cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Distributional Effects of the CAP on Western German Farm Incomes and Regional Farm Income Disparity
Creators: name: Deppermann, Andre
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Offermann, Frank
name: Deppermann, Andre
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Offermann, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Income distribution
subject: CAP
subject: Farm Group Model
subject: Equilibrium Model

description: This study is concerned with measuring impacts of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on farm income distribution of western Germany. Not only the sheer contribution of market price support and direct payments as a proportion of income is taken into account, but also the impact of support on production incentives. For this purpose, we apply a modelling system consisting of a partial equilibrium model and a programming model. Based on a comparison of Gini coefficients and a decomposition of overall inequality effects we conclude that liberalization of the agricultural sector leads to a more unequal distribution of family farm income in relative terms, whereas a liberalized market provides a more equal situation in absolute terms. Furthermore, we consider the impacts of liberalizing the agricultural market on regional differences in average agricultural income and conclude that in relative terms liberalization increases regional inequality.
Willingness to Pay for Enhanced Food Quality: Rice Parboiling in Benin
Creators: name: Demont, Matty
name: Zossou, Esperance
name: Rutsaert, Pieter
name: Ndour, Maimouna
name: Mele, Paul Van
name: Verbeke, Wim
name: Demont, Matty
name: Zossou, Esperance
name: Rutsaert, Pieter
name: Ndour, Maimouna
name: Mele, Paul Van
name: Verbeke, Wim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: food processing
subject: experimental auction
subject: food quality

description: In Benin, traditional parboiling is still widely practiced among rice processors, resulting in inferior grain quality. A new parboiler was introduced to improve the milling yield and quality of local rice. We conducted Vickrey second price auctions followed by a consensus session to elicit rural Beninese consumers’ willingness to pay for rice obtained through the new parboiler and two locally innovated parboilers. Relative to traditionally parboiled rice, consumers were willing to pay price premiums of 9–13% for rice obtained through a local parboiler using a container of which the bottom is a perforated metal, 27% for rice obtained through a local parboiler using wooden sticks at the bottom of the pot, and 25–34% for rice parboiled through the improved parboiler. Bids were influenced by the presentation order of the products according to perceived quality. Bids were also higher when participants had been informed on the benefits of improved parboiling techniques, a crucial insight for developing marketing and communication strategies for this improved quality product.
Snow avalanche penetration into mature forest
Creators: name: Anderson, Geoff K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Clear cut logging in the mountainous terrain in British Columbia, Canada, is creating new snow avalanche start zones. These areas are capable of producing avalanches sufficient in size that they can penetrate into and destroy mature forest cover. The presence of these logging cut-blocks can augment the destructive potential of previously existing avalanche paths as well as create new avalanche start zones. Forest penetrating avalanches can pose a significant risk to down-slope structures and resources. In this thesis, the first database containing information on penetration distances and lateral spread for avalanches that penetrate forest cover is developed. The study area for this research spans the Southern Coast and Columbia Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. The analysis is focused on terrain characteristics that are related to forest penetration and the resultant destruction of mature standing forest. Physical terrain and vegetation characteristics in the avalanche starting zone, track, and runout zone of 45 forest penetrating avalanches are described, measured, and parameterized. The results provide predictive tools to assess probable avalanche runout distances, and the lateral spread of potential avalanche paths that contain forest in the track or runout zone.
Efficient Mass Estimate at the Core of Strong Lensing Galaxy Clusters Using the Einstein Radius
Creators: name: González, J. D. Remolina
name: Sharon, K.
name: Reed, B.
name: Li, N.
name: Mahler, G.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Gladders, M.
name: Niemiec, A.
name: Acebron, A.
name: Child, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the era of large surveys, yielding thousands of galaxy clusters, efficient mass proxies at all scales are necessary in order to fully utilize clusters as cosmological probes. At the cores of strong lensing clusters, the Einstein radius can be turned into a mass estimate. This efficient method has been routinely used in literature, in lieu of detailed mass models; however, its scatter, assumed to be $\sim30\%$, has not yet been quantified. Here, we assess this method by testing it against ray-traced images of cluster-scale halos from the Outer Rim N-body cosmological simulation. We measure a scatter of $13.9\%$ and a positive bias of $8.8\%$ in $M(
Role of rotational coherence in femtosecond-pulse-driven nitrogen ion lasing
Creators: name: Xie, Hongqiang
name: Lei, Hongbin
name: Li, Guihua
name: Zhang, Qian
name: Wang, Xiaowei
name: Zhao, Jing
name: Chen, Zhiming
name: Yao, Jinping
name: Cheng, Ya
name: Zhao, Zengxiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally investigated the rotationally resolved polarization characteristics of N$_2^+$ lasing at 391 and 428 nm using a pump-seed scheme. By varying the relative angle between the linear polarizations of the pump and seed, it is found that the polarizations of the P and R branches of 391-nm lasing are counter-rotated. By contrast, both branches of 428-nm lasing remain polarized along the pump. The origin of the puzzled abnormal polarization characteristics is found based on a complete physical model that simultaneously includes the transient photoionization and the subsequent coupling among the electronic, vibrational and rotational quantum states of ions.It suggests that the cascaded resonant Raman processes following ionization create negative coherence between the rotational states of $J$ and $J$+2 in the ionic ground state X$^2Σ_g^+(ν=0)$, which leads to mirror-symmetrical polarization for the P and R branches of 391-nm lasing. Both the experiment and theory indicate that the demonstrated rotational coherence plays an extremely pivotal role in clarifying the gain mechanism of N$_2^+$ lasing and opens up the route toward quantum optics under ultrafast strong fields.
description: submitted to referenced Journal in Jan 12, 2020
Self-fulfilling Ising Model of Financial Markets
Creators: name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study a dynamical Ising model of agents' opinions (buy or sell) with coupling coefficients reassessed continuously in time according to how past external news (magnetic field) have explained realized market returns. By combining herding, the impact of external news and private information, we test within the same model the hypothesis that agents are rational versus irrational. We find that the stylized facts of financial markets are reproduced only when agents are over-confident and mis-attribute the success of news to predict return to herding effects, thereby providing positive feedbacks leading to the model functioning close to the critical point.
description: 4 RevTex pages including 3 eps figures
Towards Automated and Assisted Commissioning: A Robotic Use-Case
Creators: name: Filabadi, Mohammad Mahmoudi
name: Lefebvre, Tom
name: Crevecoeur, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In contemporary industrial applications, expert operators are crucial in machine operations and the commissioning and tuning of controllers. Their expertise is part of companies' intellectual property, and one of the goals of our research project is to capture their knowledge about commissioning and tuning systems. While human commissioning offers several advantages, it also comes with certain disadvantages. It involves risking human errors, limited scalability, lack of adaptability, and time consumption, especially for complex systems. The knowledge gained during commissioning might not always be effectively documented or transferred to other team members. To address the disadvantages of human commissioning, we propose new automated commissioning and assisted commissioning approaches that use automation science and AI and reduce the need for extensive manual human intervention. These approaches aim to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and consistency during the tuning of systems. In the automated commissioning approach, the commissioning process is handled with minimal human intervention and the decisions are made based on predefined algorithms, data, and machine learning. However, the knowledge of operators is valuable for companies. Therefore, assisted commissioning combines human expertise with automation science. It mitigates the drawbacks of human commissioning while leveraging the strengths of both approaches. In this project, we first exploited a Bayesian Optimization (BO) framework as an automated commissioning approach to tune the controller for a robotic system. In this framework, we used some well-defined and quantifiable performance indices which need to be optimized. The results of automated commissioning using BO show more optimality than human operator tuning. Then, we are trying to develop this approach to an assisted commissioning strategy for tuning tasks with undefined or non-quantifiable performance indices. To end this, we gather data from human tuning examples to identify human preferences and quantify the system's performance.
Hydrogen Bond Interaction Promotes Flash Energy Transport at MXene-water Interface
Creators: name: Li, Jiebo
name: Chi, Zhen
name: Qin, Ruzhan
name: Yan, Li
name: Lin, Xubo
name: Hu, Mingjun
name: Shan, Guangcun
name: Chen, Hailong
name: Weng, Yu-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are emerging applications for photothermal conversion utilizing MXene, but the mechanism under these applications related interfacial energy migration from MXene to the attached surface layer is still unknown. In this paper, with comprehensive ultrafast studies, we reported the energy migration pathway from MXene (Ti3C2Tx) to local environment under plasmonic excitation. Our data found that in water, energy dissipation is divided into fast hydrogen bond mediated channel and slow lattice motion mediated channel.The experimental results suggest that in water, nearly 80% energy in MXene that gained from the photoexcitation quickly dissipates into surrounding water molecules within 7 ps as a hydrogen bond mediated fast channel, and the remaining energy vanishes with time constant ~100 ps as a lattice motion mediated slow channel. The fast energy migration would result in the prominent interfacial energy conductance 150-300 MW *m{-2}* K{-1} for MXene-water interface. Tuning the solvent into ethanol could both narrow the energy dissipation to 35% through the fast channel and slow down the thermal channel (400 ps). To gain the molecular insight, molecular dynamic results presented different solvents had significantly different H bond forming ability on MXene surface. Our results suggested that interfacial interaction is crucial for effective hydrogen bonds on MXene surface to channel the excitation dissipation, providing important insights into the photothermal applications with MXene.
description: J. Phys. Chem. C, Just Accepted Manuscript,2020
Farm Level Economic Implications of Genetic Selection for Improving Milk Fat Composition
Creators: name: Demeter, Robert Milan
name: Bovenhuis, Henk
name: Kristensen, Anders Ringgaard
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Van Arendonk, Johan A.M.
name: Demeter, Robert Milan
name: Bovenhuis, Henk
name: Kristensen, Anders Ringgaard
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Van Arendonk, Johan A.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: dairy cattle
subject: genetic selection
subject: milk composition
subject: farm economics

description: The objective of the study was to assess the farm level economic implications of value-adding genetic selection strategies to improve milk fat composition. Selection based on a quantitative trait (ratio of total saturated to total unsaturated fatty acids in milk) or a known genotype (for the DGAT1 gene) was considered. Technical and economic performance of hypothetical herds were computed by a herd optimization and simulation model. It was assumed that the herds are already bred for the specific milk composition, and the transition period was not considered. Correlated effects of the selection scenarios on milk production, female fertility, and functional longevity traits were accounted for. Results showed that increasing the total unsaturated fatty acids in milk by traditional selection leads to lower net revenue, whereas selection based on DGAT1 genotype results in slightly higher net revenue. Our results, therefore, suggest that genetic selection based on DGAT1 genotype is a more profitable strategy for dairy farmers than selection based on phenotypes for SFA/UFA ratio.
Counting the Lyapunov inflections in piecewise linear systems
Creators: name: Ma, Liangang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Following the pioneering work of Iommi-Kiwi and Jenkinson-Pollicott-Vytnova, we continue to study the inflection points of the Lyapunov spectrum in this work. We prove that for any 3-branch piecewise linear expanding map on an interval, the number of its Lyapunov inflections is bounded above by 2. Then we continue to show that, there is a 4-branch piecewise linear expanding map, such that its Lyapunov spectrum has exactly 4 inflection points. These results give an answer to a question by Jenkinson-Pollicott-Vytnova on the least number of branches needed to observe 4 inflections in the Lyapunov spectrum of piecewise linear maps. In the general case, we give upper bound on the number of Lyapunov inflections for any n-branch piecewise linear expanding maps, and construct a family of n-branch piecewise linear expanding maps with 2n-4 Lyapunov inflections. We also consider the number of Lyapunov inflections of piecewise linear maps in words of the essential branch number in this work. There are some results on distributions of the Lyapunov inflections of piecewise linear maps through out the work, in case of their existence.
БОЛАЛАРДА УЧРАЙДИГАН ОШҚОЗОН-ИЧАК ТРАКТИ ЁТ ЖИСМЛАРИ
Creators: name: Халилов, Д.Н.
name: Рустамов, И.Қ.
name: Умаров, И.С.
name: Қодиров, Х.Х.
name: Очилов, И.Ё.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ушбу мақолада ёнбош ичакдаги кўп миқдордаги ёт жисмлар,  қорин бўшлиғидаги яллиғланиш жараёнлари, қисман ичак тутилиши ва ёнбош ичак перфорациялари ҳамда клиник кузатув натижалари келтирилган. Aйниқса, педиатрия амалиётида бундай ҳолатлар билан боғлиқ муаммоларни таҳлил қилиш, беморларни ташхислаш ва уларни даволаш бўйича қарорлар қабул қилиш жуда мураккаб бўлиши мумкин, айниқса, бу ҳолатлар кичик ёшдаги болалар билан боғлиқ бўлганда.
Supersymmetry Breaking in Disordered Systems and Relation to Functional Renormalization and Replica-Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Wiese, Kay Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study an elastic manifold in quenched disorder in the limit of zero temperature. Naively it is equivalent to a free theory with elasticity in Fourier-space proportional to k^4 instead of k^2, i.e. a model without disorder in two space-dimensions less. This phenomenon, called dimensional reduction, is most elegantly obtained using supersymmetry. However, scaling arguments suggest, and functional renormalization shows that dimensional reduction breaks down beyond the Larkin length. Thus one equivalently expects a break-down of supersymmetry. Using methods of functional renormalization, we show how supersymmetry is broken. We also discuss the relation to replica-symmetry breaking, and how our formulation can be put into work to lift apparent ambiguities in standard functional renormalization group calculations.
description: Dedicated to Lothar Schaefer on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Revised version; some explications added
Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2005-07
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70503 Forestry Fire Management
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M. 2012. Large-scale patterns of forest fire occurrence in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2005-07. Chapter 6 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report. General Technical Report SRS-158. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 73-83.
Forest fire occurrence outside the historic range of frequency and intensity can result in extensive economic and ecological impacts. The detection of geographic clusters of fire occurrences should allow for the identification of areas at greatest risk of significant impact and for the selection of locations for more intensive analysis. The ecoregion sections with the greatest number of fire occurrences from 2005 to 2007, per 100 km2 of forested area, were located in southern California and the Northern Rockies. Hotspots of fire occurrence generally differed by year, with the exception of a highly clustered and extensive hotspot that appeared each year in central Idaho and western Montana. Other hotspots were detected in the Northern Cascades, northern California, east Texas and western Louisiana and Arkansas, east-central Arizona, and southern Georgia.
Pesticides Residues and Trade: the Apple of Discord?
Creators: name: Drogue, Sophie
name: DeMaria, Federica
name: Drogue, Sophie
name: DeMaria, Federica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: food safety
subject: standards
subject: pesticides
subject: MRL
subject: apple
subject: pear
subject: market access

description: The impact of food safety standards on international trade has already been addressed. Generally, economists try to assess trade losses borne by exporters when importing countries impose stricter regulations. In this paper we assess the impact of the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) of pesticides on the trade of apples and pears. Rather than focusing on a particular pesticide we take into account the entire list of substances set out by the various regulations with the aim is to understand how the similarity (or dissimilarity) of these can affect trade. Most studies assess the impact of sanitary standard regulations introducing directly in the analysis the MLR put in force in the importing country. We assume that what can be crucial is the difference in the tolerance levels of both the importing and exporting country. Having built a similarity index we then introduce it into a gravity equation to assess the impact of differences in MRL of pesticides on the trade of apples and pears of seven exporting and seven importing countries. Results suggest that harmonizing regulations impacts trade differently depending on the exporter.
GAMIFICATION IN LANGUAGE TEACHING: MOTIVATION AND ENGAGEMENT THROUGH PLAY
Creators: name: Dilafruz Makhmudova 3-rd year student English Philology Faculty Fergana State University Fergana Uzbekistan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Gamification is one of the strongest pedagogical approaches in language teaching, as in this method is applied game-like elements in order to create motivation, engagement, and active participation among learners. This article explores the integration of gamification into language teaching, focusing on its potential to address common challenges such as learner disengagement and lack of sustained motivation. By incorporating elements like points, badges, leaderboards, and interactive storytelling, gamified strategies create a dynamic learning environment that promotes both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Based on previous research and founded on established theoretical frameworks such as Self-Determination Theory and Flow Theory, the present research is carried out to determine how gamification increases cognitive engagement, language retention , and supports autonomous learning. Practical examples from Duolingo and Kahoot tools and other classroom-based applications, are discussed in order to highlight the versatility of gamification across different linguistic contexts. The findings suggest that gamification, if implemented thoughtfully, acts as a transformative strategy in language teaching and effectively combines play with pedagogy to support second language acquisition. Future directions should be towards further enriching the gamified language learning experience by integrating technologies.
Lithographically Cut Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Opening Caps, Controlling Length Distribution, and Functionalization
Creators: name: Gader
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50301 Carbon Sequestration Science
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: This work presents a microwave digestion heating method using a 40 ml mixture of potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid (3/1 mol) to cut, end-open, and functionalize as-prepared multiwalled carbon nanotubes (A-MWCNTs). Also, the ability of the microwave digestion method was studied at different reaction times (5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes). To harness the extent of treatment, shortened multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTs) were fully characterized by UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopies, as well as, transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy. The results showed that, with this mild treatment, the A MWCNTs (>80 lm) were efficiently and significantly shortened to below 1 lm after 40 minutes. Also, heating the closed reaction vessel under microwave irradiation at 90?C for 20 minutes was very effective in the functionalization of MWNTs. At the same time, the S-MWCNTs formed the best state of dispersion in water without the help of surfactants that provided possibility for further functionalizations. For the first 10 minutes, crystallinity increased then decreased until 20 minutes, and after that improved s lightly. Finally, the mechanism of this process is explained schematically. This method could be used as high-efficiency and damage free process to the cut, end-open, and functionalization of CNTs that led to dispersion of CNTs and ultimately for such application.
Striatal neuronal apoptosis is preferentially enhanced by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in a YAC transgenic mouse model of huntington's disease
Creators: name: Shehadeh, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats in the huntington gene affecting medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum. One hypothesis put forward to explain neuronal degeneration in HD is that glutamate excitotoxicity results from increased sensitivity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). Here, we tested the hypothesis that poor calcium handling and mitochondrial dysfunction play a role in the pathogenesis of HD, but to a lesser degree than activation of NMDARs in striatal MSNs. MSNs were isolated and cultured from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) transgenic mice carrying the full-length HD gene with different CAG repeat lengths. Levels of apoptosis were determined after MSNs (either expressing wild-type, 18, 72, or 128 CAG repeats - WT, YAC18, YAC72 or YAC128 respectively) were exposed to different toxins that did not activate NMDA receptors, but increased intracellular calcium or disrupted mitochondrial function. YAC18 MSNs were used as a control for the YAC transgene, as well as the over expression of huntingtin. Surprisingly, YAC18 MSNs showed significantly less cell death than WT or HD MSNs for most toxins tested. For the YAC72 and YAC128 MSNs, it was found that in all treatments for which cytoplasmic calcium was increased via influx from the extracellular space, but not by release from intracellular stores, the level of apoptosis was increased in HD MSNs compared with WT; this is to a lesser degree than found for NMDA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibiting mitochondrial function in HD MSNs also produced higher levels of apoptosis than for WT MSNs, but once again the difference was not as dramatic as found after NMDA exposure. In addition, when NMDAR currents were partially inhibited by DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV) in YAC72 MSNs to a level equivalent to that found in WT MSNs, levels of apoptosis were also decreased to WT levels. These data support the hypothesis that excitotoxicity, specifically through NMDAR activation, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of HD. Interestingly, NMDAR activation did not produce greater toxicity in YAC128 MSNs compared to YAC72 MSNs, leading to the hypothesis that there is a decrease in NMDARs in the YAC128 mouse model. Western blot analysis of 10 week and 12 month old animals showed a decrease in the NR2 B subunit of the NMDAR in the striatum, but in no other brain region tested, which has been previously shown to enhance current and toxicity in the 72 QMSNs. These results support the NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity theory behind the pathogenesis of this devastating disease.
Electroweak properties of the $π$, $K$ and $K^*(892)$ in the three forms of relativistic kinematics
Creators: name: He, Jun
name: Julia-Diaz, B.
name: Dong, Yu-bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic form factors, charge radii and decay constants of pion, K and K*(892) are calculated using the three forms of relativistic kinematics: instant form, point form and (light) front form. Simple representations of the mass operator together with single quark currents are employed with all the forms. Making use of previously fixed parameters, together with the constituent quark mass for the strange quark, a reasonable reproduction of the available data for form factors, charge radii and decay constants of pion, rho, K and K*(892) is obtained in front form. With instant form a similar description, but with a systematic underestimation of the vector meson decay constants is obtained using two different sets of parameters, one for pion and rho and another one for K and K*(892). Point form produces a poor description of the data.
description: Accepted in Eur. Phys. Jour. A (2005)
On the formation of "supermassive" neutron stars and dynamical transition to spontaneous scalarization
Creators: name: Degollado, Juan Carlos
name: Salgado, Marcelo
name: Alcubierre, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that neutron stars can undergo a phase transition under a certain class of Scalar Tensor Theories of gravity (STT's) where a new order parameter, the {\it scalar charge}, appears within the star. This is the well known phenomenon of spontaneous scalarization (SC) discovered by Damour and Esposito-Farèse in 1993. Under such mechanism neutron stars can afford in principle a maximum mass larger than in general relativity (GR) for a given equation of state without taking into account additional observational constraints (e.g. binary systems). This opens the possibility that neutron stars might be formed with masses as large as $\sim 2 M_\odot$ without the need of stiff, or more exotic, equations of state for the nuclear matter. Thus, STT's through SC may account for compact objects with large masses observed recently in the sky in the form of pulsars (PSR J0348+0432 with $M= 2.01 M_\pm 0.04\odot$ observed in 2013, PSR J1614-2230 with $M= 1.97\pm 0.04 M_\odot$ observed in 2010 or J0740+6620 $M= 2.14^{+0.10}_{-0.09} M_\odot$ observed in 2019). However, we argue that even if that was possible such maximum mass models within STT cannot be formed solely from the dynamic transition of an initial "isolated" unscalarized neutron star whose mass cannot exceed the maximum mass in GR. This is because SC, being an energetic-preferred configuration, produces a final static star with a mass lower that the initial one with a fixed baryon mass. The mass difference between the initial and final configurations is radiated away in the form of a scalar-field. Thus, maximum mass models of scalarized neutron stars, if present in nature, must have formed by a different process, perhaps of cosmological origin or by the subsequent accretion of additional scalar charge and mass.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.B
The Number Density of 0.6 < z < 1.7 MgII Systems from CORALS: Observational Biases at Intermediate Redshift
Creators: name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Churchill, Chris W.
name: Rix, Samantha A.
name: Pettini, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of the Complete Optical and Radio Absorption Line System (CORALS) survey is to quantify the potential impact on QSO absorber statistics from dust in intervening galaxies. Dust may introduce a selection bias in surveys which are based on magnitude limited QSO samples, leading to an underestimate of absorber number density, n(z). Here we present the results of the second phase of the CORALS survey which extends our previous work on z > 1.8 damped Lyman alpha systems (DLAs) to search for strong metal line systems (candidate DLAs) in the range 0.6 < z < 1.7. We have identified 47 MgII systems with rest frame equivalent widths EW(MgII lambda 2796) > 0.3 A in our sample of 75 radio-selected quasars. Our principal and most robust result is that the n(z) of low redshift MgII systems determined for the CORALS survey is in excellent agreement with that of optically-selected, magnitude limited QSO samples. The statistically inferred number density of DLAs, n(z)=0.16^+0.08_-0.06, is consistent with other low redshift samples, although the large 1 sigma error bars permit up to a factor of 2.5 more DLAs in CORALS. However, confirmation of the DLA candidates, precise evaluation of their n(z) and measurement of their HI column densities awaits UV observations with the Hubble Space Telescope. Finally, we report an excess of intermediate redshift MgII systems observed towards bright QSOs which could be due to a lensing amplification bias. However, there is also evidence that this excess could simply be due to more sensitive EW detection limits towards brighter QSOs. We also emphasize that absorber statistics determined from magnitude limited surveys reach a steady value if the completeness limit is significantly fainter than the fiducial value of the quasar luminosity function. (Abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ
title: Efficient cycle detection on a partially reference counted heap
Creators: name: Beyer, Stefan
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Garbage Collection
subject: Cycle Detection
subject: Reference Counting
subject: Mark-Sweep
subject: Tracing
subject: Hybrid
subject: Partitioned Heap
subject: Incremental Collection
subject: Efficiency
subject: Performance
subject: PyPy
subject: cpyext
subject: CPython
subject: Garbage Collection
subject: Cycle Detection
subject: Reference Counting
subject: Mark-Sweep
subject: Tracing
subject: Hybrid
subject: Partitioned Heap
subject: Incremental Collection
subject: Efficiency
subject: Performance
subject: PyPy
subject: cpyext
subject: CPython

description: Zur automatisierten Speicherbereinigung, kurz Garbage Collection, existieren zwei grundlegende Ansätze: Tracing und Reference Counting. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Algorithmus zu finden, der beide Ansätze auf effiziente Weise vereint, und der es ermöglicht Zyklen auf teilweise referenzgezählten Heaps zu erkennen, ein Problem das typischerweise in Sprachintegrationen auf Compiler-Ebene gefunden werden kann, und gleichzeitig die Auswirkungen auf die zu integrierenden Technologien und deren Garbage Collector niedrig hält. Zwei Versionen dieses Algorithmus wurden im PyPy Just-in-time-Compiler implementiert, um die Integration von CPython-Erweiterungsmodulen zu unterstützen. Der finale Algorithmus ist an Jython's JyNI-Integration angelehnt, kann aber als eigenständig betrachtet werden. Eine teilweise und eine vollständig inkrementelle Version dieses Algorithmus wurden entworfen und deren Korrektheit semiformell bewiesen. Die Implementierungen wurden mittels aufwändiger Tests verifiziert und mithilfe eigener Benchmarks verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Verhalten der vollständig inkrementellen Version des Algorithmus relativ gut ist und ein großer Teil des Mehraufwands kompensiert werden kann, der durch die vollständige Integration beider Ansätze entsteht.
description: Two essential garbage collection techniques exist: tracing and reference counting. The goal of this work is to find an algorithm, to efficiently combine both approaches and collect cycles in partially reference counted heaps, a problem which is typically found in compiler-level language integrations, while keeping the impact on both integrated technologies and their existing garbage collector low. Two versions of the algorithm are implemented in the PyPy just-in-time compiler to support the integration of CPython extension modules. The final algorithm has been influenced by Jython's GC integrations for JyNI, but still stands on its own. Semi- and fully-incremental versions of this algorithm are designed and their correctness is established by a semi-formal proof. The implementations are verified using sophisticated tests and their efficiency is measured by running several benchmarks. The results reveal, that the fully-incremental version of the algorithm seems to behave quite well and is able to compensate a lot of the introduced overhead, of fully integrating both garbage collection mechanisms.
Evidence for a co-moving sub-stellar companion of GQ Lup
Creators: name: Neuhaeuser, R.
name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Wuchterl, G.
name: Mugrauer, M.
name: Bedalov, A.
name: Hauschildt, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a companion of the \le 2 Myr young classical T Tauri star GQ Lup in the Lupus star forming region at 140 \pm 50 pc from imaging, astrometry, and spectroscopy. With direct K-band imaging using VLT/NACO, we detected an object 6 mag fainter than GQ Lup located 0.7 arc sec west of it. Compared to images obtained 2 to 5 years earlier with Subaru/CIAO and HST/PC, this object shares the proper motion of GQ Lup by 5 and 7 sigma, respectively, hence it is a co-moving companion. Its K-L' color is consistent with a spectral type early to mid L. Our NACO K-band spectrum yields spectral type M9-L4 with H2O and CO absorption, consistent with the new GAIA-Dusty template spectrum for log g = 2 to 3 and Teff = 2000 K with ~2 Rjup radius at ~140 pc, hence few Jupiter masses. Using the theoretical models from Wuchterl & Tscharnuter (2003), Burrows et al. (1997), and Baraffe et al. (2002), the mass lies between 1 and 42 Jupiter masses.
description: 4 pages with 4 figures A&A Letter in press
Strategic Incentives in Biosecurity Actions: Theoretical and Empirical Analyses
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Mimako
name: Melkonyan, Tigran A.
name: Kobayashi, Mimako
name: Melkonyan, Tigran A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: California
subject: livestock disease
subject: livestock exhibition
subject: strategic complements
subject: strategic substitutes

description: We model a game between two players taking biosecurity actions and characterize the Nash equilibria and their properties for the cases of strategic complements and substitutes. Implications of the theoretical model are investigated using data for biosecurity behavior among producers participating in a livestock exhibition. Biosecurity actions with own benefits and lasting impacts in home communities exhibit a positive relationship with behavior of the producers from geographically close areas. The number and probabilities of biosecurity actions taken by exhibitors are positively associated with the number of animals exhibited and they vary among commercial and hobby producers and across species/types of commercial production.
Quotients of monoid extensions and their interplay with Baer sums
Creators: name: Faul, Peter
name: Manuell, Graham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M50, 18G50, 20M18

description: Cosetal extensions of monoids generalise extensions of groups, special Schreier extensions of monoids and Leech's normal extensions of groups by monoids. They share a number of properties with group extensions, including a notion of Baer sum when the kernel is abelian. However, unlike group extensions (with fixed kernel and cokernel) there may be nontrivial morphisms between them. We explore the structure of the category of cosetal extensions and relate it to an analogue of second cohomology groups. Finally, the order structure and additive structures are combined to give an indexed family of inverse semigroups of extensions. These in turn can be combined into an inverse category.
description: 15 pages. Corrections for journal version and fixed minor error in the description of the ordered groupoid in section 3
Quantitative Imaging Toolkit: Software for Interactive 3D Visualization, Data Exploration, and Computational Analysis of Neuroimaging Datasets
Creators: name: Cabeen, Ryan
name: Laidlaw, David H.
name: Toga, Arthur W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: Computational tools are increasingly important to MR imaging research, as they can make experiments more reproducible, improve our ability to share our findings and methods, and facilitate hypothesis generation. We aim to contribute a software package to the research community named the Quantitative Imaging Toolkit (QIT). QIT was developed to provide tools for 3D visualization, data exploration, and computational analysis of neuroimaging datasets. While meant to be generally useful for neuroimaging, the tools have extensively developed features for analyzing diffusion MRI data, running large population imaging analyses, and developing new algorithms.
Citation:
Cabeen RP, Laidlaw DH, Toga AW. Quantitative Imaging Toolkit: Software for Interactive 3D Visualization, Data Exploration, and Computational Analysis of Neuroimaging Datasets. In the Annual Proceedings of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Paris, France, 2018
The optimal management of research portfolios
Creators: name: Bardsley, Peter
name: Bardsley, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Risky research projects are, other things being equal, intrinsically harder to monitor than projects that are less risky. It is shown using agency theory that a standard cost benefit analysis, which ignores the agency problem, will introduce a bias towards excessively risky projects, and it will under‐estimate the benefits from complementary investments in libraries, scientific equipment and other expenditures that increase the productivity of scientists. Research managers should be risk‐averse in their choice of projects, and they should aim to hold a balanced portfolio of projects. The nature of this portfolio problem is, however, quite different from the portfolio management problem in financial markets.
Predicting climate change extirpation risk for central and southern Appalachian forest tree species
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
name: Hargrove, William W.
name: Koch, Frank H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Potter, K.M., W.W. Hargrove, and F.H. Koch. 2010. Predicting climate change extirpation risk for central and southern Appalachian forest tree species. Proceedings from the Conference on Ecology and Management of High-Elevation Forests of the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains. J.S. Rentch and T.M. Schuler, eds. Snowshoe, West Virginia, May 14-15, 2009. General Technical Report NRS-P-64. Newtown Square, Pennsylvania: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. pp. 179-189.
Compact elliptical galaxies in different local environments: a mixture of galaxies with different origins?
Creators: name: Kim, Suk
name: Jeong, Hyunjin
name: Rey, Soo-Chang
name: Lee, Youngdae
name: Lee, Jaehyun
name: Joo, Seok-Joo
name: Kim, Hak-Sub
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the stellar populations of 138 compact elliptical galaxies (cEs) in the redshift range of $z < 0.05$ using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR12. Our cEs are divided into those with [cE(w)] and without [cE(w/o)] a bright ($M_{r} < -21$ mag) host galaxy. We investigated the stellar population properties of cEs based on the Lick line indices extracted from SDSS spectra. cE(w)s show [Z/H] and \afe\ distributions skewed toward higher values compared to those of the cE(w/o)s. No statistically significant difference in age distribution was found between the cE(w)s and cE(w/o)s. In the mass-metallicity distribution, cE(w)s deviate from the relation observed for early-type galaxies at a given stellar mass, whereas cE(w/o)s conform to the relation. Based on the different features in the stellar populations of cE(w)s and cE(w/o)s, we can propose two different cE formation channels tracing different original masses of the progenitors. cE(w)s would be the remnant cores of the massive progenitor galaxies whose outer parts are tidally stripped by a massive neighboring galaxy (i.e., nurture origin). In contrast, cE(w/o)s are likely the faint end of early-type galaxies maintaining in-situ evolution in an isolated environment with no massive galaxy nearby (i.e., nature origin). Our results reinforce the propositions that cEs comprise a mixture of galaxies with two types of origins depending on their local environment.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2006
Creators: name: Potter, Kevin
name: Koch, Frank H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70505 Forestry Pests, Health and Diseases
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

description: Potter, K.M., Koch, F.H. 2012. Large-scale patterns of insect and disease activity in the conterminous United States and Alaska, 2006. Chapter 5 in K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling, eds., Forest Health Monitoring 2008 National Technical Report. General Technical Report SRS-158. Asheville, North Carolina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. pp. 63-72.
Monitoring the occurrence of forest pest and pathogen outbreaks is also important at regional scales because of the significant impact insects and disease can have on forest health across landscapes. Hotspot analysis of U.S. Forest Service Forest Health Protection low-altitude aerial survey and ground survey data from 2006 detected significant clusters of forest mortality associated with mountain pine beetle in the West, emerald ash borer in Michigan, and balsam woolly adelgid in Maine. Forest tent caterpillar and gypsy moth were responsible for several hotspots of defoliation in the Northeast and the Southeast, while western spruce budworm and a handful of other insects were the main causes of defoliation in the Northern Rockies and the Northwest. Spruce beetle was the most significant cause of mortality in Alaska, while aspen leafminer was the most important defoliation agent there.
Scattering of Glueballs and the AdS/CFT Correspondence
Creators: name: Boschi-Filho, Henrique
name: Braga, Nelson R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired in the AdS/CFT correspondence one can look for dualities between string theory and non conformal field theories. Exact dualities in the non conformal case are intricate but approximations can be helpful in extracting physical results. A phenomenological approach consists in introducing a scale corresponding to the maximum value of the axial AdS coordinate. Here we show that this approach can reproduce the scaling of high energy glueball scattering amplitudes and also an approximation for the scalar glueball mass ratios.
description: 8 pages. Version with typos corrected. Seminar presented at IV International Winter Conference on Mathematical Methods in Physics. To appear in the proceedings at http://pos.sissa.it/
Improving the Use of Experimental Auctions in Africa: Theory and Evidence
Creators: name: Morawetz, Ulrich B.
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Kimenju, Simon Chege
name: Morawetz, Ulrich B.
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Kimenju, Simon Chege
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Africa
subject: BDM mechanism
subject: experimenter effect
subject: first-price auction
subject: income effect
subject: order effect
subject: time of day effect

description: Experimental auctions have not been widely used in Africa. However, auctions are important tools for evaluating new products and technologies. To increase the quality of these experiments, we explore an alternative first-price bidding mechanism that is more similar to African market exchanges and we analyze factors likely to affect bidding. Experiments with African consumers show that the proposed first-price mechanism has no advantage over conventional second-price mechanisms. Results show high and significant cash-in-hand, experimenter, and time of day effects in main rounds, and significant ordering effects in test rounds. These effects need to be carefully considered when applying the Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism in Africa.