cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 2;Supplementary Table 3;Supplementary Table 4;Supplementary Table 5 from Cryptic species in time and space: an assessment of cryptic diversity within eight nominal species of Hydrozoa (Cnidaria)
Creators: name: Miglietta, Maria Pia
name: Pruski, Sarah
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
classificationCode: 60301
subject: Animal Systematics and Taxonomy
classificationCode: 60310
subject: Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Results from the ABGD species delimitation analyses. Here reported are the number of species retrieved per partitition.;Results from ASAP species delimitaion analyses. Here reported are the number of species associated to the best and 2nd best ASAP score. ;Results from the Species Delimitation Plug-in, in Geneious. Here reported are P ID(Strict), P ID(Liberal), P(Randomly Distinct), and Rosenberg's P(AB) for each nominal species. Whithin species, clades number are those shown in Figures 1-10. Non significant results in grey. ; Summary of Species Delimitation Methods and Result. Numbers in colums indicates the number of clades identified by each method. "all" indicates that all clades shown in Figures 1 to 9 are retrieved as valid by a method; "*" in the P(Randomly Distinct) column indicates that this value could not be calculated for some clades due to the number of sequences in the clade being low (= 1 sequence). As discussed in the text, all clades, as identified in figures 1-9, were recovered as valid by at least one species delimitation method. In some species, some methods identified more clades than those shown in Figures 1-9, indicating that the number of cryptic species identified in this paper may be an underestimation.
title: Application of U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating to unravel climate evolution and surface processes
Creators: name: Albert, Richard
name: Gerdes, Axel
name: Campos, Eduardo
name: Ríos Contesse, Juan Cristóbal
name: Zinelabedin, Aline
name: Ritter, Benedikt
name: Wennrich, Volker
name: Dunai, Tibor
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Geochronological tools may play an important role in understanding the coupled evolution of biosphere and Earth surface processes. Intermittent wet periods in arid and hyper-arid environments drive mineral precipitation and mineral transformations, which have the potential to be dated with the U-Pb isotopic system.

With the knowledge and expertise gained in the last few years with the relatively new method of laser ablation U-Pb dating of carbonates, we are now embarked mainly, but not only, on the dating of sulfate phases.

We have successfully applied the method to gypsum-anhydrate nodules sampled at variable depths in soil pits. These nodules are formed by repeated hydration-dehydration events of the soil, which is formed by atmospheric deposition of sulfate. By dating them, we are able to track periods of water availability in arid to hyper-arid environments, such as the Atacama Desert. Other samples that were successfully dated to some extent, which are also linked to water supply, are calcretes and silcretes, gypsum wedges, and minerals formed in supergene Cu enrichment processes. Zircon extracted from volcanic ash layers have also been dated to constrain the timing of lake formation.
Elastic vs. plastic strain relaxation in coalesced GaN nanowires: an x-ray diffraction study
Creators: name: Kaganer, Vladimir M.
name: Jenichen, Bernd
name: Brandt, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coalescence in dense arrays of spontaneously formed GaN nanowires proceeds by bundling: adjacent nanowires bend and merge at their top, thus reducing their surface energy at the expense of the elastic energy of bending. We give a theoretical description of the energetics of this bundling process. The bending energy is shown to be substantially reduced by the creation of dislocations at the coalescence joints. A comparison of experimental and calculated x-ray diffraction profiles from ensembles of bundled nanowires demonstrates that a large part of the bending energy is indeed relaxed by plastic deformation. The residual bending manifests itself by extended tails of the diffraction profiles.
title: The struggle of choosing the “best” data basis for remote geomorphological analyses – Quality assessment of open-source digital elevation models in Northwest Namibia
Creators: name: Krieger, Julian
name: Walk, Janek
name: Lehmkuhl, Frank
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Today, digital elevation models (DEM) form the data basis for most geomorphological analyses. With the wide range of freely available, global DEMs, the question arises which option is the best choice for the desired analysis. The quality of DEMs of equal spatial resolution can be characterized by their vertical accuracy and precision. While the vertical accuracy describes the one-dimensional difference between the DEM and the Earth’s surface, the precision describes the spatial error distribution within the dataset.

To study the geomorphologic evolution at the dry limit, the sparsely vegetated Northwest of Namibia provides a promising landscape due many ephemeral rivers incised differently far into the geologically complex Kunene Highlands and draining towards the Skeleton Coast, which is covered to a large extent by dune fields. This versatility, however, provides challenging condition for the assessment of DEMs, strongly dependent on the respective underlying remote-sensing technology. For this reason, we conducted a quality assessment of the commonly used SRTM, ASTER, ALOS and GLO-30 DEMs – all featuring an equal spatial resolution of one arc-second (~30 m). The absolute vertical error has been assessed by validation using geodetic ICESat-2 data. To quantify the precision of the DEMs in relation to the morphometric complexity of the terrain, surface roughness measures were applied. In addition, it was investigated whether the lithology has an impact on the accuracy and precision. In conclusion, the GLO-30 turned out to be as yet the most accurate (RMSE = 1.1 m) and precise open-source DEM for Northwest Namibia.
Chronic Poverty, Transient Poverty, and Vulnerability in Rural Ethiopia
Creators: name: Lemi, Taye
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: This study analyzes the nature of poverty|chronic versus transient|and household vulnerability to poverty in rural Ethiopia using panel data from the Ethiopia Socioe- conomic Survey (ESS). Much of the poverty observed in the sample is transient in nature, and the proportion of persistently poor households among the chronically poor is relatively low. Quantile regression is used to see whether the same set of variables determine chronic and transient poverty. The results suggest that processes that gen- erate the two types of poverty are di erent; while household characteristics such as size of land owned, value of crops, and number of livestock were signi cant in determining chronic poverty, they do not a ect transient poverty. This implies that measures ap- plied to deal with chronic poverty may not have an impact on transient poverty and vice versa. The analysis of vulnerability to poverty is important to design appropri- ate forward-looking antipoverty interventions. This study measures vulnerability as the probability that a household's level of consumption falls below the poverty line in the future. Vulnerability is found to be higher among the poor and exhibited an inverse correlation with a household's ownership of assets. Moreover, vulnerability is more widespread than poverty. The probability of being vulnerable was higher for households who have faced agricultural shocks and are endowed with less human and physical capital. Focusing on reducing risk and its consequences, through safety nets, credit and insurance schemes, in addition to raising the average level of well-being, is important to minimize vulnerability.
Herschel-PACS observations of far-IR lines in YSOs I: [OI] and H2O at 63 microns
Creators: name: Marichalar, Pablo Rivière
name: Merín, Bruno
name: Kamp, Inga
name: Eiroa, Carlos
name: Montesinos, Benjamín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gas plays a major role in the dynamical evolution of young stellar objects. Its interaction with the dust is the key to our understanding planet formation later on in the protoplanetary disc stage. Studying the gas content is a crucial step towards understanding YSO and planet formation. Such a study can be made through spectroscopic observations of emission lines in the far-infrared, where some of the most important gas coolants emit. We provide a compilation of observations of far-IR lines in 362 young stellar objects covering all evolutionary stages, from Class 0 to Class III with debris discs. In the present paper we focus on [OI] and o-H2O emission at 63 microns. We have retrieved all the available Herschel -PACS spectroscopic observations at 63 microns that used the dominant observing mode, the chop-nod technique. We provide measurements of line fluxes for the [OI] 3P1-3P2 and o-H2O 808-717 transitions at 63 microns computed using different methods. We check for spatially extended emission and further study the presence of multiple dynamical components in line emission. The final compilation consists of line and continuum fluxes at 63 microns for a total of 362 young stellar objects (YSOs). We detected [OI] line emission at 63 microns in 194 sources out of 362, and line absorption in another five sources. o-H2O was detected in 42 sources. We find evidence of extended [OI] emission in 77 sources, and detect 3sigma residual emission in 71 of them. We also looked for different components contributing to the line emission, and found evidence for multiple components in 30 sources. We explored correlations between line emission and continuum emission and find a clear correlation between WISE fluxes from 4.6 to 22 microns and [OI] line emission. We conclude that the observed emission is typically a combination of disc/envelope and jet emission.
description: 69 pages, 18 figures, catalog of fluxes
title: Towards coupled geodynamic and hydrothermal numerical rift models of sediment-hosted Copper and Zinc deposits
Creators: name: Glerum, Anne
name: Weis, Philipp
name: Magnall, Joseph
name: Gleeson, Sarah
name: Brune, Sascha
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Many large sediment-hosted base metal deposits occur in failed continental rifts and the passive margins of successful rifts, e.g., in the MacArthur Basin, Australia, and the Selwyn Basin in Canada. Continental rifts and their margins provide a specific mix of elevated temperatures and heat flows, fault networks to facilitate fluid flow, sediment supply from the rift shoulders, and ocean water contributing pelagic sediments and sulfate. The large-scale geodynamics thus provide the necessary ingredients for metal leaching and deposition to occur on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. To understand the geodynamic controls on ore formation, we are therefore coupling the geodynamic code ASPECT1,2 (coupled to the landscape evolution model FastScape3,4) with the hydrothermal fluid flow code CSMP++5,6 to include realistic pressure, temperature, and heat flow conditions, as well as permeability and sediment distributions, for fluid flow and metal leaching/deposition. This coupled workflow crosses temporal scales of millions of years to years and spatial scales of hundreds of kilometers to meters. We present preliminary results from geodynamic modelling of large-scale continental rifting and hydrothermal simulations at specific snapshots of the upper 10 km of crust of this large-scale geodynamic evolution, showing the effect of rift duration, adjacent craton thickness, and erosion efficiency on sediment-hosted Cu and Zn deposits.

1Kronbichler et al. (2012). GJI191(1), 12–29.

2Heister et al. (2017). GJI, 210(2), 833–851.

3Neuharth et al. (2022). Geology, 50(3), 361–365.

4Braun & Willett (2013). Geomorphology, 180-181, 170-179.

5Weis et al. (2014). Geofluids, 14(3), 347–371.

6Rodríguez et al. (2021). GCubed, 22(6).
Thermodynamic assessment of the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag quaternary system
Creators: name: Lim., Michael
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Heavy-Meson Decay Constants: Isospin Breaking from QCD Sum Rules
Creators: name: Lucha, Wolfgang
name: Melikhov, Dmitri
name: Simula, Silvano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compared with lattice QCD, isospin breaking of heavy-meson decay constants from QCD sum rules agrees for $D$ mesons but disagrees (by a factor of four) for $B$ mesons.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at "Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum XII" (28 August - 3 September 2016, Thessaloniki, Greece)
title: GEOWiki@Schule – eine geowissenschaftliche Online-Lernplattform für den Schulunterricht
Creators: name:  Plitz , Magdalena Luise
name:  Mühlberg , Katrin
name:  Aßbichler , Donja
name:  Junge , Malte
name:  Eckmeier , Eileen
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Das GEOWiki@Schule ist ein Teilbereich der frei zugänglichen Online-Lernplattform GEOWiki@LMU, das derzeit auf Initiative von Lehramtsstudent:innen entsteht. Ziel ist es Schüler:innen und Lehrer:innen für die faszinierende Welt der Geowissenschaften zu begeistern und sie mit den geowissenschaftlichen Methoden vertraut zu machen. Hierfür sollen geowissenschaftliche Themen und Konzepte so aufbereitet werden, dass sie für Laien und Kinder unterschiedlicher Altersklassen nachvollziehbar sind und problemlos im Schulunterricht eingesetzt werden können. Die Artikel sind dabei in mehreren Ebenen aufgebaut: Im Schülerbereich werden die verschiedenen Themen mit anschaulichen Graphiken übersichtlich behandelt und in einer für Schüler:innen verständliche Sprache aufbereitet. Der Fokus liegt dabei u.a. auch darauf, nicht nur geowissenschaftliche Konzepte, wie z.B. Plattentektonik, zu erklären, sondern auch zu vermitteln, mit Hilfe welcher Daten und Methoden das jeweilige Konzept oder Modell entwickelt werden konnte. Hiermit werden (geo-)wissenschaftliche Arbeitsweisen und der Umgang damit vermittelt und transparent gemacht. Ein Schwerpunkt von GEOWiki@Schule ist die Frage: Woher weiß man das? Bei Interesse können Leser:innen ihr Hintergrund- und Methodenwissen durch die Interlinks mit anderen Artikeln im GEOWiki@LMU erweitern. Zudem werden Fachbegriffe im Wörterbuch des GExikOns erklärt und in den Artikeln verlinkt. Im Lehrerbereich werden darüber hinaus Anregungen für praktische Lehreinheiten sowie mögliche Exkursionen für den Unterricht an externen Lernorten gegeben. Zudem werden pädagogische Angebote wissenschaftlicher Einrichtungen, die im Schulunterricht zum Einsatz kommen können, in einer „Link-Sammlung“ vorgestellt, sodass sie von interessierten Lehrer:innen schnell und einfach gefunden werden können.
Investigation on Magnetorheological Brake Light Possible Application of for Rail Vehicle
Creators: name: Zekaryis, Moges
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: Conventional pneumatic brake systems used in light rail vehicle have several limitations and disadvantages such as the response delay in building up the pressure necessary to actuate the brakes there is also, the long time delay between front and rear car, wear of braking pad and requirement for auxiliary components (e.g. compressor, transfer pipes, auxiliary reservoir and main reservoir) increase the overall weight and it is bulky in size of braking system. This paper presents an electromechanical brake system for light rail vehicle using magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The proposed MR brake consists of rotating disks immersed into an MR fluid and an enclosed electromagnet. When current is applied to the electromagnet coil, the MR fluid solidifies as its yield stress varies as a function of the magnetic field applied by the electromagnet. This controllable yield stress produces shear friction on the rotating disks, generating a retarding braking torque. This type of braking system has the following advantages: faster response, easy implementation of a new controller or existing controllers (e.g. ABS etc.), less maintenance requirements since there is no material wear and lighter overall weight since it does not require the auxiliary components. In this paper practical design criteria such as material selection and MR fluid selection are considered to select a basic MR brake configuration. The mechanical part is modeled using Bingham's equation, an approach to modeling the magnetic circuit is also proposed in this work. The equation of the torque transmitted by the MR fluid within the brake is derived, based on this equation, after mathematical manipulation, the torque generating by the MRB is investigated theoretically. The MRB in a rail vehicle was studied using a 1/8th vehicle model. Then, a finite element analysis is performed to investigate the resulting structural and heat distribution within the MR brake configuration. Results shows that MRB generates much lower braking torque compared to that of braking torque required for train to stop and a finite element analysis results shows operating temperature can intermittently reach outside the recommended temperature range of the MR fluid, however possible design improvements are suggested to further increase the braking torque capacity and to reduce temperature rise.
Seven-Disk Manifold, alpha-attractors and B-modes
Creators: name: Ferrara, Sergio
name: Kallosh, Renata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological alpha-attractor models in \cN=1 supergravity are based on hyperbolic geometry of a Poincaré disk with the radius square {\cal R}^2=3α. The predictions for the B-modes, r\approx 3α{4\over N^2}, depend on moduli space geometry and are robust for a rather general class of potentials. Here we notice that starting with M-theory compactified on a 7-manifold with G_2 holonomy, with a special choice of Betti numbers, one can obtain d=4 \cN=1 supergravity with rank 7 scalar coset \Big[{SL(2)\over SO(2)}\Big]^7. In a model where these 7 unit size Poincaré disks have identified moduli one finds that 3 alpha =7. Assuming that the moduli space geometry of the phenomenological models is inherited from this version of M-theory, one would predict r \approx 10^{-2} for 53 e-foldings. We also describe the related maximal supergravity and M/string theory models leading to preferred values 3 alpha =1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
description: 11 p, 1 figure
title: Dual clumped isotope thermometry and fossil eggshells: a way to better understand the dinosaur-bird transition
Creators: name: Tagliavento, Mattia
name: Davies, Amelia
name: Bernecker, Miguel
name: Staudigel, Philip
name: Dawson, Robin
name: Guo, Weifu
name: Fiebig, Jens
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Birds evolved from dinosaurs during the Late Jurassic and they are now one of the most widespread group of vertebrates on the planet. However, some aspects of the dinosaur-bird transition, like the timing of switch to an endothermic thermophysiology and the loss of an ovary, are still obscure. Modern reptiles, as living representatives of the reptiles-dinosaurs-birds lineage, can be used to determine the ancestral conditions for both dinosaurs and birds.

For this study, we analyzed the dual clumped isotopic composition of eggshells of modern reptiles, modern birds and Troodon, one of the last bird-like dinosaur. Dual clumped isotope thermometry (combined analysis of ∆47 and ∆48) not only allows the determination of the carbonate precipitation temperature, but consent the identification of the kinetic effects prevailing during precipitation, hence opening way to a more comprehensive understanding of the (bio)mineralization process.

Our results suggest that Troodon, despite presenting bird-like body temperature, still presented a reptile-like eggshell mineralization process that not required involvement of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate as transitional phase. These results might also imply that Troodon was still in posses of two fully functional ovaries.

Critically, this work proves that dual clumped isotope thermometry can extract biological information from mineralized fossil material, allowing investigation of physiological information of extinct animals even in absence of reliable soft tissue evidence.
Gate-Variable Mid-Infrared Optical Transitions in a $(Bi_{1-x}Sb_x)_2Te_3$ Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Whitney, William S.
name: Brar, Victor W.
name: Ou, Yunbo
name: Shao, Yinming
name: Davoyan, Artur R.
name: Basov, D. N.
name: He, Ke
name: Xue, Qi-Kun
name: Atwater, Harry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report mid-infrared spectroscopy measurements of an electrostatically gated topological insulator, in which we observe several percent modulation of transmittance and reflectance of (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 films as gating shifts the Fermi level. Infrared transmittance measurements of gated (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3 films were enabled by use of an epitaxial lift-off method for large-area transfer of topological insulator films from infrared-absorbing SrTiO3 growth substrates to thermal oxidized silicon substrates. We combine these optical experiments with transport measurements and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to identify the observed spectral modulation as a gate-driven transfer of spectral weight between both bulk and topological surface channels and interband and intraband channels. We develop a model for the complex permittivity of gated (Bi1-xSbx)2Te3, and find a good match to our experimental data. These results open the path for layered topological insulator materials as a new candidate for tunable infrared optics and highlight the possibility of switching topological optoelectronic phenomena between bulk and spin-polarized surface regimes.
International tourism receipt and economic growth of Ethiopia: empirical analysis
Creators: name: Felmeta, Kebede
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: In recent years, tourism has become an important economic activity almost in all the countries of the world. It creates various direct, indirect and induced effects in the economy. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationship between international tourism revenue and economic growth, and their causality in Ethiopia using time series data over the period 1974-2017. Johansen's Co-integration test has been employed for the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables and VECM short-run dynamics. Granger Causality test has also been applied to examine the causal relationship between these variables. The results from Johansen co-integration test reveals a positive and statistically significant relationship between international tourism receipts and economic growth which is in support of tourism lead growth hypothesis for Ethiopian case. The Granger causality test also shows unidirectional relationship running from tourism receipt to economic growth in Ethiopia which is in the support of Tourism Lead Growth Hypothesis (TLGH). The speed of adjustment indicates 22.11% of the short run adjustment is made per year towards long-run equilibrium. Based on the findings the researcher suggests that the government should further improve and sustain tourism sector in order to generate the long run higher economic growth.
title: Future trends of in-situ beta decay dating
Creators: name: Zack, Thomas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The field of mass spectrometry has seen an impressive boost with the commercialization of an older idea of sandwiching a reaction cell between two mass filters, a configuration dubbed MS/MS. This allows controlled reactions between ions within an ICP-MS instrument and reaction gases, with the aim of reducing or even eliminating isobaric interferences. Rather established now is the example of eliminating 87Rb+ on m/z of 87 by reacting the desired 87Sr+ with gases such as N2O or SF6 to 87Sr16O+ or 87Sr19F+, leaving the Rb-ion behind. This allows Rb-Sr dating from transient signals, in particular when coupled to a laser ablation system, currently the most commonly utilized “in-situ beta decay dating” tool.

Within the field of in-situ Rb-Sr dating, particular attention is given to develop primary reference material for the scientific community. Here I will demonstrate that more emphasis should be spent on better characterizing suitable reference material (e.g., with the help of isotope dilution TIMS and MC-ICP-MS) rather than trying to “matrix-match” every possible target material. Furthermore, I am calling for a paradigm shift when dealing with Rb-Sr data from the classical isochron approach towards single spot dating, allowing e.g. detrital and age zonation studies.

Besides Rb-Sr dating, with the same technique it has been demonstrated that other exciting beta decay schemes are accessible to in-situ dating, specifically K-Ca, Re-Os and Lu-Hf. Progress was and will be possible by systematically studying ion-molecule reactions from a wide spectrum of reactive gases and gas mixes, such as CH4 and H2+SF6.
Fracture propagation in soft rock
Creators: name: Lim., Wilson It Leong
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Alteration of basalt mineral surfaces at hydrothermal conditions: Insights into reaction mechanics during solid-fluid interactions.
Creators: name: Peter, Mathias
name: Babel, Hannah Rose
name: Jorgensen, Steffen Leth
name: Bach, Wolfgang
name: Luttge, Andreas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The analysis of solid-fluid interactions in nature is crucial for our understanding of material fluxes and sub-surface stability. However, there is still a significant quantitative and qualitative difference between dissolution data obtained in nature and laboratories. With modern surface-analysis techniques like AFM, VSI, SEM and Raman Spectroscopy, we can observe alteration on mineral surfaces on a high nanometer to low micrometer scale. This enables us to figure out microscopic reactions that can lead to macroscopic changes at rock surfaces.  To gain insights into a natural basaltic system, a subsurface observatory has been installed in a borehole at Surtsey volcano off the southwest coast of Iceland a. In the observatory, mineral surfaces of olivine (Fo90) and basaltic tephra were exposed to hydrothermal conditions at 41°C and 96°C respectively.

Laboratory experiments were performed with the same material under conditions similar to those in the Surtsey borehole.  With the help of data from both experimental studies, we examined different gradients of palagonization reactions at glass surfaces as well as a beginning serpentinization of olivine at high temperature conditions. At low temperatures, especially olivine surfaces examined etch pits as a result of dissolution reactions. These differences in surface alteration demonstrate the complexity and the influence of various mechanics that play a role at solid fluid reactions and surface alteration. Furthermore, ongoing experiments address the role of microbe-mineral interactions in controlling the rates and mechanisms of mineral dissolution and precipitation.

a Türke et. al.: Design of the subsurface observatory at Surtsey volcano, Iceland, 2017.
Good families of Drinfeld modular curves
Creators: name: Bassa, Alp
name: Beelen, Peter
name: Nguyen, Nhut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09, 14H05, 14H10 (primary), 11R58, 14Q05 (secondary)

description: In this paper we investigate examples of good and optimal Drinfeld modular towers of function fields. Surprisingly, the optimality of these towers has not been investigated in full detail in the literature. We also give an algorithmic approach on how to obtain explicit defining equations for some of these towers and in particular give a new explicit example of an optimal tower over a quadratic finite field.
Relative Effectiveness of Monetary and Fiscal Policies on Economic Growth in Ethiopia: Vector Auto-regression Approach
Creators: name: Tesfay, Teweldebrehan
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2010

description: The study empirically investigates the relative effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies on economic growth in Ethiopia. With the objective of finding out the relative strength of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth, the study used an unrestricted vector autoregressions (VARs) framework, based on the St. Louis equation, to compute variance decompositions (VDCs) and impulse response functions (IRFs). Neither government expenditure nor money supply (M2) was found to be statistically significant in the co-integrating equations estimated suggesting that the policy variables are neutral in the long run. The results derived from the VDCs and IRFs imply that monetary policy alone has a significantly positive impact on GDP growth in Ethiopia. However, the impact of fiscal policy on GDP growth remains broadly insignificant. The outcome of this study, thus, supports the views of the proponents of the St. Louis Model that monetary policy is relatively more effective than fiscal policy in stimulating economic activity.
title: U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Siebengebirge Volcanic Field - Implications for the dynamics of the Lower Rhine Basin (Germany)
Creators: name: Tomaschek, Frank
name: Zumkeller, Severin
name: Reschke, Leoniedas
name: Sandmann, Sascha
name: Lagos, Markus
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Oligocene Siebengebirge Volcanic Field (SVF) is located at the south-eastern termination of the extensional Lower Rhine Basin (LRB). Tuffitic deposits, repeatedly embedded within the siliciclastic basin sediments, provide a largely untapped record on the evolution of intracontinental volcanism and basin dynamics. With the aim to provide radiometric age constraints, we applied laser-ablation U-Pb zircon geochronology on trachytic rocks from Siebengebirge surface outcrops, and tuffitic layers within drill cores of the Köln Formation.

While the lithostratigraphic sequence of the LRB is perfectly established [1], previous attempts using K-Ar on trachyte tuff sandine returned conflicting results, possibly due to diagenetic alteration [2]. Sampled tuffitic layers within the Oligocene of the Köln Formation (archived drill cores Haus Ölgarten and Niederpleis, GD NRW) returned U-Pb zircon populations from the Horizons 05/06 transition, as well as from Horizon 08 to Horizon 1, that are identical to those from the Siebengebirge trachytic outcrops.

In accord with previous results from Ar-Ar sanidine [3], U-Pb zircon geochronology confirms that differentiated volcanism in the SVF is restricted to a single, relatively short time period. First results for the Köln Formation suggest that the trachytic volcanism should indeed be placed at the base of Horizon 06 within the lithological standard profile, whereas similar material in younger horizons had probably been reworked. As a consequence, the voluminous trachytic SVF volcanism seems to coincide with accelerated subsidence of the rift basin.

[1] Schäfer et al. (2004) Newsl Stratigr; [2] Todt & Lippolt (1980) J Geophys; [3] Przybyla et al. (2018) IJES.
Shakedown behaviour of reinforced concrete slabs
Creators: name: Shin., Lim Khee
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
A studentized permutation test for three-arm trials in the 'gold standard' design
Creators: name: Mütze, Tobias
name: Konietschke, Frank
name: Munk, Axel
name: Friede, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 'gold standard' design for three-arm trials refers to trials with an active control and a placebo control in addition to the experimental treatment group. This trial design is recommended when being ethically justifiable and it allows the simultaneous comparison of experimental treatment, active control, and placebo. Parametric testing methods have been studied plentifully over the past years. However, these methods often tend to be liberal or conservative when distributional assumptions are not met particularly with small sample sizes. In this article, we introduce a studentized permutation test for testing non-inferiority and superiority of the experimental treatment compared to the active control in three-arm trials in the `gold standard' design. The performance of the studentized permutation test for finite sample sizes is assessed in a Monte-Carlo simulation study under various parameter constellations. Emphasis is put on whether the studentized permutation test meets the target significance level. For comparison purposes, commonly used Wald-type tests are included in the simulation study. The simulation study shows that the presented studentized permutation test for assessing non-inferiority in three-arm trials in the 'gold standard' design outperforms its competitors for count data. The methods discussed in this paper are implemented in the R package ThreeArmedTrials which is available on the comprehensive R archive network (CRAN).
Fission and fusion scenarios for magnetic microswimmer clusters
Creators: name: Guzmán-Lastra, Francisca
name: Kaiser, Andreas
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fission and fusion processes of particles clusters occur in many areas of physics and chemistry from subnuclear to astronomic length scales. Here we study fission and fusion of magnetic microswimmer clusters as governed by their hydrodynamic and dipolar interactions. Rich scenarios are found which depend crucially on whether the swimmer is a pusher or a puller. In particular a linear magnetic chain of pullers is stable while a pusher chain shows a cascade of fission (or disassembly) processes as the self-propulsion velocity is increased. Contrarily, magnetic ring clusters show fission for any type of swimmer. Moreover, we find a plethora of possible fusion (or assembly) scenarios if a single swimmer collides with a ringlike cluster and two rings spontaneously collide. Our predictions are obtained by computer simulations and verifiable in experiments on active colloidal Janus particles and magnetotactic bacteria.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
title: PySILLS, a newly developed Python-based open source tool for a modern data reduction of LA-ICP-MS experiments
Creators: name: Beeskow, Maximilian
name: Wagner, Thomas
name: Tobias, Fußwinkel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a sensitive, efficient and cost-effective method for analyzing the major, minor and trace element compositions of minerals as well as of fluid and melt inclusions. Due to the high spatial resolution, low detection limits and multi-element capabilities of the LA-ICP-MS technique, it is ideally suited for rapid in situ chemical analysis of geological materials with minimal sample preparation requirements. Because of the wide use of LA-ICP-MS in geosciences, materials sciences and life sciences, there is a considerable need for modern data reduction tools that combine an intuitive and efficient workflow, a comprehensive statistical analysis and the strengths of open source software development. The new LA-ICP-MS data analysis tool PySILLS is completely written in Python, a popular, high-level and general-purpose programming language. A key design concept of PySILLS is to keep the code simple, in order to make the development of plugins, for example novel quantification methods for the analysis of fluid or melt inclusions, as user-friendly as possible. Another key concept is to keep the workflow and the possible settings efficient and flexible. PySILLS was initially developed in the context of a MSc thesis project and has been brought to the level that the widely used SILLS tool offers, and features already a number of important improvements. Further extensions, for example the implementation of user-developed plugins such as a fluid inclusion quantification method that combines LA-ICP-MS and microthermometric data with thermoynamic modeling, can be exptected in the near future.
title: Origin of highly siderophile element fractionation and excess 187Os in rocks from the CM-1 core of the Oman Drilling Project (Oman ophiolite)
Creators: name: Becker, Harry
name: Weitkamp, Saskia
name: Fleming, William Lindsay
name: Kaehne, Alea Zoe
name: Stammeier, Jessica A.
name: Gleissner, Philipp
name: Hoffmann, J. Elis
name: Takazawa, Eiichi
name: Köpke, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The southern massifs of the Oman ophiolite were often considered as a model for the structure and composition of crust at fast-spreading ocean ridges. However, the influence of late-stage convergent plate margin magmatism on the evolution of lower crustal and upper mantle rocks in the ophiolite is still poorly understood. Here, we report new constraints from highly siderophile and other chalcophile element abundances and 187Os/188Os on samples from the CM-1 drill core of the Oman Drilling Project. Main results are: (1) Abundances of most elements in this study were not affected by low-temperature alteration. (2) In harzburgites and dunites from the top of the mantle section, chalcophile elements predominantly are controlled by traces of sulfides, precipitated from sulfide-saturated, incompatible element-depleted magmas. (3) The overlying dunite-rich crust-mantle transition zone (CMTZ) is extremely depleted in Pd, Se and Re, indicating that parent magmas were sulfide-undersaturated. (4) The mafic unit on top shows local sulfide saturation. (5) Ru/Ir and Os/Ir in CMTZ dunite are suprachondritic, whereas values in the overlying mafic unit are subchondritic. Hence, rocks of the mafic unit are products of magmas that initially crystallized cumulate olivine and a laurite-ehrlichmannite phase in CMTZ. (6) Suprachondritic initial 187Os/188Os of CMTZ, the mafic unit and other lower crustal gabbros suggest that most of the lower crust was affected by magmas that contained excess radiogenic 187Os, presumably a result of slab-derived inputs during the short-lived subduction zone stage.
GSMR Coverage and Capacity Planning Awash-Woldia Rail Line
Creators: name: Abrha, Teka
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: This thesis is intended to give a good understanding of GSMR radio network planning and perform a case study in Awash-Woldia rail line. It also considers future network implementation. In any cellular network, whether an expansion of the existing one or as a new technology to be deployed, the nominal planning of radio access network is considered as critical point. This is because it gives the first rough estimation to coverage and capacity. In this thesis the coverage estimation is done by considering the nature of the route inspected from Google Earth. The number of base stations required to cover a given suburban rail line is determined. Appropriate propagation model is also selected. The capacity planning is done only in the analysis part; because of the unavailability and difficulty of having the traffic digital data for railway systems. The analytical results are simulated using radio planning tool called Atoll. Atoll is chosen over other dimensioning tools like Excel-based software and MATLAB for its indepth input analysis, flexible working environment and being professional planning software. After integration of the results in the dimensioning tool, the work is reviewed and iterations are performed till the desired results are reached. The simulations show that it is quite evident the planned network provides satisfactory results especially in coverage performance. Finally, we have found that 48 GSMR BTSs with total capacity of 3.35Mbps for the entire Awash-Woldia rail line.
Intelligent control of micro/nano manipulators
Creators: name: Liaw., Hwee Choo
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Tuning the caloric response of BaTiO$_3$ by tensile epitaxial strain
Creators: name: Grünebohm, Anna
name: Marathe, Madhura
name: Ederer, Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of epitaxial strain on the electrocaloric effect (ECE) in BaTiO$_3$ by means of ab initio based molecular dynamics simulations. We show that tensile strain can be used to optimize the operation range for ferroic cooling. Strain in the range of $\leq 1$ % can be used to shift the operation temperature by several hundreds of Kelvin both to higher and lower temperatures, depending on the direction of the external field. In addition, the transformation between multi-domain and mono-domain states, induced by an in-plane electric field, results in an additional peak of the adiabatic temperature change at lower temperatures, and a broad temperature interval where the caloric response scales linearly with the applied field strength, even up to very high fields.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
title: Towards a more robust assessment of internal K-content for single-grain feldspar luminescence dating.
Creators: name: Maßon, Linda
name: Riedesel, Svenja
name: Zander, Anja
name: Reimann, Tony
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Accurate dose rate determination is essential in luminescence dating studies and when using feldspars, the internal K-content has to be considered. Until recently it was common practice to base the estimates for the internal content of 40K and 87Rb of feldspar extracts used for infra-red stimulated luminescence dating on literature values. However, in some regions of the world (e.g. Atacama, Java), feldspar extracts prepared for single-grain luminescence analyses exhibit a complex mineralogy affecting the reliable determination of the internal dose rate (e.g. Sontag-González et al., 2021). A proof of concept study on luminescence dating in the central Atacama Desert for example demonstrated that values suggested by literature overestimate the K-content of the luminescent feldspars (Zinelabedin et al., 2022).

Here we test and evaluate different methods to determine the K-content of feldspar grain separates and its impact on single grain luminescence dating. For a set of chemically and structurally different samples from various geological origins, we compare the labour-efficient determination of the K-concentration on 100 µg subsamples utilising a β-counter with two more time-consuming techniques (EDX, micro-XRF) measuring the K-content of the individual grains.

We test the validity of the time- and cost-efficient β-counter dose rate estimation procedure in comparison to more cost- and labour-intensive alternatives. We aim at establishing a methodological foundation for spatially-resolved and single-grain luminescence-based analysis of feldspar samples with the ultimate goal to investigate geomorphological processes on the μm-scale in the Atacama Desert.

References:

Sontag-González et al. 2021, QG 65, 101181.

Zinelabedin et al. 2022, QG 101341.
Multiple solutions of $p$-biharmonic equations with Navier boundary conditions
Creators: name: Bisci, Giovanni Molica
name: Repovš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J40, 35J60, 35A01, 35B38

description: In this paper, exploiting variational methods, the existence of multiple weak solutions for a class of elliptic Navier boundary problems involving the $p$-biharmonic operator is investigated. Moreover, a concrete example of an application is presented.
Quantum smoothing for classical mixtures
Creators: name: Tan, D.
name: Naghiloo, M.
name: Mølmer, K.
name: Murch, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum mechanics, wave functions and density matrices represent our knowledge about a quantum system and give probabilities for the outcomes of measurements. If the combined dynamics and measurements on a system lead to a density matrix $ρ(t)$ with only diagonal elements in a given basis $\{|n\rangle\}$, it may be treated as a classical mixture, i.e., a system which randomly occupies the basis states $|n\rangle$ with probabilities $ρ_{nn}(t)$. Fully equivalent to so-called smoothing in classical probability theory, subsequent probing of the occupation of the states $|n\rangle$ improves our ability to retrodict what was the outcome of a projective state measurement at time $t$. Here, we show with experiments on a superconducting qubit that the smoothed probabilities do not, in the same way as the diagonal elements of $ρ$, permit a classical mixture interpretation of the state of the system at the past time $t$.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures