cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fluoride in birch leaves, ground vegetation, litter and humus in the surroundings of a fertilizer plant and apatite mine in Siilinjärvi, eastern Finland
Creators: name: Kinnunen, H.
name: Holopainen, T.
name: Räisänen, M. L.
name: Kärenlampi, L.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: Fluoride is one of the main emission components of the fertilizer plant and strip mine located at Siilinjärvi, in eastern Finland. The fluoride concentration of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) leaves, ground vegetation, litter layer and humus layer were determined in the surroundings of the plant and the mine to evaluate their validity as bioindicators of fluoride pollution. The highest fluoride concentrations were observed near the fertilizer plant, the strip mine or tailings impoundments in all studied materials. Highest total fluoride concentration was observed in the litter and humus layers where the fluoride has been accumulating over three decades. The fluoride concentration of both vegetation (birch leaves and ground vegetation) and soil organic horizon (litter and humus layers) can be regarded as good indicators of fluoride load but their role is quite different. Especially birch leaves, but also ground vegetation, can be used as indicators of annual or short time fluoride load and are available in repeated monitoring, whereas litter or humus layer reveal the long time accumulation of fluoride-containing fallout.
Monitoring of priority hazardous substances in Estonian water bodies and in the coastal Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Roose, A.
name: Roots, O.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2005

description: The water sub-programme of the Estonian National Environmental Monitoring Programme aims to monitor and to develop an information support system for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters and groundwater. Focusing on problem areas and reflecting intensive human impact, monitoring of hazardous substances is targeted at populated industrial metropolitan areas in Tallinn and in the oil-shale region of north-eastern Estonia. During the last decade the state of the environment regarding priority hazardous substances has continuously improved. According to monitoring results, the concentration of hazardous substances in sediments and in surface water remains low in the majority of Estonian rivers, and their quality by European standards is classified as good. Concentrations of hazardous substances found in Baltic fish in the Estonian coastal sea remain below standards established by the FAO/WHO for food. The key to the improvement of monitoring is the integration of source-oriented and load-oriented approaches, since both are lacking full-scale consistent data coverage.
Marine boundary-layer height estimated from the HIRLAM model
Creators: name: Gryning, S.-E.
name: Batchvarova, E.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: Two-weeks of measurements of the boundary-layer height over a small island (Christiansø) in the Baltic Sea is discussed. The meteorological conditions were characterised by positive heat flux over the sea. The boundary-layer heights derived from radiosonde measurements were compared to Richardson-number estimates based on output from the operational numerical weather prediction model HIRLAM (a version of SMHI with a grid resolution of 22.5 km x 22.5 km). For southwesterly winds it was found that a relatively large island (Bornholm) lying 20 km upwind of the measuring site influences the boundary-layer height. In this situation Richardson-number based methods with the HIRLAM data fail most likely because the island of Bornholm and the water fetch to the measuring site are about the size of the grid resolution of the HIRLAM model and therefore poorly resolved. For northerly winds the water fetch to the measuring site is about 100 km and the Richardson methods reproduce the height of the marine boundary layer. This suggests that the HIRLAM model adequately resolves a water fetch of 100 km with respect to predictions of the height of the marine boundary layer.
Megachile atramentata Cockerell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile atramentata

description: atramentata Cockerell, new comb.
Megachile atramentata Cockerell 1917: 238. Female. Type locality: Baia Blanca, Argentina. Type repository: USNM 22905. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Fixed Node Determination and Analysis in Directed Acyclic Graphs of Structured Networks
Creators: name: Park, Nam-jin
name: Kim, Yeong-Ung
name: Ahn, Hyo-Sung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper explores the conditions for determining fixed nodes in structured networks, specifically focusing on directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We introduce several necessary and sufficient conditions for determining fixed nodes in $p$-layered DAGs. This is accomplished by defining the problem of maximum disjoint stems, based on the observation that all DAGs can be represented as hierarchical structures with a unique label for each layer. For structured networks, we discuss the importance of fixed nodes by considering their controllability against the variations of network parameters. Moreover, we present an efficient algorithm that simultaneously performs labeling and fixed node search for $p$-layered DAGs with an analysis of its time complexity. The results presented in this paper have implications for the analysis of controllability at the individual node level in structured networks.
Evapotranspiration 1961–1990 in Finland as function of meteorological and land-type factors
Creators: name: Solantie, R.K.
name: Joukola, M.P.J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: Basin-wise values of mean annual total evapotranspiration for the period 1961–1990 were obtained from the water balance equation and examined using following factors: the sum of effective temperature (over the land area), the relative area of open peatlands, the amount of growing forest stock (m3 ha–1), the proportion of dense stands (i.e. the reduction in forests where evapotranspiration increases with the volume of growing stock less than usual, due to the lack of water, reduced vitality of trees and reduced evapotranspiration from the forest-floor vegetation), and lake evaporation, taken from preliminary work. The values of the variables were first obtained in 10 km x 10 km grid-squares, and then averaged over the basin areas. 96% of the total variance of the water balance evapotranspiration was explained. The mean standard error is 14.6 mm, and the maximum 30.7 mm. Evapotranspiration was determined separately for fields, open peatlands, lakes and forests. As compared with that of fields, evapotranspiration from open peatlands was 305 mm higher, and from lakes 170–300 mm higher, with an inreasing difference southwards. In Lapland evapotranspiration from forests was 35 mm higher than over fields, and in other regions 50 mm higher. The change in evapotranspiration from 1961–1975 to 1976–1990 was also studied.
Relative abundance, diet and growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) at Tvärminne, northern Baltic Sea, in 1975 and 1997: responses to eutrophication?
Creators: name: Lappalainen, A.
name: Rask, M.
name: Koponen, H.
name: Vesala, S.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: The coastal waters of the northern Baltic Sea have been undergoing a progressive process of eutrophication in recent decades. Gill net samples were taken in the Tvärminne area (SW Finland) to assess the effects of coastal eutrophication on the stocks of two common species, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus). The relative abundance, diet and growth of perch were rather similar in 1975 and in 1997. However, the higher abundance of roach catches in the outer archipelago and their slower growth rate indicate that roach stocks have increased during the last 20 years. Perch feed mainly on macro-crustaceans and fish, whereas roach feed mainly on molluscs. In 1997, Saduria entomon was absent from the diet of perch, and the contribution of Mytilus edulis and Cerastoderma glaucum, two important components in the diet of roach, had decreased, possibly reflecting changes in local benthic communities. The most pronounced change, however, was the increase in local roach stocks, which was attributed to coastal eutrophication.
Megachile bidens Friese, new combination
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile bidens

description: bidens Friese, new combination by association.
Megachile bidens Friese 1911: 256 [new name].
Megachile bidentata Smith 1853: 190. Male. Type locality: Mexico. Type repository: BNHM 17a2416. Examined. (Not M. (Pseudocentron) bidentata Fabricius 1775 [North or Central America].) Dalla Torre (1896: 422) listed the species of both Fabricius and Smith but gave no new name.
Megachile (Cressoniella) bidentata Smith (in Ayala et al 1997: 455).
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile bisinua Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile bisinua

description: bisinua Vachal, new comb.
Megachile bisinua Vachal 1908: 233 ­234. Female. Type locality: Balzapampa, Ecuador. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Type missing flagellum of right antenna, left antenna glued to label, right mandible glued to specimen.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Dynamics of P, Fe and Mn along a depth gradient in the SW Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Laima, M.J.C.
name: Matthiesen, H.
name: Christiansen, C.
name: Lund-Hansen, L.C.
name: Emeis, K.-C.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: Diffusive, advective and resuspension fluxes of both dissolved and suspended P, Fe and Mn were measured along a depth transect (16 to 47 m) in the SW Baltic Sea. Sediments were covered by a thin fluff layer, which was functioning as a source of nutrients to the water column. As compared with the diffusive transport, pore water advection can release as much phosphate and redox sensitive elements to the overlying water as 10–1000 days of diffusive flux at undisturbed conditions. Linear correlations between suspended P and Fe suggest that phosphate binding Fe-oxides are the source for suspended P and Fe. There was no P accumulation in shallow water. In the Arkona basin (47 m), gross sedimentation rates of P were 55 P mmol m–2 y–1 and the DRP diffusion rate back to the water column was 10 P mmol m–2 y–1 indicating that Arkona sediments are accumulating P. However, episodic resuspension may strongly enrich the water column in this nutrient. The potential resuspension of P varied with the season and a maximum rate of 8 mmol P m–2 was registered in June.
A functional characterization of isometries between non-reversible Finsler manifolds
Creators: name: M, Francisco Venegas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54E40, 54C65

description: We provide a functional characterization of isometries between non-reversible Finsler manifolds, in the form of a generalization of the Myers-Nakai Theorem for Riemannian manifolds. We show that, since non-reversible Finsler manifolds are a fundamentally asymmetric object, such a result can not be obtained by means of a symmetric function space, and we define the appropriate asymmetric structure needed to describe all possible isometries between this class of manifolds. The result is based on the ideas used in a previous generalization for reversible Finsler manifolds proved in \cite{GJR-13}, in which the normed algebra of $C^1$-smooth Lipschitz functions is used. To reflect the quasi-metric structure of non-reversible Finsler manifolds, this normed algebra had to be modified to include the cone of smooth semi-Lipschitz functions, resulting in a partial loss of the normed space and algebra structures. In order to achieve the desired result, we define new algebraic/quasi-metric structures to model the behavior of the aforementioned function space.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.02647 by other authors
Megachile compta Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile compta

description: compta Vachal, new comb.
Megachile compta Vachal 1908: 233. Female. Type locality: Buenos Aires, Argentina. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Towards Metric DBSCAN: Exact, Approximate, and Streaming Algorithms
Creators: name: Mo, Guanlin
name: Song, Shihong
name: Ding, Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: DBSCAN is a popular density-based clustering algorithm that has many different applications in practice. However, the running time of DBSCAN in high-dimensional space or general metric space ({\em e.g.,} clustering a set of texts by using edit distance) can be as large as quadratic in the input size. Moreover, most of existing accelerating techniques for DBSCAN are only available for low-dimensional Euclidean space. In this paper, we study the DBSCAN problem under the assumption that the inliers (the core points and border points) have a low intrinsic dimension (which is a realistic assumption for many high-dimensional applications), where the outliers can locate anywhere in the space without any assumption. First, we propose a $k$-center clustering based algorithm that can reduce the time-consuming labeling and merging tasks of DBSCAN to be linear. Further, we propose a linear time approximate DBSCAN algorithm, where the key idea is building a novel small-size summary for the core points. Also, our algorithm can be efficiently implemented for streaming data and the required memory is independent of the input size. Finally, we conduct our experiments and compare our algorithms with several popular DBSCAN algorithms. The experimental results suggest that our proposed approach can significantly reduce the computational complexity in practice.
Megachile ecuadoria Friese, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile ecuadoria

description: ecuadoria Friese, new comb.
Megachile ecuadoria Friese 1904: 187. Male and female. Type locality: Ona (2000 m), Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia; Arica, northern Chile (females)/ Arica, northern Chile (male). Specimens at BBSL determined by T.B. Mitchell are members of this subgenus.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Recruitment failure and decreasing catches of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and pike (Esox lucius L.) in the coastal waters of southeast Sweden
Creators: name: Nilsson, J.
name: Andersson, J.
name: Karås, P.
name: Sandström, O.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: In the early 1990s, commercial and recreational fishermen in the Kalmar Sound of the Baltic Sea reported decreasing stocks of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Test fishing surveys confirmed regionally declining abundances of both species. Both pike and perch spawning were observed annually, but virtually no young-of-the-year were captured in surveys from 1997–1999. The rapid decrease of the stocks was probably a result of the widespread recruitment failure. Studies of potential causes of the recruitment failure were conducted in 1998–2000. Field experiments excluded suboptimal water quality in brackish water recruitment areas as regulatory factor. Laboratory tests did not indicate reproductive disturbances in parental fish that could be related to chronic toxicity or endocrine disruptions, as hatching success and yolk-sac larvae survival were not negatively affected. Exposure to filamentous algae (Pilayella sp.) and diatoms, common in the spawning areas, had only a slight negative effect on pike egg hatchability. Two hypotheses that could not be rejected are food deficiency during the post hatching period and egg predation.
Megachile flammiventris Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile flammiventris

description: flammiventris Vachal, new comb.
Megachile flammiventris Vachal 1908: 225. Female. Type locality: Arica, Chile. Specimens at BBSL determined by Moldenke are members of this subgenus.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Hypselostoma benetuitum Vermeulen, Luu, Theary & Anker 2019
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma benetuitum

description: Hypselostoma benetuitum Vermeulen, Luu, Theary & Anker, 2019
Figs 111 F, 120, 182
Hypselostoma benetuitum Vermeulen et al., 2019: 38–39, figs 64–68.
Hypselostoma benetuitum — Sutcharit et al. 2020: 18, fig. 7 E, F; Sutcharit et al. 2023: 1290.
Type material examined.
Cambodia • holotype; J. Vermeulen leg.; NHMUK 20180575.
Type locality.
“ Phnom Kampong Trach ”, Cambodia.
Differential diagnosis.
This species is similar in shell shape to other Cambodian representatives (H. discobasis, H. sorormajor sp. nov., H. sororminor sp. nov., H. aquila sp. nov.) but differs from all of them by the presence of a keel with a concave surface below it but flat above it (vice versa in other species). Furthermore, this species has hooked apertural barriers in contrast to H. discobasis and H. sororminor sp. nov. See also under H. cambodjense.
Distribution.
This species is known from Kampot province, Cambodia.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Primary particulate matter emissions and the Finnish climate strategy
Creators: name: Karvosenoja, N.
name: Johansson, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2003

description: There is an increasing need for the assessment of particulate matter (PM) emissions of different particle sizes because of the adverse health effects of the fine size fractions. Combustion of fuels is an important source of fine primary particles and an important factor in strategies to combat climate change. In this study, a calculation system was developed for primary PM emissions from stationary combustion and their control. It was used to calculate present (1990 and 1995) and future (2010) primary PM emissions for three energy scenarios. Large energy production units already utilize very efficient particle removal equipment. Less extensive use of solid fossil fuels in studied low-CO2 scenarios does not substantially reduce primary PM emissions. Domestic wood combustion, where no control technologies are in use, constitutes the major part of combustion-based primary PM emissions both at present and in the future, especially for the fine particle fractions. The results for 1995 were considerably higher than earlier international estimates.
Megachile fortuita Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile fortuita

description: fortuita Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile fortuita Mitchell 1930: 287. Female. Type locality: Peru. Type repository: MCZ 16206. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Effects of forest fertilization on phytoplankton in a boreal brown-water lake
Creators: name: Lepistö, L.
name: Saura, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 1998

description: The quantity and composition of phytoplankton in a brown-water lake was studied from 1988 to 1994 after forest fertilization in its catchment area. The following spring after fertilization, phosphorus concentrations were high (in average 18 ug l–1), and an evident vernal maximum of phytoplankton (chrysophytes and diatoms) was observed, but no further signs of trophicity changes could be observed. The extra nutrients must have been quickly utilized by bacteria or transported out of the lake through the out-flowing brook during the spring high-flow. Mixotrophic algae, like e.g. Cryptomonas spp. and Gonyostomum semen, were the ones to mostly benefit from the increased amounts of organic compounds and nutrient concentrations. The typical brown-water lake phytoplankton composition, in general did not change during the study period.
Lead emissions from lost fishing sinkers
Creators: name: Jacks, G.
name: Byström, M.
name: Johansson, L.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: Lead sinkers used in salmon fishing in river mouth areas are lost in amounts of up to 200 tonnes year–1 in Sweden. An experimental field investigation has shown that the dissolution rate is about 20 mg cm–2 yr–1. No secondary corrosion coating has been observed except when the sinkers were fully or partially buried in fine sediments. The loss is larger in fast running waters, but there is no obvious relation between the loss and the water quality within the range present in the field sites. Approximately 1% of the deposited lead is dissolved yearly, provided it is not buried. An alternative to lead sinkers could be concrete sinkers with magnetite as a filler.
Megachile fruticosa Mitchell, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile fruticosa

description: fruticosa Mitchell, new comb.
Megachile fruticosa Mitchell 1930: 290. Female. Type locality: Colombia. Type repository: USNM 43093. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Hydraulic geometry of cohesive lowland rivers
Creators: name: Helmiö, T.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2004

description: Natural recovery may be extremely slow in cohesive, low-energy, lowland rivers. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the hydraulic properties of the channel is essential when designing restoration or environmental flood management measures. The aim of this study was to increase understanding on the channel size and geometry of cohesive rivers and channels. At-a-site hydraulic geometry of 34 cohesive river and channel reaches in Finland were determined from the field measurements and compared to those determined elsewhere. The computed values of the exponents of the hydraulic geometry were within the range of those presented in the literature and similar between natural and man-made channels. The results indicated that longitudinal channel variation had significant resistance effects during low water.
Holography of Higher Codimension Submanifolds: Riemannian and Conformal
Creators: name: Blitz, Samuel
name: Šilhan, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C18, 53A55, 53C21, 58J32

description: We provide a natural generalization to submanifolds of the holographic method used to extract higher-order local invariants of both Riemannian and conformal embeddings, some of which depend on a choice of parallelization of the normal bundle. Qualitatively new behavior is observed in the higher-codimension case, giving rise to new invariants that obstruct the order-by-order construction of unit defining maps. In the conformal setting, a novel invariant (that vanishes in codimension 1) is realized as the leading transverse-order term appearing in a holographically-constructed Willmore invariant. Using these same tools, we also investigate the formal solutions to extension problems off of an embedded submanifold.
Analysing the applicability of the heat balance method for estimating sap flow in boreal forest conditions
Creators: name: Perämäki, M.
name: Vesala, T.
name: Nikinmaa, E.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: A simple quasistationary dynamic model was constructed to analyse the performance of the stem heat balance method for estimating sap flow in tree stems. Model predictions were compared with field measurements of sap flow in a 35-year-old dominant Scots pine tree and in a smaller understorey mountain ash. The sap flow was measured with the Dynamax Flow32&tm; Stem-Flow Gauge system. Results indicate that the heat balance method underestimates the sap flow in steady-state conditions, especially with stems of larger diameters. The reason for the underestimate of the flow in the case of bigger stems is the inaccurate estimation of sap temperature increase DT when measured on the surface of the stem. Additionally, the difference between air and sap temperatures, which is typical of boreal conditions in the early summer mornings, may cause substantial peaks in the sap flow estimates. Increasing the power input will decrease the latter problem but this may result in problems with overheating of the stem.
Megachile guachalensis Cameron, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile guachalensis

description: guachalensis Cameron, new comb.
Megachile guachalensis Cameron 1903: 233. Female. Type locality: Hacienda Guachala (9217 ft) [Ecuador]. Type repository: BNHM 17a2455. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Monitoring of black carbon and size-segregated particle number concentrations at 9-m and 65-m distances from a major road in Helsinki
Creators: name: Pakkanen, T. A.
name: Mäkelä, T.
name: Hillamo, R. E.
name: Virtanen, A.
name: Rönkkö, T.
name: Keskinen, J.
name: Pirjola, L.
name: Parviainen, H.
name: Hussein, T.
name: Hämeri, K.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2006

description: In February and August 2003, black carbon (BC) and size-segregated particle number concentrations were monitored simultaneously at 9-m and 65-m distances from a major road in Helsinki, Finland, using aethalometers and electrical low-pressure impactors, respectively. During weekdays in winter, the average total particle number concentrations in the diameter range 0.007–1 ?m increased during morning rush hours from the nighttime values of 17000 and 12000 cm–3 to 190000 and 130000 cm–3 at the 9-m and 65-m stations, respectively. The corresponding BC concentrations increased from 730 and 430 ng m–3 to 2800 and 1550 ng m–3. Compared with those in winter, the average rush-hour particle number concentrations were much lower in summer, the likely reason being enhanced nucleation in cold winter conditions. BC concentrations were slightly higher during summer than during winter. Number size distributions measured at the 9-m and 65-m distances and at a background site had similar modal characteristics with the highest peak occurring below 0.03 ?m. Despite the different wind conditions in winter and summer, concentrations of total particle number and BC decreased similarly between the 9-m and 65-m stations, the likely principal mechanism being mixing with background air. The strong diurnal variation in concentrations during the weekdays, together with the large concentration difference between the 9-m and 65-m distances, suggests that local traffic was the main source of the measured pollutants, especially during rush hours at the 9-m site. In winter, the decrease in the particle number concentrations from the 9-m site to the 65-m site was most pronounced for the smallest exhaust particles. During an episodic pollution event in winter there were indications of condensational growth of 0.007–0.03 ?m particles, which increased the number concentration of 0.03–0.06 ?m particles at the 65-m site.
Megachile latula Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile latula

description: latula Vachal, new comb.
Megachile latula Vachal 1908: 224. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Non-Hermitian Topology in Hermitian Topological Matter
Creators: name: Hamanaka, Shu
name: Yoshida, Tsuneya
name: Kawabata, Kohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermiticity gives rise to distinctive topological phenomena absent in Hermitian systems. However, connection between such intrinsic non-Hermitian topology and Hermitian topology has remained largely elusive. Here, considering the bulk and boundary as an environment and system, respectively, we demonstrate that anomalous boundary states in Hermitian topological insulators exhibit non-Hermitian topology. We study the self-energy capturing the particle exchange between the bulk and boundary, and show that it detects Hermitian topology in the bulk and induces non-Hermitian topology at the boundary. As an illustrative example, we reveal non-Hermitian topology and concomitant skin effect inherently embedded within chiral edge states of Chern insulators. We also identify the emergence of hinge states within effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonians at surfaces of three-dimensional topological insulators. Furthermore, we comprehensively classify our correspondence across all the tenfold symmetry classes of topological insulators and superconductors. Our work uncovers hidden connection between Hermitian and non-Hermitian topology, and provides an approach to identifying non-Hermitian topology in quantum matter.
description: 9+10 pages, 5+1 figures
Characteristics of high-resolution sea ice dynamics in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Lilover, M.-J.
name: Pavelson, J.
name: Kõuts, T.
name: Leppäranta, M.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2018

description: High-resolution Eulerian and Lagrangian sea ice kinematics are examined based on an ADCP and four icebound drifting buoys in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. The measurements were performed in the central Gulf of Finland in winter 2010 from January to March. Ice drift was mostly in near-free drift state driven by winds and ice-independent currents in the basin. Internal friction was significant, apart from off-ice forcing toward the open boundary. The averaged asymptotic ice/wind speed ratio and deviation angle at higher wind speeds were 0.034 and 9° in the oceanic boundary layer, respectively. The ratio depended on the direction of the wind indicating the role of morphometry of the coast to the local ice kinematics. The maximum values of wind ratio were observed in cases of NE winds and minimum values in cases of SW winds. Coherent ice drift was observed up to a distance of 42 km
title: Современный русский язык: орфография и пунктуация
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2025

description: Практикум предлагает систему диктантов, позволяющих усовершенствовать орфографические и пунктуационные навыки обучающихся. Бóльшая часть заданий носит обобщающий характер, входной и комплексные диктанты сопровождаются ключами для самопроверки. Подготовлен с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Предназначен для студентов укрупненной группы специальностей и направлений подготовки «Образование и педагогические науки», изучающих дисциплину «Современный русский язык».
title: Современный русский язык
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование, Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2025

description: Практикум содержит в себе диктанты, позволяющие усовершенствовать орфографические и пунктуационные навыки обучающихся. Даны задания на орфографию и пунктуацию для закрепления различных тем. Подготовлен с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования. Предназначен для студентов всех профессий и специальностей, изучающих дисциплины «Русский язык», «Современный русский язык».
Megachile minor Raw, 2002, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile minor

description: minor, new comb.
Megachile minor Vachal 1908: 236. Female. Type locality: Mapirí, Bolivia. Type repository: MNHN. Examined. Type labelled “ veterna var. minor ”.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Biomarker responses in female rainbow trout exposed to untreated and secondary treated whole mill effluent from production of TCF-bleached sulphate pulp
Creators: name: Mattsson, K.
name: Tana, J.
name: Härdig, J.
name: Engström, C.
name: Lehtinen, K.-J.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2001

description: Juvenile, female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed for 8 weeks to 1:400 dilutions of treated and untreated totally chlorine free bleached kraft mill effluents (BKME). Individual growth, feed consumption, bile conjugates, liver enzyme 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), liver histology, liver glycogen, muscle lipid, hematology parameters and plasma 17[beta]-estradiol levels were measured. Compared with the controls, no significant effects on growth, feed consumption, plasma 17[beta]-estradiol and EROD were observed. A significant positive relationship between growth and plasma 17[beta]-estradiol and muscle lipid content was found in fish exposed to treated effluent. The fish bile sterol levels did not correlate with the sterol levels analyzed directly from effluent samples. The treated effluent exposed fish excreted more cholesterol through bile than control fish. Livers of fish exposed to treated effluent had lower glycogen content and muscle lipid content than control fish. Only minor changes in liver structure and hematology of the BKME exposed fish were observed. Other studies has shown phytosterols to inhibite intestinal cholesterol absorbtion and this might explain why a higher liver energy metabolism was observed in fish exposed to treated effluent.
Megachile orcina Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile orcina

description: orcina Vachal, new comb.
Megachile orcina Vachal 1908: 223. Female. Type locality: Mendoza [Argentina]. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile veterna Vachal, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile veterna

description: veterna Vachal, new comb.
Megachile veterna Vachal 1908: 235 ­236. Female. Type locality: Peru. Type repository: MNHN. Examined.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Dasymegachile (Dasymegachile) Mitchell
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Dasymegachile

description: Subgenus Dasymegachile Mitchell
Megachile (Dasymegachile) Mitchell 1943: 669. Type species: Megachile saulcyi Guerín 1845. Original designation. Michener 2000: 559.
Cressoniella (Dasymegachile) Mitchell 1980: 63.
Cressoniella (Chaetochile) Mitchell 1980: 63. Type species: Megachile golbachi Schwimmer, in Mitchell 1980. Original designation and monotypy. Synonymy of Michener 2000: 555.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile chilensis Spinola, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile chilensis

description: chilensis Spinola, new comb.
Megachile chilensis Spinola 1851: 178. Female. Type locality: Chile. Specimens at USNM which T.B. Mitchell determined as chilensis Spinola belong to this subgenus.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Atmospheric precipitable water in Estonia, 1990–2001
Creators: name: Okulov, O.
name: Ohvril, H.
name: Kivi, R.
Publisher: name: Boreal Environment Research Publishing Board
Year: 2002

description: Knowledge on atmospheric precipitable water is necessary as input to hydrological, energetic and radiation models. Short historical review of parameterization of precipitable water is given. For Tallinn (Estonia), simple formulas are proposed to calculate precipitable water from observations of surface water vapor pressure. Seasonal changes of precipitable water in Tallinn are expressed by time series for 1990–2001 as well as by tabulation of monthly averages for this period. Parameterization of precipitable water, decadal time series, and tabulation of monthly averages are also given for three neighboring stations — St. Petersburg (Russia), Jokioinen and Sodankylä (Finland).
Megachile cinerea Friese, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile cinerea

description: cinerea Friese, new comb.
Megachile cinerea Friese 1905: 137. Male and female. Type locality: Santiago/ Concepcion, Chile. Specimens at USNM which T.B. Mitchell determined as cinerea Friese belong to this subgenus.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Adaptation of XAI to Auto-tuning for Numerical Libraries
Creators: name: Aoki, Shota
name: Katagiri, Takahiro
name: Ohshima, Satoshi
name: Kawai, Masatoshi
name: Nagai, Toru
name: Hoshino, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Concerns have arisen regarding the unregulated utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) outputs, potentially leading to various societal issues. While humans routinely validate information, manually inspecting the vast volumes of AI-generated results is impractical. Therefore, automation and visualization are imperative. In this context, Explainable AI (XAI) technology is gaining prominence, aiming to streamline AI model development and alleviate the burden of explaining AI outputs to users. Simultaneously, software auto-tuning (AT) technology has emerged, aiming to reduce the man-hours required for performance tuning in numerical calculations. AT is a potent tool for cost reduction during parameter optimization and high-performance programming for numerical computing. The synergy between AT mechanisms and AI technology is noteworthy, with AI finding extensive applications in AT. However, applying AI to AT mechanisms introduces challenges in AI model explainability. This research focuses on XAI for AI models when integrated into two different processes for practical numerical computations: performance parameter tuning of accuracy-guaranteed numerical calculations and sparse iterative algorithm.
description: This article has been submitted to Special Session: Performance Optimization and Auto-Tuning of Software on Multicore/Manycore Systems (POAT), In conjunction with IEEE MCSoC-2024 (Dec 16-19, 2024, Days Hotel & Suites by Wyndham Fraser Business Park, Kuala Lumpur)
Nonequilbrium physics of generative diffusion models
Creators: name: Yu, Zhendong
name: Huang, Haiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative diffusion models apply the concept of Langevin dynamics in physics to machine leaning, attracting a lot of interests from engineering, statistics and physics, but a complete picture about inherent mechanisms is still lacking. In this paper, we provide a transparent physics analysis of diffusion models, formulating the fluctuation theorem, entropy production, equilibrium measure, and Franz-Parisi potential to understand the dynamic process and intrinsic phase transitions. Our analysis is rooted in a path integral representation of both forward and backward dynamics, and in treating the reverse diffusion generative process as a statistical inference, where the time-dependent state variables serve as quenched disorder akin to that in spin glass theory. Our study thus links stochastic thermodynamics, statistical inference and geometry based analysis together to yield a coherent picture about how the generative diffusion models work.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, 31 refs
Megachile coquimbensis Ruiz, new comb.
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile coquimbensis

description: coquimbensis Ruiz, new comb.
Megachile coquimbensis Ruiz 1938: 151. Type locality: Bano del Toro, Chile. Specimens at BBSL determined by T.B. Mitchell and J.S. Moure belong to this subgenus.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
Megachile kuscheli Moure
Creators: name: Raw, Anthony
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Megachilidae
Megachile
Megachile kuscheli

description: kuscheli Moure, emendation and new comb.
Megachile kuscheli Moure 1956: 105 ­106. Female. Type locality: Bolivia. Specimens in the collection of BBSL (author of determination unknown) are members of this subgenus.
description: Published as part of Raw, Anthony, 2002, New combinations and synonymies of leafcutter and mason bees of the Americas (Megachile, Hymenoptera, Megachilidae), pp. 1-43 in Zootaxa 71 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.71.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/155887
RURAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN NEPAL : ASSESSING THE MATTHEW EFFECT IN DISTRIBUTION AND REACH OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN KASKI DISTRICT
Creators: name: Rai, Heema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 441012
subject: Sociology of inequalities
classificationCode: 441003
subject: Rural sociology
classificationCode: 440499
subject: Development studies not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 300299
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management not elsewhere classified

description: This paper examines whether there is a presence of the Matthew Effect in development programs run by the governmental and non-governmental sector in Nepal. The Matthew Effect is a social phenomenon by which the relatively ‘elite’ of any community are benefitting more than others, thus creating a bigger divide between the rich and the poor. More specifically, the paper examines whether the national development plans and non-governmental development projects are creating an environment that is fostering more inequality.