cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cozie Apple: An iOS mobile and smartwatch application for environmental quality satisfaction and physiological data collection
Creators: name: Tartarini, Federico
name: Frei, Mario
name: Schiavon, Stefano
name: Chua, Yun Xuan
name: Miller, Clayton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collecting feedback from people in indoor and outdoor environments is traditionally challenging and complex in a reliable, longitudinal, and non-intrusive way. This paper introduces Cozie Apple, an open-source mobile and smartwatch application for iOS devices. This platform allows people to complete a watch-based micro-survey and provide real-time feedback about environmental conditions via their Apple Watch. It leverages the inbuilt sensors of a smartwatch to collect physiological (e.g., heart rate, activity) and environmental (sound level) data. This paper outlines data collected from 48 research participants who used the platform to report perceptions of urban-scale environmental comfort (noise and thermal) and contextual factors such as who they were with and what activity they were doing. The results of 2,400 micro-surveys across various urban settings are illustrated in this paper showing the variability of noise-related distractions, thermal comfort, and associated context. The results show people experience at least a little noise distraction 58% of the time, with people talking being the most common reason (46%). This effort is novel due to its focus on spatial and temporal scalability and collection of noise, distraction, and associated contextual information. These data set the stage for larger deployments, deeper analysis, and more helpful prediction models toward better understanding the occupants' needs and perceptions. These innovations could result in real-time control signals to building systems or nudges for people to change their behavior.
description: Accepted at the CISBAT 2023 The Built Environment in Transition, Hybrid International Conference, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 13-15 September 2023
Thermoelectric properties of finite graphene antidot lattices
Creators: name: Gunst, Tue
name: Markussen, Troels
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
name: Brandbyge, Mads
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present calculations of the electronic and thermal transport properties of graphene antidot lattices with a finite length along the transport direction. The calculations are based on a single orbital tight-binding model and the Brenner potential. We show that both electronic and thermal transport properties converge fast toward the bulk limit with increasing length of the lattice: only a few repetitions (~6) of the fundamental unit cell are required to recover the electronic band gap of the infinite lattice as a transport gap for the finite lattice. We investigate how different antidot shapes and sizes affect the thermoelectric properties. The resulting thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, can exceed 0.25, and it is highly sensitive to the atomic arrangement of the antidot edges. Specifically, hexagonal holes with pure zigzag edges lead to an order-of-magnitude smaller ZT as compared to pure armchair edges. We explain this behavior as a consequence of the localization of states, which predominantly occurs for zigzag edges, and of an increased splitting of the electronic minibands, which reduces the power factor.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Increased risk of chronic fatigue and hair loss following COVID-19 in individuals with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Creators: name: Hennig, Verena
name: Schuh, Wolfgang
name: Neubert, Antje
name: Mielenz, Dirk
name: Jäck, Hans-Martin
name: Schneider, Holm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 spike-blocking antibodies in the sera of HED patients using the SUBA assay (Schuh et al., 2021). In brief, 96-well plates were coated with recombinant human ACE2. Spike-expressing Ramos cells (Rsp cells) were then allowed to attach to ACE2 in the absence or presence of sera containing spike-binding and -blocking antibodies. Bound Rsp cells were then fixed and stained with crystal violet. Crystal violet staining was quantified using a spectrophotometer. Data are presented as mean % Rsp cell binding of triplicates relative to control (Rsp cells in the absence of serum or blocking antibodies). A serum sample which reduced Rsp cell binding to less than 50% was defined as “serum with spike-blocking antibodies”.
Recovery Time between Multiple Mild Photothrombotic Strokes Affects Brain Damage
Creators: name: Deng, Qinbo
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Psychology--Experimental
subject: Animal Model
subject: Recurrent Stroke
subject: Transient Ischemic Attack
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
subject: Apparent Diffusion Coeficient
subject: T2-weighted Imaging
subject: Diffusion-weighted Imaging
subject: Perfusion-weighted Imaging
subject: Scattered Necrosis
subject: Cerebral Blood Flow

description: Prior to stroke, patients often experience a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke with a high recurrence within the first week. The initial episode of ischemia, traditionally considered to causing little permanent damage to brain, is poorly understood for its role in subsequent ischemic events. We hypothesized that despite functional recovery following TIA/minor stroke, there can be sparse tissue damage that alters the brain response to a secondary mild stroke, with the final tissue fate being dependent on the recovery time between recurrent strokes. Thus, the first objective of this thesis was to establish a rat model of TIA/minor stroke using modifications of a phothothrombotic (PT) occlusion of the cerebral microvasculature. The effect of varied light intensities and illumination durations were examined on the severity of stroke. Multiple sequences (T2, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), Perfusion Weighted Imaging) of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were performed to evaluate the tissue damage. We found that a 5-min illumination at approximate 35,000 Lux of light intensity was optimal to produce a mild tissue damage associated with a transient ischemia measured by Laser-Doppler Flowmetry. The T2 signatures measured at 24h were good predictors of graded ischemic injury confirmed by histology. Compared with ADC measures, T2 provided a better diagnosis of mild damage (scattered necrosis). The second objective was to use this modified PT model to produce a recurrent stroke and to investigate if the outcome differed depending on the interval between insults – i.e. 1day, 2days, 3days and 1week. Using this novel model, we demonstrated that a mild recurrent stroke produced more deleterious injury with acute intervals (1 day to 3 day) than a subacute one (1week). This enhancement of damage was characterized by an increase of T2 and a decrease of perfusion. In contrast, the 1week interval produced tissue damage similar to a single mild stroke, associated with similar changes of MR. Together, our finding revealed a temporal change of brain susceptibility to ischemia, implying the importance of early treatment after TIA/minor stroke for reduction of damage with stroke recurrence.
Scrambling Transition in a Radiative Random Unitary Circuit
Creators: name: Weinstein, Zack
name: Kelly, Shane P.
name: Marino, Jamir
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum information scrambling in a random unitary circuit that exchanges qubits with an environment at a rate $p$. As a result, initially localized quantum information not only spreads within the system, but also spills into the environment. Using the out-of-time-order correlator (OTOC) to characterize scrambling, we find a nonequilibrium phase transition in the directed percolation universality class at a critical swap rate $p_c$: for $p < p_c$ the ensemble-averaged OTOC exhibits ballistic growth with a tunable light cone velocity, while for $p > p_c$ the OTOC fails to percolate within the system and vanishes uniformly within a finite timescale, indicating that all local operators are rapidly swapped into the environment. To elucidate its information-theoretic consequences, we demonstrate that the transition in operator spreading coincides with a transition in an observer's ability to decode the system's initial quantum information from the swapped-out, or "radiated," qubits. We present a simple decoding scheme which recovers the system's initial information with perfect fidelity in the nonpercolating phase, and with continuously decreasing fidelity with decreasing swap rate in the percolating phase. Depending on the initial state of the swapped-in qubits, we further observe a corresponding entanglement transition in the coherent information from the system into the radiated qubits.
description: 7+13 pages, 2+6 figures; v2: published version, improved clarity, modified references
Payments for ecosystem services and farm household behaviour : the case of carbon in Mozambique’s agroforests
Creators: name: Ravi, Hegde
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Payments-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) projects are being developed worldwide to address environmental and economic issues simultaneously. This thesis describes research concerning a PES project in Nhambita Community in Mozambique, where a small agro-forestry based carbon sequestration project is being implemented. The central research question is: Do economic incentives to smallholder farmers result in improved ecosystem services provision and improved household welfare measured by cash income and consumption? Questionnaire-based quarterly household surveys were the main source of data. Data was collected from 290 randomly selected households by eight enumerators who were trained in administering questionnaires in the local language (Sena). The thesis consists of six chapters, two of which are an introduction and conclusion. The remaining four chapters are prepared as manuscripts: the first assesses the contribution of environmental resources to the household economy; the second investigates the miombo woodlands’ use as household safety net against adverse income shocks, using conditional logit analysis; the third investigates socio-economic factors influencing household participation in the PES project, using 3-stage estimation; and, the fourth and final evaluates the impact of the PES-project on household cash income, consumption, forest use and agricultural production, using propensity score matching. It further examines whether there was any discrimination in the flow of benefits, using decomposition analysis. The key results are as follows. 1) Poorer households used miombo resources for subsistence, while richer households used the same for cash income. 2) Women headed households, which had lower level of cash income, used the woodland resources to the same level as did the male headed households. 3) Use of wild products from miombo woodlands was one of the shock coping strategies. 4) Participation in PES-project was influenced by education of household head, length of residence in the community, extent of trust among community members and percentage of cash income derived from sale of forest products. 5) PES-participant households earned higher amount of cash income, had higher consumption and harvested lesser amount of crops, than they would have had they not participated in the project. 6). There were biases in the flow of benefits in favour of richer and male headed households.
Additional file 1 of Multi-locus sequence analyses reveal a clonal L. borgpetersenii genotype in a heterogeneous invasive Rattus spp. community across the City of Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: Moseley, Mark
name: Naidoo, Kovashnee
name: Bastos, Armanda
name: Retief, Liezl
name: Frean, John
name: Telfer, Sandra
name: Rossouw, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification zones for South Africa at 0.0083° resolution. Johannesburg falls within the Cwb bioclimatic zone, characterised by dry, cold winters and warm, wet summers and Cape Town falls within the Csb zone, characterised by wet winters and warm summers.
Integrated Environmental Policy in Alberta
Creators: name: Budny, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Public Administration
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: environmental policy
subject: Governance
subject: natural resource management
subject: sustainable development
subject: Integration
subject: environmental planning
subject: institutional change

description: Sustainable development necessitates integration of economic, social and environmental sectors and policies to address contemporary complex environmental problems. This thesis examines efforts by the Government of Alberta to replace its silo-based natural resource policy system with an integrated system. Transition to an integrated system requires political will and institutional change to relinquish pre-existing policy elements that have historically thwarted policy reform efforts. An analytical framework was derived and applied to identify facilitating or inhibiting factors to evaluate the viability of implementing integrated environmental policy in Alberta. Results indicate reform efforts in Alberta have historically been subject to political clientelistic arrangements, but convergence of interests amongst key players, in response to criticisms levied against Alberta’s resource-based economy, has enabled the Government of Alberta to increase integration through institutional change to promote the goals of sustainable development.
A Generic Model Architecture For Perceptual Grouping
Creators: name: Kubilius, Jonas
name: Wagemans, Johan
name: Op de Beeck, Hans P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: image segmentation
perceptual organization
Gestalt

description: Gestalt grouping principles provide important cues for organizing visual inputs into coherent percepts. While a number of models for each grouping principle have been proposed, a unifying architecture that would flexibly incorporate all of them is still lacking. Moreover, many of these models operate in mathematical terms, rendering them unsuitable for a wider testing on real input images. Here we present a generic biologically plausible unsupervised architecture, which we term gmin (https://github.com/qbilius/gmin), geared towards a unified implementation of the grouping principles. The model operates by extracting a certain feature of interest from an input image (e.g., edges) and selecting maximally informative units to decrease computational load; then it proceeds to iteratively compute grouping strength between all pairs of units and update informative unit selection using a particular grouping principle (e.g., good continuation). This process is repeated for all features of interest. Finally, a segmentation of an image into (provisional) objects is provided by an unsupervised learning procedure on the computed grouping strengths, such as clustering or belief propagation. We illustrate the validity and the general usefulness of our approach by testing it on a few very different grouping displays. Using the cues of proximity, good continuation, or orientation similarity, we were able to obtain a satisfying model performance on the classic Gestalt displays of dot lattices, contour integration, and texture segregation.
A New Algorithm For The Generation Of Unitarity-Compatible Integration By Parts Relations
Creators: name: Schabinger, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many multi-loop calculations make use of integration by parts relations to reduce the large number of complicated Feynman integrals that arise in such calculations to a simpler basis of master integrals. Recently, Gluza, Kajda, and Kosower argued that the reduction to master integrals is complicated by the presence of integrals with doubled propagator denominators in the integration by parts relations and they introduced a novel reduction procedure which eliminates all such integrals from the start. Their approach has the advantage that it automatically produces integral bases which mesh well with generalized unitarity. The heart of their procedure is an algorithm which utilizes the weighty machinery of computational commutative algebra to produce complete sets of unitarity-compatible integration by parts relations. In this paper, we propose a conceptually simpler algorithm for the generation of complete sets of unitarity-compatible integration by parts relations based on recent results in the mathematical literature. A striking feature of our algorithm is that it can be described entirely in terms of straightforward linear algebra.
description: 20 pages; My apologies to Krzysztof Kajda for misspelling his name in v1; in v3: the labeling of the variables in (4.5) and eqs. (4.20) and (4.21) was adjusted to match the notation used in the rest of Section 4. I thank York Schroeder for pointing out the notational inconsistency
Using Variscan Metasediments as an EGS Reservoir on a European Scale – Preliminary Stages of Outcrop Analogue Characterisation
Creators: name: Ford, Katherine
name: Leiss, Bernd
name: Wagner, Bianca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Horizon 2020
Variscan
metasediments
EGS
outcrop analogue

description: The MEET (Multidisciplinary and multi-context demonstration of Enhanced Geothermal Systems exploration and Exploitation Techniques and potentials) aims to explore and bring about this potential in Variscan crystalline and metasedimentary reservoirs. This project will focus on the conversion of the University of Göttingen’s natural gas power plant, into a geothermal power plant to supply the district heating, focusing on the structural model of the reservoir.
 Through investigative surveys, the target horizon has been identified as Variscan metasediments (meta-greywackes, slates and quartzites) contained in the Variscan fold and thrust belt. which has been locally overprinted by younger tectonics related to the Leinetal Graben system. Suitable outcrop analogues can be found in from the Rhenish Massif to the Harz Mountains (explain harz was chosen). Through intensive field campaigns and photogrammetry sessions the potential reservoir rocks will be characterised to eventually create a 3D structural model of the reservoir beneath Göttingen campus. From this structural model, general conceptual reservoir models will be created.
 The preliminary research presented shows the first stages of the characterisation of one of the chosen outcrop areas located in the Western Harz and the planned future work flow for the building of the structural model. Due to the complexity of the deformation, a heavy focus has been put on the fold and thrust structures and how these affect fracture network characteristics such as density and topology. This includes the initial structural field data and preliminary interpretations of the fold structures of the outcrop through digital methods. Throughout this presented work I aim to address the next steps in creating a detailed structural model of the Variscan metasediments as seen in the Harz Mountains.
Acanthopagrus Peters 1855
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal
name: Amir, Shabir Ali
name: Masroor, Rafaqat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Sparidae
Acanthopagrus

description: Genus Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855
Peters, 1855: 428–466.
 Diagnosis. Body deep and compressed, head large. Mouth slightly oblique. Dorsal fin spines strong, normally graduate, not filamentous. Front of both jaws with 4–6 conical teeth, followed by 3–5 rows of rounded molariform teeth; no single enlarged molar posteriorly. Preopercular flange and interorbital naked. Less than 5 scale rows between 5th dorsal-fin spine base to lateral line. Anal-fin spine strong, 2nd spine usually longer than 3rd spine. Twenty valid species, 4 in Pakistani waters.
description: Published as part of Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal, Amir, Shabir Ali & Masroor, Rafaqat, 2014, The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records, pp. 71-100 in Zootaxa 3857 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/228181
Additional file 2 of Multi-locus sequence analyses reveal a clonal L. borgpetersenii genotype in a heterogeneous invasive Rattus spp. community across the City of Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: Moseley, Mark
name: Naidoo, Kovashnee
name: Bastos, Armanda
name: Retief, Liezl
name: Frean, John
name: Telfer, Sandra
name: Rossouw, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. The prevalence of Leptospira infection in Rattus spp. in the seven administrative regions of the City of Johannesburg and in R. norvegicus tested during a leptospirosis outbreak investigation in the City of Cape Town. Figure S2. The spatial distribution of regional prevalence across the seven administrative regions of the City of Johannesburg. Region F, where only three animals were tested is excluded from the analysis
Additional file 3 of Multi-locus sequence analyses reveal a clonal L. borgpetersenii genotype in a heterogeneous invasive Rattus spp. community across the City of Johannesburg, South Africa
Creators: name: Moseley, Mark
name: Naidoo, Kovashnee
name: Bastos, Armanda
name: Retief, Liezl
name: Frean, John
name: Telfer, Sandra
name: Rossouw, Jennifer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. borgpetersenii lfb1 sequences (167 bp) implemented using the Jukes-Cantor evolutionary model. Figure S4. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. borgpetersenii secY sequences (433bp) implemented using the Jukes-Cantor evolutionary model. Figure S5. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. borgpetersenii lipL41 sequences (594 bp) implemented using the Jukes-Cantor evolutionary model. Figure S6. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. interrogans lfb1 sequences (261 bp) implemented using the Jukes-Cantor substitution model. Figure S7. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. interrogans secY sequences (433 bp) implemented using the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano evolutionary model (4) substitution model. Figure S8. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. interrogans MST1 sequences (174 bp) implemented using the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano evolutionary model (4) substitution model. Figure S9. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. interrogans MST3 sequences (220 bp) implemented using the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano evolutionary model (4) with a gamma distribution (4 categories). Figure S10. Maximum clade credibility tree based on L. interrogans MST9 sequences (204 bp) implemented using the Jukes-Cantor evolutionary model.
Grammatical Error Correction: A Survey of the State of the Art
Creators: name: Bryant, Christopher
name: Yuan, Zheng
name: Qorib, Muhammad Reza
name: Cao, Hannan
name: Ng, Hwee Tou
name: Briscoe, Ted
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) is the task of automatically detecting and correcting errors in text. The task not only includes the correction of grammatical errors, such as missing prepositions and mismatched subject-verb agreement, but also orthographic and semantic errors, such as misspellings and word choice errors respectively. The field has seen significant progress in the last decade, motivated in part by a series of five shared tasks, which drove the development of rule-based methods, statistical classifiers, statistical machine translation, and finally neural machine translation systems which represent the current dominant state of the art. In this survey paper, we condense the field into a single article and first outline some of the linguistic challenges of the task, introduce the most popular datasets that are available to researchers (for both English and other languages), and summarise the various methods and techniques that have been developed with a particular focus on artificial error generation. We next describe the many different approaches to evaluation as well as concerns surrounding metric reliability, especially in relation to subjective human judgements, before concluding with an overview of recent progress and suggestions for future work and remaining challenges. We hope that this survey will serve as comprehensive resource for researchers who are new to the field or who want to be kept apprised of recent developments.
Tunneling in double barrier junctions with 'hot spots'
Creators: name: Herranz, D.
name: Aliev, F. G.
name: Tiusan, C.
name: Hehn, M.
name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Barnas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electronic transport in epitaxial Fe(100)/MgO/Fe/MgO/Fe double magnetic tunnel junctions with soft barrier breakdown (hot spots). Specificity of these junctions are continious middle layer and Nitrogen doping of the MgO barriers which provides soft breakdown at biases about 0.5V. In the junctions with hot spots we observe quasi-periodic changes in the resistance as a function of bias voltage which point out formation of quantum well states in the middle Fe continuous free layer. The room-temperature oscillations have been observed in both parallel and antiparallel magnetic configurations and for both bias polarizations. A simple model of tunneling through hot spots in the double barrier magnetic junction is proposed to explain qualitatively this effect.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Very High Resolution Solar X-ray Imaging Using Diffractive Optics
Creators: name: Dennis, B. R.
name: Skinner, G. K.
name: Li, M. J.
name: Shih, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the development of X-ray diffractive optics for imaging solar flares with better than 0.1 arcsec angular resolution. X-ray images with this resolution of the \geq10 MK plasma in solar active regions and solar flares would allow the cross-sectional area of magnetic loops to be resolved and the coronal flare energy release region itself to be probed. The objective of this work is to obtain X-ray images in the iron-line complex at 6.7 keV observed during solar flares with an angular resolution as fine as 0.1 arcsec - over an order of magnitude finer than is now possible. This line emission is from highly ionized iron atoms, primarily Fe xxv, in the hottest flare plasma at temperatures in excess of \approx10 MK. It provides information on the flare morphology, the iron abundance, and the distribution of the hot plasma. Studying how this plasma is heated to such high temperatures in such short times during solar flares is of critical importance in understanding these powerful transient events, one of the major objectives of solar physics. We describe the design, fabrication, and testing of phase zone plate X-ray lenses with focal lengths of \approx100 m at these energies that would be capable of achieving these objectives. We show how such lenses could be included on a two-spacecraft formation-flying mission with the lenses on the spacecraft closest to the Sun and an X-ray imaging array on the second spacecraft in the focal plane \approx100 m away. High resolution X-ray images could be obtained when the two spacecraft are aligned with the region of interest on the Sun. Requirements and constraints for the control of the two spacecraft are discussed together with the overall feasibility of such a formation-flying mission.
title: Ontologies4Chem - Lessons Learned
title: Domain Experts Need Easier Tooling to Work with Ontologies
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hunold, Johannes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This presentation was held at the 2nd Ontologies4Chem Workshop and elaborates from a domain expert's point of view on what can and should be improved when it comes to engaging domain experts in the use or development of ontologies.
Separation of Water-in-Heavy Oil Emulsions Using Porous Particles in Coalescence Column
Creators: name: Liu, Yanghong
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: seperation of water-in-oil seperation

description: Separation of water from water-in-heavy-oil (W/O) emulsions has been a costly problem. Due to the high viscosity of heavy oil, increasing the temperature of the emulsion has been one of the most common methods of separating water from W/O emulsions. The other methods include adding demulsifiers and using coalescence media. For the treatment of water in oil emulsions, providing a strongly water-wet coalescing media is the key for the coalescence of water droplets when the oil is the continuous phase. Laboratory tests and field applications have shown that use of the coalescence media can significantly improve the oil-water separation efficiency by reducing demulsifier concentration, treatment temperature, and residence time of the emulsion stream in separators. Various pack materials and methods have been tested for coalescence media by many researchers with no success due to the fact that water-wet material packed in a coalescence column is not able to remain water-wet in a heavy oil environment. In this study the principle of capillarity and the mechanism of wetting film in porous media are applied in designing the coalescence media. Water-wet porous particles are used for the first time in the coalescing column to enhance the separation of water form water-in-heavy-oil emulsions. Experimental results of this study show this type of particles can remain water-wet in an oil environment and can significantly enhance the coalescence of water droplets in water-in-heavy-oil emulsions. The coalescing column test results show that the flow of the emulsion through the 10 cm coalescing column reduced water content from 44.37% to 21.54% (51% reduction) at 80oC, without using demulsifier. This result indicates that the coalescing column is effective in helping water droplets coalesce. The results also demonstrate that the coalescing column can reduce the water content beyond what was reached in gravity separation with a high dosage of demulsifier. At a fixed temperature of 80oC, and with a settling time of 4 hours, when the dosage of the selected demulsifier changed from 50 to 100 to 150 ppm, water content reached 10.49%, 1.32% and 0.64%, respectively, with the use of a 10 cm coalescing column. Using the coalescing column reduced water content in the heavy oil by 38%, 89%, and 93%, compared to the water contents reached in the separation with demulsifier dosages of 50, 100, and 150ppm, respectively, without using the column. These results indicate that the effect of adding a coalescing column to water separation is significant, as compared to just using a demulsifier in gravity separation. More importantly, flow through the coalescing column could reduce the water content in the heavy oil to a very low level (<1.0%) and, at the same time, reduce the consumption of demulsifier.
Machine Learning for Software Engineering: A Tertiary Study
Creators: name: Kotti, Zoe
name: Galanopoulou, Rafaila
name: Spinellis, Diomidis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) techniques increase the effectiveness of software engineering (SE) lifecycle activities. We systematically collected, quality-assessed, summarized, and categorized 83 reviews in ML for SE published between 2009-2022, covering 6,117 primary studies. The SE areas most tackled with ML are software quality and testing, while human-centered areas appear more challenging for ML. We propose a number of ML for SE research challenges and actions including: conducting further empirical validation and industrial studies on ML; reconsidering deficient SE methods; documenting and automating data collection and pipeline processes; reexamining how industrial practitioners distribute their proprietary data; and implementing incremental ML approaches.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures, 7 tables, journal article
Modeling of predicted performance of the desulphurized tailings cover at the detour lake mine
Creators: name: Mukundane, Micheal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The problem of Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) remains a critical environmental issue associated with mining in Canada, as well as globally. Some untreated mine tailings can produce acids that percolate into ground water resources endangering aquatic environments and communities. Responsible mining practice requirements fuel the quest to understand, control and prevent ARD to assure sustainable mining. ARD results from sulphide mineral oxidation and still poses a significant challenge to all stakeholders in mining operations. Numerical modeling is powerful when utilized to enable performance evaluation of covers and enhances the ability to predict parameters that are responsible for ARD generation. The Verification of numerical models is critical to substantiating accuracy and it contributes to the model development process. The model assists in evaluating the measures in place to control ARD by predicting the parameters that are considered critical to understanding ARD. This research intends to verify the VADOSE/W model currently used in the industry to predict the performance of soil covers and its abilities to predict parameters that are critical to ARD generation and management in mine tailings. The hypothesis is whether the VADOSE/W model is able to predict the same published results as the finite difference model. The finite difference model simulation results used to verify the VADOSE/W model were previously verified through comparisons to a closed form solution, POLLUTE solution, and measured oxygen profiles from a column experiment. It is important to note that the VADOSE/W is widely used in mining industry and research as well has never been adequately tested. Agreement between both results would contribute to verification of the VADOSE/W model. It would also ascertain practicality and functionality thus minimizing costs associated with trial and error methods as well as improving implementation time and knowledge constraints with regard to ARD control and prevention. Findings indicate agreement between the results of the VADOSE/W model (precipitation, evaporation, saturated water content, run off, infiltration, oxygen diffusion) and published results computed by the finite difference model. This point to the successful potential abilities of the VADOSE/W model, to predict critical parameters in preventing and controlling ARD.
Transportation Network Stability: a Case Study of City Traffic
Creators: name: Berche, B.
name: von Ferber, C.
name: Holovatch, T.
name: Holovatch, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goals of this paper are to present criteria, that allow to a priori quantify the attack stability of real world correlated networks of finite size and to check how these criteria correspond to analytic results available for infinite uncorrelated networks. As a case study, we consider public transportation networks (PTN) of several major cities of the world. To analyze their resilience against attacks either the network nodes or edges are removed in specific sequences (attack scenarios). During each scenario the size S(c) of the largest remaining network component is observed as function of the removed share c of nodes or edges. To quantify the PTN stability with respect to different attack scenarios we use the area below the curve described by S(c) for c \in [0,1] recently introduced (Schneider, C. M, et al., PNAS 108 (2011) 3838) as a numerical measure of network robustness. This measure captures the network reaction over the whole attack sequence. We present results of the analysis of PTN stability against node and link-targeted attacks.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to the topical issue of the journal 'Advances in Complex Systems'
Chiral Condensate in Holographic QCD with Baryon Density
Creators: name: Seki, Shigenori
name: Sin, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the chiral condensate in the baryonic dense medium using the generalized Sakai-Sugimoto model. It is defined as the vacuum expectation value of open Wilson line that is proposed to be calculated by use of the area of world-sheet instanton. We evaluate it in confined as well as deconfined phase. In both phases, the chiral condensate has a minimum as a function of baryon density. In the deconfined phase, taking into account the chiral symmetry restoration, we classify the behavior of chiral condensate into three types. One can set the parameter of the theory such that the results, in low but sufficiently higher density, is in agreement with the expectation from QCD.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Open-Set Object Detection Using Classification-free Object Proposal and Instance-level Contrastive Learning
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhongxiang
name: Yang, Yifei
name: Wang, Yue
name: Xiong, Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Detecting both known and unknown objects is a fundamental skill for robot manipulation in unstructured environments. Open-set object detection (OSOD) is a promising direction to handle the problem consisting of two subtasks: objects and background separation, and open-set object classification. In this paper, we present Openset RCNN to address the challenging OSOD. To disambiguate unknown objects and background in the first subtask, we propose to use classification-free region proposal network (CF-RPN) which estimates the objectness score of each region purely using cues from object's location and shape preventing overfitting to the training categories. To identify unknown objects in the second subtask, we propose to represent them using the complementary region of known categories in a latent space which is accomplished by a prototype learning network (PLN). PLN performs instance-level contrastive learning to encode proposals to a latent space and builds a compact region centering with a prototype for each known category. Further, we note that the detection performance of unknown objects can not be unbiasedly evaluated on the situation that commonly used object detection datasets are not fully annotated. Thus, a new benchmark is introduced by reorganizing GraspNet-1billion, a robotic grasp pose detection dataset with complete annotation. Extensive experiments demonstrate the merits of our method. We finally show that our Openset RCNN can endow the robot with an open-set perception ability to support robotic rearrangement tasks in cluttered environments. More details can be found in https://sites.google.com/view/openset-rcnn/
description: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters
Fermion Interactions and Universal Behavior in Strongly Interacting Theories
Creators: name: Braun, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of the strong interaction, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), describes the generation of hadronic masses and the state of hadronic matter during the early stages of the evolution of the universe. As a complement, experiments with ultracold fermionic atoms provide a clean environment to benchmark our understanding of dynamical formation of condensates and the generation of bound states in strongly interacting many-body systems. Renormalization group (RG) techniques offer great potential for theoretical advances in both hot and dense QCD as well as many-body physics, but their connections have not yet been investigated in great detail. We aim to take a further step to bridge this gap. A cross-fertilization is indeed promising since it may eventually provide us with an ab-initio description of hadronization, condensation, and bound-state formation in strongly interacting theories. After giving a thorough introduction to the derivation and analysis of fermionic RG flows, we give an introductory review of our present understanding of universal long-range behavior in various different theories, ranging from non-relativistic many-body problems to relativistic gauge theories, with an emphasis on scaling behavior of physical observables close to quantum phase transitions (i. e. phase transitions at zero temperature) as well as thermal phase transitions.
description: 131 pages, 26 figures, 2 tables, review article
Rate-Induced Tipping in Heterogeneous Reaction-Diffusion Systems: An Invariant Manifold Framework and Geographically Shifting Ecosystems
Creators: name: Hasan, Cris R.
name: Mac Cárthaigh, Ruaidhrí
name: Wieczorek, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B55, 37N25, 35K57, 92Dxx

description: We propose a framework to study tipping points in reaction-diffusion equations (RDEs) in one spatial dimension, where the reaction term decays in space (asymptotically homogeneous) and varies linearly with time (nonautonomous) due to an external input. A compactification of the moving-frame coordinate together with Lin's method to construct heteroclinic orbits along intersections of stable and unstable invariant manifolds allows us to (i) obtain multiple coexisting pulse and front solutions for the RDE by computing heteroclinic orbits connecting equilibria at negative and positive infinity in the compactified moving-frame ordinary differential equation, (ii) detect tipping points as dangerous bifurcations of such heteroclinic orbits, and (iii) obtain tipping diagrams by numerical continuation of such bifurcations. We apply our framework to an illustrative model of a habitat patch that features an Allee effect in population growth and is geographically shrinking or shifting due to human activity or climate change. Thus, we identify two classes of tipping points to extinction: bifurcation-induced tipping (B-tipping) when the shrinking habitat falls below some critical length and rate-induced tipping (R-tipping) when the shifting habitat exceeds some critical speed. We explore two-parameter R-tipping diagrams to understand how the critical speed depends on the size of the habitat patch and the dispersal rate of the population, uncover parameter regions where the shifting population survives, and relate these regions to the invasion speed in an infinite homogeneous habitat. Furthermore, we contrast the tipping instabilities with gradual transitions to extinction found for logistic population growth without the Allee effect.
Determining the Age of Young Embedded Clusters
Creators: name: Stead, Joseph
name: Hoare, Melvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new Monte Carlo method has been developed in order to derive ages of young embedded clusters within massive star forming regions where there is strong differential reddening. After foreground and infrared excess source candidates are removed, each cluster candidate star is individually dereddened. Simulated clusters are constructed using isochrones, an IMF, realistic photometric errors, simulated background field populations and extinction distributions. These synthetic clusters are then dereddened in the same way as the real data, obtained from a deep near infrared survey, and used to derive the ages of 3 embedded clusters. Results were found to be consistent with those determined using spectrophotometric methods. This new method provides way to determine the ages of embedded clusters when only photometric data are available and there is strong differential reddening.
description: Accepted by MNRAS 27/07/11
Tomonaga-Luttinger-liquid criticality: numerical entanglement entropy approach
Creators: name: Nishimoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The von Neumann entanglement entropy is studied with the density-matrix renormalization group technique. We propose a simple approach to calculate the central charge using the entanglement entropy for one-dimensional (1D) quantum system. This approach is applied to a couple of quantum systems: (i) 1D frustrated spin model and (ii) 1D half-filled spinless fermions with nearest-neighbor repulsion; and, it is confirmed that the central charge is estimated very accurately for the both systems. Also, a new method to determine the critical point between TL-liquid and gapped (or ordered) phases from the proposed approach is suggested. Furthermore, we mention that the Tomonaga-Luttinger parameter can be obtained in a like manner as the central charge, using the charge-density fluctuation of a part of the 1D system.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables