cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ASCOT simulations of 14 MeV neutron rates in W7-X: effect of magnetic configuration
Creators: name: Kontula, Joona
name: Koschinsky, Jan Paul
name: Äkäslompolo, Simppa
name: Kurki-Suonio, Taina
name: team, the W7-X
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron production rates in fusion devices are determined not only by the kinetic profiles but also the fast ion slowing-down distributions. In this work, we investigate the effect of magnetic configuration on neutron production rates in future deuterium plasmas in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator. The neutral beam injection, beam and triton slowing-down distributions, and the fusion reactivity are simulated with the ASCOT suite of codes. The results indicate that the magnetic configuration has only a small effect on the production of 2.45 MeV neutrons from thermonuclear and beam-target fusion. The 14.1 MeV neutron production rates were found to be between $1.49 \times 10^{12}$ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and $1.67 \times 10^{12}$ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$, which is estimated to be sufficient for a time-resolved detection using a scintillating fiber detector, although only in high-performance discharges.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures. Version submitted to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion
The study of threshold behaviour of effective potential for $^{6}$Li+$^{58,64}$Ni systems
Creators: name: Biswas, M.
name: Roy, Subinit
name: Sinha, M.
name: Pradhan, M. K.
name: Mukherjee, A.
name: Basu, P.
name: Majumdar, H.
name: Ramachandran, K.
name: Shrivastava, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic scattering for $^6$Li+$^{64}$Ni system was measured in the bombarding energy range of 13 MeV $\leq$ $E_{lab}$ $\leq$ 26 MeV. A phenomenological optical model analysis was performed and the behaviour of the surface strengths of the potential components with decreasing energy was extracted. A further analysis of the measured angular distributions, along with the existing data for $^6$Li+$^{58}$Ni, was performed with two different model potentials - one with the folded potential normalized with a complex factor (OMP1) and the other with a {\it hybrid} potential composed of a renormalized folded real and a phenomenological imaginary (OMP2) potential components - were used in the calculation. All the model potentials predict similar energy dependent behaviour for the interaction potential around the barrier. The observed energy dependence of the strengths of the real and imaginary potentials corroborate with the dispersion relation prediction for both the $^6$Li+$^{64}$Ni and $^6$Li+$^{58}$Ni systems. Though the evidence of breakup is distinct in the energy variation of the potential strengths, close to the barrier the variation is more in the line of conventional threshold anomaly. Also the threshold behaviour of the interaction potential does not indicate any distinct isotopic dependence.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A
Food Recalls and Food Safety Perceptions: The September 2006 Spinach Recall Case
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Condry, Sarah C.
name: Cuite, Cara L.
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Condry, Sarah C.
name: Cuite, Cara L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper examines public perceptions on food safety particularly relating to spinach, which was subject of countrywide recall in 2006. Results indicate that food safety perceptions may be driven by public trust/confidence in institutions whose activities may be directly or indirectly related to food safety. The results further suggest that food safety perceptions may also be related to the type of the product; for example, the public perceives frozen spinach differently from bagged fresh spinach. Additionally, the results show that low levels of objective knowledge about food pathogens and the resulting illnesses have implications on overall food safety. Results further indicate that females and Caucasians perceived the four types of spinach as safe for consumption. This outcome contrasts with views held by young people, people with education below high school and those belonging to the lower incomes groups, who viewed the four types of spinach as unsafe. More attention should be directed toward public education and outreach efforts on overall food safety targeting the youth, low income groups and those with education below high school. In addition, there is need for the regulatory agencies to put their act together, given current low levels of public trust in their role of safeguarding the food supply.
A Comparison of Conventional and Organic Milk Production Systems in the U.S.
Creators: name: McBride, William D.
name: Greene, Catherine R.
name: McBride, William D.
name: Greene, Catherine R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Organic milk production is one of the fastest growing segments of organic agriculture in the U.S., but little is known about the relative costs and returns of organic and conventional dairies. This study utilizes a nationwide survey of dairy operations for 2005 that includes a targeted sample of organic dairies. Sample selection models were specified to isolate the impact of choosing the organic approach on various levels of milk production costs. Size and location of dairy operation were among the primary factors affecting choice of the organic approach and milk production costs. Organic dairies had production costs about $4 to $6 per cwt higher than conventional dairies and received an average milk price premium of $6.69 per cwt. Results suggest that there may be incentives for small conventional dairies to covert to the organic approach, but probably not for startup organic dairies unless they can enter at a much larger scale than the current industry norm.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/23/07.
Research opportunities captured
Creators: name: Bernardi, Gregorio
name: Charitos, Panagiotis
name: Tsesmelis, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: FCC
FCCIS
Physics research
Community survey

description: Physics research opportunities documented as presentations (Green, Indico). Contributions for Open Access proceedings with SN (Gold) approved. User community survey on research priorities launched.
Characterization of E'delta and triplet point defects in oxygen deficient amorphous silicon dioxide
Creators: name: Buscarino, G.
name: Agnello, S.
name: Gelardi, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an experimental study by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of gamma ray irradiation induced point defects in oxygen deficient amorphous SiO2 materials. We have found that three intrinsic (E'gamma, E'delta and triplet) and one extrinsic ([AlO4]0) paramagnetic centers are induced. All the paramagnetic defects but E'gamma center are found to reach a concentration limit value for doses above 10^3 kGy, suggesting a generation process from precursors. Isochronal thermal treatments of a sample irradiated at 10^3 kGy have shown that for T>500 K the concentrations of E'gamma and E'delta centers increase concomitantly to the decrease of [AlO4]0. This occurrence speaks for an hole transfer process from [AlO4]0 centers to diamagnetic precursors of E' centers proving the positive charge state of the thermally induced E'gamma and E'delta centers and giving insight on the origin of E'gamma from an oxygen vacancy. A comparative study of the E'delta center and of the 10 mT doublet EPR signals on three distinct materials subjected to isochronal and isothermal treatments, has shown a quite general linear correlation between these two EPR signals. This result confirms the attribution of the 10 mT doublet to the hyperfine structure of the E'delta center, originating from the interaction of the unpaired electron with a nucleus of 29Si (I=1/2). Analogies between the microwave saturation properties of E'gamma and E'delta centers and between those of their hyperfine structures are found and suggest that the unpaired electron wave function involves similar Si sp3 hybrid orbitals; specifically, for the E'delta the unpaired electron is supposed to be delocalized over four such orbitals of four equivalent Si atoms.
description: Approved for publication in Physical Review B
Sorting Models in Discrete Choice Fisheries Analysis
Creators: name: Smith, Martin D.
name: Zhang, Junjie
name: Smith, Martin D.
name: Zhang, Junjie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: One of the greatest challenges facing empirical fisheries researchers is to endogenize fishing effort in bioeconomic models in a way that accounts for fleet heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity can manifest in a wide range of both observable and unobservable characteristics of fishing vessels and individual fishermen. Without accounting for heterogeneity, we simply have an incomplete understanding of how pressure on fish resources responds to policy instruments that are available, the states of fish stocks, and exogenous shocks to the system. Largely due to data limitations, the discrete choice fisheries literature has focused on modeling unobserved heterogeneity through random parameters. In this paper, we draw on the industrial organization literature on product differentiation and the public economics literature on spatial sorting to estimate sorting models of observable heterogeneity. Models of this type estimate individual-specific structural coefficients based on observable individual characteristics and choice-specific constants using contraction mapping. We apply the methods to location choices and target species choices in the Gulf of Mexico reef-fish fishery. For this application, we have an unusual data set that couples daily observations from logbooks with demographic information from a mail survey of captains. We use contraction mapping to control for spatially-, and species-explicit stock information. The models are used to explore spatial and inter-temporal species effort substitution in response to two marine reserves, which are implemented in sample.
Impact of Earth's gravity on Gaussian beam propagation in hemispherical cavities
Creators: name: Ulbricht, Sebastian
name: Dickmann, Johannes
name: Müller, Robert A.
name: Kroker, Stefanie
name: Surzhykov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83-10, 83B05, 78-10

description: We theoretically investigate the influence of gravity on laser light in a hemispherical optical cavity, operating on Earth. The propagation of light in such a cavity is modeled by a Gaussian beam, affected by the Earth's gravitational field. On laboratory scale, this field is described by the spacetime of homogeneous gravity, known as Rindler spacetime. In that spacetime, the beam is bent downwards and acquires a height dependent phase shift. As a consequence the phase fronts of the laser light differ from those of a usual Gaussian beam. Assuming that the initial beam enters the cavity along its symmetry axis, these gravitational effects cause variations of the beam phase with every cavity round trip. Detailed calculations are performed to investigate how these phase variations depend on the beam parameters and the cavity setup. Moreover, we discuss the implications of our findings for cavity calibration techniques and cavity-based laser stabilization procedures.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Heavy-to-light B meson form factors at large recoil energy -- spectator-scattering corrections
Creators: name: Beneke, M.
name: Yang, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the investigation of loop corrections to hard spectator-scattering in exclusive B meson to light meson transitions by computing the short-distance coefficient (jet-function) from the hard-collinear scale. Adding together the two coefficients from matching QCD to SCET_I to SCET_II, we investigate the size of loop effects on the ratios of heavy-to-light meson form factors at large recoil. We find the corrections from the hard and hard-collinear scales to be of approximately the same size, and significant, but the perturbative expansions appear to be well-behaved. Our calculation provides a non-trivial verification of the factorization arguments. We observe considerable differences between the predictions based on factorization in the heavy-quark limit and current QCD sum rule calculations of the form factors. We also include the hard-collinear correction in the B -> pi pi tree amplitudes, and find an enhancement of the colour-suppressed amplitude relative to the colour-allowed amplitude.
description: 55 pages, LaTeX, uses axodraw.sty
Does Where We Live Matter? Understanding the Link Between Obesity and the Market for Food
Creators: name: Chen, Susan E.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Snyder, Samantha D.
name: Chen, Susan E.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Snyder, Samantha D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Incidence of obesity and overweight
subject: spatial lag model
subject: spatial dependence

description: This paper models health outcomes among adults as measured by Body Mass Index (BMI) using spatial econometric techniques that account for clustering and spillovers across neighborhoods. We model spatial spillovers among neighboring communities to determine to what extent heterogeneity and linkages across locally defined neighborhoods are important in explaining obesity data. Using survey responses tied to geographic location, demographic, behavioral, and environmental factors such as food retailer information, this study finds evidence of spatial dependence pointing to some locational impact on BMI. Our findings suggest alternative explanations for discrepancies in obesity across geographic space that currently are attributed to segregation on demographic characteristics. Preliminary indicators of spatial heteroskedasticity compel further applications of spatial econometric methods.
description: Paper is under revision. Removed at author's request 10/27/08.
Predicting and interpreting oxide glass properties by machine learning using large datasets
Creators: name: Cassar, Daniel R.
name: Mastelini, Saulo Martiello
name: Botari, Tiago
name: Alcobaça, Edesio
name: de Carvalho, André C. P. L. F.
name: Zanotto, Edgar D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the advent of powerful computer simulation techniques, it is time to move from the widely used knowledge-guided empirical methods to approaches driven by data science, mainly machine learning algorithms. We investigated the predictive performance of three machine learning algorithms for six different glass properties. For such, we used an extensive dataset of about 150,000 oxide glasses, which was segmented into smaller datasets for each property investigated. Using the decision tree induction, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest algorithms, selected from a previous study of six algorithms, we induced predictive models for glass transition temperature, liquidus temperature, elastic modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, refractive index, and Abbe number. Moreover, each model was induced with default and tuned hyperparameter values. We demonstrate that, apart from the elastic modulus (which had the smallest training dataset), the induced predictive models for the other five properties yield a comparable uncertainty to the usual data spread. However, for glasses with extremely low or high values of these properties, the prediction uncertainty is significantly higher. Finally, as expected, glasses containing chemical elements that are poorly represented in the training set yielded higher prediction errors. The method developed here calls attention to the success and possible pitfalls of machine learning algorithms. The analysis of the SHAP values indicated the key elements that increase or decrease the value of the modeled properties. It also estimated the maximum possible increase or decrease. Insights gained by this analysis can help empirical compositional tuning and computer-aided inverse design of glass formulations.
description: Added SHAP analysis and updated the text
Borrrelia burgdorferi glial infection induced glioblastomas – a report- five patients- FISH study of brain biopsies
Creators: name: MacDonald, Alan
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: First report in world's literature of fluorescence In situ DNA hybridization [FISH method] of glial infection induced glioblastomas: a report- five patients- FISH study of brain biopsies.
Relationships of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) and dental anxiety to intraoperative dental extraction pain
Creators: name: Lee, Kevin
name: Bassiur, Jennifer
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: The primary intention of this study was to determine whether salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) factors or the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was a better predictor of dental extraction pain. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample (n=23) recruited from an outpatient oral surgery clinic. While waiting for their scheduled appointments, consenting patients completed both basic demographic/medical history questionnaires and Corah’s DAS as well as submitted sublingual saliva samples. After their extractions, patients marked Visual Analog Scales (VAS) to indicate the intensity of their intraoperative discomfort. Results of this study confirm that there is a relationship between a patient’s dental anxiety and intraoperative extraction pain (r21=0.47, p=0.02). This study did not find that preoperative sAA factors (concentration and output rate) were related to either VAS extraction pain or DAS score. A strong positive relationship was observed between the concentration of sAA and the rate of sAA output (r21=0.81, p<0.001). Based on the results of our study, we conclude that dental anxiety has a moderate but significant correlation with intraoperative dental pain. sAA factors do not appear to be related to this experience. Therefore, simply assessing an anxious patient may be the best predictor of that patient’s extraction pain.
Why and how to communicate fly research
Creators: name: Prokop, Andreas
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2016

description: This talk is for the workshop "Resources Supporting the Drosophila Research Ecosystem" held Feb 17-19 at the HHMI Janelia Research Campus. Its purpose is: (1) to explain the rationale and need for proactive science communication promoting an understanding of the enormous importance of fruit fly research for modern biomedical research; (2) to describe strategies and resources developed by the Manchester Fly Facility as a useful model and starting point; (3) to alert to the current weaknesses of Drosophila-related science communication; (4) to point out future directions that can be taken to improve on the status quo.
Surrogate model based sensitivity analysis of a one dimensional arterial pulse wave propagation model with correlated input
Creators: name: Pjotr Hilhorst
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This study involved a methodology of two consecutive parts. The first part, the generation of the surrogate model, resulted in surrogate models that were able to accurately generate similar results as that of the one-dimensional pulse wave propagation model. In the second part, the sensitivity analysis was performed and the method, whilst assuming uncorrelated input parameters, was benchmarked against the established agPCE method by Quicken et al.
[Plant and Animal ID Lesson and Conversation Sample]
Creators: name: Fillmore, Laura
name: Holbrook, Herman
name: James, Adele
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: was
subject: Washo language

description: The recording begins with a list of Washo names of plants and animals, organized as an audio language learning lesson; this is followed by a conversation sample featuring Herman Holbrook (consultant) and Laura Fillmore (learner), in Washo with translations into English. Followed by a recording of conversation in a Washo Language Circle Class, involving Adele James and various other unnamed participants and recorded on April 10, 1995. A transcription associated with the sound file is in 2014-21.002.063.
PCT: Point cloud transformer
Creators: name: Guo, Meng-Hao
name: Cai, Jun-Xiong
name: Liu, Zheng-Ning
name: Mu, Tai-Jiang
name: Martin, Ralph R.
name: Hu, Shi-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The irregular domain and lack of ordering make it challenging to design deep neural networks for point cloud processing. This paper presents a novel framework named Point Cloud Transformer(PCT) for point cloud learning. PCT is based on Transformer, which achieves huge success in natural language processing and displays great potential in image processing. It is inherently permutation invariant for processing a sequence of points, making it well-suited for point cloud learning. To better capture local context within the point cloud, we enhance input embedding with the support of farthest point sampling and nearest neighbor search. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the PCT achieves the state-of-the-art performance on shape classification, part segmentation and normal estimation tasks.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Meta-Regression Estimates for CGE Models: A Case Study for Input Substitution Elasticities in Production Agriculture
Creators: name: Boys, Kathryn A.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Boys, Kathryn A.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: meta-analysis
subject: cross-price elasticity
subject: input substitu¬tion
subject: agricultural production
subject: CGE parameters

description: The selection of appropriate parameters for computable general equilibrium (CGE) models critically affects the results of applied economic modeling exercises. Valid and reliable parameter selection models are needed, and typically comprise direct estimation, expert opinion, or copycatting of results from seminal studies. The purpose of this study is to use meta-analysis to summarize and more accurately estimate elasticities of input substitution, specifically between labor and other inputs in agricultural production. We construct a comprehensive database of elasticity estimates through an extensive literature review, and perform a meta-regression analysis to identify structural sources of variation in elasticity estimates sampled from primary studies. The use of meta-analysis contributes to improved baseline analysis in CGE simulations because it allows for the computation of input parameters tailored to a specific CGE model setup. We correct for variations in research design, which are typically constant within studies, and account for bias associated with undue selection effects associated with editorial publication decision processes. Improved accuracy and knowledge of the distribution of imputed input parameters derived from a meta-analysis contributes to improved performance of CGE sensitivity analyses.
title: Urban Transitions and Regeneration: The Politics of Policy-making
Creators: name: Čamprag, Nebojša
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: This cumulative habilitation thesis is composed of one book chapter and four peer-reviewed academic papers, written and published in the period between 2014 and 2019. In the focus is the phenomenon of urban regeneration, perceived as a consequence of socioeconomic and political transitions.
Radiation spectra and polarization in magnetar bursts
Creators: name: Niemiec, Jacek
name: Bulik, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer in magnetar atmospheres. We include the effects of vacuum polarization, electron and proton scattering, and free-free absorption. Simulations are performed for the atmosphere model with the magnetic field perpendicular and also tilted with respect to the neutron star surface, and we show that the average spectrum does not strongly depend on the orientation of the magnetic field. We investigate the region of the parameter space where the vacuum absorption-like feature appears in the spectrum and we analyze the shape of the proton cyclotron line. Our results indicate that the existence of the vacuum polarization feature should be a general attribute of soft gamma-ray repeaters burst spectra, provided that the energy release takes place at the sufficiently dense region, and the atmosphere scaleheight is large enough. We discuss the existence of such a feature in recent observational data on these sources.
description: submitted to ApJ
The Mediterranean Fruit Fly: Efficient Dynamic and Static Phytosanitary Measures, Information Values, and Current Policy
Creators: name: Livingston, Michael J.
name: Livingston, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: A bioeconomic model is used to examine efficient dynamic and static phytosanitary policies (cold treatment periods) designed to maximize the annual present value of net monthly U.S. welfare associated with trade in commodities that serve as hosts for the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly). Accounting for the presence of the current U.S. medfly detection and control program, efficient dynamic and static policies require less cold treatment and increase U.S. welfare 9% and 3%, respectively, relative to the current minimum 14-day treatment period. The potential value of adjusting treatment periods regularly using available information on medfly pressure abroad is shown to be nontrivial.
Mega Trends Driving Change within CES and Implications for Extension Economists
Creators: name: Novak, James L.
name: Novak, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Many current trends affecting extension economist's education programs are found to be issues that go back 1/2 a century or more. Others involve issues that have been generally considered as part of economic theory, such as technology change. The emerging recasting of the social environment presents perhaps the most serious challenge to Extension economists program development.
Global analysis of AAC for determining polarized parton distribution functions
Creators: name: Hirai, M.
name: Kumano, S.
name: Saito, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report global analysis results for polarized parton distribution functions in the nucleon. The optimum distributions are determined by using spin asymmetry data on polarized lepton scattering on proton, neutron, and deuteron. Their uncertainties are estimated by the Hessian method. As a result, polarized quark distributions are relatively well determined, whereas the polarized gluon distribution has a large uncertainty band. We find that the obtained gluon distribution is compatible with recent Δg/g measurements in high-p_T hadron productions.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the XVIIth Particles and Nuclei International Conference (PANIC), Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, October 24-28, 2005
High-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes in scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory
Creators: name: Cai, Xin-Chang
name: Miao, Yan-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a high-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole solution in the scalar-tensor-vector gravity (STVG), and then analyze the influence of parameter $α$ associated with a deviation of the STVG theory from General Relativity on event horizons and Hawking temperature. We calculate the quasinormal mode frequencies of massless scalar field perturbations for the high-dimensional Schwarzschild STVG black hole by using the sixth-order WKB approximation method and the unstable null geodesic method in the eikonal limit. The results show that the increase of parameter $α$ makes the scalar waves decay slowly, while the increase of the spacetime dimension makes the scalar waves decay fast. In addition, we study the influence of parameter $α$ on the shadow radius of this high-dimensional Schwarzschild STVG black hole and find that the increase of parameter $α$ makes the black hole shadow radius increase, but the increase of the spacetime dimension makes the black hole shadow radius decrease. Finally, we investigate the energy emission rate of the high-dimensional Schwarzschild STVG black hole, and find that the increase of parameter $α$ makes the evaporation process slow, while the increase of the spacetime dimension makes the process fast.
description: v1: 18 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables; v2: clarifications and references added; v3: 19 pages, final version to appear in European Physical Journal C
Semiparametric Estimation of Consumer Demand Systems with Micro Data
Creators: name: Sam, Abdoul G.
name: Zheng, Yi
name: Sam, Abdoul G.
name: Zheng, Yi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: censoring
subject: semiparametric estimator
subject: consumer demand system
subject: food expenditures

description: This article proposes a semiparametric two-step procedure for estimating a censored consumer demand system with micro data. The semiparametric estimator considered in the first step is suggested by Klein and Spady (1993). This estimator, used as a counterpart of the probit estimator in a conventional two-step model, does not make any distributional assumptions about the disturbances and so is exempt from model misspecification and plausible heteroscedasticity. In the second step, we motivate the choice of the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) as an economic representation of consumers' demand behavior. Implementing our proposed semiparametric two-step procedure as well as Shonkwiler and Yen (1999)'s two-step model to a household meat consumption dataset from China generates the price and expenditure elasticities of demand. We also conducted the Horrowitz and Hardle (1994)'s specification test to our data and reject the null.
title: The Development of Synthetic Gene Biomarkers for the Field-Based Forensic Detection of Body Fluids and Sex Determination
Creators: name: Morrison, J
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2021

description: Body fluid and sex determination at the crime scene are important forensic questions where information can be obtained using various approaches. The standard techniques involved are well established and often utilise cheap, rapid tests to presumptively detect the presence of characteristic proteins and chemicals. However, the relatively poor accuracies of these tests compared to laboratory-based techniques that analyse nucleic acids limits their effectiveness and can lead to inefficient sample triage. This presents a need for novel field-based biomarker detection techniques that are both sensitive and specific. Toehold switches are de novo designed RNA/DNA sequences that contain the genetic motifs necessary for coupled transcription-translation of a reporter gene. Gene expression is repressed in the absence of a specific complementary target “trigger” sequence due to switch hairpin formation. Hybridisation of the trigger to the switch initiates hairpin unwinding and enables downstream gene expression. This specific and sensitive approach has led to toehold switches becoming an emerging platform for bio-detection, primarily in the field of viral RNA detection. This thesis identifies a lack of such applications to forensic science alongside a need for novel field-based DNA detection tools amongst forensic end-users with a market research study. To address these issues, a set of toehold switches were designed in-house for the detection of mRNA sequences specific to blood, saliva, semen, and the sex marker amelogenin. A contemporary qPCR assay was internally validated to act as a performance benchmark. To facilitate in vitro expression of toehold switches without expensive commercial cell-free protein synthesis systems, an Escherichia coli cell lysate was developed and optimised in-house. Gene expression from control plasmids was comparable to a commercial equivalent at 37°C and exceeded it at 29°C, with a shelf-life of approximately 6 – 8 months at -80°C. Toehold switches circuit function was unsuccessful with either system, which suggested an issue with toehold switch design. A screening framework utilising a combined melting curve and in silico thermodynamic analysis approach was devised to highlight high-performance toehold switches. This framework was able to predict the performances of six novel toehold switch designs and recommended designs to be discarded or studied further, but further characterisation is required to assess prediction accuracy. Results throughout are discussed in relation to the needs of forensic scientists and the capabilities of toehold switches as bio-detection tools compared to existing techniques.
A 70 kpc X-ray tail in the cluster A3627
Creators: name: Sun, M.
name: Jones, C.
name: Forman, W.
name: Nulsen, P. E. J.
name: Donahue, M.
name: Voit, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a 70 kpc X-ray tail behind the small late-type galaxy ESO137-001 in the nearby, hot (T=6.5 keV) merging cluster A3627, from both Chandra and XMM observations. The tail has a length-to-width ratio of ~ 10. It is luminous (L_{0.5-2 keV} ~ 10^41 ergs s^-1, with a temperature of ~ 0.7 keV and an X-ray M_gas of ~ 10^9 M_solar (~ 10% of the galaxy's stellar mass). We interpret this tail as the stripped interstellar medium of ESO137-001 mixed with the hot cluster medium, when this blue galaxy is being converted into a gas-poor galaxy. Three X-ray point sources are detected in the axis of the tail, which may imply active star formation in the tail. The straightness and narrowness of the tail also implies that the ICM turbulence is not strong on scales of 20 - 70 kpc.
description: 5 pages, 1 color figure, minor revision, accepted by ApJL (Version with the full-resolution figure available at http://www.pa.msu.edu/~sunm/eso137_001_v1.1.ps.gz)
Observation of the Crossover from Two-Gap to Single-Gap Superconductivity through Specific Heat Measurements in Neutron Irradiated MgB2
Creators: name: Putti, M.
name: Affronte, M.
name: Ferdeghini, C.
name: Tarantini, C.
name: Lehmann, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report specific heat measurements in neutron irradiated MgB2 samples, for which the critical temperature has been suppressed down to 8.5 K, but the superconducting transition remains extremely sharp, indicative of a defect structure extremely homogeneous. Our results demonstrate that the two-gap feature is evident in the temperature range above 21 K, while the single-gap superconductivity is well established as a bulk property not associated to local disorder fluctuations when Tc is decreased down to 11 K.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Some statistics of Galactic SNRs
Creators: name: Green, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The selection effects applicable to the identification of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) at radio wavelengths are discussed. Low surface brightness remnants are missing, as are those with small angular sizes (including young but distant SNRs). Several statistical properties of Galactic SNRs are discussed, including the surface-brightness/diameter (Sigma-D) relation. The wide range of intrinsic properties of Galactic remnants with known distances, and the observational selection effects, means that the Sigma-D relation is of limited use to derive diameters and hence distances for individual SNRs, or for statistical studies.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; proceedings of a workshop on Stellar End Product, to appear in MmSAI (expected to be 2006, volume 77, number 1)
On the finite temperature Drude weight of the anisotropic Heisenberg chain
Creators: name: Benz, J.
name: Fukui, T.
name: Klümper, A.
name: Scheeren, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the Drude weight $D(T)$ of the spin-1/2 $XXZ$ chain in the gapless regime. The thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) is applied in two different ways. In the first application we employ the particle basis of magnons and their bound states. In this case we rederive and considerably extend earlier work in the literature. However, in the course of our investigation we find arguments that cast doubt on the applicability of the TBA in this case. In a second application by use of the spinon and anti-spinon particle basis we obtain completely different results. Only for anisotropy parameter $Δ$ close to 0 we find that $D(T)$ is a monotonously decaying function of temperature. For $Δ$ close to 1 the behaviour is entirely different showing a finite temperature maximum. Also for the isotropic antiferromagnetic chain ($Δ=1$) the results for $D(T)$ are finite for T=0 as well as for $T>0$ with an infinite positive slope at T=0.
description: to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Structural properties of dwarf elliptical galaxies and the connection with (ordinary) elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: Graham, Alister W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reviews the popular reasons for the belief that dwarf elliptical galaxies and (ordinary) elliptical galaxies are distinct and separate species. They include: light-profile shape (or similarly image concentration); the magnitude-central surface brightness diagram; the magnitude-effective surface brightness diagram (or similarly the magnitude-effective radius diagram); and the Fundamental Plane. It is shown how a continuous trend between luminosity and a) light-profile shape, and b) central surface brightness (until the onest of core formation at M_B ~ -20.5 mag, results in a unification of the dwarf elliptical and (ordinary) elliptical galaxies. Neither the above four reasons, nor the luminosity function (at least in the Virgo cluster) provide evidence for a division at M_B = -18 mag between the dwarf elliptical and (ordinary) elliptical galaxies. Instead, they appear to be continuous extensions of each other.
description: 8 pages, invited talk to appear in the proceedings of the IAUC198 "Near-Field Cosmology with Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies", H. Jerjen & B. Binggeli (eds.)
Chern-Simons Theory on S^1-Bundles: Abelianisation and q-deformed Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Blau, Matthias
name: Thompson, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Chern-Simons theory on 3-manifolds $M$ that are circle-bundles over 2-dimensional surfaces $Σ$ and show that the method of Abelianisation, previously employed for trivial bundles $Σ\times S^1$, can be adapted to this case. This reduces the non-Abelian theory on $M$ to a 2-dimensional Abelian theory on $Σ$ which we identify with q-deformed Yang-Mills theory, as anticipated by Vafa et al. We compare and contrast our results with those obtained by Beasley and Witten using the method of non-Abelian localisation, and determine the surgery and framing presecription implicit in this path integral evaluation. We also comment on the extension of these methods to BF theory and other generalisations.
description: 37 pages; v2: references added
Cosmic Ray Velocity and Electric Charge Measurements in the AMS experiment
Creators: name: AMS Collaboration
name: Arruda, Luísa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) is a particle physics detector designed to measure charged cosmic ray spectra with energies up to the TeV region and with high energy photon detection capability up to few hundred GeV. It will be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2008 and will operate for more than three years. Due to its large acceptance, the flight duration and the state-of-art of particle identification techniques, AMS will have a remarkable sensitivity on antimatter and dark matter searches. The addition of different detector systems provide AMS with complementary and redundant electric charge and velocity measurements. The velocity of singly charged particles is expected to be measured with a precision of 0.1% and charge separation up to iron is attainable. The AMS capability of measuring a large range of electric charges and accurate velocities, will largely contribute to a better understanding of cosmic ray production, acceleration and propagation mechanisms in the galaxy.
description: 6 pages. Contribution to the 20th Lake Louise Winter Institute (Lake Louise, Canada 2005). Presenter: Luisa Arruda on behalf of the AMS collaboration
CH 3 GHz Observations of the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Magnani, Loris
name: Zelenik, Susan
name: Dame, T. M.
name: Engebreth, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 3 $\times$ 3 map of the Galactic Center was made at 9$\arcmin$ resolution and 10$\arcmin$ spacing in the CH $^2Π_{1/2}$, J=1/2, F=1-1 transition at 3335 MHz. The CH emission shows a velocity extent that is nearly that of the CO(1-0) line, but the CH line profiles differ markedly from the CO. The 3335 MHz CH transition primarily traces low-density molecular gas and our observations indicate that the mass of this component within $\sim$ 30 pc of the Galactic Center is $\sim$ 9 $\times$ 10$^6$ M$_\odot$. The CO-H$_2$ conversion factor obtained for the low-density gas in the mapped region is greater than that thought to apply to the dense molecular gas at the Galactic Center. In addition to tracing the low-density molecular gas at the Galactic Center, the CH spectra show evidence of emission from molecular clouds along the line of sight both in the foreground and background. The scale height of these clouds ranges from 27 - 109 pc, consistent with previous work based on observations of molecular clouds in the inner Galaxy.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures
Vacuum energy: quantum hydrodynamics vs quantum gravity
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare quantum hydrodynamics and quantum gravity. They share many common features. In particular, both have quadratic divergences, and both lead to the problem of the vacuum energy, which in the quantum gravity transforms to the cosmological constant problem. We show that in quantum liquids the vacuum energy density is not determined by the quantum zero-point energy of the phonon modes. The energy density of the vacuum is much smaller and is determined by the classical macroscopic parameters of the liquid including the radius of the liquid droplet. In the same manner the cosmological constant is not determined by the zero-point energy of quantum fields. It is much smaller and is determined by the classical macroscopic parameters of the Universe dynamics: the Hubble radius, the Newton constant and the energy density of matter. The same may hold for the Higgs mass problem: the quadratically divergent quantum correction to the Higgs potential mass term is also cancelled by the microscopic (trans-Planckian) degrees of freedom due to thermodynamic stability of the whole quantum vacuum.
description: 14 pages, no figures, added section on the problem of Higgs mass, version accepted for the special issue of JETP Letters
One-Dimensional Transition Metal-Benzene Sandwich Polymers: Possible Ideal Conductors for Spin Transport
Creators: name: Xiang, H. J.
name: Yang, Jinlong
name: Hou, J. G.
name: Zhu, Qingshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of the proposed one-dimensional transition metal (TM=Sc, Ti, V, Cr, and Mn)-benzene (Bz) sandwich polymers by means of density functional calculations. [V(Bz)]$_{\infty}$ is found to be a quasi-half-metallic ferromagnet and half-metallic ferromagnetism is predicted for [Mn(Bz)]$_{\infty}$. Moreover, we show that stretching the [TM(Bz)]$_{\infty}$ polymers could have dramatic effects on their electronic and magnetic properties. The elongated [V(Bz)]$_{\infty}$ displays half-metallic behavior, and [Mn(Bz)]$_{\infty}$ stretched to a certain degree becomes an antiferromagnetic insulator. The possibilities to stabilize the ferromagnetic order in [V(Bz)]$_{\infty}$ and [Mn(Bz)]$_{\infty}$ polymers at finite temperature are discussed. We suggest that the hexagonal bundles composed by these polymers might display intrachain ferromagnetic order at finite temperature by introducing interchain exchange coupling.