cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The central region of the enigmatic Malin 1
Creators: name: Saha, Kanak
name: Dhiwar, Suraj
name: Barway, Sudhanshu
name: Narayan, Chaitra
name: Tandon, Shyam N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Malin 1, being a class of giant low surface galaxies, continues to surprise us even today. The HST/F814W observation has shown that the central region of Malin 1 is more like a normal SB0/a galaxy, while the rest of the disk has the characteristic of a low surface brightness system. The AstroSat/UVIT observations suggest scattered recent star formation activity all over the disk, especially along the spiral arms. The central 9" ($\sim 14$ kpc) region, similar to the size of the Milky Way's stellar disk, has a number of far-UV clumps - indicating recent star-formation activity. The high resolution UVIT/F154W image reveals far-UV emission within the bar region ($\sim 4$ kpc) - suggesting the presence of hot, young stars in the bar. These young stars from the bar region are perhaps responsible for producing the strong emission lines such as H$α$, [OII] seen in the SDSS spectra. Malin 1B, a dwarf early-type galaxy, is interacting with the central region and probably responsible for inducing the recent star-formation activity in this galaxy.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
A quantum study of multi-bit phase coding for optical storage
Creators: name: Hsu, Magnus T. L.
name: Delaubert, Vincent
name: Bowen, Warwick P.
name: Fabre, Claude
name: Bachor, Hans-A.
name: Lam, Ping Koy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme which encodes information in both the longitudinal and spatial transverse phases of a continuous-wave optical beam. A split detector-based interferometric scheme is then introduced to optimally detect both encoded phase signals. In contrast to present-day optical storage devices, our phase coding scheme has an information storage capacity which scales with the power of the read-out optical beam. We analyse the maximum number of encoding possibilities at the shot noise limit. In addition, we show that using squeezed light, the shot noise limit can be overcome and the number of encoding possibilities increased. We discuss a possible application of our phase coding scheme for increasing the capacities of optical storage devices.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures (Please email author for a PDF file if the manuscript does not turn out properly)
Probabilistic Social Learning Improves the Public's Detection of Misinformation
Creators: name: Guilbeault, Douglas
name: Woolley, Samuel
name: Becker, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The digital spread of misinformation is one of the leading threats to democracy, public health, and the global economy. Popular strategies for mitigating misinformation include crowdsourcing, machine learning, and media literacy programs that require social media users to classify news in binary terms as either true or false. However, research on peer influence suggests that framing decisions in binary terms can amplify judgment errors and limit social learning, whereas framing decisions in probabilistic terms can reliably improve judgments. In this preregistered experiment, we compare online peer networks that collaboratively evaluate the veracity of news by communicating either binary or probabilistic judgments. Exchanging probabilistic estimates of news veracity substantially improved individual and group judgments, with the effect of eliminating polarization in news evaluation. By contrast, exchanging binary classifications reduced social learning and entrenched polarization. The benefits of probabilistic social learning are robust to participants' education, gender, race, income, religion, and partisanship.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Hansenocaris undetermined
Creators: name: Olesen, Jørgen
name: Grygier, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Hansenocarididae
Hansenocaris
Hansenocaris undetermined

description: Y-nauplius Type AM
Figs 2, 19H
Material examined
JAPAN – Okinawa, Sesoko I., laboratory pier, 26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N, 127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E • 1 LSN; 2018–2019 (Tables 1 and S1).
Description
LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body lollipop-shaped in dorso-ventral view; about 1.6 times as long as wide; cephalic shield large and circular, with sharp discontinuity in body outline leading into trunk. In lateral view, longitudinal axes of cephalon, trunk and dorso-caudal spine in approximately same plane. Length 420 µm (without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width ca 260 µm, dorso-ventral thickness not measured but body apparently quite flattened. Labrum not examined in detail. Caudal end attenuate, terminating in ca 160 µm long, smooth dorso-caudal spine flanked ventrally at base by pair of small, thorn-like furcal spines ca 20 µm long.
CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. Body overall weakly brownish but with lateral margins of cephalon and terminal part of telson distinctly darker brown. Gut-like tube packed with yellow yolk granules, these being markedly concentrated in central part of cephalon. Telson about as long as wide and less than half as long as thorax.
Identification and variation
Easily recognizable by its general form, especially the large rounded cephalic shield and very long, smooth dorso-caudal spine, and by the cyprid’s distinct pattern of brown pigmentation. Only one specimen was available, so variation could not be checked.
Distribution
Japan (Sesoko Island, Okinawa); Taiwan (Green Island) (unpublished).
description: Published as part of Olesen, Jørgen & Grygier, Mark J., 2024, Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ' y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii, pp. 1-90 in European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479, http://zenodo.org/record/10876286
A needle-based deep-neural-network camera
Creators: name: Guo, Ruipeng
name: Nelson, Soren
name: Menon, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate a camera whose primary optic is a cannula (diameter=0.22mm and length=12.5mm) that acts a lightpipe transporting light intensity from an object plane (35cm away) to its opposite end. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are used to reconstruct color and grayscale images with field of view of 180 and angular resolution of ~0.40. When trained on images with depth information, the DNN can create depth maps. Finally, we show DNN-based classification of the EMNIST dataset without and with image reconstructions. The former could be useful for imaging with enhanced privacy.
Effects of Telazol®, Tiletamine, and Zolazepam on hepatic cytochrome P450 expresssion in rats
Creators: name: Wong, Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The goal of the present project was to examine the effects the immobilizing agent, Telazol® , and its constituents, tiletamine and zolazepam, on cytochrome P450 expression in rats. The effects elicited by the three agents were compared with those produced by phenobarbital (PB) using a similar dosing regimen. In the first of three sections, male Long Evans rats received a single i.p. injection of Telazol at a dose of 20, 40, 80, or 120 mg/kg. Rats were killed 24 h later and hepatic microsomes prepared. Treatment with Telazol® produced a dose-dependent increase in benzyloxyresorufin (BROD) and pentoxyresorufin (PROD) O-dealkylase, and testosterone 16β-hydroxylase activities. The same treatment group showed a significant increase of 17-fold in the hepatic level of cytochrome P450 2B1. A dose-dependent but insignificant increase was found in the hepatic level of cytochrome P450 2B2. In section 2, male Long Evans rats received a single i.p. injection of tiletamine at a dose of 60 mg/kg, zolazepam at a dose of 60 mg/kg, or Telazol® at a dose of 120 mg/kg. Rats were killed 24 h later and hepatic microsomes prepared. Tiletamine produced a small but insignificant increase in BROD and testosterone 16p-hydroxylase activities, whereas zolazepam and Telazol increased the enzyme activities by 4.7- to 15.3-fold, respectively. The lather treatments also significantly increased hepatic levels of cytochrome P450 2B1, P450 2B2, and P450 3A isozymes. In section 3, male Long Evans rats received a single i.p. injection of PB at a dose of 60 or 120 mg/kg. Rats were killed 24 h later and hepatic microsomes prepared. PB at a dose of 120 mg/kg increased BROD, EROD, and PROD activities by 22.6-, 2.0-, and 7.0-fold, respectively, while significant increases of 1.7-, 17.4-, and 1.7-fold, respectively, were found in the rates of formation of 6β-, 16β-hydroxytestosterone, and androstenedione. The same treatment elevated hepatic levels of cytochrome P450 2B and P450 3A isozymes by 24.9- and 8.9-fold, respectively. Treatment with PB at a dose of 60 mg/kg produced similar increases in enzyme activities and protein contents of cytochromes P450. In summary, results indicated that Telazol®, at a dose of 80 mg/kg or greater, induced hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 2B in rats. Zolazepam was the major constituent responsible for the enzyme induction. The pattern of induction produced by Telazol® was similar to that elicited by PB, although PB at a similar dose produced a greater inductive effect on cytochromes P450.
Many-Body Models for Chirality-Induced Spin Selectivity in Electron Transfer
Creators: name: Chiesa, A.
name: Garlatti, E.
name: Mezzadri, M.
name: Celada, L.
name: Sessoli, R.
name: Wasielewski, M. R.
name: Bittl, R.
name: Santini, P.
name: Carretta, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first microscopic model for chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in electron-transfer, in which the internal degrees of freedom of the chiral bridge are explicitly included. By exactly solving this model on short chiral chains we demonstrate that a sizable polarization on the acceptor arises from the interplay of coherent and incoherent dynamics, with strong electron-electron correlations yielding many-body states on the bridge as crucial ingredients. Moreover, we include the coherent and incoherent interactions with vibrational modes and show that they can play an important role in determining the long-time polarized state probed in experiments.
Nano-wires with surface disorder: Giant localization lengths and quantum-to-classical crossover
Creators: name: Feist, J.
name: Bäcker, A.
name: Ketzmerick, R.
name: Rotter, S.
name: Huckestein, B.
name: Burgdörfer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electronic quantum transport through nano-wires with one-sided surface roughness. A magnetic field perpendicular to the scattering region is shown to lead to exponentially diverging localization lengths in the quantum-to-classical crossover regime. This effect can be quantitatively accounted for by tunneling between the regular and the chaotic components of the underlying mixed classical phase space.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; final version (including added references)
title: Making Heimat in the modern world: state, Catholicism, and nature in a Bavarian village community
Creators: name: Liu, Danfeng
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2021

description: This thesis is an ethnographic study of ‘Heimat’ (home) in a Bavarian village, and how Heimat is made in relationship with the German nation-state, the Catholic church, and the experience of nature. At a time when the village has lost its previous political and economic significance, local efforts to make Heimat have become vital to regenerate the village community. Major economic and political changes since World War II have led to substantial changes in the village, especially the decline of ‘big families’ and rise of local associations (Vereine) as the main organisational force. Against this historical backdrop, local identities emerge in the tensions and entanglements between state formation and local practice. The political reality of Heimat is defined by the ways in which villagers reveal and bridge oppositions between official and vernacular discourses. Aside from government and state, Catholicism also plays an indispensable role in articulating senses of community in Heimat. The ethics and organisational forms of the Catholic Church offer alternative ideals and institutions to secular ones; they can also provide connections between state and village. Furthermore, villagers’ experience of Heimat at present are crucially expressed in the local idea of ‘returning to nature to heal society’s illnesses.’ This local idiom incorporates contradictory characteristics, as a metaphor of villagers’ investments in and hopes for Heimat itself, and with exclusionist connotations. Nature in this sense is both a source of morality for a society deemed lacking and ultimately beyond human morality, for only nature that is essentially different from human society has the power to heal. The unreachability of this idea of nature is its very strength. Heimat, similarly, operates based on a core paradox: to maintain Heimat, villagers tend to externalise the inherent problems of Heimat to an imagined opposition between the ‘traditional village’ (as Heimat) and the ‘modern city’ (as its ultimate ‘other’, with ethnic diversity). But an analysis of the local dialectical understandings of modern time and the corresponding meanings of Heimat reveal that Heimat is essentially a product of modernity.
Lossless, Complex-Valued Optical Field Control with Compound Metaoptics
Creators: name: Raeker, Brian O.
name: Grbic, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forming a desired optical field distribution from a given source requires precise spatial control of a field's amplitude and phase. Low-loss metasurfaces that allow extreme phase and polarization control of optical fields have been demonstrated over the past few years. However, metasurfaces that provide amplitude control have remained lossy, utilizing mechanisms such as reflection, absorption, or polarization loss to control amplitude. Here, we describe the amplitude and phase manipulation of optical fields without loss, by using two lossless phase-only metasurfaces separated by a distance. We first demonstrate a combined beam-former and splitter optical component using this approach. Next, we show a high-quality computer-generated three-dimensional hologram. The proposed metaoptic platform combines the advantage of lossless, complex-valued field control with a physically small thickness. This approach could lead to low-profile, three-dimensional holographic displays, compact optical components, and high precision optical tweezers for micro-particle manipulation.
Grammatical elicitation: Question formation, negation, and imperfectives
Creators: name: Ramirez, Angela
name: Clem, Emily
name: Jung, Sihun
name: Lim, Jun Jie
name: Mayel, Milad
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: mvj

description: Elicitation of yes/no questions and their possible answers, including negated constructions and imperfectives. Elicitation leaders: Sihun Jung (recording 1), Jun Jie Lim (recording 2)
Interface-driven magnetic anisotropy in relaxed La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$CrO$_3$/La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$ heterostructures on MgO
Creators: name: Koohfar, Sanaz
name: Ozbek, Yasemin
name: Bland, Hayden S.
name: Zhang, Zhan
name: Kumah, Divine P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structural and magnetic properties of La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$CrO$_3$ (LSCO)/La$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$MnO$_3$(LSMO) heterostructures grown on (001)-oriented MgO by molecular beam epitaxy. Due to the large film-substrate lattice mismatch, strain relaxation is found to occur within the first 2-3 unit cells (uc) of the film as evidenced by reflection high energy electron diffraction and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray reciprocal space mapping. We find that the presence of the LSCO spacer and capping layers leads to ferromagnetism in ultra-thin LSMO layers with thicknesses on the order of 2 uc with the magnetic easy axis oriented in the film plane. Net magnetic moments of 1.4 and 2.4 $μ_B$/Mn are measured for [2 uc LSCO/ 2 uc LSMO] and [2 uc LSCO/ 4 uc LSMO] superlattices, respectively by SQUID magnetometry. The effective magnetic anisotropy of the relaxed [2 uc LSCO/ 4 uc LSMO] heterostructure is found to be an order of magnitude higher than bulk LSMO highlighting the critical role of interfacial magnetic exchange interactions in tuning magnetic anisotropy at complex oxide interfaces.
Theory of Brillouin Light Scattering from Ferromagnetic Nanospheres
Creators: name: Chu, Ping
name: Mills, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the theory of Brillouin light scattering (BLS) from spin wave modes in ferromagnetic nanospheres, within a framework that incorporates the spatial variation of the optical fields within the sphere. Our recent theory of exchange dipole spin wave modes of the sphere provides us with eigenvectors. When properly normalized, these eigenvectors allow calculation of the absolute cross section of various modes which contribute to BLS spectrum. We then present explicit calculation of the BLS spectrum associated with the first few dipole/exchange spin wave modes with emphasis on their relative intensity.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRB
Accelerating high-throughput virtual screening through molecular pool-based active learning
Creators: name: Graff, David E.
name: Shakhnovich, Eugene I.
name: Coley, Connor W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Structure-based virtual screening is an important tool in early stage drug discovery that scores the interactions between a target protein and candidate ligands. As virtual libraries continue to grow (in excess of $10^8$ molecules), so too do the resources necessary to conduct exhaustive virtual screening campaigns on these libraries. However, Bayesian optimization techniques can aid in their exploration: a surrogate structure-property relationship model trained on the predicted affinities of a subset of the library can be applied to the remaining library members, allowing the least promising compounds to be excluded from evaluation. In this study, we assess various surrogate model architectures, acquisition functions, and acquisition batch sizes as applied to several protein-ligand docking datasets and observe significant reductions in computational costs, even when using a greedy acquisition strategy; for example, 87.9% of the top-50000 ligands can be found after testing only 2.4% of a 100M member library. Such model-guided searches mitigate the increasing computational costs of screening increasingly large virtual libraries and can accelerate high-throughput virtual screening campaigns with applications beyond docking.
Spectral determinant of the two-photon quantum Rabi model
Creators: name: Braak, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The various generalized spectral determinants (G-functions) of the two-photon quantum Rabi model are analyzed with emphasis on the qualitative aspects of the regular spectrum. Whereas all of them yield at least a subset of the exact regular eigenvalues, only the G-function proposed by Chen et al. in 2012 exhibits an explicitly known pole structure which dictates the approach to the collapse point. We derive this function rigorously employing the $\mathbb{Z}_4$-symmetry of the model and show that its zeros correspond to the complete regular spectrum.
description: Section 2.2 of the published version corrected (correction has been sent to Publisher)
No GPU? No problem: an ultra fast 3D detection of road users with a simple proposal generator and energy-based out-of-distribution PointNets
Creators: name: Seppänen, Alvari
name: Alamikkotervo, Eerik
name: Ojala, Risto
name: Dario, Giacomo
name: Tammi, Kari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel architecture for point cloud road user detection, which is based on a classical point cloud proposal generator approach, that utilizes simple geometrical rules. New methods are coupled with this technique to achieve extremely small computational requirement, and mAP that is comparable to the state-of-the-art. The idea is to specifically exploit geometrical rules in hopes of faster performance. The typical downsides of this approach, e.g. global context loss, are tackled in this paper, and solutions are presented. This approach allows real-time performance on a single core CPU, which is not the case with end-to-end solutions presented in the state-of-the-art. We have evaluated the performance of the method with the public KITTI dataset, and with our own annotated dataset collected with a small mobile robot platform. Moreover, we also present a novel ground segmentation method, which is evaluated with the public SemanticKITTI dataset.
Thread extraction for polyadic instruction sequences
Creators: name: Bergstra, J. A.
name: Middelburg, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.1; D.3.3; F.1.1; F.3.2; F.3.3

description: In this paper, we study the phenomenon that instruction sequences are split into fragments which somehow produce a joint behaviour. In order to bring this phenomenon better into the picture, we formalize a simple mechanism by which several instruction sequence fragments can produce a joint behaviour. We also show that, even in the case of this simple mechanism, it is a non-trivial matter to explain by means of a translation into a single instruction sequence what takes place on execution of a collection of instruction sequence fragments.
description: 21 pages; error corrected; presentation improved
Equivariant Heegaard genus of reducible 3-manifolds
Creators: name: Taylor, Scott A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The equivariant Heegaard genus of a 3-manifold $M$ with the action of a finite group $G$ of diffeomorphisms is the smallest genus of an equivariant Heegaard splitting for $M$. Although a Heegaard splitting of a reducible manifold is reducible and although if $M$ is reducible, there is an equivariant essential sphere, we show that equivariant Heegaard genus may be super-additive, additive, or sub-additive under equivariant connected sum. Using a thin position theory for 3-dimensional orbifolds, we establish sharp bounds on the equivariant Heegaard genus of reducible manifolds, similar to those known for tunnel number.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by Math. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc
Rapid Shear Capacity Prediction of TRM-Strengthened Unreinforced Masonry Walls through Interpretable Machine Learning using a Web App
Creators: name: Lazaridis, Petros
name: Thomoglou, Athanasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The presented study aims to provide an efficient and reliable tool for rapid estimation of the shear capacity of a TRM-strengthened masonry wall. For this purpose, a data-driven methodology based on a machine learning system is proposed using a dataset constituted of experimental results selected from the bibliography. The outlier points were detected using Cook's distance methodology and removed from the raw dataset, which consisted of 113 examples and 11 input variables. In the processed dataset, 17 Machine Learning methods were trained, optimized through hyperparameter tuning, and compared on the test set. The most effective models are combined into a voting model to leverage the predictive capacity of more than a single regressor. The final blended model shows remarkable predicting capacity with the determination factor ($R^2$) equal to 0.95 and the mean absolute percentage error equal to 8.03\%. In sequence, machine learning interpretation methods are applied to find how the predictors influence the target output. $A_m$, $f_t$, and $n\cdot t_f$ were identified as the most significant predictors with a mainly positive influence on the shear capacity. Finally, the built ML system is employed in a user-friendly web app for easy access and usage by professionals and researchers.
Short-distance contribution to the spectrum of Hawking radiation
Creators: name: Agullo, I.
name: Navarro-Salas, J.
name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
name: Parker, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hawking effect can be rederived in terms of two-point functions and in such a way that it makes it possible to estimate, within the conventional semiclassical theory, the contribution of ultrashort distances to the Planckian spectrum. For Schwarzschild black holes of three solar masses the analysis shows that Hawking radiation is very robust up to frequencies of 96 T_H or 270 T_H for bosons and fermions, respectively. For primordial black holes (with masses around 10^{15} g) these frequencies turn out to be of order 52T_H and 142 T_H. Only at these frequencies and above do we find that the contribution of Planck distances is of order of the total spectrum itself. Below this scale, the contribution of ultrashort distances to the spectrum is negligible. This suggests that only above these frequencies could an underlying quantum theory of gravity potentially predict significant deviations from Hawking's semiclassical result.
description: 30 pages, new section added to match published version
Spatial distribution of Podocnemis expansa nests in the Brazilian Amazon and their level of vulnerability to climate change
Creators: name: Eisemberg, Carla Camilo
name: Balestra, Rafael Antônio Machado
name: Famelli, Shirley
name: Pereira, Fernanda Freda
name: Vogt, Richard Carl
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: In the Brazilian Amazon protected areas, where harvest is controlled, the major challenge for the survivorship of Podocnemis  hatchlings is the premature rise of the river water levels. A change in the rain and flood patterns due to climate change can negatively impact the production of hatchlings. The aim of this study was to map and compare P. expansa nesting beaches and nesting areas within the beaches in the REBIO Trombetas in relation to their height above the river level and test the effect of different inundation scenarios on nest mortality in 2014. According to a Two-Way Anova, there was an effect of the nesting beaches, F(1, 1705) = 117.97, p < 0.001, indicating that the sampled points in the Jacaré beach (highest incidence of nests) were significantly higher than those from the Farias beach (lower incidence of nests). There was also an effect of nesting sites, F(1, 1705) = 146.24, p < 0.001, showing that nesting areas within beaches are significantly higher than non-nesting areas. We did not find a significant interaction between nesting beaches and nesting areas, F(1, 1705) = 0.22, p = 0.64. Since the beginning of the 80’s, the Jacaré beach has been the main nesting site for P. expansa. In 2014, this beach presented the largest total area (0.774 km2) and the highest sampled points and nesting areas in relation to the water level. According to the inundation scenarios tested in this study, nests located in the highest points of Jacaré beach would be the only ones capable to survive a water level rise of more than two meters. Therefore, this beach is probably the most suitable habitat for P. expansa nesting in the REBIO Trombetas. The results found in this study have the potential to help future turtle management programs in the Amazon.
MOMDIS: a Glauber model computer code for knockout reactions
Creators: name: Bertulani, C. A.
name: Gade, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A computer program is described to calculate momentum distributions in stripping and diffraction dissociation reactions. A Glauber model is used with the scattering wavefunctions calculated in the eikonal approximation. The program is appropriate for knockout reactions at intermediate energy collisions (30 MeV $\leq$ E$_{lab}/$nucleon $\leq 2000$ MeV). It is particularly useful for reactions involving unstable nuclear beams, or exotic nuclei (e.g. neutron-rich nuclei), and studies of single-particle occupancy probabilities (spectroscopic factors) and other related physical observables. Such studies are an essential part of the scientific program of radioactive beam facilities, as in for instance the proposed RIA (Rare Isotope Accelerator) facility in the US.
description: 22 pages. Accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communications. Code available from CPC web site
Single particle multipole expansions from Micromagnetic Tomography
Creators: name: Cortés-Ortuño, David
name: Fabian, Karl
name: de Groot, Lennart V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Micromagnetic tomography aims at reconstructing large numbers of individual magnetizations of magnetic particles from combining high-resolution magnetic scanning techniques with micro X-ray computed tomography (microCT). Previous work demonstrated that dipole moments can be robustly inferred, and mathematical analysis showed that the potential field of each particle is uniquely determined. Here, we describe a mathematical procedure to recover higher orders of the magnetic potential of the individual magnetic particles in terms of their spherical harmonic expansions (SHE). We test this approach on data from scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy and microCT of a reference sample. For particles with high signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetic scan we demonstrate that SHE up to order $n=3$ can be robustly recovered. This additional level of detail restricts the possible internal magnetization structures of the particles and provides valuable rock magnetic information with respect to their stability and reliability as paleomagnetic remanence carriers. Micromagnetic tomography therefore enables a new approach for detailed rock magnetic studies on large ensembles of individual particles.
description: 21 pages, 4 Figures, 3 Tables. For Supplemental Material see "Ancillary files" in this arxiv website
Kramer-Pesch approximation for analyzing field-angle-resolved measurements made in unconventional superconductors: A calculation of the zero-energy density of states
Creators: name: Nagai, Yuki
name: Hayashi, Nobuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By measuring angular-oscillation behavior of the heat capacity with respect to the applied field direction, one can detect the details of the gap structure. We introduce the Kramer-Pesch approximation (KPA) as a new method to analyze the field-angle-dependent experiments quantitatively. We calculate the zero energy density of states for various combinations of typical Fermi surfaces and superconducting gaps. The KPA yields a merit that one can quantitatively compare theoretical calculations with experimental results without involving heavy numerical computations, even for complicated Fermi surfaces. We show an inadequacy of the frequently-used Doppler-shift technique, which is remedied by application of the KPA.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Resolving the Galactic X-ray background
Creators: name: Revnivtsev, M.
name: Vikhlinin, A.
name: Sazonov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use Chandra deep observations of the Galactic Center (GC) region to improve the constraints on the unresolved fraction of the Galactic X-ray background (also known as the Galactic ridge X-ray emission). We emphasize the importance of correcting the measured source counts at low fluxes for bias associated with Poisson noise. We find that at distances of 2'-4' from Sgr A* at least ~40% of the total X-ray emission in the energy band 4-8 keV originates from point sources with luminosities L(2-10 keV)> 10^{31} erg/sec. From a comparison of the source number-flux function in the GC region with the known luminosity function of faint X-ray sources in the Solar vicinity, we infer that Chandra has already resolved a large fraction of the cumulative contribution of cataclysmic variables to the total X-ray flux from the GC region. This comparison further indicates that most of the yet unresolved ~60% of the X-ray flux from the GC region is likely produced by weak cataclysmic variables and coronally active stars with L(2-10 keV)<10^{31} erg/sec. We conclude that the bulk of the Galactic X-ray background is produced by discrete sources.
description: Submitted to A&A
Half the race : a history of Australian women in sport
Creators: name: Stell, Marion K
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Women athletes HistoryAustralia
subject: Sports HistoryAustralia
subject: Sports for women HistoryAustralia
subject: Women Social conditionsAustralia

description: Australian women's success in international sport has been nothing short of astonishing when you consider the encouragement, resources, facilities and sponsorship directed elsewhere. Women have won the most prestigious titles in the world, including Wimbledon, the USA Open Golf Championship and the British Squash Championship. Women's teams have been the world champions in netball, hockey, cricket, softball, lacrosse and waterpolo. Australian women's names have been etched in the record books of sport throughout the world. At the Commonwealth and Olympic Games generations of Australian women have crowded the victory dais. Over the years 940 women have represented their country at all the Games, winning an incredible 425 medals — 163 of them gold medals. But after the golden girl hype has died down and the gold dust has settled, women's sport is ultimately awarded a bronze medal in our national identity, a cultural third place behind sportsmen and racehorses.
Fairness in Multiuser Systems with Polymatroid Capacity Region
Creators: name: Maddah-Ali, Mohammad A.
name: Mobasher, Amin
name: Khandani, Amir Kayvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: For a wide class of multi-user systems, a subset of capacity region which includes the corner points and the sum-capacity facet has a special structure known as polymatroid. Multiaccess channels with fixed input distributions and multiple-antenna broadcast channels are examples of such systems. Any interior point of the sum-capacity facet can be achieved by time-sharing among corner points or by an alternative method known as rate-splitting. The main purpose of this paper is to find a point on the sum-capacity facet which satisfies a notion of fairness among active users. This problem is addressed in two cases: (i) where the complexity of achieving interior points is not feasible, and (ii) where the complexity of achieving interior points is feasible. For the first case, the corner point for which the minimum rate of the active users is maximized (max-min corner point) is desired for signaling. A simple greedy algorithm is introduced to find the optimum max-min corner point. For the second case, the polymatroid properties are exploited to locate a rate-vector on the sum-capacity facet which is optimally fair in the sense that the minimum rate among all users is maximized (max-min rate). In the case that the rate of some users can not increase further (attain the max-min value), the algorithm recursively maximizes the minimum rate among the rest of the users. It is shown that the problems of deriving the time-sharing coefficients or rate-spitting scheme can be solved by decomposing the problem to some lower-dimensional subproblems. In addition, a fast algorithm to compute the time-sharing coefficients to attain a general point on the sum-capacity facet is proposed.
description: Submitted To IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, June 2006
A comparison of Likert and Q-sort scaling techniques in the assessment of personality
Creators: name: Hanson, Carrie Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study involved a comparison of two scaling techniques commonly used in the area of personality assessment: the Likert scale, which is a normative, free response technique, and the Q-sort, which is an ipsative, forced-choice technique. Comparisons were made in three major areas. Firstly, the internal consistencies of scales were compared across the two formats. Secondly, the distribution of participants' responses were examined in the two formats. Finally the factor structures of measures in Likert and Q-sort format were compared. Participants were 130 students (92 women and 38 men). Mean age of subjects was 19. Three measures were used: the California Q-set (CAQ), the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO), and the Interpersonal Adjective Scales (IAS). The C A Q is a 100-item Q-sort measure derived by clinicians to capture the full range of personality traits. The NEO and IAS are empirically derived, well-validated personality scales. The NEO is a 60-item measure of the Five-Factor Model, and the IAS is a 64-ilem measure of the interpersonal domain of Dominance and Love. All three measures were administered both in Likert and Q-sort format. Participation was spread over two sessions, separated by approximately three weeks, with either Likert or Q-sort format given in each session. Results suggest several differences between the two scaling techniques. Internal consistencies were higher for Likert versions of all three measures. Distribution of responses for Likert measures departed substantially from the forced nature of the Q-sort. In terms of factor structure, a clear structure was obtained for the IAS and NEO in both Likert and Q-sort formats. A moderately clear structure was obtained for C A Q in Likert format. The structure of the C A Q in Q-sort format was found to be quite ambiguous. Across all three measures Likert solutions were found to account for a greater percentage of variance. Implications for the application of these two scaling techniques are discussed.
Unifying methods for optimal control in non-Markovian quantum systems via process tensors
Creators: name: Ortega-Taberner, Carlos
name: O'Neill, Eoin
name: Butler, Eoin
name: Fux, Gerald E.
name: Eastham, P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large dimensionality of environments is the limiting factor in applying optimal control to open quantum systems beyond Markovian approximations. Multiple methods exist to simulate non-Markovian open systems which effectively reduce the environment to a number of active degrees of freedom. Here we show that several of these methods can be expressed in terms of a process tensor in the form of a matrix-product-operator, which serves as a unifying framework to show how they can be used in optimal control, and to compare their performance. The matrix-product-operator form provides a general scheme for computing gradients using back propagation, and allows the efficiency of the different methods to be compared via the bond dimensions of their respective process tensors.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
D7.2 Marketplace – Implementation
Creators: name: Ďurčo, Matej
name: Barbot, Laure
name: Illmayer, Klaus
name: Sotiris Karampatakis
name: Fischer, Frank
name: Moranville, Yoann
name: Ocansey, Joshua Tetteh
name: Probst, Stefan
name: Michał Kozak
name: Buddenbohm, Stefan
name: Seung-Bin Yim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Executive Summary This document delivers the results of Task 7.2 “Development of the Marketplace application” of the Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud (SSHOC) project funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement #823782. Its main purpose is to describe the actual implementation of the SSH Open Marketplace application on the background of the system specification (delivered in 2019 as D7.1 System Specification - SSH Open Marketplace). The SSH Open Marketplace is a discovery portal which pools and contextualises resources for Social Sciences and Humanities research communities: tools, services, training materials, datasets and workflows. The Marketplace highlights and showcases solutions and research practices for every step of the SSH research data life cycle. Based on an agile methodology and an iterative process of releases, the implementation of the SSH Open Marketplace is carefully described here, and this deliverable represents a companion to the final release of the application (in December 2021). Three other complementary WP7 deliverables published between September and December 2021 are also documenting and supporting the final release: D7.3 Marketplace Interoperability; D7.4 Marketplace Data population & curation and D7.5 Marketplace Governance. Following the requirements engineering process and the first iterations of the data model and system architecture presented in the System Specification, this implementation report describes the methodology used to ensure the quality of the SSH Open Marketplace software, and presents the latest iteration of the data model and system architecture supported by the rationales for the implementation choices. Key components and features, as well as other aspects of the system like its configuration, deployment or its API are described giving a technical insight into the creation of this discovery portal. Embedded in the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) ecosystem, the SSH Open Marketplace has also been developed to contribute to the resources discoverability layer of the EOSC and to ensure, thanks to its user-friendly interface, an entry door to the EOSC for social scientists and humanists.
Class and rank of differential modules
Creators: name: Avramov, Luchezar L.
name: Buchweitz, Ragnar-Olaf
name: Iyengar, Srikanth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13Dxx (Primary); 16Exx, 55Uxx (Secondary)

description: A differential module is a module equipped with a square-zero endomorphism. This structure underpins complexes of modules over rings, as well as differential graded modules over graded rings. We establish lower bounds on the class--a substitute for the length of a free complex--and on the rank of a differential module in terms of invariants of its homology. These results specialize to basic theorems in commutative algebra and algebraic topology. One instance is a common generalization of the equicharacteristic case of the New Intersection Theorem of Hochster, Peskine, P. Roberts, and Szpiro, concerning complexes over noetherian commutative rings, and of a theorem of G. Carlsson on differential graded modules over graded polynomial rings.
description: 27 pages. Minor changes; mainly stylistic. To appear in Inventiones Mathematicae
Positive feedback and noise activate the stringent response regulator Rel in mycobacteria
Creators: name: Sureka, Kamakshi
name: Ghosh, Bhaswar
name: Dasgupta, Arunava
name: Basu, Joyoti
name: Kundu, Manikuntala
name: Bose, Indrani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Phenotypic heterogeneity in an isogenic, microbial population enables a subset of the population to persist under stress. In mycobacteria, stresses like nutrient and oxygen deprivation activate the stress response pathway involving the two-component system MprAB and the sigma factor, SigE. SigE in turn activates the expression of the stringent response regulator, rel. The enzyme polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) regulates this pathway by synthesizing polyphosphate required for the activation of MprB. The precise manner in which only a subpopulation of bacterial cells develops persistence, remains unknown. Rel is required for mycobacterial persistence. Here we show that the distribution of rel expression levels in a growing population of mycobacteria is bimodal with two distinct peaks corresponding to low (L) and high (H) expression states, and further establish that a positive feedback loop involving the mprAB operon along with stochastic gene expression are responsible for the phenotypic heterogeneity. Combining single cell analysis by flow cytometry with theoretical modeling, we observe that during growth, noise-driven transitions take a subpopulation of cells from the L to the H state within a "window of opportunity" in time preceding the stationary phase. We find evidence of hysteresis in the expression of rel in response to changing concentrations of PPK1. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence that bistability and stochastic gene expression could be important for the development of "heterogeneity with an advantage" in mycobacteria.
description: Accepted for publication in PLoS One
Full control of qubit rotations in a voltage-biased superconducting flux qubit
Creators: name: Chirolli, Luca
name: Burkard, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a voltage-controlled version of the superconducting flux qubit [Chiorescu et al., Science 299, 1869 (2003)] and show that full control of qubit rotations on the entire Bloch sphere can be achieved. Circuit graph theory is used to study a setup where voltage sources are attached to the two superconducting islands formed between the three Josephson junctions in the flux qubit. Applying a voltage allows qubit rotations about the y axis, in addition to pure x and z rotations obtained in the absence of applied voltages. The orientation and magnitude of the rotation axis on the Bloch sphere can be tuned by the gate voltages, the external magnetic flux, and the ratio alpha between the Josephson energies via a flux-tunable junction. We compare the single-qubit control in the known regime alpha<1 with the unexplored range alpha>1 and estimate the decoherence due to voltage fluctuations.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 table