cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Demand Learning in Two Operations Models
Creators: Han, Yunru
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Decision making
Pricing
Business logistics
Electronic commerce
Supply and demand
Operations management
Operations research
Industrial management
Economics

description: The rapid advance of information technologies largely facilitated firms' data-driven decision making. Particularly, in operations management practices, firms could continuously collect information to refine their demand knowledge, and integrate this process into their relevant operational decisions, e.g. pricing, inventory, and market entry, known as demand learning. Demand learning in complex business systems is often tangled with complex strategic interactions, thus requiring a deep understanding of how it affects the strategic relationship among players in various business setups. This thesis aims to contribute to the demand-learning literature by studying the strategic interactions in two different business relationships, one vertical and the other horizontal.
          First, I consider the interactions between a retailer and a supplier in a supply chain subject to demand censorship (i.e. unobservable lost sales) when the retailer is engaging in demand learning through dynamic inventory experimentation. I study the supplier's optimal wholesale prices when the retailer is in three different situations, and find that the retailer and the supply chain may actually benefit from either myopia or censorship in contrast to the existing results, due to the supplier's different collaborative or exploitative responses to the retailer's "willingness to learn". I also identify that, with demand censorship, the collaborative behavior between the players for information acquisition may improve the system's performance.
          Second, I study an online retail platform's learning process and entry policies as well as the independent seller's pricing distortion behavior to slow down this process, motivated by Amazon.com's unique dual role as both a marketplace and a merchant that allows it to use the transaction data generated by its third-party sellers to decide if to sell the same product itself. I developed a Bayesian statistical model for the platform's demand learning, proposed two types of heuristic entry policies for the platform owner. The model predicts a pattern of price distortion, and describes the product offering choices made by the independent seller. These could potentially serve as testable results for empirical studies.
Solar Orbiter osserva le sue prime Cme
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Sono state rilasciate dall'Agenzia spaziale europea le immagini e le animazioni delle prime espulsioni di massa coronale, o Cme in breve, riprese dagli strumenti a bordo della sonda Solar orbiter ancora nel pieno dei test. Tra di essi anche il coronografo italiano Metis. Con il commento di Silvano Fineschi, responsabile scientifico Inaf per Solar Orbiter
MOESM5 of Clinical expression and antigenic profiles of a Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate: merozoite surface protein 7 (PvMSP-7)
Creators: name: Chew Cheng
name: Somchai Jongwutiwes
name: Chaturong Putaporntip
name: Jackson, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. A heatmap describing the profiles of 351 differentially expressed genes (y-axis) between Patient Groups 2 and 4 (x-axis). Data displayed are log2 transformation of normalized raw reads using DESeq2. The heatmap is divided into four sectors. Significant GO terms and/or KEGG pathways in each sector are shown in tables on the right. GO terms and/or KEGG pathways with adjusted p-valueâ
Delocalization of Expenditures: The Role of Foreign Actors in Infrastructural Public Private Partnerships
Creators: Innes, Kyle
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: City planning
International relations
Transportation--Planning

description: This paper investigates the role played by foreign actors in infrastructural public private partnerships. It uses a case study of PortMiami where two public private partnerships, developed under the auspices of the Florida Department of Transportation, have been recently completed or are under construction. The PortMiami Tunnel, a road tunnel providing highway access to the port, was built by a special purpose vehicle under the control of a series of foreign actors. The Intermodal/ rail restoration, providing freight rail services to the port, is being built by a Florida based development firm.   This paper will use its findings to gain an understanding of the role played by foreign actors in Public Private Partnerships and their potential to change the way regions plan infrastructure.
Nel nucleo gran parte dell’acqua della Terra
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Utilizzando dispositivi chiamati celle a incudine di diamante, un team di ricercatori ha simulato la formazione del nucleo della Terra dimostrando per la prima volta che, in condizioni estreme di temperatura e pressione, l'idrogeno può legarsi con il ferro in esso contenuto. Un risultato che avvalora l’ipotesi secondo cui gran parte dell'acqua che è arrivata sulla Terra miliardi di anni fa potrebbe essere contenuta nel nucleo esterno sotto forma di idrogeno
Fissidentalium Fischer 1885
Creators: name: Scarabino, Victor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Scaphopoda
Dentaliida
Dentaliidae
Fissidentalium

description: Genus FISSIDENTALIUM Fischer, 1885
REMARKS.— This genus presents many uncertainties. In-depth studies are needed to clarify its specific composition, and obtain a better idea of the number of valid (Recent) species. Most species live in deep water and the diverse geographic and unclear bathymetric distributions given in the literature have contributed to the taxonomic confusion.
Current information regarding the radula does not offer much help for identification at the species level. Detailed studies, including meristic and morphometric analysis of shells and radulae will surely contribute to clarifying the problem.
 Lamprell & Healy (1998: figs 91F, G) identified a radula as that of Fissidentalium franklinae Lamprell & Healy, 1998. However, there are similarities between Lamprell & Healy’s illustration and that of the radula of Omniglypta cerina (Pilsbry, 1905) (Fig. 5a) and even of Calliodentalium crocinum (Dall, 1907), at least regarding the lateral and marginal teeth (Fig. 5b). I have studied enough radulae of species of Fissidentalium to conclude that this is not a Fissidentalium radula, and attribute its misidentification to a printing layout problem or the result of a misidentification of the soft parts through mixture in the original lot. The radular characteristics of F. franklinae should be confirmed when new material is available.
description: Published as part of Scarabino, Victor, 2008, New species and new records of scaphopods from New Caledonia, pp. 215-268 in Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196 on page 228
Costante o non costante, questo è il problema
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un team di scienziati guidato da Maria Giovanna Dainotti ha analizzato un database di oltre 1000 esplosioni di supernova e ha scoperto che i modelli che descrivono l'espansione dell'universo rappresentano meglio i dati quando viene introdotta una variazione temporale della costante di Hubble. Se questo verrà confermato da futuri dati osservativi, potrebbe indicare l’evidenza di una nuova fisica che opera su scala cosmica. Tutti dettagli su ApJ
title: Investigation into Human Galectin-1 Structure and Function
Creators: name: Scott, Stacy Arletta
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Galectin-1

description: Human galectin-1 is a lectin protein that is ubiquitously expressed by most normal adult tissues, and is also over-expressed by many human cancers. When in a reducing environment, human galectin-1 exhibits specific binding affinity for [beta]-galactosides and exists in a non-covalently bound homodimer conformation comprised of two 14.5 kDa subunits. Dimeric human galectin-1 exhibits cross-linking lectin activity because one carbohydrate-binding site per subunit is located at each end of the dimer. Mediated by cross-linking lectin activity, extracellular human galectin-1 is able to cluster specific glycoconjugate receptors on the T cell surface to initiate apoptosis. The apoptotic affects of extracellular galectin-1 upon T cells suggests that secretion of galectin-1 into the tumour stroma indirectly contributes to tumour survival and growth by essentially creating a "shield" from immune surveillance. Human galectin-1 cross-linking lectin activity also promotes cell migration and adhesion, two critical processes in angiogenesis and the invasion of metastatic cancer cells. Consequently, the production of [beta]-galactoside derivatives as a means of specific inhibition of galectin-1 has become a focus in today's fight against cancer. For human galectin-1 to maintain cross-linking lectin activity, six cysteine residues within each subunit of the homodimer must be kept from oxidizing to form inter- and/or intramolecular disulphide bonds. Considering most cancers are associated with oxidative stress, it is intriguing to contemplate whether an oxidized form of human galectin-1 functions within a cancerous environment. An oxidized monomeric form of human galectin-1 (14.5 kDa) is known to interact with the cell surface of macrophages and stimulate their release of an axonal regeneration factor(s), however, the role oxidized human galectin-1 may play in tumourigenesis is currently unsubstantiated. Attempts to generate the oxidized monomeric form for further study during this Ph.D resulted in the generation of two forms of oxidized human galectin-1, an oligomer 68 kDa in size and a smaller protein species of apparent molecular weight 17 kDa. [...]
title: The aesthetics of mastery
title: American literary naturalism and the cultural foundations of bureaucracy
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dorson, James
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 400 Sprache::420 Englisch, Altenglisch

description: This paper aims to examine the cultural foundations of the modern bureaucratic order around the turn of the twentieth century in the United States. In response to both the breakup of Victorian norms and the social crisis precipitated by the rapid expansion of free market industrial capitalism at the end of the nineteenth century, American naturalist writers experimented with new ways to represent and make sense of the social and cultural turmoil of their times. Rejecting a normative order based on Victorian morality as unable to address the problems of economic inequality and exploitation, this paper will explore how their art promoted a vision of rational management that ultimately helped to reorientate their culture toward the dawning bureaucratic ethos of the Progressive Era.
Combination of searches for invisible Higgs boson decays with the ATLAS experiment
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter particles, if sufficiently light, may be produced in decays of the Higgs boson. This Letter presents a statistical combination of searches for $H\to\textrm{invisible}$ decays where $H$ is produced according to the Standard Model via vector boson fusion, $Z(\ell\ell)H$, and $W\!/\!Z(\textrm{had})H$, all performed with the ATLAS detector using 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt s = 13$ TeV at the LHC. In combination with the results at $\sqrt s = 7$ and 8 TeV, an exclusion limit on the $H\to\textrm{invisible}$ branching ratio of $0.26 (0.17^{+0.07}_{-0.05})$ at 95% confidence level is observed (expected).
description: 28 pages in total, author list starting in page 12, 3 figures, 1 table, published in Phys. Rev. Lett. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2018-54/
Chiral magnetic waves in strongly coupled Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Ahn, Yongjun
name: Baggioli, Matteo
name: Liu, Yan
name: Wu, Xin-Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagating chiral magnetic waves (CMW) are expected to exist in chiral plasmas due to the interplay between the chiral magnetic and chiral separation effects induced by the presence of a chiral anomaly. Unfortunately, it was pointed out that, because of the effects of electric conductivity and dissipation, CMW are overdamped and therefore their signatures are unlikely to be seen in heavy-ion collision experiments and in the quark gluon plasma. Nonetheless, the chiral anomaly plays a fundamental role in Weyl semimetals and their anomalous transport properties as well. Hence, CMW could be potentially observed in topological semimetals using table-top experiments. By using a holographic model for strongly coupled Weyl semimetals, we investigate in detail the nature of CMW in presence of Coulomb interactions and axial charge relaxation and estimate whether, and in which regimes, CMW could be observed as underdamped collective excitations in topological materials.
description: 39 pages, 11 figures, published version
MOESM4 of Clinical expression and antigenic profiles of a Plasmodium vivax vaccine candidate: merozoite surface protein 7 (PvMSP-7)
Creators: name: Chew Cheng
name: Somchai Jongwutiwes
name: Chaturong Putaporntip
name: Jackson, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. A heatmap describing the profiles of 251 differentially expressed genes (y-axis) between Patient Groups 1 and 4 (x-axis). Data displayed are log2 transformation of normalized raw reads using DESeq2. The heatmap is divided into four sectors. Significant GO terms and/or KEGG pathways in each sector are shown in tables on the right. GO terms and/or KEGG pathways with adjusted p-value<0.05 were deemed significant. The colour scale represents the expression level of DEGs: red (lower expression), black (higher expression). Patient Groups are labelled by colour beneath the dendrogram.
Sat2Scene: 3D Urban Scene Generation from Satellite Images with Diffusion
Creators: name: Li, Zuoyue
name: Li, Zhenqiang
name: Cui, Zhaopeng
name: Pollefeys, Marc
name: Oswald, Martin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Directly generating scenes from satellite imagery offers exciting possibilities for integration into applications like games and map services. However, challenges arise from significant view changes and scene scale. Previous efforts mainly focused on image or video generation, lacking exploration into the adaptability of scene generation for arbitrary views. Existing 3D generation works either operate at the object level or are difficult to utilize the geometry obtained from satellite imagery. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel architecture for direct 3D scene generation by introducing diffusion models into 3D sparse representations and combining them with neural rendering techniques. Specifically, our approach generates texture colors at the point level for a given geometry using a 3D diffusion model first, which is then transformed into a scene representation in a feed-forward manner. The representation can be utilized to render arbitrary views which would excel in both single-frame quality and inter-frame consistency. Experiments in two city-scale datasets show that our model demonstrates proficiency in generating photo-realistic street-view image sequences and cross-view urban scenes from satellite imagery.
La Cina è su Marte
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Il lander della missione Tianwen-1 ha toccato la superficie del Pianeta rosso alle 01:18 ora italiana di questa notte. Un risultato che rende la Cina il secondo paese nella storia, dopo gli Stati Uniti, ad aver completato con pieno successo l’approdo su Marte. Prossimo passo: l’uscita dal lander del rover Zhurong, per dare inizio alla missione scientifica
Ranking Heterogeneous Search Result Pages using the Interactive Probability Ranking Principle
Creators: name: Pathak, Kanaad
name: Azzopardi, Leif
name: Halvey, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Probability Ranking Principle (PRP) ranks search results based on their expected utility derived solely from document contents, often overlooking the nuances of presentation and user interaction. However, with the evolution of Search Engine Result Pages (SERPs), now comprising a variety of result cards, the manner in which these results are presented is pivotal in influencing user engagement and satisfaction. This shift prompts the question: How does the PRP and its user-centric counterpart, the Interactive Probability Ranking Principle (iPRP), compare in the context of these heterogeneous SERPs? Our study draws a comparison between the PRP and the iPRP, revealing significant differences in their output. The iPRP, accounting for item-specific costs and interaction probabilities to determine the ``Expected Perceived Utility" (EPU), yields different result orderings compared to the PRP. We evaluate the effect of the EPU on the ordering of results by observing changes in the ranking within a heterogeneous SERP compared to the traditional ``ten blue links''. We find that changing the presentation affects the ranking of items according to the (iPRP) by up to 48\% (with respect to DCG, TBG and RBO) in ad-hoc search tasks on the TREC WaPo Collection. This work suggests that the iPRP should be employed when ranking heterogeneous SERPs to provide a user-centric ranking that adapts the ordering based on the presentation and user engagement.
description: To be presented as a full paper at ECIR 2024 in Glasgow, UK
Optimal Taxation Under Different Concepts of Justness
Creators: name: Jessen, Robin
name: Metzing, Maria
name: Rostam-Afschar, Davud
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Justness
subject: Optimal Taxation
subject: Income Redistribution
subject: Equal Sacrifice
subject: Inequality
subject: Subjective Preferences
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::336 Öffentliche Finanzen

description: A common assumption in the optimal taxation literature is that the social planner maximizes a welfarist social welfare function with weights decreasing with income. However, high transfer withdrawal rates in many countries imply very low weights for the working poor in practice. We reconcile this puzzle by generalizing the optimal taxation framework by Saez (2002) to allow for alternatives to welfarism. We calculate weights of a social planner’s function as implied by the German tax and transfer system based on the concepts of welfarism, minimum absolute and relative sacrifice, as well as subjective justness. For the latter we use a novel question from the German Socio- Economic Panel. We find that the minimum absolute sacrifice principle is in line with social weights that decline with net income. Absolute subjective justness is roughly in line with decreasing social weights, which is reflected by preferences of men, West Germans, and supporters of the grand coalition parties.
Foundations of Vector Retrieval
Creators: name: Bruch, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vectors are universal mathematical objects that can represent text, images, speech, or a mix of these data modalities. That happens regardless of whether data is represented by hand-crafted features or learnt embeddings. Collect a large enough quantity of such vectors and the question of retrieval becomes urgently relevant: Finding vectors that are more similar to a query vector. This monograph is concerned with the question above and covers fundamental concepts along with advanced data structures and algorithms for vector retrieval. In doing so, it recaps this fascinating topic and lowers barriers of entry into this rich area of research.
Turaev-Viro Modules of Satellite knots
Creators: name: Gilmer, Patrick M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M99

description: Given an oriented knot K in S^3 and a TQFT, Turaev and Viro defined modules somewhat analogous to the Alexander module. We work with the (V_p,Z_p) theories of Blanchet, Habegger, Masbaum and Vogel {BHMV} for p \ge 3, and consider the associated modules. In {G}, we defined modules which also depend on the extra data of a color c which is assigned to a meridian of the knot in the construction of the module. These modules can be used to calculate the quantum invariants of cyclic branched covers of knots and have other uses. Suppose now that S is a satellite knot with companion C, and pattern P. We give formulas for the Turaev-Viro modules for S in terms of the Turaev-Viro modules of C and similar data coming from the pattern P. We compute these invariants explicitly in several examples.
description: AMSTeX, 25 pages with 18 figures, uses epsf.tex
Torna Pint of Science in 25 città italiane
Creators: Redazione Media Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Al via da lunedì prossimo la più grande iniziativa di divulgazione scientifica al mondo: Pint of Science. Si tratta della sesta edizione italiana dell’evento ideato per portare la scienza fuori dai laboratori per raccontarla al grande pubblico nei pub. A causa della pandemia da Covid-19, l'edizione 2021 è stata completamente riprogettata per arrivare nelle case di tutta Italia online
Quantensoziologie verschränkter Monaden
Creators: name: Tenckhoff, Jürgen Theo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Quantenmonaden
Quantenphilosophie
Quantensoziologie
Interaktions-Energie-Quotient (IEQ)
Bayesian Brain Theory
Autopoiesis
Wissenschaftstheorie
Soziologische Systemtheorie
Monadologie

description: Quantensoziologie verschränkter Monaden untersucht die Verbindung zwischen Mathematik, Quantenphysik, Soziologie und Philosophie, um eine kohärente Erweiterung unseres Weltwissens zu ermöglichen. Die Arbeit basiert auf der Annahme, dass quantenmechanische Systeme innerhalb eines Hilbertraumes operieren, was die Möglichkeit eröffnet, Zustandsräume mathematisch zu erfassen. Diese Idee wird auf soziologische und philosophische Konzepte übertragen:

Soziologische Zustandsräume werden durch moderne Gesellschaftstheorien (z. B. Parsons, Luhmann) beschrieben und ermöglichen eine systemische Analyse sozialer Dynamiken.

Philosophische Zustandsräume gehen über das direkt Erfassbare hinaus und greifen auf Konzepte wie Leibniz‘ Monadologie zurück, in der Monaden als Seelenzustände existieren.

Durch diese interdisziplinäre Verknüpfung wird ein theoretischer Rahmen geschaffen, der neue Perspektiven auf Bewusstsein, Identität und soziale Strukturen eröffnet.
Detected jump-error correcting quantum codes, quantum error designs and quantum computation
Creators: name: Alber, G.
name: Beth, Th.
name: Charnes, Ch.
name: Delgado, A.
name: Grassl, M.
name: Mussinger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently introduced detected-jump correcting quantum codes are capable of stabilizing qubit-systems against spontaneous decay processes arising from couplings to statistically independent reservoirs. These embedded quantum codes exploit classical information about which qubit has emitted spontaneously and correspond to an active error-correcting code embedded in a passive error-correcting code. The construction of a family of one detected jump-error correcting quantum codes is shown and the optimal redundancy, encoding and recovery as well as general properties of detected jump-error correcting quantum codes are discussed. By the use of design theory multiple jump-error correcting quantum codes can be constructed. The performance of one jump-error correcting quantum codes under non-ideal conditions is studied numerically by simulating a quantum memory and Grover's algorithm.
Misurato il raggio di massa del protone
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Un gruppo di ricerca dell'Institute of Modern Physics dell'Accademia cinese delle scienze ha presentato una stima del raggio di massa del protone, pari a 0.67 ± 0.03 femtometri. Questo risultato potrebbe essere tra i primi valori in assoluto del raggio di massa del protone ottenuto da dati sperimentali. Tutti i dettagli su Physical Review D
James Webb apre le ali un’ultima volta sulla Terra
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Dopo la luce verde degli ultimi test di febbraio scorso, il più grande telescopio spaziale al mondo ha superato con successo anche i test funzionali di dispiegamento dello specchio primario, aprendo e richiudendo per l’ultima volta qui sulla Terra le sue “ali”. Una volta superati anche gli ultimi test in programma, Jwst sarà pronto per il lancio. La data fissata è al momento il 31 ottobre 2021
Centodiciotto piccoli universi per Chex-Mate
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Hanno avuto a disposizione il telescopio spaziale europeo Xmm-Newton per tre milioni di secondi. Obiettivo: osservare e studiare un campione ultraselezionato di 118 ammassi di galassie. Sono gli astronomi del progetto Chex-Mate. Ora che le osservazioni volgono al termine, iniziano a uscire i loro primi articoli scientifici. Ne parliamo con Stefano Ettori dell’Inaf di Bologna, principal investigator del progetto insieme a Monique Arnaud del Cea
Revealing signatures of planets migrating in protoplanetary discs with ALMA multi-wavelength observations
Creators: name: Nazari, Pooneh
name: Booth, Richard A.
name: Clarke, Cathie J.
name: Rosotti, Giovanni P.
name: Tazzari, Marco
name: Juhasz, Attila
name: Meru, Farzana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations show that rings and gaps are ubiquitous in protoplanetary discs. These features are often interpreted as being due to the presence of planets; however, the effect of planetary migration on the observed morphology has not been investigated hitherto. In this work we investigate whether multiwavelength mm/submm observations can detect signatures of planet migration, using 2D dusty hydrodynamic simulations to model the structures generated by migrating planets and synthesising ALMA continuum observations at 0.85 and 3 mm. We identify three possible morphologies for a migrating planet: a slowly migrating planet is associated with a single ring outside the planet's orbit, a rapidly migrating planet is associated with a single ring inside the planet's orbit while a planet migrating at intermediate speed generates one ring on each side of the planet's orbit. We argue that multiwavelength data can distinguish multiple rings produced by a migrating planet from other scenarios for creating multiple rings, such as multiple planets or discs with low viscosity. The signature of migration is that the outer ring has a lower spectral index, due to larger dust grains being trapped there. Of the recent ALMA observations revealing protoplanetary discs with multiple rings and gaps, we suggest that Elias 24 is the best candidate for a planet migrating in the intermediate speed regime.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On coupling constant thresholds in one dimension
Creators: name: Golovaty, Yuriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary 34L10, 34L40, Secondary 81Q10

description: The threshold behaviour of negative eigenvalues for Schrödinger operators of the type $$ H_λ=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+U(x)+λα_λV(α_λx) $$ is considered. The potentials $U$ and $V$ are real-valued bounded functions of compact support, $λ$ is a positive parameter, and positive sequence $α_λ$ has a finite or infinite limit as $λ\to 0$. Under certain conditions on the potentials there exists a bound state of $H_λ$ which is absorbed at the bottom of the continuous spectrum. For several cases of the limiting behaviour of sequence $α_λ$, asymptotic formulas for the bound states are proved and the first order terms are computed explicitly.
description: 16 pages
Analytic Model and Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Three-dimensional Magnetic Switchbacks
Creators: name: Shi, Chen
name: Velli, Marco
name: Toth, Gabor
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Huang, Zesen
name: Sioulas, Nikos
name: van der Holst, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Parker Solar Probe observations reveal that the near-Sun space is almost filled with magnetic switchbacks (``switchbacks'' hereinafter), which may be a major contributor to the heating and acceleration of solar wind. Here, for the first time, we develop an analytic model of an axisymmetric switchback with uniform magnetic field strength. In this model, three parameters control the geometry of the switchback: height (length along the background magnetic field), width (thickness along radial direction perpendicular to the background field), and the radial distance from the center of switchback to the central axis, which is a proxy of the size of the switchback along the third dimension. We carry out three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the dynamic evolution of the switchback. Comparing simulations conducted with compressible and incompressible codes, we verify that compressibility, i.e. parametric decay instability, is necessary for destabilizing the switchback. Our simulations also reveal that the geometry of the switchback significantly affects how fast the switchback destabilizes. The most stable switchbacks are 2D-like (planar) structures with large aspect ratios (length to width), consistent with the observations. We show that when plasma beta ($β$) is smaller than one, the switchback is more stable as $β$ increases. However, when $β$ is greater than one, the switchback becomes very unstable as the pattern of the growing compressive fluctuations changes. Our results may explain some of the observational features of switchbacks, including the large aspect ratios and nearly constant occurrence rates in the inner heliosphere.
Formazione e abitabilità planetaria
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Mediante esperimenti in laboratorio che simulano le condizioni di formazione planetaria, un team di ricercatori ha studiato le implicazioni che il tasso di accrescimento di materia di un pianeta ha sul suo contenuto in elementi e molecole volatili essenziali per la vita, come azoto, carbonio e acqua. Tutti i dettagli su Nature Geoscience
QED Phenomena in an Ultrastrong Magnetic Field. I. Electron-Photon Scattering, Pair Creation, and Annihilation
Creators: name: Kostenko, Alexander
name: Thompson, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate several basic electrodynamic processes as modified by the presence of a very strong magnetic field, exceeding $B_{\rm Q} \equiv m^2/e = 4.4\times 10^{13}$ G. These results are needed to build models of dissipative phenomena outside magnetars and some other neutron stars. Differential and total cross sections and rates are presented for electron-photon scattering, the annihilation of an electron-positron pair into two photons, the inverse process of two-photon pair creation, and single-photon pair creation into the lowest Landau state. The relative importance of these interactions changes as the background magnetic field grows in strength. The particle phase space relevant for a given process may be restricted by single-photon pair creation, which also opens up efficient channels for pair multiplication, e.g. in combination with scattering. Our results are presented in the form of compact formulae that allow for relativistic electron (positron) motion, in the regime where Landau excitations can be neglected (corresponding to $10^3B_{\rm Q} \gg B \gg B_{\rm Q}$ for moderately relativistic motion along the magnetic field). Where a direct comparison is possible, our results are tested against earlier calculations, and a brief astrophysical context is provided. A companion paper considers electron-positron scattering, scattering of electrons and positrons by ions, and relativistic electron-ion bremsstrahlung.
description: 28 pages and 12 figures, Astrophysical Journal 2018, 869, 44. Erratum added
Resolutions and Characters of Irreducible Representations of the N=2 Superconformal Algebra
Creators: name: Feigin, B L
name: Semikhatov, A M
name: Sirota, V A
name: Tipunin, I Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We evaluate characters of irreducible representations of the N=2 supersymmetric extension of the Virasoro algebra. We do so by deriving the BGG-resolution of the admissible N=2 representations and also a new 3,5,7...-resolution in terms of twisted massive Verma modules. We analyse how the characters behave under the automorphisms of the algebra, whose most significant part is the spectral flow transformations. The possibility to express the characters in terms of theta functions is determined by their behaviour under the spectral flow. We also derive the identity expressing every $\hat{sl}(2)$ character as a linear combination of spectral-flow transformed N=2 characters; this identity involves a finite number of N=2 characters in the case of unitary representations. Conversely, we find an integral representation for the admissible N=2 characters as contour integrals of admissible $\hat{sl}(2)$ characters.
description: LaTeX2e: amsart, 34pp. An overall sign error corrected in (4.33) and several consequent formulas, and the presentation streamlined in Sec.4.2.3. References added. To appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Einstein's Equations in Matter
Creators: name: Kovtun, Pavel
name: Shukla, Ashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Einstein's equations in matter are gravitational analogues of Maxwell's equations in matter, providing an effective classical description of gravitational fields. We derive Einstein's equations in matter for relativistic fluids, and use them to illustrate how the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations are modified by the matter's response to curvature. For a gas of massive fermions, we evaluate how the effective Newton's constant and other susceptibilities depend on the temperature and density. In anti-de Sitter space, we study the $O(1/(T\ell)^2)$ corrections to the geometries sourced by perfect fluids, and illustrate the breakdown of hydrostatics in AdS at small temperatures.
description: v2: Added section on matter in thermal equilibrium in anti-de Sitter spacetime
title: Trainings für Hausärzt*innen in zwei Methoden der Kurzberatung (5A und ABC) bei der Tabakentwöhnung: Prozessevaluation einer Pilotstudie
Creators: name: Kastaun, Sabrina
name: Leve, Verena
name: Hildebrandt, Jaqueline
name: Kotz, Daniel
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Nach der deutschen S3-Leitlinie zur Behandlung der Tabakabhängigkeit sollen Hausärzt*innen ihren rauchenden Patient*innen routinemäßig Rauchstoppberatungen anbieten. Dies wird derzeit nur unzureichend umgesetzt. Als eine Strategie zur verbesserten Umsetzung[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin
Non-stationarity of isomorphism between AF algebras defined by stationary Bratteli diagrams
Creators: name: Bratteli, Ola
name: Jorgensen, Palle E. T.
name: Kim, Ki Hang
name: Roush, Fred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L35, 46L80

description: We first study situations where the stable AF-algebras defined by two square primitive nonsingular incidence matrices with nonnegative integer matrix elements are isomorphic even though no powers of the associated automorphisms of the corresponding dimension groups are isomorphic. More generally we consider neccessary and sufficient conditions for two such matrices to determine isomorphic dimension groups. We give several examples.
description: 16 pages
The Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture in Hairy Kerr Black Holes
Creators: name: Zhao, Lai
name: Tang, Meirong
name: Xu, Zhaoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture, since its proposal, has always been a controversial hypothesis, but its significance in astrophysics is undeniable. For a regular black hole, its center does not contain a singularity, and the destruction of the horizon of such black holes is not protected by the Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture. Therefore, we employ Gedanken experiments to study the hairy Kerr black holes, which are promising candidates to serve as "simulators" of astrophysical black holes. By investigating these black holes through testing particles and scalar fields carrying large angular momentum, we explore whether these black holes can achieve overspinning. Our results suggest that the overspinning behavior of these hairy Kerr black holes in extremal or near-extremal conditions strongly depends on the hairy parameters (${α, l_0}$). This not only potentially offers us an opportunity to explore the interior structure of black holes, but may also provide clues for constraining the hairy parameters. This phenomenon might reveal the connection between the no-hair theorem of black holes and the weak cosmic censorship conjecture, bringing new perspectives to our understanding of these theories.
GI-PIP: Do We Require Impractical Auxiliary Dataset for Gradient Inversion Attacks?
Creators: name: Sun, Yu
name: Xiong, Gaojian
name: Yao, Xianxun
name: Ma, Kailang
name: Cui, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep gradient inversion attacks expose a serious threat to Federated Learning (FL) by accurately recovering private data from shared gradients. However, the state-of-the-art heavily relies on impractical assumptions to access excessive auxiliary data, which violates the basic data partitioning principle of FL. In this paper, a novel method, Gradient Inversion Attack using Practical Image Prior (GI-PIP), is proposed under a revised threat model. GI-PIP exploits anomaly detection models to capture the underlying distribution from fewer data, while GAN-based methods consume significant more data to synthesize images. The extracted distribution is then leveraged to regulate the attack process as Anomaly Score loss. Experimental results show that GI-PIP achieves a 16.12 dB PSNR recovery using only 3.8% data of ImageNet, while GAN-based methods necessitate over 70%. Moreover, GI-PIP exhibits superior capability on distribution generalization compared to GAN-based methods. Our approach significantly alleviates the auxiliary data requirement on both amount and distribution in gradient inversion attacks, hence posing more substantial threat to real-world FL.
Decoherence of molecular wave packets in an anharmonic potential
Creators: name: Foldi, Peter
name: Benedict, Mihaly G.
name: Czirjak, Attila
name: Molnar, Balazs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time evolution of anharmonic molecular wave packets is investigated under the influence of the environment consisting of harmonic oscillators. These oscillators represent photon or phonon modes and assumed to be in thermal equilibrium. Our model explicitly incorporates the fact that in the case of a nonequidistant spectrum the rates of the environment induced transitions are different for each transition. The nonunitary time evolution is visualized by the aid of the Wigner function related to the vibrational state of the molecule. The time scale of decoherence is much shorter than that of dissipation, and gives rise to states which are mixtures of localized states along the phase space orbit of the corresponding classical particle. This behavior is to a large extent independent of the coupling strength, the temperature of the environment and also of the initial state.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
title: Unterschiede zwischen selbstberichteter und gemessener Body Mass Index-Kategorie: eine systematische Übersicht
Creators: name: Freigang, Romy
name: Geier, Anne-Kathrin
name: Schmid, Gordian
name: Frese, Thomas
name: Unverzagt, Susanne
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Übergewicht und Adipositas sind weltweit ein wachsendes Gesundheitsproblem und führen durch ihre Folgeerkrankungen zu erheblichen Belastungen für das Individuum und die Gesundheitssysteme. Fragestellung: Unsere systematische Übersicht untersucht, inwieweit Menschen[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 53. Kongress für Allgemeinmedizin und Familienmedizin
Stelle estreme in ambienti estremi
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Non sono tutte uguali le stelle. Non solo perché il loro destino varia al variare della massa, ma anche perché esso è fortemente influenzato dall'ambiente in cui nascono o si trovano a vivere. È proprio questa la ragione che ha spinto un gruppo di astronomi a indagare nel dettaglio cosa succeda alle stelle che si trovano nei dischi di accrescimento degli Agn. Lo studio ne ripercorre la vita, per la prima volta, e ne analizza le conseguenze e le possibilità di osservazione
title: The Work of the Applied Theatre Artist as Simulated Patient in Open Disclosure Scenarios
Creators: name: Veurman, Jessica A
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Simulated patients
subject: artist as simulated patient
subject: healthcare education

description: The artist employed as a simulated patient fulfils a complex and demanding role. Simulated patients are required to create authentic characters, assist in the facilitation of successful educational outcomes and contribute to providing a supportive environment in which healthcare providers are able to safely practice their skills. Despite the growing research related to the use of simulated patients in medical education, there is little exploration from the artist’s perspective. This thesis addresses this gap by exploring the experiences of three artists working as simulated patients in the specific context of simulated Open Disclosure scenarios. Using a qualitative research approach employing narrative inquiry and autoethnography, this study explores the responsibilities and practice requirements for the artist as simulated patient and aims to understand how the artist manages these responsibilities to create quality outcomes for healthcare providers. A thematic analysis of participants’ narratives pertaining to their work as simulated patients in the Open Disclosure context was used to explore several research questions. The study findings reveal that the artist as simulated patient takes on three responsibilities: acting, facilitating and maintaining a safe environment. Each of these responsibilities has several associated practice requirements, challenges and tensions. The findings also suggest that as they work, the artist has four internal voices in their head and that these voices are associated with the three responsibilities. These are: the actor’s voice and the character’s voice (acting); the facilitator’s voice (facilitating); and the ethicist’s voice (maintaining a safe environment). Further, the study reveals that the artist’s critically aware self filters this inner dialogue to make decisions in the moment-to-moment action. These decisions allow the artist, as simulated patient, to respond within the interactions in a way that can best serve the various needs of the individual healthcare providers. It is hoped that the findings in this research study will contribute the training of artists as simulated patients in order to provide more effective support in the education of healthcare providers.
Bayesian Clustering for Continuous-Time Hidden Markov Models
Creators: name: Luo, Yu
name: Stephens, David A.
name: Buckeridge, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62F15, 91C20

description: We develop clustering procedures for longitudinal trajectories based on a continuous-time hidden Markov model (CTHMM) and a generalized linear observation model. Specifically in this paper, we carry out finite and infinite mixture model-based clustering for a CTHMM and achieve inference using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). For a finite mixture model with prior on the number of components, we implement reversible-jump MCMC to facilitate the trans-dimensional move between different number of clusters. For a Dirichlet process mixture model, we utilize restricted Gibbs sampling split-merge proposals to expedite the MCMC algorithm. We employ proposed algorithms to the simulated data as well as a real data example, and the results demonstrate the desired performance of the new sampler.