cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Challenges of early renal cancer detection: symptom patterns and incidental diagnosis rate in a multicentre prospective UK cohort of patients presenting with suspected renal cancer
Creators: name: Vasudev, Naveen S
name: Wilson, Michelle
name: Stewart, Grant D
name: Adeyoju, Adebanji
name: Cartledge, Jon
name: Kimuli, Michael
name: Datta, Shibendra
name: Hanbury, Damian
name: Hrouda, David
name: Oades, Grenville
name: Patel, Poulam
name: Soomro, Naeem
name: Sullivan, Mark
name: Webster, Jeff
name: Selby, Peter J
name: Banks, Rosamonde E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Oncology
1506
1717
kidney tumours
public health
health policy

description: Objectives: To describe the frequency and nature of symptoms in patients presenting with suspected renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and examine their reliability in achieving early diagnosis. Design: Multicentre prospective observational cohort study. Setting and participants: Eleven UK centres recruiting patients presenting with suspected newly diagnosed RCC. Symptoms reported by patients were recorded and reviewed. Comprehensive clinico-pathological and outcome data were also collected. Outcomes: Type and frequency of reported symptoms, incidental diagnosis rate, metastasis-free survival and cancer-specific survival. Results: Of 706 patients recruited between 2011 and 2014, 608 patients with a confirmed RCC formed the primary study population. The majority (60%) of patients were diagnosed incidentally. 87% of patients with stage Ia and 36% with stage III or IV disease presented incidentally. Visible haematuria was reported in 23% of patients and was commonly associated with advanced disease (49% had stage III or IV disease). Symptomatic presentation was associated with poorer outcomes, likely reflecting the presence of higher stage disease. Symptom patterns among the 54 patients subsequently found to have a benign renal mass were similar to those with a confirmed RCC. Conclusions: Raising public awareness of RCC-related symptoms as a strategy to improve early detection rates is limited by the fact that related symptoms are relatively uncommon and often associated with advanced disease. Greater attention must be paid to the feasibility of screening strategies and the identification of circulating diagnostic biomarkers.
The association between stratospheric weak polar vortex events and cold air outbreaks
Creators: name: Kolstad, E. W.
name: Breiteig, T.
name: Scaife, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies have identified an association between near-surface temperature anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere and weak stratospheric polar westerlies. Large regions in northern Asia, Europe and North America have been found to cool in the mature and late stages of stratospheric weak vortex events. A substantial part of the temperature changes are associated with changes to the tropospheric Northern Annular Mode and North Atlantic Oscillation pressure patterns. The apparent coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere may be of relevance for weather forecasting, but only if the temporal and spatial nature of the coupling is known. Here we show, using 51 winters of re-analysis data, that the tropospheric temperature development relative to stratospheric weak polar vortex events goes through a series of well-defined stages, including geographically distinct cold air outbreaks. At the inception of weak vortex events, a precursor signal in the form of a strong high-pressure anomaly is found over Northwest Europe. At the same time, long-lived and robust cold anomalies appear over Asia and Western Europe. A few weeks later, near the mature stage of weak vortex events, a shorter-lived cold anomaly emerges off the east coast of North America.The probability of cold air outbreaks in different phases of the weak vortex life cycle increases by 40-70 % in four key regions. This shows that the stratospheric polar vortex contains information that can be used to enhance forecasts of cold air outbreaks. 300-year pre-industrial control runs of 11 state-of-the-art coupled climate models corroborate our results.
description: Submitted to Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society on 5 June May, 2009. Minor changes with respect to v1 and v2
Superconductivity at 23 K and Low Anisotropy in Rb-Substituted BaFe_2As_2 Single Crystals
Creators: name: Bukowski, Z.
name: Weyeneth, S.
name: Puzniak, R.
name: Moll, P.
name: Katrych, S.
name: Zhigadlo, N. D.
name: Karpinski, J.
name: Keller, H.
name: Batlogg, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of Ba_{1-x}Rb_{x}Fe_2As_2 with x=0.05-0.1 have been grown from Sn flux and are bulk superconductors with T_c up to 23 K. The crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis, and Sn is found to be incorporated for 9% Ba, shifted by 1.1 Angstroem away from the Ba site towards the (Fe_2As_2)-layers. The upper critical field deduced from resistance measurements is anisotropic with slopes of 7.1(3) T/K (H || ab-plane) and 4.2(2) T/K (H || c-axis), sufficiently far below T_c. The extracted upper critical field anisotropy of 3 close to T_c, is in good agreement with the estimate from magnetic torque measurements. This indicates that the electronic properties in the doped BaFe_2As_2 compound are significantly more isotropic than those in the LnFeAsO family. The in-plane critical current density at 5 K exceeds 10^6 A/cm^2, making Ba_{1-x}Rb_xFe_2As_2 a promising candidate for technical applications.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B (9 pages, 11 figures)
Additional file 3 of Insulin resistance in women with recurrent miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Cai, Wang-Yu
name: Luo, Xi
name: Lv, Hou-Yi
name: Fu, Kai-You
name: Xu, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure 1. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of FBG between RPL and control group. Supplementary Figure 2. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of FIN between RPL and control group. Supplementary Figure 3. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of HOMA-IR between RPL and control group. Supplementary Figure 4. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of GI ratio between RPL and control group. Supplementary Figure 5. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of IR by abnormal HOMA-IR between RPL and control group. Supplementary Figure 6. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of IR by abnormal GI ratio between RPL and control group. Supplementary Figure 7. Funnel plot in the meta-analysis on the association of IR by abnormal FIN between RPL and control group.
title: Supporting the religious and spiritual needs of looked-after and accommodated children in Scotland
Creators: name: Barratt, Chris
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2009

description: This paper examines the importance of the right of looked-after and accommodated children in Scotland to follow their personal, cultural, religious and spiritual beliefs. This is a broad canvas which I will approach from the perspective of religious and spiritual needs. As will be seen, these are inextricable from personal and cultural beliefs. In this paper, the terms 'young person' and 'child' are used interchangeably to include both children and young people. Also, I would like to stress that the paper represents my personal reflections and does not represent the views of the Care Commission in Scotland.
Measuring the Higgs Boson Self-coupling at High Energy e^+e^- Colliders
Creators: name: Baur, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard Model Higgs pair production at e^+e^- colliders has the capability to determine the Higgs boson self-coupling λ. I present a detailed analysis of the e^+e^- -> ZHH and e^+e^- -> ν\barνHH signal channels, and the relevant background processes, for future e^+e^- linear colliders with center of mass energies of \sqrt{s}=0.5 TeV, 1 TeV, and 3 TeV. Special attention is given to the role non-resonant Feynman diagrams play, and the theoretical uncertainties of signal and background cross sections. I also derive quantitative sensitivity limits for λ. I find that an e^+e^- collider with \sqrt{s}=0.5 TeV can place meaningful bounds on λonly if the Higgs boson mass is relatively close to its current lower limit. At an e^+e^- collider with \sqrt{s}=1 TeV (3 TeV), λcan be determined with a precision of 20-80% (10-20%) for integrated luminosities in the few ab^{-1} range and Higgs boson masses in the range m_H=120-180 GeV.
description: revtex3, 38 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
Targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress with MitoQ reduces NET formation and kidney disease in lupus-prone MRL- lpr mice
Creators: name: Fortner, Karen A
name: Blanco, Luz P
name: Buskiewicz, Iwona
name: Huang, Nick
name: Gibson, Pamela C
name: Cook, Deborah L
name: Pedersen, Hege L
name: Yuen, Peter S T
name: Murphy, Michael P
name: Perl, Andras
name: Kaplan, Mariana J
name: Budd, Ralph C
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Animal models
1506
2252
autoimmune diseases
systemic lupus erythematosus
T cells
inflammation

description: Funder: Central New York Community Foundation; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001026
description: Objectives: Recent investigations in humans and mouse models with lupus have revealed evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) in T cells and neutrophils. This can provoke numerous cellular changes including oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and even induction of cell death. We have previously observed that in T cells from patients with lupus, the increased mROS is capable of provoking oligomerisation of mitochondrial antiviral stimulator (MAVS) and production of type I interferon (IFN-I). mROS in SLE neutrophils also promotes the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are increased in lupus and implicated in renal damage. As a result, in addition to traditional immunosuppression, more comprehensive treatments for lupus may also include non-immune therapy, such as antioxidants. Methods: Lupus-prone MRL-lpr mice were treated from weaning for 11 weeks with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, MitoQ (200 µM) in drinking water. Mice were then assessed for ROS production in neutrophils, NET formation, MAVS oligomerisation, serum IFN-I, autoantibody production and renal function. Results: MitoQ-treated mice manifested reduced neutrophil ROS and NET formation, decreased MAVS oligomerisation and serum IFN-I, and reduced immune complex formation in kidneys, despite no change in serum autoantibody . Conclusions: These findings reveal the potential utility of targeting mROS in addition to traditional immunosuppressive therapy for lupus.
Boundaries, braneworlds, and black holes : applications of the AdS/BCFT correspondence
Creators: name: Waddell, Christopher Neil
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The AdS/CFT correspondence is a far-reaching equivalence between theories of quantum gravity in spacetimes with negative cosmological constant, such as anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, and lower-dimensional, non-gravitational quantum systems, such as conformal field theories (CFTs). In this thesis, we will use a version of AdS/CFT applicable to boundary conformal field theories (BCFTs) to investigate the physics of supersymmetric gauge theories, and to develop holographic models for cosmology and black hole physics. We make frequent use of an ansatz for holographic BCFT wherein AdS spacetime ends on a surface called an end-of-the-world (ETW) brane, and of the Ryu-Takayanagi (RT) formula for holographic entanglement entropy. We first study the N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory on a half-space, with boundary conditions preserving scale invariance and half of the original supersymmetry. We calculate a conjectured renormalization group (RG) monotone called boundary F for the most general such boundary conditions using the RT formula. In some cases, we perform an exact calculation using supersymmetric localization, and find exact agreement for the leading large N term as a function of the 't Hooft coupling. Next, we introduce a toy model for cosmological physics in the framework of AdS/CFT, wherein a 4D cosmology resides on an ETW brane propagating behind the horizon in a black hole microstate. We study the time-dependent physics of the behind-the-horizon region in such microstates, finding that it can often be probed by the time-dependence of entanglement entropy for sufficiently large CFT subsystems. We investigate the plausibility of obtaining localized 4D gravity on the ETW brane in both effective and microscopic versions of this model. Last, we consider a doubly-holographic model of a radiating black hole, and apply the RT formula to analyze the time-dependence of the fine-grained entropy of its radiation. We obtain an analogue of the Page curve consistent with unitarity due to a phase transition between RT surfaces, after which the radiation system encodes part of the black hole interior.
The Bob Bailey Case
Publisher: name: Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions at Indiana University Bloomington
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research Ethics
Teaching Ethics in STEM
Collaboration
Mentors and Trainees

description: A case study from the 1995 "Moral Reasoning in Scientific Research: Cases for Teaching and Assessment." Bob Bailey is a graduate student whose research is not going well. When the supervisor of his lab forms a romantic attachment to another graduate student, Susan, Bob wonders if she is getting preferential treatment from their advisor and also worries about how the relationship might affect Susan's future career if things go badly.
Quantum and thermal Casimir interaction between a sphere and a plate: Comparison of Drude and plasma models
Creators: name: Zandi, Roya
name: Emig, Thorsten
name: Mohideen, Umar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the Casimir interaction between a sphere and a plate, both described by the plasma model, the Drude model, or generalizations of the two models. We compare the results at both zero and finite temperatures. At asymptotically large separations we obtain analytical results for the interaction that reveal a non-universal, i.e., material dependent interaction for the plasma model. The latter result contains the asymptotic interaction for Drude metals and perfect reflectors as different but universal limiting cases. This observation is related to the screening of a static magnetic field by a London superconductor. For small separations we find corrections to the proximity force approximation (PFA) that support correlations between geometry and material properties that are not captured by the Lifshitz theory. Our results at finite temperatures reveal for Drude metals a non-monotonic temperature dependence of the Casimir free energy and a negative entropy over a sizeable range of separations.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
How do the prevalence and relative risk of non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts vary across the population distribution of common mental distress (the p factor)? Observational analyses replicated in two independent UK cohorts of young people
Creators: name: Polek, Ela
name: Neufeld, Sharon A S
name: Wilkinson, Paul
name: Goodyer, Ian
name: St Clair, Michelle
name: Prabhu, Gita
name: Dolan, Ray
name: Bullmore, Edward T
name: Fonagy, Peter
name: Stochl, Jan
name: Jones, Peter B
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public health
1506
1724
epidemiology
child & adolescent psychiatry
public health
suicide & self-harm

description: Funder: National Institute for Health Research; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
description: Objectives: To inform suicide prevention policies and responses to youths at risk by investigating whether suicide risk is predicted by a summary measure of common mental distress (CMD (the p factor)) as well as by conventional psychopathological domains; to define the distribution of suicide risks over the population range of CMD; to test whether such distress mediates the medium-term persistence of suicide risks. Design: Two independent population-based cohorts. Setting: Population based in two UK centres. Participants: Volunteers aged 14–24 years recruited from primary healthcare registers, schools and colleges, with advertisements to complete quotas in age-sex-strata. Cohort 1 is the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network (n=2403); cohort 2 is the ROOTS sample (n=1074). Primary outcome measures: Suicidal thoughts (ST) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Results: We calculated a CMD score using confirmatory bifactor analysis and then used logistic regressions to determine adjusted associations between risks and CMD; curve fitting was used to examine the relative prevalence of STs and NSSI over the population distribution of CMD. We found a dose–response relationship between levels of CMD and risk of suicide. The majority of all subjects experiencing ST and NSSI (78% and 76% in cohort 1, and 66% and 71% in cohort 2) had CMD scores no more than 2 SDs above the population mean; higher scores indicated the highest risk but were, by definition, infrequent. Pathway mediation models showed that CMD mediated the longitudinal course of both ST and NSSI. Conclusions: NSSI and ST in youths reflect CMD that also mediates their persistence. Universal prevention strategies reducing levels of CMD in the whole population without recourse to screening or measurement may prevent more suicides than approaches targeting youths with the most severe distress or with psychiatric disorders.
Next-to-leading-order predictions for t-channel single-top production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Campbell, John M.
name: Frederix, Rikkert
name: Maltoni, Fabio
name: Tramontano, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the predictions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the strong coupling for the single-top cross section in the t channel at the Tevatron and the LHC. Our calculation starts from the 2 -> 3 Born amplitude g q -> t bbar q', keeping the b-quark mass non-zero. A comparison is performed with a traditional NLO calculation of this channel based on the 2 -> 2 Born process with a bottom quark in the initial state. In particular, the effect of using kinematic approximations and resumming logarithms of the form log(Q^2/m_b^2) in the 2 -> 2 process is assessed. Our results show that the 2 -> 3 calculation is very well behaved and in substantial agreement with the predictions based on the 2 -> 2 process.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Updated results with more recent CTEQ6.6 PDF set. Included PDF uncertainties
Gaussian processes for hybridisation of analytical and data-driven approaches for design of experiments
Creators: name: Olofsson, Simon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: In many areas of science and engineering, gathering data and making measurements of a system is costly and time-consuming. Whether the data comes from real-life experiments or computer models, we wish to maximally utilise already existing data to make informed and optimal decisions. The decisions might have to do with where next to evaluate the system, or how to control the system. Our focus is on design of experiments to aid model discrimination, i.e. discarding inadequate members of a set of rival models. Many models are too complex to analyse to the extent we sometimes wish. To discriminate between parametric models, we often wish to compute function gradients. However, if our function involves evaluating complex legacy code or stochastic simulations, then function gradients are not readily available to us. The function is effectively a black box, where we can input variable values and collect the output function value, without knowing exactly what happens inside the box. For situations involving black-box functions or models, we turn to black-box methods. Our approach is to construct probabilistic surrogate models using Gaussian process regression. A Gaussian process is a distribution over functions, yielding a Gaussian distribution at each test point, with a mean and variance conditioned on previous function or model evaluations. We use the surrogate model method to tackle design of experiments for model discrimination. Given our surrogate models, we can utilise existing analytical methods to solve our problems, taking the inherent uncertainty in variables and about our surrogate models into account. Using literature case studies, we demonstrate how our method balances accuracy and computational complexity in solving both the design of experiments and model discrimination problems. We do this for both static and dynamic models. Open-source Python packages GPdoemd and doepy implement our methods.
Robust Magnetic Polarons in Type-II (Zn,Mn)Te Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Sellers, I. R.
name: Oszwaldowski, R.
name: Whiteside, V. R.
name: Eginligil, M.
name: Petrou, A.
name: Zutic, I.
name: Chou, W-C.
name: Fan, W. C.
name: Petukhov, A. G.
name: McCombe, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence of magnetic ordering in type-II (Zn, Mn) Te quantum dots. This ordering is attributed to the formation of bound magnetic polarons caused by the exchange interaction between the strongly localized holes and Mn within the dots. In our photoluminescence studies, the magnetic polarons are detected at temperatures up to ~ 200 K, with a binding energy of ~ 40 meV. In addition, these dots display an unusually small Zeeman shift with applied field (2 meV at 10 T). This behavior is explained by a small and weakly temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility due to anti-ferromagnetic coupling of the Mn spins.
title: Récit sur le déroulement du mois de Ramadan autrefois à Jijel
Creators: name: Garaoun, Massinissa
Publisher: name: Pangloss
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Linguistique
subject: Jijélien

description: Récit sur le déroulement du mois de Ramadan autrefois à Jijel
Additional file 1 of A qualitative study of an undergraduate online emergency medicine education program at a teaching Hospital in Kampala, Uganda
Creators: name: Ayoola, Adeoluwa S.
name: Acker, Peter C.
name: Kalanzi, Joseph
name: Strehlow, Matthew C.
name: Becker, Joseph U.
name: Newberry, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Interview and focus group guides used in this study as well as a description of the blended app-based course used in our study.
Anthropic constraints on fermion masses
Creators: name: Jenkins, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We summarize the results of previous research on the constraints imposed on quark masses by the anthropically-motivated requirement that there exist stable nuclei with the right charge to form complex molecules. We also mention an upper bound on the mass of the lightest lepton, derived from the requirement that such nuclei be stable against electron capture.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, Acta Phys. Pol. style. Presented at the ExcitedQCD meeting in Zakopane, Poland, 8-14 Feb. 2009
The Jessica Banks Case
Publisher: name: Poynter Center for the Study of Ethics and American Institutions at Indiana University Bloomington
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research Ethics
Data Management
Intellectual Property and Patents
Mentors and Trainees
Collaboration

description: Jessica Banks has just earned her Ph.D. and wants to take her lab notebooks when she leaves for her new job. Her lab director, Brian Hayward, objects. She wonders what to do.
Are Feminists Empowered Activists or Entitled Whiners? A Thematic Analysis of U.S. Adolescents’ Definitions of “Feminist” in a Diverse, Mixed-Gender Sample
Creators: name: Maheux, Anne J.
name: Roberts, Savannah R.
name: Carrino, Emily A.
name: Widman, Laura
name: Choukas-Bradley, Sophia
name: Bryen, Chloe P.
name: Stewart, J. L.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description:
“What defines a feminist?” is a heavily debated question within scholarly and mainstream discourse. Although prior studies have examined adults’ definitions of feminist, less is known about adolescents’ conceptualizations. This study explores definitions of “feminist” in a mixed-gender, racially/ethnically diverse sample of high-school adolescents in the Southeastern United States (n = 213; Mage = 16.23, SDage = .76; 61% adolescent girls; 47% White/Caucasian, 25% Hispanic/Latinx, 23% Black/African American). Participants responded to the open-ended prompt: “How do you define the word ‘feminist’?” Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: (1) supporting gender equality and women’s rights (63% of responses), with four subthemes: gender equality, women’s rights, activism, pro-women; (2) seeking attention and power over men (24% of responses), with three subthemes: gender adversaries, pejorative views of feminists, feminism is unnecessary; and (3) confusing feminist with other terms and concepts (14% of responses), including mixing up terms and concepts and unsure. Participants expressed multiple subthemes in their individual responses, with some defining “feminist” in both positive and negative ways. Overlap among themes is discussed in the context of multifaceted notions of feminism. Although definitions about gender equality were more common than those focused on feminists seeking power over men, most adolescents (58%) did not identify as a feminist, suggesting additional barriers to self-identifying beyond misunderstanding the goals of feminism or holding negative views of feminists. Findings illuminate both the stability of long-standing tensions about feminists and the novelty of emerging trends in adolescents’ conceptions of feminists.
Defining Filler Particles
Creators: name: Belz, Malte
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: filler
subject: filled pause
subject: hesitation
subject: filler particle
subject: phonetic form
subject: definition
subject: corpus study
subject: interjection
subject: spontaneous speech
subject: continuum
subject: 410 Linguistik

description: The terms hesitation, planner, filler, and filled pause do not always refer to the same phonetic entities. This terminological conundrum is approached by investigating the observational, explanatory, and descriptive inadequacies of the terms in use. Concomitantly, the term filler particle is motivated and a definition is proposed that identifies its phonetic exponents and describes them within the linguistic category of particles. The definition of filler particles proposed here is grounded both theoretically and empirically and then applied to a corpus of spontaneous dialogues with 32 speakers of German, showing that in addition to the prototypical phonetic forms, there is a substantial amount of non-prototypical forms, i.e., 9.5%, comprising both glottal (e.g., [Ɂ]) and vocal forms (e.g., [ɛɸ], [j˜ɛvə]). The grammatical classification and the results regarding the phonetic forms are discussed with respect to their theoretical relevance in filler particle research and corpus studies. The phonetic approach taken here further suggests a continuum of phonetic forms of filler particles, ranging from singleton segments to multi-syllabic entities.
Population Prevalence of Trachoma in Nine Rural Non-Indigenous Evaluation Units of Brazil
Creators: name: Szwarcwald, Célia Landmann
name: de Fátima Costa Lopes, Maria
name: de Souza, Paulo Roberto Borges
name: Gómez, Daniela Vaz Ferreira
name: de Albuquerque Luna, Expedito José
name: de Almeida, Wanessa da Silva
name: Damacena, Giseli Nogueira
name: da Felidade Ribeiro Favacho, Joana
name: de Frias, Paulo Germano
name: Butcher, Robert
name: Boyd, Sarah
name: Bakhtiari, Ana
name: Willis, Rebecca
name: Jimenez, Cristina
name: Harding-Esch, Emma
name: Saboyá-Díaz, Martha Idalí
name: Solomon, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To assess the contemporary prevalence of trachoma in Brazil’s non-indigenous population, surveys of those thought to be at greatest risk of disease were conducted. Rural census tracts of non-indigenous population from nine mesoregions were selected to compose the survey evaluation units (EUs) by considering previously endemic municipalities at greatest risk of trachoma. In each of the nine EUs, we conducted a population-based prevalence survey. Every resident of selected households aged ≥1 year was examined for trachomatous inflammation — follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Additionally, data were collected on household-level access to water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) and education. A total of 27,962 individuals were examined across nine EUs. The age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds was <5% in each EU. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in eight EUs; in one EU, it was 0.22%. The median number of households surveyed per EU with access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute roundtrip of the house was 66%. School attendance was >99% of surveyed children. The prevalence of TF was well below the target for elimination as a public health problem in all EUs. Because EUs surveyed were selected to represent the highest-risk non-indigenous areas of the country, TF prevalence is unlikely to be ≥5% in non-indigenous populations elsewhere. In one EU, the prevalence of TT was above the target threshold for elimination. Further investigation and possibly improvement in TT surgical provision are required in that EU.
Revisiting Pollock's Drip Paintings
Creators: name: Jones-Smith, Katherine
name: Mathur, Harsh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the contentions that Jackson Pollock's drip paintings are fractals produced by the artist's Levy distributed motion and that fractal analysis may be used to authenticate works of uncertain provenance[1-5]. We find that the paintings exhibit fractal characteristics over too small a range to be usefully considered as fractal; their limited fractal characteristics are easily generated without Levy motion, both by freehand drawing and gaussian random motion. Several problems must therefore be addressed before fractal analysis can be used to authenticate paintings.
description: Appeared in Nature Nov.2006. Previously unavailable on arxiv. Figures here are low resolution version
Additional file 1 of CNS endothelial derived extracellular vesicles are biomarkers of active disease in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Mazzucco, Michael
name: Mannheim, William
name: Shetty, Samantha V.
name: Linden, Jennifer R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Gating strategy and enumeration of individual EEV populations. Figure S2. Enumeration of total EEV. Figure S3. Percentages of total CSN-EEV do not differ between patient groups. Table S1. Flow cytometry antibodies. Table S2. Western blot antibodies, and Supplemental Materials and Methods consisting of detailed experimentation.
Bufo bufo Bocourtii Brocchi.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Ranidae
Bufo

description: * Bufo Bocourtii Brocchi.
Guatémala v. F M. [1]
Das vorliegende ausgewachsene und wohlerhalteue Stück gehört unzweifelhaft dieser Art an, zeigt jedoch hinsichtlich der Kopfkämme einige Abweichungen. Der Schnauzenkanım endigt nämlich an der vordern Ecke der Augeııhöhle und erst in kurzer Distanz von dieser Endignng fängt ein zweiter innerer und sehr kräftiger Kamm an, der sich längs der innern Seite der orbita bis zum innern Winkel der pzmtis erstreckt, wo er keulcnförmig endet, einen bogenförmígen kurzen Fortran gegen die Mittellinie sendend. Die ganz schwache Postorbitalcrista geht nicht von diesem keulenförmigen Ende aus, sondern erst vom äussern vordern Winkel der parotis. Zwischen orbita und parotis eine tiefe schmale Rinne. Parotis so lang als Distanz von ihrer vordem Ecke zur Schnauzenspitze. Oberseite der parotis heller als die Grundfarbe des Rückens; an ihrer äussern Seite ein tiefschwarzes breites Band. Stirndreieck hellgelbgran. von demselben geht ein schwarzgesäuuıtes Band derselben Farbe zur Schnauzenspitze hinunter. Die gelbe Bückenbinde ist bei unserm Exemplar sehr ausgeprägt und zeigt zwischen den Parotidon einen breitern gelben Fleck mit dunkelnı Saum. Rilckenwarzen kräftig, stachlig. Ausser den von Brocclıi angeführten Warzen des Unterschenkels sind bei unserm Stück auch noch besonders prominent zwei nebeneinander stehende gelbe Warzen über dem After.
Kehle, Vorderbrust, Unterseite der Vorder- und Hintergliedmassen indiagelb. Bauch hellgelb mit zahlreichen blauschwarzen Sprenkeln. Gelenkhöcker einfach Tarsalfalte wohlentwickelt. Trommelfell bei unserm Stück vollständig unsichtbar. (Im Katalog von Boulanger png. 285 ist B. Bocoıırti mit dem Beiftlgen „ tympanum hidden “ in die Gruppe der mit einem Trommelfell versehenen amerikanischen Bufonen gestellt.)
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 672, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Prevalence of Trachoma in 72 Districts of Afghanistan in 2018−2019: Results of 35 Population-based Prevalence Surveys
Creators: name: Salam, Ahmad Shah
name: Qayumi, Rafiqullah
name: Siddiqi, Abdul Majeed
name: Naseem, Mohammad
name: Mansoor, Mirwais
name: Butcher, Robert
name: Bakhtiari, Ana
name: Renneker, Kristen
name: Willis, Rebecca
name: Jimenez, Cristina
name: Dejene, Michael
name: Safi, Naimullah
name: Heggen, Anne
name: Solomon, Anthony W.
name: Harding-Esch, Emma M.
name: Alizoi, Najeebullah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To determine where interventions are needed to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, prevalence data are needed. We aimed to generate baseline population-based data on trachoma prevalence in suspected-endemic areas of Afghanistan. Cross-sectional population-based prevalence surveys designed according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations were conducted in 35 evaluation units (EUs) covering 72 districts. In selected households, all resident individuals aged ≥1 year were examined for trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) according to the WHO simplified trachoma grading system. Water, sanitation and hygiene access was assessed in households of survey participants. 104,104 people aged ≥1 year were examined, including 43,774 children aged 1–9 years and 46,439 people aged ≥15 years. The age-adjusted prevalence of TF in 1–9-year-olds was ≥5% in 3 EUs, with the highest EU TF prevalence being 7.8%. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was <0.2% in all EUs. The majority of households had access to an improved water source within 30 minutes of the house. However, only a minority of households had an improved latrine and/or a handwash station. Trachoma is not a public health problem in the majority of EUs surveyed. However, antibiotic mass drug administration, promotion of facial cleanliness and environmental improvement (the A, F and E components of the SAFE strategy) are needed for trachoma elimination purposes in three of the EUs surveyed in Afghanistan.
Glyptothorax irroratus, a new species of rheophilic catfish from the Mekong River drainage (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes: Sisoridae)
Creators: name: Ng, Heok Hee
name: Kottelat, Maurice
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Glyptothorax irroratus, a new species of sisorid catfish from the Mekong River drainage in Laos and China, is described. It differs from its Indochinese congeners in having both large and small tubercles arranged irregularly on the lateral surfaces of the body and by combinations of colour pattern, morphometry (with particular regards to the eye, body depth, adipose fin and caudal peduncle) and thoracic adhesive apparatus morphology. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1031A8CE-F51D-4954-A812-14EE132371BA
A Global Spectral Study of Black Hole X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Dunn, Robert
name: Fender, Rob
name: Koerding, Elmar
name: Belloni, Tomaso
name: Cabanac, Clement
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We report on a consistent and comprehensive spectral analysis of the X-ray emission of 25 Black Hole X-ray Binaries. All publicly available observations of the black hole binaries in the RXTE archive were analysed. Three different types of model were fitted to investigate the spectral changes occurring during an outburst. For the population, as well as each binary and each outburst from each binary, we construct two diagnostic diagrams. The Hardness Intensity/Luminosity Diagram (HID/HLD) is most useful when studying a single binary. However, to compare between different binary systems, the Disc Fraction Luminosity diagram (DFLD) is more useful. We discuss the limitations of both diagnostic diagrams for the study of the X-ray binary outbursts, and we clearly illustrate how the two diagrams map onto each other for real outburst data. We extract the peak luminosities in a single outburst, as well as the luminosities at the transitions away from- and returning to the powerlaw dominated state for each outburst. The distribution of the luminosities at the transition from the powerlaw to the disc dominated state peaks at around 0.3L_Edd, the same as the peak of the distribution of the peak luminosities in an outburst. Using the disc fraction to calculate the transition luminosities shows that the distributions of the luminosities for the transitions away from- and return to the powerlaw dominated state are both broad and appear to overlap. Finally we compare the measured X-ray luminosities with a small number of contemporaneous radio measurements. Overall this is the most comprehensive and uniform global study of black hole X-ray binaries to date.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 40 pages, 16 Figures, 4 Tables
Assessing the Prevalence of Trachoma: Lessons from Community Screening with Laboratory Testing in Australia’s Torres Strait Islands
Creators: name: Lynch, Kathleen D.
name: Brian, Garry
name: Ahwang, Tomisina
name: Morotti, Wendy
name: Wharton, Ghislaine
name: Newie, Tomi
name: Newie, Victoria
name: Perrett, Christine
name: Ware, Wagie
name: Mosby, Lucy
name: Walters, Shelley
name: Brown, Anthony
name: Whop, Lisa J.
name: Lambert, Stephen B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: We undertook a screening program between 2016 and 2019 to determine if trachoma was endemic in the Torres Strait Islands of Queensland, Australia. Eleven screening surveys assessing trachoma prevalence were undertaken in seven communities using the World Health Organization (WHO) simplified grading tool. Additionally, an ophthalmologist performed a detailed clinical assessment including examination for Herbert’s pits and corneal pannus and, where clinically indicated, collection of conjunctival specimens to investigate the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis nucleic acid. Prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) in children aged 5–9 years for the aggregated first survey across all communities was 6% (17/284). No child had trachomatous inflammation—intense, trachomatous scarring, corneal pannus, or Herbert’s pits. Of the 66 times any child was tested for C. trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the result was negative. No cicatricial trachoma was identified amongst the adults (n = 186) who were opportunistically offered examination. Whilst TF was present, the lack of intense inflammatory thickening in any child examined, the lack of end-stage trachomatous disease, and the lack of ocular C. trachomatis detection by PCR indicate trachoma is not endemic in the Torres Strait Islands, and no ongoing public health intervention is required. These findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that use of the WHO simplified grading tool alone in the peri-elimination setting may overestimate the community burden of trachoma.
Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Turner, Grace M
name: McMullan, Christel
name: Aiyegbusi, Olalekan Lee
name: Bem, Danai
name: Marshall, Tom
name: Calvert, Melanie
name: Mant, Jonathan
name: Belli, Antonio
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Systematic Review
Traumatic brain injury
traumatic brain injury
stroke
risk
meta-analysis
systematic review

description: Background: Traumatic brain injury is a global health problem; worldwide, >60 million people experience a traumatic brain injury each year and incidence is rising. Traumatic brain injury has been proposed as an independent risk factor for stroke. Aims: To investigate the association between traumatic brain injury and stroke risk. Summary of review: We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4 December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios for studies which reported stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-traumatic brain injury control group, all found traumatic brain injury patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled hazard ratio 1.86; 95% confidence interval 1.46–2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-traumatic brain injury, but remains significant up to five years post-traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of traumatic brain injury. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-traumatic brain injury and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants. Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of traumatic brain injury severity or type. Post-traumatic brain injury review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.
Switchable Hardening of a Ferromagnet at Fixed Temperature
Creators: name: Silevitch, D. M.
name: Aeppli, G.
name: Rosenbaum, T. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intended use of a magnetic material, from information storage to power conversion, depends crucially on its domain structure, traditionally crafted during materials synthesis. By contrast, we show that an external magnetic field applied transverse to the preferred magnetization of a model disordered uniaxial ferromagnet is an isothermal regulator of domain pinning. At elevated temperatures, near the transition into the paramagnet, modest transverse fields increase the pinning, stabilize the domain structure, and harden the magnet, until a point where the field induces quantum tunneling of the domain walls and softens the magnet. At low temperatures, tunneling completely dominates the domain dynamics and provides an interpretation of the quantum phase transition in highly disordered magnets as a localization/delocalization transition for domain walls. While the energy scales of the rare earth ferromagnet studied here restrict the effects to cryogenic temperatures, the principles discovered are general and should be applicable to existing classes of highly anisotropic ferromagnets with ordering at room temperature or above.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures