Titanochrysa circumfusa Burmeister 1839, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Sosa, Francisco
name: Freitas, Sergio De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Neuroptera
Chrysopidae
Titanochrysa
Titanochrysa circumfusa

description: Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1839) comb. nov.
Synonymy
Chrysopa circumfusa Burmeister, 1939: 980.
Chrysopa burmeisteri Navas, 1929: 858. Banks 1944: 10. Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) circumfusa (Burmeister). Brooks & Barnard, 1990: 272, Figs. 331–332.
Diagnosis. Adults green with longitudinal, yellow stripe dorsally; antennae longer than forewings; base of T9+ect truncated; microtholi absent. Inner gradate veins in irregular series; outer gradates in regular series. Mandibles symmetrical.
Redescription. Head. Vertex yellow, smooth; occiput with dark red spots (Fig. 1 A); scape and pedicel yellowish green with reddish brown longitudinal stripe laterally, extending onto antennal base (Fig. 1 B); flagellum pale, longer than forewing; frons and mesal clypeus white; gena and lateral clypeus dark red; maxillary palpus black; labial palpus pale, with last segment black (Fig. 1 C); mandibles both with prominent basal tooth (Fig. 17 A).
Thorax. Yellowish green, with longitudinal yellow band; pronotum square-shaped, with narrow, diffused lateral red stripe (Figs. 1 A, 1C); meso- and metanota yellowish green, without marks. Pleura, sternal areas, legs pale green. Wings (Fig. 2): forewing with longitudinal veins green; crossveins green (except basal subcostal vein black), all except the costal crossveins with black markings on surrounding membrane. Inner gradates spaced irregularly, 2nd and 3rd sometimes aligned; outer gradates regularly spaced. First radial crossvein originating after origin of radial sector, meeting Psm after apex of intramedian cell; intramedian cell triangular. Hindwing with longitudinal veins, crossveins pale green, gradate series parallel, with lightly fumose borders in some exemplars.
FIGURE 2. Titanochrysa circumfusa (Burmeister, 1839) comb. nov. Wings. bsx = basal subcostal crossvein; c.a = costal area; cx = costal crossvein; ig = inner gradates; im = intramedian cell; og = outer gradates; r-m1 = first radial crossvein; Rs = radial sector.
Abdomen. Yellowish green, with longitudinal yellow band dorsally; pleura with dark red spots laterally; sternites without microtholi. Male terminalia (Fig. 3 A): T9+ect elongate, basally truncated, with scattered stalked setae anteriorly, densely setose posteriorly; dorsal apodeme simple, slightly curved, not reaching callus cerci; callus cerci round with 28–30 trichobothria; S8+9 fused, with truncate apex; S8 ca. two times longer than wide, with dorsal margin straight; ventral apodeme short, narrow, extending along dorsal margin of S8. Gonarcus broadly truncate, U-shaped (Fig. 3 B); lateral arms round, with anterior projection decurved ventrally, hook-like (Fig. 3 C–E); arcessus short, broad, with dorsal rods on median plate forming an X-shape, apex decurved, trifurcated with dorsal striations, inner area beneath arcessus with short setae in two lateral series (Fig. 3 B–E); gonosaccus long, with numerous gonosetae on papillae (Fig. 3 C, F). Gonapsis spoon-shaped basally, hooked apically (Fig. 3 G). Female terminalia (Fig. 4 A): S7 ca. three times longer than wide, tapering apically; T9+ect without cleft on posterior margin; callus cerci round, with ca. 26 trichobothria; subgenitale with anterior section prominent, widely lobate (Fig. 4 A–B); spermatheca pillbox-shaped, ventral impression deep; spermathecal duct elongate (Fig. 4 C–E).
Measurements. Male (n=2): Head: width 1.4–1.5 mm. Pronotum: length 0.9–1.0 mm, width 0.9–1.0 mm. Forewing: length 14.0– 14.7 mm, width 4.9–5.1 mm, length/width ratio = 2.9–2.9: 1. Six to seven inner, six to seven outer gradates. Hindwing: length 12.6–13.1mm, width 3.9–4.0 mm, length/width ratio = 3.2–3.3: 1. Five to seven inner, five to seven outer gradates. Female (n=1): Head: width 1.5 mm. Pronotum: length 1.0 mm, width 1.0 mm. Forewing: length 15.6 mm, width 5.5 mm, length/width ratio= 2.8: 1. Seven inner, seven outer gradates Hindwing: length 14.3 mm, width 4.3 mm, length/width ratio = 3.3: 1. Seven inner, seven outer gradates.
Material examined. VENEZUELA. Lara: Sanare [9º42’N / 69º36’W, 1753 m], 14.i.2008, F. Sosa & M. Roa Legs (UCOB); Same, 18.i.2009, 13, 1Ƥ, F. Sosa & F. Díaz Legs (UCOB); Same, 18.i.2009, 13, F. Sosa & F. Díaz Legs (MZUSP); Same, 14.i.2008, 2Ƥ, F. Sosa & M. Roa, (UCOB); Same, 16.ii.2008, 13, F. Sosa & F. Díaz Legs (UCOB), head macerated.
Species relationships. Titanochrysa circumfusa comb. nov. differs from other species of the genus by the absence of microtholi from S2–8. The forewing venation is fumose like that of Chrysopodes (Chrysopodes) breviata Adams & Penny, 1985, Chr. (Chr.) limbata (Navás, 1926), and Chr. (Chr.) nebulosa Adams & Penny, 1985. However the dark red, longitudinal, lateral line on the scape, dark genae, elongate S8+9, male genitalia with developed gonosaccus bearing elongated gonosetae on prominent papillae, and spoon-like gonapsis separate Titanochrysa circumfusa comb. nov. from those species.
Remarks. i) The lectotype of Chrysopa circumfusa is in the Museum für Naturkunde [Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, ZMBH]; sex unknown. Its labels read: [1] “S. João d. Rey, Sellow”; [2] “ circumfusa Burm. / Schneider.*”; [3] “338”; [4] “ Chrysopodes ”; [5] “ LECTOTYPE / Chrysopa circumfusa / Burmeister desig. / by P. A. Adams 1985 / det. C. A. Tauber 2011”. The type locality is probably São João del Rei in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Identification of the species and information on the Lectotype were provided by C. A. Tauber, Entomology, Cornell University.]; ii) The mandibles and galea of Chr. (Chr.) circumfusa illustrated by Brooks & Barnard (1990: Figs 331–332) differ from those of our specimens; it appears that their drawings were based on an erroneous identification of the lectotype (C. A. Tauber, personal communication); iii) Banks (1944) reported Chrysopa circumfusa from Paramaibo, Suriname and mentioned that Chrysopa burmeisteri Navás, 1929 is very similar or identical to Chrysopa circumfusa; his statement is taken as a synonymy (C. A. Tauber, personal communication). The type of Chrysopa burmeisteri was from Brazil (Espiritu Santo). Therefore, the species has been reported from Brazil and Suriname.
Geographical distribution. Brazil, Suriname and Venezuela (new record).
description: Published as part of Sosa, Francisco & Freitas, Sergio De, 2012, A new genus of Neotropical Chrysopini (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), pp. 1-14 in Zootaxa 3351 on pages 3-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.210667