cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statistical multifrequency study of narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies
Creators: name: Järvelä, Emilia
name: Lähteenmäki, Anne
name: León-Tavares, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy γ-rays, which are produced by powerful relativistic jets, are usually associated with blazars and radio galaxies. In the current active galactic nuclei (AGN) paradigm, such jets are almost exclusively launched from massive elliptical galaxies. Recently, however, Fermi/LAT detected γ-rays from a few narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and thus confirmed the presence of relativistic jets in them. Since NLS1 galaxies are assumed to be young evolving AGN, they offer a unique opportunity to study the production of relativistic jets in late-type galaxies. Our aim is to estimate by which processes the emission of various kinds is produced in NLS1 galaxies and to study how emission properties are connected to other intrinsic AGN properties. We have compiled the so far largest multiwavelength database of NLS1 sources. This allowed us to explore correlations between different wavebands and source properties using, for example, Pearson and Spearman correlations and principal component analysis. We did this separately for radio-loud and radio-quiet sources. Multiwavelength correlations suggest that radio-loud sources host relativistic jets that are the predominant sources of radio, optical, and X-ray emission. The origin of infrared emission remains unclear. Radio-quiet sources do not host a jet, or the jet is very weak. In them, radio and infrared emission is more likely generated via star formation processes, and the optical and X-ray emission originate in the inner parts of the AGN. We also find that the black hole mass correlates significantly with radio loudness, which suggests that NLS1 galaxies with more massive black holes are more likely to be able to launch powerful relativistic jets.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
System Design for an Integrated Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Agent for Real-Time Strategy Games
Creators: name: Sur, Indranil
name: Daniels, Zachary
name: Rahman, Abrar
name: Faber, Kamil
name: Gallardo, Gianmarco J.
name: Hayes, Tyler L.
name: Taylor, Cameron E.
name: Gurbuz, Mustafa Burak
name: Smith, James
name: Joshi, Sahana
name: Japkowicz, Nathalie
name: Baron, Michael
name: Kira, Zsolt
name: Kanan, Christopher
name: Corizzo, Roberto
name: Divakaran, Ajay
name: Piacentino, Michael
name: Hostetler, Jesse
name: Raghavan, Aswin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As Artificial and Robotic Systems are increasingly deployed and relied upon for real-world applications, it is important that they exhibit the ability to continually learn and adapt in dynamically-changing environments, becoming Lifelong Learning Machines. Continual/lifelong learning (LL) involves minimizing catastrophic forgetting of old tasks while maximizing a model's capability to learn new tasks. This paper addresses the challenging lifelong reinforcement learning (L2RL) setting. Pushing the state-of-the-art forward in L2RL and making L2RL useful for practical applications requires more than developing individual L2RL algorithms; it requires making progress at the systems-level, especially research into the non-trivial problem of how to integrate multiple L2RL algorithms into a common framework. In this paper, we introduce the Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Components Framework (L2RLCF), which standardizes L2RL systems and assimilates different continual learning components (each addressing different aspects of the lifelong learning problem) into a unified system. As an instantiation of L2RLCF, we develop a standard API allowing easy integration of novel lifelong learning components. We describe a case study that demonstrates how multiple independently-developed LL components can be integrated into a single realized system. We also introduce an evaluation environment in order to measure the effect of combining various system components. Our evaluation environment employs different LL scenarios (sequences of tasks) consisting of Starcraft-2 minigames and allows for the fair, comprehensive, and quantitative comparison of different combinations of components within a challenging common evaluation environment.
description: The Second International Conference on AIML Systems, October 12--15, 2022, Bangalore, India
Stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases: using computational approaches to predict outcomes and patterns of recurrence
Creators: name: Rozati, Hamoun
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Introduction: Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is commonly used to treat brain metastases (BMs). Issues with SRT include uncertainty in its use for multiple BMs, predicting which BMs will respond to treatment and the early detection of BMs. Methods: I performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles analysing ten or more BMs, and a multi-centre retrospective case-series on patients with ten or more BMs treated with SRT alone. I also conducted an analysis of a multi-centre cohort of patients to create a novel radiomic score to predict the likelihood of response of BMs to SRT and an analysis on the same cohort to create a radiomic score to predict the likelihood of BM occurrence. I completed a lobar distribution study to map the distribution of BMs from distinct primary malignancies.   Results: My meta-analysis has demonstrated overall survival outcomes consistent with many case series of outcomes for limited BMs. My retrospective case series of a contemporary cohort of patients has shown overall survival outcomes above 13 months. My analysis of a large multi-centre, multi-platform cohort of patients with BMs has created a novel radiomic score. A further radiomic analysis has created a radiomic score which predicts the occurrence of a BM better than chance. Finally, my analysis of the lobar distribution of BMs in patients referred for SRT has provided novel insights into the distribution of disease. Conclusions: Contemporary patients with ten or more BMs can have prolonged overall survival outcomes following SRT. Radiomics combined with clinical factors can give accurate predictions for which BMs are likely to respond to SRT. The novel application of radiomics to predict BMs early shows promise but is not currently clinically useful. The lobar distribution of BMs in patients referred for SRT can be predicted and may have implications for treatment decisions.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 05.01.1987, 09:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 2.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Diamond nanomechanical resonators protected by a phononic band gap
Creators: name: Li, Xinzhu
name: Lekavicius, Ignas
name: Wang, Hailin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of diamond cantilevers attached to a phononic square lattice. We show that the robust protection of mechanical modes by phononic band gaps leads to a three-orders-of-magnitude increase in mechanical Q-factors, with the Q-factors exceeding 10^6 at frequencies as high as 100 MHz. Temperature dependent studies indicate that the Q-factors obtained at a few K are still limited by the materials loss. The high-Q diamond nanomechanical resonators provide a promising hybrid quantum system for spin-mechanics studies.
Data reuse, digital literacy and the Archaeology Data Service
Creators: name: Garland, Nicky
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Advocates for FAIR data, namely that information that is Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (Wilkinson et al. 2016), now form part of a chorus of voices across the archaeological sector and digital humanities more generally (Marwick et al, 2017). In Britain the archaeological data deluge (e.g. Bevan, 2015) has been modified in many ways to make this data Findable, Accessible and Interoperable, however, there has been a distinct lack of data reuse. 
The Archaeology Data Service (ADS) is the leading accredited digital repository for heritage data generated by UK-based fieldwork and research. The ADS is an advocate for FAIR data and most of the collections we hold are Open Access and available to download via our website to facilitate reuse by the heritage sector. However despite more than 3000 collections available and more than 50TB of data, research suggests that the data is rarely reused (e.g. Huggett 2018).
In this paper I will discuss the barriers to data reusability in archaeology and the ways in which this data could be reused for the benefit of the sector. I will also discuss the benefits of reusing archaeological data for individual researchers as well as some key steps that we all take to improve the uptake of data reuse in the future.
References
Bevan, A. 2015. The data deluge. Antiquity 89, 1473–1484. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2015.102 
Huggett, J. 2018. Reuse remix recycle: repurposing archaeological digital data. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 6(2), pp. 93-104. https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2018.1
Marwick, B., Barton, C.M., Bates, L., Bollwerk, E., Bocinsky, K., Carter, A.K., Conrad, C., Costa, S., Crema, E.R., Davies, B., Drake, L., Dye, T.S., Giusti, D., Graham, S., Hawks, J., Huffer, D., Madsen, M.E., Neiman, F.D., Opitz, R., Riel-Salvatore, J., Riris, P., Romanowska, I., Ullah, I., Wren, C.D., 2017. Open Science in Archaeology. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/72n8g
Wilkinson, M., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. et al. 2016. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data 3, 160018. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 172.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.07.1987, 07:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 208.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 30.08.1987, 07:45, erstellt von Marco Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 35.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.02.1987, 09:00, erstellt von Marco Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 236.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 28.09.1987, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 242.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 09.10.1987, 08:15, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Enhanced architectures for room-temperature reversible logic gates in graphene
Creators: name: Dragoman, Daniela
name: Dragoman, Mircea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that reversible two- and three-input logic gates, among which we mention the universal Toffoli gate, can be implemented with three tilted gating electrodes patterned on a monolayer graphene flake. These low-dissipation gates are based on the unique properties of ballistic charge carriers in graphene, which induce the appearance of bandgaps in transmission for properly potential barriers. The enhanced architectures for reversible logic gate implementations proposed in this paper offer a remarkable design simplification in comparison to standard approaches based on field-effect transistor circuits and a potential high-frequency operation.
Multidimensional Service Quality Scoring System
Creators: name: Lai, Shiyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This supplementary paper aims to introduce the Multidimensional Service Quality Scoring System (MSQs), a review-based method for quantifying host service quality mentioned and employed in the paper Exit and transition: Exploring the survival status of Airbnb listings in a time of professionalization. MSQs is not an end-to-end implementation and is essentially composed of three pipelines, namely Data Collection and Preprocessing, Objects Recognition and Grouping, and Aspect-based Service Scoring. Using the study mentioned above as a case, the technical details of MSQs are explained in this article.
Institutional investors' role in the energy transition; green innovation and decarbonization; and the social and economic impact of opioid abuse
Creators: name: Wiedemann, Moritz
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explores the role and impact of economic agents in key societal challenges. From the impact of responsible institutional investors on green capital expenditures to the nuanced dynamics of innovation and carbon emissions reduction, and the economic ramifications of the opioid overdose epidemic, each chapter reveals the interconnected nature of environmental, social, and economic factors. Together, they underscore the significance of understanding the relationship between various stakeholders and their resulting outcome to foster more sustainable economies. In the first chapter, I study institutional investors' role in driving corporations' net zero energy transition. Exploiting regional differences in the proportion of institutional investors with sustainable preferences, I use the cross-listing of European and Asian headquartered firms in the United States as a negative responsible ownership shock. My findings suggest that responsible institutional investors can help accelerate corporate green capital expenditures by exerting influence on management. In the second chapter, we analyse corporate green and brown R&D activity worldwide and its effects in reducing carbon emissions. We show that green innovation does not predict future reductions in carbon emissions of firms in the same sector, firms in other sectors, and across countries in the short- or medium-term. As promising as green technological breakthroughs sound, what ultimately matters for the transition to net zero is adoption of these green technologies at scale. In the third chapter, we investigate the impact of opioid abuse on real estate prices. Using variation in opioid prescription rates induced by the staggered passage of opioid-limiting legislation, we find that a decrease in opioid usage results in an increase in county-level house prices. Consistent with improvements in local real estate quality and increases in local demand, we also document a decrease in mortgage delinquencies and vacancy rates, and an increase in home improvement loans and population inflow.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 19.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 22.01.1987, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 169.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 21.07.1987, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Fundamentos Matemáticos das Redes Neurais
Creators: name: Martins, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description:  

Este trabalho explora as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs) a partir de seus fundamentos matemáticos essenciais, abordando sua estrutura, métodos de treinamento e formas de avaliação de desempenho. O objetivo é mostrar que, com base em conceitos elementares de álgebra linear e cálculo, é possível construir redes neurais funcionais. A abordagem é voltada para estudantes nos primeiros semestres de cursos de ciências exatas, proporcionando uma compreensão clara e prática dos princípios que fundamentam as redes neurais e seus algoritmos de aprendizado. Para ilustrar os processos de propagação direta, retropropagação (backpropagation), convolução e pooling, são apresentados exemplos práticos e pseudocódigos.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 101.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 01.05.1987, 07:00, erstellt von Michele Bianda, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 17.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 20.01.1987, 08:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Post hoc Explanations may be Ineffective for Detecting Unknown Spurious Correlation
Creators: name: Adebayo, Julius
name: Muelly, Michael
name: Abelson, Hal
name: Kim, Been
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate whether three types of post hoc model explanations--feature attribution, concept activation, and training point ranking--are effective for detecting a model's reliance on spurious signals in the training data. Specifically, we consider the scenario where the spurious signal to be detected is unknown, at test-time, to the user of the explanation method. We design an empirical methodology that uses semi-synthetic datasets along with pre-specified spurious artifacts to obtain models that verifiably rely on these spurious training signals. We then provide a suite of metrics that assess an explanation method's reliability for spurious signal detection under various conditions. We find that the post hoc explanation methods tested are ineffective when the spurious artifact is unknown at test-time especially for non-visible artifacts like a background blur. Further, we find that feature attribution methods are susceptible to erroneously indicating dependence on spurious signals even when the model being explained does not rely on spurious artifacts. This finding casts doubt on the utility of these approaches, in the hands of a practitioner, for detecting a model's reliance on spurious signals.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 263.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 14.11.1987, 08:15, erstellt von Marco Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 182.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 03.08.1987, 08:00, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
Non-magnetic defects in the bulk of two-dimensional topological insulators
Creators: name: Sablikov, Vladimir A.
name: Sukhanov, Aleksei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found that non-magnetic defects in two-dimensional topological insulators induce bound states of two kinds for each spin orientation: electron- and hole-like states. Depending on the sign of the defect potential these states can be also of two kinds with different distribution of the electron density. The density has a maximum or minimum in the center. A surprising effect caused by the topological order is a singular dependence of the bound-state energy on the defect potential.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in Physica Status Solidi RRL
Measurement of nuclear dependence in inclusive antineutrino scattering
Creators: name: Klustova, Anezka
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: One of the fundamental questions in physics is the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe, explored through charge-parity violation searches in neutrino oscillation experiments. Next-generation oscillation experiments like DUNE need to constrain the systematic uncertainties arising from our understanding of (anti)neutrino-nucleus scattering to within a few percent to achieve their physics goals. MINERvA, a dedicated (anti)neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment, plays a crucial role in constraining these uncertainties. This thesis presents MINERvA's first high-statistics direct measurement of nuclear dependence in charged-current inclusive antineutrino scattering on carbon, hydrocarbon, iron, and lead as a function of antimuon transverse momentum, p_T, and Bjorken x. The analysis utilises interactions with a mean antineutrino energy of approximately 6 GeV, with reconstructed antimuons having a scattering angle of less than 17° relative to the antineutrino beam and an antimuon energy of 2-20 GeV. The measured per-nucleon differential cross-sections are reported with a precision of 7-9%, while the cross-section ratios of carbon, iron, and lead to hydrocarbon have uncertainties of 5% or less. The cross-sections for iron and lead indicate strong suppression at low p_T and Bjorken x, and an enhancement at high p_T. These effects are observed to be more pronounced with the increasing size of the target nucleus and are not reproduced by the underlying simulation prediction. Comparisons to alternative models used in current (anti)neutrino interaction generators show some improvements in modelling over the base prediction model, yet they are still unable to fully reproduce the observed nuclear dependence in this analysis. Importantly, the analysis provides a direct test of nuclear effects in inclusive antineutrino scattering, with major contributions from resonant pion production, deep inelastic scattering, and the transition region between these channels, which will be significant in DUNE. This measurement also represents one of the largest antineutrino datasets in this energy regime analysed to date.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 144.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.06.1987, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
SiRNA delivery for control of cyclin d1 and e2f1 expression in crohn’s disease
Creators: name: Russo, Ilaria
name: Carrizzo, Albino
name: Bochicchio, Sabrina
name: Piazza, Ornella
name: Lamberti, Gaetano
name: Barba, Anna Angela
name: Vecchione, Carmine
name: Zeppa, Pio
name: Iovino, Paola
name: Bucci, Cristina
name: Santonicola, Antonella
name: Ciacci, Carolina
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2017
Subjects: IBD (inflammatory bowel disease)
Crohn’s disease
Cyclin D1
E2F1
EC-LPS (Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia Coli)
siRNA
Nanoliposomes

description: Evidence in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) supports a connection between inflammation and cancer due to the alteration of the cell cycle with loss of control at the G1/S checkpoint. In this study, we analyze the expression and modulation of CyD1 and E2F1 in colon explants from Crohn's disease (CD) patients. We used ex vivo culture of colon explants from 4 CD patients and 2 healthy controls, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia Coli (EC-LPS). Commercial siRNAs for CyD1 and E2F1 inhibition were encapsulated in Invivofectamine® and in purposely produced nanoliposomal vectors to silencing CyD1 and E2F1 expression. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the effect of siRNA on CyD1, E2F1 and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. In CD patients colon explants, CyD1 and E2F1 increased after the inflammatory stimulus but siRNA silencing attenuated their expression and controlled the COX-2 expression too. These data represent a prelimiary exploration of in vitro siRNA use.
Metallicity-PAH Relation of MIR-selected Star-forming Galaxies in AKARI North Ecliptic Pole-wide Survey
Creators: name: Shim, Hyunjin
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Jeong, Woong-Seob
name: Toba, Yoshiki
name: Kim, Minjin
name: Kim, Dohyeong
name: Song, Hyunmi
name: Hashimoto, Tetsuya
name: Nakagawa, Takao
name: Nanni, Ambra
name: Pearson, William J.
name: Takagi, Toshinobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the variation in the mid-infrared spectral energy distributions of 373 low-redshift ($z<0.4$) star-forming galaxies, which reflects a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission features. The relative strength of PAH emission is parameterized as $q_\mathrm{PAH}$, which is defined as the mass fraction of PAH particles in the total dust mass. With the aid of continuous mid-infrared photometric data points covering 7-24$μ$m and far-infrared flux densities, $q_\mathrm{PAH}$ values are derived through spectral energy distribution fitting. The correlation between $q_\mathrm{PAH}$ and other physical properties of galaxies, i.e., gas-phase metallicity ($12+\mathrm{log(O/H)}$), stellar mass, and specific star-formation rate (sSFR) are explored. As in previous studies, $q_\mathrm{PAH}$ values of galaxies with high metallicity are found to be higher than those with low metallicity. The strength of PAH emission is also positively correlated with the stellar mass and negatively correlated with the sSFR. The correlation between $q_\mathrm{PAH}$ and each parameter still exists even after the other two parameters are fixed. In addition to the PAH strength, the application of metallicity-dependent gas-to-dust mass ratio appears to work well to estimate gas mass that matches the observed relationship between molecular gas and physical parameters. The result obtained will be used to calibrate the observed PAH luminosity-total infrared luminosity relation, based on the variation of MIR-FIR SED, which is used in the estimation of hidden star formation.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, AJ, in press
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 81.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 11.04.1987, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 3.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
High-order harmonic generation using a high-repetition-rate turnkey laser
Creators: name: Lorek, Eleonora
name: Larsen, Esben Witting
name: Heyl, Christoph Michael
name: Carlström, Stefanos
name: Paleček, David
name: Zigmantas, Donatas
name: Mauritsson, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generate high-order harmonics at high pulse repetition rates using a turnkey laser. High-order harmonics at 400 kHz are observed when argon is used as target gas. In neon we achieve generation of photons with energies exceeding 90 eV ($\sim$13 nm) at 20 kHz. We measure a photon flux of 4.4$\cdot10^{10}$ photons per second per harmonic in argon at 100 kHz. Many experiments employing high-order harmonics would benefit from higher repetition rates, and the user-friendly operation opens up for applications of coherent extreme ultra-violet pulses in new research areas.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 237.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 29.09.1987, 07:30, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1987

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit schwarzer Farbe und Bleistift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf einem eigenen Vordruck. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite. Bildqualität (SIDC): 4.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Beobachtungstätigkeit unter eigenständiger Leitung (Associazione Specola Solare Ticinese ASST)
CAPABLE D3.3: Specification of the Information Architecture and Data Modeling Based on FAIR Principles
Creators: name: Cornet, Ronald
name: Quaglini, Silvana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FAIR
information architecture
data modeling

description: The FAIR Principles provide 15 high-level recommendations to make data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. However, they do not specify how to realize this. This means that making data FAIR is a non-trivial endeavor. The CAPABLE Platform provides the functionalities to support patients and clinicians in monitoring and, where possible, improving the patients' well-being after cancer treatment. This system encompasses patient data and decision support guidelines, which the implemented information architecture intends to make maximally FAIR. This is realized by means of the following components: A register of globally unique, persistent, resolvable Unique Resource Identifiers A FAIR Data Point that complies with the FAIR Data Point Specification Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) to represent metadata HL7 FHIR to access data A licensing policy The information architecture contributes to fulfilling these project objectives: To specify an information architecture that enables data and meta-data to be FAIR To specify functionalities that enable readability of (meta-)data by humans and machines To specify computer-interpretable guidelines The implemented architecture provides a solid and standardized foundation for FAIR data, in which the metadata can be expanded over time to adhere to current and future practices, and in which other data can be included if relevant.
description: This deliverable is part of a project receiving funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 875052
Synthetic biology for engineering Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts
Creators: name: Kocaoglan, Elif Gediz
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: For over 10,000 years, humans have domesticated plants, but plant synthetic biology has ushered in a new era by facilitating the engineering of development. Plant development shows remarkable plasticity, enabling plants to adapt to the ever-changing environment. This plasticity even extends to the cell fates, for example, in protoplast regeneration. Upon removal of the cell wall, fully differentiated plant cells can revert to a stem-cell-like state, giving rise to protoplasts capable of regenerating cells, tissues, and even whole plants. Engineering this process has great potential for creating transgenic plants for agriculture and new cell culture lines for sustainable bioproduction. However, engineering protoplast regeneration requires tools that offer precise spatiotemporal control over gene expression, ensuring stable expression levels without mutations across generations. Efforts to identify the target genes regulating protoplast regeneration are equally crucial. Yet, protoplasts currently lack both the genetic tools and knowledge of target genes. To address these gaps, I aimed to establish Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts as a new synthetic biology chassis. This involved characterising basic DNA parts which revealed combinatorial interactions in gene expression. With RNA folding analysis, I proposed physical interactions among the parts as one of the mechanisms underlying these interactions. Additionally, I have re-designed vectors with enhanced stability for assembling DNA constructs. These constructs have been used to create stable A. thaliana marker lines as stage-specific reporters of protoplast regeneration. Fluorescent proteins were screened for strongest signals after a protoplast transformation protocol was optimised. Furthermore, I also established a platform for regenerating protoplasts into microcallus. Plant growth and cell wall digestion conditions were shown to be crucial in this process. The tools and platforms developed in this study will facilitate precision engineering in plant synthetic biology. Additionally, they will enhance our understanding of molecular pathways underlying protoplast regeneration and further biotechnology driven by protoplasts.
Wilbur R. Knorr on Thābit ibn Qurra: A Case-Study in the Historiography of Premodern Science
Creators: name: Brentjes, Sonja
Publisher: name: HSSCommons
Year: 2023
Subjects: historiography
history of science

description:
There was a widespread belief among historians of science of my generation that high competence with regard to content and languages alone can guarantee better, more reliable results than can good philology combined with high competence in history or the other human sciences. In my case-study of Wilbur R. Knorr’s analysis of several medieval Arabic and Latin texts on the balance or steelyard, I highlight a variety of factors that compromised time and again his understanding and interpretation of his chosen texts. I conclude that a greater openness to more complex historiographical assumptions and more sophisticated methodological approaches as well as a greater willingness to contextualize documents in numerous dimensions before coming to conclusions about their specific meaning is crucial if we are to correct and improve upon work such as Knorr’s analysis of the Kitab al-qarastun, ascribed to Thābit ibn Qurra, and the Liber de canonio. The way forward is to enhance and temper philological analysis with solid analysis of scientific content within its relevant contexts.
Chirality-selected crystal growth and spin polarization over centimeters of transition metal disilicide crystals
Creators: name: Kousaka, Yusuke
name: Sayo, Taisei
name: Iwasaki, Satoshi
name: Saki, Ryo
name: Shimada, Chiho
name: Shishido, Hiroaki
name: Togawa, Yoshihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a chirality-controlled crystal growth of transition metal disilicide NbSi$_{2}$ and TaSi$_{2}$ by using a laser-diode-heated floating zone (LDFZ) method. The crystal chirality was evaluated in the crystals of centimeters in length by performing single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as probing a spin polarization originating from chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect. The crystals of right-handed NbSi$_{2}$ and of left-handed TaSi$_{2}$ were obtained in the conventional LDFZ crystal growth, while the left-handed NbSi$_{2}$ and right-handed TaSi$_{2}$ crystals were grown by the LDFZ method with the composition-gradient feed rods. The spin polarization via the CISS was observed over centimeters in the NbSi$_{2}$ single crystals and the sign of the CISS signals was dependent on the chirality of crystals. The correlation between the crystal chirality and CISS signals indicates that the CISS measurements work as a non-destructive method for chirality determination even in centimeter-long specimens.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Diegoaelurus Zack & Poust & Wagner 2022, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Zack, Shawn P.
name: Poust, Ashley W.
name: Wagner, Hugh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Creodonta
Oxyaenidae
Diegoaelurus

description: DIEGOAELURUS gen. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BE5B4DE-1808-44C4-BF56-89090012ACE6 Type Species. Diegoaelurus vanvalkenburghae sp. nov. Diagnosis. Autapomorphies of Diegoaelurus are loss of p1; p2 single, rather than doublerooted; presence of a paraconid on p3; and a relatively deep mandibular flange. Differential Diagnosis. Differs from Machaeroides in lacking metaconids on m1-2 and in having lower, more elongate trigonids on m1-2. Differs from Apataelurus in having the mandibular flange only extend back to the level of p2, a relatively larger p3, m2 only moderately larger than m1, and coronoid process taller than m2. Etymology. Diego, for San Diego, California and Gr. - aelurus, cat. While - ailurus is more frequently used as a combining form, - aelurus is used to align with the closely related Apataelurus. Comments. In the phylogenetic analysis presented below, Diegoaelurus is recovered as the sister taxon of Apataelurus, raising the question of why D. vanvalkenburghae is placed in a new genus rather than Apataelurus. There are substantial differences in the morphology of the limited overlapping material of D. vanvalkenburghae and species of Apataelurus. Some of the contrasts, particularly the more expansive mandibular flange in Apataelurus, suggest substantial differences in the ecology of the two genera. Additionally, the synapomorphies uniting D. vanvalkenburghae with Apataelurus describe loss of lower molar metaconids and entocristids, both features that have independently evolved numerous times in the evolution of hypercarnivorous mammals. Given the strong homoplastic tendencies in these traits, support for monophyly of Diegoaelurus plus Apataelurus should be considered weak, requiring confirmation from additional material of one or both taxa.
description: Published as part of Zack, Shawn P., Poust, Ashley W. & Wagner, Hugh, 2022, Diegoaelurus, a new machaeroidine (Oxyaenidae) from the Santiago Formation (late Uintan) of southern California and the relationships of Machaeroidinae, the oldest group of sabertooth mammals, pp. 1-27 in PeerJ 10 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13032, http://zenodo.org/record/6367867