cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Completeness Theorems for k-SUM and Geometric Friends: Deciding Fragments of Linear Integer Arithmetic
Creators: name: Gokaj, Geri
name: Künnemann, Marvin
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (LZI)
Year: 2025
Subjects: fine-grained complexity theory
descriptive complexity
presburger arithmetic
completeness results
k-SUM
Theory of computation → Complexity theory and logic

description: In the last three decades, the k-SUM hypothesis has emerged as a satisfying explanation of long-standing time barriers for a variety of algorithmic problems. Yet to this day, the literature knows of only few proven consequences of a refutation of this hypothesis. Taking a descriptive complexity viewpoint, we ask: What is the largest logically defined class of problems captured by the k-SUM problem?
To this end, we introduce a class FOP_ℤ of problems corresponding to deciding sentences in Presburger arithmetic/linear integer arithmetic over finite subsets of integers. We establish two large fragments for which the k-SUM problem is complete under fine-grained reductions: 
1) The k-SUM problem is complete for deciding the sentences with k existential quantifiers. 
2) The 3-SUM problem is complete for all 3-quantifier sentences of FOP_ℤ expressible using at most 3 linear inequalities. Specifically, a faster-than-n^{⌈k/2⌉ ± o(1)} algorithm for k-SUM (or faster-than-n^{2 ± o(1)} algorithm for 3-SUM, respectively) directly translate to polynomial speedups of a general algorithm for all sentences in the respective fragment.
Observing a barrier for proving completeness of 3-SUM for the entire class FOP_ℤ, we turn to the question which other - seemingly more general - problems are complete for FOP_ℤ. In this direction, we establish FOP_ℤ-completeness of the problem pair of Pareto Sum Verification and Hausdorff Distance under n Translations under the L_∞/L₁ norm in ℤ^d. In particular, our results invite to investigate Pareto Sum Verification as a high-dimensional generalization of 3-SUM.
Nursing Work Engagement, Professional Quality of Life, and Intent to Leave: A Structural Equation Modeling Pathway Analysis.
Creators: name: Carroll, Quinton
name: Wei, Holly
name: Hardin, Sonya Renae
name: Nwokocha, Tricia
name: McIntosh, Jennifer
name: Wei, Aaron
name: Richardson, Sherry
name: Cao, Yan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Work engagement, professional quality of life (ProQOL), and intent to leave (ITL) significantly impact organizational behaviors and outcomes. Understanding the complex interrelationships among nurse work engagement, ProQOL, and ITL is essential for improving nurse retention, job satisfaction, and patient outcomes. In previous investigations, work engagement, ProQOL, and ITL relationships have primarily been analyzed individually. A more integrated approach is needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of these factors in the nursing profession.
PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the interrelationships among work engagement, ProQOL (compassion satisfaction [CS], burnout, and secondary traumatic stress [STS]), and ITL in nurses using structural equation modeling path analysis.
METHODS: This was a quantitative descriptive study. Data were collected from registered nurses in the United States (n = 900) using the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the ProQOL-5 (CS, burnout, and STS), and a demographics datasheet (including a one-item ITL question). The proposed theoretical model, incorporating major constructs, was tested using structural equation modeling.
RESULTS: Level of work engagement in nurses impacts ITL through ProQOL. Among the mediating variables, burnout (0.31) had the largest total effect on ITL, followed by STS (0.12) and CS (-0.12). Burnout and STS were found to correlate with ITL directly, whereas CS was found to correlate with ITL indirectly.
CONCLUSIONS: Promoting work engagement, addressing burnout and STS, and fostering CS can positively influence nurse retention and job satisfaction, ultimately improving patient care quality. Healthcare leaders and policymakers should implement strategies to enhance nurse engagement, reduce burnout, and cultivate compassion satisfaction to increase nurse retention and improve organizational outcomes.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION from Cells exploit a phase transition to mechanically remodel the fibrous extracellular matrix
Creators: name: Grekas, Georgios
name: Proestaki, Maria
name: ROSAKIS, Phoebus
name: Notbohm, Jacob
name: Makridakis, Charalambos
name: Guruswami Ravichandran
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplemental Notes and Figures
Elliptic Flow and Jet Quenching of a Parton System after Relativistic Heavy Ion Collision
Creators: name: Shin, Ghi R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the initial phase space distribution after relativistic heavy ion collision by the CGC shattering method incorporating the uncertainty principle and solve the semi-classical Boltzmann equation which includes the gluon radiation processes. We present as a function of time the attenuation rate of high $p_T$ partons, which have transverse momenta over 6 $GeV/c$, in the medium which is formed after relativistic heavy ion collision. We calculate the elliptic flow as a function of an impact parameter, time and transverse momentum and also present the polar anisotropy, which gives the initial condition for color filamentation.
description: 14 pages, applied for J. Korean Physical Society
Imprints of Gravitational Millilensing on the Light Curve of GRBs
Creators: name: Kalantari, Zeinab
name: Ibrahim, Alaa
name: Tabar, Mohammad Reza Rahimi
name: Rahvar, Sohrab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we search for signatures of gravitational millilensing in Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) in which the source-lens-observer geometry produces two images that manifest in the GRB light curve as superimposed peaks with identical temporal variability (or echoes), separated by the time delay between the two images. According to the sensitivity of our detection method, we consider millilensing events due to point mass lenses in the range of $10^5 - 10^7 M_{\odot}$ at lens redshift about half that of the GRB, with a time delay in the order of $10$ seconds. Current GRB observatories are capable of resolving and constraining this lensing scenario if the above conditions are met. We investigated the Fermi/GBM GRB archive from the year 2008 to 2020 using the autocorrelation technique and we found one millilensed GRB candidate out of 2137 GRBs searched, which we use to estimate the optical depth of millilensed GRBs by performing a Monte-Carlo simulation to find the efficiency of our detection method. Considering a point-mass model for the gravitational lens, where the lens is a supermassive black hole, we show that the density parameter of black holes ($Ω_{BH}$) with mass $\approx10^6 M_\odot$ is about $0.007 \pm 0.004$. Our result is one order of magnitude larger compared to consist with previous work in a lower mass range ($10^2 - 10^3 M_{\odot}$), which gave a density parameter $Ω_{BH} \approx 5\times 10^{-4}$, and recent work in the mass range of $10^2 - 10^7 M_{\odot}$ that reported $Ω_{BH} \approx 4.6\times 10^{-4}$. The mass fraction of black holes in this mass range to the total mass of the universe would be $f\approx Ω_{BH}/Ω_M=0.027 \pm 0.016$.
Anomaly Detection for Solder Joints Using $β$-VAE
Creators: name: Ulger, Furkan
name: Yuksel, Seniha Esen
name: Yilmaz, Atila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the assembly process of printed circuit boards (PCB), most of the errors are caused by solder joints in Surface Mount Devices (SMD). In the literature, traditional feature extraction based methods require designing hand-crafted features and rely on the tiered RGB illumination to detect solder joint errors, whereas the supervised Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based approaches require a lot of labelled abnormal samples (defective solder joints) to achieve high accuracy. To solve the optical inspection problem in unrestricted environments with no special lighting and without the existence of error-free reference boards, we propose a new beta-Variational Autoencoders (beta-VAE) architecture for anomaly detection that can work on both IC and non-IC components. We show that the proposed model learns disentangled representation of data, leading to more independent features and improved latent space representations. We compare the activation and gradient-based representations that are used to characterize anomalies; and observe the effect of different beta parameters on accuracy and on untwining the feature representations in beta-VAE. Finally, we show that anomalies on solder joints can be detected with high accuracy via a model trained on directly normal samples without designated hardware or feature engineering.
description: Published in IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology
The Supplement from Addendum 2020 to ‘Measurement of the Earth’s rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015’
Creators: name: L. V. Morrison
name: F. R. Stephenson
name: Hohenkerk, C. Y.
name: M. Zawilski
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Solar System, Solar Physics, Planets and Exoplanets

description: Discussion on 16 Medieval Eclipses
Branching ratios of radiative transitions in O VI
Creators: name: Sur, Chiranjib
name: Chaudhuri, Rajat K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the branching ratios of the allowed and forbidden radiative transitions among the first few (9) fine structure levels of O VI using relativistic coupled cluster theory. We find irregular patterns for a number of transitions with in $n$-complexes with $n\le4$. We have used the exisiting values of the allowed electric dipole ($E1$) transition as a benchmark of our theory. Good agreement with the existing values establish accuracies of not only the theoretical method but the basis function as well. In general the electric quadrupole ($E2$) transition probabilities are greater in magnitude than magnetic dipole ($M1$) transition probabilities, whereas for medium atomic transition frequencies they are of the same order of magnitude. On the other hand if the transitions involved are between two fine structure components of the same term, then the $M1$ transition probability is more probable than that of $E2$. We have analyzed these trends with physical arguments and order of magnitude estimations. The results presented here in tabular and graphical forms are compared with the available theoretical and observed data. Graphical analysis helps to understand the trends of electric and magnetic transitions for the decay channels presented here. Our calculated values of the lifetimes of the excited states are in very good agreement with the available results.
description: Submitted to J. Phys. B, March 2007
Saddle Point Optimization with Approximate Minimization Oracle and its Application to Robust Berthing Control
Creators: name: Akimoto, Youhei
name: Miyauchi, Yoshiki
name: Maki, Atsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an approach to saddle point optimization relying only on oracles that solve minimization problems approximately. We analyze its convergence property on a strongly convex--concave problem and show its linear convergence toward the global min--max saddle point. Based on the convergence analysis, we develop a heuristic approach to adapt the learning rate. An implementation of the developed approach using the (1+1)-CMA-ES as the minimization oracle, namely Adversarial-CMA-ES, is shown to outperform several existing approaches on test problems. Numerical evaluation confirms the tightness of the theoretical convergence rate bound as well as the efficiency of the learning rate adaptation mechanism. As an example of real-world problems, the suggested optimization method is applied to automatic berthing control problems under model uncertainties, showing its usefulness in obtaining solutions robust to uncertainty.
description: Accepted for ACM TELO
Transient X-ray Emission from Normal Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Wong, A. Y. L.
name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Cheng, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray transients appeared in optically non-active galactic nuclei have been observed in recent years. The most popular model explaining this kind of phenomena is the conventional tidal disruption model. In this model, when a star moves within the tidal radius of a black hole, part of the star materials will fall into the black hole through an accretion disk, which gives rise to the luminous flare. We propose that the X-ray emission may not necessarily come from radiation of the accretion disk alone. Instead, it may be related to a jet. As the jet travels in the interstellar medium, a shock is produced and synchrotron radiation is expected. We compared the model light curve and the synchrotron radiation spectrum with the observed data, and find that our model explains the observed light curve and late-time spectrum well. Our model predicts that these transient active galactic nuclei could be sources of the future gamma-ray satellites, e.g. GLAST and the emission region will be expanding with time.
description: 5 figures, accepted by A&A
Relativistic multi-reference Fock-space coupled-cluster calculation of the forbidden $6s^2^1 S_0 \longrightarrow 6s5d^3 D_1$ magnetic-dipole transition in ytterbium
Creators: name: Sur, Chiranjib
name: Chaudhuri, Rajat K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the forbidden $6s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}\longrightarrow6s5d ^{3}D_{1}$ magnetic-dipole transition amplitude computed using multi-reference Fock-space coupled-cluster theory. Our computed transition matrix element ($1.34\times10^{-4}μ_{B}$) is in excellent agreement with the experimental value ($1.33\times10^{-4}$ $μ_{B}$). This value in combination with other known quantities will be helpful to determine the parity non-conserving amplitude for the $6s^{2} ^{1}S_{0}\longrightarrow6s5d ^{3}D_{1}$ transition in atomic Yb. To our knowledge our calculation is the most accurate to date and can be very important in the search of physics beyond the standard model. We further report the $6s6p ^{3}P_{0}\longrightarrow6s6p ^{1}P_{1}$ and $6s5d ^{3}D_{1}\longrightarrow6s6p ^{3}P_{0}$ transition matrix elements which are also in good agreement with the earlier theoretical estimates.
description: Revtex, 4 EPS figures
Z Boson Propagator Correction in Technicolor Theories with ETC Effects Included
Creators: name: Kurachi, Masafumi
name: Shrock, Robert
name: Yamawaki, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Z boson propagator correction, as described by the S parameter, in technicolor theories with extended technicolor interactions included. Our method is to solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the requisite current-current correlation functions. Our results suggest that the inclusion of extended technicolor interactions has a relatively small effect on S.
description: 15pages, 8 figures
Tables S2, S3 and S5 from Addendum 2020 to ‘Measurement of the Earth’s rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015’
Creators: name: L. V. Morrison
name: F. R. Stephenson
name: Hohenkerk, C. Y.
name: M. Zawilski
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Solar System, Solar Physics, Planets and Exoplanets

description: Zip file with updates to Tables published in 2016 for Tables S10 & S11 and polynomial coefficients for the spine approximation
Advancing patient-centric care: integrating patient reported outcomes for tolerability assessment in early phase clinical trials – insights from an expert virtual roundtable
Creators: name: Minchom, Anna
name: Calvert, Melanie
name: Rizk, Steven
name: Collis, Philip
name: Greystoke, Alastair
name: King-Kallimanis, Bellinda L.
name: Petrie, Joan
name: Basch, Ethan
name: O'Connor, Daniel
name: Hansen, Aaron R.
name: Bell, Jill
name: Krumholz, Harlan
name: Gilbert, Alexandra
name: Cella, David
name: Gnanasakthy, Ari
name: Alger, Emily
name: Retzer, Ameeta
name: Sasseville, Maxime
name: Weber, Harald A.
name: Rauz, Saaeha
name: Dueck, Amylou C.
name: Peipert, John Devin
name: Yap, Christina
name: Wilson, Roger
name: Wagner, Lynne
name: Kamudoni, Paul
name: Aiyegbusi, Olalekan Lee
name: Piccinin, Claire
name: Bhatnagar, Vishal
name: Seymour, Lesley K.
name: Rantell, Khadija Rerhou
name: Kholmanskikh, Olga
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Early phase clinical trials provide an initial evaluation of therapies’ risks and benefits to patients, including safety and tolerability, which typically relies on reporting outcomes by investigator and laboratory assessments. Use of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to inform risks (tolerability) and benefits (improvement in disease symptoms) is more common in later than early phase trials. We convened a two-day expert roundtable covering: (1) the necessity and feasibility of a universal PRO core conceptual model for early phase trials; (2) the practical integration of PROs in early phase trials to inform tolerability assessment, guide dose decisions, or as real-time safety alerts to enhance investigator-reported adverse events. Participants (n = 22) included: patient advocates, regulators, clinicians, statisticians, pharmaceutical representatives, and PRO methodologists working across diverse clinical areas. In this manuscript, we report major recommendations resulting from the roundtable discussions corresponding to each theme. Additionally, we highlight priority areas necessitating further investigation.
Mental illness and COVID-19 vaccination: a multinational investigation of observational & register-based data
Creators: name: Jakobsdóttir, Jóhanna
name: Frans, Emma M.
name: Du, Xinkai
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
name: Tómasson, Gunnar
name: Fang, Fang
name: Magnúsdóttir, Ingibjörg
name: Feychting, Maria
name: Murphy, Gillian
name: Nyberg, Fredrik
name: Barker, Mary M.
name: Wang, Bin
name: Brandlistuen, Ragnhild Eek
name: Joyce, Emily E.
name: Johnson, Sverre Urnes
name: McCartney, Daniel L.
name: Kõiv, Kadri
name: Mägi, Reedik
name: Li, Huiqi
name: Campbell, Archie
name: Andreassen, Ole A.
name: Ásbjörnsdóttir, Kristjana
name: Hoffart, Asle
name: Gísladóttir, Elísabet U.
name: Thordardottir, Edda Bjork
name: Lehto, Kelli
name: Ask, Helga
name: Aspelund, Thor
name: Lovik, Anikó
name: Ebrahimi, Omid V.
name: Milbourn, Hannah
name: Kähler, Anna K.
name: Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur A.
name: Hauksdóttir, Arna
name: Herweijer, Eva
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Individuals with mental illness are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. However, previous studies on the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in this population have reported conflicting results. Using data from seven cohort studies (N = 325,298) included in the multinational COVIDMENT consortium, and the Swedish registers (N = 8,080,234), this study investigates the association between mental illness (defined using self-report measures, clinical diagnosis and prescription data) and COVID-19 vaccination uptake. Results from the COVIDMENT cohort studies were pooled using meta-analyses, the majority of which showed no significant association between mental illness and vaccination uptake. In the Swedish register study population, we observed a very small reduction in the uptake of both the first and second dose of a COVID-19 vaccine among individuals with vs. without mental illness; the reduction was however greater among those not using psychiatric medication. Here we show that uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine is generally high among individuals both with and without mental illness, however the lower levels of vaccination uptake observed among subgroups of individuals with unmedicated mental illness warrants further attention.
A relativistic unitary coupled-cluster study of electric quadrupole moment and magnetic dipole hyperfine constants of ^{199}Hg^{+}
Creators: name: Sur, Chiranjib
name: Chaudhuri, Rajat K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for an accurate optical clock which can serve as a better time standard than the present day atomic clock is highly demanding from several areas of science and technology. Several attempts have been made to built more accurate clocks with different ion species. In this article we discuss the electric quadrupole and hyperfine shifts in the $5d^{9}6s^{2} ^{2}D_{5/2}(F=0,m_{F}=0)\leftrightarrow5d^{10}6s ^{2}S_{1/2}(F=2,m_{F}=0)$ clock transition in $ ^{199}Hg^{+}$, one of the most promising candidates for next generation optical clocks. We have applied Fock-space unitary coupled-cluster (FSUCC) theory to study the electric quadrupole moment of the $5d^{9}6s^{2} ^{2}D_{5/2}$ state and magnetic dipole hyperfine constants of $5d^{9}6s^{2} ^{2}D_{3/2,5/2}$ and $5d^{10}6s^{1} ^{2}S_{1/2}$ states respectively of $ ^{199}Hg^{+}$. We have also compared our results with available data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a variant of coupled-cluster (CC) theories has been applied to study these kinds of properties of $Hg^{+}$and is the most accurate estimate of these quantities to date.
description: Revtex, 2 EPS figures, To be published in Phys. Rev. A
Molecular analysis of the DPY-14 region of chromosome I in Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Starr, Terence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis describes the alignment of cloned DNA with the genetic map, and the identification of coding elements within the aligned DNA. The region of study was the dpy-5 unc-29 interval from chromosome I of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, with an emphasis on the region surrounding the gene dpy-14. The objectives of this thesis were: 1) to align the physical and genetic maps .of the region; 2) to identify and characterize the coding elements in the vicinity of dpy-14; and 3) to cross-hybridize the identified C. elegans coding elements to mammalian DNA in an attempt to identify evolutionarily conserved genes. Six polymorphisms from the dpy-5 unc-29 interval were mapped with respect to the free duplication sDp2. The polymorphisms hP5, sPl, and hP9 were found to.be inside the region spanned by sDp2 while the polymorphisms hP4, hP6, and hP7 were found to be outside this interval. In addition, these six polymorphisms were mapped with respect to visible markers from the dpy-5 unc-29 interval. These analyses demonstrated the genetic order to be dpy-5, hP5, unc-37, (dpy-14, sPl), hP9, unc-13, hP7, (hP4, hP6), unc-29. Lambda phage containing the hP5, sPl, and hP6 sites identified and anchored cosmid contigs to the genetic map. The interval from the left of hP5 to the right of unc-13 is contained in a single contig of approximately 1400 Kb. The amount of DNA in Kb across the hP5 and unc-13 interval was compared to the genetic distance in map units. The DNA per map unit value was found to vary in this interval with the greatest value found between hP9 and unc-13. Seven cosmids representing 173 Kb of N2 genomic DNA near the gene dpy-14 were isolated. Using cross-species hybridization to C. briggsae DNA ten conserved regions were identified within these seven cosmids. The ten conserved fragments were used to identify seven cDNAs, six of which also identified RNAs on Northern blots. The relative abundance of the isolated cDNAs varied 250 fold with the most abundant having a level similar to that found for actin. The first comprehensive survey of mammalian homologies in a contiguous set of ten coding regions found three coding elements to be. conserved. One was demonstrated to be the small nuclear RNA gene U1. Another shared sequence similarities with the gene S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase. No detectable homologies were identified with the third. A formaldehyde-induced mutation that failed to complement the genes unc-37, unc-87, dpy-14, let-83 and let-86 was isolated. This mutation appeared to be the result of a DNA rearrangement which had one breakpoint within the cosmid C14A12. Using the conserved elements identified in this thesis together with the rearrangements and mapped genes from the region, a detailed physical and genetic map in the vicinity of dpy-14 was constructed.
Holographic Duals of Argyres-Douglas Theories
Creators: name: Bah, Ibrahima
name: Bonetti, Federico
name: Minasian, Ruben
name: Nardoni, Emily
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new $AdS_5$ solutions in 11d supergravity and identify them as the gravity duals of a class of 4d $\mathcal N = 2$ SCFTs of Argyres-Douglas type, engineered by a stack of M5-branes wrapped on a sphere with one irregular puncture and one regular puncture. The gravity solutions feature an internal M5-brane source, which is dual to the irregular puncture. Thanks to a novel Stückelberg mechanism involving an axion originating from the expansion of the M-theory 3-form, one of the isometry generators on the gravity side is not mapped to a continuous symmetry on the SCFT side.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure; references added, typos fixed
Magnetic braking in young late-type stars: the effect of polar spots
Creators: name: Aibéo, A.
name: Ferreira, J. M.
name: Lima, J. J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concentration of magnetic flux near the poles of rapidly rotating cool stars has been recently proposed as an alternative mechanism to dynamo saturation in order to explain the saturation of angular momentum loss. In this work we study the effect of magnetic surface flux distribution on the coronal field topology and angular momentum loss rate. We investigate if magnetic flux concentration towards the pole is a reasonable alternative to dynamo saturation. We construct a 1D wind model and also apply a 2-D self-similar analytical model, to evaluate how the surface field distribution affects the angular momentum loss of the rotating star. From the 1D model we find that, in a magnetically dominated low corona, the concentrated polar surface field rapidly expands to regions of low magnetic pressure resulting in a coronal field with small latitudinal variation. We also find that the angular momentum loss rate due to a uniform field or a concentrated field with equal total magnetic flux is very similar. From the 2D wind model we show that there are several relevant factors to take into account when studying the angular momentum loss from a star. In particular, we show that the inclusion of force balance across the field in a wind model is fundamental if realistic conclusions are to be drawn from the effect of non-uniform surface field distribution on magnetic braking. This model predicts that a magnetic field concentrated at high latitudes leads to larger Alfven radii and larger braking rates than a smoother field distribution. From the results obtained, we argue that the magnetic surface field distribution towards the pole does not directly limit the braking efficiency of the wind.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted in A&A
A Multiomics Evaluation of the Countermeasure Influence of 4-Week Cranberry Beverage Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Changes in Innate Immunity
Creators: name: Lawson, Jackie
name: Nieman, David C.
name: Woo, Jongmin
name: Sakaguchi, Camila A.
name: Omar, Ashraf M.
name: McRitchie, Susan
name: Pathmasiri, Wimal
name: Mulani, Fayaj A.
name: Williams, James C.
name: Lambirth, Kevin C.
name: Sumner, Susan J.
name: Zhang, Qibin
name: Rushing, Blake R.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: Objectives: This study examined the effect of a 4-week unsweetened cranberry beverage (CRAN) (317 mg polyphenols) versus placebo beverage (PLAC) ingestion (240 mL/day) on moderating exercise-induced changes in innate immunity. Methods: Participants included 25 male and female non-elite cyclists. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design was used with two 4-week supplementation periods and a 2-week washout period. Supplementation periods were followed by an intensive 2.25 h cycling bout. Six blood samples were collected before and after supplementation (in an overnight fasted state) and at 0 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Stool and urine samples were collected pre- and post-supplementation. Outcome measures included serum creatine kinase, myoglobin, and cortisol, complete blood counts, plasma untargeted proteomics, plasma-targeted oxylipins, untargeted urine metabolomics, and stool microbiome composition via whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing. Results: Urine CRAN-linked metabolites increased significantly after supplementation, but no trial differences in alpha or beta microbiota diversity were found in the stool samples. The 2.25 h cycling bout caused significant increases in plasma arachidonic acid (ARA) and 53 oxylipins (FDR q-value < 0.05). The patterns of increase for ARA, four oxylipins generated from ARA-cytochrome P-450 (CYP) (5,6-, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-diHETrEs), two oxylipins from linoleic acid (LA) and CYP (9,10-DiHOME, 12,13-DiHOME), and two oxylipins generated from LA and lipoxygenase (LOX) (9-HODE, 13-HODE) were slightly but significantly higher for the CRAN versus PLAC trial (all interaction effects, p < 0.05). The untargeted proteomics analysis showed that two protein clusters differed significantly between the CRAN and PLAC trials, with CRAN-related elevations in proteins related to innate immune activation and reduced levels of proteins related to the regulation of the complement cascade, platelet activation, and binding and uptake of ligands by scavenger receptors. No trial differences were found for cortisol and muscle damage biomarkers. Conclusions: CRAN versus PLAC juice resulted in a significant increase in CRAN-related metabolites but no differences in the gut microbiome. CRAN supplementation was associated with a transient and modest but significant post-exercise elevation in selected oxylipins and proteins associated with the innate immune system.
On combinatorics of Voronoi polytopes for perturbations of the dual root lattices
Creators: name: Garber, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Voronoi conjecture on parallelohedra claims that for every convex polytope $P$ that tiles Euclidean $d$-dimensional space with translations there exists a $d$-dimensional lattice such that $P$ and the Voronoi polytope of this lattice are affinely equivalent. The Voronoi conjecture is still open for the general case but it is known that some combinatorial restriction for the face structure of $P$ ensure that the Voronoi conjecture holds for $P$. In this paper we prove that if $P$ is the Voronoi polytope of one of the dual root lattices $\mathsf{D}_d^*$, $\mathsf{E}_6^*$, $\mathsf{E}_7^*$ or $\mathsf{E}_8^*=\mathsf{E}_8$ or their small perturbations, then every parallelohedron combinatorially equivalent to $P$ in strong sense satisfies the Voronoi conjecture.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Recording and characterization of holographic diffusers with different efficiencies
Creators: name: SARMA, SUBHRA SANKHA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 20504 Photonics, Optoelectronics and Optical Communications
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Now-a-days diffusers are playing important role in many applications including displays. Conventional diffusers, though, are used for many applications but these have some limitations like back scattered light, Lambertian distribution and directionality. Use of holography can solve these problems to a large extent. Present paper reports a procedure for recording holographic diffusers with different light diffusion efficiencies. Experimental results are compared with ground glass diffuser
An Empirical Investigation into the Effects of the Digital Economy on Regional Integration: Evidence from Urban Agglomeration in China
Creators: name: Wang P
name: Ru L
name: Lu Y
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: Based on the urban panel data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei from 2009 to 2021, this article constructs an indicator system for the development level of the digital economy and regional integration, evaluates the impact of the digital economy on the integration development levels of different types of cities. The study found that (1) The digital economy significantly promotes the integration level of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. The study divides Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei into two categories: large cities and small and medium-sized cities. Large cities and small and medium-sized cities have different effects on the relationship between the digital economy and integration level. (2) From the analysis of different dimensions of the digital economy, digital network infrastructure improvements, industrial digitization, and digital society can all promote regional integration. However, different digital economy contents have different promotional effects on different types of cities. (3) From the results of the mechanism analysis, it can be seen that the optimization of the allocation of human and capital elements, the increase in patent innovation, and the reduction of transaction costs will help enhance the driving force of the digital economy for regional integration. Among them, innovative development significantly impacts large cities’ integration levels. The promotion effect is more significant, and small and medium-sized cities are mainly affected by reduced transaction costs and the optimized allocation of capital factors. This study further expands the impact mechanism of the digital economy on the level of regional integration development. It provides a more in-depth analysis of the use of the digital economy to achieve coordinated regional development in regions with excessive economic and technological differences through heterogeneity research.
The effect of isolated ridges and grooves on static menisci in rectangular channels
Creators: name: Johnstone, Eleanor C.
name: Hazel, Andrew L.
name: Jensen, Oliver E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present theoretical and numerical results that demonstrate the sensitivity of the shape of a static meniscus in a rectangular channel to localised geometric perturbations in the form of narrow ridges and grooves imposed on the channel walls. The Young--Laplace equation is solved for a gas/liquid interface with fixed contact angle using computations, analytical arguments and semi-analytical solutions of a linearised model for small-amplitude perturbations. We find that the local deformation of the meniscus's contact line near a ridge or groove is strongly dependent on the shape of the perturbation. In particular, small-amplitude perturbations that change the channel volume induce a change in the pressure difference across the meniscus, resulting in long-range curvature of its contact line. We derive an explicit expression for this induced pressure difference directly in terms of the boundary data. We show how contact lines can be engineered to assume prescribed patterns using suitable combinations of ridges and grooves.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures
Model-dependent sampling for timber value in old-growth forests of coastal British Columbia
Creators: name: Thrower, James S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The procedure used to sample crown timber before harvesting in B.C. is designed to estimate net volume per ha using systematically located angle-count plots where trees are selected with probability proportional to basal area. The primary purpose of the sample is to provide information for timber valuation and stumpage appraisal. Timber value is the most important population parameter for stumpage calculation, but it is not explicitly considered in the sampling design. The objective of this study was to modify the current sampling method to increase the efficiency for estimating value using model-dependent sampling theory. Eighteen model-dependent sampling strategies were developed from six subsampling methods using three estimators. The six subsampling methods were used to select trees from angle-count plots to estimate the relationship between cruiser-called and estimated tree value. Three subsampling methods used probability-based selection of trees and three methods used purposive-based selection of trees. Ratio, average ratio, and regression estimators were used with each method. The 18 strategies were tested using Monte Carlo simulation with 2000 samples at each of nine sample sizes in three test populations. The test populations were created by grouping angle-count plot data into mutually exclusive sets reflecting different stand characteristics. The sample sizes were n = 20,40, and 60 plots with m = n, 3n, and 5n subsampled trees. Individual tree value was estimated with regression equations that used variables closely related to the value of each species. The sampling strategies were evaluated for bias, sample variance, achieved subsample size, sampling cost, confidence interval coverage, and relative advantage against the current sampling method. The model-dependent subsampling methods using purposive selection of trees were more efficient than the current sampling method considering cost and variance. The purposive-based methods were biased up to about 5%; the probability-based methods were slightly less biased. The two most efficient methods were: i) purposive selection of trees with the highest estimated values in a plot; and ii) purposive selection of trees with estimated values within a given range to give a second-stage sample balanced on the auxiliary variable. The greatest efficiency was always achieved with one sample tree per plot. The current sampling method was unbiased for estimating value but required approximately twice as many plots to estimate value to the same level of precision as net volume.
MPEC 2024-T54 : 2024 TM
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TM

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Anomaly Detection via Gumbel Noise Score Matching
Creators: name: Mahmood, Ahsan
name: Oliva, Junier
name: Styner, Martin A.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2024

description: We propose Gumbel Noise Score Matching (GNSM), a novel unsupervised method to detect anomalies in categorical data. GNSM accomplishes this by estimating the scores, i.e., the gradients of log likelihoods w.r.t. inputs, of continuously relaxed categorical distributions. We test our method on a suite of anomaly detection tabular datasets. GNSM achieves a consistently high performance across all experiments. We further demonstrate the flexibility of GNSM by applying it to image data where the model is tasked to detect poor segmentation predictions. Images ranked anomalous by GNSM show clear segmentation failures, with the anomaly scores strongly correlating with segmentation metrics computed on ground-truth. We outline the score matching training objective utilized by GNSM and provide an open-source implementation of our work
On the MHD load and the MHD metage
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sagar
name: Guha, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In analogy with the load and the metage in hydrodynamics, we define magnetohydrodynamic load and magnetohydrodynamic metage in the case of magnetofluids. They can be used to write the magnetic field in MHD in Clebsch's form. We show how these two concepts can be utilised to derive the magnetic analogue of the Ertel's theorem and also, how in the presence of non-trivial topology of the magnetic field in the magnetofluid one may associate the linking number of the magnetic field lines with the invariant MHD loads. The paper illustrates that the symmetry translation of the MHD metage in the corresponding label space generates the conservation of cross helicity.
description: Some issues in the paper are yet to be addressed. Constructive critisicms are most welcome
Hydrodynamics of quantum spin liquids
Creators: name: Bulchandani, Vir B.
name: Hsu, Benjamin
name: Herzog, Christopher P.
name: Sondhi, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum spin liquids are topological states of matter that arise in frustrated quantum magnets at low temperatures. At low energies, such states exhibit emergent gauge fields and fractionalized quasiparticles and can also possess enhanced global symmetries compared to their parent microscopic Hamiltonians. We study the consequences of this emergent gauge and symmetry structure for the hydrodynamics of quantum spin liquids. Specifically, we analyze two cases, the $U(1)$ spin liquid with a Fermi surface and the $SU(4)$-symmetric "algebraic" spin liquid. We show that the emergent degrees of freedom in the spin liquid phase lead to a variety of additional hydrodynamic modes compared to the high-temperature paramagnetic phase. We identify a hydrodynamic regime for the internal $U(1)$ gauge field common to both states, characterized by slow diffusion of the internal transverse photon.
description: v2: 11+4 pages, 1 figure, accepted version
A Review of Chitosan as a Coagulant of Health-Related Microorganisms in Water and Wastewater
Creators: name: Coleman, Collin Knox
name: Sobsey, Mark D.
name: Oza, Hemali H.
name: Bailey, Emily S.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2024

description: The coagulation and flocculation properties of chitosan, an organic biopolymer derived from chitin, have been researched as an alternative to synthetic polymers and inorganic metal salt coagulants currently used in water and wastewater treatment. In an effort to encourage further research into the practical uses of chitosan as green chemistry in water and wastewater treatment and to promote the efficacious removal of microbial contaminants in drinking and wastewater, we have summarized the current state of research pertaining to the treatment of microorganisms in water and wastewater. A search of PubMed revealed 720 possible titles and abstracts, of which 44 full-text articles were identified as matching the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. Results are presented based on the type of water matrix treated (i.e., drinking water, wastewater, and recreational waters) and a summary table providing details on the types and forms of chitosan utilized and the treatment mechanisms and processes described in the study. We find chitosan to be an effective coagulant, flocculant, and adsorbent for removing microbes from water and wastewater; some modified forms of chitosan can inactivate microbes and achieve disinfection, such as those containing metals like silver and antimicrobial chemicals like quaternary ammonium compounds or other strong oxidants, and use with filtration or electrochemical processes can achieve extensive reductions in microbes to meet performance targets of the World Health Organization.
Elastic behavior of the germanium nanowire membrane
Creators: name: Bodepudi, Revanth
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Bulge test
Germanium nanowire
Porous network
Elastic properties

description: Semiconductor nanowires promise to provide the building blocks for a new generation of nanoscale devices. Recently, researchers have worked on developing new membranes out of semiconductor nanowires. Due to its small dimensions and porous network structure, obtaining the mechanical properties of these membranes is very challenging. This work presents a bulge test method for determining the mechanical properties of the porous germanium nanowire membrane. Theoretical bulge equations for circular and rectangular shaped samples were derived. A parametric analysis was conducted to determine the optimum configuration and guide the selection of components for the apparatus. A laminate comprising the germanium nanowire membrane and a polymer film was fabricated due to the porosity of the nanowire membrane. The bulge test apparatus was designed and developed to test circular and rectangular shaped composite samples that are required to extract Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. The Young’s modulus and the Poisson’s ratio of the germanium nanowire membrane were found to be 208 MPa and 0.10, respectively
Isolation of Extremely Thermophilic Sulfate Reducers: Evidence for a Novel Branch of Archaebacteria
Creators: name: Stetter, Karl Otto
name: Lauerer, G.
name: Thomm, Michael
name: Neuner, A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Extremely thermophilic archaebacteria are known to be metabolizers of elemental sulfur and the methanogens. A novel group of extremely thermophilic archaebacteria is described, which consists of sulfate-respiring organisms that contain pure factor 420 and that have been isolated from marine hydrothermal systems in Italy. They possess a third type of archaebacterial RNA polymerase structure previously unknown, indicating an exceptional phylogenetic position. Most likely, this group represents a third major branch within the archaebacteria. The existence of sulfate reducers at extremely high temperatures could explain hydrogen sulfide formation in hot sulfate-containing environments, such as submarine hydrothermal systems and deep oil wells.
Collective oscillations of a Bose-Fermi mixture: Effect of unequal mass of Bose and Fermi particles
Creators: name: Banerjee, Arup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of different mass of a Bose- and a Fermi-particle on the collective oscillations of the degenerate boson-fermion mixtures. In particular we consider the monopole and the quadrupole modes of the oscillations and study their characters and the frequencies by using variational-sum-rule approach. We find that for both the modes there exists a critical value of the ratio of boson-fermion mass below and above which the character and the frequency of the respective modes are significantly different.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures