cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Testing of the April 2018 Agricultural Labor Survey
Creators: name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Ott, Kathy
name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Ott, Kathy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Labor
subject: piece rate pay
subject: base wages
subject: incentive wages
subject: overtime wages

description: In 2017, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) was requested to enhance its Agricultural Labor Survey to provide a more reflective gross and base wage rate. To accommodate this request, several changes were made to the survey. These changes were evaluated in iterative rounds of cognitive testing. Results of this testing showed that it was difficult for most respondents to report wage rates and piece rates paid to workers. Respondents, who had the ability to report base wage rates and/or piece rates paid, were not always willing to report this information. However, respondents could, and were willing to, report total base wages and gross wages paid to their workers.
Colocalization of F-actin and talin during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages
Creators: name: Greenberg, Steven
name: Burridge, Keith
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Actin
subject: Phagocytosis
subject: Cytoplasmic filaments
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: We have studied the distribution of talin in J774 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages undergoing Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. At early stages of phagocytosis, talin accumulates in the cells' cortical cytoplasm adjacent to the forming phagosome and extends into pseudopods that are encircling the particle. Talin colocalizes with F-actin at these sites. After particle ingestion is completed, F-actin and talin are no longer concentrated adjacent to phagosomes. Thus, talin and F-actin undergo dynamic and coordinate changes in their cytoplasmic location during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis.
Vortex line density in counterflowing He II with laminar and turbulent normal fluid velocity profiles
Creators: name: Baggaley, A. W.
name: Laizet, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superfluid helium is an intimate mixture of a viscous normal fluid, with continuous vorticity, and an inviscid superfluid, where vorticity is constrained to thin, stable topological defects. One mechanism to generate turbulence in this system is through the application of a heat flux, so called thermal counterflow. Of particular interest is how turbulence in the superfluid responds to both a laminar and turbulent normal fluid in the presence of walls. We model superfluid vortex lines as reconnecting space curves with fixed circulation, and consider both laminar (Poiseuille) and turbulent normal fluid flows in a channel configuration. Using high resolution numerical simulations we show that turbulence in the normal fluid sustains a notably higher vortex line density than a laminar flow with the same mean flow rate. We exam Vinen's relation, $\sqrt{L}=γv_{ns}$, between the steady state vortex line density $L$ and the counterflow velocity $v_{ns}$. Our results support the hypothesis that transition to turbulence in the normal fluid is responsible for the TI to TII transition. We also consider the spectral properties of fluctuations of the superfluid vortices, which show a good agreement with previous experimental results.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, submitted to physics of fluids
Gemfibrozil enhances the listeriacidal effects of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in J774 macrophages
Creators: name: Rudin, D. E.
name: Gao, P. X.
name: Cao, C. X.
name: Neu, H. C.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Fluoroquinolones
subject: Listeria monocytogenes
subject: Macrophages
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: J774 macrophage-like cells express organic anion transporters that promote the efflux of fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as norfloxacin (NFX) from these cells. Gemfibrozil (GFZ) blocks organic anion transport in J774 cells, thereby facilitating the intracellular accumulation of NFX (Cao, C., H.C. Neu, and S.C. Silverstein. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 115:467a [Abstr.]). To determine whether GFZ enhances the efficacy of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against intracellular bacterial pathogens, J774 cells were infected with Listeria monocytogenes and incubated in medium containing a fluoroquinolone antibiotic in the presence or absence of GFZ. Intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes was evaluated by lysing J774 cells and assaying for colony-forming units of Listeria. GFZ intensified the bacteriostatic effect of 4 micrograms/ml NFX and rendered 8 micrograms/ml bactericidal for L. monocytogenes. GFZ had a similar potentiating effect when used in combination with 2 micrograms/ml ciprofloxacin (CFX). CFX plus GFZ was bactericidal for intracellular L. monocytogenes. Treatment of J774 cells with NFX plus GFZ markedly reduced the cytotoxic effect of the bacteria on these cells. Over 55% of cells treated with 8 micrograms/ml NFX alone were dead 16 h after infection, whereas only 5% of cells treated with 8 micrograms/ml NFX plus GFZ were dead at 16 h. Similarly, GFZ potentiated the ability of 2 micrograms/ml to protect J774 cells against the cytocidal effect of Listeria. NFX in combination with GFZ limited cell-to-cell spread of L. monocytogenes. In antibiotic-free medium, > 99% of J774 cells contained intracellular L. monocytogenes at 14 h after infection. NFX alone in the medium did not change this outcome. However, 4 micrograms/ml NFX plus GFZ decreased bacterial spread by approximately 40% at 24 h postinfection, and 8 micrograms/ml NFX plus GFZ prevented all spread beyond the initially infected cell population. These results suggest that GFZ could be used clinically to enhance the efficacy of fluoroquinolone and of other anionic antibiotics against bacteria that grow and/or reside within macrophages and/or other cells.
Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs in macrophages without an increase in average [Ca++]i
Creators: name: McNeil, P. L.
name: Swanson, Joel A.
name: Wright, S. D.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
name: Taylor, D. L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Cytology--Research
subject: Calcium ions--Physiological effect
subject: Phagocytosis
subject: Macrophages
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: The calcium ion has been implicated as a cytosolic signal or regulator in phagocytosis. Using the Ca++-sensitive photoprotein aequorin we have measured intracellular free Ca++ ion concentration ([Ca++]i) in thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages during phagocytosis and IgG-induced spreading. Macrophages plated on glass were loaded with aequorin and [Ca++]i was then measured from cell populations, both as previously described (McNeil, P. L., and D. L. Taylor, 1985, Cell Calcium, 6:83-92). Aequorin indicated a resting [Ca++]i in adherent macrophages of 84 nM and was responsive to changes in [Ca++]i induced by the addition of Mg-ATP (0.1 mM) or serum to medium. However, during the 15 min required for phagocytosis of seven or eight IgG-coated erythrocytes per macrophage loaded with aequorin, we measured no change in [Ca++]i. Similarly, the ligation of Fc-receptors that occurs when macrophages spread on immune complex-coated coverslips did not change macrophage [Ca++]i. In contrast, a rise in [Ca++]i of macrophages was measured during phagocytosis occurring in a serum-free saline of pH 7.85, and as a consequence of incubation with quin2 A/M. We estimate that had a change in [Ca++]i occurred during phagocytosis, aequorin would have detected a rise from 0.1 to 1.0 microM taking place in as little as 2% of the macrophage's cytoplasmic volume. We therefore suggest that either Ca++ is not involved as a cytoplasmic signal for phagocytosis or that increases in [Ca++]i during phagocytosis are confined to such small regions of cytoplasm as to be below the limits of detection by our cellular averaging method. Our data emphasizes, moreover, the need for well-defined, nonperturbing conditions in such measurements of [Ca++]i.
High-contrast Coherent Population Trapping based on Crossed Polarizers Method
Creators: name: Yano, Yuichiro
name: Goka, Shigeyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed a method based on crossed polarizers to observe high-contrast coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance. Since crossed polarizers have a simple optical system, our method is suitable for chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs). We calculated the Faraday rotation in CPT in a linearly polarized light field (lin || lin) using two pairs of lambda system models based on the density matrix and estimated the spectrum of the Faraday rotation. After that, we measured the contrast and linewidth with the crossed polarizers method. A comparison of the theoretical model and experiment data showed they were in good agreement. Moreover, the experimental results showed that a high contrast (88.4 %) and narrow linewidth (1.15 kHz) resonance could be observed using a Cs gas cell and D1-line vertical-cavity surfaceemitting laser (VCSEL).
description: 8 pages, 15 figures
Hylella Cappellei Van Lidth
Creators: name: Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó
name: Van, Lars W.
name: Ostende, Den Hoek
name: Arntzen, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Centrolenidae
Hylella

description: Hylella Cappellei Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904
Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904. Notes Leyden Mus., 25: 94.
 Current name: Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni (Boettger, 1893)
Holotype: RMNH 4463, 1 spec. Loc.: “river Saramacca and its neighbourhood” [Suriname]. Leg.: Saramacca Expeditie, 1903.
description: Published as part of Miracle, Eulàlia Gassó, Van, Lars W., Ostende, Den Hoek & Arntzen, Jan Willem, 2007, Type specimens of amphibians in the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, pp. 25-68 in Zootaxa 1482 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.176896
Macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable organic anion transporters that remove fluorescent dyes from the cytoplasmic matrix
Creators: name: Steinberg, Thomas H.
name: Newman, Alan S.
name: Swanson, Joel A.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Cytology--Research
subject: Ions--Physiological transport
subject: Macrophages
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: We introduced several membrane-impermeant fluorescent dyes, including Lucifer Yellow, carboxyfluorescein, and fura-2, into the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 cells and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages by ATP permeabilization of the plasma membrane and observed the subsequent fate of these dyes. The dyes did not remain within the cytoplasmic matrix; instead they were sequestered within phase-lucent cytoplasmic vacuoles and released into the extracellular medium. We used Lucifer Yellow to study these processes further. In cells incubated at 37 degrees C, 87% of Lucifer Yellow was released from the cells within 30 min after dye loading. The dye that remained within the cells at this time was predominantly within cytoplasmic vacuoles. Lucifer yellow transport was temperature dependent and occurred against a concentration gradient; therefore it appeared to be an energy-requiring process. The fluorescent dyes used in these studies are all organic anions. We therefore examined the ability of probenecid (p-[dipropylsulfamoyl]benzoic acid), which blocks organic anion transport across many epithelia, to inhibit efflux of Lucifer Yellow, and found that this drug inhibited this process in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. Efflux of Lucifer Yellow from the cells did not require Na+ co-transport or Cl- antiport; however, it was inhibited by lowering of the extracellular pH. These experiments indicate that macrophages possess probenecid-inhibitable transporters which are similar in their functional properties to organic anion transporters of epithelial cells. Such organic anion transporters have not been described previously in macrophages; they may mediate the release of naturally occurring organic anions such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, glutathione, bilirubin, or lactate from macrophages.
Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller 1904
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Otariidae
Arctocephalus
Arctocephalus galapagoensis

description: Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller, 1904. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, 3(7):245. TYPE LOCALITY: Galapagos Isis., Wenman Isl. (Ecuador). DISTRIBUTION: Galapagos Isis. COMMENT: Reviewed by Clark, 1975, Mamm. Species, 64:1-2. Considered conspecific with australis by Scheffer, 1958, Seals, sealions, and walruses, Stanford Univ. Press, 179 pp. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413001001003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 284, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Clark, T. W. 1975. Arctocephalus galapagoensis. Mammalian Species, 64: 1 - 2.", "Scheffer, V. B. 1958. Seals, sea lions, and walruses, a review of the Pinnipedia. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 179 pp."]}
Specialty Crop Participation in Federal Risk Management Programs
Creators: name: Skorbiansky, Sharon Raszap
name: Astill, Gregory
name: Rosch, Stephanie
name: Higgins, Elizabeth
name: Ifft, Jennifer
name: Rickard, Bradley
name: Skorbiansky, Sharon Raszap
name: Astill, Gregory
name: Rosch, Stephanie
name: Higgins, Elizabeth
name: Ifft, Jennifer
name: Rickard, Bradley
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Specialty crops
subject: risk management
subject: crop insurance
subject: noninsured crop disaster assistance
subject: organics
subject: Federal Crop Insurance Program
subject: FCIP
subject: Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program
subject: NAP

description: This study characterizes recent changes in Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) and Noninsured Crop Disaster Program (NAP) use by specialty crop farmers, compares differences among conventional and organic farms, and investigates the reasons some farmers choose whether to participate in these programs. Specialty crop growers increased the value of their crops insured by FCIP products from about $12 billion in 2011 to about $21 billion in 2020 (not adjusted for inflation). A case study of nine specialty crop growers in New York State explores reasons they choose whether to participate in these Federal programs.
Anekdoten zur Todesgeschichte des verfolgten Pater Nonos Gschall, Benediktiner am Stift Oberalteich in Bayern; 1781
Creators: name: Rothammer, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Hrsg. ermittelt. - In Fraktur
Functoriality of the center of an algebra
Creators: name: Davydov, Alexei
name: Kong, Liang
name: Runkel, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The notion of the center of an algebra over a field k has a far reaching generalization to algebras in monoidal categories. The center then lives in the monoidal center of the original category. This generalization plays an important role in the study of bulk-boundary duality of rational conformal field theories. In this paper, we study functorial properties of the center. We show that it gives rise to a 2-functor from the bicategory of semisimple indecomposable module categories over a fusion category to the bicategory of commutative algebras in the monoidal center of this fusion category. Morphism spaces of the latter bicategory are extended from algebra homomorphisms to certain categories of cospans. We conjecture that the above 2-functor arises from a lax 3-functor between tricategories, and that in this setting one can relax the conditions from fusion categories to finite tensor categories. We briefly outline how one is naturally lead to the above 2-functor when studying rational conformal field theory with defects of all codimensions. For example, the cospans of the target bicategory correspond to spaces of defect fields and to the bulk-defect operator product expansions.
description: 74 pages, 4 figures
Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages
Creators: name: Greenberg, Steven
name: Chang, Peter D.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Fc receptors
subject: Macrophages
subject: Tyrosine
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: Although Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis is accompanied by a variety of transmembrane signaling events, not all signaling events are required for particle ingestion. For example, Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse inflammatory macrophages (Di Virgilio, F., B. C. Meyer, S. Greenberg, and S. C. Silverstein. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 106:657; Greenberg, S., J. El Khoury, F. Di Virgilio, and S. C. Silverstein. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 113:757) and neutrophils (Della Bianca, V., M. Grzeskowiak, and F. Rossi. 1990. J. Immunol. 144:1411) occurs in the absence of cytosolic calcium transients. We sought to identify transmembrane signaling events that are essential for phagocytosis. Here we show that tyrosine phosphorylation is an early event after Fc receptor ligation in mouse inflammatory macrophages, and that the formation of tyrosine phosphoproteins coincides temporally with the appearance of F-actin beneath phagocytic cups. The distribution of tyrosine phosphoproteins that accumulated beneath phagocytic cups was punctate and corresponded to areas of high ligand density on the surface of the antibody-coated red blood cells, which provided the phagocytic stimulus. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, but not several inhibitors of protein kinase C, blocked the appearance of tyrosine phosphoproteins as assessed by immunofluorescence, the focal accumulation of F-actin beneath immunoglobulin G-opsonized particles, and the ingestion of these particles as well. We suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation is a critical signaling event that underlies Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages, and is necessary for the engulfment per se.
Reporting Contract Labor on the Agricultural Labor Survey
Creators: name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Ott, Kathy
name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Ott, Kathy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: agricultural labor
subject: contract labor
subject: wages

description: The Agricultural Labor Survey collects comprehensive information on workers hired and paid directly by U.S. farms and ranches to do agricultural work. However, it does not collect information on farm labor hired and paid through third-party contractors. In 2018, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) explored options for measuring contract labor on U.S. farms and ranches. NASS developed and tested a new survey targeting farm labor contractors, which was similar in content to the Agricultural Labor Survey. However, testing revealed it was not feasible to survey this population. An alternative solution was explored – asking farm and ranch operators to report information on their contract laborers. In the current study, five exploratory interviews were conducted to assess farm operators’ ability to report detailed information on their contract labor. The following report provides a summary of the findings from these interviews.
Multi-strange baryon production in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
Creators: name: Colella, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of $Ξ^{-}$ and $Ω^{-}$ baryons and their anti-particles in Pb-Pb and pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV has been measured by the ALICE collaboration. The transverse momentum spectra at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.5) in pp and Pb-Pb collisions for five centrality intervals have been compared with model predictions. Hyperon yields and spectra in Pb-Pb collisions, normalized to the corresponding measurements in pp at the same centre-of-mass energy, allow the study of the strangeness enhancement and the nuclear modification factor as a function of the transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) and collision centrality.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of the Strangeness in Quark Matter Conference (SQM 2013), 22nd - 27th July 2013, published by the Open Access Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS), in the IOP conference series
Tubular lysosomes accompany stimulated pinocytosis in macrophages
Creators: name: Swanson, Joel A.
name: Burke, Eugene
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Pinocytosis
subject: Lysosomes
subject: Macrophages
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: A network of tubular lysosomes extends through the cytoplasm of J774.2 macrophages and phorbol ester-treated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The presence of this network is dependent upon the integrity of cytoplasmic microtubules and correlates with high cellular rates of accumulation of Lucifer Yellow (LY), a marker of fluid phase pinocytosis. We tested the hypothesis that the efficiency of LY transfer between the pinosomal and lysosomal compartments is increased in the presence of tubular lysosomes by asking how conditions that deplete the tubular lysosome network affect pinocytic accumulation of LY. Tubular lysosomes were disassembled in cells treated with microtubule-depolymerizing drugs or in cells that had phagocytosed latex beads. In unstimulated peritoneal macrophages, which normally contain few tubular lysosomes and which exhibit relatively inefficient transfer of pinocytosed LY to lysosomes, such treatments had little effect on pinocytosis. However, in J774 macrophages and phorbol ester-stimulated peritoneal macrophages, these treatments markedly reduced the efficiency of pinocytic accumulation of LY. We conclude that a basal level of solute accumulation via pinocytosis proceeds independently of the tubular lysosomes, and that an extended tubular lysosomal network contributes to the elevated rates of solute accumulation that accompany macrophage stimulation. Moreover, we suggest that the transformed mouse macrophage cell line J774 exhibits this stimulated pinocytosis constitutively.
Fibrin regulates neutrophil migration in response to interleukin 8, leukotriene B4, tumor necrosis factor, and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine
Creators: name: Loike, John D.
name: El Khoury, Joseph
name: Cao, Long
name: Richards, C. P.
name: Rascoff, H.
name: Mandeville, J. T. H.
name: Maxfield, F. R.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Chemotaxis
subject: Interleukin-8
subject: Fibrin
subject: Neutrophils
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: We have examined the capacity of four different chemoattractants/cytokines to promote directed migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through three-dimensional gels composed of extracellular matrix proteins. About 20% of PMN migrated through fibrin gels and plasma clots in response to a gradient of interleukin 8 (IL-8) or leukotriene B4 (LTB4). In contrast, < 0.3% of PMN migrated through fibrin gels in response to a gradient of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). All four chemoattractants stimulated PMN to migrate through gels composed of collagen IV or of basement membrane proteins (Matrigel), or through filters to which fibronectin or fibrinogen had been adsorbed. PMN stimulated with TNF or FMLP adhered and formed zones of close apposition to fibrin, as measured by the exclusion of a 10-kD rhodamine-polyethylene glycol probe from the contact zones between PMN and the underlying fibrin gel. By this measure, IL-8- or LTB4-treated PMN adhered loosely to fibrin, since 10 kD rhodamine-polyethylene glycol permeated into the contact zones between these cells and the underlying fibrin gel. PMN stimulated with FMLP and IL-8, or FMLP and LTB4, exhibited very little migration through fibrin gels, and three times as many of these cells excluded 10 kD rhodamine-polyethylene glycol from their zones of contact with fibrin as PMN stimulated with IL-8 or LTB4 alone. These results show that PMN chemotaxis is regulated by both the nature of the chemoattractant and the composition of the extracellular matrix; they suggest that certain combinations of chemoattractants and matrix proteins may limit leukocyte movements and promote their localization in specific tissues in vivo.
Non-relativistic model for interaction of dark particles with matter
Creators: name: Takibayev, Nurgali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.7.2
subject: 81U10, 34L25

description: A non-relativistic quantum mechanical model for interaction of dark particles with matter is proposed; the model describes resonant amplification of effective interaction between two massive bodies at large distances between them. The phenomenon is explained by catalytic action by a third dark particle scattered at a system of two heavy bodies. It is shown that effective interaction between the heavy bodies is changed at large distances and can transform into repulsion contributing in that case to the dark energy action.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Advanced Studies in Theoretical Physics. It is not possible to make changes without generating a new version: inserted a new and clear Title and a new abstract, added a section for new arguments and explanation, added and change links, added new figures, results unchanged. The previous version contained 10 pages and 2 figures
Arctocephalus gazella
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Otariidae
Arctocephalus
Arctocephalus gazella

description: Arctocephalus gazella (Peters, 1875). Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 396. TYPE LOCALITY: Kerguelen Isis. (France). DISTRIBUTION: Islands S. of Antarctic convergence (Kerguelen, S. Sandwich, S. Orkney, Heard, Bouver, S. Georgia, S. Shetland Isis). PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413001001004001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 284, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Schottky-to-Ohmic Crossover in Carbon Nanotube Transistor Contacts
Creators: name: Perebeinos, Vasili
name: Tersoff, Jerry
name: Haensch, Wilfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For carbon nanotube transistors, as for graphene, the electrical contacts are a key factor limiting device performance. We calculate the device characteristics as a function of nanotube diameter and metal workfunction. Although the on-state current varies continuously, the transfer characteristics reveal a relatively abrupt crossover from Schottky to ohmic contacts. We find that typical high-performance devices fall surprisingly close to the crossover. Surprisingly, tunneling plays an important role even in this regime, so that current fails to saturate with gate voltage as was expected due to "source exhaustion".
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Complementary roles for scavenger receptor A and CD36 of human monocyte-derived macrophages in adhesion to surfaces coated with oxidized low-density lipoproteins and in secretion of H2O2
Creators: name: Maxeiner, Horst
name: Husemann, Jens
name: Thomas, Christian A.
name: El Khoury, Joseph
name: Loike, John D.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Low density lipoproteins
subject: Hydrogen peroxide
subject: Macrophages
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine

description: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is considered one of the principal effectors of atherogenesis. To explore mechanisms by which oxLDL affects human mononuclear phagocytes, we incubated these cells in medium containing oxLDL, acetylated LDL (acLDL), or native LDL, or on surfaces coated with these native and modified lipoproteins. The presence of soluble oxLDL, acLDL, or native LDL in the medium did not stimulate H2O2 secretion by macrophages. In contrast, macrophages adherent to surfaces coated with oxLDL secreted three- to fourfold more H2O2 than macrophages adherent to surfaces coated with acLDL or native LDL. Freshly isolated blood monocytes secreted little H2O2 regardless of the substrate on which they were plated. H2O2 secretion was maximal in cells maintained for 4–6 d in culture before plating on oxLDL-coated surfaces. Fucoidan, a known ligand of class A macrophage scavenger receptors (MSR-A), significantly reduced macrophage adhesion to surfaces coated with oxLDL or acLDL. Monoclonal antibody SMO, which blocks oxLDL binding to CD36, did not inhibit adhesion of macrophages to oxLDL-coated surfaces but markedly reduced H2O2 secretion by these cells. These studies show that MSR-A is primarily responsible for adhesion of macrophages to oxLDL-coated surfaces, that CD36 signals H2O2 secretion by macrophages adherent to these surfaces, and that substrate-bound, but not soluble, oxLDL stimulates H2O2 secretion by macrophages.
Differential regulation of β1 integrins by chemoattractants regulates neutrophil migration through fibrin
Creators: name: Loike, John D.
name: Cao, Long
name: Budhu, Sadna
name: Marcantonio, Eugene E.
name: El Khoury, Joseph
name: Hoffman, Stanley
name: Yednock, Ted A.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Integrins
subject: Chemotaxis
subject: Neutrophils
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Chemoattractants differ in their capacity to stimulate neutrophils to adhere to and to migrate through matrices containing fibrin. Formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulates neutrophils to adhere closely to, but not to migrate into, fibrin gels. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) stimulates neutrophils to adhere loosely to and to migrate through fibrin gels. We report that α5β1 integrins regulate the different migratory behaviors on fibrin gels of neutrophils in response to these chemoattractants. fMLP, but not LTB4, activated neutrophil β1 integrins, as measured by binding of mAb 15/7 to an activation epitope on the β1 integrins. Antibodies or peptides that block α5β1 integrins prevented fMLP-stimulated neutrophils from forming zones of close apposition on fibrin and reversed fMLP's inhibitory effect on neutrophil chemotaxis through fibrin. In contrast, neither peptides nor antibodies that block β1 integrins affected the capacity of LTB4-stimulated neutrophils to form zones of loose apposition or to migrate through fibrin gels. These results suggest that chemoattractants generate at least two different messages that direct neutrophils, and perhaps other leukocytes, to accumulate at specific anatomic sites: a general message that induces neutrophils to crawl and a specific message that prepares neutrophils to stop when they contact appropriate matrix proteins for activated β1 integrins.
Polyakov loop fluctuations in SU(3) lattice gauge theory and an effective gluon potential
Creators: name: Lo, Pok Man
name: Friman, Bengt
name: Kaczmarek, Olaf
name: Redlich, Krzysztof
name: Sasaki, Chihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Polyakov loop susceptibilities in the SU(3) lattice gauge theory using the Symanzik improved gauge action on different-sized lattices. The longitudinal and transverse fluctu- ations of the Polyakov loop, as well as, that of its absolute value are considered. We analyze their properties in relation to the confinement-deconfinement phase transition. We also present results based on simulations of (2+1)-flavor QCD on 32^3 x 8 lattice using Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ) action by the HotQCD collaboration. The influences of fermions on the Polyakov loop fluctuations are discussed. We show, that ratios of different susceptibilities of the Polyakov loop are sensitive probes for critical behavior. We formulate an effective model for the Polyakov loop potential and constrain its parameters from existing quenched lattice data including fluctuations. We emphasize the role of fluctuations to fully explore the thermodynamics of pure gauge theory within an effective approach.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures
Arctocephalus philippii
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Otariidae
Arctocephalus
Arctocephalus philippii

description: Arctocephalus philippii (Peters, 1866). Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 396. TYPE LOCALITY: Juan Fernandez Isl., Robinson Crusoe Isl. (Chile). DISTRIBUTION: Juan Fernandez Isis. COMMENT: Formerly included in Arctophoca; see Repenning et al., 1971, Antarct. Res. Ser., 18:1 -34. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Arctocephalus spp. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413001001005001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 284, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
description: {"references": ["Repenning, C. A., R. S. Peterson, and C. L. Hubbs. 1971. Contributions to the systematics of the southern fur seals, with particular reference to the Juan Fernandez and Guadalupe species. Antarctic Research Series, 18: 1 - 34."]}
Protection from Lethal Gram-Positive Infection by Macrophage Scavenger Receptor–Dependent Phagocytosis
Creators: name: Thomas, Christian A.
name: Li, Yongmei
name: Kodama, Tatsuhiko
name: Suzuki, Hiroshi
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
name: El Khoury, Joseph
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Phagocytosis
subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: Gram-positive bacteria
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Infections with gram-positive bacteria are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Opsonin-dependent phagocytosis plays a major role in protection against and recovery from gram-positive infections. Inborn and acquired defects in opsonin generation and/or recognition by phagocytes are associated with an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. In contrast, the physiological significance of opsonin-independent phagocytosis is unknown. Type I and II class A scavenger receptors (SR-AI/II) recognize a variety of polyanions including bacterial cell wall products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), suggesting a role for SR-AI/II in innate immunity to bacterial infections. Here, we show that SR-AI/II–deficient mice (MSR-A−/−) are more susceptible to intraperitoneal infection with a prototypic gram-positive pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, than MSR-A+/+ control mice. MSR-A−/− mice display an impaired ability to clear bacteria from the site of infection despite normal killing of S. aureus by neutrophils and die as a result of disseminated infection. Opsonin-independent phagocytosis of gram-positive bacteria by MSR-A−/− macrophages is significantly decreased although their phagocytic machinery is intact. Peritoneal macrophages from control mice phagocytose a variety of gram-positive bacteria in an SR-AI/II–dependent manner. Our findings demonstrate that SR-AI/II mediate opsonin-independent phagocytosis of gram-positive bacteria, and provide the first evidence that opsonin-independent phagocytosis plays a critical role in host defense against bacterial infections in vivo.
Relationship Inference with Low-Coverage Whole Genome Sequencing on Forensic Samples
Creators: name: Nagraj, V.P.
name: Scholz, Matthew
name: Jessa, Shakeel
name: Ge, Jianye
name: Woerner, August E.
name: Peters, Dixie
name: Budowle, Bruce
name: Coble, Michael D.
name: Turner, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Poster presented at the 2022 International Symposium on Human Identification Conference. Background: SNP-based kinship analysis is now a cornerstone of modern forensic genomics. Imputation can be used to augment genome-wide SNP data from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (LCWGS). The impact of imputation after LCWGS on genotyping error and its subsequent impact on kinship analysis is unknown. Methods: We assessed the impact of LCWGS + imputation on genotyping error using 1× LCWGS and unidentified human remains (UHR) paired with direct reference samples (DRS). We characterized genotyping error before and after implementing post-imputation filters on quality and allele frequency. We used these empirically derived error rates to simulate genotyping data in large pedigrees where the true relationships were known. We assess the impact of LCWGS + imputation on kinship analysis by evaluating the classification accuracy of methods representing two classes of SNP-based kinship methods. Results: Post-imputation filtering on posterior genotype probabilities and minor allele frequency in reference populations improves genotyping accuracy. These improvements result in increased accuracy of tools for SNP-based kinship analysis. When using IBD segment detection to determine relatedness, counting smaller IBD segments can be used to increase accuracy when error is high without increasing false positive relationship inferences when genotyping error is minimal. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that imputation and post-imputation filtering can improve the accuracy of methods to infer relationships between samples where sequencing was performed at low coverage, whether by design to increase throughput, or by necessity given degraded, low input, or contaminated samples. LCWGS + imputation represents a viable path forward for relationship inference in forensic genomics.
What do university rankings by fields rank? Exploring discrepancies between the organizational structure of universities and bibliometric classifications
Creators: name: Robinson-Garcia, Nicolas
name: Calero-Medina, Clara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: University rankings by fields are usually based on the research output of universities. However, research managers and rankings consumers expect to see in such fields a reflection of the structure of their own organizational institution. In this study we address such misinterpretation by developing the research profile of the organizational units of two Spanish universities: University of Granada and Pompeu Fabra University. We use two classification systems, the subject categories offered by Thomson Scientific which are commonly used on bibliometric studies, and the 37 disciplines displayed by the Spanish I-UGR Rankings which are constructed from an aggregation of the former. We also describe in detail problems encountered when working with address data from a top down approach and we show differences between universities structures derived from the interdisciplinary organizational forms of new managerialism at universities. We conclude by highlighting that rankings by fields should clearly state the methodology for the construction of such fields. We indicate that the construction of research profiles may be a good solution for universities for finding out levels of discrepancy between organizational units and subject fields.
description: Paper published in Scientometrics
Cyclic reformation of a quasi-parallel bow shock at Mercury: MESSENGER observations
Creators: name: Sundberg, Torbjörn
name: Boardsen, Scott A.
name: Slavin, James A.
name: Uritsky, Vadim M.
name: Anderson, Brian J.
name: Korth, Haje
name: Gershman, Daniel J.
name: Raines, Jim M.
name: Zurbuchen, Thomas H.
name: Solomon, Sean C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Magnetospheric physics
subject: Astrophysics
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Planetology

description: [1] We here document with magnetic field observations a passage of the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft through Mercury's magnetosphere under conditions of a quasi-parallel bow shock, i.e., when the direction of the upstream interplanetary magnetic field was within 45° of the bow shock normal. The spacecraft's fast transition of the magnetosheath and the steady solar wind conditions during the period analyzed allow both spatial and temporal properties of the shock crossing to be investigated. The observations show that the shock reformation process can be nearly periodic under stable solar wind conditions. Throughout the 25-min-long observation period, the pulsation duration deviated by at most ~10% from the average 10 s period measured. This quasiperiodicity allows us to study all aspects of the shock reconfiguration, including ultra-low-frequency waves in the upstream region and large-amplitude magnetic structures observed in the vicinity of the magnetosheath-solar wind transition region and inside the magnetosheath. We also show that bow shock reformation can be a substantial source of wave activity in the magnetosphere, on this occasion having given rise to oscillations in the magnetic field with peak-to-peak amplitudes of 40–50 nT over large parts of the dayside magnetosphere. The clean and cyclic behavior observed throughout the magnetosphere, the magnetosheath, and the upstream region indicates that the subsolar region was primarily influenced by a cyclic reformation of the shock front, rather than by a spatial and temporal patchwork of short large-amplitude magnetic structures, as is generally the case at the terrestrial bow shock under quasi-parallel conditions.
Semiclassical and quantum behavior of the Mixmaster model in the polymer approach
Creators: name: Lecian, Orchidea Maria
name: Montani, Giovanni
name: Moriconi, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the quantum dynamics of the Bianchi Type IX model, as described in the so-called polymer representation of quantum mechanics, to characterize the modifications that a discrete na- ture in the anisotropy variables of the Universe induces on the morphology of the cosmological sin- gularity. We first perform a semiclassical analysis, to be regarded as the zeroth-order approximation of a WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) approximation of the quantum dynamics, and demonstrate how the features of polymer quantum mechanics are able to remove the chaotic properties of the Bianchi IX dynamics. Then, we address the study of the full quantum dynamics of this model in the polymer representation and analyze the two cases, in which the Bianchi IX spatial curvature does not affect the wave-packet behavior, as well as the instance, for which it plays the role of an infinite potential confining the dynamics of the anisotropic variables. The main development of this analysis consists of investigating how, differently from the standard canonical quantum evolution, the high quantum number states are not preserved arbitrarily close to the cosmological singularity. This property emerges as a consequence, on one hand, of the no longer chaotic features of the classical dynamics (on which the Misner analysis is grounded), and, on the other hand, of the impossibility to remove the quantum effect due to the spatial curvature. In the polymer picture, the quantum evolution of the Bianchi IX model remains always significantly far from the semiclassical behavior, as far as both the wave-packet spread and the occupation quantum numbers are concerned. As a result, from a quantum point of view, the Mixmaster dynamics loses any predictivity characterization for the discrete nature of the Universe anisotropy.
description: 18 pages, 24 figures
Sub-Saharan Africa’s Reliance on Oil Exports Leads to Decline in Agricultural Imports During Pandemic
Creators: name: Gerval, Adam
name: Hansen, James
name: Gerval, Adam
name: Hansen, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022

description: Sub-Saharan Africa is a region characterized by economies with growing populations, rising per capita incomes, and increasing urbanization. Despite being markers for significant market growth, these traits also can be symptomatic of economic development struggles that jeopardize stability in trade relationships. For example, most Sub-Saharan African countries depend almost exclusively on revenues and foreign exchange from the export of a high-value commodity such as oil.
Respondents’ Reactions to Proposed Text Messaging
Creators: name: Ridolfo, Heather
name: Ridolfo, Heather
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Text messaging
subject: pre-notification
subject: communication

description: In 2018, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducted a test to examine the feasibility of sending text messages to respondents with known cell phone numbers, notifying them that the September Agricultural Survey was on its way. As a follow up to this test, personal interviews were conducted to gather respondents’ reactions to these types of text alerts. In general, respondents had a positive reaction to text alerts. Respondents indicated that receiving a pre-notification via text was helpful; however, some respondents indicated that they would rather receive survey reminders via text. Although, the idea of text alerts was well-received, some of the message content was off-putting. In addition, respondents felt an opt-out feature was needed.