cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Covariant derivatives for Ehresmann connections
Creators: name: Prince, G. E.
name: Saunders, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 53C05, 53B05 Secondary 34A26

description: We deal with the construction of covariant derivatives for some quite general Ehresmann connections on fibre bundles. We show how the introduction of a vertical endomorphism allows construction of covariant derivatives separately on both the vertical and horizontal distributions of the connection which can then be glued together on the total space. We give applications across an important class of tangent bundle cases, frame bundles and the Hopf bundle.
El proyecto de aula para desarrollar capacidades ciudadanas en la clase de filosofía
Creators: name: González Pineda, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Planificación educativa - Metodología
subject: Habilidades sociales - Educación
subject: Filosofía - Enseñanza
subject: Capacidades ciudadanas
subject: Comunidad de investigación
subject: Poder
subject: Relaciones de poder
subject: Proyecto de aula

description: El presente reporte de intervención es el resultado de un diagnóstico institucional y del área de ciencias sociales en la Institución Educativa Distrital (IED) María Mercedes Carranza, ubicada en la localidad de Ciudad Bolívar. Dicho estudio permitió identificar debilidades en la integración curricular promovida por el Proyecto Educativo Institucional (PEI) y su enfoque pedagógico constructivista, así como en el desarrollo de capacidades ciudadanas en las asignaturas del área. Se propuso entonces una metodología activa de proyecto de aula en torno al estudio de las relaciones de poder y que tuvo como referentes la Comunidad de investigación en la enseñanza de la filosofía (Lipman) y el enfoque de capacidades ciudadanas de Nussbaum. Los estudiantes desarrollaron habilidades de investigación y creación de piezas comunicativas, a la par que se transformaban las relaciones de poder en el aula, a través del trabajo en equipo y la problematización de prácticas y vivencias propias del hacerse ciudadano.
description: This intervention report is the result of an institutional diagnosis of the Social Sciences Department at the María Mercedes Carranza District Educational Institution (IED), located in the Ciudad Bolívar district. This study identified weaknesses in the curricular integration promoted by the Institutional Educational Project (PEI) and its constructivist pedagogical approach, as well as in the development of citizenship skills in the subjects within the area. Therefore, an active classroom project methodology was proposed, focusing on the study of power relations, inspired by the Community of Inquiry in the Teaching of Philosophy (Lipman) and Nussbaum's approach to civic capabilities. Students developed research skills and created communicative pieces while transforming power dynamics in the classroom through teamwork and problematising practices and experiences of citizenship.
Creación de contenido líquido y transmedia como estrategia didáctica para fortalecer habilidades en la solución de problemas con tecnología en el Grado 1001 del Colegio Luis Lopez de Mesa IED
Creators: name: Gonzalez Pinilla, Fabian Enrique
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Tecnología educativa - Metodología
subject: Pedagogía - Enseñanza
subject: Estudiantes - Aspectos sociales
subject: Estrategia didáctica
subject: Proyecto tecnológico
subject: Pensamiento de diseño
subject: Repentina
subject: Contenido liquido o transmedia

description: El desarrollo de esta intervención presenta al Proyecto tecnológico escolar “DISEÑO DE LAS ESTACIONES DE LA PRIMERA LINEA DEL METRO ELEVADO DE BOGOTA”, enfocado desde el pensamiento de diseño y la creación de contenido líquido y transmedia, como una estrategia didáctica para el fortalecimiento de la competencia de solución de problemas con tecnología, a través de la experiencia de 30 estudiantes del grado 1001 del colegio Luis López de Mesa IED. Se tuvieron en cuenta referentes teóricos como la solución de problemas y el pensamiento de diseño, así como de estrategias didácticas particulares al diseño como lo es la Repentina, en aras de identificar dificultades en las prácticas y en el proceso de enseñanza de la tecnología.
description: The development of this intervention presents the school technological project “DESIGN OF THE FIRST LINE STATIONS OF THE BOGOTA ELEVATED METRO”, focused on design thinking and the creation of liquid and transmedia content, as a didactic strategy for strengthening problem-solving competition with technology, through the experience of 30 students from grade 1001 at the Luis López de Mesa IED school. Theoretical references such as problem solving and design thinking were taken into account, as well as teaching strategies specific to design such as Sudden, in order to identify difficulties in practices and in the technology teaching process.
Superconductor-insulator transitions in three-dimensional indium-oxide at high pressures
Creators: name: Hen, Bar
name: Shelukhin, Victor
name: Greenberg, Eran
name: Rozenberg, Gregory Kh.
name: Kapitulnik, Aharon
name: Palevski, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments investigating magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition (HSIT) mostly focus on two-dimensional material systems where the transition and its proximate ground-state phases, often exhibit features that are seemingly at odds with the expected behavior. Here we present a complementary study of a three-dimensional pressure-packed amorphous indium-oxide (InOx) powder where granularity controls the HSIT. Above a low threshold pressure of ~0.2 GPa, vestiges of superconductivity are detected, although neither a true superconducting transition nor insulating behavior are observed. Instead, a saturation at very high resistivity at low pressure is followed by saturation at very low resistivity at higher pressure. We identify both as different manifestations of anomalous metallic phases dominated by superconducting fluctuations. By analogy with previous identification of the low resistance saturation as a "failed superconductor", our data suggests that the very high resistance saturation is a manifestation of a "failed insulator". Above a threshold pressure of ~6 GPa, the sample becomes fully packed, and superconductivity is robust, with TC tunable with pressure. A quantum critical point at PC~25 GPa marks the complete suppression of superconductivity. For a finite pressure below PC, a magnetic field is shown to induce a HSIT from a true zero-resistance superconducting state to a weakly insulating behavior. Determining the critical field, HC, we show that similar to the 2D behavior, the insulating-like state maintains a superconducting character, which is quenched at higher field, above which the magnetoresistance decreases to its fermionic normal state value.
The universality of islands outside the horizon
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Sun, Yuan
name: Zhao, Long
name: Zhang, Yu-Xuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically calculate the quantum extremal surface (QES) associated with Hawking radiation for general $D$-dimensional ($D\geq2$) asymptotically flat (or AdS) eternal black holes using the island formula. We collect the Hawking radiation particles by a non-gravitational bath and find that a QES exists in the near-horizon region outside the black hole when $c\cdot G_{(D)}$ is smaller enough where $c$ is the central charge of the conformal matter and $G_{(D)}$ the $D$-dimensional Newton constant. The locations of the QES in these backgrounds are obtained and the late-time radiation entropy saturates the two times of black hole entropy. Finally, we numerically check that the no island configuration exists once $c\cdot G_{(D)}$ exceeds a certain upper bound in two-dimensional generalized dilaton theories (GDT). When $c\cdot G_{(D)}$ is close to the upper bound, the backreaction of the matter field on the background can not be neglected. We also consider the conditions of existence of the island configuration with the backreaction and prove that the upper bound also exists for the Witten black hole and Weyl-related Witten black hole.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables v3: New section is added to discuss the backreaction effects of matter fields. Match the published version
Building FAIR image analysis pipelines for high-content-screening (HCS) data using Galaxy
Creators: name: Massei, Riccardo
name: Bernt, Matthias
name: Kostrykin, Leonid
name: Bumberger, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: FAIR
bioimaging
Galaxy

description: Imaging plays a crucial role across various scientific disciplines, particularly in life sciences. However, image data often proves complex, and the volume of images requiring analysis is steadily increasing, especially in high-content screening (HCS) experiments involving cell lines or other organisms. Specifically, analysis pipelines must align to the FAIR principles, ensuring they are reusable and interchangeable across different domains
title: Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program. Fish monitoring brief : American Samoa 2016.
title: Fish monitoring brief : American Samoa 2016.
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Publisher: name: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Reef fishes--Monitoring--American Samoa.

description: The purpose of this document is to outline the most recent survey efforts conducted by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) of the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center as part of the long-term monitoring program known as the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP). More detailed survey results will be available in a forthcoming status report
Bayesian optimization package: PHYSBO
Creators: name: Motoyama, Yuichi
name: Tamura, Ryo
name: Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi
name: Terayama, Kei
name: Ueno, Tsuyoshi
name: Tsuda, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PHYSBO (optimization tools for PHYSics based on Bayesian Optimization) is a Python library for fast and scalable Bayesian optimization. It has been developed mainly for application in the basic sciences such as physics and materials science. Bayesian optimization is used to select an appropriate input for experiments/simulations from candidate inputs listed in advance in order to obtain better output values with the help of machine learning prediction. PHYSBO can be used to find better solutions for both single and multi-objective optimization problems. At each cycle in the Bayesian optimization, a single proposal or multiple proposals can be obtained for the next experiments/simulations. These proposals can be obtained interactively for use in experiments. PHYSBO is available at https://github.com/issp-center-dev/PHYSBO.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Dynamical transition of hydromagnetic convection in a rotating fluid layer
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Fan, Yanlong
name: Han, Daozhi
name: Wang, Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we aim to study the stability and dynamic transition of an electrically conducting fluid in the presence of an external uniform horizontal magnetic field and rotation based on a Boussinesq approximation model. By analyzing the spectrum of the linear part of the model and verifying the validity of the principle of exchange of stability, we take a hybrid approach combining theoretical analysis with numerical computation to study the transition from a simple real eigenvalue, a pair of complex conjugate eigenvalues and a real eigenvalue of multiplicity two, respectively. The center manifold reduction theory is applied to reduce the infinite dimensional system to the corresponding finite dimensional one together with one or several non-dimensional transition numbers that determine the dynamic transition types. Careful numerical computations are performed to determine these transition numbers as well as related temporal and flow patterns etc. Our results indicate that both continuous and jump transitions can occur at certain parameter region.
Physics-guided Deep Markov Models for Learning Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Uncertainty
Creators: name: Liu, Wei
name: Lai, Zhilu
name: Bacsa, Kiran
name: Chatzi, Eleni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a probabilistic physics-guided framework, termed Physics-guided Deep Markov Model (PgDMM). The framework targets the inference of the characteristics and latent structure of nonlinear dynamical systems from measurement data, where exact inference of latent variables is typically intractable. A recently surfaced option pertains to leveraging variational inference to perform approximate inference. In such a scheme, transition and emission functions of the system are parameterized via feed-forward neural networks (deep generative models). However, due to the generalized and highly versatile formulation of neural network functions, the learned latent space often lacks physical interpretation and structured representation. To address this, we bridge physics-based state space models with Deep Markov Models, thus delivering a hybrid modeling framework for unsupervised learning and identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. The proposed framework takes advantage of the expressive power of deep learning, while retaining the driving physics of the dynamical system by imposing physics-driven restrictions on the side of the latent space. We demonstrate the benefits of such a fusion in terms of achieving improved performance on illustrative simulation examples and experimental case studies of nonlinear systems. Our results indicate that the physics-based models involved in the employed transition and emission functions essentially enforce a more structured and physically interpretable latent space, which is essential for enhancing and generalizing the predictive capabilities of deep learning-based models.
description: Accepted for publication in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Tropical Diagram for Linear-Nonlinear Boundary in Canonical Ensemble
Creators: name: Sugie, Subaru
name: Yuge, Koretaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For classical discrete systems under constant composition, we re-examine how linear-nonlinear boundary in canonical ensemble, connecting a set of potential energy surface and that of microscopic configuration in thermodynamic equilibrium, is characterized by underlying lattice, from tropical geometry. We here show that by applying suitable tropical limit and multiple coordinate transform to time evolution of discrete dynamical system, reflecting geometric aspect of the nonlinearity, we successfully construct tropical diagram caputuring the universal character of linear/nonlinear region on configuration space for f = 2 structural degree of freedoms (SDFs). The diagram indicates that the boundary near disordered state is mainly dominated by constraints to individual SDF, while quasi linear-nonlinear boundary apart from disordered state is dominated by local non-separability in SDFs.
description: 7pages, 2 figures
Core transport barriers induced by fast ions in global gyrokinetic GENE simulations
Creators: name: Di Siena, A.
name: Bilato, R.
name: Goerler, T.
name: Poli, E.
name: Navarro, A. Banon
name: Jarema, D.
name: Jenko, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel type of internal transport barrier (ITB) called F-ATB (fast ion-induced anomalous transport barrier) has been recently observed in state-of-the-art global gyrokinetic simulations on a properly optimized ASDEX Upgrade experiment [A. Di Siena et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 127} 025002 (2021)]. Unlike the transport barriers previously reported in literature, the trigger mechanism for the F-ATB is a basically electrostatic wave-particle resonant interaction between supra-thermal particles - generated via ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) - and ion scale plasma turbulence. This resonant effect strongly depends on the particular shape of the fast ion temperature and density profiles. Therefore, to further improve our theoretical understanding of this transport barrier, we present results exploring the parameter space and physical conditions for the F-ATB generation by performing a systematic study with global GENE simulations. Particular emphasis is given to the transport barrier width and its localization by scanning over different energetic particle temperature profiles. The latter are varied in amplitude, half-width, and radial localization of an ad-hoc Gaussian-like energetic particle logarithmic temperature gradient profile. For the reference parameters at hand, a threshold in the amplitude of the fast ion logarithmic temperature gradient is identified to trigger the transport barrier effectively.
Expansion history-dependent oscillations in the scalar-induced gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Witkowski, Lukas T.
name: Domènech, Guillem
name: Fumagalli, Jacopo
name: Renaux-Petel, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Oscillations in the frequency profile of the scalar-induced contribution to the stochastic gravitational wave background are a characteristic signal for small-scale features during inflation. We investigate how this oscillatory frequency profile is affected by the expansion history of the post-inflationary universe. Our results are applicable as long as the equation of state of the universe can be taken as constant during the period in which the gravitational waves are produced, and we compute the spectrum of gravitational waves induced by both sharp and resonant features, associated with oscillations in $k$ and $\log(k)$, respectively. For resonant features, the frequencies of the oscillatory contributions to the gravitational wave spectrum are unaffected by the equation of state, but not their relative amplitudes, allowing one to extract information about both inflationary physics and the post-inflationary expansion history from the oscillatory pattern. For sharp features we find that the gravitational wave spectrum only exhibits prominent modulations as long as the propagation speed of density fluctuations is $c_s<1$, with a frequency larger by a factor $c_s^{-1}$ than that of the scalar power spectrum. We find that the stiffer the equation of state, the larger the relative amplitude of the oscillations. In particular, a relative amplitude significantly higher than $20 \%$ is not achievable for the 'standard' case of radiation domination, and would be a smoking-gun signal of both nontrivial inflationary dynamics on small scales, and a post-inflationary universe not dominated by radiation.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures
Impact of lensing magnification on the analysis of galaxy clustering in redshift space
Creators: name: Breton, Michel-Andrès
name: de la Torre, Sylvain
name: Piat, Jade
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of lensing magnification on the observed three-dimensional galaxy clustering in redshift space. We used the RayGal suite of N-body simulations, from which we extracted samples of dark matter particles and haloes in the redshift regime of interest for future large redshift surveys. Several magnitude-limited samples were built that reproduce various levels of magnification bias ranging from s = 0 to s = 1.2, where s is the logarithmic slope of the cumulative magnitude number counts, in three redshift intervals within 1 < z < 1.95. We studied the two-point correlation function multipole moments in the different cases in the same way as would be applied to real data, and investigated how well the growth rate of structure parameter could be recovered. In the analysis, we used an hybrid model that combines non-linear redshift-space distortions and linear curved-sky lensing magnification. We find that the growth rate is underestimated when magnification bias is not accounted for in the modelling. This bias becomes non-negligible for z > 1.3 and can reach 10% at z = 1.8, depending on the properties of the target sample. In our data, adding the lensing linear correction allowed us to recover an unbiased estimate of the growth rate in most cases when the correction was small, even when the fiducial cosmology was different from that of the data. For larger corrections (high redshifts, low bias, and high s value), we find that the weak-lensing limit has to be treated with caution as it may no longer be a good approximation . Our results also show the importance of knowing s in advance instead of letting this parameter free with flat priors because in this case, the error bars increase significantly.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted in A&A
Hidden Conformal Symmetries from Killing Towers with an Application to Large-D/CFT
Creators: name: Keeler, Cynthia
name: Martin, Victoria
name: Priya, Alankrita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the notion of hidden conformal symmetry in Kerr/CFT to Kerr-(A)dS black holes in arbitrary dimensions. We build the SL(2, R) generators directly from the Killing tower, whose Killing tensors and Killing vectors enforce the separability of the equations of motion. Our construction amounts to an explicit relationship between hidden conformal symmetries and Killing tensors: we use the Killing tower to build a novel tensor equation connecting the SL(2,R) Casimir with the radial Klein-Gordon operator. For asymptotically flat black holes in four and five dimensions we recover previously known results that were obtained using the "near-region" limit and the monodromy method. We then perform a monodromy evaluation of the Klein-Gordon scalar wave equation for all Kerr-(A)dS black holes, finding explicit forms for the zero mode symmetry generators. We also extend this analysis to the large-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole as a step towards buliding a Large-D/CFT correspondence.
description: 39 pages; V2
Fate of entanglement between two Unruh-DeWitt detectors due to their motion and background temperature
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Pratyusha
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the fate of initial entanglement between two accelerated detectors with respect to an observer attached to one of the detectors. Both $(1+1)$ and $(1+3)$ spacetime dimensions are being considered here, with the detectors interacting with real massless scalar fields through monopole terms. The investigation is being performed for both non-thermal as well as thermal fields. In general, irrespective of the detectors moving in the same Rindler wedge or opposite wedges, increase of the field temperature reduces the initial entanglement. In all situations, degradation of entanglement is high for high acceleration $a_A$ of our observer. Interestingly, the degradation depends on the measure of initial entanglement. For $(1+1)$ dimensions, the degradation saturates for small values of $a_A$, whereas the same fluctuates in $(1+3)$ dimensions with the decrease of $a_A$. For motions in opposite Rindler wedges, a noticeable feature we observe in $(1+1)$ dimensions is that, depending on the strength of initial entanglement, there is a possibility of entanglement harvesting in the system for certain values of the observers' acceleration. However the same is absent in $(1+3)$ dimensions. The whole analysis is operationally different from earlier similar investigations. The thermal equilibrium is satisfied throughout the calculations here, by considering the Wightman functions with respect to the Rindler modes evaluated in the vacuum of Unruh modes, contrary to the use of Minkowski modes.
description: New comments added, to appear in JHEP
USO IRRACIONAL DOS MEDICAMENTOS ANTI-INFLAMATÓRIOS NÃO ESTERÓIDES
Creators: name: Carol Farias REZENDE
name: Fernanda Silva ALVES
name: Odeize Viana COSTA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uso irracional de Medicamentos
Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides
Automedicação
Cicloxigenases
Anti-inflamatórios e seus efeitos adversos

description: RESUMO

 

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINES) são amplamente utilizados como analgésicos para tratar dores agudas e crônicas, como aquelas associadas a processos inflamatórios, cirurgias, artrite reumatoide e osteoartrites. Embora sejam eficazes, o uso inadequado é comum, com a OMS alertando que mais de 50% dos medicamentos são prescritos ou vendidos de forma imprópria. Isso se deve, em parte, à falta de informação dos pacientes, que muitas vezes ignoram as orientações médicas sobre posologia e segurança, levando ao uso excessivo. Os AINES atuam inibindo as enzimas ciclooxigenases (COX-1 e COX-2), responsáveis pela produção de prostaglandinas, que estão envolvidas na dor e inflamação. A COX-1 tem funções protetoras no organismo, enquanto a COX-2 está relacionada a processos inflamatórios. O uso indiscriminado pode causar efeitos adversos, como dores e úlceras gastrointestinais, o que torna crucial a orientação médica adequada sobre o uso seguro desses medicamentos.
The JUNO experiment and its electronics readout system
Creators: name: Petitjean, Pierre-Alexandre
name: Clerbaux, Barbara
name: Molla, Marta Colomer
name: Yang, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main goal of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) under construction in China is to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to measure oscillation parameters to the sub-percent level. The detector consists of 20 ktons of liquid scintillator instrumented by 17612 20-inch photo-multiplier tubes, and 25600 3-inch small PMTs, with photo-cathode coverage of 77%. The electronics system is separated into two main parts. The front-end system, sitting under water, performs analog signal processing. The back-end electronics system, sitting outside water, consists of the DAQ and the trigger. The current production status of the experiment as well as the design of the electronics system will be reported in the presentation.
OmpK36-mediated carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Creators: name: Wong, Joshua Liang Chao
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) is a common nosocomial pathogen that is frequently responsible for pneumonia, urinary tract infections and bacteraemia in patients with long term health challenges. Such infections can progress to sepsis, often necessitating intensive care support. Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treatment, however, mounting resistance to a current last-line class, the carbapenems, threatens to render some infections untreatable. Robust carbapenem resistance is achieved by two divergent but synergistic mechanisms in high-risk, globally disseminated, resistant sequence types (ST), such as KP ST258. Firstly, plasmid-borne carbapenemase enzymes hydrolytically inactivate carbapenems in the bacterial periplasm. This is complemented by chromosomal mutations in two outer membrane (OM) porin genes, ompK35 and ompK36, that reduce drug diffusion into the periplasm. Whilst truncations in OmpK35 are well described widespread phenomena, loss of OmpK36 is rarely observed in clinical isolates. In this thesis I focus on identifying and characterising the precise molecular mechanisms by which mutations in the dominant KP porin, OmpK36, impair carbapenem diffusion. I start by focusing on OmpK36 pore-constriction and identify a di-amino acid Glycine-Aspartate insertion in the pore diameter-determining motif, loop 3. This structural modification reduces carbapenem diffusion and increases the minimum inhibitory concentration. When the fitness cost of OmpK36 pore-constriction is tested, in a novel murine ventilator-associated pneumonia model, I identify a fitness disadvantage only when tested in competition with wild-type strains. This contrasts with a recurrently emerging novel ompK36 mutation, a 25c>t, identified in a large KP ST258 genome collection. The 25c>t depletes OmpK36 from the OM by inducing an inhibitory mRNA secondary structure and leads to significant attenuation in vivo. Finally, bringing this together, when meropenem treatment is instituted in this translational model, both mutations are demonstrated to be advantageous to KP and result in treatment failure, whereas strains expressing wild-type OmpK36 are susceptible to therapy.
Der Konkubinatsbeitrag In Der Sozialhilfe: Eine Kritische Auseinandersetzung
Creators: name: Bollag, Dafna
name: Eberle, Angela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: gnd:4055676-1
subject: gnd:4055776-5
subject: gnd:4032143-5

description: Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist der Konkubinatsbeitrag in der Sozialhilfe. Diese Literaturarbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Fragen, wo das Konkubinat beziehungsweise der Konkubinatsbeitrag in der Sozialhilfe zu verorten ist, welche kritischen Aspekte sich in diesem Zusammenhang eröffnen und welche möglichen Anstösse für Leitlinien an Berufskolleginnen und Berufskollegen in der Sozialhilfe bei der Unterstützung von Konkubinaten weitergegeben werden können. Um die Verortung des Konkubinatsbeitrags innerhalb des Sozialhilfesystems zu ermöglichen, wird die Sozialhilfe von verschiedenen Seiten beleuchtet: An oberster Stelle steht die Soziale Arbeit mit ihrer Wertebasis. Verschiedene internationale Rechts- und Verfassungsgrundlagen bilden einen äusseren Rahmen für die Sozialhilfe. Dazu kommen weitere föderalistische Instanzen sowie die Rechtsprechung auf allen Staatsebenen. Die Richtlinien der Schweizerischen Konferenz für Sozialhilfe bilden trotz der kantonal unterschiedlich ausgestalteten Verbindlichkeit einen zentralen Eckpfeiler im Bereich der Sozialhilfe. Des Weiteren werden Grundprinzipien der Sozialhilfe vorgestellt, bevor näher auf den Konkubinatsbeitrag eingegangen wird. Anschliessend wird eine kritische Auseinandersetzung geführt, die der Praxis als Anregung dienen soll, dem Spannungsfeld im Kontext des Konkubinatsbeitrags mit einem differenzierten Blick zu begegnen. Die Zusammenführung der Erkenntnisse aus den verschiedenen Disziplinen und Blickwinkeln soll den Wissenshorizont im Bereich des Konkubinatsbeitrags erweitern sowie den berufsethischen Denkprozess anregen und einen Mosaikstein im Gefüge der Professionalisierungsbewegung der Sozialen Arbeit bilden.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa 2015 + Fussnote: Ausbildungsgang Sozialarbeit
All that glitters is gold: gold nanostars for enhanced fluroescence in the near infra-red window
Creators: name: Joyce, Caoimhe
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The second near infra-red (NIR-II) window holds great promise for enhanced resolution and imaging contrast in situ fluorescence imaging of biological tissue for preclinical and clinical applications. However, currently available NIR-II dyes display low quantum yields, thus limiting their biomedical applications. To address this issue, this thesis presents the design and synthesis of plasmonic nanomaterials, namely gold nanostars (AuNS) with a solid, polystyrene@gold and silica@gold core-shell composition, and investigates their fluorescence-enhancing capabilities in the NIR-II. Morphological and optical characterisation of the AuNS was done by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Selected area electron diffraction (SAED), Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared absorption spectroscopy (UV–Vis–NIR). Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) were performed to measure the fluorescence intensity and lifetime respectively and thus determine the extent of fluorescence enhancement achieved by the AuNS. Two commercially availiable dyes - IR-E1050 and ICG - as well as in-house synthesised silver sulfide quantum dots (QDs) were investigated as NIR-II dyes for fluroescence enhancement. It was found that tuning the AuNS to maximise the overlap between their plasmon resonances and the excitation and emission spectra of IR-E1050, ICG and the QDs resulted in far brighter fluorescent probes than that of free dye in solution. The biocompatibility of each AuNS-dye conjugate to two breast cancer cell lines - MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 - was then investigated using Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay work, and the cells were imaged using Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). In summary, this thesis developed super-bright fluorescent probes by conjugating AuNS to NIR-II fluorophores. This may lead to a paradigm shift in cancer diagnosis and surgical imaging, by employing a nanoscale engineered approach to enhance tumour detection sensitivity.
QTIA, a 2.5 or 10 Gbps 4-Channel Array Optical Receiver ASIC in a 65 nm CMOS Technology
Creators: name: Sun, H.
name: Huang, X.
name: Chao, C. -P.
name: Chen, S. -W.
name: Deng, B.
name: Gong, D.
name: Hou, S.
name: Huang, G.
name: Kulis, S.
name: Li, C. -Y.
name: Liu, C.
name: Liu, T.
name: Moreira, P.
name: Sun, Q.
name: Ye, J.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Zhang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Quad transimpedance and limiting amplifier (QTIA) is a 4-channel array optical receiver ASIC, developed using a 65 nm CMOS process. It is configurable between the bit rate of 2.56 Gbps and 10 Gbps per channel. QTIA offers careful matching to both GaAs and InGaAs photodiodes. At this R&D stage, each channel has a different biasing scheme to the photodiode for optimal coupling. A charge pump is implemented in one channel to provide a higher reverse bias voltage, which is especially important to mitigate radiation effects on the photodiodes. The circuit functions of QTIA successfully passed the lab tests with GaAs photodiodes.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in JINST (TWEPP2021)
Ultra-low jitter clock distribution for the trigger electronics of the New Small Wheel for the ATLAS experiment
Creators: name: Alexopoulos, T.
name: Geralis, T.
name: Gkountoumis, P.
name: Levinson, L.
name: Mesolongitis, I.
name: Zormpa, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN plans to have a series of upgrades to increase its instantaneous luminosity to 7.5 the nominal luminosity. The increased luminosity drastically impacts the ATLAS trigger and readout data rates. The inner-most station of the ATLAS muon spectrometer, the so-called Small Wheels is being replaced with a New Small Wheel (NSW) system, consisting of Micromegas and small-strip Thin Gap Chambers (sTGC) detectors. The on-detector radiation levels required radiation tolerant electronics. The lower radiation levels on the rim of the NSW allowed utilizing commercial electronic chips, such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), in the trigger chain of the sTGC detectors. Those FPGAs require an ultra-low jitter clock for the proper operation of their Gigabit transceivers (4.8 Gbps serial links). The initial design was based on a clock provided by a radiation tolerant ASIC designed at CERN, but due to its intrinsic jitter and consequent marginal error rate on the transmission lines, a different approach had to be chosen. An additional clock source based on commercial jitter cleaners, fan-out chips and optical transmitters driving dedicated fibers was built. The new scheme provides 64 low-jitter clocks (32 main and redundant) from the radiation-protected area (USA15) to the trigger electronics over 60 m of OM3 fiber.
Prototype Design of a Timing and Fast Control system in the CBM Experiment
Creators: name: Sidorenko, V.
name: Fröhlich, I.
name: Müller, W. F. J.
name: Emschermann, D.
name: Bähr, S.
name: Sturm, C.
name: Becker, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment is designed to handle interaction rates of up to 10 MHz and up to 1 TB/s of raw data generated. With triggerless streaming data acquisition in the experiment and beam intensity fluctuations, it is expected that occasional data bursts will surpass bandwidth capabilities of the Data Acquisition System (DAQ) system. In order to preserve integrity of event data, the bandwidth of DAQ must be throttled in an organised way with minimum information loss. The Timing and Fast Control (TFC) system provides a latency-optimised datapath for throttling commands and distributes a system clock together with a global timestamp. This paper describes a prototype design of the system with focus on synchronisation and its evaluation.
Using host “omic” datasets to better understand and diagnose paediatric infectious and inflammatory diseases
Creators: name: Jackson, Heather
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The presence of an infectious or inflammatory disease leads to changes in gene expression and protein abundance which are detectable in the host’s blood. Through studying the host omic profiles of individuals with infectious and inflammatory diseases, we can identify molecular changes that occur due to disease. Sparse combinations of genes or proteins that distinguish between disease groups of interest can be determined using feature selection. These sparse combinations, which are known as host diagnostic signatures, can be developed into point-of-care tests for rapid and accurate disease diagnosis. Host omic profiles can also be used to uncover important genes, proteins, and biological pathways implicated in disease progression and manifestation. In this thesis, I have used host transcriptomic and proteomic profiles to address three major challenges in paediatric infectious and inflammatory disease. I have firstly described a 6-protein host diagnostic signature that can accurately differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in febrile children, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) between 89.4%-93.6% in an independent validation set. Secondly, Kawasaki disease (KD) is a paediatric inflammatory syndrome without a known cause. I have used host transcriptomic and proteomic profiles to determine whether the host response to KD detectable on the molecular level has more in common with the host response to bacterial or viral infections, or indeed neither. These analyses have revealed considerable heterogeneity in the host response to KD. Finally, I have discovered a 5-gene host diagnostic signature that accurately distinguished multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children from KD, bacterial infections, and viral infections with AUCs between 91.7%-93.2% in an independent validation set. In summary, this thesis has demonstrated that the combination of high-dimensional omic datasets and statistical and machine learning tools provides invaluable insights into the biology of paediatric infectious and inflammatory diseases and offers alternative diagnostic approaches.
Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the Kitaev model on the Bethe lattice via coupled Heisenberg equations
Creators: name: Gamayun, Oleksandr
name: Lychkovskiy, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice, while being integrable via the spin-fermion mapping, has generally resisted an analytical treatment of the far-from-equilibrium dynamics due to the extensive number of relevant configurations of conserved charges. Here we study a close proxy of this model, the isotropic Kitaev spin-$1/2$ model on the Bethe lattice. Instead of relying on the spin-fermion mapping, we take a straightforward approach of solving Heisenberg equations for a tailored subset of spin operators. The simplest operator in this subset corresponds to the energy contribution of a single bond direction. As an example, we calculate the time-dependent expectation value of this observable for a factorized translation-invariant (or staggered-translation-invariant) initial state with arbitrary initial (staggered) polarization.
description: Submission to SciPost
Fingerprints of hot-phonon physics in time-resolved correlated quantum lattice dynamics
Creators: name: Cappelluti, E.
name: Novko, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time dynamics of the energy flow from electronic to lattice degrees of freedom in pump-probe setups could be strongly affected by the presence of a hot-phonon bottleneck, which can sustain longer coherence of the optically excited electronic states. Recently, hot-phonon physics has been experimentally observed and theoretically described in MgB$_2$, the electron-phonon based superconductor with $T_{\rm c}\approx 39$ K. By employing a combined ab-initio and quantum-field-theory approach and by taking MgB$_2$ as an example, here we propose a novel path for revealing the presence and characterizing the properties of hot phonons through a direct analysis of the information encoded in the lattice inter-atomic correlations. Such method exploits the underlying symmetry of the $E_{2g}$ hot modes characterized by a out-of-phase in-plane motion of the two boron atoms. Since hot phonons occur typically at high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone, with specific symmetries of the lattice displacements, the present analysis is quite general and it could aid in revealing the hot-phonon physics in other promising materials, such as graphene, boron nitride, or black phosphorus.
description: 5 pdf figures included
Population balance modelling of nanoparticle formation in laminar and turbulent flows
Creators: name: Tsagkaridis, Malamas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Nanoparticle formation in reacting flows involves many complex phenomena such as turbulence, chemical kinetics, aerosol processes, particle size distribution (PSD) evolution, etc. Simulations of such processes should incorporate several models and solution methods. The main objective of the present work is to develop and employ accurate and comprehensive methodologies for simulating particle formation and flame synthesis in laminar and turbulent flows. In the first part of the present thesis, we propose a novel extended population balance equation (PBE) model for aggregation and sintering and couple it with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate synthesis of silica nanoparticles in a laminar diffusion flame. The model is validated with the detailed experimental in-situ SAXS data of Camenzind et al. (2008) for the S-2 flame and is also compared with a monodisperse and a two-PBE approach. In the second part, the extended one-PBE model is incorporated into the Large-Eddy Simulation - Probability Density Function (LES-PDF) modelling framework to investigate synthesis of silica nanoparticles in a turbulent diffusion flame. The models for gas-phase chemistry and aerosol dynamics were the same as those used in the laminar-flame simulation. Thus, by maintaining the same kinetics without any adjustments, we focus on the modelling issues arising in silica synthesis in turbulent flames. Numerical predictions are compared with the detailed experimental in-situ SAXS data of Camenzind et al. (2008) for the S-10 flame. Finally, an investigation of turbulence-coagulation interaction via DNS coupled with PBE is presented in the third part of the thesis. Coagulation is an important process in several environmental and engineering applications involving turbulent flow, including soot formation and flame synthesis of nanoparticles, but its interaction with turbulence is not yet fully understood. In this work, we employ a discretisation (sectional) method for the solution of the PBE, which is free of a priori assumptions regarding the PSD, and couple it with a DNS for the flow field in order to study the behaviour and significance of correlations of turbulent number-density fluctuations.
Optimal cooling of an internally heated disc
Creators: name: Tobasco, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the search for sharp bounds on turbulent heat transfer as well as the design of optimal heat exchangers, we consider incompressible flows that most efficiently cool an internally heated disc. Heat enters via a distributed source, is passively advected and diffused, and exits through the boundary at a fixed temperature. We seek an advecting flow to optimize this exchange. Previous work on energy-constrained cooling with a constant source has conjectured that global optimizers should resemble convection rolls; we prove one-sided bounds on energy-constrained cooling corresponding to, but not resolving, this conjecture. In the case of an enstrophy constraint, our results are more complete: we construct a family of self-similar, tree-like ``branching flows'' whose cooling we prove is within a logarithm of globally optimal. These results hold for general space- and time-dependent source-sink distributions that add more heat than they remove. Our main technical tool is a non-local Dirichlet-like variational principle for bounding solutions of the inhomogeneous advection-diffusion equation with a divergence-free velocity.
description: Minor revisions from review, figure added. To appear in Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A