Gomphostemma opatum Wall. ex 3 enth.
Creators: name: Bongcheewin, Bhanubong
name: Ingrouille, Martin J.
name: Paton, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Gomphostemma
Gomphostemma opatum

description: <b> 20. Gomphostemma opatum <i>Wall. ex 3enth.</i></b> (Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12); Hooker (1883: 699); Prain (1891: 269); Mukercee (1920: 213). Type: Nepal, Chandaghery [Chandagiry], Aug. 1821, <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2133 (K [Herb. Benthamianum, K000928153], lectotype selected here; isolectotypes E [E00301953], G [G00189096], K [Herb. Hookerianum, K000928156], K-W [K001113338], NY [00000329], OXF). <i>Gomphostemma ooatum</i> Wall. ex Benth. var. <i>flaccidum</i> Prain (1891: 250). Type: India, Sikkim, Rangiet, 2300 m, May 1862, <i>Anderson</i> 1093 (CAL [CAL0000023030], lectotype selected here). Perennial herb up to 0.3 m tall, with tuber-like roots. Stems upright, sometimes flaccid, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, with dense sessile stellate hairs. <i>Leaoes</i> petiolate, chartaceous; blades ovate, lanceolate-ovate or elliptic, 3 – 20 × 2 – 10 cm, apex acute or broadly acute, margin shallowly serrate or serrate, base cuneate, attenuate or obtuse, upper side with 2 – 2-celled simple hairs, sometimes sparse stellate hairs confined only on lower part of midrib, lower side pale green tomentose with sparse sessile stellate hairs confined on leaf edge, midrib and veins; petioles 13 – 80 mm long, strong or flaccid. <i>Inflorescence</i> axillary with opposite cymes sessile, unbranched then congested with axis not visible between flowers, inserted at the upper nodes at which leaves are usually present; verticils few-flowered, subtended by the upper leaves and cluster of small leaf-like bracts; bracts persistent, ovate, elliptic-ovate, spathulate or oblanceolate, 10 – 23 × 3 – 10 mm, apex acute, margin shallowly serrate, base cuneate; bracteoles linear, falcate or narrowly lanceolate-oblong, 6 – 10 × 1 – 2 mm. <i>Flowering calyx</i> infundibular, 8 – 12 mm long, 10-ridged, outside with dense sessile stellate hairs and shortly simple hairs, inside with densely adpressed simple hairs; tube slender, 2 – 6 mm long; lobes lanceolate-triangular, 2 – 6 mm long, apex acute. <i>Fruiting calyx</i> not seen. <i>Corolla</i> yellow, 23 – 20 mm long, throat inflated, abruptly dilated near the throat, outside with glandular-like simple hairs, inside glabrous; tube incurved, 30 – 20 mm long; posterior lip broadly ovate, 3 – 5 × 3 – 8 mm, apex and margin undulate; anterior lip 3- lobed, longer than posterior lip; median lobe tongue-like, apex and margin slightly undulate; lateral lobes ovate, apex and margin entire or undulate. <i>Staminal filaments</i> fleshy. <i>Style</i> slender, glabrous with apex subequally lobed. <i>Nutlets</i> not seen. <b>DISTRIBUTION.</b> India (West Bengal, Sikkim, Meghalaya), Nepal. Map 3. <b>SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDIA.</b> West Bengal.?arceeling?istr. [25.0333°, 88.1665°], 600 m [2000 ft], 26 Aug. 1850, <i>Clarke</i> 12298A (K); Jalpaiguri?istr. [26.3165°, 88.5333°], Banya-6, 5?ec. 1993, <i>Chandra &amp; Mandal</i> 1066 (CAL); Sikkim. 900 – 1200 m [3000 – 2000 ft], July, <i>Hooker</i> s.n. (K [Herb. Hookerianum]); Rangiet, 2300 m, May 1862, <i>Anderson</i> 1093 (lectotype of <i>G. ooatum</i> var. <i>flaccidum</i>, CAL photo); Terai, 900 m [3000 ft], Aug. 1825, <i>Hooker</i> 51 (K [Herb. Hookerianum]); Meghalaya. Jaintea, Sept. 1832, <i>Simons</i> s. n. (lectoparatype of <i>G. ooatum</i> var. <i>flaccidum</i>, CAL photo); ibid., June 1830, <i>Simons</i> s.n. (lectoparatype of <i>G. ooatum</i> var. <i>flaccidum</i>, CAL photo); Cherapuncee, Khasia Hills, 1200 m [2000 ft], 3 July 1932, <i>Chand</i> 3982 (E); Khasia, 2000 m, <i>Mann</i> s.n. (lectoparatype of <i>G. ooatum</i> var. <i>flaccidum</i>, CAL photo); Laitlynkot [23.23°, 91.8333°], Khasi Hills, 1800 m [6000 ft], 13 July 1929, <i>Koelz</i> 23191 (E); <b>UNLOCALISED</b>. 530 m [2300 ft], 28 June 1903, <i>Younghusband</i> s.n. (K); Sittong, 3000 m, 30 July 1856, <i>King</i> s.n. (lectoparatype of <i>G. ooatum</i> var. <i>flaccidum</i>, CAL photo). <b>NEPAL</b>. Chandaghery [Chandagiry, 25.5165°, 82.5833°], Aug. 1821, <i>Wall. Cat.</i> 2133 (lectotype K [Herb. Benthamianum]; isolectotypes E, G, K [Herb. Hookerianum], K-W, NY photo, OXF). <b>HABITAT.</b> In hill evergreen forest, 600 – 1200 m. <b>CONSERVATION STATUS.</b> <i>Gomphostemma ooatum</i> is known from eight localities (eight collections) with AOO of 22 km 2 and EOO of 33,232.56 km 2. The habitat, hill evergreen forests, is in decline due to tourism activity and urbanisation. Hence, the Vulnerable (VU) category is applied. <b>PHENOLOGY</b>. Flowering and fruiting June –?ecember. <b>NOTES.</b> There are two species of <i>Gomphostemma</i> which have tuber-like roots: <i>G. ooatum</i> and <i>G. mastersii.</i> Floral parts of both are similar to some extent. Moreover, these species occur in similar areas in the Bengal Province. Hooker (1883) and Prain (1891) suggested reducing <i>G. mastersii</i> to a synonym of <i>G. ooatum.</i> However, the leaf indumentum on the upper side of both taxa is different from <i>G. ooatum</i> by having stellate hairs on the lower part of the midrib and 2 – 2-celled simple hairs on the upper side but <i>G. mastersii</i> having stellate hairs on both sides.
description: Published as part of <i>Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. &amp; Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), pp. 27-92 in Kew Bulletin 77 (1)</i> on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.1007/s12225-021-09991-y, http://zenodo.org/record/7615581
description: {"references": ["Hooker, J.?. (1883). Labiatae, Flora of 3 ritish India 2: 602 - 503. Reeve &amp; Co., London.", "____ (1891). An account of the genus Gomphostemma Wall. Ann. Roy. 3 ot. Gard., Calcutta 3: 225 - 251.", "____ (1920). A revision of the Labiatae of the Indian Empire. Rec. 3 ot. Suro. India 12: 1 - 228."]}