cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploring Descriptions of Movement Through Geovisual Analytics
Creators: name: Pezanowski, Scott
name: Mitra, Prasenjit
name: MacEachren, Alan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sensemaking using automatically extracted information from text is a challenging problem. In this paper, we address a specific type of information extraction, namely extracting information related to descriptions of movement. Aggregating and understanding information related to descriptions of movement and lack of movement specified in text can lead to an improved understanding and sensemaking of movement phenomena of various types, e.g., migration of people and animals, impediments to travel due to COVID-19, etc. We present GeoMovement, a system that is based on combining machine learning and rule-based extraction of movement-related information with state-of-the-art visualization techniques. Along with the depiction of movement, our tool can extract and present a lack of movement. Very little prior work exists on automatically extracting descriptions of movement, especially negation and movement. Apart from addressing these, GeoMovement also provides a novel integrated framework for combining these extraction modules with visualization. We include two systematic case studies of GeoMovement that show how humans can derive meaningful geographic movement information. GeoMovement can complement precise movement data, e.g., obtained using sensors, or be used by itself when precise data is unavailable.
description: KN - Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information (2022)
Fibration Categories are Fibrant Relative Categories
Creators: name: Meier, Lennart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55U35, 18D99, 55U10

description: A relative category is a category with a chosen class of weak equivalences. Barwick and Kan produced a model structure on the category of all relative categories, which is Quillen equivalent to the Joyal model structure on simplicial sets and the Rezk model structure on simplicial spaces. We will prove that the underlying relative category of a model category or even a fibration category is fibrant in the Barwick--Kan model structure.
description: 21 pages; comments welcome
A Side Chain at Position 48 of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Flap Provides an Additional Specificity Determinant
Creators: name: Everitt, Lorraine
name: Loeb, Daniel
name: Shao, Wei
name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Pettit, Steve
name: Hutchison, Clyde
name: Moody, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Substitution of glycine with glutamic acid at position 48 of the human immunodeficiency virus protease resulted in an enzyme with reduced activity on one of the protease processing sites in the viral Pol polyprotein precursor. Cleavage at this site was restored by a second-site substitution in the substrate replacing an aspartic acid with either glycine or asparagine. These results suggest that the glutamic acid side chain in the mutant protease has an unfavorable charge-charge interaction with this position in the substrate. Cleavage of a processing site in the viral Gag polyprotein precursor with the mutant enzyme was enhanced, and this enhancement was dependent on the presence of an arginine residue in the substrate, again suggesting a charge-charge interaction. The potential for such interactions was confirmed using molecular modeling. The effect of the position 48 substitution was attributed to a 10-fold increase in Km for the processing site in Pol. These results indicate that the addition of a side chain at position 48 can alter the specificity of the HIV-1 protease to substrate in a sequence specific manner and that compensatory changes can be made in the substrate.
(100127) John Davis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Photon underproduction crisis: Are QSOs sufficient to resolve it?
Creators: name: Khaire, Vikram
name: Srianand, Raghunathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the recent claim of 'photon underproduction crisis' by Kollmeier et al. (2014) which suggests that the known sources of ultra-violet (UV) radiation may not be sufficient to generate the inferred hydrogen photoionization rate ($Γ_{\rm HI}$) in the low redshift inter-galactic medium. Using the updated QSO emissivities from the recent studies and our cosmological radiative transfer code developed to estimate the UV background, we show that the QSO contribution to $Γ_{\rm HI}$ is higher by a factor ~2 as compared to the previous estimates. Using self-consistently computed combinations of star formation rate density and dust attenuation, we show that a typical UV escape fraction of 4% from star forming galaxies should be sufficient to explain the inferred $Γ_{\rm HI}$ by Kollmeier et al. (2014). Interestingly, we find that the contribution from QSOs alone can explain the recently inferred $Γ_{\rm HI}$ by Shull et al. (2015) which used the same observational data but different simulation. Therefore, we conclude that the crisis is not as severe as it was perceived before and there seems no need to look for alternate explanations such as low luminosity hidden QSOs or decaying dark matter particles.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures and 1 table; version accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Nusselt number for steady periodically developed heat transfer in micro- and mini-channels with arrays of offset strip fins subject to a uniform heat flux
Creators: name: Vangeffelen, Arthur
name: Buckinx, Geert
name: De Servi, Carlo
name: Vetrano, Maria Rosaria
name: Baelmans, Martine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the Nusselt number is examined for periodically developed heat transfer in micro- and mini-channels with arrays of offset strip fins, subject to a constant heat flux. The Nusselt number is defined on the basis of a heat transfer coefficient which represents the spatially constant macro-scale temperature difference between the fluid and solid during conjugate heat transfer. Its values are determined numerically on a single unit cell of the array for Reynolds numbers between 1 and 600. Two combinations of the Prandtl number and the thermal conductivity ratio are selected, corresponding to air and water. It is shown that the Nusselt number correlations from the literature mainly apply to air in the transitional flow regime in larger conventional channels if the wall temperature remains uniform. As a result, they do not correctly capture the observed trends for the Nusselt number in micro- and mini-channels subject to a constant heat flux. Therefore, new Nusselt number correlations, obtained through a least-squares fitting of 2282 numerical simulations, are presented for air and water. The suitability of these correlations is assessed via the Bayesian approach for parameter estimation and model validation. The correlations respect the observed asymptotic trends and limits of the Nusselt number for all the geometrical parameters of the offset strip fins. In addition, they predict a linear dependence of the Nusselt number on the Reynolds number, in good agreement with the data from this work. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis reveals a more complex scaling of the Nusselt number with the Reynolds number, closely related to the underlying flow regimes, particularly the weak and strong inertia regimes. Finally, through 62 additional simulations, the influence of the material properties on the Nusselt number is illustrated and compared to the available literature.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and Elsevier Publishing. This article appeared in International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 195, 123145 (2022) and may be found at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931022006160; 63 pages, 21 figures, 3 tables
(100123) William Davies
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
New Biscoumarin Derivatives as Potent α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, Kinetic Analysis, and Docking Study
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry

description: A new series of biscoumarin derivatives 3a–n were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. The reaction of the 4-aminocoumarin with benzaldehyde derivatives led to the formation of the title compounds in good yields. All the synthesized compounds showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 ranging from 20.0 ± 0.7 to180.1 ± 0.8 µM, in comparison with acarbose as the standard drug (IC50 = 750.0 1.5 µM). Among the synthesized compounds, 3,3'-(p-tolylmethylene)bis(4-amino-2H-chromen-2-one) 3c was found to be the most active compound with an IC50 value of 20.0 ± 0.7 µM. Kinetic study exhibited that compound 3c was a competitive inhibitor against α-glucosidase (Ki = 22.4 µM). In silico docking study for the most potent compound 3c was also performed.
Hierarchy of Floquet gaps and edge states for driven honeycomb lattices
Creators: name: Perez-Piskunow, Pablo M.
name: Torres, Luis E. F. Foa
name: Usaj, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic driving in a honeycomb lattice can induce gaps and topological edge states with a structure of increasing complexity as the frequency of the driving lowers. While the high frequency case is the most simple to analyze we focus on the multiple photon processes allowed in the low frequency regime to unveil the hierarchy of Floquet edge-states. In the case of low intensities an analytical approach allows us to derive effective Hamiltonians and address the topological character of each gap in a constructive manner. At high intensities we obtain the net number of edge states, given by the winding number, with a numerical calculation of the Chern numbers of each Floquet band. Using these methods, we find a hierarchy that resembles that of a Russian nesting doll. This hierarchy classifies the gaps and the associated edge states in different orders according to the electron-photon coupling strength. For large driving intensities, we rely on the numerical calculation of the winding number, illustrated in a map of topological phase transitions. The hierarchy unveiled with the low energy effective Hamiltonians, alongside with the map of topological phase transitions discloses the complexity of the Floquet band structure in the low frequency regime. The proposed method for obtaining the effective Hamiltonian can be easily adapted to other Dirac Hamiltonians of two dimensional materials and even the surface of a 3D topological insulator.
description: Phys. Rev. A 91, 043625
An Infectious cDNA Clone of a Cytopathic Hepatitis A Virus: Genomic Regions Associated with Rapid Replication and Cytopathic Effect
Creators: name: Chao, Shih-Pong
name: Grace, Ken
name: Lemon, Stanley
name: Ping, Li-Hua
name: Zhang, Hangchun
name: Clarke, Berwyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Rapidly replicating, cytopathic (rr/cpe+) variants of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolated from persistently infected BS-C-1 cells have numerous mutations from cell culture-adapted rr/cpe- HAV. To determine which mutations in one rr/cpe+ virus, HM175/18f, determine enhanced replication in BS-C-1 cells, a series of chimeric viruses was rescued from infectious cDNAs in which HM175/18f genomic segments were placed within the background of a related rr/cpe- virus, HAV/7. Chimeric viruses containing the P2 region of HM175/18f produced replication foci in BS-C-1 cells that were larger than HAV/7, but not as large as HM175/18f virus. Enhanced viral replication required mutations in both 2B and 2C proteins, suggesting that these proteins remain closely associated during replication. Mutations in 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR) or P3 proteins had no independent effect, but acted cooperatively with mutations in P2 proteins to enhance replication and render the virus capable of conventional plaque formation. Cytopathic effects correlated with viral replication capacity and were not the result of any single mutation. Full expression of the rr/cpe+ phenotype required mutations within the 5'NTR, P2, and P3 segments. These results suggest novel interactions between the 5'NTR and P2 proteins during HAV replication and provide useful new infectious cDNA clones.
The Dense Gas Mass Fraction and the Relationship to Star Formation in M51
Creators: name: Heyer, Mark
name: Gregg, Benjamin
name: Calzetti, Daniela
name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Kennicutt, Robert
name: Adamo, Angela
name: Evans, Aaron S.
name: Grasha, Kathryn
name: Lowenthal, James D.
name: Narayanan, Gopal
name: Rosa-Gonzalez, Daniel
name: Schloerb, F. P.
name: Souccar, Kamal
name: Tang, Yuping
name: Teuben, Peter
name: Vega, Olga
name: Wall, William F.
name: Yun, Min S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of 12CO J=1-0 and HCN J=1-0 emission from NGC 5194 (M51) made with the 50~meter Large Millimeter Telescope and the SEQUOIA focal plane array are presented. Using the HCN to CO ratio, we examine the dense gas mass fraction over a range of environmental conditions within the galaxy. Within the disk, the dense gas mass fraction varies along spiral arms but the average value over all spiral arms is comparable to the mean value of interarm regions. We suggest that the near constant dense gas mass fraction throughout the disk arises from a population of density stratified, self gravitating molecular clouds and the required density threshold to detect each spectral line. The measured dense gas fraction significantly increases in the central bulge in response to the effective pressure, P_e, from the weight from the stellar and gas components. This pressure modifies the dynamical state of the molecular cloud population and possibly, the HCN emitting regions, in the central bulge from self-gravitating to diffuse configurations in which P_e is greater than the gravitational energy density of individual clouds. Diffuse molecular clouds comprise a significant fraction of the molecular gas mass in the central bulge, which may account for the measured sublinear relationships between the surface densities of the star formation rate and molecular and dense gas.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Galactic Angular Momentum in the Illustris Simulation: Feedback and the Hubble Sequence
Creators: name: Genel, Shy
name: Fall, S. Michael
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Snyder, Gregory F.
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Vicente
name: Sijacki, Debora
name: Springel, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stellar angular momentum of thousands of galaxies in the Illustris cosmological simulation, which captures gravitational and gas dynamics within galaxies, as well as feedback from stars and black holes. We find that the angular momentum of the simulated galaxies matches observations well, and in particular two distinct relations are found for late-type versus early-type galaxies. The relation for late-type galaxies corresponds to the value expected from full conservation of the specific angular momentum generated by cosmological tidal torques. The relation for early-type galaxies corresponds to retention of only ~30% of that, but we find that those early-type galaxies with low angular momentum at z=0 nevertheless reside at high redshift on the late-type relation. Some of them abruptly lose angular momentum during major mergers. To gain further insight, we explore the scaling relations in simulations where the galaxy formation physics is modified with respect to the fiducial model. We find that galactic winds with high mass-loading factors are essential for obtaining the high angular momentum relation typical for late-type galaxies, while AGN feedback largely operates in the opposite direction. Hence, feedback controls the stellar angular momentum of galaxies, and appears to be instrumental for establishing the Hubble sequence.
description: Updated to match accepted ApJL version (minor modifications). 7 pages, 4 figures
Identification and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Primary (2A/2B) Cleavage Site of the Hepatitis A Virus Polyprotein: Functional Impact on the Infectivity of HAV RNA Transcripts
Creators: name: Martin, Annette
name: Chao, Shih-Fong
name: Escriou, Nicolas
name: Wychowski, Czeslaw
name: Girard, Marc
name: Lemon, Stanley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The junction between 2A and 2B proteins of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) polyprotein is processed by the virus-encoded 3C protease to liberate the precursor for capsid proteins, but details of this cleavage remain poorly defined. We identified the location of this primary cleavage by a novel approach involving expression of HAV polypeptides in eukaryotic cells via recombinant vaccinia viruses. A substrate polyprotein spanning the putative HAV 2A/2B site was fused at its C-terminus to a poliovirus VP1 reporter sequence. This substrate was cleaved efficiently in trans by protease 3C derived from another recombinant vaccinia virus expressing a 3C precursor protein. N-terminal sequencing of the 2B-poliovirus VP1 fusion product identified the site of cleavage as the Gln836/Ala837 dipeptide, 144 residues upstream of the originally predicted site. Two mutations were introduced at the P1 position of the 2A/2B site. Gln836-->Asn, and Gln836-->Arg. Asn substitution at the P1 residue reduced the efficiency of cleavage in the vaccinia expression system and resulted in a small replication focus phenotype of virus rescued from infectious HAV RNA transcripts. Arg substitution abolished cleavage and was lethal to HAV replication. In addition to identifying the site of the primary HAV polyprotein cleavage, these results shed light on the in vivo specificities of the HAV 3C protease.
Induction by Herpes Simplex Virus of Free and Heteromeric Forms of E2F Transcription Factor
Creators: name: MCLEAN, TIM
name: CARPENTER, KIM
name: O'NEIL, JOHN
name: MOUNGHANE, DOUAN
name: CONTRACTOR, NIKHAT
name: BACHENHEIMER, STEVEN
name: HILTON, MELISSA
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: We have determined that HSV causes rapid and large increases in cell-cycle-regulated free E2F and S-phase p107/E2F DNA binding activities in asynchronous cultures of C33A cells. Induction occurred by 4 hr postinfection and coincided with the appearance of viral encoded immediate-early and delayed-early proteins, i.e., when viral DNA replication normally commences. No increase in E2F activities occurred when cells were infected with viruses expressing mutant regulatory proteins ICP4 or ICP27, or mutant replication proteins ICP8, pol or helicase, or when cells were infected with wild-type virus in the presence of inhibitors of DNA synthesis. In contrast, ICP8 mutant-infected cells contained elevated amounts of NF kappa B activity equivalent to WT virus, no induction of Sp1 relative to WT virus, and reduced ATF/CREB activity relative to WT virus. Results of transient expression assays with E2F-responsive reporters indicated that the net effect of induction of both active (free E2F) and repressive (p107/E2F) complexes was a decrease in AdE2 promoter activity and an increase in c-myc promoter activity. Taken together these results suggest that HSV can cause unscheduled changes in the amount and functional status of a cell-cycle-regulated transcription factor. These results are discussed in light of possible roles for viral-induced alterations in E2F, especially as related to imposing or overriding cell-cycle checkpoints.
(100121) Edith Margaret Davies
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
An Emphatic Approach to the Problem of Off-policy Temporal-Difference Learning
Creators: name: Sutton, Richard S.
name: Mahmood, A. Rupam
name: White, Martha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we introduce the idea of improving the performance of parametric temporal-difference (TD) learning algorithms by selectively emphasizing or de-emphasizing their updates on different time steps. In particular, we show that varying the emphasis of linear TD($λ$)'s updates in a particular way causes its expected update to become stable under off-policy training. The only prior model-free TD methods to achieve this with per-step computation linear in the number of function approximation parameters are the gradient-TD family of methods including TDC, GTD($λ$), and GQ($λ$). Compared to these methods, our _emphatic TD($λ$)_ is simpler and easier to use; it has only one learned parameter vector and one step-size parameter. Our treatment includes general state-dependent discounting and bootstrapping functions, and a way of specifying varying degrees of interest in accurately valuing different states.
description: 29 pages This is a significant revision based on the first set of reviews. The most important change was to signal early that the main result is about stability, not convergence
Preventing technical debt with the TAP framework for Technical Debt Aware Management
Creators: name: Wiese, Marion
name: Rachow, Paula
name: Riebisch, Matthias
name: Schwarze, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context. Technical Debt (TD) is a metaphor for technical problems that are not visible to users and customers but hinder developers in their work, making future changes more difficult. TD is often incurred due to tight project deadlines and can make future changes more costly or impossible. Project Management usually focuses on customer benefits and pays less attention to their IT systems' internal quality. TD prevention should be preferred over TD repayment because subsequent refactoring and re-engineering are expensive. Objective. This paper evaluates a framework focusing on both TD prevention and TD repayment in the context of agile-managed projects. The framework was developed and applied in an IT unit of a publishing house. The unique contribution of this framework is the integration of TD management into project management. Method. The evaluation was performed as a comparative case study based on ticket statistics and two structured surveys. The surveys were conducted in the observed IT unit using the framework and a comparison unit not using the framework. The first survey targeted team members, the second one IT managers. Results. The evaluation shows that in this IT unit, the TAP framework led to a raised awareness for the incurrence of TD. Decisions to incur TD are intentional, and TD is repaid timelier. Unintentional TD incurred by unconscious decisions is prevented. Furthermore, better communication and better planning of the project pipeline can be observed. Conclusions. We provide an insight into practitioners' ways to identify, monitor, prevent and repay TD. The presented framework includes a feasible method for TD prevention despite tight timelines by making TD repayment part of project management.
description: Accepted manuscript for "Information and Software Technology" - Special Issue on the TechDebt 2021 conference
title: Constructing Internet access: The emergence and use of ICTs in new social spaces
Creators: name: Hiller, David Benjamin
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2006

description: This thesis examines the introduction of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into new social spaces. These new social spaces have been called the 'middle ground' (MG). They are found not in the workplace nor in the home but are located elsewhere in community centres, libraries and Internet cafes. The MG is used for education, communication and information retrieval. This thesis draws upon two case studies to explore the institutional, sociological and cultural development and use of such MG spaces. Theoretically, this thesis draws upon the Sociology of Science & Technology, specifically Actor Network Theory (ANT). According to ANT, to understand just how a technology becomes (or fails to become) a success we must follow and observe various innovators as they attempt to enrol others into their 'networks'. The utility of ANT is twofold. Firstly, it enables me to study 'innovation' and secondly to move beyond overarching general notions (such as technological determinism) to understand the complex ways new ICTs are being utilised in the 'middle ground'. The first case study examines the development of a 'virtual university' project 'Televersity'. Here I examine the relationship that develops between the key actors involved with the project, the strategic co-operation between the actors and the use of representations of the Local Learning Centres (LLCs) and identity of the users. The second case study examines the establishment and use of an Internet cafe. I explore the representational resources that the founders utilise in their attempts to stabilise the identity of the Internet cafe and its users. I then proceed to compare these with accounts of use, derived through a series of interviews with (and observations of) the users. The thesis thus aims to illuminate the heterogeneous and complex nature of the MG and the cooperation and flexibility needed at a policy level for such places to be sustained. Furthermore, by using an approach like ANT, we can begin to understand the micro-level shaping of the MG and the relation between these local processes and the wider dynamics within which they are embedded.
An Efficient Wait-free Resizable Hash Table
Creators: name: Fatourou, Panagiota
name: Kallimanis, Nikolaos D.
name: Ropars, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an efficient wait-free resizable hash table. To achieve high throughput at large core counts, our algorithm is specifically designed to retain the natural parallelism of concurrent hashing, while providing wait-free resizing. An extensive evaluation of our hash table shows that in the common case where resizing actions are rare, our implementation outperforms all existing lock-free hash table implementations while providing a stronger progress guarantee.
Mechanism of Neuroinvasion of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in the Mouse
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert
name: Charles, Peter
name: Walters, Eric
name: Margolis, Frank
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) causes a biphasic disease in mice following subcutaneous inoculation in the footpad. In the initial phase, virus replicates primarily in the lymphoid tissues and induces a high titer viremia. Subsequently, the virus invades the central nervous system (CNS) from the circulation, and an encephalitis ensues. At the earliest times that VEE specific in situ hybridization signal was observed in the CNS, it was in areas of the brain involved in olfaction, leading to the hypothesis that virus may invade the brain from the circulation through the olfactory system. The results presented in this paper define the route of CNS invasion in experimental murine VEE disease initiated by subcutaneous inoculation. Virus circulating in the blood appears to seed specific areas of the peripheral nervous system during the viremic lymphoid phase of the illness. Virus replication within olfactory and dental tissues is followed by centripetal spread of virus along neural pathways. Virus enters the brain in a pattern reflecting the proximity of the peripheral invasion site to the CNS. Specifically, virus is first found in the brain within the structures of the olfactory system, followed by areas innervated by the trigeminal nerve. Virus later disseminates along fiber tracts and connected circuits within the brain, resulting in a disseminated meningoencephalitis. Surgical or chemical interruption of the olfactory system at the level of the olfactory neuroepithelium or the main olfactory bulb inhibited entry of VEE into the CNS through the olfactory nerve. However, the olfactory route is not absolutely required for CNS invasion, as virus invaded the CNS of olfactory ablated animals through the trigeminal nerve. These observations are consistent with a model of hematogenous seeding of the peripheral nervous system, followed by invasion of the CNS by direct neural spread.
(100122) David Rees Davies
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
How statistical forces depend on thermodynamics and kinetics of driven media
Creators: name: Basu, Urna
name: Maes, Christian
name: Netocny, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the statistical force of a nonequilibrium environment on a quasi-static probe. In the linear regime the isothermal work on the probe equals the excess work for the medium to relax to its new steady condition with displaced probe. Also the relative importance of reaction paths can be measured via statistical forces, and from second order onwards the force on the probe reveals information about nonequilibrium changes in the reactivity of the medium. We also show that statistical forces for nonequilibrium media are generally nonadditive, in contrast with the equilibrium situation. Both the presence of non-thermodynamic corrections to the forces and their nonadditivity put serious constraints on any formulation of nonequilibrium steady state thermodynamics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; v1->v2: overall simplified presentation, modifications mainly in sections "Kinetic aspects" and "Nonadditivity"
Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Full-Length cDNA Clone of S.A.AR86, a South African Alphavirus Related to Sindbis
Creators: name: Lin, Seh-Ching
name: Simpson, Dennis
name: Davis, Nancy
name: Russell, Darcy
name: Johnston, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: S.A.AR86 and Girdwood S.A., two South African Sindbis-like arboviruses, are closely related antigenically to the Swedish isolate, Ockelbo82 [Lundström, J. O., Vene, S., Saluzzo, J. F., and Niklasson, B. (1993) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 49(5), 531-537]. Each of these viruses is associated with human disease, and Girdwood S.A. was isolated from a human case. In addition, S.A.AR86 is unique among Sindbis-like viruses in that adult mice remain sensitive to lethal infection with S.A.AR86. The complete genomic sequences of S.A.AR86 and Girdwood S.A. were determined. The S.A.AR86 RNA genome contained 11,663 nucleotides, excluding the 5' CAP structure and 3' poly(A) tail. In comparison to the consensus sequence of the prototype Egyptian Sindbis strain AR339, S.A.AR86 differed at 5.57% of the nucleotides, including a 54-nucleotide deletion, two insertions of 6 nucleotides each, and a 3-nucleotide insertion in the 3' terminal one-third of the S.A.AR86 nsP3 gene. S.A.AR86 is one of only three alphaviruses sequenced to date that does not have an opal termination codon between the nsP3 and the nsP4 genes. These genes are separated by a cysteine codon in the S.A.AR86 genome. The genome of Girdwood S.A. was 11,717 nucleotides in length, excluding the 5' CAP and 3' poly(A) tail. Girdwood S.A. contained an opal termination codon between nsP3 and nsP4 and did not have the large 54-nucleotide deletion in nsP3, although Girdwood S.A. did contain the remaining insertions and deletions characteristic of S.A.AR86. S.A.AR86 was more closely related to Girdwood S.A. than to the Egyptian isolate, and the South African isolates as a group were more closely related to the Swedish isolate. Comparison of the S.A.AR86 sequence to that of Ockelbo82, Girdwood S.A., and Sindbis virus AR339 revealed several codons where S.A.AR86 differed from the conserved amino acid encoded by the other three viruses. These changes may be related to the ability of S.A.AR86 to initiate a lethal central nervous system infection in adult mice. To fulfill a prerequisite for testing this hypothesis, a full-length cDNA clone of S.A.AR86 was constructed from which infectious genomic RNA replicas could be derived. The sequence of this clone differed from the S.A.AR86 genomic RNA sequence at four translationally silent positions, and virus derived from the clone reproduced the adult mouse neurovirulence phenotype of its biological progenitor.
Unphysical and Physical Solutions in Many-Body Theories: from Weak to Strong Correlation
Creators: name: Stan, Adrian
name: Romaniello, Pina
name: Rigamonti, Santiago
name: Reining, Lucia
name: Berger, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body theory is largely based on self-consistent equations that are constructed in terms of the physical quantity of interest itself, for example the density. Therefore, the calculation of important properties such as total energies or photoemission spectra requires the solution of non-linear equations that have unphysical and physical solutions. In this work we show in which circumstances one runs into an unphysical solution, and we indicate how one can overcome this problem. Moreover, we solve the puzzle of when and why the interacting Green's function does not unambiguously determine the underlying system, given in terms of its potential, or non-interacting Green's function. Our results are general since they originate from the fundamental structure of the equations. The absorption spectrum of lithium fluoride is shown as one illustration, and observations in the literature for some widely used models are explained by our approach. Our findings apply to both the weak and strong-correlation regimes. For the strong-correlation regime we show that one cannot use the expressions that are obtained from standard perturbation theory, and we suggest a different approach that is exact in the limit of strong interaction.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures plus supplemental material
Toward relativistic mean-field description of $\bar{\text{N}}$-nucleus reactions
Creators: name: Gaitanos, T.
name: Kaskulov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the antinucleon-nucleus optical potential in the framework of the non-linear derivative (NLD) model with momentum dependent mean-fields. We apply the NLD model to interaction of antinucleons ($\bar{\text{N}}$) in nuclear matter and, in particular, to antiproton scattering on nuclei. In nuclear matter a strong suppression of the $\bar{\text{N}}$-optical potential at rest and at high kinetic energies is found and caused by the momentum dependence of relativistic mean-fields. The NLD results are consistent with known empirical $\bar{\text{N}}$-nucleus observations and agree well with antiproton-nucleus scattering data. This makes the NLD approach compatible with both, nucleon and antinucleon Dirac phenomenologies. Furthermore, in nuclear matter an effective mass splitting between nucleons and antinucleons is predicted.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, revised version (minor changes, updated references) to appear in Nucl. Phys. A (2015)
The origin of UV/optical emission in the black hole low-mass X-ray binary Swift J1753.5-0127
Creators: name: Yang, Pengcheng
name: Zhang, Guobao
name: Russell, David M.
name: Gelfand, Joseph D.
name: Méndez, Mariano
name: Wang, Jiancheng
name: Lyu, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emission from the accreting black holes (BHs) in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) covers a broad energy band from radio to X-rays. Studying the correlations between emission in different energy bands during outbursts can provide valuable information about the accretion process. We analyse the simultaneous optical, ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray data of the BH-LMXB Swift J1753.5-0127 during its $\sim$ 12-year long outburst with the {\it Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory}. We find that the UV/optical and X-ray emission are strongly correlated during the hard states of the outburst. We fit the relation with a power-law function $F_{UV/optical} \propto F_{X}^β$ and find that the power-law index $β$ increases from $\sim$ 0.24 to $\sim$ 0.33 as the UV/optical wavelength decreases from $\sim$ 5400 Å (V) to $\sim$ 2030 Å (UVW2). We explore the possible reasons for this and suggest that in Swift J1753.5-0127 the UV/optical emission is dominated by a viscously heated accretion disc at large radii. We find that the data that deviate from the correlation correspond to the low-intensity peaks appeared in the X-ray band during the outburst, and suggest that these deviations are driven by the emission from the inner part of the accretion disc.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted by MNRAS
A cosmological context for compact massive galaxies
Creators: name: Stringer, Martin
name: Trujillo, Ignacio
name: Vecchia, Claudio Dalla
name: Martinez-Valpuesta, Inma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To provide a quantitative cosmological context to ongoing observational work on the formation histories and location of compact massive galaxies, we locate and study a sample of exceptionally compact systems in the Bolshoi simulation, using the dark matter structural parameters from a real, compact massive galaxy (NGC 1277) as a basis for our working criteria. We find that over 80% of objects in this nominal compact category are substructures of more massive groups or clusters, and that the probability of a given massive substructure being this compact increases significantly with the mass of the host structure; rising to ~30% for the most massive clusters in the simulation. Tracking the main progenitors of this subsample back to z=2, we find them all to be distinct structures with scale radii and densities representative of the population as a whole at this epoch. What does characterise their histories, in addition to mostly becoming substructures, is that they have almost all experienced below-average mass accretion since z=2; a third of them barely retaining, or even losing mass during the intervening 10 Gyr.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
(100124) Thomas Davies
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Infrared and Optical Detectability of Dyson Spheres at White Dwarf Stars
Creators: name: Zuckerman, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been hypothesized that advanced technological civilizations will construct giant space colonies and supporting infrastructures to orbit about their home stars. With data from recent satellites that operate at infrared and optical wavelengths (Spitzer, WISE, TESS, Kepler), in company with a few modest assumptions, it is now possible to begin to constrain observationally the frequency of such space-based civilizations in our Milky Way Galaxy.
description: Accepted for MNRAS
Schottky barrier formation and band bending revealed by first principles calculations
Creators: name: Jiao, Yang
name: Hellman, Anders
name: Fang, Yurui
name: Gao, Shiwu
name: Käll, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An atomistic insight into potential barrier formation and band bending at the interface between a metal and an n-type semiconductor is achieved by ab initio simulations and model analysis of a prototype Schottky diode, i.e., niobium doped rutile titania in contact with gold (Au/Nb:TiO$_2$). The local Schottky barrier height is found to vary between 0 and 1.26 eV depending on the position of the dopant. The band bending is caused by a dopant induced dipole field between the interface and the dopant site, whereas the pristine Au/TiO$_2$ interface does not show any band bending. These findings open the possibility for atomic scale optimization of the Schottky barrier and light harvesting in metal-semiconductor nanostructures.
Formation and Abundance of Late Forming Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Amlan
name: Chanda, Prolay K
name: Pandey, Kanhaiya Lal
name: Das, Subinoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel mechanism where Primordial Black Hole (PBH) dark matter is formed much later in the history of the universe between the epoch of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) photon decoupling. In our setup, one does not need to modify the scale-invariant inflationary power spectra; instead, a late phase transition in strongly interacting fermion-scalar fluid (which naturally occurs around red-shift $ 10^6 \leq \, z_{\scriptscriptstyle T} \, \leq 10^8$ ) creates an instability in the density perturbation as sound speed turns imaginary. As a result, the dark matter perturbation grows exponentially in sub-Compton scales. This follows the immediate formation of early dense dark matter halo, which finally evolves into PBH due to cooling through scalar radiation. We calculate the variance of the density perturbations and PBH fractional abundances $f(M)$ by using a non-monochromatic mass function. We find the peak of our PBH mass function lies between $10^{-16} - 10^{-14}$ solar mass for $ z_{\scriptscriptstyle T} \simeq 10^6$, and thus it can be the entire dark matter of the universe. In PBH formation, one would expect a temporary phase where an attractive scalar balances the Fermi pressure. We numerically confirm that such a state indeed exists, and we find the radius and density profile of the temporary static structure of the dark matter halo, which finally evolves to PBH due to cooling through scalar radiation.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, Reference modified, Typos Corrected, Accepted for Publication in Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)