cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Parameters of Herbig Ae/Be and Vega-type stars
Creators: name: Montesinos, Benjamin
name: Eiroa, Carlos
name: Mora, Alcione
name: Merin, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the determination of the effective temperature, gravity, metallicity, mass, luminosity and age of 27 young early-type stars, most of them in the age range 1-10 Myr, and three -suspected- hot companions of post-T Tauri stars belonging to the Lindroos binary sample. Most of these objects show IR excesses in their spectral energy distributions, which are indicative of the presence of disks. The work is relevant in the fields of stellar physics, physics of disks and formation of planetary systems. Spectral energy distributions and mid-resolution spectra were used to estimate the effective temperature. The comparison of the profiles of the Balmer lines with synthetic profiles provides the value of the stellar gravity. High-resolution optical observations and synthetic spectra are used to estimate the metallicity, [M/H]. Once these three parameters are known for each star, evolutionary tracks and isochrones provide estimations of the mass, luminosity, age and distance (or upper limits in some cases). The method is original in the sense that it is distance-independent, i.e. the estimation of the stellar parameters does not require, as it happens in other works, the knowledge of the distance to the object. A detailed discussion on some individual objects, in particular VV Ser, RR Tau, 49 Cet and the three suspected hot companions of post-T Tauris, is presented. The paper also shows the difficulty posed by the morphology and behaviour of the system star+disk in the computation of the stellar parameters.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
The Turbulent Heating Rate in Strong MHD Turbulence with Nonzero Cross Helicity
Creators: name: Chandran, Benjamin D. G.
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Howes, Gregory G.
name: Hollweg, Joseph V.
name: Dorland, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different results for the cascade power in strong, incompressible MHD turbulence with nonzero cross helicity appear in the literature. In this paper, we discuss the conditions under which these different results are valid. We define z+ to be the rms amplitude of Alfven waves propagating parallel to the background magnetic field, and z- to be the rms amplitude of Alfven waves propagating anti-parallel to the background magnetic field. Nonzero cross helicity implies that z+ and z- differ, and we take z- to be less than z+. We find that the mechanism that generates the z- fluctuations strongly affects the cascade power, because it controls the coherence time for interactions between oppositely directed wave packets at the outer scale. In particular, for fixed values of z+ and z-, the cascade power is in many cases larger when the z- fluctuations are generated by the reflection of z+ fluctuations than when the z- fluctuations are generated by forcing that is only weakly correlated with the z+ fluctuations.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Economic Development of Thailand: An Analysis of the Agricultural Sector
Creators: name: Soparatana, Thamnoon
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: This study takes a look at government aid to agriculture in Thailand and attempts to analyze its effectiveness. Only two crops have been aided directly by the government, rice and rubber, though others have undoubtedly benefitted by improvements in the country's infrastructure. The regressions performed on some simple production functions indicate that rice yields have been improved through government programs. The program for rubber largely a subsidy for new plantings, ha as yet not had much impact on yields. This maybe due to the fact that the pay-off period is at least seven years. There is also some evidence that maize yields have improved through the opening of new lands by highway and rail. The rest of agriculture in Thailand still largely relies on nature and the Gods to determine output. It may well be true for a change.
Quantum corrections during inflation and conservation of adiabatic perturbations
Creators: name: Campo, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility that quantum corrections break the conservation of superhorizon adiabatic perturbations in single field inflation is examined. I consider the lowest order corrections from massless matter fields in the Hamiltonian formalism. Particular emphasis is therefore laid on the renormalization. The counterterms are the same as in the Lagrangian formalism. The renormalized value of the tadpole is zero. I find a possible secular dependence of the power spectrum at one loop due to the trace anomaly, but this result depends on the approximation of the modes and is inconclusive. The symmetry (not) violated by the quantum corrections is the invariance by dilatation. Perspectives on the backreaction problem are briefly discussed.
Intervjuu 2013. aasta riikliku teaduspreemia laureaatide prof Jaan Eha ja prof Mihkel Zilmeriga
Creators: name: Soosaar, Andres
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):118–121
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
The Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey and DeepDrill extension: clustering of near-infrared galaxies
Creators: name: van Kampen, Eelco
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Farrah, Duncan
name: Lagos, Claudia del P.
name: Jarvis, Matt
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Nyland, Kristina
name: Oliver, Seb
name: Surace, Jason
name: Thorne, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the angular auto-correlation function of near-infrared galaxies in SERVS+DeepDrill, the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey and its follow-up survey of the Deep Drilling Fields, in three large fields totalling over 20 sq. deg on the sky, observed in two bands centred on 3.6 and 4.5 micron. We performed this analysis on the full sample as well as on sources selected by [3.6]-[4.5] colour in order to probe clustering for different redshift regimes. We estimated the spatial correlation strength as well, using the redshift distribution from S-COSMOS with the same source selection. The strongest clustering was found for our bluest subsample, with z~0.7, which has the narrowest redshift distribution of all our subsamples. We compare these estimates to previous results from the literature, but also to estimates derived from mock samples, selected in the same way as the observational data, using deep light-cones generated from the SHARK semi-analytical model of galaxy formation. For all simulated (sub)samples we find a slightly steeper slope than for the corresponding observed ones, but the spatial clustering length is comparable in most cases.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: An Economic Analysis of Feeding Steers Versus Heifers
Creators: name: Sorensen, Duane
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The question of which sex of cattle to feed is a basic economic decision which must be made by feeders. An economic analysis of costs and returns associated with feeding steers in comparison to heifers would give feeders some assistance in making this decision.
The objectives of this study were to make an economic analysis of feeding a pen of steers and a pen of heifers in a feedlot, then determine the break- even prices for feeder cattle which would make the feeder indifferent to whether he fed steers or heifers , and finally to develop a decision model that could be used by feeders to evaluate this decision for their feedlots.
Steers gain faster and more economically than do heifers . Steers, however, must be fed from 40 to 60 days longer in order to reach the quality standards of the choice grade. Steers reach the market at heavier weights both as fat cattle and carcasses. On the other hand heifers sell for less per pound as feeders and finish earlier in the feedlot.
A graphical decision model was derived which will a id any given feedlot manager in making the decision of which sex would return more profit. This model allows one to plot the break- even prices and price spreads of feeder steers and heifers . The current market prices of feeder cattle on any given day can be compared to the model , and a decision made as to which sex is most profitable.
The break-even spread in feeder cattle prices between steers and heifers gets wider as the price of feeder cattle increases. This explains the wide spread when feeder cattle are selling around 38-40 cents per pound.
Post-Starburst Properties of Post-Merger Galaxies
Creators: name: Li, Wenhao
name: Nair, Preethi
name: Rowlands, Kate
name: Masters, Karen
name: Stark, David
name: Drory, Niv
name: Ellison, Sara
name: Irwin, Jimmy
name: Satyapal, Shobita
name: Jones, Amy
name: Keel, William
name: Mukundan, Kavya
name: Tu, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Post-starburst galaxies (PSBs) are transition galaxies showing evidence of recent rapid star formation quenching. To understand the role of galaxy mergers in triggering quenching, we investigate the incidence of PSBs and resolved PSB properties in post-merger galaxies using both SDSS single-fiber spectra and MaNGA resolved IFU spectra. We find post-mergers have a PSB excess of 10 - 20 times that relative to their control galaxies using single-fiber PSB diagnostics. A similar excess of ~ 19 times is also found in the fraction of central (C)PSBs and ring-like (R)PSBs in post-mergers using the resolved PSB diagnostic. However, 60% of the CPSBs + RPSBs in both post-mergers and control galaxies are missed by the single-fiber data. By visually inspecting the resolved PSB distribution, we find that the fraction of outside-in quenching is 7 times higher than inside-out quenching in PSBs in post-mergers while PSBs in control galaxies do not show large differences in these quenching directions. In addition, we find a marginal deficit of HI gas in PSBs relative to non-PSBs in post-mergers using the MaNGA-HI data. The excesses of PSBs in post-mergers suggest that mergers play an important role in triggering quenching. Resolved IFU spectra are important to recover the PSBs missed by single-fiber spectra. The excess of outside-in quenching relative to inside-out quenching in post-mergers suggests that AGN are not the dominant quenching mechanism in these galaxies, but that processes from the disk (gas inflows/consumption and stellar feedback) play a more important role.
description: Accepted in MNRAS on May 12 2023, 19 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables
Random Sequential Adsorption of Oriented Superdisks
Creators: name: Gromenko, Oleksandr
name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we extend recent study of the properties of the dense packing of "superdisks," by Y. Jiao, F. H. Stillinger and S. Torquato, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 245504 (2008), to the jammed state formed by these objects in random sequential adsorption. The superdisks are two-dimensional shapes bound by the curves of the form |x|^(2p) + |y|^(2p) = 1, with p > 0. We use Monte Carlo simulations and theoretical arguments to establish that p = 1/2 is a special point at which the jamming density has a discontinuous derivative as a function of p. The existence of this point can be also argued for by geometrical arguments.
Spectral age distribution for radio-loud active galaxies in the XMM-LSS field
Creators: name: Pinjarkar, Siddhant
name: Hardcastle, Martin J.
name: Harwood, Jeremy J.
name: Lal, Dharam V.
name: Hatfield, Peter W.
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Randriamanakoto, Zara
name: Whittam, Imogen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets of energetic particles, as seen in FR type-I and FR type-II sources, ejected from the center of Radio-Loud AGN affect the sources surrounding intracluster medium/intergalactic medium. Placing constraints on the age of such sources is important in order to measure the jet powers and determine the effects on feedback. To evaluate the age of these sources using spectral age models, we require high-resolution multi-wavelength data. The new sensitive and high-resolution MIGHTEE survey of the XMM-LSS field along with data from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) provide data taken at different frequencies with similar resolution, which enables us to determine the spectral age distribution for radio loud AGN in the survey field. In this study we present a sample of 28 radio galaxies with their best fitting spectral age distribution analyzed using the Jaffe-Perola (JP) model on a pixel-by-pixel basis. Fits are generally good and objects in our sample show maximum ages within the range of 2.8 Myr to 115 Myr with a median of 8.71 Myr. High-resolution maps over a range of frequencies are required to observe detailed age distributions for small sources and high-sensitivity maps will be needed in order to observe fainter extended emission. We do not observe any correlation between the total physical size of the sources and their age and we speculate both dynamical models and the approach to spectral age analysis may need some modification to account for our observations.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
CHEOPS's hunt for exocomets: photometric observations of 5 Vul
Creators: name: Rebollido, Isabel
name: Zieba, Sebastian
name: Iglesias, Daniela
name: Bourrier, Vincent
name: Kiefer, Flavien
name: Etangs, Alain Lecavelier Des
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of minor bodies in exoplanetary systems is in most cases inferred through infra-red excesses, with the exception of exocomets. Even if over 35 years have passed since the first detection of exocomets around beta Pic, only ~ 25 systems are known to show evidence of evaporating bodies, and most of them have only been observed in spectroscopy. With the appearance of new high-precision photometric missions designed to search for exoplanets, such as CHEOPS, a new opportunity to detect exocomets is available. Combining data from CHEOPS and TESS we investigate the lightcurve of 5 Vul, an A-type star with detected variability in spectroscopy, to search for non periodic transits that could indicate the presence of dusty cometary tails in the system. While we did not find any evidence of minor bodies, the high precision of the data, along with the combination with previous spectroscopic results and models, allows for an estimation of the sizes and spatial distribution of the exocomets.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Investigation of the Use and Feasibility of Speed Warning Systems [Traffic Tech]
Creators: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Publisher: name: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04gcfqs37
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97323
subject: Automatic data collection systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89723
subject: Feasibility analysis
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91711
subject: Focus groups
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91690
subject: Offenders
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90686
subject: Speeding
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/94307
subject: Warning devices

description: Speeding-related crashes are a serious problem in the United States. Most drivers admit to speeding at least some of the time, but there are subgroups of the driving population who tend to speed more often. Traditional speed management practices have failed to deter many of the more egregious habitual speeders. One promising new approach for addressing this speeding problem is a vehicle-based monitoring and feedback system. This study examined the feasibility of a speed-monitoring system that provided feedback to at-risk drivers (chronic speeders). The research team first reviewed available monitoring and feedback products and selected a device for use in a naturalistic field study that provided real-time, tailored feedback to drivers on the posted speed limit for roads on which they were driving. A focus group was then conducted with a small group of habitual speeders to explore issues related to the study design and gather feedback on the selected device from the perspective of this target population.
title: A Comparative Study of Economic Development: Thailand and India
Creators: name: Charnchayasuk, Charnchai
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1965

description: Quickening the rate of economic growth and the conquest of poverty are the primary expressed objects of public policy in the underdeveloped countries of the world . In the new countries, particularly in Africa and Asia which have recently become independent, it was necessary to start almost from scratch in the construction of an advanced economy. Such countries have usually had (a) a high proportion of population in agriculture, with low productivity; (b) little capital per person and crude technology; (c) major expenditures for food; (d) high birth and death rates; (e) poor health and sanitation; and (f) a low level of education. These and other characteristics not only indicate the situation they are in politically, economically, and socially, but also what needs to be done to improve their status.
The distribution of ejected subhalos and its implication for halo assembly bias
Creators: name: Wang, Huiyuan
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Jing, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a high-resolution cosmological $N$-body simulation, we identify the ejected population of subhalos, which are halos at redshift $z=0$ but were once contained in more massive `host' halos at high redshifts. The fraction of the ejected subhalos in the total halo population of the same mass ranges from 9% to 4% for halo masses from $\sim 10^{11}$ to $\sim 10^{12}\msun$. Most of the ejected subhalos are distributed within 4 times the virial radius of their hosts. These ejected subhalos have distinct velocity distribution around their hosts in comparison to normal halos. The number of subhalos ejected from a host of given mass increases with the assembly redshift of the host. Ejected subhalos in general reside in high-density regions, and have a much higher bias parameter than normal halos of the same mass. They also have earlier assembly times, so that they contribute to the assembly bias of dark matter halos seen in cosmological simulations. However, the assembly bias is {\it not} dominated by the ejected population, indicating that large-scale environmental effects on normal halos are the main source for the assembly bias.
description: revised version, submitted to MNRAS
title: Demand for Household Water in Northern Utah, 1962
Creators: name: Schick, Seth H.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1964

description: Water is not a single use resource. It can be used for completely unrelated purposes. There are four general uses for water: household, industrial, agricultural, and recreational. Since water is an economic good it must be properly allocated among the four uses to maximize the returns to society. Also, There must be proper allocation among competing units within each major use.
title: Smart Infrared Inspection System Field Operational Test [Technology Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89496
subject: Infrared detectors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90380
subject: Temperature measurement
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93759
subject: Wheels
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93227
subject: Commercial vehicles
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90414
subject: Inspection
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90346
subject: Field tests
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/97322
subject: Data collection
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90332
subject: Prototype tests
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90917
subject: Traffic law enforcement

description: One of the main goals of the Commercial Vehicle Roadside Technology Corridor (CMVRTC) is to support and evaluate the use of innovative technologies that improve commercial truck and bus safety. The Smart Infrared Inspection System (SIRIS) was the first technology to be tested and evaluated in the CMVRTC. SIRIS is a tool designed to assist inspectors in determining which vehicles passing through the system are in need of further inspection. As a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) travels through the system, infrared cameras mounted on the roadside measure temperatures of the brakes, tires, and wheel bearings on both wheel ends of the vehicles. This thermal data is analyzed by SIRIS internally before being presented to law enforcement personnel on a user-friendly interface inside the inspection station. Enforcement personnel are automatically alerted when vehicles that are suspected to have a defect pass through the system. Since the first-generation prototype in 2007, SIRIS has been a valuable asset to the CMV community by accurately identifying vehicles that should be inspected by a trained CMV inspector.
Classical and quantum correlations under decoherence
Creators: name: Maziero, J.
name: Celeri, L. C.
name: Serra, R. M.
name: Vedral, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently some authors have pointed out that there exist nonclassical correlations which are more general, and possibly more fundamental, than entanglement. For these general quantum correlations and their classical counterparts, under the action of decoherence, we identify three general types of dynamics that include a peculiar sudden change in their decay rates. We show that, under suitable conditions, the classical correlation is unaffected by decoherence. Such dynamic behavior suggests an operational measure of both classical and quantum correlations that can be computed without any extremization procedure.
description: Published version
How do supernova remnants cool? -- I. Morphology, optical emission lines, and shocks
Creators: name: Makarenko, Ekaterina I.
name: Walch, Stefanie
name: Clarke, Seamus D.
name: Seifried, Daniel
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Nürnberger, Pierre C.
name: Rathjen, Tim-Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernovae (SNe) inject $\sim 10^{51}$ erg in the interstellar medium, thereby shocking and heating the gas. A substantial fraction of this energy is later lost via radiative cooling. We present a post-processing module for the FLASH code to calculate the cooling radiation from shock-heated gas using collisional excitation data from MAPPINGS V. When applying this tool to a simulated SN remnant (SNR), we find that most energy is emitted in the EUV. However, optical emission lines ($[$O III$]$, $[$N II$]$, $[$S II$]$, H$α$, H$β$) are usually best observable. Our shock detection scheme shows that [S II] and [N II] emissions arise from the thin shell surrounding the SNR, while [O III], H$\rm α$, and H$\rm β$ originate from the volume-filling hot gas inside the SNR bubble. We find that the optical emission lines are affected by the SNR's complex structure and its projection onto the plane of the sky because the escaping line luminosity can be reduced by 10 -- 80\% due to absorption along the line-of-sight. Additionally, the subtraction of contaminating background radiation is required for the correct classification of an SNR on the oxygen or sulphur BPT diagrams. The electron temperature and density obtained from our synthetic observations match well with the simulation but are very sensitive to the assumed metallicity.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Eelkooliealiste laste vanemate hoiakud laste vaktsineerimise suhtes
Creators: name: Kiisel, Kadri
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: vaktsineerimine, hoiak vaktsineerimise suhtes, vaktsineerimises kahtlev lapsevanem, riskikäitumine

description: Taust. Haigestumus vaktsineerimisega välditavatesse haigustesse on saavutanud läbi aegade madalaima taseme ja vaktsineerimise paradoksile sobivalt on aktuaalseks muutunud vaktsineerimisega seotud riskid. Paljudes maades, sh Eestis, väheneb vaktsineerimisega hõlmatus.
 Eesmärk. Kirjeldada Eesti lapsevanemate hoiakuid ja nende kujunemist seoses laste vaktsineerimisega, keskendudes vaktsineerimises kahtlevatele lapsevanematele.
 Metoodika. Kolmes Eesti perearstikeskuses korraldati eelkooliealiste laste vanemate seas anonüümne ja vabatahtlik ankeetküsitlus. 173 tagastatud küsimustiku (95% väljajagatudküsimustikest) andmete analüüsimiseks kasutati tarkvara PASWStatistics, mille abil leiti kirjeldavad statistikuid, ning rühmadevahelisi erinevusi analüüsiti X2-testi ja Crameri V abil.
 Tulemused. Uuritud lapsevanematest oli lapse vaktsineerimise suhtes 74% pooldaval ja 17,8% kahtleval seisukohal ning 1% oli selle vastu. Vaktsineerimist pooldavate lapsevanemate argumendiks, miks vaktsineerida, oli sel moel välditavate haiguste ohtlikkus. Kahtleval seisukohal olevate lapsevanemate puhul ilmnes suurenenud taju keskkonnast pärinevate riskide suhtes ning ka vaktsineerimisel muutusid esmatähtsaks sellega seotudriskid. Kahtlev hoiak oli võrreldes pooldavaga aktiivsem ning vastaja oli seda endale enam teadvustanud. Lapsevanema kõrgem vanus ja haridustase suurendasid tõenäosust tema hoiaku muutumiseks vaktsineerimise suhtes. Enim kasutatud ja usaldusväärseim vaktsineerimisega seotud infoallikaks oli perearst.
 Järeldused. Suhtumine vaktsineerimisse on osa inimese üldisemast riskitajust, kusjuures asjakohane kommunikatsioon muutub oluliseks riskitundlike inimeste valikute suunamisel. Subjektiivse riskitaju uurimine võimaldab arendada tõhusamaid mõjutustehnikaid vaktsineerimisega hõlmatuse suurendamiseks.

Eesti Arst 2013; 92(3):127–133
description: Eesti Arst, Märts 2013
Variable accretion in the embedded phase of stellar evolution
Creators: name: Vorobyov, E. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent detection of a large number of embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) with mass accretion rates that are inconsistent with the predictions of the standard model of inside-out collapse (Shu 1977), we perform a series on numerical hydrodynamic simulations of the gravitational collapse of molecular cloud cores with various initial masses, rotation rates, and sizes. We focus on the early Class I stage of stellar evolution when circumstellar disks are exposed to high rates of mass deposition from infalling envelopes. Our numerical modeling reproduces the large observed spread in accretion rates inferred for embedded YSOs in Perseus, Serpens, and Ophiuchus star forming regions by Enoch et al. (2009), yielding 37%--75% of objects with "sub-Shu" accretion rates \dot{M} \la 10^{-6} Msun/yr and 1%--2% of objects with "super-Shu" accretion rates \dot{M}>10^{-5} Msun/yr. Mass accretion rates in the Class I stage have a log-normal distribution, with its shape controlled by disk viscosity and disk temperature. The spread in $\dot{M}$ is greater in models with lower viscosity and smaller in models with higher viscosity and higher disk temperature, suggesting that gravitational instability may be a dominant cause of the observed diversity in $\dot{M}$ in embedded YSOs. Our modeling predicts a weak dependence between the mean mass accretion rates and stellar masses in the Class I stage, in sharp contrast to the corresponding steep dependence for evolved T Tauri stars and brown dwarfs.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
IN MEMORIAM professor Jüri Kaude 06.07.1921–01.01.2013
Creators: name: Nazarenko, Sergei
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2013
Subjects: järelehüüe, Jüri Kaude, radioloogia, väliseestlased

description: Eesti Arst 2013; 92(2):108
description: Eesti Arst, Veebruar 2013
Variational description of continuum states in terms of integral relations
Creators: name: Kievsky, A.
name: Viviani, M.
name: Barletta, P.
name: Romero-Redondo, C.
name: Garrido, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two integral relations derived from the Kohn Variational Principle (KVP) are used for describing scattering states. In usual applications the KVP requires the explicit form of the asymptotic behavior of the scattering wave function. This is not the case when the integral relations are applied since, due to their short range nature, the only condition for the scattering wave function $Ψ$ is that it be the solution of $(H-E)Ψ=0$ in the internal region. Several examples are analyzed for the computation of phase-shifts from bound state type wave functions or, in the case of the scattering of charged particles, it is possible to obtain phase-shifts using free asymptotic conditions. As a final example we discuss the use of the integral relations in the case of the Hyperspherical Adiabatic method.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. C
Managing Cold-start in The Serverless Cloud with Temporal Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Nguyen, Tam N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: K.6.4; C.4; C.5.5; I.2.8; I.2

description: Serverless cloud is an innovative cloud service model that frees customers from most cloud management duties. It also offers the same advantages as other cloud models but at much lower costs. As a result, the serverless cloud has been increasingly employed in high-impact areas such as system security, banking, and health care. A big threat to the serverless cloud's performance is cold-start, which is when the time of provisioning the needed cloud resource to serve customers' requests incurs unacceptable costs to the service providers and/or the customers. This paper proposes a novel low-coupling, high-cohesion ensemble policy that addresses the cold-start problem at infrastructure- and function-levels of the serverless cloud stack, while the state of the art policies have a more narrowed focus. This ensemble policy anchors on the prediction of function instance arrivals, 10 to 15 minutes into the future. It is achievable by using the temporal convolutional network (TCN) deep-learning method. Bench-marking results on a real-world dataset from a large-scale serverless cloud provider show that TCN out-performs other popular machine learning algorithms for time series. Going beyond cold-start management, the proposed policy and publicly available codes can be adopted in solving other cloud problems such as optimizing the provisioning of virtual software-defined network assets.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables
Structured and Decorated Cospans from the Viewpoint of Double Category Theory
Creators: name: Patterson, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Structured and decorated cospans are broadly applicable frameworks for building bicategories or double categories of open systems. We streamline and generalize these frameworks using central concepts of double category theory. We show that, under mild hypotheses, double categories of structured cospans are cocartesian (have finite double-categorical coproducts) and are equipments. The proofs are simple as they utilize appropriate double-categorical universal properties. Maps between double categories of structured cospans are studied from the same perspective. We then give a new construction of the double category of decorated cospans using the recently introduced double Grothendieck construction. Besides its conceptual value, this reconstruction leads to a natural generalization of decorated cospans, which we illustrate through an example motivated by statistical theories and other theories of processes.
description: In Proceedings ACT 2023, arXiv:2312.08138
Quantum Operation of Affective Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The review analyzes the fundamental principles which Artificial Intelligence should be based on in order to imitate the realistic process of taking decisions by humans experiencing emotions. Two approaches are compared, one based on quantum theory and the other employing classical terms. Both these approaches have a number of similarities, being principally probabilistic. The analogies between quantum measurements under intrinsic noise and affective decision making are elucidated. It is shown that cognitive processes have many features that are formally similar to quantum measurements. This, however, in no way means that for the imitation of human decision making Affective Artificial Intelligence has necessarily to rely on the functioning of quantum systems. Appreciating the common features between quantum measurements and decision making helps for the formulation of an axiomatic approach employing only classical notions. Artificial Intelligence, following this approach, operates similarly to humans, by taking into account the utility of the considered alternatives as well as their emotional attractiveness. Affective Artificial Intelligence, whose operation takes account of the cognition-emotion duality, avoids numerous behavioural paradoxes of traditional decision making. A society of intelligent agents, interacting through the repeated multistep exchange of information, forms a network accomplishing dynamic decision making. The considered intelligent networks can characterize the operation of either a human society of affective decision makers, or the brain composed of neurons, or a typical probabilistic network of an artificial intelligence.
description: Review, Latex file, 123 pages, 14 figures
Impurity induced spin-orbit coupling in graphene
Creators: name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of impurities in inducing spin-orbit coupling in graphene. We show that the sp3 distortion induced by an impurity can lead to a large increase in the spin-orbit coupling with a value comparable to the one found in diamond and other zinc-blende semiconductors. The spin-flip scattering produced by the impurity leads to spin scattering lengths of the order found in recent experiments. Our results indicate that the spin-orbit coupling can be controlled via the impurity coverage.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
title: Expanded Research and Development of an Enhanced Rear Signaling System for Commercial Motor Vehicles [Technology Brief]
Creators: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
Publisher: name: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01jt5mq34
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93227
subject: Commercial vehicles
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93171
subject: Heavy duty trucks
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89348
subject: Crash avoidance systems
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/93835
subject: Rear lighting
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90346
subject: Field tests
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90627
subject: Night visibility
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/95896
subject: Brightness

description: In 2010, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) found that heavy trucks were three times more likely than other vehicles to be struck from behind during two-vehicle fatal crashes. The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) has been working to develop and refine an Enhanced Rear Signaling (ERS) system to address these types of crashes. There were three phases of ERS research performed prior to the current project (as seen in Table 1). This report focuses on refining the developed Phase III prototype system in preparation for a Field Operational Test (FOT).
title: Some Economic Effects of Irrigation Water Pumping From a Declining Water Table in the Milford Area of Utah
Creators: name: Price, Duane R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: Surface water is found in very limited quantities in most of southwestern Utah. In order to compensate for a deficit of surface water it has been necessary to use underground water where it is possible and profitable to do so. The Milford pumping area in southwestern Utah is an area where expanded irrigated agriculture has been established by pumping of ground water. It is one of four major pumping areas in the state of Utah.
Sunspot positions from observations by Flaugergues in the Dalton Minimum
Creators: name: Illarionov, Egor
name: Arlt, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: French astronomer Honoré Flaugergues compiled astronomical observations in a series of hand-written notebooks for 1782$\unicode{x2013}$1830, which are preserved at Paris Observatory. We reviewed these manuscripts and encoded the records that contain sunspot measurements into a numerical table for further analysis. All measurements are timings and we found three types of measurements allowing the reconstruction of heliographic coordinates. In the first case, the Sun and sunspots cross vertical and horizontal wires, in the second case, one vertical and two mirror-symmetric oblique wires, and in the third case, a rhombus-shaped set of wires. Additionally, timings of two solar eclipses also provided a few sunspot coordinates. As a result, we present the time--latitude (butterfly) diagram of the reconstructed sunspot coordinates, which covers the period of the Dalton Minimum and confirms consistency with those of Derfflinger and Prantner. We identify four solar cycles in this diagram and discuss the observed peculiarities as well as the data reliability.
A Radio Pulsar/X-ray Binary Link
Creators: name: Archibald, Anne M.
name: Stairs, Ingrid H.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Kondratiev, Vladislav I.
name: Lorimer, Duncan R.
name: McLaughlin, Maura A.
name: Boyles, Jason
name: Hessels, Jason W. T.
name: Lynch, Ryan
name: van Leeuwen, Joeri
name: Roberts, Mallory S. E.
name: Jenet, Frederick
name: Champion, David J.
name: Rosen, Rachel
name: Barlow, Brad N.
name: Dunlap, Bart H.
name: Remillard, Ronald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio pulsars with millisecond spin periods are thought to have been spun up by transfer of matter and angular momentum from a low-mass companion star during an X-ray-emitting phase. The spin periods of the neutron stars in several such low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) systems have been shown to be in the millisecond regime, but no radio pulsations have been detected. Here we report on detection and follow-up observations of a nearby radio millisecond pulsar (MSP) in a circular binary orbit with an optically identified companion star. Optical observations indicate that an accretion disk was present in this system within the last decade. Our optical data show no evidence that one exists today, suggesting that the radio MSP has turned on after a recent LMXB phase.
description: published in Science
Irregularity of polymer domain boundaries in two-dimensional polymer solution
Creators: name: Liu, Lei
name: Hyeon, Changbong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polymer chains composing a polymer solution in strict two dimensions (2D) are characterized with irregular domain boundaries, whose fractal dimension ($\mathcal{D}^{\partial}$) varies with the area fraction of the solution and the solvent quality. {\color{black}Our analysis of numerical simulations of polymer solutions finds} that $\mathcal{D}^{\partial}$ in good solvents changes non-monotonically from $\mathcal{D}^{\partial}=4/3$ in dilute phase to $\mathcal{D}^{\partial}=5/4$ in dense phase, maximizing to $\mathcal{D}^{\partial}\approx 3/2$ at a crossover area fraction $ϕ_{\rm cr}\approx 0.2$, whereas for polymers in $Θ$ solvents $\mathcal{D}^{\partial}$ remains constant at $\mathcal{D}^{\partial}=4/3$ from dilute to semi-dilute phase. Using polymer physics arguments, we rationalize these values, and show that the maximum irregularity of $\mathcal{D}^\partial\approx 3/2$ is due to "fjord"-like corrugations formed along the domain boundaries which also maximize at the same crossover area fraction. Our finding of $\mathcal{D}^\partial\approx 3/2$ is, in fact, in perfect agreement with the upper bound for the fractal dimension of the external perimeter of 2D random curves at scaling limit, which is predicted by the Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE).
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
A General Model of Vehicle Routing Guidance Systems based on Distributive Learning Scheme
Creators: name: Wan, Ke
name: Zhang, Zuo
name: Chen, Zhiquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Dynamic traffic assignment and vehicle route guidance have been important problems in ITS for some time. This paper proposes a new model for VRGS, which takes into consideration of the information propagation, user selection and information reaction. Parameter p is then defined as the updating weight for computing cost of traffic based on a distributive learning scheme. p is calculated through a function which denotes information propagation over time and space and the function needs further optimization. Comparison to static traffic assignment, DTA and feasible strategies are given, and future work is also stated.
description: 12 pages
Noncommutative Derivation of the Planck's Radiation Law
Creators: name: De Andrade, M. A.
name: Filho, L. G. Ferreira
name: Neves, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Planck's radiation law for the blackbody radiation spectrum was capable to explain the experimentally-measured blackbody spectrum. In order to get this result, Planck proposed his radiation law in a two-fold way: 1) by an \textit{ad hoc} modification of the assumed connection between energy and entropy for thermal radiation; 2) by assuming that the calculation of the entropy of an oscillator in thermal equilibrium with radiation is carried out by discrete units of energy. As a consequence, the energy quantization, linear in frequency, was thus introduced into physics. However, the energy quantization of the simple harmonic oscillator was originally postulated by Planck in an incomplete way, i.e., the ground state energy was not assumed to be null. Of course, this issue has been solved in different ways over time. Despite of this, we propose an alternative way to fix this issue by describing harmonic oscillators at noncommutative(NC) framework, where the non-null ground state energy naturally arises as a NC contribution. With this approach, the Planck's quantum theory is updated and, consequently, becomes compatible with the quantum mechanics inaugurated in 1925.
Alkoholi ja narkootiliste ainete osakaal vigastussuremuses ning sellega seotud majanduslik ja sotsiaalne kahju Eesti ühiskonnale
Creators: name: Drikkit, Ilona
name: Uusküla, Lenno
name: Väli, Marika
name: Kaasik, Taie
Publisher: name: OÜ Celsius Healthcare
Year: 2004
Subjects: vigastussurm, alkohol, narkootilised ained, majanduslik kahju

description: Alkoholi  ja narkootiliste ainete osalust uuriti kõigis vigastussurma  juhtumeis, mis  leidsid aset Eestis aastail 2000–2002 alla 65aastaste meeste ja naiste hulgas. Arvutati vigastussurmade tõttu kaotatud  elu-  ja  tööaastad  ning  viimastest  johtuv  majanduslik  kahju  Eesti ühiskonnale. Rohkem  kui  pooled  uuritutest  olid  fataalse  vigastuse  saamise  ajal  alkoholijoobes,  sealjuures umbes 1/3 raskes joobes. Ainuüksi vigastussurmade tõttu kaotatud tööaastatest tulenev majanduslik kahju, arvestamata ravikulusid ja invaliidsustoetusi, oli 2002. aastal 1,7 miljardit krooni, moodustades 1,73% vastava aasta SKPst. Alkoholi  liigtarvitamine on  suure vigastussuremuse, aga ka paljude  teiste  tervisehäirete  ja  surmajuhtude peamiseks  vahetuks põhjuseks praeguses Eestis. Tähelepanu  väärib üha  suurenev narkootikumide kaasa-aitav  roll  fataalsete  vigastuste tekkes.
description: Eesti Arst, Aprill 2004