cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Japanese Asset Price Bubble: A 'Heterogeneous' Approach
Creators: name: Barsky, Robert B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: Employing the neutral Kindleberger definition of a bubble as "an upward price movement over an extended range that then implodes", this paper explores the causes of the "Japanese Bubble" of 1985 to 1990 without precluding the possibility that the bubble was due to perceptions of fundamentals. Survey evidence indicates that at the peak of the bubble in the second half of 1989, the majority of Japanese institutional investors thought that the Nikkei was not overvalued relative to fundamentals. Such a belief was not entirely unfounded. Long-term real interest rates fell sharply between 1985 and 1986, and the view that there was a significant increase in the permanent component of the growth rate was defensible though certainly not undeniable. Invoking the literature on asset prices with heterogeneous beliefs and limitations on short sales, the paper argues that in a period characterized by the arrival of news that is difficult to digest and subject to multiple interpretations, it is the more optimistic assessments of fundamentals that are likely to be reflected in the market equilibrium. At the same time, high prices resulting from the heterogeneity phenomenon are fragile and prone to collapse. From this vantage point it is perhaps not surprising that the Japanese Bubble, as well as the subsequent implosion, appeared when they did. Survey evidence on investor beliefs during the bubble period, as well as the covariation of price and volume, lend some support to the heterogeneity approach.
Staff guidance for delivering workshops supporting the Synthesised Model of Reflection (SMoR)
Creators: name: Wilson PhD FHEA, Iain
Publisher: name: National Teaching Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Higher education
Industrial and organisational psychology (incl. human factors)

description: This is a guide for staff for delivering a set of workshops which were used during the pilot to introduce students to the Synthesised Model of Reflection (SMoR) and guide them through the process. This guide outlines what content is included and offers suggestions on what aspects to highlight. There is also guidance for the activities which are included in the workshops. Links to the workshops are available in the document, but also can be found here: https://doi.org/10.25416/NTR.22345222.v1
 These workshops were piloted with the MSc Occupational Psychology students at NTU Psychology. This pilot was part of a Scholarship sabbatical funded by NTU Psychology.
The Impact of TLS on SIP Server Performance
Creators: name: Shen, Charles
name: Nahum, Erich
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
name: Wright, Charles P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: This report studies the performance impact of using TLS as a transport protocol for SIP servers. We evaluate the cost of TLS experimentally using a testbed with OpenSIPS, OpenSSL, and Linux running on an Intel-based server. We analyze TLS costs using application, library, and kernel profiling, and use the profiles to illustrate when and how different costs are incurred, such as bulk data encryption, public key encryption, private key decryption, and MAC-based verification. We show that using TLS can reduce performance by up to a factor of 20 compared to the typical case of SIP over UDP. The primary factor in determining performance is whether and how TLS connection establishment is performed, due to the heavy costs of RSA operations used for session negotiation. This depends both on how the SIP proxy is deployed (e.g., as an inbound or outbound proxy) and what TLS options are used (e.g., mutual authentication, session reuse). The cost of symmetric key operations such as AES or 3DES, in contrast, tends to be small. Network operators deploying SIP over TLS should attempt to maximize the persistence of secure connections, and will need to assess the server resources required. To aid them, we provide a measurement-driven cost model for use in provisioning SIP servers using TLS. Our cost model predicts performance within 15 percent on average.
Direct relation of linearized supergravity to superconformal formulation
Creators: name: Sakamura, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We modify the four-dimensional N=1 linearized supergravity in a way that components in each superfield are completely identified with fields in the full superconformal formulation. This identification makes it possible to use both formulations of supergravity in a complementary manner. It also provides a basis for an extension to higher-dimensional supergravities.
description: 23 pages, published version
Managing climate risk in water supply systems : materials and tools designed to empower technical professionals to better understand key issues
Creators: name: Brown, Casey
name: Baroang, Kye M.
name: Conrad, Esther
name: Lyon, Bradfield
name: Watkins, David
name: Fiondella, Francesco
name: Kaheil, Yasir
name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Rodriguez, S. Jason
name: Sheremata, Megan
name: Ward, M. Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental sciences

description: This manual has been developed as a learning tool to be used with a companion series of practical exercises. They have been developed to provide a hands-on approach to learning key concepts in hydrology and climate science as they relate to climate risk management in water supply systems, as introduced in the text.
Expressions of the Green function in terms of reflection coefficients
Creators: name: Miyazawa, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation and derive exact expressions for the Green function in terms of reflection coefficients which are defined for semi-infinite intervals. We also discuss the relation between our results and the WKB approximation.
Labor Immobility in Japan: Its causes and consequences
Creators: name: Ariga, Kenn
name: Okazawa, Ryosuke
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper builds and calibrate a model of competitive search that can reproduce a set of stylized facts concerning major impacts of the decade long stagnation and subsequent changes in the labor market in Japan. We highlight the role played by varying degrees of relation specific investments in forming employment relations. Depending upon the degree of specificity, a job slot can be immediately destructed, or, only the filled jobs survive, or, jobs survive as far as workers with specific training remain in the market. We obtain a rich variety of aggregate labor market responses to a negative productivity shock. By embedding such a system of employment in an economy plagued with limited capital mobility, we can generate upward drift in Beveridge curve, prolonged periods of labor adjustments, decline in the share of jobs with costly investment in training, and strong cohort effects. We also offer some preliminary results from numerical solutions of the model.
Shining light on electrons in low dimensions
Creators: name: Pellegrini, Vittorio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Nanoscience

description: My research focuses on the behavior of electrons (negatively charged particles repelling each other through the Coulomb force) confined in semiconductor crystals. Under special conditions the mutual Coulomb forces among the electrons can create novel emergent states of matter with remarkable properties. In this paper I will emphasize the conceptual framework of this field of research highlighting general phenomena and outstanding issues. The understanding of these novel, highly-correlated electronic states represents an important aspect of nanoscience and it is the basis for the invention of original and innovative practical devices. My research activity aims to achieve this goal.
Entanglement Entropy for Singular Surfaces
Creators: name: Myers, Robert C.
name: Singh, Ajay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study entanglement entropy for regions with a singular boundary in higher dimensions using the AdS/CFT correspondence and find that various singularities make new universal contributions. When the boundary CFT has an even spacetime dimension, we find that the entanglement entropy of a conical surface contains a term quadratic in the logarithm of the UV cut-off. In four dimensions, the coefficient of this contribution is proportional to the central charge 'c'. A conical singularity in an odd number of spacetime dimensions contributes a term proportional to the logarithm of the UV cut-off. We also study the entanglement entropy for various boundary surfaces with extended singularities. In these cases, similar universal terms may appear depending on the dimension and curvature of the singular locus.
description: 66 pages,4 figures. Some typos are removed and a reference is added
Branched projective structures with quasi-Fuchsian holonomy
Creators: name: Calsamiglia, Gabriel
name: Deroin, Bertrand
name: Francaviglia, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50, 30F35, 53A30, 14H15

description: We prove that if S is a closed compact surface of negative Euler characteristic, and if R is a quasi-Fuchsian representation in PSL(2,C), then the deformation space M(k,R) of branched projective structures on S with total branching order k and holonomy R is connected, as soon as k>0. Equivalently, two branched projective structures with the same quasi-Fuchsian holonomy and the same number of branch points are related by a movement of branch points. In particular grafting annuli are obtained by moving branch points. In the appendix we give an explicit atlas for the space M(k,R). It is shown to be a smooth complex manifold modeled on Hurwitz spaces.
description: 55 pages, 10 figures
The Role of Policy and Banking Supervision in the Light of the Credit Crisis
Creators: name: Persaud, Avinash D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: The zeitgeist of finance over the last decade was "marketization": the switch from bank finance to market finance as loans were originated and securitized by banks, rated by agencies and then relocated to investors. A cynic may say that a better description of what went on was regulatory arbitrage. Risks were transferred, on paper at least, from the regulated sector to the unregulated sector. But it is important to recall that bank supervisors in Europe and elsewhere welcomed the marketization of financial risk. They saw it as a way of spreading risks. They saw risks being removed and distributed away from a small number of large and systemically important banks to a large number of investors. The marketization of finance was as much a conspiracy of the Gnomes of Basle as it was of the Gnomes of Zurich. It is part and parcel of the approach to banking embedded in the new Basle accord on credit risk (Basle II).
Thwarting Attacks in Malcode-Bearing Documents by Altering Data Sector Values
Creators: name: Li, Wei-Jen
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: Embedding malcode within documents provides a convenient means of attacking systems. Such attacks can be very targeted and difficult to detect to stop due to the multitude of document-exchange vectors and the vulnerabilities in modern document processing applications. Detecting malcode embedded in a document is difficult owing to the complexity of modern document formats that provide ample opportunity to embed code in a myriad of ways. We focus on Microsoft Word documents as malcode carriers as a case study in this paper. To detect stealthy embedded malcode in documents, we develop an arbitrary data transformation technique that changes the value of data segments in documents in such a way as to purposely damage any hidden malcode that may be embedded in those sections. Consequently, the embedded malcode will not only fail but also introduce a system exception that would be easily detected. The method is intended to be applied in a safe sandbox, the transformation is reversible after testing a document, and does not require any learning phase. The method depends upon knowledge of the structure of the document binary format to parse a document and identify the specific sectors to which the method can be safely applied for malcode detection. The method can be implemented in MS Word as a security feature to enhance the safety of Word documents.
The Japanese distribution sector in economic perspective: The Large Store Law and retail density
Creators: name: Flath, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper compiles facts on the distribution sector of Japan and puts them in historical and international context, expresses in a coherent way the conventional view that the peculiar features of Japan's distribution sector are due to distorting government regulations, and provides new evidence that bears on the truthfulness of that proposition. We find that regulation has indeed mattered, but that fundamentals like Japan's geographic centricity, lack of private cars and smallness of dwellings have had a larger effect. A myriad of small stores is the crucial characteristic of the Japanese distribution sector, from which other peculiarities such as the complex wholesale marketing channels with multiple steps and ubiquity of vertical restraints also follow. And regulations inhibiting stores with large floor space, in particular the Large Store Law, have been identified by many as the fundamental reason for Japan's proliferation of small stores. That law was relaxed in 1994 and in 2000 was completely replaced by a new law that shifts responsibility for regulating large stores from the national government to the prefectures. The new law may well lead to a perpetuation of regulatory barriers. But the regulatory limits on large stores have probably mattered a lot less than many suppose. Japan's proliferation of small stores is fundamentally due, not to regulation, but to its relative lack of private cars and to its small dwellings. Regulatory limits on large stores are themselves the result of the ubiquity of small stores, not the other way around. The Large Store Law could survive politically precisely because its distorting effects were small (There were bound to be a lot of small stores in Japan even without government protection). This is now changing.
การดำเนินคดีแบบกลุ่มในคดีแรงงาน
Creators: name: วุฒิเดช พนิตชัยศักดิ์
Publisher: name: สำนักวิชานิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง
Year: 2562
Subjects: การดำเนินคดีแบบกลุ่ม
คดีแรงงาน

description: วารสารนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง, 2, 2, 17-36
Unequal Development in the 1990s: Growing Gaps in Human Capabilities
Creators: name: Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko
name: Stewart, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: Questions about global income inequality inspire some of the most contentious debates among not only academics but politicians and the public at large. People look to data on income inequality as they might a stock market index to gauge how the world is doing. Are things on the right track? Is enough being done? In this age of globalization, the question is inevitably about whether 'Globalisation' – meaning liberalisation of economies and the integration of global trade and capital flows – brings prosperity or not. The controversies raging today over the many studies coming to different conclusions depend on how the questions are asked, and which data series are used. Such debates indicate little more than how economists and statisticians can find many answers to the seemingly same questions. More fundamentally, these debates mask attention on the growing disparities in human lives.
Foenatopus obockensis, nov.subsp.
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Stephanidae
Foenatopus
Foenatopus obockensis

description: Foenatopus obockensis (BENOIT, 1950)
Neostephanus insignis obockensis nov.subsp.: BENOIT 1950: 265 (descr. ♀, Obock). Foenatopus obockensis (BENOIT, 1950): AGUIAR 2004: 32 (tax., Obock, world cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Foenatopus obockensis is only known from Djibouti.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 908, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
The crisis of iron in transfusion medicine : improved iron chelation therapy and its implications for clinical practice in the Maldives
Creators: name: Mustafa, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The Maldives has one of the highest incidences of ß thalassemia in the world. Treatment of ß thalassemia is characterized by two distinct phases: treatment of nature’s disease (anemia) and the secondary treatment of transfusional iron overload, a side effect of our cure. Interestingly, excess iron may also exert a negative effect on immune competence thus explaining the recurrent bacterial infections in these patients. Current iron chelation therapy using Desferal® (DFO) is challenging due to its short vascular half-life, frequency of injections, toxicity and expense. To address this problem, we have tested novel, low toxicity, high molecular weight (HMW) iron chelators. The utility of these chelators was tested in vitro using iron loaded (0-500 μM ferric (Fe³⁺) ammonium citrate, FAC; 0- 48 hours) HepG2 and dendritic cells (DC). Iron chelation studies utilized either single or combinational treatment with deferiprone (L1) or DFO (both low molecular weight chelators) and S-DFO (a HMW derivative of DFO) for 0-48 hrs. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by cellular ferritin, Perl's iron stain, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), antigen presentation assays and cell viability assays. Iron treatment alone resulted in a significant increase in intracellular ferritin, histochemical iron staining and also resulted in a ~65.2% reduction in PBMC proliferation in response to the tetanus toxoid following 14 days of incubation. Treatment with either L1 or S-DFO alone demonstrated modestly decreased ferritin levels and iron staining. Importantly, combination therapy (L1+S-DFO) resulted in an additive effect resulting in a 79% decrease in FAC-driven ferritin levels after 48 hours and TEM studies of FAC treated, but not control, cells. FAC treated cells also demonstrated organellular and structural changes with electron dense iron deposits. As hypothesized, iron chelators (e.g., 200 μM DFO or L1) restored the PBMC proliferation in a concentration dependent manner and reversed the ultra structural changes in organelles. The development of HMW chelators may provide better therapeutic value (reduced toxicity and less frequent administration) in developing nations. Consequent to this, iron mediated pathology in patients would be diminished, resulting in less cost to already strained public health budgets such as in the Maldives.
Short-range order of Br and three-dimensional magnetism in (CuBr)LaNb2O7
Creators: name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Abakumov, Artem M.
name: Ritter, Clemens
name: Henry, Paul F.
name: Janson, Oleg
name: Rosner, Helge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the crystal structure, magnetic structure, and microscopic magnetic model of (CuBr)LaNb2O7, the Br analog of the spin-gap quantum magnet (CuCl)LaNb2O7. Despite similar crystal structures and spin lattices, the magnetic behavior and even peculiarities of the atomic arrangement in the Cl and Br compounds are very different. The high-resolution x-ray and neutron data reveal a split position of Br atoms in (CuBr)LaNb2O7. This splitting originates from two possible configurations developed by [CuBr] zigzag ribbons. While the Br atoms are locally ordered in the 'ab' plane, their arrangement along the 'c' direction remains partially disordered. The predominant and energetically more favorable configuration features an additional doubling of the 'c' lattice parameter that was not observed in (CuCl)LaNb2O7. (CuBr)LaNb2O7 undergoes long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at TN=32 K, which is nearly 70% of the leading exchange coupling J4~48 K. The Br compound does not show any experimental signatures of low-dimensional magnetism, because the underlying spin lattice is three-dimensional. The coupling along the 'c' direction is comparable to the couplings in the 'ab' plane, even though the shortest Cu--Cu distance along 'c' (11.69 A) is three times larger than nearest-neighbor distances in the 'ab' plane (3.55 A). The stripe antiferromagnetic long-range order featuring columns of parallel spins in the 'ab' plane and antiparallel spins along 'c' is verified experimentally and confirmed by the microscopic analysis.
description: Published version with the more positive title: 18 pages, 17 figures, 6 tables + Supplementary information
ปัญหาการบังคับใช้พระราชบัญญัติการแข่งขันทางการค้า พ.ศ. 2560 ต่อพฤติกรรมการขายสินค้าแบบรวมขาย
Creators: name: ณัฐนพัชร์ วิสุทธิแพทย์
Publisher: name: สำนักวิชานิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง
Year: 2562
Subjects: การขายสินค้าแบบรวมขาย
หลักเกณฑ์การพิจารณาการรวมขาย
การแข่งขันทางการค้า

description: วารสารนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง, 2, 2, 37-57
ความสอดคล้องของแผนปฏิบัติการบังคับใช้กฎหมายป่าไม้ ธรรมาภิบาล และการค้าของสหภาพยุโรป ภายใต้กรอบความตกลงขององค์การการค้าโลก
Creators: name: หทัยชนก พุทธะศักดิ์เมธี
Publisher: name: สำนักวิชานิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง
Year: 2562
Subjects: แผนปฏิบัติการบังคับใช้กฎหมายป่าไม้ ธรรมาภิบาล และการค้าของสหภาพยุโรป
มาตรการทางการค้าที่มิใช่ภาษี
ไม้ที่ผิดกฎหมาย
กฎระเบียบเรื่องการป้องกันการค้าไม้ที่ผิดกฎหมายและส่งออกผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ทำจากไม้ไปยังตลาดสหภาพยุโรป

description: วารสารนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง, 2, 2, 59-81
The "hidden" side of the "flying-geese" catch-up model: Japan's dirigiste institutional setup and a deepening financial morass
Creators: name: Ozawa, Terutomo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Akamatsu's original "flying geese (FG)" growth model is often used as a frame of reference for both further conceptual elaborations and empirical explorations. So far have only the positive side and results of FG development been focused on and emphasized in connection with Asia's phenomenal growth in the pre-crisis period. The Japanese economy, supposedly Asia's lead goose, is in the eleventh consecutive year of stagnation. How has such a once successful lead goose come to be stricken by financial woes? This paper points out that Japan's once miraculous FG growth was made possible because it established an effective dirigiste catch-up regime in the early postwar period but that Japan's present financial predicament is paradoxically a path-dependent outcome of such an FG strategy. The institutional, especially financial, dimension of FG strategy needs to be taken into account to explain why such a strategy once proved effective but later culminated in a deepening financial morass. The FG model should encompass not only the industrial dimension of catch-up but also its institutional, particularly financial, dimension.
Supplementary Material - Developing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs) comprising an artemether-lumefantrine fixed-dose combination to treat malaria
Creators: name: Viljoen, Joe M.
name: Cilliers, Lauren
name: Lissinda H. Du Plessis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artemether (ART); Lumefantrine (LUM); Malaria; Lipophilic drugs; Lipid-based dosage forms; Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs); Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs); Pseudoternary phase diagrams

description: Supplementary material for the paper entitled: Developing self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDSs) comprising an artemether-lumefantrine fixed-dose combination to treat malaria.
รัฐบัญญัติป้องกันการทุจริต บทที่ 241 ของประเทศสิงคโปร์: ข้อสังเกตว่าด้วยองค์ประกอบการทุจริต
Creators: name: สมชาย ธรรมสุทธิวัฒน์
Publisher: name: สำนักวิชานิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง
Year: 2562
Subjects: องค์ประกอบการทุจริต
รัฐบัญญัติป้องการทุจริต บทที่ 241

description: วารสารนิติศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยแม่ฟ้าหลวง, 2, 2, 83-99
An entropic uncertainty principle for positive operator valued measures
Creators: name: Rumin, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extending a recent result by Frank and Lieb, we show an entropic uncertainty principle for mixed states in a Hilbert space relatively to pairs of positive operator valued measures that are independent in some sense. This yields spatial-spectral uncertainty principles and log-Sobolev inequalities for invariant operators on homogeneous spaces, which are sharp in the compact case.
description: 14 pages. v2: a technical assumption removed in main result
Kshort and Lambda production in pp interactions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 7 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of Kshort and Lambda hadrons is studied in inelastic pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a minimum-bias trigger. The observed distributions of transverse momentum, rapidity, and multiplicity are corrected to hadron level in a model-independent way within well defined phase-space regions. The distribution of the production ratio of Lambdabar to Lambda baryons is also measured. The results are compared with various Monte Carlo simulation models. Although most of these models agree with data to within 15% in the Kshort distributions, substantial disagreements with data are found in the Lambda distributions of transverse momentum.
description: 16 pages plus author list (29 pages total), 24 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physical Review D
Die Schaltung der Trimmspulen für das SIN 590 MeV Ringzyklotron
Creators: name: Adam, Stefan
name: Joho, Werner
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1974
Subjects: Cyclotron

description: The PSI (previously SIN) internal report (TM-11-13) describes (in German) the circuit of the trim coils for the 590 MeV Ring Cyclotron. Measurements of the trim coils are presented: magnetic field and their effect on the beam phase.
Black Hole Remnants at the LHC
Creators: name: Bellagamba, L.
name: Casadio, R.
name: Di Sipio, R.
name: Viventi, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate possible signatures of black hole events at the LHC in the hypothesis that such objects will not evaporate completely, but leave a stable remnant. For the purpose of defining a reference scenario, we have employed the publicly available Monte Carlo generator CHARYBDIS2, in which the remnant's behavior is mostly determined by kinematic constraints and conservation of some quantum numbers, such as the baryon charge. Our findings show that electrically neutral remnants are highly favored and a significantly larger amount of missing transverse momentum is to be expected with respect to the case of complete decay.
description: LaTeX, 13 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures, references added and typos corrected. To appear in EPJC
Nigrosporanenes C and D, two new cyclohexene derivatives from the enphytic fungus Nigrospora oryzae S4
Creators: name: Yan, Wei
name: Wei, Wei
name: Zhang, Yang-Yang
name: Wang, Jia-Jie
name: Ping, Xiao-Fei
name: Xu, Jia-Yun
name: Ye, Yong-Hao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Two new cyclohexene derivatives, nigrosporanenes C and D (1 and 2), together with three known compounds (3-5), were isolated from the culture of an endophyte Nigrospora oryzae S4. Their structures were characterized by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. All compounds were tested for anti-phytopathogenic activity, however, none of them showed activity at a concentration of 20 μM.
Nationwide financial services: Gaining and sustaining long-term advantage through information technology
Creators: name: Rapp, William V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: How have U.S. and Japanese firms organized and managed the process of becoming recognized leaders in using information technology (IT) to achieve longterm sustainable advantage? The cases support an initial research hypothesis: leading U.S. and Japanese software users are very sophisticated in the ways they have integrated software into their business strategies. They use IT to institutionalize organizational strengths and to continually capture the knowledge generated by their business operations. As an introduction to the specifics of the case presented in this paper for Nationwide Financial Services, an outline of the focus of the project and the general methodology used is presented here.
Downsizing and the deinstitutionalization of permanent employment in Japan
Creators: name: Ahmadjian, Christina L.
name: Robinson, Patricia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This study examines the process by which the Japanese permanent employment system was increasingly deinstitutionalized and replaced by downsizing among publicly listed companies in Japan between 1990 and 1997. We found that although economic pressure triggered downsizing, social and institutional pressures shaped the pace and process by which downsizing spread. The greater a firm's legitimacy and visibility, and the more it depended on organizations and institutions that supported the institution of permanent employment, the more hesitant it was to abandon that practice, even when it had much to lose financially. Specifically, large, old, and high-reputation firms were resistant to downsizing at first, as were firms with high levels of human capital, as reflected by high wages. In contrast, firms with high levels of foreign ownership were more likely to downsize. We found that these social and institutional pressures, however, diminished as downsizing spread across the population. We argue that this is due to a "safety in numbers" effect. As downsizing became more prominent, the actions of any single firm were less likely to be noticed and criticized.
Application of the Gaussian mixture model in pulsar astronomy -- pulsar classification and candidates ranking for {\it Fermi} 2FGL catalog
Creators: name: Lee, K. J.
name: Guillemot, L.
name: Yue, Y. L.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Champion, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Machine learning, algorithms to extract empirical knowledge from data, can be used to classify data, which is one of the most common tasks in observational astronomy. In this paper, we focus on Bayesian data classification algorithms using the Gaussian mixture model and show two applications in pulsar astronomy. After reviewing the Gaussian mixture model and the related Expectation-Maximization algorithm, we present a data classification method using the Neyman-Pearson test. To demonstrate the method, we apply the algorithm to two classification problems. Firstly, it is applied to the well known period-period derivative diagram, where we find that the pulsar distribution can be modeled with six Gaussian clusters, with two clusters for millisecond pulsars (recycled pulsars) and the rest for normal pulsars. From this distribution, we derive an empirical definition for millisecond pulsars as $\frac{\dot{P}}{10^{-17}} \leq3.23(\frac{P}{100 \textrm{ms}})^{-2.34}$. The two millisecond pulsar clusters may have different evolutionary origins, since the companion stars to these pulsars in the two clusters show different chemical composition. Four clusters are found for normal pulsars. Possible implications for these clusters are also discussed. Our second example is to calculate the likelihood of unidentified \textit{Fermi} point sources being pulsars and rank them accordingly. In the ranked point source list, the top 5% sources contain 50% known pulsars, the top 50% contain 99% known pulsars, and no known active galaxy (the other major population) appears in the top 6%. Such a ranked list can be used to help the future follow-up observations for finding pulsars in unidentified \textit{Fermi} point sources.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Pulsar state switching, timing noise and free precession
Creators: name: Jones, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent radio pulsar observations have shown that a number of pulsars display interesting long term periodicities in their spin-down rates. At least some of these pulsars also undergo sharp changes in pulse profile. This has been convincingly attributed to the stars abruptly switching between two different magnetospheric states. The sharpness of these transitions has been taken as evidence against free precession as the mechanism behind the long term variations. We argue that such a conclusion is premature. By performing a simple best-fit analysis to the data, we show that the relationship between the observed spin and modulation periods is of approximately the correct form to be accounted for by the free precession of a population of neutron stars with strained crusts, the level of strain being similar in all of the stars, and consistent with the star retaining a memory of a former faster rotation rate. We also provide an argument as to why abrupt magnetospheric changes can occur in precessing stars, and how such changes would serve to magnify the effect of precession in the timing data, making the observation of the precession more likely in those stars where such switching occurs. We describe how future observations could further test the precession hypothesis advanced here.
description: Additional reference inserted; to appear in MNRAS
Dirac equation for massive neutrinos in a Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime from a 5D vacuum
Creators: name: Sánchez, Pablo Alejandro
name: Anabitarte, Mariano
name: Bellini, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a Dirac equation for massless neutrino in a 5D Ricci-flat background metric, we obtain the effective 4D equation for massive neutrino in a Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) background metric from an extended SdS 5D Ricci-flat metric. We use the fact that the spin connection is defined to an accuracy of a vector, so that the covariant derivative of the spinor field is strongly dependent of the background geometry. We show that the mass of the neutrino can be induced from the extra space-like dimension.
description: accepted in Physics Letters B
Reforming the Global Reserve System
Creators: name: Ocampo, Jose A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: The magnitude of the ongoing world financial meltdown and its real economic effects has lessened the focus on another set of major international financial issues that had been the center of significant attention in recent years: large global imbalances and their links to the global reserve system. Rising public sector debts and the massive monetary expansion in the United States, coupled with the highly uneven macroeconomic policy stimulus taking place throughout the world are two major reasons why renewed attention has to be paid to these issues.
Synchronization of flexible sheets
Creators: name: Elfring, Gwynn J.
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When swimming in close proximity, some microorganisms such as spermatozoa synchronize their flagella. Previous work on swimming sheets showed that such synchronization requires a geometrical asymmetry in the flagellar waveforms. Here we inquire about a physical mechanism responsible for such symmetry-breaking in nature. Using a two-dimensional model, we demonstrate that flexible sheets with symmetric internal forcing, deform when interacting with each other via a thin fluid layer in such a way as to systematically break the overall waveform symmetry, thereby always evolving to an in-phase conformation where energy dissipation is minimized. This dynamics is shown to be mathematically equivalent to that obtained for prescribed waveforms in viscoelastic fluids, emphasizing the crucial role of elasticity in symmetry-breaking and synchronization.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The market and the state in economic development: Some questions from East Asia and Australia
Creators: name: Garnaut, Ross
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: From the birth of modern economics with Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations two centuries ago, debate has continued in the West about the appropriate roles of markets and state intervention in co-ordinating economic activity. We have learned a great deal in principle from the concepts of public goods and external economies, and from the theory of public finance which relies so heavily on them. We have also learned that much depends upon the institutions and the ideas that shape the effectiveness both of markets and the state. The economist and the historian have been provided with a rich new set of data on the big theorems by the success of the economies of East Asia in recent decades. Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore have expanded economic output faster for longer than any other in world history. In this paper, I focus on a different type of implication - the implication of this new and powerful case of economic development for our understanding of economic processes. To the economist whose discipline is a social science, the emergence of this new case in a different cultural and institutional setting is as great a gift as a new hemisphere to an astronomer.
Relations between student perceptions of their school environment and academic achievement
Creators: name: Gietz, Carmen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study examined the relation between student perceptions of their school environment (specifically safety and inclusion in the school, experiences being bullied, and clear expectations for behaviour) and academic achievement. Participants were students in 969 elementary schools and 73 middle schools who took part in a province-wide achievement test and student satisfaction survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the amount of variance in student achievement explained by student perceptions of the school environment when controlling for family poverty. Results showed that perceptions of the school environment were significantly associated with academic success, above and beyond that of family poverty. These results are discussed with regards to previous and future research, limitations, and the importance of enhancing the school environment to maximize academic achievement.
Bones, bombs and break points: The geography of economic activity
Creators: name: Weinstein, David E.
name: Davis, Donald R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: We consider the distribution of economic activity within a country in light of three leading theories -- increasing returns, random growth, and locational fundamentals. To do so, we examine the distribution of regional population in Japan from the Stone Age to the modern era. We also consider the Allied bombing of Japanese cities in WWII as a shock to relative city sizes. Our results support a hybrid theory in which locational fundamentals establish the spatial pattern of relative regional densities, but increasing returns may help to determine the degree of spatial differentiation. One implication of our results is that even large temporary shocks to urban areas have no long-run impact on city size.
Assessing coverage of essential maternal and child health interventions using health-facility data in Uganda
Creators: name: Mpiima, Jamiru
name: Kumar, Manish
name: Singh, Kavita
name: Simmons, Elizabeth M.
name: Weiss, William
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description:
Background Nationally representative household surveys are the gold standard for tracking progress in coverage of life-saving maternal and child interventions, but often do not provide timely information on coverage at the local and health facility level. Electronic routine health information system (RHIS) data could help provide this information, but there are currently concerns about data quality. This analysis seeks to improve the usability of and confidence in electronic RHIS data by using adjustments to calculate more accurate numerators and denominators for essential interventions. Methods Data from three sources (Ugandan Demographic and Health (UDHS) survey, electronic RHIS, and census) were used to provide estimates of essential maternal (> 4 antenatal care visits (ANC), skilled delivery, and postnatal care visit (PNC)) and child health interventions (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b and polio vaccination series, measles vaccination, and vitamin A). Electronic RHIS data was checked for quality and both numerators and denominators were adjusted to improve accuracy. Estimates were compared between the three sources. Results Estimates of maternal health interventions from adjusted electronic RHIS data were lower than those of the UDHS, while child intervention estimates were typically higher. Adjustment of electronic RHIS data generally improved accuracy compared with no adjustment. There was considerable agreement between estimates from adjusted, electronic RHIS data, and UDHS for skilled delivery and first dose of childhood vaccination series, but lesser agreement for ANC visits and second and third doses of childhood vaccinations. Conclusions Nationally representative household surveys will likely continue being the gold standard of coverage estimates of maternal and child health interventions, but this analysis shows that current approaches to adjusting health facility estimate works better for some indications than others. Further efforts to improve accuracy of estimates from RHIS sources are needed.
Use of Country Purchasing Power Parities for International Comparisons of Poverty Levels
Creators: name: Aten, Bettina
name: Heston, Alan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Economics

description: Individual scholars and expert groups have considered both physical and monetary measures to define a poverty line. Physical measures might be based upon caloric intake, or as considered in India, the number of square meals (thoughtfully defined) in a sample period and the purchase of clothing, with some experts also arguing for an inventory of physical household assets. The attraction of choosing physical measures is that they appear to avoid the necessity of converting currencies across countries to a common measure. However, the survey problems of identifying those below such thresholds, or of choosing equivalent food baskets across space to obtain the same caloric intake, involve problems as knotty as those using monetary measures. In any event, the focus of this paper is on monetary measures of poverty and takes up two interrelated issues of comparing poverty levels: what prices and what expenditure weights should be used when comparing the purchasing power parity (PPP) of currencies, either across or within countries, such as across rural and metropolitan areas.
The relevance of Japanese finance and its main bank system
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: What lessons can be learned from the Japanese experience with its main bank system and, more broadly, its financial system? Mow relevant is that experience for the developing market economies? For the transforming socialist economies? These are the central themes of this chapter, which explores a range of key generic issues in the design of good financial systems for developing market and transforming socialist economies in light of Japanese experience. Consonant with the objectives of this book, a major focus is on the main bank system in its heyday, namely the rapid growth era from the early 1950s to the early 1970s; and on placing the main bank system within the overall architecture of the Japanese financial system, its structure and the government's financial policies.
Biological functions of stable microtubules : a proposed role in cellular memory
Creators: name: Bartolini, Francesca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell organelles

description: Microtubules are prominent elements of the internal scaffolding of the cell (the cytoskeleton) and are necessary for structural support, cell division and intracellular trafficking. They act by moving chromosomes during mitosis or by serving as rigid tracks for the intracellular transport of a variety of structures and molecules within the cell. However, the mechanism by which individual microtubules are assigned to different functions remains elusive. It has long been known that long-lived microtubules (stable microtubules) are generated by different stimuli and can be marked by a range of posttranslational modifications that are conserved throughout evolution. Recent evidence suggests that these microtubule posttranslational modifications can act alone or in combination to affect specific microtubule functions. In this commentary I will review the structural/functional properties of stable microtubules in relation to well characterized cellular processes, and I will propose a role in a much less defined cell behavior known as “cellular memory.”
GUIDELINES FOR OCCUPATIONAL PROMOTION FOR BAN PHON SAI COMMUNITY, MUANG SUBDISTRICT MUANG DISTRICT, LOEI PROVINCE
Creators: name: Phakaratn Phinijwat
Publisher: name: DR.KET Institute of Academic Development and Promotion
Year: 2023
Subjects: Enhancing Career
Community

description: Modern Academic Development and Promotion Journal, 1, 2, 1-11