cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Paucity phenomena for polynomial products
Creators: name: Wang, Victor Y.
name: Xu, Max Wenqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $P(x)\in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ be a polynomial with at least two distinct complex roots. We prove that the number of solutions $(x_1, \dots, x_k, y_1, \dots, y_k)\in [N]^{2k}$ to the equation \[
 \prod_{1\le i \le k} P(x_i) = \prod_{1\le j \le k} P(y_j)\neq 0 \] (for any $k\ge 1$) is asymptotically $k!N^{k}$ as $N\to +\infty$. This solves a question first proposed and studied by Najnudel. The result can also be interpreted as saying that all even moments of random partial sums $\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}\sum_{n\le N}f(P(n))$ match standard complex Gaussian moments as $N\to +\infty$, where $f$ is the Steinhaus random multiplicative function.
description: 8 pages; minor corrections; accepted version
2 Briefkopien an [Johannes Faesi]
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1694

description: von J[ohann] J[akob] Scheuchzer
description: Faesi, Johannes: Ca. 1626-1705, Lehrer am Carolinum, stv. Rektor u. Kantor am Grossmünster
description: Scheuchzer unterschreibt mit "Nepos"; 1 Briefkopie ohne Angabe v. Ort und Datum
Learning advisor networks for noisy image classification
Creators: name: Ricci, Simone
name: Uricchio, Tiberio
name: Del Bimbo, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduced the novel concept of advisor network to address the problem of noisy labels in image classification. Deep neural networks (DNN) are prone to performance reduction and overfitting problems on training data with noisy annotations. Weighting loss methods aim to mitigate the influence of noisy labels during the training, completely removing their contribution. This discarding process prevents DNNs from learning wrong associations between images and their correct labels but reduces the amount of data used, especially when most of the samples have noisy labels. Differently, our method weighs the feature extracted directly from the classifier without altering the loss value of each data. The advisor helps to focus only on some part of the information present in mislabeled examples, allowing the classifier to leverage that data as well. We trained it with a meta-learning strategy so that it can adapt throughout the training of the main model. We tested our method on CIFAR10 and CIFAR100 with synthetic noise, and on Clothing1M which contains real-world noise, reporting state-of-the-art results.
description: Paper published as Poster at ICIAP21
1 Briefkopie an [Johannes Faesi]
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1692

description: von [Johann Jakob] Scheuchzer
description: Scheuchzer unterschreibt mit "Nepos": Der Brief ist an seinen Grossvater gerichtet: Faesi, Johannes: Ca. 1626-1705, Lehrer am Carolinum, stv. Rektor u. Kantor am Grossmünster
Dark Field X-ray Microscopy Below Liquid-Helium Temperature: The Case of NaMnO2
Creators: name: Plumb, Jayden
name: Poudyal, Ishwor
name: Dally, Rebecca L.
name: Daly, Samantha
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Islam, Zahir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark field X-ray microscopy (DFXM) is an experimental technique employed to investigate material properties by probing their 'mesoscale,' or microscale structures, in a bulk-sensitive manner using hard X-rays at synchrotron radiation sources. However, challenges remain when it comes to applications of this technique to examine low-temperature phenomena in quantum materials, which exhibit complex phase transitions at cryogenic temperatures. One such material is NaMnO2, which hosts an antiferromagnetic transition at 45 K that is suspected to coincide with local structural transitions from its majority monoclinic phase to nanoscale triclinic domains. Direct observation of local heterogeneities and this effect at low temperatures in NaMnO2 is an important step in understanding this material, and serves as an ideal candidate study for expanding the DFXM experimental design space. This paper details a foundational high-resolution DFXM study, down to liquid-helium temperature and below, conducted to explore phase transitions in NaMnO2. The outlined experiment ushers in the evaluation of other functional materials at low temperatures using this technique.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Calculation of temperature profiles and pressure drop in concentric three-phase HTS power cables
Creators: name: Shabagin, Eugen
name: Strauß, Severin
name: Zoller, Carolin
name: Grohmann, Steffen
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2017

description: In recent years, many cities have faced an increasing power demand, while the space for urban cable channels is limited. Due to the low transmission losses at large power densities, high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables offer an increasingly attractive alternative to conventional cable solutions. HTS cables allow a simpler grid structure with less space for cable routing and lower overall cost in comparison to conventional cables. They require operation below critical values of temperature, current density and magnetic field strength of the superconductor. Since HTS materials lose their electrical resistance at temperatures close to the normal boiling point of liquid nitrogen, LN2 is a common coolant in many HTS applications.
This work presents a differential equation model for three-phase concentric HTS cables, describing the temperature distribution in the various cable layers and in the liquid nitrogen flow. The model considers the AC losses in the superconducting phases in addition to the external thermal load, as well as pressure losses in the coolant flow. The integrity of the algorithm is verified through energy conservation, yielding negligible numerical solver errors. The final application study shows options for extending the cable length up to factor five, using a second cooling unit in combination with a mixed coolant.
1 Briefkopie an Fortunato Sperandio
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1697

description: von J[ohann] J[akob] Scheuchzer
description: Sperandio: Jesuit; siehe Sperandio, Fortunato an J.J. Scheuchzer (Ms H 311, S. 29-32)
3 Briefkopien an D[avid] Spleissio
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1698

description: von [Johann Jakob] Scheuchzer
description: Spleiss, David: 1659-1716, Dr.med. et phil., Stadtarzt in Schaffhausen
description: Alle Briefkopien ohne Angabe des Ortes; 1 Brief ohne Angabe des Datums
2 Briefkopien an Henrico Steinero
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1692

description: von [Johann Jakob] Scheuchzer
description: Steiner, Heinrich: 1675-1760, 1699 Dr.med. in Basel, später Stadtarzt in Winterthur
description: 1 Brief ohne Angabe v. Ort, Datum und Jahr; 1 Brief nur mit Angabe des Datums
Classification of "large" black holes into seven families
Creators: name: Li, Dafa
name: Cheng, Maggie
name: Li, Xiongrong
name: Li, Shuwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The black-hole--qubit correspondence has been proven to be ``useful for obtaining additional insight into one of the string black hole theory and quantum information theory by exploiting approaches of the other"[Phys. Rev. D 82, 026003 (2010)]. Though different classes of stringy black holes can be related to the well-known stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC) entanglement classes of pure states, the string theory requires a more detailed classification than the SLOCC classification of three qubits. In this paper, we derive the entanglement family of three qubits under local unitary operations (LU), and use the black-hole--qubit correspondence to classify \textquotedblleft large\textquotedblright\ black holes into seven inequivalent families. In particular, we show that two black holes with 4 non-vanishing charges ($q_{0}$, $p^{1}$, $p^{2}$, and $p^{3}$) are LU equivalent if their difference is only in the signs of charges. Thus, the classification of black holes is independent of the signs of charges and is only related to the ratio of the absolute values of charges. This observation simplifies the classification task, as one would only need to consider either the classification of non-BPS black holes or the classification of BPS black holes, but not both. Moreover, through the LU classification, the physical basis for this black-hole--qubit correspondence can be observed, and a relation between the black-hole entropy and the von Neumann entanglement entropy is revealed. Therefore, the LU classification offers a more straightforward physical connection than the SLOCC classification. Based on the LU classification, we further study the properties of von Neumann entanglement entropy for each of the seven families, and find the black holes with the maximal von Neumann entanglement entropy.
Flexibility Characterization of Sustainable Power Systems in Demand Space: A Data-Driven Inverse Optimization Approach
Creators: name: Awadalla, Mohamed
name: Bouffard, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The deepening of the penetration of renewable energy is challenging how power system operators cope with their associated variability and uncertainty. The inherent flexibility of dispathchable assets present in power systems, which is often ill-characterized, is essential in addressing this challenge. Several proposals for explicit flexibility characterization focus on defining a feasible region that secures operations either in generation or uncertainty spaces. The main drawback of these approaches is the difficulty in visualizing this feasibility region when there are multiple uncertain parameters. Moreover, these approaches focus on system operational constraints and often neglect the impact of inherent couplings (e.g., spatial correlation) of renewable generation and demand variability. To address these challenges, we propose a novel data-driven inverse optimization framework for flexibility characterization of power systems in the demand space along with its geometric intuition. The approach captures the spatial correlation of multi-site renewable generation and load using polyhedral uncertainty sets. Moreover, the framework projects the uncertainty on the feasibility region of power systems in the demand space, which are also called loadability sets. The proposed inverse optimization scheme, recast as a linear optimization problem, is used to infer system flexibility adequacy from loadability sets.
CFD analysis of the regenerator performance of cryocooler under different accelerations
Creators: name: Lin, Yuzhe
name: Sun, Jiuce
name: Neumann, Holger
name: Zhu, Shaowei
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2017

description: High temperature superconducting (HTS) technology is a promising enabling technology to allow the offshore wind turbines (WT) scaling up to 10 MW and beyond by radical reduction of the head mass. In order to provide adequate magnetic field, the HTS coils are supposed to work at a low temperature of 20-40 K, thus a cryogenic cooling system is required. Comparing with cooling by means of cryogenic liquids, the cryogen-free method which adopts conduction cooling with regenerative cryocoolers leads to certain advantages such as smaller size, simple structure and elimination of safety issues related with cryogens. These advantages are particularly valuable in superconducting WT operating in offshore condition, and thus the cryogen-free cooling system attracts more and more attention in demonstrating HTS WT projects. The cold head of the cryocooler linking to the superconducting filed coil rotates together with the rotor. The resulting centripetal acceleration and oriental variation may introduce streaming inside the regenerator and lead to performance degradation. However, up to now the influence of acceleration on the oscillating flow and heat transfer inside the regenerator has not yet been investigated. As a response to the demands of performance stable cryocooler system, in this paper we will study the impact of the gravity and centripetal acceleration on the regenerator performance. Two dimensional numerical model of the regenerator will be established by Ansys Fluent. The temperature and pressure distribution of the regenerator will be illustrated and the dependence of operating frequency, acceleration and regenerative material will also be discussed.
1 Briefkopie an [Pieter] Valkenier
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1692

description: von [Johann Jakob] Scheuchzer
description: Valckenier, Pieter: 1638-1712 (andersl. Geburtsjahr: 1641), Historiker, Jurist, Politiker, ab 1690 holl. Resident in Zürich
Zvi Enrico Jolles Pioneer in Applied Chemistry
Creators: name: Bainbridge, Irene
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: When I brought to Florence the death mask of Prof. Angelo Angeli, earlier this year, I was greeted most warmly but with some puzzlement as to how it came to be in my possession. I discovered that my father, a pupil of Angeli and later a rising figure in Florentine chemistry between 1924 and 1938, had been completely forgotten there after he was expelled from Italy to comply with the fascist Racial Laws of 1938. This biography aims to fill that gap. It was originally written by his son, Joshua Jolles, on the occasion of the dedication of a Meeting Room at the Casali Institute, Jerusalem in 2005, and has been revised in 2017 by his daughter, Irene Bainbridge, for Substantia. It is a story of diligence and adventure, tenacity against many odds, and finally the triumph of optimism over adversity, to be celebrated in Florence, his Alma Mater, with the establishment of the Fondo Jolles, for the preservation of many documents relating to his life and work.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Nurturing Genius: the Childhood and Youth of Kelvin and Maxwell
Creators: name: Lekner, John
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: William Thomson and James Clerk Maxwell, nineteenth century natural philosophers, were friends and colleagues (Thomson was Maxwell’s senior by seven years). This historical note gives a description of their early lives, with emphasis on the influence of their fathers and of Cambridge on their development.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Brief an Jean Jacques Dortous de Mairan
Creators: name: Bernoulli, Johann
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1725
Subjects: Bernoulli, Daniel1700-1782
Bernoulli, Nicolas1695-1726
Couplet, Pierre-1743
Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovier de1657-1757
Pajot d'Onsenbray, Louis Léon1678-1753

description: von Johann I Bernoulli
description: Am Briefkopf eigenhändig "à M. de Mairan"
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Französisch
description: Digitalisierung=Digitization=Numérisation TIFF 01.03.2015
Reversible random number generation for adjoint Monte Carlo simulation of the heat equation
Creators: name: Løvbak, Emil
name: Blondeel, Frédéric
name: Lee, Adam
name: Vanroye, Lander
name: Van Barel, Andreas
name: Samaey, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In PDE-constrained optimization, one aims to find design parameters that minimize some objective, subject to the satisfaction of a partial differential equation. A major challenges is computing gradients of the objective to the design parameters, as applying the chain rule requires computing the Jacobian of the design parameters to the PDE's state. The adjoint method avoids this Jacobian by computing partial derivatives of a Lagrangian. Evaluating these derivatives requires the solution of a second PDE with the adjoint differential operator to the constraint, resulting in a backwards-in-time simulation.
 Particle-based Monte Carlo solvers are often used to compute the solution to high-dimensional PDEs. However, such solvers have the drawback of introducing noise to the computed results, thus requiring stochastic optimization methods. To guarantee convergence in this setting, both the constraint and adjoint Monte Carlo simulations should simulate the same particle trajectories. For large simulations, storing full paths from the constraint equation for re-use in the adjoint equation becomes infeasible due to memory limitations. In this paper, we provide a reversible extension to the family of permuted congruential pseudorandom number generators (PCG). We then use such a generator to recompute these time-reversed paths for the heat equation, avoiding these memory issues.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, accepted for the proceedings of MCQMC22, minor rephrasing upon reviewer suggestion and corrections in acknowledgements
1 Briefkopie an [Johannem Jacobum] Wagnerum
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1692

description: von J[ohann] J[akob] Scheuchzer
description: Wagner, Johann Jakob: 1641-1695, Arzt, Naturforscher, Stadtbibliothekar in Zürich, 1690 Mitglied der Wiener "Academia naturae curiosorum" (Leopoldiana)
5 Briefkopien an [Johann Paul] Wurffbein
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1693

description: von J[ohann] J[akob] Scheuchzer
description: Wurfbain: Arzt in Nürnberg
description: Nur 1 Briefkopie mit Angabe von Ort und Datum, 4 Briefe ohne Angabe des Datums, 3 Briefe ohne Angabe des Ortes; 1 Brief unterzeichnet mit: J.J. Scheuchzer MD
EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON JOB SATISFACTION - A STUDY OF BANKING EMPLOYEES
Creators: name: Trapti Tak
name: Dr. Manish Sharma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Intelligence, Satisfaction, Efficiency, Employees, Emotional, Relationship, Environment, Banking.

description: Abstract

Presently the banking sector is one of the rapidly moving sectors for customer service in Indian economical aspect. In the beginning of Independence, the banking sector was completely controlled or under impression and influence of Chief Bureaucrats and because of this very less number of banking service institutions were existing. By the passages of time there has been observed a long lasting formation of banking sector because of introduction of privatization and liberalization and that is why the banking sector has grown rapidly. Even after having such enlarged sector a very limited studies has been observed on impact on satisfaction of job through emotional intelligence far as the bank employs are concerned. The word emotional intelligence includes various components of it such as awareness of self or called self awareness, self motivation, and skills of social nature and also includes social regulation. The job satisfaction is a kind of the term which provides a sense of motivation to employees including the different aspects such as the job security, handsome remunerative packages, various rewards, better nature of work, benefit of leaves, a good working environment, the job rotation and job enlargement and the various different measures which has been imposed by different statutory provisions and has been implemented by the organizations and the governments. However as far as the bank employs and their job satisfaction are concerned. The proper measures have not been taken especially those advices which have been given by banking sector experts for ensuring proper job satisfaction. Undoubtedly the measures which are adopted for the job satisfaction are the key contributory mechanisms which help in keeping employees healthy, happy and efficient. With the help of job satisfaction of the employees of the banking system the better customer services can be provided. In the banking operations management can influentially encounter the other aspects the bank management and can also focus on promoting and providing better opportunities for developing the social and interpersonal skills in their employees and building a good relationship mechanism between the workers and could help to fill up the needs of the employees in different recreational activities. Hence it has been suggested and recommended that the better potential of employees relating to emotional intelligence can be helpful in developing job satisfaction among the bank employees. The present study has an attempt of making analysis about intelligence level of emotional nature, and satisfaction of employees as far as job is concerned in banking sector, because as such a linking of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence is not available in any previous studies.
[Architekturskizze, vermutlich Ausschnitt eines Portals]
Creators: name: Rahn, Johann Rudolf
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1860
Subjects: Rhäzüns

description: [Johann Rudolf Rahn]
description: Weitere Zeichnung Johann Rudolf Rahns auf der Vorderseite, vergleiche Signatur der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv: Rahn XLVIII, 103a / Systemnummer: 010582402
description: Möglicherweise steht die Darstellung in Zusammenhang mit der Kirche St. Georg in Rhäzüns, deren Wandmalerei Johann Rudolf Rahn auf der Vorderseite dieses Blatts dargestellt hat
description: Aus dem Nachlass Johann Rudolf Rahn Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchiv
Adiabatic extraction of nonlinear optical properties from real-time time-dependent electronic-structure theory
Creators: name: Ofstad, Benedicte Sverdrup
name: Kristiansen, Håkon Emil
name: Aurbakken, Einar
name: Schøyen, Øyvind Sigmundson
name: Kvaal, Simen
name: Pedersen, Thomas Bondo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real-time simulations of laser-driven electron dynamics contain information about molecular optical properties through all orders in response theory. These properties can be extracted by assuming convergence of the power series expansion of induced electric and magnetic multipole moments. However, the accuracy relative to analytical results from response theory quickly deteriorates for higher-order responses due to the presence of high-frequency oscillations in the induced multipole moment in the time domain. This problem has been ascribed to missing higher-order corrections. We here demonstrate that the deviations are caused by nonadiabatic effects arising from the finite-time ramping from zero to full strength of the external laser field. Three different approaches, two using a ramped wave and one using a pulsed wave, for extracting electrical properties from real-time time-dependent electronic-structure simulations are investigated. The standard linear ramp is compared to a quadratic ramp, which is found to yield highly accurate results for polarizabilities, and first and second hyperpolarizabilities, at roughly half the computational cost. Results for the third hyperpolarizability are presented along with a simple, computable measure of reliability.
Conservation of Paleontological Finds: the Restoration Materials of the “Problematica Verrucana”
Creators: name: Colli, Laura
name: Salvini, Antonella
name: Pecchioni, Elena
name: Cencetti, Sandra
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: The materials used in the historical restoration of a fossil collection named “Problematica Verrucana”, have been studied in order to contribute to the creation of a catalogue of restoration materials used in the past. Due to the complexity of the mixtures used with different purposes to restore fossil finds, an extractive technique has been employed in order to separate the compounds soluble in solvents with different polarities. Using this procedure several components, even when found in small amounts, have been identified. The chemical composition of the organic and inorganic compounds used in the restoration material has been determined using extractive procedure, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. A preliminary macroscopic characterisation and mineralogical and petrographical analyses have also been performed on the inorganic filling materials found in several samples. The different compositions of various materials used in the restoration of this fossil collection might be related to the particular conservative and esthetic functions of the product applied on the find.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Interfacial Potentials: Measuring the Immeasurable?
Creators: name: Lyklema, Johannes
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: The scientific background of measuring and interpreting potentials at interfaces is discussed in a historical setting. Various types of potentials have to be distinguished. Some are measurable, others not. Static and dynamic aspects will be covered and, as applications, the interaction between electric double layers and the slip process in electrokinetics will be considered. In several cases it is expedient to interpret results in terms of charges rather than in terms of potentials.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
The Master and the Slave. A glance at the social life of molecules
Creators: name: Bouas-Laurent, Henri
name: Desvergne, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: Low energy interactions induce the formation of molecular assemblies that can display a large variety of sizes and shapes such as dimers, oligomers, colloids, gels, helices, cylinders, etc. These grouping modes mimic human relationships, as people generally flock together according to their affinities. Moreover, chemical reactions, undergone under strong energy interactions, that result in bond breaking and formation of new compounds, can also be compared to human behaviour. The fables usually involve animals but rarely molecules to play the role of human beings. In this article, we report a molecular tale where two different 9-substituted anthracene derivatives compete in a photochemical reaction, simulating the behaviour of a master and a slave, respectively
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
The Early History of Polyaniline: Discovery and Origins
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Seth C.
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: Prior to the discovery of its conductive properties in the 1960s, polyaniline was studied and applied as a variety of colored materials and dyes. The history of the discovery and origins of polyaniline are presented beginning with the initial oxidation of aniline by F. Ferdinand Runge in 1834 and concluding with the first electrochemical oxidation of aniline by Henry Letheby in 1862. In the process, the reports of aniline oxidation products between 1834 and 1862 are evaluated and discussed in light of modern knowledge, highlighting the various historical contributions to the current field of conjugated polymers. Finally, an initial argument for polyaniline as the first synthetic organic polymer is presented.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Mario Betti: a Giant in the Chemistry Scenario of the Twentieth Century
Creators: name: Naso, Francesco
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: The life of the chemist Mario Betti (1875-1942) is presented by focusing on the activity performed at the University of several Italian cities. Born in Bagni di Lucca, a small town in Tuscany, in 1897 he graduated in chemistry at the University of Pisa, under the supervision of Roberto Schiff, nephew of the famous Ugo. In 1900, he moved to the University of Florence, where he published a three component reaction which became known world-wide as the Betti reaction and, nowadays, represents a synthetic tool of increasing use. The product deriving from the reaction can be easily obtained optically resolved and used as ligand in catalysts of nucleophilic attack on carbonyl compounds. Since then, stereochemistry was the subject in which the most relevant achievements of the Italian chemist were made. After working in Florence, Betti spent a ten years long period at the University of Siena, where he covered the role of faculty dean and rector. In 1922 he was hired by the University of Bologna as successor of the famous Giacomo Ciamician. In this article the many merits of this open minded and farsighted man will be presented against a background with chemistry and chemists of the 20th century playing  on the scene. The conclusion is reached that the chemical heritage of Mario Betti, after a long time from his death, appears richer than previously thought.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Improving The Sustainability Of Lc Biofuels: Butanext As A Case Study
Creators: name: German, Lizzie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: biofuel
fermentation
miscanthus
municipal solid waste
wheat straw
pilot plant.

description: Biobutanol is an exciting alternative to first generation biofuels due to its physical and chemical characteristics, making it more fuel efficient and suitable for use in spark ignition and diesel engines without the need for modification. However, due to the inefficiencies and costs associated with the current production process, biobutanol is yet to gain market establishment. The ButaNexT project will develop highly efficient production processes for the conversion of sustainable feedstocks into the next generation biobutanol. This will contribute to overcoming the current challenges and limitations exhibited by first generation biofuels. The ButaNexT consortium is a multi-disciplinary team of SMEs, large companies and research centres from Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. The team aspires to optimise each stage of the biobutanol production value chain: biomass pre-treatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, downstream processing and blending. It is expected that ButaNexT will achieve significant reductions in both production costs (up to 50%, to attain price-parity with first generation biofuels) and carbon emissions (up to 85%) compared with fossil fuels (gasoline and diesel). Moreover, the project is working on maximising the biobutanol conversion yields from selected lignocellulosic feedstocks such as wheat straw, miscanthus and the organic fraction of Municipal Solid Waste.
On the Ontology of Superheavy Elements
Creators: name: Kragh, Helge
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: The study of so-called superheavy elements with atomic numbers Z > 102 has for several decades been a major research field in nuclear physics and chemistry. Presently all elements up to and including Z = 118 have been discovered and assigned official names by IUPAC. To speak of “discovery” is however unfortunate since the elements are in reality produced, manufactured or created in the laboratory. They are not found in nature. Moreover, it is not obvious that they exist in the normal sense of the term or that they can be called elements at all. Apart from sketching the history of transuranic and superheavy elements, the paper focuses on some of the philosophical issues which are relevant to the synthesis of very heavy elements at the end of the periodic table. In addition, the relationship between superheavy elements and exotic atoms (such as anti-atoms and muonic atoms) are briefly considered.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Sugaentulus masumii Imadate 1978
Creators: name: Shrubovych, Julia
name: Rusek, Josef
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Protura
Acerentomidae
Sugaentulus
Sugaentulus masumii

description: Sugaentulus masumii Imadaté, 1978
(Figs. 34–39)
The holotype of Sugaentulus masumii Imadaté, 1978 (NSMT–Ap 62), allotype (NSMT–Ap 62) and two paratypes (NSMT–Ap 70), deposited in National Science Museum of Natural History, Tokyo, Japan, were studied recently by Dr. Nakamura Osami, who kindly provided new illustrations of Imadaté’s species for comparison with S. andrzeji. These drawings along with Imadaté’s original description form the basis for a partial redescription of S. masumii and differentiation of the two species.
Maxillary gland characterized by wide calyx with slightly granulated surface and with distinct extra appendix (Fig. 34). Basal sensilla on maxillary palps slender, near setiform (Figs. 35 A, B). Sensillum on labial palp very broad (Fig. 35 C). Accessory setae on meso- and metanotum and tergites I–VI sensilliform, blunt, not pointed (Figs. 36, 37), on VII longer and setiform (Fig. 38). Striate band on abdominal segment VIII distinct with parallel and regularly oriented striae (Fig. 39). Striae shorter than the band width. On ventral side, some striae between anterior line of band and cuticular area only in holotype, not observed in allotype and two paratypes.
description: Published as part of Shrubovych, Julia & Rusek, Josef, 2010, Sugaentulus andrzeji sp. nov. from Siberia, Russia (Protura: Acerentomidae: Acerentominae) and key to Acerentominae genera, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2720 on page 66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199876
Summary of the Nature and Contents of “The Origin of Rocks and Mineral Deposits – Using Current Physical Chemistry of Small Particle Systems”
Creators: name: Elliston, John
Publisher: name: Substantia
Year: 2017

description: The book referred to in this title is a comprehensive interdisciplinary scientific treatise that introduces revolutionary new knowledge achieved by competent use of the scientific method. The research on which it is based has been more thoroughly and critically reviewed than is usual for scientific works and the international edition has recently been published.


However, correct statements and advertising of the publisher and booksellers are disbelieved because many scientists assume the author is claiming to have discovered the origin of rocks and mineral deposits. Millions of dollars are spent each year on research endeavouring to understand the formation of ore deposits. It is a preposterous misconception that any one scientist could discover the origin of rocks and mineral deposits.


The book definitely does not introduce a new geological theory or revise an existing one. Using the basic scientific method of logical conclusions from direct observation it reinterprets geological phenomena and processes using currently established physical chemistry of small particle systems. The title of this book “The Origin of Rocks and Mineral Deposits – using current physical chemistry of small particle systems”1 is not a boastful or exaggerated claim. It summarises the results of over 50 years of systematic industrial research that actually achieved an understanding of how modern surface chemistry now explains the otherwise puzzling features and textures we see preserved in the rocks and the release of ore minerals in various geological environments. It is the culmination of the work of many outstanding scientists guiding and mentoring a highly competent and successful mineral exploration team.
description: Substantia, Vol 1 No 2 (2017)
Large Language Models for Code: Security Hardening and Adversarial Testing
Creators: name: He, Jingxuan
name: Vechev, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (large LMs) are increasingly trained on massive codebases and used to generate code. However, LMs lack awareness of security and are found to frequently produce unsafe code. This work studies the security of LMs along two important axes: (i) security hardening, which aims to enhance LMs' reliability in generating secure code, and (ii) adversarial testing, which seeks to evaluate LMs' security at an adversarial standpoint. We address both of these by formulating a new security task called controlled code generation. The task is parametric and takes as input a binary property to guide the LM to generate secure or unsafe code, while preserving the LM's capability of generating functionally correct code. We propose a novel learning-based approach called SVEN to solve this task. SVEN leverages property-specific continuous vectors to guide program generation towards the given property, without modifying the LM's weights. Our training procedure optimizes these continuous vectors by enforcing specialized loss terms on different regions of code, using a high-quality dataset carefully curated by us. Our extensive evaluation shows that SVEN is highly effective in achieving strong security control. For instance, a state-of-the-art CodeGen LM with 2.7B parameters generates secure code for 59.1% of the time. When we employ SVEN to perform security hardening (or adversarial testing) on this LM, the ratio is significantly boosted to 92.3% (or degraded to 36.8%). Importantly, SVEN closely matches the original LMs in functional correctness.
description: Accepted to ACM CCS 2023
[Porträt des Lehrers und Schriftstellers Carl Friedrich Wiegand]
Creators: name: Ruf, Conrad
Publisher: name: C. Ruf
Year: 1909
Subjects: Wiegand, Carl Friedrich1877-1942

description: [Conrad Ruf]
description: Unterhalb der Fotografie steht eine von Wiegand handschriftlich verfasste Widmung an einen Freund zu dessen Geburtstag
description: Datierung gemäss Widmung von Wiegand
description: Der Fotograf Conrad Ruf hat die Fotografie aufgenommen und in seinem Studio entwickelt
Oer Use In The Global South: A Baseline Survey Of Higher Education Instructors (Advance Online Publication)
Creators: name: de Oliveira Neto, José Dutra
name: Pete, Judith
name: Daryono
name: Cartmill, Tess
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: baseline survey
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ghana
global south
higher education
India
Indonesia
infrastructure
Kenya
Malaysia
OER
OER use
Open Educational Resources
South Africa

description: The research presented here provides baseline data regarding the use of Open Educational Resources (OER) by higher education instructors in the Global South (South America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Southeast Asia). It does so while attending to how such activity (or inactivity) is differentiated across continental regions and associated countries. The chapter addresses two questions: what proportion of instructors in the Global South have used OER, and which variables may account for different OER usage rates between respondents? This is done by examining which variables – such as gender, age, technological access and digital proficiency – seem to influence OER use rates, thereby allowing the authors to gauge which are the most important for instructors in their respective contexts.

This study is based on a quantitative research survey taken by 295 randomly selected instructors at 28 higher education institutions in nine countries (Brazil, Chile, Colombia; Ghana, Kenya, South Africa; India, Indonesia, Malaysia). The 30-question survey addressed the following themes: personal demographics, infrastructure access, institutional environment, instructor attitudes and open licensing. Survey responses were correlated for analysis with respondents’ answers to the key question of the survey: whether they had ever used OER or not.

Findings indicate that 51% of respondents have used OER, a rate slightly differentiated by region: 49% in South America, 46% in Sub-Saharan Africa and 56% in South and Southeast Asia. A number of variables were associated with varying levels of OER use rates – such as instructors’ country of habitation (and its gross domestic product per capita), level of digital proficiency, educational qualification, institutional position and attitude to education – while many others were not, such as instructors’ gender, age or perception of their institutions’ OER-related policies.
description: Citation: de Oliveira Neto, J. D., Pete, J., Daryono & Cartmill, T. (2017). OER use in the Global South: A baseline survey of higher education instructors. In C. Hodgkinson-Williams & P. B. Arinto (Eds.), Adoption and impact of OER in the Global South. Chapter 3 advance publication. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.154559

Corresponding author:
1 Briefkopie an Exc[ellentissime] P[atre] P[atrone] patrisque loco verum suspiciende
Creators: name: Scheuchzer, Johann Jacob
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1692

description: von Joh[annes] Jac[obus] Scheuchz[er]
description: Scheuchzer unterschreibt mit "Discipulus"
title: Dialysequalität vs. Lebensqualität und Wohlbefinden
Creators: name: Sommer, Kirsten Sabine
Year: 2011

description: Die Dialysepatienten nehmen in der Pflege immer mehr an Bedeutung zu, da ihre Zahl in Österreich stetig ansteigt. Dialysepatienten haben ganz spezielle Bedürfnisse und stellen dementsprechend auch besondere Anforderungen an die Pflege. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, festzustellen, ob bei der Beurteilung der Dialysequalität die speziellen Bedürfnisse der Dialysepatienten berücksichtigt werden, besonders hinsichtlich der Lebensqualität und des Wohlbefindens. Die Arbeit ist als vergleichende integrative Literaturarbeit angelegt.
Nonlocal Machine-Learned Exchange Functional for Molecules and Solids
Creators: name: Bystrom, Kyle
name: Kozinsky, Boris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design of better exchange-correlation functionals for Density Functional Theory (DFT) is a central challenge of modern electronic structure theory. However, current developments are limited by the mathematical form of the functional, with efficient semilocal functionals being inaccurate for many technologically important systems and the more accurate hybrid functionals being too expensive for large solid-state systems due to the use of the exact exchange operator. In this work, we use machine learning combined with exact physical constraints to design an exchange functional that is both orbital-dependent and nonlocal, but which can be evaluated at roughly the cost of semilocal functionals and is significantly faster than hybrid DFT in plane-wave codes. By training functionals with several different feature sets, we elucidate the roles of orbital-dependent and nonlocal features in learning the exchange energy and determine that both types of features provide vital and independently important information to the model. Having trained our new exchange functional with an expressive, nonlocal feature set, we substitute it into existing hybrid functionals to achieve hybrid-DFT accuracy on thermochemical benchmark sets and improve the accuracy of band gap predictions over semilocal DFT. To demonstrate the scalability of our approach as well as the practical benefits of improved band gap prediction, we compute charged defect transition levels in silicon using large supercells. Due to its transferability and computational efficiency for both molecular and extended systems, our model overcomes the cost-accuracy trade-off between semilocal and hybrid DFT, and our general approach provides a feasible path toward a universal exchange-correlation functional with post-hybrid DFT accuracy and semilocal DFT cost.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables (main body); 17 pages, 4 figures, 17 tables (supporting information); 51 pages combined. v2 changes: reformatting, more point defect results, figure revisions, new SI figures, revised theory section. v3 changes: improved clarity and organization. v4 changes: new data for Fig. 8a, clearer exposition in the main text, and additional figures in the SI
Sugaentulus andrzeji
Creators: name: Shrubovych, Julia
name: Rusek, Josef
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Entognatha
Protura
Acerentomidae
Sugaentulus
Sugaentulus andrzeji

description: Differentiation of S. andrzeji and S. masumii
Sugaentulus andrzeji and S. masumii both possess 2+2 A -setae on meso- and metanotum, the abdominal legs bear two nearly equal setae, and the labial palps possess an apical tuft of setae. They also have in common a well developed striate band, anterior seta P3 on tergites II–VI, and the foretarsus with a claviform t1 but lacking sensillum b’. The new species differs from Sugaentulus masumii in having a slender maxillary calyx without appendices (in S. masumii calyx broader with extra appendix), in leaf-like sensilla on maxillary palps (slender and nearly setiform in S. masumii), in finger-like sensillum on labial palps (broad and leaf-like in former species), setiform foretarsal seta δ 4 (sensilliform and short in former species), and setiform shape of foretarsal sensilla d and f (in S. masumii they are parallel to the rounded tip).
description: Published as part of Shrubovych, Julia & Rusek, Josef, 2010, Sugaentulus andrzeji sp. nov. from Siberia, Russia (Protura: Acerentomidae: Acerentominae) and key to Acerentominae genera, pp. 59-68 in Zootaxa 2720 on page 67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.199876
Gaussian almost primes in almost all narrow sectors
Creators: name: Järviniemi, Olli
name: Teräväinen, Joni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that almost all sectors of the disc $\{z \in \mathbb{C}: |z|^2\leq X\}$ of area $(\log X)^{15.1}$ contain products of exactly two Gaussian primes, and that almost all sectors of area $(\log X)^{1 + \varepsilon}$ contain products of exactly three Gaussian primes. The argument is based on mean value theorems, large value estimates and pointwise bounds for Hecke character sums.
description: 53 pages; referee comments incorporated; to appear in Rev. Mat. Iberoam
title: Astronauten und Kosmonauten als Medienhelden der 1960er Jahre in der BRD und der DDR
Creators: name: Kral, Bernhard
Year: 2011

description: Diese Arbeit trägt den Titel „Astronauten und Kosmonauten als Medienhelden der 1960er Jahre in der BRD und der DDR“. Im Mittelpunkt steht die mediale Darstellung der bemannten Raumfahrt jener Zeit. Nicht nur was, sondern auch wie wurde über die Raumfahrt, die Astronauten und Kosmonauten in den damaligen Medien berichtet? Dabei wird vor allem dem Heldenstatus der Weltraumfahrer besondere Beachtung geschenkt. Sie standen im Mittelpunkt des „Wettrennens zum Mond“, das ein wesentlicher Bestandteil des Kalten Krieges war. Der zeitliche Rahmen ergibt sich aus den wohl wichtigsten Eckdaten der bemannten Raumfahrt. Am 12. April 1961 flog Juri Gagarin als erster Mensch ins Weltall, am 21. Juli 1969 betrat mit Neil Armstrong der erste Mensch den Mond. Als Quellen werden hauptsächlich die Tages- und Wochenzeitungen aus der BRD und der DDR herangezogen. Die mediale Darstellung der Astronauten und Kosmonauten in der demokratischen BRD und der sozialistischen DDR wird hinsichtlich Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede untersucht. Die Grenze zwischen den beiden deutschen Staaten war zugleich auch die wichtigste Grenze des Kalten Krieges. Diesbezüglich steht der auch propagandistische Hintergrund der bemannten Weltraumfahrt im Mittelpunkt des Interesses. In welcher Art und Weise wurden die Weltraumfahrer als Helden ihrer Zeit inszeniert, und welche Bedeutung kam ihnen dabei zu. In der UdSSR und der DDR gab es zudem die besondere Form des institutionalisierten Heldentums als „Held der Sowjetunion“. Zuerst wird in dieser Arbeit auf den Kalten Krieg und das Wettrüsten mit Raketen eingegangen. In den Raketen manifestiert sich auch der militärische Hintergrund der gesamten Weltraumfahrt sehr deutlich, ohne die Trägerraketen, entwickelt um Atombomben zu transportieren, wäre auch die bemannte, vermeintlich friedliche Weltraumfahrt undenkbar gewesen. Dann wird anhand der Beispiele von Juri Gagarin, John Glenn, Valentina Tereschkowa und Neil Armstrong sowie Edwin Aldrin die mediale Darstellung der Astronauten und Kosmonauten in der BRD und der DDR untersucht.