cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The polyomavirus early region gene in transgenic mice causes vascular and bone tumors.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: Transgenic mice carrying the entire polyomavirus (Py) early region consistently develop both vascular and bone tumors. This tumor spectrum represents a subset of the tumors found in mice infected with Py and an expansion of the vascular tumor spectrum seen in Py middle T antigen (MT) transgenic mice (V. L. Bautch, S. Toda, J. A. Hassell, and D. Hanahan, Cell 51:529-538, 1987). Transgenic mice of three independent lineages develop these pathologies, and mice of individual lineages also develop lymphangiomas and fibrosarcomas. All tumors are of mesenchymal origin, and all tumor tissues express the Py transgene. Some unaffected tissues, including the testes of mice of all lineages, also express the Py transgene. The number of transgene expression sites in mice of a given lineage correlates with the severity and latency of the tumor phenotype in these animals. Analysis of transgene transcripts indicates that RNAs for Py large T antigen (LT), MT, and small T antigen (ST) are present in both tumors and testes of transgenic mice. The ratio of LT RNA to MT and ST RNAs, however, is higher in testes than in tumors and other unaffected tissues, indicating that tissue-specific differences in the relative amounts of the alternatively spliced Py RNAs exist. The finding that some sites of Py transgene expression are susceptible to tumor formation while other expressing tissues such as testes are refractory to tumorigenesis suggests that mechanisms of viral pathogenesis are influenced by a tissue specificity in the effects of the Py early region.
Alterations of the p53 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy which is consistently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The structure of the EBV genome in NPC suggests that NPC is a clonal proliferation of epithelial cells which emerges after EBV infection. The disease develops with high incidence in specific populations in discrete geographic locations, implicating possible genetic or environmental cofactors. Mutations of the p53 gene are among the most frequent genetic changes found in a large variety of human tumors. Mutations in p53 have been shown to abrogate the suppressor function of wild-type p53 and thus contribute to the transformed phenotype. To determine if mutation in p53 participates in the development of the malignant clone in NPC, the structure and sequence of p53 in 42 primary, metastatic, and nude mouse-passaged NPC specimens was analyzed. A high frequency (6 of 9) of mutations was detected in the nude mouse-passaged tumors, while only 2 of 15 metastatic and 0 of the 18 primary tumors harbored mutant p53. The p53 mutations included single-point mutations and more extensive changes such as frame shifts, deletion, duplication, or complete loss of coding sequences. These data indicate that alterations of the p53 gene are unlikely to be involved in the initial genetic events leading to the clonal outgrowth in NPC. However, although it is a rare NPC which can be established in nude mice, this growth advantage appears to be conferred on tumors bearing a mutant p53.
Antigenic structure of human hepatitis A virus defined by analysis of escape mutants selected against murine monoclonal antibodies.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: We examined the antigenic structure of human hepatitis A virus (HAV) by characterizing a series of 21 murine monoclonal-antibody-resistant neutralization escape mutants derived from the HM175 virus strain. The escape phenotype of each mutant was associated with reduced antibody binding in radioimmunofocus assays. Neutralization escape mutations were identified at the Asp-70 and Gln-74 residues of the capsid protein VP3, as well as at Ser-102, Val-171, Ala-176, and Lys-221 of VP1. With the exception of the Lys-221 mutants, substantial cross-resistance was evident among escape mutants tested against a panel of 22 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, suggesting that the involved residues contribute to epitopes composing a single antigenic site. As mutations at one or more of these residues conferred resistance to 20 of 22 murine antibodies, this site appears to be immunodominant in the mouse. However, multiple mutants selected independently against any one monoclonal antibody had mutations at only one or, at the most, two amino acid residues within the capsid proteins, confirming that there are multiple epitopes within this antigenic site and suggesting that single-amino-acid residues contributing to these epitopes may play key roles in the binding of individual antibodies. A second, potentially independent antigenic site was identified by three escape mutants with different substitutions at Lys-221 of VP1. These mutants were resistant only to antibody H7C27, while H7C27 effectively neutralized all other escape mutants. These data support the existence of an immunodominant neutralization site in the antigenic structure of hepatitis A virus which involves residues of VP3 and VP1 and a second, potentially independent site involving residue 221 of VP1.
Refined Particle Swarm Intelligence Method for Abrupt Motion Tracking
Creators: name: Lim, Mei Kuan
name: Chan, Chee Seng
name: Monekosso, Dorothy
name: Remagnino, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conventional tracking solutions are not feasible in handling abrupt motion as they are based on smooth motion assumption or an accurate motion model. Abrupt motion is not subject to motion continuity and smoothness. To assuage this, we deem tracking as an optimisation problem and propose a novel abrupt motion tracker that based on swarm intelligence - the SwaTrack. Unlike existing swarm-based filtering methods, we first of all introduce an optimised swarm-based sampling strategy to tradeoff between the exploration and exploitation of the search space in search for the optimal proposal distribution. Secondly, we propose Dynamic Acceleration Parameters (DAP) allow on the fly tuning of the best mean and variance of the distribution for sampling. Such innovating idea of combining these strategies in an ingenious way in the PSO framework to handle the abrupt motion, which so far no existing works are found. Experimental results in both quantitative and qualitative had shown the effectiveness of the proposed method in tracking abrupt motions.
description: Accepted in Information Sciences, new abrupt motion (MAMo) dataset is introduced
Characterization of human cytomegalovirus UL84 early gene and identification of its putative protein product.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The DNA sequence and transcription pattern of human cytomegalovirus early gene UL84 were analyzed. This gene was mapped within a 2.6-kb PstI fragment located between 0.534 and 0.545 map unit of the large unique segment of the human cytomegalovirus genome, which is adjacent to the pp65 and pp71 genes. A 2.0-kb mRNA was transcribed from this region in the same leftward direction as the mRNAs of the pp65 and pp71 genes. The message was first detected at 2.5 h postinfection and reached a maximal level between 72 and 96 h postinfection. The nucleotide sequences of the 2.6-kb PstI genomic DNA fragment and the cDNA derived from this region were determined. The resulting data revealed a polyadenylation signal (AATAAA) located 14 nucleotides upstream from the poly(A) tail of the cDNA and a 1,761-bp open reading frame capable of encoding a 65-kDa polypeptide. A potential leucine zipper was found in the N-terminal half of the peptide molecule between amino acids 114 and 135. In addition, a different periodic leucine repeat with leucine at every eighth position was found between amino acids 325 and 373. The transcriptional initiation site of this early gene was determined by primer extension analysis. A putative TATA box (TATTTAA) located 24 bp upstream of the cap site and several inverted repeats were found in the region further upstream of the TATA box. To test whether the open reading frame of this cDNA encodes a virus-specific protein, the cDNA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein used to generate antibodies in rabbits. A protein with a molecular size of 65 kDa was detected in the infected-cell extracts harvested at 6 to 72 h postinfection, but not in purified virions, using immunoblot analysis. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescences were found at late stages of virus infection. From the results obtained, we postulate that UL84 may be a stable, virus-specific, nonstructural protein capable of forming a homo- or heterodimeric molecule.
Characterization of unintegrated retroviral DNA with long terminal repeat-associated cell-derived inserts.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: We have used a replication-competent shuttle vector based on the genome of Rous sarcoma virus to characterize genomic rearrangements that occur during retrovirus replication. The strategy involved cloning circular DNA that was generated during an acute infection. While analyzing a class of retroviral DNA clones that are greater than full length, we found several clones which had acquired nonviral inserts in positions adjacent to the long terminal repeats (LTRs). There appear to be two distinct mechanisms leading to the incorporation of cellular sequences into these clones. Three of the molecules contain a cell-derived insert at the circle junction site between two LTR units. Two of these molecules appear to be the results of abortive integration attempts, because of which, in each case, one of the LTRs is missing 2 bases at its junction with the cell-derived insert. In the third clone, pNO220, the cellular sequences are flanked by an inappropriately placed copy of the tRNA primer-binding site on one side and a partial copy of the U3 sequence as part of the LTR on the other side. A fourth molecule we characterized, pMD96, has a single LTR with a U5-bounded deletion of viral sequences spanning gag and pol, with cell-derived sequences inserted at the site of the deletion; its origin may be related mechanistically to pNO220. Sequence analysis indicates that all of the cellular inserts were derived from the cell line used for the acute infection rather than from sequences carried into the cell as part of the virus particle. Northern (RNA) analysis of cellular RNA demonstrated that the cell-derived sequences of two clones, pNO220 and pMD96, were expressed as polyadenylated RNA in uninfected cells. One mechanism for the joining of viral and cellular sequences suggested by the structures of pNO220 and pMD96 is recombination occurring during viral DNA synthesis, with cellular RNA serving as the template for the acquisition of cellular sequences.
Conformational alteration of Sindbis virion glycoproteins induced by heat, reducing agents, or low pH.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Sindbis virions undergo a conformational rearrangement after attachment to cells but prior to entry, as detected by exposure of epitopes on virus-cell complexes which are not accessible to their cognate monoclonal antibodies on native virions (D. C. Flynn, W. J. Meyer, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 64:3643-3653, 1990). The rearrangement did not appear to require transit of virions through a low-pH environment, and the altered virions participated in a productive infection. This naturally occurring structural alteration could be mimicked, although not precisely duplicated, by any of the three artificial treatments of purified virions in vitro: brief incubation at 51 degrees C, treatment with 1 to 5 mM dithiothreitol, or incubation of pH 5.8 to 6.0. Infectivity was maintained after all three treatments, suggesting that Sindbis virions are metastable and can exist in at least two infectious conformations. The integrity of external, neutralizing epitopes was maintained on cell-associated virions and in the altered conformations induced by heat and dithiothreitol, whereas these epitopes were unreactive under low-pH conditions that induced an analogous exposure of previously inaccessible epitopes. The pH at which the conformational change was induced and the pH at which virions could mediate cell-cell fusion from without were coordinately shifted when these two parameters were determined for another strain of Sindbis virus. This coordinate shift in pH optima suggests that the conformational change in virion structure observed at the cell surface may be causally related to fusion.
Lower extremity fracture prevention and management in persons with spinal cord injuries and disorders: The patient perspective
Creators: name: Etingen, Bella
name: Carbone, Laura D.
name: Guihan, Marylou
name: Ray, Cara
name: Aslam, Hamad
name: Elam, Rachel
name: Weaver, Frances M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: To describe patient experiences with fracture prevention and management among persons with spinal cord injuries/disorders (SCI/D). Qualitative data collected via semi-structured telephone interviews. Veterans Health Administration (VA) SCI/D System of Care. Veterans with SCI/D (n = 32) who had experienced at least one lower-extremity fracture in the prior 18 months. N/A. Interview questions addressed patients’: pre-fracture knowledge of osteoporosis and bone health, diagnosis and management of osteoporosis, history and experiences with fracture treatment, and post-fracture care and experiences. Participants expressed concerns about bone health and fractures in particular, which for some, limited activities and participation. Participants recalled receiving little information from providers about bone health or osteoporosis and described little knowledge about osteoporosis prevention prior to their fracture. Few participants reported medication management for osteoporosis, however many reported receiving radiographs/scans to confirm a fracture and most reported being managed non-operatively. Some reported preference for surgical treatment and believed their outcomes would have been better had their fracture been managed differently. Many reported not feeling fully included in treatment decision-making. Some described decreased function, independence and/or participation post-fracture. Our results indicate that persons with SCI/D report lacking substantive knowledge about bone health and/or fracture prevention, and following fracture, feel unable and/or hesitant to resume pre-fracture participation. In addition, our findings indicate that individuals with SCI/D may not feel as engaged as they would like to be in establishing fracture treatment plans. As such, persons with SCI/D may benefit from ongoing discussions with providers about risks and benefits of fracture treatment options and consideration of subsequent function and participation, to ensure patients preferences are considered.
Consistent transcription of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP2 gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Two species of the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 2, LMP2A and LMP2B, are generated by alternative splicing, each species having a distinct first exon. LMP2 transcription in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), which is consistently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, was investigated. Fifteen NPC specimens were analyzed by Northern (RNA) blot and RNA-based polymerase chain reaction; the LMP2A transcript was present in all specimens except one. In some specimens the LMP2B transcript was also detected. Sequence analysis of LMP2 cDNAs obtained from two NPC specimens revealed four mutations in exon 1 of the LMP2A transcript, which were present in both tumors and which resulted in nonconservative amino acid changes. These data suggest that the LMP2 expressed in NPC is distinct from that which is expressed in lymphoid cells.
Zero-Shot Object Recognition System based on Topic Model
Creators: name: Hoo, Wai Lam
name: Chan, Chee Seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object recognition systems usually require fully complete manually labeled training data to train the classifier. In this paper, we study the problem of object recognition where the training samples are missing during the classifier learning stage, a task also known as zero-shot learning. We propose a novel zero-shot learning strategy that utilizes the topic model and hierarchical class concept. Our proposed method advanced where cumbersome human annotation stage (i.e. attribute-based classification) is eliminated. We achieve comparable performance with state-of-the-art algorithms in four public datasets: PubFig (67.09%), Cifar-100 (54.85%), Caltech-256 (52.14%), and Animals with Attributes (49.65%) when unseen classes exist in the classification task.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems
Regulation of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase gene.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The gene (pol) encoding the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase is a member of the "early" class of viral genes which are expressed shortly after activation of latent virus infection. First, mRNA from the EBV-producing cell line, B95-8, treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and sodium butyrate to induce lytic replication and expression of this gene was analyzed. Northern (RNA) analysis revealed a message of 3.7 kb found only in induced cells. 5' mapping of pol mRNA by S1 nuclease and primer extension analyses indicates that transcription initiates at tightly clustered sites within a G + C-rich region 126 bp upstream of the open reading frame. The same initiation region was identified in two other EBV-infected cell lines, P3HR1 and Raji, after induction. Second, a 1.29-kb genomic fragment containing this region, when cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, demonstrated promoter activity in lymphoid cells cotransfected with pEBV-RZ, a genomic expression construct that includes genes for the EBV immediate-early transactivator proteins, BZLF-1 and BRLF-1. Within the upstream 1.29-kb sequence, two regions of 140 bp and 101 bp appear to be needed for promoter activity. These results demonstrate that unlike most EBV genes studied thus far, the pol gene contains multiple transcriptional start sites. The upstream regulatory region of the promoter for the pol gene does not contain canonical promoter elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes and, furthermore, is not constitutively active but requires transactivation by two or more viral proteins.
The Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early promoter BRLF1 can be activated by the cellular Sp1 transcription factor.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: Disruption of viral latency in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells is mediated through the activation of the BZLF1 (Z) immediate-early gene product. The Z protein can be derived from either of two promoters: the BZLF1 promoter, which directs transcription of a 1.0-kb mRNA encoding the Z gene product alone, or the upstream BRLF1 promoter, which directs transcription of a 2.8-kb bicistronic mRNA encoding the BRLF1 and BZLF1 immediate-early proteins. In this study we have examined the regulation of the BRLF1 promoter by viral and cellular factors. We found that the BRLF1 promoter is autoregulated by the BRLF1 transactivator through a nonbinding mechanism. We show that the BRLF1 (but not the BZLF1) promoter is highly responsive to the Sp1 transcription factor. Sp1 activation of the BRLF1 promoter is mediated through a consensus Sp1-binding site located from -39 to -44 (relative to the mRNA start site). We demonstrate that the BRLF1 promoter has high constitutive activity in C-33 cells (an epithelial cell line) and that the proximal Sp1-binding site is required for this activity. Despite the ubiquitous presence of Sp1 in many cell types, we found that the BRLF1 promoter has essentially no activity in lymphoid cell lines, suggesting that factors other than Sp1 may negatively regulate the BRLF1 promoter in these cells. Our findings demonstrate that the two potential promoters directing BZLF1 transcription are differentially regulated and that Sp1 can activate the BRLF1 promoter but not the BZLF1 promoter.
Automorphic Representations of $\SL(2,\mathbb R)$ and Quantization of Fields
Creators: name: Diep, Do Ngoc
name: Quynh, Do Thi Phuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E45

description: In this paper we make a clear relationship between the automorphic representations and the quantization through the Geometric Langlands Correspondence. We observe that the discrete series representation are realized in the sum of eigenspaces of Cartan generator, and then present the automorphic representations in form of induced representations with inducing quantum bundle over a Riemann surface and then use the loop group representation construction to realize the automorphic representations. The Lanlands picture of automorphic representations is precised by using the Poisson summation formula.
Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene sequences present in vivo.
Creators: name: Smith, M
name: Nantermet, P
name: Glueck, D
name: Shugars, D
name: Seillier-Moiseiwitsch, F
name: Swanstrom, R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The nef genes of the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and the related simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) encode a protein (Nef) whose role in virus replication and cytopathicity remains uncertain. As an attempt to elucidate the function of nef, we characterized the nucleotide and corresponding protein sequences of naturally occurring nef genes obtained from several HIV-1-infected individuals. A consensus Nef sequence was derived and used to identify several features that were highly conserved among the Nef sequences. These features included a nearly invariant myristylation signal, regions of sequence polymorphism and variable duplication, a region with an acidic charge, a (Pxx)4 repeat sequence, and a potential protein kinase C phosphorylation site. Clustering of premature stop codons at position 124 was noted in 6 of the 54 Nef sequences. Further analysis revealed four stretches of residues that were highly conserved not only among the patient-derived HIV-1 Nef sequences, but also among the Nef sequences of HIV-2 and the SIVs, suggesting that Nef proteins expressed by these retroviruses are functionally equivalent. The "Nef-defining" sequences were used to evaluate the sequence alignments of known proteins reported to share sequence similarity with Nef sequences and to conduct additional computer-based searches for similar protein sequences. A gene encoding the consensus Nef sequence was also generated. This gene encodes a full-length Nef protein that should be a valuable tool in further studies of Nef function.
Use and evaluation of assistive technologies for upper limb function in tetraplegia
Creators: name: Readioff, Rosti
name: Siddiqui, Zaha Kamran
name: Stewart, Caroline
name: Fulbrook, Louisa
name: O’Connor, Rory J.
name: Chadwick, Edward K.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: More than half of all spinal cord injuries (SCI) occur at the cervical level leading to loss of upper limb function, restricted activity and reduced independence. Several technologies have been developed to assist with upper limb functions in the SCI population. There is no clear clinical consensus on the effectiveness of the current assistive technologies for the cervical SCI population, hence this study reviews the literature in the years between 1999 and 2019. A systematic review was performed on the state-of-the-art assistive technology that supports and improves the function of impaired upper limbs in cervical SCI populations. Combinations of terms, covering assistive technology, SCI, and upper limb, were used in the search, which resulted in a total of 1770 articles. Data extractions were performed on the selected studies which involved summarizing details on the assistive technologies, characteristics of study participants, outcome measures, and improved upper limb functions when using the device. A total of 24 articles were found and grouped into five categories, including neuroprostheses (invasive and non-invasive), orthotic devices, hybrid systems, robots, and arm supports. Only a few selected studies comprehensively reported characteristics of the participants. There was a wide range of outcome measures and all studies reported improvements in upper limb function with the devices. This study highlighted that assistive technologies can improve functions of the upper limbs in SCI patients. It was challenging to draw generalizable conclusions because of factors, such as heterogeneity of recruited participants, a wide range of outcome measures, and the different technologies employed.
Cell type-specific proteins which interact with the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis A virus RNA.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The 5' nontranslated region (5'NTR) of hepatitis A virus (HAV) RNA contains structural elements which facilitate 5' cap-independent initiation of virus translation and are likely to interact with cellular proteins functioning as translation initiation factors. To define these interactions, we characterized the binding of ribosome-associated proteins from several cell types to synthetic RNAs representing segments of the 5'NTR by using a UV cross-linking/label transfer assay. Four major proteins (p30, p39, p57, and p110) were identified. p30 and p39 were present in ribosomal salt washes prepared only from HAV-permissive BS-C-1 and FRhK-4 cells, while p57 was found only in HeLa cells and rabbit reticulocyte lysates. p110 was present in all cell types. Both p30 and p39 bound to multiple sites within the 5'NTR. Efficient transfer of label to p30 occurred with minimal RNA probes representing nucleotides (nt) 96 to 155, 151 to 354, and, to a much lesser extent, 634 to 744, while label transfer to p39 occurred with probes representing nt 96 to 155 and 634 to 744. All of these probes represent regions of the 5'NTR which are rich in pyrimidines. Competitive inhibition studies indicated that both p30 and p39 bound with greater affinity to sites in the 5' half of the NTR (a probe representing nt 1 to 354) than to the more 3' site (nt 634 to 744). Binding of p39 to the probe representing nt 96 to 155 was inhibited in the presence of an equal amount of proteins derived from HeLa cells, suggesting that p39 shares binding site specificity with one or more HeLa cell proteins. A 57-kDa protein in HeLa cell protein extracts reacted with antibody to polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in immunoblots, but no immunoreactive protein was identified in a similar BS-C-1 protein fraction. These results demonstrate that ribosome-associated proteins which bind to the 5'NTR of HAV vary substantially among different mammalian cell types, possibly accounting for differences in the extent to which individual cell types support growth of the virus. Mutations in the 5'NTR which enhance the growth of HAV in certain cell types may reflect specific adaptive responses to these or other proteins.
A survey of clinical practice concerning long-term follow-up of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction due to spinal cord injury in Italy
Creators: name: Andretta, Elena
name: Pagliacci, Maria Cristina
name: Zuliani, Cristina
name: Filocamo, Maria Teresa
name: Losavio, Ernesto
name: Krassioukov, Andrei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: This study aimed to assess the clinical practice for long-term follow-up (FU) of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) due to spinal cord injury (SCI) in Italy and compare this practice with the clinical practice in other countries and with the international guidelines. Data concerning the long-term urological FU of individuals with SCI were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. Twenty-one Italian centers following SCI patients. One physician at each center (either a permanent staff member or chief). Questions addressed the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI), frequency of visits, urinary tract imaging examinations and urodynamic tests (UD), distinguishing between suprasacral and sacral SCI. Nineteen out of 21 centers completed the survey. In most centers, patients were recommended to undergo a visit and an ultrasound examination of urinary tract (UT) at least once a year. While the median interval between FU visits was identical (12 months) for individuals with suprasacral and sacral SCI, the two interval distributions were significantly different (suprasacral SCI: min–max 4–18, IQR = 6; sacral SCI: min–max 6–24; IQR = 8.5; P = 0.02), showing people with suprasacral SCI are followed up more often. Approximately 80% of the surveyed centers performed scheduled UD, with a yearly median frequency of 12 months (range 6–36) for patients with suprasacral SCI, as compared to a median frequency of 18 months for sacral SCI (range 0–36, P = 0.04). VideoUD and antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent UTIs are carried out only by urologists in 63% and 47.4% of the centers, respectively. Overall, Italian centers share common strategies that compare to standards, including yearly visits, yearly UT examinations and stricter follow-up of people with suprasacral SCI, but may not have standard protocols for antibiotic prophylaxis of UTI, and in few cases control visits and UD are carried out too often. Even though most Italian centers follow up patients with NLUTD secondary to SCI according to international guidelines, heterogeneity in frequency of FU examinations still exists. A tailored approach to the SCI patient that minimizes unnecessary examinations and groups different tests in a single access could improve patients’ compliance with FU and reduce costs for the Health system.
A parity breaking Ising chain Hamiltonian as a Brownian motor
Creators: name: Cornu, F.
name: Hilhorst, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the translationally invariant but parity (left-right symmetry) breaking Ising chain Hamiltonian \begin{equation} {\cal H} = -U_2\sum_{k} s_{k}s_{k+1} - U_3\sum_{k} s_{k}s_{k+1}s_{k+3} \nonumber \end{equation} and let this system evolve by Kawasaki spin exchange dynamics. Monte Carlo simulations show that perturbations forcing this system off equilibrium make it act as a Brownian molecular motor which, in the lattice gas interpretation, transports particles along the chain. We determine the particle current under various different circumstances, in particular as a function of the ratio $U_3/U_2$ and of the conserved magnetization $M=\sum_k s_k$. The symmetry of the $U_3$ term in the Hamiltonian is discussed
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Pohozaev identities for anisotropic integro-differential operators
Creators: name: Ros-Oton, Xavier
name: Serra, Joaquim
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pohozaev identity
subject: stable Lévy processes
subject: nonlocal operator.
subject: 35R09
subject: 47G20
subject: 35A01

description: We establish Pohozaev identities and integration by parts type formulas for anisotropic integro-differential operators of order 2s, with s ϵ (0, 1). These identities involve local boundary terms, in which the quantity u/ds ∂Ω plays the role that ∂u/∂v plays in the second order case. Here, u is any solution to Lu = f (x, u) in Ω, with u = 0 in Rn \ Ω , and d is the distance to ∂Ω.
Characterization of a structurally tricistronic gene of human cytomegalovirus composed of U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: A tricistronic gene mapped between 0.91 and 0.93 map units within the EcoRI D fragment of the human cytomegalovirus unique short region (U(s)) has been cloned, sequenced, and expressed in vitro. Cloned cDNAs of 2.3, 1.8, and 1.1 kb derived from this region were isolated from a lambda gt11 cDNA library made from virus-infected fibroblasts and used for this study. Two major classes of 3'-coterminal mRNAs, 2.8 and 1.1 kb, were transcribed from this region. Sequence analysis of the cDNAs and the upstream genomic DNA revealed three open reading frames (ORFs), U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20, and a common polyadenylation signal located 15 bases upstream of the poly(A) tail of both the 2.85- and 1.1-kb mRNAs. Protein structure analyses predicted the existence of multiple hydrophobic moieties, suggesting that the U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20 polypeptides were transmembrane proteins. The major transcription initiation site, determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping, for the 2.85-kb transcript was located right at the first initiation codon of the U(s)20 ORF. There was no typical TATA box or CAAT box upstream of the 2.85-kb mRNA cap site except for a TATAAGA sequence that was found about 210 bp downstream from the major cap site. The 1.1-kb transcript was initiated 33 bp upstream of the U(s)18 translation initiation site, and an atypical TATA box sequence (GATAAGA) was found 22 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Differences in transcription kinetics and sensitivities to metabolic inhibitors suggest that they were regulated by different mechanisms; the 2.85-kb mRNA belongs to the early (beta) class of transcripts, while the 1.1-kb mRNA is a late (gamma) message. Subgenomic DNA segments derived from the U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20 ORFs were subcloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with glutathione-s-transferase. Western immunoblot analysis with antibodies against the U(s)18, U(s)19, and U(s)20 fusion proteins detected virus-specific polypeptides with molecular sizes of 36, 32, and 43 kDa, respectively. All three antibodies also exhibited a positive immunofluorescence reaction with human cytomegalovirus-infected cells harvested at late stages of infection.
Continuity and density results for a one-phase nonlocal free boundary problem
Creators: name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Free boundary problems
subject: nonlocal minimalsurfaces
subject: fractional operators
subject: regularity theory
subject: fractional harmonic replacement
subject: 35R35
subject: 49N60
subject: 35R11
subject: 35A15

description: We consider a one-phase nonlocal free boundary problem obtained by the superposition of a fractional Dirichlet energy plus a nonlocal perimeter functional. We prove that the minimizers are continuous and the free boundary has positive density from both sides. For this, we also introduce a new notion of fractional harmonic replacement in the extended variables and we study its basic properties.
Detection of DNA polymerase activities associated with purified duck hepatitis B virus core particles by using an activity gel assay.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Replication of hepadnaviruses involves reverse transcription of an intermediate RNA molecule. It is generally accepted that this replication scheme is carried out by a virally encoded, multifunctional polymerase which has DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, and RNase H activities. Biochemical studies of the polymerase protein(s) have been limited by the inability to purify useful quantities of functional enzyme from virus particles and, until recently, to express enzymatically active polymerase proteins in heterologous systems. An activity gel assay which detects in situ catalytic activities of DNA polymerases after electrophoresis in partially denaturing polyacrylamide gels was used by M. R. Bavand and O. Laub (J. Virol. 62:626-628, 1988) to show the presence of DNA- and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities associated with hepatitis B virus particles produced in vitro. This assay has provided the only means by which hepadnavirus polymerase proteins have been detected in association with enzymatic activities. Since conventional methods have not allowed purification of useful quantities of enzymatically active polymerase protein(s), we have devised a protocol for purifying large quantities of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) core particles to near homogeneity. These immature virus particles contain DNA- and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activities, as shown in the endogenous DNA polymerase assay. We have used the activity gel assay to detect
The effect on Fisher--KPP propagation in a cylinder with fast diffusion on the boundary
Creators: name: Rossi, Luca
name: Tellini, Andrea
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: KPP equations
subject: reaction-diffusion systems
subject: different spatial dimensions
subject: asymptotic speed of spreading
subject: 35K57
subject: 35B40
subject: 35K40
subject: 35B53

description: In this paper we consider a reaction-diffusion equation of Fisher-KPP type inside an infinite cylindrical domain in $R^N+1$, coupled with a reaction-diffusion equation on the boundary of the domain, where potentially fast diffusion is allowed. We will study the existence of an asymptotic speed of propagation for solutions of the Cauchy problem associated with such system, as well as the dependence of this speed on the diffusivity at the boundary and the amplitude of the cylinder. When $N=1$ the domain reduces to a strip between two straight lines. This models the effect of two roads with fast diffusion on a strip-shaped field bounded by them.
Human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene 2 protein interacts with itself and with several novel cellular proteins.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene product 2 (IE2) is able to transactivate homologous and heterologous promoters alone or augmented by immediate-early gene product 1 (IE1). IE2 has also been shown to autoregulate the major immediate-early promoter by directly binding to a cis repression signal located between the TATA box and the cap site. However, IE2 has not been shown to act directly through a specific DNA sequence in transactivating various promoters. To understand whether IE2 can be indirectly involved in DNA sequence-specific transactivation through interactions with other transcriptional factors, we performed a study of the interactions of IE2 with cellular proteins. In order to study these interactions, IE cDNAs were subcloned into a bacterial expression vector, pGEX2T, by polymerase chain reaction amplification to produce fusion proteins which were full-length as well as proteins which contained various functional domains. We were able to demonstrate IE2's ability to interact directly or indirectly with several cellular proteins ranging from > 200 to 14 kDa through glutathione S-transferase-fusion protein precipitation and far-Western analysis. These interactions have been mapped to domains within IE2 which are known to be necessary for either transactivation or both transactivation and autoregulation. All of the IE2-associated proteins are nuclear proteins, and a subset are phosphorylated. In vitro-synthesized 35S-IE2 protein and bacterially expressed IE2 fusion proteins were used to study IE2-IE2 interaction by binding assay and far-Western analysis. IE2-IE2 interactions were mapped to a domain containing a putative helix-turn-helix motif located near the C terminus of IE2, between amino acids 456 and 539. However, IE2 was unable to directly interact with either IE1, an alternatively spliced variant of IE2 (55 kDa), or IE2 deletion mutants that did not contain the multimerization domain.
World Production vs. American Production of Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Stine, O. C.
name: Stine, O. C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1927
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis

description: Excerpt: About 90 per cent of the products the farmers of the United States market is directly affected by foreign competition, either in foreign markets to which we export some part of our products or in the domestic markets into which we import some part of what we consume. Some of our great staple commodities, such as wheat and cotton are sold in all the principal markets of the world in competition with foreign production. Other important commodities such as wool and hides enter the United States from all parts of the world and compete in our markets with domestic production. The producers of many of our minor crops, such as onions, prunes and hemp, are just as much affected by foreign competition as are those of our more important staple crops. In all such cases the prices of our products are determined in part by the volume and quality of the foreign production.
description: Read at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the National Association of Marketing Officials in Chicago, November 29, 1926. Revised Oct., 1927. By O. C. Stine, Sr. Agricultural Economist, Bureau of Agricultural Economics.
Optimization Methods for Sparse Pseudo-Likelihood Graphical Model Selection
Creators: name: Oh, Sang-Yun
name: Dalal, Onkar
name: Khare, Kshitij
name: Rajaratnam, Bala
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sparse high dimensional graphical model selection is a popular topic in contemporary machine learning. To this end, various useful approaches have been proposed in the context of $\ell_1$-penalized estimation in the Gaussian framework. Though many of these inverse covariance estimation approaches are demonstrably scalable and have leveraged recent advances in convex optimization, they still depend on the Gaussian functional form. To address this gap, a convex pseudo-likelihood based partial correlation graph estimation method (CONCORD) has been recently proposed. This method uses coordinate-wise minimization of a regression based pseudo-likelihood, and has been shown to have robust model selection properties in comparison with the Gaussian approach. In direct contrast to the parallel work in the Gaussian setting however, this new convex pseudo-likelihood framework has not leveraged the extensive array of methods that have been proposed in the machine learning literature for convex optimization. In this paper, we address this crucial gap by proposing two proximal gradient methods (CONCORD-ISTA and CONCORD-FISTA) for performing $\ell_1$-regularized inverse covariance matrix estimation in the pseudo-likelihood framework. We present timing comparisons with coordinate-wise minimization and demonstrate that our approach yields tremendous payoffs for $\ell_1$-penalized partial correlation graph estimation outside the Gaussian setting, thus yielding the fastest and most scalable approach for such problems. We undertake a theoretical analysis of our approach and rigorously demonstrate convergence, and also derive rates thereof.
description: NIPS accepted version
Prescribed conditions at infinity for fractional parabolic and elliptic equations with unbounded coefficients
Creators: name: Punzo, Fabio
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Existence and uniqueness results
subject: fractional parabolic and elliptic equations
subject: 35K61
subject: 35K67
subject: 35B99
subject: 35B40
subject: 35B51

description: We investigate existence and uniqueness of solutions to a class of fractional parabolic equations satisfying prescribed pointwise conditions at infinity (in space), which can be time-dependent. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behaviour of such solutions. We also consider solutions of elliptic equations satisfying appropriate conditions at infinity.
Generalized Extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics
Creators: name: Niklasson, Anders M. N.
name: Cawkwell, Marc J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended Lagrangian Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics based on Kohn-Sham density functional theory is generalized in the limit of vanishing self-consistent field optimization prior to the force evaluations. The equations of motion are derived directly from the extended Lagrangian under the condition of an adiabatic separation between the nuclear and the electronic degrees of freedom. We show how this separation is automatically fulfilled and system independent. The generalized equations of motion require only one diagonalization per time step and are applicable to a broader range of materials with improved accuracy and stability compared to previous formulations.
description: 4 figures 13 pages