cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Nanostructures
Creators: name: Sanz Hernández, Dédalo
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: 3D
Three-Dimensional
Magnetic
MOKE
Magneto Optical Kerr Effect
Dark-Field
Spintronics
Micromagnetism
Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition
FEBID
Dicobalt Octacarbonyl
Co2(CO)8
nanoprinting
nanofabrication
XMCD
X-ray microscopy
Hexapole
Domain wall
Racetrack memory
Double Helix

description: Today, two-dimensional nanoscale magnetic systems are well understood, being used in applications from spintronic circuits to automotive sensing. Despite the great progress achieved in the field during the last decades, the development of three-dimensional devices is still hindered by phenomenal patterning and characterization challenges. Most lithographic and probing techniques have historically targeted planar samples and are not suitable for three dimensional geometries. This thesis achieves three key points to overcome these fabrication and characterization challenges: improving the understanding and control of 3D nano-printing of cobalt nanostructures using Focused Electron Beam Induced Deposition (FEBID), improving the performance of synchrotron-based magnetic X-ray microscopy in 3D geometries and adapting existing magneto-optical techniques to rapidly probe 3D nanostructures in the lab. As a result of this work, new tools and skills are available in the field of 3D nano-magnetism, unlocking a path for the development of sophisticated 3D nanomagnetic devices with increased functionality and performance.
description: Girton College Pfeiffer Graduate Scholarship Winton Fund for the Physics of Sustainability
Dynamic Acreage Response: An Error Correlation Model for Maize and Tobacco in Zimbabwe
Creators: name: Townsend, Robert
name: Thirtle, Colin
name: Townsend, Robert
name: Thirtle, Colin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: The paper presents an empirical investigation of the supply of maize and tobacco for commercial agriculture in Zimbabwe. The error correction model, which employs the concept of cointegration to avoid spurious regressions, is used in the analysis. The factors affecting percentage area planted to maize were shown to be expected real maize price, real price of tobacco, real price of fertilizer and government intervention. The factors affecting percentage area planted to tobacco were shown to be real price of tobacco, expected real price of maize and institutional factors. The own price elasticity for maize was 1.44 and 1.76 in the short and the long run, respectively, for tobacco these were 0.28 and 1.36 in the short and long run respectively.
Paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition in a double-exchange model
Creators: name: Kogan, Eugene
name: Auslender, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study paramagnetic - ferromagnetic transition due to exchange interaction between classical localized magnetic moments and conduction electrons. We formulate the Dynamical Mean Field Approximation equations for arbitrary electron dispersion law, concentration and relation between exchange coupling and the electron band width. Solving these equations we find explicit formula for the transition temperature $T_c$. We present the results of calculations of the $T_c$ for the semi-circular electron density of states.
description: 4 pages, latex, 1 eps figure; minor changes in text and figure
Determinants of Farm-Level Conservation Investments in Rwanda
Creators: name: Clay, Daniel C.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Clay, Daniel C.
name: Reardon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management
International Development

description: This paper analyzes the determinants of conservation investments at the farm level in Rwanda. The following tend to be important promoters of investment: (a) own-sources of liquidity, especially from off-farm employment; (b) smaller landholdings; (c) household labour; and, under certain circumstances (d) conservation knowledge (possibly from extension). But insecurity of land tenure (reflected in the share of rented land) tends to decrease investment. The policy implications are: (a) projects and policies aimed at developing off-farm enterprises by farm families can also indirectly promote soil conservation on-farm; this should be important to the Rwanda government and to external donors that are actively pursuing both to promote rural food security; (b) extension service's emphasis on conservation measures has clear pay-offs at the farm level, and also increases the compatibility of conservation and income diversification; (c) the nature of the land market and land tenure policy affect conservation investments.
Additional file 7 of Genome-wide identification of Brassicaceae B-BOX genes and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed
Creators: name: Zheng, Li-wei
name: Ma, Sheng-jie
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Yue, Cai-peng
name: Hua, Ying-peng
name: Huang, Jin-yong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 7: Figure S7. Promoter analysis of BBX genes. Figure S7–1 Cis-element identified in promoters of BnaBBXs. Figure S7–2 Cis-element identified in promoters of BoBBXs. Figure S7–3 Cis-element identified in promoters of BrBBXs. Figure S7–4 Cis-element identified in promoters of CrBBXs. Figure S7–5 Cis-element identified in promoters of CsBBXs. Figure S7–7 Cis-element identified in promoters of BjBBXs. Figure S7–8 Cis-element identified in promoters of BcBBXs.
Additional file 1 of The UPDATE trial (UVB Phototherapy in Dermatology for ATopic Eczema): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of narrowband UVB with optimal topical therapy versus optimal topical therapy in patients with atopic eczema
Creators: name: Knöps, Eva
name: Spuls, Phyllis
name: Duijnhoven, Ruben
name: Dijkgraaf, Marcel
name: van Barreveld, Marit
name: Arents, Bernd
name: van Enst, Annefloor
name: Garritsen, Floor
name: Merkus, Maruschka
name: Middelkamp-Hup, Pina
name: Musters, Annelie
name: Bosma, Angela
name: Hyseni, Ariënna
name: Dijkstra, Jitske
name: Hijnen, Dirk Jan
name: Gerbens, Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Dosing regimens for NB-UVB
Low-density in-medium effects on light clusters from heavy-ion data
Creators: name: Pais, Helena
name: Bougault, Rémi
name: Gulminelli, Francesca
name: Providência, Constança
name: Bonnet, Eric
name: Borderie, Bernard
name: Chbihi, Abdelouahad
name: Frankland, John D.
name: Galichet, Emmanuelle
name: Gruyer, Diégo
name: Henri, Maxime
name: Neindre, Nicolas Le
name: Lopez, Olivier
name: Manduci, Loredana
name: Parlôg, Marian
name: Verde, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modification of the ground state properties of light atomic nuclei in the nuclear and stellar medium is addressed, using chemical equilibrium constants evaluated from a new analysis of the intermediate energy heavy-ion (Xe$+$Sn) collision data measured by the INDRA collaboration. Three different reactions are considered, mainly differing by the isotopic content of the emission source. The thermodynamic conditions of the data samples are extracted from the measured multiplicities allowing for a parametrization of the in-medium modification, determined with the single hypothesis that the different nuclear species in a given sample correspond to a unique common value for the density of the expanding source. We show that this correction, which was not considered in previous analyses of chemical constants from heavy ion collisions, is necessary, since the observables of the analyzed systems show strong deviations from the expected results for an ideal gas of free clusters. This data set is further compared to a relativistic mean-field model, and seen to be reasonably compatible with a universal correction of the attractive $σ$-meson coupling.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Towards an understanding of the role of Ca2+ signalling in neural stem cell activation
Creators: name: Zhao, Mo
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Neural stem cell
neuroblasts
quiescence
Calcium signalling
Drosophila development

description: Regeneration of the adult human brain is a long time clinical challenge. The adult mammalian brain contains neural stem cells (NSCs) that are capable of brain repair, but they are mostly in a mitotically quiescent state. Identifying novel regulators of neural stem cell quiescence will provide more molecular targets for brain regeneration therapies. Drosophila melanogaster is an excellent model for understanding NSC quiescence. The NSCs in Drosophila transit between quiescence and proliferation. The transcriptional profiles of quiescent and active NSCs have been determined, which reveal genes that are specifically expressed during quiescence. In this project, I analysed two quiescence- specific genes, slowpoke and mulet, in the context of NSC quiescence and activation. I also investigated if the adult Drosophila brain contained quiescent NSCs. Slowpoke is the α subunit of Big-Potassium channel that is required in neurons for membrane potential repolarisation. I have shown that it is required for NSC activation. Loss of Slo in NSCs significantly extends the life span of neuroblasts, leading many of them to persist until adulthood. Slo acts largely independent of the insulin signalling pathway, a canonical pathway required for NSC activation. Since Slo is a negative regulator of Ca2+ signalling, I investigated Ca2+ levels in quiescent and active NSCs. I have found that quiescent NSCs have significantly higher intracellular Ca2+ compared to active NSCs. Upregulation of intracellular Ca2+ phenocopies loss of Slo, repressing NSC activation. The second quiescence-specific gene I have assayed is mulet, a tubulin cofactor that destabilises microtubule. I have shown that in NSCs, mulet expresses exclusively at the quiescent stage. Loss of mulet results in growth defects at the whole organismal level, but does not affect NSC quiescence and activation. Therefore, mulet can be used as a marker for quiescent NSCs, although its function in regulating quiescence is yet unclear. I hypothesised that astrocytes in the adult Drosophila brain were quiescent NSCs as some of them expressed the NSC marker, deadpan. In rodents, adult NSCs are astrocytes that can be triggered into proliferation by brain hyperactivation. I have found that hyperactivation of astrocytes, but not neurons, triggers cell cycle re-entry in the adult Drosophila brain. The cells that re-enter the cell cycle are mostly glia. However, these cells are arrested in the cell cycle and do not proceed to proliferate. Therefore, I have not found evidence that astrocytes function as NSCs in the adult Drosophila brain.
description: China Scholarship Council
Evidence for Cluster Evolution from an Improved Measurement of the Velocity Dispersion and Morphological Fraction of Cluster 1324+3011 at z = 0.76
Creators: name: Lubin, Lori M.
name: Oke, J. B.
name: Postman, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out additional spectroscopic observations in the field of cluster Cl 1324+3011 at z = 0.76. Combined with the spectroscopy presented in Postman, Lubin & Oke (2001, AJ, 122, 1125), we now have spectroscopically confirmed 47 cluster members. With this significant number of redshifts, we measure accurately the cluster velocity dispersion to be 1016 (+126/-93) km/s. The distribution of velocity offsets is consistent with a Gaussian, indicating no substantial velocity substructure. As previously noted for other optically-selected clusters at redshifts of z > 0.5, a comparison between the X-ray luminosity (L_x) and the velocity dispersion (sigma) of Cl 1324+3011 implies that this cluster is underluminous in X-rays by a factor of ~3 - 40 when compared to the L_x - sigma relation for local and moderate-redshift clusters. We also examine the morphologies of those cluster members which have available high-angular-resolution imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). There are 22 spectroscopically-confirmed cluster members within the HST field-of-view. Twelve of these are visually classified as early-type (elliptical or S0) galaxies, implying an early-type fraction of 0.55 (+0.17/-0.14) in this cluster. This fraction is a factor of ~1.5 lower than that observed in nearby rich clusters. Confirming previous cluster studies, the results for cluster Cl 1324+3011, combined with morphological studies of other massive clusters at redshifts less than z = 1, suggest that the galaxy population in massive clusters is strongly evolving with redshift. This evolution implies that early-type galaxies are forming out of the excess of late-type (spiral, irregular, and peculiar) galaxies over the ~7 Gyr timescale.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
The Choice of Index Numbers in Measuring Agricultural Productivity: A Canadian Empirical Case Study
Creators: name: Fantino, Alberto A.
name: Weeman, Terrence S.
name: Fantino, Alberto A.
name: Weeman, Terrence S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness
Productivity Analysis

description: The measurement of agricultural productivity is important in understanding growth in agriculture and in assessing competitiveness. In this paper, some difficulties related to the empirical measurement of productivity are analyzed using a Canadian case study. The paper focuses in particular on the choice of index number procedures, comparing traditional fixed base weight indexes with flexible or superlative indexes such as the Divisia and Fisher. Indexes of aggregate agricultural output, total farm input use, and total factor productivity are estimated for Canada and for the prairie region of western Canada from 1948 to 1991. Alternative productivity growth rates are reported and compared. The productivity results based on the Tornqvist-Theil approximation to the Divisia index and the chained Fisher index are very similar. Both these flexible weight index procedures are to be preferred over the Laspeyres, the most commonly used approach in Canada.
A conceptual framework of Intelligent Management Control System for Higher Education
Creators: name: Dudycz, Helena
name: Hernes, Marcin
name: Kes, Zdzislaw
name: Mercier-Laurent, Eunika
name: Nita, Bartlomiej
name: Nowosielski, Krzysztof
name: Oleksyk, Piotr
name: Mieczyslaw, L. Owoc
name: Palak, Rafal
name: Pondel, Maciej
name: Wojtkiewicz, Krystian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The utilization of management control systems in university management poses a considerable challenge because university's strategic goals are not identical to those applied in profit-oriented management. A university's management control system should take into account the processing of management information for management purposes, allowing for the relationships between different groups of stakeholders. The specificity of the university operation assumes conducting long-term scientific research and educational programmes. Therefore, the controlling approach to university management should considerat long-term performance measurement as well as management in key areas such as research, provision of education to students, and interaction with the tertiary institution's socioeconomic environment.This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework of the Intelligent Management Control System for Higher Education (IMCSHE) based on cognitive agents. The main findings are related to developing the assumption, model, and technological basis including the artificial intelligence method.
Modelling and Measuring Technical Efficiency: An Alternative Approach
Creators: name: Kalirajan, K.P.
name: Shand, R.T.
name: Kalirajan, K.P.
name: Shand, R.T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In the literature, technical efficiency is measured as the ratio of observed output to potential output. Although there is no a priori theoretical reasoning, in the stochastic framework of measuring technical efficiency, the potential output is defined as a neutral shift from the observed output. The objective in this paper is to suggest a method to measure technical efficiency without having to consider the potential output as a neutral shift from the observed output.
Supplementary Information (all sections) from Estimating viral bottleneck sizes for FMDV transmission within and between hosts and implications for the rate of viral evolution
Creators: name: Orton, Richard J.
name: Wright, Caroline F.
name: King, Donald P.
name: Haydon, Daniel T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Information
On Measuring Farmer-Specific and Input-Specific Allocative Efficiency
Creators: name: Obwana, M.B.
name: Kalirajan, K.P.
name: Shand, R.T.
name: Obwana, M.B.
name: Kalirajan, K.P.
name: Shand, R.T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Agribusiness
Farm Management

description: The objective in this paper is to suggest an alternative method of estimating farmer-specific and input-specific allocative efficiency, taking into account the influence of the methods of application of inputs on output. Further, we compare the proposed measures with those calculated based on the existing conventional method using the same data set.
Constraining the second half of reionization with the Lyman-$β$ forest
Creators: name: Keating, Laura C.
name: Kulkarni, Girish
name: Haehnelt, Martin G.
name: Chardin, Jonathan
name: Aubert, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the evolution of the Lyman-series forest into the epoch of reionization using cosmological radiative transfer simulations in a scenario where reionization ends late. We explore models with different midpoints of reionization and gas temperatures. We find that once the simulations have been calibrated to match the mean flux of the observed Lyman-$α$ forest at $4 < z < 6$, they also naturally reproduce the distribution of effective optical depths of the Lyman-$β$ forest in this redshift range. We note that the tail of the largest optical depths that is most challenging to match corresponds to the long absorption trough of ULAS J0148+0600, which we have previously shown to be rare in our simulations. We consider the evolution of the Lyman-series forest out to higher redshifts, and show that future observations of the Lyman-$β$ forest at $z>6$ will discriminate between different reionization histories. The evolution of the Lyman-$α$ and Lyman-$γ$ forests are less promising as a tool for pushing studies of reionization to higher redshifts due to the stronger saturation and foreground contamination, respectively.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 2 of The UPDATE trial (UVB Phototherapy in Dermatology for ATopic Eczema): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of narrowband UVB with optimal topical therapy versus optimal topical therapy in patients with atopic eczema
Creators: name: Knöps, Eva
name: Spuls, Phyllis
name: Duijnhoven, Ruben
name: Dijkgraaf, Marcel
name: van Barreveld, Marit
name: Arents, Bernd
name: van Enst, Annefloor
name: Garritsen, Floor
name: Merkus, Maruschka
name: Middelkamp-Hup, Pina
name: Musters, Annelie
name: Bosma, Angela
name: Hyseni, Ariënna
name: Dijkstra, Jitske
name: Hijnen, Dirk Jan
name: Gerbens, Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: SPIRIT checklist
Trapped-Atom-Interferometer in a Magnetic Microtrap
Creators: name: Hänsel, W.
name: Reichel, J.
name: Hommelhoff, P.
name: Hänsch, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a configuration of a magnetic microtrap which can be used as an interferometer for three-dimensionally trapped atoms. The interferometer is realized via a dynamic splitting potential that transforms from a single well into two separate wells and back. The ports of the interferometer are neighboring vibrational states in the single well potential. We present a one-dimensional model of this interferometer and compute the probability of unwanted vibrational excitations for a realistic magnetic potential. We optimize the speed of the splitting process in order suppress these excitations and conclude that such interferometer device should be feasible with currently available microtrap technique.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRA
Supplemental materials from Public health impact of foodborne exposure to naturally occurring virulence-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes: inference from mouse and mathematical models
Creators: name: Stout, Alison
name: Stelten-Carlson, Anna Van
name: Marquis, Hélène
name: Ballou, Michael
name: Reilly, Brian
name: Loneragan, Guy
name: Nightingale, Kendra
name: Ivanek, Renata
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional materials and methods and associated results
Deltocyathus eccentricus Cairns 1979
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Deltocyathidae
Deltocyathus
Deltocyathus eccentricus

description: Deltocyathus eccentricus Cairns, 1979
Figs. 3G–H
 Deltocyathus agassizii Pourtalès, 1871: 15 (in part); 1874: 35–36 (in part: off Barbados); 1878: 200 (in part).— Moseley, 1876: 546 (in part).
 Deltocyathus italicus Pourtalès, 1880: 101 (in part).— Moseley, 1881: 145 (in part).— Jourdan, 1895: 16 (in part).— Gravier, 1920: 34 (in part).
 Deltocyathus andamanicus Gravier, 1920: 37, pl. 4, figs. 55–59, pl. 15, fig. 209.
 Deltocyathus eccentricus Cairns, 1979: 98–100, pl. 18, figs 8–11.— Zibrowius, 1980: 86–87, pl. 40, figs. A–M, pl. 41, figs. A–N.—Lattig, 2000: 125–126, fig. 65.— Kitahara, 2007: 502–503 (listed).— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 286 (listed).
 Remarks: It was remarkable that all Colombian specimens have a conical base and a very thin theca. No major differences were observed among the Colombian specimens and those described by Cairns (1979) and Zibrowius (1980).
 Distribution: Amphi-atlantic distribution, tropical and sub-tropical, from the South Carolina coast to off the Amazon River delta, and from Portugal to Cape Verde Islands; 183–1000 m (Cairns 1979; Zibrowius 1980). In Colombia, D. eccentricus has been collected from off Portete Bay (La Guajira) to the Gulf of Morrosquillo; 270–500 m depth.
 Material: USNM 46423, 4 specimens, P-394; USNM 46434, 1 specimen, P-1356; INV CNI382, 4 specimens, E13; INV CNI383, 1 specimen, E42; INV CNI384, 1 specimen, E64; INV CNI385, 3 specimens, E65; INV CNI386, 6 specimens, E71; INV CNI716, 7 specimens, E149; INV CNI717, 7 specimens, E149; INV CNI718, 10 specimens, E153; INV CNI719, 2 specimens, E150; INV CNI720, 2 specimens, E153; INV CNI721, 3 specimens, E150; INV CNI722, 2 specimens, E143.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
A New Balance of Power Between Suppliers and Retailers in Finland
Creators: name: Liu, Xing
name: Niemi, Jyrki
name: Liu, Xing
name: Niemi, Jyrki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Agribusiness
Consumer/Household Economics
Production Economics

description: The last twenty years has witnessed substantial changes in retailing across most European countries. Private labels (PL) has become increasingly important strategic tool for European retailers to gain market share, loyalty of customers and reinforce the bargaining power toward suppliers and countervailing power against manufacturing brands. (Bonfrer and Chintagunta, 2004; Hansen et al., 2006; Groznik et. al. 2010 EU commission, 2011). The combination of recession and a retail food price spike during the last 5 years provides even more opportunity for PL growth as increasingly price-sensitive customers shift to PL alternatives.1(Volpe, 2011) According to statistics from Private Label Manufacturer Association (PLMA), the market share of PLs accounts for 17 to 48% of the groceries market in the EU in 2012. In Finland, the sales of private labels have been growing significantly during the last five years. However, the total share of the sales is still lower than in the EU countries on average. PL share is positively correlated to concentration levels in food retail. (Lincoln and Thomason, 2009). Table 1 presents the concentration of national grocery markets in a number of EU countries versus the market shares of PLs based on the volumes obtained from PLMA. Figure 1 displays the total market share of PLs including food and non-food in Finland calculated in value. Clearly, Finnish grocery trade is the most concentrated amongst EU members of states. Even though the market share of PLs in Finland has not reached as high level as the other European countries such as Germany and UK, the market share of PLs in food sector based on sales value, has been steadily grown from 7.6% in 2003 to 12% in 20122(See Figure 1). Given the close link between concentration levels and PL share, the expectation that PL market share in Finland is projected to increase by between 3- 5% points yearly in the coming five years. Compared to the current level of 12 percent, this entails that PL market share is set to over 20% in value in the coming 5 years.
PSR J2021+3651: A Young Radio Pulsar Coincident with an Unidentified EGRET Gamma-ray Source
Creators: name: Roberts, Mallory S. E.
name: Hessels, Jason W. T.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Freire, Paulo C. C.
name: Crawford, Fronefield
name: Lorimer, Duncan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a deep search for radio pulsations toward five unidentified ASCA X-ray sources coincident with EGRET gamma-ray sources. This search has led to the discovery of a young and energetic pulsar using data obtained with the new Wideband Arecibo Pulsar Processor. PSR J2021+3651 is likely associated with the X-ray source AX J2021.1+3651, which in turn is likely associated with the COS B high energy gamma-ray source 2CG 075+00, also known as GeV J2020+3658 or 3EG J2021+3716. PSR J2021+3651 has a rotation period P = 104 ms and P_dot = 9.6x10^{-14}, implying a characteristic age ~17 kyr and a spin-down luminosity E_dot ~ 3.4x10^{36}ergs/s. The dispersion measure DM ~ 371 pc cm^{-3} is by far the highest of any observed pulsar in the Galactic longitude range 55 < l < 80. This DM suggests a distance d > 10 kpc, and a high gamma-ray efficiency of \~15%, but the true distance may be closer if there is a significant contribution to the DM from excess gas in the Cygnus region. The implied luminosity of the associated X-ray source suggests the X-ray emission is dominated by a pulsar wind nebula unresolved by ASCA.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJL
The generalized hardness-intensity diagram for black hole and neutron star X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Singh, Chandra B.
name: Garofalo, David
name: Kennedy, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past half century, X-ray and radio observations of accreting neutron stars and stellar mass black holes have yielded a rich observational picture with common features including state transitions and jet formation, but also sharp differences. While black hole X-ray binaries overwhelmingly suppress jets in so-called soft states, accreting neutron stars are less restrictive, with a soft state wind observed in some sources to co-exist with a jet. We propose an explanation for these differences that leads to a generalization of a foundational element, the hardness-intensity diagram of Fender et al (2004). The inverse relation between jets and winds fits into a picture that connects to prograde accretion while the possibility of counterrotation between accretion disk and compact object accounts for observed differences in accreting neutron stars. This picture comes with a surprising twist, which is that neutron stars embody the small-scale analog of FRII quasars, an idea that allows us to complete the scale invariant picture for the jet-disk connection.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Determinants of Web-based CSR Disclosure in the Food Industry
Creators: name: Sommer, Florian
name: Klink, Jeanette
name: Senkl, Daniela
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Sommer, Florian
name: Klink, Jeanette
name: Senkl, Daniela
name: Hartmann, Monika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Production Economics
subject: Corporate Social Responsibility
subject: Online Communication
subject: Dictionary Based Content Analysis
subject: Food Industry

description: Purpose –Web-based CSR disclosure bears a variety of advantages for firms. Determining factors for web-based CSR disclosure have been analyzed in several papers. However, only limited research has been conducted on both, the food industry and small and midsized enterprises. This paper is one contribution to fill this gap as we investigate web-based CSR communication of food processors including SME. Design/methodology/approach – We analyzed corporate communication on the websites of N=71 food producers from North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany using dictionary-based content analysis. Based on an ordered logit model the relationship between CSR communication and size, profitability, indebtedness and closeness to market was estimated. Economic data were obtained from the commercial database Dafne. Findings – Our results reveal that larger firms provide relatively more CSR information than smaller firms. There was no significant relationship between CSR disclosure and profitability or indebtedness of a company and ambiguous ones with regard to the determinant ‘closeness to market’. Regarding the different areas of communication we found that social compared to environmental aspects were underrepresented. Practical implications – Social aspects of CSR could be used for differentiation at the market. Furthermore as smaller firms provide relatively fewer information on CSR it might be worthwhile to analyze central impediments for CSR communication for those companies. Originality/Value – This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about firms’ CSR communication. It provides for a convenience sample of 71 food processing firms’, including SME, insight regarding the determinants for CSR disclosure on firms’ websites. With the focus on the food industry and the inclusion of SMEs we contribute with our study to two under-researched areas.
Additional file 3 of The UPDATE trial (UVB Phototherapy in Dermatology for ATopic Eczema): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of narrowband UVB with optimal topical therapy versus optimal topical therapy in patients with atopic eczema
Creators: name: Knöps, Eva
name: Spuls, Phyllis
name: Duijnhoven, Ruben
name: Dijkgraaf, Marcel
name: van Barreveld, Marit
name: Arents, Bernd
name: van Enst, Annefloor
name: Garritsen, Floor
name: Merkus, Maruschka
name: Middelkamp-Hup, Pina
name: Musters, Annelie
name: Bosma, Angela
name: Hyseni, Ariënna
name: Dijkstra, Jitske
name: Hijnen, Dirk Jan
name: Gerbens, Louise
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Questionnaires
A Simple Kinetic Model Describes the Processivity of Myosin-V
Creators: name: Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.
name: Fisher, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Myosin-V is a motor protein responsible for organelle and vesicle transport in cells. Recent single-molecule experiments have shown that it is an efficient processive motor that walks along actin filaments taking steps of mean size close to 36 nm. A theoretical study of myosin-V motility is presented following an approach used successfully to analyze the dynamics of conventional kinesin but also taking some account of step-size variations. Much of the present experimental data for myosin-V can be well described by a two-state chemical kinetic model with three load-dependent rates. In addition, the analysis predicts the variation of the mean velocity and of the randomness -- a quantitative measure of the stochastic deviations from uniform, constant-speed motion -- with ATP concentration under both resisting and assisting loads, and indicates a {\it sub}step of size $d_{0} \simeq$ 13-14 nm (from the ATP-binding site) that appears to accord with independent observations.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Biophys. J. in 2003
Technological Competencies and Firm Performance: Analyzing the Importance of Internal and External Competencies
Creators: name: Grillitsch, Markus
name: Nilsson, Magnus
name: Grillitsch, Markus
name: Nilsson, Magnus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: technological competencies
subject: firm performance
subject: accessibility
subject: knowledge
subject: innovation
subject: geography

description: In this paper, we analyze the relationship between technological competencies (TC) and firm performance. Theoretically, the importance of TC is well established and widely accepted. Therefore, it is surprising that a number of empirical studies have been unable to confirm a substantial positive relationship between TC and firm performance. We identify two major reasons for this: [i] affected by the availability and choice of indicators existing studies are often biased towards large firms; and [ii] they frequently do not consider both internal and potential access to firm-external TC. This paper discusses conceptually the interplay between firm-internal and firm-external TC as well as the mediating effect of firm size. These relationships are then analyzed empirically using Swedish micro data on 15,682 firms in 290 Swedish municipalities. Novel indicators based on occupational statistics are combined with measures of time-distance accessibility to study internal and external TC. The results provide evidence for a positive relationship between firm growth and TC. In particular, the combination of firm-internal and firm-external competencies seems to be conducive for growth. Lastly, our study suggests that firm size is an important factor to further our understanding about these relationships. Based on this we identify a number of future research questions to be addressed.
Structural and biophysical analysis of Human DNA repair protein CtIP
Creators: name: Morton, Christopher Robert
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: DNA Repair
Homologous Recombination
CtIP

description: The integrity of our genome is constantly threatened by endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage. The successful repair of DNA lesions is necessary for cellular survival and prevention of disease such as cancer. Therefore, complex molecular pathways have evolved to allow for accurate and timely DNA repair. It is now well-established that mammalian CtIP (CtBP-Interacting Protein) has an important function in DNA Double-Strand Break repair, by promoting the resection of DNA ends in preparation for homologous recombination (HR) and micro-homology mediated end joining (MMEJ). However, the biochemical basis of CtIP’s critical role in DNA double-strand break repair remains poorly understood. The aim of this work is to improve our understanding of CtIP’s function in maintaining genomic stability. In my thesis I describe the structural and biophysical characterisation of human CtIP and its two evolutionarily conserved N- and C-domains that are critical for CtIP function. Sufficient quantities of recombinant CtIP were expressed and purified for in vitro analysis. A combination of biophysical approaches, including analytical ultra-centrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography and cryo EM, were used to probe the oligomeric nature of CtIP. All techniques showed the presence of high molecular weight oligomeric CtIP species. The N-terminal region of CtIP has been previously shown to be essential for its role in DNA end resection, HR and MMEJ. Using X-ray crystallography in combination with small-angle X-ray scattering I demonstrate that an extended region of the CtIP N-terminus spanning amino acids 31 to 136 forms an elongated parallel helical dimer with coiled-coil segments flanking a central zinc-binding motif. In combination with previous crystallographic analysis of the N-terminal tetramerisation motif of CtIP, my new structural information allows modelling the overall architecture of the CtIP NTD. I have explored the ability of CtIP to bind DNA, via electrophoretic mobility shift assays and fluorescence polarisation, to determine the affinity and minimum binding site of its interaction with double-strand DNA. Using alanine scanning mutagenesis, I have investigated the zinc-binding ability of putative metal-coordination residues within the C-terminal domain. Furthermore, I provide evidence for the presence of a coiled-coil region N-terminally juxtaposed to the CtIP-CTD, which might mediate its dimerization. My findings advance our current knowledge of the biochemical and structural properties of human CtIP. They represent a useful contribution to our current efforts to improve our limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms presiding over the critical DNA-end resection step of HR.
Machine learning methods for vector-based compositional semantics
Creators: name: Maillard, Jean
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: natural language processing
nlp
computational linguistics
compositionality
distributional semantics
compositional semantics

description: Rich semantic representations of linguistic data are an essential component to the development of machine learning algorithms for natural language processing. This thesis explores techniques to model the meaning of phrases and sentences as dense vectors, which can then be further analysed and manipulated to perform any number of tasks involving the understanding of human language. Rather than seeing this task purely as an engineering problem, this thesis will focus on linguistically-motivated approaches, based on the principle of compositionality. The first half of the thesis will be dedicated to categorial compositional models, which are based on the observation that certain types of grammars share the structure of the algebra of vector spaces. This leads to an approach where the meanings of words are modelled as multilinear maps, encoded as tensors. In this framework, the meaning of a composite linguistic phrase can be computed via the tensor multiplication of its constituents, according to the phrase's syntactic structure. I contribute two categorial compositional models: the first, an extension of a popular method for learning semantic representation of words, models the meanings of adjective-noun phrases as matrix-vector multiplications; the second uses higher-order tensors to represent the meaning of relative clauses. In contrast, the models presented in the second half of the thesis do away with traditional syntactic structures. Rather than using the standard syntax trees of linguistics to drive the compositional process, these models treat the compositional structure as a latent variable. I contribute two models that automatically induce trees for a downstream task, without ever being shown a `real' syntax tree: one model based on chart parsing, and one based on shift-reduce parsing. While these proposed approaches induce trees that do not resemble traditional syntax trees, they do lead to models with higher performance on downstream tasks – opening up avenues for future research.
description: EPSRC
BIRTH-RELATED CEREMONIES AND CUSTOMS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH LANGUAGES
Creators: name: Moydinova, Maftunakhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This thesis provides a comparative analysis of birth rituals and customs in Uzbek and English. The research study examines the role of national traditions in modern society, their social and cultural significance. Uzbek rituals such as “Crib Wedding”, “Baby Shower” and other birth-related events in English culture are presented on the basis of a comparative analysis. The national identity of these customs and their changes in the processes of modern globalization are highlighted.
Sustainability as Sales Argument in the Fruit Juice Industry? An Analysis of On-Product Communication
Creators: name: Klink, Jeanette
name: Hecht, Stefanie
name: Langen, Nina
name: Hartmann, Monika
name: Klink, Jeanette
name: Hecht, Stefanie
name: Langen, Nina
name: Hartmann, Monika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Sustainability
subject: Content analysis
subject: On-product-communication
subject: Fruit juice industry

description: Purpose/Value – The objective of this paper is to determine (1) the extent to which sustainability serves as a sales argument and (2) which areas of sustainability are communicated in the fruit juice industry. This seems promising against the background that there are several ethical challenges the fruit juice chain is increasingly confronted with and consumers demand for sustainable products is also rising. Design/Methodology – A market investigation at the Point-of Sale (POS) was conducted in July 2013. On-product communication of all fruit juice products (direct fruit juices, fruit juices from concentrate, fruit nectars and smoothies) from five retailers (two full-range retailers, two discounters, one organic store) was analyzed. The data was evaluated using content analysis. Results/Findings – Overall, 562 fruit juices were examined. Results reveal that nearly one quarter of the prod-ucts has labels signaling sustainable aspects. However, most of those products were found in the organic food retailer and are organic juices. Only a small number of products consider other areas of sustainability, such as social concerns or regional production. Discussion/Conclusion – Communicating sustainability aspects of fruit juice production via on-package labels is scarce in conventional retail stores. In view of the ethical challenges present in the fruit juice chain and dis-cussed in the paper, the increasing demand of consumers for sustainable products and the high competition in the sector, communicating different sustainability aspects can be an opportunity for fruit juice producers and retailers to differentiate their products on the highly saturated fruit juice market.
Coherent State Induced Star-Product on $R^3_λ$ and the Fuzzy Sphere
Creators: name: Hammou, A. B.
name: Lagraa, M.
name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Hopf fibration and starting from a four dimensional noncommutative Moyal plane, $R^2_θ\times R^2_θ$, we obtain a star-product for the noncommutative (fuzzy) $R^3_λ$ defined by $[x^i,x^j]=iλε_{ijk}x^k$. Furthermore, we show that there is a projection function which allows us to reduce the functions on $R^3_λ$ to that of the fuzzy sphere, and hence we introduce a new star-product on the fuzzy sphere. We will then briefly discuss how using our method one can extract information about the field theory on fuzzy sphere and $\rrlam$ from the corresponding field theories on $R_{theta}\times R_θ$ space.
description: 25 pages, Latex file, no figures, v2: minor changes, typos corrected and some references added, v3: Final version to appear in PRD
Rotation of anisotropic particles in Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence
Creators: name: Jiang, Linfeng
name: Calzavarini, Enrico
name: Sun, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inertialess anisotropic particles in a Rayleigh-Bénard turbulent flow show maximal tumbling rates for weakly oblate shapes, in contrast with the universal behaviour observed in developed turbulence where the mean tumbling rate monotonically decreases with the particle aspect ratio. This is due to the concurrent effect of turbulent fluctuations and of a mean shear flow whose intensity, we show, is determined by the kinetic boundary layers. In Rayleigh-Bénard turbulence prolate particles align preferentially with the fluid velocity, while oblate ones orient with the temperature gradient. This analysis elucidates the link between particle angular dynamics and small-scale properties of convective turbulence and has implications for the wider class of sheared turbulent flows.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures