cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary epitaxial alignment of graphene islands on Au(111)
Creators: name: Wofford, Joseph M.
name: Starodub, Elena
name: Walter, Andrew L.
name: Nie, Shu
name: Bostwick, Aaron
name: Bartelt, Norman C.
name: Thürmer, Konrad
name: Rotenberg, Eli
name: McCarty, Kevin F.
name: Dubon, Oscar D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pristine, single-crystalline graphene displays a unique collection of remarkable electronic properties that arise from its two-dimensional, honeycomb structure. Using in-situ low-energy electron microscopy, we show that when deposited on the (111) surface of Au carbon forms such a structure. The resulting monolayer, epitaxial film is formed by the coalescence of dendritic graphene islands that nucleate at a high density. Over 95% of these islands can be identically aligned with respect to each other and to the Au substrate. Remarkably, the dominant island orientation is not the better lattice-matched 30^{\circ} rotated orientation but instead one in which the graphene [01] and Au [011] in-plane directions are parallel. The epitaxial graphene film is only weakly coupled to the Au surface, which maintains its reconstruction under the slightly p-type doped graphene. The linear electronic dispersion characteristic of free-standing graphene is retained regardless of orientation. That a weakly interacting, non-lattice matched substrate is able to lock graphene into a particular orientation is surprising. This ability, however, makes Au(111) a promising substrate for the growth of single crystalline graphene films.
Voting Rights, Home Rule, and Metropolitan Governance: The Secession of Staten Island as a Case Study in the Dilemmas of Local Self-Determination
Creators: name: Briffault, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Home rule
subject: Metropolitan government
subject: Democracy
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Voting--Law and legislation
subject: Secession
subject: Local government--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: For legal scholars, the Staten Island secession raises a number of difficult disputes-disputes that nicely illustrate several dilemmas at the very heart of the notion of local self-government: What is a proper unit of local self-government, and how is that to be determined when two local governments quarrel over the same territory? What is the scope of home rule in the determination of local boundary questions? What is the appropriate structure of governance in metropolitan areas? This Article explores these issues. Part I traces the historical, political, and legal background to the current Staten Island secession dispute. Parts II and III consider the process of secession. As will be seen in Part II, the resolution of the referendum voting question requires a determination of what is the proper unit for local self-determination; yet the voting rights issue has arisen precisely be- cause the proper unit of local self-determination is in dispute. Part III will examine the effect of the state constitutional provision for local home rule on secession. Finally, Part IV considers the question of secession from the perspective of contemporary debates over the proper political organization of metropolitan areas.
Absorbing states of zero-temperature Glauber dynamics in random networks
Creators: name: Baek, Yongjoo
name: Ha, Meesoon
name: Jeong, Hawoong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study zero-temperature Glauber dynamics for Ising-like spin variable models in quenched random networks with random zero-magnetization initial conditions. In particular, we focus on the absorbing states of finite systems. While it has quite often been observed that Glauber dynamics lets the system be stuck into an absorbing state distinct from its ground state in the thermodynamic limit, very little is known about the likelihood of each absorbing state. In order to explore the variety of absorbing states, we investigate the probability distribution profile of the active link density after saturation as the system size $N$ and $$ vary. As a result, we find that the distribution of absorbing states can be split into two self-averaging peaks whose positions are determined by $$, one slightly above the ground state and the other farther away. Moreover, we suggest that the latter peak accounts for a non-vanishing portion of samples when $N$ goes to infinity while $$ stays fixed. Finally, we discuss the possible implications of our results on opinion dynamics models.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures (15 eps files); published version
title: Yeast Killer Fungus (YKF): characterisation of a promising antifungal compound against Candida species
Creators: name: Jorgji, Enea
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Fungal infections reduce the quality of life for 1.7 billon individuals worldwide killing approximately 1.6 million people every year. Candidemia is one of the most common fungal infections in humans, established from pathogenic Candida species. About 65% of candidemia cases arise from the commensal C. albicans. Emergence of resistance to current antifungal drugs is growing concern. The Kent Fungal Group has recently identified an organism named Yeast Killer Fungus (Resinicium bicolor). The novel YKF secrets a compound that demonstrates desirable traits for a promising antifungal agent. The aim of this Research Project is twofold: firstly, to characterise the antifungal bioactivity of the YKF compound; and secondly, to utilise biochemical approaches in order to identify the YKF compound. Firstly, a protocol was established to routinely test the antifungal properties of the YKF compound. During this experiment, it was determined that a fresh YKF culture supernatant (s/n) reaches its full potential at 14 days when stored at optimal 20-22°C, room temperature. In comparison, YKF s/n stored in 4-5°C temperature reached maximum antifungal strength after 34 days. Suggesting room temperature YKF antifungal compound deteriorates faster. Results presented in this thesis demonstrate that the YKF s/n inhibits the cellular growth of C. albicans and other Candida species including the emerging multi-drug resistant C. auris pathogen. Importantly, results presented in this thesis strongly indicate that the YKF compound if fungicidal agent as it is able to kill C. albicans cells. This is key as current antifungal drugs are mainly fungistatic, halting microbial growth. Mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the YKF compound had close extract spectra with tomatidine, a component synthesised by the tomato plant. However, the nature of the YKF compound still remains unknown. In conclusion, YKF expresses a strong susceptibility towards a broad range of Candida species and suitable fungicidal characteristics. Very beneficial for a future antifungal drug in the market.
title: Claudio Saltarini
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Claudio Saltarini as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Additional file 3 of Early morning off in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a Chinese nationwide study and a 7-question screening scale
Creators: name: Han, Chao
name: Mao, Wei
name: An, Jing
name: Jiao, Lifei
name: Chan, Piu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3 TableS3. Baseline variables significantly associated with dependency of daily living in multiple stepwise logistic regression model.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of auto-segmentation accuracy of cloud-based artificial intelligence and atlas-based models
Creators: name: Urago, Yuka
name: Okamoto, Hiroyuki
name: Kaneda, Tomoya
name: Murakami, Naoya
name: Kashihara, Tairo
name: Takemori, Mihiro
name: Nakayama, Hiroki
name: Iijima, Kotaro
name: Chiba, Takahito
name: Kuwahara, Junichi
name: Katsuta, Shouichi
name: Nakamura, Satoshi
name: Chang, Weishan
name: Saitoh, Hidetoshi
name: Igaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1: The workflow of the atlas-based segmentation.
Auflösung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Creators: name: Poleev, Andrej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch
German Civil Code
Insolvenz
Insolvenzverfahren
Zahlungsunfähigkeit
insolvency
Konkurs
bankruptcy
Entnazifizierung
denazification

description: Wegen Zahlungsunfähigkeit der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aufgrund willkürlicher Außerkraftsetzung der Rechtsordnung in diesem Staat infolge unerlaubter Handlungen und Unterlassungen seiner Bürger und Beamten, was zur Zerstörung gesellschaftlicher Grundlagen und zur Nichtigkeit des Gesellschaftsvertrags führte im Sinne von Paragraphen 313, 682, 687, 705, 706, 708, 709, 711 – 719 BGB, erkläre ich de facto bereits erfolgte Selbstauflösung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und löse de jure sie, ausnahmslos alle innerstaatliche Vereine, Gesellschaften, Unternehmen, Gerichte u.ä., sowie ihre außerstaatliche Bündnisse auf gemäß Paragraphen 726 und 728 BGB, Artikel 37 Berliner Verfassung.
Issues and Challenges in Orbital-free Density Functional Calculations
Creators: name: Karasiev, V. V.
name: Trickey, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving the Euler equation which corresponds to the energy minimum of a density functional expressed in orbital-free form involves related but distinct computational challenges. One is the choice between all-electron and pseudo-potential calculations and, if the latter, construction of the pseudo-potential. Another is the stability, speed, and accuracy of solution algorithms. Underlying both is the fundamental issue of satisfactory quality of the approximate functionals (kinetic energy and exchange-correlation). We address both computational issues and illustrate them by some comparative performance testing of our recently developed modified-conjoint generalized gradient approximation kinetic energy functionals. Comparisons are given for atoms, diatomic molecules, and some simple solids.
description: submitted to Computer Physics Communications
title: Exploring the Significance of the APOBEC3B Polymorphism on Cancer Risk
Creators: name: Paberzyte, Darija
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: Activity of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide‐like (APOBEC) deaminases on ssDNA have been ascribed to innate and adaptive immunity, restricting replication of viruses, retrotransposons, and triggering antibody diversification in B-cells. However, emerging studies have also shown implication of deregulated APOBEC3 subgroup members, in particular APOBEC3A and APOBEC3B, in cancer mutagenesis with ~15% of all sequenced tumours displaying C>T or C>G substitutions within TCW (where W = T or A) trinucleotide motif, generating distinctive mutational signatures 2 and 13, respectively. Mechanisms, inducing characteristic off-target activity are yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, APOBEC3A_B deletion polymorphism, resulting in a loss of entire APOBEC3B coding region, is naturally present in ~22% of global population and breast cancers from APOBEC3A_B carriers harbour a higher mutational load of signatures 2 and 13 than non-carriers. Additionally, recent work has showed that APOBEC3A_B deletion is associated with higher risk of breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the significance of APOBEC3B polymorphism on cancer risk for different regions by conducting an extensive metaanalysis of all published association studies. The results showed a significant association with breast and ovarian cancers, particularly in Asian cohorts. Moreover, single-cell cloning of novel isogenic model for APOBEC3A_B deletion was performed to identify successful clones, representing homozygous or heterozygous deletion for future studies. Lastly, Western blotting and immunochemical staining revealed APOBEC3B expression and subcellular localisation in the G2 and mitotic phases of the cell cycle, suggesting a potential novel function during cell division. This work will aid future APOBEC studies for understanding mechanisms driving carcinogenesis in deletion carriers, by firstly elucidating functions of APOBEC3B in healthy versus cancerous cells.
A Bayesian analysis of kaon photoproduction with the Regge-plus-resonance model
Creators: name: De Cruz, Lesley
name: Ryckebusch, Jan
name: Vrancx, Tom
name: Vancraeyveld, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the issue of unbiased model selection and propose a methodology based on Bayesian inference to extract physical information from kaon photoproduction $p(γ,K^+)Λ$ data. We use the single-channel Regge-plus-resonance (RPR) framework for $p(γ,K^+)Λ$ to illustrate the proposed strategy. The Bayesian evidence Z is a quantitative measure for the model's fitness given the world's data. We present a numerical method for performing the multidimensional integrals in the expression for the Bayesian evidence. We use the $p(γ,K^+)Λ$ data with an invariant energy W > 2.6 GeV in order to constrain the background contributions in the RPR framework with Bayesian inference. Next, the resonance information is extracted from the analysis of differential cross sections, single and double polarization observables. This background and resonance content constitutes the basis of a model which is coined RPR-2011. It is shown that RPR-2011 yields a comprehensive account of the kaon photoproduction data and provides reasonable predictions for $p(e,e' K^+)Λ$ observables.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures
title: Averardo Salviati
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Averardo Salviati as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Developments in the Law: Section 1983 and Federalism
Creators: name: Briffault, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1977
Subjects: subject: State action (Civil rights)
subject: Local government--Law and legislation
subject: Government liability
subject: Res judicata
subject: Autonomy
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Note will examine the enforcement of constitutional rights under section 1983 in light of the enhanced contemporary concern with state autonomy and integrity. In doing so, the goal is not only to suggest the ramifications of the concern with state interests on the 1983 action, but also to give some content to the vague contours of "Our Federalism." Part II examines the history of section 1983 against the background of events and evolving theories of federalism that shaped its development. The succeeding parts deal with product of that development. Part III focuses on the standards governing liability under section 1983 and the availability damages and injunctive relief. Parts IV, V, and VI examine judicially created doctrines which may restrict or foreclose 1983 plaintiff's access to a federal forum: the abstention, exhaustion, and Younger doctrines. Even if it were no longer true as it was when the Civil Rights Act of 1871 was passed and choice of a federal forum for 1983 actions guaranteed that state forums are generally less able or willing to enforce constitutional rights than their federal counterparts, forced resort to state remedies under one of these doctrines would burden or deprive the constitutional plaintiff of an opportunity to decide whether a particular state or federal forum is likely to prove more sympathetic to his claim. Finally, Part VII examines the application of res judicata principles to civil rights decisions in both state and federal courts.
Auflösung katholischer Kirche.
Creators: name: Poleev, Andrej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: katholische Kirche
catholic church
Vatikan
Vatican
Reichskonkordat
Neues Testament
New Testament
desacralization
Berliner Verfassung
Фонд конституционного строительства
Конституция общности Русь
Staatskirchenvertrag
denazification
Entnazifizierung

description: Die Auflösung katholischer Kirche erfolgt im Sinne von und gemäß Artikeln 7 und 37 Berliner Verfassung, Artikeln 7.5 und 7.6 der Konstitution der Gemeinschaft Rus‘, Paragraphen 2203, 2205, 2216 BGB. Durch diese Auflösung bleiben Bestimmungen des Artikels 29 Absatz 1 Berliner Verfassung nicht berührt.
Thermal X-ray Emission from the Shocked Stellar Wind of Pulsar Gamma-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Zabalza, V.
name: Bosch-Ramon, V.
name: Paredes, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray loud X-ray binaries are binary systems that show non-thermal broadband emission from radio to gamma rays. If the system comprises a massive star and a young non-accreting pulsar, their winds will collide producing broadband non-thermal emission, most likely originated in the shocked pulsar wind. Thermal X-ray emission is expected from the shocked stellar wind, but until now it has neither been detected nor studied in the context of gamma-ray binaries. We present a semi-analytic model of the thermal X-ray emission from the shocked stellar wind in pulsar gamma-ray binaries, and find that the thermal X-ray emission increases monotonically with the pulsar spin-down luminosity, reaching luminosities of the order of 10^33 erg/s. The lack of thermal features in the X-ray spectrum of gamma-ray binaries can then be used to constrain the properties of the pulsar and stellar winds. By fitting the observed X-ray spectra of gamma-ray binaries with a source model composed of an absorbed non-thermal power law and the computed thermal X-ray emission, we are able to derive upper limits on the spin-down luminosity of the putative pulsar. We applied this method to LS 5039, the only gamma-ray binary with a radial, powerful wind, and obtain an upper limit on the pulsar spin-down luminosity of ~6x10^36 erg/s. Given the energetic constraints from its high-energy gamma-ray emission, a non-thermal to spin-down luminosity ratio very close to unity may be required.
description: Published in ApJ. 9 pages, 6 figures
Coordination Reconsidered
Creators: name: Briffault, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Election law
subject: Investment of public funds--Law and legislation
subject: Campaign funds
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: At the heart of American campaign finance law is the distinction drawn by the Supreme Court in Buckley v. Valeo between contributions and expenditures. According to the Court, contributions may be limited because they pose the dangers of corruption and the appearance of corruption, but expenditures pose no such dangers and therefore may not be limited. The distinction between the two types of campaign spending turns not on the form-the fact that contributions proceed from a donor to a candidate, while expenditures involve direct efforts to influence the voters-but on whether the campaign practice implicates the corruption concerns that the Court has held justify campaign finance regulation. As a result, not all expenditures are exempt from restriction. Independent expenditures undertaken by an individual or group in support of a candidate or against her opponent are constitutionally protected from limitation. In the Court's view "[t]he absence of prearrangement and coordination of an expenditure with the candidate or his agent not only undermines the value of the expenditure to the candidate, but also alleviates the danger that expenditures will be given as a quid pro quo for improper commitments from the candidate." But, as Buckley found, expenditures by supporters of a candidate that are coordinated with the candidate benefited are in reality "disguised contributions" that pose the same corruption dangers as outright contributions. Congress can regulate such coordinated expenditures as contributions, and, indeed, has done so in order to distinguish between "independent expressions of an individual's views and the use of an individual's resources to aid in a manner indistinguishable in substance from the direct payment of cash" to a candidate. As the Supreme Court has noted approvingly, "Congress drew a functional, not a formal, line between contributions and expenditures." This coordination/independence distinction is, thus, critical to maintaining the integrity of the foundational contribution/expenditure distinction.
The effect of preferential view direction on measured urban surface temperature
Creators: name: Adderley, Christopher David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This study aimed to determine the complete surface temperature T0,C of an urban system and quantify the bias of sensors with preferential views (satellite, hemispherical) on sensed urban surface temperature. A thermal camera emplaced on a tower in a street canyon in Vancouver, Canada recorded panoramas of surface temperature. Techniques from micrometeorology, and computer vision/graphics were combined to project this data onto a 3D model of the urban structure surrounding the tower, which was derived from photogrammetry and airborne LiDaR data, then correct sensed brightness temperatures for atmospheric and emissivity effects. Facets of the 3D model not seen from the tower were gap filled statistically with data from other areas. Roofs were the warmest in the daytime and coolest at night, while the ground followed an opposite trend. Wall surface temperatures fell in-between with variation dependent on orientation and material. T0,C followed the trends in Voogt & Oke (1997), lower than roof and ground surface temperatures but higher than wall surface temperatures during the daytime, with an opposite trend at night. A narrow field of view sensor and a hemispherical radiometer were simulated at varying locations in and above the canyon. Recovered simulated brightness temperatures showed that T0,C was exceeded during the daytime by simulated at-nadir brightness temperatures TB,nad by up to 2.2 K and undervalued by up to 1.6 K at night due to emissivity and anisotropic effects (-0.7 K and +2.9 K respectively). This difference is due to anisotropic effects which were up to 3.5 K for this urban structure, following street canyon orientation. Simulations of radiometers with hemispherical views showed that the horizontal placement of a radiometer measuring L↑ in and above a street canyon causes the recovered flux to vary by up to 120 W m-2. Horizontal variation was reduced when the radiometer is placed at sufficient height above the ground surface (5 times building height), where simulated L↑ measurements converge to a single value. Surface temperatures determined from L↑ are in approximate agreement with T0,C but showed an RMSE of 1.8 K which is larger than the RMSE between T0,C and TB,nad (1.4 K).
Search for solar axions produced by Compton process and bremsstrahlung using axioelectric effect
Creators: name: Derbin, A. V.
name: Drachnev, I. S.
name: Kayunov, A. S.
name: Muratova, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The axio-electric effect in silicon atoms is sought for solar axions appearing owing to bremsstrahlung and the Compton process. Axions are detected using a Si(Li) detector placed in a low-background setup. As a result, a model-independent constraint on the axion-electron coupling constant $|g_{Ae}| \leq 2.2\times 10^{-10}$ has been obtained, which leads to the bounds $m_{A}\leq$ 7.9 eV and $m_{A}\leq$ 1.4 keV for the mass of the axion in the DFSZ and KSVZ models, respectively (90% C.L.).
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, corrected typo in fig.1
First-principles atomistic Wulff constructions for gold nanoparticles
Creators: name: Barmparis, Georgios D.
name: Remediakis, Ioannis N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational study for the equilibrium shape of gold nanoparticles. By linking extensive quantum-mechanical calculations, based on Density-Functional Theory (DFT) to Wulff construction, we predict equilibrium shapes that are in good agreement with experimental observa- tions. We discuss the effect of the interactions between a nanoparticle and the encapsulating material on the equilibrium shape. As an example, we calculate adsorption of CO on several different Au(hkl) and use the results to explain the experimentally observed shape change of Au nanoparticles.
title: The Introduction of Personal Bankruptcy Law in China:A Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: Xie, Pingyao
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This thesis is a comparative research study looking at the question of whether China is an exception when considering the lack of necessity for the introduction of laws relating to personal bankruptcy. Firstly, this thesis discusses the function of a personal bankruptcy system and considers how personal bankruptcy law functions as a form of social insurance from a theoretical perspective. Then, the thesis discusses how different jurisdictions design the framework of personal bankruptcy law. Countries embrace the insurance function of insolvency law differently. In addition to describing the institutional framework in different jurisdictions, it also explores how the law is shaped and what Chinese policymakers can learn from the experiences of the legislative process in other jurisdictions. After learning from experiences from other countries, this thesis discusses the necessity for the introduction of personal bankruptcy law in China. It argues that the growth of consumer credit will lead to individual over-indebtedness. Accordingly, Chinese policymakers should think about the response to over-indebtedness in advance. Then, the thesis demonstrates that current solutions to overindebtedness are not effective so that a personal bankruptcy system is necessary. However, introducing personal bankruptcy law is not an easy task in the Chinese context and this thesis discusses the obstacles to introducing a personal bankruptcy system in China. It focuses on whether there are any obstacles relating to infrastructure and cultural factors likely to be encountered when introducing the personal bankruptcy law. In the last chapter, this thesis analyses the institutional framework of personal bankruptcy regulation at local level. It discusses how lawmakers in China embrace the insolvency law’s insurance function.
Acoustic Communication for Medical Nanorobots
Creators: name: Hogg, Tad
name: Freitas, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Communication among microscopic robots (nanorobots) can coordinate their activities for biomedical tasks. The feasibility of in vivo ultrasonic communication is evaluated for micron-size robots broadcasting into various types of tissues. Frequencies between 10MHz and 300MHz give the best tradeoff between efficient acoustic generation and attenuation for communication over distances of about 100 microns. Based on these results, we find power available from ambient oxygen and glucose in the bloodstream can readily support communication rates of about 10,000 bits/second between micron-sized robots. We discuss techniques, such as directional acoustic beams, that can increase this rate. The acoustic pressure fields enabling this communication are unlikely to damage nearby tissue, and short bursts at considerably higher power could be of therapeutic use.
description: added discussion of communication channel capacity in section 7
The Agency Costs of Agency Capitalism: Activist Investors and the Revaluation of Governance Rights
Creators: name: Gilson, Ronald J.
name: Gordon, Jeffrey N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Corporate governance
subject: Agency costs
subject: Hedge funds
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Business
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Equity ownership in the United States no longer reflects the dispersed share ownership of the canonical Berle-Means firm. Instead, we observe the reconcentration of ownership in the hands of institutional investment intermediaries, which gives rise to what we call “the agency costs of agency capitalism.” This ownership change has occurred because of (i) political decisions to privatize the provision of retirement savings and to require funding of such provision and (ii) capital market developments that favor investment intermediaries offering low cost diversified investment vehicles. A new set of agency costs arise because in addition to divergence between the interests of record owners and the firm’s managers, there is divergence between the interests of record owners – the institutional investors – and the beneficial owners of those institutional stakes. The business model of key investment intermediaries like mutual funds, which focus on increasing assets under management through superior relative performance, undermines their incentive and competence to engage in active monitoring of portfolio company performance. Such investors will be “rationally reticent” – willing to respond to governance proposals but not to propose them. We posit that shareholder activists should be seen as playing a specialized capital market role of setting up intervention proposals for resolution by institutional investors. The effect is to potentiate institutional investor voice, to increase the value of the vote, and thereby to reduce the agency costs we have identified. We therefore argue against recent proposed regulatory changes that would undercut shareholder activists’ economic incentives by making it harder to assemble a meaningful toe-hold position in a potential target.
AHILA Data Workshop 2023 Session 4: Establishing Context - Research Lifecycle and Librarian Roles
Creators: name: Carson, Matt
name: Seymour, Anne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this session, we discuss the research data lifecycle from a researcher perspective, engagement points and roles for librarians, and an example of how our health science library supports the needs of researchers through consultation and training services.
Economically Benevolent Dictators: Lessons for Developing Democracies
Creators: name: Gilson, Ronald J.
name: Milhaupt, Curtis J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Economic development
subject: Dictators
subject: New democracies
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: The post-war experience of developing countries leads to two depressing conclusions: only a small number of countries have successfully developed; and development theory has not produced development In this Article we examine one critical fact that might provide insights into the development conundrum: some autocratic regimes have fundamentally transformed their economies, despite serious deficiencies along a range of other dimensions. Our aim is to understand how growth came about in these regimes, and whether emerging democracies might learn something important from these experiences.

Our thesis is that in these economically successful countries, the authoritarian regime managed a critical juncture in the country's development--entry into global commerce by the transition from small scale, relational exchange, to exchange where performance is sup ported by government action, whether based on the potential for formal third party enforcement or by the threat of informal government sanctions. Compared to a weak democracy, a growth-favoring dictator may have an advantage in overcoming political economy obstacles to credibly committing that rent seeking will not dissipate private investment.

We explore this hypothesis by examining the successful development experiences of three countries in the late twentieth century: Chile under Augusto Pinochet; South Korea under Park Chung-Hee; and China under Deng Xiaoping and his successors. Although the macroeconomic policies and institutional strategies of the three countries differed significantly, each ruler found ways to credibly commit his regime to growth. Decades of law reform activity by the World Bank, IMF, and other international organizations, along with a vast academic literature, assume that an impartial judiciary is the key to the transition from relational to market exchange. Our study reveals that a variety of alternatives are possible.

We then consider a now familiar question raised about contemporary China: does economic development inexorably lead to political liberalization? The conventional wisdom says yes, drawing support from the experience of Chile and South Korea. We show that the conventional wisdom overlooks important features of the Chilean and Korean historical experiences that bear directly on China. The same incentive structures that have propelled Chinese economic growth are likely to slow political liberalization.
Confluent A-hypergeometric functions and rapid decay homology cycles
Creators: name: Esterov, Alexander
name: Takeuchi, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M25, 32S40, 32S60, 33C15, 35A27

description: We study confluent A-hypergeometric functions introduced by Adolphson. In particular, we give their integral representations by using rapid decay homology cycles of Hien and obtain a formula for the asymptotic expansions at infinity of confluent A-hypergeometric functions.
description: 40 pages with an addendum on the case of resonant parameters
Marriage, Domestic Partnership, and the Future of "Separate But Equal"
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Gay couples
subject: Same-sex marriage--Law and legislation--U.S. states
subject: Marriage law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Since Brown v. Board of Education, constitutional challenges to “separate but equal” rules have arisen in a variety of additional contexts, and courts have continued to look to “facts” and “modern research” about the separately treated group or issue to reach their decisions. Today, one cutting-edge location for studying how social change may reshape “natural” differences into legally intolerable classifications is in the roiling conflict over whether same-sex couples should be recognized via marriage or civil unions (or domestic partnerships, as the status is known in some states). As in the early race and sex discrimination cases, many courts (and elected officials) have studiously avoided addressing the implications of the “separate but equal” relationship-recognition rules they are being asked to evaluate.
The Political Parties and Campaign Finance Reform
Creators: name: Briffault, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Election law
subject: Investment of public funds--Law and legislation
subject: Campaign funds
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Recent campaign finance innovations of the major political parties have blown large and widening holes in federal campaign finance regulation. The relationship between parties and candidates also challenges basic doctrinal categories of campaign finance law. The Constitution permits regulation of campaign finances to deal with the danger of corruption. But some judges and commentators have argued that the parties present danger of corruption. This Article finds that, although parties play a positive role in funding campaigns, certain party practices raise the specter corruption in the constitutional sense. Moreover, due to the close connection between parties and candidates, and the parties' role in linking private donors to key participants in the legislative process, party campaign practices may, constitutionally, be subject to greater regulation than comparable practices of nonparty political organizations. The Article presents specific proposals for dealing with the party activities that have undermined campaign finance law, and argues that such reforms would also bolster the positive the parties play in the political process.
title: Eugenio di Savoia
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Eugenio di Savoia as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Maxwell-like Lagrangians for higher spins
Creators: name: Campoleoni, Andrea
name: Francia, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how implementing invariance under divergence-free gauge transformations leads to a remarkably simple Lagrangian description of massless bosons of any spin. Our construction covers both flat and (A)dS backgrounds and extends to tensors of arbitrary mixed-symmetry type. Irreducible and traceless fields produce single-particle actions, while whenever trace constraints can be dispensed with the resulting Lagrangians display the same reducible, multi-particle spectra as those emerging from the tensionless limit of free open-string field theory. For all explored options the corresponding kinetic operators take essentially the same form as in the spin-one, Maxwell case.
description: 77 pages, revised version. Erroneous interpretation and proof of the gauge-fixing procedure for mixed-symmetry fields corrected. As a consequence, the mixed-symmetry, one-particle Lagrangians are to be complemented with conditions on the divergences of the fields; all other conclusions unchanged. Additional minor changes including references added. To appear in JHEP
Effects of post-Newtonian Spin Alignment on the Distribution of Black-Hole Recoils
Creators: name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Kesden, Michael
name: Sperhake, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent numerical relativity simulations have shown that the final black hole produced in a binary merger can recoil with a velocity as large as 5,000 km/s. Because of enhanced gravitational-wave emission in the so-called "hang-up" configurations, this maximum recoil occurs when the black-hole spins are partially aligned with the orbital angular momentum. We revisit our previous statistical analysis of post-Newtonian evolutions of black-hole binaries in the light of these new findings. We demonstrate that despite these new configurations with enhanced recoil velocities, spin alignment during the post-Newtonian stage of the inspiral will still significantly suppress (or enhance) kick magnitudes when the initial spin of the more massive black hole is more (or less) closely aligned with the orbital angular momentum than that of the smaller hole. We present a preliminary study of how this post-Newtonian spin alignment affects the ejection probabilities of supermassive black holes from their host galaxies with astrophysically motivated mass ratio and initial spin distributions. We find that spin alignment suppresses (enhances) ejection probabilities by ~ 40% (20%) for an observationally motivated mass-dependent galactic escape velocity, and by an even greater amount for a constant escape velocity of 1,000 km/s. Kick suppression is thus at least a factor two more efficient than enhancement.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Added a second panel to figure 1. Minor changes to the text in response to the referee's comments
The Higgs as a Probe of Supersymmetric Extra Sectors
Creators: name: Heckman, Jonathan J.
name: Kumar, Piyush
name: Wecht, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general method for calculating the leading contributions to h -> gg and h -> gamma gamma in models where the Higgs weakly mixes with a nearly supersymmetric extra sector. Such mixing terms can play an important role in raising the Higgs mass relative to the value expected in the MSSM. Our method applies even when the extra sector is strongly coupled, and moreover does not require a microscopic Lagrangian description. Using constraints from holomorphy we fix the leading parametric form of the contributions to these Higgs processes, including the Higgs mixing angle dependence, up to an overall coefficient. Moreover, when the Higgs is the sole source of mass for a superconformal sector, we show that even this coefficient is often calculable. For appropriate mixing angles, the contribution of the extra states to h -> gg and h -> gamma gamma can vanish. We also discuss how current experimental limits already lead to non-trivial constraints on such models. Finally, we provide examples of extra sectors which satisfy the requirements necessary to use the holomorphic approximation.
description: v4: 34 pages, 2 figures, typo corrected and clarification added
Constitutional Tipping Points: Civil Rights, Social Change, and Fact-Based Adjudication
Creators: name: Goldberg, Suzanne B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Social change
subject: Social groups
subject: Judicial process
subject: Civil rights
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Article offers an account of how courts respond to social change, with a specific focus on the process by which courts “tip” from one understanding of a social group and its constitutional claims to another. Adjudication of equal protection and due process claims, in particular, requires courts to make normative judgments regarding the effect of traits such as race, sex, sexual orientation, or mental retardation on group members’ status and capacity. Yet, Professor Goldberg argues, courts commonly approach decisionmaking by focusing only on the “facts” about a social group, an approach that she terms “fact-based adjudication.” Professor Goldberg critiques this approach for its flawed premise that restrictions on social groups can be evaluated based on facts alone and its role in obscuring judicial involvement in selecting among competing norms. The Article also observes that because fact-based adjudication enables courts to leave norms unacknowledged, it does serve the judiciary’s institutional interests by maximizing flexibility for future decisionmaking regarding restrictions on group members’ rights. At the same time, however, this approach facilitates inconsistency in theory and outcome by enabling courts to variously embrace and reject traditional rationales for restricting social groups without having to justify the inconsistent treatment of group-related norms. As a possible remedy for these flaws, the Article considers the costs and benefits of greater judicial candor regarding the normative underpinning of decisions. Although Professor Goldberg ultimately advocates only a limited modification to the current fact-based adjudication regime, she concludes that our theories of judicial review will improve, both with respect to descriptive accuracy and normative bite, to the extent they recognize the inevitable judicial involvement in making normative judgments about social groups.
Additional file 2 of Evaluation of auto-segmentation accuracy of cloud-based artificial intelligence and atlas-based models
Creators: name: Urago, Yuka
name: Okamoto, Hiroyuki
name: Kaneda, Tomoya
name: Murakami, Naoya
name: Kashihara, Tairo
name: Takemori, Mihiro
name: Nakayama, Hiroki
name: Iijima, Kotaro
name: Chiba, Takahito
name: Kuwahara, Junichi
name: Katsuta, Shouichi
name: Nakamura, Satoshi
name: Chang, Weishan
name: Saitoh, Hidetoshi
name: Igaki, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary Table 1: The Pearson's correlation coefficient r of volume and metrics in the bladder and rectum for the atlas-based segmentation and the AI-based segmentation.
On the non-stationarity of financial time series: impact on optimal portfolio selection
Creators: name: Livan, Giacomo
name: Inoue, Jun-ichi
name: Scalas, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible drawbacks of employing the standard Pearson estimator to measure correlation coefficients between financial stocks in the presence of non-stationary behavior, and we provide empirical evidence against the well-established common knowledge that using longer price time series provides better, more accurate, correlation estimates. Then, we investigate the possible consequences of instabilities in empirical correlation coefficient measurements on optimal portfolio selection. We rely on previously published works which provide a framework allowing to take into account possible risk underestimations due to the non-optimality of the portfolio weights being used in order to distinguish such non-optimality effects from risk underestimations genuinely due to non-stationarities. We interpret such results in terms of instabilities in some spectral properties of portfolio correlation matrices.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures (revised version)