cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the gradual transition from the near to the far field in single-slit diffraction
Creators: name: García-Sánchez, Almudena
name: Sanz, Ángel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Optics it is common to split up the formal analysis of diffraction according to two convenient approximations, in the near and far fields (also known as the Fresnel and Fraunhofer regimes, respectively). Within this scenario, geometrical optics, the optics describing the light phenomena observable in our everyday life, is introduced as the short-wavelength limit of near-field phenomena, assuming that the typical size of the aperture (or obstacle) that light is incident on is much larger than the light wavelength. With the purpose to provide an alternative view on how geometrical optics fits within the context of the diffraction theory, particularly how it emerges, the transition from the near to the far field is revisited here both analytically and numerically. Accordingly, first this transition is investigated in the case of Gaussian beam diffraction, since its full analyticity paves the way for a better understanding of the paradigmatic (and typical) case of diffraction by sharp-edged single slits. This latter case is then tackled both analytically, by means of some insightful approximations and guesses, and numerically. As it is shown, this analysis makes explicit the influence of the various parameters involved in diffraction processes, such as the typical size of the input (diffracted) wave or its wavelength, or the distance between the input and output planes. Moreover, analytical expressions have been determined for the critical turnover value of the slit width that separates typical Fraunhofer diffraction regimes from the behaviors eventually leading to the geometrical optics limit, finding a good agreement with both numerically simulated results and experimental data extracted from the literature.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures (wrt v1: text slightly changed, including title; few references added)
Modification of transition radiation by three-dimensional topological insulators
Creators: name: Franca, O. J.
name: Buhmann, Stefan Yoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how transition radiation is modified by the presence of a generic magnetoelectric medium with a special focus on topological insulators. To this end, we use the Green's function for the electromagnetic field in presence of a plane interface between two topological insulators with different topological parameters, permittivities and permeabilities. We employ the far-field approximation together with the steepest descent method to obtain approximate analytical expressions for the electromagnetic field. Through this method we find that the electric field is a superposition of spherical waves and lateral waves. Contributions of both kind can be attributed to a purely topological origin. After computing the angular distribution of the radiation, we find that in a region far from the interface the main contribution to the radiation comes from the spherical waves. We present typical radiation patterns for the topological insulator TlBiSe$_2$ and the magnetoelectric TbPO$_4$. In the ultra-relativistic case, the additional contributions from the magnetoelectric coupling appreciably enhance the global maximum of the angular distribution. We also present an analytic expression for the frequency distribution of the radiation for this case. We find that in the limit where the permittivities are equal there still exists transition radiation of the order of the square of the topological parameter with a pure topological origin.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, Published final version
Professionals' views of fetal-monitoring support the development of devices to provide objective longer-term assessment of fetal wellbeing
Creators: name: Brown, Rebecca
name: Johnstone, Edward D.
name: Heazell, Alexander E. P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Continuous longer-term fetal monitoring has been proposed to address limitations of current technologies in the detection of fetal compromise. We aimed to assess professionals' views regarding current fetal-monitoring techniques and proposed longer-term continuous fetal monitoring. Methods: A questionnaire was designed and validated to assess obstetricians' and midwives' use of current fetal-monitoring techniques and their views towards continuous monitoring. 125 of 173 received responses (72% obstetricians, 28% midwives) were analysed. Results: Professionals had the strongest views about supporting evidence for the most commonly employed fetal-monitoring techniques (maternal awareness of fetal movements, ultrasound assessment of fetal growth and umbilical artery Doppler). 45.1% of professionals agreed that a continuous monitoring device would be beneficial (versus 28.7% who disagreed); this perceived benefit was not influenced by professionals' views regarding current techniques or professional background. Professionals have limited experience of continuous fetal monitoring, but most respondents believed that it would increase maternal anxiety (64.3%) and would have concerns with its use in clinical practice (81.7%). Conclusion: Continuous fetal monitoring would be acceptable to the majority of professionals. However, development of these technologies must be accompanied by extended examination of professionals' and women's views to determine barriers to its introduction.
Interrelation of nonclassicality conditions through stabiliser group homomorphism
Creators: name: Asthana, Sooryansh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we show that coherence witness for a single qubit itself yields conditions for nonlocality and entanglement inequalities for multiqubit systems. It also yields a condition for quantum discord in two--qubit systems. It is shown by employing homomorphism among the stabiliser group of a single qubit and those of multi--qubit states. Interestingly, globally commuting homomorphic images of single qubit stabilisers do not allow for consistent assignments of outcomes of local observables. As an application, we show that CHSH inequality can be straightforwardly generalised to nonlocality inequalities for multiqubit GHZ states. It also reconfirms the fact that quantumness prevails even in the large $N$--limit, if coherence is sustained. The mapping provides a way to construct many nonlocality inequalities, given a {\it seed} inequality. This study gives us a motivation to gain a better control over multiple degrees of freedom and multi-party systems. It is because in multi-party systems, the same nonclassical feature, {\it viz.}, coherence may appear in many avatars.
description: Preliminary version. Comments are welcome
Sparse Partially Linear Additive Models
Creators: name: Lou, Yin
name: Bien, Jacob
name: Caruana, Rich
name: Gehrke, Johannes
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The generalized partially linear additive model (GPLAM) is a flexible and interpretable approach to building predictive models. It combines features in an additive manner, allowing each to have either a linear or nonlinear effect on the response. However, the choice of which features to treat as linear or nonlinear is typically assumed known. Thus, to make a GPLAM a viable approach in situations in which little is known a priori about the features, one must overcome two primary model selection challenges: deciding which features to include in the model and determining which of these features to treat nonlinearly. We introduce the sparse partially linear additive model (SPLAM), which combines model fitting and both of these model selection challenges into a single convex optimization problem. SPLAM provides a bridge between the Lasso and sparse additive models. Through a statistical oracle inequality and thorough simulation, we demonstrate that SPLAM can outperform other methods across a broad spectrum of statistical regimes, including the high-dimensional (p ≫ N) setting. We develop efficient algorithms that are applied to real data sets with half a million samples and over 45,000 features with excellent predictive performance.
Development of an Undergraduate Quantum Engineering Degree
Creators: name: Dzurak, A. S.
name: Epps, J.
name: Laucht, A.
name: Malaney, R.
name: Morello, A.
name: Nurdin, H. I.
name: Pla, J. J.
name: Saraiva, A.
name: Yang, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum technology is exploding. Computing, communication, and sensing are just a few areas likely to see breakthroughs in the next few years. Worldwide, national governments, industries, and universities are moving to create a new class of workforce - the Quantum Engineers. Demand for such engineers is predicted to be in the tens of thousands within a five-year timescale. However, how best to train this next generation of engineers is far from obvious. Quantum mechanics - long a pillar of traditional physics undergraduate degrees - must now be merged with traditional engineering offerings. This paper discusses the history, development, and first year of operation of the world's first undergraduate degree in quantum engineering. The main purpose of the paper is to inform the wider debate, now being held by many institutions worldwide, on how best to formally educate the Quantum Engineer.
description: Comments welcome
Exact Spectral Statistics in Strongly Localised Circuits
Creators: name: Bertini, Bruno
name: Kos, Pavel
name: Prosen, Tomaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the seminal work of Anderson, localisation has been recognised as a standard mechanism allowing quantum many-body systems to escape ergodicity. This idea acquired even more prominence in the last decade as it has been argued that localisation -- dubbed many-body localisation (MBL) in this context -- can sometimes survive local interactions in the presence of sufficiently strong disorder. A conventional signature of localisation is in the statistical properties of the spectrum -- spectral statistics -- which differ qualitatively from those in the ergodic phase. Although features of the spectral statistics are routinely used as numerical diagnostics for localisation, they have never been derived from first principles in the presence of non-trivial interactions. Here we fill this gap and provide the example of a simple class of quantum many-body systems -- which we dub strongly localised quantum circuits -- that are interacting, localised, and where the spectral statistics can be characterised exactly. Furthermore, we show that these systems exhibit a cascade of three different regimes for spectral correlations depending on the energy scale: at small, intermediate, and large scales they behave as disconnected patches of three decreasing sizes. We argue that these features appear in generic MBL systems, with the difference that only at the smallest scale they do become Poissonian.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; v2 added SM-I with explicit LIOMs; v3 as appears in PRB
Diffusion and Controlled Release Characteristics of Ph-Sensitive Poly(2-(Dimethyl Amino)ethyl Methacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethylacrylate) Hydrogels
Creators: name: S. Eswaramma
name: K. S. V. Krishna Rao
name: K. Madhusudana Rao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Medicine
Engineering
Biochemistry
Biophysics

description: The present work describes a facial development of pH-responsive hydrogels composed of 2-(dimethylamino)ethylmethacrylate and 2-hydroxyethylacrylate via free-radical polymerization at 29°C. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD studies. The diffusional exponent (n), hydrogel network parameters such as average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc) and polymer-solvent interaction (χ) were calculated by using swelling data. The hydrogels were encapsulated with 5-Fluorouracil, the in-vitro release data indicated that the maximum drug release was significantly achieved in pH 1.2 rather than in pH 7.4 and it was enhanced up to 30 h. These results suggested that the gels are highly useful for anticancer drug delivery applications.
Convex Modeling of Interactions with Strong Heredity
Creators: name: Witten, Daniela
name: Simon, Noah
name: Haris, Asad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Information and Computing Sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biophysics

description: We consider the task of fitting a regression model involving interactions among a potentially large set of covariates, in which we wish to enforce strong heredity. We propose FAMILY, a very general framework for this task. Our proposal is a generalization of several existing methods, such as VANISH Radchenko and James, 2010], hierNet [Bien et al., 2013], the all-pairs lasso, and the lasso using only main effects. It can be formulated as the solution to a convex optimization problem, which we solve using an efficient alternating directions method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. This algorithm has guaranteed convergence to the global optimum, can be easily specialized to any convex penalty function of interest, and allows for a straightforward extension to the setting of generalized linear models. We derive an unbiased estimator of the degrees of freedom of FAMILY, and explore its performance in a simulation study and on an HIV sequence data set.
Fully suspended nano-beams for quantum fluids
Creators: name: Golokolenov, Ilya
name: Alperin, Baptiste
name: Fernandez, Bruno
name: Fefferman, Andrew
name: Collin, Eddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-invasive probes are keystones of fundamental research. Their size, and maneuverability (in terms of e.g. speed, dissipated power) define their applicability range for a specific use. As such, solid state physics possesses e.g. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), or Scanning SQUID Microscopy. In comparison, quantum fluids (superfluid $^3$He, $^4$He) are still lacking probes able to sense them (in a fully controllable manner) down to their smallest relevant lengthscales, namely the coherence length $ξ_0$. In this work we report on the fabrication and cryogenic characterization of fully suspended (hanging over an open window, with no substrate underneath) Si$_3$N$_4$ nano-beams, of width down to 50 nm and quality factor up to $10^5$. As a benchmark experiment we used them to investigate the Knudsen boundary layer of a rarefied gas: $^4$He at very low pressures. The absence of the rarefaction effect due to the nearby chip surface discussed in Gazizulin et al. [1] is attested, while we report on the effect of the probe size itself.
Effect of high electric field on secondary structure of wheat gluten
Creators: name: Singh, Ashutosh
name: Lahlali, Rachid
name: Vanga, Sai Kranthi
name: Chithra Karunakaran
name: Orsat, Valérie
name: Raghavan, Vijaya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: ABSTRACTEffect of high electric field on secondary structure conformation of fully hydrated (45.65% wet basis) gluten protein was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. Three experimental conditions were evaluated including electric field intensity of 0kV (no treatment), 3.5kV and 7kV and treatment time of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. FT-IR spectra of treated and non-treated hydrated gluten protein revealed that high electric field treatment resulted in irreversible changes in the secondary structures. For 30 minutes treatment no variation was observed for electric field intensities 0 kV and 7 kV; but at 3.5 kV it showed slight reorganization and structural conversion of secondary structures. No variation in spectral pattern was observed for all the high electric field treatments for 60 minutes but major secondary structure reorganization took place for high electric field treatment at 90 minutes. Curve-fitting using Gaussian band shapes and PCA analysis further supported the results.
Three-body renormalization group limit cycles based on unsupervised feature learning
Creators: name: Kaspschak, Bastian
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Both the three-body system and the inverse square potential carry a special significance in the study of renormalization group limit cycles. In this work, we pursue an exploratory approach and address the question which two-body interactions lead to limit cycles in the three-body system at low energies, without imposing any restrictions upon the scattering length. For this, we train a boosted ensemble of variational autoencoders, that not only provide a severe dimensionality reduction, but also allow to generate further synthetic potentials, which is an important prerequisite in order to efficiently search for limit cycles in low-dimensional latent space. We do so by applying an elitist genetic algorithm to a population of synthetic potentials that minimizes a specially defined limit-cycle-loss. The resulting fittest individuals suggest that the inverse square potential is the only two-body potential that minimizes this limit cycle loss independent of the hyperangle.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
Ultraviolet properties of Lifshitz-type scalar field theories
Creators: name: Zappala, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Lifshitz-type scalar field theories that exhibit anisotropic scaling laws near the ultraviolet fixed point, with explicit breaking of Lorentz symmetry. It is shown that, when all momentum dependent vertex operators are discarded, actions with anisotropy parameter z=3 in 3+1 dimensions generate Lorentz symmetry violating quantum corrections that are suppressed by inverse powers of the momentum, so that the symmetry is sensibly restored in the infrared region. In the ultraviolet region, the singular behavior of the corrections is strongly smoothened: only logarithmic divergences show up, producing very small changes of the couplings over a range of momentum of many orders of magnitude. In the particular case where all couplings are equal, the theory shows a Liouville-like potential and quantum corrections are exactly summable, giving an asymptotically free theory. However, the observed weakening of the divergences is not sufficient to avoid a residual fine tuning of the mass parameter at a very high energy scale, in order to recover a physically acceptable mass in the infrared region.
description: Published version. 15 pages, 3 figures
Biological evaluation and molecular modelling study of thiosemicarbazide derivatives as bacterial type IIA topoisomerases inhibitors
Creators: name: Paneth, Agata
name: Plech, Tomasz
name: Wujec, Monika
name: Kuśmierz, Edyta
name: Kosikowska, Urszula
name: Paneth, Piotr
name: Paweł Stączek
name: Strzelczyk, Aleksandra
name: Dzitko, Katarzyna
name: Grzegorczyk, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: Biochemistry

description: In the present article, we describe the inhibitory potency of nine thiosemicarbazide derivatives against bacterial type IIA topoisomerases, their antibacterial profile and molecular modelling evaluation. We found that one of the tested compounds, compound 7, significantly inhibits activity of Staphylococcus aureus DNA gyrase with an IC50 below 15 μM. Besides, this compound displays antibacterial activity on reference Staphylococuss spp. and Enterococcus faecalis strains as well as clinical S. aureus isolates at non-cytotoxic concentrations in mammalian cells with MIC values ranging from 16 to 32 μg/mL thereby indicating, in some cases, equipotent or even more effective action than standard drugs such as vancomycin, ampicillin and nitrofurantoin. The computational studies showed that both molecular geometry and the electron density distribution have a great impact on antibacterial activity of thiosemicarbazide derivatives.
Testing the null energy condition with precise distance measurements
Creators: name: Korzyński, Mikołaj
name: Serbenta, Julius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an inequality between two types of distance measures to a single source in general relativity. It states that for a given emitter and observer the distance between them measured by the trigonometric parallax is never shorter than the angular diameter distance provided that the null energy condition holds and that there are no focal points in between. This result is independent of the details of the spacetime geometry or the motions of the observer and the source. The proof is based on the geodesic bilocal operator formalism together with well known properties of infinitesimal light ray bundles. Observation of the violation of the distance inequality would mean that on large scales either the null energy condition does not hold or that light does not travel along null geodesics.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures. The content matches the published version
Effect of High Electric Field on Secondary Structure of Wheat Gluten
Creators: name: Singh, Ashutosh
name: Lahlali, Rachid
name: Vanga, Sai Kranthi
name: Chithra Karunakaran
name: Orsat, Valérie
name: Raghavan, Vijaya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: The effect of a high electric field on secondary structure conformation of fully hydrated (45.65% wet basis) gluten protein was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Three experimental conditions were evaluated including electric field intensity of 0 kV (no treatment), 3.5 kV, and 7kV and treatment time of 30, 60, and 90 min. Fourier transform infrared spectra of treated and non-treated hydrated gluten protein revealed that high electric field treatment resulted in irreversible changes in the secondary structures. For the 30 min treatment no variation was observed for electric field intensities 0 and 7 kV; but at 3.5 kV it showed slight reorganization and structural conversion of secondary structures. No variation in spectral pattern was observed for all the high electric field treatments for 60 min but major secondary structure reorganization took place for high electric field treatment at 90 min. Curve-fitting using Gaussian band shapes and principal component analysis further supported the results.
Mixing second and third-order nonlinear interactions in nanophotonic lithium-niobate waveguides
Creators: name: Lauria, Simone
name: Saleh, Mohammed F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have investigated the interplay between the second and third-order nonlinearities in lithium-niobate waveguides with strong waveguide dispersion using uniform and linearly-chirped poling patterns at input powers in the pico-joule range. We have implemented the accurate unidirectional pulse propagation model to take into account all the possible nonlinear interactions inside these structures. In particular, the poling period has been designed to quasi-phase-match single and multiple sum- and difference-frequency generation processes. We have shown how the poling period can be used as an additional degree of freedom to tailor the output spectra of chip-based nonlinear waveguides in an unprecedented way.
Two-photon transitions of charmonia on the light front
Creators: name: Li, Yang
name: Li, Meijian
name: Vary, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the two-photon transitions $H_{c\bar c} \to γ^*γ$ of the charmonium system in light-front dynamics. The light-front wave functions were obtained from solving the effective Hamiltonian based on light-front holography and one-gluon exchange interaction within the basis light-front quantization approach. We compute the two-photon transition form factors as well as the two-photon decay widths for S- and P-wave charmonia, $η_c$ and $χ_{cJ}$ and their excitations. Without introducing any free parameters, our predictions are in good agreement with the recent experimental measurements by BaBar and Belle, shedding light on the relativistic nature of charmonium.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Numerical Study of Cosmic Ray Confinement through Dust Resonant Drag Instabilities
Creators: name: Ji, Suoqing
name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility of cosmic ray (CR) confinement by charged dust grains through resonant drag instabilities (RDIs). We perform magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell simulations of magnetized gas mixed with charged dust and cosmic rays, with the gyro-radii of dust and GeV CRs on $\sim\mathrm{AU}$ scales fully resolved. As a first study, we focus on one type of RDI wherein charged grains drift super-Alfv{é}nically, with Lorentz forces strongly dominating over drag forces. Dust grains are unstable to the RDIs and form concentrated columns and sheets, whose scale grows until saturating at the simulation box size. Initially perfectly-streaming CRs are strongly scattered by RDI-excited Alfv{é}n waves, with the growth rate of the CR perpendicular velocity components equaling the growth rate of magnetic field perturbations. These rates are well-predicted by analytic linear theory. CRs finally become isotropized and drift at least at $\sim v_\mathrm{A}$ by unidirectional Alfvén waves excited by the RDIs, with a uniform distribution of the pitch angle cosine $μ$ and a flat profile of the CR pitch angle diffusion coefficient $D_{μμ}$ around $μ= 0$, without the "$90$ degree pitch angle problem." With CR feedback on the gas included, $D_{μμ}$ decreases by a factor of a few, indicating a lower CR scattering rate, because the backreaction on the RDI from the CR pressure adds extra wave damping, leading to lower quasi-steady-state scattering rates. Our study demonstrates that the dust-induced CR confinement can be very important under certain conditions, e.g., the dusty circumgalactic medium around quasars or superluminous galaxies.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, published on MNRAS
Critical phenomena in dynamical scalarization of charged black hole
Creators: name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
name: Chen, Qian
name: Liu, Yunqi
name: Luo, Wen-Kun
name: Tian, Yu
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a new black hole scalarization mechanism and disclose novel dynamical critical phenomena in the process of the nonlinear accretion of the scalar field into black holes. The accretion process can transform a seed black hole into a final scalarized or bald black hole, depending on the initial parameter of the scalar field $p$. There is a critical parameter $p_{\ast}$ and near it all intermediate solutions are attracted to a critical solution and stay there for a time scaling as $T\propto-γ\ln|p-p_{\ast}|$. At late times, the solutions evolve into scalarized black holes if $p>p_{\ast}$, or bald black holes if $p
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. 128, 161105
Anyons in One Dimension
Creators: name: Greiter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I give a non-technical account of fractional statistics in one dimension. In systems with periodic boundary conditions, the crossing of anyons is always uni-directional, and the fractional phase $θ$ acquired by the anyons gives rise to fractional shifts in the spacings of the relative momenta, ${Δp =2π\hbar/L\, (|θ|/π+n)}$. The fractional shift $θ/π$ is a good quantum number of interacting anyons, even though the single particle momenta, and hence the non-negative integers $n$, are generally not.
description: A Letter in Response to Frank Wilczek's Review Essay in Inference, 4 pages, no figures
Preparation of the SU(3) Lattice Yang-Mills Vacuum with Variational Quantum Methods
Creators: name: Ciavarella, Anthony N
name: Chernyshev, Ivan A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying QCD and other gauge theories on quantum hardware requires the preparation of physically interesting states. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) provides a way of performing vacuum state preparation on quantum hardware. In this work, VQE is applied to pure SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills on a single plaquette and one dimensional plaquette chains. Bayesian optimization and gradient descent were investigated for performing the classical optimization. Ansatz states for plaquette chains are constructed in a scalable manner from smaller systems using domain decomposition and a stitching procedure analogous to the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG). Small examples are performed on IBM's superconducting Manila processor.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables
Exploring the robust extrapolation of high-dimensional machine learning potentials
Creators: name: Zeni, Claudio
name: Anelli, Andrea
name: Glielmo, Aldo
name: Rossi, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, contrary to popular assumptions, predictions from machine learning potentials built upon high-dimensional atom-density representations almost exclusively occur in regions of the representation space which lie outside the convex hull defined by the training set points. We then propose a perspective to rationalize the domain of robust extrapolation and accurate prediction of atomistic machine learning potentials in terms of the probability density induced by training points in the representation space
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Inflation with antisymmetric tensor field: new candidates
Creators: name: Aashish, Sandeep
name: Ajith, Abhijith
name: Panda, Sukanta
name: Thakur, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study classes of inflation models driven by antisymmetric tensor field, with minimal and nonminimal couplings to gravity, that address known issues of such models considered in the past. First we show that with a different choice of the background structure of antisymmetric tensor field, inflation is supported even for the minimal model with quadratic potential contrary to past results. We also include the nonminimal coupling to gravity and analyse perturbations to the antisymmetric tensor as well as the tensor modes of perturbed metric. The two models differ in terms of the behaviour of tensor modes, where the speed of gravitational wave can be tuned to $c$ in the latter model. The power spectrum and spectral index receive slight scale dependence. Finally, we consider a quartic potential motivated by the graceful exit to reheating phase, which requires a nonminimal coupling to support inflation. The two tensor modes of perturbed metric are found to evolve differently in this model, and give rise to a highly scale-dependent power spectrum.
description: 40 pages, 16 figures; erroneous calculations have been replaced in section V, references added; published version
title: Ethnien in Afghanistan / Grafik/Karten: Bernd Nogli ; Text: Stefan Maximilian Brenner
Creators: name: Brenner, Stefan Maximilian
Publisher: name: ZMSBw
Year: 2024

description: Die aktuelle Karte : historische Ereignisse in Kartenansicht / Zentrum für Militärgeschichte und Sozialwissenschaften der Bundeswehr; [23]
Spontaneously rotating clusters of active droplets
Creators: name: Hokmabad, Babak Vajdi
name: Nishide, Akinori
name: Ramesh, Prashanth
name: Maass, Corinna C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the emergence of spontaneously rotating clusters in active emulsions. Ensembles of self-propelling droplets sediment and then self-organise into planar, hexagonally ordered clusters which hover over the container bottom while spinning around the plane normal. This effect exists for symmetric and asymmetric arrangements of isotropic droplets and is therefore not caused by torques due to geometric asymmetries. We found, however, that individual droplets exhibit a helical swimming mode in a small window of intermediate activity in a force-free bulk medium. We show that by forming an ordered cluster, the droplets cooperatively suppress their chaotic dynamics and turn the transient instability into a steady rotational state. We analyse the collective rotational dynamics as a function of droplet activity and cluster size and further propose that the stable collective rotation in the cluster is caused by a cooperative coupling between the rotational modes of individual droplets in the cluster.
description: Supplementary movies included as ancillary data on arXiv
Trions in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: Schindler, Frank
name: Vafek, Oskar
name: Bernevig, B. Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong coupling phase diagram of magic angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) predicts a series of exact one particle charge $\pm 1$ gapped excitations on top of the integer-filled ferromagnetic ground-states. Finite-size exact diagonalization studies showed that these are the lowest charge $\pm 1$ excitations in the system (for $10$nm screening length), with the exception of charge $+1$ at filling $-1$ in the chiral limit. In the current paper we show that this "trion bound state", a $3$-particle, charge $1$ excitation of the insulating ferromagnetic ground-state of the projected Hamiltonian of TBG is the lowest charge $+1$ overall excitation at $ν=-1$, and also for some large ($\approx 20$nm) screening lengths at $ν=-2$ in the chiral limit and with very small binding energy. At other fillings, we show that trion bound states do exist, but only for momentum ranges that do not cover the entire moiré Brillouin zone. The trion bound states (at different momenta) exist for finite parameter range $w_0/w_1$ but they all disappear in the continuum far below the realistic values of $w_0/w_1= 0.8$. We find the conditions for the existence of the trion bound state, a good variational wavefunction for it, and investigate its behavior for different screening lengths, at all integer fillings, on both the electron and hole sides.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures
Influence of Seasonal Variation of Water Temperature and Dissolved Organic Matter on Ozone and OH radical Reaction Kinetics during Ozonation of a Lake Water
Creators: name: Jaedon Shin
name: Hidayat, Zahra Ramadhany
name: Yunho Lee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering

description: This study used key description parameters of the ozonation process in lake water samples over a 1-year period to better understand the influence of seasonal variations in water quality such as water temperature and dissolved organic matter on ozone decomposition and OH radical formation and reaction kinetics. The parameters were the initial ozone demand (IOD), ozone decay rate constant after the IOD (ksec), ratio of OH radical exposure to the ozone exposure (RCt), and ratio of ozone consumption to the OH radial exposure multiplied by the second-order rate constant for the reaction of the OH radical with an OH radical probe compound (Ω). The seasonal variations in water quality had the most significant influence on RCt (39–64%), followed by ksec (35–38%), Ω (27–34%), and IOD (11–25%) for the raw lake water and sand-filtered water in which the numbers inside parentheses indicate the % standard deviation of the measured values for 1 year. For the oligotrophic-type lake water, the seasonal variation in water temperature (6–26°C) had the most significant influence on the ksec, RCt, and Ω. The Ω was newly found to be inversely related with water temperature, possibly due to the temperature-dependent OH radical yield from ozone decomposition. This implies that the OH radical oxidation capacity during ozonation can be significantly influenced by the temperature due to the varying ozone decomposition rate and the intrinsic OH radical yield. This study also demonstrated the Ω is a useful, alternative parameter to the RCt for describing or predicting OH radical exposure from ozone consumption especially when the ozone decay is rapid or varies over time such as the initial ozonation phase of natural water or wastewater where a considerable OH radical exposure takes place.
Exceptives in Mandarin
Creators: name: Ying, Yuanfan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: exceptives
ellipsis
syntax
semantics
Mandarin Chinese

description: This file contains data on the exceptive construction in the Sino-Tibetan language Mandarin Chinese. It was collected under NSF projects BCS2116343 and BCS2116344, "Collaborative Research: Variation in Exceptive Structures."
Distance from an Urban Sickle Cell Center and its Effects on Routine Healthcare Management and Rates of Hospitalization
Creators: name: Nolan, Vikki G.
name: Xinhua Yu
name: Nottage, Kerri A.
name: Wang, Winfred C.
name: Hankins, Jane S.
name: Gurney, James G.
name: Smeltzer, Matthew P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Biophysics

description: The St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital (St. Jude) comprehensive sickle cell center serves a 150 mile catchment radius around Memphis, TN, USA. Full travel expenses are provided for routine and acute care visits for sickle cell disease patients living ≥35 miles from St. Jude. We compared hospitalization rates to national estimates and assessed if driving distance was a barrier to sickle cell healthcare despite the travel reimbursement policy. We evaluated the associations between hospitalizations and routine clinic visits and distance from St. Jude using negative binomial models and we conducted bias analyses by Monte Carlo simulation. We followed 545 patients (2550 patient-years) aged ≤18 years with sickle cell disease (Hb SS only) from 2007 to 2012. The hospitalization rate per patient-year was 0.65 [95% CI (confidence interval): 0.62, 0.68), significantly lower than the national rate of 1.16 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.18). Children living <35 miles from St. Jude had 1.75 (95% CI: 1.41, 2.17) times the rate of hospitalization and 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.39) times the rate of clinic visits compared to those ≥35 miles. Bias analysis suggested that under-reporting could explain the observed difference in hospitalization rates if 30.0% of patients who lived ≥35 miles from the hospital under-reported six hospitalizations over 6 years. The hospitalization rate at St. Jude in children with sickle cell disease was lower than expected from national rates. Greater distance from the sickle cell center (>35 miles) was associated with decreased hospitalization rates, despite the travel allowances that are provided for those who live ≥35 miles from the hospital.
MazeGen: A low-code framework for bootstrapping robotic navigation scenarios for smart manufacturing contexts
Creators: name: Guevara, Ivan
name: Margaria, Tiziana
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4612
subject: Software engineering

description: In this research, we describe the MazeGen framework (as a maze generator), which generates navigation scenarios using Grammatical Evolution for robots or drones to navigate. The maze generator uses evolutionary algorithms to create robotic navigation scenarios with different semantic levels along a scenario profile. Grammatical Evolution is a Machine Learning technique from the Evolutionary Computing branch that uses a BNF grammar to describe the language of the possible scenario universe and a numerical encoding of individual scenarios along that grammar. Through a mapping process, it converts new numerical individuals obtained by operations on the parents’ encodings to a new solution by means of grammar. In this context, the grammar describes the scenario elements and some composition rules. We also analyze associated concepts of complexity, understanding complexity as the cost of production of the scenario and skill levels needed to move around the maze. Preliminary results and statistics evidence a low correlation between complexity and the number of obstacles placed, as configurations with more difficult obstacle dispositions were found in the early stages of the evolution process and also when analyzing mazes taking into account their semantic meaning, earlier versions of the experiment not only resulted as too simplistic for the Smart Manufacturing domain, but also lacked correlation with possible real-world scenarios, as was evidenced in our experiments, where the most semantic meaning results had the lowest fitness score. They also show the emerging technology status of this approach, as we still need to find out how to reliably find solvable scenarios and characterize those belonging to the same class of equivalence. Despite being an emerging technology, MazeGen allows users to simplify the process of building configurations for smart manufacturing environments, by making it faster, more efficient, and reproducible, and it also puts the non-expert programmer in the center of the development process, as little boilerplate code is needed.
Old and new geometric polyhedra with few vertices
Creators: name: Lawrencenko, Serge
name: Lao, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B70, 52B11, 05C10, 51M15, 51M20

description: This paper deals with triangulations of the 2-torus with the vertex labeled general octahedral graph $O_4$ which is isomorphic to the complete four-partite graph $K_{2,2,2,2}$; it is known that there exist precisely twelve such triangulations. We find all the 12 triangulations in a Schlegel diagram of the hyperoctahedron and realize all of them geometrically with the same 1-skeleton in 3-space. In particular, we identify two geometric polyhedral tori (both without self-intersections) with the same 1-skeleton in 3-space, but without a single common face, or in other words their intersection (as point-sets) is only their common 1-skeleton. Similarly, all the twelve triangulations of the 2D projective plane with the vertex labeled complete graph $K_6$ are found in a Schlegel diagram of the 5-simplex and all are realized geometrically with the same 1-skeleton in 4-space; especially we obtain a pair of triangulations of the Möbius band and a pair of triangulated projective planes with the same 1-skeleton (within each pair) in 3-space and 4-space, respectively, without a single common face. The constructed polyhedra are modeled and visualized with GeoGebra.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
A Note on Numerical Fluxes Conserving a Member of Harten's One-Parameter Family of Entropies for the Compressible Euler Equations
Creators: name: Ranocha, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Entropy-conserving numerical fluxes are a cornerstone of modern high-order entropy-dissipative discretizations of conservation laws. In addition to entropy conservation, other structural properties mimicking the continuous level such as pressure equilibrium and kinetic energy preservation are important. This note proves that there are no numerical fluxes conserving (one of) Harten's entropies for the compressible Euler equations that also preserve pressure equilibria and have a density flux independent of the pressure. This is in contrast to fluxes based on the physical entropy, where even kinetic energy preservation can be achieved in addition.