cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Increased systemic and brain cytokine production and neuroinflammation by endotoxin following ethanol treatment
Creators: name: Pluzarev, Olivera
name: He, Jun
name: Qin, Liya
name: Hanes, Richard N
name: Crews, Fulton
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Background Cytokines and alcohol share a common modulation of inflammation and hormones as well as being implicated in multiple diseases, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of liver, serum and brain cytokines as well as whether ethanol would potentiate endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) responses once ethanol had cleared. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were treated intragastrically with water (control) or ethanol (5 g/kg, i.g., 25% ethanol, w/v), with volumes matched, for 1 day or daily for 10 days. Mice were then injected intraperitoneally with saline (control) or LPS (3 mg/kg, i.p.) in saline 24 hrs after the last dose of ethanol. Gene expression and protein synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokine, oxidative enzymes, microglial activation and inhibition of neurogenesis were examined using real-time PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry. Results LPS increased proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, MCP-1, IL-1β) several fold in liver, brain and serum at 1 hr. Ethanol is known to increase liver cytokines and alter the risk of multiple chronic diseases. Ten daily doses of ethanol increased brain and liver TNFα, and pretreatment with ethanol potentiated LPS-induced increases in TNFα, MCP-1, IL-1β in liver, serum and brain. Proinflammatory cytokine levels in liver and serum returned to basal levels within a day, whereas brain proinflammatory cytokines remained elevated for long periods. IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is reduced in brain by ethanol and LPS, while brain proinflammatory cytokines remain increased, whereas liver IL-10 is increased when proinflammatory cytokines have returned to control levels. Activation of brain microglia indicated by morphological changes, reduced neurogenesis and increased brain expression of COX-2 and gp91phox NADPH oxidase subunit mRNA were found in the 10 daily doses of ethanol-pretreated LPS group. Conclusion Acute increases in serum cytokines induce long lasting increases in brain proinflammatory cytokines. Ten daily doses of ethanol exposure results in persistent alterations of cytokines and significantly increases the magnitude and duration of central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation. Ethanol induced differential anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 responses in liver and brain could cause long lasting disruption of cytokine cascades that could contribute to protection or increased risk of multiple chronic diseases.
title: Evaluation results for the use of deformable image registration (DIR) on CT datasets sourced from patients receiving a combination of high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)
Creators: name: Moulton, Calyn
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: Pelvis
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Physics
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Image registration
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Artifacts

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Registering CT simulation images for patients receiving external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with a boost dose from high-dose rate needle after-loading brachytherapy (HDR-BT) can be challenging for three reasons: The time between the HDR-BT and EBRT...
Torsion Wave Solutions in Yang-Mielke Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Pasic, Vedad
name: Barakovic, Elvis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C15, 83C35, 83D05, 53Z05

description: The approach of metric-affine gravity initially distinguishes it from Einstein's general relativity. Using an independent affine connection produces a theory with 10+64 unknowns. We write down the Yang-Mills action for the affine connection and produce the Yang-Mills equation and the so called complementary Yang-Mills equation by independently varying with respect to the connection and the metric respectively. We call this theory the Yang-Mielke theory of gravity. We construct explicit spacetimes with pp-metric and purely axial torsion and show that they represent a solution of Yang-Mills theory. Finally we compare these spacetimes to existing solutions of metric-affine gravity and present future research possibilities.
Euphorbia graminea Jacquin 1763
Creators: name: Hassemer, Gustavo
name: Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da
name: Funez, Luís Adriano
name: Ernst, Madeleine
name: Cordeiro, Inês
name: Rønsted, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia
Euphorbia graminea

description: Euphorbia graminea Jacquin (1763: 151)
 Lectotype (designated by McVaugh 1993: 220–221):—COUNTRY UNKNOWN. Without locality, N. J. von Jacquin s.n. (BM-510672!).
 Photographs: — Fig. 8.
 Distribution and habitat: — Euphorbia graminea is native to Central America, northern South America and the Caribbean, and is an invasive species in tropical and subtropical areas (Yang et al. 2005, Ward & Housel 2007, Vincent 2013). This is an ornamental species for which many cultivars have been created. It is more frequently observed in gardens, but this species may also grow in shaded disturbed environments such as forest edges. In SC E. graminea has been collected in the municipality of Rodeio (Fig. 3); however, it has also been observed during field work in Ascurra, Blumenau, Florianópolis, São Bento do Sul and Timbó.
 Conservation status: —Least Concern (LC).
 Notes: —This is the first reference of the occurrence of this species in SC. Euphorbia graminea is expanding its distribution to many other areas, including North America and Asia (Yang et al. 2005, Ward & Housel 2007, Vincent 2013), possibly due to cultivation.
 Material examined: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Rodeio, final da Rua Vicente Moser, 10 November 2013, L. A. Funez 2385 (FURB-42875).
description: Published as part of Hassemer, Gustavo, Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da, Funez, Luís Adriano, Ernst, Madeleine, Cordeiro, Inês & Rønsted, Nina, 2017, Updates on the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Santa Catarina, Brazil, pp. 222-238 in Phytotaxa 298 (3) on pages 233-234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13694128
title: Measuring cell density in prostate cancer imaging as an input for radiotherapy treatment planning
Creators: name: Reynolds, Hayley
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: CAD
subject: Oncology
subject: Pathology

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Prostate cancer is characterized by degradation of the healthy glandular structure of prostate tissue, resulting in an irregular cell distribution as well as a higher density of cells within tumours. Gleason Score (GS) is a measure used to grade...
title: An assessment of signal lost with radiotherapy set-up position for supine breast MRI
Creators: name: Holloway, Lois
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: MR physics
subject: MR
subject: Computer Applications-Virtual imaging
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the change in image quality with different patient position and associated choice of breast coils. •MRI for breast radiotherapy may provide superior image quality for defining target volumes in comparison to CT....
PERFORMING A PRACTICE: NARRATIVE • TRANSLATION • LIVE INSTALLATION • URBAN INTERVENTION
Creators: name: LEWIN, ANYA ADELE
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2005

description: Abstract: This is a practice based PhD which follows several different lines of inquiry in order to pursue the ideas and territories which the practical works themselves lead to rather than imposing a question which the practical work had to speak to. The practical works ore as much a port of the submission as the text and each chapter includes a DVD with either the work, or if it was site specific, the documentation. The text never seeks to explain the work but to expand and contextualise it. Although each chapter of the document is specific to a particular inquiry - mistranslation through subtitling, representations of the self through performance, art in public space, and artist-run exhibition initiatives, there are also threads that run throughout. Questions of identity can be read into all the work whether it be in the costumed performance or through questions about the identity of on artist or on audience within particular systems of distribution and in education. Although some of the work has been shown in a traditional gallery setting there is a concern for alternative modalities for presenting art and much of the work is situational and responsive to opportunity. This PhD is really on examination of how an artist thinks through practice and in the end I hove sought to approach areas of interest and to open up questions without too much concern for finding closure in answers.
Population, behavioural and environmental drivers of malaria prevalence in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Creators: name: Emch, Michael
name: Meshnick, Steven R.
name: Messina, Jane P
name: Taylor, Steve
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Background Malaria is highly endemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), but the limits and intensity of transmission within the country are unknown. It is important to discern these patterns as well as the drivers which may underlie them in order for effective prevention measures to be carried out. Methods By applying high-throughput PCR analyses on leftover dried blood spots from the 2007 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for the DRC, prevalence estimates were generated and ecological drivers of malaria were explored using spatial statistical analyses and multilevel modelling. Results Of the 7,746 respondents, 2268 (29.3%) were parasitaemic; prevalence ranged from 0-82% within geographically-defined survey clusters. Regional variation in these rates was mapped using the inverse-distance weighting spatial interpolation technique. Males were more likely to be parasitaemic than older people or females (p < 0.0001), while wealthier people were at a lower risk (p < 0.001). Increased community use of bed nets (p = 0.001) and community wealth (p < 0.05) were protective against malaria at the community level but not at the individual level. Paradoxically, the number of battle events since 1994 surrounding one's community was negatively associated with malaria risk (p < 0.0001). Conclusions This research demonstrates the feasibility of using population-based behavioural and molecular surveillance in conjunction with DHS data and geographic methods to study endemic infectious diseases. This study provides the most accurate population-based estimates to date of where illness from malaria occurs in the DRC and what factors contribute to the estimated spatial patterns. This study suggests that spatial information and analyses can enable the DRC government to focus its control efforts against malaria.
Using low-cost nudges to increase ACA health insurance enrollment
Creators: name: Yokum, David
name: Hopkins, Daniel
name: Feher, Andrew
name: Safran, Elana
name: Peck, Joshua
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: ACA
subject: behavioral insight
subject: nudge
subject: RCT

description: Can receiving a single behaviorally informed letter increase health insurance enrollment via the Affordable Care Act Marketplace? In the final weeks of the 2015 Open Enrollment period, we used a large-scale randomized intervention across the 37 states on the HealthCare.gov platform, including over 744,500 individuals, to test whether letters could increase insurance enrollment among individuals who initiated the enrollment process but had not yet selected a plan.
title: Choice of tomotherapy planning parameters for nasopharynx cancers
Creators: name: Holloway, Lois
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Radiotherapy techniques
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: VMAT and Tomotherapy
subject: Dosimetry
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Head and neck

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Tomotherapy is a dedicated intensity modulated radiation therapy system with on-board imaging capability. It works with its own inverse planning system, which includes the use of a combination of pitch, jaw width, and modulation factor...
Gene Ontology annotation of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae
Creators: name: Meng, Shaowu
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of blast disease of rice, is the most destructive disease of rice worldwide. The genome of this fungal pathogen has been sequenced and an automated annotation has recently been updated to Version 6 http://www.broad.mit.edu/annotation/genome/magnaporthe_grisea/MultiDownloads.html. However, a comprehensive manual curation remains to be performed. Gene Ontology (GO) annotation is a valuable means of assigning functional information using standardized vocabulary. We report an overview of the GO annotation for Version 5 of M. oryzae genome assembly. Methods A similarity-based (i.e., computational) GO annotation with manual review was conducted, which was then integrated with a literature-based GO annotation with computational assistance. For similarity-based GO annotation a stringent reciprocal best hits method was used to identify similarity between predicted proteins of M. oryzae and GO proteins from multiple organisms with published associations to GO terms. Significant alignment pairs were manually reviewed. Functional assignments were further cross-validated with manually reviewed data, conserved domains, or data determined by wet lab experiments. Additionally, biological appropriateness of the functional assignments was manually checked. Results In total, 6,286 proteins received GO term assignment via the homology-based annotation, including 2,870 hypothetical proteins. Literature-based experimental evidence, such as microarray, MPSS, T-DNA insertion mutation, or gene knockout mutation, resulted in 2,810 proteins being annotated with GO terms. Of these, 1,673 proteins were annotated with new terms developed for Plant-Associated Microbe Gene Ontology (PAMGO). In addition, 67 experiment-determined secreted proteins were annotated with PAMGO terms. Integration of the two data sets resulted in 7,412 proteins (57%) being annotated with 1,957 distinct and specific GO terms. Unannotated proteins were assigned to the 3 root terms. The Version 5 GO annotation is publically queryable via the GO site http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/go.cgi. Additionally, the genome of M. oryzae is constantly being refined and updated as new information is incorporated. For the latest GO annotation of Version 6 genome, please visit our website http://scotland.fgl.ncsu.edu/smeng/GoAnnotationMagnaporthegrisea.html. The preliminary GO annotation of Version 6 genome is placed at a local MySql database that is publically queryable via a user-friendly interface Adhoc Query System. Conclusion Our analysis provides comprehensive and robust GO annotations of the M. oryzae genome assemblies that will be solid foundations for further functional interrogation of M. oryzae.
Optical Control of Fluorescence through Plasmonic Eigenmode Extinction
Creators: name: Xu, Xiaoying
name: Lin, Shih-Che
name: Li, Quanshui
name: Zhang, Zhili
name: Ivanov, Ilia N.
name: Li, Yuan
name: Wang, Wenbin
name: Gu, Baohua
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Hsueh, Chun-Hway
name: Snijders, Paul C.
name: Seal, Katyayani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of optical control of the fluorescence yield of CdSe quantum dots through plasmon-induced structural changes in random semicontinuous nanostructured gold films. We demonstrate that the wavelength- and polarization dependent coupling between quantum dots and the semicontinuous films, and thus the fluorescent emission spectrum, can be controlled and significantly increased through the optical extinction of a selective band of eigenmodes in the films. This optical method of effecting controlled changes in the metal nanostructure allows for versatile functionality in a single sample and opens a pathway to in situ control over the fluorescence spectrum.
title: The emerging synergy of radiation therapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of metastatic cancer - a systematic review of the literature
Creators: name: Hodgson, Kelly
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Radiotherapy techniques
subject: Metastases
subject: Inflammation
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: PET
subject: Oncology

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Palliative radiation therapy (RT) for metastatic cancer is traditionally aimed at providing local tumour control. Regression of metastases may also occur outside irradiated fields, known as an abscopal response (AR). Cellular damage induced by RT...
An Introduction to Webs
Creators: name: White, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Webs are sets of Feynman diagrams that contribute to the exponents of scattering amplitudes, in the kinematic limit in which emitted radiation is soft. As such, they have a number of phenomenological and formal applications, and offer tantalising glimpses into the all-order structure of perturbative quantum field theory. This article is based on a series of lectures given to graduate students, and aims to provide a pedagogical introduction to webs. Topics covered include exponentiation in (non-)abelian gauge theories, the web mixing matrix formalism for non-abelian gauge theories, and recent progress on the calculation of web diagrams. Problems are included throughout the text, to aid understanding.
description: Invited lecture notes for Journal of Physics G. Comments welcome. 42 pages, 19 figures
title: The value of MRI SPACE sequence in assessing knee ligaments and meniscal tear morphology
Creators: name: Ziraldo, Laura
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Decision analysis
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: The purpose of our study was to determine whether the addition of sampling perfection with application-optimised contrasts using different flip-angle evolutions (SPACE) 3D fast spin echo acquisition can improve the diagnostic performance of standard...
title: Yield of biliary brushings in biliary strictures during Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)
Creators: name: Khoo, Boyuan
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biliary Tract / Gallbladder
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Cholangiography
subject: Biopsy
subject: Cancer

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Background: Biliary duct strictures are most commonly caused by inflammatory or neoplastic processes involving the biliary tree, pancreas, gallbladder or ampulla. Non-invasive radiological techniques (CT, Ultrasound and MRI) are commonly used to...
Sneaker Market Trends Post-COVID: A Comprehensive Outlook on Potential and Promising Growth Opportunities
Creators: name: Wagatsuma, Kainoa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied economics not elsewhere classified

description: "Sneaker Market Trends Post-COVID: A Comprehensive Outlook on Potential and Promising Growth Opportunities"is a comprehensive research paper that delves into the evolving landscape of the sneaker industry in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This meticulously crafted work offers valuable insights into how the global sneaker market has adapted to the challenges and shifts brought about by the pandemic while also identifying potential growth opportunities and market segments.
 The research paper commences by providing a thorough background and significance of the sneaker market pre-COVID, setting the stage for understanding the industry's subsequent transformation. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sneaker market is examined in detail, with a focus on supply chain disruptions, changing consumer behavior, and the accelerated adoption of e-commerce.
 Moving forward, the paper conducts a rigorous review of existing literature and studies on the sneaker market's performance during and after the pandemic. By analyzing notable market reports and forecasts from reputable sources, the paper presents a data-driven outlook on the future of the sneaker market in the post-COVID era. A key aspect of the research involves exploring the role of influencer marketing and social media in driving sneaker sales and enhancing brand visibility. By leveraging specific statistics and examples, the paper highlights the power of influencer endorsements and limited-edition collaborations in creating excitement and demand among consumers.
 The study also identifies promising market segments within the sneaker industry, such as the "comfort-first" category and the sustainable sneaker market. By incorporating relevant statistics, the paper underscores the growing consumer preferences for comfort, versatility, and eco-friendly choices. Furthermore, the research paper provides a global market comparison, offering a comparative analysis of regional sneaker markets post-COVID. Key insights from North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa shed light on the varied dynamics and opportunities for brands, retailers, and investors in different regions.
title: A retrospective review of patients receiving high dose (>_40Gy) external beam radiotherapy for renal cell carcinoma metastases and local recurrence
Creators: name: Chu, James
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Kidney
subject: Oncology
subject: Management
subject: CT
subject: PET
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Metastases
subject: Outcomes
subject: Cancer

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Metastatic and recurrent renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is often treated with radiotherapy for symptom palliation, however whilst the current literature focuses on high dose stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), there is little recent data...
Quark and pion effective couplings from polarization effects
Creators: name: Braghin, Fabio L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A flavor SU(2) effective model for pions and quarks is derived by considering polarization effects departing from the usual quark-quark effective interaction induced by dressed gluon exchange, i.e. a global color model for QCD. For that, the quark field is decomposed into a component that yields light mesons and the quark-antiquark condensate, being integrated out by means of the auxiliary field method, and another component which yields constituent quarks, which is basically a background quark field. Within a longwavelength and weak quark field expansion (or large quark effective mass expansion) of a quark determinant, the leading terms are found up to the second order in a zero order derivative expansion, by neglecting vector mesons that are considerably heavier than the pion. Pions are considered in the structureless limit and, besides the chiral invariant terms that reproduce previously derived expressions, symmetry breaking terms are also presented. The leading chiral quark-quark effective couplings are also found corresponding to a NJL and a vector-NJL couplings. All the resulting effective coupling constants and parameters are expressed in terms of the current and constituent quark masses and of the coupling $g$.
description: 20 pages, revised version to be published in Eur. Phys. Journ. A
Euphorbia ophthalmica Persoon 1806
Creators: name: Hassemer, Gustavo
name: Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da
name: Funez, Luís Adriano
name: Ernst, Madeleine
name: Cordeiro, Inês
name: Rønsted, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malpighiales
Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbia
Euphorbia ophthalmica

description: Euphorbia ophthalmica Persoon (1806: 13)
 Type: — BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: July 1767, P. Commerson 238 (holotype P-00678898!; isotype P-00716314!).
 Photographs: — Fig. 4 D–E in Silva et al. (2014).
 Distribution and habitat: — Euphorbia ophthalmica is a worldwide tropical and subtropical weed (Silva et al. 2014) that grows on disturbed environments. In SC this species has been collected in the municipality of Xanxerê (Fig. 3), and it has also been observed in Florianópolis during field work.
 Conservation status: —Least Concern (LC).
 Notes: —This is the first record of the occurrence of E. ophthalmica in SC. The species is usually misidentified as E. hirta Linnaeus (1753: 454), because both species share the feature of having the cyathia arranged in glomerule-like (capitate) dichasia. However, these dichasia are restricted to distal nodes in E. ophthalmica, while they occur at all nodes in E. hirta.
 Material examined: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Xanxerê, Centro, terreno alagadiço, 17 December 2011, L. A. Funez 186 (FURB-37600).
description: Published as part of Hassemer, Gustavo, Silva, Otávio Luis Marques Da, Funez, Luís Adriano, Ernst, Madeleine, Cordeiro, Inês & Rønsted, Nina, 2017, Updates on the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Santa Catarina, Brazil, pp. 222-238 in Phytotaxa 298 (3) on page 234, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13694128
Darkfield-Confocal Microscopy Detection of Nanoscale Particle Internalization by Human Lung Cells
Creators: name: Gibbs-Flournoy, Eugene A
name: Bromberg, Philip A
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Background Concerns over the health effects of nanomaterials in the environment have created a need for microscopy methods capable of examining the biological interactions of nanoparticles (NP). Unfortunately, NP are beyond the diffraction limit of resolution for conventional light microscopy (~200 nm). Fluorescence and electron microscopy techniques commonly used to examine NP interactions with biological substrates have drawbacks that limit their usefulness in toxicological investigation of NP. EM is labor intensive and slow, while fluorescence carries the risk of photobleaching the sample and has size resolution limits. In addition, many relevant particles lack intrinsic fluorescence and therefore can not be detected in this manner. To surmount these limitations, we evaluated the potential of a novel combination of darkfield and confocal laser scanning microscopy (DF-CLSM) for the efficient 3D detection of NP in human lung cells. The DF-CLSM approach utilizes the contrast enhancements of darkfield microscopy to detect objects below the diffraction limit of 200 nm based on their light scattering properties and interfaces it with the power of confocal microscopy to resolve objects in the z-plane. Results Validation of the DF-CLSM method using fluorescent polystyrene beads demonstrated spatial colocalization of particle fluorescence (Confocal) and scattered transmitted light (Darkfield) along the X, Y, and Z axes. DF-CLSM imaging was able to detect and provide reasonable spatial locations of 27 nm TiO2 particles in relation to the stained nuclei of exposed BEAS 2B cells. Statistical analysis of particle proximity to cellular nuclei determined a significant difference between 5 min and 2 hr particle exposures suggesting a time-dependant internalization process. Conclusions DF-CLSM microscopy is an alternative to current conventional light and electron microscopy methods that does not rely on particle fluorescence or contrast in electron density. DF-CLSM is especially well suited to the task of establishing the spatial localization of nanoparticles within cells, a critical topic in nanotoxicology. This technique has advantages to 2D darkfield microscopy as it visualizes nanoparticles in 3D using confocal microscopy. Use of this technique should aid toxicological studies related to observation of NP interactions with biological endpoints at cellular and subcellular levels.
title: Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for patients with primary endometrial cancer: Using volumetric imaging to cover what counts
Creators: name: Gautam, Priya
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pelvis
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Radiotherapy techniques

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: The clinical uptake of bladder and bowel preparation guidelines in conjunction with volumetric imaging for patients receiving IMRT for gynecological cancers is relatively low when compared with prostate cancer practices [1]. This paper will describe...
Periods and damping rates of fast sausage oscillations in multi-shelled coronal loops
Creators: name: Chen, Shao-Xia
name: Li, Bo
name: Xia, Li-Dong
name: Yu, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standing sausage modes are important in interpreting quasi-periodic pulsations in the lightcurves of solar flares. Their periods and damping times play an important role in seismologically diagnosing key parameters like the magnetic field strength in regions where flare energy is released. Usually such applications are based on theoretical results neglecting unresolved fine structures in magnetized loops. However, the existence of fine structuring is suggested on both theoretical and observational grounds. Adopting the framework of cold magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), we model coronal loops as magnetized cylinders with a transverse equilibrium density profile comprising a monolithic part and a modulation due to fine structuring in the form of concentric shells. The equation governing the transverse velocity perturbation is solved with an initial-value-problem approach, and the effects of fine structuring on the periods $P$ and damping times $τ$ of global, leaky, standing sausage modes are examined. A parameter study shows that fine structuring, be it periodically or randomly distributed, brings changes of only a few percent to $P$ and $τ$ when there are more than about ten shells. The monolithic part, its steepness in particular, plays a far more important role in determining $P$ and $τ$. We conclude that when measured values of $P$ and $τ$ of sausage modes are used for seismological purposes, it is justified to use theoretical results where the effects due to fine structuring are neglected.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Surface Chemical Reactivity of Ultrathin Pd(111) Films on Ru(0001): Importance of Orbital Symmetry in the Application of the d-Band Model
Creators: name: Yin, Xiangshi
name: Cooper, Valentino R.
name: Weitering, Hanno H.
name: Snijders, Paul C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chemical bonding of adsorbate molecules on transition-metal surfaces is strongly influenced by the hybridization between the molecular orbitals and the metal d-band. The strength of this interaction is often correlated with the location of the metal d-band center relative to the Fermi level. Here, we exploit finite size effects in the electronic structure of ultrathin Pd(111) films grown on Ru(0001) to tune their reactivity by changing the film thickness one atom layer at a time, while keeping all other variables unchanged. Interestingly, while bulk Pd(111) is reactive towards oxygen, Pd(111) films below five monolayers are surprisingly inert. This observation is fully in line with the d-band model prediction when applied to the orbitals involved in the bonding. The shift of the d-band center with film thickness is primarily attributed to shifts in the partial density of states associated with the 4dxz and 4dyz orbitals. This study gives an in-depth look into the orbital specific contributions to the surface chemical reactivity, providing new insights that could be useful in surface catalysis.
title: Discovering the route: Congenital segmental dolichoectasia of ipsilateral ICA and PCA
Creators: name: Hopkins, James
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Education
subject: Congenital

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: To discuss the embryological relationship of the Internal Carotid Artery (ICA) and Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) as demonstrated via a case review of Congenital Segmental Dolichoectasia (CSD) affecting these...
Unmasking Government Competence: Study 1, Performance Voting
Creators: name: Matthews, Scott
name: Hart, Austin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: American Politics
subject: Comparative Politics
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: We study how participants respond to a stream of information regarding the performance of a hypothetical factory worker.
Diagnostic accuracy of tests to detect hepatitis B surface antigen: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chou, Roger
name: Falconer, Jane
name: Tang, Weiming
name: Varsaneux, Olivia
name: Amini, Ali
name: Easterbrook, Philippa
name: Kelly, Helen
name: Ishizaki, Azumi
name: Boeras, Debrah I
name: Chen, Wen
name: Tucker, Joseph
name: Peeling, Rosanna W
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is characterised by the persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Expanding HBV diagnosis and treatment programmes into low resource settings will require high quality but inexpensive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in addition to laboratory-based enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) to detect HBsAg. The purpose of this review is to assess the clinical accuracy of available diagnostic tests to detect HBsAg to inform recommendations on testing strategies in 2017 WHO hepatitis testing guidelines. Methods The systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using 9 databases. Two reviewers independently extracted data according to a pre-specified plan and evaluated study quality. Meta-analysis was performed. HBsAg diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) was compared to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and nucleic-acid test (NAT) reference standards. Subanalyses were performed to determine accuracy among brands, HIV-status and specimen type. Results Of the 40 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 33 compared RDTs and/or EIAs against EIAs and 7 against NATs as reference standards. Thirty studies assessed diagnostic accuracy of 33 brands of RDTs in 23,716 individuals from 23 countries using EIA as the reference standard. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 90.0% (95% CI: 89.1, 90.8) and 99.5% (95% CI: 99.4, 99.5) respectively, but accuracy varied widely among brands. Accuracy did not differ significantly whether serum, plasma, venous or capillary whole blood was used. Pooled sensitivity of RDTs in 5 studies of HIV-positive persons was lower at 72.3% (95% CI: 67.9, 76.4) compared to that in HIV-negative persons, but specificity remained high. Five studies evaluated 8 EIAs against a chemiluminescence immunoassay reference standard with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 88.9% (95% CI: 87.0, 90.6) and 98.4% (95% CI: 97.8, 98.8), respectively. Accuracy of both RDTs and EIAs using a NAT reference were generally lower, especially amongst HIV-positive cohorts. Conclusions HBsAg RDTs have good sensitivity and excellent specificity compared to laboratory immunoassays as a reference standard. Sensitivity of HBsAg RDTs may be lower in HIV infected individuals.
title: Utility of the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) imaging criteria in high grade glioma in routine clinical practice: Multi-reader concordance study
Creators: name: El Hgar, Yehia
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Cancer

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: The 2010 Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO)criteria (RC) in high grade glioma, primarily designed for use in clinical trials, incorporated an improved approach to modern therapies, assessment of non-enhancing tumour, measurable and...
Genetics of mothering: a polygenic approach
Creators: name: Runze, Jana
name: Pappa, Irene
name: van IJzendoorn, Marinus
name: Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Genetics and Genomics

description: This project contains a word document registering a research project that uses an existing dataset.
Accurate calculation of Stokes drag for point-particle tracking in two-way coupled flows
Creators: name: Horwitz, Jeremy
name: Mani, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we propose and test a method for calculating Stokes drag applicable to particle-laden fluid flows where two-way momentum coupling is important. In the point-particle formulation, particle dynamics are coupled to fluid dynamics via a source term that appears in the respective momentum equations. When the particle Reynolds number is small and the particle diameter is smaller than the fluid scales, it is common to approximate the momentum coupling source term as the Stokes drag. The Stokes drag force depends on the difference between the undisturbed fluid velocity evaluated at the particle location, and the particle velocity. However, owing to two-way coupling, the fluid velocity is modified in the neighborhood of a particle, relative to its undisturbed value. This causes the computed Stokes drag force to be underestimated in two-way coupled point-particle simulations. We develop estimates for the drag force error as function of the particle size relative to the grid size. We then develop a correction method that estimates the undisturbed fluid velocity from the computed disturbed velocity field. The correction scheme is tested for a particle settling in an otherwise quiescent fluid and is found to reduce the error in computed settling velocity by an order of magnitude compared with common interpolation schemes.
description: Submitted to Journal of Computational Physics. 38 pages, 16 figures
DEVELOPMENT AND MODELLING OF A POINT SOURCE INTEGRATING CAVITY ABSORPTION METER (PSICAM)
Creators: name: LEREBOURG, CHRISTOPHE JEAN-YVES JOEL
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 2003

description: The absorption coefficient is a fundamental parameter in understanding the underwater light field, for solving the Radiative Tranfer Equation and understanding/interpreting remotely sensed data from the ocean. Measuring the absorption coefficient is particularly complicated in coastal areas where the optical properties of the water body are the result of a complex mixture of dissolved and particulate components, but mainly because of the interfering effect that scattering has upon the measurements. A great variety of in situ instruments and laboratory techniques have been developed to measure total absorption or the absorption by the various fractions that constitute the total absorption. They are, however, all affected by scattering and empirical corrections need to be applied. Among the instruments to measure absorption, a promising one appeared to be one based on an integrating cavity. Kirk (1995, 1997) outlined the principle and theory of an absorption meter based on an integrating sphere: a Point Source Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter (PSICAM). He argued that owing to its design, a PSICAM would be insensitive to scattering. A novel Monte Carlo code was written to simulate the behaviour of a PSICAM of various cavity radiuses. The results of the simulations carried out with this code showed that such an absorption meter should indeed be unaffected by scattering even with high levels of scatterers. One important disadvantage deduced from numerical modelling for a PSICAM is its sensitivity to the reflectivity of the integrating cavity. Several prototype PSICAMs of increasing quality were built and tested with scattering-free standard solutions. A major difficulty in the development of the prototype was found to be the calibration of the integrating sphere reflectivity. A final laboratory instrument made of a Spectralon sphere was built and tested with artificial and natural water samples containing different levels of scattering particles and compared with existing in situ and laboratory techniques: the ac-9 transmissometer and the filter paper technique for particulate absorption as well as measurement of Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter. Compared with the ac-9 transmissometer, the PSICAM showed remarkable agreement even for water with very high content of Suspended Particulate Matter. Very good correlations were obtained when compared with traditional CDOM measurement. In some cases, significant discrepancies occurred with filter paper measurements of particulate absorption. From laboratory to in situ experiments the PSICAM proved to be a reliable instrument assuming that the instrument was regularly and carefully calibrated. Finally, the PSICAM was deployed during a cruise around the Antarctic Peninsula where total and dissolved absorption measurements were carried out together with chlorophyll absorption measurements after extraction in acetone.
title: Evolving role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis, radiotherapy simulation and management of Mucosal Primary Head and Neck Cancer (MPHNC)
Creators: name: Min, Myo
Publisher: name: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Outcomes

description: Aim Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aim: Following radiotherapy of Mucosal Primary Head and Neck Cancer (MPHNC), locoregional recurrence is the predominant site of failure, while response to therapy depends on microenvironment characteristics especially hypoxia. Tumour oxygenation, which...
An updated protocol for a systematic review of implementation-related measures
Creators: name: Powell, Byron
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background Implementation science is the study of strategies used to integrate evidence-based practices into real-world settings (Eccles and Mittman, Implement Sci. 1(1):1, 2006). Central to the identification of replicable, feasible, and effective implementation strategies is the ability to assess the impact of contextual constructs and intervention characteristics that may influence implementation, but several measurement issues make this work quite difficult. For instance, it is unclear which constructs have no measures and which measures have any evidence of psychometric properties like reliability and validity. As part of a larger set of studies to advance implementation science measurement (Lewis et al., Implement Sci. 10:102, 2015), we will complete systematic reviews of measures that map onto the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (Damschroder et al., Implement Sci. 4:50, 2009) and the Implementation Outcomes Framework (Proctor et al., Adm Policy Ment Health. 38(2):65-76, 2011), the protocol for which is described in this manuscript. Methods Our primary databases will be PubMed and Embase. Our search strings will be comprised of five levels: (1) the outcome or construct term; (2) terms for measure; (3) terms for evidence-based practice; (4) terms for implementation; and (5) terms for mental health. Two trained research specialists will independently review all titles and abstracts followed by full-text review for inclusion. The research specialists will then conduct measure-forward searches using the “cited by” function to identify all published empirical studies using each measure. The measure and associated publications will be compiled in a packet for data extraction. Data relevant to our Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS) will be independently extracted and then rated using a worst score counts methodology reflecting “poor” to “excellent” evidence. Discussion We will build a centralized, accessible, searchable repository through which researchers, practitioners, and other stakeholders can identify psychometrically and pragmatically strong measures of implementation contexts, processes, and outcomes. By facilitating the employment of psychometrically and pragmatically strong measures identified through this systematic review, the repository would enhance the cumulativeness, reproducibility, and applicability of research findings in the rapidly growing field of implementation science.
SNe Ia as a cosmological probe
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangcun
name: Gao, Yan
name: Han, Zhanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Type Ia supernovae luminosities can be corrected to render them useful as standard candles able to probe the expansion history of the universe. This technique was successful applied to discover the present acceleration of the universe. As the number of SNe Ia observed at high redshift increases and analysis techniques are perfected, people aim to use this technique to probe the equation of state of the dark energy. Nevertheless, the nature of SNe Ia progenitors remains controversial and concerns persist about possible evolution effects that may be larger and harder to characterize than the more obvious statistical uncertainties.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, invited review published in IJMPD