cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Toward Appearance-based Autonomous Landing Site Identification for Multirotor Drones in Unstructured Environments
Creators: name: Springer, Joshua
name: Guðmundsson, Gylfi Þór
name: Kyas, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A remaining challenge in multirotor drone flight is the autonomous identification of viable landing sites in unstructured environments. One approach to solve this problem is to create lightweight, appearance-based terrain classifiers that can segment a drone's RGB images into safe and unsafe regions. However, such classifiers require data sets of images and masks that can be prohibitively expensive to create. We propose a pipeline to automatically generate synthetic data sets to train these classifiers, leveraging modern drones' ability to survey terrain automatically and the ability to automatically calculate landing safety masks from terrain models derived from such surveys. We then train a U-Net on the synthetic data set, test it on real-world data for validation, and demonstrate it on our drone platform in real-time.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Richard von Krafft-Ebing's views on the etiology of major psychiatric illness
Creators: name: Engstrom, Eric J.
name: Kendler, Kenneth S
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 19th century
subject: psychiatric diagnosis
subject: theories of etiology
subject: 940 Geschichte Europas

description: This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
description: While best known in the anglophonic world for his work on sexual deviations and his advocacy for degeneration theory, Richard Krafft-Ebing (RKE) (1840–1902) was a major figure in late-19th century European psychiatry and author of the most widely read German psychiatric textbook of that era. With the goal of (re-)introducing his work to an anglophonic audience, we review and provide an historical context for RKE's etiologic theory of major psychiatric illness. RKE saw psychiatric disorders as multifactorial, arising from two sets of etiologic factors: predisposing and exciting. Exciting causes were either psychological or physical, while predisposing causes were either general (e.g. sex, occupation, age) or individual-specific. Three major individual-specific risk factors were of particular importance: heredity, personality and education/rearing. Hereditary factors were typically the most important but were usually non-specific in their effect with the forms of psychiatric illness often differing in close relatives. He emphasized the importance of the ‘neuropathic personality,’ which rendered affected individuals sensitive to the pathogenic effects of various exciting influences. Poor rearing could also substantially increase risk for major mental illness. RKE saw the influences of hereditary and rearing factors on psychiatric illness as often mediated through a neuropathic personality. While RKE believed in degeneration theory and emphasized the potential etiologic importance of masturbation in psychiatric illness, his clinical writings were otherwise characterized by a broad-minded and sensible approach that lacked the narrowness of the strongly brain-based or psychoanalytic psychiatric schools which were very influential during and shortly after his life.
The Complexity of Satisfiability for Fragments of Hybrid Logic -- Part I
Creators: name: Meier, Arne
name: Mundhenk, Martin
name: Schneider, Thomas
name: Thomas, Michael
name: Weber, Volker
name: Weiss, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1

description: The satisfiability problem of hybrid logics with the downarrow binder is known to be undecidable. This initiated a research program on decidable and tractable fragments. In this paper, we investigate the effect of restricting the propositional part of the language on decidability and on the complexity of the satisfiability problem over arbitrary, transitive, total frames, and frames based on equivalence relations. We also consider different sets of modal and hybrid operators. We trace the border of decidability and give the precise complexity of most fragments, in particular for all fragments including negation. For the monotone fragments, we are able to distinguish the easy from the hard cases, depending on the allowed set of operators.
Effect of Participative Leadership Style on Employee’s Productivity
Creators: name: Akpoviroro, Kowo Solomon
name: Kadiri, Bola
name: Owotutu, Sabitu Olalekan
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: This study was conducted based on the effect of participative leadership style on employee’s productivity using Midland Galvanizing Product Limited (MIDGAL) Abeokuta, Ogun State Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to examine the significant relationship between Participative leadership Style and Employees Motivation and also to investigate the effect of Participative leadership Style on Employees Productivity. The study made use of two hypotheses. Survey research design was employed for the study. The sample for the study comprised 114 staff of MIDGAL. The instrument titled “Participative Leadership Inventory (PLI)” was used for the study. Regression analysis was used to measure the effect of the independent variable to the dependent variable of hypothesis one, while in hypothesis two Correlation analysis was used to measure the significance of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Cronbach’s Alpha method was employed for measuring questionnaire reliability. SPSS was also adopted for the research in testing the research hypothesis. The result of the findings shows that there is positive and significant relationship between participating leadership style and employee’s productivity. Also, the result shows that participatory leadership style can be used as a motivational tool for workers. Based on the results of the study, the study recommended that every organization should adopt participatory leadership style as it boost employee morale and enhance organizational productivity. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Participative leadership, motivation, leadership style. Organizational Performance
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
The Large APEX Bolometer Camera LABOCA
Creators: name: Siringo, G.
name: Kreysa, E.
name: Kovacs, A.
name: Schuller, F.
name: Weiss, A.
name: Esch, W.
name: Gemuend, H. P.
name: Jethava, N.
name: Lundershausen, G.
name: Colin, A.
name: Guesten, R.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Beelen, A.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Beeman, J. W.
name: Haller, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large APEX Bolometer Camera, LABOCA, has been commissioned for operation as a new facility instrument t the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12m submillimeter telescope. This new 295-bolometer total power camera, operating in the 870 micron atmospheric window, combined with the high efficiency of APEX and the excellent atmospheric transmission at the site, offers unprecedented capability in mapping submillimeter continuum emission for a wide range of astronomical purposes.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 18 pages, 18 figures
Global Start-Ups and Born Global Spin-Offs: A Multiple Case Study
Creators: name: Masili, Giorgia
name: Curina, Ilaria
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: The paper aims to identify and analyze the major critical success factors at the base of the rapid internationalization of three different types of Born Global (BG) firms, namely start-up, academic spin-off and company spin-off. Based on a case study analysis, the findings show that the entrepreneurs’ dynamic capabilities, their passion and propensity to take risks, previous international experiences, language skills, the presence of an experienced staff, the ability to nurture relationships and networks based on mutual trust and on the transfer of know-how represent the major key factors for internationalization. This study intends to strengthen the literature focused on the BG phenomenon. However, the empirical analysis was conducted on an exiguous number of enterprises, operating in the high-tech sectors and founded few years ago. In order to obtain more generalizable results, future research should also focus on companies active in the low-tech sectors and founded in less recent years. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Born global; Global Start-up; Born Global Academic spin-off; Born Global Entrepreneurial Spin-off; non-linear internationalization process; multiple case study
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Spectral Analysis of Quantum Field Fluctuations in a Strongly Coupled Optomechanical System
Creators: name: Ranfagni, A.
name: Marino, F.
name: Marin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a levitodynamics experiment in the strong and coherent quantum optomechanical coupling regime, we demonstrate that the oscillator acts as a broadband quantum spectrum analyzer. The asymmetry between positive and negative frequency branches in the displacement spectrum traces out the spectral features of the quantum fluctuations in the cavity field, which are thus explored over a wide spectral range. Moreover, in our two-dimensional mechanical system the quantum back-action, generated by such vacuum fluctuations, is strongly suppressed in a narrow spectral region due to a destructive interference in the overall susceptibility.
Order-N implementation of exact exchange in extended systems
Creators: name: Wu, Xifan
name: Selloni, Annabella
name: Car, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact (Hartree Fock) exchange is needed to overcome some of the limitations of local and semilocal approximations of density functional theory (DFT). So far, however, computational cost has limited the use of exact exchange in plane wave calculations for extended systems. We show that this difficulty can be overcome by performing a unitary transformation from Bloch to Maximally Localized Wannier functions in combination with an efficient technique to compute real space Coulomb integrals. The resulting scheme scales linearly with system size. We validate the scheme with representative applications.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
Entropy production of resetting processes
Creators: name: Mori, Francesco
name: Olsen, Kristian Stølevik
name: Krishnamurthy, Supriya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic systems that undergo random restarts to their initial state have been widely investigated in recent years, both theoretically and in experiments. Oftentimes, however, resetting to a fixed state is impossible due to thermal noise or other limitations. As a result, the system configuration after a resetting event is random. Here, we consider such a resetting protocol for an overdamped Brownian particle in a confining potential $V(x)$. We assume that the position of the particle is reset at a constant rate to a random location $x$, drawn from a distribution $p_R(x)$. To investigate the thermodynamic cost of resetting, we study the stochastic entropy production $S_{\rm Total}$. We derive a general expression for the average entropy production for any $V(x)$, and the full distribution $P(S_{\rm Total}|t)$ of the entropy production for $V(x)=0$. At late times, we show that this distribution assumes the large-deviation form $P(S_{\rm Total}|t)\sim \exp\left[-t^{2α-1}ϕ\left(\left(S_{\rm Total}-\langle S_{\rm Total}\rangle\right)/t^α\right)\right]$, with $1/2<α\leq 1$. We compute the rate function $ϕ(z)$ and the exponent $α$ for exponential and Gaussian resetting distributions. In the latter case, we find the anomalous exponent $α=2/3$ and show that $ϕ(z)$ has a first-order singularity at a critical value of $z$, corresponding to a real-space condensation transition.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
Content Marketing Tools and Metrics in Consulting Firms: Preliminary Results
Creators: name: Gabbianelli, Linda
name: Conti, Emanuela
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: The aim of this work is to identify the goals, tools, strategies, and metrics of Content Marketing (CM) used by European consulting firms to create value for the customer. The study adopts a quantitative methodology, in particular an online survey. A sample of 55 respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics. CM is an activity used by 71% of the sample and is considered useful by 85% of respondents. The goals pursued with CM are mainly brand awareness and customer acquisition. The main platforms used for CM are LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter. The tools most often adopted to achieve CM goals are website articles, social media content, and newsletters. The most used metrics are publishing and sharing. The small sample reduces the possibility to generalize the results. The results give some managerial implications such as: invest more in CM; use CM for maintaining contacts and increasing sales and use platforms like Instagram and YouTube; CM strategy planning. The study suggests a new CM definition which includes specific targets, the growing importance of digital tools and planned and systemic approach. This work is original as it is the first application of CM to consulting firms and contributes to the definition of CM. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Content marketing (CM); Value creation; CM instruments; Performance measurements; Consulting firms
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Radiative corrections to inverse muon decay for accelerator neutrinos
Creators: name: Tomalak, Oleksandr
name: Borah, Kaushik
name: Hill, Richard J.
name: McFarland, Kevin S.
name: Ruterbories, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inverse muon decay ($ν_μe^- \to ν_e μ^-$) is a promising tool to constrain neutrino fluxes with energies $E_ν \ge 10.9~\mathrm{GeV}$. Radiative corrections introduce percent-level distortions to energy spectra of outgoing muons and depend on experimental details. In this paper, we calculate radiative corrections to the scattering processes $ν_μe^- \to ν_e μ^-$ and $\barν_e e^- \to \barν_μμ^-$. We present the muon energy spectrum for both channels, double-differential distributions in muon energy and muon scattering angle and in photon energy and photon scattering angle, and the photon energy spectrum for the dominant $ν_μe^- \to ν_e μ^-$ process. Our results clarify and extend the region of applicability of previous results in the literature for the double differential distribution in muon energy and photon energy, and in the muon energy spectrum with a radiated photon above a threshold energy. We provide analytic expressions for single, double and triple differential cross sections, and discuss how radiative corrections modify experimentally interesting observable distributions.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, version published in Physics Review D
Promotion Tools Applied by Polish INVs on Foreign Markets
Creators: name: Danik, Lidia
name: Kowalska, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: Marketing capabilities are argued to be one of the critical capabilities of International New Ventures (INVs) facilitating their early internationalization. Although companies from post-transformation Central and Eastern Europe Countries are active and successful participants of the global market, their marketing capabilities were not subject to the complex studies yet. This paper addresses this research gap and aims to identify the types and importance of the promotion tools applied by INVs from this region. It presents the results of the multi-mode method (CATI combined with CAWI) study of 297 Polish small and medium INVs. It shows, that they rather do not apply a very diversified set of promotional tools. The most common tools applied by them on the foreign markets are trade fairs and exhibitions, internet advertising, PR, personal sales and Internet tools other than Internet advertising, with the most importance given to PR. The most differentiated set of promotion tools is applied by companies operating both on the B2B and B2C market. Classification-JEL: Keywords: INVs; Promotion tools; Marketing capabilities; Central and Eastern Europe Countries; B2B; B2C
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
International New Ventures Learning Processes and Their Role in International Marketing
Creators: name: Kowalik, Izabela
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: Learning processes of the small and medium sized enterprises (SME) are of special importance for their internationalization, as they may lead to gaining the Learning Advantage of Newness. The current literature suggests that the dynamic capabilities concept may help in understanding how the learning processes lead to the development of marketing capabilities necessary for foreign expansion of SMEs. This study aims at identifying the learning processes of International New Ventures (INVs) and analysing their role in international marketing. The results of individual interviews with four Polish INV’s founders and managers are presented. The studied companies are similar to the foreign ones with respect to the information gathering sources and processes. When looking for market opportunities they often rely on informal sources of intelligence and „congenital” knowledge of the founders. These sources substitute for firm-level international experience at early stages of international development. At the later stages of expansion they are supplemented with more external knowledge and sometimes also “grafting”, or purchasing expert knowledge. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Enterprise learning processes; International New Ventures; International marketing
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
AIONER: All-in-one scheme-based biomedical named entity recognition using deep learning
Creators: name: Luo, Ling
name: Wei, Chih-Hsuan
name: Lai, Po-Ting
name: Leaman, Robert
name: Chen, Qingyu
name: Lu, Zhiyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) seeks to automatically recognize biomedical entities in natural language text, serving as a necessary foundation for downstream text mining tasks and applications such as information extraction and question answering. Manually labeling training data for the BioNER task is costly, however, due to the significant domain expertise required for accurate annotation. The resulting data scarcity causes current BioNER approaches to be prone to overfitting, to suffer from limited generalizability, and to address a single entity type at a time (e.g., gene or disease). We therefore propose a novel all-in-one (AIO) scheme that uses external data from existing annotated resources to enhance the accuracy and stability of BioNER models. We further present AIONER, a general-purpose BioNER tool based on cutting-edge deep learning and our AIO schema. We evaluate AIONER on 14 BioNER benchmark tasks and show that AIONER is effective, robust, and compares favorably to other state-of-the-art approaches such as multi-task learning. We further demonstrate the practical utility of AIONER in three independent tasks to recognize entity types not previously seen in training data, as well as the advantages of AIONER over existing methods for processing biomedical text at a large scale (e.g., the entire PubMed data).
description: Accepted by Bioinformatics
Advantages and limitations of channel multiplexing for discrete-variable quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Maiti, Indranil
name: Lasota, Mikołaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typically practical realizations of discrete-variable quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, based on exchanging single-photon signals between the trusted parties, can provide its users with only very low key generation rates. One of the potential solutions for this problem, that can be adapted for the case of entanglement-based QKD schemes using broadband photon-pair sources, is to utilize wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) modules in order to split the photons with different wavelengths to separate detection channels and generate multiple keys in parallel. Here, we theoretically investigate this idea in the case of pulsed laser used to pump spontaneous parametric down-conversion source. We optimize the effective phase-matching function width of the nonlinear crystal, and the intensity and duration of the pump laser pulses in order to maximize the advantage of the overall key generation rate provided by the WDM-based QKD scheme over the traditional no-WDM scenario. The results of our analysis show that the considered method can significantly accelerate the production of cryptographic keys, but proper optimization of the photon-pair source is needed to exploit its full potential.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures
Evaluation of Explanation Methods of AI -- CNNs in Image Classification Tasks with Reference-based and No-reference Metrics
Creators: name: Zhukov, A.
name: Benois-Pineau, J.
name: Giot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.7

description: The most popular methods in AI-machine learning paradigm are mainly black boxes. This is why explanation of AI decisions is of emergency. Although dedicated explanation tools have been massively developed, the evaluation of their quality remains an open research question. In this paper, we generalize the methodologies of evaluation of post-hoc explainers of CNNs' decisions in visual classification tasks with reference and no-reference based metrics. We apply them on our previously developed explainers (FEM, MLFEM), and popular Grad-CAM. The reference-based metrics are Pearson correlation coefficient and Similarity computed between the explanation map and its ground truth represented by a Gaze Fixation Density Map obtained with a psycho-visual experiment. As a no-reference metric, we use stability metric, proposed by Alvarez-Melis and Jaakkola. We study its behaviour, consensus with reference-based metrics and show that in case of several kinds of degradation on input images, this metric is in agreement with reference-based ones. Therefore, it can be used for evaluation of the quality of explainers when the ground truth is not available.
description: Due to a bug found in the code, all tables and figures were redone. The new results did not change the main conclusion, except for the best explainer. FEM has performed better than MLFEM; 25 pages, 16 tables, 16 figures; Submitted to "Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning" (ISSN: 2582-9793)
Electronic Trade in the World Trade Organization - Difficulties in Negotiating an Agreement?
Creators: name: Dugiel, Wanda
name: Latoszek, Ewa
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: The aim of the study is to present the premises that make it difficult to reach a multilateral agreement on electronic commerce in the World Trade Organization. Electronic commerce at the end of the second decade of the 21st century is an inseparable element of international trade, as a result of the digital revolution leading to lower costs when companies enter the global market. They often take into account the digital revolution of the state when creating new business models, especially in China, which has obtained the world's leading position in the field of digital services export. Increasing competition in the field of digital services, in the absence of regulations on electronic commerce in the WTO, will increase the interest of developed countries, including Australia, the United States, the European Union, Japan, African countries to solve the subject of e-commerce in regional integration agreements. The problems with reaching an agreement on electronic commerce in the WTO result not only from the specificity of trade in electronic form but from the general strategy of trade liberalization in other sectors. Classification-JEL: Keywords: International trade; electronic trade; e-commerce; World Trade Organization; digital economy
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
On the Non-relativistic Origin of Red-skewed Iron Lines in CV, Neutron Star and Black Hole Sources
Creators: name: Titarchuk, Lev
name: Laurent, Philippe
name: Shaposhnikov, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the analysis of the iron K_alpha lines detected in three sources representing of three types of accreting compact sources: cataclysmic variable (CV) GK Per, neutron star (NS) Serpens X-1 and black hole (BH) GX 339-4. We find, using data from Epic-PN Camera on-board XMM-Newton observatory,that the iron K_alpha emission line in GK Per has a noticeable red-skewed profile. We compare the GK Per asymmetric line with the red-skewed lines observed by XMM-Newton in Serpens X-1 and GX 339-4. The observation of the K_alpha emission with red-skewed features in CV GK Per cannot be related to the redshift effects of General Relativity (GR). Therefore, if the mechanism of the K_alpha-line formation is the same in CVs, NSs and BHs then it is evident that the GR effects would be ruled out as a cause of red skewness of K_alpha line. The line reprocessing in an outflowing wind has been recently suggested an alternative model for a broad red-shifted iron line formation. In the framework of the outflow scenario the red-skewed iron line is formed in the strong extended wind due to its illumination by the radiation emanating from the innermost part of the accreting material. In this Paper we demonstrate that the asymmetric shapes of the lines detected from these CV, NS and BH sources are well described with the wind (outflow) model. While this fact is hard to reconcile with the relativistic models, it is consistent with the outflowing gas washing out high frequency modulations of the radiation presumably originated in the innermost part of the source.
description: 24 pages, 4 Tables, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Advanced AI-powered comprehensive framework for modelling, analysis, assessment, and performance-based design of ultra-high-performance concrete elements
Creators: name: Wakjira, Tadesse Gemeda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: This doctoral dissertation presents a novel framework for sustainable design, structural modelling, and performance-based design of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) utilizing state-of-the-art artificial intelligence techniques. Initially, a novel framework for strength prediction and multi-objective optimization (MOO) of UHPC mixture was introduced using advanced machine learning (ML) and MOO algorithms. A total of 19 objective functions are considered, including cost, uniaxial compressive strength, and 17 environmental impact metrics that comprehensively evaluate the environmental sustainability of the UHPC mixture. Addressing the need for an accurate stress-strain constitutive model of confined UHPC, this dissertation introduces a hybrid ML model, augmented by a state-of-the-art conditional tabular generative adversarial network and Optuna to accurately predict the peak and ultimate stress-strain responses of UHPC confined with normal strength steel (NSS) or high-strength steel (HSS) reinforcement. Furthermore, hybrid ML-based predictive models for a complete stress-strain response curve of UHPC confined with NSS or HSS spirals are proposed. Besides, analytical equations are developed to predict the peak and ultimate stress-strain responses of confined UHPC. Utilizing these models and the uncertainties of the optimized UHPC along with other sources of uncertainties, drift capacity limit states are proposed for UHPC columns based on explainable ML models across four different damage states. The efficacy of the developed model is assessed using a range of statistical metrics, including the composite fitness score, which demonstrated a high predictive accuracy of the drift limit states. Moreover, the application of the proposed drift limit states in the performance-based design of UHPC columns is investigated. Lastly, the dissertation introduces a multivariate seismic fragility assessment approach for UHPC bridges using a hybrid ML model.
Folks in Folksonomies: Social Link Prediction from Shared Metadata
Creators: name: Schifanella, Rossano
name: Barrat, Alain
name: Cattuto, Ciro
name: Markines, Benjamin
name: Menczer, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Web 2.0 applications have attracted a considerable amount of attention because their open-ended nature allows users to create light-weight semantic scaffolding to organize and share content. To date, the interplay of the social and semantic components of social media has been only partially explored. Here we focus on Flickr and Last.fm, two social media systems in which we can relate the tagging activity of the users with an explicit representation of their social network. We show that a substantial level of local lexical and topical alignment is observable among users who lie close to each other in the social network. We introduce a null model that preserves user activity while removing local correlations, allowing us to disentangle the actual local alignment between users from statistical effects due to the assortative mixing of user activity and centrality in the social network. This analysis suggests that users with similar topical interests are more likely to be friends, and therefore semantic similarity measures among users based solely on their annotation metadata should be predictive of social links. We test this hypothesis on the Last.fm data set, confirming that the social network constructed from semantic similarity captures actual friendship more accurately than Last.fm's suggestions based on listening patterns.
description: http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1718487.1718521
Thesis Defense Presentation. Poster. Master in Biophysics. School of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, UAM. July 2009. Stochasticity in human reaction times.
Creators: name: Ruiz-Marquez, Eloisa
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2023
Subjects: LATER model
biophysics
cognitive sciences
ex-normal distribution
human reaction times
neurophysiology
neuroscience
process of information
psychology
psychophysics

description: Human reaction times have been studied in psychophysics and psychology from the beginning of experimental cognitive sciences. In this study conducted with humans, we wanted to replicate the results previously registered by R. Carpenter through the LATER model (Linear Approach to Threshold with Ergodic Rate). Carpenter collected saccadic eye movements, and we tried to explore and compare the results with a simple motor choice task, to assess whether there was a replication of results. In our pilot study, we found that reaction times adjust better to an ex-normal distribution, and there were two differentiated processes. One of them was related with the neuroanatomy and physiology of the motor response, but the other one was not possible to evaluate, and seemed to be related with a psychological process or process of information.
Differentially private neural tangent kernels for privacy-preserving data generation and distillation
Creators: name: Yang, Yilin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: With the increasing interest in Deep Learning, data safety issues have become more prevalent as we rely more on Artificial Intelligence. Adversaries can easily obtain sensitive information through various attacks, this dramatically discourages patients and clients from contributing invaluable data that may be beneficial to research. This problem facilitates the need for a gold standard privacy notion. In recent years, Differential Privacy (DP) has been recognized as a gold standard notion of privacy. Among the current popular DP methods, Maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) is a particularly useful distance metric for differentially private data generation. When used with finite-dimensional features it allows us to summarize and privatize the data distribution once, which we can repeatedly use during generator training without further privacy loss. An important question in this framework is, then, what features are useful to distinguish between real and synthetic data distributions, and whether those enable us to generate quality synthetic data. This work considers using the features of neural tangent kernels (NTKs), more precisely empirical NTKs (e-NTKs). We find that, perhaps surprisingly, the expressiveness of the untrained e-NTK features is comparable to that of the features taken from pre-trained perceptual features using public data. As a result, our method improves the privacy-accuracy trade-off compared to other state-of-the-art methods, without relying on any public data, as demonstrated on several tabular and image benchmark datasets. In addition, we also extend NTK to Data Distillation (DD) in federated learning (FL) settings, where we aim to condense sensitive information into a small set of images for deep learning training in a DP manner, we show that our method obtains meaningful results even under class imbalance and spuriously correlated image datasets.
NW-FVA Waldschutzinfo 2024-04
Creators: name: Langer, Gitta
name: Bußkamp, Johanna
name: Rohde, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Waldschutzinformation 2024-04 der Nordwestdeutschen Forstlichen Versuchsanstalt zum Thema Beteiligung von Bakterien beim Eichensterben (Akute Oak Decline, AOD)
Non-Hermitian Photonic Lattices: tutorial
Creators: name: Wang, Qiang
name: Chong, Y. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian photonic lattices combine the peculiar consequences of energy non-conservation with the physics of bandstructures, giving rise to a variety of exotic properties not found in conventional materials or photonic metamaterials. In this tutorial, we introduce the key concepts in the design and implementation of non-Hermitian photonic lattices, including the general features of non-Hermitian lattice Hamiltonians and their bandstructures, the role of non-Hermitian lattice symmetries, and the topological chracterization of non-Hermitian bandstructures. We survey several important non-Hermitian lattice designs, as well as the photonic platforms on which they can be realized. Finally, we discuss the possibilities for future developments in the field.
Unitarity constraints on charged pion photoproduction at large p_perp
Creators: name: Laget, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Around $θ_π= 90^\circ$, the coupling to the $ρ^\circ N$ channel leads to a good accounting of the charged pion exclusive photoproduction cross section in the energy range 3 $
description: 5 pages; 6 figures
Main Directions of Development in the Defence Industry Sector in the Aspect of Globalization
Creators: name: Maculewicz, Łukasz
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2018

description: The defence industry is one of the demanding elements of the economy. The European defence market brings together many entities operating in various economic forms. Each of these entities operates under conditions of strong competition requiring large capital expenditures. The main directions observed is the integration of member states in the field of security and defence and the concentration of defence industry, which main objective is to strengthen the European industrial and technological base, international approach to program implementation research and production, and above all, avoiding the multiplication of identical research programs and technological competence as well as seeking opportunities to reduce production costs. Due to the high costs of developing new military technologies, the vanishing of the defense sector's territorial division and the merging of US, European and others of the world cannot is highly probable. At the beginning, probably in individual projects, as technology develops, consolidation can be permanent. Classification-JEL: Keywords: Defence industry; Collaboration; Globalization; Defence and security; International Projects.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 8, No 1 (2018): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Discrete Matter, Far Fields, and Dark Matter
Creators: name: Carati, A.
name: Cacciatori, S. L.
name: Galgani, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in cosmology the gravitational action of the far away matter has quite relevant effects, if retardation of the forces and discreteness of matter (with its spatial correlation) are taken into account. The expansion rate is found to be determined by the density of the far away matter, i.e., by the density of matter at remote times. This leads to the introduction of an effective density, which has to be five times larger than the present one, if the present expansion rate is to be accounted for. The force per unit mass on a test particle is found to be of the order of 0.2cH_0. The corresponding contribution to the virial of the forces for a cluster of galaxies is also discussed, and it is shown that it fits the observations if a decorrelation property of the forces at two separated points is assumed. So it appears that the gravitational effects of the far away matter may have the same order of magnitude as the corresponding local effects of dark matter.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure. LaTex document
Fractional Fokker-Planck equation for Lévy flights in nonhomogeneous environments
Creators: name: Srokowski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fractional Fokker-Planck equation, which contains a variable diffusion coefficient, is discussed and solved. It corresponds to the Lévy flights in a nonhomogeneous medium. For the case with the linear drift, the solution is stationary in the long-time limit and it represents the Lévy process with a simple scaling. The solution for the drift term in the form $λ\hbox{sgn}(x)$ possesses two different scales which correspond to the Lévy indexes $μ$ and $μ+1$ $(μ<1)$. The former component of the solution prevails at large distances but it diminishes with time for a given $x$. The fractional moments, as a function of time, are calculated. They rise with time and the rate of this growth increases with $λ$.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Eigenvalue analysis of stress-strain curve of two-dimensional amorphous solids of dispersed frictional grains with finite shear strain
Creators: name: Ishima, Daisuke
name: Saitoh, Kuniyasu
name: Otsuki, Michio
name: Hayakawa, Hisao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stress-strain curve of two-dimensional frictional dispersed grains interacting with a harmonic potential without considering the dynamical slip under a finite strain is determined by using eigenvalue analysis of the Hessian matrix. After the configuration of grains is obtained, the stress-strain curve based on the eigenvalue analysis is in almost perfect agreement with that obtained by the simulation, even if there are plastic deformations caused by stress avalanches. Unlike the naive expectation, the eigenvalues in our model do not indicate any precursors to the stress-drop events.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.06632
“Equal or Nothing”: Concern for Fairness and Reciprocity in Trust Game
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Chiradip
name: Johnson, Christopher K.
name: Sams, Arthur B. E.
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2019

description: We present the results of a contingent trust game experiment measuring the impact of a ‘Fair’ allocation by the proposer on the reciprocal reaction of the responder. We used an online questionnaire to ask participants how they would respond to each possible transfer made by the proposer in a standard trust game. Existing research suggests that there is a ‘norm of reciprocity’ dictating that one repays (in kind) for the provision made by another. We have confirmed that the traditional relation between trust and reciprocity exists, and that there is a positive and significant relation between the amount transferred by the proposer and the return made by the responder. More significantly, our results suggest that in response to unequal (unfair) allocations by the proposer, responders on average return more proportionally. We believe this is the evidence of negative reciprocity, where responders return proportionately more to humiliate and/or to refuse any bond of alliance with the proposer. We also find that responders who are not economically dependent on their parents, return more than others. Psychological characteristics were also tested and interestingly a respondent who ‘cries’ when their feelings get hurt return significantly more than others. Key words: Trust; Trust Game; Reciprocity; Fairness.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 9, No 1 (2019): International Journal of Economic Behavior
Multidimensional and Interdisciplinary Approach for Behavioral Economics
Creators: name: Musso, Fabio
Publisher: name: International Journal of Economic Behavior
Year: 2019

description: Understanding the human mind is an issue still characterized by great complexity, despite the fact that over the years the field of neurosciences has made great advances and technology allowed a greater ability to explore the cognitive processes of the human being. In economics, it is important to consider how people’s mind regulates and classifies information for making decisions and the impact that their coding has on emotional reactions, feelings and choices. Since the nineties, behavioral economics has taken on an increasingly important role, especially thanks to the contribution of psychologists Kahneman and Tversky, authors of the first model aimed at formalizing cognitive decision-making mechanisms in uncertain situations. This current of thought is opposed to the principles proposed by the classical economics, based on the hypothesis of rationality of decision makers, able through their choices to maximize the benefits of organizations. On the other side, a cognitive approach to the choices of economic agents considers the influence that a series of cognitive bias have on decision-making processes, which often lead to suboptimal results. The models developed within the behavioral economics do not have as their ultimate goal to replace traditional economic models, but to contribute in providing an explanation of human behavior within the economic sphere that classical principles only partially recognize. Introducing a cognitive approach allows to understand more in depth both human nature and the limits of classical models. The economic perspective assumes that decision-makers are rational and consistent with the objective of maximizing a subjectively expected utility; the behavioral perspective adds more realistic parameters related to the influence of social norms, emotions, environmental factors, taking into account that humans' powers of computation and cogitation are limited, and people are not consistent. Of course, when interpreting economic phenomena, the assumption of purely rational and coherent behavior is unlikely to be realistic. To understand the economic behavior, a multidimensional, interdisciplinary approach becomes necessary, the distance between different research communities must be reduced and opportunities from the integration of research methodologies must be pursued. Sociology, political sciences, psychology, neurosciences, biology, anthropology, can contribute in completing the analytical perspectives that are needed for the exploration of the human behavior in the economic field.
description: International Journal of Economic Behavior, Vol 9, No 1 (2019): International Journal of Economic Behavior
On the Spectral Shape of the Structural Relaxation in Deeply Supercooled Liquids
Creators: name: Böhmer, Till
name: Pabst, Florian
name: Gabriel, Jan
name: Zeißler, Rolf
name: Blochowicz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural relaxation in deeply supercooled liquids is non-exponential. In susceptibility representation, $χ^{\prime\prime}(ν)$, the spectral shape of the structural relaxation is observed as an asymmetrically broadened peak with a $ν^{1}$ low- and $ν^{-β}$ high-frequency behavior. In this perspective article we discuss common notions, recent results and open questions regarding the spectral shape of the structural relaxation. In particular, we focus on the observation that a high-frequency behavior of $ν^{-1/2}$ appears to be a generic feature in a broad range of different deeply supercooled liquids. Moreover, we review extensive evidence that contributions from orientational cross-correlations can lead to deviations from the generic spectral shape in certain substances, in particular in dielectric loss spectra. Additionally, intramolecular dynamics can contribute significantly to the spectral shape in substances containing more complex and flexible molecules. Finally, we discuss the open questions regarding potential physical origins of the generic $ν^{-1/2}$ behavior and the evolution of the spectral shape towards higher temperatures.