cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Velia (Plesiovelia) caprai subsp. caprai caprai Tamanini 1947
Creators: name: Fent, Meral
name: Kment, Petr
name: Çamur-Elipek, Belgin
name: Kirgiz, Timur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Veliidae
Velia
Velia caprai
Velia (plesiovelia) caprai caprai tamanini, 1947 (veliidae)

description: Velia (Plesiovelia) caprai caprai Tamanini, 1947 (Veliidae)
 Asian Turkey. Kıyak & Özsaraç (2001), Kıyak et al. (2008), Salur & Mesci (2009).
 General distribution. Widely distributed in Europe, reaching Norway and Sweden in the north, Ireland and Great Britain in the west, Poland, Byelorussia, and Moldavia in the east, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Slovenia, Serbia, and Romania in the south (Andersen 1995, Protić 1998, Gogala 2003, Derjanschi & Matocq 2005, Lukashuk & Moroz 2007, Protić & Živić 2007).
 Comment. This European species is missing from southern parts of the Balkan Peninsula, being replaced by vicariant species. Occurrence of this species is Anatolia is highly improbable and the published records (Antalya, Aydın, Burdur, Çorum, Isparta, KırŞehir, Muğla) (Kıyak & Özsaraç 2001, Kıyak et al. 2008, Salur & Mesci 2009) belong to another species, possibly V. mariae or V. kirichenkoi, which are missing in the key by Tamanini (1955b).
 Identification. Tamanini (1955b, 1979), Nieser (1972).
description: Published as part of Fent, Meral, Kment, Petr, Çamur-Elipek, Belgin & Kirgiz, Timur, 2011, Annotated catalogue of Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Turkey, with new records 2856, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 2856 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2856.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5286719
Additional file 7 of Incorporating genetic networks into case-control association studies with high-dimensional DNA methylation data
Creators: name: Kipoong Kim
name: Hokeun Sun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The top ranked 100 genes selected by the network-based regularization method combined with principal components (PC), normalized principal components (nPC), and supervised principal components (sPC) are summarized in the Venn diagrams for each of four breast invasive carcinoma subtypes. This analysis includes 9236 biologically linked genes and 10,060 isolated genes.(PDF 27 kb)
The supermoduli of SUSY curves with Ramond punctures
Creators: name: Bruzzo, Ugo
name: Ruipérez, Daniel Hernández
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14D20, 14J60, 14J27, 14H40, 83E30

description: We construct local and global moduli spaces of supersymmetric curves with Ramond-Ramond punctures. We assume that the underlying ordinary algebraic curves have a level n structure and build these supermoduli spaces as algebraic superspaces, i.e., quotients of étale equivalence relations between superschemes.
description: 34 pages. v2: corrected a minor inconsequential mistake in a proof. v3: 35 pages. Minor changes and additions after the referee's suggestions. To appear in Rev. Real Acad. Ciencias Exactas Fis. Nat. Ser. A. Mat
The Final Parsec Problem
Creators: name: Milosavljevic, Milos
name: Merritt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coalescence of massive black hole binaries is one of the main sources of low-frequency gravitational radiation that can be detected by LISA. When two galaxies containing massive black holes merge, a binary forms at the center of the new galaxy. We discuss the evolution of the binary after its separation decreases below one parsec. Whether or not stellar dynamical processes can drive the black holes to coalesce depends on the supply of stars that scatter against the binary. We discuss various mechanisms by which this supply can be replenished after the loss cone has been depleted.
description: Review, to appear in: ``The Astrophysics of Gravitational Wave Sources'', J. Centrella (ed.), AIP, in press (2003)
title: CHARACTERISATION OF CASPASE-6-DEPENDENT REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF SQSTM1/p62 DROPLET-BASED AUTOPHAGY
Creators: name: Valionyte, Evelina
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Autophagy
subject: Autophagosome
subject: p62
subject: SQSTM1
subject: Liquid-liquid phase separation
subject: Caspase-6
subject: PhD

description: p62, otherwise known as SQSTM1, is the most characterised selective autophagy receptor essential for autophagic cargo recognition, capture and degradation. p62 and its cargo form liquid-liquid phase-separated droplets which operate as assembly platforms for the formation of autophagosomes. It is poorly understood how physiological and pathological conditions modulate p62 droplet-based autophagy. In this study, the effects of cellular toxicity upon the regulation of p62 droplet-based autophagy were investigated. This study discovered that the inflammatory toxicity promotes caspase-6 to cleave p62 at a novel site D256. As the C-terminal cleavage product was undetected via western blotting rendering it unstable, the attention was focused on the N-terminal cleavage product. By utilising a variety of cellular models, p62N was found to dominantly and negatively regulate p62 droplet formation. In vitro phase separation assay confirmed this finding. Caspase-6-generated p62N was also shown to interfere with autophagosome formation and protein aggregate clearance via autophagy. Moreover, caspase-6-generated p62N was found in brain tissue lysates of aged and Huntington’s disease mice. This study has discovered a novel pathway for the regulation of autophagy under certain cytotoxic stimuli. Caspase-6 activity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. As p62 droplet autophagy is critical for protein aggregate clearance, its negative regulation by caspase-6 may play a critical role in disease pathologies.
On Post-Selection Inference in A/B Tests
Creators: name: Deng, Alex
name: Li, Yicheng
name: Lu, Jiannan
name: Ramamurthy, Vivek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When interpreting A/B tests, we typically focus only on the statistically significant results and take them by face value. This practice, termed post-selection inference in the statistical literature, may negatively affect both point estimation and uncertainty quantification, and therefore hinder trustworthy decision making in A/B testing. To address this issue, in this paper we explore two seemingly unrelated paths, one based on supervised machine learning and the other on empirical Bayes, and propose post-selection inferential approaches that combine the strengths of both. Through large-scale simulated and empirical examples, we demonstrate that our proposed methodologies stand out among other existing ones in both reducing post-selection biases and improving confidence interval coverage rates, and discuss how they can be conveniently adjusted to real-life scenarios.
Empirical nonextensive laws for the county distribution of total personal income and gross domestic product
Creators: name: Borges, Ernesto P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We analyze the cumulative distribution of total personal income of USA counties, and gross domestic product of Brazilian, German and United Kingdom counties, and also of world countries. We verify that generalized exponential distributions, related to nonextensive statistical mechanics, describe almost the whole spectrum of the distributions (within acceptable errors), ranging from the low region to the middle region, and, in some cases, up to the power-law tail. The analysis over about 30 years (for USA and Brazil) shows a regular pattern of the parameters appearing in the present phenomenological approach, suggesting a possible connection between the underlying dynamics of (at least some aspects of) the economy of a country (or of the whole world) and nonextensive statistical mechanics. We also introduce two additional examples related to geographical distributions: land areas of counties and land prices, and the same kind of equations adjust the data in the whole range of the spectrum.
description: LaTeX using elsart, 15 pages, 5 figures (8 eps files)
Additional file 6 of Incorporating genetic networks into case-control association studies with high-dimensional DNA methylation data
Creators: name: Kipoong Kim
name: Hokeun Sun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Four histograms of the sample mean of canonical correlation coefficients for the permuted 207,475 gene pairs are shown for each subtype of breast invasive carcinoma dataset. The dotted red line indicates the sample mean of canonical correlation coefficients for the original 207,475 gene pairs from incorporated 7 genetic network databases.(PDF 41 kb)
Charge effects in donor doped perovskite ferroelectrics
Creators: name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, L.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Jin, L.
name: Wang, D.
name: Wei, J.
name: Ye, Z. -G.
name: Jia, C. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doping is a widely used method to tune physical properties of ferroelectric perovskites. Since doping can induce charges due to the substitution of certain elements, charge effects shall be considered in doped samples. To understand how charges can affect the system, we incorporate the dipole-charge interaction into our simulations, where the pinched hysteresis loops can well be reproduced. Two charge compensation models are proposed and numerically investigated to understand how lanthanum doping affect BaTiO$_{3}$'s ferroelectric phase transition temperature and hysteresis loop. The consequences of the two charge compensation models are compared and discussed.
Wannier threshold law for two electron escape in the presence of an external electric field
Creators: name: Eckhardt, Bruno
name: Sacha, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider double ionization of atoms or ions by electron impact in the presence of a static electric field. As in Wanniers analysis of the analogous situation without external field the dynamics near threshold is dominated by a saddle. With a field the saddle lies in a subspace of symmetrically escaping electrons. Near threshold the classical cross section scales with excess energy E like sigma=E^alpha, where the exponent alpha can be determined from the stability of the saddle and does not depend on the field strength. For example, if the remaining ion has charge Z=2, the exponent is 1.292, significantly different from the 1.056 without the field.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters
Aquarius najas Gerridae
Creators: name: Fent, Meral
name: Kment, Petr
name: Çamur-Elipek, Belgin
name: Kirgiz, Timur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Aquarius
Aquarius najas

description: Aquarius najas (De Geer, 1773) (Gerridae)
 Asian Turkey. Kıyak et al. (2007b, 2008), Ustaoğlu et al. (2008).
 General distribution. Widely distributed in Europe and north-western Africa (Andersen 1995, Rosenzweig 1995, Carapezza 1997, Protić 1998, Damgaard 2005).
 Comment. Kıyak et al. (2007b, 2008) published Aquarius najas from a number of localities in Anatolia. However, all the Anatolian records apparently belong to the vicariant A. ventralis, whose presence in Anatolia was confirmed by DNA sequences (Damgaard et al. 2000, Damgaard 2005).
 Identification. Andersen (1990).
description: Published as part of Fent, Meral, Kment, Petr, Çamur-Elipek, Belgin & Kirgiz, Timur, 2011, Annotated catalogue of Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Turkey, with new records 2856, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 2856 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2856.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5286719
The Commercialization of Advanced Material Technologies by University Spin-Outs
Creators: name: Lubik, Sarah
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Advanced materials, open-systems theory, value creation, university spin-outs, academic entrepreneurship.

description: The field of advanced materials (AM) is expected to experience considerable growth and has the potential to make a substantial impact on numerous industries, markets and applications. Much like IT and biotech before it, advanced materials face the many commercialization challenges of revolutionary, generic technologies. AM ventures face the additional challenge of competing with established substitutes. Though there has been limited prior research on AM commercialization, the specific challenges facing AM firms at the crossroads of academia and industry have not been previously addressed. This study focuses on the challenges facing AM university spin-outs (USOs). The evolution of their business models is examined to investigate how the ventures navigate encountered challenges in order to create a resource base, create value for co-producers and customers, and attempt to capture value for themselves. A dataset of Cambridge-affiliated AM companies is used to frame and position six case studies of AM spin-outs in various stages of value creation. These cases are analyzed to gain insight into the main challenges the companies have encountered and solutions they have attempted. This evidence and analysis are used to refine the proposed conceptual framework. This research highlights the importance for AM USOs of creating and developing a business model that enables them to select an appropriate market and application, identify and attract appropriate co-producers, and build and leverage both internal and external resources in creative ways in order to generate value. Successful strategies that have been identified through the case studies include creating a partner-focused business model, early market identification, demonstrating the innovation in a system, and altering target market or market position to one were complementary assets are either available or unnecessary.
High Energy Two-Photon Interactions at the LHC
Creators: name: Piotrzkowski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-photon events at the LHC are characterized by the protons scattered at very small angles and the particles centrally produced via the photon-photon fusion. To select these events from the huge samples of generic pp interactions a detection of the scattered protons, or tagging two-photon interactions is necessary. It requires installation of the high-resolution position-sensitive detectors close to the proton beam and far from the interaction point. Efficient measurement of the forward-scattered protons will open a new field of studying high-energy photon-photon interactions at remarkable luminosity, reaching 1% of that in pp collisions. In this paper a few aspects of tagging two-photon interactions as well as several most exciting topics in the high-energy two-photon physics at the LHC are presented.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Current magnification effect in mesoscopic systems at equilibrium
Creators: name: Benjamin, Colin
name: Jayannavar, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the current magnification effect and associated circulating currents in mesoscopic systems at equilibrium. Earlier studies have revealed that in the presence of transport current(non-equilibrium situation), circulating currents can flow in a ring even in the absence of magnetic field. This was attributed to current magnification which is quantum mechanical in origin. We have shown that the same effect can be obtained in equilibrium systems, however, in the presence of magnetic flux. For this we have considered an one-dimensional open mesoscopic ring connected to a bubble, and the system is in contact with a single reservoir. We have considered a special case where bubble does not enclose magnetic flux, yet circulating currents can flow in it due to current magnification.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Minor corrections made and journal reference added
Cardiac mitochondrial function depends on BUD23 mediated ribosome programming
Creators: name: Baxter, Matthew
name: Voronkov, Maria
name: Poolman, Toryn
name: Galli, Gina
name: Pinali, Christian
name: Goosey, Laurence
name: Knight, Abigail
name: Krakowiak, Karolina
name: Maidstone, Robert
name: Iqbal, Mudassar
name: Zi, Min
name: Prehar, Sukhpal
name: Cartwright, Elizabeth J
name: Gibbs, Julie
name: Matthews, Laura C
name: Adamson, Antony D
name: Humphreys, Neil E
name: Rebelo-Guiomar, Pedro
name: Minczuk, Michal
name: Bechtold, David A
name: Loudon, Andrew
name: Ray, David
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Cell Biology
mitochondria
protein translation
cardiac
ribosome
Human
Mouse

description: Efficient mitochondrial function is required in tissues with high energy demand such as the heart, and mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular disease. Expression of mitochondrial proteins is tightly regulated in response to internal and external stimuli. Here we identify a novel mechanism regulating mitochondrial content and function, through BUD23-dependent ribosome generation. BUD23 was required for ribosome maturation, normal 18S/28S stoichiometry and modulated the translation of mitochondrial transcripts in human A549 cells. Deletion of Bud23 in murine cardiomyocytes reduced mitochondrial content and function, leading to severe cardiomyopathy and death. We discovered that BUD23 selectively promotes ribosomal interaction with low GC-content 5’UTRs. Taken together we identify a critical role for BUD23 in bioenergetics gene expression, by promoting efficient translation of mRNA transcripts with low 5’UTR GC content. BUD23 emerges as essential to mouse development, and to postnatal cardiac function.
Probing charge pumping and relaxation of the chiral anomaly in a Dirac semimetal
Creators: name: Cheng, Bing
name: Schumann, Timo
name: Stemmer, Susanne
name: Armitage, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear band crossings of 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals are characterized by a charge chirality, the parallel or anti-parallel locking of electron spin to its momentum. Such materials are believed to exhibit a ${\bf E} \cdot {\bf B}$ chiral magnetic effect that is associated with the near conservation of chiral charge. Here, we use magneto-terahertz spectroscopy to study epitaxial Cd$_3$As$_2$ films and extract their conductivities $σ(ω)$ as a function of ${\bf E} \cdot {\bf B}$. As field is applied, we observe a remarkably sharp Drude response that rises out of the broader background. Its appearance is a definitive signature of a new transport channel and consistent with the chiral response, with its spectral weight a measure of the net chiral charge and width a measure of the scattering rate between chiral species. The field independence of the chiral relaxation establishes that it is set by the approximate conservation of the isospin that labels the crystalline point-group representations.
description: 23 figures, 28 pages
MPEC 2024-C138 : 2024 CB3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 CB3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Gerris (Gerris) costae subsp. costae costae (Herrich-Schaeffer 1850
Creators: name: Fent, Meral
name: Kment, Petr
name: Çamur-Elipek, Belgin
name: Kirgiz, Timur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Gerridae
Gerris
Gerris costae
Gerris (gerris) costae costae (herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) (gerridae)

description: Gerris (Gerris) costae costae (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1850) (Gerridae)
 Asian Turkey. Hoberlandt (1952a), Önder et al. (2006).
 Turkey (not distinguished). Kanyukova (1982), Kıyak & Özsaraç (2001).
 General distribution. The nominotypical subspecies is limited to the Alps (Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Switzerland) (Andersen 1995). Contrary to Andersen (1995), there is no reliable record of the species from the Czech Republic (Kment & Smékal 2002).
 Comment. All the Turkish records belong to Gerris costae fieberi. However, the validity of the subspecies of G. costae was questioned by Damgaard (2006) (see Distribution paragraph of G. costae fieberi above).
 Identification. Andersen (1994).
description: Published as part of Fent, Meral, Kment, Petr, Çamur-Elipek, Belgin & Kirgiz, Timur, 2011, Annotated catalogue of Enicocephalomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha, and Leptopodomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) of Turkey, with new records 2856, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 2856 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2856.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5286719
Quantum codes from neural networks
Creators: name: Bausch, Johannes
name: Leditzky, Felix
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Paper
quantum capacity
neural networks states
global optimization techniques
quantum information transmission
superadditivity of coherent information
quantum error-correcting codes

description: Funder: Draper’s Company Research Fellowship
description: Abstract: We examine the usefulness of applying neural networks as a variational state ansatz for many-body quantum systems in the context of quantum information-processing tasks. In the neural network state ansatz, the complex amplitude function of a quantum state is computed by a neural network. The resulting multipartite entanglement structure captured by this ansatz has proven rich enough to describe the ground states and unitary dynamics of various physical systems of interest. In the present paper, we initiate the study of neural network states in quantum information-processing tasks. We demonstrate that neural network states are capable of efficiently representing quantum codes for quantum information transmission and quantum error correction, supplying further evidence for the usefulness of neural network states to describe multipartite entanglement. In particular, we show the following main results: (a) neural network states yield quantum codes with a high coherent information for two important quantum channels, the generalized amplitude damping channel and the dephrasure channel. These codes outperform all other known codes for these channels, and cannot be found using a direct parametrization of the quantum state. (b) For the depolarizing channel, the neural network state ansatz reliably finds the best known codes given by repetition codes. (c) Neural network states can be used to represent absolutely maximally entangled states, a special type of quantum error-correcting codes. In all three cases, the neural network state ansatz provides an efficient and versatile means as a variational parametrization of these highly entangled states.
Investigations of the superconducting ground state of Zr$_{3} $Ir: Introducing a new noncentrosymmetric superconductor
Creators: name: P., Sajilesh. K.
name: Singh, D.
name: Biswas, P. K.
name: Stenning, Gavin B. G.
name: Hillier, A. D.
name: Singh, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in materials whose crystal structure lacks inversion symmetry is a prime candidate for unconventional superconductivity. A new noncentrosymmetric compound Zr$_{3}$Ir crystallizes in a tetragonal $ α$-V$_{3} $S structure. The magnetization, specific heat and muon spin rotation confirm s-wave superconductivity, having a transition temperature T$_{c}$ = 2.3 K. Muon spin relaxation confirms the preservation of time reversal symmetry in the superconducting ground state.
description: 8 Pages, 8 figures
Contract farming preferences by smallholder rice producers in Africa: a stated choice model using mixed logic
Creators: name: Arouna, Aminou
name: Adegbola, Patrice Y.
name: Raphael, Babatunde
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Arouna, Aminou
name: Adegbola, Patrice Y.
name: Raphael, Babatunde
name: Diagne, Aliou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Rice
subject: stated preferences
subject: contract farming
subject: mixed logit
subject: Benin

description: In developing countries, smallholder farmers face many constraints including lack of information, access to credit and to markets. To overcome these constraints, resource-poor farmers can engage in contract farming. However, contracts farming need to meet farmers’ demand in order to be sustainable. This study aimed to analyze the preferences of rice farmers for agricultural contracts in Benin. Stated choice data were collected from 579 rice farmers. In order to account for heterogeneity, data were analyzed using mixed logit model. Results showed that producers preferred contracts under the following terms: short term contract (one season), payment at delivery, group selling and having processor as partner. However, the contract preference is different for men and women. The study suggests that this difference and the attribute of preferred contract need to be taking into account for the design of best-fit contract farming by rice value chain actors and policy makers in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Additional file 5 of Incorporating genetic networks into case-control association studies with high-dimensional DNA methylation data
Creators: name: Kipoong Kim
name: Hokeun Sun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The averaged true positive rates of 4 individual tests and 4 different regularization methods are compared with those of the network-based regularization method combined with normalized principal components when the proportion of outcome-related CpG sites in a causal gene Ď =40% and the noise level Ď =2.5.(PDF 9 kb)
Population structure and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Typhi isolates in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2004 to 2016
Creators: name: Rahman, Sadia Isfat Ara
name: Dyson, Zoe A.
name: Klemm, Elizabeth J.
name: Khanam, Farhana
name: Holt, Kathryn E.
name: Chowdhury, Emran Kabir
name: Dougan, Gordon
name: Qadri, Firdausi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: People and places
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Multi-drug resistant typhoid fever remains an enormous public health threat in low and middle-income countries. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of the epidemiology and genomics of S. Typhi in many regions. Here we have undertaken a detailed genomic analysis of typhoid in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh to unravel the population structure and antimicrobial resistance patterns in S. Typhi isolated between 2004–2016. Principal findings: Whole genome sequencing of 202 S. Typhi isolates obtained from three study locations in urban Dhaka revealed a diverse range of S. Typhi genotypes and AMR profiles. The bacterial population within Dhaka were relatively homogenous with little stratification between different healthcare facilities or age groups. We also observed evidence of exchange of Bangladeshi genotypes with neighboring South Asian countries (India, Pakistan and Nepal) suggesting these are circulating throughout the region. This analysis revealed a decline in H58 (genotype 4.3.1) isolates from 2011 onwards, coinciding with a rise in a diverse range of non-H58 genotypes and a simultaneous rise in isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, potentially reflecting a change in treatment practices. We identified a novel S. Typhi genotype, subclade 3.3.2 (previously defined only to clade level, 3.3), which formed two localized clusters (3.3.2.Bd1 and 3.3.2.Bd2) associated with different mutations in the Quinolone Resistance Determining Region (QRDR) of gene gyrA. Significance: Our analysis of S. Typhi isolates from urban Dhaka, Bangladesh isolated over a twelve year period identified a diverse range of AMR profiles and genotypes. The observed increase in non-H58 genotypes associated with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility may reflect a change in treatment practice in this region and highlights the importance of continued molecular surveillance to monitor the ongoing evolution of AMR in Dhaka. We have defined new genotypes and lineages of Bangladeshi S. Typhi which will facilitate the identification of these emerging AMR clones in future surveillance efforts.
The Draco and Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidals. A comparative study
Creators: name: Bellazzini, M.
name: Ferraro, F. R.
name: Origlia, L.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Monaco, L.
name: Oliva, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present (V,I) photometry of two wide (~25 X 25 arcmin^2) fields centered on the low surface brightness dwarf spheroidal galaxies Draco and Ursa Minor. New estimates of the distance to these galaxies are provided ((m-M)_0(UMi)=19.41 \pm 0.12 and (m-M)_0(Dra)=19.84 \pm 0.14) and a comparative study of their evolved stellar population is presented. We detect for the first time the RGB-bump in the Luminosity Function of UMi (V_{RGB}^{Bump}=19.40\pm 0.06) while the feature is not detected in Draco. Photometric metallicity distributions are obtained for the two galaxies and an accurate analysis to determine the intrinsic metallicity spread is performed by means of artificial stars experiments. (Abridged) We demonstrate that the inner region of UMi is significantly structured, at odds with what expected for a system in dynamical equilibrium. In particular we show that the main density peak of UMi is off-centered with respect to the center of symmetry of the whole galaxy and it shows a much lower ellipticity with respect to the rest of the galaxy. Moreover, UMi stars are shown to be clustered according to two different characteristic clustering scales, as opposite to Draco, which instead has a very symmetric and smooth density profile. The possible consequences of this striking structural difference on our ideas about galaxy formation are briefly discussed. Combining our distance modulus with the more recent estimates of the total luminosity of UMi, we find that the mass to light (M/L) ratio of this galaxy may be as low as M/L ~ 7, a factor 5-10 lower than current estimates.
description: 31 pages, 18 .ps figures. AAS Latex. emulateapj5.sty macro included. Fig. 3 is provided in a low res. version. The full resolution version is available upon request to bellazzini@bo.astro.it. Accepted by The Astronomical Journal
Nonlinear dynamics of forced baroclinic critical layers
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Balmforth, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the forcing of baroclinic critical levels, which arise in stratified fluids with horizontal shear flow along the surfaces where the phase speed of a wave relative to the mean flow matches a natural internal wavespeed. Linear theory predicts the baroclinic critical layer dynamics is similar to that of a classical critical layer, characterized by the secular growth of flow perturbations over a region of decreasing width. By using matched asymptotic expansions, we construct a nonlinear baroclinic critical layer theory to study how the flow perturbation evolves once they enter the nonlinear regime. A key feature of the theory is that, because the location of the baroclinic critical layer is determined by the streamwise wavenumber, the nonlinear dynamics filters out harmonics and the modification to the mean flow controls the evolution. At late times, we show that the vorticity begins to focus into yet smaller regions whose width decreases exponentially with time, and that the addition of dissipative effects can arrest this focussing to create a drifting coherent structure. Jet-like defects in the mean horizontal velocity are the main outcome of the critical-layer dynamics.
CO (J=7->6) Observations of NGC 253: Cosmic Ray Heated Warm Molecular Gas
Creators: name: Bradford, C. M.
name: Nikola, T.
name: Stacey, G. J.
name: Bolatto, A. D.
name: Jackson, J. M.
name: Savage, M. L.
name: Davidson, J. A.
name: Higdon, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations of the CO J=7->6 transition toward the starburst nucleus of NGC 253. This is the highest-excitation CO measurement in this source to date, and allows an estimate of the molecular gas excitation conditions. Comparison of the CO line intensities with a large velocity gradient, escape probability model indicates that the bulk of the 2-5 x 10^7 solar masses of molecular gas in the central 180 pc is highly excited. A model with T ~ 120 K, n_H_2 ~ 4.5 x 10^4 cm^-3 is consistent with the observed CO intensities as well as the rotational H2 lines observed with ISO. The inferred mass of warm, dense molecular gas is 10--30 times the atomic gas mass as traced through its [CII] and [OI] line emission. This large mass ratio is inconsistent with photodissociation region models where the gas is heated by far-UV starlight. It is also not likely that the gas is heated by shocks in outflows or cloud-cloud collisions. We conclude that the best mechanism for heating the gas is cosmic rays, which provide a natural means of uniformly heating the full volume of molecular clouds. With the tremendous supernova rate in the nucleus of NGC 253, the CR heating rate is at least ~800 times greater than in the Galaxy, more than sufficient to match the cooling observed in the CO lines.
description: 12+ pages, 4 figures, to appear in The Astrophysical Journal (now includes tables)
Impact of climate change on rice income: case study of four West African Countries
Creators: name: Arouna, Aminou
name: Kouton, Baudelaire
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Arouna, Aminou
name: Kouton, Baudelaire
name: Diagne, Aliou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Climate Change
subject: Ricardian Analysis
subject: Rice
subject: Impact
subject: West Africa.

description: This study aimed to assess the impact of climate change on rice income in four West African countries. The paper used the Ricardian approach to measure the relationship between the net income and climate variables (temperature and precipitation), soil characteristics, and socio-economic variables. Two models (with climate variables interaction and without climate variables interaction) were used under two growing environments (rain-fed and irrigated systems). We relaxed the assumption of additively separable climatic effects by including an interaction term in Ricardian equation to allow the effect of precipitation and temperature to be mutually dependent like in agronomic experiments. Data from 22,556 rice farmers across four countries were used. Results showed that if the average temperature increases by 1°C the net income of rice decreases by US$ 1,198. Results showed that irrigation can be applied as adaptation measure to climate change.
MOESM1 of Horizontal gene transfer contributes to virulence and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio harveyi 345 based on complete genome sequence analysis
Creators: name: Yiqin Deng
name: Haidong Xu
name: Youlu Su
name: Songlin Liu
name: Liwen Xu
name: Zhixun Guo
name: Jinjun Wu
name: Changhong Cheng
name: Feng, Juan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Global comparison of pollutant (antibiotics, heave metals, and nutrients) concentrations of water samples.
Genetics of Gland- in-situ or Hypoplastic Congenital Hypothyroidism in Macedonia
Creators: name: Zdraveska, Nikolina
name: Kocova, Mirjana
name: Nicholas, Adeline K.
name: Anastasovska, Violeta
name: Schoenmakers, Nadia
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Endocrinology
congenital hypothyroidism
dyshormonogenesis
goiter
thyroid hypoplasia
iodine
genes
screening

description: Neonatal screening in Macedonia detects congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with an incidence of 1 in 1,585, and more than 50% of cases exhibit a normally located gland-in-situ (GIS). Monogenic mutations causing dyshormonogenesis may underlie GIS CH; additionally, a small proportion of thyroid hypoplasia has a monogenic cause, such as TSHR and PAX8 defects. The genetic architecture of Macedonian CH cases has not previously been studied. We recruited screening-detected, non-syndromic GIS CH or thyroid hypoplasia cases (n = 40) exhibiting a spectrum of biochemical thyroid dysfunction ranging from severe permanent to mild transient CH and including 11 familial cases. Cases were born at term, with birth weight >3,000 g, and thyroid morphologies included goiter (n = 11), thyroid hypoplasia (n = 6), and apparently normal-sized thyroid. A comprehensive, phenotype-driven, Sanger sequencing approach was used to identify genetic mutations underlying CH, by sequentially screening known dyshormonogenesis-associated genes and TSHR in GIS cases and TSHR and PAX8 in cases with thyroid hypoplasia. Potentially pathogenic variants were identified in 14 cases, of which four were definitively causative; we also detected digenic variants in three cases. Seventeen variants (nine novel) were identified in TPO (n = 4), TG (n = 3), TSHR (n = 4), DUOX2 (n = 4), and PAX8 (n = 2). No mutations were detected in DUOXA2, NIS, IYD, and SLC26A7. The relatively low mutation frequency suggests that factors other than recognized monogenic causes (oligogenic variants, environmental factors, or novel genes) may contribute to GIS CH in this region. Future non–hypothesis-driven, next-generation sequencing studies are required to confirm these findings.
Manifestation of the Arnol'd Diffusion in Quantum Systems
Creators: name: Demikhovskii, V. Ya.
name: Izrailev, F. M.
name: Malyshev, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an analog of the classical Arnol'd diffusion in a quantum system of two coupled non-linear oscillators one of which is governed by an external periodic force with two frequencies. In the classical model this very weak diffusion happens in a narrow stochastic layer along the coupling resonance, and leads to an increase of total energy of the system. We show that the quantum dynamics of wave packets mimics, up to some extent, global properties of the classical Arnol'd diffusion. This specific diffusion represents a new type of quantum dynamics, and may be observed, for example, in 2D semiconductor structures (quantum billiards) perturbed by time-periodic external fields.
description: RevTex, 4 pages including 7 ps-figures, corrected format
On Direct and Indirect Scattering Approaches for Homogenization of Particulate Composites
Creators: name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical formalisms for the homogenization of particulate composites are identified as following either the direct scattering approach (DSA) or the indirect scattering approach (ISA). Both approaches can take inclusion size-dependence and distribution statistics into account. However, the DSA is generally limited to mediums with direction-independent constitutive properties and inclusions with simple shapes, but the ISA is not hobbled thus.
Empirical analysis on the development of policy objectives of the CAP
Creators: name: Arovuori, Kyosti
name: Arovuori, Kyosti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: policy effectiveness
subject: CAP
subject: instruments
subject: objectives

description: The objective of this study is to empirically analyze the effectiveness of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU, given the general economic and structural conditions under which the policies operate. The effectiveness of policies is measured in terms of the impacts of the policies on the stated policy objectives. The results show that policy target variables have developed in the desired direction. However, agricultural policies have kept more resources in the agriculture sector compared to a situation without policies, which has reduced the pace of productivity growth in terms of labour use and had a negative indirect impact on farmers’ incomes. Agricultural policy reforms have led to less stabilized markets in terms of increased price volatility.
A Monitor of the Focusing Strength of Plasma Lenses Using MeV Synchrotron Radiation
Creators: name: Field, Clive
name: Mazaheri, Gholam
name: Ng, Johnny S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The focusing strength of plasma lenses used with high energy electron or positron beams can give rise to synchrotron radiation with critical energies in the MeV range. A method is described for measuring the characteristic energy of this radiation as a way of monitoring the strength of the focus. The principle has been implemented in a plasma lens experiment with a 28.5 GeV positron beam.
Additional file 3 of Incorporating genetic networks into case-control association studies with high-dimensional DNA methylation data
Creators: name: Kipoong Kim
name: Hokeun Sun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: The averaged true positive rates of the network-based regularization method combined with normalized principal component (Net+nPC), two sample t-test using PCA (T-test), global test (GT), SAM-GS and Hotellingâ s T2 test (HT) are displayed along with different number of selected genes ranked by selection probability for Net+nPC and p-values for four individual tests, when the number of causal CPG sites in an outcome-related gene Ď and the noise level Ď have different values.(PDF 48 kb)
Climate variability, adaptation strategies and food security in Malawi
Creators: name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Kachulu, Mutie
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: McCarthy, Nancy
name: Lipper, Leslie
name: Arslan, Aslihan
name: Cattaneo, Andrea
name: Kachulu, Mutie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Q01
subject: Q12
subject: Q16
subject: Q18

description: This paper assesses farmers’ incentives and conditioning factors that hinder or promote adaptation strategies and evaluates its impact on crop productivity by utilizing household level data collected in 2011 from nationally representative sample households in Malawi. We distinguish between (i) exposure to climatic disruptions, (ii) bio-physical sensitivity to such disruptions, (iii) household adaptive capacity in terms of farmers’ ability to prepare and adjust to the resulting stress, and, finally, (iv) system-level adaptive capacity that serve as enabling factors for household-level adaptation. We employ a multivariate probit (MVP) and instrumental variable technique to model farming practice selection decisions and their yield impact estimates. We find that exposure to delayed onset of rainfall and greater climate variability as represented by the coefficient of variation of rainfall and temperature is positively associated with the choice of riskreducing agricultural practices such as tree planting, legume intercropping, and soil and water conservation (SWC); however, it reduces the use of inputs (such as inorganic fertilizer) whose risk reduction benefits are uncertain. Biophysical sensitivity of plots increases the likelihood of choice of tree planting and SWC. In terms of household adaptive capacity, we find that wealthier households are more likely to adopt both modern and sustainable land management (SLM) inputs; and are more likely to adopt SLM inputs on plots under more secure tenure. In terms of system-level adaptive capacity, results show the key role of rural institutions, social capital and supply-side constraints in governing selection decisions for all practices considered, but particularly for tree planting and both organic and inorganic fertilizer. Finally for productivity, we find that on average use of both modern and SLM practices have positive and statistically significant impact on productivity of maize. For SLM practices that also respond to exposure and sensitivity, these results provide direct evidence of their potential to aide households in adapting to further climate change. Results presented have implications for understanding and overcoming barriers to selection for each practice, distinguishing structural aspects such as exposure and sensitivity from potential interventions at the household or systemic levels linked to adaptive capacity.