cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Streptozotocin as a tool for induction of rat models of diabetes: a practical guide
Creators: name: Ghasemi, Asghar
name: Jeddi, Sajad
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: animal model
rat
streptozotocin
Diabetes

description: Streptozotocin (STZ) is the most used diabetogenic chemical for creating rat models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Despite ~60 years of using STZ in animal diabetes research, some prevailing views about STZ preparation and use are not supported by evidence. Here, we provide practical guides for using STZ to induce diabetes in rats. Susceptibility to the diabetogenic effect of STZ is inversely related to age, and males are more susceptible to STZ than females. Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats, the most commonly-used rat strains, are sensitive to STZ, but some strains (e.g., Wistar-Kyoto rats) are less sensitive. STZ is mostly injected intravenously or intraperitoneally, but its intravenous injection produces more stable hyperglycemia. Despite the prevailing view, no fasting is necessary before STZ injection, and injection of its anomer-equilibrated solutions (i.e., more than 2 hours of dissolving) is recommended. Mortality following the injection of diabetogenic doses of STZ is due to severe hypoglycemia (during the first 24 h) or severe hyperglycemia (24 h after the injection and onwards). Some measures to prevent hypoglycemia-related mortality in rats include providing access to food soon after the injection, administration of glucose/sucrose solutions during the first 24-48 h after the injection, administration of STZ to fed animals, and using anomer-equilibrated solutions of STZ. Hyperglycemia-related mortality following injection of high doses of STZ can be overcome with insulin administration. In conclusion, STZ is a valuable chemical for inducing diabetes in rats, but some practical guides should be considered to perform well-conducted and ethical studies.
description: EXCLI Journal; 22:Doc274; ISSN 1611-2156
Patterns of heteroduplex formation associated with the initiation of meiotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: The double-strand break repair (DSBR) model of recombination predicts that heteroduplexes will be formed in regions that flank the double-strand break (DSB) site and that the resulting intermediate is resolved to generate either crossovers or noncrossovers for flanking markers. Previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, however, failed to detect heteroduplexes on both sides of the DSB site. Recent physical studies suggest that some recombination events involve heterodupex formation by a mechanism, synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), that is inherently asymmetric with respect to the DSB site and that leads exclusively to noncrossovers of flanking markers. Below, we demonstrate that many of the recombination events initiated at the HIS4 recombination hotspot are consistent with a variant of the DSBR model in which the extent of heteroduplex on one side of the DSB site is much greater than that on the other. Events that include only one flanking marker in the heteroduplex (unidirectional events) are usually resolved as noncrossovers, whereas events that include both flanking markers (bidirectional events) are usually resolved as crossovers. The unidirectional events may represent SDSA, consistent with the conclusions of others, although other possibilities are not excluded. We also show that the level of recombination reflects the integration of events initiated at several different DSB sites, and we identify a subset of gene conversion events that may involve break-induced replication (BIR) or repair of a double-stranded DNA gap.
ความเที่ยงภายใต้เงื่อนไขการทดสอบที่ต่างกันของแบบสอบอัตนัยประยุกต์วัดทักษะการคิดวิจารณญาณทางคณิตศาสตร์ : การประยุกต์ใช้ทฤษฎีการสรุปอ้างอิง
Creators: name: ภัคจิรา จงสุกใส
Publisher: name: ศูนย์นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษา สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์ และสื่อออนไลน์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย
Year: 2565
Subjects: แบบสอบอัตนัยประยุกต์
ทักษะการคิดวิจารณญาณทางคณิตศาสตร์
ทฤษฎีการสรุปอ้างอิง
วิธีตรวจให้คะแนนรูบริกสองชั้น
ความเที่ยง

description: วารสารครุศาสตร์, 50, 4, EDUCU5004001 (13 pages)
Psykisk sygdom og vold blandt unge kriminelle
Creators: Justitsministeriet, Retspsykiatrisk Klinik
DetSundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet, KøbenhavnsUniversitet
Niels Patrick Gosden
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Ph.d.-afhandlingen er baseret på en klinisk tværsnitundersøgelse og en registerbaseret follow-up undersøgelse. Formålet i den kliniske undersøgelse er 1) at beskrive forekomsten af psykiske og
adfærdsmæssige lidelser (ICD-10) blandt alle 15-17årige, der blev varetægtsfængslet gennem 1 år i øst Danmark; 2) at beskrive associationen mellem psykisk sygdom og vold blandt de
varetægtsfængslede. I det registerbaserede studie 3) at identificere prædiktorer for skizofreni blandt yngre kriminelle. Den kliniske
undersøgelse inkluderede 100 drenge af 126 unge og interviewede dem med psykiatriske diagnostiske instrumenter (f.eks. PSE-10). Der
blev fundet psykiske lidelser blandt 71 % af alle og 5 % havde tidligere været indlagt på en psykiatrisk afdeling. Der blev ikke fundet en
association mellem psykisk sygdom og vold blandt de unge varetægtsfængslede. Den registerbaserede follow-up undersøgelse
inkluderede alle 15-19årige i kontakt med Kriminalforsorgen i november 1992 (i alt 811 personer), der blev undersøgt i det Psykiatriske Central Register, og Dødsårsagsregisteret i år
2001. 20,8 % af alle havde i 2001 været indlagt på en psykiatrisk afdeling. 3,3 % var blevet skizofrene. Psykiatrisk indlæggelse eller en
voldsdom før 1992 øgede risikoen for at udvikle skizofreni hhv. 1,86 og 4,59 gange. Samlet anbefales det at unge varetægtsfængslede undersøges for psykisk sygdom og at yngre voldskriminelle undersøges for tidligere psykiatrisk indlæggelse. Disse foranstaltninger vil kunne rumme et kriminal- og sygdomsmæssigt præventivt potentiale.
Rank-based statistical methodologies for quantitative trait locus mapping.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: This article addresses the identification of genetic loci (QTL and elsewhere) that influence nonnormal quantitative traits with focus on experimental crosses. QTL mapping is typically based on the assumption that the traits follow normal distributions, which may not be true in practice. Model-free tests have been proposed. However, nonparametric estimation of genetic effects has not been studied. We propose an estimation procedure based on the linear rank test statistics. The properties of the new procedure are compared with those of traditional likelihood-based interval mapping and regression interval mapping via simulations and a real data example. The results indicate that the nonparametric method is a competitive alternative to the existing parametric methodologies.
Detecting crystal symmetry fractionalization from the ground state: Application to $\mathbb Z_2$ spin liquids on the kagome lattice
Creators: name: Qi, Yang
name: Fu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum spin liquid states, the fractionalized spinon excitations can carry fractional crystal symmetry quantum numbers, and this symmetry fractionalization distinguishes different topologically ordered spin liquid states. In this work we propose a simple way to detect signatures of such crystal symmetry fractionalizations from the crystal symmetry representations of the ground state wave function. We demonstrate our method on projected $\mathbb Z_2$ spin liquid wave functions on the kagome lattice, and show that it can be used to classify generic wave functions. Particularly our method can be used to distinguish several proposed candidates of $\mathbb Z_2$ spin liquid states on the kagome lattice.
description: main text: 6 pages, 1 figure. supplemental material: 8 pages, 2 figures. Added a few references and the journal reference
Minkowski's lost legacy and hadron electromagnetism
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Dong, Wen-bo
name: Yin, Yi-liang
name: Wang, Qun
name: Vary, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit Minkowski's lost legacy on relativistic electromagnetism in order to resolve long-standing puzzles over the charge distribution of relativistic systems like hadrons. Hadrons are unique relativistic electromagnetic systems characterized by their comparable size and Compton wavelength $r_h \sim λ_C$. As such, it was recently realized that the traditional Sachs definition of the charge distribution based on a non-relativistic formula is invalid. We explain that this is the same problem pursued by Lorentz, Einstein and others, on the electromagnetism of a moving body. We show how various charge distributions proposed in hadronic physics naturally emerge as the multipole moment densities in the macroscopic theory of relativistic electromagnetism.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; published on Physics Letters B
The sex chromosomes of Silene latifolia revisited and revised.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Classical studies have established that, during meiosis, the X and Y chromosomes of the model dioecious plant Silene latifolia pair over a region at the ends of their q arms. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization of two molecular markers to demonstrate that this widely accepted model is incorrect. From these data we conclude that the homologous arm of the X chromosome is the p arm and that of the Y chromosome is the q arm. The establishment of the proper orientation of the pseudoautosomal region is essential for mapping and evolutionary studies.
Η εργασιακή ηθική του δημόσιου τομέα υπό το πρίσμα της ηθικής συμπεριφοράς και φαινομένων ηθικής παρενόχλησης: Μια πρόταση προς εξυγίανση μέσω ανάπτυξης της διαπολιτισμικής επικοινωνιακής ικανότητας
Creators: name: Θανοπούλου, Δήμητρα
name: Καρράς, Ιωάννης
Publisher: name: Το Βήμα των Κοινωνικών Επιστημών
Year: 2023

description: Σκοπός αυτού του άρθρου είναι να αναδειχθεί η σχέση της εργασιακής ηθικής και της διαπολιτισμικής επικοινωνιακής ικανότητας, η οποία θα μπορούσε να αποτελέσει μέσο για την εξυγίανση του δημόσιου τομέα με τη βοήθεια της διαπολιτισμικής εκπαίδευσης. Μέσα από τη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση, γίνεται μια απόπειρα θετικού συσχετισμού της διαπολιτισμικής ικανότητας, της ηθικής συμπεριφοράς και του σεβασμού της διαφορετικότητας αλλά και από την άλλη των φαινομένων ηθικής και ψυχολογικής παρενόχλησης απουσία εργασιακής ηθικής. Συνεπώς, σύμφωνα με τον παρόντα θεωρητικό προβληματισμό, ένας διαπολιτισμικά ικανός υπάλληλος, που εκδηλώνει ηθική συμπεριφορά, με σεβασμό στη διαφορετικότητα, πιθανόν να αποτελούσε συγκριτικό πλεονέκτημα για έναν οργανισμό σε ένα συνεχώς μεταβαλλόμενο περιβάλλον δημόσιας διοίκησης.
description: Το Βήμα των Κοινωνικών Επιστημών, Vol. 20 No. 76 (2023)
An Efficient Resampling Method for Assessing Genome-Wide Statistical Significance in Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci
Creators: name: Lin, D. Y.
name: Fine, Jason P.
name: Hu, Jianhua
name: Zou, Fei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Assessing genome-wide statistical significance is an important and difficult problem in multipoint linkage analysis. Due to multiple tests on the same genome, the usual pointwise significance level based on the chi-square approximation is inappropriate. Permutation is widely used to determine genome-wide significance. Theoretical approximations are available for simple experimental crosses. In this article, we propose a resampling procedure to assess the significance of genome-wide QTL mapping for experimental crosses. The proposed method is computationally much less intensive than the permutation procedure (in the order of 102 or higher) and is applicable to complex breeding designs and sophisticated genetic models that cannot be handled by the permutation and theoretical methods. The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation studies and an application to a Drosophila backcross.
Asymptotic formula for quantum harmonic oscillator tunneling probabilities
Creators: name: Jadczyk, Arkadiusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using simple methods of asymptotic analysis it is shown that for a quantum harmonic oscillator in n-th energy eigenstate the probability of tunneling into the classically forbidden region obeys an unexpected but simple asymptotic formula: the leading term is inversely proportional to the cube root of n.
description: v6 13 pages, 6 figures, Several misprints corrected, added explanation of the origin of the second order correction. Submitted to Rep. Math. Phys
Statens Koncernsystem
Creators: Økonomistyrelsen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Statens Koncernsystem (SKS) er et konsoliderings- og rapporteringssystem, der indsamler regnskabsdata fra alle statslige institutioner. De officielle regnskaber og det efterfølgende statsregnskab opstilles ud fra de indsamlede data
Communication Pattern Logic: Epistemic and Topological Views
Creators: name: Castañeda, Armando
name: van Ditmarsch, Hans
name: Rosenblueth, David A.
name: Velázquez, Diego A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose communication pattern logic. A communication pattern describes how processes or agents inform each other, independently of the information content. The full-information protocol in distributed computing is the special case wherein all agents inform each other. We study this protocol in distributed computing models where communication might fail: an agent is certain about the messages it receives, but it may be uncertain about the messages other agents have received. In a dynamic epistemic logic with distributed knowledge and with modalities for communication patterns, the latter are interpreted by updating Kripke models. We propose an axiomatization of communication pattern logic, and we show that collective bisimilarity (comparing models on their distributed knowledge) is preserved when updating models with communication patterns. We can also interpret communication patterns by updating simplicial complexes, a well-known topological framework for distributed computing. We show that the different semantics correspond, and propose collective bisimulation between simplicial complexes.
Statens Bevillingslovsystem
Creators: Økonomistyrelsen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Statens Bevillingslovsystem (SB) anvendes til at udarbejde og opstille bevillingslovpublikationerne Forslag til Finanslov, ændringsforslag til Forslag til Finanslov, Ændringsforslag til Forslag til Finanslov, Finanslov, Forslag til lov om Tillægsbevilling og Statsregnskab. Systemet er udviklet ad hoc gennem årene og der foreligger ikke et egentligt lov- eller regelgrundlag bag, udover at alle ministerier skal aflevere bidrag til bevillingslovene. Anvendelse af EDB til opstilling af bidrag til finanslovspublikationerne blev påbegyndt i Finansministeriet i 1978/79. I 1985 overgik driften af edb-systemet fra Datacentralen (nu CSC) til en datamat i Statens Regnskabsdirektorat (nu Moderniseringsstyrelsen). I 1987/88 blev publikationssystemet, der danner den foreløbige sats til bogtryk, implementeret. I 1998 kobles SB-systemet på internettet. Systemet er i årenes løb øget og udbygget.
Diverse Evolutionary Mechanisms Shape the Type III Effector Virulence Factor Repertoire in the Plant Pathogen Pseudomonas syringae
Creators: name: Rohmer, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria directly translocate effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells via type III delivery systems. Type III effector proteins are determinants of virulence on susceptible plant hosts; they are also the proteins that trigger specific disease resistance in resistant plant hosts. Evolution of type III effectors is dominated by competing forces: the likely requirement for conservation of virulence function, the avoidance of host defenses, and possible adaptation to new hosts. To understand the evolutionary history of type III effectors in Pseudomonas syringae, we searched for homologs to 44 known or candidate P. syringae type III effectors and two effector chaperones. We examined 24 gene families for distribution among bacterial species, amino acid sequence diversity, and features indicative of horizontal transfer. We assessed the role of diversifying and purifying selection in the evolution of these gene families. While some P. syringae type III effectors were acquired recently, others have evolved predominantly by descent. The majority of codons in most of these genes were subjected to purifying selection, suggesting selective pressure to maintain presumed virulence function. However, members of 7 families had domains subject to diversifying selection.
Does Crossover Interference Count in Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Creators: name: Stahl, F. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We previously proposed a “counting model” for meiotic crossover interference, in which double-strand breaks occur independently and a fixed number of noncrossovers occur between neighboring crossovers. Whereas in some organisms (group I) this simple model alone describes the crossover distribution, in other organisms (group II) an additional assumption—that some crossovers lack interference—improves the fit. Other differences exist between the groups: Group II needs double-strand breaks and some repair functions to achieve synapsis, while repair in group I generally occurs after synapsis is achieved; group II, but not group I, has recombination proteins Dmc1, Mnd1, and Hop2. Here we report experiments in msh4 mutants that are designed to test predictions of the revised model in a group II organism. Further, we interpret these experiments, the above-mentioned differences between group I and II meiosis, and other data to yield the following proposal: Group II organisms use the repair of leptotene breaks to promote synapsis by generating double-Holliday-junction intermediates that lock homologs together (pairing pathway). The possible crossover or noncrossover resolution products of these structures lack interference. In contrast, for both group I and group II, repair during pachytene (disjunction pathway) is associated with interference and generates only two resolution types, whose structures suggest that the Holliday junctions of the repair intermediates are unligated. A crossover arises when such an intermediate is stabilized by a protein that prevents its default resolution to a noncrossover. The protein-binding pattern required for interference depends on clustering of sites that have received, or are normally about to receive, meiotic double-strand breaks.
End-Joining Repair of Double-Strand Breaks in Drosophila melanogaster Is Largely DNA Ligase IV Independent
Creators: name: McVey, Mitch
name: Radut, Dora
name: Sekelsky, Jeff J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Repair of DNA double-strand breaks can occur by either nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination. Most nonhomologous end joining requires a specialized ligase, DNA ligase IV (Lig4). In Drosophila melanogaster, double-strand breaks created by excision of a P element are usually repaired by a homologous recombination pathway called synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA). SDSA requires strand invasion mediated by DmRad51, the product of the spn-A gene. In spn-A mutants, repair proceeds through a nonconservative pathway involving the annealing of microhomologies found within the 17-nt overhangs produced by P excision. We report here that end joining of P-element breaks in the absence of DmRad51 does not require Drosophila LIG4. In wild-type flies, SDSA is sometimes incomplete, and repair is finished by an end-joining pathway that also appears to be independent of LIG4. Loss of LIG4 does not increase sensitivity to ionizing radiation in late-stage larvae, but lig4 spn-A double mutants do show heightened sensitivity relative to spn-A single mutants. Together, our results suggest that a LIG4-independent end-joining pathway is responsible for the majority of double-strand break repair in the absence of homologous recombination in flies.
Simulation of the elementary evolution operator with the motional states of an ion in an anharmonic trap
Creators: name: Santos, Ludovic
name: Justum, Yves
name: Vaeck, Nathalie
name: Desouter-Lecomte, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following a recent proposal of L. Wang and D. Babikov, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 064301 (2012), we theoretically illustrate the possibility of using the motional states of a $Cd^+$ ion trapped in a slightly anharmonic potential to simulate the single-particle time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The simulated wave packet is discretized on a spatial grid and the grid points are mapped on the ion motional states which define the qubit network. The localization probability at each grid point is obtained from the population in the corresponding motional state. The quantum gate is the elementary evolution operator corresponding to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation of the simulated system. The corresponding matrix can be estimated by any numerical algorithm. The radio-frequency field able to drive this unitary transformation among the qubit states of the ion is obtained by multi-target optimal control theory. The ion is assumed to be cooled in the ground motional state and the preliminary step consists in initializing the qubits with the amplitudes of the initial simulated wave packet. The time evolution of the localization probability at the grids points is then obtained by successive applications of the gate and reading out the motional state population. The gate field is always identical for a given simulated potential, only the field preparing the initial wave packet has to be optimized for different simulations. We check the stability of the simulation against decoherence due to fluctuating electric fields in the trap electrodes by applying dissipative Lindblad dynamics.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures. Revised version. New title, new figure and new references
Probing the Hydrodynamic Limit of (Super)gravity
Creators: name: Di Dato, Adriana
name: Gath, Jakob
name: Pedersen, Andreas Vigand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the long-wavelength effective description of two general classes of charged dilatonic (asymptotically flat) black p-branes including D/NS/M-branes in ten and eleven dimensional supergravity. In particular, we consider gravitational brane solutions in a hydrodynamic derivative expansion (to first order) for arbitrary dilaton coupling and for general brane and co-dimension and determine their effective electro-fluid-dynamic descriptions by exacting the characterizing transport coefficients. We also investigate the stability properties of the corresponding hydrodynamic systems by analyzing their response to small long-wavelength perturbations. For branes carrying unsmeared charge, we find that in a certain regime of parameter space there exists a branch of stable charged configurations. This is in accordance with the expectation that D/NS/M-branes have stable configurations, except for the D5, D6, and NS5. In contrast, we find that Maxwell charged brane configurations are Gregory-Laflamme unstable independently of the charge and, in particular, verify that smeared configurations of D0-branes are unstable. Finally, we provide a modification to the mapping presented in arxiv:1211.2815 and utilize it to provide a non-trivial cross-check on a certain subset of our transport coefficients with the results of arXiv:1110.2320.
description: 36 pages, 2 figures. v2: Added reference and corrected typo
Nye former for politisk repræsentation
Creators: Aarhus Universitet, BBS - Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet
Helene Helboe Pedersen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Projektet undersøger i hvor høj grad og under hvilke betingelser, politisk repræsentation er blevet personaliseret. Personalisering er en proces, hvor folkevalgte i stigende grad bliver uafhængige af de politiske partier og i stedet fremmer en personlig politisk dagsorden og bruger deres personlige kvaliteter til at tiltrække vælgernes opmærksomhed og støtte. Det betyder, at repræsentationen grundlæggende forandres fra en kollektivpartipolitisk relation mellem vælgere og repræsentanter til en mere personlig relation. Dermed tilbyder projektet en afgørende indsigt i, hvordan det moderne demokrati udvikler sig. Projektet undersøger graden af personalisering gennem et studie af særligt britiske og danske parlamentsmedlemmers repræsentative normer og adfærd i parlamentet og i medierne fra omkring 1980 til i dag. Projektet udvikler en ny teoretisk model til at forklare varierende grader af personalisering mellem personer, partier og lande og opbygger gennem et tæt internationalt samarbejde en database, som muliggør empiriske analyser på tværs af individer, partier, lande og tid.
SAP38
Creators: Skatteforvaltningen
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: SAP38 anvendes til regnskabsaflæggelse af statens indtægter og balanceposter for alle told, skatter og afgifter der opkræves i henhold til finanslovens § 37 og 38 med flere. Herudover anvendes systemet til regnskabsaflæggelse til statsregnskabet
Evidence for Multiple Cycles of Strand Invasion During Repair of Double-Strand Gaps in Drosophila
Creators: name: McVey, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a major source of genome instability, are often repaired through homologous recombination pathways. Models for these pathways have been proposed, but the precise mechanisms and the rules governing their use remain unclear. In Drosophila, the synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) model can explain most DSB repair. To investigate SDSA, we induced DSBs by excision of a P element from the male X chromosome, which produces a 14-kb gap relative to the sister chromatid. In wild-type males, repair synthesis tracts are usually long, resulting in frequent restoration of the P element. However, repair synthesis is often incomplete, resulting in internally deleted P elements. We examined the effects of mutations in spn-A, which encodes the Drosophila Rad51 ortholog. As expected, there is little or no repair synthesis in homozygous spn-A mutants after P excision. However, heterozygosity for spn-A mutations also resulted in dramatic reductions in the lengths of repair synthesis tracts. These findings support a model in which repair DNA synthesis is not highly processive. We discuss a model wherein repair of a double-strand gap requires multiple cycles of strand invasion, synthesis, and dissociation of the nascent strand. After dissociation, the nascent strand may anneal to a complementary single strand, reinvade a template to be extended by additional synthesis, or undergo end joining. This model can explain aborted SDSA repair events and the prevalence of internally deleted transposable elements in genomes.
Negative polarizability of 2D electrons in HgTe quantum well
Creators: name: Aleshkin, V. Ya.
name: Germanenko, A. V.
name: Minkov, G. M.
name: Sherstobitov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarizability of electrons occupying the lowest subband of spatial quantization in CdTe/Cd$_x$Hg$_{1-x}$Te/CdTe quantum wells is calculated. It is shown that polarizability in the quantum well without cadmium is negative, i.e., the displacement of an electron in an electric field applied perpendicularly to the quantum well plane is opposite to the force acting on it. The negative polarizability of 2D electrons can reduce the dielectric constant of quantum wells by up to $(10-15)$ percent.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Hyperspectral imaging of excitons within a moiré unit-cell with a sub-nanometer electron probe
Creators: name: Susarla, Sandhya
name: Naik, Mit H.
name: Blach, Daria D.
name: Zipfel, Jonas
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Huang, Libai
name: Ramesh, Ramamoorthy
name: da Jornada, Felipe H.
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Ercius, Peter
name: Raja, Archana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic and optical excitations in two-dimensional moiré systems are uniquely sensitive to local atomic registries, leading to materials- and twist-angle specific correlated electronic ground states with varied degree of localization. However, there has been no direct experimental correlation between the sub-nanometer structure and emergent excitonic transitions, comprising tightly-bound pairs of photoexcited electrons and holes. Here, we use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy to simultaneously image the structural reconstruction and associated localization of the lowest-energy intralayer exciton in a rotationally aligned heterostructure of WS2 and WSe2 monolayers. In conjunction with optical spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we determine that the exciton center-of-mass wavefunction is strongly modulated in space, confined to a radius of ~ 2 nm around the highest-energy stacking site in the moiré unit-cell, forming a triangular lattice. Our results provide direct evidence that atomic reconstructions lead to the strongly confining moiré potentials and that engineering strain at the nanoscale will enable new types of excitonic lattices.
description: 11 pages 3 figures
กลยุทธ์การบริหารกิจการนักเรียนเพื่อความเป็นพลเมืองโลก สำหรับโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษา สังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษาขอนแก่น
Creators: name: จอมไตร  ทันโส
Publisher: name: ศูนย์นวัตกรรมทางการศึกษา สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์ และสื่อออนไลน์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย
Year: 2565
Subjects: กลยุทธ์
การบริหารกิจการนักเรียน
ความเป็นพลเมืองโลก

description: วารสารครุศาสตร์, 50, 4, EDUCU5004002 (13 pages)
Online set-point estimation for feedback-based traffic control applications
Creators: name: Tajdari, Farzam
name: Roncoli, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper deals with traffic control at motorway bottlenecks assuming the existence of an unknown, time-varying, Fundamental Diagram (FD). The FD may change over time due to different traffic compositions, e.g., light and heavy vehicles, as well as in the presence of connected and automated vehicles equipped with different technologies at varying penetration rates, leading to inconstant and uncertain driving characteristics. A novel methodology, based on Model Reference Adaptive Control, is proposed to robustly estimate in real-time the time-varying set-points that maximise the bottleneck throughput, particularly useful when the traffic is regulated via a feedback-based controller. Furthermore, we demonstrate the global asymptotic stability of the proposed controller through a Lyapunov analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated via simulation experiments, where the estimator is integrated into a feedback ramp-metering control strategy, employing a second-order multi-lane macroscopic traffic flow model, modified to account for time-varying FDs.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
The Periodic Tables of Algebraic Geometry
Creators: name: Belmans, Pieter
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
Year: 2023

description: To understand our world, we classify things. A famous example is the periodic table of elements, which describes the properties of all known chemical elements and gives us a classification of the building blocks we can use in physics, chemistry, and biology. In mathematics, and algebraic geometry in particular, there are many instances of similar “periodic tables”, describing fundamental classification results. We will go on a tour of some of these.
description: Snapshots of modern mathematics from Oberwolfach;2023-02
Ballistic and Radiation Shielding Capabilities of Foam-Core Sandwich Panels with Composite and Aluminum Facesheets
Creators: Babarinde, Victor O.
Jayaraman, Raghavan
Telichev, Igor
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Conference Abstract. Part of the Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering International Congress 2022.
SERCNN: Stacked Embedding Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network in Detecting Depression on Twitter
Creators: name: Tay, Heng Ee
name: Lim, Mei Kuan
name: Chong, Chun Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conventional approaches to identify depression are not scalable, and the public has limited awareness of mental health, especially in developing countries. As evident by recent studies, social media has the potential to complement mental health screening on a greater scale. The vast amount of first-person narrative posts in chronological order can provide insights into one's thoughts, feelings, behavior, or mood for some time, enabling a better understanding of depression symptoms reflected in the online space. In this paper, we propose SERCNN, which improves the user representation by (1) stacking two pretrained embeddings from different domains and (2) reintroducing the embedding context to the MLP classifier. Our SERCNN shows great performance over state-of-the-art and other baselines, achieving 93.7% accuracy in a 5-fold cross-validation setting. Since not all users share the same level of online activity, we introduced the concept of a fixed observation window that quantifies the observation period in a predefined number of posts. With as minimal as 10 posts per user, SERCNN performed exceptionally well with an 87% accuracy, which is on par with the BERT model, while having 98% less in the number of parameters. Our findings open up a promising direction for detecting depression on social media with a smaller number of posts for inference, towards creating solutions for a cost-effective and timely intervention. We hope that our work can bring this research area closer to real-world adoption in existing clinical practice.
description: This paper has been accepted at the AIHA 2022 workshop of the ICPR 2022 conference
A Comparative Study on COVID-19 Fake News Detection Using Different Transformer Based Models
Creators: name: Joy, Sajib Kumar Saha
name: Dofadar, Dibyo Fabian
name: Khan, Riyo Hayat
name: Ahmed, Md. Sabbir
name: Rahman, Rafeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid advancement of social networks and the convenience of internet availability have accelerated the rampant spread of false news and rumors on social media sites. Amid the COVID 19 epidemic, this misleading information has aggravated the situation by putting peoples mental and physical lives in danger. To limit the spread of such inaccuracies, identifying the fake news from online platforms could be the first and foremost step. In this research, the authors have conducted a comparative analysis by implementing five transformer based models such as BERT, BERT without LSTM, ALBERT, RoBERTa, and a Hybrid of BERT & ALBERT in order to detect the fraudulent news of COVID 19 from the internet. COVID 19 Fake News Dataset has been used for training and testing the models. Among all these models, the RoBERTa model has performed better than other models by obtaining an F1 score of 0.98 in both real and fake classes.
Genetic and Bioinformatic Analysis of 41C and the 2R Heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster: A Window on the Heterochromatin-Euchromatin Junction
Creators: name: Myster, S. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Genomic sequences provide powerful new tools in genetic analysis, making it possible to combine classical genetics with genomics to characterize the genes in a particular chromosome region. These approaches have been applied successfully to the euchromatin, but analysis of the heterochromatin has lagged somewhat behind. We describe a combined genetic and bioinformatics approach to the base of the right arm of the Drosophila melanogaster second chromosome, at the boundary between pericentric heterochromatin and euchromatin. We used resources provided by the genome project to derive a physical map of the region, examine gene density, and estimate the number of potential genes. We also carried out a large-scale genetic screen for lethal mutations in the region. We identified new alleles of the known essential genes and also identified mutations in 21 novel loci. Fourteen complementation groups map proximal to the assembled sequence. We used PCR to map the endpoints of several deficiencies and used the same set of deficiencies to order the essential genes, correlating the genetic and physical map. This allowed us to assign two of the complementation groups to particular "computed/curated genes" (CGs), one of which is Nipped-A, which our evidence suggests encodes Drosophila Tra1/TRRAP.
Introducing Student Inquiry in Large Introductory Genetics Classes
Creators: name: Pukkila, P. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: An appreciation of genetic principles depends upon understanding the individual curiosity that sparked particular investigations, the creativity involved in imagining alternative outcomes and designing experiments to eliminate these outcomes, and the clarity of thought necessary to convince one's scientific peers of the validity of the conclusions. At large research universities, students usually begin their study of genetics in large lecture classes. It is widely assumed that the lecture format, coupled with the pressures to be certain that students become familiar with the principal conclusions of genetics investigations, constrains most if not all departures from the formats textbooks used to explain these conclusions. Here I present several examples of mechanisms to introduce meaningful student inquiry in an introductory genetics course and to evaluate student creative effort. Most of the examples involve altered student preparation prior to class and additional in-class activities, while a few depend upon a smaller recitation section, which accompanies the course from which the examples have been drawn. I conclude that large introductory classes are suitable venues to teach students how to identify scientific claims, determine the evidence that is essential to eliminate alternative conclusions, and convince their peers of the validity of their arguments.
title: The alienated protagonist : Some effects of generic interaction in Middle English literature.
Creators: name: Little, F.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This thesis discusses the effect that the use of more than one genre in a medieval narrative has upon the way we read the character of the main protagonist. Where most medieval writing aligns protagonist and narrative with a single genre, the main texts in this thesis confuse the reader's sense of such an alignment and the resulting generic interaction has the effect of separating the protagonist from the narrative, an effect I have called 'alienation'. This terminology relates to the Augustinian metaphor for the experience of the righteous in a fallen world. It is an image which describes a conflict of semiologies: individuals who operate according to one set of terms in a context which operates according to a different set of terms. The thesis examines the idea that the gaps in the narrative that are created by the alienation of the protagonist - the reader's sense of the protagonist having a meaning which does not work smoothly within his/her narrative context - allow for an interpretation of the character of the protagonist which is more sympathetic to a post- Romantic concept of individuality than is usual in medieval characterisation. Chapter One defines 'genre' and 'alienation' in relation to their application in the thesis, and discusses medieval ideas of individuality and the framework of language available to medieval writers for describing the individual. Two texts are used to illust~ate some of the points made in this discussion: the Confessions of Saint Augustine, and William Langland's ?iers Plowman. The following five chapters each give a reading of one of the main texts. Chapter Two shows how the romance characterisation of Sir Gawain, in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, is undermined by penitential and fabliau elements, Chapter Three, how Sir Lancelot in Malory's ~ale of the Sankgreal, is juxtaposed with a hagiographical narrative and an alternative hero, Sir Galahad. In Chapters Four and Five Criseyde, in Chaucer's ~roilus an~_~iseyd~, and his Canon's Yeoman, in the Canon's Yeoman's Tale, are both generically alienated as a mimesis of their---- thematic alienation as traitor and as alchemist. And Chapter Six establishes a working definition of Complaint and shows how Hoccleve, in his Complaint, uses and then transcends the genre's characteristic representation of righteous alienation to demonstrate his recovery from madness. Finally, Chapter Seven looks beyond Middle English to Marlowe's Doctor Faustus and the representation of character in the Renaissance.
Machine learning for transient discovery in Pan-STARRS1 difference imaging
Creators: name: Wright, D. E.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Smith, K. W.
name: Miller, P.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Rest, A.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Flewelling, H.
name: Hodapp, K. W.
name: Huber, M.
name: Jedicke, R.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient identification and follow-up of astronomical transients is hindered by the need for humans to manually select promising candidates from data streams that contain many false positives. These artefacts arise in the difference images that are produced by most major ground-based time domain surveys with large format CCD cameras. This dependence on humans to reject bogus detections is unsustainable for next generation all-sky surveys and significant effort is now being invested to solve the problem computationally. In this paper we explore a simple machine learning approach to real-bogus classification by constructing a training set from the image data of ~32000 real astrophysical transients and bogus detections from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey. We derive our feature representation from the pixel intensity values of a 20x20 pixel stamp around the centre of the candidates. This differs from previous work in that it works directly on the pixels rather than catalogued domain knowledge for feature design or selection. Three machine learning algorithms are trained (artificial neural networks, support vector machines and random forests) and their performances are tested on a held-out subset of 25% of the training data. We find the best results from the random forest classifier and demonstrate that by accepting a false positive rate of 1%, the classifier initially suggests a missed detection rate of around 10%. However we also find that a combination of bright star variability, nuclear transients and uncertainty in human labelling means that our best estimate of the missed detection rate is approximately 6%.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
On the Formation of Ultraluminous X-ray Sources with Neutron Star Accretors: the Case of M82 X-2
Creators: name: Fragos, Tassos
name: Linden, Tim
name: Kalogera, Vicky
name: Sklias, Panos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of a neutron star accretor in the ultra-luminous X-ray source M82 X-2 challenges our understanding of high-mass X-ray binary formation and evolution. By combining binary population synthesis and detailed mass-transfer models, however, we show that the binary parameters of M82 X-2 are not surprising provided non-conservative mass transfer is allowed. Specifically, the donor-mass lower limit and orbital period measured for M82 X-2 lie near the most probable values predicted by population synthesis models, and systems such as M82 X-2 should exist in approximately 13% of the galaxies with a star-formation history similar to M82. We conclude that the binary system that formed M82 X-2 is most likely less than 50 Myr old and contains a donor star which had an initial mass of approximately 8-10 M$_\odot$, while the NS's progenitor star had an initial mass in the $8-25\,\rm M_{\odot}$ range. The donor star still currently resides on the main sequence, and is capable of continued MT on the thermal timescale, while in the ultra-luminous X-ray regime, for as long as 400,000 years.
description: 6 pages, 4 Figures, The Astrophysical Journal Letters (in press)
Correlation effects in the capacitance of a gated carbon nanotube
Creators: name: Fu, Han
name: Shklovskii, B. I.
name: Skinner, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a capacitor made of a semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) suspended above a metallic gate, Coulomb correlations between individual electrons can lead to a capacitance that is much larger than the geometric capacitance. We argue that when the average spacing $n^{-1}$ between electrons within the low density 1-dimensional electron gas (1DEG) in the CNT is larger than the physical separation $d$ between the CNT and the gate, the enhancement of capacitance is expected to be big. A recent Coulomb blockade experiment[1], however, has observed no obvious increase of capacitance even at very low electron density. We show that this smaller capacitance can be understood as the result of the confining potential produced by the potential difference between the source/drain electrodes and the gate, which compresses the 1DEG when the electron number decreases. We suggest that by profiling the potential with the help of multiple split gates, one can return to the case of a uniform 1DEG with anomalously large capacitance.