Umbrella Review Exercise, Brain, Cognition
Creators: name: Holgado, Darias
name: Sanabria, Daniel
name: Vadillo, Miguel
name: Luque-Casado, Antonio
name: Ciria, Luis
name: Perakakis, Pandelis
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology
subject: Exercise Science
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Cognition and Perception
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In this project we aim to systematically review, summarise and appraise findings of published meta-analyses that examined the effects of chronic exercise on cognition. We will follow the PROSPERO template in order to register this project. 1. * Review title. An umbrella review of the effects of exercise training interventions on cognition 2. Original language title. English 3. * Anticipated or actual start date. The literature search will start in June 4. * Anticipated completion date. December 2020 5. * Stage of review at time of this submission. The review has not yet started. 6. * Named contact. Darías Holgado Email salutation (e.g. "Dr Smith" or "Joanne") for correspondence: Dr. Holgado 7. * Named contact email. dariashn@gmail.com 8. Named contact address Corresponding Authors: 9. Named contact phone number. Give the telephone number for the named contact, including international dialling code. +34958247875 10. * Organisational affiliation of the review. Universidad de Granada; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Universidad de Málaga Organisation web address: https://www.ugr.es/ 11. * Review team members and their organisational affiliations. Dr. Darías Holgado. No affiliation Dr. Miguel A. Vadillo. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. España. Dr. Daniel Sanabria. Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Universidad de Granada, España. Dr. Pandelis Perakakis. Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada Dr. Antonio Luque-Casado. Centro de Estudios del Deporte. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Dr. Luis F. Ciria. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad de Málaga. España. Departamento de Psicología Básica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. España. 12. * Funding sources/sponsors. ‘Juan de la Cierva’ postdoctoral grant from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades’ (FJCI-2016-28405) to Antonio Luque-Casado Grants PSI2017-85159-P (AEI / FEDER, UE) and 2016-T1/SOC-1395 (Comunidad de Madrid, Programa de Atracción de Talento Investigador) to Miguel A. Vadillo. 13. * Conflicts of interest. None 14. Collaborators. None 15. * Review question. Participants will be included according to PICOS criteria. Population: healthy participants of all ages Intervention: physical exercise training programs comprising several sessions (i.e. non-acute intervention) Comparison: active control or non-active control participants Outcome: Effects of physical exercise training on cognition Study designs: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials 16. * Searches. Database: Scopus; Medline. Additionally, we will search for grey literature in Google Scholar and Proquest Keywords: ("physical exercise" OR "chronic exercise" OR "regular exercise" OR "physical activity" OR sport ) AND ( "executive function" OR "executive functions" OR memory OR cognition OR cognitive OR brain ) AND ( meta-analysis OR metaanalysis)) Date: from any time to June 2020 Language: English 17. URL to search strategy. Do not make this file publicly available until the review is complete 18. * Condition or domain being studied. We will study the effect of chronic physical exercise training programs on cognitive functions. We will conduct an umbrella review of all meta-analyses published to date to explore the distribution of effect sizes. 19. * Participants/population. Participants will be healthy male or female. No age limit will be set. Participants with any medical condition and acute exercise intervention (i.e., only one session) will be excluded. 20. * Intervention(s), exposure(s). The effect of physical exercise training on cognition. We will analyze quantitatively the effect size of these interventions from all meta-analysis published to date in an umbrella review of meta-analyses. 21. * Comparator(s)/control. The control condition will be an active or non-active (waiting list) group involved in an activity of similar duration than that of the experimental group. 22. * Types of study to be included. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials published in a peer-reviewed journal. 24. * Main outcome(s). The main outcomes will be measures of improvement in cognition 25. * Additional outcome(s). List the pre-specified additional outcomes of the review, with a similar level of detail to that required for main outcomes. Where there are no additional outcomes please state ‘None’ or ‘Not applicable’ as appropriate to the review Additional outcomes might be academic performance in children, brain morphology, and brain function 26. * Data extraction (selection and coding). From each meta-analysis, we will extract the following information: Authors and year of publication, duration of exercise program (e.g., mean and SD), age population, pooled and average number of participants, number of studies included, type of exercise program, exercise intensity, cognitive outcomes, pooled effect size (lower and upper limit), p-value, heterogeneity (e.g. I2), publication bias analysis (type and outcome), quality assessment (e.g. PEDRo scale o RoB), moderators, Darías Holgado and Luis Ciria will extract the information from the studies. If any data is missing in the original manuscript, we will contact the corresponding author to obtain the information. 27. * Risk of bias (quality) assessment. Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) principles. 28. * Strategy for data synthesis. We will calculate descriptive for the data synthesis of the umbrella review. 29. * Analysis of subgroups or subsets. We will analyze if the included meta-analyses tested several moderators which might explain a significant proportion of the heterogeneity in effect sizes, for example: Age of participants Type of outcome: any measure of cognitive performance (e.g., working memory, inhibition, etc.). Duration of the exercise training program Exercise type and intensity of the experimental group Type of control condition 30. * Type and method of review. Type of review: Umbrella review of meta-analyses 31. Language. English 32. Country. Spain 34. Reference and/or URL for published protocol. Data for analysis and protocol will be free available in the following link: https://osf.io/e9zqf/ Do you intend to publish the review on completion? Yes 35. Dissemination plans. We will submit the review and meta-analysis to peer-review journal and in open-access repositories. 36. Keywords. Cognition; exercise; physical activity; cognition; brain; chronic exercise 37. Details of any existing review of the same topic by the same authors. Chen, F., Etnier, J.L., Chan, K. et al. Effects of Exercise Training Interventions on Executive Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01292-x Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Pühse, U. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating moderators of long-term effects of exercise on cognition in healthy individuals. Nat Hum Behav (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0851-8 38. * Current review status. Review_Ongoing 39. Any additional information. None