cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Building the Aboriginal Conference Settlement Suite : Hope and Realism in Law as a Tool for Social Change
Creators: name: Goldbach, Toby S.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In 2014, the provincial government unveiled a new courthouse in Thunder Bay, Ontario, featuring a conference area designed to emulate an Anishinaabe roundhouse. The “Aboriginal Conference Settlement Suite” epitomizes efforts to support Indigenous justice within the criminal justice system. However, despite similar efforts in the past, the circumstances of Indigenous peoples in Canada have not improved. This ongoing commitment to legal solutions is emblematic of mainstream views of law as a problem-solving instrument. Notwithstanding awareness of its failings, law reformers remain dedicated to using law as a tool for social change. Employing a case study method focusing on the new courthouse, I challenge a prevailing wisdom that law reform outputs are manageable and in our control. I argue that similar to a courthouse, which is a concrete, physical structure as well as a symbol of justice, so too is the legal instrument both material and metaphorical, with concrete outcomes and symbolic forms. While treating law as a literal tool may give law reformers a longed-for sense of mastery, this approach belies law’s diffuse constitutive power and the various paradoxes in reformers’ actions. Accepting law’s dual nature is essential for candid and accurate assessments about the possibilities and limits of change through law.
Enabling the distribution network electricity market with broadband
Creators: name: Spaccavento, Dean
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Distributed electricity generation has the potential to deliver sustainability benefits through dramatically increasing energy efficiency, as well as through encouraging the adoption of renewables. It is not without its problems however: two of the largest are the limited utility of the small amounts of power generated, and the lack of economic incentive to invest in small generators. This work discusses an electricity market, using broadband communications as its information infrastructure, specifically designed to make electricity generated by households and offices an attractive source of revenue and a viable source of power.
Supplementary ODE Files from Time-keeping and decision-making in the cell cycle
Creators: name: Tyson, John J.
name: Novák, Béla
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The supplementary 'ode' files will reproduce the simulations of Models #1-4 in the main text.
XR4Human D7.1: The State of the Art in Ethics for AR
Creators: name: Lucas, Stephane
name: Renganayagalu, Sathiya kumar
name: Mushtaq, Faisal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ABSTRACT

This report is the start of a process of guiding end-users in informed decision making about XR technology through a rating system and educational toolbox. In the first step towards this, we employed systematic and scoping literature reviews to examine the current state of XR ethical practices, identify methods for ethics assessment, and review existing XR solutions and their societal implications. The analysis reveals limited diversity and under-reporting of ethical implications in the literature, leading to recommendations for a systematic ethical technology framework and standardized reporting to address these issues in future XR research.
Charged critical behavior and nonperturbative continuum limit of three-dimensional lattice SU($N_c$) gauge Higgs models
Creators: name: Bonati, Claudio
name: Pelissetto, Andrea
name: Calero, Ivan Soler
name: Vicari, Ettore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the three-dimensional (3D) lattice SU($N_c$) gauge Higgs theories with multicomponent ($N_f>1$) degenerate scalar fields and U($N_f$) global symmetry, focusing on systems with $N_c=2$, to identify critical behaviors that can be effectively described by the corresponding 3D SU($N_c$) gauge Higgs field theory. The field-theoretical analysis of the RG flow allows one to identify a stable charged fixed point for large values of $N_f$, that would control transitions characterized by the global symmetry-breaking pattern ${\rm U}(N_f)\rightarrow \mathrm{SU}(2)\otimes \mathrm{U}(N_f-2)$. Continuous transitions with the same symmetry-breaking pattern are observed in the SU(2) lattice gauge model for $N_f \ge 30$. Here we present a detailed finite-size scaling analysis of the Monte Carlo data for several large values of $N_f$. The results are in substantial agreement with the field-theoretical predictions obtained in the large-$N_f$ limit. This provides evidence that the SU($N_c$) gauge Higgs field theories provide the correct effective description of the 3D large-$N_f$ continuous transitions between the disordered and the Higgs phase, where the flavor symmetry breaks to $\mathrm{SU}(2)\otimes \mathrm{U}(N_f-2)$. Therefore, at least for large enough $N_f$, the 3D SU($N_c$) gauge Higgs field theories with multicomponent scalar fields can be nonperturbatively defined by the continuum limit of lattice discretizatized models with the same local and global symmetries.
description: 10 pages, 8 pdf figures
Parathyas barbigera
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Parathyas
Parathyas barbigera

description: Parathyas barbigera (K. Viets, 1908)
 Material examined — GEORGIA, unnamed pond (Javakheti), 41.4001° N, 43.6723° E, 2261 m asl., 16 May 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 1♀ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 41822 D10).
 Remarks — The sequenced specimen from Georgia forms a unique BIN (BOLD: AEO 2572) with the nearest neighboring BIN being BOLD:AEC3095 (p -distance 2.75%), which includes specimens of P. barbigera from Norway and Romania.
 Habitat in Georgia — Temporary vernal pool with cold water and absence of aquatic vegetation; heavily used by sheep and cattle (Fig, 2A).
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 94, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Quantum Kernel Methods under Scrutiny: A Benchmarking Study
Creators: name: Schnabel, Jan
name: Roth, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the entry of kernel theory in the field of quantum machine learning, quantum kernel methods (QKMs) have gained increasing attention with regard to both probing promising applications and delivering intriguing research insights. Benchmarking these methods is crucial to gain robust insights and to understand their practical utility. In this work, we present a comprehensive large-scale study examining QKMs based on fidelity quantum kernels (FQKs) and projected quantum kernels (PQKs) across a manifold of design choices. Our investigation encompasses both classification and regression tasks for five dataset families and 64 datasets, systematically comparing the use of FQKs and PQKs quantum support vector machines and kernel ridge regression. This resulted in over 20,000 models that were trained and optimized using a state-of-the-art hyperparameter search to ensure robust and comprehensive insights. We delve into the importance of hyperparameters on model performance scores and support our findings through rigorous correlation analyses. Additionally, we provide an in-depth analysis addressing the design freedom of PQKs and explore the underlying principles responsible for learning. Our goal is not to identify the best-performing model for a specific task but to uncover the mechanisms that lead to effective QKMs and reveal universal patterns.
description: 20 pages main text including 9 figures and 1 table, appendix 18 pages with 22 figures and 2 tables; article in Quantum Machine Intelligence
Thyasides dentatus
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Thyasides
Thyasides dentatus

description: Thyasides dentatus (Thor, 1897) (Figs. 1 A-B)
 Material examined — GEORGIA, unnamed pond (Javakheti), 41.4001° N, 43.6723° E, 2261 m asl., 16 May 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 1♀ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 41822 D11), dissected and slide mounted.
 Remarks — The specimen from Georgia molecularly analyzed in this study match the description of Thyasides dentatus, a species known from central, northern and north-eastern Eurtope (Di Sabatino et al. 2010). The genus Thyasides was established by Lundblad (1926) for the species Thyas dentata Thor, 1897. Later on, Habeeb (1958) described T. sphagnorum Habeeb, 1958 from New Brunswick, Canada. The genus is primarily diagnosed by the shape of frontal shield (anteriorly convex due to the projecting frontal eye sclerite, posteriorly concave or straight between the projecting frontalia) and the median eye with two pigment spots (Di Sabatino et al. 2020). However, occasionally, the frontal eye can be separated from the frontalia and the latter is visible as a transverse platelet posterior to the frontal eye (Di Sabatino et al. 2010). Di Sabatino et al. (2010) and Smit (2020) stated that the genital flaps in Thyasides are covered by numerous, uniform short setae. This statement is based on figure 8-5 c in Di Sabatino et al. (2010) (the same figure is reproduced in Smit 2020, fig. 392) which should represent the female genital field of T. dentatus. The latter illustrated specimen represent Parathyas bruzelii (Lundblad, 1926) (Gerecke pers. communication) a species having a numerous setae on the male genital flap surface. Therefore, the statement given in the genus diagnoses in Di Sabatino et al. (2010) and Smit (2020) on the presence of numerous uniform short setae on genital flaps is erroneous. In our female, as in Lundblad (1927) there are only a few setae on the genital flap surface (Fig. 1A).
 The sequenced specimen of T. dentatus from Georgia forms a distinct BIN (BOLD: AEO 0651). The p -distance between the latter BIN and its nearest neighbour, BOLD:ACW5624, which includes specimens from Canada identified as Thyasides sp. (probably T. sphagnorum) is estimated at 7.56%.
 Habitat in Georgia — Temporary vernal pools, with cold water and absence of aquatic vegetation; heavily used by sheep and cattle (Fig. 2A).
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 94, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Lebertia (Pilolebertia) inaequalis
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Lebertiidae
Lebertia
Lebertia inaequalis

description: Lebertia (Pilolebertia) inaequalis (Koch, 1837)
 Material examined — GEORGIA, Paravani Lake, 41.4218° N, 43.9325° E, 2080 m asl., 14 May 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 1♀ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 38560 H06).
 Remarks — The sequenced specimen from Georgia morphologically assigned to L. inaequalis falls into BIN cluster (BOLD: AEJ 7769). In addition to the specimen used in this study for molecular analysis, the latter BIN includes one private sequence of a specimen from Bulgaria assigned to L. inaequalis. The pdistance between the latter BIN and its nearest neighbour, BOLD:AEF5683, which includes L. inaequalis specimens from North Macedonia, is estimated at 5.45%. It is likely that taxonomic revision of the L. inaequalis complex will result in detecting undescribed cryptic species. New for the fauna of Georgia.
 Habitat in Georgia — Mountain lake with swampy and heavily vegetated offshore (Fig. 2D).
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 95, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Lebertia (Pilolebertia) porosa Thor 1900
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Lebertiidae
Lebertia
Lebertia porosa

description: Lebertia (Pilolebertia) porosa Thor, 1900 gr.
 Material examined — GEORGIA, Khanchali lake, 41.2576° N, 43.5484° E, 1928 m asl., 8 Feb. 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 1♀ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 41822 C05).
 Remarks — The sequence obtained from a single specimen from Georgia morphologically assigned to L. porosa falls into BIN (BOLD: AEZ 7614) which, in addition to specimen used in this study for molecular analysis, includes also two specimens from western Türkiye. The p -distance between the latter BIN and its nearest neighbour, BOLD:ACS0974, which includes 152 specimens morphologically assigned to L. porosa from United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Greece, and Türkiye, is estimated at 4.4%.
 Habitat in Georgia — Eutrophic lake with silty bottom and dense aquatic vegetation.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 95, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Sperchon amuzgari Bader & Sepasgosarian 1979
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Sperchontidae
Sperchon
Sperchon amuzgari

description: Sperchon amuzgari Bader & Sepasgosarian, 1979
 Material examined — GEORGIA, Paravani river, 41.295194° N, 43.732088° E, 2000 m asl., 14 Oct. 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 2♀ (sequenced; voucher IDs: CCDB 41822 E06, CCDB 41822 E07); Paravani, 41.479577° N, 43.834348° E, 2080 m asl., 14 May 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 2♀ (sequenced; voucher IDs: CCDB 38560 H04, CCDB 38560 H05), one ♀ (CCDB 38560 H04) dissected and slide mounted.
 Remarks — The specimens from Georgia, used in this study for molecular analysis, morphologically match the description of Sperchon amuzgari. This species was originally described by Bader & Sepasgosarian (1979) from a karstic spring in Lorestan Province, Northern Iran, but later on synonymized by Asadi et al. (2010) with S. hispidus Koenike, 1895. Recently, Pešić et al. (2021 b) barcoded S. hispidus -like specimens from Northern Iran and resurrected S. amuzgari as a valid species and distinct from S. hispidus.
 Genetic data indicate that all examined specimens belong to the same species, forming the cluster: BOLD: AEO 5521. The latter BIN is solely composed of specimens from Georgia, with its closest neighbouring BIN (BOLD: AEI 8944) being that of specimens of S. amuzgari from Iran. The high genetic distance between specimens from Georgia and Iran (p -distance 9.16%) demonstrates the need for taxonomic revision of populations by collecting additional material from Georgia including a male for identifying possibly undescribed cryptic species.
 Habitat in Georgia — Mountainous lake and river shore with pebbles and gravel on the bottom.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 96, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Limnesia undulata
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Limnesiidae
Limnesia
Limnesia undulata

description: Limnesia undulata (Müller, 1776)
 Material examined — GEORGIA, Lake Saghamo, 41.2961° N, 43.7344° E, 1999 m asl., 30 Jul. 2016, leg. Mumladze, Japoshvili, Bikashvili, Shubitidze 1♀ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 41822 B01).
 Remarks — The sequenced specimen from Georgia was clustered within BOLD:AAX5286. The latter BIN includes specimens of L. undulata in the BOLD database from Canada and Norway to Montenegro and North Macedonia. New for Georgia.
 Habitat in Georgia — Standing water, lake shore with large boulders and pebbles on the bottom (Fig. 2B).
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 96, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Hygrobates turcicus Pesic, Esen & Dabert 2017
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Hygrobates
Hygrobates turcicus

description: Hygrobates turcicus Pešić, Esen & Dabert, 2017
 Material examined — GEORGIA, Kvirila River, 42.0994° N, 43.0799° E, 175 m asl., 21 Jun. 2013 leg. Shubitidze & Nozadze, 1♂ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 41822 D09).
 Remarks — The sequenced specimen from Georgia falls in BIN (BOLD: AET 3807) which includes one specimen from Russia (see Klimov et al. 2022) morphologically assigned to H. turcicus. The p -distance between the latter BIN and its nearest neighbour, BOLD:ADX1364, with some 50 specimens of H. turcicus from Türkiye, Bulgaria and Greece the BOLD database, is estimated at 4.17%. New to the fauna of Georgia.
 Habitat in Georgia — Medium-sized river with a stony bottom and extensive limestone.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 96, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Hygrobates angustipalpis K. O. Viets 1982
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Mumladze, Levan
name: Zawal, Andrzej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hygrobatidae
Hygrobates
Hygrobates angustipalpis

description: Hygrobates angustipalpis K.O. Viets, 1982
 Material examined — GEORGIA, Kvirila River, 42.34° N, 43.5703° E, 600 m asl., 21 Jun. 2013, leg. Shubitidze & Nozadze, 1♀ (sequenced; voucher ID: CCDB 41822 C12), dissected and slide mounted (RMNH).
 Remarks — The specimen from Georgia molecularly analyzed in this study match the description of H. angustipalpis, and falls in BIN (BOLD: AEO 4004) which also includes specimens from northeastern Iran (see Pešić et al. 2023b). New for the fauna of Georgia.
 Habitat in Georgia — Medium-sized river with pebbles and sand on the bottom.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Mumladze, Levan & Zawal, Andrzej, 2023, New records and first DNA barcodes of water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from Georgia, pp. 91-100 in Ecologica Montenegrina 67 on page 98, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.67.11, http://zenodo.org/record/13247074
Host Defense Peptides: Dual Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Action
Creators: name: Drayton, Matthew
name: Deisinger, Julia P.
name: Ludwig, Kevin C.
name: Raheem, Nigare
name: Müller, Anna
name: Schneider, Tanja
name: Straus, Suzana
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: The rapid rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has once again caused bacterial infections to become a global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), offer a viable solution to these pathogens due to their diverse mechanisms of actions, which include direct killing as well as immunomodulatory properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory activity). HDPs may hence provide a more robust treatment of bacterial infections. In this review, the advent of and the mechanisms that lead to antibiotic resistance will be described. HDP mechanisms of antibacterial and immunomodulatory action will be presented, with specific examples of how the HDP aurein 2.2 and a few of its derivatives, namely peptide 73 and cG4L73, function. Finally, resistance that may arise from a broader use of HDPs in a clinical setting and methods to improve biocompatibility will be briefly discussed.
Giant enhancement of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect in etchless bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet empowered by quasi-bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Tang, Qin
name: Zhang, Dandan
name: Xiao, Shuyuan
name: Qin, Meibao
name: He, Jizhou
name: Liu, Tingting
name: Liao, Qinghua
name: Yu, Tianbao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we propose an etchless bismuth-substituted yttrium iron garnet layer assisted by a one-dimensional resonant grating waveguide to enhance transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) via the excitation of quasi-bound state in the continuum. The TMOKE amplitude can be tailored by manipulating the perturbation parameter, and it can reach as high as 1.978, approaching the theoretical maximum value of 2. Additionally, a single-mode temporal coupled-mode theory is employed to further reveal the underlying physical mechanism. It is found that TMOKE is strongly related to the line width of the quasi-BIC resonance and local field enhancement, which are pivotal factors in the design and optimization of photonic devices. As a potential application, we design and numerically demonstrate a refractive index sensor based on the resonantly enhanced TMOKE, with the optimal sensitivity of 110.66 nm/RIU and the corresponding maximum figure of merit of 299.3 RIU$^{-1}$. Our work provides a simple and efficient approach for enhancing TMOKE based on an easy-to-fabricate platform, laying the groundwork for exploring and developing magneto-optical devices such as sensors, magnetic storage devices, and nonreciprocal photonic devices.
Treasures on an island? Challenges for integrating volunteer and AI-enriched metadata into GLAM systems
Creators: name: Ridge, Mia
name: Blickhan, Samantha
name: Ferriter, Meghan
Publisher: name: Digital Humanities 2024
Year: 2024
Subjects: machine learning
crowdsourcing
volunteering
cataloguing
cataloging
cultural heritage
GLAMs

description: Ingesting crowdsourced data appropriately and responsibly into GLAM management and discovery platforms was previously difficult; early projects using machine learning / AI methods to enhance or create data faced similar issues. We present original research from a survey of projects currently seeking to integrate enriched data with GLAM systems.
title: Green Fluorescence Expression in Two Aquarium Plant Species by Agrobacterium-Mediated gfp Gene Transferred into the Target Tissues
Creators: name: Panom Krachangpoj Sodsuk
Publisher: name: Department of Agriculture
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: green fluorescence
gfp expression
target tissue for gene transfer
aquarium plants

description: Thai Agricultural Research Journal, 43, 1, 66-77
Rapid, strongly magnetized accretion in the zero-net-vertical-flux shearing box
Creators: name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that there exist two qualitatively distinct turbulent states of the zero-net-vertical-flux shearing box. The first, which has been studied in detail previously, is characterized by a weakly magnetized ($β\sim50$) midplane with slow periodic reversals of the mean azimuthal field (dynamo cycles). The second, the 'low-$β$ state,' which is the main subject of this paper, is characterized by a strongly magnetized $β\sim 1$ midplane dominated by a coherent azimuthal field with much stronger turbulence and much larger accretion stress ($α\sim 1$). The low-$β$ state emerges in simulations initialized with sufficiently strong azimuthal magnetic fields. The mean azimuthal field in the low-$β$ state is quasi steady (no cycles) and is sustained by a dynamo mechanism that compensates for the continued loss of magnetic flux through the vertical boundaries; we attribute the dynamo to the combination of differential rotation and the Parker instability, although many of its details remain unclear. Vertical force balance in the low-$β$ state is dominated by the mean magnetic pressure except at the midplane, where thermal pressure support is always important (this holds true even when simulations are initialized at $β\ll 1$, provided the thermal scale height of the disk is well resolved). The efficient angular momentum transport in the low-$β$ state may resolve long-standing tension between predictions of magnetorotational turbulence (at high $β$) and observations; likewise, the bifurcation in accretion states we identify may be important for understanding the state transitions observed in dwarf novae, X-ray binaries, and changing-look AGN. We discuss directions for future work, including the implications of our results for global accretion disk models and simulations.
description: Accepted for publication in the Open Journal of Astrophysics
Can broadband support environmental sustainability?: An exploration of claims at the household level
Creators: name: Middleton, Catherine
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper looks at the ways in which broadband networks can support sustainability, focusing on the actions of individual consumers in Australia. It centres on the arguments that broadband can be used to substitute physical products with digital ones, and to substitute physical activities (like travel) with digital ones (like videoconferencing and telework). Data on current broadband availability, uptake and usage in Australia are presented. The idea that broadband technologies are currently taken up in ways that encourage sustainable action is challenged, noting that average users are not yet sufficiently interested in, or comfortable with broadband technologies to act in ways that enable sustainability. Recognising that broadband networks do have the potential to encourage sustainability at the household level, the paper identifies current constraints and offers some suggestions on mitigating them.
At the Heart of It All: Emotions of Consequence for the Conceptualization of Caregiver-Reported Outcomes in the Context of Colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Howard, A. Fuchsia
name: Lynch, Kelsey
name: Beck, Scott M.
name: Torrejón, Maria
name: Avery, Jonathan
name: Thorne, Sally E. (Sally Elizabeth), 1951-
name: Porcino, Antony Joseph
name: De Vera, Mary
name: Lambert, Leah Kimberley
name: Wolff, Angela
name: McDonald, Melanie
name: Lee, Joyce W. K.
name: Hedges, Penelope
name: McKenzie, Michael
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Colorectal cancer (CRC) can be demanding for primary caregivers; yet, there is insufficient evidence describing the caregiver-reported outcomes (CROs) that matter most to caregivers. CROs refer to caregivers’ assessments of their own health status as a result of supporting a patient. The study purpose was to describe the emotions that were most impactful to caregivers of patients with CRC, and how the importance caregivers attribute to these emotions changed from diagnosis throughout treatment. Guided by qualitative Interpretive Description, we analyzed 25 caregiver and 37 CRC patient interviews, either as individuals or as caregiver-patient dyads (six interviews), using inductive coding and constant comparative techniques. We found that the emotional aspect of caring for a patient with CRC was at the heart of caregiving. Caregiver experiences that engendered emotions of consequence included: (1) facing the patient’s life-changing diagnosis and an uncertain future, (2) needing to be with the patient throughout the never-ending nightmare of treatment, (3) bearing witness to patient suffering, (4) being worn down by unrelenting caregiver responsibilities, (5) navigating their relationship, and (6) enduring unwanted change. The broad range of emotions important to caregivers contributes to comprehensive foundational evidence for future conceptualization and the use of CROs.
Quantum annealing versus classical solvers: Applications, challenges and limitations for optimisation problems
Creators: name: Quinton, Finley Alexander
name: Myhr, Per Arne Sevle
name: Barani, Mostafa
name: del Granado, Pedro Crespo
name: Zhang, Hongyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computing is rapidly advancing, harnessing the power of qubits' superposition and entanglement for computational advantages over classical systems. However, scalability poses a primary challenge for these machines. By implementing a hybrid workflow between classical and quantum computing instances, D-Wave has succeeded in pushing this boundary to the realm of industrial use. Furthermore, they have recently opened up to mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problems, expanding their applicability to many relevant problems in the field of optimisation. However, the extent of their suitability for diverse problem categories and their computational advantages remains unclear. This study conducts a comprehensive examination by applying a selection of diverse case studies to benchmark the performance of D-Wave's hybrid solver against that of industry-leading solvers such as CPLEX, Gurobi, and IPOPT. The findings indicate that D-Wave's hybrid solver is currently most advantageous for integer quadratic objective functions and shows potential for quadratic constraints. To illustrate this, we applied it to a real-world energy problem, specifically the MILP unit commitment problem. While D-Wave can solve such problems, its performance has not yet matched that of its classical counterparts.
An Interview with David Skellern
Creators: name: Fell, Liz
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Dr David Skellern is the Chief Executive Officer of National Information and Communications
Technology Australia (NICTA) Ltd, the not-for-profit company that operates a world-class national
centre dedicated to ICT research excellence. He was first appointed as NICTA CEO in
2005 and reappointed last year until 2011.
The Science of Team Science and Inclusivity in Heliophysics
Creators: name: McGranaghan, Ryan
name: Thompson, Barbara
name: Halford, Alexa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: team science
collaboration
transdisciplinary
data science
diversity
inclusivity

description: Heliophysics is inherently transdisciplinary and requires solutions that address the cultural as well as the technical challenges. We describe a new sensibility to overcome the cultural challenge that is guided by plurality of thought and the science of team science. This white paper identifies an important and ongoing conversation about a cultural change needed to advance Heliophysics science.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SYSTEM OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN HIGHER SCHOOL
Creators: name: Sadikova, Khurliman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article is devoted to provide solutions for the methodological issues with the way English is taught in high school. The most successful of them in the context of the problem of a choice of technologies and methods of teaching English in a modern higher education institution are proven in this article by examination and research of theoretical and methodical elements of novel technologies of training.
Multi-Point Compositional Measurements of Solar Wind and Transient Phenomena
Creators: name: Rivera, Yeimy J.
name: Higginson, Aleida
name: Lepri, Susan T.
name: Viall, Nicholeen M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: solar wind
coronal mass ejection
ion and elemental composition

description: White paper for the Heliophysics 2050 workshop on the necessity for continuous 4π coverage of compositional measurements to study plasma between the Sun and heliosphere to gain a comprehensive understanding of the solar wind’s method of release and its energization.
Random Chowla's Conjecture for Rademacher Multiplicative Functions
Creators: name: Chinis, Jake
name: Shala, Besfort
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N37, 11N64, 11D45

description: We study the distribution of partial sums of Rademacher random multiplicative functions $(f(n))_n$ evaluated at polynomial arguments. We show that for a polynomial $P\in \mathbb Z[x]$ that is a product of at least two distinct linear factors or an irreducible quadratic satisfying a natural condition, there exists a constant $κ_P>0$ such that
 \[
 \frac{1}{\sqrt{κ_P N}}\sum_{n\leq N}f(P(n))\xrightarrow{d}\mathcal{N}(0,1),
 \]
 as $N\rightarrow\infty$, where convergence is in distribution to a standard (real) Gaussian. This confirms a conjecture of Najnudel and addresses a question of Klurman-Shkredov-Xu.
 We also study large fluctuations of $\sum_{n\leq N}f(n^2+1)$ and show that there almost surely exist arbitrarily large values of $N$ such that \[ \Big|\sum_{n\leq N}f(n^2+1)\Big|\gg \sqrt{N \log\log N}. \] This matches the bound one expects from the law of iterated logarithm.
description: 25 pages, accepted to Transactions of the AMS
Seawater Desalination
Creators: name: Kusers, Sergejs
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: membrane-based desalination (MBD)
thermal distillation (TD)
solar steam generation (SSG) (
Low temperature multi-effect distillation (LT-MED)
multi-stage flash (MSF)
single vapor compression unit (VC)
bottom heating evaporators
volume heating evaporators
interface solar steam generation evaporators (ISSG)
Bottom heating system
Interfacial heating system
Isolation heating systems
plasmonic materials
boron (B)
membrane distillation (MD)
electrodialysis (ED)
forward osmosis (FO)
reverse osmosis (RO)
Volumetric heating system
semi-permeable membrane
Electrodialysis
sweeping gas
ammonium bicarbonate solution
synthetic mangrove
brine discharge
Seawater Desalination Methods

description: Over the past century, the consumption of fresh water in the world has increased by several times, and the Earth's water resources do not meet such a rapid increase in human needs, caused by an exponential population growth, expanding industry and a climate change, particularly droughts. 

At present, over 2.8 billion of people around the world are coming up against water scarcity (Mohammadi et al., 2019). In 2021, the mean of irrevocable water consumption (i.e., a nonrenewable water that cannot be replenished) in agriculture varied between 60%-80%, in industry 5%-15%, and in domestic sector 10%-15%. The amount of non-renewable water prevails in regions with a lack of water resources (Koronkevich, Barabanova and Zaitseva, 2022).

In 2021 the total amount of water consumption was 4489 km³, 2247 km³ of this amount was a non-renewable water (Koronkevich, Barabanova and Zaitseva, 2022, fig. 4). Obtaining freshwater includes such techniques as wastewater treatment, atmospheric water collection, and seawater desalination (SD) (Cai et al., 2023). In 2019, the total amount of desalinated water production was 92.5 million m³ (0.0925 km³) daily (Mohammadi et al., 2019).

This Report aims to give a brief description of main seawater desalinationtechniques, emphasizing their features and potential problems. 
description: IntroductionMethodsThermal DistillationSolar Steam Generation (SSG)Membrane-based DesalinationInnovative Desalination Technology Potential Problems List of References
Urinary cotinine levels and environmental tobacco smoke in mothers and children of Romania, Portugal and Poland within the European human biomonitoring pilot study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Passivrauch
Human-Biomonitoring

description: The aim of this study was to explore data from the DEMOCOPHES study population for Romania, Portugal and Poland, in order to assess smoking patterns and the extent of ETS exposure and compare the national study samples with reference to the respective anti-smoking laws. The subset of the DEMOCOPHES study sample consisted of 360 children and their mothers (120 in each of the three countries - Romania (RO), Portugal (PT) and Poland (PL). Smoking was assessed using a detailed questionnaire for the participants, which addresses both active and passive smoking.
This assessment uses exposure-relevant questionnaire data, in particular on the home environment and residence, socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle such as nutrition, smoking behavior, other exposure-relevant behavior and occupational history, as well as urinary cotinine and creatinine measurements. We performed general statistical analysis and innovative receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Smoking prevalence as evaluated by the questionnaire was generally high, and higher than official statistics, which suggests some under-reporting in the countries, particularly in Romania. Urinary cotinine levels provided biochemical confirmation of the high and similar smoking prevalence for the three countries. Concerning ETS exposure, Romania presented significantly higher levels, for children as well as for non-smoking mothers, with Portugal showing significantly lower levels. Compared to non-smoking mothers, the children showed relatively higher ETS exposure levels in all three countries.
The established country-specific optimal cut-off values in urinary cotinine to distinguish smokers from non-smokers vary more than those to discriminate ETS exposure extent in non-smoking mothers and children. Although different between countries, these values are a valuable output to monitor effectiveness of both national antismoking laws and educational programs in the three countries.
The findings of this study point to the urgent need for stronger, more effective and well enforced smoke-free legislation in the three countries.
Quelle: http://www.sciencedirect.com/
(Research Master's Thesis) Fire under the lens: the Mesolithic magnified. A study into the use and function of Mesolithic hearth pits in the Netherlands through the use of soil micromorphology
Creators: name: Kamstra, Hester
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mesolithic archaeology
Soil micromorphology
Prehistoric fire
Mesolithic technology
Geoarchaeology

description: The main aim of this study has been to gain insight into the use and function of Mesolithic hearth pits features that are found consistently around the Netherlands. While existing research shed light on the spatial configuration of these pits, their chronological distribution and general morphology, information on the exact function of these features remained unavailable. Moreover, an overview of inter- and intrasite variation between hearth pits was lacking. By using soil micromorphology in the form of a quantitative approach, the analysis in this study has demonstrated that the hearth pits might have been used for tar production, food preparation or the thermal preparation of lithics. All three functions require low temperatures in addition to an oxygen-starved environment. It is difficult to differentiate between these hypotheses on the basis of micromorphological observations, since the characteristics observed could theoretically be the result of either of the three activities.

 Moreover, a clear corpus of baseline observations specifically related to the various functions is currently not available. Still, there seems to be a certain degree of variation among the features, with tar-like substances and charred topsoil material only being present in a select few pits. Whether these differences are related to meaningful functional variation or to post-depositional influences remains unclear. Local geology or hydrology might also be partially responsible. Nevertheless, the large amounts of features on long revisited sites that required a certain amount of time investment and a temporal lack of mobility indicates the importance of the hearth pits in Mesolithic hunter-gatherer communities.

 It is suggested that the pit clusters might be representative of prehistoric travel routes. In the light of future research it is recommended that a set of baseline micromorphological observations is collected through either experimental work or the sampling of features in the context of ethnographic study. Moreover, the scientific techniques already used on a small number of hearth pits should be implemented on more features, to facilitate comparison. Even though this study has not been successful in providing a conclusive answer to the question on the function and use of hearth pit features, it gives valuable insight into some possible interpretations that can be tested in a very targeted fashion. Mesolithic hearth pits should remain in our focus, under the lens.
Non-beverage alcohol consumption among individuals experiencing chronic homelessness in Edmonton, Canada: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Westenberg, Jean
name: Kamel, Mostafa
name: Addorisio, Sindi
name: Abusamak, Mohammad
name: Wong, James S. H.
name: Outadi, Ava
name: Jang, Kerry L. (Kerry Leslie), 1962-
name: Krausz, Michael
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background Among individuals experiencing homelessness, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder is extremely high. Alcohol-related harms are compounded by the use of non-beverage alcohol (NBA; e.g. rubbing alcohol, cooking wine). The dangers of NBA consumption pose significant risks to the individual and to others when consumed in large quantities and when mixed with other substances. The objectives of this paper are to describe the alcohol consumption patterns of individuals experiencing homelessness, identify substance use patterns, psychological stressors, and related harms associated with NBA consumption, and compare NBA consumers to non-NBA consumers in relation to their use of services and perceived barriers to care. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey, 150 individuals experiencing homelessness were recruited from Edmonton’s inner city and adjoining areas. Frequency, quantity, and volume of alcohol consumption were used to assess patterns of alcohol use in the last 6 months. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses were used to compare participants reporting NBA consumption and non-NBA consumption (p ≤ 0.05). Results The majority of participants were male (71.3%) and self-identified as Indigenous (74.0%). Overall, 24% (n = 36) reported NBA consumption within the last six months. NBA consumers were older than non-NBA consumers (p = 0.005), reported different perceived living stability (p = 0.022), and had higher psychological distress (p = 0.038). The majority of NBA consumers reported not receiving harm reduction services while also not needing such services (n = 18, 51.4%), which differed from non-NBA consumers (p = 0.003). Structural barriers (e.g. availability, location, cost) were most frequently reported as reasons for unmet harm reduction (60.9%) and hospital care (58.3%) needs, while barriers to skills training (58.5%) and counselling services (53.6%) were mostly motivational (e.g. personal beliefs). Conclusions Within such an already marginalized population experiencing homelessness, individuals who consume NBA represent a vulnerable subpopulation who require adapted and distinct health and social services to stabilize and recover. Current harm reduction services are not prepared to effectively assist this group of individuals, and specific treatment programs are rare. Managed alcohol programs are a feasible approach but must be tailored to the specific needs of those who consume NBA, which is especially important for Indigenous people. More comprehensive assessments of NBA consumption are needed for program development and policy recommendations.
title: Prospects and Challenges: Teaching an Introductory Course on International Education in U.S. Classroom
Creators: name: Gurung, Manaslu
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Free Market
subject: International Education
subject: Research
subject: Experiences
subject: Teaching
subject: United States
subject: US
subject: Classroom
subject: Challenges
subject: Third World
subject: First World
subject: Global Perspectives
subject: Globalization
subject: Political
subject: Economic
subject: Social
subject: Implications
subject: Poverty
subject: Conflicts
subject: Instructors
subject: Methods
subject: Improve
subject: Course
subject: Accessibility
subject: Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education
subject: Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Disability and Equity in Education
subject: Education
subject: Education Economics
subject: International and Comparative Education
subject: Teacher Education and Professional Development

description: The purpose of this research is to explore the experiences of teaching an introductory course on International Education in a US classroom. The study focuses on some of the leading challenges of discussing links between international education and international development from a variety of global perspectives, particularly the Third World perspective. The underlying goal of this reflective research is to address the importance of International Education is today’s world where education continues to be political and where what we see, understand, and value in the First World impacts the Third World more directly and severely than ever before. Free Market and globalization continue to shrink our world but covertly hide the underlying social, political and economic implications of this inter-connectedness. Unmasking these underlying implications is very important in understanding global inequality and legacy of Third World Poverty. The much promised better life that education has failed to deliver in the Third World while the First World prospers forces International Educators to look more critically into the role of education itself in widening this gap between the two worlds. Given the broader political context and importance of International Education, the role of international educators is an important one. Drawing from experiences of a dozen instructors, this research focuses on some of the major conflicts in introducing Third world issues in a first world classroom. The study also discusses how each of these conflicts were handled by the individual instructors and what innovative methods were used to improve the teaching of the course every subsequent semester.