cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Victim participation before the International Criminal Court
Creators: name: Burkhardt, Maren
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Opferbeteiligung
subject: Nebenklage
subject: Völkerstrafrecht
subject: Internationaler Strafgerichtshof
subject: victim participation
subject: International Criminal Court
subject: Rome Statute
subject: International Criminal Law
subject: 340 Recht
subject: 19 Recht
subject: PR 2210

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, inwieweit Geschädigte von völkerstrafrechtlichen Verbrechen sich am Verfahren vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof (IStGH) beteiligen können. Im Jahr 1998 wurde das Rom Statut des IStGH errichtet, welches erstmalig im Völkerstrafrecht die Möglichkeit für Geschädigte vorsieht, über die „Beteiligung“ als Zeuge hinaus aktiv am Verfahren vor dem IStGH teilzunehmen. Die Arbeit setzt die Normen des Rom Statuts zunächst in einen historischen Kontext. Sodann wird die Auslegung der Normen in den unterschiedlichen Verfahrensabschnitten umfassend anhand der gängigen Interpretationsmechanismen sowie der bisherigen Rechtsprechung erläutert. Da die Auslegung der Normen aufgrund der teilweise sehr weiten Fassung der Normen und der fehlenden Rechtsprechung weitestgehend ungeklärt war und zum großen Teil immernoch ist, stellt die Erläuterung der Auslegungsmöglichkeiten einen Schwerpunkt der Arbeit dar. Es erfolgt sodann eine Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage, inwieweit die bestehenden Regeln auf der einen Seite den Wünschen und Erwartungen der Geschädigten entsprechen, und inwieweit sie auf der anderen Seite mit den Rechten der Angeklagten und übergeordneten Interessen in Übereinstimmung zu bringen sind. Es werden Alternativen zum Internationalen Strafgerichtshof untersucht. Die Arbeit zeigt im Ergebnis Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der sogenannten Opferbeteiligung auf und erarbeitet Verbesserungsvorschläge zu dem derzeit bestehenden Modell.
description: When the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court was adopted in 1998, one of its innovations was that victims were granted an active role in the proceedings. This thesis is among the first to focus on the International Criminal Court’s power to enable victims to take part in the proceedings. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the legal framework of the participation system, taking into account relevant Court decisions. The study examines the position of victims in international criminal law, especially their rights to participate in all stages of the proceedings. It further explores to which extent the rules of the International Criminal Court correspond to the victims’ needs and wishes and on the other hand how the rules can be reconciled with the rights of the accused and other interests. The extent to which the ICC, as a criminal court, can and will at all help victims to overcome the consequences of war crimes. It will finally be reflected on some possible alternatives.
Simulating Dispersed Photovoltaic Power Generation Using a Bimodal Mixture Model of the Clear-Sky Index
Creators: name: Munkhammar, J.
name: Rydén, J.
name: Widén, J.
name: Lingfors, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1560-1567
description: Improved probability distribution models for power generation are useful e.g. for probabilistic power flow simulations. This paper presents a distribution model for photovoltaic (PV) power generation based on the clear-sky index. With the use of minute-resolution data on global horizontal irradiation (GHI) we fit unimodal normal, bimodal normal and trimodal normal mixture distribution families to the clear-sky index. Based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) tests the best fit distribution family consisting of a bimodal normal distribution is then used for estimating an aggregate clear-sky index for multiple dispersed locations that are assumed to be uncorrelated in terms of sky clearness. For five or more locations the aggregate clear-sky index follows a normal distribution due to the central limit theorem. Models for solar radiation on tilted planes and PV power generation are applied to the clear-sky index to generate probability distributions for an arbitrary PV system.
Monitoring 30,000 PV Systems in Europe: Performance, Faults, and State of the Art
Creators: name: Leloux, J.
name: Taylor, J.
name: Moreton Villagrá, R.
name: Narvarte, L.
name: Trebosc, D.
name: Desportes, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Operation of PV Systems and Plants

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1574-1582
description: We have tried to cast some light on some of the numerous questions concerning the performance of
solar PV systems in Europe. We have based our analysis on the operational data monitored at more than 31,000 PV
systems in Europe. These installations comprise residential and commercial rooftop PV systems distributed over 9
different countries, including multi-megawatt PV plants installed in the South of Europe. The PV systems were
installed between 2006 and 2014. The mean Energy Yield of the PV systems located in the four reference countries
are 1115 kWh/kWp for France, 898 kWh/kWp for the UK, 908 kWh/kWp for Belgium, 1450 kWh/kWp for the PV
plants in Spain mounted on a static structure, and 2127 kWh/kWp for those mounted on a solar tracker in Spain. We
suggest that the typical PR value for the PV systems installed in 2015 is 0.81. We have observed that the performance
of the PV systems tends to increase when the peak power of the PV systems increases. We have found significant
performance differences as a function of the inverter manufacturer, and the PV module manufacturer and technology.
We have found an improvement of the state-of-the-art, in the form of an increase in performance in the yearly
integrated PR of around 3 to 4% over the last seven years, which represents an increase of about 0.5% per year.
Characterising the Accuracy of Measurements by PV Micro-Inverters
Creators: name: Musolino, V.
name: Alet, P.-J.
name: Perret-Aebi, L.-E.
name: Ballif, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
Balance of System Components

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1598-1601
description: Monitoring of distributed solar power sources is required for the correct evaluation of the system
performances as well as the possible maintenance actions. The use of micro-converter based solutions, especially in
BIPV systems, enables not only the maximization of the energy harvested from solar panels, but also the possibility
to monitor the entire system with a resolution down to the micro-converter level. Typically all these devices have an
built in electronic able to perform at least measures on the outputted power and energy. The accuracy of available
measurements often is not declared on the manufacturer’s datasheets, as well as the way the different measures are
performed. This aspect is addressed and investigated in this article by defining a test protocol based on the reference
standard EN50530. By means of an experimental campaign over 5 micro-converter devices of different
manufacturers the measures performed by the built in electronic of the different devices will be compared with those
one performed by a reference acquisition system for different operative conditions of use.
Can Heterojunction III-V Cells Outperform the Homojunction GaAs Cell?
Creators: name: Hu, Y.-Y.
name: Bauhuis, G.J.
name: Mulder, P.
name: Cheun, H.
name: Yoon, W.
name: Lee, H.M.
name: Schermer, J.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
III-V-based Multi-junction Solar Cells, Concentrator Solar Cells and Space Solar Cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1466-1469
description: III-V heterojunction and homojunction structures grown on GaAs substrates were investigated to obtain maximum efficiency for single junction solar cells. For this purpose, AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs and AlyGa1-yInP/GaAs cell structures with various emitter compositions and layer thicknesses were developed and studied in detail. A standard GaAs homojunction cell was used as a benchmark to which the performances of the heterojunction cells were examined. Although none of the tested heterojunction cells performs better than the homojunction cell in this development stage, the Al0.2Ga0.8As heterojunction cell has shown a promising potential to achieve a higher efficiency.
Radiation Resistance in High-Efficiency III-V/Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Mechanically Stacked Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kawakita, S.
name: Imaizumi, M.
name: Makita, K.
name: Nishinaga, J.
name: Sugaya, T.
name: Shibata, H.
name: Sato, S.
name: Ohshima, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
III-V-based Multi-junction Solar Cells, Concentrator Solar Cells and Space Solar Cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1501-1504
description: Mechanical stacking technology has been developed to obtain high-efficiency multijunction solar
cells without the use of a monolithic growth process and applied to realize III–V-based high-efficiency solar cells. A
new mechanical stacking method using conductive nanoparticle alignments enables high-efficiency
InGaP/GaAs/CIGS solar cell fabrication. We performed radiation tests of these solar cells to investigate their
application possibility in spacecraft. Electron irradiation did not change the performance of the CIGS solar subcell
in the GaAs/CIGS stacked solar cell. However, electrons could degrade the electrical property of the GaAs subcell.
On the other hand, proton irradiation could degrade the performance of both subcells. The performance of the CIGS
cell in the stacked cell irradiated with protons recovered by thermal annealing. These results suggest that III–
V/CIGS-stacked solar cells have relatively higher radiation resistance for space applications.
Temperature-Dependent Modeling of Concentrator Photovoltaic Module
Creators: name: Lv, H.
name: Dai, J.
name: Huang, C.
name: Li, Z.
name: Sheng, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1505-1508
description: Temperature dependence of a concentrator photovoltaic module series-connected with triple-junction solar
cells is modeled. All 11 unknown circuit parameters are effectively extracted from the experimental I-V curve of the
module using iterative fitting process. The extraction is retrained by both the temperature coefficients for short circuit
current and open circuit voltage of the triple-junction cell given in the manufacture datasheet. Open circuit voltage, short
circuit current and the maximum power on the fitted I-V curve are discussed. The temperature-dependent performance of
the module estimated with the extracted parameters is also analyzed. Both the I-V curve and the temperature-dependence
of the module agree well with the experimental data.
Receivers for WPT by High Power Narrow Laser Beams
Creators: name: Zayats, O.
name: Tugaenko, V.
name: Matsak, I.
name: Rumyantsev, V.
name: Khvostikov, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
Solar Generators for Space Missions

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1494-1497
description: Characteristics of laser power receiver (LPR) for space and Earth applications of wireless power transfer
(WPT) systems are considered. LPR design and circuit diagram in consideration of measured power density distribution of
laser beam are discussed. Laser beams with wavelength of ~0.8 and ~1.1 μm are formed by optical system that allows a
laser beam position to be changed with high accuracy but changing at the same time the beam distortion. Aberrations
change power density distribution of laser spot on LPR surface. Experimental research of LPR illumination by laser beams
on the distances from 0.1 to 1.5 km is described. Influence of atmospheric turbulence on power density distribution within
laser spot is discussed.
Microscopic theory of spin-orbit torques and skyrmion dynamics
Creators: name: Ado, I. A.
name: Tretiakov, O. A.
name: Titov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a general microscopic approach to spin-orbit torques in thin ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayers in linear response to electric current or electric field. The microscopic theory we develop avoids the notion of spin currents and spin-Hall effect. Instead, the torques are directly related to a local spin polarization of conduction electrons, which is computed from generalized Kubo-Středa formulas. A symmetry analysis provides a one-to-one correspondence between polarization susceptibility tensor components and different torque terms in the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation for magnetization dynamics. The spin-orbit torques arising from Rashba or Dresselhaus type of spin-orbit interaction are shown to have different symmetries. We analyze these spin-orbit torques microscopically for a generic electron model in the presence of an arbitrary smooth magnetic texture. For a model with spin-independent disorder we find a major cancelation of the torques. In this case the only remaining torque corresponds to the magnetization-independent Edelstein effect. Furthermore, our results are applied to analyze the dynamics of a Skyrmion under the action of electric current.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
A Neumann Boundary Term for Gravity
Creators: name: Krishnan, Chethan
name: Raju, Avinash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gibbons-Hawking-York (GHY) boundary term makes the Dirichlet problem for gravity well defined, but no such general term seems to be known for Neumann boundary conditions. In this paper, we view Neumann {\em not} as fixing the normal derivative of the metric ("velocity") at the boundary, but as fixing the functional derivative of the action with respect to the boundary metric ("momentum"). This leads directly to a new boundary term for gravity: the trace of the extrinsic curvature with a specific dimension-dependent coefficient. In three dimensions this boundary term reduces to a "one-half" GHY term noted in the literature previously, and we observe that our action translates precisely to the Chern-Simons action with no extra boundary terms. In four dimensions the boundary term vanishes, giving a natural Neumann interpretation to the standard Einstein-Hilbert action without boundary terms. We argue that in light of AdS/CFT, ours is a natural approach for defining a "microcanonical" path integral for gravity in the spirit of the (pre-AdS/CFT) work of Brown and York.
description: v3: emphasized that a covariant notion of Neumann boundary condition inevitably leads to our boundary term. v4: more refs
Performance Enhanced Characterization of InGaP/InGaAs/Ge Triple-Junction Solar Cell Based on Down-Shifting and Antireflection Using EU-Doped Silicate Phosphor Layer
Creators: name: Ho, W.-J.
name: Yang, G.-C.
name: Yeh, C.-W.
name: Sue, R.-S.
name: Shiao, H.-P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
III-V-based Multi-junction Solar Cells, Concentrator Solar Cells and Space Solar Cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1426-1434
description: In this study, the luminescent down-shifting, scattering and antireflection of Eu-doped silicate
phosphor layer coating on the GaAs semiconductor substrate using spin-on film technique with
different surface coverage of phosphor particles are characterized. The conversion efficiency
enhanced 9.677% for a MOCVD grown middle-cell current limited InGaP/InGaAs/Ge triple-junction
(3-J) solar cell coating with a down-shifting Eu-doped silicate phosphor layer on the top surface is
demonstrated under one-sun AM1.5 G illumination. Optical reflective spectrum and
photoluminescence of Eu-doped silicate phosphors layer with different deposition holding times (or
surface coverage of phosphor particles) are measured and compared. Dark and photocurrent-voltage
(I-V) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) response of the 3-J cell with and without Eu-doped
silicate phosphors layer were also measured and characterized. The 3-J cell with 3 wt% Eu-doped
silicate phosphor layer also demonstrated a 2.194% absolute gain in efficiency compared with a
reference cell, due to the luminescent down-shifting, forward scattering, and antireflection of the
Eu-doped silicate phosphor layer.
Use of Double Band Anti-Crossing to Control Optical Absorption of GaAsSbN for Multi-Junction Solar Cells
Creators: name: Thomas, T.
name: Wilson, T.
name: Führer, M.
name: Hylton, N.P.
name: Ekins-Daukes, N.J.
name: Tan, K.H.
name: Li, D.
name: Wicaksono, S.
name: Loke, W.K.
name: Yoon, S.F.
name: Johnson, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
III-V-based Multi-junction Solar Cells, Concentrator Solar Cells and Space Solar Cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1396-1398
description: Dilute nitride materials such as GaAsSbN offer the possibility for large changes in bandgap with
relatively small variation of the nitrogen content and can meet the requirement for a 1 eV bandgap lattice-matched to
GaAs. In a multi-junction solar cell, the precise combination of bandgaps is an important factor for increasing
efficiency and must be optimised to the incident spectrum. GaAsSbN is particularly interesting as Sb affects the
valence band and N affects the conduction band independently through separate band anti-crossing interactions.
These interactions split their respective bands and have been seen to increase the electron effective mass in dilute
nitride alloys. We discuss the effects of Sb and N composition on the band structure and use a model dielectric
function to determine the factors that control the absorption coefficient of the material.
Trackless Holographic Concentrator for MW-Scale PV Plants
Creators: name: Rodríguez San Segundo, H.-J.
name: Villamarín Villegas, A.M.
name: Pérez López, F.J.
name: Calo López, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1399-1402
description: A novel concept of a trackless concentrator is presented. The structure consists of a V-shaped cavity, at
which bottom 32 mm wide solar cells are series connected in one string. The 1 meter high device has an aperture of 1
meter. Therefore, a geometric concentration factor of 32X is achieved. The optics is placed on the cavity’s internal
lateral sides, and combines diffraction and reflection effects. A hologram and a reflective surface capture the whole
range of radiation incidence angles from winter to summer, and sunrise to sunset. They diffract and reflect it towards
the solar cell with steep angles, so that optical losses are greatly reduced and are estimated below a total of 30%. Heat
sink is necessary, but also reduced, because the hologram sends to the cell only the range of wavelengths where the
cell absorbs. Except for the solar cell and the heat sink, the whole module is made of plastic. All of the above shows
calculations of costs per Wp of EUR 0.57 for orders of only 100 kWp, which shows a lot of potential for
competitiveness in the market.
Analysis of SnS Growth and Post Deposition Treatment by Congruent Physical Vapor Deposition
Creators: name: Di Mare, S.
name: Salavei, A.
name: Piccinelli, F.
name: Romeo, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1349-1352
description: In recent times, new earth abundant and non toxic materials, like Cu2ZnSnS4 or SnS, have acquired a
considerable interest in the photovoltaic research field. In this work, SnS thin films solar cells were prepared in
superstrate configuration by vacuum evaporation of 99.99 % pure SnS compound on a glass/ITO/ZnO/CdS stack
substrate heated at several temperatures. The morphology, structure and stoichiometry of as deposited SnS absorber
layers were studied. Several post deposition treatments were performed in order to improve the SnS thin film
crystallinity. The SnS treated layers were also characterized. The J-V characteristics of both as deposited and treated
SnS thin film solar cells were determined after the gold back contact deposition. We report a best working device
with a power conversion efficiency of 1.51 %.
Triple-Junction CPV Cells: Luminescent Coupling in a Wide Temperature Range
Creators: name: Rumyantsev, V.D.
name: Chekalin, A.V.
name: Larionov, V.R.
name: Malevskiy, D.A.
name: Pokrovskiy, P.V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: SOLAR CELLS / ASSEMBLIES / MODULES FOR TERRESTRIAL CONCENTRATOR SYSTEMS AND FOR SPACE SOLAR GENERATORS
III-V-based Multi-junction Solar Cells, Concentrator Solar Cells and Space Solar Cells

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1414-1417
description: Triple-junction InGaP/GaInAs/Ge cells are characterized by intensive electroluminescence (EL)
arising in both top and middle subcells under forward-bias conditions. The same conditions occur in these cells
under solar illumination, in particular, in the mode of the maximum output power. This work is devoted to
evaluation of the process of power transfer from wider- to lower-gap subcells and accurate records of the external
quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra. For the first time, corresponding investigations were carried out in a wide
temperature range from +70ºС up to -197ºС. Inasmuch as luminescence efficiency increases with decrease of
temperature, the luminescent coupling is more evident at lower temperatures, so that their behavior at higher
temperatures may be treated with a better certainty. Applicability of the early described correction method to
eliminate luminescent coupling effect (artifact) at EQE records for the Ge-based bottom cells has been proved.
Vinogradov's three primes theorem with almost twin primes
Creators: name: Matomäki, Kaisa
name: Shao, Xuancheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11P32, 11P55, 11N35

description: In this paper we prove two results concerning Vinogradov's three primes theorem with primes that can be called almost twin primes. First, for any $m$, every sufficiently large odd integer $N$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_1, p_2$ and $p_3$ such that, for each $i \in \{1,2,3\}$, the interval $[p_i, p_i + H]$ contains at least $m$ primes, for some $H = H(m)$. Second, every sufficiently large integer $N \equiv 3 \pmod{6}$ can be written as a sum of three primes $p_1, p_2$ and $p_3$ such that, for each $i \in \{1,2,3\}$, $p_i + 2$ has at most two prime factors.
description: 41 pages
Structural, Optical, Properties of CZTS Layers Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis Technique
Creators: name: Tala-Ighil, R.
name: Haouanoh, D.
name: Toubane, M.
name: Bensouici, F.
name: Samantilleke, A.P.
name: Slimani, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Silicon-based Thin Film and Silicon-Heterojunction Solar Cells and Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1327-1329
description: Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) layers represent a real alternative to classical absorber layers in solar cells. In this
work, CZTS thin films have been deposited by spray pyrolysis technique, onto glass substrates heated at 300°C. In
aqueous chemical mixture based on (CuCl2, 2H2O:0.01M), (C4H6O4Zn.2H2O:0.005M), (SnCl2.H2O:0.005M) and (CS
(NH2)2:0.04M) and dissolved into methanol, the distance between nozzle substrate has been studied and the thermal,
structural and optical properties were investigated. The obtained data from the thermal analysis ATD_ATG allowed
to us to verify that the crystallization temperature for CZTS films occurs at 346°C.While X-ray diffraction spectra
confirm the CZTS kesterite structure, with grain sizes equal to 17.5 nm, 35.9 nm and 74.5 nm corresponding to
distances nozzle-substrates of 30 cm, 40 cm and 50 cm respectively. Finally the transmission spectra show that the
films (CZTS) are translucent (44.3 to 69.9%), the energy gap calculation from the optical data leads to CZTS Eg
between 1.35 eV and 2.10 eV.
Spatial-Sensitive Feature of DLTS and Application in CdS/CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ding, Y.M.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Misra, D.
name: Delahoy, A.E.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
name: Cao, X.
name: Peng, S.
name: Chin, K.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells and Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1378-1383
description: This work investigates defects level in CdTe bulk by deep level transient spectrum (DLTS) method
with different voltage offset/pulse pairs, in order to know the defect distribution using the spatial-sensitive feature of
the DLTS technique. To explain the results, change of occupation probability as a function of the space and energy
level in band gap is simulated under different voltage offset/pulse pair conditions. Since PN junction steady state is
determined by both electron and hole carriers, quasi-Fermi levels were considered to get the occupation probability
and the calculated result is significantly different from the result using only the Fermi level of the majority carriers.
DLTS results of the solar cell with Cu diffused from the back contact showed one electron trap with energy level EE1
= 0.47 eV, and two hole traps with energy levels EH1 = 0.17 eV, EH2 = 0.27 eV respectively. Overlap phenomenon of
the capacitance spectrum of hole and electron traps were explained. Apart from the standard DLTS result, we found
some evidences to show that DLTS measurement may have a spatial sensitivity.
Spectral splits of neutrinos as a BCS-BEC crossover type phenomenon
Creators: name: Pehlivan, Y.
name: Subaşı, A. L.
name: Ghazanfari, N.
name: Birol, S.
name: Yüksel, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the spectral split of a neutrino ensemble which initially consists of electron type neutrinos, is analogous to the BCS-BEC crossover already observed in ultra cold atomic gas experiments. Such a neutrino ensemble mimics the deleptonization burst of a core collapse supernova. Although these two phenomena belong to very different domains of physics, the propagation of neutrinos from highly interacting inner regions of the supernova to the vacuum is reminiscent of the evolution of Cooper pairs between weak and strong interaction regimes during the crossover. The Hamiltonians and the corresponding many-body states undergo very similar transformations if one replaces the pair quasispin of the latter with the neutrino isospin of the former.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Effects of Electrode Distance and Target Angles on Elemental Concentrations and Film Properties of Al-Doped ZnO Films Prepared by Magnetron Co-Sputtering
Creators: name: Gorgulla, A.
name: Hagedorn, K.
name: Hahn, G.
name: Terheiden, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Silicon-based Thin Film and Silicon-Heterojunction Solar Cells and Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1310-1314
description: We investigate the effects of Al and Zn target angles and electrode distance on the elemental
concentrations, as well as on the electrical, optical and structural properties of Al doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) films
prepared by RF magnetron co-sputtering. To obtain the Al and Zn concentrations, inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is used. With increasing Zn target angle from 8 to 24° (0° corresponds to target plane
parallel to substrate surface) electrical resistivity is reduced by over three orders of magnitude, and an increase of Al
target angle from 0 to 24° allows a reduction by a factor of 7. As a result, resistivities below 2·10-3cm are obtained.
This decrease of resistivities is a consequence of improved crystallinity and lower defect density, leading to increased
charge carrier density and mobility. In addition, the increase of Al target angle allows increasing the average
transmission within the VIS range (400-800 nm) from 49 to 79%. Optimizing Al and Zn target angles therefore allows
significant improvement of the electrical and optical film properties.
A computational scheme to evaluate Hamaker constants of molecules with practical size and anisotropy
Creators: name: Hongo, Kenta
name: Maezono, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a computational scheme to evaluate Hamaker constants, $A$, of molecules with practical sizes and anisotropies. Upon the increasing feasibility of diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) methods to evaluate binding curves for such molecules to extract the constants, we discussed how to treat the averaging over anisotropy and how to correct the bias due to the non-additivity. We have developed a computational procedure for dealing with the anisotropy and reducing statistical errors and biases in DMC valuations, based on possible validations on predicted $A$. We applied the scheme to cyclohexasilane molecule, Si$_6$H$_{12}$, used in 'printed electronics' fabrications, getting $A \sim 105 \pm 2$ [zJ], being in plausible range supported even by other possible extrapolations. The scheme provided here would open a way to use handy {\it ab initio} evaluations to predict wettabilities as in the form of materials informatics over broader molecules.
description: The manuscript was revised according to review comments
Passive Communication with Ambient Light
Creators: name: Wang, Qing
name: Zuniga, Marco
name: Giustiniano, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1

description: In this work, we propose a new communication system for illuminated areas, indoors and outdoors. Light sources in our environments -such as light bulbs or even the sun- are our signal emitters, but we do not modulate data at the light source. We instead propose that the environment itself modulates the ambient light signals: if mobile elements 'wear' patterns consisting of distinctive reflecting surfaces, single photodiode could decode the disturbed light signals to read passive information. Achieving this vision requires a deep understanding of a new type of communication channel. Many parameters can affect the performance of passive communication based on visible light: the size of reflective surfaces, the surrounding light intensity, the speed of mobile objects, the field-of-view of the receiver, to name a few. In this paper, we present our vision for a passive communication channel with visible light, the design challenges and the evaluation of an outdoor application where our receiver decodes information from a car moving at 18 km/h.
description: 8 pages, 17 figures in ACM CoNEXT 2016 (Best Paper Runner-Up)
Influence of jets and decays of resonances on the triangular flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Crkovska, J.
name: Bielcik, J.
name: Bravina, L.
name: Johansson, B. H. Brusheim
name: Zabrodin, E.
name: Eyyubova, G.
name: Korotkikh, V. L.
name: Lokhtin, I. P.
name: Malinina, L. V.
name: Petrushanko, S. V.
name: Snigirev, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Triangular flow $v_3$ of identified and inclusive particles in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV is studied as a function of centrality and transverse momentum within the \textsc{hydjet++} model. The model enables one to investigate the influence of both hard processes and final-state interactions on the harmonics of particle anisotropic flow. Decays of resonances are found to increase the magnitude of the $v_3(p_{\rm T})$ distributions at $p_{\rm T} \geq 2$ GeV/$c$ and shift their maxima to higher transverse momenta. The $p_{\rm T}$-integrated triangular flow, however, becomes slightly weakened for all centralities studied. The resonance decays also modify the spectra towards the number-of-constituent-quark scaling fulfillment for the triangular flow, whereas jets are the main source of the scaling violation at the energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Comparison with the corresponding spectra of elliptic flow reveals that resonance decays and jets act in a similar manner on both $v_3(p_{\rm T})$ and $v_2(p_{\rm T})$ behavior. Obtained results are also confronted with the experimental data on differential triangular flow of identified hadrons, ratio $v_3^{1/3}(p_{\rm T}) / v_2^{1/2}(p_{\rm T})$ and $p_{\rm T}$-integrated triangular flow of charged hadrons.
description: revised version
Runge-Kutta convolution quadrature and FEM-BEM coupling for the time dependent linear Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Melenk, Jens Markus
name: Rieder, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M38, 65M12, 65R20, 65M60

description: We propose a numerical scheme to solve the time dependent linear Schrödinger equation. The discretization is carried out by combining a Runge-Kutta time-stepping scheme with a finite element discretization in space. Since the Schrödinger equation is posed on the whole space $\R^d$ we combine the interior finite element discretization with a convolution quadrature based boundary element discretization. In this paper we analyze the resulting fully discrete scheme in terms of stability and convergence rate. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical findings.
Optimization of Plasmonic Back Reflectors for Ultra-Thin Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Chang, Y.
name: Payne, D.N.R.
name: Pollard, M.E.
name: Bagnall, D.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES
Silicon-based Thin Film and Silicon-Heterojunction Solar Cells and Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1321-1326
description: The optimization of a plasmonic nanoparticle based back-reflector is presented with a view to
increasing absorption in thin silicon device technologies through light-trapping. The study primarily explores the
potential of such arrays for ultra-thin crystalline silicon solar cells, using finite difference time domain (FDTD)
simulations to efficiently probe the parameter space for back-reflector design. Microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) is
initially used as a test-bed material allowing for experimental validation of FDTD results. The results highlight the
need to model the full optical device structure rather than simply optimizing the plasmonic effects of nanoparticles in
a homogeneous medium or at an interface. We systematically analyzed the parameter space of a model for the
absorption in complete ultra-thin crystalline silicon devices incorporating plasmonic nanoparticle arrays as backreflectors.
The ability to design nanoparticle arrays with specific angular and spectral scattering behavior is
demonstrated, with optimized designs showing a significant enhancement over planar alternatives.
Lyapunov exponents of partially hyperbolic volume-preserving maps with 2-dimensional center bundle
Creators: name: Liang, Chao
name: Marin, Karina
name: Yang, Jiagang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the set of partially hyperbolic symplectic diffeomorphisms which are accessible, have 2-dimensional center bundle and satisfy some pinching and bunching conditions. In this set, we prove that the non-uniformly hyperbolic maps are $C^r$ open and there exists a $C^r$ open and dense subset of continuity points for the center Lyapunov exponents. We also generalize these results to volume-preserving systems.
description: Final version. Published online on Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincar\'e, Analyse non lin\'eaire
Die Bibliotheken freikirchlicher theologischer Seminare in der SBZ/DDR 1945 - 1990
Creators: name: Duhr, Stefan
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät I
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Bibliothek
subject: Bibliotheksgeschichte
subject: Deutschland
subject: Freikirche
subject: Theologische Hochschule
subject: Theologisches Seminar
subject: Bestandsaufbau
subject: Library
subject: Germany
subject: Free Church
subject: Theological University
subject: Theological Seminary
subject: Library history
subject: Collection building
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung freikirchlicher theologischer Seminarbibliotheken in der SBZ/DDR (1945-1990). Das Augenmerk liegt dabei auf den theologischen Seminaren Friedensau und Buckow, wobei im ersten Teil der Arbeit kurz auf deren Vorgeschichte eingegan-gen wird. Der Hauptaspekt im zweiten Teil der Arbeit liegt auf dem Bezug von Literatur in der DDR-Zeit. Es erfolgt eine Untersuchung der Bibliotheksbestände und der erhaltenen Verwal-tungsunterlagen. Diese werden mit dem begrenzten DDR-Buchmarkt in Bezug gesetzt. So wird festgestellt, dass beide Bibliotheken ihren Bedarf an theologischer Fachliteratur nur durch den Bezug aus dem kapitalistischen Ausland decken konnten. Infolgedessen werden die verschiede-nen Wege des Literaturbezugs aufgezeigt. Es erfolgt eine Gliederung in legale, bedingt legale und illegale Bezugsquellen. Abschließend wird festgestellt, dass durch diese Bezugsquellen der Bedarf an Fachliteratur zum großen Teil gedeckt werden konnte.
description: The topic of this study is the development of the theological libraries for seminaries of the Free Churches in the SOZ/GDR. The main thoughts are aimed at the theological seminaries in Frie-densau and Buckow. Part I describes briefly both libraries'' antecedent history, while the main consideration of part II lies in the various ways these libraries were supplied with necessary lit-erature. The libraries'' stock and the preserved records of administration are also examined. Both are referred to in the GDR''s limited book market. The result of this study shows that both librar-ies would not have been able to cover their needs of ecclesiastical literature without the supply from capitalistic foreign countries. That is why it is necessary to show the various ways of get-ting literature. This survey is divided into legal, conditional legal and illegal sources of supply. In conclusion the work points out that the needs of ecclesiastical literature could largely be covered by these sources.
Particle Smoothing for Hidden Diffusion Processes: Adaptive Path Integral Smoother
Creators: name: Ruiz, H. -Ch.
name: Kappen, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Particle smoothing methods are used for inference of stochastic processes based on noisy observations. Typically, the estimation of the marginal posterior distribution given all observations is cumbersome and computational intensive. In this paper, we propose a simple algorithm based on path integral control theory to estimate the smoothing distribution of continuous-time diffusion processes with partial observations. In particular, we use an adaptive importance sampling method to improve the effective sampling size of the posterior over processes given the observations and the reliability of the estimation of the marginals. This is achieved by estimating a feedback controller to sample efficiently from the joint smoothing distributions. We compare the results with estimations obtained from the standard Forward Filter/Backward Simulator for two diffusion processes of different complexity. We show that the proposed method gives more reliable estimations than the standard FFBSi when the smoothing distribution is poorly represented by the filter distribution.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures
Monoidal supercategories
Creators: name: Brundan, Jonathan
name: Ellis, Alexander P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 18D10

description: In the literature, one finds several competing notions for the super (i.e., Z/2-graded) analog of a monoidal category. The goal of this paper is to clarify these definitions and the connections between them. We also discuss in detail the example of the odd Temperley-Lieb supercategory. In a forthcoming article, we will exploit the formalism developed here in order to define super analogs of the Kac-Moody 2-categories of Khovanov-Lauda and Rouquier.
description: 42 pages, sign error in Definition 1.16 fixed
Non-zero $θ_{13}$ and leptonic CP phase with $A_4$ Symmetry
Creators: name: M., Sruthilaya
name: Mohanta, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a model based on $A_4$ symmetry to explain the phenomenon of neutrino mixing. The spontaneous symmetry breaking of $A_4$ symmetry leads to a co-bimaximal mixing matrix at leading order. We consider the effect of higher order corrections in neutrino sector and find that the mixing angles thus obtained, come well within the $3σ$ ranges of their experimental values. We study the implications of this formalism on the other phenomenological observables, such as CP violating phase, Jarlskog invariant and the effective Majorana mass $|M_{ee}|$. We also obtain the branching ratio of the lepton flavour violating decay $μ\rightarrow e γ$ in the context of this model and find that it can be less than its present experimental upper bound.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected
Network effects, compatibility, and adoption of standards
Creators: name: Grajek, Michał
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Netzwerkeffekten
subject: Netzwekkompatibilität
subject: Identifikation
subject: Schätzung
subject: Mobilfunktelekommunikation
subject: ISO 9000
subject: Internationaler Handel
subject: Network Effects
subject: Compatibility
subject: Identification
subject: Estimation
subject: Mobile Telecommunications
subject: International Trade
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: 17 Wirtschaft
subject: QP 450

description: Diese Dissertation stellt ein strukturelles ökonometrisches Modell der Nachfrage mit direkten Netzwerkeffekten vor. Der strukturelle Ansatz ermöglicht es, den Umfang von Netzwerkeffekten and Netwerkkompatibilität zu identifizieren. Nach unserem Wissen ist es das erste Modell, das diese Identifikation im Falle von direkten Netzwerkeffekten ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig ist es der erste Versuch, den Umfang von Netzwerkkompatibilität mit ökonometrischen Methoden zu bestimmen. Das Modell wird dann angewandt, um die Nachfrage von Mobilfunkdienstleistungen, als auch den Zusammenhang zwischen ISO 9000 Normierung und internationalem Handel zu untersuchen. Die Schätzungsergebnisse führen zu interessanten wirtschaftspolitischen Folgerungen.
description: This thesis introduces a structural econometric model of demand exhibiting direct network effects. The structural approach we follow allows us to identify the extent of network effects and compatibility between competing networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that facilitates the identification in the case of direct network effects. At the same time, it is the first attempt to assess the degree of compatibility in an econometric framework. The model is then applied to investigate demand for mobile telecommunications service and the link between adoptions of ISO 9000 standard and international trade. The estimation results allow us to formulate some interesting policy conclusions.
title: Essays on banking in macroeconomics
Creators: name: Yi, Yu
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2023

description: How does bank capital affect the relationship between bank concentration and risk taking? Chapter 1 presents a tractable dynamic model that incorporates heterogeneous financially constrained entrepreneurs and an imperfectly competitive banking sector. When the bank capital ratio exceeds the minimum requirement, reducing bank concentration leads to more risk taking; otherwise, the concentration-risk relationship is ambiguous. To explain the equilibrium characterization, I propose two mechanisms, a net margin mechanism and a risk shifting mechanism, whose direction depends on banks’ optimal decisions regarding loan quantity and the accumulation of excess bank capital. Considering the risk shifting mechanism and the non-binding capital constraint, the model suggests a non-monotonic relationship between bank concentration and loan rate, which is supported by the micro-level evidence in the U.S. The two mechanisms also jointly establish a non-monotonic relationship between bank concentration and allocative efficiency. I discuss how efficiency and stability can be enhanced simultaneously. Chapter 2 streamlines and refines the theoretical framework presented in Chapter 1, with a particular emphasis on efficient allocation. The model demonstrates that an increase in bank concentration leads to an increase in bank capital and potentially a non-binding capital constraint. I use the model to understand how bank concentration affects misallocation through the interaction between bank concentration and bank capital when the financial market is imperfect, which is referred to as the “bank capital channel”. This channel suggests that banks over-accumulate equity capital in terms of allocative efficiency. Chapter 3 presents a general equilibrium model that incorporates the effects of collateral constraints and screening costs. The model reveals that a transitory productivity shock is amplified and prolonged through collateral constraints and a countercyclical average screening cost. This countercyclicality depends on firms’ optimal decision between screened and unscreened capital. Moreover, higher screening costs serve to mitigate amplification while enhancing persistence.