cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Core regional metrics of chronic kidney disease (CKD) mortality in the GBD 2019 Study
Creators: name: Boris, Bikbov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: kidney
Global Health
Public Health
chronic kidney disease
impaired kidney function
CKD
Global Burden of Disease Study
GBD
epidemiology
mortality
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America
Oceania
Caribbean
North America
Middle East
Australasia

description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable diseases, and is highly relevant topic in global health. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) study presents a comprehensive assessment of the global epidemiology of CKD both as a direct cause of mortality and morbidity and as a risk factor for other diseases. The GBD uses term "impaired kidney function (IKF)" to indicate the CKD as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and gout, and underline the difference from the term "CKD" itself that refers to a direct cause of morbidity and mortality due to kidney disease. Scientific-Tools.Org created a series of infographics highlighting different aspects of CKD epidemiology at global, regional and country levels. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivatives License. See other infographics on CKD epidemiology: https://scientific-tools.org/portfolio-item/infographics-on-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-epidemiology
Bifunctional poly(acrylamide) hydrogels through orthogonal coupling chemistries
Creators: name: Farrukh, Aleeza
name: Paez, Julieta I.
name: Salierno, Marcelo
name: Fan, Wenqiang
name: Berninger, Benedikt
name: Del Campo, Aránzazu
Publisher: name: Washington D.C. : American Chemical Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Biomaterials for cell culture allowing simple and quantitative presentation of instructive cues enable rationalization of the interplay between cells and their surrounding microenvironment. Poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) hydrogels are popular 2D-model substrates for this purpose. However, quantitative and reproducible biofunctionalization of PAAm hydrogels with multiple ligands in a trustable, controlled, and independent fashion is not trivial. Here, we describe a method for bifunctional modification of PAAm hydrogels with thioland amine- containing biomolecules with controlled densities in an independent, orthogonal manner. We developed copolymer networks of AAm with 9% acrylic acid and 2% N-(4-(5-(methylsulfonyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)acrylamide. The covalent binding of thiol- and amine- containing chromophores at tunable concentrations was demonstrated and quantified by UV spectroscopy. The morphology, mechanical properties, and homogeneity of the copolymerized hydrogels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and confocal microscopy studies. Our copolymer hydrogels were bifunctionalized with polylysine and a laminin-mimetic peptide using the specific chemistries. We analyzed the effect of binding protocol of the two components in the maturation of cultured postmitotic cortical neurons. Our substrates supported neuronal attachment, proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. We found that neurons cultured on our hydrogels bifunctionalized with ligand-specific chemistries in a sequential fashion exhibited higher maturation at comparable culture times than using a simultaneous bifunctionalization strategy, displaying a higher number of neurites, branches, and dendritic filopodia. These results demonstrate the relevance of quantitative and optimized coupling chemistries for the performance of simple biomaterials and with sensitive cell types.
Thought Bubbles: A Proxy into Players' Mental Model Development
Creators: name: Mohaddesi, Omid
name: Chicoine, Noah
name: Gong, Min
name: Ergun, Ozlem
name: Griffin, Jacqueline
name: Kaeli, David
name: Marsella, Stacy
name: Harteveld, Casper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Studying mental models has recently received more attention, aiming to understand the cognitive aspects of human-computer interaction. However, there is not enough research on the elicitation of mental models in complex dynamic systems. We present Thought Bubbles as an approach for eliciting mental models and an avenue for understanding players' mental model development in interactive virtual environments. We demonstrate the use of Thought Bubbles in two experimental studies involving 250 participants playing a supply chain game. In our analyses, we rely on Situation Awareness (SA) levels, including perception, comprehension, and projection, and show how experimental manipulations such as disruptions and information sharing shape players' mental models and drive their decisions depending on their behavioral profile. Our results provide evidence for the use of thought bubbles in uncovering cognitive aspects of behavior by indicating how disruption location and availability of information affect people's mental model development and influence their decisions.
description: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23), April 23--28, 2023, Hamburg, Germany
title: Perfusion Imaging: The missing link in Peripheral Arterial Disease assessment
Creators: name: Saini, Saransh
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Vascular
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: PET-CT
subject: SPECT-CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Physics
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Other

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: -> Highlight the need for perfusion imaging in the context of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) -> Explore currently researched options, highlighting their strengths and...
use of UHPLC-HRMS to profile the metabolites from the serum of breast cancer patients
Creators: name: 张琴琴(Qinqin Zhang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Metabolome
Multiisolate

description: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. As such exploring the metabolic changes during human breast carcinogenesis is important for developing disease prevention methods and treatments. In the present study, non-targeted metabolomics with chemometrics based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was conducted to analyze the differences in serum metabolite patterns between female patiebts with BC and healthy individuals. A total of 3246 metabolites at various concentrations in the sera of healthy controls and patients with BC were found. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that arginine, proline, nicotinate, nicotinamide, caffeine and arachidonic acid metabolism as well as fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly altered in BC patients in comparison to controls. These results suggest that serum metabolic profiling has great potential in discovering molecular biomarkers for the detection of BC breast cancer. They may also help to further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms associated with this debilitating disease.
Estimating global cropland production from 1961 to 2010
Creators: name: Han, Pengfei
name: Zeng, Ning
name: Zhao, Fang
name: Lin, Xiaohui
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Carbon
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Food and agriculture organizations
subject: Global carbon cycle
subject: Model parameterization
subject: Net primary production
subject: Process-based modeling
subject: Regional differences
subject: Seasonal amplitudes
subject: Socio-economic development
subject: 500

description: Global cropland net primary production (NPP) has tripled over the last 50 years, contributing 17–45 % to the increase in global atmospheric CO2 seasonal amplitude. Although many regional-scale comparisons have been made between statistical data and modeling results, long-term national comparisons across global croplands are scarce due to the lack of detailed spatiotemporal management data. Here, we conducted a simulation study of global cropland NPP from 1961 to 2010 using a process-based model called Vegetation–Global Atmosphere–Soil (VEGAS) and compared the results with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) statistical data on both continental and country scales. According to the FAO data, the global cropland NPP was 1.3, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6, 3.0, and 3.6 PgC yr−1 in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s, respectively. The VEGAS model captured these major trends on global and continental scales. The NPP increased most notably in the US Midwest, western Europe, and the North China Plain and increased modestly in Africa and Oceania. However, significant biases remained in some regions such as Africa and Oceania, especially in temporal evolution. This finding is not surprising as VEGAS is the first global carbon cycle model with full parameterization representing the Green Revolution. To improve model performance for different major regions, we modified the default values of management intensity associated with the agricultural Green Revolution differences across various regions to better match the FAO statistical data at the continental level and for selected countries. Across all the selected countries, the updated results reduced the RMSE from 19.0 to 10.5 TgC yr−1 (∼ 45 % decrease). The results suggest that these regional differences in model parameterization are due to differences in socioeconomic development. To better explain the past changes and predict the future trends, it is important to calibrate key parameters on regional scales and develop data sets for land management history.
NDMA - Molecule of the Month November 2020 [Archived version]
Creators: name: Cotton, Simon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description:
This is the Molecule of the Month entry for November 2020 about NDMA. It is a pdf archive version of the HTML webpage.
Practical and efficient experimental characterization of multiqubit stabilizer states
Creators: name: Greganti, Chiara
name: Roehsner, Marie-Christine
name: Barz, Stefanie
name: Waegell, Mordecai
name: Walther, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vast developments in quantum technology have enabled the preparation of quantum states with more than a dozen entangled qubits. The full characterization of such systems demands distinct constructions depending on their specific type and the purpose of their use. Here we present a method that scales linearly with the number of qubits for characterizing stabilizer states. Our approach allows simultaneous extraction of information about the fidelity, the entanglement, and the nonlocality of the state and thus is of high practical relevance. We demonstrate the efficient applicability of our method by performing an experimental characterization of a photonic four-qubit cluster state and three- and four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states. Our scheme can be directly extended to larger-scale quantum information tasks.
Additional file 1 of A systematic review on the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and emotional disorder symptoms during Covid-19: unearthing the potential role of economic concerns and financial strain
Creators: name: Chan, Jee Kei
name: Marzuki, Aleya A.
name: Vafa, Samira
name: Thanaraju, Arjun
name: Yap, Jie
name: Chan, Xiou Wen
name: Harris, Hanis Atasha
name: Todi, Khushi
name: Schaefer, Alexandre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in Anorexia Nervosa
Creators: name: Del Bianco, Jessica
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Respiratory system
subject: Plain radiographic studies
subject: Other
subject: Eating disorders

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: We present a case of a 16-year-old girl presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum, leading to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (restrictive subtype) with extreme malnutrition necessitating...
Phase Transition in the periodically pulsed Dicke Model
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Sayak
name: Bhattacharya, Utso
name: Dutta, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of pulsed driving and kicked driving of the interaction term on the non-equilibrium phase transition in the Dicke Model. Within the framework of Floquet theory, we observe the emergence of new non-trivial phases on impingement by such periodic pulses. Notably, our study reveals that a greater control over the dynamical quantum criticality is possible through the variation of multiple parameters related to the pulse, as opposed to a single parameter control in a monochromatic drive. Furthermore, the probability of the system remaining trapped in a metastable state during the observed first order transition from the super-radiant to normal phase is found to be higher for small number of kicks (or pulses) in comparison to the sinusoidal perturbation.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Nonthermal radiation of evaporating black holes
Creators: name: Svidzinsky, Anatoly A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole (BH) evaporation is caused by creation of entangled particle-antiparticle pairs near the event horizon, with one carrying positive energy to infinity and the other carrying negative energy into the BH. Since under the event horizon, particles always move toward the BH center, they can only be absorbed but not emitted at the center. This breaks absorption-emission symmetry and, as a result, annihilation of the particle at the BH center is described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We show that due to entanglement between photons moving inside and outside the event horizon, nonunitary absorption of the negative energy photons near the BH center, alters the outgoing radiation. As a result, radiation of the evaporating BH is not thermal; it carries information about BH interior, and entropy is preserved during evaporation.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Published in Physical Review D
Analytical Model of Tidal Distortion and Dissipation for a Giant Planet with a Viscoelastic Core
Creators: name: Storch, Natalia I.
name: Lai, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytical expressions for the tidal Love numbers of a giant planet with a solid core and a fluid envelope. We model the core as a uniform, incompressible, elastic solid, and the envelope as a non-viscous fluid satisfying the $n=1$ polytropic equation of state. We discuss how the Love numbers depend on the size, density, and shear modulus of the core. We then model the core as a viscoelastic Maxwell solid and compute the tidal dissipation rate in the planet as characterized by the imaginary part of the Love number $k_2$. Our results improve upon existing calculations based on planetary models with a solid core and a uniform ($n=0$) envelope. Our analytical expressions for the Love numbers can be applied to study tidal distortion and viscoelastic dissipation of giant planets with solid cores of various rheological properties, and our general method can be extended to study tidal distortion/dissipation of super-earths.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS
title: CT head screening for first episode of psychosis: Audit of clinical indications and diagnostic outcomes
Creators: name: Zhang, Li Hua
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: Other

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Non contrast CT head is a frequently ordered investigation for patients presenting with First Episode Psychosis (FEP). However, an Australian systematic review 1 and Canadian study 2 determined that there is a limited role for neuroimaging in the...
Additional file 1 of Recent advances in the discovery and development of drugs targeting the kallikrein-kinin system
Creators: name: Wisniewski, Petra
name: Gangnus, Tanja
name: Burckhardt, Bjoern B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. References not indexed in databases
title: Review of Aortocaval Fistula: A rare presentation with high mortality
Creators: name: Sandhu, Gagandeep
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Stents
subject: Aneurysms

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: A review of imaging findings for Aortocaval Fistula (ACF) diagnoses and its complications. A review of endovascular treatment-EVAR, post intervention complications and surveillance imaging protocol along with a brief case...
Raising sons or daughters for old age? Influence of children's gender on intergenerational family support in rural families
Creators: name: Yuncan W.
name: Jiguang Z.
name: Yunxing S.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2023

description: Background: Under the background of miniaturization of family size and a growing number of young and middle-aged population outflow in rural China, the study of family pension mechanism in rural China from the perspective of changes in the pension functions of son and daughter will not only help to deepen the understanding of the change rules of China's family system, but also provide important reference for the future design of rural pension system. Data and method: The data come from the China Family Tracking Survey (CFPS), a nationwide social survey project runs by the Social Science Research Centre of Peking University. After excluding missing data, we obtained a valid sample of 11,207 sons and 2028 daughters in four data periods. We applied a fixed effects model for the analysis. Results: In rural areas, sons mainly provide economic support, while daughters mainly provide life care, thus forming a gender-based division of labor. With increasing off-farm job opportunities for daughters, they provide more economic support for their parents, but the time they spend on housework for their parents is reduced. As the number of children in a family has increased, daughters' role in supporting their parents has decreased. This research shows that although the traditional son-centered pension mode in China has not completely disintegrated, it has changed significantly. The findings reveal that changes in family size and improvements in women's status are important factors in changing family support patterns. Discussion: Different from the thought research about intergenerational relationship for a whole model, this article from the family internal different subjects role identity, shows the characteristics of the individual in the family, is conducive to theoretically explore the tension in the intergenerational relationship, individual and family which is helpful to understand the contemporary China's rural family generation ethics and intergenerational solidarity model. Families are classified more carefully according to the number, size and gender of children in the family, so as to fully show the heterogeneity and complexity of intergenerational relationships and old-age care models in rural families with different structural types. The discussion of the above issues has refined the description of rural family pension resources in China, which has certain reference significance for improving rural pension policies and actively dealing with the aging population.
title: Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Mimicking Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumour
Creators: name: Foo, Michelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pancreas
subject: Spleen
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: SPECT-CT
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Recognize the imaging features and differentials for IPAS and understand the imaging workup to make a definitive diagnosis of IPAS...
Robotic Bronchoscopy: Review of Three Systems
Creators: name: Lee, Hans J.
name: Diddams, Maxwell J.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Robotic bronchoscopy (RB) has been shown to improve access to smaller and more peripheral lung lesions, while simultaneously staging the mediastinum. Pre-clinical studies demonstrated extremely high diagnostic yields, but real-world RB yields have yet to fully matched up in prospective studies. Despite this, RB technology has rapidly evolved and has great potential for lung-cancer diagnosis and even treatment. In this article, we review the historical and present challenges with RB in order to compare three RB systems.
The role of genetic risk factors in pathogenesis of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
Creators: name: Sestan, Mario
name: Kifer, Nastasia
name: Arsov, Todor
name: Cook, Matthew
name: Ellyard, Julia
name: Vinuesa, Carola G
name: Jelusic, Marija
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Gene Expression
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Human Biology & Physiology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The pathogenesis of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is complex and not fully understood. It involves three key factors: genetic risk factors, epigenetic mechanisms, and environmental triggers. Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of the disease, particularly in younger individuals. While cSLE has traditionally been considered a polygenic disease, it is now recognized that in rare cases, a single gene mutation can lead to the disease. Although these cases are uncommon, they provide valuable insights into the disease mechanism, enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and immune tolerance, and facilitate the development of targeted treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both monogenic and polygenic SLE, emphasizing the implications of specific genes in disease pathogenesis. By conducting a thorough analysis of the genetic factors involved in SLE, we can improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Furthermore, this knowledge may contribute to the identification of effective biomarkers and the selection of appropriate therapies for individuals with SLE.
Scheme for calculation of multi-layer cloudiness and precipitation for climate models of intermediate complexity
Creators: name: Eliseev, A.V.
name: Coumou, D.
name: Chernokulsky, A.V.
name: Petoukhov, V.
name: Petri, S.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cloud cover
subject: convective cloud
subject: disturbance
subject: droplet
subject: fractionation
subject: mathematical analysis
subject: numerical model
subject: precipitation (climatology)
subject: seasonal variation
subject: stratiform cloud
subject: 550

description: In this study we present a scheme for calculating the characteristics of multi-layer cloudiness and precipitation for Earth system models of intermediate complexity (EMICs). This scheme considers three-layer stratiform cloudiness and single-column convective clouds. It distinguishes between ice and droplet clouds as well. Precipitation is calculated by using cloud lifetime, which depends on cloud type and phase as well as on statistics of synoptic and convective disturbances. The scheme is tuned to observations by using an ensemble simulation forced by the ERA-40-derived climatology for 1979–2001. Upon calibration, the scheme realistically reproduces basic features of fields of cloud fractions, cloud water path, and precipitation. The simulated globally and annually averaged total cloud fraction is 0.59, and the simulated globally averaged annual precipitation is 100 cm yr−1. Both values agree with empirically derived values. The simulated cloud water path is too small, probably because the simulated vertical extent of stratiform clouds is too small. Geographical distribution and seasonal changes of calculated cloud fraction and precipitation are broadly realistic as well. However, some important regional biases still remain in the scheme, e.g. too little precipitation in the tropics. We discuss possibilities for future improvements in the scheme.
title: A pictorial review of differences between primary and metastatic imaging pattern of ALK–rearranged NSCLC versus EGFR mutant NSCLC on CT Chest
Creators: name: Purchuri, Sai Navya
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To identify subtle radiological differences between the primary and metastatic pattern of ALK versus EGFR mutant Non-small cell lung cancer...
title: Fractal analysis of gliomas: looking beyond Euclidean geometry
Creators: name: Jang, Kevin
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: CNS
subject: MR
subject: Fractal analysis
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Explore the fundamental principles of fractal geometry and its clinical applications in neuro-oncology. 2. Describe the current role and future implications of fractal analysis in glioma...
title: A novel retrograde urethrogram technique in the imaging of male urethral strictures
Creators: name: Luong, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pelvis
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Experimental
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Cystography / Uretrography
subject: Other

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: This paper seeks to introduce an alternative novel retrograde urethrograms (RUG) technique in the imaging of urethral strictures that is less complicated, easier to perform, and produces consistently technically adequate diagnostic images of the...
Enhancement of Spin-transfer torque switching via resonant tunneling
Creators: name: Chatterji, Niladri
name: Tulapurkar, Ashwin A
name: Muralidharan, Bhaskaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the use of resonant tunneling as a route to enhance the spin-transfer torque switching characteristics of magnetic tunnel junctions. The proposed device structure is a resonant tunneling magnetic tunnel junction based on a MgO-semiconductor heterostructure sandwiched between a fixed magnet and a free magnet. Using the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism coupled self consistently with the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert-Slonczewski equation, we demonstrate enhanced tunnel magneto-resistance characteristics as well as lower switching voltages in comparison with traditional trilayer devices. Two device designs based on MgO based heterostructures are presented, where the physics of resonant tunneling leads to an enhanced spin transfer torque thereby reducing the critical switching voltage by up to 44%. It is envisioned that the proof-of-concept presented here may lead to practical device designs via rigorous materials and interface studies.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
title: Waiting for a Category Five
Creators: name: Hoyer, Meghan
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2013

description: Waiting for a Category Five is a series of nonfiction essays that explore the area between the historical and the personal, and the point where our modem lives intersect with the actions, customs and lifestyles of those who came before us. Combining reportage, personal essay and memoir, the collection works to probe the effect history has had on our modern existence. The collection ranges from the personal — a writer' attempt to run a marathon after an injury — to the communal — how a California town is changed after its businesspeople reject a rabble-rousing community motto. At the heart of the essays is a look at how sea level change threatens the future — and the past — of a neighborhood in Norfolk, VA.
title: Assessment of heterogeneity in medical imaging diagnostic test accuracy meta-analyses: a systematic review
Creators: name: White, Sam
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other
subject: Other
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Epidemiology

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: The purpose of this meta-research study was to systematically assess how variability has been examined in medical imaging DTA...
Core global metrics of years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to impaired kidney function (IKF) in the GBD 2019 Study
Creators: name: Boris, Bikbov
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: kidney
Global Health
Public Health
chronic kidney disease
impaired kidney function
CKD
Global Burden of Disease Study
GBD
epidemiology
morbidity
mortality
years lived with disability
YLDs
years of life lost due to premature death
YLLs
disability-adjusted life years
DALYs

description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality from noncommunicable diseases, and is highly relevant topic in global health. The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) study presents a comprehensive assessment of the global epidemiology of CKD both as a direct cause of mortality and morbidity and as a risk factor for other diseases. The GBD uses term "impaired kidney function (IKF)" to indicate the CKD as a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and gout, and underline the difference from the term "CKD" itself that refers to a direct cause of morbidity and mortality due to kidney disease. Scientific-Tools.Org created a series of infographics highlighting different aspects of CKD epidemiology at global, regional and country levels. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivatives License. See other infographics on CKD epidemiology: https://scientific-tools.org/portfolio-item/infographics-on-chronic-kidney-disease-ckd-epidemiology
Additional file 1 of Clinical manifestation, epidemiology, genetic basis, potential molecular targets, and current treatment of polycystic liver disease
Creators: name: Mahboobipour, Amir Ali
name: Ala, Moein
name: Safdari Lord, Javad
name: Yaghoobi, Arash
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Say Yes! COVID Test: A Health Communication Campaign to Encourage Use of Rapid, At-Home Antigen Testing in Underserved and Historically Marginalized Communities
Creators: name: Linney, Kristen
name: Corbie-Smith, Giselle
name: Richmond, Al
name: Uhlenbrauck, Gina
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: Singler, Lindsay
name: Hattem, Amy
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description: This paper describes a robust health communication campaign that supported Say Yes! COVID Test, the first National Institutes of Health (NIH)-sponsored initiative promoting community-wide, at-home, rapid antigen testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome?coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary goals of the health communication campaign were to promote awareness of the program among local residents, facilitate test kit distribution, and encourage frequent test kit use. To plan and implement the campaign, the team applied principles of social marketing. The populations of focus were adult residents of selected communities in North Carolina (Greenville, Pitt County) and Tennessee (Chattanooga, Hamilton County), with an emphasis on underserved and historically marginalized populations. Following an accelerated planning phase, the campaign included digital, out-of-home, television, and radio advertising, in addition to public relations and organic social media. Collectively, this campaign coupled with our grassroots community engagement efforts facilitated the distribution of 66?035 test kits across both communities, or more than 1.6 million at-home tests. Facebook ads were the most successful in driving online test kit orders (7.9% conversion rate in Pitt County; 8.1% conversion rate in Chattanooga), although employing a variety of marketing channels enabled reach across multiple subpopulations. Market research data indicated high program awareness but low uptake in testing. Lessons learned from campaign planning and implementation can inform future public health initiatives, including selecting the appropriate marketing mix to facilitate awareness, and collaborating with community partners and local health departments to ensure successful program execution.
Surface matters: Limitations of CALIPSO V3 aerosol typing in coastal regions
Creators: name: Kanitz, T.
name: Ansmann, A.
name: Foth, A.
name: Seifert, P.
name: Wandinger, U.
name: Engelmann, R.
name: Baars, H.
name: Althausen, D.
name: Casiccia, C.
name: Zamorano, F.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: aerosol
subject: coastal zone
subject: error analysis
subject: lidar
subject: marine environment
subject: optical property
subject: 550

description: In the CALIPSO data analysis, surface type (land/ocean) is used to augment the aerosol characterization. However, this surface-dependent aerosol typing prohibits a correct classification of marine aerosol over land that is advected from ocean to land. This might result in a systematic overestimation of the particle extinction coefficient and of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of up to a factor of 3.5 over land in coastal areas. We present a long-term comparison of CALIPSO and ground-based lidar observations of the aerosol conditions in the coastal environment of southern South America (Punta Arenas, Chile, 53° S), performed in December 2009–April 2010. Punta Arenas is almost entirely influenced by marine particles throughout the year, indicated by a rather low AOT of 0.02–0.04. However, we found an unexpectedly high fraction of continental aerosol in the aerosol types inferred by means of CALIOP observations and, correspondingly, too high values of particle extinction. Similar features of the CALIOP data analysis are presented for four other coastal areas around the world. Since CALIOP data serve as important input for global climate models, the influence of this systematic error was estimated by means of simplified radiative-transfer calculations.
Seed Storage Protein, Functional Diversity and Association with Allergy
Creators: name: Jain, Abha
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Plants are essential for humans as they serve as a source of food, fuel, medicine, oils, and more. The major elements that are utilized for our needs exist in storage organs, such as seeds. These seeds are rich in proteins, show a broad spectrum of physiological roles, and are classified based on their sequence, structure, and conserved motifs. With the improvements to our knowledge of the basic sequence and our structural understanding, we have acquired better insights into seed proteins and their role. However, we still lack a systematic analysis towards understanding the functional diversity associated within each family and their associations with allergy. This review puts together the information about seed proteins, their classification, and diverse functional roles along with their associations with allergy.
The "dual-spot" Aethalometer: An improved measurement of aerosol black carbon with real-time loading compensation
Creators: name: Drinovec, L.
name: Močnik, G.
name: Zotter, P.
name: Prévôt, A.S.H.
name: Ruckstuhl, C.
name: Coz, E.
name: Rupakheti, M.
name: Sciare, J.
name: Müller, T.
name: Wiedensohler, A.
name: Hansen, A.D.A.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: aerosol composition
subject: air quality
subject: algorithm
subject: anthropogenic effect
subject: black carbon
subject: climate change
subject: real time
subject: tracer
subject: 550

description: Aerosol black carbon is a unique primary tracer for combustion emissions. It affects the optical properties of the atmosphere and is recognized as the second most important anthropogenic forcing agent for climate change. It is the primary tracer for adverse health effects caused by air pollution. For the accurate determination of mass equivalent black carbon concentrations in the air and for source apportionment of the concentrations, optical measurements by filter-based absorption photometers must take into account the "filter loading effect". We present a new real-time loading effect compensation algorithm based on a two parallel spot measurement of optical absorption. This algorithm has been incorporated into the new Aethalometer model AE33. Intercomparison studies show excellent reproducibility of the AE33 measurements and very good agreement with post-processed data obtained using earlier Aethalometer models and other filter-based absorption photometers. The real-time loading effect compensation algorithm provides the high-quality data necessary for real-time source apportionment and for determination of the temporal variation of the compensation parameter k.
The weak electronic correlations and absence of heavy Fermion state in KNi$_2$Se$_2$
Creators: name: Fan, Q.
name: Shen, X. P.
name: Li, M. Y.
name: Shen, D. W.
name: Li, W.
name: Xie, X. M.
name: Ge, Q. Q.
name: Ye, Z. R.
name: Tan, S. Y.
name: Niu, X. H.
name: Xie, B. P.
name: Feng, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the low-lying electronic structure of a new ThCr$_2$Si$_2$-type superconductor KNi$_2$Se$_2$ with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Three bands intersect the Fermi level, forming complicated Fermi surface topology, which is sharply different from its isostructural superconductor K$_x$Fe$_{2-y}$Se$_2$. The Fermi surface shows weak variation along the $k_z$ direction, indicating its quasi-two-dimensional nature. Further comparison with the density functional theory calculations demonstrates that there exist relatively weak correlations and substantial hybridization of the Ni 3$d$ and the Se 4$p$ orbitals in the low-lying electronic structure. Our results indicate that the large density of states at the Fermi energy leads to the reported mass enhancement based on the specific heat measurements. Moreover, no anomaly is observed in the spectra when entering the fluctuating charge density wave state reported earlier.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
title: Evaluating inter-observer and intra-observer variability in radiotherapy target volume delineation: credentialing programme results from the FET-PET In Glioblastoma (FIG) trial.
Creators: name: Barry, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CNS
subject: PET-CT
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Glioblastoma is the most common adult primary brain malignancy with a poor prognosis [1]. Recent ESTRO-EANO guidelines define gross tumour volume (GTV) as resection cavity after surgery plus any residual enhancing tumour on contrast-enhanced...
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Automatic Classification of Colorectal and Prostate Tumor Biopsies Using Multispectral Imagery: System Development Study
Creators: name: Peyret, Remy
name: alSaeed, Duaa
name: Khelifi, Fouad
name: Al-Ghreimil, Nadia
name: Al-Baity, Heyam
name: Bouridane, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Colorectal and prostate cancers are the most common types of cancer in men worldwide. To diagnose colorectal and prostate cancer, a pathologist performs a histological analysis on needle biopsy samples. This manual process is time-consuming and error-prone, resulting in high intra and interobserver variability, which affects diagnosis reliability. This study aims to develop an automatic computerized system for diagnosing colorectal and prostate tumors by using images of biopsy samples to reduce time and diagnosis error rates associated with human analysis. We propose a CNN model for classifying colorectal and prostate tumors from multispectral images of biopsy samples. The key idea was to remove the last block of the convolutional layers and halve the number of filters per layer. Our results showed excellent performance, with an average test accuracy of 99.8% and 99.5% for the prostate and colorectal data sets, respectively. The system showed excellent performance when compared with pretrained CNNs and other classification methods, as it avoids the preprocessing phase while using a single CNN model for classification. Overall, the proposed CNN architecture was globally the best-performing system for classifying colorectal and prostate tumor images. The proposed CNN was detailed and compared with previously trained network models used as feature extractors. These CNNs were also compared with other classification techniques. As opposed to pretrained CNNs and other classification approaches, the proposed CNN yielded excellent results. The computational complexity of the CNNs was also investigated, it was shown that the proposed CNN is better at classifying images than pretrained networks because it does not require preprocessing. Thus, the overall analysis was that the proposed CNN architecture was globally the best-performing system for classifying colorectal and prostate tumor images.
title: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for spinal metastases: Local failure and rate of vertebral fracture for 24 Gy in 3 fractions
Creators: name: Ghanbari Jahromi, Nooshin
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Other
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Bone metastases are a frequent manifestation of systemic cancer that occurs in approximately one-third of patients (1). In cases with spinal bone metastases, pain, spinal instability or cord compression, impending or pathologic fracture may...
Material loss angles from direct measurements of broadband thermal noise
Creators: name: Principe, Maria
name: Pinto, Innocenzo M.
name: Pierro, Vincenzo
name: DeSalvo, Riccardo
name: Taurasi, Ilaria
name: Villar, Akira E.
name: Black, Eric D.
name: Libbrecht, Kenneth G.
name: Michel, Christophe
name: Morgado, Nazario
name: Pinard, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the loss angles of the materials currently used in the highly reflective test-mass coatings of interferometric detectors of gravitational waves, namely Silica, Tantala, and Ti-dop ed Tantala, from direct measurement of coating thermal noise in an optical interferometer testbench, the Caltech TNI. We also present a simple predictive theory for the material properties of amorphous glassy oxide mixtures, which gives results in good agreement with our measurements on Ti-doped Tantala. Alternative measure ment methods and results are reviewed, and some critical issues are discussed.
Impact of temperature and precipitation extremes on the flowering dates of four German wildlife shrub species
Creators: name: Siegmund, Jonatan F.
name: Wiedermann, Marc
name: Donges, Jonathan F.
name: Donner, Reik V.
Publisher: name: München : European Geopyhsical Union
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: assessment method
subject: climate change
subject: experimental study
subject: flowering
subject: phenology
subject: precipitation (climatology)
subject: shrub
subject: temperature effect
subject: 550

description: Ongoing climate change is known to cause an increase in the frequency and amplitude of local temperature and precipitation extremes in many regions of the Earth. While gradual changes in the climatological conditions have already been shown to strongly influence plant flowering dates, the question arises if and how extremes specifically impact the timing of this important phenological phase. Studying this question calls for the application of statistical methods that are tailored to the specific properties of event time series. Here, we employ event coincidence analysis, a novel statistical tool that allows assessing whether or not two types of events exhibit similar sequences of occurrences in order to systematically quantify simultaneities between meteorological extremes and the timing of the flowering of four shrub species across Germany. Our study confirms previous findings of experimental studies by highlighting the impact of early spring temperatures on the flowering of the investigated plants. However, previous studies solely based on correlation analysis do not allow deriving explicit estimates of the strength of such interdependencies without further assumptions, a gap that is closed by our analysis. In addition to direct impacts of extremely warm and cold spring temperatures, our analysis reveals statistically significant indications of an influence of temperature extremes in the autumn preceding the flowering.