Xynocoris parvus Distant 1880, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Garbelotto, Thereza De A.
name: Campos, Luiz A.
name: Grazia, Jocelia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Xynocoris
Xynocoris parvus

description: Xynocoris parvus (Distant, 1880) comb. nov.
(figs. 2A; 4A–D; 5A, D; 6A, E, I; 7A–D; 8A; 9 A)
Macropygium parvum Distant, 1880: 50, tab. 6, fig. 3.
Alitocoris parvus, Sailer, 1950: 73 –74, figs. 4, 5, 8, 14, 18 (synonymy, redescription); Rolston, 1992: 24, figs. 44–45; Campos & Grazia, 2006: p.153 (phylogeny, list); Garbelotto et al., 2013 (phylogeny).
Type locality. Panama.
Type material. Distant’s description was based on a series of specimens listed as from the Distant Collection, now belonging to the British Museum, London; and from the Signoret Collection, now belonging to the Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna (Sailer 1950). We were not able to locate the type specimens so we confirmed the identity of the specimens examined using both the description and illustrations by Sailer (1950), and specimens identified by Dr. L.H. Rolston.
Description. Body oval, brown to dark brown; punctures black, confluent and forming shallow wrinkles on pronotum and scutellum; small yellowish spots evenly distributed over all body surface. Legs light brown, contrasting with body. Antennae five-segmented, third segment of males little widened.
Head with spots mostly on mandibular plates; punctures forming wrinkles between base of mandibular plates and posterior margin of head. Apices of mandibular plates juxtaposed, exceeding clypeus by a distance equivalent to the ocellar diameter; lateral margins of mandibular plates slightly reflected, ventrally yellowish. Eyes on short peduncle. Anteocular processes little projected, attaining 1/3 of the eye width. Antennal tubercle covered dorsally by anteocular processes. Antennae brown, five-segmented; first segment bearing dorsal longitudinal yellowish spot; proportion of antennal segments: I≈II<III≈IV<V, fifth the longest. Ventrally with 1+1 yellowish carinae posterior to the eyes. Bucculae without anterior tooth. Rostrum yellowish, second segment reaching mesocoxae, apex on urosternite IV; proportion of rostral segments: I<II>III≈IV.
Pronotum with punctures forming shallow wrinkles posterior to cicatrices; few yellowish spots between the punctures; cicatrices slightly tumid. Anterior angles of pronotum with projections parallel to posterior margins of eyes, exceeding laterally the eye by almost the diameter of eye. Anterolateral pronotal margins concave; posterolateral margins subrectilinear. Scutellum with yellowish spots evenly distributed; anterior margin with median spot and 1+1 yellowish spots near the fovea, sometimes inconspicuous; punctures forming shallow wrinkles, denser on disc and sometimes inconspicuous on apex. Corium reaching middle of connexival segment VI; spot on apex of radial vein equivalent to the diameter of ocellar, sometimes inconspicuous. Hemelytral membrane little surpassing the apex of abdomen, bearing 7–9 veins. Pleurae with yellowish spots; sterna brown. Evaporatorium brown to black; peritreme surpassing half the width of evaporatorium. Legs yellowish contrasting with body color; femora and tibiae with brown circular spots.
Segments of connexivum bearing middle yellowish spot, at least on lateral half. Abdomen ventrally with yellowish spots near lateral margins, sometimes extending medially; punctures shallow to inconspicuous on disc. Yellowish maculae before spiracles present (fig. 8A).
Male. Third antennal segment 1/3 wider than fourth segment. Measurements (n=9): head length, 1.20 ± 0.13. (1.01 –1.45); width, 1.90 ± 0.05 (1.83–1.95); pronotum length, 1.81 ± 0.08 (1.64–1.89); width, 4.42 ± 0.17 (4.16–4.79); scutellum length, 2.98 ± 0.14 (2.71–3.15); width, 2.68 ± 0.14 (2.46–2.96); length of antennal segments: I, 0.50 ± 0.05 (0.44–0.57); II, 0.41 ± 0.03. (0.38–0.44); III, 0.85 ± 0.06 (0.76–0.95); IV, 0.91 ± 0.05 (0.88–1.01); V, 1.46 ± 0.05 (1.39–1.58); length of rostrum segments: I, 0.85 ± 0.05 (0.82–0.95); II, 1.34 ± 0.08 (1.26–1.45); III, 0.92 ± 0.03 (0.88–0.95); IV, 0.84 ± 0.05 (0.76–0.88); total length, 7.57 ± 0.29 (7.00–7.90); abdominal width, 4.77 ± 0.26 (4.30–5.20).
Genitalia. Pygophore. Dorsal rim concave (fig. 5 A—dr); distance between projections of dorsal rim equals the width of each projection; posterior projections bearing a tuft of short setae. Projections of inferior layer of ventral rim subtriangular, apices tumid placed beneath the ventral surface of segment X (fig. 5 A—pil). Superior layer of ventral rim tumid near the apices of projections of inferior layer (fig. 4C, D—arrow). Median third of ventral rim slightly emarginated forming a shallow, narrow aperture covering the lateral portions of segment X (fig. 5D). Carinae continued from the conical projection of inferior layer inconspicuous (fig. 5D). Segment X slightly wider at base, with a clear boundary between sclerotized and membranous areas; lateral margins subrectilinear; apex bearing short setae (fig. 5 A—X). Parameres with apical angle acutely curved; head at most reaching the margin of ventral opening of pygophore (fig. 6A, E, I). Phallus: lateral projection of phallotheca exceeding the dorsal margin (fig. 7 D—lph). Dorsal process of vesica bilobed (fig. 7A, C, D—v, vp). Ductus seminis distalis twisted and short, little surpassing the base of phallotheca (fig. 7A, D—ds)
Female. Measurements (n=20): head length, 1.17 ± 0.08 (1.01–1.26); width, 1.95 ± 0.08 (1.83–2.14); pronotum length, 1.86 ± 0.08 (1.70–1.95); width, 4.53 ± 0.22 (4.22–4.98); scutellum length, 3.08 ± 0.16 (2.84–3.34); width, 2.73 ± 0.15 (2.52–3.02); length of antennal segments: I, 0.53 ± 0.03 (0.50–0.57); II, 0.45 ± 0.05 (0.38–0.57); III, 0.77 ± 0.08 (0.63–0.95); IV, 0.92 ± 0.07 (0.69–1.01); V, 1.49 ± 0.11 (1.13–1.58); length of rostrum segments: I, 0.88 ± 0.05 (0.76–1.01); II, 1.39 ± 0.07 (1.26–1.51); III, 0.97 ± 0.06 (0.82–1.07); IV, 0.86 ± 0.06 (0.76–0.95); total length, 8.07 ± 0.27 (7.50–8.50); abdominal width, 5.04 ± 0.23 (4.70–5.70).
Genitalia. Gonocoxites 8 little longer than wide; posterior margins sinuous; middle projection over laterotergites 9 and posterolateral projection over laterotergites 8 equally extended; sutural angles rounded; sutural margins bearing short setae, densely on posterior half; disc with low callus on middle, near posterior margin, sometimes with few short setae (fig. 8A—gc8). Laterotergites 8 as long as wide; middle light brown spot present in some specimens (fig. 8A—la8). Gonocoxites 9 trapezoidal; longitudinal suture conspicuous (fig 8A—gc9). Laterotergites 9 reaching at most the band connecting laterotergites 8; sutural angles not touching each other (fig. 8A—la9). Thickening of vaginal intima subrectangular (fig. 9A). Ring sclerites placed close to but not touching the lateral limits of the thickening of gonapophyses 9 (fig. 9A). Ductus receptaculi anterior to the vesicular area as wide as the intermediary duct; vesicular area at least three times longer than pars intermedialis plus capsula seminalis (fig. 9A). Length of tubular portion of ductus receptaculi posterior to the vesicular area equals half the length of vesicular area (fig. 9A). Pars intermedialis cylindrical, at least four times longer than capsula seminalis, the latter bearing apical processes (fig. 9A).
Comments. Xynocoris parvus comb. nov. emerged as part of a polytomy (clade N of Garbelotto et al. 2013 —as Alitocoris parvus) within the Xynocoris clade (fig. 1). Diagnostic characters of X. parvus are the relatively smaller size, an unobvious enlargement of the third antennal segments of males as already noticed by Sailer (1950), the anterolateral margins of pronotum slightly crenulated, the segment X of males with a clear limit between the sclerotized and the membranous areas (fig. 5 A—X), and the females with gonocoxites 8 projected over the base of laterotergites 9 (fig. 8A—gc8, la9).
Distribution. Panama, and the NEW RECORDS for Costa Rica, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil and Ecuador.
Material examined. COSTA RICA, Limon: Cairo, 1 male, 23.III.1944, F. Schrader, [10.1333; -83.5333], ♂156 (AMNH); Cartago: Turrialba, 1 male, 10.VI.1948, F. Schrader, [9.9000; -83.6833], ♂525 (AMNH); Puntarenas: (Las Cruces Field Sta (OTS) near San Vito, 1000m), 1 male, 24–27.V.1988, B. Ratcliffe & M. Jameson, [8.8333; -82.9667] (DBTC); (Est. Esquinas, Península de Osa, 200m), 1 female (Costa Rica Inbio CRI 0 0 1 928167) and 1 male (Costa Rica Inbio CRI 0 0 1 928168), IV.1993, J. F. Quesada, [8.6338; -83.4117], LS 301400_542200 # 2076 (INBio). PANAMA, Colon: Coco Solo (Coco Solo Hospital, Canal Zone), 2 females, 29.IV.1972, D. Engleman, [9.3700; -79.8817], L. T. (KSBS); Panama: Barro Colorado Isl. (Canal Zone R. P.), 1 male, 23.IV.1962, H. Ruckes, [9.1636; -79.8378], collected on NSF Grant G 9830 (AMNH); Las Cumbres, 1 female, 20.X.1976, Henk Wolda, [9.0833; -79.5333], Lt. Trap, 9°06’N 79°32’W (FSCA). VENEZUELA, (Kasmeza-zu), 1 female, 23.IX.1961, F. Fernenandez Y. C. J. Rosalis (MIZA); Miranda: Capaya (Est. Exp. Rio Negre, 100m), 1 male, 10–12.XI.1977, C. Andara & J. Clavijo, [10.4278; -66.2756] (MIZA); Aragua: Maracay (450m), 1 female, 2.IX.1963, E. Osuma, [10.2469; -67.5958], En la luz (MIZA); 1 female, 2.X.1963, E. Osuma, [10.2469; -67.5958] (MIZA); 1 female, 7.XI.1963, E. Osuma, [10.2469; -67.5958], En la luz (MIZA); El Limon (450m), 1 female, 13.IV.1963, E. Osuma, [9.8500; -66.9000], em luz (MIZA); 1 female, 22.V.1977, F. Fernandez Y., [9.8500; -66.9000], Luz de Mercúrio (MIZA); Carabobo: Samón Mocho, 1 female, 26.X.1983, [10.1206; - 67.8914], trampa de luz (MIZA); Tacarigua, 1 female, 26.IX.1977, J. Clavijo & C. Michelang, [10.0900; -67.9197] (MIZA). SURINAME, Paramaribo: Paramaribo, 1 female, 3.I.1946, “illegíble”, [5.8333; -55.1667], (UFRG). BRAZIL, (Brazil Mrs Munroe, Mrs L. I. Munroe Brazil) 1 female, (AMNH); Roraima: (Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maraca), 1 female, 18–28.VIII.1987, J. A. Rafael, L. S. Aquino, J. F. Vidal & Elias Binda, [3.4500; -60.9833], armadilha de luz, (INPA). ECUADOR, Napo: 5 females e 2 males, Puerto Misahuali (1650–1900ft), 6–19.IX.1998, J. E. Eger [-1.0345; -77.6637], 1°2’4.2’’S lat 77°39’49.2’’W long, Mercury vapor & ultraviolet lights (JEE).
description: Published as part of Garbelotto, Thereza De A., Campos, Luiz A. & Grazia, Jocelia, 2014, Xynocoris, new genus of Ochlerini from Central and South America (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae), pp. 281-305 in Zootaxa 3869 (3) on pages 285-287, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.3.4, http://zenodo.org/record/224795