cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Surface wave phase velocities of the Western United States from a two-station method
Creators: name: Foster, Anna
name: Ekström, Göran
name: Nettles, Meredith K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We calculate two-station phase measurements using single-station measurements made on USArray Transportable Array data for surface waves at periods from 25 to 100 s. The phase measurements are inverted for baseline Love and Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid. We make estimates of the arrival angle for each event at each station using a mini array method similar to beamforming, and apply this information to correct the geometry of the two-station measurements. These corrected measurements are inverted for an additional set of phase velocity maps. Arrival angles range from 0° to ±15°, and the associated corrections result in local changes of up to 4 per cent in the final phase velocity maps. We select our preferred models on the basis of the internal consistency of the measurements, finding that the arrival-angle corrections improve the two-station phase measurements, but that Love wave arrival-angle estimates may be contaminated by overtone interference. Our preferred models compare favourably with recent studies of the phase velocity of the Western United States. The corrected Rayleigh wave models achieve greater variance reduction than the baseline Rayleigh wave models, and the baseline Love wave models, which are more difficult to obtain, are robust and could be used in conjunction with the Rayleigh wave models to constrain radially anisotropic earth structure.
FastGeodis: Fast Generalised Geodesic Distance Transform
Creators: name: Asad, Muhammad
name: Dorent, Reuben
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The FastGeodis package provides an efficient implementation for computing Geodesic and Euclidean distance transforms (or a mixture of both), targeting efficient utilisation of CPU and GPU hardware. In particular, it implements the paralellisable raster scan method from Criminisi et al. (2009), where elements in a row (2D) or plane (3D) can be computed with parallel threads. This package is able to handle 2D as well as 3D data, where it achieves up to a 20x speedup on a CPU and up to a 74x speedup on a GPU as compared to an existing open-source library (Wang, 2020) that uses a non-parallelisable single-thread CPU implementation. The performance speedups reported here were evaluated using 3D volume data on an Nvidia GeForce Titan X (12 GB) with a 6-Core Intel Xeon E5-1650 CPU. Further in-depth comparison of performance improvements are discussed in the FastGeodis documentation: https://fastgeodis.readthedocs.io
description: Accepted at Journal of Open Source Software (JOSS)
On the uniqueness of supersymmetric AdS$_5$ black holes with toric symmetry
Creators: name: Lucietti, James
name: Ntokos, Praxitelis
name: Ovchinnikov, Sergei G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the classification of supersymmetric AdS$_5$ black hole solutions to minimal gauged supergravity that admit a torus symmetry. This problem reduces to finding a class of toric Kähler metrics on the base space, which in symplectic coordinates are determined by a symplectic potential. We derive the general form of the symplectic potential near any component of the horizon or axis of symmetry, which determines its singular part for any black hole solution in this class, including possible new solutions such as black lenses and multi-black holes. We find that the most general known black hole solution in this context, found by Chong, Cvetic, Lü and Pope (CCLP), is described by a remarkably simple symplectic potential. We prove that any supersymmetric and toric solution that is timelike outside a smooth horizon, with a Kähler base metric of Calabi type, must be the CCLP black hole solution or its near-horizon geometry.
description: 41 pages, 3 figures. v2: typos fixed, published version
Modeling record-breaking stock prices
Creators: name: Wergen, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the statistics of record-breaking events in daily stock prices of 366 stocks from the Standard and Poors 500 stock index. Both the record events in the daily stock prices themselves and the records in the daily returns are discussed. In both cases we try to describe the record statistics of the stock data with simple theoretical models. The daily returns are compared to i.i.d. RV's and the stock prices are modeled using a biased random walk, for which the record statistics are known. These models agree partly with the behavior of the stock data, but we also identify several interesting deviations. Most importantly, the number of records in the stocks appears to be systematically decreased in comparison with the random walk model. Considering the autoregressive AR(1) process, we can predict the record statistics of the daily stock prices more accurately. We also compare the stock data with simulations of the record statistics of the more complicated GARCH(1,1) model, which, in combination with the AR(1) model, gives the best agreement with the observational data. To better understand our findings, we discuss the survival and first-passage times of stock prices on certain intervals and analyze the correlations between the individual record events. After recapitulating some recent results for the record statistics of ensembles of N stocks, we also present some new observations for the weekly distributions of record events.
description: 20 pages, 28 figures
Integrated Resource Management
Creators: name: Wohlgemuth, Kurt
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: Integrated Resource Management (IRM) has been defined as "a management system which integrates people and technology to manage resources in order to obtain a projected level of profits in a given livestock enterprise (or business)." (1) Basic elements of IRM are: a. People: Rancher, Manager Technical experts (veterinarian, nutritionist, engineer, etc ... ) Financial experts Extension personnel b. Technology base: Research data c. Economic consideration: Profit vs loss
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
Direct Returns from IRM Implementation in Beef Practice
Creators: name: Walker, Jack
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: I have been involved in IRM for the last seven years, both as a practicing veterinarian participating in local producer projects and as co-chairman of the Idaho IRM program. This involvement has given me the opportunity to see various types of IRM programs across the country, and I am very excited about the potential benefits for both veterinary medicine and the livestock industry. I would like to share with you my thoughts on the IRM concept and how our profession can function within IRM. I encourage each of you to become involved in your state's programs and judge for yourselves the value of IRM.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
The spins of stripped B stars support magnetic internal angular momentum transport
Creators: name: Schürmann, C.
name: Langer, N.
name: Xu, X.
name: Wang, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to predict the spins of stellar remnants we need to understand the evolution of the internal rotation of stars, and to identify at which stage the rotation of the contracting cores of evolved stars decouples from their expanding envelopes. The donor stars of mass transferring binaries lose almost their entire envelope and may thus offer a direct view on their core rotation. After the mass transfer event they contract and fade rapidly, although they are well observable when caught in the short-lived B-star phase. The B-type primary of the galactic binary system LB-1, which was originally suggested to contain a massive black hole, is nicely explained as a stripped star accompanied by a fainter Be star. The narrow absorption lines in the primary's spectrum signify extremely slow rotation, atypical of B-type main-sequence stars. Here we investigate the evolution of mass donors in generic grids of detailed binary evolution models, where both stars include differential rotation, internal angular momentum transport, and spin-orbit coupling. Whereas the mass gainers are typically spun-up during the mass transfer, we find that the spins of the stripped donor models depend sensitively on the employed mechanism for internal angular momentum transport. Purely hydrodynamic transport cannot explain the observed slow rotation, while models including magnetic angular momentum transport are able to reproduce the observed rotation of LB-1 and similar stars, independent of the initial rotation rate. In such models the spin of the white dwarfs that emerge at the end of the evolution is independent of the mass stripping. We find evidence that the mass transfer in LB-1 was moderately non-conservative.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Experience with an Established and on-going IRM Program in the Midwest
Creators: name: Hudson, Don
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: A major effort in Integrated Reproductive Management (IRM) began at the University of Nebraska under the Cooperative Extension Service and the Agricultural Research Division in 1983. Research in cow/calf systems modeling and reproductive management was developed and continues. Extension developed a five year demonstration herd project. A steering committee composed of beef producers, University extension specialists and researchers, and researchers from USDA (MARC) assembled to help guide the project. In February of 1984, the steering committee selected 9 cow/calf producers to cooperate as demonstration herds from 80 nominated by agricultural agents and veterinarians across Nebraska. Selected herds had resources "typical" of their respective areas. An IRM team was developed for each cooperator composed of the local agricultural extension agent, an extension beef specialist, the veterinarian used by the cooperator, other university and non-university personnel (producer, industry representative) and the technical coordinator. The IRM team analyzed the cow/calf enterprise and recommended alternative management practices for the producer to consider that would optimize use of the available resources and increase reproductive efficiency. Production information on the cow/calf enterprise was collected beginning in 1984 and ended in 1988. Financial inputs and feed used by the cow/calf enterprise were collected in 1987 and 1988 for enterprise evaluation. This information was used to monitor changes in the cow/calf enterprise of cooperating herds. On average, percent calves weaned of females exposed increased 11.5 percentage points between 1984 and 1988. Actual and adjusted weaning weights increased 93 and 100 pounds, respectively, over the 5 years. Pounds of calf weaned per cow exposed increased 139 pounds between 1984 and 1988. Net cost per calf weaned in 1987 and 1988 was $.73 and $.74, respectively, for low cost producers and $.99 and $.92 for high cost producers. Eight field days were held to discuss IRM concepts and profitable management practices. Numerous news articles, radio tapes, proceedings, extension publications, and educational meetings were developed using information collected in the IRM demonstration herd project. A cow/calf record-keeping program (PC-COWCARD) for microcomputer was develop~d and made available commercially to producers. Cooperators "integrated" recommendations made by agents, specialists, veterinarians, nutritionists, lenders, ..... into a working management practice for their resources.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
The Green function for the mixed problem for the linear Stokes system in domains in the plane
Creators: name: Ott, K. A.
name: Kim, S.
name: Brown, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J25, 35Q35

description: We construct the Green function for the mixed boundary value problem for the linear Stokes system in a two-dimensional Lipschitz domain.
description: 19 pages
Performance Incentives to Improve Community College Completion: Learning from Washington State's Student Achievement Initiative
Creators: name: Shulock, Nancy
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In 2007, Washington State launched an innovative performance incentive policy for community colleges, called the Student Achievement Initiative (SAI). The SAI is uses data and performance funding to motivate colleges to implement systemic changes that will improve student outcomes. The SAI’s model seeks to address some of the shortcomings of previous state higher education performance incentive policies, and has attracted interest from policymakers and funders nationally. This brief draws on early observations from our ongoing evaluation of the SAI, and research on performance funding policies in other states, to inform states about using state policy levers to meet ambitious state and national goals for college attainment. The brief calls particular attention to a number of policy choices that the Washington community and technical college system faced as it designed and began to implement the SAI across its 34 colleges. These are choices that policymakers and college leaders will have to confront should they design and enact performance incentive policies in their own states.
Effectiveness of Fully Online Courses for College Students: Response to a Department of Education Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Jaggars, Shanna
name: Bailey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Proponents of postsecondary online education were recently buoyed by a meta-analysis sponsored by the U.S. Department of Education suggesting that, in many cases, student learning outcomes in online courses are superior to those in traditional face-to-face courses. This finding does not hold, however, for the studies included in the meta-analysis that pertain to fully online, semester-length college courses; among these studies, there is no trend in favor of the online course mode. What is more, these studies consider courses that were taken by relatively well-prepared university students, so their results may not generalize to traditionally underserved populations. Therefore, while advocates argue that online learning is a promising means to increase access to college and to improve student progression through higher education programs, the Department of Education report does not present evidence that fully online delivery produces superior learning outcomes for typical college courses, particularly among low-income and academically underprepared students. Indeed some evidence beyond the meta-analysis suggests that, without additional supports, online learning may even undercut progression among low-income and academically underprepared students.
Reversible dynamics of single quantum emitters near metal-dielectric interfaces
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Tudela, A.
name: Huidobro, P. A.
name: Martin-Moreno, L.
name: Tejedor, C.
name: Garcia-Vidal, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present a systematic study of the dynamics of a single quantum emitter near a flat metal-dielectric interface. We identify the key elements that determine the onset of reversibility in these systems by using a formalism suited for absorbing media and through an exact integration of the dynamics. Moreover, when the quantum emitter separation from the surface is small, we are able to describe the dynamics within a pseudomode description that yields analytical understanding and allows more powerful calculations.
Observation of a charged (DD*bar)- mass peak in e+e- --> pi+ (DD*bar)- at Ecm=4.26 GeV
Creators: name: Ablikim, M.
name: Achasov, M. N.
name: Albayrak, O.
name: Ambrose, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a study of the process e+e- --> pi+(D D*bar)- at Ecm=4.26 GeV using a 525 /pb data sample collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring. A distinct charged structure is observed in the (DD*bar)- invariant mass distribution. When fitted to a mass-dependent-width Breit-Wigner lineshape, the pole mass and width are determined to be M_pole=(3883.9 +- 1.5 +- 4.2) MeV and Gamma_pole=(24.8 +- 3.3 +- 11.0) MeV. The mass and width of the structure, which we refer to as Z_c(3885), are 2sigma and 1sigma, respectively, below those of the Z_c(3900) --> pi+J/psi peak observed by BESIII and Belle in pi+pi-J/psi final states produced at the same center-of-mass energy. The angular distribution of the pi Z_c(3885) system favors a JP=1+ quantum number assignment for the structure and disfavors 1- or 0-. The Born cross section times the DD*bar branching fraction of the Z_(3885) is measured to be sigma(e+e- --> pi+ Z_c(3885)-) x Bf(Z_c(3885)-->DD*bar)=(83.5 +-6.6 +- 22.0) pb. Assuming the Z_c(3885) --> DD*bar signal reported here and the Z_c(3900) --> pi J/psi signal are from the same source, the partial width ratio Gamma(Z_c(3885) --> DD*bar)/Gamma(Z_c(3900) -->pi J/psi)=6.2 +- 1.1 +- 2.7 is determined.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures and 3 tables, submitted for publication in Physical Review Letters, references added
Emergence of charge order from the vortex state of a high temperature superconductor
Creators: name: Wu, T.
name: Mayaffre, H.
name: Kramer, S.
name: Horvatic, M.
name: Berthier, C.
name: Kuhns, P. L.
name: Reyes, A. P.
name: Liang, R.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Julien, M. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evidence is mounting that charge order competes with superconductivity in high Tc cuprates. Whether this has any relationship to the pairing mechanism is unknown since neither the universality of the competition nor its microscopic nature has been established. Here using nuclear magnetic resonance, we show that, similar to La214, charge order in YBCO has maximum strength inside the superconducting dome, at doping levels p = 0.11 - 0.12.We further show that the overlap of halos of incipient charge order around vortex cores, similar to those visualised in Bi2212, can explain the threshold magnetic field at which long-range charge order emerges. These results reveal universal features of a competition in which charge order and superconductivity appear as joint instabilities of the same normal state, whose relative balance can be field-tuned in the vortex state.
description: For a final version, see http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2013/130703/ncomms3113/full/ncomms3113.html
Developmental Education in Community Colleges
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Cho, Sung-Woo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Developmental students face tremendous barriers. Less than one quarter of community college students who enroll in developmental education complete a degree or certificate within eight years of enrollment. In comparison, almost 40 percent of community college students who do not enroll in any developmental education course complete college in the same time period. To meet the Obama administration's goal of increasing the number of community college graduates by 5 million by 2020, it is necessary to significantly improve outcomes for underprepared community college students.   In this brief, the authors review evidence about the effectiveness of developmental education and provide information about the progression of students through developmental sequences. The authors then discuss problems associated with the assessments used to assign students to developmental courses, and briefly review costs. Finally, they describe three initiatives designed to improve the performance of remedial services.
Optical and magnetic properties of ZnCoO layers
Creators: name: Godlewski, M.
name: Łukasiewicz, M. I.
name: Guziewicz, E.
name: Ivanov, V. Yu.
name: Owczarczyk, Ł.
name: Witkowski, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical and magneto-optical properties of ZnCoO films grown at low temperature by Atomic Layer Deposition are discussed. Strong wide band absorption, with onset at about 2.4 eV, is observed in ZnCoO in addition to Co-related intra-shell transitions. This absorption band is related to Co 2+ to 3+ photo-ionization transition. A strong photoluminescence (PL) quenching is observed, which we relate to Co recharging in ZnO lattice. Mechanisms of PL quenching are discussed.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 44 refereces, original paper
Community College and High School Partnerships
Creators: name: Barnett, Elisabeth
name: Hughes, Katherine Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This policy brief, prepared for the White House Summit on Community Colleges, reviews partnerships between community colleges and high schools that can help students succeed in college.  These partnerships tend to focus support in the following areas: Enrollment in college – Colleges work with high schools on programs, such as dual enrollment, that help students view college matriculation as an option. College readiness at enrollment – Colleges and high schools work together to ensure students are  prepared have both the academic and non-academic skills necessary to succeed in college. Persistence in college – Colleges and high schools work together on programs which can smooth students’ transition from high school to college, and diminish withdrawal rates in the first year. The policy brief describes the various college-high school partnership models, and concludes with a short discussion of policy and funding considerations.
COPER: Continuous Patient State Perceiver
Creators: name: Chauhan, Vinod Kumar
name: Thakur, Anshul
name: O'Donoghue, Odhran
name: Clifton, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In electronic health records (EHRs), irregular time-series (ITS) occur naturally due to patient health dynamics, reflected by irregular hospital visits, diseases/conditions and the necessity to measure different vitals signs at each visit etc. ITS present challenges in training machine learning algorithms which mostly are built on assumption of coherent fixed dimensional feature space. In this paper, we propose a novel COntinuous patient state PERceiver model, called COPER, to cope with ITS in EHRs. COPER uses Perceiver model and the concept of neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to learn the continuous time dynamics of patient state, i.e., continuity of input space and continuity of output space. The neural ODEs help COPER to generate regular time-series to feed to Perceiver model which has the capability to handle multi-modality large-scale inputs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, we use in-hospital mortality prediction task on MIMIC-III dataset and carefully design experiments to study irregularity. The results are compared with the baselines which prove the efficacy of the proposed model.
description: 2 figures; presented in IEEE International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (IEEE BHI-2022)
Plasmonic Brownian ratchet
Creators: name: Huidobro, Paloma A.
name: Ota, Sadao
name: Yang, Xiaodong
name: Yin, Xiaobo
name: Garcia-Vidal, F. J.
name: Zhang, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present a Brownian ratchet based on plasmonic interactions. By periodically turning on and off a laser beam that illuminates a periodic array of plasmonic nanostructures with broken spatial symmetry, the random thermal motion of a subwavelength dielectric bead is rectified into one direction. By means of the Molecular Dynamics technique we show a statistical directed drift in particle flow.
The Mordell-Lang Question for Endomorphisms of Semiabelian Varieties
Creators: name: Ghioca, Dragos
name: Tucker, Thomas J.
name: Zieve, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Mordell-Lang conjecture describes the intersection of a finitely generated subgroup with a closed subvariety of a semiabelian variety. Equivalently, this conjecture describes the intersection of closed subvarieties with the set of images of the origin under a finitely generated semigroup of translations. We study the analogous question in which the translations are replaced by algebraic group endomorphisms (and the origin is replaced by another point). We show that the conclusion of the Mordell-Lang conjecture remains true in this setting if either (1) the semiabelian variety is simple, (2) the semiabelian variety is $A^2$, where $A$ is a one-dimensional semiabelian variety, (3) the subvariety is a connected one-dimensional algebraic subgroup, or (4) each endomorphism has diagonalizable Jacobian at the origin. We also give examples showing that the conclusion fails if we make slight modifications to any of these hypotheses.
AA stacking, tribological and electronic properties of double-layer graphene with krypton spacer
Creators: name: Popov, Andrey M.
name: Lebedeva, Irina V.
name: Knizhnik, Andrey A.
name: Lozovik, Yurii E.
name: Potapkin, Boris V.
name: Poklonski, Nikolai A.
name: Siahlo, Andrei. I.
name: Vyrko, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural, energetic and tribological characteristics of double-layer graphene with commensurate and incommensurate krypton spacers of nearly monolayer coverage are studied within the van der Waals-corrected density functional theory. It is shown that when the spacer is in the commensurate phase, the graphene layers have the AA stacking. For this phase, the barriers to relative in-plane translational and rotational motion and the shear mode frequency of the graphene layers are calculated. For the incommensurate phase, both of the barriers are found to be negligibly small. A considerable change of tunneling conductance between the graphene layers separated by the commensurate krypton spacer at their relative subangstrom displacement is revealed by the use of the Bardeen method. The possibility of nanoelectromechanical systems based on the studied tribological and electronic properties of the considered heterostructures is discussed.
Reproduction and Maternal Characteristics of Diverse Breeds of Cattle used for Beef production
Creators: name: Cundiff, Larry V.
name: Gregory, Keith E.
name: Koch, Robert M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: Grading up or straightbreeding to Shorthorns, Herefords and Angus was the dominant system employed in beef production from the late 1800's until the 1960's in the United States. Although most cattlemen had their favorite breed, the adage that "there is more variation within breeds than between breeds" was generally accepted as a truism among beef cattle breeders throughout this period. As, Lush1 pointed out, stockmen were misled by this attitude into believing that genetic differences between breeds were "not real after all" or at least not very important. Recognition of the importance of heterosis (difference between mean for F1 crosses and mean for parental breeds) from diallel crossing experiments conducted in the 1960's and interest in increasing output components fo beef production, stimulated interest in crossbreeding to breeds with greater genetic potential for milk production, growth rate and mature size. As a result, a large number of breeds, introduced from Europe via quarantine facilities in Canada, became available to North American beef producers. Interest in the newly introduced breeds and in other breeds previously considered only for dairying coincided with the establishment of the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) in the late 1960's. The Germ Plasm Evaluation (GPE) Program was initiated in 1969 at MARC to characterize a broad spectrum of breeds that differed widely in genetic potential for growth rate, milk production, carcass composition and mature size. The purpose of this paper is to review results from the GPE program concerning genetic variation among breeds relative to that within breeds for reproduction and maternal traits important to beef production.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
A Composite Model of Quarks and Bosons
Creators: name: Moffat, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A composite model of quarks and bosons is proposed in which a spin $1/2$ isospin doublet $ψ$ is the basic building block of quarks and bosons in the standard model. The $ψ$ has two components $v$ and $w$ with charges $Q=\frac{1}{3}e$ and $Q=0$, respectively, that combine to form the three generations of colored quark flavors. A strong force described by a triplet of massless gluons bind the constituents called geminis. The confining constituent non-Abelian $SU(2)_C$ field theory is called constituent dynamics with a confining energy scale $Λ_{CD}$. The constituent dynamics condensate $\langle\bar{v}v+\bar{w}w\rangle\neq 0$ spontaneously breaks the electroweak symmetry $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y\rightarrow U(1)_{\rm EM}$ and a triplet of Nambu-Goldstone bosons make the gauge bosons $W^{\pm}$ and $Z^0$ massive, while retaining a massless photon. A global custodial $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R$ symmetry guarantees that the symmetry breaking in the weak interaction sector agrees with electroweak data. The non-Abelian $SU(2)_C$ color dynamics satisfies asymptotic freedom, which resolves the gauge and Higgs mass hierarchy problems and makes the model ultraviolet complete. The composite constituent dynamics model can realize a $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ electroweak and strong interaction model that satisfies the naturalness principle. The three generations of colorless quarks $α$ and $β$ with charges $Q=+1e$ and $Q=0$, respectively, which are predicted to exist in the composite model can form bound states which can be identified with the spectrum of exotic mesons.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Blackbox Attacks via Surrogate Ensemble Search
Creators: name: Cai, Zikui
name: Song, Chengyu
name: Krishnamurthy, Srikanth
name: Roy-Chowdhury, Amit
name: Asif, M. Salman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blackbox adversarial attacks can be categorized into transfer- and query-based attacks. Transfer methods do not require any feedback from the victim model, but provide lower success rates compared to query-based methods. Query attacks often require a large number of queries for success. To achieve the best of both approaches, recent efforts have tried to combine them, but still require hundreds of queries to achieve high success rates (especially for targeted attacks). In this paper, we propose a novel method for Blackbox Attacks via Surrogate Ensemble Search (BASES) that can generate highly successful blackbox attacks using an extremely small number of queries. We first define a perturbation machine that generates a perturbed image by minimizing a weighted loss function over a fixed set of surrogate models. To generate an attack for a given victim model, we search over the weights in the loss function using queries generated by the perturbation machine. Since the dimension of the search space is small (same as the number of surrogate models), the search requires a small number of queries. We demonstrate that our proposed method achieves better success rate with at least 30x fewer queries compared to state-of-the-art methods on different image classifiers trained with ImageNet. In particular, our method requires as few as 3 queries per image (on average) to achieve more than a 90% success rate for targeted attacks and 1-2 queries per image for over a 99% success rate for untargeted attacks. Our method is also effective on Google Cloud Vision API and achieved a 91% untargeted attack success rate with 2.9 queries per image. We also show that the perturbations generated by our proposed method are highly transferable and can be adopted for hard-label blackbox attacks. We also show effectiveness of BASES for hiding attacks on object detectors.
description: Our code is available at https://github.com/CSIPlab/BASES
Growth and Carcass Characteristics of Diverse Breeds Of Cattle used for Beef Production
Creators: name: Cundiff, Larry V.
name: Gregory, Keith E.
name: Koch, Robert M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: Rate and efficiency of postweaning growth are important components of beef production. About 30% of the energy requirements and about 45% of the total feed costs are incurred in the period between weaning and slaughter. Historically, when steers were finished on pasture, propensity to finish at a young age was desirable, particularly when market requirements for fatness were great. However, propensity to fatten became a handicap as we shifted to increased use of grains in diets of growing-finishing cattle. Recently, customer pressure to reduce caloric and fat content of beef and other red meats has intensified because coronary heart disease is believed to be associated with elevated blood cholesterol levels. Dietary control of the type and amount of fat consumed is strongly recommended by members of the medical profession in an attempt to regulate blood cholesterol levels. In this paper, results from the Germ Plasm Evaluation (GPE) program at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska are reviewed on relative amounts of genetic variation between and within breeds in growth, feed efficiency and quantity and distribution of lean, inter- and intramuscular fat, and caloric content of retail cuts of beef with different degrees of trimming.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
Germplasm Utilization In Beef Cattle
Creators: name: Gregory, K. E.
name: Cundiff, L. V.
name: Koch, R. M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: There are three basic approaches which may be used to synchronize cattle germplasm resources with other production resources and with market requirements. These are: (1) identify or select the breed that is the best fit or match to the production requirement, (2) use specific crossbreeding systems involving breeds that will complement each other most effectively to approach an optimum balance on characteristics or (3) form composite breeds based on the optimum contribution by each of several breeds to achieve the general adaptability and performance characteristics desired for the production situation. The two latter approaches use heterosis and are favored for commercial production. Composite breeds offer the greatest opportunity to use breed differences to achieve and maintain optimum performance levels for a wide range of production situations. Selection among breeds is considerably more effective than intra-breed selection for all bioeconomic traits (1,13).
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
Trichomoniasis
Creators: name: Mortimer, R. G.
name: Cheney, J. M.
name: Morris, D. L.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: Trichomoniasis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by Tritrichomonas fetus (T. fetus). Its clinical signs are repeat breeding at both regular and irregular intervals, abortion and pyometra (1,2,5,9). These are readily observed in dairy cattle. However, in beef cattle on western ranges, the first indication of a problem is usually finding additional cows open or with pyometra at the time of pregnancy check. Data is limited on the incidence of trichomoniasis (3,8,14). A 7.3% infection rate has been reported in slaughtered bulls in Florida (3). Another study in Oklahoma reported a 7.8% infection rate in bulls presented for sale at auction (14). These infection rates reflect only selected populations of bulls within these areas. Primary infection rates of over 40% have been reported in cow herds in Australia. In Colorado, identification of trichomoniasis in herds was 22 of 155 herds in 1987, 22 of 210 herds in 1988, and only 6 of 140 herds tested before October in 1989. The objective of this presentation is to review the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and economic aspects of the disease.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
Policy Recommendations for Institutions to Serve as Trustworthy Stewards of Research Data
Creators: name: Downs, Robert R.
name: Giaretta, David
name: Hughes, J. Steven
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Information science

description: The Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model, published as ISO 14721, has been adopted as the “de facto” standard for systems that preserve data. ISO 16363, the standard for Audit And Certification Of Trustworthy Digital Repositories, is based on ISO 14721 and contains the criteria for auditing various kinds of repositories in terms of their potential to provide trustworthy services for data management and preservation. Institutions that manage repositories for research data need to attain compliance with ISO 16363 if they plan to serve as trustworthy digital repositories. As an initial step, institutions that operate repositories for managing and preserving research data should create and follow policies to address the ISO 16363 requirements.__Recommendations are offered for establishing and implementing policies within institutions that plan to serve as trustworthy repositories of research data holdings.
California Studies on Diagnostic Procedures, Female Immune Responses and Epidemiology of Bovine Trichomoniasis
Creators: name: BonDurant, R. H.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1989

description: In spite of concerted efforts to develop a sensitive and specific immuno-diagnostic assay for bovine trichomoniasis, the most reliable method for establishing a diagnosis in an infected herd is the culture of preputial or vaginal secretions on Diamond's medium (or equivalent). Recent improvements in packaging of media have made it possible to expedite the culture procedure without significant loss of sensitivity. Studies on the immune responses of experimentally infected heifers have shown that a large number of antigens of T. foetus are recognized by immunoglobulins (especially IgA and IgG1) in local secretions of the reproductive tract, with little systemic response seen in the serum. A survey of randomly selected cow-calf herds in California, in which bulls from each herd were cultured for T. foetus, showed that approximately 15 % of all herds, and 5% of all bulls, were infected. Without an effective legal treatment for either cows or bulls, the need for inexpensive accurate diagnostics and effective immunoprophylaxis is urgent.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1989
Fact-checking Ziegler's maximum entropy production principle beyond the linear regime and towards steady states
Creators: name: Polettini, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We challenge claims that the principle of maximum entropy production produces physical phenomenological relations between conjugate currents and forces, even beyond the linear regime, and that currents in networks arrange themselves to maximize entropy production as the system approaches the steady state. In particular: (1) we show that Ziegler's principle of thermodynamic orthogonality leads to stringent reciprocal relations for higher order response coefficients, and in the framework of stochastic thermodynamics, we exhibit a simple explicit model that does not satisfy them; (2) on a network, enforcing Kirchhoff's current law, we show that maximization of the entropy production prescribes reciprocal relations between coarse-grained observables, but is not responsible for the onset of the steady state, which is rather due to the minimum entropy production principle.
description: 21 pages
Valleytronic full configuration-interaction approach: An application to the excitation spectra of Si double-dot qubits
Creators: name: Yannouleas, Constantine
name: Landman, Uzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of strong electron-electron interactions and Wigner-molecule (WM) formation on the spectra of $2e$ singlet-triplet double-dot Si qubits is presented based on a full configuration interaction (FCI) approach that incorporates the valley degree of freedom (VDOF) in the context of the continuous (effective mass) description of semiconductor materials. Our FCI treats the VDOF as an isospin in addition to the regular spin. Our treatment is able to assign to each energy curve in the qubit's spectrum a complete set of good quantum numbers for both the spin and the valley isospin. This reveals an underlying SU(4) $\supset$ SU(2) $\times$ SU(2) group-chain organization in the Si double-dot spectra. With parameters in the range of actual experimental situations, we demonstrate in a double-dot qubit that, in the (2,0) charge configuration and compared to the expected large, and dot-size determined, single-particle (orbital) energy gap, the strong $e-e$ interactions drastically quench the spin-singlet$-$spin-triplet energy gap, $E_{\rm ST}$, within the same valley, making it competitive to the small energy gap, $E_V$, between the two valleys. We present results for both the $E_{\rm ST} < E_V$ and $E_{\rm ST} > E_V$ cases. We investigate the spectra as a function of detuning and demonstrate the strengthening of the avoided crossings due to a lowering of the interdot barrier and/or the influence of valley-orbit coupling. We further demonstrate, as a function of an applied magnetic field, the emergence of avoided crossings in the (1,1) charge configuration due to the spin-valley coupling. The valleytronic FCI formulated here, and implementeded for two electrons confined in a tunable double quantum dot, offers also a most effective tool for analyzing the spectra of Si qubits with more than two wells and/or more than two electrons.
description: 19 pages with 6 color figures. A longer and more complete abstract can be found in the PDF file of the manuscript. For related papers, see https://sites.gatech.edu/cyannouleas/
Enhanced signal-to-noise ratios in frog hearing can be achieved through amplitude death
Creators: name: Ahn, Kang-Hun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the ear, hair cells transform mechanical stimuli into neuronal signals with great sensitivity relying on certain active processes. Individual hair cell bundles of non-mammals such as frogs and turtles are known to show spontaneous oscillation. However hair bundles in vivo must be quiet in the absence of stimuli, otherwise, the signal is drowned in intrinsic noise. Thus, a certain mechanism is needed to exist in order to suppress intrinsic noise. Here, through a model study of elastically coupled hair bundles of bullfrog sacculi, we show that a low stimulus threshold and a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be achieved through the amplitude death phenomenon (the cessation of spontaneous oscillations by coupling). This phenomenon occurs only when the coupled hair bundles have inhomogeneous distribution, which is likely to be the case in biological systems. We show that the SNR has non-monotonic dependence on the mass of the overlying membrane, and find out that the SNR has maximum value in the region of the amplitude death. The low threshold of stimulus through amplitude death may account for the experimentally observed high sensitivity of frog sacculi in detecting vibration. The hair bundles' amplitude death mechanism provides a smart engineering design for low-noise amplification.
title: Zweite Satzung zur Änderung der Prüfungsordnung für den Bachelorstudiengang Physik der Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften an der Universität Paderborn
title: vom 26. November 2020
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Paderborn
Publisher: name: UB-PAD - Paderborn University Library
Year: 2020

description: Amtliche Mitteilungen / Universität Paderborn