cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
When College Students Start Behind
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Jaggars, Shanna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Education, Higher
Remedial teaching
Underprepared community college students
Underprepared college students
Community colleges
Community college students--Education

description: Almost two thirds of students who enter community colleges every year are judged to be academically not ready to engage in college-level coursework. In order to enroll, these students typically must take one or more “remedial” or “developmental” math or English courses that will not count toward their college degree.

The bulk of the evidence, however, suggests that the $4 billion annual investment in services to help underprepared students is having little positive impact on the success of those students in community colleges. This report for The Century Foundation's College Completion Series reviews that research, describes findings from studies on four types of reforms underway at various colleges, and concludes with the argument that a wholesale redesign of the student experience at community colleges is needed to make a real difference in the outcomes of underprepared students.
Testing post-Newtonian theory with gravitational wave observations
Creators: name: Arun, K. G.
name: Iyer, B. R.
name: Qusailah, M. S. S.
name: Sathyaprakash, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometric Space Antenna (LISA) will observe supermassive black hole binary mergers with amplitude signal-to-noise ratio of several thousands. We investigate the extent to which such observations afford high-precision tests of Einstein's gravity. We show that LISA provides a unique opportunity to probe the non-linear structure of post-Newtonian theory both in the context of general relativity and its alternatives.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Non-orderability of random triangular groups by using random 3CNF formulas
Creators: name: Orlef, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65 (Primary), 20F60 (Secondary)

description: We show that a random group $Γ$ in the triangular binomial model $Γ(n, p)$ is a.a.s. not left-orderable for $p\in(cn^{-2}, n^{-3/2-\varepsilon})$, where $c, \varepsilon$ are any constants satisfying $\varepsilon>0$, ${c>(1/8)\log_{4/3}{2}\approx 0.3012}$. We also prove that if $p\geq (1+\varepsilon)(\log n)n^{-2}$ for any fixed $\varepsilon>0$, then a random $Γ\in Γ(n,p)$ has a.a.s. no non-trivial left-orderable quotients. We proceed by constructing 3CNF formulas, which encode necessary conditions for left-orderability and then proving their unsatisfiability a.a.s.
Hostility is an independent predictor of recurrent coronary heart disease events in men but not women: results from a population based study
Creators: name: Haas, D. C.
name: Chaplin, W. F.
name: Shimbo, Daichi
name: Burg, Matthew M.
name: Pickering, T. G.
name: Davidson, K. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Coronary heart disease--Risk factors
Sex factors in disease
Hostility (Psychology)--Physiological aspects
Epidemiology

description: Epidemiologic evidence suggests healthy individuals characterised by hostile personalities are at increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). We tested if hostility predicts CHD recurrence differentially for men and women.
Numerical solutions to boundary value problem for anomalous diffusion equation with Riesz-Feller fractional operator
Creators: name: Ciesielski, Mariusz
name: Leszczynski, Jacek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we present a numerical solution to an ordinary differential equation of a fractional order in one-dimensional space. The solution to this equation can describe a steady state of the process of anomalous diffusion. The process arises from interactions within complex and non-homogeneous background. We present a numerical method which is based on the finite differences method. We consider a boundary value problem (Dirichlet conditions) for an equation with the Riesz-Feller fractional derivative. In the final part of this paper, same simulation results are shown. We present an example of non-linear temperature profiles in nanotubes which can be approximated by a solution to the fractional differential equation.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals ploidy-dependent and cell-specific transcriptome changes in Arabidopsis female gametophytes
Creators: name: Song, Qingxin
name: Ando, Atsumi
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Ikeda, Yoko
name: Chen, Z. Jeffrey
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures S1–S9.
Additional file 3 of Small extracellular vesicles secreted by human iPSC-derived MSC enhance angiogenesis through inhibiting STAT3-dependent autophagy in ischemic stroke
Creators: name: Xia, Yuguo
name: Ling, Xiaozheng
name: Hu, Guowen
name: Zhu, Qingwei
name: Zhang, Juntao
name: Li, Qing
name: Zhao, Bizeng
name: Wang, Yang
name: Deng, Zhifeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Treatment of iMSC-sEV increases the blood vessel density after ischemic stroke. CD31 immunofluorescence staining was utilized to evaluate blood vessel density 7 days after MCAO. (A) Representative images of CD31 positive endothelial cells and DAPI staining in the peri-infarct area. Scale bar = 400 μm. (B) ROI and quantification of CD31+ blood vessel density. N = 3–5 per group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P<0.05.
A catalog of mid-infrared sources in the Extended Groth Strip
Creators: name: Barmby, P.
name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Ashby, M. L. N.
name: Eisenhardt, P. R. M.
name: Fazio, G. G.
name: Wright, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Extended Groth Strip (EGS) is one of the premier fields for extragalactic deep surveys. Deep observations of the EGS with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on the Spitzer Space Telescope cover an area of 0.38 square degrees to a 50% completeness limit of 1.5 uJy at 3.6 um. The catalog comprises 57434 objects detected at 3.6 um, with 84%, 28%, and 24% also detected at 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 um. Number counts are consistent with results from other Spitzer surveys. Color distributions show that the EGS IRAC sources comprise a mixture of populations: low-redshift star-forming galaxies, quiescent galaxies dominated by stellar emission at a range of redshifts, and high redshift galaxies and AGN.
description: ApJS in press, 35 pages including 13 figures. Catalog and images electronically available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/irac/egs
Intrinsic dephasing in one dimensional ultracold atom interferometers
Creators: name: Bistritzer, Rafi
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase fluctuations play a crucial role in low dimensional systems. In particular they prevent true long range phase order from forming in one dimensional condensates, even at zero temperature. Nevertheless, by dynamically splitting the condensate into two parallel decoupled tubes, a macroscopic relative phase, can be imposed on the system. This kind of setup can serve as a matter wave interferometer, which relies on the interference between the displaced condensates as a measure of the relative phase between them. Here we show how the quantum phase fluctuations, which are so effective in equilibrium, act to destroy the macroscopic relative phase that was imposed as a non equilibrium initial condition of the interferometer. We show that the phase coherence between the two condensates decays exponentially with a dephasing time that depends on intrinsic parameters: the dimensionless interaction strength, sound velocity and density. Interestingly, at low temperatures the dephasing time is almost independent of temperature. At temperatures higher than a crossover scale T* dephasing gains significant temperature dependance. In contrast to the usual phase diffusion, which is essentially an effect of confinement, the dephasing due to fluctuations in one dimension is a bulk effect that survives the thermodynamic limit.
Universal Bounds on Fluctuations in Continuous Thermal Machines
Creators: name: Saryal, Sushant
name: Gerry, Matthew
name: Khait, Ilia
name: Segal, Dvira
name: Agarwalla, Bijay Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bounds on ratios of fluctuations in steady-state time-reversal heat engines controlled by multi affinities. In the linear response regime, we prove that the relative fluctuations (precision) of the output current (power) is always lower-bounded by the relative fluctuations of the input current (heat current absorbed from the hot bath). As a consequence, the ratio between the fluctuations of the output and input currents are bounded both from above and below, where the lower (upper) bound is determined by the square of the averaged efficiency (square of the Carnot efficiency) of the engine. The saturation of the lower bound is achieved in the tight-coupling limit when the determinant of the Onsager response matrix vanishes. Our analysis can be applied to different operational regimes, including engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps. We illustrate our findings in two types of continuous engines: two-terminal coherent thermoelectric junctions and three-terminal quantum absorption refrigerators. Numerical simulations in the far-from-equilibrium regime suggest that these bounds apply more broadly, beyond linear response.
Additional file 2 of Small extracellular vesicles secreted by human iPSC-derived MSC enhance angiogenesis through inhibiting STAT3-dependent autophagy in ischemic stroke
Creators: name: Xia, Yuguo
name: Ling, Xiaozheng
name: Hu, Guowen
name: Zhu, Qingwei
name: Zhang, Juntao
name: Li, Qing
name: Zhao, Bizeng
name: Wang, Yang
name: Deng, Zhifeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. In vivo uptake of iMSC-sEV after stroke. (A) One single dose of vehicle (PBS, 500 μL) or DiR labeled iMSC-sEV (DiR-iMSC-sEV, 1 × 1011 particles in 500 μL PBS) were administered through tail veil injection in rats 4 h after MCAO and images were captured 6 h after administration. Representative fluorescence images of rats brain in the vehicle and DiR-iMSC-sEV group. IL: ipsilateral side. CL: contralateral side. (B-C) Dio labeled iMSC-sEV (Dio-iMSC-sEV) were administered intravenously 24 h after MCAO, and rats were sacrificed 24 h after injection. (B) Illustration of experimental design. (C) Representative images of Dio-iMSC-sEV (green) in the ipsilateral and contralateral side of the brain. Yellow dashed line: outline for blood vessel. Red arrow head: Dio-iMSC-sEV around the nucleus in the cytoplasm. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Using LISA EMRI sources to test off-Kerr deviations in the geometry of massive black holes
Creators: name: Barack, Leor
name: Cutler, Curt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspirals of stellar-mass compact objects into $\sim 10^6 M_{\odot}$ black holes are especially interesting sources of gravitational waves for LISA. We investigate whether the emitted waveforms can be used to strongly constrain the geometry of the central massive object, and in essence check that it corresponds to a Kerr black hole (BH). For a Kerr BH, all multipole moments of the spacetime have a simple, unique relation to $M$ and $S$, the BH's mass and spin; in particular, the spacetime's mass quadrupole moment is given by $Q=- S^2/M$. Here we treat $Q$ as an additional parameter, independent of $M$ and $S$, and ask how well observation can constrain its difference from the Kerr value. This was already estimated by Ryan, but for simplified (circular, equatorial) orbits, and neglecting signal modulations due to the motion of the LISA satellites. Here we consider generic orbits and include these modulations. We use a family of approximate (post-Newtonian) waveforms, which represent the full parameter space of Inspiral sources, and exhibit the main qualitative features of true, general relativistic waveforms. We extend this parameter space to include (in an approximate manner) an arbitrary value of $Q$, and construct the Fisher information matrix for the extended parameter space. By inverting the Fisher matrix we estimate how accurately $Q$ could be extracted from LISA observations. For 1 year of coherent data from the inspiral of a $10 M_{\odot}$ BH into rotating BHs of masses $10^{5.5} M_{\odot}$, $10^6 M_{\odot}$, or $10^{6.5} M_{\odot}$, we find $Δ(Q/M^3) \sim 10^{-4}$, $10^{-3}$, or $10^{-2}$, respectively (assuming total signal-to-noise ratio of 100, typical of the brightest detectable EMRIs). These results depend only weakly on the eccentricity of the orbit or the BH's spin.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Optimization Techniques on Affine Differential Manifolds.pdf
Creators: name: Mayah, Faik
name: ALI S RASHEED
name: AHMED A H AL-JUMAILI
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10303 Optimisation
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In addition to solid ground of Riemannian manifolds fundamentals, this article in- terviews some popular optimization methods on Riemannian manifolds. Several optimization problems can be better stated on manifolds rather than Euclidean space, such as interior point methods, which in turns based on self-concordant functions (logarithmic barrier functions). Op- timization schemes like the steepest descent scheme, the Newton scheme, and others can be ex- tended to Riemannian manifolds. This paper introduces some Riemannian and non-Riemannian schemes on manifolds.
Women's Occupational Health Resource Center News, Volume 3, Number 5
Creators: name: Women's Occupational Health Resource Center
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1981
Subjects: Women employees
Cosmetics--Health aspects
Minority women--Employment
Industrial safety
Public health
Medicine, Industrial

description: Newsletter dated September/October, 1981 produced by the Women’s Occupational Health Resource Center (WOHRC).The WOHRC (1979-1987) was a research and training program devoted to identifying and better understanding hazards faced by women workers. WOHRC was housed in Columbia’s School of Public Health and directed by Professor Jeanne Mager Stellman. WOHRC was a designated OSHA New Directions Training program, and also received support from other federal and private agencies. As a New Directions project, WOHRC trained thousands of workers and professionals in hazard recognition and accident and illness prevention for women workers. In order to carry out its public health programs, WOHRC developed and disseminated original educational materials. The materials were designed to be authoritative while at the same time accessible to non-professional users (e.g. the workers). WOHRC published a monthly newsletter that contained a “fact sheet” focusing on a particular job or a particular hazard. This issue features articles titled "WOHRC Shows Designs for Health and Safety" and ""Does She or Doesn't She?" Questions for Cosmetologists". The fact sheets were also made available individually or collected into “fact packs” of related materials.
Local manufacturing of open source devices for mecdical labs in Africa: The prototyping stage in Cameroon
Creators: name: JAFSIA Elisee
name: MBOA Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: 3D printing; medical labs; 3D design

description: The lack of accessible quality healthcare is one of the biggest problems in Africa and other developing countries. This is not only due to the unavailability of resources, but also to the absence of a structured formative process for the design and management of healthcare facilities. This situation strongly contributes to deepening inequalities in access to quality healthcare. Through an Open Society Foundations funded project, the Mboalab aims to remedy these inequalities by building Open-Source devices for medical labs. Local manufacturing can address the infrastructural barriers that prevent imported or donated equipment from being properly used, and can facilitate the diffusion of innovation into healthcare practice. This project is part of the large MboaLab mission to contribute to the Common good and catalyze sustainable local development through Open Science. Open science is the best and fair approach to support local manufacturing. That is why the crux of our approach is the use of “open source hardware”, where designs for easily replicated, high quality diagnostic tools are shared with the potential to transform medical devices through the use of digital fabrication and inexpensive, well-engineered parts from mass-produced consumer goods. During FOSDEM, we will present the different facets of our project: 1) the set of prototypes of high quality and inexpensive open-source devices we are going to build; 2) the capacity and capability building dimension of the project, enabling the empowerment of young cameroonians; 3) Expectations of the project.
Comparison of the lactate and ventilatory thresholds during prolonged work
Creators: name: Loat, Christopher Eino Russell
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this investigation was to compare the ventilatory threshold (T(vent)) with the lactate threshold (T(lact)) during 60 minutes of steady-state exercise at the calculated thresholds. Eight trained, male cyclists (mean age=23.3 yrs, ht=176.4 cm, wt=70.7 kg, VO₂max=61.02 ml/kg‧minˉ¹) performed a 23 W/min progressive intensity cycling test for determination of T(lact) and T(vent). T(vent) was determined by the non-linear increase in excess CO₂ (ExCO₂) while T(lact) was calculated by the 'individual anaerobic threshold' (IAT) method. Subsequently, subjects performed up to 60 minutes steady-state exercise at the threshold workloads. Results at T(vent) and T(lact) indicate significant differences (p<0.01; T(lact)>T(vent)) between VO₂, ExCO₂, HR, [BLa] and workload as calculated by Hotelling's T²-test. During the steady state exercise at each specified workload, VO₂, [BLa], heart rate and ExCO₂ were measured at 15 minute intervals. All subjects completed the steady-state exercise at T(vent) (VSS) while only 2 subjects completed the steady-state exercise at T(lact) (LSS) (avg time=48.4 min). Comparison of metabolic variables using MANOVA and multiple comparisons revealed significant differences between VSS and LSS for HR and VO₂ at all time intervals, for [BLa] at 30 and 45 minute intervals and for ExCO₂ at the 30 minute interval. Furthermore, examination of [BLa] over time using trend analysis revealed a stabilization during VSS ([formula omitted]=3.05 mmol‧Lˉ¹) whereas [BLa] continuously increased over time during LSS. Findings indicate that T(lact) (IAT method) overestimates the ability to perform prolonged work over 45 min. while T(vent) (ExCO) allows for steady-state exercise greater than 60 minutes.
Extremely large magnetoresistance from electron-hole compensation in the nodal loop semimetal ZrP$_2$
Creators: name: Bannies, J.
name: Razzoli, E.
name: Michiardi, M.
name: Kung, H. -H.
name: Elfimov, I. S.
name: Yao, M.
name: Fedorov, A.
name: Fink, J.
name: Jozwiak, C.
name: Bostwick, A.
name: Rotenberg, E.
name: Damascelli, A.
name: Felser, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several early transition metal dipnictides have been found to host topological semimetal states and exhibit large magnetoresistance. In this study, we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and magneto-transport to study the electronic properties of a new transition metal dipnictide ZrP$_2$. We find that ZrP$_2$ exhibits an extremely large and unsaturated magnetoresistance of up to 40,000 % at 2 K, which originates from an almost perfect electron-hole compensation. Our band structure calculations further show that ZrP$_2$ hosts a topological nodal loop in proximity to the Fermi level. Based on the ARPES measurements, we confirm the results of our calculations and determine the surface band structure. Our study establishes ZrP$_2$ as a new platform to investigate near-perfect electron-hole compensation and its interplay with topological band structures.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review B
The XMM-Newton view of the Crab
Creators: name: Kirsch, M. G. F.
name: Schoenherr, G.
name: Kendziorra, E.
name: Freyberg, M. J.
name: Martin, M.
name: Wilms, J.
name: Mukerjee, K.
name: Breitfellner, M. G.
name: Smith, M. J. S.
name: Staubert, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the current X-ray view of the Crab Nebula and Pulsar, summarising our analysis of observations of the source with the EPIC-pn camera on board the XMM-Newton observatory. Different modes of EPIC-pn were combined in order to yield a complete scenario of the spectral properties of the Crab resolved in space and time (pulse phase). In addition we give a description of the special EPIC-pn Burst mode and guidance for data reduction in that mode. We analysed spectra for the nebula and pulsar separately in the 0.6-12.0 keV energy band. All data were processed with the SAS 6.0.0 XMM-Newton Scientific Analysis System package; models were fitted to the data with XSPEC 11. The high time resolution of EPIC-pn in its Burst mode (7 micros) was used for a phase resolved analysis of the pulsar spectrum, after determination of the period with epoch folding techniques. Data from the Small Window mode were processed and corrected for pile-up allowing for spectroscopy simultaneously resolved in space and time. The spatial variation of the spectrum over the entire region of the Crab shows a gradual spectral softening from the inner pulsar region to the outer nebula region with a variation in photon index, Gamma, from 2.0 to 2.4. Pulse phase resolved spectroscopy of the Crab Pulsar reveals a phase dependent modulation of the photon index in form of a significant hardening of the spectrum in the inter-peak phase from Gamma =1.7 during the pulse peak to Gamma =1.5.
description: 9 pages
Design and experiment of room temperature ferromagnetic resonance
Creators: name: Kim, Yongrak (M. S. In Electrical And Computer Engineering)
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ferromagnetic resonance

description: One of the interests in quantum information processing is hybrid systems that utilize various kinds of quantum systems. Among the options of hybrid systems, magnon-photon coupling through ferromagnetic resonance is an option that is studied. Ferromagnets have internal magnetic moment that will align and precess with the direction of the external magnetic field. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) occurs when RF transverse field at same frequency as the precession frequency gets absorbed to the ferromagnet. This project focuses on building from scratch basic FMR experiment at room temperature. Four different ferromagnetic samples were placed on a custom designed coplanar waveguide (CPW) to be tested at different angles of alignment with respect to static magnetic field inside 76 mm electromagnet and measured. Measurements taken at room temperature indicated that all four samples showed the expected behavior of resonant frequency dependent on the static magnetic field. Lastly, as the project evolves into a low temperature experiment in cryostat, superconducting resonators that are planned for future FMR experiments was simulated to look at strength of RF transverse field. It was found that the field strength was greatest when the center trace of the CPW was thinnest and did not vary with characteristic impedance at the surface of the CPW. This behavior becomes more complex as we look at field strength further away from the surface of the CPW center trace.
Shocks and quark-meson scatterings at large density
Creators: name: Grossi, Eduardo
name: Ihssen, Friederike J.
name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Wink, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the phase structure of the two-flavour quark-meson model including quantum, thermal, density and critical fluctuations with the functional renormalisation group. This study combines two technical advances in the literature, that are also chiefly important for the quantitative access of the phase boundary of QCD at large density or baryon chemical potential. Specifically we allow for the formation and propagation of shocks as well as a fully self-consistent computation of the order parameter potential for chiral symmetry breaking.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
Effects of exercise on stress : a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Van Stavel, Rosemary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Physical exercise is frequently prescribed by clinicians and researchers as an effective stress reduction technique. There has been some research to support this assertion, however the research has been varied in its methodological rigor. The design problems, variations in exercise programs, and the use of a wide range of psychological measures have made results difficult to interpret. Additionally, the psychological benefits and underlying change processes have not been clearly delineated. The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the research in this area in an attempt to answer specific questions regarding the role of exercise in stress reduction. This meta-analytic approach was chosen because it permits the quantitative integration of findings of several studies and consideration of the variables that may influence the variance in study outcomes. The effectiveness of exercise as a treatment for stress, the type of exercise that was most beneficial, and the type of individual who gained the most from the exercise intervention was examined. The 61 effect sizes, which were calculated from 24 studies included in the meta-analysis, were coded along with other variables considered important. Study components such as design type, stress level, type of exercise program, program length, frequency of exercise sessions, attrition rate, psychological measure, composition of sample, gender, and study type were coded as independent variables. Effect size was the dependent variable. Analysis of variance revealed that exercise was an effective stress reducer, stressed people gained a greater stress reduction effect than minimally stressed people, and there were no differences between trait and state anxiety reduction from pre- to post-exercise program. In addition, a one-way ANOVA indicated that there was a significant difference between program lengths. Examination of the means revealed that an 8- to 12-week program was most effective in reducing stress. Although there was a greater effect size for unpublished studies than published studies, the pattern of change for each study type was similar. The significance of these results and recommendations for future studies are discussed.
[California field notebooks]
Creators: name: Anderson, Arthur
name: Fulwider, Minnie
name: Goodwin, Charles
name: Johnson, Lula
name: Lamb, Sydney M.
name: Logan, Frank
name: McCloud, Grover
name: Somersal, Laura
name: Thomas, Cy
name: Wagonner, Willy
name: Yee, Doris
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: yuk
subject: Huchnom language
subject: Yuki language
subject: Miwok language
subject: wao
subject: Wappo language
subject: wiy
subject: Wiyot language
subject: mjd
subject: Konkow language
subject: Northern Yukian language

description: Contains mostly vocabulary.
Opportunities for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Prevention among Persons Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study of Policies and Practices at Four Large Ryan White Program-Funded HIV Clinics
Creators: name: Pascopella, Lisa
name: Franks, Julie C.
name: Marks, Suzanne M.
name: Salcedo, Katya
name: Schmitz, Kjersti
name: Colson, Paul W.
name: Hirsch-Moverman, Yael
name: Flood, Jennifer
name: Sayles, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Health services administration
Tuberculosis
Diagnosis, Laboratory
Public health

description: Objective

We describe the frequency and attributes of tuberculosis testing and treatment at four publicly-funded HIV clinics.

Methods

We abstracted medical records from a random sample of 600 HIV-infected patients having at least one clinic visit in 2009 at four clinics in New York and Los Angeles Metropolitan Statistical areas. We described testing and treatment for tuberculosis infection (TBI), 2008–2010, and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs). We interviewed key informants and described clinic policies and practices.

Results

Of 600 patients, 500 were eligible for testing, and 393 (79%) were tested 2008–2010; 107 (21%) did not receive at least one tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay. Results were positive in 20 (5%) patients, negative in 357 (91%), and unknown in 16 (4%). Fourteen (70%) of 20 patients with TBI initiated treatment at the clinics; only three were documented to have completed treatment. Three hundred twenty three (54%) patients had chest radiography, 346 (58%) had tuberculosis symptom screening, and three had tuberculosis disease (117 per 100,000 person-years, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 101–165). Adjusting for site, non-Hispanic ethnicity (aOR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.6–9.5), and employment (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.0–3.4) were associated with TBI testing; female gender (aOR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–3.3), non-black race (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3–2.5), and unemployment (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1) were associated with chest radiography. Clinics evaluated TBI testing performance annually and identified challenges to TB prevention.

Conclusions

Study clinics routinely tested patients for TBI, but did not always document treatment. In a population with a high TB rate, ensuring treatment of TBI may enhance TB prevention.

Figures
Motor Effort Alters Changes of Mind in Sensorimotor Decision Making
Creators: name: Burk, Diana
name: Ingram, James N.
name: Shadlen, Michael Neil
name: Franklin, David W.
name: Wolpert, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Decision making
subject: Hand
subject: Reaction time
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: After committing to an action, a decision-maker can change their mind to revise the action. Such changes of mind can even occur when the stream of information that led to the action is curtailed at movement onset. This is explained by the time delays in sensory processing and motor planning which lead to a component at the end of the sensory stream that can only be processed after initiation. Such post-initiation processing can explain the pattern of changes of mind by asserting an accumulation of additional evidence to a criterion level, termed change-of-mind bound. Here we test the hypothesis that physical effort associated with the movement required to change one's mind affects the level of the change-of-mind bound and the time for post-initiation deliberation. We varied the effort required to change from one choice target to another in a reaching movement by varying the geometry of the choice targets or by applying a force field between the targets. We show that there is a reduction in the frequency of change of mind when the separation of the choice targets would require a larger excursion of the hand from the initial to the opposite choice. The reduction is best explained by an increase in the evidence required for changes of mind and a reduced time period of integration after the initial decision. Thus the criteria to revise an initial choice is sensitive to energetic costs.
Dangerous implications of a minimum length in quantum gravity
Creators: name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Freese, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a minimum length and a generalization of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle seem to be two fundamental ingredients required in any consistent theory of quantum gravity. In this letter we show that they would predict dangerous processes which are phenomenologically unacceptable. For example, long--lived virtual super--Planck mass black holes may lead to rapid proton decay. Possible solutions of this puzzle are briefly discussed.
description: 5 pages, no figure. v3: refereed version
The structure of the superconducting high-pressure phase of Sc$_3$CoC$_4$
Creators: name: Langmann, Jan
name: Vöst, Marcel
name: Schmitz, Dominik
name: Haas, Christof
name: Eickerling, Georg
name: Jesche, Anton
name: Nicklas, Michael
name: Lanza, Arianna
name: Casati, Nicola
name: Macchi, Piero
name: Scherer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate pressure-induced structural changes to the Peierls-type distorted low-temperature phase of the low-dimensional Sc$_3$CoC$_4$ as a possible origin of its pressure-enhanced superconductivity. By means of cryogenic high-pressure x-ray diffraction experiments we could reveal subtle, but significant structural differences between the low-temperature phase at ambient and elevated pressures. We could thus establish the structure of the superconducting phase of the title compound which interestingly still shows the main features of the Peierls-type distorted low-temperature phase. This indicates that in contrast to other low-dimensional materials a suppression of periodic structural distortions is no prerequisite for superconducitivity in the transition metal carbide.
WOHCR Update: Health in Health Care
Creators: name: Women's Occupational Health Resource Center
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Medical personnel--Health risk assessment
Ethylene oxide--Safety measures
Ethylene oxide--Toxicology
Public health
Medicine, Industrial

description: Fact sheet on health risks in health care produced by the Women’s Occupational Health Resource Center (WOHRC). The WOHRC (1979-1987) was a research and training program devoted to identifying and better understanding hazards faced by women workers. WOHRC was housed in Columbia’s School of Public Health and directed by Professor Jeanne Mager Stellman. WOHRC was a designated OSHA New Directions Training program, and also received support from other federal and private agencies. As a New Directions project, WOHRC trained thousands of workers and professionals in hazard recognition and accident and illness prevention for women workers. In order to carry out its public health programs, WOHRC developed and disseminated original educational materials. The materials were designed to be authoritative while at the same time accessible to non-professional users (e.g. the workers). WOHRC published a monthly newsletter that contained a “fact sheet” focusing on a particular job or a particular hazard. The fact sheets were also made available individually or collected into “fact packs” of related materials.
Comparison of Whole Blood and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression for Evaluation of the Perioperative Inflammatory Response in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure
Creators: name: Bondar, Galyna
name: Cadeiras, Martin
name: Wisniewski, Nicholas
name: Maque, Jetrina
name: Chittoor, Jay
name: Chang, Eleanor
name: Bakir, Maral
name: Starling, Charlotte
name: Shahzad, Khurram
name: Ping, Peipei
name: Reed, Elaine
name: Deng, Mario
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Gene expression
Heart failure--Patients
Immune response
Biology
Medicine

description: Background

Heart failure (HF) prevalence is increasing in the United States. Mechanical Circulatory Support (MCS) therapy is an option for Advanced HF (AdHF) patients. Perioperatively, multiorgan dysfunction (MOD) is linked to the effects of device implantation, augmented by preexisting HF. Early recognition of MOD allows for better diagnosis, treatment, and risk prediction. Gene expression profiling (GEP) was used to evaluate clinical phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) transcriptomes obtained from patients' blood samples. Whole blood (WB) samples are clinically more feasible, but their performance in comparison to PBMC samples has not been determined.

Methods

We collected blood samples from 31 HF patients (57±15 years old) undergoing cardiothoracic surgery and 7 healthy age-matched controls, between 2010 and 2011, at a single institution. WB and PBMC samples were collected at a single timepoint postoperatively (median day 8 postoperatively) (25–75% IQR 7–14 days) and subjected to Illumina single color Human BeadChip HT12 v4 whole genome expression array analysis. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was used to characterize the severity of MOD into low (≤ 4 points), intermediate (5–11), and high (≥ 12) risk categories correlating with GEP.

Results

Results indicate that the direction of change in GEP of individuals with MOD as compared to controls is similar when determined from PBMC versus WB. The main enriched terms by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis included those involved in the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and other stress response related pathways. The data revealed 35 significant GO categories and 26 pathways overlapping between PBMC and WB. Additionally, class prediction using machine learning tools demonstrated that the subset of significant genes shared by PBMC and WB are sufficient to train as a predictor separating the SOFA groups.

Conclusion

GEP analysis of WB has the potential to become a clinical tool for immune-monitoring in patients with MOD.
Using vouchers to privatize an economy: the Czech and Slovak case
Creators: name: Svejnar, Jan
name: Singer, Miroslav
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Subsidies
Privatization
Economics
Business

description: The 1992 Czechoslovak privatization of state property has been widely heralded as one of the most impressive accomplishments in the economic transformation of the formerly communist economies. Before separating into two countries on January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia undertook rapid large-scale privatization of state enterprises. A key element of the process was voucher privatization - the almost free distribution of vouchers to citizens who in turn used the vouchers to bid for shares in state enterprises. The design and implementation of the Czechoslovak voucher scheme has sparked a lively debate among academics and policy-makers in many countries. A small percentage of Russian enterprises has already been privatized through a different voucher scheme and other systems may be introduced in other transforming economies as well. While voucher privatization has an obvious popular appeal, many transitional economies have so far avoided it because of the perceived uncertainty about the process and its outcome. The iterative scheme used in Czechoslovakia is a relatively cumbersome procedure which has never been tried on a large scale before. The non-existence of supporting institutions and the inexperience of the participating citizens and officials also make it hard to assess its feasibility. The results of the 1992 Czechoslovak experiment are the first ones to reveal the behaviour of individual citizens, the investment privatization funds (IPFs) and the government authorities in the process of voucher privatization. As such, they are of significant academic as well as of policy interest.' In this paper we use data on the 1,491 enterprises which participated in the first wave of Czechoslovak voucher privatization to undertake an empirical analysis of (a) the demand of individual voucher holders and the IPFs for enterprise shares in the five rounds of bidding and (b) the price-setting behaviour of the authorities in these rounds. Since the data set contains all the firm-specific as well as more aggregate variables that were publicly available to the bidding individuals and IPFs, we can assess the importance of the various indicators for the bidding behaviour. Similarly, using the data that were available to the authorities, we are able to trace their complex price-setting behaviour and show that it can be very closely approximated by a relatively simple functional form.
Apparatus Design for Measuring of the Strain Dependence of the Seebeck Coefficient of Single Crystals
Creators: name: Qian, Tiema
name: Mutch, Joshua
name: Wu, Lihua
name: Went, Preston
name: Yang, Jihui
name: Chu, Jiun-Haw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the design and construction of an apparatus that measures the Seebeck coefficient of single crystals under in-situ tunable strain at cryogenic temperatures. A home-built three piezostack apparatus applies uni-axial stress to a single crystalline sample and modulates anisotropic strain up to 0.7%. An alternating heater system and cernox sensor thermometry measures the Seebeck coefficient along the uniaxial stress direction. To demonstrate the efficacy of this apparatus, we applied uniaxial stress to detwin single crystals of BaFe2As2 in the orthorhombic phase. The obtained Seebeck coefficient anisotropy is in good agreement with previous measurements using a mechanical clamp.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
The evolution of binary star clusters and the nature of NGC2136/NGC2137
Creators: name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
name: Rusli, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of bound pairs of star clusters by means of direct N-body simulations. Our simulations include mass loss by stellar evolution. The initial conditions are selected to mimic the observed binary star cluster NGC 2136 and NGC 2137 in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Based on the rather old ages ($\sim 100$ Myr), masses, sizes of the two clusters and their projected separation, we conclude that the cluster pair must have been born with an initial separation of 15--20 pc. Clusters with a smaller initial separation tend to merge in $\aplt 60$ Myr due to loss of angular momentum from escaping stars. Clusters with a larger initial separation tend to become even more widely separated due to mass loss from the evolving stellar populations. The early orbital evolution of a binary cluster is governed by mass loss from the evolving stellar population and by loss of angular momentum from escaping stars. Mass loss by stellar winds and supernovae explosions in the first $\sim 30$ Myr causes the binary to expand and the orbit to become eccentric. The initially less massive cluster expands more quickly than the binary separation increases, and is therefore bound to initiate mass transfer to the more massive cluster. This process is quite contrary to stellar binaries in which the more massive star tends to initiate mass transfer. Since mass transfer proceeds on a thermal timescale from the less massive to the more massive cluster, this semi-detached phase is quite stable, even in an eccentric orbit until the orbital separation reaches the gyration radius of the two clusters, at which point both clusters merge to one.
description: submitted to MNRAS
Effect of Polarized Current on the Magnetic State of Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Urazhdin, Sergei
name: Anthony, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide evidence for the effects of spin polarized current on a nanofabricated antiferromagnet incorporated into a spin-valve structure. Signatures of current-induced effects include bipolar steps in differential resistance, current-induced changes of exchange bias correlated with these steps, and deviations from the statistics expected for thermally activated switching of spin valves. We explain our observations by a combination of spin torque exerted on the interfacial antiferromagnetic moments, and electron-magnon scattering in antiferromagnet.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures