cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The 1979, March 5 Gamma-Ray Transient: Was it a Classic Gamma-Ray Burst?
Creators: name: Fenimore, E. E.
name: Klebesadel, R. W.
name: Laros, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The March 5th, 1979 gamma-ray transient has long been thought to be fundamentally different from the classic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). It had recurrences, pulsations, and a soft spectral component unlike classic GRBs. With the exception of the soft component reported from the Konus experiment, the unusual characteristics of March 5th were detectable main peak differs markedly from the published Konus spectrum. Rather than being dominated by a soft component similar to that observed in the soft gamma repeaters (SGRs), the ICE-PVO spectrum appears to be consistent with a classic GRB spectrum, especially above 100 keV. We believe that, given the ICE-PVO spectral observations, the March 5th transient would have been classified as a classic GRB when it was discovered. The SGRs and GRBs could be consanguineous: high-velocity neutron stars initially produce SGR events (and, occasionally a GRB like March 5th) and when they are older and in the galactic corona, they go through a GRB phase. The March 5th event demonstrates that high-velocity neutron stars at distances of tens kpc are capable of producing events like classic GRBs.
description: 32 pages, uuencoded Postscript with figures. Also available via ftp at ftp://nis-ftp.lanl.gov/pub/grb/march5.ps
Improved HVAC commissioning using wireless sensor networks
Creators: name: Noye, Sarah Tiphaine Ada
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Commercial buildings present a significant potential for energy saving, in particular through the operation of their air-conditioning systems. Regulations and policies are driving to- wards better energy efficiency, but are mainly focused on the design stages. In practice, there is a performance gap between design and operation of new buildings. One of the causes of this gap is the failure to commission buildings for energy efficiency and comfort. Historically commissioning is limited to design compliance and security checks and would need to scale up to account for the necessity of reducing new buildings’ energy foot- print. However, due to inevitable delays in the construction process, commissioning tends to stop when the building reaches ‘practical completion’. It is thus difficult to increase the commissioning scope pre-handover. Additionally, currently available measurements are not suitable to go through the remaining ‘snag’ list or understand comfort and energy issues. This thesis examines the potential and practicality of using wireless sensor networks (WSN) to perform a post occupancy commissioning (PO-Cx) process for energy and occu- pants’ comfort performance. Requirements for such a WSN are determined from analysing building commissioning practices and the faults they fail to identify. An ad hoc WSN prototype is developed and verified. A proof of concept is established through a six-month deployment on a newly refurbished university building. It is concluded that WSN is a key tool to integrate energy performance and comfort to the commissioning of new buildings. The possibility to install them with minimum disruption of an occupied building and to analysis the data remotely means that it is easy to perform additional commissioning tasks post-handover. Recommendations to develop a commercial WSN for PO-Cx application are given and general strategies for PO-Cx are discussed based on the experience acquired.
Panama Papers: a case for reproducible research, data activism and frictionless data
Creators: name: Offray Luna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: reproducible research , data activism , data journalism , accountability , data visualization , grafoscopio , roassal , sqlite

description: The leak about offshore companies and tax heavens is the biggest
 one in history up to now in size, reach and complexity, but despite that,
 the curated data released to the general public is pretty small (~36
 Mb of compressed data). This could open an opportunity for a more
 plural comprehension and participation of the interested citizens
 with an approach that combines reproducible research, data activism
 and friction-less data and could draw some insights and recommended
 practices and technologies when more information and other research
 becomes available.
description: This publication has a software object/repository associated.
Simulating Electron Transport and Synchrotron Emission in Radio Galaxies: Shock Acceleration and Synchrotron Aging in Axis-Symmetric Flows
Creators: name: Jones, T. W.
name: Ryu, Dongsu
name: Engel, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple and economical but effective method for including relativistic electron transport in multi-dimensional simulations of radio galaxies. The method is designed to follow explicitly diffusive acceleration at shocks, and, in smooth flows 2nd order Fermi acceleration plus adiabatic and synchrotron cooling. We are able to follow both the spatial and energy distributions of the electrons, so that direct synchrotron emission properties can be modeled in time-dependent flows for the first time. Here we present first results in the form of some axis-symmetric MHD simulations of Mach 20 light jet flows. These show clearly the importance of nonsteady terminal shocks that develop in such flows even when the jet inflow is steady. As a result of this and other consequences of the fundamentally driven character of jets, we find complex patterns of emissivities and synchrotron spectra, including steep spectral gradients in hot spots, islands of distinct spectra electrons within the lobes and spectral gradients coming from the dynamical histories of a given flow element rather than from synchrotron aging of the embedded electrons. In addition, spectral aging in the lobes tends to proceed more slowly than one would estimate from regions of high emissivity.
description: 30 pages of Latex generated text plus 7 figures in gif format. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. High resolution postscript figures available through anonymous ftp at ftp://ftp.msi.umn.edu/pub/users/twj/RGjet
Demand response through point-of-load voltage control
Creators: name: Chakravorty, Diptargha
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Increasing penetration of non-synchronous generators (e.g. wind) would result in drastic reduction of the system (effective) inertia in future especially, during the low demand condition. Moreover, the possibility of larger and more frequent infeed losses is likely to cause unacceptably large variations in grid frequency and its rate-of-change (RoCoF). Restricting RoCoF within acceptable limits will be critical to avoid triggering of mains protection relays based on RoCoF which could lead to cascading outages and threaten system security. Rapid response from loads could be crucial in such situations to ensure secure operation of the system. Flexibility in certain types of loads could be exploited to provide fast and controllable power reserve if the supply voltage/frequency is controlled using the existing power electronic interfaces (e.g. motor drives) or additional ones like recently proposed `Electric Spring' (ES). This thesis investigates the availability of fast shortterm power reserve from such controllable loads and shows their effectiveness in collectively contributing to inertial and/or primary frequency control. The proportion of different types of voltage-dependent loads varies depending on the time of the day. It is, therefore, important to determine the available reserve from such loads over the time horizon. The thesis proposes an online estimation method which can be used by the system operators to estimate available reserve in real time and schedule other forms of reserves accordingly. For practical implementation of ES in future distribution networks, it is important to investigate the operation of multiple such devices and their interaction with the change in network parameters. This thesis has developed both the time and frequency-domain models to study the control loop dynamics of ES in order to mitigate any adverse interaction.
The Dynamics and Outcomes of Rapid Infall onto Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Fryer, Chris L.
name: Benz, Willy
name: Herant, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive study of accretion onto neutron stars in which the velocity of the neutron star and structure of the surrounding medium is such that the Bondi-Hoyle accretion exceeds .001 Msun/y. For most cases, hypercritical accretion due to rapid neutrino cooling allows the neutron star to accrete above the Bondi-Hoyle rate as previously pointed out by Chevalier. However, for a subset of simulations which corresponds to evolutionarily common events, convection driven by neutrino heating can lead to explosions by a mechanism similar to that found in core-collapse supernovae. Armed with the results from our calculations, we are in a position to predict the fate of a range of rapid-infall neutron star accretors present in certain low-mass X-ray binaries, common envelope systems, supernova fallbacks and Thorne-Zytkow objects (TZOs). A majority of the common envelope systems that we considered led to explosions expelling the envelope, halting the neutron star's inward spiral, and allowing the formation of close binary systems. Smothered neutron stars produced in collisions also lead to explosions, preventing them from forming millisecond pulsars. For supernovae in which the fallback of material towards the neutron star is large, we find that a black hole is formed within a few seconds. Finally, we argue that the current set of TZO formation scenarios is inadequate and leads instead to hypercritical accretion and black hole formation. Moreover, it appears that many of the current TZ models have structures ill-suited for modeling by mixing length convection. This has prompted us to develop a simple test to determine the viability of this approximation for a variety of convective systems.
description: 41 pages, 18 figures, for full color version of figure 6 send e-mail to cfryer@as.arizona.edu, to appear in the March 20, 1996 addition of the Astrophysical Journal
Nanoscale films for near infrared active plasmonic devices
Creators: name: Braic, Laurentiu
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: As optoelectronic components become nano-dimensional, controlling the coupling between light and matter at the nanoscale has become a major technological challenge, as well as the subject of theoretical studies. The aim of this work is threefold. First, to assess the suitability of ferroelectric thin films - Barium Strontium Titanate (BST), and Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN), as active media for plasmonic devices. Second, to find suitable thin film electrodes for such devices, by exploring and optimizing the plasmonic behaviour of already known conductive materials, conductive oxides (Strontium Ruthenate - SRO), and transitional metal nitrides (Titanium nitride - TiN). Third, to optimize the deposition process of metallic (Silver – Ag) films, so as to improve their smoothness, and thus their suitability for plasmonic applications and lithography in general. SBN ceramic targets were sintered. SBN and BST films were deposited by PLD and ellipsometry and normal incidence reflectometry were used to examine their optical tunability. Ellipsometry was further used to measure the effects of the residual strain of the BST thin films on their optical properties. BST and SBN films were found to exhibit a birefringence under bias along the direction of growth. A residual strain variation along the films’ direction of growth was inferred from an observed non-linear change in the refractive index of BST films along that same direction. SRO and TiN films were fabricated using PLD and reactive magnetron sputtering, respectively. The effects of the deposition pressure upon structure, charge carrier concentration and mobility, and optical properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Hall-effect measurements, and ellipsometry. The optical properties of SRO were explained based on electron concentration and structure. SRO was confirmed as a promising plasmonic material, for applications in the near infrared range and at elevated temperatures. The influence of the deposition temperature upon the optical properties of TiN films was shown. Films grown at high temperature (800oC) had quasi-metallic optical properties, while films grown at room temperature exhibited well defined plasmon bandwidth, between two distinct Epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) frequencies, which has been linked to the uniform oxidation of the samples). Finally, Ag thin films were deposited using magnetron sputtering, in an Ar/He atmosphere. The effect of the sputtering gas ratio on the films structure, morphology and reflectivity was studied using XRD, Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and visual-range normal incidence reflectometry. The addition of Helium to the sputtering atmosphere was found to reduce the roughness of Ag films and improve their reflectivity, due to the Penning effect present in the Ar-He plasma. The work undertaken has, by developing new plasmonic materials (SRO, oxidized TiN), and expanding the knowledge of the behaviour (BST) and fabrication (Ag) here has paved the way for the development of active plasmonic devices.
Radio Emission from a Young Supernova Remnant Interacting with an Interstellar Cloud: MHD Simulation with Relativistic Electrons
Creators: name: Jun, Byung-Il
name: Jones, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two-dimensional MHD simulations of the evolution of a young Type Ia supernova remnant during its interaction with an interstellar cloud of comparable size at impact. We include for the first time in such simulations explicit relativistic electron transport, including spectral information using a simple but effective scheme that follows their acceleration at shocks and subsequent transport. From this information we also model radio synchrotron emission, including spectra. The principal conclusions from these experiments are: 1) Independent of the cloud interaction, the SNR reverse shock can be an efficient site for particle acceleration in a young SNR. 2) At these early times the synchrotron spectral index due to electrons accelerated at the primary shocks should be close to 0.5 unless those shocks are modified by cosmic-ray pressures. However, interaction with the cloud generates regions of distinctly steeper spectra, which may complicate interpretation in terms of global dynamical models for SNR evolution. 3) The internal motions within the SNR become highly turbulent following the cloud interaction. 4) An initially uniform interstellar magnetic field is preferentially amplified along the magnetic equator of the SNR, primarily due to biased amplification by instabilities. Independent of the external field configuration, there is a net radial direction to this field inside the SNR. 5) Filamentary radio structures correlate well with magnetic filaments, while diffuse emission follows the electron distribution. 6) Interaction with the cloud enhances both the electron population and the radio emission.
description: 29 pages of Latex generated text with 6 figures in gif format. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. High resolution postscript figures can be obtained by anonymous ftp from ftp://ftp.msi.umn.edu/pub/users/twj/snr
Dynamical resonance quench and Fano interference in spontaneous Raman scattering from quasiparticle and collective excitations
Creators: name: Zhu, J.
name: Versteeg, R. B.
name: Padmanabhan, P.
name: van Loosdrecht, P. H. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-resolved spontaneous Raman spectroscopy serves as a probe for incoherent quasiparticle and collective excitation dynamics, and allows to distinguish symmetry changes across a photoinduced phase transition through the inelastic light scattering selection rules. Largely unexplored is the role of the Raman resonance enhancement in the time-domain, and the transient interaction between scattering from quasiparticles and collective excitations, with the latter interaction leading to a Fano interference. In this work, we report on the observation of a phonon Raman tensor quench and Fano interference after strong photoexcitation of an intrinsic semiconductor. We observed a dynamic phonon scattering rate asymmetry and spectral asymmetry through simultaneous detection of both the anti-Stokes and Stokes response. The asymmetric phonon scattering rate is ascribed to the combined effect of the transient phonon population and the reduction of the phonon Raman tensor resulting from the photoexcited hole population. This same hole population results in a strong enhancement of the Fano spectral asymmetry.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information available (6 pages, 3 figures)
On the Fate of Gas Accreting at a Low Rate onto a Black Hole
Creators: name: Blandford, Roger D.
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gas supplied conservatively to a black hole at rates well below the Eddington rate may not be able to radiate effectively and the net energy flux, including the energy transported by the viscous torque, is likely to be close to zero at all radii. This has the consequence that the gas accretes with positive energy so that it may escape. Accordingly, we propose that only a small fraction of the gas supplied actually falls onto the black hole and that the binding energy it releases is transported radially outward by the torque so as to drive away the remainder in the form of a wind. This is a generalization of and an alternative to an "ADAF" solution. Some observational implications and possible ways to distinguish these two types of flow are briefly discussed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters
Bringing complexity science to real world: Quantification of stress in humans and systems
Creators: name: Chanwimalueang, Theerasak
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Analysing real-world data within the context of structural complexity is crucial for accurately revealing the dynamical behavior of systems, ranging from individual (human) to network (economic). Indeed, the so-called "Complexity Loss Theory" establishes that complexity measures are able to provide physically meaningful interpretation of, for example, the occurrence of stress in such systems. This theory states that organisms or systems under constraints, such as ageing illness or more generally loss of degrees of freedom, exhibit lower complexity of their observable responses. To this end, this thesis aims to model/quantify stress levels of two dynamical systems: i) autonomic nervous (in humans), and ii) economic (in financial markets). For human based scenarios, we collected Electrocardiogram (ECG) in two human activities: i) public speaking, and ii) music performance. For the assessment of the structural complexity of systems, stock indices from the four major stock markets in the US were used for studying stress in economic. This thesis introduces a novel framework for analysing physiological stress from heart rate variability (HRV) extracted from the wearable ECG. The framework includes a robust method, established based on the matched filtering method and the Hilbert transform, for detecting R-peaks in noisy ECG. We examine the physiological stress through several standard entropy measures, prior to introducing our novel “Cosine Similarity Entropy” and “Multiscale Cosine Similarity Entropy”. These new entropy measures are derived based on angular distance, Shannon entropy and the coarse-grained scale, and shown to successfully and rigorously quantify structural complexity in systems within the context of self-correlation. The analysis over numerous case studies shows that the proposed framework is capable of detecting loss of degrees of freedom, that is, ‘stress-patterns’ under different stress conditions. Furthermore, we examine economic stress through an enhanced multivariate entropy measure, “Moving-Averaged Multivariate Sample Entropy”, which is established based on a standard multivariate entropy and a novel detrended moving average scale. The MA-MSE makes it possible to capture the periods of financial stress which corresponds to the occurrence of the economic crises correctly. Overall, the novel algorithms in this thesis have resolved several limitations of the existing entropy measures, especially related to short time series, sensitivity to signal amplitudes, and undefined entropy values for data with artefacts. In addition, real world data do not obey any closed-form probability distribution and are often nonstationary, which requires non-parametric entropy estimators suitable for such scenarios - a subject of this thesis.
title: МЯГКИЕ МОДЕЛИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СВЯЗНОСТИ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ ГЕОИНФОРМАЦИОННОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА РЕГИОНА
title: Статья
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Акперов, И.Г.
name: Храмов, В.В.
Publisher: name: "Южный Университет (ИУБиП)"
Year: 2020
Subjects: ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО
МНОГОМЕРНОСТЬ
ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ
ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СВЯЗАННОСТЬ
ИНТЕРОПЕРАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ
ЦЕЛОСТНОСТЬ

Abstract
Abbott-Deser-Tekin like conserved quantities in Lanczos-Lovelock gravity: beyond Killing diffeomorphisms
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Krishnakanta
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the conserved Abbott-Deser-Tekin (ADT)-{\it like} current for the Lanczos-Lovelock gravity for a diffeomorphism vector, which defines the horizon of a spacetime and, importantly, is not necessarily a Killing vector. As the original ADT current is defined only for the presence of a background Killing vector, one cannot use it extensively for the thermodynamic description of the wide classes of non-Killing horizons which appear in gravity. On the other hand, this general approach can be utilized for those horizons. Here, the conserved current can be written as the derivative of the two-rank anti-symmetric potential, the connection of which is apparent with the conserved Noether potential from our analysis. If one assumes the diffeomorphism vector as the Killing one, the results match to the ADT case, whereas non-trivial result comes for the conformal Killing vectors and other horizon defining diffeomorphism vectors.
description: A little change in the title, a little bit modification in the presentation, results are unchanged, to appear in the Classical and Quantum Gravity
Cold + Hot Dark Matter and the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Gates, Evalyn
name: Stebbins, Albert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the cosmic microwave background power spectrum for adiabatic models with a massive neutrino component. We present the results of a detailed numerical evolution of cold + hot dark matter (CHDM) models and compare with the standard cold dark matter (CDM) spectrum. The difference is of order $5-10%$ for $400 < l < 1000 $ for currently popular CHDM models. With semi-analytic approximations, we also discuss the relevant physics involved. Finally we remark on the ability of future experiments to differentiate between these models. An all-sky experiment with a beam size smaller than 30 arcminutes can distinguish between CHDM and CDM if other cosmological parameters are known. Even allowing other parameters to vary, it may be possible to distinguish CDM from CHDM.
description: Compressed uuencoded postscript, 26 pages including figures. Color version available at http://www-astro-theory.fnal.gov/
Fornax: a Flexible Code for Multiphysics Astrophysical Simulations
Creators: name: Skinner, M. Aaron
name: Dolence, Joshua C.
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Radice, David
name: Vartanyan, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes the design and implementation of our new multi-group, multi-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics (RHD) code Fornax and provides a suite of code tests to validate its application in a wide range of physical regimes. Instead of focusing exclusively on tests of neutrino radiation hydrodynamics relevant to the core-collapse supernova problem for which Fornax is primarily intended, we present here classical and rigorous demonstrations of code performance relevant to a broad range of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic and multi-group radiation hydrodynamic problems. Our code solves the comoving-frame radiation moment equations using the M1 closure, utilizes conservative high-order reconstruction, employs semi-explicit matter and radiation transport via a high-order time stepping scheme, and is suitable for application to a wide range of astrophysical problems. To this end, we first describe the philosophy, algorithms, and methodologies of Fornax and then perform numerous stringent code tests, that collectively and vigorously exercise the code, demonstrate the excellent numerical fidelity with which it captures the many physical effects of radiation hydrodynamics, and show excellent strong scaling well above 100k MPI tasks.
description: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series; A few more textual and reference updates; As before, one additional code test included
Planar diagrams for local invariants of graphs in surfaces
Creators: name: McPhail-Snyder, Calvin
name: Miller, Kyle A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In order to apply quantum topology methods to nonplanar graphs, we define a planar diagram category that describes the local topology of embeddings of graphs into surfaces. These \emph{virtual graphs} are a categorical interpretation of ribbon graphs. We describe an extension of the flow polynomial to virtual graphs, the $S$-polynomial, and formulate the $\mathfrak{sl}(N)$ Penrose polynomial for non-cubic graphs, giving contraction-deletion relations. The $S$-polynomial is used to define an extension of the Yamada polynomial to virtual spatial graphs, and with it we obtain a sufficient condition for non-classicality of virtual spatial graphs. We conjecture the existence of local relations for the $S$-polynomial at squares of integers.
description: 37 pages, 27 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Cart. 180 (11 H 755), 83 folios, f. 0143
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 180 (11 H 755), 83 folios, f. 0143, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions de Chaugey et Maison-Dieu (Fin XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 180 (11 H 755), 83 folios, f. 0143, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Psittacus pertinax Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Psittacus
Psittacus pertinax

description: Psittacus pertinax [spec. nov.]
P. macrourus viridis, genis fulvis, remigibus rectricibusque canescentibus. Mus. Ad. Fr. 1. p. 14.
Psittacus minor viridis, cauda longa & malis croceis. Frisch. av. 4. t. 54.
Habitat in Indiis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 98, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Screening for regulators of senescence using a telomere damage model
Creators: name: Innes, Andrew James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The ability to evade senescence is a hallmark of cancer. More recently senescence has been implicated in development and ageing as well as age-associated pathologies, suggesting a broader context for what was originally considered an in vitro artefact. With an ageing population and an increasing incidence of cancer, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in senescence control is of huge interest. Telomere damage is a key driver of cellular senescence. Expression of a dominant negative mutant of TRF2 (TRF2ΔBΔM), one of the key components of the shelterin complex, depletes TRF2 from telomeres resulting in activation of the DNA damage response reminiscent of critical telomere shortening. The resultant persistent activation of DNA damage response pathways leads to the rapid development of a senescence phenotype. Using this method of prompt, homogeneous, premature senescence induction in primary human fibroblasts, a genome-wide loss of function shRNA screen was performed to identify novel regulators of senescence. Candidates identified in this primary screen were retested using an inducible form of the TRF2ΔBΔM system, and a high throughput siRNA custom library. Following a number of validation steps, XPO7, a nuclear exporter was identified as a potentially interesting candidate. Depletion of XPO7 extends the replicative lifespan of fibroblasts in culture and is capable of bypassing senescence induced by telomere damage, irradiation and oncogene expression (RasV12). Ectopic expression of XPO7 in proliferating primary fibroblasts triggers premature senescence with a characteristic senescence phenotype along with activation of a transcription pattern typical of oncogene induced senescence. Moreover, mutations in XPO7 are frequently observed in multiple cancer types including prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and some lymphomas, suggesting a potential role as a tumour suppressor.
Steroidogenic factor 1 expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus regulate feeding, metabolism and risk-associated decision making
Creators: name: Viskaitis, Paulius
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has long been implicated as one of the centres in the central nervous system (CNS) involved with the control of energy metabolism, feeding, fear, reproductive and aggressive behaviours. Historically, electrical stimulation and lesioning studies pointed to the VMH being a major regulator of feeding and energy metabolism, leading to it being termed the satiety centre. More recently, however, many of these functions have been attributed to the nearby arcuate nucleus (Arc) instead and the focus of the research on the VMH has been on its control of the hypoglycemic response, aggression and fear. The aim of this PhD was to employ cell-type specific optogenetic and DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs) approaches to disentangle the role of the VMH in energy homeostasis in C57BL/6N mice. I used steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) Cre recombinase mouse line to limit manipulations to the VMH and hypothesised that activity of SF1-expressing neurons would negatively correlate with feeding behaviour and body weight gain. Indeed, here I show that acute DREADD-mediated modulation of SF1 expressing neurons had rapid, bidirectional effects on feeding and metabolic parameters but also anxiety state. Furthermore, chronic DREADD treatment significantly altered bodyweight, nutrient partitioning and susceptibility to high fat diet (HFD) with limited effects on feeding or other behaviours. Optogenetic modulation of SF1 expressing neuron activity revealed differential prioritising of behaviours depending on the firing frequency of the SF1 neurons which is at least partially due to intrinsic synaptic properties of the SF1 neurons. In summary, I conclude that SF1 neurons have complex functions in integrating internal energy state with risk decision making, appropriate metabolic regulation and feeding behaviour.
High-order Magnetohydrodynamics for Astrophysics with an Adaptive Mesh Refinement Discontinuous Galerkin Scheme
Creators: name: Guillet, Thomas
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Springel, Volker
name: Chandrashekar, Praveen
name: Klingenberg, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern astrophysical simulations aim to accurately model an ever-growing array of physical processes, including the interaction of fluids with magnetic fields, under increasingly stringent performance and scalability requirements driven by present-day trends in computing architectures. Discontinuous Galerkin methods have recently gained some traction in astrophysics, because of their arbitrarily high order and controllable numerical diffusion, combined with attractive characteristics for high performance computing. In this paper, we describe and test our implementation of a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme for ideal magnetohydrodynamics in the AREPO-DG code. Our DG-MHD scheme relies on a modal expansion of the solution on Legendre polynomials inside the cells of an Eulerian octree-based AMR grid. The divergence-free constraint of the magnetic field is enforced using one out of two distinct cell-centred schemes: either a Powell-type scheme based on nonconservative source terms, or a hyperbolic divergence cleaning method. The Powell scheme relies on a basis of locally divergence-free vector polynomials inside each cell to represent the magnetic field. Limiting prescriptions are implemented to ensure non-oscillatory and positive solutions. We show that the resulting scheme is accurate and robust: it can achieve high-order and low numerical diffusion, as well as accurately capture strong MHD shocks. In addition, we show that our scheme exhibits a number of attractive properties for astrophysical simulations, such as lower advection errors and better Galilean invariance at reduced resolution, together with more accurate capturing of barely resolved flow features. We discuss the prospects of our implementation, and DG methods in general, for scalable astrophysical simulations.
description: 38 pages, 29 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The Baryon Fraction and Velocity--Temperature Relation in Galaxy Clusters : Models versus Observations
Creators: name: Lubin, Lori M.
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Bahcall, Neta A.
name: Ostriker, Jeremiah P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed baryon fraction and velocity--temperature relation in clusters of galaxies are compared with hydrodynamic simulations in two cosmological models : standard (Omega = 1) and a low-density flat (Omega=0.45 and λ=0.55) CDM models, normalized to the COBE background fluctuations. The observed properties of clusters include the velocity dispersion versus temperature relation, the gas mass versus total mass relation, and the gas mass fraction versus velocity dispersion relation. We find that, while both cosmological models reproduce well the shape of these observed functions, only low-density CDM can reproduce the observed amplitudes. The cluster gas mass fraction reflects approximately the baryon fraction in the models, with a slight anti-bias. Therefore, due to the low baryon density given by nucleosynthesis, Omega = 1 models produce too few baryons in clusters compared with observations. Scaling our results as a function of Omega, we find that a low-density CDM model, with Omega approximately 0.3 - 0.4, best reproduces the observed mean baryon fraction in clusters. The observed beta parameter of clusters, beta = sigma^2/(k T/mu m_p) = 0.94 \pm 0.08 discriminates less well between the models; it is consistent with that produced by low-density CDM (1.10 \pm 0.22), while it is slightly larger than expected but still consistent with Omega = 1 (0.70 \pm 0.14).
description: 17 pages, uuencoded, compressed Postscript file, to appear in Astrophysical Journal
Pre-supernova outbursts of massive stars in the presence of a neutron star companion
Creators: name: Danieli, Barak
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the pre-explosion outbursts (PEOs) of massive stars that might result from a rapid expansion of the massive star in the presence of a close companion. We assume that activity in the core of the massive star, an initial mass of 15Mo, about two years before explosion energizes the envelope, and with the stellar evolutionary code MESA follow the inflated envelope as a result of energy deposition to the envelope. We examine the conditions for a companion star to accrete mass from the inflated envelope. We find that for the general conditions that we assume, bright PEOs require a neutron star companion at an orbital separation of about 1000-2000Ro. We assume that the mass-accreting neutron star launches jets. These jets shape the circumstellar matter to highly non-spherical structures, such that the explosions of core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) that follow PEOs might lack an axial (cylindrical) symmetry. In some case main sequence star companions can also energize PEOs, but much weaker ones. This study adds another scenario by which neutron stars can power the radiation of PEOs. Another scenario is the common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostor where a neutron star enters the envelope of the massive star.
description: MNRAS, in press
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Camera
Creators: name: Gunn, J.
name: Carr, M.
name: Rockosi, C.
name: Sekiguchi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed a large format mosaic CCD camera for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The camera consists of two arrays, a photometric array which uses 30 2048 x 2048 SITe/Tektronix CCDs (24 micron pixels) with an effective imaging area of 720 square cm, and an astrometric array which uses 24 400 x 2048 CCDs with the same pixel size, which will allow us to tie bright astrometric standard stars to the objects imaged in the photometric camera. The instrument will be used to carry out photometry essentially simultaneously in five color bands spanning the range accessible to silicon detectors on the ground in the time-delay- and-integrate (TDI) scanning mode. The photometric detectors are arrayed in the focal plane in six columns of five chips each such that two scans cover a filled stripe 2.5 degrees wide. This paper presents engineering and technical details of the camera.
description: 67 pages (inc 6 tables), plain TeX, 41 figures (gif), to appear in the Astronomical Journal, December 1998. The figures can be downloaded from http://astro.princeton.edu/~library/prep.html, preprint POPe-774, allfigs.zip, in postscript
Baryonic Dark Halos: Machos and Cold Gas?
Creators: name: Gerhard, Ortwin
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the possibility that the dark matter in the halos of galaxies may be in the form of clusters of \macho s within which are embedded cold, dense gas clouds. Microlensing experiments have found evidence that the Galactic halo contains up to half of its mass in the form of low-mass \macho s. A number of observational and dynamical arguments point to the existence of hitherto unobserved cold gas around galaxies. We show that the cold gas can be stabilized by \macho\ clusters. Within the framework of a simple two-component model, we derive constraints on the \macho\ clusters and on the halo cold gas content. Typical cluster masses are $\sim 10 \msun$, typical \macho\ masses are $\sim 0.01 \msun$, and the gas content could be up to of order 50 \%. Various predictions are given for testing the hypothesis that such objects could constitute most of the mass in the dark halos of galaxies. If halos are indeed baryonic and contain significant amounts of cold gas, they are likely to play a much more active role in galaxy formation and evolution than is commonly supposed.
description: 13 pages, submitted to ApJ. Uuencoded, gzip-compressed ps-file including 2 figures. Also available at http://www.astro.unibas.ch/~gerhard/papers/dmmn.ps.gz.uu
ASCA Observations of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7582: An Obscured and Scattered View of the Hidden Nucleus
Creators: name: Xue, S. -J.
name: Otani, C.
name: Mihara, T.
name: Cappi, M.
name: Matsuoka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ASCA observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 7582 revealed it was highly variable on the timescale of $\sim2\times10^4$ s in the hard X-ray (2-10 keV) band, while the soft X-ray (0.5-2 keV) flux remained constant during the observations. The spectral analysis suggests that this object is seen through an obscuring torus with the thickness of N$_{\rm H}\sim1.0\times 10^{23}\rm cm^{-2}$. The hard X-ray is an absorbed direct continuum from a hidden Seyfert 1 nucleus; the soft X-ray is dominated by the scattered central continuum from an extended spatial region. Thus we have an obscured/absorbed and a scattered view of this source as expected from the unification model for Seyfert galaxies. More interestingly, the inferred X-ray column was observed to increase by $\sim4\times10^{22} \rm cm^{-2}$ from 1994 to 1996, suggesting a ``patchy'' torus structure, namely the torus might be composed of many individual clouds. The observed iron line feature near 6.4 keV with the equivalent width of 170 eV is also consistent with the picture of the transmission of nuclear X-ray continuum through a non-uniform torus.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. To be appear in PASJ 50 No.5 (1998 Oct.25 issue)
A Simple Law for the Average Time History of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Time Dilations
Creators: name: Stern, Boris E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Individual gamma ray bursts (GRBs) have very diverse time behavior - from a single pulse to a long complex sequence of chaotic pulses of different timescales. I studied light curves of GRBs using data from the CGRO's BATSE experiment and found that the average post-peak time history for a sample of 460 bursts obeys an unique and simple analytical law: $I \sim \exp(-(t/t_0)^{1/3})$ where $t$ is time measured from the peak of the event and $t_0$ is a constant ranging from 0.3 sec for strong bursts to $\sim 1$ sec for weak bursts. The average peak aligned profile follows this law with good accuracy in the whole range availible for analysis (from fractions of a second to $\sim$ 150 seconds after the peak). Such a law with a single time constant characterising the overall sample of GRBs should have important physical meaning. The dependence of $t_0$ versus brightness of GRBs is presented. The fact that $t_0$ depends on the brightness apparantly confirms the recently discovered effect of time dilation of weak bursts which has a possible cosmological interpretation. The time dilation is detected at a confidence level of $7σ$ and it is slightly larger than was previously reported.
description: gzip-ed, uuencoded postscript file, 6 pages, 3 figure included; Comments to juri@astro.su.se
Psittacus canicularis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Psittaciformes
Psittacidae
Psittacus
Psittacus canicularis

description: Psittacus canicularis [spec. nov.]
P. macrourus viridis, fronte rubra, occipite remigibusque extimis caeruleis.
Psittacus capite rubro caeruleoque. Edw. av. 176. t. 176.
Tui-apute-juba. Marcgr. bras. 206. n. 2.
Habitat in America.
Magnitudo Turdi. Cauda corpore longior.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 98, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Engineered nanofluidic platforms for single molecule detection, analysis and manipulation
Creators: name: Cadinu, Paolo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Since the pioneering studies on single ion-channel recordings in 1976, single molecule methods have evolved into powerful tools capable of probing biological systems with unprecedented detail. In this work, we build on the versatility of a type of nanofluidic devices, called nanopipettes, to explore novel modes of single molecule detection and manipulation with the aim of improving spatial and temporal control of biomolecules. In particular, a novel nanopore configuration is presented, where biomolecules were individually confined into a zeptoliter volume bridging two adjacent nanopores at the tip of a nanopipette. As a result of this confinement, the transport of biomolecules such as DNA and proteins was slow down by nearly three orders of magnitude, leading to an improved sensitivity and superior signal-to-noise performances compared to conventional nanopore sensing. Active ways of controlling the transport of biomolecule by combining the advantages of nanopore single-molecule sensing and Field-Effect Transistors are also presented. These hybrid platforms were fabricated in a simple two step process which integrates a gold electrode at the apex of a nanopipette. We show that these devices were effective in modulating the charge density of the nanopore and in actively switching "on" and "off" the transport of DNA through the nanopore. Finally, a nanoscale dielectrophoretic nanotweezer device has been developed for high resolution manipulation and interrogation of individual entities. Two closely spaced carbon nanoelectrodes were embedded at the apex of a nanopipette. Voltage and frequency applied to the electrodes generated a highly localized force capable of trapping and manipulating a broad range of biomolecules. These dielectrophoretic nanotweezers were suitable for probing complex biological environments and a new technique for minimally invasive single-cell nanobiopsy was established. Such study provides encouraging results on how nanopipettebased platforms can be integrated as a future tool for routinely interrogating molecules at the nanoscale.