cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toward 3D Spatial Reasoning for Human-like Text-based Visual Question Answering
Creators: name: Li, Hao
name: Huang, Jinfa
name: Jin, Peng
name: Song, Guoli
name: Wu, Qi
name: Chen, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text-based Visual Question Answering~(TextVQA) aims to produce correct answers for given questions about the images with multiple scene texts. In most cases, the texts naturally attach to the surface of the objects. Therefore, spatial reasoning between texts and objects is crucial in TextVQA. However, existing approaches are constrained within 2D spatial information learned from the input images and rely on transformer-based architectures to reason implicitly during the fusion process. Under this setting, these 2D spatial reasoning approaches cannot distinguish the fine-grain spatial relations between visual objects and scene texts on the same image plane, thereby impairing the interpretability and performance of TextVQA models. In this paper, we introduce 3D geometric information into a human-like spatial reasoning process to capture the contextual knowledge of key objects step-by-step. %we formulate a human-like spatial reasoning process by introducing 3D geometric information for capturing key objects' contextual knowledge. To enhance the model's understanding of 3D spatial relationships, Specifically, (i)~we propose a relation prediction module for accurately locating the region of interest of critical objects; (ii)~we design a depth-aware attention calibration module for calibrating the OCR tokens' attention according to critical objects. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on TextVQA and ST-VQA datasets. More encouragingly, our model surpasses others by clear margins of 5.7\% and 12.1\% on questions that involve spatial reasoning in TextVQA and ST-VQA valid split. Besides, we also verify the generalizability of our model on the text-based image captioning task.
description: Accepted by TIP2023, The Arxiv version of "Weakly-Supervised 3D Spatial Reasoning for Text-based Visual Question Answering"
Carbon superstructure nanoflower derived from self-assembly of polyimide for superior lithium storage
Creators: name: Li, Shubing
name: Fei, Ben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this paper, three-dimensional carbon superstructures (CSSs) have been proposed through an effective method. Specifically, the hierarchical self-assembly of polyimide (PI) is followed by thermal annealing. Moreover, the structural evolution of PI under the various pyrolysis time was also comprehensively studied. It is noted that the as-prepared CSSs as anode composites for LIBs, especially CSS-5 h, exhibited extraordinary electrochemical properties, exhibiting a high reversible performance, great rate performance, and excellent cycling stability. As expected, the superior electrochemical capability can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of combining the nanoflower-like carbon superstructures with nitrogen contents. Such a method might encourage the inspirations to devise and obtain various heteroatom-modulated and hierarchical polymer-derived carbon composites for LIBs.
Assessing the impact of school-based interventions using synthetic control methods
Creators: name: Custers, Gijs
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Evaluating policy programs in the educational field can be challenging due to the complex structure of the educational landscape. In this project, we leverage the rich CBS microdata to estimate the effectiveness of an extended school week intervention in Rotterdam South. The intervention is one of the main pillars of the National Program Rotterdam South (NPRZ) and aims to improve test scores and primary school advice in approximately 30 primary schools. To estimate the impact of the intervention, we use synthetic control methods, which allow us to not only estimate the average causal effect of the intervention, but also to investigate the variability of the intervention among schools. We discuss the application of synthetic control methods in the educational field and possible advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we consider the implications of the results for the extended school week intervention.
The Empirical Student on the Application of China’s Standard of English: the Case of A Vocational College Ningxia Province, China
Creators: name: Zhouyi Zhai
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion.
Year: 2023
Subjects: Oral English Ability
Classroom Interactional Competence
Translanguaging
China’s Standards of English Language Ability

description: International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews, 3, 2, 47-54
The Use of Task-Based Learning on Dhamma to Develop Students’ English Reading Comprehension at Mahapajapati Buddhist College (MBC)
Creators: name: Phraudomthirakhun (Bhawat Sawaengdi)
Publisher: name: DR.KEN Institute of Academic Development and Promotion.
Year: 2023
Subjects: Task-Based Learning (TBL)
Dhamma
English Reading Comprehension
Mahapajapati Buddhist College (MBC)

description: International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews, 3, 2, 55-62
Using Latent Binary Variables for Online Reconstruction of Large Scale Systems
Creators: name: Martin, Victorin
name: Lasgouttes, Jean-Marc
name: Furtlehner, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a probabilistic graphical model realizing a minimal encoding of real variables dependencies based on possibly incomplete observation and an empirical cumulative distribution function per variable. The target application is a large scale partially observed system, like e.g. a traffic network, where a small proportion of real valued variables are observed, and the other variables have to be predicted. Our design objective is therefore to have good scalability in a real-time setting. Instead of attempting to encode the dependencies of the system directly in the description space, we propose a way to encode them in a latent space of binary variables, reflecting a rough perception of the observable (congested/non-congested for a traffic road). The method relies in part on message passing algorithms, i.e. belief propagation, but the core of the work concerns the definition of meaningful latent variables associated to the variables of interest and their pairwise dependencies. Numerical experiments demonstrate the applicability of the method in practice.
Learning multifractal structure in large networks
Creators: name: Benson, Austin R.
name: Riquelme, Carlos
name: Schmit, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.4.0; E.1

description: Generating random graphs to model networks has a rich history. In this paper, we analyze and improve upon the multifractal network generator (MFNG) introduced by Palla et al. We provide a new result on the probability of subgraphs existing in graphs generated with MFNG. From this result it follows that we can quickly compute moments of an important set of graph properties, such as the expected number of edges, stars, and cliques. Specifically, we show how to compute these moments in time complexity independent of the size of the graph and the number of recursive levels in the generative model. We leverage this theory to a new method of moments algorithm for fitting large networks to MFNG. Empirically, this new approach effectively simulates properties of several social and information networks. In terms of matching subgraph counts, our method outperforms similar algorithms used with the Stochastic Kronecker Graph model. Furthermore, we present a fast approximation algorithm to generate graph instances following the multi- fractal structure. The approximation scheme is an improvement over previous methods, which ran in time complexity quadratic in the number of vertices. Combined, our method of moments and fast sampling scheme provide the first scalable framework for effectively modeling large networks with MFNG.
D7-Brane Chaotic Inflation
Creators: name: Hebecker, Arthur
name: Kraus, Sebastian C.
name: Witkowski, Lukas T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze string-theoretic large-field inflation in the regime of spontaneously-broken supergravity with conventional moduli stabilization by fluxes and non-perturbative effects. The main ingredient is a shift-symmetric Kahler potential, supplemented by flux-induced shift symmetry breaking in the superpotential. The central technical observation is that all these features are present for D7-brane position moduli in Type IIB orientifolds, allowing for a realization of the axion monodromy proposal in a controlled string theory compactification. On the one hand, in the large complex structure regime the D7-brane position moduli inherit a shift symmetry from their mirror-dual Type IIA Wilson lines. On the other hand, the Type IIB flux superpotential generically breaks this shift symmetry and allows, by appealing to the large flux discretuum, to tune the relevant coefficients to be small. The shift-symmetric direction in D7-brane moduli space can then play the role of the inflaton: While the D7-brane circles a certain trajectory on the Calabi-Yau many times, the corresponding F-term energy density grows only very slowly, thanks to the above-mentioned tuning of the flux. Thus, the large-field inflationary trajectory can be realized in a regime where Kahler, complex structure and other brane moduli are stabilized in a conventional manner, as we demonstrate using the example of the Large Volume Scenario.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added
Mit FAIRagro lernen – Schulung und Ausbildung
Creators: name: Stahl, Ulrike
name: Lindstädt, Birte
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Training
Ausbildung
Agrosystemwissenschaften
Data Steward
Forschungsdatenmanagement

description: Mit "FAIRagro lernen - Schulung und Ausbildung" ist eine Präsentation auf dem dritten online FAIRagro-Community-Workshop am 1.12.2022. Im FAIRagro Konsortium wird ein Trainings- und Lehrmodul “Agrosystem” entwickelt, das die Datenkompetenz von Studierenden, Graduierten und WissenschaftlerInnen stärken wird. Neben online und persönlichen Schulungen, der Erstellung von Schulungsmaterialien im Sinne von Open Educational Resource wird ebenso die Ausbildung von Agrosystem Datastewards vorangetrieben und über Zertifikatskurse und der Verankerung in Curricula realisiert.
Leptophobic Dark Matter at Neutrino Factories
Creators: name: Batell, Brian
name: deNiverville, Patrick
name: McKeen, David
name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Ritz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-luminosity fixed-target neutrino experiments present a new opportunity to search for light sub-GeV dark matter and associated new forces. We analyze the physics reach of these experiments to light leptophobic dark states coupled to the Standard Model via gauging the $U(1)_B$ baryon current. When the baryonic vector is light, and can decay to dark matter, we find that the MiniBooNE experiment in its current beam-dump configuration can extend sensitivity to the baryonic fine structure constant down to $α_B\sim 10^{-6}$. This is significantly below the existing limits over much of the sub-GeV mass range currently inaccessible to direct detection experiments.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Prospects for asteroseismic inference on the envelope helium abundance in red giant stars
Creators: name: Broomhall, A. -M.
name: Miglio, A.
name: Montalban, J.
name: Eggenberger, P.
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Elsworth, Y.
name: Scuflaire, R.
name: Ventura, P.
name: Verner, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Regions of rapid variation in the internal structure of a star are often referred to as acoustic glitches since they create a characteristic periodic signature in the frequencies of p modes. Here we examine the localized disturbance arising from the helium second ionization zone in red giant branch and clump stars. More specifically, we determine how accurately and precisely the parameters of the ionization zone can be obtained from the oscillation frequencies of stellar models. We use models produced by three different generation codes that not only cover a wide range of stages of evolution along the red giant phase but also incorporate different initial helium abundances. We discuss the conditions under which such fits robustly and accurately determine the acoustic radius of the second ionization zone of helium. The determined radii of the ionization zones as inferred from the mode frequencies were found to be coincident with the local maximum in the first adiabatic exponent described by the models, which is associated with the outer edge of the second ionization zone of helium. Finally, we consider whether this method can be used to distinguish stars with different helium abundances. Although a definite trend in the amplitude of the signal is observed any distinction would be difficult unless the stars come from populations with vastly different helium abundances or the uncertainties associated with the fitted parameters can be reduced. However, application of our methodology could be useful for distinguishing between different populations of red giant stars in globular clusters, where distinct populations with very different helium abundances have been observed.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A comprehensive review of firefly algorithms
Creators: name: Fister, Iztok
name: Fister, Iztok
name: Yang, Xin-She
name: Brest, Janez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The firefly algorithm has become an increasingly important tool of Swarm Intelligence that has been applied in almost all areas of optimization, as well as engineering practice. Many problems from various areas have been successfully solved using the firefly algorithm and its variants. In order to use the algorithm to solve diverse problems, the original firefly algorithm needs to be modified or hybridized. This paper carries out a comprehensive review of this living and evolving discipline of Swarm Intelligence, in order to show that the firefly algorithm could be applied to every problem arising in practice. On the other hand, it encourages new researchers and algorithm developers to use this simple and yet very efficient algorithm for problem solving. It often guarantees that the obtained results will meet the expectations.
Symmetric Wannier states and tight-binding model for quantum spin Hall bands in AB-stacked MoTe$_2$/WSe$_2$
Creators: name: Luo, Xun-Jiang
name: Wang, Minxuan
name: Wu, Fengcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the observation of topological states in AB-stacked MoTe$_2$/WSe$_2$, we construct the symmetry-adapted Wannier states and tight-binding model for the quantum spin Hall bands in this system. Our construction is based on the symmetry analysis of Bloch states obtained from the continuum moiré Hamiltonian. For model parameters extracted from first-principles calculations, we find that the quantum spin Hall bands can be described by a tight-binding model defined on a triangular lattice. There are two Wannier states per valley, which have the same Wannier center but different angular momenta under threefold rotation. The tight-binding model not only reproduces the energy spectrum, but also accurately describes the topological phase transition induced by the out-of-plane displacement field. Our study sheds new light on the topological states in moiré transition metal dichalcogenides bilayers, and provides a route to addressing the many-body physics in AB-stacked MoTe$_2$/WSe$_2$.
description: 14 pages,9 figures
title: New Zealand Volcano Early Warning System (NZVEWS) version 2: monitoring instrumentation recommendations
Creators: name: Taylor-Offord, Sam
name: Miller, Craig A.
name: Sherburn, Steve
name: Lamb, Oliver D.
name: Hughes, Ery C.
name: Spesivtsev, Aleksander
name: Asher, Cam
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2023

description: Over 10 years have passed since the last systematic review of Aotearoa New Zealand’s volcano monitoring instrumentation requirements. Here, we conduct a new review, following and expanding on the approach taken by Miller (2011) and Miller and Jolly (2014) in the first New Zealand Volcano Early Warning System (NZVEWS) report.
In this report, we present recommendations on volcano monitoring instrumentation and a set of prioritisation principles to support their implementation for the next decade to 2033. Our recommendations are derived from a mixture of the United States Geological Survey National VEWS recommendations of Moran et al. (2008) and the data needs of the Aotearoa New Zealand volcano monitoring community, gathered from written submissions, a series of workshops and continued dialogue with the expert data users.  We group recommendations into four instrumentation levels and associate these levels with the volcano threat groups in Miller et al. (2022). We then compare the recommended and existing data acquisition networks to identify gaps. We invited the volcano monitoring community to design instrumentation networks that would address these gaps and align with the network design principles developed through data needs consultation. From these network designs, we produce minimum and maximum network recommendations for each volcano. In total, 307 additional instrumentation stations are recommended in network designs and between 318 and 550 additional sensors are recommended overall (not including web cameras). To help guide the implementation of the recommendations over the next 10 years, we provide a set of prioritisation principles that have been agreed on by the GeoNet Volcano Monitoring Group at GNS Science.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INDIA'S GENDER-BASED AND GENDER-EQUAL SEXUAL ASSAULT LAWS
Creators: name: Moumita Rout Majumdar
name: Dr. Deepashri S Choudhari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract 
Rape is the most extreme kind of sexual assault, which starts with persistent and intense sexual harassment in less severe forms that often goes unrecognised. The Indian Penal Code, 1860 was implemented in British India during the early years of British Raj and remains in effect with appropriate modifications. Despite the growing prevalence of many types of sexual assault, the Indian Penal Code, 1860 inadequately defines the concept of sexual assault. The Indian Penal Code (IPC) explicitly designates 'Rape' as the exclusive kind of sexual assault. Although the Criminal Law Amendment Act of 2013 broadened the definition of rape, in response to the Delhi Gang Rape Case of 2012, this crime still mostly targets one gender. The legislation of multiple countries, specifically the United Kingdom and the United States, has addressed the present demand by enacting laws concerning the same matter.   This legislation retains the offence of 'rape' while also adding a more encompassing offence known as 'Assault by Penetration' and a separate category for 'Sexual Assault'. The objective of this essay is to make a comparison between the legal frameworks governing sexual assault in India and the United Kingdom and the United States, while employing a human-rights-centered approach to define the offence of sexual assault. The main objective is to examine the current legislation on sexual assault in India and the United Kingdom, and evaluate the influence of gender in classifying the individuals engaged in sexual activities in India.
Oscillation mode linewidths and heights of 23 main-sequence stars observed by Kepler
Creators: name: Appourchaux, T.
name: Antia, H. M.
name: Benomar, O.
name: Campante, T. L.
name: Davies, G. R.
name: Handberg, R.
name: Howe, R.
name: Régulo, C.
name: Belkacem, K.
name: Houdek, G.
name: García, R. A.
name: Chaplin, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar-like oscillations have been observed by Kepler and CoRoT in many solar-type stars, thereby providing a way to probe the stars using asteroseismology. We provide the mode linewidths and mode heights of the oscillations of various stars as a function of frequency and of effective temperature. We used a time series of nearly two years of data for each star. The 23 stars observed belong to the simple or F-like category. The power spectra of the 23 main-sequence stars were analysed using both maximum likelihood estimators and Bayesian estimators, providing individual mode characteristics such as frequencies, linewidths, and mode heights. We study the source of systematic errors in the mode linewidths and mode heights, and we present a way to correct these errors with respect to a common reference fit. Using the correction, we could explain all sources of systematic errors, which could be reduced to less than $\pm$15% for mode linewidths and heights, and less than $\pm$5% for amplitude, when compared to the reference fit. The effect of a different estimated stellar background and a different estimated splitting will provide frequency-dependent systematic errors that might affect the comparison with theoretical mode linewidth and mode height, therefore affecting the understanding of the physical nature of these parameters. All other sources of relative systematic errors are less dependent upon frequency. We also provide the dependence of the so-called linewidth dip, in the middle of the observed frequency range, as a function of effective temperature. We show that the depth of the dip decreases with increasing effective temperature. The dependence of the dip on effective temperature may imply that the mixing length parameter $α$ or the convective flux may increase with effective temperature.
description: Accepted by A&A, 38 pages, 35 figures, 26 tables
Planet transit and stellar granulation detection with interferometry
Creators: name: Chiavassa, Andrea
name: Ligi, Roxanne
name: Magic, Zazralt
name: Collet, Remo
name: Asplund, Martin
name: Mourard, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We used realistic three-dimensional (3D) radiative hydrodynamical (RHD) simulations from the Stagger-grid and synthetic images computed with the radiative transfer code Optim3D to provide interferometric observables to extract the signature of stellar granulation and transiting planets. Methods. We computed intensity maps from RHD simulations for twelve interferometric instruments covering wavelengths ranging from optical to infrared. The stellar surface asymmetries in the brightness distribution mostly affect closure phases. We compared the closure phases of the system star with a transiting planet and the star alone and considered the impact of magnetic spots constructing a hypothetical starspots image. Results. All the simulations show departure from the axisymmetric case at all wavelengths. We presented two possible targets (Beta Com and Procyon) and found that departures up to 16 deg can be detected on the 3rd lobe and higher. In particular, MIRC is the most appropriate instrument because it combines good UV coverage and long baselines. Moreover, we explored the impact of convection on interferometric planet signature for three prototypes of planets. It is possible to disentangle the signature of the planet at particular wavelengths (either in the infrared or in the optical) by comparing the closure phases of the star at difference phases of the planetary transit. Conclusions. The detection and characterisation of planets must be based on a comprehensive knowledge of the host star; this includes the detailed study of the stellar surface convection with interferometric techniques. In this context, RHD simulations are crucial to reach this aim. We emphasize that interferometric observations should be pushed at high spatial frequencies by accumulating observations on closure phases at short and long baselines.
description: accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 13 pages. Some figures have reduced resolution to decrease the size of the output file. Please contact andrea.chiavassa@oca.eu to have the high resolution version of the paper
Light-Front Holography Model of the EMC Effect
Creators: name: Kim, Dmitriy N.
name: Miller, Gerald A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new two-component model of the EMC effect based on Light-Front Holographic QCD (LFHQCD) is presented. The model suggests the EMC effect is the result of the nuclear potential breaking SU(6) symmetry. The model separates the $F_2^A$ nuclear structure function into two parts: a free contribution, involving the addition of proton and neutron structure functions weighted by the number of protons and neutrons respectively, and a nuclear/medium modified contribution that involves a universal function for all nuceli. Further, the model displays a connection with the correlation between the size of the EMC effect and the SRC pair density, $a_2$ - extracted from kinematic plateaus at around $x$ > 1 in inclusive quasi-elastic (QE) scattering.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2008.06524
Chandra X-ray observation of the HII region Gum 31 in the Carina Nebula complex
Creators: name: Preibisch, T.
name: Mehlhorn, M.
name: Townsley, L.
name: Broos, P.
name: Ratzka, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We used the Chandra observatory to perform a deep (70 ksec) X-ray observation of the Gum 31 region and detected 679 X-ray point sources. This extends and complements the X-ray survey of the central Carina nebula regions performed in the Chandra Carina Complex Project. Using deep near-infrared images from our recent VISTA survey of the Carina nebula complex, our Spitzer point-source catalog, and optical archive data, we identify counterparts for 75% of these X-ray sources. Their spatial distribution shows two major concentrations, the central cluster NGC 3324 and a partly embedded cluster in the southern rim of the HII region, but majority of X-ray sources constitute a rather homogeneously distributed population of young stars. Our color-magnitude diagram analysis suggests ages of ~1-2 Myr for the two clusters, whereas the distributed population shows a wider age range up to ~10 Myr. We also identify previously unknown companions to two of the three O-type members of NGC 3324 and detect diffuse X-ray emission in the region. Our results suggests that the observed region contains about 4000 young stars in total. The distributed population is probably part of the widely distributed population of ~ 1-10 Myr old stars, that was identified in the CCCP area. This implies that the global stellar configuration of the Carina nebula complex is a very extended stellar association, in which the (optically prominent) clusters contain only a minority of the stellar population.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. A high quality preprint is available at http://www.usm.uni-muenchen.de/people/preibisch/publications.html
title: What Matters to Young Australians? Exploring Young People's Perspectives from 2010 -2018
Creators: name: Collin, Philippa
name: Hugman, Sky
Publisher: name: Whitlam Institute within Western Sydney University
Year: 2020

description: At a time where Australian democracy is under significant pressure, it is more important than ever to understand young people’s views on social and political issues – and consider what they mean for governance and public policy. Since 2004, the Whitlam Institute within Western Sydney University has run a writing competition for Australian students posing the question What Matters? Since it began, more than 30,000 entries have been received. The Whitlam Institute has commissioned the authors to analyse writing submitted between 2010 – 2018. The aim of this work is to understand what young people are concerned with, how they conceptualise different issues, if and how those issues and concerns are changing over time, and what they reveal about the contemporary politics of young people.
Information Evolution in Social Networks
Creators: name: Adamic, Lada A.
name: Lento, Thomas M.
name: Adar, Eytan
name: Ng, Pauline C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social networks readily transmit information, albeit with less than perfect fidelity. We present a large-scale measurement of this imperfect information copying mechanism by examining the dissemination and evolution of thousands of memes, collectively replicated hundreds of millions of times in the online social network Facebook. The information undergoes an evolutionary process that exhibits several regularities. A meme's mutation rate characterizes the population distribution of its variants, in accordance with the Yule process. Variants further apart in the diffusion cascade have greater edit distance, as would be expected in an iterative, imperfect replication process. Some text sequences can confer a replicative advantage; these sequences are abundant and transfer "laterally" between different memes. Subpopulations of the social network can preferentially transmit a specific variant of a meme if the variant matches their beliefs or culture. Understanding the mechanism driving change in diffusing information has important implications for how we interpret and harness the information that reaches us through our social networks.
Projection method and new formulation of leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Tinti, Leonardo
name: Florkowski, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The introduced earlier projection method for boost-invariant and cylindrically symmetric systems is used to introduce a new formulation of anisotropic hydrodynamics that allows for three substantially different values of pressure acting locally in three different directions. Our considerations are based on the Boltzmann kinetic equation with the collision term treated in the relaxation time approximation and the momentum anisotropy is included explicitly in the leading term of the distribution function. A novel feature of our work is the complete analysis of the second moment of the Boltzmann equation, in addition to the zeroth and first moments that have been analyzed in earlier studies. We define the final equations of anisotropic hydrodynamics in the leading order as a subset of the analyzed moment equations (and their linear combinations) which agree with the Israel-Stewart theory in the case of small pressure anisotropies.
More than just postponement: quantifying the contributions of education and unions to the fertility gap by simulating the reproductive life courses of Dutch women
Creators: name: Granholm, Rolf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Couples have fewer children than they intend to in Europe, resulting in a gap between intended family size and completed cohort fertility. This is largely because first-pregnancy attempts are postponed to older reproductive ages, due to expansion of higher education and less stable unions, among other things. Postponement of pregnancy to older reproductive ages makes successful pregnancy and birth more difficult due to age-related physiological constraints on fertility, but these constraints are rarely modelled. It is difficult to model how age, education, the timing of, and prevalence of union formation and -dissolution influence the fertility gap with statistical techniques commonly used in fertility research. We therefore constructed a microsimulation model with detailed information on union formation and the reproductive process to measure how much changes in education and union timing and -prevalence contribute to the fertility gap of Dutch women. Our model parameters were based on Generations and Gender Survey I and LISS panel data, complemented by other sources. We found that marriage, separation and re-partnering contributed more to the fertility gap than divorce, due to 70% of women marrying and late divorce. Contrary to expectations, even a substantial increase in the share of highly educated women barely increased the gap. Postponement of first cohabitation due to education was short enough for higher union stability to compensate for most of the difference in timing and prevalence of first cohabitation. The contribution to the gap increased with the length of postponement because of physiological constraints on fertility at higher reproductive ages.
O'ZBEKISTONDA SUG'URTA FAOLIYATINI BOSHQARISH ISTIQBOLLARI.
Creators: name: Kalandarova, Elnura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistonda sug'urta faoliyatini boshqarish istiqbollari  tadqiq etilgan.
Supplementary materials for paper - Elevated Soluble TNF-Receptor 1 in the Serum of Predementia Subjects with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Creators: name: Al, Salai Et
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Table S1: Summary of neuropsychological battery and component tests; Table S2: Association between serum sTNF-R1 tertiles and MTA at baselinee; Figure S1: Selection of study participants; Figure S2: Baseline global and specific cognitive domains z-scores of CIND subjects stratified by sTNF-R1 tertiles.
Multi-Robot Motion Planning for Unit Discs with Revolving Areas
Creators: name: Agarwal, Pankaj K.
name: Geft, Tzvika
name: Halperin, Dan
name: Taylor, Erin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of motion planning for a collection of $n$ labeled unit disc robots in a polygonal environment. We assume that the robots have revolving areas around their start and final positions: that each start and each final is contained in a radius $2$ disc lying in the free space, not necessarily concentric with the start or final position, which is free from other start or final positions. This assumption allows a weakly-monotone motion plan, in which robots move according to an ordering as follows: during the turn of a robot $R$ in the ordering, it moves fully from its start to final position, while other robots do not leave their revolving areas. As $R$ passes through a revolving area, a robot $R'$ that is inside this area may move within the revolving area to avoid a collision. Notwithstanding the existence of a motion plan, we show that minimizing the total traveled distance in this setting, specifically even when the motion plan is restricted to be weakly-monotone, is APX-hard, ruling out any polynomial-time $(1+ε)$-approximation algorithm. On the positive side, we present the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for computing a feasible weakly-monotone motion plan. The total distance traveled by the robots is within an $O(1)$ factor of that of the optimal motion plan, which need not be weakly monotone. Our algorithm extends to an online setting in which the polygonal environment is fixed but the initial and final positions of robots are specified in an online manner. Finally, we observe that the overhead in the overall cost that we add while editing the paths to avoid robot-robot collision can vary significantly depending on the ordering we chose. Finding the best ordering in this respect is known to be NP-hard, and we provide a polynomial time $O(\log n \log \log n)$-approximation algorithm for this problem.
Automated Coin Recognition System using ANN
Creators: name: Modi, Shatrughan
name: Bawa, Dr. Seema
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coins are integral part of our day to day life. We use coins everywhere like grocery store, banks, buses, trains etc. So it becomes a basic need that coins can be sorted and counted automatically. For this it is necessary that coins can be recognized automatically. In this paper we have developed an ANN (Artificial Neural Network) based Automated Coin Recognition System for the recognition of Indian Coins of denomination Rs. 1, 2, 5 and 10 with rotation invariance. We have taken images from both sides of coin. So this system is capable of recognizing coins from both sides. Features are extracted from images using techniques of Hough Transformation, Pattern Averaging etc. Then, the extracted features are passed as input to a trained Neural Network. 97.74% recognition rate has been achieved during the experiments i.e. only 2.26% miss recognition, which is quite encouraging.
description: 6 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, Published with International Journal of Computer Applications (IJCA)
Searching for non-diagonal Mass varying mechanism in the $ν_μ$-$ν_τ$ system
Creators: name: Gratieri, D. R.
name: Peres, O. L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use atmospheric neutrino data and MINOS data to constrain the MaVaN (Mass Varying Neutrinos) mechanism. The MaVaN model was largely studied in cosmology scenarios and comes from the coupling of the neutrinos with a neutral scalar depending on the local matter density. For atmospheric neutrinos, this new interaction affects the neutrino propagation inside the Earth, and as consequence, induces modifications in their oscillation pattern. To perform such test for a non-standard oscillation mechanism with a non-diagonal neutrino coupling in the mass basis, we analyze the angular distribution of atmospheric neutrino events as seen by the Super-Kamiokande experiment for the events in the Sub-GeV and multi-GeV range and muon neutrinos (anti-neutrinos) in MINOS experiment. From the combined analysis of these two sets of data we obtain the best fit for $Δm^{2}_{32}=2.45 \times 10^{-3}$ eV$^{2}$, $sin^{2}(θ_{23})=0.42 $ and MaVaN parameter $α_{32}=0.28$ with modest improvement, $Δχ^{2}= 1.8$, over the standard oscillation scenario. The combination of MINOS data and Super-Kamiokande data prefers small values of MaVaN parameter $α_{32} < 0.31 $ at $90 \%$ C. L..
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
Sketches of emergent geometry in the gauge/gravity duality
Creators: name: Berenstein, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper three notions of emergent geometry arising from the study of gauge/gravity duals are discussed. The unifying theme behind these notions of emergent geometry is that one can derive properties of the effective action of a probe or excitation around some configuration in gauge theory which can be argued to be localized at a particular position in the gravity dual, and match this description to various degrees of accuracy in the gravity dual. The three examples discussed are giant gravitons in $AdS_5\times S^5$, open strings stretching between these giants and the probe dynamics of a D0 brane in the presence of a thermal matrix configuration of the BFSS matrix model.
description: 16 pages, contribution to the Corfu 2013 Proceedings
Quintom fields from chiral anisotropic cosmology
Creators: name: Socorro, J.
name: Pérez-Payán, S.
name: Hernández-Jiménez, Rafael
name: Espinoza-García, Abraham
name: Díaz-Barrón, Luis Rey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present an analysis of a chiral anisotropic cosmological scenario from the perspective of quintom fields. In this setup quintessence and phantom fields interact in a non-standard (chiral) way within an anisotropic Bianchi type I background. We present our examination from two fronts: classical and quantum approaches. In the classical program we find analytical solutions given by a particular choice of the emerged relevant parameters. Remarkably, we present an explanation of the ''big-bang'' singularity by means of a ''big-bounce''. Moreover, isotropization is in fact reached as the time evolves. On the quantum counterpart the Wheeler-DeWitt equation is analytically solved for various instances given by the same parameter space from the classical study, and we also include the factor ordering $\rm Q$. Having solutions in this scheme we compute the probability density, which is in effect damped as the volume function and the scalar fields evolve; and it also tends towards a flat FLRW framework when the factor ordering constant $\rm Q \ll 0$. This result might indicate that for a fixed set of parameters, the anisotropies quantum-mechanically vanish for very small values of the parameter $\rm Q$. Finally, classical and quantum solutions reduce to their flat FLRW counterparts when the anisotropies vanish.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures ... Fix some minor typos ... Manuscript matches the one to appear in GRG Journal
Smallest complex nilpotent orbits with real points
Creators: name: Okuda, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 17B08, Secondary 17B20, 17B22

description: Let us fix a complex simple Lie algebra and its non-compact real form. This paper focuses on non-zero adjoint nilpotent orbits in the complex simple Lie algebra meeting the real form. We show that the poset consisting of such nilpotent orbits equipped with the closure ordering has the minimum. Furthermore, we determine such the minimum orbit in terms of the Dynkin--Kostant classification even in the cases where the orbit does not coincide with the minimal nilpotent orbit in the complex simple Lie algebra. We also prove that the intersection of the orbit and the real form is the union of all minimal nilpotent orbits in the real form.
description: 32 pages
supplementary materials from Beyond the exponential horn: a bush-cricket with ear-canals which function as coupled resonators
Creators: name: Celiker, Emine
name: Woodrow, Charlie
name: Rocha-Sánchez, Aurora Y.
name: Chivers, Benedict D.
name: Barrientos-Lozano, Ludivina
name: Montealegre-Z, Fernando
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional figures and text for demonstrating the results presented in the main manuscript in further detail.
Revealing Asymmetries in the HD 181327 Debris Disk: A Recent Massive Collision or ISM Warping
Creators: name: Stark, Christopher C.
name: Schneider, Glenn
name: Weinberger, Alycia J.
name: Debes, John H.
name: Grady, Carol A.
name: Jang-Condell, Hannah
name: Kuchner, Marc J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New multi-roll coronagraphic images of the HD 181327 debris disk obtained using the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on board the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) reveal the debris ring in its entirety at high S/N and unprecedented spatial resolution. We present and apply a new multi-roll image processing routine to identify and further remove quasi-static PSF-subtraction residuals and quantify systematic uncertainties. We also use a new iterative image deprojection technique to constrain the true disk geometry and aggressively remove any surface brightness asymmetries that can be explained without invoking dust density enhancements/deficits. The measured empirical scattering phase function for the disk is more forward scattering than previously thought and is not well-fit by a Henyey-Greenstein function. The empirical scattering phase function varies with stellocentric distance, consistent with the expected radiation pressured-induced size segregation exterior to the belt. Within the belt, the empirical scattering phase function contradicts unperturbed debris ring models, suggesting the presence of an unseen planet. The radial profile of the flux density is degenerate with a radially-varying scattering phase function; therefore estimates of the ring's true width and edge slope may be highly uncertain. We detect large scale asymmetries in the disk, consistent with either the recent catastrophic disruption of a body with mass >1% the mass of Pluto, or disk warping due to strong interactions with the interstellar medium (ISM).
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Classical limit of the Casimir interaction for thin films with applications to graphene
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir interaction between two thin material films, between a film and a thick plate and between two films deposited on substrates is considered at large separations (high temperatures) which correspond to the classical limit. It is shown that the free energy of the classical Casimir interaction between two insulating films with no free charge carriers and between an insulating film and a material plate depends on film thicknesses and decreases with separation more rapidly than the classical limit for two thick plates. The free energy of thin films characterized by the metallic-type dielectric permittivity decreases as the second power of separation, i.e., demonstrates the standard classical limit. The obtained results shed light on the possibility to describe dispersion interaction between two graphene sheets and between a graphene sheet and a material plate by modeling graphene as a thin film possessing some dielectric permittivity. It is argued that the most reliable results are obtained by describing the reflection properties on graphene by means of the polarization tensor in (2+1)-dimensional space-time.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure; to appear in Phys. Rev. B