Passiflora creuci-caetanoae M. Bonilla. A, Growth Habitat 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Morales, Miguel Macgayver Bonilla
name: Aguirre-Morales, Carolina
name: Cardenas, Julian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Passifloraceae
Passiflora
Passiflora creuci-Caetanoae

description: Passiflora creuci-caetanoae M. Bonilla, sp. nov. (Fig.1, 2 and 3)
Type:— COLOMBIA. Meta: Calvario, on the road to el Calvario crossing the place known as ¨El alto del Tigre ¨, 4°18’44.16”N, 73°46’32.97”W, 2900 m, January 17, 2013, M. Bonilla-M, Oscar Hernández, Johan Mosquera, Nicol Mejía, Alexander González, María Fernanda Toro & Javier Valbuena 187 (holotype, CUVC!; isotype, FAUC!).
Passiflora creuci-caetanoae differs from P. adulterina L. f. and P. cuatrecasasii Killip by its straight trichomes; leaves ovate-lanceolate (5.5–17 cm long), base truncate and acute apex; stipule ensiform (5–27 mm long); bracts with an acuminate apex; petals obovate (3.8–4 mm long).
Liana to 7 m; internodes 2–9 cm. Stems terete, grooved, densely pubescent with trichomes of 1.5 mm long, straight and brown. Stipules ensiform, 5–27 × 1 mm, glabrous and green. Petiole 7–18 mm long, caniculated and pubescent adaxially; glands 4–10, pubescente, adaxially and lateral. Leaves simple 5.5–17 × 1.7–7.2 cm, lanceolate-ovate, base truncate, margin serrate-glandular, revolute and pubescent, apex acute, leaf coriaceous, trichomes translucent on primary, secondary and tertiary nerves of abaxial side, occasionally bi- or tri-lobed; when bi-lobed central lobe (11–12 × 3.7–4 cm) and when tri-lobed central lobe (11–12 × 3–3.6 cm), lateral lobes when bi- or tri-lobed (6.7–8 × 1.3–2.5 cm), elliptic. Flowers axillary, solitary, pendulous, red hypanthium some green at base and red corolla. Peduncle 4.5– 7.2 cm long, pubescent, thin. Pedicel 4 mm long, glabrous. Bracts 5.1–5.3 × 1.7–2.0 cm, green, lanceolate, free, margin entire and pubescent, base cuneate, slightly pubescent abaxially and adaxially on the primary and secondary nerves. Hypanthium 5.8–7.7 cm long, 0.9–1.1 cm wide at base, 0.9–1 cm wide at apex, abaxial green at base and red toward the apex, adaxial white with apex slight purple; 5 sepals 3.8–4 × 1.2–1.3 cm, red, elliptic, apex round, edge sub-apical 3–4 mm; petals obovate; corona reduced to a dentiform purple band, with teeth of 1 mm long; androgynophore 8–8.5 cm long, white; androecium free filaments 5.8–6.2 mm, white; anthers adaxially yellow and abaxially green; ovary 7.3 × 2.8 mm, ellipsoid, pubescent; styles red; stigma adaxially green and abaxially red. Fruit unknown.
Distribution and ecology: Three individuals have been identified as Passiflora creuci-caetanoae. The individuals one (Bonilla et al. 187) and two (Ramirez 033) were found in the department of Meta, three (Bonilla et al. 677) in Cundinamarca in part of a field observation in the paramo “El Atravesado”. The longest distance among the three individuals was less than 3.7 km (Figure 4). All were found on trees of the Rubiaceae family, in paramo and preparamo zones.
Etymology: We name this species in honor of Dr. Creucí María Caetano, professor and researcher of the Univesidad Nacional de Colombia-Palmira; who, since her arrival to Colombia, has developed studies in taxonomy, cytogenetics, palynology and morphologic relationships of Passiflora.
Aditional specimen examined (related species):— Passiflora adulterina. COLOMBIA. Boyacá: Raquira Municipality, Pueblo Viejo, 2750 m, 19 May 1988, C. Becerra 232 (COL!); Alto de Sote, 3000 m, 15 May 1996, R. Orlando 13270 (COL!); Villa de Leyva Municipality, Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, Pan de Azúcar vereda, 2700- 2800 m, 10 December 2002, A. Fernández 19995 (COL!); Valley Canon de Mamarramos 12 Km N, 2073 m, 1 May1980, M. Melampy 952 (HUA!); La Capilla quebrada La Colorada vereda, 10 February 1968, L. Uribe 6068 (COL!); Duitama Municipality, El Carmen, 3558 m, 1993, 387521 (COL!); El Carmen vereda, 3497 m, May 2004, J. Ocampo, M. Restrepo & M. Villegas 012 (VALLE!); paramo de las Rusias, ravine Suibar between Duitama and Charala, 3273 m, 21 august 1953, J. Langenheim 3563 (COL!); paramo de las Rusias NO of Duitama, without date, L. Uribe 1063 (COL!); paramo de las Rusias road to Charala, 30 October 1978, S. Díaz 1387 (COL!); El Carmen tonwship, El Carmen vereda, paramo de la Rusia, 3600 m, 07 November 1993, J. Betancur 4202 (COL!); Santa Rosa de Viterbo Municipality, in front of the TV tower, 30 May 1926, L. Camargo et al. 7815 (COL); Tunja Municipality, road to Bogotá Km 90, 2900 m, 27-05-2003, G. Morales & Rodríguez 4660 (JBB!); Combita Municipality, Rupavita, 01 January 1946, V. Sanchez s.n. (COL!); Paipa Municipality, Rincón de Españoles vereda, Rancherías Forest Reserve, 3410 m, 17 July 2004, G. Morales 2433 (JBB!); Nuevo Colon Municipality, Granja Incora, 2525 m, 23 January1995, T. Gamboa & O. Uribe 09 (UPTC!); without Municipality, paramo de la Rusia path Duitama-Charala, 2800 m, 20 August 1991 A. Cepeda, R. Sierra & P. Manrique 04 (UPTC!); path Duitama-Charala, 25 September 1991, J. Restrepo, J. Morales & C. Largo 10 (UPTC!); Arcabuco Municipality, without locality, May 1997, C. Rafael 18 (UPTC!); Cundinamarca: Sesquilé Municipality, Rancheria vereda, 3080 msnm, 16 January 1999, A. Monica 208 (COL!); Sibate Municipality, El Peñon, 2571 m, 13 May 1961, G. Huertas et al. 161310 (COL!); San Miguel, 2950 m, 07 July 1948, J. Hawkes 47 (COL!); Represa del Muña, 2571 m, J. Mutis 36 (COL!); Km 5 path San Fortunato, 2790–2820 m, 18 May 2008, G. Morales 3019 (JBB!); Pacho Municipality, road to Zipaquira, 2573 m, L. Escobar & Uribe 441 (HUA!); Cerros Pacho, 3170 m, 10 July 1977, L. Escobar & O. Escobar 491 (HUA!); Cerros Pacho, 3170 msnm, 10 July 1977, L. Escobar & O. Escobar 530 (HUA!); paramo on the edge of the road, 2900 m, 27 July 1961, G. Huertas 5188 (COL!); Suesca Municipality, Hatogrande vereda, 2581 m, 19 December 1963, C. Saravia et al. 113386 (COL!); Zipaquira Municipality, 2586 m, 01 July 1977, L. Escobar et al. 13396 (HUA!); Cogua Municipality, Neusa dam up, 2649 m, without date, L. Escobar 487 (HUA!); Quebrada Honda vereda main road to San Cayetano, 3000 m, 11 November 2002, N. García 531 (COL!); Choconta Municipality, El Sisga, 2700–2800 m, 21 February 1962, H. García-Barriga 17415 (COL!); Guasca Municipality, La Concepcion rural settlement, 2684 m, 27 October 1988, without collector 340307 (COL!); La Concepcion vereda, 3000 m, 27 September 1988, R. Sánchez 1275 (COL!); high variant at La Calera, 21 May 2003, G. Morales 2114 (JBB!); 4 Km to Salitre, 2900 m, 30 August 2007, G. Morales 2976 (JBB); el Salitre 9 Km to town, 3000 m, 09 August 2007, G. Morales 2966 (COL!, JBB!); La Calera Municipality, road to La Calera “Los Patios”, 2717 m, 01 June 1958, J. Hernandez 133695 (HUA!); Soacha Municipality, road to Silvania, 2802 m, 19 October 1979, S. Díaz 1705 (COL!); Cabrera Municipality, Nuñez vereda, 2400 m, 28 August 1985, G. Morales 516 (COL!); Municipio Santa Fé de Bogota, locality 5 Usme of Embalse of Chisaca-Las Margaritas rural settlement, 3000–3200 m, 28 August 2005, Y. Figueroa-C 700 (COL!); Eastern Cordillera oriental up to Bogota, 3000 m, 07 October 1939, G. Varela 03 (COL!); in the mountains east of Chapinero, 2700–2800 m, 01 January 1954, L. Uribe s.n. (COL!); 2 km south of the town of Paquilla, 3100 m, 05 September 1997, A. Guevara 39 (COL!); Monserrate, 3100 m, 26 May 1951, R. Romero-Castañeda, R. 2490 (COL!); Chapinero, s.n., 01-06-1931, Pérez Arbeláez, Enrique 1521 (COL); Nazareth, Tabaco escuela, 3051 msnm, 18 January 2013, J. Ordoñez 1764 (COL!); Bolivar town Pasquilla rural settlement, 3339 m, 21 November 2012, I. Montero 45041 (COL!, JBB!); Sumapaz-Santa Rosa y Santa Helena rural settlement, 3345–3470 m, 01 May 2002, M. Galvis 623 (JBB!); locality Sumapaz, 3054 m, 18 January 2013, J. Valencia 1903 (JBB!); locality Sumapaz, 3253 m, 15 August 2013, G. Morales 3627 (JBB!); Sumapaz, 3170 m, 29-05-2013, G. Morales 3603 (JBB!); Sumapaz, 3128 m, 15 November 2012, G. Morales 3401 (JBB!); Sumapaz, 3400 m, 28 May 2008, G. Morales 3034 (JBB!); Bolivar town-Mochuelo rural settlement, 2800 m, 13 March 2007, G. Morales 2926 (JBB!); Bolivar town-up Mochuelo rural settlement, 3200 m, 14 May 2008, G. Morales 3014 (JBB!); Chapinero- Verjon Alto rural settlement property Quebrada los Micos, 2800 m, 07 June 2004, G. Morales 2384 (JBB!); Sumapaz Km 47,5 path Nazareth, 2900 m, 26 May 2004, G. Morales 2376 (JBB!); Sumapaz- Santa Rosa rural settlement Las Auras school, 2700 m, 26 May 2004, G. Morales 2374 (JBB!); Chapinero, farm Taurus path La Calera, 2800–2900 m, 17 July 2003, G. Morales 2173 (JBB!); Altos de Hierbabuena, 2900–3000 m, 12 July 2003, G. Morales 2167 (JBB!); Santander: Charalá Municipality, El Reloj rural settlement, road to Virolín, 1880 m, 13 May 1982, G. Amat & G. castro 53 (COL!); road to Calera, 2800 m, 01 October 1938, L. Uribe 129 (COL!); Virolin Municipality, path Duitama-Charala, 1800 m, 21 August 1991, A. Avila et al. 5 (UPTC!).— Passiflora cuatrecasasii. COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Gama Municipality, road to paramo de Guasca, 2872 m, 21 December 1977, L. Escobar 546 (HUA!); Guasca Municipality, 11–13 km path Sueva, 3100 m, 12 October 2006, G. Morales 2880 (JBB!); eastern slope páramo de Guasca, 2680 m, 13 May 1956, A. Fernandez et. al. 5130 (COL!); paramo de guasca, 2886 m, 14 February 1951, R. Schultes. 11529 (COL!); Paramo de Guasca, 3210 m, 02 July 1940, J. Cuatrecasas 9479 (COL!); paramo de Guasca, 2862 m, 30 November 1955, J. Idrobo et. al. 1955 (COL!); eastern slope páramo de Guasca, 2935 msnm, May 1942, J. Cuatrecasas 13538 (COL!); between Guasca and Junin, paramo de Guasca, Vertienete oriental, 3050 msnm, 21 December 1977, L. Escobar 547 (COL!); Fomeque Municipality, road to paramo de Chingaza, 3300 m, without date, Renteria 5343 (HUA!); Parque Nacional Natural Chigaza, 3000– 3300, 20 March 1993, J. Betancur 3985 (COL!); Reserva Natural Carpanta, 3000 msnm, 27 February 2001, P. Pedraza. 888 (COL!); Guachetá Municipality, paramo de Guasca, km 17 path to Guachetá, 3216 m, 18 November 1999, G. Morales 3417 (JBB!); Sumapaz Municipality, vereda santa rosa, school Las Auroras USME, 2741 m, 26 May 2004, G. Morales et al. 2370 (JBB!); Santa Fe de Bogota Municipality, Sumapaz-Vereda Las Ánimas, 3100 m, 09 June 2009, J. Garzón-Venegas 35 (JBB!); Sumapaz-Vereda Santa Rosa, school Las Auras, 2 km path Usme, 2700 m, 26 May 2004, G. Morales 2377 (JBB!); Usme and Sumapaz, Km 43 path Nazaret, 3250 m, 02 September 2006, G. Morales 2868 (JBB!); Sumapaz-township Nazareth-1 Km to San Juan vía Nazareth, 3200 m, 24 May 2007, G. Morales 2950 (JBB!); Parque Sumapaz, Usme 43 Km path San Juan and 2 kilómetros of desviation to Nazareth, 3350 m, 28 May 2008, G. Morales 3035 (JBB!); Sumapaz, 3100 m, 29 May 2013, G. Morales 3604 (JBB!); Guayabetal Municipality, Monterredondo to Calvario, 2800–3100 msnm, 03 November 2010, Morales L. 3166 (JBB!); Santander: Encino Municipality, paramo de Rusia, road to Virolin n.w. of Duitama, 3808 m, 1945, L. Uribe 2593 (COL!); Meta: Mesetas Municipality, Sierra de La Macarena, Zanza river shore of, between the camp trail, 17 March 1956, A. Fernandez & J. Mejía. 5030 (COL!); Calvario Municipality, roadside, 2717 m, 27April 2014, M. Ramírez 032 (LLANOS!).— Passiflora rugosa var. rugosa. COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Quetame Municipality, inspetion Policía Guayabetal road to Calvario, 2450 m, 11 June 1979, G. Lozano 4069 (COL!); Norte de Santander, Ocaña Municipality, Páramo de San Pedro, January 1851, L. Schlim 301 (K!). — Passiflora rugosa var. venezolana. COLOMBIA. Norte de Santander: Abrego Municipality, Cerro Oroque, 3000–3900, 22 a July 1974, H. Garcia-Barriga 20661 (COL!); road to towers de Inravision up to La María, 2940 m, 01 January 1983, L. Escobar et al. 3133 (HUA!); Santander: Tona Municipality, Km 55 path Pamplona, 3417 m, 06 June 1986, Garcia H. 4843 (UIS!, CDMB!); Pie de Cuesta Municipality, reserve Rasgón Vereda Cristales, 2253 m, 26 September 1989, H. Garcia et al. 7572 (UIS!); Bucaramanga Municipality, path to Picacho, 3000 m, 01 August 2008, G. Morales 3049 (JBB!); VENEZUELA. Tachira: San Cristobal Municipality, ca. 5 Km up to San Vicente de La Revancha, 2650–2700 m, 29 March 1979, P. Berry 3394 (HUA!).
Conservation: The three individuals found in two localities, as mentioned 3.7 km apart, are the only known records of P. creuci-caetanoae. The species conforms to the IUCN (2001) criteria B, C, and D as Critically Endangered (CR).
Discussion: Passiflora creuci-caetanoae belongs to section Colombiana, series Colombianae. Nine species have so far been reported within this series, and one of these with two varieties of P. rugosa var. rugosa (Master 1872: 539) Triana & Planchon and P. rugosa var venezolana L.K. Escobar (1986:136); both with Andean distribution in Colombia and Venezuela (Escobar 1986: 137, 1988: 26; Ulmer, 1999: 196).
Passiflora creuci-caetanoae is related to P. adulterina Linnaeus. f. (1781:408) and P. cuatrecasasii Killip (1960:2). The main differences with P. adulterina are the straight brown trichomes, lanceolate leaves, truncate base and acute apex, underside slightly pubescent with translucent trichomes, stipule ensiform, bracts with an acuminate apex, obovate petals and ellipsoid pubescent ovary. P. cuatrecasasii shares some characteristics with P. adulterina, but differs from P. creuci-caetanoae by the trichomes, leaves, stipule, bracts, and sepals. Additionally, the number of glands (4–10), free bracts with entire margin and a denticular corona distinguishes the two species (Table 1).
Passiflora creuci-caetanoae could be considered a natural hybrid between P. adulterina and P. cuatrecasasii; they are both members of the same group and have sympatric distribution and could potentially experience genetic flow because of the allogamy (Primot et al. 2005).
Within the series Colombianae, some species have no lobulated leaves as P. rugosa and P. formosa Ulmer (1999: 196) collected in Meta and in Boyacá, respectively. Nevertheless, the main difference among the species is that P. creuci-caetanoae presents polymorphic leaves: un-lobed, bi-lobed and tri-lobed. Two specimens (Lozano 4069 and Peñuela et. al. 008 according to Escobar, 1988) of P. rugosa var. rugosa were collected in Cundinamarca-Quetame, very close to Meta, on the road to El Calvario. Both varieties of P. rugosa, present similarities with P. creuci-caetanoae, which suggest a possible genetic flow between those taxa. On the other hand, P. creuci-caetanoae differs from P. rugosa var. rugosa and P. rugosa var. venezolana principally by the features listed in Table 2.
Paratypes: COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: Guayabetal Mucinipality, Monterredondo on the way to ¨ El Atravesado ¨ Paramo. 2.700 m, 4°16’52.71”N, 73°47’32.50” W, 13 January 2014, Miguel Bonilla-M, Carolina Aguirre-M, Johan Mosquera, Johnatan Beltran, Luis Coca, Diana Morales & Camila Romero 677 (LLANOS!); Meta: Calvario Municipality, roadside, 2717 m, 27 April 2014, M. Ramírez 033 (LLANOS!).
description: Published as part of Morales, Miguel Macgayver Bonilla, Aguirre-Morales, Carolina & Cardenas, Julian, 2016, Passiflora creuci-caetanoae a new species of Passiflora L. supersection Tacsonia (Passifloraceae) from Colombia, pp. 267-274 in Phytotaxa 261 (3) on pages 268-273, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13671709