cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Experimental investigation of the beta distribution in Monte Carlo simulation
title: Beta distribution in Monte Carlo simulation
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ganeriwala, Manju Surendra
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Beta distribution
subject: Probability theory
subject: Monte Carlo method
subject: Business mathematics
subject: Monte Carlo simulation
subject: Simulation models
subject: Triangular distribution
subject: Lognormal distribution
subject: Sampling computation time
subject: Distribution (Probability theory)
subject: Monte Carlo method
subject: Business mathematics
subject: Lognormal distribution

description: The primary concern of this report is to statistically analyze and test the possibility of substituting the use of beta distribution in simulation models using Monte Carlo technique, with some other distribution(s) which closely resemble the characteristics of the beta distribution. The two proposed substitutes are the triangular distribution and the lognormal distribution. A computer program with several subroutines is designed for the purpose of experimental investigation. Given the parameters, random samples are drawn from the triangular, the lognormal and the beta distribution. Later the triangular and the lognormal sample is compared with the beta sample for testing the goodness of fit at a given level of significance. A number of computer runs are made each time with a different range, different set of parameters and different sample size. Another problem addressed in this report is the computation time required for sampling from beta distribution. In general, random sampling from beta distribution, irrespective of the form employed (the actual or the simplified version) consumes much more computer time as compared to sampling from the triangular or the lognormal distribution, thus increasing the cost of simulation
RRR - Strack - Lynott
Creators: name: Lynott, Dermot
name: Connell, Louise
name: Lund, Sophie
name: Riding, Sarah
name: Powis, Christina
name: Pearson, Bethany
name: Wainwright, Bethany
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: Our implementation of the Wagenmakers, Beek, and Dijkhoff RRR Protocol
Nonlinear studies of binary black hole mergers in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
Creators: name: Corman, Maxence
name: Ripley, Justin L.
name: East, William E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlinear dynamics of binary black hole systems with scalar charge by numerically evolving the full equations of motion for shift-symmetric Einstein scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We consider quasi-circular binaries with different mass-ratios, varying the Gauss-Bonnet coupling and quantifying its impact on the emitted scalar and gravitational waves. We compare our numerical results to post-Newtonian calculations of the radiation emitted during the inspiral. We demonstrate the accuracy of the leading-order terms in post-Newtonian theory in modeling the amplitude of the scalar waveform, but find that, at least for the last few orbits before merger, the currently available post-Newtonian theory is not sufficient to model the dephasing of the gravitational wave signal in this theory. We further find that there is non-negligible nonlinear enhancement in the scalar field at merger, but that the effect on the peak gravitational wave emission is small.
description: 38 pages, 14 figures, changed to match PRD version. Mathematica notebook attached. To view notebook, download the source file listed under "Other formats"
Nonlinear Acoustics and Shock Formation in Lossless Barotropic Green--Naghdi Fluids
Creators: name: Christov, Ivan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35Q35, 76N15, Secondary: 76L05, 35L67

description: The equations of motion of lossless compressible nonclassical fluids under the so-called Green--Naghdi theory are considered for two classes of barotropic fluids: (\textit{i}) perfect gases and (\textit{ii}) liquids obeying a quadratic equation of state. An exact reduction in terms of a scalar acoustic potential and the (scalar) thermal displacement is achieved. Properties and simplifications of these model nonlinear acoustic equations for unidirectional flows are noted. Specifically, the requirement that the governing system of equations for such flows remain hyperbolic is shown to lead to restrictions on the physical parameters and/or applicability of the model. A weakly nonlinear model is proposed on the basis of neglecting only terms proportional to the square of the Mach number in the governing equations, without any further approximation or modification of the nonlinear terms. Shock formation via acceleration wave blowup is studied numerically in a one-dimensional context using a high-resolution Godunov-type finite-volume scheme, thereby verifying prior analytical results on the blowup time and contrasting these results with the corresponding ones for classical (Euler) fluids.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, AIMS journals style; invited contribution to an upcoming special volume; v2 corrects some typographical errors, published in Evolution Equations and Control Theory (EECT)
Undermining lobbying coalitions: the interest group politics of EU copyright reform
Creators: name: Heermann, Max
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Recent studies show that, when salience is high, ‘heterogeneous lobbying coalitions’ uniting business and civil society groups are more successful in achieving their lobbying objectives than homogeneous coalitions. It is therefore surprising that a coalition of tech firms and civil society activists failed to prevent the adoption of the EU’s contested 2019 Copyright Directive, which constitutes a significant shift in the Union’s approach to online content regulation. This article argues that proponents of the policy change successfully undermined the lobbying coalition by invoking notions of ‘digital sovereignty’ and by delegitimizing activists as Silicon Valley’s ‘useful idiots’. Combining process-tracing of the lobbying processes and content analysis of European Parliament debates, the article shows how legislators employed delegitimation and sovereignty claims to justify their non-responsiveness to public protests. The article contributes to the interest group literature and debates on ‘digital sovereignty’ by demonstrating its strategic use in the policy-making process.
Pew Research Center Poll: July 2012, Omnibus Week 4--2012 Presidential Election
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2013

description: News stories followed closely (4); Colorado shooting (1); outside spending on presidential elections (1); effect of increased spending (3); knowledge of candidate positions (4); state Mitt Romney governed (1); company Romney controlled (1); candidate receiving more votes in state (1); current vice president (1); Republican Party seat majority (1); Chief Justice (1); state Barack Obama represented (1); knowledge of Super-PAC (1); gun rights vs. gun control (1).
Meeting Notes and Presentations
Creators: name: Bergmann, Christina
name: Frank, Michael
name: Gonzalez, Nayeli
name: Bergelson, Elika
name: Cristia, Alejandrina
name: Ferguson, Brock
name: Kline Struhl, Melissa
name: Soderstrom, Melanie
name: Yurovsky, Daniel
name: Byers-Heinlein, Krista
name: Panneton, Robin
name: Lew-Williams, Casey
name: Hamlin, Kiley
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: To be updated
Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from the pulsar wind nebula 3C 58 by MAGIC
Creators: name: López-Coto, R.
name: Carmona, E.
name: Bednarek, W.
name: Blanch, O.
name: Cortina, J.
name: Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
name: Torres, D.
name: Martín, J.
name: Pérez-Torres, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pulsar wind nebula (PWN) 3C 58 has been proposed as a good candidate for detection at VHE (VHE; E>100 GeV) for many years. It is powered by one of the highest spin-down power pulsars known (5\% of Crab pulsar) and it has been compared to the Crab Nebula due to its morphology. This object was previously observed by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (Whipple, VERITAS and MAGIC), and upper limit of 2.4\% Crab Unit (C.U.) at VHE. It was detected by Fermi-LAT with a spectrum extending beyond 100 GeV. We analyzed 81 hours of 3C 58 data taken with the MAGIC telescopes and we detected VHE gamma-ray emission with a significance of 5.7 sigma and an integral flux of 0.65\% C.U. above 1 TeV. We report the first significant detection of PWN 3C 58 at TeV energies. According to our results 3C 58 is the least luminous VHE gamma-ray PWN ever detected at VHE and the one with the lowest flux at VHE to date. We compare our results with the expectations of time-dependent models in which electrons up-scatter photon fields. The best representation favors a distance to the PWN of 2 kpc and Far Infrared (FIR) comparable to CMB photon fields. If we consider an unexpectedly high FIR density according to GALPROP, the data can also be reproduced by models assuming a 3.2 kpc distance. A low magnetic field, far from equipartition, is required to explain the VHE data. Hadronic contribution from the hosting supernova remnant (SNR) requires an unrealistic energy budget given the density of the medium, disfavoring cosmic ray acceleration in the SNR as origin of the VHE gamma-ray emission.
description: Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July- 6 August, 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands. The content of this submission is similar to our paper in the Fermi Symposium of 3C 58 discovery, which appeared as arXiv:1501.06405. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1501.06405
Proposal for the Effectiveness of the Protocol for the Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Function in Early Infancy (PANDI)
Creators: name: Wolfe, Stephanie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Early identification of children with developmental disabilities or at risk for developmental delay is important for intervention. However, children are often not identified, or the time between identification and service delivery is prolonged. Providers struggle to effectively assess developmental needs, interventionists find translation of medical needs to developmental needs difficult, and parents, although the principal care provider, are not often enough included and educated in their children's strengths and needs. In an attempt to address these clinical issues, a new neurodevelopmental assessment was created called the Protocol for the Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Function in Early Infancy (PANDI). This paper attempts to 1) explain the community need, from multiple perspectives, for an appropriate developmental assessment 2) evaluate the breadth of the current developmental assessments in the five areas of development needed in qualification for early intervention services, and 3) provide the background into which the PANDI was created. After providing this supporting information, a research study is proposed to verify that the PANDI can effectively identify greater developmental disabilities of the premature infant compared to the healthy infant in all five areas of development, correlate PANDI scores with current developmental assessments, predict future development, and provide functionality for parents, clinicians, and community providers.
Stellar feedback-regulated black hole growth: driving factors from nuclear to halo scales
Creators: name: Byrne, Lindsey
name: Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André
name: Stern, Jonathan
name: Anglés-Alcázar, Daniel
name: Wellons, Sarah
name: Gurvich, Alexander B.
name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several recent simulations of galaxy formation predict two main phases of supermassive black hole (BH) accretion: an early, highly intermittent phase (during which BHs are under-massive relative to local scaling relations), followed by a phase of accelerated growth. We investigate physical factors that drive the transition in BH accretion in cosmological zoom-in simulations from the FIRE project, ranging from dwarf galaxies to galaxies sufficiently massive to host luminous quasars. The simulations model multi-channel stellar feedback, but neglect AGN feedback. We show that multiple physical properties, including halo mass, galaxy stellar mass, and depth of the central gravitational potential correlate with accelerated BH fueling: constant thresholds in these properties are typically crossed within ~0.1 Hubble time of accelerated BH fueling. Black hole masses increase sharply when the stellar surface density in the inner 1 kpc crosses a threshold Sigma1 ~ 10^9.5 Msun/kpc^2, a characteristic value above which gravity prevents stellar feedback from ejecting gas, and similar to the value above which galaxies are observed to quench. We further show that accelerated BH growth correlates with the emergence of long-lived, thin gas disks, as well as with virialization of the inner circumgalactic medium. The halo mass Mh ~ 10^12 Msun and stellar mass Mstar ~ 10^10.5 Msun at which BH growth accelerates correspond to ~L* galaxies. The fact that stellar feedback becomes inefficient at ejecting gas from the nucleus above this mass scale may play an important role in explaining why AGN feedback appears to be most important in galaxies above ~L*.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, submitted to MNRAS
PaST-NoC: A Packet-Switched Superconducting Temporal NoC
Creators: name: Lyles, Darren
name: Gonzalez-Guerrero, Patricia
name: Bautista, Meriam Gay
name: Michelogiannakis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal computing promises to mitigate the stringent area constraints and clock distribution overheads of traditional superconducting digital computing. To design a scalable, area- and power-efficient superconducting network on chip (NoC), we propose packet-switched superconducting temporal NoC (PaST-NoC). PaST-NoC operates its control path in the temporal domain using race logic (RL), combined with bufferless deflection flow control to minimize area. Packets encode their destination using RL and carry a collection of data pulses that the receiver can interpret as pulse trains, RL, serialized binary, or other formats. We demonstrate how to scale up PaST-NoC to arbitrary topologies based on 2x2 routers and 4x4 butterflies as building blocks. As we show, if data pulses are interpreted using RL, PaST-NoC outperforms state-of-the-art superconducting binary NoCs in throughput per area by as much as 5x for long packets.
description: 14 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. In press in IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
title: Vulvar cancer: Staging with MRI
Creators: name: Peixoto, Sara
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genital (female) imaging
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female
subject: MR
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: An 80-year-old woman presented with pruritus and burning sensation with micturition for 6 months. Physical examination revealed a lesion in the vulva, with clitoris and vagina invasion and a palpable right inguinofemoral node. Biopsy revealed human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the vulvar lesion and right inguinofemoral node.

description: 80 years, female
title: Elastosonography to track muscle flexibility in MS spasticity after new THC/CBD based medication introduction
Creators: name: Illomei, Giovanni
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Elastography
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the use of real time elastography in evaluating muscle spasticity, whit real time elastography, before and after THC/CBD oromucosal spray as add-on treatment, for symptom improvement in patients with...
Long-term weight loss and improved intermediate cardiovascular outcomes associated with a Mediterranean-style diet in high-risk participants with diabetes: findings from the Heart Healthy Lenoir Project
Creators: name: Embree, Genevieve
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Objective: To determine whether a lifestyle intervention promoting a Mediterranean-style diet and physical activity results in improved lifestyle behaviors and weight loss among participants residing in the "stroke belt" of the Southeastern United States, where the rates of cardiovascular disease are disproportionately high, particularly among people with diabetes and African Americans. Research Design and Methods: The study was designed as a two-year prospective cohort study to evaluate the lifestyle intervention with an embedded randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a maintenance weight loss intervention during the second year. There were three phases of the study. Phase I (6 months long) was an individually-tailored lifestyle intervention promoting a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and increased walking. Phase II (also 6 months long) included an optional 16-week weight loss intervention for participants whose BMI was at least 25 kg/m2 or a maintenance of lifestyle intervention for all others. Phase III (12 months long) included optional participation in a maintenance of weight loss RCT for participants who lost at least 8 lbs or the maintenance of lifestyle intervention for all others. The Phase II weight loss intervention was offered in two formats: 16 weekly group sessions or 5 group sessions and 10 phone calls. Changes in lifestyle behaviors, physiologic cardiovascular intermediate outcomes, and weight were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 month follow-up visits and analyzed to determine differences by diabetes status and then by race within those groups. Results: Baseline characteristics (n=339): mean age 56, 77% female, 65% black, 37% had diabetes; mean weight was 103kg for those with diabetes, 95kg for those without diabetes. Outcomes: Participants with diabetes reported increased walking and activity times at 24 months, particularly among blacks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by over 8 mmHg at 24 months among black participants with diabetes. Participants with diabetes demonstrated greater weight loss than those without diabetes; those with diabetes lost an average of 1.2 kg, 1.5 kg, and 3.7 kg at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively. The intervention was highly acceptable in this population. Conclusions: Overall, participants with diabetes achieved a 3.7 kg sustained weight loss at 24 months. The study interventions also led to improved blood pressure, physical activity, diet quality, and a trend toward improvement in hemoglobin A1c among participants with diabetes. Further study of the lifestyle intervention is warranted with a RCT.
How quickly can anyons be braided? Or: How I learned to stop worrying about diabatic errors and love the anyon
Creators: name: Knapp, Christina
name: Zaletel, Michael
name: Liu, Dong E.
name: Cheng, Meng
name: Bonderson, Parsa
name: Nayak, Chetan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological phases of matter are a potential platform for the storage and processing of quantum information with intrinsic error rates that decrease exponentially with inverse temperature and with the length scales of the system, such as the distance between quasiparticles. However, it is less well-understood how error rates depend on the speed with which non-Abelian quasiparticles are braided. In general, diabatic corrections to the holonomy or Berry's matrix vanish at least inversely with the length of time for the braid, with faster decay occurring as the time-dependence is made smoother. We show that such corrections will not affect quantum information encoded in topological degrees of freedom, unless they involve the creation of topologically nontrivial quasiparticles. Moreover, we show how measurements that detect unintentionally created quasiparticles can be used to control this source of error.
description: 33 pages, 18 figures, version 3: extended results to general anyon braiding
title: Cone Beam CT Vs Multi-Detector CT in maxillofacial studies: dosimetry and technical aspects
Creators: name: Testa, Francesco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: CT
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Diagnostic procedure

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a technology that has gradually spread and that is contending with theconventional Multi Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) the role of reference in the study of maxillofacial structures, because the...
Newborn Screening For Hemoglobinopathies In North Carolina: Analysis Of Follow-Up Care
Creators: name: Greene, Yvonne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: BACKGROUND: Newborn screening (NBS) for hemoglobinopathies is an effective first step to reduce morbidity and mortality of all affected newborns. The screening allows early detection and intervention of abnormal hemoglobin disorders. Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for bacterial infections. Timely initiation of penicillin prophylaxis could reduce the morbidity and mortality of these invasive infections. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to determine the incidence rate of SCD in infants born in North Carolina and assess the effectiveness of penicillin prophylaxis within 3 months among these infants as well as evaluate the follow-up process. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of infants with SCD identified through NBS from 2005 to 2009 was performed to identify penicillin initiation rate within 3 months of age as recommended by the state program guidelines. Age (in days) at time of penicillin initiation was calculated using birth and initiation dates. Incidence and detection rates were also computed. Characteristics were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: In total, 590 North Carolina infants were identified with a hemoglobin disorder. Of the 590 infants, 475 (81%) were diagnosed with SCD. A 5-year incidence of SCD among North Carolina live births was 74.32 per 100,000 or 1 in every 1,346 births. The incidence of SCD in black births was higher than other race/ethnic groups with 1 SCD baby in every 343 births. Based on these data, 457 infants with SCD were analyzed in the initiation of penicillin prophylaxis by 3 months of age. There was a highly significant difference between the time to initiate penicillin within 3 months among the 13 regions in North Carolina during this 5-year period (89.3% vs. 10.7%, p=0.002). However, there was no statistical significance in the incidence of SCD over the 5 years. Seven deaths (1.5%) occurred during this time period, with 1 SCD death (0.2%) related to pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study support universal NBS and early intervention of penicillin prophylaxis. Public health leaders are urged to develop a greater focus on the importance of trait counseling, as well as education concerning the role of NBS and the importance of prophylactic penicillin for infants with SCD. Further studies should be directed toward adherence of penicillin therapy within 3 months of age for children with SCD and measures to track infants currently lost to follow-up.
Intrinsic ferromagnetic axion states and a single pair of Weyl fermions in the stable-state Mn\emph{X}$_{2}$\emph{B}$_{2}$\emph{T}$_{6}$-family materials
Creators: name: Gao, Yan
name: Wu, Weikang
name: Gong, Ben-Chao
name: Yang, Huan-Cheng
name: Zhou, Xiang-Feng
name: Liu, Yong
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
name: Liu, Kai
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intrinsic ferromagnetic (FM) axion insulators and Weyl semimetals (WSMs) with only single pair of Weyl points have drawn intensive attention but so far remain rare and elusive in real materials. Here, we propose a new class of Mn\emph{X}$_{2}$\emph{B}$_{2}$\emph{T}$_{6}$-B (\emph{X}=Ge, Sn, or Pb; \emph{B}=Sb or Bi; \emph{T}=Se or Te) family that is the stable structural form of this system. We find that the Mn\emph{X}$_{2}$\emph{B}$_{2}$\emph{T}$_{6}$-B family has not only the intrinsic FM axion insulators MnGe$_{2}$Bi$_{2}$Te$_{6}$-B, MnSn$_{2}$Bi$_{2}$Te$_{6}$-B, and MnPb$_{2}$Bi$_{2}$Te$_{6}$-B, but also the intrinsic WSM MnSn$_{2}$Sb$_{2}$Te$_{6}$-B with only a single pair of Weyl points. Thus, the Mn\emph{X}$_{2}$\emph{B}$_{2}$\emph{T}$_{6}$-B family can provide an ideal platform to explore the exotic topological magnetoelectric effect and the intrinsic properties related to Weyl points.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
title: Comparison of planar and SPECT perfusion lung scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism
Creators: name: Gera, Eliza
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Lung
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: SPECT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a severe and potentially fatal disease and therefore needs to be diagnosed as early as possible [1]. PE is caused when an embolus travels to the lungs, and gets lodged within the arteries in the...
X-rays from Hot Subdwarfs
Creators: name: Mereghetti, Sandro
name: La Palombara, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to the high sensitivity of the instruments on board the XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites, it has become possible to explore the properties of the X-ray emission from hot subdwarfs. The small but growing sample of hot subdwarfs detected in X-rays includes binary systems, in which the X-rays result from wind accretion onto a compact companion (white dwarf or neutron star), as well as isolated sdO stars in which X-rays are probably due to shock instabilities in the wind. X-ray observations of these low mass stars provide information which can be useful also for our understanding of the winds of more luminous and massive early-type stars and can lead to the discovery of particularly interesting binary systems.
description: Review paper to be published in Advances in Space Research (special issue on "X-ray emission from hot stars and their winds")
Aging and HIV: Preparing Providers for the Growing Population of Older Adults Living with HIV
Creators: name: Perfect, Chelsea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Introduction: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has improved the life expectancy of adults living with HIV. As more people with HIV develop geriatric syndromes, new healthcare models may be necessary. This research aims to understand provider readiness to address the needs of older adults living with HIV and opinions about potential care models. Methods: I distributed a cross-sectional questionnaire using the North Carolina AIDS Training and Education Center listserve. This study analyzes data only from providers with a license to prescribe and who care for patients with HIV. The survey asked about (1) provider interest in additional help with certain geriatric conditions, (2) provider priorities regarding preventive medicine recommendations, and (3) provider opinions about potential care models. All data were self-reported. I conducted univariate and bivariate analyses using Stata SE 15.Results: Analysis included responses from 27 participants. All participants worked in North Carolina and saw older patients (age ≥ 50). Because the ability to prescribe was an inclusion criterion, physicians were the most common respondents. Participants were most interested in help with multiple comorbid conditions (Median: 85, IQR: 65-100), polypharmacy (at least 5 medications) (Median: 83, IQR: 51-100), cognitive impairment (Median: 80, IQR: 68.5-96), and mood disorders (Median: 80, IQR: 67-92). Respondents were most likely to rank screening for blood pressure (58%), diabetes (46%), and depression (46%) as the USPSTF recommendations they regarded as most important. The most recognized structural changes were developing formal guidelines (68%), creating regular training sessions in geriatric topics (60%), and adding allied health professionals for in-home or in-clinic assessments (60%).Discussion: Current infectious disease providers are already considering important geriatrics-specific interventions, but they also recognize a need for additional help in diagnosing and managing geriatric syndromes. Future efforts to address the aging HIV population should focus on developing formal guidelines, creating regular training sessions for infectious diseases providers, and considering the role of allied health care workers.
Strong effect of fluid rheology on electrokinetic instability and subsequent mixing phenomena in a microfluidic T-junction
Creators: name: Hamid, F.
name: Sasmal, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study presents a detailed investigation of how the rheological behaviour of fluid could influence the electrokinetic instability (EKI) phenomenon in a microfluidic T-junction. The non-Newtonian power-law model with different values of the power-law index (n) is used to obtain fluids of different rheological behaviours. We find that as the fluid rheological behaviour changes from shear-thickening (n > 1) to shear-thinning (n < 1) via the Newtonian (n = 1) one, the EKI phenomenon is significantly influenced under the same conditions. In particular, the intensity of this EKI phenomenon is found to be significantly higher in shear-thinning fluids than in Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids. As a result, the corresponding mixing phenomenon, often achieved using this EKI phenomenon, is also notably enhanced in shear-thinning fluids compared to that achieved in Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids. A detailed analysis of both the flow dynamics and mixing phenomena in terms of streamlines, velocity fluctuations, concentration field, mixing efficiency, etc., is presented and discussed in this study. We also employ the data-driven dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) technique to analyze the flow field in more detail. In particular, the information on the coherent flow structures obtained with different values of the power-law index facilitates the understanding of both the EKI-induced chaotic convection and mixing phenomena in a better way; for instance, why the mixing efficiency is higher in shear-thinning fluids than that in Newtonian and shear-thickening fluids. Moreover, we observe that the spatial expanse and intensity of these coherent structures differ significantly as the power-law index changes, thereby providing valuable insights into certain aspects of the underlying flow dynamics that otherwise are not clearly apparent from other analyses.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.08735
Multilayer Pt/Al Based Ohmic contacts for AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures Stable up to 600oC Ambient Air
Creators: name: Goyal, Nitin
name: Dusari, Srujana
name: Bardong, Jochen
name: Medjdoub, Farid
name: Kenda, Andreas
name: Binder, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a Pt/Al multilayer stack-based ohmic contact metallization for AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. CTLM structures were fabricated to assess the electrical properties of the proposed metallization. The fabricated stack shows excellent stability after more than 100 hours of continuous aging at 600oC in air. Measured I-V characteristics of the fabricated samples show excellent linearity after the aging. The Pt/Al-based metallization shows great potential for future device and sensor applications in extreme environment conditions.
Effects of rapid maxillary expansion on anchorage alveolar bone meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Ruijun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a routine method for correcting transverse maxillary deficiency. This paper investigated the effect of RME on anchorage alveolar bone and examined the differences between micro-implant-assisted RME and conventional RME. Relevant articles were selected from the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Review Manager software (v.5.3) was used for the pooled analysis and Cochran Q and I2 statistic tests were used to assess the heterogeneity. Following conventional RME, the distal buccal alveolar bone thickness and the mesiobuccal alveolar thickness of the maxillary first molars were significantly reduced. Hyrax (standard mean difference [SMD]: −0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.20–0.66) and Haas procedures (SMD: −0.88, 95% CI: −1.40–0.36) significantly reduced the buccal vertical alveolar height of the maxillary first molars. Similar results were obtained for the maxillary first premolars following RME. The thickness of the buccal alveolar bone decreased with conventional RME compared to when using the method assisted by micro-implants. Conventional RME can reduce the thickness and vertical height of maxillary alveolar bone, and there is less loss of alveolar bone when using micro-implant-assisted RME. Further research is needed to validate the findings.
Helpful Neighbors: Leveraging Neighbors in Geographic Feature Pronunciation
Creators: name: Jones, Llion
name: Sproat, Richard
name: Ishikawa, Haruko
name: Gutkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: If one sees the place name Houston Mercer Dog Run in New York, how does one know how to pronounce it? Assuming one knows that Houston in New York is pronounced "how-ston" and not like the Texas city, then one can probably guess that "how-ston" is also used in the name of the dog park. We present a novel architecture that learns to use the pronunciations of neighboring names in order to guess the pronunciation of a given target feature. Applied to Japanese place names, we demonstrate the utility of the model to finding and proposing corrections for errors in Google Maps. To demonstrate the utility of this approach to structurally similar problems, we also report on an application to a totally different task: Cognate reflex prediction in comparative historical linguistics. A version of the code has been open-sourced (https://github.com/google-research/google-research/tree/master/cognate_inpaint_neighbors).
description: 16 pages, to appear Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Finite energy quantization on a topology changing spacetime
Creators: name: Krasnikov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "trousers" spacetime is a pair of flat 2D cylinders ("legs") merging into into a single one ("trunk"). In spite of its simplicity this spacetime has a few features (including, in particular, a naked singularity in the "crotch") each of which is presumably unphysical, but for none of which a mechanism is known able to prevent its occurrence. Therefore it is interesting and important to study the behavior of the quantum fields in such a space. Anderson and DeWitt were the first to consider the free scalar field in the trousers spacetime. They argued that the crotch singularity produces an infinitely bright flash, which was interpreted as evidence that the topology of space is dynamically preserved. Similar divergencies were later discovered by Manogue, Copeland and Dray who used a more exotic quantization scheme. Later yet the same result obtained within a somewhat different approach led Sorkin to the conclusion that the topological transition in question is suppressed in quantum gravity. In this paper I show that the Anderson--DeWitt divergence is an artifact of their choice of the Fock space. By choosing a different one-particle Hilbert space one gets a quantum state in which the components of the stress-energy tensor (SET) are bounded in the frame of a free-falling observer.
description: v.2 The zeroth mode is abandoned. The presentation is simplified and clarified v.3 Title has changed. A few typos are corrected, etc
title: Observer performance for detection of peripheral lung cancer in asbestos-exposed workers: comparison between plain radiograph and low-dose CT
Creators: name: Ashizawa, Kazuto
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: Screening
subject: Cancer
subject: Occupational / Environmental hazards

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction In Japan, biannual chest radiographic screening is performed in principle for asbestos-exposed worker based on the Industrial Safety and Health Law. An annual chest radiographic screening for lung cancer among Japanese general...
British Gallup Poll: CQ 035
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 1996

description: Government approval rating(1); Thatcher approval rating(1); political party leaders(6); political party(2); 1987 election(2); most important problem(14); united vs divided parties(2); best Prime Minister(1); personal financial situation(1); economic situation(1); Labour government(4); taxes(1); trade unions(8); Gulf crisis(3).
Pain Screening in Primary Care
Creators: name: Krebs, Erin, MD
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Pain screening has become an increasingly common practice in primary care, largely because pain screening has been adopted as a quality benchmark by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAH0). The principal goal of universal pain screening is to systematically identify patients in need of additional assessment and treatment for pain. Although this practice is now widespread and mandatory in many primary care settings, it has not been adequately evaluated. This paper will describe 3 projects that were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of pain screening in primary care: a literature review, a retrospective chart review, and a prospective observational study conducted in the University of North Carolina (UNC) Internal Medicine Clinic. We used criteria developed by the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) to guide our evaluations. These criteria for a good screening test are: 1) the test must be sufficiently accurate and capable of detecting a condition earlier than routine care and 2) the likelihood of favorable outcomes should be improved by screening and early treatment. We conducted a literature review to determine whether studies were available to assess either of these criteria. We then conducted a retrospective chart review and a prospective observational study to evaluate the first of the two USPSTF criteria, the accuracy of pain screening as a way to identify patients in need of additional assessment and treatment.
The experiences of Finnish dental professionals in handling child abuse and neglect issues in their daily work
Creators: name: Alapulli, Heikki
name: Blomqvist, My
name: Tupola, Sarimari
name: Valkama, Elisa
name: Nikkola, Eeva
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This study aimed to assess the experiences, attitudes and knowledge of child abuse and neglect (CAN) among dentists, dental hygienists and dental nurses in Finland. A web-based CAN survey was sent to 8500 Finnish dental professionals, covering demographic characteristics, dental education, suspicion of CAN, actions taken and reasons for inaction as well as training on CAN issues. The chi-squared (χ2) test was used to analyse associations. In total, 1586 questionnaires with valid data were completed. Among respondents, 25.8% had received at least some undergraduate training and 36.3% had received postgraduate training on child maltreatment issues. In addition, 43% of respondents had at least one suspicion of CAN at some point during their career. Of those, 64.3% did not refer to social services. Training positively associated with the identification of CAN and referral frequencies. Uncertainty about an observation (80.1%) and a lack of knowledge regarding procedures (43.9%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Finnish dental professionals need more education on child abuse and neglect issues. Competence related to CAN is fundamental to their skills given that all dental professionals regularly work with children and are obligated to report their concerns to proper authorities.
title: Studies on reduction of exposure dose using digital scattered X-ray removal processing
Creators: name: Kashiyama, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer applications
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Anatomy
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Radiation effects
subject: Workforce

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In Japan, x-ray examination of the chest region is carried out with portable equipment on medical wards for the management of the critically-ill patient. These patients whose condition is so severe that they cannot be transferred to an x-ray...
Spatially Resolving Electron Spin Resonance of $π$-Radical in Single-molecule Magnet
Creators: name: Kawaguchi, Ryo
name: Hashimoto, Katsushi
name: Kakudate, Toshiyuki
name: Katoh, Keiichi
name: Yamashita, Masahiro
name: Komeda, Tadahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spintronic properties of magnetic molecules have attracted significant scientific attention. Special emphasis has been placed on the qubit for quantum information processing. The single molecule magnet, bis(phthalocyaninato (Pc)) Tb(III) (TbPc2), is one of the best examined cases in which the delocalized π-radical electron spin of the Pc ligand plays the key role in reading and intermediating the localized Tb spin qubits. We utilized the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique implemented on scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and use it to measure local ESR of single TbPc2 molecule decoupled from the Cu(100) substrate by 2 monolayers NaCl film to identify the π-radical spin. We detected the ESR signal at the ligand positions at the resonance condition expected for the S = 1/2 spin. The results reveal that the π-radical electron is delocalized within the ligands and exhibits intramolecular coupling susceptible to the chemical environment.
title: Linking positions in MLO and CC acquisitions of digital breast tomosynthesis
Creators: name: Kelm, Michael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Image registration

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images are frequently acquired from two views, MLO and CC, which require different compressions of the breast. Suspicious findings located in one view are sometimes difficult to localize in the ipsilateral view. In...
title: Differentiation between intracranial arteries and veins using whole-brain CT perfusion: a wavelet-transformation-based algorithm
Creators: name: Havla, Lukas
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: In conventional single-phase computed tomography angiography (cCTA) the timing of contrast agent application influences the visualization of rather arterial (1), arteriovenous (2), and venous (3) phases of the cerebral vasculature. Vessel...
Free Dynamics of Feature Learning Processes
Creators: name: Furtlehner, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Regression models usually tend to recover a noisy signal in the form of a combination of regressors, also called features in machine learning, themselves being the result of a learning process.The alignment of the prior covariance feature matrix with the signal is known to play a key role in the generalization properties of the model, i.e. its ability to make predictions on unseen data during training. We present a statistical physics picture of the learning process. First we revisit the ridge regression to obtain compact asymptotic expressions for train and test errors, rendering manifest the conditions under which efficient generalization occurs. It is established thanks to an exact test-train sample error ratio combined with random matrix properties. Along the way in the form of a self-energy emerges an effective ridge penalty \textemdash\ precisely the train to test error ratio \textemdash\ which offer a very simple parameterization of the problem. This formulation appears convenient to tackle the learning process of the feature matrix itself. We derive an autonomous dynamical system in terms of elementary degrees of freedom of the problem determining the evolution of the relative alignment between the population matrix and the signal. A macroscopic counterpart of these equations is also obtained and various dynamical mechanisms are unveiled, allowing one to interpret the dynamics of simulated learning processes and reproduce trajectories of single experimental run with high precision.
description: preprint, 46 pages,8 figures