cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Military Spending and Economic Output: A Decomposition Analysis of the US Military Budget
Creators: name: Emmanouilidis, Kyriakos
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Although the economic effects of defense expenditures have become an issue of intense interest over the recent decades, little is known about how the individual components of military spending affect the economy. Nevertheless, military spending is highly heterogeneous in its nature consisting of assorted categories that broadly encompass salaries’ payment, operations, training, research and development, and maintenance of equipment, arms and facilities. Naturally, this implies that military spending can affect the economy in various and probably contradictory ways. Hence, by considering this distinctive element of military spending, the present paper aims to uncover the economic effects of the most important components of the US defense budget focusing on a period from 1949 to 2021. Applying linear and non–linear methods on a Barro–style regression, the statistical evidence reported herein suggests that heavy reliance on the military sector entails potentially high opportunity costs.
CAPACITY ANALYSIS OF SELECTED MAJOR INTERSECTIONS ON THE ROUTE AUTOBUS TERA-KALITY BUS STATIONS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Creators: name: Kebede, Abel
name: Tilahun, Tamru
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: Engineering mitigation measures were proposed in order to improve the existing levels of service for major intersections. The adjustment to the existing cycle time, delineation of movements on existing lane configuration and geometric modifications to observe the improvements on the respective levels of service were among the proposed mitigation measures. It was hypothetically believed that there exist short comings on the route Autobus Tera - Kality bus stations from congestion and level of service points of view. Subsequently, four signalized intersections were selected based on statistical outputs of mixed type of questionnaire. They were then analyzed by using software tool (SIDRA) so that the outcome could be used as a source of information and data for transport sector organizations and academic reference. Accordingly, the level of service of Eliana hotel site improved from level F to D & the average delay from 167.3 seconds to 54.7 seconds and level of service of Immigration site improved from level F to E & the average delay from 435.5 seconds to 68.7 seconds. Moreover, level of service for both Harambae and Saris Adey Ababa sites improved from F to D & the average delay from 642.6 seconds to 54.2 seconds and from 865.1 seconds and 49.13 seconds, respectively. Key words: level of service, delay, major intersections, SIDRA
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 41 (2023): Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Apparent Kondo effect in Moiré TMD bilayers: Heavy fermions or disorder?
Creators: name: Poduval, Prathyush P.
name: Laubscher, Katharina
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent work by Zhao et al. [1] reports the realization of a synthetic Kondo lattice in a gate-tunable Moiré TMD bilayer system. The observation of a Kondo lattice is supported by a plateau (or dip, depending on filling) in the temperature dependence of the resistivity $ρ(T)$ around $T^*\sim 40~$K, which is interpreted as the Kondo temperature scale, and an apparent enhancement of carrier mass extracted from the low-temperature resistivity data, indicating the emergence of `heavy fermions'. The latter observation is crucially based on the assumption that the primary resistive scattering mechanism is Umklapp electron-electron scattering in the underlying Fermi liquid. In this work, we analyze the experimental data under the assumption that the primary resistive scattering mechanism is not electron-electron scattering, but Coulomb scattering by random quenched charged impurities and phonon scattering. We show that a combination of impurity and phonon scattering is a plausible alternative explanation for the observed resistivity that can describe the key features of the experimental data, even if no Kondo lattice has formed, indicating that further theoretical and experimental work is needed to conclusively verify the formation of a Kondo lattice in Ref. [1]. [1] W. Zhao, B. Shen, Z. Tao, Z. Han, K. Kang, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, K. F. Mak, and J. Shan, arXiv:2211.00263 (2022).
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Crashworthiness of a Tiltrotor Fuel tank bay
Creators: name: Paciello, Carmen Simona
name: Pezzella, Claudio
name: Magistro, Simone
name: Lamanna, Giuseppe
name: Di Caprio, Francesco
name: Belardo, Marika
name: Di Palma, Luigi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Defender, Fuel Tanks, NextGen Civil Tiltrotor technology demonstrator NGCTR-TD, Clean Sky

description: This work aims at the modelling and analysis of the drop event on the most critical wing section of the NextGen Civil Tiltrotor technology demonstrator NGCTR-TD (www.cleansky.eu/fast-rotorcraft-iadp), developed in the framework of Horizon 2020 Clean Sky 2 DEFENDER project. In particular, it is focused on the crashworthiness of the fuel storage system.
Improving Statistical Fidelity for Neural Image Compression with Implicit Local Likelihood Models
Creators: name: Muckley, Matthew J.
name: El-Nouby, Alaaeldin
name: Ullrich, Karen
name: Jégou, Hervé
name: Verbeek, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lossy image compression aims to represent images in as few bits as possible while maintaining fidelity to the original. Theoretical results indicate that optimizing distortion metrics such as PSNR or MS-SSIM necessarily leads to a discrepancy in the statistics of original images from those of reconstructions, in particular at low bitrates, often manifested by the blurring of the compressed images. Previous work has leveraged adversarial discriminators to improve statistical fidelity. Yet these binary discriminators adopted from generative modeling tasks may not be ideal for image compression. In this paper, we introduce a non-binary discriminator that is conditioned on quantized local image representations obtained via VQ-VAE autoencoders. Our evaluations on the CLIC2020, DIV2K and Kodak datasets show that our discriminator is more effective for jointly optimizing distortion (e.g., PSNR) and statistical fidelity (e.g., FID) than the PatchGAN of the state-of-the-art HiFiC model. On CLIC2020, we obtain the same FID as HiFiC with 30-40\% fewer bits.
description: Upload camera-ready to arXiv. Official version available at https://proceedings.mlr.press/v202/muckley23a.html
Generalized Exponential smoothing in prediction of hierarchical time series
Creators: name: Kosiorowski, Daniel
name: Mielczarek, Dominik
name: Rydlewski, Jerzy P.
name: Snarska, Małgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Shang and Hyndman (2017) proposed a grouped functional time series forecasting approach as a combination of individual forecasts obtained using generalized least squares method. We modify their methodology using generalized exponential smoothing technique for the most disaggregated functional time series in order to obtain more robust predictor. We discuss some properties of our proposals basing on results obtained via simulation studies and analysis of real data related to a prediction of a demand for electricity in Australia in 2016.
ASSESSMENT OF CONTROLLED BLASTING TECHNOLOGY EMPLOYED AT ADDIS ABABA RIVERSIDE GREEN PROJECT - FRIENDSHIP SQUARE
Creators: name: Yang, Wang
name: Gemechu, Tewodros
name: Wu, Su
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: This research paper presents an overall assessment of the planning and execution of controlled blasting operations that took place as part of the Addis Ababa Riverside Green Development Project. The objective of the paper is to highlight the process of a successfully completed one-of-a-kind operation in Ethiopia. The application of liquid CO2 fracturing blasting technology in the prevention and control of rock burst in the project shows that CO2 fracturing blasting reduces the stress concentration of rock burst system and transfers energy to the deeper part, and there is no open fire in blasting. It is a new, safe, and efficient technology to prevent rock burst, which can be applied widely. Overall, the results of the assessment show that the controlled blasting operation is executed in an efficient manner. It has been discovered that there were only minimal to negligible vibrations recorded on the day of the blasting. Photo analysis techniques also reveal that the rock fragmentation output is of acceptable quality. There was no interference with other operations, gave reproducible results, and minimized entry into sensitive locations. Productivity performance assessment also indicate that 200,000 m3 of hard rock material has been excavated and hauled away in just 21 days which can be labeled as a very efficient performance. Key words: controlled blasting, presplitting method, continuum rock masses, performance assessment
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 41 (2023): Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Multipartite quantum correlations: symplectic and algebraic geometry approach
Creators: name: Sawicki, A.
name: Maciążek, T.
name: Oszmaniec, M.
name: Karnas, K.
name: Kowalczyk-Murynka, K.
name: Kuś, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a geometric approach to classification and examination of quantum correlations in composite systems. Since quantum information tasks are usually achieved by manipulating spin and alike systems or, in general, systems with a finite number of energy levels, classification problems are usually treated in frames of linear algebra. We proposed to shift the attention to a geometric description. Treating consistently quantum states as points of a projective space rather than as vectors in a Hilbert space we were able to apply powerful methods of differential, symplectic and algebraic geometry to attack the problem of equivalence of states with respect to the strength of correlations, or, in other words, to classify them from this point of view. Such classifications are interpreted as identification of states with `the same correlations properties' i.e. ones that can be used for the same information purposes, or, from yet another point of view, states that can be mutually transformed one to another by specific, experimentally accessible operations. It is clear that the latter characterization answers the fundamental question `what can be transformed into what \textit{via} available means?'. Exactly such an interpretations, i.e, in terms of mutual transformability can be clearly formulated in terms of actions of specific groups on the space of states and is the starting point for the proposed methods.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, final form submitted to the journal
Learning-based Quantum Robust Control: Algorithm, Applications and Experiments
Creators: name: Dong, Daoyi
name: Xing, Xi
name: Ma, Hailan
name: Chen, Chunlin
name: Liu, Zhixin
name: Rabitz, Herschel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Robust control design for quantum systems has been recognized as a key task in quantum information technology, molecular chemistry and atomic physics. In this paper, an improved differential evolution algorithm, referred to as \emph{msMS}\_DE, is proposed to search robust fields for various quantum control problems. In \emph{msMS}\_DE, multiple samples are used for fitness evaluation and a mixed strategy is employed for the mutation operation. In particular, the \emph{msMS}\_DE algorithm is applied to the control problems of (i) open inhomogeneous quantum ensembles and (ii) the consensus goal of a quantum network with uncertainties. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the excellent performance of the improved machine learning algorithm for these two classes of quantum robust control problems. Furthermore, \emph{msMS}\_DE is experimentally implemented on femtosecond laser control applications to optimize two-photon absorption and control fragmentation of the molecule $\text{CH}_2\text{BrI}$. Experimental results demonstrate excellent performance of \emph{msMS}\_DE in searching for effective femtosecond laser pulses for various tasks.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures and 1 table
EFFECT OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS AT DOWNSTREAM IRRIGATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Creators: name: Girma, Johnny
name: Kemal, Asie
name: Nigussie, Agizew
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: For several years, domestic wastewater from Addis Ababa's seven sub-cities has been treated at Kality domestic wastewater treatment plant. Despite being designed to treat domestic waste, certain industrial wastes were discharged into the treatment plant system via point and non-point sources, causing a number of problems. The effluent from the treatment plant was primarily used for irrigation by local farmers in the Akaki-Kality sub-city. To identify and quantify heavy and toxic heavy metals in treatment plant effluent, irrigated soil, and vegetable plants, as well as to determine how they affect human health downstream, a cross-sectional study design was used. Liquid samples were collected at the Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor (UASB) inlet and outlet, trickling filter and secondary clarifier outlets, a soil sample from a cultivated field, and plant samples such as habesha gommen and kosta grown using the effluent. The presence and concentration of heavy and toxic heavy metals were determined in the samples, and the ability of unit processes such as the UASB, trickling filter, and secondary clarifier to remove toxic heavy metals was assessed. The laboratory tests revealed that majority of the toxic heavy metals were present in the samples analyzed (chromium, cadmium, arsenic, copper, lead, and manganese) and the unit processes were inefficient to remove these metals. Key words: Concentration, EPA, Toxic Heavy Metal, Trickling Filter, UASB
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 41 (2023): Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Two-dimensional grating magneto-optical trap
Creators: name: Imhof, Eric
name: Stuhl, Benjamin
name: Kasch, Brian
name: Kroese, Bethany
name: Olson, Spencer
name: Squires, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a two-dimensional grating magneto-optical trap (2D GMOT) with a single input cooling laser beam and a planar diffraction grating using $^{87}$Rb. This configuration increases experimental access when compared with a traditional 2D MOT. As described in the paper, the output flux is several hundred million rubidium atoms/s at a mean velocity of $16.5(9)$ m/s and a velocity distribution of $4(3)$ m/s standard deviation. We use the atomic beam from the 2D GMOT to demonstrate loading of a three dimensional grating MOT (3D GMOT) with $2.46(7)\times 10^8$ atoms. Methods to improve output flux are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Planning as Bargaining
Creators: name: Millard-Ball, Adam
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Why would plans have an impact on the built environment when their provisions can be revisited in the context of individual development decisions? I examined the causal impacts of transit-oriented development (TOD) plans in San Francisco (CA) and Seattle (WA) using a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and a quantitative regression discontinuity design. I found that the Market and Octavia Plan in San Francisco had a substantial impact on development outcomes, increasing densities and reducing parking ratios not just within the plan boundaries but also in adjacent neighborhoods. In Seattle, although parking ratios declined and densities rose over time, it is harder to attribute these trends to the TOD plans studied here, which constituted a small part of the city’s overall planning program. Beyond zoning changes, I identified two mechanisms through which plans exert an impact. First, in a city where development approvals are not by-right, plans can act as an anchor point for bargaining among developers, city staff, and community members. Second, plans can serve as laboratories of innovation, enabling experimentation with new policies that can later be extended to adjacent communities. These findings, however, may not extend to places where zoning provides by-right development permission or where community members are implacably opposed to new development. Planners should consider the mechanisms through which plans exert causal impacts. In particular, they should strive for plans that provide a lasting compromise and leave limited incentives for stakeholders to reopen controversial debates in the context of individual project approvals. Planners can also use TOD and similar plans as sites of experimentation and innovation.
ASSESSMENT OF DISTRIBUTED NON-LINEAR FIBER MODELS
Creators: name: Oumer, Anur
name: Zekariaadil, Adil
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: The study evaluates existing numerical nonlinear modeling techniques used in seismic analysis. Experimentally tested RC bridge column specimens have been taken as a case study and modeled in Open Sees finite element software. The study shows that the distributed force-based (FB) fiber models provide a more accurate result in capturing the nonlinear behavior of the RC bridge column that exhibits strain-hardening behavior. In contrast, the distributed displacement-based (DB) fiber models overestimate the ultimate capacity of the RC bridge column for sections exhibiting strain-hardening behavior. The study shows that for nonlinear analysis using distributed displacement-based (DB) fiber models, members should be divided into several elements to capture the inelastic response accurately. For the section exhibiting strain-softening behavior, both the distributed force-based (FB) and displacement-based (DB) fiber models are affected by localization issues. To overcome the localization issues, three-level of regularizations have been compared: 1) Applying regularization only to concrete, 2) Applying regularization only to steel 3) Applying regularization to concrete and steel materials. The level of regularizations was observed to have a significant effect in capturing the softening behavior, such as concrete crushing/spalling or rupture of reinforcing steel bars. Key words: beam-column fiber models, Nonlinear-analysis, Strain-Hardening, Strain-Softening, Localization, Regularization
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 41 (2023): Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
PROBABILISTICASSESSMENT AND FIELD TEST VERIFICATION FOR STRENGTH EVALUATION OF BRIDGE WITH DEFECTIVE GIRDER
Creators: name: Gebre, Abrham
name: Gebreyouhannes, Esayas
name: Gebre, Yisihak
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: The use of high-quality materials, regular inspection and testing of constituent materials, appropriate curing processes, and an acceptable overall construction methodology are all required for bridge construction. Failure to handle the aforementioned ways causes the bridge to operate poorly, jeopardizing its load-carrying capacity. As a result, determining the load carrying capacity of the bridge and assessing its safety are critical. This study investigated the performance of a defective girder of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) bridge (located at km 69+937 along the Agulae-Berahle road segment) caused by failure of concrete to achieve the desired compressive strength. Various assessment methods were used to assess the strength of the existing defective girder. Following the uncertainty of random variables, a probabilistic assessment approach was used. A field load test was also used to correlate and verify the numerical result. The findings reveal that the bridge under investigation is safe against the design and legal loads specified in ERA Bridge Design Manual. Keywords: RC, deterministic approach, defective girder, probabilistic assessment, strength evaluation, uncertainty, random variables, load test
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 41 (2023): Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Anderson localization in doped semiconductors
Creators: name: Poduval, Prathyush P.
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically consider the problem of doping induced insulator to metal transition in bulk semiconductors by obtaining the transition density as a function of compensation, assuming that the transition is an Anderson localization transition controlled by the Ioffe-Regel-Mott (IRM) criterion. We calculate the mean free path, on the highly doped metallic side, arising from carrier scattering by the ionized dopants, which we model as quenched random charged impurities. The Coulomb disorder of the charged dopants is screened by the carriers themselves, leading to an integral equation for localization, defined by the density-dependent mean free path being equal to the inverse of the Fermi wave number, as dictated by the IRM criterion. Solving this integral equation approximately analytically and exactly numerically, we provide detailed results for the localization critical density for the doping induced metal-insulator transition.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Jobs–Housing Balance Re-Re-Visited
Creators: name: Blumenberg, Evelyn
name: King, Hannah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: In many U.S. metropolitan areas housing costs have skyrocketed in recent years relative to average incomes. A worsening shortage of affordable housing in these metros may push households away from job-rich cities and expensive neighborhoods into outlying areas, where housing is cheaper but jobs are more distant. To examine this issue, we revisit the jobs–housing balance, a popular topic of research in the 1990s, with a focus on the relationship between housing and the spatial location of workers relative to jobs. Our analysis draws on data from the Longitudinal Employer–Household Dynamics Origin–Destination Employment Statistics (LODES) for cities in California in 2002 and 2015. In contrast to earlier jobs–housing balance research, we find that California cities are becoming less self-contained over time, defined as a decline in the number of workers who both live and work within a jurisdiction relative to the number of commuters who travel either into or out of a city for work. Statistical models show that self-containment was higher in cities with lower housing costs and, in 2015, in cities with a greater balance between jobs and employed residents. The deepening housing affordability crisis in many metropolitan areas like those found in California are pushing workers and jobs farther apart, increasing the economic, social, and environmental costs of commuting. Policies to increase the supply of housing in job-rich and high–housing cost areas could help reverse this troubling trend, though they are likely to meet with considerable resistance. Our findings also underscore the importance of efforts that include but extend beyond housing production, such as policies to better match job skills and housing prices to the characteristics of workers.
LEX-EFT: The Light Exotics Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Carpenter, Linda M.
name: Murphy, Taylor
name: Smylie, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the creation of a Light Exotics Effective Field Theory (LEX-EFT) catalog. LEX-EFT is a generic framework to capture all interactions between the Standard Model (SM) and all (or at least a large class of) theoretically allowed exotic states beyond the Standard Model (bSM), indexed by their SM and bSM charges. These states are light enough to be on or nearly on shell in some collider processes. This framework, which subsumes beyond the Standard Model paradigms as generally as possible, is meant to extend recent successful implementations of bSM EFTs and complement e.g. the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), which can capture the off-shell effects of exotic fields. In this work, we review a general method for the construction of a complete list of gauge-invariant operators involving SM interactions with light exotics via iterative tensor product decomposition, up to the desired order in mass dimension. Each operator is characterized by specific Clebsch-Gordan coefficients determined by the charge flow; we show how this charge flow affects the range of EFT validity and cross sections associated with an effective operator. We create an example catalog of exotic scalars coupling to SM gauge boson pairs, and we highlight some operators with exotic weak $\mathrm{SU}(2)_{\text{L}}$ charges that can produce spectacular LHC phenomenology. We further demonstrate the utility of the LEX-EFT approach with several examples of effects on kinematic distributions and cross sections that would not be captured by EFTs agnostic to the exotic degrees of freedom and may evade the main inclusive collider searches tailored to the existing preferred set of standard bSM theories.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures. Updated to resemble JHEP Version of Record
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SLUDGE/CLAY RATIO AND FIRING TEMPERATURE ON THE COMPRESSION STRENGTH AND WATER ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF BRICK USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Creators: name: Gebremedhin, Tsegay
name: Kebede, Shimelis
name: Kiflie, Zebene
Publisher: name: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
Year: 2023

description: Presently, the sludge generated from the Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) facility in Hawassa Industrial Park is collected inside a nearby big constructed shed without any treatment. This study investigated the utilization of this textile sludge as input for the production of brick construction material as the sludge management tool. The study focused on finding optimum parameters for the production of bricks using response surface methodology. The proportion of sludge mix and the firing temperature were selected as the study independent parameters with the compressive strength and water absorption as the experimental responses. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear and quadratic model equations were selected for compressive strength and water absorption capacity, respectively. The regression analyses have shown that the model equations ware satisfactory enough to predict the selected responses within the experimental range with 94.98 % and 99.71 % variability in the same order. Based on numerical optimization, a sludge mix of 18.66 % and a temperature of 1000oC were selected as optimum synthesis parameters predicting bricks with 3.5 MPa comprehensive strength and 16 % water absorption. Key words: Statistical Optimization, textile sludge, bricks, zero liquid discharge.
description: Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects, Vol. 41 (2023): Zede Journal of Ethiopian Engineers and Architects
On the existence of universal families of marked irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds
Creators: name: Markman, Eyal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the existence of a universal family over every component of the moduli space of marked irreducible holomorphic symplectic manifolds. The analogous result follows for the Teichmuller spaces.
description: v2: 13 pages, accepted for publication in Kyoto J. of Math
USER: Unsupervised Structural Entropy-based Robust Graph Neural Network
Creators: name: Wang, Yifei
name: Wang, Yupan
name: Zhang, Zeyu
name: Yang, Song
name: Zhao, Kaiqi
name: Liu, Jiamou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsupervised/self-supervised graph neural networks (GNN) are vulnerable to inherent randomness in the input graph data which greatly affects the performance of the model in downstream tasks. In this paper, we alleviate the interference of graph randomness and learn appropriate representations of nodes without label information. To this end, we propose USER, an unsupervised robust version of graph neural networks that is based on structural entropy. We analyze the property of intrinsic connectivity and define intrinsic connectivity graph. We also identify the rank of the adjacency matrix as a crucial factor in revealing a graph that provides the same embeddings as the intrinsic connectivity graph. We then introduce structural entropy in the objective function to capture such a graph. Extensive experiments conducted on clustering and link prediction tasks under random-noises and meta-attack over three datasets show USER outperforms benchmarks and is robust to heavier randomness.
Response Approach to the Matter Power Spectrum Covariance
Creators: name: Barreira, Alexandre
name: Schmidt, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the matter power spectrum covariance matrix ${\rm Cov}(\bf{k}_1,\bf{k}_2)$ that uses power spectrum responses to accurately describe the coupling between large- and small-scale modes beyond the perturbative regime. These response functions can be measured with (small-volume) N-body simulations, which is why the response contributions to the covariance remain valid and predictive at all orders in perturbation theory. A novel and key step presented here is the use of responses to compute loop contributions with soft loop momenta, which extends the application of the response approach beyond that of previously considered squeezed $n$-point functions. The calculation presented here does not involve any fitting parameters. When including response-type terms up to 1-loop order in perturbation theory, we find that our calculation captures the bulk of the total covariance as estimated from simulations up to values of $k_1, k_2 \sim 1\ h/{\rm Mpc}$. Moreover, the prediction is guaranteed to be accurate whenever the softer mode is sufficiently linear, ${\rm min}\{k_1,k_2\} \lesssim 0.08\ h/{\rm Mpc}$. We identify and discuss straightforward improvements in the context of the response approach, which are expected to further increase the accuracy of the calculation presented here.
description: 26 pages + appendices and references. 10 figures. Minor change in caption of Fig.3 in v2
Generalized Archimedes' principle in active fluids
Creators: name: Razin, Nitzan
name: Voituriez, Raphael
name: Elgeti, Jens
name: Gov, Nir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how a gradient in the motility properties of non-interacting point-like active particles can cause a pressure gradient that pushes a large inert object. We calculate the force on an object inside a system of active particles with position dependent motion parameters, in one and two dimensions, and show that a modified Archimedes' principle is satisfied. We characterize the system, both in terms of the model parameters and in terms of experimentally measurable quantities: the spatial profiles of the density, velocity and pressure. This theoretical analysis is motivated by recent experiments, which showed that the nucleus of a mouse oocyte (immature egg cell) moves from the cortex to the center due to a gradient of activity of vesicles propelled by molecular motors; it more generally applies to artificial systems of controlled localized activity.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Shell viscosity estimation of lipid-coated microbubbles
Creators: name: Cattaneo, Marco
name: Supponen, Outi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the shell rheology of ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles is vital for anticipating their bioeffects in clinical practice. Past studies using sophisticated acoustic and optical techniques have made enormous progress in this direction, enabling the development of shell models that adequately reproduce the nonlinear behaviour of the coated microbubble under acoustic excitation. However, there have also been puzzling discrepancies and missing physical explanations for the dependency of shell viscosity on the equilibrium bubble radius, which demands further experimental investigations. In this study, we aim to unravel the cause of such behaviour by performing a refined characterisation of the shell viscosity. We use ultra-high-speed microscopy imaging, optical trapping and wide-field fluorescence to accurately record the individual microbubble response upon ultrasound driving across a range of bubble sizes. An advanced model of bubble dynamics is validated and employed to infer the shell viscosity of single bubbles from their radial time evolution. The resulting values reveal a prominent variability of the shell viscosity of about an order of magnitude and no dependency on the bubble size, which is contrary to previous studies. We find that the method called bubble spectroscopy, which has been used extensively in the past to determine the shell viscosity, is highly sensitive to methodology inaccuracies, and we demonstrate through analytical arguments that the previously reported unphysical trends are an artifact of these biases. We also show the importance of correct bubble sizing, as errors in this aspect can also lead to unphysical trends in shell viscosity, when estimated through a nonlinear fitting from the time response of the bubble.
Radiative production and decays of the exotic $η_1^\prime(1855)$ and its siblings
Creators: name: Shastry, Vanamali
name: Giacosa, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the production of the light $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ hybrid isoscalars $η_1^\prime(1855)$ and the yet undiscovered $η_1^{hyb}(1660)$ as intermediate states in the radiative decays of the charmonium ($J/ψ$) to two conventional mesons using a flavor symmetric Lagrangian. For this purpose, we use the $J/ψ\toγη_1^\prime(1855)\toγηη^\prime$ process as the reference. We find that some of the decay channels have branching ratios similar to or larger than that of the $γηη^\prime$ channel and are sensitive to the mixing between the hybrid isoscalars. We propose that relatively stable $γηf_1(1285)$ channel be explored for the presence of the light hybrid isoscalar $η_1^{hyb}(1660)$. We also exploit the strong decay channels containing at least one vector meson to study the radiative decays of the whole hybrid nonet $\{π_1(1600),K_1^{hyb}(1750),η_1^{hyb}(1660),η_1'(1855)\}$. We find that the hybrids cannot radiatively decay into the $I=0$ pseudoscalars. Furthermore, the vector decay channels ($(ρ/ω/ϕ)γ$) of the hybrid isoscalars are sensitive to the strangeness content of the hybrids. We also provide estimates for the branching fractions for the radiative production and partial widths for the radiative decays of the hybrids.
description: 14 pages, matches published version
Entanglement concentration with different measurement in a 3-mode optomechanical system
Creators: name: Li, Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we perform a series of phonon counting measurement with different methods in a 3-mode optomechanical system, and we compare the difference of the entanglement after measurement. In this article we focus on the two cases: imperfect measurement and on-off measurement. We find that whatever measurement you take, the entanglement will increase. The size of entanglement enhancement is the largest in perfect measurement, second in the imperfect measurement, and it is not obvious in the on-off measurement. We are sure that the more precise measurement information, the larger entanglement concentration.
description: We think it is too simple and could be inplemented for more physical content
Estimating Pedestrian Flows on Street Networks
Creators: name: Sevtsuk, Andres
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: City governments and planners alike commonly seek to increase pedestrian activity on city streets as part of broader sustainability, community building, and economic development strategies. Though walkability has received ample attention in planning literature, most planners still lack practical methods for predicting how development proposals could affect pedestrian activity on specific streets or public spaces at different times of the day. Cities typically require traffic impact assessments (TIAs) but not pedestrian impact assessments. In this study I present a methodology for estimating pedestrian trip generation and distribution between detailed origins and destinations in both existing and proposed built environments. Using the betweenness index from network analysis, I introduce a number of methodological improvements that allow the index to model pedestrian trips with parameters and constraints to account for pedestrian behavior in different settings. I demonstrate its application in the Kendall Square area of Cambridge (MA), where estimated foot traffic is compared during lunch and evening peak periods with observed pedestrian counts. The proposed approach can be particularly useful for TIAs, neighborhood plans, and large-scale development projects, where pedestrian flow estimates can be used to guide pedestrian infrastructure and safety improvements and public space investments or for locating pedestrian priority streets during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for identification of unknown number of sources emitting delayed signals
Creators: name: Iliev, Filip L.
name: Stanev, Valentin G.
name: Vesselinov, Velimir V.
name: Alexandrov, Boian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: ]68T10

description: Factor analysis is broadly used as a powerful unsupervised machine learning tool for reconstruction of hidden features in recorded mixtures of signals. In the case of a linear approximation, the mixtures can be decomposed by a variety of model-free Blind Source Separation (BSS) algorithms. Most of the available BSS algorithms consider an instantaneous mixing of signals, while the case when the mixtures are linear combinations of signals with delays is less explored. Especially difficult is the case when the number of sources of the signals with delays is unknown and has to be determined from the data as well. To address this problem, in this paper, we present a new method based on Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) that is capable of identifying: (a) the unknown number of the sources, (b) the delays and speed of propagation of the signals, and (c) the locations of the sources. Our method can be used to decompose records of mixtures of signals with delays emitted by an unknown number of sources in a nondispersive medium, based only on recorded data. This is the case, for example, when electromagnetic signals from multiple antennas are received asynchronously; or mixtures of acoustic or seismic signals recorded by sensors located at different positions; or when a shift in frequency is induced by the Doppler effect. By applying our method to synthetic datasets, we demonstrate its ability to identify the unknown number of sources as well as the waveforms, the delays, and the strengths of the signals. Using Bayesian analysis, we also evaluate estimation uncertainties and identify the region of likelihood where the positions of the sources can be found.
Six operations formalism for generalized operads
Creators: name: Ward, Benjamin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper shows that generalizations of operads equipped with their respective bar/cobar dualities are related by a six operations formalism analogous to that of classical contexts in algebraic geometry. As a consequence of our constructions, we prove intertwining theorems which govern derived Koszul duality of push-forwards and pull-backs.
description: final version with minor corrections, most notably revised statement of Theorem 6.3
Relativistic coronal mass ejections from magnetars
Creators: name: Sharma, Praveen
name: Barkov, Maxim
name: Lyutikov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamics of relativistic Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), from launching by shearing of foot-points (either slowly - the ``Solar flare'' paradigm, or suddenly - the ``star quake" paradigm), to propagation in the preceding magnetar wind. For slow shear, most of the energy injected into the CME is first spent on the work done on breaking through the over-laying magnetic field. At later stages, sufficiently powerful CMEs may experience ``detonation" and lead to opening of the magnetosphere beyond some equipartition radius $r_{eq}$, where the energy of the CME becomes larger than the decreasing external magnetospheric energy. Post-CME magnetosphere relaxes via formation of a plasmoid-mediated current sheet, initially at $\sim r_{eq}$ and slowly reaching the light cylinder (this transient stage has much higher spindown rate and may produce an ``anti-glitch''). Both the location of the foot-point shear and the global magnetospheric configuration affect the frequent-and-weak versus rare-and-powerful CME dichotomy - to produce powerful flares the slow shear should be limited to field lines that close near the star. After the creation of a topologically disconnected flux tube, the tube quickly (at $\sim$ the light cylinder) comes into force-balance with the preceding wind, and is passively advected/frozen in the wind afterward. For fast shear (a local rotational glitch), the resulting large amplitude Alfven waves lead to opening of the magnetosphere (which later recovers similarly to the slow shear case). At distances much larger than the light cylinder, the resulting shear Alfven waves propagate through the wind non-dissipatively. Implications to Fast Radio Bursts are discussed.
On monotone circuits with local oracles and clique lower bounds
Creators: name: Krajicek, Jan
name: Oliveira, Igor C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.1.1; F.2.2
subject: F.1.1, F.2.2

description: We investigate monotone circuits with local oracles [K., 2016], i.e., circuits containing additional inputs $y_i = y_i(\vec{x})$ that can perform unstructured computations on the input string $\vec{x}$. Let $μ\in [0,1]$ be the locality of the circuit, a parameter that bounds the combined strength of the oracle functions $y_i(\vec{x})$, and $U_{n,k}, V_{n,k} \subseteq \{0,1\}^m$ be the set of $k$-cliques and the set of complete $(k-1)$-partite graphs, respectively (similarly to [Razborov, 1985]). Our results can be informally stated as follows. 1. For an appropriate extension of depth-$2$ monotone circuits with local oracles, we show that the size of the smallest circuits separating $U_{n,3}$ (triangles) and $V_{n,3}$ (complete bipartite graphs) undergoes two phase transitions according to $μ$. 2. For $5 \leq k(n) \leq n^{1/4}$, arbitrary depth, and $μ\leq 1/50$, we prove that the monotone circuit size complexity of separating the sets $U_{n,k}$ and $V_{n,k}$ is $n^{Θ(\sqrt{k})}$, under a certain restrictive assumption on the local oracle gates. The second result, which concerns monotone circuits with restricted oracles, extends and provides a matching upper bound for the exponential lower bounds on the monotone circuit size complexity of $k$-clique obtained by Alon and Boppana (1987).
description: Updated acknowledgements and funding information