cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-fidelity operation and algorithmic initialisation of spin qubits above one kelvin
Creators: name: Huang, Jonathan Y.
name: Su, Rocky Y.
name: Lim, Wee Han
name: Feng, MengKe
name: van Straaten, Barnaby
name: Severin, Brandon
name: Gilbert, Will
name: Stuyck, Nard Dumoulin
name: Tanttu, Tuomo
name: Serrano, Santiago
name: Cifuentes, Jesus D.
name: Hansen, Ingvild
name: Seedhouse, Amanda E.
name: Vahapoglu, Ensar
name: Abrosimov, Nikolay V.
name: Pohl, Hans-Joachim
name: Thewalt, Michael L. W.
name: Hudson, Fay E.
name: Escott, Christopher C.
name: Ares, Natalia
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Morello, Andrea
name: Saraiva, Andre
name: Laucht, Arne
name: Dzurak, Andrew S.
name: Yang, Chih Hwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The encoding of qubits in semiconductor spin carriers has been recognised as a promising approach to a commercial quantum computer that can be lithographically produced and integrated at scale. However, the operation of the large number of qubits required for advantageous quantum applications will produce a thermal load exceeding the available cooling power of cryostats at millikelvin temperatures. As the scale-up accelerates, it becomes imperative to establish fault-tolerant operation above 1 kelvin, where the cooling power is orders of magnitude higher. Here, we tune up and operate spin qubits in silicon above 1 kelvin, with fidelities in the range required for fault-tolerant operation at such temperatures. We design an algorithmic initialisation protocol to prepare a pure two-qubit state even when the thermal energy is substantially above the qubit energies, and incorporate radio-frequency readout to achieve fidelities up to 99.34 per cent for both readout and initialisation. Importantly, we demonstrate a single-qubit Clifford gate fidelity of 99.85 per cent, and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.92 per cent. These advances overcome the fundamental limitation that the thermal energy must be well below the qubit energies for high-fidelity operation to be possible, surmounting a major obstacle in the pathway to scalable and fault-tolerant quantum computation.
A study of dissipative models based on Dirac matrices
Creators: name: Gidugu, Jyotsna
name: Arovas, Daniel P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the recent work of Shibata and Katsura, who considered a S=1/2 chain with alternating XX and YY couplings in the presence of dephasing, the dynamics of which are described by the GKLS master equation. Their model is equivalent to a non-Hermitian system described by the Kitaev formulation in terms of a single Majorana species hopping on a two-leg ladder in the presence of a nondynamical Z_2 gauge field. Our generalization involves Dirac gamma matrix `spin' operators on the square lattice, and maps onto a non-Hermitian square lattice bilayer which is also Kitaev-solvable. We describe the exponentially many non-equilibrium steady states in this model. We identify how the spin degrees of freedom can be accounted for in the 2d model in terms of the gauge-invariant quantities and then proceed to study the Liouvillian spectrum. We use a genetic algorithm to estimate the Liouvillian gap and the first decay modes for large system sizes. We observe a transition in the first decay modes, similar to that found by Shibata and Katsura. The results we obtain are consistent with a perturbative analysis for small and large values of the dissipation strength.
description: 19 pages, 23 figures, v2
An alternative approach to the galactic dark matter problem
Creators: name: Nucamendi, Ulises
name: Salgado, Marcelo
name: Sudarsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss scenarios in which the galactic dark matter in spiral galaxies is described by a long range coherent field which settles in a stationary configuration that might account for the features of the galactic rotation curves. The simplest possibility is to consider scalar fields, so we discuss in particular, two mechanisms that would account for the settlement of the scalar field in a non-trivial configuration in the absence of a direct coupling of the field with ordinary matter: topological defects, and spontaneous scalarization.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures, Revtex, a brief discussion added, accepted for publication in PRD
Active beam steering and afocal zooming by nematic liquid crystal infiltrated graded index photonic structures
Creators: name: Babayigit, Ceren
name: Kurt, Hamza
name: Turduev, Mirbek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents active beam steering and afocal zooming of light by incorporating liquid crystals (LCs) with graded index photonic crystal (GRIN PC). The GRIN PC structures are composed of low refractive index polymer annular rods having gradually varied radii of holes. To actively manipulate incident light, the annular rods are infiltrated with nematic LCs. By applying an external voltage to the infiltrated LCs, the effective index profile of the low-index GRIN PC structure is modulated without introducing any mechanical movement. The incident beam deflection and corresponding focal distance modulation are tuned only by controlling the applied bias voltage. In the present work, hyperbolic secant refractive index profile is chosen to design GRIN PC structures. To design GRIN PC structure with annular PCs, Maxwell-Garnett effective medium approximation is employed. Moreover, we analytically express the relation between infiltrated LCs and gradient parameter to show the physical background of the tuning ability of the proposed devices. Also, beam steering and afocal zooming devices are analytically investigated via geometrical optics and numerically realized with the help of the finite-difference time-domain method. A beam deflection with an angle change of Δθout= 44° and a light magnification with maximum x2.15 are obtained. LCs are inexpensive materials and work under low voltage/power condition. This feature can be used for designing an electro-optic GRIN PC device that can be useful in various optical applications.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
CALYPSO: LLMs as Dungeon Masters' Assistants
Creators: name: Zhu, Andrew
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Head, Andrew
name: Callison-Burch, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The role of a Dungeon Master, or DM, in the game Dungeons & Dragons is to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. The DM must digest information about the game setting and monsters, synthesize scenes to present to other players, and respond to the players' interactions with the scene. Doing all of these tasks while maintaining consistency within the narrative and story world is no small feat of human cognition, making the task tiring and unapproachable to new players. Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities to generate coherent natural language text. In this paper, we conduct a formative evaluation with DMs to establish the use cases of LLMs in D&D and tabletop gaming generally. We introduce CALYPSO, a system of LLM-powered interfaces that support DMs with information and inspiration specific to their own scenario. CALYPSO distills game context into bite-sized prose and helps brainstorm ideas without distracting the DM from the game. When given access to CALYPSO, DMs reported that it generated high-fidelity text suitable for direct presentation to players, and low-fidelity ideas that the DM could develop further while maintaining their creative agency. We see CALYPSO as exemplifying a paradigm of AI-augmented tools that provide synchronous creative assistance within established game worlds, and tabletop gaming more broadly.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. AIIDE 2023
Drag force and heavy quark potential in a rotating background
Creators: name: Chen, Jun-Xia
name: Hou, De-Fu
name: Ren, Hai-Cang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explored the gravity dual of a rotating quark-gluon plasma by transforming the boundary coordinates of the large black hole limit of Schwarchild-$\text{AdS}_5$ metric. The Euler-Lagrange equation of the Nambu-Goto action and its solution become more complex than those without rotation. For small angular velocity, we obtained an analytical form of the drag force acting on a quark moving in the direction of the rotation axis and found it stronger than that without rotation. We also calculated the heavy quark potential under the same approximation. For the quarkonium symmetric with respect to the rotation axis, the depth of the potential is reduced by the rotation. For the quarkonium oriented in parallel to the rotation axis, the binding force is weakened and the force range becomes longer. We also compared our holographic formulation with others in the literature.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Stable single light bullets and vortices and their active control in cold Rydberg gases
Creators: name: Bai, Zhengyang
name: Li, Weibin
name: Huang, Guoxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing single light bullets and vortices that are stable in high dimensions is a long-standing goal in the study of nonlinear optical physics. On the other hand, the storage and retrieval of such stable high dimensional optical pulses may offer a variety of applications. Here we present a scheme to generate such optical pulses in a cold Rydberg atomic gas. By virtue of electromagnetically induced transparency, strong, long-range atom-atom interaction in Rydberg states is mapped to light fields, resulting in a giant, fast-responding nonlocal Kerr nonlinearity and the formation of light bullets and vortices carrying orbital angular momenta, which have extremely low generation power, very slow propagation velocity, and can stably propagate, with the stability provided by the combination of local and the nonlocal Kerr nonlinearities. We demonstrate that the light bullets and vortices obtained can be stored and retrieved in the system with high efficiency and fidelity. Our study provides a new route for manipulating high-dimensional nonlinear optical processes via the controlled optical nonlinearities in cold Rydberg gases.
Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of Cr(Mo,V)Nx thin films studied by synchrotron and lab-based X-ray spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Susmita
name: Hjort, Victor
name: Shu, Rui
name: Greczynski, Grzegorz
name: Febvrier, Arnaud le
name: Eklund, Per
name: Magnuson, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chromium-based nitrides are used in hard, resilient coatings, and show promise for thermoelectric applications due to their combination of structural, thermal, and electronic properties. Here, we investigated the electronic structures and chemical bonding correlated to the thermoelectric properties of epitaxially grown chromium-based multicomponent nitride Cr(Mo,V)Nx thin films. Due to minuscule N vacancies, finite population of Cr 3d and N 2p states appear at the Fermi level and diminishes the band opening for Cr0.51N0.49. Incorporating holes by alloying V in N deficient CrN matrix results in enhanced thermoelectric power factor with marginal change in the charge transfer of Cr to N compared to Cr0.51N0.49. Further alloying Mo isoelectronic to Cr increases the density of states across the Fermi level due to hybridization of the (Cr, V) 3d and Mo 4d-N 2p states in Cr(Mo,V)Nx. The hybridization effect with reduced N 2p states off from stoichiometry drives the system towards metal like electrical resistivity and reduction in Seebeck coefficient compensating the overall power factor still comparable to Cr0.51N0.49. The N deficiency also depicts a critical role in reduction of the charge transfer from metal to N site. The present work envisages ways for enhancing thermoelectric properties through electronic band engineering by alloying and competing effects of N vacancies.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 1 of GBAT: a gene-based association test for robust detection of trans-gene regulation
Creators: name: Liu, Xuanyao
name: Mefford, Joel A.
name: Dahl, Andrew
name: He, Yuan
name: Subramaniam, Meena
name: Battle, Alexis
name: Price, Alkes L.
name: Zaitlen, Noah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Tables and Figures. Tables S2. 90 trans-eGenes identified by SNP-based trans-eQTL mapping at 10% FDR. Table S3. Replication of trans signals in subsets of DGN. Table S4. Gene-ontology enrichment of 157 regulators identified in DGN at Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) FDR < 0.05. Table S5. Significant trans regulators in Luijk et al. with low mappability or cross-mappable to targets. Table S6. Trans-effects of SENP7 on expression and methylation. Fig. S1. Power and false positive rate of GBAT approach in simulations. Fig. S2. Consequences of non-shared cis effect in external training data on detecting trans signals in the testing dataset.
Diffuse, Attend, and Segment: Unsupervised Zero-Shot Segmentation using Stable Diffusion
Creators: name: Tian, Junjiao
name: Aggarwal, Lavisha
name: Colaco, Andrea
name: Kira, Zsolt
name: Gonzalez-Franco, Mar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Producing quality segmentation masks for images is a fundamental problem in computer vision. Recent research has explored large-scale supervised training to enable zero-shot segmentation on virtually any image style and unsupervised training to enable segmentation without dense annotations. However, constructing a model capable of segmenting anything in a zero-shot manner without any annotations is still challenging. In this paper, we propose to utilize the self-attention layers in stable diffusion models to achieve this goal because the pre-trained stable diffusion model has learned inherent concepts of objects within its attention layers. Specifically, we introduce a simple yet effective iterative merging process based on measuring KL divergence among attention maps to merge them into valid segmentation masks. The proposed method does not require any training or language dependency to extract quality segmentation for any images. On COCO-Stuff-27, our method surpasses the prior unsupervised zero-shot SOTA method by an absolute 26% in pixel accuracy and 17% in mean IoU. The project page is at \url{https://sites.google.com/view/diffseg/home}.
description: Accepted to CVPR2024
Phase Transition in Anyon Superconductivity at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
name: de la Incera, Vivian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic response of the charged anyon fluid at temperatures larger than the fermion energy gap is investigated in the self-consistent field approximation. In this temperature region a new phase, characterized by an inhomogeneous magnetic penetration, is found. The inhomogeneity is linked to the existence of an imaginary magnetic mass which increases with the temperature. The system stability in the new phase is proved by investigating the electromagnetic field rest-energy spectrum.
description: 18 pages, revtex
Private Label_Sharda.pdf
Creators: name: Dixit, Sushil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper presents the findings of a research regarding the effect of demographic factors on consumers' awareness and source of awareness for food-related private-label brands. Results of the field research indicate that the majority of the consumers are aware of private label brands, with main source of awareness being advertisement leaflets and store shopping situations. Age and gender affects were tested for awareness, source of awareness and recall of private label store carrying food-related private-label brands. Results revealed that gender affects brand awareness and source of awareness, while age affects recall of the supermarket. Implications of the research findings in marketing and retailing are also discussed for helping marketing mangers.
Bipolar ionization cones in the Extended Narrow-Line Region of nearby QSO2s
Creators: name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: de Oliveira, Bruno Dall'Agnol
name: Micchi, Luis Felipe Longo
name: Schmitt, Henrique Roberto
name: Fischer, Travis Cody
name: Kraemer, Steven
name: Crenshaw, Michael
name: Maksym, Peter
name: Elvis, Martin
name: Fabbiano, Giuseppina
name: Colina, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used narrow-band [OIII]$λλ$4959,5007 and H$α$+[NII]$λ\lambda6548,84$ Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images of 9 luminous (L[OIII]$>10^{42}$erg s$^{-1}$) type 2 QSOs with redshifts $0.1
description: 27 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 3 of GBAT: a gene-based association test for robust detection of trans-gene regulation
Creators: name: Liu, Xuanyao
name: Mefford, Joel A.
name: Dahl, Andrew
name: He, Yuan
name: Subramaniam, Meena
name: Battle, Alexis
name: Price, Alkes L.
name: Zaitlen, Noah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Review history
3-D ionization structure (in stereoscopic view) of Planetary Nebulae: the case of NGC 1501
Creators: name: Ragazzoni, R.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Sabbadin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-slit echellograms of the high excitation planetary nebula NGC1501, reduced according to the methodology developed by Sabbadin et al. (2000a, b), allowed us to obtain the ``true'' distribution of the ionized gas in the eight nebular slices covered by the spectroscopic slit. A 3-D rendering procedure is described and applied, which assembles the tomographic maps and rebuilds the spatial structure. The images of NGC 1501, as seen in 12 directions separated by 15 deg, form a series of stereoscopic pairs giving surprising 3-D views in as many directions. The main nebula consists of an almost oblate ellipsoid of moderate ellipticity (a=44 arcsec, a/b=1.02, a/c=1.11), brighter in the equatorial belt, deformed by several bumps, and embedded in a quite homogeneous, inwards extended cocoon. Some reliability tests are applied to the rebuilt nebula; the radial matter profile, the small scale density fluctuations and the 2-D (morphology) - 3-D (structure) correlation are presented and analysed. The wide applications of the 3-D reconstruction to the morphology, physical conditions, ionization parameters and evolutionary status of expanding nebulae in general (planetary nebulae, nova and supernova remnants, shells around Population I Wolf-Rayet stars, nebulae ejected by symbiotic stars, bubbles surrounding early spectral type main sequence stars etc.) are introduced.
description: 12 pages + 11 (gif) figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. A postscript file with figs. can be retrieved at http://panoramix.pd.astro.it/~sabbadin
Anomalous fluctuations of the condensate in interacting Bose gases
Creators: name: Giorgini, S.
name: Pitaevskii, L. P.
name: Stringari, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find that the fluctuations of the condensate in a weakly interacting Bose gas confined in a box of volume $V$ follow the law $\sim V^{4/3}$. This anomalous behaviour arises from the occurrence of infrared divergencies due to phonon excitations and holds also for strongly correlated Bose superfluids. The analysis is extended to an interacting Bose gas confined in a harmonic trap where the fluctuations are found to exhibit a similar anomaly.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX
Spin-orbit insulating phase in SnTe cubic nanowires: consequences on the topological surface states
Creators: name: Hussain, Ghulam
name: Warda, Kinga
name: Cuono, Giuseppe
name: Autieri, Carmine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic, structural and topological properties of the SnTe and PbTe cubic nanowires using ab-initio calculations. Using standard and linear-scale density functional theory, we go from the ultrathin limit up to the nanowires thicknesses observed experimentally. Finite-size effects in the ultra-thin limit produce an electric quadrupole and associated structural distortions, these distortions increase the band gap but they get reduced with the size of the nanowires and become less and less relevant. Ultrathin SnTe cubic nanowires are trivial band gap insulators, we demonstrate that by increasing the thickness there is an electronic transition to a spin-orbit insulating phase due to trivial surface states in the regime of thin nanowires. These trivial surface states with a spin-orbit gap of a few meV appear at the same k-point of the topological surface states. Going to the limit of thick nanowires, we should observe the transition to the topological crystalline insulating phase with the presence of two massive surface Dirac fermions hybridized with the persisting trivial surface states. Therefore, we have the co-presence of massive Dirac surface states and trivial surface states close to the Fermi level in the same region of the k-space. According to our estimation, the cubic SnTe nanowires are trivial insulators below the critical thickness tc1=10 nm, and they become spin-orbit insulators between tc1=10 nm and tc2=17 nm, while they transit to the topological phase above the critical thickness of tc2=17 nm. These critical thickness values are in the range of the typical experimental thicknesses, making the thickness a relevant parameter for the synthesis of topological cubic nanowires. Pb(1-x)Sn(x)Te nanowires would have both these critical thicknesses tc1 and tc2 at larger values depending on the doping concentration.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
On the random neighbor Olami-Feder-Christensen slip-stick model
Creators: name: Kinouchi, Osame
name: Pinho, Suani T. R.
name: Prado, Carmen P. C. do
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the treatment of Lise and Jensen (Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2326 (1996)) on the random neighbor Olami-Feder-Christensen stik-slip model, and examine the strong dependence of the results on the approximations used for the distribution of states p(E).
description: 6pages, 3 figures. To be published in PRE as a brief report
Molecular dynamics insights for PI3K-δ inhibition & structure guided identification of novel PI3K-δ inhibitors
Creators: name: Shubham Srivastava
name: Bhanwar Singh Choudhary
name: Pakhuri Mehta
name: Sukanya
name: Sharma, Manish
name: Malik, Ruchi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Conjugated structure based and ligand based drug design techinques have been used previously to unearth putative binding ligands for kinase inhibition. PI3K-δ is a lipid kinase and it has been found abberant in diseases such as cancer,inflammation etc. Preliminarily, protein crystal structure analysis suggest avaibility of two crystal structures with varying degree of root mean square de throughtion in protein back bone and root mean square fluctuation in side chain geometry. Therefore, PI3K-δ crystal structure was selected based on charactristic reciever operating characterstic curve and % enrichment of actives analysis. Active site analysis through molecular dynamics simulations provided insights about four residues Ile910, Asp911, Met752, Lys755, which act as flap. These residues fecilitate ligand binding in a unique manner.Thereafter, a validated designed protocol has been used to screen asinex ligand database using molecular docking and binding energy calculations. Based on binding affinity & energy scores and interaction pattern analysis total top 50 ligands were selected for PI3K-δ inhibition studies. Moreover, two molecules ethyl 2-(2-((4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl) oxy)acetamido) benzo[1]thiazole-6-carboxylate and 1,6,7-trimethyl-8-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl) methyl)-1H-imidazo [1',2':1,5] pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione have been identified, which could be potential hits for PI3K-δ using insights provided by molecular modelling studies. The identified compunds were subjected to pan assay interference compound filter and were found to be compliant. Quantum mechanical calculations were perfromed for identified hits. The above strategy could be implemented as a strategy for rational drug design. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Theory of suppressed shot-noise at $ν=2/(2p+χ)$
Creators: name: Imura, K. -I.
name: Nomura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the edge states of fractional quantum Hall liquid at bulk filling factor $ν=2/(2p+χ)$ with $p$ being an even integer and $χ=\pm 1$. We describe the transition from a conductance plateau $G=νG_0=νe^2/h$ to another plateau $G=G_0/(p+χ)$ in terms of chiral Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory. It is found that the fractional charge $q$ which appears in the classical shot-noise formula $S_{I}=2q $ is $q=e/(2p+χ)$ on the conductance plateau at $G=νG_0$ whereas on the plateau at $G=G_0/(p+χ)$ it is given by $q=e/(p+χ)$. For $p=2$ and $χ=-1$ an alternative hierarchy constructions is also discussed to explain the suppressed shot-noise experiment at bulk filling factor $ν=2/3$.
description: Typos in Eqs. (5-7) corrected
Value Kaleidoscope: Engaging AI with Pluralistic Human Values, Rights, and Duties
Creators: name: Sorensen, Taylor
name: Jiang, Liwei
name: Hwang, Jena
name: Levine, Sydney
name: Pyatkin, Valentina
name: West, Peter
name: Dziri, Nouha
name: Lu, Ximing
name: Rao, Kavel
name: Bhagavatula, Chandra
name: Sap, Maarten
name: Tasioulas, John
name: Choi, Yejin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human values are crucial to human decision-making. Value pluralism is the view that multiple correct values may be held in tension with one another (e.g., when considering lying to a friend to protect their feelings, how does one balance honesty with friendship?). As statistical learners, AI systems fit to averages by default, washing out these potentially irreducible value conflicts. To improve AI systems to better reflect value pluralism, the first-order challenge is to explore the extent to which AI systems can model pluralistic human values, rights, and duties as well as their interaction.
 We introduce ValuePrism, a large-scale dataset of 218k values, rights, and duties connected to 31k human-written situations. ValuePrism's contextualized values are generated by GPT-4 and deemed high-quality by human annotators 91% of the time. We conduct a large-scale study with annotators across diverse social and demographic backgrounds to try to understand whose values are represented.
 With ValuePrism, we build Kaleido, an open, light-weight, and structured language-based multi-task model that generates, explains, and assesses the relevance and valence (i.e., support or oppose) of human values, rights, and duties within a specific context. Humans prefer the sets of values output by our system over the teacher GPT-4, finding them more accurate and with broader coverage. In addition, we demonstrate that Kaleido can help explain variability in human decision-making by outputting contrasting values. Finally, we show that Kaleido's representations transfer to other philosophical frameworks and datasets, confirming the benefit of an explicit, modular, and interpretable approach to value pluralism. We hope that our work will serve as a step to making more explicit the implicit values behind human decision-making and to steering AI systems to make decisions that are more in accordance with them.
description: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 38
Poincaré polynomial of elliptic arrangements is not a specialization of the Tutte polynomial
Creators: name: Pagaria, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Poincaré polynomial of the complement of an arrangements in a non compact group is a specialization of the $G$-Tutte polynomial associated with the arrangement. In this article we show two unimodular elliptic arrangements (built up from two graphs) with the same Tutte polynomial, having different Betti numbers.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Hydrodynamical simulations of the Lyman-Alpha forest: data comparisons
Creators: name: Meiksin, A.
name: Bryan, G.
name: Machacek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical hydrodynamical simulations are used to predict the expected absorption properties of the Lyman-Alpha forest for a variety of Cold Dark Matter dominated cosmological scenarios: CHDM, OCDM, LCDM, SCDM, and tCDM. Synthetic spectra are constructed duplicating the resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and wavelength coverage of several published high resolution spectra, and their statistical properties compared on the basis of the flux distribution of the spectra, the distribution of coefficients in a wavelet decomposition of the spectra, and the distributions of absorption line profile parameters. Agreement between the measured and predicted cumulative distributions is found at the few to several percent level. The best-fitting models to the flux distribution correspond to normalizations on the scale of the cosmological Jeans length of 1.3 < sigma_J < 1.7 at z=3. No single model provides an acceptable match to all the distributions. Larger median Doppler parameters are found in the measured spectra than predicted by all but the lowest normalization models (CHDM and tCDM), which provide poor fits to the flux distributions. The discrepancy in Doppler parameters is particularly large for absorption systems optically thin at the Lyman-Alpha line-centre. This may indicate the need to introduce additional energy injection throughout the IGM, as may be provided by late HeII reionization (z_HeII~3.5) or supernovae-driven winds from young galaxies. The models require a hydrogen ionization rate at redshifts 1.73.5 than predicted from current QSO counts.
description: Major Revision. 29 pages, 26 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Flocking hydrodynamics with external potentials
Creators: name: Shu, Ruiwen
name: Tadmor, Eitan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D25, 35Q35, 76N10

description: We study the large-time behavior of hydrodynamic model which describes the collective behavior of continuum of agents, driven by pairwise alignment interactions with additional external potential forcing. The external force tends to compete with alignment which makes the large time behavior very different from the original Cucker-Smale (CS) alignment model, and far more interesting. Here we focus on uniformly convex potentials. In the particular case of \emph{quadratic} potentials, we are able to treat a large class of admissible interaction kernels, $ϕ(r) \gtrsim (1+r^2)^{-β}$ with `thin' tails $β\leq 1$ --- thinner than the usual `fat-tail' kernels encountered in CS flocking $β\leq\frac{1}{2}$: we discover unconditional flocking with exponential convergence of velocities \emph{and} positions towards a Dirac mass traveling as harmonic oscillator. For general convex potentials, we impose a stability condition, requiring large enough alignment kernel to avoid crowd scattering. We then prove, by hypocoercivity arguments, that both the velocities \emph{and} positions of smooth solution must flock. We also prove the existence of global smooth solutions for one and two space dimensions, subject to critical thresholds in initial configuration space. It is interesting to observe that global smoothness can be guaranteed for sub-critical initial data, independently of the apriori knowledge of large time flocking behavior.
Effect of criticality on wetting layers: A Monte-Carlo simulation study
Creators: name: Wilding, N. B.
name: Krech, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solid substrate, when exposed to a vapour, can interact with it in such a way that sufficiently close to liquid-vapour coexistence a macroscopically thick liquid wetting layer is formed on the substrate surface. If such a wetting transition occurs for a binary fluid mixture in the vicinity of the critical end point of demixing transitions, critical fluctuations lead to additional long-ranged interactions (Casimir forces) within the wetting layer, changing its equilibrium thickness. We demonstrate this effect by Monte-Carlo simulations of wetting layers of a symmetrical Lennard-Jones binary fluid mixture near its critical end point. The results suggest that the effect should also be detectable in corresponding wetting experiments.
description: Revtex, 4 figures
Irreducible Representations of Diperiodic Groups
Creators: name: Milosevic, Ivanka
name: Nikolic, B.
name: Damnjanovic, M.
name: Krcmar, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The irreducible representations of all of the 80 diperiodic groups, being the symmetries of the systems translationally periodical in two directions, are calculated. To this end, each of these groups is factorized as the product of a generalized translational group and an axial point group. The results are presented in the form of the tables, containing the matrices of the irreducible representations of the generators of the groups. General properties and some physical applications (degeneracy and topology of the energy bands, selection rules, etc.) are discussed.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, 28 tables, 18 refs, LaTex2.09
Magnetic proximity effect in [Nb/Gd] superlattices seen by neutron scattering
Creators: name: Khaydukov, Yu. N.
name: Kravtsov, E. A.
name: Zhaketov, V. D.
name: Progliado, V. V.
name: Kim, G.
name: Nikitenko, Yu. V.
name: Keller, T.
name: Ustinov, V. V.
name: Aksenov, V. L.
name: Keimer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used spin-polarized neutron reflectometry to investigate the magnetization profile of superlattices composed of ferromagnetic Gd and superconducting Nb layers. We have observed a partial suppression of ferromagnetic (F) order of Gd layers in [Gd($d_F$)/Nb(25nm)]$_{12}$ superlattices below the superconducting (S) transition of the Nb layers. The amplitude of the suppression decreases with increasing $d_F$. By analyzing the neutron spin asymmetry we conclude that the observed effect has an electromagnetic origin - the proximity-coupled S layers screen out the external magnetic field and thus suppress the F response of the Gd layers inside the structure. Our investigation demonstrates the considerable influence of electromagnetic effects on the magnetic properties of S/F systems.
Phase-change nonlocal metasurfaces for dynamic wavefront manipulation
Creators: name: Liu, Tingting
name: Zhang, Dandan
name: Liu, Wenxing
name: Yu, Tianbao
name: Wu, Feng
name: Xiao, Shuyuan
name: Huang, Lujun
name: Miroshnichenko, Andrey E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in nonlocal metasurfaces have enabled unprecedented success in shaping the wavefront of light with spectral selectivity, offering new solutions for many emerging nanophotonics applications. The ability to tune both the spectral and spatial properties of such a novel class of metasurfaces is highly desirable, but the dynamic nonvolatile control remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate active narrowband wavefront manipulation by harnessing quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BICs) in phase-change nonlocal metasurfaces. The proof-of-principle metasurfaces made of Sb$_2$S$_3$ allow for nonvolatile, reversible, and tunable spectral control over wavefront and switchable spatial response at a given wavelength. The design principle mainly builds upon the combination of the geometry phase of quasi-BICs and the dynamic tunability of phase-change meta-atoms to tailor the spatial response of light at distinct resonant wavelengths. By tuning the crystallization level of Sb$_2$S$_3$ meta-atoms, the dynamic nonlocal wavefront-shaping functionalities of beam steering, 1D, and 2D focusing are achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate tunable holographic imaging with active spectral selectivity using our phase-change nonlocal metasurface. This work represents a critical advance towards developing integrated dynamic nonlocal metasurface for future augmented and virtual reality wearables.
Wurtzite vs rock-salt MnSe epitaxy: electronic and altermagnetic properties
Creators: name: Grzybowski, Michał J.
name: Autieri, Carmine
name: Domagała, Jarosław
name: Krasucki, Cezary
name: Kaleta, Anna
name: Kret, Sławomir
name: Gas, Katarzyna
name: Sawicki, Maciej
name: Bożek, Rafał
name: Suffczyński, Jan
name: Pacuski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Newly discovered altermagnets are magnetic materials exhibiting both compensated magnetic order, similar to antiferromagnets, and simultaneous non-relativistic spin-splitting of the bands, akin to ferromagnets. This characteristic arises from the specific symmetry operations that connect the spin sublattices. In this report, we show with ab initio calculations that the semiconductive MnSe exhibits altermagnetic spin-splitting in the wurtzite phase as well as a critical temperature well above room temperature. It is the first material from such space group identified to possess altermagnetic properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally through structural characterization techniques that it is possible to obtain thin films of both the intriguing wurtzite phase of MnSe and the more common rock-salt MnSe using molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates. The choice of buffer layers plays a crucial role in determining the resulting phase and consequently extends the array of materials available for the physics of altermagnetism.
The effect of distant large scale structure on weak lensing mass estimates
Creators: name: Hoekstra, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the uncertainty in weak lensing mass estimates of clusters of galaxies, caused by distant (uncorrelated) large scale structure along the line of sight. We find that the effect is fairly small for deep observations (20
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics 11 pages, 9 figures
On the volume elements of a manifold with transverse zeroes
Creators: name: Cardona, Robert
name: Miranda, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Moser proved in 1965 in his seminal paper that two volume forms on a compact manifold can be conjugated by a diffeomorphism, that is to say they are equivalent, if and only if their associated cohomology classes in the top cohomology group of a manifold coincide. In particular, this yields a classification of compact symplectic surfaces in terms of De Rham cohomology. In this paper we generalize these results for volume forms admitting transversal zeroes. In this case there is also a cohomology capturing the classification: the relative cohomology with respect to the set of critical hypersurface. We compare this classification scheme with the classification of Poisson structures on surfaces which are symplectic away from a hypersurface where they fulfill a transversality assumption ($b$-Poisson structures). We do this using the desingularization technique introduced by Guillemin-Miranda-Weitsman and extend it to $b^m$-Nambu structures.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Stepwise quantum decay of self-localized solitons
Creators: name: Hizhnyakov, V.
name: Nevedrov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-phonon decay of self-localized soliton in a one-dimensional monatomic anharmonic lattice caused by cubic anharmonicity is considered. It is shown that the decay takes place with emission of phonon bursts. The average rate of emission of phonons is of the order of vibrational quantum per vibrational period. Characteristic time of the relaxation is determined by the quantum anharmonicity parameter; this time may vary from a few (quantum lattices, large anharmonicity) to thousands (ordinary lattices, small anharmonicity) of vibrational periods.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
MusiLingo: Bridging Music and Text with Pre-trained Language Models for Music Captioning and Query Response
Creators: name: Deng, Zihao
name: Ma, Yinghao
name: Liu, Yudong
name: Guo, Rongchen
name: Zhang, Ge
name: Chen, Wenhu
name: Huang, Wenhao
name: Benetos, Emmanouil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in multimodal applications, yet the convergence of textual and musical domains remains not well-explored. To address this gap, we present MusiLingo, a novel system for music caption generation and music-related query responses. MusiLingo employs a single projection layer to align music representations from the pre-trained frozen music audio model MERT with a frozen LLM, bridging the gap between music audio and textual contexts. We train it on an extensive music caption dataset and fine-tune it with instructional data. Due to the scarcity of high-quality music Q&A datasets, we created the MusicInstruct (MI) dataset from captions in the MusicCaps datasets, tailored for open-ended music inquiries. Empirical evaluations demonstrate its competitive performance in generating music captions and composing music-related Q&A pairs. Our introduced dataset enables notable advancements beyond previous ones.
Hydrodynamic theory of an electron gas
Creators: name: Tokatly, I.
name: Pankratov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalised hydrodynamic theory of an electron gas, which does not rely on an assumption of a local equilibrium, is derived as the long-wave limit of a kinetic equation. Apart from the common hydrodynamics variables the theory includes the tensor fields of the higher moments of the distribution function. In contrast to the Bloch hydrodynamics, the theory leads to the correct plasmon dispersion and in the low frequency limit recovers the Navies-Stocks hydrodynamics. The linear approximation to the generalised hydrodynamics is closely related to the theory of highly viscous fluids.
description: 4 pages, revtex
การพัฒนาทักษะกระบวนการทางวิทยาศาสตร์ของนักเรียนโดยใช้แผนผังตัวยูในอัตราการเกิดปฏิกิริยาเคมี
Creators: name: อโณทัย ดาทอง
Publisher: name: หน่วยวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และสิ่งแวดล้อมเพื่อการเรียนรู้ คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ
Year: 2558
Subjects: ทักษะกระบวนการทางวิทยาศาสตร์
แผนผังตัวยู การสืบเสาะหาความรู้แบบชี้แนะแนวทาง
อัตราการเกิดปฏิกิริยาเคมี

description: วารสารหน่วยวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และสิ่งแวดล้อมเพื่อการเรียนรู้ (JSTEL), 6, 1, 14 - 31
Additional file 1 of miRNA-425-5p enhances lung cancer growth via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling axis
Creators: name: Zhou, Jin-shan
name: Yang, Ze-shan
name: Cheng, Si-yang
name: Yu, Jiang-hao
name: Huang, Chao-Jun
name: Feng, Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplement Figure S1. Uncropped images of blots and gels related to Fig. 3. Supplement Figure S2. Uncropped images of blots and gels related to Fig. 4. Supplement Figure S3. Uncropped images of blots and gels related to Fig. 5. Table S1. The raw data of all colony formation experiments.
แนวทางการพัฒนาศูนย์สิ่งแวดล้อมศึกษาด้านการอนุรักษ์ภูมิปัญญาผึ้งสายพันธุ์ชันโรง ตำบลปัถวี อำเภอมะขาม จังหวัดจันทบุรี
Creators: name: เกียรติภูมิ จันเต
Publisher: name: หน่วยวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และสิ่งแวดล้อมเพื่อการเรียนรู้ คณะวิทยาศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยศรีนครินทรวิโรฒ
Year: 2558
Subjects: ศูนย์สิ่งแวดล้อมศึกษา
ภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่น
ผึ้งสายพันธุ์ชันโรง

description: วารสารหน่วยวิจัยวิทยาศาสตร์ เทคโนโลยี และสิ่งแวดล้อมเพื่อการเรียนรู้ (JSTEL), 6, 1, 32-45