cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Geology of the pre-Cretaceous rocks in a portion of the Santa Ana Mountains
Creators: name: Moore, Return Francis
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1948
Subjects: subject: Santiago Creek
subject: Silverado Canyon
subject: Trabuco Formation
subject: Santa Ana Mountains
subject: Santa Ana Formation
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Santa Ana Mountains, a northern extension of the
Penninsular Range, lie between the Elsinore Trough on the
East and the coastal plain on the West. The area concerned
in this investigation is in a northern part of the range in
Orange County, California. Both igneous and metasedimentary
rocks are present. Metasediments include the Santa Ana formation, which has been subdivided into two members, and the Hough formation. The oldest rocks have been dated as Triassic. Unconformably overlying the Santa Ana is the Hough formation which is believed to be Jurassic in age. Igneous rocks of pre-Upper Cretaceous age are intruded into the meta-sediments and are largely responsible for their metamorphism. Overlapping the metasediments from the west are Cretaceous rocks, the basal unit of which is the Trabuco formation.

Structurally the Santa Ana Mountains resemble the Sierra
Nevada, but on a smaller scale. They are essentially a tilted fault block. The older sediments were contorted into broad open folds late in Triassic time, but subsequent to this there has been little folding of consequence. Uplift of the east face of the mountains along the Elsinore fault occurred early in the Tertiary and has continued spasmodically up to the present. Later in the Tertiary there was normal faulting within the area which displaced Cretaceous and Triassic rocks.
Vector modulational instability induced by parametric resonance in periodically tapered highly-birefringent optical fibers
Creators: name: Armaroli, Andrea
name: Biancalana, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the modulational instability induced by periodic variations of group-velocity dispersion and nonlinear coefficients in a highly birefringent fiber. We observe, for each resonance order, the presence of two pairs of genuine vector type sidebands, which are spectrally unbalanced between the polarization components for nonzero group-index mismatch, and one pair of balanced sidebands emerging and dominating at increasing group-index mismatch. As the conventional modulational instability manifests itself, it is partially suppressed by the proximity of these new unstable regions.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, generalizes the methods of arXiv:1208.3484
Limited Storage
Creators: name: Riedel, Dagmar A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Manuscripts, Arabic
Islam
Paper
Libraries
Collection management (Libraries)

description: Précis and slides of an online presentation on 13 October 2021, in the trans-disciplinary seminar about "Paper Trails: Post-Industrial Histories, Technical Memories and Art Practices," organized by the Ecole de Design et Haute Ecole d’Art (EDHEA, Valais, Switzerland) and the Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT, Tomar, Portugal), Fall 2021. The presentation explored paper within the Islamic manuscript tradition.
Help Me Reflect: Leveraging Self-Reflection Interface Nudges to Enhance Deliberativeness on Online Deliberation Platforms
Creators: name: Yeo, Shun Yi
name: Lim, Gionnieve
name: Gao, Jie
name: Zhang, Weiyu
name: Perrault, Simon Tangi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The deliberative potential of online platforms has been widely examined. However, little is known about how various interface-based reflection nudges impact the quality of deliberation. This paper presents two user studies with 12 and 120 participants, respectively, to investigate the impacts of different reflective nudges on the quality of deliberation. In the first study, we examined five distinct reflective nudges: persona, temporal prompts, analogies and metaphors, cultural prompts and storytelling. Persona, temporal prompts, and storytelling emerged as the preferred nudges for implementation on online deliberation platforms. In the second study, we assess the impacts of these preferred reflectors more thoroughly. Results revealed a significant positive impact of these reflectors on deliberative quality. Specifically, persona promotes a deliberative environment for balanced and opinionated viewpoints while temporal prompts promote more individualised viewpoints. Our findings suggest that the choice of reflectors can significantly influence the dynamics and shape the nature of online discussions.
Interpolation Properties and SAT-based Model Checking
Creators: name: Gurfinkel, Arie
name: Rollini, Simone Fulvio
name: Sharygina, Natasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Craig interpolation is a widespread method in verification, with important applications such as Predicate Abstraction, CounterExample Guided Abstraction Refinement and Lazy Abstraction With Interpolants. Most state-of-the-art model checking techniques based on interpolation require collections of interpolants to satisfy particular properties, to which we refer as "collectives"; they do not hold in general for all interpolation systems and have to be established for each particular system and verification environment. Nevertheless, no systematic approach exists that correlates the individual interpolation systems and compares the necessary collectives. This paper proposes a uniform framework, which encompasses (and generalizes) the most common collectives exploited in verification. We use it for a systematic study of the collectives and of the constraints they pose on propositional interpolation systems used in SAT-based model checking.
Curating Big Data on Population and Settlements to Monitor the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Creators: name: Downs, Robert R.
name: Chen, Robert S.
name: De Sherbinin, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Geospatial data
Human settlements--Data processing
Population--Data processing
Database management
Information storage and retrieval systems

description: Spatial data describing population distribution and settlement patterns can be used, either alone or in conjunction with other data products and services such as Earth observations and in situ data, to assess progress on implementing the SDGs and to identify where additional efforts could benefit specific groups of people—especially those who might otherwise be left behind. Spatial population data are critical to the development and use of many SDG indicators, especially those based on per capita rates or computed separately for urban versus rural areas. However, to effectively utilize population and settlement data over time in the context of SDG monitoring and decision making, the data need to be curated, effectively managed throughout the data lifecycle, and persistently accessible in an open manner. Furthermore, in light of the interconnectedness of the SDGs, curation of population and settlement data needs to support cross-disciplinary and cross-sector use and reuse, to support consistency in monitoring, targeting, and decision making within and across countries, sectors, and time periods. Supporting long-term transdisciplinary use of population and settlement data, ensuring that these data are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR), clearly communicating their open access status, and describing their quality are essential capabilities that enable diverse users to effectively, efficiently, and transparently apply these data to their pressing challenges. Examples of population and settlement data for monitoring the SDGs are described along with approaches for curating, managing, and disseminating these data as open data for long-term use by diverse user communities.
Multiply Robust Difference-in-Differences Estimation of Causal Effect Curves for Continuous Exposures
Creators: name: Hettinger, Gary
name: Lee, Youjin
name: Mitra, Nandita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Researchers commonly use difference-in-differences (DiD) designs to evaluate public policy interventions. While methods exist for estimating effects in the context of binary interventions, policies often result in varied exposures across regions implementing the policy. Yet, existing approaches for incorporating continuous exposures face substantial limitations in addressing confounding variables associated with intervention status, exposure levels, and outcome trends. These limitations significantly constrain policymakers' ability to fully comprehend policy impacts and design future interventions. In this work, we propose new estimators for causal effect curves within the DiD framework, accounting for multiple sources of confounding. Our approach accommodates misspecification of a subset of treatment, exposure, and outcome models while avoiding any parametric assumptions on the effect curve. We present the statistical properties of the proposed methods and illustrate their application through simulations and a study investigating the heterogeneous effects of a nutritional excise tax under different levels of accessibility to cross-border shopping.
Precursor superconducting diamagnetism in YBa2Cu3O7-d with in-plane or intercalated magnetic impurities
Creators: name: Soto, F.
name: Cotón, N.
name: Dancausa, J. D.
name: Doval, J. M.
name: Ramos-Álvarez, A.
name: Rey, R. I.
name: Rodríguez, L.
name: Carballeira, C.
name: Mosqueira, J.
name: Ramallo, M. V.
name: Vidal, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetization around the superconducting transition was measured in YBa2Cu3O7-d with magnetic impurities in the CuO2 layers (Cu substituted by Zn or Ni) or between them (Y substituted by Gd or Pr). While some of these impurities have an important effect on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc), the precursor diamagnetism observed above Tc is not appreciably affected. This result contrasts with recent observations in a conventional BCS superconductor (La), in which the precursor diamagnetism was found to increase several orders of magnitude with the addition of a small amount (a few atomic percent) of Gd or Pr magnetic impurities.
description: 14 pages including 5 figures and 1 table
Negative and positive outflow-feedback in nearby (U)LIRGs
Creators: name: Cazzoli, Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Galaxies
(U)LIRGs
Outflows
Negative and positive feedback
Spectroscopy

description: The starburst-AGN coexistence in local (U)LIRGs makes these galaxies excellent laboratories for the study of stellar and AGN outflows and feedback. Outflows regulate star formation and AGN activity, redistributing gas, dust and metals over large scales in the interstellar and intergalactic media (negative feedback) being also considered to be able to undergo vigorous star formation (positive feedback). In this contribution, I will summarize the results from a search for outflows in a sample of 38 local (U)LIRG systems observed with VIMOS/VLT integral field unit (Cazzoli et al. 2014, 2016). For two galaxies of the sample I will detail the outflow properties and discuss the observational evidence for negative and positive outflow-feedback.
Maximum stress in a cylindrical bar of double wedge cross section under torsion
Creators: name: Williams, Max L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1948
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: A comparison of an exact calculation of maximum stress in a cylindrical rod under torsion is compared to the usual engineering approximation which takes the maximum stress as that existing on the boundary of the largest circle inscribed in the given cross section. A numerical example for a symmetrical thin double wedge cross section is calculated and essential agreement in stress magnitude found, although there was an eight degree difference in the location of the point of maximum stress.
Energy and Historic Buildings: Toward evidence-based policy reform
Creators: name: Avrami, Erica C.
name: Most, Jennifer L.
name: Gasha, Anna
name: Ghoshal, Shreya
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Historic buildings--Energy conservation
Historic buildings--Law and legislation
Energy policy
Historic sites
Greenhouse gases

description: This research informs the intersection of climate and heritage policy development by examining the history of US energy policy as it relates to historic buildings, emerging policy tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and the implications of a changing legislative landscape on historic buildings through the case of New York City. This study employs a multi-method approach, including a review of US energy codes; discourse analysis of government records, energy studies, and reports related to historic buildings and energy; select research into energy-related heritage policy at the municipal level; and geospatial and statistical methods to analyze policy implications in the case study of New York City. Historic buildings have long been afforded exemptions from energy code compliance in the US, and these waivers are widespread. Contemporary operating energy and greenhouse gas data, as well as energy justice findings about who these waivers privilege, challenge these exemptions and signal a need for significant policy reform in light of climate change. This study questions longstanding rhetoric about historic buildings being inherently green and supports the need for more evidence-based research to undergird heritage policy reform that is equitable and climate-responsive.
D9.3 - Progress report
Creators: name: Unterfrauner, Elisabeth
name: Fabian, Claudia Magdalena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The Deliverable D9.3 Progress Report describes the REINFORCE formative evaluation results, ie. intermediate evaluation data from the Zooniverse experience survey and the self-reflection exercise with all four demonstrator research teams. The feedback provided by the citizen scientists in the Zooniverse experience survey shows that the demonstrators are well accepted with only minor indications for things to improve. Citizen scientists enjoy their participation and feel confident about their contribution. The perceived difficulty is ideal in terms of the need for achievement for most demonstrators and should not be changed in the second phase of the demonstrators. Most experience a personal benefit and find that the project is useful per se. The majority think that their contribution is important for the success of the project. In the self- reflection exercise, both the implementation side with its processes and feasibility and the expected outcome and impact side were discussed together with the four demonstrator research teams in separate sessions. The results from the Zooniverse experience survey and the reflection exercise are summarised in the last section of the deliverable with recommendations for potential changes in the second phase of the demonstrators.
The hyper Wiener index of one pentagonal carbon nanocone
Creators: name: Khalifeh, M. H.
name: Darafsheh, M. R.
name: Jolany, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this paper is the computing one of topological indices of One-pentagonal carbon Nanocone. One-pentagonal carbon nanocone consists of one pentagone as its core surrounded by layers of hexagons .if there are n layers,then the graph of this molecules is denoted by G_n .In This paper our aim is to calculate the hyper-Wiener index of G_n explicitly .
Recent Increases in Exposure to Extreme Humid-Heat Events Disproportionately Affect Populated Regions
Creators: name: Rogers, Cassandra D. W.
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Li, Cuihua
name: Kornhuber, Kai
name: Coffel, Ethan
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Raymond, Colin Spencer
name: Singh, Deepti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Heat
Humidity
Heat--Physiological effect
Humidity--Physiological effect
Climatic extremes
Climatic changes

description: Extreme heat research has largely focused on dry-heat, while humid-heat that poses a substantial threat to human-health remains relatively understudied. Using hourly high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis and HadISD station data, we provide the first spatially comprehensive, global-scale characterization of the magnitude, seasonal timing, and frequency of dry- and wet-bulb temperature extremes and their trends. While the peak dry- and humid-heat extreme occurrences often coincide, their timing differs in climatologically wet regions. Since 1979, dry- and humid-heat extremes have become more frequent over most land regions, with the greatest increases in the tropics and Arctic. Humid-heat extremes have increased disproportionately over populated regions (∼5.0 days per-person per-decade) relative to global land-areas (∼3.6 days per-unit-land-area per-decade) and population exposure to humidheat has increased at a faster rate than to dry-heat. Our study highlights the need for a multivariate approach to understand and mitigate future harm from heat stress in a warming world.
Cosmological Perturbation in f(T) Gravity Revisited
Creators: name: Izumi, Keisuke
name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform detailed investigation of cosmological perturbations in f(T) theory of gravity coupled with scalar field. Our work emphasizes on the way to gauge fix the theory and we examine all possible modes of perturbations up to second order. The analysis includes pseudoscalar and pseudovector modes in addition to the usual scalar, vector, and tensor modes. We find no gravitational propagating degree of freedom in the scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, as well as pseudovector modes. In addition, we find that the scalar and tensor perturbations have exactly the same form as their counterparts in usual general relativity with scalar field, except that the factor of reduced Planck mass squared $M_{\text{pl}}^2 \equiv 1/(8πG)$ that occurs in the latter has now been replaced by an effective time-dependentgravitational coupling $-2 (df/dT)|_{T=T_0}$, with $T_0$ being the background torsion scalar. The absence of extra degrees of freedom of f(T) gravity at second order linear perturbation indicates that f(T) gravity is highly nonlinear. Consequently one cannot conclusively analyze stability of the theory without performing nonlinear analysis that can reveal the propagation of the extra degrees of freedom.
description: Final version, with improvement on the writing, as well as correction to some typos
Application of well-logging methods to shot holes
Creators: name: Eichelberger, Alexis Martin
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1939
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Electrical exploration, or the “well-logging,” of drill holes, for the oil industry, is a recent geophysical technique, dating only from 1928. There is no need to emphasize the absolute necessity of gathering reliable and complete information of all the formations encountered in the course of drilling. The oil industry has witnessed a continuous improvement in the manner of securing subsurface information. Drilling-speed charts, driller’s logs based on examination of cuttings, mechanical coring, paleontological analysis, wire-coring, etc., each furnishes some valuable data. But there is a constant urge to develop new means of investigation for the purpose of reducing the cost of drilling and obtaining more complete and reliable data. Today, electrical measurements constitute a new step forward, towards achieving this end.

The purpose of the work done by this author is to apply well-logging methods to the shot holes that are drilled by seismograph crews. In seismic prospecting it is necessary that the depth, below the surface, of the bottom of the low velocity or “weathered” layer be known accurately. By the methods now in use, this depth is calculated from the velocity of the seismic waves traveling through the weathered layer. However, by logging shot holes, one should be able to determine the thickness of the low velocity layer with a high degree of accuracy.

Another problem is seismic prospecting is the location of the top of the water table. At the present time this is done by noting the level at which the water stands in water wells. If no water wells are present one must simply guess at about the level of the top of the water table. By logging shot holes, it would seem probable that one should be able to locate the top of the water table accurately.

Thus by applying well-logging methods to shot holes, the author intends to locate the top of the water table, and, of greater importance, to locate the bottom of the weathered layer.
Spontaneous ferromagnetism in the spinor Bose gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Riedl, Kira
name: Drukier, Casper
name: Zalom, Peter
name: Kopietz, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in the two-component Bose gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling an arbitrarily small attractive interaction between bosons with opposite spin induces spontaneous ferromagnetism below a finite critical temperature $T_c$. In the ferromagnetic phase the single-particle spectrum exhibits a unique minimum in momentum space in the direction of the magnetization. For sufficiently small temperatures below $T_c$ the bosons eventually condense into the unique state at the bottom of the spectrum, forming a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Time-Multiplexed FPGA Overlay Networks on Chip
Creators: name: Mehta, Nikil
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2006
Subjects: Time Multiplexed
Reconfigurable Computing
Overlay Network
FPGA
Network on Chip
Computer Science
Graph Machine
Topology

description: How do we design a communication network for processing elements (PEs) on a single chip that minimizes application communication time and area? In designing such a network it is essential to use a network communication pattern that matches application communication and area requirements. This report characterizes the design space of a particular communication pattern for networks on chip: Time-Multiplexed Interconnect. In contrast to more commonly used packet-switched networks, which route communication dynamically, time-multiplexed networks schedule all possible communication prior to runtime with an offline router. We describe how to build well engineered, highly scalable time-multiplexed FPGA networks in terms of topology selection, routing algorithm design and hardware design that operate on a Xilinx XC2V6000-4 at 166MHz. To benchmark our networks we use real, communication rich applications instead of generating synthetic traffic. We show that over all areas (10K–10M slices) and over all applications the best "one topology fits all" is Butterfly Fat Tree (BFT) with c = 1, p = 0.5, which requires, in the worst case, 6.1x as many cycles to route communication than the optimal topology. We compare time-multiplexing to packet-switching, and show that on average, over all applications for all equivalent topologies, online packet-switched communication requires 1.5x as many cycles to route as offline time-multiplexed scheduling. When applying designs to equivalent area, for areas 100K slices packet-switching requires up to 3.4x as many cycles to route as time-multiplexing in the worst case. Finally, for equivalent, large networks (>100 PEs) time-multiplexing outperforms packet-switching for communication loads where greater than 10% of all logical links are active. This demonstrates that well designed time-multiplexed FPGA overlay networks can deliver performance and area efficiency exceeding that of packet-switched networks.
Essay: Electromagnetics and Materials
Creators: name: Liu, Huan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Magnetic field, electric field, electromagnetic wave, New Materials
subject: http://natural-foundation-science.org/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1618&extra=page%3D1

description: Magnetic field, electric field and electromagnetic wave. Application on the new materials.
The Escape Fraction of Ionizing Radiation from Galaxies
Creators: name: Benson, Andrew
name: Venkatesan, Aparna
name: Shull, J. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The escape of ionizing radiation from galaxies plays a critical role in the evolution of gas in galaxies, and the heating and ionization history of the intergalactic medium. We present semi-analytic calculations of the escape fraction of ionizing radiation for both hydrogen and helium from galaxies ranging from primordial systems to disk-type galaxies that are not heavily dust-obscured. We consider variations in the galaxy density profile, source type, location, and spectrum, and gas overdensity/distribution factors. For sufficiently hard first-light sources, the helium ionization fronts closely track or advance beyond that of hydrogen. Key new results in this work include calculations of the escape fractions for He I and He II ionizing radiation, and the impact of partial ionization from X-rays from early AGN or stellar clusters on the escape fractions from galaxy halos. When factoring in frequency-dependent effects, we find that X-rays play an important role in boosting the escape fractions for both hydrogen and helium, but especially for He II. We briefly discuss the implications of these results for recent observations of the He II reionization epoch at low redshifts, as well as the UV data and emission-line signatures from early galaxies anticipated from future satellite missions.
description: 43 pages, 9 figures, accepted in ApJ, comments welcome
Machiavellian Masculinities: Historicizing and Contextualizing the “Civilizing Process” in Ancient Egypt
Creators: name: Morris, Ellen F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Civilization, Ancient
Egyptology
Masculinity
Funeral rites and ceremonies
Power (Social sciences)

description: This article examines the evidence for warrior burials from periods when the state was decentralized or relatively weak and argues that conceptions of manhood in fact oscillated between an irenic ideal and a more violent counterpart. Drawing upon comparative case studies and advice given by Niccolò Machiavelli to his prince, I argue that hegemonic masculinity in Egypt did not simply reflect the character of the times. Rather, rulers actively promoted the type of masculinity that best served their purpose. To an ambitious local ruler engaged in enlarging his core territory, it was beneficial to appeal to and encourage ideals of valor among potential soldiers and supporters. Once peace had been established, however, violent masculinities proved disruptive. Based on internal evidence as well as observations of authoritarian governments that aimed similarly to solidify their power and pacify their realms, I suggest that pharaohs and their advisors likely employed five specific strategies to neutralize potential competitors and transform an honor-bound warrior aristocracy into courtiers and bureaucrats.
Dynamical phase transitions in supercooled liquids: interpreting measurements of dynamical activity
Creators: name: Fullerton, Christopher J.
name: Jack, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamical phase transitions in a model supercooled liquid. These transitions occur in ensembles of trajectories that are biased towards low (or high) dynamical activity. We compare two different measures of activity that were introduced in recent papers and we find that they are anti-correlated with each other. To interpret this result, we show that the two measures couple to motion on different length and time scales. We find that inactive states with very slow structural relaxation nevertheless have increased molecular motion on short scales. We discuss these results in terms of the potential energy landscape of the system and in terms of the liquid structure in active/inactive states.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
How do people radicalize?
Creators: name: Sabic-El-Rayess, Amra
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Radicalization
Radicalism
Education
Mentoring
Alienation (Social psychology)
Salafīyah

description: Very little is known about how violent extremist practices are learned, and the role of educational channels through which they are spread. This empirical study extrapolates insights specific to the Bosnian and Herzegovinian context to demonstrate how one ultraconservative ideology, Salafism, can radically alter the dominant thinking and behavior of ordinary individuals once they feel displaced from the mainstream institutions and particularly from the formal education. At the core of the displacement and replacement model of radicalization is an informal and tactful teacher, influencer, or a mentor that individuals connect with either online or in person. Using the primary data collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina through 20 in-depth and semi-structured interviews with radicalized persons, the study sequences a ten-step radicalization model through which the interviewees have transformed from ordinary citizens into radicalized actors with a potential to engage in violent extremism.
Revisiting series expansions of neutrino oscillation and decay probabilities in matter
Creators: name: Grönroos, Jesper
name: Ohlsson, Tommy
name: Vihonen, Sampsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analytic expressions for three-flavor neutrino oscillations in presence of invisible neutrino decay and matter effects. Using the well-known Cayley-Hamilton formalism, the leading-order terms are derived for oscillation probabilities in all major channels assuming the neutrino mass eigenstate $ν_3$ to decay. Our work extends and complements previous studies utilizing the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, providing the series expansions for $ν_e \rightarrow ν_e$, $ν_e \rightarrow ν_μ$, $ν_e \rightarrow ν_τ$, $ν_μ\rightarrow ν_μ$ and $ν_μ\rightarrow ν_τ$. The accuracy of the analytical formulas is investigated by comparing the results with numerically calculated probabilities. We also comment on the implications on unitarity violation.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures and 1 table. Matches the published version
Quantum Hall Effect of Two-Component Bosons at Fractional and Integral Fillings
Creators: name: Wu, Ying-Hai
name: Jain, Jainendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the feasibility of many candidate quantum Hall states for two-component bosons in the lowest Landau level. We identify interactions for which spin-singlet incompressible states occur at filling factors $ν=2/3$, 4/5 and 4/3, and spin-partially-polarized states at filling factors 3/4 and 3/2, where "spin" serves as a generic label for the two components. We study ground states, excitations, edge states and entanglement spectrum for systems with up to 16 bosons, and construct explicit trial wave functions to clarify the underlying physics. The composite fermion theory very accurately describes the ground states as well as excitations at $ν=2/3$, 4/5 and 3/4, although it is less satisfactory for the $ν=3/2$ state. For $ν=4/3$ a "non-Abelian spin-singlet" state has been proposed to occur for a 2-body contact interaction; we find that it is more likely that the actual state here is a spin-singlet state of reverse-flux-attached composite fermions at filling $ν^*=4$. We also consider incompressible states at integral filling factors $ν=1$ and 2. The incompressible state at $ν=1$ is shown to be well described by the parton-based Jain spin-singlet wave function, and the incompressible state at $ν=2$ as the spin-singlet state of reverse-flux-attached composite fermions at $ν^*=2$.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures; v2: two figures updated; minor change
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and characterization of magnetic phases for spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Tokuno, Akiyuki
name: Uchino, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates to dynamical modulation of magnetic fields is discussed with linear response theory. As an experimentally measurable quantity, the energy absorption rate (EAR) is considered, and the response function is found to access quadratic spin correlations which come from the perturbation of the quadratic Zeeman term. By applying our formalism to spin-1 condensates, we demonstrate that the EAR spectrum as a function of the modulation frequency is able to characterize the different magnetically ordered phases.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; published version
Supporting the Initial Work of Evidence-Based Improvement Cycles Through a Data-Intensive Partnership
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
name: Krumm, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Educational leadership
School improvement programs
School improvement programs--Data processing
Decision making
Cluster analysis
Information visualization

description: Purpose: Currently in the education data use literature there is a lack of research and examples that consider the early steps of filtering, organizing, and visualizing data to inform decision making. The purpose of this study is to describe how school leaders and researchers visualized and jointly made sense of data from a common learning management system (LMS) used by students across multiple schools and grades in a charter management organization operating in the United States. To make sense of LMS data, researchers and practitioners formed a partnership to organize complex data sets, create data visualizations, and engage in joint sensemaking around data visualizations to begin to launch continuous improvement cycles. Design: We analyzed LMS data for n=476 students in Algebra I using hierarchical cluster analysis heatmaps. We also engaged in a qualitative case study that examined the ways in which school leaders made sense of the data visualization to inform improvement efforts. Findings: The outcome of this study is a framework for informing evidence-based improvement cycles using large, complex datasets. Central to moving through the various steps in the proposed framework are collaborations between researchers and practitioners who each bring expertise that is necessary for organizing, filtering, and visualizing data from digital learning environments and administrative data systems. Originality: We propose an integrated cycle of data use in schools that builds on collaborations between researchers and school leaders to inform evidence-based improvement cycles.
Broadband biphoton source for quantum optical coherence tomography based on a Michelson interferometer
Creators: name: Katamadze, Konstantin
name: Romanova, Anna
name: Chupakhin, Denis
name: Pashchenko, Alexander
name: Kulik, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broadband correlated photon pairs (biphotons) are valuable in quantum metrology, but current generation methods either involve complex nonlinear structures or lack sufficient bandwidth and brightness. In this work, we theoretically describe and experimentally demonstrate a novel technique for generation of a bright collinear biphoton field with a broad spectrum, achieved by using a tightly focused pump in a bulk nonlinear crystal. As the most straightforward application of the source, we employ Michelson interferometer-based quantum optical coherence tomography (QOCT). Utilizing the source enables the demonstration of record resolution and dispersion cancellation for this QOCT scheme.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Sustained Benefit of Alternate Behavioral Interventions to Improve Hypertension Control: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Maria Antonia
name: Wang, Binhuan
name: Hyoung, Sangmin
name: Friedberg, Jennifer
name: Wylie-Rosett, Judith
name: Fang, Yixin
name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Lipsitz, Stuart R.
name: Natarajan, Sundar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Blood pressure
Hypertension--Treatment
Health behavior
Patient education

description: Little is known about the long-term effects of behavioral interventions to improve blood pressure (BP) control. We evaluated whether a telephone-delivered, behavioral stage-matched intervention (SMI), or a nontailored health education intervention (HEI) delivered for 6 months improves BP control (or lowers systolic BP) over 12 months, as well as its sustainability 6 months after intervention implementation ended, compared with usual care in participants with repeated uncontrolled BP at baseline. A 3-arm, randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of 2 interventions, each compared with a usual-care control group. Participants were 533 adults with persistent uncontrolled BP who were treated at 2 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers. The intervention was implemented for 6 months, followed by 6 months of observation. Compared with usual care, the odds of having BP under control over 12 months in SMI were 84% higher (odds ratio, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.28–2.67]; P=0.001), and 48% higher in HEI (odds ratio, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.02–2.14]; P=0.04).Over the 12 months, compared with usual care, systolic blood pressure was 2.80 mm Hg lower in SMI ([95% CI, 0.27 to 5.33]; P=0.03) while it was 2.58 mm Hg lower in HEI ([95% CI, −0.40 to 5.55]; P=0.09). From 6 to 12 months, SMI sustained improved BP control and lower systolic blood pressure, while HEI, which did not have significantly better BP control or lower systolic blood pressure at 6 months, appeared to improve BP control and lower systolic blood pressure. SMI and HEI are promising interventions that can be implemented in clinical practice to improve BP management.
Wissensvermittlung auf dem Prüfstand. Ein Beitrag experimenteller Archäologie zur Textilarchäologie
Creators: name: Banck-Burgess, Johanna
Publisher: name: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege
Year: 2017

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 46, Nr. 1 (2017)
Mitteilungen
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege
Year: 2017

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 46, Nr. 1 (2017)
Investigation of the transmission of a shock wave through an orifice
Creators: name: Monroe, Louis L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1959
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: A shock wave propagating in air in a shock tube was reflected from an orifice plate, and the strength or Mach number of the transmitted wave was measured for a range of incident shock Mach numbers from 3 to 9 for several types of orifices. Also schlieren photographs of the starting flow pattern were made for some of the orifices investigated.

The measured values of transmitted shock strength are compared with predicted values based on a theoretical one-dimensional flow model for both an ideal gas and a real gas. The agreement between the measured values of transmitted wave Mach number and the theoretically predicted values is extremely good in the Mach number range investigated for a wedge type orifice at an ambient shock tube pressure of 5.0 mm Hg, and also for a conical type orifice at an ambient shock tube pressure of 2.5 mm Hg. For both orifices the ratio of outlet area to inlet area is 7.67.

The data also indicate that for a wedge type orifice of area ratio of 23.0 and for a plate (free expansion) type orifice of area ratio 23.0 possible boundary layer and shock wave interactions downstream of the orifice result in measured values of transmitted wave Mach number somewhat greater than that predicted by the one-dimensional flow model.

Investigation of the conical orifice with an area ratio 7.67 at a low ambient pressure in the shock tube (0.4 mm Hg) also yields measured values of transmitted wave Mach number greater than that predicted by the one-dimensional flow model, indicating the probable development of a thick boundary layer behind the transmitted wave downstream of the orifice.
Depressive symptoms, mental wellbeing, and substance use among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iceland: a longitudinal, population-based study
Creators: name: Thorisdottir, Ingibjorg E.
name: Asgeirsdottir, Bryndis Bjork
name: Kristjansson, Alfgeir L.
name: Valdimarsdottir, Heiddis
name: Jonsdottir Tolgyes, Erla Maria
name: Sigfusson, Jon
name: Allegrante, John P.
name: Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora
name: Halldorsdottir, Thorhildur
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Teenagers--Substance use
Teenagers--Mental health
COVID-19 (Disease)--Social aspects
Depression, Mental

description: Background: Adolescence represents a crucial developmental period in shaping mental health trajectories. In this study, we investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and substance use during this sensitive developmental stage. Methods: In this longitudinal, population-based study, surveys were administered to a nationwide sample of 13-18-year-olds in Iceland in October or February in 2016 and 2018, and in October, 2020 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). The surveys assessed depressive symptoms with the Symptom Checklist-90, mental wellbeing with the Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and the frequency of cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and alcohol intoxication. Demographic data were collected, which included language spoken at home although not ethnicity data. We used mixed effects models to study the effect of gender, age, and survey year on trends in mental health outcomes. Findings: 59 701 survey responses were included; response rates ranged from 63% to 86%. An increase in depressive symptoms (β 0·57, 95% CI 0·53 to 0·60) and worsened mental wellbeing (β -0·46, 95% CI -0·49 to -0·42) were observed across all age groups during the pandemic compared with same-aged peers before COVID-19. These outcomes were significantly worse in adolescent girls compared with boys (β 4·16, 95% CI 4·05 to 4·28, and β -1·13, 95% CI -1·23 to -1·03, respectively). Cigarette smoking (OR 2·61, 95% CI 2·59 to 2·66), e-cigarette use (OR 2·61, 95% CI 2·59 to 2·64), and alcohol intoxication (OR 2·59, 95% CI 2·56 to 2·64) declined among 15-18-year-olds during COVID-19, with no similar gender differences. Interpretation: Our results suggest that COVID-19 has significantly impaired adolescent mental health. However, the decrease observed in substance use during the pandemic might be an unintended benefit of isolation, and might serve as a protective factor against future substance use disorders and dependence. Population-level prevention efforts, especially for girls, are warranted.
Unifying the Linear Time-Branching Time Spectrum of Process Semantics
Creators: name: Escrig, David de Frutos
name: Gregorio-Rodríguez, Carlos
name: Palomino, Miguel
name: Hernández, David Romero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Van Glabbeek's linear time-branching time spectrum is one of the most relevant work on comparative study on process semantics, in which semantics are partially ordered by their discrimination power. In this paper we bring forward a refinement of this classification and show how the process semantics can be dealt with in a uniform way: based on the very natural concept of constrained simulation we show how we can classify the spectrum in layers; for the families lying in the same layer we show how to obtain in a generic way equational, observational, logical and operational characterizations; relations among layers are also very natural and differences just stem from the constraint imposed on the simulations that rule the layers. Our methodology also shows how to achieve a uniform treatment of semantic preorders and equivalences.
Selecting microscopic Equations of State
Creators: name: Taranto, G.
name: Baldo, M.
name: Burgio, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare a set of equations of state derived within microscopic many-body approaches, and study their predictions as far as phenomenological data on nuclei from heavy ion collisions, and astrophysical observations on neutron stars are concerned. We find that all the data, taken together, put strong constraints not easy to be fulfilled accurately. However, no major discrepancies are found among the selected equations of state and with respect to the data. The results provide an estimate of the uncertainty on the theoretical prediction at a microscopic level of the nuclear equation of state.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Existence of generalized totally umbilic 2-spheres in perturbed 3-spheres
Creators: name: Carlotto, Alessandro
name: Mondino, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It was recently shown by R. Souam and E. Toubiana that the (non constantly curved) Berger spheres do not contain totally umbilic surfaces. Nevertheless in this article we show, by perturbative arguments, that all analytic metrics sufficiently close to the round metric $g_{0}$ on $\mathbb{S}^{3}$ possess \textsl{generalized} totally umbilic 2-spheres, namely critical points of the conformal Willmore functional $\int_Σ|A^\circ|^{2}\,dμ_γ$. The same is true in the smooth setting provided a suitable non-degeneracy condition on the traceless Ricci tensor holds. The proof involves a gluing process of two different finite-dimensional reduction schemes, a sharp asymptotic analysis of the functional on perturbed umbilic spheres of small radius and a quantitative Schur-type Lemma in order to treat the cases when the traceless Ricci tensor of the perturbation is degenerate but not identically zero. For left-invariant metrics on $SU(2)\cong \mathbb{S}^{3}$ our result implies the existence of uncountably many distinct Willmore spheres.
description: 21 pages