cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Site-forest productivity relationships and their management implications in coastal lowland ecosystems of East Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands
Creators: name: Green, Robert Norman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Relationships between soil, physiographic, floristic, and stand properties were examined in second-growth stands on a range of imperfectly to poorly drained ecosystems on east Graham Island, Queen Charlotte Islands. The major objective was to describe ecological factors associated with variation in tree growth, as expressed by site index of western redcedar. Cedar site index was found to be strongly correlated with soil nutrient content, particularly total N and exchangeable Mg, expressed on a kg/ha basis. Decreasing site index was associated with decreasing rooting depth, due to slowly permeable horizons, and poor soil aeration, reflected by high volumetric moisture content. A simple model using total N content and volumetric moisture content summarized the relationship between cedar site index and soil properties, and accounted for 78% of the site index variation. Three site index classes used as sampling strata (redcedar site index ≤ 15, 16-20, and >20 m/50 yrs. b.h. age) could be successfully differentiated by soil properties using discriminant analysis. Natural structure in the soils data revealed through principal components analysis and cluster analysis also reflected, with minor overlap, these three site index classes. Understory vegetation could be used to differentiate the poorest site index class, however the remaining two classes could not be floristically differentiated. A simple model relating cedar site index to reciprocal averaging scores derived from vegation data, and the frequency of the nutrient-medium indicator species group only explained 44% and 31% respectively of site index variation. Site index of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and lodgepole pine were all highly correlated with redcedar site index. Hemlock and pine showed similar height growth patterns to cedar, while spruce was markedly different, showing slower height growth than cedar on poorer sites and greater height growth on better quality sites. The sensitivity of spruce to limiting site conditions was also reflected in its increasing stand volume composition with improving site quality. The sampled sites generally supported high stand volumes given the site limitations, with MAI averaging 5 m³ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ on the poorest sites (site index class 1) to 13 m³ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ on the best sites (site index class 3). Management strategies were recommended based on relationships observed in the study. Preferred tree species to manage are: for site index class 1 - cedar, pine, and hemlock; for site index class 2 - cedar, hemlock, pine, (with minor spruce); for site index class 3 - hemlock, spruce, cedar. Site productivity of these ecosystem may be improved by increasing the volume of aerated soil exploitable by tree roots. This could be achieved by site preparation which created relatively low, but wide mounds.
Improving Practical Security Engineering: Overview of the Ongoing Research
Creators: name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: research
access control
security engineering
secure software
usable security
General Computer Security

description: Security engineering is about creating viable solutions to real-world security problems-solutions that would address the requirements, be cost-effective, competitive, and yet be subject to the limitations of today security and software technologies. In this talk, I will provide an overview of the ongoing research towards improving the state of security engineering that together with my colleagues I conduct at the University of British Columbia. Specifically, I will focus on the following:  * comparative study of the approaches to security mechanisms engineering  * policy decision models & architecture(s) for massive scale enterprises  * composable policy engines * improving usability of security administration * towards security agile assurance * end-to-end selective data protection with partially-trusted proxies
Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions
Creators: name: Feng, Zhao-Qing
name: Jin, Gen-Ming
name: Li, Jun-Qing
name: Scheid, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a master equation numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively. Evaporation residue excitation functions in cold fusion reactions are investigated systematically and compared with available experimental data. Maximal production cross sections of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions with stable neutron-rich projectiles are obtained. Isotopic trends in the production of the superheavy elements Z=110, 112, 114, 116, 118 and 120 are analyzed systematically. Optimal combinations and the corresponding excitation energies are proposed.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
A D$_{2}$O detector for flux normalization of a pion decay-at-rest neutrino source
Creators: name: COHERENT Collaboration
name: Akimov, D.
name: An, P.
name: Awe, C.
name: Barbeau, P. S.
name: Becker, B.
name: Belov, V.
name: Bernardi, I.
name: Blackston, M. A.
name: Blokland, L.
name: Bolozdynya, A.
name: Cabrera-Palmer, B.
name: Chernyak, D.
name: Conley, E.
name: Daughhetee, J.
name: Day, E.
name: Detwiler, J.
name: Ding, K.
name: Durand, M. R.
name: Efremenko, Y.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Fabris, L.
name: Febbraro, M.
name: Rosso, A. Gallo
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: Green, M. P.
name: Heath, M. R.
name: Hedges, S.
name: Hoang, D.
name: Hughes, M.
name: Johnson, T.
name: Khromov, A.
name: Konovalov, A.
name: Koros, J.
name: Kozlova, E.
name: Kumpan, A.
name: Li, L.
name: Link, J. M.
name: Liu, J.
name: Markoff, D. M.
name: Mann, K.
name: Mueller, P. E.
name: Newby, J.
name: Parno, D. S.
name: Penttila, S. I.
name: Pershey, D.
name: Rapp, R.
name: Ray, H.
name: Raybern, J.
name: Razuvaeva, O.
name: Reyna, D.
name: Rich, G. C.
name: Ross, J.
name: Rudik, D.
name: Runge, J.
name: Salvat, D. J.
name: Salyapongse, A. M.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Shakirov, A.
name: Simakov, G.
name: Sinev, G.
name: Snow, W. M.
name: Sosnovstsev, V.
name: Suh, B.
name: Tayloe, R.
name: Tellez-Giron-Flores, K.
name: Tolstukhin, I.
name: Ujah, E.
name: Vanderwerp, J.
name: Varner, R. L.
name: Virtue, C. J.
name: Visser, G.
name: Ward, E. M.
name: Wiseman, C.
name: Wongjirad, T.
name: Yen, Y. -R.
name: Yoo, J.
name: Yu, C. -H.
name: Zettlemoyer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the technical design and expected performance of a 592 kg heavy-water-Cherenkov detector to measure the absolute neutrino flux from the pion-decay-at-rest neutrino source at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The detector will be located roughly 20 m from the SNS target and will measure the neutrino flux with better than 5% statistical uncertainty in 2 years. This heavy-water detector will serve as the first module of a two-module detector system to ultimately measure the neutrino flux to 2-3% at both the First Target Station and the planned Second Target Station of the SNS. This detector will significantly reduce a dominant systematic uncertainty for neutrino cross-section measurements at the SNS, increasing the sensitivity of searches for new physics.
description: As accepted to JINST
Determination of the strong coupling constant from the CLEO measurement of the total hadronic cross section in $e^+e^-$ annihilation below 10.56 GeV
Creators: name: Kuhn, Johann H.
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
name: Teubner, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using recent CLEO III results for the cross section for $e^+e^- \to {\rm hadrons}$ at seven centre-of-mass energies between 6.964 and 10.538 GeV, we derive a value for the strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z^2)=0.110_{-0.012}^{-0.010}{}_{-0.011}^{+0.010}$ where the uncertainties are uncorrelated and correlated, respectively. Our result differs significantly from the one derived by CLEO III, as a consequence of inclusion of quark mass effects and the proper matching between the effective theories with four and five flavours. Combining this new result with an analysis based on earlier cross section measurements in the energy region between 2 and 10.6 GeV, we obtain $α_s(M_Z^2)=0.119^{+0.009}_{-0.011}$, well consistent with the current world average.
description: 7 pages
Characteristic signatures of Northern Hemisphere blocking events in a Lagrangian flow network representation of the atmospheric circulation
Creators: name: Ehstand, Noémie
name: Donner, Reik V.
name: López, Cristóbal
name: Hernández-García, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past decades, boreal summers have been characterized by an increasing number of extreme weather events in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics, including persistent heat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall events with significant social, economic and environmental impacts. Many of these events have been associated with the presence of anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, in particular persistent blocking situations, i.e., nearly stationary spatial patterns of air pressure. To contribute to a better understanding of the emergence and dynamical properties of such situations, we construct complex networks representing the atmospheric circulation based on Lagrangian trajectory data of passive tracers advected within the atmospheric flow. For these Lagrangian flow networks, we study the spatial patterns of selected node properties prior to, during and after different atmospheric blocking events in Northern Hemisphere summer. We highlight the specific network characteristics associated with the sequence of strong blocking episodes over Europe during summer 2010 as an illustrative example. Our results demonstrate the ability of the node degree, entropy and harmonic closeness centrality based on outgoing links to trace important spatio-temporal characteristics of atmospheric blocking events. In particular, all three measures capture the effective separation of the stationary pressure cell forming the blocking high from the normal westerly flow and the deviation of the main atmospheric currents around it. Our results suggest the utility of further exploiting the Lagrangian flow network approach to atmospheric circulation in future targeted diagnostic and prognostic studies.
New insights on the use of the Fairtrade social premium
Creators: name: Sellare, Jorge
name: Sellare, Jorge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: certification
subject: cooperatives
subject: Fairtrade premium
subject: social premium
subject: sustainability standards

description: Fairtrade standards differentiate themselves from other sustainability standards such as Rainforest Alliance and UTZ by demanding that buyers pay to farmers at least a minimum price and a Fairtrade social premium – a sum that is paid to cooperatives in addition to the agreed price to be used in projects to strengthen the cooperative and to benefit the community in the villages more broadly. The latter is often mentioned in the literature as one of the key mechanisms through which Fairtrade engenders changes in the small farm sector. However, no previous study has explicitly analyzed what the social premium is used for, which factors affect the decision-making processes, and whether farmers, workers, and the local communities more broadly benefit from projects implemented with the premium money. In this article, I use multivariate statistical techniques to analyze how patterns in the use of the premium are related to cooperatives’ organizational characteristics. To illustrate the potential benefits of the social premium to the local community, I use regression analyses to evaluate the effects of certification and educational projects financed with the social premium on household education expenditure. I find evidence that living in a village where an educational project was implemented has a positive effect on education expenditure among farmers, but does not have an effect among rural workers.
Introduction to Cryptography, Part II
Creators: name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: cryptography, probabilistic encryption, Identity-Based Public-Key Cryptography
Fair Coin Flipping
Key Escrow
Zero Knowledge Interactive Proof Systems
General Computer Security

description: Outline: - Probabilistic encryption  -- Average Case Computational Di culty and the Worst Case Di culty  - Identity-Based Public-Key Cryptography  - Fair Coin Flipping Using Public-Key Cryptography  - Fair Cryptosystems (Key Escrow)  - Zero Knowledge Interactive Proof Systems
The Fermat-Torricelli problem in normed planes and spaces
Creators: name: Martini, Horst
name: Swanepoel, Konrad J
name: Weiss, Gunter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B85 (Primary) 46B20, 52A01, 52A21 (Secondary)

description: We investigate the Fermat-Torricelli problem in d-dimensional real normed spaces or Minkowski spaces, mainly for d=2. Our approach is to study the Fermat-Torricelli locus in a geometric way. We present many new results, as well as give an exposition of known results that are scattered in various sources, with proofs for some of them. Together, these results can be considered to be a minitheory of the Fermat-Torricelli problem in Minkowski spaces and especially in Minkowski planes. This demonstrates that substantial results about locational problems valid for all norms can be found using a geometric approach.
Variance Reduction of Quadcopter Trajectory Tracking in Turbulent Wind
Creators: name: Tabassum, Asma
name: Vuppala, Rohit K. S. S.
name: Bai, He
name: Kara, Kursat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider a quadcopter operating in a turbulent windy environment. The turbulent environment may be imposed on a quadcopter by structures, landscapes, terrains and most importantly by the unique physical phenomena in the lower atmosphere. Turbulence can negatively impact quadcopter's performance and operations. Modeling turbulence as a stochastic random input, we investigate control designs that can reduce the turbulence effects on the quadcopter's motion. In particular, we design a minimum cost variance (MCV) controller aiming to minimize the cost in terms of its weighted sum of mean and variance. We linearize the quadcopter dynamics and examine the MCV controller derived from a set of coupled algebraic Riccati equations (CARE) with full-state feedback. Our preliminary simulation results show reduction in variance and in mean trajectory tracking error compared to a traditional linear quadratic regulator (LQR).
Additional file 8 of Profile of chimeric RNAs and TMPRSS2-ERG e2e4 isoform in neuroendocrine prostate cancer
Creators: name: Wang, Qiong
name: Chen, Junxiu
name: Singh, Sandeep
name: Xie, Zhongqiu
name: Qin, Fujun
name: Shi, Xinrui
name: Cornelison, Robert
name: Li, Hui
name: Huang, Hai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 8: Table S1. The number and sequences of primers in neuroendocrine PCa.
Many lives in many worlds
Creators: name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I argue that accepting quantum mechanics to be universally true means that you should also believe in parallel universes. I give my assessment of Everett's theory as it celebrates its 50th anniversary.
description: Nature version with better graphics at http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v448/n7149/full/448023a.html Everett bio and other links at http://space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/quantum.html
Defining geometric gauge theory to accommodate particles, continua, and fields
Creators: name: Marsh, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53Z05 (Primary), 70S15, 70S20, 53C07 (Secondary)

description: Gauge theory underpins the quantum field theories of the standard model, and in a previous paper was shown via a geometric approach to describe classical electromagnetism in a form which approximates QED. Here we formalize and generalize the notion of a geometric gauge theory, then apply this framework to classical physical models, including an improved Lagrangian for matter field electromagnetism. We find a remarkably consistent series of actions, with straightforward limits under which each previous one may be obtained. Ancillary benefits include a gauge-independent Galilean Lagrangian, a geometric interpretation for the unusual metric dependence of four-momentum, a modern treatment of the effects of worldline variation on the four-current, a gauge theory of gravity which includes a matter field, and consistent units for matter field electromagnetism.
description: 44 pages, 13 figures, to appear in J. Math. Phys
Effective interactions and large-scale diagonalization for quantum dots
Creators: name: Kvaal, Simen
name: Hjorth-Jensen, Morten
name: Nilsen, Halvor Moll
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The widely used large-scale diagonalization method using harmonic oscillator basis functions (an instance of the Rayleigh-Ritz method, also called a spectral method, configuration-interaction method, or ``exact diagonalization'' method) is systematically analyzed using results for the convergence of Hermite function series. We apply this theory to a Hamiltonian for a one-dimensional model of a quantum dot. The method is shown to converge slowly, and the non-smooth character of the interaction potential is identified as the main problem with the chosen basis, while on the other hand its important advantages are pointed out. An effective interaction obtained by a similarity transformation is proposed for improving the convergence of the diagonalization scheme, and numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the improvement. Generalizations to more particles and dimensions are discussed.
description: 7 figures, submitted to Physical Review B Single reference error fixed
Search for Long-duration Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Magnetar Giant Flares
Creators: name: Macquet, Adrian
name: Bizouard, Marie-Anne
name: Burns, Eric
name: Christensen, Nelson
name: Coughlin, Michael
name: Wadiasingh, Zorawar
name: Younes, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetar giant flares are rare and highly energetic phenomena observed in the transient sky whose emission mechanisms are still not fully understood. Depending on the nature of the excited modes of the magnetar, they are also expected to emit gravitational waves, which may bring unique information about the dynamics of the excitation. A few magnetar giant flares have been proposed to be associated to short gamma-ray bursts. In this paper we revisit, with a new gravitational-wave search algorithm, the possible emission of gravitational waves from four magnetar giant flares within 5 Mpc. While no gravitational-wave signals were observed, we discuss the future prospects of detecting signals with more sensitive gravitational-wave detectors. We in particular show that galactic magnetar giant flares that emit at least 1% of their electromagnetic energy as gravitational waves could be detected during the planned observing run of the LIGO and Virgo detectors at design sensitivity, with even better prospects for third generation detectors.
A New Constraint on the Escape Fraction in Distant Galaxies Using Gamma-ray Burst Afterglow Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chen, Hsiao-Wen
name: Prochaska, Jason X.
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new method to measure the escape fraction fesc of ionizing radiation from distant star-forming galaxies using the afterglow spectra of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Optical spectra of GRB afterglows allow us to evaluate the optical depth of the host ISM, according to the neutral hydrogen column density N(HI) observed along the sightlines toward the star-forming regions where the GRBs are found. Different from previous effort in searching for faint, transmitted Lyman continuum photons, our method is not subject to background subtraction uncertainties and does not require prior knowledge of either the spectral shape of the host galaxy population or the IGM Lya forest absorption along these GRB sightlines. Because most GRBs occur in sub-L_* galaxies, our study also offers the first constraint on fesc for distant low-mass galaxies that dominate the cosmic luminosity density. We have compiled a sample of 27 GRBs at redshift z>2 for which the underlying N(HI) in the host ISM are known. These GRBs together offer a statistical sampling of the integrated optical depth to ionizing photons along random sightlines from star-forming regions in the host galaxies, and allow us to estimate the mean escape fraction averaged over different viewing angles. We find =0.02\pm 0.02 and place a 95% c.l. upper limit <= 0.075 for these hosts. We discuss possible biases of our approach and implications of the result. Finally, we propose to extend this technique for measuring at z~0.2 using spectra of core-collapse supernovae.
description: Five journal pages, including one figure; ApJL in press
Cosmological constraints on $f(Q)$ gravity models in the non-coincident formalism
Creators: name: Pradhan, Sneha
name: Solanki, Raja
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The article investigates cosmological applications of $f(Q)$ theories in a non-coincident formalism. We explore a new $f(Q)$ theory dynamics utilizing a non-vanishing affine connection involving a non-constant function $γ(t)=-a^{-1}\dot{H}$, resulting in Friedmann equations that are entirely distinct from those of $f(T)$ theory. In addition, we propose a new parameterization of the Hubble function that can consistently depicts the present deceleration parameter value, transition redshift, and the late time de-Sitter limit. We evaluate the predictions of the assumed Hubble function by imposing constraints on the free parameters utilizing Bayesian statistical analysis to estimate the posterior probability by employing the CC, Pantheon+SH0ES, and the BAO samples. Moreover, we conduct the AIC and BIC statistical evaluations to determine the reliability of MCMC analysis. Further, we consider some well-known corrections to the STEGR case such as an exponentital $f(Q)$ correction, logarithmic $f(Q)$ correction, and a power-law $f(Q)$ correction and then we find the constraints on the parameters of these models via energy conditions. Finally, to test the physical plausibility of the assumed $f(Q)$ models we conduct the thermodynamical stability analysis via the sound speed parameter.
description: Journal of High Energy Astrophysics published version
Strong-field approximation for Coulomb explosion of H_2^+ by short intense laser pulses
Creators: name: Leth, H. A.
name: Madsen, L. M.
name: McCann, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple quantum mechanical model to describe Coulomb explosion of H$_2^+$ by short, intense, infrared laser pulses. The model is based on the length gauge version of the molecular strong-field approximation and is valid for pulses shorter than 50 fs where the process of dissociation prior to ionization is negligible. The results are compared with recent experimental results for the proton energy spectrum [I. Ben-Itzhak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 073002 (2005), B. D. Esry et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 013003 (2006)]. The predictions of the model reproduce the profile of the spectrum although the peak energy is slightly lower than the observations. For comparison, we also present results obtained by two different tunneling models for this process.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Onshore, offshore or in-turbine electrolysis? Techno-economic overview of alternative integration designs for green hydrogen production into Offshore Wind Power Hubs
Creators: name: Singlitico, Alessandro
name: Østergaard, Jacob
name: Chatzivasileiadis, Spyros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive investments in offshore wind power generate significant challenges on how this electricity will be integrated into the incumbent energy systems. In this context, green hydrogen produced by offshore wind emerges as a promising solution to remove barriers towards a carbon-free economy in Europe and beyond. Motivated by the recent developments in Denmark with the decision to construct the world's first artificial Offshore Energy Hub, this paper investigates how the lowest cost for green hydrogen can be achieved. A model proposing an integrated design of the hydrogen and offshore electric power infrastructure, determining the levelised costs of both hydrogen and electricity, is proposed. The economic feasibility of hydrogen production from Offshore Wind Power Hubs is evaluated considering the combination of different electrolyser placements, technologies and modes of operations. The results show that costs down to 2.4 EUR per kg can be achieved for green hydrogen production offshore, competitive with the hydrogen costs currently produced by natural gas. Moreover, a reduction of up to 13 pct. of the cost of wind electricity is registered when an electrolyser is installed offshore shaving the peak loads.
description: Submitted to "Renewable and Sustainable Energy Transition" on May 20, 2021 - Accepted on August 24, 2021
Mechanisms of Diffusional Nucleation of Nanocrystals and Their Self-Assembly into Uniform Colloids
Creators: name: Privman, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We survey our research on modeling the mechanisms of control of uniformity in growth of nanosize and colloid particles. The former are produced as nanocrystals, by burst-nucleation from solution. The latter, colloid-size particles, are formed by self-assembly (aggregation) of the nanocrystals. In the colloid particle synthesis, the two dynamical processes are coupled, and both are governed by diffusional transport of the respective building blocks (monomers). The interrelation of the two processes allows for synthesis of narrow size distribution colloid dispersions which are of importance in many applications. We first review a mathematical model of diffusive cluster growth by capture of monomer "singlets." Burst nucleation of nanoparticles in solution is then analyzed. Finally, we couple it to the secondary process of aggregation of nanoparticles to form colloids, and we discuss various aspects of the modeling of particle size distribution, as well as other features of the processes considered.
description: 26 pages in PDF, including 5 figures
Optimal pointwise sampling for $L^2$ approximation
Creators: name: Cohen, Albert
name: Dolbeault, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.2
subject: 41A65 (Primary) 41A81, 93E24, 62E17, 94A20 (Secondary)

description: Given a function $u\in L^2=L^2(D,μ)$, where $D\subset \mathbb R^d$ and $μ$ is a measure on $D$, and a linear subspace $V_n\subset L^2$ of dimension $n$, we show that near-best approximation of $u$ in $V_n$ can be computed from a near-optimal budget of $Cn$ pointwise evaluations of $u$, with $C>1$ a universal constant. The sampling points are drawn according to some random distribution, the approximation is computed by a weighted least-squares method, and the error is assessed in expected $L^2$ norm. This result improves on the results in [6,8] which require a sampling budget that is sub-optimal by a logarithmic factor, thanks to a sparsification strategy introduced in [17,18]. As a consequence, we obtain for any compact class $\mathcal K\subset L^2$ that the sampling number $ρ_{Cn}^{\rm rand}(\mathcal K)_{L^2}$ in the randomized setting is dominated by the Kolmogorov $n$-width $d_n(\mathcal K)_{L^2}$. While our result shows the existence of a randomized sampling with such near-optimal properties, we discuss remaining issues concerning its generation by a computationally efficient algorithm.
description: 18 pages, to be published in Journal of Complexity
Characterization of a cluster of dominant suppressors of position effect variegation including effects on heterochromatic variegating rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Hedrick, Amy L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The mosiac, cell-autonomous expression of genes resulting from chromosomal rearrangement and relocation next to broken heterochromatin is termed position effect variegation (PEV). Since the gene is inactivated due to chromatin changes, this system allows the genetic study of chromatin structure and function using mutations which rescue the mosaic phenotype. These mutations called suppressors of variegation, Su(var)s, must influence chromatin structure. The genetic characterization of several groups of Su(var)s has been undertaken in this study using Drosophila melanogaster. Variegation of the light gene, located in heterochromatin, is enhanced by several Su(var) mutations on chromosome two. This opposite effect suggests that products of these Su(var)s are essential for functioning heterochromatin and deleterious for euchromatic environments. Other Su(var)s have slight or no effects on the same variegating rearrangements, demonstrating functional differences, among the Su(var)s tested. A group of Su(var)s located within 4 map units near the centromere of chromosome three was characterized using deficiency mapping, new compound autosome formation and inter se complementation based on newly established homozygous phenotypes. Two Su(var)s mapped to 87B on 3R, while one Su(var) maps to 3L according to compound mapping. Inter se complementation, in combination with mapping data, suggests that four seperate loci make up this group of Su(var)s. Eight of nine Su(var)s are extremely sensitive to heterochromatic deletions as shown by their responses to loss of 2R heterochromatin, as well as the Y chromosome. In contrast, Su(var)A130 is insensitive to both forms of heterochromatic deficiencies. Su(var)s show complicated reactions to maternal verses paternal source effects. Six of nine Su(var)s show a female-specific temperature sensitive maternal effect. Some maternal and paternal effects are observed at 22 C. Su(var)A57 is maternal semi-lethal and suppressed at 29 C. This characterization has better defined these mutants, making them ammenable to molecular study.
Magnetic Coupling and Long-Range Order in the Spin-Chain Sulphide Ba2cos3
Creators: name: Barnes, Andrew D. J.
name: Baikie, Thomas
name: Hardy, Vincent
name: Lepetit, Marie-Bernadette
name: Maignan, Antoine
name: Young, Nigel A.
name: Francesconi, M. Grazia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we report on the magnetic properties of Ba2CoS3, a spin-chain compound recently found to be the first Co2+ containing one-dimensional sulphide to show metallic-like conductivity and negative magnetoresistance. We carried out an in-depth experimental investigation of the local structure of the cobalt atoms, and ab-initio calculations of the resulting electronic configuration of Co2+. From theoretical considerations, the intra-chain coupling was predicted to be antiferromagnetic. Experimentally, several estimates of this magnetic coupling were derived by analysing the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility. Magnetic and heat capacity measurements also provided evidence of a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic ordering, a feature indicative of a noticeable inter-chain coupling in this quasi-1D system.
An evolutionary process without variation and selection
Creators: name: Gabora, Liane
name: Steel, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Natural selection successfully explains how organisms accumulate adaptive change despite that traits acquired over a lifetime are eliminated at the end of each generation. However, in some domains that exhibit cumulative, adaptive change -- e.g., cultural evolution, and earliest life -- acquired traits are retained; these domains do not face the problem that Darwin's theory was designed to solve. Lack of transmission of acquired traits occurs when germ cells are protected from environmental change, due to a self-assembly code used in two distinct ways: (i) actively interpreted during development to generate a soma, and (ii) passively copied without interpretation during reproduction to generate germ cells. Early life and cultural evolution appear not to involve a self-assembly code used in these two ways. We suggest that cumulative, adaptive change in these domains is due to a lower-fidelity evolutionary process, and model it using Reflexively Autocatalytic and Foodset-generated networks. We refer to this more primitive evolutionary process as Self-Other Reorganisation (SOR) because it involves internal self-organising and self-maintaining processes within entities, as well as interaction between entities. SOR encompasses learning but in general operates across groups. We discuss the relationship between SOR and Lamarckism, and illustrate a special case of SOR without variation.
AdS/BCFT correspondence and BTZ black hole thermodynamics within Horndeski gravity
Creators: name: Santos, Fabiano F.
name: Capossoli, Eduardo Folco
name: Boschi-Filho, Henrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study gravity duals of conformal field theories with boundaries known as AdS/BCFT correspondence, put forward by Takayanagi [1], within a scalar-tensor theory, as proposed by Horndeski in 4D [2]. We consider the case of 3D gravity dual to 2D BCFT, take a Gibbons-Hawking surface term modified by Horndeski's theory and find the corresponding 3D (BTZ) black hole solutions. We analyze the effects of Horndeski's gravity on the profile of the extra boundary for the black hole by using an approximate analytic solution. Performing a holographic renormalization, we have calculated the free energy and obtained the total entropy and the corresponding area, as well as the boundary entropy for the black hole. In particular, the boundary entropy found here, can be seen as an extension of the one proposed by Takayanagi. From the free energy, we have done a systematic study of the 3D black hole thermodynamics and present, among our results, an indication of restoration of conformal symmetry for high temperatures. Finally, we present a study on the influence of the Horndeski's gravity on the Hawking-Page phase transition where we can see the stable and unstable phases throughout the plane of free energy {\sl versus} temperature.
description: V2: 32 pages, 7 figures. Text improved. Typos corrected. New references added. Results unchanged. This version matches the published one in PRD
Effective SO Superpotential for N=1 Theory with N_f Fundamental Matter
Creators: name: Borhade, Pravina
name: Ramadevi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the duality conjecture of Dijkgraaf and Vafa between supersymmetric gauge theories and matrix models, we derive the effective superpotential of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory with gauge group SO(N_c) and arbitrary tree level polynomial superpotential of one chiral superfield in the adjoint representation and N_f fundamental matter multiplets. For a special point in the classical vacuum where the gauge group is unbroken, we show that the effective superpotential matches with that obtained from the geometric engineering approach.
description: LaTeX, 1+19 pages, To appear in Nucl.Phys.B
Superconducting phases and the second Josephson harmonic in tunnel junctions between diffusive superconductors
Creators: name: Osin, A. S.
name: Fominov, Ya. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a planar SIS-type Josephson junction between diffusive superconductors (S) through an insulating tunnel interface (I). We construct fully self-consistent perturbation theory with respect to the interface conductance. As a result, we find correction to the first Josephson harmonic and calculate the second Josephson harmonic. At arbitrary temperatures, we correct previous results for the nonsinusoidal current-phase relation in Josephson tunnel junctions, which were obtained with the help of conjectured form of solution. Our perturbation theory also describes the difference between the phases of the order parameter and of the anomalous Green functions.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Rapidly varying accretion and AGN feedback
Creators: name: Pope, Edward C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion rates onto AGN are likely to be extremely variable on short timescales; much shorter than the typical cooling time of X-ray emitting gas in elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters. Using the Langevin approach it is shown that, for a simple feedback system, this can induce variability in the AGN power output that is of much larger amplitude, and persists for longer timescales, than the initial fluctuations. An implication of this is that rich galaxy clusters are expected to show the largest and longest-lived fluctuations. Stochastic variations in the accretion rate also mean that the AGN injects energy across a wide range of timescales. This allows the AGN to maintain a much closer balance with its surroundings than if it was periodically activated. The possible non-linear correlation between Bondi accretion rate and jet power, found by Allen et al 2006, can be explained if the instantaneous accretion rate, scaled by jet power, varies log-normally. This explanation also implies that the duty cycle of AGN activity increases with the radiative losses of the surroundings, in qualitative agreement with Best et al 2005.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS letters. 6 pages, 2 figures
Anisotropic Spherical Solutions in Rastall Gravity by Gravitational Decoupling
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Sallah, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we extend the Finch-Skea isotropic ansatz representing a self-gravitating interior to two anisotropic spherical solutions within the context of Rastall gravity. For this purpose, we use a newly developed technique, named as gravitational decoupling approach through the minimal geometric deformation. The junction conditions that provide the governing rules for the smooth matching of the interior and exterior geometries at the hypersurface are formulated with the outer geometry depicted by the Schwarzschild spacetime. We check the physical viability of both solutions through energy conditions for two fixed values of the Rastall parameter. The behavior of the equation of state parameters, surface redshift and compactness function are also investigated. Finally, we study the stability of the resulting solutions through Herrera cracking approach and the causality condition. It is concluded that the chosen parametric values provide stable structure only for the solution corresponding to the pressure-like constraint.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures
Issues in the Security Architecture of the Computerized Patient Record Enterprise
Creators: name: K, Beznosov,
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computerized Patient Record
security architecture
enterprise security
Engineering Security Mechanisms

description: We discuss issues in CPR enterprise security architecture. The main goal is to provide a security environment where a user will be viewed the same across all enterprise systems, and access control decisions will be consistent across all components of the CPR enterprise.
Strong constraints from COSINE-100 on the DAMA dark matter results using the same sodium iodide target
Creators: name: Adhikari, G.
name: de Souza, E. Barbosa
name: Carlin, N.
name: Choi, J. J.
name: Choi, S.
name: Djamal, M.
name: Ezeribe, A. C.
name: França, L. E.
name: Ha, C.
name: Hahn, I. S.
name: Jeon, E. J.
name: Jo, J. H.
name: Joo, H. W.
name: Kang, W. G.
name: Kauer, M.
name: Kim, H.
name: Kim, H. J.
name: Kim, K. W.
name: Kim, S. H.
name: Kim, S. K.
name: Kim, W. K.
name: Kim, Y. D.
name: Kim, Y. H.
name: Ko, Y. J.
name: Lee, E. K.
name: Lee, H.
name: Lee, H. S.
name: Lee, H. Y.
name: Lee, I. S.
name: Lee, J.
name: Lee, J. Y.
name: Lee, M. H.
name: Lee, S. H.
name: Lee, S. M.
name: Leonard, D. S.
name: Manzato, B. B.
name: Maruyama, R. H.
name: Neal, R. J.
name: Olsen, S. L.
name: Park, B. J.
name: Park, H. K.
name: Park, H. S.
name: Park, K. S.
name: Pitta, R. L. C.
name: Prihtiadi, H.
name: Ra, S. J.
name: Rott, C.
name: Shin, K. A.
name: Scar, A.
name: Spooner, N. J. C.
name: Thompson, W. G.
name: Yang, L.
name: Yu, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new constraints on dark matter interactions using 1.7 years of COSINE-100 data. The COSINE-100 experiment, consisting of 106 kg of tallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI(Tl)) target material, is aimed at testing DAMA's claim of dark matter observation using the same NaI(Tl) detectors. Improved event selection requirements, a more precise understanding of the detector background and the use of a larger data set considerably enhances the COSINE-100 sensitivity for dark matter detection. No signal consistent with the dark matter interaction is identified, and rules out model-dependent dark matter interpretations of the DAMA signals in the specific context of standard halo model with the same NaI(Tl) target for various interaction hypotheses.
How much 56Ni can be produced in Core-Collapse Supernovae? : Evolution and Explosions of 30 - 100 Msun Stars
Creators: name: Umeda, Hideyuki
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the discovery of extremely bright supernovae SNe1999as and 2006gy, we have investigated how much 56Ni mass can be synthesized in core-collapse massive supernovae (SNe). We calculate the evolution of several very massive stars with initial masses M ~ 34 Msun and E_{51} >~ 20. Producing M(56Ni) ~ 13Msun as suggested for SN2006gy requires a too large explosion energy for M_CO ~ 60Msun.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
From the Riemann surface of TASEP to ASEP
Creators: name: Prolhac, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) with forward hopping rate 1, backward hopping rate q and periodic boundary conditions. We show that the Bethe equations of ASEP can be decoupled, at all order in perturbation in the variable q, by introducing a formal Laurent series mapping the Bethe roots of the totally asymmetric case q=0 (TASEP) to the Bethe roots of ASEP. The probability of the height for ASEP is then written as a single contour integral on the Riemann surface on which symmetric functions of TASEP Bethe roots live.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Large $(g-2)_μ$ and signals of decays $e_b\rightarrow e_aγ$ in a 3-3-1 model with inverse seesaw neutrinos
Creators: name: Hue, L. T.
name: Hung, H. T.
name: Tham, N. T.
name: Long, H. N.
name: Nguyen, T. Phong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that under current experimental bound of the decays $e_a\rightarrow e_bγ$, the recent experimental data of the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment $(g-2)_μ$ can be explained in the framework of the 3-3-1 model with right handed neutrinos. In addition, all of these branching ratios can reach closely the recent experimental upper bounds.
description: The version accepted to PRD
Issues in the Security Architecture of the Computerized Patient Record Enterprise
Creators: name: Beznosov, Konstantin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: security architecture
CPR
computerized patient record
Engineering Security Mechanisms

description: We discuss issues in CPR enterprise security architecture. The main goal is to provide a security environment where a user will be viewed the same across all enterprise systems, and access control decisions will be consistent across all components of the CPR enterprise.