cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tylenchorhynchus magnicauda Filipjev 1936
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Dolichodoridae
Tylenchorhynchus
Tylenchorhynchus magnicauda

description: Tylenchorhynchus magnicauda (Thorne, 1935) Filipjev, 1936
(Fig. 10).
 Dimensions of nine females: L = 0.68-0.92 mm; a = 25-30; b =4.0-4.7; c = 15-18; V = 19" 27 57- 6 1 21 - 28; spear = 25- 28 \i.
These specimens differ in some minor details from the original description. The excretory pore lies more anterior, viz. opposite the posterior part of the isthmus. The phasmids lie also more anterior, 43 % (38 -55) of tail length from the anus. Contrary to Allen's (1955) illustration the cuticle of the terminus is strongly thickened.
Tail 2. 1-2.8 anal body widths long, with 34-42 annules. Median bulb located at 46-48 % of neck length from head end. Terminal bulb very long, slightly overlapping. The large dorsal gland nucleus lies close to the base of the bulb. Vulva a transverse slit 11 (JL long. Male not found, female gonads without sperm. Body straight in death.
 This species is strongly reminiscent of the genus Pratylenchoides through shape of lip region, stout spear with very heavy basal knobs, posterior position of vulva, and cylindroid tail with broadly rounded, annulated terminus. So far it has been known only from the Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.
Samples 18, 26, 56 and 66.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Associations between self-reported weight history and sarcopenic obesity in adults with knee osteoarthritis
Creators: Godziuk, Kristine
Prado, Carla M.
Woodhouse, Linda J.
Forhan, Mary
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2021

Objective: Examine associations between self-reported weight history and sarcopenic obesity in adults with advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Self-reported weight history was collected from n=151 adults (58.9% female) with knee OA and a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 in a cross-sectional study. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), adjusted by BMI, <0.51 kg/m2 in females and <0.79 kg/m2 in males; prevalence was 27.2%. Weight gain in the preceding year, weight gain ≥5% of body weight in past decade, and multiple weight cycling events in lifespan [loss of ≥10 lbs (4.5 kg) with regain ≥3 times] were examined using logistic regression (adjusted by age, sex and %fat mass), with the dependent variable of sarcopenic obesity presence.

Results: Weight gain in the preceding year was associated with sarcopenic obesity (OR 2.45, 95%CI 1.02-5.87). No associations were found with weight gain in past decade (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.43-2.5), or weight cycling (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.37-2.01).

Conclusions: In adults with obesity and advanced knee OA, self-reported weight gain in the preceding year was associated with sarcopenic obesity. This patient population may benefit from recommendations that prioritize prevention of weight gain.
TaskTracker-tool: a Toolkit for Tracking of Code Snapshots and Activity Data During Solution of Programming Tasks
Creators: name: Lyulina, Elena
name: Birillo, Anastasiia
name: Kovalenko, Vladimir
name: Bryksin, Timofey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.2; K.3.2

description: The process of writing code and use of features in an integrated development environment (IDE) is a fruitful source of data in computing education research. Existing studies use records of students' actions in the IDE, consecutive code snapshots, compilation events, and others, to gain deep insight into the process of student programming. In this paper, we present a set of tools for collecting and processing data of student activity during problem-solving. The first tool is a plugin for IntelliJ-based IDEs (PyCharm, IntelliJ IDEA, CLion). By capturing snapshots of code and IDE interaction data, it allows to analyze the process of writing code in different languages -- Python, Java, Kotlin, and C++. The second tool is designed for the post-processing of data collected by the plugin and is capable of basic analysis and visualization. To validate and showcase the toolkit, we present a dataset collected by our tools. It consists of records of activity and IDE interaction events during solution of programming tasks by 148 participants of different ages and levels of programming experience. We propose several directions for further exploration of the dataset.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted at SIGCSE TS 2021
Millimeter Interferometric Investigations of the Energy Sources of Three Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies, UGC 5101, Mrk 273, and IRAS 17208-0014, based on HCN to HCO+ Ratios
Creators: name: Imanishi, Masatoshi
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Kohno, Kotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present interferometric observations of three ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs; UGC 5101, Mrk 273, and IRAS 17208-0014) in the 3-mm wavelength range, using the Nobeyama Millimeter Array. Both the HCN (J=1-0) and HCO+ (J=1-0) molecular lines were observed simultaneously. HCN emission was clearly detected at the nuclear positions of these ULIRGs, and HCO+ emission was detected at the nuclear positions of UGC 5101 and IRAS 17208-0014. The HCN to HCO+ brightness-temperature ratios toward the nuclei of the three ULIRGs were derived and compared with those of lower luminosity galaxies known to be dominated by active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or starbursts. In UGC 5101 and Mrk 273, where there is evidence for obscured AGNs from previous observations at other wavelengths, we found high HCN/HCO+ ratios (>1.8) that are in the range found for AGN-dominated galaxies. In IRAS 17208-0014, where the presence of a powerful obscured AGN has been unclear, the ratio (1.7) is in between the observed values for starburst- and AGN-dominated galaxies. The high HCN/HCO+ brightness-temperature ratios in UGC 5101 and Mrk 273 could be the consequence of an HCN abundance enhancement, which is expected from chemical effects of the central X-ray emitting AGN on the surrounding dense molecular gas. Our proposed millimeter interferometric method based on HCN/HCO+ ratios may be an effective tool for unveiling elusive buried AGNs at the cores of ULIRGs, especially because of the negligible dust extinction at these wavelengths.
description: 15 pages (emulateapj.sty), 8 figures (figures 1-5 resolution reduced), Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal, A PDF file with high resolution is availble at http://optik2.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~imanishi/Paper/HCN/HCN.pdf
Tylenchorhynchus arcticus Mulvey. A 1969
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Dolichodoridae
Tylenchorhynchus
Tylenchorhynchus arcticus

description: Tylenchorhynchus arcticus Mulvey, 1969
(Fig. 11).
Dimensions:
Females (n = 14): L = 0.99 -1. 25 mm; a = 31- 38; b = 5.9 - 7.6; c = 13 -21; V = 21- 3548- 5522" 33; spear = 34-37 JA.
Males (n = 11): L = 0.88 -1. 22 mm; a = 35-45; b = 5.7- 7.9; c = 14-16; T = 42-49; spear = 32-35 JA.
Body nearly straight in death, only male tail curved slightly to ventral side. Cuticle with peculiar punctation which may be a fixation artefact; composed of two well-demarcated layers. Annulation very fine (1 JA, on tail occasionally even less) but distinct. Lateral field with six longitudinal lines, the inner ones originating about level of base of oesophagus. The lateral field is very indistinct owing to the punctation. Deirids not visible. No longitudinal striation outside the lateral field.
 Lip region offset, knob-shaped, with six to seven annules; offset by a deep constriction. Perioral disc slightly raised, not refractive. Internal sclerotization of lips moderately developed, cheilorhabdions more distinct than in many other species of this genus. Spear very thin, with basal knobs directed posteriad. Orifice of dorsal oesophageal gland about 3 JA behind base of spear. Median bulb large, broadly oval, in the male slightly narrower; measuring 17-20 x 12-16 jj. in the female, 16-20 x 10-12 \x in the male. Valves central, distinct, located at 51- 55 % of oesophagus length from head end. Isthmus very long and thin. Terminal bulb large, saccate, slightly overlapping the mid-intestine. The nerve ring surrounds the middle of the isthmus. Hemizonid located slightly anterior to the end of the isthmus; the excretory pore lies 5-10 annules behind the hemizonid.
Female. Vulva transverse. Gonads with round spermathecas filled with sperm. No eggs. Tail conoid with round, almost smooth terminus, its length equal to 2.3 -3.3 anal body widths; with 54 - 74 annules. Phasmids located at 33-48 % of tail length.
 Male. Testis outstretched. Spicules tylenchoid, 26-29 jx long. Gubernaculum curved, 9 [x long. Bursa with crenate edge, enveloping tail. Just before the terminus the tail is constricted distinctly on the ventral side, slightly so on the dorsal side, thus resembling the tail of Pratylenchoides; its length equal to 3.5 -4.7 anal body widths.
Samples 3, 11, 18, 25, 40, 48, 52, 64 and 66.
 These specimens differ from the Canadian type specimens by the much stronger constriction of the male tail and by the higher number of tail annules in the female, Mulvey's illustration giving 46; however, five paratypes had 60- 70. From Geocenamus this species differs by the absence of a refractive perioral disc.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on pages 41-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Commensurate-incommensurate transition and associated collective modes in the stripe state of cuprates near 1/8 hole-doping
Creators: name: Kaneshita, E.
name: Martin, I.
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the anomalous behavior in hole-doped cuprates near 1/8 doping in terms of the commensurate-incommensurate transition of a stripe phase. Based on an effective Ginzburg-Landau theory appropriate for weak pinning, we calculate the commensurate-incommensurate transition point and the energies of the phason and amplitudon collective modes. Using experimentally available parameters, we estimate the phason gap (pinning frequency), the conductivity and the contribution of the phason mode to the dielectric function.
AMICO galaxy clusters in KiDS-DR3: Evolution of the luminosity function between z=0.1 and z=0.8
Creators: name: Puddu, E.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Sereno, M.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Maturi, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Bellagamba, F.
name: Giocoli, C.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Roncarelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of the $r$-band luminosity function (LF) of galaxies in a sample of about 4000 clusters detected by the cluster finder AMICO in the KiDS-DR3 area of about 400 deg$^2$, we studied the evolution with richness and redshift of the passive evolving (red), star-forming (blue), and total galaxy populations. This analysis was performed for clusters in the redshift range [0.1,0.8] and in the mass range [$10^{13} M_{\odot}$,$10^{15} M_{\odot}$]. To compute LFs, we binned the luminosity distribution in magnitude and statistically subtracted the background. Then, we divided the cluster sample in bins of both redshift and richness/mass. We stacked LF counts in each 2D bin for the total, red, and blue galaxy populations; finally, we fitted the stacked LF with a Schechter function and studied the trend of its parameters with redshift and richness/mass. We found a passive evolution with $z$ for the bright part of the LF for the red and total populations and no significant trends for the faint galaxies. The mass/richness dependence is clear for the density parameter $Φ_{\star}$, increasing with richness, and for the total population faint end, which is shallower in the rich clusters.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, to published in A&A
Pratylenchoides crenicauda Winslow 1958
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Pratylenchidae
Pratylenchoides
Pratylenchoides crenicauda

description: Pratylenchoides crenicauda Winslow, 1958.
Females (n = 2): L = 0.60 -0.63 mm; a = 27-33; b = 4.2- 4.7; c = 14-16; V = 24 ~ 2 557 - 58 22 - 27; spear = 20 fx.
Male (n = 1): L = 0.69 mm; a = 29; b = 5.3; c = 17; T = 43; spear = 20 (i.; spicules = 23 jx. The outline of the oesophageal gland lobe in this species rather resembles that of Tylenchorhynchus magnicauda, but the ventrosublateral gland nuclei lie more anterior.
Sample 56.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Every Jordan curve inscribes uncountably many rhombi
Creators: name: Fung, Antony T. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that every Jordan curve in $\mathbb{R}^2$ inscribes uncountably many rhombi. No regularity condition is assumed on the Jordan curve.
Helicotylenchus spitsbergensis A..L O O F 1971, n.sp.
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Hoplolaimidae
Helicotylenchus
Helicotylenchus spitsbergensis

description: Helicotylenchus spitsbergensis n.sp. (Fig. 12).
Dimensions:
Females (n = 8): L = 0.79- 1. 08 mm; a = 28 -38; b = 6.5 -8.1; c = 36 -42; V = 21 '2956-68 18 - 24.
Female, holotype: L = 0.91 mm; a = 38; b = 7. 3; c = 42; V = 236224. Male not found.
Body usually coiled into more than one convolution. Transverse striation distinct, about 1.5 [x apart on middle of body. Lateral field one-third as wide as body, with four longitudinal lines. Lip region continuous, hemispheroid, composed of four to five rather indistinct annules. Spear length 27- 31 |x (holotype 28 (x), the two parts of almost equal length- Spear knobs indented anteriorly. The dorsal oesophageal gland orifice lies 8 -9 [x behind the base of the spear. The median bulb lies at 64-71 % of total oesophagus length from head end (measured till junction ol lumen with mid-intestine). The oesophageal glands overlap the mid-intestine on all sides over fair distance, the ventrosublateral glands generally sligthly farther than the dorsal one. The excretory pore lies about six annules anterior to the oesophago-intestinal junction; the hemizonid is two annules long and lies one to two annules anterior to the excretory pore.
Vulva transverse. Vagina one-half of body width deep, with conspicuously cuticularized walls. Gonads paired, opposed and outstretched, each with an empty spermatheca which lies within the gonad, not dorsally of it. No eggs. Tail trapezoid to conoid, 1.3-1.4 anal body widths long, the posterior margin usually truncate; there are about 13 annules between anus and ventral terminal angle. Posterior margin distinctly, sometimes irregularly, striated. Tail slightly curved to ventral side. The cuticle is composed of two well-demarcated layers. Phasmids distinct, located from two annules before to three behind the anus.
.
Holotype: Female on slide WT 1126. Paratypes: Seven females on slides WT 1127-1131 and 1139.
Type habitat and locality: Sample 40. Paratypes also from samples 23, 25, 43 and 44. Juveniles found in sample 18.
This species is very close to H.platyurus Perry, 1959, from which it is distinguished by the spermatheca not being offset. From H.cavenessi Sher, 1966 (Nigeria) it differs by the same character and by being much longer and having a longer spear. From H. serenus Siddiqi, 1963 (India) it differs by larger body size, relatively shorter oesophagus and truncate tail.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Criconemoides hemisphaericaudatus Wu 1965
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Criconematidae
Criconemoides
Criconemoides hemisphaericaudatus

description: Criconemoides hemisphaericaudatus Wu, 1965
(Fig. 13, A -B).
One female. Dimensions: L = 0.51 mm; a = 13; b = 3.4; c = 28; V = 5493. Spear length = 84 pi. Rex = 36; RV = 10; Ran = 6; R = 116. Tail very bluntly rounded, posterior end of body tapering hardly, almost cylindroid. The annules 98 -115 show lateral indentations. There are occasional anastomoses, one to three together. Head end rounded, submedian lobes very small. The posterior margin of the annules is very finely crenate. Vulva apparently slightly open; the vagina runs almost transversely in its distal part. The posterior edge of the prevulvar annule is modified slightly, suggesting a small ornamentation on the anterior vulva lip in agreement with Wu's fig. 14.
Two very small juveniles (L -2 or L -3), one damaged. L = 0.23 mm; spear = 37 -40 ji.; gonad primordium = l i p.; Rex = 42, R = 127 (n = 1). Annules crenate with rather many anastomoses.
 This species is very close to C.morgensis (Hofmänner & Menzel, 1914) with which it was considered identical by de Grisse, 1968. However, I prefer to keep it apart because of the shape of the posterior body end (in morgensis tapering, truncate) and the appearance of the vulva: in morgensis it is distinctly closed in lateral view, situated on the middle of the annule; in hemisphaericaudatus it appears slightly open in lateral view (ventral view shows it to be closed really) and lies between two annules. In morgensis the vagina runs obliquely to the vulva, in hemisphaericaudatus almost transversely. Finally the crenation of the posterior margins of the annules appears more coarse in morgensis than in hemisphaericaudatus.
 Whether C. annulatus Taylor, 1936 is identical with morgensis or with hemisphaericaudatus cannot be decided for the moment: vagina direction suggests the former, tail shape the latter (Cf. Raski & Golden, 1966, fig. 4 D- E).
Female in sample 26; juveniles in 26 and 62.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Dynamics of Shock Probes in Driven Diffusive Systems
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Sakuntala
name: Barma, Mustansir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of shock-tracking probe particles in driven diffusive systems and also in equilibrium systems. In a driven system, they induce a diverging timescale that marks the crossover between a passive scalar regime at early times and a diffusive regime at late times; a scaling form characterises this crossover. Introduction of probes into an equilibrium system gives rise to a system-wide density gradient, and the presence of even a single probe can be felt across the entire system.
description: Accepted in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
Prisons as big business
Creators: name: Diepstraten, Frances
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Contemporary prison systems are faced with such overwhelming problems that they are argued to be in a crisis. Privatization of prisons is offered as the solution for the troubled penal system, both by private companies greedy to move in on this new expanding market, and by conservative governments eager to show they are "dealing" with crime but yet cutting costs. It is argued that by contracting out corrections to private firms, the quality of imprisonment can be improved, while money can be saved. This thesis explores whether privatization of prisons is the solution it is argued to be for the current penal crisis. To establish whether privatization is a solution for the penal crisis it is important to define this alleged penal crisis. In this thesis I demonstrate that the term penal crisis is not sufficient as it suggests that all that is needed is a quick emergency solution. Privatization is offered as such a solution, but it does not deal with the high imprisonment rates and the overrepresentation of minorities in the prison system. It does not deal with the nature and inefficiency of imprisonment itself or with any of the systematic problems of the criminal justice system such as discrimination and the definition of what constitutes crime. Privatization also does not deal with any of the underlying causes of crime in society, such as inequality, poverty, unemployment and problems resulting from colonialism. It is impossible to view privatization separately from these bigger issues in penality. Thus, my conclusion is that the problems in the prison system are so systematic and deep, and so engrained in the structure of society that privatization is not going to solve them.
Different kind of textures of Yukawa coupling matrices in the two Higgs doublet model type III
Creators: name: Carcamo, A.
name: Martinez, R.
name: Rodriguez, J. -Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark mass matrices ansatze proposed by Fritzsch, Du-Xing and Fukuyama-Nishiura in the framework of the general two Higgs doublet model are studied. The corresponding Yukawa matrices in the flavor basis in the different cases considered are discussed. The corresponding Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are computed in all cases and compared with their experimental values. The complex phases of the ansatze are taken into account and the CP violating phase $δ$ is computed. Finally, in order to observe the influence of the different kind of textures of Yukawa coupling matrices considered, some phenomenology of two body decays of the top quark, the lightest Higgs boson and the charged Higgs boson is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Added references, corrected typos. Errors corrected. References added
The general anti-avoidance rule: has it changed the face of tax avoidance?
Creators: name: Tremblay, Janie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Since time immemorial, there has been a (continual) duel between the taxing authorities and taxpayers. In Canada, this duel between Revenue Canada and taxpayers has become even more fierce over the past fifteen years. As a result, the Minister of Finance enacted the General Anti-Avoidance Rule ("GAAR") (section 245 of the Income Tax Act) which officially came into force on September 13, 1988. GAAR is intended to limit the boundaries of acceptable tax avoidance, but in a climate in which the ability to reduce taxes by use of tax avoidance schemes is a source of great pride, the far reaching scope and uncertain application of GAAR make it the most controversial section of the Act. These features also make GAAR the most promising tool by which to curtail tax avoidance. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis is to assess whether or not GAAR has changed the face of tax avoidance, and if so, how? In addressing this issue, the thesis takes the reader through a step by step analysis of GAAR's genesis. It starts with a review of former subsection 245(1) and the judicial antiavoidance doctrines existing prior to GAAR. This is followed by an analysis of the policy turmoil, having fairness as its core issue, which led to the rule. The conclusion will include an assessment of the final product. This step by step analysis enables the reader to understand the shortcomings of the pre-GAAR methods of dealing with tax avoidance and, subsequently, GAAR's potential. However, as all judicial decisions relating to GAAR are pending, inference from the principles established in recent tax avoidance decisions will be the basis for assessing GAAR's potential to circumscribe effectively tax avoidance. Despite the lack of case law interpreting GAAR, this thesis suggests that current judicial trends reveal that GAAR's success is subject to the somewhat aleatoric judicial system of a society which encourages tax avoidance. It is submitted that, in the end, GAAR has not changed the face of tax avoidance; it has simply modified the way taxpayers may reduce their tax liability and limited the class of people who can avail themselves of the benefits of tax avoidance. Certainly, GAAR does not contribute to the government's espoused policy of fairness in taxation.
Criconema Hofmänner & Menzel 1914
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Criconematidae
Criconema

description: Criconemal spec. (Fig. 13 C).
 Two juveniles. Dimensions: L = 0. 16 - 0.19 mm; a = 8 -10; b = 2.5-2.6; R = 70-71; spear = 33- 38 jx. Annules with eight alternating rows of broad, rounded scales. This would point rather to the genus Hemicriconemoides (see de Grisse & Loof, 1965) but this is a mainly tropical genus and in the Spitzbergen specimens head shape is more reminiscent of Criconema and Nothocriconema. Tail tapering, acute.
Sample 27.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Additional file 1 of Ketofol versus Dexmedetomidine for preventing postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing intestinal obstruction surgeries: a randomized controlled study
Creators: name: Abd Ellatif, Shereen E.
name: Mowafy, Sherif M. S.
name: Shahin, Mona A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Reporting checklist for randomised trial.
A new boson approach for the wobbling motion in even-odd nuclei
Creators: name: Raduta, A. A.
name: Raduta, C. M.
name: Poenaru, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A triaxial core rotating around the middle axis, i.e. 2-axis, is cranked around the 1-axis, due to the coupling of an odd proton from a high j orbital. Using the Bargmann representation of a new and complex boson expansion of the angular momentum components, the eigenvalue equation of the model Hamiltonian acquires a Schrödinger form with a fully separated kinetic energy. From a critical angular momentum, the potential energy term exhibits three minima, two of them being degenerate. Spectra of the deepest wells reflects a chiral-like structure. Energies corresponding to the deepest and local minima respectively, are analytically expressed within a harmonic approximation. Based on a classical analysis, a phase diagram is constructed. It is also shown that the transverse wobbling mode is unstable. The wobbling frequencies corresponding to the deepest minimum are used to quantitatively describe the wobbling properties in $^{135}$Pr. Both energies and e.m. transition probabilities are described.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures
Parametrized Stochastic Grammars for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction
Creators: name: Maier, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92D20 (Primary) 60J10, 68Q70 (Secondary)

description: We propose a two-level stochastic context-free grammar (SCFG) architecture for parametrized stochastic modeling of a family of RNA sequences, including their secondary structure. A stochastic model of this type can be used for maximum a posteriori estimation of the secondary structure of any new sequence in the family. The proposed SCFG architecture models RNA subsequences comprising paired bases as stochastically weighted Dyck-language words, i.e., as weighted balanced-parenthesis expressions. The length of each run of unpaired bases, forming a loop or a bulge, is taken to have a phase-type distribution: that of the hitting time in a finite-state Markov chain. Without loss of generality, each such Markov chain can be taken to have a bounded complexity. The scheme yields an overall family SCFG with a manageable number of parameters.
description: 5 pages, submitted to the 2007 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA 2007)
Additional file 1 of Inhibition of miR-542-3p augments autophagy to promote diabetic corneal wound healing
Creators: name: Liao, Danling
name: Wei, Shijia
name: Hu, Jianzhang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Immunofluorescence analysis of LC3B and P62 proteins with co-localized staining of nerves in corneal of control mice and diabetic mice. (n = 3 per group). Scale bar: 50 μm. Figure S2. Corneal opacity and corneal neovascularization of diabetic mice injected with RAPA (DM + RAPA) and diabetic mice injected with 3-MA (DM + 3-MA). n = 6 per group. Figure S3. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the expression of miR-542-3p between corneal and trigeminal ganglion (TG) tissues. n = 5 per group. Ctrl, control mice; DM, diabetic mice; ***, P < 0.001. Figure S4. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated the differential expression of miR-542-3p tissue between control (Ctrl) and diabetic (DM) mice at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after debridement (n = 3 per group). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Table S1. Image acquisition parameters for immunofluorescence. Table S2. Upregulated miRNA found from RNA-seq. Table S3. Downregulated miRNA found from RNA-seq. Table S4. Primer sequences and conditions for conventional Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).
Plectus parietinus Bastian 1865
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Plectida
Plectidae
Plectus
Plectus parietinus

description: Plectus parietinus Bastian, 1865.
Two females. Dimensions: L = 1.12-1.29 mm; a = 18- 22; b = 4.8 -5.3; c = 10-11; V = 11 -1345 - 471 0 "17.
This cosmopolitan species, easy to recognize, is apparently less common on Spitzbergen than several other species of this genus. Depth of stoma 28 \x. Amphids located just anterior to middle of stoma, their diameter 2.5 \x or one-eighth of corresponding body width. Excretory pore located at 56 % of neck length from head end. Hemizonid immediately anterior to excretory pore. Tail length equal to 3.1-3.4 anal body diameters.
Samples 4 and 63; juveniles in samples 1, 23 and 51.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Synchronization of Coupled Nonidentical Genetic Oscillators
Creators: name: Li, Chunguang
name: Chen, Luonan
name: Aihara, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The study on the collective dynamics of synchronization among genetic oscillators is essential for the understanding of the rhythmic phenomena of living organisms at both molecular and cellular levels. Genetic oscillators are biochemical networks, which can generally be modelled as nonlinear dynamic systems. We show in this paper that many genetic oscillators can be transformed into Lur'e form by exploiting the special structure of biological systems. By using control theory approach, we provide a theoretical method for analyzing the synchronization of coupled nonidentical genetic oscillators. Sufficient conditions for the synchronization as well as the estimation of the bound of the synchronization error are also obtained. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results, a population of genetic oscillators based on the Goodwin model are adopted as numerical examples.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
Ab initio mobility of mono-layer MoS2 and WS2: comparison to experiments and impact on the device characteristics
Creators: name: Lee, Youseung
name: Fiore, Sara
name: Luisier, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the linearized Boltzmann Transport Equation (LBTE) and quantum transport by means of the Non-equilibrium Green's Functions (NEGF) to simulate single-layer MoS2 and WS2 ultra-scaled transistors with carrier mobilities extracted from experiments. Electron-phonon, charged impurity, and surface optical phonon scattering are taken into account with all necessary parameters derived from ab initio calculations or measurements, except for the impurity concentration. The LBTE method is used to scale the scattering self-energies of NEGF, which only include local interactions. This ensures an accurate reproduction of the measured mobilities by NEGF. We then perform device simulations and demonstrate that the considered transistors operate far from their performance limit (from 50% for MoS2 to 60% for WS2). Higher quality materials and substrate engineering will be needed to improve the situation.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, In Proceedings of 2019 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM)
Plectus assimilis Butschli 1873
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Plectida
Plectidae
Plectus
Plectus assimilis

description: Plectus assimilis Bütschli, 1873
(Fig. 14).
Dimensions of five females: L = 0.61 -0.73 mm; a = 14-15; b = 4.0-4.7; c = 10-12; V = 8 - 1246 - 51 8 - 1 3.
This rather aberrant species can be recognized easily by its very plump body, tapering hardly towards the head end, strongly so towards tail end. Amphids 2.5 [i. wide or 15 % of corresponding body width; located only 0.4 head widths from anterior end. Depth of stoma 22-25 jx. Corpus and isthmus of oesophagus very broad. Cephalic setae 4;x long, directed anteriad. Vulva transverse, vagina only about one-quarter of body width deep. Tail length 3.6 -4.0 anal body widths; tail almost straight.
Samples 3, 4, 64 and 67. Juveniles in 27, 39 and 65.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Multi-pooled Inception features for no-reference image quality assessment
Creators: name: Varga, Domonkos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image quality assessment (IQA) is an important element of a broad spectrum of applications ranging from automatic video streaming to display technology. Furthermore, the measurement of image quality requires a balanced investigation of image content and features. Our proposed approach extracts visual features by attaching global average pooling (GAP) layers to multiple Inception modules of on an ImageNet database pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN). In contrast to previous methods, we do not take patches from the input image. Instead, the input image is treated as a whole and is run through a pretrained CNN body to extract resolution-independent, multi-level deep features. As a consequence, our method can be easily generalized to any input image size and pretrained CNNs. Thus, we present a detailed parameter study with respect to the CNN base architectures and the effectiveness of different deep features. We demonstrate that our best proposal - called MultiGAP-NRIQA - is able to provide state-of-the-art results on three benchmark IQA databases. Furthermore, these results were also confirmed in a cross database test using the LIVE In the Wild Image Quality Challenge database.
Wrapped branes as qubits
Creators: name: Borsten, L.
name: Dahanayake, D.
name: Duff, M. J.
name: Rubens, W.
name: Ebrahim, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has established a correspondence between the tripartite entanglement measure of three qubits and the macroscopic entropy of the four-dimensional 8-charge STU black hole of supergravity. Here we consider the configurations of intersecting D3-branes, whose wrapping around the six compact dimensions T^6 provides the microscopic string-theoretic interpretation of the charges, and associate the three-qubit basis vectors |ABC>, (A,B,C=0 or 1) with the corresponding 8 wrapping cycles. In particular, we relate a well-known fact of quantum information theory, that the most general real three-qubit state can be parameterized by four real numbers and an angle, to a well-known fact of string theory, that the most general STU black hole can be described by four D3-branes intersecting at an angle.
description: Version appearing in Phys. Rev. Lett, includes Type IIA description as well as Type IIB
Plectus inquirendus Andrassy 1958
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Plectida
Plectidae
Plectus
Plectus inquirendus

description: Plectus inquirendus Andrässy, 1958
(Fig. 15, A-B).
One female. Dimensions: L = 0.62 mm; a = 30; b = 3.8; c = 4.7; V =8449. Amphids cryptospiral, measuring 35 % of corresponding body width; located 16 [x or two lip region widths from head end, behind middle of mouth cavity, which is 23 [x deep, tapering in cheilostome, then narrow, tubular. Cephalic setae 4 \t. long,directed anteriad, located rather far backward (7 [x from head end). Lip region somewhat conoid. Cardia long, the posterior part of peculiar structure. This species is conspicuous for its slender body, very narrow stoma, by the corpus of the oesophagus being thicker than the isthmus, and by its very slender tail, measuring 12.2 anal body widths in the Spitzbergen specimen. Known so far only from Bulgaria.
Sample 37.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Plectus longicaudatus Butschli 1873
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Plectida
Plectidae
Plectus
Plectus longicaudatus

description: Plectus longicaudatus Bütschli, 1873.
Dimensions of 14 females: L = 0.56 -0.71 mm; a = 25 - 31; b = 3.9-4.4; c = 4.9- 5.8; V = 7- 1144-476 -10.
The amphid measures 2.4-3.6 fx or 22-31 % of corresponding body width. The tail measures 8.6 -10.9 anal body widths. One intra-uterine egg: 47 x 19 fx. This species is sometimes difficult to separate from long-tailed specimens of P. rhizophilus.
Samples 15, 16, 21 and 65.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
Improving the RSM map exoplanet detection algorithm: PSF forward modelling and optimal selection of PSF subtraction techniques
Creators: name: Dahlqvist, Carl-Henrik
name: Absil, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-contrast imaging (HCI) is one of the most challenging techniques for exoplanet detection. It relies on sophisticated data processing to reach high contrasts at small angular separations. Most data processing techniques of this type are based on the angular differential imaging (ADI) observing strategy to perform the reference PSF subtraction, and generally make use of signal-to-noise (S/N) maps to infer the existence of planetary signals via thresholding. An alternative method for generating the final detection map was recently proposed with the regime-switching model (RSM) map, which uses a regime-switching framework to generate a probability map based on cubes of residuals generated by different PSF subtraction techniques. In this paper, we present several improvements to the original RSM map, focusing on novel PSF subtraction techniques and their optimal combinations, as well as a new procedure for estimating the probabilities involved. We started by implementing two forward-model versions of the RSM map algorithm based on the LOCI and KLIP PSF subtraction techniques. We then addressed the question of optimally selecting the PSF subtraction techniques to optimise the overall performance of the RSM map. A new forward-backward approach was also implemented to take into account both past and future observations to compute the RSM map probabilities, leading to improved precision in terms of astrometry and lowering the background speckle noise. We tested the ability of these various improvements to increase the performance of the RSM map based on different data sets via a computation of ROC curves. These results demonstrate the benefits of these proposed improvements. Finally, we present a new framework to generate contrast curves based on probability maps. The contrast curves highlight the higher performance of the RSM map compared to a standard S/N map at small angular separations.
Plectus acuminatus Bastian 1865
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Plectida
Plectidae
Plectus
Plectus acuminatus

description: Plectus acuminatus Bastian, 1865.
Dimensions of 16 females: L = 0.58 -0.75 mm; a = 19 -26; b = 3.9 -4.3; c = 7.4-9.2; V = 9 - 1247- 504- 13.
The amphids measure 2.5;x or 20-25 % of corresponding body diameter. The tail measures 4.6-5.7 anal body widths. The body is curved strongly to the ventral side in death, sometimes into half a circle or more. By this feature this species can be distinguished from large specimens of P.parvus.
Samples 3, 4, 16, 19, 25, 38, 40, 57/58 and 67.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982
$μPT$ statistical ensemble: systems with fluctuating energy, particle number, and volume
Creators: name: Marzolino, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the theory of statistical ensemble, the so-called $μPT$ ensemble describes equilibrium systems that exchange energy, particles, and volume with the surrounding. General, model-independent features of volume and particle number statistics are derived. Non-analytic points of the partition function are discussed in connection with divergent fluctuations and ensemble equivalence. Quantum and classical ideal gases, and a model of Bose gas with mean-field interactions are discussed as examples of the above considerations.
Stratification of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Using Gene Expression Data to Reveal Expression of Distinct Immune Pathways
Creators: name: Deokar, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the tenth leading cause of death in females 15-24 years old in the US. The diversity of symptoms and immune pathways expressed in SLE patients causes difficulties in treating SLE as well as in new clinical trials. This study used unsupervised learning on gene expression data from adult SLE patients to separate patients into clusters. The dimensionality of the gene expression data was reduced by three separate methods (PCA, UMAP, and a simple linear autoencoder) and the results from each of these methods were used to separate patients into six clusters with k-means clustering. The clusters revealed three separate immune pathways in the SLE patients that caused SLE. These pathways were: (1) high interferon levels, (2) high autoantibody levels, and (3) dysregulation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The first two pathways have been extensively studied in SLE. However, mitochondrial apoptosis has not been investigated before to the best of our knowledge as a standalone cause of SLE, independent of autoantibody production, indicating that mitochondrial proteins could lead to a new set of therapeutic targets for SLE in future research.
Additional file 1 of Association of time spent outdoors with the risk of Parkinson’s disease: a prospective cohort study of 329,359 participants
Creators: name: Hu, Ling
name: Shi, Yisen
name: Zou, Xinyang
name: Lai, Zhaohui
name: Lin, Fabin
name: Cai, Guoen
name: Liu, Xianghong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Plectus parvus Bastian 1865
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Plectida
Plectidae
Plectus
Plectus parvus

description: Plectus parvus Bastian, 1865.
Dimensions of five females: L = 0.39-0.50 mm; a = 17-24; b = 3.5-3.9; c = 7.7- 9.4; V = 1 0 - 1451 - 538 - 12.
This species is recognized easily by its straight posture in death, except the tail which is bent to the ventral side; tail length is equal to 4.3 - 5.7 anal body widths. The post-equatorial vulva position is also characteristic.
Samples 7, 18, 19, 25, 31, 32, 43, 53, 55, 57/58, 62, 64, 65, 67 and 70.
In sample 4 a population was found, brought provisionally to P.parvus, but the body is larger and the vulva lies equatorial. The amphids measure 20- 23 % of corresponding body width; tail length is equal to 4.0 -5.3 anal body widths. Dimensions of 16 females: L = 0.49 -0.66 mm; a = 20-24; b = 3.6-4.2; c = 9. 1-11.8; V = 7 - 1 149 - 51 6 - 1 2.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on pages 47-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982