Sweeteners Reached Their Peak?
Creators: name: Buzzanell, Peter
name: Gray, Fred
name: Buzzanell, Peter
name: Gray, Fred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: H igh-intensity-also called low-calorie or artificialsweeteners are increasi~ gly being used in a wide range of "diet'' foods and beverages. In fact, their growth has firmly established them as a third major sweetener option, along with sugar and com sweeteners. The high-intensity sweeteners approved for use in the U.S. food supply are aspartame, saccharin, and acesulfame-K (see box on these leading products). Other high-intensity sw~eteners---sucralose and alitame-have approval petitions pending before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Prospects are strong that these sweeteners---and possibly some additional ones-will continue to expand both in their total level of use and in the variety of foods and beverages they sweeten. Soft drinks and fountain syrups combined are by far the leading use of high-intensity sweeteners. Tabletop use is second in importance. Other products containing high-intensity sweeteners include powdered gelatin desserts, canned fruit, ice cream and similar dairy products, confectionery, and chewing gum.
Resummed Green-Kubo relations for a fluctuating fluid-particle model
Creators: name: Ihle, Thomas
name: Tuzel, Erkan
name: Kroll, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently introduced stochastic model for fluid flow can be made Galilean invariant by introducing a random shift of the computational grid before collisions. This grid shifting procedure accelerates momentum transfer between cells and leads to a collisional contribution to transport coefficients. By resumming the Green-Kubo relations derived in a previous paper, it is shown that this collisional contribution to the transport coefficients can be determined exactly. The resummed Green-Kubo relations also show that there are no mixed kinetic-collisional contributions to the transport coefficients. The leading correlation corrections to the transport coefficients are discussed, and explicit expressions for the transport coefficients are presented and compared with simulation data.
description: 4 pages including 4 figures, submitted to PRE Rapid Comm
Reconfigurable metasurface hologram by utilizing addressable dynamic pixels
Creators: name: Li, Tianyou
name: Wei, Qunshuo
name: Reineke, Bernhard
name: Walter, Felicitas
name: Wang, Yongtian
name: Zentgraf, Thomas
name: Huang, Lingling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flatness, compactness and high-capacity data storage capability make metasurfaces well-suited for holographic information recording and generation. However, most of the metasurface holograms are static, not allowing a dynamic modification of the phase profile after fabrication. Here, we propose and demonstrate a dynamic metasurface hologram by utilizing hierarchical reaction kinetics of magnesium upon a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation process. The metasurface is composed of composite gold/magnesium V-shaped nanoantennas as building blocks, leading to a reconfigurable phase profile in a hydrogen/oxygen environment. We have developed an iterative hologram algorithm based on the Fidoc method to build up a quantified phase relation, which allows the reconfigurable phase profile to reshape the reconstructed image. Such a strategy introduces actively controllable dynamic pixels through a hydrogen-regulated chemical process, showing unprecedented potentials for optical encryption, information processing and dynamic holographic image alteration.
The effects of the Transcendental Meditation program on mindfulness
Creators: name: Schneider, Robert H.
name: Tanner, Melissa A.
name: Travis, Fred
name: Gaylord-King, Carolyn
name: Haaga, David
name: Grosswald, Sarina
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Mindfulness is associated with low levels of neuroticism, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as high levels of self-esteem and satisfaction with life (Brown & Ryan, 2003). As part of a 3-month randomized waitlist-controlled trial of the effects of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) program on university students (N = 295), we examined the impact of TM practice on mindfulness as measured by the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS; Baer, Smith, & Allen, 2004). A repeated measures ANOVA on total KIMS scores showed a significant time x treatment interaction, with the TM participants reporting greater increases in mindfulness than the waitlist participants. All KIMS subscales were positively intercorrelated at pretreatment, and there were no differences over time or as a function of treatment condition in subscale intercorrelations. Therefore, previously published findings of a positive correlation between subscales measuring the skills of Observing and Accepting-without-Judgment one’s inner experiences only among those with meditation experience may have reflected a self-selection effect rather than a change in the relation of these mindfulness components resulting directly from meditation practice.
Accelerating RNN Transducer Inference via One-Step Constrained Beam Search
Creators: name: Kim, Juntae
name: Lee, Yoonhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a one-step constrained (OSC) beam search to accelerate recurrent neural network (RNN) transducer (RNN-T) inference. The original RNN-T beam search has a while-loop leading to speed down of the decoding process. The OSC beam search eliminates this while-loop by vectorizing multiple hypotheses. This vectorization is nontrivial as the expansion of the hypotheses within the original RNN-T beam search can be different from each other. However, we found that the hypotheses expanded only once at each decoding step in most cases; thus, we constrained the maximum expansion number to one, thereby allowing vectorization of the hypotheses. For further acceleration, we assign constraints to the prefixes of the hypotheses to prune the redundant search space. In addition, OSC beam search has duplication check among hypotheses during the decoding process as duplication can undesirably shrink the search space. We achieved significant speedup compared with other RNN-T beam search methods with lower phoneme and word error rate.
description: 4 pages
Banking on the Environment : Multilateral Development Banks and Environmental Policymaking in Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The dissertation is a comparative study of three multilateral development banks (MDB s)-the World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and European Investment Bank (EIB)-and their struggles to operationalize and implement relatively new environmental mandates. MDBs are increasingly being relied upon to address environmental issues in their activities, while at the same time facing criticism for allegedly promoting serious environmental degradation in borrowing countries. The dissertation focuses on the activities of these banks in Central and Eastern Europe, where the fall of the Iron Curtain revealed the most polluted countries in Europe, and where these MDBs are among the top donors. There is significant variation in the degree to which these MDBs have incorporated environmental goals into their work. The World Bank has played an important role in providing policy support for environmental reform in the region, while financing the largest scope of "green" projects of the three banks. The EIB has responded to its environmental goals in minimal ways, and the EBRD has an intermediate position between the other two. I argue that external pressure from major shareholder countries, usually supported or pushed by NGOs, is a key factor determining the depth of an MDB's commitment to new mandates, such as the environment. However, shareholder commitment is a necessary but not sufficient condition in explaining the banks' environmental behavior. Governance structures for all three banks are diffuse, and, as a result, institutional design and incentive systems play critical roles in how environmental objectives are translated into activities. In all three cases, the banks' internal incentive systems are poorly aligned with their environmental goals, and even where institutional variables are structured to promote greater awareness of environmental issues within the banks, they do not always work as envisioned. Theoretically, the dissertation argues that different causal variables matter at different stages of the policy process. Neorealist approaches have the most explanatory power in accounting for how environmental ideas are brought to the MDBs, but are insufficient in explaining outcomes. Approaches drawn from institutionalist and organizational theories, in turn, provide guidance in analyzing the mechanisms by which environmental objectives are translated into practice. The argument calls for a better integration of international relations theories emphasizing the importance of shareholder politics with theories that focus on how institutional arrangements shape behavior.
E. coli 0157:H7 Ranks as the Fourth Most Costly Foodborne Disease
Creators: name: Marks, Suzanne
name: Roberts, Tanya
name: Marks, Suzanne
name: Roberts, Tanya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: The tragedy of deaths of children linked to undercooked hamburgers in Washington State in January 1993 once again puts the spotlight on food safety. State epidemiologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the illnesses in Washington, along with others in California, Nevada, and Idaho, as caused by Escherichia coli (known as E. coli) O157:H7. This bacterium has been linked to a variety of reservoirs including, as in this outbreak, undercooked ground beef. More than 500 laboratory- confirmed illnesses and 4 deaths occurred during this outbreak. The January 1993 E.coli outbreak in the Western States demonstrates the difficulty of identifying the incidence of foodbome disease and the need for mandatory reporting or new data collection systems. The CDC reported: "Despite the magnitude of this outbreak, the problem may not have been recognized in three States if the epidemiological link had not been established in Washington (State)."
Banking on the Environment : Multilateral Development Banks and Environmental Policymaking in Central and Eastern Europe
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar L.
Publisher: name: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: The dissertation is a comparative study of three multilateral development banks (MDB s)-the World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and European Investment Bank (EIB)-and their struggles to operationalize and implement relatively new environmental mandates. MDBs are increasingly being relied upon to address environmental issues in their activities, while at the same time facing criticism for allegedly promoting serious environmental degradation in borrowing countries. The dissertation focuses on the activities of these banks in Central and Eastern Europe, where the fall of the Iron Curtain revealed the most polluted countries in Europe, and where these MDBs are among the top donors. There is significant variation in the degree to which these MDBs have incorporated environmental goals into their work. The World Bank has played an important role in providing policy support for environmental reform in the region, while financing the largest scope of "green" projects of the three banks. The EIB has responded to its environmental goals in minimal ways, and the EBRD has an intermediate position between the other two. I argue that external pressure from major shareholder countries, usually supported or pushed by NGOs, is a key factor determining the depth of an MDB's commitment to new mandates, such as the environment. However, shareholder commitment is a necessary but not sufficient condition in explaining the banks' environmental behavior. Governance structures for all three banks are diffuse, and, as a result, institutional design and incentive systems play critical roles in how environmental objectives are translated into activities. In all three cases, the banks' internal incentive systems are poorly aligned with their environmental goals, and even where institutional variables are structured to promote greater awareness of environmental issues within the banks, they do not always work as envisioned. Theoretically, the dissertation argues that different causal variables matter at different stages of the policy process. Neorealist approaches have the most explanatory power in accounting for how environmental ideas are brought to the MDBs, but are insufficient in explaining outcomes. Approaches drawn from institutionalist and organizational theories, in turn, provide guidance in analyzing the mechanisms by which environmental objectives are translated into practice. The argument calls for a better integration of international relations theories emphasizing the importance of shareholder politics with theories that focus on how institutional arrangements shape behavior.
S2 - The Hamiltonian from Optimal control approaches for combining medicines and mosquito control in tackling dengue
Creators: name: Rawson, Thomas
name: Wilkins, Kym E.
name: Bonsall, Michael B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Hamiltonian
Predicting star formation properties of galaxies using deep learning
Creators: name: Surana, Shraddha
name: Wadadekar, Yogesh
name: Bait, Omkar
name: Bhosle, Hrushikesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the star-formation properties of galaxies as a function of cosmic epoch is a critical exercise in studies of galaxy evolution. Traditionally, stellar population synthesis models have been used to obtain best fit parameters that characterise star formation in galaxies. As multiband flux measurements become available for thousands of galaxies, an alternative approach to characterising star formation using machine learning becomes feasible. In this work, we present the use of deep learning techniques to predict three important star formation properties -- stellar mass, star formation rate and dust luminosity. We characterise the performance of our deep learning models through comparisons with outputs from a standard stellar population synthesis code.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures, 3 Tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
S1 - Optimal control theory from Optimal control approaches for combining medicines and mosquito control in tackling dengue
Creators: name: Rawson, Thomas
name: Wilkins, Kym E.
name: Bonsall, Michael B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An introduction to optimal control theory and an explanation of the mathematical techniques utilised in this paper.
Evaluating the IMF’s Performance in the Global Financial Crisis
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The 2008 global financial crisis had a dramatic impact on the International Monetary Fund, moving it back to the center stage of global economic governance after a period where it had lost relevance and legitimacy. This paper evaluates the IMF’s crisis-related performance by examining its ex ante, midterm, and ex-post output performance. Output performance is a useful metric for evaluating the IMF’s ability to predict the crisis through its surveillance; respond, by lending quickly and effectively; and revise its policies and procedures in order to be better prepared to prevent the next crisis. The IMF’s performance was mixed. It did a poor job addressing global imbalances ahead of the crisis through its surveillance activities, and an excellent job acting quickly and decisively in the first days and months of the crisis. In the third category a positive set of institutional reforms has been overshadowed by the absence of broader governance reforms.
Evaluating the IMF’s Performance in the Global Financial Crisis
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.). School of International Service
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3502
subject: Banking, finance and investment

description: The 2008 global financial crisis had a dramatic impact on the International Monetary Fund, moving it back to the center stage of global economic governance after a period where it had lost relevance and legitimacy. This paper evaluates the IMF’s crisis-related performance by examining its ex ante, midterm, and ex-post output performance. Output performance is a useful metric for evaluating the IMF’s ability to predict the crisis through its surveillance; respond, by lending quickly and effectively; and revise its policies and procedures in order to be better prepared to prevent the next crisis. The IMF’s performance was mixed. It did a poor job addressing global imbalances ahead of the crisis through its surveillance activities, and an excellent job acting quickly and decisively in the first days and months of the crisis. In the third category a positive set of institutional reforms has been overshadowed by the absence of broader governance reforms.
The High Costs of Poor Diets
Creators: name: Frazao, Betsy
name: Frazao, Betsy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Labor and Human Capital

description: When an obese, inactive, middle-aged person dies from a heart attack, the cause of death is listed as cardiac arrest or heart disease. But a recent study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) would attribute the actual cause to a poor diet and inactivity. Chronic conditions-such as heart disease, cancer, stroke, and diabetes-are generally cited as the causes of death because they represent the major condition identified at the time of death. However, these conditions actually result from a combination of risk factors, some of which may have been controlled by the individual-such as smoking, diet, and inactivity. When nongenetic, or external, factors contribute to death, the deaths are considered to be premature. But premature mortality represents only one cost. A second type of cost is associated with a deterioration in the quality of life, which often precedes premature mortality. Identification of the external risk factors-those that potentially can be modified by the individual-would aid preventive efforts, improve the quality of life, and reduce health care costs. To this end, the JAMA study calculated the number of deaths according to the underlying risk factors, rather than to the condition itself.
A first principles simulation of rigid water
Creators: name: Allesch, M.
name: Schwegler, E.
name: Gygi, F.
name: Galli, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of Car-Parrinello (CP) simulations of water at ambient conditions and under pressure, using a rigid molecule approximation. Throughout our calculations, water molecules were maintained at a fixed intramolecular geometry corresponding to the average structure obtained in fully unconstrained simulations. This allows us to use larger time steps than those adopted in ordinary CP simulations of water, and thus to access longer time scales. In the absence of chemical reactions or dissociation effects, these calculations open the way to ab initio simulations of aqueous solutions that require timescales substantially longer than presently feasible (e.g. simulations of hydrophobic solvation). Our results show that structural properties and diffusion coefficients obtained with a rigid model are in better agreement with experiment than those determined with fully flexible simulations. Possible reasons responsible for this improved agreement are discussed.
BaitWatcher: A lightweight web interface for the detection of incongruent news headlines
Creators: name: Park, Kunwoo
name: Kim, Taegyun
name: Yoon, Seunghyun
name: Cha, Meeyoung
name: Jung, Kyomin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68U15

description: In digital environments where substantial amounts of information are shared online, news headlines play essential roles in the selection and diffusion of news articles. Some news articles attract audience attention by showing exaggerated or misleading headlines. This study addresses the \textit{headline incongruity} problem, in which a news headline makes claims that are either unrelated or opposite to the contents of the corresponding article. We present \textit{BaitWatcher}, which is a lightweight web interface that guides readers in estimating the likelihood of incongruence in news articles before clicking on the headlines. BaitWatcher utilizes a hierarchical recurrent encoder that efficiently learns complex textual representations of a news headline and its associated body text. For training the model, we construct a million scale dataset of news articles, which we also release for broader research use. Based on the results of a focus group interview, we discuss the importance of developing an interpretable AI agent for the design of a better interface for mitigating the effects of online misinformation.
description: 24 pages (single column), 7 figures. This research article is published as a book chapter of \textit{Fake News, Disinformation, and Misinformation in Social Media-Emerging Research Challenges and Opportunities}. Springer, 2020. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1811.07066
title: We are at Both Ends of the Same Buried Secrets: The Use of Opposites and Dualities in Claudia Bernardi’s “The Buried Home”
Creators: name: Berger, Marie-Christine
Publisher: name: Universität Graz
Year: 2021
Subjects: home
belonging
identity
migration literature
imagined landscape

description: This entry of the student anthology was created through a process of reflecting on a literary
seminar carried out by the Center for Inter-American Studies from the University of Graz and
was inspired by the work in Marjorie Agosín edited volume Home – An Imagined Landscape. This
article discusses the use of opposites and dualities in Claudia Bernardi’s “The Buried Home”.
Euclidean Wormholes in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity
Creators: name: Garcia-Compean, H.
name: Vazquez, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Euclidean wormholes in the framework of the Horava-Lifshitz theory of gravity. Euclidean wormholes first appeared in the Euclidean path integral approach to quantum gravity. In a more general way, Hawking and Page interpreted such configurations as solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation with appropriate boundary conditions. We use the projectable version of Horava-Lifshitz gravity to obtain the Wheeler-DeWitt equation of a minisuperspace model considering a closed Friedmann Universe plus a massless scalar field. For large values of the scale factor we find that the solution of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation coincides with the one obtained by Hawking. Whereas in the limit corresponding to the early Universe we find a new set of solutions, which agree with the Hawking and Page boundary conditions for wormholes.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення як фактор підвищення результативності управління раціональним лісокористуванням
Accounting and analytical support as a factor of effectiveness of management of the rational forest us
Creators: name: Makarenko, А.
name: Makarenko, А.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: accounting
subject: management
subject: accounting and analytical support
subject: forest resources
subject: the forest rational management
subject: SWOT-analysis

description: The paper presents the results of study of the formation of the accounting and analytical support system adjusting the accounting forest complex to the current requirements, which requires a new approach implementation regarding the integration of forest resources at the enterprise level. The purpose of this system is to evaluate the outcomes of forestry and responsibility centers within the required time period. The accounting and analytical support management include processes that are incorporated in and are intended to meet the needs of converting primary information into the summary. To determine the importance of accounting and analytical support as a particular philosophy of management strategies in forest management activities the matrix SWOT-analysis is presented, it provides the basis for reflection on what you should pay attention to during the governance process. The application of the research results may contribute to improve the effectiveness of management forestry enterprises improvement using accounting and analytical support.
Optical Identification of the ASCA Medium Sensitivity Survey in the Northern Sky: Nature of Hard X-ray-selected Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Akiyama, Masayuki
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Ohta, Kouji
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Yamada, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of optical spectroscopic identifications of a bright subsample of 2-10keV hard X-ray selected sources from the ASCA Medium Sensitivity Survey in the northern sky. The flux limit of the subsample is 3*10^-13 erg s^-1 cm^-2 in the 2-10keV band. All but one of the 87 hard X-ray selected sources are optically identified, with AGNs, 7 clusters of galaxies, and 1 galactic star. It is the largest complete sample of hard X-ray selected AGNs at the bright flux limit. Amounts of absorption to their nuclei are estimated to be hydrogen column densities (N_H) of up to ~3*10^23 cm^-2 from their X-ray spectra. Optical properties of X-ray absorbed AGNs with N_H > 1*10^22 cm^-2 indicate the effects of dust absorption: at redshifts, z<0.6, AGNs without broad Hβemission lines have significantly larger N_H value than AGNs with broad Hβemission lines. At z>0.6, the X-ray absorbed AGNs have a large hard X-ray to optical flux ratio (log f2-10keV/fR > +1). However, three X-ray absorbed z>0.6 AGNs show strong broad lines. In combination with hard X-ray selected AGN samples from the ASCA Large Sky Survey, the ASCA Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole and Chandra Deep Field North, the luminosity distributions of absorbed and less-absorbed AGNs are compared.
description: 56 pages with 14 figures. Accepted to ApJS. Fig.1 and tables are available from http://www.subaru.naoj.org/staff/akiyama/papers/papers.html
Supplemental Material from Parameter subset reduction for patient-specific modelling of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy-related mutation carriers in the CircAdapt model
Creators: name: Osta, Nick Van
name: Lyon, Aurore
name: Kirkels, Feddo
name: Koopsen, Tijmen
name: Loon, Tim Van
name: Cramer, Maarten J.
name: Teske, Arco J.
name: Delhaas, Tammo
name: Huberts, Wouter
name: Lumens, Joost
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Mechanics
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Extra information on CircAdapt, Morris Screening, and model estimations
Revisiting the anatomy of the right ventricle in the light of knowledge of its development.
Creators: name: Crucean, Adrian
name: Spicer, Diane E
name: Tretter, Justin T
name: Mohun, Timothy J
name: Anderson, Robert H
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: Developmental Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
classificationCode: Model organisms
subject: Model organisms
classificationCode: Imaging
subject: Imaging

description: Controversies continue regarding several aspects of the anatomy of the morphologically right ventricle. There is disagreement as to whether the ventricle should be assessed in bipartite or tripartite fashion, and the number of leaflets to be found in the tricuspid valve. In particular, there is no agreement as to whether a muscular outlet septum is present in the normally constructed heart, nor how many septal components are to be found during normal development. Resolving these issues is of potential significance to those investigating and treating children with congenitally malformed hearts. With all these issues in mind, we have revisited our own experience in investigating the development and morphology of the normal right ventricle. To assess development, we have examined a large number of datasets, prepared by both standard and episcopic microscopy, from human and murine embryos. In terms of gross anatomy, we have compared dissections of normal autopsied hearts with virtual dissections of datasets prepared using computed tomography. Our developmental and postnatal studies, taken together, confirm that the ventricle is best assessed in tripartite fashion, with the three parts representing its inlet, apical trabecular, and outlet components. The ventricular septum, however, has only muscular and membranous components. The muscular part incorporates a small component derived from the muscularised fused proximal outflow cushions, but this part cannot be distinguished from the much larger part that is incorporated within the free-standing muscular infundibular sleeve. We confirm that the tricuspid valve itself has three components, which are located inferiorly, septally, and antero-superiorly.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOOD SUBSIDY REFORM IN EGYPT
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar
Publisher: name: International Food Policy Research Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Egypt has a large food subsidy program that has created a relatively effective social safety net, but it has also drained budgetary resources and proved to be poorly targeted toward the poor. Discussions about reforming the system to improve its effectiveness have run into extreme political sensitivities surrounding the issue of food subsidies. Egypt, therefore, well illustrates the quandaries that policymakers and others contemplating food subsidy reform face in developing countries. This study examines the political economy of food subsidy reform in Egypt and discusses the economic and political advantages and disadvantages of nine possible reforms. The study concludes that the reforms that have the greatest chance of success are those that reduce the access of the wealthy while increasing the access of the truly needy, but the timing, sequence, and trade-offs of such reforms have to be taken into account before they are implemented.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF FOOD SUBSIDY REFORM IN EGYPT
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Egypt has a large food subsidy program that has created a relatively effective social safety net, but it has also drained budgetary resources and proved to be poorly targeted toward the poor. Discussions about reforming the system to improve its effectiveness have run into extreme political sensitivities surrounding the issue of food subsidies. Egypt, therefore, well illustrates the quandaries that policymakers and others contemplating food subsidy reform face in developing countries. This study examines the political economy of food subsidy reform in Egypt and discusses the economic and political advantages and disadvantages of nine possible reforms. The study concludes that the reforms that have the greatest chance of success are those that reduce the access of the wealthy while increasing the access of the truly needy, but the timing, sequence, and trade-offs of such reforms have to be taken into account before they are implemented.
Cуб’єкти ринку органічної сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні
The subjects of the market of organic agricultural production in Ukraine
Creators: name: Maslak, О.
name: Maslak, О.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: organic products
subject: organic market
subject: subjects of organic market

description: The organic market in Ukraine is actively developing. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of farms that are engaged in the production and marketing of such products. The area under cultivation of organic agricultural products is increasing. At the same time, on the domestic market organic products are produced by farms of various organizational and legal forms of management. The subjects of organic market in Ukraine are analyzes in the article. In particular, the main forms of management in the agrarian sector are determined, the analysis of existing forms of management in the production and marketing of organic products is carried out, the priority areas for specializing in the production of organic products have been determined, taking into account their organizational and legal forms of management. The results of the conducted studies show that less expensive types of organic agricultural products are produced mainly in medium-sized enterprises of collective organizational form. In turn, labor-intensive types of organic products, in particular: potatoes, vegetables, milk, meat, are produced mainly by small-scale business entities. In the future, small-scale producers of organic products will provide food for local consumers, and medium-sized farms will contribute to filling the domestic market and form batches of products for sale abroad.
WHEN “DOING GOOD” DOES NOT : THE IMF AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Creators: name: Gutner, Tamar
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Appeared as Chapter 10 in: Avant, Deborah D, Martha Finnemore, and Susan K. Sell. Who Governs the Globe?New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Print.
Approximation Algorithms for Steiner Tree Based on Star Contractions: A Unified View
Creators: name: Hušek, Radek
name: Knop, Dušan
name: Masařík, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.0

description: In the Steiner Tree problem we are given an edge weighted undirected graph $G = (V,E)$ and a set of terminals $R \subseteq V$. The task is to find a connected subgraph of $G$ containing $R$ and minimizing the sum of weights of its edges. We observe that many approximation algorithms for Steiner Tree follow a similar scheme (meta-algorithm) and perform (exhaustively) a similar routine which we call star contraction. Here, by a star contraction, we mean finding a star-like subgraph in the input graph minimizing the ratio of its weight to the number of contained terminals minus one. It is not hard to see that the well-known MST-approximation seeks the best star to contract among those containing two terminals only. We perform an empirical study of star contractions with the relaxed condition on the number of terminals in each star contraction. Our experiments suggest the following: -- if the algorithm performs star contractions exhaustively, the quality of the solution is usually slightly better than Zelikovsky's 11/6-approximation algorithm, -- on average the quality of the solution returned by the MST-approximation algorithm improves with every star contraction, -- the same holds for iterated MST (MST+), which outperforms MST in every measurement while keeping very fast running time (on average $\sim 3\times$ slower than MST), -- on average the quality of the solution obtained by exhaustively performing star contraction is about 16\% better than the initial MST-approximation, and -- we propose a more precise way to find the so-called improved stars which yield a slightly better solution within a comparable running time (on average $\sim 3\times$ slower). Furthermore, we propose two improvements of Zelikovsky's 11/6-approximation algorithm and we empirically confirm that the quality of the solution returned by any of these is better than the one returned by the former algorithm.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
Gravitationally-Induced Quantum Superpopsition Reduction with Large Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Mureika, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gravity-driven mechanism (``objective reduction'') proposed to explain quantum state reduction is analyzed in light of the possible existence of large extra dimensions in the ADD scenario. By calculating order-of-magnitude estimates for nucleon superpositions, it is shown that if the mechanism at question is correct, constraints may be placed on the number and size of extra dimensions. Hence, measurement of superposition collapse times ({\it e.g.} through diffraction or reflection experiments) could represent a new probe of extra dimensions. The influence of a time-dependent gravitational constant on the gravity-driven collapse scheme with and without the presence of extra dimensions is also discussed.
description: 22 pp; 1 postscript figure Expanded version of previous submission To appear in Phys Rev D
Регіональні кластери як структурні ланки сталого розвитку національної економіки
Regional clusters as a structural link sustainable development national economy
Creators: name: Stoianets, N.
name: Stoianets, N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: development
subject: constant development
subject: regional economy
subject: national economy
subject: innovations
subject: integration
subject: cluster
subject: cluster model
subject: tourist cluster
subject: agriculture cluster

description: There were summarized main positions of constant development of Ukraine, there were discovered and described the main factors which provide it: environmental, economic and social. There were found basic directions of Renewing the management of regional social and economic sectors related to the integration and union of the efforts of government, socially responsible business and people of the region to solve the most important tasks which are related to creating a comfortable and safe environment for human life. It was studied the advantages and revealed the main aspects of functioning the cluster model of socio-economic development, which give possibility to the cluster not only to occur, but also to ensure its viability, self-sufficiency, successful and effective organization. It was considered practical examples of using of cluster model of regional development on the example of tourist and agriculture clusters. It was offered a structural model of constant regional development, which is based on cluster structure.