cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Graphene Q-switched, tunable fiber laser
Creators: name: Popa, D.
name: Sun, Z.
name: Hasan, T.
name: Torrisi, F.
name: Wang, F.
name: Ferrari, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a wideband-tunable Q-switched fiber laser exploiting a graphene saturable absorber. We get ~2us pulses, tunable between 1522 and 1555nm with up to~40nJ energy. This is a simple and low-cost light source for metrology, environmental sensing and biomedical diagnostics.
(18-Crown-6)potassium(I) diphenylstibate(-1)
Creators: name: Kaas, Marina
name: Friedrich, Ute
name: Korber, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: Red crystals of the title salt, [K(C12H24O6)][Sb(C6H5)2], were obtained by the reaction of SbPh3, KSnBi and 18-crown-6 in liquid ammonia. The asymmetric unit contains one half of a [K(18-crown-6)]+ cation and one half of an SbPh2- anion, with the central element lying on a twofold axis and a centre of inversion, respectively. In the crystal structure, the sequestered potassium cations show weak inter­actions with the [pi]-electrons of the phenyl groups of the SbPh2- anion [shortest K...C distances = 3.190 (2) and 3.441 (2) Å], leading to one-dimensional strands along the crystallographic c axis. These strands are aligned in a pseudo-hexa­gonal packing perpendicular to the ab plane.
Measuring virgin female aggression in the female intruder test (FIT): Effects of oxytocin, estrous cycle, and anxiety.
Creators: name: de Jong, Trynke
name: Beiderbeck, Daniela Ingeborg
name: Neumann, Inga D.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The costs of violence and aggression in our society have stimulated the scientific search for the predictors and causes of aggression. The majority of studies have focused on males, which are considered to be more aggressive than females in most species. However, rates of offensive behavior in girls and young women are considerable and are currently rising in Western society. The extrapolation of scientific results from males to young, non-maternal females is a priori limited, based on the profound sex differences in brain areas and functioning of neurotransmitters involved in aggression. Therefore, we established a paradigm to assess aggressive behavior in young virgin female rats, i.e. the female intruder test (FIT). We found that approximately 40% of un-manipulated adult (10–11 weeks old) female Wistar rats attack an intruder female during the FIT, independent of their estrous phase or that of their intruder. In addition, adolescent (7–8 weeks old) female rats selected for high anxiety behavior (HABs) displayed significantly more aggression than non-selected (NAB) or low-anxiety (LAB) rats. Intracerebroventricular infusion of oxytocin (OXT, 0.1 µg/5 µl) inhibited aggressive behavior in adult NAB and LAB, but not HAB females. Adolescent NAB rats that had been aggressive towards their intruder showed increased pERK immunoreactivity (IR) in the hypothalamic attack area and reduced pERK-IR in OXT neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus compared to non-aggressive NAB rats. Taken together, aggressive behavior in young virgin female rats is partly dependent on trait anxiety, and appears to be under considerable OXT control.
Displacement energy of unit disk cotangent bundles
Creators: name: Irie, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35, 57R17

description: We give an upper bound of a Hamiltonian displacement energy of a unit disk cotangent bundle $D^*M$ in a cotangent bundle $T^*M$, when the base manifold $M$ is an open Riemannian manifold. Our main result is that the displacement energy is not greater than $C r(M)$, where $r(M)$ is the inner radius of $M$, and $C$ is a dimensional constant. As an immediate application, we study symplectic embedding problems of unit disk cotangent bundles. Moreover, combined with results in symplectic geometry, our main result shows the existence of short periodic billiard trajectories and short geodesic loops.
description: Title slightly changed. Close to the version published online in Math Zeit
Modified Dot-Blot Method to Evaluate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Creators: name: Regulatory Catalog
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Modified Dot-Blot Method to Evaluate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is a peer-reviewed method to test the barrier performance of PPE materials against viral surrogate or liquid (artificial blood) penetration. The physical equipment components needed to execute this method comprise: a Dot-Blot Apparatus (for example, Whatman Schleicher & Schuell Minifold I) modified as described in Appendix A, PPE materials (such as, gowns and drapes) and clinically relevant artificial test soils.
Grappling archaea: ultrastructural analyses of an uncultivated, cold-loving archaeon and its biofilm
Creators: name: Moissl-Eichinger, Christine
name: Perras, Alexandra K.
name: Wanner, Gerhard
name: Klingl, Andreas
name: Mora, Maximilian
name: Auerbach, Anna
name: Heinz, Veronika
name: Probst, Alexander
name: Huber, Harald
name: Rachel, Reinhard
name: Meck, Sandra
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Archaea, Biofilm, ultrastructure, hami, EPS, SEM, TEM, microbial interaction
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Similarly to Bacteria, Archaea are microorganisms that interact with their surrounding environment in a versatile manner. To date, interactions based on cellular structure and surface appendages have mainly been documented using model systems of cultivable archaea under laboratory conditions. Here, we report on the microbial interactions and ultrastructural features of the uncultivated SM1 Euryarchaeon, which is highly dominant in its biotope. Therefore, biofilm samples taken from the Sippenauer Moor, Germany, were investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM; negative staining, thin-sectioning) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to elucidate the fine structures of the microbial cells and the biofilm itself. The biofilm consisted of small archaeal cocci (0.6 µm diameter), arranged in a regular pattern (1.2-2.0 µm distance from cell to cell), whereas each archaeon was connected to 6 other archaea on average. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were limited to the close vicinity of the archaeal cells, and specific cell surface appendages (hami, Moissl et al., 2005) protruded beyond the EPS matrix enabling microbial interaction by cell-cell contacts among the archaea and between archaea and bacteria. All analyzed hami revealed their previously described architecture of nano-grappling hooks and barb-wire basal structures. Considering the archaeal cell walls, the SM1 Euryarchaea exhibited a double-membrane, which has rarely been reported for members of this phylogenetic domain. Based on these findings, the current generalized picture on archaeal cell walls needs to be revisited, as archaeal cell structures are more complex and sophisticated than previously assumed, particularly when looking into the uncultivated majority.
New Quantum Theory of Laser Cooling Mechanisms
Creators: name: Wu, Xiang-Yao
name: Zhang, Bai-Jun
name: Liu, Jing-Hai Yang Xiao-Jing
name: Wu, Yi-Heng
name: Wang, Qing-Cai
name: Wang, Yan
name: Ba, Nuo
name: Wang, Guang-Huai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the laser cooling mechanisms with a new quantum theory approach by applying a new Schrodinger equation, which can describe a particle in conservative and non-conservative force field. With the new theory, we prove the atom in laser field can be cooled, and give the atom cooling temperature, which is accordance with experiment result. Otherwise, we give new prediction that the atom cooling temperature is directly proportional to the atom vibration frequency. By calculation, we find they are: $T=0.4334ω$.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:physics/0601097, arXiv:0710.5078, arXiv:0707.2280 by other authors without attribution
Arbeitsplan 2025 der Taskforce Governance and Sustainability (TFGS) - Schritte zur Weiterentwicklung unserer NFDI
Creators: name: Ferenz, Stephan
name: Miller, Bernhard
name: Busse, Christian
name: Demandt, Évariste
name: Eberl, Franziska
name: Ebert, Barbara
name: Fluck, Juliane
name: Förstner, Konrad U.
name: Goedicke, Michael
name: Hennig, Christine
name: Jagusch, Gerald Wolfgang
name: Jansen, Lukas
name: Keller, Christin
name: Krieger, Ulrich
name: Rettberg, Najla
name: Schrade, Torsten
name: Seegert, Jörg
name: von Suchodoletz, Dirk
name: Trippel, Thorsten
name: Weidtkamp-Peters, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Die Task Force Governance and Sustainability (TFGS) ist eine konsortienübergreifende Arbeitsgruppe im Verein Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur (NFDI), die zusammen mit dem Direktorat grundlegende Rahmenbedingungen zu Querschnittsthemen für die langfristige Organisation von NFDI bearbeitet.  In dem Papier legt die TFGS ihren Arbeitsplan für das Jahr 2025 basierend auf den aktuellen Diskussionen in der NFDI vor.
The Half-Metallicity of Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons with Asymmetric Edge Terminations
Creators: name: Li, Zuanyi
name: Huang, Bing
name: Duan, Wenhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-polarized electronic structure and half-metallicity of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) with asymmetric edge terminations are investigated by using first principles calculations. It is found that compared with symmetric hydrogen-terminated counterparts, such ZGNRs maintain a spin-polarized ground state with the anti-ferromagnetic configuration at opposite edges, but their energy bands are no longer spin degenerate. In particular, the energy gap of one spin orientation decreases remarkably. Consequently, the ground state of such ZGNRs is very close to half-metallic state, and thus a smaller critical electric field is required for the systems to achieve the half-metallic state. Moreover, two kinds of studied ZGNRs present massless Dirac-fermion band structure when they behave like half-metals.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Complete resummation of chirally-enhanced loop-effects in the MSSM with non-minimal sources of flavor-violation
Creators: name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Hofer, Lars
name: Rosiek, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we present the complete resummation of the leading chirally-enhanced corrections stemming from gluino-squark, chargino-sfermion and neutralino-sfermion loops in the MSSM with non-minimal sources of flavor-violation. We compute the finite renormalization of fermion masses and the CKM matrix induced by chirality-flipping self-energies. In the decoupling limit Msusy>>v, which is an excellent approximation to the full theory, we give analytic results for the effective gaugino(higgsino)-fermion-sfermion and the Higgs-fermion-fermion vertices. Using these vertices as effective Feynman rules, all leading chirally-enhanced corrections can consistently be included into perturbative calculations of Feynman amplitudes. We also give a generalized parametrization for the bare CKM matrix which extends the classic Wolfenstein parametrization to the case of complex parameters lambda and A.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures; typos corrected
Scenographic encounters : using cognitive theories to explore audience embodiment of performance spaces
Creators: name: Ferguson, Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Neuroscience, philosophies of embodied cognition, architecture theory, performance theories of perceptual oscillation, and other relevant theories are used to analyze how artists create affective scenographic environments, and how attendants (spectators) embody these environments. Attendant perception of a performance environment, according to these theories, can be characterized as action-oriented embodied cognition — an attendant perceives through physical action, including action on a neural level. Theories of embodied cognition are applied to case studies — theatre performances — that include examples from the author’s work as a performance-maker and from the work of Socìetas Rafaello Sanzio, a company that has been instructive to the author’s understanding of the encounter between self and scenography. Theories of neural mapping, neural reuse, James J. Gibson’s theory of surface perception, metaphor theory, conceptual blending, the concept of haptic visual perception, and the physics of auditory perception are employed, in combination with detailed examples from the performances, to explain how an attendant somatically makes-sense-of/cognizes that which is encountered. Some common configurations from the history of Western scenography are discussed in order to further elucidate how and why an attendant might use existing cultural and personal image schemas to find meaning in the spatial arrangement of a given performance design. In addition, the performances examined, all of which encourage perceptual instability for the attendant, necessitate rethinking the notion of cognition in performance — not-knowing is as valuable a state as knowing. To this end the theory of neural reuse and philosophies regarding self-and-other, where other is extended to include nonhuman materialities, are employed in a later chapter to argue for the importance of non-cognition, a state of prolonged unknowing that allows for new perceptual insights. Each case study concludes with a set of dramaturgical questions intended to have practical use for performance makers and dramaturges, and analytical use for scholars.
Terbium(III)-cholate functionalized vesicles as luminescent indicators for the enzymatic conversion of dihydroxynaphthalene diesters
Creators: name: Balk, Stefan
name: Maitra, Uday
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemie

description: The phosphorescence intensity of unilamellar DOPC vesicles with embedded Tb(3+)-cholate complexes depends on the concentration of dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) as sensitizer in solution. This was used to monitor the enzymatic conversion of DHN esters or DHN glucosides by enzymes in aqueous buffered solution.
description: Open-Access-Komponente aus der Allianzlizenz
Modular networks of word correlations on Twitter
Creators: name: Mathiesen, Joachim
name: Yde, Pernilly
name: Jensen, Mogens H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex networks are important tools for analyzing the information flow in many aspects of nature and human society. Using data from the microblogging service Twitter, we study networks of correlations in the appearance of words from three different categories, international brands, nouns and US major cities. We create networks where the strength of links is determined by a similarity measure based on the rate of coappearance of words. In comparison with the null model, where words are assumed to be uncorrelated, the heavy-tailed distribution of pair correlations is shown to be a consequence of modules of words representing similar entities.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The Hamilton-Waterloo problem for Hamilton cycles and C4k-factors
Creators: name: Lei, Hongchuan
name: Fu, Hung-lin
name: Shen, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C70

description: In this paper we give a complete solution to the Hamilton-Waterloo problem for the case of Hamilton cycles and C4k-factors for all positive integers k.
To Report Or Not To Report: The Effect of Female State Political Representation on Reported Domestic Violence in India
Creators: name: Neeck, Ananiya
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: This thesis analyzes the impact of female state political representation in India on reported domestic violence to assess whether female politicians in high-level positions change if women report domestic violence. While existing literature examines the effects of various levels of female political representation on development and policy outcomes, this paper uses a mixed-methods approach to assess whether female state political representation changes reporting behaviors of domestic violence survivors. Data on reported crimes against women and state legislative assembly elections in India between 1986 and 1998 are used to conduct ordinary least squares regressions to examine the causal effect of increasing female state political representation. Interviews with three researchers and a non-profit provide a broader understanding of the mechanisms behind the potential relationship between female state political representation and reported domestic violence. Overall, this paper finds no evidence that female state politicians affect reported domestic violence against women. Rather female-led grassroots efforts may be more effective in improving reported domestic violence. It concludes that the Indian national government must address its poor data collection on domestic violence and the inaccessibility of support for domestic violence survivors. Moreover, state governments must facilitate women’s community groups to tackle barriers hindering successful collective action against domestic violence.
VICTRE: In Silico Breast Imaging Pipeline
Creators: name: Regulatory Catalog
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Virtual Imaging Clinical Trials for Regulatory Evaluation (VICTRE) computer modeling pipeline, as originally described in publications, is a set of tools that allow for the generation of in silico breast radiographic images for the evaluation of digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) devices.
Direct determination of spin–orbit interaction coefficients and realization of the persistent spin helix symmetry
Creators: name: Sasaki, Atsuya
name: Nonaka, S.
name: Kunihashi, Y.
name: Kohda, M.
name: Bauernfeind, Tobias
name: Dollinger, Tobias
name: Richter, Klaus
name: Nitta, Junsak
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: The spin–orbit interaction plays a crucial role in diverse fields of condensed matter, including the investigation of Majorana fermions, topological insulators, quantum information and spintronics. In III–V zinc-blende semiconductor heterostructures, two types of spin–orbit interaction—Rashba and Dresselhaus—act on the electron spin as effective magnetic fields with different directions. They are characterized by coefficients α and β, respectively. When α is equal to β, the so-called persistent spin helix symmetry is realized. In this condition, invariance with respect to spin rotations is achieved even in the presence of the spin–orbit interaction, implying strongly enhanced spin lifetimes for spatially periodic spin modes. Existing methods to evaluate α/β require fitting analyses that often include ambiguity in the parameters used. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a simple and fitting parameter-free technique to determine α/β and to deduce the absolute values of α and β. The method is based on the detection of the effective magnetic field direction and the strength induced by the two spin–orbit interactions. Moreover, we observe the persistent spin helix symmetry by gate tuning.
description: advance online publication
On the Separation of Lossy Source-Network Coding and Channel Coding in Wireline Networks
Creators: name: Jalali, Shirin
name: Effros, Michelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proves the separation between source-network coding and channel coding in networks of noisy, discrete, memoryless channels. We show that the set of achievable distortion matrices in delivering a family of dependent sources across such a network equals the set of achievable distortion matrices for delivering the same sources across a distinct network which is built by replacing each channel by a noiseless, point-to-point bit-pipe of the corresponding capacity. Thus a code that applies source-network coding across links that are made almost lossless through the application of independent channel coding across each link asymptotically achieves the optimal performance across the network as a whole.
description: 5 pages, to appear in the proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)
The Role of Sexual Selection in the Evolution of Chemical Signals in Insects
Creators: name: Steiger, Sandra
name: Stöckl, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: sexual selection; mate choice; pheromone; communication; chemical signal
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Chemical communication is the most ancient and widespread form of communication. Yet we are only beginning to grasp the complexity of chemical signals and the role they play in sexual selection. Focusing on insects, we review here the recent progress in the field of olfactory-based sexual selection. We will show that there is mounting empirical evidence that sexual selection affects the evolution of chemical traits, but form and strength of selection differ between species. Studies indicate that some chemical signals are expressed in relation to an individual’s condition and depend, for example, on age, immunocompetence, fertility, body size or degree of inbreeding. Males or females might benefit by choosing based on those traits, gaining resources or “good genes”. Other chemical traits appear to reliably reflect an individual’s underlying genotype and are suitable to choose a mating partner that matches best the own genotype.
Going through the 'roof' : spatial price diffusion and the ripple effect in the Vancouver housing market
Creators: name: Grigoryeva, Idaliya
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The housing market in Vancouver is the most unaffordable in North America. Although extensive research has been done on price drivers and general trends, there is little understanding of how the price increases spread out through Metro Vancouver. To better understand the spatial spread effects in the local housing market, this study quantitatively examines spatio-temporal price diffusion by mapping price changes for detached houses over the last decade across the metropolitan area. Using median selling prices for single-family homes, additional measures of volatility and cycles of price peaks and troughs are constructed to identify spatial price diffusion patterns. Volatility and break-point analysis is supported by cross-correlation estimates of interconnectedness between non-central price dynamics and the price changes in the metropolitan center, where new price impulses arrive. Finally, multiple linear regressions for price changes in both central and non-central regions are estimated in several specifications: individual equations by municipality and a joint panel data equation for 15 non-central municipalities. Both specifications, as well as estimation methods (OLS and fixed effects), indicate the presence of a ripple effect from the highest-priced central regions (Vancouver West and West Vancouver) to the peripheral suburban regions up to Abbotsford and Mission in the Fraser Valley with the result being robust for both monthly and quarterly data. The ripple effect is observed across contiguous and non-contiguous areas making the entire Greater Vancouver area susceptible to price shocks that occur at the center.
On logarithmic extensions of local scale-invariance
Creators: name: Henkel, Malte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ageing phenomena far from equilibrium naturally present dynamical scaling and in many situations this may generalised to local scale-invariance. Generically, the absence of time-translation-invariance implies that each scaling operator is characterised by two independent scaling dimensions. Building on analogies with logarithmic conformal invariance and logarithmic Schrödinger-invariance, this work proposes a logarithmic extension of local scale-invariance, without time-translation-invariance. Carrying this out requires in general to replace both scaling dimensions of each scaling operator by Jordan cells. Co-variant two-point functions are derived for the most simple case of a two-dimensional logarithmic extension. Their form is compared to simulational data for autoresponse functions in several universality classes of non-equilibrium ageing phenomena.
description: 23 pages, Latex2e, 2 eps figures included, final form (now also includes discussion of KPZ equation)
Behavioral Plasticity in Ant Queens: Environmental Manipulation Induces
Creators: name: Trettin, Jürgen
name: Seyferth, Thomas
name: Heinze, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The behavioral traits that shape the structure of animal societies vary considerably among species but appear to be less flexible within species or at least within populations. Populations of the ant Leptothorax acervorum differ in how queens interact with other queens. Nestmate queens from extended, homogeneous habitats tolerate each other and contribute quite equally to the offspring of the colony (polygyny: low reproductive skew). In contrast, nestmate queens from patchy habitats establish social hierarchies by biting and antennal boxing, and eventually only the top-ranking queen of the colony lays eggs (functional monogyny: high reproductive skew). Here we investigate whether queen-queen behavior is fixed within populations or whether aggression and high skew can be elicited by manipulation of socio-environmental factors in colonies from low skew populations. An increase of queen/worker ratio and to a lesser extent food limitation elicited queen-queen antagonism in polygynous colonies from Nürnberger Reichswald similar to that underlying social and reproductive hierarchies in high-skew populations from Spain, Japan, and Alaska. In manipulated colonies, queens differed more in ovarian status than in control colonies. This indicates that queens are in principle capable of adapting the magnitude of reproductive skew to environmental changes in behavioral rather than evolutionary time.
Gröbner-Shirshov bases for $L$-algebras
Creators: name: Bokut, L. A.
name: Chen, Yuqun
name: Huang, Jiapeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16S15, 13P10, 16W99, 17D99

description: In this paper, we firstly establish Composition-Diamond lemma for $Ω$-algebras. We give a Gröbner-Shirshov basis of the free $L$-algebra as a quotient algebra of a free $Ω$-algebra, and then the normal form of the free $L$-algebra is obtained. We secondly establish Composition-Diamond lemma for $L$-algebras. As applications, we give Gröbner-Shirshov bases of the free dialgebra and the free product of two $L$-algebras, and then we show four embedding theorems of $L$-algebras: 1) Every countably generated $L$-algebra can be embedded into a two-generated $L$-algebra. 2) Every $L$-algebra can be embedded into a simple $L$-algebra. 3) Every countably generated $L$-algebra over a countable field can be embedded into a simple two-generated $L$-algebra. 4) Three arbitrary $L$-algebras $A$, $B$, $C$ over a field $k$ can be embedded into a simple $L$-algebra generated by $B$ and $C$ if $|k|\leq \dim(B*C)$ and $|A|\leq|B*C|$, where $B*C$ is the free product of $B$ and $C$.
description: 22 pages
Stimulating Community Investment: A Preliminary Evaluation of Opportunity Zones in the City of Chicago
Creators: name: Nagpal, Aaryav
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 included a special provision creating the Opportunity Zone program. Opportunity Zones are designated low-income census tracts that were designated to encourage investment in underinvested and overlooked community areas. The program offers a reduction in tax liabilities for capital gains. This paper uses a difference-in-difference model to offer a preliminary evaluation of the effects of the Opportunity Zone program on small business lending. I utilize tract level small business loan originations from the reporting requirements of the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 to estimate the causal effects of the program. Small business lending trends in Opportunity Zone designated tracts are compared to the trends in low-income tracts that were eligible but unselected for the program using the difference-in-difference model. The results from the model demonstrate modest, but statistically insignificant, negative effects of the Opportunity Zone designation on lending for small businesses. The largely null results from this paper suggest that there may not be a clear relationship between OZ designation and small business lending, but more projects with longer time horizons and/or different socioeconomic metrics could conclude other findings.
Drosophila FoxP Mutants Are Deficient in Operant Self-Learning
Creators: name: Mendoza, Ezequiel
name: Colomb, Julien
name: Raybak, Jürgen
name: Pflügler, Hans-Joachim
name: Zars, Troy
name: Scharff, Constance
name: Brembs, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Intact function of the Forkhead Box P2 (FOXP2) gene is necessary for normal development of speech and language. This important role has recently been extended, first to other forms of vocal learning in animals and then also to other forms of motor learning. The homology in structure and in function among the FoxP gene members raises the possibility that the ancestral FoxP gene may have evolved as a crucial component of the neural circuitry mediating motor learning. Here we report that genetic manipulations of the single Drosophila orthologue, dFoxP, disrupt operant self-learning, a form of motor learning sharing several conceptually analogous features with language acquisition. Structural alterations of the dFoxP locus uncovered the role of dFoxP in operant self-learning and habit formation, as well as the dispensability of dFoxP for operant world-learning, in which no motor learning occurs. These manipulations also led to subtle alterations in the brain anatomy, including a reduced volume of the optic glomeruli. RNAi-mediated interference with dFoxP expression levels copied the behavioral phenotype of the mutant flies, even in the absence of mRNA degradation. Our results provide evidence that motor learning and language acquisition share a common ancestral trait still present in extant invertebrates, manifest in operant self-learning. This ‘deep’ homology probably traces back to before the split between vertebrate and invertebrate animals.
Mathematical analysis of the sodium sensitivity of the human histamine H3 receptor
Creators: name: Wittmann, Hans-Joachim
name: Seifert, Roland
name: Strasser, Andrea
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Histamine H3 receptor Na+-sensitivity Mathematical model Molecular dynamics
subject: 615 Pharmazie

description: Purpose It was shown by several experimental studies that some G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are sensitive to sodium ions. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies or the determination of crystal structures of the adenosine A2A or δ-opioid receptor revealed an allosteric Na+ binding pocket near to the highly conserved Asp2.50. Within a previous study, the influence of NaCl concentration onto the steady-state GTPase activity at the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) in presence of the endogenous histamine or the inverse agonist thioperamide was analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to examine and quantify the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R on a molecular level. Methods To achieve this, we developed a set of equations, describing constitutive activity and the different ligand-receptor equilibria in absence or presence of sodium ions. Furthermore, in order to gain a better understanding of the ligand- and Na+-binding to hH3R on molecular level, we performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Results The analysis of the previously determined experimental steady-state GTPase data with the set of equations presented within this study, reveals that thioperamide binds into the orthosteric binding pocket of the hH3R in absence or presence of a Na+ in its allosteric binding site. However, the data suggest that thioperamide binds preferentially into the hH3R in absence of a sodium ion in its allosteric site. These experimental results were supported by MD simulations of thioperamide in the binding pocket of the inactive hH3R. Furthermore, the MD simulations revealed two different binding modes for thioperamide in presence or absence of a Na+ in its allosteric site. Conclusion The mathematical model presented within this study describes the experimental data regarding the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R in an excellent manner. Although the present study is focused onto the Na+-sensitivity of the hH3R, the resulting equations, describing Na+- and ligand-binding to a GPCR, can be used for all other ion-sensitive GPCRs.
Fitting Square Pegs Through Round Pipes: Unordered Delivery Wire-Compatible with TCP and TLS
Creators: name: Nowlan, Michael F.
name: Tiwari, Nabin
name: Iyengar, Janardhan
name: Amin, Syed Obaid
name: Ford, Bryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Internet applications increasingly employ TCP not as a stream abstraction, but as a substrate for application-level transports, a use that converts TCP's in-order semantics from a convenience blessing to a performance curse. As Internet evolution makes TCP's use as a substrate likely to grow, we offer Minion, an architecture for backward-compatible out-of-order delivery atop TCP and TLS. Small OS API extensions allow applications to manage TCP's send buffer and to receive TCP segments out-of-order. Atop these extensions, Minion builds application-level protocols offering true unordered datagram delivery, within streams preserving strict wire-compatibility with unsecured or TLS-secured TCP connections. Minion's protocols can run on unmodified TCP stacks, but benefit incrementally when either endpoint is upgraded, for a backward-compatible deployment path. Experiments suggest that Minion can noticeably improve performance of applications such as conferencing, virtual private networking, and web browsing, while incurring minimal CPU or bandwidth costs.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
Coupling Genetic and Chemical Microbiome Profiling Reveals Heterogeneity of Archaeome and Bacteriome in Subsurface Biofilms That Are Dominated by the Same Archaeal Species
Creators: name: Probst, Alexander J.
name: Birarda, Giovanni
name: Holman, Hoi-Ying N.
name: DeSantis, Todd Z.
name: Wanner, Gerhard
name: Andersen, Gary L.
name: Perras, Alexandra K.
name: Meck, Sandra
name: Völkel, Jörg
name: Bechtel, Hans A.
name: Wirth, Reinhard
name: Moissl-Eichinger, Christine
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Earth harbors an enormous portion of subsurface microbial life, whose microbiome flux across geographical locations remains mainly unexplored due to difficult access to samples. Here, we investigated the microbiome relatedness of subsurface biofilms of two sulfidic springs in southeast Germany that have similar physical and chemical parameters and are fed by one deep groundwater current. Due to their unique hydrogeological setting these springs provide accessible windows to subsurface biofilms dominated by the same uncultivated archaeal species, called SM1 Euryarchaeon. Comparative analysis of infrared imaging spectra emonstrated great variations in archaeal membrane composition between biofilms of the two springs, suggesting different SM1 euryarchaeal strains of the same species at both aquifer outlets. This strain variation was supported by ultrastructural and metagenomic analyses of the archaeal biofilms, which included intergenic spacer region sequencing of the rRNA gene operon. At 16S rRNA gene level, PhyloChip G3 DNA microarray detected similar biofilm communities for archaea, but site-specific communities for bacteria. Both biofilms showed an enrichment of different deltaproteobacterial operational taxonomic units, whose families were, however, congruent as were their lipid spectra. Consequently, the function of the major proportion of the bacteriome appeared to be conserved across the geographic locations studied, which was confirmed by dsrB-directed quantitative PCR. Consequently, microbiome differences of these subsurface biofilms exist at subtle nuances for archaea (strain level variation) and at higher taxonomic levels for predominant bacteria without a substantial perturbation in bacteriome function. The results of this communication provide deep insight into the dynamics of subsurface microbial life and warrant its future investigation with regard to metabolic and genomic analyses.
COVID-19 Inequities in India: A Human Rights-Based Approach for Assessing Health Risk Factors
Creators: name: Nagarjuna, Praneeth
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: India’s poor health outcomes and healthcare system relative to other developing countries have long been a cause for concern for public health experts. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown where some of the fissures in the Indian health system are; specifically, the pandemic has shown how human rights violations adversely impact health outcomes. Drawing from COVID-19 outcomes, I answer the question of what optimal public health policy – rooted within a human rights-based approach to health (HRBA) – looks like in India. I operationalize an HRBA by testing for relationships between human rights violations and COVID-19 outcomes in India as a means of measuring how human rights impact health writ large. I find that numerous human rights violations have significant associations with COVID-19 outcomes, including prison overcrowding, poor living conditions, and the inaccessibility of health care. Based on my findings, I recommend that the Government of India take several steps to address human rights violations, including the utilization of open jails, adoption of a retrospective payment model for public health insurance, and the election of community leaders to public health programs. Finally, these recommendations culminate in the proposal for a new Ministry in the Indian central government: the Ministry of Health and Human Rights (MHHR).
Direct detection of spontaneous polarization in Wurtzite GaAs nanowires
Creators: name: Bauer, Benedikt
name: Hubmann, Joachim
name: Lohr, Matthias
name: Reiger, Elisabeth
name: Bougeard, Dominique
name: Zweck, Josef
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We demonstrate the direct detection of spontaneous polarization in the wurtzite crystal phase of gallium-arsenide (GaAs) nanowires. Using differential phase contrast microscopy (DPC) in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we map the differences in charge distribution between the zinc-blende and wurtzite crystal phases and use twin defects in the zinc-blende phase to quantify the polarization strength. The value of 2.7 × 10−3 C/m2 found for the polarization strength matches well with theoretical predictions.
The effect of thermally pulsating asymptotic giant branch stars on the evolution of the rest-frame near-infrared galaxy luminosity function
Creators: name: Henriques, Bruno
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Monaco, Pierluigi
name: Fontanot, Fabio
name: Menci, Nicola
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Tonini, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the fundamental question of matching the rest-frame K-band luminosity function (LF) of galaxies over the Hubble time using semi-analytic models, after modification of the stellar population modelling. We include the Maraston evolutionary synthesis models, that feature a higher contribution by the Thermally Pulsating - Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-AGB) stellar phase, into three different semi-analytic models, namely the De Lucia and Blaizot version of the Munich model, MORGANA and the Menci model. We leave all other input physics and parameters unchanged. We find that the modification of the stellar population emission can solve the mismatch between models and the observed rest-frame K-band luminosity from the brightest galaxies derived from UKIDSS data at high redshift. For all explored semi-analytic models this holds at the redshifts - between 2 and 3 - where the discrepancy was recently pointed out. The reason for the success is that at these cosmic epochs the model galaxies have the right age (~1 Gyr) to contain a well-developed TP-AGB phase which makes them redder without the need of changing their mass or age. At the same time, the known overestimation of the faint end is enhanced in the K-band when including the TP-AGB contribution. At lower redshifts (z<2) some of the explored models deviate from the data. This is due to too short merging timescales and inefficient 'radio-mode' AGN feedback. Our results show that a strong evolution in mass predicted by hierarchical models is compatible with no evolution on the bright-end of the K-band LF from z=3 to the local universe. This means that, at high redshifts and contrary to what is commonly accepted, K-band emission is not necessarily a good tracer of galaxy mass.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Hardy inequality and asymptotic eigenvalue distribution for discrete Laplacians
Creators: name: Golenia, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study in detail some spectral properties of the magnetic discrete Laplacian. We identify its form-domain, characterize the absence of essential spectrum and provide the asymptotic eigenvalue distribution.
description: Few typos. To appear in Journal of Functional Analysis
Differential angiogenic properties of lithium chloride in vitro and in vivo
Creators: name: Ohlmann, Andreas
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Knobloch, Verena
name: Müller, Birgit
name: Zeilbeck, Ludwig Franz
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced by the Norrin/Frizzled-4 pathway has been shown to improve capillary repair following oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) in the mouse, a model for retinopathy of prematurity. Here we investigated if treatment with the monovalent cation lithium that has been shown to augment Wnt/β-catenin signaling in vitro and in vivo has similar effects. In cultured human microvascular endothelial cells, LiCl as well as SB 216763, another small molecule that activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, induced proliferation, survival and migration, which are all common parameters for angiogenic properties in vitro. Moreover, treatment with both agents caused an increase in the levels of β-catenin and their translocation to nuclei while quercetin, an inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, completely blocked the effects of LiCl on proliferation. In mice with OIR, intraperitonal or intravitreal treatment with LiCl markedly increased the retinal levels of β-catenin, but did not improve capillary repair. In contrast, repair was significantly improved following intravitreal treatment with Norrin. The effects of LiCl on HDMEC in vitro have minor relevance for OIR in vivo, and the influence of the Norrin/Frizzled-4 pathway on capillary repair in OIR is not reproducible upon enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling by LiCl treatment strongly indicating the presence of additional and essential mechanisms.
Barrow Cadbury Trust, United Kingdom/Compagnia di San Paolo, Italy/Fundacion BBVA, Spain/German Marshall Fund of the US Poll: August 2011
Creators: name: Barrow Cadbury Trust, United Kingdom
name: Compagnia Di San Paolo, Italy
name: Fundacion BBVA, Spain
name: US, German Marshall Fund Of The
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2011

Abstract
Constraining cosmological parameters by Gamma Ray Burst X - ray afterglow lightcurves
Creators: name: Cardone, V. F.
name: Dainotti, M. G.
name: Capozziello, S.
name: Willingale, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Hubble diagram (HD) of 66 Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) derived using only data from their X - ray afterglow lightcurve. To this end, we use the recently updated L_X - T_a correlation between the break time T_a and the X - ray luminosity L_X measured at T_a calibrated from a sample of Swift GRBs with lightcurves well fitted by the Willingale et al. (2007) model. We then investigate the use of this HD to constrain cosmological parameters when used alone or in combination with other data showing that the use of GRBs leads to constraints in agreement with previous results in literature. We finally argue that a larger sample of high luminosity GRBs can provide a valuable information in the search for the correct cosmological model.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, submitted