Rhinolophus subrufus K. Andersen 1905
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus subrufus

description: 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus subrufus</i> French: Rhinolophe roussâtre / <b>German:</b> Kleine Rotbraune Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura <i>rufo pequeno</i> <b>Taxonomy.</b> <i>Rhinolophus subrufus</i> K. Andersen, 1905, “ Manila,” Luzon, Philippines. <i>Rhinolophus subrufus</i> is included in the <i> <i>euryotis</i> species group. Along with <i>R. inops,</i> it may be closely related to the <i>R. arcuatus</i> species complex, based on genetic data (the specimens used in recent genetic <i>analyses</i> were not differentiated from <i>R. inops).</i> Two subspecies recognized.</i> <b>Subspecies and</b> Distribution. <i>R. s. subrufus</i> K. Andersen, 1905 - Philippines (Luzon, Lubang, Mindoro, Catanduanes, Negros, Leyte, and Camiguin Is). <i>R. s. bunkeri</i> E.. H. Taylor, 1934 - Philippines (Mindanao I). Descriptive <b>notes.</b> <i>Head-body c</i>. 60-63 mm, tail 22-29 mm, ear 24-27 mm, hindfoot 12-13 mm, forearm 53-57 mm; weight 12-19 g. Pelage has slighdy <i>woolly</i> and crinkled appearance; dorsal pelage is usually reddish or cinnamon rufous, rarely dark brown without trace <i>of</i> red (hairs have an orange rufous base); ventral pelage is <i>similar</i> but slighdy more brownish. Ears are medium-sized. Noseleaf has <i>nearly</i> straight-sided <i>lancet</i> that tapers regularly toward tip and is densely covered in short hairs; connecting process is semicircular and is lined with longer hairs; sella is long and sides narrow <i>very</i> slighdy upward; horseshoe is relatively <i>wide</i> (11-8-13- 3 mm), covers muzzle, has shallow median emargination, and has lateral leaflets. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is large and heavily built (zygomatic breadth is always larger than mastoid width); zygomatic arch is robust and highly flared (<i>especially</i> in <i>bunkeri)</i>; anterior median and lateral nasal swellings are bulbous, whereas posterior swellings are less inflated; rostral profile is <i>distincdy</i> concave; sagittal crest is high to very high; frontal depression is distinct and often quite deep <i>{subrufus)</i> or shallow <i>{bunkeri)',</i> supraorbital crests are well developed. P2 is small but within tooth row; P3 is small to medium-sized and extruded from tooth row; P2 and P4 are in contact or sometimes slighdy separated. <b>Habitat.</b> <i>Generally</i> associated with lowland tropical forests, and can be locally common in karst areas. Recorded at elevations from sea level up to 1000 m. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. Breeding. Females give birth to a single young. <b>Activity</b> patterns. The Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat appears to roost in caves. A call frequency of 51 kHz has been recorded from this species. <b>Movements, Home range and Social</b> organization. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bats have often been recorded together with Large-eared Horseshoe Bats <i>{philippinensis)</i> and Large Rufous Horseshoe Bats <i>{rufus).</i> Status <b>and Conservation.</b> Classified as Data Deficient on 77zr&gt; <i>IUCN ed List.</i> The Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat is infrequendy encountered but appears to be locally common in karst areas. <i>Very</i> litde is <i>currendy</i> known regarding the ecology of this species and the threats it faces; further studies are needed. It is probably threatened by the intensive mining and unregulated tourism that occurs in the karst regions of the Philippines. <b>Bibliography.</b> Cabauatan et al. (2014), Csorba et al. (2003), <i>Heaney</i>, Balete, <i>Dolar</i> et al. (1998), Heaney, Balete &amp; Rickart (2016), Ong <i>et</i> al. (2016).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on page 320, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525