cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ergebnisse zur DKDMitgliederbefragung 2017/2018 : Expertenbericht DKD-E 0-1
Creators: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig
Publisher: name: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
Year: 2020
Subjects: Deutscher Kalibrierdienst
DKD-Expertenbericht
Umfrage
DKD-Mitglieder

description: Der im Jahr 1977 gegründete Deutsche Kalibrierdienst (DKD) war sowohl Akkreditierungsstelle für die Akkreditierung von Kalibrierlaboratorien als auch das Forum für den fachlichen Austausch zwischen akkreditierten Kalibrierlaboratorien und der Physikalisch-Technischen Bundesanstalt (PTB). Dieses Forum bestand aus den Fachausschüssen des DKD. In Folge der Verordnung (EG) Nr. 765/2008 über die Vorschriften für die Akkreditierung und Marktüberwachung im Zusammenhang mit der Vermarktung von Produkten wurde die Akkreditierungsstelle des DKD wurde mit Wirkung vom 17.12.2009 in die Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle GmbH (DAkkS) überführt. Die DKD-Fachausschüsse waren somit zunächst ohne neue Heimat, arbeiteten jedoch kontinuierlich weiter mit Unterstützung durch PTB und DAkkS. Im Mai 2011 wurde der DKD als Gremium der PTB neugegründet. Der DKD führt die Arbeit der Fachausschüsse fort, sichert die Zusammenarbeit zwischen den akkreditierten Kalibrierlaboratorien und der PTB und unterstützt den Informationsaustausch zwischen den Akteuren im Kalibrierwesen. Das übergeordnete Ziel des DKD ist es, die Einheitlichkeit des Mess- und Kalibrierwesens zu fördern. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklungen stellen sich insbesondere folgende Fragen: Wo steht der DKD heute? Was kann und soll der DKD zukünftig leisten? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurden die Mitglieder des DKD befragt. Der Fokus lag auf den Prozessen und Möglichkeiten der Kompetenzentwicklung im DKD, da der Erhalt und die Erweiterung von Kompetenzen essentielle Aspekte der Sicherstellung von Qualität sind. Durch die Befragung sollte u. a. herausgefiltert werden, inwieweit eine Kompetenzentwicklung im DKD stattfindet. Oder anders formuliert: Wie gestalten sich die Mechanismen des Auf- und Ausbaus von Ressourcen und der Erweiterung von Kompetenzen im DKD, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Zufriedenheit der Mitglieder und die zukünftigen Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dieser Mechanismen? Ziel war es also, die Mechanismen der Kompetenzentwicklung aufzudecken bzw. zu überprüfen, Verbesserungspotenzial und -bedarf herauszufiltern und Optimierungsprozesse anzustoßen. Theoretische Grundlage der Befragung war der Begriff der Kompetenz und das Modell der Ressourcenzusammenlegung. Im empirischen Teil sind die Ergebnisse der Befragung nach verschiedenen Bereichen gegliedert: Administrative Arbeit der Geschäftsstelle, Organisation der Fachausschüsse und Sitzungen, Zusammenarbeit der Fachausschüsse untereinander und mit den Fachbereichen der PTB, Erfahrungsaustausch, Fortbildungen, Er- und Überarbeitung von Kalibrierrichtlinien, Ringvergleiche sowie einzelne Arbeitsbereiche des DKD. Auf Basis der theoretischen Grundlagen wird ein Fazit aus den Ergebnissen gezogen, das für die Arbeit des DKD genutzt werden kann.
Family and Cultural Influence on Career Self-Efficacy: Comparisons Between International and Domestic University Students
Creators: name: Gust, Lisa Marie
Publisher: name: Education
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education--Guidance and Counseling
subject: Education--Vocational
subject: career choice
subject: career decision-making self-efficacy
subject: university students
subject: international students
subject: family influence
subject: cultural influence

description: The differences between international students and domestic students on career decision-making self-efficacy were investigated in regards to family and cultural influence. Participants included 77 undergraduate domestic and international students. Standardized assessments on career decision-making self-efficacy, family influence, and individualism-collectivism were completed. Participants indicated their current occupational pursuit, their family’s career, and their perceptions of their family’s career expectations. Bivariate correlations and ANOVAs revealed that there were significant differences between international students and domestic students on career decision-making self-efficacy, but no significant effects of family or cultural influence were found. Thematic analysis found that participants felt they had the freedom to choose their own career, though some expressed their family had specific career expectations for them. Limitations of the study, directions for future research, and implications for university career practitioners and academic policy-makers are discussed.
Moving-aperture-based three-dimensional micro-measurement system
Creators: name: Fan, Shengli
name: Yu, Mei
name: Jiang, Gangyi
name: Wang, Yigang
name: Wang, Wei
name: Li, Wenda
Publisher: name: The Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland
Year: 2018
Subjects: optical microscopy, computational photography, three-dimensional micro-measurement, moving aperture

description: OPTICA APPLICATA; 04/2018; ISSN 1429-7507
A KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA)
Creators: name: Wakelam, V.
name: Herbst, E.
name: Loison, J. -C.
name: Smith, I. W. M.
name: Chandrasekaran, V.
name: Pavone, B.
name: Adams, N. G.
name: Bacchus-Montabonel, M. -C.
name: Bergeat, A.
name: Béroff, K.
name: Bierbaum, V. M.
name: Chabot, M.
name: Dalgarno, A.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Faure, A.
name: Geppert, W. D.
name: Gerlich, D.
name: Galli, D.
name: Hébrard, E.
name: Hersant, F.
name: Hickson, K. M.
name: Honvault, P.
name: Klippenstein, S. J.
name: Picard, S. Le
name: Nyman, G.
name: Pernot, P.
name: Schlemmer, S.
name: Selsis, F.
name: Sims, I. R.
name: Talbi, D.
name: Tennyson, J.
name: Troe, J.
name: Wester, R.
name: Wiesenfeld, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel chemical database for gas-phase astrochemistry. Named the KInetic Database for Astrochemistry (KIDA), this database consists of gas-phase reactions with rate coefficients and uncertainties that will be vetted to the greatest extent possible. Submissions of measured and calculated rate coefficients are welcome, and will be studied by experts before inclusion into the database. Besides providing kinetic information for the interstellar medium, KIDA is planned to contain such data for planetary atmospheres and for circumstellar envelopes. Each year, a subset of the reactions in the database (kida.uva) will be provided as a network for the simulation of the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds with temperatures between 10 K and 300 K. We also provide a code, named Nahoon, to study the time-dependent gas-phase chemistry of 0D and 1D interstellar sources.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJS
Two-point resolution with spherical aberration quadratic amplitude filters
Creators: name: Kumar, Naresh
name: Andra, Reddy
name: Khonina, Svetlana Nikolaevna
Publisher: name: The Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland
Year: 2018
Subjects: coherence, apodization, superresolution

description: OPTICA APPLICATA; 04/2018; ISSN 1429-7507
Kernel-assisted Pattern Analysis of Memory Events
Creators: name: Laing, Sarah
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: Memory Interception
subject: Kernel-level
subject: Filtering

description: Memory interception is used to create a record of a program's execution. Filtering the intercepted memory events enables one to find patterns in the memory accesses of a target program, patterns that can be used to find errors or vulnerabilities in the program. We present Cage, a kernel-level mechanism for intercepting and filtering the memory events of a user-level process. Cage uses a technique that generates a page fault for every instruction level memory access. The filtering component of Cage extends and uses the Berkeley Packet Filter infrastructure to filter memory events that have been intercepted. In the page fault handler, information related to the memory event is composed into a packet-like format and exported over a specialized memory network device. Standard network packet capture tools such as Wireshark can be used to capture from the memory network device to retrieve the information about each memory event.
Optimal storage capacity of quantum Hopfield neural networks
Creators: name: Bödeker, Lukas
name: Fiorelli, Eliana
name: Müller, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum neural networks form one pillar of the emergent field of quantum machine learning. Here, quantum generalisations of classical networks realizing associative memories - capable of retrieving patterns, or memories, from corrupted initial states - have been proposed. It is a challenging open problem to analyze quantum associative memories with an extensive number of patterns, and to determine the maximal number of patterns the quantum networks can reliably store, i.e. their storage capacity. In this work, we propose and explore a general method for evaluating the maximal storage capacity of quantum neural network models. By generalizing what is known as Gardner's approach in the classical realm, we exploit the theory of classical spin glasses for deriving the optimal storage capacity of quantum networks with quenched pattern variables. As an example, we apply our method to an open-system quantum associative memory formed of interacting spin-1/2 particles realizing coupled artificial neurons. The system undergoes a Markovian time evolution resulting from a dissipative retrieval dynamics that competes with a coherent quantum dynamics. We map out the non-equilibrium phase diagram and study the effect of temperature and Hamiltonian dynamics on the storage capacity. Our method opens an avenue for a systematic characterization of the storage capacity of quantum associative memories.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures + appendix
Gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges: Hyperbolic orbits on a cone
Creators: name: Chen, Zu-Cheng
name: Kim, Sang Pyo
name: Liu, Lang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the hyperbolic orbit of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges. In the low-velocity and weak-field regime, by using the Newtonian method, we calculate the total emission rate of energy due to gravitational and electromagnetic radiation from binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges in hyperbolic orbits. Moreover, we develop a formalism to derive the merger rate of binary black holes with electric and magnetic charges from the two-body dynamical capture. We apply the formalism to investigate the effects of the charges on the merger rate for the near-extremal case and find that the effects cannot be ignored.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures;
Metallicity Evolution of Damped Lyman-alpha Systems out to z~5
Creators: name: Rafelski, Marc
name: Wolfe, Arthur M.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Neeleman, Marcel
name: Mendez, Alexander J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present chemical abundance measurements for 47 damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs), 30 at z>4, observed with the Echellette Spectrograph and Imager and the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on the Keck telescopes. HI column densities of the DLAs are measured with Voigt profile fits to the Lyman-alpha profiles, and we find an increased number of false DLA identifications with SDSS at z>4 due to the increased density of the Lyman-alpha forest. Ionic column densities are determined using the apparent optical depth method, and we combine our new metallicity measurements with 195 from previous surveys to determine the evolution of the cosmic metallicity of neutral gas. We find the metallicity of DLAs decreases with increasing redshift, improving the significance of the trend and extending it to higher redshifts, with a linear fit of -0.22+-0.03 dex per unit redshift from z=0.09-5.06. The metallicity 'floor' of ~1/600 solar continues out to z~5, despite our sensitivity for finding DLAs with much lower metallicities. However, this floor is not statistically different from a steep tail to the distribution. We also find that the intrinsic scatter of metallicity among DLAs of ~0.5 dex continues out to z~5. In addition, the metallicity distribution and the alpha/Fe ratios of z>2 DLAs are consistent with being drawn from the same parent population with those of halo stars. It is therefore possible that the halo stars in the Milky Way formed out of gas that commonly exhibits DLA absorption at z>2.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 24 pages, 17 figures
title: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Comparison of the Effects of the Arkansas Stone and the Ida-Hone Ceramic Stone on Curet Sharpness and Root Smoothness
Creators: name: Rubino, Marian Gayle
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if there are statistically significant differences between the Arkansas sharpening stone and the Ida-Hone ceramic sharpening stone in producing a sharper cutting edge on dental curets, and to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between the degree of root smoothness achieved by the sharpened curet cutting edges on extracted human teeth.

Methods: A two-group, randomized subject (n=39), double blind, post-test only design was employed using 39 factory new Hu-Friedy 11/12 gracey curets. Curets in group one were sharpened using the Ida-Hone ceramic stone, curets in group two were sharpened using the Arkansas stone. All curets were used to root plane a 3 x 3-mm section of root surface of an extracted human tooth that was randomly assigned to each instrument. The curet cutting edges were examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 500x and 2000x magnification to measure the edge-width and evaluate the edge for irregularities, respectively. The corresponding root surfaces were examined under SEM at 500x magnification and graded using a modified version of Krupa-Lavigne's (1988) categories of root smoothness.

Results: The mean edge-width of the curet cutting edges sharpened by the Ida-Hone stone was 3.35 (s.d. 4.16) microns and the mean edge-width of the curet cutting edges sharpened by the Arkansas stone was 1.89 (s.d.1.26) microns evaluated under 500 magnification. Analysis of the mean edge-widths using Student's independent t-test revealed no statistically significant difference (p=0.05) between the two groups. The mean number of irregularities along a ten-micron segment under 2000x magnification of the cutting edges of curets sharpened with the Ida-Hone stone was 2.83 (s.d. 2.62). Curets sharpened with the Arkansas stone had a mean number of irregularities along a ten-micron segment under 2000x magnification of the cutting edges of 2.83 (s.d. 2.09). A Student's independent t-test revealed no statistically significant difference (p=0.05) in the mean number of irregularities between the two groups. Chi-square analysis (p=0.05) of root smoothness revealed no statistically significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions: The Ida-Hone ceramic stone is equally as effective as the Arkansas stone in achieving cutting edges with few irregularities on Hu-Friedy 11/12 gracey curets, and in achieving equally smooth root surfaces on extracted human teeth.
Development of a Supersonic Reflected Shock Tunnel
Creators: name: Van Harberden, Wesley
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Aerospace
subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Reflected Shock Tunnel
subject: Supersonic
subject: design
subject: Calibration

description: A reflected shock tunnel capable of producing supersonic/hypersonic flows was developed. The facility as a whole is described and tested for purposes of calibration and demonstration. A method for producing diaphragms in-lab was developed, and demonstrated to produce diaphragms with good bursting characteristics. The manufacture of diaphragms was also calibrated for the purpose of aiding in future experiments using the shock tunnel. The reflected shock tube portion was tested for its ability to generate a high pressure, high temperature, reservoir gas, as required for achieving supersonic flow by means of nozzle expansion. The nozzle itself was tested by means of inserting a wedge to create an oblique shock wave, and confirmed to successfully achieve supersonic flow. Finally, the entire shock tunnel was tested and confirmed to be capable of reproducing a given set of test conditions with a high level of repeatability.
Recursion operators for dispersionless integrable systems in any dimension
Creators: name: Marvan, M.
name: Sergyeyev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to construction of recursion operators for multidimensional integrable systems which have a Lax-type representation in terms of a pair of commuting vector fields. It is illustrated by the examples of the Manakov--Santini system which is a hyperbolic system in N dependent and N + 4 independent variables, where N is an arbitrary natural number, the six-dimensional generalization of the first heavenly equation, the modified heavenly equation, and the dispersionless Hirota equation.
description: revised version (introduction, section 5, and bibliography expanded), 10 pages, LaTeX, no figures
Teachers' Images and Narratives of Good Teachers: An Interpretive Inquiry
Creators: name: Grant, Kimberley
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Teacher Training
subject: good teachers
subject: teacher self-assessment
subject: teacher assessment
subject: hermeneutic phenomenology
subject: flow
subject: Bildung
subject: teacher images
subject: teacher narratives

description: Despite significant amounts of rhetoric and research on the importance of good teachers, little attention has been paid to how practicing teachers conceptualize what it means to be a good teacher. Using a research process informed by philosophical hermeneutics, this study explores the experiences of practicing teachers in order to better understand the phenomenological aspects of being a good teacher. Although the phrase good teacher continues to defy simple definition and was even actively avoided by the participants, their stories of classroom experiences begin to reveal how the concepts of flow and Bildung might provide helpful language and concepts to frame the intuitive, often wordless experiences of teachers. By focusing on the images and narratives teachers used to describe their understandings, the reflexive notions of seeing and being seen, reading and being read came to the fore. These ideas contribute in new ways to the ongoing conversations about teacher assessment and teacher self-assessment.
Domain wall propagation through spin wave emission
Creators: name: Wang, X. S.
name: Yan, P.
name: Shen, Y. H.
name: Bauer, G. E. W.
name: Wang, X. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study field-induced domain wall (DW) motion in an electrically insulating ferromagnet with hard- and easy-axis anisotropies. DWs can propagate along a dissipationless wire through spin wave emission locked into the known soliton velocity at low fields. In the presence of damping, the mode appears before the Walker breakdown field for strong out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy, and the usual Walker rigid-body propagation mode becomes unstable when the field is between the maximal-DW-speed field and Walker breakdown field.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Phase dependence of electron localization in HeH$^{2+}$ dissociation with an intense few-cycle laser pulse
Creators: name: Liu, Kunlong
name: Hong, Weiyi
name: Lu, Peixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron localization in the dissociation of the asymmetric charged molecular ion HeH$^{2+}$ exposed to an intense few-cycle laser pulse is studied by solving numerically the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation. By varying the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) and the intensity of the pulse, the upward shift of the localization probability and the suppression of the dissociation channel He$^{2+}$+H are observed . Our analysis shows that the phenomenon is attributed to the asymmetric structure of the molecule as well as the recollision-assistant field-induced ionization of the electron wave packets localized on H$^+$ in the trailing of the pulse.
A STUDY ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
Creators: name: M, Kavitha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 350599
subject: Human resources and industrial relations not elsewhere classified

description: This document focuses on economic participation andopportunities for women. There is a very close relationship between economic development andwomen's liberation. The main objective of this study is to determine the economic status, economicconditions, education and emancipation of women.
A genetic and behavioural analysis of the distinctiveness of the Cultus pygmy sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) and implications for its conservation
Creators: name: Woodruff, Patricia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Cultus pygmy sculpin (Cottus aleuticus) is endemic to Cultus Lake, southwestern BC, and is listed as threatened under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). The Cultus pygmy sculpin was first discovered by Ricker in the 1930’s (Ricker 1960) and was described as a dwarf coastrange sculpin (C. aleuticus). It matures at a smaller size than the “normal” C. aleuticus; has a lacustrine rather than a fluvial life history; and appears to undertake diurnal feeding migrations into the water column to feed on the abundance of Daphnia. The Cultus pygmy sculpin also has different morphological features, including larger cephalic pores, shorter pelvic fins, and a greater number of pectoral fin rays, which may be advantageous for an open-water, planktivorous lifestyle. Little else, however, is known of the biology of this fish. I used mtDNA and microsatellite analyses to determine whether there is any genetic distinction between the pygmy sculpin and the coastrange sculpin. Potential behavioural differences between the two forms were also examined by comparing vertical depth selection in the laboratory, with and without Cottus asper, a benthic predator found in Cultus Lake. Results from combined microsatellite and mtDNA analyses indicate that there is no clear phylogeographic separation between pygmy and coastrange sculpin, but that there is genetic differentiation at the population level. Pelagic sculpin from Lake Washington were compared with the Cultus pygmy sculpin and showed divergence from it, which suggests that the pelagic life history has evolved independently in each lake. The Cultus pygmy sculpin was found significantly higher in experimental depth selection tanks than the stream forms of C. aleuticus, but only when C. asper was also present in the tanks. Taken together, molecular and behavioural results indicate that the Cultus pygmy sculpin is discrete from the coastrange sculpin, and validate its recognition as a conservation unit distinct from “typical” C.aleuticus. The presence of abundant planktonic prey within the water column of Cultus Lake, combined with the presence of predators on the lake’s bottom, may be important features of the lake that have promoted the evolution of pelagic behaviour by the Cultus pygmy sculpin.
Reverberation Mapping of the Intermediate Mass Nuclear Black Hole in SDSS J114008.71+030711.4
Creators: name: Rafter, Stephen
name: Kaspi, Shai
name: Behar, Ehud
name: Kollatschny, Wolfram
name: Zetzl, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a reverberation mapping (RM) campaign on the black hole (BH) associated with the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in SDSS J114008.71+030711.4 (hereafter GH08). This object is selected from a sample of 19 candidate intermediate mass BHs (M_{BH} < 10^{6} Msun) found by Greene & Ho 2004 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We used the Hobby-Eberly Telescope to obtain 30 spectra over a period of 178 days in an attempt to resolve the reverberation time lag (tau) between the continuum source and the broad line region (BLR) in order to determine the radius of the BLR (R_{BLR}) in GH08. We measure tau to be 2 days with an upper limit of 6 days. We estimate the AGN luminosity at 5100 Angstroms to be approximately 1.1 x 10^{43} erg s^{-1} after deconvolution from the host galaxy. The most well calibrated R_{BLR}-L relation predicts a time lag which is 4 times larger than what we measure. Using the measured Hβ full-width-at-half-maximum of 703 (+/-) 110 km s^{-1} and an upper limit for R_{BLR} = 6 light days, we find M_{BH} < 5.8 x 10^{5} Msun as an upper limit to the BH virial mass in GH08, which implies super-Eddington accretion. Based on our measured M_{BH} we propose that GH08 may be another candidate to add to the very short list of AGNs with M_{BH} < 10^{6} Msun determined using RM.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 21 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Image compression-encryption algorithm combining compressive sensing with log operation
Creators: name: Chen, Rong-Ling
name: Zhou, Ying
name: Luo, Ming
name: Zhang, Ai-Di
name: Gong, Li-Hua
Publisher: name: The Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland
Year: 2018
Subjects: image encryption, image compression, compressive sensing, log operation

description: OPTICA APPLICATA; 04/2018; ISSN 1429-7507
Accretion Geometry of the Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1 in the Soft and Hard States
Creators: name: Sakurai, Soki
name: Yamada, Shin'ya
name: Torii, Shunsuke
name: Noda, Hirofumi
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutron-star Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1 was observed seven times in total with the Suzaku X-ray observatory from September 28 to October 30 in 2007, in the decaying phase of an outburst. In order to constrain the flux-dependent accretion geometry of this source over wider energy bands than employed in most of previous works, the present study utilized two out of the seven data sets. The 0.8-31 keV spectrum on September 28, taken with the XIS and HXD-PIN for an exposure of 13.8 ks, shows an absorbed 0.8-31 keV flux of $3.6\times 10^{-9}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$, together with typical characteristics of the soft state of this type of objects. The spectrum was successfully explained by an optically-thick disk emission plus a Comptonized blackbody component. Although these results are in general agreement with previous studies, the significance of a hard tail recently reported using the same data was inconclusive in our analysis. The spectrum acquired on October 9 for an exposure of 19.7 ks was detected over a 0.8-100 keV band with the XIS, HXD-PIN, and HXD-GSO, at an absorbed flux of $8.5\times 10^{-10}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ (in 0.8-100 keV). It shows characteristics of the hard state, and was successfully explained by the same two continuum components but with rather different parameters including much stronger thermal Comptonization, of which the seed photon source was identified with blackbody emission from the neutron-star surface. As a result, the accretion flow in the hard state is inferred to take a form of an optically-thick and geometrically-thin disk down to a radius of $21\pm 4$ km from the neutron star, and then turn into an optically-thin nearly-spherical hot flow.
description: PASJ in publish. 12 pages including 16 figures
Constraining the Merger History of Primordial-Black-Hole Binaries from GWTC-3
Creators: name: Liu, Lang
name: You, Zhi-Qiang
name: Wu, You
name: Chen, Zu-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) can be not only cold dark matter candidates but also progenitors of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration. The PBH mass can be shifted to the heavy distribution if multi-merger processes occur. In this work, we constrain the merger history of PBH binaries using the gravitational wave events from the third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3). Considering four commonly used PBH mass functions, namely the log-normal, power-law, broken power-law, and critical collapse forms, we find that the multi-merger processes make a subdominant contribution to the total merger rate. Therefore, the effect of merger history can be safely ignored when estimating the merger rate of PBH binaries. We also find that GWTC-3 is best fitted by the log-normal form among the four PBH mass functions and confirm that the stellar-mass PBHs cannot dominate cold dark matter.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in PRD
Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of Pi-Conjugated Organoboron Compounds
Creators: name: Araneda Arango, Juan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemistry--Inorganic
subject: Boron
subject: Materials

description: Organic molecules featuring extended π-conjugated systems have emerged in the last decade as promising materials for organic based devices. Among these π-conjugated molecules, ladder-type systems (materials with flat and rigid skeletons) are one of the most interesting candidates because the annelation eliminates conformational disorders, leading to attractive photophysical and electronic properties, such as intense luminescence and high carrier mobility. To further improve the photophysical properties of these materials several main group elements have been incorporated into these ladder-type structures. These elements impart interesting features such as more effective orbital interactions, diversity in coordination numbers, and intriguing structural motifs that can be used to tune properties. Boron is an attractive main group element that has been used to prepare fascinating π-conjugated materials with potential application in optoelectronics. Arguably the most important characteristic of a three-coordinate boron center is the empty p-orbital, which allows effective conjugation of organic π-systems with and through boron. Furthermore, the exchange of carbon for the more electropositive boron can also alter the electronic characteristics of a compound significantly. This thesis focused on the design and development of new boron-containing heterocycles and their photophysical and electronic properties. Interestingly, these remarkable boroncontaining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can act as strong electron acceptors and it was possible to isolate and characterize their mono- and di-reduced species. Furthermore, the reactivity of these molecules towards small molecules such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide was also investigated.
Evaluation of Dissolved Gas Pressure in Sandy Soils
Creators: name: Khurana, Aditi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geotechnology
subject: Gassy soils

description: Gassy sandy soils commonly occur in offshore regions, and slope failures during unloading are often inevitable in such soils as gas bubbles affect the compressibility of the pore fluid and integrity of the soil matrix. The ratio of pore water pressure to total dissolved gas pressure (PTDG) controls if and when free gas forms during unloading. PTDG has commonly been assumed equal to the pore water pressure, which may result in incorrect estimates during modeling and prediction of gassy soil induced failures. In this thesis, both total dissolved gas pressure and pore water pressure in gassy sandy soils were measured in a specially designed laboratory program that involved pressure reductions with undrained rebound conditions. It was concluded that PTDG and pore water pressure are not equal for sometime after the pressure reduction takes place. This difference in the two pressures accounts for the capillary pressure or surface tension effects.
The scaler mode in the Pierre Auger Observatory to study heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays
Creators: name: Dasso, S.
name: Asorey, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of the solar activity on the heliosphere has a strong influence on the modulation of the flux of low energy galactic cosmic rays arriving at Earth. Different instruments, such as neutron monitors or muon detectors, have been recording the variability of the cosmic ray flux at ground level for several decades. Although the Pierre Auger Observatory was designed to observe cosmic rays at the highest energies, it also records the count rates of low energy secondary particles (the scaler mode) for the self-calibration of its surface detector array. From observations using the scaler mode at the Pierre Auger Observatory, modulation of galactic cosmic rays due to solar transient activity has been observed (e.g., Forbush decreases). Due to the high total count rate coming from the combined area of its detectors, the Pierre Auger Observatory (its detectors have a total area greater than $16\,000$\,m$^2$) detects a flux of secondary particles of the order of $\sim 10^8$\,counts per minute. Time variations of the cosmic ray flux related to the activity of the heliosphere can be determined with high accuracy. In this paper we briefly describe the scaler mode and analyze a Forbush decrease together with the interplanetary coronal mass ejection that originated it. The Auger scaler data are now publicly available.
Stochastic thermodynamic bounds on logical circuit operation
Creators: name: Helms, Phillip
name: Chen, Songela W.
name: Limmer, David T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a thermodynamically consistent, mesoscopic model for modern complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors, we study an array of logical circuits and explore how their function is constrained by recent thermodynamic uncertainty relations when operating near thermal energies. For a single NOT gate, we find operating direction-dependent dynamics, and a trade-off between dissipated heat and operation time certainty. For a memory storage device, we find an exponential relationship between the memory retention time and energy required to sustain that memory state. For a clock, we find that the certainty in the cycle time is maximized at biasing voltages near thermal energy, as is the trade-off between this certainty and the heat dissipated per cycle. We identify a control mechanism that can increase the cycle time certainty without an offsetting increase in heat dissipation by working at a resonance condition for the clock. These results provide a framework for assessing thermodynamic costs of realistic computing devices, allowing for circuits to be designed and controlled for thermodynamically optimal operation.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
The UTfit Collaboration Average of D meson mixing data: Spring 2012
Creators: name: UTfit Collaboration
name: Bevan, A. J.
name: Bona, M.
name: Ciuchini, M.
name: Derkach, D.
name: Franco, E.
name: Lubicz, V.
name: Martinelli, G.
name: Parodi, F.
name: Pierini, M.
name: Schiavi, C.
name: Silvestrini, L.
name: Sordini, V.
name: Stocchi, A.
name: Tarantino, C.
name: Vagnoni, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive constraints on the parameters $M_{12}$, $Γ_{12}$ and $Φ_{12}$ that describe $D$ meson mixing using all available data, allowing for CP violation. We also provide posterior distributions and predictions for observable parameters appearing in $D$ physics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Modulators of Preference Reversals in Aesthetic Choices
Creators: name: Belchev, Zorry
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Psychology--Behavioral
subject: Psychology--Cognitive
subject: Psychology--Experimental
subject: preference reversals
subject: Aesthetics
subject: subjective choices
subject: contrast effects

description: Understanding the factors that produce choice reversals is of interest to researchers and marketers alike. I established a reversal paradigm for studying reversals in subjective choices between pairs of paintings. Participants chose between a pair of average-beauty paintings both before and after a contrast manipulation. In a reversal block, some contrast manipulation trials aimed to weaken preference for the chosen painting by pairing it with more-beautiful paintings, and others aimed to strengthen preference for the nonchoice painting by pairing it with less-beautiful paintings. Across a set of experiments more reversals occurred in reversal (vs. control) blocks, as anticipated, though this reversal effect was not significant in some experiments. I also identified several important moderators of reversals. Participants who reversed tended to have lower initial relative preference ratings and initial choice identification accuracy than consistent participants, and they also selected more higher-beauty choices during the contrast trials. Overall, the present study successfully induced reversals in subjective choices and identified several factors that create reversals. The stage is now set for future studies to refine the reversal paradigm, to use the paradigm to establish clearer links between choice reversals and their causes, and to attempt to generalize the paradigm to more applied contexts.
CID: Chemistry in disks VI.sulfur-bearing molecules in the protoplanetary disks surrounding LkCa15, MWC480, DM Tau, and GO Tau
Creators: name: Dutrey, Anne
name: Wakelam, Valentine
name: Boehler, Yann
name: Guilloteau, Stéphane
name: Hersant, Franck
name: Semenov, Dmitry
name: Chapillon, Edwige
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Piétu, Vincent
name: Launhardt, Ralf
name: Gueth, Frederic
name: Schreyer, Katharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the content in S-bearing molecules of protoplanetary disks around low-mass stars. We used the new IRAM 30-m receiver EMIR to perform simultaneous observations of the $1_{10}-1_{01}$ line of H$_2$S at 168.8 GHz and $2_{23}-1_{12}$ line of SO at 99.3 GHz. We compared the observational results with predictions coming from the astrochemical code NAUTILUS, which has been adapted to protoplanetary disks. The data were analyzed together with existing CS J=3-2 observations. We fail to detect the SO and H$_2$S lines, although CS is detected in LkCa15, DM\,Tau, and GO\,Tau but not in MWC\,480. However, our new upper limits are significantly better than previous ones and allow us to put some interesting constraints on the sulfur chemistry. Our best modeling of disks is obtained for a C/O ratio of 1.2, starting from initial cloud conditions of H density of $2\times 10^5$ cm$^{-3}$ and age of $10^6$ yr. The results agree with the CS data and are compatible with the SO upper limits, but fail to reproduce the H$_2$S upper limits. The predicted H$_2$S column densities are too high by at least one order of magnitude. H$_2$S may remain locked onto grain surfaces and react with other species, thereby preventing the desorption of H$_2$S.
title: Fertility and contraceptive use in Latin America.
Creators: name: Batyra, Ewa
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: HV Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology

description: The rapid fertility declines and increases in contraceptive prevalence rates in the last decades in Latin America occurred concurrently with increases in teenage and unintended childbearing. The factors behind, as well as possible future demographic consequences of this unique pattern of fertility change are still poorly understood. This thesis advances knowledge of three aspects of reproductive behaviour in Latin America: dynamics of contraceptive use in relation to an unintended birth experience, educational disparities in motherhood-timing and possible future of cohort fertility. I explore an untapped potential of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Population Censuses for Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Brazil, and employ demographic and statistical modelling techniques that have not been previously fully exploited in the Latin American context.

 First, I show how the longitudinal DHS reproductive “calendars” can be analysed using event-history models to advance the understanding of contraceptive choices of women who experience unintended pregnancies in Colombia and Peru. The study uncovers the importance of considering patterns of both pre- and after-birth contraceptive behaviour to inform the organization of postpartum family planning programmes in both countries. Second, using census data, I provide the first estimates of cohort first-birth age-specific schedules disaggregated by education level for Ecuador, Colombia and Peru. I document vastly increasing educational disparities in motherhood-timing during the fertility transition and discuss the potential factors behind this process. The analyses uncover a drastic increase in teenage fertility among women who drop-out of secondary school, indicating a need for an intervention. Lastly, using indirectly reconstructed fertility rates from censuses, cohort fertility is forecasted for total population and by education in Brazil. The study shows how a Bayesian model for fertility forecasting can be applied in the Latin American context where the childbearing pattern has been distinct from other world regions and where there is a scarcity of time-series of fertility rates. The study reveals the evolution of educational differences in completed fertility and shows that emerging low period fertility levels in Brazil might not necessarily correspond to women’s equally low lifetime fertility in the future. Overall, the substantive findings improve the understanding of the reproductive behaviour disparities in Latin America and serve as inputs for the design of policies to alleviate them. The novel use of data and application of methods are important for the development of future research agendas on fertility change and for the collection of fertility data in the region.
Integral Field Spectroscopy and multi-wavelength imaging of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC5668: an unusual flattening in metallicity gradient
Creators: name: Marino, Raffaella Anna
name: de Paz, Armando Gil
name: Castillo-Morales, Africa
name: Muñoz-Mateos, Juan Carlos
name: Sánchez, Sebastián F.
name: Pérez-González, Pablo G.
name: Gallego, Jesús
name: Zamorano, Jaime
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Boissier, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the full bi-dimensional optical spectral cube of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 5668, observed with the PPAK IFU at the Calar Alto observatory 3.5m telescope. We make use of broad-band imaging to provide further constraints on the evolutionary history of the galaxy. This dataset will allow us to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that drive the evolution of disks. We investigated the properties of 62 H II regions and concentric rings in NGC 5668 and derived maps in ionized-gas attenuation and chemical (oxygen) abundances. We find that, while inwards of r\,$\sim\,36",\sim$\,4.4kpc\,$\sim$\,0.36\,$(\frac {D_{25}}{2})$ the derived O/H ratio follows the radial gradient typical of spiral galaxies, the abundance gradient beyond r$\sim36"$ flattens out. The analysis of the multi-wavelength surface brightness profiles of NGC 5668 is performed by fitting these profiles with those predicted by chemo-spectrophotometric evolutionary models of galaxy disks. From this, we infer a spin and circular velocity of $λ$=0.053 and v$_{c}$=167\,km\,s$^{-1}$, respectively. The metallicity gradient and rotation curve predicted by this best-fitting galaxy model nicely match the values derived from the IFU observations, especially within r\,$\sim36\arcsec$. The same is true for the colors despite of some small offsets and a reddening in the bluest colors beyond that radius. On the other hand, deviations of some of these properties in the outer disk indicate that a secondary mechanism, possibly gas transfer induced by the presence of a young bar, must have played a role in shaping the recent chemical and star formation histories of NGC 5668.
description: 44 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:astro-ph/0206495