cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovering Interesting Cycles in Directed Graphs
Creators: name: Adriaens, Florian
name: Aslay, Cigdem
name: De Bie, Tijl
name: Gionis, Aristides
name: Lijffijt, Jefrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cycles in graphs often signify interesting processes. For example, cyclic trading patterns can indicate inefficiencies or economic dependencies in trade networks, cycles in food webs can identify fragile dependencies in ecosystems, and cycles in financial transaction networks can be an indication of money laundering. Identifying such interesting cycles, which can also be constrained to contain a given set of query nodes, although not extensively studied, is thus a problem of considerable importance. In this paper, we introduce the problem of discovering interesting cycles in graphs. We first address the problem of quantifying the extent to which a given cycle is interesting for a particular analyst. We then show that finding cycles according to this interestingness measure is related to the longest cycle and maximum mean-weight cycle problems (in the unconstrained setting) and to the maximum Steiner cycle and maximum mean Steiner cycle problems (in the constrained setting). A complexity analysis shows that finding interesting cycles is NP-hard, and is NP-hard to approximate within a constant factor in the unconstrained setting, and within a factor polynomial in the input size for the constrained setting. The latter inapproximability result implies a similar result for the maximum Steiner cycle and maximum mean Steiner cycle problems. Motivated by these hardness results, we propose a number of efficient heuristic algorithms. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods and demonstrate their practical utility on two real-world use cases: a food web and an international trade-network dataset.
description: Accepted for CIKM'19
Towards a Kernel based Uncertainty Decomposition Framework for Data and Models
Creators: name: Singh, Rishabh
name: Principe, Jose C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper introduces a new framework for quantifying predictive uncertainty for both data and models that relies on projecting the data into a Gaussian reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) and transforming the data probability density function (PDF) in a way that quantifies the flow of its gradient as a topological potential field quantified at all points in the sample space. This enables the decomposition of the PDF gradient flow by formulating it as a moment decomposition problem using operators from quantum physics, specifically the Schrodinger's formulation. We experimentally show that the higher order modes systematically cluster the different tail regions of the PDF, thereby providing unprecedented discriminative resolution of data regions having high epistemic uncertainty. In essence, this approach decomposes local realizations of the data PDF in terms of uncertainty moments. We apply this framework as a surrogate tool for predictive uncertainty quantification of point-prediction neural network models, overcoming various limitations of conventional Bayesian based uncertainty quantification methods. Experimental comparisons with some established methods illustrate performance advantages exhibited by our framework.
New Gantry Beam Optics Solution for Minimising Treatment Time in Cyclotron-based Proton Therapy Facilities
Creators: name: Maradia, Vivek
name: Meer, David
name: Giovannelli, Anna C.
name: Lomax, Anthony J.
name: Weber, Damien C.
name: Schippers, Jacobus M.
name: Psoroulas, Serena
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: proton therapy
Particle therapy
Gantry
Cyclotron based proton therapy facility
Spot Scanning
Pencil beam scanning proton therapy
high dose rates
Ultrafast treatment

description: Treatment delivery time in proton therapy depends on beam-on time and the time required to change energy layers and/or lateral position. For cyclotron-based facilities, low energy beams (100-70 MeV) are inefficiently transported through beamlines due to their large emittance after the degrader (~400 pi*mm*mrad 2-sigma emittance), whereas the beamline and Gantry can only transport small emittances (e.g. 30 pi*mm*mrad for PSI Gantry 2) resulting in a low dose rate at the patient and increased beam-on time. 
In this work, we aim to maximize the emittance transported through the gantry for low energy beams. By choosing a small divergence, but large beam size, at the gantry entrance, it is possible to transport higher emittances through the gantry without compromising transmission. Additionally, in order to retrieve small beam sizes at the patient, we propose a 2:1 imaging of the gantry beam optics between the gantry coupling point and the patient.
This concept has been experimentally validated on Gantry 2 at PSI. A beam with an emittance of 90 pi*mm*mrad and ~60% transmission was transported through the gantry. As we are transporting only a narrow part of the large Gaussian beam after the degrader, this 3 times higher emittance corresponds to ~3 times more transported particles. With this, treatment times for example cases (lung and liver) have been estimated to reduce by a factor of 2 to 3. Such a beam optic could therefore have substantial potential for reducing treatment times, and be of particular advantage for the treatment of moving targets.
Strangeness Production in Nuclear Matter and Expansion Dynamics
Creators: name: Toneev, V. D.
name: Nikonov, E. G.
name: Friman, B.
name: Noerenberg, W.
name: Redlich, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamical properties of hot and dense nuclear matter are analyzed and compared for different equation of state (EoS). It is argued that the softest point of the equation of state and the strangeness separation on the phase boundary can manifest themselves in observables. The influence of the EoS and the order of the phase transition on the expansion dynamics of nuclear matter and strangeness excitation function is analyzed. It is shown that bulk properties of strangeness production in A-A collisions depend only weakly on the particular form of the EoS. The predictions of different models are related with experimental data on strangeness production.
description: 38 pages
Blackburneus surinamensis Dellacasa & Dellacasa & Gordon 2011, newspecies
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
name: Gordon, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Blackburneus
Blackburneus surinamensis

description: Blackburneus surinamensis newspecies
(Fig. 155-159)
 Type locality. Ston Eiland Eco Resort near Brownsberg, Brokopondo Dist., 04 o 59’0”N – 55 o 08’0”W; Suriname.
 Type repository. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, FL (U.S.A.).
 Description. Length 3.5-4.0 mm; moderately elongate, convex, shiny, glabrous. Dark reddish brown, legs somewhat paler, antennal club testaceous. Head with epistome feebly convex on disc, medially depressed toward clypeal margin, distinctly, irregularly, not densely punctured; clypeus feebly sinuate at middle, round at sides, verythinly bordered, edge glabrous anddistinctly upturned on each side of median sinuosity; genae round, not ciliate, not protruding from the eyes; the latter rather large; frontal suture almost obsolete; front coarsely irregularly punctured. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, dually not closely punctured; large punctures, seven to eight times larger than small ones, irregularly scattered, very sparse and superficial on sides, lacking on disc; small punctures irregularly, not closely scattered throughout, finer and sparser on disc; lateral margins feebly arcuate, thinly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtusely round; base feebly bisinuate not bordered. Scutellum flat, rather finely irregularly punctured on basal half. Elytra faintly widened posteriorly, rather deeply striate; striae distinctly punc- tured, feebly crenulate; interstriae almost flat near imperceptibly sparsely punctured. Hind tibiae superior apical spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter longer than following three segments combined. Male: headand pronotum somewhatmore transverse, less convexand lesscoarsely punctured; metasternal plate longitudinally grooved medially; aedeagus Fig. 158-159. Female: head and pronotum somewhat less transverse, more convex and more coarsely punctured; metasternal plate nearly flat.
 Type material. SURINAME: Brokopondo Dist., Ston Eiland Eco Resort, nr. Brownsberg, 04 o 59’0”N – 55 o 08’0”W; 10-13.II. 2010; leg. P. Skelley, W. Warner, C. Gillett (light) (holotype, allotype and 3 paratypes, FSCA; 2 paratypes, NZCS; 3 paratypes, DCGI); idem, 10-13.II.2010, leg. P. Skelley (at light) (3 paratypes, FSCA).
 Distribution. Known from type locality only.
 Etymology. Named after the type locality.
 Bionomics. Unknown. Specimens of type series were collected in February at light.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2011, Systematic revision of the American taxa belonging to the genera Alloblackburneus Bordat, 2009, and Blackburneus Schmidt, 1913, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-52 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (204) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10090539
Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy for probing strongly correlated many-body systems by scanning tunneling microscopy
Creators: name: Eickhoff, Fabian
name: Kolodzeiski, Elena
name: Esat, Taner
name: Fournier, Norman
name: Wagner, Christian
name: Deilmann, Thorsten
name: Temirov, Ruslan
name: Rohlfing, Michael
name: Tautz, F. Stefan
name: Anders, Frithjof B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of the tunneling theory for scanning tunneling microcopy (STM) to include different types of vibrational-electronic couplings responsible for inelastic contributions to the tunnel current in the strong-coupling limit. It allows for a better understanding of more complex scanning tunneling spectra of molecules on a metallic substrate in separating elastic and inelastic contributions. The starting point is the exact solution of the spectral functions for the electronic active local orbitals in the absence of the STM tip. This includes electron-phonon coupling in the coupled system comprising the molecule and the substrate to arbitrary order including the anti-adiabatic strong coupling regime as well as the Kondo effect on a free electron spin of the molecule. The tunneling current is derived in second order of the tunneling matrix element which is expanded in powers of the relevant vibrational displacements. We use the results of an ab-initio calculation for the single-particle electronic properties as an adapted material-specific input for a numerical renormalization group approach for accurately determining the electronic properties of a NTCDA molecule on Ag(111) as a challenging sample system for our theory. Our analysis shows that the mismatch between the ab-initio many-body calculation of the tunnel current in the absence of any electron-phonon coupling to the experiment scanning tunneling spectra can be resolved by including two mechanisms: (i) a strong unconventional Holstein term on the local substrate orbital leads to reduction of the Kondo temperature and (ii) a different electron-vibrational coupling to the tunneling matrix element is responsible for inelastic steps in the $dI/dV$ curve at finite frequencies.
description: 34 pages, 26 figure
MOESM6 of Acute kidney injury in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Folkestad, Torgeir
name: Brurberg, Kjetil
name: Kine Nordhuus
name: Tveiten, Christine
name: Guttormsen, Anne
name: Os, Ingrid
name: Beitland, Sigrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Quality assessment of included studies. Table showing the quality assessment of studies according to the Newcastle â€“ Ottawa quality assessment scale.
Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency Level of Inshore Fisheries in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
Creators: name: Aisyah, Nurul
name: Arumugam, Nalini
name: Hussein, Mohd. Ariff
name: Latiff, Ismail
name: Aisyah, Nurul
name: Arumugam, Nalini
name: Hussein, Mohd. Ariff
name: Latiff, Ismail
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Fishermen
subject: Technical efficiency
subject: Data envelopment analysis.

description: The objective of this study is to determine factors affecting the technical efficiency of the inshore fisheries in Kuala Terengganu. Data for the study was collected from a survey conducted between June and August 2007 where 100 fishermen in 14 villages were chosen by stratified sampling. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Tobit analysis were employed to determine the technical efficiency level and factors influencing technical efficiency among the fishermen. Results of the study show that, most fishing units exhibit a low degree of technical efficiency. This implies that either fishing inputs were used inefficiently or insufficient inputs were used in fishing activities. The mean technical efficiency for the sample was estimated to be 55% for the peak season and 40% for the non peak season. About 37% and 62% of the fishermen had less than 40% level of technical efficiency in peak season and non peak season respectively. Management variables (planning, staffing and controlling) and demographic variables (size of horsepower, size of family and formal education) exert positive effects on technical efficiency of inshore fisheries in Kuala Terengganu. These findings suggest that there is much room for improvement in efficiency among a large segment of the inshore fishermen. With appropriate training and using more advanced technologies, fishermen’ level of technical efficiency can be raised.
MOESM4 of Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia
Creators: name: Everlyn Kamau
name: Oketch, John
name: Zaydah Laurent
name: Phan, My
name: Agoti, Charles
name: D. Nokes
name: Cotten, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S1. Summaries of HMPV prevalence and incidence as reported in various publications.
Weather Derivatives and Crop Insurance in China
Creators: name: Sun, Baojing
name: Guo, Changhao
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Sun, Baojing
name: Guo, Changhao
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: financial weather derivatives
subject: climate risk
subject: corn production
subject: rainfall

description: The effectiveness of financial weather derivatives to hedge against risk in agriculture has not been well demonstrated; therefore, this risk hedging instrument has only been slowly adopted. The current study analyzes the hedging efficiency of weather index derivatives for corn production in Northeast China. It has two purposes: (1) to identify potential weather variables, such as cumulative rainfall or growing degree days, that impact corn yields; and (2) to analyze the efficiency of financial weather derivatives under varying strike values, where efficiency is defined in terms of its benefit to farmers. Regression results indicate that cumulative rainfall is important for crop production in the study region, and that, under some circumstances, it is efficient to use a weather-indexed financial derivatives to hedge the corresponding risk.
On the Extremal Zagreb Indices of $\mathbf{\textit{n}}$-Vertex Chemical Trees with Fixed Number of Segments or Branching Vertices
Creators: name: Noureen, Sadia
name: Ali, Akbar
name: Bhatti, Akhlaq Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $\mathcal{CT}_{n,k}$ and $\mathcal{CT}^*_{n,b}$ be the classes of all $n$-vertex chemical trees with $k$ segments and $b$ branching vertices, respectively, where $3\le k\le n-1$ and $1\le b< \frac{n}{2}-1$. The solution of the problem of finding trees from the class $\mathcal{CT}_{n,k}$ or $\mathcal{CT}^*_{n,b}$, with the minimum first Zagreb index or minimum second Zagreb index follows directly from the main results of [MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 72 (2014) 825-834] or [MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 74 (2015) 57-79]. In this paper, the chemical trees with the maximum first/second Zagreb index are characterized from each of the aforementioned graph classes.
description: 21 pages, no figure
Entanglement Cost of Three-Level Antisymmetric States
Creators: name: Yura, Fumitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the entanglement cost of the three-dimensional antisymmetric states is one ebit.
description: 8pages
Family Unification on an Orbifold
Creators: name: Han, Zhenyu
name: Skiba, Witold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a family-unified model on a Z_2xZ_2 orbifold in five dimensions. The model is based on a supersymmetric SU(7) gauge theory. The gauge group is broken by orbifold boundary conditions to a product of grand unified SU(5) and SU(2)xU(1) flavor symmetry. The structure of Yukawa matrices is generated by an interplay between spontaneous breaking of flavor symmetry and geometric factors arising due to field localization in the extra dimension.
description: 13 pages
Additional file 2 of TGF-β1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis via circPhf21a-Vegfa axis in osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Lin, Shiyuan
name: Li, Huizi
name: Wu, Biao
name: Shang, Jie
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Peng, Rong
name: Xing, Baizhou
name: Xu, Xianghe
name: Lu, Huading
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. RNA-seq of the circRNAs for PMCs treated with and without TGF-β1. Table S1. Primers and sequences used in this study. Table S2. RNA-seq of differentially expressed circRNAs between PMCs with and without TGF-β1 treatment. Table S3. RNA-seq of differentially expressed mRNAs between PMCs transfected with oe-NC and oe-circPhf21a plasmids.
胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤原发灶至转移灶克隆进化研究
Creators: name: 童舟(TongZhou)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Variation
Multiisolate

description: 对于胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤原发灶至转移灶相关研究并无报道。通过对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤同一患者的原发灶和转移灶组织病理进行测序，展现从原发灶至转移灶的克隆变化，并通过生信分析结果比较G2和G3的区别、原发灶至转移灶的区别。
Additional file 2 of Metabolomics analyses of traditional Chinese medicine formula Shuang Huang Lian by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Creators: name: Xu, Gang
name: Shu, Yachun
name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. The average MS/MS spectra of the 47 commonly identified components in all three SHL preparation forms for all collision energies (10, 20, and 40 eV) by their predominant ESI modes.
Blackburneus thomasi Dellacasa & Dellacasa & Gordon 2011, newspecies
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
name: Gordon, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Blackburneus
Blackburneus thomasi

description: Blackburneus thomasi newspecies
(Fig. 145-149)
 Type locality. Hotel Flora & Fauna, m 430, 3.7 Km SEE Buena Vista, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
 Type repository. Museo de Historia Natural, Noel Kempff Mercado, Universidad Autonoma “Gabriel Rene Moreno”, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
 Description. Length 2.0- 2.5 mm; oblong, moderatelyconvex, subshiny, glabrous. Brown-yellowish; pronotal disc and elytral suture somewhat darker; legs brown-yellowish; antennal club yellowish. Head with epistome feebly gibbous on disc, rather dually, somewhat irregularly punctured posteriorly on sides; clypeus subtruncate anteriorly, round at sides, thinly bordered, edge upturned and very shortly sparsely bristled; genae round, near imperceptibly ciliate, not protruding from the eyes; frontal suture finely impressed, sometimes almostobsolete; front dually, irregularly, rather densely and more coarsely punctured than epistome. Pronotum transverse, moderately convex, dually punctured; large punctures four to five times larger than small ones, irregularly not closely scattered on sides; small fine punctures scattered throughout, sparser and finer on disc; lateral margins feebly arcuate, thinly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtusely round; base faintly bisinuate. Scutellum elongate, punctured on basal third. Elytra oval, superficially microreticulate, thus subshiny; striae fine, uniformly, moderately impressed, distinctly punctured, subcrenulate; interstriae moderately convex and weakly microreticulate on disc, very finely sparsely punctured, on preapical declivity flat and distinctly microreticulate thus almost dull. Hind tibiae superior apical spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter longer than following three combined. Male: fore tibiae apical spur somewhat stouter; head and pronotum less densely and less coarsely punctured; aedeagus Fig. 148-149. Female: fore tibiae apical spur somewhat more slender; head and pronotum more densely and more coarsely punctured.
 Type material. BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, 3.7 Km SSE Buena Vista, Hotel Flora & Fauna, m 430, 23- 26.X.2000, leg. M. C. Thomas (tropical transition forest) (1 male, holotype, MNKM; 1 female allotype and 1 paratype, FSCA; 2 paratypes, DCGI); idem, 2-13.III.2000 (1 paratype, FSCA); idem, 5-15 XI.2001, 17 o 29’949”S-63 o 33’162”W (blt) (1 paratype, FSCA).
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2011, Systematic revision of the American taxa belonging to the genera Alloblackburneus Bordat, 2009, and Blackburneus Schmidt, 1913, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-52 in Insecta Mundi 2011 (204) on page 33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10090539
High-Altitude Particle Acceleration and Radiation in Pulsar Slot Gaps
Creators: name: Muslimov, Alex G.
name: Harding, Alice K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the pulsar slot gap electrodynamics up to very high altitudes, where for most relatively rapidly rotating pulsars both the standard small-angle approximation and the assumption that the magnetic field lines are ideal stream lines break down. We address the importance of the electrodynamic conditions at the slot gap boundaries and the occurrence of a steady-state drift of charged particles across the slot gap field lines at very high altitudes. These boundary conditions and the deviation of particle trajectories from stream lines determine the asymptotic behavior of the scalar potential at all radii from the polar cap to near the light cylinder. As a result, we demonstrate that the steady-state accelerating electric field must approach a small and constant value at high altitude above the polar cap. This parallel electric field is capable of maintaining electrons moving with high Lorentz factors (a few times 10^7) and emitting curvature gamma-ray photons up to nearly the light cylinder. By numerical simulations, we show that primary electrons accelerating from the polar cap surface to high altitude in the slot gap along the outer edge of the open field region will form caustic emission patterns on the trailing dipole field lines. Acceleration and emission in such an extended slot gap may form the physical basis of a model that can successfully reproduce some pulsar high-energy light curves.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, May 10, 2004
The Agricultural Component in Macroeconomic Models
Creators: name: Kost, William E.
name: Kost, William E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Macroeconomic models
subject: Agricultural sector models
subject: Model linkage

description: Many of the operational macroeconomic models examined either ignore or treat the agricultural sector as exogenous When the sector is treated as endogenous, it is most likely structurally misspecified and/or too small to provide much information about agriculture Given the increased awareness about economic interdependence among sectors, the importance of agriculture, the growing demand for more detailed forecasts, and the growing elaboration of econometric models, both agricultural economists and macroeconomists should direct more attention to making agricultural sectors of macroeconomic models endogenous
Frequency-domain study of relaxation in a spin glass model for the structural glass transition
Creators: name: Rao, F.
name: Crisanti, A.
name: Ritort, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computed the time-dependent susceptibility for the finite-size mean-field Random Orthogonal model (ROM). We find that for temperatures above the mode-coupling temperature the imaginary part of the susceptibility $χ''(ν)$ obeys the scaling forms proposed for glass-forming liquids. Furthermore, as the temperature is lowered the peak frequency of $χ''$ decreases following a Vogel-Fulcher law with a critical temperature remarkably close to the known critical temperature $T_c$ where the configurational entropy vanishes.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, epl LaTeX package
Additional file 3 of Metabolomics analyses of traditional Chinese medicine formula Shuang Huang Lian by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS
Creators: name: Xu, Gang
name: Shu, Yachun
name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. The proposed fragmentation pathways of the commonly identified compounds.
Coherent Production of Pairs of Parabosons of Order 2
Creators: name: Frascino, Nicholas
name: Nelson, Charles A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A parameter-free statistical model is used to study multiplicity signatures for coherent production of charged-pairs of parabosons of order p=2 in comparison with those arising in the case of ordinary bosons, p=1. Two non-negative real parameters arise because "ab" and "ba" are fundamentally distinct pair operators of charge "+1", A-quanta and charge "-1", B-quanta parabosons. In 3D plots of P(q)_m = "The probability of m paraboson charged-pairs and q positive parabosons" versus < n > and < n^2 >, the p=1 curve is found to lie on the relatively narrow 2D p=2 surface.
description: 25 pages, 16 figures, no macros
MOESM5 of Acute kidney injury in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Folkestad, Torgeir
name: Brurberg, Kjetil
name: Kine Nordhuus
name: Tveiten, Christine
name: Guttormsen, Anne
name: Os, Ingrid
name: Beitland, Sigrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Overview of reported risk factors for acute kidney injury. Table showing risk factors for acute kidney injury reported in the studies.
Hilbert's 'World Equations' and His Vision of a Unified Science
Creators: name: Majer, Ulrich
name: Sauer, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In summer 1923, a year after his lectures on the `New Foundation of Mathematics' and half a year before the republication of his two notes on the `Foundations of Physics,' Hilbert delivered a trilogy of lectures in Hamburg. In these lectures, Hilbert expounds in an unusually explicit manner his epistemological perspective on science as a subdiscipline of an all embracing science of mathematics. The starting point of Hilbert's considerations is the claim that the class of gravitational and electromagnetic field equations implied by his original variational formulation of 1915 provides valid candidate `world equations,' even in view of attempts at unified field theories á la Weyl and Eddington based on the concept of the affine connection. We give a discussion of Hilbert's lectures and, in particular, examine his claim that Einstein in his 1923 papers on affine unified field theory only arrived at Hilbert's original 1915 theory. We also briefly comment on Hilbert's philosophical viewpoints expressed in these lectures.
description: 23 pages; to appear in Einstein Studies
A Model-Based Fuzzy Analysis of Questionnaires
Creators: name: Di Nardo, Elvira
name: Simone, Rosaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In dealing with veracity of data analytics, fuzzy methods are more and more relying on probabilistic and statistical techniques to underpin their applicability. Conversely, standard statistical models usually disregard to take into account the inherent fuzziness of choices and this issue is particularly worthy of note in customers' satisfaction surveys, since there are different shades of evaluations that classical statistical tools fail to catch. Given these motivations, the paper introduces a model-based fuzzy analysis of questionnaire with sound statistical foundation, driven by the design of a hybrid method that sets in between fuzzy evaluation systems and statistical modelling. The proposal is advanced on the basis of \cub mixture models to account for uncertainty in ordinal data analysis and moves within the general framework of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set theory to allow membership, non-membership, vagueness and accuracy assessments. Particular emphasis is given to defuzzification procedures that enable uncertainty measures also at an aggregated level. An application to a survey run at the University of Naples Federico II about the evaluation of Orientation Services supports the efficacy of the proposal.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, 8 Tables
MOESM3 of Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus strains from Kenya and Zambia
Creators: name: Everlyn Kamau
name: Oketch, John
name: Zaydah Laurent
name: Phan, My
name: Agoti, Charles
name: D. Nokes
name: Cotten, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Mid-pointed maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic trees of N gene (A), P gene (B), M gene (C), M2 gene (D), F gene (E), and L gene (F) of viruses from Kenya and Zambia (marked in red), plus 138 other genomes (> 13 kb) retrieved from GenBank. Bootstrap supports (evaluated by 1000 replicates) are indicated at the nodes. Genetic subgroups and lineages, A1, A2a, A2b, B1, and B2, are indicated. Multiple sequence alignment was done using MAFFT v7.221 and the ML phylogeny inferred using GTR + Γ nucleotide substitution model and ultrafast bootstrap approximation in IQ-TREE. The genotype B2 Sabana strain sequence (GenBank accession number HM197719) reported from a wild mountain gorilla in Rwanda is marked in blue.
Binary Kripke Semantics for a Strong Logic for Naive Truth
Creators: name: Middleton, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: I show that the logic $\textsf{TJK}^{d+}$, one of the strongest logics currently known to support the naive theory of truth, is obtained from the Kripke semantics for constant domain intuitionistic logic by (i) dropping the requirement that the accessibility relation is reflexive and (ii) only allowing reflexive worlds to serve as counterexamples to logical consequence. In addition, I provide a simplified natural deduction system for $\textsf{TJK}^{d+}$, in which a restricted form of conditional proof is used to establish conditionals.
Contact with coupled adhesion and friction: Computational framework, applications, and new insights
Creators: name: Mergel, Janine C.
name: Scheibert, Julien
name: Sauer, Roger A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Contact involving soft materials often combines dry adhesion, sliding friction, and large deformations. At the local level, these three aspects are rarely captured simultaneously, but included in the theoretical models by Mergel et al. (2019). We here develop a corresponding finite element framework that captures 3D finite-strain contact of two deformable bodies. This framework is suitable to investigate sliding friction even under tensile normal loads. First, we demonstrate the capabilities of our finite element model using both 2D and 3D test cases, which range from compliant tapes to structures with high stiffness, and include deformable-rigid and deformable-deformable contact. We then provide new results on the onset of sliding of smooth elastomer-glass interfaces, a setup that couples nonlinear material behavior, adhesion, and large frictional stresses. Our simulations not only agree well with both experimental and theoretical findings, they also provide new insights into the current debate on the shear-induced reduction of the contact area in elastomeric contact.
Additional file 1 of Quantitative prediction error analysis to investigate predictive performance under predictor measurement heterogeneity at model implementation
Creators: name: Luijken, Kim
name: Song, Jia
name: Groenwold, Rolf H. H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1. Simulation study assessing the impact of predictor measurement heterogeneity across validation and implementation setting in time-to-event outcome data.
Negative Group Delay and Superluminal Propagation: An Electronic Circuit Approach
Creators: name: Kitano, M.
name: Nakanishi, T.
name: Sugiyama, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple electronic circuit which provides negative group delays for band-limited, base-band pulses. It is shown that large time advancement comparable to the pulse width can be achieved with appropriate cascading of negative-delay circuits but eventually the out-of-band gain limits the number of cascading. The relations to superluminality and causality are also discussed.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
High-resolution x-ray study of the nematic - smectic-A and smectic-A - smectic-C transitions in 8barS5-aerosil gels
Creators: name: Clegg, P. S.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Park, S.
name: Garland, C. W.
name: Iannacchione, G. S.
name: Leheny, R. L.
name: Neubert, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of dispersed aerosil nanoparticles on two of the phase transitions of the thermotropic liquid crystal material 4-n-pentylphenylthiol-4'-n-octyloxybenzoate 8barS5 have been studied using high-resolution x-ray diffraction techniques. The aerosils hydrogen bond together to form a gel which imposes a weak quenched disorder on the liquid crystal. The smectic-A fluctuations are well characterized by a two-component line shape representing thermal and random-field contributions. An elaboration on this line shape is required to describe the fluctuations in the smectic-C phase; specifically the effect of the tilt on the wave-vector dependence of the thermal fluctuations must be explicitly taken into account. Both the magnitude and the temperature dependence of the smectic-C tilt order parameter are observed to be unaffected by the disorder. This may be a consequence of the large bare smectic correlation length in the direction of modulation for this transition. These results show that the understanding developed for the nematic to smectic-A transition for octylcyanobiphenyl (8CB) and octyloxycyanobiphenyl (8OCB) liquid crystals with quenched disorder can be extended to quite different materials and transitions.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
IL15RA小鼠海马与皮质转录组数据
Creators: name: wang, kang
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2021
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Monoisolate

description: 实验分别选取三只三个月大的野生型与IL15RA全敲除小鼠，精细解剖后分别取海马区域和皮质区域进行转录组测序
Pairing of Parafermions of Order 2: Seniority Model
Creators: name: Nelson, Charles A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As generalizations of the fermion seniority model, four multi-mode Hamiltonians are considered to investigate some of the consequences of the pairing of parafermions of order two. 2-particle and 4-particle states are explicitly constructed for H_A = - G A^+ A with A^+}= 1/2 Sum c_{m}^+ c_{-m}^+ and the distinct H_C = - G C^+ C with C^+}= 1/2 Sum c_{-m}^+ c_{m}^+, and for the time-reversal invariant H_(-)= -G (A^+ - C^+)(A-C) and H_(+) = -G (A^+dagger + C^+)(A+C), which has no analogue in the fermion case. The spectra and degeneracies are compared with those of the usual fermion seniority model.
description: 18 pages, no figures, no macros
Self-cleaning Preliminary Screening Mechanisms to Improve Health and Wastewater Treatment Efficiency in Low-income Countries
Creators: name: Luz, Ludwig
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600
Technology (applied sciences)

description: The first process step in a wastewater treatment plant is generally screening. A screen can be described as a coarse sieve, designed to prevent large solids (such as pieces of wood, plastic waste and hygiene products) from entering the plant and possibly damaging subsequent treatment equipment. Screens can be classified regarding their aperture size and cleaning mechanisms. Mechanically-cleaned screens are most common in industrialized countries, whereas manually-cleaned screens, which are less expensive, are common across the global south. The problem regarding the latter is that while removing accumulated materials, the operators are exposed to the pathogenic wastewater, as well as physical risks such as cuts inflicted by the screenings. Furthermore, if manual cleaning is not properly enforced and managed, screenings might accumulate to such a degree that the wastewater flow is reduced and the plant cannot operate at its design capacity. The deployment of mechanically-cleaned screens in low-income countries is hindered by their comparatively higher investment and operating cost and their requirement for a reliable source of electricity. 

This thesis assesses and pilots concepts of low-cost mechanically cleaned alternatives to conventional devices. Mechanically cleaned screens increase the protection of operators against harmful substances as they only access the screen in case of a blockage, other mechanical failures or maintenance. Low-cost in this context means that it has to be feasible for low-income countries without the reliability of constant electricity. 

During the concept generation phase, several alternatives for different sub-functions of screening devices were developed. The majority of developed concepts relied on water wheels as an energy source. The two most promising concepts - namely a rotating rake mechanism and a horizontally mounted screen - were realised on a scale of 1:11 in order to validate the concepts and gain first insights. Neither of the two concepts could be fully validated. This underlines the need for further development and testing until the potential deployment of mechanically cleaned screens in low-income countries.
Kinetic simulations of electron pre-energization by magnetized collisionless shocks in expanding laboratory plasmas
Creators: name: Lezhnin, K. V.
name: Fox, W.
name: Schaeffer, D. B.
name: Spitkovsky, A.
name: Matteucci, J.
name: Bhattacharjee, A.
name: Germaschewski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collisionless shocks are common features in space and astrophysical systems where supersonic plasma flows interact, such as in the solar wind, the heliopause, and supernova remnants. Recent experimental capabilities and diagnostics allow detailed laboratory investigations of high-Mach-number shocks, which therefore can become a valuable way to understand shock dynamics in various astrophysical environments. Using 2D particle-in-cell simulations with a Coulomb binary collision operator, we demonstrate the mechanism for generation of energetic electrons and experimental requirements for detecting this process in the laboratory high-Mach-number collisionless shocks. We show through a parameter study that electron acceleration by magnetized collisionless shocks is feasible in laboratory experiments with laser-driven expanding plasmas.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic women in the United Kingdom: evidence from a mixed-methods systematic review
Creators: name: Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi
name: Holt, Nicole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Efficient many-party controlled teleportation of multi-qubit quantum information via entanglement
Creators: name: Yang, Chui-Ping
name: Chu, Shih-I
name: Han, Siyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a way to teleport multi-qubit quantum information from a sender to a distant receiver via the control of many agents in a network. We show that the original state of each qubit can be restored by the receiver as long as all the agents collaborate. However, even if one agent does not cooperate, the receiver can not fully recover the original state of each qubit. The method operates essentially through entangling quantum information during teleportation, in such a way that the required auxiliary qubit resources, local operation, and classical communication are considerably reduced for the present purpose.
MOESM4 of Acute kidney injury in burn patients admitted to the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Folkestad, Torgeir
name: Brurberg, Kjetil
name: Kine Nordhuus
name: Tveiten, Christine
name: Guttormsen, Anne
name: Os, Ingrid
name: Beitland, Sigrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Data extraction form. Description of the data extraction process used in this systematic review.
Three-dimensional universality class of Ising model with power-law-correlated critical disorder
Creators: name: Wang, Wenlong
name: Meier, Hannes
name: Lidmar, Jack
name: Wallin, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use large-scale Monte Carlo simulations to test the Weinrib-Halperin criterion that predicts new universality classes in the presence of sufficiently slowly decaying power-law-correlated quenched disorder. While new universality classes are reasonably well established, the predicted exponents are controversial. We propose a method of growing such correlated disorder using the three-dimensional Ising model as benchmark systems both for generating disorder and studying the resulting phase transition. Critical equilibrium configurations of a disorder-free system are used to define the two-value distributed random bonds with a small power-law exponent given by the pure Ising exponent. Finite-size scaling analysis shows a new universality class with a single phase transition, but the critical exponents $ν_d=1.13(5), η_d=0.48(3)$ differ significantly from theoretical predictions. We find that depending on details of the disorder generation, disorder-averaged quantities can develop peaks at two temperatures for finite sizes. Finally, a layer model with the two values of bonds spatially separated to halves of the system genuinely has multiple phase transitions and thermodynamic properties can be flexibly tuned by adjusting the model parameters.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures