cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing general relativity on accelerators
Creators: name: Kalaydzhyan, Tigran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the general theory of relativity, the curvature of spacetime is related to the energy and momentum of the present matter and radiation. One of the more specific predictions of general relativity is the deflection of light and particle trajectories in the gravitational field of massive objects. Bending angles for electromagnetic waves and light in particular were measured with a high precision. However, the effect of gravity on relativistic massive particles was never studied experimentally. Here we propose and analyze experiments devoted to that purpose. We demonstrate a high sensitivity of the laser Compton scattering at high energy accelerators to the effects of gravity. The main observable -- maximal energy of the scattered photons -- would experience a significant shift in the ambient gravitational field even for otherwise negligible violation of the equivalence principle. We confirm predictions of general relativity for ultrarelativistic electrons of energy of tens of GeV at a current level of resolution and expect our work to be a starting point of further high-precision studies on current and future accelerators, such as PETRA, European XFEL and ILC.
description: 5+ pages. Published version. Description of experimental setup is drawn from arXiv:1401.3720 by another author
Ptilodus primaevus Lambe 1902
Creators: name: Lambe L., M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1902
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Multituberculata
Plagiaulacidae
Ptilodus
Ptilodus primaevus

description: Ptilodus primaevus. Sp. nov. Plate XV, ﬁgs. 13 and 14. I`he speeimen on which this species is based consists of an imperfect right mandibular ramus in which the fourth premolar and the first molar are preserved. The fracture in front exposes the large anterior root of the premolar and the small posterior root is seen from the outer side. The lower front border of the crown ofthe premolar is slightly excavated apparently for the accommodation of the posterior edge of a very small, closely ﬁtting third premolar. The socket for the base of the root of the incisor is seen 011 the inner side and indicates a tooth of comparatively robust proportions. Behind the ﬁrst molar, the socket of the second molar is preserved, which, judging from its size, held a tooth considerably smaller than the first molar. The characters of the teeth are as follows: —Fourth premolar with eleven serrations on its edge; on its inner side, ﬁve complete grooves preceded by three half grooves; on its outer side, ﬁve complete grooves preceded by one half groove. First molar with four tubercles on its inner side and six tubercles on the outer side. Ptilodus primaevus is especially interesting on account of the small number of grooves on the large cutting fourth premolar (approching the genus Meníscoëssus ill this respect) and the slightly backward curve of the tubercles on the outer side of the ﬁrst molar, also suggestive of Meníscoëssus. In the ﬁgures of the type of the species, the teeth are shown as they appear in the specimen, but the first molar is evidently somewhat out of its true position of close proximity to the fourth premolar. Belly River series, Red Deer river, 1901.
description: Published as part of Lambe L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous), pp. 25-81 in Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 on page 79, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3233762
New fat-tail normality test based on conditional second moments with applications to finance
Creators: name: Jelito, Damian
name: Pitera, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62F03, 62F05, 62P05, 62P20, 91G70

description: In this paper we introduce an efficient fat-tail measurement framework that is based on the conditional second moments. We construct a goodness-of-fit statistic that has a direct interpretation and can be used to assess the impact of fat-tails on central data conditional dispersion. Next, we show how to use this framework to construct a powerful normality test. In particular, we compare our methodology to various popular normality tests, including the Jarque--Bera test that is based on third and fourth moments, and show that in many cases our framework outperforms all others, both on simulated and market stock data. Finally, we derive asymptotic distributions for conditional mean and variance estimators, and use this to show asymptotic normality of the proposed test statistic.
First-passage times in multi-scale random walks: the impact of movement scales on search efficiency
Creators: name: Campos, Daniel
name: Bartumeus, Frederic
name: Raposo, E. P.
name: Méndez, Vicenç
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient searcher needs to balance properly the tradeoff between the exploration of new spatial areas and the exploitation of nearby resources, an idea which is at the core of scale-free Lévy search strategies. Here we study multi-scale random walks as an approximation to the scale- free case and derive the exact expressions for their mean-first passage times in a one-dimensional finite domain. This allows us to provide a complete analytical description of the dynamics driving the asymmetric regime, in which both nearby and faraway targets are available to the searcher. For this regime, we prove that the combination of only two movement scales can be enough to outperform both balistic and Lévy strategies. This two-scale strategy involves an optimal discrimination between the nearby and faraway targets, which is only possible by adjusting the range of values of the two movement scales to the typical distances between encounters. So, this optimization necessarily requires some prior information (albeit crude) about targets distances or distributions. Furthermore, we found that the incorporation of additional (three, four, ...) movement scales and its adjustment to target distances does not improve further the search efficiency. This allows us to claim that optimal random search strategies in the asymmetric regime actually arise through the informed combination of only two walk scales (related to the exploitative and the explorative scale, respectively), expanding on the well-known result that optimal strategies in strictly uninformed scenarios are achieved through Lévy paths (or, equivalently, through a hierarchical combination of multiple scales).
Additional file 2 of Regulatory T cells limit age-associated retinal inflammation and neurodegeneration
Creators: name: Llorián-Salvador, María
name: de Fuente, Alerie G.
name: McMurran, Christopher E.
name: Dashwood, Amy
name: Dooley, James
name: Liston, Adrian
name: Penalva, Rosana
name: Dombrowski, Yvonne
name: Stitt, Alan W.
name: Fitzgerald, Denise C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2. Fig. 2 Additional Neuroretinal Characterization. A, B Hematoxylin and eosin analysis of retinal thickness. Representative images showing hematoxylin and eosin staining (A) of young and aged retinas in the different treatment groups (scale bar = 50 µm). Quantification of the total retinal layer thickness as well as the thickness of the different cell layers (B). C-E Determination of RGC number in young and aged retinas. Representative image (C) (scale bar = 25 µm) and quantification of retinal ganglion cells identified by BRN3A+ (D) and DAPI+ staining in GCL (E). F-H Determination of T cell infiltration in the neuroretina of aged mice upon Treg depletion. Quantification of the presence of CD3+ T cells (F), CD3+ CD4+ T cells (G) and CD3+CD4− T cells (H) per area of the neuroretina. J Quantification of the purity of the adoptively transferred Tregs shown as the percentage of CD4+ T cells expressing Foxp3. Data information: A, B n = 4-7 mice, C-E n = 3-6, F-H n = 2-7mice, J n = 4-5 isolations. B-J data presented as mean ± s.e.m. *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; 1-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons test (B-H), while U-Mann Whitney test was performed in J.
title: Regulationsmechanismus von p53 im Prostatakarzinom
Creators: name: Köditz, Barbara
name: Paffenholz, Pia
name: Göbel, Heike
name: Salem, Johannes
name: Fries, Jochen
name: Heidenreich, Axel
name: Frfr. von Brandenstein, Melanie
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Endothelin 1 (ET-1) ist ein multifunktionales Protein im Krebs und ist in vielen Krebsarten überexprimiert. Eine Überexpression von ET-1 im Prostatakarzinom (PCa) steht in Korrelation mit Tumorprogression. Im PCa sind zwei verschiedene ET-1 Rezeptoren bekannt, der Endothelin A[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Single-Step Fabrication of Computationally Designed Microneedles by Continuous Liquid Interface Production
Creators: name: Shirvanyants, David
name: Tumbleston, John R.
name: Bloomquist, Cameron J.
name: Luft, J. Christopher
name: Caudill, Cassie L.
name: Mecham, Sue J.
name: Johnson, Ashley R.
name: Moga, Katherine A.
name: De Simone, Joseph M.
name: Ermoshkin, Alexander
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Microneedles, arrays of micron-sized needles that painlessly puncture the skin, enable transdermal delivery of medications that are difficult to deliver using more traditional routes. Many important design parameters, such as microneedle size, shape, spacing, and composition, are known to influence efficacy, but are notoriously difficult to alter due to the complex nature of microfabrication techniques. Herein, we utilize a novel additive manufacturing (“3D printing”) technique called Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP) to rapidly prototype sharp microneedles with tuneable geometries (size, shape, aspect ratio, spacing). This technology allows for mold-independent, one-step manufacturing of microneedle arrays of virtually any design in less than 10 minutes per patch. Square pyramidal CLIP microneedles composed of trimethylolpropane triacrylate, polyacrylic acid and photopolymerizable derivatives of polyethylene glycol and polycaprolactone were fabricated to demonstrate the range of materials that can be utilized within this platform for encapsulating and controlling the release of therapeutics. These CLIP microneedles effectively pierced murine skin ex vivo and released the fluorescent drug surrogate rhodamine.
Boreodon matutinus Lambe 1902
Creators: name: Lambe L., M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1902
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Multituberculata
Plagiaulacidae
Boreodon
Boreodon matutinus

description: Boreodon matutinus. Sp. nov. Plate XV., ﬁg. 15. This early type of mammal is represented by a single tooth, a premolar, having two, slightly divergent roots. The crown is in the form of a laterally compressed cone, somewhat rounded above, angular in front, evenly rounded behind, with a well defined, undulating cingulum encircling its base. A slight lateral concavity, more clearly deﬁned within, occurs in each side of the tooth near the base of the crown in line with the cleft between the roots. The cingulum is angular and pl'ominent at either end, becoming rounded and broader on the sides. The crown is considerably worn on the inner side of its apex. One root only remains and it is imperfect below.
description: Published as part of Lambe L. M., 1902, New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous), pp. 25-81 in Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3 on page 79, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3233762
title: Online-Tutorial statt gedruckte Broschüre: Informationen für Männer mit lokalisiertem Prostatakarzinom – eine Pilotserie
Creators: name: Schmid, Hans-Peter
name: Rüesch, Peter
name: Dahinden, Urs
name: Schaffert, René
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Angesichts verschiedener Behandlungsoptionen ist die Information und Therapieentscheidung beim lokalisierten Prostatakarzinom herausfordernd. Die digitale Informationstechnologie bietet im Vergleich zu gedruckten Informationen mehr Möglichkeiten die Patientenkommunikation bedürfnisgerecht[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Using Single Molecule Imaging to Explore Intracellular Heterogeneity
Creators: name: Galbraith, James A.
name: Galbraith, Catherine G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Despite more than 100 years of study, it is unclear if the movement of proteins inside the cell is best described as a mosh pit or an exquisitely choreographed dance. Recent studies suggest the latter. Local interactions induce molecular condensates such as liquid-liquid phase separations (LLPSs) or non-liquid, functionally significant molecular aggregates, including synaptic densities, nucleoli, and Amyloid fibrils. Molecular condensates trigger intracellular signaling and drive processes ranging from gene expression to cell division. However, the descriptions of condensates tend to be qualitative and correlative. Here, we indicate how single-molecule imaging and analyses can be applied to quantify condensates. We discuss the pros and cons of different techniques for measuring differences between transient molecular behaviors inside and outside condensates. Finally, we offer suggestions for how imaging and analyses from different time and space regimes can be combined to identify molecular behaviors indicative of condensates within the dynamic high-density intracellular environment.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
title: Was wissen wir wirklich über den frühfunktionellen Zusammenhang zwischen Übergewicht und Inkontinenz?
Creators: name: Butea-Bocu, Marius Cristian
name: Brock, Oliver
name: Otto, Ullrich
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Wir haben uns die Frage gestellt, ob der Body-Mass-Index (BMI), definiert und eingeteilt nach der Deutschen Adipositas Gesellschaft (DAG), bei Patienten nach radikaler Prostatektomie (RPE) mit dem Ausmaß der Harninkontinenz und den onkologischen Parametern korreliert. Methode: Im[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 65. Kongress der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Gesellschaft für Urologie
Oxygen vacancy formation and electronic reconstruction in strained LaNiO$_3$ and LaNiO$_3$/LaAlO$_3$ superlattices
Creators: name: Geisler, Benjamin
name: Follmann, Simon
name: Pentcheva, Rossitza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using DFT+U, we explore the formation of oxygen vacancies and their impact on the electronic and magnetic structure in strained bulk LaNiO3 and (LaNiO3)$_1$/(LaAlO3)$_1$(001) superlattices. For bulk LaNiO3, we find that epitaxial strain induces a substantial anisotropy in the oxygen vacancy formation energy. In particular, tensile strain promotes the selective reduction of apical oxygen, which may explain why the recently observed superconductivity of infinite-layer nickelates is limited to strained films. For (LaNiO3)$_1$/(LaAlO3)$_1$(001) superlattices, the simulations reveal that the NiO2 layer is most prone to vacancy formation, whereas the AlO2 layer exhibits generally the highest formation energies. The reduction is consistently endothermic, and a largely repulsive vacancy-vacancy interaction is identified as a function of the vacancy concentration. The released electrons are accommodated exclusively in the NiO2 layer, reducing the vacancy formation energy in the AlO2 layer by 70% with respect to bulk LaAlO3. By varying the vacancy concentration from 0% to 8.3% in the NiO2 layer at tensile strain, we observe an unexpected transition from a localized site-disproportionated (0.5%) to a delocalized (2.1%) charge accommodation, a re-entrant site disproportionation leading to a metal-to-insulator transition despite a half-filled majority-spin Ni $e_g$ manifold (4.2%), and finally a magnetic phase transition (8.3%). While a band gap of up to 0.5 eV opens at 4.2% for compressive strain, it is smaller for tensile strain or the system is metallic, which is in sharp contrast to the defect-free superlattice. The strong interplay of electronic reconstructions and structural modifications induced by oxygen vacancies in this system highlights the key role of an explicit supercell treatment and exemplifies the complex response to defects in artificial transition metal oxides.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Modeling the Evolution of a cluster of gravitating bodies taking into account their absolutely inelastic collisions
Creators: name: Kiryan, Dmitry G.
name: Kiryan, George V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulation of evolution of a cluster of a finite number of gravitating bodies interacting only by their intrinsic gravity has been carried out. The goal of the study was to reveal the main characteristic phases of the spatial distribution of material bodies constituting the cluster. In solving the problem, the possibility of interbody collisions was taken into account, the collisions being assumed to be absolutely inelastic. Forces external to the body cluster under consideration were ignored. Among all the internal force factors acting within the cluster, only the gravitational interaction was taken into account. The total mass of all the gravitating bodies of the cluster was assumed to remain constant during the entire evolution. The Cauchy problem with natural initial conditions was considered. To check the process of solution, the so-called rotation curve was used which represents the current radial distribution of orbital velocities of the cluster bodies. The numerical analysis showed time variations of the model cluster rotation curve and, particularly, the fact that the rotation curve horizontal section is only a short moment in evolution of the gravitating bodies cluster. The results obtained within the scope of classical mechanics show that it is possible to represent all the rotation curve variations for the observed galaxies without appealing to the hypothesis of non-observable gravitating "dark matter".
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Quantum gravity lights up spinning black holes
Creators: name: Eichhorn, Astrid
name: Held, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-gravity effects in black holes are generally expected to be unobservable if they set in at transplanckian curvature scales. Here, we challenge this expectation. A near-critical spin parameter can serve as a lever arm that translates Planckian quantum-gravity effects to a global change in the spacetime: the horizon dissolves and the black hole "lights up". We investigate this transition between a black hole and a horizonless spacetime and find that additional lensing features appear instantaneously, when the quantum-gravity effect is added. In the presence of an accretion disk, a second set of internal photon rings appears in addition to the exponentially stacked set of external photon rings. The internal and external photon rings merge into cresent-like features as a function of increasing spin parameter. We explore how these simulated images would be reconstructed by a radio-very-long-baseline-interferometry array like the Event Horizon Telescope. We find that a future next-generation Event Horizon Telescope may be sensitive to the additional lensing features.
description: 22 pages + references; 9 figures
Spaceflight Activates Lipotoxic Pathways in Mouse Liver
Creators: name: Ferguson, Virginia L.
name: Potma, Eric O.
name: Suhalim, Jeffrey L.
name: Alfonso-Garcia, Alba
name: Stodieck, Louis S.
name: Bateman, Ted A.
name: Gridley, Daila S.
name: Friedman, Jacob E.
name: Levi, Moshe
name: Jonscher, Karen R.
name: Pecaut, Michael J.
name: Orlicky, David J.
name: Bouxsein, Mary L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Spaceflight affects numerous organ systems in the body, leading to metabolic dysfunction that may have long-term consequences. Microgravity-induced alterations in liver metabolism, particularly with respect to lipids, remain largely unexplored. Here we utilize a novel systems biology approach, combining metabolomics and transcriptomics with advanced Raman microscopy, to investigate altered hepatic lipid metabolism in mice following short duration spaceflight. Mice flown aboard Space Transportation System -135, the last Shuttle mission, lose weight but redistribute lipids, particularly to the liver. Intriguingly, spaceflight mice lose retinol from lipid droplets. Both mRNA and metabolite changes suggest the retinol loss is linked to activation of PPARα-mediated pathways and potentially to hepatic stellate cell activation, both of which may be coincident with increased bile acids and early signs of liver injury. Although the 13-day flight duration is too short for frank fibrosis to develop, the retinol loss plus changes in markers of extracellular matrix remodeling raise the concern that longer duration exposure to the space environment may result in progressive liver damage, increasing the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Ressourcenorientierte Förderung in Heilpädagogik und Begabungsförderung. Brückenschlag zwischen zwei Förderdisziplinen
Creators: name: Ardielli-Wolleb, Reto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Begabungsförderung
Förderprozesse
Masterarbeit

description: Wer seine Ressourcen kennt und nutzt, kann sein Potenzial besser ausschöpfen. In dieser Arbeit wird den Fragen nachgegangen, was Ressourcen sind, wie sie entdeckt werden und was sie im schulischen Förderalltag bewirken können. Ein wichtiges Anliegen dieser Arbeit ist, Erkenntnisse aus Heilpädagogik und Begabungsförderung im Sinne von gegenseitig nutzbaren Ressourcen zusammenzuführen. Neben den Definitionen relevanter Begriffe werden im Theorieteil Förderprozesse und deren Komponenten beleuchtet und der Umgang mit Ressourcenorientierung innerhalb der beiden Domänen betrachtet. Im Forschungsteil wird mittels einer qualitativen Literaturanalyse nach den Gelingensbedingungen für einen ressourcenorientierten Förderprozess gesucht. Diese liegen insbesondere in einer positiven Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen Lehrperson und Schüler*innen und der Unterstützung beim Entwickeln von Selbstkompetenzen. Schliesslich dienen die Ergebnisse der ganzen Arbeit als Grundlage für einen Vorschlag, wie ressourcenorientierte Förderung effizient gestaltet und dokumentiert werden könnte.
Data-driven detrending of nonstationary fractal time series with echo state networks
Creators: name: Maiorino, Enrico
name: Bianchi, Filippo Maria
name: Livi, Lorenzo
name: Rizzi, Antonello
name: Sadeghian, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven approach for removing trends (detrending) from nonstationary, fractal and multifractal time series. We consider real-valued time series relative to measurements of an underlying dynamical system that evolves through time. We assume that such a dynamical process is predictable to a certain degree by means of a class of recurrent networks called Echo State Network (ESN), which are capable to model a generic dynamical process. In order to isolate the superimposed (multi)fractal component of interest, we define a data-driven filter by leveraging on the ESN prediction capability to identify the trend component of a given input time series. Specifically, the (estimated) trend is removed from the original time series and the residual signal is analyzed with the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis procedure to verify the correctness of the detrending procedure. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, we consider several synthetic time series consisting of different types of trends and fractal noise components with known characteristics. We also process a real-world dataset, the sunspot time series, which is well-known for its multifractal features and has recently gained attention in the complex systems field. Results demonstrate the validity and generality of the proposed detrending method based on ESNs.
description: Revised version
Existence and Nonexistence of Extremals for critical Adams inequalities in R4 and Trudinger-Moser inequalities in R2
Creators: name: Chen, Lu
name: Lu, Guozhen
name: Zhu, Maochun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60, 35B33, 46E30

description: Though much work has been done with respect to the existence of extremals of the critical first order Trudinger-Moser inequalities in $W^{1,n}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and higher order Adams inequalities on finite domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$, whether there exists an extremal function for the critical higher order Adams inequalities on the entire space $\mathbb{R}^n$ still remains open. The current paper represents the first attempt in this direction. The classical blow-up procedure cannot apply to solving the existence of critical Adams type inequality because of the absence of the Pólya-Szegö\ type inequality. In this paper, we develop some new ideas and approaches based on a sharp Fourier rearrangement principle (see \cite{Lenzmann}), sharp constants of the higher-order Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities and optimal poly-harmonic truncations to study the existence and nonexistence of the maximizers for the Adams inequalities in $\mathbb{R}^4$ of the form $$ S(α)=\sup_{\|u\|_{H^2}=1}\int_{\mathbb{R}^4}\big(\exp(32π^2|u|^2)-1-α|u|^2\big)dx,$$ where $α\in (-\infty, 32π^2)$. We establish the existence of the threshold $α^{\ast}$, where $α^{\ast}\geq \frac{(32π^{2})^2B_{2}}{2}$ and $B_2\geq \frac{1}{24π^2}$, such that $S\left( α\right) $ is attained if $32π^{2}-α<α^{\ast}$, and is not attained if $32π^{2}-α>α^{\ast}$. This phenomena has not been observed before even in the case of first order Trudinger-Moser inequality. Therefore, we also establish the existence and non-existence of an extremal function for the Trudinger-Moser inequality on $\mathbb{R}^2$. Furthermore, the symmetry of the extremal functions can also be deduced through the Fourier rearrangement principle.
description: A substantial revision is made, and a mistake is corrected
The Gaia DR3 view of dynamical substructure in the stellar halo near the Sun
Creators: name: Dodd, Emma
name: Callingham, Thomas M.
name: Helmi, Amina
name: Matsuno, Tadafumi
name: Ruiz-Lara, Tomás
name: Balbinot, Eduardo
name: Lövdal, Sofie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The debris from past merger events is expected and, to some extent, known to populate the stellar halo near the Sun. We aim to identify and characterise such merger debris using Gaia DR3 data supplemented by metallicity and chemical abundance information from LAMOST LRS and APOGEE for halo stars within 2.5 kpc from the Sun. We utilise a single linkage-based clustering algorithm to identify over-densities in Integrals of Motion space that could be due to merger debris. Combined with metallicity information and chemical abundances, we characterise these statistically significant over-densities. We find that the local stellar halo contains 7 main dynamical groups, some of in-situ and some of accreted origin, most of which are already known. We report the discovery of a new substructure, which we name ED-1. In addition, we find evidence for 11 independent smaller clumps, 5 of which are new: ED-2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are typically rather tight dynamically, depict a small range of metallicities, and their abundances when available, as well as their location in Integrals of Motion space, suggest an accreted origin. The local halo contains an important amount of substructure, of both in-situ and accreted origin.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, submitted to A&A, our catalogue and substructures will be made available online upon acceptance or before upon reasonable request
Dynamical Jahn--Teller instability in metallic fullerides
Creators: name: Iwahara, Naoya
name: Chibotaru, Liviu F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical Jahn-Teller effect has escaped so far direct observation in metallic systems. It is particularly believed to be quenched also in correlated conductors with orbitally degenerate sites such as cubic fullerides. Here the Gutzwiller approach is extended to treat electron correlation over metals with Jahn-Teller active sites and applied to the investigation of the ground state of K$_3$C$_{60}$. It is shown that dynamical Jahn-Teller instability fully develops in this material when the interelectron repulsion $U$ on C$_{60}$ sites exceeds some critical value. The latter is found to be lower than the current estimates of $U$, meaning that dynamical Jahn-Teller effect takes place in all cubic fullerides. This leads to strong splitting of LUMO orbitals on C$_{60}$ sites and calls for reconsideration of the role of orbital degeneracy in the Mott-Hubbard transition in fullerides.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
The inverse problem for fractal curves solved with the dynamical approach method
Creators: name: Bevilacqua, Luiz
name: Barros, Marcelo M.
name: Venturelli, Felipe C. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of the present paper is to present the main applications of a new method for the determination of the fractal structure of plane curves. It is focused on the inverse problem, that is, given a curve in the plane, find its fractal dimension. It is shown that the dynamical approach extends the characterization of a curve as a fractal object introducing the effects of mass density, elastic properties, and transverse geometry. The dynamical dimension characterizes material objects and suggests that biological characterization can be much more complete with the methodology presented here.
title: Convergence, connectivity, and continuity: topological perspectives for mining novel biological information from ‘omics data
Creators: name: Chen, Mel
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Topological data analysis, mapper, evolutionary biology, salmonids, arctic charr.

description: In this thesis, we will explore possible applications of topological data analysis to `omics data. More specifically, we apply the topologically-based data visualisation technique, Mapper, to gene expression data coming from the fish, Arctic charr (\textit{Salvelinus alpinus}). The fish samples come from the wild, from lakes in Scotland and Russia. Furthermore, the Arctic charr is an interesting study species, since it commonly occurs in two morphs, a bottom/bank-dwelling benthic morph, and an open-water pelagic morph. In general, these morphs share features which are common across lakes, and so provide an opportunity to study a subspecies-level split which is replicated across different populations. This gives an example of parallelism in evolution, and the fact that the split is replicated allows us to test if there are common underlying changes leading to this split, at the level of identical genes, or sets of genes, or genes involved in the same pathways. We provide an overview of the Mapper algorithm, and also show its application to a breast cancer gene expression dataset, which was the inspiration for our PhD project. When applying Mapper to the Arctic charr, we also investigate the effect of sample size by subsampling the breast cancer data. As well as applying Mapper, we also use a more mathematical view of the gene expression data to provide a new perspective for looking at the commonly used gene analysis techniques in evolutionary biology, namely, differential gene expression, and gene co-expression analysis. Finally, we provide an experiment which could be done in the future, assuming the cost of sequencing continues to fall. This experiment incorporates ideas of optimal transport in trying to reconstruct the developmental landscape of Arctic charr. We also discuss other avenues for future work, and current difficulties with applying topological data analysis to gene expression data from wild samples.
Death and Serious Injury by Dark Matter
Creators: name: Sidhu, Jagjit Singh
name: Scherrer, Robert J
name: Starkman, Glenn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macroscopic dark matter refers to a variety of dark matter candidates that would be expected to (elastically) scatter off of ordinary matter with a large geometric cross-section. A wide range of macro masses $M_X$ and cross-sections $σ_X$ remain unprobed. We show that over a wide region within the unexplored parameter space, collisions of a macro with a human body would result in serious injury or death. We use the absence of such unexplained impacts with a well-monitored subset of the human population to exclude a region bounded by $σ_X \geq 10^{-8} - 10^{-7}$ cm$^2$ and $M_X < 50$ kg. Our results open a new window on dark matter: the human body as a dark matter detector.
description: 9 pages, 2 figure
Der Weg von der Diagnose Asperger-Syndrom zu einer gelingenden schulischen Förderung Rahmenbedingungen und Ressourcengenerierung
Creators: name: Wegmann, Kathrin
name: Krähenbühl, Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Asperger-Syndrom
Förderunterricht
Masterarbeit

description: Antrieb für die vorliegende Arbeit war die Erfahrung, dass bei Kindern mit Asperger-Syndrom eine adäquate Unterstützung in der Schule nicht immer gegeben ist. In einem ersten Teil befasst sich diese Forschung mit der Relevanz der Unterstützung von SuS mit
 einem Asperger-Syndrom. Die Relevanz wird mittels einer Literaturrecherche und mit der Methode des Leitfadeninterviews unter verschiedenen Aspekten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine rechtzeitige autismusspezifische Förderung sowohl aus der Sicht der Betroffenen als auch aus der Sicht des Systems und der Gesellschaft in verschiedener Hinsicht sinnvoll ist. Danach wird ermittelt, wie die Rahmenbedingungen der Unterstützung von SuS mit einem Asperger-Syndrom in der integrativen Primarschule der Stadt Zürich sind. Die Autorinnen gehen der Frage nach, wie weit die Unterstützung geregelt ist und wie entsprechende Ressourcen generiert werden können. Ebenso wird anhand von Leitfadeninterviews erforscht, wie SuS mit Asperger-Syndrom in der Stadt Zürich beschult werden, wie die Situation von den verschiedenen beteiligten Akteuren in der Praxis wahrgenommen wird und wo ihrer Meinung nach Entwicklungspotenzial liegt. Mittels Kategorienbildung und einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse zeigte sich, dass einerseits schon einige Angebote bestehen und umfangreiches Fachwissen vorhanden ist, andererseits aber das Wissen um die Möglichkeiten der Ressourcen und das autismusspezifische Fachwissen in der Praxis nur schwer zugänglich sind. Am Schluss wird ein kurzer Handlungsvorschlag skizziert, welcher Personen, die in der schulischen Praxis mit dem Thema konfrontiert sind, Unterstützung bieten soll. Er soll aufzeigen, wie vorgegangen werden kann und welche Möglichkeiten es in der Stadt Zürich gibt, wenn bei einem Kind Verdacht auf ein Asperger-Syndrom besteht.
The $B$ Anomalies, the $U_1$ Leptoquark and Dark Matter
Creators: name: Bélanger, Geneviève
name: Kumar, Jacky
name: London, David
name: Pukhov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present-day $B$-anomalies involving $b \to s μ^+ μ^-$ or $b \to c τ^- {\barν}$ transitions can all be explained with the addition of a vector $U_1$ leptoquark with a mass of $M_{U_1} \ge 1.8$ TeV. In the scalar singlet dark matter model (SSDMM), the DM is a scalar $S$ that couples to the Higgs via $λ_{hS} \, S^2|H|^2$. We update the fit to the data and find that the SSDMM is now viable only for $M_S \ge 1.6$ TeV. In this paper, we assume that the DM also couples to the $U_1$ via $λ_{U_1 S} \, S^2 \, U_{1μ}^{\dagger} U^μ_1$. In addition to leading to DM annihilation via $S S \to U_1 {\bar U}_1$, this coupling generates $SSgg$ and $SSγγ$ couplings at one loop. Although naively divergent, these loop diagrams can be calculated under the assumption that the $U_1$ is a gauge boson of a group broken at the TeV scale. With this DM-$U_1$ coupling term, there are additional contributions to the various DM observables (relic density, direct and indirect detection). We find that the constraints on the SSDMM are relaxed for both heavy DM ($M_S \ge M_{U_1}$) and light DM ($M_S < M_{U_1}$).
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relations
Creators: name: Wang, Dong
name: Ming, Fei
name: Hu, Ming-Liang
name: Ye, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uncertainty relations take a crucial and fundamental part in the frame of quantum theory, and are bringing on many marvelous applications in the emerging field of quantum information sciences. Especially, as entropy is imposed into the uncertainty principle, entropy-based uncertainty relations lead to a number of applications including quantum key distribution, entanglement witness, quantum steering, quantum metrology, and quantum teleportation. Herein, the history of the development of the uncertainty relations is discussed, especially focusing on the recent progress with regard to quantum-memory-assisted entropic uncertainty relations and dynamical characteristics of the measured uncertainty in some explicit physical systems. The aims are to help deepen the understanding of entropic uncertainty relations and prompt further explorations for versatile applications of the relations on achieving practical quantum tasks.
description: Review, 20 pages, published in Ann. Phys. (Berlin)
Pareto Invariant Representation Learning for Multimedia Recommendation
Creators: name: Huang, Shanshan
name: Li, Haoxuan
name: Li, Qingsong
name: Zheng, Chunyuan
name: Liu, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multimedia recommendation involves personalized ranking tasks, where multimedia content is usually represented using a generic encoder. However, these generic representations introduce spurious correlations that fail to reveal users' true preferences. Existing works attempt to alleviate this problem by learning invariant representations, but overlook the balance between independent and identically distributed (IID) and out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization. In this paper, we propose a framework called Pareto Invariant Representation Learning (PaInvRL) to mitigate the impact of spurious correlations from an IID-OOD multi-objective optimization perspective, by learning invariant representations (intrinsic factors that attract user attention) and variant representations (other factors) simultaneously. Specifically, PaInvRL includes three iteratively executed modules: (i) heterogeneous identification module, which identifies the heterogeneous environments to reflect distributional shifts for user-item interactions; (ii) invariant mask generation module, which learns invariant masks based on the Pareto-optimal solutions that minimize the adaptive weighted Invariant Risk Minimization (IRM) and Empirical Risk (ERM) losses; (iii) convert module, which generates both variant representations and item-invariant representations for training a multi-modal recommendation model that mitigates spurious correlations and balances the generalization performance within and cross the environmental distributions. We compare the proposed PaInvRL with state-of-the-art recommendation models on three public multimedia recommendation datasets (Movielens, Tiktok, and Kwai), and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of PaInvRL for both within- and cross-environmental learning.
description: ACM MM 2023 full paper
The Dark Energy Camera Plane Survey 2 (DECaPS2): More Sky, Less Bias, and Better Uncertainties
Creators: name: Saydjari, A. K.
name: Schlafly, E. F.
name: Lang, D.
name: Meisner, A. M.
name: Green, G. M.
name: Zucker, C.
name: Zelko, I.
name: Speagle, J. S.
name: Daylan, T.
name: Lee, A.
name: Valdes, F.
name: Schlegel, D.
name: Finkbeiner, D. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep optical and near-infrared imaging of the entire Galactic plane is essential for understanding our Galaxy's stars, gas, and dust. The second data release of the DECam Plane Survey (DECaPS2) extends the five-band optical and near-infrared survey of the southern Galactic plane to cover $6.5\%$ of the sky, |b| < 10° and 6° > l > -124°, complementary to coverage by Pan-STARRS1. Typical single-exposure effective depths, including crowding effects and other complications, are 23.5, 22.6, 22.1, 21.6, and 20.8 mag in $g$, $r$, $i$, $z$, and $Y$ bands, respectively, with around 1 arcsecond seeing. The survey comprises 3.32 billion objects built from 34 billion detections in 21.4 thousand exposures, totaling 260 hours open shutter time on the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) at Cerro Tololo. The data reduction pipeline features several improvements, including the addition of synthetic source injection tests to validate photometric solutions across the entire survey footprint. A convenient functional form for the detection bias in the faint limit was derived and leveraged to characterize the photometric pipeline performance. A new post-processing technique was applied to every detection to de-bias and improve uncertainty estimates of the flux in the presence of structured backgrounds, specifically targeting nebulosity. The images and source catalogs are publicly available at http://decaps.skymaps.info/.
description: 40 pages, 33 figures, submitted to ApJS (v2 reduces figure file sizes and fixes small bug in z-band source density plot)
Complete and robust energy conversion by sum frequency generation based on Invariant Engineering
Creators: name: Zhang, Congfu
name: Wang, Zhaolu
name: Liu, Hongjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an analytical method to achieve complete energy conversion in sum frequency generation based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants theory. This technique, derived from a two-level atom transition in quantum mechanics, is more efficient and robust than conventional methods. In our scheme, the quasi-adiabatic single control parameter model is established, and the value of single control parameter is selected to make the initial eigenstate perfectly converted to the final eigenstate we need. Corresponds to the nonlinear frequency conversion process, the nonlinear crystal structure is designed with the inverse engineering of optimal control theory, which is robust against the perturbations in the coupling coefficient and phase mismatch, including pump intensity and crystal polarization period variations, and results in almost 100% conversion efficiency at any crystal length. It is demonstrated that the frequency conversion can be achieved in the wavelength range of 2.6 μm -3.6 μm with a spectral bandwidth of the conversion efficiency over 50% approaching to 400 nm when the crystal length L=1 mm.
Serene justitia and the passions of the public sphere
Creators: name: Rosenblum, Warren
Publisher: name: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology
Year: 2015

description: The image of justice as the triumph of reason over emotion legitimized state power in nineteenth century Germany. The allegorical figure of a serene and blindfolded Justitia embodied a promise of rationality and fairness for all citizens, regardless of politics, class, race or religion. After the turn of the century, however, there was growing dissatisfaction with this ideal of blind and dispassionate justice. A crisis of trust in justice climaxed in the Weimar Republic, when various “scandals” undermined the façade of legal reason and validated a new politics of emotion. This essay looks at two justice affairs, both from the city of Magdeburg, which marked a turning-point in left-liberal attitudes toward justice.
description: InterDisciplines. Journal of History and Sociology, Vol 6, No 2 (2015): Between Passion and Senses? Perspectives on Emotions and Law
Additional file 1 of Sodium Houttuyniae attenuates ferroptosis by regulating TRAF6-c-Myc signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI)
Creators: name: Li, Juan
name: Hu, Yan-ping
name: Liang, Xing-ling
name: Liu, Ming-wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1