cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The synthesis of group 3 and group 4 metal amidate chloride complexes and titanium catalysts for olefin hydroamination
Creators: name: Beard, James David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The work presented in this thesis bridges the boundaries between what is considered traditional inorganic and organic chemistry. The uniting principle is a focus on synthesis. This manifests in the development of new synthetic strategies for preparing novel organometallic complexes, and in the investigation of the reactivity of these coordination compounds. The ultimate goal is the development of rationally designed, and well characterized metal complexes for use in new catalytic organic transformations. Two routes for the synthesis of amidate complexes from group 4 metal chlorides were developed. A variety of group 4 metal bis(amidate) dichloride complexes were synthesized and characterized. The structures of three titanium bis(amidate) dichlorides complexes were solved by X-ray crystallography. The first known homoleptic yttrium amidate complex was prepared and its structure was solved by X-ray crystallography. Investigations were made into the application of titanium bis(amidate) bis(amido) complexes for the synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds. Several titanium catalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes were discovered. A study was undertaken to elucidate the influence that steric and electronic factors in the amidate auxiliary ligand have on the activity of titanium bis(amidate) imido hydroamination catalysts. Finally, preliminary work was done on exploring the application of lanthanide chloride complexes toward new carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, and in the development of chiral amidate ligands for potential applications in asymmetric catalysis.
The Phoenix Deep Survey: spectroscopic catalog
Creators: name: Afonso, J.
name: Georgakakis, A.
name: Almeida, C.
name: Hopkins, A. M.
name: Cram, L. E.
name: Mobasher, B.
name: Sullivan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Phoenix Deep Survey is a multi-wavelength survey based on deep 1.4 GHz radio imaging, reaching well into the sub-100 microJy level. One of the aims of this survey is to characterize the sub-mJy radio population, exploring its nature and evolution. In this paper we present the catalog and results of the spectroscopic observations aimed at characterizing the optically ``bright'' (R
description: 39 pages, 12 figures. References added, and minor changes to reflect published version
The nature of $X(3872)$ from high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions
Creators: name: Esposito, Angelo
name: Ferreiro, Elena G.
name: Pilloni, Alessandro
name: Polosa, Antonio D.
name: Salgado, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of exotic resonances that do not trivially fit the usual quark model expectations has been a matter of intense scientific debate during the last two decades. A possible way of estimating the size of these states is to study their behavior when immersed in QCD matter. Recently, LHCb has measured the relative abundance of the exotic $X(3872)$ over the ordinary $ψ(2S)$. We use the comover interaction model to study the yield of a compact $X(3872)$. To confirm the reliability of the model in high-multiplicity $pp$ collisions, we describe the suppression of excited over ground $Υ$ states. With this at hand, we show that the size of the compact $X(3872)$ would be slightly larger than that of the $ψ(2S)$. If the $X(3872)$ is instead assumed to be a meson molecule of large size, we argue that its evolution in QCD matter should be described via a coalescence model, as suggested by data on deuteron production. We show that the predictions of this model for the $X(3872)$ are in contrast with data.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. Presentation updated, references added, conclusions unchanged. Version accepted in EPJC
Growth and anisotropy evaluation of NbBiCh$_3$ (Ch = S, Se) misfit-layered superconducting single crystals
Creators: name: Nagao, Masanori
name: Miura, Akira
name: Horibe, Yoichi
name: Maruyama, Yuki
name: Watauchi, Satoshi
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
name: Tanaka, Isao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NbBiCh$_3$ (Ch = S, Se) misfit-layered superconducting single crystals were successfully grown using a CsCl/KCl flux for the first time. The obtained crystals had a well-developed habit parallel to the c-plane with a typical width of 1-2 mm and thickness of 10-40 um. The superconducting transition temperatures with zero resistivity of NbBiS$_3$ single crystals obtained from the nominal composition of Nb0.9Bi1.2S3 was 0.31 K, and that value of the NbBiSe$_3$ single crystals grown from the stoichiometry composition (NbBiSe$_3$) was 2.3 K. Sharp decreases in electric resistivity and magnetic susceptibility at approximately 3 K suggested a possible superconducting transition temperature of NbBiSe$_3$. The normal-state anisotropy values of grown NbBiS$_3$ and NbBiSe$_3$ single crystals were 2.2-2.4 and 1.5-1.6, respectively.
description: 4 figures + 3 figures (Supplementary Materials)
Kinetics of Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Beans of Five Cocoa Varieties
Creators: name: García, Jennifer
name: García, Luis
name: García, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal for cocoa that in high concentrations in chocolate is harmful to health; however, there are hypoaccumulative varieties which can guarantee its innocuousness. The aim was to study the kinetics of Cd accumulation in the beans of five cocoa varieties identifying those of lowest bioaccumulation at the Tulumayo station. As genetic material, five cocoa genotypes S-08 (ICS-95 x UF-296), S-12 (ICS-1 x SCA-6), S-23 (IMC-67 x U-68), S-28 (ICS-39 x U-45) and C-60 (farmer's selection) of different genetic origin were tested. Chemical analyzes of Cd in beans were carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dispersion data were fitted to a curvilinear polynomial regression model and were analyzed using univariate statistics, Pearson's correlation and biplot analysis. The accumulation of Cd in the cocoa beans showed a reductional trend from June to September (summer) characterized by low rains, with a slight increase from October to November (beginning of winter) in which ones are more frequent, accumulating 0,894 ppm of Cd on average. Also, there was a differential response between genotypes, having S-8 and C-60 varieties the lowest accumulation with 0,650 and 0,815 ppm of Cd, respectively, turning out to be less than or equal to the maximum allowable limit established by the European Commission for chocolates with dry cocoa solids ≥ 50 %, respectively. Positive and highly significant correlations between Cu / Zn (r = 0,869), Mn / Fe (r = 0,755), Fe / Zn (r = 0,655), while negative correlations highly significant for Cd / Zn (r = - 0,667) and Cd / Cu (r = - 0,531) and significant between Cd/Mn (r = 0,365), were found. The biplot analysis showed positive values for Cu and Zn in PC1, that are closer to S-08 than to S-28, while Mn and Cd with negative values in PC2, are closer to S-23 variety. The very distant positions of Zn and Cd with positive values in PC1 and negative in PC2, would show dissimilarity or antagonism between them. The soil chemical analysis (initial and final) did not show substantial differences. 
Keywords: Biplot analysis, cacao varieties, correlation analysis, cadmium in beans.
Electron Bernstein waves in spherical tokamak plasmas with "magnetic wells"
Creators: name: Piliya, A. D.
name: Popov, A. Yu.
name: Tregubova, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to traditional regimes with monotonously increasing magnetic field, regimes with "magnetic wells" also occur in spherical tokamaks (STs). The magnetic field profile inversion modifies significantly the whole picture of the wave propagation and damping. Since the magnetic wells may become quite common with further improvement of ST performance, analysis of such configurations is of interest for assessment of EBW plasma heating an CD perspectives. In this paper the basic features of the EBWs propagation and damping for the second cyclotron harmonic in a slab model are considered.
description: Proc. of 13-th Joint Workshop on ECE and ECRH, N.Novgorod, Russia May 17-20, 2004, 8 pages, 4 figs
Simulation of laser induced retinal thermal injuries for non-uniform irradiance profiles and their evaluation according to the laser safety standard
Creators: name: Kotzur, Sebastian
name: Wahl, Siegfried
name: Frederiksen, Annette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser systems emitting radiation in the visible and near infrared region are potentially hazardous for the retina of the human eye. This can result in irreparable injuries due to photomechanical, photothermal or photochemical light-tissue interactions. This investigation focuses on the photothermal interaction for which a computer model is used to simulate the thermal behavior of the retina and to predict the injury threshold values. The most important factors are the wavelength of the radiation, the exposure time and the irradiance profile on the retina. For performing safety evaluations and classifications the laser safety standard IEC 60825-1:2014 has to be considered. These evaluations are based on emission limits which depend on the same above mentioned factors. According to the IEC 60825-1:2014, non-uniform retinal images are treated by an image analysis where an averaged spot size is used. This averaged size is calculated by the extent of the irradiance profile along two orthogonal directions. Unlike the laser safety standard, the computer model predicts the injury thresholds for an irradiance profile on the retina without averaging the spot size. In this investigation, a broad variety of non-uniform retinal images is investigated with regard to the injury thresholds predicted by the computer model and to the classifications according to the laser safety standard.
Conformational Landscape of Oxygen-Containing Naphthalene Derivatives
Creators: name: Goubet, Manuel
name: Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline
name: Réal, Florent
name: Vallet, Valérie
name: Pirali, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) constitute an important class of molecules found in various environments and are considered important pollutants of the Earth's atmosphere. In particular, functionalization of PACs modify the ring aromaticity, which greatly influences the chemical reactivity of these species. In this work we studied several oxygen-containing PACs, relevant to atmospheric chemistry. We investigated the conformational landscape of four naphthalene-derivative molecules -- namely ,1- and 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 1- and 2-naphthaldehyde -- by means of rotational and vibrational spectroscopy supported by quantum chemical calculations. For 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-naphthaldehyde, intramolecular hydrogen bonding and steric effects drive the conformational preferences while for 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-naphthaldehyde, the charge distributions allow us to understand the conformational landscape. This work not only demonstrates how the localization of the substitution group in the ring influences the conformational relative energies and but also constitutes a step toward a better understanding of the different chemical reactivity of such functionalized PACs.
Exact and approximate many-body dynamics with stochastic one-body density matrix evolution
Creators: name: Lacroix, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the dynamics of interacting fermions can be exactly replaced by a quantum jump theory in the many-body density matrix space. In this theory, jumps occur between densities formed of pairs of Slater determinants, $D_{ab}=| Φ_a > < Φ_b |$, where each state evolves according to the Stochastic Schrödinger Equation (SSE) given in ref. \cite{Jul02}. A stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equation is derived as well as the associated Bogolyubov-Born-Green-Kirwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy. Due to the specific form of the many-body density along the path, the presented theory is equivalent to a stochastic theory in one-body density matrix space, in which each density matrix evolves according to its own mean field augmented by a one-body noise. Guided by the exact reformulation, a stochastic mean field dynamics valid in the weak coupling approximation is proposed. This theory leads to an approximate treatment of two-body effects similar to the extended Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock (Extended TDHF) scheme. In this stochastic mean field dynamics, statistical mixing can be directly considered and jumps occur on a coarse-grained time scale. Accordingly, numerical effort is expected to be significantly reduced for applications.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Readings of the multiplicity for the articulation of the right to reading from the relational perspective
Creators: name: Andrada, Concepción
name: González, Aldo Ocampo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Education

description: The purpose of this paper is the detailed analysis of the field of knowledge of reading education, understood as a field that displays its actions in the complex and in the production of multiplicity. The critical task facing reading from socio-political perspectives lies in the unveiling of new intellectual and methodological ways that interrogate the ways of thinking, experimenting and practicing reading education through the concretion of educational tactics and strategies that help to mobilize new rationalities in the problematization of literacy, schooling and the construction of citizenship. Therefore, the relational thinking is key in the design of reading policies and programs of animation of reading habits, since it explores the ways of acting of the structures of culture, socialization and their devices of drag to the margins of the so-called right to reading.
Molecular insights on Poly(N-isoproylacrylamide) coil-to-globule transition induced by pressure
Creators: name: Tavagnacco, Letizia
name: Chiessi, Ester
name: Zaccarelli, Emanuela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAM) phase diagram is explored in a wide range of temperature and pressure using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. By exploiting a simple model of an atactic linear polymer chain, we provide novel insights into PNIPAM coil-to-globule transition addressing the roles played by both temperature and pressure. We find that a coil-to-globule transition exists up to large pressures, undergoing an intriguing reentrant behavior of the lower critical solution temperature with increasing pressure in agreement with experimental observations. Furthermore, we report the existence of a new kind of globular state at high pressures, again confirming experimental results: this is characterized by a more structured hydration shell, that is closer to PNIPAM hydrophobic domains, with respect to the atmospheric pressure counterpart. Our results clearly show that temperature and pressure induce PNIPAM coil-to-globule transition through different molecular mechanisms, opening the way for a systematic use of both thermodynamic parameters to tune the location of the transition and the properties of the associated swollen/collapsed states.
Intermolecular hydroamination of allenes and the synthesis of new zirconium and titanium amido complexes
Creators: name: Ayinla, Rashidat Omolabake
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A bulky bis(amidate)-bis(amido) titanium complex 38 serves as a precatalyst for the intermolecular hydroamination of allenes. Reaction of benzylallene and phenylallene with aryl- and alkylamines produces branched imines in good yield. The resultant imines were either reduced to amines or hydrolyzed to ketones for full characterization. Methoxyallene and 2,6-dimethylphenoxyallene also react with aryl- and alkylamines in good yield. However, with these substrates another regioisomer (allylamines, the unbranched products) are observed as the major products with all amines except 2,6- dimethylaniline. In this case, the branched imine is observed as the sole product. The change in regioselectivity is probably due to coordination of the oxygen to the metal catalyst, which then directs the addition of the nitrogen functionality to carbon 3 of the allene. This coordination is presumably absent with the bulky 2,6-dimethylaniline. Ether amines obtained after reduction of the ether imine products from oxyallene hydroamination serve as precursors to new N,0 chelating ligands for the formation of titanium and zirconium amido complexes. The reaction of one equivalent of proligand with one equivalent of Zr(NMe₂)₄ or Ti(TSlMe₂)₄ results in new group 4 complexes with N,0 chelating five-membered metallacycles. X-ray crystallographic studies show all complexes to be of distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry with a dative bond between the oxygen atom and the metal centre. These new complexes are effective precatalysts for the intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes. The aminoalkenes 2,2-diphenyl-4-pentenylamine, 2,2-dimethyl-4-pentenylamine, and 2,2-diphenyl-5- hexenylamine were converted to either pyrrolidines or piperidines in good yield.
CONSUMER CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD PRICES
Creators: name: Mandleni, B.
name: Anim, F.D.K.
name: Mandleni, B.
name: Anim, F.D.K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food prices
subject: consumer characteristics
subject: logit model

description: To keep up with the recent trends in consumer demand for food products, an understanding of the associated customer characteristics is needed. This study identifies significant characteristics and factors of households who are likely to purchase basic household food when prices are high. The analysis was performed using logit model. The results of the study imply that the following households are more likely to purchase foods when prices are high: those with large sizes of land for farming and for home garden, those who frequently purchase the basic food stuffs, those who receive some advice on prices of food, and those with large household sizes. Educated females with information sources on food prices, and those household who stay far away from the nearest food shops do not appear to be likely to purchase food when prices are high.
Assessment of non-tariff measures for selected agri-food exports from Africa to the European Union
Creators: name: Gay, Stephan Hubertus
name: Mellado, Aida Gonzalez
name: M'Barek, Robert
name: Gay, Stephan Hubertus
name: Mellado, Aida Gonzalez
name: M'Barek, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Non-tariff measures (NTMs) gain in importance in view of tariff reductions, by multilateral and bilateral agreements. African agri-food exports have benefited from considerable tariff reduction by the European Union (EU), but the share in EU imports has not risen. This paper describes possible methodologies to assess NTMs and an exporter survey conducted in 2009 in five African countries: Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya, Morocco, South Africa and Uganda. 95 respondents graded 35 NTMs in five categories. The results have been rather positive in general terms but specific issues like transportation, EU procedures and SPS measures have been regarded as considerably hampering trade. On the other hand, there has been also the mentioning of the positive effect of SPS standards. The country specific assessment of the answers showed that exporters in South Africa and Morocco are more concerned by NTMs.
Quality of traded raw cocoa: origin specific variation, correlations of quality determining factors and development of a "cocoa quality system"
Creators: name: Rohsius, Christina
name: Lieberei (†), Reinhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Cocoa farms around the world export close to 4 million metric tons of fermented and dried cocoa beans (raw cocoa) annually, worth nearly 10 Billion US$. Around sixty countries produce and export cocoa beans. However, differences in quality and quantity of this commodity are immense due to a vast variety of e.g. agricultural practices and post-harvest management. Changes of the market usually occur slowly and are to some extent predictable, since the cocoa tree is a perennial crop. However, quality studies surveying and comparing traded cocoa beans from various countries are rare. In order to display the typical cocoa trade situation two studies, both called "Cocoa Bean Atlas" were carried out, comprising the results of 265 traded, raw cocoa samples from 32 different countries (Rohsius, 2007). The sample set represents bulk and fine/flavour cacao, different regions (e.g., Bali, Sulawesi), special traded qualities and provenances (e.g. Arriba, Maracaibo, Java "A") as well as 5 monoclonal fermentations (e.g. varieties EET 95, EET 103, EET 48, CCN 51, CCN 31) and samples of the related species Theobroma grandiflorum. Around 15 analytical parameters such as content and composition of fat and fatty acids, free amino acids, polyphenols, acetic and lactic acid, methylxanthines etc., as well as physico-chemical attributes (e.g. bean weight) and cut test were analysed. Results from these parameters were correlated within samples from one country, but also between countries using Principal Component Analysis. In order to interpret these correlations the factors "fermentation process" and "origin" were looked at in a separate study (Rohsius, 2007). Therefore, different fermentation stages (single cocoa beans) were collected from the sample set (e.g. from Ghana, Ecuador, Haiti, Indonesia). Polyphenols (epicatechin, catechin, anthocyanins), pH and enzymatic activity (aspartic proteinase, polyphenol oxidase) were analysed. Also free amino acids were analysed in special fermentation and incubation tests. Using all four data sets, a typical processing related biochemistry pattern could be detected ("cocoa quality system"). It provides the possibility to rank even unknown samples from which just a few analytical or cut test results are known. The fermentation status of the cocoa bean could be identified as the most important, but not the only driving factor for the main differences between samples. The variation of the main characteristics of traded raw cocoa quality is described.
Keywords: traded cocoa; cocoa quality system; fermentation stages, Theobroma cacao L.
Minimizing the effect of trends on detrended fluctuation analysis of long-range correlated noise
Creators: name: Nagarajan, Radhakrishnan
name: Kavasseri, Rajesh G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) has been proposed as a robust technique to determine possible long-range correlations in power-law processes [1]. However, recent studies have reported the susceptibility of DFA to trends [2] which give rise to spurious crossovers and prevent reliable estimation of the scaling exponents. Inspired by these reports, we propose a technique based on singular value-decomposition (SVD) of the trajectory matrix to minimize the effect of linear, power-law, periodic and also quasi-periodic trends superimposed on long-range correlated power-law noise. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated on publicly available data sets [2].
description: 15 pages, 13 Figures
DTDN: Dual-task De-raining Network
Creators: name: Wang, Zheng
name: Li, Jianwu
name: Song, Ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.3

description: Removing rain streaks from rainy images is necessary for many tasks in computer vision, such as object detection and recognition. It needs to address two mutually exclusive objectives: removing rain streaks and reserving realistic details. Balancing them is critical for de-raining methods. We propose an end-to-end network, called dual-task de-raining network (DTDN), consisting of two sub-networks: generative adversarial network (GAN) and convolutional neural network (CNN), to remove rain streaks via coordinating the two mutually exclusive objectives self-adaptively. DTDN-GAN is mainly used to remove structural rain streaks, and DTDN-CNN is designed to recover details in original images. We also design a training algorithm to train these two sub-networks of DTDN alternatively, which share same weights but use different training sets. We further enrich two existing datasets to approximate the distribution of real rain streaks. Experimental results show that our method outperforms several recent state-of-the-art methods, based on both benchmark testing datasets and real rainy images.
the-effect-of-selenium-on-hashimotos-thyroiditis-systemic-review-and-meta-analysis
Creators: name: Alijani, Ehsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: the effect of selenium supplementation on hashimoto's thyroiditis, systematic review and Meta-Analysis
Coronal Evolution of the Sun in Time: High-Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Solar Analogs with Different Ages
Creators: name: Telleschi, A.
name: Guedel, M.
name: Briggs, K.
name: Audard, M.
name: Ness, J. -U.
name: Skinner, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We investigate the long-term evolution of X-ray coronae of solar analogs based on high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and photometry with XMM-Newton. Six nearby main-sequence G stars with ages between ~0.1 Gyr and \~1.6 Gyr and rotation periods between ~1d and 12.4d have been observed. We derive coronal element abundances and the coronal emission measure distribution (EMD). The abundances change from an inverse-First Ionization Potential (FIP) distribution in stars with ages around 0.1 Gyr to a solar-type FIP distribution in stars at ages of 0.3 Gyr and beyond. The coronal EMDs show shapes characterized by power-laws on each side of the EMD peak. The latter shifts from temperatures of about 10 MK in the most rapidly rotating, young stars to temperatures around 4 MK in the oldest target considered here. The power-law index on the cooler side of the EMD exceeds expected slopes for static loops, with typical values being 1.5-3. We interpret this slope with a model in which the coronal emission is due to a superposition of stochastically occurring flares, with an occurrence rate that is distributed in radiated energy E as a power-law, dN/dE ~ E^-a. Our EMDs indicate a ~ 2.2-2.8, in excellent agreement with values previously derived from light curves of magnetically active stars. We derive the range of flare energies required to explain the light-curve modulation. In an overall scenario, we propose that flaring activity plays a larger role in more active stars. In this model, the higher flare rate is responsible both for the higher average coronal temperature and the high coronal X-ray luminosity, two parameters that are indeed found to be correlated.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures, 10 tables
Minimal Chimera States in Phase-Lag Coupled Mechanical Oscillators
Creators: name: Ebrahimzadeh, Pezhman
name: Schiek, Michael
name: Jaros, Patrycja
name: Kapitaniak, Tomasz
name: van Waasen, Stefan
name: Maistrenko, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain experimental chimera states in the minimal network of three identical mechanical oscillators (metronomes), by introducing phase-lagged all-to-all coupling. For this, we have developed a real-time model-in-the-loop coupling mechanism that allows for flexible and online change of coupling topology, strength and phase-lag. The chimera states manifest themselves as a mismatch of average frequency between two synchronous and one desynchronized oscillator. We find this kind of striking chimeric behavior is robust in a wide parameter region. At other parameters, however, chimera state can lose stability and the system behavior manifests itself as a heteroclinic switching between three saddle-type chimeras. Our experimental observations are in a qualitative agreement with the model simulation.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to European Physical Journal (EPJ) Special Topics
Superanalysis on quantum spaces
Creators: name: Schmidt, Alexander
name: Wachter, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attention is focused on antisymmetrised versions of quantum spaces that are of particular importance in physics, i.e. Manin plane, q-deformed Euclidean space in three or four dimensions as well as q-deformed Minkowski space. For each of these quantum spaces we provide q-analogs for elements of superanalysis, i.e. Grassmann integrals, Grassmann exponentials, Grassmann translations and braided products with supernumbers.
description: Latex, 42 pages, more detailed introduction, section about basic concepts of superanalysis included, several modifications to improve clarity, typos corrected
On the Growth Performance of Sub-Saharan African Countries
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Busse, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Political Economy
subject: agriculture
subject: growth
subject: institutions
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: trade

description: The article discusses some of the most important reasons for the poor growth performance of most countries in sub-Saharan Africa. While high protection levels in high-income countries in Europe and North America for agricultural trade have been cited as a major impediment for the development of African countries, they are unlikely to play a major role. Rather, a lack of integration into world markets and the relatively poor quality of African institutions are more likely to explain the low growth rates.
Number of paths versus number of basis functions in American option pricing
Creators: name: Glasserman, Paul
name: Yu, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G40 (Primary) 65C05, 65C50, 60G35 (Secondary)

description: An American option grants the holder the right to select the time at which to exercise the option, so pricing an American option entails solving an optimal stopping problem. Difficulties in applying standard numerical methods to complex pricing problems have motivated the development of techniques that combine Monte Carlo simulation with dynamic programming. One class of methods approximates the option value at each time using a linear combination of basis functions, and combines Monte Carlo with backward induction to estimate optimal coefficients in each approximation. We analyze the convergence of such a method as both the number of basis functions and the number of simulated paths increase. We get explicit results when the basis functions are polynomials and the underlying process is either Brownian motion or geometric Brownian motion. We show that the number of paths required for worst-case convergence grows exponentially in the degree of the approximating polynomials in the case of Brownian motion and faster in the case of geometric Brownian motion.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051604000000846 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Demand for non-commodity outputs from mountain olive groves
Creators: name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Kallas, Zein
name: Nekhay, Olexandr
name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Kallas, Zein
name: Nekhay, Olexandr
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural multifunctionality
subject: Economic valuation
subject: Choice experiments
subject: Olive groves
subject: Andalusia (Spain)

description: Agricultural multifunctionality is the recognition of the joint exercise of economic, environmental and social functions by this sector. In order to make this concept operative to support the design of public policies, it is necessary to estimate the social demand for such functions. The main objective of this article is to present an empirical application in this line. For this purpose we have adopted the agricultural system of mountain olive groves in Andalusia (Southern Spain) at risk of abandonment after the decoupling of the EU subsidies as a case study. The economic valuation technique used is the Choice Experiments. According to the results, each attribute included in the concept of multifunctionality makes a different contribution to the improvement of the utility at societal level. Thus, and taking into account its willingness to pay (WTP) for each attribute, maintaining rural population levels in villages and fighting soil erosion seem to be the functions most valued by citizens of Andalusia. These functions are followed by improvement in the visual quality of the rural landscapes and the reduction of phytosanitary residues in food. Finally, although the results suggest that there is a significant demand for the various functions, this demand is heterogeneous, and depends on the socio-economic characteristics of the individuals.
OFFICIAL RURAL CREDIT FOR CACAO IN THE AMAZON: PROBLEM OR SOLUTION?
Creators: name: Mendes, F. A. T.
name: Barista, I. V.
name: Assis, L. F.C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The use of public policies with the objective of promoting the development of cacao cultivation in the Amazon and, especially in the state of Pará, must be considered as the starting point in the change of paradigms in this matter, and rural credit was decisive in the establishment of plantations of cocoa trees in their first 15 years of their technological phase (1975 – 1990).
Until the beginning of the 1970s, cacao in the Amazon was considered an extractive crop. It was with the advent of the Initial Cocoa Project, created by the Secretary of Agriculture of the State of Pará, that the cocoa tree entered its technological phase. CEPLAC, considering its expertise in cocoa cultivation, was invited to be the technological advisor for the Project, implementing the technology that was already being implemented in the cocoa trees deployed in Bahia. To support the actions of new cocoa plantations, subsidized rural credit was one of the main elements to support those producers who were motivated to participate in the Project.
Thus, from the mid-1970s with the advent of PROCACAU until its end in 1985, development programs such as PROTERRA and POLOAMAZÔNIA, among other things, entered as providers of financial resources for rural credit. These incentives had a small stoppage between 1985 and 1989, being resumed at the end of 1989 with the implementation of the credit program called Constitutional Funds (North, Northeast and Midwest of Brazil).
However, an issue that has been established for some time is that, even with the availability of financial resources to finance cocoa farming, curiously, what has been seen is the return of these resources to the source of the National Treasury, as farmers apparently, they do not feel encouraged to seek these resources.
In order to try to understand the reasons for such events, a field survey was carried out in some municipalities of the Transamazonica, a region that represents almost 80% of all the movement of production and planted area of cocoa trees in the state of Pará, where farmers report that excessive bureaucracy, lack of information about credit programs and private financing on the part of cocoa buyers are the main reasons for their choice not to seek official credit.
Segundo Amin (1988 p. 13), o fator que mais influenciou no desenvolvimento da cacauicultura na Amazônia foi, sem dúvida alguma, o crédito rural. Sem o apoio financeiro das Instituições bancárias e dos órgãos federais, encarregados de orientar o processo de implantação, o cacau não seria uma das principais fontes de renda do setor rural e uma das mais importantes atividades agrícolas da região Amazônica.
Misspecified and Asymptotically Minimax Robust Quickest Change Diagnosis
Creators: name: Molloy, Timothy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The problem of quickly diagnosing an unknown change in a stochastic process is studied. We establish novel bounds on the performance of misspecified diagnosis algorithms designed for changes that differ from those of the process, and pose and solve a new robust quickest change diagnosis problem in the asymptotic regime of few false alarms and false isolations. Simulations suggest that our asymptotically robust solution offers a computationally efficient alternative to generalised likelihood ratio algorithms.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Nonequilibrium dynamics in scalar hybrid models
Creators: name: Baacke, Jurgen
name: Heinen, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study by numerical simulations the transition from the metastable "false vacuum" to the broken symmetry phase in the preheating stage after cosmic inflation in a scalar hybrid model. We take quantum fluctuations and their back reaction into account by applying a one-loop bubble-resummation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the conference Strong and Electroweak Matter (SEWM2004), Helsinki, Finland, 16-19 June 2004
Analyzing supply response of fruit tree products in Tunisia: The case of peaches
Creators: name: Laajimi, Abderraouf
name: Guesmi, Anis
name: Mahfoudhi, A.
name: Dhehibi, Boubaker
name: Laajimi, Abderraouf
name: Guesmi, Anis
name: Mahfoudhi, A.
name: Dhehibi, Boubaker
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Supply response
subject: modeling
subject: price expectations
subject: peaches

description: In Tunisia, peaches have a significant place in the fruit tree sector. Planted areas have been expanding ever since the eighties as a result of irrigation water extension and the use of better yielding varieties. These factors resulted in high production levels and fruit exports thereof. However, important seasonal and annual variation of fruit supplies continues to characterize prices at both wholesale and consumption levels. To study the response of peach production an econometric model was developed. Modelling was carried out in two stages. First area variation was explained through new plantings and removals and second yield variation was analyzed. The methodological approach followed takes into account the characteristics and specificities related to perennial crops. Weak response of supply to variations in expected prices was obtained. Supply price elasticity was estimated about 0.13 suggesting a high degree of inelasticity.
Some more evidence in the discussion of the ambiguities surrounding consumer perceived value and consumer satisfaction: A new perspective on the role of mass communication theories
Creators: name: Spais, George S.
name: Vasileiou, Konstantinos Z.
name: Spais, George S.
name: Vasileiou, Konstantinos Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: consumer perceived value
subject: consumer satisfaction
subject: marketing constructs
subject: ambiguities
subject: mass communication theories

description: The major objective of this study is to test two alternative models in order to investigate whether customer value and satisfaction represent two theoretically and empirically distinct concepts. We address the core research themes of our study using a survey. This paper contributes to marketing research by introducing a new parameter (the examination of the mass communication theories) at the growing discussion about the ambiguities surrounding marketing constructs, such as consumer perceived value and consumer satisfaction. The consumer perceived value and consumer satisfaction conceptualizations (in the food-marketing context) that have an interest for both academic research and practitioners
What Influences Tastes? An Analysis of the Determinants of Consumers’ Demand for Tastes in Food
Creators: name: Drichoutis, Andreas C.
name: Lazaridis, Panagiotis
name: Drichoutis, Andreas C.
name: Lazaridis, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Nutrition
subject: Tastes
subject: Demand
subject: Linear Programming
subject: Tobit

description: This article explores the factors affecting demand for tastes in food. Following Silberberg (1985) we divide demand for food into demand for nutrition and demand for tastes. We first compute the minimum cost required to fulfil the Recommended Daily Allowances (RDAs) of households and attribute the difference of minimum cost from actual expenditures as the expenditure for tastes. Since prices are essential in deriving the minimum cost and data do not allow for the derivation of prices for food consumed away-from-home (FAFH), we also present a way to account for the FAFH expenditure. Data from the 1998/99 Greek Household Expenditure Survey are used. Results indicate a number of socioeconomic factors such as income, household size, urbanization, age and gender of the households’ head as important factors explaining demand for tastes.
Conformal models of de Sitter space, initial conditions for inflation and the CMB
Creators: name: Lasenby, Anthony
name: Doran, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conformal embedding of closed-universe models in a de Sitter background suggests a quantisation condition on the available conformal time. This condition implies that the universe is closed at no greater than the 10% level. When a massive scalar field is introduced to drive an inflationary phase this figure is reduced to closure at nearer the 1% level. In order to enforce the constraint on the available conformal time we need to consider conditions in the universe before the onset of inflation. A formal series around the initial singularity is constructed, which rests on a pair of dimensionless, scale-invariant parameters. For physically-acceptable models we find that both parameters are of order unity, so no fine tuning is required, except in the mass of the scalar field. For typical values of the input parameters we predict the observed values of the cosmological parameters, including the magnitude of the cosmological constant. The model produces a very good fit to the most recent CMBR data, predicting a low-l fall-off in the CMB power spectrum consistent with that observed by WMAP.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures. To appear in proceedings 'Phi in the Sky', Porto, 2004
Effectiveness of information communication technology in rural insurance
Creators: name: Thamodaran, Varadaraju
name: Ramesh, Mahalingam
name: Thamodaran, Varadaraju
name: Ramesh, Mahalingam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Insurance
subject: ICT
subject: effectiveness
subject: rural people
subject: media.

description: Information and communications technologies are a device set of technological tools and resources used to communicate rural people about to disseminate awareness, create interest and to stimulate enroll intentions of insurance. It has enabled countries to leapfrog traditional modes of service delivery and make manifold improvements in process effectiveness and efficiency. Widespread adoption and application of information communication technology across the different fields of society and the economy is presently considered to be the key factor behind boosting competitiveness and developing an informed society. In general, information communication technology and its tools that people use to share, distribute, information gathering and to communicate with insurance providers, or in groups, through the use of media such as print, visual and interconnected computer networks.
Hydrodynamical modeling of the light curves of core collapse supernovae with HYPERION. I. The mass range 13-25 Msun, the metallicities -3<=[Fe/H]<=0 and the case of SN1999em
Creators: name: Limongi, Marco
name: Chieffi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the last version of {\scshape{Hyperion}} (HYdrodynamic Ppm Explosion with Radiation diffusION), a hydrodynamic code designed to calculate the explosive nucleosynthesis, remnant mass and light curve associated to the explosion of a massive star. By means of this code we compute the explosion of a subset of red supergiant models, taken from the database published by \cite{lc18}, for various explosion energies in the range $\rm \sim 0.20-2.00~10^{51}~erg$. The main outcomes of these simulations, i.e., remnant mass, $\rm ^{56}Ni$ synthesized, luminosity and length of the plateau of the bolometric light curve, are analyzed as a function of the initial parameters of the star (mass and metallicity) and of the explosion energy. As a first application of {\scshape{Hyperion}} we estimated the mass and the metallicity of the progenitor star of SN 1999em, a well studied SN IIP, by means of the light curve fitting. In particular, if the adopted distance to the host galaxy NGC 1637 is $\rm 7.83~Mpc$, the properties of the light curve point toward a progenitor with an initial mass of $\rm 13~M_\odot$ and a metallicity [Fe/H]=-1. If, on the contrary, the adopted distance modulus is $\rm 11.7~Mpc$, all the models with initial mass $13\leq M/M_\odot\leq 15$ and metallicities $\rm -1\leq [Fe/H] \leq 0$ are compatible with the progenitor of SN 1999em.
description: 34 pages, 54 figures. Manuscript submitted to ApJS and revised