cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synergies between educational science research and teacher training: An illustration of research as supporting training of future primary school teachers
Creators: name: Van Nieuwenhoven, Catherine
name: Leroux, Louise
name: Colognesi, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Academia
Year: 2020
Subjects: Educational sciences research – teacher training – effective practices – partnership – research place

description: Our contribution highlights the succession of curricular reforms in pre-service teacher education. Indeed, in moving from a three-year diploma course to a Master's degree, the challenge is both to invest research in training curricula and to develop the role of research use among future teachers with a view to improving their practices. After the changes in teacher training are presented, an example of an innovative scheme that combines the results of recent research on effective teaching practices and the transformation of the practices of both trainers and future teachers is given. This innovative system attests to the possibility of collaboration between researchers and teacher trainers, whose expertise can stimulate the appropriation of knowledge from research in improving teaching practices, from initial training onwards.
description: Academia, No 22 (2021)
Quels usages des savoirs des sciences de l’éducation dans les textes produits en formation initiale ?
Creators: name: Balslev, Kristine
name: Naef, Lora
name: Guzzo, Célia
name: Lussi Borer, Valérie
name: Perréard Vité, Anne
Publisher: name: Academia
Year: 2020
Subjects: Teacher education, reflective writing, professional development, professional knowledge

description: Dans la formation professionalisante des enseignants, les savoirs issus des sciences de l’éducation sont proposés aux étudiant-es pour – entre autres – les outiller à analyser et interpréter leurs expériences vécues lors des stages et pour anticiper l’entrée dans la profession enseignante. Les textes réflexifs visant l’intégration entre éléments théoriques et expériences professionnelles ont particulièrement cette vocation-là. Dans une perspective longitudinale, la présente contribution analyse les textes d’intégration écrits par six étudiantes tout au long de leur formation en cernant les thèmes abordés, les usages faits des savoirs issus des sciences de l’éducation, les postures adoptées ainsi que les régulations relatées et projetées. Nos résultats mettent en avant une variété importante d’usages des références théoriques, une tension entre plusieurs postures et une prédominance d’une forme d’écriture académique s’éloignant du terrain professionnel en fin de formation. In teacher training, knowledge from educational sciences is offered to students in order to - among other things - bring them to analyse and interpret their experiences during internships and to anticipate their entry into the teaching profession. Reflective texts aiming at the integration of theoretical elements and professional experiences have this particular objective. In a longitudinal perspective, this contribution analyzes integrative texts written by six prospective teachers throughout their training program by identifying the themes discussed, the uses made of knowledge from educational sciences, the postures adopted, and the conceptual, procedural or dispositional changes described. Our results highlight an important variety of uses of theoretical references, a tension between several postures and a predominance of a form of academic writing that moves away from the professional field at the end of the training program.
description: Academia, No 22 (2021)
Conformal Wasserstein Distance: II. Computational Aspects and Extensions
Creators: name: Lipman, Yaron
name: Puente, Jesus
name: Daubechies, Ingrid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is a companion paper to [Lipman and Daubechies 2011]. We provide numerical procedures and algorithms for computing the alignment of and distance between two disk type surfaces. We provide a convergence analysis of the discrete approximation to the arising mass-transportation problems. We furthermore generalize the framework to support sphere-type surfaces, and prove a result connecting this distance to local geodesic distortion. Lastly, we provide numerical experiments on several surfaces' datasets and compare to state of the art method.
Models of gradient type with sub-quadratic actions and their scaling limits
Creators: name: Ye, Zichun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The main results of this thesis concern models of gradient type with sub-quadratic actions and their scaling limits. The model of gradient type is the density of a collection of real-valued random variables Φ := {Φx : x ∈ Λ } given by ℤ-¹ exp(-∑ j∼k V(Φj-Φk)) the Gibbs measure with nearest neighbor interaction and the potential function V. We focus our study on the case that V(∇Φ) = [1+(∇Φ)²]^α with 0 < α < 1/2, which is a non-convex potential. The first result concerns the thermodynamic limits of the model of gradient type. We introduce an auxiliary field for each edge and represent the model as the marginal of a model with log-concave density. Based on this method, we prove that finite moments of the fields [v.Φ]^p are bounded uniformly in the volume for the finite volume measure. This bound leads to the existence of infinite volume measures. The second result is the random walk representation and the scaling limit of the translation-invariant, ergodic gradient infinite volume Gibbs measure. We represent every infinite volume Gibbs measure as a mixture over Gaussian gradient measures with a random coupling constant w xy for each edge. With such representation, we give an estimation on the decay of the two point correlation function. Then by the quenched functional central limit theorem in random conductance model, we prove that every ergodic, infinite volume Gibbs measure with mean zero for the potential V above scales to a Gaussian free field.
Dynamical origin and the pole structure of X(3872)
Creators: name: Danilkin, I. V.
name: Simonov, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical mechanism of channel coupling with the decay channels is applied to the case of coupled charmonium - $DD^*$ states with $J^{PC}=1^{++}$. A pole analysis is done and the $DD^*$ production cross section is calculated in qualitative agreement with experiment. The sharp peak at the $D_0D^*_0$ threshold and flat background are shown to be due to Breit-Wigner resonance, shifted by channel coupling from the original position of 3954 MeV for the $2^3P_1$, $Q\bar Q$ state. A similar analysis, applied to the $n=2$, $^3P_2$, $^1P_1$, $^3P_0$, allows us to associate the first one with the observed $Z(3930)$ J=2 and explains the destiny of $^3P_0$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Les relations professeur(e)s-étudiant(e)s : de la séduction à la prédation* ou Le sexe à l’université, qu’y faire ?
Creators: name: Marmoz, Louis
Publisher: name: Academia
Year: 2020
Subjects: Université; relation pédagogique; séduction; soumission; harcèlement; relations sexuelles; déontologie

description: Cet article traite d'un type de harcèlement particulier au monde universitaire, le harcèlement sexuel de la part d'enseignant(e)s vis à vis d'étudiant(e)s. Ce type de harcèlement peut sembler spécifique par rapport à ceux que l'on peut trouver dans le reste de la société car il utilise le sentiment de confiance qui doit être à la base de la relation pédagogique, en particulier lors de travaux "en proximité" comme la préparation de thèses de doctorat. La siuation inégalitaire -de fait- de l'enseignant(e) et de l'étudiant(e) induit des sentiments d'admiration, de dépendance et de soumission qui fragilisent l'étudiant(e) et peuvent ouvrir à des comportements prédateurs de la part des enseignant(e)s. Que l'étudiant(e) soit "sous le charme" ou qu'il subisse des violences explicites, il apparait minoré dans son projet personnel, dans sa personne même, objectivée par "son maitre". Sociologues et analystes aident à mieux comprendre ce phénomène que les juristes ont du mal à maîtriser, d'autant plus que les dénonciations qui peuvent être faites de ces comportements le sont de phénomènes habituellement vécus "en privé" et que certaines de ces dénonciations peuvent aussi viser d'autres buts que la sauvegarde d'une morale professionnelle.
description: Academia, No 22 (2021)
Reconciling observed GRB prompt spectra with synchrotron radiation ?
Creators: name: Daigne, F.
name: Bosnjak, Z.
name: Dubus, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged)Prompt GRB emission is often interpreted as synchrotron radiation from high-energy electrons accelerated in internal shocks. Fast synchrotron cooling predicts that the photon index below the spectral peak is alpha=-3/2. This differs significantly from the observed median value alpha \approx -1. We quantify the influence of inverse Compton and adiabatic cooling on alpha to understand whether these processes can reconcile the observations with a synchrotron origin. We use a time-dependent code that follows both the shock dynamics and electron energy losses. We investigate the dependence of alpha on the parameters of the model. Slopes between -3/2 and -1 are reached when electrons suffer IC losses in the Klein-Nishina regime. This does not necessarily imply a strong IC component in the Fermi/LAT range because scatterings are only moderately efficient. Steep slopes require that a large fraction (10-30%) of the dissipated energy is given to a small fraction (50%) when adiabatic cooling is comparable with radiative cooling (marginally fast cooling). This requires collisions at small radii and/or with low magnetic fields. Amending the standard fast cooling scenario to account for IC cooling naturally leads to alpha up to -1. Marginally fast cooling may also account for alpha up to -2/3, although the conditions required are more difficult to reach. About 20% of GRBs show spectra with slopes alpha>-2/3. Other effects, not investigated here, such as a thermal component in the electron distribution or pair production by HE photons may further affect alpha. Still, the majority of observed GRB prompt spectra can be reconciled with a synchrotron origin, constraining the microphysics of mildly relativistic internal shocks.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A (10/10/2010)
Vision-Based Navigation III: Pose and Motion from Omnidirectional Optical Flow and a Digital Terrain Map
Creators: name: Lerner, Ronen
name: Kupervasser, Oleg
name: Rivlin, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.5; E.4; E.2; H.1.1; F.1.1; F.1.3
subject: 68T45

description: An algorithm for pose and motion estimation using corresponding features in omnidirectional images and a digital terrain map is proposed. In previous paper, such algorithm for regular camera was considered. Using a Digital Terrain (or Digital Elevation) Map (DTM/DEM) as a global reference enables recovering the absolute position and orientation of the camera. In order to do this, the DTM is used to formulate a constraint between corresponding features in two consecutive frames. In this paper, these constraints are extended to handle non-central projection, as is the case with many omnidirectional systems. The utilization of omnidirectional data is shown to improve the robustness and accuracy of the navigation algorithm. The feasibility of this algorithm is established through lab experimentation with two kinds of omnidirectional acquisition systems. The first one is polydioptric cameras while the second is catadioptric camera.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Rendez-vous of dwarfs
Creators: name: Uklein, R. I.
name: Makarov, D. I.
name: Roychowdhury, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of multiple system of dwarf galaxies at the Russian 6-m telescope and the GMRT (Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope). The optical observations are a part of the programme Study of Groups of Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Supercluster. The group of galaxies under consideration looks like filament of 5 dwarfs. Two faint galaxies show peculiar structure. Long slit spectrum reveals inner motions about 150 km/s in one of them. It suggests that the galaxy is on stage of ongoing interaction. Probably, we see the group in moment of its formation.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures; to appear in the proceedings of the conference "A Universe of dwarf galaxies" (Lyon, June 14-18, 2010)
Neutrino Masses, Gravitational Weakness, and the Dark Sector:  An Empirical Quantum Gravity Foundation
Creators: name: Yablon, Jay R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neutrinos
subject: Gravitation
subject: Dark matter
subject: Quantum physics
subject: Quantum field theory

description: This article establishes a direct physical connection between the small masses of left-chiral neutrinos and the weakness of gravitational interactions, addressing a fundamental mystery in physics.  By extending Gatto-Sartori-Tonin (GST) relations to vacuum expectation values and lepton masses, we derive an empirical link that embeds neutrino masses within the Einstein equation, revealing their critical role in suppressing gravitational strength.  We obtain refined predictions for PMNS mixing angles, and for the individual left-chiral neutrino masses, summing to 0.0790 ± 0.0034 eV for normal ordering and 0.0763 ± 0.0022 eV for inverted ordering, consistent with the empirical range of 0.06 to 0.12 eV.  We reveal a symmetry that unifies gravitational and weak interactions via simultaneous chiral and vacuum expectation value (vev) swaps, providing a natural seesaw solution to the hierarchy problem that also predicts right-chiral masses.  We introduce a renormalizable Lagrangian density for quantum gravity, mediated by gravitinos, neutrino loops, and gravitons, which elucidates how tiny neutrino masses weaken gravitational interactions, illustrated in Figure 1.  Extending this framework to cosmology, we demonstrate how a positive cosmological constant drives the emergence of dark energy and dark matter, with gravitons identified as dark energy quanta and neutrino loops as dark matter quanta.  We also refine cosmological density parameters and provide empirical estimates for dark sector quanta densities, offering experimentally testable predictions.  This establishes an empirical foundation for a complete quantum gravity theory.
The first order hydrodynamics via AdS/CFT correspondence in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Hu, Ya-Peng
name: Li, Huai-Fan
name: Nie, Zhang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the spirit of the AdS/CFT correspondence, we investigate the hydrodynamics of the dual conformal field in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity. By considering the parameters of the boosted black brane in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity as functions of boundary coordinates, and then solving the corresponding correction terms, we calculate the first order stress-energy tensor of the dual conformal field. From this first order stress-energy tensor, we also obtain the shear viscosity and entropy density. And these results are consistent with those of some previous works from the effective coupling of gravitons.
description: v4: 14 pages, no figure, some typos corrected and minor changes based on the JHEP verison for more consistency
Neutrino Masses, Gravitational Weakness, and the Dark Sector:  An Empirical Quantum Gravity Foundation
Creators: name: Yablon, Jay R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neutrinos
subject: Gravitation
subject: Dark matter

description: This article establishes a direct physical connection between the small masses of left-chiral neutrinos and the weakness of gravitational interactions, addressing a fundamental mystery in physics.  By extending Gatto-Sartori-Tonin (GST) relations to vacuum expectation values and lepton masses, we derive an empirical link that embeds neutrino masses within the Einstein equation, revealing their critical role in suppressing gravitational strength.  We obtain refined predictions for PMNS mixing angles, and for the individual left-chiral neutrino masses, summing to 0.0790 ± 0.0034 eV for normal ordering and 0.0763 ± 0.0022 eV for inverted ordering, consistent with the empirical range of 0.06 to 0.12 eV.  We reveal a symmetry that unifies gravitational and weak interactions via simultaneous chiral and vacuum expectation value (vev) swaps, providing a natural seesaw solution to the hierarchy problem that also predicts right-chiral masses.  We introduce a renormalizable Lagrangian density for quantum gravity, mediated by gravitinos, neutrino loops, and gravitons, which elucidates how tiny neutrino masses weaken gravitational interactions, illustrated in Figure 1.  Extending this framework to cosmology, we demonstrate how a positive cosmological constant drives the emergence of dark energy and dark matter, with gravitons identified as dark energy quanta and neutrino loops as dark matter quanta.  We also refine cosmological density parameters and provide empirical estimates for dark sector quanta densities, offering experimentally testable predictions.  This establishes an empirical foundation for a complete quantum gravity theory.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of phosphorus-containing flame retardants
Creators: name: Priegert, Andrew Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: Phosphorus-containing flame retardants were synthesized and a variety of strategies for rendering them non-leachable were investigated. Chapter 1 gives a history of flame retardants, with a focus on the issues associated with their usage. An introduction to the mechanisms of flame retardancy and the effect of flame retardants on the thermal degradation of polymeric materials is also given. An overview of the different methods of incorporating phosphorus-containing flame retardants into polymeric materials is included. Chapter 2 described the synthesis of a poly(methylene phosphine) and its oxide by the addition polymerization of MesP=CPh₂. These polymers are moderately effective non-leachable flame retardants when tested by thermogravimetric analysis, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) Standard Method T461 cm-00, and Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). The C-H activated microstructure of two poly(methylene phosphine)s, synthesized by the anionic polymerization of ArP=CPh₂ (Ar = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Mes; 2,6-dimethylphenyl, Xyl), is investigated in Chapter 3 using model chemistry and NMR spectroscopic analysis. A mechanism for the anionic polymerization of phosphaalkenes in which a C-H activation occurs is proposed based on kinetic studies, isotopic labelling, and theoretical calculations. The synthesis of the molecular cyclophosphazene-based flame retardant hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene is reported in Chapter 4. This phosphazene is an effective yet leachable flame retardant for paper when tested by thermogravimetric analysis, TAPPI Standard Method T461 cm-00, and LOI. An attempt to covalently link hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene to carboxylates in pulp via carbodiimide coupling is described in Chapter 5. While unsuccessful, carbodiimide coupling can be employed in the synthesis of several simpler phosphazene-amide derivatives. In Chapter 6, a non-leachable flame retardant treatment for paper using hexakis(2- aminoethyl)aminophosphazene and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is described. The efficacy of the treatment is evaluated by TAPPI Standard Method T461 cm-00, LOI, and SEM-EDS. The solid precipitate formed in the reaction between hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene and carboxylmethyl cellulose is studied using solid-state CP/MAS ¹³C NMR and IR spectroscopy, and the interactions between hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene and carboxylmethyl cellulose is modelled using an ammonium-containing phosphazene and carboxylate salt.
First-principles calculations of equilibrium nitrogen isotope fractionations among aqueous ammonium, silicate minerals and salts
Creators: Li, Yonghui
Li, Long
Wu, Zhongqing
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Nitrogen isotopes are a robust tool to study geological nitrogen cycle between Earth’s reservoirs. However, the application of nitrogen isotope system to understanding geological processes has been limited by the lack of constraints on equilibrium isotope fractionation factors between mineral and fluid and between mineral pairs. Here, we use first-principles methods to calculate the nitrogen isotope fractionations among aqueous ammonium, ammonium- and/or nitrate-bearing salts, and ammonium-bearing silicate minerals that commonly occur in Earth’s lithosphere. Our results show a first-order, large nitrogen isotope fractionations between the nitrate group and the ammonium group, with 15N being more enriched in the nitrate group. In detail, the nitrogen isotope fractionations among nitrate group minerals (NaNO3, KNO3, Ba(NO3)2, NH4NO3) are very small. The nitrogen isotope fractionations are also small among the ammonium group (e.g., aqueous ammonium, ammonium salts, phyllosilicate, and tectosilicate minerals) except inosilicate minerals (e.g., diopside and jadeite), which are however significantly more enriched in 15N than the other ammonium-bearing minerals. These results suggest that nitrogen isotopes may serve as a robust geothermometer only when the rock contains coexisting ammonium and nitrate minerals, or contain diopside and/or jadeite together with other ammonium-bearing silicate minerals. Given that common silicate minerals in crustal rocks (clays, micas, feldspars) do not significantly discriminate nitrogen isotopes, nitrogen isotopes can thus be used as a sensitive tool to trace material source and infer geochemical processes that may cause isotope disequilibrium, such as metamorphic devolatilization, hydrothermal alteration, crust-mantle interaction. Our results also demonstrate that authigenic clay minerals can inherit the nitrogen isotopic signature of organic matter and aqueous ammonium and thus can serve as an environmental proxy. However, it is crucial to distinguish detrital minerals from authigenic minerals in sediments when reconstruct marine and lacustrine environments in the deep time (Archean and Proterozoic).
Classical strings in $AdS_4\times\mathbb{CP}^3$ with three angular momenta
Creators: name: Giardino, Sergio
name: Carrión, Hector L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, rotating strings in three directions of $AdS_4 \times \mathbb{CP}^3$ geometry are studied; its divergent energy limit, and conserved charges are also determined. An interpretation of these configurations as either giant magnons or spiky strings are discussed.
title: Zum Zusammenhang von Staatlichkeit und lokalen Selbstregelungen: Einige theoretische Überlegungen
title: On the Relationship between Statehood and Local Self-Governance: Some Theoretical Considerations
Creators: name: Mohamad-Klotzbach, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Würzburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft

description: LoSAM Working Papers; 3
A Model of Cooperative Threads
Creators: name: Abadi, Martín
name: Plotkin, Gordon D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.3, F.3.2

description: We develop a model of concurrent imperative programming with threads. We focus on a small imperative language with cooperative threads which execute without interruption until they terminate or explicitly yield control. We define and study a trace-based denotational semantics for this language; this semantics is fully abstract but mathematically elementary. We also give an equational theory for the computational effects that underlie the language, including thread spawning. We then analyze threads in terms of the free algebra monad for this theory.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures
Classical and relativistic node precessional effects in WASP-33b and perspectives for detecting them
Creators: name: Iorio, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WASP-33 is a fast rotating, main sequence star which hosts a hot Jupiter moving along a retrograde and almost polar orbit with semi-major axis a = 0.02 au and eccentricity provisionally set to e = 0. The quadrupole mass moment J_2 and the proper angular momentum S of the star are 1900 and 400 times, respectively, larger than those of the Sun. Thus, huge classical and relativistic non-Keplerian orbital effects should take place in such a system. In this paper we investigate the perspectives in detecting them (Abridged)
description: LaTex2e, 12 pages, 3 tables, 6 figures. References added and updated. To appear in Astrophysics and Space Science (ApSS)
Perturbations and Stability of Static Black Holes in Higher Dimensions
Creators: name: Ishibashi, Akihiro
name: Kodama, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this chapter we consider perturbations and stability of higher dimensional black holes focusing on the static background case. We first review a gauge-invariant formalism for linear perturbations in a fairly generic class of (m+n)-dimensional spacetimes with a warped product metric, including black hole geometry. We classify perturbations of such a background into three types, the tensor, vector and scalar-type, according to their tensorial behaviour on the n-dimensional part of the background spacetime, and for each type of perturbations, we introduce a set of manifestly gauge invariant variables. We then introduce harmonic tensors and write down the equations of motion for the expansion coefficients of the gauge invariant perturbation variables in terms of the harmonics. In particular, for the tensor-type perturbations a single master equation is obtained in the (m+n)-dimensional background, which is applicable for perturbation analysis of not only static black holes but also some class of rotating black holes as well as black-branes. For the vector and scalar type, we derive a set of decoupled master equations when the background is a (2+n)-dimensional static black hole in the Einstein-Maxwell theory with a cosmological constant. As an application of the master equations, we review the stability analysis of higher dimensional charged static black holes with a cosmological constant. We also briefly review the recent results of a generalisation of the perturbation formulae presented here and stability analysis to static black holes in generic Lovelock theory.
description: Invited review for Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl, 45 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, v2: references added, the notations slightly modified to match PTPS published version
Scalable uniform construction of highly-conditional quantum gates
Creators: name: Ivanov, Svetoslav S.
name: Vitanov, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scalable uniform technique for construction of highly conditional C$^n$-NOT quantum gates of trapped ion qubits, such as the Toffoli gate, without using ancilla states and circuits of an exorbitant number of concatenated one- and two-qubit gates. Apart from the initial dressing of the internal qubit states with vibrational phonons and the final restoration of the phonon ground state, our technique requires the application of just a single composite pulse on the target qubit and is applicable both in and outside the Lamb-Dicke regime. We design special narrowband composite pulses, which suppress all transitions but the conditional transition of the target qubit; moreover, these composite pulses significantly improve the spatial addressing selectivity.
Planning and operation of active smart grids
Creators: name: Ghasemi Damavandi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Future smart grids will be operated actively in the presence of distributed generators and topological reconfigurations. Distributed Storage Systems (DSS) will also become a viable solution for balancing the load and the intermittent generation of renewable energy sources. The DSS can also provide the smart grid operator with various other benefi ts including peak load shaving, resilience enhancement, power loss reduction, and arbitrage gain. The active nature of future smart grids calls for an accurate state estimation mechanism to serve as a building block for many operational tasks. To that end, the first part of the present thesis leverages the concept of submodularity to solve the problem of robust meter placement for state estimation in reconfigurable smart grids. Next, the thesis proposes a methodology for optimal planning of DSS in smart grids with high penetration of renewable sources. The presented methodology accounts for various advantages of energy storage in smart grids and seeks the optimal trade-off between the investment cost and the expected discounted reward of DSS installation. Finally, the thesis focuses on the problem of Volt-VAR Optimization (VVO) in active smart grids. The optimal joint operation of reconfiguration switches, energy storage units, under load tap changers, and shunt capacitors is investigated in the presented VVO methodology. The proposed methodologies in this thesis have been tested on sample distribution systems and their effectiveness is validated using real data of smart meters and renewable energy sources.
Ein neues Konzept zur Modellierung und Regelung von dynamischen Transportvorgängen in der industriellen Robotik in Echtzeit
Creators: name: August, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Robotik
Modellierung von Transportvorgängen

description: In dieser Arbeit wird ein Konzept vorgestellt mit dem ein dynamischer Transport modelliert und geregelt werden kann. Das Vorgehen beinhaltet die Aufstellung des physikalischen Modells, Ableitung der mathematischen Beschreibung in Form von Differentialgleichungen, Modell- und physikalische Simulationen und das Experiment. Durch eine breite Auswahl von Anwendungsfällen wird die Universalität des Vorgehens veranschaulicht.
Purification of noisy quantum measurements
Creators: name: Dall'Arno, M.
name: D'Ariano, G. M.
name: Sacchi, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of improving noisy quantum measurements by suitable preprocessing strategies making many noisy detectors equivalent to a single ideal detector. For observables pertaining to finite-dimensional systems (e.g. qubits or spins) we consider preprocessing strategies that are reminiscent of quantum error correction procedures and allows one to perfectly measure an observable on a single quantum system for increasing number of inefficient detectors. For measurements of observables with unbounded spectrum (e.g. photon number, homodyne and heterodyne detection), the purification of noisy quantum measurements can be achieved by preamplification as suggested by H. P. Yuen [1].
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; minor corrections
Topological Insulators from Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Induced by Electron Correlation on Pyrochlore Lattices
Creators: name: Kurita, Moyuru
name: Yamaji, Youhei
name: Imada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extended Hubbard model with the nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction on the pyrochlore lattice at half filling. An interaction-driven insulating phase with nontrivial Z_2 invariants emerges at the Hartree-Fock mean-field level in the phase diagram. This topological insulator phase competes with other ordered states and survives in a parameter region surrounded by a semimetal, antiferromagnetic and charge ordered insulators. The symmetries of these phases are group-theoretically analyzed. We also show that the ferromagnetic interaction enhances the stability of the topological phase.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
title: A phase field model for fractures in ice shelves
Creators: name: Sondershaus, Rabea
name: Humbert, Angelika
name: Müller, Ralf
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: Ice shelves are large floating ice masses, that are formed when glaciers are becoming afloat at the margin of ice sheets. One dominating mass loss mechanism of ice shelves is calving, describing the detachment of icebergs at the front. Ice shelves stabilize inland ice glaciers due to buttressing. If the stabilizing effect of an ice shelf vanishes because of disintegration or thinning, the corresponding glacier accelerates resulting in sea level rise. To describe calving and disintegration of ice shelves, it is important to investigate fracture propagation in ice. A powerful method in fracture mechanics is the phase field method which is based on Griffith's theory. It approximates cracks in a diffuse manner by using a continuous scalar field. We propose a phase field fracture model for ice considering its characteristic material properties. The material behavior of ice depends on the considered time scales. On short time scales it behaves like a solid and while it acts like a fluid on long time scales, which classifies it as a viscoelastic material of Maxwell type. This has been verified by observations. The phase field method allows us to simulate typical fracture situations of ice shelves in Antarctica and Greenland.
A kinetic model of a polyelectrolyte gel undergoing phase separation
Creators: name: Celora, Giulia L.
name: Hennessy, Matthew G.
name: Münch, Andreas
name: Wagner, Barbara
name: Waters, Sarah L.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Polyelectrolyte gel
subject: phase separation
subject: non-equilibrium thermodynamics
subject: 74A30
subject: 80A22
subject: 34B15
subject: 83.80.Rs
subject: 83.10.Tv

description: In this study we use non-equilibrium thermodynamics to systematically derive a phase-field model of a polyelectrolyte gel coupled to a thermodynamically consistent model for the salt solution surrounding the gel. The governing equations for the gel account for the free energy of the internal interfaces which form upon phase separation, as well as finite elasticity and multi-component transport. The fully time-dependent model describes the evolution of small changes in the mobile ion concentrations and follows their impact on the large-scale solvent flux and the emergence of long-time pattern formation in the gel. We observe a strong acceleration of the evolution of the free surface when the volume phase transition sets in, as well as the triggering of spinodal decomposition that leads to strong inhomogeneities in the lateral stresses, potentially leading to experimentally visible patterns.
Organische Fotodioden und deren Ankopplung an mikrooptische Systeme
Creators: name: Valouch, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Mikrooptik
organische Fotodioden
Lab on Chip

description: In dieser Arbeit wurden organische Fotodioden für den Einsatz in Lab-on-Chip-Systemen untersucht und optimiert sowie Verfahren zur Ankopplung organischer Fotodioden an mikrooptische Systeme entwickelt. Dafür wurde die zeitabhängige Fotostromantwort, die Degradation an Umgebungsluft und der Dunkelstrom untersucht und Verfahren zur Optimierung der Bauteile gefunden sowie ein Verfahren zur Einkopplung in organische Fotodioden mittels eines mikrooptischen Systems demonstriert.
Design and construction of a Cherenkov imager for charge measurement of nuclear cosmic rays
Creators: name: Bourrion, O.
name: Bernard, Ch.
name: Bondoux, D.
name: Bouly, J. L.
name: Bouvier, J.
name: Boyer, B.
name: Brinet, M.
name: Buenerd, M.
name: Damieux, G.
name: Derome, L.
name: Eraud, L.
name: Foglio, R.
name: Fombaron, D.
name: Grondin, D.
name: Lee, M. H.
name: Lutz, L.
name: Marton, M.
name: Menchaca-Rocha, A.
name: Pelissier, A.
name: Périé, J. N.
name: Putze, A.
name: Roudier, S.
name: Sallaz-Damaz, Y.
name: Seo, E. S.
name: Scordilis, J. P.
name: Yoon, Y. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proximity focusing Cherenkov imager called CHERCAM, has been built for the charge measurement of nuclear cosmic rays with the CREAM instrument. It consists of a silica aerogel radiator plane across from a detector plane equipped with 1,600 1" diameter photomultipliers. The two planes are separated by a ring expansion gap. The Cherenkov light yield is proportional to the charge squared of the incident particle. The expected relative light collection accuracy is in the few percents range. It leads to an expected single element separation over the range of nuclear charge Z of main interest 1 < Z < 26. CHERCAM is designed to fly with the CREAM balloon experiment. The design of the instrument and the implemented technical solutions allowing its safe operation in high altitude conditions (radiations, low pressure, cold) are presented.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures
A NbTiN superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) on a silicon-on-insulator substrate
Creators: name: Yan, Xiruo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Single photon detectors are essential part of most optical quantum information applications. Among all candidates, superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPD) have the advantages of low jitter, low dark count rates and high maximum count rate. Commercial systems based on these detector elements currently cost on order $50-100K. In this project a circular meander design of a free-space SNSPD is fabricated and tested in house. Although the absolute absorption efficiency of the detector is low, because it was fabricated on a substrate optimized for other applications, the measured and modelled values for both incident polarizations agree within the uncertainties. The bias current dependence is almost constant from 50% to 100% of the breakdown threshold value, which should allow operation at intrinsic dark count rates extrapolated to be < 1 Hz at 2.05 K.
Quantum Properties of Periodic Instantons on a Circle
Creators: name: Shurgaia, Avtandil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum properties of a (1+1)-dimensional scalar theory on a cylinder with a compact spatial part, namely, $0\leq x\leq L$, are considered. In particular, quantum theory around the classical periodic field configurations is studied and the lifetime of a quantum periodic instanton is estimated.
description: The lifetime of periodic instantons is estimated in a doublwell scalar model, 11 pages, a section 5 added, the large and small sizes of a circle are discussed, typos corrected
Methoden zur magnetischen Steuerung schwimmender Endoroboter
Creators: name: Keller, Henrik
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medizin Robotik
Magnet
Magen
Kapselendoskopie
Magnetically Guided Capsule Endoscopy
Medical Robotics
Stomach
Capsule Endoscopy

description: Die Magnetically Guided Capsule Endoscopy (MGCE) ist eine neuartige medizinische Diagnoseform, bei der eine schluckbare Kapsel mit 2 Kameras magnetisch durch ein flüssigkeitgefülltes Hohlorgan wie den Magen gesteuert werden kann. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die für den ersten klinischen Prototyp entstandenen Methoden zur Steuerung der Schwimmbewegungen durch automatisierte Magnetfeldsequenzen. Zur Evaluation wurden 2 klinischen Studien mit 64 Personen durchgeführt.
The Magnetically Guided Capsule Endoscopy (MGCE) is a new medical screening procedure, where a swallowable capsule with 2 cameras can be steered magnetically through a fluid-filled hollow organ such as the human stomach. This work describes the control methods developed for the first clinical prototype to generate swimming motions through automated magnetic field sequences. For evaluation 2 clinical studies were conducted with 64 human cases.
Booster en vacuna contra SARS-Cov-2
Creators: name: Tarazona, Augusto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Vacuna; COVID-19; Booster

description: Presentación sobre criterios para dosis de refuerzo de la vacuna contra el SARS-CoV-2 en el personal de salud, ante el Consejo Nacional del Colegio Médico del Perú.
Transmission coefficient through a saddle-point electrostatic potential for graphene in the quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Flöser, Martina
name: Champel, Thierry
name: Florens, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the scattering of semicoherent-state wavepackets at high magnetic field, we derive analytically the transmission coefficient of electrons in graphene in the quantum Hall regime through a smooth constriction described by a quadratic saddle-point electrostatic potential. We find anomalous half-quantized conductance steps that are rounded by a backscattering amplitude related to the curvature of the potential. Furthermore, the conductance in graphene breaks particle-hole symmetry in cases where the saddle-point potential is itself asymmetric in space. These results have implications both for the interpretation of split-gate transport experiments, and for the derivation of quantum percolation models for graphene.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures Minor modifications as published
Fluoro-substituted prolines as structural labels for solid state ¹⁹F-NMR of polypeptides
Creators: name: Kubyshkin, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: amino acids
peptides
NMR
fluorine
cyclopropanation

description: Proline substitution useful for the solid state NMR structure analysis was explored on two peptides: gramicidin S and SAP. Corresponding microbiologial and conformational effects were correlated with the solid state NMR response.
Fast 3D forward modeling of single scattered elastic wave fields for borehole configurations
Creators: name: Veile, Ines
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013
Subjects: Born Approximation
forward modeling
borehole

description: Based on the elastodynamic Born approximation an efficient forward modeling algorithm for the 3D single scattered elastic wave field was developed. The concept for this approach was developed with focus on moving borehole measurements but it is not limited to these configurations. The thesis presents specific features of the numerical implementation and detailed efficiency analysis. Moreover, results of the modeling algorithm for various models are discussed and compared to an analytic solution.
Measurements of atmospheric CO2 columns using ground-based FTIR spectra
Creators: name: Dohe, Susanne
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2013

description: The investigation of CO2 sources and sinks within the carbon cycle is important in order to understand global climate change. In this work high resolution ground-based FTIR measurements were used to retrieve total column amounts of CO2. Required measures for the reduction of error sources and the improvement of total column accuracies are presented. In addition, a novel analysis procedure to retrieve vertical CO2 profiles from TCCON measurements is shown and validated with in situ measurements.
Continuous Transparency and Reproducibility in Academic Publications
Creators: name: Vilhuber, Lars
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Part of the "Symposium Open Science - Forschungstransparenz in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften" https://www.zbw.eu/de/ueber-zbw/veranstaltungen/symposium-open-science-forschungstransparenz-in-den-wirtschaftswissenschaften , in German (as "Kontinuierliche Transparenz und Reproduzierbarkeit bei akademischen Publikationen: Ansätze und Techniken")
description: Use this citation when referencing the presentation
Wolfenstein Parametrization at Higher Order: Seeming Discrepancies and Their Resolution
Creators: name: Ahn, Y. H.
name: Cheng, Hai-Yang
name: Oh, Sechul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In different Wolfenstein parametrizations derived from different exact parametrizations of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, we explicitly study seeming discrepancies between the matrix elements at the higher order of the expansion parameter $λ$. A systematic way of resolving the seeming discrepancies is proposed. We find that most of the discrepancies can be naturally resolved by a proper redefinition of the numerically small (of order $λ$) parameters. Our approach is further applied to the cases for the Wolfenstein-{\it like} parametrizations, such as the Qin-Ma parametrization.
description: 5 pages, two paragraphs added to explain the motivation for considering various Wolfenstein-like parametrizations; version to appear in PLB
Anatomy, Bony Pelvis and Lower Limb, Hamstring Muscle
Creators: name: Rodgers, Cooper
name: Raja, Avais
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110699 Human Movement and Sports Science not elsewhere classified
subject: Anatomy
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The hamstring muscle complex is comprised of three individual muscles and plays a critical role in human activities ranging from standing to explosive actions such as sprinting and jumping. The following review article will summarize the structure and function of this muscle group and provide an introduction to common hamstring injuries and surgical considerations.