cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cast in silver : the rise and demise of Kyushu corsairs in a unifying Japan, 1540-1640
Creators: name: Petrucci, Maria Grazia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Piracy in Japan was transformed both politically and economically between 1550 and 1640, in the period of Japanese territorial unification. With the advent of the silver trade, what had been an independent economic enterprise became a sponsored one. Japanese piracy increased in the sixteenth century, and in a structurally different manner from what had transpired in previous centuries. It was now structurally organized as a trade enterprise and was often sponsored by landed power holders. For this reason, pirates are defined herein as corsairs, since they were sponsored by and dependent on daimyō. With a sole focus on Kyushu, this dissertation examines events affecting the Kyushu daimyō, taking as catalyst the annexation of Ryukyu. Revived by the silver trade in Kyushu, Japanese pirates were allowed to find their own economic and political niches in the territories and coastal areas that they occupied. As their economic circumstances improved under the sponsorship of those in political power, in most cases they also found it necessary to adopt a political demeanour—that is, of corsairs—that fitted the times. Further, legislation that aimed to eliminate piracy let them collude further with local daimyō for political protection; failure to do so resulted in the disappearance of smaller, less powerful, piratical clans. The unification of Japan and adverse economic conditions tied corsairs to local power holders. The Korean wars of Hideyoshi (1592–98), and the subsequent battle of Sekigahara, resulted in the deaths and reallocations of powerful corsair clans. Their piratical endeavours were brought to a close not only by the unification wave and its legislation, but through all-encompassing wars that changed the economic and political conditions such that piracy became less than desirable from the point of view of the central government. It was eliminated, while as an international activity piracy was left to foreign mercenaries such as the Dutch and Chinese.
Introduction to a Special Issue on Regulatory Applications of Portable Tools and Methods to Monitor Toxic Substances in Consumer Products
Creators: name: Palmer, Pete
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: XRF
CDx
MS
IMS
Raman
Regulatory Analysis

description: No abstract
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue on Regulatory Applications of Portable Tools and Methods to Monitor Toxic Substances in Consumer Products
Advertising and Related Restraints
Creators: name: Asker, John W.
name: Bar-Isaac, Heski
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Advertising
Pricing
Electronic commerce
Economics

description: This article describes those restraints, observed in ecommerce markets, which may be less familiar than other, better-studied in brick-and-mortar markets, vertical restraints, such as resale price maintenance, exclusive dealing arrangements and quantity forcing. A prominent example of a common ecommerce-related restraint is a minimum advertising price (“MAP”) restriction — a restraint whereby a manufacturer limits the price at which a retailer can advertise goods, while placing no restriction on the price actually charged. In an ecommerce context, a price published on the internet constitutes an advertised price, while the price revealed when presenting the shopping basket at checkout may be unconstrained. Since these restraints can make it more difficult for consumers to know what price they will actually end up paying if they make a purchase at a particular retailer, they might work to counteract the price transparency for which ecommerce allows. This article describes the economic and strategic logic underpinning the obfuscation of price information by manufacturers and retailers. The article explains why this logic may be quite different from that associated with more familiar price restraints. This finding is particularly noteworthy in light of recent decisions and statements of the UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”) that suggest an equivalence between MAP restrictions and resale price maintenance (“RPM”).
Nuovi interessanti ritrovamenti di Orchidaceae per la Campania
Creators: name: Romieg Soca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: Croce A., Buonpane P., Di Palma F., Fiordellisi M., Pugliese G. & Soca R., 2017. Nuovi interessanti ritrovamenti di Orchidaceae per la Campania. GIROS Orchidee Spontanee d'Europa 60(1): 139-146.
Fluctuations of Matrix Entries of Regular Functions of Wigner Matrices
Creators: name: Pizzo, Alessandro
name: Renfrew, David
name: Soshnikov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60B20

description: We study the fluctuations of the matrix entries of regular functions of Wigner random matrices in the limit when the matrix size goes to infinity. In the case of the Gaussian ensembles (GOE and GUE) this problem was considered by A.Lytova and L.Pastur in J. Stat. Phys., v.134, 147-159 (2009). Our results are valid provided the off-diagonal matrix entries have finite fourth moment, the diagonal matrix entries have finite second moment, and the test functions have four continuous derivatives in a neighborhood of the support of the Wigner semicircle law.
description: minor corrections; the manuscript will appear in the Journal of Statistical Physics
Rapid-field-deployable DART-MS screening technique for 87 opioids and drugs of abuse, including fentanyl and fentanyl analogs
Creators: name: Kern, Sara
name: Toomey, Valerie
name: Lorenz, Lisa
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: ambient ionization
mass spectrometry
field deployable instrumentation
opioids
Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry

description: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs are playing an increasing role in the opioid health crisis that is sweeping America. These synthetic opioids are much more potent and lethal than morphine or heroin and must be treated with extreme caution. Many of these substances are entering the country through International Mail Facilities (IMFs) and Express Courier Hubs (ECHs) in the form of counterfeit prescription drugs and bulk powders, resulting in a critical need for field-deployable techniques that can safely provide rapid screening to prevent these products from reaching the public. Here we describe a direct analysis in real time thermal desorption mass spectrometer (DART-MS) with database searching capabilities that allows quick detection of numerous target compounds. Minimum detectable levels for 87 opioids and drugs of abuse have been determined. This technique was applied to eight samples sent to the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Forensic Chemistry Center for analysis and the results are compared to those collected using gas chromatography with mass spectral detection (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection (LC-MS).
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue on Regulatory Applications of Portable Tools and Methods to Monitor Toxic Substances in Consumer Products
Food safety priority, a critical gap and a window for effective food, nutrition security and sustainable development in Rwanda
Creators: name: Hagenimana, Theoneste
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: Food safety
Agri-food
Nutrition
Sustainable Development Goals
Rwanda
Food Safety
Food regulation and policy
Sustainable development

description: Food safety is globally an important issue and a priority for a sustainable food system and health and essential for achieving several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) outlined in the 2030 agenda. The present study aimed at identifying the critical gaps in the role of food safety in achieving agriculture, food and nutrition security along with the implementation of SDGs in Rwanda. The review of the Rwandan context showed that food safety was not considered and integrated within the development programs for agriculture, food and nutrition security. This lack of food safety integration affected the success of these programs and had a potential negative impact on the achievement of the ten SDGs, namely SDG 1, SDG 2, SDG 3, SDG 5, SDG 6, SDG 8, SDG 11, SDG 12, SDG13 and SDG 17. With available food safety opportunities in Rwanda, food safety should be a priority because it plays a critical role in implementing effective sustainable development programs. There is a need for food safety strategic integration by an evidence-based food safety decision-making approach through involving all concerned stakeholders.
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
ERIЯƎ Genesis: The Seed Structure of All Mathematics
Creators: name: DanBrasilP
Publisher: name: GitHub
Year: 2025
Subjects: Foundations of Mathematics
Rotational Algebra
ERIRE Theory
Symbolic Geometr
Mathematical Ontology
Prime Structure
Coherent Origin

description: This article presents the foundational structure of all mathematics as an emergent coherence system rooted in rotational algebra. Under the ERIЯƎ Theory framework, the entire spectrum of mathematical forms — from natural numbers to complex systems — is derived from a single generator: the coherent resonance of an initial rotational domain (α).

This Genesis expansion formalizes the bridge between symbolic, geometric, and axiomatic math through topological progression. It suggests that number theory, algebra, and even category theory emerge as shadows of this primary coherence. The work is presented with symbolic clarity, linking pure mathematical archetypes to their geometric and ontological origins.
description: Este artigo apresenta a estrutura fundamental de toda a matemática como um sistema de coerência emergente enraizado na álgebra rotacional. Sob a estrutura da Teoria ERIЯƎ, todo o espectro de formas matemáticas — dos números naturais aos sistemas complexos — é derivado de um único gerador: a ressonância coerente de um domínio rotacional inicial (α).

Esta expansão de Gênesis formaliza a ponte entre a matemática simbólica, geométrica e axiomática por meio da progressão topológica. Sugere que a teoria dos números, a álgebra e até mesmo a teoria das categorias emergem como sombras dessa coerência primária. O trabalho é apresentado com clareza simbólica, ligando arquétipos matemáticos puros às suas origens geométricas e ontológicas.
Implementing the package of CDC and WHO recommended linkage services: Methods, outcomes, and costs of the Bukoba Tanzania Combination Prevention Evaluation peer-delivered, linkage case management program, 2014-2017
Creators: name: MacKellar, Duncan A.
name: Maruyama, Haruka
name: Rwabiyago, Oscar Ernest
name: Steiner, Claire
name: Cham, Haddi
name: Msumi, Omari
name: Weber, Rachel
name: Kundi, Gerald
name: Suraratdecha, Chutima
name: Mengistu, Tewodaj
name: Byrd, Johnita
name: Pals, Sherri
name: Churi, Eliufoo
name: Madevu-Matson, Caitlin A.
name: Kazaura, Kokuhumbya
name: Morales, Fernando
name: Rutachunzibwa, Thomas
name: Justman, Jessica E.
name: Rwebembera, Anath
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: HIV-positive persons--Medical care
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Medical care--Utilization

description: Although several studies have evaluated one or more linkage services to improve early enrollment in HIV care in Tanzania, none have evaluated the package of linkage services recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). We describe the uptake of each component of the CDC/WHO recommended package of linkage services, and early enrollment in HIV care and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among persons with HIV who participated in a peer-delivered, linkage case management (LCM) program implemented in Bukoba, Tanzania, October 2014 –May 2017. Of 4206 participants (88% newly HIV diagnosed), most received recommended services including counseling on the importance of early enrollment in care and ART (100%); escort by foot or car to an HIV care and treatment clinic (CTC) (83%); treatment navigation at a CTC (94%); telephone support and appointment reminders (77% among clients with cellphones); and counseling on HIV-status disclosure and partner/family testing (77%), and on barriers to care (69%). During three periods with different ART-eligibility thresholds [CD4<350 (Oct 2014 –Dec 2015, n = 2233), CD4≤500 (Jan 2016 –Sept 2016, n = 1221), and Test & Start (Oct 2016 –May 2017, n = 752)], 90%, 96%, and 97% of clients enrolled in HIV care, and 47%, 67%, and 86% of clients initiated ART, respectively, within three months of diagnosis. Of 463 LCM clients who participated in the last three months of the rollout of Test & Start, 91% initiated ART. Estimated per-client cost was $44 United States dollars (USD) for delivering LCM services in communities and facilities overall, and $18 USD for a facility-only model with task shifting. Well accepted by persons with HIV, peer-delivered LCM services recommended by CDC and WHO can achieve near universal early ART initiation in the Test & Start era at modest cost and should be considered for implementation in facilities and communities experiencing <90% early enrollment in ART care.
Principe local-global pour les zéro-cycles sur certaines fibrations au-dessus d'une courbe : I
Creators: name: Liang, Yongqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G25 (11G35, 14D10)

description: Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over a number field, fibered over a curve, with geometrically integral fibers. We prove that, supposing the finiteness of $\sha(Jac(C))$, if the fibers over a generalised Hilbertian subset satisfy the Hasse principle (resp. weak approximation), then the Brauer-Manin obstruction coming from the base curve is the only obstruction to the Hasse principle (resp. to weak approximation) for zero-cycles of degree 1 on $X$.
description: Some mistakes are corrected, unnecessary arguments are omitted. 20 pages
Evolution and stability of altruist strategies in microbial games
Creators: name: Adami, Christoph
name: Schossau, Jory
name: Hintze, Arend
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When microbes compete for limited resources, they often engage in chemical warfare using bacterial toxins. This competition can be understood in terms of evolutionary game theory (EGT). We study the predictions of EGT for the bacterial "suicide bomber" game in terms of the phase portraits of population dynamics, for parameter combinations that cover all interesting games for two-players, and seven of the 38 possible phase portraits of the three-player game. We compare these predictions to simulations of these competitions in finite well-mixed populations, but also allowing for probabilistic rather than pure strategies, as well as Darwinian adaptation over tens of thousands of generations. We find that Darwinian evolution of probabilistic strategies stabilizes games of the rock-paper-scissors type that emerge for parameters describing realistic bacterial populations, and point to ways in which the population fixed point can be selected by changing those parameters.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures. Major rewrite and expansion. New stability analysis
Analytical Uncertainty in Animal Feed Laboratories: A Current Evaluation of AAFCO Proficiency Testing Data for Select Analytes
Creators: name: Herrman, Timothy
name: Lee, Kyung-Min
name: Hsieh, Yi-Cheng
name: Williams, Sara
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: analytical variability; animal feed; measurement uncertainty, Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO); proficiency test
The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) created analytical variations (AVs) have been widely utilized by the animal feed regulatory community. We reevaluated the current AAFCO AV values and developed a model to propose new estimates for possible replacement of the current values for select analytes.

description: The animal feed regulatory community utilizes analytical variations (AVs) that account for the normal variability that occurs within and between laboratories. The AV was created using the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) proficiency testing (PT) program results and represent the coefficient of variation times 2 (2 CV). This study was performed to assess the accuracy of the published AVs within the association’s Official Publication (OP) using AAFCO PT data from 2014 to 2020. This study also reevaluated the current AV values by applying the concept of the measurement uncertainties including the expanded uncertainty (U), Horwitz value, and 2 CV for the assessment of the label guarantees. Although greater variations were observed at lower concentrations, the majority of data points from the PT rounds showed an acceptable reproducibility for the select analytical methods except for cobalt, fat, fiber, moisture, and selenium where 2 CV was higher than the current AAFCO AV. Regression models were developed based on the 95% tolerance interval of expanded uncertainty and 2 CV and were validated using the 2019-2020 AAFCO PT data. The validation data fell within the expanded uncertainty and 2 CV model bounds indicating the new models were fit-for-purpose and accurately characterized current AAFCO PT data. The study results imply the AAFCO AV and its issues need to be better understood to improve an accuracy and traceability of the laboratory’s measurement and thus regulatory decisions to help animal feed producers and processors lower economic losses.
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Due taxa esclusivi dell'isola di Pantelleria (Trapani, Sicilia): Ophrys scolopax "di Pantelleria" e Serapias cossyrensis
Creators: name: Romieg Soca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ophrys
Serapias

description: Campo V., Romolini R. & Soca R., 2017. Due taxa esclusivi dell'isola di Pantelleria (Trapani, Sicilia): Ophrys scolopax "di Pantelleria" e Serapias cossyrensis. GIROS Orchidee Spontanee d'Europa 60(1): 180-192.
Geometric properties of the space of Lagrangian self-shrinking tori in ℝ⁴
Creators: name: Ma, Man Shun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: We prove that any sequence {Fn : ∑ → ℝ⁴} of conformally branched compact Lagrangian self-shrinkers to the mean curvature flow with uniform area upper bound has a convergent subsequence, if the conformal structures do not degenerate. When ∑ has genus one, we can drop the assumption on non-degeneracy the conformal structures. When ∑ has genus zero, we show that there is no branched immersion of ∑ as a Lagrangian self-shrinker, generalizing the rigidity result of [52] in dimension two by allowing branch points. When the area bound is small, we show that any such Lagrangian self-shrinking torus in $\mathbb R^4$ is embedded with uniform curvature estimates. For a general area bound, we prove that the entropy for the Lagrangian self-shrinking tori can only take finitely many values; this is done by deriving a Łojasiewicz-Simon type gradient inequality for the branched conformal self-shrinking tori. Using the finiteness of entropy values, we construct a piecewise Lagrangian mean curvature flow for Lagrangian immersed tori, along which the Lagrangian condition is preserved, area is decreasing, and the compact type I singularities with a fixed area upper bound can be perturbed away in finitely many steps. This is a Lagrangian version of the construction for embedded surfaces in ℝ³ in [17]. In the noncompact situation, we derive a parabolic Omori-Yau maximum principle for a proper mean curvature flow when the ambient space has lower bound on ℓ-sectional curvature. We apply this to show that the image of Gauss map is preserved under a proper mean curvature flow in euclidean spaces with uniform bounded second fundamental form. This generalizes a result of Wang [53] for compact immersions. We also prove a Omori-Yau maximum principle for properly immersed self-shrinkers, which improves a result in [8].
Regulatory policies for heavy metals in spices – a New York approach
Creators: name: Ishida, Maria L.
name: Greene, Virginia
name: King, Thomas
name: Sheridan, Robert
name: Luker, John
name: Oglesby, Debra V.
name: Trodden, Jennifer
name: Greenberg, Jon
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: spices, regulation, action level, heavy metals, lead, arsenic, cadmium
Food contamination and adulteration
Risk analysis
Evaluation of regulatory practices and improvement

description: The New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets (NYSAGM) Division of Food Safety and Inspection (NYSAGM-FSI), observed high levels of heavy metals in spices through its routine food surveillance program. There are no federal action levels for heavy metals in spices. In consultation with the NYSAGM Food Laboratory (NYSAGM-FL) and using results from a devised targeted sampling plan, NYSAGM-FSI instituted a State Class II action level of 1 ppm for Pb, arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) and a State Class I action level of 25 ppm for Pb in spices. In 2018, NYSAGM and the New York State Department of Health’s Bureau of Toxic Substance Assessment (NYSDOH-BTSA) created the Center of Excellence on Food Research to determine actionable limits of contaminants commonly found in spices, particularly heavy metals. NYSDOH-BTSA performed an assessment of relevant literature published and derived health-based guidance values for As, Cd, chromium (Cr), and Pb in spices. Consequently, NYSAGM lowered the State’s Class II action levels for Pb, As and Cd in spices by a factor of almost 5 times and is the first State in the nation to establish action levels for heavy metals in spices providing better protection to New York State consumers. https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v10i1ishida
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Approximating Cayley diagrams versus Cayley graphs
Creators: name: Timar, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a sequence of finite graphs that weakly converge to a Cayley graph, but there is no labelling of the edges that would converge to the corresponding Cayley diagram. A similar construction is used to give graph sequences that converge to the same limit, and such that a spanning tree in one of them has a limit that is not approximable by any subgraph of the other. We give an example where this subtree is a Hamiltonian cycle, but convergence is meant in a stronger sense. These latter are related to whether having a Hamiltonian cycle is a testable graph property.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Bayesian hierarchical vector autoregressive models for patient-level predictive modeling
Creators: name: Lu, Feihan
name: Zheng, Yao
name: Cleveland, Harrington
name: Burton, Chris
name: Madigan, David B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Preventive health services
Bayesian statistical decision theory--Mathematical models
Autoregression (Statistics)
Medical care

description: Predicting health outcomes from longitudinal health histories is of central importance to healthcare. Observational healthcare databases such as patient diary databases provide a rich resource for patient-level predictive modeling. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical vector autoregressive (VAR) model to predict medical and psychological conditions using multivariate time series data. Compared to the existing patient-specific predictive VAR models, our model demonstrated higher accuracy in predicting future observations in terms of both point and interval estimates due to the pooling effect of the hierarchical model specification. In addition, by adopting an elastic-net prior, our model offers greater interpretability about the associations between variables of interest on both the population level and the patient level, as well as between-patient heterogeneity. We apply the model to two examples: 1) predicting substance use craving, negative affect and tobacco use among college students, and 2) predicting functional somatic symptoms and psychological discomforts.
Generalized Geologic Map for Land-Use Planning: Knox County, Kentucky
Creators: name: Carey, Daniel I.
name: Storm, John
Publisher: name: Kentucky Geological Survey, University of Kentucky
Year: 2007

description: Abstract:
This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes. The properties of thick soils may supercede those of the underlying bedrock and should be considered on a site-to-site basis. At any site, it is important to understand the characteristics of both the soils and the underlying rock.
Neural responses to natural and model-matched stimuli reveal distinct computations in primary and nonprimary auditory cortex
Creators: name: Norman-Haignere, Sam V.
name: McDermott, Josh H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Auditory cortex
Senses and sensation--Mathematical models
Neurology
Brain--Magnetic resonance imaging

description: A central goal of sensory neuroscience is to construct models that can explain neural responses to natural stimuli. As a consequence, sensory models are often tested by comparing neural responses to natural stimuli with model responses to those stimuli. One challenge is that distinct model features are often correlated across natural stimuli, and thus model features can predict neural responses even if they do not in fact drive them. Here, we propose a simple alternative for testing a sensory model: we synthesize a stimulus that yields the same model response as each of a set of natural stimuli, and test whether the natural and “model-matched” stimuli elicit the same neural responses. We used this approach to test whether a common model of auditory cortex—in which spectrogram-like peripheral input is processed by linear spectrotemporal filters—can explain fMRI responses in humans to natural sounds. Prior studies have that shown that this model has good predictive power throughout auditory cortex, but this finding could reflect feature correlations in natural stimuli. We observed that fMRI responses to natural and model-matched stimuli were nearly equivalent in primary auditory cortex (PAC) but that nonprimary regions, including those selective for music or speech, showed highly divergent responses to the two sound sets. This dissociation between primary and nonprimary regions was less clear from model predictions due to the influence of feature correlations across natural stimuli. Our results provide a signature of hierarchical organization in human auditory cortex, and suggest that nonprimary regions compute higher-order stimulus properties that are not well captured by traditional models. Our methodology enables stronger tests of sensory models and could be broadly applied in other domains.
Additional file 7 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Supplemental Figure 7. Early not Exogenous BMP Causes Mesoderm Formation. (A) Number of differentially expressed genes between the epidermal and ventral mesoderm lineages at each developmental stage (padj ≤ 0.05). (B) Number of enriched Mesoderm GO Terms (solid line) and Epidermis GO Terms (dashed line) in genes significantly higher in the ventral mesoderm lineage (purple) and epidermal lineage (red) at each developmental stage. (C) Western Blot Analysis of lysates for epidermal (WT) and BMP4/7 treated at stage 9 (BMP4/7 20ng/uL) explants collected at stage 10 and epidermal (WT) and BMP4/7 treated at stage 10.5 (BMP4/7 20ng/uL) explants collected at stage 11 for pSmad1/5/8 with Actin loading control. Gel was cropped to show one replicate, uncropped gel is Supplemental Figure 9B. (D) qRT-PCR of animal pole explants examining the fold change from stage 9 to 13 of expression of mesodermal marker Bra(T) for epidermis(WT), treated with BMP4/7(20ng/uL) at stage 9 and treated with BMP4/7 (20ng/uL) at stage 10.5 (***P<0.005).
Upper critical field and thermally activated flux flow in single crystalline Tl$_{0.58}$Rb$_{0.42}$Fe$_{1.72}$Se$_2$
Creators: name: Jiao, L.
name: Kohama, Y.
name: Zhang, J. L.
name: Wang, H. D.
name: Maiorov, B.
name: Balakirev, F. F.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Wang, L. N.
name: Shang, T.
name: Fang, M. H.
name: Yuan, H. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The upper critical field $μ_0H_{c2}(T_c)$ of Tl$_{0.58}$Rb$_{0.42}$Fe$_{1.72}$Se$_2$ single crystals has been determined by means of measuring the electrical resistivity in both a pulsed magnetic field ($\sim$60T) and a DC magnetic field ($\sim$14T). It is found that $H_{c2}$ linearly increases with decreasing temperature for $\textbf{H}$$\parallel$$c$, reaching $μ_0H_{c2}^{\textbf{H}\parallel c}(0\textrm{K})\simeq60$ T. On the other hand, a larger $μ_0H_{c2}(0\textrm{K})$ with a strong convex curvature is observed for $\textbf{H}$$\perp$$c$ ($μ_0H_{c2}^{\textbf{H}\perp c}$(18K)$\simeq$60T). This compound shows a moderate anisotropy of the upper critical field around $T_c$, but decreases with decreasing temperature. Analysis of the upper critical field based on the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg (WHH) method indicates that $μ_0H_{c2}(0\textrm{K})$ is orbitally limited for $\textbf{H}$$\parallel$$c$, but the effect of spin paramagnetism may play an important role on the pair breaking for $\textbf{H}$$\perp$$c$. All these experimental observations remarkably resemble those of the iron pnictide superconductors, suggesting a unified scenario for the iron-based superconductors. Moreover, the superconducting transition is significantly broadened upon applying a magnetic field, indicating strong thermal fluctuation effects in the superconducting state of Tl$_{0.58}$Rb$_{0.42}$Fe$_{1.72}$Se$_2$. The derived thermal activation energy for vortex motion is compatible with those of the 1111-type iron pnictides.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Ophrys molisana in Abruzzo, Molise and Latium (Central, Italy)
Creators: name: Romieg Soca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Ophrys
Ophrys molisana

description: Soca R., 2017. Ophrys molisana in Abruzzo, Molise and Latium (Central, Italy). Journal Europäischer Orchideen 49(2): 361-386.
Small for gestational age and risk of childhood mortality: A Swedish population study
Creators: name: Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
name: Lu, Donghao
name: Hammarström, Lennart
name: Cnattingius, Sven
name: Fang, Fang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Children--Mortality
Birth size
Infants--Mortality

description: Background
Small for gestational age (SGA) has been associated with increased risks of stillbirth and neonatal mortality, but data on long-term childhood mortality are scarce. Maternal antenatal care, including globally reducing the risk of SGA birth, may be key to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing under-5 mortality. We therefore aimed to examine the association between SGA and mortality from 28 days to <18 years using a population-based and a sibling control design.

Methods and findings
In a Swedish population study, we identified 3,795,603 non-malformed singleton live births and 2,781,464 full siblings born from January 1, 1973, to December 31, 2012. We examined the associations of severe (<3rd percentile) and moderate (3rd to <10th percentile) SGA with risks of death from 28 days to <18 years after birth. Children born SGA were first compared to non-SGA children from the population, and then to non-SGA siblings. The sibling-based analysis, by design, features a better control for unmeasured factors that are shared between siblings (e.g., socioeconomic status, lifestyle, and genetic factors). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards and flexible parametric survival models. During follow-up (1973–2013), there were 10,838 deaths in the population-based analysis and 1,572 deaths in sibling pairs with discordant SGA and mortality status. The crude mortality rate per 10,000 person-years was 5.32 in children born with severe SGA, 2.76 in children born with moderate SGA, and 1.93 in non-SGA children. Compared with non-SGA children, children born with severe SGA had an increased risk of death in both the population-based (HR = 2.58, 95% CI = 2.38–2.80) and sibling-based (HR = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.19–3.10) analyses. Similar but weaker associations were found for moderate SGA in the population-based (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.28–1.47) and sibling-based (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.22–1.56) analyses. The excess risk was most pronounced between 28 days and <1 year of age but remained throughout childhood. The greatest risk increase associated with severe SGA was noted for deaths due to infection and neurologic disease. Although we have, to our knowledge, the largest study sample so far addressing the research question, some subgroup analyses, especially the analysis of cause-specific mortality, had limited statistical power using the sibling-based approach.

Conclusions
We found that SGA, especially severe SGA, was associated with an increased risk of childhood death beyond the neonatal period, with the highest risk estimates for death from infection and neurologic disease. The similar results obtained between the population- and sibling-based analyses argue against strong confounding by factors shared within families.
Modeling the measles paradox reveals the importance of cellular immunity in regulating viral clearance
Creators: name: Morris, Sinead Elizabeth
name: Yates, Andrew J.
name: De Swart, Rik L.
name: De Vries, Rory D.
name: Mina, Michael J.
name: Nelson, Ashley N.
name: Lin, Wen-Hsuan W.
name: Kouyos, Roger D.
name: Griffin, Diane E.
name: Grenfell, Bryan T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Measles virus
Cellular immunity
Morbilliviruses
Molecular biology--Mathematical models

description: Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious member of the Morbillivirus genus that remains a major cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Although infection induces a strong MV-specific immune response that clears viral load and confers lifelong immunity, transient immunosuppression can also occur, leaving the host vulnerable to colonization from secondary pathogens. This apparent contradiction of viral clearance in the face of immunosuppression underlies what is often referred to as the ‘measles paradox’, and remains poorly understood. To explore the mechanistic basis underlying the measles paradox, and identify key factors driving viral clearance, we return to a previously published dataset of MV infection in rhesus macaques. These data include virological and immunological information that enable us to fit a mathematical model describing how the virus interacts with the host immune system. In particular, our model incorporates target cell depletion through infection of host immune cells—a hallmark of MV pathology that has been neglected from previous models. We find the model captures the data well, and that both target cell depletion and immune activation are required to explain the overall dynamics. Furthermore, by simulating conditions of increased target cell availability and suppressed cellular immunity, we show that the latter causes greater increases in viral load and delays to MV clearance. Overall, this signals a more dominant role for cellular immunity in resolving acute MV infection. Interestingly, we find contrasting dynamics dominated by target cell depletion when viral fitness is increased. This may have wider implications for animal morbilliviruses, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), that cause fatal target cell depletion in their natural hosts. To our knowledge this work represents the first fully calibrated within-host model of MV dynamics and, more broadly, provides a new platform from which to explore the complex mechanisms underlying Morbillivirus infection.
Additional file 8 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Supplemental Figure 8. Raw Images of Main Figure Western Blots. (A) Figure 4A Western blot analysis of lysates of developing epidermal (WT) and neural (20uM K02288) explants for pSmad1/5/8 and Smad1 with Actin loading control. Blot was cut prior to antibody hybridization to conserve antibody, unedited scan showing blot edges provided. (B) Figure 7A Western Blot analysis of lysates for developing epidermal (WT) and ventral mesoderm (BMP4/7 20ng/uL) explants for pSmad1/5/8 and Smad1 with Actin loading control. Blot was cut prior to antibody hybridization to conserve antibody. Initial scan showing blot edges (top) and high resolution unedited scan of relevant size (bottom) both provided. (C) Figure 8C Western Blot of lysates for stage 10 epidermal (WT), Dand5 MO injected (40pmol/embryo), ventral mesoderm (BMP4/7 20ng/uL), and endoderm (160ng/uL Activin) explants for pSmad1/5/8 with Actin loading control. Blot was cut prior to antibody hybridization to conserve antibody. Initial scans showing blot edges and high resolution unedited scans of relevant size for all three replicates are provided. Figure 8C is replicate 1.
Acceptable medication non-adherence: A crowdsourcing study among French physicians for commonly prescribed medications
Creators: name: Sidorkiewicz, Stéphanie
name: Tran, Viet-Thi
name: Ravaud, Philippe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Patient compliance
Physicians
Drugs

description: Background
Achieving good medication adherence is a major challenge for patients with chronic conditions. Our study aimed to assess the Threshold for Unacceptable Risk of Non-adherence (TURN), defined as the threshold at which physicians consider the health risks incurred by patients due to medication non-adherence unacceptable, for the most commonly prescribed drugs in France.

Methods
We conducted an online study using a crowdsourcing approach among French general practitioners and specialists from September 2016 to August 2017. Physicians assessed the TURN for various levels of missed doses by evaluating a series of randomly presented clinical vignettes, each presenting a given medication with a given therapeutic indication. For each “drug-indication group” (i.e., all drugs from the same pharmacological class with a similar therapeutic indication): 1) we described the distribution of physicians’ assessments, 2) we provided a summary estimate of the TURN, defined as the frequency of missed doses above which 75% of the physicians’ assessments were located; 3) we computed the number of pill boxes reimbursed in France in 2016 to put our results into context.

Results
We collected a total of 5365 assessments from 544 physicians, each of whom evaluated a random sample among 528 distinct clinical vignettes. Estimates of the TURN varied widely across drug-indication groups, ranging from risk considered unacceptable with 1 daily dose missed per month (e.g., insulin for diabetes) to risk always considered acceptable (e.g., anti-dementia drugs). Drugs with an estimated TURN of over one missing daily dose per week represented 44.9% of the prescription volume of the medications assessed in our study.

Conclusions
According to physicians, the impact of non-adherence may vary greatly. Patient-physician discussions on the variable consequences of non-adherence could lead to a paradigm shift by seeking to reach “optimal adherence” depending on drugs rather than unrealistic “perfect adherence” to all drugs.
Ancestral origin of ApoE ε4 Alzheimer disease risk in Puerto Rican and African American populations
Creators: name: Rajabli, Farid
name: Feliciano, Briseida E.
name: Celis, Katrina
name: Hamilton-Nelson, Kara L.
name: Whitehead, Patrice L.
name: Adams, Larry D.
name: Bussies, Parker L.
name: Manrique, Clara P.
name: Rodriguez, Alejandra
name: Rodriguez, Vanessa
name: Starks, Takiyah
name: Byfield, Grace E.
name: Sierra Lopez, Carolina B.
name: McCauley, Jacob L.
name: Acosta, Heriberto
name: Chinea, Angel
name: Kunkle, Brian W.
name: Reitz, Christiane
name: Farrer, Lindsay A.
name: Schellenberg, Gerard D.
name: Vardarajan, Badri N.
name: Vance, Jeffery M.
name: Cuccaro, Michael L.
name: Martin, Eden R.
name: Haines, Jonathan L.
name: Byrd, Goldie S.
name: Beecham, Gary W.
name: Pericak-Vance, Margaret A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Alzheimer's disease--Genetic aspects
Apolipoprotein E gene
African Americans
Puerto Ricans

description: The ApoE ε4 allele is the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease. The risk conferred by ε4, however, differs across populations, with populations of African ancestry showing lower ε4 risk compared to those of European or Asian ancestry. The cause of this heterogeneity in risk effect is currently unknown; it may be due to environmental or cultural factors correlated with ancestry, or it may be due to genetic variation local to the ApoE region that differs among populations. Exploring these hypotheses may lead to novel, population-specific therapeutics and risk predictions. To test these hypotheses, we analyzed ApoE genotypes and genome-wide array data in individuals from African American and Puerto Rican populations. A total of 1,766 African American and 220 Puerto Rican individuals with late-onset Alzheimer disease, and 3,730 African American and 169 Puerto Rican cognitively healthy individuals (> 65 years) participated in the study. We first assessed average ancestry across the genome (“global” ancestry) and then tested it for interaction with ApoE genotypes. Next, we assessed the ancestral background of ApoE alleles (“local” ancestry) and tested if ancestry local to ApoE influenced Alzheimer disease risk while controlling for global ancestry. Measures of global ancestry showed no interaction with ApoE risk (Puerto Rican: p-value = 0.49; African American: p-value = 0.65). Conversely, ancestry local to the ApoE region showed an interaction with the ApoE ε4 allele in both populations (Puerto Rican: p-value = 0.019; African American: p-value = 0.005). ApoE ε4 alleles on an African background conferred a lower risk than those with a European ancestral background, regardless of population (Puerto Rican: OR = 1.26 on African background, OR = 4.49 on European; African American: OR = 2.34 on African background, OR = 3.05 on European background). Factors contributing to the lower risk effect in the ApoE gene ε4 allele are likely due to ancestry-specific genetic factors near ApoE rather than non-genetic ethnic, cultural, and environmental factors.
Measure of Value: FDA in the Age of COVID
Creators: name: Beninger, Paul
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: hierarchical layers and components of the regulatory system
approaches to understanding value
COVID-19 as an overarching case study with representative scenarios
Hierarchical layers and components of the regulatory process
COVID-19

description: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the institutional regulatory gateway through which healthcare business sectors gain access to commercial markets in pharmaceuticals, biologicals, vaccines, medical devices, diagnostic test kits and persona protective equipment. The unfolding of events for the COVID-19 pandemic serve as a case study for understanding, in real time, how FDA has contributed value to the healthcare sector. Federal regulatory agencies, such as FDA, require strong processes to provide fair and consistent outcomes to retain the trust of the stakeholder community. These processes include statutes and regulations, internal manual of standard operating procedures and policies, guidance documents, external advisory committees and the Office of Inspector General. These processes cover the following activities: product development conditions, regulatory pathways, types of approvals, manufacturing quality, and post marketing safety. Together, the institutional experiences that led to and shaped these processes prepared FDA for the challenges associated with COVID-19. The sum of twelve decades of experience comes down to the following goals that provide value to the degree with which each is successful: 1) The manufacturing process must meet standards of quality and be secured. 2) Medical products must be shown, through scientific evidence and based on evidentiary standards, to be safe and effective for human use. 3) Identified risks must be mitigated, by labeling at a minimum, with additional strategies as necessary. 4) Provisions must exist for extraordinary circumstances of limited unmet medical needs and of threats to public health and national security. https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v10i1beninger
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2022)
Mitigating Aflatoxin in Rwanda
Creators: name: Herrman, Timothy J
name: Hoffmann, Vivian
name: Kamaraba, Illuminee
name: Konlambigue, Matieyedou
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: Aflatoxin, Rwanda, mitigation strategies, APTECA
Aflatoxin Risk Management
Rwanda

description: On August 18th, 2021, the International Growth Centre and the Rwandan Ministry of Agriculture organised a webinar under the theme Market Driven Strategies for Mitigating Aflatoxin in Rwanda. The webinar highlighted Rwanda's progress towards mitigating aflatoxin and showcased innovative approaches used by neighbouring countries. The event was an opportunity for stakeholders to discuss Rwanda’s key challenges in post-harvest management and assess the evidence on approaches that have (not) worked in similar contexts. https://doi.org/10.21423/jrs-v09i2kamaraba
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
On tensor products of weak mixing vector sequences and their applications to uniquely $E$-weak mixing $C^*$- dynamical systems
Creators: name: Mukhamedov, Farrukh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L35, 46L55, 46L51, 28D05

description: We prove that, under certain conditions, uniform weak mixing (to zero) of the bounded sequences in Banach space implies uniform weak mixing of its tensor product. Moreover, we prove that ergodicity of tensor product of the sequences in Banach space implies its weak mixing. Applications of the obtained results, we prove that tensor product of uniquely $E$-weak mixing $C^*$-dynamical systems is also uniquely $E$-weak mixing as well.
description: 14 pages