cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Benchmarks for the New-Physics Search through CP Violation in B^0->pi^0 K_S
Creators: name: Fleischer, Robert
name: Jager, Sebastian
name: Pirjol, Dan
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using isospin relations, we predict the Standard-Model correlation between S_{pi^0 K_S}=(sin 2beta)_{pi^0 K_S} and A_{pi^0 K_S}, the mixing-induced and direct CP asymmetries of B^0-> pi^0 K_S. The calculation uses flavour SU(3) only to fix the isospin-3/2 amplitude through the B^\pm->pi^\pm pi^0 branching ratio, and thus has a small irreducible theoretical error. It can reach percent level precision thanks to expected future lattice-QCD progress for the calculation of the relevant SU(3)-breaking form-factor ratio, and serves as a benchmark for new-physics searches. We obtain an interesting picture in the A_{pi^0 K_S} - S_{pi^0 K_S} plane, where the current experimental data show a discrepancy with the Standard Model, and comment on the direct CP asymmetries of B^0->pi^-K^+ and B^+ -> pi^0 K^+. A modified electroweak penguin with a large new CP-violating phase can explain the discrepancy and allows us to accommodate also the corresponding data for other b->s penguin-dominated decays.
description: 4+1 pages, 7 figures, update to ICHEP08 data, to appear as Rapid Communication in Physical Review D
Charged domain boundaries stabilized by translational symmetry breaking in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca$_{3-x}$Sr$_x$Ti$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Nakajima, Hiroshi
name: Kurushima, Kosuke
name: Mine, Shinya
name: Tsukasaki, Hirofumi
name: Matsuoka, Masaya
name: Gao, Bin
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
name: Mori, Shigeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged domain walls and boundaries in ferroelectric materials display distinct phenomena, such as an increased conductivity due to the accumulation of bound charges. Here, we report the electron microscopy observations of atomic-scale arrangements at charged domain boundaries in the hybrid improper ferroelectric Ca$_{2.46}$Sr$_{0.54}$Ti$_2$O$_7$. Like in the prototype improper ferroelectric YMnO$_3$, we find that charged domain boundaries in Ca$_{2.46}$Sr$_{0.54}$Ti$_2$O$_7$ correspond to out-of-phase boundaries, which separate adjacent domains with a fractional translational shift of the unit cell. In addition, our results show that strontium ions are located at charged domain boundaries. The out-of-phase boundary structure may decrease the polarization charge at the boundary because of the ferrielectric nature of Ca$_{2.46}$Sr$_{0.54}$Ti$_2$O$_7$, thereby promoting the stabilization of the charged state. By combining atomic-resolution imaging and density-functional theory calculations, this study proposes an unexplored stabilization mechanism of charged domain boundaries and structural defects accompanying out-of-phase translational shifts.
Nuclear matter and neutron matter for improved quark mass density- dependent model with $ρ$ mesons
Creators: name: Wu, Chen
name: Su, Ru-Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new improved quark mass density-dependent model including u, d quarks, $σ$ mesons, $ω$ mesons and $ρ$ mesons is presented. Employing this model, the properties of nuclear matter, neutron matter and neutron star are studied. We find that it can describe above properties successfully. The results given by the new improved quark mass density- dependent model and by the quark meson coupling model are compared.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
title: An investigation into the barriers experienced by mature students in developing mathematical competence and how such barriers may be reduced or removed.
Creators: name: Morgan, John Winstone
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2025

description: This investigation explores various approaches to assist mature students in reducing their mathematics anxiety. It aims to overcome barriers to developing mathematical competence, whilst also improving the students’ mathematical resilience and attainment. The research answers three key questions: 

1. What is the extent of mathematics anxiety in adults returning to education, 
2. What is the teacher’s role in helping adult returning learners overcome anxiety; and 
3. How can effective teaching strategies and interventions be developed to help improve teaching and learning of mathematics for these learners.

I used action research as my main methodology with a mixed methods approach that included surveys, semi-structured individual, and group interviews to map students’ progress on their individual mathematical journeys. I developed and used interventions that were based on the literature reviewed and used the results of surveys and interviews. These included before and after polls to measure the effect of the
Aggregation of Residential Water Heaters for Peak Shifting and Frequency Response Services
Creators: Thomas Clarke
Tylor Slay
Conrad Eustis
and Robert B. Bass
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of aggregated electric water heaters for providing two ancillary services: peak shifting and frequency response.
The increased penetration of renewable energy resources poses challenges for grid stability. The stochastic generation of solar and wind power cannot be controlled to follow load. And, the transition away from synchronous generators is reducing the capacity to arrest and recover from frequency disturbances. Smart electric water heaters provide utilities with an appliance that can be remotely controlled and serve as a form of energy storage. They have very fast response times and make up a large amount of residential energy consumption, making them useful for load peak shifting as well as other ancillary grid services. As smart appliances become increasingly widespread, more and more devices can be brought into the utility control network and aggregated into a flexible resource on a multi-megawatt scale. This paper demonstrates the usefulness of aggregated electric water heaters for providing two ancillary services: peak shifting and frequency response. Because a large number of assets are required, emulators are developed based on observations of real devices. Emulated water heaters are then connected to an energy resource aggregator using an internet-of-things network. The aggregator uses these assets to shift consumption away from peak hours and for detecting upward frequency disturbances.
Optimal designs for mixed models in experiments based on ordered units
Creators: name: Majumdar, Dibyen
name: Stufken, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62K05 (Primary) 62K10 (Secondary)

description: We consider experiments for comparing treatments using units that are ordered linearly over time or space within blocks. In addition to the block effect, we assume that a trend effect influences the response. The latter is modeled as a smooth component plus a random term that captures departures from the smooth trend. The model is flexible enough to cover a variety of situations; for instance, most of the effects may be either random or fixed. The information matrix for a design will be a function of several variance parameters. While data will shed light on the values of these parameters, at the design stage, they are unlikely to be known, so we suggest a maximin approach, in which a minimal information matrix is maximized. We derive maximin universally optimal designs and study their robustness. These designs are based on semibalanced arrays. Special cases correspond to results available in the literature.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS518 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Prime numbers in logarithmic intervals
Creators: name: Bazzanella, D.
name: Languasco, A.
name: Zaccagnini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N05, 11A41

description: Let $X$ be a large parameter. We will first give a new estimate for the integral moments of primes in short intervals of the type $(p,p+h]$, where $p\leq X$ is a prime number and $h=\odi{X}$. Then we will apply this to prove that for every $λ>1/2$ there exists a positive proportion of primes $p\leq X$ such that the interval $(p,p+ λ\log X]$ contains at least a prime number. As a consequence we improve Cheer and Goldston's result on the size of real numbers $λ>1$ with the property that there is a positive proportion of integers $m\leq X$ such that the interval $(m,m+ λ\log X]$ contains no primes. We also prove other results concerning the moments of the gaps between consecutive primes and about the positive proportion of integers $m\leq X$ such that the interval $(m,m+ λ\log X]$ contains at least a prime number. The last application of these techniques are two theorems (the first one unconditional and the second one in which we assume the validity of the Riemann Hypothesis and of a form of the Montgomery pair correlation conjecture) on the positive proportion of primes $p\leq X$ such that the interval $(p,p+ λ\log X]$ contains no primes.
description: 17 pages
Finitely semisimple spherical categories and modular categories are self-dual
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Hendryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 16W30; 18D10

description: We show that every essentially small finitely semisimple k-linear additive spherical category in which k=End(1) is a field, is equivalent to its dual over the long canonical forgetful functor. This includes the special case of modular categories. In order to prove this result, we show that the universal coend of the spherical category with respect to the long forgetful functor is self-dual as a Weak Hopf Algebra.
description: 42 pages; LaTeX with xypic macros; v2: typos corrected
MBRS : Enhancing Robustness of DNN-based Watermarking by Mini-Batch of Real and Simulated JPEG Compression
Creators: name: Jia, Zhaoyang
name: Fang, Han
name: Zhang, Weiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Based on the powerful feature extraction ability of deep learning architecture, recently, deep-learning based watermarking algorithms have been widely studied. The basic framework of such algorithm is the auto-encoder like end-to-end architecture with an encoder, a noise layer and a decoder. The key to guarantee robustness is the adversarial training with the differential noise layer. However, we found that none of the existing framework can well ensure the robustness against JPEG compression, which is non-differential but is an essential and important image processing operation. To address such limitations, we proposed a novel end-to-end training architecture, which utilizes Mini-Batch of Real and Simulated JPEG compression (MBRS) to enhance the JPEG robustness. Precisely, for different mini-batches, we randomly choose one of real JPEG, simulated JPEG and noise-free layer as the noise layer. Besides, we suggest to utilize the Squeeze-and-Excitation blocks which can learn better feature in embedding and extracting stage, and propose a "message processor" to expand the message in a more appreciate way. Meanwhile, to improve the robustness against crop attack, we propose an additive diffusion block into the network. The extensive experimental results have demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed scheme compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Under the JPEG compression with quality factor Q=50, our models achieve a bit error rate less than 0.01% for extracted messages, with PSNR larger than 36 for the encoded images, which shows the well-enhanced robustness against JPEG attack. Besides, under many other distortions such as Gaussian filter, crop, cropout and dropout, the proposed framework also obtains strong robustness. The code implemented by PyTorch \cite{2011torch7} is avaiable in https://github.com/jzyustc/MBRS.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, received by ACM MM'21
Panel Session on Biological Effects of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields
Creators: Biological Effects of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields Working Group
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 1986

The paper presented in this special publication discuss the complex subject of magnetic and electric field interactions with biological systems. The emphasis of the presentation is on magnetic fields. The last panel session sponsored by the Working Group was focused on electric field panel session was well received, with the only salient criticism being the lack of prepared papers for distribution. This special publication has been prepared in advance of this panel session in response to that constructive criticism.
The paper presented in this special publication discuss the complex subject of magnetic and electric field interactions with biological systems. The emphasis of the presentation is on magnetic fields. The last panel session sponsored by the Working Group was focused on electric field panel session was well received, with the only salient criticism being the lack of prepared papers for distribution. This special publication has been prepared in advance of this panel session in response to that constructive criticism.
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect and vortex lattices
Creators: name: Iordanski, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that all observed fractions at moderate Landau level fillings for the quantum Hall effect can be obtained without recourse to the phenomenological concept of composite fermions. The possibility to have the special topologically nontrivial many-electron wave functions is considered. Their group classification indicates the special values of of electron density in the ground states separated by a gap from excited states.
Transient obscuration event captured in NGC~3227 II. Warm absorbers and obscuration events in archival XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations
Creators: name: Wang, Yijun
name: Kaastra, Jelle
name: Mehdipour, Missagh
name: Mao, Junjie
name: Costantini, Elisa
name: Kriss, Gerard A.
name: Pinto, Ciro
name: Ponti, Gabriele
name: Behar, Ehud
name: Bianchi, Stefano
name: Branduardi-Raymont, Graziella
name: De Marco, Barbara
name: Grafton-Waters, Sam
name: Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
name: Ebrero, Jacobo
name: Walton, Dominic James
name: Kaspi, Shai
name: Xue, Yongquan
name: Paltani, Stéphane
name: di Gesu, Laura
name: He, Zhicheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between warm absorber (WA) outflows of AGN and nuclear obscuration activities caused by optically-thick clouds (obscurers) crossing the line of sight is unclear. NGC 3227 is a suitable target to study the properties of both WAs and obscurers, because it matches the following selection criteria: WAs in both ultraviolet (UV) and X-rays, suitably variable, bright in UV and X-rays, good archival spectra for comparing with the obscured spectra. To investigate WAs and obscurers of NGC~3227, we used a broadband spectral-energy-distribution model built in our Paper I and the photoionization code of SPEX software to fit archival XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations in 2006 and 2016. Using unobscured observations, we find four WAs with different ionization states (log$ξ$ [erg cm/s]~-1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0). The highest-ionization WA has a higher hydrogen column density (~$10^{22}$/cm$^2$) than the other three WAs (~$10^{21}$/cm$^2$). Their outflow velocities range from 100 to 1300 km/s, and show a positive correlation with the ionization parameter. These WAs are estimated to be between the outer broad-line-region (BLR) and the narrow line region. Besides, we find an X-ray obscuration event in 2006, which was missed by previous studies. It can be explained by a single obscurer. We also study the previously published obscuration event in 2016, which needs two obscurers in the fit. A high-ionization obscurer (log$ξ$~2.80; covering factor $C_f$~30%) only appears in 2016, which has a high column density (~$10^{23}$/cm$^2$). A low-ionization obscurer (log$ξ$~1.0-1.9; $C_f$~20%-50%) exists in both 2006 and 2016, which has a lower column density (~$10^{22}$/cm$^2$). These obscurers are estimated to be in the BLR by their crossing time of transverse motions. The obscurers and WAs of NGC 3227 have different distances and number densities, which indicate that they might have different origins.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables; accepted by A&A
Efficient Monte Carlo algorithm in quasi-one-dimensional Ising spin systems
Creators: name: Nakamura, Tota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm, which accelerates slow Monte Carlo dynamics in quasi-one-dimensional Ising spin systems. The loop algorithm of the quantum Monte Carlo method is applied to the classical spin models with highly anisotropic exchange interactions. Both correlation time and real CPU time are reduced drastically. The algorithm is demonstrated in the layered triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic Ising model. We have obtained the relation between the transition temperature and the exchange interaction parameters, which modifies the result of the chain-mean-field theory.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The development of a geriatric assessment instrument for long term care facilities
Creators: name: Buchan, Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of the study was to design a reliable and valid assessment instrument that would provide a multidimensional profile of the elderly resident of a long term care facility. Use of this instrument would be a method of collecting and corrmunicating information concerning the full range of problems experienced by this group, in a form that is suitable for use at different levels of decisionmaking. The instrument consists of 31 unweighted items measuring functioning in 5 essential areas - cognitive, physical, emotional, social, and instrumental. Ratings were based on the observations of long term care staff who were in close contact with the individual over extended periods. Reliability and validity were tested using a non random sample of 76 elderly residents of one extended care unit. Both test-retest and interjudge reliability proved to be high and item analysis indicated that, with the exception of 2 items, the instrument provides levels of functioning appropriate to the sample population. The instrument also showed a high degree of internal consistency with the 3 major components identified as - cognitive behaviour, independence in daily living, and physical functioning. The validity of the instrument and its subsections was demonstrated through significant relationships with external criteria, namely - the number of problems listed on the multidisciplinary problem-oriented record, a health index measure, and a mental status rating. Further evidence of the instrument's validity was its ability to predict, retrospectively, 72 percent of the sample deaths in the first year following admission. Although only a preliminary form of analysis, this showed that a high level of mental functioning, combined with a low level of independence in daily living, was predictive of death within 3 to 9 months in the sample population. The implications of these results are discussed along with suggestions for further research in the area. Finally, potential uses for the assessment instrument in the field of long term care are provided.
A constant of motion for ideal grain growth in three dimensions
Creators: name: Eren, Erdem
name: Mason, Jeremy Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most metallic and ceramic materials are comprised of a space-filling collection of crystalline grains separated by grain boundaries. While this grain structure has been studied for more than a century, there few rigorous results regarding its global properties available in the literature. We present a new, rigorous result for three-dimensional grain structures that relates the integral of the Gaussian curvature over the grain boundaries to the numbers of grains and quadruple junctions. The result is numerically verified for a grain structure consisting of periodic truncated octahedra.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Composite quantile regression and the oracle Model Selection Theory
Creators: name: Zou, Hui
name: Yuan, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62J05 (Primary) 62J07 (Secondary)

description: Coefficient estimation and variable selection in multiple linear regression is routinely done in the (penalized) least squares (LS) framework. The concept of model selection oracle introduced by Fan and Li [J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 96 (2001) 1348--1360] characterizes the optimal behavior of a model selection procedure. However, the least-squares oracle theory breaks down if the error variance is infinite. In the current paper we propose a new regression method called composite quantile regression (CQR). We show that the oracle model selection theory using the CQR oracle works beautifully even when the error variance is infinite. We develop a new oracular procedure to achieve the optimal properties of the CQR oracle. When the error variance is finite, CQR still enjoys great advantages in terms of estimation efficiency. We show that the relative efficiency of CQR compared to the least squares is greater than 70% regardless the error distribution. Moreover, CQR could be much more efficient and sometimes arbitrarily more efficient than the least squares. The same conclusions hold when comparing a CQR-oracular estimator with a LS-oracular estimator.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AOS507 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
A critical note on one-eighth law in 2D turbulence
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sagar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We critically revisit the various attempts to prove one eighth law in 2D turbulence and reconcile them. Herein, the one-eight law has been proved for unforced 2D incompressible high Reynolds number turbulence. An exact expression of the time derivative of two-point second order velocity correlation function is also derived for the enstrophy cascade dominated regime.
QCD with two flavors of Wilson fermions: The QCD vacuum, the Aoki vacuum and other vacua
Creators: name: Azcoiti, V.
name: Di Carlo, G.
name: Vaquero, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the vacuum structure of QCD with two flavors of Wilson fermions. We derive two possible scenarios: (i) If the spectral density $ρ_U(λ,κ)$ of the overlap hamiltonian in a fixed background gauge field is not symmetric in $λ$, Hermiticity is violated and Hermiticity violation effects could influence numerical determinations of the $η$ meson mass if we are not near enough to the continuum limit, where Hermiticity should be recovered; (ii) otherwise we argue that, under certain assumptions, new phases appear beside the Aoki phase, which can be characterized by a nonvanishing vacuum expectation value of $i\barψ_uγ_5ψ_u+i\barψ_dγ_5ψ_d$, and with vacuum states that cannot be connected with the Aoki vacua by parity-flavor symmetry transformations. Quenched numerical simulations suggest that the second scenario is more likely realized.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Physical Review D1
Experimental investigation of thermal boundary layers and associated heat loss for transient engine-relevant processes using HRCARS and phosphor thermometry
Creators: name: Ojo, Anthony O.
name: Escofet-Martin, David
name: Collins, Joshua
name: Falconetti, Gabriele
name: Peterson, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Design of efficient, downsized piston engines requires an understanding of transient wall heat losses. Measurements of the spatially and temporally evolving thermal boundary layer (TBL) are required to facilitate this knowledge. This work takes advantage of hybrid fs/ps rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (HRCARS) to measure single-shot, wall-normal gas temperatures, which provide exclusive access to the TBL. Phosphor thermometry is used to measure wall temperature. Experiments are performed in a fixed-volume chamber that operates with a transient pressure rise/decay to simulate engine-relevant compression/expansion events. This simplified environment is conducive for fundamental BL studies associated with engine-relevant processes. The TBL development and corresponding heat losses are evaluated within two engine-relevant regimes: (1) an unburned-gas regime comprised of gaseous compression and (2) a burned-gas regime, which includes high-temperature compression/expansion processes. The time-history of important BL quantities such as gas / wall temperatures, TBL thickness, wall heat flux, and relative energy lost at the wall are evaluated in these regimes. During the mild compression, Tcore increases by 30K and a TBL is initiated with δT ~ 200 μm. Wall heat fluxes remain below 6 kW/m2, but corresponds to ~6% energy loss per ms. In the burned-gas regime, Tcore resembles adiabatic flame temperatures, while Twall increases by 16K. A TBL rapidly develops as δT increases from 290-730 μm. Energy losses in excess of 25% occur after flame impingement and slowly decay to ~10% at the end of expansion. Measurements also resolve thermal mixing of fresh- and burned gases during expansion, which yield strong temperature reversals in the TBL. Findings are compared to canonical environments and demonstrate the transient TBL nature during engine-relevant processes.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures (at end of document)
Colored extrinsic fluctuations and stochastic gene expression
Creators: name: Shahrezaei, Vahid
name: Ollivier, Julien F
name: Swain, Peter S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Stochasticity is both exploited and controlled by cells. Although the intrinsic stochasticity inherent in biochemistry is relatively well understood, cellular variation, or 'noise', is predominantly generated by interactions of the system of interest with other stochastic systems in the cell or its environment. Such extrinsic fluctuations are nonspecific, affecting many system components, and have a substantial lifetime, comparable to the cell cycle (they are 'colored'). Here, we extend the standard stochastic simulation algorithm to include extrinsic fluctuations. We show that these fluctuations affect mean protein numbers and intrinsic noise, can speed up typical network response times, and can explain trends in high-throughput measurements of variation. If extrinsic fluctuations in two components of the network are correlated, they may combine constructively (amplifying each other) or destructively (attenuating each other). Consequently, we predict that incoherent feedforward loops attenuate stochasticity, while coherent feedforwards amplify it. Our results demonstrate that both the timescales of extrinsic fluctuations and their nonspecificity substantially affect the function and performance of biochemical networks.
description: 16 pages and 5 figures
Power System Restoration
Creators: Power System Restoration Working Group
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 1993

The IEEE Power System Restoration Working Group (SRWG) is concerned with the development and dissemination of technical information for planning and operator training in the context of meeting restoration requirements. This special report consists of reprints of IEEE Transactions of Power Systems (T-PWRS) papers written by invited by the SWRG, a list of SRWG members papers in other IEEE Publications, and a bibliography of IEEE Transactions papers of interest related to power system restoration.
The IEEE Power System Restoration Working Group (SRWG) is concerned with the development and dissemination of technical information for planning and operator training in the context of meeting restoration requirements. This special report consists of reprints of IEEE Transactions of Power Systems (T-PWRS) papers written by invited by the SWRG, a list of SRWG members papers in other IEEE Publications, and a bibliography of IEEE Transactions papers of interest related to power system restoration.
Log-Poisson Hierarchical Clustering of Cosmic Neutral Hydrogen and Ly-alpha Transmitted Flux of QSO Absorption Spectrum
Creators: name: Lu, Yi
name: Chu, Yao-Quan
name: Fang, Li-Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: we study, in this paper, the non-Gaussian features of the mass density field of neutral hydrogen fluid and the Ly-alpha transmitted flux of QSO absorption spectrum from the point-of-view of self-similar log-Poisson hierarchy. It has been shown recently that, in the scale range from the onset of nonlinear evolution to dissipation, the velocity and mass density fields of cosmic baryon fluid are extremely well described by the She-Leveque's scaling formula, which is due to the log-Poisson hierarchical cascade. Since the mass density ratio between ionized hydrogen to total hydrogen is not uniform in space, the mass density field of neutral hydrogen component is not given by a similar mapping of total baryon fluid. Nevertheless, we show, with hydrodynamic simulation samples of the concordance $Λ$CDM universe, that the mass density field of neutral hydrogen, is also well described by the log-Poisson hierarchy. We then investigate the field of Ly$α$ transmitted flux of QSO absorption spectrum. Due to redshift distortion, Ly$α$ transmitted flux fluctuations are no longer to show all features of the log-Poisson hierarchy. However, some non-Gaussian features predicted by the log-Poisson hierarchy are not affected by the redshift distortion. We test these predictions with the high resolution and high S/N data of quasars Ly$α$ absorption spectra. All results given by real data, including $β$-hierarchy, high order moments and scale-scale correlation, are found to be well consistent with the log-Poisson hierarchy. We compare the log-Poisson hierarchy with the popular log-normal model of the Ly$α$ transmitted flux. The later is found to yield too strong non-Gaussianity at high orders, while the log-Poisson hierarchy is in agreement with observed data.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted by ApJ
A Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Uniform Light-induced Vector Potential
Creators: name: Lin, Y. -J.
name: Compton, R. L.
name: Perry, A. R.
name: Phillips, W. D.
name: Porto, J. V.
name: Spielman, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a two-photon dressing field to create an effective vector gauge potential for Bose-condensed Rb atoms in the F=1 hyperfine ground state. The dressed states in this Raman field are spin and momentum superpositions, and we adiabatically load the atoms into the lowest energy dressed state. The effective Hamiltonian of these neutral atoms is like that of charged particles in a uniform magnetic vector potential, whose magnitude is set by the strength and detuning of Raman coupling. The spin and momentum decomposition of the dressed states reveals the strength of the effective vector potential, and our measurements agree quantitatively with a simple single-particle model. While the uniform effective vector potential described here corresponds to zero magnetic field, our technique can be extended to non-uniform vector potentials, giving non-zero effective magnetic fields.
description: 5 pages, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Modeling and Analysis of System Transients Using Digital Programs (1998) ? PDF
Creators: IEEE Working Group 15.08.09
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 1998

1. INTRODUCTION This document is written in order to provide guide lines for the modeling of power system apparatus for use in time - domain solution of electromagnetic transient phenomenon. This publication has been arranged in the following eight (8) parts.
Part 1: Background
Part 2: Power Electronics
Part 3: Slow Transients
Part 4: Switching Transients
Part 5: Fast Front Transients
Part 6: Very Fast Front Transients
Part 7: Protection And Control
Part 8: Bibliography
A general statement of each area is as follows. 1.1 BACKGROUND This section presents a comprehensive summary of the background and state of the art for the transient solutions, representation of control systems, and modeling of power system components. 1.2 POWER ELECTRONICS The guideline presents the basic issues that are critical for successfully modeling of power electronics devices and the interface between power electronics and the utility or industrial system. Modeling aspects are presented for simulation of the semiconductor switching devices, power electronics system, snubber treatment, and simulation errors and control. A number of simulation examples, including FACTS modeling, are presented. 1.3 SLOW TRANSIENTS Modeling guidelines are presented for investigations of small signal torsional oscillations, large -signal shaft transient stresses, turbine -blade vibrations, fast bus transfer, controller interactions, harmonics interaction, and resonance phenomena. Sample test systems and simulation results are provided.
1. INTRODUCTION This document is written in order to provide guide lines for the modeling of power system apparatus for use in time - domain solution of electromagnetic transient phenomenon. This publication has been arranged in the following eight (8) parts.
Part 1: Background
Part 2: Power Electronics
Part 3: Slow Transients
Part 4: Switching Transients
Part 5: Fast Front Transients
Part 6: Very Fast Front Transients
Part 7: Protection And Control
Part 8: Bibliography
A general statement of each area is as follows. 1.1 BACKGROUND This section presents a comprehensive summary of the background and state of the art for the transient solutions, representation of control systems, and modeling of power system components. 1.2 POWER ELECTRONICS The guideline presents the basic issues that are critical for successfully modeling of power electronics devices and the interface between power electronics and the utility or industrial system. Modeling aspects are presented for simulation of the semiconductor switching devices, power electronics system, snubber treatment, and simulation errors and control. A number of simulation examples, including FACTS modeling, are presented. 1.3 SLOW TRANSIENTS Modeling guidelines are presented for investigations of small signal torsional oscillations, large -signal shaft transient stresses, turbine -blade vibrations, fast bus transfer, controller interactions, harmonics interaction, and resonance phenomena. Sample test systems and simulation results are provided.
IEEE Tutorial Course Optimal Power Flow: Solution Techniques, Requirements, and Challenges (1996) ? PDF
Creators: OPERATING ECONOMICS WORKING GROUP
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 1996

The OPF problem was defined in the early 1960's as an extension of conventional economic dispatch to determine the optimal settings for control variables in a power network respecting various constraints. OPF is a static constrained nonlinear optimization problem, whose development has followed closely advances in numerical optimization techniques and computer technology. Commercially available OPF software can solve very large and complex formulations in relatively short time. Download Full Version
The OPF problem was defined in the early 1960's as an extension of conventional economic dispatch to determine the optimal settings for control variables in a power network respecting various constraints. OPF is a static constrained nonlinear optimization problem, whose development has followed closely advances in numerical optimization techniques and computer technology. Commercially available OPF software can solve very large and complex formulations in relatively short time. Download Full Version
The Protective Relay IED In The Automation World
Creators: William J. Ackerman
Consultant
John Popiak
ABB
Inc.
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2003

William J. Ackerman, Consultant John Popiak, ABB, Inc. BACKGROUND The primary function of protective relays is simply to do that; protect power system circuits, generators, transformers, etc. With advancing capabilities of protective relays, now being referred to as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), the addition of this functionality MUST NOT compromise protection. As the IED information is required by larger parts of the utility infrastructure, lED performance (timeliness and reliability of this data) will become paramount to the optimal operation of the power system. The communications design in most IEDs has evolved as the information requirements have increased. Being on the forefront of the substation automation explosion and the capabilities Utility Communication Architecture (UCA 2.0) affords, product design and implementation must treat the automation requirements equal to that of the system protective abilities. Since most of today's products did not anticipate the information requirements, the communications are lower priority relative to the protective relay functions and had not been part of the original product architecture. Most protective relays use three basic approaches to fulfill the information requirements: localized, command interpreter, or data sharing:
William J. Ackerman, Consultant John Popiak, ABB, Inc. BACKGROUND The primary function of protective relays is simply to do that; protect power system circuits, generators, transformers, etc. With advancing capabilities of protective relays, now being referred to as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), the addition of this functionality MUST NOT compromise protection. As the IED information is required by larger parts of the utility infrastructure, lED performance (timeliness and reliability of this data) will become paramount to the optimal operation of the power system. The communications design in most IEDs has evolved as the information requirements have increased. Being on the forefront of the substation automation explosion and the capabilities Utility Communication Architecture (UCA 2.0) affords, product design and implementation must treat the automation requirements equal to that of the system protective abilities. Since most of today's products did not anticipate the information requirements, the communications are lower priority relative to the protective relay functions and had not been part of the original product architecture. Most protective relays use three basic approaches to fulfill the information requirements: localized, command interpreter, or data sharing:
Adaptive estimation of and oracle inequalities for probability densities and characteristic functions
Creators: name: Efromovich, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G05 (Primary) 62G20 (Secondary)

description: The theory of adaptive estimation and oracle inequalities for the case of Gaussian-shift--finite-interval experiments has made significant progress in recent years. In particular, sharp-minimax adaptive estimators and exact exponential-type oracle inequalities have been suggested for a vast set of functions including analytic and Sobolev with any positive index as well as for Efromovich--Pinsker and Stein blockwise-shrinkage estimators. Is it possible to obtain similar results for a more interesting applied problem of density estimation and/or the dual problem of characteristic function estimation? The answer is ``yes.'' In particular, the obtained results include exact exponential-type oracle inequalities which allow to consider, for the first time in the literature, a simultaneous sharp-minimax estimation of Sobolev densities with any positive index (not necessarily larger than 1/2), infinitely differentiable densities (including analytic, entire and stable), as well as of not absolutely integrable characteristic functions. The same adaptive estimator is also rate minimax over a familiar class of distributions with bounded spectrum where the density and the characteristic function can be estimated with the parametric rate.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053607000000965 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Reconciling interoperability with efficient Verification and Validation within open source simulation environments
Creators: name: Sinisi, Stefano
name: Alimguzhin, Vadim
name: Mancini, Toni
name: Tronci, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) comprises physical as well as software subsystems. Simulation-based approaches are typically used to support design and Verification and Validation (V&V) of CPSs in several domains such as: aerospace, defence, automotive, smart grid and healthcare. Accordingly, many simulation-based tools are available, and this poses huge interoperability challenges. To overcome them, in 2010 the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) was proposed as an open standard to support both Model Exchange (ME) and Co-Simulation (CS). Models adhering to such a standard are called Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs). FMUs play an essential role in defining complex CPSs through, e.g., the SSP standard. Simulation-based V&V of CPSs typically requires exploring different scenarios (i.e., exogenous CPS input sequences), many of them showing a shared prefix. Accordingly, the simulator state at the end of a shared prefix is saved and then restored and used as a start state for the simulation of the next scenario. In this context, an important FMI feature is the capability to save and restore the internal FMU state on demand. Unfortunately, the implementation of this feature is not mandatory and it is available only within some commercial software. This motivates developing such a feature for open-source CPS simulation environments. In this paper, we focus on JModelica, an open-source modelling and simulation environment for CPSs defined in the Modelica language. We describe how we have endowed JModelica with our open-source implementation of the FMI 2.0 functions to save and restore internal states of FMUs for ME. Furthermore, we present results evaluating, through 934 benchmark models, correctness and efficiency of our extended JModelica. Our results show that simulation-based V&V is, on average, 22 times faster with our get/set functionality than without it.
description: Abridged abstract. This article is 29 pages long
Physics potential of future supernova neutrino observations
Creators: name: Dighe, Amol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out possible features of neutrino spectra from a future galactic core collapse supernova that will enhance our understanding of neutrino mixing as well as supernova astrophysics. We describe the neutrino flavor conversions inside the star, emphasizing the role of "collective effects" that has been appreciated and understood only very recently. These collective effects change the traditional predictions of flavor conversion substantially, and enable the identification of neutrino mixing scenarios through signatures like Earth matter effects.
description: 8 pages, uses jpconf.cls. Talk given at Neutrino 2008, Christchurch, NZ. Some entries in Table 2 have been corrected
Construct validation of a tool for measuring job satisfaction for nurses
Creators: name: Faris, M. Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the construct validity of the Index of Work Satisfaction developed by Slavitt and others (1978) to measure job satisfaction for nurses. Based upon need satisfaction theories, the scale contained seven subscales which were believed to explain job satisfaction. A global satisfaction level item was added in an attempt to obtain a separate measure of the dependent variable. A review of the literature revealed that a valid tool for measuring nurses' job satisfaction does not presently exist. The instrument was modified, pilot-tested for reliability and after a second phase of modification, was administered to a volunteer sample of 177 staff nurses representing several hospital and community work settings. Multiple regression and discriminant function analyses were performed on the data, and the results of these analyses were interpreted in terms of the construct validity of the job satisfaction scale. Results indicated that the scale is highly reliable, and that three of the subscales explained approximately 30 percent of the variance in the scores on the global satisfaction measure of job satisfaction. High intercorrelation of the subscales with each other and with the total scores hindered the interpretation of the variance in the total scores explained by each of the significant variables. The results of the analyses suggest that the high reliability of this version of the tool makes it a psychometrically useful measurement of job satisfaction for nurses, to the extent that job satisfaction is comprised of the seven components contained in the scale. Regarding its construct validity, there is conclusive evidence that the linear additive model of job satisfaction on which the instrument is based does not allow a complete view of the construct. Whether the three significant predictors of the total score, Professional Status, Administration, and Interaction, are part of one broader construct, or whether they interact in some unique way, could not be determined because of the multicollinearity problem. A major difficulty throughout the study was the lack of a reliable alternate measure of the criterion. The global satisfaction item responses did not correlate highly with the total test scores, and this self-report, Likert-type item would be subject to the same response bias as the questionnaire itself. Apart from the demonstration that the Professional Status, Administration, and Interaction components appear to contribute to the measurement of the construct, the study failed to gather evidence in support of the construct validity of the modified Slavitt scale. It can be concluded, therefore, that the scale 'reliably measures some aspects of job satisfaction for nurses, but one cannot state with confidence that it actually measures the complex attitude which comprises the construct "job satisfaction." Recommendations have been made for appropriate use of the tool and for further construct validation studies.