Protosmylinae Kruger 1913
Creators: name: Makarkin, Vladimir N.
name: Archibald, S. Bruce
name: Mathewes, Rolf W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Neuroptera
Osmylidae

description: Subfamily Protosmylinae Krüger, 1913
Type genus. Protosmylus Krüger, 1913 (= Osmylidia Cockerell, 1908).
Emended diagnosis (based on wings). Wings may be distinguished from those of other subfamilies of Osmylidae by a combination of the following.
Forewing: Subcostal veinlets almost always simple (very rarely some forked) [Osmylinae: mostly forked]; trichosors along almost entire wing margin [Gumillinae: restricted to apical region]; one subcostal crossvein, positioned basally [Porisminae: numerous along entire subcostal space]; all or nearly all crossveins in radial space forming three to four gradate series (except some Lysmus) [all or nearly all crossveins (Gumillinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae) or proximal crossveins (other subfamilies) irregularly arranged]; M forked at level or only slightly proximad termination of A1 [Osmylinae, Kempyninae: much distad; Stenosmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae: much proximad]; between CuA, CuP ≤ 5 crossveins (up to 8 in some Lysmus) [Spilosmylinae: about 10 or more]; CuA pectinate, with 2–6 branches; CuP with 3–7 pectinate branches (up to 9 in some Lysmus) [Spilosmylinae: 8–15].
Hind wing: MP lacks anteriorly directed basal spur-like process [Spilosmylinae: present]; CuP relatively short, shallowly (not pectinately) branched or simple [Kempyninae, Osmylinae, Stenosmylinae, Porisminae, Eidoporisminae: long, pectinately branched].
Genera included. Ten genera: † Sogjuta Martynova, 1958 (Early to Late Jurassic, Kyrgyzstan and Mongolia), sit. nov.; † Juraheterosmylus Wang et al., 2010 (late Middle / early Late Jurassic, China); † Jurosmylus Makarkin & Archibald, 2005 (Late Jurassic, Kazakhstan); † Protosmylina Jepson et al. 2009 (Early Cretaceous, England); † Osmylidia (= Protosmylus, Priabonian, Baltic amber, syn. nov.), and † Pseudosmylidia Makarkin, 2017 (Priabonian, North America and Europe); Heterosmylus Krüger, 1913, Gryposmylus Krüger, 1913, and Lysmus Navás, 1911 (extant, all southeastern Asia); Paryphosmylus Krüger, 1913 (extant, Ecuador).
Remarks. The venation of some species of Lysmus is very similar to that of the Spilosmylinae, e.g., L. harmandinus Navás, 1910 (see Makarkin 1985: Fig. 3; Winterton et al. 2019: Fig. 34). Moreover, this genus had long been considered a member of the Spilosmylinae. Lysmus, however, lacks an important synapomorphy of Spilosmylinae, the presence of an anteriorly directed basal spur-like process in the hind wing MP. Also, the male genitalia of Lysmus are typical for Protosmylinae (see Wang 2010).
According to Article 40.1 of ICZN, a family-group name is not replaced with a new family-group name when the name of its type genus is considered to be a junior synonym of another genus. Hence, Protosmylinae retains this name following designation of Protosmylus as a junior synonym of Osmylidia.
description: Published as part of Makarkin, Vladimir N., Archibald, S. Bruce & Mathewes, Rolf W., 2021, New Protosmylinae (Neuroptera: Osmylidae) from the early Eocene of western North America, with taxonomic remarks, pp. 142-156 in Zootaxa 4980 (1) on pages 143-144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4980.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/4883181