cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Initial mass function and galactic chemical evolution models
Creators: name: Romano, Donatella
name: Chiappini, Cristina
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Tosi, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution we focus on results from chemical evolution models for the solar neighbourhood obtained by varying the IMF. Results for galaxies of different morphological type are discussed as well. They argue against a universal IMF independent of star forming conditions.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, uses kapproc.cls. Contributed talk presented at the conference on "IMF@50: The Stellar Initial Mass Function Fifty Years Later" held at Abbazia di Spineto, Siena, Italy, May 2004. To be published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, ed. E. Corbelli, F. Palla, and H. Zinnecker
Nitric oxide-induced cardiomyocyte cell death
Creators: name: Klassen, Shaun Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Nitric oxide (NO), a regulator of diverse cardiovascular functions, modifies cardiac cell viability through mechanisms that remain uncertain. Several pathways were studied to understand these effects. The possibility that the protein p53 is involved in the cardiomyocyte response to the NO donor s-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) or the peroxynitrite donor 3- morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) was explored. These donors induced a concentration-dependent increase of cell death in cultured embryonic chick cardiomyocytes. Expression of p53 protein was increased in response to GSNO, specifically in the nucleus. GSNO also caused DNA damage, but pifithrin, an inhibitor of p53 transactivation activity, did not alter the extent of this damage or cell death. Therefore, the role of increased nuclear p53 in response to NO and NO-induced DNA damage may not be specifically operative in NO-induced cell death. The action of GSNO also appears independent of mitochondrial pathways in cell death, as there was no association of p53 with the mitochondria. Neither GSNO- or SIN-1-induced cell death was altered by cyclosporin A, suggesting that permeability transition pore opening is not operative in these modes of induction of death. In contrast to SIN-1, GSNO did not reduce mitochondrial transmembrane potential, implying separate mechanisms of cell death. Immunocytochemistry demonstrated increased amounts of nitrotyrosine in response to GSNO or SIN-1, confirmed by Western blot following SIN-1. FeTPPS, an isomerase that converts peroxynitrite into the less toxic nitrate, produced a significant reduction of SIN-1-induced cell death and cellular protein nitration. FeTPPS did not reduce cell death from GSNO alone, but did from the combination of GSNO and hydrogen peroxide, a condition which promotes the generation of peroxynitrite. In summary, NO-induced cardiomyocyte cell death is due in part to the disruption of normal cellular functions by nitration of key proteins. Peroxynitrite decomposition reduces protein nitration and cell death, while p53 appears functions independent of the mitochondria or gene transactivation and may act in other pathways, such as cell repair.
title: The role of industry in the EU : making manufacturing work
Creators: name: Kraus, Konstantin
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Reindustrialisation
subject: Industrial Strategy
subject: Industrial Policy

description: The European Commission announced its ambitious plan of reindustrialising the EU and thus increasing the share of industry to 20% of EU wide GDP. The key research question is how to sustainably attain this goal. Short-sighted government intervention to protect jobs and bail out inefficient operations leads to even deeper structural problems in the long run and is detrimental to competitiveness, growth and thus the prosperity of a region. A mix of input data, such as labour market data, and output data, such as the level of industry of GDP, were used to evaluate the development of industry in the EU over time. Another question was if the current policies are effective at providing a competitive framework for companies and at the same time allowing workers to participate. The results were that job preservation is not a compelling industrial strategy and as a result only high value-added processes should qualify for support. In order to achieve this aim it was suggested to reconsider the allocation of subsidies and to support promising emerging industries. It can be concluded that the European Commission's ambitious goal of a 20% share of industry in EU wide GDP is not within reach and it most likely will not be achieved. However, it sends the right signal to firms that are looking for some confidence when investing.
Protezionismo, libero scambio e commercio preferenziale: l'esperienza messicana tra il 1970 e il 2005
Creators: name: Nàpoles, Pablo Ruiz
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Protezionismo, libero scambio, commercio preferenziale, messico, 1970, 2005
subject: D57; F43; L60; O54

description: This paper is an analysis of trade policies in Mexico. A structural analysis of the Mexican economy's performance in three successive but different periods, regarding trade policies for the last thirty-five years, is presented. Results are confronted with expectations from various trade policies. There are two main conclusions: first, those extreme free-trade policies have not been good for economic stability, growth and employment creation in Mexico; and second, that specialization in production and trade occurs in non labour- intensive sectors in Mexico, in opposition to what is expected according to the Heckscher-Ohlin theorem, under free trade conditions. JEL Codes: D57; F43; L60; O54
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 60, N. 237 (2007)
Destabilization of super-rotating Taylor-Couette flows by current-free helical magnetic fields
Creators: name: Rüdiger, G.
name: Schultz, M.
name: Hollerbach, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an earlier paper we showed that the combination of azimuthal magnetic fields and super-rotation in Taylor-Couette flows of conducting fluids can be unstable against non-axisymmetric perturbations if the magnetic Prandtl number of the fluid is $Pm\neq 1$. Here we demonstrate that the addition of a weak axial field component may allow axisymmetric perturbation patterns for $Pm$ of order unity depending on the boundary conditions. The axisymmetric modes only occur for magnetic Mach numbers (of the azimuthal field) of order unity, while higher values are necessary for non-axisymmetric modes. The typical growth time of the instability and the characteristic time scale of the axial migration of the axisymmetric mode are long compared with the rotation period, but short compared with the magnetic diffusion time. The modes travel in the positive or negative $z$-direction along the rotation axis depending on the sign of $B_ϕB_z$. We also demonstrate that the azimuthal components of flow and field perturbations travel in phase if $|B_ϕ|\gg |B_z|$, independent of the form of the rotation law. Within a short-wave approximation for thin gaps it is also shown (in an Appendix) that for {\em ideal} fluids the considered helical magnetorotational instability (HMRI) only exists for rotation laws with negative shear.
description: 18 pages, 10 Figures
Theory of intrinsic propagation losses in topological edge states of planar photonic crystals
Creators: name: Sauer, Erik
name: Vasco, Juan Pablo
name: Hughes, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a semi-analytic guided-mode expansion technique, we present theory and analysis of intrinsic propagation losses for topological photonic crystal slab waveguide structures with modified honeycomb lattices of circular or triangular holes. Although conventional photonic crystal waveguide structures, such as the W1 waveguide, have been designed to have lossless propagation modes, they are prone to disorder-induced losses and backscattering. Topological structures have been proposed to help mitigate this effect as their photonic edge states may allow for topological protection. However, the intrinsic propagation losses of these structures are not well understood and the concept of the light line can become blurred. For four example topological edge state structures, photonic band diagrams, loss parameters, and electromagnetic fields of the guided modes are computed. Two of these structures, based on armchair edge states, are found to have significant intrinsic losses for modes inside the photonic band gap, more than 100 dB/cm, which is comparable to or larger than typical disorder-induced losses using slow-light modes in conventional photonic crystal waveguides, while the other two structures, using the valley Hall effect and inversion symmetry, are found to have a good bandwidth for exploiting lossless propagation modes below the light line.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
title: Fiber and the city : internet infrastructure in the context of urban form and planning
Creators: name: Otter, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: information and communications technology
subject: ICT
subject: internet exchange point
subject: smart city
subject: big data
subject: broadband access
subject: data ownership
subject: New Songdo
subject: Masdar
subject: Vienna

description: Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become an integral part of today's cities. It is not only incorporated into but shapes the built environment, it sustains and supports other critical infrastructure, and it has become one of the main methods for citizens to interact with the cities they live in. However, research into the complex interrelations between the urban fabric and ICT has not kept up with the rising influence and integration of ICT into cities - which is shown to be mainly attributable to a number of structural impediments. In this work I will try to discern the influence ICT has on our cities and its citizens by focusing on the macro-, meso-, and micro-level respectively. First, I employ a quantitative analysis of data and physical inter-city traffic between major European urban centers to showcase the rising importance of ICT in a global information exchange. Second, I concentrate on the district-level and qualitatively investigate three greenfield smart city projects and their implementation of ICT. Last, on the smallest scale I take a socio-political look at the interaction of citizens with ICT - prioritizing questions of access and availability; and large-scale data management, protection, and ownership. The city of Vienna and its policies will serve as a frame of reference throughout this work to effectively compare the obtained results and put them into context. I will show that despite the manifold effects of increasing ICT implementation, many cities and urban developments have yet to catch up and explicitly address this issue. Additionally, further research into this area from an urban-planning point of view is urgently needed to counteract a very deterministic, technology-fixated narrative dominated by large corporations.
Evaluation of Bacterial Contamination of Fruits and Vegetables in the Three Senatorial Zones of Abia State
Creators: name: Uka-Okali, Angela Juliet
name: Ozims, Stanley James
name: Eberendu, I.F
name: Uka Kalu Okali
name: Kalu Joy
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: The study assessed the level of bacterial contamination in fruits and vegetables across Abia State's three senatorial zones. That was being studied experimentally. Based on the morphology, structure, and features of the colony, the bacterial content of 360 sample sizes of fruits and vegetables were determined. These samples were gathered from various marketplaces within the three state zones. Five bacterial isolates with differing frequencies of occurrence were found in the results: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella sp. Amongst the bacterial isolates, Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were isolated in samples from all the six markets and three zones. Escherichia coli: Abia South (42%), Central (35.5%) and North (23.5%). Other bacteria species were isolated from all the zones but not in all markets. Salmonella sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella sp, were detected in (26,%), (12%), (18%), and (10%). The prevalence of salmonella sp isolate over klebsiella pneumoniae and shigella sp isolates was significant. The three senatorial zones of Abia State have statistically significant levels of bacterial contamination of fruits and vegetables, which can lead to common diseases. For this reason, government and public health officials need to implement programmes to raise awareness about the risks of eating contaminated food and how to reduce bacterial contamination of food.
Fate of Duplicated Neural Structures
Creators: name: Seoane, Luís F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical mechanics determines the abundance of different arrangements of matter depending on cost-benefit balances. Its formalism and phenomenology percolate throughout biological processes and set limits to effective computation. Under specific conditions, self-replicating and computationally complex patterns become favored, yielding life, cognition, and Darwinian evolution. Neurons and neural circuits sit at a crossroads between statistical mechanics, computation, and (through their role in cognition) natural selection. Can we establish a {\em statistical physics} of neural circuits? Such theory would tell what kinds of brains to expect under set energetic, evolutionary, and computational conditions. With this big picture in mind, we focus on the fate of duplicated neural circuits. We look at examples from central nervous systems, with a stress on computational thresholds that might prompt this redundancy. We also study a naive cost-benefit balance for duplicated circuits implementing complex phenotypes. From this we derive {\em phase diagrams} and (phase-like) transitions between single and duplicated circuits, which constrain evolutionary paths to complex cognition. Back to the big picture, similar phase diagrams and transitions might constrain I/O and internal connectivity patterns of neural circuits at large. The formalism of statistical mechanics seems a natural framework for thsi worthy line of research.
description: Review with novel results. Position paper. 16 pages, 3 figures
Phase-based Variant Maximum Likelihood Positioning for Passive UHF-RFID Tags
Creators: name: Li, Chenglong
name: Tanghe, Emmeric
name: Plets, David
name: Suanet, Pieter
name: Podevijn, Nico
name: Hoebeke, Jeroen
name: De Poorter, Eli
name: Martens, Luc
name: Joseph, Wout
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology brings tremendous advancement in Internet-of-Things, especially in supply chain and smart inventory management. Phase-based passive ultra high frequency RFID tag localization has attracted great interest, due to its insensitivity to the propagation environment and tagged object properties compared with the signal strength based method. In this paper, a phase-based maximum-likelihood tag positioning estimation is proposed. To mitigate the phase uncertainty, the likelihood function is reconstructed through trigonometric transformation. Weights are constructed to reduce the impact of unexpected interference and to augment the positioning performance. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithms realize fine-grained tag localization, which achieve centimeter-level lateral accuracy, and less than 15-centimeters vertical accuracy along the altitude of the racks.
description: 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation EuCAP 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, 15-20 March 2020, accepted
Interacting Regional Policies in Containing a Disease
Creators: name: Chandrasekhar, Arun G.
name: Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul
name: Jackson, Matthew O.
name: Thau, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Regional quarantine policies, in which a portion of a population surrounding infections are locked down, are an important tool to contain disease. However, jurisdictional governments -- such as cities, counties, states, and countries -- act with minimal coordination across borders. We show that a regional quarantine policy's effectiveness depends upon whether (i) the network of interactions satisfies a balanced-growth condition, (ii) infections have a short delay in detection, and (iii) the government has control over and knowledge of the necessary parts of the network (no leakage of behaviors). As these conditions generally fail to be satisfied, especially when interactions cross borders, we show that substantial improvements are possible if governments are outward-looking and proactive: triggering quarantines in reaction to neighbors' infection rates, in some cases even before infections are detected internally. We also show that even a few lax governments -- those that wait for nontrivial internal infection rates before quarantining -- impose substantial costs on the whole system. Our results illustrate the importance of understanding contagion across policy borders and offer a starting point in designing proactive policies for decentralized jurisdictions.
title: Sustainable supply chain in the textile industry
Creators: name: Surinder, Sophie
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: sustainable textiles
subject: textile industry
subject: cotton
subject: regenerated cellulose fibres
subject: environmental impact analysis

description: In the last decades the textile industry has been criticised for exploiting and polluting the environment. Especially the production of mainstream textiles such as cotton has been found to create a great environmental burden. To overcome these environmental issues, sustainable textile options have emerged on the market. This thesis compares and discusses two case studies: the supply chains of conventional cotton and lyocell, a man-made regenerated cellulose fabric, which is praised for its sustainability. With material flow analyses both supply chains are investigated in order to evaluate and analyse their direct and indirect impact on the environment. The findings in this thesis show, that the cotton supply chain has an extremely high water demand, but a lower demand in chemicals compared to the lyocell supply chain. In total about 95 MJ/kg with non-renewable energy, 21400 litres of water and 3kg of chemicals are needed to produce 1kg of finished cotton fabric in this case study. The production of 1kg of finished lyocell fabric has an energy demand of 72 MJ/kg with non-renewable energy, 94 MJ/kg with renewable energy, a water demand of about 1500 litres and a chemical demand of about 19kg. Out of these chemicals 17.5 kg are reused and recycled within the supply chain. When energy sources are switched to renewable energy and partially self-produced energy, the lyocell supply chain produces 1.5 kg CO2 eq/kg of finished lyocell fabric. In contrast, the cotton supply chain in this case study produces 3.5 CO2 eq/kg of finished cotton fabric and thus releases more greenhouse gases and has a greater global warming potential. Despite the fact that natural resources are exploited for commercial purposes in both case studies, the lyocell case study is the more sustainable supply chain due to the conversion of waste into energy and due to the recovery and recycling of chemicals and wastewater in certain production processes. These sustainable actions lead to a minimum waste accumulation and therefore to reduced emission.
Renormalization of the neutrino mass operators in the multi-Higgs-doublet Standard Model
Creators: name: Grimus, W.
name: Lavoura, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the renormalization group equations (RGE) for the flavour coupling matrices of the effective dimension-five operators which yield Majorana neutrino masses in the multi-Higgs-doublet Standard Model; in particular, we consider the case where two different scalar doublets occur in those operators. We also write down the RGE for the scalar-potential quartic couplings and for the Yukawa couplings of that model, in the absence of quarks. As an application of the RGE, we consider two models which, based on a mu-tau interchange symmetry, predict maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing, together with U_{e3} = 0, at the seesaw scale. We estimate the change of those predictions due to the evolution of the coupling matrices of the effective mass operators from the seesaw scale down to the electroweak scale. We derive an upper bound on that change, thereby finding that the radiative corrections to those predictions are in general negligible.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX
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title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Development of electrical supply and selection of electrical equipment for a fish processing plant
Creators: name: ÐÐ°Ð»Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ°Ð¼Ð¸Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2024
Subjects: ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ
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ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸
fish processing plant
load calculation table
single-line electrical diagram
specification
reactive power compensation

description: ÐÐ±ÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±ÑÐ» Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°Ð½ ÑÑÐ±Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑÐµÑÐ°Ð±Ð°ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð±Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñ (ÑÐµÑ), Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ. Ð Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ð° âDIALUXâ, âAUTOCADâ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð°Ð±Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹.
description: The object of the study was a fish processing plant (workshop), for which an internal electrical supply system was developed. During the work, the software environments "DIALUX" and "AUTOCAD" were studied, as well as the internal structure of the electrical supply of enterprises.
Robust anomalous metallic states and vestiges of self duality in two-dimensional granular In-InOx composites
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyang
name: Hen, Bar
name: Palevski, Alexander
name: Kapitulnik, Aharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many experiments investigating magnetic field tuned superconductor-insulator transition (H-SIT), often exhibit low-temperature resistance saturation, which is interpreted as an anomalous metallic phase emerging from a "failed superconductor," thus challenging conventional theory. Here we study a random granular array of indium islands grown on a gateable layer of indium-oxide. By tuning the intergrain couplings, we reveal a wide range of magnetic fields where resistance saturation is observed, under conditions of careful electromagnetic filtering and within a wide range of linear response. Exposure to external broadband noise or microwave radiation is shown to strengthen the tendency of superconductivity, where at low field a global superconducting phase is restored. Increasing magnetic field unveils an "avoided H-SIT," that exhibits granularity-induced logarithmic divergence of the resistance/conductance above/below that transition, pointing to possible vestiges of the original emergent duality observed in a true H-SIT. We conclude that anomalous metallic phase is intimately associated with inherent inhomogeneities, exhibiting robust behavior at attainable temperatures for strongly granular two-dimensional systems.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures; after minor revision and error corrections
On Lie induction and the exceptional series
Creators: name: Grabowski, Jan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17Bxx (Primary), 22Exx

description: Lie bialgebras occur as the principal objects in the infinitesimalisation of the theory of quantum groups - the semi-classical theory. Their relationship with the quantum theory has made available some new tools that we can apply to classical questions. In this paper, we study the simple complex Lie algebras using the double-bosonisation construction of Majid. This construction expresses algebraically the induction process given by adding and removing nodes in Dynkin diagrams, which we call Lie induction. We first analyse the deletion of nodes, corresponding to the restriction of adjoint representations to subalgebras. This uses a natural grading associated to each node. We give explicit calculations of the module and algebra structures in the case of the deletion of a single node from the Dynkin diagram for a simple Lie (bi-)algebra. We next consider the inverse process, namely that of adding nodes, and give some necessary conditions for the simplicity of the induced algebra. Finally, we apply these to the exceptional series of simple Lie algebras, in the context of finding obstructions to the existence of finite-dimensional simple complex algebras of types E9, F5 and G3. In particular, our methods give a new point of view on why there cannot exist such an algebra of type E9.
description: 38 pages, 3 eps figures. Final version, to appear in the Proceedings of "Representation Theory and Its Applications", held in Uppsala, Sweden, 2004, to be published in the Journal of Algebra and Its Applications. Minor corrections, rewording and references added, at the suggestion of the referee
Absolutely No Free Lunches!
Creators: name: Belot, Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is concerned with learners who aim to learn patterns in infinite binary sequences: shown longer and longer initial segments of a binary sequence, they either attempt to predict whether the next bit will be a 0 or will be a 1 or they issue forecast probabilities for these events. Several variants of this problem are considered. In each case, a no-free-lunch result of the following form is established: the problem of learning is a formidably difficult one, in that no matter what method is pursued, failure is incomparably more common that success; and difficult choices must be faced in choosing a method of learning, since no approach dominates all others in its range of success. In the simplest case, the comparison of the set of situations in which a method fails and the set of situations in which it succeeds is a matter of cardinality (countable vs. uncountable); in other cases, it is a topological matter (meagre vs. co-meagre) or a hybrid computational-topological matter (effectively meagre vs. effectively co-meagre).
title: DOCK - Exploring Common Grounds
Creators: name: Treeck, Joscha
name: Kreuter, Jochen
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Design Build
subject: Veranstaltung
subject: Atelier
subject: Kunst
subject: Stadtentwicklung
subject: Forum
subject: Gemeinschaft
subject: design build
subject: event
subject: studio
subject: art
subject: urban development
subject: forum
subject: community

description: Im Rahmen unserer Diplomarbeit entsteht ein Pavillon für Kunst und Kultur in Wien. Die Arbeit umfasst die Umsetzung einer temporären architektonischen Installation, in welcher nicht nur ein Raum für Veranstaltungen und Ausstellungen, sondern auch Atelier- und Arbeitsplätze entstehen. Wir behandeln in unserem Projekt die Schnittstelle zwischen Kunst, Stadtentwicklung und Gesellschaft. Ein breiter Bogen, der nicht nur viele Meinungen spaltet, sondern auch stetig von neuen Schwerpunkten und wechselnden Prozessen begleitet wird. Unser Ziel ist es deshalb, eine Plattform zu gründen, welche wie ein Forum, allen zugänglich, offen für Kritik, wandelbar und diskussionsbereit ist. Neben planerischen Aufgaben und architektonischem Entwurf, geht es vor allem um die Ausarbeitung und Umsetzung des Konzeptes, die Entwicklung des Projektes und seine Finanzierung.
description: DOCK - Exploring Common Grounds What is Public Space? How does a city grow? In what ways does this influence its inhabitants and its development? How can one take part in this process, understand it or even channel it? DOCK - Exploring Common Grounds is an open forum that looks for answers to these questions. We are planning and building a temporary pavillon for artistic interventions in public space and the exploration of new ways in city development. Our thesis includes the design, organisation, planning and realisation of a temporary pavillon made from wood and membranes. Apart from the architecture it also includes the programm and management of the space, its content and core. The concept of the forum developes around the idea of city workshops. Each month the focus lies on a different city. In the first year it will be Kairo, Athens and Bukarest. Guests from the field of architecture, urbanism, art or even activists and theorists will work together with local protagonists in processoriented workshops. How can the combination of these different backgrounds spark new ideas in urban life? what concepts and ideas can emerge? What can one learn from each other and what projects can be initiated in these very short and intense timeframes? The process of developing, financing and initiating such a project is being presented in our book.
title: Increasing the energy performance of buildings : European legislation and its implementation in Austria
Creators: name: Wolkenstein, Georg
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: energy efficiency
subject: building renovation
subject: thermal insulation
subject: renewable energies

description: In 2007 the European Union launched the 2020 Climate & Energy Package, with three core targets: A 20 % share of renewable energies, a 20 % cut in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels, and a 20 % increase in energy efficiency. This thesis provides a review of the two legislative pieces that were at the core of the package, the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive of 2010 and the Energy Efficiency Directive of 2012. Buildings account for more than 40 % of the total European energy consumption, making the improvement of building energy performance imperative. The two directives provide a framework for the promotion of energy efficiency by introducing National Energy Efficiency Action Plans, energy efficiency obligation schemes as well as strategies and measures aimed at the improvement of building energy efficiency. Implementation of the directives is examined based on the Austrian legislation concerning energy efficiency and building energy performance. Traditionally legislation on building matters has been the responsibility of the 9 federal states, but in recent years the Austrian Institute of Construction Engineering has promoted harmonization of construction laws through the release of guidelines. Guideline 6 includes provisions implementing core parts of the EPBD, although doubts about the quality and stringency remain. As technological advances and laws on building construction greatly evolved since the 1973 oil crisis the majority of energy performance improvements can be achieved with renovations of the existing building stock, particularly buildings constructed before 1990. A combination of improvements to the building envelope and technical building systems, as well as the increased use of alternative energy sources can reduce the energy demand of buildings by up to 90 % and more. While it is too early to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of regulations that entered into force so recently, financial and administrative barriers and the user-investor-dilemma remain and prevent substantial improvements in the renovation rate of buildings, particularly those privately owned.
VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE IN THE CARIBBEAN - PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Creators: name: Persad-Chinnery, S B.
name: Dales, R.B.G.
name: Chinnery, L.E.
name: Persad-Chinnery, S B.
name: Dales, R.B.G.
name: Chinnery, L.E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Mycorrhizae formed between plant roots and zygomycetous fungi are ubiquitous and can improve the productivity of most crop plants. The use of effective vcsicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi could enable the development of sustainable agricultural systems with reduced input of high cost fertilizers. This paper reviews the limited knowledge of the VA mycorrhizal fungal species present in Caribbean agriculture and highlights the need to determine which species/strains are present in Caribbean soils and also their effectiveness. The potential of surrogate plant transformation via genetic engineering of VA mycorrhizal fungi is considered and the possible consequences of releasing genetically modified VA mycorrhizal fungi are discussed.
Quasiparticle scattering in superconductors
Creators: name: Janu, Zdenek
name: Soukup, Frantisek
name: Tichy, Rudolf
name: Tsoi, Georgy
name: Hadac, Jan
name: Vejpravova, Jana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare results of high-resolution magnetic flux (susceptibility) measurements in very weak magnetic field, performed of three classes of superconductors. They reveal astonishing details of the transition to the superconducting state. Although Pb behaves also on this scale according to BCS predictions, La is more reminiscent of HTS materials, which exhibit anomalous features. We suggest that known structure peculiarities are due to a strong electron-lattice instability and lead to a resonance electron back scattering.
GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES FOR IR-4 FOOD USE PROJECTS IN FLORIDA AND PUERTO RICO
Creators: name: Ali, M.T.
name: Meister, C.W.
name: Ali, M.T.
name: Meister, C.W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The amended Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Standards (40 CFR Part 160) regulations became effective on October 16, 1989. The revisions require all studies submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in support of pesticide registration to be in compliance with the regulations. Tolerances and registrations of pesticides under FIFRA require high standards of data quality and integrity. To assure this, the GLP standards delineate practices and procedures that must be followed during data collection. Residue data are required for obtaining residue tolerances for minor use pesticides in or on food and feed crops. Field researchers from Florida and Puerto Rico, cooperating in the Southern Region of the Interregional Research Project No. 4 (IR-4 Project) minor use pesticide program, have conducted field trials for the magnitude of pesticide residues on minor use crops. From 1989 to 1994, 98 IR- 4 supported field trials were conducted under GLPs on tropical crops in Florida and Puerto Rico.
Donato Menichella: dal risanamento di banche e industrie allo sviluppo del Mezzogiorno
Creators: name: Sarcinelli, Mario
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Menichella, Mezzogiorno
subject: B3

description: Donato Menichella was the central-bank governor when Italy's reconstruction and economic miracle took place. While well known are the merits he acquired in the '50s, less understood is the role he played to resolve the nexus between banks and industrial concerns in the '20s and above all in the '30s, when he was called upon to organise IRI, the Institute for Industrial Reconstruction conceived by Beneduce, and to write, together with others, the fundamental banking law of 1936. As a governor native of the South, he was well aware of Mezzogiorno's backward conditions. His was the idea as well as the bill that eventually set up Cassa del Mezzogiorno, the Development Fund for the South. Menichella was a great manager and a grand commis with a high sense of equity and a strong aversion to the limelight, either academic or political. JEL Codes: B3
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 60, N. 239 (2007)
Electron FLASH Delivery at Treatment Room Isocenter for Efficient Reversible Conversion of a Clinical LINAC
Creators: name: Rahman, Mahbubur
name: Ashraf, M. Ramish
name: Zhang, Rongxiao
name: Bruza, Petr
name: Dexter, Chad A.
name: Thompson, Lawrence
name: Cao, Xu
name: Williams, Benjamin B.
name: Hoopes, P. Jack
name: Pogue, Brian W.
name: Gladstone, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: In this study, procedures were developed to achieve efficient reversible conversion of a clinical linear accelerator (LINAC) and deliver electron FLASH (eFLASH) or conventional beams to the treatment room isocenter. Material & Methods: The LINAC was converted to deliver eFLASH beam within 20 minutes by retracting the x-ray target from the beam's path, positioning the carousel on an empty port, and selecting 10 MV photon beam energy in the treatment console. Dose per pulse and average dose rate were measured in a solid water phantom at different depths with Gafchromic film and OSLD. A pulse controller counted the pulses via scattered radiation signal and gated the delivery for preset pulse count. A fast photomultiplier tube-based Cherenkov detector measured per pulse beam output at 2 ns sampling rate. After conversion back to clinical mode, conventional beam output, flatness, symmetry, field size and energy were measured for all clinically commissioned energies. Results: Dose per pulse of 0.86 +/- 0.01 Gy (310 +/- 7 Gy/s average dose rate) were achieved at isocenter. The dose from simultaneous irradiation of film and OSLD were within 1%. The PMT showed the LINAC required about 5 pulses before the output stabilized and its long-term stability was within 3% for measurements performed at 3 minutes intervals. The dose, flatness, symmetry, and photon energy were unchanged from baseline and within tolerance (1%, 3%, 2%, and 0.1% respectively) after reverting to conventional beams. Conclusion: 10 MeV FLASH beams were achieved at the isocenter of the treatment room. The beam output was reproducible but requires further investigation of the ramp up time in the first 5 pulses, equivalent to <100 cGy. The eFLASH beam can irradiate both small and large subjects in minimally modified clinical settings and dose rates can be further increased by reducing the source to surface distance.
description: Manuscript: 21 Pages, 1 Table, 8 Figures; Supplementary Material A: 2 Pages, 2 Figures; Appendix: Film Dosimetry: 2 Pages, 2 Tables
STUDIES TO IMPROVE GINGER (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSCOE) PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY
Creators: name: Hosein, Azim
name: Hosein, Azim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Poor quality and low productivity of ginger rhizomes made the product uncompetitive on the extra-regional market. This study tested the components that could produce rhizomes of similar quality to the Hawaiian grade. Three field experiments were carried out to evaluate fertilizer formulations, fertilizer rates with organic manures and system of cultivation, and system of cultivation and plant density. Organic manure increased overall yield by 25% and exportable grade ginger by 500%. Closer intra-row spacing produced higher yields in both systems of cultivation. Furrow cultivation maximized total rhizome yield and exportable grade ginger with a 50% reduction in fertilizer requirement of 500 kg. ha '). Furrow cultivation improved the exportable grade yield of ginger but not overall yield. The addition of phosphate to the 15-08-24 NPK did not improve yields. A combined technology of 25 cm intra row spacing, organic manure, furrow cultivation and NPK fertilizer (15-08-24) at 500 kg. ha'1 was compared to the existing technology on 2000 m2 plots. Exportable grade ginger increased by 300%, and cost of production fell from EC $1.31 kg to EC $0.57kg"' (US $1.00 = EC $2.70).
The effects of microwave heating on the migration of contaminants from plastic into food simulants
Creators: name: Lam, Andrea Yuen-Kwun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Plastic food packaging contains potentially toxic chemicals that are capable of diffusing to the plastic surface through the process of migration, where they can contaminate food (Incarnato et al., 2000). Thus, government regulations require food packaging migration testing to ensure public safety. Standardized migration test methods use conventional ovens to determine the maximum amount of migration that will occur during heating. However, standardized migration tests may not accurately characterize the effects of microwave heating on migration. Studies by Galotto and Guarda (1999, 2004) showed that the amount of chemical migration released from polyvinyl chloride film into aqueous and fatty food simulants during microwave heating was higher than the amount released during oven heating. The objective of this study was to determine if the effects of microwave heating on migration were different from the effects of oven heating. The amount of chemicals migrating from one type of polypropylene plastic container into acetic acid and isopropanol food simulants during microwave and oven heating was measured using GC/MS analysis and compared. The results of this study showed that the effects of microwave and oven heating on migration are not comparable. The amount of chemical migration for most substances identified in acetic acid and isopropanol food simulant was significantly higher (p<0.05) in simulant exposed to microwave heated plastic compared to migration levels measured in simulant exposed to oven heated plastic. The number of migrants found in microwave heated acetic acid and isopropanol simulants (13 and 72, respectively) was greater than what was present in oven heated acetic acid and isopropanol simulants (4 and 70, respectively). The amount of identified chemical migrants in isopropanol simulant was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than the amount of migration measured in acetic acid simulant. The types of migrants identified in both simulants exposed to microwave heated plastic included: hydrocarbons, fatty acids and fatty acid amides/esters, antioxidant and antioxidant breakdown products, a monomer, an alcohol and unknown substances. The large number of unidentified migrants and the lack of toxicological data for many identified migrants emphasize the need for improved migration test methods and food packaging regulations, and more toxicity testing.
Chemical study, antioxidant activity, and genotoxicity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Ruellia angustiflora
Creators: name: Pires, Fernanda B.
name: Dolwitsch, Carolina B.
name: Ugalde, Gustavo A.
name: Menezes, Bryan B.
name: Marlos Eduardo Z. Fontana
name: Rieffeld, Roberta C.
name: Sagrillo, Michele R.
name: Essi, Liliana
name: Mazutti, Marcio Antonio
name: Rosa, Marcelo B. Da
name: Ionara Regina Pizzutti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Ruellia angustiflora (Acanthaceae) is known as flower-of-fire, and its leaves are traditionally employed to promote wound healing. This study was aimed at extracting and characterizing the chemical constituents of the extracts of R. angustiflora obtained by ultrasound-assisted and supercritical fluid extractions, and subsequently investigate their antioxidant potential and cyto-genotoxicity. The extract obtained by ultrasound (UAE-EtOH) was characterized by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS), and the extract obtained via supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The antioxidant potential was verified by the antiradical activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and the cyto-genotoxicity evaluation to test cell viability and DNA damage was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultures. The SFE-CO2 extract presented some fatty acids, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, tocopherols and phytosterols. The UAE-EtOH extract contained phenolic acids and flavonoids, and showed the highest antioxidant capacity. Neither extract was genotoxic or cytotoxic at the tested concentrations.
Cytotoxic activity against breast cancer cells of two species of marine sponges from shallows of Yucatan peninsula
Creators: name: Jasmín Salazar-Mendoza
name: León-Deniz, Lorena V.
name: Mirón-López, Gumersindo
name: Moo-Puc, Rosa E.
name: Chalé-Dzul, Juan
name: Mena-Rejón, Gonzalo J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of extracts of two marine sponge species, occurring in the shallows of the Yucatan peninsula coast, on two cancer and one normal mammalian cell lines. Hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Halichondria magniconulosa and Halichondria melanadocia were screened for their cytotoxic activity against hormone-dependent breast cancer (MCF-7) and human cervix cancer (SiHa) cell lines. The ethyl acetate extract of H. magniconulosa exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells to a CC50 of 0.8 µg/mL, as well as high selectivity (SI = 24.5). On the other hand, SiHa cells were moderately sensitive to the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of the same species. (CC50 = 34.9 and 31.5 µg/mL, respectively). None of the extracts of H. melanadocia were considered active due their CC50’s were ranged from 59.0 to 94.5 µg/mL.