cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Untitled ItemAbdominal epilepsy in patient of schizophrenia - a diagnostic dilemma
Creators: name: SIDDIQUI, JAVED ATHER
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Abdominal epilepsy is a rare and uncommon cause of recurrent abdominal pain. It is commonly occurring in children, but rarely in adolescents and elderly. Paroxysmal episodes of abdominal pain with neurological symptoms like dizziness, lethargy, and abnormal electroencephalogram and remarkable response to anticonvulsants confirms the diagnosis. Here we present a case of schizophrenia, who has reported with recurrent abdominal pain for 6 months, and she responded with valproic acid and remained symptoms free.
Presentation of the Finnish National Chapter at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024
Creators: name: Söderman, Mira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slides presented at the CoARA National Chapters Exchange Forum 2024.  A description of the event is available here: https://coara.eu/news/building-a-stronger-network-coara-national-chapters-convene-for-a-first-exchange-forum/.
Weighing Superclusters
Creators: name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: Small, Todd A.
name: Sargent, Wallace L. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a summary report on a detailed study of the mass and dynamical state of the Corona Borealis supercluster using the largest redshift survey of this object to date. Extensive $N$-body experiments are performed on simulated superclusters in both critically-flat and low-density cosmological models to test the robustness and errors of the mass estimators used on the data. From the redshifts and dynamics of 528 galaxies in the supercluster, the mass of Corona Borealis is estimated to be at least $3\times 10^{16} h^{-1} M_\odot$, and the mass-to-light ratio is $560 h (M/L)_\odot$, yielding a matter density parameter of $Ω_m\approx 0.4$. We also discuss the prospects for mapping the mass distribution on supercluster scales with gravitational lensing.
description: 10 pages, 3 postscript figures, LaTex using paspconf.sty. To appear in PASP Conference Series "Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure of the Universe"
Zhang, Frassinelli, Tuomainen, Skipper & Vigliocco_Results_Method_ESM from More than words: word predictability, prosody, gesture and mouth movements in natural language comprehension
Creators: name: Zhang, Ye
name: Frassinelli, Diego
name: Tuomainen, Jyrki
name: Skipper, Jeremy I.
name: Vigliocco, Gabriella
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file contains information about 1) full results; 2) participants and procedures; 3) materials; 4) establishing the effect of surprisal; 5) quantification of multimodal cues; 6) EEG recording and preprocessing; 7) LMER analysis
Super-Earth of 8 Mearth in a 2.2-day orbit around the K5V star K2-216
Creators: name: Persson, C. M.
name: Fridlund, M.
name: Barragán, O.
name: Dai, F.
name: Gandolfi, D.
name: Hatzes, A. P.
name: Hirano, T.
name: Grziwa, S.
name: Korth, J.
name: Prieto-Arranz, J.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Van Eylen, V.
name: Justesen, A. Bo
name: Livingston, J.
name: Kubyshkina, D.
name: Deeg, H. J.
name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Nowak, G.
name: Eigmüller, J. Cabrera Ph.
name: Csizmadia, Sz
name: Smith, A. M. S.
name: Erikson, A.
name: Sobrino, S. Albrecht R. Alonso
name: Cochran, W. D.
name: Endl, M.
name: Esposito, M.
name: Fukui, A.
name: Heeren, P.
name: Hidalgo, D.
name: Hjorth, M.
name: Kuzuhara, M.
name: Narita, N.
name: Nespral, D.
name: Palle, E.
name: Pätzold, M.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Rodler, F.
name: Winn, J. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KESPRINT consortium identified K2-216 as a planetary candidate host star in the K2 space mission Campaign 8 field with a transiting super-Earth. The planet has recently been validated as well. Our aim was to confirm the detection and derive the main physical characteristics of K2-216b, including the mass. We performed a series of follow-up observations: high resolution imaging with the FastCam camera at the TCS, the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph at Subaru, and high resolution spectroscopy with HARPS (ESO, La Silla), HARPS-N (TNG), and FIES (NOT). The stellar spectra were analyzed with the SpecMatch-Emp and SME codes to derive the stellar fundamental properties. We analyzed the K2 light curve with the Pyaneti software. The radial-velocity measurements were modelled with both a Gaussian process (GP) regression and the floating chunk offset (FCO) technique to simultaneously model the planetary signal and correlated noise associated with stellar activity. Imaging confirms that K2-216 is a single star. Our analysis discloses that the star is a moderately active K5V star of mass 0.70+/-0.03 Msun and radius 0.72+/-0.03 Rsun. Planet b is found to have a radius of 1.75+0.17-0.10 Rearth and a 2.17-day orbit in agreement with previous results. We find consistent results for the planet mass from both models: 7.4+/-2.2 Mearth from the GP regression, and 8.0+/-1.6 Mearth from the FCO technique, which implies that this planet is a super-Earth. The planet parameters put planet b in the middle of, or just below, the gap of the radius distribution of small planets. The density is consistent with a rocky composition of primarily iron and magnesium silicate. In agreement with theoretical predictions, we find that the planet is a remnant core, stripped of its atmosphere, and is one of the largest planets found that has lost its atmosphere.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics 28 June 2018
A Radio--Optical Reference Frame VIII. CCD observations from KPNO and CTIO: internal calibration and first results
Creators: name: Zacharias, N.
name: de Vegt, C.
name: Winter, L.
name: Johnston, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this pilot investigation, precise optical positions in the FK5 system are presented for a set of 16 compact extragalactic radio sources, which will be part of the future radio--optical reference frame. The 0.9 m KPNO and CTIO telescopes equipped with 2K CCD's have been used for this project. The astrometric properties of these instruments are investigated in detail. New techniques of using wide field CCD observations for astrometry in general are developed. An internal precision of 5 to 31 mas in position per single exposure is found, depending on the brightness of the object. The tie to the primary optical reference system is established by photographic astrometry using dedicated astrographs on both hemispheres. An accuracy of $\approx 30$ mas per source is estimated for the multi--step reduction procedure when based on the future Hipparcos catalog, while the FK5--based positions suffer from system errors of 100 to 200 mas as compared to the radio positions. This work provides a contribution to the international effort to link the Hipparcos instrumental coordinate system to the quasi--inertial VLBI radio reference frame. Precise radio and optical astrometry of a large sample of compact extragalactic sources will also contribute to the astrophysics of these objects by comparing the respective centers of emission at the optical and radio wavelengths.
description: AAS v.4 LaTeX, 2 parts on 1 file (main text + deluxetable), accepted by AJ, Dec.95, fig. with reprints
Mesoporous TiO2/Fe2O3 bicomposites: synthesis and mechanistic studies of arsenic scavenging
Creators: name: Lapinee, Chaipat
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Many parts of the world have arsenic contamination problems in drinking and ground water. The high toxicity of arsenic threatens people’s health, since exposure to it can cause cancer and other dangerous diseases. Inorganic arsenic in natural water is found in two oxidation states, AsV(arsenate) or AsIII(arsenite). AsIII has the highest toxicity comparing with AsV and difficult to remove due to zero charge species of AsIII at pH below 9. Consequently, photocatalytic oxidation of arsenite is a key challenge to improve removal efficiencies of future sorbents. Recent work has suggested that a TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides could play a key role in the design of future sorbents as it combines photocatalytic oxidation and adsorptive properties alike. The aim of this thesis presented was to characterise the interaction of arsenic with TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides synthesised using different methods and to critically evaluate the potential of these bicomposites for future development work. To this end, three different synthetic methods with respect to cost, time and energy consumption during production were tested. The mechanisms of arsenic interaction were assessed using macroscopic (i.e. adsorption isotherms, adsorption kinetics) and microscopic (i.e. synchrotron techniques) studies and the photocatalytic oxidation was studied using synchrotron and UV irradiation. An electrochemical method for detection of arsenic has been implemented for the accurate analytical determination of AsIII and AsV down to levels of 0.4 ppb using stripping voltammetry. TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides have been prepared using a co-precipitation method, a mesoporous method and sol-gel method. The adsorption capacities of AsIII on mesoporous TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides were found at 29.44±2.99, 22.64±1.74 and 21.60±0.33 mg g-1 at pH 5, 7 and 9, respectively. The adsorption kinetics study found the rate constant (k2) 0.02 g mg-1 min-1. The photocatalytic oxidation rate constant (kox) of AsIII onto the surface of TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides with synchrotron beam irradiation found in between 0.062 to 0.078 min-1. Additionally, the rate constant (kox) of AsIII phototalytic oxidation in bicomposite suspension with UV irradiation found at 4.37x10-3 min-1. The binding mode of AsIII and AsV onto the surface of TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides was to be a bidentate mononuclear edge sharing (2E) complex and a bidentate binuclear corner sharing (2C) complex. Mesoporous TiO2/Fe2O3 binary mixed oxides have been highlighted to be the best bicomposites in this study due to the highest adsorption capacities and ability to photocatalytic oxidation of AsIII to AsV.
Sparse Coding Predicts Optic Flow Specificities of Zebrafish Pretectal Neurons
Creators: name: Ecke, Gerrit A.
name: Mikulasch, Fabian A.
name: Bruijns, Sebastian A.
name: Witschel, Thede
name: Arrenberg, Aristides B.
name: Mallot, Hanspeter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Zebrafish pretectal neurons exhibit specificities for large-field optic flow patterns associated with rotatory or translatory body motion. We investigate the hypothesis that these specificities reflect the input statistics of natural optic flow. Realistic motion sequences were generated using computer graphics simulating self-motion in an underwater scene. Local retinal motion was estimated with a motion detector and encoded in four populations of directionally tuned retinal ganglion cells, represented as two signed input variables. This activity was then used as input into one of two learning networks: a sparse coding network (competitive learning) and backpropagation network (supervised learning). Both simulations develop specificities for optic flow which are comparable to those found in a neurophysiological study (Kubo et al. 2014), and relative frequencies of the various neuronal responses are best modeled by the sparse coding approach. We conclude that the optic flow neurons in the zebrafish pretectum do reflect the optic flow statistics. The predicted vectorial receptive fields show typical optic flow fields but also "Gabor" and dipole-shaped patterns that likely reflect difference fields needed for reconstruction by linear superposition.
description: Published Conference Paper from ICANN 2018, Rhodes
Pushing the limits of optical information storage using deep learning
Creators: name: Wiecha, Peter R.
name: Lecestre, Aurélie
name: Mallet, Nicolas
name: Larrieu, Guilhem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diffraction drastically limits the bit density in optical data storage. To increase the storage density, alternative strategies involving supplementary recording dimensions and robust read-out schemes must be explored. Here, we propose to encode multiple bits of information in the geometry of subwavelength dielectric nanostructures. A crucial problem in high-density information storage concepts is the robustness of the information readout with respect to fabrication errors and experimental noise. Using a machine-learning based approach in which the scattering spectra are analyzed by an artificial neural network, we achieve quasi error free read-out of sequences of up to 9 bit, encoded in top-down fabricated silicon nanostructures. We demonstrate that probing few wavelengths instead of the entire spectrum is sufficient for robust information retrieval and that the readout can be further simplified, exploiting the RGB values from microscopy images. Our work paves the way towards high-density optical information storage using planar silicon nanostructures, compatible with mass-production ready CMOS technology.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures + supporting informations of 25 pages, 37 figures
A Firm Upper Limit to the Radius of the Neutron Star in SAX J1808.4-3658
Creators: name: Burderi, L.
name: King, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that observations of X-ray pulsing from SAX J1808.4-3658 place a firm upper limit of 13.8 m^{1/3} km on the radius of the neutron star, where m is its mass in solar units. The limit is independent of distance or assumptions about the magnetospheric geometry, and could be significantly tightened by observations of the pulsations in the near future. We discuss the implications for the equation of state and the possible neutron star mass.
description: (7 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters)
Real-world clinical evidence on rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban compared with vitamin K antagonists in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Jean-Baptiste Briere
name: Bowrin, Kevin
name: Coleman, Craig
name: Fauchier, Laurent
name: Levy, Pierre
name: Folkerts, Kerstin
name: Mondher Toumi
name: Taieb, Vanessa
name: Millier, Aurélie
name: Wu, Olivia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Introduction: Several comparative real-world effectiveness studies on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been conducted, but an overview of the available evidence remains to be developed, which could provide a better understanding of the value of DOACs relative to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). Areas covered: A systematic literature review was conducted on the available real-world evidence (RWE) of three DOACs (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and apixaban) compared with VKAs (e.g. warfarin), in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).This systematic literature review included RWE published up to December 2016. Studies with > 50 patients reporting on incident and prevalent NVAF cases were included. The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Outcomes of interest included thromboembolic events, all-cause mortality, bleeding events, and non-persistence. Of the 562 RWE DOACs articles retrieved, 49 presented results for rivaroxaban versus VKAs, 79 for dabigatran versus VKAs, and 18 for apixaban versus VKAs. Substantial heterogeneity was found across patient population, outcome definition, and follow-up period. Major bleeding, ischemic stroke, and intracranial hemorrhage were the most frequent outcomes analyzed. Expert commentary: Overall, the RWE studies were aligned with the Phase 3 trials. However, conflicting results were reported for several outcomes of interest.
Foliated fracton order from gauging subsystem symmetries
Creators: name: Shirley, Wilbur
name: Slagle, Kevin
name: Chen, Xie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on several previous examples, we summarize explicitly the general procedure to gauge models with subsystem symmetries, which are symmetries with generators that have support within a sub-manifold of the system. The gauging process can be applied to any local quantum model on a lattice that is invariant under the subsystem symmetry. We focus primarily on simple 3D paramagnetic states with planar symmetries. For these systems, the gauged theory may exhibit foliated fracton order and we find that the species of symmetry charges in the paramagnet directly determine the resulting foliated fracton order. Moreover, we find that gauging linear subsystem symmetries in 2D or 3D models results in a self-duality similar to gauging global symmetries in 1D.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
Model independent constraints on dark energy evolution from low-redshift observations
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Ruchika
name: Sen, Anjan A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowing the late time evolution of the Universe and finding out the causes for this evolution are the important challenges of modern cosmology. In this work, we adopt a model-independent cosmographic approach and approximate the Hubble parameter considering the Pade approximation which works better than the standard Taylor series approximation for $z>1$. With this, we constrain the late time evolution of the Universe considering low-redshift observations coming from SNIa, BAO, $H(z)$, $H_{0}$ , strong-lensing time-delay as well as the Megamaser observations for angular diameter distances. We confirm the tensions with $Λ$CDM model for low-redshifts observations. The present value of the equation of state for the dark energy has to be phantom-like and for other redshifts, it has to be either phantom or should have a phantom crossing. For lower values of $Ω_{m0}$, multiple phantom crossings are expected. This poses serious challenges for single, non-interacting scalar field models for dark energy. We derive constraints on the {\it statefinders} $(r,s)$ and these constraints show that a single dark energy model cannot fit data for the whole redshift range $0\leq z\leq 2$: in other words, we need multiple dark energy behaviors for different redshift ranges. Moreover, the constraint on sound speed for the total fluid of the Universe, and for the dark energy fluid (assuming them being barotropic), rules out the possibility of a barotropic fluid model for unified dark sector and barotropic fluid model for dark energy, as fluctuations in these fluids are unstable as $c_{s}^2 < 0$ due to constraints from low-redshift observations.
description: 14 pages, LateX, MNRAS style, 7 Figures, revised version with added figure and discussions. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Monodon Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Monodontidae
Monodon

description: Monodon [gen. nov.]
Dens in maxilla superiore exsertus, praelongus, rectus.
Fistula in vertice.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 75, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Synthesis and characterisation of non-fullerene electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics
Creators: name: Holliday, Sarah Magaret Geneste
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis focuses on the design, synthesis and characterisation of small molecule, non- fullerene acceptors. Initially, C3-symmetric truxenone derivatives were developed, which demonstrated broad absorption and the ability to carefully tune the frontier energy levels of the molecule. However, it appeared that the poor electron mobility, as well as an unfavourable morphology due to large scale crystallisation of the acceptor, limited device performance. The second part of this thesis explores linear small molecules with rhodanine end groups, which also demonstrated an excellent ability to tune the frontier energy levels through changes to the chemical structure. Compared with the truxenones, these acceptors were relatively amorphous and formed a more favourable, intermixed morphology with the donor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Device efficiencies of 4.1% were achieved with this blend, however performance was again limited by microstructure, which in this case was slightly too intermixed, leading to recombination losses. In addition, the lack of complementary absorption of the donor and acceptor reduced the amount of photocurrent that could be generated. The third section of this thesis describes how the molecular structure of this acceptor was modified to overcome both of these issues, by the replacement of an 9,9’-dioctylfluorene core unit with indacenodithiophene, leading to a more planar molecular structure. The increased crystallinity and red-shifted absorption of this acceptor resulted in an improved efficiency of 6.4%, which at the time of writing is the highest efficiency for non-fullerene devices with P3HT. In addition to high efficiency, these devices also had improved air stability compared to P3HT:fullerene devices as well as devices with high-performance donor polymers, demonstrating the real potential application for these materials in commercialisable OPV technology.
What is the Accretion Rate in NGC 4258?
Creators: name: Gammie, Charles F.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Blandford, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the implications of recent infrared and radio observations of the nucleus of NGC 4258. There is no direct evidence that the nucleus has been steadily accreting on the viscous timescale of the outer masing disk, which is >~ 10^9 \yr. Thus the mass accretion rate in the outer disk need not be the same as in the inner accretion flow where most of the gravitational binding energy is released. We show that an advection-dominated flow model with a transition radius of \sim (10-100) M (where M is the mass of the hole) and \mdot \approx 10^{-2}\msun \yr^{-1} is consistent with the observed spectrum from radio to X-rays. We also show that a thin (flat or warped) disk can fit the observed fluxes outside the X-ray band. The X-rays can be explained by means of a corona in such a model, but the absence of radio emission from the location of the putative central black hole provides a serious constraint on the properties of the corona. A wide range of accretion rates, 10^{-4}
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, latex, emulateapj.sty, submitted to ApJ
Impacts of multiflagellarity on stability and speed of bacterial locomotion
Creators: name: Nguyen, Frank T. M.
name: Graham, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trajectories and conformations of uni- and multiflagellar bacteria are studied with a coarse-grained model of a cell comprised of elastic flagella connected to a cell body. The elasticities of both the hook protein (connecting cell body and flagellum) and flagella are varied. Flexibility plays contrasting roles for uni- and multiflagellar swimmers. For a uniflagellar swimmer, hook and/or flagellar buckling occurs above a critical flexibility relative to the torque exerted by the flagellar motor. Addition of a second flagellum greatly expands the parameter regime of stable locomotion, because flexible hooks that would lead to buckling instability in the uniflagellar case provide the flexibility required for flagellar bundling in the biflagellar case. Similar observations hold for tri- and quadriflagellar swimmers. Indeed the stability regimes for uni- and quadriflagellar swimming are virtually inverted -- to a first approximation what is stable in one case is unstable in the other. Swimming speed is also examined: it increases very weakly with number of flagella and a simple theory is developed that explains this observation.
description: Physical Review E, to appear
Monodon monoceros Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Monodontidae
Monodon
Monodon monoceros

description: Monodon monoceros [spec. nov.]
Monodon. Art. gen. 78. syn. 108. Faun. suec. 263. Syst. nat. 39.
Monoceros piscis. Will. icht. 42. Raj. pisc. 11.
Unicornu marinum. Tulp. obs. 375.
Habitat in Oceano septentrionali Americae, Europae.
Cornu Monocerotis spirale hujus Dens est.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 75, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: Exploring the evolutionary dynamics of myrmecophytism: Perspectives from the Southeast Asian Macaranga ant-plant symbiosis
Creators: name: Dixit, Nadi Manjunath
name: Guicking, Daniela
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Degree of specialisation
subject: Diversification
subject: Domatia
subject: Evolutionary patterns
subject: Macaranga
subject: Myrmecophytism
subject: 580
subject: Evolutionsbiologie
subject: Diversifikation
subject: Symbiose
subject: Pflanzen
subject: Ameisen
subject: Südostasien

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Terahertz spectroscopy for all-optical spintronic characterization of the spin-Hall-effect metals Pt, W and Cu$_{80}$Ir$_{20}$
Creators: name: Seifert, Tom Sebastian
name: Tran, Ngoc Minh
name: Gueckstock, Oliver
name: Rouzegar, Seyed Mohammedreza
name: Nadvornik, Lukas
name: Jaiswal, Samridh
name: Jakob, Gerhard
name: Temnov, Vasily V.
name: Muenzenberg, Markus
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Klaeui, Mathias
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying materials with an efficient spin-to-charge conversion is crucial for future spintronic applications. The spin Hall effect is a central mechanism as it allows for the interconversion of spin and charge currents. Spintronic material research aims at maximizing its efficiency, quantified by the spin Hall angle $Θ_{\textrm{SH}}$ and the spin-current relaxation length $λ_{\textrm{rel}}$. We develop an all-optical method with large sample throughput that allows us to extract $Θ_{\textrm{SH}}$ and $λ_{\textrm{rel}}$. Employing terahertz spectroscopy, we characterize magnetic metallic heterostructures involving Pt, W and Cu$_{80}$Ir$_{20}$ in terms of their optical and spintronic properties. We furthermore find indications that the interface plays a minor role for the spin-current transmission. Our analytical model is validated by the good agreement with literature DC values. These findings establish terahertz emission spectroscopy as a reliable tool complementing the spintronics workbench.
description: Article for Special Issue on Spincaloritronic in the Journal of Physics D
Triboemission mechanisms
Creators: name: Ciniero, Alessandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Reducing mechanical friction by improving lubrication in tribological contacts is still an important goal for researches around the word. The extensive use of lubricants in applications, ranging from heavy industry to micro-biology, makes the understanding of the mechanisms by which these lubricants behave an important challenge. The fact that certain boundary lubricating films form only on contacting surfaces implies that phenomena linked to wear may play a key role in this process. One of these phenomena is known as triboemission which refers to the emission of electrons, photons and other charged particles that occur when surfaces undergo wear. Despite the possibility that triboemission events may lead to the formation of protective boundary films and also may also be responsible for lubricant degradation, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is still not well understood. In this study, spatially resolved triboemission events were analysed in a sliding contact under vacuum condition. This was achieved using an in-house developed tribometer consisting of a system of electron multipliers coupled with a phosphor screen, which allowed the in situ visualization of emission events for the first time. A range of materials were assessed in order to understand the effects of mechanical and electrical properties on the triboemission behaviour. This showed unequivocally that conductive materials show negligible emission, while those with high electrical resistivity not only produce high levels of emission but also sustained after-emission, which has not been seen before. Moreover, following the application of certain image processing techniques, a strong correlation between the spatial distribution of emission events and the topography of surface wear features was revealed. This supports the theory that triboemission is a subset of fractoemission and arises due to the uneven distribution of charge on the opposing faces of wear cracks. It also raises the possibility of using triboemission to monitor wear in real time under high magnification. In addition to this, methods were developed to differentiate between negative, positive and neutral particles, showing that each of these is emitted simultaneously but with a different spatial distribution. Surface charge was also monitored simultaneously to emission detection, showing for the first time the interactions between triboemission and tribocharging – in particular, the generation of fractures causes emission events, which reverse the expected charging trend. This may explain tribocharging mechanisms. Finally, the use of this technique to monitor coating failure was investigated. Specifically, Diamond-Like-Carbon coating specimens were assessed in vacuum and atmosphere condition revealing that coating failure can be detected in real time by observing both emission and surface charge measurements. The results presented here shed light on poorly understood triboemission mechanisms, and helps to understand how the emission interacts with the surrounding environment.
title: Agenda-setting effects during times of social disruption: the influence of mass media and personal experiences on societal concerns
Creators: name: Schaller, Sophia
name: Arlt, Dorothee
name: Wolling, Jens
Publisher: name: TU Ilmenau
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: crisis
subject: societal concerns
subject: agenda setting
subject: mass media experiences
subject: personal experiences
subject: COVID-19 pandemic
subject: 300

description: Using an 8-wave panel survey of German citizens, the present study investigates the media’s agenda-setting power in the context of the disruptive coronavirus pandemic. By examining how societal concerns are influenced by mass media and personal experiences, this study shows differences regarding the health, political, and economic dimensions of the crisis. Only health-related societal concerns were influenced by the perceived issue salience in the media. Societal concerns regarding the economy were shaped by individuals’ evaluation of the adequacy of the perceived issue salience in the media and thus not by the media agenda per se. In contrast, societal concerns regarding restrictions on fundamental rights were strongly influenced by people’s personal experiences. Variations in the role of mass media and personal experiences over the course of the pandemic can be traced back to changes in the severity of the crisis and its different phases.
description: International journal of communication: IJoC, vol. 18, 2024, p. 1537
title: Fake or fact?: factors predicting the capability of recipients to assess the truthfulness of impactful news
Creators: name: Radechovsky, Johanna
Publisher: name: TU Ilmenau
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: misperception
subject: misinformation
subject: attitudes
subject: news
subject: Social Media
subject: 300

description: Susceptibility to mis- and disinformation constitutes a risk for democracy. Research is needed on how well recipients assess the veracity of news and how their assessments are affected. Using quantitative data from a representative survey for Germany, I determined which features predict susceptibility to misinformation. Regression models show which aspects facilitate misperception and which competencies should be promoted to enhance resilience. The respondents tended to be biased and prone to misperceptions about the topics integrated into the study that surrounded the environment, sustainability, and international affairs. The article recommends media literacy programs to address the challenges of misperception.
description: International journal of communication: IJoC, vol. 17, 2023, p. 6633
Balaena Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Balaenidae
Balaena

description: Balaena [gen. nov.]
Dentium loco in maxilla superiore laminae corneae.
Fistula duplex.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 75, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
title: Hierarchical Tactile-Based Control Decomposition of Dexterous In-Hand Manipulation Tasks
Creators: name: Veiga, Filipe
name: Akrour, Riad
name: Peters, Jan
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2024

description: In-hand manipulation and grasp adjustment with dexterous robotic hands is a complex problem that not only requires highly coordinated finger movements but also deals with interaction variability. The control problem becomes even more complex when introducing tactile information into the feedback loop. Traditional approaches do not consider tactile feedback and attempt to solve the problem either by relying on complex models that are not always readily available or by constraining the problem in order to make it more tractable. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical control approach where a higher level policy is learned through reinforcement learning, while low level controllers ensure grip stability throughout the manipulation action. The low level controllers are independent grip stabilization controllers based on tactile feedback. The independent controllers allow reinforcement learning approaches to explore the manipulation tasks state-action space in a more structured manner. We show that this structure allows learning the unconstrained task with RL methods that cannot learn it in a non-hierarchical setting. The low level controllers also provide an abstraction to the tactile sensors input, allowing transfer to real robot platforms. We show preliminary results of the transfer of policies trained in simulation to the real robot hand.
Nonparametric Estimation in Fractional SDE
Creators: name: Comte, Fabienne
name: Marie, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with the consistency and a rate of convergence for a Nadaraya-Watson estimator of the drift function of a stochastic differential equation driven by an additive fractional noise. The results of this paper are obtained via both some long-time behavior properties of Hairer and some properties of the Skorokhod integral with respect to the fractional Brownian motion. These results are illustrated on the fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
description: 21 pages
Ultrasoft Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies: What physical parameter ultimately drives the structure and kinematics of their Broad Line Regions?
Creators: name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Boller, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray observations have advanced the study of ultrasoft Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies and have revealed strikingly clear correlations between optical emission line properties and the shape of the X-ray continuum. In particular, the strength of the soft X-ray excess relative to the hard X-ray power law appears to be directly related to the `primary eigenvector' of Boroson & Green. Ultrasoft Narrow-Line Seyfert 1s lie toward one extreme of the primary eigenvector, and their extreme X-ray spectral, X-ray variability and optical emission line properties suggest that they have extremal values of a primary physical parameter. We discuss efforts to identify this parameter and the observational evidence that it is the fraction of the Eddington rate at which the supermassive black hole is accreting.
description: 12 pg, 4 figs, needs paspconf.sty, to be published in the proc. of the `Structure and Kinematics of Quasar Broad Line Regions' conference (eds. C.M. Gaskell et al.), 23-26 March 1998, Lincoln, Nebraska, also available from http://www.astro.psu.edu/users/niel/papers/papers.html
Investigation of material and device properties of GaAsSbN for multi-junction solar cell applications
Creators: name: Thomas, Tomos Daniel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Multi-junction solar cells (MJSCs) have achieved the highest solar power conversion efficiency to date of any type of solar cell and still have considerable potential for improvement compared to their theoretical efficiency. The bandgap combination of sub-cells is an extremely important factor in cell efficiency, with new materials with particular bandgaps necessary to increase efficiency further. Possible improved multi-junction solar cell designs require sub-cells with bandgaps between 1.2 and 0.8 eV. The dilute nitride alloy GaAsSbN can provide adjustable bandgaps in this region while remaining lattice-matched to common Ge and GaAs substrates. This thesis presents measurements and analysis of GaAsSbN 1 eV material and devices. Firstly, simulations of overall MJSC designs for concentrator photovoltaic applications are presented, including the importance of bandgap tunability in the 1 eV region. The material and device properties of 1 eV GaAsSbN subcells are studied experimentally and their performance compared to that necessary for inclusion in MJSCs. Electroreflectance spectroscopy and a model dielectric function are used to examine the absorption properties of GaAsSbN. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy is used to examine carrier recombination times and mechanisms, finding a typical recombination lifetime of 400 ps. Solar cell devices are electrically and optically characterised using current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and quantum efficiency measurements. The devices are modeled in order to investigate transport, finding a 30 nm hole diffusion length and 500 nm electron diffusion length. Improved sub-cell designs are proposed. Practical limits to the performance of GaAsSbN sub-cells are discussed.
Curvature of the Normalized Totient Function and Prime Gap Structures
Creators: name: Fernandes, Ricardo Miguel Machado
Publisher: name: Ricardo Miguel Machado Fernandes
Year: 2025
Subjects: Prime Gaps
Totient Function
Curvature Analysis
Prime Distribution
Number Theory
Stability in Primes

description: This work analyzes the normalized Euler totient function I(n)=φ(n)/log⁡nI(n) = \varphi(n)/\log nI(n)=φ(n)/logn and its second discrete differences to study prime gap structures. Computational results show that primes tend to correspond to local minima of curvature, suggesting new heuristic models of prime distribution stability. This curvature method complements probabilistic prime gap theories and provides a testable classical framework for prime regularity analysis.
A realist evaluation of the role of external peer review programmes in improving the quality of mental health services
Creators: name: Jasim, Sarah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Background: Available evidence suggests that membership of external peer review programmes can help improve the quality of health care services. However, little is known about how this is achieved and what key mechanisms and contexts are essential for quality improvement. Methods: I undertook a mixed methods realist evaluation of peer review networks and accreditation schemes in inpatient and community-based mental health services provided by the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Centre for Quality Improvement (CCQI). Informed by a systematic literature review, I collected qualitative data from coordinators (four focus groups) and participants (122 interviews) of external peer review programmes. I also collected quantitative data from 178 community-based memory clinics and 33 inpatient mental health services to examine whether organisational readiness for change influenced service quality. Results: Causal mechanisms including sharing and learning, consultation, and engagement of senior management and junior staff were essential for sustained quality improvement. The most salient contexts were type of external peer review and length of membership In accreditation schemes, most changes occurred before or during self-review, and following written feedback for peer review networks. A two-level linear model signalled services with higher baseline readiness for change achieved greater quality improvement through membership of a peer review network, however findings were not statistically significant. Qualitative findings echoed the importance of readiness for change constructs. Conclusions: Differences in when change occurs between peer review networks and accreditation schemes should be considered by organisations that provide external peer review programmes. Sharing and learning was the main essential causal mechanism of external peer review programmes. To maximise the benefit of participation, this mechanism should be further supported and enhanced. A future of increased competition in healthcare could reduce sharing and learning opportunities; indicating a need to further develop the evidence base for external peer review.
The role of stromal cells in the mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus infection
Creators: name: Kausar, Fahima
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is the single most important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Most children are infected with RSV by the age of two, and the majority of them suffer only a simple cold. However, 1- 3% develop severe bronchiolitis that requires hospitalisation and these children have a greater risk of developing recurrent wheeze and asthma-like symptoms in later childhood. There is currently no treatment or vaccine against RSV. Despite its prevalence, the characteristics of RSV infection and spread in the host lung are not well characterised. Stromal cells are the functionally connective tissue of the lung and include alveolar type I and II (ATI/ATII) epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. These cells are slowly being recognised as important players in the response to respiratory infections through their expression of proinflammatory mediators and tissue repair proteins. However, the role of stromal cells in RSV infection in vivo has not been elucidated. We have been able to identify several important chemokines, cytokines and growth factors that are expressed by stromal cells in response to RSV in vivo using fluorescent activated cell sorting and gene expression analysis. Interestingly, our data show that ATII epithelial cells are a major source of growth factors while the non-epithelial, non-endothelial stromal cells are a major source of chemokines. In addition, when infecting lung fibroblasts ex vivo with RSV, many chemokines known to be important during RSV infection are produced. We further demonstrate that expression of several of these mediators in vivo is dependent on IFNAR signalling, illustrating the cellular crosstalk between stromal cells and alveolar macrophages in the lung during RSV infection, which is needed for effective viral clearance. Finally, we highlight the potential protective role of ATII epithelial cell-derived GM-CSF expression in the lung during RSV infection in vivo. Data from these experiments reveal novel and previously unknown roles of stromal cells in the response to RSV infection in vivo and highlight new targets, which could be modulated for potential therapeutic benefits.
Balaena mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Balaenidae
Balaena
Balaena mysticetus

description: Balaena mysticetus [spec. nov.]
B. naribus flexuosis in medio capite, dorso impenni. Art. gen. 76. syn. 106. Faun. suec. 264. Syst. nat. 39. n. 1.
Balaena Will. icht. 35.
Balaena vulgo s. Musculus. Rond. pisc. 475.
Balaena vulgo s. Mysticetus aristotelis. Gesn. pisc. 114.
Balaena vulgaris edentula, dorso non pinnato. Raj. pisc. 6.
Balaena spitsbergensis. Mar. spitsb. 98. t. Q. f. A. B. C.
Habitat in Oceano Groenlandico.
Maximus omnium animalium; saepe 100 pedum, victitat medusis. Caput grande; Dorsum impenne.
Fistula nulla, sed 2 foramina flexuosa.
Mammae abdominales ante vulvam; Maxillosi Dentes flexiles fissilesque usuales. Pinguedo copiosissima, ut ex unico saepe oneretur navis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 75, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206