cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Selfconsistent gauge-invariant theory of in-plane infrared response of high-Tc cuprate superconductors involving spin fluctuations
Creators: name: Chaloupka, J.
name: Munzar, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on results of our theoretical study of the in-plane infrared conductivity of the high-Tc cuprate superconductors using the model where charged planar quasiparticles are coupled to spin fluctuations. The computations include both the renormalization of the quasiparticles and the corresponding modification of the current-current vertex function (vertex correction), which ensures gauge invariance of the theory and local charge conservation in the system. The incorporation of the vertex corrections leads to an increase of the total intraband optical spectral weight (SW) at finite frequencies, a SW transfer from far infrared to mid infrared, a significant reduction of the SW of the superconducting condensate, and an amplification of characteristic features in the superconducting state spectra of the inverse scattering rate 1/tau. We also discuss the role of selfconsistency and propose a new interpretation of a kink occurring in the experimental low temperature spectra of 1/tau around 1000cm^{-1}.
description: 9 pages with 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review B
Multiple solutions for the $p-$laplace operator with critical growth
Creators: name: De Nápoli, Pablo L.
name: Bonder, Julián Fernández
name: Silva, Analía
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60; 35J20

description: In this note we show the existence of at least three nontrivial solutions to the following quasilinear elliptic equation $-Δ_p u = |u|^{p^*-2}u + λf(x,u)$ in a smooth bounded domain $Ω$ of $\R^N$ with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on $\partialΩ$, where $p^*=Np/(N-p)$ is the critical Sobolev exponent and $Δ_p u =div(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u)$ is the $p-$laplacian. The proof is based on variational arguments and the classical concentrated compactness method.
description: Results improved, hypotheses removed
Towards a microscopic theory of toroidal moments in bulk periodic crystals
Creators: name: Ederer, Claude
name: Spaldin, Nicola A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical analysis of magnetic toroidal moments in periodic systems, in the limit in which the toroidal moments are caused by a time and space reversal symmetry breaking arrangement of localized magnetic dipole moments. We summarize the basic definitions for finite systems and address the question of how to generalize these definitions to the bulk periodic case. We define the toroidization as the toroidal moment per unit cell volume, and we show that periodic boundary conditions lead to a multivaluedness of the toroidization, which suggests that only differences in toroidization are meaningful observable quantities. Our analysis bears strong analogy to the modern theory of electric polarization in bulk periodic systems, but we also point out some important differences between the two cases. We then discuss the instructive example of a one-dimensional chain of magnetic moments, and we show how to properly calculate changes of the toroidization for this system. Finally, we evaluate and discuss the toroidization (in the local dipole limit) of four important example materials: BaNiF_4, LiCoPO_4, GaFeO_3, and BiFeO_3.
description: replaced with final (published) version, which includes some changes in the text to improve the clarity of presentation
SuperIso v3.0: A program for calculating flavor physics observables in 2HDM and supersymmetry
Creators: name: Mahmoudi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe SuperIso v3.0 which is a public program for evaluation of flavor physics observables in the Standard Model (SM), general two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM), minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and next to minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). SuperIso v3.0, in addition to the branching ratio of B -> X_s gamma and the isospin asymmetry of B -> K* gamma, incorporates other flavor observables such as the branching ratio of B_s -> mu+ mu-, the branching ratio of B -> tau nu_tau, the branching ratio of B -> D tau nu_tau, the branching ratio of K -> mu nu_mu and the branching ratios of D_s -> tau nu_tau and D_s -> mu nu_mu. The calculation of the branching ratio of B -> X_s gamma is also improved, as it includes NNLO Standard Model contributions. The program also computes the muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2). Nine sample models are included in the package, namely SM, 2HDM, and mSUGRA, NUHM, AMSB and GMSB for the MSSM, and CNMSSM, NGMSB and NNUHM for the NMSSM. SuperIso uses a SUSY Les Houches Accord file (SLHA1 or SLHA2) as input, which can be either generated automatically by the program via a call to external spectrum calculators, or provided by the user. The calculation of the observables is detailed in the Appendices, where a suggestion for the allowed intervals for each observable is also provided.
description: 80 pages, 2 figures, 10 tables, v2: D_s decays to tau nu and mu nu added, v3: extension to general 2HDM and NMSSM. SuperIso can be obtained from http://superiso.in2p3.fr
Proper Motions in the Galactic Bulge: Plaut's Window
Creators: name: Vieira, Katherine
name: Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I.
name: Mendez, Rene A.
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Girard, Terrence M.
name: Korchagin, Vladimir I.
name: van Altena, William
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Bergh, Sidney van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proper motion study of a field of 20' x 20' inside Plaut's low extinction window (l,b)=(0 deg,-8 deg), has been completed. Relative proper motions and photographic BV photometry have been derived for ~21,000 stars reaching to V~20.5 mag, based on the astrometric reduction of 43 photographic plates, spanning over 21 years of epoch difference. Proper motion errors are typically 1 mas/yr and field dependent systematics are below 0.2 mas/yr. Cross-referencing with the 2MASS catalog yielded a sample of ~8,700 stars, from which predominantly disk and bulge subsamples were selected photometrically from the JH color-magnitude diagram. The two samples exhibited different proper-motion distributions, with the disk displaying the expected reflex solar motion as a function of magnitude. Galactic rotation was also detected for stars between ~2 and ~3 kpc from us. The bulge sample, represented by red giants, has an intrinsic proper motion dispersion of (sigma_l,sigma_b)=(3.39, 2.91)+/-(0.11,0.09) mas/yr, which is in good agreement with previous results, and indicates a velocity anisotropy consistent with either rotational broadening or tri-axiality. A mean distance of 6.37^{+0.87}_{-0.77} kpc has been estimated for the bulge sample, based on the observed K magnitude of the horizontal branch red clump. The metallicity [M/H] distribution was also obtained for a subsample of 60 bulge giants stars, based on calibrated photometric indices. The observed [M/H] shows a peak value at [M/H]~-0.1 with an extended metal poor tail and around 30% of the stars with supersolar metallicity. No change in proper motion dispersion was observed as a function of [M/H]. We are currently in the process of obtaining CCD UBVRI photometry for the entire proper-motion sample of ~21,000 stars.
description: Submitted to AJ April 17th 2007. Accepted June 8th 2007. 45 pages, 14 figures
Staeckel systems generating coupled KdV hierarchies and their finite-gap and rational solutions
Creators: name: Blaszak, Maciej
name: Marciniak, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to generate coupled KdV hierarchies from Staeckel separable systems of Benenti type. We further show that solutions of these Staeckel systems generate a large class of finite-gap and rational solutions of cKdV hierarchies. Most of these solutions are new.
description: 15 pages
Tidal dwarf galaxies as a test of fundamental physics
Creators: name: Gentile, G.
name: Famaey, B.
name: Combes, F.
name: Kroupa, P.
name: Zhao, H. S.
name: Tiret, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the cold dark matter (CDM) framework tidal dwarf galaxies (TDGs) cannot contain dark matter, so the recent results by Bournaud et al. (2007) that 3 rotating TDGs do show significant evidence for being dark matter dominated is inconsistent with the current concordance cosmological theory unless yet another dark matter component is postulated. We confirm that the TDG rotation curves are consistent with Newtonian dynamics only if either an additional dark matter component is postulated, or if all 3 TDGs happen to be viewed nearly edge-on, which is unlikely given the geometry of the tidal debris. We also find that the observed rotation curves are very naturally explained without any free parameters within the modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) framework if inclinations are adopted as derived by Bournaud et al. We explore different inclination angles and two different assumptions about the external field effect. The results do not change significantly, and we conclude therefore that Newtonian dynamics has severe problems while MOND does exceedingly well in explaining the observed rotation curves of the 3 TDGs studied by Bournaud et al.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters, 5 pages, 3 figures
Closed trajectories of a particle model on null curves in anti-de Sitter 3-space
Creators: name: Musso, Emilio
name: Nicolodi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58E10; 49F05

description: We study the existence of closed trajectories of a particle model on null curves in anti-de Sitter 3-space defined by a functional which is linear in the curvature of the particle path. Explicit expressions for the trajectories are found and the existence of infinitely many closed trajectories is proved.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Structural effects of ice grain surfaces on the hydrogenation of CO at low temperatures
Creators: name: Hidaka, H.
name: Miyauchi, N.
name: Kouchi, A.
name: Watanabe, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments on the hydrogenation of CO on crystalline and amorphous ice at 15 K were carried out to investigate the structural effects of the ice surface. The effective rate of H atom addition to CO on the amorphous ice was found to be larger than that on the crystalline ice, while CO depletion on crystalline ice became larger after long exposure.We demonstrated that the CO-coverage on the ice surfaces dominates the effective reaction rate rather than the surface structure. The larger depletion of CO on crystalline ice, as compared to amorphous ice, suggests easier desorption of CO and/or products by the heat of the reaction.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Thermal-radiation-induced nonequilibrium carriers in an intrinsic graphene
Creators: name: Romanets, P. N.
name: Vasko, F. T.
name: Strikha, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine an intrinsic graphene connected to the phonon thermostat at temperature T under irradiation of thermal photons with temperature T_r, other than T. The distribution of nonequilibrium electron-hole pairs was obtained for the cases of low and high concentration of carriers. For the case when the interparticle scattering is unessential, the distribution function is determined by the interplay of intraband relaxation of energy due to acoustic phonons and interband radiative transitions caused by the thermal radiation. When the Coulomb scattering dominates, then the quasi-equilibrium distribution with effective temperature and non-equilibrium concentration, determined through balance equations, is realized. Due to the effect of thermal radiation with temperature $T_r\neq T$ concentration and conductivity of carriers in graphene modify essentially. It is demonstrated, that at $T_r>T$ the negative interband absorption, caused by the inversion of carriers distribution, can occur, i.e. graphene can be unstable under thermal irradiation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Challenging the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Kaloper, Nemanja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We outline a dynamical dark energy scenario whose signatures may be simultaneously tested by astronomical observations and laboratory experiments. The dark energy is a field with slightly sub-gravitational couplings to matter, a logarithmic self-interaction potential with a scale tuned to $\sim 10^{-3} {\rm eV}$, as is usual in quintessence models, and an effective mass $m_ϕ$ influenced by the environmental energy density. Its forces may be suppressed just below the current bounds by the chameleon-like mimicry, whereby only outer layers of mass distributions, of thickness $1/m_ϕ$, give off appreciable long range forces. After inflation and reheating, the field is relativistic, and attains a Planckian expectation value before Hubble friction freezes it. This can make gravity in space slightly stronger than on Earth. During the matter era, interactions with nonrelativistic matter dig a minimum close to the Planck scale. However, due to its sub-gravitational matter couplings the field will linger away from this minimum until the matter energy density dips below $\sim 10^{-12} {\rm eV}^4$. Then it starts to roll to the minimum, driving a period of cosmic acceleration. Among the signatures of this scenario may be dark energy equation of state $w \ne -1$, stronger gravity in dilute mediums, that may influence BBN and appear as an excess of dark matter, and sub-millimeter corrections to Newton's law, close to the present laboratory limits.
description: 13 pages, 1 .eps figure, added references and comments
Additional file 1 of Radiology reporting in oncology—oncologists’ perspective
Creators: name: Spînu-Popa, Elisabeta Valeria
name: Cioni, Dania
name: Neri, Emanuele
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Lineshape Asymmetry for joint CPT and three photon N resonances
Creators: name: Hancox, C.
name: Hohensee, M.
name: Crescimanno, M.
name: Phillips, D. F.
name: Walsworth, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a characteristic two photon lineshape asymmetry arises in coherent population trapping (CPT) and three photon (N) resonances because both resonances are simultaneously induced by modulation sidebands in the interrogating laser light. The N resonance is a three-photon resonance in which a two-photon Raman excitation is combined with a resonant optical pumping field. This joint CPT and N resonance can be the dominant source of lineshape distortion, with direct relevance for the operation of miniaturized atomic frequency standards. We present the results of both an experimental study and theoretical treatment of the asymmetry of the joint CPT and N resonance under conditions typical to the operation of an N resonance clock.
description: Accepted for publication in Optics Letters, 5 pages
Exclusive $B --> π\ell^+ \ell^-$ and $B --> ρ\ell^+ \ell^-$ Decays in the Universal Extra Dimension
Creators: name: Bashiry, V.
name: Zeynali, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of the universal extra dimension on the branching ratio in the $B \to π(ρ) \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay. Taking $1/R\sim \{200-1000\}$GeV with one universal extra spatial dimension, which is consistent with the experimental data for ${\cal B}(B \to X_s γ) $, ${\cal B}(B \to K^\ast μ^+μ^- $) and the electroweak precision tests, we obtain that for both ($μ,τ$) channels the branching ratio strongly depends on the compactification radius 1/R.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Black hole radiation spectrum in LQG: Isolated Horizon framework
Creators: name: Diaz-Polo, Jacobo
name: Fernandez-Borja, Enrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent detailed analysis within the Loop Quantum Gravity calculation of black hole entropy shows a stair-like structure in the behavior of entropy as a function of horizon area. The non-trivial distribution of the degeneracy of the black hole horizon area eigenstates is at the origin of this behavior. This degeneracy distribution is analyzed and a phenomenological model is put forward to study the implications of this distribution in the black hole radiation spectrum. Some qualitative quantum effects are obtained within the isolated horizon framework. This result provides us with a possible observational test of this model for quantum black holes.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
High-statistics measurement of neutral-pion pair production in two-photon collisions
Creators: name: Belle Collaboration
name: Uehara, S.
name: Watanabe, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-statistics measurement of differential cross sections and the total cross section for the process gamma gamma -> pi^0 pi^0 in the kinematic range 0.6 GeV <= W <= 4.0 GeV and |cos theta*| <= 0.8, where W and theta* are the energy and pion scattering angle, respectively, in the gamma gamma center-of-mass system. Differential cross sections are fitted to obtain information on S, D_0, D_2, G_0 and G_2 waves. The G waves are important above W ~= 1.6 GeV. General behavior of partial waves is studied by fitting differential cross sections in a simple parameterization where amplitudes contain resonant contributions and smooth background. The D_2 wave is dominated by the f_2(1270) meson whose parameters are consistent with the with the current world averages. The D_0 wave contains a f_2(1270) component, whose fraction is fitted. For the S wave, the f_0(980) parameters are found to be consistent with the values determined from our recent pi^+ pi^- data. In addition to the f_0(980), the S wave prefers to have another resonance-like contribution whose parameters are obtained.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures
Photo-induced separation of chiral isomers in a classical buffer gas
Creators: name: Spivak, B.
name: Andreev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory of photo-induced drift of chiral molecules or small particles in classical buffer gases. In the absence of a magnetic field there exists a flux of chiral molecules, provided the electromagnetic field is circularly polarized. It has opposite signs for different chiral isomers. In the presence of a magnetic field the flux can be also induced by a linearly polarized (or unpolarized) electromagnetic field. The magnitude of the flux is not proportional to either linear or orbital momentum of the electromagnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
EOS: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer in Habitable Worlds with HELIOS
Creators: name: Simonetti, Paolo
name: Vladilo, Giovanni
name: Silva, Laura
name: Maris, Michele
name: Ivanovski, Stavro L.
name: Biasiotti, Lorenzo
name: Malik, Matej
name: von Hardenberg, Jost
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present EOS, a procedure for determining the Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) albedo for a wide range of conditions expected to be present in the atmospheres of rocky planets with temperate conditions. EOS is based on HELIOS and HELIOS-K, which are novel and publicly available atmospheric radiative transfer (RT) codes optimized for fast calculations with GPU processors. These codes were originally developed for the study of giant planets. In this paper we present an adaptation for applications to terrestrial-type, habitable planets, adding specific physical recipes for the gas opacity and vertical structure of the atmosphere. To test the reliability of the procedure we assessed the impact of changing line opacity profile, continuum opacity model, atmospheric lapse rate and tropopause position prescriptions on the OLR and the TOA albedo. The results obtained with EOS are in line with those of other RT codes running on traditional CPU processors, while being at least one order of magnitude faster. The adoption of OLR and TOA albedo data generated with EOS in a zonal and seasonal climate model correctly reproduce the fluxes of the present-day Earth measured by the CERES spacecraft. The results of this study disclose the possibility to incorporate fast RT calculations in climate models aimed at characterizing the atmospheres of habitable exoplanets.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Bubbles in the Self-Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: Izumi, Keisuke
name: Koyama, Kazuya
name: Pujolas, Oriol
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the issue of the stability in the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model, by considering the nucleation of bubbles of the conventional branch within the self-accelerating branch. We construct an instanton describing this process in the thin wall approximation. On one side of the bubble wall, the bulk consists of the exterior of the brane while on the other side it is the interior. The solution requires the presence of a 2-brane (the bubble wall) which induces the transition. However, we show that this instanton cannot be realized as the thin wall limit of any smooth solution. Once the bubble thickness is resolved, the equations of motion do not allow O(4) symmetric solutions joining the two branches. We conclude that the thin wall instanton is unphysical, and that one cannot have processes connecting the two branches, unless negative tension bubble walls are introduced. This also suggests that the self-accelerating branch does not decay into the conventional branch nucleating bubbles. We comment on other kinds of bubbles that could interpolate between the two branches.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Precise quark masses from sum rules
Creators: name: Steinhauser, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution an improved analysis is described to extract precise charm and bottom quark masses from experimental and theoretical moments of the photon polarization function. The obtained $\bar{\rm MS}$ mass values read $m_c(3 {GeV})=0.986(13)$ GeV and $m_b(10 {GeV})=3.609(25)$ GeV.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, to appear in the proceedings of the International Linear Collider Workshop LCWS07, Hamburg, 2007
Optimal Control to Limit the Spread of COVID-19 in Italy
Creators: name: Zaitri, Mohamed Abdelaziz
name: Bibi, Mohand Ouamer
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 49K15, 92D30

description: We apply optimal control theory to a generalized SEIR-type model. The proposed system has three controls, representing social distancing, preventive means, and treatment measures to combat the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyze such optimal control problem with respect to real data transmission in Italy. Our results show the appropriateness of the model, in particular with respect to the number of quarantined/hospitalized (confirmed and infected) and recovered individuals. Considering the Pontryagin controls, we show how in a perfect world one could have drastically diminish the number of susceptible, exposed, infected, quarantined/hospitalized, and death individuals, by increasing the population of insusceptible/protected.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is published by 'Kuwait Journal of Science' (KJS), ISSN 2307-4108 (print), ISSN 2307-4116 (online), available at [https://journalskuwait.org/kjs]
Additional file 1 of Health literacy and e-health literacy among Arabic-speaking migrants in Sweden: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Bergman, Lina
name: Nilsson, Ulrica
name: Dahlberg, Karuna
name: Jaensson, Maria
name: Wångdahl, Josefin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Alteration to the shallow-water tides and tidal asymmetry by tidal-stream
      turbines
Creators: name: Potter, Dan
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019
Subjects: tidal turbines
tidal current
tidal asymmetry
tidal energy

description: Tidal flow velocity asymmetry (FVA) plays a crucial role in residual
      sediment transport and has been shown to impact significantly on the
      amount of tidal energy that is technically extricable by tidal-stream
      turbines (TSTs). TSTs are known to alter tidal hydrodynamics locally, and
      large arrays of turbines do this on regional scales. However, less is
      known about the effect of TSTs on the FVA. This thesis explores changes to
      the FVA and therefore the shallow-water tidal constituents resulting from
      the deployment of TSTs. Numerical experiments in a uniform rectangular
      channel were undertaken, using the MIKE21 software package. The effects of
      single TSTs and multiple TSTs on tidal hydrodynamics were simulated, as
      well as those of a single TST on sediment transport. Flood-ebb asymmetry
      in the spatial distribution of current attenuation by the turbines altered
      the FVA. The overall attenuation of the current led to predictable changes
      in the total available tidal energy per tidal cycle, and the gross volume
      of sediment transported. The attenuation of the current by the TSTs was of
      greater importance to these aspects of the environment than any changes to
      the FVA that they caused. Changes in the FVA led to changes in the
      flood-ebb asymmetry of the available power, and the net volume of sediment
      transported, and were of far greater importance than the overall
      attenuation of the current in these respects. Multiple turbines deployed
      in a line along the channel, such that their areas of effect overlapped,
      had an additive effect on the FVA. When deployed as a row across the
      channel width, the total area affected by the turbines remained similar to
      that of a single turbine, so long as an inter-turbine spacing of at least
      three turbine diameters was maintained.
Cephennium tensum Assing 2021
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium tensum

description: Cephennium tensum group
This lineage includes two Iberian species characterized by a small and weakly convex (cross-section) body of pale-reddish to reddish colouration, slender habitus, eyes without ommatidia, apically weakly curved male protibiae, and a conspicuously slender aedeagus with indistinct internal structures and with very long and slender parameres with a very long apical seta.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on page 920, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
Evolution Patterns of the Peak Energy in the GRB Prompt Emission
Creators: name: Gao, Hao-Xuan
name: Geng, Jin-Jun
name: Huang, Yong-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are two different evolution patterns of the peak energy ($E_\text{p}$) exhibited during the prompt emission phase of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), i.e., hard-to-soft and intensity-tracking, of which the physical origin remains unknown. Except for low-energy indices of GRB prompt spectra, the evolution patterns of $E_\text{p}$ may be another crucial indicator to discriminate radiation mechanisms (e.g., synchrotron or photosphere) for GRBs. We explore the parameter space to find conditions that could generate different evolution patterns of the peak energy in the framework of synchrotron radiation. We have developed a code to calculate the synchrotron emission from a simplified shell numerically, considering three cooling processes (synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and adiabatic) of electrons, the effect of decaying magnetic field, the effect of the bulk acceleration of the emitting shell, and the effect of a variable source function that describes electrons accelerated in the emitting region. After exploring the parameter space of the GRB synchrotron scenario, we find that the intensity-tracking pattern of $E_\text{p}$ could be achieved in two situations. One is that the cooling process of electrons is dominated by adiabatic cooling or SSC+adiabatic cooling at the same time. The other is that the emitting region is under acceleration in addition to the cooling process being dominated by SSC cooling. Otherwise, hard-to-soft patterns of $E_\text{p}$ are normally expected. Moreover, a chromatic intensity-tracking pattern of $E_\text{p}$ could be induced by the effect of a variable source function.
description: 15 pages, 23 figures, 3 tables, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Multiple shooting for training neural differential equations on time series
Creators: name: Turan, Evren Mert
name: Jäschke, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural differential equations have recently emerged as a flexible data-driven/hybrid approach to model time-series data. This work experimentally demonstrates that if the data contains oscillations, then standard fitting of a neural differential equation may result in a flattened out trajectory that fails to describe the data. We then introduce the multiple shooting method and present successful demonstrations of this method for the fitting of a neural differential equation to two datasets (synthetic and experimental) that the standard approach fails to fit. Constraints introduced by multiple shooting can be satisfied using a penalty or augmented Lagrangian method.
description: in IEEE Control Systems Letters
Threshold for Chaos and Thermalization in One-Dimensional Mean-Field Bose-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Cassidy, Amy C.
name: Mason, Douglas
name: Dunjko, Vanja
name: Olshanii, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the threshold for chaos and its relation to thermalization in the 1D mean-field Bose-Hubbard model, which in particular describes atoms in optical lattices. We identify the threshold for chaos, which is finite in the thermodynamic limit, and show that it is indeed a precursor of thermalization. Far above the threshold, the state of the system after relaxation is governed by the usual laws of statistical mechanics.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, published version
Cephennium tensum Assing 2021, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium tensum

description: Cephennium tensum nov.sp. (Figs 10, 50, Map 1)
Type material: Holotype ♂: "E – Alicante [08], 380 m, Sierra de Aitana, Sella stream valley, floated, 38°36'37N, 00°15'25W, 28.III.2007, C. Andújar / Holotypus ♂ Cephennium tensum sp. n. det. V. Assing 2020" (cAss). Paratypes: 2♀♀: same data as holotype (cAss); 1♂ [strongly damaged, but aedeagus intact], 1♀: "E – Alicante, S. d'Aitana, Fuente de Alcantara 380 m, 38°36'37N, 00°15'25W, leg. Andujar 28.3.2007 " (cAss).
Etymology: The specific epithet is the past participle of the Latin verb tendere (to stretch) and alludes to the conspicuously long aedeagus.
Description: Body length 1.0- 1.1 mm. Habitus (Fig. 10) slender, body rather weakly convex in cross-section. Colouration yellowish-red.
Eyes rudimentary, transparent, without defined ommatidia. Antenna with antennomeres VI and VIII small and strongly transverse, IX and X nearly twice as broad as long, and XI barely 1.5 times as long as broad.
Pronotum approximately 1.15 times as broad as long and weakly convex in crosssection; punctation dense and extremely fine, barely noticeable; interstices without microsculpture.
Elytra slender and weakly convex in cross-section, broader than pronotum, anteriorly each with a rather large, subcircular, tomentose impression; humeral carina moderately distinct, approximately as long as the combined length of the basal four antennomeres; punctation extremely fine, barely noticeable; interstices without microsculpture.
♂: protibia weakly curved apically, not distinctly excavate or flattened on inner face; meso- and metatibiae weakly flattened on inner face of apical portion; aedeagus (Fig. 50) of conspicuous shape, very long in relation to body size, approximately 0.5 mm long; ventral process narrow from base to apex and with nearly parallel lateral margins, apically weakly concave; internal structures indistinct; parameres long, slender, straight, and with conspicuously long apical seta.
Comparative notes: Cephennium tensum is readily distinguished from other anophthalmous congeners by the highly distinctive shape of the aedeagus.
Distribution and natural history: Thetypelocalityissituated in Sierra de Aitana, Alicante, Southeast Spain (Map 1). The specimens were collected by washing sandy soil from a slope with vegetation of grasses and herbs in a stream valley at an altitude of 380 m.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on pages 920-921, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
Additional file 1 of Gender disparities among medical students choosing to pursue careers in medical research: a secondary cross-sectional cohort analysis
Creators: name: Snyder, Austin
name: Xiang, David
name: Smith, Alison
name: Esswein, Shannon
name: Toubat, Omar
name: Di Capua, John
name: Kwan, Jennifer M.
name: Daye, Dania
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1.
Equilibrium configurations of two charged masses in General Relativity
Creators: name: Alekseev, G. A.
name: Belinski, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An asymptotically flat static solution of Einstein-Maxwell equations which describes the field of two non-extreme Reissner - Nordström sources in equilibrium is presented. It is expressed in terms of physical parameters of the sources (their masses, charges and separating distance). Very simple analytical forms were found for the solution as well as for the equilibrium condition which guarantees the absence of any struts on the symmetry axis. This condition shows that the equilibrium is not possible for two black holes or for two naked singularities. However, in the case when one of the sources is a black hole and another one is a naked singularity, the equilibrium is possible at some distance separating the sources. It is interesting that for appropriately chosen parameters even a Schwarzschild black hole together with a naked singularity can be "suspended" freely in the superposition of their fields.
description: 4 pages; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Big-bang nucleosynthesis and the relic abundance of dark matter in a stau-neutralino coannihilation scenario
Creators: name: Jittoh, Toshifumi
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Koike, Masafumi
name: Sato, Joe
name: Shimomura, Takashi
name: Yamanaka, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scenario of the Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis is analyzed within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model which is consistent with a stau-neutralino coannihilation scenario to explain the relic abundance of dark matter. We find that we can account for the possible descrepancy of the abundance of $\mathrm{^{7}Li}$ between the observation and the prediction of the Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis by taking the mass of the neutralino as $300 \mathrm{GeV}$ and the mass difference between the stau and the neutralino as $(100 -- 120) MeV$. We can therefore simultaneously explain the abundance of the dark matter and that of $\mathrm{^{7}Li}$ by these values of parameters. The lifetime of staus in this scenario is predicted to be $O(100 -- 1000) sec$.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Strong mass segregation around a massive black hole
Creators: name: Alexander, Tal
name: Hopman, Clovis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the mass-segregation solution for the steady state distribution of stars around a massive black hole (MBH) has two branches: the known weak segregation solution (Bahcall & Wolf 1977), and a newly discovered strong segregation solution, presented here. The nature of the solution depends on the heavy-to-light stellar mass ratio M_H/M_L and on the unbound population number ratio N_H/N_L, through the relaxational coupling parameter Δ=4 N_H M_H^2 /[N_L M_L^2(3+M_H/M_L)]. When the heavy stars are relatively common (Δ>>1), they scatter frequently on each other. This efficient self-coupling leads to weak mass segregation, where the stars form n \propto r^{-α_M} mass-dependent cusps near the MBH, with indices α_H=7/4 for the heavy stars and 3/2
description: 8 pp, 5 figs, ApJ submitted
Additional file 1 of Predicted transmembrane proteins with homology to Mef(A) are not responsible for complementing mef(A) deletion in the mef(A)–msr(D) macrolide efflux system in Streptococcus pneumoniae
Creators: name: Fox, Valeria
name: Santoro, Francesco
name: Pozzi, Gianni
name: Iannelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Oligonucleotides primer used to construct the isogenic deletion mutants.
Coherence of velocity fluctuations in turbulent flows
Creators: name: Prabhudesai, G.
name: Perrard, S.
name: Pétrélis, F.
name: Fauve, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spatio-temporal quantity of coherence for turbulent velocity fluctuations at spatial distances of the order or larger than the integral length scale $l_{0}$. Using controlled laboratory experiments, an exponential decay as a function of distance is observed with a decay rate which depends on the flow properties. The same law is observed in two different flows indicating that it can be a generic property of turbulent flows.
Lynx D3.4 Intermediate information retrieval and recommender services
Creators: name: Khvalchik, Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: search and retrieval services, recommender service, question answering, semantic similarity

description: The Lynx project aims at facilitating cross-border compliance for European enterprises. This requires the gathering of relevant regulations, case laws, best practices and standards, and their provision through accessible means, which enable end users (in the form of law firms, in-house lawyers, SMEs and the general public) to find answers to their regulatory related needs with ease. In order to provide such accessible means, the Lynx partners had brought together their technical expertise in the fields of Information Extraction, Semantic Web, Knowledge Management, and Document Management, to create an integrated solution.

An essential part of the solution provided by Lynx is the automatic analysis of documents in order to facilitate their discovery and retrieval by the end user. These analyses have three primary objectives:

	To extract information contained within the documents that is relevant to user queries.
	To put documents in context, in terms of relations they hold to other documents.
	To make documents accessible in different languages.

In order to realize these objectives, Work Package 3 serves to develop a series of services that extract various types of information from the documents, and store the information in a well-organized, standards-compliant knowledge graph, which we call the Legal Knowledge Graph (LKG). This LKG will contain not only information about these documents, but also information extracted from them, as well as general knowledge from the compliance domain, in the form of controlled vocabularies.

The services that are reported in this deliverable are Information Retrieval and Recommender Services. Search service provides a lookup through all the corpora and retrieves related documents corresponding to a given query. Question Answering takes in a natural language question and returns the most promising answer. Semantic Similarity service adds extra knowledge that is useful for the applications mentioned above.

Being an intermediate report, not all of the services have been fully implemented. However, large amounts of work have been done in the standardization of the service architecture, deployment procedure and data interchange format. Furthermore, demonstration implementations are available for most of the services listed here, which are being used to test interoperability among them. Finally, some of these services are the result of ongoing research, and thus their initial version is already an innovation success.
Limits on primordial power spectrum resolution: An inflationary flow analysis
Creators: name: Powell, Brian A.
name: Kinney, William H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ability of current CMB data to reliably constrain the form of the primordial power spectrum generated during inflation. We attempt to identify more exotic power spectra that yield equally good fits to the data as simple power-law spectra. In order to test a wide variety of spectral shapes, we combine the flow formalism, which is a method of stochastic model generation, with a numerical integration of the mode equations of quantum fluctuations. This allows us to handle inflation models that yield spectra that are not well described by the standard spectral parameterization. Using the latest WMAP data-set, we find a high degree of variation in possible spectral shapes. In particular, we find strongly running spectra arising from fast-rolling inflaton fields providing equally good fits to the data as power-law spectra arising from slowly-rolling fields. Current data poorly constrains the spectrum on scales (k < 0.01 h{\rm Mpc}^{-1}), where the error due to cosmic variance is large. Among the statistically degenerate models, we identify spectra with strong running on these larger scales, but with reduced running at smaller scales. These models predict values for the tensor-to-scalar ratio, (r), that lie outside the 2-(σ) confidence interval obtained from SDSS+WMAP data for spectra that are parametrized as power-laws or spectra with constant running. By considering more generalized power spectra, we therefore open up regions of parameter space excluded for simpler models.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. The flow code used in this paper is available at http://www.physics.buffalo.edu/whkinney/flowcode. References added, version accepted by JCAP
mRAT-SQL+GAP:A Portuguese Text-to-SQL Transformer
Creators: name: José, Marcelo Archanjo
name: Cozman, Fabio Gagliardi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; H.3.3
subject: 68T07, 68T50

description: The translation of natural language questions to SQL queries has attracted growing attention, in particular in connection with transformers and similar language models. A large number of techniques are geared towards the English language; in this work, we thus investigated translation to SQL when input questions are given in the Portuguese language. To do so, we properly adapted state-of-the-art tools and resources. We changed the RAT-SQL+GAP system by relying on a multilingual BART model (we report tests with other language models), and we produced a translated version of the Spider dataset. Our experiments expose interesting phenomena that arise when non-English languages are targeted; in particular, it is better to train with original and translated training datasets together, even if a single target language is desired. This multilingual BART model fine-tuned with a double-size training dataset (English and Portuguese) achieved 83% of the baseline, making inferences for the Portuguese test dataset. This investigation can help other researchers to produce results in Machine Learning in a language different from English. Our multilingual ready version of RAT-SQL+GAP and the data are available, open-sourced as mRAT-SQL+GAP at: https://github.com/C4AI/gap-text2sql
description: Published in: Intelligent Systems. BRACIS 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science