Effect of cycling and functional electrical stimulation with linear and interval patterns of timing on gait parameters in patients after stroke: a randomized clinical trial
Creators: name: Shariat, Ardalan
name: Ansari, Noureddin Nakhostin
name: Honarpishe, Roshanak
name: Moradi, Vahideh
name: Hakakzadeh, Azadeh
name: Cleland, Joshua A.
name: Kordi, Ramin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Patients in the chronic phase after a stroke are an underrepresented group in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of cycling and functional electrical stimulation with linear versus interval patterns of timing on gait parameters in patients after stroke. A double blinded, parallel, randomized clinical trial. Neuroscience Institute. Patients with lower limb disability due to stroke (<i>N</i> = 30) with a stroke onset &gt;6 months and &lt;18 months. Twenty-eight minutes of leg cycling with functional electrical stimulation with linear or interval patterns of timing applied to the peroneal and biceps femoris muscles, 3 times/week for 4 weeks. Timed 10-Meter Walk Test and Functional Ambulation Classification were the primary outcome measures. The Modified Modified Ashworth scale, active range of motion, Timed Up and Go Test, and Single Leg Stance Test were the secondary outcome measures. Evaluation was performed at baseline, after 4, and after 8 weeks. Thirty participants completed the 4-week intervention (interval group, <i>n</i> = 16; linear group, <i>n</i> = 14). The Functional Ambulation Classification, Timed 10-Meter Walk Test, and the Timed Up and Go Test improved significantly in both groups. The Modified Modified Ashworth scale scores for quadriceps and plantar flexion statistically decreased after 4-weeks in the interval group. Significant group-by-time interaction was shown for Timed Up and Go Test (<i>p</i> = 0.003, np<sup>2</sup>=0.228), knee flexion active range of motion (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, np<sup>2</sup>=0.256) and dorsiflexion active range of motion (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001, np<sup>2</sup>=0.359). Modified Modified Ashworth scale and active range of motion in both the ankle and knee improved significantly in the interval group. The functional electrical stimulation with cycling protocols improved the Functional Ambulation Classification, Timed 10-Meter Walk Test, active range of motion, Timed Up and Go Test, and Modified Modified Ashworth scale. An interval protocol of timing was more effective than the linear protocol in terms of spasticity and active range of motion.Implications for rehabilitationCycling + functional electrical stimulation training with an interval pattern of timing seems superior to cycling + functional electrical stimulation training with a linear pattern.Interval protocol has positive effects on spasticity and range of motion after 12 sessions in patients post stroke.Cycling + functional electrical stimulation improves functional mobility and speed in stroke survivors and the effects of this intervention lasted in follow-up assessment after one month. Cycling + functional electrical stimulation training with an interval pattern of timing seems superior to cycling + functional electrical stimulation training with a linear pattern. Interval protocol has positive effects on spasticity and range of motion after 12 sessions in patients post stroke. Cycling + functional electrical stimulation improves functional mobility and speed in stroke survivors and the effects of this intervention lasted in follow-up assessment after one month.