cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How to generate intense isolated attosecond pulses from relativistic plasma mirrors?
Creators: name: Kallala, H.
name: Quéré, F.
name: Vincenti, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doppler harmonic generation of a high-power laser on a relativistic plasma mirror is a promising path to produce bright attosecond light bursts. Yet, a major challenge has been to find a way to generate isolated attosecond pulses, better suited to timed-resolved experiments, rather than trains of pulses. A promising technique is the attosecond lighthouse effect, which consists in imprinting different propagation directions to successive attosecond pulses of the train, and then spatially filtering one pulse in the far field. However, in the relativistic regime, plasma mirrors get curved by the radiation pressure of the incident laser and thus focus the generated harmonic beams. This increases the harmonic beam divergence and makes it difficult to separate the attosecond pulses angularly. In this article, we propose two novel techniques readily applicable in experiments to significantly reduce the divergence of Doppler harmonics, and achieve the generation of isolated attosecond pulses from the lighthouse effect without requiring few-cycle laser pulses. Their validity is demonstrated using state-of-the-art simulations, which show that isolated attosecond pulses with $10$TW peak power in the X-UV range can be generated with PW-class lasers. These techniques can equally be applied to other generation mechanisms to alleviate the constraints on the duration on the laser pulses needed to generate isolated attosecond pulses.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
Coccobius fulvus
Creators: name: Wang, Zhu Hong
name: Huang, Jian
name: Pan, Dong Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Aphelinidae
Coccobius
Coccobius fulvus

description: Coccobius fulvus (Compere & Annecke)
 Physcus fulvus Compere and Annecke, 1961: 21–23. Holotype ♀, USA: California,
description: Published as part of Wang, Zhu Hong, Huang, Jian & Pan, Dong Ming, 2013, Taxonomic review of Coccobius species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from China, with notes on their use in biological control of scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and description of a new species, pp. 359-373 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (5 - 6) on page 368, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791954, http://zenodo.org/record/4632155
title: Gravitational Lensing in Herschel-ATLAS
Creators: name: Amber, Simon Neil
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2015

description: This thesis presents the samples and investigation of strong gravitational lenses identified with the Herschel Space Observatory using the H-ATLAS survey. A flux-limited lens candidate selection is applied to the complete H-ATLAS area, ~ 600deg2, and following the inspection of shallow optical and radio survey data the sources are classified into the predicted populations. A bootstrap analysis of the lens candidates is presented and compared to theoretical models which are in broad agreement and support a maximum magnification of the lensed sub-millimetre galaxy (SMG) population as μmax ~ 20-30.

Low resolution spectra, obtained from two cycles of observation at the New Technology Telescope (NTT), are reduced and analysed for 57 lens candidates. The distribution of estimated redshifts fail to support models predictions compiled from three different halo mass functions.

Finally, snapshots obtained as part of a collaborative Hubble Space Telescope (HST) campaign are reduced and the first lens models of isolated, robust lens counterparts are presented, which on their own provide compelling evidence that the majority of this sample are lensed by early-type galaxies at higher redshifts than existing gravitational lens surveys.
Velocity Distribution in a Viscous Granular Gas
Creators: name: Rosas, Alexandre
name: ben-Avraham, Daniel
name: Lindenberg, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the velocity relaxation of a viscous one-dimensional granular gas, that is, one in which neither energy nor momentum is conserved in a collision. Of interest is the distribution of velocities in the gas as it cools, and the time dependence of the relaxation behavior. A Boltzmann equation of instantaneous binary collisions leads to a two-peaked distribution with each peak relaxing to zero velocity as 1/t while each peak also narrows as 1/t. Numerical simulations of grains on a line also lead to a double-peaked distribution that narrows as 1/t. A Maxwell approximation leads to a single-peaked distribution about zero velocity with power-law wings. This distribution narrows exponentially. In either case, the relaxing distribution is not of Maxwell-Boltzmann form.
Design principles of apodized grating couplers
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhexin
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To optimize the coupling efficiency of grating couplers, we extend an analytical model for the design of apodized grating couplers, taking into account the constraints on the upper and lower bounds of the scattering strength as determined by fabrication technology. We prove that our model gives the global optimum distribution of the scattering strength with the presence of such constraints. We apply our model to the standard problem of coupling from a silicon chip to a single-mode fiber, as well as more complex problems including the coupling to a vortex beam, and the design of a focusing grating. In the problem of coupling to a vortex beam, we validate our model with full-wave numerical simulations. For this problem, our design obtains efficiency that is significantly higher compared with existing designs. Our theoretical study provides a solid foundation for apodized grating coupler design in different material platforms, and our deterministic algorithm can function as a near-optimum starting point for advanced optimizations.
On the Newtonian Limit in Gravity Models with Inverse Powers of R
Creators: name: Dick, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I reconsider the problem of the Newtonian limit in nonlinear gravity models in the light of recently proposed models with inverse powers of the Ricci scalar. Expansion around a maximally symmetric local background with positive curvature scalar R_0 gives the correct Newtonian limit on length scales << R_0^{-1/2} if the gravitational Lagrangian f(R) satisfies |f(R_0)f''(R_0)|<< 1. I propose two models with f''(R_0)=0.
description: 8 pages
Additional file 3 of Radiation dosimetry of 18F-AzaFol: A first in-human use of a folate receptor PET tracer
Creators: name: Gnesin, Silvano
name: Müller, Joachim
name: Burger, Irene A.
name: Meisel, Alexander
name: Siano, Marco
name: Früh, Martin
name: Choschzick, Matthias
name: Müller, Cristina
name: Schibli, Roger
name: Ametamey, Simon M.
name: Kaufmann, Philipp A.
name: Treyer, Valerie
name: Prior, John O.
name: Schaefer, Niklaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3: S3. Participants and injections data.
One month of hyperglycemia alters spectral responses of the zebrafish photopic electroretinogram
Creators: name: Tanvir, Zaid
name: Nelson, Ralph F.
name: DeCicco-Skinner, Kathleen
name: Connaughton, Victoria
Publisher: name: The Company of Biologists Ltd
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Prolonged hyperglycemia can alter retinal function, ultimately resulting in blindness. Adult zebrafish adults exposed to alternating conditions of 2% glucose/0% glucose display a 3× increase in blood sugar levels. After 4 weeks of treatment, electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from isolated, perfused, in vitro eyecups. Control animals were exposed to alternating 2% mannitol/0% mannitol (osmotic control) or to alternating water (0% glucose/0% glucose; handling control). Two types of ERGs were recorded: (1) native ERGs measured using white-light stimuli and medium without synaptic blockers; and (2) spectral ERGs measured with an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, isolating photoreceptor-to-ON-bipolar-cell synapses, and a spectral protocol that separated red (R), green (G), blue (B) and UV cone signals. Retinas were evaluated for changes in layer thickness and for the inflammatory markers GFAP and Nf-κB (RelA or p65). In native ERGs, hyperglycemic b- and d-waves were lower in amplitude than the b- and d-waves of mannitol controls. Alteration of waveshape became severe, with b-waves becoming more transient and ERG responses showing more PIII-like (a-wave) characteristics. For spectral ERGs, waveshape appeared similar in all treatment groups. However, a1- and b2-wave implicit times were significantly longer, and amplitudes were significantly reduced, in response to hyperglycemic treatment, owing to the functional reduction in signals from R, G and B cones. Nf-κB increased significantly in hyperglycemic retinas, but the increase in GFAP was not significant and retinal layer thickness was unaffected. Thus, prolonged hyperglycemia triggers an inflammatory response and functional deficits localized to specific cone types, indicating the rapid onset of neural complications in the zebrafish model of diabetic retinopathy.
The protective effects of curcumin in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury through PKC-θ signaling
Creators: name: Mo, Yun
name: Erli Yue
name: Shi, Nan
name: Kangyong Liu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Ischemic stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with the main cause considered to be cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), which exerts irreparable injury on nerve cells. Thus, the development of neuroprotective drugs is an urgent concern. Curcumin, a known antioxidant, has been found to have neuroprotective effects. To determine the protective mechanism of curcumin in ischemic stroke, oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used to treat PC12 cells to mimic the cerebral I/R cell model. Curcumin (20 μM) was applied to OGD/R PC12 cells, followed by Ca2+ concentration, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), and cell permeability measurements. The results showed that OGD/R injury induced a decrease in TEER and increases in Ca2+ concentration and cell permeability. In contrast, curcumin alleviated these effects. The protein kinase C θ (PKC-θ) was associated with the protective function of curcumin in the OGD/R cell model. Moreover, the middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion model (MCAO/R) was applied to simulate the I/R rat model. Our results demonstrated that curcumin could reverse the MCAO/R-induced increase in Ca2+ concentration and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Our study demonstrates the mechanisms by which curcumin exhibited a protective function against cerebral I/R through PKC-θ signaling by reducing BBB dysfunction.
Promoting education, awareness, and participation in composting at UBC Get Caught Composting
Creators: name: Archambault, Carmen Faye
name: Pan, Connie
name: Yang, Christina
name: Hayward, Irene
name: Leung, Helen
name: Choy, Colin
name: Tam, Catherine
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The inception of an In-vessel Composting Facility on the University of British Columbia (UBC) campus has created a need to evaluate current initiatives and increase the awareness, education, and participation of composting through proposed recommendations. Since its introduction in 2004, the facility has faced many challenges including contamination and low volumes of compost bin contents. Review of literature indicated that students did not truly understand the significance of sustainability and felt that the messages put forth by the University and the corresponding actions were often inconsistent. First year students were generally found to be more open to sustainability than later years, hence we decided to target this group. In addition, this group would be educated and equipped to make an impact on the UBC campus for their remaining years and go on to impact future students. The philosophies of community-based social marketing were applied to design a campus wide Get Caught Composting campaign, which would recognize students composting and provide an incentive, thus increasing awareness and participation. This campaign would require collaboration with UBC Waste Management (UBCWM), UBC Residence Sustainability Coordinators and future AGSC 450 groups, and would ideally be launched during Imagine UBC and at the first year residences. Other recommendations include greater ownership and visibility of compost bins, more information posters, education and training. The UBC Food System Project (UBCFSP) is representative of the global food system, hence our work serves as a model which can be studied and applied globally. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Generating entangled photon pairs from a cavity-QED system
Creators: name: Zhou, D. L.
name: Sun, B.
name: Sun, C. P.
name: You, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for the controlled generation of Einstein-Podosky-Rosen (EPR) entangled photon pairs from an atom coupled to a high Q optical cavity, extending the prototype system as a source for deterministic single photons. A thorough theoretical analysis confirms the promising operating conditions of our scheme as afforded by currently available experimental setups. Our result demonstrates the cavity QED system as an efficient and effective source for entangled photon pairs, and shines new light on its important role in quantum information science.
description: It has recently come to our attention that the experiment by T. Wilk, S. C. Webster, A. Kuhn and G. Rempe, published in Science 317, 488 (2007), exactly realizes what we proposed in this article, which is published in Phy. Rev. A 040302(R) (2005)
Digging for Britons in Cumbria! Excavations of an Iron Age settlement in the Lune Gorge, Cumbria
Creators: name: Hooley, Graham
name: Hicks, Jan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2022

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 21, 5-26
description: Between 2018 and 2019 the Lunesdale Archaeology Society investigated a prehistoric settlement in the Lune Gorge, located 3.5km to the south of Tebay. The project involved non-invasive geophysical and photogrammetric surveys followed by targeted excavation of six trenches across identified features. The settlement comprised two enclosures defined by abutting banks, which contained several circular and sub-circular platforms and earthworks. The banks were dated through radiocarbon determination to the late second/early first centuries BC, and thus predated the Roman occupation of the area. Excavation of internal features uncovered the foundations and floors of several circular structures interpreted as dwellings, possible livestock pens and/or storage facilities. The pottery assemblage and radiocarbon dating give a suggested occupation date for these structures in the second and early third centuries AD, contemporary with occupation of the Roman fort at Low Borrowbridge, which lies less than 1km to the north of the settlement. The presence within the assemblage of high status Samian ware pottery and South-East Dorset Black Burnished ware, widely used by the Roman army, suggests possible trading links with the fort. Further dating evidence from the excavations shows activity on the site in the Early Medieval period (fifth to sixth centuries AD) though it is not clear whether this was continued occupation, later reoccupation of the site, or transitory utilisation.
Public management on the ground : clustering managers based on their behavior
Creators: name: Pedersen, Mogens Jin
name: Favero, Nathan
name: Nielsen, Vibeke Lehmann
name: Meier, Kenneth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Public management research has identified a dizzying array of management variables that affect organizational performance. While scholars have learned much by analyzing one or a few specific behavioral dimensions of public management at a time, we argue for the value of a more holistic and inductive approach that uses data on several aspects of public management for identifying manager types. Such an approach accounts for both the cognitive processes of people affected by management and the reality that managers’ individual behavioral decisions are interrelated. We examine the overlap of 21 aspects of public school management behavior using cluster analysis. We identify four different manager types (“firefighters,” “laissez-faire managers,” “administrators,” and “proactive floor managers”), each reflecting a distinct constellation of managerial behaviors. The manager types we call “administrators” and “proactive floor managers” are associated with relatively better outcomes, while “firefighters” are associated with relatively worse outcomes.
Additional file 2 of Optimising strategies to address mental ill-health in doctors and medical students: ‘Care Under Pressure’ realist review and implementation guidance
Creators: name: Carrieri, Daniele
name: Mattick, Karen
name: Pearson, Mark
name: Papoutsi, Chrysanthi
name: Briscoe, Simon
name: Wong, Geoff
name: Jackson, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Table describing the stakeholder group meetings.
RESPONSE OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L), CULTIVAR ARAUCA, TO PLANTING DENSITY
Creators: name: Clarke, B. A.
name: Skeete, S. A.
name: Clarke, B. A.
name: Skeete, S. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Seed yield in Vigna unguiculata (L.). Cultivar Arauca was investigated over five planting densities ranging from 22,784 to 273,403 plants per hectare. Maximum seed yield (1466 kg/ha~l) was attained at a relatively low density of 45,567 plants ha--*- (spacing 24.0 cms by 91.4 cms.). At higher densities reduced numbers of pods per plant resulted in severe seed yield reduction but not as critical as the lower density. Little change in seed size or seeds per pod occurred.
Coccobius maculatus Huang 1994
Creators: name: Wang, Zhu Hong
name: Huang, Jian
name: Pan, Dong Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Aphelinidae
Coccobius
Coccobius maculatus

description: Coccobius maculatus Huang
 Coccobius maculatus Huang, 1994: 167. Holotype ♀, CHINA: Fujian, Shaxian, 1980 (N.Q.Lin) sweeping (FAFU).    Host
Unknown.   Distribution
China (Fujian).   Comments
 Coccobius maculatus is close to C. bifasciatus (Ishii) in antennal colour and metasomal markings, but differs from the latter as follows: all legs pale; mid lobe of mesoscutum largely with slightly longitudinally reticulate sculpture; metasomal terga laterally with distinct and non-continuous dark areas. In C. bifasciatus the legs are pale brown except the apical part of all tibiae; mesoscutum mostly with somewhat transversely drawn-out cells; gaster with rather sharply defined brown to black bands on sides from base to at least the cercal plates.
description: Published as part of Wang, Zhu Hong, Huang, Jian & Pan, Dong Ming, 2013, Taxonomic review of Coccobius species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from China, with notes on their use in biological control of scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and description of a new species, pp. 359-373 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (5 - 6) on pages 370-371, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791954, http://zenodo.org/record/4632155
Additional file 2 of Radiation dosimetry of 18F-AzaFol: A first in-human use of a folate receptor PET tracer
Creators: name: Gnesin, Silvano
name: Müller, Joachim
name: Burger, Irene A.
name: Meisel, Alexander
name: Siano, Marco
name: Früh, Martin
name: Choschzick, Matthias
name: Müller, Cristina
name: Schibli, Roger
name: Ametamey, Simon M.
name: Kaufmann, Philipp A.
name: Treyer, Valerie
name: Prior, John O.
name: Schaefer, Niklaus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2: S2. Supplementary Material
An Accurate Reconstruction of CMB E Mode Signal over Large Angular Scales using Prior Information of CMB Covariance Matrix in ILC Algorithm
Creators: name: Purkayastha, Ujjal
name: Sudevan, Vipin
name: Saha, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent years, the internal-linear-combination (ILC) method was investigated extensively in the context of reconstruction of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy signal using observations obtained by WMAP and Planck satellite missions. In this article, we, for the first time, apply the ILC method to reconstruct the large scale CMB E mode polarization signal, which serves as the unique probe of ionization history of the Universe, using simulated observations of 15 frequency CMB polarization maps of future generation COrE satellite mission. We find that usual ILC cleaned E mode map is highly erroneous due to presence of a chance-correlation between CMB and astrophysical foreground components in the empirical covariance matrix which is used to estimate the weight factors. The cleaned angular power spectrum for E mode is strongly biased and erroneous due to these chance correlation factors. In order to address the issues of bias and errors we extend and improve the usual ILC method for CMB E mode reconstruction by incorporating prior information of theoretical E mode angular power spectrum while estimating the weights for linear combination of input maps. Using the E mode covariance matrix effectively suppresses the CMB-foreground chance correlation power leading to an accurate reconstruction of cleaned CMB E mode map and its angular power spectrum. We provide a comparative study of the performance of the usual ILC and the new method over large angular scales of the sky and show that the later produces significantly statistically improved results than the former. The new E mode CMB angular power spectrum contains neither any significant negative bias at the low multipoles nor any positive foreground bias at relatively higher mutlipoles. The error estimates of the cleaned spectrum agree very well with the cosmic variance induced error.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of Integrated control of Aedes albopictus in Southwest Germany supported by the Sterile Insect Technique
Creators: name: Becker, Norbert
name: Langentepe-Kong, Sophie Min
name: Tokatlian Rodriguez, Artin
name: Oo, Thin Thin
name: Reichle, Dirk
name: Lühken, Renke
name: Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
name: Lüthy, Peter
name: Puggioli, Arianna
name: Bellini, Romeo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Effect of the ratio between radiated and unirradiated males on the egg sterility rate.
SOME STUDIES ON ROOTING IN CASHEW (ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALE LINN.) AIR LAYERS
Creators: name: Mukred, Abdul Wahed O.
name: Kumar, Dyanand Raj
name: Duncan, Julian
name: Mukred, Abdul Wahed O.
name: Kumar, Dyanand Raj
name: Duncan, Julian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Farm Management

description: ashew can be propagated by air layers but the extent of survival of the air layered plants in the field is limited (40 to 66 percent), probably because of the small number and brittle nature of the adventitious roots formed during propagation. Studies at U.W.I., St. Augustine, have shown that root initation in cashew air layers occurs in the callus which is formed at the wound and increasing the amount of callus increases the total number and length of roots formed. Callus, and consequently root formation, were increased by using two consecutive rings in the marcot, joined by a bridge of bark. However, when three rings were used callus formation, as well as root initiation and elongation, were reduced. Applying auxins, particularly IBA at 300 p.p.m. to the air layers increased root elongation but had no significant effect on root initiation.
One-Photon and Two-Photon Double-Slit Interferences in Spontaneous and Stimulated Parametric Down-Conversions
Creators: name: Cao, De-Zhong
name: Li, Zhuan
name: Zhai, Yan-Hua
name: Wang, Kaige
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically discuss one-photon and two-photon double-slit interferences for spontaneous and stimulated parametric down-conversions. We show that the two-photon sub-wavelength interference can exist in a general spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) for both type I and type II crystals. We propose an alternative way to observe sub-wavelength interference by a joint-intensity measurement which occurs for only type I crystal in a higher gain of SPDC. When a signal beam injects into the crystal, it may create two interference patterns by two stimulated down-converted beams, showing no sub-wavelength interference effect.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Understanding plasmon dispersion in nearly-free-electron metals: the relevance of exact constraints for novel exchange-correlation kernels within time-dependent density functional theory
Creators: name: Nepal, Niraj K.
name: Adhikari, Santosh
name: Neupane, Bimal
name: Ruan, Shiqi
name: Neupane, Santosh
name: Ruzsinszky, Adrienn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small-wavevector excitations in Coulomb-interacting systems can be decomposed into the high-energy collective longitudinal plasmon and the low-energy single-electron excitations. At the critical wavevector and corresponding frequency where the plasmon branch merges with the single-electron excitation region, the collective energy of the plasmon dissipates into single electron-hole excitations. The jellium model provides a reasonable description of the electron-energy-loss spectrum (EELS) of metals close to the free-electron limit. The random phase approximation (RPA) is exact in the high-density limit but can capture the plasmonic dispersion reasonably even for densities with rs > 1. RPA and all beyond-RPA methods investigated here, result in a wrong infinite plasmon lifetime for a wavevector smaller than the critical one where the plasmon dispersion curve runs into particle-hole excitations. Exchange-correlation kernel corrections to RPA modify the plasmon dispersion curve. There is however a large difference in the construction and form of the kernels investigated earlier. Our current work introduces recent model exchange-only and exchange-correlation kernels and discusses the relevance of some exact constraints in the construction of the kernel. We show that, because the plasmon dispersion samples a range of wavevectors smaller than the range sampled by the correlation energy, different kernels can make a strong difference for the correlation energy and a weak difference for the plasmon dispersion. This work completes our understanding about the plasmon dispersion in realistic metals, such as Cs, where a negative plasmon dispersion has been observed. We find only positive plasmon dispersion in jellium at the density for Cs.
Coccobius longialatus Huang 1994
Creators: name: Wang, Zhu Hong
name: Huang, Jian
name: Pan, Dong Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Aphelinidae
Coccobius
Coccobius longialatus

description: Coccobius longialatus Huang
 Coccobius longialatus Huang, 1994: 154. Holotype ♀, CHINA: Fujian, Shaxian, 1980 (N.Q. Lin) sweeping, (FAFU); Paratypes 3♀, CHINA: Fujian, Fuzhou, Jinshan, 1987 (N.Q. Lin) yellow pan trap, (FAFU).    Host
Unknown.   Distribution
China (Fujian).   Comments
 Coccobius longialatus is close to C. ephedraspidis (Yasnosh), but can be distinguished from the latter by: F1 longer than pedicel, F1–F3 each 1.8 times as long as wide and subequal in length and width respectively; eight or nine setae on submarginal vein and 15 setae on marginal vein; mid lobe of mesoscutum distinctly with reticulate sculpture; fore wing rather long and narrow, 3.4 times as long as width of wing disc. In C. ephedraspidis F1 is slightly shorter than the pedicel, F1–F3 each about 1.5 times as long as wide and subequal in length to C1; submarginal and marginal veins with 8–10 setae respectively; mesoscutum with mostly transverse cells.
description: Published as part of Wang, Zhu Hong, Huang, Jian & Pan, Dong Ming, 2013, Taxonomic review of Coccobius species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) from China, with notes on their use in biological control of scale insect pests (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), and description of a new species, pp. 359-373 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (5 - 6) on page 370, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.791954, http://zenodo.org/record/4632155
title: Mapping of Ice and Gas on 1000 AU Scales
Creators: name: Suutarinen, Aleksi Niko
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2015

description: Many of the molecules in interstellar space are in the solid state, in so-called interstellar ices. The research in this thesis is focused around two key astronomical questions; How is ice distributed in star forming regions? How is ice affected by - or affecting - star formation processes? I provide answers to these questions through the analysis of submillimeter and near-infrared observations. The observations analysed in this thesis consist of (partially published) archival data acquired mainly with the AKARI and Herschel space telescopes, and the ground-based ESO/VLT. To facilitate the reduction and analysis of some of this data two major software packages (ARF2 and Omnifit) were created with the Python programming language The operation of both packages is fully documented in the thesis appendix. The study of methanol ice prevalence in star-forming regions found that methanol ice can be found towards many more lines of sight than previously reported, and that its abundance relative to water ice can vary between a few to ~40%. I also confirm that methanol very likely exists mixed in a water-rich ice component, a result consistent with our current understanding of methanol ice formation. Proof was found of high-temperature chemistry forming water in the warm postshock gas of YSOs. In this same region it was found that up to 99% of the methanol is being destroyed as it is sputtered from the surfaces of dust grains into the gas phase. A novel analysis technique of slitless AKARI near-infrared spectroscopy yields an unprecedented number of water ice column density estimates towards background star lines of sight covering 12 separate 10' x 10' fields of view in as many molecular clouds. A moderate correlation is found between water ice column density and dust optical depth at 250 microns, with the correlation potentially varying from cloud to cloud.
Public management on the ground : clustering managers based on their behavior
Creators: name: Pedersen, Mogens Jin
name: Favero, Nathan
name: Nielsen, Vibeke Lehmann
name: Meier, Kenneth
Publisher: name: International Public Management Journal
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3507
subject: Strategy, management and organisational behaviour

description: Public management research has identified a dizzying array of management variables that affect organizational performance. While scholars have learned much by analyzing one or a few specific behavioral dimensions of public management at a time, we argue for the value of a more holistic and inductive approach that uses data on several aspects of public management for identifying manager types. Such an approach accounts for both the cognitive processes of people affected by management and the reality that managers’ individual behavioral decisions are interrelated. We examine the overlap of 21 aspects of public school management behavior using cluster analysis. We identify four different manager types (“firefighters,” “laissez-faire managers,” “administrators,” and “proactive floor managers”), each reflecting a distinct constellation of managerial behaviors. The manager types we call “administrators” and “proactive floor managers” are associated with relatively better outcomes, while “firefighters” are associated with relatively worse outcomes.
TraceMyFish D8.1 Market Analysis and Uptake Strategy
Creators: name: Genio, Alessia Del
name: Sokolowska, Katarzyna
name: Schultz, Nette
name: Koukourikos, Antonis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The TraceMyFish Consortium aims at commercially exploiting the output of the project, the intelligent Fish Management System (iFMS), so to enhance the seafood value-chain with state-of-the-art quality control technologies. Task 8.1 – Market Analysis and Uptake strategy focuses on the understanding of the industry, users and value chain as the basis for the development of a business model, which will be further built during task 8.2. This deliverable initially presents the iFMS as the combination of technologies from the two industrial consortium partners: Videometer and Scio. The two firms contribute to the project by providing and developing respectively spectral imaging instruments with their related software – the VideometerLab, VideometerLite and the VideometerLab Software with Cloud Workspaces – and a data-management platform for the tracking of seafood throughout the value-chain – Qvantum Platform. In this introductory section, the deliverable also presents the objectives of Workpackage 8, and the methodology and data collection processes conducted for the execution of the task. Data was collected by interviewing members of the value-chain, observing them in their “real-life” context and analysing documentation provided by governmental institutions. Task 8.1’s results are hereby presented and described in detail. The deliverable, in fact, illustrates the results of an in-depth industry analysis, carried out with models such as the Porter model and the PESTLE model. We present an accurate account of the internal and external factors that influence the industry’s profitability and competition. We, then, analyse the value chain and the hazards that afflict the seafood industry, which benefit from the use of spectral imaging, automation, and data-management. The second section of the deliverable focuses on the role of the users and the scenarios in which they will utilize the iFMS. In the third section we present the profiles of the four main user personas, their needs, and specifications. We further investigate their daily work contexts so to analyse how the system will be utilized in real-life contexts. In section 4 we initialize a strategic analysis of the industry. With the SWOT analysis and Key Success Factor model we bring into light the initial course of action for effective commercialization of the iFMS, and finally in section five the conclusions are made.
Controversies over the European Value Added created by CAP
Creators: name: Gorzelak, Aleksander
name: Herda-Kopańska, Justyna
name: Kulawik, Jacek
name: Soliwoda, Michał
name: Wieliczko, Barbara
name: Gorzelak, Aleksander
name: Herda-Kopańska, Justyna
name: Kulawik, Jacek
name: Soliwoda, Michał
name: Wieliczko, Barbara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: European Added Value, agricultural finance, environmental ad climate policy, Common Agricultural Policy

description: From the beginning of the financial crisis – 2008/2009 – the EU entered an unprecedented period of very serious shocks. These problems first affected the economy (weak and highly variable growth with times of rather shallow recession, high unemployment, especially among young people) and then they spread to the bank sector and the national budgets. Consequently, several of the old EU countries, belonging to the euro area, became – in fact – insolvent. To make the matters worse, southern Europe was hit by a huge wave of immigration, Russians took over the Crimea, a war erupted in Donbas and Donald Trump, who can considerably weaken the NATO, won the US presidential elections. The subsequent attempts at solving these mini-crises were often delayed, not very daring and erratic. Thus, it comes as no surprise that the crisis, ultimately, started to affect also the sociopolitical and institutional areas, which is manifested in growing distrust of the Europeans in the Community institutions and liberal democracy. This, in turn, resulted in widespread populism, national and regional egoism and disintegration tendencies. Brexit is one of the first effects of the process along with the concerns that other members of the EU may take similar decisions which would be tantamount to its breakup. In these circumstances, convincing validation of further existence and development of the Community requires great intellectual, political and organisational effort, and then finding effective channels to reach as broad as possible circle of responsible citizens with the proposals, recommendations and ready application solutions to help them regain trust in the meaning of the European project and possibilities of functioning in the double national and European identity. It would be perfect to make the mended EU more democratic, i.e. to actively engage in the process the very Europeans and not only techno- and Eurocrats. One of the more interesting concepts, at the moment, seems to be the European added value, which – in a nutshell, means a sum of extra benefits obtained on account of integration against the effects resulting from the national socio-economic policy. It is possible to describe this value and, to some extent, even to quantify it for all areas of the European integration. However, the paper is restricted only to the CAP, focusing on methodological, environmental and climate, innovation and investment issues, and a set of key budget problems.
What Is Going On? The Process of Generating Questions about Emotion and Social Cognition in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia with Cartoon Situations and Faces
Creators: name: Fantie, Bryan D.
name: Kosmidis, Mary H.
name: Giannakou, Maria
name: Moza, Sotiria
name: Karavatos, Athanasios
name: Bozikas, Vassilis P.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Regarding the notion of putative “best” practices in social neuroscience and science in general, we contend that following established procedures has advantages, but prescriptive uniformity in methodology can obscure flaws, bias thinking, stifle creativity, and restrict exploration. Generating hypotheses is at least as important as testing hypotheses. To illustrate this process, we describe the following exploratory study. Psychiatric patients have difficulties with social functioning that affect their quality of life adversely. To investigate these impediments, we compared the performances of patients with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorder to healthy controls on a task that involved matching photographs of facial expressions to a faceless protagonist in each of a series of drawn cartoon emotion-related situations. These scenarios involved either a single character (Nonsocial) or multiple characters (Social). The Social scenarios were also Congruent, with everyone in the cartoon displaying the same emotion, or Noncongruent (with everyone displaying a different emotion than the protagonist should). In this preliminary study, both patient groups produced lower scores than controls (p < 0.001), but did not perform differently from each other. All groups performed best on the social-congruent items and worst on the social-noncongruent items (p < 0.001). Performance varied inversely with illness duration, but not symptom severity. Complete emotional, social, cognitive, or perceptual inability is unlikely because these patient groups could still do this task. Nevertheless, the differences we saw could be meaningful functionally and clinically significant and deserve further exploration. Therefore, we stress the need to continue developing novel, alternative ways to explore social cognition in patients with psychiatric disorders and to clarify which elements of the multidimensional process contribute to difficulties in daily functioning.
Additional file 2 of Integrated control of Aedes albopictus in Southwest Germany supported by the Sterile Insect Technique
Creators: name: Becker, Norbert
name: Langentepe-Kong, Sophie Min
name: Tokatlian Rodriguez, Artin
name: Oo, Thin Thin
name: Reichle, Dirk
name: Lühken, Renke
name: Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
name: Lüthy, Peter
name: Puggioli, Arianna
name: Bellini, Romeo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Number of Aedes albopictus eggs and percentage of sterility of the eggs in Melm (Ludwigshafen).
Regionale Arbeitsmärkte im Corona-Jahr 2020: Resiliente prosperierende Standorte und zunehmende Disparitäten
Creators: name: Margarian, Anne
name: Margarian, Anne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Corona-Effekt
subject: Arbeitsmärkte
subject: Branchenstruktur
subject: Lageeffekte
subject: Räumliche Disparitäten
subject: Corona-effect
subject: labour markets
subject: industry structure
subject: location effects
subject: spatial disparities

description: The "Corona Crisis" caused by the Covid-19 virus has led to distortions in many labour markets in 2020 and may have exacerbated pre-existing social inequalities. This study asks to what extent different regions and types of regions are affected differently by the labour market effects of the Corona crisis. Using various descriptive analyses at the district level, the influence of the settlement structure, the economic structure and the income power of locations on the "Corona effects" in the labour market is examined. Key indicators of short-and medium-term dynamics are the share of short-time work as well as changes in 2020 compared to 2019 in cumulative entries into and exits from unemployment, in the same entries and exits in December ("compensation effect"), and in the unemployment rate. It can be shown that especially locations without initial structural problems have come through the Corona year 2020 relatively well. However, there is a danger that in the course of the Corona crisis, especially in the agglomeration areas, the inequality between persons and groups of persons within the labour markets will increase further and lastingly. According to the results, the Corona crisis could also contribute to an increase in disparities between locations with comparable settlement structures, at least in the medium term.
description: DOI:10.3220/WP1616659974000
What Is Going On? The Process of Generating Questions about Emotion and Social Cognition in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia with Cartoon Situations and Faces
Creators: name: Fantie, Bryan D.
name: Kosmidis, Mary H.
name: Giannakou, Maria
name: Moza, Sotiria
name: Karavatos, Athanasios
name: Bozikas, Vassilis P.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute: Brain Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Regarding the notion of putative “best” practices in social neuroscience and science in general, we contend that following established procedures has advantages, but prescriptive uniformity in methodology can obscure flaws, bias thinking, stifle creativity, and restrict exploration. Generating hypotheses is at least as important as testing hypotheses. To illustrate this process, we describe the following exploratory study. Psychiatric patients have difficulties with social functioning that affect their quality of life adversely. To investigate these impediments, we compared the performances of patients with schizophrenia and those with bipolar disorder to healthy controls on a task that involved matching photographs of facial expressions to a faceless protagonist in each of a series of drawn cartoon emotion-related situations. These scenarios involved either a single character (Nonsocial) or multiple characters (Social). The Social scenarios were also Congruent, with everyone in the cartoon displaying the same emotion, or Noncongruent (with everyone displaying a different emotion than the protagonist should). In this preliminary study, both patient groups produced lower scores than controls (p < 0.001), but did not perform differently from each other. All groups performed best on the social-congruent items and worst on the social-noncongruent items (p < 0.001). Performance varied inversely with illness duration, but not symptom severity. Complete emotional, social, cognitive, or perceptual inability is unlikely because these patient groups could still do this task. Nevertheless, the differences we saw could be meaningful functionally and clinically significant and deserve further exploration. Therefore, we stress the need to continue developing novel, alternative ways to explore social cognition in patients with psychiatric disorders and to clarify which elements of the multidimensional process contribute to difficulties in daily functioning.