cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The study of topology of the universe using multipole vectors
Creators: name: Bielewicz, P.
name: Riazuelo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a multipole vector-based decomposition of cosmic microwave background (CMB) data in order to search for signatures of a multiconnected topology of the universe. Using 10^6 simulated maps, we analyse the multipole vector distribution on the sky for the lowest order multipoles together with the probability distribution function of statistics based on the sum of the dot products of the multipole vectors for both the simply-connected flat universe and universes with the topology of a 3-torus. The estimated probabilities of obtaining lower values for these statistics as compared to the 5-year WMAP data indicate that the observed alignment of the quadrupole and octopole is statistically favoured in a 3-torus topology where at least one dimension of the fundamental domain is significantly shorter than the diameter of the observable universe, as compared to the usual standard simply-connected universe. However, none of the obtained results are able to clearly rule out the latter (at more than 97% confidence level). Multipole vector statistics do not appear to be very sensitive to the signatures of a 3-torus topology if the shorter dimension of the domain becomes comparable to the diameter of the observable universe. Unfortunately, the signatures are also significantly diluted by the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, 2 tables, references added, updated to match version accepted by MNRAS
Onset of an Insulating Zero-Plateau Quantum Hall State in Graphene
Creators: name: Shimshoni, Efrat
name: Fertig, H. A.
name: Pai, G. Venketeswara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dissipative conductance of the zero-plateau quantum Hall state appearing in undoped graphene in strong magnetic fields. Charge transport in this state is assumed to be carried by a magnetic domain wall, which forms by hybridization of two counter--propagating edge states of opposing spin due to interactions. The resulting non--chiral edge mode is a Luttinger liquid of parameter K, which enters a gapped, perfectly conducting state below a critical value K_c\approx 1/2. Backscattering in this system involves spin flip, so that interaction with localized magnetic moments generates a finite resistivity R_{xx} via a "chiral Kondo effect". At finite temperatures T, R_{xx}(T) exhibits a crossover from metallic to insulating behavior as K is tuned across a threshold K_{MI}. For T->0, R_{xx} in the intermediate regime K_{MI}
description: Revised version, to appear in PRL
Single production of heavy top quark from the three-site Higgsless model
Creators: name: Yue, Chong-Xing
name: Wang, Li-Hong
name: Wen, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider single production of the heavy top quark T predicted by the three-site Higgsless model in future high energy collider experiments, such as the high energy linear e^{+}e^{-} collider (ILC), the linear-ring type $ep$ collider (THERA), and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our numerical results show that the possible signals of the heavy top quark T might be observed via the process $e^{+}e^{-}\to t\bar{T}\to t\bar{t}Z$ in future ILC experiments and via the subprocess $qb\to q'T$ at the LHC.
description: latex files, 13 pages, 5 figures
Effects of the DNA state fluctuation on single-cell dynamics of self-regulating gene
Creators: name: Okabe, Yurie
name: Yagi, Yuu
name: Sasai, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A dynamical mean-field theory is developed to analyze stochastic single-cell dynamics of gene expression. By explicitly taking account of nonequilibrium and nonadiabatic features of the DNA state fluctuation, two-time correlation functions and response functions of single-cell dynamics are derived. The method is applied to a self-regulating gene to predict a rich variety of dynamical phenomena such as anomalous increase of relaxation time and oscillatory decay of correlations. Effective "temperature" defined as the ratio of the correlation to the response in the protein number is small when the DNA state change is frequent, while it grows large when the DNA state change is infrequent, indicating the strong enhancement of noise in the latter case.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Anisotropy and Morphology of Strained III-V Heteroepitaxial Films
Creators: name: Friedman, Lawrence H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strained coherent heteroepitaxy of III-V semiconductor films such as In$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$As/GaAs has potential for electronic and optoelectronic applications such as high density logic, quantum computing architectures, laser diodes, and other optoelectronic devices. Crystal symmetry can have a large effect on the morphology of these films and their spatial order. Often the formation of group IV strained heterostructures such as Ge deposited on Si is analyzed using analytic models based on the Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld instability. However, the governing dynamics of III-V 3D heterostructure formation has different symmetry and is more anisotropic. The additional anisotropy appears in both the surface energy and the diffusivity. Here, the resulting anisotropic governing dynamics are studied to linear order. The resulting possible film morphologies are compared with experimentally observed In$_x$Ga$_{1-x}$As/GaAs films. Notably it is found that surface-energy anisotropy plays a role at least as important as surface diffusion anisotropy if not more so, in contrast to previous suppositions.
description: 2 figures version includes one corrected inline equation
Interviews
Creators: name: , Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: interviews

description: Today number of people examining for an incredible activity. Most of the candidates are educated yet the deficiency of opening make joblessness. There are number of opening walk in interviews for indians are available anyway common people don’t find out about the openings for work and miss the chances. abroad jobs helps to achieve good salary. The working conditions are best in abroad. They not only conduct interviews out side the kerala but also make walk in interview in kerala The enlistment association finds work for the contender. This association give latest walk in interview in chennai walk around gatherings over the most exceptional exclusive organizations. It in like manner achieves narrows businesses with extraordinary pay. The enlistment association finds organizing work for you. They will channel the resume and a short time later find the fitting vocations.
Dissipation and Extra Light in Galactic Nuclei: IV. Evolution in the Scaling Relations of Spheroids
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Cox, Thomas J.
name: Keres, Dusan
name: Wuyts, Stijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model for the origins and redshift evolution of spheroid scaling relations. We consider spheroid sizes, velocity dispersions, masses, profile shapes (Sersic indices), and black hole (BH) masses, and their related scalings. Our approach combines advantages of observational constraints in halo occupation models and hydrodynamic merger simulations. This allows us to separate the relative roles of dissipation, dry mergers, formation time, and progenitor evolution, and identify their effects on scalings at each redshift. Dissipation is the most important factor determining spheroid sizes and fundamental plane (FP) scalings, and can account for the FP tilt and differences between disk and spheroid scalings. Because disks at high-z have higher gas fractions, mergers are more gas-rich, yielding more compact spheroids. This predicts mass-dependent evolution in spheroid sizes, in agreement with observations. This relates to subtle evolution in the FP, important to studies that assume a fixed intrinsic FP. This also predicts mild evolution in BH-host correlations, towards larger BHs at higher z. Dry mergers are significant, but only for massive systems which form early: they form compact, but undergo dry mergers (consistent with observations) such that their sizes at later times are similar to spheroids of similar mass formed more recently. We model descendants of observed compact high-z spheroids: most will become cores of BCGs, with sizes, velocity dispersions, and BH masses consistent with observations, but we identify a fraction that might survive to z=0 intact.
description: 29 pages, 26 figures, accepted to ApJ (minor revisions to match accepted version)
Application of a Delphi Technique to Identify the Challenges for Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance of WIC Online Ordering Across Various Systems and Stakeholders
Creators: name: Hill, Jennie L.
name: Calloway, Eric E.
name: Nitto, Allison M.
name: Anderson-Steeves, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: The purpose of this study was to identify policy, technological, and programmatic changes necessary for adoption and implementation of WIC online ordering with online transactions. A Delphi technique was used to identify and prioritize challenges from WIC decision-makers and stakeholders. WIC participants were identified as primary users of online ordering systems with retail store staff as important secondary users. Thematic analysis identified challenges in: 1) Rules/Regulations; 2) Shopping Experience; 3) Security, Confidentiality, Fraud, and State Agency Processes; 4) Training and Education; and 5) Equitable Access/Buy-in. The study identified initial processes that impact adoption, implementation, and maintenance of WIC online ordering.
EVALUATION OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR EFFECTS ON THYROID CANCER
Creators: name: Borbone, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in the proper regulation of cellular functions through their connection with chromatin and transcriptional regulation. Alterations in HDAC activity have been reported  in several types of cancer encouraging development of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) for cancer treatment. The antitumor activity of HDACi has been demonstrated, in clinical trials, in both solid and non solid neoplasias  at doses well tolerated by patients. However, the molecular basis for their tumor selectivity is unknown. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, having a poor prognosis and being refractory to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. To the aim to find an innovative therapy for the treatment of ATCs, we studied the effects of two potent HDACis, SAHA and MS-275, on rat thyroid cell lines transformed by the v-ras-Ki oncogene which is frequently mutated in ATCs. We show that: i) HDAC 1 and HDAC 2 are overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas compared to normal thyroid; ii) SAHA and MS-275 induce apoptosis selectively in completely transformed rat thyroid cells; iii) TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is the main mediator of cell death induced by SAHA; iv) SAHA stabilize TRAIL protein by affecting its proteasome-mediated degradation.
Non-supersymmetric Attractors in Born-Infeld Black Holes with a Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Gao, Xian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the attractor mechanism for spherically symmetric extremal black holes in Einstein-Born-Infeld-dilaton theory of gravity in four-dimensions, in the presence of a cosmological constant. We look for solutions analytic near the horizon by using perturbation method. It is shown that the values of the scalar fields at the horizon are only dependent on the charges carried by the black hole and are irrelevant in their asymptotic values. This analysis supports the validity of non-supersymmetric attractors in the presence of higher derivative interactions in the gauge fields part and in non-asymptotically flat spacetime.
description: 18 pages, no figue
EFFECTS OF FRESHWATER BIOFILM BIODIVERSITY, BIOMASS, AND WATER QUALITY ON MICROPLASTIC ABUNDANCE IN THE POTOMAC RIVER
Creators: name: Barnes, Joseph
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Microplastics (plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in length) are a ubiquitous pollutant in the environment, but research on freshwater microplastic contaminants is lacking. A possible fate of microplastics in freshwater environments is to become entangled or trapped in biofilms, which are matrices of algae, bacteria, and microinvertebrates that grow on underwater surfaces. This in-situ study at the Oasis Marina at National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland, examines how the biomass, area coverage, and biodiversity of freshwater biofilms in the Potomac River are associated with the number of microplastics trapped within. Aluminum discs acting as artificial substrate for biofilm growth were deployed at the water’s surface and at 2 meters depth to survey biofilm mass and biodiversity and were sampled monthly from October 2021 – October 2022. Microplastic abundances in the water column were measured every 2 weeks over the same period. Spatial and temporal trends in trapped and suspended microplastics, biofilm biomass and biodiversity, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, nitrates, and phosphate) were measured and compared to explore factors affecting the abundance of microplastics and their partitioning between the water column and biofilms. Water quality had no measurable impact on microplastic abundance in the water column at either depth, but temperature was negatively correlated to microplastic abundance in biofilms. Temperature was also positively correlated with biofilm growth. Surprisingly, as the weather warmed and biofilms grew larger and more biodiverse, they entrapped fewer microplastics. This may have occurred because smaller, less biodiverse biofilms are mostly composed of unicellular algal colonies that provide a favorable surface for microplastic deposition. In contrast, larger, more biodiverse biofilms tend to also include microinvertebrates, whose grazing and filter feeding behavior removes visible microplastics. Understanding the seasonal changes of biofilm biodiversity and microplastic abundance may help in tracking the fate of microplastics in estuarine systems to plan mitigation strategies for the future.
title: Broadening horizons in impact evaluation for water, sanitation and hygiene planning: recycling and reinterpreting evidence
Creators: name: Waddington, HJ
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2021

description: To meet universal Sustainable Development Goal targets, decision-makers need evidence about the effectiveness policy and programmes. Impact evaluations aim to provide that evidence, by quantifying the magnitude of changes in outcomes caused by WASH interventions in particular contexts for particular groups. However, there are concerns about the findings of single studies like randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies (NRS), due to biases inherent in each approach. The best way to inform decisions is to use evidence from a variety of methodologies and contexts. An evidence census shows that, while the quantity and quality of WASH impact evaluations has increased, there are important ethical concerns about relevance, reporting and representativeness. Drawing on the census, a critical appraisal tool was developed to evaluate consistently biases in RCTs and NRS. The tool was piloted in systematic reviews of internal and external replications on international development topics. The results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses that applied the tool in external replications were analysed. The findings showed that NRS with relatively low risk-of-bias produced the same pooled effects on average as RCTs (standardised mean difference (SMD)=0.00; 95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.06, 0.06), but NRS with high risk-of-bias over-estimated effects (SMD=0.17; 95% CI=0.07, 0.28). A systematic review of internal replication studies also found well-designed NRS produced effects that were statistically indistinguishable from RCTs (mean squared error=0.00). Lack of access to and use of safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) are thought to kill 300,000 children annually. RCTs are often considered the best causal evidence, but they cannot usually assess mortality due to power and ethical reasons. Existing systematic reviews assume diarrhoea morbidity is closely correlated with mortality. Meta-analysis of mortality impacts from the evidence census found 15 percent reduction in the odds of all-cause mortality in childhood, and 50 percent reduction in odds of diarrhoea mortality. WASH interventions reduce more deaths when they include hygiene and total sanitation.
Senses in/of religious violence: identity, difference, privilege and power
Creators: name: Velasco, Francisco Diez De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: religious violence, sensorium

description: This work is an attempt to decipher the senses implied in the religious violence from a double perspective. Senses in the first approach have to do with the sensorium, with an embodied perspective of analysis focused on those interfaces between the brain and the world beyond the skin that are the senses. Religious violence implies a total sensorial experience that redefines identity, difference and also builds privilege and strengthens power. The second perspective, perhaps more difficult to demonstrate, is a tentative effort of granting sense to religious violence, beyond senses and from a contextual perspective. Identity, difference, privilege and power are the instruments for building an approach that seeks to overcome the perplexity produced by the seemingly counter-intuitive combination of violence and religion.
Differential, Difference and Asymptotic Relations for Pollaczek-Jacobi Type Orthogonal Polynomials and Their Hankel Determinants
Creators: name: Min, Chao
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 42C05, 33E17, 41A60

description: In this paper, we study the orthogonal polynomials with respect to a singularly perturbed Pollaczek-Jacobi type weight $$ w(x,t):=(1-x^2)^α\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{t}{1-x^{2}}},\qquad x\in[-1,1],\;\;α>0,\;\;t>0. $$ By using the ladder operator approach, we establish the second-order difference equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficient $β_n(t)$ and the sub-leading coefficient $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$ of the monic orthogonal polynomials, respectively. We show that the logarithmic derivative of $β_n(t)$ can be expressed in terms of a particular Painlevé V transcendent. The large $n$ asymptotic expansions of $β_n(t)$ and $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$ are obtained by using Dyson's Coulomb fluid method together with the related difference equations. Furthermore, we study the associated Hankel determinant $D_n(t)$ and show that a quantity $σ_n(t)$, allied to the logarithmic derivative of $D_n(t)$, can be expressed in terms of the $σ$-function of a particular Painlevé V. The second-order differential and difference equations for $σ_n(t)$ are also obtained. In the end, we derive the large $n$ asymptotics of $σ_n(t)$ and $D_n(t)$ from their relations with $β_n(t)$ and $\mathrm{p}(n,t)$.
description: 29 pages
H-alpha Survey of the Local Volume: Isolated Southern Galaxies
Creators: name: Kaisin, S. S.
name: Kasparova, A. V.
name: Knyazev, A. Yu.
name: Karachentsev, I. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our H-alpha observations of 11 isolated southern galaxies: SDIG, PGC 51659, E 222-010, E 272-025, E 137-018, IC 4662, Sag DIG, IC 5052, IC 5152, UGCA 438, and E149-003, with distances from 1 to 7 Mpc. We have determined the total H-alpha fluxes from these galaxies. The star formation rates in these galaxies range from 10^{-1} (IC 4662) to 10^{-4}_{\odot}/yr (SDIG) and the gas depletion time at the observed star formation rates lies within the range from 1/6 to 24 Hubble times H_0^{-1} .
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Boundary Conformal Field Theory at Large Charge
Creators: name: Cuomo, Gabriel
name: Mezei, Márk
name: Raviv-Moshe, Avia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study operators with large internal charge in boundary conformal field theories (BCFTs) with internal symmetries. Using the state-operator correspondence and the existence of a macroscopic limit, we find a non-trivial relation between the scaling dimension of the lowest dimensional CFT and BCFT charged operators to leading order in the charge. We also construct the superfluid effective field theory for theories with boundaries and use it to systematically calculate the BCFT spectrum in a systematic expansion. We verify explicitly many of the predictions from the EFT analysis in concrete examples including the classical conformal scalar field with a $|ϕ|^6$ interaction in three dimensions and the $O(2)$ Wilson-Fisher model near four dimensions in the presence of boundaries. In the appendices we additionally discuss a systematic background field approach towards Ward identities in general boundary and defect conformal field theories, and clarify its relation with Noether's theorem in perturbative theories.
description: 51 pages, 2 figures, v2 matches journal version
Plant responses to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): a molecular perspective
Creators: name: Karamat, Ayesha
name: Tehrani, Rouzbeh
name: Foster, Gregory D.
name: Van Aken, Benoit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a large class of toxic manmade compounds that have been used in many industrial and household products. Dispersion of PFAS in the environment has raised concerns because of their persistence and toxicity for living organisms. Both terrestrial and aquatic plants have been shown to take up PFAS from contaminated soil and groundwater, and to accumulate these compounds inside their tissues. Although PFAS generally exert a low toxicity on plants at environmentally relevant concentrations, they frequently impact biomass growth and photosynthetic activity at higher levels. Uptake, translocation, and toxicity of PFAS in plants have been well covered in literature. Although less attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant response to PFAS, recent studies based on -omics approaches indicate that PFAS affects the plant metabolism even a low concentration. The objective of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of PFAS on plants at the molecular level. Results from recent transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies show that low levels of PFAS induce oxidative stress and affect multiple plant functions and processes, including photosynthesis and energy metabolism. These potentially harmful effects trigger activation of defense mechanisms. Although the uptake, translocation, and toxicity of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in plants have been well covered in literature, less attention has been given to the molecular mechanisms underlying the plant response to PFAS. Using results from recent transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies, this review article aims to summarize the current knowledge about the effects of PFAS on plants at the molecular level. Several reviews have been published on the effects of PFAS on plants, however, none have focused specifically on the molecular mechanisms of PFAS phytotoxicity.
Travelling waves and impact-parameter correlations
Creators: name: Munier, S.
name: Salam, G. P.
name: Soyez, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is usually assumed that the high-energy evolution of partons in QCD remains local in coordinate space. In particular, fixed impact-parameter scattering is thought to be in the universality class of one-dimensional reaction-diffusion processes as if the evolutions at different points in the transverse plane became uncorrelated through rapidity evolution. We check this assumption by numerically comparing a toy model with QCD-like impact-parameter dependence to its exact counterpart with uniform evolution in impact-parameter space. We find quantitative differences, but which seem to amount to a mere rescaling of the strong coupling constant. Since the rescaling factor does not show any strong alpha_s-dependence, we conclude that locality is well verified, up to subleading terms at small alpha_s.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures; corrected typos
Revising the Local Bubble Model due to Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-ray Emission
Creators: name: Shelton, Robin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hot Local Bubble surrounding the solar neighborhood has been primarily studied through observations of its soft X-ray emission. The measurements were obtained by attributing all of the observed local soft X-rays to the bubble. However, mounting evidence shows that the heliosphere also produces diffuse X-rays. The source is solar wind ions that have received an electron from another atom. The presence of this alternate explanation for locally produced diffuse X-rays calls into question the existence and character of the Local Bubble. This article addresses these questions. It reviews the literature on solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) X-ray production, finding that SWCX accounts for roughly half of the observed local 1/4 keV X-rays found at low latitudes. This article also makes predictions for the heliospheric O VI column density and intensity, finding them to be smaller than the observational error bars. Evidence for the continued belief that the Local Bubble contains hot gas includes the remaining local 1/4 keV intensity, the observed local O VI column density, and the need to fill the local region with some sort of plasma. If the true Local Bubble is half as bright as previously thought, then its electron density and thermal pressure are 1/square-root(2) as great as previously thought, and its energy requirements and emission measure are 1/2 as great as previously thought. These adjustments can be accommodated easily, and, in fact, bring the Local Bubble's pressure more in line with that of the adjacent material. Suggestions for future work are made.
description: 9 pages, refereed, accepted for publication in the proceedings of the "From the Outer Heliosphere to the Local Bubble: Comparisons of New Observations with Theory" conference and in Space Science Reviews
Fermions, scalars and Randall-Sundrum gravity on domain-wall branes
Creators: name: Davies, Rhys
name: George, Damien P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the general features of localisation of fermions and scalars in smoothed field-theoretical versions of the type 2 Randall- Sundrum braneworld model. A scalar field domain-wall forms the brane, inducing warped gravity, and we study the mass spectra of the matter fields in the dimensionally reduced theory. We demonstrate explicitly that both scalar and fermion fields exhibit a continuum of properly normalisable modes starting at zero mass. If discrete bound modes are present in the gravity-free case, these become resonances in the continuum, while off-resonant modes are highly suppressed on the brane. We describe briefly how another scalar field can be used to break a symmetry on the domain-wall while leaving it unbroken far from the wall, as has already been done in the flat space case. Finally we present numerical calculations for a toy model which demonstrates the decoupling of continuum modes at low energies, so the theory becomes four dimensional.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures; v2, added references and clarified discussion; v3, added figures with accompanying discussion; v4, modifications to spontaneous symmetry breaking discussion, version to appear in PRD
Novel Aspects in Immunodeficiencies
Creators: name: Amorosi, Stefania
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: This thesis reports the results I obtained during my PhD course in “Human Reproduction, Development and Growth” (XXII Cycle) from 2006 to 2009.
  The field of the clinical description, genetic characterization, and immunological investigation of novel PIDs, born in the 1950s, in the last twenty years of the 20th century has revealed a formidable numbers of scientific discoveries.  Many scientific papers have been published on the molecular and cellular basis of the immune response and on the mechanisms involved in the correct ontogeny of immune system components.  Although today we know the genetic and molecular basis of those principal mechanisms involved in the immune response, this field retains a great potential for growth.
     During the three years of my PhD program I have contributed in some measure to clarify some “Novel aspects in Immunodeficiencies”, through the combination of clinical, cellular, functional and molecular approaches.
    In particular, studying a group of atypical patients with X-SCID I contributed to demonstrate for the first time a previously unappreciated functional interaction between the GHR apparatus and the gc.  Furthermore, this knowledge helped me to reveal a prior unidentified property of the common gc trasducing element.  I could demonstrate, in fact, that this subunit is able to influence the cell-cycle progression, spontaneous or GH-induced, in a concentration dependent manner.
     Moreover, I spent my PhD also to better characterize at both molecular and clinical levels the human Nude/SCID phenotype.  In this context, I could suggest for the first time a functional role of FOXN1 transcription factor in the development and differentiation of the central nervous system.
     In addition, among those PIDs whose causing genes are not selectively expressed in the hematopoietic compartment, I contributed to the study first of the effects of steroid treatment in patients affected with Ataxia telangiectasia, currently without an effective treatment, and after of the role of oxidative stress in its beneficial therapy.
     During my PhD I also paid a particular attention to T-cell ontogeny defects affecting both the positive and negative selection processes.  In this field I had a unique opportunity to study T-cell development in humans in the absence of a functional thymus; this study led to the identification of some subsets of T-cell able to mature in extrathymic sites.  In the context of the negative selection process, I studied the role of peripheral tolerance mechanisms in the high phenotypic intra-familiar variability existing in the APECED syndrome.
     Overall, all my studies were designed in order to clarify some unknown mechanisms underlying the functionality and the development of the immune system well as to study the basis of some regulatory networks governing the interactions existing between the immune and other systems.
Target domains in nanometric Permalloy disks with columnar structure
Creators: name: Ponomareva, Svetlana
name: Morel, Robert
name: Joisten, Hélène
name: Sabon, Philippe
name: Dieny, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conducted a thorough experimental and numerical study of the micromagnetic properties of Permalloy (Ni$_{80}$Fe$_{20}$) microdisks exhibiting target domain structures at remanence. Vortex configurations are quite common in such microdisks and correspond to an in-plane flux closure configuration of cylindrical symmetry with an out-of-plane magnetized core. In contrast, target domain configuration are observed in thicker microdisks and are characterized by a vortex configuration of the in-plane component of the magnetization superposed to an out-of-plane component of magnetization which oscillates as a function of the distance to the microdisk center resulting in the formation of concentric domains. The ratio of the out-of-plane oscillatory component of the magnetization to the in-plane vortex one increases with the thickness of the microdisk. Hysteresis loops were measured under in-plane and out-of-plane field. The results at remanence and under magnetic field could be interpreted by micromagnetic simulations in which the microdisks were described as an assembly of partially coupled columns representing the granular nanostructure of the films from which the microdisks were patterned. Quite original magnetization processes take place in these microdisks exhibiting target domain remanent configuration. These include in particular entire flipping of the domain configuration and annihilation/creation of ring domains.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Neolamarckia cadamba (cadamba) waste pulp as a natural and techno-economic scavenger for methylene blue from aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Das, Saismruti
name: Samal, Priyanka Priyadarsini
name: Qaiyum, Md. Atif
name: Dutta, Subhashri
name: Dey, Banashree
name: Dey, Soumen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this work, Neolamarckia cadamba (cadamba), also known as bur flower tree has been exercised to demonstrate as an excellent methylene blue scavenger from simulated as well as industrial wastewater. The particle morphology and structural insights were gained from FESEM, BET surface area, FTIR, and pHZPC. The adsorption behavior was mapped by different physico-chemical parameters such as contact time, pH, input concentration, and temperature. Experimental data reveal rapid adsorption, and >90% uptake was successful within the first 15 min and reaches equilibrium by 45 min (removal efficiency = 94.15%) at neutral pH. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 115.60 mg/g. The uptake process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.99), confirming a chemisorption process while the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.99) satisfactorily addresses the adsorption path. Thermodynamic parameters suggest a spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic process with increased entropy. Spent adsorbent could easily be regenerated in up to 74% using 1:1 MeOH/H2O with a potential of three-cycle use. Real-time efficacy has been established with an MB containing industrial effluent and up to 44.70% adsorption, which confirms the material’s practical applicability. Statistical reliability was confirmed by the relative standard deviation. Altogether, the present material offers clean and green removal of methylene blue dye from versatile wastewater. The search for cleaner and greener protocols for water treatment is on the rise. With this line, we have chosen non-edible fruit pulps of Neolamarckia cadamba for extraordinary methylene blue uptake from diverse contaminated water bodies. Compared to contemporary materials, the excellent adsorption capacity (115.60 mg/g) with methylene blue dye offers an edge. The material could be regenerated easily and reused for three cycles. The method doesn’t involve any chemical treatment, is greener, and could be applied on a large scale. Due to huge availability, excellent adsorption capacity, reusability, and simple preparation provide advantages to the material for sustainable water treatment.
Supplemental file 1 from A Paleogene stem crotaphytid (Aciprion formosum) and the phylogenetic affinities of early fossil pleurodontan iguanians
Creators: name: Scarpetta, Simon
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310401
subject: Animal systematics and taxonomy
classificationCode: 310411
subject: Plant and fungus systematics and taxonomy
classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 370506
subject: Palaeontology (incl. palynology)

description: Supplemental appendices and figures
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) signaling of DNA damage induced by Topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) inhibition
in carcinoma cells:
chemotherapeutic implications of PARP and TOP1 inhibitors.
Creators: name: D'Onofrio, Giovanna
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: Una nuova strategia molecolare che incrementa l’azione antitumorale degli inibitori della Topoisomerasi 1 (TOP1) si basa sull’utilizzo di inibitori delle poli(ADP-ribosio) polimerasi (PARP). La poly(ADP-ribosil)azione è una modifica post-traduzionale coinvolta nella regolazione di diversi processi come il riparo del DNA, la progressione del ciclo cellulare e la morte cellulare. Il meccanismo molecolare che sottende la chemiosensibilizzazione dei veleni di TOP1 in presenza degli inibitori di PARP è in parte spiegato dal fatto che PARP-1 e -2, in forma modificata, interagiscono con il complesso DNA-TOP1-inibitori di TOP1 promuovendo un rapido rilascio di TOP1 dal DNA. Inoltre, il riparo delle rotture sul DNA indotte dai veleni di TOP1 è meno efficiente in presenza degli inibitori di PARP, che incrementano quindi la citotossicità dell’agente chemioterapico.
Nel presente studio, abbiamo comparato gli effetti dell’inibitore di TOP1 Topotecano (TPT) e dell’inibitore di PARP PJ34, somministrati come singoli agenti o in combinazione in cellule di carcinoma della cervice uterina (HeLa) e della mammella (MCF7), entrambe BRCA1/2+/+ e p53+/+. Sono state anche analizzate cellule HeLa silenziate stabilmente per PARP-1 mediante siRNA (denominate HeLaSiP-1).
Le due linee cellulari mostrano risultati simili: (i) l’inibizione della crescita cellulare e la perturbazione del ciclo cellulare indotte dal TPT sono incrementate in presenza del PJ34; (ii) alti livelli di danno al DNA sono stati riscontrati in seguito al trattamento combinato TPT+PJ34; (iv) l’attivazione di PARP-1 e -2 è stata evidenziata nelle cellule trattate con TPT e ridotta dall’aggiunta del PJ34. In particolare, le cellule HeLaSiP-1 mostrano elevati livelli di danno al DNA ed una citotossicità maggiore, dipendente dal TPT, in presenza di PJ34.
E’ stata inoltre riscontrata un’induzione dell’espressione di p53 e p21 TPT-dipendenti 24-72 h dal trattamento, ulterioremente incrementata dal PJ34, sia in cellule proficienti che deficienti per PARP-1. Infine, il PJ34 è in grado di aumentare l’apoptosi indotta dal TPT, evidenziato dalla proteolisi di PARP-1 e dalla espressione di BAX e della forma attiva della caspasi 3.
La caratterizzazione della segnalazione del danno indotto dal TPT può essere utile per mettere a punto strategie che superino la chemioresistenza acquisita in seguito al trattamento con gli inibitori di TOP1.
Hard Choices and Hard Limits for Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Goodman, Bryce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is supposed to help us make better choices. Some of these choices are small, like what route to take to work, or what music to listen to. Others are big, like what treatment to administer for a disease or how long to sentence someone for a crime. If AI can assist with these big decisions, we might think it can also help with hard choices, cases where alternatives are neither better, worse nor equal but on a par. The aim of this paper, however, is to show that this view is mistaken: the fact of parity shows that there are hard limits on AI in decision making and choices that AI cannot, and should not, resolve.
On the collisions of singular points of complex algebraic plane curves
Creators: name: Kerner, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05, 14Q05, 14B07, 14C05, 14H20

description: We study the "generic" degenerations of curves with two singular points when the points merge. First, the notion of generic degeneration is defined precisely. Then a method to classify the possible results of generic degenerations is proposed in the case of linear singularity types. We discuss possible bounds on the singularity invariants of the resulting type in terms of the initial types. In particular the strict upper bound on the resulting multiplicity is proved and a sufficient condition for $δ=const$ collision is given.
description: Final version
Thermally Induced Generation of Platicons in Optical Microresonators
Creators: name: Lobanov, Valery E.
name: Kondratiev, Nikita M.
name: Bilenko, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate numerically novel mechanism providing generation of the flat-top solitonic pulses, platicons, in optical microresonators at normal GVD via negative thermal effects. We found that platicon excitation is possible if the ratio of the photon lifetime to the thermal relaxation time is large enough. We show that there are two regimes of the platicon generation depending on the pump amplitude: the smooth one and the oscillatory one. Parameter ranges providing platicon excitation are found and analysed for different values of the thermal relaxation time, frequency-scan rate and GVD coefficient. Possibility of the turn-key generation regime is also shown.
The spectral shift function and spectral flow
Creators: name: Azamov, N. A.
name: Carey, A. L.
name: Sukochev, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A11; 47A55

description: This paper extends Krein's spectral shift function theory to the setting of semifinite spectral triples. We define the spectral shift function under these hypotheses via Birman-Solomyak spectral averaging formula and show that it computes spectral flow.
description: 47 pages
Role of p63 in skin biology: its function in cell proliferation and differentiation
Creators: name: Antonini, Dario
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2011

description: p63, a p53 family member, plays an essential role in epidermal development controlling several biological functions, some of which remain poorly understood. Using a global gene expression analysis, I contributed to the identification of novel downstream targets and signaling pathways regulated by p63. 
We firstly identified a set of genes not specifically expressed in epidermis (non-epidermal genes) that are indirectly suppressed by p63. In parallel, p63 sustains Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling by directly suppressing transcription of the inhibitory Smad7, and by inducing Bmp7. In the absence of p63, BMP signaling is compromised and leads to ectopic expression of the non-epidermal genes in vitro and in vivo. Reactivation of BMP signaling by exogenous stimuli suppresses ectopic expression of non-epidermal genes in the absence of p63. These data indicate that p63 prevents ectopic expression of non-epidermal genes by a mechanism involving activation of BMP signaling. 
In our genome-wide analysis we also observed that many cell cycle genes were positively regulated by p63. I found that loss of p63 in keratinocytes causes cell cycle arrest both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, I investigated how cell cycle genes are affected by p63. I identified a new mechanism through which p63 favors cell cycle progression repressing two members of a microRNA family: miR-34a and miR-34c. In the absence of p63, I observed increased levels of miR-34a and miR-34c in primary mouse keratinocytes and in mouse embryonic skin. p63 directly binds to p53-consensus sites in both miR-34a and miR-34c gene promoters and inhibits their activity. Keratinocytes are arrested in the G1-phase of the cell cycle in the absence of p63 and have reduced levels of two cell cycle regulators, cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (Cdk4), that are known targets of miR-34. Importantly, concomitant downregulation of miR-34a and miR-34c in the absence of p63 restores cell cycle progression and the expression of cyclin D1 and Cdk4. These data demonstrate that p63 sustains cell cycle progression in keratinocytes not only by previously defined mechanisms, such as repression of the CDK inhibitor p21 Cip1/Waf1, but also by directly repressing components of the miR-34 family. 
In conclusion, during my PhD program I uncovered two novel mechanisms through which p63 regulates cell cycle progression and tissue identity in epidermis.