cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
enpheeph: A Fault Injection Framework for Spiking and Compressed Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Colucci, Alessio
name: Steininger, Andreas
name: Shafique, Muhammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has focused on improving performance and accuracy for real-world deployments, leading to new models, such as Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), and optimization techniques, e.g., quantization and pruning for compressed networks. However, the deployment of these innovative models and optimization techniques introduces possible reliability issues, which is a pillar for DNNs to be widely used in safety-critical applications, e.g., autonomous driving. Moreover, scaling technology nodes have the associated risk of multiple faults happening at the same time, a possibility not addressed in state-of-the-art resiliency analyses. Towards better reliability analysis for DNNs, we present enpheeph, a Fault Injection Framework for Spiking and Compressed DNNs. The enpheeph framework enables optimized execution on specialized hardware devices, e.g., GPUs, while providing complete customizability to investigate different fault models, emulating various reliability constraints and use-cases. Hence, the faults can be executed on SNNs as well as compressed networks with minimal-to-none modifications to the underlying code, a feat that is not achievable by other state-of-the-art tools. To evaluate our enpheeph framework, we analyze the resiliency of different DNN and SNN models, with different compression techniques. By injecting a random and increasing number of faults, we show that DNNs can show a reduction in accuracy with a fault rate as low as 7 x 10 ^ (-7) faults per parameter, with an accuracy drop higher than 40%. Run-time overhead when executing enpheeph is less than 20% of the baseline execution time when executing 100 000 faults concurrently, at least 10x lower than state-of-the-art frameworks, making enpheeph future-proof for complex fault injection scenarios. We release enpheeph at https://github.com/Alexei95/enpheeph.
description: Source code: https://github.com/Alexei95/enpheeph To appear at 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), October, 2022
Power-law cosmology, SN Ia, and BAO
Creators: name: Dolgov, A.
name: Halenka, V.
name: Tkachev, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revise observational constraints on the class of models of modified gravity which at low redshifts lead to a power-law cosmology. To this end we use available public data on Supernova Ia and on baryon acoustic oscillations. We show that the expansion regime $a(t) \sim t^β$ with $β$ close to 3/2 a spatially flat universe is a good fit to these data.
description: Replaced with the version accepted for publication in JCAP. Analysis of BAO was added
Anti-angiogenic therapy using the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Regorafenib enhances tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model of ß-cell carcinogenesis
Creators: name: Egidi, Maren Juliane
name: Krug, Sebastian A.
name: Haybäck, Johannes
name: Michl, Patrick
name: Griesmann, Heidi
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) represent a distinct hypervascularized tumor entity, often diagnosed at metastatic stage. Therapeutic efficacy of anti-angiogenic multi-kinase inhibitors is frequently limited by primary or acquired resistance in vivo. This study aimed to characterize the molecular mode of action as well as resistance mechanisms to the anti-angiogenic multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Regorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Methods: In vitro, human and murine pancreatic neuroendocrine cell lines were comparatively treated with Regorafenib and other TKIs clinically used in PNETs. Effects on cell viability and proliferation were analyzed. In vivo, transgenic RIP1Tag2 mice were treated with Regorafenib at two different time periods during carcinogenesis and its impact on angiogenesis and tumor progression was evaluated. Results: Compared to the established TKI therapies with Sunitinib and Everolimus, Regorafenib showed the strongest effects on cell viability and proliferation in vitro, but was unable to induce apoptosis. Unexpectedly and in contrast to these in vitro findings, Regorafenib enhanced proliferation during early tumor development in RIP1Tag2 mice and had no significant effect in late tumor progression. In addition, invasiveness was increased at both time points. Mechanistically, we could identify an upregulation of the pro-survival protein Bcl-2, the induction of the COX2-PGE2-pathway as well as the infiltration of CSF1R positive immune cells into the tumors as potential resistance mechanisms following Regorafenib treatment. Discussion: Our data identify important tumor cell-autonomous and stroma-dependent mechanisms of resistance to antiangiogenic therapies.
Detection of antibodies against endemic and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses with short peptide epitopes
Creators: name: Szardenings, Michael
name: Delaroque, Nicolas
name: Kern, Karolin
name: Ramirez-Caballero, Lisbeth
name: Puder, Marcus
name: Ehrentreich-Förster, Eva
name: Beige, Joachim
name: Zürner, Sebastian
name: Popp, Georg
name: Wolf, Johannes
name: Borte, Stephan M.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: (1) Background: Coronavirus proteins are quite conserved amongst endemic strains (eCoV) and SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate whether peptide epitopes might serve as useful diagnostic biomarkers to stratify previous infections and COVID-19. (2) Methods: Peptide epitopes were identified at an amino acid resolution that applied a novel statistical approach to generate data sets of potential antibody binding peptides. (3) Results: Data sets from more than 120 COVID-19 or eCoV-infected patients, as well as vaccinated persons, have been used to generate data sets that have been used to search in silico for potential epitopes in proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and eCoV. Peptide epitopes were validated with >300 serum samples in synthetic peptide micro arrays and epitopes specific for different viruses, in addition to the identified cross reactive epitopes. (4) Conclusions: Most patients develop antibodies against non-structural proteins, which are useful general markers for recent infections. However, there are differences in the epitope patterns of COVID-19, and eCoV, and the S-protein vaccine, which can only be explained by a high degree of cross-reactivity between the viruses, a pre-existing immune response against some epitopes, and even an alternate processing of the vaccine proteins.
Equity in Accessibility
Creators: name: Martens, Karel
name: Singer, Matan E.
name: Cohen-Zada, Aviv Lee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Many studies on transport equity have analyzed disparities in access to destinations between different population groups. In this study, we challenge this disparity approach and propose an alternative: analyzing accessibility insufficiencies. We argue that disparity analyses fall short on two accounts. First, they are based on group averages that inherently hide in-group variation. Second, they compare accessibility levels between groups without addressing whether these levels actually allow people to engage in daily activities. The proposed sufficiency approach avoids the former and addresses the latter by setting an explicit sufficiency threshold for accessibility. Empirical analyses for 49 of the 50 largest U.S. metropolitan areas confirmed the problematic nature of disparity analyses. In line with most literature, our disparity analyses show that disadvantaged groups are virtually always better served by transit than their more advantaged counterparts. Yet a systematic sufficiency analysis reveals large inequities in accessibility, regardless of the exact sufficiency threshold employed. Our outcomes underscore the need for researchers and planning practitioners to move away from seemingly neutral disparity analyses toward equity analyses of insufficiencies. Though this move implies inevitably normative, and thus politically difficult, decisions, such analyses enable professionals to systematically identify transport inequities as input for regional transport plans. They may also be used to prioritize already proposed interventions based on their contribution to a reduction in accessibility insufficiencies.
Bonus scaling and BCFW in N=7 supergravity
Creators: name: Liu, Jin-Yu
name: Shih, En
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In search of natural building blocks for supergravity amplitudes, a tentative criteria is term-by-term bonus z^-2 large momentum scaling. For a given choice of deformation legs, we present such an expansion in the form of a BCFW representation in N=7 supergravity based on a special shift. We will show that this improved scaling behavior, with respect to the fully N=8 representation, is due to its automatic incorporation of the so called bonus relations.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Widespread effects of DNA methylation and intra-motif dependencies revealed by novel transcription factor binding models
Creators: name: Grau, Jan
name: Schmidt, Florian
name: Schulz, Marcel Holger
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 576

description: Several studies suggested that transcription factor (TF) binding to DNA may be impaired or enhanced by DNA methylation. We present MeDeMo, a toolbox for TF motif analysis that combines information about DNA methylation with models capturing intra-motif dependencies. In a large-scale study using ChIP-seq data for 335 TFs, we identify novel TFs that show a binding behaviour associated with DNA methylation. Overall, we find that the presence of CpG methylation decreases the likelihood of binding for the majority of methylation-associated TFs. For a considerable subset of TFs, we show that intra-motif dependencies are pivotal for accurately modelling the impact of DNA methylation on TF binding. We illustrate that the novel methylation-aware TF binding models allow to predict differential ChIP-seq peaks and improve the genome-wide analysis of TF binding. Our work indicates that simplistic models that neglect the effect of DNA methylation on DNA binding may lead to systematic underperformance for methylation-associated TFs.
The Quantum Information of Cosmological Correlations
Creators: name: Lim, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been shown that the primordial perturbations sourced by inflation are driven to classicality by unitary evolution alone. However, their coupling with the environment such as photons and subsequent decoherence renders the cosmological correlations quantum, losing primordial information in the process. We argue that the quantumness of the resulting cosmological correlations is given by quantum discord, which captures non-classical behavior beyond quantum entanglement. By considering the environment as a quantum channel in which primordial information contained in the perturbations is transmitted to us, we can then ask how much of this information is inaccessible. We show that this amount of information is given by the discord of the joint primordial perturbations-environment system. To illustrate these points, we model the joint system as a mixed bi-modal Gaussian state, and show that quantum discord is dependent on the basis which decoherence occurs.
description: 9 pages. 2 figures
Open Access Repository der TUHH: TUHH Open Research (TORE)
Creators: name: Hapke, Thomas
name: Rajski, Beate
name: Bieler, Detlev
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: #OAWeek
#OAWeek2019
open access
repository

description: Poster zu TUHH Open Research (TORE): Open Access Repository der TU Hamburg
title: Quo vadis, Austria?
Creators: name: Steiner, Julia
Year: 2021

description: Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit kolonialzeitlichen Sammlungen in Museen, der Debatte um die Aufarbeitung und Rückgabe der teils unrechtmäßig angeeigneten Bestände und mit der Positionierung Österreichs – eines ‚kolonielosen‘ Landes – in diesem internationalen Diskurs. Anhand zweier zentraler Bundesmuseen, dem Weltmuseum Wien und dem Naturhistorischen Museum Wien, wird untersucht, wie Österreich mit der Aufarbeitung von Sammlungen aus ‚kolonialen Kontexten‘ historisch und gegenwärtig umgeht. Der Umgang wird in die drei Bereiche der ‚wissenschaftlichen‘, der ‚musealen‘ und der ‚politischen‘ Aufarbeitung aufgeschlüsselt und anhand von Experteninterviews inner- und außerhalb der Institutionen und weiterem Quellenmaterial durch die historisch hermeneutische Methode rekonstruiert und analysiert. Die Untersuchung zeigt sowohl Kontinuitäten als auch Trendwenden und Brüche in der Wahrnehmung und Aufarbeitung kolonialzeitlicher Sammlungen in den beiden Wiener Museen auf. Dabei spielt die ‚Spezialstellung‘ Österreichs im europäischen Kolonialismus historisch wie gegenwärtig eine besondere Rolle in der kritischen Erforschung, musealen Darstellung und internationalen Aufarbeitung der ‚kolonialen‘ Bestände in den Museen.
description: This diploma thesis is about ‘colonial’ collections in museums, the debate of the reappraisal and restitution of the partly unlawfully acquired objects and Austria’s position as a state without former colonies in this international discourse. Austria’s form of dealing with the reappraisal of collections from ‘colonial contexts’ is assessed by analysing two essential Austrian Museums – the Weltmuseum Wien and the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien. The reappraisal is separated into a ‘scientific’, a ‘museal’ and a ‘political’ part and is reconstructed and analysed with the historical-hermeneutical method using expert interviews and other source material. The study results show continuities as well as trend reversals and upheavals in the perception and reappraisal of ‚colonial’ collections in both Viennese museums. Historically and currently, Austria’s special position in the European colonialism plays an important role in the critical research, museal representation and international reappraisal of ‚colonial‘ collections in the museums.
Modeling of Tunable Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) Neuromorphic Devices using Magnetic Skyrmion Manipulation Chambers
Creators: name: Khodzhaev, Zulfidin
name: Incorvia, Jean Anne
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: high performance computing

description: "Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for implementing synaptic plasticity in neuromorphic computing due to their dynamic and nonvolatile nature [1]. This work presents the modeling of a neuromorphic device with three magnetic skyrmion manipulation chambers, Fig. 1, to emulate spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) [2]. The middle chamber stores the synaptic weight as the skyrmion count, while the side chambers generate pre- and post-synaptic spikes. By controlling the timing and magnitude of currents applied to the chambers, the final skyrmion count can be tuned to demonstrate STDP learning rules [3]. The device exhibits configurable rates of weight update, emulating location-dependent plasticity along dendrites. The modeled skyrmion device demonstrates adaptability in implementing diverse synaptic plasticity functions for efficient neuromorphic computing. [1] A. Fert, N. Reyren, and V. Cros, Nature Reviews Materials 2017 2:7 2(7), 1–15 (2017). [2] G.Q. Bi, and M.M. Poo, Journal of Neuroscience 18(24), 10464–10472 (1998). [3] R.C. Froemke, M.M. Poo, and Y. Dan, Nature 2005 434:7030 434(7030), 221–225 (2005)."
Examining the Effects of Policy Design on Affordable Unit Production Under Inclusionary Zoning Policies
Creators: name: Wang, Ruoniu
name: Fu, Xinyu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cardiology

description: Evidence suggests that inclusionary zoning (IZ) correlates with affordable housing and mixed-income communities; however, what effect the policy design has on affordable housing productivity remains unclear. In this study we investigated the relationship between policy features and average annual affordable unit production under IZ by using the IZ data set, which includes adoption year, standardized characteristics, and outcomes in terms of affordable unit counts for 27 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Although the data set does not fully capture affordable unit production for all IZ policies or those produced from in-lieu payments, this study is by far the largest scale empirical examination of IZ outcomes. Findings indicated that jurisdictions with policies that were mandatory, older, covered the entire jurisdiction, or had more complex income requirements designed to reach lower income levels had significantly higher production of affordable units. The top 15% of high-producing policies disproportionately consisted of policies that created affordable rental units, covered the entire jurisdiction, and had more complex income requirements. In addition, longer affordability terms were not associated with lower affordable unit productivity in our regression models. Our analysis identified common traits in IZ policies that produced at least one affordable unit as well as high-producing policies. These commonalities generally support enacting more stringent IZ policies with some flexibility in terms of the income levels served for greater affordable unit productivity. Limitations revealed in the data set suggested that local jurisdictions should better track affordable units to gain more information about what works. Considering that IZ policy design varies greatly, planners and policymakers must consider local housing market conditions relative to findings in this study as well as state and local regulatory environments when designing IZ policies.
Эффективность зонирования для целей кадастровой оценки в управлении земельными ресурсами
Creators: name: Комаров Станислав Игоревич
name: Антропов Д.В.
name: Иоселиани Н.А.
Publisher: name: Имущественные отношения в Российской Федерации
Year: 2018
Subjects: ЗОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ КАК ПРАВОВОЙ ИНСТИТУТ
ЗОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ КАК ФУНКЦИЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫМИ РЕСУРСАМИ НА ОСНОВЕ ЗОНИРОВАНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНОЧНОГО ЗОНИРОВАНИЯ
КЛАСТЕРНОЕ ЗОНИРОВАНИЕ ПО ИНТЕГРАЛЬНОМУ КРИТЕРИЮ
ZONING OF TERRITORIES AS A LEGAL INSTITUTION
ZONING OF TERRITORIES AS A FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT OF LAND RESOURCES ON THE BASIS OF ZONING OF TERRITORIES
METHOD OF ASSESSMENT ZONING
CLUSTER ZONING BY INTEGRAL CRITERION

description: Авторы статьи анализируют, как используются результаты оценочного зонирования в системе управления земельными ресурсами России. Представляют оригинальную методику оценочного зонирования, способствующую, в частности, повышению качества оценочных статистических моделей и корректировке земельных платежей. Приводят пример использования результатов оценочного зонирования в городе Санкт-Петербурге и показывают его эффективность.
Factorized power expansion for high-$p_T$ heavy quarkonium production
Creators: name: Ma, Yan-Qing
name: Qiu, Jian-Wei
name: Sterman, George
name: Zhang, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that when the factorized cross section for heavy quarkonium production includes next-to-leading power (NLP) contributions associated with the production of the heavy quark pair at short distances, it naturally reproduces all high $p_T$ results calculated in non-relativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization. This extended formalism requires fragmentation functions for heavy quark pairs, as well as for light partons. When these fragmentation functions are themselves calculated using NRQCD, we find that two of the four leading NRQCD production channels, ${^3\hspace{-0.6mm}S_{1}^{[1]}}$ and ${^1\hspace{-0.6mm}S_{0}^{[8]}}$, are dominated by the NLP contributions for a very wide $p_T$ range. The large next-to-leading order corrections of NRQCD are absorbed into the leading order of the first power correction. The impact of this finding on the heavy quarkonium production and its polarization is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, version published in Physical Review Letters
Habitat suitability modelling for Lagotis cashmeriana (ROYLE) RUPR., a threatened species endemic to Kashmir Himalayan alpines
Creators: name: Salam, Nadeem
name: Reshi, Zafar A.
name: Shah, Manzoor A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Rare and endemic species comprise globally a priority conservation concern in view of being at a higher risk of extinction. Recording the occurrence data for such species, especially in hardly accessible alpine habitats, is a rather challenging task. Modelling serves as effective tool for predicting habitat suitability and practising artificial introductions for such species with encouraging conservation implications. We used Maxent modelling to predict the habitats suitable for Lagotis cashmiriana (ROYLE) RUPR., a threatened species endemic to Kashmir Himalaya. Our modelling approach consisted of two rounds of modelling and one round of ground validations. The first round of modelling was based on the published literature and herbarium records and the second round included the new records that were obtained from ground validations based on first model predictions. Through this approach, we were able to identify several new populations of L. cashmiriana and reported a significant increase in its range size. We also identified the suitable areas for reintroduction of L. cashmiriana in the western Himalayan region after identifying a broad range of environmental factors that determine the distribution of this species.
Neutron stars with hyperon cores: stellar radii and EOS near nuclear density
Creators: name: Fortin, M.
name: Zdunik, J. L.
name: Haensel, P.
name: Bejger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of 2 Msun pulsars puts very strong constraints on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars (NSs) with hyperon cores, which can be satisfied only by special models of hadronic matter. The radius-mass relation for these models is sufficiently specific that it could be subjected to an observational test with future X-ray observatories. We want to study the impact of the presence of hyperon cores on the radius-mass relation for NS. We aim to find out how, and for which particular stellar mass range, a specific relation R(M), where M is the gravitational mass, and R is the circumferential radius, is associated with the presence of a hyperon core. We consider a set of 14 theoretical EOS of dense matter, based on the relativistic mean-field (RMF) approximation, allowing for the presence of hyperons in NSs. We seek correlations between R(M) and the stiffness of the EOS below the hyperon threshold needed to pass the 2 Msun test. For NS masses 1.013km, because of a very stiff pre-hyperon segment of the EOS. At nuclear density, the pressure is significantly higher than a robust upper bound obtained recently using chiral effective field theory. If massive NSs do have a sizable hyperon core, then according to current models the radii for M=1.0-1.6 Msun are necessarily >13km. If, on the contrary, a NS with a radius R<12 km is observed in this mass domain, then sizable hyperon cores in NSs, as we model them now, are ruled out. Future X-ray missions with <5% precision for a simultaneous M and R measurement will have the potential to solve the problem with observations of NSs. Irrespective of this observational test, present EOS allowing for hyperons that fulfill condition M_max>2 Msun yield a pressure at nuclear density that is too high relative to up-to-date microscopic calculations of this quantity.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, published in A&A
Plasma β-synuclein, GFAP, and neurofilaments in patients with malignant gliomas undergoing surgical and adjuvant therapy
Creators: name: Abu Rumeileh, Samir
name: Barba, Lorenzo
name: Bache, Matthias
name: Halbgebauer, Steffen
name: Oeckl, Patrick
name: Steinacker, Petra
name: Güttler, Antje
name: Kessler-Silacci, Jacqueline
name: Illert, Jörg
name: Strauss, Christian
name: Vordermark, Dirk
name: Otto, Markus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: We analyzed the longitudinal concentrations and prognostic roles of plasma β-synuclein (β-syn), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament proteins (NfL and NfH) in 33 patients with malignant gliomas, who underwent surgical and adjuvant therapy. GFAP and NfL levels were increased in patients with glioblastoma compared to cases with other tumors. β-syn, NfL and NfH increased after surgery, whereas GFAP decreased at long-term follow-up. β-syn and neurofilament concentrations were influenced by surgery and/or radiotherapy regimens. GFAP and neurofilament levels were significantly associated with survival. Plasma neuronal and astrocytic biomarkers are differentially altered in malignant glioma types and displayed distinct trajectories after surgical and adjuvant therapy.
Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions
Creators: name: Delavaux, Camille S.
name: Bruelheide, Helge
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5,6,7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.
title: Die Zapatistas und die Netzwerke der Macht
Creators: name: Koch, Pia Maria
Year: 2021

description: In der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit wird eine detaillierte Diskursanalyse des Textes "7 piezas sueltas del rompecabezas mundial. La inútil unidad del mundo que fragmenta y destruye naciones" von Subcomandante Marcos, dem Sprecher der mexikanischen Zapatistas, vorgenommen. Dabei werden die Besonderheiten dieses Zusammenschlusses mehrerer indigener Völker herausgearbeitet und die Bewegung insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Einstellungen zu Fragen der Macht der Sprache, ihrer Identifikation mit der Nation, der Stellung der Frauen in der Gemeinschaft und ihrer Einstellung zur Macht an sich untersucht. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt der Arbeit widmet sich der Kritischen Patriarchatstheorie, die von der Soziologin und Frauenforscherin Claudia von Werlhof gemeinsam mit anderen Wissenschaftlern und Wissenschaftlerinnen entwickelt wurde. Es werden die Thesen der Forscherinnen dargelegt und in Beziehung zu den Ansätzen und Forderungen der mexikanischen Zapatistas gesetzt. Dabei soll die Frage beantwortet werden, ob die Zapatistas das Patriarchat ebenso kritisch betrachten und wie sich dies in ihren Daseinsformen, ihren alltäglichen Bemühungen und Kämpfen für eine andere Welt ausdrückt. Darüber hinaus werden relevante theoretische Ansätze zu Fragen der Macht ausführlich besprochen, etwa die Theorien Michel Foucaults, Michael Hardt und Antonio Negris Thesen zur Neuen Weltordnung, aber auch Marshall McLuhans Forschungen zur Macht der Sprache, welche insbesondere in der stetig zunehmenden Alphabetisierung der Welt ihren Ausdruck findet. Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich vor allem der Frage, ob die meist verborgenen Mechanismen der Macht mithilfe der ausgewählten Methoden, der Diskursanalyse und der Kritischen Patriarchatstheorie, auf- oder auch neu ent-deckt werden können.
title: Die Waldheim-Affäre und die Debatte um die Wehrmacht im Spiegel der großen österreichischen regionalen Tageszeitungen im Jahre 1986
Creators: name: Pichler, Tobias Johann
Year: 2021

description: Die Waldheim-Affäre von 1986 wurde in dieser Arbeit hinsichtlich der Berichterstattung von vier unterschiedlichen, regional erscheinenden Tageszeitungen im Zeitraum von Anfang März bis Ende April 1986 hinein analysiert. Die analysierten Zeitungen spielen in der bisherigen historischen Aufarbeitung kaum eine Rolle, da primär die großen österreichischen Tageszeitungen, wie die Neue Kronen Zeitung, der Kurier, die Presse u. a. eine Beachtung erfuhren. Die herangezogenen Tageszeitungen sind die Kleine Zeitung, die Salzburger Nachrichten, die Vorarlberger Nachrichten und die Tiroler Tageszeitung. Die Methode der Zeitungsanalyse bietet hier die Möglichkeit eine zeitgenössische Betrachtung der Causa und die beginnende Debatte um die Wehrmacht darzustellen. Neben den relevanten Artikeln wurden auch die veröffentlichten Leserbriefe zur Thematik analysiert und ausgewertet. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wurde eine zunehmende Emotionalisierung und Skandalisierung der Debatte festgestellt. Die Causa um Waldheim entwickelte sich zu einer Art Stellvertreter-Diskussion in Bezug auf die Geschichte Österreichs während des 2. Weltkriegs und kann diesbezüglich als Zäsur gewertet werden.
Two-component equations modelling water waves with constant vorticity
Creators: name: Escher, Joachim
name: Henry, David
name: Kolev, Boris
name: Lyons, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive a two-component system of nonlinear equations which model two-dimensional shallow water waves with constant vorticity. Then we prove well-posedness of this equation using a geometrical framework which allows us to recast this equation as a geodesic flow on an infinite dimensional manifold. Finally, we provide a criteria for global existence.
description: 24 pages
Global aspects of radiation memory
Creators: name: Winicour, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational radiation has a memory effect represented by a net change in the relative positions of test particles. Both the linear and nonlinear sources proposed for this radiation memory are of the "electric" type, or E mode, as characterized by the even parity of the polarization pattern. Although "magnetic" type, or B mode, radiation memory is mathematically possible, no physically realistic source has been identified. There is an electromagnetic counterpart to radiation memory in which the velocity of charged particles obtain a net "kick". Again, the physically realistic sources of electromagnetic radiation memory that have been identified are of the electric type. In this paper, a global null cone description of the electromagnetic field is applied to establish the non-existence of B mode radiation memory and the non-existence of E mode radiation memory due to a bound charge distribution.
description: Final version to be published in Class. Quantum Grav
Geochemical investigation of the mixed Máriahalom vertebrate fauna at the Paleogene–Neogene boundary in the Central Paratethys : environmental conditions and age constrain
Creators: name: Kocsis, László
name: Rabi, Márton
name: Ulianov, Alex
name: Cipriani, Anna
name: Farkas, Izabella M.
name: Botfalvai, Gábor
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 550

description: The fossil vertebrate fauna of Máriahalom contains remains from a wide range of ecologies including terrestrial and aquatic mammals, crocodiles, sharks, and rays among others. All these were found mixed in mollusc-rich, shallow water, coastal deposits. The aim of the study is to trace the origin of the fossils using their rare earth element (REE) content and their respective ecology with stable oxygen isotopic compositions. In addition, marine vertebrates and calcareous marine fossils were analysed for their Sr isotope composition to provide a new age estimate for the locality. The REE content and their distribution in the fossils indicate similar early diagenetic environments and possible contemporaneous fossilization for the entire vertebrate assemblage. Reworked fossils of significantly different age can be excluded. The enamel/enameloid-derived phosphate oxygen isotope composition of selected fossil taxa fit well with previously inferred habitats that include marine, brackish, and terrestrial environments. Notably, the stem-pinniped Potamotherium valletoni is best interpreted as freshwater dweller instead of marine, consistent with the sedimentology of other occurrences. Our novel 87Sr/86Sr data suggest an Aquitanian age (21.4 ± 0.5 Ma) for the Máriahalom site that is younger than the previously proposed Late Oligocene age based on biostratigraphy (MP28–30 European Mammal Paleogene Reference Levels). An Aquitanian age raises the possibility that the index fossil taxon, the anthracothere mammal Microbunodon minimum, may have vanished earlier in Western Europe than in the Central Paratethys region.
title: Artenschutz quo Basis?
Creators: name: Macalka, Elisabeth
Year: 2021

description: Diese Arbeit soll die aktuelle Situation in Bezug auf den Artenschutz in Wien beleuchten. Dazu werden eingangs Schlüsselbegriffe definiert und bisherige Artensterben in der Vergangenheit ausgeführt. Die Flora und Fauna der Stadt werden in der Vergangenheit und in der Gegenwart betrachtet und Gefahren für den Artenschutz werden thematisiert. Die rechtliche Lage auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene wird ebenso erläutert wie die Zuständigkeiten der verschiedenen öffentlichen und gemeinnützigen Organisationen. Außerdem werden die vielfältigen Maßnahmen der Stadt angeführt. Aktuelle Zahlen und Erkenntnisse sollen die Bestandsaufnahme komplettieren. Schlussendlich sollen Möglichkeiten für die didaktische Umsetzung im Rahmen des Biologie und Umweltkunde Unterrichts aufgezeigt werden.
The role of thermal tolerance in determining elevational distributions of four arthropod taxa in mountain ranges of southern Asia
Creators: name: Khaliq, Imran
name: Junaid Shahid, Muhammad
name: Kamran, Haseeb
name: Sheraz, Muhammad
name: Awais, Muhammad
name: Shabir, Mehtab
name: Asghar, Muhammad
name: Rehman, Abdul
name: Riaz, Maria
name: Braschler, Brigitte
name: Sanders, Nathan J.
name: Hof, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Understanding the role of thermal tolerances in determining species distributions is important for assessing species responses to climate change. Two hypotheses linking physiology with species distributions have been put forward—the climatic variability hypothesis and the climatic extreme hypothesis. The climatic variability hypothesis predicts the selection of individuals with broad thermal tolerance in more variable climatic conditions and the climatic extreme hypothesis predicts the selection of individuals with extreme thermal tolerance values under extreme climatic conditions. However, no study has tested the predictions of these hypotheses simultaneously for several taxonomic groups along elevational gradients. Here, we related experimentally measured critical thermal maxima, critical thermal minima and thermal tolerance breadths for 15,187 individuals belonging to 116 species of ants, beetles, grasshoppers, and spiders from mountain ranges in central and northern Pakistan to the limits and breadths of their geographic and temperature range. Across all species and taxonomic groups, we found strong relationships between thermal traits and elevational distributions both in terms of geography and temperature. The relationships were robust when repeating the analyses for ants, grasshoppers, and spiders but not for beetles. These results indicate a strong role of physiology in determining elevational distributions of arthropods in Southern Asia. Overall, we found strong support for the climatic variability hypothesis and the climatic extreme hypothesis. A close association between species' distributional limits and their thermal tolerances suggest that in case of a failure to adapt or acclimate to novel climatic conditions, species may be under pressure to track their preferred climatic conditions, potentially facing serious consequences under current and future climate change.
Quantum coherence in ultrastrong optomechanics
Creators: name: Hu, D.
name: Huang, S. -Y.
name: Liao, J. -Q.
name: Tian, L.
name: Goan, H. -S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrastrong light-matter interaction in an optomechanical system can result in nonlinear optical effects such as photon blockade. The system-bath couplings in such systems play an essential role in observing these effects. Here we study the quantum coherence of an optomechanical system with a dressed-state master equation approach. Our master equation includes photon-number-dependent terms that induce dephasing in this system. Cavity dephasing, second-order photon correlation, and two-cavity entanglement are studied with the dressed-state master equation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, published
The Lyman-beta forest as a cosmic thermometer
Creators: name: Iršič, Vid
name: Viel, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive analysis of high resolution hydrodynamic simulations in terms of Lyman-alpha and Lyman-beta one dimensional flux power spectra ($P_{αα}$ and $P_{ββ}$). In particular, we focus on the behaviour that the flux auto-power spectra and cross-power spectra ($P_{αβ}$) display when the intergalactic medium (IGM) thermal history is changed in a range of values that bracket a reference model, while cosmological parameters are kept fixed to best fit the cosmic microwave background data. We present empirical fits that describe at the sub-percent level the dependence of the power spectra on the thermal parameters. At the largest scales, the power spectra show a constant bias between each other that is set by the parameters describing the IGM thermal state. The cross-power spectrum has an oscillatory pattern and crosses zero at a scale which depends on $T_0$, the IGM temperature at the mean density, for reasonable values of the power-law index $γ$ of the IGM temperature-density relation ($T=T_0(1+δ)^{γ-1}$). By performing a Fisher matrix analysis, we find that the power spectrum $P_{ββ}$ is more sensitive to the thermal history than $P_{αα}$ alone, due to the fact that it probes denser regions than Lyman-alpha. When we combine the power and cross spectra the constraints on $γ$ can be improved by a factor $\sim 4$, while the constraints on $T_0$ improve by a factor of $\sim 2$. We address the role of signal-to-noise and resolution by mocking realistic observations and we conclude that the framework presented in this work can significantly improve the knowledge of the IGM thermal state, which will in turn guarantee better constraints on IGM-derived cosmological parameters.
description: 33 pages, 15 figures; matches version published in JCAP
Subspace Methods in Era of Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Jerke, Jonathan
name: Poirier, Bill
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: high performance computing

description: "I am asking essential questions about the place of classical computing algorithms in light of the quantum supremacy claimed by GOOGLE. GOOGLE claimed they could generate the bonafide quantum states via an iteration of a matrix on a vector. I expect that someday prepared states will be used in another stage of quantum algorithms. However, is there a place for understanding as another tool besides the dominant properties of the oracle? In particular, if one writes down a subspace of active dynamical dimensions with exact quantum operators, could this understanding be faster than state preparation? I have been experimenting with cheaper solutions using a company meerkat (system76) computer. The same algorithm on HPC, which I have time on Lonestar 6, could computer bigger subspaces and more Qbits. In the figure, reporting the timing of ground state computations as a function of Qbit size shows power-law scaling with increasing Qbits. Subspaces dropped into QuTip can achieve fast computation of time dependence with Lindband and dissipation. The limiting factor is the subspace's linear dependence (quality), which has routinely been suitable for other problems. I ask the reader to consider the value of subspace methods irrespective of the quality of my production. Unlike most methods to diagonalize on the market, this method uses forward matrix-vector multiplication on Sums Of Products vector representations. The method was originally designed to work with Coloumb forces on digital lattices. Recent work recognizes the application of classical computation beside quantum computing technologies. Quantum Galaxies Corporation is a startup from Texas Tech University for classical computing based on patents for quantum computing."
title: Georg Cantors Beiträge zum Unendlichkeitsbegriff in der Mengenlehre und deren Einbindung in den Mathematikunterricht.
Creators: name: Kantor, Benjamin
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit Georg Cantors Arbeiten zur Mengenlehre, dem Unendlichkeitsbegriff und deren Einbindung im Mathematikunterricht. Cantors Arbeit in der Mengenlehre nimmt ihren Ausgang von seiner exakten Definition reeller Zahlen und dem Versuch, mengentheoretische Begriffe festzulegen, mit denen systematisch gearbeitet werden kann. Daraus entwickelt sich sein Interesse an unendlichen Mengen. Er beweist die Abzählbarkeit der rationalen und algebraischen Zahlenmenge sowie die Überabzählbarkeit der transzendenten und reellen. Danach entdeckt er die Gleichmächtigkeit mehrdimensionaler reeller Mengen und beweist diese. Der „Satz von Cantor“ – über die Mächtigkeit der Potenzmenge einer Menge – lässt den Schluss zu, dass es verschiedene Unendlichkeiten gibt, die er durch seine Entwicklung der Ordinal- und Kardinalzahlen verdeutlicht. Da die Mengenlehre eine relativ junge Wissenschaft innerhalb der Mathematik darstellt, treten bereits während Cantors Arbeit Antinomien und Probleme bei der Bildung von Mengen auf; sogar Cantor selbst stößt auf Widersprüche. Diese können erst in den 1920er Jahren, einige Jahre nach Cantors Wirken, behoben werden. Bedeutsame Arbeit leisten Ernst Zermelo, der ein Axiomensystem der Mengenlehre entwickelt, Adolf Fraenkel, der Zermelos Axiome ergänzt, sodass Antinomien und problematische Mengenbildungen verhindert werden. Die Einbindung der Mengenlehre und des Unendlichkeitsbegriffs im Schulunterricht wird anhand der Lehrpläne verschiedener Schulformen und ausgewählter Schulbücher analysiert.
Anisotropic Scale Invariant Spacetimes and Black Holes in Zwei-Dreibein Gravity
Creators: name: Goya, Andrés F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Zwei-Dreibein Gravity (ZDG), a bigravity theory recently proposed by Bergshoeff, de Haan, Hohm, Merbis, and Townsend in Phys.Rev.Lett. 111 (2013) 111102, admits exact solutions with anisotropic scale invariance. These type of geometries are the three-dimensional analogues of the spacetimes which were proposed as gravity duals for condensed matter systems. In particular, we find Schrödinger invariant spaces as well as Lifshitz spaces with arbitrary dynamical exponent $z$. We also find black holes that are asymptotically Lifshitz with $z=3$, showing that these (non-constant curvature) solutions of New Massive Gravity (NMG) are persistent after the introduction of the infinite tower of higher-curvature terms of ZDG, provided a renormalization of the parameters. Black holes in asymptotically warped Anti-de Sitter spaces are also found. Interestingly, in almost all the geometries studied in this work, the metric associated with the second dreibein turns out to be equivalent, up to a constant global factor, to the first one. This phenomenon has been previously observed in other bigravity theories in asymptotically flat and asymptotically Anti-de Sitter backgrounds. However, for the particular case of the $z=3$ Lifshitz black hole, here we found that the second metric corresponds to a different black hole that coincides with the former only in the asymptotic region. In fact, we find a new family of $z=3$ black holes that corresponds to a one-parameter deformation of the NMG solution.
description: 1+15 pages. v2 minor corrections, version published in JHEP
DMRG study of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions of the 2D five-state clock model
Creators: name: Chatelain, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions of the two-dimensional 5-state clock model are studied on infinite strips using the DMRG algorithm. Because of the open boundary conditions, the helicity modulus $Υ_2$ is computed by imposing twisted magnetic fields at the two boundaries. Its scaling behavior is in good agreement with the existence of essential singularities with $σ=1/2$ at the two transitions. The predicted universal values of $Υ_2$ are shown to be reached in the thermodynamic limit. The fourth-order helicity modulus is observed to display a dip at the high-temperature BKT transition, like the XY model, and shown to take a new universal value at the low-temperature one. Finally, the scaling behavior of magnetization at the low-temperature transition is compatible with $η=1/4$.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures