cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tunable electronic properties and electric-field-induced phase transition in phosphorene/graphene heterostructures
Creators: name: Mahdavifar, Maryam
name: Shekarforoush, Sima
name: Khoeini, Farhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shortcomings of mono-component systems, e.g., the gapless nature of graphene, the lack of air-stability in phosphorene, etc. have drawn great attention toward stacked materials expected to show interesting electronic and optical properties. Using the tight-binding approach and the Green's function method, we investigate the electronic properties of armchair-edged lateral phosphorene/graphene heterostructures, which are either semiconductor/semiconductor or semiconductor/metal heterostructures, depending on the width of graphene ribbon. It is found that the system is narrow-gapped, and the bandgap can be modulated by tuning the size of the domains. Besides, the analysis of the bandgap variation against the width of the component phosphorene ribbon indicates that, in semiconductor/metal heterostructure, phosphorene ribbon does not induce any electronic state near the Fermi level, suggesting that the suppressed electron transport should be attributed to the hole transfer across the interface. Furthermore, we show that the transverse electric field can significantly diversify the electronic behavior of the heterostructure, i.e., the heterostructure undergoes the semiconductor-metal phase transition. Moreover, tuning the transverse electric field yields an intriguing possibility that the system can undergo a topological phase transition from a band insulator to a topological insulator.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
New Horizontal Frustum Optical Waveguide Fabrication Using UV Proximity Printing
Creators: name: Lin, T. -H.
name: Yang, H.
name: Shyu, Ruey Fang
name: Chao, C. -K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel method to fabricate the horizontal frustum structure as a planar optical waveguide by using the proximity printing technique. A horizontal frustum optical waveguide with a both lateral and vertical taper structure was produced. The orthogonal and inclined masks with the diffraction effect were employed in lithography process. This method can precisely control each horizontal frustum optical waveguide geometric profile in the fabrication process. The horizontal frustum optical waveguide and its array with the same inclined angle were generated. The beam propagation simulation software (BPM_CAD) was used to modeling the optical performance. The simulation results reveal that the mode profile matched into horizontal frustum optical waveguide and fiber from the laser diode. The optical loss of horizontal hemi-frustum structure of optical waveguides was less than 0.2dB. The horizontal hemifrustum waveguide will be used for fiber coupling on boards for further optical communication systems.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Letter from J. Corbet at The Canadian Bank of Commerce to "Sir" [James Goldie], July 16, 1914
Creators: name: Canadian Bank Of Commerce
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to "Sir" [James Goldie] from J. Corbet at The Canadian Bank of Commerce, dated July 16, 1914, requesting Robert Stanhope Dormer send his statement of affairs to the bank.
The modification of a carbon monoxide instrument for improved sensitivity
Creators: name: Mann, Clarence
name: Campos, Teresa
name: VanReken, Timothy
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: Vertical fluxes
Air pollutants
Anthropogenic
Biogenic
Flourescence properties
Flow cell
Dew points
Noise photons

By measuring vertical fluxes of carbon monoxide (CO), the amount of air pollutants that originate from local versus transported anthropogenic and biogenic sources can be traced. This study focused on improving the sensitivity of a commonly used instrument that utilizes fluorescence properties of CO molecules in the VUV range to measure atmospheric CO mixing ratios and then determine vertical fluxes of CO. To improve its performance, the instrument’s flow cell was modified and applied with a highly absorptive CuO coating. After coating of the flow cell, measurements of CO mixing ratios at dew points of 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C were made with the modified instrument and compared to measurements made with the original instrument. Measurements at different dew points were made in order to check the effect of water interference on the instrument. Comparative evaluations of the different configurations of the instrument were based on its sensitivity to CO and signal-to-noise ratio. The sensitivity to CO of the modified instrument was determined to be about two times higher than the sensitivity to CO of the original instrument. However, large numbers of noise photons caused the signal to noise ratio of the modified instrument to be significantly lower than the signal to noise ratio of the original instrument. To decrease the number of noise photons, future work will be completed in which another layer of CuO coating will be applied to better absorb VUV light.
Spin alignment of dark matter haloes in filaments and walls
Creators: name: Aragón-Calvo, Miguel A.
name: van de Weygaert, Rien
name: Jones, Bernard J. T.
name: van der Hulst, J. M. Thijs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MMF technique is used to segment the cosmic web as seen in a cosmological N-body simulation into wall-like and filament-like structures. We find that the spins and shapes of dark matter haloes are significantly correlated with each other and with the orientation of their host structures. The shape orientation is such that the halo minor axes tend to lie perpendicular to the host structure, be it a wall or filament. The orientation of the halo spin vector is mass dependent. Low mass haloes in walls and filaments have a tendency to have their spins oriented within the parent structure, while higher mass haloes in filaments have spins that tend to lie perpendicular to the parent structure.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Oxytricha setigera Stokes 1891
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Hypotrichea
Oxytrichida
Oxytrichidae
Oxytricha
Oxytricha setigera

description: Oxytricha setigera Stokes, 1891
Distribution. BRAZIL: Paraná River between the Nupelia’s Field Station and the district of Porto São José, São Pedro do Paraná (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad). MEXICO: Coffee plantation La Onza, near Coatepec (DuránRamírez et al. 2015), (Th); Coffee plantation Virginia Armand, near Coatepec (Durán-Ramírez et al. 2015), (Th).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Attosecond Pulse-shaping using a seeded free-electron laser
Creators: name: Maroju, Praveen Kumar
name: Grazioli, Cesare
name: Di Fraia, Michele
name: Moioli, Matteo
name: Ertel, Dominik
name: Ahmadi, Hamed
name: Plekan, Oksana
name: Finetti, Paola
name: Allaria, Enrico
name: Giannessi, Luca
name: De Ninno, Giovanni
name: Spezzani, Carlo
name: Penco, Giuseppe
name: Demidovich, Alexander
name: Danailov, Miltcho
name: Borghes, Roberto
name: Kourousias, Georgios
name: Reis, Carlos Eduardo Sanches Dos
name: Billé, Fulvio
name: Lutman, Alberto A.
name: Squibb, Richard J.
name: Feifel, Raimund
name: Carpeggiani, Paolo
name: Reduzzi, Maurizio
name: Mazza, Tommaso
name: Meyer, Michael
name: Bengtsson, Samuel
name: Ibrakovic, Neven
name: Simpson, Emma Rose
name: Mauritsson, Johan
name: Csizmadia, Tamás
name: Dumergue, Mathieu
name: Kühn, Sergei
name: G., Harshitha N.
name: You, Daehyun
name: Ueda, Kiyoshi
name: Labeye, Marie
name: Bækhøj, Jens Egebjerg
name: Schafer, Kenneth J.
name: Gryzlova, Elena V.
name: Grum-Grzhimailo, Alexei N.
name: Prince, Kevin C.
name: Callegari, Carlo
name: Sansone, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Attosecond pulses are fundamental for the investigation of valence and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescale. At present the reproducible generation and characterisation of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated only through the process of high-order harmonic generation. Several methods for the shaping of attosecond waveforms have been proposed, including metallic filters, multilayer mirrors and manipulation of the driving field. However, none of these approaches allow for the flexible manipulation of the temporal characteristics of the attosecond waveforms, and they suffer from the low conversion efficiency of the high-order harmonic generation process. Free Electron Lasers, on the contrary, deliver femtosecond, extreme ultraviolet and X-ray pulses with energies ranging from tens of $\mathrmμ$J to a few mJ. Recent experiments have shown that they can generate sub-fs spikes, but with temporal characteristics that change shot-to-shot. Here we show the first demonstration of reproducible generation of high energy ($\mathrmμ$J level) attosecond waveforms using a seeded Free Electron Laser. We demonstrate amplitude and phase manipulation of the harmonic components of an attosecond pulse train in combination with a novel approach for its temporal reconstruction. The results presented here open the way to perform attosecond time-resolved experiments with Free Electron Lasers.
A Fully Parameterized Fem Model for Electromagnetic Optimization of an RF Mems Wafer Level Package
Creators: name: Iannacci, J.
name: Tian, J.
name: Gaddi, R.
name: Gnudi, A.
name: Bartek, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present a fully parameterized capped transmission line model for electromagnetic optimization of a wafer level package (WLP) for RF MEMS applications using the Ansoft HFSS-TM electromagnetic simulator. All the degrees of freedom (DoF's) in the package fabrication can be modified within the model in order to optimize for losses and mismatch (capacitive and inductive couplings) introduced by the cap affecting the MEMS RF behaviour. Ansoft HFSS-TM was also validated for the simulation of capped RF MEMS devices by comparison against experimental data. A test run of capped 50 transmission lines and shorts was fabricated and tested.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Correlating atmospheric water vapor and hurricane development
Creators: name: Mayo, Talea
name: Braun, John
name: Van Hove, Teresa
name: Rew, None
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: Direct correlations
GPS
Landfall
Wind speed
Pressure
Hurricane intensity
Forecasting models

Research has indicated that there may be a relationship between water vapor and hurricane development; however, traditional methods of measuring water vapor lack the accuracy necessary to make direct correlations. In this study, GPS water vapor data from areas near the point of landfall of hurricanes that occurred between 2003 and 2005 were obtained and correlated to other hurricane elements such as wind speed and pressure. Findings included indications of a direct relationship between the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere and hurricane intensity. This demonstrates the need to include water vapor data in hurricane forecasting models.
Principally polarizable isogeny classes of abelian surfaces over finite fields
Creators: name: Howe, Everett W.
name: Maisner, Daniel
name: Nart, Enric
name: Ritzenthaler, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10; 11G25, 14G15

description: Let A be an isogeny class of abelian surfaces over F_q with Weil polynomial x^4 + ax^3 + bx^2 + aqx + q^2. We show that A does not contain a surface that has a principal polarization if and only if a^2 - b = q and b < 0 and all prime divisors of b are congruent to 1 modulo 3. We use this result in a forthcoming paper in which we determine which isogeny classes of abelian surfaces over finite fields contain Jacobians.
The George Breck & Gilbert Reynolds Project: An Eyewitness Account of the Battle of Gettysburg
Creators: name: Gorman, Jr., Daniel
Publisher: name: University of Rochester
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 430321
subject: North American history

description: From the Introduction: "During the Spring 2012 semester, I needed to write a term paper incorporating primary sources for HIS 249, The Civil War. I went to the Rare Books Department at Rush Rhees Library and inquired whether the archive contained any Civil War-era documents. Phyllis Andrews, one of the subject librarians with whom I had consulted on prior research projects, selected several boxes of primary source documents from the Mather Family Papers, the Loren Jesse Ames Papers, and the Gilbert H. Reynolds Papers."This document was adapted from a webpage hosted on the Rare Books, Special Collections, and Manuscripts website, before being converted into a static document and uploaded to URRR on 2024-10-08.
Appell and Sheffer sequences: on their characterizations through functionals and examples
Creators: name: Carrillo, Sergio A.
name: Hurtado, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A40, 11B83, 11B68

description: The aim of this paper is to present a new simple recurrence for Appell and Sheffer sequences in terms of the linear functional that defines them, and to explain how this is equivalent to several well-known characterizations appearing in the literature. We also give several examples, including integral representations of the inverse operators associated to Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, and a new integral representation of the re-scaled Hermite $d$-orthogonal polynomials generalizing the Weierstrass operator related to the Hermite polynomials.
Pulsar Wind Nebulae and the Non-thermal X-Ray Emission of Millisecond Pulsars
Creators: name: Cheng, K. S.
name: Taam, Ronald E.
name: Wang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-thermal, non-pulsed X-ray emission of MSPs is investigated. As in young pulsars, MSPs emit a relativistic wind, which interacting with the interstellar medium and/or a binary companion can significantly contribute to the non-pulsed emission of these pulsars. An application and extension of a simple model developed for young pulsars is applied to the old recycled MSP B1957+20. It is found that the pulsar wind can, indeed, contribute to both the resolved and unresolved X-ray emission. For other MSP in the Galactic field where the spectral index of the non-pulsed component has been measured (i.e., PSR B1937+21, J0218+4232) the contribution of the pulsar wind to the non-pulsed X-ray luminosity is estimated. For the MSPs in the core regions of globular clusters, the pulsar wind nebula is likely affected by its interaction with the dense stellar environment, possibly leading to a diminished contribution to the total X-ray emission. In this case, the existence of non-thermal non-pulsed X-ray emission is more likely for binary rather than isolated MSPs with the emission arising from the interaction of the relativistic pulsar wind with a binary companion. Our study suggests that the magnetization parameter in the pulsar wind nebulae of MSPs is significantly larger than that of the Crab nebula by about a factor of 10. The emission from MSPs moving at high velocities may appear spatially extended with a tail-like morphology, which may contribute to the faint filamentary X-ray source subpopulation in the Galaxy.
description: To be appeared in ApJ April 2006
Single-spin asymmetry from pomeron-odderon interference
Creators: name: Jarvinen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse single-spin asymmetry A_N observed in high energy proton-proton collisions p^\uparrow p \to pi X has been found to increase with the momentum fraction x_F of the pion up to the largest measured x_F \sim 0.8, where A_N \simeq 40%. We consider the possibility that the asymmetry is due to a non-perturbatively generated spin-flip coupling in soft rescattering on the target proton. We demonstrate using perturbation theory that a non-vanishing asymmetry can be generated through interference between exchanges of even and odd charge conjugation provided both helicity flip and non-flip couplings contribute. Pomeron and odderon exchange can thus explain the energy independence of the asymmetry and predicts that the asymmetry should persist in events with large rapidity gaps.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Talk at the "Advanced studies institute on symmetries and spin", Prague, July 19-26. v2: Added references
Letter from J.E. McAllister to Jas. [James] Goldie, July 22, 1914
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to James Goldie from J.E. McAllister, dated July 22, 1914, regarding bank arrangements of Rainbow Ranche and Bellevue Ranche; includes copy of McAllister's letter to the manager of the Canadian Bank of Commerce in Vernon, B.C.
Stationary quantum Markov process for the Wigner function
Creators: name: Hashimoto, T.
name: Horibe, M.
name: Hayashi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a stochastic model for quantum mechanics we present a stationary quantum Markov process for the time evolution of the Wigner function on a lattice phase space Z_N x Z_N with N odd. By introducing a phase factor extension to the phase space, each particle can be treated independently. This is an improvement on earlier methods that require the whole distribution function to determine the evolution of a constituent particle. The process has branching and vanishing points, though a finite time interval can be maintained between the branchings. The procedure to perform a simulation using the process is presented.
description: 12 pages, no figures; replaced with version accepted for publication in J. Phys. A, title changed, an example added
The impact of megacities on the emission of NO2 using GOME SCIAMACHY data
Creators: name: Morris, Imani
name: Massie, Steven
name: Barnes, Timothy
name: Lefer, Barry
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: NO2 concentrations
Anthropogenic sources
Decadal population
Energy consumption
Industrial activities
Population growth

Continuous satellite measurements now offer the opportunity to compare NO₂ concentrations to variables such as anthropogenic sources. Decadal population and NO₂ trends were analyzed for 14 regions by use of population data records from Columbia University and NO₂ column data from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) and the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric CHartography (SCIAMACHY) instruments. A number of noteworthy trends are present in the time series the most important being that despite population increases in many regions around the world, NO₂ decreases were present in all regions of study except for Beijing and a selected Pacific Ocean region. An increase in NO₂ of 14.9% was present over the selected Pacific Ocean region. This may have been due to influences from surrounding regions. However, further research of this region is essential to determine a definite cause. NO₂ increased 72% per decade over China and this is likely related to increases in energy consumption of 149% per decade and other industrial activities in China, while the population increased at 9.5% per decade. These trends indicate that population growth and increasing energy consumption and industrial activity are correlated and without effective limitations on energy consumption and industrial activity pollutants in the atmosphere will continue to increase.
Leveraging Process Mining on the Shop Floor: An Exploratory Study - Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Rothhagen, Felix
name: Kerst, Felix
name: Kant Mandal, Eduard
name: Çetin, Candan
name: Ullrich, Carolin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Process Mining
Shop Floor
Manufacturing
Interview Study

description: Supplementary information accompanying the main research article:"Leveraging Process Mining on the Shop Floor: An Exploratory Study"
Development of a Nanostructual Microwave Probe Based on GaAs
Creators: name: Ju, Y.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Soyama, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the development of nanotechnology, the measurement of electrical properties in local area of materials and devices has become a great need. Although a lot kind of scanning probe microscope have been developed for satisfying the requirement of nanotechnology, a microscope technique which can determine electrical properties in local area of materials and devices is not yet developed. Recently, microwave microscope has been an interest to many researchers, due to its potential in the evaluation of electrical properties of materials and devices. The advance of microwave is that the response of materials is directly relative to the electromagnetic properties of materials. However, because of the problem of the structure of probes, nanometer-scale resolution has not been successful. To achieve the goal, a new structure microwave probe is required. In this paper, we report a nanostructural microwave probe. To restrain the attenuation of microwave in the probe, GaAs was used as the substrate of the probe. To obtain the desired structure, wet etching was used to fabricate the probe. Different with the dry etching, a side-etching will occur under the etching mask. Utilizing this property, a micro tip can be fabricated by etching a wafer, of which a small mask was introduced on the surface in advance.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
ModuleGuard:Understanding and Detecting Module Conflicts in Python Ecosystem
Creators: name: Zhu, Ruofan
name: Wang, Xingyu
name: Liu, Chengwei
name: Xu, Zhengzi
name: Shen, Wenbo
name: Chang, Rui
name: Liu, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2; K.6.3
subject: 65-04

description: Python has become one of the most popular programming languages for software development due to its simplicity, readability, and versatility. As the Python ecosystem grows, developers face increasing challenges in avoiding module conflicts, which occur when different packages have the same namespace modules. Unfortunately, existing work has neither investigated the module conflict comprehensively nor provided tools to detect the conflict. Therefore, this paper systematically investigates the module conflict problem and its impact on the Python ecosystem. We propose a novel technique called InstSimulator, which leverages semantics and installation simulation to achieve accurate and efficient module extraction. Based on this, we implement a tool called ModuleGuard to detect module conflicts for the Python ecosystem. For the study, we first collect 97 MC issues, classify the characteristics and causes of these MC issues, summarize three different conflict patterns, and analyze their potential threats. Then, we conducted a large-scale analysis of the whole PyPI ecosystem (4.2 million packages) and GitHub popular projects (3,711 projects) to detect each MC pattern and analyze their potential impact. We discovered that module conflicts still impact numerous TPLs and GitHub projects. This is primarily due to developers' lack of understanding of the modules within their direct dependencies, not to mention the modules of the transitive dependencies. Our work reveals Python's shortcomings in handling naming conflicts and provides a tool and guidelines for developers to detect conflicts.
description: The paper was accepted by ICSE24
Assessing the prospects for employment in an expansion of U.S. aquaculture
Creators: name: Ngo, Nicole
name: Hoagland, Porter
name: Jin, Di
name: Kite-Powell, Hauke
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: Seafood
NOAA
Employment estimates
Proposed expansion
Trade deficit

The United States imports 60 percent of its seafood, leading to a $7 billion seafood trade deficit. To mitigate this deficit, the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a branch of the U.S. Department of Commerce, has promoted the expansion of U.S. production of seafood by aquaculture. NOAA projects that the future expansion of a U.S. aquaculture industry could produce as much as $5 billion in annual sales. NOAA claims that one of the benefits of this expansion would be an increase in employment from 180,000 to 600,000 persons (100,000 indirect jobs and 500,000 direct jobs). Sources of these estimates and the assumptions upon which they are based are unclear, however. The Marine Aquaculture Task Force (MATF), an independent scientific panel, has been skeptical of NOAAâs employment estimates, claiming that its sources of information are weak and based upon dubious assumptions. If NOAA has exaggerated its employment projections, then the benefits from an expansion of U.S. aquaculture production would not be as large as projected. My study examined published estimates of labor productivity from the domestic and foreign aquaculture of a variety of species, and I projected the potential increase in employment associated with a $5 billion aquaculture industry, as proposed by NOAA. Results showed that employment estimates will range from only 40,000 to 128,000 direct jobs by 2025 as a consequence of the proposed expansion. Consequently, NOAA may have overestimated its employment projections--possibly by as much as 170 percent, implying that NOAAâs employment estimate requires further research or adjustment.
A novel in vitro device to deliver induced electromagnetic fields to cell and tissue cultures
Creators: name: Ravin, Rea
name: Cai, Teddy X.
name: Pursley, Randall H.
name: Garmendia-Cedillos, Marcial
name: Pohida, Tom
name: Freidlin, Raisa Z.
name: Wang, Herui
name: Zhuang, Zhengping
name: Giles, Amber J.
name: Williamson, Nathan H.
name: Gilbert, Mark R.
name: Basser, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a novel in vitro instrument that can deliver intermediate frequency (100 - 400 kHz), moderate intensity (up to and exceeding 6.5 V/cm pk-pk) electric fields (EFs) to cell and tissue cultures generated using induced electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in a solenoid coil. A major application of these EFs is as an emerging cancer treatment modality. In vitro studies by Novocure Ltd. reported that intermediate frequency (100 - 300 kHz), low amplitude (1 - 3 V/cm) EFs, which they called "Tumor Treating Fields" (TTFields), had an anti-mitotic effect on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. The effect was found to increase with increasing EF amplitude. Despite continued theoretical, preclinical, and clinical study, the mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. Previous in vitro studies of "TTFields" have used attached, capacitively coupled electrodes to deliver alternating EFs to cell and tissue cultures. This contacting delivery method suffers from a poorly characterized EF profile and conductive heating that limits the duration and amplitude of the applied EFs. In contrast, our device delivers EFs with a well-characterized radial profile in a non-contacting manner, eliminating conductive heating and enabling thermally regulated EF delivery. To test and demonstrate our system, we generated continuous 200 kHz EMF with an EF amplitude profile spanning 0 - 6.5 V/cm pk-pk and applied them to human thyroid cell cultures for 72 hours. We observed moderate reduction in cell density (< 10%) at low EF amplitudes (< 4 V/cm) and a greater reduction in cell density of up to 25% at higher amplitudes (4 - 6.5 V/cm). Our device can be extended to other EF frequency and amplitude regimes. Future studies with this device should contribute to the ongoing debate about the efficacy and mechanism(s) of action of "TTFields" by better isolating the effects of EFs.
description: The first two authors contributed equally. 18 pages, 9 figures + Supplemental Material
Termination of Rewriting on Reversible Boolean Circuits as a Free 3-Category Problem
Creators: name: Barile, Adriano
name: Berardi, Stefano
name: Roversi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Reversible Boolean Circuits are an interesting computational model under many aspects and in different fields, ranging from Reversible Computing to Quantum Computing. Our contribution is to describe a specific class of Reversible Boolean Circuits - which is as expressive as classical circuits - as a bi-dimensional diagrammatic programming language. We uniformly represent the Reversible Boolean Circuits we focus on as a free 3-category Toff. This formalism allows us to incorporate the representation of circuits and of rewriting rules on them, and to prove termination of rewriting. Termination follows from defining a non-identities-preserving functor from our free 3-category Toff into a suitable 3-category Move that traces the "moves" applied to wires inside circuits.
description: Presented at the 24th Italian Conference on Theoretical Computer Science (ICTCS 2023), September 13-15, 2023, Palermo, Italy
Cosmological zoo -- accelerating models with dark energy
Creators: name: Szydlowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ecent observations of type Ia supernovae indicate that the Universe is in an accelerating phase of expansion. The fundamental quest in theoretical cosmology is to identify the origin of this phenomenon. In principle there are two possibilities: 1) the presence of matter which violates the strong energy condition (a substantial form of dark energy), 2) modified Friedmann equations (Cardassian models -- a non-substantial form of dark matter). We classify all these models in terms of 2-dimensional dynamical systems of the Newtonian type. We search for generic properties of the models. It is achieved with the help of Peixoto's theorem for dynamical system on the Poincar{é} sphere. We find that the notion of structural stability can be useful to distinguish the generic cases of evolutional paths with acceleration. We find that, while the $Λ$CDM models and phantom models are typical accelerating models, the cosmological models with bouncing phase are non-generic in the space of all planar dynamical systems. We derive the universal shape of potential function which gives rise to presently accelerating models. Our results show explicitly the advantages of using a potential function (instead of the equation of state) to probe the origin of the present acceleration. We argue that simplicity and genericity are the best guide in understanding our Universe and its acceleration.
description: RevTeX4, 23 pages, 10 figures
Evaluation of the Accuracy of GPS as a Method of Locating Traffic Collisions
Creators: name: Green, Eric R.
name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of this study were to determine the accuracy of GPS units as a traffic crash location tool, evaluate the accuracy of the location data obtained using the GPS units, and determine the largest sources of any errors found.  The analysis showed that the currently used GPS unit is capable of obtaining accurate latitude and longitude data at a crash site that would allow the site to be properly located. However, substantial differences were found between the location of some crashes as identified with the GPS and milepoint (CRMP) data. Of a sample of 100 random crashes, 55 percent were found to have an accurate GPS reading and 58 percent were found to have an accurate CRMP location. There was a large range in the difference between the GPS and CRMP data by county and police agency. This shows both the accuracy that can be obtained with proper training and use as well as the lack of proper training and/or use of the GPS units at some jurisdictions. The source of errors found for the GPS data was related to the operator rather than the equipment or environment. The actions necessary to significantly improve the accuracy of the GPS data are manageable and relate to training, proper use of the GPS unit, care when placing the GPS data onto the crash report, and a minor modification to the crash report. The source of errors related to the CRMP data primarily dealt with improper interpretation of the milepoint log, inaccurate use of the available mileposts and lack of knowledge of current data available. A few edits of the crash data could be used which would significantly improve the accuracy of both the GPS and CRMP data.  Recommendations were made to improve the accuracy of both GPS and CRMP data. These included additions to the GPS procedure pamphlet, a minor modification to the crash report, additional training in the use of the GPS unit, providing up-to-date milepoint logbooks, and using an edit which checks the accuracy of the GPS and CRMP data.
k-Winners-Take-All Ensemble Neural Network
Creators: name: Agarap, Abien Fred
name: Azcarraga, Arnulfo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ensembling is one approach that improves the performance of a neural network by combining a number of independent neural networks, usually by either averaging or summing up their individual outputs. We modify this ensembling approach by training the sub-networks concurrently instead of independently. This concurrent training of sub-networks leads them to cooperate with each other, and we refer to them as "cooperative ensemble". Meanwhile, the mixture-of-experts approach improves a neural network performance by dividing up a given dataset to its sub-networks. It then uses a gating network that assigns a specialization to each of its sub-networks called "experts". We improve on these aforementioned ways for combining a group of neural networks by using a k-Winners-Take-All (kWTA) activation function, that acts as the combination method for the outputs of each sub-network in the ensemble. We refer to this proposed model as "kWTA ensemble neural networks" (kWTA-ENN). With the kWTA activation function, the losing neurons of the sub-networks are inhibited while the winning neurons are retained. This results in sub-networks having some form of specialization but also sharing knowledge with one another. We compare our approach with the cooperative ensemble and mixture-of-experts, where we used a feed-forward neural network with one hidden layer having 100 neurons as the sub-network architecture. Our approach yields a better performance compared to the baseline models, reaching the following test accuracies on benchmark datasets: 98.34% on MNIST, 88.06% on Fashion-MNIST, 91.56% on KMNIST, and 95.97% on WDBC.
description: Presented in ICONIP 2021
Sulfuric acid in the woods and a connection to aerosols
Creators: name: Orozco, Marco
name: Mauldin, Lee
name: Smith, Anne
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: Chemical reactions
Light reflection
Sulfuric acid
Aerosol formation
Environment

Aerosols are particles in the atmosphere that are responsible for many chemical reactions and play a key role in light reflection. However, even though aerosols are well known, the formation of aerosols is still unclear. The Chemical Emission. Loss. Transformation and Interactions within Canopies second campaign (CELTIC-II) is looking at the different factors that goes into the makeup of aerosols. One of the key focuses of this study is to look at the concentration of sulfuric acid and OH because of their involvement in aerosol formation. Sulfuric acid is one of the key components to aerosol formation. Because of its low vapor pressure, sulfuric acid in the gas phase rapidly condenses to form particles. Any gaseous sulfate that is found in the atmosphere must have been formed recently by chemical reactions. OH is the atmosphere's primary oxidant and plays many roles in the chemistry of the environment: one being a necessary chemical for sulfuric acid formation in the gas phase. This study looks at concentration of sulfuric acid and OH in the atmosphere at Niwot Ridge Colorado for 4 weeks during the summer of 2006 using a Selected Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SICIMS). a technique that is able to measure as low as 30 - 40 ppqv. During days of high sun. SICIMS measured concentrations of Sulfuric acid from 5x10⁶ to 25xl0⁶ molecule cm⁻³ and concentrations of OH around 0.6x10⁶ molecule cm. These data will be used in a test model of aerosol formation.
Cavity Optomechanics with a Laser Engineered Optical Trap
Creators: name: Sesin, P.
name: Anguiano, S.
name: Bruchhausen, A. E.
name: Lemaître, A.
name: Fainstein, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser engineered exciton-polariton networks could lead to dynamically configurable integrated optical circuitry and quantum devices. Combining cavity optomechanics with electrodynamics in laser configurable hybrid designs constitutes a platform for the vibrational control, conversion, and transport of signals. With this aim we investigate 3D optical traps laser-induced in quantum-well embedded semiconductor planar microcavities. We show that the laser generated and controlled discrete states of the traps dramatically modify the interaction between photons and phonons confined in the resonators, accessing through coupling of photoelastic origin $g_\mathrm{0}/2π\sim 1.7$ MHz an optomechanical cooperativity $C>1$ for mW excitation. The quenching of Stokes processes and double-resonant enhancement of anti-Stokes ones involving pairs of discrete optical states in the side-band resolved regime, allows the optomechanical cooling of 180 GHz bulk acoustic waves, starting from room temperature down to $\sim120$ K. These results pave the way for dynamical tailoring of optomechanical actuation in the extremely-high-frequency range (30-300 GHz) for future network and quantum technologies.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures
Meteorological conditions of extreme dust events in the Chihuahuan desert region of the United States and Mexico
Creators: name: Rivera Rivera, Nancy
name: Hand, Jennifer
name: Smith, Lesley
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: Radiative balance
Mineral aerosols
Satellite remote sensing data
Weather map information
Back-trajectory
Cyclones

Extreme dust events can play a significant role in altering the earthâs radiative balance by lofting considerable amounts of mineral aerosols into the atmosphere. This study investigates the meteorological conditions that lead to the initiation of mineral dust events in the Chihuahuan desert region of the United States and Mexico. This research is a continuation of work by Rivera et al. (2005) that focused on characterizing dust sources in the Chihuahuan desert region by analyzing satellite remote sensing data. Back-trajectory, residence time analyses, and weather map information were used to investigate the conditions that lead to these events and to the potentially long-range transport of the dust across the U.S. Results from NOAA HYSPLIT back trajectory analyses suggest wind speeds near 10 m/s occur during events, higher than observed during calm periods. Weather maps showed patterns of low pressure systems over the area of New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle suggesting that our dust events could be influenced by the formation of cyclones and fronts. Residence time calculations and source contribution function suggest similar large scale wind patterns from the southwest during dust events, consistent with dust transport as observed from satellite imagery and cyclonic wind patterns seen in the weather maps.
Developing an Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture for the KIPDA Region
Creators: name: Crabtree, Joseph D.
name: Walton, Jennifer R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report describes the development of a regional Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Architecture for the five-county urban area under the auspices of the Kentuckiana Regional Planning and Development Agency (KIPDA). The architecture development process included the following steps: (1) Preliminary Architecture Work; (2) Inventory of Existing and Planned Projects; (3) Assessment of Regional Needs; (4) Development of Preliminary Architecture; (5) Review and Revision of Architecture; and (6) Delivery of Final Architecture and Documentation. Principal tools used in the development included the National ITS Architecture (version 4.0) and the Turbo Architecture software (version 2.0). Deliverables included the architecture database (created using the Turbo software), a set of 61 customized market package diagrams (representing 36 market packages), and several reports generated by the Turbo software.
Assessing the precision of GPS radio occultation
Creators: name: Rodriguez Manzanet, Luna
name: Kuo, Ying-Hwa
name: Schreiner, William
name: Ellis, Scott
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2006
Subjects: COSMIC
Collocated soundings
Scintillation index
Tropopause
Refractivity
Mesoscale
Synoptic scale
Radiosonde
Climate analysis

There have been previous theoretical, experimental, and comparison studies to determine the precision of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) but the current stage of the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites presented a unique opportunity to determine the precision using collocated soundings. The collocated soundings from COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CCDAC) were constrained on latitude bands as well as local time and scintillation index and the standard deviation of the soundings were calculated for a specific height grid. This study showed the consistency of the tropopause in different regions and established that the occultations are not affected by the tropopause which was concluded by viewing the high precision of a parameter, PPMT, which stands for “precision parameter for middle troposphere” by region. Larger PPMT (e.g., implying lower precision) values were observed for the southern hemisphere for GPS RO soundings that were separated by 200 and 300 km that are related to significant refractivity variations due to active weather systems on both mesoscale and synoptic scale. The precision of the refractivity determined in this study of collocated GPS RO less than 1 km apart is 0.02%, which for temperature is approximately 0.05°C. The precision of a typical radiosonde system is on the order of 0.5°C or higher, therefore, the GPS RO is one order magnitude more precise than the radiosonde. With such a precision and spatial coverage, GPS RO is the best technique for climate analysis as well as weather prediction.
Characterisation of an Electrostatic Vibration Harvester
Creators: name: Sterken, T.
name: Altena, Geert
name: Fiorini, P.
name: Puers, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Harvesting energy from ambient vibration is proposed as an alternative to storage based power supplies for autonomous systems. The system presented converts the mechanical energy of a vibration into electrical energy by means of a variable capacitor, which is polarized by an electret. A lumped element model is used to study the generator and design a prototype. The device has been micromachined in silicon, based on a two-wafer process. The prototype was successfully tested, both using an external polarization source and an electret.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDA Publishing Association (http://irevues.inist.fr/EDA-Publishing)
Studies of the frequency dependence of the microwave surface resistance of high Tc superconducting films using a new superconducting split ring resonator
Creators: name: Gowe, Bruce T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A new superconducting split-ring resonator has been developed for use in perturbation measurements of the microwave surface resistance of thin superconducting films. The experimental setup allowed for the sample temperature to be ramped from 10 - 120 K during the measurement. The split ring arrangement was such that it could be adjusted from run to run to operate at a variety of frequencies thus making the apparatus well suited to exploring the frequency dependence of the film's losses. Results from measurements on Tl2Ba2CaCu20y films with this resonator at 910 MHz, 1.4 GHz and 2.4 GHz in conjunction with results from an earlier split-ring resonator at 3.7 GHz [1] suggest that the losses are not consistent with an UJ2 relationship below 2.4 GHz. Operating at 910 MHz, surface resistances as low as 5/J.Q were easily resolved with perturbations from an unloaded quality factor of 2xl06 . The 2.4 GHz configuration had a resolution of ILIQ in surface resistance.