cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Classical shadows meet quantum optimal mass transport
Creators: name: De Palma, Giacomo
name: Klein, Tristan
name: Pastorello, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical shadows constitute a protocol to estimate the expectation values of a collection of M observables acting on O(1) qubits of an unknown n-qubit state with a number of measurements that is independent of n and that grows only logarithmically with M. We propose a local variant of the quantum Wasserstein distance of order 1 of [De Palma et al., IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 67, 6627 (2021)] and prove that the classical shadow obtained measuring O(log n) copies of the state to be learned constitutes an accurate estimate with respect to the proposed distance. We apply the results to quantum generative adversarial networks, showing that quantum access to the state to be learned can be useful only when some prior information on such state is available.
description: 29 pages
Determination of the branching ratio of CH$_3$OH + OH reaction on water ice surface at 10 K
Creators: name: Ishibashi, Atsuki
name: Hidaka, Hiroshi
name: Sameera, W. M. C.
name: Oba, Yasuhiro
name: Watanabe, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CH$_3$O and CH$_2$OH radicals can be important precursors of complex organic molecules (COMs) in interstellar dust. The COMs presumably originating from these radicals were abundantly found in various astronomical objects. Because each radical leads to different types of COMs, determining the abundance ratio of CH$_3$O to CH$_2$OH is crucial for a better understanding of the chemical evolution to various COMs. Recent work suggested that the reaction between CH$_3$OH and OH on ice dust plays an important role in forming CH$_3$O and CH$_2$OH radicals. However, quantitative details on the abundance of these radicals have not been presented to date. Herein, we experimentally determined the branching ratio (CH$_3$O/CH$_2$OH) resulting from the CH$_3$OH + OH reaction on the water ice surface at 10 K to be 4.3 $\pm$ 0.6. Furthermore, the CH$_3$O product in the reaction would participate in subsequent diffusive reactions even at a temperature as low as 10 K. This fact should provide critical information for COMs formation models in cold molecular clouds.
description: Accepted in ApJ; 30 pages, 10 figures, 1 Table
Molecular genetic dissection of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus leads to successful targeted therapy.
Creators: name: Riachi, Melissa
name: Polubothu, Satyamaanasa
name: Stadnik, Paulina
name: Connor, Hughes
name: Martin, Sara Barberan
name: Charman, Carolyn R
name: Cheng, Iek Leng
name: Gholam, Karolina
name: Ogunbiyi, Olumide
name: Paige, David G
name: Sebire, Neil J
name: Pittman, Alan
name: Di, Wei-Li
name: Kinsler, Veronica A
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Genetics & Genomics
Developmental Biology
Tumour Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes

description: No description supplied
Large time asymptotics of growth models on space-like paths I: PushASEP
Creators: name: Borodin, Alexei
name: Ferrari, Patrik L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C22, 60K35, 15A52

description: We consider a new interacting particle system on the one-dimensional lattice that interpolates between TASEP and Toom's model: A particle cannot jump to the right if the neighboring site is occupied, and when jumping to the left it simply pushes all the neighbors that block its way. We prove that for flat and step initial conditions, the large time fluctuations of the height function of the associated growth model along any space-like path are described by the Airy_1 and Airy_2 processes. This includes fluctuations of the height profile for a fixed time and fluctuations of a tagged particle's trajectory as special cases.
description: 48 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX; Final version
CWTS Leiden Ranking Open Edition
Creators: name: Van Eck, Nees Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: bibliometrics
Centre for Science and Technology Studies
CWTS
collaboration
Leiden Ranking
OpenAlex
open access
open data
open research information
scientific impact
university performance
university
ranking

description: Presentation given at the OA Datenpraxis Webinar "Open metadata for university rankings illustrated by the Leiden Ranking" on April 4, 2025.
Towards Kitaev Spin Liquid in 3d Transition Metal Compounds
Creators: name: Liu, Huimei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reviews the current progress on searching the Kitaev spin liquid state in 3d electron systems. Honeycomb cobaltates were recently proposed as promising candidates to realize the Kitaev spin liquid state, due to the more localized wave functions of 3d ions compared with that of 4d and 5d ions, and also the easy tunability of the exchange Hamiltonian in favor of Kitaev interaction. Several key parameters that have large impacts on the exchange constants, such as the charge-transfer gap and the trigonal crystal field, are identified and discussed. Specifically, tuning crystal field effect by means of strain or pressure is emphasized as an efficient phase control method driving the magnetically ordered cobaltates into the spin liquid state. Experimental results suggesting the existence of strong Kitaev interactions in layered honeycomb cobaltates are discussed. Finally, the future research directions are briefly outlined.
description: Review paper
Oxypoda opaca
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Oxypoda
Oxypoda opaca

description: Oxypoda opaca (Gravenhorst, 1802) Fig 21, Map 21 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag River Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1940°N, 67.6800°W, 12.VIII.2004, 23.VI.2006 (2 sex undetermined, RWC). York Co., Charters Settlement, 45.8395°N, 66.7391°W, 16.IV.2005, 27.IV.2005, 29.III.2006, 5.V.2006, 27.IV.2008 (1 ♁, 3 ♀, 1 sex undetermined, RWC); same locality, 18.X.2007 (1 sex undetermined, RWC); same locality, 23.IV.2008 (1 ♁, RWC). Bionomic Notes. Most adults of this adventive species were collected from decaying organic material (decaying fleshy fungi, decaying vegetables (compost), decaying 22 23 24 Figures Į9–24. Į9 Oxypoda lacustris 20 O. lucidula 2Į O. opaca 22 O. vockerothi 23 Tachyusa americana 24 Myllaena ludificans [19, 21, 22, 24, apical part of abdomen removed]. Scale = 1 mm Map 2Į. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Oxypoda opaca. moldy corncobs and cornhusks). One flying individual was collected with a net during the late afternoon (15:00 to 18:00 h) in late April. Adults were collected in late March, April, May, June, August, and October. Collection method: sifting, some collected in flight with net during evening. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB, NS (Klimaszewski et al. 2006; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007).
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on pages 197-199, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Gravenhorst JLC (1802) Coleoptera Microptera Brunsvicensia nec non exoticorum quotquot exstant in collectionibus entomologorum Brunsvicensium in genera familias et species distribuit. 272 pp.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp."]}
Very high energy observations of the BL Lac objects 3C 66A and OJ 287
Creators: name: Lindner, T.
name: Hanna, D. S.
name: Kildea, J.
name: Ball, J.
name: Bramel, D. A.
name: Carson, J.
name: Covault, C. E.
name: Driscoll, D.
name: Fortin, P.
name: Gingrich, D. M.
name: Jarvis, A.
name: Mueller, C.
name: Mukherjee, R.
name: Ong, R. A.
name: Ragan, K.
name: Scalzo, R. A.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Zweerink, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Solar Tower Atmospheric Cherenkov Effect Experiment (STACEE), we have observed the BL Lac objects 3C 66A and OJ 287. These are members of the class of low-frequency-peaked BL Lac objects (LBLs) and are two of the three LBLs predicted by Costamante and Ghisellini to be potential sources of very high energy (>100 GeV) gamma-ray emission. The third candidate, BL Lacertae, has recently been detected by the MAGIC collaboration. Our observations have not produced detections; we calculate a 99% CL upper limit of flux from 3C 66A of 0.15 Crab flux units and from OJ 287 our limit is 0.52 Crab. These limits assume a Crab-like energy spectrum with an effective energy threshold of 185 GeV.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Classification of Supersymmetric Lattice Gauge Theories by Orbifolding
Creators: name: Damgaard, Poul H.
name: Matsuura, So
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a general classification of supersymmetric lattice gauge theories that can be obtained from orbifolding of theories with four and eight supercharges. We impose at least one preserved supercharge on the lattice and Lorentz invariance in the naive continuum limit. Starting with four supercharges, we obtain one two-dimensional lattice gauge theory, identical to the one already given in the literature. Starting with eight supercharges, we obtain a unique three-dimensional lattice gauge theory and infinitely many two-dimensional lattice theories. They can be classified according to seven distinct groups, five of which have two preserved supercharges while the others have only one.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX2e, typos corrected, added discussion about supersymmetry transformations
Relating Wigner's Friend Scenarios to Nonclassical Causal Compatibility, Monogamy Relations, and Fine Tuning
Creators: name: Yīng, Yìlè
name: Ansanelli, Marina Maciel
name: Di Biagio, Andrea
name: Wolfe, Elie
name: Schmid, David
name: Cavalcanti, Eric Gama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonclassical causal modeling was developed in order to explain violations of Bell inequalities while adhering to relativistic causal structure and faithfulness -- that is, avoiding fine-tuned causal explanations. Recently, a no-go theorem that can be viewed as being stronger than Bell's theorem has been derived, based on extensions of the Wigner's friend thought experiment: the Local Friendliness (LF) no-go theorem. Here we show that the LF no-go theorem poses formidable challenges for the field of causal modeling, even when nonclassical and/or cyclic causal explanations are considered. We first recast the LF inequalities, one of the key elements of the LF no-go theorem, as special cases of monogamy relations stemming from a statistical marginal problem. We then further recast LF inequalities as causal compatibility inequalities stemming from a nonclassical causal marginal problem, for a causal structure implied by well-motivated causal-metaphysical assumptions. We find that the LF inequalities emerge from this causal structure even when one allows the latent causes of observed events to admit post-quantum descriptions, such as in a generalized probabilistic theory or in an even more exotic theory. We further prove that no nonclassical causal model can explain violations of LF inequalities without violating the No Fine-Tuning principle. Finally, we note that these obstacles cannot be overcome even if one appeals to cyclic causal models, and we discuss potential directions for further extensions of the causal modeling framework.
description: 16+5 pages, 9 figures. Accepted in Quantum
Oxypoda vockerothi Klimaszewski 2006
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Oxypoda
Oxypoda vockerothi

description: Oxypoda vockerothi Klimaszewski et al., 2006a Fig 22, Map 22 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag River Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1964°N, 67.6340°W, 31.V.2005, M.-A. Giguère and R.P. Webster (1 ♁, RWC); near Hovey Hill Protected Area, 46.1152°N, 67.7632°W, 10.V.2005 (1 ♀, RWC). York Co., W of Canterbury near “ Browns Mountain Fen”, 45.9033°N, 67.6260°W, 2.V.2005, 29.IV.2006, M.-A. Giguère and R.P. Webster (1 ♁, 2 ♀, RWC); Charters Settlement, 45.8340°N, 66.7450°W, 21.V.2006, 5.V.2008 (1 ♁, 2 ♀, RWC). Bionomic Notes. Oxypoda vockerothi was collected in moist leaf litter along margins of vernal ponds in mixed forests, mixed forests with eastern white cedar, and in a hardwood forest. Nothing was previously known about the bionomics of this species. Adults were collected during April and May. Collection method: sifting. Map 22. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Oxypoda vockerothi. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2006; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007). Oxypoda vockerothi was previously known only from the type locality, Marmora, Ontario, Canada. Th e above records indicate that this species is more widely distributed in Canada.
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on pages 199-200, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Klimaszewski J, Pelletier G, Germain C, Work T, Hebert C. (2006 a) Review of Oxypoda species in Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics, and distribution. Th e Canadian Entomologist 138: 737 - 852.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp."]}
Charge-Density-Wave State in Extremely Overdoped Cuprates Driven by Phonons
Creators: name: Liu, Jiarui
name: Li, Shaozhi
name: Huang, Edwin
name: Wang, Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent resonant x-ray scattering (RXS) experiments revealed a novel charge order in extremely overdoped La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ (LSCO) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 131,116002]. The observed charge order appears around the $(π/3,0)$ wavevector, distinct from the well-known stripe fluctuations near 1/8 doping, and persists from cryogenic temperatures to room temperature. To investigate the origin of this charge order in the overdoped regime, we use determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) simulations to examine correlated models with various interactions. We demonstrate that this distinctive CDW originates from remnant correlations in extremely overdoped cuprates, with its specific pattern shaped by interactions beyond the Hubbard model, particularly electron-phonon couplings. The persistence of the $(π/3,0)$ wavevector across different doping levels indicates the presence of nonlocal couplings. Our study reveals the significant role of phonons in cuprates, which assist correlated electrons in the formation of unconventional phases.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Fossil and present-day stromatolite ooids contain a meteoritic polymer of glycine and iron
Creators: name: McGeoch, Julie E M
name: Frommelt, Anton J
name: Owen, Robin L
name: Cinque, Gianfelice
name: McClelland, Arthur
name: Lageson, David
name: McGeoch, Malcolm W
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Hemoglycin, a space polymer of glycine and iron, has been identified in the carbonaceous chondritic meteorites Allende, Acfer 086, Kaba, Sutters Mill and Orgueil. Its core form has a mass of 1494Da and is basically an antiparallel pair of polyglycine strands linked at each end by an iron atom. The polymer forms two- and three- dimensional lattices with an inter-vertex distance of 4.9nm. Here the extraction technique for meteorites is applied to a 2.1Gya fossil stromatolite to reveal the presence of hemoglycin by mass spectrometry. Intact ooids from a recent (3,000Ya) stromatolite exhibited the same visible hemoglycin fluorescence in response to x-rays as an intact crystal from the Orgueil meteorite. X-ray analysis confirmed the existence in ooids of an internal 3-dimensional lattice of 4.9nm inter-vertex spacing, matching the spacing of lattices in meteoritic crystals. FTIR measurements of acid-treated ooid and a Sutters Mill meteoritic crystal both show the presence, via the splitting of the Amide I band, of an extended anti-parallel beta sheet structure. It seems probable that the copious in-fall of carbonaceous meteoritic material, from Archaean times onward, has left traces of hemoglycin in sedimentary carbonates and potentially has influenced ooid formation.
description: 45 pages 16 Figure 8 Tables
Regularity of solutions to higher-order integrals of the calculus of variations
Creators: name: Ammi, Moulay Rchid Sidi
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49N60; 49J30; 49K05

description: We obtain new regularity conditions for problems of calculus of variations with higher-order derivatives. As a corollary, we get non-occurrence of the Lavrentiev phenomenon. Our main regularity result asserts that autonomous integral functionals with a Lagrangian having coercive partial derivatives with respect to the higher-order derivatives admit only minimizers with essentially bounded derivatives.
Social, Economic and political factors influencing the supply and demand of foreign domestic workers
Creators: name: Devan, Mary Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis addresses the issue of foreign domestic workers. The government of Canada has been involved in the recruitment of people to perform domestic service for households since the turn of the century. The devaluation of domestic labour and increasing employment opportunities for Canadian women resulted in a constant shortage of labour to fill the demand. A variety of programs have been initiated to solve the "servant problem" culminating in the Foreign Domestic Movement in 1981. Within this policy foreign domestics are classified as a category of migrant labour and, as such, are formally denied citizenship rights. The majority of workers who come to Canada as foreign domestics under this program are Filipino women. These women often migrate to Canada as domestic workers due to limited options for employment in their home country. Their need to remain in Canada due to limited options in the Philippines, the lack of political rights in Canada, and the restrictions placed on workers who enter Canada under the Foreign Domestic Movement combine to situate these women in a position of dependence and vulnerability. In addition, live-in domestics perform devalued labour within an isolated work setting, and are often not included within provincial labour standards. These conditions keep wages depressed and lessen the ability to bargain for improved conditions of employment. The thesis problem is examined within an historic context. In addition to a literature review of the specific topic and related areas of gender and migrant labour, the data are from Statistics Canada, Employment and Immigration and the Special Collections Division of the University of British Columbia. The data shows : the labour market activity of Canadian women, the shift away from domestic service as other alternatives became open, the increasing number of dual income earning families, and the number of foreign domestics recruited to provide domestic service for Canadian households. Interviews with a variety of people draw out the particular factors leading to the reasons for the supply and demand of this group of workers. In addition, the interviews point to specific problems frequently experienced by women who work as live-in domestics.
On matrix type corings, algebra coverings and Cech cohomology
Creators: name: Sitarz, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R60, 16W30; 16D99

description: We investigate the a matrix-type coring associated to a complete covering of an algebra, its Amitsur complex and propose a definition for the related Cech cohomology relative to the covering.
Learning characteristic parameters and dynamics of centrifugal pumps under multiphase flow using physics-informed neural networks
Creators: name: Carvalho, Felipe de Castro Teixeira
name: Nath, Kamaljyoti
name: Serpa, Alberto Luiz
name: Karniadakis, George Em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are prevalently utilized as artificial lift systems in the oil and gas industry. These pumps frequently encounter multiphase flows comprising a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, water, and sediments. Such mixtures lead to the formation of emulsions, characterized by an effective viscosity distinct from that of the individual phases. Traditional multiphase flow meters, employed to assess these conditions, are burdened by high operational costs and susceptibility to degradation. To this end, this study introduces a physics-informed neural network (PINN) model designed to indirectly estimate the fluid properties, dynamic states, and crucial parameters of an ESP system. A comprehensive structural and practical identifiability analysis was performed to delineate the subset of parameters that can be reliably estimated through the use of intake and discharge pressure measurements from the pump. The efficacy of the PINN model was validated by estimating the unknown states and parameters using these pressure measurements as input data. Furthermore, the performance of the PINN model was benchmarked against the particle filter method utilizing both simulated and experimental data across varying water content scenarios. The comparative analysis suggests that the PINN model holds significant potential as a viable alternative to conventional multiphase flow meters, offering a promising avenue for enhancing operational efficiency and reducing costs in ESP applications.
Thermally driven fluid convection in the incompressible limit regime
Creators: name: Fanelli, Francesco
name: Feireisl, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a scaled Navier--Stokes--Fourier system describing the motion of a compressible, heat-conducting, viscous fluid driven by inhomogeneous boundary temperature distribution together with the gravitational force of a massive object placed outside the fluid. We identify the limit system in the low Mach/low Froude number regime for the ill prepared initial data. The fluid is confined to a bounded cavity with acoustically hard boundary enhancing reflection of acoustic waves.
description: Submitted
The 1 keV to 200 keV X-ray Spectrum of NGC 2992 and NGC 3081
Creators: name: Beckmann, Volker
name: Gehrels, Neil
name: Tueller, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Seyfert 2 galaxies NGC 2992 and NGC 3081 have been observed by INTEGRAL and Swift. We report about the results and the comparison of the spectrum above 10 keV based on INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI, Swift/BAT, and BeppoSAX/PDS. A spectrum can be extracted in the X-ray energy band ranging from 1 keV up to 200 keV. Although NGC 2992 shows a complex spectrum below 10 keV, the hard tail observed by various missions exhibits a slope with photon index = 2, independent on the flux level during the observation. No cut-off is detectable up to the detection limit around 200 keV. In addition, NGC 3081 is detected in the INTEGRAL and Swift observation and also shows an unbroken Gamma = 1.8 spectrum up to 150 keV. These two Seyfert galaxies give further evidence that a high-energy cut-off in the hard X-ray spectra is often located at energies E_C >> 100 keV. In NGC 2992 a constant spectral shape is observed over a hard X-ray luminosity variation by a factor of 11. This might indicate that the physical conditions of the emitting hot plasma are constant, while the amount of plasma varies, due to long-term flaring activity.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Open-Vocabulary Animal Keypoint Detection with Semantic-feature Matching
Creators: name: Zhang, Hao
name: Xu, Lumin
name: Lai, Shenqi
name: Shao, Wenqi
name: Zheng, Nanning
name: Luo, Ping
name: Qiao, Yu
name: Zhang, Kaipeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current image-based keypoint detection methods for animal (including human) bodies and faces are generally divided into full-supervised and few-shot class-agnostic approaches. The former typically relies on laborious and time-consuming manual annotations, posing considerable challenges in expanding keypoint detection to a broader range of keypoint categories and animal species. The latter, though less dependent on extensive manual input, still requires necessary support images with annotation for reference during testing. To realize zero-shot keypoint detection without any prior annotation, we introduce the Open-Vocabulary Keypoint Detection (OVKD) task, which is innovatively designed to use text prompts for identifying arbitrary keypoints across any species. In pursuit of this goal, we have developed a novel framework named Open-Vocabulary Keypoint Detection with Semantic-feature Matching (KDSM). This framework synergistically combines vision and language models, creating an interplay between language features and local keypoint visual features. KDSM enhances its capabilities by integrating Domain Distribution Matrix Matching (DDMM) and other special modules, such as the Vision-Keypoint Relational Awareness (VKRA) module, improving the framework's generalizability and overall performance.Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that KDSM significantly outperforms the baseline in terms of performance and achieves remarkable success in the OVKD task.Impressively, our method, operating in a zero-shot fashion, still yields results comparable to state-of-the-art few-shot species class-agnostic keypoint detection methods.We will make the source code publicly accessible.
description: Accepted by International Journal of Computer Vision
MOESM1 of A potential distribution map of wintering Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain, China
Creators: name: An, An
name: Zhang, Yong
name: Cao, Lei
name: Jia, Qiang
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of selected environmental variables.
Reply to Shvaika et al.: Presence of a boson peak in anharmonic phonon models with Akhiezer-type damping
Creators: name: Baggioli, Matteo
name: Zaccone, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reply to the Comment by Svhaika, Ruocco, Schirmacher and collaborators. There were two accidental mistakes in our original paper (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 145501 (2019)), which have been now corrected. All the physical conclusions and results of the original paper, including the prediction of boson peak due to anharmonicity, remain valid in the corrected version.
description: Reply to Ruocco et al. (arXiv:2104.13076). We thank the authors of arXiv:2104.13076 for pointing out the mathematical mistakes in (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 145501 (2019)) and for motivating us to revisit our analysis. Mathematica file downloadable by all interested readers who wish to check our calculations
Laser cooling of positronium
Creators: name: Shu, K.
name: Tajima, Y.
name: Uozumi, R.
name: Miyamoto, N.
name: Shiraishi, S.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Ishida, A.
name: Yamada, K.
name: Gladen, R. W.
name: Namba, T.
name: Asai, S.
name: Wada, K.
name: Mochizuki, I.
name: Hyodo, T.
name: Ito, K.
name: Michishio, K.
name: O'Rourke, B. E.
name: Oshima, N.
name: Yoshioka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When laser radiation is skilfully applied, atoms and molecules can be cooled allowing precise measurements and control of quantum systems. This is essential in fundamental studies of physics as well as practical applications such as precision spectroscopy, quantum-statistical-property manifesting ultracold gases, and quantum computing. In laser cooling, repeated cycles of laser photon absorption and direction-independent spontaneous emission can slow atoms and molecules to otherwise unattainable velocities. Simple systems can provide a rigorous testing ground for fundamental theories of physics; one such system is the purely leptonic positronium, an exotic atom of an electron and its antiparticle, the positron. However, the cooling of positronium has hitherto remained unrealised. Here, we demonstrate laser cooling of positronium. A novel laser system of a train of broadband pulses with successively increasing central frequencies was used to overcome major challenges presented by the short lifetime of positronium and the significant Doppler broadening and recoil as a consequence of its very light mass. One-dimensional chirp cooling of the dilute positronium gas in a counter-propagating configuration gave a final velocity distribution corresponding to approximately 1 K in a short time of 100 ns. This study on a pure leptonic system is a major step in the field of low-temperature fundamental physics of antimatter, and is complementary to the laser cooling of antihydrogen, a hadron-containing exotic atom. Progress in this field is vital in elucidating the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. The application of laser cooling to positronium may afford a unique opportunity to rigorously test bound-state quantum electrodynamics. Moreover, laser cooling of positronium is key to the realisation of Bose-Einstein condensation in this matter-antimatter system.
Nonequilibrium Probability Currents in Optically-Driven Colloidal Suspensions
Creators: name: Thapa, Samudrajit
name: Zaretzky, Daniel
name: Vatash, Ron
name: Gradziuk, Grzegorz
name: Broedersz, Chase
name: Shokef, Yair
name: Roichman, Yael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of directional motion it is often hard to recognize athermal fluctuations. Probability currents provide such a measure in terms of the rate at which they enclose area in the reduced phase space. We measure this area enclosing rate for trapped colloidal particles, where only one particle is driven. By combining experiment, theory, and simulation, we single out the effect of the different time scales in the system on the measured probability currents. In this controlled experimental setup, particles interact hydrodynamically. These interactions lead to a strong spatial dependence of the probability currents and to a local influence of athermal agitation. In a multiple-particle system, we show that even when the driving acts only on one particle, probability currents occur between other, non-driven particles. This may have significant implications for the interpretation of fluctuations in biological systems containing elastic networks in addition to a suspending fluid.
description: Submission to SciPost Physics
Multi-phase outflows in post starburst E+A galaxies -- I. General sample properties and the prevalence of obscured starbursts
Creators: name: Baron, Dalya
name: Netzer, Hagai
name: Lutz, Dieter
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Davies, Ric I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: E+A galaxies are believed to be a short phase connecting major merger ULIRGs with red and dead elliptical galaxies. Their optical spectrum suggests a massive starburst that was quenched abruptly, and their bulge-dominated morphologies with tidal tails suggest that they are merger remnants. AGN-driven winds are believed to be one of the processes responsible for the sudden quenching of star formation and for the expulsion and/or destruction of the remaining molecular gas. Little is known about AGN-driven winds in this short-lived phase. In this paper we present the first and unique sample of post starburst galaxy candidates with AGN that show indications of ionized outflows in their optical emission lines. Using IRAS-FIR observations, we study the star formation in these systems and find that many systems selected to have post starburst signatures in their optical spectrum are in fact obscured starbursts. Using SDSS spectroscopy, we study the stationary and outflowing ionized gas. We also detect neutral gas outflows in 40\% of the sources with mass outflow rates 10--100 times more massive than in the ionized phase. The mean mass outflow rate and kinetic power of the ionized outflows in our sample ($\dot{M}\sim 1\, \mathrm{M_{\odot}/yr}$, $\dot{E}\sim 10^{41}\, \mathrm{erg/sec}$) are larger than those derived for active galaxies of similar AGN luminosity and stellar mass. For the neutral outflow ($\dot{M}\sim 10\, \mathrm{M_{\odot}/yr}$, $\dot{E}\sim 10^{42}\, \mathrm{erg/sec}$), their mean is smaller than that observed in (U)LIRGs with and without AGN.
Achieving Single-Electron Sensitivity at Enhanced Speed in Fully-Depleted CCDs with Double-Gate MOSFETs
Creators: name: Sofo-Haro, Miguel
name: Donlon, Kevan
name: Estrada, Juan
name: Holland, Steve
name: Fahim, Farah
name: Leitz, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new output amplifier for fully-depleted thick p-channel CCDs based on double-gate MOSFETs. The charge amplifier is an n-type MOSFET specifically designed and operated to couple the fully-depleted CCD with high charge-transfer efficiency. The junction coupling between the CCD and MOSFET channels has enabled high sensitivity, demonstrating sub-electron readout noise in one pixel charge measurement. We have also demonstrated the non-destructive readout capability of the device. Achieving single-electron and single-photon per pixel counting in the entire CCD pixel array has been made possible through the averaging of a small number of samples. We have demonstrated fully-depleted CCD readout with better performance than the floating diffusion and floating gate amplifiers available today, in both single and multisampling regimes, boasting at least six times the speed of floating gate amplifiers.
Dispersion of Observed Position Angles of Submillimeter Polarization in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Novak, G.
name: Dotson, J. L.
name: Li, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One can estimate the characteristic magnetic field strength in GMCs by comparing submillimeter polarimetric observations of these sources with simulated polarization maps developed using a range of different values for the assumed field strength. The point of comparison is the degree of order in the distribution of polarization position angles. In a recent paper by H. Li and collaborators, such a comparison was carried out using SPARO observations of two GMCs, and employing simulations by E. Ostriker and collaborators. Here we reexamine this same question, using the same data set and the same simulations, but using an approach that differs in several respects. The most important difference is that we incorporate new, higher angular resolution observations for one of the clouds, obtained using the Hertz polarimeter. We conclude that the agreement between observations and simulations is best when the total magnetic energy (including both uniform and fluctuating field components) is at least as large as the turbulent kinetic energy.
description: revised, accepted version; to appear in The Astrophysical Journal; 20 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Uncovering the topology of configuration space networks
Creators: name: Gfeller, David
name: Rios, Paolo De Los
name: de Lachapelle, David Morton
name: Caldarelli, Guido
name: Rao, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The configuration space network (CSN) of a dynamical system is an effective approach to represent the ensemble of configurations sampled during a simulation and their dynamic connectivity. To elucidate the connection between the CSN topology and the underlying free-energy landscape governing the system dynamics and thermodynamics, an analytical soluti on is provided to explain the heavy tail of the degree distribution, neighbor co nnectivity and clustering coefficient. This derivation allows to understand the universal CSN network topology observed in systems ranging from a simple quadratic well to the native state of the beta3s peptide and a 2D lattice heteropolymer. Moreover CSN are shown to fall in the general class of complex networks describe d by the fitness model.
description: 6 figures
Tracking the distance to criticality in systems with unknown noise
Creators: name: Harris, Brendan
name: Gollo, Leonardo L.
name: Fulcher, Ben D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 37M10 (Primary), 37M20 (Secondary)

description: Many real-world systems undergo abrupt changes in dynamics as they move across critical points, often with dramatic consequences. Much existing theory on identifying the time-series signatures of nearby critical points -- such as increased variance and slower timescales -- is derived for the case of fixed, low-amplitude noise. However, real-world systems are often corrupted by unknown levels of noise that can distort these temporal signatures. Here we aimed to develop noise-robust indicators of the distance to criticality (DTC) for systems affected by dynamical noise in two cases: when the noise amplitude is fixed, or is unknown and variable across recordings. To approach this problem, we compare the ability of over 7000 candidate time-series features to track the DTC in the vicinity of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. We recover existing theory in the fixed-noise case, highlighting conventional time-series features that accurately track the DTC. But in the variable-noise setting, where these conventional indicators perform poorly, we highlight new types of high-performing time-series features and show that their success is accomplished by capturing the shape of the invariant density (which depends on both the DTC and the noise amplitude) relative to the spread of fast fluctuations (which depends on the noise amplitude). We introduce a new high-performing time-series statistic, the Rescaled Auto-Density (RAD), that combines these two algorithmic components. We then use RAD to provide new evidence that brain regions higher in the visual hierarchy are positioned closer to criticality, supporting existing hypotheses about patterns of brain organization that are not detected using conventional metrics of the DTC. Our results demonstrate how large-scale algorithmic comparison can yield theoretical insights that can motivate new theory and interpretable algorithms for real-world problems.
description: The main paper comprises 25 pages, with 6 figures (.pdf). The supplemental material comprises a single 5-page document with 2 figures (.pdf), as well as 3 spreadsheet files (.xls)
Propagation equations for deformable test bodies with microstructure in extended theories of gravity
Creators: name: Puetzfeld, Dirk
name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the equations of motion in metric-affine gravity by making use of the conservation laws obtained from Noether's theorem. The results are given in the form of propagation equations for the multipole decomposition of the matter sources in metric-affine gravity, i.e., the canonical energy-momentum current and the hypermomentum current. In particular, the propagation equations allow for a derivation of the equations of motion of test particles in this generalized gravity theory, and allow for direct identification of the couplings between the matter currents and the gauge gravitational field strengths of the theory, namely, the curvature, the torsion, and the nonmetricity. We demonstrate that the possible non-Riemannian spacetime geometry can only be detected with the help of the test bodies that are formed of matter with microstructure. Ordinary gravitating matter, i.e., matter without microscopic internal degrees of freedom, can probe only the Riemannian spacetime geometry. Thereby, we generalize previous results of general relativity and Poincare gauge theory.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure, matches published version including the erratum in Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 069902(E)
Nucleon electroweak form factors using spin-improved holographic light-front wavefunctions
Creators: name: Ahmady, Mohammad
name: Chakrabarti, Dipankar
name: Mondal, Chandan
name: Sandapen, Ruben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct spin-improved holographic light front wavefunctions for the nucleons (viewed as quark-diquark systems) and use them to successfully predict their electromagnetic Sachs form factors, their electromagnetic charge radii, as well as the axial form factor, charge and radius of the proton. The confinement scale is the universal mass scale of light-front holography, previously extracted from spectroscopic data for light hadrons. With the Dirac and Pauli form factors normalized using the quark counting rules and the measured anomalous magnetic moments respectively, the masses of the quark and diquark are the only remaining adjustable parameters. We fix them using the data set for the proton's Dirac-to-Pauli form factor ratio, and then predict all other data without any further adjustments of parameters. Agreement with data at low momentum-transfer is excellent. Our findings support the idea that light (pseudoscalar and vector) mesons and the nucleons share a nonperturbative universal holographic light-front wavefunction which is modified differently by their spin structures.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; minor modifications to the text, accepted by Nuclear Physics A
Twisted Dirac Operators over Quantum Spheres
Creators: name: Sitarz, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58B34, 17B37

description: We construct new families of spectral triples over quantum spheres, with a particular attention focused on the standard Podles quantum sphere and twisted Dirac operators.
description: 17 pages
Time-dependent conformal transformations and the propagator for quadratic systems
Creators: name: Zhao, Q. -L.
name: Zhang, P. -M.
name: Horvathy, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method proposed by Inomata and his collaborators allows us to transform a damped Caldiroli-Kanai oscillator with time-dependent frequency to one with constant frequency and no friction by redefining the time variable, obtained by solving a Ermakov-Milne-Pinney equation. Their mapping ``Eisenhart-Duval'' lifts as a conformal transformation between two appropriate Bargmann spaces. The quantum propagator is calculated also by bringing the quadratic system to free form by another time-dependent Bargmann-conformal transformation which generalizes the one introduced before by Niederer and is related to the mapping proposed by Arnold. Our approach allows us to extend the Maslov phase correction to arbitrary time-dependent frequency. The method is illustrated by the Mathieu profile.
description: This paper celebrates the 90th birthday of Akira Inomata. 28 pages, 5 figures. Matches published version
On the combined gravity gradient modeling for applied geophysics
Creators: name: Veryaskin, Alexey
name: McRae, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravity gradiometry research and development has intensified in recent years to the extent that technologies providing a resolution of about 1 Eotvos per 1 sec average shall likely soon be available for multiple critical applications such as natural resources exploration, oil reservoir monitoring and defence establishment. Much of the content of this paper was composed a decade ago, and only minor modifications were required for the conclusions to be just as applicable today. In this paper we demonstrate how gravity gradient data can be modeled, and show some examples of how gravity gradient data can be combined in order to extract valuable information. In particular, this study demonstrates the importance of two gravity gradient components, Txz and Tyz which, when processed together, can provide more information on subsurface density contrasts than that derived solely from the vertical gravity gradient (Tzz).
description: 17 pages,11 figures, this version has been modified for publication in the Journal of Geophysics and Engineering