cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical Observations of Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present an overview of optical observations (mostly spectra) of Type II, Ib, and Ic supernovae (SNe). SNe II are defined by the presence of hydrogen, and exhibit a very wide variety of properties. SNe II-L tend to show evidence of late-time interaction with circumstellar material. SNe IIn are distinguished by relatively narrow emission lines with little or no P-Cygni absorption component and (quite often) slowly declining light curves; they probably have unusually dense circumstellar gas with which the ejecta interact. Some SNe IIn, however, might not be genuine SNe, but rather are ``impostors'' --- specifically, super-outbursts of luminous blue variables. SNe Ib do not exhibit the deep 6150 Angstrom absorption characteristic of ``classical'' SNe Ia; instead, their early-time spectra have He I absorption lines. SNe Ic appear similar to SNe Ib, but lack the helium lines as well. Spectra of SNe IIb initially exhibit hydrogen, yet gradually evolve to resemble those of SNe Ib; their progenitors seem to contain only a low-mass skin of hydrogen. Spectropolarimetry thus far indicates large asymmetries in the ejecta of SNe IIn, but much smaller ones in SNe II-P. As one peers deeper into the ejecta of core-collapse SNe, the asymmetry (indicated by the amount of polarization) seems to increase. There is intriguing, but inconclusive, evidence that some peculiar SNe IIn might be associated with gamma-ray bursts. The rates of different kinds of SNe as a function of Hubble type are still relatively poorly known, although there are good prospects for future improvement.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. To appear in "Young Supernova Remnants," ed. S. S. Holt (New York: American Institute of Physics), 2001
3D-Printed Surface Architecture Enhancing Superhydrophobicity and Viscous Droplet Repellency
Creators: name: Graeber, Gustav
name: Kieliger, Oskar B. Martin
name: Schutzius, Thomas M.
name: Poulikakos, Dimos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macro-textured superhydrophobic surfaces can reduce droplet-substrate contact times of impacting water droplets, however, surface designs with similar performance for significantly more viscous liquids are missing, despite their importance in nature and technology such as for chemical shielding, food staining repellency, and supercooled (viscous) water droplet removal in anti-icing applications. Here, we introduce a deterministic, controllable and up-scalable method to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces with a 3D-printed architecture, combining arrays of alternating surface protrusions and indentations. We show a more than threefold contact time reduction of impacting viscous droplets up to a fluid viscosity of 3.7mPa s, which equals 3.7 times the viscosity of water at room temperature, covering the viscosity of many chemicals and supercooled water. Based on the combined consideration of the fluid flow within and the simultaneous droplet dynamics above the texture, we recommend future pathways to rationally architecture such surfaces, all realizable with the methodology presented here.
description: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Article ASAP, Publication Date (Web): November 19, 2018
Supplemental Figure
Creators: name: Choi, Bernard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Supplemental Figure. Sample expansion and contraction occur in an anisotropic manner. For each sample and each timepoint, the lateral change in area is plotted versus the measured change in sample thickness. If expansion and contraction occurred in an isotropic manner, the data should fall on a parabola. However, a best-fit quadratic model is associated with a R2value of 0.24, suggesting that volume changes do not occur in an isotropic manner.
Doping induced metal-insulator transition in two-dimensional Hubbard, $t-U$, and extended Hubbard, $t-U-W$, models
Creators: name: Assaad, F. F.
name: Imada, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show numerically that the nature of the doping induced metal-insulator transition in the two-dimensional Hubbard model is radically altered by the inclusion of a term, $W$, which depends upon a square of a single-particle nearest-neighbor hopping. This result is reached by computing the localization length, $ξ_l$, in the insulating state. At finite values of $W$ we find results consistent with $ξ_l \sim | μ- μ_c|^{- 1/2} $ where $μ_c$ is the critical chemical potential. In contrast, $ξ_l \sim | μ- μ_c|^{-1/4}$ for the Hubbard model. At finite values of $W$, the presented numerical results imply that doping the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator leads to a $d_{x^2 - y ^2}$ superconductor.
description: 19 pages (latex) including 7 figures in encapsulated postscript format. Submitted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Precise predictions for $Λ_b \to Λ_c$ semileptonic decays
Creators: name: Bernlochner, Florian U.
name: Ligeti, Zoltan
name: Robinson, Dean J.
name: Sutcliffe, William L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the $Λ_b \to Λ_c \ell ν$ form factors and decay rates for all possible $b\to c \ell\barν$ four-Fermi interactions beyond the Standard Model, including nonzero charged lepton masses and terms up to order $α_s\, Λ_\text{QCD}/m_{c,b}$ and $Λ_\text{QCD}^2/m_c^2$ in the heavy quark effective theory. At this order, we obtain model independent predictions for semileptonic $Λ_b \to Λ_c$ decays in terms of only two unknown sub-subleading Isgur-Wise functions, which can be determined from fitting LHCb and lattice QCD data. We thus obtain model independent results for $Λ_b\to Λ_c\ell\barν$ decays, including predictions for the ratio $R(Λ_c) = {\cal B}(Λ_b\to Λ_c τ\barν) / {\cal B}(Λ_b\to Λ_c μ\barν)$ in the presence of new physics, that are more precise than prior results in the literature, and systematically improvable with better data on the decays with $μ$ (or $e$) in the final state. We also explore tests of factorization in $Λ_b \to Λ_cπ$ decays, and emphasize the importance of measuring at LHCb the double differential rate $d^2Γ(Λ_b\toΛ_c\ell\barν) / (d q^2\, d\cosθ)$, in addition to the $q^2$ spectrum.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Foundations of and Applications for the Abstract Boundary Construction for Space-Time
Creators: name: Whale, Ben Edward
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2010
Subjects: General Relativity
Singularities
Abstract Boundary
Boundary Constructions
Singularity Theorems
Causality
Physical Predictions

description: The original content of this thesis is comprised of three parts. First, we investigate the foundations of the Abstract Boundary. We start by presenting a one-to-one correspondence between the set of envelopments and a subset of the set of distances on our manifold. This correspondence allows us to define the Abstract Boundary in terms of mathematical structures defined on the manifold, rather than having to use structures additional to the manifold. We take the ideas used in the correspondence and generalise the Abstract Boundary to be applicable to any first countable topological space. Then, using the correspondence and the generalisation we give two alternative constructions for the Abstract Boundary. These new methods of construction allow us to bring many new tools to the analysis of the Abstract Boundary and thus enrich the subject and provide new avenues for research. Second, we discuss how the limiting behaviour of curves relates to the Abstract Boundary. We restrict our attention to the manifold itself and give a classification of the behaviour of curves via the number of limit points they possess. As an application of the classification we weaken the causality assumption of the Abstract Boundary singularity theorem. As an illustration of the problems that curves in a certain class of the classification can cause we give a definition of causality for Abstract Boundary points. In the process of doing so we generalise the distinguishing and strong causality conditions for the boundaries of envelopments and the Abstract Boundary itself. Third, we investigate the link between the Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems and the Krolak strong curvature condition. We review the singularity theorems and analyse their proofs to determine what can be said about the predicted incomplete geodesics. We see that the conclusions that can be made and the criteria for the Krolak strong curvature condition do not mesh easily. For this reason we present two necessary and sufficient conditions for a geodesic to satisfy the Krolak strong curvature condition, that provide a link between the conclusions and the Krolak condition. The result is that we need to investigate the limiting behaviour of jacobi fields along conjugate point free geodesics. Hence we provide a preliminary result showing that maximal extension of the metric places real constraints on the behaviour of parallelly propagated frames. This material provides some interesting results, and opens the door to a number of new problems.
Spin-Orbit-Induced Kondo Size Effect in Thin Films with 5/2-spin Impurities
Creators: name: Újsághy, O.
name: Zawadowski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, for spin $S=5/2$ impurities quite different size dependence of the Kondo contribution to the resistivity was found experimentally than for S=2. Therefore previous calculation about the effect of the spin-orbit-induced magnetic anisotropy on the Kondo amplitude of the resistivity is extended to the case of $S=5/2$ impurity spin which differs from the integer spin case as the ground state is degenerated. In this case the Kondo contribution remains finite when the sample size goes to zero and the thickness dependence in the Kondo resistivity is much weaker for Cu(Mn). The behavior of the Kondo coefficient as a function of the thickness depends on the Kondo temperature, that is somewhat stronger for larger $T_K$. Comparing our results with a recent experiment in thin Cu(Mn) films, we find a good agreement.
description: 8 pages, ReVTeX + 4 figures (Postscript)
Cultures of Governance and the Governance of Culture : Indigenous Australians and the State
Creators: name: Smith, Diane Evelyn
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Governance, governmentality, Indigenous leadership, Indigenous governance, intercultural, Indigenous incorporated organisations, the state, networks, nodal networked governance

description: This PhD Thesis By Publication poses two concepts – ‘cultures of governance’ and the ‘governance of culture’ – as tropes by which to analyse the contemporary condition of Indigenous governance. The thesis publications enable a theoretical understanding of Indigenous governance as being culturally self-referential field of meshed nodal networks, and as also influentially shaped by its intercultural articulation with the governmentality of the Australian state. In doing so, concepts of governance, governmentality, field, power, agency, legitimacy, network, culture and intercultural are investigated and theoretically refined. Eight published papers are presented which have valuable synergies between them. They are laid out under five Parts which focus on particular aspects of governance and governmentality. The publications provide extensive ethnographic evidence and analyses derived from long-term fieldwork undertaken over a period of 37 years in rural, urban and remote Indigenous locations across Australia, as well as with governments and their departments. These provide the bases upon which a cohesive theoretical framework is newly developed by way of the thesis conclusion. On a more pragmatic level, the Conclusion also highlights he significance of that framework for the ongoing relationship between Indigenous Australians and the state, and their practices of governance and governmentality.
James Webb Space Telescope Optical Simulation Testbed V: Wide-field phase retrieval assessment
Creators: name: Laginja, Iva
name: Brady, Greg
name: Soummer, Remi
name: Egron, Sylvain
name: Moriarty, Christopher
name: Lajoie, Charles-Philippe
name: Bonnefois, Aurelie
name: Michau, Vincent
name: Choquet, Elodie
name: Ferrari, Marc
name: Leboulleux, Lucie
name: Levecq, Olivier
name: N'Diaye, Mamadou
name: Perrin, Marshall D.
name: Petrone, Peter
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Anand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Optical Simulation Testbed (JOST) is a hardware simulator for wavefront sensing and control designed to produce JWST-like images. A model of the JWST three mirror anas- tigmat is realized with three lenses in the form of a Cooke triplet, which provides JWST-like optical quality over a field equivalent to a NIRCam module. An Iris AO hexagonally segmented mirror stands in for the JWST primary. This setup successfully produces images extremely similar to expected JWST in-flight point spread functions (PSFs), and NIRCam images from cryotesting, in terms of the PSF morphology and sampling relative to the diffraction limit. The segmentation of the primary mirror into subapertures introduces complexity into wavefront sensing and control (WFS&C) of large space based telescopes like JWST. JOST provides a platform for independent analysis of WFS&C scenarios for both commissioning and maintenance activities on such ob- servatories. We present an update of the current status of the testbed including both single field and wide-field alignment results. We assess the optical quality of JOST over a wide field of view to inform the future imple- mentation of different wavefront sensing algorithms including the currently implemented Linearized Algorithm for Phase Diversity (LAPD). JOST complements other work at the Makidon Laboratory at the Space Telescope Science Institute, including the High-contrast imager for Complex Aperture Telescopes (HiCAT) testbed, that investigates coronagraphy for segmented aperture telescopes. Beyond JWST we intend to use JOST for WFS&C studies for future large segmented space telescopes such as LUVOIR.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Asymptotic power-law tails of massive scalar fields in Reissner-Nordström background
Creators: name: Koyama, Hiroko
name: Tomimatsu, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate dominant late-time tail behaviors of massive scalar fields in nearly extreme Reissner-Nordström background. It is shown that the oscillatory tail of the scalar fields has the decay rate of $t^{-5/6}$ at asymptotically late times. The physical mechanism by which the asymptotic $t^{-5/6}$ tail yields and the relation between the field mass and the time scale when the tail begins to dominate, are discussed in terms of resonance backscattering due to spacetime curvature.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Anisotropic finite-size scaling analysis of a three-dimensional driven-diffusive system
Creators: name: Leung, Kwan-tai
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the standard three-dimensional driven diffusive system on a simple cubic lattice where particle jumps along a given lattice direction are biased by an infinitely strong field, while those along other directions follow the usual Kawasaki dynamics. Our goal is to determine which of the several existing theories for critical behavior is valid. We analyze finite-size scaling properties using a range of system shapes and sizes far exceeding previous studies. Four different analytic predictions are tested against the numerical data. Binder and Wang's prediction does not fit the data well. Among the two slightly different versions of Leung, the one including the effects of a dangerous irrelevant variable appears to be better. Recently proposed isotropic finite-size scaling is inconsistent with our data from cubic systems, where systematic deviations are found, especially in scaling at the critical temperature.
description: 12 pages, 14 PS figures, RevTeX; extensively revised
Distances in inhomogeneous quintessence cosmology
Creators: name: Sereno, M.
name: Covone, G.
name: Piedipalumbo, E.
name: de Ritis, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of cosmological distances in locally inhomogeneous universes with pressureless matter and dark energy (quintessence), with constant equation of state. We give exact solutions for angular diameter distances in theempty beam approximation. In this hypothesis, the distance-redshift equation is derived fron the multiple lens-plane theory. The case of a flat universe is considered with particular attention. We show how this general scheme makes distances degenerate with respect to w_X and the smoothness parameters, alpha, accounting for the homogeneously distributed fraction of energy of the i-components. We analyse how this degeneracy influences the critical redshift where the angular diameter distance takes its maximum, and put in evidence future prospects for measuring the smoothness parameter of the pressureless matter, alpha_M.
description: 24 pages, 9 ps figures
Controlled Electrokinetic Particle Manipulation using Paper-and-Pencil Microfluidics
Creators: name: Das, Sankha Shuvra
name: Kar, Shantimoy
name: Dawn, Sayantan
name: Saha, Partha
name: Chakraborty, Suman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dielectrophoresis is a very promising technique for particle manipulation on a chip. In this study, we demonstrate a controlled mannuvering of polystryrene particles on a simple paper-and-pencil based device by exploiting the underlying electrokinetics with primary contribution from dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces. On contrary to other reported DEP devices, the present configuration does not demand a shophitcated laboratory module for creating a non-uniform electric field, which is essential requirement in DEP settings. We demonstrate positive dielectrophoresis (pDEP) to trap 1 um size polystyrene particle for low-conductivity suspending medium, at an applied field strength of 100 V/cm. In addition, the switching of the trapping direction (positive to negative dielectrophoresis) can be simply achieved by manipulating the conductivity of the media. We further bring out an optimum range of pH for effective particle trapping. These results have significant implications towards designing cell-on-a-chip based point of care diagnostic devices for resource limited settings.
description: 21 pages
Treating pain in sickle cell disease by means of focused ultrasound neuromodulation (Histology images)
Creators: name: Kim, Min Gon
name: Yu, Kai
name: Yeh, Chih-Yu
name: Fouda, Raghda
name: Argueta, Donovan
name: Kiven, Stacy
name: Ni, Yunruo
name: Niu, Xiaodan
name: Chen, Qiyang
name: Kim, Kang
name: Gupta, Kalpna
name: He, Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320218
subject: Pain
classificationCode: 320903
subject: Central nervous system
classificationCode: 400309
subject: Neural engineering
classificationCode: 400305
subject: Biomedical instrumentation

description: We have demonstrated a novel transcranial focused ultrasound technology for pain treatment, that promises to provide non-pharmacologic chronic pain treatment for patients associated with underlying conditions such as cancer or sickle cell disease (SCD).Double-blind histological analyses were conducted from HbSS-BERK sickle mice and HbAA-BERK genetic control mice in vivo. This work was supported in part by NIH EB029354, NS124564, and NS131069. Animal care and handling are according to the regulation of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Carnegie Mellon University and Long Beach VA medical Centre and complied with National Institutes of Health guidelines. More information can be found in the corresponding manuscript:Kim MG*, Yu K*, Yeh C-Y, Fouda R, Argueta D, Kiven S, Ni Y, Niu X, Chen Q, Kim K, Gupta K, He B. Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound changes pain-associated behaviors by modulating pain processing brain circuits. bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.07.519518 (*Equal contribution, first author)If anyone uses the whole or part of the dataset provided here, we kindly ask you to cite the above publication in any of your publications or presentations:Folders:- Double-blind histological analyses and treatment information- Histology images in HbSS-BERK sickle mice (Slide #1-#3)- Histology images in HbAA-BERK genetic control mice (Slide #4-#8)- Images for Iron and TUNEL positive control
The Australian academic elite : their family origins and structure
Creators: name: T'ien, H. Yuan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1959
Subjects: human fertility
families
professions
academic achievement
scholars
Australian
origins
structure

description: The inverse relationship between mobility and fertility has generally been explained either in terms of "environmental" factors, or in terms of "hereditary" causes. In his theory of "social capillarity", Dumont asserted that "just as a column of liquid has to be thin in order to rise under the force of capillarity, so a family must be small in order to rise in the social scale." (Italics added.) On the other hand, Fisher advocated that "the dominating cause (of differential fertility by social classes) lies in the social promotion of the relatively infertile."
Treating pain in sickle cell disease by means of focused ultrasound neuromodulation (Behavior assessments and analyses)
Creators: name: Kim, Min Gon
name: Yu, Kai
name: Yeh, Chih-Yu
name: Fouda, Raghda
name: Argueta, Donovan
name: Kiven, Stacy
name: Ni, Yunruo
name: Niu, Xiaodan
name: Chen, Qiyang
name: Kim, Kang
name: Gupta, Kalpna
name: He, Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320218
subject: Pain
classificationCode: 320903
subject: Central nervous system
classificationCode: 400309
subject: Neural engineering
classificationCode: 400305
subject: Biomedical instrumentation

description: We have demonstrated a novel transcranial focused ultrasound technology for pain treatment, that promises to provide non-pharmacologic chronic pain treatment for patients associated with underlying conditions such as cancer or sickle cell disease (SCD).The behavioral assessment with analysis were conducted from 114 experimental in vivo mice. This work was supported in part by NIH EB029354, NS124564, and NS131069. Animal care and handling are according to the regulation of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Carnegie Mellon University and Long Beach VA medical Centre and complied with National Institutes of Health guidelines. More information can be found in the corresponding manuscript:Kim MG*, Yu K*, Yeh C-Y, Fouda R, Argueta D, Kiven S, Ni Y, Niu X, Chen Q, Kim K, Gupta K, He B. Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound changes pain-associated behaviors by modulating pain processing brain circuits. bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.07.519518 (*Equal contribution, first author)If anyone uses the whole or part of the dataset provided here, we kindly ask you to cite the above publication in any of your publications or presentations:Folders:- Hot-plate test blind assessment and summary- Cold-plate test blind assessment and summary- von Frey test blind assessment and summary- Rotarod test blind assessment and summary
Conformal field theory approach to gapless 1D fermion systems and application to the edge excitations of nu = 1/(2p+1) quantum Hall sequences
Creators: name: Degiovanni, P.
name: Chaubet, Ch.
name: Melin, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive study of the effective Conformal Field Theory (CFT) describing the low energy excitations of a gas of spinless interacting fermions on a circle in the gapless regime (Luttinger liquid). Functional techniques and modular transformation properties are used to compute all correlation functions in a finite size and at finite temperature. Forward scattering disorder is treated exactly. Laughlin experiments on charge transport in a Quantum Hall Fluid on a cylinder are reviewed within this CFT framework. Edge excitations above a given bulk excitation are described by a twisted version of the Luttinger effective theory. Luttinger CFTs corresponding to the nu =1/(2p+1) filling fractions appear to be rational CFTs (RCFT). Generators of the extended symmetry algebra are identified as edge fermions creators and annihilators, thus giving a physical meaning to the RCFT point of view on edge excitations of these sequences.
description: 69 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX2e + amstex and graphicx packages needed, fullpage.sty used (not compulsory)
Polygram Stars: Resonant Tidal Excitation of Fundamental Oscillation Modes in Asynchronous Stellar Coalescence
Creators: name: MacLeod, Morgan
name: Vick, Michelle
name: Lai, Dong
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prevalence of binary stars at close separations implies that many of these systems will interact or merge during the binary's lifetime. This paper presents hydrodynamic simulations of the scenario of binary coalescence through unstable mass transfer, which drives the pair to closer separations. When the donor star does not rotate synchronously with respect to the orbit, dynamical tidal waves are excited in its envelope. We show that resonance crossings with high azimuthal-order $(m\sim3$ to $6$) fundamental modes induce a visible "polygram" distortion to the star. As the binary orbit tightens, the system sweeps through resonance with modes of decreasing azimuthal order, which are selectively excited. We compare our hydrodynamic simulations to predictions from linear theory of resonant mode excitation. The linear theory provides an estimate of mode amplitudes to within a factor of two, even as the oscillations become quite non-linear as the stars coalesce. We estimate that a wave with 10% radial amplitude generates approximately 1% photometric variability; this may be detectible if such a binary coalescence is caught in action by future photometric all-sky surveys.
description: Submitted to AAS Journals. Comments for revision are welcome
Overview of the Importance of Corporate Security in business
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sourav
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article gives an overview of the importance of corporate security in today’s business. Information security has stood out as paramount importance to organizations. The security of any system and people continues to remain a top priority for the company. In every organization or business, the employees can possibly represent their organizations to enormous amounts of cyber risks. Every employee in the organization have accountability to remain vigilant and properly respond to security threats as they arise. In today’s busy World, every corporate security is focusing on ensuring that they secure their customers, facilities, systems and ensure that they are designing security into their client solutions. Few key initiatives include collaborating with the IT organization on foundational projects such as securing remote access, transforming the identity and access administration services and improving the identification and remediation of vulnerabilities. As we seek to protect the company’s brand name and the client’s trust, it is vitally important for every organization to consider security a key responsibility. When organizations choose to disrespect security policies & procedures, the organization is at danger. Through the organizational control lens, tried to explain the corporate security precaution-taking behavior. In this article, we will discuss how the security attack happens and how can it be prevented, data security and cyber-security.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SHEA BUTTER AND OLEIN QUALITY IN IREPODUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OYO STATE, NIGERIA
Creators: name: Adekunle, Olufemi Adewale
name: Mariam, Aisha Ibrahim
Publisher: name: klover journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Shea butter
extraction methods
traditional techniques
mechanization
Nigeria

description: The shea tree, its biology, and cultivation belt have been extensively studied and documented, along with methods of extraction. In West Africa, particularly in Nigeria, rural women predominantly utilize traditional methods of shea butter extraction, despite the labor-intensive nature, due to its sustained earnings. Unlike Mali and Uganda, where dry extraction methods using hydraulic or screw presses are prevalent, such techniques are rarely employed in Nigerian shea localities. While mechanical devices for drying and size reduction exist, the kneading of shea paste remains unmechanized in Nigeria. This paper explores the prevailing methods of shea butter extraction in Nigeria, highlighting the preference for traditional techniques and the limited adoption of mechanized processes
Gas bubble evolution on microstructured silicon substrates
Creators: name: van der Linde, Peter
name: Peñas-López, Pablo
name: Soto, Álvaro Moreno
name: van der Meer, Devaraj
name: Lohse, Detlef
name: Gardeniers, Han
name: Rivas, David Fernández
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation, growth and detachment of gas bubbles on electrodes are omnipresent in electrolysis and other gas-producing chemical processes. To better understand their role in the mass transfer efficiency, we perform experiments involving successive bubble nucleations from a predefined nucleation site which consists of a superhydrophobic pit on top of a micromachined pillar. The experiments on bubble nucleation at these spots permit the comparison of mass transfer phenomena connected to electrolytically generated H$_2$ bubbles with the better-understood evolution of CO$_2$ bubbles in pressure-controlled supersaturated solutions. In both cases, bubbles grow in a diffusion-dominated regime. For CO$_2$ bubbles, it is found that the growth rate coefficient of subsequent bubbles always decreases due to the effect of gas depletion. In contrast, during constant current electrolysis, the bubble growth rates are affected by the evolution of a boundary layer of dissolved H$_2$ gas near the flat electrode which competes with gas depletion. This competition results in three distinct regimes. Initially, the bubble growth slows down with each new bubble in the succession due to the dominant depletion of the newly-formed concentration boundary layer. In later stages, the growth rate increases due to a local increase of gas supersaturation caused by the continuous gas production and finally levels off to an approximate steady growth rate. The gas transport efficiency associated with the electrolytic bubble succession follows a similar trend in time. Finally, for both H$_2$ and CO$_2$ bubbles, detachment mostly occurs at smaller radii than theory predicts and at a surprisingly wide spread of sizes. A number of explanations are proposed, but the ultimate origin of the spreading of the results remains elusive.
Initial data for two Kerr-like black holes
Creators: name: Dain, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the existence of a family of initial data for the Einstein vacuum equation which can be interpreted as the data for two Kerr-like black holes in arbitrary location and with spin in arbitrary direction. When the mass parameter of one of them is zero, this family reduces exactly to the Kerr initial data. The existence proof is based on a general property of the Kerr metric which can be used in other constructions as well. Further generalizations are also discussed.
description: revtex, 5 pages, no figures
Dynamic Magnetization-Reversal Transition in the Ising Model
Creators: name: Misra, A.
name: Chakrabarti, B. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of mean field and the Monte Carlo study of the dynamic magnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model, brought about by the application of an external field pulse applied in opposition to the existing order before the application of the pulse. The transition occurs at a temperature T below the static critical temperature T_c without any external field. The transition occurs when the system, perturbed by the external field pulse competing with the existing order, jumps from one minimum of free energy to the other after the withdrawal of the pulse. The parameters controlling the transition are the strength h_p and the duration Delta t of the pulse. In the mean field case, approximate analytical expression is obtained for the phase boundary which agrees well with that obtained numerically in the small Delta t and large T limit. The order parameter of the transition has been identified and is observed to vary continuously near the transition. The order parameter exponent beta was estimated both for the mean field (beta =1) and the Monte Carlo beta = 0.90 \pm 0.02 in two dimension) cases. The transition shows a "critical slowing-down" type behaviour near the phase boundary with diverging relaxation time. The divergence was found to be logarithmic in the mean field case and exponential in the Monte Carlo case. The finite size scaling technique was employed to estimate the correlation length exponent nu (= 1.5 \pm 0.3 in two dimension) in the Monte Carlo case.
description: 13 pages, latex, 8 figures
Integer-Valued Functional Data Analysis for Measles Forecasting
Creators: name: Kowal, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Measles presents a unique and imminent challenge for epidemiologists and public health officials: the disease is highly contagious, yet vaccination rates are declining precipitously in many localities. Consequently, the risk of a measles outbreak continues to rise. To improve preparedness, we study historical measles data both pre- and post-vaccine, and design new methodology to forecast measles counts with uncertainty quantification. We propose to model the disease counts as an integer-valued functional time series: measles counts are a function of time-of-year and time-ordered by year. The counts are modeled using a negative-binomial distribution conditional on a real-valued latent process, which accounts for the overdispersion observed in the data. The latent process is decomposed using an unknown basis expansion, which is learned from the data, with dynamic basis coefficients. The resulting framework provides enhanced capability to model complex seasonality, which varies dynamically from year-to-year, and offers improved multi-month ahead point forecasts and substantially tighter forecast intervals (with correct coverage) compared to existing forecasting models. Importantly, the fully Bayesian approach provides well-calibrated and precise uncertainty quantification for epi-relevent features, such as the future value and time of the peak measles count in a given year. An R package is available online.
Metal-insulator transition in the one-dimensional SU(N) Hubbard model
Creators: name: Assaraf, Roland
name: Azaria, Patrick
name: Caffarel, Michel
name: Lecheminant, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the metal-insulator transition of the one-dimensional SU(N) Hubbard model for repulsive interaction. Using the bosonization approach a Mott transition in the charge sector at half-filling (k_F=π/Na_0) is conjectured for N > 2. Expressions for the charge and spin velocities as well as for the Luttinger liquid parameters and some correlation functions are given. The theoretical predictions are compared with numerical results obtained with an improved zero-temperature quantum Monte Carlo approach. The method used is a generalized Green's function Monte Carlo scheme in which the stochastic time evolution is partially integrated out. Very accurate results for the gaps, velocities, and Luttinger liquid parameters as a function of the Coulomb interaction U are given for the cases N=3 and N=4. Our results strongly support the existence of a Mott-Hubbard transition at a {\it non-zero} value of the Coulomb interaction. We find $U_c \sim 2.2$ for N=3 and $U_c \sim 2.8$ for N=4.
description: 22 pages, 9 Figs
Geometrical Constraints of Observing Very High Energy Earth-Skimming Neutrinos from Space
Creators: name: Guépin, Claire
name: Sarazin, Frédéric
name: Krizmanic, John
name: Loerincs, Jacqueline
name: Olinto, Angela
name: Piccone, Ashley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of very-high-energy (VHE) neutrinos ($E_ν\gtrsim 10$ PeV) is a challenge that future generations of experiments are being designed and constructed to address. One promising method relies on using the Earth as a neutrino target for indirect detection of skimming tau neutrinos interacting within the Earth and producing tau leptons that are able to escape and decay in the atmosphere. The tau decay produces upward-moving Extensive Air Showers (EASs). A space-based or suborbital instrument observing the ground near the Earth limb can search for the beamed Cherenkov signal produced by the up-going EAS resulting from the tau-lepton decay. In this paper, we derive the geometrical constraints for such an observation in general and for the specific case of the Probe Of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics (POEMMA) mission currently under study, focusing on the Cherenkov signal detection. We show that, using reasonable orbital parameters, POEMMA can achieve full-sky coverage to search for potential neutrino sources over the length of its mission. We also show that follow-up of a transient Target-of-Opportunity (ToO), such as a flaring source, can be achieved within an orbit time scale depending on the source location on the celestial sphere and its relative position with respect to the Sun and the Moon.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to JCAP, comments welcome
Additional file 1 of Nomogram model for predicting cause-specific mortality in patients with stage I small-cell lung cancer: a competing risk analysis
Creators: name: Li, Jianjie
name: Zheng, Qiwen
name: Zhao, Xinghui
name: Zhao, Jun
name: An, Tongtong
name: Wu, Meina
name: Wang, Yuyan
name: Zhuo, Minglei
name: Zhong, Jia
name: Yang, Xue
name: Jia, Bo
name: Chen, Hanxiao
name: Dong, Zhi
name: Wang, Jingjing
name: Chi, Yujia
name: Zhai, Xiaoyu
name: Wang, Ziping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Basal-plane Incommensurate Phases in HCP Structures
Creators: name: Luk'yanchuk, I.
name: Jorio, A.
name: Pimenta, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An Ising model with competing interaction is used to study the appearance of incommensurate phases in the basal plane of an hexagonal closed-packed structure. The calculated mean-field phase diagram reveals various 1q-incommensurate and lock-in phases. The results are applied to explain the basal-plane incommensurate phase in some compounds of the A'A"BX_4 family, like K_2MoO_4, K_2WO_4, Rb_2WO4 and to describe the sequence of high-temperature phase transitions in other compounds of this family.
description: 8 pages, RevTeX + 4 ps figures
Functional relations in nineteen-vertex models with domain-wall boundaries
Creators: name: Bossart, A.
name: Galleas, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is concerned with functional properties shared by partition functions of nineteen-vertex models with domain-wall boundary conditions. In particular, we describe both Izergin-Korepin and Fateev-Zamolodchikov models with the aforementioned boundary conditions and show their partition functions are governed by a system of functional equations originated from the associated Yang-Baxter algebra.
description: 34 pages
Mass enhancement of two-dimensional electrons in thin-oxide Si-MOSFET's
Creators: name: Pan, W.
name: Tsui, D. C.
name: Draper, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We wish to report in this paper a study of the effective mass (m^*) in thin-oxide Si-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors, using the temperature dependence of the Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) effect and following the methodology developed by J.L. Smith and P.J. Stiles, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 29}, 102 (1972). We find that in the thin oxide limit, when the oxide thickness $d_{ox}$ is smaller than the average two-dimensional electron-electron separation r, m^* is still enhanced and the enhancement can be described by $m^*/m_B = 0.815 + 0.23(r/d_{ox})$, where $m_B = 0.195 m_e$ is the bulk electron mass, $m_e$ the free electron mass. At $n_s = 6 \times 10^{11}/cm^2$, for example, $m^* \simeq 0.25 m_e$, an enhancement doubles that previously reported by Smith and Stiles. Our result shows that the interaction between electrons in the semiconductor and the neutralizing positive charges on the metallic gate electrode is important for mass enhancement. We also studied the magnetic-field orientation dependence of the SdH effect and deduced a value of $3.0 \pm 0.5$ for the effective $g$ factor in our thin oxide samples.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B (SCHED. DATE Apr. 15, 1999)
Self-similarity in the conformal framework of quiescent cosmology and the Weyl curvature hypothesis
Creators: name: Chua, Alvin J. K.
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2012

description: A viable alternative to cosmological inflation is provided by the combined theory of quiescent cosmology and the Weyl curvature hypothesis. We augment the conformal framework of this theory by incorporating the spacetime property of self-similarity. A generalisation of the conformal Killing equation is developed as a definition of asymptotic self-similarity for use in the framework; we derive several propositions and theorems that facilitate the application of this definition, and demonstrate asymptotic self-similarity for FLRW and other models. We also detail the conditions under which self-similarity is preserved by conformal transformations, and investigate its relationship to other symmetry properties in the framework.
Bursts of Radiation and Recoil Effects in Electromagnetism and Gravitation
Creators: name: Barrabès, C.
name: Hogan, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maxwell field of a charge e which experiences an impulsive acceleration or deceleration is constructed explicitly by subdividing Minkowskian space-time into two halves bounded by a future null-cone and then glueing the halves back together with appropriate matching conditions. The resulting retarded radiation can be viewed as instantaneous electromagnetic bremsstrahlung. If we similarly consider a spherically symmetric, moving gravitating mass, to experience an impulsive deceleration, as viewed by a distant observer, then this is accompanied by the emission of a light-like shell whose total energy measured by this observer is the same as the kinetic energy of the source before it stops. This phenomenon is a recoil effect which may be thought of as a limiting case of a Kinnersley rocket.
description: 24 pages LaTeX2e, 2 figures (included). Published in Class. Quant. Gravity
The Performance of Colour: Time, Material, Time, Language
Creators: name: Farrell, Kirsten Sue
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015
Subjects: colour theory
color theory
practice-led research
drawing
performance art
visual practice
contemporary art
participatory art

description: This practice-led thesis considers what it is to imagine colour at the limits of language as art practice. The main project of this research, The Vivisector Oracle: A Colour System for the Discovery of Truth for Artists and Others in Times of Uncertainty (2013-ongoing) began as a list of all the colours in Patrick White’s novel The Vivisector and expanded into a work with several iterations: a set of collages using paint swatches, installation, objects, and a series of one-on-one performances. I also produced a significant body of drawings which together propose that the relationship between colour, time and space allow a view of colour as performative. Through my consistently speculative studio processes I have aimed to conduct research that is both material and philosophical into the meanings of colour. This thesis’ contribution to contemporary visual practice is an expanded idea of colour as performative, and as a way of thinking that includes language and systems but simultaneously reaches beyond them.
Coherent versus Incoherent c-Axis Josephson Tunneling Between Layered Superconductors
Creators: name: Klemm, R. A.
name: Arnold, G.
name: Rieck, C. T.
name: Scharnberg, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate Ic(T) and Rn for both coherent and incoherent electron tunneling across a c-axis break junction between nu=s,d_x^2-y^2-wave superconducting half spaces, each with c-axis bandwidth 2J. Coherent quasiparticle tunneling only occurs for voltages V<2J/e, leading to difficulties in measuring Rn for underdoped samples. The coherent part of Ic(0) is independent of Delta_nu(0) for J/Delta_nu(0)<<1, and can be large. Our results are discussed with regard to recent experiments.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures