Turanogryllus pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad 1959
Creators: name: Meena, Ashok Kumar
name: Gulati, Harsh
name: Swaminathan, Rajamani
name: Jaiswara, Ranjana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllidae
Turanogryllus
Turanogryllus pakistanus

description: Turanogryllus pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad, 1959
Paragryllopsis pakistanus Ghouri & Ahmad. 1959. Pakist. Sc. Conf. Lahore 11:A48.
Paragryllopsis pakistanus Chopard. 1963. Bull. Res. Council Israel B 11:169.
Turanogryllus pakistanus Chopard. 1967. In Beier [Ed.]. Orthopterorum Catalogus 10:36.
Gryllopsis pakistanus Chopard [Ed.]. 1969. The Fauna of India and the Adjacent Countries i–xviii: 69, 70, 74 & 75.
Turanogryllus jammuensis Bhowmik. 1985. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Pub., Occas. Paper 73:42 Note: synonym [pakistanus is the older name].
Turanogryllus jammuensis M. S. Shishodia, K. Chandra & S.K. Gupta. 2010. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Misc. Pub., Occas. Paper 314:225.
Material examined:
7 ♂ and 6 ♀. India: Chandigarh, Panjab University, 30.7606° N, 76.7654° E collected and identified by R. Jaiswara, PU Chd. 1 ♂. [India], Rajasthan, Jaisalmer, Polji ki dairy, N26° 47.453’, E 070° 55.253’ collected and identified by Monaal. 1 ♂. [India], Rajasthan, NRCSS Ajmer, 30° 39′49.36′′N 76° 43′ 43.83′′E collected by R. Nagar and identified by A.K. Meena.
Emended Description. Body color light to dark brown (Fig. 2 & 4). Head. Occiput with or without 6 yellow lines (Fig. 2A & 4A). Median ocelli is oval shaped, somewhat similar to lateral ocelli in size that is circular in shape (Fig. 2E). Legs. TI with tympanum present on both sides; outer tympanum almost 4 times in size of inner tympanum, outer tympanum is oval in shape and inner tympanum is circular in shape. III with 6–8 outer and 7–9 inner sub-apical spurs getting longer apically. Forewing. FW shorter than abdomen or up to the length of abdomen; mirror angulated in front, round behind, much wider than long; divided by S-shaped vein, harp with 3 oblique veins, diagonal vein straight (Fig. 2C), stridulatory vein with 350–450 teeth (Fig. 10A), apical field long with 6–8 closely reticulated cell alignments (Fig. 2C); lateral field with 8–9 veins (Fig. 2D).
Male genitalia. Supra anal plate yellowish-brown (Fig. 2G), almost as wide as long, narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave. Subgenital plate deeply notched posteriorly upto one-third of length (Fig. 2H), as long as high in lateral view.
Genitalic parts are heavily sclerotized. Pseudepiphallus without median lobe, gap between lateral lobes deep, posterior end of lateral lobes bear long, slender styli, diverging from each other in dorsal view, in lateral view styli curved upwardly; inner side of lateral lobes and styli bear long setae. Anterior margin of pseudepiphallus slightly concave in the middle. Pseudepiphallic apodeme rather long. Pseudepiphallic paramere divided apically into long and short processes, in lateral view long processes is slightly longer than styli, with broad apical end and bears a small projection directed dorsally; short process with concave apical ends, meeting each other. Ectophallic fold thick and sclerotized. Ectophallic apodeme long and high in lateral view (Fig. 8E). Endophallic cavity distinct. Rami bifid on posterior end, bend on mid length.
Female Genitalia. Subgenital plate posterior margin notched (Fig. 9D–F). Copulatory papilla slender and lightly sclerotized as compared to T. pandajhirensis sp. nov.
Bioacoustics
The calling song of T. pakistanus is a trill type, composed of alternating low and high amplitude syllables (Fig. 12A). At 29°C, the low amplitude segment consists of 23 syllables with an average syllable duration (SD) of 9±1 ms and an average syllable period (SP) of 13±1 ms. The high-amplitude syllable has an average SD of 31±1 ms and an average SP of 339±2 ms. The dominant frequency of the calling song is 8.9 kHz, with an additional harmonic at 17.8 kHz.
Measurements (mm)
Body measurements of T. pakistanus are given in Table 1.
Distribution: Asia-tropical, Indian subcontinent, India (West Himalaya, Jammu-Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Chandigarh and Rajasthan).
description: Published as part of Meena, Ashok Kumar, Gulati, Harsh, Swaminathan, Rajamani & Jaiswara, Ranjana, 2025, A new species of the genus, Turanogryllus Tarbinsky, 1940 from India with redescription of T. pakistanus with data on acoustic signals (Grylloidea: Gryllidae: Gryllinae), pp. 46-62 in Zootaxa 5601 (1) on pages 49-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5601.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/14980297