cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement of B(Ds+ -->ell+ nu) and the Decay Constant fDs From 600/pb of e+e- Annihilation Data Near 4170 MeV
Creators: name: CLEO Collaboration
name: Alexander, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine e+e- --> Ds^-D_s^{*+} and Ds^{*-}Ds^{+} interactions at 4170 MeV using the CLEO-c detector in order to measure the decay constant fDs with good precision. Previously our measurements were substantially higher than the most precise lattice based QCD calculation of (241 +/- 3) MeV. Here we use the D_s^+ --> ell^+ nu channel, where the ell^+ designates either a mu^+ or a tau^+, when the tau^+ --> pi^+ anti-nu. Analyzing both modes independently, we determine B(D_s^+ --> mu^+ nu)= 0.565 +/- 0.045 +/- 0.017)%, and B(D_s^+ --> mu^+ nu)= (6.42 +/- 0.81 +/- 0.18)%. We also analyze them simultaneously to find an effective value of B^{eff}(D_s^+ --> mu^+ nu)= (0.591 +/- 0.037 +/- 0.018)% and fDs=(263.3 +/- 8.2 +/- 3.9) MeV. Combining with the CLEO-c value determined independently using D_s^+ --> tau^+ nu, tau^+ --> e^+ nu anti-nu decays, we extract fDs=(259.5 +/- 6.6 +/- 3.1) MeV. Combining with our previous determination of B(D^+ --> mu^+ nu), we extract the ratio fDs/fD+=1.26 +/- 0.06 +/- 0.02. No evidence is found for a CP asymmetry between Gamma(D_s^+ --> mu^+ν) and Γ(D_s^- --> mu^- nu); specifically the fractional difference in rates is measured to be (4.8 +/- 6.1)%. Finally, we find B(D_s^+ --> e^+ nu) < 1.2x10^{-4} at 90% confidence level.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
Expanding on Conventional Refugee Health Trajectories
Creators: name: Lee, Sean P
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Traditional profiles of refugee arrivals are limited to epidemiological data regarding prevalence of health conditions. A mixed methods approach examined the expansive possibilities of community perspectives contributing to refugee health. Quantitative data compared the established national markers from a CDC/DHHS dataset of refugee health priorities and a dataset of 6,863 refugees screened for illness upon their arrival to Illinois. Qualitative data was collected in the form of 11 interviews with refugee service providers across the United States. Refugee health priorities were juxtaposed to qualitative data to better understand the health issues facing refugee communities and their prioritization at national and local levels. Several themes emerged from the qualitative analysis that corresponded with different levels of socioecological models (Bronfenbrenner, 1971) and the immigrant health trajectory (Edberg, Cleary, and Vyas). Quantitative differences existed between the nationally established health priorities and from the Chicago refugee sample; similarly, priorities identified from service provider interviews were different from the national prioritization scheme. The interviews with refugee service providers produced thematic results regarding protective actions being performed by refugee service institutions, barriers (built environment and social support eligibility) that impede refugee health, structural violence affecting the mental health of refugees, and insufficient support for nuanced health issues. Misaligned priorities at different levels of refugee health ecology and marginalization consequent to both discrimination and anti-immigrant political rhetoric highlight the need for more engagement of, and access for, refugees in directing resettlement.
Diverting food organics from landfill in the Hobart City Council
Creators: name: Bonange, G
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Compostable organics represent 62% of all waste sent to landfill in Australia and significantly contribute to the greenhouse gas emissions from the waste sector. With the challenge of climate change and the scarcity of landfill space, the diversion and recovery of the compostable organics waste stream is increasingly important. Food organics is the dominant component of the compostable organics waste stream and the major source of methane production in Australian landfills. However, the national recovery level of food organics is only 10%. This study examined food organics management amongst 23 businesses in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia through a face-to-face survey in July and August 2010. Information was obtained in order to: (1) determine the volume of organic material generated; (2) examine the methods used to reduce and dispose food organics; and (3) determine the barriers and opportunities for increased food organics diversion in Hobart. The study determined that measures to avoid the generation of food organics had been implemented to a greater extent than measures for the recovery of food organics. Food organics were mainly diverted by businesses within the Manufacturing and Wholesaling and Food Retailing business group while limited action was taken by businesses in the Accommodation and Food Services and Educational and Health Institutions sectors. Donation of food organics for animal feed was the recovery measure primarily used by businesses followed by donation of surplus food to charity. The barriers reported by businesses as impeding food organics separation for recovery are primarily financial, including the increase of waste disposal costs and a lack of economic incentive to participate in a separated food organics collection service. The absence of a collection service for food organics and a lack of information on alternative options available to divert food organics from landfill were also reported as barriers to better organics management practices. The survey determined that the majority of businesses are willing to divert food organics but under the condition that it is economically beneficial or at least cost neutral.
A Bright Submillimeter Source in the Bullet Cluster (1E0657--56) Field Detected with BLAST
Creators: name: Rex, Marie
name: Ade, Peter A. R.
name: Aretxaga, Itziar
name: Bock, James J.
name: Chapin, Edward L.
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dicker, Simon R.
name: Griffin, Matthew
name: Gundersen, Joshua O.
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hargrave, Peter C.
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Marsden, Gaelen
name: Martin, Peter G.
name: Mauskopf, Philip
name: Montana, Alfredo
name: Netterfield, Calvin B.
name: Olmi, Luca
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Patanchon, Guillaume
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Semisch, Christopher
name: Thomas, Nicholas
name: Truch, Matthew D. P.
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Tucker, Gregory S.
name: Viero, Marco P.
name: Wiebe, Donald V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the 250, 350, and 500 micron detection of bright submillimeter emission in the direction of the Bullet Cluster measured by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST). The 500 micron centroid is coincident with an AzTEC 1.1 mm point-source detection at a position close to the peak lensing magnification produced by the cluster. However, the 250 micron and 350 micron centroids are elongated and shifted toward the south with a differential shift between bands that cannot be explained by pointing uncertainties. We therefore conclude that the BLAST detection is likely contaminated by emission from foreground galaxies associated with the Bullet Cluster. The submillimeter redshift estimate based on 250-1100 micron photometry at the position of the AzTEC source is z_phot = 2.9 (+0.6 -0.3), consistent with the infrared color redshift estimation of the most likely IRAC counterpart. These flux densities indicate an apparent far-infrared luminosity of L_FIR = 2E13 Lsun. When the amplification due to the gravitational lensing of the cluster is removed, the intrinsic far-infrared luminosity of the source is found to be L_FIR <= 10^12 Lsun, consistent with typical luminous infrared galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. Maps are available at http://blastexperiment.info/
A Southern Hemisphere record of the Matuyama-Brunhes polarity reversal
Creators: name: Clement, Bradford M.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We present a record of the Matuyama-Brunhes (0.73 Ma) polarity transition from a southern hemisphere deepsea sediment core (V16-58; 46°S, 30°E). The transition is recorded across at least 30 cm of section and is defined by a nearly 180° change in directions which occurs during a low in the relative intensities. An increase in the 10Be/9Be ratios associated with the intensity low suggests that the relative intensities may document a decrease in the strength of the geomagnetic field. The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path is neither clearly near- or far-sided, but tracks approximately 120° west of the site longitude. Considered with other Matuyama-Brunhes transition records, this southern hemisphere record supports previous interpretations that the Matuyama-Brunhes transitional field was not dipolar. Instead, the V16-58 transition together with other records of this reversal recently obtained from this longitudinal sector suggests that nonzonal terms which are symmetric about the equator were important during this transitional field.
title: An Experiment Comparing the Relative Effectiveness of a Linear and a Context Program in Teaching Some Selected Persian Words With Reference to the Persian Alphabet to English Speaking People
Creators: name: Moghadam, Batool
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1973

description: The purpose of this study was to test the relative effectiveness of a linear and a context program in teaching some selected Persian words to English speaking people.
A survey of the literature did not reveal studies closely related to the present study, but it revealed studies verifying the usefulness of programed instruction in general, and also some limited attempts made to set up programs for teaching Persian to Americans o There has been increasing attention by educators to programed instruction in the last fifteen years. The idea was also supported that there is a need in the United States for the study of some foreign languages, including Persian.
Sixty subjects of both sexes were assigned randomly to either the linear or the context program. The programs included the same words, and they appeared in the same order in each program. The level of performance of students on three posttests given to them was the criteria for judgment of achievement. The amount of time each group spent on the program was the criteria for time comparison.
The principal finding was that there was a significant difference in favor of the context program at the P < .05 level in terms of time spent. Females in the linear program received significantly higher mean scores on list meaning and overall posttest scores at P < .05 level.
Airborne gravimetry: An investigation of filtering
Creators: name: Childers, Vicki A.
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Brozena, John M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Airborne gravimetry
subject: Gravity--Measurement
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Low-pass filtering in airborne gravimetry data processing plays a fundamental role in determining the spectral content and amplitude of the free-air anomaly. Traditional filters used in airborne gravimetry, the 6 × 20-s resistor-capacitor (RC) filter and the 300-s Gaussian filter, heavily attenuate the waveband of the gravity signal. As we strive to reduce the overall error budget to the sub-mGal level, an important step is to evaluate the choice and design of the low-pass filter employed in airborne gravimetry to optimize gravity anomaly recovery and noise attenuation. This study evaluates low-pass filtering options and presents a survey-specific frequency domain filter that employs the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for airborne gravity data. This study recommends a new approach to low-pass filtering airborne data. For a given survey, the filter is designed to maximize the target gravity signal based upon survey parameters and the character of measurement noise. This survey-specific low-pass filter approach is applied to two aerogravimetry surveys: one conducted in West Antarctica and the other in the eastern Pacific off the California coast. A reflight comparison with the West Antarctic survey shows that anomaly amplitudes are increased while slightly improving the rms fit between the reflown survey lines when an appropriately designed FFT filter is employed instead of the traditionally used filters. A comparison of the East Pacific survey with high-resolution shipboard gravity data indicates anomaly amplitude improvements of up to 20 mGal and a 49% improvement of the rms fit from 3.99 mGal to 2.04 mGal with the appropriately designed FFT filter. These results demonstrate that substantial improvement in anomaly amplitude and wavelength can be attained by tailoring the filter to the survey.
$N+1$ formalism in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Torii, Takashi
name: Shinkai, Hisa-aki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Towards the investigation of the full dynamics in higher-dimensional and/or stringy gravitational model, we present the basic equations of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory. We show $(N+1)$-dimensional version of the ADM decomposition including Gauss-Bonnet terms, which shall be the standard approach to treat the space-time as a Cauchy problem. Due to the quasi-linear property of the Gauss-Bonnet gravity, we find that the evolution equations can be in a treatable form in numerics. We also show the conformally-transformed constraint equations for constructing an initial data. We discuss how the constraints can be simplified by tuning the powers of conformal factors. Our equations can be used both for timelike and spacelike foliations.
description: 15pages, no figure, to appear in PRD
title: The Relationship between a Measure of Dogmatism and Retention of Rogerian and Skinnerian Concepts
Creators: name: Carpenter, Richard A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: The present study attempted to investigate the relationship between a subject's degree of dogmatism and his attitudes towards the different theoretical positions held by B. F. Skinner and Carl Rogers regarding the control of man. This study utilized selective retention as an indicator of subjects' attitudes. No significant difference was found between Skinner's and Rogers' on their retention of high, medium, and low dogmatism groups. There was also a non-significant correlation between subjects' scores on the retention of Sinner's and Rogers' concept and subjects' dogmatism scores.
Dynamic scheduling system for web monitoring/crawling system
Creators: name: Alduhaim, NS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This research studies the updating speed of web pages to provide a dynamic scheduling system for web monitoring. It combines two approaches; Multiple Classification Ripple-Down Rules (MCRDR) and Detector Constructor (DC-1). MCRDR is used to retrieve articles from web pages and classify them into folders. The DC-1 then checks if there is any unusual posting activity in these folders to inform the MCRDR to schedule a new revisiting time sooner than the originally scheduled time. This system aims to keep the user updated with fewer visiting times and less delay time between publishing (a change in web page) and collecting times (revisiting time).
The evolution of the red sequence slope in massive galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Stott, J. P.
name: Pimbblet, K. A.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Smith, G. P.
name: Wardlow, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of the optical and near-infrared colour-magnitude relation in an homogeneous sample of massive clusters from z = 1 to the present epoch. By comparing deep Hubble Space Telescope ACS imaging of X-ray selected MACS survey clusters at z = 0.5 to the similarly selected LARCS sample at z = 0.1 we find that the rest-frame d(U -V)/dV slope of the colour-magnitude relation evolves with redshift which we attribute to the build up of the red sequence over time. This rest frame slope evolution is not adequately reproduced by that predicted from semi-analytic models based on the Millennium Simulation despite a prescription for the build up of the red sequence by in-falling galaxies, 'strangulation'. We observe no strong correlation between this slope and the cluster environment at a given redshift demonstrating that the observed evolution is not due to a secondary correlation. Also presented are near-infrared UKIRT WFCAM observations of the LARCS clusters which confirm and improve on the the result from Stott et al. (2007) finding that there has been a two-fold increase in faint MV > -20 galaxies on the red sequence since z = 0.5 to a significance of 5sigma.
description: MNRAS accepted
Fracture-controlled gas hydrate systems in the northern Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: Cook, Ann E.
name: Goldberg, David S.
name: Kleinberg, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Submarine geology
Petroleum--Geology

description: High-angle, open mode fractures control the presence of natural gas hydrate in water-saturated clays at the Keathley Canyon 151 site in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which was investigated for gas hydrates as part of the Chevron Joint Industry Project drilling in 2005. We analyze logging-while-drilling resistivity images and infer that gas hydrate accumulated in situ in two modes: filling fractures and saturating permeable beds. High-angle hydrate-filled fractures are the most common mode for gas hydrate occurrence at this site, with most of these fractures dipping at angles of more than 40° and occurring between 220 and 300 m below seafloor. These fractures all strike approximately N–S, which agrees with the 165°SE–345°NW maximum horizontal stress direction determined from borehole breakouts and which aligns with local bathymetric contours. In one interval of hydrate-filled fractures, porosity increases with increasing hydrate saturation. We suggest that high pore pressure may have dilated sediments during fracture formation, causing this increase in porosity. Furthermore, the formation of gas hydrate may have heaved fractures apart, also increasing the formation porosity in this interval.
A laboratory study of thermal convection under a central force field
Creators: name: Chandra, Bhuvanesh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of thermal convection under the influence of a central force field. Flows in the atmosphere and in the core of the earth are thought to occur under a near balance between Coriolis and buoyancy forces. Thus, a desirable model of these flows would include spherical symmetry in the force field and rotation. The present study, in which convection under a central force field in cylindrical geometry has been achieved, is the first step towards such a model. The system consists of a cool outer cylinder and a hot inner cylinder with a dielectric liquid (silicone oil) filling the annulus between them. The common axis of the cylinders is vertical. The inner cylinder is grounded and the outer cylinder is kept at a high alternating (60 Hz) potential. This intense alternating electric field provides the radial buoyancy force which results in convective heat transfer at a certain critical temperature gradient. The fluid in the system is found to behave like a layer of fluid in a gravitational field, heated from below. Below a certain critical value of a dimensionless number (equivalent to the Rayleigh number with the electrical force substituted for gravity) there is no convective heat transfer. Above the critical value, flow sets in with the convective heat transfer proportional to the modified Rayleigh number. Marginal stability analysis gives a critical electrical Rayleigh number in agreement with the experimentally determined value.
title: Behavioral Induction in Guinea Pigs as a Function of Reinforcement Magnitude in Multiple Schedules of Negative Reinforcement
Creators: name: Burns, Dennis L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1975

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of changes in magnitude of negative reinforcement on multiple schedules with the guinea pigs. In both schedule components, the first response (lever press) after an average of 10 seconds was reinforced. In the constant component of this schedule the reinforcement magnitude (time-off from electric foot shock) was always 15 seconds; whereas, in the manipulated component the magnitude changed in the following sequence: 15, 7.5, 15, 30, and 15 seconds. All subjects showed a gradual decrease in response rate across baseline conditions. When behavioral effects were evaluated relative to this changing baseline, five of six subjects demonstrated that as the reinforcement magnitude decreased in one component, the response rates in both components decreased (negative induction). Likewise, when reinforcement magnitude increased in one component, all subjects showed behavioral induction. Specifically, three subjects showed increases in response rate in both components (positive induction), while two subjects showed decreases in response rate in v both components (negative induction). This research extends the generality of the behavioral induction phenomena on multiple schedules to in elude negative reinforcement with the guinea pig as a function of changes in reinforcement magnitude
Charmless B Decays at CDF
Creators: name: Tonelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: he CDF experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron p-pbar collider pioneered the exploration of charmless b-hadron decays in hadron collisions. This provided a unique, rich and highly successful program of measurements that is currently reaching its full maturity. I report here results on two-body decays and the new analysis of B0s-->phiphi decays in a event sample corresponding to 2.9 fb-1.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, part of the proceedings of the BEAUTY2009 conference. Introduction slightly changed. Minor corrections in other text. References added
PCC Training for Copy Catalogers: Is It Worth the Investment? The Columbia University Libraries Experience
Creators: name: Gelber, Natalia
name: Kandarasheva, Irina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Library science

description: This paper presents a case study program implemented at Columbia University Libraries that trains copy catalogers in Program for Cooperative Cataloging (PCC) and Name Authority Cooperative Program (NACO) principles. Under the guidance of the NACO coordinator and cataloging supervisors, copy catalogers create PCC-level records for belles lettres materials, construct name and. uniform title headings, and submit classification number proposals for literary authors in a variety of languages in both roman and nonroman scripts. The benefits of the program include timely and efficient processing of materials, high-quality bibliographic records, better collocation of belles lettres, and upgrade of vendor or member records utilized by the shared cataloging community. The program serves as an important step in the professional development of copy catalogers and contributes to the growth of training and mentoring skills of professional catalogers. The skills acquired by copy catalogers can be used in future cataloging projects such as metadata creation and name disambiguation.
Radio and mid-infrared identification of BLAST source counterparts in the Chandra Deep Field South
Creators: name: Dye, Simon
name: Ade, Peter A. R.
name: Bock, James J.
name: Chapin, Edward L.
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dunlop, James S.
name: Eales, Stephen A.
name: Griffin, Matthew
name: Gundersen, Joshua O.
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Hargrave, Peter C.
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Magnelli, Benjamin
name: Marsden, Gaelen
name: Mauskopf, Philip
name: Moncelsi, Lorenzo
name: Netterfield, Calvin B.
name: Olmi, Luca
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Patanchon, Guillaume
name: Rex, Marie
name: Scott, Douglas
name: Semisch, Christopher
name: Targett, Tom
name: Thomas, Nicholas
name: Truch, Matthew D. P.
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Tucker, Gregory S.
name: Viero, Marco P.
name: Wiebe, Donald V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified radio and/or mid-infrared counterparts to 198 out of 350 sources detected at >=5 sigma over ~ 9 square degrees centered on the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS) by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) at 250, 350 and 500 um. We have matched 114 of these counterparts to optical sources with previously derived photometric redshifts and fitted SEDs to the BLAST fluxes and fluxes at 70 and 160 um acquired with the Spitzer Space Telescope. In this way, we have constrained dust temperatures, total far-infrared/sub-millimeter luminosities and star formation rates for each source. Our findings show that on average, the BLAST sources lie at significantly lower redshifts and have significantly lower rest-frame dust temperatures compared to submm sources detected in surveys conducted at 850 um. We demonstrate that an apparent increase in dust temperature with redshift in our sample arises as a result of selection effects. Finally, we provide the full multi-wavelength catalog of >= 5 sigma BLAST sources contained within the complete ~ 9 square degree survey area.
description: Published in the Astrophysical Journal: 2009, ApJ, 703, 285. 23 pages, 13 figures. Data available at http://blastexperiment.info
Novel Quantum Criticality in CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ near Absolute Zero Observed by Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction
Creators: name: Yoshida, J.
name: Abe, S.
name: Takahashi, D.
name: Segawa, Y.
name: Komai, Y.
name: Tsujii, H.
name: Matsumoto, K.
name: Suzuki, H.
name: Ōnuki, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements for CeRu$_2$Si$_2$ in magnetic fields up to 52.6 mT and at temperatures down to 1 mK. At high temperatures, this compound showed Landau-Fermi-liquid behavior: The linear thermal expansion coefficient and the magnetostriction coefficient were proportional to the temperature and magnetic field, respectively. In contrast, a pronounced non-Fermi-liquid effect was found below 50 mK. The negative contribution of thermal expansion and magnetostriction suggests the existence of an additional quantum critical point.
Mesozoic evolution of West Antarctica and the Weddell Sea Basin: new paleomagnetic constraints
Creators: name: Grunow, Anne M.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Dalziel, Ian W. D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Paleomagnetic data from the Antarctic Peninsula and our recent results from the Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains block suggest that since the Middle Jurassic these two West Antarctic blocks have undergone little relative movement and together have rotated relative to the East Antarctic craton. New data from Lower Cretaceous rocks from the Thurston Island region of West Antarctica suggest that on the basis of paleomagnetic constraints, the Antarctic Peninsula, Ellsworth-Whitmore Mountains and Thurston Island blocks define a single entity which we call Weddellia; some motion between these blocks is possible within the limits of the paleomagnetic data. Between the Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, Weddellia remained attached to West Gondwanaland while East Antarctica moved southward (dextrally) relative to Weddellia. From the Early Cretaceous to mid-Cretaceous, Weddellia rotated clockwise 30° and moved sinistrally approximately 2500 km relative to East Antarctica, to its present-day position. We suggest the Early to mid-Cretaceous to be the time of the main if not initial opening of the Weddell Sea.
title: Psychological essentialism in the socio-economic domain: integrating social representations theory with the cognition and culture framework
Creators: name: Carter, Neil
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2021

description: Research on psychological essentialism has focused predominantly on either the folk-biological domain or on social categories in which membership is often believed to be genetically determined. Meanwhile, studies of essentialist representations of socio-economic categories are scarce, and have typically been conducted in cultural contexts where meritocratic ideals are pervasive and the subject of social stratification and categorisation on the basis of ‘class’ is less prominent than elsewhere, or by contrast where class categories are confounded with beliefs about ‘caste’ and therefore tend to be explicitly naturalised. However, the concept of ‘Belief in Social Determinism’ as a specifically social or cultural dimension of psychological essentialism has suggested promising avenues for the study of representations of socio-economic categories, particularly in the UK, where ‘class’ remains a salient topic; and though it may seldom be perceived in biological or natural kind terms, it nonetheless often appears to be understood as an ascribed rather than achieved form of category membership or identity. This thesis builds on previous strands of research in cognitive, developmental, social and cultural psychology and cognitive anthropology, in which essentialism is argued to be neither modular nor unitary, but rather a domain-general cognitive bias arising from fundamental psychological mechanisms and comprised of several related but conceptually distinct components. Combining the perspective of Social Representations Theory with the broader Cognition and Culture framework, three studies examine the ways in which these components are invoked in this particular domain and some of the key relationships between them. Study 1 analyses social representations of socio-economic categories and of the potential for movement between them (i.e., social mobility) in the UK public sphere, specifically within 4 the mainstream news media; Study 2 explores experiences of and perspectives on social mobility and socio-economic category membership through semi-structured interviews with socially mobile individuals themselves; and Study 3 tests individuals’ intuitive beliefs about socio-economic categories and the crossing of socio-economic category boundaries with an experimental survey, specifically designed to capture social determinist beliefs. Together these studies provide some compelling evidence of the co-existence of forms of individual and category essentialism in the socio-economic domain in the UK, along with a detailed qualitative insight into examples of social determinist representations that are clearly incongruous with much of the prevailing political rhetoric concerning social mobility.
Engendering Identity: The Discourse of Familial Education in Anne Bradstreet and Marie de l'Incarnation
Creators: name: Hilliker, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: American literature

description: In her American Triptych, Wendy Martin epitomizes the traditional feminist criticism of Anne Bradstreet’s poetry when she identifies “An Author to her Book” as the moment when Bradstreet begins to “view her daily experience as a valid subject for her art.” Martin’s judgment reinforces a division, posited much earlier by Adrienne Rich, between Bradstreet’s early, purportedly masculine and derivative, verse and her later, more successful, domestic poetry. This division, since supported by numerous critics, draws its rhetorical strength from an equation of the vitality of Bradstreet’s later, domestic poems with their putative originality and authenticity, what Rich calls her “personal history [of] marriage, childbearing, [and] death.” Though the intent of such criticism is to claim Bradstreet as a proto-feminist whose work helped to establish female experience as a fit subject for poetry, this reads like a rather more sexist formula: women should write about the private world they know—family and household—rather than the public realm of politics and history.
Geochemical study of the Guichon Creek batholith, British Columbia
Creators: name: Brabec, Dragan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Aqua regia-extractable copper in 330 fresh rock samples from Guichon Creek batholith, B.C., shows a multimodal distribution with values ranging widely from 1 to 1600 ppm. Aqua regia-extractable zinc, as determined in 235 samples, has a much more limited range of values from 5 to 77 ppm. The observed distributions, particularly that of copper, are believed to be a result of the presence of both syngenetic and eplgenetic metal in the batholithic rocks. Trend surfaces computed for copper and zinc show patterns that correlate with the zonal arrangement of major rock phases, with a general decrease in metal values from the marginal Hybrid phase inward. This trend is much better expressed for copper than for zinc. Also, the areas of lowest content of the two metals occur in different rock phases. Mean copper content of the two central phases, Bethlehem and Bethsaida, is significantly lower than the means of other phases at 0.05 t-probability level. Distribution of copper in the granitic rocks, particularly the Hybrid phase, versus relatively copper-low pre-batholithic rocks does not favour the hypothesis that the latter rocks were the source of copper in the batholith. On a regional scale, the central rock phases, containing the main porphyry copper deposits in the area, are the lowest in copper. Therefore, a relatively high copper content of an intrusive phase is not necessarily indicative of its superior ore potential. Zinc in the rocks analysed correlates significantly with magnesium and iron, but such a relationship was not established for copper. Significant correlation between the metal contents and the mineral modes was found only for the pair whole-rock zinc - biotlte mode. The proportion of total copper extractable by the acid attack is considerably higher than that of zinc. All these relations, as well as the distribution of copper among rock-forming minerals, Indicate that the two metals differ in their form of occurrence. Copper and sulphur are correlated significantly only when epigenetic metal is present, that is at concentrations above 150 ppm Cu. By comparison with other intrusions composed of similar rock types, the granitic rocks of Guichon Creek batholith are higher in copper and mercury, but lower in zinc and possibly lead and sulphur.
Incipient Formation of an Electron Lattice in a Weakly-Confined Quantum Wire
Creators: name: Hew, W. K.
name: Thomas, K. J.
name: Pepper, M.
name: Farrer, I.
name: Anderson, D.
name: Jones, G. A. C.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the low-temperature transport properties of 1D quantum wires as the confinement strength V_conf and the carrier density n_1D are varied using a combination of split gates and a top gate in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. At intermediate V_conf and n_1D, we observe a jump in conductance to 4e^2/h, suggesting a double wire. On further reducing n_1D, plateau at 2e^2/h returns. Our results show beginnings of the formation of an electron lattice in an interacting quasi-1D quantum wire. In the presence of an in-plane magnetic field, mixing of spin-aligned levels of the two wires gives rise to more complex states.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Decoupling of As and Fe release to Bangladesh groundwater under reducing conditions. Part I: Evidence from sediment profiles
Creators: name: Horneman, Allan H.
name: Van Geen, Alexander
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Mathe, P. E.
name: Zheng, Yan
name: Dhar, R. K.
name: O'Connell, Suzanne B.
name: Hoque, M. A.
name: Aziz, Zahid
name: Shamsudduha, M.
name: Seddique, A. A.
name: Ahmed, K. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Hydrology
subject: Groundwater--Arsenic content
subject: Aquifers

description: This study reexamines the notion that extensive As mobilization in anoxic groundwater of Bangladesh is intimately linked to the dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxides on the basis of analyses performed on a suite of freshly collected samples of aquifer material. Detailed sediment profiles extending to 40 to 70 m depth below the surface were obtained at six sites where local groundwater As concentrations were known to span a wide range. The sediment properties that were measured include (1) the proportion of Fe(II) in the Fe fraction leached in hot 1.2 N HCl, (2) diffuse spectral reflectance, and (3) magnetic susceptibility. In parallel with local concentrations of dissolved As ranging from <5 to 600 μg/L, Fe(II)/Fe ratios in shallow (gray) Holocene sands tended to gradually increase with depth from values of 0.3 to 0.5 to up to 0.9. In deeper (orange) aquifers of presumed Pleistocene age that were separated from shallow sands by a clay layer and contained <5 μg/L dissolved As, leachable Fe(II)/Fe ratios averaged ∼0.2. There was no consistent relation between sediment Fe(II)/Fe and dissolved Fe concentrations in groundwater in nearby wells. The reflectance measurements indicate a systematic linear relation (R2 of 0.66; n = 151) between the first derivative transform of the reflectance at 520 nm and Fe(II)/Fe. The magnetic susceptibility of the shallow aquifer sands ranged from 200 to 3600 (x 10−9 m3/kg SI) and was linearly related (R2 of 0.75; n = 29) to the concentrations of minerals that could be magnetically separated (0.03 to 0.79% dry weight). No systematic depth trends in magnetic susceptibility were observed within the shallow sands, although the susceptibility of deeper low-As aquifers was low (up to ∼200 × 10−9 m3/kg SI). This set of observations, complemented by incubation results described in a companion paper by van Geen et al. (this volume), suggests that the release of As is linked to the transformation of predominantly Fe (III) oxyhydroxide coatings on sand particles to Fe(II) or mixed Fe(II/III) solid phases with a flatter reflectance spectrum such as siderite, vivianite, or magnetite, without necessarily resulting in the release of Fe to groundwater. The very low As/Fe ratio of magnetically separated minerals compared to the As/Fe of bulk acid leachate (2 vs. 40 10−6, respectively) suggests that such a transformation could be accompanied by a significant redistribution of As to a mobilizable phase on the surface of aquifer particles.
Stability of anhysteretic remanent magnetization in fine and coarse magnetite and maghemite particles
Creators: name: Johnson, H. P.
name: Lowrie, William
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geomorphology

description: Further experiments have been performed to investigate the biasing-field dependency of alternating field demagnetization curves of anhysteretic remanent magnetization as a simple test for the domain state of magnetite and maghemite particles. The biasing-field dependency in fine-grained particles was opposite to that in coarse-grained particles. The experiments were conducted on well sized synthetic specimens in the single domain, pseudo-single domain and multi-domain grain size ranges. A single domain-like biasing-field dependency was observed in equidimensional particles up to 0.2µ mean grain size and up to 0.4µ elongated grains. Either the single domain/pseudo-single domain boundary lies above at least 0.2µ grain size or this field dependency test does not distinguish between single domain and pseudo-single domain states. A multidomainlike trend was observed in very coarse magnetite. The test may possibly distinguish the change from pseudo-single domain to multi-domain states. If both fine and coarse fractions are present a confusing overlap of the demagnetization curves occurs.
Chemical abundances for 11 bulge stars from high-resolution, near-IR spectra
Creators: name: Ryde, N.
name: Gustafsson, B.
name: Edvardsson, B.
name: Melendez, J.
name: Alves-Brito, A.
name: Asplund, M.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Hill, V.
name: Kaufl, H. U.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Ortolani, S.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Zoccali, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is debated whether the Milky Way bulge has the characteristics of a classical bulge sooner than those of a pseudobulge. Detailed abundance studies of bulge stars is a key to investigate the origin, history, and classification of the bulge. The aim is to add to the discussion on the origin of the bulge and to study detailed abundances determined from near-IR spectra for bulge giants already investigated with optical spectra, the latter also providing the stellar parameters which are very significant for the results of the present study. Especially, the important CNO elements are better determined in the near-IR. High-resolution, near-infrared spectra in the H band are recorded using the CRIRES spectrometer on the Very Large Telescope. The CNO abundances can all be determined from the numerous molecular lines in the wavelength range observed. Abundances of the alpha elements are also determined from the near-IR spectra. [O/Fe], [Si/Fe] and [S/Fe] are enhanced up to metallicities of at least [Fe/H]=-0.3, after which they decline. This suggests that the Milky Way bulge experienced a rapid and early star-formation history like that of a classical bulge. However, a similarity between the bulge trend and the trend of the local thick disk seems present. Such a similarity could suggest that the bulge has a pseudobulge origin. Our [C/Fe] trend does not show any increase with [Fe/H] which could have been expected if W-R stars have contributed substantially to the C abundances. No "cosmic scatter" can be traced around our observed abundance trends; the scatter found is expected, given the observational uncertainties.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Cooling rate effects on paleointensity estimates in submarine basaltic glass and implications for dating young flows
Creators: name: Bowles, Julie
name: Gee, Jeffrey S.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Bergmanis, Eric
name: Sinton, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Cooling rate effects on the intensity of thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) have been well documented in ceramics. In that case, laboratory cooling is generally more rapid than the initial cooling, leading to an overestimate of the paleofield by 5-10% in Thellier-type paleointensity experiments. The reverse scenario, however, has never been tested. We examine the effects of cooling rate on paleointensity estimates from rapidly quenched submarine basaltic glass (SBG) samples from 13 sites at 17°30'-18°30'S on the East Pacific Rise. Absolute cooling rates determined by relaxation geospeedometry at five of these sites range from ~10 to ~330°C min⁻¹ at the glass transition (~650°C). Over the dominant range of remanence blocking temperatures (~200-400°C), the natural cooling rates are approximately equal to or slightly slower than the laboratory cooling rates during the Thellier experiment. These results suggest that while the cooling rate effect might introduce some within-site scatter, it should not result in a systematic bias in paleointensity from SBG. Paleointensity estimates from the 15 sites range from ~29 to 59μT, with an average standard error of ~1μT. Comparison with models of geomagnetic field intensity variations at the site indicate the youngest group of samples is very recent (indistinguishable from present-day) and the oldest is at least 500, and probably several thousand, years old. These age estimates are consistent with available radiometric ages and geologic observations.
Grain-size-dependent paleointensity results from very recent mid-oceanic ridge basalts
Creators: name: Carlut, Julie
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We report paleointensity analyses on a suite of four samples from two axial zero-age mid-oceanic ridge basalt flows from the East Pacific Rise. Paleointensity experiments have been performed on several profiles, each consisting of a batch of small (millimeter scale) subsamples going from the rapidly cooled glassy margin to the interior. The Coe version of the Thellier double-heating procedure was used with back checks performed after every other heating step. Most of the samples show very good behavior, i.e., constant ratio between the lost and acquired magnetization through a large temperature range (quality factor usually above 10) and positive checks, which lead to unambiguous paleointensity determinations. Paleointensities obtained on glasses reported here and in a previously published study are very consistent and reproducible and in agreement with expected in situ values of Earth's magnetic field intensity. However, results found within the crystalline part of the samples show values that are considerably (up to 50%) higher than expected. These variations seem to be correlated with the cooling history of the samples and appear to be universal since all samples exhibit the same intriguing pattern. An extensive study of magnetic properties allows us to link this incongruent behavior to (1) the presence of multidomain effects and (2) the cooling rate difference between laboratory experiments and in situ cooling.
Breast cancer diagnosis using artificial neural networks
Creators: name: Chen, C
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Breast Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases for women. Mammography is an effective method in early detection. However, there are difficulties in accurate analysis of some mammogram images. Therefore, a method of data analysis using artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been developed. In this thesis, the performances on the Wisconsin breast cancer data (WBCD) of three different neural network models: Multi-layer neural networks (MLPs), Trigonometric Neural Networks (TNNs), and Exponential Neural Networks (ENNs) are examined. These models are based on a back propagation algorithm, with different activation functions. The activation function is one of most factors to influence the performance of ANNs. The purpose of thesis is to test the hypothesis that the performance of TNNs and TNNs on breast cancer dataset is better than MLPs. The strategic experiments are implemented. The overall performances of three models are evaluated and discussed through an analysis of four aspects of testing results: correctness rate, root mean squared error, training speed and misclassification cost. Moreover, from the testing results, the basis of further work is formed.