Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
Creators: name: Juarez, Pedro
name: Vargas, Oscar
name: Kay, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: botany
Plant Ecology
plant evolution
neotropical
budding speciation
floral isolation
Ecogeographic isolation
Plant system and evolution

description: <em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. <em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> has been mistaken for <em>C</em>. <em>wilsonii</em>, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the widespread lowland species <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Here, we used an integrated framework of species concepts to evaluate whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> and <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to assess whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> bifurcated from or budded off from within <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> and whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is monophyletic. We then compare phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and geographically distinct from <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> and may have speciated as a peripheral isolate at the high elevation range edge of <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Several lines of evidence, such as <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> budded off from a <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>‐like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a colder and more seasonal montane environment.
description: README.md lists and describes all the files: This file describes the supplementary data accompanying: Juarez P., O.M. Vargas, and K.M.Kay. 2023. Ecological and evolutionary origin of <em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> (Costaceae): a new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. <br><br>Supplementary Tables:<br><br>(Table S1) Phenotypic vegetative measurements and <em>Costus</em> herbarium specimens. <br><br>(Table S2) Phenotypic floral measurements and <em>Costus</em> locations. <br><br>(Table S3) <em>Costus</em> occurrences. <br><br>(Table S4) 29 Neotropical plant genera occurrences of targeted background pseudo-absence data within the terrestrial political borders of Costa Rica <br><br>Supplementary Figure:<br><br>(Fig S1) Map of the occurrences of targeted background pseudo-absence data within the terrestrial political borders of Costa Rica (08° to 11° latitude and -86° to -82° longitude).Funding provided by: National Science Foundation<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001<br>Award Number: DEB-1737878