cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Area deprivation and demographic factors associated with diabetes technology use in adults with type 1 diabetes in Germany
Creators: name: Auzanneau, Marie
name: Eckert, Alexander J.
name: Meyhöfer, Sebastian M.
name: Heni, Martin
name: Gillessen, Anton
name: Schwettmann, Lars
name: Jehle, Peter M.
name: Hummel, Michael
name: Holl, Reinhard W.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Introduction: Diabetes technology improves glycemic control and quality of life for many people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, inequalities in access to diabetes technology exist in many countries. In Germany, disparities in technology use have been described in pediatric T1D, but no data for adults are available so far. We therefore aimed to analyze whether demographic factors and area deprivation are associated with technology use in a representative population of adults with T1D. Materials and methods: In adults with T1D from the German prospective diabetes follow-up registry (DPV), we analyzed the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and sensor augmented pump therapy (SAP, with and without automated insulin delivery) in 2019-2021 by age group, gender, migration background, and area deprivation using multiple adjusted regression models. Area deprivation, defined as a relative lack of area-based resources, was measured by quintiles of the German index of Multiple Deprivation (GIMD 2015, from Q1, least deprived, to Q5, most deprived districts). Results: Among 13,351 adults with T1D, the use of technology decreased significantly with older age: CSII use fell from 56.1% in the 18−<25-year age group to 3.1% in the ≥80-year age group, CGM use from 75.3% to 28.2%, and SAP use from 45.1% to 1.5% (all p for trend <0.001). The use of technology was also significantly higher in women than in men (CSII: 39.2% vs. 27.6%; CGM: 61.9% vs. 58.0%; SAP: 28.7% vs. 19.6%, all p <0.001), and in individuals without migration background than in those with migration background (CSII: 38.8% vs. 27.6%; CGM: 71.1% vs. 61.4%; SAP: 30.5% vs. 21.3%, all p <0.001). Associations with area deprivation were not linear: the use of each technology decreased only from Q2 to Q4. Discussion: Our real-world data provide evidence that higher age, male gender, and migration background are currently associated with lower use of diabetes technology in adults with T1D in Germany. Associations with area deprivation are more complex, probably due to correlations with other factors, like the higher proportion of migrants in less deprived areas or the federal structure of the German health care system.
All supersymmetric solutions of 3D U(1)$^3$ gauged supergravity
Creators: name: Colgáin, Eoin Ó
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: D3-branes wrapping constant curvature Riemann surfaces give rise to 2D N = (0,2) SCFTs, where the superconformal fixed-points are mapped to vacua of 3D N =2 U(1)^3 gauged supergravity. In this work we determine the fermionic supersymmetry variations of the theory and present all supersymmetric solutions. For spacetimes with a timelike Killing vector, we identify new timelike warped AdS_3 (Gödel) and timelike warped dS_3 critical points. We outline the construction of numerical solutions interpolating between fixed-points, demonstrate that these flows are driven by an irrelevant scalar operator in the SCFT and identify the inverse of the superpotential as a candidate c-function. We further classify all spacetimes with a null Killing vector, in the process producing loci in parameter space where null-warped AdS_3 vacua with Schrodinger z=2 symmetry exist. We construct non-supersymmetric spacelike warped AdS_3 geometries based on D3-branes.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures; v2 32 pages, 6 figures, references added, abstract shortened, appendix on spacelike warped AdS3 added; v3 32 pages, typos corrected, slight rewordings, references added, agrees with published version
Tibetan man wearing sunglasses among demonstrators running from riot police deploying tear gas in Barkor Square after protests against Chinese occupation of Tibet, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Police brutality
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Tibetan man wearing sunglasses among demonstrators running from riot police deploying tear gas in the deserted market stalls of Barkor Square after protests against Chinese occupation of Tibet.
Exhumed Serpentinites and Their Tectonic Significance in Non-collisional Orogens
Creators: name: Donoso-Tapia, Damian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Exhumed serpentinites represent fragments of ancient floor or mantle wedge. While common in suture zones after continental collisions, their origin and tectonic significance in non-collisional orogens are not fully understood. We study serpentinite boulders from five river basins in a segment of the non-collisional Andean orogen in Ecuador. All samples are fully serpentinized and record high temperature serpentinization. Whole-rock data suggest an abyssal origin for the protoliths. In-situ B isotopes favor serpentinization by crust-derived metamorphic fluids in the mantle wedge. Our data suggest four different serpentinite slivers draining into the Cordillera Real stream network, likely associated with different Mesozoic HPLT metamorphic sequences. These findings agree with reported extensional-compressional cycles in the paleo-Andes, favoring exhumation of underplated slab slivers and ophiolite obduction. We propose that serpentinites in non-collisional orogens are sourced from underplated slab slivers that undergo intense serpentinization in the mantle wedge prior to their exhumation during extensional phases.
Quantum Čerenkov Radiation: Spectral Cutoffs and the Role of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Kaminer, Ido
name: Mutzafi, Maor
name: Levy, Amir
name: Harari, Gal
name: Sheinfux, Hanan Herzig
name: Skirlo, Scott
name: Nemirovsky, Jonathan
name: Joannopoulos, John D.
name: Segev, Mordechai
name: Soljačić, Marin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the well-known Čerenkov Effect contains new phenomena arising from the quantum nature of charged particles. The Čerenkov transition amplitudes allow coupling between the charged particle and the emitted photon through their orbital angular momentum (OAM) and spin, by scattering into preferred angles and polarizations. Importantly, the spectral response reveals a discontinuity immediately below a frequency cutoff that can occur in the optical region. Specifically, with proper shaping of electron beams (ebeams), we predict that the traditional Čerenkov radiation angle splits into two distinctive cones of photonic shockwaves. One of the shockwaves can move along a backward cone, otherwise considered impossible for Čerenkov radiation in ordinary matter. Our findings are observable for ebeams with realistic parameters, offering new applications including novel quantum optics sources, and open a new realm for Čerenkov detectors involving the spin and orbital angular momentum of charged particles.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
Association of Systemic Oxidative Stress with Suppressed Serum IgG to Commensal Oral Biofilm and Modulation by Periodontal Infection
Creators: name: Moss, K.
name: Offenbacher, S.
name: Singer, R.E.
name: Beck, J.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To assess the impact of systemic oxidative stress on humoral immune responses, we examined the relation between levels of serum 8-isoprostane and serum IgG antibodies against 17 microorganisms in the commensal oral biofilm among the ARIC population of community-dwelling adults (n = 4,717). Bivariately, serum 8-isoprostane was associated with age, race/center, education, smoking, serum triglycerides, and the extent of periodontal disease severity. Total IgG antibody directed to the oral biofilm was significantly associated with race/center, hypertension, triglycerides, periodontal disease severity, plaque, and serum 8-isoprostane. In multivariate models, the highest quartile of increased 8-isoprostane displayed marked reductions (44%) in biofilm IgG antibody in contrast to small increases in total IgG antibody level for the highest quartiles of oral bacterial burden or periodontal disease severity (19 and 12%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Increased 8-isoprostane was associated with decreased total IgG antibody (p < 0.0001) in subjects with or without extensive periodontal disease and/or biofilm and with suppression of IgG responses across the entire biofilm composition. Increased systemic oxidative stress is associated with a generalized decrease of serum IgG antibody responses to the oral biofilm. Levels of oral microbial burden, periodontitis severity, and smoking are, by comparison, minor modifiers of serum IgG responses to the commensal oral biofilm. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 2973–2983.
Analytic elastic constants in molecular calculations: Finite strain, non-affine displacements, and many-body interatomic potentials
Creators: name: Grießer, Jan
name: Frérot, Lucas
name: Oldenstaedt, Jonas A.
name: Müser, Martin H.
name: Pastewka, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic constants are among the most fundamental and important properties of solid materials, which is why they are routinely characterized in both experiments and simulations. While conceptually simple, the treatment of elastic constants is complicated by two factors not yet having been concurrently discussed: finite-strain and non-affine, internal displacements. Here, we revisit the theory behind zero-temperature, finite-strain elastic constants and extend it to explicitly consider non-affine displacements. We further present analytical expressions for second-order derivatives of the potential energy for two-body and generic many-body interatomic potentials, such as cluster and empirical bond-order potentials. Specifically, we revisit the elastic constants of silicon, silicon carbide and silicon dioxide under hydrostatic compression and dilatation. Based on existing and new results, we outline the effect of multiaxial stress states as opposed to volumetric deformation on the limits of stability of their crystalline lattices.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Quantum Objective Realism
Creators: name: Bednorz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question whether quantum measurements reflect some underlying objective reality has no generally accepted answer. We show that description of such reality is possible under natural conditions such as linearity and causality, although in terms of moments and cumulants of finite order and without relativistic invariance. The proposed construction of observations' probability distribution originates from weak, noninvasive measurements, with detection error replaced by some external finite noise. The noise allows to construct microscopic objective reality, but remains dynamically decoupled and hence unobservable at the macroscopic level.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Towards a quasiphase transition in the single-file chain of water molecules: Simple lattice model
Creators: name: Druchok, Maksym
name: Krasnov, Volodymyr
name: Krokhmalskii, Taras
name: Bufalo, Tatiana Cardoso e
name: de Souza, Sergio Martins
name: Rojas, Onofre
name: Derzhko, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, X.Ma et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 027402 (2017)] have suggested that water molecules encapsulated in (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotube experience a temperature-induced quasiphase transition around 150 K interpreted as changes in the water dipoles orientation. We discuss further this temperature-driven quasiphase transition performing quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations and, most importantly, suggesting a simple lattice model to reproduce the properties of the one-dimensionally confined finite arrays of water molecules. The lattice model takes into account not only the short-range and long-range interactions but also the rotations in a narrow tube and the both ingredients provide an explanation for a temperature-driven orientational ordering of the water molecules, which persists within a relatively wide temperature range.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Approximation error estimates and inverse inequalities for B-splines of maximum smoothness
Creators: name: Takacs, Stefan
name: Takacs, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we develop approximation error estimates as well as corresponding inverse inequalities for B-splines of maximum smoothness, where both the function to be approximated and the approximation error are measured in standard Sobolev norms and semi-norms. The presented approximation error estimates do not depend on the polynomial degree of the splines but only on the grid size. We will see that the approximation lives in a subspace of the classical B-spline space. We show that for this subspace, there is an inverse inequality which is also independent of the polynomial degree. As the approximation error estimate and the inverse inequality show complementary behavior, the results shown in this paper can be used to construct fast iterative methods for solving problems arising from isogeometric discretizations of partial differential equations.
Mitophagy Selectively Degrades Individual Damaged Mitochondria After Photoirradiation
Creators: name: Lemasters, John J.
name: Kim, Insil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria are proposed to be removed by autophagy. However, selective degradation of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has yet to be experimentally verified. In this study, we investigated the cellular fate of individual mitochondria damaged by photoirradiation in hepatocytes isolated from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein fused to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, a marker of forming and newly formed autophagosomes. Photoirradiation with 488-nm light induced mitochondrial depolarization (release of tetramethylrhodamine methylester [TMRM]) in a dose-dependent fashion. At lower doses of light, mitochondria depolarized transiently with re-polarization within 3 min. With greater light, mitochondrial depolarization became irreversible. Irreversible, but not reversible, photodamage induced autophagosome formation after 32±5 min. Photodamage-induced mitophagy was independent of TMRM, as photodamage also induced mitophagy in the absence of TMRM. Photoirradiation with 543-nm light did not induce mitophagy. As revealed by uptake of LysoTracker Red, mitochondria weakly acidified after photodamage before a much stronger acidification after autophagosome formation. Photodamage-induced mitophagy was not blocked by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition with 3-methyladenine (10 mM) or wortmannin (100 nM). In conclusion, individual damaged mitochondria become selectively degraded by mitophagy, but photodamage-induced mitophagic sequestration occurs independently of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathway, the classical upstream signaling pathway of nutrient deprivation-induced autophagy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 1919–1928.
Preparation of topological modes by Lyapunov control
Creators: name: Shi, Z. C.
name: Zhao, X. L.
name: Yi, X. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By Lyapunov control, we present a proposal to drive quasi-particles into a topological mode in quantum systems described by a quadratic Hamiltonian. The merit of this control is the individual manipulations on the boundary sites. We take the Kitaev's chain as an illustration for Fermi systems and show that an arbitrary excitation mode can be steered into the Majorana zero mode by manipulating the chemical potential of the boundary sites. For Bose systems, taking the noninteracting Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model as an example, we illustrate how to drive the system into the edge mode. The sensitivity of the fidelity to perturbations and uncertainties in the control fields and initial modes is also examined. The experimental feasibility of the proposal and the possibility to replace the continuous control field with square wave pulses is finally discussed.
description: 15 pages; 11 figures
The Cosmic Timeline Implied by the JWST High-redshift Galaxies
Creators: name: Melia, Fulvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The so-called `impossibly early galaxy' problem, first identified via the Hubble Space Telescope's observation of galaxies at redshifts z > 10, appears to have been exacerbated by the more recent James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) discovery of galaxy candidates at even higher redshifts (z ~ 17) which, however, are yet to be confirmed spectroscopically. These candidates would have emerged only ~ 230 million years after the big bang in the context of LCDM, requiring a more rapid star formation in the earliest galaxies than appears to be permitted by simulations adopting the concordance model parameters. This time-compression problem would therefore be inconsistent with the age-redshift relation predicted by LCDM. Instead, the sequence of star formation and galaxy assembly would confirm the timeline predicted by the R_h=ct universe, a theoretically advanced version of LCDM that incorporates the `zero active mass' condition from general relativity. This model has accounted for many cosmological data better than LCDM, and eliminates all of its inconsistencies, including the horizon and initial entropy problems. The latest JWST discoveries at z > 14, if confirmed, would add further support to the idea that the R_h=ct universe is favored by the observations over the current standard model.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
A new estimate of mutual information based measure of dependence between two variables: properties and fast implementation
Creators: name: Jain, Namita
name: Murthy, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article proposes a new method to estimate an existing mutual information based dependence measure using histogram density estimates. Finding a suitable bin length for histogram is an open problem. We propose a new way of computing the bin length for histogram using a function of maximum separation between points. The chosen bin length leads to consistent density estimates for histogram method. The values of density thus obtained are used to calculate an estimate of an existing dependence measure. The proposed estimate is named as Mutual Information Based Dependence Index (MIDI). Some important properties of MIDI have also been stated. The performance of the proposed method has been compared to generally accepted measures like Distance Correlation (dcor), Maximal Information Coefficient (MINE) in terms of accuracy and computational complexity with the help of several artificial data sets with different amounts of noise. The proposed method is able to detect many types of relationships between variables, without making any assumption about the functional form of the relationship. The power statistics of proposed method illustrate their effectiveness in detecting non linear relationship. Thus, it is able to achieve generality without a high rate of false positive cases. MIDI is found to work better on a real life data set than competing methods. The proposed method is found to overcome some of the limitations which occur with dcor and MINE. Computationally, MIDI is found to be better than dcor and MINE, in terms of time and memory, making it suitable for large data sets.
description: International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 10-Sep-2015
Counterexamples to the topological Tverberg conjecture
Creators: name: Frick, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A35, 55S35

description: The "topological Tverberg conjecture" by Bárány, Shlosman and Szűcs (1981) states that any continuous map of a simplex of dimension $(r-1)(d+1)$ to $\mathbb{R}^d$ maps points from $r$ disjoint faces of the simplex to the same point in $\mathbb{R}^d$. This was established for affine maps by Tverberg (1966), for the case when $r$ is a prime by Bárány et al., and for prime power $r$ by Özaydin (1987). We combine the generalized van Kampen theorem announced by Mabillard and Wagner (2014) with the constraint method of Blagojević, Ziegler and the author (2014), and thus prove the existence of counterexamples to the topological Tverberg conjecture for any number $r$ of faces that is not a prime power. However, these counterexamples require that the dimension $d$ of the codomain is sufficiently high: the smallest counterexample we obtain is for a map of the $100$-dimensional simplex to $\mathbb{R}^{19}$, for $r=6$.
description: 3 pages, to appear in Oberwolfach Reports. This version differs from the Oberwolfach Reports version in two updated references. This manuscript is now part of arXiv:1510.07984
Can Einstein (rings) surf Gravitational Waves?
Creators: name: Giani, Leonardo
name: Howlett, Cullan
name: Davis, Tamara M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How does the appearance of a strongly lensed system change if a gravitational wave is produced by the lens? In this work we address this question by considering a supermassive black hole binary at the center of the lens emitting gravitational waves propagating either colinearly or orthogonally to the line of sight. Specializing to an Einstein ring configuration (where the source, the lens and the observer are aligned), we show that the gravitational wave induces changes on the ring's angular size and on the optical path of photons. The changes are the same for a given pair of antipodal points on the ring, but maximally different for any pair separated by $90^{\circ}$. For realistic lenses and binaries, we find that the change in the angular size of the Einstein ring is dozens of orders of magnitude smaller than the precision of current experiments. On the other hand, the difference in the optical path induced on a photon by a gravitational wave propagating \textit{orthogonally} to the line of sight triggers, at peak strain, time delays in the range $\sim 0.01 - 1$ seconds, making the chance of their detection (and thus the use of Einstein rings as gravitational wave detectors) less hopeless.
description: v2. Version accepted for publication in the Open Journal of Astrophysics. 8 pages, four figures. Comments are welcome!
The Hilbert-Schmidt analyticity associated with infinite-dimensional unitary groups
Creators: name: Lopushansky, Oleh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46T12 (Primary), 46G20 (Secondary)

description: The article is devoted to the problem of Hilbert-Schmidt type analytic extensions in Hardy spaces over the infinite-dimensional unitary matrix group endowed with an invariant probability measure. An orthogonal basis of Hilbert-Schmidt polynomials, reproducing kernels, integral formulas and boundary values are investigated.
description: 14 pages
An exact general remeshing scheme applied to physically conservative voxelization
Creators: name: Powell, Devon
name: Abel, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact general remeshing scheme to compute analytic integrals of polynomial functions over the intersections between convex polyhedral cells of old and new meshes. In physics applications this allows one to ensure global mass, momentum, and energy conservation while applying higher-order polynomial interpolation. We elaborate on applications of our algorithm arising in the analysis of cosmological N-body data, computer graphics, and continuum mechanics problems. We focus on the particular case of remeshing tetrahedral cells onto a Cartesian grid such that the volume integral of the polynomial density function given on the input mesh is guaranteed to equal the corresponding integral over the output mesh. We refer to this as "physically conservative voxelization". At the core of our method is an algorithm for intersecting two convex polyhedra by successively clipping one against the faces of the other. This algorithm is an implementation of the ideas presented abstractly by Sugihara (1994), who suggests using the planar graph representations of convex polyhedra to ensure topological consistency of the output. This makes our implementation robust to geometric degeneracy in the input. We employ a simplicial decomposition to calculate moment integrals up to quadratic order over the resulting intersection domain. We also address practical issues arising in a software implementation, including numerical stability in geometric calculations, management of cancellation errors, and extension to two dimensions. In a comparison to recent work, we show substantial performance gains. We provide a C implementation intended to be a fast, accurate, and robust tool for geometric calculations on polyhedral mesh elements.
description: Code implementation available at https://github.com/devonmpowell/r3d
Detection of paramagnetic spins with an ultrathin van der Waals quantum sensor
Creators: name: Robertson, Islay O.
name: Scholten, Sam C.
name: Singh, Priya
name: Healey, Alexander J.
name: Meneses, Fernando
name: Reineck, Philipp
name: Abe, Hiroshi
name: Ohshima, Takeshi
name: Kianinia, Mehran
name: Aharonovich, Igor
name: Tetienne, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting magnetic noise from small quantities of paramagnetic spins is a powerful capability for chemical, biochemical, and medical analysis. Quantum sensors based on optically addressable spin defects in bulk semiconductors are typically employed for such purposes, but the 3D crystal structure of the sensor inhibits the sensitivity by limiting the proximity of the defects to the target spins. Here we demonstrate the detection of paramagnetic spins using spin defects hosted in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), a van der Waals material which can be exfoliated into the 2D regime. We first create negatively charged boron vacancy (V$_{\rm B}^-$) defects in a powder of ultrathin hBN nanoflakes ($<10$~atomic monolayers thick on average) and measure the longitudinal spin relaxation time ($T_1$) of this system. We then decorate the dry hBN nanopowder with paramagnetic Gd$^{3+}$ ions and observe a clear $T_1$ quenching, under ambient conditions, consistent with the added magnetic noise. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility of performing spin measurements including $T_1$ relaxometry using solution-suspended hBN nanopowder. Our results highlight the potential and versatility of the hBN quantum sensor for a range of sensing applications, and pave the way towards the realisation of a truly 2D, ultrasensitive quantum sensor.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Polymerases in Nonhomologous End Joining: Building a Bridge over Broken Chromosomes
Creators: name: Ramsden, Dale A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Repair of double-strand breaks in chromosomal DNA is essential. Unfortunately, a paradigm central to most DNA repair pathways—damaged DNA is replaced by polymerases, by using an intact, undamaged complementary strand as a template—no longer works. The nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway nevertheless still uses DNA polymerases to help repair double-strand breaks. Bacteria use a member of the archaeo-eukaryal primase superfamily, whereas eukaryotes use multiple members of the polymerase X family. These polymerases can, depending on the biologic context, accurately replace break-associated damage, mitigate loss of flanking DNA, or diversify products of repair. Polymerases specifically implicated in NHEJ are uniquely effective in these roles: relative to canonic polymerases, NHEJ polymerases have been engineered to do more with less. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 14, 2509–2519.
Thermal Effects in Binary Neutron Star Mergers
Creators: name: Fields, Jacob
name: Prakash, Aviral
name: Breschi, Matteo
name: Radice, David
name: Bernuzzi, Sebastiano
name: Schneider, André da Silva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of finite-temperature effects in numerical-relativity simulations of binary neutron star mergers with microphysical equations of state and neutrino transport in which we vary the effective nucleon masses in a controlled way. We find that, as the specific heat is increased, the merger remnants become colder and more compact due to the reduced thermal pressure support. Using a full Bayesian analysis, we demonstrate that this effect will be measurable in the postmerger gravitational wave signal with next-generation observatories at signal-to-noise ratios of 15.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Homologue Supports Vitamin K–Dependent Carboxylation in Mammalian Cells
Creators: name: Tie, Jian-Ke
name: Jin, Da-Yun
name: Stafford, Darrel W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Aims: Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex, subunit 1 (VKORC1) is a critical participant in the production of active forms of reduced vitamin K and is required for modification of vitamin K–dependent proteins. Homologues of VKORC1 (VKORH) exist throughout evolution, but in bacteria they appear to function in oxidative protein folding as well as quinone reduction. In the current study we explore two questions: Do VKORHs function in the mammalian vitamin K cycle? Is the pair of loop cysteines—C43 and C51 in human VKORC1—conserved in all VKORC1s, essential for the activity of vitamin K epoxide reduction? Results: We used our recently developed cell-based assay to compare the function of VKORHs to that of human VKORC1 in mammalian cells. We identified for the first time a VKORH (from Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Mt-VKORH]) that can function in the mammalian vitamin K cycle with vitamin K epoxide or vitamin K as substrate. Consistent with our previous in vitro results, the loop cysteines of human VKORC1 are not essential for its activity in vivo. Moreover, the corresponding loop cysteines of Mt-VKORH (C57 and C65), which are essential for its activity in disulfide bond formation during protein folding in Escherichia coli, are not required in the mammalian vitamin K cycle. Innovation and Conclusions: Our results indicate that VKORC1 in eukaryotes and Mt-VKORH in bacteria, that is, in their respective native environments, employ apparently different mechanisms for electron transfer. However, when Mt-VKORH is in the mammalian cell system, it employs a mechanism similar to that of VKORC1. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 16, 329–338.
The effect of combined isometric and plyometric training versus contrast strength training on physical performance in male junior handball players
Creators: name: Allégue, Hédi
name: Turki, Olfa
name: Oranchuk, Dustin J.
name: Khemiri, Aymen
name: Schwesig, René
name: Chelly, Mohamed Souhaiel
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Exploring resistance training methods is crucial for optimizing performance programs. Isometric muscle actions have gained popularity in athletic training, but their impact on dynamic performance is uncertain. Isolated isometric actions also lack ecological validity. We compared the effects of 8-week combined isometric and plyometric (COMB) training and contrast strength training (CST) programs on junior male handball players. Thirty-six male first national division players (17.6 ± 1.0 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to COMB, CST, or control (CONT) groups (all n = 12). Sprinting, change of direction, ball throwing velocity, jumping, and strength were assessed pre- and post-intervention. A significant group × time interaction was observed between the COMB and CONT groups for 20 and 30 m sprints (p ≤ 0.002) and between the COMB and CST groups (p ≤ 0.042). The COMB group had the largest improvements in change of direction and the modified T-test, with significant group × time interactions between the COMB and CONT groups (p ≤ 0.021). Significant group × time interactions were observed between the COMB and CST groups and between the COMB and CONT groups for 3 step running throw (p = 0.003; p < 0.001), running throw (p = 0.02; p = 0.031), and jumping throw (p = 0.001; p < 0.001). Countermovement jump showed a significant group × time interaction (p = 0.014), with the COMB group outperforming the other groups. Generally, COMB yielded larger improvements than CST. Coaches should consider incorporating a combination of isometric and plyometric exercises for in-season strength training.
title: Monasterium varense
title: Das Kloster Fahr im Limmattal
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hummel, Oscar
Publisher: name: Buch- und Offsetdruckerei Oscar Hummel
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: 230 Christentum, christliche Theologie
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Fahr
subject: Klosteranlage des Benediktinerinnenklosters Fahr (Fahr)
subject: Kloster Fahr
subject: Kloster

description: Inhalt: Die geographische Lage des Klosters ; Ein Kloster wird gegründet ; Die Zeit bis zur Reformation ; Heitere und ernste Episoden aus der wechselvollen Klostergeschichte ; 70 Jahre Streit um die Metzg ; Der Fährmann zur Fahr ; Das Wirtshaus zur Fahr ; Die Kirchen zu Fahr ; St. Meinrad und St. Mauritius - Patrone der Klosterkirche ; Wirken und Werken im Fahr ; Meditation im Kloster Fahr.
A fast fault-tolerant decoder for qubit and qudit surface codes
Creators: name: Watson, Fern H. E.
name: Anwar, Hussain
name: Browne, Dan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes the operations needed to correct or compensate for the errors according to the measured syndrome, even when the measurement itself is error prone. Previously decoders based on minimum-weight perfect matching have been studied. However, these are not immediately generalizable from qubit to qudit codes. In this work, we develop a fault-tolerant decoder for the surface code, capable of efficient operation for qubits and qudits of any dimension, generalizing the decoder first introduced by Bravyi and Haah [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 200501 (2013)]. We study its performance when both the physical qudits and the syndromes measurements are subject to generalized uncorrelated bit-flip noise (and the higher dimensional equivalent). We show that, with appropriate enhancements to the decoder and a high enough qudit dimension, a threshold at an error rate of more than 8% can be achieved.
description: 13 pages, 19 figures, authors' final copy
Glucagon and its receptors in the mammalian heart
Creators: name: Neumann, Joachim
name: Hofmann, Britt
name: Dhein, Stefan
name: Gergs, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Glucagon exerts effects on the mammalian heart. These effects include alterations in the force of contraction, beating rate, and changes in the cardiac conduction system axis. The cardiac effects of glucagon vary according to species, region, age, and concomitant disease. Depending on the species and region studied, the contractile effects of glucagon can be robust, modest, or even absent. Glucagon is detected in the mammalian heart and might act with an autocrine or paracrine effect on the cardiac glucagon receptors. The glucagon levels in the blood and glucagon receptor levels in the heart can change with disease or simultaneous drug application. Glucagon might signal via the glucagon receptors but, albeit less potently, glucagon might also signal via glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptors (GLP1-receptors). Glucagon receptors signal in a species- and region-dependent fashion. Small molecules or antibodies act as antagonists to glucagon receptors, which may become an additional treatment option for diabetes mellitus. Hence, a novel review of the role of glucagon and the glucagon receptors in the mammalian heart, with an eye on the mouse and human heart, appears relevant. Mouse hearts are addressed here because they can be easily genetically modified to generate mice that may serve as models for better studying the human glucagon receptor.
Charge compressibility and quantum magnetic phase transition in MoS$_2$
Creators: name: Rostami, Habib
name: Asgari, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ground-state properties of monolayer MoS$_2$ incorporating the Coulomb interaction together with a short-range intervalley interaction between charged particles between two valleys within the Hartree-Fock approximation. We consider four variables as independent parameters, namely homogeneous charge (electron or hole) density, averaged dielectric constant, spin degree of freedom and finally the Hubbard repulsion coefficient which originates mostly from $4d$ orbits of Mo atoms. We find the electronic charge compressibility within the mean-field approximation and show that non-monotonic behavior of the compressibility as a function of carrier density which is rather different from those of the two-dimensional electron gas. We also explore a paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic quantum phase transition for the wide range of the electron density in the parameter space.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Symplectic charges in the Yang-Mills theory of the normal conformal Cartan connection: applications to gravity
Creators: name: Bac, Adam
name: Kamiński, Wojciech
name: Lewandowski, Jerzy
name: Broda, Michalina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that a source-free Yang-Mills theory with the normal conformal Cartan connection used as the gauge potential gives rise to equations of motion equivalent to the vanishing of the Bach tensor. We investigate the conformally invariant presymplectic potential current obtained from this theory and find that on the solutions to the Einstein field equations, it can be decomposed into a topological term derived from the Euler density and a part proportional to the potential of the standard Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian. The pullback of our potential to the asymptotic boundary of asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes turns out to coincide with the current obtained from the holographically renormalized gravitational action. This provides an alternative derivation of a symplectic structure on scri without resorting to holographic techniques. We also calculate our current at the null infinity of asymptotically flat spacetimes and in particular show that it vanishes for variations induced by the BMS symmetries. In addition, we calculate the Noether currents and charges corresponding to gauge transformations and diffeomorphisms.
description: 29 pages, 0 figures
Role of NADPH Oxidases in Liver Fibrosis
Creators: name: Brenner, David A.
name: Paik, Yong-Han
name: Kim, Jonghwa
name: Aoyama, Tomonori
name: De Minicis, Samuele
name: Bataller, Ramon
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Significance: Hepatic fibrosis is the common pathophysiologic process resulting from chronic liver injury, characterized by the accumulation of an excessive extracellular matrix. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is a multicomponent enzyme complex that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a wide range of stimuli. In addition to phagocytic NOX2, there are six nonphagocytic NOX proteins. Recent Advances: In the liver, NOX is functionally expressed both in the phagocytic form and in the nonphagocytic form. NOX-derived ROS contributes to various kinds of liver disease caused by alcohol, hepatitis C virus, and toxic bile acids. Recent evidence indicates that both phagocytic NOX2 and nonphagocytic NOX isoforms, including NOX1 and NOX4, mediate distinct profibrogenic actions in hepatic stellate cells, the main fibrogenic cell type in the liver. The critical role of NOX in hepatic fibrogenesis provides a rationale to assess pharmacological NOX inhibitors that treat hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Critical Issues: Although there is compelling evidence indicating a crucial role for NOX-mediated ROS generation in hepatic fibrogenesis, little is known about the expression, subcellular localization, regulation, and redox signaling of NOX isoforms in specific cell types in the liver. Moreover, the exact mechanism of NOX-mediated fibrogenic signaling is still largely unknown. Future Directions: A better understanding through further research about NOX-mediated fibrogenic signaling may enable the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapy using NOX inhibition strategy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 2854–2872.
Determining Energy Balance in the Flaring Chromosphere from Oxygen V Line Ratios
Creators: name: Graham, David R.
name: Fletcher, Lyndsay
name: Labrosse, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impulsive phase of solar flares is a time of rapid energy deposition and heating in the lower solar atmosphere, leading to changes in the temperature and density structure of the region. We use an O V density diagnostic formed of the 192 to 248 line ratio, provided by Hinode EIS, to determine the density of flare footpoint plasma, at O V formation temperatures of 250,000 K, giving a constraint on the properties of the heated transition region. Hinode EIS rasters from 2 small flare events in December 2007 were used. Raster images were co-aligned to identify and establish the footpoint pixels, multiple-component Gaussian line fitting of the spectra was carried out to isolate the diagnostic pair, and the density was calculated for several footpoint areas. The assumptions of equilibrium ionization and optically thin radiation for the O V lines were found to be acceptable. Properties of the electron distribution, for one event, were deduced from earlier RHESSI hard X-ray observations and used to calculate the plasma heating rate, delivered by an electron beam adopting collisional thick-target assumptions, for 2 model atmospheres. Electron number densities of at least log n = 12.3 cm-3 were measured during the flare impulsive phase, far higher than previously expected. For one footpoint, the radiative loss rate for this plasma was found to exceed that which can be delivered by an electron beam implied by the RHESSI data. However, when assuming a completely ionised target atmosphere the heating rate exceeded the losses. A chromospheric thickness of 70-700 km was found to be required to balance a conductive input to the O V-emitting region with radiative losses. The analysis shows that for heating by collisional electrons, it is difficult, or impossible to raise the temperature of the chromosphere to explain the observed densities without assuming a completely ionised atmosphere.
description: Accepted to A&A 14th September 2015
NOX4 NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aging-Associated Cardiovascular Disease
Creators: name: Yuan, Jinling
name: Robidoux, Jacques
name: Vendrov, Kimberly C.
name: Smith, Alberto
name: Vendrov, Aleksandr E.
name: Runge, Marschall S.
name: Sumida, Arihiro
name: Madamanchi, Nageswara R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Aims: Increased oxidative stress and vascular inflammation are implicated in increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence with age. We and others demonstrated that NOX1/2 NADPH oxidase inhibition, by genetic deletion of p47phox, in Apoe−/− mice decreases vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and atherosclerosis in young age. The present study examined whether NOX1/2 NADPH oxidases are also pivotal to aging-associated CVD. Results: Both aged (16 months) Apoe−/− and Apoe−/−/p47phox−/− mice had increased atherosclerotic lesion area, aortic stiffness, and systolic dysfunction compared with young (4 months) cohorts. Cellular and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels were significantly higher in aortic wall and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from aged wild-type and p47phox−/− mice. VSMCs from aged mice had increased mitochondrial protein oxidation and dysfunction and increased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression, which was abrogated with (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (MitoTEMPO) treatment. NOX4 expression was increased in the vasculature and mitochondria of aged mice and its suppression with shRNA in VSMCs from aged mice decreased mtROS levels and improved function. Increased mtROS levels were associated with enhanced mitochondrial NOX4 expression in aortic VSMCs from aged subjects, and NOX4 expression levels in arterial wall correlated with age and atherosclerotic severity. Aged Apoe−/− mice treated with MitoTEMPO and 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine-3,6(2H,5H)-dione had decreased vascular ROS levels and atherosclerosis and preserved vascular and cardiac function. Innovation and Conclusion: These data suggest that NOX4, but not NOX1/2, and mitochondrial oxidative stress are mediators of CVD in aging under hyperlipidemic conditions. Regulating NOX4 activity/expression and using mitochondrial antioxidants are potential approaches to reducing aging-associated CVD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 1389–1409.