cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Who are the workers who never joined a union? Empirical evidence from Germany
Creators: name: Schnabel, Claus
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Gewerkschaft
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Using representative data from the German social survey ALLBUS 2002 and the European Social Survey 2002/03, this paper provides the first empirical analysis of trade union never-membership in Germany. We show that between 54 and 59 percent of all employees in Germany have never been members of a trade union. Individuals’ probability of never-membership is significantly affected by their personal characteristics (in particular age, education and status at work), their political orientation and (to a lesser degree) their family background, and by broad location. In addition, occupational and workplace characteristics play a significant role. Most important in this regard is the presence of a union at the workplace.
description: Unter Verwendung von Daten des ALLBUS 2002 und des European Social Survey 2002/03 analysiert diese Arbeit erstmalig die Nie-Mitgliedschaft in deutschen Gewerkschaften. Wir zeigen, dass 54 bis 59 Prozent aller Beschäftigten in Deutschland niemals Mitglied einer Gewerkschaft waren. Die individuelle Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Nie-Mitgliedschaft hängt signifikant mit persönlichen Merkmalen (insbesondere Alter, Ausbildung und Arbeitsplatzstatus), der politischen Ausrichtung und (in geringerem Maße) dem familiären Hintergrund sowie mit dem Wohnsitz zusammen. Darüber hinaus spielen Charakteristika der Beschäftigung und des Arbeitsplatzes eine signifikante Rolle; besonders wichtig ist hierbei das Vorhandensein einer Gewerkschaft am Arbeitsplatz.
Frances Taylor Patterson
Creators: name: Polan, Dana
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Most biographical details for Frances Taylor Patterson unfortunately are unknown, but she holds an important position in early American cinema history through her efforts on behalf of pedagogy. Specifically, Patterson was one of the earliest university lecturers on motion pictures. After the very first lecturer, Victor Freeburg, left for military service in 1917, Patterson took over his course on Photoplay Composition at Columbia University in New York and taught it over several decades. There has been some suggestion, as yet unconfirmed, that Patterson was Freeburg’s graduate student. She had gotten a Bachelor’s degree from Trinity College in Connecticut in 1914 and may have come to New York to pursue further studies.
Ruth Bryan Owen
Creators: name: Lane, Christina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Ruth Bryan Owen was an orator, a US Democratic congresswoman (1929–1933), and a minister to Denmark and Iceland from 1933 to 1936. She was the daughter of the “Great Commoner” William Jennings Bryan, a three-time Democratic presidential nominee who retired to Florida in the late 1910s. She was married three times, first to Chicago artist William Homer Leavitt, in 1903, then to retired major Reginald Altham Owen, and lastly to the Danish captain Borge Rohde in 1936 (Vickers 59). Between 1919 and 1922, however, she devoted almost all of her energies to filmmaking in Miami, Florida, declaring in a letter dated July 22, 1921, to her friend Carrie Dunlap that she loved nothing as she loved the cinema, and she had finally found her true “métier.” She independently financed, produced, wrote, and directed the feature film Once Upon a Time/Scheherazade (1922), which is now considered lost.
Schwellenwerte im Arbeitsrecht. Höhere Transparenz und Effizienz durch Vereinheitlichung
Creators: name: Koller, Lena
name: Schnabel, Claus
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Schwellenwert
subject: Arbeitsrecht
subject: Beschäftigung
subject: Deutschland
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: In Germany, many labour laws and regulations apply only in establishments above a critical size, and usually these thresholds are defined by the number of employees. The existing 160 thresholds are complex and defined inconsistently, making it difficult for firms to obey the law. Moreover, exceeding a threshold may result in costs for the firm such as establishing a works council or paying a penalty for not employing disabled persons. Although the empirical evidence is mixed, some studies suggest that employment growth is dampened by firms avoiding to exceed thresholds. In order to minimize these transaction costs and side effects, we make several suggestions to simplify and unify the threshold regulations.
description: Viele Regelungen im deutschen Arbeitsrecht gelten nur für Betriebe ab einer bestimmten Größe, wobei derartige Schwellen meist anhand der Beschäftigtenzahl bestimmt werden. Die bestehenden 160 Schwellenwerte sind komplex und inkonsistent definiert, was ihre Beachtung durch die Firmen erschwert. Darüber hinaus kann das Überschreiten einer Schwelle zu zusätzlichen Kosten für die Firma führen, wie z.B. die Errichtung eines Betriebsrates oder die Zahlung einer Abgabe für die Nichtbeschäftigung von Schwerbehinderten. Obwohl die empirische Evidenz nicht eindeutig ist, deuten einige Studien darauf hin, dass Firmen das Überschreiten von Schwellenwerten bewusst vermeiden und der Beschäftigungsaufbau dadurch gedämpft wird. Um diese Transaktionskosten und Nebenwirkungen zu vermeiden, machen wir verschiedene Vorschläge zur Vereinfachung und Vereinheitlichung der Schwellenwertregelungen.
First Passage Percolation on Inhomogeneous Random Graphs
Creators: name: Kolossváry, István
name: Komjáthy, Júlia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C80, 90B15, 60J85

description: We investigate first passage percolation on inhomogeneous random graphs. The random graph model G(n,kappa) we study is the model introduced by Bollobás, Janson and Riordan, where each vertex has a type from a type space S and edge probabilities are independent, but depending on the types of the end vertices. Each edge is given an independent exponential weight. We determine the distribution of the weight of the shortest path between uniformly chosen vertices in the giant component and show that the hopcount, i.e. the number of edges on this minimal weight path, properly normalized follows a central limit theorem. We handle the cases where lambda(n)->lambda is finite or infinite, under the assumption that the average number of neighbors lambda(n) of a vertex is independent of the type. The paper is a generalization the paper by Bhamidi, van der Hofstad and Hooghiemstra, where FPP is explored on the Erdos-Renyi graphs.
Vokesimurex dolichourus
Creators: name: Houart, Roland
name: Héros, Virginie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricidae
Vokesimurex
Vokesimurex dolichourus

description: Vokesimurex dolichourus (Ponder & Vokes, 1988) Haustellum dolichourus Ponder & Vokes, 1988: 105, figs 50 L-N, 68 H, 79 A, 88 F. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP 1349, 17°31’S, 178°39’E, 244-252 m, 1 dd juv; stn CP 1387, 18°19’S, 178°05’E, 229-370 m, 1 lv juv; stn CP 1390, 18°19’S, 178°05’E, 234-361 m, 1 dd juv. DISTRIBUTION. — Indo-West Pacific: from Madagascar to Taiwan, Papua New Guinea, Australia (Queensland) and now Fiji (new record), shells in 244-252 m, live in 229-370 m; Pleistocene of Vanuatu (Ponder & Vokes 1988: 106). REMARKS. — Vokesimurex dolichourus resembles V. kiiensis (Kira, 1959) (see below), but the protoconch of V. dolichourus is broader with a broader first whorl and fewer (2-2.5 vs. 3-3.5) more rounded whorls. The shell is heavier with a comparatively smaller aperture, higher spire and broader varices.
description: Published as part of Houart, Roland & Héros, Virginie, 2008, Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Fiji and Tonga, pp. 437-480 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 441
Signatures of Exotic Hadrons
Creators: name: Renga, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadron spectroscopy represented in the past a major tool for understanding the fundamental symmetries of strong forces. More recently, the interest on this topic has been revitalized by the discovery of new quarkonium-like resonances, that do not fit in the standard picture and whose understanding could improve our mastery of quantum chromodynamics. I review here the experimental signatures of these exotic hadrons, at present and future e+e- and hadron collider experiments.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, submitted to International Journal of Modern Physics A
A cluster expansion approach to exponential random graph models
Creators: name: Yin, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The exponential family of random graphs is among the most widely-studied network models. We show that any exponential random graph model may alternatively be viewed as a lattice gas model with a finite Banach space norm. The system may then be treated by cluster expansion methods from statistical mechanics. In particular, we derive a convergent power series expansion for the limiting free energy in the case of small parameters. Since the free energy is the generating function for the expectations of other random variables, this characterizes the structure and behavior of the limiting network in this parameter region.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure
Vokesimurex hirasei ERGALATAXINAE
Creators: name: Houart, Roland
name: Héros, Virginie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricidae
Vokesimurex
Vokesimurex hirasei

description: Vokesimurex hirasei (Hirase, 1915) Fig. 1D Murex hirasei Hirase, 1915: pl. 47, fig. 232. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn DW 1535, 21°43’S, 175°18’W, 268 m, 1387, 18°19’S, 178°05’E, 229-370 m, 1 dd. — BORDAU 1: stn 1 lv juv; stn DW 1540, 21°15’S, 175°14’W, 317-329 m, 1 dd juv; DW 1464, 18°09’S, 178°38’W, 285-300 m, 2 dd juv; stn DW stn CP 1541, 21°15’S, 175°14’W, 319-333 m, 1 lv juv; stn DW 1469, 19°40’S, 178°10’W, 314-377 m, 1 lv, 1 dd; stn DW 1470, 1586, 18°34’S, 173°55’W, 440-487 m, 1 dd juv; stn DW 1602, 19°40’S, 178°10’W, 316-323 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1471, 19°40’S, 20°49’S, 174°57’W, 263-320 m, 2 dd; stn DW 1603, 22°12’S, 178°10’W, 280-296 m, 1 lv; stn DW 1472, 19°40’S, 178°10’W, 175°20’W, 189-196 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1607, 22°15’S, 175°23’W, 262-266 m, 1 lv; stn DW 1475, 19°41’S, 178°11’W, 321-424 m, 356-367 m, 1 dd; stn DW 1610, 22°59’S, 175°47’W, 216-237 m, 4 lv (Fig. 1D); stn CP 1476, 19°41’S, 178°11’W, 310-420 m, 1 lv 1 lv; stn DW 1611, 23°00’S, 175°47’W, 278-323 m, 1 dd juv. stn juv; stn DW 1497, 18°44’S, 178°25’W, 335-350 m, 4 lv & dd. DW 1636, 21°44’S, 175°20’W, 321-331 m, 1 dd. DISTRIBUTION. — Known from Japan, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and now Fiji and Tonga (new records), live in 237- 335 m. REMARKS. — Vokesimurex hirasei is easily distinguishable from its congeners by its multispiral, conical protoconch and rounded, broad last teleoconch whorl with some dark brown spiral cords.
description: Published as part of Houart, Roland & Héros, Virginie, 2008, Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Fiji and Tonga, pp. 437-480 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on pages 441-442
Highly transitive actions of free products
Creators: name: Moon, Soyoung
name: Stalder, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E06, 20B22

description: We characterize free products admitting a faithful and highly transitive action. In particular, we show that the group $\PSL_2(\Z)\simeq (\Z/2\Z)*(\Z/3\Z)$ admits a faithful and highly transitive action on a countable set.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, Minor changes
A fast and accurate method for computing the Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal of hot galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Chluba, Jens
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Sazonov, Sergey
name: Nelson, Kaylea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New generation ground and space-based CMB experiments have ushered in discoveries of massive galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect, providing a new window for studying cluster astrophysics and cosmology. Many of the newly discovered, SZ-selected clusters contain hot intracluster plasma (kTe > 10 keV) and exhibit disturbed morphology, indicative of frequent mergers with large peculiar velocity (v > 1000 km s^{-1}). It is well-known that for the interpretation of the SZ signal from hot, moving galaxy clusters, relativistic corrections must be taken into account, and in this work, we present a fast and accurate method for computing these effects. Our approach is based on an alternative derivation of the Boltzmann collision term which provides new physical insight into the sources of different kinematic corrections in the scattering problem. This allows us to obtain a clean separation of kinematic and scattering terms which differs from previous works. We briefly mention additional complications connected with kinematic effects that should be considered when interpreting future SZ data for individual clusters. One of the main outcomes of this work is SZpack, a numerical library which allows very fast and precise (
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, accepted by MNRAS; SZpack download: www.Chluba.de/SZpack
Works Councils, Labor Productivity and Plant Heterogeneity: First Evidence from Quantile Regressions
Creators: name: Wagner, Joachim
name: Schank, Thorsten
name: Schnabel, Claus
name: Addison, John T.
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Productivity
subject: Works Council
subject: Quantile Regressions
subject: Heterogeneousness
subject: Produktivität
subject: Betriebsrat
subject: Heterogenität
subject: Lineares Regressionsmodell
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: Using OLS and quantile regression methods and rich cross-section data sets for western and eastern Germany, this paper demonstrates that the impact of works council presence on labor productivity varies between manufacturing and services, between plants that are or are not covered by collective bargaining, and along the conditional distribution of labor productivity. No productivity effects of works councils are found for the service sector and in manufacturing plants not covered by collective bargaining. Besides demonstrating that it is important to look at evidence based on more than one data set, our empirical findings point to the efficacy of supplementing OLS with quantile regression estimates when investigating the behavior of heterogeneous plants.
Vokesimurex kiiensis
Creators: name: Houart, Roland
name: Héros, Virginie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricidae
Vokesimurex
Vokesimurex kiiensis

description: Vokesimurex kiiensis (Kira, 1959) Fig. 1H Murex kiiensis Kira, 1959: 58, pl. 23, fig. 10. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Fiji. BORDAU 1: stn DW 1494, 18°55’S, 178°29’W, 240-319 m, 1 lv, 1 dd. DISTRIBUTION. — Japan, the Philippines and now Fiji (new record), live in 240-319 m. REMARKS. — Vokesimurex kiiensis has a conical, multispiral protoconch, short, blunt, shoulder spines, and crowded, short, blunt spines (ADP, MP, ABP and occasionally EAB1; see Table 1 for explanation of terms) at the base of the siphonal canal.
description: Published as part of Houart, Roland & Héros, Virginie, 2008, Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Fiji and Tonga, pp. 437-480 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 442
Ellen O’Mara Sullivan
Creators: name: Casella, Donna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Ellen O’Mara Sullivan and her husband, James M. Sullivan, started what scholars have called the most prolific indigenous film company of the silent period, the Film Company of Ireland (FCOI). The company began trading in Ireland in 1916, producing primarily historical melodramas and romantic comedies and dramas, all focusing on Irish culture and/or the historical battle for political autonomy from Great Britain. The films had wide release in Dublin and the provinces, and a select few opened in Great Britain and the U.S. Though Sullivan and the FCOI have been the subject of some study, O’Mara Sullivan has received little scholarly attention. Private collections and archival material, however, point to her active participation as the FCOI’s co-director, running the company with her husband until her death in 1919.
Large deviations for cluster size distributions in a continuous classical many-body system
Creators: name: Jansen, Sabine
name: König, Wolfgang
name: Metzger, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An interesting problem in statistical physics is the condensation of classical particles in droplets or clusters when the pair-interaction is given by a stable Lennard-Jones-type potential. We study two aspects of this problem. We start by deriving a large deviations principle for the cluster size distribution for any inverse temperature $β\in (0,\infty)$ and particle density $ρ\in(0,ρ_{\mathrm{cp}})$ in the thermodynamic limit. Here $ρ_{\mathrm{cp}}>0$ is the close packing density. While in general the rate function is an abstract object, our second main result is the $Γ$-convergence of the rate function toward an explicit limiting rate function in the low-temperature dilute limit $β\to \infty$, $ρ\downarrow0$ such that $-β^{-1}\logρ\toν$ for some $ν\in(0,\infty)$. The limiting rate function and its minimisers appeared in recent work, where the temperature and the particle density were coupled with the particle number. In the decoupled limit considered here, we prove that just one cluster size is dominant, depending on the parameter $ν$. Under additional assumptions on the potential, the $Γ$-convergence along curves can be strengthened to uniform bounds, valid in a low-temperature, low-density rectangle.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AAP1014 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Sind mittelständische Betriebe der Jobmotor der deutschen Wirtschaft?
Creators: name: Wagner, Joachim
name: Koller, Lena
name: Schnabel, Claus
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Kleinbetrieb
subject: Mittelbetrieb
subject: Mittelstand
subject: Beschäftigungsentwicklung
subject: Arbeitsplatz
subject: Deutschland
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: In public discussion in Germany it is often argued that jobs are mainly created in small and medium-sized firms (i.e. the “Mittelstand”), whereas large firms tend to reduce their number of jobs. An empirical analysis for the period 1999 to 2005 with data of all western and eastern German firms that have at least one employee covered by social insurance shows that the “job engine Mittelstand” hypothesis is too undifferenciated. While small and medium-sized firms contribute more than proportionally to job growth, they are also heavily involved in job losses. In contrast, large firms with 250 employees and more record shares of job growth and destruction which are lower than their share in employment. This implies that economic policy measures which focus on certain size classes of firms cannot be justified by superior employment growth in these size classes.
description: In der öffentlichen Diskussion in Deutschland wird häufig die These vertreten, dass Arbeitsplätze vorwiegend in kleinen und mittleren Firmen geschaffen werden, während die großen Firmen vor allem Arbeitsplätze abbauen. Eine empirische Überprüfung für den Zeitraum 1999 bis 2005 mit Daten aller west- und ostdeutschen Betriebe, die mindestens einen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten haben, zeigt, dass die These vom alleinigen „Jobmotor Mittelstand“ viel zu undifferenziert ist. In mittelständischen Unternehmen werden zwar überproportional viele Arbeitsplätze geschaffen, aber auch überproportional viele abgebaut. Großbetriebe mit 250 und mehr Beschäftigten weisen dagegen sowohl bei der Schaffung als auch beim Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen geringere Werte auf als es ihrem Beschäftigungsanteil entspräche. Wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen, die sich an der Zuordnung eines Unternehmens zu einer Größenklasse orientieren, lassen sich somit nicht mit einem besonders ausgeprägten Beitrag der Firmen aus dieser Größenklasse zum Beschäftigungswachstum rechtfertigen.
Ida May Park
Creators: name: Cooper, Mark Garrett
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: The 1916 Motion Picture News Studio Directory credits Los Angeles native Ida May Park with twelve years of stage experience as a “leading woman in support of well-known stars” and with screen experience at Pathé and the Universal Film Manufacturing Company, where she was then employed as a scenario writer (134). Park flourished at Universal, where she wrote forty-four films, half of them feature length, between 1914 and 1919. Before 1917, Park’s husband, Joseph De Grasse, directed almost all of the films she wrote. In 1917, Park began directing her own scenarios and, according to a 1918 story in the Universal Weekly, a newspaper for exhibitors, editing them as well (29). She crafted a total of eleven features by this method in a scant two years. Park is important to understand as part of a strong creative presence that we now refer to as “Universal Women,” those who between 1912 and 1919 were promoted from acting or writing to directing and were credited on at least one hundred and seventy titles, a cohort that included Ruth Ann Baldwin, Cleo Madison, Ruth Stonehouse, Lois Weber, and Elsie Jane Wilson (Cooper 17, Denton 50). Park and De Grasse left Universal in the spring or summer of 1919 for reasons as yet unknown. On September 12, the Los Angeles Times reported that Lew Cody and manager-producer Louis J. Gasnier had signed her to direct motion pictures in which Cody would star (16). She made one such title, and, with De Grasse, directed two features for Andrew J. Callaghan Productions in 1920.
What controls the phase diagram and superconductivity in Ru substituted BaFe$_2$As$_2$?
Creators: name: Dhaka, R. S.
name: Liu, Chang
name: Fernandes, R. M.
name: Jiang, Rui
name: Strehlow, C. P.
name: Kondo, Takeshi
name: Thaler, A.
name: Schmalian, J.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Kaminski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high resolution angle-resolved photoemission to study the electronic structure of the iron based high-temperature superconductors Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Ru$_x$)$_2$As$_2$ as a function of Ru concentration. We find that substitution of Ru for Fe is isoelectronic, i. e., it does not change the value of the chemical potential. More interestingly, there are no measured, significant changes in the shape of the Fermi surface or in the Fermi velocity over a wide range of substitution levels ($0
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Arbeitsrechtliche Schwellenwerte und betriebliche Arbeitsplatzdynamik: Eine empirische Untersuchung am Beispiel des Schwerbehindertengesetzes
Creators: name: Koller, Lena
name: Schnabel, Claus
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Deutschland
subject: Gesetz
subject: Schwerbehinderung
subject: Recht
subject: Schwellenwert
subject: Beschäftigungsentwicklung
subject: Arbeitsplatz
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This empirical study investigates the effect of the German disability law on employment dynamics, using data on all employers affected from the Federal Labour Office and data from the IAB Establishment Panel. The data allow us to analyze the second threshold of this law which stated (in our observation period 1999/2000) that firms with 25 or more employees must employ at least two disabled persons or pay a penalty. Descriptive as well as multivariate analyses suggest that employment growth is slightly dampened if firms stand just before this threshold and do not have a sufficient number of disabled employees (i.e. would have to pay the penalty when crossing the threshold). There is, however, no indication that firms in a similar situation above the threshold reduce employment in order to avoid the penalty.
description: In dieser Arbeit werden mögliche Auswirkungen des deutschen Schwerbehindertengesetzes auf die Arbeitsplatzdynamik anhand von Daten einer Vollerhebung davon betroffener Arbeitgeber durch die Bundesagentur für Arbeit und von Daten des IAB-Betriebspanels empirisch überprüft. Dabei wird aus Gründen der Verfügbarkeit geeigneter Daten die zweite Schwelle des Gesetzes von 25 Beschäftigten untersucht, bei deren Überschreiten die Betriebe im Untersuchungszeitraum 1999/2000 zwei Arbeitsplätze mit Schwerbehinderten besetzen oder eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen mussten. Sowohl deskriptive als auch multivariate Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass das Beschäftigungswachstum leicht gebremst wird, wenn Betriebe kurz vor dieser Schwelle stehen und nicht ausreichend Schwerbehinderte beschäftigen (also beim Überschreiten der Schwelle eine Ausgleichsabgabe zahlen müssten). Allerdings gibt es keine Anzeichen dafür, dass Betriebe in einer entsprechenden Situation hinter der Schwelle stärker Beschäftigung abbauen, um diese zu unterschreiten und damit die Abgabe zu vermeiden.
Freistellung für Betriebsräte - Eine Beschäftigungsbremse?
Creators: name: Koller, Lena
name: Schnabel, Claus
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Betriebsrat
subject: Freistellung
subject: Betriebsverfassung
subject: Gesetz
subject: Deutschland
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: According to the German Works Constitution Act, establishments above certain thresholds defined by the number of employees must release members of their works councils from work and enable them to do a full-time job as works councilors. Using a full sample of all establishments affected, we analyse whether making provision for the first full-time works councilor dampens employment growth. We also investigate whether the change of the threshold value from 300 to 200 employees that came into effect in July 2001 changed employment growth at these thresholds. Descriptive as well as econometric analyses suggest that neither the old nor the new threshold value has affected establishments’ employment growth. The same holds for the legal reform of this threshold value.
description: Gemäß Betriebsverfassungsgesetz müssen in Deutschland Betriebe ab einer bestimmten Größe Betriebsräte von ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit freistellen. Anhand einer Vollerhebung aller betroffenen Betriebe wird in dieser Arbeit der Frage nachgegangen, ob die (mit Kosten verbundene) Freistellung des ersten Betriebsratsmitglieds eine bremsende Wirkung auf die Beschäftigungsdynamik von Betrieben hat. Weiterhin wird untersucht, ob die im Juli 2001 erfolgte Herabsetzung des Schwellenwerts von 300 auf 200 Arbeitnehmer zu einer Veränderung des Beschäftigungswachstums von Betrieben an diesen Schwellen geführt hat. Sowohl deskriptive als auch die ökonometrische Analysen deuten darauf hin, dass weder die alte noch die neue Freistellungsschwelle einen Einfluss auf das Beschäftigungswachstum von Betrieben hatte. Gleiches gilt für die gesetzliche Änderung des Schwellenwerts.
Mary O’Connor
Creators: name: Clarke, Liz
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Mary O’Connor worked at numerous companies, in positions such as a manager of the scenario department for Lasky studios, as an assistant to producers, and as a scenario writer. O’Connor’s work with the Screen Writers Guild and its social club, The Writers, is perhaps the part of her career that offers the most fruitful avenue for future research. O’Connor will never be remembered for particular films or even as a particularly powerful member of any one company. However, she was a permanent fixture of the Screen Writers Guild during the 1920s and 1930s and, as such, she offers a lens through which further scholarship can understand how women’s roles in early guilds and unions were central to the development of Hollywood industries.
Vokesimurex mindanaoensis
Creators: name: Houart, Roland
name: Héros, Virginie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricidae
Vokesimurex
Vokesimurex mindanaoensis

description: Vokesimurex mindanaoensis (Sowerby, 1841) Fig. 1G Murex mindinaoensis (sic) Sowerby, 1841: 2, pl. 194, fig. 92. Murex mindanaoensis - Vokes, 1971: 70 (justified emendation). MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Fiji. MUSORSTOM 10: stn CP 1323, m, 1 lv; stn CP 1390, 18°19’S, 178°05’E, 234-361 m, 2 dd. — 17°16’S, 177°46’E, 143-173 m, 1 lv; stn CP 1363, 18°12’S, BORDAU 1: stn CP 1402, 16°38’S, 179°36’E, 260-279 m, 1 lv; 178°33’E, 144-150 m, 2 lv, 1 dd; stn CP 1366, 18°12’S, 178°33’E, stn CP 1403, 16°40’S, 179°36’E, 220-224 m, 1 dd; stn CP 1404, 149- 168 m, 5 lv, 2 dd; stn DW 1370, 18°12’S, 178°33’E, 113- 16°40’S, 179°36’E, 180 m, 2 dd. 123 m, 1 lv (Fig. 1G); stn CP 1371, 18°12’S, 178°33’E, 135-151 DISTRIBUTION. — The Philippines, Papua New Guinea (Ponder & Vokes 1988: 115) and now Fiji (new record), live in 123-260 m. REMARKS. — All the shells examined from Fiji are similar to Philippines specimens. Vokesimurex mindanaoensis is distinguishable by its high spire with short shoulder spines, its numerous short spines on the broad, rounded varices of the last whorl, and its almost spineless, long siphonal canal.
description: Published as part of Houart, Roland & Héros, Virginie, 2008, Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Fiji and Tonga, pp. 437-480 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on pages 442-443
Modified Friedmann Equations From Debye Entropic Gravity
Creators: name: Sheykhi, A.
name: Teimoori, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A remarkable new idea on the origin of gravity was recently proposed by Verlinde who claimed that the laws of gravitation are no longer fundamental, but rather emerge naturally as an entropic force. In Verlinde derivation, the equipartition law of energy on the holographic screen plays a crucial role. However, the equipartition law of energy fails at the very low temperature. Therefore, the formalism of the entropic force should be modified while the temperature of the holographic screen is very low. Considering the Debye entropic gravity and following the strategy of Verlinde, we derive the modified Newton's law of gravitation and the corresponding Friedmann equations which are valid in all range of temperature. In the limit of strong gravitational field, i.e. high temperature compared to Debye temperature, $T\gg T_D$, one recovers the standard Newton's law and Friedmann equations. We also generalize our study to the entropy corrected area law and derive the dynamical cosmological equations for all range of temperature. Some limits of the obtained results are also studied.
description: 9 pages, no figures. The text was revised and new references added. Presented in national conferences in gravity and cosmology at Tehran University
The inversion formula of polylogarithms and the Riemann-Hilbert problem
Creators: name: Oi, Shu
name: Ueno, Kimio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34M50, 11G55 (Primary) 30E25, 11M06, 32G34 (Secondary)

description: In this article, we set up a method of reconstructing to polylogarithms $\mathrm{Li}_k(z)$ from zeta values $ζ(k)$ via the Riemann-Hilbert problem. This is referred to as "a recursive Riemann-Hilbert problem of additive type." Moreover, we suggest a framework of interpreting the connection problem of the Knizhnik-Zamolodochikov equation of one variable as a Riemann-Hilbert problem.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
The persistent decline in unionization in western and eastern Germany, 1980-2004: What can we learn from a decomposition analysis?
Creators: name: Schnabel, Claus
name: Wagner, Joachim
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Union
subject: Membership
subject: Density
subject: Decomposition
subject: Germany
subject: Gewerkschaft
subject: Zerfall
subject: Deutschland
classificationCode: 330
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: An empirical analysis of various waves of the ALLBUS social survey shows that union density fell substantially in western Germany from 1980 to 2004 and in eastern Germany from 1992 to 2004. Such a negative trend can be observed for men and women and for different groups of the workforce. Regression estimates indicate that the probability of union membership is related to a number of personal and occupational variables such as age, public sector employment and being a blue collar worker (significant in western Germany only). A decomposition analysis shows that differences in union density over time and between eastern and western Germany to a large degree cannot be explained by differences in the characteristics of employees. Contrary to wide-spread perceptions, changes in the composition of the workforce seem to have played a minor role in the fall in union density in western and eastern Germany.
From spin to anyon notation: The XXZ Heisenberg model as a $D_{3}$ (or $su(2)_{4}$) anyon chain
Creators: name: Finch, Peter E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a relationship between certain one-dimensional quantum spin chains and anyon chains. In particular we show how the XXZ Heisenberg chain is realised as a $D_{3}$ (alternately $su(2)_{4}$) anyon model. We find the difference between the models lie primarily in choice of boundary condition.
description: 13 pages
Chicoreus (Triplex) boucheti Houart 1983
Creators: name: Houart, Roland
name: Héros, Virginie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Neogastropoda
Muricidae
Chicoreus
Chicoreus boucheti

description: Chicoreus (Triplex) boucheti Houart, 1983 Chicoreus boucheti Houart, 1983: 27, text figs 3-4, pl. 1, figs 1-2. MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Fiji. SUVA 2: stn BS 10, 18°12’S, 178°30’E, 123 m, 1 dd juv (damaged). Tonga. BORDAU 2: stn DW 1567, 21°02’S, 175°19’W, 351-356 m, 1 dd juv (damaged). DISTRIBUTION. — New Caledonia, now Fiji and Tonga (new records), shells only in 123-351 m. REMARKS. — Chicoreus boucheti has a typical broad and large protoconch consisting of 1¼ to 1½ whorls, and long, open spines in the extension of P1, P3 and P5.
description: Published as part of Houart, Roland & Héros, Virginie, 2008, Muricidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Fiji and Tonga, pp. 437-480 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 443
description: {"references": ["HOUART R. 1983. - Three new tropical muricacean species (Gastropoda:"]}
Asta Nielsen
Creators: name: Allen, Julie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Frequently lauded as “die Duse des Kinos” [the Duse of the cinema], as Poul Elsner noted in Weltrundschau in 1911 (517), the Danish actress Asta Nielsen was the first major star of German silent film. She acted in more than seventy films, all but four of them made with German production companies, during the twenty-two years of her film career. The phenomenal success of her debut film, Afgrunden/The Abyss (1910) enabled her to become the first global film star under the new monopoly distribution system. From 1910 to 1914, she collaborated closely with director Urban Gad, who was also her first husband, under the auspices of Deutsche Bioscop and Projektions-AG “Union” (PAGU), and later established two film companies of her own. Although she struggled to come to terms with the director-centric turn of the film industry in Germany in the 1920s that restricted the artistic autonomy she had enjoyed in the 1910s, she made several of her most artistically impressive films, including several Weimar street films, during this period. In 1932, she acted in her only sound film, Unmögliche Liebe/Impossible Love, which was also her final film, aside from two documentaries about her made decades later.
Generating efficient milling tool paths according to a preferred feed direction field
Creators: name: Kumazawa, Guillermo Hiroki
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: A new method is presented to generate ball-end milling tool paths for the efficient three-axis machining of sculptured surfaces. The fundamental principle of the presented method is to generate the tool paths according to a preferred feed direction (PFD) field derived from the surface to be machined. In this work, the PFD at any point on the surface is the feed direction that maximizes the machining strip width. Theoretically, tool paths that always follow the direction of maximum machining strip width at each cutter contact point on the surface would maximize material removal, which leads to the shortest overall tool path length. Scallops are generated when a surface is machined using three-axis ball-end mills. There is no redundant machining if the scallop height is always maximized and the neighboring machining strips do not overlap. Unfortunately, these overlaps commonly exist for tool paths always following the preferred directions. Such redundant machining can be reduced via iso-scallop tool paths. Nonetheless, iso-scallop tool paths do not in general follow the preferred feed directions. To attain maximum machining efficiency via generating the shortest overall tool path length, the presented method analyzes the PFD field of the surface and segments the surface into distinct regions with similar PFD's by identifying the degenerate points and generating their separatrices. The tool paths of each region are generated by the iso-scallop method to mitigate redundant machining. Since a sequential approach is employed to generate the iso-scallop tool paths, an initial tool path is selected in such a way that the growing deviations of the subsequent tool paths from the PFD's are not significant. The proposed method has been validated with numerous case studies, showing that the generated tool paths have a shorter overall length compared with those generated by the existing methods.
Singlet-triplet excitations and high-field magnetization in CuTe2O5
Creators: name: Wang, Zhe
name: Schmidt, M.
name: Goncharov, Y.
name: Skourski, Y.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Berger, H.
name: von Nidda, H. -A. Krug
name: Loidl, A.
name: Deisenhofer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By measuring the THz electron spin resonance (ESR) transmission spectra and high-field magnetization on the spin-gapped system CuTe$_2$O$_5$, we identified the singlet-triplet excitations in the dimerized non-magnetic ground state. The determined spin-gap value of $hν_0=4.94$ meV at the $Γ$ point ($\mathbf{Q}\simeq\mathbf{0}$) is significantly smaller than the strongest antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the Cu ions predicted by theoretical investigations. We also observed the critical field $H_{c1}^{a^*}=37.6$ T for \textbf{H} $\bot$ \emph{bc}-plane and $H_{c1}^{bc}=40.6$ T for \textbf{H} $\|$ \emph{bc}-plane at the onset of non-zero magnetization, consistent with the gap value and corresponding anisotropic \emph{g}-factors determined previously. The observed singlet-triplet excitations in Faraday and Voigt configurations suggest a mixing of the singlet state with the $S_z=0$ triplet state and the $S_z=\pm 1$ triplet states, respectively, due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction with a DM vector perpendicular to the crystalline \emph{bc}-plane.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Thin static charged dust Majumdar-Papapetrou shells with high symmetry in D >= 4
Creators: name: Cermak, Martin
name: Zouhar, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematical study of static D >= 4 space-times of high symmetry with the matter source being a thin charged dust hypersurface shell. The shell manifold is assumed to have the following structure S_(beta) X R^(D-2-beta), beta (in the interval <0,...,D-2>) is dimension of a sphere S_(beta). In case of (beta) = 0, we assume that there are two parallel hyper-plane shells instead of only one. The space-time has Majumdar-Papapetrou form and it inherits the symmetries of the shell manifold - it is invariant under both rotations of the S_(beta) and translations along R^(D-2-beta). We find a general solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations with a given shell. Then, we examine some flat interior solutions with special attention paid to D = 4. A connection to D = 4 non-relativistic theory is pointed out. We also comment on a straightforward generalisation to the case of Kastor-Traschen space-time, i.e. adding a non-negative cosmological constant to the charged dust matter source.
description: Accepted in Int. J. Theor. Phys
Fernanda Nissen
Creators: name: Myrstad, Anne Marit
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: The socialist politician and theatre critic Fernanda Nissen was called on to serve as one of two film censors when the Norwegian Censorship Board was established in 1913. Nissen held this position until 1920, when she died on a trip to Germany that she undertook to see film and theatre. In her years as a film censor, she was an active participant in the public sphere. She represented the Labour party in the municipality of Oslo and fought for working-class welfare, while also continuing her work as a respected critic of theatre and literature for the socialist paper Social-Demokraten. Her reputation at the time of her appointment as a film censor may still have been coloured by the scandal she caused in the 1890s, when, as a mother of two small children, she asked for a divorce. Her husband at the time was the editor of the leading liberal paper Dagbladet. However, while fighting on the side of the striking match workers, the first strike among women workers in Norway, she had fallen in love with the socialist doctor Oscar Nissen, who later became editor of the main socialist newspaper, Social-Demokraten.
Mabel Normand
Creators: name: Joyce, Simon
name: Putzi, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Women in the motion picture industry
Motion pictures
Silent films

description: Mabel Normand starred in at least one hundred and sixty-seven film shorts and twenty-three full-length features, mainly for Mack Sennett’s Keystone Film Company, and was one of the earliest silent actors to function as her own director. She was also one of the first leading performers to appear on film without a previous background in the theatre (having begun her career in modeling), to be named in the title of her films (beginning with 1912’s Mabel’s Lovers), and to have her own studio (the ill-fated Mabel Normand Feature Film Company). That her contributions to early film history are not better known is attributable in part to her involvement in the Hollywood scandals of the 1920s, and in part to our reliance on the self-interested memoirs of her better-known colleagues (especially Sennett and Charlie Chaplin) following her death at age thirty-eight. It is hard to get an accurate picture from such questionable and contradictory recollections, or from interviews with Normand herself, filtered as they often were through a sophisticated publicity operation at Keystone. Film scholars who have worked with these same sources have often proved just as discrepant and unreliable, especially in their accounts of her directorial contributions.
A new low magnetic field magnetar: the 2011 outburst of Swift J1822.3-1606
Creators: name: Rea, N.
name: Israel, G. L.
name: Esposito, P.
name: Pons, J. A.
name: Camero-Arranz, A.
name: Mignani, R. P.
name: Turolla, R.
name: Zane, S.
name: Burgay, M.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Campana, S.
name: Enoto, T.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Gogus, E.
name: Gotz, D.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Mereghetti, S.
name: Oates, S. R.
name: Palmer, D. M.
name: Perna, R.
name: Stella, L.
name: Tiengo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the long term X-ray monitoring with Swift, RXTE, Suzaku, Chandra and XMM-Newton of the outburst of the newly discovered magnetar Swift J1822.3-1606 (SGR 1822-1606), from the first observations soon after the detection of the short X-ray bursts which led to its discovery, through the first stages of its outburst decay (covering the time-span from July 2011, until end of April 2012). We also report on archival ROSAT observations which witnessed the source during its likely quiescent state, and on upper limits on Swift J1822.3-1606's radio-pulsed and optical emission during outburst, with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), respectively. Our X-ray timing analysis finds the source rotating with a period of P=8.43772016(2) s and a period derivative \dot{P}=8.3(2)x10^{-14} s s^{-1} , which entails an inferred dipolar surface magnetic field of B~2.7x10^{13} G at the equator. This measurement makes Swift J1822.3-1606 the second lowest magnetic field magnetar (after SGR 0418+5729; Rea et al. 2010). Following the flux and spectral evolution from the beginning of the outburst, we find that the flux decreased by about an order of magnitude, with a subtle softening of the spectrum, both typical of the outburst decay of magnetars. By modeling the secular thermal evolution of Swift J1822.3-1606, we find that the observed timing properties of the source, as well as its quiescent X-ray luminosity, can be reproduced if it was born with a poloidal and crustal toroidal fields of B_{p}~1.5x10^{14} G and B_{tor}~7x10^{14} G, respectively, and if its current age is ~550 kyr.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures; new observations added; ApJ in press