cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Physeter tursio Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Physeteridae
Physeter
Physeter tursio

description: Physeter tursio [spec. nov.]
B. dorsi pinna altissima, apice dentium plano. Art. gen. 74. syn. 104. Syst. nat. 39. n. 2.
Balaena macrocephala tripinnis, quae in mandibula inferiore dentes habet minus inflexos & in planum desinentes. Raj. pisc. 16.
Habitat in Oceano septentrionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 77, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Cardiac motion and function analysis using MR imaging
Creators: name: Wang, Haiyan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Cardiacvascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of death in the world, claiming 17.3 million lives a year according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The development of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has provided clinicians and researchers with effective tools to detect, assess and monitor the progress of the disease and treatments. MR imaging produces images with high spatial resolution using noninvasive and non-ionising techniques. However, quantitative analysis of the cardiovascular system from MR images remains challenging. The work presented in this thesis focuses on the utilization of cardiac motion information including motion tracking, quantification of the motion and prediction of clinical variables by incorporating motion information. The first main contributions of the thesis are approaches for sparse and dense motion tracking: a sparse set of key landmarks is detected and tracked. They are used as constraints to perform cardiac dense motion tracking using both 3D tagged and untagged image sequences from short-axis and long-axis MR views simultaneously. In order to improve speed and accuracy of the motion tracking, we also develop an approach to identify and track a sparse set of distinctive landmarks in the presence of relatively large deformations for myocardium motion tracking without applying dense motion tracking. An integrated framework is proposed to combine entropy and SVD-based sparse landmark detection with a MRF-based motion tracking framework. In addition, the regional wall thickness systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) derived directly from sparse motion tracking provides accurate quantification of LV motion, which agrees well with the clinical measurements. In our last contribution, we successfully used manifold learning as a feature selection approach for a SVM-based classification and regression to analyse 209 cardiac MR image sequences. The SVM-based approaches directly operate on the manifold coordinates of the MR images without requiring any non-rigid registration or segmentation and is hence computationally efficient. We demonstrate that, by considering both inter- and intra-subject variation in the manifold learning, we are able to extract both anatomical and functional information. This can be used to construct powerful and reliable classifiers that are more predictive than global indices such as LV volume and mass. The manifold allows for investigating how much temporal information is needed improve the classification performance. The regression experiments demonstrate that there is a very strong correlation between manifold coordinates and obesity indices.
Breaking degeneracies in modified gravity with higher (than 2nd) order weak-lensing statistics
Creators: name: Peel, Austin
name: Pettorino, Valeria
name: Giocoli, Carlo
name: Starck, Jean-Luc
name: Baldi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity (GR) has been well tested up to solar system scales, but it is much less certain that standard gravity remains an accurate description on the largest, that is, cosmological, scales. Many extensions to GR have been studied that are not yet ruled out by the data, including by that of the recent direct gravitational wave detections. Degeneracies among the standard model ($Λ$CDM) and modified gravity (MG) models, as well as among different MG parameters, must be addressed in order to best exploit information from current and future surveys and to unveil the nature of dark energy. We propose various higher-order statistics in the weak-lensing signal as a new set of observables able to break degeneracies between massive neutrinos and MG parameters. We have tested our methodology on so-called $f(R)$ models, which constitute a class of viable models that can explain the accelerated universal expansion by a modification of the fundamental gravitational interaction. We have explored a range of these models that still fit current observations at the background and linear level, and we show using numerical simulations that certain models which include massive neutrinos are able to mimic $Λ$CDM in terms of the 3D power spectrum of matter density fluctuations. We find that depending on the redshift and angular scale of observation, non-Gaussian information accessed by higher-order weak-lensing statistics can be used to break the degeneracy between $f(R)$ models and $Λ$CDM. In particular, peak counts computed in aperture mass maps outperform third- and fourth-order moments.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables; appendix and references added; matches published version
Approximation, analysis and control of large-scale systems - Theory and Applications
Creators: name: Scarciotti, Giordano
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This work presents some contributions to the fields of approximation, analysis and control of large-scale systems. Consequently the Thesis consists of three parts. The first part covers approximation topics and includes several contributions to the area of model reduction. Firstly, model reduction by moment matching for linear and nonlinear time-delay systems, including neutral differential time-delay systems with discrete-delays and distributed delays, is considered. Secondly, a theoretical framework and a collection of techniques to obtain reduced order models by moment matching from input/output data for linear (time-delay) systems and nonlinear (time-delay) systems is presented. The theory developed is then validated with the introduction and use of a low complexity algorithm for the fast estimation of the moments of the NETS-NYPS benchmark interconnected power system. Then, the model reduction problem is solved when the class of input signals generated by a linear exogenous system which does not have an implicit (differential) form is considered. The work regarding the topic of approximation is concluded with a chapter covering the problem of model reduction for linear singular systems. The second part of the Thesis, which concerns the area of analysis, consists of two very different contributions. The first proposes a new "discontinuous phasor transform" which allows to analyze in closed-form the steady-state behavior of discontinuous power electronic devices. The second presents in a unified framework a class of theorems inspired by the Krasovskii-LaSalle invariance principle for the study of "liminf" convergence properties of solutions of dynamical systems. Finally, in the last part of the Thesis the problem of finite-horizon optimal control with input constraints is studied and a methodology to compute approximate solutions of the resulting partial differential equation is proposed.
Inverse Dynamical Population Synthesis and Star Formation
Creators: name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the hypothesis that stars form in aggregates of binary systems and that the dynamical evolution of these aggregates leads to the observed properties of binary stars in the Galactic field. We assume that the initial distribution of periods is flat in logP, where P is the orbital period in days, and 37.5. After the cluster with R=0.8pc disintegrates we obtain a population which consists of about 60 per cent binary systems with a period distribution for logP>4 as is observed and in which the G-dwarf binaries have a mass ratio distribution which agrees with the observed distribution. This result indicates that the majority of Galactic field stars may originate from a clustered star formation mode. We invert the orbit depletion function and obtain an approximation to the initial binary star period distribution for star formation in the dominant mode cluster. Comparison with the measured distribution of orbits for pre-main sequence stars suggests that the initial distribution may not depend on the star formation environment. Inverse dynamical population synthesis suggests that the Galactic field stellar mass function may be related to the stellar density at birth in the most common, or dominant, mode of star formation.
description: MNRAS (in press), 21 pages, plain TeX, figures available via FAX or air-mail
Light trapping structures for photovoltaics using silicon nanowires and silicon micro-pyramids
Creators: name: Rahman, Tasmiat
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The current photovoltaic industry is dominated by crystalline or poly-crystalline Si in a planar pn-junction configuration. The use of silicon nanowire arrays (SiNWA) within this industry has shown great promise due to its application as an anti-reflective layer, as well as benefits in charge carrier extraction. In this work, we use a metal assisted chemical etch process to fabricate SiNWAs onto a dense periodic array of pyramids that are formed using an alkaline etch masked with an oxide layer. The hybrid micro-nano structure acts as an anti-reflective coating with experimental reflectivity below 1% over the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. This represents an improvement of up to 11 and 14 times compared to the pyramid array and SiNWAs on bulk, respectively. In addition to the experimental work, we optically simulate the hybrid structure using the commercial Lumerical FDTD package. The results of the optical simulations support our experimental work, illustrating a reduced reflectivity in the hybrid structure. The nanowire array increases the absorbed carrier density within the pyramid by providing a guided transition of the refractive index along the light path from air into the silicon. Furthermore, electrical simulations which take into account surface and Auger recombination show an effi ciency increase for the hybrid structure of 56% over bulk, 11% over pyramid array and 8.5% over SiNWAs. Opto-electronic modelling was performed by establishing a tool flow to integrate the eff ective optical simulator Lumerical FDTD with the excellent fabrication and electrical simulation capability of Sentaurus TCAD. Interfacing between the two packages is achieved through tool command language and Matlab, off ering fast and accurate electro-optical characteristics of nano-structured PV devices.
Quantum Effects in a Mechanically Modulated Single Photon Emitter
Creators: name: Abdi, Mehdi
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observation of quantum emitters in monolayers of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has provided a novel platform for optomechanical experiments where the single-photon emitters can couple to the motion of freely suspended h-BN membrane. Here, we propose a scheme where the electronic degree of freedom of an embedded color center is coupled to the motion of the hosting h-BN resonator via dispersive forces. We show that the coupling of membrane vibrations to the electronic degree of freedom of the emitter can reach the strong regime. By suitable driving of a three-level $Λ$-system composed of two spin degrees of freedom in the electronic ground state as well as an isolated excited state of the emitter a multiple electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum becomes available. The experimental feasibility of the efficient vibrational ground-state cooling of the membrane via quantum interference effects in the two-color drive scheme is numerically confirmed. More interestingly, the emission spectrum of the defect exhibits a frequency comb with frequency spacings as small as the fundamental vibrational mode, which finds applications in high-precision spectroscopy.
description: Published version
Fast Rotation of Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Lasota, J. -P.
name: Haensel, P.
name: Abramowicz, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for realistic equations of state of dense matter, the universal proportionality factor relating the maximum rotation rate of neutron stars due to mass-shedding limit to the mass and radius of maximum allowable mass configuration of non-rotating models results from a universal proportionality between masses and radii of static maximum-mass neutron stars and those of maximally rotating configurations. These empirical relations cannot be obtained in the slow rotation approximation.
description: 12 pages, LateX, uses aaspp.sty file, figures (Postscript files) available from haensel@camk.edu.pl; to be published in the Astrophysical Journal
Hierarchical interpretations for neural network predictions
Creators: name: Singh, Chandan
name: Murdoch, W. James
name: Yu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved impressive predictive performance due to their ability to learn complex, non-linear relationships between variables. However, the inability to effectively visualize these relationships has led to DNNs being characterized as black boxes and consequently limited their applications. To ameliorate this problem, we introduce the use of hierarchical interpretations to explain DNN predictions through our proposed method, agglomerative contextual decomposition (ACD). Given a prediction from a trained DNN, ACD produces a hierarchical clustering of the input features, along with the contribution of each cluster to the final prediction. This hierarchy is optimized to identify clusters of features that the DNN learned are predictive. Using examples from Stanford Sentiment Treebank and ImageNet, we show that ACD is effective at diagnosing incorrect predictions and identifying dataset bias. Through human experiments, we demonstrate that ACD enables users both to identify the more accurate of two DNNs and to better trust a DNN's outputs. We also find that ACD's hierarchy is largely robust to adversarial perturbations, implying that it captures fundamental aspects of the input and ignores spurious noise.
description: Published in ICLR 2019
Synchronisation in random dynamical systems
Creators: name: Newman, Julian
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In this thesis, we develop a deeper and much more extensive theory of synchronisation of trajectories of random dynamical systems (RDS) than currently exists. In particular, focusing on random dynamical systems with memoryless noise, we achieve two main goals: Firstly, we demonstrate that the notion of "statistical equilibria" is purely a property of the measurable dynamics of a RDS on a standard Borel space; and yet, within such statistical equilibria is "encoded" the phenomenon of noise-induced synchronisation (which may then be observed in *any* compatible metric on the phase space). Secondly, we provide new, widely applicable criteria for synchronisation in RDS, considerably improving upon some of the existing criteria for synchronisation.
Secure and Privacy Preserving Consensus for Second-order Systems Based on Paillier Encryption
Creators: name: Fang, Wentuo
name: Zamani, Mohsen
name: Chen, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper aims at secure and privacy preserving consensus algorithms of networked systems. Due to the technical challenges behind decentralized design of such algorithms, the existing results are mainly restricted to a network of systems with simplest first-order dynamics. Like many other control problems, breakthrough of the gap between first-order dynamics and higher-order ones demands for more advanced technical developments. In this paper, we explore a Paillier encryption based average consensus algorithm for a network of systems with second-order dynamics, with randomness added to network weights. The conditions for privacy preserving, especially depending on consensus rate, are thoroughly studied with theoretical analysis and numerical verification.
NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope:Visiting a Time When Galaxies Were Young
Creators: name: Seery, Bernard D.
name: Smith, Eric P.
name: Mather, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the discovery of galaxies that existed when the universe was very young (approximately 5 percent of its current age), of planets not in our own solar system, and with the tantalizing evidence that the conditions for life may have existed within our solar system on planets or moons outside of the earth system, the past year has seen an explosion of interest in astronomy. In particular, a new era of exploration and understanding seems imminent, where the connection between the existence for the conditions of life will be connected to the origin of galaxies, stars and planets within the Universe. Who knows where this quest for knowledge will take us? Keywords: Active Optics, Next Generation Space Telescope, Deployables, Detectors, NGST.
description: 10 page PDF file. To appear in "NGST - Science Drivers & Technical Challenges", 34th Liege Astrophysics Colloquium, eds. Benvenuti, P. et al, ESA Publications
Extragalactic radio source evolution under the dual-population unification scheme
Creators: name: Jackson, C A
name: Wall, J V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a dual-population unification scheme provides a successful paradigm with which to describe the evolution and beaming of all bright extragalactic radio sources. The paradigm consists of two intrinsic radio-source populations, based on the two distinct radio-galaxy morphologies of Fanaroff-Riley classes I and II. These represent the `unbeamed' or `side-on' parent populations of steep radio spectra; the `beamed' source types including flat-spectrum quasars and BL Lac objects, arise through the random alignment of their radio-axis to our line-of-sight where Doppler-beaming of the relativistic radio jets produces highly anisotropic radio emission.
description: 18 pages & 18 postscript figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Stochastic models of Malaysian weather
Creators: name: Schmid, Matthias
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Accurate, stochastic representations of rainfall structures and weather patterns in the space-time dimension are a challenging task. Recently, efforts have been focused on the simulation of large spatial fields, representation of higher-order statistics, simulation of spatial extremes and overcoming the problem of overdispersion – an underrepresentation of inter- and intraannual variance in weather generator simulations. In this dissertation, these issues are adressed by presenting three different multisite methodologies – a “conventional” rainfall generator using orthogonal Markov chains with Richardson-type separation in event-amount generation (multisite, PXEOF-enhanced orthogonal Markov chain model methodology), a more novel approach using multivariate EOFs to express precipitation in the region as a two-component combination of deterministic evolution patterns and corresponding stochastic amplitude coupled with an autoregressive moving average model (multisite, ARMA-enhanced PXEOF model methodology) and, finally, a multivariable extension for the simulation of four meteorological variables with improved interannual variability on the station level (multivariable, multisite PXEOF-EEOF model methodology). Based on above methodologies, 1,000 to 10,000 years of daily simulated weather for 196 stations (20 stations in the case of the multisite, multivariable framework) in Peninsular Malaysia were generated. Statistical characteristics of the synthetic dataset are examined in comparison with the observational record and comparisons between models are made. Regarding the ARMA-enhanced PXEOF model methodology, the need for an autoregressive model component to improve short-term rainfall dependence is demonstrated and model evaluation is focused on a slightly ‘neglected’ topic, often missing from model evaluations in the literature - spatial rainfall footprints and areal statistics. For the multivariable, multisite PXEOF-EEOF model methodology, the spatial and cross-variable correlation structure as well as the effect of introducing interannual correlations is investigated in further detail. The thesis concludes by summarizing benefits and challenges of using multivariate EOFs in weather generators and a recommendation for the shift towards a more parsimonious model framework with modular structure is made.
Non-Flat Power Spectra in the CDM Model
Creators: name: Semig, Lutz V.
name: Mueller, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard inflation with one scalar field produces primordial perturbations with a nearly flat ('Harrison-Zeldovich') power spectrum. Here we consider first, a double inflation spectrum, and second, a massive scalar field with an interaction potential which mimics an early quartic interaction, but fading away at a characteristic scale. We solve numerically the linear perturbation equations with initial conditions due to scalar field quantum fluctuations at the initial horizon crossing. The resulting power spectra are shown to be non-flat, exhibiting either a break or a valley. Using the transfer function of cold dark matter model we study the influence of the shape of primordial power spectra on observations of large scale structure in the universe. We compare the power spectra in redshift space with reconstructed power spectra from the IRAS catalogue. Further we discuss the variances of galaxy counts in cells, and the mass function of galaxy clusters. Comparison with standard CDM demonstrates the advantages and benefits of the more complicated initial spectra.
description: gzip-compressed postscript file including figures
Delphinus Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Delphinus

description: Delphinus [gen. nov.]
Dentes in maxilla utraque.
Fistula in capite.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 77, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Effect of second order piezoelectricity on excitonic structure of stress-tuned InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Klenovský, Petr
name: Steindl, Petr
name: Aberl, Johannes
name: Zallo, Eugenio
name: Trotta, Rinaldo
name: Rastelli, Armando
name: Fromherz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of the nonlinear piezoelectricity and the In distribution on the exciton energy, the electron-hole electric dipole moment, and the fine-structure splitting in stress-tunable InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots integrated onto a piezoelectric actuator. In particular, we investigate in detail the contributions of various elements of the expansion of the electrical polarization in terms of externally induced elastic strain on the latter two important quantum dot properties. Based on the comparison of the effects of first- and second-order piezoelectricity we provide a simple relation to estimate the influence of applied anisotropic stress on the quantum dot dipole moment for quantum dots significantly lattice mismatched to the host crystal.
Building capacity for effective ocean management in the Atlantic region: Examples from iAtlantic
Creators: name: von Pogrell, L.
name: Boteler, B.
name: Gunn, V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: iAtlantic Policy Brief

Building capacity for effective ocean management in the Atlantic region: Examples from iAtlantic

Key messages:• The availability of accessible, user friendly and cost-effective deep-ocean technology that can be easily deployed and efficiently maintained is essential in supporting countries’ contribution to global ocean sustainability goals.• Co-designing research programmes and creating collaborative and supportive networks across the Atlantic region is critical to maximise the impact of scientific research, translate it into ‘actionable knowledge’ and shape ocean policy and governance regimes at ocean basin scale.• Research expeditions are crucial for collecting deep-sea data but the high cost of seagoing research creates an imbalance in research opportunities, disadvantaging scientists based in countries without access to research vessels.• Enabling researcher mobility supports the exchange of knowledge and skills between individuals and research groups, helps to build new and strengthen existing networks, facilitates collaboration and broadens the horizons of individual researchers.• A standardised approach to deep-sea data collection and open-access storage in centralised long-term data repositories and catalogues is essential. User friendly and accessible platforms and tools that can be used by stakeholders from diverse backgrounds to share data and fulfil commitments to diverse policy initiatives are key.• The communication gap between (ocean) researchers and decision-makers is a recognised challenge that can hinder progress in achieving sustainable ocean management. Improving scientists’ understanding of policy needs and priorities, as well as policymakers’ understanding of scientific challenges and limitations is crucial in addressing this lacuna.
Thermal Emission from Nanoplasmonic Structures in Near-and-Far-Fields: Numerical Simulation, Device Fabrication, and Characterization
Creators: name: Yu, Bowen
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91399 Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Thermal radiation originates from photons which are spontaneously emitted by different points in a thermal source. All matter with a temperature greater than 0K emits thermal radiation, which in turn can extract temperature distribution for all optical and electronic materials and devices. The classic model was found by Max Planck, which describes the spectral density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a blackbody in the thermal equilibrium at a given temperature. A blackbody is an ideal emitter which absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation from all frequencies and angles of incidence. All other emissions are studied with the reference of the blackbody following the properties of emission and absorption. Emissivity is core in thermal devices, both source and receiver. Thermal emission is a fundamental phenomenon for which any object with temperature greater than absolute zero emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. The thermal emission from a blackbody (an ideal thermal emitter) only depends on its temperature, as described by Planck’s law. For a nonideal thermal emitter, i.e., a gray body, thermal emission also depends on how effectively the emitter can radiate, quantified as its emissivity.In this dissertation, I systematically investigate the thermal emission from nanoplamonic structures in both near- and far-field regimes such as metasurfaces, 2D materials, single plasmonic emitter, etc. I implement numerical simulations to investigate the directional control of narrow-band perfect thermal emission using a nanoscale Yagi–Uda antenna consisting of an array of nanowires. Then I fabricate single plasmonic device and plasmonic structures via the state-of-the-art micro and nanofabrication techniques including electron beam (e-beam) lithography, photolithography, e-beam evaporation, reactive ion etching (RIE), wet etching, focused ion beam (FIB), etc. Finally, I demonstrate the unique properties of the nanoplasmonic structures we fabricate via thermal and optical characterization.
Female fertility in the cancer setting: availability and quality of online health information
Creators: name: Man, Anne Marie De
name: Rashedi, Alexandra
name: Nelen, Willianne
name: Anazodo, Antoinette
name: Rademaker, Alfred
name: Roo, Saskia De
name: Beerendonk, Catharina
name: Woodruff, Teresa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: As cancer survival rates continue to increase, so does the relevance of starting or expanding a family after cancer, impacting quality of life. However, the option of fertility preservation is not always addressed by physicians before treatment. In the meanwhile, many patients look for health information online. Although potentially helpful in the decision-making process, the Internet could also have adverse effects for this vulnerable patient group when information is incorrect. We aimed to assess the availability and quality of information on female oncofertility on websites of (inter)national oncology, fertility and oncofertility organizations. Availability was identified using an original checklist. Quality was measured by reliability (DISCERN and LIDA instruments), usability (LIDA instrument), and readability (Flesch Kincaid Grade Level test). Of all investigated websites, 52% contained information on oncofertility, with 32% containing a stand-alone page. Of those sites, the amount of treatment options covered were equivalent between specialty sites and general fertility and oncology sites (p = 0.07). The quality of information on treatment choices was the highest for oncofertility websites. Reliability and usability did not differ significantly between websites. No websites evaluated were at the recommended 7th–8th grade reading level. Availability and quality should be improved, and high-quality resources are recommended by physicians.
Structure formation: Models, Dynamics and Status
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The constraints on the models for the structure formation arising from various cosmological observations at different length scales are reviewed. The status of different models for structure formation is examined critically in the light of these observations.
description: Latex, 10 pages, uses crckapb.sty; Invited Review at IAU Symposium 173, "Gravitational Lensing", Melbourne, July 1995; to appear in the proceedings; eds. C.Kochanek and J.Hewitt
Delphinus phocoena Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Delphinus
Delphinus phocoena

description: Delphinus phocoena [spec. nov.]
D. corpore subconiformi, dorso lato, rostro subobtuso. Art. gen. 75. syn. 104. Faun. svec. 266. Syst. nat. 39. n. 1.
Phocoena s. Tursio. Bell. pisc. 16. Gesn. pisc. 711.
Phocoena. Rond. pisc. 473. Will. icht. 31. Raj. pisc. 13.
Habitat in Oceano Europaeo, & Balthico.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 77, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Dynamics of spatially localized states in transitional plane Couette flow
Creators: name: Pershin, Anton
name: Beaume, Cedric
name: Tobias, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unsteady spatially localized states such as puffs, slugs or spots play an important role in transition to turbulence. In plane Couette flow, steady versions of these states are found on two intertwined solution branches describing homoclinic snaking (Schneider $\textit{et al.}$ 2010a). These branches can be used to generate a number of spatially localized initial conditions whose transition can be investigated. From the low Reynolds numbers where homoclinic snaking is first observed ($Re < 175$) to transitional ones ($Re \approx 325$), these spatially localized states traverse various regimes where their relaminarisation time and dynamics are affected by the dynamical structure of phase space. These regimes are reported and characterised in this paper for a $4π$ periodic domain in the streamwise direction as a function of the two remaining variables: the Reynolds number and the width of the localized pattern. Close to the snaking, localized states are attracted by spatially localized periodic orbits before relaminarising. At larger values of the Reynolds number, the flow enters a chaotic transient of variable duration before relaminarising. Very long chaotic transients ($t > 10^4$) can be observed without difficulty for relatively low values of the Reynolds number ($Re \approx 250$).
Our Data, Our Rules: A How-To Guide for Environmental Data Co-Ownership
Creators: name: Marques, Leticia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: data ownership
environmental data
data stewardship
data governance

description: With the growing availability of environmental data, there has also been an increase in collaboration between organizations to efficiently collect, use, and manage the data to inform their programs. These collaborations typically involve joint ownership over the data collected by the partnering organizations. Data co-ownership refers to multiple organizations sharing the responsibility of managing a set of data, meaning ownership is divided between the organizations or individuals involved. To set the expectations and guidelines on the management and use of the data, these organizations can create a data co-ownership agreement. This how-to guide zine aims to help you and your partnering organizations understand how to navigate data co-ownership and begin drafting a data co-ownership agreement to outline the goals and expectations for your data.
Distances to Nearby Galaxies: Combining Fragmentary Data Using Four Different Methods
Creators: name: Huterer, Dragan
name: Sasselov, Dimitar D.
name: Schechter, Paul L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primary distance indicators are established in our Galaxy and the Local Group. There are at least four different methods which give good distances: methods using proper motions, RR Lyraes, Cepheid variables, and Type II supernovae. However the data on independent distances is very fragmentary, due partly to nature and partly to technological limits. As a result the data are rarely put together in a consistent way; instead, the discussion of distance scales is often focused on one or two methods or on individual objects. Hence the question: what is the current situation with our overall knowledge of distances to the nearby galaxies? We try to answer this question by combining the fragmentary data from all four methods for fifteen objects: the galactic center, the globular clusters M2, M3, M4, M13, M22, M92, and 47 Tuc, the galaxies IC1613, M31, M33, M81, M100, and M101, and the Large Magellanic Cloud. We pay special attention to covariances among the different distance estimates. This most complete combination to date shows that all four methods are consistent within their random and systematic uncertainties.
description: 28 pages of uuencoded compressed postscript text and figures. To appear in the Astronomical Journal (December 1995)
Extended noncommutative Minkowski spacetimes and hybrid gauge symmetries
Creators: name: Ballesteros, Angel
name: Mercati, Flavio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Lie bialgebra structures that can be built on the one-dimensional central extension of the Poincaré and (A)dS algebras in (1+1) dimensions. These central extensions admit more than one interpretation, but the simplest one is that they describe the symmetries of (the noncommutative deformation of) an Abelian gauge theory, $U(1)$ or $SO(2)$ on the (1+1) dimensional Minkowski or (A)dS spacetime. We show that this highlights the possibility that the algebra of functions on the gauge bundle becomes noncommutative. This is a new way in which the Coleman-Mandula theorem could be circumvented by noncommutative structures, and it is related to a mixing of spacetime and gauge symmetry generators when they act on tensor-product states. We obtain all Lie bialgebra structures on centrally-extended Poincaré and (A)dS which are coisotropic w.r.t. the Lorentz algebra, and therefore all of them admit the construction of a noncommutative principal gauge bundle on a quantum homogeneous Minkowski spacetime. It is shown that several different types of hybrid noncommutativity between the spacetime and gauge coordinates are allowed by introducing quantum extended Poincaré symmetries. In one of these cases, an alternative interpretation of the central extension leads to a new description of the well-known canonical noncommutative spacetime as the quantum homogeneous space of a quantum Poincaré algebra of symmetries.
description: 18 pages
Expansion of W 3(OH)
Creators: name: Kawamura, Jonathan H.
name: Masson, Colin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A direct measurement of the expansion of W 3(OH) is made by comparing Very Large Array images taken about 10 yr apart. The expansion is anisotropic with a typical speed of 3 to 5 km/s, indicating a dynamical age of only 2300 yr. These observations are inconsistent with either the freely expanding shell model or a simple bow shock model. The most favored model is a slowly expanding shell-like HII region, with either a fast rarefied flow or another less massive diffuse ionized region moving towards the observer. There is also a rapidly evolving source near the projected center of emission, perhaps related to the central star.
description: LaTeX file, 28 pages, includes 8 figures. To appear in ApJ in December 10 (1998) issue. Also available at http://www.submm.caltech.edu/~kawamura/w3oh_pp.ps
Mathematical techniques for assessing cardiac wavefront dynamics
Creators: name: Roney, Caroline Helen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Electrical signals measured during cardiac arrhythmias may be difficult to analyse and there are multiple challenges associated with their interpretation, including noise, variability between and within datasets, data resolution, and complicated wavefront behaviour. This thesis aimed to develop and test techniques for analysing cardiac electrical wavefront dynamics applied to in vitro, in silico in vivo data. One such technique was developed to determine conduction velocity and to estimate the location of the origin of a focal source, assuming either a planar or circular wavefront, measured from any arbitrary arrangement of recording points. This algorithmic technique performed well on simulated and clinical data, and was extended to incorporate curvature of the atrium. The sensitivity to filtering and post-processing parameters of a technique for tracking rotational sources in optical mapping experiments was investigated, and an optimal parameter set was determined. This was used alongside a technique developed to calculate the distribution of new wavefront initiation sites, in order to gain insight into the mechanisms sustaining atrial fibrillation. The technique for tracking rotational sources was extended to work for unipolar and bipolar electrogram data. This extension was tested in simulation against action potential data, where the modalities (unipolar electrogram, bipolar electrogram and action potential phase) were found to perform similarly; and then applied to experimental and clinical electrograms. Rotational content and activation maps were found to be similar for clinical unipolar and bipolar phase. The developed techniques were used to investigate the effects of spatial resolution on the identification of rotors and focal sources, as a function of the distance between successive wavefronts. A technique was presented to estimate this distance from a small number of measuring points, providing experimental and clinical utility. These requirements were then tested for simulated high-density mapping catheters and basket catheters, where all catheters provided sufficient resolution.
Delphinus delphis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Delphinidae
Delphinus
Delphinus delphis

description: Delphinus delphis [spec. nov.]
D. corpore oblongo subtereti, rostro attenuato acuto. Art. gen. 76. syn. 105. Syst. nat. 39. n. 2.
Delphinus. Bell. pisc. 9. Rond. pisc. 459.
Delphinus antiquorum. Raj. pisc. 12. Will. pisc. 28.
Habitat in Oceano Europaeo.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 77, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
LA POLITIQUE DE FINANCEMENT DES START-UPS DU MALI : CAS DE BAMAKO
Creators: name: Aliou Boubou SIDIBE
name: Lamine TRAORE
name: TRAORE Sékou
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Un projet de start-up se distingue par son caractère de fort potentiel de croissance. Sa création s’accompagne de véritables perspectives de développement rapide et à grande échelle. Créer une startup diffère alors des autres projets entrepreneuriaux par son fondement, ses objectifs, les outils de son développement et sa mise en œuvre. Il est d’une importance primordiale pour un porteur de projet de maitriser les notions en relation avec le développement d’idées de start-up et le processus de création de cette dernière ainsi que les moyens de financement classiques misent en disposition et les nouvelles formes de financements modernes plus adaptées permises par le développement des nouvelles technologies dans les FinTech, dans ce contexte le présent travail de recherche se fixe trois objectifs spécifiques. Dans un premier, à travers la statistique descriptive, il Identifie les modes de financement des start-ups au Mali. Dans le deuxième, il identifie les modes de financement les plus utilisés à l’aide d’une régression de corrélation bilatérale. En troisième, à l’aide du questionnaire, il identifie les difficultés liées à l’acquisition des emprunts bancaires liées au financement des start-ups.

Il ressort dans le résultat que les modes de financement des start-ups au mali sont le financement participatif et l’emprunt bancaire. Parmi les modes de financement, les résultats indiquent que le mode financement participatif est le plus utilisés. Donc en dernier ressort, il est apparu que le mode de financement participatif est corrélé positivement aux sources de financement des start-ups et significatif au seuil de 5%. A cet effet, il convient de noter que les start-ups peuvent combiner plusieurs sources de financement pour répondre à leurs besoins en capitaux. Chaque source de financement a ses propres avantages et inconvénients, et le choix dépendra de la situation spécifique de la start-up et de ses objectifs à long terme.
Higgs boson pair production in non-linear Effective Field Theory with full $m_t$-dependence at NLO QCD
Creators: name: Buchalla, G.
name: Capozi, M.
name: Celis, A.
name: Heinrich, G.
name: Scyboz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the NLO QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production within the framework of a non-linearly realised Effective Field Theory in the Higgs sector, described by the electroweak chiral Lagrangian. We analyse how the NLO corrections affect distributions in the Higgs boson pair invariant mass and the transverse momentum of one of the Higgs bosons. We find that these corrections lead to significant and non-homogeneous K-factors in certain regions of the parameter space. We also provide an analytical parametrisation for the total cross-section and the $m_{hh}$ distribution as a function of the anomalous Higgs couplings that includes NLO corrections. Such a parametrisation can be useful for phenomenological studies.
description: 40 pages, 26 figures, v2: published version; v3: ancillary files for 13, 14 and 27 TeV for LO and NLO differential cross sections and usage example added
Refining baseline estimates of dengue transmissibility and implications for control
Creators: name: Imai, Natsuko
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Climate change, globalisation and increased travel, increasing urban populations, overcrowding, continued poverty, and the breakdown of public health infrastructure are among the factors contributing to the 30-fold increase in total dengue incidence in the past 50 years. Consequently, with an estimated 40% of the world’s population at risk of infection, dengue is now the world’s most important mosquito-borne viral infection. However estimates of dengue transmissibility and burden remain ambiguous. Since the majority of infections are asymptomatic, surveillance systems substantially underestimate true rates of infection. With advances in the development of novel control measures and the recent licensing of the Sanofi Dengvaxia® dengue vaccine, obtaining robust estimates of average dengue transmission intensity is key for estimating both the burden of disease from dengue and the likely impact of interventions. Given the highly spatially heterogeneous nature of dengue transmission, future planning, implementation, and evaluation of control programs are likely to require a spatially targeted approach. Here we collate existing age-stratified seroprevalence and incidence data and develop catalytic models to estimate the burden of dengue as quantified by the force of infection and basic reproduction number. We identified a paucity of serotype-specific age stratified seroprevalence surveys in particular but showed that non-serotype specific data could give robust estimates of baseline transmission. Chapters explore whether estimates derived from different data types are comparable. Using these estimates we mapped the estimated number of dengue cases across the globe at a high spatial resolution allowing us to assess the likely impact of targeted control measures.