cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of sand layer on water and nitrogen movement in soil
Creators: name: Gin, Shelley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Most golf courses in North America are constructed according to specifications from the United States Golf Association. Within the specification, the thickness of the sand layer is recommended to be 20.3 to 25.4 cm (8 to 10 inches) to provide adequate drainage to the course. To maintain healthy turf grass, golf courses implement intensive irrigation and fertilization programs. Nitrogen and phosphorus are elements that are essential to the growth of healthy turf grass and are supplied in commercial fertilizers. They are also nutrients that are most likely to affect the quality of surface and groundwater. When soil nutrient levels are high and large volumes of water are added to the soil, subsurface loss of nutrients (nitrogen) occurs. As a general guideline, nutrient loss via leaching increases as soil coarseness and water content increases. Without water movement, leaching does not occur. The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect the sand layer thickness had on the movement of water and nitrogen in the soil profile of golf courses. Results showed that the volume of drainage water as well as the total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration in the leachate increased with a thicker sand layer. The amount of TKN that might leach from a golf course during the turf growth peak period of June to August could have a significant impact on the groundwater quality. Reducing irrigation practices to satisfy only the requirements of turf evapotranspiration could significantly reduce the amount of leachate from the golf courses.
Effects of Thermal Emission on the Transmission Spectra of Hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Chakrabarty, Aritra
name: Sengupta, Sujan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmosphere on the dayside of a highly irradiated close-in gas giant (also known as a hot Jupiter) absorbs a significant part of the incident stellar radiation which again gets re-emitted in the infrared wavelengths both from the day and the night sides of the planet. The re-emitted thermal radiation from the night side facing the observers during the transit event of such a planet contributes to the transmitted stellar radiation. We demonstrate that the transit spectra at the infrared region get altered significantly when such re-emitted thermal radiation of the planet is included. We assess the effects of the thermal emission of the hot Jupiters on the transit spectra by simulating observational spectroscopic data with corresponding errors from the different channels of the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope. We find that the effect is statistically significant with respect to the noise levels of those simulated data. Hence, we convey the important message that the planetary thermal re-emission must be taken into consideration in the retrieval models of transit spectra for hot Jupiters for a more accurate interpretation of the observed transit spectra.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Price Transmission and Marketing Margins in the Slovenian Beef and Pork Markets During Transition
Creators: name: Bojnec, Stefan
name: Bojnec, Stefan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: price transmission
subject: marketing margin
subject: co-integration
subject: competition

description: As in many other transition countries processing and marketing margins are also larger in the Slovenian meat market than respective margins in market economies. In addition, margin of the Slovenian pork chain is greater than in the beef chain. Its decline in the pork market indicates an adjustment to more competitive markets. Co-integration models are applied to estimate vertical price transmission and to examine margins and degree of competition in the meat marketing chains. Results indicate the existence of a long run equilibrium regarding vertical price transmission in the beef and pork sectors. Both the farm-gate beef and pork prices are identified as weakly exogenous in the long run. The structural tests imposing a homogeneity restriction suggest a mark-up long-run price strategy for beef and a competitive price strategy for pork after 1994 in the meat processing and marketing chains.
Evolution of spectral properties along the O(6)-U(5) transition in the interacting boson model. II. Classical trajectories
Creators: name: Macek, Michal
name: Cejnar, Pavel
name: Jolie, Jan
name: Heinze, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article continues our previous study of level dynamics in the [O(6)-U(5)]$\supset$O(5) transition of the interacting boson model [nucl-th/0504016] using the semiclassical theory of spectral fluctuations. We find classical monodromy, related to a singular bundle of orbits with infinite period at energy E=0, and bifurcations of numerous periodic orbits for E>0. The spectrum of allowed ratios of periods associated with beta- and gamma-vibrations exhibits an abrupt change around zero energy. These findings explain anomalous bunching of quantum states in the E$\approx$0 region, which is responsible for the redistribution of levels between O(6) and U(5) multiplets.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures; continuation of nucl-th/0504016
Search for the decay B0 to gamma gamma
Creators: name: The Belle Collaboration
name: Villa, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare decay B0 -> gamma gamma is searched for in 104 fb^-1 of data, corresponding to 111 x 10^6 BBar pairs, collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+ e- collider. No evidence for the signal is found, and an upper limit of 6.2 x 10^-7 at 90% confidence level is set for the corresponding branching fraction.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. D
Schulsozialarbeit und Offene Kinder- und Jugendarbeit im Entwicklungsfeld Tagesschule: Wer was wozu beitragen kann: eine qualitative Forschungsarbeit
Creators: name: Krebser, Rebekka
name: Landolt, Sylvia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Die Bachelorarbeit Schulsozialarbeit und Offene Kinder- und Jugendarbeit im Entwicklungsfeld Tagesschule – Wer was wozu beitragen kann: eine qualitative Forschungsarbeit von Rebekka Krebser und Sylvia Landolt geht der Frage nach, welche Auseinandersetzung und Beteiligung bei Schulsozialarbeitenden und Fachpersonen der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit mit und an Tagesschulen der Stadt Zürich stattfindet. Die Arbeit richtet sich somit an Fachpersonen der Arbeitsfelder Schulsozialarbeit und Offene Kinder- und Jugendarbeit sowie an Fachleute weiterer Disziplinen, die an Tagesschulen tätig sind. Zur Verortung wird der aktuelle Diskurs theoretisch behandelt, bevor anhand einer qualitativen Sozialforschung der Bezug zu Schulsozialarbeit und Offener Kinder- und Jugendarbeit hergestellt wird. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Expert*innen der Sozialen Arbeit sowohl an der Basis als auch auf strategischer Ebene mit Tagesschulen auseinandersetzen. Die Beteiligung findet in Form von Kooperationen und professionellen Beiträgen statt. Dabei stehen speziell die Veränderungen bei den Tages- und Zeitstrukturen der Kinder und Jugendlichen im Fokus. Weiter zeigt die Studie auf, dass Vernetzung und Kooperationen zwischen den verschiedenen Stakeholdern Sinn machen, teilweise aber durch strukturelle Bedingungen behindert werden. Neue Kooperationsformen könnten das Einbringen berufsspezifischer Qualitäten an den Tagesschulen begünstigen und so Synergien schaffen, die sich direkt auf die Bildungsgerechtigkeit auswirken und Kindern und Jugendlichen so eine verbesserte Ausbildungsqualität versprechen.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa bask 2021 + hslusa basa 2021 + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Soziokultur & Sozialarbeit 2021 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202103
A Successful Targeted Search for Hypervelocity Stars
Creators: name: Brown, Warren R.
name: Geller, Margaret J.
name: Kenyon, Scott J.
name: Kurtz, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) travel with velocities so extreme that dynamical ejection from a massive black hole is their only suggested origin. Following our discovery of the first HVS, we have undertaken a dedicated survey for more HVSs in the Galactic halo and present here the resulting discovery of two new HVSs: SDSS J091301.0+305120 and SDSS J091759.5+672238, traveling with Galactic rest-frame velocities at least +558+-12 and +638+-12 km/s, respectively. Assuming the HVSs are B8 main sequence stars, they are at distances ~75 and ~55 kpc, respectively, and have travel times from the Galactic Center consistent with their lifetimes. The existence of two B8 HVSs in our 1900 deg^2 survey, combined with the Yu & Tremaine HVS rate estimates, is consistent with HVSs drawn from a standard initial mass function but inconsistent with HVS drawn from a truncated mass function like the one in the top-heavy Arches cluster. The travel times of the five currently known HVSs provide no evidence for a burst of HVSs from a major in-fall event at the Galactic Center in the last \~160 Myr.
description: 5 pages, submitted to ApJ Letters
Contracting, Signaling of Uncertain Quality, and Price Volatility?
Creators: name: Chin, Ming-Chin
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Chin, Ming-Chin
name: Weaver, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Theoretical and simulation results clarify the role of forward procurement contracting as a determinant of spot price levels and volatility. A stylized model determines market share across quality when procurers forward contract to manage quality risk. Actual supply is specified as price dependent and stochastic. Simulation examines sensitivity of spot price level and volatility to extent of forward contracting, risk aversion, and ability to adjust spot market demand (recontracting). The results show that as forward contracting increases mean spot price decreases and variance increases. This effect increases as risk aversion decreases and as the extent of recontracting adjustment in spot demand decreases.
Neutral Hydrogen Gas in Interacting Galaxies: The NGC 1511 galaxy group
Creators: name: Koribalski, B.
name: Manthey, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HI line and 20-cm radio continuum observations of the NGC 1511 galaxy group obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The data reveal an extended, rather disturbed HI distribution for the peculiar starburst galaxy NGC 1511 and a narrow bridge to its small companion galaxy, NGC 1511B, which has been severely distorted by the interaction/collision between the two galaxies. No stellar counterpart to the gaseous bridge has been detected. In addition, we find that the peculiar optical ridge to the east of NGC 1511 is probably the stellar remnant of a galaxy completed disrupted by interactions with NGC 1511. The slightly more distant neighbour, NGC 1511A, shows a regular HI velocity field and no obvious signs of interactions. Radio continuum emission from NGC 1511 reveals three prominent sources on top of a more diffuse, extended distribution. We derive an overall star formation rate of 7 Msun/yr. The most enhanced star formation is found in the south-eastern part of the disk, coincident with several bright HII regions, and closest to the peculiar optical ridge. No continuum emission was detected in the companions, but NGC 1511B appears to show an HII region at its faint western edge, closest to NGC 1511. The group displays a prime example of interaction-induced star formation activity.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Comparison of effect estimates between preprints and peer-reviewed journal articles of COVID-19 trials
Creators: name: Davidson, Mauricia
name: Evrenoglou, Theodoros
name: Graña, Carolina
name: Chaimani, Anna
name: Boutron, Isabelle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Definitions of trial characteristics; Methods S1; Table S1; Table S2; Figure S1
Superpixel Segmentation using Dynamic and Iterative Spanning Forest
Creators: name: Belem, F. C.
name: Guimaraes, S. J. F.
name: Falcao, A. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As constituent parts of image objects, superpixels can improve several higher-level operations. However, image segmentation methods might have their accuracy seriously compromised for reduced numbers of superpixels. We have investigated a solution based on the Iterative Spanning Forest (ISF) framework. In this work, we present Dynamic ISF (DISF) -- a method based on the following steps. (a) It starts from an image graph and a seed set with considerably more pixels than the desired number of superpixels. (b) The seeds compete among themselves, and each seed conquers its most closely connected pixels, resulting in an image partition (spanning forest) with connected superpixels. In step (c), DISF assigns relevance values to seeds based on superpixel analysis and removes the most irrelevant ones. Steps (b) and (c) are repeated until the desired number of superpixels is reached. DISF has the chance to reconstruct relevant edges after each iteration, when compared to region merging algorithms. As compared to other seed-based superpixel methods, DISF is more likely to find relevant seeds. It also introduces dynamic arc-weight estimation in the ISF framework for more effective superpixel delineation, and we demonstrate all results on three datasets with distinct object properties.
Der Einfluss des Teams: Eine Literaturarbeit über den Einfluss gelingender Teamarbeit auf die Belastung der einzelnen Mitarbeitenden in der Intensivbetreuung
Creators: name: Burgunder, Camille
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Die Intensivbetreuung richtet sich an Menschen mit einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung, die durch ihre erheblich herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen einen erhöhten Bedarf in der Begleitung und Betreuung haben. Die Intensivbetreuung bietet diesen Personen einen sicheren Rahmen, in dem eine Entwicklung stattfinden kann. Ziel der Intensivbetreuung ist die Reduktion der herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen und die Wiedereingliederung in die Regelbetreuung. Zwischen den Anforderungen der Intensivbetreuung und den herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen stehen die Professionellen der Sozialen Arbeit. Die Mitarbeitenden der Intensivbetreuung erleben regelmässig Situationen, die belastend sind. Die herausfordernden Verhaltensweisen, wie auch strukturelle Rahmenbedingungen erhöhen die gesundheitlichen Risiken der Mitarbeitenden. Daher liegt der Fokus dieser Arbeit bei den Mitarbeitenden. Es wird aufgezeigt, was genau die Mitarbeitenden als belastend wahrnehmen und welchen Einfluss dies auf die Arbeit mit der Klientel hat. In verschiedene Studien über die Belastungen der Mitarbeitenden haben die Teilnehmenden angegeben, dass ein funktionierendes Team für sie eine Entlastung ist. Genau so kann das Team aber auch ein weiterer belastender Faktor sein, wenn die Teamarbeit nicht erfolgreich ist. In dieser Arbeit wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie gelingende Teamarbeit Einfluss auf die Belastung der einzelnen Mitarbeitenden nehmen kann.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basp 2021 + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialpädagogik 2021 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202103
Structural Forecasts for the Danish Economy Using the Dynamic-AAGE Model
Creators: name: Adams, Philip D.
name: Andersen, Lill
name: Jacobsen, Lars-Bo
name: Adams, Philip D.
name: Andersen, Lill
name: Jacobsen, Lars-Bo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: We describe how an applied dynamic general equilibrium model of the Danish economy has been developed to generate structural forecasts. The forecasts provide a microeconomic picture that is consistent with a macroeconomic scenario and the other inputs. We provide an overview of the inputs required to generate the forecasts and of the forecast methodology. Finally, we present aspects of the forecasting results.
Spin chirality on a two-dimensional frustrated lattice
Creators: name: Grohol, D.
name: Matan, K.
name: Cho, J. H.
name: Lee, S. -H.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Nocera, D. G.
name: Lee, Y. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective behavior of interacting magnetic moments can be strongly influenced by the topology of the underlying lattice. In geometrically frustrated spin systems, interesting chiral correlations may develop that are related to the spin arrangement on triangular plaquettes. We report a study of the spin chirality on a two-dimensional geometrically frustrated lattice. Our new chemical synthesis methods allow us to produce large single crystal samples of KFe3(OH)6(SO4)2, an ideal Kagome lattice antiferromagnet. Combined thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements reveal that the phase transition to the ordered ground-state is unusual. At low temperatures, application of a magnetic field induces a transition between states with different non-trivial spin-textures.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Effects of APOE2 and APOE4 on brain microstructure in older adults: modification by age, sex, and cognitive status
Creators: name: Reas, Emilie T.
name: Triebswetter, Curtis
name: Banks, Sarah J.
name: McEvoy, Linda K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of restriction spectrum imaging metrics. Table S2. Participant characteristics (mean ± SD or N(%)) by APOE4 for the full sample and stratified by cognitive status. Table S3. Participant characteristics (mean ± SD or N(%)) by cognitive status. Table S4. Amyloid and tau measures (mean ± SD or N(%)) by APOE4 genotype and cognitive status for the subset of participants who underwent lumbar puncture. Table S5. Participant characteristics (mean ± SD or N(%)) by cohort and cognitive status. Table S6. Effect sizes (F-values) and p-values for differences in RSI metrics within all regions examined, by APOE4 among cognitively normal participants. Table S7. Effect sizes (F-values) and p-values for differences in RSI metrics within all regions examined, by APOE (APOE2/3 vs APOE3/3 vs APOE4-carrier) among cognitively normal participants. Table S8. Interaction between APOE4 and cognitive impairment on brain microstructure (mean ± SD, adjusted for age, sex, and scanner). Table S9. Correlations (Pearson’s r) between RSI metrics within selected regions of interest demonstrating significant microstructural differences by APOE. Figure S1. Sex-specific differences in brain microstructure by APOE in cognitively normal participants. Entorhinal cortex neurite density was lower for APOE4 carriers than for non-carriers among women only (A). Entorhinal cortex hindered isotropic diffusion (B) and cingulum neurite density (C) were lower for APOE2/3 than for APOE3/3 and APOE4 carriers among women only. Values are residuals, adjusted for age and scanner. Pairwise comparisons in B and C are Bonferroni corrected for multiple comparisons. Figure S2. Effects of cognitive status and APOE4, and their interaction, on brain microstructure. F-values are illustrated for main effects of cognitive status (A), APOE4 (B), and their interaction (C) on RSI metrics in entorhinal cortex, subcortical regions of interest, fiber tracts of interest, and global gray and white matter. Effect sizes for main effects are plotted such that positive values indicate means for cognitively normal (CN) > cognitively impaired (CI) and APOE4 non-carriers > carriers, whereas negative values indicate means for CI > CN and APOE4 carriers > non-carriers. Effects reaching significance after correction for multiple comparisons are highlighted with a black border.
Comparative Performance of Selected Mathematical Programming Models
Creators: name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
name: Arriaza Balmón, Manuel
name: Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: model performance
subject: mathematical programming
subject: modelling
subject: decision-making

description: This study compares the predictive performance of several mathematical programming models. Using the cropping patterns, yields and crop gross margins of eighteen farms over a period of five years we compare the models' optimum solutions with observed crop distributions after the Reform of the EU Common Agricultural Policy of 1992. The results show that the best prediction corresponds to a model that includes expected profit and a qualitative measure of crop riskiness. The results suggest that, in order to obtain reliable predictions, the modelling of farmers' responses to policy changes must consider the risk associated with any given cropping pattern. Finally, we test the ability of the proposed model to reproduce the farmers' observed behaviour with equally good performance under conditions of limited data availability.
Quantitative analysis of ferroelectric domain imaging with piezoresponse force microscopy
Creators: name: Jungk, T.
name: Hoffmann, A.
name: Soergel, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contrast mechanism for ferroelectric domain imaging via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is investigated. A novel analysis of PFM measurements is presented which takes into account the background caused by the experimental setup. This allows, for the first time, a quantitative, frequency independent analysis of the domain contrast which is in good agreement with the expected values for the piezoelectric deformation of the sample and satisfies the generally required features of PFM imaging.
A Multi-Level Approach to Waste Object Segmentation
Creators: name: Wang, Tao
name: Cai, Yuanzheng
name: Liang, Lingyu
name: Ye, Dongyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We address the problem of localizing waste objects from a color image and an optional depth image, which is a key perception component for robotic interaction with such objects. Specifically, our method integrates the intensity and depth information at multiple levels of spatial granularity. Firstly, a scene-level deep network produces an initial coarse segmentation, based on which we select a few potential object regions to zoom in and perform fine segmentation. The results of the above steps are further integrated into a densely connected conditional random field that learns to respect the appearance, depth, and spatial affinities with pixel-level accuracy. In addition, we create a new RGBD waste object segmentation dataset, MJU-Waste, that is made public to facilitate future research in this area. The efficacy of our method is validated on both MJU-Waste and the Trash Annotation in Context (TACO) dataset.
description: Paper appears in Sensors 2020, 20(14), 3816
Does Privatization Deliver? Access to Telephone Services and Household Income in Poor Rural Areas Using a Quasi-Natural Experiment for Peru
Creators: name: Chong, Alberto E.
name: Galdo, Virgilio
name: Torero, Maximo
name: Chong, Alberto E.
name: Galdo, Virgilio
name: Torero, Maximo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Privatization
subject: Institutions
subject: Rural
subject: Poverty
subject: Telecommunications

description: We take advantage of a quasi-natural experiment in Peru by which the privatized telecommunications company was required by government to randomly install and operate public pay phones on small rural towns along the national territory. Using a especially designed household survey for a representative sample of rural towns we are able to link access to telephone services with household income. We find, that regardless of the income measurement, most characteristics of public telephone are positively linked with income. Remarkably, the benefits are given at both non-farm and farm income levels. Not only do the findings hold when using instrumental variables but they are further confirmed when using propensity scores matching methods.
Blob interaction in 2D scrape off layer simulations
Creators: name: Decristoforo, Gregor
name: Militello, Fulvio
name: Garcia, Odd Erik
name: Nicholas, Thomas
name: Omotani, John
name: Marsden, Chris
name: Walkden, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interaction of coherent structures known as blobs in the scrape-off layer of magnetic confinement fusion devices is investigated. Isolated and interacting seeded blobs as well as full plasma turbulence are studied with a two dimensional fluid code. The features of the blobs (size, amplitude, position) are determined with a blob tracking algorithm, which identifies them as coherent structures above a chosen density threshold and compared to a conventional center of mass approach. The agreement of these two methods is shown to be affected by the parameters of the blob tracking algorithm. The benchmarked approach is then extended to a population of interacting plasma blobs with statistically distributed amplitudes, sizes and initial positions for different levels of intermittency. As expected, for decreasing intermittency, we observe an increasing number of blobs deviating from size-velocity scaling laws of perfectly isolated blobs. This is found to be caused by the interaction of blobs with the electrostatic potential of one another, leading to higher average blob velocities. The degree of variation from the picture of perfectly isolated blobs is quantified as a function of the average waiting time of the seeded blobs.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
Quiet Sun electron densities and their uncertainties derived from spectral emission line intensities
Creators: name: Dere, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of this paper is to apply statistical methods to determine electrons densities and their errors from measurements of density-sensitive line intensities in the quiet Sun. Three methods are employed. The first is the use of L-function plots to provide a quick visual assessment of the likelihood that a set of line intensities can provide a robust estimate of these quantities. A second methods involves a chi-squared minimization together with a prescription for determining the regions of statistical confidence in addition to the best-fitting value. A third method uses a Bayesian inference technique that employs a Monte-Carlo Markov-chain (MCMC) calculation from which an analysis of the posterior distributions provide estimates of the mean and regions of high probability density. Using these three methods, observations of extreme-ultraviolet spectral lines originating from regions of the quiet Sun have been analyzed. The quantitative chi-squared minimization and MCMC sampling provide results that are generally in good agreement, especially for sets of lines of ions that have L-function plots that suggest that a robust analysis might be possible.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures
Gamma-rigid solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian for gamma = 30 degrees compared to the E(5) critical point symmetry
Creators: name: Bonatsos, Dennis
name: Lenis, D.
name: Petrellis, D.
name: Terziev, P. A.
name: Yigitoglu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gamma-rigid solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian for gamma = 30 degrees is derived, its ground state band being related to the second order Casimir operator of the Euclidean algebra E(4). Parameter-free (up to overall scale factors) predictions for spectra and B(E2) transition rates are in close agreement to the E(5) critical point symmetry, as well as to experimental data in the Xe region around A=130.
description: LaTeX, 11 pages including 5 .eps figures
The Role of Participation in CVM Survey Design: Evidence from a Tap Water Improvement Program in Northern Thailand
Creators: name: Ahlheim, Michael
name: Fror, Oliver
name: Sinphurmsukskul, Nopasom
name: Ahlheim, Michael
name: Fror, Oliver
name: Sinphurmsukskul, Nopasom
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation
subject: water quality improvement
subject: participatory techniques
subject: mail surveys
subject: elicitation question formats

description: In the environmental economics literature results from contingent valuation mail surveys (MS) are usually considered less reliable than results from face-to-face surveys (FtF). This is mostly due to low response rates and self-selection effects of the respondents. However, MS are much less costly than FtF surveys so that there exists a strong need to make MS more reliable in order to save costs for environmental policy makers. This paper proposes a participatory procedure of survey design in order to improve MS questionnaires. In an empirical study of water quality improvement it is demonstrated that this procedure yields results identical to those of a FtF survey. In contrast to focus groups commonly applied in contingent valuation, we are able to show with our empirical study that much better results can be obtained by conducting group meetings with respondents from a preceding mail survey. Their pre-information of the project and experience with the questionnaire as well as their high motivation to get involved proved to be advantageous for efficient and productive group discussions. Our participatory questionnaire design resulted in a doubling of the response rate and a significant reduction of respondent self-selection. Further, alternative willingness-to-pay elicitation question formats were tested in the context of Thailand. For the dichotomous choice format strong anchoring and "yea"-saying effects were detected so that the use of this format cannot be recommended here. In contrast, the payment card format was found to perform well in this study.
Additional file 1 of Do risk factors differentiate DSM-5 and drive for thinness severity groups for anorexia nervosa?
Creators: name: Dang, An Binh
name: Kiropoulos, Litza
name: Anderluh, Marija
name: Collier, David
name: Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando
name: Karwautz, Andreas
name: Treasure, Janet
name: Wagner, Gudrun
name: Krug, Isabel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. Social and clinical related information of healthy sisters and individuals with AN.
Productivity Differences between Male and Female Managed Farms in the Eastern and Central Highlands of Kenya
Creators: name: Njuki, Jemimah M.
name: Kihiyo, V.B.M.
name: O'Ktingati, A.
name: Place, Frank
name: Njuki, Jemimah M.
name: Kihiyo, V.B.M.
name: O'Ktingati, A.
name: Place, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital

description: This study was carried out in an agroforestry farming system in the central highlands of Kenya. The purpose of the study was to compare the productivity and technical efficiency of male and female managed farms. The study also sought to investigate the sources of differences in the Total Value Product and the technical efficiency of farms. Using a female dummy, the study found no evidence of differences in total value product between male and female managed farms. Male managed farms were however more technically efficient than female managed farms. The highest proportion of farms in the lowest bracket of efficiency levels was female managed farms. The total value product was found to be positively affected by age of the farmer, female labour and inputs while it was negatively affected by land size.
Assessing the Impact of International Natural Resource Management Research: The Case of Zero Tillage in India's Rice-Wheat Systems
Creators: name: Laxmi, Vijay
name: Erenstein, Olaf
name: Laxmi, Vijay
name: Erenstein, Olaf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: natural resource management research
subject: impact assessment
subject: economic surplus
subject: zero tillage
subject: Q11
subject: Q12
subject: Q16

description: A conservative ex-ante assessment of supply-shift gains alone (excluding social and environmental gains), shows that the investment in zero tillage (ZT) R&D by the Rice-Wheat Consortium and CIMMYT was highly beneficial with a benefit-cost ratio of 39, a net present value of US$ 94 million and an internal rate of return 57%. Sensitivity analysis highlights the influential role of the yield gain, the contribution of reduced tillage (i.e. partial adoption) and the assumed time-lag. Significant positive spillovers of sunk ZT R&D costs - both previous and from elsewhere - also contributed to the high returns. The case thereby highlights the potential gains from successful technology transfer and adaptation. The case however also underscores that international NRM research can have a high return, particularly when it has wide applicability.
Twenty years of PWV measurements in the Chajnantor Area
Creators: name: Cortés, Fernando
name: Cortés, Katherine
name: Reeves, Rodrigo
name: Bustos, Ricardo
name: Radford, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Interest in the use of the Chajnantor area for millimeter and submillimeter astronomy is increasing because of its excellent atmospheric conditions. Knowing the general site annual variability in precipitable water vapor (PWV) can contribute to the planning of new observatories in the area. Aims. We seek to create a 20-year atmospheric database (1997 - 2017) for the Chajnantor area in northern Chile using a single common physical unit, PWV.We plan to extract weather relations between the Chajnantor Plateau and the summit of Cerro Chajnantor to evaluate potential sensitivity improvements for telescopes fielded in the higher site. We aim to validate the use of submillimeter tippers to be used at other sites and use the PWV database to detect a potential signature for local climate change over 20 years. Methods. We revised our method to convert from submillimeter tipper opacity to PWV. We now include the ground temperature as an input parameter to the conversion scheme and, therefore, achieve a higher conversion accuracy. Results.We found a decrease in the measured PWV at the summit of Cerro Chajnantor with respect to the plateau of 28%. In addition, we found a PWV difference of 1:9% with only 27 m of altitude difference between two sites in the Chajnantor Plateau: the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) and the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) near the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) center. This difference is possibly due to local topographic conditions that favor the discrepancy in PWV. The scale height for the plateau was extracted from the measurements of the plateau and the Cerro Chajnantor summit, giving a value of 1537 m. Considering the results obtained in this work from the long-term study, we do not see evidence of PWV trends in the 20-year period of the analysis that would suggest climate change in such a timescale.
description: 10 pages, 14 figures, 4 tables
The Irrigation Service Fees and Affordability After the Management Transfer: Empirical Evidence from Ban Vuen- Tonhen WUA in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR
Creators: name: Rasphone, Arounyadeth
name: Osanami, Fumio
name: Kondo, Takumi
name: Rasphone, Arounyadeth
name: Osanami, Fumio
name: Kondo, Takumi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Laos
subject: IMT
subject: WUA
subject: Irrigation service fee
subject: Affordability

description: This study attempts to identify the cause of lowing rate of irrigation use fee's collection through the examination of the farmer affordability in paying the fee. The study chooses to investigate one of the nine pilot irrigation management transfer programs in the Lao PDR. The study scheme, Ban Vuen-Tonhen water user association, has earned remarkable reputation in outstanding operation and management, water distribution, and the fee collection. The irrigation service fee (ISF) affordable function and 45 degree plotting diagram are used in the analysis. The findings indicate that farmers, who cultivate rice only, have the least capacity to pay the fee. However, other farmers, who cultivate rice and cash crops or only cash-crop, are able to pay the fee and 11 times higher than current ISF charged. The study also confirms that ISF paid farmers actually line closely to the total average ISF. Finally, the role of commercialized farming has played a critical role in enhancing the payment and farmer affordability.
A Large Atom Number Metastable Helium Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Tychkov, A. S.
name: Jeltes, T.
name: McNamara, J. M.
name: Tol, P. J. J.
name: Herschbach, N.
name: Hogervorst, W.
name: Vassen, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have produced a Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable helium (4He*) containing over 1.5x10^7 atoms, which is a factor of 25 higher than previously achieved. The improved starting conditions for evaporative cooling are obtained by applying one-dimensional Doppler cooling inside a magnetic trap. The same technique is successfully used to cool the spin-polarized fermionic isotope (3He*), for which thermalizing collisions are highly suppressed. Our detection techniques include absorption imaging, time-of-flight measurements on a microchannel plate detector and ion counting to monitor the formation and decay of the condensate.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures (changed content)
Additional file 1 of A study of genetic variants associated with skin traits in the Vietnamese population
Creators: name: Hoang, Tham Hong
name: Vu, Duc Minh
name: Vu, Giang Minh
name: Nguyen, Thien Khac
name: Do, Nguyet Minh
name: Duong, Vinh Chi
name: Pham, Thang Luong
name: Tran, Mai Hoang
name: Khanh Nguyen, Ly Thi
name: Han, Han Thi Tuong
name: Can, Thu-Thuy
name: Pham, Thai Hong
name: Pham, Tho Duc
name: Nguyen, Thanh Hong
name: Do, Huy Phuoc
name: Vo, Nam S.
name: Nguyen, Xuan-Hung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Equations of motion according to the asymptotic post-Newtonian scheme for general relativity in the harmonic gauge
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic scheme of post-Newtonian approximation defined for general relativity (GR) in the harmonic gauge by Futamase & Schutz (1983) is based on a family of initial data for the matter fields of a perfect fluid and for the initial metric, defining a family of weakly self-gravitating systems. We show that Weinberg's (1972) expansion of the metric and his general expansion of the energy-momentum tensor ${\bf T}$, as well as his expanded equations for the gravitational field and his general form of the expanded dynamical equations, apply naturally to this family. Then, following the asymptotic scheme, we derive the explicit form of the expansion of ${\bf T}$ for a perfect fluid, and the expanded fluid-dynamical equations. (These differ from those written by Weinberg.) By integrating these equations in the domain occupied by a body, we obtain a general form of the translational equations of motion for a 1PN perfect-fluid system in GR. To put them into a tractable form, we use an asymptotic framework for the separation parameter $η$, by defining a family of well-separated 1PN systems. We calculate all terms in the equations of motion up to the order $η^3$ included. To calculate the 1PN correction part, we assume that the Newtonian motion of each body is a rigid one, and that the family is quasi-spherical, in the sense that in all bodies the inertia tensor comes close to being spherical as $η\to 0$. Apart from corrections that cancel for exact spherical symmetry, there is in the final equations of motion one additional term, as compared with the Lorentz-Droste (Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann) acceleration. This term depends on the spin of the body and on its internal structure.
description: 42 pages, no figure. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
The search for missing baryon resonances
Creators: name: Thoma, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments with electromagnetic probes are promising to search for baryon resonances that have been predicted by quark models but have not yet been observed. Data sets from different experiments show interesting resonance structures possibly due to so far unknow states. This might indicate that at least some of the missing baryon resonances start to show up.
description: Part of the EFB'19 conference proceedings 7 pages, 10 eps-figures
Improving the Economic Decision-Making Capability and Viability of Chinese Wool Textile Mills
Creators: name: Brown, Colin G.
name: Waldron, Scott A.
name: Longworth, John W.
name: Zhao, Y.
name: Brown, Colin G.
name: Waldron, Scott A.
name: Longworth, John W.
name: Zhao, Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: China
subject: wool textile mills
subject: industry transition
subject: decision-making models

description: The successful restructuring of Chinese industries is of immense importance not only for the continued development of China but also to the stability of the world economy. The transformation of the Chinese wool textile industry illustrates well the many problems and pressures currently facing most Chinese industries. The Chinese wool textile industry has undergone major upheaval and restructuring in its drive to modernize and take advantage of developments in world textile markets. Macro level ownership and administrative reforms are well advanced as is the uptake of new technology and equipment. However, the changing market and institutional environment also demands an increasing level of sophistication in mill management decisions including product selection, input procurement, product pricing, investment appraisal, cost analysis and proactive identification of new market and growth opportunities. This paper outlines a series of analyses that have been integrated into a decision-making model designed to assist mill managers with these decisions. Features of the model include a whole-of-mill approach, a design based on existing mill structures and information systems, and the capacity for the model to be tailored to individual mills. All of these features facilitate the adoption of the model by time and resource constrained managers seeking to maintain the viability of their enterprises in the face of extremely dynamic market conditions.
Export Market Linkage via Gentleman's Agreement: Evidence from French Bean Marketing in Kenya
Creators: name: Kariuki, Isaac Maina
name: Gideon, Aiko Obare
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
name: Kariuki, Isaac Maina
name: Gideon, Aiko Obare
name: Loy, Jens-Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: verbal agreement
subject: logit
subject: French beans exports
subject: small farmers
subject: linkage
subject: brokers and middlemen

description: "Gentleman's agreements" involving handshakes or promissory market access possibilities through brokers and middlemen have enabled most small farmers in Kenya to export an extensive array of fruits and vegetables. However, despite rapid expansion into these forms of market linkages, there has been a dearth of empirical information regarding the factors that such marketers consider when linking small farmers to the market. This paper uses data from a 2001 French bean farmers survey conducted in Mwea Tebere Central Kenya to evaluate household and infrastructural factors determining informal linkages for French bean marketing. Logit estimates show that irrigation equipment is a prerequisite for linkage, farm localities further from central crop collection centres and close proximity of farms to source of irrigation waters, and poor accessibility of large farms preferred by brokers in linking small farmers. The results lend credence to the importance of brokers and middlemen as an emerging institution in linking small farmers to export markets in rural regions that have poor infrastructures e.g. roads.
Removal of U.S. Ethanol Domestic and Trade Distortions: Impact on U.S. and Brazilian Ethanol Markets
Creators: name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
name: Elobeid, Amani E.
name: Tokgoz, Simla
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: biofuels
subject: ethanol
subject: renewable fuels
subject: trade liberalization

description: We analyze the impact of trade liberalization and removal of the federal tax credit in the United States on U.S. and Brazilian ethanol markets using a multi-market international ethanol model calibrated on 2005 market data and policies. The removal of trade distortions induces a 23.2 percent increase in the price of world ethanol on average between 2006 and 2015 relative to the baseline. The U.S. domestic ethanol price decreases by 14.1 percent, which results in a 7.5 percent decline in production and a 3.2 percent increase in consumption. The lower domestic price leads to a 2.5 percent rise in the share of fuel ethanol in gasoline consumption. U.S. net ethanol imports increase by 192.8 percent. Brazil responds to the higher world ethanol price by increasing its production by 8.8 percent on average. Total ethanol consumption in Brazil decreases by 3.2 percent and net exports increase by 61.9 percent relative to the baseline. The higher ethanol price leads to a 4.7 percent increase in the share of sugarcane used in ethanol production. The removal of trade distortions and 51¢ per gallon tax credit to refiners blending ethanol induces a 22.5 percent increase in the world ethanol price.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 12/06/06.