cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A journey down the Tuin: the hydraulics of an internal draining river from the Khangai Mountains to the Gobi Desert
Creators: name: Fassnacht, Steven R.
name: Venable, Niah B. H.
name: Odgarav, Jigjsuren
name: Sukhbaatar, Jaminkhuyag
name: Adyabadam, Gelegpil
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: streamflow
hydrology
digital elevation model

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: River systems flowing through semi-arid and arid regions provide critical ecosystem services for inhabitants of these areas. In remote and/or difficult to access areas away from population centers, few direct measurements exist to characterize the nature of streamflow in these systems. The Tuin River flows from the rugged high mountain and forest steppe landscape of the Khangai Mountains in central Mongolia to its terminus at Orog Lake in the desert steppe and sand dunes of the northern Gobi Desert. Field measurements taken in June 2012 at numerous locations from river headwaters to mouth were used to characterize streamflow in the main river channel and associated floodplain. From these measurements, channel hydraulic characteristics were estimated and hydrologic properties were assessed using a digital elevation model and other spatial data. These properties include contributing area, slope, hydraulic radius, and channel roughness. During the low flow conditions of the survey, streamflow was decreasing from upstream to downstream. At a point between the Bayankhongor and Bogd gaging stations, streamflow ceased at the surface and reappeared approximately 10 kilometres downstream, exemplifying losing flow conditions and subsurface flow components. The results of this analysis could be scalable to other internally draining river systems, especially for hydrologic modelling.
title: Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ( MRS ) in the evaluation of Normal Appearing White Matter of the brain in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: name: Abouelnadar, amal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Case-control study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Developmental disease
subject: Acute
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Comparative studies
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this work is to study normal appearing white matter (NAWM) in patients having clinically relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging to determine tissue specific metabolite...
Spatial Coherence of Tropical Rainfall at the Regional Scale
Creators: name: Moron, Vincent
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Ward, M. Neil
name: Camberlin, Pierre
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Rain and rainfall--Observations
Meteorology

description: This study examines the spatial coherence characteristics of daily station observations of rainfall in five tropical regions during the principal rainfall season(s): the Brazilian Nordeste, Senegal, Kenya, northwestern India, and northern Queensland. The rainfall networks include between 9 and 81 stations, and 29–70 seasons of observations. Seasonal-mean rainfall totals are decomposed in terms of daily rainfall frequency (i.e., the number of wet days) and mean intensity (i.e., the mean rainfall amount on wet days). Despite the diverse spatiotemporal sampling, orography, and land cover between regions, three general results emerge. 1) Interannual anomalies of rainfall frequency are usually the most spatially coherent variable, generally followed closely by the seasonal amount, with the daily mean intensity in a distant third place. In some cases, such as northwestern India, which is characterized by large daily rainfall amounts, the frequency of occurrence is much more coherent than the seasonal amount. 2) On daily time scales, the interstation correlations between amounts on wet days always fall to insignificant values beyond a distance of about 100 km. The spatial scale of daily rainfall occurrence is larger and more variable among the networks. 3) The regional-scale signal of the seasonal amount is primarily related to a systematic spatially coherent modulation of the frequency of occurrence.
title: Fats are All Around: Liposarcomas in Usual and Unusual Locations
Creators: name: Kim, Beum Jin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Surgery
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Pathology
subject: Retrospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Discuss basic background, clinical features andpathogenesis of liposarcoma. Review liposarcoma subtypes and imaging characteristics for each subtypes. Identify liposarcomas originating in unusual locations. Explain role of radiologist in diagnosis...
Sodium channels amplify spine potentials
Creators: name: Araya, Roberto
name: Nikolenko, Volodymyr
name: Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory synapses in the brain. Past theoretical work and recent experimental evidence have suggested that spines could contain sodium channels. We tested this by measuring the effect of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) on depolarizations generated by two-photon uncaging of glutamate on spines from mouse neocortical pyramidal neurons. In practically all spines examined, uncaging potentials were significantly reduced by TTX. This effect was postsynaptic and spatially localized to the spine and occurred with uncaging potentials of different amplitudes and in spines of different neck lengths. Our data confirm that spines from neocortical pyramidal neurons are electrically isolated from the dendrite and indicate that they have sodium channels and are therefore excitable structures. Spine sodium channels could boost synaptic potentials and facilitate action potential backpropagation.
Dendritic spines linearize the summation of excitatory potentials
Creators: name: Araya, Roberto
name: Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: In mammalian cortex, most excitatory inputs occur on dendritic spines, avoiding dendritic shafts. Although spines biochemically isolate inputs, nonspiny neurons can also implement biochemical compartmentalization; so, it is possible that spines have an additional function. We have recently shown that the spine neck can filter membrane potentials going into and out of the spine. To investigate the potential function of this electrical filtering, we used two-photon uncaging of glutamate and compared the integration of electrical signals in spines vs. dendritic shafts from basal dendrites of mouse layer 5 pyramidal neurons. Uncaging potentials onto spines summed linearly, whereas potentials on dendritic shafts reduced each other's effect. Linear integration of spines was maintained regardless of the amplitude of the response, distance between spines (as close as <2 μm), distance of the spines to the soma, dendritic diameter, or spine neck length. Our findings indicate that spines serve as electrical isolators to prevent input interaction, and thus generate a linear arithmetic of excitatory inputs. Linear integration could be an essential feature of cortical and other spine-laden circuits.
Rectification of thermal fluctuations in a chaotic cavity heat engine
Creators: name: Sothmann, Björn
name: Sánchez, Rafael
name: Jordan, Andrew N.
name: Büttiker, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the rectification of thermal fluctuations in a mesoscopic on-chip heat engine. The engine consists of a hot chaotic cavity capacitively coupled to a cold cavity which rectifies the excess noise and generates a directed current. The fluctuation-induced directed current depends on the energy asymmetry of the transmissions of the contacts of the cold cavity to the leads and is proportional to the temperature difference. We discuss the maximal power output of the heat engine and its efficiency.
description: Published version, 8 pages, 4 figures
Spatial changes in climate across Mongolia
Creators: name: Venable, Niah B. H.
name: Fassnacht, Steven R.
name: Hendricks, Alyssa D.
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: Mongolia
climate change
Mann-Kendall
Thiel-Sen
gridded climate variables
trend analyses

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Previous research using meteorological station data suggests that temperatures and precipitation have been changing more across the semi-arid and arid country of Mongolia than in many other locations across the globe. We used gridded monthly data to determine the annual and seasonal rate of change in total precipitation (P), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin), as computed from the non-parametric Thiel-Sen slope estimator method. The significance of those changes were computed from the Mann-Kendall test. The University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit (CRU) dataset was used for the 50-year time period from 1963 through 2012 at a 0.5 degree (~55 km) resolution. For the first 30 years, 30 to 35 meteorological stations from across Mongolia were used to create the spatially distributed "High Resolution Gridded Data of Month-by-Month Variation in Climate" CRU product; 20 to 30 stations were used for the last 20 years due to a decrease in the number of operational stations. Results are presented as maps of 1) mean total annual P, and mean annual Tmax and Tmin, and ii) annual trends over the length of record (1963-2012) with significance overlain, for the three variables. Rates of change at annual and seasonal time scales varied spatially with more consistent increases in temperature; significant precipitation trends were observed over smaller areas than significant temperature trends.
title: Tarsal tunnel syndrome: a pictorial review with emphasis in ultrasonography.
Creators: name: Soares, Ocacir
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards
subject: Arthritides
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - Describe important anatomical aspects to improve the diagnosis, including anatomical variations. - Review and illustrate the frequent causes of tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) in ultrasonography. - Display the different diagnosis and...
Towards precise ages for single stars in the field. Gyrochronology constraints at several Gyr using wide binaries. I. Ages for initial sample
Creators: name: Chanamé, Julio
name: Ramírez, Iván
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a program designed to obtain age-rotation measurements of solar-type dwarfs to be used in the calibration of gyrochronology relations at ages of several Gyr. This is a region of parameter space crucial for the large-scale study of the Milky Way, and where the only constraint available today is that provided by the Sun. Our program takes advantage of a set of wide binaries selected so that one component is an evolved star and the other is a main-sequence star of FGK type. In this way, we obtain the age of the system from the evolved star, while the rotational properties of the main sequence component provides the information relevant for gyrochronology regarding the spin-down of solar-type stars. By mining currently available catalogs of wide binaries, we assemble a sample of 37 pairs well positioned for our purposes: 19 with turnoff or subgiant primaries, and 18 with white dwarf components. Using high-resolution optical spectroscopy, we measure precise stellar parameters for a subset of 15 of the pairs with turnoff/subgiant components, and use these to derive isochronal ages for the corresponding systems. Ages for 16 of the 18 pairs with white dwarf components are taken from the literature. The ages of this initial sample of 31 wide binaries range from 1 to 9 Gyr, with precisions better than 20% for almost half of these systems. When combined with measurements of the rotation period of their main sequence components, these wide binary systems would potentially provide a similar number of points useful for the calibration of gyrochronology relations at very old ages.
description: 58 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables; replaced with version accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Bronchopulmonary sequestration: many faces of a challenge diagnosis.
Creators: name: Moreira Minari, Jenifer
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Congenital
subject: Education
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: MR
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Paediatric
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Paediatric

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To provide an overview of the normal embryological development of the respiratory system. To discuss different methods used for pre and postnatal diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS). To illustrate main imaging findings at BPS using...
title: Let’s go out of the breasts: significant additional findings on breast MRI
Creators: name: Gomes, Andressa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Breast
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Image verification
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To illustrate the main additional findings on breast MRI, including clinically relevant injuries that require further evaluation; To demonstrate the importance of systematizing image analysis by the radiologist, avoiding that clinically relevant...
Imaging high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a camera
Creators: name: Edgar, Matthew P.
name: Tasca, Daniel S.
name: Izdebski, Frauke
name: Warburton, Ryan E.
name: Leach, Jonathan
name: Agnew, Megan
name: Buller, Gerald S.
name: Boyd, Robert W.
name: Padgett, Miles J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light produced by parametric down-conversion shows strong spatial entanglement that leads to violations of EPR criteria for separability. Historically, such studies have been performed by scanning a single-element, single-photon detector across a detection plane. Here we show that modern electron-multiplying charge-coupled device cameras can measure correlations in both position and momentum across a multi-pixel field of view. This capability allows us to observe entanglement of around 2,500 spatial states and demonstrate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type correlations by more than two orders of magnitude. More generally, our work shows that cameras can lead to important new capabilities in quantum optics and quantum information science.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Astrocytic regulation of cortical UP states
Creators: name: Poskanzer, Kira
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The synchronization of neuronal assemblies during cortical UP states has been implicated in computational and homeostatic processes, but the mechanisms by which this occurs remain unknown. To investigate potential roles of astrocytes in synchronizing cortical circuits, we electrically activated astrocytes while monitoring the activity of the surrounding network with electrophysiological recordings and calcium imaging. Stimulating a single astrocyte activates other astrocytes in the local circuit and can trigger UP state synchronizations of neighboring neurons. Moreover, interfering with astrocytic activity with intracellular injections of a calcium chelator into individual astrocytes inhibits spontaneous and stimulated UP states. Finally, both astrocytic activity and neuronal UP states are regulated by purinergic signaling in the circuit. These results demonstrate that astroglia can play a causal role in regulating the synchronized activation of neuronal ensembles.
title: Perfusional Changes in the Liver on CT and MRI: What the Radiologist Needs to Know ?
Creators: name: RIAZ, SHAISTA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Inflammation
subject: Haemangioma
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Perfusional changes in liver are seen in both CT and MR. These can be related to various causes including vascular, neoplastic, infectious, inflammatory, as well as compressive effects from extrinsic processes. Aim of this educational exhibit is to...
Study on Removal of Phosphorus and COD in Wastewater by Sinusoidal AC Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation
Creators: name: Peng, Qingjuan
name: Lü, Xiaoliu
name: Ou, Jinhua
name: Zhou, Yihui
name: Xu, Tao
name: Hu, Bonian
name: Yu, Gang
name: Zhu, Chunyou
name: Xie, Zhihui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In order to treat domestic wastewater containing phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the new technology of Sinusoidal Alternating Current (AC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (SACFOC) was used to improve the removal efficiency (Re) and reduce energy consumption (EEC). The morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure and functional groups of the sludge were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that total phosphorus removal efficiency {Re(TP)} and removal efficiency of organic matter {Re(COD)} can reach 97.56% and 87.77%, respectively, but EEC is only 0.09 kWh·m−3 under the optimum conditions of pH0 = 3, current density (j)  =  0.5 A·m−2, c0(TP)  =  18 mg·dm−3, c0(COD)  =  300 mg·dm−3, c0(H2O2)  =  0.06 mol·dm−3, t = 45 min. As compared with direct current (DC) Fenton Oxidation-Coagulation (DCFOC), the COD removal efficiency of SACFOC treatment was improved by 37%, but the energy consumption was reduced by 45%. The degradation process of total phosphorus and COD by SACFOC abides by the quasi-first-order kinetic model. The process of SACFOC includes double effects of electrocoagulation of iron sol by electrolysis and degrade COD by oxidation of formed hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in wastewater, which improves removal efficiency of total phosphorus and COD in wastewater. Our research findings will provide technical guidance and a theoretical basis for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater containing phosphorus and COD applying SACFOC process.
Revisiting the dialectical relationship of nature and culture in cultural-historical psychology : an interdisciplinary perspective
Creators: name: Nath, Swiya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Vygotsky (1896-1934) was an eminent Soviet scholar who saw the fragmentation between Behaviourism, Gestalt Psychology, and Introspectionism as a “crisis in psychology,” (Wertsch, 1985) and aimed to construct a research methodology that applied Marx’s historical materialism to the psychological plane (Vygotsky, 1997c). To be able to both describe and explain the development of psychological processes unique to humans, the developmental history of the human species (phylogenesis), social practices and cultural tools and signs (sociocultural history), lifespan development (ontogenesis), and the development of psychological processes themselves (microgenesis) needed to be analyzed. Each developmental history, or genetic domain (Wertsch, 1985), has its own explanatory principle since the very mode of development changes. For phylogenesis, the explanatory principle is Darwin’s theory of natural and sexual selection. For sociocultural history, it is the decontextualization of mediational means. For ontogenesis, it is the dialectical relationship between the natural and cultural lines of development. For microgenesis, it is the interfunctional relationships between psychological processes (Wertsch, 1985). The purpose of this conceptual thesis was to apply the dialectical relationship Vygotsky explicated in ontogenesis—the dialectical relation between nature and culture—across the four genetic domains given current interdisciplinary research on the neurological underpinnings of development. The methodology of philosophical inquiry was used, consisting of an in-depth literature review, integration, and application. The conceptual thesis modified Vygotsky’s genetic method of analysis in two primary ways. First, the research gathered showed that the dialectical relationship between nature and culture could be grounded by research based on technologies not available to Vygotsky and applied across all four genetic domains. Second, there is a continuation of the natural and cultural lines from phylogenesis into sociocultural history given that the field of psychology no longer subscribes to the Critical Point Theory of the origin of culture (Geertz, 1973), which was popular during Vygotsky’s time. The conceptual analysis is followed by an application using the mathematical development of the concept of abstract number as an example. A visual figure provides a research framework for future research on psychological processes, emphasizing the dialectical relationship between nature and culture across all four developmental histories.
Imaging membrane potential in dendritic spines
Creators: name: Nuriya, Mutsuo
name: Jiang, Jiang
name: Nemet, Boaz
name: Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory inputs in the brain. Although it is clear that spines compartmentalize calcium, it is still unknown what role, if any, they play in integrating synaptic inputs. To investigate the electrical function of spines directly, we used second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of membrane potential in pyramidal neurons from hippocampal cultures and neocortical brain slices. With FM 4-64 as an intracellular SHG chromophore, we imaged membrane potential in the soma, dendritic branches, and spines. The SHG response to voltage was linear and seemed based on an electro-optic mechanism. The SHG sensitivity of the chromophore in spines was similar to that of the parent dendritic shaft and the soma. Backpropagation of somatic action potentials generated SHG signals at spines with similar amplitude and kinetics to somatic ones. Our optical measurements of membrane potential from spines demonstrate directly that backpropagating action potentials invade the spines.
DNA cruciform arms nucleate through a correlated but non-synchronous cooperative mechanism
Creators: name: Matek, Christian
name: Ouldridge, Thomas E.
name: Levy, Adam
name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
name: Louis, Ard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Inverted repeat (IR) sequences in DNA can form non-canonical cruciform structures to relieve torsional stress. We use Monte Carlo simulations of a recently developed coarse-grained model of DNA to demonstrate that the nucleation of a cruciform can proceed through a cooperative mechanism. Firstly, a twist-induced denaturation bubble must diffuse so that its midpoint is near the centre of symmetry of the IR sequence. Secondly, bubble fluctuations must be large enough to allow one of the arms to form a small number of hairpin bonds. Once the first arm is partially formed, the second arm can rapidly grow to a similar size. Because bubbles can twist back on themselves, they need considerably fewer bases to resolve torsional stress than the final cruciform state does. The initially stabilised cruciform therefore continues to grow, which typically proceeds synchronously, reminiscent of the S-type mechanism of cruciform formation. By using umbrella sampling techniques we calculate, for different temperatures and superhelical densities, the free energy as a function of the number of bonds in each cruciform along the correlated but non-synchronous nucleation pathways we observed in direct simulations.
description: 12 pages main paper + 11 pages supplementary data
title: Hepatic angiomyolipoma: 13 cases on dynamic MRI with a review of the literature
Creators: name: Chiu, Jui Han
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Abdominal Viscera
subject: Abdomen
subject: Liver
subject: MR
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Cancer
subject: Retrospective
subject: Observational
subject: Performed at one institution

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To present current difficulties in the diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML) : their radiological resemblance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on dynamic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) . To review the known imaging features that may...
Absence of Vacuum Induced Berry Phases without the Rotating Wave Approximation in Cavity QED
Creators: name: Larson, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit earlier studies on Berry phases suggested to appear in certain cavity QED settings. It has been especially argued that a non-trivial geometric phase is achievable even in the situation of no cavity photons. We, however, show that such results hinge on imposing the {\it rotating wave approximation} (RWA), while without the RWA no Berry phases occur in these schemes. A geometrical interpretation of our results is obtained by introducing semi-classical energy surfaces which in a simple way brings out the phase space dynamics. With the RWA, a conical intersection between the surfaces emerges and encircling it gives rise to the Berry phase. Without the RWA, the conical intersection is absent and therefore the Berry phase vanishes. It is believed that this is a first example showing how the application of the RWA in the Jaynes-Cummings model may lead to false conclusions, regardless mutual strengths between the system parameters.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Characterizing environmental low flows in terms of magnitude, duration and frequency
Creators: name: Kenner, Scott J.
name: Nergui, Soninkhishig
name: Sodnom, Tumurchudur
name: Khurelbaatar, Tsogzolmaa
name: Action, Nutag
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2015
Subjects: environmental flow
bankfull flow

description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Presented at the Building resilience of Mongolian rangelands: a trans-disciplinary research conference held on June 9-10, 2015 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
description: Increased water demand has led to the need for development of water resources in Mongolia. With the Mongolian government implementation of integrated water resources management approach, assessing environmental flow requirements of major rivers becomes a primary issue. Using Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tools, physical habitat survey at Orkhon-Orkhon gauge site and statistical analysis of annual maximum flows, environmental low flow scenarios have been developed that attempt to reflect more "natural" characteristics of magnitude, frequency and duration. Specifically, minimum seasonal low flows of greater than the 75th percentile flow duration with bankfull flow releases during wet periods that have a duration of 12 to 24 days.
title: Imaging study of vocal cord paralysis
Creators: name: de Grazia, Jose
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Head and Neck
subject: Ear / Nose / Throat
subject: Head and neck
subject: Mediastinum
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: PET-CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Swallowing disorders
subject: Trauma
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Understand that lesions anywhere along the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves can cause vocal cord paralysis (VCP). Know the main causes of VCP. Recognize the CT characteristics of VCP and its mimics. Know the appropriate imaging studies for...
Superparabolic Level Glancing Models for Two-State Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Lehto, J.
name: Suominen, K. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Level crossing models for two-state quantum systems are applicable to a wide variety of physical problems. We address the special case of level glancing, i.e., when energy levels reach a degeneracy at a specific point of time, but never actually cross. The simplest model with such behaviour is the parabolic model, and its generalizations, which we call superparabolic models. We discuss their basic characteristics, complementing the previous work on the related nonlinear crossing models [Phys. Rev. A 59, 4580 (1999)].
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
The spine neck filters membrane potentials
Creators: name: Araya, Roberto
name: Jiang, Jiang
name: Eisenthal, Kenneth B.
name: Yuste, Rafael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Dendritic spines receive most synaptic inputs in the forebrain. Their morphology, with a spine head isolated from the dendrite by a slender neck, indicates a potential role in isolating inputs. Indeed, biochemical compartmentalization occurs at spine heads because of the diffusional bottleneck created by the spine neck. Here we investigate whether the spine neck also isolates inputs electrically. Using two-photon uncaging of glutamate on spine heads from mouse layer-5 neocortical pyramidal cells, we find that the amplitude of uncaging potentials at the soma is inversely proportional to neck length. This effect is strong and independent of the position of the spine in the dendritic tree and size of the spine head. Moreover, spines with long necks are electrically silent at the soma, although their heads are activated by the uncaging event, as determined with calcium imaging. Finally, second harmonic measurements of membrane potential reveal an attenuation of somatic voltages into the spine head, an attenuation directly proportional to neck length. We conclude that the spine neck plays an electrical role in the transmission of membrane potentials, isolating synapses electrically.
Analysis of Indian monsoon daily rainfall on subseasonal to multidecadal time-scales using a hidden Markov model
Creators: name: Greene, Arthur M.
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Kirshner, Sergey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Meteorology

description: A 70-year record of daily monsoon-season rainfall at a network of 13 stations in central western India is analyzed using a 4-state homogeneous hidden Markov model. The diagnosed states are seen to play distinct roles in the seasonal march of the monsoon, can be associated with 'active' and 'break' monsoon phases and capture the northward propagation of convective disturbances associated with the intraseasonal oscillation. Interannual variations in station rainfall are found to be associated with the alternation, from year to year, in the frequency of occurrence of wet and dry states; this mode of variability is well correlated with both all-India monsoon rainfall and an index characterizing the strength of the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Analysis of low-passed time series suggests that variations in state frequency are responsible for the modulation of monsoon rainfall on multidecadal time-scales as well.
title: Neurosyphilis: a practical approach to neuroimaging
Creators: name: Faria, Raquel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Infection
subject: AIDS
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: The purposes of this educational exhibits are: Illustrate some cases of neurosyphilis and remember their main...
title: Imaging of postpartum complications
Creators: name: Kawanami, Satoshi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Retrospective
subject: Obstetrics
subject: Education
subject: Complications
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Obstetrics (Pregnancy / birth / postnatal period)
subject: Abdomen
subject: Genitourinary

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To demonstrate common and uncommon image-findings of complications during puerperal period. Essential knowledge of the spectrum will help both general radiologist and obstetrician to make appropriate clinical decisions for new...
Tumor-promoting effects of genistein and estrogen receptor beta in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Nakamura, Hisae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Genistein is an isoflavone found in soy, and its chemotherapeutic effects have been well established from in vitro studies. Recently, however, its therapeutic actions in vivo have been questioned due to contradictory reports from animal studies, which rely on rodent models or implantation of cell lines into animals. Using patient-derived prostate cancer xenograft models, in which clinical prostatectomy samples were grafted into immune deficient mice, this study showed that genistein promoted metastatic progression in vivo. To test if the metatstasis-promoting effects of genistein may be mediated via ERβ activation, we treated the xenografted mice with genistein, an anti-estrogen compound (i.e. ICI 182 780) or a combination of both. The results showed that anti-estrogen treatment significantly decreased metastatic spread compared to genistein, which promoted lung metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression analyses showed that genistein and anti-estrogen treatments targeted the same signaling pathway but different molecules, producing opposite effects on tumour biology. Genistein stimulated expression of upstream molecules that reside in the Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) pathway, while anti-estrogen down-regulated downstream molecules within the same pathway. Further analysis of the microarray data revealed a unique set of genes that were up-regulated by genistein and also were down-regulated by ICI 182,780. Five out of the six genes identified from this comparison belonged to the metallothionein (MT) gene family. Using qRT-PCR, the changes in expression levels were validated in metastatic and non-metastatic tumour lines of LTL313b, both of which had been derived from the same PCa patient, indicating a strong association between MT gene expression and prostate cancer metastasis. In summary, genistein-activated-ERβ promotes metastasis in two ways; genomic and non-genomic pathways. In the non-genomic pathway, ERβ stimulates kinase signaling pathways, leading to cell survival and increased motility. In the genomic pathway, ERβ increases MT and/or other metastasis-associated gene expression, which can be inhibited by anti-estrogen treatment. This study has demonstrated that genistein elicits cancer promoting effects in vivo and that ERβ is important in metastatic progression of human PCa. The significant inhibition of metastasis by anti-estrogen treatment shown here potentiates a promising new selective estrogen receptor modulator treatment for metastatic patients.
Complete QCD Corrections to Hadronic $Z$--Decays in Order $α_s^4$
Creators: name: Baikov, P. A.
name: Chetyrkin, K. G.
name: Kühn, J. H.
name: Rittinger, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Corrections of order $α_s^4$ for the axial singlet contributions for the decay rates of the $Z$-boson into hadrons are evaluated in the limit of the heavy top quark mass. Combined with recently finished ${\cal O}(α_s^4)$ calculations of the non-signlet corrections, the new results directly lead us to the first {\em complete} ${\cal O}(α_s^4)$ prediction for the total hadronic decay rate of the Z-boson. The new ${\cal O}(α_s^4)$ term in Z-decay rate lead to a significant stabilization of the perturbative series, to a reduction of the theory uncertainty in the strong coupling constant $α_s$, as extracted from these measurements, and to a small shift of the central value.
Weather Types and Rainfall over Senegal. Part I: Observational Analysis
Creators: name: Moron, Vincent
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Ward, M. Neil
name: Ndiaye, Ousmane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Rain and rainfall--Analysis
Meteorology

description: A k-means cluster analysis is used to summarize unfiltered daily atmospheric variability at regional scale over the western Sahel and eastern tropical North Atlantic during the boreal summer season [July–September (JAS)] 1961–98. The analysis employs zonal and meridional regional wind fields at 925, 700, and 200 hPa from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalyses. An eight-cluster solution is shown to yield an integrated view of the complex regional circulation variability, without the need for explicit time filtering. Five of the weather types identified characterize mostly typical phases of westward-moving wave disturbances, such as African easterly waves (AEWs), and persistent monsoon surges, while the three others describe mostly different stages of the seasonal cycle. Their temporal sequencing describes a systematic monsoonal evolution, together with considerable variability at subseasonal and interannual time scales. Daily rainfall occurrence at 13 gauge stations in Senegal is found to be moderately well conditioned by the eight weather types, with positive rainfall anomalies usually associated with southerly wind anomalies at 925 hPa. Interannual variability of daily rainfall frequency is shown to depend substantially on the frequency of occurrence of weather types specific to the beginning and end of the JAS season, together with the number of persistent monsoon surges over the western Sahel. In contrast, year-to-year changes in the frequency of the weather types mostly associated with westward-moving waves such as AEWs are not found to influence seasonal frequency of occurrence of daily rainfall substantially. The fraction of seasonal rainfall variability related to weather-type frequency is found to have a strong relationship with tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs): an El Niño (La Niña) event tends to be associated with a higher (lower) frequency of dry weather types during early and late JAS season with enhanced trade winds over the western Sahel, together with lower (higher) prevalence of persistent monsoon surges. The component of seasonal rainfall variability not related to weather-type frequency is characterized by changes in rainfall probability within each weather type, especially those occurring in the core of the JAS season; it exhibits a larger decadal component that is associated with an SST pattern previously identified with recent observed trends in Sahel rainfall.
Can Medicaid Reimbursement Help Give Female Condoms a Second Chance in the United States?
Creators: name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Stefano, Kyle
name: Hawkins, Courtney E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Social sciences--Research
Public health

description: The female condom is the only other barrier contraception method besides the male condom, and it is the only "woman-initiated" device for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Although studies demonstrate high acceptability and effectiveness for this device, overall use in the United States remains low. The female condom has been available through Medicaid in many states since 1994. We provide the first published summary of data on Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom. Our findings demonstrate low rates of claims for female condoms but high rates of reimbursement. In light of the 2009 approval of a new, cheaper female condom and the recent passage of comprehensive health care reform, we call for research examining how health care providers can best promote consumer use of Medicaid reimbursement to obtain this important infection-prevention device.
Sexual Risk Behaviors, Alcohol Abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Sex Workers in Mongolia: Implications for HIV Prevention Intervention Development
Creators: name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Batsukh, Altantsetseg
name: Chang, Mingway P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Social psychology
Public health

description: This study examines HIV/STI risk behaviors, alcohol abuse, intimate partner violence, and psychological distress among 48 female sex workers in Mongolia to inform the design of a gender-specific, HIV/STI prevention intervention for this population. Quantitative findings demonstrate that over 85% of women reported drinking alcohol at harmful levels; 70% reported using condoms inconsistently with any sexual partner; 83% reported using alcohol before engaging in sex with paying partners; and 38% reported high levels of depression. Focus group findings provide contextual support and narrative descriptions for the ways that poverty, alcohol abuse, interpersonal violence, and cultural norms that stigmatize and marginalize women are intertwined risk factors for STIs, including HIV, among these vulnerable women.
CLC Estimator Sample Dataset
Creators: name: Marzi, Giacomo
name: Balzano, Marco
name: Egidi, Leonardo
name: Magrini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computational statistics
Applied statistics

description: Sample Dataset in .csv format (comma delimiter) to be used with CLC Estimator. CLC Estimator App and Official Website: https://clcestimator.com Video Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P57WU1o5KsM Direct access to the CLC Estimator App: https://plsdeams.shinyapps.io/CLC_Estimator/
 Marzi, G., Balzano, M., Egidi, L., Magrini, A. (2023). CLC Estimator: A Tool for Latent Construct Estimation via Congeneric Approaches in Survey Research. Multivariate Behavioral Research. DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2023.2193718 – Post Print PDF – Published PDF
Loop-Less Electric Dipole Moment of the Nucleon in the Standard Model
Creators: name: Mannel, Th.
name: Uraltsev, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that the electric dipole moment of the neutron in the Standard Model is generated already at tree level to the second order in the weak interactions due to bound-state effects, without short-distance Penguin loops. The related contribution has a regular nonvanishing chiral limit and does not depend on the mass splitting between s and d quarks. We estimate it to be roughly 10^(-31)e*cm and expect a more accurate evaluation in the future. We comment on the connection between d_n and the direct CP-violation in D decays.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Exploring an immune cells-related molecule in STEMI by bioinformatics analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Min
name: Li, Jiaxing
name: Hua, Cuncun
name: Niu, Jiayin
name: Liu, Pengfei
name: Zhong, Guangzhen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Optically detecting the quantization of collective atomic motion
Creators: name: Brahms, Nathan
name: Botter, Thierry
name: Schreppler, Sydney
name: Brooks, Daniel W. C.
name: Stamper-Kurn, Dan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We directly measure the quantized collective motion of a gas of thousands of ultracold atoms, coupled to light in a high-finesse optical cavity. We detect strong asymmetries, as high as 3:1, in the intensity of light scattered into low- and high-energy motional sidebands. Owing to high cavity-atom cooperativity, the optical output of the cavity contains a spectroscopic record of the energy exchanged between light and motion, directly quantifying the heat deposited by a quantum position measurement's backaction. Such backaction selectively causes the phonon occupation of the observed collective modes to increase with the measurement rate. These results, in addition to providing a method for calibrating the motion of low-occupation mechanical systems, offer new possibilities for investigating collective modes of degenerate gases and for diagnosing optomechanical measurement backaction.
description: 4 pages plus supplemental material