cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2: of Combination of clinical symptoms and blood biomarkers can improve discrimination between bacterial or viral community-acquired pneumonia in children
Creators: name: Bhuiyan, Mejbah
name: Blyth, Christopher
name: West, Rachel
name: Lang, Jurissa
name: Rahman, Tasmina
name: Granland, Caitlyn
name: Gier, Camilla
name: Borland, Meredith
name: Thornton, Ruth
name: Kirkham, Lea-Ann
name: Martin, Andrew
name: Richmond, Peter
name: Smith, David
name: Jaffe, Adam
name: Snelling, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Figure S1 A. ROC curve for blood WCC concentration for differentiating definite bacterial pneumonia against presumed viral pneumonia in radiologically confirmed CAP cases. Figure S1 B. ROC curve for blood WCC concentration for differentiating definite bacterial pneumonia against presumed viral plus other pneumonias in radiologically confirmed CAP cases. Figure S1 shows the output of discriminatory analysis using ROC curve for blood WCC level. The Figure S1A shows the ROC curve for blood WCC to distinct between definite bacterial pneumonia and presumed viral pneumonia. The area-under- curve has been inserted in the figure. The Figure S1B shows the ROC curve for blood WCC to distinct between definite bacterial pneumonia and presumed viral pneumonia plus other pneumonia. The area-under- curve has been inserted in the figure Figure S2 A: ROC curve for blood ANC concentration for differentiating definite bacterial pneumonia against presumed viral pneumonia in radiologically confirmed CAP cases. Figure S2 B. ROC curve for blood ANC concentration for differentiating definite bacterial pneumonia against presumed viral plus other pneumonias in radiologically confirmed CAP cases. Figure S2 shows the output of discriminatory analysis using ROC curve for blood ANC level. The Figure S1A shows the ROC curve for blood ANC to distinct between definite bacterial pneumonia and presumed viral pneumonia. The area-under- curve has been inserted in the figure. The Figure S2B shows the ROC curve for blood ANC to distinct between definite bacterial pneumonia and presumed viral pneumonia plus other pneumonia. The area-under- curve has been inserted in the figure. (DOCX 19 kb)
Additional file 1 of Perceived social support and quality of life among adolescents in residential youth care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Singstad, Marianne Tevik
name: Wallander, Jan Lance
name: Greger, Hanne Klæboe
name: Lydersen, Stian
name: Kayed, Nanna Sønnichsen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Descriptive statistics for completers and non-completers of the Social Support Questionnaire.
Human Comfortability Index Estimation in Industrial Human-Robot Collaboration Task
Creators: name: Savur, Celal
name: Heard, Jamison
name: Sahin, Ferat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fluent human-robot collaboration requires a robot teammate to understand, learn, and adapt to the human's psycho-physiological state. Such collaborations require a computing system that monitors human physiological signals during human-robot collaboration (HRC) to quantitatively estimate a human's level of comfort, which we have termed in this research as comfortability index (CI) and uncomfortability index (unCI). Subjective metrics (surprise, anxiety, boredom, calmness, and comfortability) and physiological signals were collected during a human-robot collaboration experiment that varied robot behavior. The emotion circumplex model is adapted to calculate the CI from the participant's quantitative data as well as physiological data. To estimate CI/unCI from physiological signals, time features were extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG), galvanic skin response (GSR), and pupillometry signals. In this research, we successfully adapt the circumplex model to find the location (axis) of 'comfortability' and 'uncomfortability' on the circumplex model, and its location match with the closest emotions on the circumplex model. Finally, the study showed that the proposed approach can estimate human comfortability/uncomfortability from physiological signals.
description: Submitted to IEEE-THMS
Point source contribution to the Diffuse X-ray Background below 1 keV and its effect on our understanding of the circum-galactic medium
Creators: name: Huang, Sicong
name: Cappelluti, Nico
name: Galeazzi, Massimiliano
name: Gupta, Anjali
name: Liu, Wenhao
name: Ursino, Eugenio
name: Velliyedathu, Tomykkutty J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the spectral signature of different components of the Diffuse X-ray Background (DXB), including Local Hot Bubble (LHB), Solar Wind Charge Exchange (SWCX), Galactic Halo, and typically unresolved point sources (galaxies and AGN), in the direction of the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) using the 4 Ms XMM-Newton survey and Chandra 4 Ms Source Catalog. In this paper, we present our results showing how the different components contribute to the DXB below 1 keV. In particular, we have found that ~6% of the emission at 3/4 keV (all-sky average value ~ 3$\times10^{-3}$ cm$^{-6}$pc), which is typically associated with Galactic Halo (GH) and Circum-galactic medium (CGM) is, in fact, due to emission from typically unresolved galaxies. We will discuss the effect that this has on our understanding of GH and CGM, and to our understanding of the missing CGM baryons.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables
Gallbladder hydrops caused by scarlet fever
Creators: name: SANTOS OCHOA DE ERIBE, SONIA
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Dacryocystography
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute
subject: Dilatation

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 6 years
description: Clinical History: A 6 year old boy presented abdominal pain of 4 days of evolution. At the physical examination, he located the pain in the right iliac fossa. The stools were normal. He had been treated lately with benzathine phenoxymethylpenicillin in the previous 72h bec... Final Diagnosis: Gallbladder hydrops
Observation of pattern stabilization in a driven superfluid
Creators: name: Liebster, Nikolas
name: Sparn, Marius
name: Kath, Elinor
name: Duchene, Jelte
name: Fujii, Keisuke
name: Görlitz, Sarah L.
name: Enss, Tilman
name: Strobel, Helmut
name: Oberthaler, Markus K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of patterns in driven systems has been studied extensively, and their emergence can be connected to a fine balance of instabilities and stabilization mechanisms. While the early phase of pattern formation can be understood on the basis of linear stability analyses, the long-time dynamics can only be described by accounting for the interactions between the excitations generated by the drive. Here, we observe the stabilization of square patterns in an interaction-driven, two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. These patterns emerge due to inherent high-order processes that become relevant in the regime of large phonon occupations. Theoretically, this can be understood as the emergence of a stable fixed point of coupled nonlinear amplitude equations, which include phonon-phonon interactions. We experimentally probe the predicted flows towards such a stable fixed-point, as well as repulsion from a saddle fixed-point, using the experimental control unique to quantum gases.
description: Version as accepted in PRX
Quark matter under strong magnetic fields in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio Model
Creators: name: Menezes, D. P.
name: Pinto, M. Benghi
name: Avancini, S. S.
name: Martinez, A. Perez
name: Providencia, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we use the large-$N_c$ approximation to investigate quark matter described by the SU(2) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model subject to a strong magnetic field. The Landau levels are filled in such a way that usual kinks appear in the effective mass and other related quantities. $β$-equilibrium is also considered and the macroscopic properties of a magnetar described by this quark matter is obtained. Our study shows that the magnetar masses and radii are larger if the magnetic field increases but only very large fields ($\ge 10^{18}$ G) affect the EoS in a non negligible way.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
On the relationship between control barrier functions and projected dynamical systems
Creators: name: Delimpaltadakis, Giannis
name: Heemels, W. P. M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the relationship between systems controlled via Control Barrier Function (CBF) approaches and a class of discontinuous dynamical systems, called Projected Dynamical Systems (PDSs). In particular, under appropriate assumptions, we show that the vector field of CBF-controlled systems is a Krasovskii-like perturbation of the set-valued map of a differential inclusion, that abstracts PDSs. This result provides a novel perspective to analyze and design CBF-based controllers. Specifically, we show how, in certain cases, it can be employed for designing CBF-based controllers that, while imposing safety, preserve asymptotic stability and do not introduce undesired equilibria or limit cycles. Finally, we briefly discuss about how it enables continuous implementations of certain projection-based controllers, that are gaining increasing popularity.
description: To be presented at the 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Dec. 13-15, 2023, Singapore
Pacific Labour Mobility & Australia's Seasonal Worker Program: Opportunities, Impediments and Potential
Creators: name: Ball, Rochelle
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: This In Brief is the first of a series on Pacific labour mobility. It outlines key aspects of Australia's Seasonal Worker Program (SWP) and discusses its future potential.
Presacral plexiform neurofibroma with urinary retention
Creators: name: Sanchez, Thomas
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Paediatric
subject: Pelvis
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 7 years
description: Clinical History: A 7 year old boy with neurofibromatosis type I presented with one day of painful urinary retention requiring in & out catheterization. He has had 3 prior episodes over the past 2 years, typically resolving after 1-2 days. Urinalysis is normal. Final Diagnosis: Presacral plexiform neurofibroma
A conformal Hopf-Rinow theorem for semi-Riemannian spacetimes
Creators: name: Burtscher, Annegret
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C23 (primary), 53C18, 53C50, 57R25

description: The famous Hopf-Rinow Theorem states, amongst others, that a Riemannian manifold is metrically complete if and only if it is geodesically complete. The Clifton-Pohl torus fails to be geodesically complete proving that this theorem cannot be generalized to compact Lorentzian manifolds. On the other hand, Hopf and Rinow characterized metric completeness also by properness. García-Heveling and the author recently obtained a Lorentzian completeness-compactness result for open manifolds with a similar flavor. In this manuscript, we extend the null distance used in this approach and our theorem to proper cone structures and to a new class of semi-Riemannian manifolds, dubbed $(n-ν,ν)$-spacetimes. Moreover, we demonstrate that our result implies, and hence generalizes, the metric part of the Hopf-Rinow Theorem.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures; typos fixed in v4. Final version, to appear in Indagationes Mathematicae
Additional file 1 of Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains collected in six African countries between 2010 and 2014
Creators: name: Kebareng G. Rakau
name: Nyaga, Martin M.
name: Maemu P. Gededzha
name: Mwenda, Jason M.
name: M. Jeffrey Mphahlele
name: L. Mapaseka Seheri
name: Steele, A. Duncan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Are debris disks self-stirred?
Creators: name: Kennedy, G. M.
name: Wyatt, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper considers the evidence that debris disks are self-stirred by the formation of Plutos. A model for the dust produced during self-stirring is applied to statistics for A stars. As there is no significant difference between excesses of A-stars <50Myr old, we focus on reproducing the broad trends, the "rise and fall" of the fraction of stars with excesses. Using a population model, we find that the statistics and trends can be reproduced with a self-stirring model of planetesimal belts with radii distributed between 15-120AU. Disks must have this 15AU minimum radius to show a peak in disk fraction, rather than a monotonic decline. Populations of extended disks with fixed inner and/or outer radii fail to fit the statistics, due mainly to the slow 70um evolution as stirring moves further out in the disk. This conclusion, that debris disks are narrow belts, is independent of the significance of 24um trends for young A-stars. We show that the statistics can also be reproduced with a model in which disks are stirred by secular perturbations from a nearby eccentric planet. Detailed imaging is therefore the best way to characterise the stirring mechanism. From a more detailed look at beta Pictoris Moving Group and TW Hydrae Association A-stars we find that the disk around beta Pictoris is likely the result of secular stirring by the proposed planet at ~10AU; the structure of the HR 4796A disk also points to sculpting by a planet. The two other stars with disks, HR 7012 and eta Tel, possess transient hot dust, though the outer eta Tel disk is consistent with a self-stirred origin. Planet formation provides a natural explanation for the belt-like nature of debris disks, with inner regions cleared by planets that may also stir the disk, and the outer edges set by where planetesimals can form. [abridged]
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Knowledge Graphs Querying
Creators: name: Khan, Arijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge graphs (KGs) such as DBpedia, Freebase, YAGO, Wikidata, and NELL were constructed to store large-scale, real-world facts as (subject, predicate, object) triples -- that can also be modeled as a graph, where a node (a subject or an object) represents an entity with attributes, and a directed edge (a predicate) is a relationship between two entities. Querying KGs is critical in web search, question answering (QA), semantic search, personal assistants, fact checking, and recommendation. While significant progress has been made on KG construction and curation, thanks to deep learning recently we have seen a surge of research on KG querying and QA. The objectives of our survey are two-fold. First, research on KG querying has been conducted by several communities, such as databases, data mining, semantic web, machine learning, information retrieval, and natural language processing (NLP), with different focus and terminologies; and also in diverse topics ranging from graph databases, query languages, join algorithms, graph patterns matching, to more sophisticated KG embedding and natural language questions (NLQs). We aim at uniting different interdisciplinary topics and concepts that have been developed for KG querying. Second, many recent advances on KG and query embedding, multimodal KG, and KG-QA come from deep learning, IR, NLP, and computer vision domains. We identify important challenges of KG querying that received less attention by graph databases, and by the DB community in general, e.g., incomplete KG, semantic matching, multimodal data, and NLQs. We conclude by discussing interesting opportunities for the data management community, for instance, KG as a unified data model and vector-based query processing.
description: accepted at ACM SIGMOD Record 2023
Additional file 1 of High-school students and self-injurious thoughts and behaviours: clues of emotion dysregulation
Creators: name: Zanus, Caterina
name: Battistutta, Sara
name: Aliverti, Renata
name: Monasta, Lorenzo
name: Montico, Marcella
name: Ronfani, Luca
name: Carrozzi, Marco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Randomized Runge-Kutta-Nyström Methods for Unadjusted Hamiltonian and Kinetic Langevin Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Bou-Rabee, Nawaf
name: Kleppe, Tore Selland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60J05 (Primary) 65C05, 65L05, 65P10 (Secondary)

description: We introduce $5/2$- and $7/2$-order $L^2$-accurate randomized Runge-Kutta-Nyström methods, tailored for approximating Hamiltonian flows within non-reversible Markov chain Monte Carlo samplers, such as unadjusted Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and unadjusted kinetic Langevin Monte Carlo. We establish quantitative $5/2$-order $L^2$-accuracy upper bounds under gradient and Hessian Lipschitz assumptions on the potential energy function. The numerical experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of the proposed unadjusted samplers on a variety of well-behaved, high-dimensional target distributions.
On Quark Substructures in an Inspired Unified Model
Creators: name: Belhaj, Adil
name: Ennadifi, Salah Eddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the growing attention devoted to the Quantum Chromodynamics sector of the Standard Model, and the recent observations of non-standard hadronic states, a possible substructure of quarks $q_{f}\equiv C_{ij}|k_{i}k_{j}\rangle $ in terms of four colorless bound particles $% k_{i(=0,\ldots,3)}$ "hyperparticles" is investigated in a $SO(10)$-inspired unified model. This aims to define a subtle structure of matter as well as an explanation of some particularities of quarks. Precisley, these hyperquarks $k_{i}$ are bound by a $SU(3)_{h}$ "hyperstrong force" under which they are assumed to be charged. Exploiting certain known data, the masses and the charges of such fundamental particles are discussed along with the emerged four extra quarks $q_{f}\equiv δ_{ii}|k_{i}k_{i}\rangle $ and three hyperweak bosons $W_{h}$.
description: Latex, 12 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables, no use of computer calculation, authors are listed in alphabetical order
Combinatorial Entropies and Statistics
Creators: name: Niven, Robert K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the {combinatorial} or {probabilistic} definition ("Boltzmann's principle") of the entropy or cross-entropy function $H \propto \ln \mathbb{W}$ or $D \propto - \ln \mathbb{P}$, where $\mathbb{W}$ is the statistical weight and $\mathbb{P}$ the probability of a given realization of a system. Extremisation of $H$ or $D$, subject to any constraints, thus selects the "most probable" (MaxProb) realization. If the system is multinomial, $D$ converges asymptotically (for number of entities $N \back \to \back \infty$) to the Kullback-Leibler cross-entropy $D_{KL}$; for equiprobable categories in a system, $H$ converges to the Shannon entropy $H_{Sh}$. However, in many cases $\mathbb{W}$ or $\mathbb{P}$ is not multinomial and/or does not satisfy an asymptotic limit. Such systems cannot meaningfully be analysed with $D_{KL}$ or $H_{Sh}$, but can be analysed directly by MaxProb. This study reviews several examples, including (a) non-asymptotic systems; (b) systems with indistinguishable entities (quantum statistics); (c) systems with indistinguishable categories; (d) systems represented by urn models, such as "neither independent nor identically distributed" (ninid) sampling; and (e) systems representable in graphical form, such as decision trees and networks. Boltzmann's combinatorial definition of entropy is shown to be of greater importance for {"probabilistic inference"} than the axiomatic definition used in information theory.
description: Invited contribution to the SigmaPhi 2008 Conference; accepted by EPJB volume 69 issue 3 June 2009
Relax: Composable Abstractions for End-to-End Dynamic Machine Learning
Creators: name: Lai, Ruihang
name: Shao, Junru
name: Feng, Siyuan
name: Lyubomirsky, Steven S.
name: Hou, Bohan
name: Lin, Wuwei
name: Ye, Zihao
name: Jin, Hongyi
name: Jin, Yuchen
name: Liu, Jiawei
name: Jin, Lesheng
name: Cai, Yaxing
name: Jiang, Ziheng
name: Wu, Yong
name: Park, Sunghyun
name: Srivastava, Prakalp
name: Roesch, Jared G.
name: Mowry, Todd C.
name: Chen, Tianqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dynamic shape computations have become critical in modern machine learning workloads, especially in emerging large language models. The success of these models has driven the demand for their universal deployment across a diverse set of backend environments. In this paper, we present Relax, a compiler abstraction for optimizing end-to-end dynamic machine learning workloads. Relax introduces a cross-level abstraction that encapsulates computational graphs, loop-level tensor programs, and external library calls in a single representation. Relax also introduces first-class symbolic shape annotations to track dynamic shape computations globally across the program, enabling dynamic shape-aware cross-level optimizations. We build an end-to-end compilation framework using the proposed approach to optimize dynamic shape models. Experimental results on LLMs show that Relax delivers performance competitive with state-of-the-art systems across various GPUs and enables deployment of emerging models to a broader set of emerging environments, including mobile phones, embedded devices, and web browsers.
description: To appear at ASPLOS 2025 (16 pages, 20 figures)
Revisiting primordial black holes formation from preheating instabilities: the case of Starobinsky inflation
Creators: name: del-Corral, Daniel
name: Gondolo, Paolo
name: Kumar, K. Sravan
name: Marto, João
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) in the early universe inflationary cosmology has garnered significant attention. One plausible scenario for primordial black hole (PBH) formation arises during the preheating stage following inflation. Notably, this scenario does not necessitate any ad-hoc fine-tuning of the scalar field potential. This paper focuses on the growth of primordial density perturbation and the consequent possibility of PBH formation in the preheating stage of the Starobinsky model for inflation. The typical mechanism for PBH formation during preheating is based on the collapse of primordial fluctuations that become super-horizon during inflation (type I) and re-enter the particle horizon in the different phases of cosmic expansion. In this work, we show that there exists a certain range of modes that remain in the sub-horizon (not exited) during inflation (type II modes) but evolve identically to type I modes if they fall into the instability band, leading to large density perturbation above the threshold and can potentially also contribute to the PBH formation. We detail the conditions determining the possible collapse of type I and/or type II modes whose wavelengths are larger than the Jeans length we derive from the effective sound speed of scalar field fluctuations. Since the preheating stage is an 'inflaton' (approximately) matter-dominated phase, we follow the framework of the critical collapse of fluctuations and compute the mass fraction using the well-known Press-Schechter and the Khlopov-Polnarev formalisms, and compare the two. Finally, we comment on the implications of our study for the investigations concerned with primordial accretion and consequent PBH contribution to the dark matter.
description: 36 pages, 18 figures, version with extended results and discussion
Relaxation Critical Dynamics with Emergent Symmetry
Creators: name: Shu, Yu-Rong
name: Liao, Ting
name: Yin, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal critical properties can manifest themselves not only in spatial but also in temporal directions. It has been found that critical point with emergent symmetry exhibits intriguing spatial critical properties characterized by two divergent length scales, attracting long-term investigations. However, how the temporal critical properties are affected by emergent symmetry is largely unknown. Here we study the nonequilibrium critical dynamics in the three-dimensional ($3$D) clock model, whose critical point has emergent $U(1)$ symmetry. We find that in contrast to the magnetization $M$, whose relaxation process is described by the usual dynamic exponent $z$ of the $3$D XY universality class, the angular order parameter $ϕ_q$ shows a remarkable two-stage evolution characterized by different dynamic critical exponents. While in the short-time stage the relaxation dynamics is governed by $z$, in the long-time stage the dynamics is controlled by a new dynamic exponent $z'$. Further scaling analyses confirm that $z'$ is an indispensable dynamic critical exponent. Our results may be detected in the hexagonal RMnO$_3$ (R$=$rare earth) materials experimentally.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Double Entropic Stochastic Resonance
Creators: name: Burada, P. S.
name: Schmid, G.
name: Reguera, D.
name: Rubi, J. M.
name: Hänggi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the appearance of a purely entropic stochastic resonance (ESR) occurring in a geometrically confined system, where the irregular boundaries cause entropic barriers. The interplay between a periodic input signal, a constant bias and intrinsic thermal noise leads to a resonant ESR-phenomenon in which feeble signals become amplified. This new phenomenon is characterized by the presence of two peaks in the spectral amplification at corresponding optimal values of the noise strength. The main peak is associated with the manifest stochastic resonance synchronization mechanism involving the inter-well noise-activated dynamics while a second peak relates to a regime of optimal sensitivity for intra-well dynamics. The nature of ESR, occurring when the origin of the barrier is entropic rather than energetic, offers new perspectives for novel investigations and potential applications. ESR by itself presents yet another case where one constructively can harvest noise in driven nonequilibrium systems.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures ; Europhys. Lett., in press (2009)
Additional file 1 of Effect of early sleep apnoea treatment with adaptive servo-ventilation in acute stroke patients on cerebral lesion evolution and neurological outcomes: study protocol for a multicentre, randomized controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial (eSATIS: early Sleep Apnoea Treatment in Stroke)
Creators: name: Duss, Simone B.
name: Anne-Kathrin Brill
name: Baillieul, Sébastien
name: Horvath, Thomas
name: Zubler, Frédéric
name: Flügel, Dominique
name: Kägi, Georg
name: Benz, Gabriel
name: Bernasconi, Corrado
name: Ott, Sebastian R.
name: Korostovtseva, Lyudmila
name: Sviryaev, Yurii
name: Salih, Farid
name: Endres, Matthias
name: Tamisier, Renaud
name: Haralampos Gouveris
name: Winter, Yaroslav
name: Denier, Niklaus
name: Wiest, Roland
name: Arnold, Marcel
name: Schmidt, Markus H.
name: Jean-Louis Pépin
name: Bassetti, Claudio L. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Performance of ChatGPT on the Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics
Creators: name: Polverini, Giulia
name: Gregorcic, Bor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well-known artificial intelligence-based chatbot ChatGPT-4 has become able to process image data as input in October 2023. We investigated its performance on the Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics to inform the physics education community of the current potential of using ChatGPT in the education process, particularly on tasks that involve graphical interpretation. We found that ChatGPT, on average, performed similarly to students taking a high-school level physics course, but with important differences in the distribution of the correctness of its responses, as well as in terms of the displayed "reasoning" and "visual" abilities. While ChatGPT was very successful at proposing productive strategies for solving the tasks on the test and expressed correct "reasoning" in most of its responses, it had difficulties correctly "seeing" graphs. We suggest that, based on its performance, caution and a critical approach are needed if one intends to use it in the role of a tutor, a model of a student, or a tool for assisting vision-impaired persons in the context of kinematics graphs.
Wital: A COTS WiFi Devices Based Vital Signs Monitoring System Using NLOS Sensing Model
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Gu, Yu
name: Yan, Huan
name: Wang, Yantong
name: Dong, Mianxiong
name: Ota, Kaoru
name: Ren, Fuji
name: Ji, Yusheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vital sign (breathing and heartbeat) monitoring is essential for patient care and sleep disease prevention. Most current solutions are based on wearable sensors or cameras; however, the former could affect sleep quality, while the latter often present privacy concerns. To address these shortcomings, we propose Wital, a contactless vital sign monitoring system based on low-cost and widespread commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Wi-Fi devices. There are two challenges that need to be overcome. First, the torso deformations caused by breathing/heartbeats are weak. How can such deformations be effectively captured? Second, movements such as turning over affect the accuracy of vital sign monitoring. How can such detrimental effects be avoided? For the former, we propose a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing model for modeling the relationship between the energy ratio of line-of-sight (LOS) to NLOS signals and the vital sign monitoring capability using Ricean K theory and use this model to guide the system construction to better capture the deformations caused by breathing/heartbeats. For the latter, we propose a motion segmentation method based on motion regularity detection that accurately distinguishes respiration from other motions, and we remove periods that include movements such as turning over to eliminate detrimental effects. We have implemented and validated Wital on low-cost COTS devices. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Wital in monitoring vital signs.
description: Accepted by IEEE THMS
Observation of the non-Hermitian skin effect and Fermi skin on a digital quantum computer
Creators: name: Shen, Ruizhe
name: Chen, Tianqi
name: Yang, Bo
name: Lee, Ching Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian physics has attracted considerable attention in recent years, particularly the non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) for its extreme sensitivity and non-locality. While the NHSE has been physically observed in various classical metamaterials and even ultracold atomic arrays, its highly-nontrivial implications in many-body dynamics have never been experimentally investigated. In this work, we report the first observation of the NHSE on a universal quantum processor, as well as its characteristic but elusive Fermi skin from many-fermion statistics. To implement NHSE dynamics on a quantum computer, the effective time-evolution circuit not only needs to be non-reciprocal and non-unitary but must also be scaled up to a sufficient number of lattice qubits to achieve spatial non-locality. We show how such a non-unitary operation can be systematically realized by post-selecting multiple ancilla qubits, as demonstrated through two paradigmatic non-reciprocal models on a noisy IBM quantum processor, with clear signatures of asymmetric spatial propagation and many-body Fermi skin accumulation. To minimize errors from inevitable device noise, time evolution is performed using a trainable, optimized quantum circuit produced with variational quantum algorithms. Our study represents a critical milestone in the quantum simulation of non-Hermitian lattice phenomena on present-day quantum computers and can be readily generalized to more sophisticated many-body models with the remarkable programmability of quantum computers.
description: 25 pages and 16 figures,include new simulation results
Studies in natural products Part I. The biosynthesis of erythrina alkaloids Part II. An attempted in vitro demethylation of lanosterol
Creators: name: Gervay, Joseph Edmund
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In Part I, hypotheses for the biogenesis of Erythrina alkaloids are discussed. Di-(β-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethylamine the theoretical precursor predicted by the biogenetic theory, was prepared and ring closure to the erythrinane ring system by oxidative coupling was attempted under various conditions. Consequently, the biogenesis of the Erythrina alkaloids was re-examined and a new proposal is advanced for the biosynthesis of these alkaloids. Synthetic routes to a hypothetical precursor, proposed here for the first time as a potential intermediate, are described. The biogenetic-type synthesis of the spiro-amine ring system present in the Erythrina alkaloids was achieved by oxidative coupling of the blocked diphenolic precursor, as predicted by the proposed biosynthetic scheme. Oxidation of di-(β-3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-ethylamine by alkaline potassium ferricyanide afforded 3,15-dimethoxy-16-hydroxy-2-oxo-erythrina-1(6),3-diene in 15% yield. Reduction of the latter by sodium borohydride gave 3,15-dimethoxy-2,16-dihydroxyerythrina-l(6),3-diene. Acetylation of the dienone yielded 3,15-dimethoxy-16-acetoxy-2-oxoerythrina-1(6),3-diene. The total biogenetic-type synthesis of erysodine is therefore but two steps from completion. The results as a whole confirm the hypothesis that Erythrina alkaloids are produced in Nature by oxidative coupling of diphenols. They also demonstrate the directing role of the protective groups in the phenolic precursor. The evidence allows a biosynthetic pathway for the aromatic Erythrina alkaloids to be considered, and the mechanism for the ring closure process is discussed. The isotopically labelled precursor 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-N-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphen[1-¹⁴C]ethyl)-phenethylamine was prepared to test the biosynthetic hypothesis in the plant. Feeding experiments are in progress. In Part II, the biogenesis of cholesterol and methods for functionalising inert methyl groups are reviewed, and a new theoretical approach to removal of the 14α-methyl group from lanosterol is described. The removal of this methyl group in vitro could not be achieved, but a series of interesting compounds was obtained. Evidence for the structures of these compounds is presented. Thus, photosensitized oxygenation of dihydrolanosteryl acetate in the presence of para-nitrobenzenesulphonyl chloride yielded 3β-acetoxylanosta-7,9(ll)-diene, 3β-acetoxylanost-8-ene-7-one and 3β-acetoxylanost-8-ene-7a-hydroperoxide. In addition a compound having an ambiguous structure and designated as IP1 was obtained. The dibromo-derivative of the latter is 33-acetoxy-7a,lla-dibromolanostane-8 a,9α-epoxide, the structure of which was determined by X-ray crystallographic study. A working structure for compound IP1 based on the physical and chemical evidence is discussed.
A report on locally conformally Kähler manifolds
Creators: name: Ornea, Liviu
name: Verbitsky, Misha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C55

description: We present an overview of recent results in locally conformally Kähler geometry, with focus on the topological properties which obstruct the existence of such structures on compact manifolds.
Less of the sun-worship. by J. Hugh O'Donnell.
Creators: name: O'Donnell, John Hugh
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Cover title.
 The second in the series of addresses under the general title of Hail, Holy Queen, delivered on May 5, 1946, by the Rev. J. Hugh O'Donnell, C.S.C., President of the University of Notre Dame.
 Catholic hour (Radio program)
Amplitude-Ensemble Quantum-Inspired Tabu Search Algorithm for Solving 0/1 Knapsack Problems
Creators: name: Tseng, Kuo-Chun
name: Lai, Wei-Chieh
name: Chen, I-Chia
name: Hsiao, Yun-Hsiang
name: Chiue, Jr-Yu
name: Huang, Wei-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, an improved version of QTS (Quantum-inspired Tabu Search) has been proposed, which enhances the utilization of population information, called "amplitude-ensemble" QTS (AE-QTS). This makes AE-QTS more similar to the real quantum search algorithm, Grover Search Algorithm, in abstract concept, while keeping the simplicity of the algorithm. Later, we demonstrate the AE-QTS on the classical combinatorial optimization 0/1 knapsack problem. Experimental results show that the AE-QTS outperforms other algorithms, including the QTS, by at least an average of 20% in all cases and even by 30% in some cases. Even as the problem complexity increases, the quality of the solutions found by our method remains superior to that of the QTS. These results prove that our method has better search performance.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Slow propagation of information on the random XXZ quantum spin chain
Creators: name: Elgart, Alexander
name: Klein, Abel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B44, 82C44, 81Q10, 47B80, 60H25

description: The random XXZ quantum spin chain manifests localization (in the form of quasi-locality) in any fixed energy interval, as previously proved by the authors. In this article it is shown that this property implies slow propagation of information, one of the putative signatures of many-body localization, in the same energy interval.
description: 23 pages, no figures
Distinguishing Between Dark Matter and Pulsar Origins of the ATIC Electron Spectrum With Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
Creators: name: Hall, Jeter
name: Hooper, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results from the Advanced Thin Ionization Calorimeter (ATIC) balloon experiment have identified the presence of a spectral feature between approximately 300 and 800 GeV in the cosmic ray electron spectrum. This spectral feature appears to imply the existence of a local (within about 1 kpc) source of high energy electrons. Emission from a local pulsar and dark matter annihilations have each been put forth as possible origins of this signal. In this letter, we consider the sensitivity of ground based atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to electrons and show that observatories such as HESS and VERITAS should be able to resolve this feature with sufficient precision to discriminate between the dark matter and pulsar hypotheses with considerably greater than 5 sigma significance, even for conservative assumptions regarding their performance. In addition, this feature provides an opportunity to perform an absolute calibration of the energy scale of ground based, gamma ray telescopes.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Sharpening and generalizations of Carlson's double inequality for the arc cosine function
Creators: name: Guo, Bai-Ni
name: Qi, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33B10, 26D05

description: In this paper, we sharpen and generalize Carlson's double inequality for the arc cosine function.
description: 7 pages
Application of Reconfigurable All-Optical Activation Unit based on Optical Injection into Bistable Fabry-Pérot Laser in Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks
Creators: name: Crnjanski, Jasna V.
name: Teofilović, Isidora
name: Krstić, Marko M.
name: Gvozdić, Dejan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we theoretically investigate application of a bistable Fabry-Pérot semiconductor laser under optical-injection as all-optical activation unit for multilayer perceptron optical neural networks. The proposed device is programmed to provide reconfigurable sigmoid-like activation functions with adjustable thresholds and saturation points and benchmarked on machine learning image recognition problems. Due to the reconfigurability of the activation unit, the accuracy can be increased by up to 2% simply by adjusting the control parameter of the activation unit to suit the specific problem. For a simple two-layer perceptron neural network, we achieve inference accuracies of up to 95% and 85%, for the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets, respectively.
Diverse Perspectives Can Mitigate Political Bias in Crowdsourced Content Moderation
Creators: name: Thebault-Spieker, Jacob
name: Venkatagiri, Sukrit
name: Mine, Naomi
name: Luther, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, social media companies have grappled with defining and enforcing content moderation policies surrounding political content on their platforms, due in part to concerns about political bias, disinformation, and polarization. These policies have taken many forms, including disallowing political advertising, limiting the reach of political topics, fact-checking political claims, and enabling users to hide political content altogether. However, implementing these policies requires human judgement to label political content, and it is unclear how well human labelers perform at this task, or whether biases affect this process. Therefore, in this study we experimentally evaluate the feasibility and practicality of using crowd workers to identify political content, and we uncover biases that make it difficult to identify this content. Our results problematize crowds composed of seemingly interchangeable workers, and provide preliminary evidence that aggregating judgements from heterogeneous workers may help mitigate political biases. In light of these findings, we identify strategies to achieving fairer labeling outcomes, while also better supporting crowd workers at this task and potentially mitigating biases.
description: Accepted to the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (FAccT 2023). To cite please use the reference available at this URL: https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594080