Simothraulopsis gracilianus Lima 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Lima, Lucas R. C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Leptophlebiidae
Simothraulopsis
Simothraulopsis gracilianus

description: Simothraulopsis gracilianus sp. nov.
(Figs. 2C–D; 3D–F; 4C–D)
Diagnosis. Male imago: 1) general coloration: thorax dark brown, abdomen black with anterior margins yellowish (Fig. 2C, D) (see comments below in Thorax section about colour change with preservation); 2) hind wing with costal projection forming a right angle, located approximately 1/2 distance from base to apex of wing (Figs. 3E–F); 3) terga I and IX completely black, terga II–VIII with basal yellowish bands, and tergum X yellowish; (Fig. 2D); 4) penis projection spine-like of median size (approximately half of the total length of penis lobes) and medially directed (Figs. 4C–D); 5) penis lobes fused on basal 1/3 (Fig. 4D); 6) inner margins of lobes basally parallel and distally divergent, and outer margins strongly curved.
Male imago. Length: body: 6.2 mm; forewing: 6.1 mm; hind wing: 0.9 mm.
Head. Dorsal region dark brown; ventral region yellowish, with blackish marks. Upper portion of compound eyes reddish brown, lower portion black; ocelli whitish, surrounded by black (Fig. 2C). Scape and pedicel of antenna brown, flagellum whitish brown.
Thorax. Pronotum brown, margins black; with a medial white mark. Mesonotum dark brown (in freshly killed specimens) as Fig. 2D to orangish (fixed specimens preserved for a long time) as Fig. 2C; longitudinal medial, anterolateral scutal, lateroparapsidal and medioparapsidal sutures light brown; posterior scutal protuberance, scuto- scutellar impression and scutellum black. Pleura brown washed with dark brown; membranous area yellowish. Metanotum dark brown. Sterna light brown, sutures darker. Wings membrane hyaline. Forewing with longitudinal veins whitish yellow and cross veins translucent; costal brace and base of veins C, Sc and anal section dark brown; fork of vein MP slightly asymmetric (Fig. 3D). Hind wing with costal projection developed, forming a right angle, located approximately 1/2 distance from base to apex of wing; longitudinal and cross veins brown, except base of vein C to costal projection darker; costal region brownish, part of lower portion of hind wing dark brown (Figs. 3E–F). Coxae and trochanters yellowish, washed with gray; femur orangish with blackish marks on apical region; tibia yellowish washed with black, apical region lighter; tarsi yellowish, tarsomeres I and II with apical blackish marks.
Abdomen. Terga black with anterior margins yellowish. Terga I and IX completely black, tergum X completely yellowish, and terga II–VIII with basal yellowish bands (Fig. 2D). Sterna yellowish. Genitalia (Fig. 4C). Styliger plate grayish. Forceps segment I black, apically lighter; segments II and III whitish gray. Segment II 0.11 the length of segment I, 1.58 the length of segment III. Penis lobes yellowish brown, fused on basal 1/3; each lobe rounded apically, separated by a distance either greater than width of one penis lobe, with a medially directed spine-like projection of median size (approximately half of the total length of penis lobes) projection; inner margins of penis lobes basally parallel and distal half divergent and outer margins strongly curved (Fig. 4D); ventral region of penis lobes without a well-marked sclerotized region. Caudal filaments broken and lost.
Etymology. Name in apposition, nominative singular from classical form. We are pleased to dedicate this species after Graciliano Ramos, a famous Brazilian modernist writer, politician and journalist that was born in the type locality.
Material examined. Holotype: Male imago (dissected and mounted on slides), Brazil, Alagoas State, Quebrangulo municipality, Bica da Juliana, 9°14'21"S, 36°27'11.7"W, 637m, 17–18.iv.2014, Lima LRC coll. (UFVB). Paratype. One male imago, same data as holotype.
Comments. Simothraulopsis gracilianus sp. nov. has distinctive penis lobes in relation to the other species of the genus. The inner margins of penis lobes are basally parallel and divergent distally, and the outer margins are strongly curved. The apical spines are directed to the midline of the styliger plate as in S. diamantinensis and S. eurybasis, but in S. gracilianus the spines are longer (approximately half of the total length of penis lobes) while in S. diamantinensis and S. eurybasis the spines are less than the half of total length of penis lobes.
description: Published as part of Lima, Lucas R. C., 2018, New species of Simothraulopsis Demoulin, 1966 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Northeastern Region of Brazil, pp. 253-260 in Zootaxa 4461 (2) on pages 258-259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/1460068