cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hemolytic anemia following intravenous immunoglobulins in children with PIMS-TS: Two case reports
Creators: name: Sedlin, E.
name: Lau, Susanne
name: Bernuth, Horst Von
name: Kallinich, Tilmann
name: Mayer, Beate
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: PIMS-TS
subject: MIS-C
subject: hemolytic anemia
subject: blood group
subject: IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) administration
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: This is the first case report on two children presenting with immediate and severe hemolytic anemia following the administration of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) in the context of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Hemolytic anemia was described as a significant decrease in hemoglobin and an increase in lactate dehydrogenase after the second administration of high-dose IVIGs was performed. Both patients were found to have AB blood group. One of our patients showed massive pallor, weakness, and inability to walk in association with hemolysis. However, in both cases, the anemia was self-limiting and transfusion of red blood cells was not required: both patients recovered without persistent impact. Nonetheless, we aim to draw attention to this widely unknown adverse effect of IVIG, especially in the context of PIMS-TS. We suggest determining the patient's blood group prior to high-dose IVIG infusion and replacing the second IVIG through high-dose steroids or anticytokine therapy. Using IVIGs containing lower titers of specifically anti-A or anti-B antibodies to avoid isoagglutinin-caused hemolytic anemia is desirable; however, the information is not routinely available.
A stochastic Galerkin method with adaptive time-stepping for the Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Sousedík, Bedřich
name: Price, Randy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.3; G.1.8; G.3
subject: 35R60, 60H15, 65N22, 65N30, 65N35

description: We study the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations in the context of stochastic finite element discretizations. Specifically, we assume that the viscosity is a random field given in the form of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion, and we use the stochastic Galerkin method to extend the methodology from [D. A. Kay et al., \textit{SIAM J. Sci. Comput.} 32(1), pp. 111--128, 2010] into this framework. For the resulting stochastic problem, we explore the properties of the resulting stochastic solutions, and we also compare the results with that of Monte Carlo and stochastic collocation. Since the time-stepping scheme is fully implicit, we also propose strategies for efficient solution of the stochastic Galerkin linear systems using a preconditioned Krylov subspace method. The effectiveness of the stochastic Galerkin method is illustrated by numerical experiments.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures
MPEC 2023-N58 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 July 12)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Geometry induced phase transitions in magnetic spherical shell
Creators: name: Sloika, Mykola I.
name: Sheka, Denis D.
name: Kravchuk, Volodymyr P.
name: Pylypovskyi, Oleksandr V.
name: Gaididei, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibrium magnetization states in thin spherical shells of a magnetically soft ferromagnet are determined by the competition between two interactions: (i) The local exchange interaction favours the more homogeneous onion state with magnetization oriented in meridian directions; such a state is realized in relatively small particles. (ii) The nonlocal magnetostatic interaction prefers the double-vortex configuration with the magnetization oriented in the parallels directions, since it minimizes the volume magnetostatic charges. These sates are topologically equivalent, in contrast to the same-name states of magnetic nanoring. As a consequence, a continuous (the second order) phase transition between the vortex and onion states takes place. The detailed analytical description of the phase diagram is well confirmed by micromagnetic simulations.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Seasonality of human sleep: Polysomnographic data of a neuropsychiatric sleep clinic
Creators: name: Seidler, Aileen
name: Weihrich, Katy Sarah
name: Bes, Frederik
name: Zeeuw, Jan De
name: Kunz, Dieter
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: sleep
subject: REM
subject: polysomnography
subject: season
subject: human
subject: circadian
subject: slow wave sleep
subject: clinical data
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: While short-term effects of artificial light on human sleep are increasingly being studied, reports on long-term effects induced by season are scarce. Assessments of subjective sleep length over the year suggest a substantially longer sleep period during winter. Our retrospective study aimed to investigate seasonal variation in objective sleep measures in a cohort of patients living in an urban environment. In 2019, three-night polysomnography was performed on 292 patients with neuropsychiatric sleep disturbances. Measures of the diagnostic second nights were averaged per month and analyzed over the year. Patients were advised to sleep "as usual" including timing, except alarm clocks were not allowed. Exclusion criteria: administration of psychotropic agents known to influence sleep (N = 96), REM-sleep latency > 120 min (N = 5), technical failure (N = 3). Included were 188 patients: [46.6 +/- 15.9 years (mean +/- SD); range 17-81 years; 52% female]; most common sleep-related diagnoses: insomnia (N = 108), depression (N = 59) and sleep-related breathing disorders (N = 52). Analyses showed: 1. total sleep time (TST) longer during winter than summer (up to 60 min; not significant); 2. REM-sleep latency shorter during autumn than spring (about 25 min, p = 0.010); 3. REM-sleep longer during winter than spring (about 30 min, p = 0.009, 5% of TST, p = 0.011); 4. slow-wave-sleep stable winter to summer (about 60-70 min) with 30-50 min shorter during autumn (only significant as % of TST, 10% decrease, p = 0.017). Data suggest seasonal variation in sleep architecture even when living in an urban environment in patients with disturbed sleep. If replicated in a healthy population, this would provide first evidence for a need to adjust sleep habits to season.
Scalable Multi-Chain Coordination via the Hierarchical Longest Chain Rule
Creators: name: Georghiades, Yanni
name: Kreder, Karl
name: Downing, Jonathan
name: Orwick, Alan
name: Vishwanath, Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces BlockReduce, a Proof-of-Work (PoW) based blockchain system which achieves high transaction throughput through a hierarchy of merged mined blockchains, each operating in parallel on a partition the overall application state. Most notably, the full PoW available within the network is applied to all blockchains in BlockReduce, and cross-blockchain state transitions are enabled seamlessly within the core protocol. This paper shows that, given a hierarchy of blockchains and its associated security model, the protocol scales superlinearly in transaction throughput with the number of blockchains operated by the protocol.
A bound on energy dependence of chaos
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Murata, Keiju
name: Tanahashi, Norihiro
name: Watanabe, Ryota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conjecture a chaos energy bound, an upper bound on the energy dependence of the Lyapunov exponent for any classical/quantum Hamiltonian mechanics and field theories. The conjecture states that the Lyapunov exponent $λ(E)$ grows no faster than linearly in the total energy $E$ in the high energy limit. In other words, the exponent $c$ in $λ(E) \propto E^c \,(E\to\infty)$ satisfies $c\leq 1$. This chaos energy bound stems from thermodynamic consistency of out-of-time-order correlators (OTOC's) and applies to any classical/quantum system with finite $N$ / large $N$ ($N$ is the number of degrees of freedom) under plausible physical conditions on the Hamiltonians. To the best of our knowledge the chaos energy bound is satisfied by any classically chaotic Hamiltonian system known, and is consistent with the cerebrated chaos bound by Maldacena, Shenker and Stanford which is for quantum cases at large $N$. We provide arguments supporting the conjecture for generic classically chaotic billiards and multi-particle systems. The existence of the chaos energy bound may put a fundamental constraint on physical systems and the universe.
description: 3 pages, plus 7 pages of supplemental material; v2: minor revision with a reference and a footnote added
Evolution of AM CVn binaries with WD donors
Creators: name: Chen, Hai-Liang
name: Chen, Xuefei
name: Han, Zhanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution and stability of mass transfer of CO+He WD binaries are not well understood. Observationally they may emerge as AM CVn binaries and are important gravitational wave (GW) emitters. In this work, we have modeled the evolution of double WD binaries with accretor masses of $0.50 - 1.30\;M_{\odot}$ and donor masses of $0.17\; - 0.45\;M_{\odot}$ using the detailed stellar evolution code MESA. We find that the evolution of binaries with same donor masses but different accretor masses is very similar and binaries with same accretor masses but larger He donor masses have larger maximum mass transfer rates and smaller minimum orbital periods. We also demonstrate that the GW signal from AM CVn binaries can be detected by space-borne GW observatories, such as LISA, TianQin. And there is a linear relation between the donor mass and gravitational wave frequency during mass transfer phase. In our calculation, all binaries can have dynamically stable mass transfer, which is very different from previous studies. The threshold donor mass of Eddington-limited mass transfer for a given accretor WD mass is lower than previous studies. Assuming that a binary may enter common envelope if the mass transfer rate exceeds the maximum stable burning rate of He, we provide a new criterion for double WDs surviving mass transfer, which is below the threshold of Eddington-limit. Finally, we find that some systems with ONe WDs in our calculation may evolve into detached binaries consisting of neutron stars (NSs) and extremely low mass He WDs and further ultra-compact X-ray binaries.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
SWAG Newsletter (October, 1978)
Creators: name: Group, Victoria Status Of Women Action
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Women--Employment--Law and legislation
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176724
subject: Feminism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/922671
subject: Women--Legal status, laws, etc.
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176824
subject: Women--Social conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176947
subject: Women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176568
subject: Women's rights
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1178818
subject: Women--Societies and clubs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176970
subject: Women--Economic conditions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1176665
subject: Sex discrimination against women
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1114376

description: The Victoria chapter of the Status of Women Action Group (SWAG) was formed in 1971 in response to the 1970 Report of the Royal Commission on the Status of Women. SWAG is a feminist organization that promotes economic, political and social equality and freedom for women. It is a non-profit society with several committees working on specific issues of concern to women. The group is an active member of the BC and Yukon Association of Women's Centres and the National Action Committee on the Status of Women.
The ecology of the southern brown bandicoot in south-east Australian heathland
Creators: name: Lobert, B. O. .
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Statistical Equilibrium of Large Scales in Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Turbulence
Creators: name: Gorce, Jean-Baptiste
name: Falcon, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally three-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic turbulence at scales larger than the forcing scale. We manage to perform a scale separation between the forcing scale and the container size by injecting energy into the fluid using centimetric magnetic particles. We measure the statistics of the fluid velocity field at scales larger than the forcing scale (energy spectra, velocity distributions, and energy flux spectrum). In particular, we show that the large-scale dynamics are in statistical equilibrium and can be described with an effective temperature, although not isolated from the turbulent Kolmogorov cascade. In the large-scale domain, the energy flux is zero on average but exhibits intense temporal fluctuations. Our work paves the way to use equilibrium statistical mechanics to describe the large-scale properties of 3D turbulent flows.
Current state of phoenixin—the implications of the pleiotropic peptide in stress and its potential as a therapeutic target
Creators: name: Friedrich, T.
name: Stengel, Andreas
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: anxiety
subject: gut-brain
subject: depression
subject: psychosomatic
subject: phoenixin
subject: nesfatin
subject: stress
subject: anorexia
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Phoenixin is a pleiotropic peptide, whose known functions have broadened significantly over the last decade. Initially first described as a reproductive peptide in 2013, phoenixin is now recognized as being implicated in hypertension, neuroinflammation, pruritus, food intake, anxiety as well as stress. Due to its wide field of involvement, an interaction with physiological as well as psychological control loops has been speculated. It has shown to be both able to actively reduce anxiety as well as being influenced by external stressors. Initial rodent models have shown that central administration of phoenixin alters the behavior of the subjects when confronted with stress-inducing situations, proposing an interaction with the perception and processing of stress and anxiety. Although the research on phoenixin is still in its infancy, there are several promising insights into its functionality, which might prove to be of value in the pharmacological treatment of several psychiatric and psychosomatic illnesses such as anorexia nervosa, post-traumatic stress disorder as well as the increasingly prevalent stress-related illnesses of burnout and depression. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of phoenixin, its interactions with physiological processes as well as focus on the recent developments in stress response and the possible novel treatment options this might entail.
Formation of dust-rich planetesimals from sublimated pebbles inside of the snow line
Creators: name: Ida, Shigeru
name: Guillot, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Content: For up to a few millions of years, pebbles must provide a quasi-steady inflow of solids from the outer parts of protoplanetary disks to their inner regions. Aims: We wish to understand how a significant fraction of the pebbles grows into planetesimals instead of being lost to the host star. Methods:We examined analytically how the inward flow of pebbles is affected by the snow line and under which conditions dust-rich (rocky) planetesimals form. When calculating the inward drift of solids that is due to gas drag, we included the back-reaction of the gas to the motion of the solids. Results: We show that in low-viscosity protoplanetary disks (with a monotonous surface density similar to that of the minimum-mass solar nebula), the flow of pebbles does not usually reach the required surface density to form planetesimals by streaming instability. We show, however, that if the pebble-to-gas-mass flux exceeds a critical value, no steady solution can be found for the solid-to-gas ratio. This is particularly important for low-viscosity disks (alpha < 10^(-3)) where we show that inside of the snow line, silicate-dust grains ejected from sublimating pebbles can accumulate, eventually leading to the formation of dust-rich planetesimals directly by gravitational instability. Conclusions: This formation of dust-rich planetesimals may occur for extended periods of time, while the snow line sweeps from several au to inside of 1 au. The rock-to-ice ratio may thus be globally significantly higher in planetesimals and planets than in the central star.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Square Root Compression and Noise Effects in Digitally Transformed Images
Creators: name: DeForest, C. E.
name: Lowder, C.
name: Seaton, D. B.
name: West, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a particular example of noise and data representation interacting to introduce systematic error. Many instruments collect integer digitized values and appy nonlinear coding, in particular square-root coding, to compress the data for transfer or downlink; this can introduce surprising systematic errors when they are decoded for analysis. Square root coding and subsequent decoding typically introduces a variable, $\pm 1$ count value-dependent systematic bias in the data after reconstitution. This is significant when large numbers of measurements (e.g., image pixels) are averaged together. Using direct modeling of the probabiliity distribution of particular coded values in the presence of instrument noise, one may apply Bayes' Theorem to construct a decoding table that reduces this error source to a very small fraction of a digitizer step; in our example, systematic error from square root coding is reduced by a factor of 20 from 0.23 count RMS to 0.013 count RMS. The method is suitable both for new experiments such as the upcoming PUNCH mission, and also for post facto application to existing data sets -- even if the instrument noise properties are only loosely known. Further, the method does not depend on the specifics of the coding formula, and may be applied to other forms of nonlinear coding or representation of data values.
description: Accepted to Astrophysical Journal
An Incremental Contact Model for Rough Surfaces of Strain Hardening Solids
Creators: name: Ding, Yue
name: Liang, Xuan-Ming
name: Wang, Gang-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The load-area relation of rough surfaces is of great interest in tribology. For elastic-plastic solids with strain hardening, an incremental model is adopted to analyze the contact of rough surfaces, in which the contact is modeled by accumulation of equivalent circular contacts with varying radius. For three typical rough surfaces with various material properties, comparisons with direct finite element calculations demonstrate the efficiency of this incremental contact model. An approximate linear relation between load and contact area is predicted by both methods up to a contact fraction of 15%. The influence of yield stress and strain hardening index on the load-area proportionality is presented. This work gives a simple while effective method to calculate the load-area relation for rough contact of strain hardening materials.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures
Design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecule inhibitors of human N-myristoyltransferase
Creators: name: Shen, Mengjie
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is an enzyme that catalyses the transfer of myristate to the N-terminal glycine of protein substrates. In human, two NMT proteins are expressed, playing crucial roles in protein membrane binding and targeting. They are involved in many diseases like cancer and common cold. This project aims to develop human NMT inhibitors as tools for NMT functional study and as potential treatments of N-myristoylation dependent diseases. In subchapter 2.1, five previously developed inhibitors were re-purified and tested for enzyme activity by the CMP assay. All compounds show inhibitions against both human NMT1/2 with IC50s between 1.3-25 µM, but no inhibition against Lm NMT. The reason for the abnormal curves found in the CPM assay was systematically explored. Inhibitor-CPM adducts were identified and a likely side reaction mechanism was proposed. In subchapter 2.2, ten inhibitors with a new linker were synthesized based on a developing series. The new linker is generally tolerant, brings better EC50/IC50 ratios and the best compound shows an IC50 of 0.31 µM. Crystallography structures of the best compound and its old-linker analogue were solved and used to explore SARs. Tagging assay showed dose-dependent labelling, providing direct evidence of target engagement. In subchapter 2.3, a target repurposing approach was used to explore nematode NMT inhibitors from existing NMT inhibitors. Eight plasmodium or malaria NMT inhibitors were tested in the enzyme activity study and all showed inhibition. Their SARs were analysed using human NMT structures. Seven compounds were further tested for in vivo activities and one showed a higher potency than the positive control. In Chapter 3, eleven ligand-protein structures of the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-phenoxy series and nine structures of azetidinopyrimidines series were solved by X-ray crystallography. Extensive binding modes analysis has revealed their key SARs. Multi-conformations are identified and investigated. Insights of crystal obtainment were summarized and discussed.
Spatially resolved study of the SS 433/W50 west region with Chandra: X-ray structure and spectral variation of non-thermal emission
Creators: name: Kayama, Kazuho
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Tsuru, Takeshi Go
name: Sudoh, Takahiro
name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Tsuji, Naomi
name: Yamamoto, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray binary SS 433, embedded in the W50 nebula (or supernova remnant W50), shows bipolar jets that are ejected with mildly relativistic velocities, and extend toward the east and west out to scales of tens of parsecs. Previous X-ray observations revealed twin lobes along the jet precession axis that contain compact bright knots dominated by synchrotron radiation, which provide evidence of electron acceleration in this system. Particle acceleration in this system is substantiated by the recently detected gamma rays with energies up to at least 25 TeV. To further elucidate the origin of the knots and particle acceleration sites in SS 433/W50, we report here on detailed, spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of its western lobe with Chandra. We detect synchrotron emission along the jet precession axis, as well as optically thin thermal emission that is more spatially extended. Between the two previously known knots, w1 and w2, we discover another synchrotron knot, which we call w1.5. We find no significant synchrotron emission between SS 433 and the innermost X-ray knot (w1), suggesting that electrons only begin to be accelerated at w1. The X-ray spectra become gradually steeper from w1 to w2, and then rapidly so immediately outside of w2. Comparing with a model taking into account electron transport and cooling along the jet, this result indicates that the magnetic field in w2 is substantially enhanced, which also explains its brightness. We discuss possible origins of the enhanced magnetic field of w2 as well as scenarios to explain the other two knots.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, Accepted to PASJ
Almost sure recovery in quasi-periodic structures
Creators: name: Petrache, Mircea
name: Viera, Rodolfo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study random perturbations of quasi-periodic uniformly discrete sets in the $d$-dimensional euclidean space. By means of Diffraction Theory, we find conditions under which a quasi-periodic set $X$ can be almost surely recovered from its random perturbations. This extends the recent periodic case result of Yakir from "Recovery the lattice from its random perturbations" IMRN 2020 (arXiv:200201508).
description: 24 pages. Key words: quasi-crystals, mathematical diffraction, stationarity. Comments to V3: Final version. To appear in Journal of Statistical Physics
Measurement Standard for Monitoring Performance of Machine Tools in Harsh Environmental Condition
Creators: name: Acko, Bojan
name: Milfelner, Matjaz
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: traceability
subject: machine tool
subject: in-process measurement
subject: measurement standard
subject: thermal expansion
subject: 06.20.fb

description: This article is based on a presentation at the conference "MacroScale 2014 - Recent developments in traceable dimensional measurements", Vienna (Austria), 28th-30th October 2014.
description: The principle of in-process metrology is to obtain measurement data directly in the manufacturing process and to use them for effective process control and for reliable quality assurance. One prerequisite to significantly improve the manufacturing processes is the incorporation of traceable dimensional metrology directly on machine tools. In order to introduce traceability chain into in-process geometrical measurements, European project EMRP IND62 TIM was agreed between EC and European metrology association Euramet. One of the tasks of the project is to develop highly accurate robust temperature invariant measurement standards that can be used in the harsh environment of the production floor for verification and mapping of the measurement errors of machine tools. Laboratory for Production measurement (LTM) at the University of Maribor - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering is taking part in the consortium of this joint research project. The main task of LTM is to develop, manufacture and calibrate at least one 1D measurement standard with length up to 2 m and with thermal expansion coefficient close to 0. The task is being performed in co-operation with EMO Orodjarna and Veplas. The design is based on composite body and ceramic probing balls. Original approach of compensating thermal expansion was introduced in order to enable use of the standard in harsh environmental conditions. Furthermore, the standard is designed as a modular artifact that can be assembled in four different lengths (500 mm, 1000 mm, 1500 mm and 2000 mm). The article is presenting basic design characteristics and application possibilities of this standard.
AMPK‐regulated miRNAs in pancreatic β‐cells: underlying molecular mechanisms and high throughput target identification
Creators: name: Pizza, Grazia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that silence gene expression post-transcriptionally and play a key role in the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). In pancreatic β‐cells, miRNAs control glucose‐induced insulin secretion and content and their expression is altered in T2D and hyperglycaemia through unknown molecular mechanisms. MiR‐184, an important regulator of insulin secretion, and miR‐125b, whose role in β‐cells is still unknown, are both regulated by glucose through AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a nutrient sensor essential for cellular energy homeostasis and suggested target for anti-diabetes drugs. With this thesis we aimed to identify the mechanisms linked to AMPK-mediated transcription regulation of miR-184 and miR-125b in β-cells. We also aimed to elucidate miR-125b function in β-cells through high-throughput identification of its direct targets. Finally, we aimed to develop a high‐throughput method (AGO2 eiCLIP-seq) to identify all specific miRNA‐mRNA interactions in human β-cells. Our results suggest that AMPK mediates glucose-dependent miR-184 expression regulation independently of CTCF and that miR-184 TSS is located ~121 Kb upstream of MIR184 in a less accessible region in LKB1KO islets, suggesting a positive regulatory role in miR-184 transcription for AMPK. We also found that miR-125b expression is negatively regulated by SMAD3 and that the AMPK-mediated down-regulation of miR-125b might occur independently of SMAD3. Importantly, we identified miR-125b direct targets in β‐cells and found that miR-125b overexpression results in abnormally enlarged lysosomes that could contribute to impaired nutrient signalling and/or insulin biosynthesis. Finally, I optimized the usage of enhanced single-nucleotide resolution UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eiCLIP) against Argonaute 2 (AGO2 – an essential miRISC component) in EndoC-βH1 human β-cells, which will support the precise mapping of the entire β‐cell miRNA targetome. My findings provide new insights into the regulation and role of β-cell miRNAs and may contribute to the identification of future therapeutic targets for the treatment of T2D.
Aspects of the ecology of the swamp wallaby, wallabia bicolor (Desmarest) in eucalyptus regnans (F. Muell) and pinus radiata (D. Don) plantations
Creators: name: Waters, Ron.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Imaging and Spectroscopic Observations of the Dynamic Processes in Limb Solar Flares
Creators: name: Yu, Ke
name: Li, Y.
name: Hong, Jie
name: Song, De-Chao
name: Ding, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate various dynamic processes including magnetic reconnection, chromospheric evaporation, and coronal rain draining in two limb solar flares through imaging and spectroscopic observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. In the early phase of the flares, a bright and dense loop-top structure with a cusp-like shape can be seen in multi-wavelength images, which is co-spatial with the hard X-ray 25--50 keV emission. In particular, intermittent magnetic reconnection downflows are detected in the time-space maps of AIA 304 Å. The reconnection downflows are manifested as redshifts on one half of the loops and blueshifts on the other half in the IRIS Si {\sc iv} 1393.76 Å line due to a projection effect. The Si {\sc iv} profiles exhibit complex features (say, multi-peak) with a relatively larger width at the loop-top region. During the impulsive phase, chromospheric evaporation is observed in both AIA images and the IRIS Fe {\sc xxi} 1354.08 Å line. Upward motions can be seen from AIA 131 Å images. The Fe {\sc xxi} line is significantly enhanced and shows a good Gaussian shape. In the gradual phase, warm rains are observed as downward moving plasmas in AIA 304 Å images. Both the Si {\sc iv} and Fe {\sc xxi} lines show a relatively symmetric shape with a larger width around the loop top. These results provide observational evidence for various dynamic processes involved in and are crucial to understand the energy release process of solar flares.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Near unity Raman $β$-factor of surface enhanced Raman scattering in a waveguide
Creators: name: Fu, Ming
name: Mota, Mónica P. dS. P.
name: Xiao, Xiaofei
name: Jacassi, Andrea
name: Güsken, Nicholas A.
name: Li, Yi
name: Riaz, Ahad
name: Maier, Stefan A.
name: Oulton, Rupert F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Raman scattering of light by molecular vibrations offers a powerful technique to 'fingerprint' molecules via their internal bonds and symmetries. Since Raman scattering is weak, methods to enhance, direct and harness it are highly desirable, e.g. through the use of optical cavities, waveguides, and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). While SERS offers dramatic enhancements by localizing light within vanishingly small 'hot-spots' in metallic nanostructures, these tiny interaction volumes are only sensitive to few molecules, yielding weak signals that are difficult to detect. Here, we show that SERS from 4-Aminothiophenol (4-ATP) molecules bonded to a plasmonic gap waveguide is directed into a single mode with >99% efficiency. Although sacrificing a confinement dimension, we find 10$^4$ times SERS enhancement across a broad spectral range enabled by the waveguide's larger sensing volume and non-resonant mode. Remarkably, the waveguide-SERS (W-SERS) is bright enough to image Raman transport across the waveguides exposing the roles of nanofocusing and the Purcell effect. Emulating the $β$-factor from laser physics, the near unity Raman $β$-factor observed exposes the SERS technique in a new light and points to alternative routes to controlling Raman scattering. The ability of W-SERS to direct Raman scattering is relevant to Raman sensors based on integrated photonics with applications in gas and bio-sensing as well as healthcare.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures in the main article; 12 pages, 7 figures in the supplementary information
Optimal charging of open spin-chain quantum batteries via homodyne-based feedback control
Creators: name: Yao, Y.
name: Shao, X. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of charging a dissipative one-dimensional $XXX$ spin-chain quantum battery using local magnetic fields in the presence of spin decay. The introduction of quantum feedback control based on homodyne measurement contributes to improve various performance of the quantum battery, such as energy storage, ergotropy, and effective space utilization rate. For the zero temperature environment, there is a set of optimal parameters to ensure that the spin-chain quantum battery can be fully charged and the energy stored in the battery can be fully extracted under the perfect measurement condition, which is found through the analytical calculation of a simple two-site spin-chain quantum battery and further verified by numerical simulation of a four-site spin-chain counterpart. For completeness, the adverse effects of imperfect measurement, anisotropic parameter, and finite temperature on the charging process of the quantum battery are also considered.
description: 12 pgaes, 12 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. E
Hyperbolic complex contact structures on $\mathbb{C}^{2n+1}$
Creators: name: Forstneric, Franc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D10, 32M17, 32Q45, 37J55

description: In this paper we construct complex contact structures on $\mathbb{C}^{2n+1}$ for any $n\ge 1$ with the property that every holomorphic Legendrian map $\mathbb{C}\to \mathbb{C}^{2n+1}$ is constant. In particular, these contact structures are not globally contactomorphic to the standard complex contact structure on $\mathbb{C}^{2n+1}$.
description: to appear in J. Geom. Anal
Visualizing the pulsar population using graph theory
Creators: name: García, C. R.
name: Torres, Diego F.
name: Patruno, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $P\dot P$ diagram is a cornerstone of pulsar research. It is used in multiple ways for classifying the population, understanding evolutionary tracks, identifying issues in our theoretical reach, and more. However, we have been looking at the same plot for more than five decades. A fresh appraisal may be healthy. Is the $P\dot P$-diagram the most useful or complete way to visualize the pulsars we know? Here we pose a fresh look at the information we have on the pulsar population. First, we use principal components analysis over magnitudes depending on the intrinsic pulsar's timing properties (proxies to relevant physical pulsar features), to analyze whether the information contained by the pulsar's period and period derivative is enough to describe the variety of the pulsar population. Even when the variables of interest depend on $P$ and $\dot P$, we show that $P\dot P$ are not principal components. Thus, any distance ranking or visualization based only on $P$ and $\dot P$ is potentially misleading. Next, we define and compute a properly normalized distance to measure pulsar nearness, calculate the minimum spanning tree of the population, and discuss possible applications. The pulsar tree hosts information about pulsar similarities that go beyond $P$ and $\dot P$, and are thus naturally difficult to read from the $P\dot P$-diagram. We use this work to introduce the pulsar tree website http://www.pulsartree.ice.csic.es containing visualization tools and data to allow users to gather information in terms of MST and distance ranking.
description: In press in MNRAS. The pulsar tree website is at http://www.pulsartree.ice.csic.es
Ab-initio calculations of electric field gradients, spin rotation constants and nuclear magnetic shielding in molecules [
Creators: name: Head, Martin.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Information flow, Gating, and Energetics in dimeric molecular motors
Creators: name: Takaki, Ryota
name: Mugnai, Mauro L.
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular motors belonging to the kinesin and myosin super family hydrolyze ATP by cycling through a sequence of chemical states. These cytoplasmic motors are dimers made up of two linked identical monomeric globular proteins. Fueled by the free energy generated by ATP hydrolysis, the motors walk on polar tracks (microtubule or filamentous actin) processively, which means that only one head detaches and executes a mechanical step while the other stays bound to the track. Thus, the one motor head must regulate chemical state of the other, referred to as "gating", a concept that is not fully understood. Inspired by experiments, showing that only a fraction of the energy from ATP hydrolysis is used to advance the kinesin motors against load, we demonstrate that additional energy is used for coordinating the chemical cycles of the two heads in the dimer - a feature that characterizes gating. To this end, we develop a general framework based on information theory and stochastic thermodynamics, and establish that gating could be quantified in terms of information flow between the motor heads. Applications of the theory to kinesin-1 and Myosin V show that information flow occurs, with positive cooperativity, at external resistive loads that are less than a critical value, $F_c$. When force exceeds $F_c$, effective information flow ceases. Interestingly, $F_c$, which is independent of the input energy generated through ATP hydrolysis, coincides with force at which the probability of backward steps starts to increase. Our findings suggest that transport efficiency is optimal only at forces less than $F_c$, which implies that these motors must operate at low loads under $\textit{in vivo}$ conditions.
Improving the Efficiency of DAMAS for Sound Source Localization via Wavelet Compression Computational Grid
Creators: name: Ma, Wei
name: Liu, Xun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phased microphone arrays are used widely in the applications for acoustic source localization. Deconvolution approaches such as DAMAS successfully overcome the spatial resolution limit of the conventional delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming method. However deconvolution approaches require high computational effort compared to conventional DAS beamforming method. This paper presents a novel method that serves to improve the efficiency of DAMAS via wavelet compression computational grid rather than via optimizing DAMAS algorithm. In this method, the efficiency of DAMAS increases with compression ratio. This method can thus save lots of run time in industrial applications for sound source localization, particularly when sound sources are just located in a small extent compared with scanning plane and a band of angular frequency needs to be calculated. In addition, this method largely retains the spatial resolution of DAMAS on original computational grid, although with a minor deficiency that the occurrence probability of aliasing increasing slightly for complicated sound source.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, 23 conferences
Electron cryotomography studies of membrane-associated influenza haemagglutinin
Creators: name: Turner, Jack
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The lipid-enveloped Influenza A virus (IAV) is responsible for yearly epidemics and sporadic pandemics. Important steps for virus entry into the host cell are mediated by the haemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein on the virus surface. Following binding of cell surface receptors, the virus enters cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Acidification of the endosome triggers a low pH-induced conformational change in the HA that brings about fusion of the virus and endosome membrane. Studies of the HA by X-ray crystallography as well as electron microscopy have revealed structures of the protein ectodomain at neutral pH and at the pH of membrane fusion. However, to fully understand biological functions of the HA, it is important to study structures and structural changes in the context of membranes. Cryotomography has previously been applied to image virus fusion with liposomes which suggests that in addition to structural changes in the HA, ultrastructural changes in the virus may be important to membrane fusion. The aim of this thesis is to understand the structure of HA and its role in membrane fusion in the absence of other viral components to provide a comparison to protein and membrane structure observed in studies on virus. As the main approach, I use cryo-electron microscopy to study full-length influenza HA reconstituted in liposomes (virosomes). I perform cryotomography and subtomogram averaging to obtain a structure for the ectodomain on virosomes at sub-nanometer resolution, showing that the HA ectodomain has the same structure as the isolated ectodomain from X-ray studies. I also show that the HA is flexibly linked to the membrane, develop a method to measure the angle of the HA with respect to the membrane by the relative orientation assignment of subtomograms, and discuss the role of flexibility in membrane fusion. I go on to image the association and fusion of virosomes with liposomes at the pH of fusion and compare these to images and tomograms of influenza virus fusion with liposomes with and without the presence of an inhibitor of the M2 proton. While initial stages in membrane fusion of virosomes resemble that of virus fusion, later steps show differences which identify potential roles of the viral matrix layer in membrane fusion. Virosomes exposed to the pH of fusion also, on occasion, presented hexameric lattices of HA proteins on their surface, a feature not observed on virus. I then go on to apply subtomogram averaging to HA on virus and virosomes following incubation at low pH and proteolysis, revealing a structure on the membrane similar to the structure of the fragment of the HA generated at membrane fusion pH and determined by X-ray crystallography. This structure supports previous studies that show the transmembrane and fusion peptide regions colocalise at the membrane when the HA protein has refolded into its post-fusion form.
Bayesian hierarchical modelling of the $\mathrm{M_{\star}}$-SFR relation from 1
Creators: name: Sandles, L.
name: Curtis-Lake, E.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Chevallard, J.
name: Maiolino, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubble Frontier Fields represent the opportunity to probe the high-redshift evolution of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies to lower masses than possible in blank fields thanks to foreground lensing of massive galaxy clusters. We use the BEAGLE SED-fitting code to derive stellar masses, $\mathrm{M_{\star}}=\log(M/\mathrm{M_{\odot}})$, SFRs, $Ψ=\log(ψ/\mathrm{M_{\odot}}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1})$ and redshifts from galaxies within the ASTRODEEP catalogue. We fit a fully Bayesian hierarchical model of the main sequence over $1.253$, measurements of the main sequence to low masses and high redshifts still strongly depend on priors employed in SED fitting (as well as other fitting assumptions). Future data-sets with JWST should improve this.
description: MNRAS published
Synthetic approaches towards mycorrhizin A and velloziolide
Creators: name: Teo, Peter Yoke Teck.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.