cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variational certification of quantum devices
Creators: name: Kundu, Akash
name: Miszczak, Jarosław Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the requirements imposed on the realistic quantum computers is to provide computation results which can be repeated and reproduced. In the situation when one needs to repeat the quantum computation procedure several times, it is crucial that the copies of the quantum devices are similar in the sense of the produced results. In this work, we describe a simple procedure based on variational quantum eigensolver which can be utilized to compare quantum devices. The procedure is developed by combining Choi-Jamiołkowski isomorphism with the variational hybrid quantum-classical procedure for matrix diagonalization. We compare the introduced procedure with the scheme based on the standard bounds for the similarity between quantum operations by analysing its action on random quantum channels. We also discuss the sensitivity of the described procedure to the noise, and we provide numerical results demonstrating its feasibility in realistic scenarios by running the procedure on IBM quantum computer.
description: accepted version, 11 pages, 9 figures, revtex4-2, accompanying code available at 10.5281/zenodo.5804364
On families of constrictions in model of overdamped Josephson junction and Painlevé 3 equation
Creators: name: Bibilo, Yulia
name: Glutsyuk, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34M03, 34A26, 34E15

description: The tunneling effect predicted by B.Josephson (Nobel Prize, 1973) concerns the Josephson junction: two superconductors separated by a narrow dielectric. It states existence of a supercurrent through it and equations governing it. The overdamped Josephson junction is modeled by a family of differential equations on 2-torus depending on 3 parameters: $B$ (abscissa), $A$ (ordinate), $ω$ (frequency). We study its rotation number $ρ(B,A;ω)$ as a function of $(B,A)$ with fixed $ω$. The phase-lock areas are the level sets $L_r:=\{ρ=r\}$ with non-empty interiors; they exist for $r\in\mathbb Z$ (Buchstaber, Karpov, Tertychnyi). Each $L_r$ is an infinite chain of domains going vertically to infinity and separated by points called constrictions (expect for those with $A=0$). We show that: 1) all the constrictions in $L_r$ lie in its axis $\{ B=ωr\}$ (confirming a conjecture of Tertychnyi, Kleptsyn, Filimonov, Schurov); 2) each constriction is positive: some its punctured neighborhood in the vertical line lies in $\operatorname{Int}(L_r)$ (confirming another conjecture). We first prove deformability of each constriction to another one, with arbitrarily small $ω$, of the same $ρ$, $\ell:=\frac Bω$ and type (positive or not), using equivalent description of model by linear systems of differential equations on $\bar{\mathbb C}$ (Buchstaber, Karpov, Tertychnyi) and studying their isomonodromic deformations described by Painlevé 3 equations. Then non-existence of ghost constrictions (i.e., constrictions either with $ρ\neq\ell$, or of non-positive type) with a given $\ell$ for small $ω$ is proved by slow-fast methods. In Section 6 we present applications of results and elaborated methods and open problems.
description: 73 pages, 10 figures
The role of anticipatory images in the academic success of low-income, inner city students
Creators: name: Davy, James M.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2018

description: Lower levels of academic achievement and educational progress of low-income, inner city students is an affront to human dignity, a waste of human capital, and a threat to our democracy.  Despite structural teaching and learning reforms, which have improved the academic success of low-income, inner city students in recent years, large numbers of urban students fail to graduate from high school (NCES, 2018f). Because poverty contributes to low academic achievement, some advocates argue that the academic achievement and progress of poor, inner city students will never improve unless and until structural reforms are enacted to address the effects of poverty and the social and economic inequalities they and their families face (Anyon, 2005; Berliner, 2006; Duncan & Murnane, 2014; Putnam, 2015). While the fight for structural change continues as it should, we must also include in the “family of ideas” (C. Anderson, Turner, Heath, & Payne, 2016) innovative approaches to improving the academic achievement and progress of low-income, inner city students. This study examined the role anticipatory images play in the academic achievement of such students. The anticipatory principle (Cooperrider, 1990) and theory of prospection (M. E. P. Seligman, Railton, Baumeister, & Sripada, 2013) suggest that humans project images ahead of themselves and then use them to guide their actions and behavior. Predicated on the notion that lessons that can be learned from high academically achieving urban students, ten students who graduated from the Newark Public Schools at or near the top of their class and continued to excel in college, as well as the one person in each of their lives who most influenced their educational progress were interviewed to determine whether anticipatory images were integral to their academic success. This study found that high academically achieving students do engage in a psychological process of framing positive anticipatory images of the future with the help of key people in their lives and use them to progress in the direction of their dreams. From an early age, students should be taught anticipatory competence skills and techniques to improve their academic performance and achieve their educational goals.
Correction to: Gravity Field Modeling Using Tesseroids with Variable Density in the Vertical Direction
Creators: name: Lin, Miao
name: Denker, Heiner
name: Müller, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media B.V
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: The article: “Gravity Field Modeling Using Tesseroids with Variable Density in the Vertical Direction”, written by Miao Lin, Heiner Denker and Jürgen Müller, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 26 March 2020 without open access.
On the contrast-dependence of crowding
Creators: name: Rodriguez, A
name: Granger, R
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Visual clutter affects our ability to see: objects that would be identifiable on their own, may become unrecognizable when presented close together ("crowding") -- but the psychophysical characteristics of crowding have resisted simplification. Image properties initially thought to produce crowding have paradoxically yielded unexpected results, e.g., adding flanking objects can ameliorate crowding (Manassi, Sayim et al., 2012; Herzog, Sayim et al., 2015; Pachai, Doerig et al., 2016). The resulting theory revisions have been sufficiently complex and specialized as to make it difficult to discern what principles may underlie the observed phenomena. A generalized formulation of simple visual contrast energy is presented, arising from straightforward analyses of center and surround neurons in the early visual stream. Extant contrast measures, such as RMS contrast, are easily shown to fall out as reduced special cases. The new generalized contrast energy metric surprisingly predicts the principal findings of a broad range of crowding studies. These early crowding phenomena may thus be said to arise predominantly from contrast, or are, at least, severely confounded by contrast effects. (These findings may be distinct from accounts of other, likely downstream, "configural" or "semantic" instances of crowding, suggesting at least two separate forms of crowding that may resist unification.) The new fundamental contrast energy formulation provides a candidate explanatory framework that addresses multiple psychophysical phenomena beyond crowding.
description: Journal of Vision, in press
How to commute
Creators: name: Aste, Andreas
name: Chung, Won Sang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple exposition of the rarely discussed fact that a set of free boson fields describing different, i.e. kinematically different particle types can be quantized with mutual anticommutation relations is given by the explicit construction of the Klein transformations changing anticommutation relations into commutation relations. The q-analog of the presented results is also treated. The analogous situation for two independent free fermion fields with mutual commutation or anticommutation relations is briefly investigated.
description: 6 pages, Latex, one new chapter and a new contributing author added
Laser-Driven Anharmonic Oscillator: Ground-State Dissociation of the Helium Hydride Molecular Ion by Midinfrared Pulses
Creators: name: Wustelt, Philipp
name: Oppermann, Florian
name: Mhatre, Saurabh
name: Kübel, Matthias
name: Sayler, A. Max
name: Lein, Manfred
name: Gräfe, Stefanie
name: Paulus, Gerhard G.
Publisher: name: College Park, Md. : APS
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dissociation
subject: Excited states
subject: Hydrides
subject: Laser excitation
subject: Oscillators (mechanical)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: The vibrational motion of molecules represents a fundamental example of an anharmonic oscillator. Using a prototype molecular system, HeH+, we demonstrate that appropriate laser pulses make it possible to drive the nuclear motion in the anharmonic potential of the electronic ground state, increasing its energy above the potential barrier and facilitating dissociation by purely vibrational excitation. We find excellent agreement between the frequency-dependent response of the helium hydride molecular cation to both classical and quantum mechanical simulations, thus removing any ambiguities through electronic excitation. Our results provide access to the rich dynamics of anharmonic quantum oscillator systems and pave the way to state-selective control schemes in ground-state chemistry by the adequate choice of the laser parameters.
Active Electric Dipole Energy Sources: Transduction via Electric Scalar and Vector Potentials
Creators: name: Tobar, Michael E.
name: Chiao, Raymond Y.
name: Goryachev, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An active electrical network contains a voltage or current source that creates electromagnetic energy through a method of transduction that enables the separation of opposite polarity charges from an external source. The end result is the creation of an active dipole with a permanent polarisation and a non-zero electric vector curl. The external energy input impresses a force per unit charge within the voltage source, to form an active physical dipole in the static case, or an active Hertzian dipole in the time dependent case. This system is the dual of an electromagnet or permanent magnet excited by a circulating electrical current or fictitious bound current respectively, which supplies a magnetomotive force described by a magnetic vector potential with a magnetic geometric phase proportional to the enclosed magnetic flux. In contrast, the active electric dipole may be described macroscopically by a circulating fictitious magnetic current boundary source described by an electric vector potential with an electric geometric phase proportional to the enclosed electric flux density. This macroscopic description of an active dipole is an average description of some underlying microscopic description exhibiting emergent nonconservative behaviour not found in classical conservative laws of electrodynamics. We show that the electromotive force produced by an active dipole must have both electric scalar and vector potential components to account for the magnitude of the voltage it produces. Following this we analyse an active cylindrical dipole in terms of scalar and vector potential and confirm that the electromotive force produced, and hence potential difference across the terminals is a combination of vector and scalar potential difference depending on aspect ratio of the dipole.
description: Accepted version
A twistor space action for Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Popov, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: Ridge, NY : American Physical Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: self-duality
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: We consider the twistor space P6≅R4×CP1 of R4 with a nonintegrable almost complex structure J such that the canonical bundle of the almost complex manifold (P6,J) is trivial. It is shown that J-holomorphic Chern-Simons theory on a real (6|2)-dimensional graded extension P6|2 of the twistor space P6 is equivalent to self-dual Yang-Mills theory on Euclidean space R4 with Lorentz invariant action. It is also shown that adding a local term to a Chern-Simons-type action on P6|2, one can extend it to a twistor action describing full Yang-Mills theory.
Supplementary data for "Parameters, architecture, and emergent properties of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa LasI/LasR quorum-sensing circuit"
Creators: name: Schuster, Martin
name: Li, Christina
name: Smith, Parker
name: Kuttler, Christina
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quorum sensing is a widespread process in bacteria that controls collective behaviours in response to cell density. Populations of cells coordinate gene expression through the perception of self-produced chemical signals. Although this process is well-characterized genetically and biochemically, quantitative information about network properties, including induction dynamics and steady-state behaviour, is scarce. Here we integrate experiments with mathematical modelling to quantitatively analyze the LasI/LasR quorum sensing pathway in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We determine key kinetic parameters of the pathway and, using the parametrized model, show that quorum sensing behaves as a bistable switch, with stable on and off-states. We investigate the significance of feedback architecture and find that positive feedback on signal production is critical for induction dynamics and bistability, whereas positive feedback on receptor expression and negative feedback on signal production play a minor role. Taken together, our data-based modelling approach reveals fundamental and emergent properties of a bacterial quorum sensing circuit, and provides evidence that native quorum sensing can indeed function as the gene expression switch it is commonly perceived to be.
Engagement without recognition as a way of protecting refugees in unrecognized states: a comparison between the ROC and the TRNC
Creators: name: Hamidreza Monibi
name: Muhabbat Rozmamedova
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: 180116 International Law (excl. International Trade Law)
subject: FOS: Law

description: In this research, we tried to find the answer to the question whether and how state recognition affects the protection of refugees. This issue is one of the most puzzling aspects of International Relations. Answering it illuminates questions regarding recognition, the possibilities of engagement without recognition and its implication for the protection of refugees. It sheds light on debates over recognition and its implications for statehood and subjection to International Law. It also shows the degree to which human rights are applicable in unrecognized states. Engagement without recognition is one answer, and in our opinion, the most logical answer, to the problem. The solution involves the engagement of relevant IGOs as well as states in solving the problem of refugee protection in unrecognized states, without recognizing these entities.
Effective out-of-plane g-factor in strained-Ge/SiGe quantum dots
Creators: name: Miller, Andrew J.
name: Brickson, Mitchell
name: Hardy, Will J.
name: Liu, Chia-You
name: Li, Jiun-Yun
name: Baczewski, Andrew
name: Lilly, Michael P.
name: Lu, Tzu-Ming
name: Luhman, Dwight R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, lithographic quantum dots in strained-Ge/SiGe have become a promising candidate for quantum computation, with a remarkably quick progression from demonstration of a quantum dot to qubit logic demonstrations. Here we present a measurement of the out-of-plane $g$-factor for single-hole quantum dots in this material. As this is a single-hole measurement, this is the first experimental result that avoids the strong orbital effects present in the out-of-plane configuration. In addition to verifying the expected $g$-factor anisotropy between in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic ($B$)-fields, variations in the $g$-factor dependent on the occupation of the quantum dot are observed. These results are in good agreement with calculations of the $g$-factor using the heavy- and light-hole spaces of the Luttinger Hamiltonian, especially the first two holes, showing a strong spin-orbit coupling and suggesting dramatic $g$-factor tunability through both the $B$-field and the charge state.
Quantum Anomalous Hall Insulator of Composite Fermions
Creators: name: Zhang, Yinhan
name: Shi, Junren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a weak hexagonal periodic potential could transform a two-dimensional electron gas with an even-denominator magnetic filling factor to a quantum anomalous Hall insulator of composite fermions, giving rise to fractionally quantized Hall effect. The system provides a realization of the Haldane honeycomb-net model, albeit in a composite fermion system. We further propose a trial wave function for the state, and numerically evaluate its relative stability against the competing Hofstadter state. Possible sets of experimental parameters are proposed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, detailed supplementary file added
Quantum Spin Liquid with Emergent Chiral Order in the Triangular-lattice Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Chen, Bin-Bin
name: Chen, Ziyu
name: Gong, Shou-Shu
name: Sheng, D. N.
name: Li, Wei
name: Weichselbaum, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between spin frustration and charge fluctuation gives rise to an exotic quantum state in the intermediate-interaction regime of the half-filled triangular-lattice Hubbard model, while the nature of the state is under debate. Using the density matrix renormalization group with SU(2)$_{\rm{spin}} \otimes $U(1)$_{\rm{charge}}$ symmetries implemented, we study the triangular-lattice Hubbard model defined on the long cylinder geometry up to circumference $W=6$. A gapped quantum spin liquid, with on-site interaction $9 \lesssim U / t \lesssim 10.75$, is identified between the metallic and the antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phases. In particular, we find that this spin liquid develops a robust long-range spin scalar-chiral correlation as the system length $L$ increases, which unambiguously unveils the spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. In addition, the degeneracy of the entanglement spectrum supports symmetry fractionalization and spinon edge modes in the obtained ground state. The possible origin of chiral order in this intermediate spin liquid and its relation to the rotonlike excitations have also been discussed.
description: 8+6 pages, 7+8 figures
Covariant tetraquark equations in quantum field theory
Creators: name: Kvinikhidze, A. N.
name: Blankleider, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive general covariant coupled equations of QCD describing the tetraquark in terms of a mix of four-quark states $2q2\bar q$, and two-quark states $q\bar q$. The coupling of $2q2\bar q$ to $q\bar q$ states is achieved by a simple contraction of a four-quark $q\bar q$-irreducible Green function down to a two-quark $q\bar q$ Bethe-Salpeter kernel. The resulting tetraquark equations are expressed in an exact field theoretic form, and are in agreement with those obtained previously by consideration of disconnected interactions; however, despite being more general, they have been derived here in a much simpler and more transparent way.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Spinorial geometry, horizons and superconformal symmetry in six dimensions
Creators: name: Akyol, M.
name: Papadopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spinorial geometry method of solving Killing spinor equations is reviewed as it applies to 6-dimensional (1,0) supergravity. In particular, it is explained how the method is used to identify both the fractions of supersymmetry preserved by and the geometry of all supersymmetric backgrounds. Then two applications are described to systems that exhibit superconformal symmetry. The first is the proof that some 6-dimensional black hole horizons are locally isometric to $AdS_3\times Σ^3$, where $Σ^3$ is diffeomeorphic to $S^3$. The second one is a description of all supersymmetric solutions of 6-dimensional (1,0) superconformal theories and in particular of their brane solitons.
description: 51 pages, accepted for publication in CQG, additional references added
Efimov Physics and Connections to Nuclear Physics
Creators: name: Kievsky, A.
name: Girlanda, L.
name: Gattobigio, M.
name: Viviani, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical systems characterized by a shallow two-body bound or virtual state are governed at large distances by a continuous-scale invariance, which is broken to a discrete one when three or more particles come into play. This symmetry induces a universal behavior for different systems, independent of the details of the underlying interaction, rooted in the smallness of the ratio $\ell/a_B \ll 1$, where the length $a_B$ is associated to the binding energy of the two-body system $E_2=\hbar^2/m a_B^2$ and $\ell$ is the natural length given by the interaction range. Efimov physics refers to this universal behavior, which is often hidden by the on-set of system-specific non-universal effects. In this work we identify universal properties by providing an explicit link of physical systems to their unitary limit, in which $a_B\rightarrow\infty$, and show that nuclear systems belong to this class of universality.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Light Echoes of Historic Transients
Creators: name: Rest, A.
name: Sinnott, B.
name: Welch, D. L.
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Bianco, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light echoes, light from a variable source scattered off dust, have been observed for over a century. The recent discovery of light echoes around centuries-old supernovae in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud have allowed the spectroscopic characterization of these events, even without contemporaneous photometry and spectroscopy using modern instrumentation. Here we review the recent scientific advances using light echoes of ancient and historic transients, and focus on our latest work on SN 1987A's and Eta Carinae's light echoes.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, IAU 296 conference proceedings
Agent for Autonomous Driving based on Simulation Theories
Creators: name: Don�, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: The field of automated vehicle demands outstanding reliability figures to be matched by the artificially driving agents. The software architectures commonly used originate from decades of automation engineering, when robots operated only in confined environments on predefined tasks. On the other hand, autonomous driving represents an ?into the wild? application for robotics. The architectures embraced until now may not be sufficiently robust to comply with such an ambitious goal. This research activity proposes a bio-inspired sensorimotor architecture for cognitive robots that addresses the lack of autonomy inherent to the rules-based paradigm. The new architecture finds its realization in an agent for autonomous driving named ?Co-driver?. The Agent synthesis was extensively inspired by biological principles that contribute to give the Co-driver some cognitive abilities. Worth to be mentioned are the ?simulation hypothesis of cognition? and the ?affordance competition hypothesis?. The former is mainly concerned with how the Agent builds its driving skills, whereas the latter yields an interpretable agent notwithstanding the complex behaviors produced. Throughout the essay, the Agent is explained in detail, together with the bottom-up learning framework adopted. Overall, the research effort bore an effectively performing autonomous driving agent whose underlying architecture provides considerable adaptation capability. The thesis also discusses the aspects related to the implementation of the proposed ideas into a versatile software that supports both simulation environments and real vehicle platforms. The step-by-step explanation of the Co-driver is made up of theoretical considerations supported by working simulation examples, some of which are also released open-source to the research community as a driving benchmark. Eventually, guidelines are given for future research activities that may originate from the Agent and the hierarchical training framework devised. First and foremost, the exploitation of the hierarchical training framework to discover optimized longer-term driving policies.
Nonlinear response for external field and perturbation in the Vlasov system
Creators: name: Ogawa, Shun
name: Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonlinear response theory is provided by use of the transient linearization method in the spatially one-dimensional Vlasov systems. The theory inclusively gives responses to external fields and to perturbations for initial stationary states, and is applicable even to the critical point of a second order phase transition. We apply the theory to the Hamiltonian mean-field model, a toy model of a ferromagnetic body, and investigate the critical exponent associated with the response to the external field at the critical point in particular. The obtained critical exponent is nonclassical value 3/2, while the classical value is 3. However, interestingly, one scaling relation holds with another nonclassical critical exponent of susceptibility in the isolated Vlasov systems. Validity of the theory is numerically confirmed by directly simulating temporal evolutions of the Vlasov equation.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E, Lemma 2 is corrected
Error-correction properties of an interacting topological insulator
Creators: name: Jamadagni, Amit
name: Weimer, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the phase diagram of a topological insulator model including antiferromagnetic interactions in the form of an extended Su-Schrieffer Heeger model. To this end, we employ a recently introduced operational definition of topological order based on the ability of a system to perform topological error correction. We show that the necessary error correction statistics can be obtained efficiently using a Monte-Carlo sampling of a matrix product state representation of the ground state wave function. Specifically, we identify two distinct symmetry-protected topological phases corresponding to two different fully dimerized reference states. Finally, we extend the notion of error correction to classify thermodynamic phases to those exhibiting local order parameters, finding a topologically trivial antiferromagnetic phase for sufficiently strong interactions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Roger Williams Park: Providence, Rhode Island's Response to the American Urban Parks Movement, 1868-1892
Creators: name: Barbeau, Laura Jo
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 1988

description: As a result of industrialization and growth, early nineteenth century urbanites began to lose accessible natural environments. Concern among the middle classes and social elite gave birth to the Rural Cemetery Movement in 1831, which spurred the creation of New York's Central Park in 1858. Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, it was the nation's first example of what became t he Urban Parks Movement. The movement embraced a new landscape aesthetic and philosophy focusing on man's relation to nature and the moral and social benefits of this relationship. Vital to this framework was a belief in the park's ability to improve the social behavior and artistic sensitivities of the lower and working classes. This case study examines how Providence, Rhode Island experienced the Urban Parks Movement from 1868 to 1892. During a three-phase process of implementation , conflict arose over issues of moral improvement, civic boosterism, and real estate speculation. After public debate concerning its location, Providence's first substantial public park, Roger Williams Park, was officially approved by the city government in 1872. Six years later the park was designed by Horace Cleveland in accordance with the landscape aesthetic of the Urban Parks Movement. Cleveland was an associate of Olmsted and one of the nation's few noteworthy nineteenth century landscape architects. This study has utilized primary sources such as mayoral correspondence , public addresses , annual reports, real estate deeds, and plot maps to trace Providence's park-making process. My study of Roger Williams Park concludes in 1892 with the completion of Cleveland's plan and the addition of three hundred acres to the park. This thesis shows how the development of an urban park is the product of particular social and cultural forces.
Director Deformations, Geometric Frustration, and Modulated Phases in Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Selinger, Jonathan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article analyzes modulated phases in liquid crystals, from the long-established cholesteric and blue phases to the recently discovered twist-bend, splay-bend, and splay nematic phases, as well as the twist-grain-boundary (TGB) and helical nanofilament variations on smectic phases. The analysis uses the concept of four fundamental modes of director deformation: twist, bend, splay, and a fourth mode related to saddle-splay. Each mode is coupled to a specific type of molecular order: chirality, polarization perpendicular and parallel to the director, and octupolar order. When the liquid crystal develops one type of spontaneous order, the ideal local structure becomes nonuniform, with the corresponding director deformation. In general, the ideal local structure is frustrated; it cannot fill space. As a result, the liquid crystal must form a complex global phase, which may have a combination of deformation modes, and may have a periodic array of defects. Thus, the concept of an ideal local structure under geometric frustration provides a unified framework to understand the wide variety of modulated phases.
I-Love-Q, Spontaneously: Slowly Rotating Neutron Stars in Scalar-Tensor Theories
Creators: name: Pani, Paolo
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct models of slowly rotating, perfect-fluid neutron stars by extending the classical Hartle-Thorne formalism to generic scalar-tensor theories of gravity. Working at second order in the dimensionless angular momentum, we compute the mass M, radius R, scalar charge q, moment of inertia I and spin-induced quadrupole moment Q, as well as the tidal and rotational Love numbers. Our formalism applies to generic scalar-tensor theories, but we focus in particular on theories that allow for spontaneous scalarization. It was recently discovered that the moment of inertia, quadrupole moment and Love numbers are connected by approximately universal (i.e., equation-of-state independent) "I-Love-Q" relations. We find that similar relations hold also for spontaneously scalarized stars. More interestingly, the I-Love-Q relations in scalar-tensor theories coincide with the general relativistic ones within less than a few percent, even for spontaneously scalarized stars with the largest couplings allowed by current binary-pulsar constraints. This implies that astrophysical measurements of these parameters cannot be used to discriminate between general relativity and scalar-tensor theories, even if spontaneous scalarization occurs in nature. Because of the well known equivalence between f(R) theories and scalar-tensor theories, the theoretical framework developed in this paper can be used to construct rotating compact stellar models in f(R) gravity. Our slow-rotation expansion can also be used as a benchmark for numerical calculations of rapidly spinning neutron stars in generic scalar-tensor theories.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures. Accompanying Mathematica notebook available at http://blackholes.ist.utl.pt/?page=Files and http://www.phy.olemiss.edu/~berti/research.html. v2: minor changes to match published version
Uniform derivation of Coulomb collisional transport thanks to Debye shielding
Creators: name: Escande, Dominique F.
name: Elskens, Yves
name: Doveil, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective potential acting on particles in plasmas being essentially the Debye-shielded Coulomb potential, the particles collisional transport in thermal equilibrium is calculated for all impact parameters $b$, with a convergent expression reducing to Rutherford scattering for small $b$. No cutoff at the Debye length scale is needed, and the Coulomb logarithm is only slightly modified.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.1546, arXiv:1310.3096
Value of information from vibration-based structural health monitoring extracted via Bayesian model updating
Creators: name: Kamariotis, Antonios
name: Chatzi, Eleni
name: Straub, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Quantifying the value of the information extracted from a structural health monitoring (SHM) system is an important step towards convincing decision makers to implement these systems. We quantify this value by adaptation of the Bayesian decision analysis framework. In contrast to previous works, we model in detail the entire process of data generation to processing, model updating and reliability calculation, and investigate it on a deteriorating bridge system. The framework assumes that dynamic response data are obtained in a sequential fashion from deployed accelerometers, subsequently processed by an output-only operational modal analysis scheme for identifying the system's modal characteristics. We employ a classical Bayesian model updating methodology to sequentially learn the deterioration and estimate the structural damage evolution over time. This leads to sequential updating of the structural reliability, which constitutes the basis for a preposterior Bayesian decision analysis. Alternative actions are defined and a heuristic-based approach is employed for the life-cycle optimization. By solving the preposterior Bayesian decision analysis, one is able to quantify the benefit of the availability of long-term SHM vibrational data. Numerical investigations show that this framework can provide quantitative measures on the optimality of an SHM system in a specific decision context.
Do Large Number of Parties Enforce Monogamy in All Quantum Correlations?
Creators: name: Kumar, Asutosh
name: Prabhu, R.
name: De, Aditi Sen
name: Sen, Ujjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monogamy is a non-classical property that restricts the sharability of quantum correlation among the constituents of a multipartite quantum system. Quantum correlations may satisfy or violate monogamy for quantum states. Here we provide evidence that almost all pure quantum states of systems consisting of a large number of subsystems are monogamous with respect to all quantum correlation measures of both the entanglement-separability and the information-theoretic paradigms, indicating that the volume of the monogamous pure quantum states increases with an increasing number of parties. Nonetheless, we identify important classes of pure states that remain non-monogamous with respect to quantum discord and quantum work-deficit, irrespective of the number of qubits. We find conditions for which a given quantum correlation measure satisfies vis-à-vis violates monogamy.
description: 9 pages, 4 figs, RevTeX4.1; v2: slight changes in presentation, results unchanged
Reactive and Proactive Adaptation of Cognitive and Motor Neural Signals during Performance of a Stop-Change Task
Creators: name: Brockett, Adam T.
name: Roesch, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: inhibitory control
executive function
action selection
decision making

description: The ability to inhibit or suppress unwanted or inappropriate actions, is an essential component of executive function and cognitive health. The immense selective pressure placed on maintaining inhibitory control processes is exemplified by the relatively small number of instances in which these systems completely fail in the average person’s daily life. Although mistakes and errors do inevitably occur, inhibitory control systems not only ensure that this number is low, but have also adapted behavioral strategies to minimize future failures. The ability of our brains to adapt our behavior and appropriately engage proper motor responses is traditionally depicted as the primary domain of frontal brain areas, despite evidence to the fact that numerous other brain areas contribute. Using the stop-signal task as a common ground for comparison, we review a large body of literature investigating inhibitory control processes across frontal, temporal, and midbrain structures, focusing on our recent work in rodents, in an effort to understand how the brain biases action selection and adapts to the experience of conflict.
Learning Long-Term Style-Preserving Blind Video Temporal Consistency
Creators: name: Thimonier, Hugo
name: Despois, Julien
name: Kips, Robin
name: Perrot, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When trying to independently apply image-trained algorithms to successive frames in videos, noxious flickering tends to appear. State-of-the-art post-processing techniques that aim at fostering temporal consistency, generate other temporal artifacts and visually alter the style of videos. We propose a postprocessing model, agnostic to the transformation applied to videos (e.g. style transfer, image manipulation using GANs, etc.), in the form of a recurrent neural network. Our model is trained using a Ping Pong procedure and its corresponding loss, recently introduced for GAN video generation, as well as a novel style preserving perceptual loss. The former improves long-term temporal consistency learning, while the latter fosters style preservation. We evaluate our model on the DAVIS and videvo.net datasets and show that our approach offers state-of-the-art results concerning flicker removal, and better keeps the overall style of the videos than previous approaches.
Neutrino fluxes from Dark Matter in the HESS J1745-290 source at the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Cembranos, J. A. R.
name: Gammaldi, V.
name: Maroto, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral study of the HESS J1745-290 high energy gamma-ray cut-off from the galactic center is compatible with a signal of Dark Matter (DM) annihilation or decay. If this is the case, a neutrino flux from that source is also expected. We analyze the neutrino flux predicted by DM particles able to originate the HESS J1745-290 gamma-rays observations. We focus on the electroweak and hadronic channels, which are favoured by present measurements. In particular, we study DM annihilating into W+W- and u-ubar with DM masses of 48.8 and 27.9 TeV respectively. We estimate the resolution angle and exposition time necessary to test the DM hypothesis as the origin of the commented gamma signal.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Probabilistic Forecasting of Regional Net-load with Conditional Extremes and Gridded NWP
Creators: name: Browell, Jethro
name: Fasiolo, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing penetration of embedded renewables makes forecasting net-load, consumption less embedded generation, a significant and growing challenge. Here a framework for producing probabilistic forecasts of net-load is proposed with particular attention given to the tails of predictive distributions, which are required for managing risk associated with low-probability events. Only small volumes of data are available in the tails, by definition, so estimation of predictive models and forecast evaluation requires special attention. We propose a solution based on a best-in-class load forecasting methodology adapted for net-load, and model the tails of predictive distributions with the Generalised Pareto Distribution, allowing its parameters to vary smoothly as functions of covariates. The resulting forecasts are shown to be calibrated and sharper than those produced with unconditional tail distributions. In a use-case inspired evaluation exercise based on reserve setting, the conditional tails are shown to reduce the overall volume of reserve required to manage a given risk. Furthermore, they identify periods of high risk not captured by other methods. The proposed method therefore enables user to both reduce costs and avoid excess risk.
Solidarity appraisal, meaning, and markers of welfare in frontline workers in the UK and Ireland during the Covid-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Sumner, Rachel
name: Kinsella, Elaine
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, frontline workers have carried out essential roles to keep society going, while the public have been called to minimise the infection rate to limit the burden on frontline workers. In this sense, navigating Covid-19 has necessitated interdependence between frontline workers and key stakeholder groups (such as their colleagues, organisations, their government, and the public). Reports suggest that frontline workers have perceived varying degrees of solidarity with others throughout the pandemic, yet the influence of perceived solidarity on psychological welfare has received limited empirical or theoretical attention. The aim of the present study was to test the importance of perceived solidarity (or solidarity appraisal) by assessing the relationship between perceptions of solidarity and psychological welfare in frontline workers — across all sectors — during Covid-19, and explore the role of a potential mechanism (i.e., meaning in life) for explaining this relationship. To assess this proposed model, we used cross-sectional and longitudinal data from a project tracking a cohort of frontline workers in the UK and Ireland since March 2020. Participants were surveyed at baseline (T1), at six months (T2), and 12 months (T3). At T3, participants (N ¼ 414) reported their perceived solidarity (with col?leagues, organisations, government, and public) along with a range of psychological welfare measures. Overall, frontline workers’ levels of meaning in life dropped significantly over time. Lower levels of perceived solidarity were predictive of poorer wellbeing, and higher anxiety, burnout, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and somatic stress symptoms, and these relationships were mediated by the presence of meaning in life. These findings suggest that perceived solidarity with interdependent social groups may imbue life with meaning, which can in turn have a positive influence on psychological welfare in chronic and cumulatively stressful occupational settings.
Effects on sinθ_{12} from perturbation of the neutrino mixing matrix with the partially degenerated neutrino masses
Creators: name: Araki, Takeshi
name: Takasugi, Eiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a situation where the leading-order neutrino mass matrix is derived by a theoretical ansatz and reproduces the experimental data well, but not completely. Then, the next stage is to try to fully reproduce the data by adding small perturbation terms. In this paper, we obtain the analytical method to diagonalize the perturbed mass matrix and find a consistency condition that parameters should satisfy not to change \sinθ_{12} much. This condition could cause parameter tuning and plays a crucial role in relating the added perturbation terms with the prediction analytically, in particular, for the case of the partially quasi-degenerated neutrino masses (m_2 \simeq m_1) where neutrinoless double beta decays would be observed in the phase-II experiments.
description: v1: 14 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor changes, references added, 16 pages, 6 figures