cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Demolishing Distance: Technology, Mobility, and Legibility in Early 20th Century Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Greist, Ethan
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: Popular theories of technological-political interaction suggest a positive linear relationship between expanding technological capabilities and expanding state capacity. Key to these theories is the (often implicit) notion that technologies can be classified on a spectrum according to their tendency to enhance or frustrate political centralization. The secular trend of linked expanding state and technological power is therefore read as a causal trajectory driven by the inevitable path of scientific discovery - or perhaps by a positive feedback cycle between centralizing states and centralizing technologies. However, many technologies are relational in their effect; outcomes at the system level depend on where a new technology is inserted into the existing structure. Indeed, policy discussions about the “dual” (military-civilian) potential of particular technologies have long indicated the flexible positional nature of technological-political interactions. In this thesis, I employ a range of computational methods to demonstrate the advantage of a more structuralist approach to this issue by testing its explanatory power against the traditional state-centric approach. The case example used is the expansion of the highway and railroad network in Puerto Rico at the beginning of the 20th century. I show that, contrary to the predictions of state-centric theories, the highway and railroad development actions of the state were focused on funneling legible forms of production to the market and curbing the political power of the local elite, even to the relative detriment of the legibility of the overall population to the state. Technolgical use was thus contextual, and its relationship with legibility was complex.
A 3D dislocation dynamics analysis of the size effect on the strength of [111] LiF micropillars at 300K and 600K
Creators: name: Chang, H. -J.
name: Segurado, J.
name: Molina-Aldareguía, J. M.
name: Soler, R.
name: LLorca, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanical behavior in compression of [111] LiF micropillars with diameters in the range 0.5 $μ$m to 2.0 $μ$m was analyzed by means of discrete dislocation dynamics at ambient and elevated temperature. The dislocation velocity was obtained from the Peach-Koehler force acting on the dislocation segments from a thermally-activated model that accounted for the influence of temperature on the lattice resistance. A size effect of the type "smaller is stronger" was predicted by the simulations, which was in quantitative agreement with previous experimental results by the authors \cite{SWC14}. The contribution of the different physical deformation mechanisms to the size effect (namely, nucleation of dislocations, dislocation exhaustion and forest hardening) could be ascertained from the simulations and the dominant deformation mode could be assessed as a function of the specimen size and temperature. These results shed light into the complex interaction among size, lattice resistance and dislocation mobility in the mechanical behavior of $μ$m-sized single crystals.
Global Instability of Exo-Moon System Triggered by Photo-Evaporation
Creators: name: Yang, Ming
name: Xie, Ji-Wei
name: Zhou, Ji-Lin
name: Liu, Hui-Gen
name: Zhang, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many exoplanets have been found in orbits close to their host stars and thus they are subject to the effects of photo-evaporation. Previous studies have shown that a large portion of exoplanets detected by the Kepler mission have been significantly eroded by photo-evaporation. In this paper, we numerically study the effects of photo-evaporation on the orbital evolution of a hypothesized moon system around a planet. We find that photo-evaporation is crucial to the stability of the moon system. Photo-evaporation can erode the atmosphere of the planet thus leading to significant mass loss. As the planet loses mass, its Hill radius shrinks and its moons increase their orbital semi-major axes and eccentricities. When some moons approach their critical semi-major axes, global instability of the moon system would be triggered, which usually ends up with two, one or even zero surviving moons. Some lost moons could escape from the moon system to become a new planet orbiting the star or run away further to become a free-floating object in the Galaxy. Given the destructive role of photo-evaporation, we speculate that exo-moons are less common for close-in planets ($<0.1$ AU), especially those around M-type stars, because they are more X-ray luminous and thus enhancing photo-evaporation. The lessons we learn in this study may be helpful for the target selection of on-going/future exomoon searching programs.
description: accepted by ApJ , 14 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Precipitation processes in Al-Mg-Ag alloys
Creators: name: Siggins, A. F.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
The Phase-Contrast Imaging Instrument at the Matter in Extreme Conditions Endstation at LCLS
Creators: name: Nagler, Bob
name: Schropp, Andreas
name: Galtier, Eric C.
name: Arnold, Brice
name: Brown, Shaughnessy B.
name: Fry, Alan
name: Gleason, Arianna
name: Granados, Eduardo
name: Hashim, Akel
name: Hastings, Jerome B.
name: Samberg, Dirk
name: Seiboth, Frank
name: Tavella, Franz
name: Xing, Zhou
name: Lee, Hae Ja
name: Schroer, Christian G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the Phase-Contrast Imaging instrument at the Matter in Extreme Conditions (MEC) endstation of the Linac Coherent Light Source. The instrument can image phenomena with a spatial resolution of a few hundreds of nanometers and at the same time reveal the atomic structure through X-ray diffraction, with a temporal resolution better than 100 femtosecond. It was specifically designed for studies relevant to High-Energy-Density Science and can monitor, e.g., shock fronts, phase transitions, or void collapses. This versatile instrument was commissioned last year and is now available to the MEC user community.
Making Attention Mechanisms More Robust and Interpretable with Virtual Adversarial Training
Creators: name: Kitada, Shunsuke
name: Iyatomi, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although attention mechanisms have become fundamental components of deep learning models, they are vulnerable to perturbations, which may degrade the prediction performance and model interpretability. Adversarial training (AT) for attention mechanisms has successfully reduced such drawbacks by considering adversarial perturbations. However, this technique requires label information, and thus, its use is limited to supervised settings. In this study, we explore the concept of incorporating virtual AT (VAT) into the attention mechanisms, by which adversarial perturbations can be computed even from unlabeled data. To realize this approach, we propose two general training techniques, namely VAT for attention mechanisms (Attention VAT) and "interpretable" VAT for attention mechanisms (Attention iVAT), which extend AT for attention mechanisms to a semi-supervised setting. In particular, Attention iVAT focuses on the differences in attention; thus, it can efficiently learn clearer attention and improve model interpretability, even with unlabeled data. Empirical experiments based on six public datasets revealed that our techniques provide better prediction performance than conventional AT-based as well as VAT-based techniques, and stronger agreement with evidence that is provided by humans in detecting important words in sentences. Moreover, our proposal offers these advantages without needing to add the careful selection of unlabeled data. That is, even if the model using our VAT-based technique is trained on unlabeled data from a source other than the target task, both the prediction performance and model interpretability can be improved.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Springer Applied Intelligence (APIN)
Locating Homelessness: Reimagining Space in the Act of Counting
Creators: name: Bloom, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: Each year in January, volunteers in and around Chicago canvass streets and parks to count people experiencing homelessness outside. This event, called the Point-in-Time (PIT) Count, is a biannual requirement for recipients of federal homeless assistance funding. Reporting on PIT Count data communicates the scope and demographics of homelessness in the United States on a given night to politicians and the public. In this paper, drawing from my ethnography of two PIT Counts in Chicago and Suburban Cook County, I contemplate how space is imagined in the PIT Count’s methods in both narrative and on the ground. I begin by arguing that fixing people in space and time during the PIT Count constructs a narrative that makes the state accountable in ending homelessness. I then argue that this rendering of space in narrative produces an impossible task for practitioners who must count homelessness on the ground. Rather than get bogged down in trying to delimit spatial boundaries around homelessness, I argue that PIT Count enumerators adapt by “feeling” out vulnerability in the moment and using their discretion in alignment with political objectives. I conclude by considering what could be gained in reimagining space at the site of contact in terms of continuum rather than a container. In paying ethical attention to spatial relations of contact during the PIT Count, I argue that enumerators understand vulnerability and exposure as interrelational. Reimagining space during contact brings attention to the social bonds that become threatened by insufficient materials for living.
A weak finite element method for elliptic problems in one space dimension
Creators: name: Zhang, Tie
name: Chen, Yanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N15, 65N30

description: We present a weak finite element method for elliptic problems in one space dimension. Our analysis shows that this method has more advantages than the known weak Galerkin method proposed for multi-dimensional problems, for example, it has higher accuracy and the derived discrete equations can be solved locally, element by element. We derive the optimal error estimates in the discrete $H^1$-norm, the $L_2$-norm and $L_\infty$-norm, respectively. Moreover, some superconvergence results are also given. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate our theoretical analysis.
description: 19 pages, Appl Math Comp, 2016
The Impact of Impaired Swallowing Related Quality of Life of Head and Neck Cancer Survivors at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: 2019 G.C (Mixed Method Study)
Creators: name: Asefa, Tseganesh
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: Introduction: Different research and international clinical guidelines deals about the importance of addressing and supporting the Quality of Life needs of individuals with impaired swallowing. However, data support that the presence of swallowing impairment related Quality of Life has not directly addressed in the reviewed studies in Ethiopia. Objective: This study was conducted to assess factors that affect swallowing related quality of life and it is impacts in head and neck cancer survivors. Methods: To achieve the objective of this study 102 patients were enrolled in cross sectional study, of whom 7 were purposively selected for in depth interviews of qualitative study. The study was conducted from March to April 2019 G.C at the oncology center of Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The pre coded data was entered in to EpiData version 4.4.3.1 then exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24 for further cleaning, and analysis. The mean comparison analysis and multiple linear regression were calculated. P ≤ 0.05 took as cut of value to be significant and 95% level of confidence was constructed. For qualitative study purposive sampling technique was used. The data collection process facilitated by using semi structured Amharic interview guide, SONY tape record and filed note. After transcription and translation, data was analyzed manually using Colaizzi's 6 steps of phenomenological analysis. The trustworthiness of a qualitative study ensured by Transferability, credibility, confirmability, and dependability Result: In mean comparisons analysis, factors which showed a mean significant difference in a MDADI subscale were sex, marital status, working condition, medical expenses, tumor site, tumor T stage, and treatment modality. Furthermore, in multiple linear regression analysis tumor site which was oral cavity/ oropharyngeal carcinoma and medical expenses were a predictor of impaired swallowing related quality of life. Moreover, in qualitative study four themes were identified such as Daily activity, Emotional, Functional, and physical impairments. Conclusion and recommendation: In this study finding, swallowing related quality of life in head and neck cancer patients was strictly affected by different factors and it had an impact in their life, so measurement should be taken to improve it.
Energy-efficient pathway for selectively exciting solute molecules to high vibrational states via solvent vibration-polariton pumping
Creators: name: Li, Tao E.
name: Nitzan, Abraham
name: Subotnik, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Selectively exciting target molecules to high vibrational states is inefficient in the liquid phase, which restricts the use of IR pumping to catalyze ground-state chemical reactions. Here, we demonstrate that this inefficiency can sometimes be solved by confining the liquid to an optical cavity under vibrational strong coupling conditions. For a liquid solution of 13CO2 solute in a 12CO2 solvent, cavity molecular dynamics simulations show that exciting a polariton (hybrid light-matter state) of the solvent with an intense laser pulse, under suitable resonant conditions, may lead to a very strong (> 3 quanta) and ultrafast (< 1 ps) excitation of the solute, even though the solvent ends up being barely excited. By contrast, outside a cavity the same input pulse fluence can excite the solute by only half a vibrational quantum and the selectivity of excitation is low. Our finding is robust under different cavity volumes, which may lead to observable cavity enhancement on IR photochemical reactions in Fabry-Pérot cavities.
description: 10 pages of manuscript + 23 pages of SI
‘By God, I Was Made for Glory’: Wallada bint al-Mustakfi and Women’s Agency in Umayyad al-Andalus
Creators: name: Lytle Molly
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: al-Andalus, Umayyads, Wallada Bint al-Mustakfi, Lubna de Cordoba, Subh, Tarub
subject: women's agency

description: Employing examples of multiple women from all levels of Andalusian society, this paper demonstrates the multiple ways that Andalusian women exerted agency through their words and actions. Poets like Wallada Bint al-Mustakfi and Muhya bint al-Tayyani relied on their quick-wittedness to carve out a space in their society, while umm-walads like Subh and Tarub exploited their connections with the ruler to bend circumstances to their will. Others like Lubna de Córdoba and Ana al-Qriqiya were able to use their intellect to put their stamp on history. in spite of all the obstacles they faced, both the contemporary and the issues relating to sources, a wide variety of Andalusian women were clearly able to shape history by exercising their agency.
Effect of bars on the galaxy properties
Creators: name: Vera, Matias
name: Alonso, Sol
name: Coldwell, Georgina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: With the aim of assessing the effects of bars on disc galaxy properties, we present an analysis of different characteristics of spiral galaxies with strong, weak and without bars. Method: We identified barred galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. By visual inspection, we classified the face-on spiral galaxies brighter than g<16.5 mag into strong-bar, weak-bar and unbarred. In order to provide an appropiate quantification of the influence of bars on galaxy properties, we also constructed a suitable control sample of unbarred galaxies with similar redshift, magnitude, morphology, bulge sizes, and local density environment distributions to that of barred galaxies. Results: We found 522 strong-barred and 770 weak-barred galaxies, representing a 25.82% of the full sample of spiral galaxies, in good agreement with previous studies. We also found that strong-barred galaxies show less efficient star formation activity and older stellar populations compared to weak-barred and unbarred spirals from the control sample. In addition, there is a significant excess of strong barred galaxies with red colors. The color-color and color-magnitude diagrams show that unbarred and weak-barred galaxies are more extended towards the blue zone, while strong-barred objects are mostly grouped in the red region. Strong-barred galaxies present an important excess of high metallicity values, compared to the other types, showing similar 12+log(O/H) distributions. Regarding the mass-metallicity relation, we found that weak-barred and unbarred galaxies are fitted by similar curves, while strong-barred ones show a curve which falls abruptly, with more significance in the range of low stellar masses (log[Mstar/Msun] < 10.0). These results would indicate that prominent bars produced an accelerating effect on the gas processing, reflected in the significant changes in the physical properties of their host.
Geometry of Nonrelativistic string
Creators: name: Moinuddin, Sk.
name: Mukherjee, Pradip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonrelativistic bosonic string theory in a curved manifold is formulated here using gauging of symmetry approach ( Galilean Gauge theory ) . The corresponding model in flat space has some global symmetries . By localizing these symmetries as per Galilean Gauge theory , the action for the nonrelativistic string interacting with gravity is obtained. A canonical analysis of the model has been performed which demonstrate that the transformations of the basic field variables under gauge transformations in phase space are equivalent to the diffeomorphism parameters by an exact mapping. Thus complete consistency of our results from both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian procedures are established.
description: 13 pages, Latex
Infinitesimal straight and circular arcs on simple spin-surfaces
Creators: name: Reid, Michael Willard.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Asymmetric Orbital Distribution near Mean Motion Resonance: Application to Planets Observed by Kepler and Radial Velocities
Creators: name: Xie, Ji-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many multiple-planet systems have been found by the Kepler transit survey and various radial velocity (RV) surveys. Kepler planets show an asymmetric feature, namely, there are small but significant deficits/excesses of planet pairs with orbital period spacing slightly narrow/wide of the exact resonance, particularly near the first order mean motion resonance (MMR), such as 2:1 and 3:2 MMR. Similarly, if not exactly the same, an asymmetric feature (pileup wide of 2:1 MMR) is also seen in RV planets, but only for massive ones. We analytically and numerically study planets' orbital evolutions near and in the MMR. We find that their orbital period ratios could be asymmetrically distributed around the MMR center regardless of dissipation. In the case of no dissipation, Kepler planets' asymmetric orbital distribution could be partly reproduced for 3:2 MMR but not for 2:1 MMR, implying that dissipation might be more important to the latter. The pileup of massive RV planets just wide of 2:1 MMR is found to be consistent with the scenario that planets formed separately then migrated toward the MMR. The location of the pileup infers a K value of 1-100 on the order of magnitude for massive planets, where K is the damping rate ratio between orbital eccentricity and semimajor axis during planet migration.
Tight bounds on the maximal perimeter of convex equilateral small polygons
Creators: name: Bingane, Christian
name: Audet, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A40, 52A10, 52B55

description: A small polygon is a polygon that has diameter one. The maximal perimeter of a convex equilateral small polygon with $n=2^s$ sides is not known when $s \ge 4$. In this paper, we construct a family of convex equilateral small $n$-gons, $n=2^s$ and $s \ge 4$, and show that their perimeters are within $O(1/n^4)$ of the maximal perimeter and exceed the previously best known values from the literature. In particular, for the first open case $n=16$, our result proves that Mossinghoff's equilateral hexadecagon is suboptimal.
Incremental Deep Neural Network Learning using Classification Confidence Thresholding
Creators: name: Leo, Justin
name: Kalita, Jugal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most modern neural networks for classification fail to take into account the concept of the unknown. Trained neural networks are usually tested in an unrealistic scenario with only examples from a closed set of known classes. In an attempt to develop a more realistic model, the concept of working in an open set environment has been introduced. This in turn leads to the concept of incremental learning where a model with its own architecture and initial trained set of data can identify unknown classes during the testing phase and autonomously update itself if evidence of a new class is detected. Some problems that arise in incremental learning are inefficient use of resources to retrain the classifier repeatedly and the decrease of classification accuracy as multiple classes are added over time. This process of instantiating new classes is repeated as many times as necessary, accruing errors. To address these problems, this paper proposes the Classification Confidence Threshold approach to prime neural networks for incremental learning to keep accuracies high by limiting forgetting. A lean method is also used to reduce resources used in the retraining of the neural network. The proposed method is based on the idea that a network is able to incrementally learn a new class even when exposed to a limited number samples associated with the new class. This method can be applied to most existing neural networks with minimal changes to network architecture.
description: Accepted to IEEE TNNLS
Soft Material Characterisation
Creators: name: Ambrose, Jonathan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Materials engineering not elsewhere classified

description: A uniaxial tensile test on an Instron Universal Tester 3345 (Instron, MA) was used to investigate the various TPU. material properties and the bonding strength between different TPUs. Following ASTM 412 (Standard Test Methods For Vulcanized Rubber And Thermoplastic Elastomers) guidelines, we prepared dogbone samples following the type C die. Each TPU sample was printed in two infill directions, crosswise and longitudinal, to determine if the properties were isotropic. Five samples from each TPU were stretched till failure at a 500mm/min rate. The files are denoted by the shore hardness, 60A ( x60, Diabase Engineering, USA), 85A (Ninjaflex, NinjaTek, PA), and 75D (Armadillo, NinjaTek, PA). The bi-material samples were printed one material over the other, by printing the second material over the first, connecting both pieces via a 45° scarf joint in the middle. The collected stress-strain data was evaluated using Abaqus to generate the coefficients of various hyperelastic models such as Yeoh, Neo-Hookean and Ogden.
Joint Deep Reversible Regression Model and Physics-Informed Unsupervised Learning for Temperature Field Reconstruction
Creators: name: Gong, Zhiqiang
name: Zhou, Weien
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Peng, Wei
name: Yao, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temperature monitoring during the life time of heat source components in engineering systems becomes essential to guarantee the normal work and the working life of these components. However, prior methods, which mainly use the interpolate estimation to reconstruct the temperature field from limited monitoring points, require large amounts of temperature tensors for an accurate estimation. This may decrease the availability and reliability of the system and sharply increase the monitoring cost. To solve this problem, this work develops a novel physics-informed deep reversible regression models for temperature field reconstruction of heat-source systems (TFR-HSS), which can better reconstruct the temperature field with limited monitoring points unsupervisedly. First, we define the TFR-HSS task mathematically, and numerically model the task, and hence transform the task as an image-to-image regression problem. Then this work develops the deep reversible regression model which can better learn the physical information, especially over the boundary. Finally, considering the physical characteristics of heat conduction as well as the boundary conditions, this work proposes the physics-informed reconstruction loss including four training losses and jointly learns the deep surrogate model with these losses unsupervisedly. Experimental studies have conducted over typical two-dimensional heat-source systems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
description: Accepted by Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Embankments on soft sensitive clay : with particular reference to Launceston clay
Creators: name: Parker, Roger .
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Exogenous Determinants of Commercial Banks Profitability: Empirical Evidence from the Commercial Banks of Ethiopia
Creators: name: Turi, Dereje
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: The main objective of this study is to examine the effect of external determinants on Ethiopian commercial banks from the period 1985 -2013. External determinants were seen by classifying them in to industry-specific and macroeconomic determinants. The study used OLS estimation method to measure the effects of external determinants on profitability. Profitability was measured by three indicators: Average Return on Asset, Average Return on Equity and Net Interest Margin in order to analyze the behavior of each across years. The estimation results show that the external variables in the model altogether explain ROA significantly. However, the explanatory variables fail to explain the rest indicators; ROE and NIM. Being seen independently, the coefficients of all explanatory variables were not significant at 10%. The NBE and commercial banks of Ethiopia policy makers and managers should give due concern by forecasting those explanatory variables in order to maximize the opportunity for better profit and minimize the possible risks. Key words: profitability, commercial banks
Tracing the first stars and galaxies of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Griffen, Brendan F.
name: Dooley, Gregory A.
name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: O'Shea, Brian W.
name: Gómez, Facundo A.
name: Frebel, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 30 high-resolution dark matter halos of the $Caterpillar$ simulation suite to probe the first stars and galaxies of Milky Way-mass systems. We quantify the environment of the high-$z$ progenitors of the Milky Way and connect them to the properties of the host and satellites today. We identify the formation sites of the first generation of Population III (Pop III) stars ($z$ ~ 25) and first galaxies ($z$ ~ 22) with several different models based on a minimum halo mass including a simple model for Lyman-Werner feedback. Through this method we find approximately 23,000 $\pm$ 5,000 Pop III potentially star-forming sites per Milky Way-mass host, though this number is drastically reduced to ~550 star-forming sites when Lyman-Werner feedback is included, as it has critical effects at these length scales. The majority of these halos identified form in isolation (96% at $z$ = 15) and are not subject to external enrichment by neighboring halos (median separation ~1 pkpc at $z$ = 15), though half merge with a system larger than themselves within 1.5 Gyrs. Approximately 55% of the entire population has merged into the host halo by $z$ = 0. Using particle tagging, we additionally trace the Pop III remnant population to $z$ = 0 and find an order of magnitude scatter in their number density at small (i.e. r $$ 50 kpc) galactocentric radii at $z$ = 0. Using our large number of realizations, we provide fitting functions for determining the number of progenitor minihalo and atomic cooling halo systems that present-day dwarf galaxies and the Magellanic cloud system might have accreted since their formation. We demonstrate that observed dwarf galaxies with stellar masses below 10$^{4.6}$ M$_{\odot}$ are unlikely to have merged with any other star-forming systems.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, Submitted to MNRAS, http://www.caterpillarproject.org
Intrinsic Image Transfer for Illumination Manipulation
Creators: name: Huang, Junqing
name: Ruzhansky, Michael
name: Zhang, Qianying
name: Wang, Haihui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel intrinsic image transfer (IIT) algorithm for illumination manipulation, which creates a local image translation between two illumination surfaces. This model is built on an optimization-based framework consisting of three photo-realistic losses defined on the sub-layers factorized by an intrinsic image decomposition. We illustrate that all losses can be reduced without the necessity of taking an intrinsic image decomposition under the well-known spatial-varying illumination illumination-invariant reflectance prior knowledge. Moreover, with a series of relaxations, all of them can be directly defined on images, giving a closed-form solution for image illumination manipulation. This new paradigm differs from the prevailing Retinex-based algorithms, as it provides an implicit way to deal with the per-pixel image illumination. We finally demonstrate its versatility and benefits to the illumination-related tasks such as illumination compensation, image enhancement, and high dynamic range (HDR) image compression, and show the high-quality results on natural image datasets.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (T-PAMI)
Roughening phenomena of free surfaces of sheet metals
Creators: name: Nayak, P. Upendra.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Nonlocal Exciton-Photon Interactions in Hybrid High-Q Beam Nanocavities with Encapsulated MoS$_2$ Monolayers
Creators: name: Qian, Chenjiang
name: Villafañe, Viviana
name: Soubelet, Pedro
name: Hötger, Alexander
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Wilson, Nathan P.
name: Stier, Andreas V.
name: Holleitner, Alexander W.
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically thin semiconductors can be readily integrated into a wide range of nanophotonic architectures for applications in quantum photonics and novel optoelectronic devices. We report the observation of nonlocal interactions of \textit{free} trions in pristine hBN/MoS$_2$/hBN heterostructures coupled to single mode (Q $>10^4$) quasi 0D nanocavities. The high excitonic and photonic quality of the interaction system stems from our integrated nanofabrication approach simultaneously with the hBN encapsulation and the maximized local cavity field amplitude within the MoS$_2$ monolayer. We observe a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the cavity-trion interaction strength, consistent with the nonlocal light-matter interactions in which the extent of the center-of-mass wavefunction is comparable to the cavity mode volume in space. Our approach can be generalized to other optically active 2D materials, opening the way towards harnessing novel light-matter interaction regimes for applications in quantum photonics.
The Impacts of Tax Incentives in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kassahun, Samuel
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2015

description: This study examines the impacts of tax incentives in attracting FDI in Ethiopia from 1992 to 2013. The purpose of this research is to examine the inconsistent empirical evidence on the use of tax incentives in attracting FDI. The study adopts a mixed methods research where primary data is collected using unstructured interview with ERCA and MoFED officials in addition to this secondary data is also collected from various sources such as ERCA, MoFED, EIA, World Bank, Freedom House. Based on the time series analysis, the study found that, corporate tax rate has a negative and significant impacts on FDI (in aggregate) in Ethiopia while from the control variable inflation has a negative and significant impact on FDI (in aggregate) but GDP growth rate, political stability and trade openness found to be insignificant in attracting FDI in Ethiopia. Based on the random effect model, the study found that, tax holiday has positive and significant impacts on FDI (at sector level) but customs duties founds to be insignificant. The control variables, FDI lag and exchange rate have also a significant and positive impact on FDI at sector level but transport service and reserve as a percentage of GDP founds to be insignificant factors in attracting FDI at sector level in Ethiopia. The trends of marginal effective tax rate of Ethiopia also shows that, the country is ranked 90 th from 90 selected countries in the word with METR of -3.5. Hence the study suggests reducing the corporate tax rate and giving tax holiday exemptions with no further incentives on customs duties. Considering non tax factors, the country should improve its macroeconomic stability using inflation rate and exchange rate. The researcher also recommends care should be taken when giving tax incentives since further reduction of tax rates and additional tax exemptions will erode the revenue base of the country. The country should start incorporating tax expenditure report in the budget preparation. Key words: Tax incentives, FDI, METR, Corporate tax rate, Tax holiday, Custom duties, Revenue loss (forgone), Tax Expenditures
RCDNet: An Interpretable Rain Convolutional Dictionary Network for Single Image Deraining
Creators: name: Wang, Hong
name: Xie, Qi
name: Zhao, Qian
name: Li, Yuexiang
name: Liang, Yong
name: Zheng, Yefeng
name: Meng, Deyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As a common weather, rain streaks adversely degrade the image quality. Hence, removing rains from an image has become an important issue in the field. To handle such an ill-posed single image deraining task, in this paper, we specifically build a novel deep architecture, called rain convolutional dictionary network (RCDNet), which embeds the intrinsic priors of rain streaks and has clear interpretability. In specific, we first establish a RCD model for representing rain streaks and utilize the proximal gradient descent technique to design an iterative algorithm only containing simple operators for solving the model. By unfolding it, we then build the RCDNet in which every network module has clear physical meanings and corresponds to each operation involved in the algorithm. This good interpretability greatly facilitates an easy visualization and analysis on what happens inside the network and why it works well in inference process. Moreover, taking into account the domain gap issue in real scenarios, we further design a novel dynamic RCDNet, where the rain kernels can be dynamically inferred corresponding to input rainy images and then help shrink the space for rain layer estimation with few rain maps so as to ensure a fine generalization performance in the inconsistent scenarios of rain types between training and testing data. By end-to-end training such an interpretable network, all involved rain kernels and proximal operators can be automatically extracted, faithfully characterizing the features of both rain and clean background layers, and thus naturally lead to better deraining performance. Comprehensive experiments substantiate the superiority of our method, especially on its well generality to diverse testing scenarios and good interpretability for all its modules. Code is available in \emph{\url{https://github.com/hongwang01/DRCDNet}}.
No free lunch for markets with multiple numéraires
Creators: name: Carassus, Laurence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We consider a global market constituted by several submarkets, each with its own assets and numéraire. We provide theoretical foundations for the existence of equivalent martingale measures and results on superreplication prices which allows to take into account difference of features between submarkets.
Near-infrared-enhanced charge state conversion for low power optical nanoscopy with nitrogen vacancy center in diamond
Creators: name: Chen, Xiang-Dong
name: Li, Shen
name: Shen, Ao
name: Dong, Yang
name: Dong, Chun-Hua
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Sun, Fang-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The near-infrared (NIR) optical pumped photophysics of nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond was experimentally studied by considering both the charge state conversion and stimulated emission. We found that the NIR laser can help to highly enhance the charge state conversion rate, which can be applied to improve the performance of charge state depletion nanoscopy. Using a doughnut-shaped visible laser beam and a Gaussian-shaped NIR laser beam for charge state manipulation, we developed a low power charge state depletion nanoscopy for NV center. A spatial resolution of 14 nm was achieved with the depletion laser intensity approximately three orders lower than that used for the stimulated emission depletion nanoscopy with NV center. With high spatial resolution and low laser power, the nanoscopy can be used for nanoscale quantum sensing with NV center. And our study on the charge state conversion can help to further optimize the NV center spin state initialization and detection.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
9 things to make citizen science data FAIR. A research librarian’s guide.
Creators: name: Hansen, Jitka Stilund
name: Gadegaard, Signe
name: Holmstrand, Katrine Flindt
Publisher: name: Technical University of Denmark
Year: 2021
Subjects: Library and information studies not elsewhere classified
Citizenship
Database systems
Data models, storage and indexing

description: This guide aims to support research librarians serve citizen science projects with the competencies already embedded in many university libraries; they have long been the hub for knowledge of Open Science, they have a multidisciplinary outreach and organise activities connecting students, faculty and the public. Citizen science has a broad scope, and involve voluntary and active public engagement. Embedding citizen science projects in academia may prove useful for many reasons: expanding and improving current research activities and strengthening the interaction of scientists with the public. Citizen Science belongs to the Open Science domain, and is therefore, perceived as a discipline, where research data are shared openly, with open access to publications and full transparency of data availability. However, in some cases, data use have to be limited to comply with ethical and legal conditions, for example due to privacy concerns. For many scientists, major obstacles to share data openly with citizens are the concern of handling personal data, but also the academic reward system weighing publications over data sharing. The FAIR principles are applicable to data regardless of their public availability. The four elements, Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable are designed to help lower barriers to access generated research and to facilitate potential new findings by promoting the availability and reuse of data. With this guide, we aim to show how research data management in citizen science can benefit from the FAIR principles. The 9 things of this guide are based on research data management challenges identified for citizen science projects (Holmstrand et al. 2020). Understanding these challenges is an important foundation for guidance provided by the research librarian to any citizen science project manager. The 9 things are structured with the FAIR elements in focus, highlighting practical aspects and benefits of FAIR data in citizen science projects.
Heat transfer through simple shape single and multiple point contacts
Creators: name: Major, S. J. .
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu Convergence via Triebel-Lizorkin Spaces
Creators: name: Brazke, Denis
name: Schikorra, Armin
name: Yung, Po-Lam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a convergence result of Bourgain--Brezis--Mironescu (BBM) using Triebel-Lizorkin spaces. It is well known that as spaces $W^{s,p} = F^{s}_{p,p}$, and $H^{1,p} = F^{1}_{p,2}$. When $s\to 1$, the $F^{s}_{p,p}$ norm becomes the $F^{1}_{p,p}$ norm but BBM showed that the $W^{s,p}$ norm becomes the $H^{1,p} = F^{1}_{p,2}$ norm. Naively, for $p \neq 2$ this seems like a contradiction, but we resolve this by providing embeddings of $W^{s,p}$ into $F^{s}_{p,q}$ for $q \in \{p,2\}$ with sharp constants with respect to $s \in (0,1)$. As a consequence we obtain an $\mathbb{R}^N$-version of the BBM-result, and obtain several more embedding and convergence theorems of BBM-type that to the best of our knowledge are unknown.
description: changes in presentation, new references
Ultraviolet and X-ray variability of active galactic nuclei with Swift
Creators: name: Buisson, Douglas J. K.
name: Lohfink, Anne M.
name: Alston, William N.
name: Fabian, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse a sample of 21 active galactic nuclei (AGN) using data from the Swift satellite to study the variability properties of the population in the X-ray, UV and optical band. We find that the variable part of the UV-optical emission has a spectrum consistent with a powerlaw, with an average index of $-2.21\pm0.13$, as would be expected from central illumination of a thin disc (index of -7/3). We also calculate the slope of a powerlaw from UV to X-ray variable emission, $α_{\rm OX,Var}$; the average for this sample is $α_{\rm OX,Var} = -1.06 \pm 0.04$. The anticorrelation of $α_{\rm OX}$ with the UV luminosity, $L_{\rm UV}$, previously found in the average emission is also present in the variable part: $α_{\rm OX,Var} = (-0.177 \pm 0.083) {\rm log} (L_{\rm ν,Var} (2500\,Å)) + (3.88 \pm 2.33)$. Correlated variability between the emission in X-rays and UV is detected significantly for 9 of the 21 sources. All these cases are consistent with the UV lagging the X-rays, as would be seen if the correlated UV variations were produced by the reprocessing of X-ray emission. The observed UV lags are tentatively longer than expected for a standard thin disc.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables in main text, plus 15 pages of figures in appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS