Genotypic divergence of <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum</i> isolates with different growth requirements for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Creators: name: Jeong, Ok-Mi
name: Kang, Min-Su
name: Blackall, Patrick J.
name: Jeon, Byung-Woo
name: Kim, Jin-Hyun
name: Jeong, Jiyeon
name: Lee, Hye-Jin
name: Kim, Dong-Wan
name: Kwon, Yong-Kuk
name: Kim, Jae-Hong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: In 2017, for the first time in Asia, we reported the isolation of variants of <i>Avibacterium paragallinarum</i> with atypical NAD dependency. The present study was conducted to characterize the genotypes of 24 isolates of <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> in Korea, including the four variants reported previously. Most of the typical isolates (19/20) showed a unique ERIC-PCR pattern with no ERIC-PCR patterns in common between the typical isolates and the variants. Furthermore, the variants shared no ERIC-PCR patterns among themselves. All the typical NAD-dependent isolates belonged to the same phylogenetic group based on both <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>hagA</i> gene sequences. The four variants were placed in several groups distinct from the typical isolates. In the <i>16S rRNA</i> phylogenetic analysis, two of the variants were not closely aligned to any other <i>Av. paragallinarum,</i> isolate although they were clearly members of the genus <i>Avibacterium</i>. The other variants were clustered together with NAD atypical isolates from geographically diverse global locations. Compared with the Modesto reference strain AY498870, all the variants lacked a TTTTT stretch at positions 182–186 in the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene and the same deletion was shown in most of the reported variants. The typical isolates and variants shared 97.3–98.2% and 95.2–97.2% nucleotide sequence similarity, for <i>16S rRNA</i> and <i>hagA</i>, respectively. In addition, the similarities among variants were within 98.3–100% and 96.5–98.4% for the two genes, respectively. Our results indicate that the <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> variants with altered NAD growth requirements were genetically different and highly divergent from the typical NAD-dependent isolates. <b>RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS</b>NAD variant Korean <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> isolates show genetic diversity, whereas typical Korean <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> isolates do not.The Korean variants were not closely aligned to all other <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> in the <i>16S rRNA</i> phylogeny.NAD atypical isolates from geographically diverse global locations clustered together.Almost all variants, including all Korean variants of <i>Av. paragallinarum</i>, lack a specific fragment of the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene. NAD variant Korean <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> isolates show genetic diversity, whereas typical Korean <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> isolates do not. The Korean variants were not closely aligned to all other <i>Av. paragallinarum</i> in the <i>16S rRNA</i> phylogeny. NAD atypical isolates from geographically diverse global locations clustered together. Almost all variants, including all Korean variants of <i>Av. paragallinarum</i>, lack a specific fragment of the <i>16S rRNA</i> gene.