cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Emergent XY* transition driven by symmetry fractionalization and anyon condensation
Creators: name: Schuler, Michael
name: Henry, Louis-Paul
name: Lu, Yuan-Ming
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anyons in a topologically ordered phase can carry fractional quantum numbers with respect to the symmetry group of the considered system, one example being the fractional charge of the quasiparticles in the fractional quantum Hall effect. When such symmetry-fractionalized anyons condense, the resulting phase must spontaneously break the symmetry and display a local order parameter. In this paper, we study the phase diagram and anyon condensation transitions of a $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological order perturbed by Ising interactions in the Toric Code. The interplay between the global Ising symmetry and the lattice space group symmetries results in a non-trivial symmetry fractionalization class for the anyons, and is shown to lead to two characteristically different symmetry-broken phases. To understand the anyon condensation transitions, we use the recently introduced critical torus energy spectrum technique to identify a line of emergent 2+1D XY* transitions ending at a fine-tuned (Ising$^2$)* critical point. We provide numerical evidence for the occurrence of two symmetry breaking patterns predicted by the specific symmetry fractionalization class of the anyons in the explored phase diagram. In combination with quantum Monte Carlo simulations we measure unusually large critical exponents for the scaling of the correlation function at the anyon condensation transitions, and we identify lines of (weakly) first order transitions in the phase diagram. As an important result, we discuss the phase diagram of a resulting 2+1D Ashkin-Teller model, where we demonstrate that torus spectroscopy is capable of identifying emergent XY/O(2) critical behaviour, thereby solving some longstanding open questions in the domain of the 3D Ashkin-Teller models. To establish the generality of our results, we propose a field theoretical description which is in excellent agreement with the numerical results.
description: Submission to SciPost
Paper-based ZnO self-powered sensors and nanogenerators by plasma technology
Creators: name: Garcia-Casas, Xabier
name: Aparicio, Francisco J.
name: Budagosky, Jorge
name: Ghaffarinejad, Ali
name: Orozco-Corrales, Noel
name: Kostya
name: Ostrikov
name: Sanchez-Valencia, Juan R.
name: Barranco, Angel
name: Borras, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanogenerators and self-powered nanosensors have shown the potential to power low-consumption electronics and human-machine interfaces, but their practical implementation requires reliable, environmentally friendly and scalable, processes for manufacturing and processing. This article presents a plasma synthesis approach for the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) and self-powered sensors on paper substrates. Polycrystalline ZnO nanocolumnar thin films are deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition on common paper supports using a microwave electron cyclotron resonance reactor working at room temperature yielding high growth rates and low structural and interfacial stresses. Applying Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation, we elucidate the basic shadowing mechanism behind the characteristic microstructure and porosity of the ZnO thin films, relating them to an enhanced piezoelectric response to periodic and random inputs. The piezoelectric devices are assembled by embedding the ZnO films in PMMA and using Au electrodes in two different configurations: laterally and vertically contacted devices. We present the response of the laterally connected devices as a force sensor for low-frequency events with different answers to the applied force depending on the impedance circuit, i.e. load values range, a behaviour that is theoretically analyzed. The vertical devices reach power densities as high as 80 nW/cm2 with a mean power output of 20 nW/cm2. We analyze their actual-scenario performance by activation with a fan and handwriting. Overall, this work demonstrates the advantages of implementing plasma deposition for piezoelectric films to develop robust, flexible, stretchable, and enhanced-performance nanogenerators and self-powered piezoelectric sensors compatible with inexpensive and recyclable supports
description: 30 pages, 8 figures in main text
Transplanting Hong Kong high-rise housing during the time of transition
Creators: name: Chen, Liran
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Hong Kong has been influencing the urban development of Chongqing since China’s post-1978 reform, which is a significant aspect of the contemporary urban history of Chongqing that remains unstudied. This case study focuses on the planning, design and implementation of Wanglongmen residential quarter project (1982-1992) to preliminarily explore how Chongqing learned from Hong Kong in pursuit of modernity in the early reform. The study finds that its planning and design were inspired by orthodox Hong Kong high-rise housing mode, but when transplanted to Chongqing, such mode interacted with the legacies of China’s pre-1978 planned-economy era, including small economic volume, underdeveloped housing commodification owing partly to ideological controversy, and vague building code. The interactions produced walk-up high-rise residences, and influenced building massing and landscaping. Besides, the logic behind some design tactics changed from pursing commercial profit to pursing public interest during the transplantation. The paper argues that when China was transforming from planned economy to market economy in the early reform, the influences from Hong Kong were emerging but the remains of the planned-economy era still prevailed. Such interim hindered Chongqing from duplicating Hong Kong housing comprehensively, but enabled Chongqing to reproduce Hong Kong’s modernity in an innocent and creative way.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
A Verified Implementation of Function Extraction
Creators: name: Veenendaal, Jason
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Functional programming languages have simpler semantics than imperative languages making verification much easier in comparison. Given this, it would be desirable to be able to take an imperative program and transform it into an equivalent functional program and then perform any analysis on the transformed program. In this thesis, we will both describe a method to transform an imperative program into a functional program as well as implement this method in Gallina/Coq. We then prove the correctness of this method by way of Hoare Logic. Specifically, we will demonstrate that the equivalent functional program forms a valid Hoare triple for the original imperative program. Thus, we will be able to reason about the functional program and apply the results to the imperative program.
Exploring the Universality of Hadronic Jet Classification
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Chung, Yi-Lun
name: Hsu, Shih-Chieh
name: Nachman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The modeling of jet substructure significantly differs between Parton Shower Monte Carlo (PSMC) programs. Despite this, we observe that machine learning classifiers trained on different PSMCs learn nearly the same function. This means that when these classifiers are applied to the same PSMC for testing, they result in nearly the same performance. This classifier universality indicates that a machine learning model trained on one simulation and tested on another simulation (or data) will likely be optimal. Our observations are based on detailed studies of shallow and deep neural networks applied to simulated Lorentz boosted Higgs jet tagging at the LHC.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables
A study on the slum clearance redevelopment project and the community design project for disaster in Koto-delta
Creators: name: Fujisaki, Motoki
name: Reyes, Joseph Thomas
name: Toyokawa, Saikaku
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The paper puts it focus on the activities of university researchers to organize the top-down urban planning and bottom-up community design with the theme of disaster in Koto-delta. Moreover, comparative and analysis of statistical data of Koto-delta for half a century show the necessary conditions for considering the disaster prevention planning. Koto-delta is the most dangerous area for disaster in Tokyo. Takayama presented the Koto Cross Disaster Prevention Belt Conception, after studying his laboratory, became the foundation of the current planning. While disaster prevention bases and public facilities have increased the disaster prevention performance of the area, the aging and unused facilities are now a problem. Otani and Sato aimed to improve the community by cooperative rebuilding of residents, but the discussion was difficult, and maintenance did not proceed. The statistical data shows that the safety of the area improved, but in addition to the failure of social mix due to largescale development, the loss of regional landscape and diversity due to the promotion of detached rebuilding, the resilience is decreasing.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Hybrid Au-Si microspheres produced by laser ablation in liquid (LAL) for temperature-feedback optical nano-sensing and anti-counterfeit labeling
Creators: name: Gurbatov, Stanislav
name: Puzikov, Vladislav
name: Storozhenko, Dmitry
name: Modin, Evgeny
name: Mitsai, Eugeny
name: Cherepakhin, Artem
name: Shevlyagin, Aleksandr
name: Gerasimenko, Andrey V.
name: Kulinich, Sergei A.
name: Kuchmizhak, Aleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in hybrid nanomaterials composed of dissimilar constituents permitted to improve performance and functionality of novel devices developed for optoelectronics, catalysis, medical diagnostic and sensing. However, the rational combination of such contrasting materials as noble metals and semiconductors within individual hybrid nanostructures $via$ a ready-to-use and lithography-free fabrication approach is still a standing challenge. Here, we report on a two-step synthesis of Au-Si microspheres generated by laser ablation of silicon in isopropanol followed by laser irradiation of the produced Si nanoparticles in presence of HAuCl$_4$. Thermal reduction of [AuCl$_4$]$^-$ species to metallic gold phase, along with its subsequent mixing with silicon under laser irradiation creates a nanostructured material with a unique composition and morphology revealed by electron microscopy, tomography and elemental analysis. Combination of such basic plasmonic and nanophotonic materials as gold and silicon within a single microsphere allows for efficient light-to-heat conversion, as well as single-particle SERS sensing with temperature feedback modality and expanded functionality. Moreover, the characteristic Raman signal and hot-electron induced nonlinear photoluminescence coexisting within Au-Si hybrids, as well as commonly criticized randomness of the nanomaterials prepared by laser ablation in liquid, were proved useful for realization of anti-counterfeiting labels based on physically unclonable function approach.
description: 10 pages; 4 figures
The contribution of magnetized galactic outflows to extragalactic Faraday rotation
Creators: name: Aramburo-Garcia, Andres
name: Bondarenko, Kyrylo
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Neronov, Andrii
name: Scaife, Anna
name: Sokolenko, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic outflows driven by star formation and active galactic nuclei blow bubbles into their local environments, causing galactic magnetic fields to be carried into intergalactic space. We explore the redshift-dependent effect of these magnetized bubbles on the Faraday Rotation Measure (RM) of extragalactic radio sources. Using the IllustrisTNG cosmological simulations, we separate the contribution from magnetic bubbles from that of the volume-filling magnetic component expected to be due to the seed field originating in the Early Universe. We use this separation to extract the redshift dependence of each component and to compare TNG model predictions with observation measurements of the NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS). We find that magnetized bubbles provide a sizeable contribution to the extragalactic RM, with redshift-independent $\langle |{\rm RM}| \rangle \simeq 13$ rad/m$^2$ for sources at redshifts $z\ge 2$. This is close to the mean residual RM of $16$ rad/m$^2$ found from NVSS data in this redshift range. Using the IllustrisTNG simulations, we also evaluate a simple model for the contribution to residual RM from individual host galaxies and show that this contribution is negligible at high-redshift. While the contribution from magnetic bubbles in the IllustrisTNG model is currently compatible with observational measurements of residual RM, the next-generation RM sky surveys, which will be free from the wrapping uncertainty, have larger statistics and better sensitivity should be able to observe predicted flat contribution from magnetic bubbles at large redshifts. This should allow to experimentally probe magnetic bubbles and check models of galaxy feedback in cosmological simulations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Second-order accuracy metrics for scoring models and their practical use
Creators: name: Pomazanov, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The paper proposes new second-order accuracy metrics for scoring or rating models, which show the target preference of the model, it is better to diagnose good objects or better to diagnose bad ones for a constant generally accepted predictive power determined by the first order metric that is known as the Gini index. There are two metrics, they have both an integral representation and a numerical one. The numerical representation of metrics is of two types, the first of which is based on binary events to evaluate the model, the second on the default probability given by the model. Comparison of the results of calculating the metrics allows you to validate the calibration settings of the scoring or rating model and reveals its distortions. The article provides examples of calculating second-order accuracy metrics for ratings of several rating agencies, as well as for the well known approach to calibration based on van der Burg's ROC curves.
description: 14 pages, 7 figure
All-Loop Four-Point Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena Amplitudes from Dimensional Reduction of the Amplituhedron
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Kuo, Chia-Kai
name: Li, Zhenjie
name: Zhang, Yao-Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a new geometry obtained from the all-loop amplituhedron in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM by reducing its four-dimensional external and loop momenta to three dimensions. Focusing on the simplest four-point case, we provide strong evidence that the canonical form of this ``reduced amplituhedron" gives the all-loop integrand of the ABJM four-point amplitude. In addition to various all-loop cuts manifested by the geometry, we present explicitly new results for the integrand up to five loops, which are much simpler than results in ${\cal N}=4$ SYM. One of the reasons for such all-loop simplifications is that only a very small fraction of the so-called negative geometries survive the dimensional reduction, which corresponds to bipartite graphs. Our results suggest an unexpected relation between four-point amplitudes in these two theories.
description: 5 pages + appendices, version accepted in PRL
Collaborative planning for post-disaster reconstruction in Italy
Creators: name: Mashiko, Tomoyuki
name: Guarino, Monia
name: Franz, Gianfranco
name: Satoh, Shigeru
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Community participation after a disaster is widely acknowledged to be crucial in both mitigation and reconstruction planning; however, to date very little research has been done on collaborative planning in a post-disaster context. This paper addresses the issue of collaborative planning for post-disaster reconstruction to effectively facilitate community participatory processes. First, we surveyed the characteristics of community participation for post-disaster reconstruction in Italy. Second, we studied the regional legislative regulations for reconstruction in Emilia-Romagna. Third, we compared the community participation and formulation processes of reconstruction planning tools used by communities. Lastly, we verified the dynamic mechanism of the town of Novi di Modena’s reconstruction planning process by using an evaluation framework with two axes: stage of planning process and community participation level. As a conclusion, we identified three key factors that encourage collaborative planning for reconstruction. The first key factor is the timing of the participatory process must be well managed. The second is a participatory proposal shared with citizens, which must be considered the guiding document for local development. The third key factor is regeneration scenarios for the whole territory considering the different periods must be defined, as well as the implementation strategies and tactics for each urban core.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
MPEC 2023-O61 : 2023 OE1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OE1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
$Q\widetilde{Q}$-systems for twisted quantum affine algebras
Creators: name: Wang, Keyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the $Q \widetilde{Q}$-systems for the twisted quantum affine algebras that were conjectured in arXiv:1606.05301. We develop the representation theory of Borel subalgebra of twisted quantum affine algebras and we construct their prefundamental representations. We also propose a general conjecture on the relations between twisted and non-twisted types. We prove this conjecture for some particular classes of representations, including prefundamental representations.
description: 39 pages
Effect of Geomagnetism on 101Ru Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Measurements of CeRu2
Creators: name: Manago, Masahiro
name: Ishida, Kenji
name: Matsuda, Tatsuma D.
name: Ōnuki, Yoshichika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed 101Ru nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) measurements on the s-wave superconductor CeRu2 and found oscillatory behavior in the spin-echo amplitude at the +-1/2 +-3/2 transitions but not at the +-3/2 +-5/2 transitions. The modulation disappears in the superconducting state or in a magnetic shield, which implies a geomagnetic field effect. Our results indicate that the NQR spin-echo decay curve at the +-1/2 +-3/2 transitions is sensitive to a weak magnetic field.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Axion dark matter: strings and their cores
Creators: name: Fleury, Leesa
name: Moore, Guy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Axions constitute a well-motivated dark matter candidate, and if PQ symmetry breaking occurred after inflation, it should be possible to make a clean prediction for the relation between the axion mass and the axion dark matter density. We show that axion (or other global) string networks in 3D have a network density that depends logarithmically on the string separation-to-core ratio. This logarithm would be about 10 times larger in axion cosmology than what we can achieve in numerical simulations. We simulate axion production in the early Universe, finding that, for the separation-to-core ratios we can achieve, the changing density of the network has little impact on the axion production efficiency.
description: 23 pages plus appendices, 17 figures
Vortex phase dynamics in yttrium superhydride YH$_6$ at megabar pressures
Creators: name: Sadakov, A. V.
name: Vlasenko, V. A.
name: Troyan, I. A.
name: Sobolevskiy, O. A.
name: Semenok, D. V.
name: Zhou, Di
name: Pudalov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comprehensive study of the vortex phases and vortex dynamics is presented for a recently discovered high-temperature superconductor YH$_6$ with T$_C$ (onset) of 215 K under pressure of 200 GPa.Thermal activation energy (U$_0$) is derived in the framework of thermally activated flux flow (TAFF) theory. The activation energy yields a power law dependence U$_0$ $\propto$ H$^α$ on magnetic field with a possible crossover at a field around 8-10 Tesla. Furthermore, we have depicted the vortex phase transition from vortex-glass to vortex-liquid state according to the vortex-glass theory. Finally, vortex phase diagram is constructed for the first time for superhydrides. Very high estimated values of flux flow barriers U$_0$(H) = 1.5-7*10$^4$ K together with high crossover fields makes YH$_6$ a rather outstanding superconductor as compared to most cuprates and iron-based systems. The Ginzburg number for YH$_6$ Gi = 3-7*10$^{-3}$ indicates that thermal fluctuations are not so strong and cannot broaden superconducting transitions in weak magnetic fields.
Evolution of spatial planning strategies at Australian university campuses 1945-2017
Creators: name: Freestone, Robert
name: Pullan, Nicola
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: The design of the university campus is often seen as a microcosm of broader city planning trends. The university is now a global institution but this paper specifically explores trends in Australian university campus planning across several decades of political, institutional, economic, social and environmental change since the late 1940s. At mid-twentieth century campuses were legacy sites embodying design fashions from the past and awaited the exponential growth in demand for tertiary education which came in the post-war period when completely new campuses were also developed. A benchmark paradigm in campus and city planning from the late 1940s was master planning, denoting comprehensive, all-of-a-piece integrated blueprints. While the idea of holistic spatial strategies has not completely lapsed, campus planning processes have become more fluid, targeted and opportunistic, just as city planning generally has become more creative and flexible in dealing with faster rates of economic, social, technological, environmental and educational change. Our brief survey covers the major phase of post-war university development, a parallel and intersecting set of design epochs, and identification of some of the leading designers of the boom period through and on either side of the 1960s.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Environmental dependence of the mass-metallicity relation in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Kai
name: Wang, Xin
name: Chen, Yangyao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the environmental dependence of the gas-phase metallicity for galaxies at $z=0$ to $z\gtrsim 2$ and the underlying physical mechanisms driving this dependence using state-of-the-art cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We find that, at fixed stellar mass, central galaxies in massive halos have lower gas-phase metallicity than those in low-mass halos. On the contrary, satellite galaxies residing in more massive halos are more metal-rich. The combined effect is that massive galaxies are more metal-poor in massive halos, and low-mass galaxies are more metal-rich in massive halos. By inspecting the environmental dependence of other galaxy properties, we identify that the accretion of low-metallicity gas is responsible for the environmental dependence of central galaxies at high $z$, whereas the AGN feedback processes play a crucial role at low $z$. For satellite galaxies, we find that both the suppression of gas accretion and the stripping of existing gas are responsible for their environmental dependence, with negligible effect from the AGN feedback. Finally, we show that the difference of gas-phase metallicity as a function of stellar mass between protocluster and field galaxies agrees with recent observational results, for example from the MAMMOTH-Grism survey.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, ApJ 951 66
Eight-dimensional topological systems simulated using time-space crystalline structures
Creators: name: Braver, Yakov
name: Anisimovas, Egidijus
name: Sacha, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility of using time-space crystalline structures to simulate eight-dimensional systems based on only two physical dimensions. A suitable choice of system parameters allows us to obtain a gapped energy spectrum, making topological effects become relevant. The nontrivial topology of the system is evinced by considering the adiabatic state pumping along temporal and spatial crystalline directions. Analysis of the system is facilitated by rewriting the system Hamiltonian in a tight-binding form, thereby putting space, time, and the additional synthetic dimensions on an equal footing.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
In-orbit background simulation of a type-B CATCH satellite
Creators: name: Xiao, Jingyu
name: Qi, Liqiang
name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Tao, Lian
name: Li, Zhengwei
name: Zhang, Juan
name: Wen, Xiangyang
name: Yin, Qian-Qing
name: Yang, Yanji
name: Bu, Qingcui
name: Yang, Sheng
name: Liu, Xiaojing
name: Huang, Yiming
name: Chen, Wen
name: Yang, Yong
name: Liu, Huaqiu
name: Xu, Yibo
name: Zhao, Shujie
name: Zhang, Xuan
name: Li, Panping
name: Zhao, Kang
name: Ma, Ruican
name: Zhao, Qingchang
name: Tang, Ruijing
name: Rao, Jinhui
name: Li, Yajun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Chasing All Transients Constellation Hunters (CATCH) space mission plans to launch three types of micro-satellites (A, B, and C). The type-B CATCH satellites are dedicated to locating transients and detecting their time-dependent energy spectra. A type-B satellite is equipped with lightweight Wolter-I X-ray optics and an array of position-sensitive multi-pixel Silicon Drift Detectors. To optimize the scientific payloads for operating properly in orbit and performing the observations with high sensitivities, this work performs an in-orbit background simulation of a type-B CATCH satellite using the Geant4 toolkit. It shows that the persistent background is dominated by the cosmic X-ray diffuse background and the cosmic-ray protons. The dynamic background is also estimated considering trapped charged particles in the radiation belts and low-energy charged particles near the geomagnetic equator, which is dominated by the incident electrons outside the aperture. The simulated persistent background within the focal spot is used to estimate the observation sensitivity, i.e. 4.22$\times$10$^{-13}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ with an exposure of 10$^{4}$ s and a Crab-like source spectrum, which can be utilized further to optimize the shielding design. The simulated in-orbit background also suggests that the magnetic diverter just underneath the optics may be unnecessary in this kind of micro-satellites, because the dynamic background induced by charged particles outside the aperture is around 3 orders of magnitude larger than that inside the aperture.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy
Magnon Hall effect in antiferromagnetic lattices
Creators: name: de Oliveira, P. G.
name: Pires, A. S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topology applied to condensed matter is an important area of research and technology, and topological magnetic excitations have recently become an active field of study. This paper presents a general discussion of magnon Hall transport in two-dimensional antiferromagnets. Although the Chern number is zero for a collinear antiferromagnet, we offer a general discussion that can be used in the more general case. First, we study the Union Jack lattice, where an effective time-reversal symmetry is broken, making the system display the magnon Hall effect. Then, we investigate the brick-wall lattice where such symmetry is present. Consequently, we have a phenomenon similar to the quantum spin Hall effect in electronic systems. Both lattices have not yet been studied from the topological point of view. The coexistence of opposite spin polarization in an antiferromagnet resembles the electron spin in various transport phenomena. We study magnon transport in the lattices mentioned above with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and easy-axis single-ion anisotropy. We calculate the Berry curvature from the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian. From that, we plot the spin Hall and thermal Hall conductivities, as well as the spin Nernst coefficient, as functions of the temperature. In the Union Jack lattice, we treat the effect of anharmonic interactions using a mean-field spin wave theory where the Hamiltonian becomes implicitly temperature-dependent. We determine self-consistently the renormalized dispersion and the staggered magnetization as a function of temperature. Our calculations can be applied to other antiferromagnetic lattices.
A Model for Pseudo-Dirac Neutrinos: Leptogenesis and Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos
Creators: name: Ahn, Y. H.
name: Kang, Sin Kyu
name: Kim, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model where sterile neutrinos are introduced to make light neutrinos to be pseudo-Dirac particles. It is shown how tiny mass splitting necessary for realizing pseudo-Dirac neutrinos can be achieved. Within the model, we show how leptogenesis can be successfully generated. Motivated by the recent observation of very high energy neutrino events at IceCube, we study a possibility to observe the effects of the pseudo-Dirac property of neutrinos by performing astronomical-scale baseline experiments to uncover the oscillation effects of very tiny mass splitting. Using the result of global fit to neutrino data for the input of neutrino mixing angles and CP phase at $1σ$ C.L. and fixing neutrino energy and mass splittings, we study how the oscillation effects induced by pseudo-Dirac neutrinos may affect the track-to-shower ratio obtained from IceCube data. We also discuss future prospect to observe the effects of the pseudo-Dirac property of neutrinos at high energy neutrino experiments.
description: the version to be published in JHEP (2016), 23 pages, 13 figures, references and 8 figures added
SCRUB and LCRI
Creators: name: Meis, Julia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Policy
subject: Public Affairs
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Experimental Analysis of Behavior
subject: Environmental Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: behavioural insights
subject: behaviour science
subject: covid-19
subject: environmental psychology
subject: LCRI
subject: low carbon living
subject: scrub
subject: social psychology
subject: wellbeing

description: Here we preregister our research questions and hypotheses regarding data from Wave 5 of the SCRUB survey (www.scrubcovid19.org). We are interested to find out how Australians readiness to transit to a low carbon lifestyle has changed due to COVID 19 compared to previous years (2015-2018). The analyses primarily refer to a merged dataset where patterns in the SCRUB data can be compared to this previously collected baseline.
Bibliographie der Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde von Stadt und Kanton Zürich: 1. Juni 1956 bis 31. März 1957
Creators: name: Walser, Oscar
Publisher: name: [Buchdruckerei a/d. Sihl A.-G.]
Year: 1957
Subjects: subject: 010 Bibliografie
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Zürich
subject: Bibliografie
subject: Geschichte
subject: Landeskunde
subject: Volkskunde

description: Separatdruck aus dem "Zürcher Taschenbuch" auf das Jahr 1958.
Generalised universality of gauge thresholds in heterotic vacua with and without supersymmetry
Creators: name: Angelantonj, Carlo
name: Florakis, Ioannis
name: Tsulaia, Mirian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one-loop quantum corrections to gauge couplings in heterotic vacua with spontaneous supersymmetry breaking. Although in non-supersymmetric constructions these corrections are not protected and are typically model dependent, we show how a universal behaviour of threshold differences, typical of supersymmetric vacua, may still persist. We formulate specific conditions on the way supersymmetry should be broken for this to occur. Our analysis implies a generalised notion of threshold universality even in the case of unbroken supersymmetry, whenever extra charged massless states appear at enhancement points in the bulk of moduli space. Several examples with universality, including non-supersymmetric chiral models in four dimensions, are presented.
description: 33 pages
Is Your Model "MADD"? A Novel Metric to Evaluate Algorithmic Fairness for Predictive Student Models
Creators: name: Verger, Mélina
name: Lallé, Sébastien
name: Bouchet, François
name: Luengo, Vanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predictive student models are increasingly used in learning environments due to their ability to enhance educational outcomes and support stakeholders in making informed decisions. However, predictive models can be biased and produce unfair outcomes, leading to potential discrimination against some students and possible harmful long-term implications. This has prompted research on fairness metrics meant to capture and quantify such biases. Nonetheless, so far, existing fairness metrics used in education are predictive performance-oriented, focusing on assessing biased outcomes across groups of students, without considering the behaviors of the models nor the severity of the biases in the outcomes. Therefore, we propose a novel metric, the Model Absolute Density Distance (MADD), to analyze models' discriminatory behaviors independently from their predictive performance. We also provide a complementary visualization-based analysis to enable fine-grained human assessment of how the models discriminate between groups of students. We evaluate our approach on the common task of predicting student success in online courses, using several common predictive classification models on an open educational dataset. We also compare our metric to the only predictive performance-oriented fairness metric developed in education, ABROCA. Results on this dataset show that: (1) fair predictive performance does not guarantee fair models' behaviors and thus fair outcomes, (2) there is no direct relationship between data bias and predictive performance bias nor discriminatory behaviors bias, and (3) trained on the same data, models exhibit different discriminatory behaviors, according to different sensitive features too. We thus recommend using the MADD on models that show satisfying predictive performance, to gain a finer-grained understanding on how they behave and to refine models selection and their usage.
description: 12 pages, conference
Stellar parametrization from Gaia RVS spectra
Creators: name: Recio-Blanco, A.
name: de Laverny, P.
name: Prieto, C. Allende
name: Fustes, D.
name: Manteiga, M.
name: Arcay, B.
name: Bijaoui, A.
name: Dafonte, C.
name: Ordenovic, C.
name: Blanco, D. Ordoñez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the myriad of data collected by the ESA Gaia satellite, about 150 million spectra will be delivered by the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) for stars as faint as G_RVS~16. A specific stellar parametrization will be performed for most of these RVS spectra. Some individual chemical abundances will also be estimated for the brightest targets. We describe the different parametrization codes that have been specifically developed or adapted for RVS spectra within the GSP-spec working group of the analysis consortium. The tested codes are based on optimization (FERRE and GAUGUIN), projection (MATISSE) or pattern recognition methods (Artificial Neural Networks). We present and discuss their expected performances in the recovered stellar atmospheric parameters (Teff, log(g), [M/H]) for B- to K- type stars. The performances for the determinations of [alpha/Fe] ratios are also presented for cool stars. For all the considered stellar types, stars brighter than G_RVS~12.5 will be very efficiently parametrized by the GSP-spec pipeline, including solid estimations of [alpha/Fe]. Typical internal errors for FGK metal-rich and metal-intermediate stars are around 40K in Teff , 0.1dex in log(g), 0.04dex in [M/H], and 0.03dex in [alpha/Fe] at G_RVS=10.3. Similar accuracies in Teff and [M/H] are found for A-type stars, while the log(g) derivation is more accurate. For the faintest stars, with G_RVS>13-14, a spectrophotometric Teff input will allow the improvement of the final GSP-spec parametrization. The reported results show that the contribution of the RVS based stellar parameters will be unique in the brighter part of the Gaia survey allowing crucial age estimations, and accurate chemical abundances. This will constitute a unique and precious sample for which many pieces of the Milky Way history puzzle will be available, with unprecedented precision and statistical relevance.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Urban renewal planning practice and form in early-modern Guangxi (1925-1936)
Creators: name: Ji, Li
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Aiming at the old cities renovation planning practice by Guangxi Government with their military and political power from the 1920s to the 1930s, who were local warlords before and formed the New Kwai Clique ruling with Three People’s Principles and Material Development Planning under the guidance of Sun Zhongshan, the paper analyzes the evolution Characteristics of urban form in the four major cities, which was Wuzhou, Liuzhou, Nanning and Guilin, includes that demolishing the walls, constructing ring roads at the original sites, straightening streets of cities, expanding and changing them to roads, then building arcades on both sides to escape the rain and the sun, and finally adding the public facilities with drainage, docks, water and power supply, and so on, that could be considered as existed old city reconstruction with gradual developments. And it also shows that planning criss-cross roads network in a new district outside the old cities of the jumping rhythm by with new urban core. Either the former or the latter were both applying western planning theories for the purpose of improving and beautifying the urban environment. While presenting different urban forms, it could be sum up that the pattern went to the style “Streets City
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Time-like Gravitational Formfactors and Shear Viscosity
Creators: name: Teryaev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gravitational formfactor similar to shear viscosity is identified. In the time-like region it corresponds to the contribution of exotic hybrid meson. The exotic quantum numbers may be considered as a counterpart of dissipation in crossed channel. The ratio of viscosity to entropy density is estimated. The smallness due to holographic bound corresponds to the relative smallness of coupling of hybrid meson and the intrinsic transverse momentum, being the dynamical counterpart of temperature.
description: 4 pages, no figures, parallel session keynote talk at the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021)
Effective Static and Adaptive Carrier Sensing for Dense Wireless CSMA Networks
Creators: name: Chau, Chi-Kin
name: Ho, Ivan W. H.
name: Situ, Zhenhui
name: Liew, Soung Chang
name: Zhang, Jialiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasingly dense deployments of wireless CSMA networks arising from applications of Internet-of-things call for an improvement to mitigate the interference among simultaneous transmitting wireless devices. For cost efficiency and backward compatibility with legacy transceiver hardware, a simple approach to address interference is by appropriately configuring the carrier sensing thresholds in wireless CSMA protocols, particularly in dense wireless networks. Most prior studies of the configuration of carrier sensing thresholds are based on a simplified conflict graph model, whereas this paper considers a realistic signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio model. We provide a comprehensive study for two effective wireless CSMA protocols: Cumulative-interference-Power Carrier Sensing and Incremental-interference-Power Carrier Sensing, in two aspects: (1) static approach that sets a universal carrier sensing threshold to ensure interference-safe transmissions regardless of network topology, and (2) adaptive approach that adjusts the carrier sensing thresholds dynamically based on the feedback of nearby transmissions. We also provide simulation studies to evaluate the starvation ratio, fairness, and goodput of our approaches.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Gravitational orbits, double-twist mirage, and many-body scars
Creators: name: Dodelson, Matthew
name: Zhiboedov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the implications of stable gravitational orbits around an AdS black hole for the boundary conformal field theory. The orbits are long-lived states that eventually decay due to gravitational radiation and tunneling. They appear as narrow resonances in the heavy-light OPE when the spectrum becomes effectively continuous due to the presence of the black hole horizon. Alternatively, they can be identified with quasi-normal modes with small imaginary part in the thermal two-point function. The two pictures are related via the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis. When the decay effects can be neglected the orbits appear as a discrete family of double-twist operators. We investigate the connection between orbits, quasi-normal modes, and double-twist operators in detail. Using the corrected Bohr-Sommerfeld formula for quasi-normal modes, we compute the anomalous dimension of double-twist operators. We compare our results to the prediction of the light-cone bootstrap, finding perfect agreement where the results overlap. We also compute the orbit decay time due to scalar radiation and compare it to the tunneling rate. Perturbatively in spin, in the light-cone bootstrap framework double-twist operators appear as a small fraction of the Hilbert space which violate the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, a phenomenon known as many-body scars. Nonperturbatively in spin, the double-twist operators become long-lived states that eventually thermalize. We briefly discuss the connection between perturbative scars in holographic theories and known examples of scars in the condensed matter literature.
description: 45 pages + appendices, 4 figures. v2: typos corrected and references added
Dissipative timescales from coarse-graining irreversibility
Creators: name: Cisneros, Freddy A.
name: Fakhri, Nikta
name: Horowitz, Jordan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and investigate a method for identifying timescales of dissipation in nonequilibrium steady states modeled as discrete-state Markov jump processes. The method is based on how the irreversibility-measured by the statistical breaking of time-reversal symmetry-varies under temporal coarse-graining. We observe a sigmoidal-like shape of the irreversibility as a function of the coarse-graining time whose functional form we derive for systems with a fast driven transition. This theoretical prediction allows us to develop a method for estimating the dissipative time scale from time-series data by fitting estimates of the irreversibility to our predicted functional form. We further analyze the accuracy and statistical fluctuations of this estimate.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures