cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On-Chip Epilepsy Detection: Where Machine Learning Meets Personalized Wearable Healthcare Slides
Creators: Jerald Yoo
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

SSCS Webinar
ABSTRACT Epilepsy is a severe and chronic neurological disorder that affects over 65 million people worldwide. Yet current seizure/epilepsy detection and treatment largely relies on a physician interviewing the subject, which is not effective in infant/children group. Moreover, patient-to-patient and age-to-age variation on seizure pattern makes such detection particularly challenging; hence we need have a "personalized symptom detection". To expand the beneficiary group to even infants, and also to effectively adapt to each patient, a wearable form-factor, patient-specific system with machine learning is of crucial. However, the wearable environment is challenging for circuit designers due unstable skin-electrode interface, huge mismatch, and static/dynamic offset. This webinar will cover the design strategies of patient-specific epilepsy detection System-on-Chip (SoC). We will first explore the difficulties, limitations and potential pitfalls in wearable interface circuit design, and strategies to overcome such issues. Starting from a single op-amp instrumentation amplifier (IA), we will cover various IA circuit topologies and their key metrics to deal with offset compensation. Several state-of-the-art instrumentation amplifiers that emphasize on different parameters will also be discussed. Moving on, we will cover the feature extraction and the patient-specific classification using Machine Learning technique. Finally, an on-chip epilepsy detection and recording sensor SoC will be presented, which integrates all the components covered during the webinar. We will conclude with interesting aspects and opportunities that lie ahead.
The initial value problem for linearized gravitational perturbations of the Schwarzschild naked singularity
Creators: name: Dotti, Gustavo
name: Gleiser, Reinaldo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupled equations for the scalar modes of the linearized Einstein equations around Schwarzschild's spacetime were reduced by Zerilli to a 1+1 wave equation with a potential $V$, on a field $Ψ_z$. For smooth metric perturbations $Ψ_z$ is singular at $r_s=-6M/(\ell-1)(\ell+2)$, $\ell$ the mode harmonic number, and $V$ has a second order pole at $r_s$. This is irrelevant to the black hole exterior stability problem, where $r>2M>0$, and $r_s <0$, but it introduces a non trivial problem in the naked singular case where $M<0$, then $r_s>0$, and the singularity appears in the relevant range of $r$. We solve this problem by developing a new approach to the evolution of the even mode, based on a {\em new gauge invariant function}, $\hat Ψ$ -related to $Ψ_z$ by an intertwiner operator- that is a regular function of the metric perturbation {\em for any value of $M$}. This allows to address the issue of evolution of gravitational perturbations in this non globally hyperbolic background, and to complete the proof of the linear instability of the Schwarzschild naked singularity, by showing that a previously found unstable mode is excitable by generic initial data. This is further illustrated by numerically solving the linearized equations for suitably chosen initial data.
description: typos corrected, references added
Aeroelastic behavior of square section prisms in uniform flow
Creators: name: Wawzonek, Mitchell A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The work presented in this thesis concerns the experimental investigation and analysis of the oscillation behavior of elastically supported square prisms in a uniform flow of air. This is a step in understanding the behavior of structures in flow situations such as in the atmosphere or in water. The principal modes of excitation studied are those due to vortex shedding, and aerodynamic instability known as galloping. The tests showed that when the non-dimensional wind speed U was less than about 2.5, vortex shedding influenced the behavior significantly, so that the quasi-steady theory developed for galloping could not predict the amplitude response. Some of the data in the literature showed that in this wind speed range, measurements of aerodynamic force during forced oscillation could be used to more accurately predict the aeroelastic behavior. The quasi-steady analysis was verified to be valid for U greater than about 2.5 in the present tests, but the measured aerodynamic force behavior on which the analysis depends is in turn dependent on Reynolds number and end conditions. The velocity at which galloping is predicted to occur, U₀, is particularly sensitive to these effects, since the value of the aerodynamic parameter A that defines U₀ is not necessarily constant.
Tensor-entanglement renormalization group approach to 2D quantum systems
Creators: name: Gu, Zheng-Cheng
name: Levin, Michael
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional mean-field theory is a simple generic approach for understanding various phases. But that approach only applies to symmetry breaking states with short-range entanglement. In this paper, we describe a generic approach for studying 2D quantum phases with long-range entanglement (such as topological phases). Our approach is a variational method that uses tensor product states (also known as projected entangled pair states) as trial wave functions. We use a 2D real space RG algorithm to evaluate expectation values in these wave functions. We demonstrate our algorithm by studying several simple 2D quantum spin models.
description: 4 pages, RevTeX4
title: The Islamic Republic of Iran at the United Nations: a study of foreign policy issues, 1979 - 1989
Creators: name: Philip, Philip George
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This dissertation examines the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran at the United Nations between 1979 and 1989, with reference to certain issues which were of significance to Iran and the international community during that period. The dissertation is divided into two parts. Part I deals with Iran's diplomacy in the post-World War II and the pre-revolution period at the UN, and provides a historical backdrop to the evolution of Iran's foreign policy in the post-revolution period. Part II examines the situation which followed the revolution of 1979, when the newly formed Islamic government utilised the United Nations to explain to the international community the significance of the changes which had taken place in Iran. Following from this, the study has chosen to examine three major issues, namely, Human Rights, the Iran-Iraq War and Disarmament, and the extent to which these issues influenced Iran's post-revolution foreign policy at the United Nations. The dissertation has relied on information gathered from United Nations Documents, Iranian newspaper archives (Kayhan International), and personal interviews conducted in Geneva and Tehran.
A Short Working Distance Multiple Crystal X-ray Spectrometer
Creators: name: Dickinson, B.
name: Seidler, G. T.
name: Webb, Z. W.
name: Bradley, J. A.
name: Nagle, K. P.
name: Heald, S. M.
name: Gordon, R. A.
name: Chou, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For x-ray spot sizes of a few tens of microns or smaller, a mm-sized flat analyzer crystal placed ~ 1 cm from the sample will exhibit high energy resolution while subtending a collection solid angle comparable to that of a typical spherically bent crystal analyzer (SBCA) at much larger working distances. Based on this observation and a non-focusing geometry for the analyzer optic, we have constructed and tested a short working distance (SWD) multicrystal x-ray spectrometer. This prototype instrument has a maximum effective collection solid angle of 0.14 sr, comparable to that of 17 SBCA at 1 meter working distance. We find good agreement with prior work for measurements of the Mn K_beta x-ray emission and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) for MnO and also for measurements of the x-ray absorption near-edge structure for Dy metal using Lalpha2 partial-fluorescence yield detection. We discuss future applications at third- and fourth-generation light sources. For concentrated samples, the extremely large collection angle of SWD spectrometers will permit collection of high-resolution x-ray emission spectra with a single pulse of the Linac Coherent Light Source.
description: Submitted, Review of Scientific Instruments, 19 September 2008
Fluctuation-dissipation Type Theorem in Stochastic Linear Learning
Creators: name: Han, Manhyung
name: Park, Jeonghyeok
name: Lee, Taewoong
name: Han, Jung Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is a simple yet powerful consequence of the first-order differential equation governing the dynamics of systems subject simultaneously to dissipative and stochastic forces. The linear learning dynamics, in which the input vector maps to the output vector by a linear matrix whose elements are the subject of learning, has a stochastic version closely mimicking the Langevin dynamics when a full-batch gradient descent scheme is replaced by that of stochastic gradient descent. We derive a generalized FDT for the stochastic linear learning dynamics and verify its validity among the well-known machine learning data sets such as MNIST, CIFAR-10 and EMNIST.
RF Harmonic Oscillators Integrated in Silicon Technologies Slides
Creators: Pietro Andreani
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

SSCS Webinar Slides
ABSTRACT As one of the truly fundamental analog functions in any wireless/wireline application, the voltage controlled oscillator keeps attracting a great deal of well deserved attention. In this presentation, we will investigate the mechanisms of phase noise generation in harmonic oscillators, including some recently published general results, after which we will analyze both classical and emergent oscillator architectures, describing pros and cons for each. Various techniques to achieve a very wide oscillator tuning range will be illustrated as well.

BIO Pietro Andreani received the M.S.E.E. degree from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 1988, and the Ph.D. degree from Lund University, Sweden, in 1999. Between 2001 and 2007 he was chair professor at the Center for Physical Electronics, Technical University of Denmark. From 2005 to 2014 he had a 20% position as analog/RF designer at Ericsson AB in Lund, Sweden. Since 2007, he has been associate professor at the dept. of Electrical and Information Technology (EIT), Lund University, working in analog/mixed-mode/RF IC design. He has also been the head of the VINNOVA Center for System Design on Silicon, hosted by EIT, between 2014 and 2016. He has been a TPC member of ISSCC (2007-2012), is a TPC member of ESSCIRC (chair of the Frequency Generation subcommittee since 2012, TPC chair in 2014) and RFIC, and Associate Editor of JSSC. He has been an IEEE SSCS Distinguished Lecturer since 2017. He has authored numerous papers on harmonic oscillators and phase noise, for which he was elevated to IEEE Fellow in 2018.
Automatic regularization by quantization in reducible representations of CCR: Point-form quantum optics with classical sources
Creators: name: Czachor, Marek
name: Wrzask, Klaudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic fields are quantized in manifestly covariant way by means of a class of reducible representations of CCR. $A_a(x)$ transforms as a Hermitian four-vector field in Minkowski four-position space (no change of gauge), but in momentum space it splits into spin-1 massless photons (optics) and two massless scalars (similar to dark matter). Unitary dynamics is given by point-form interaction picture, with minimal-coupling Hamiltonian constructed from fields that are free on the null-cone boundary of the Milne universe. SL(2,C) transformations and dynamics are represented unitarily in positive-norm Hilbert space describing $N$ four-dimensional oscillators. Vacuum is a Bose-Einstein condensate of the $N$-oscillator gas. Both the form of $A_a(x)$ and its transformation properties are determined by an analogue of the twistor equation. The same equation guarantees that the subspace of vacuum states is, as a whole, Poincaré invariant. The formalism is tested on quantum fields produced by pointlike classical sources. Photon statistics is well defined even for pointlike charges, with UV/IR regularizations occurring automatically as a consequence of the formalism. The probabilities are not Poissonian but of a Rényi type with $α=1-1/N$. The average number of photons occurring in Bremsstrahlung splits into two parts: The one due to acceleration, and the one that remains nonzero even if motion is inertial. Classical Maxwell electrodynamics is reconstructed from coherent-state averaged solutions of Heisenberg equations. Static pointlike charges polarize vacuum and produce effective charge densities and fields whose form is sensitive to both the choice of representation of CCR and the corresponding vacuum state.
description: 2 eps figures; in v2 notation in Eq. (39) and above Eq. (38) is corrected
Safety of elobixibat and lubiprostone in Japanese patients with chronic constipation: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Ooba, Nobuhiro
name: Takahashi, Yoshinori
name: Nagamura, Marina
name: Takahashi, Masao
name: Ushida, Makoto
name: Kawakami, Eiji
name: Kimura, Masaomi
name: Sato, Tsugumichi
name: Tokuyoshi, Junichi
name: Miyazaki, Choichiro
name: Shimada, Mitsuaki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: We aimed to discuss and compare reported adverse reactions and drug add-ons associated with elobixibat and lubiprostone use in chronic constipation treatment, as the safety of these drugs has not been well examined in post-marketing clinical settings. In this retrospective cohort study, using records of community pharmacies in Japan, we identified new users of elobixibat and lubiprostone. The Japan Pharmaceutical Association sent questionnaires regarding baseline and event data to community pharmacists. The incidence of events and hazard ratio (HR) associated with the study drugs were evaluated. New users of elobixibat (n = 979) and lubiprostone (n = 829) were identified (mean age: 74 and 77 years; females: 59% and 53%, respectively). Although the crude risk ratio of adverse events for elobixibat was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.63–0.99), there was no significant difference in the HR for any of the common events, including drug add-ons (n ≥ 5), compared with those for lubiprostone. No new safety concerns have been raised in relation to elobixibat and lubiprostone use for treating chronic constipation, although the HR of different events varied. Further larger-scale study is needed as the estimates for events of small numbers were unstable
Structure of high-pressure supercooled and glassy water
Creators: name: Foffi, Riccardo
name: Sciortino, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the metastable equilibrium structure of deep supercooled and glassy water under pressure, covering the range of densities corresponding to the experimentally produced high-density and very-high-density amorphous phases. At $T = 188$ K, a continuous increase in density is observed on varying pressure from $2.5$ to $13$ kbar, with no signs of first-order transitions. Exploiting a recently proposed approach to the analysis of the radial distribution function -- based on topological properties of the hydrogen-bond network -- we are able to identify well-defined local geometries that involve pair of molecules separated by multiple hydrogen bonds, specific of the high and very high density structures.
description: Main text: 5 pages, 6 figures. Supplemental material: 19 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Cellular resource allocation strategies for cell size and shape control in bacteria
Creators: name: Serbanescu, Diana
name: Ojkic, Nikola
name: Banerjee, Shiladitya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bacteria are highly adaptive microorganisms that thrive in a wide range of growth conditions via changes in cell morphologies and macromolecular composition. How bacterial morphologies are regulated in diverse environmental conditions is a longstanding question. Regulation of cell size and shape implies control mechanisms that couple the growth and division of bacteria to their cellular environment and macromolecular composition. In the past decade, simple quantitative laws have emerged that connect cell growth to proteomic composition and the nutrient availability. However, the relationships between cell size, shape and growth physiology remain challenging to disentangle and unifying models are lacking. In this review, we focus on regulatory models of cell size control that reveal the connections between bacterial cell morphology and growth physiology. In particular, we discuss how changes in nutrient conditions and translational perturbations regulate the cell size, growth rate and proteome composition. Integrating quantitative models with experimental data, we identify the physiological principles of bacterial size regulation, and discuss the optimization strategies of cellular resource allocation for size control.
description: Review article, 13 pages, 5 figures,
Pauli radius of the proton
Creators: name: Cui, Zhu-Fang
name: Binosi, Daniele
name: Roberts, Craig D.
name: Schmidt, Sebastian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a procedure based on interpolation via continued fractions supplemented by statistical sampling, we analyse proton magnetic form factor data obtained via electron+proton scattering on $Q^2 \in [0.027,0.55]\,$GeV$^2$ with the goal of determining the proton magnetic radius. The approach avoids assumptions about the function form used for data interpolation and ensuing extrapolation onto $Q^2\simeq 0$ for extraction of the form factor slope. In this way, we find $r_M = 0.817(27)\,$fm. Regarding the difference between proton electric and magnetic radii calculated in this way, extant data are seen to be compatible with the possibility that the slopes of the proton Dirac and Pauli form factors, $F_{1,2}(Q^2)$, are not truly independent observables; to wit, the difference $F_1^\prime(0)-F_2^\prime(0)/κ_p = [1+κ_p]/[4 m_p^2]$, viz. the proton Foldy term.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Assessment of adverse events associated with remdesivir use for coronavirus disease 2019 using real-world data
Creators: name: Singh, Anika
name: Kamath, Ashwin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Background: Remdesivir has been used for treating patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) although there is conflicting evidence regarding its usefulness. Data regarding its safety largely come from the clinical trials conducted to support its emergency use authorization (EUA). This study aimed to identify the adverse events of remdesivir with disproportionately high reporting using real-world data. Research design and methods: The adverse event reports submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) by health-care professionals for drugs that have received EUA or approved for the treatment of COVID-19 in the US were studied. Adisproportionality analysis was performed to determine adverse events more frequently reported with remdesivir compared with other COVID-19 drugs in the database. Results: Elevated liver enzymes, acute kidney injury, raised blood creatinine levels, bradycardia, cardiac arrest, and death had disproportionately higher reporting with remdesivir as asuspect drug compared with other drugs. There is no significant difference in the reporting of these events based on patient sex or age. Conclusions: Our study confirms the drug label information regarding liver enzyme elevation. The renal and cardiac safety signals identified necessitate reevaluation for potential drug-labeling changes.
A prospective clinical pilot study on the effects of a hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: Cieplik, Fabian
name: Gottsauner, Maximilian J.
name: Michaelides, Ioannis
name: Schmidt, Barbara
name: Scholz, Konstantin J.
name: Buchalla, Wolfgang
name: Widbiller, Matthias
name: Hitzenbichler, Florian
name: Ettl, Tobias
name: Reichert, Torsten E.
name: Bohr, Christopher
name: Vielsmeier, Veronika
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: ; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Hydrogen peroxide; Mouthrinse; Gargle; Intraoral; Viral load
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objectives SARS-CoV-2 is mainly transmitted by inhalation of droplets and aerosols. This puts healthcare professionals from specialties with close patient contact at high risk of nosocomial infections with SARS-CoV-2. In this context, preprocedural mouthrinses with hydrogen peroxide have been recommended before conducting intraoral procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse on reducing the intraoral SARS-CoV-2 load. Methods Twelve out of 98 initially screened hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were included in this study. Intraoral viral load was determined by RT-PCR at baseline, whereupon patients had to gargle mouth and throat with 20 mL of 1% hydrogen peroxide for 30 s. After 30 min, a second examination of intraoral viral load was performed by RT-PCR. Furthermore, virus culture was performed for specimens exhibiting viral load of at least 10(3)RNA copies/mL at baseline. Results Ten out of the 12 initially included SARS-CoV-2-positive patients completed the study. The hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse led to no significant reduction of intraoral viral load. Replicating virus could only be determined from one baseline specimen. Conclusion A 1% hydrogen peroxide mouthrinse does not reduce the intraoral viral load in SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects. However, virus culture did not yield any indication on the effects of the mouthrinse on the infectivity of the detected RNA copies. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register (ref. DRKS00022484)
Thermodynamic Geometry and Extremal Black Holes in String Theory
Creators: name: Sarkar, Tapobrata
name: Sengupta, Gautam
name: Tiwari, Bhupendra Nath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a generalisation of thermodynamic geometry to degenerate quantum ground states at zero temperatures exemplified by charged extremal black holes in type II string theories. Several examples of extremal charged black holes with non degenerate thermodynamic geometries and finite but non zero state space scalar curvatures are established. These include black holes described by D1-D5-P and D2-D6-NS5-P brane systems and also two charged small black holes in Type II string theories. We also explore the modifications to the state space geometry and the scalar curvature due to the higher derivative contributions and string loop corrections as well as an exact entropy expression from quantum information theory. Our construction describes state space geometries arising out of a possible limiting thermodynamic characterisation of degenerate quantum ground states at zero temperatures.
description: 1 + 33 pages, LaTeX, 4 eps figures
Spectral hardness evolution characteristics of tracking Gamma-ray Burst pulses
Creators: name: Peng, Z. Y.
name: Ma, L.
name: Lu, R. J.
name: Fang, L. M.
name: Bao, Y. Y.
name: Yin, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing a sample presented by Kaneko et al. (2006) and Kocevski et al. (2003), we select 42 individual tracking pulses (here we defined tracking as the cases in which the hardness follows the same pattern as the flux or count rate time profile) within 36 Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs) containing 527 time-resolved spectra and investigate the spectral hardness, $E_{peak}$ (where $E_{peak}$ is the maximum of the $νF_ν$ spectrum), evolutionary characteristics. The evolution of these pulses follow soft-to-hard-to-soft (the phase of soft-to-hard and hard-to-soft are denoted by rise phase and decay phase, respectively) with time. It is found that the overall characteristics of $E_{peak}$ of our selected sample are: 1) the $E_{peak}$ evolution in the rise phase always start on the high state (the values of $E_{peak}$ are always higher than 50 keV); 2) the spectra of rise phase clearly start at higher energy (the median of $E_{peak}$ are about 300 keV), whereas the spectra of decay phase end at much lower energy (the median of $E_{peak}$ are about 200 keV); 3) the spectra of rise phase are harder than that of the decay phase and the duration of rise phase are much shorter than that of decay phase as well. In other words, for a complete pulse the initial $E_{peak}$ is higher than the final $E_{peak}$ and the duration of initial phase (rise phase) are much shorter than the final phase (decay phase). This results are in good agreement with the predictions of Lu et al. (2007) and current popular view on the production of GRBs. We argue that the spectral evolution of tracking pulses may be relate to both of kinematic and dynamic process even if we currently can not provide further evidences to distinguish which one is dominant. Moreover, our statistical results give some witnesses to constrain the current GRB model.
description: 32 pages, 26 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in New Astronomy
The production of planktonic herbivorous food chains in large-scale continuous cultures
Creators: name: Brown, Penelope Stevenson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The production of planktonic herbivorous food chains was examined in large scale continuous cultures using a deep nutrient-rich source of seawater to promote high productivity rates. Both turbulent and non-turbulent upveiling systems were investigated in one-stage culture experiments with flushing rates ranging from 0.25/day to 0.7 5/day. The systems were analyzed in terms of the dynamics of the primary community and their suitability for the growth and survival of two bivalve molluscs, oysters (Crassostrea qigas) and scallops (Chlamys hastata hericia). The results indicated that a high flushing rate of the continuous culture system (0.75/day) was required for the growth of the scallops under natural forcing conditions. Maximum rates of 16.8% per month sere achieved at a depth of one metre, due to a reduced light intensity and temperature at this depth compared with surface conditions. In contrast, the one-stage culture system with a flushing rate of 0.25/day provided suitable environmental conditions for the growth of oysters, although an experimental comparison of two stocking densities indicated that the phytoplankton concentration limited the growth of Crassostrea qigas at densities below commercial levels. In the two-stage culture experiments, the dynamics of the of the primary communities were monitored at constant and variable flushing rates, ranging from 0.10/day to 1.00/day, in turbulent upwelling systems with natural forcing conditions. The dynamics of the primary community were predicted with reasonable accuracy using a numerical simulation model with experimentally determined parameters and values of the forcing variables. The growth of the oysters was also examined as a function of their size, their density and various primary communities as a food source, The results indicated that a primary system with a flushing rate of 1.0/day provided the most suitable environmental conditions for the production of oysters. The maximum growth rates attained during the experiment (18%/week) were greater than rates measured in an 'optimal' field location in British Columbia.
Ternary Virasoro - Witt Algebra
Creators: name: Curtright, Thomas L
name: Fairlie, David B
name: Zachos, Cosmas K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 3-bracket variant of the Virasoro-Witt algebra is constructed through the use of su(1,1) enveloping algebra techniques. The Leibniz rules for 3-brackets acting on other 3-brackets in the algebra are discussed and verified in various situations.
description: 6 pages, LateX
The Pauli principle and the Monte Carlo Method for charge transport in graphene
Creators: name: Coco, Marco
name: Bordone, Paolo
name: Demeio, Lucio
name: Romano, Vittorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The attempt to include the Pauli principle in the Monte Carlo method by acting also on the free flight step and not only at the end of each collision is investigated. The charge transport in suspended monolayer graphene is considered as test case. The results are compared with those obtained in the standard Ensemble Monte Carlo technique and in the new Direct Simulation Monte Carlo algorithm which is able to correctly handle with Pauli's principle. The physical aspects of the investigated approach are analyzed as well.
Stochastic Processes in Networks of Queues with Exponential Service Times and only one Class of Customers
Creators: name: Ferreira, Manuel Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two networks of queues models, presented initially by Jackson, in the open case, and Gordon and Newell, in the closed case, stochastic processes are presented and studied in some of their details and problems. The service times are exponentially distributed and there is only one class of customers.
description: 9 pages
Conformal deformations of conic metrics to constant scalar curvature
Creators: name: Jeffres, Thalia
name: Rowlett, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C18, 53C21

description: We consider conformal deformations within a class of incomplete Riemannian metrics which generalize conic orbifold singularities by allowing both warping and any compact manifold (not just quotients of the sphere) to be the "link" of the singular set. Within this class of "conic metrics," we determine obstructions to the existence of conformal deformations to constant scalar curvature of any sign (positive, negative, or zero). For conic metrics with negative scalar curvature, we determine sufficient conditions for the existence of a conformal deformation to a conic metric with constant scalar curvature -1; moreover, we show that this metric is unique within its conformal class of conic metrics. Our work is in dimensions three and higher.
description: Minor details in the published version have been corrected; the main results are unchanged by these details
Recent Topics on Very High Energy Gamma-ray Astronomy
Creators: name: Mori, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in late 1980's, ground-based observation of TeV gamma-rays came into reality after struggling trials by pioneers for twenty years, and the number of gamma-ray sources detected at TeV energies has increased to be over seventy now. In this review, recent findings from ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observations are summarized (as of 2008 March), and up-to-date problems in this research field are presented.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the International Workshop on Advances in Cosmic Ray Science, March 17-19, 2008, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; to be published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (supplement)
Intelligent Video Editing: Incorporating Modern Talking Face Generation Algorithms in a Video Editor
Creators: name: Gupta, Anchit
name: Khan, Faizan Farooq
name: Mukhopadhyay, Rudrabha
name: Namboodiri, Vinay P.
name: Jawahar, C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a video editor based on OpenShot with several state-of-the-art facial video editing algorithms as added functionalities. Our editor provides an easy-to-use interface to apply modern lip-syncing algorithms interactively. Apart from lip-syncing, the editor also uses audio and facial re-enactment to generate expressive talking faces. The manual control improves the overall experience of video editing without missing out on the benefits of modern synthetic video generation algorithms. This control enables us to lip-sync complex dubbed movie scenes, interviews, television shows, and other visual content. Furthermore, our editor provides features that automatically translate lectures from spoken content, lip-sync of the professor, and background content like slides. While doing so, we also tackle the critical aspect of synchronizing background content with the translated speech. We qualitatively evaluate the usefulness of the proposed editor by conducting human evaluations. Our evaluations show a clear improvement in the efficiency of using human editors and an improved video generation quality. We attach demo videos with the supplementary material clearly explaining the tool and also showcasing multiple results.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted in ICVGIP 2021
Alleviation of Cosmic Age Problem In Interacting Dark Energy Model
Creators: name: Wang, Shuang
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmic age problem associated with the old high-$z$ quasar APM 08279 + 5255 and the oldest globular cluster M 107, both being difficult to accommodate in $Λ$CDM model. By evaluating the age of the Universe in a model that has an extremely phantom like form of dark energy (DE), we show that simply introducing the dark energy alone does not remove the problem, and the interaction between dark matter (DM) and DE need to be taken into account. Next, as examples, we consider two interacting DE models. It is found that both these two interacting DE Models can predict a cosmic age much greater than that of $Λ$CDM model at any redshift, and thus substantially alleviate the cosmic age problem. Therefore, the interaction between DM and DE is the crucial factor required to make the predicted cosmic ages consistent with observations.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables, to appear in PLB
The State-of-the-Art on Exploring Polysaccharide-Protein Interactions and Its Mechanisms, Stability, and Their Role in Food Systems
Creators: name: Yiasmin, Mst Nushrat
name: Al Azad, Salauddin
name: Easdani, Md.
name: Islam, Md. Serajul
name: Hussain, Mudassar
name: Cao, Weichao
name: Chen, Nuo
name: Uriho, Angelo
name: Asaduzzaman, Md.
name: Liu, Cong
name: Hua, Xiao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The compatibility and assembly of dietary soft matter components are crucial in enhancing food products’ stability, nutrition, texture, flavor, and shelf life. This review emphasizes the importance of these interactions, particularly in natural polymers like polysaccharides and proteins, due to their biodegradability, versatility, and sensory contributions. The structural behavior of these polymers exhibits consolable interactions or phase separation depending on molecular arrangements, which is pivotal in determining the microstructure of food matrices. The delicate balance between attractive and repulsive forces facilitates effective self-assembly processes, while weak interactions enable essential structural adaptations. Conversely, excessive intermolecular forces or restricted molecular dynamics can result in functional instability, such as phase separation or structural collapse. This review provides an indepth examination of physical and chemical methodologies to investigate the compatibility and interactions of dietary soft matter components. Techniques such as phase modeling, turbidity analysis, microscopy, thermal analysis, rheology, and spectroscopy are employed to evaluate these materials’ suitability and assembly characteristics. By analyzing these methodologies, the review emphasizes the importance of understanding soft matter interactions for developing functional food products with improved performance and stability. Furthermore, it identifies the current challenges and limitations, offering insights into future directions for advancing food science and technology.
Laboratory performances of the solar multichannel resonant scattering spectrometer prototype of the GOLF-New Generation instrument
Creators: name: Turck-Chieze, S.
name: Carton, P. H.
name: Mathur, S.
name: Barriere, J. -C.
name: Daniel-Thomas, P.
name: Lahonde-Hamdoun, C.
name: Granelli, R.
name: Loiseau, D.
name: Nunio, F.
name: Piret, Y.
name: Robillot, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article quickly summarizes the performances and results of the GOLF/SoHO resonant spectrometer, thus justifying to go a step further. We then recall the characteristics of the multichannel resonant GOLF-NG spectrometer and present the first successful performances of the laboratory tests on the prototype and also the limitations of this first technological instrument. Scientific questions and an observation strategy are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, published in Astronomical Notes
title: A productive response to legacy system petrification
Creators: name: Lauder, Anthony Philip James
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Requirements change. The requirements of a legacy information system change, often in unanticipated ways, and at a more rapid pace than the rate at which the information system itself can be evolved to support them. The capabilities of a legacy system progressively fall further and further behind their evolving requirements, in a degrading process termed petrification. As systems petrify, they deliver diminishing business value, hamper business effectiveness, and drain organisational resources. To address legacy systems, the first challenge is to understand how to shed their resistance to tracking requirements change. The second challenge is to ensure that a newly adaptable system never again petrifies into a change resistant legacy system. This thesis addresses both challenges. The approach outlined herein is underpinned by an agile migration process - termed Productive Migration - that homes in upon the specific causes of petrification within each particular legacy system and provides guidance upon how to address them. That guidance comes in part from a personalised catalogue of petrifying patterns, which capture recurring themes underlying petrification. These steer us to the problems actually present in a given legacy system, and lead us to suitable antidote productive patterns via which we can deal with those problems one by one. To prevent newly adaptable systems from again degrading into legacy systems, we appeal to a follow-on process, termed Productive Evolution, which embraces and keeps pace with change rather than resisting and falling behind it. Productive Evolution teaches us to be vigilant against signs of system petrification and helps us to nip them in the bud. The aim is to nurture systems that remain supportive of the business, that are adaptable in step with ongoing requirements change, and that continue to retain their value as significant business assets.
Dissecting Design Choices in Continuous-time Delta-Sigma Converters Slides
Creators: Shanthi Pavan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2020

SSCS Webinar Slides
Abstract - Continuous-time Delta-Sigma Modulators (CTDSMs) are a compelling choice for the design of high resolution analog-to-digital converters. Many delta-sigma architectures have been published (and continue to be invented). This leaves the designer with a bewildering array of choices, many of which seem to pull in opposite directions. Further, it is often difficult to make a clear comparison of various architectures, as they have been designed for dissimilar specifications, by different design groups, and in different technology nodes. This talk examines various alternatives for the design of power efficient single-loop continuous-time delta sigma converters.
Bio- Shanthi Pavan received the B.Tech from IIT Madras in 1995 and the doctoral degree from Columbia University, New York City, in 1999. He is currently a Professor of Electrical Engineering at IIT Madras. His research interests are in the areas of high speed analog circuit design and signal processing. He is a recipient of many awards, including the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Darlington Best Paper Award (2009) , the Swarna Jayanthi Fellowship (2009) and the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (2012). He has served as the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE Transactions on CIrcuits and Systems:Regular Papers. He has served on the Technical Program Committee at the International Solid State Circuits Conference (ISSCC), and as a Distinguished Lecturer of the Solid-State Circuits Society. He is currently a distinguished lecturer of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He is a fellow of the Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). He is the coauthor (with Richard Schreier and Gabor Temes) of "Understanding Delta Sigma Converters", published by the Wiley-IEEE Press.
Fidelity, fidelity susceptibility and von Neumann entropy to characterize the phase diagram of an extended Harper model
Creators: name: Gong, Longyan
name: Tong, Peiqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For an extended Harper model, the fidelity for two lowest band edge states corresponding to different model parameters, the fidelity susceptibility and the von Neumann entropy of the lowest band edge states, and the spectrum-averaged von Neumann entropy are studied numerically, respectively. The fidelity is near one when parameters are in the same phase or same phase boundary; otherwise it is close to zero. There are drastic changes in fidelity when one parameter is at phase boundaries. For fidelity susceptibility the finite scaling analysis performed, the critical exponents $α$, $β$, and $ν$ depend on system sizes for the metal-metal phase transition, while not for the metal-insulator phase transition. For both phase transitions $ν/α\approx2$. The von Neumann entropy is near one for the metallic phase, while small for the insulating phase. There are sharp changes in von Neumann entropy at phase boundaries. According to the variation of the fidelity, fidelity susceptibility, and von Neumann entropy with model parameters, the phase diagram, which including two metallic phases and one insulating phase separated by three critical lines with one bicritical point, can be completely characterized, respectively. These numerical results indicate that the three quantities are suited for revealing all the critical phenomena in the model.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Quantum Repeater with Encoding
Creators: name: Jiang, Liang
name: Taylor, Jacob M.
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Munro, William J.
name: Van Meter, Rodney
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new approach to implement quantum repeaters for long distance quantum communication. Our protocol generates a backbone of encoded Bell pairs and uses the procedure of classical error correction during simultaneous entanglement connection. We illustrate that the repeater protocol with simple Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) encoding can significantly extend the communication distance, while still maintaining a fast key generation rate.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures (add new section III with an explicit example and new appendix A)
Model of multiphoton transitions in a current-biased Josephson junction
Creators: name: Tornes, I.
name: Stroud, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model for multiphoton transitions between the quasi-bound states of a current-driven Josephson junction. The transitions are induced by applying an ac voltage with controllable frequency and amplitude across the junction. The voltage induces transitions when the ac frequency equals n times the splitting between the ground and first excited quasi-bound state of the junction. We calculate the transition matrix elements as functions of the dc bias current I, and the frequency and amplitude of the ac voltage, for representative junction parameters. We also calculate the frequency-dependent absorption coefficient by solving the relevant Bloch equations when the ac amplitude is sufficiently small. In this regime, the absorption coefficient is a sum of Lorentzian lines centered at the n-photon absorption frequency, of strength proportional to the squared matrix elements. For fixed ac voltage amplitude, the n-photon transition rate usually decreases with increasing n. We also find a characteristic even-odd effect: The absorption coefficient typically increases with I for n even but decreases for n odd. Our results agree qualitatively with recent experiments.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review B