cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy pattern tree evolution using grammatical evolution
Creators: name: Murphy, Aidan
name: Ali, Muhammad Sarmad
name: MOTA DIAS, DOUGLAS
name: Amaral, Jorge
name: NAREDO, ENRIQUE
name: RYAN, CONOR
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering

description: A novel approach to induce Fuzzy Pattern Trees using Grammatical Evolution is presented in this paper. This new method, called Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution, is applied to a set of benchmark classification problems. Experimental results show that Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution attains similar and oftentimes better results when compared with state-of-the-art Fuzzy Pattern Tree composing methods, namely Fuzzy Pattern Trees evolved using Cartesian Genetic Programming, on a set of benchmark problems. We show that, although Cartesian Genetic Programming produces smaller trees, Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution produces better performing trees. Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution also benefits from a reduction in the number of necessary user-selectable parameters, while Cartesian Genetic Programming requires the selection of three crucial graph parameters before each experiment. To address the issue of bloat, an additional version of Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution using parsimony pressure was tested. The experimental results show that Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution with this extension routinely finds smaller trees than those using Cartesian Genetic Programming without any compromise in performance. To improve the performance of Fuzzy Grammatical Evolution, various ensemble methods were investigated. Boosting was seen to find the best individuals on half the benchmarks investigated.
Parasteatoda oculiprominens
Creators: name: Gao, Cai-Xia
name: Li, Shu-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Parasteatoda
Parasteatoda oculiprominens

description: Parasteatoda oculiprominens (Saito, 1939) Nesticus oculiprominentis Saito, 1939: 52, fig. 6 (5), pl. 1, fig. 7. Achaearanea oculiprominentis Zhu, 1998: 95, figs 55A–E; Song et al., 1999: 91, figs 41A–B, G–H. Parasteatoda oculiprominens Yoshida, 2008: 39. Material examined. China, Yunnan, 1♂, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Paramichelia baillonii plantation (about 20 years) (21º54.772'N, 101º16.043'E), 16–31 March 2007, Guo Zheng leg. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan); Japan, Laos, Korea.
description: Published as part of Gao, Cai-Xia & Li, Shu-Qiang, 2014, Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, pp. 1-135 in Zoological Systematics 39 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140101, http://zenodo.org/record/7475365
VITAL-5G Pre-Hackathon Material
Creators: name: Nina Slamnik – Kriještorac
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document is intended to ready those interested in attending the hackathon by providing an overview of the project, the procedures used to engage with the project assets and an understanding of the available assets that participants can access. Also covered are descriptions of the project trials, which provide clear examples of how project partners are currently using the project assets. These examples are intended to inspire other creative solutions to be proposed, developed and implemented by hackathon participants.
An all-sky catalog of solar-type dwarfs for exoplanetary transit surveys
Creators: name: Nascimbeni, V.
name: Piotto, G.
name: Ortolani, S.
name: Giuffrida, G.
name: Marrese, P. M.
name: Magrin, D.
name: Ragazzoni, R.
name: Pagano, I.
name: Rauer, H.
name: Cabrera, J.
name: Pollacco, D.
name: Heras, A. M.
name: Deleuil, M.
name: Gizon, L.
name: Granata, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most future surveys designed to discover transiting exoplanets, including TESS and PLATO, will target bright (V<13) and nearby solar-type stars having a spectral type later than F5. In order to enhance the probability of identifying transits, these surveys must cover a very large area on the sky, because of the intrinsically low areal density of bright targets. Unfortunately, no existing catalog of stellar parameters is both deep and wide enough to provide a homogeneous input list. As the first Gaia data release exploitable for this purpose is expected to be released not earlier than late 2017, we have devised an improved reduced-proper-motion method to discriminate late field dwarfs and giants by combining UCAC4 proper motions with APASS DR6 photometry, and relying on RAVE DR4 as an external calibrator. The output, named UCAC4-RPM, is a publicly-available, complete all-sky catalog of solar-type dwarfs down to V<13.5, plus an extension to logg>3.0 subgiants. The relatively low amount of contamination (defined as the fraction of false positives; <30%) also makes UCAC4-RPM a useful tool for the past and ongoing ground-based transit surveys, which need to discard candidate signals originating from early-type or giant stars. As an application, we show how UCAC4-RPM may support the preparation of the TESS (that will map almost the entire sky) input catalog and the input catalog of PLATO, planned to survey more than half of the whole sky with exquisite photometric precision.
description: 14 page, 6 figures, 2 tables. Accepted in MNRAS
A multi-wavelength characterization of proto-brown dwarf candidates in Serpens
Creators: name: Riaz, B.
name: Vorobyov, E.
name: Harsono, D.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Tikare, K.
name: Gonzalez-Martin, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a deep sub-millimeter survey in the Serpens Main and Serpens/G3-G6 clusters, conducted with the Submillimetre Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA-2) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We have combined Herschel PACS far-infrared photometry, sub-millimeter continuum and molecular gas line observations, with the aim to conduct a detailed multi-wavelength characterization of `proto-brown dwarf' candidates in Serpens. We have performed continuum and line radiative transfer modeling, and have considered various classification schemes to understand the structure and the evolutionary stage of the system. We have identified four proto-brown dwarf candidates, of which the lowest luminosity source has an Lbol ~0.05 Lsun. Two of these candidates show characteristics consistent with Stage 0/I systems, while the other two are Stage I-T/Class Flat systems with tenuous envelopes. Our work has also revealed a ~20% fraction of mis-identified Class 0/I/Flat sources that show characteristics consistent with Class II edge-on disk systems. We have set constraints on the mass of the central object using the measured bolometric luminosities and numerical simulations of stellar evolution. Considering the available gas+dust mass reservoir and the current mass of the central source, three of these candidates are likely to evolve into brown dwarfs.
description: Accepted in ApJ
Low-noise, 2-W average power, 112-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 um
Creators: name: Yao, Weichao
name: Wang, Yicheng
name: Ahmed, Shahwar
name: Hoffmann, Martin
name: van Delden, Marcel
name: Musch, Thomas
name: Saraceno, Clara J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an in-band pumped soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho:CALGO bulk laser at 2.1 um, generating 2 W of average power with 112 fs pulses at 91-MHz repetition rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power from a 100-fs class mode-locked laser based on a Tm3+ or Ho3+ doped bulk material. We show that the laser has excellent noise properties with an integrated relative intensity noise of 0.02% and a timing jitter of 950 fs (RMS phase noise 0.543 mrad) in the integration interval from 10 Hz to 10 MHz. The demonstrated combination of high average power, short pulses, and low-noise make this an outstanding laser source for spectroscopy and many other applications at 2.1 um.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Bioconversion of polystyrene and food waste streams into biochar: an upgraded enzymatic activation system.
Creators: name: Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C.
name: Cares, Ximena Andrade
name: Bustan, Andreea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Pyrolisis, biochar, insect larva, frass

description: Pyrolysis is a suitable strategy for managing two residues of global concern: plastics and food waste.1 The addition of plastics to the pyrolysis of biomass (co-pyrolysis) seems to improve the sorptive properties of biochar (carbonaceous pyrolysis product).2 However, one of the technical limitations of this type of co-pyrolysis is the different densities between materials, which limits the proportion of plastic in the mixture or forces a plastic pre-treatment to increase its density.3 To solve this technical limitation, the capability of some insect larva species to chew plastics emerges as a low-cost alternative method.4 Taking advantage of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) voracity, we propose to use the frass (manure) from larvae fed with polystyrene (PS) and spend bread diets to produce biochar with upgraded features for enzymatic functionalization.
Poentiel des FCD pour l'estimation des débits
Creators: name: Comemale, Audrey
name: Costeseque, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FCD
débit
boucles électromagnétiques

description: La congestion est un phénomène courant et particulièrement perceptible dans les grandes agglomérations aux heures de pointe. Des outils pour le suivi des conditions de circulation et la gestion du trafic routier ont progressivement été développés. La connaissance des débits est un élément primordial pour les alimenter. Le débit caractérise le volume de véhicules s'écoulant en un point du réseau. Il est traditionnellement mesuré par des boucles électromagnétiques implantées dans la chaussée. Leur maintenance est néanmoins coûteuse et seuls quelques tronçons en sont équipés. L'essor du numérique a permis le développement de nombreuses sources de données dont le potentiel pour caractériser le trafic a augmenté avec le taux d'équipement des usagers. Parmi elles, se trouvent les données flottantes ou Floating Car Data (FCD) en anglais. Ces données sont issues d'appareils embarqués (que ce soit des capteurs propres aux véhicules ou les smartphones des occupants du véhicule) et fournissent des indications sur les déplacements d'un véhicule, dont la vitesse instantanée. Elles présentent l'avantage de couvrir l'ensemble des tronçons empruntés pendant le temps d'activation du capteur. Toutefois le taux de pénétration reste faible, de l'ordre de 5% à 10% selon les tronçons et les horaires. En outre, les FCD ne permettent pas, à elles seules, de connaître précisément le débit en un tronçon d'un réseau. La question de la combinaison des deux sources de données (à savoir comptages par boucles électromagnétiques et données FCD) pour améliorer la connaissance des débits sur un réseau se pose : comment tirer parti de la couverture FCD pour connaitre le débit en des points du réseau non équipés de boucles électromagnétiques ? Cette synthèse bibliographique rappelle les méthodes mises au point jusqu'à présent, à savoir les méthodes reposant sur la théorie du trafic et des méthodes reposant sur des algorithmes d'apprentissage automatique. Les études montrent que les données boucles restent nécessaires pour calibrer un modèle. La qualité des estimations dépend du calibrage du modèle mais aussi de l'identification de tronçons et de périodes temporelles aux caractéristiques similaires.
description: sciencesconf.org:jmrst2022:409247
Stabilization of second order nonlinear equations with variable delay
Creators: name: Berezansky, Leonid
name: Braverman, Elena
name: Idels, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a wide class of second order nonlinear non-autonomous models, we illustrate that combining proportional state control with the feedback that is proportional to the derivative of the chaotic signal, allows to stabilize unstable motions of the system. The delays are variable, which leads to more flexible controls permitting delay perturbations; only delay bounds are significant for stabilization by a delayed control. The results are applied to the sunflower equation which has an infinite number of equilibrium points.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, published in 2015 in International Journal of Control, non-autonomous second order delay differential equations, stabilization, proportional feedback, a controller with damping, derivative control, sunflower equation
Predicting the Yield of Small Transiting Exoplanets around Mid-M and Ultra-Cool Dwarfs in the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey
Creators: name: Tamburo, Patrick
name: Muirhead, Philip S.
name: Dressing, Courtney D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate the yield of small (0.5-4.0 R$_\oplus$) transiting exoplanets around single mid-M and ultra-cool dwarfs (UCDs) in the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey. We consider multiple approaches for simulating M3-T9 sources within the survey fields, including scaling local space densities and using Galactic stellar population synthesis models. These approaches independently predict $\sim$100,000 single mid-M dwarfs and UCDs brighter than a Roman F146 magnitude of 21 that are within the survey fields. Assuming planet occurrence statistics previously measured for early-to-mid M dwarfs, we predict that the survey will discover 1347$^{+208}_{-124}$ small transiting planets around these sources, each to a significance of 7.1$σ$ or greater. Significant departures from this prediction would test whether the occurrence rates of small planets increase or decrease around mid-M dwarfs and UCDs compared to early-M dwarfs. We predict the detection of 13$^{+4}_{-3}$ habitable, terrestrial planets ($R_p<$1.23 R$_\oplus$) in the survey. However, atmospheric characterization of these planets will be challenging with current or near-future space telescope facilities due to the faintness of the host stars. Nevertheless, accurate statistics for the occurrence of small planets around mid-M dwarfs and UCDs will enable direct tests of predictions from planet formation theories and will determine our understanding of planet demographics around the objects at the bottom of the main sequence. This understanding is critical given the prevalence of such objects in our Galaxy, whose planets may therefore comprise the bulk of the galactic census of exoplanets.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted to AJ
Uso de PBM (Plant Beneficial Microorganisms), una alternativa para la agricultura
Creators: name: Bernabé Allende, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Bacterias benéficas; fito-estimulación; semillas; plantas; recubrimiento con microorganismos

description: Resumen La agricultura moderna se ha valido del uso de pesticidas y fertilizantes químicos para satisfacer la demanda de alimentos, que aunque aumentan la producción de las plantas cultivadas traen consigo problemas al medio ambiente, ya que afectan a la composición del suelo e incluso se acumulan en los mismos alimentos [1]. Una alternativa más amigable con el entorno, es el uso de microorganismos benéficos PBM (por sus siglas en ingés; Plant Beneficial Microorganisms). El recubrimiento de semillas con este tipo de microorganismos se considera uno de los mejores métodos para promover la agricultura sostenible en donde se pueden mejorar las propiedades de la semilla y promover el crecimiento de la planta, ya que estos microorganismos proporcionan beneficios como la producción de fitohormonas, inhibición de patógenos, solubilización de fosfato, fijación de nitrógeno [2,3,4]. Las semillas recubiertas facilitan la siembra al agricultor y a su vez, las bacterias colonizan cuando la raíz emerge, incrementando el crecimiento de la planta y brindando protección frente a estrés biótico como plagas y enfermedades o estrés abiótico como es la sequía, cambios de temperatura, salinidad del suelo entre otros. El recubrimiento de semillas se ha utilizado en diferentes plantas con diferentes dimensiones y texturas, en el recubrimiento se han usado PBM como rizobios, bacterias y hongos que pueden aumentar la germinación de la semilla, el rendimiento de la planta y la tolerancia frente al estrés.
description: {"references": ["Razanakoto O.R., Raharimalala S., Sarobidy E.J.R.F., Rakotondravelo J.-.C., Autfray P., Razafimahatratra H.M. Why smallholder farms' practices are already agroecological despite conventional agriculture applied on market-gardening. Outlook Agric. 2021;50:80\u201389", "Fazeli-Nasab B., Piri R., Rahmani A.F. Plant Protection: From Chemicals to Biologicals. 2022. Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption; p. 225.", "Sudewi S., Ala A., Farid M. The isolation, characterization endophytic bacteria from roots of local rice plant Kamba in, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodivers. J. Biol. Divers. 2020;21", "Khalil A.T., Shinwari Z.K. Antifungal Metabolites of Rhizobacteria for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer; 2022. Utilization of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) against phytopathogens; pp. 53\u201363."]}
On the Multi-Reference Nature of Plutonium Oxides: PuO$_2^{2+}$, PuO$_2$, PuO$_3$ and PuO$_2$(OH)$_2$
Creators: name: Boguslawski, Katharina
name: Réal, Florent
name: Tecmer, Paweł
name: Duperrouzel, Corinne
name: Gomes, André Severo Pereira
name: Legeza, Örs
name: Ayers, Paul W.
name: Vallet, Valérie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Actinide-containing complexes present formidable challenges for electronic structure methods due to the large number of degenerate or quasi-degenerate electronic states arising from partially occupied 5f and 6d shells. Conventional multi-reference methods can treat active spaces that are often at the upper limit of what is required for a proper treatment of species with complex electronic structures, leaving no room for verifying their suitability. In this work we address the issue of properly defining the active spaces in such calculations, and introduce a protocol to determine optimal active spaces based on the use of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm and concepts of quantum information theory. We apply the protocol to elucidate the electronic structure and bonding mechanism of volatile plutonium oxides (PuO$_3$ and PuO$_2$(OH)$_2$), species associated with nuclear safety issues for which little is known about the electronic structure and energetics. We show how, within a scalar relativistic framework, orbital-pair correlations can be used to guide the definition of optimal active spaces which provide an accurate description of static/non-dynamic electron correlation, as well as to analyse the chemical bonding beyond a simple orbital model. From this bonding analysis we are able to show that the addition of oxo- or hydroxo-groups to the plutonium dioxide species considerably changes the pi-bonding mechanism with respect to the bare triatomics, resulting in bent structures with considerable multi-reference character.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Expanding RIB Capabilities at the Cyclotron Institute: \textsuperscript{3}He-LIG production with an Isobar Separator LSTAR
Creators: name: Melconian, D.
name: Berg, G. P. A.
name: Shidling, P. D.
name: Couder, M.
name: Brodeur, M.
name: Chubarian, G.
name: Iacob, V. E.
name: Klimo, J.
name: Tabacaru, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new \textsuperscript{3}He-driven IGISOL production station and mass separator have been designed to produce neutron-deficient low-mass isotopes at the Cyclotron Institute for the TAMUTRAP facility. The LSTAR design has a mass resolution $M/ΔM\geq 3, 000$ to reject contaminants with $\gt95\%$ efficiency.
description: Proceeding for EMIS 2022
Ontologies4Chem: Current chemical ontologies 4 research data management
Creators: name: Strömert, Philip
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Chemical Ontologies
NFDI4Chem

description: These are the slides for a introductory talk given at the NFDI4Chem Ontology Workshop on September 7th 2022. --- Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the National Research Data Infrastructure – NFDI4Chem – Projektnummer 441958208.
Experimental determination of whistler wave dispersion relation in the solar wind
Creators: name: Stansby, D.
name: Horbury, T. S.
name: Chen, C. H. K.
name: Matteini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origins and properties of large amplitude whistler wave packets in the solar wind are still unclear. In this Letter we utilise single spacecraft electric and magnetic field waveform measurements from the ARTEMIS mission to calculate the plasma frame frequency and wavevector of individual wave packets over multiple intervals. This allows direct comparison of experimental measurements with theoretical dispersion relations to identify the observed waves as whistler waves. The whistlers are right-hand circularly polarised, travel anti-sunward and are aligned with the background magnetic field. Their dispersion is strongly affected by the local electron parallel beta in agreement with linear theory. The properties measured are consistent with the electron heat flux instability acting in the solar wind to generate these waves.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood 1835
Creators: name: Gao, Cai-Xia
name: Li, Shu-Qiang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theridiidae
Phoroncidia
Phoroncidia aculeata

description: Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835 Phoroncidia aculeata Westwood, 1835: 453, pl. 22, fig. 19. Material examined. China, Yunnan, 1♀, Xishuangbanna, Menglun Nature Reserve, primary tropical seasonal rainforest (21º54.607'N, 101º17.005'E), 28 July 2007, Guo Zheng leg.; 1♂, Menglun Nature Reserve, primary tropical seasonal moist forest (21º57.445'N, 101º12.997'E), 30 July 2007, Guo Zheng leg. Distribution. China (Yunnan); India.
description: Published as part of Gao, Cai-Xia & Li, Shu-Qiang, 2014, Comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Southwest China, pp. 1-135 in Zoological Systematics 39 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11865/zs20140101, http://zenodo.org/record/7475365
Application of SIR epidemiological model: new trends
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Helena Sofia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The simplest epidemiologic model composed by mutually exclusive compartments SIR (susceptible-infected-susceptible) is presented to describe a reality. From health concerns to situations related with marketing, informatics or even sociology, several are the fields that are using this epidemiological model as a first approach to better understand a situation. In this paper, the basic transmission model is analyzed, as well as simple tools that allows us to extract a great deal of information about possible solutions. A set of applications - traditional and new ones - is described to show the importance of this model.
description: Please cite this paper as: Rodrigues, Helena Sofia (2016). Application of SIR epidemiological model: new trends, International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, 10: 92--97
Design and Manufacturing of Earthquake Resistance Bed
Creators: name: Khaffaf, Thulfiqar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
Earthquake engineering

description: This thesis describes the design and development of a bed that responds to earthquakes and protects the user. The bed uses sensors to detect earthquakes, moving the user to a lower position and away from potential hazards. The thesis explores the technical challenges involved in developing such a bed and evaluates its effectiveness in different earthquake scenarios. The bed has the potential to improve personal safety and save lives in earthquake-prone regions.
The physical properties of Spitzer/IRS galaxies derived from their UV to 22 $μ$m spectral energy distribution
Creators: name: Vika, Marina
name: Ciesla, Laure
name: Charmandaris, Vassilis
name: Xilouris, Emmanuel M.
name: Lebouteiller, Vianney
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the basic integrated physical properties of all the galaxies contained in the full CASSIS with available broad-band photometry from UV to 22 $μ$m. We have collected photometric measurements in 14 wavelengths from available public surveys in order to study the SED of each galaxy in CASSIS, thus constructing a final sample of 1,146 galaxies in the redshift range 0
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 13 pages, 3 tables, 11 figures
MicroRNA Dynamics in an Ex Vivo Model of Multiple Sclerosis and the Impact of miR-155 in Remyelination
Creators: name: Duffy, Conor
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 110703 Autoimmunity

description: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is widespread and represents a significant social and economic burden. Current therapeutics for the disease are largely ineffective at repairing the accumulating nervous system damage in progressive forms of the disease, and finding new interventions that can fulfil this role is a key goal of current research. Remyelination is the endogenous repair process that fails in patients with accumulating, unremitting symptoms, and microRNAs are increasingly appreciated to be key mediators in this process. However, many current models of remyelination are not well-characterized in terms of microRNA expression, and could be useful tools in examining pro-remyelination properties of microRNA-based interventions. The aim of my PhD project was to characterize the microRNA expression dynamics in a widely-used ex vivo brain slice model of demyelination and remyelination, and to investigate the role of miR-155 in the repair process. In Chapter 3 I perform a global assessment of microRNA expression in the brain slice model over the course of demyelination and remyelination, and select key microRNAs for further analysis; namely miR-155, miR-21, miR-146a, miR-219 and miR-9. I demonstrate that several important microRNAs in remyelination show interesting expression dynamics in the brain slice model, and that the expression patterns of several predicted MS-related targets of these microRNAs are consistent with microRNA regulation; predominantly Arg2, Stat3, Lpp, Aff1 and Sh3b3. Furthermore, I carry out an assessment of the inflammatory profile of the brain slices through the course of the remyelination model. Chapter 4 brings the focus to a particular microRNA, miR-155, that is known to be a key mediator of inflammation. I show that global loss of this microRNA is associated with reduced inflammation but not improved remyelination in the brain slice model, pointing to a unpredicted role for this microRNA in the repair process. I further demonstrate that targeted, cell-specific loss of miR-155 in microglia does not potentiate remyelination. Finally in Chapter 5 I explore pharmacological interventions that suppress miR-155, and find that combined stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 10 is associated with both enhanced remyelination and reduced inflammation, alongside miR-155 suppression. I further explore the 22 underpinnings of this treatment strategy and find that the mecahnisms of action may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory metabolic enzymes arginase 1 and arginase 2, the latter being a target of miR-155.
Optical tomography on graphs
Creators: name: Chung, Francis J.
name: Gilbert, Anna C.
name: Hoskins, Jeremy G.
name: Schotland, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an algorithm for solving inverse problems on graphs analogous to those arising in diffuse optical tomography for continuous media. In particular, we formulate and analyze a discrete version of the inverse Born series, proving estimates characterizing the domain of convergence, approximation errors, and stability of our approach. We also present a modification which allows additional information on the structure of the potential to be incorporated, facilitating recovery for a broader class of problems.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy-Decreasing Processes With $^4$He Superflows
Creators: name: Yu, Yongle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review on a recently proposed quantum exception to the second law of thermodynamics. We emphasize that $^4$He superflows, like any other forms of flows, shall carry entropy or heat in a thermal environment. Following that, one can use a heterogeneous $^4$He superflow loop to realize entropy-decreasing processes. We also mention that the heat content of a superflow has an unusual dependence on flow velocity, which is an important factor contributing to the entropy-decreasing processes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Phonon Anharmonicity in Bulk $T_d$-MoTe$_2$
Creators: name: Joshi, Jaydeep
name: Stone, Iris
name: Beams, Ryan
name: Krylyuk, Sergiy
name: Kalish, Irina
name: Davydov, Albert
name: Vora, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine anharmonic contributions to the optical phonon modes in bulk $T_d$-MoTe$_2$ through temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. At temperatures ranging from 100 K to 200 K, we find that all modes redshift linearly with temperature in agreement with the Grüneisen model. However, below 100 K we observe nonlinear temperature-dependent frequency shifts in some modes. We demonstrate that this anharmonic behavior is consistent with the decay of an optical phonon into multiple acoustic phonons. Furthermore, the highest frequency Raman modes show large changes in intensity and linewidth near $T\approx 250$ K that correlate well with the $T_d \to 1T^\prime$ structural phase transition. These results suggest that phonon-phonon interactions can dominate anharmonic contributions at low temperatures in bulk $T_d$-MoTe$_2$, an experimental regime that is currently receiving attention in efforts to understand Weyl semimetals.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
On the astronomical origin of the Hallstatt oscillation found in radiocarbon and climate records throughout the Holocene
Creators: name: Scafetta, Nicola
name: Milani, Franco
name: Bianchini, Antonio
name: Ortolani, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An oscillation with a period of about 2100-2500 years, the Hallstatt cycle, is found in cosmogenic radioisotopes (C-14 and Be-10) and in paleoclimate records throughout the Holocene. Herein we demonstrate the astronomical origin of this cycle. Namely, this oscillation is coherent to the major stable resonance involving the four Jovian planets - Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune - whose period is p=2318 yr. The Hallstatt cycle could derive from the rhythmic variation of the circularity of the solar system disk assuming that this dynamics could eventually modulate the solar wind and, consequently, the incoming cosmic ray flux and/or the interplanetary/cosmic dust concentration around the Earth-Moon system. The orbit of the planetary mass center (PMC) relative to the Sun is used as a proxy. We analyzed how the instantaneous eccentricity vector of this virtual orbit varies from 13,000 B. C. to 17,000 A. D.. We found that it undergoes kind of pulsations as it clearly presents rhythmic contraction and expansion patterns with a 2318 yr period together with a number of already known faster oscillations associated to the planetary orbital stable resonances. We found that a fast expansion of the Sun-PMC orbit followed by a slow contraction appears to prevent cosmic rays to enter within the system inner region while a slow expansion followed by a fast contraction favors it. Similarly, the same dynamics could modulate the amount of interplanetary/cosmic dust falling on Earth. These would then cause both the radionucleotide production and climate change by means of a cloud/albedo modulation. Other stable orbital resonance frequencies (e.g. at periods of 20 yr, 45 yr, 60 yr, 85 yr, 159-171-185 yr, etc.) are found in radionucleotide, solar, aurora and climate records, as determined in the scientific literature. Thus, the result supports a planetary theory of solar and/or climate variation.
description: 36 pages, 14 figures, 1 table
Saturation of the f-mode instability in neutron stars: II. Applications and results
Creators: name: Pnigouras, Pantelis
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results on the saturation of the f-mode instability in neutron stars, due to nonlinear mode coupling. Emission of gravitational waves drives the f-mode (fundamental mode) unstable in fast-rotating, newborn neutron stars. The initial growth phase of the mode is followed by its saturation, because of energy leaking to other modes of the star. The saturation point determines the strain of the generated gravitational-wave signal, which can then be used to extract information about the neutron star equation of state. The parent (unstable) mode couples via parametric resonances with pairs of daughter modes, with the triplets' evolution exhibiting a rich variety of behaviors. We study both supernova- and merger-derived neutron stars, simply modeled as polytropes in a Newtonian context, and show that the parent may couple to many different daughter pairs during the star's evolution through the instability window, with the saturation amplitude changing by orders of magnitude.
description: 20 pages, 12 PDF figures, uses cleveref.sty; accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Kaili, the homeland of 100 festivals: Space, music, and sound in a small city
Creators: name: Kendall, Paul
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2014

description: This thesis examines the production of social space in Kaili, a small city in southwest China, through its branding as “the homeland of one hundred festivals”, inhabitants’ conceptualizations of music, amateur music-making practices, and the construction of the built environment. Drawing on Henri Lefebvre's triad of social space as a basic framework, I explore the complexity of the city through multiple aspects of the relationship between space, music and sound: how the built environment of post-Mao China hinders and hides amateur music, even in a city branded as a place of authentic (yuanshengtai) ethnic folk music; how disparities between the branding and living of Kaili have produced a discourse whereby citizens relocate authentic musical practices to an imagined rural space outside the city; and how amateur musicians have constructed hierarchies of amateur musical space within the city. This thesis makes a distinctive contribution across a range of disciplinary and theoretical interests: Chinese studies, multi-disciplinary debates about Lefebvre’s spatial theory, and urban studies. For Chinese studies, it gives detailed scrutiny to Lefebvre’s spatial theory in considering the historical and recent formation of urban space in China, and in so doing goes beyond the truism that social space is socially produced. It intervenes in ongoing discussions about Lefebvrian theory outside the parameters of Chinese studies, by grounding what has been a predominantly abstract discussion in ethnographically and textually-based research. My discussion of city branding and everyday musical activity elaborates Lefebvre’s theory, both modifying and adding to his triad of perceived, conceived and lived space.
The H$α$ broadband photometric reverberation mapping of four Seyfert 1 galaxies
Creators: name: Ma, Qinchun
name: Wu, Xue-Bing
name: Gu, Huapeng
name: Wen, Yuhan
name: Fu, Yuming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Broadband photometric reverberation mapping (PRM) have been investigated for AGNs in recent years, but mostly on accretion disk continuum RM. Due to the small fraction of broad emission lines in the broadband, PRM for emission lines is very challenging. Here we present an ICCF-Cut method for broadband PRM to obtain the H$α$ broad line lag and apply it to four Seyfert 1 galaxies, MCG+08-11-011, NGC 2617, 3C 120 and NGC 5548. All of them have high quality broadband lightcurves with daily/sub-daily cadence, which enables us to extract H$α$ lightcurves from the line band by subtracting the contributions from the continuum and host galaxy. Their extracted H$α$ lightcurves are compared with the lagged continuum band lightcurves, as well as the lagged H$β$ lightcurves obtained by spectroscopic RM (SRM) at the same epochs. The consistency of these lightcurves and the comparison with the SRM H$β$ lags provide supports to the H$α$ lags of these AGNs, in a range from 9 to 19 days, obtained by the ICCF-Cut, JAVELIN and $χ^2$ methods. The simulations to evaluate the reliability of H$α$ lags and the comparisons between SRM H$β$ and PRM H$α$ lags indicate that the consistency of the ICCF-Cut, JAVELIN and $χ^2$ results can ensure the reliability of the derived H$α$ lags. These methods may be used to estimate the broad line region sizes and black hole masses of a large sample of AGNs in the large multi-epoch high cadence photometric surveys such as LSST in the future.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Dynamics of neutrino lumps in growing neutrino quintessence
Creators: name: Casas, Santiago
name: Pettorino, Valeria
name: Wetterich, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation and dissipation of large scale neutrino structures in cosmologies where the time evolution of dynamical dark energy is stopped by a growing neutrino mass. In models where the coupling between neutrinos and dark energy grows with the value of the scalar cosmon field, the evolution of neutrino lumps depends on the neutrino mass. For small masses the lumps form and dissolve periodically, leaving only a small backreaction of the neutrino structures on the cosmic evolution. This process heats the neutrinos to temperatures much above the photon temperature such that neutrinos acquire again an almost relativistic equation of state. The present equation of state of the combined cosmon-neutrino fluid is very close to -1. In contrast, for larger neutrino masses the lumps become stable. The highly concentrated neutrino structures entail a large backreaction similar to the case of a constant neutrino-cosmon coupling. A present average neutrino mass of around 0.5 eV seems so far compatible with observation. For masses lower than this value, neutrino induced gravitational potentials remain small, making the lumps difficult to detect.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
TeV Cosmic-Ray Anisotropy from the Magnetic Field at the Heliospheric Boundary
Creators: name: López-Barquero, Vanessa
name: Xu, S.
name: Desiati, P.
name: Lazarian, A.
name: Pogorelov, N. V.
name: Yan, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed numerical calculations to test the suggestion by Desiati & Lazarian (2013) that the anisotropies of TeV cosmic rays may arise from their interactions with the heliosphere. For this purpose, we used a magnetic field model of the heliosphere and performed direct numerical calculations of particle trajectories. Unlike earlier papers testing the idea, we did not employ time-reversible techniques that are based on Liouville's theorem. We showed numerically that for scattering by the heliosphere the conditions of Liouville's theorem are not satisfied and the adiabatic approximation and time-reversibility of the particle trajectories are not valid. Our results indicate sensitivity to the magnetic structure of the heliospheric magnetic field, and we expect that this will be useful for probing this structure in future research.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to ApJ
Strong Magnetic field effects on Neutron Stars within $f(T)$ theory of gravity
Creators: name: Ganiou, M. G.
name: Aïnamon, C.
name: Houndjo, M. J. S.
name: Tossa, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate in this paper the structures of neutron stars under the strong magnetic field in the framework of $f(T)$ gravity where $T$ denotes the scalar torsion. The TOV equations in this theory of gravity have been considered and numerical resolution of these equations has been performed within perturbative approach taking into account the equation of state of neutron dense matter in magnetic field. We simplify the problem by considering the very strong magnetic field which affects considerably the dense matter; and for quadratic and cubic corrections to Teleparallel term, one finds that the mass of neutron stars can increase for different values of the perturbation parameter. The deviation from Teleparallel for different values of magnetic field is found out and this feature is very appreciable in the case of cubic correction. Our results are related to the hadronic particles description with very small hyperon contributions and the mass-radius evolution is consistency with the observational data.
description: 23 pages and 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.5774 by other authors
Perturbations on and off de Sitter brane in anti-de Sitter bulk
Creators: name: Libanov, M.
name: Rubakov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by holographic models of (pseudo)conformal Universe, we carry out complete analysis of linearized metric perturbations in the time-dependent two-brane setup of the Lykken-Randall type. We present the equations of motion for the scalar, vector and tensor perturbations and identify light modes in the spectrum, which are scalar radion and transverse-traceless graviton. We show that there are no other modes in the discrete part of the spectrum. We pay special attention to properties of light modes and show, in particular, that the radion has red power spectrum at late times, as anticipated on holographic grounds. Unlike the graviton, the radion survives in the single-brane limit, when one of the branes is sent to the adS boundary. These properties imply that potentially observable features characteristic of the 4d (pseudo)conformal cosmology, such as statistical anisotropy and specific shapes of non-Gaussianity, are inherent also in holographic conformal models as well as in brane world inflation.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures
Ammonia excitation imaging of shocked gas towards the W28 gamma-ray source HESS J1801-233
Creators: name: Maxted, Nigel I.
name: de Wilt, Phoebe
name: Rowell, Gavin P.
name: Nicholas, Brent P.
name: Burton, Michael. G.
name: Walsh, Andrew
name: Fukui, Yasuo
name: Kawamura, Akiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 12 mm Mopra observations of the dense (>10^3 cm^-3 ) molecular gas towards the north-east (NE) of the W28 supernova remnant (SNR). This cloud is spatially well-matched to the TeV gamma-ray source HESS J1801-233 and is known to be a SNR-molecular cloud interaction region. Shock-disruption is evident from broad NH3 (1,1) spectral line-widths in regions towards the W28 SNR, while strong detections of spatially-extended NH3(3,3), NH3(4,4) and NH3(6,6) inversion emission towards the cloud strengthen the case for the existence of high temperatures within the cloud. Velocity dispersion measurements and NH3(n,n)/(1,1) ratio maps, where n=2, 3, 4 and 6, indicate that the source of disruption is from the side of the cloud nearest to the W28 SNR, suggesting that it is the source of cloud-disruption. Towards part of the cloud, the ratio of ortho to para-NH3 is observed to exceed 2, suggesting gas-phase NH3 enrichment due to NH3 liberation from dust grain mantles. The measured NH3 abundance with respect to H2 is ~(1.2+/-0.5)*10^-9, which is not high, as might be expected for a hot, dense molecular cloud enriched by sublimated grain-surface molecules. The results are suggestive of NH3 sublimation and destruction in this molecular cloud, which is likely to be interacting with the W28 SNR shock.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society (MNRAS)