cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Global Solar Corona III: Origin of the Hemispheric Pattern of Filaments
Creators: name: Yeates, A. R.
name: Mackay, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the physical origin of the hemispheric pattern of filament chirality on the Sun. Our 3D simulations of the coronal field evolution over a period of 6 months, based on photospheric magnetic measurements, were previously shown to be highly successful at reproducing observed filament chiralities. In this paper we identify and describe the physical mechanisms responsible for this success. The key mechanisms are found to be (1) differential rotation of north-south polarity inversion lines, (2) the shape of bipolar active regions, and (3) evolution of skew over a period of many days. As on the real Sun, the hemispheric pattern in our simulations holds in a statistical sense. Exceptions arise naturally for filaments in certain locations relative to bipolar active regions, or from interactions between a number of active regions.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
The impact of increased income on peasant want patterns in Mexico's southern Gulf Lowlands
Creators: name: Ford, G. Marilyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This paper examines the changes that take place in want patterns when unaccustomed purchasing power is made available to peasant agriculturalists as a result of a recent Government-sponsored development project in the Mexican Gulf Lowlands. It is hypothesized that increased cash income stimulates changes in peasant expenditure patterns and that corresponding changes in wants can be identified. In order to measure the changes that have taken place in expenditure and make inferences about wants, a detailed study has been undertaken of patterns of income and expenditure in a sample group selected within the Plan compared with a control group of peasants outside of the immediate project area. The comparison between the sample groups supports the hypothesis. However, no simple link was found between increased purchasing power and consumption. The initial period of new want development consequent on income increase was characterized by extensive experimental spending on a wide variety of superficial wants, which are unlikely to be incorporated as deep-seated components of the consumption pattern since they are based on short-term impulses prompted by curiosity and prestige motives. Consequently, increased expenditure on want satisfaction had achieved relatively little impact on the standard of living. It was concluded that the main significance of increased income in this context is that it acts as a catalyst to change in wants and brings the consumer to the point where satisfaction of potential wants is possible. Potential wants are not adopted simply because the opportunity is available and the items can be afforded, but only if they are the response to a felt need and have a good fit with the existing cultural matrix. Thus, change in want patterns is a function of change in perception rather than a response to increased income. The value system, then, plays the key role in want development and it appears that change in the value system itself in terms of attitudes, motivations and aspirations, is prerequisite for the development of new wants and the modification of old wants, which in turn stimulates further reformulation of the cultural frame-of-reference.
Intermediate convergents and a metric theorem of Khinchin
Creators: name: Haynes, Alan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B57; 11K50; 60G46

description: A landmark theorem in the metric theory of continued fractions begins this way: Select a non-negative real function $f$ defined on the positive integers and a real number $x$, and form the partial sums $s_n$ of $f$ evaluated at the partial quotients $a_1,..., a_n$ in the continued fraction expansion for $x$. Does the sequence $\{s_n/n\}$ have a limit as $n\rar\infty$? In 1935 A. Y. Khinchin proved that the answer is yes for almost every $x$, provided that the function $f$ does not grow too quickly. In this paper we are going to explore a natural reformulation of this problem in which the function $f$ is defined on the rationals and the partial sums in question are over the intermediate convergents to $x$ with denominators less than a prescribed amount. By using some of Khinchin's ideas together with more modern results we are able to provide a quantitative asymptotic theorem analogous to the classical one mentioned above.
A kinetic scheme for transient mixed flows in non uniform closed pipes: a global manner to upwind all the source terms
Creators: name: Bourdarias, Christian
name: Ersoy, Mehmet
name: Gerbi, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a numerical kinetic scheme for an unsteady mixed pressurised and free surface model. This model has a source term depending on both the space variable and the unknown, U, of the system. The source term is composed by a topography, a section variation, a curvature (also called corrective) and a friction term. Using the Finite Volume and Kinetic (FVK) framework, we propose an approximation of the source terms following the principle of interfacial upwind with a kinetic interpretation: the source term is not treated as a volumic term, but included in the numerical fluxes. Then, several numerical tests are presented.
Diomus Mulsant 1850
Creators: name: Vandenberg, Natalia J.
name: Iverson, Aaron
name: Liere, Heidi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Diomus

description: Diomus Mulsant   Scymnus (Diomus) Mulsant 1850: 951. Type species: Coccinella thoracica Fabricius, 1801, by subsequent designation of Korschefsky 1931.
 Diomus: Weise 1895:144.
 Nephus (Diomus): Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1976: 377.
 Amidellus Weise 1923: 141. Type species: Scymnus ementitor Blackburn, 1895 by original designation. Synonymized by Ślipiński 2007: 87 (see Gordon (1976) and Pang & Gordon (1986) for a more complete bibliography).
 Diomus is the most speciose genus in the tribe Diomini Gordon, 1999, and possibly the largest genus in the entire family Coccinellidae Latreille, 1807 (Pang & Ślipiński 2009, 2010). Diomus was originally placed as a subgenus of Scymnus Kugellan, 1794, and classified, until recent times, in the tribe Scymnini Mulsant, 1846 along with a miscellaneous assortment of other small pubescent lady beetles. Gordon (1999) recognized Diomus and allies as deserving of their own tribe Diomini, distinct from Scymnini, but unfortunately his circumscription of the former included some genera belonging to another tribe—Selvadiini Gordon, 1985 (Vandenberg 2002; Vandenberg & Hanson in review). A re-circumscription and review of Diomini is detailed in Vandenberg and Hanson (in review) and will not be repeated here.
description: Published as part of Vandenberg, Natalia J., Iverson, Aaron & Liere, Heidi, 2018, A new species of myrmecophilous lady beetle in the genus Diomus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Diomini) from Chiapas, Mexico that feeds on green coffee scale, Coccus viridis (Green) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), pp. 113-122 in Zootaxa 4420 (1) on page 114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4420.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/1247206
Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Hasan, M. Z.
name: Kane, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators are electronic materials that have a bulk band gap like an ordinary insulator, but have protected conducting states on their edge or surface. The 2D topological insulator is a quantum spin Hall insulator, which is a close cousin of the integer quantum Hall state. A 3D topological insulator supports novel spin polarized 2D Dirac fermions on its surface. In this Colloquium article we will review the theoretical foundation for these electronic states and describe recent experiments in which their signatures have been observed. We will describe transport experiments on HgCdTe quantum wells that demonstrate the existence of the edge states predicted for the quantum spin Hall insulator. We will then discuss experiments on Bi_{1-x}Sb_x, Bi_2 Se_3, Bi_2 Te_3 and Sb_2 Te_3 that establish these materials as 3D topological insulators and directly probe the topology of their surface states. We will then describe exotic states that can occur at the surface of a 3D topological insulator due to an induced energy gap. A magnetic gap leads to a novel quantum Hall state that gives rise to a topological magnetoelectric effect. A superconducting energy gap leads to a state that supports Majorana fermions, and may provide a new venue for realizing proposals for topological quantum computation. We will close by discussing prospects for observing these exotic states, a well as other potential device applications of topological insulators.
description: 23 pages, 20 figures, Published version
Inclusivity, Extended Messages and Religious Participation: A Re-Examination of South Asian Buddhist Donatory Inscriptions First Century BCE to Second Century CE
Creators: name: Kaur, Raminder
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Kharoṣṭhī Buddhist donatory inscriptions found in Pakistan and Afghanistan included additional messages beyond simpler votive inscriptions. Donors offered worship to others, wished for health, merit, happiness and welfare, and referred to the afterlife. The messages were partly Buddhist-inspired but had an element of pre-existing, non-Buddhist beliefs, such as ancestor worship and the afterlife. A limited number of Brāhmī inscriptions found at caves in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India, also included similar messages. A statistical approach firstly determines that Buddhism did not attract equal patronage from different gender and status groups, contrary to beliefs that Buddhism was inclusive. There was male-dominance in the northwest and cave inscriptions in contrast to major stūpa sites in central and southern India, which were more egalitarian in representation. However, high status female donors had an important role in Buddhist patronage, in contrast to the negative portrayal of women in different religions. Moreover, the same families were involved in some donations, creating exclusive spaces for worship and subsequent patronage. Thus exclusive elements became a part of Buddhism. From the first to second centuries CE, extended messages were mainly found in conjunction with high value gifts and high status individuals. As such, the inscriptions became more complex because of access to literacy and the cultural backgrounds of donors.
Pontryagin Maximum Principle - a generalization
Creators: name: Grabowski, Janusz
name: Jozwikowski, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49K15, 49K99, 93C25 (Primary), 17B66, 22A22 (Secondary)

description: The fundamental theorem of the theory of optimal control, the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP), is extended to the setting of almost Lie (AL) algebroids, geometrical objects generalizing Lie algebroids. This formulation of the PMP yields, in particular, a scheme comprising reductions of optimal control problems similar to the reduction for the rigid body in analytical mechanics. On the other hand, in the presented approach the reduced and unreduced PMPs are parts of the same universal formalism. The framework is based on a very general concept of homotopy of measurable paths and the geometry of AL algebroids.
description: 64 pages, a revised and extended version of an article from SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 49(3) pp. 1306-1357
An efficient method for computing the eigenfunctions of the dynamo equation
Creators: name: Schrinner, M.
name: Schmitt, D.
name: Jiang, J.
name: Hoyng, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an elegant method of determining the eigensolutions of the induction and the dynamo equation in a fluid embedded in a vacuum. The magnetic field is expanded in a complete set of functions. The new method is based on the biorthogonality of the adjoint electric current and the vector potential with an inner product defined by a volume integral over the fluid domain. The advantage of this method is that the velocity and the dynamo coefficients of the induction and the dynamo equation do not have to be differentiated and thus even numerically determined tabulated values of the coefficients produce reasonable results. We provide test calculations and compare with published results obtained by the classical treatment based on the biorthogonality of the magnetic field and its adjoint. We especially consider dynamos with mean-field coefficients determined from direct numerical simulations of the geodynamo and compare with initial value calculations and the full MHD simulations.
description: accepted for Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nonlinear Electromagnetic Waves in Magnetosphere of a Magnetar
Creators: name: Mazur, Dan
name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute electromagnetic wave propagation through the magnetosphere of a magnetar. The magnetosphere is modeled as the QED vacuum and a cold, strongly magnetized plasma. The background field and electromagnetic waves are treated nonperturbatively and can be arbitrarily strong. This technique is particularly useful for examining non-linear effects in propagating waves. Waves travelling through such a medium typically form shocks; on the other hand we focus on the possible existence of waves that travel without evolving. Therefore, in order to examine the nonlinear effects, we make a travelling wave ansatz and numerically explore the resulting wave equations. We discover a class of solutions in a homogeneous plasma which are stabilized against forming shocks by exciting nonorthogonal components which exhibit strong nonlinear behaviour. These waves may be an important part of the energy transmission processes near pulsars and magnetars.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, edited for clarity and references added, version accepted for publication by MNRAS
An Observational Estimate for the Mean Secular Evolution Rate in Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Foyle, K.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Zibetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observationally quantified the effect of gravitational torques on stars in disk galaxies due to the stellar distribution itself and explored whether these torques are efficient at transporting angular momentum within a Hubble Time. We derive instantaneous torque maps for a sample of 24 spiral galaxies, based on stellar mass maps that were derived using the pixel-by-pixel mass-to-light estimator by Zibetti, Rix and Charlot. In conjunction with an estimate of the rotation velocity, the mass maps allow us to determine the torque-induced instantaneous angular momentum flow across different radii, resulting from the overall stellar distributions for each galaxy in the sample. By stacking the sample, which effectively replaces a time average by an ensemble average, we find that the torques due to the stellar disk act to transport angular momentum outward over much of the disk (within 3 disk scale lengths). The strength of the ensemble-averaged gravitational torques within one disk scale length have a timescale of ~ 4 Gyr for angular momentum redistribution. This study is the first to observationally determine the strength of torque-driven angular momentum flow of stars for a sample of spiral galaxies, providing an important empirical constraint on secular evolution. (abridged)
description: 24 pages, 18 Figures A high resolution version of this paper can be found at http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/~foyle/papers/MN-09-1350-MJ.pdf
Additional file 2 of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 infection suppresses the pathogenicity but increases the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol production of Fusarium graminearum
Creators: name: Bian, Ruiling
name: Ren, Huan
name: Jiang, Mengge
name: Zhang, Zhihao
name: Zhai, Shiyu
name: Pang, Tianxing
name: Andika, Ida Bagus
name: Sun, Liying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2. Table S1. A list of primers used in this study.
New parametrization for the nuclear covariant energy density functional with point-coupling interaction
Creators: name: Zhao, P. W.
name: Li, Z. P.
name: Yao, J. M.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new parametrization PC-PK1 for the nuclear covariant energy density functional with nonlinear point-coupling interaction is proposed by fitting to observables for 60 selected spherical nuclei, including the binding energies, charge radii and empirical pairing gaps. The success of PC-PK1 is illustrated in its description for infinite nuclear matter and finite nuclei including the ground-state and low-lying excited states. Particularly, PC-PK1 improves the description for isospin dependence of binding energy along either the isotopic or the isotonic chains, which makes it more reliable for application in exotic nuclei. The predictive power of PC-PK1 is also illustrated for the nuclear low-lying excitation states in a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian in which the parameters are determined by constrained calculations for triaxial shapes.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables, accepted by Phys. Rev. C
Respiration and circulation in Amphiuma Tridactylum
Creators: name: Toews, Daniel Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Respiratory and circulatory changes which accompany submergence were studied in Amphiuma tridactylum, an aquatic urodele. All experimentation was performed at 15° C with the exception of oxygen consumption recording taken at 25° C. The lungs, systemic arches, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, post caval vein and dorsal aorta were cannulated. Serial sampling procedures enabled PO₂ and PCO₂ measurements to be made through several breathing cycles on all animals. Oxygen consumption in Amphiuma at 15° C was the lowest recorded for any amphibian at a comparable temperature. It was found that the lungs were the primary respiratory exchange surface for oxygen consumption and were used very little for carbon dioxide elimination. Oxygen tensions in the major vessels showed large fluctuations which were related to the breathing cycle of the animal. Amphiuma breathed about once every hour at 15° C and it was just after a breath that oxygen tensions in the lungs and major vessels were the highest. There was a definite gradient between the pulmonary artery and systemic arch which persisted throughout the breathing cycle. Termination of inspiration in Amphiuma was shown to be controlled by a volume detection mechanism. It was found that low oxygen tensions in the blood brought about a breathing response whereas there was no relationship between the carbon dioxide levels in the body and the breathing response. The pulmonary artery had a lower diastolic blood pressure than did the systemic arch. There was a slight pulse lag in the systemic arch when compared to the pressure rise in the pulmonary artery such that a pressure rise was not recorded in the systemic arch until the blood pressure in the two circuits became equal. It was suggested that the pulse lag could account for deoxy genated blood being primarily shunted to the pulmonary circuit, and oxygenated blood being shunted to the systemic circuit.
On Azéma-Yor processes, their optimal properties and the Bachelier-drawdown equation
Creators: name: Carraro, Laurent
name: Karoui, Nicole El
name: Obłój, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study the class of Azéma-Yor processes defined from a general semimartingale with a continuous running maximum process. We show that they arise as unique strong solutions of the Bachelier stochastic differential equation which we prove is equivalent to the drawdown equation. Solutions of the latter have the drawdown property: they always stay above a given function of their past maximum. We then show that any process which satisfies the drawdown property is in fact an Azéma-Yor process. The proofs exploit group structure of the set of Azéma-Yor processes, indexed by functions, which we introduce. We investigate in detail Azéma-Yor martingales defined from a nonnegative local martingale converging to zero at infinity. We establish relations between average value at risk, drawdown function, Hardy-Littlewood transform and its inverse. In particular, we construct Azéma-Yor martingales with a given terminal law and this allows us to rediscover the Azéma-Yor solution to the Skorokhod embedding problem. Finally, we characterize Azéma-Yor martingales showing they are optimal relative to the concave ordering of terminal variables among martingales whose maximum dominates stochastically a given benchmark.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOP614 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Braiding surface links which are coverings over the standard torus
Creators: name: Nakamura, Inasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a surface link in the 4-space which can be presented by a simple branched covering over the standard torus, which we call a torus-covering link. Torus-covering links include spun $T^2$-knots and turned spun $T^2$-knots. In this paper we braid a torus-covering link over the standard 2-sphere. This gives an upper estimate of the braid index of a torus-covering link. In particular we show that the turned spun $T^2$-knot of the torus $(2,\,p)$-knot has the braid index four.
description: 25 pages, 22 figures. The main theorem is proved by using the motion picture method
Crossover from adiabatic to sudden interaction quenches in the Hubbard model: Prethermalization and nonequilibrium dynamics
Creators: name: Moeckel, Michael
name: Kehrein, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent experimental implementation of condensed matter models in optical lattices has motivated research on their nonequilibrium behavior. Predictions on the dynamics of superconductors following a sudden quench of the pairing interaction have been made based on the effective BCS Hamiltonian; however, their experimental verification requires the preparation of a suitable excited state of the Hubbard model along a twofold constraint: (i) a sufficiently nonadiabatic ramping scheme is essential to excite the nonequilibrium dynamics, and (ii) overheating beyond the critical temperature of superconductivity must be avoided. For commonly discussed interaction ramps there is no clear separation of the corresponding energy scales. Here we show that the matching of both conditions is simplified by the intrinsic relaxation behavior of ultracold fermionic systems: For the particular example of a linear ramp we examine the transient regime of prethermalization [M. Moeckel and S. Kehrein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 175702 (2008)] under the crossover from sudden to adiabatic switching using Keldysh perturbation theory. A real-time analysis of the momentum distribution exhibits a temporal separation of an early energy relaxation and its later thermalization by scattering events. For long but finite ramping times this separation can be large. In the prethermalization regime the momentum distribution resembles a zero temperature Fermi liquid as the energy inserted by the ramp remains located in high energy modes. Thus ultracold fermions prove robust to heating which simplifies the observation of nonequilibrium BCS dynamics in optical lattices.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures Second version with small modifications in section 7
Mass data exploration in oncology: An information synthesis approach
Creators: name: Bourbeillon, Julie
name: Garbay, Catherine
name: Giroud, Françoise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: New technologies and equipment allow for mass treatment of samples and research teams share acquired data on an always larger scale. In this context scientists are facing a major data exploitation problem. More precisely, using these data sets through data mining tools or introducing them in a classical experimental approach require a preliminary understanding of the information space, in order to direct the process. But acquiring this grasp on the data is a complex activity, which is seldom supported by current software tools. The goal of this paper is to introduce a solution to this scientific data grasp problem. Illustrated in the Tissue MicroArrays application domain, the proposal is based on the synthesis notion, which is inspired by Information Retrieval paradigms. The envisioned synthesis model gives a central role to the study the researcher wants to conduct, through the task notion. It allows for the implementation of a task-oriented Information Retrieval prototype system. Cases studies and user studies were used to validate this prototype system. It opens interesting prospects for the extension of the model or extensions towards other application domains.
Additional file 2 of Plastome variations reveal the distinct evolutionary scenarios of plastomes in the subfamily Cereoideae (Cactaceae)
Creators: name: Yu, Jie
name: Li, Jingling
name: Zuo, Youwei
name: Qin, Qiulin
name: Zeng, Siyuan
name: Rennenberg, Heinz
name: Deng, Hongping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 2
On Inflation with Non-minimal Coupling
Creators: name: Hertzberg, Mark P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple realization of inflation consists of adding the following operators to the Einstein-Hilbert action: (partial phi)^2, lambda phi^4, and xi phi^2 R, with xi a large non-minimal coupling. Recently there has been much discussion as to whether such theories make sense quantum mechanically and if the inflaton phi can also be the Standard Model Higgs. In this note we answer these questions. Firstly, for a single scalar phi, we show that the quantum field theory is well behaved in the pure gravity and kinetic sectors, since the quantum generated corrections are small. However, the theory likely breaks down at ~ m_pl / xi due to scattering provided by the self-interacting potential lambda phi^4. Secondly, we show that the theory changes for multiple scalars phi with non-minimal coupling xi phi dot phi R, since this introduces qualitatively new interactions which manifestly generate large quantum corrections even in the gravity and kinetic sectors, spoiling the theory for energies > m_pl / xi. Since the Higgs doublet of the Standard Model includes the Higgs boson and 3 Goldstone bosons, it falls into the latter category and therefore its validity is manifestly spoiled. We show that these conclusions hold in both the Jordan and Einstein frames and describe an intuitive analogy in the form of the pion Lagrangian. We also examine the recent claim that curvature-squared inflation models fail quantum mechanically. Our work appears to go beyond the recent discussions.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. Version 2: Clarified findings and improved wording. Elaborated important sections and removed an unnecessary section. Added references. Version 3: Updated towards JHEP version. Version 4: Final JHEP version
Calibrating an updated SPH scheme within GCD+
Creators: name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Okamoto, Takashi
name: Gibson, Brad K.
name: Barnes, David J.
name: Cen, Renyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adapt a modern scheme of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to our tree N-body/SPH galactic chemodynamics code GCD+. The applied scheme includes imple- mentations of the artificial viscosity switch and artificial thermal conductivity pro- posed by Morris & Monaghan (1997), Rosswog & Price (2007) and Price (2008), to model discontinuities and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities more accurately. We first present hydrodynamics test simulations and contrast the results to runs undertaken without artificial viscosity switch or thermal conduction. In addition, we also explore the different levels of smoothing by adopting larger or smaller smoothing lengths, i.e. a larger or smaller number of neighbour particles, Nnb. We demonstrate that the new version of GCD+ is capable of modelling Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities to a simi- lar level as the mesh code, Athena. From the Gresho vortex, point-like explosion and self-similar collapse tests, we conclude that setting the smoothing length to keep the number of neighbour particles as high as Nnb~58 is preferable to adopting smaller smoothing lengths. We present our optimised parameter sets from the hydrodynamics tests.
description: 14 pages, 2 tables, 15 figures, MNRAS in press
A near-IR variability study of the Galactic black hole: a red noise source with no detected periodicity
Creators: name: Do, Tuan
name: Ghez, Andrea M.
name: Morris, Mark R.
name: Yelda, Sylvana
name: Meyer, Leo
name: Lu, Jessica R.
name: Hornstein, Seth D.
name: Matthews, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of near-infrared (2 and 3 microns) monitoring of Sgr A*-IR with 1 min time sampling using the natural and laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) system at the Keck II telescope. Sgr A*-IR was observed continuously for up to three hours on each of seven nights, between 2005 July and 2007 August. Sgr A*-IR is detected at all times and is continuously variable, with a median observed 2 micron flux density of 0.192 mJy, corresponding to 16.3 magnitude at K'. These observations allow us to investigate Nyquist sampled periods ranging from about 2 minutes to an hour. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the variability of Sgr A* in this data set is consistent with models based on correlated noise with power spectra having frequency dependent power law slopes between 2.0 to 3.0, consistent with those reported for AGN light curves. Of particular interest are periods of ~20 min, corresponding to a quasi-periodic signal claimed based upon previous near-infrared observations and interpreted as the orbit of a 'hot spot' at or near the last stable orbit of a spinning black hole. We find no significant periodicity at any time scale probed in these new observations for periodic signals. This study is sensitive to periodic signals with amplitudes greater than 20% of the maximum amplitude of the underlying red noise component for light curves with duration greater than ~2 hours at a 98% confidence limit.
description: 37 pages, 2 tables, 17 figures, accepted by ApJ
A Versatile Ultra-Stable Platform for Optical Multidimensional Fourier-Transform Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Bristow, A. D.
name: Karaiskaj, D.
name: Dai, X.
name: Zhang, T.
name: Carlsson, C.
name: Hagen, K. R.
name: Jimenez, R.
name: Cundiff, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The JILA Multidimensional Optical Nonlinear SpecTRometer (JILA-MONSTR) is a robust, ultra-stable platform consisting nested and folded Michelson interferometers that can be actively phase stabilized. This platform generates a square of identical laser pulses that can be adjusted to have arbitrary time delay between them, while maintaining phase stability. The JILA-MONSTR provides output pulses for nonlinear excitation of materials and phase-stabilized reference pulses for heterodyne detection of the induced signal. This arrangement is ideal for performing coherent optical experiments, such as multidimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy, which records the phase of the nonlinear signal as a function of the time delay between several of the excitation pulses. The resulting multidimensional spectrum is obtained from a Fourier transform. This spectrum can resolve, separate and isolate coherent contributions to the light-matter interactions associated with electronic excitation at optical frequencies. To show the versatility of the JILA-MONSTR, several demonstrations of two-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy are presented, including an example of a phase-cycling scheme that reduces noise.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, journal publication
Neutral particle release from Europa's surface
Creators: name: Plainaki, C.
name: Milillo, A.
name: Mura, A.
name: Orsini, S.
name: Cassidy, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we look at space weathering processes on the icy surface of Jupiter's moon Europa. The heavy energetic ions of the Jovian plasma (H+, O+, S+, C+) can erode the surface of Europa via ion sputtering (IS), ejecting up to 1000 H2O molecules per ion. UV Photons impinging the Europa's surface can also result in neutral atom release via photon-stimulated desorption (PSD) and chemical change (photolysis). In this work, we study the efficiency of the IS and PSD processes for ejecting water molecules, simulating the resulting neutral H2O density. We also estimate the contribution to the total neutral atom release by the Ion Backscattering (IBS) process. Moreover, we estimate the possibility of detecting the sputtered high energy atoms, in order to distinguish the action of the IS process from other surface release mechanisms. Our main results are: 1) The most significant sputtered-particle flux and the largest contribution to the neutral H2O-density come from the incident S+ ions; 2) The H2O density produced via PSD is lower than that due to sputtering by ~1.5 orders of magnitude; 3) In the energy range below 1 keV, the IBS can be considered negligible for the production of neutrals, whereas in the higher energy range it becomes the dominant neutral emission mechanism; 4) the total sputtering rate for Europa is 2.0\cdot 1027 H2O s-1; 5) the fraction of escaping H2O via IS is 22% of the total sputtered population, while the escape fraction for H2O produced by PSD is 30% of the total PSD population. Since the PSD exosphere is lower than the IS one, the major agent for Europa's surface erosion is IS on both the non-illuminated and illuminated side. Lastly, the exospheric neutral density, estimated from the Galileo electron density measurements appears to be higher than that calculated for H2O alone; this favours the scenario of the presence of O2 produced by radiolysis and photolysis.
Pion transition form factor in k_T factorization
Creators: name: Li, Hsiang-nan
name: Mishima, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been pointed out that the recent BaBar data on the pi gamma^* -> gamma transition form factor F_{pi gamma}(Q^2) at low (high) momentum transfer squared Q^2 indicate an asymptotic (flat) pion distribution amplitude. These seemingly contradictory observations can be reconciled in the k_T factorization theorem: the increase of the measured Q^2F_{pi gamma}(Q^2) for Q^2 > 10 GeV^2 is explained by convoluting a k_T dependent hard kernel with a flat pion distribution amplitude, k_T being a parton transverse momentum. The low Q^2 data are accommodated by including the resummation of alpha_s ln^2x, x being a parton momentum fraction, which provides a stronger suppression at the endpoints of x. The next-to-leading-order correction to the pion transition form factor is found to be less than 20% in the considered range of Q^2.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX4
PIDs for software - shedding some light on a dark puzzle
Creators: name: Katz, Daniel S.
name: Gruenpeter, Morane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Software PIDs
DOI
SWHID
Wikidata entity
research software
software identification

description: The overwhelming majority of software source code is developed and used outside the academic world, in industry and in developer communities. As a consequence, software in general is either not formally identified or referenced at all, or is identified and referenced through methods that are totally different from the ones typically used in scholarly publications.

 In this session we will provide an overview of the current practices of software identification, including use cases and identifier schemes from different academic domains and in industry to show the complexe puzzle of identifying software.

 During the session we will propose ideas for better identification of research software and ask for the help of the audience to estimate their impact and move forward in community adoption. This presentation was presented at PIDapalooza2021 on Block 4 - Track 1.
Escape fraction of ionizing photons from high-redshift galaxies in cosmological SPH simulations
Creators: name: Yajima, Hidenobu
name: Choi, Jun-Hwan
name: Nagamine, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combing the three-dimensional radiative transfer (RT) calculation and cosmological SPH simulations, we study the escape fraction of ionizing photons (f_esc) of high-redshift galaxies at z=3-6. Our simulations cover the halo mass range of M_h = 10^9 - 10^12 M_sun. We postprocess several hundred simulated galaxies with the Authentic Radiative Transfer (ART) code to study the halo mass dependence of f_esc. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to the transfer of stellar radiation from local stellar population in each dark matter halo. We find that the average f_esc steeply decreases as the halo mass increases, with a large scatter for the lower mass haloes. The low mass haloes with M_h ~ 10^9 M_sun have large values of f_esc (with an average of ~ 0.4), whereas the massive haloes with M_h ~ 10^11 M_sun show small values of f_esc (with an average of ~ 0.07). This is because in our simulations, the massive haloes show more clumpy structure in gas distribution, and star-forming regions are embedded inside these clumps, making it more difficult for the ionizing photons to escape. On the other hand, in low mass haloes, there are often conical regions of highly ionized gas due to the shifted location of young star clusters from the center of dark matter halo, which allows the ionizing photons to escape more easily than in the high-mass haloes. By counting the number of escaped ionizing photons, we show that the star-forming galaxies can ionize the intergalactic medium at z=3-6. The main contributor to the ionizing photons is the haloes with M_h < 10^10 M_sun owing to their high f_esc. The large dispersion in f_esc suggests that there may be various sizes of H{\sc ii} bubbles around the haloes even with the same mass in the early stages of reionization. We also examine the effect of UV background radiation field on f_esc using simple, four different treatment of UV background.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, A full resolution version is available at http://www.ccs.tsukuba.ac.jp/Astro/Members/yajima/Yajima2010.pdf
Purification and characterization of proteolytic enzymes from bacteroides amylophilus H-18
Creators: name: Lesk, Earl Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study purposes to examine extracellular proteases of the anaerobic rumen bacterium, Bacteroides amylophilus H-18. An enzyme was isolated and purified from 29 litres of 23 hr cell-free culture supernatant using DEAE Sephadex A-50, Sephadex G-200 and isoelectrofocusing techniques. Although proteolytic activity in the supernatant had a peak of activity at pH 6.7, there was activity at pH values from 4.5 to 11.5. Therefore, an attempt was made to purify the pH 6.7 activity and to follow the activity at other pH values as an index of purity. It was found that separation of the activities at different pH values was not achieved, even though the enzyme was purified 1265 times. Gel filtration of this purified material revealed the presence of two proteases, one of 60,000 and the other of 30,000 molecular weight. Since these enzymes were otherwise identical, they could have represented the monomeric and dimeric forms of a single protein. If the protease of 30,000 molecular weight was separated and resubjected to gel filtration, protease activity of molecular weight 60,000 reappeared. Ultracentrifugation of the 30,000 molecular weight protease demonstrated only one component. Therefore, if the two forms were in equilibrium, it appeared that the dimer was the more stable form of the enzyme. The purified protease did not contain cysteine, so that any tertiary structure in the enzyme could not involve disulfide bridges. All attempts to dissociate the dimeric into the monomeric form were unsuccessful. Examination of the inhibition of Nα benzoyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterase and protease activities with Nα tosyl-L-chloromethane revealed a complete inhibition of esterase activity at pH 8.0 but only a 30% inhibition of protease activity at the same pH, suggesting that more than one enzyme was responsible for the proteolytic activity exhibited by the purified enzyme. Because it was not possible to achieve separation of proteolytic activities at different pH values after a 1265 times purification, it must be assumed that if there are actually different proteases present they must have very similar structures.
Communication strategy and plan - Final
Creators: name: Leserri, Annarita
name: Quesada, David
name: Pilic, Tomislav
name: Porcuna, David
name: Karitsioti, Nikoletta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Communication
Dissemination
KPI

description: This deliverable represents INFRAMIX final communication strategy and plan, consolidating and validating the project communication tools and dissemination activities undertaken during the project lifetime. The project dissemination goals were achieved by reaching
 specific communication and dissemination target groups through defined dissemination channels.
An inventory model for single - vendor multi - retailer supply chain under inflationary conditions and trade credit
Creators: name: Esmaeili, Maryam
name: Nasrabadi, Mehri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 91503 Engineering Practice
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: This paper presents an inventory model under inflation for deteriorating items in a single-vendor multi-retailer supply chain. The demand is a function of the retail price. The vendor offers the retailers trade credit. Two scenarios; (i) the changes in the inflation rate as a Discrete-Time Markov Chain and (ii) the changes in the inflation rate without considering Markovian conditions are considered. The relationship between the vendor and the retailers is modeled as a Stackelberg – game (the vendor is the leader and retailers are the followers). The retail price, the number of replenishment cycle, the production rate of vendor and the replenishment frequency of the raw material are obtained by maximizing the present value of the total profit for the vendor and the retailers. The results reveal that in the scenario (i), the present value of the total profits for the vendor and the retailers is greater compared to scenario (ii).
Localization of phonons in ion traps with controlled quantum disorder
Creators: name: Bermudez, A.
name: Martin-Delgado, M. A.
name: Porras, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the vibrations of a chain of trapped ions offer an interesting route to explore the physics of disordered quantum systems. By preparing the internal state of the ions in a quantum superposition, we show how the local vibrational energy becomes a stochastic variable, being its statistical properties inherited from the underlying quantum parallelism of the internal state. We describe a minimally-perturbing measurement of the resonance fluorescence, which allows us to study effects like Anderson localization without the need of ground-state cooling or individual addressing, and thus paves the way towards high-temperature ion experiments.
description: RevTex4 file, color figures, revised version
СВЕТСКИЕ ГОРОДСКИЕ БИБЛИОТЕКИ ТОБОЛЬСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВВ.
Creators: name: Дудкин Антон Иванович
Publisher: name: Вестник Майкопского государственного технологического университета
Year: 2020
Subjects: библиотечное дело
публичные библиотеки
общественные библиотеки
народные библиотеки
библиотеки-читальни
Тобольская губерния

description: Целью данной статьи является изучение вопросов возникновения и функциони-рования светских городских библиотек Тобольской губернии во второй половине XIX – начале XX вв. Методологическую основу работы составили общепризнанные принци-пы исторической науки – научная объективность и историзм. Также в исследовании применялись сравнительно-исторический, сравнительно-типологический и стати-стический методы. На основе использования архивных материалов и научной лите-ратуры показано, что вышеупомянутый период явился достаточно благоприятным отрезком времени для развития библиотечного дела в городских поселениях Тоболь-ской губернии. Именно тогда в исследуемом регионе сформировалась довольно устой-чивая библиотечная сеть, которую составляли библиотеки различного типа: биб-лиотеки при учебных заведениях, музеях, различных общественных организациях, пуб-личные, общественные и народные библиотеки. Также выявлено, что большинство библиотек, наряду с другими культурно-просветительными учреждениями играли значительную роль в учебной, научной и культурно-досуговой жизни городского насе-ления. Уделяется внимание в статье и тем проблемам, с которыми сталкивалось развитие библиотечного дела в регионе: слабая материально-техническая база, от-сутствие необходимых специалистов, ограниченные возможности удовлетворения читательских запросов, недостаток финансового обеспечения.