cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Health of Newly Arrived Immigrants in Canada and the United States: Differential Selection on Health
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
name: Kaushal, Neeraj
name: Denier, Nicole
name: Wang, Julia Shu-Huah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Immigrants
Immigrants--Health and hygiene
Emigration and immigration

description: Canada and the U.S. are two major immigrant-receiving countries characterized by different immigration policies and health care systems. The present study examines whether immigrant health selection, or the "healthy immigrant effect", differs by destination and what factors may account for differences in immigrant health selection. We use 12 years of U.S. National Health Interview Survey and Canadian Community Health Survey data to compare the risks of overweight/obesity and chronic health conditions among new immigrants in the two countries. Results suggest a more positive health selection of immigrants to Canada than the U.S. Specifically, newly arrived U.S. immigrants are more likely to be overweight or obese and have serious chronic health conditions than their Canadian counterparts. The difference in overweight/obesity was explained by differences in source regions and educational levels of immigrants across the two countries. But this is not the case for serious chronic conditions. These results suggest that immigration-related policies can potentially shape immigrant health selection.
Pure Gaussian state generation via dissipation: A quantum stochastic differential equation approach
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the complete characterization of a general Gaussian dissipative system having a unique pure steady state was obtained in [Koga and Yamamoto 2012, Phys. Rev. A 85, 022103]. This result provides a clear guideline for engineering an environment such that the dissipative system has a desired pure steady state such as a cluster state. In this paper, we describe the system in terms of a quantum stochastic differential equation (QSDE) so that the environment channels can be explicitly dealt with. Then a physical meaning of that characterization, which cannot be seen without the QSDE representation, is clarified; more specifically, the nullifier dynamics of any Gaussian system generating a unique pure steady state is passive. In addition, again based on the QSDE framework, we provide a general and practical method to implement a desired dissipative Gaussian system, which has a structure of quantum state transfer.
description: 15 pages in the single column format, to appear in Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A
title: Creativity in Dental Hygiene Students and Dental Hygiene Professionals
Creators: name: Jarrett, Frances Lynne
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1977

description: The purpose of this investigation was to examine creativity in dental hygiene students, dental hygiene educators, and dental hygiene practitioners.

Torrance's creativity test, What Kind of Person Are You?, was used to measure creativity in a convenience sample of 231 subjects. Data were organized according to ex post facto research design utilizing educational and occupational status as the non-manipulated independent ,, variables, and What Kind of Person Are You? creativity scores as the dependent variables. The statistical tests, analysis of variance and chi-square were employed to analyze data for significant differences between and among the mean scores of all sample groups.

Results revealed (a) no significant differences among aspiring, first year, and second year dental hygiene students in creativity scores; and (b) a significant difference between dental hygiene practitioners and dental hygiene educators in creativity scores, p=<0.01.
title: Dynamics And Regimes Of The Baltic Proper Food Web, Linking Time Series Analysis With Modelling
Creators: name: Niiranen, S.
name: Tomczak, T. M.
name: Hjerne, O.
name: Blencker, T.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Marine ecosystems are currently under strong atmospheric and anthropogenic pressure, as overfishing, climate and eutrophication are significantly affecting ecosystem structure and function. Several studies propose ecosystem regime shifts induced by multiple causes, e.g. climatic regime shifts, overexploitation or a combination of both. This has important management implications as they can cause significant losses of ecological services. Also the Baltic Sea, the largest brackish water body in the world ocean is strongly affected by atmospheric and anthropogenic drivers. In recent years climate-induced changes in temperature and salinity, eutrophication and high fishing pressure have had severe impacts on the entire Baltic. To assess changes in the structure and function of the ecosystem we have analysed the Central Baltic Sea food web dynamics with statistical and a dynamic models. Here we were interested on the impact of external forcing on the past food web changes, and more specifically the mechanisms behind the latest regime shift (late 1980s). From time series analyses, cause-effect relationships were detected between spring sea surface water temperature and the zooplankton biomasses of Acartia sp. and Temora sp.. Further, the also earlier published relationship between annual mean salinity and Pseudocalanus spp. could be found
On the anomalous t-quark charge asymmetry and noncontractibility of the physical space
Creators: name: Palle, Davor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy flavour production at hadron colliders represents a very promising field to test perturbative QCD. The integrated forward-backward asymmetry of the top-antitop quark production is particularly sensitive to any deviation from the standard QCD calculations. The two Tevatron collaborations, CDF and D0, reported a much larger t-quark charge asymmetry than predicted by the theory. We show that the QCD in noncontractible space, where the minimal distance is fixed by weak interactions, enhances the asymmetry by more than a factor of 3 (5) at the parton level in leading order of the coupling for the Tevatron (LHC) center of mass energies. This result should not be a surprise since the asymmetry observable directly explores the far ultraviolet sector of the spacelike domain of the Minkowski spacetime.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables, 13 references; v2: eq. numbers added; v3: published version
Bayesian approach to gravitational lens model selection: constraining H_0 with a selected sample of strong lenses
Creators: name: Balmès, Irène
name: Corasaniti, Pier-Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian model selection methods provide a self-consistent probabilistic framework to test the validity of competing scenarios given a set of data. We present a case study application to strong gravitational lens parametric models. Our goal is to select a homogeneous lens subsample suitable for cosmological parameter inference. To this end we apply a Bayes factor analysis to a synthetic catalog of 500 lenses with power-law potential and external shear. For simplicity we focus on double-image lenses (the largest fraction of lens in the simulated sample) and select a subsample for which astrometry and time-delays provide strong evidence for a simple power-law model description. Through a likelihood analysis we recover the input value of the Hubble constant to within 3σstatistical uncertainty. We apply this methodology to a sample of double image lensed quasars. In the case of B1600+434, SBS 1520+530 and SDSS J1650+4251 the Bayes' factor analysis favors a simple power-law model description with high statistical significance. Assuming a flat \LambdaCDM cosmology, the combined likelihood data analysis of such systems gives the Hubble constant H_0=76+15-5 km/s/Mpc having marginalized over the lens model parameters, the cosmic matter density and consistently propagated the observational errors on the angular position of the images. The next generation of cosmic structure surveys will provide larger lens datasets and the method described here can be particularly useful to select homogeneous lens subsamples adapted to perform unbiased cosmological parameter inference
description: 13 pages; 13 figures; includes Bayesian analysis of a synthetic lens catalog generated with GRAVLENS, several additional results; matches MNRAS accepted version
Applying L2 Vocabulary Research Findings to Classroom Teaching
Creators: name: Kang, Eun Young
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Applied linguistics
Second language acquisition
Language and languages--Study and teaching
Language and education

description: Since the late ′60s, the field of second language acquisition (SLA) has grown enormously. Throughout its development, SLA researchers have investigated a wide range of issues including the processes involved in second language learning, as well as the psycholinguistic, affective and social factors that influence its success or failure (Spada, 2014). In light of SLA’s relevance and applicability to language teaching, recently a growing number of researchers have taken an interest in second language (L2) learning in classroom settings (Spada, 2014). The term Instructed SLA (ISLA) is currently used to indicate “theory and research that pertain directly to the L2 classroom” (Loewen, 2014, p. 1). One of the main goals of ISLA is to examine which particular types of instruction are more pedagogically effective for a particular learning target. In this short commentary, this question will be investigated in the domain of vocabulary learning. Accordingly, research on instructed vocabulary learning will be briefly reviewed to reveal several insights pertaining to L2 vocabulary pedagogy.
Extremely high-intensity laser interactions with fundamental quantum systems
Creators: name: Di Piazza, A.
name: Müller, C.
name: Hatsagortsyan, K. Z.
name: Keitel, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of laser-matter interaction traditionally deals with the response of atoms, molecules and plasmas to an external light wave. However, the recent sustained technological progress is opening up the possibility of employing intense laser radiation to trigger or substantially influence physical processes beyond atomic-physics energy scales. Available optical laser intensities exceeding $10^{22}\;\text{W/cm$^2$}$ can push the fundamental light-electron interaction to the extreme limit where radiation-reaction effects dominate the electron dynamics, can shed light on the structure of the quantum vacuum, and can trigger the creation of particles like electrons, muons and pions and their corresponding antiparticles. Also, novel sources of intense coherent high-energy photons and laser-based particle colliders can pave the way to nuclear quantum optics and may even allow for potential discovery of new particles beyond the Standard Model. These are the main topics of the present article, which is devoted to a review of recent investigations on high-energy processes within the realm of relativistic quantum dynamics, quantum electrodynamics, nuclear and particle physics, occurring in extremely intense laser fields.
description: 58 pages, 26 figures, version accepted by Reviews of Modern Physics
Distinct Quantum States Can Be Compatible with a Single State of Reality
Creators: name: Lewis, Peter G.
name: Jennings, David
name: Barrett, Jonathan
name: Rudolph, Terry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Perhaps the quantum state represents information about reality, and not reality directly. Wave function collapse is then possibly no more mysterious than a Bayesian update of a probability distribution given new data. We consider models for quantum systems with measurement outcomes determined by an underlying physical state of the system but where several quantum states are consistent with a single underlying state---i.e., probability distributions for distinct quantum states overlap. Significantly, we demonstrate by example that additional assumptions are always necessary to rule out such a model.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
INNOVATSION YONDASHUV ASOSIDA OLIY TA'LIM IMIDJINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISHNING INSTITUTSIONAL ASOSLARI
Creators: name: Yo'ldosheva, Gulhayyo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqola innovatsion yondashuv asosida oliy ta’lim muassasalarining imidjini takomillashtirishning institutsional asoslarini tahlil qiladi. Oliy ta’lim tizimining imidji va brendi, uning raqobatbardoshligini oshirishda muhim ahamiyatga ega bo‘lib, bu masala zamonaviy ta’lim texnologiyalari va metodlarining joriy etilishi orqali amalga oshiriladi. Maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida innovatsion yondashuvlarning samarali qo‘llanilishi, yangi pedagogik texnologiyalar, ilmiy izlanishlar va xalqaro hamkorlikni rivojlantirishning roliga alohida e’tibor qaratilgan.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR IMAGE SEGMENTATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Creators: name: Markjoe Olunna UBA
name: MIKULA, Karol
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: partial differential equations, image segmentation

description: We present an overview of the methods for image segmentation of biological data, like images of cells in developing Zebra fish embryo. The segmentation is based on level set formulation of curves and surface evolution which leads to nonlinear advection-diffusion

partial differential equations. These equations are discretized by finite volume method and the numerical schemes are efficiently implemented in the computer. The computational results of real world biological images are presented and discussed.
A retrospective cohort study of the association of anesthesia and hernia repair surgery with behavioral and developmental disorders in young children
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Sun, Lena S. Y.
name: Kakavouli, Athina
name: Byrne, Mary W.
name: Li, Guohua
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Public health
Anesthesia
Surgery

description: Recent animal studies have shown that commonly used anesthetic agents may have serious neurotoxic effects on the developing brain. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between surgery for hernia repair and the risk of behavioral and developmental disorders in young children. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of children who were enrollees of the New York State Medicaid program. Our analysis involved following a birth cohort of 383 children who underwent inguinal hernia repair during the first three years of life, and a sample of 5050 children frequency-matched on age with no history of hernia-repair before age 3. After controlling for age, gender, and complicating birth-related conditions such as low birth weight, children who underwent hernia repair under three years of age were more than twice as likely as children in the comparison group to be subsequently diagnosed with a developmental or behavioral disorder (adjusted HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3, 4.1). Our findings add to recent evidence of the potential association of surgery and its concurrent exposure to anesthetic agents with neurotoxicity and underscore the need for more rigorous clinical research on the long-term effects of surgery and anesthesia in children.
DEP Bulletin:Volume 38 Issue 16
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2014

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
Torticaput versus Torticollis: Clinical Effects with Modified Classification and Muscle Selection
Creators: name: Jost, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Torticollis
Dystonia
Movement disorders
Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging
Nosology
Botulinum toxin--Therapeutic use

description: Background: Several different subtypes are distinguished in cervical dystonia, depending on their different levels of movement. In simple rotation, classified as torticollis spasmodicus, we now differentiate between torticollis and torticaput dependent on whether only the head or the neck is turned. The new classification system permits for different injection schemes. Case reports: In a retrospective study of 22 patients, we examined whether modifying the injected muscles leads to improvement in the results as evaluated in the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). The results showed that both injection schemes do in fact lead to improvements while differentiating between caput and collum has significantly better effects. Discussion: Due to our results we recommend the classification differentiating between torticollis and torticaput type.
Second Language Pronunciation Teaching: Insights from Research
Creators: name: Park, Mi Sun
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Languages, Modern--Pronunciation--Study and teaching
Applied linguistics
Language and education

description: Despite increased interest in second language (L2) pronunciation in recent years, the topic has been marginalized in the field of second language acquisition and teaching. Far less work has been carried out on L2 pronunciation, compared to skills such as grammar and vocabulary that have received much attention. Most of the instructional materials and practices developed for L2 pronunciation tend to heavily rely on basic intuitive notions suggested by language teachers and researchers, rather than research-based evidence (Derwing & Munro, 2005).
Rethinking for Second Language Speaking
Creators: name: Saez, Natalia Veronica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Interlanguage (Language learning)
Applied linguistics
Education

description: Slobin’s (1996) thinking for speaking hypothesis has been recently adopted by second language researchers as a valuable lens from which to examine the complexities of possible conceptual restructuring during interlanguage development. This paper reviews a sample of studies analyzing the linguistic and conceptual patterns observed in second language learners while using their respective target languages. Discussions focus on issues central to second language acquisition and the understanding of interlanguage from a meaning perspective.
title: Managing Marine Ecosystem Goods And Services In A Changing Climate: A Case Study On The Tasmanian East Coast Lobster Fishery
Creators: name: Frusher, Stewart
name: Pecl, Gretta
name: Gardner, Caleb
name: Haward, Marcus
name: Hobday, Alistair
name: Jennings, Sarah
name: Nursey-Bray, Melissa
name: Punt, André
name: Revill, Hilary
name: van Putten, Ingrid
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Climate change adaptation research requires multidisciplinary studies to underpin the policy required to manage both biophysical and human systems. In marine domains, climate induced changes in water temperature and ocean currents can change productivity of resources which in turn alter the spatiotemporal distribution of users (e.g. fishers) with social and economic flow-on effects to communities. This presentation, based on results from the recently completed National Vulnerability Case Study on the rock lobster fishery of Eastern Tasmania in Australia, provides an example of the links between biophysical and human systems. This fishery, located in a region predicted to be the fastest warming in the southern hemisphere, provides early signals for consideration in fisheries globally. Direct impacts relate to forecast changes in growth and recruitment whereas indirect impacts affect ecosystem services through changes in ecosystem resilience. Although climate change adaption is often viewed by mangers and industry as a future decision because incremental changes appear small, climate related impacts are already affecting this fishery and current assessments as well as evaluation of future management strategies need to account for climate change impacts.
Spatial proximity and the risk of psychopathology after a terrorist attack
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Emch, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Public health
Epidemiology
Emergency management
Terrorism
Anxiety
Bayesian statistical decision theory
Spatial analysis (Statistics)

description: Previous studies concerned with the relation of proximity to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and subsequent psychopathology have produced conflicting results. The goals of this analysis are to assess the appropriateness of using Bayesian hierarchical spatial techniques to answer the question of the role of proximity to a mass trauma as a risk factor for psychopathology. Using a set of individual-level Medicaid data for New York State, and controlling for age, gender, median household income and employment-related exposures, we applied Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods for spatially aggregated data. We found that distance from the World Trade Center site in the post-attack time period was associated with increased risk of anxiety-related diagnoses. In the months following the attack, each 2-mile increment in distance closer to the World Trade Center site was associated with a 7% increase in anxiety-related diagnoses in the population. No similar association was found during a similar time period in the year prior to the attack. We conclude that spatial variables help more fully describe post-terrorism psychiatric risk and may help explain discrepancies in the existing literature about these attacks. These methods hold promise for the characterization of disease risk where spatial patterning of ecologic-level exposures and outcomes merits consideration.
title: The Ecological Effects Of Climate Change On The Narragansett Bay Estuary
Creators: name: Melrose, D. Christopher
name: Berman, Mark S.
name: Smith, Leslie M.
name: Oviatt, Candace A.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Narragansett Bay is an estuary within the United States Northeastern Continental Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem (LME). Because of its transitional location between two temperature driven biogeographical provinces, it provides a useful case study on the impacts of climate change. Narragansett Bay has undergone changes in productivity coincident with increasing temperature. The Bayʼs productivity cycle was traditionally dominated by a winter/spring bloom, which has been reduced or absent since the 1970ʼs. Localized episodic summer blooms are now the dominant annual feature with the annual chlorophyll maximum observed within 1 month of the summer solstice. The Lower Bay has also shown a long-term decrease in productivity. These changes in productivity may be related to long-term climate driven changes in cloud cover and irradiance, and temperature driven changes to grazing patterns. The longterm decline in productivity is not evident in the upper portions of Narragansett Bay where summer hypoxic events have become common in due to increased stratification from rainfall events, increased temperature and organic matter loading from phytoplankton blooms supported by anthropogenic nutrient sources. This suggests that the Providence River and Lower Bay have responded differently to the same changes in climate. To mitigate eutrophication and hypoxia in Upper Narragansett Bay, the State of Rhode Island has implemented mandatory nitrogen reduction by wastewater treatment plants. The first upgraded treatment plants went online in 2006. It is unclear how this nitrogen reduction strategy will interact with the already observed climate driven changes to Narragansett Bayʼs productivity and phenology or how the effects may vary along the estuarine gradient.
Immigrant Employment and Earnings Growth in Canada and the U.S.: Evidence from Longitudinal Data
Creators: name: Kaushal, Neeraj
name: Lu, Yao
name: Denier, Nicole
name: Wang, Julia Shu-Huah
name: Trejo, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Immigrants
Immigrants--Economic conditions
Immigrants--Social conditions
Wages
Economics

description: We study the short-term trajectories of employment, hours worked, and real wages of immigrants in Canada and the U.S. using nationally representative longitudinal datasets covering 1996-2008. Models with person fixed effects show that on average immigrant men in Canada do not experience any relative growth in these three outcomes compared to men born in Canada. Immigrant men in the U.S., on the other hand, experience positive annual growth in all three domains relative to U.S. born men. This difference is largely on account of low-educated immigrant men, who experience faster or longer periods of relative growth in employment and wages in the U.S. than in Canada. We further compare longitudinal and cross-sectional trajectories and find that the latter over-estimate wage growth of earlier arrivals, presumably reflecting selective return migration.
title: Recent Climatic Changes In The Se Bay Of Biscay Affecting Pelagic And Coastal Ecosystems
Creators: name: Valencia, V.
name: Fontán, A.
name: Borja, A.
name: Goikoetxea, N.
name: Sáenz, J.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Troughout the last decade, several regime shifts and anomaly patterns for different climatic indices (ENSO, NAO, EA, etc.) have been described, due to unusual values and/or persistent cumulative anomalies. For the inner (southeastern) Bay of Biscay, the prevalence of positive values of the East Atlantic (EA) pattern, since 1998, affects the transport and subsequent properties of the upper water masses. The mesoscale effect, related mainly to the intensification of the British Isles low atmospheric pressure centre, drives also the moisture transport, storm frequency and intensity, etc. As a consequence of the shift in the EA pattern, several structural factors of the coastal and pelagic ecosystems show seasonal and/or annual anomaly patterns, in recent years. For instance, assessment of the recruitment of the Bay of Biscay anchovy, as well as of the benthic communities (macroalgae, barnacles, etc.), based upon climatic and oceanographic variables, show also responses to these anomaly patterns. Factors such as the turbulence-stability and upwelling-downwelling dualities; saline stratification and coastal fertilisation by precipitation and continental runoff; and other coupled oceano-meteorological variables are considered. The patterns observed are representatives of the response, in terms of local and seasonal or annual anomalies in the coastal and pelagic ecosystems, to the shifts in some mesoscale or large scale climatic indices such as the EA pattern.
Role of Antisymmetric Exchange in Selecting Magnetic Chirality in Ba$_3$NbFe$_3$Si$_2$O$_{14}$
Creators: name: Zorko, A.
name: Pregelj, M.
name: Potočnik, A.
name: van Tol, J.
name: Ozarowski, A.
name: Simonet, V.
name: Lejay, P.
name: Petit, S.
name: Ballou, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present electron spin resonance (ESR) investigation of the acentric \FeLang, featuring a unique single-domain double-chiral magnetic ground state. Combining simulations of the ESR line-width anisotropy and the antiferromagnetic-resonance modes allows us to single out the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction as the leading magnetic anisotropy term. We demonstrate that the rather minute out-of-plane DM component $d_c=45$ mK is responsible for selecting a unique ground state, which endures thermal fluctuations up to astonishingly high temperatures.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figures, 3+ pages of supplementary information with 2 additional figures, accepted for publication in PRL
Women’s Short-Term Employment Trajectories Following Birth: Patterns, Determinants, and Variations by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
name: Wang, Julia Shu-Huah
name: Han, Wen-Jui
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mothers--Employment
subject: Mothers--Employment--Social aspects
subject: Women--Employment--Social aspects
subject: Families--Economic aspects
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Despite a large literature documenting the impact of childbearing on women’s wages, less understanding exists of the actual employment trajectories that mothers take and the circumstances surrounding different paths. We use sequence analysis to chart the entire employment trajectory for a diverse sample of U.S. women by race/ethnicity and nativity in the first year following childbirth. Using data from the 1996–2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation and sample selection models, we find that women employed before childbirth show a high degree of labor market continuity. However, a notable share of them (24 %) took less stable paths by dropping out or scaling back work. In addition, mothers’ attachment to the labor force is simultaneously supported by personal endowments and family resources yet constrained by economic hardship and job characteristics. Moreover, mothers’ employment patterns differ by race/ethnicity and nativity. Nonwhite women (blacks, Hispanics, and Asians) who were employed before childbirth exhibited greater labor market continuation than white women. For immigrant women, those with a shorter length of residence were more likely to curtail employment than native-born women, but those with longer duration of residence show greater labor force attachment. We discuss the implications of these findings for income inequality and public policy.
Humor and Play in Language Classroom Interaction: A Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Reddington, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Second language acquisition
Education--Philosophy
Wit and humor in education
Second language acquisition--Study and teaching
Classroom environment

description: The past two decades have seen a growing interest in the role of humor and play in second- language (L2) learning and teaching. Vega (1990) went as far as to propose viewing humor as a fifth element of communicative competence; more recently, Cook (2000) has argued that language play should be regarded as “both a means and an end of language learning” (p. 204). Teachers have, in fact, long been advised to introduce elements of humor and play into the language classroom (e.g., Holmes, 1980; Schmitz, 2002; Trachtenberg 1979). However, as Bell (2009, 2011, 2013) has pointed out, such recommendations have largely been based on assumptions and intuitions rather than empirical research. Studies of specific pedagogical interventions have generally been lacking (Bell, 2013).
Citrogramma bicornutum VOCKEROTH 1969
Creators: name: Mengual, Ximo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Citrogramma
Citrogramma bicornutum

description: CITROGRAMMA BICORNUTUM VOCKEROTH, 1969 Citrogramma bicornutum Vockeroth, 1969: 98. Holotype: ♂, BPBM, by original designation. Type locality: Papua New Guinea: Daulo Pass. Vockeroth, 1969: 98, fig. 95. Thompson & Vockeroth, 1989: 442; Wyatt, 1991: 155, 156. Geographical distribution: New Guinea. Differential diagnosis: Very distinct species with a medial black facial vitta, cell BM bare on basal half, and abdominal terga 3 and 4 each with a narrow yellow fascia (Figs 15, 16). Similar to C. asombrosum, but they differ in male genitalia, abdominal pattern (C. asombrosum has a broad yellow fascia on terga 3 and 4) and geographical distribution (C. asombrosum is only known from New Caledonia). Holotype male deposited in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum (Honolulu, Hawaii, USA) and labelled: ‘NEW GUINEA: NE,/Daulo Pass,/ 2500 m, V–2–1959 ’ ‘C.D. Michener/Collector/BISHOP’ ‘ HOLOTYPE / Citrogramma / bicornutum / Vockeroth ’ [red, handwritten except first line]. Type locality: Papua New Guinea: Eastern Highlands Province, Daulo District, Daulo Pass, 2500 m, 6°01′S, 145°12′E. Material examined: Type material. Holotype, as above. Paratypes. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: (NE) Morobe Province, Wau, 1200 m, 5.x.1962, J. Sedlacek, Malaise trap [1♂ 1♀, BPBM]; (NE) 6 km W of Wau, Nami Creek, 1700 m, 15.vi.1962, Malaise trap, J. Sedlacek [1♀, BPBM].
description: Published as part of Mengual, Ximo, 2012, The flower fly genus Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae): illustrated revision with descriptions of new species, pp. 99-172 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1) on pages 130-131, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00750.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5406153
description: {"references": ["Vockeroth JR. 1969. A revision of the genera of the Syrphini (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, Vol. 62.", "Thompson FC, Vockeroth JR. 1989. Family Syrphidae. In: Evenhuis NL, ed. Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Vol. 86, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Special Publication, 437 - 458.", "Wyatt NP. 1991. Notes on Citrogramma Vockeroth (Diptera: Syrphidae) with descriptions of five new species. Oriental Insects 25: 155 - 169."]}
Accelerator compiler for the VENICE vector processor
Creators: name: Liu, Zhiduo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis describes the compiler design for VENICE, a new soft vector processor (SVP). The compiler is a new back-end target for the Microsoft Accelerator, a high-level data parallel library in C/C++ and C\#. This allows automatic compilation from high-level programs into VENICE assembly code, thus avoiding the process of writing assembly code used by previous SVPs. Experimental results show the compiler can generate scalable parallel code with execution times that are comparable to human-optimized VENICE assembly code. On data-parallel applications, VENICE at 100MHz on an Altera DE3 platform runs at speeds comparable to one core of a 2.53GHz Intel Xeon E5540 processor, beating it in performance on four of six benchmarks by up to 3.2x. The compiler also delivers near-linear scaling performance on five of six benchmarks, which exceed scalability of the Multi-core target of Accelerator.
Prospects of observing a quasar HII region during the Epoch of Reionization with redshifted 21cm
Creators: name: Datta, Kanan K.
name: Friedrich, Martina M.
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the impact of a bright quasar on the redshifted 21cm signal during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Using three different cosmological radiative transfer simulations, we investigate if quasars are capable of substantially changing the size and morphology of the H II regions they are born in. We choose stellar and quasar luminosities in a way that is favourable to seeing such an effect. We find that even the most luminous of our quasar models is not able to increase the size of its native H II region substantially beyond those of large H II regions produced by clustered stellar sources alone. However, the quasar H II region is found to be more spherical. We next investigate the prospects of detecting such H II regions in the redshifted 21cm data from the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) by means of a matched filter technique. We find that H II regions with radii ~ 25 comoving Mpc or larger should have a sufficiently high detection probability for 1200 hours of integration time. Although the matched filter can in principle distinguish between more and less spherical regions, we find that when including realistic system noise this distinction can no longer be made. The strong foregrounds are found not to pose a problem for the matched filter technique. We also demonstrate that when the quasar position is known, the redshifted 21cm data can still be used to set upper limits on the ionizing photon rate of the quasar. If both the quasar position and its luminosity are known, the redshifted 21 cm data can set new constrains on quasar lifetimes.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS; changes in introduction and figure 1
Bayesian hierarchical spatial modeling of substance abuse patterns following a mass trauma:  the role of time and place
Creators: name: DiMaggio, Charles J.
name: Galea, Sandro
name: Vlahov, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Public health
Disaster relief
Substance abuse
Spatial analysis (Statistics)
Bayesian statistical decision theory

description: To illustrate how spatial modeling methods may provide insight about the relation between proximity to mass trauma and substance use, we examined the role of proximity to a terrorist event in determining risk of substance use-related diagnoses. Previous analyses that have assessed changes in substance use following mass traumas such as terrorist attacks have produced conflicting results. We used Bayesian hierarchical modeling methods to assess whether distance from the World Trade Center (WTC) site in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks was associated with risk of substance use-related diagnoses. In analyses controlling for age, gender, median household income and employment-related exposure to the terrorist attacks, we found that each two mile increment in distance away from the World Trade Center site was associated with 18% more substance use-related diagnoses in the population we studied; this relation between distance from the WTC and substance use-related disorder was the opposite of the relations observed one year before the same attacks in the same area.  By accounting for spatial relationships that may influence the population risk of substance use health disorder, this approach helps explain some of the conflicting observations in the extant literature. These methods hold promise for the characterization of disease risk where spatial patterning of exposures and outcomes may matter.
title: Ecosystem changes and possible management solutions in the Eastern Baltic Sea effort of Latvian KALME
Creators: name: Ikauniece, Anda
name: Aigars, Juris
name: Kalveka, Baiba
name: Jermakovs, Vadims
name: Jurgensone, Iveta
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session G
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Launched in 2006 the Latvian National research programme KALME is addressing the observed consequences and possible projections of climate change in marine ecosystems. The current study tries to answer ”What will happen and what we should do?” using the IPCC regional forecast which indicates the certain rise of air temperature in the area and keeping in mind that recommendations for ecosystem management are between the deliverables of KALME. Preliminary results indicate the switch of nutrient fluxes is likely to occur in the thermally stratified Gulf of Riga with longer seasonal anoxic conditions. In the relatively shallow Gulf these changes could lead to considerable restructuring of the ecosystem as the nitrogen limitation expands. Higher water temperature at the upper layers of the Baltic Proper would enhance the set of thermocline in spring and decrease the nutrient availability for phytoplankton. The strengthening of thermal stratification would induce further reduction of already low oxygen concentrations and continue the restructuring of the benthic communities when the consumers of the organic matter are replaced by mobile species. Thus the management recommendations for Latvian marine areas try to consider all ecosystem compartments and suggest certain activities as future adaptation measures.
Explosive synchronization transitions in complex neural network
Creators: name: Chen, Hanshuang
name: Huang, Feng
name: Shen, Chuansheng
name: Hou, Zhonghuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently reported that explosive synchronization transitions can take place in networks of phase oscillators [Gómez-Gardeñes \emph{et al.} Phys.Rev.Letts. 106, 128701 (2011)] and chaotic oscillators [Leyva \emph{et al.} Phys.Rev.Letts. 108, 168702 (2012)]. Here, we investigate the effect of a microscopic correlation between the dynamics and the interacting topology of coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators on phase synchronization transition in Barabási-Albert (BA) scale-free networks and Erdös-Rényi (ER) random networks. We show that, if the width of distribution of natural frequencies of the oscillations is larger than a threshold value, a strong hysteresis loop arises in the synchronization diagram of BA networks due to the positive correlation between node degrees and natural frequencies of the oscillations, indicating the evidence of an explosive transition towards synchronization of relaxation oscillators system. In contrast to the results in BA networks, in more homogeneous ER networks the synchronization transition is always of continuous type regardless of the the width of the frequency distribution. Moreover, we consider the effect of degree-mixing patterns on the nature of the synchronization transition, and find that the degree assortativity is unfavorable for the occurrence of such an explosive transition.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Internal Migration, International Migration, and Physical Growth of Left-Behind Children: A Study of Two Settings
Creators: name: Lu, Yao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Migration, Internal
subject: Emigration and immigration
subject: Children of internal migrants
subject: Children--Health and hygiene
subject: Children of immigrants--Health and hygiene
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Parental out-migration has become a common experience of childhood worldwide and tends to have important ramifications for child development. There has been much debate on whether overall children benefit or suffer from parental out-migration. The present study examines how the relationship between parental out-migration and children’s growth differs by the type of migration (internal vs. international). This comparison is conducted in two diverse settings, Mexico and Indonesia. Data are from two national longitudinal surveys: the Mexican Family Life Survey and the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Results from fixed-effect regressions show that international migration tends to have a less beneficial, sometimes even more detrimental, impact on the growth of children left behind than internal migration. Results also reveal contextual differences in the role of parental out-migration. Possible explanations are discussed.
Phase diagram of two-component dipolar fermions in one-dimensional optical lattices
Creators: name: De Silva, Theja N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically map out the ground state phase diagram of interacting dipolar fermions in one-dimensional lattice. Using a bosonization theory in the weak coupling limit at half filing, we show that one can construct a rich phase diagram by changing the angle between the lattice orientation and the polarization direction of the dipoles. In the strong coupling limit, at a general filing factor, we employ a variational approach and find that the emergence of a Wigner crystal phases. The structure factor provides clear signatures of the particle ordering in the Wigner crystal phases.
description: Published Version (Physics Letters A)
Thermodynamics of viscous Matter and Radiation in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Tawfik, A.
name: Magdy, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assuming that the background geometry is filled with free gas consisting of matter and radiation and no phase transitions being occurred in the early Universe, we discuss the thermodynamics of this {\it closed} system using classical approaches. We find that essential cosmological quantities, such as Hubble parameter $H$, scale factor $a$ and curvature parameter $k$, can be derived from this simple model, which on one hand fulfills and entirely obeys the laws of thermodynamics. On the other hand, the results are compatible with the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model and the Einstein field equations. The inclusion of finite bulk viscosity coefficient derives to important changes in all these cosmological quantities. Accordingly, our picture about the evolution of the Universe and its astrophysical consequences seems to be a subject of a radical revision. We find that $k$ strongly depends on the thermodynamics of background matter. The time scale, at which negative curvature might take place, depends on the relation between the matter content and the total energy. Using quantum and statistical approaches, we assume that the size of the Universe is given by the volume occupied one particle and one photon. Different types of their interactions are taken into account. Expressions for $H$ and $a$ are introduced. Therefore, the expansion of the Universe turns to be accessible.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures (3 eps graphs)
Introduction: Why Should Second/Foreign Language Teachers Tune In To Instructed SLA?
Creators: name: Sok, Sarah Y.
name: Qi, Shaoyan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Second language acquisition--Study and teaching
Applied linguistics
Language and education

description: Born in the late 1960s, second language acquisition (SLA) is a field of study that addresses how non-native languages are learned, either in naturalistic or instructed settings. As a “burgeoning subdomain” of SLA (Ortega, 2013, p. 5) that emerged in the 1980s, instructed second language acquisition (ISLA) focuses on the latter, attempting to unveil the effects of instructional intervention, i.e., second language (L2) pedagogy, on the process of L2 learning. As such, a rich body of theoretical and empirical works that bears direct relevance to the L2 classroom constitutes ISLA, distinguishing it from related sub-domains within the more general discipline of second language acquisition.