Lucanus fonti Zilioli 2005
Creators: name: Zhan, Zhihong
name: Young, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Lucanidae
Lucanus
Lucanus fonti

description: Lucanus fonti Zilioli, 2005 (Figs 118–125, 260, 292, 322, 350, 409–411, 469)   
 Lucanus fonti Zilioli, 2005: 150, fig. 2; Huang & Chen, 2010: 75–77, plate 36, figs 1–3.   
 Material examined. [5♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Taizhou City // Kuo-Cang-Shan // [台州市, ffiŭ山]; Alt. 1200m; 26 June. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.8107°N; 120.9281°E Adult // collected by the light-trap; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Taizhou City // Kuo-Cang-Shan // [台 州市, ffiŭ山]; Alt. 1200m; 23 June. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.8107°N; 120.9281°E Adult // collected by the light-trap; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Taizhou City // Kuo-Cang-Shan // [台州市, ffiŭ山]; Alt. 1200m; 30 June. 2020 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.8107°N; 120.9281°E Adult // collected by the light-trap; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Taizhou City // Kuo-Cang-Shan // [台州市, ffiŭ山]; Alt. 1200m; 23 June. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.8107°N; 120.9281°E Adult // collected by the light-trap; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [5 ♂]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Lishui City, Yunhe County, Zhang-Jia-Di // Village, Jingning // [云和县, 张ẋ地, D Ṫ]; Alt. 900m; 10 July. 2019 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 27.9760°N; 119.3745°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [3 ♂]: CHINA: Fujian Province, Longyan // No detailed collection data // [DZ建Ë岩]; Alt. 1100m; 10 July. 2019 // Fuxing Chen leg.; [2nd label]: 25.0786°N; 117.01247°E Adult // collected on crown of host plant// Cyclobalanopsis glauca // (Thunberg) Oersted; [3rd label]: [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♂ // det. Z. Zhan; [3♀]: CHINA: Zhejiang Province, Taizhou City // Kuo-Cang-Shan // [台州市, ffiŭ山]; Alt. 1200m; 26 June. 2018 // Zhihong Zhan leg.; [2nd label]: 28.8107°N; 120.9281°E Adult // collected by the light-trap; [3rd label]: Lucanus // fonti // Zilioli ♀ // det. Z. Zhan.   
Body length 45.2–63.7 mm (♂); 24.3–33.2 mm (♀).  
Description. Major male. Body largely brownish to reddish, body surface weakly metallic, covered with vestiture of short, white setae; head, including widest region of mandibular bases, 2× width of pronotum and elytra. Head mainly brownish to reddish, surface covered with vestiture of short, white setae; mandibles weakly incurved at basal 1/3, straight along midlength and strongly incurved apically; major inner mandibular tooth located approximately 1/3 distance to apex, triangular, not inflated on either side,>8 small inner mandibular teeth located below major inner mandibular tooth, but not reaching mandibular base; usually 4–5 small inner mandibular teeth located between major mandibular tooth and apical forks; apical mandibular forks well developed, sharply open from front, upper branches of apical fork 2.1× length of lower apical fork branches; anterolateral ridges of head rounded, well developed, posterolateral margin of head convex, only slightly wider than anterolateral ridges; clypeolabrum developed, short trapezoidal, labrum triangular, weakly protruding at middle. Pronotum brownish with weak metallic luster; surface covered with vestiture of short white setae; only slightly convex at apex and base, strongly protruding along midlength; 0.6× width of head and mandibles; prothoracic tibiae brownish with yellowish stripes, each bearing>5 small but well developed spines from apex to basal 1/3; mesothoracic tibiae bright reddish to yellowish, each bearing two spines along midlength; metathoracic tibiae bright reddish, each bearing two poorly developed spines at basal 1/3. Elytra largely brownish, surface covered with vestiture of short, white setae; weakly metallic; slender, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrowed at basal 1/3. Median male as major male except: head with major inner mandibular tooth stout, sub-triangular, single-pointed; <5 small inner mandibular teeth located below major tooth. Minor male as major and median males except: head with mandible straight and weakly incurved apically; major inner mandibular tooth weakly developed to absent, single-pointed and not triangular; <3 poorly developed small inner mandibular teeth located below or above major tooth. Genitalia. Ventral plate of 9th abdominal segment widened behind cephalic base and constricted before caudal expansion; basal piece usually clearly defined, 0.4–0.5× length of entire aedeagus; apical flagellum weakly enlarged, flagellum 0.3× length of entire aedeagus; aedeagus stout, incurved at basal 1/3, triangular distally.  
Female. Body black, surface metallic, slender, usually smaller than major and median males, subequal in length or larger than minor male. Head black; surface punctate; mandibles strongly incurved at middle and apical 1/3; mandibular tooth well developed, asymmetrical; right mandibular tooth triangular, left mandibular smooth and convex along midlength; preocular and postocular margins welly developed, forming acute angle, protruding anteriorly; clypeolabrum weakly developed, single-pointed, protruding at middle. Pronotum brownish to black, surface weakly metallic; shallowly but densely punctate; anterior pronotum enlarged, well rounded, 1.1× width of posterolateral pronotum; prothoracic tibiae black with reddish stripes, each bearing four spines from apex tomidlength; distal two spines sharp, well developed; prothoracic tibiae 1.2× width of mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae; mesothoracic tibiae black, each bearing two spines along midlength; metathoracic tibiae black, each bearing two spines at basal 1/3. Elytra black, surface covered with vestiture of short white setae, metallic, concolorous with head and pronotum; slender, widest at apical 1/3, strongly narrow at basal 1/3.  
Distribution. China (Zhejiang, Fujian).  
 Phenology. Adults of L. fonti were collected from June to early July.   
 Natural history. Typical plants for this species are unknown, but there are some records of it having been collected from Cyclobalanopsis glauca. Lucanus fonti is strongly attracted to the light-trap. Adult longevity is 25–30 days. There is no published association of larvae and adults. Current rearing records have, however, been recorded by stag beetle amateurs. According to their descriptions, larvae of L. fonti require low temperature (stable 19°C) for their first and second instars. The final larval instar requires stable temperatures around 20–21°C. The entire larval development is usually 1–1.2 years.   
Collecting methods. Light-trap collected.
description: Published as part of Zhan, Zhihong & Young, Daniel K., 2023, A taxonomic assessment and redefinition of the Lucanus fortunei species group in China (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae), pp. 279-360 in Zoological Systematics 48 (4) on pages 317-319, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2023401, http://zenodo.org/record/10941626