cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Dissipation Theory for Three-Dimensional FDTD with Application to Stability Analysis and Subgridding
Creators: name: Bekmambetova, Fadime
name: Zhang, Xinyue
name: Triverio, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is a popular numerical method for solving electromagnetic problems. FDTD simulations can suffer from instability due to the explicit nature of the method. Stability enforcement can be particularly challenging in scenarios where a setup is composed of multiple components, such as grids of different resolution, advanced boundary conditions, reduced-order models, and lumped elements. We propose a dissipation theory for 3-D FDTD inspired by the principle of energy conservation. We view the FDTD update equations for a 3-D region as a dynamical system, and show under which conditions the system is dissipative. By requiring each component of an FDTD-like scheme to be dissipative, the stability of the overall coupled scheme follows by construction. The proposed framework enables the creation of provably stable schemes in an easy and modular fashion, since conditions are imposed on the individual components, rather than on the overall coupled scheme as in existing approaches. With the proposed framework, we derive a new subgridding scheme with guaranteed stability, low reflections, support for material traverse and arbitrary (odd) grid refinement ratio.
title: Women's adaptation to STEM domains : generalised effects on judgement and cognition
Creators: name: Di Bella, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: The chronic underrepresentation of women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) fields is a recognised, and widely investigated, social issue. This thesis reports a programme of research testing whether women's experience in STEM can have a psychological impact that extends beyond their academic domain. Four studies examined the differential effects of counter-stereotypical experiences on women from STEM and non-STEM fields. Results provided only partial support to the hypothesis, with two studies detecting a differential effect of exposure to counter-stereotypical priming, and two studies detecting superior STEM women's performances regardless of priming condition. Further investigation is required to interpret more accurately both the broader impact of chronic exposure to challenging experiences, and also the interaction between such experiences and further counter-stereotypical priming. Hopefully, this will support the call for a novel perspective on the issue of promoting women's entry to STEM field; that is, exploring not only the barriers that keep women away from the sciences, but also the benefits associated with entering those fields. Four more studies investigated whether exposure to stereotyping not only reduces women's willingness to engage in STEM, but stifles broader egalitarian concerns. Only one study broadly supported the hypothesis, by showing that women exposed to gender-occupational stereotypes felt less angry about the condition of women in STEM, endorsed more the negative stereotypes about women in STEM, and were marginally more resistant to social change in general. This line of research has the potential to highlight the importance of tackling gender stereotypes not only because they exclude women from maledominated careers, but also because of a potentially pervasive negative impact on broader egalitarian concerns. By exploring the issue of women in STEM from novel perspectives, this thesis contributes to the public and scholarly debate of the impact of stereotyping and gender inequalities in STEM fields.
Global hypoellipticity for a class of pseudo-differential operators on the torus
Creators: name: Silva, Fernando de Ávila
name: Gonzalez, Rafael Borro
name: Kirilov, Alexandre
name: de Medeira, Cleber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B10, 35H10, 35S05

description: We show that an obstruction of number-theoretical nature appears as a necessary condition for the global hypoellipticity of the pseudo-differential operator $L=D_t+(a+ib)(t)P(D_x)$ on $\mathbb{T}^1_t\times\mathbb{T}_x^{N}$. This condition is also sufficient when the symbol $p(ξ)$ of $P(D_x)$ has at most logarithmic growth. If $p(ξ)$ has super-logarithmic growth, we show that the global hypoellipticity of $L$ depends on the change of sign of certain interactions of the coefficients with the symbol $p(ξ).$ Moreover, the interplay between the order of vanishing of coefficients with the order of growth of $p(ξ)$ plays a crucial role in the global hypoellipticity of $L$. We also describe completely the global hypoellipticity of $L$ in the case where $P(D_x)$ is positively homogeneous. Additionally, we explore the influence of irrational approximations of a real number in the global hypoellipticity.
description: 37 pages; updated version
Reversal of thermoelectric current in tubular nanowires
Creators: name: Erlingsson, Sigurdur Ingi
name: Manolescu, Andrei
name: Nemnes, George Alexandru
name: Bardarson, Jens H.
name: Sanchez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the charge current generated by a temperature bias between the two ends of a tubular nanowire. We show that in the presence of a transversal magnetic field the current can change sign, i.e., electrons can either flow from the hot to the cold reservoir, or in the opposite direction, when the temperature bias increases. This behavior occurs when the magnetic field is sufficiently strong, such that Landau and snaking states are created, and the energy dispersion is non-monotonic with respect to the longitudinal wave vector. The sign reversal can survive in the presence of impurities. We predict this result for core/shell nanowires, for uniform nanowires with surface states due to the Fermi level pinning, and for topological insulator nanowires.
description: Main text and Supplemental Material (8 pages, 7 figures)
Dynamics and thermodynamics of a central spin immersed in a spin bath
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjib
name: Bhattacharya, Samyadeb
name: Misra, Avijit
name: Pati, Arun Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact reduced dynamical map along with its operator sum representation is derived for a central spin interacting with a thermal spin environment. The dynamics of the central spin shows high sustainability of quantum traits such as coherence and entanglement in the low-temperature regime. However, for sufficiently high temperature and when the number of bath particles approaches the thermodynamic limit, this feature vanishes and the dynamics closely mimics Markovian evolution. The properties of the long-time-averaged state and the trapped information of the initial state for the central qubit are also investigated in detail, confirming that the nonergodicity of the dynamics can be attributed to the finite temperature and finite size of the bath. It is shown that if a certain stringent resonance condition is satisfied, the long-time-averaged state retains quantum coherence, which can have far reaching technological implications in engineering quantum devices. An exact time-local master equation of the canonical form is derived. With the help of this master equation, the nonequilibrium properties of the central spin system are studied by investigating the detailed balance condition and irreversible entropy production rate. The result reveals that the central qubit thermalizes only in the limit of very high temperature and large number of bath spins.
description: Close to published version
Light Field Super-Resolution Via Graph-Based Regularization
Creators: name: Rossi, Mattia
name: Frossard, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Light field cameras capture the 3D information in a scene with a single exposure. This special feature makes light field cameras very appealing for a variety of applications: from post-capture refocus, to depth estimation and image-based rendering. However, light field cameras suffer by design from strong limitations in their spatial resolution, which should therefore be augmented by computational methods. On the one hand, off-the-shelf single-frame and multi-frame super-resolution algorithms are not ideal for light field data, as they do not consider its particular structure. On the other hand, the few super-resolution algorithms explicitly tailored for light field data exhibit significant limitations, such as the need to estimate an explicit disparity map at each view. In this work we propose a new light field super-resolution algorithm meant to address these limitations. We adopt a multi-frame alike super-resolution approach, where the complementary information in the different light field views is used to augment the spatial resolution of the whole light field. We show that coupling the multi-frame approach with a graph regularizer, that enforces the light field structure via nonlocal self similarities, permits to avoid the costly and challenging disparity estimation step for all the views. Extensive experiments show that the new algorithm compares favorably to the other state-of-the-art methods for light field super-resolution, both in terms of PSNR and visual quality.
description: This new version includes more material. In particular, we added: a new section on the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm, experimental comparisons with a CNN-based super-resolution algorithm, and new experiments on a third dataset
Efficient production of long-lived ultracold Sr$_2$ molecules
Creators: name: Ciamei, Alessio
name: Bayerle, Alex
name: Chen, Chun-Chia
name: Pasquiou, Benjamin
name: Schreck, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We associate Sr atom pairs on sites of a Mott insulator optically and coherently into weakly-bound ground-state molecules, achieving an efficiency above 80\%. This efficiency is 2.5 times higher than in our previous work [S. Stellmer, B. Pasquiou, R. Grimm, and F. Schreck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 115302 (2012)] and obtained through two improvements. First, the lifetime of the molecules is increased beyond one minute by using an optical lattice wavelength that is further detuned from molecular transitions. Second, we compensate undesired dynamic light shifts that occur during the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) used for molecule association. We also characterize and model STIRAP, providing insights into its limitations. Our work shows that significant molecule association efficiencies can be achieved even for atomic species or mixtures that lack Feshbach resonances suitable for magnetoassociation.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables; new reference added in introduction, corrected typos and improved reference Bibtex items
Optimal design of experiments by combining coarse and fine measurements
Creators: name: Lee, Alpha A.
name: Brenner, Michael P.
name: Colwell, Lucy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many contexts it is extremely costly to perform enough high quality experimental measurements to accurately parameterize a predictive quantitative model. However, it is often much easier to carry out large numbers of experiments that indicate whether each sample is above or below a given threshold. Can many such categorical or "coarse" measurements be combined with a much smaller number of high resolution or "fine" measurements to yield accurate models? Here, we demonstrate an intuitive strategy, inspired by statistical physics, wherein the coarse measurements are used to identify the salient features of the data, while the fine measurements determine the relative importance of these features. A linear model is inferred from the fine measurements, augmented by a quadratic term that captures the correlation structure of the coarse data. We illustrate our strategy by considering the problems of predicting the antimalarial potency and aqueous solubility of small organic molecules from their 2D molecular structure.
description: To appear in Physical Review Letters
CP Asymmetries in Strange Baryon Decays
Creators: name: Bigi, I. I.
name: Kang, Xian-Wei
name: Li, Hai-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While indirect & direct CP violations (CPV) had been established in the decays of strange & beauty mesons, none have been done for baryons. There are different "roads" for finding CP asymmetries in the decays of strange baryons; they are highly non-trivial ones. The HyperCP Collaboration had probed CPV in the decays of single $Ξ$ & $Λ$ [Phys.Rev.Lett 93 (2004) 262001]. We talk about future lessons from $e^+e^-$ collisions at BESIII/BEPCII: probing decays of pairs of strange baryons, namely $Λ$, $Σ$ & $Ξ$. Realistic goals are to learn about non-perturbative QCD. One can hope to find CPV in the decays of strange baryons; one can also dream to find impact of New Dynamics (ND). We point out that a new important era starts with the BESIII/BEPCII data accumulated by the end of 2018.
description: final version, slight typos corrected
Regularizing properties of Complex Monge-Ampère flows II: Hermitian manifolds
Creators: name: Tô, Tat Dat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a general complex Monge-Ampère flow on a Hermitian manifold can be run from an arbitrary initial condition with zero Lelong number at all points. Using this property, we confirm a conjecture of Tosatti-Weinkove: the Chern-Ricci flow performs a canonical surgical contraction. Finally, we study a generalization of the Chern-Ricci flow on compact Hermitian manifolds, namely the twisted Chern-Ricci flow.
description: 32 pages, final version, to appear in Math. Ann
(Almost) Dark Galaxies in the ALFALFA Survey: Isolated HI Bearing Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
Creators: name: Leisman, Lukas
name: Haynes, Martha P.
name: Janowiecki, Steven
name: Hallenbeck, Gregory
name: Józsa, Gyula
name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Adams, Elizabeth A. K.
name: Neira, David Bernal
name: Cannon, John M.
name: Janesh, William F.
name: Rhode, Katherine L.
name: Salzer, John J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of 115 very low optical surface brightness, highly extended, HI-rich galaxies carefully selected from the ALFALFA survey that have similar optical absolute magnitudes, surface brightnesses, and radii to recently discovered "ultra-diffuse" galaxies (UDGs). However, these systems are bluer and have more irregular morphologies than other UDGs, are isolated, and contain significant reservoirs of HI. We find that while these sources have normal star formation rates for HI selected galaxies of similar stellar mass, they have very low star formation efficiencies. We further present deep optical and HI synthesis follow up imaging of three of these HI-bearing ultra-diffuse sources. We measure HI diameters extending to ~40 kpc, but note that while all three sources have large HI diameters for their stellar mass, they are consistent with the HI mass - HI radius relation. We further analyze the HI velocity widths and rotation velocities for the unresolved and resolved sources respectively, and find that the sources appear to inhabit halos of dwarf galaxies. We estimate spin parameters, and suggest that these sources may exist in high spin parameter halos, and as such may be potential HI-rich progenitors to the ultra-diffuse galaxies observed in cluster environments.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, accepted to ApJ
Lossy Asymptotic Equipartition Property For Geometric Networked Data Structures
Creators: name: Doku-Amponsah, Kwabena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A15, 94A24, 60F10, 05C80

description: This article extends the Generalized Asypmtotic Equipartition Property of Networked Data Structures to cover the Wireless Sensor Network modelled as coloured geometric random graph (CGRG). The main techniques used to prove this result remains large deviation principles for properly defined empirical measures on CGRGs. As a motivation for this article, we apply our results to some data from Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Water Quality from a Lake..
description: 6 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1609.05252
Dynamics of Fragmented Condensates and Macroscopic Entanglement
Creators: name: Bulgac, Aurel
name: Jin, Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relative phase of the order parameters in the collision of two condensates can influence the outcome of their collision in the case of weak coupling. With increasing interaction strength however, the initially independent phases of the two order parameters in the colliding partners quickly become phase locked, as the strong coupling favors an overall phase rigidity of the entire condensate, and upon their separation the emerging superfluid fragments become entangled.
description: substantial changes, 7 pages, 4 figures, including supplemental material
On Reductions of the Hirota-Miwa Equation
Creators: name: Hone, Andrew N. W.
name: Kouloukas, Theodoros E.
name: Ward, Chloe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hirota-Miwa equation (also known as the discrete KP equation, or the octahedron recurrence) is a bilinear partial difference equation in three independent variables. It is integrable in the sense that it arises as the compatibility condition of a linear system (Lax pair). The Hirota-Miwa equation has infinitely many reductions of plane wave type (including a quadratic exponential gauge transformation), defined by a triple of integers or half-integers, which produce bilinear ordinary difference equations of Somos/Gale-Robinson type. Here it is explained how to obtain Lax pairs and presymplectic structures for these reductions, in order to demonstrate Liouville integrability of some associated maps, certain of which are related to reductions of discrete Toda and discrete KdV equations.
Constraining holographic cosmology using Planck data
Creators: name: Afshordi, Niayesh
name: Gould, Elizabeth
name: Skenderis, Kostas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holographic cosmology offers a novel framework for describing the very early Universe in which cosmological predictions are expressed in terms of the observables of a three dimensional quantum field theory (QFT). This framework includes conventional slow-roll inflation, which is described in terms of a strongly coupled QFT, but it also allows for qualitatively new models for the very early Universe, where the dual QFT may be weakly coupled. The new models describe a universe which is non-geometric at early times. While standard slow-roll inflation leads to a (near-)power-law primordial power spectrum, perturbative superrenormalizable QFT's yield a new holographic spectral shape. Here, we compare the two predictions against cosmological observations. We use CosmoMC to determine the best fit parameters, and MultiNest for Bayesian Evidence, comparing the likelihoods. We find that the dual QFT should be non-perturbative at the very low multipoles ($l \lesssim 30$), while for higher multipoles ($l \gtrsim 30$) the new holographic model, based on perturbative QFT, fits the data just as well as the standard power-law spectrum assumed in $Λ$CDM cosmology. This finding opens the door to applications of non-perturbative QFT techniques, such as lattice simulations, to observational cosmology on gigaparsec scales and beyond.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, updated to match version to appear in PRD
Multi-Messenger Time Delays from Lensed Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Baker, Tessa
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the potential of high-energy astrophysical events, from which both massless and massive signals are detected, to probe fundamental physics. In particular, we consider how strong gravitational lensing can induce time delays in multi-messenger signals originating from the same source. Obvious messenger examples are massless photons and gravitational waves, and massive neutrinos, although more exotic applications can also be imagined, such as to massive gravitons or axions. The different propagation times of the massive and massless particles can, in principle, place bounds on the total neutrino mass and probe cosmological parameters. Whilst measuring such an effect may pose a significant experimental challenge, we believe that the `massive time delay' represents an unexplored fundamental physics phenomenon.
description: 18+9 pages; updated to match published version, minor textual changes only
Dynamical Analysis of an Integrable Cubic Galileon Cosmological Model
Creators: name: Giacomini, Alex
name: Jamal, Sameerah
name: Leon, Genly
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
name: Saavedra, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently a cubic Galileon cosmological model was derived by the assumption that the field equations are invariant under the action of point transformations. The cubic Galileon model admits a second conservation law which means that the field equations form an integrable system. The analysis of the critical points for this integrable model is the main subject of this work. To perform the analysis, we work on dimensionless variables different from that of the Hubble normalization. New critical points are derived while the gravitational effects which follow from the cubic term are studied.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
О ВОПРОСАХ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПРИМЕНЕНИМОГО ПРАВА К МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ ЧАСТНОПРАВОВЫМ ОТНОШЕНИЯМ В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУДАХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ УЗБЕКИСТАН И МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ КОММЕРЧЕСКИХ АРБИТРАЖАХ (СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ ПОДХОД)
Creators: name: Собиров, Саидбек
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: автором предпринята попытка исследования порядка определения применимого права в отсутствие соглашения сторон международного коммерческого контракта, на основе юридического анализа выводы, изложенные автором, предлагается закрепить на законодательном уровне
The Markoff Group of Transformations in Prime and Composite Moduli
Creators: name: Meiri, Chen
name: Puder, Doron
name: Carmon, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11D25 (Primary) 20B15, 20B25, 20E05 (Secondary)

description: The Markoff group of transformations is a group $Γ$ of affine integral morphisms, which is known to act transitively on the set of all positive integer solutions to the equation $x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}=xyz$. The fundamental strong approximation conjecture for the Markoff equation states that for every prime $p$, the group $Γ$ acts transitively on the set $X^{*}\left(p\right)$ of non-zero solutions to the same equation over $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$. Recently, Bourgain, Gamburd and Sarnak proved this conjecture for all primes outside a small exceptional set. In the current paper, we study a group of permutations obtained by the action of $Γ$ on $X^{*}\left(p\right)$, and show that for most primes, it is the full symmetric or alternating group. We use this result to deduce that $Γ$ acts transitively also on the set of non-zero solutions in a big class of composite moduli. Our result is also related to a well-known theorem of Gilman, stating that for any finite non-abelian simple group $G$ and $r\ge3$, the group $\mathrm{Aut}\left(F_{r}\right)$ acts on at least one $T_{r}$-system of $G$ as the alternating or symmetric group. In this language, our main result translates to that for most primes $p$, the group $\mathrm{Aut}\left(F_{2}\right)$ acts on a particular $T_{2}$-system of $\mathrm{PSL}\left(2,p\right)$ as the alternating or symmetric group.
description: 31 pages, by Chen Meiri and Doron Puder, with an appendix by Dan Carmon. Better exposition than in last version, and some non-accurate statements fixed
Universal locally finite maximally homogeneous semigroups and inverse semigroups
Creators: name: Dolinka, Igor
name: Gray, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M20, 20M10, 03C07, 20F50

description: In 1959, P. Hall introduced the locally finite group $\mathcal{U}$, today known as Hall's universal group. This group is countable, universal, simple, and any two finite isomorphic subgroups are conjugate in $\mathcal{U}$. It can be explicitly described as a direct limit of finite symmetric groups. It is homogeneous in the model-theoretic sense since it is the Fraisse limit of the class of all finite groups. Since its introduction Hall's group, and several natural generalisations, have been widely studied. In this article we use a generalisation of Fraisse theory to construct a countable, universal, locally finite semigroup $\mathcal{T}$, that arises as a direct limit of finite full transformation semigroups, and has the highest possible degree of homogeneity. We prove that it is unique up to isomorphism among semigroups satisfying these properties. We prove an analogous result for inverse semigroups, constructing a maximally homogeneous universal locally finite inverse semigroup $\mathcal{I}$ which is a direct limit of finite symmetric inverse semigroups (semigroups of partial bijections). The semigroups $\mathcal{T}$ and $\mathcal{I}$ are the natural counterparts of Hall's universal group for semigroups and inverse semigroups, respectively. While these semigroups are not homogeneous, they still exhibit a great deal of symmetry. We study the structural features of these semigroups and locate several well-known homogeneous structures within them, such as the countable generic semilattice, the countable random bipartite graph, and Hall's group itself.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures; to appear in Forum Mathematicum
title: Water speciation in partially deuterated hydrous stishovite at 450 °C and 9 GPa
Creators: name: Kueter, Nico
name: Brugman, Kara
name: Miozzi, Francesca
name: Cody, George D.
name: Walter, Michael J.
name: Yang, Jing
name: Strobel, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The high-pressure SiO2 polymorph stishovite is a major constituent of subducted oceanic crust and is stable over a wide range of pressures and temperatures ranging from the lower upper mantle to the lower mantle1. Its capacity to store water (i.e., H, OH, H2O) renders stishovite an important water conveyor to the transition zone and lower mantle2. Previous studies demonstrated that Al-free Stishovite quenched from multi-anvil experiments can incorporate up to 3.2 wt% water (<550 °C, 10 GPa3-5). This was explained by a hydrogarnet substitution mechanism, where four H+ substitute for one Si4+ in the tetragonal stishovite lattice3,4. In-situ X-ray diffraction experiments with diamond anvil cell (DAC) found stishovite containing up to 10 wt% water under pressure but showed that this water is lost upon decompression2, suggesting that water also exists in a more mobile molecular form in the stishovite structure.

We investigated the water speciation in hydrous stishovite synthesized at 450 °C and 9 GPa from partially deuterated SiO2 glass via 1H-NMR. Water comprises 1.5–2.0 wt% of the stishovite and causes up to 0.4% unit-cell volume expansion as determined by X-ray diffraction. 1H-NMR cannot rule out the presence of a hydrogarnet substitution mechanism, but spinning sideband intensities indicate that water is also stored as semi-rigid H2O defects. Spectroscopic D/H analysis of the system components suggests a preferential partitioning of deuterons into the stishovite relative to the coexisting water. We further present a method to recover and preserve the quenched fluid from the experimental capsule.

1Ono,S.(2001)EPSL,57-63; 2Lin,Y.(2020)PNAS,184-189; 3Spektor,K.(2011)PNAS,20918-20922; 4Spektor,K.(2016)Am.Min. 2514-2524; 5Nisr,C.(2017)Am.Min.,2180-2189.
Millimeter Wave V2V Communications: Distributed Association and Beam Alignment
Creators: name: Perfecto, Cristina
name: Del Ser, Javier
name: Bennis, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently millimeter-wave bands have been postulated as a means to accommodate the foreseen extreme bandwidth demands in vehicular communications, which result from the dissemination of sensory data to nearby vehicles for enhanced environmental awareness and improved safety level. However, the literature is particularly scarce in regards to principled resource allocation schemes that deal with the challenging radio conditions posed by the high mobility of vehicular scenarios. In this work we propose a novel framework that blends together Matching Theory and Swarm Intelligence to dynamically and efficiently pair vehicles and optimize both transmission and reception beamwidths. This is done by jointly considering Channel State Information (CSI) and Queue State Information (QSI) when establishing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links. To validate the proposed framework, simulation results are presented and discussed where the throughput performance as well as the latency/reliability trade-offs of the proposed approach are assessed and compared to several baseline approaches recently proposed in the literature. The results obtained in our study show performance gains in terms of reliability and delay up to 25% for ultra-dense vehicular scenarios and on average 50% more paired vehicles that some of the baselines. These results shed light on the operational limits and practical feasibility of mmWave bands, as a viable radio access solution for future high-rate V2V communications.
description: Accepted May 24, 2017 by IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communication (JSAC) SI on Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks. 14 pages. 6 Figures, 3 Tables
Cynomops planirostris
Creators: name: García, Franger J.
name: Ochoa-G, José
name: Poma-Urey, José L.
name: Miller, Bruce W.
name: Falcão, Fábio C.
name: del Valle Alvarez, Martín Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Molossidae
Cynomops
Cynomops planirostris

description: Cynomops planirostris (W. Peters, 1866)
Summary of captures.
Six females (CMARF 2111–2116) and four males (CMARF 2117–2120).
External measurements and weights.
The average and range of external measurements and weights for females: TLB: 90.00 (80.00–97.00), TL: 31.00 (27.00–36.00), LHL: 5.97 (5.40–7.00), EL: 13.17 (13.00–14.00), W: 9.50 (9.00–10.00). Males: TLB: 90.00 (89.00–92.00), TL: 30.00 (28.00–32.00), LHL: 5.88 (5.34–6.01), EL: 13.80 (13.08–14.05), W: 9.75 (9.00–10.00).
Morphological description.
Dorsal fur varies from chocolate brown to yellowish brown, contrasting with the paler ventral coloration. Skulls with a relatively low and short rostrum (Fig. 3). Lacrimal ridge conspicuous with the anterior face sloped smoothly to the forehead. Incisive foramina positioned closer to the accessory foramen and the three foramina (incisive and accessory) forming an equilateral triangle (seen with magnification from above). Basisphenoid pits are shallow. Values of some skull measurements for the females and males are shown in Table 1.
* Variable incorrectly measured.
Identification.
 Externally, the forearm length (<40 mm) and the ventral coloration paler than the dorsum in all specimens, in addition to cranial measurements and the arrangement of incisive and accessory foramina in the shape of an equilateral triangle, distinguish this species from its most similar congeners in the area (Cynomops greenhalli Goodwin, 1958, and C. milleri (Osgood, 1914), Moras et al. 2018; López Berrizbeitia and Díaz 2021).
description: Published as part of García, Franger J., Ochoa-G, José, Poma-Urey, José L., Miller, Bruce W., Falcão, Fábio C. & del Valle Alvarez, Martín Roberto, 2024, Expanding the knowledge of the bat fauna of the Brazilian Caatinga: new geographical records of molossid bats (Chiroptera, Molossidae) for the Chapada Diamantina region, with taxonomic notes, pp. 333-371 in ZooKeys 1210 on pages 333-371, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1210.128570
Identifying time scales for violation/preservation of Stokes-Einstein relation in supercooled water
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Takeshi
name: Kim, Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The violation of Stokes--Einstein (SE) relation $D\sim (η/T)^{-1}$ between the shear viscosity $η$ and the translational diffusion constant $D$ at temperature $T$ is of great importance for characterizing anomalous dynamics of supercooled water. Determining which time scales play key roles in the SE violation remains elusive without the measurement of $η$. Here we provide comprehensive simulation results of the dynamic properties involving $η$ and $D$ in TIP4P/2005 supercooled water. This enabled the thorough identification of the appropriate time scales for SE relation $Dη/T$. In particular, it is demonstrated that the temperature dependence of various time scales associated with structural relaxation, hydrogen bond breakage, stress relaxation, and dynamic heterogeneities can be definitely classified into only two classes. That is, we propose the generalized SE relations that exhibit "violation" or "preservation". The classification depends on the examined time scales that are coupled or decoupled with the diffusion. On the basis of the classification, we explain the physical origins of the violation in terms of the increase in the plateau modulus and the nonexponentiality of stress relaxation. This implies that the mechanism of SE violation is attributed to the attained solidity upon supercooling, which is in accord with the growth of non-Gaussianity and spatially heterogeneous dynamics.
description: 9 pages with 3 figures for main text, 2 pages with 4 figures for supplementary materials, to appear in Science Advances
Polarization dependent femtosecond laser modification of MBE-grown III-V nanostructures on silicon
Creators: name: Zandbergen, Sander R.
name: Gibson, Ricky
name: Amirsolaimani, Babak
name: Mehravar, Soroush
name: Keiffer, Patrick
name: Azarm, Ali
name: Kieu, Khanh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a novel, polarization dependent, femtosecond laser-induced modification of surface nanostructures of indium, gallium, and arsenic grown on silicon via molecular beam epitaxy, yielding shape control from linear and circular polarization of laser excitation. Linear polarization causes an elongation effect, beyond the dimensions of the unexposed nanostructures, ranging from 88 nm to over 1 um, and circular polarization causes the nanostructures to flatten out or form loops of material, to diameters of approximately 195 nm. During excitation, it is also observed that the generated second and third harmonic signals from the substrate and surface nanostructures increase with exposure time.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
X-Ray Amplification by Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Creators: name: Edwards, Matthew R.
name: Mikhailova, Julia M.
name: Fisch, Nathaniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasma-based parametric amplification using stimulated Brillouin scattering offers a route to coherent x-ray pulses orders-of-magnitude more intense than those of the brightest available sources. Brillouin amplification permits amplification of shorter wavelengths with lower pump intensities than Raman amplification, which Landau and collisional damping limit in the x-ray regime. Analytic predictions, numerical solutions of the three-wave coupling equations, and particle-in-cell simulations suggest that Brillouin amplification in solid-density plasmas will allow compression of current x-ray free electron laser pulses to sub-femtosecond durations and unprecedented intensities.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
The Spectrum of the Hamiltonian with a PT-symmetric Periodic Optical Potential
Creators: name: Veliev, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a complete description, provided with a mathematical proof, of the shape of the spectrum of the Hill operator with a PT-symmetric periodic optical potential. We prove that the second critical point, after which the real parts of the first and second bands disappear, is a number between 0.8884370025 and 0.8884370117. Moreover we prove that it is the degeneration point for the first periodic eigenvalue. Besides, we give a scheme by which one can find arbitrary precise value of the second critical point as well as the k-th critical points after which the real parts of the (2k-3)th and (2k-2)th bands disappear, where k=3,4,...
Universal description of channel plasmons in two-dimensional materials
Creators: name: Gonçalves, P. A. D.
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Channeling surface plasmon-polaritons to control their propagation direction is of the utmost importance for future optoelectronic devices. Here, we develop an effective-index method to describe and characterize the properties of 2D material's channel plasmon-polaritons (CPPs) guided along a V-shaped channel. Focusing on the case of graphene, we derive a universal Schrödinger-like equation from which one can determine the dispersion relation of graphene CPPs and corresponding field distributions at any given frequency, since they depend on the geometry of the structure alone. The results are then compared against more rigorous theories, having obtained a very good agreement. Our calculations show that CPPs in graphene and other 2D materials are attractive candidates to achieve deep subwavelength waveguiding of light, holding potential as active components for the next generation of tunable photonic devices.
description: (6 pages, 5 figures) Open-acess in OSA's Optica journal: Optica 4 (6) 595-600 (2017)
The $p$-cones in dimension $n \geq 3$ are not homogeneous when $p\neq 2$
Creators: name: Ito, Masaru
name: Lourenço, Bruno F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A20, 15B48, 17C55

description: Using the T-algebra machinery we show that, up to linear isomorphism, the only strictly convex homogeneous cones in $\Re^n$ with $n \geq 3$ are the 2-cones, also known as Lorentz cones or second order cones. In particular, this shows that the p-cones are not homogeneous when $p\neq 2$, $1 < p
description: 7 pages. Typo fixes. To appear in Linear Algebra and its Applications
Social dynamics of financial networks
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Teruyoshi
name: Takaguchi, Taro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global financial crisis in 2007-2009 demonstrated that systemic risk can spread all over the world through a complex web of financial linkages, yet we still lack fundamental knowledge about the evolution of the financial web. In particular, interbank credit networks shape the core of the financial system, in which a time-varying interconnected risk emerges from a massive number of temporal transactions between banks. The current lack of understanding of the mechanics of interbank networks makes it difficult to evaluate and control systemic risk. Here, we uncover fundamental dynamics of interbank networks by seeking the patterns of daily transactions between individual banks. We find stable interaction patterns between banks from which distinctive network-scale dynamics emerge. In fact, the dynamical patterns discovered at the local and network scales share common characteristics with social communication patterns of humans. To explain the origin of "social" dynamics in interbank networks, we provide a simple model that allows us to generate a sequence of synthetic daily networks characterized by the observed dynamical properties. The discovery of dynamical principles at the daily resolution will enhance our ability to assess systemic risk and could contribute to the real-time management of financial stability.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, SI included
title: Using Novel Geochemical Proxies to Correlate the Volcanic Atmospheric Input of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) at the Paleocene – Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)
Creators: name: Baumann, Nils Björn
name: Regelous, Marcel
name: Regelous, Anette
name: Adatte, Thierry
name: Thibault, Nicolas
name: Haase, Karsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) have caused significant environmental perturbations, including global warming and oceanic anoxia. At least five mass extinction events throughout Earth’s history temporally coincide with the occurrence of LIPs. Geochemical proxies for volcanism in sediments deposited at the time of LIP events can potentially link the volcanic record with the record of environmental change and extinction at <10 ky timescales. Previous studies have used mercury (Hg) enrichments in sediments as a proxy for past volcanism. However, mercury concentrations are sensitive to alteration, the presence of organic matter, and can be enriched in detrital minerals, e.g. pyrite.

We present ICP-MS trace element data from the Fur section in Denmark, where ash layers related to NAIP volcanism are interbedded with sediments deposited immediately after the PETM carbon isotope excursion. Systematic differences in trace element concentrations between ash layers and sediments indicate the potential value of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), rhenium (Re), and thallium (Tl) as volcanic proxies. These elements are enriched in the sediment layers compared to the ashes and correlate with Hg/TOC. In particular, we observe elevated concentrations in Te (up to 600 ppb), compared to the average continental crustal value of about 3 ppb. Leaching of samples with dilute acid suggests that ash particles have degassed Te during eruption, whereas the sediments which were deposited more slowly, incorporate Te in a loosely bound form consistent with an atmospheric origin. We conclude that these trace elements are valuable proxies for the reconstruction of past volcanism.
Climbing the cosmic ladder with stellar twins in RAVE with Gaia
Creators: name: Jofre, P.
name: Traven, G.
name: Hawkins, K.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Sanders, J. L.
name: Maedler, T.
name: Steinmetz, M.
name: Kunder, A.
name: Kordopatis, G.
name: McMillan, P.
name: Biename, O.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Munari, U.
name: Navarro, J.
name: Parker, Q.
name: Reid, W.
name: Seabroke, G.
name: Zwitter, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the twin method to determine parallaxes to 232,545 stars of the RAVE survey using the parallaxes of Gaia DR1 as a reference. To search for twins in this large dataset, we apply the t-stochastic neighbour embedding t-SNE projection which distributes the data according to their spectral morphology on a two dimensional map. From this map we choose the twin candidates for which we calculate a chi^2 to select the best sets of twins. Our results show a competitive performance when compared to other model-dependent methods relying on stellar parameters and isochrones. The power of the method is shown by finding that the accuracy of our results is not significantly affected if the stars are normal or peculiar since the method is model free. We find twins for 60% of the RAVE sample which is not contained in TGAS or that have TGAS uncertainties which are larger than 20%. We could determine parallaxes with typical errors of 28%. We provide a complementary dataset for the RAVE stars not covered by TGAS, or that have TGAS uncertainties which are larger than 20%, with model-free parallaxes scaled to the Gaia measurements.
description: MNRAS accepted