cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: 03_0100
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
MmWave MU-MIMO for Aerial Networks
Creators: name: Cuvelier, Travis
name: Heath, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Millimeter wave offers high bandwidth for air-to-air (A2A) communication. In this paper, we evaluate the rate performance of a multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) configuration where several aircraft communicate with a central hub. We consider a hybrid subarray architecture, single path channels, and realistic atmospheric attenuation effects. We propose a mathematical framework for the analysis of millimeter wave (mmWave) MU-MIMO networks. Via Monte Carlo simulation, we demonstrate that mmWave is a promising technology for delivering gigabit connectivity in next-generation aerial networks.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted at ISWCS Special Session 7: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications. Small correction to equation (9) that I noticed after publication. Code available at: https://github.com/travisCuvelier/mmWaveAerialNetworks
MOESM1 of A cross-sectional study of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infection burden and risk factors in general population children in 12 villages in northern Uganda
Creators: name: Maziarz, Marlena
name: Hadijah Nabalende
name: Otim, Isaac
name: Legason, Ismail
name: Kinyera, Tobias
name: Ogwang, Martin
name: Talisuna, Ambrose
name: Reynolds, Steven
name: Kerchan, Patrick
name: Kishor Bhatia
name: Biggar, Robert
name: Goedert, James
name: Pfeiffer, Ruth
name: Mbulaiteye, Sam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Weighted distribution of characteristics of apparently healthy children aged 0â 15Â years enrolled between October 2011 and February 2014 in 12 villages in northern Uganda.
Optimized Design of Survivable MPLS over Optical Transport Networks. Optical Switching and Networking
Creators: name: Bigos, Wojtek
name: Gosselin, Stéphane
name: Cousin, Bernard
name: Foll, Morgane Le
name: Nakajima, Hisao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we study different options for the survivability implementation in MPLS over Optical Transport Networks in terms of network resource usage and configuration cost. We investigate two approaches to the survivability deployment: single layer and multilayer survivability and present various methods for spare capacity allocation (SCA) to reroute disrupted traffic. The comparative analysis shows the influence of the traffic granularity on the survivability cost: for high bandwidth LSPs, close to the optical channel capacity, the multilayer survivability outperforms the single layer one, whereas for low bandwidth LSPs the single layer survivability is more cost-efficient. For the multilayer survivability we demonstrate that by mapping efficiently the spare capacity of the MPLS layer onto the resources of the optical layer one can achieve up to 22% savings in the total configuration cost and up to 37% in the optical layer cost. Further savings (up to 9 %) in the wavelength use can be obtained with the integrated approach to network configuration over the sequential one, however, at the increase in the optimization problem complexity. These results are based on a cost model with actual technology pricing and were obtained for networks targeted to a nationwide coverage.
Silvoarable practices with Walnut trees (PA)
Creators: name: Mosquera-Losada MR
name: Lopez-Díaz ML
name: Ferreiro-Domínguez N
name: Rodríguez Rigueiro FJ
name: JJ, Santiago Freijanes
name: Rigueiro Rodríguez A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: winter crops
cereals
shade conditions.
cultivo de invierno
Cereal
condiciones de sombra.

description: Walnut is together with cherry one of the most promising and valued that may provide over 3000 euros per tree to farmers after growing several decades (30 years in Galicia). However, a strong initial investment linked to the plantation together with high tree maintenance costs linked to silvicultural operations such as pruning and thinning prevents farmers to plant them, as usually no other product are initially obtained from the planted land. On the other hand, tree-less arable lands are producing crops but also decapitalizing soil fertility that can be solved through the introduction of widely walnut spaced tree plantations. Walnut trees are especially suitable to be grown with winter crops including cereals because they sprout late in the spring allowing plenty sunlight to the crop even with dense plantations. High pruning should be carried out that contribute to reduce tree/crop competition Walnut variety selection should ensure the best form of the logs. Earlier crop varieties should be adequately selected to be grown under the trees. The Spanish AFCLIMA project aimed at evaluating the development of different varieties of rye, wheat,maize, triticale and barley under walnut with different tree ages in different climatic regions of Spain.
Prospects for Observations of Transient UV Events with the TAUVEX UV Observatory
Creators: name: Safonova, Margarita
name: Sivaram, C.
name: Murthy, Jayant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transient events have posed special problems in astronomy because of the intrinsic difficulty of their detection, and a new class of observatories such as the Pan-STARRS and LSST are coming up specifically to observe these energetic events. In this paper we discuss the UV transient events from two specific sources, such as possible collisions in extrasolar planetary systems and M dwarf flares, to find the probability of their detection by space UV observatories, in particular, by the Tel Aviv University Explorer (TAUVEX). TAUVEX is an UV imaging experiment that will image large parts of the sky in the wavelength region between 120 and 350 nm. TAUVEX is a collaborative effort between the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and Tel Aviv University, and is scheduled for an early-2009 launch with at least three years of operations. The scientific instrument has been fabricated at El-Op in Israel, with the satellite interfaces, launch and flight operations provided by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The ground-based software development is the responsibility of the IIA while other aspects of the mission are the joint responsibility of IIA and Tel Aviv University. TAUVEX Science Team (TST) have created a coherent observing program to address several Key Areas science objectives, one of them is a program to study short-scale UV transient events. We have estimated that in one year of TAUVEX observations we can expect about 90-350 short-scale transient events. Because we obtain real-time telemetry with TAUVEX, we will be able to catch transients early in their evolution and to alert other observatories. We also present a description of TAUVEX mission, including instrument design and its estimated performance.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, few revisions, accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Science
A Multi-scale Generalized Shrinkage Threshold Network for Image Blind Deblurring in Remote Sensing
Creators: name: Feng, Yujie
name: Yang, Yin
name: Fan, Xiaohong
name: Zhang, Zhengpeng
name: Zhang, Jianping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 54H30, 68U10, 94A08

description: Remote sensing images are essential for many applications of the earth's sciences, but their quality can usually be degraded due to limitations in sensor technology and complex imaging environments. To address this, various remote sensing image deblurring methods have been developed to restore sharp and high-quality images from degraded observational data. However, most traditional model-based deblurring methods usually require predefined {hand-crafted} prior assumptions, which are difficult to handle in complex applications. On the other hand, deep learning-based deblurring methods are often considered as black boxes, lacking transparency and interpretability. In this work, we propose a new blind deblurring learning framework that utilizes alternating iterations of shrinkage thresholds. This framework involves updating blurring kernels and images, with a theoretical foundation in network design. Additionally, we propose a learnable blur kernel proximal mapping module to improve the accuracy of the blur kernel reconstruction. Furthermore, we propose a deep proximal mapping module in the image domain, which combines a generalized shrinkage threshold with a multi-scale prior feature extraction block. This module also incorporates an attention mechanism to learn adaptively the importance of prior information, improving the flexibility and robustness of prior terms, and avoiding limitations similar to hand-crafted image prior terms. Consequently, we design a novel multi-scale generalized shrinkage threshold network (MGSTNet) that focuses specifically on learning deep geometric prior features to enhance image restoration. Experimental results on real and synthetic remote sensing image datasets demonstrate the superiority of our MGSTNet framework compared to existing deblurring methods.
description: 16 pages,Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2024
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504) (11 H 1172), f. 00452
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1497-1504), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1172), f. 00452, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Heuristic Solution to Protect Communications in WDM Networks using P-cycles
Creators: name: Drid, Hamza
name: Cousin, Bernard
name: Molnar, Miklos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optical WDM mesh networks are able to transport huge amount of information. The use of such technology however poses the problem of protection against failures such as fibre cuts. One of the principal methods for link protection used in optical WDM networks is pre-configured protection cycle (p-cycle). The major problem of this method of protection resides in finding the optimal set of p-cycles which protect the network for a given distribution of working capacity. Existing heuristics generate a large set of p-cycle candidates which are entirely independent of the network state, and from then the good sub-set of p-cycles which will protect the network is selected. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm of generation of p-cycles based on the incremental aggregation of the shortest cycles. Our generation of p-cycles depends on the state of the network. This enables us to choose an efficient set of p-cycles which will protect the network. The set of p-cycles that we generate is the final set which will protect the network, in other words our heuristic does not go through the additional step of p-cycle selection
Large-scale spectral bandwidth compression by complex electro-optic temporal phase modulation
Creators: name: Sosnicki, Filip
name: Karpinski, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral-temporal shaping of quantum light has important applications in quantum communications and photonic quantum information processing. Electro-optic temporal lenses have recently been recognized as a tool for noise-free, efficient spectral bandwidth manipulation of single-photon wavepackets. However, standard electro-optic time lenses based on single-tone modulation exhibit limited bandwidth manipulation due to material limitations on phase modulation amplitude. Here we numerically investigate the use of complex electro-optic temporal phase modulation patterns for bandwidth compression of light over multiple orders of magnitude and show the feasibility of their use in photonic interfaces for quantum network applications.
An Unfamiliar Way to Generate the Hierarchy of Standard Model Fermion Masses
Creators: name: Baek, S.
name: Kersten, J.
name: Ko, P.
name: Velasco-Sevilla, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the properties of the observed Higgs boson agree with the Standard Model predictions, the hierarchy of fermion masses lacks an explanation within the model. In this work, we propose a fresh approach to this problem, involving a different Higgs doublet responsible for each quark mass. We construct a model with a gauged, non-anomalous $U(1)$ family symmetry that fixes which fermion couples to which doublet with an $\mathcal{O}(1)$ Yukawa coupling. The hierarchy of masses is generated by the hierarchy of vacuum expectation values of the Higgs fields. The model generically predicts a light, weakly coupled pseudoscalar. We verify that the model satisfies constraints from flavour changing neutral currents, Higgs phenomenology and electroweak precision tests.
description: 37 pages incl. references. Added more discussion on phenomenological implications, additional benchmark points and references
Kobayashi hyperbolicity of the complements of general hypersurfaces of high degree
Creators: name: Brotbek, Damian
name: Deng, Ya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove that in any projective manifold, the complements of general hypersurfaces of sufficiently large degree are Kobayashi hyperbolic. We also provide an effective lower bound on the degree. This confirms a conjecture by S. Kobayashi in 1970. Our proof, based on the theory of jet differentials, is obtained by reducing the problem to the construction of a particular example with strong hyperbolicity properties. This approach relies the construction of higher order logarithmic connections allowing us to construct logarithmic Wronskians. These logarithmic Wronskians are the building blocks of the more general logarithmic jet differentials we are able to construct. As a byproduct of our proof, we prove a more general result on the orbifold hyperbolicity for generic geometric orbifolds in the sense of Campana, with only one component and large multiplicities. We also establish a Second Main theorem type result for holomorphic entire curves intersecting general hypersurfaces, and we prove the Kobayashi hyperbolicity of the cyclic cover of a general hypersurface, again with an explicit lower bound on the degree of all these hypersurfaces.
description: minor revisions; references updated. Accepted for publication in Geometric And Functional Analysis (GAFA)
Dependable k-coverage algorithms for sensor networks
Creators: name: Gyula, Simon
name: Molnar, Miklos
name: Gonczy, Laszlo
name: Cousin, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Redundant sensing capabilities are often required in sensor network applications due to various reasons, e.g. robustness, fault tolerance, or increased accuracy. At the same time high sensor redundancy offers the possibility of increasing network lifetime by scheduling sleep intervals for some sensors and still providing continuous service with help of the remaining active sensors. In this paper centralized and distributed algorithms are proposed to solve the k-coverage sensing problem and maximize network lifetime. When physically possible, the proposed robust Controlled Greedy Sleep Algorithm provides guaranteed service independently of node and communication errors in the network. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated and compared to results of a random solution by simulation examples.
Additional file 2: of An easy-to-build and re-usable microfluidic system for live-cell imaging
Creators: name: Babic, Julien
name: Griscom, Laurent
name: Cramer, Jeremy
name: Coudreuse, Damien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Calibration of the temperature control system. A relationship between the temperatures of the thermalization fluid (Ti, as imposed by Peltier elements), lens (Tlens, as measured by a contact sensor) and sample (Tsample, as measured by deposited metal electrodes on the calibration coverslip) was established (see Methods, chip as in Additional file 4B). With the temperature of the lens, this equation allows for the calculation of the temperature of the thermalization fluid that is necessary to reach the target sample temperature [13]. (PDF 112 kb)
On Enhancing Genetic Algorithms Using New Crossovers
Creators: name: Hassanat, Ahmad B. A.
name: Alkafaween, Esra'a
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper investigates the use of more than one crossover operator to enhance the performance of genetic algorithms. Novel crossover operators are proposed such as the Collision crossover, which is based on the physical rules of elastic collision, in addition to proposing two selection strategies for the crossover operators, one of which is based on selecting the best crossover operator and the other randomly selects any operator. Several experiments on some Travelling Salesman Problems (TSP) have been conducted to evaluate the proposed methods, which are compared to the well-known Modified crossover operator and partially mapped Crossover (PMX) crossover. The results show the importance of some of the proposed methods, such as the collision crossover, in addition to the significant enhancement of the genetic algorithms performance, particularly when using more than one crossover operator.
description: 15 pages and 11 figure
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Fontenay, second fragment (XIIIe siècle), Cart. 201 (15 H 9), folios 47-142, f. 078r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2009
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Fontenay, second fragment (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 201 (15 H 9), folios 47-142. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Fontenay, second fragment (XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 201 (15 H 9), folios 47-142, f. 078r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119679755
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/7874015
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/027691802/id
description: Provenance: abbaye de Fontenay
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q464918
Sémiramis
Creators: name: Roy, Pierre-Charles
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Livret d'Opéra
Tragédie en musique
Académie royale de musique
Première génération d'opéras français
Paris

description: Tragédie représentée par l'Académie royale de musique en 1718. Les paroles sont de Pierre-Charles Roy et la musique d'André-Cardinal Destouches. Le livret est consultable de manière publique par un portail qui donne accès simultanément au fac-similé, à une version du corpus qui respecte la graphie d’origine et une version du corpus normalisé exploitable à travers toutes les fonctionnalités de la plateforme TXM : http://fanum-txm.univ-fcomte.fr/txm/?command=edition&path=/LIVRETSOPERA&editions=facs,originale,normalis%C3%A9e&textid=65_SEMIRAMIS
description: Bibliographic citation: Cote (ELLIADD) : 65_SEMIRAMIS
description: URL TXM : http://fanum-txm.univ-fcomte.fr/txm/?command=edition&path=/LIVRETSOPERA&editions=facs,originale,normalis%C3%A9e&textid=65_SEMIRAMIS
Step Detection Algorithm For Accurate Distance Estimation Using Dynamic Step Length
Creators: name: Abadleh, Ahmad
name: Al-Hawari, Eshraq
name: Alkafaween, Esra'a
name: Al-Sawalqah, Hamad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a new Smartphone sensor based algorithm is proposed to detect accurate distance estimation. The algorithm consists of two phases, the first phase is for detecting the peaks from the Smartphone accelerometer sensor. The other one is for detecting the step length which varies from step to step. The proposed algorithm is tested and implemented in real environment and it showed promising results. Unlike the conventional approaches, the error of the proposed algorithm is fixed and is not affected by the long distance. Keywords distance estimation, peaks, step length, accelerometer.
description: this paper contains of 5 pages and 6 figures
MOESM1 of Value of peripheral blood count for dengue severity prediction
Creators: name: Ralapanawa, Udaya
name: A. Alawattegama
name: Malinga Gunrathne
name: Sampath Tennakoon
name: S. Kularatne
name: Thilak Jayalath
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Discriminatory function of day 3 platelet count and haemoglobin concentration in predicting progression into dengue haemorrhagic fever among female dengue patients. Area under the curve was 0.71 for platelets and 0.50 for haemoglobin. A cut off value with high sensitivity and specificity to predict DHF could be obtained from our sample.
Cosmological model: from initial conditions to structure formation
Creators: name: Lukash, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational cosmology is on the verge of new discoveries that will change the essence of our world-view. The matter concerns origin of initial conditions and physics of dark matter.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Il Nuovo Cimento, an invited talk presented at the conference "A Century of Cosmology : Past, Present and Future" (August 27-31 2007, Venezia, Italy)
An Infrared Study of the Circumstellar Material Associated with the Carbon Star R Sculptoris
Creators: name: Hankins, Matthew J.
name: Herter, Terry L.
name: Maercker, Matthias
name: Lau, Ryan M.
name: Sloan, Gregory C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star R Sculptoris (R Scl) is one of the most extensively studied stars on the AGB. R Scl is a carbon star with a massive circumstellar shell ($M_{shell}\sim 7.3\times10^{-3}~M_{\odot}$) which is thought to have been produced during a thermal pulse event $\sim2200$ years ago. To study the thermal dust emission associated with its circumstellar material, observations were taken with the Faint Object InfraRed CAMera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) at 19.7, 25.2, 31.5, 34.8, and 37.1 $μ$m. Maps of the infrared emission at these wavelengths were used to study the morphology and temperature structure of the spatially extended dust emission. Using the radiative transfer code DUSTY and fitting the spatial profile of the emission, we find that a geometrically thin dust shell cannot reproduce the observed spatially resolved emission. Instead, a second dust component in addition to the shell is needed to reproduce the observed emission. This component, which lies interior to the dust shell, traces the circumstellar envelope of R Scl. It is best fit by a density profile with $n \propto r^α$ where $α=0.75^{+0.45}_{-0.25}$ and dust mass of $M_d=9.0^{+2.3}_{-4.1}\times10^{-6}~M_{\odot}$. The strong departure from an $r^{-2}$ law indicates that the mass-loss rate of R Scl has not been constant. This result is consistent with a slow decline in the post-pulse mass-loss which has been inferred from observations of the molecular gas.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted to ApJ
Effects of geometrical fluctuations on the transition temperature of disordered quasi-one-dimensional superconductors
Creators: name: Orgad, Dror
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the superconducting transition temperature, T_c, of an array of fluctuating, maximally gapped interacting ladders, embedded in a disordered plane. Renormalization group analysis indicates that geometrical fluctuations mitigate the suppression of the intra-ladder pairing correlations by the disorder. In addition, the fluctuations enhance the Josephson tunneling between the ladders. Both effects lead to an increase of T_c in the Josephson coupled array. These findings may be relevant to the understanding of the 1/8 anomaly in the lanthanum based high-temperature superconductors.
description: Expanded published version
Suppression of the elastic scattering cross section for 17Ne + 208Pb system
Creators: name: Heo, Kyoungsu
name: Cheoun, Myung-Ki
name: Choi, Ki-Seok
name: Kim, K. S.
name: So, W. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the elastic scattering, inelastic scattering, breakup reaction, and total fusion reactions of 17Ne + 208Pb system using the optical model (OM) and a coupled channel (CC) approaches. The aim of this study is to elucidate the suppress of the elastic cross-section that is invisible in proton-rich nuclei such as 8B and 17F projectiles but appears in neutron-rich nuclei such as 11Li and 11Be projectiles. The results revealed that this suppression was caused mainly by the nuclear interaction between the projectile and target nucleus rather than the strong Coulomb interaction observed in neutron-rich nuclei and the contributions of Coulomb excitation interaction due to two low-lying E2 resonance states are relatively small. From the simultaneous chi-square analysis of the 17Ne + 208Pb system, we can infer a strong suppression effect in the elastic scattering cross-section due to the nuclear interaction between the projectile and target nucleus, rather than the Coulomb interaction as observed in neutron-rich nuclei. Also, the contribution of the direct reaction, comprising the inelastic scattering and breakup reaction cross-sections, accounted for almost half of the total reaction. Finally, we perform the CC calculation using the parameters obtained from our OM calculation but our CC calculations could not explain the 15O production cross section.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
title: ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð³
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Research of the problems of ecology in the construction and operation of highways
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ°Ð²ÐºÐ¸Ð½, Ð¡ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ»Ð°Ð²
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÐÐ²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¸
ÐÑ ÑÐ°Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
economic efficiency

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð·Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ðµ Ð¸ ÑÐºÑÐ¿Ð»ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð±Ð¸Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð³ Ð¸ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ. ÐÐ°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµ ÑÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð´Ðµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ: 1. ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð·Ð°Ð³ÑÑÐ·Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ; 2. ÐÐ·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ ÐºÐ»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ¹; ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð² Ð Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¤ÐµÐ´ÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¸ Ð² Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ñ; Ð Ð°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ° ÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð° Ð¾ÐºÑÑÐ¶Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ.
description: This work is devoted to the study of the main sources of pollution during the construction and operation of highways and the study of the effectiveness of payment for negative environmental impact. Tasks that were solved during the study: 1. Analysis of the main sources of pollution in the construction and operation of highways; 2. Study of the nature and classification of environmental payments; 3. Analysis of the modern system of payment for negative environmental impact in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries; 4. Development of recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of fees for negative environmental impact.
Additional file 1: of Use of shared care and routine tests in follow-up after treatment for localised cutaneous melanoma
Creators: name: Wei-Yin Lim
name: Turner, Robin
name: Morton, Rachael
name: Jenkins, Marisa
name: Irwig, Les
name: Webster, Angela
name: Mbathio Dieng
name: Saw, Robyn
name: Guitera, Pascale
name: Low, Donald
name: Low, Cynthia
name: Bell, Katy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: 15-item survey questionnaire. Survey questionnaire developed by the investigators, containing 15 questions about shared care and routine test use. (DOCX 15 kb)
An Introduction to Potential Theory in Calibrated Geometry
Creators: name: Harvey, F. Reese
name: Lawson, H. Blaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C38, 32U05, 32U10, 32U40

description: We introduce and study the notion of plurisubharmonic functions in calibrated geometry. These functions generalize the classical plurisubharmonic functions from complex geometry and enjoy their important properties. Moreover, they exist in abundance whereas the corresponding pluriharmonics are generally quite scarce. A number of the results established in complex analysis via plurisubharmonic functions are extended to calibrated manifolds. In particular, the notion of pseudo-convexity for a calibrated manifold (X,ϕ) is introduced and studied. Analogues of totally real submanifolds are also introduced and used to construct enormous families of strictly ϕ-convex spaces with every topological type allowed by Morse Theory. Specific calibrations are used as examples throughout.
description: Minor improvements have been made to the exposition
Non-equilibrium dynamics of polymers and interfaces in random media : conjecture $ψ=d_s/2$ for the barrier exponent
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
name: Garel, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider various random models (directed polymer, random ferromagnets, spin-glasses) in their disorder-dominated phases, where the free-energy cost $F(L)$ of an excitation of length $L$ presents fluctuations that grow as a power-law $ΔF(L) \sim L^θ$ with the 'droplet' exponent $θ$. Within the droplet theory, the energy and entropy of such excitations present fluctuations that grow as $ΔE(L) \sim ΔS(L) \sim L^{d_s/2}$ where $d_s$ is the dimension of the surface of the excitation. These systems usually present a positive 'chaos' exponent $ζ=d_s/2-θ>0$, meaning that the free-energy fluctuation of order $L^θ$ is a near-cancellation of much bigger energy and entropy fluctuations of order $L^{d_s/2}$. Within the standard droplet theory, the dynamics is characterized by a barrier exponent $ψ$ satisfying the bounds $θ\leq ψ\leq d-1$. In this paper, we argue that a natural value for this barrier exponent is $ψ=d_s/2$ : (i) for the directed polymer where $d_s=1$, this corresponds to $ψ=1/2$ in all dimensions; (ii) for disordered ferromagnets where $d_s=d-1$, this corresponds to $ψ=(d-1)/2$; (iii) for spin-glasses where interfaces have a non-trivial dimension $d_s$ known numerically, our conjecture $ψ=d_s/2$ gives numerical predictions in $d=2$ and $d=3$. We compare these values with the available numerical results for each case, in particular with the measure $ψ\simeq 0.49$ of Kolton, Rosso, Giamarchi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 180604 (2005) for the non-equilibrium dynamics of a directed elastic string.
description: 8 pages, comments welcome
Extremal properties of product sets
Creators: name: Ford, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We find nearly the optimal size of a set $A\subset [N] := \{1,...,N\}$ so that the product set $AA$ satisfies either (i) $|AA| \sim |A|^2/2$ or (ii) $|AA| \sim |[N][N]|$. This settles problems raised in a recent article of Cilleruelo, Ramana and Ramare.
description: v2. minor corrections
Annotations on letter B moving from Petrucci’s article
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 34
description: Observations on A. PETRUCCI, Per la storia della scrittura romana: i graffiti di Condatomagos, "Bullettino dell'archivio paleografico italiano", III serie , 1 (1962), 85-132.
description: Source: 4MAR_1_1.3.1-3-1
description: created: n. d.
title: ADCO, Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0263
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0263, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Huitième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1667), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 31 (G 135), 549 folios, f. 0263, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Two $q$-analogues of Euler's formula $ζ(2)=π^2/6$
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known that $ζ(2)=π^2/6$ as discovered by Euler. In this paper we present the following two $q$-analogues of this celebrated formula: $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{q^k(1+q^{2k+1})}{(1-q^{2k+1})^2}=\prod_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(1-q^{2n})^4}{(1-q^{2n-1})^4}$$ and $$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\frac{q^{2k-\lfloor(-1)^kk/2\rfloor}}{(1-q^{2k+1})^2} =\prod_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(1-q^{2n})^2(1-q^{4n})^2}{(1-q^{2n-1})^2(1-q^{4n-2})^2},$$ where $q$ is any complex number with $|q|<1$. We also give a $q$-analogue of the identity $ζ(4)=π^4/90$, and pose a problem on $q$-analogues of Euler's formula for $ζ(2m)\ (m=3,4,\ldots)$.
description: 8 pages
Christian Social Ethics in Sweden
Creators: name: Grenholm, Carl-Henric
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2019

description: Die Christliche Sozialethik in Schweden ist wie die Kirche im Allgemeinen durch die starke Säkularisierung der Gesellschaft geprägt. Sie steht zunächst historisch gewachsen in der Tradition Luthers, darüber hinaus ist der christliche Realismus prägend für das Fach. Daraus resultierend versteht sich die Disziplin als methodisch kritisch arbeitend und im Kontakt zu anderen Disziplinen an den Universitäten. Der Text stellt verschiedene Themenbereiche und Fragenkontexte mit ihrer jeweiligen Verortung an den Instituten dar und skizziert die großen Themenbereiche, die für die Zukunft entscheidend sein können. Dazu zählen u. a. Umweltethik, Menschenrechte, der Dialog zwischen den Religionen, speziell auch in Fragen der Ethik, und die Rolle der Religion im post-säkularen Zeitalter.
description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 60 (2019): Öffentlich-rechtliche Medien
Duality of Positive Currents and Plurisubharmonic Functions in Calibrated Geometry
Creators: name: Harvey, F. Reese
name: Lawson, H. Blaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C38, 32U05, 32U10, 32U40

description: Recently the authors showed that there is a robust potential theory attached to any calibrated manifold (X,ϕ). In particular, on X there exist ϕ-plurisubharmonic functions, ϕ-convex domains, ϕ-convex boundaries, etc., all inter-related and having a number of good properties. In this paper we show that, in a strong sense, the plurisubharmonic functions are the polar duals of the ϕ-submanifolds, or more generally, the ϕ-currents studied in the original paper on calibrations. In particular, we establish an analogue of Duval-Sibony Duality which characterizes points in the ϕ-convex hull of a compact set K in X in terms of ϕ-positive Green's currents on X and Jensen measures on K. We also characterize boundaries of ϕ-currents entirely in terms of ϕ-plurisubharmonic functions. Specific calibrations are used as examples throughout. Analogues of the Hodge Conjecture in calibrated geometry are considered.
description: Minor typographical errors have been corrected
Additional file 1: of An easy-to-build and re-usable microfluidic system for live-cell imaging
Creators: name: Babic, Julien
name: Griscom, Laurent
name: Cramer, Jeremy
name: Coudreuse, Damien
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Fabrication of the temperature control layer with a razor blade and biopsy puncher. The temperature control layer (as in Additional file 4C) can be fabricated in double-sided adhesive (see Methods) with a CO2 laser cutter (left) as well as by hand using a razor blade and biopsy puncher (right). (PDF 699 kb)
Dynamic probes of quantum spin chains with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Derzhko, Oleg
name: Verkholyak, Taras
name: Krokhmalskii, Taras
name: Büttner, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spin-1/2 anisotropic XY chain in a transverse (z) field with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction directed along z-axis in spin space to examine the effect of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the zz, xx and yy dynamic structure factors. Using the Jordan-Wigner fermionization approach we analytically calculate the dynamic transverse spin structure factor. It is governed by a two-fermion excitation continuum. We analyze the effect of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction on the two-fermion excitation continuum. Other dynamic structure factors which are governed by many-fermion excitations are calculated numerically. We discuss how the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction manifests itself in the dynamic properties of the quantum spin chain at various fields and temperatures.
Constraints on the speed of sound in the k-essence model of dark energy
Creators: name: Dinda, Bikash R.
name: Banerjee, Narayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a particular k-essence scalar field model for the late-time cosmic acceleration in which the sound speed, parametrized as $c_s$ is constant. We compute the relevant background and perturbation quantities corresponding to the observables like cosmic microwave background, type Ia supernova, cosmic chronometers, baryon acoustic oscillations, and the $fσ_8$. We put constraints on the $c_s^2$ parameter from these observations along with other parameters. We find lower values of $c_s^2$ which are close to zero are tightly constrained. Particularly, we find mean value of $\log_{\rm 10} (c_s^2)$ to be $-0.61$ and $c_s^2 \leq 10^{-3}$ is more than 3$σ$ away from this mean value. This means these observations favor a homogeneous dark energy component compared to the clustering one.
description: Minor revision, some references added, matches published version