cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Population-Level Scale-Up of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services in a Low-Resource Setting: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia
Creators: name: Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy
name: Chisele, Samson
name: Pfaendler, Krista S.
name: Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.
name: Vermund, Sten H.
name: Parham, Groesbeck P.
name: Sahasrabuddhe, Vikrant V.
name: Blevins, Meridith
name: Vwalika, Bellington
name: Muwonge, Richard
name: Mwanahamuntu, Mulindi H.
name: Mudenda, Victor
name: Kapambwe, Sharon
name: Mkumba, Gracilia
name: Chibwesha, Carla J.
name: Shibemba, Aaron L.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Hicks, Michael L.
name: Bateman, Allen C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundVery few efforts have been undertaken to scale-up low-cost approaches to cervical cancer prevention in low-resource countries.MethodsIn a public sector cervical cancer prevention program in Zambia, nurses provided visual-inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cryotherapy in clinics co-housed with HIV/AIDS programs, and referred women with complex lesions for histopathologic evaluation. Low-cost technological adaptations were deployed for improving VIA detection, facilitating expert physician opinion, and ensuring quality assurance. Key process and outcome indicators were derived by analyzing electronic medical records to evaluate program expansion efforts.FindingsBetween 2006-2013, screening services were expanded from 2 to 12 clinics in Lusaka, the most-populous province in Zambia, through which 102,942 women were screened. The majority (71.7%) were in the target age-range of 25–49 years; 28% were HIV-positive. Out of 101,867 with evaluable data, 20,419 (20%) were VIA positive, of whom 11,508 (56.4%) were treated with cryotherapy, and 8,911 (43.6%) were referred for histopathologic evaluation. Most women (87%, 86,301 of 98,961 evaluable) received same-day services (including 5% undergoing same-visit cryotherapy and 82% screening VIA-negative). The proportion of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and worse (CIN2+) among those referred for histopathologic evaluation was 44.1% (1,735/3,938 with histopathology results). Detection rates for CIN2+ and invasive cervical cancer were 17 and 7 per 1,000 women screened, respectively. Women with HIV were more likely to screen positive, to be referred for histopathologic evaluation, and to have cervical precancer and cancer than HIV-negative women.InterpretationWe creatively disrupted the 'no screening' status quo prevailing in Zambia and addressed the heavy burden of cervical disease among previously unscreened women by establishing and scaling-up public-sector screening and treatment services at a population level. Key determinants for successful expansion included leveraging HIV/AIDS program investments, and context-specific information technology applications for quality assurance and filling human resource gaps.
Multi-shell hollow nanogels with responsive shell permeability
Creators: name: Schmid, Andreas J.
name: Dubbert, Janine
name: Rudov, Andrey A.
name: Pedersen, Jan Skov
name: Lindner, Peter
name: Karg, Matthias
name: Potemkin, Igor I.
name: Richtering, Walter
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: mesoporous silica nanocontainer
subject: cationic nanohydrogel particles
subject: drug-delivery
subject: N-isopropylacrylamide
subject: controlled-release
subject: 500
subject: 600
subject: 540

description: We report on hollow shell-shell nanogels with two polymer shells that have different volume phase transition temperatures. By means of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) employing contrast variation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we show that hollow shell-shell nanocontainers are ideal systems for controlled drug delivery: The temperature responsive swelling of the inner shell controls the uptake and release, while the thermoresponsive swelling of the outer shell controls the size of the void and the colloidal stability. At temperatures between 32 °C < T < 42 °C, the hollow nanocontainers provide a significant void, which is even larger than the initial core size of the template and they possess a high colloidal stability due to the steric stabilization of the swollen outer shell. Computer simulations showed, that temperature induced switching of the permeability of the inner shell allows for the encapsulation in and release of molecules from the cavity.
High Resolution Parameter Space from a Two Level Model on Semi-Insulating GaAs
Creators: name: da Silva, S. L.
name: Viana, E. R.
name: de Oliveira, A. G.
name: Ribeiro, G. M.
name: da Silva, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semi-insulating Gallium Arsenide (SI-GaAs) samples experimentally show, under high electric fields and even at room temperature, negative differential conductivity in N-shaped form (NNDC). Since the most consolidated model for n-GaAs, namely, "the model", proposed by E. Scholl was not capable to generate the NNDC curve for SI-GaAs, in this work we proposed an alternative model. The model proposed, "the two-valley model" is based on the minimal set of generation recombination equations for two valleys inside of the conduction band, and an equation for the drift velocity as a function of the applied electric field, that covers the physical properties of the nonlinear electrical conduction of the SI-GaAs system. The "two valley model" was capable to generate theoretically the NNDC region for the first time, and with that, we were able to build a high resolution parameter-space of the periodicity (PSP) using a Periodicity-Detection (PD) routine. In the parameter space were observed self-organized periodic structures immersed in chaotic regions. The complex regions are presented in a "shrimp" shape rotated around a focal point, which forms in large-scale a "snail shell" shape, with intricate connections between different "shrimps". The knowledge of detailed information on parameter spaces is crucial to localize wide regions of smooth and continuous chaos.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication on International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos (2015)
Magnetoresistance in multilayer fullerene spin valves: a first-principles study
Creators: name: Çakır, Deniz
name: Otálvaro, Diana M.
name: Brocks, Geert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon-based molecular semiconductors are explored for application in spintronics because their small spin-orbit coupling promises long spin life times. We calculate the electronic transport from first principles through spin valves comprising bi- and tri-layers of the fullerene molecules C60 and C70, sandwiched between two Fe electrodes. The spin polarization of the current, and the magnetoresistance depend sensitively on the interactions at the interfaces between the molecules and the metal surfaces. They are much less affected by the thickness of the molecular layers. A high current polarization (CP > 90%) and magnetoresistance (MR > 100%) at small bias can be attained using C70 layers. In contrast, the current polarization and the magnetoresistance at small bias are vanishingly small for C60 layers. Exploiting a generalized Julli`ere model we can trace the differences in spin-dependent transport between C60 and C70 layers to differences between the molecule-metal interface states. These states also allow one to interpret the current polarization and the magnetoresistance as a function of the applied bias voltage.
Potential Effect of Physical Activity Calorie Equivalent (PACE) Labeling on Adult Fast Food Ordering and Exercise
Creators: name: Antonelli, Ray
name: Viera, Anthony J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: IntroductionNumeric calorie content labels show limited efficacy in reducing the number of calories ordered from fast food meals. Physical activity calorie equivalent (PACE) labels are an alternative that may reduce the number of calories ordered in fast food meals while encouraging patrons to exercise.MethodsA total of 1000 adults from 47 US states were randomly assigned via internet survey to one of four generic fast food menus: no label, calories only, calories + minutes, or calories + miles necessary to walk to burn off the calories. After completing hypothetical orders participants were asked to rate the likelihood of calorie-only and PACE labels to influence (1) food choice and (2) physical activity.ResultsRespondents (n = 823) ordered a median of 1580 calories from the no-label menu, 1200 from the calories-only menu, 1140 from the calories + minutes menu, and 1210 from the calories + miles menu (p = 0.0001). 40% of respondents reported that PACE labels were “very likely” to influence food item choice vs. 28% for calorie-only labels (p<0.0001). 64% of participants reported that PACE labels were “somewhat likely” or “very likely” to influence their level of physical activity vs. 49% for calorie-only labels (p<0.0001).ConclusionsPACE labels may be helpful in reducing the number of calories ordered in fast food meals and may have the added benefit of encouraging exercise.
Disjoining Pressure and the Film-Height-Dependent Surface Tension of Thin Liquid Films: New Insight from Capillary Wave Fluctuations
Creators: name: MacDowell, Luis G.
name: Benet, Jorge
name: Katcho, Nebil A.
name: Palanco, Jose G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we review simulation and experimental studies of thermal capillary wave fluctuations as an ideal means for probing the underlying disjoining pressure and surface tensions, and more generally, fine details of the Interfacial Hamiltonian Model. We discuss recent simulation results that reveal a film-height-dependent surface tension not accounted for in the classical Interfacial Hamiltonian Model. We show how this observation may be explained bottom-up from sound principles of statistical thermodynamics and discuss some of its implications.
description: File is accepted version with 70 pages and 13 figures. Submitted 23/08/2013; Accepted 06/11/2013; Online 17/11/2013
Variation in Plant Community Composition and Biomass to Macro and Micronutrients and Salinity across Egypt’s Five Major Coastal Lakes
Creators: name: Keshta, Amr E.
name: Shaltout, Kamal H.
name: Baldwin, Andrew H.
name: Sharaf El-Din, Ahmed
name: Eid, Ebrahem M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: plant species diversity
wetlands
Eichhornia crassipes
agricultural runoff
vegetation analyses
eutrophication

description: To better assess the relationship between excess nutrient runoff and plant species diversity in the Egyptian northern coastal lakes, the relationships between aboveground biomass, species diversity, and both micro and macronutrient concentrations in sediment, water, and plant materials were investigated. A total of 38 sampling sites were established for the five Egyptian northern lakes (8 for Bardawil, 10 for Manzala, 8 for Burullus, and 6 for each of Edku and Mariut). Sediment, water, and plant materials were collected and analyzed for both micro and macronutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), iron (Fe), boron (B), sodium (Na), and aluminum (Al). Based on the Sørensen similarity index, Burullus and Mariut lakes were very similar (0.70) in their vegetation composition, while Bardawil Lake had no similarity with the rest of the lakes. In sediment, Mariut Lake had the highest total P concentrations (1.3 g kg−1), while Bardawil Lake had the lowest (0.3 g kg−1). Bardawil, a hypersaline lake, had the highest concentrations for both Na and B (9.6 and 0.1 g kg−1, respectively). Among the deltaic lakes, Mariut Lake water bodies had the lowest plant species richness. The current study indicated that the excessive agricultural and industrial nutrient runoff had a greater impact on the nutrient distribution pattern and negatively impacted plant species diversity at the Egyptian coastal lakes. An integrated management plan, including establishing more pretreatment facilities for runoff and wastewater, should be implemented to reduce the nutrient loads from the main industrial and agricultural runoff sources. Moreover, periodic monitoring and assessment for nutrient runoff reaching the lakes are necessary to help reduce eutrophication levels.
ALMA service data analysis and level 2 quality assurance with CASA
Creators: name: Petry, Dirk
name: Vila-Vilaro, Baltasar
name: Villard, Eric
name: Komugi, Shinya
name: Schnee, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Atacama Large mm and sub-mm Array (ALMA) radio observatory is one of the world's largest astronomical projects. After the very successful conclusion of the first observation cycles Early Science Cycles 0 and 1, the ALMA project can report many successes and lessons learned. The science data taken interleaved with commissioning tests for the still continuing addition of new capabilities has already resulted in numerous publications in high-profile journals. The increasing data volume and complexity are challenging but under control. The radio-astronomical data analysis package "Common Astronomy Software Applications" (CASA) has played a crucial role in this effort. This article describes the implementation of the ALMA data quality assurance system, in particular the level 2 which is based on CASA, and the lessons learned.
description: About to be published in the SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Proceedings of the conference "Software and Cyberinfrastructure for Astronomy III", June 2014, Montreal, Canada, Paper ID 9152-17
Centralizing Monoids on a Three-Element Set
Creators: name: Renkin, Leon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Centralizer clone
Centralizing monoid
Endomorphism monoid
Witness
Witness-complete set
Formal concept analysis
Context reduction
Standard context

description: Bachelor thesis of Leon Renkin presented at TU Wien, Institute of Discrete Mathematics and Geometry, August 2022
Baseline report on present skills gaps in shipbuilding and offshore renewables value chains
Creators: name: Sdoukopoulos, Eleftherios
name: Tsafonias, Giorgos
name: Perra, Vasiliki-Maria
name: Boile, Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: shipbuilding
offshore renewable energy
maritime technologies
skills strategy
skills mismatch
skills gaps
skills supply
occupational profiles
educational and training

description: The objective of the MATES Baseline Report on Present Skill Gaps is to deliver a critical review and analysis of the skills supply and demand mismatch in Europe for the two sectors addressed i.e. shipbuilding and offshore renewable energy. The report is the result of extensive desktop research, industry engagement through regional workshops, a validation workshop, surveys, expert interviews, Focus Group meetings and builds upon the MATES State of the Art Report (D1.2). Access the Baseline Executive Report. The MATES Baseline Report on Present Skill Gaps: (a) provides an overview of the current status of the targeted sectors, focusing on aspects that can be mostly affected by skills gaps (e.g. current technological trends, economic growth, sector’s potential for further development, etc.) (b) specifies and describes the phases/segments of the sectors’ value chains (c) maps the existing occupational profiles that are involved in the main sectors’ activities and their corresponding skills and competences, based on European Skills/Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) classification (d) examines skills supply by identifying educational and training offers for the academic year of 2018-2019 relevant to these sectors and assessing their curricula and the qualifications they provide (e) investigates skills demand through consultation with the aforementioned industries (i.e. companies, industry associations, industry experts, etc.) (f) identifies skills gaps of the sectors’ workforce and skills mismatch between education and training providers and the industries’ relevant requirements The report provides a solid foundation upon which future MATES activities are based; the building of future scenarios for forecasting skills requirements in the short, medium and long-term as well as the development of relevant Lines of Actions and best practices for effectively addressing these skills gaps through the MATES Pilot Experiences.
Abrupt sand-dune accumulation at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau challenges the wet MIS3a inferred from numerous lake-highstands
Creators: name: Long, Hao
name: Fuchs, Markus
name: Yang, Linhai
name: Cheng, Hongyi
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: China
subject: sediment
subject: validity
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: We report on hollow shell-shell nanogels with two polymer shells that have different volume phase transition temperatures. By means of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) employing contrast variation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we show that hollow shell-shell nanocontainers are ideal systems for controlled drug delivery: The temperature responsive swelling of the inner shell controls the uptake and release, while the thermoresponsive swelling of the outer shell controls the size of the void and the colloidal stability. At temperatures between 32 °C < T < 42 °C, the hollow nanocontainers provide a significant void, which is even larger than the initial core size of the template and they possess a high colloidal stability due to the steric stabilization of the swollen outer shell. Computer simulations showed, that temperature induced switching of the permeability of the inner shell allows for the encapsulation in and release of molecules from the cavity.
Analogue Quantum Gravity in Hyperbolic Metamaterials
Creators: name: Smolyaninov, Igor I.
name: Smolyaninova, Vera N.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: analogue quantum gravity
hyperbolic metamaterials
sonoluminescence

description: It is well known that extraordinary photons in hyperbolic metamaterials may be described as living in an effective Minkowski spacetime, which is defined by the peculiar form of the strongly anisotropic dielectric tensor in these metamaterials. Here, we demonstrate that within the scope of this approximation, the sound waves in hyperbolic metamaterials look similar to gravitational waves, and therefore the quantized sound waves (phonons) look similar to gravitons. Such an analogue model of quantum gravity looks especially interesting near the phase transitions in hyperbolic metamaterials where it becomes possible to switch quantum gravity effects on and off as a function of metamaterial temperature. We also predict strong enhancement of sonoluminescence in ferrofluid-based hyperbolic metamaterials, which looks analogous to particle creation in strong gravitational fields.
Precise AuxPt1-x Alloy Nanoparticle Array of Tunable Composition for Catalytic Applications
Creators: name: Jahn, Sarah
name: Lechner, Sebastian J.
name: Freichels, Helene
name: Möller, Martin
name: Spatz, Joachim P.
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: copolymer micelle nanolithography
subject: co oxidation
subject: gold nanoparticles
subject: Au
subject: nanocatalysts
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: A 3-dimensional Block Copolymer Micellar nanoLithography (BCML) process was used to prepare AuxPt1−x alloy nanoparticles (NPs) monodisperse in size and composition, strongly anchored onto SiO2-particles (0.2 wt.% AuxPt1−x/SiO2). The particles possess a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and their size could be varied from 3–12 nm. We demonstrate the uniformity of the Au/Pt composition by analyzing individual NPs by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The strongly bound AuxPt1−x NPs catalyzed the oxidation of CO with high activity. Thermal ageing experiments in pure CO2 as well as in ambient atmosphere demonstrated stability of the size distribution for times as long as 22 h.
Microfluidic colloid filtration
Creators: name: Linkhorst, John
name: Beckmann, Torsten
name: Go, Dennis
name: Kuehne, Alexander J. C.
name: Wessling, Matthias
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Filtration of natural and colloidal matter is an essential process in today’s water treatment processes. The colloidal matter is retained with the help of micro- and nanoporous synthetic membranes. Colloids are retained in a “cake layer” – often coined fouling layer. Membrane fouling is the most substantial problem in membrane filtration: colloidal and natural matter build-up leads to an increasing resistance and thus decreasing water transport rate through the membrane. Theoretical models exist to describe macroscopically the hydrodynamic resistance of such transport and rejection phenomena; however, visualization of the various phenomena occurring during colloid retention is extremely demanding. Here we present a microfluidics based methodology to follow filter cake build up as well as transport phenomena occuring inside of the fouling layer. The microfluidic colloidal filtration methodology enables the study of complex colloidal jamming, crystallization and melting processes as well as translocation at the single particle level.
Pregnancy Prevention and Condom Use Practices among HIV-Infected Women on Antiretroviral Therapy Seeking Family Planning in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Chiwoko, Jane
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Feldacker, Caryl
name: Haddad, Lisa B.
name: Samala, Bernadette
name: Jamieson, Denise J.
name: Mlundira, Linly
name: Cwiak, Carrie
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Phiri, Sam
name: Bryant, Amy G.
name: Chaweza, Thomas
name: Kachale, Fanny
name: Tweya, Hannock
name: Stuart, Gretchen S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundPrograms for integration of family planning into HIV care must recognize current practices and desires among clients to appropriately target and tailor interventions. We sought to evaluate fertility intentions, unintended pregnancy, contraceptive and condom use among a cohort of HIV-infected women seeking family planning services within an antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic.Methods200 women completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire during enrollment into a prospective contraceptive study at the Lighthouse Clinic, an HIV/ART clinic in Lilongwe, Malawi, between August and December 2010.ResultsMost women (95%) did not desire future pregnancy. Prior reported unintended pregnancy rates were high (69% unplanned and 61% unhappy with timing of last pregnancy). Condom use was inconsistent, even among couples with discordant HIV status, with lack of use often attributed to partner’s refusal. Higher education, older age, lower parity and having an HIV negative partner were factors associated with consistent condom usage.DiscussionHigh rates of unintended pregnancy among these women underscore the need for integ rating family planning, sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention, and HIV services. Contraceptive access and use, including condoms, must be improved with specific efforts to enlist partner support. Messages regarding the importance of condom usage in conjunction with more effective modern contraceptive methods for both infection and pregnancy prevention must continue to be reinforced over the course of ongoing ART treatment.
Supplemental Information and Data for uncertainty analysis and identification of key parameters controlling bacteria transport within a riverbank filtration scenario (submitted to Water Resources Research)
Creators: name: Knabe, Dustin
name: Guadagnini, Alberto
name: Riva, Monica
name: Engelhardt, Irina
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
subject: bacteria
subject: bacteria transport
subject: hydrogeology
subject: riverbank filtration

description: This dataset includes Supplemental Information and Data for research paper: Knabe, D., Guadagnini, A., Riva, M., Engelhardt, I.: Uncertainty analysis and identification of key parameters controlling bacteria transport within a riverbank filtration scenario (Water Resources Research).
Visualization of WiFi Signals Using Programmable Transfer Functions
Creators: name: Rowden, Alexander
name: Krokos, Eric
name: Whitley, Kirsten
name: Varshney, Amitabh
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: transfer functions
volume rendering
WiFi visualization
data visualization
network rendering

description: In this paper, we show how volume rendering with a Programmable Transfer Function can be used for the effective and comprehensible visualization of WiFi signals. A traditional transfer function uses a low-dimensional lookup table to map the volumetric scalar field to color and opacity. In this paper, we present the concept of a Programmable Transfer Function. We then show how generalizing traditional lookup-based transfer functions to Programmable Transfer Functions enables us to leverage view-dependent and real-time attributes of a volumetric field to depict the data variations of WiFi surfaces with low and high-frequency components. Our Programmable Transfer Functions facilitate interactive knowledge discovery and produce meaningful visualizations.
Presence of Plasmodium falciparum DNA in Plasma Does Not Predict Clinical Malaria in an HIV-1 Infected Population
Creators: name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Orlov, Marika
name: Campbell, Thomas B.
name: Schooley, Robert T.
name: Smeaton, Laura M.
name: Kumwenda, Johnstone
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundHIV-1 and Plasmodium falciparum malaria cause substantial morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially as co-infecting pathogens. We examined the relationship between presence of P. falciparum DNA in plasma samples and clinical malaria as well as the impact of atazanavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor (PI), on P. falciparum PCR positivity.MethodsACTG study A5175 compared two NNRTI-based regimens and one PI-based anti-retroviral (ARV) regimen in antiretroviral therapy naïve participants. We performed nested PCR on plasma samples for the P. falciparum 18s rRNA gene to detect the presence of malaria DNA in 215 of the 221 participants enrolled in Blantyre and Lilongwe, Malawi. We also studied the closest sample preceding the first malaria diagnosis from 102 persons with clinical malaria and randomly selected follow up samples from 88 persons without clinical malaria.ResultsPCR positivity was observed in 18 (8%) baseline samples and was not significantly associated with age, sex, screening CD4+ T-cell count, baseline HIV-1 RNA level or co-trimoxazole use within the first 8 weeks. Neither baseline PCR positivity (p = 0.45) nor PCR positivity after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (p = 1.0) were significantly associated with subsequent clinical malaria. Randomization to the PI versus NNRTI ARV regimens was not significantly associated with either PCR positivity (p = 0.5) or clinical malaria (p = 0.609). Clinical malaria was associated with a history of tuberculosis (p = 0.006) and a lower BMI (p = 0.004).ConclusionP. falciparum DNA was detected in 8% of participants at baseline, but was not significantly associated with subsequent development of clinical malaria. HIV PI therapy did not decrease the prevalence of PCR positivity or incidence of clinical disease.
On the Dynamical Regimes of Pattern-Accelerated Electroconvection
Creators: name: Davidson, Scott M.
name: Wessling, Matthias
name: Mani, Ali
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: computer simulation
subject: ion exchange
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Recent research has established that electroconvection can enhance ion transport at polarized surfaces such as membranes and electrodes where it would otherwise be limited by diffusion. The onset of such overlimiting transport can be influenced by the surface topology of the ion selective membranes as well as inhomogeneities in their electrochemical properties. However, there is little knowledge regarding the mechanisms through which these surface variations promote transport. We use high-resolution direct numerical simulations to develop a comprehensive analysis of electroconvective flows generated by geometric patterns of impermeable stripes and investigate their potential to regularize electrokinetic instabilities. Counterintuitively, we find that reducing the permeable area of an ion exchange membrane, with appropriate patterning, increases the overall ion transport rate by up to 80%. In addition, we present analysis of nonpatterned membranes and find a novel regime of electroconvection where a multivalued current is possible due to the coexistence of multiple convective states.
Manipulation of small particles at solid liquid interface: Light driven diffusioosmosis
Creators: name: Feldmann, David
name: Maduar, Salim R.
name: Santer, Mark
name: Lomadze, Nino
name: Vinogradova, Olga I.
name: Santer, Svetlana
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: genomic DNA conformation
subject: photosensitive surfactants
subject: optical manipulation
subject: photocontrol
subject: azobenzene
subject: 500
subject: 600
subject: 540

description: The strong adhesion of sub-micron sized particles to surfaces is a nuisance, both for removing contaminating colloids from surfaces and for conscious manipulation of particles to create and test novel micro/nano-scale assemblies. The obvious idea of using detergents to ease these processes suffers from a lack of control: the action of any conventional surface-modifying agent is immediate and global. With photosensitive azobenzene containing surfactants we overcome these limitations. Such photo-soaps contain optical switches (azobenzene molecules), which upon illumination with light of appropriate wavelength undergo reversible trans-cis photo-isomerization resulting in a subsequent change of the physico-chemical molecular properties. In this work we show that when a spatial gradient in the composition of trans- and cis- isomers is created near a solid-liquid interface, a substantial hydrodynamic flow can be initiated, the spatial extent of which can be set, e.g., by the shape of a laser spot. We propose the concept of light induced diffusioosmosis driving the flow, which can remove, gather or pattern a particle assembly at a solid-liquid interface. In other words, in addition to providing a soap we implement selectivity: particles are mobilized and moved at the time of illumination, and only across the illuminated area.
Diagrammatic Monte Carlo study of the acoustic and the BEC polaron
Creators: name: Vlietinck, Jonas
name: Casteels, Wim
name: Van Houcke, Kris
name: Tempere, Jacques
name: Ryckebusch, Jan
name: Devreese, Jozef T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two large polaron systems that are described by a Fröhlich type of Hamiltonian, namely the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) polaron in the continuum and the acoustic polaron in a solid. We present ground-state energies of these two systems calculated with the Diagrammatic Monte Carlo (DiagMC) method and with a Feynman all-coupling approach. The DiagMC method evaluates up to very high order a diagrammatic series for the polaron Green's function. The Feynman all-coupling approach is a variational method that has been used for a wide range of polaronic problems. For the acoustic and BEC polaron both methods provide remarkably similar non-renormalized ground-state energies that are obtained after introducing a finite momentum cutoff. For the renormalized ground-state energies of the BEC polaron, there are relatively large discrepancies between the DiagMC and the Feynman predictions. These differences can be attributed to the renormalization procedure for the contact interaction.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Adsorption of organic molecules at the TiO2(110) surface: the effect of van der Waals interactions
Creators: name: Tillotson, Marcus
name: Brett, Peter
name: Bennett, Roger A.
name: Grau-Crespo, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the interaction of organic molecules with TiO2 surfaces is important for a wide range of technological applications. While density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide valuable insight about these interactions, traditional DFT approaches with local exchange-correlation functionals suffer from a poor description of non-bonding van der Waals (vdW) interactions. We examine here the contribution of vdW forces to the interaction of small organic molecules (methane, methanol, formic acid and glycine) with the TiO2 (110) surface, based on DFT calculations with the optB88-vdW functional. The adsorption geometries and energies at different configurations were also obtained in the standard generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) for comparison. We find that the optB88-vdW consistently gives shorter surface adsorbate-to-surface distances and slightly stronger interactions than PBE for the weak (physisorbed) modes of adsorption. In the case of strongly adsorbed (chemisorbed) molecules both functionals give similar results for the adsorption geometries, and also similar values of the relative energies between different chemisorption modes for each molecule. In particular both functionals predict that dissociative adsorption is more favourable than molecular adsorption for methanol, formic acid and glycine, in general agreement with experiment. The dissociation energies obtained from both functionals are also very similar, indicating that vdW interactions do not affect the thermodynamics of surface deprotonation. However, the optB88-vdW always predicts stronger adsorption than PBE. The comparison of the methanol adsorption energies with values obtained from a Redhead analysis of temperature programmed desorption data suggests that optB88-vdW significantly overestimates the adsorption strength, although we warn about the uncertainties involved in such comparisons.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures; accepted in Surface Science
Large-scale, thick, self-assembled, nacre-mimetic brick-walls as fire barrier coatings on textiles
Creators: name: Das, Paramita
name: Thomas, Helga
name: Moeller, Martin
name: Walther, Andreas
Publisher: name: [London] : Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: silicate clay nanocomposites
subject: intumescent flame-retardant
subject: layered double hydroxide
subject: carbon nanotube
subject: ammonium polyphosphate
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: A 3-dimensional Block Copolymer Micellar nanoLithography (BCML) process was used to prepare AuxPt1−x alloy nanoparticles (NPs) monodisperse in size and composition, strongly anchored onto SiO2-particles (0.2 wt.% AuxPt1−x/SiO2). The particles possess a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and their size could be varied from 3–12 nm. We demonstrate the uniformity of the Au/Pt composition by analyzing individual NPs by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The strongly bound AuxPt1−x NPs catalyzed the oxidation of CO with high activity. Thermal ageing experiments in pure CO2 as well as in ambient atmosphere demonstrated stability of the size distribution for times as long as 22 h.
The Distribution and Detection Issues of Counterfeit Lithium-Ion Batteries
Creators: name: Lingxi, Kong
name: Das, Diganta
name: Pecht, Michael G.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: lithium-ion battery
counterfeit battery
rewrapped battery
battery safety

description: This paper presents the various ways that lithium-ion batteries are being counterfeited, the problems that counterfeit batteries present, how they enter the consumer market, and the difficulties of detection. Simple external visual inspection of the battery is unreliable. As shown in the presented case study, even for the same brand batteries, their internal structures are different. The current counterfeit prevention methods focus on the manufacturing step. To reduce the risk of counterfeit batteries, device manufacturers and retail stores should characterize the batteries they receive. In addition, related authorities or organizations should set standards to enable a universal battery tracking method along the supply chain to prevent counterfeit lithium-ion batteries from entering the market.
Psychological Well-Being and the Human Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity
Creators: name: Grewen, Karen M.
name: Firestine, Ann M.
name: Cole, Steve W.
name: Arevalo, Jesusa M. G.
name: Algoe, Sara B.
name: Ma, Jeffrey
name: Fredrickson, Barbara L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Research in human social genomics has identified a conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA) characterized by up-regulated expression of pro-inflammatory genes and down-regulated expression of Type I interferon- and antibody-related genes. This report seeks to identify the specific aspects of positive psychological well-being that oppose such effects and predict reduced CTRA gene expression. In a new confirmation study of 122 healthy adults that replicated the approach of a previously reported discovery study, mixed effect linear model analyses identified a significant inverse association between expression of CTRA indicator genes and a summary measure of eudaimonic well-being from the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form. Analyses of a 2- representation of eudaimonia converged in finding correlated psychological and social subdomains of eudaimonic well-being to be the primary carriers of CTRA associations. Hedonic well-being showed no consistent CTRA association independent of eudaimonic well-being, and summary measures integrating hedonic and eudaimonic well-being showed less stable CTRA associations than did focal measures of eudaimonia (psychological and social well-being). Similar results emerged from analyses of pooled discovery and confirmation samples (n = 198). Similar results also emerged from analyses of a second new generalization study of 107 healthy adults that included the more detailed Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-being and found this more robust measure of eudaimonic well-being to also associate with reduced CTRA gene expression. Five of the 6 major sub-domains of psychological well-being predicted reduced CTRA gene expression when analyzed separately, and 3 remained distinctively prognostic in mutually adjusted analyses. All associations were independent of demographic characteristics, health-related confounders, and RNA indicators of leukocyte subset distribution. These results identify specific sub-dimensions of eudaimonic well-being as promising targets for future interventions to mitigate CTRA gene expression, and provide no support for any independent favorable contribution from hedonic well-being.
Subject Access Request response data - 105 iOS and 120 Android apps
Creators: name: Kröger, Jacob Leon
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Technologie
subject: 340 Recht
subject: GDPR
subject: privacy
subject: compliance
subject: subject access request
subject: smartphone
subject: mobile app

description: This data shows how 225 app vendors responded to subject access requests in a longitudinal privacy study between the years 2015 and 2019. Details can be found in the corresponding publication: Jacob Leon Kröger, Jens Lindemann, and Dominik Herrmann. 2020. How do App Vendors Respond to Subject Access Requests? A Longitudinal PrivacyStudy on iOS and Android Apps. In The 15th International Conference onAvailability, Reliability and Security (ARES 2020), August 25–28, 2020, VirtualEvent, Ireland. ACM, New York, NY, USA
Quantitative Influence of ABO Blood Groups on Factor VIII and Its Ratio to von Willebrand Factor, Novel Observations from an ARIC Study of 11,673 Subjects
Creators: name: Couper, David
name: Folsom, Aaron R.
name: Boerwinkle, Eric
name: Chen, Fengju
name: Chambless, Lloyd E.
name: Houck, Katie
name: Song, Jaewoo
name: Bolgiano, Doug
name: Wu, Kenneth K.
name: Dong, Jing-fei
name: Campos, Marco
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABO blood groups are known to influence the plasma level of von Willebrand factor (VWF), but little is known about the relationship between ABO and coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). We analyzed the influence of ABO genotypes on VWF antigen, FVIII activity, and their quantitative relationship in 11,673 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. VWF, FVIII, and FVIII/VWF levels varied significantly among O, A (A1 and A2), B and AB subjects, and the extent of which varied between Americans of European (EA) and African (AA) descent. We validated a strong influence of ABO blood type on VWF levels (15.2%), but also detected a direct ABO influence on FVIII activity (0.6%) and FVIII/VWF ratio (3.8%) after adjustment for VWF. We determined that FVIII activity changed 0.54% for every 1% change in VWF antigen level. This VWF-FVIII relationship differed between subjects with O and B blood types in EA, AA, and in male, but not female subjects. Variations in FVIII activity were primarily detected at low VWF levels. These new quantitative influences on VWF, FVIII and the FVIII/VWF ratio help understand how ABO genotypes differentially influence VWF, FVIII and their ratio, particularly in racial and gender specific manners.
Fast, easy, and reproducible fingerprint methods for endotoxin characterization in nanocellulose and alginate-based hydrogel scaffolds
Creators: name: Zuber, Jan
name: Lopes Cascabulho, Paula
name: Gemini Piperni, Sara
name: José Farias Corrêa do Amaral, Ronaldo
name: Vogt, Carla
name: Carre, Vincent
name: Hertzog, Jasmine
name: Kontturi, Eero
name: Trubetskaya, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Nanocellulose- and alginate-based hydrogels have been suggested as potential wound-healing materials, but their utilization is limited by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements regarding endotoxin levels. Cytotoxicity and the presence of endotoxin were assessed after gel sterilization using an autoclave and UV treatment. A new fingerprinting method was developed to characterize the compounds detected in cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)- and cellulose-nanofiber (CNF)-based hydrogels using both positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (ESI FT-ICR MS). These biobased hydrogels were used as scaffolds for the cultivation and growth of human dermal fibroblasts to test their biocompatibility. A resazurin-based assay was preferred over all other biocompatibility methodologies since it allowed for the evaluation of viability over time in the same sample without causing cell lysis. The CNF dispersion of 6 EU mL−1 was slightly above the limits, and it did not affect the cell viability, whereas CNC hydrogels induced a reduction of metabolic activity by the fibroblasts. The chemical structure of the detected endotoxins did not contain phosphates, but it encompassed hydrophobic sulfonate groups, requiring the development of new high-pressure sterilization methods for the use of cellulose hydrogels in medicine.
Differential Expression of CD45RO and CD45RA in Bovine T Cells
Creators: name: Kandel, Anmol
name: Li, Lei
name: Hada, Akanksha
name: Xiao, Zhengguo
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: cattle
memory
CD4+ T cells
CD8+ T cells
γδ T cells
CD45RO
CD45RA
IFNγ
IL4
PBMCs

description: Effective vaccination induces immune memory to protect animals upon pathogen re-encounter. Despite contradictory reports, bovine memory T cells are identified based on two isoforms of CD45, expression of CD45RO plus exclusion of CD45RA. In this report, we contrasted CD45RA/RO expression on circulatory T cells with IFNγ and IL4 expression induced by a conventional method. To our surprise, 20% of cattle from an enclosed herd did not express CD45RO on T cells without any significant difference on CD45RA expression and IFNγ or IL4 induction. In CD45RO expressing cattle, CD45RA and CD45RO expressions excluded each other, with dominant CD45RO (>90%) expression on gamma delta (γδ) followed by CD4+ (60%) but significantly higher CD45RA expression on CD8+ T cells (about 80%). Importantly, more than 80% of CD45RO expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells failed to produce IFNγ and IL-4; however, within the cytokine inducing cells, CD4+ T cells highly expressed CD45RO but those within CD8+ T cells mostly expressed CD45RA. Hence, CD45RO is not ubiquitously expressed in cattle, and rather than with memory phenotype, CD45RA/RO expression are more associated with distinct T cell subtypes.
Rapid and Efficient Production of Coronary Artery Ligation and Myocardial Infarction in Mice Using Surgical Clips
Creators: name: Allen, Tyler A.
name: Henry, Eric
name: Hensley, Michael Taylor
name: Caranasos, Thomas George
name: Tang, Junnan
name: Vandergriff, Adam
name: Zhang, Tianxia
name: Zhang, Jinying
name: Wang, Zegen
name: Cores, Jhon
name: Cheng, Ke
name: Andrade, James N. B. M. de
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: AimsThe coronary artery ligation model in rodents mimics human myocardial infarction (MI). Normally mechanical ventilation and prolonged anesthesia period are needed. Recently, a method has been developed to create MI by popping-out the heart (without ventilation) followed by immediate suture ligation. Mortality is high due to the time-consuming suture ligation process while the heart is exposed. We sought to improve this method and reduce mortality by rapid coronary ligation using a surgical clip instead of a suture.Methods and ResultsMice were randomized into 3 groups: clip MI (CMI), suture MI (SMI), or sham (SHAM). In all groups, heart was manually exposed without intubation through a small incision on the chest wall. Unlike the conventional SMI method, mice in the CMI group received a metal clip on left anterior descending artery (LAD), quickly dispensed by an AutoSuture Surgiclip™. The CMI method took only 1/3 of ligation time of the standard SMI method and improved post-MI survival rate. TTC staining and Masson’s trichrome staining revealed a similar degree of infarct size in the SMI and CMI groups. Echocardiograph confirmed that both SMI and CMI groups had a similar reduction of ejection fraction and fraction shortening over the time. Histological analysis showed that the numbers of CD68+ macrophages and apoptotic cells (TUNEL-positive) are indistinguishable between the two groups.ConclusionThis new method, taking only less than 3 minutes to complete, represents an efficient myocardial infarction model in rodents.