Xenoceraspis longimacularia Zhang 1988
Creators: name: Bezděk, Aleš
name: Lu, Yuanyuan
name: Král, David
name: Bai, Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Xenoceraspis
Xenoceraspis longimacularia

description: Xenoceraspis longimacularia Zhang, 1988
(Figures 10–13, 16, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27)
Xenoceraspis longimacularius Zhang, 1988, p. 245, 248, Figures 1, 2 (primary description); Wada 2013, p. 13 (record from Shaqiong village, Chayu County, Xizang); Krajčík 2012, p. 263 (catalogue); Bezděk 2016, p. 212 (catalogue).
Xenoceraspis longimacularis [incorrect subsequent spelling]: Bezděk 2006, p. 191 (catalogue); Kobayashi and Fujioka 2015: unpaginated (record from Dibang valley); Schoolmeesters 2024 (online catalogue).
Type locality
Xizang: Medog (Xirang), 800–1,000 m.
Type material examined
China (Xizang): HT (Figures 10, 11), ♂, labelled:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 800-1000m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.18 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw] || HOLOTYPE [red label, p] || Xenoceraspis ♂ | longimacularis sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者:章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85.V. 20 [hw];
AT (Figures 12, 13), ♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 800-1000m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.18 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw] || ALLOTYPE [green label, p] || Xenoceraspis ♀ | longimacularis sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者:章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85.V. 20 [hw];
PT, 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 800-1000m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.18 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw/p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p];
PT, 1 ♂:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 1000-1200m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.9 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p];
PT, 1 ♂, 1 ♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 850m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.14 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p];
PT, 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 1000-1200m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.28 [hw] | 采集者: 韩寅恒 [collected by: Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p];
PT, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 背崩 [Baibung] | 700-800m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.IV.31 [hw] | 采集者: 韩寅恒 [collected by: Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p];
PT, 2 ♀♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 背崩 [Baibung] | 850m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.V.17 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p];
PT, 1 ♀:
西藏 [Xizang] [p] 西工湖 [Xigong Hu] | 1250-1650m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983.V.8 [hw] | 采集者: 林再 [collected by: Lin Zai] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p].
All types are deposited in IZAS.
Additional material examined
China (Xizang): 1♂, 1 ♀ (MUCC), Chayu, Xia Chayu, vi. 2017, local collector; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), Chayu, Xia Chayu, vi. 2018, local collector; India /China border: 1 ♀ (BMNH), Mishmi Hills, 18.v. 1922, Percy Sladen expedition; 1 ♀ (BMNH), Mishmi Hills, Lohit river, 30.iii. 1935, M. Steele [lgt.]; 1 ♂ (IECA), Lower Dibang valley district, road Tiwarigaon – Mayudia, 1,500–2,000 m, 28.–29.v. 2019, lgt. St. Jákl.
Redescription
Males. Body length 9.1–11.2 mm (Figure 10). Body elongate, moderately convex, dorsal surface brown; ventral surface blackish brown; all femora and tibiae brown with darkened basal and apical parts; head appendages brown; shiny, setation black and pale. Head covered with short, stout, semierect setae; surface of pronotum with short, recumbent, pale setae mixed with few extremely long, erect black setae and with longitudinal stripe of recumbent, pale scale-like setae in the middle. Elytra irregularly covered with semierect, pale setae and several patches of pale, scale-like setae, lateral parts of elytra with several very long, stout, erect setae. Legs and ventral surface with long, pale, resumbent setae, partially mixed with sparse, short and stout setation.
Head including clypeus densely and coarsely punctate with short, semierect setae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin distinctly upturned with rounded angles. Frontoclypeal and occipital carinae absent. Eye canthus broad, short. Eyes rather small, only slightly extended beyond canthus laterally. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club trimerous, distinctly shorter than antennal shaft. Antennomeres 1–7 with few isolated setae, club sparsely covered with moderately long, erect setae. Labrum transverse, lobes rounded, with coarse irreglarly spaced punctures bearing long erect setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, terminal palpomere narrow, only slightly expanded laterally, nearly as long as palpomeres 1–3 combined. Labial palpus trimerous, considerably short.
Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, convex, widest about at middle; base broader than anterior margin. Basal margin with two angular projections and rounded lobe between them. Surface of pronotum very densely and coarsely punctate with the exception of narrow transverse mostly impunctate area in front of scutellum. Surface covered with dense, short, semirecumbent setae mixed with few isolated long, erect setae and with longitudinal stripe of scale-like setae in middle. Lateral margins slightly crenulate, with long setae.
Scutellum broad, with two projections basally fitting into notches of pronotum. Surface punctate and covered by scale-like setae, with exception of impunctate stripe at middle.
Elytra convex, distincly dilated laterally just in front of metacoxal plate, sutural angle obtuse-angulate. Striae absent, humeral umbone distinct, sparsely punctate. Surface of elytra shiny, covered with shallow, irregularly spaced punctures and moderately dense, semirecumbent, short setae mixed with several remarkably long, stout, erect setae and with several patches of scale-like setae. Epipleura distinct, complete, narrow, with row of short rect setae.
Macropterous
Legs with femora shiny, irregularly punctate, setaceous; metafemora distinctly enlarged, with row of stout short erect setae on posterior margin; metacoxal plate remarkably enlarged. Protibiae narrow, distinctly bidentate; terminal spur absent. Mesotibiae slightly expanded apically, with weak trace of transversal carina. Mesotibial apical spurs short, subequal in length, flattened, acute apically. Metatibiae modified, considerably enlarged apically, beak-like (Figure 19), with weak trace of transversal carina, ventrally with depressed, elongated area covered with short, erect setae. Terminal spurs of metatibiae absent. Protarsomeres moderately broad; protarsomeres 2–4 about as long as wide, with setaceous pads ventrally; protarsomere 5 elongated, nearly as long as protarsomeres 2–4 combined, with two rows of short erect setae ventrally and two conspicous, stout, erect setae ventrobasally. Mesotarsomeres 1–4 distinctly modified, strongly contracted, saucer-shaped, with setaceous pads ventrally, mesotarsomere 5 elongated, stout. Metatarsomeres unmodified, narrow, elongated. Tarsal claws long, stout, symmetrical, equal in length; protarsal claws cleft apically.
Ventral side of thorax and abdominal ventrites 3–7 covered with moderately long erect setae. Pygidium large, convex, irregularly coarsely punctate, with short semirecumbent setae mixed with scale-like setae. Lateral margins of pygidium distinctly bordered.
Male genitalia
Parameres symmetrical, covered with moderately long, sparse, erect setae (Figure 16).
Females (Figures 12) differ from males in the following characters: body length: 8.2–10.9 mm, antennal club slightly shorter, pronotum covered with dense, moderately long, erect setae, metafemora and metatibiae unmodified, protarsomeres 2–4 longer than wide, mesotarsomeres 1–4 much less contracted, about as long as wide.
Differential diagnosis
The males of X. longimacularia differ from X. calcarata by the absence of spurs on the metatibiae and from X. kurseongana by the considerably enlarged and clearly beak-like tip of the metatibiae (Figure 19). The females of X. longimacularia are very similar to those of X. kurseongana, they can be recognised by the shape of the lateral part of the elytra (compare Figures 23 and 24). See also the key for identification below.
Distribution
China: Nyingchi prefecture in the southeastern Xizang and a disputed area between India and China south of McMahon Line (Zhang 1988; Wada 2013; Kobayashi and Fujioka 2015; this paper) (Figure 27).
Remark
The species was described from a relatively large number of specimens, the male holotype and 34 paratypes (11 males and 23 females), all from Mêdog County. Zhang (1988) noted, that the types were deposited in IZAS.
Specimens from Xizang: Xia Chayu have partially abraded scale-like setae forming white spots on the elytra. The identification was confirmed by the shape of the apical part of metatibiae of the male.
description: Published as part of Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David & Bai, Ming, 2025, Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920, pp. 57-75 in Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4) on pages 67-73, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, http://zenodo.org/record/14765099