cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Equivalence of cosmological observables in conformally related scalar tensor theories
Creators: name: Rondeau, François
name: Li, Baojiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar tensor theories can be expressed in different frames, such as the commonly-used Einstein and Jordan frames, and it is generally accepted that cosmological observables are the same in these frames. We revisit this by making a detailed side-by-side comparison of the quantities and equations in two conformally related frames, from the actions and fully covariant field equations to the linearised equations in both real and Fourier spaces. This confirms that the field and conservation equations are equivalent in the two frames, in the sense that we can always re-express equations in one frame using relevant transformations of variables to derive the corresponding equations in the other. We show, with both analytical derivation and a numerical example, that the line-of-sight integration to calculate CMB temperature anisotropies can be done using either Einstein frame or Jordan frame quantities, and the results are identical, provided the correct redshift is used in the Einstein frame ($1+z\neq1/a$).
description: 25 pages, 1 figure
Evidence from interventions designed to improve livelihoods’ outcomes for youth ages 15-24 in refugee or refugee-like settings: a Rapid Review Protocol
Creators: name: Brown, Elizabeth
name: Romão, Davi
name: Soliman, Farida
name: Stillman, Sarah
name: Katairo, Thomas
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Policy
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: asylum-seekers
subject: forced migrants
subject: income
subject: jobs
subject: livelihoods
subject: refugees
subject: ultra-poor
subject: youth

description: The objectives of this rapid review are to review and map existing evidence of the impacts, costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions designed to improve youth livelihoods for refugees and people affected by forced displacement. The review additionally seeks to identify key limitations and gaps in the current research literature. In particular, we aim to answer the following three questions: 1) What evidence exists regarding the effectiveness of interventions in improving youth sustainable livelihoods? 2) What is the cost and cost-effectiveness of interventions designed to improve youth sustainable livelihoods? 3) What are the evidence gaps evident in the research literature? In particular, what innovative and scalable approaches to youth sustainable livelihoods have yet to be evaluated?
Standards for Official Statistics on Climate-Health Interactions (SOSCHI): Mortality attributed to non-optimal temperature: metadata
Creators: name: Watkins, Ellie
name: Hunt, Claire
name: Semple, Layli
name: Flower, Gillian
name: Lewis, Bonnie
name: Ingole, Vijendra
name: Glickman, Myer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Methodology
Heat and cold
Environmental sciences
Public health
Epidemiology
Statistics and probability

description: Climate change is altering global temperature trends. Increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of temperature extremes in many countries. Extreme hot and cold temperatures can cause or exacerbate a range of illnesses through varied physiological mechanisms. This topic area aims to quantify the health impacts attributable to temperature variation, using a time-series approach.  

The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) topic exists as a separate topic within the alpha phase of the SOSCHI project. However, during the beta phase, NCDs will be combined with the heat and cold topic due to the similarities in methodological approaches. 

This is the Metadata document for indicator: Mortality attributed to non-optimal temperature.
Coupled kinetic equations for quarks and gluons in the relaxation time approximation
Creators: name: Florkowski, Wojciech
name: Maksymiuk, Ewa
name: Ryblewski, Radoslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinetic equations for quarks and gluons are solved numerically in the relaxation time approximation for the case of one-dimensional boost-invariant geometry. Quarks are massive and described by the Fermi-Dirac statistics, while gluons are massless and obey Bose-Einstein statistics. The conservation laws for the baryon number, energy, and momentum lead to two Landau matching conditions which specify the coupling between the quark and gluon sectors and determine the proper-time dependence of the effective temperature and baryon chemical potential of the system. The numerical results illustrate how a non-equlibrium mixture of quarks and gluons approaches hydrodynamic regime described by the Navier-Stokes equations with appropriate forms of the kinetic coefficients. The shear viscosity of a mixture is the sum of the shear viscosities of quark and gluon components, while the bulk viscosity is given by the formula known for a gas of quarks, however, with the thermodynamic variables characterising the mixture. Thus, we find that massless gluons contribute in a non-trivial way to the bulk viscosity of a mixture, provided quarks are massive. We further observe the hydrodynamization effect which takes place earlier in the shear sector than in the bulk one. The numerical studies of the ratio of the longitudinal and transverse pressures show, to a good approximation, that it depends on the ratio of the relaxation and proper times only. This behaviour is connected with the existence of an attractor solution for conformal systems.
description: 52 pages
Theory of helical spin crystals: phases, textures and properties
Creators: name: Binz, B.
name: Vishwanath, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments on the itinerant helimagnet MnSi, we study general properties of helical spin crystals - magnetic structures obtained by superposing distinct spin spirals. An effective Landau description of helical spin crystals is introduced and simple rules for stabilizing various spin crystal structures over single spirals are established. Curious properties of the magnetic structures so obtained, such as symmetry stabilized topological textures and missing Bragg reflections are pointed out. The response of helical spin crystals to crystalline anisotropy, magnetic field and non-magnetic disorder are studied, with special reference to the bcc1 spin structure, a promising starting point for discussing the 'partial order' phases seen at high pressure in MnSi. Similar approaches may be applied to other crystallization problems such as Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrel states in spin-imbalanced superconductors.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; typos corrected and references added; sign- and numerical errors corrected
The Master Field of QCD$_2$ and the 'T Hooft Equation
Creators: name: Cavicchi, M.
name: Di Vecchia, P.
name: Pesando, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We rewrite the action for $QCD_2$ in the light cone gauge only in terms of a bilocal mesonic field. In this formalism the $1/N$ expansion can be done in a straightforward way by a saddle point technique that determines the master field to be identified with the vacuum expectation value of the bilocal field. Finally we show that the equation of motion for the fluctuations around the master field is identical with the 't Hooft meson equation.
description: 7 pages, Latex, NORDITA-93-41
Standards for Official Statistics on Climate-Health Interactions (SOSCHI): Mortality attributed to non-optimal temperature: methodology
Creators: name: Watkins, Ellie
name: Hunt, Claire
name: Flower, Gillian
name: Semple, Layli
name: Lewis, Bonnie
name: Ingole, Vijendra
name: Glickman, Myer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Methodology
Heat and cold
Environmental sciences
Public health
Epidemiology
Statistics and probability

description: Climate change is altering global temperature trends. Increasing the frequency, intensity, and duration of temperature extremes in many countries. Extreme hot and cold temperatures can cause or exacerbate a range of illnesses through varied physiological mechanisms. This topic area aims to quantify the health impacts attributable to temperature variation, using a time-series approach.  

The non-communicable diseases (NCDs) topic exists as a separate topic within the alpha phase of the SOSCHI project. However, during the beta phase, NCDs will be combined with the heat and cold topic due to the similarities in methodological approaches. 

This is the Methodology document for indicator: Mortality attributed to non-optimal temperature.
Mode coupling control in a resonant device: application to solid-state ring lasers
Creators: name: Schwartz, Sylvain
name: Feugnet, Gilles
name: Bouyer, Philippe
name: Lariontsev, Evguenii
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Pocholle, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical and experimental investigation of the effects of mode coupling in a resonant macro- scopic quantum device is achieved in the case of a ring laser. In particular, we show both analytically and experimentally that such a device can be used as a rotation sensor provided the effects of mode coupling are controlled, for example through the use of an additional coupling. A possible general- ization of this example to the case of another resonant macroscopic quantum device is discussed.
Study on the Effect of Different Application Techniques on Nanohybrid Composite Restorations Clinical Success
Creators: name: Al-Sheikh, Rasha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Clinical evaluation
nanohybrid resin composite
placement technique

description: Dental composites have been used as a restorative material for a long time. However, they have their limitations. This study evaluated the effect of placement techniques on clinical performance of class I composite resin restorations. A total of 40 patients with split-mouth design participated in this study. Each patient had two fillings according to the placement technique (either bulk or incremental packing) of the composite resin restorations. Group (A): Was packed by Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill composite resin and Group (B): Was incrementally packed with Tetric EvoCeram composite resin. Restorations of the teeth were evaluated on the same day, one week, 3 months and 6 months to determine any signs of failure according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. At different follow-up periods, the results showed no significant differences for retention, marginal integrity, surface stain, gingival bleeding, and secondary caries and there were significant differences for color match, surface texture, and postoperative sensitivity. This study concluded that the nanohybrid composite resins demonstrated excellent clinical performance for 6 months follow up period.
On the Design of LQR Kernels for Efficient Controller Learning
Creators: name: Marco, Alonso
name: Hennig, Philipp
name: Schaal, Stefan
name: Trimpe, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Finding optimal feedback controllers for nonlinear dynamic systems from data is hard. Recently, Bayesian optimization (BO) has been proposed as a powerful framework for direct controller tuning from experimental trials. For selecting the next query point and finding the global optimum, BO relies on a probabilistic description of the latent objective function, typically a Gaussian process (GP). As is shown herein, GPs with a common kernel choice can, however, lead to poor learning outcomes on standard quadratic control problems. For a first-order system, we construct two kernels that specifically leverage the structure of the well-known Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), yet retain the flexibility of Bayesian nonparametric learning. Simulations of uncertain linear and nonlinear systems demonstrate that the LQR kernels yield superior learning performance.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in 56th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2017)
Position determination and strong field parallax effects for photon emitters in the Schwarzschild spacetime
Creators: name: Bini, Donato
name: Geralico, Andrea
name: Jantzen, Robert T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Position determination of photon emitters and associated strong field parallax effects are investigated using relativistic optics when the photon orbits are confined to the equatorial plane of the Schwarzschild spacetime. We assume the emitter is at a fixed space position and the receiver moves along a circular geodesic orbit. This study requires solving the inverse problem of determining the (spatial) intersection point of two null geodesic initial data problems, serving as a simplified model for applications in relativistic astrometry as well as in radar and satellite communications.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, GRG macros
Photoassisted physical vapor epitaxial growth of semiconductors: a review of light-induced modifications to growth processes
Creators: name: Alberi, Kirstin
name: Scarpulla, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herein we review the remarkable range of modifications to materials properties associated with photoexcitation of the growth surface during physical vapor epitaxy of semiconductors. We concentrate on mechanisms producing measureable, utilizable changes in crystalline perfection, phase, composition, doping, and defect distribution. We outline the relevant physics of different mechanisms, concentrating on those yielding effects orthogonal to the primary growth variables of temperature and atomic or molecular fluxes and document the phenomenological effects reported. Based on experimental observations from a range of semiconductor systems and growth conditions, the primary effects include enhanced anion desorption, molecular dissociation, increased doping efficiency, modification to defect populations and improvements to the crystalline quality of epilayers grown at low temperatures. Future research directions and technological applications are also discussed.
The quest for seafloor macrolitter: a critical review of background knowledge, current methods and future prospects.
Creators: name: Canals, Miquel
name: Pham, Christopher K.
name: Bergmann, Melanie
name: Gutow, Lars
name: Hanke, Georg
name: Van Sebille, Erik
name: Angiolillo, Michela
name: Buhl-Mortensen, Lene
name: Cau, Alessando
name: Ioakeimidis, Christos
name: Kammann, Ulrike
name: Lundsten, Lonny
name: Papatheodorou, George
name: Purser, Autun
name: Sanchez-Vidal, Anna
name: Schulz, Marcus
name: Vinci, Matteo
name: Chiba, Sanae
name: Galgani, François
name: Langenkämper, Daniel
name: Möller, Tiia
name: Nattkemper, Tim W.
name: Ruiz, Marta
name: Suikkanen, Sanna
name: Woodall, Lucy
name: Fakiris, Elias
name: Molina Jack, Maria Eugenia
name: Giorgetti, Alessandra
Publisher: name: UNESCO/IOC
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Marine litter
subject: Marine plastics
subject: Marine debris
subject: Plastic litter
subject: Macroplastics
subject: Anthropogenic contamination

description: The seafloor covers some 70% of the Earth’s surface and has been recognised as a major sink for marine litter. Still, litter on the seafloor is the least investigated fraction of marine litter, which is not surprising as most of it lies in the deep sea, i.e. the least explored ecosystem. Although marine litter is considered a major threat for the oceans, monitoring frameworks are still being set up. This paper reviews current knowledge and methods, identifies existing needs, and points to future developments that are required to address the estimation of seafloor macrolitter. It provides background knowledge and conveys the views and thoughts of scientific experts on seafloor marine litter offering a review of monitoring and ocean modelling techniques. Knowledge gaps that need to be tackled, data needs for modelling, and data comparability and harmonisation are also discussed. In addition, it shows how research on seafloor macrolitter can inform international protection and conservation frameworks to prioritise efforts and measures against marine litter and its deleterious impacts.
Spin Liquid States on the Triangular and Kagome Lattices: A Projective Symmetry Group Analysis of Schwinger Boson States
Creators: name: Wang, Fa
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A symmetry based analysis (Projective Symmetry Group) is used to study spin liquid phases on the triangular and Kagomé lattices in the Schwinger boson framework. A maximum of eight distinct $Z_2$ spin liquid states are found for each lattice, which preserve all symmetries. Out of these only a few have nonvanishing nearest neighbor amplitudes which are studied in greater detail. On the triangular lattice, only two such states are present - the first (zero-flux state) is the well known state introduced by Sachdev, which on condensation of spinons leads to the 120 degree ordered state. The other solution which we call the $π$-flux state has not previously been discussed. Spinon condensation leads to an ordering wavevector at the Brillouin zone edge centers, in contrast to the 120 degree state. While the zero-flux state is more stable with just nearest-neighbor exchange, we find that the introduction of either next-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange or four spin ring-exchange (of the sign obtained from a Hubbard model) tends to favor the $π$-flux state. On the Kagomé lattice four solutions are obtained - two have been previously discussed by Sachdev, which on spinon condensation give rise to the $q=0$ and $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ spin ordered states. In addition we find two new states with significantly larger values of the quantum parameter at which magnetic ordering occurs. For one of them this even exceeds unity, $κ_c\approx 2.0$ in a nearest neighbor model, indicating that if stabilized, could remain spin disordered for physical values of the spin. This state is also stabilized by ring exchange interactions with signs as derived from the Hubbard model.
description: revised, 21 pages, 19 figures, RevTex 4, corrected references, added 4 references, accepted by Phys.Rev.B
Flocking from a quantum analogy: Spin-orbit coupling in an active fluid
Creators: name: Loewe, Benjamin
name: Souslov, Anton
name: Goldbart, Paul M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems composed of strongly interacting self-propelled particles can form a spontaneously flowing polar active fluid. The study of the connection between the microscopic dynamics of a single such particle and the macroscopic dynamics of the fluid can yield insights into experimentally realizable active flows, but this connection is well understood in only a few select cases. We introduce a model of self-propelled particles based on an analogy with the motion of electrons that have strong spin-orbit coupling. We find that, within our model, self-propelled particles are subject to an analog of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that relates translational and rotational noise. Furthermore, by coarse-graining this microscopic model, we establish expressions for the coefficients of the Toner-Tu equations---the hydrodynamic equations that describe an active fluid composed of these "active spins." The connection between self-propelled particles and quantum spins may help realize exotic phases of matter using active fluids via analogies with systems composed of strongly correlated electrons.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
P vs NP
Creators: name: Vega, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Computer Science
subject: 10101 Algebra and Number Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? It is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute. This question was first mentioned in a letter written by John Nash to the National Security Agency in 1955. A precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently in 1971 by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. To attack the P versus NP question the concept of NP-completeness has been very useful. If any single NP-complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, then every NP problem has a polynomial time algorithm. MONOTONE 3SAT is a known NP-complete problem. We prove MONOTONE 3SAT is in P. In this way, we demonstrate the P versus NP problem.
Chandra Observations of Cygnus A: Magnetic Field Strengths in the Hot Spots of a Radio Galaxy
Creators: name: Wilson, A. S.
name: Young, A. J.
name: Shopbell, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report X-ray observations of the powerful radio galaxy Cygnus A with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. This letter focuses on the radio hot spots, all four of which are detected in X-rays with a very similar morphology to their radio structure. X-ray spectra have been obtained for the two brighter hot spots (A and D). Both are well described by a power law with photon index Γ= 1.8 \pm 0.2 absorbed by the Galactic column in the direction of Cygnus A. Thermal X-ray models require too high gas densities and may be ruled out. The images and spectra strongly support synchrotron self-Compton models of the X-ray emission, as proposed by Harris, Carilli & Perley on the basis of ROSAT imaging observations. Such models indicate that the magnetic field in each of the brighter hot spots is 1.5 \times 10^-4 gauss, with an uncertainty of a few tens of percent. This value is close to the equipartition field strengths assuming no protons are present. The possibility that the X-rays are synchrotron radiation is briefly discussed, but not favored. We speculate that production of the γ\sim 10^7 electrons necessary for X-ray synchrotron radiation from hot spots is inhibited when the external gas density is high, as is the case when the radio galaxy is within a cooling flow.
description: 14 pages, 5 figues (3 JPEG, 2 Postscript), accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (Letters)
Skewed distributions as limits of a formal evolutionary process
Creators: name: Sattin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time series of observables measured from complex systems do often exhibit non-normal statistics, their statistical distributions (PDF's) are not gaussian and often skewed, with roughly exponential tails. Departure from gaussianity is related to the intermittent development of large-scale coherent structures. The existence of these structures is rooted into the nonlinear dynamical equations obeyed by each system, therefore it is expected that some prior knowledge or guessing of these equations is needed if one wishes to infer the corresponding PDF; conversely, the empirical knowledge of the PDF does provide information about the underlying dynamics. In this work we suggest that it is not always necessary. We show how, under some assumptions, a formal evolution equation for the PDF $p(x)$ can be written down, corresponding to the progressive accumulation of measurements of the generic observable $x$. The limiting solution to this equation is computed analytically, and shown to interpolate between some of the most common distributions, Gamma, Beta and Gaussian PDF's. The control parameter is just the ratio between the rms of the fluctuations and the range of allowed values. Thus, no information about the dynamics is required.
P vs NP
Creators: name: Vega, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? It is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute to carry a 1,000,000 prize for the first correct solution. This question was first mentioned in a letter written by John Nash to the National Security Agency in 1955. A precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently in 1971 by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. Another major complexity class is Sharp-P. Whether P = Sharp-P is another fundamental question that it is as important as it is unresolved. If any single Sharp-P-complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, then every NP problem has a polynomial time algorithm. Given an undirected graph G=(V, E), Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is the problem of counting the amount of nonempty subsets from V such that each set is not a clique. We show the problem Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is Sharp-P-complete. We prove Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is in P. In this way, we demonstrate the P versus NP problem.
Magnetic properties of monoclinic lanthanide orthoborates, $Ln$BO$_3$, $Ln$ = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb
Creators: name: Mukherjee, P
name: Wu, Y
name: Lampronti, G I
name: Dutton, S E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lanthanide orthoborates, $Ln$BO$_3$, $Ln$ = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb crystallise in a monoclinic structure with the magnetic $Ln^{3+}$ forming an edge-sharing triangular lattice. The triangles are scalene, however all deviations from the ideal equilateral geometry are less than 1.5%. The bulk magnetic properties are studied using magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and isothermal magnetisation measurements. Heat capacity measurements show ordering features at $T \leq$ 2 K for $Ln$ = Gd, Tb, Dy, Er. No ordering is observed for YbBO$_3$ at $T \geq$ 0.4 K and HoBO$_3$ is proposed to have a non-magnetic singlet state. Isothermal magnetisation measurements indicate isotropic Gd$^{3+}$ spins and strong single-ion anisotropy for the other $Ln^{3+}$. The change in magnetic entropy has been evaluated to determine the magnetocaloric effect in these materials. GdBO$_3$ and DyBO$_3$ are found to be competitive magnetocaloric materials in the liquid helium temperature regime.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, 2 supplementary figures, accepted for publication in Materials Research Bulletin
Induced quantum numbers in the (2+1)-dimensional electron gas
Creators: name: Neagu, Adrian
name: Schakel, Adriaan M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gas of electrons confined to a plane is examined in both the relativistic and nonrelativistic case. Using a (0+1)-dimensional effective theory, a remarkably simple method is proposed to calculate the spin density induced by an uniform magnetic background field. The physical properties of possible fluxon excitations are determined. It is found that while in the relativistic case they can be considered as half-fermions (semions) in that they carry half a fermion charge and half the spin of a fermion, in the nonrelativistic case they should be thought of as fermions, having the charge and spin of a fermion.
description: 19 pages, REVTEX
P vs NP
Creators: name: Vega, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? It is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute. This question was first mentioned in a letter written by John Nash to the National Security Agency in 1955. A precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently in 1971 by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. Another major complexity class is Sharp-P. Whether P = Sharp-P is another fundamental question that it is as important as it is unresolved. If any single Sharp-P-complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, then every NP problem has a polynomial time algorithm. Given an undirected graph G=(V, E), Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is the problem of counting the amount of nonempty subsets from V such that each set is not a clique. We show the problem Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is Sharp-P-complete. We prove Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is in P. In this way, we demonstrate the P versus NP problem.
Barriers and opportunities of soil knowledge to address soil challenges.
Creators: name: Vanino, Silvia
name: Pirelli, Tiziana
name: Di Bene, Claudia
name: Boe, Frederik
name: Castanheira, Nadia
name: Chenu, Claire
name: Cornu, Sophie
name: Feiza, Virginijus
name: Fornara, Dario
name: Heller, Olivier
name: Kasparinskis, Raimonds
name: Keesstra, Saskia
name: Lasorella, Maria Valentina
name: Madenoglu, Sevinc
name: Meurer, Katharina
name: O'Sullivan, Lilian
name: Peter, Noemi
name: Piccini, Chiara
name: Siebielec, Grzegorz
name: Smreczak, Bozena
name: Hvarregaard Thorsoe, Martin
name: Farina, Roberta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Survey in 20 countries: 314 stakeholders.

Aim to identify important barriers and challenges currently affecting soil knowledge but also assess opportunities to overcome these obstacles.
P vs NP
Creators: name: Vega, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? This question was first mentioned in a letter written by John Nash to the National Security Agency in 1955. A precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently in 1971 by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. Another major complexity class is Sharp-P. Whether P = Sharp-P is another fundamental question that it is as important as it is unresolved. If any single Sharp-P-complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, then every NP problem has a polynomial time algorithm. Given an undirected graph G=(V, E), Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is the problem of counting the amount of nonempty subsets from V such that each set is not a clique. We show the problem Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is Sharp-P-complete. We prove Sharp-NON-CLIQUE is in P. In this way, we demonstrate the P versus NP problem.
Finite driving rate and anisotropy effects in landslide modeling
Creators: name: Piegari, E.
name: Cataudella, V.
name: Di Maio, R.
name: Milano, L.
name: Nicodemi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to characterize landslide frequency-size distributions and individuate hazard scenarios and their possible precursors, we investigate a cellular automaton where the effects of a finite driving rate and the anisotropy are taken into account. The model is able to reproduce observed features of landslide events, such as power-law distributions, as experimentally reported. We analyze the key role of the driving rate and show that, as it is increased, a crossover from power-law to non power-law behaviors occurs. Finally, a systematic investigation of the model on varying its anisotropy factors is performed and the full diagram of its dynamical behaviors is presented.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Gamma-Ray Bursts from Up-Scattered Self-Absorbed Synchrotron Emission
Creators: name: Panaitescu, A.
name: Meszaros, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the synchrotron self-Compton emission from internal shocks occurring in relativistic winds as a source of gamma-ray bursts, with allowance for self-absorption. For plausible model parameters most pulses within a Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) are optically thick to synchrotron self-absorption at the frequency at which most electrons radiate. Up-scattering of photon number spectra harder than $ν^0$ (such as the self-absorbed emission) yields inverse Compton photon number spectra that are flat, therefore our model has the potential of explaining the low-energy indices harder than $ν^{-2/3}$ (the optically thin synchrotron limit) that have been observed in some bursts. The optical counterparts of the model bursts are sufficiently bright to be detected by such experiments as LOTIS, unless the magnetic field is well below equipartition.
description: to be published in ApJL, 5 pages, 3 color figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux dit Cartularium Vetus (milieu XIIIe siècle) et Notices du XIIe siècle, Cart. 169 (11 H 63), f. 0058r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2011
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux dit Cartularium Vetus (milieu XIIIe siècle) et Notices du XIIe siècle, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 169 (11 H 63), f. 0058r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux dit Cartularium Vetus (milieu XIIIe siècle) et Notices du XIIe siècle, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 169 (11 H 63), f. 0058r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Dynamical scaling for probe particles in a driven fluid
Creators: name: Rákos, A.
name: Levine, E.
name: Mukamel, D.
name: Schütz, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two distinct universality classes for probe particles that move stochastically in a one-dimensional driven system. If the random force that drives the probe particles is fully generated by the current fluctuations of the driven fluid, such as when the probe particles are embedded in a ring, they inherit the dynamical exponent of the fluid, which generically is z=3/2. On the other hand, if the random force has a part that is temporally uncorrelated, the resulting motion can be described by a dynamical exponent z=2 as considered in previous work.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, v2: minor alterations, two paragraphs added. Published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, IOP Publishing Ltd. http://www.iop.org
Sea Level Anomaly Prediction using Recurrent Neural Networks
Creators: name: Braakmann-Folgmann, Anne
name: Roscher, Ribana
name: Wenzel, Susanne
name: Uebbing, Bernd
name: Kusche, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sea level change, one of the most dire impacts of anthropogenic global warming, will affect a large amount of the world's population. However, sea level change is not uniform in time and space, and the skill of conventional prediction methods is limited due to the ocean's internal variabi-lity on timescales from weeks to decades. Here we study the potential of neural network methods which have been used successfully in other applications, but rarely been applied for this task. We develop a combination of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a recurrent neural network (RNN) to ana-lyse both the spatial and the temporal evolution of sea level and to suggest an independent, accurate method to predict interannual sea level anomalies (SLA). We test our method for the northern and equatorial Pacific Ocean, using gridded altimeter-derived SLA data. We show that the used network designs outperform a simple regression and that adding a CNN improves the skill significantly. The predictions are stable over several years.
eNanoMapper solutions for FAIR sharing of nanosafety data
Creators: name: Willighagen, Egon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Research Data Management (RDM) need solutions that enable to make your data FAIR (findable, accessible, intereoperable, and reusable). The European Commission-funded FP7 project eNanoMapper developed such solutions for the NanoSafety Cluster, but the story of eNanoMapper did not end with the end of the funding.
title: ADCO, Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0269
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0269, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0269, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
DEP Bulletin:Volume 32 Issue 24
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2008

description: The DEP bulletin is a semi-monthly publication of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. It contains a list of construction permit applications recently filed or acted upon by the Department along with a calendar of events of interest, a schedule of public hearings, and Environmental Impact Statements acted upon during the period.
title: 4000-year history of debris flows in north-central Washington State, USA: preliminary results from trenching and surficial geologic mapping at the Pope Creek fan
Creators: name: Coe, Jeffrey A.
name: Bessette-Kirton, Erin K.
name: Slaughter, Stephen L.
name: Rengers, Francis K.
name: Contreras, Trevor A.
name: Mickelson, Katherine A.
name: Taylor, Emily M.
name: Kean, Jason W.
name: Jacobacci, Kara E.
name: Hanson, Molly A.
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2019
Subjects: debris flow
fan
magnitude
frequency
Washington State

description: Long-term records of the magnitude and frequency of debris flows on fans are rare, but such records provide critical information needed for debris-flow hazard and risk assessments. This study explores the history of debris flows on a fan with seasonally inhabited cabins at Pope Creek along the Entiat River about 48 km upstream from the town of Entiat, Washington. Motivation for this study was provided by the Duncan Fire, a wildfire which burned the Pope Creek basin in 2014 and resulted in debris flows and water-dominated floods on the fan between August 2014 and October 2016. We excavated and mapped seven 6-m long (2.4- m deep) trenches, mapped deposits on the surface of the fan, and constrained the ages of deposits using radiocarbon dating and the computer program OxCal. Preliminary results indicate that there have been at least 10 debris-flow events (DFEs) since 4000 cal yr BP. The mean recurrence interval between events was 433 +/-44 years, but intervals range from 724 to 20 years. The four most recent events have the shortest recurrence intervals. The largest event had an estimated sediment volume of 97,000 m3 and occurred at about 285 cal yr BP (1665 AD) during the Little Ice Age. The most recent debris-flow event that was triggered by rainstorms following the Duncan Fire was about 8x smaller than the largest event. These results may indicate that the largest DFE was triggered by an exceptional meteorological event that occurred during a cool, wet time, and that smaller DFEs were triggered by less exceptional meteorological events that occurred following wildfires.
Role of Anti-Mullerian Hormone as a Predictor of Ovarian Function in Assisted Reproductive Techniques: An Advance Study
Creators: name: Reddy, Alla Satanarayana
name: Arunagiri Ramasamy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: AMH
ART
ovarian reserve
clinical pregnancy

description: In order to prepare treatment schedules, prevent OHSS, and advise the couple, it is important to predict ovarian reserve and ART cycle performance. The aim of this study is to confirm the accuracy of AMH estimation as a predictor of a woman's fertility potential. This is a retrospective study of the effectiveness of multiple IVF/ICSI cycles on 100 women at an infertility centre, using the same protocols and procedures.AMH levels were found to be elevated in 20 people, low in 23 women, and average in 57 women. All women with a normal AMH had a good ovarian response; all women with a moderate AMH had a good ovarian response except one; and all women with a low AMH had a poor ovarian response. 128 cycles of IVF/ICSI were performed on hundred women, 184 embryo transfers were done with fresh and cryopreserved embryos, with clinical pregnancy in 49 women. In 57 women with normal AMH in 76 ART cycles, 123 embryo transfers, 39 clinical pregnancies occurred; in 20 women with high AMH in 28 ART cycles, 44 embryo transfers, 9 had clinical pregnancy; in 23 women with low AMH in 24 ART cycles, 17 embryo transfers, only one became pregnant. AMH can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for ovarian reaction and hyperstimulation in women with PCOS, and the stimulation protocol can be changed to avoid OHSS.
PROBE-GK: Predictive Robust Estimation using Generalized Kernels
Creators: name: Peretroukhin, Valentin
name: Vega-Brown, William
name: Roy, Nicholas
name: Kelly, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many algorithms in computer vision and robotics make strong assumptions about uncertainty, and rely on the validity of these assumptions to produce accurate and consistent state estimates. In practice, dynamic environments may degrade sensor performance in predictable ways that cannot be captured with static uncertainty parameters. In this paper, we employ fast nonparametric Bayesian inference techniques to more accurately model sensor uncertainty. By setting a prior on observation uncertainty, we derive a predictive robust estimator, and show how our model can be learned from sample images, both with and without knowledge of the motion used to generate the data. We validate our approach through Monte Carlo simulations, and report significant improvements in localization accuracy relative to a fixed noise model in several settings, including on synthetic data, the KITTI dataset, and our own experimental platform.
description: In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA'16), Stockholm, Sweden, May 16-21, 2016
title: Correspondance avec Jean-Michel Molina
Creators: name: Molina, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111133351226
description: created: start=2009-11-07;end=2009-11-27
P vs NP
Creators: name: Vega, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: P versus NP is considered as one of the most important open problems in computer science. This consists in knowing the answer of the following question: Is P equal to NP? It is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute. This question was first mentioned in a letter written by John Nash to the National Security Agency in 1955. A precise statement of the P versus NP problem was introduced independently in 1971 by Stephen Cook and Leonid Levin. Since that date, all efforts to find a proof for this problem have failed. To attack the P versus NP question the concept of NP-completeness has been very useful. If any single NP-complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, then every NP problem has a polynomial time algorithm. MONOTONE 3SAT is a known NP-complete problem. We prove MONOTONE 3SAT is in P. In this way, we demonstrate the P versus NP problem.
Effective Hamiltonians for some highly frustrated magnets
Creators: name: Bergman, Doron L.
name: Shindou, Ryuichi
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In prior work, the authors developed a method of degenerate perturbation theory about the Ising limit to derive an effective Hamiltonian describing quantum fluctuations in a half-polarized magnetization plateau on the pyrochlore lattice. Here, we extend this formulation to an arbitrary lattice of corner sharing simplexes of $q$ sites, at a fraction $(q-2k)/q$ of the saturation magnetization, with $0
description: 10 pages, 2 figures,. Conference proceedings for Highly Frustrated Magnetism 2006
A remark on the effect of random singular two-particle interactions
Creators: name: Kerner, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81V70, 81Q80, 81Q35, 81Q10, 81Q50, 81Q37,

description: In this note we study a two-particle bound system (molecule) moving on the positive half-line under the influence of randomly distributed singular two-particle interactions generated by a Poisson process. We give a rigorous definition of the underlying Hamiltonian and study its spectral properties. As a main result we prove that, with finite probability, the random interactions destroy the discrete part of the spectrum which is present in the free system. Most interestingly, this phenomenon is somewhat contrary to the role attributed to random interactions in the context of Anderson localisation where disorder is generally associated with a suppression of transport.