cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plastics can be used more sustainably in agriculture
Creators: name: Hofmann, Thilo
name: Ghoshal, Subhasis
name: Tufenkji, Nathalie
name: Adamowski, Jan Franklin
name: Bayen, Stéphane
name: Chen, Qiqing
name: Demokritou, Philip
name: Flury, Markus
name: Hüffer, Thorsten
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Agriculture
subject: Environmental impact
subject: Human behaviour
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Plastics have become an integral component in agricultural production as mulch films, nets, storage bins and in many other applications, but their widespread use has led to the accumulation of large quantities in soils. Rational use and reduction, collection, reuse, and innovative recycling are key measures to curb plastic pollution from agriculture. Plastics that cannot be collected after use must be biodegradable in an environmentally benign manner. Harmful plastic additives must be replaced with safer alternatives to reduce toxicity burdens and included in the ongoing negotiations surrounding the United Nations Plastics Treaty. Although full substitution of plastics is currently not possible without increasing the overall environmental footprint and jeopardizing food security, alternatives with smaller environmental impacts should be used and endorsed within a clear socio-economic framework. Better monitoring and reporting, technical innovation, education and training, and social and economic incentives are imperative to promote more sustainable use of plastics in agriculture.
СТРУКТУРА БОТАНИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ УТРИШСКО-ТУАПСИНСКОГО ВАРИАНТА КРЫМСКО-НОВОРОССИЙСКОГО ОРОБИОМА
Creators: name: СУСЛОВА Е.Г.
name: БОЧАРНИКОВ М.В.
name: ОГУРЕЕВА Г.Н.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЕ
ВЫСОТНАЯ ПОЯСНОСТЬ
ОРОБИОМ
КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЕ
ПОЛУОСТРОВ АБРАУ
СУБСРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРЬЕ
BIODIVERSITY
ALTITUDINAL ZONATION
OROBIOME
MAPPING
THE ABRAU PENINSULA
SUB-MEDITERRANEAN

description: На основе концепции экосистемного разнообразия дана региональная оценка Крымско-Новороссийского оробиома, рассматриваемого в качестве опорной единицы инвентаризации и анализа биоразнообразия горных территорий. На примере Утришско-Туапсинского географического варианта оробиома, связанного с Северо-Западным Кавказом, раскрыта высотно-поясная структура растительного покрова, в соответствии с которой складывается пространственная дифференциация флоры и растительных сообществ. Дано количественное обоснование биоты и абиотических показателей, характеризующих ботанико-географическую уникальность оробиома. Определен спектр высотной поясности растительности, дана количественная оценка флористического разнообразия по поясам и выявлены некоторые черты пространственной структуры разнообразия сообществ в условиях горной территории.
Reference Ability Neural Network‐selective functional connectivity across the lifespan
Creators: name: Argiris, Georgette L.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Habeck, Christian G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cognition
Brain--Aging
Neural networks (Neurobiology)

description: Previous studies have demonstrated that four latent variables, or reference abilities (RAs), can account for the majority of age‐related changes in cognition: these being episodic memory, fluid reasoning, speed of processing, and vocabulary. In the current study, we focused on RA‐selective functional connectivity patterns that vary with both age and behavior. We analyzed fMRI data from 287 community‐dwelling adults (20–80 years) on a battery of tests relating to the four RAs (three tests per RA = 12 tests). Functional connectivity values were calculated between a pre‐defined set of 264 ROIs (nodes). Across all participants, we (a) identified connections (edges) that correlated with an RA‐specific indicator variable and, indexing only these edges; (b) performed linear regression analysis per edge, regressing indicator correlations (Model 1) and connectivity values (Model 2) on Age, Behavioral Performance, and the Interaction term; and (c) took the conjunction of significant edges between models. Results revealed a different subset of edges for each RA whose connectivity strength and domain‐selectivity varied with age and behavior. Strikingly, the fluid reasoning RA was particularly vulnerable to the effects of age and displayed the most extensive connectivity and selectivity “footprint” for behavior. These findings indicate that different functional networks are recruited across RA, with fluid reasoning displaying a special status among them.
The mass of first stars
Creators: name: Susa, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a three dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulation to investigate the formation of first stars from initial collapse of a primordial gas cloud to formation and growth of protostars. The simulation is integrated until 0.1 Myrs after the formation of the primary protostar by which the protostars have already settled onto main sequence stars. This is the first attempt of simulating first star formation to take into account the ultraviolet radiative feedback effect by the multiple protostars as well as the three dimensional effects such as fragmentation of the accretion disk. We find that the mass accretions onto the population III protostars are significantly suppressed by the radiative feedback from themselves. As a result, we find five stars formed in this particular simulation, and that the final mass of the stars are < 60Msun, including a star of 4.4Msun. Formation of such a star hints at the existence of even lower-mass stars that would live today.
description: 9 pages, ApJ accepted. revised version following the referee report
Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia and rate of decline in Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Gottesman, Reena T.
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Dementia
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease--Diagnosis

description: Alzheimer’s disease causes both cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. There is increasing evidence that the presentation and course of Alzheimer’s disease is highly heterogenous. This heterogeneity presents challenges to patients, their families, and clinicians due to the difficulty in prognosticating future symptoms and functional impairment. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms are emerging as a significant contributor to this clinical heterogeneity. These symptoms have been linked to multiple areas of neurodegeneration, which may suggest that they are representative of network-wide dysfunction in the brain. However, current diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease focus exclusively on the cognitive aspects of disease. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms have been found in multiple studies to be related to disease severity and to contribute to disease progression over time. A better understanding of how behavioral and psychiatric symptoms relate to cognitive aspects of Alzheimer’s disease would help to refine the models of disease and hopefully lead to improved ability to develop therapeutic options for this devastating disease.
ФЛОРИСТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ОСТРОВНЫХ СОСНЯКОВ ЗАВОЛЖСКО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ СТЕПНОЙ ПРОВИНЦИИ
Creators: name: ЛЕОНОВА Н.Б.
name: ЕРЕМЕЕВА Е.А.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: ОСТРОВНЫЕ СОСНОВЫЕ ЛЕСА
СТЕПНАЯ ПРОВИНЦИЯ
ТАКСОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ И ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ
АРЕАЛЫ
ЭКОЛОГО-ЦЕНОТИЧЕСКИЕ ГРУППЫ ВИДОВ
ISLAND PINE FORESTS
STEPPE PROVINCE
TAXONOMICAL AND TYPOLOGICAL SPECIES DIVERSITY
RANGES
ECOLOGICAL AND COENOTIC SPECIES GROUPS

description: Островные сосновые леса Заволжско-Казахстанской провинции Причерноморско-Казахстанской степной области обладают высоким биоразнообразием и носят реликтовый характер, проблемы их изучения и сохранения актуальны в условиях усиления антропогенного воздействия и климатических изменений. На основе собственных полевых материалов и данных литературных публикаций был проведен комплексный анализ флористического состава сообществ сосновых лесов национальных парков Бурабай, Каркаралинский и Бузулукский бор, Наурзумского заповедника, Канонерского лесхоза (юг Приишимских ленточных боров), а также сосняков Ильменского заповедника и Бурлинского ленточного бора, находящихся в лесостепных районах вблизи северного предела провинции. Впервые в едином ключе обобщены данные по флористическому разнообразию всех крупных сосновых массивов провинции в географическом аспекте. Сходство в таксономической, географической, эколого-морфологической и эколого-ценотической структуре флористического состава всех разобщенных между собой островных сосняков указывают на наличие исторических связей и их реликтовый характер. Результаты корреляционного и кластерного анализа флористических списков показали различную степень сходства между массивами сосняков в разных частях провинции в связи со спецификой физико-географических условий. Выделены три группы сосняков: а) сосняки песчаных массивов Наурзумского заповедника и Канонерского лесхоза с наиболее ксерофильным обликом, бедные по составу, с преобладанием степных видов и дерновинных злаков; б) сосняки гранитных массивов Казахского мелкосопочника (национальеы парки Бурабай, Каркаралинский) со средним видовым богатством; в) сосняки Бузулукского и Бурлинского боров, занимающие наиболее северное, пограничное положение в провинции - с высоким флористическим богатством и повышенным участием лесных видов.
Efficient Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Kinetics Networks using a Weighted Ensemble of Trajectories
Creators: name: Donovan, Rory M.
name: Sedgewick, Andrew J.
name: Faeder, James R.
name: Zuckerman, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the "weighted ensemble" (WE) simulation strategy, previously employed in the context of molecular dynamics simulations, to a series of systems-biology models that range in complexity from one-dimensional to a system with 354 species and 3680 reactions. WE is relatively easy to implement, does not require extensive hand-tuning of parameters, does not depend on the details of the simulation algorithm, and can facilitate the simulation of extremely rare events. For the coupled stochastic reaction systems we study, WE is able to produce accurate and efficient approximations of the joint probability distribution for all chemical species for all time t. WE is also able to efficiently extract mean first passage times for the systems, via the construction of a steady-state condition with feedback. In all cases studied here, WE results agree with independent calculations, but significantly enhance the precision with which rare or slow processes can be characterized. Speedups over "brute-force" in sampling rare events via the Gillespie direct Stochastic Simulation Algorithm range from ~10^12 to ~10^20 for rare states in a distribution, and ~10^2 to ~10^4 for finding mean first passage times.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 supplemental files
The Anthropocene is a prospective epoch/series, not a geological event
Creators: name: Head, Martin J.
name: Zalasiewicz, Jan A.
name: Waters, Colin N.
name: Turner, Simon D.
name: Williams, Mark
name: Barnosky, Anthony D.
name: Steffen, Will
name: Wagreich, Michael
name: Haff, Peter K.
name: Leinfelder, Reinhold
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Anthropocene
subject: prospective epoch
subject: Geological Time Scale
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The Anthropocene defined as an epoch/series within the Geological Time Scale, and with an isochronous inception in the mid-20th century, would both utilize the rich array of stratigraphic signals associated with the Great Acceleration and align with Earth System science analysis from where the term Anthropocene originated. It would be stratigraphically robust and reflect the reality that our planet has far exceeded the range of natural variability for the Holocene Epoch/Series which it would terminate. An alternative, recently advanced, time-transgressive ‘geological event’ definition would decouple the Anthropocene from its stratigraphic characterisation and association with a major planetary perturbation. We find this proposed anthropogenic ‘event’ to be primarily an interdisciplinary concept in which historical, cultural and social processes and their global environmental impacts are all flexibly interpreted within a multi-scalar framework. It is very different from a stratigraphic-methods-based Anthropocene epoch/series designation, but as an anthropogenic phenomenon, if separately defined and differently named, might be usefully complementary to it.
ДИНАМИКА СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРИ ПАСТБИЩНОМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ В СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОМ ПРИКАСПИИ
Creators: name: НГУЕН ВАН ЗУНГ
name: БАНАНОВА В.А.
name: ЛАЗАРЕВА В.Г.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: ЧЕТВЕРТИЧНЫЕ ТЕРРАСЫ КАСПИЯ
ПАСТБИЩНАЯ ДИГРЕССИЯ
(КЛАССЫ) СТАДИИ
ИНДИКАТОРЫ СТЕПЕНИ ПАСТБИЩНОГО СБОЯ
ЭКОЛОГО-ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ РЯДЫ РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ СООБЩЕСТВ ПРИ ОПУСТЫНИВАНИИ
УНИФИКАЦИЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТИ
CASPIAN QUATERNARY TERRACES
PASTURE DIGRESSION
INDICATORS OF PASTURE POACHING
ECOLOGICAL AND DYNAMICAL SERIES OF PLANT COMMUNITIES UNDER DESERTIFICATION
UNIFIED VEGETATION

description: В статье излагаются результаты многолетних исследований процесса опустынивания (деградации) засушливых земель Северо-Западного Прикаспия. Современная растительность рассматривается как результат влияния перегрузки пастбищ скотом. Авторы рассматривают этот процесс как «унификацию», ведущую к снижению видового разнообразия в сообществах и как следствие - единообразию растительного покрова. Характерная для Прикаспия комплексность почвенно-растительного покрова исчезает, происходит последовательная смена коренных растительных сообществ группой кратковременных производных. Количественная оценка процесса опустынивания включает: (классы) - стадии сбоя, критерии пастбищной дигрессии и соответствующие им индикаторы - растительные сообщества. Ими определены эколого-динамические ряды растительных сообществ, раскрывающие механизм процесса деградации. Проведенное исследование показало, что в пределах Северо-Западного Прикаспия высокая подверженность этому процессу характерна для растительности самой молодой новокаспийской террасы.
Separation of proton polarizabilities with the beam asymmetry of Compton scattering
Creators: name: Krupina, Nadiia
name: Pascalutsa, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to determine the magnetic dipole polarizability of the proton directly from the beam asymmetry of low-energy Compton scattering based on the fact that the leading non-Born contribution to the asymmetry is due to the magnetic polarizability alone; the electric polarizability cancels out. The beam asymmetry thus provides the simplest observable with a clean separation of the magnetic polarizability from the electric one. Introducing polarizabilities in a Lorentz-invariant fashion we compute the higher-order (recoil) effects of polarizabilities on beam asymmetry and show that these effects are most suppressed in forward kinematics. With the prospects of precision Compton experiments at the MAMI and HIGS facilities in mind, we argue why the beam asymmetry could be the best way to measure the elusive magnetic polarizability of the proton.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; published version
Occupational Patterns of Structural Brain Health: Independent Contributions Beyond Education, Gender, Intelligence, and Age
Creators: name: Habeck, Christian G.
name: Eich, Teal S.
name: Gu, Yian
name: Stern, Yaakov
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Occupations
Cohort analysis
Brain
Educational attainment
Gender identity

description: Occupational activity represents a large percentage of people’s daily activity and thus likely is as impactful for people’s general and cognitive health as other lifestyle components such as leisure activity, sleep, diet, and exercise. Different occupations, however, require different skills, abilities, activities, credentials, work styles, etc., constituting a rich multidimensional formative exposure with likely consequences for brain development over the lifespan. In the current study, we were interested in how different occupations with their different attributes relate to five variables: structural brain health, duration of early-life education, gender, IQ, and age, although the main focus was the relationship to brain health. To this end, we used the Occupation Information Network (O∗NET), which provides quantification of occupations along 246 items. Occupational patterns with different loadings for these 246 items were derived from 277 community-dwelling adults, ranging in age from 40 to 80, based upon the five subject measures. We found significant patterns underlying four of our variables of interest, with gender and education predictably showing the most numerous and strongest associations, while brain health and intelligence showed weaker associations, and age did not manifest any associations. For the occupational pattern associated with brain health, we found mainly positive associations on items pertaining to rigorous problem-solving, leadership, responsibility, and information processing. We emphasize that the findings are correlational and cannot establish causation. Future extensions of this work will assess the influence of occupation on future cognitive brain status and cognitive performance.
Integrative medicine during the intensive phase of chemotherapy in pediatric oncology in Germany: a randomized controlled trial with 5-year follow up
Creators: name: Seifert, Georg
name: Blakeslee, Sarah B.
name: Calaminus, Gabriele
name: Kandil, Farid I.
name: Barth, Andrea
name: Bernig, Toralf
name: Classen, Carl Friedrich
name: Corbacioglu, Selim
name: Föll, Jürgen
name: Gottschling, Sven
name: Gruhn, Bernd
name: Hoff-Heise, Claudia Vom
name: Lode, Holger N.
name: Martin, David
name: Nathrath, Michaela
name: Neunhoeffer, Felix
name: Pekrun, Arnulf
name: Wulff, Beate
name: Zuzak, Tycho
name: Henze, Günter
name: Längler, Alfred
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pediatric oncology trial
subject: Anthroposophic medicine
subject: Mistletoe
subject: Complementary cancer treatment
subject: RCT
subject: Randomized controlled trial
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Integrative medicine is used frequently alongside chemotherapy treatment in pediatric oncology, but little is known about the influence on toxicity. This German, multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of complementary treatments on toxicity related to intensive-phase chemotherapy treatment in children aged 1-18 with the primary outcome of the toxicity sum score. Secondary outcomes were chemotherapy-related toxicity, overall and event-free survival after 5 years in study patients. Methods: Intervention and control were given standard chemotherapy according to malignancy & tumor type. The intervention arm was provided with anthroposophic supportive treatment (AST); given as anthroposophic base medication (AMP), as a base medication for all patients and additional on-demand treatment tailored to the intervention malignancy groups. The control was given no AMP. The toxicity sum score (TSS) was assessed using NCI-CTC scales. Results: Data of 288 patients could be analyzed. Analysis did not reveal any statistically significant differences between the AST and the control group for the primary endpoint or the toxicity measures (secondary endpoints). Furthermore, groups did not differ significantly in the five-year overall and event-free survival follow up. Discussion: In this trial findings showed that AST was able to be safely administered in a clinical setting, although no beneficial effects of AST between group toxicity scores, overall or event-free survival were shown.
Cognitive reserve in model systems for mechanistic discovery: importance of longitudinal studies
Creators: name: McQuail, Joseph A.
name: Dunn, Amy R.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Barnes, Carol A.
name: Kempermann, Gerd
name: Rapp, Peter R.
name: Kaczorowski, Catherine C.
name: Foster, Thomas C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Longitudinal studies
Animal models in research
Cognition
Biochemical markers

description: The goal of this review article is to provide a resource for longitudinal studies, using animal models, directed at understanding and modifying the relationship between cognition and brain structure and function throughout life. We propose that forthcoming longitudinal studies will build upon a wealth of knowledge gleaned from prior cross-sectional designs to identify early predictors of variability in cognitive function during aging, and characterize fundamental neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the vulnerability to, and the trajectory of, cognitive decline. Finally, we present examples of biological measures that may differentiate mechanisms of the cognitive reserve at the molecular, cellular, and network level.
Roadmap on ferroelectric hafnia- and zirconia-based materials and devices
Creators: name: Silva, Jose P. B.
name: Alcala, Ruben
name: Avci, Uygar E.
name: Barrett, Nick
name: Begon-Lours, Laura
name: Borg, Mattias
name: Byun, Seungyong
name: Chang, Sou-Chi
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
name: Dubourdieu, Catherine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ferroelectric hafnium
subject: ferroelectric zirconium
subject: memory devices
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: Ferroelectric hafnium and zirconium oxides have undergone rapid scientific development over the last decade, pushing them to the forefront of ultralow-power electronic systems. Maximizing the potential application in memory devices or supercapacitors of these materials requires a combined effort by the scientific community to address technical limitations, which still hinder their application. Besides their favorable intrinsic material properties, HfO2–ZrO2 materials face challenges regarding their endurance, retention, wake-up effect, and high switching voltages. In this Roadmap, we intend to combine the expertise of chemistry, physics, material, and device engineers from leading experts in the ferroelectrics research community to set the direction of travel for these binary ferroelectric oxides. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art and offer readers an informed perspective of where this field is heading, what challenges need to be addressed, and possible applications and prospects for further development.
ЭКОЛОГО-БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ АБРИКОСА СИБИРСКОГО (PRUNUSSIBIRICA L.) В ЮЖНОЙ ЧАСТИ БАССЕЙНА Р. СЕЛЕНГА
Creators: name: ШИНЭХУУ Т.
name: ЦЭРЭНХАНД Г.
name: ЦЫРЕМПИЛОВ Э.Г.
name: ХАДБААТАР С.
name: БОГДАНОВ Е.А.
name: УБУГУНОВА В.И.
name: РУПЫШЕВ Ю.А.
name: МИГАЛИНА С.В.
name: ИВАНОВА Л.А.
name: ИВАНОВ Л.А.
name: ДРОБЫШЕВ Ю.И.
name: ДАНЖАЛОВА Е.В.
name: БАСХАЕВА Т.Г.
name: БАЖА С.Н.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: PRUNUS SIBIRICA L
МОНГОЛИЯ
ЛЕСОСТЕПЬ
ОБЕЗЛЕСИВАНИЕ
ЗАКУСТАРИВАНИЕ
ПОСТЛЕСНАЯ СУКЦЕССИЯ
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ЧЕРТЫ РАСТЕНИЙ
MONGOLIA
FOREST-STEPPE
DEFORESTATION
BUSH ENCROACHMENT
POST-FOREST SUCCESSION
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS

description: В статье рассмотрены особенности распространения абрикоса сибирского ( Prunus sibirica L.) в южной (монгольской) части бассейна р. Селенга. Выявлен четкий тренд в сукцессионной смене сосновых лесов на кустарниковую растительность, представленную сообществами из абрикоса сибирского. Этому способствует сокращение занятых лесом территорий вследствие пожаров, вырубок и выпаса скота, что в свою очередь приводит к изменению ландшафтно-экологических условий в лесных экотопах. Кроме того, усиление ценотических позиций Prunus sibirica происходит благодаря его физиологической и биохимической адаптации к пирогенному фактору и поеданию скотом, а также изменчивости функциональных параметров этого вида.
Machine learning prediction of incidence of Alzheimer’s disease using large-scale administrative health data
Creators: name: Park, Ji-Hwan
name: Cho, Han Eol
name: Kim, Jong Hun
name: Wall, Melanie M.
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Lim, Hyun-Sun
name: Yoo, Shinjae
name: Kim, Hyoung Seop
name: Cha, Jiook
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease
Diseases--Risk factors
Cohort analysis

description: Nationwide population-based cohort provides a new opportunity to build an automated risk prediction model based on individuals’ history of health and healthcare beyond existing risk prediction models. We tested the possibility of machine learning models to predict future incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using large-scale administrative health data. From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2002 and 2010, we obtained de-identified health data in elders above 65 years (N = 40,736) containing 4,894 unique clinical features including ICD-10 codes, medication codes, laboratory values, history of personal and family illness and socio-demographics. To define incident AD we considered two operational definitions: “definite AD” with diagnostic codes and dementia medication (n = 614) and “probable AD” with only diagnosis (n = 2026). We trained and validated random forest, support vector machine and logistic regression to predict incident AD in 1, 2, 3, and 4 subsequent years. For predicting future incidence of AD in balanced samples (bootstrapping), the machine learning models showed reasonable performance in 1-year prediction with AUC of 0.775 and 0.759, based on “definite AD” and “probable AD” outcomes, respectively; in 2-year, 0.730 and 0.693; in 3-year, 0.677 and 0.644; in 4-year, 0.725 and 0.683. The results were similar when the entire (unbalanced) samples were used. Important clinical features selected in logistic regression included hemoglobin level, age and urine protein level. This study may shed a light on the utility of the data-driven machine learning model based on large-scale administrative health data in AD risk prediction, which may enable better selection of individuals at risk for AD in clinical trials or early detection in clinical settings.
The effects of ruminant milk treatments on hippocampal, striatal, and prefrontal cortex gene expression in pigs as a model for the human infant
Creators: name: Jena, Ankita
name: Montoya, Carlos
name: Young, Wayne
name: Mullaney, Jane A.
name: Roy, Debashree
name: Dilger, Ryan N.
name: Giezenaar, Caroline
name: McNabb, Warren
name: Roy, Nicole
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: While infant formula is usually bovine milk-based, interest in other ruminant milk-based formulas is growing. However, whether different ruminant milk treatments with varying nutrient compositions influence the infant’s brain development remains unknown. The aim was to determine the effects of consuming bovine, caprine, or ovine milk on brain gene expression in the early postnatal period using a pig model of the human infant. Starting at postnatal day 7 or 8, pigs were exclusively fed bovine, ovine, or caprine milk for 15 days. The mRNA abundance of 77 genes in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum regions was measured at postnatal day 21 or 22 using NanoString. The expression level of two hippocampal and nine striatal genes was most affected by milk treatments, particularly ovine milk. These modulatory genes are involved in glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, adrenaline and neurotrophin signaling and the synaptic vesicle cycle. The expression level of genes involved in gamma-aminobutyric acid signaling was associated with pigs’ lactose intake. In contrast, milk treatments did not affect the mRNA abundance of the genes in the prefrontal cortex. This study provides the first evidence of the association of different ruminant milk treatments with brain gene expression related to cognitive function in the first 3 months of postnatal life.
КАВКАЗСКИЙ ГЕРБАРИЙ Ф.А. ГЕФТА
Creators: name: ГРИНЧЕНКО О.С.
name: РЕЙЕР Ю.
name: ЩЕРБАКОВ А.В.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: Ф.А. ГЕФТ
ФЛОРА СЕВЕРНОГО КАВКАЗА
ГЕРБАРИЙ ТАРТУСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА
F.A. HOEFFT
FLORA OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS
HERBARIUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TARTU

description: Изложены история ботанических работ Ф.А. Гефта на Северном Кавказе, а также места и объемы хранения его гербарных сборов и пути их поступления в разные гербарии России и Европы. Установлено, что гербарий Ф.А. Гефта, оцениваемый в 7000-8000 сборов, в том числе и его кавказская часть, насчитывающая 1800-2100 сборов, является ценнейшей ботанической коллекцией середины XIX в., значение которой недооценено современными исследователями. В значительной степени это связано с тем, что к началу Первой мировой войны основные исследователи флоры Кавказа покинули Юрьевский университет, а четверть гербарной коллекции была эвакуирована во внутренние области России и вернулась в Тарту только в середине 1950-х гг. С целью возврата кавказского гербария Ф.А. Гефта в научный оборот целесообразно возобновить издание «Материалов для флоры Кавказа».
Operators, Correlators and Free Fermions for SO(N) and Sp(N)
Creators: name: Caputa, Pawel
name: Koch, Robert de Mello
name: Diaz, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recently constructed basis for local operators in free SO(N) gauge theory we derive an exact formula for the correlation functions of multi trace operators. This formula is used to obtain a simpler form and a simple product rule for the operators in the SO(N) basis. The coefficients of the product rule are the Littlewood-Richardson numbers which determine the corresponding product rule in free U(N) gauge theory. SO(N) gauge theory is dual to a non-oriented string theory on the AdS_5xRP^5 geometry. To explore the physics of this string theory we consider the limit of the gauge theory that, for the U(N) gauge theory, is dual to the pp-wave limit of AdS_5xS^5. Non-planar unoriented ribbon diagrams do not survive this limit. We give arguments that the number of operators in our basis matches counting using the exact free field partition function of free SO(N) gauge theory. We connect the basis we have constructed to free fermions, which has a natural interpretation in terms of a class of 1/2-BPS bubbling geometries, which arise as orientifolds of type IIB string theory. Finally, we obtain a complete generalization of these results to Sp(N) gauge theory by proving that the finite N physics of SO(N) and Sp(N) gauge theory are related by exchanging symmetrizations and antisymmetrizations and replacing N by -N.
description: 40 pages, 2 figures
title: Конституционное право России
Creators: name: Ильин, Игорь
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Настоящее учебное пособие представляет собой учебное издание, дополняющее ранее изданный этим же автором учебник «Конституционное право России».
В данном учебном пособии на основе приведения и анализа норм Конституции РФ, действующих нормативно-правовых актов, доктрины и актуализированной судебной практики раскрываются основные вопросы
учебного курса «Конституционное право России», а также приводится библиографический список литературы.
Учебное пособие подготовлено в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования и предназначено для студентов-бакалавров, студентов-магистров,
обучающихся по направлению подготовки 40.03.01 − «Юриспруденция», а также аспирантов, преподавателей юридических вузов и факультетов и лиц, занимающихся самостоятельным изучением вопросов конституционного
права.
A game-theoretic, market-based approach to extract flexibility from distributed energy resources
Creators: name: Nair, Vineet Jagadeesan
name: Annaswamy, Anuradha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a market designed using game theory to optimally utilize the flexibility of distributed energy resources (DERs) like solar, batteries, electric vehicles, and flexible loads. Market agents perform multiperiod optimization to determine their feasible flexibility limits for power injections while satisfying all constraints of their DERs. This is followed by a Stackelberg game between the market operator and agents. The market operator as the leader aims to regulate the aggregate power injection around a desired value by leveraging the flexibility of their agents, and computes optimal prices for both electricity and flexibility services. The agents follow by optimally bidding their desired flexible power injections in response to these prices. We show the existence and uniqueness of a Nash equilibrium among all the agents and a Stackelberg equilibrium between all agents and the operator. In addition to deriving analytical closed-form solutions, we provide simulation results for a small example system to illustrate our approach.
description: Accepted to the 5th IFAC Workshop on Cyber-Physical Human Systems
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism
Creators: name: Gazes, Yunglin
name: Liu, Minghao
name: Sum, Melissa
name: Cong, Elaine
name: Kuo, Jennifer H.
name: Lee, James
name: Silverberg, Shonni Joy
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Walker, Marcella D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hyperparathyroidism
Magnetic resonance imaging
Cognition
Neurophysiology

description: Objective: The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and the brain regions affected are not clear. We assessed neural activation during cognitive testing (matrix reasoning, paired associates, and logical memory) using functional MRI (fMRI) in 23 patients with PHPT and 23 healthy controls. A subset with PHPT was re-assessed 6 months post-parathyroidectomy (PTX). Design: This is an observational study comparing neural activation by fMRI in patients with PHPT to normative controls. Postmenopausal women were studied at a tertiary referral center. Results: There were no between-group differences in cognitive task performance. Patients with PHPT had lower neural activation vs controls (max Z = 4.02, all P
Excitation Energy Transfer between Higher Excited States of Photosynthetic Pigments: 2. Chlorophyll b is a B Band Excitation Trap
Creators: name: Götze, Jan P.
name: Lokstein, Heiko
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chlorophylls
subject: Excitation Energy Transfer
subject: Photosynthetic Pigments
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: Chlorophylls (Chls) are known for fast, subpicosecond internal conversion (IC) from ultraviolet/blue absorbing (“B” or “Soret” states) to the energetically lower, red light-absorbing Q states. Consequently, excitation energy transfer (EET) in photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes involving the B states has so far not been considered. We present, for the first time, a theoretical framework for the existence of B–B EET in tightly coupled Chl aggregates such as photosynthetic pigment–protein complexes. We show that according to a Förster resonance energy transport (FRET) scheme, unmodulated B–B EET has an unexpectedly high range. Unsuppressed, it could pose an existential threat-the damage potential of blue light for photochemical reaction centers (RCs) is well-known. This insight reveals so-far undescribed roles for carotenoids (Crts, cf. previous article in this series) and Chl b (this article) of possibly vital importance. Our model system is the photosynthetic antenna pigment–protein complex (CP29). The focus of the study is on the role of Chl b for EET in the Q and B bands. Further, the initial excited pigment distribution in the B band is computed for relevant solar irradiation and wavelength-centered laser pulses. It is found that both accessory pigment classes compete efficiently with Chl a absorption in the B band, leaving only 40% of B band excitations for Chl a. B state population is preferentially relocated to Chl b after excitation of any Chls, due to a near-perfect match of Chl b B band absorption with Chl a B state emission spectra. This results in an efficient depletion of the Chl a population (0.66 per IC/EET step, as compared to 0.21 in a Chl a-only system). Since Chl b only occurs in the peripheral antenna complexes of plants and algae, and RCs contain only Chl a, this would automatically trap potentially dangerous B state population in the antennae, preventing forwarding to the RCs.
An Efficient Bilinear Pairing-Free Certificateless Two-Party Authenticated Key Agreement Protocol in the eCK Model
Creators: name: Kim, Yong-Jin
name: Kim, Yong-Min
name: Choe, Yong-Jin
name: O, Hyong-Chol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A62(primary), 68M12(secondary)

description: Recent study on certificateless authenticated key agreement focuses on bilinear pairing-free certificateless authenticated key agreement protocol. Yet it has got limitations in the aspect of computational amount. So it is important to reduce the number of the scalar multiplication over elliptic curve group in bilinear pairing-free protocols. This paper proposed a new bilinear pairing-free certificateless two-party authenticated key agreement protocol, providing more efficiency among related work and proof under the random oracle model.
description: 15 pages. 1 figure and 1 table, ver. 2 revised according to reviewers' advice, this version is the new development of [19] which is the development of [12](arXiv:1106.3898) of Debiao He who was the second academic advisor and colleague of the first author during visit to Wuhan university, ver. 4 accepted in JTPC
БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ САЙГАКА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ПРИКАСПИЯ В ПЕРИОДЫ РАЗНОЙ ЧИСЛЕННОСТИ
Creators: name: АРЫЛОВ Ю.Н.
name: ПЮРВЕНОВА Н.Ю.
name: НЕРОНОВ В.М.
name: ЛУЩЕКИНА А.А.
name: КАРИМОВА Т.Ю.
Publisher: name: Аридные экосистемы
Year: 2020
Subjects: САЙГАК
СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНЫЙ ПРИКАСПИЙ
ЧИСЛЕННОСТЬ
ПОЛОВОЗРАСТНОЙ СОСТАВ
РЕПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ
ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЕ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЕ
SAIGA
NORTHWEST CASPIAN REGION
ABUNDANCE
AGE AND SEX COMPOSITION
REPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION

description: Численность популяции сайгака ( Saiga tatarica tatarica L., 1766), обитающего на территории Северо-Западного Прикаспия, на протяжении последних 20 лет остается на крайне низком уровне. Сравнение некоторых биологических параметров популяции в периоды разной численности позволило выявить ряд особенностей, характерных для фазы ее депрессии. Так, наряду со снижением численности сайгака (с 800 тыс. в 1958 г. до 4.5 тыс. в 2016 г.) сократилась и площадь его обитания (с 60-70 тыс. км2 до 2-3 тыс. км2 соответственно), и значительная часть популяции перешла к оседлому образу жизни на охраняемых территориях экорегиона «Черные земли». Нехватка половозрелых самцов в популяции (менее 10%) на протяжении продолжительного времени привела к сокращению ее прироста и, следовательно, к снижению численности. При этом общая плодовитость самок сократилась (с 1.27±0.25 сайгачонка в годы высокой численности до 0.92±0.39 в последнее время) из-за увеличения яловости среди разных возрастных групп, что вызвано недостатком самцов в популяции. Самцов в популяции рождается больше, чем самок (51.9% и 48.1% соответственно). Увеличившийся вес новорожденных сайгачат (в среднем на 100 г как самцов, так и самок) и снизившаяся их смертность в первые дни после рождения (при благоприятных погодных условиях) косвенно говорят о нормальном протекании эмбриогенеза и достаточном количестве и качестве кормов. Увеличение доли половозрелых самцов приведет к росту численности популяции, репродуктивные функции которой практически не изменились в период ее депрессии.
Networks in Cognitive Science
Creators: name: Baronchelli, Andrea
name: Ferrer-i-Cancho, Ramon
name: Pastor-Satorras, Romualdo
name: Chater, Nick
name: Christiansen, Morten H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Networks of interconnected nodes have long played a key role in Cognitive Science, from artificial neural net- works to spreading activation models of semantic mem- ory. Recently, however, a new Network Science has been developed, providing insights into the emergence of global, system-scale properties in contexts as diverse as the Internet, metabolic reactions, and collaborations among scientists. Today, the inclusion of network theory into Cognitive Sciences, and the expansion of complex- systems science, promises to significantly change the way in which the organization and dynamics of cognitive and behavioral processes are understood. In this paper, we review recent contributions of network theory at different levels and domains within the Cognitive Sciences.
What distinguishes 100-year precipitation extremes over central European river catchments from more moderate extreme events?
Creators: name: Ruff, Florian
name: Pfahl, Stephan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: precipitation extremes
subject: central European river catchments
subject: moderate extreme events
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie

description: Historical extreme flooding events in central European river catchments caused high socioeconomic impacts. Previous studies have analysed single events in detail but have not focused on a robust analysis of the underlying extreme precipitation events in general, as historical events are too rare for a robust assessment of their generic dynamical causes. This study tries to fill this gap by analysing a set of realistic daily 100-year large-scale precipitation events over five major European river catchments with the help of operational ensemble prediction data from the ECMWF. The dynamical conditions during such extreme events are investigated and compared to those of more moderate extreme events (20 to 50 year); 100-year precipitation events are generally associated with an upper-level cutoff low over central Europe in combination with a surface cyclone southeast of the specific river catchment. The 24 h before the event is decisive for the exact location of this surface cyclone, depending on the location and velocity of the upper-level low over western Europe. The difference between 100-year and more moderate extreme events varies from catchment to catchment. Dynamical mechanisms such as an intensified upper-level cutoff low and surface cyclone are the main drivers distinguishing 100-year events in the Oder and Danube catchments, whereas thermodynamic mechanisms such as a higher moisture supply in the lower troposphere east of the specific river catchment are more relevant in the Elbe and Rhine catchments. For the Weser and Ems catchment, differences appear in both dynamical and thermodynamic mechanisms.
Emergent D5-brane Background from D-strings
Creators: name: Ferrari, Frank
name: Rovai, Antonin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the worldsheet theory describing the near-horizon dynamics of a D-string in the presence of a very large number N of D5-branes. The model is pre-geometric in the sense that the near-horizon worldsheet Lagrangian does not have dynamical fields associated with the dimensions transverse to the D5-branes. The solution at large N is shown to be given by a classical action for the D-string moving in a curved ten-dimensional spacetime. The four dimensions transverse to the D5-branes emerge from the quantum loops of the original strongly coupled quantum worldsheet field theory. By comparing with the Dirac-Born-Infeld plus Chern-Simons action for a D-string in a general type IIB background, we identify the string-frame metric, dilaton and Ramond-Ramond three-form field-strength and find a match with the near-horizon geometry of a stack of D5-branes.
description: 15 pages
Theoretical frameworks and approaches used within the Reserve, Resilience and Protective Factors professional interest area of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment
Creators: name: Bartrés‐Faz, David
name: Arenaza-Urquijo, Eider
name: Ewers, Michael
name: Belleville, Sylvie
name: Chetelat, Gael
name: Franzmeier, Nicolai
name: Gonneaud, Julie
name: González De Echevarri, José María
name: Okonkwo, Ozioma
name: Schultz, Stephanie
name: Valenzuela, Michael
name: Stern, Yaakov
name: Vemur, Prashanthi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cognition
Brain--Aging
Research--Methodology
Alzheimer's disease

description: Introduction: Reserve, resilience, maintenance, and related concepts are intensely debated in aging and Alzheimer's disease research. Methods: Through a short survey, we gathered information about theoretical concepts and methodologies used among research groups of the Reserve, Resilience, and Protective Factors Professional Interest Area of the Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment. Results: Overall 53 research groups responded. Reserve and resilience were the most frequently used conceptual frameworks. Education, occupation, leisure, and social activities were frequently used as measures, as were longitudinal designs. Neuropsychological assessments were almost universal, and usage of imaging biomarkers was frequent. In observational‐epidemiological study designs, resilience and reserve together (vs reserve alone) were commonly used as theoretical frameworks. Discussion: We provide a first description of concepts and methodologies used among reserve and resilience researchers. This will inform initiatives aiming to reach consensus on terminology and applications to establish common definitions.
A non-perturbative argument for the non-abelian Higgs mechanism
Creators: name: De Palma, Giacomo
name: Strocchi, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T13, 81V15, 70S10

description: The evasion of massless Goldstone bosons by the non-abelian Higgs mechanism is proved by a non-perturbative argument in the local BRST gauge.
description: The new version differs from version 1 by the correction of a few misprints