cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CPEPh-Na/MoO3 Bi-stack Hole Interfacial Layers for Enhancing the Performance of Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Moustafa, E.
name: Pallarès, J.
name: Marsal, L.F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films; Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 331-334
description: The interface-associated organic photovoltaics (OPVs) devices consider a vital issue that affects their overall performance. Accordingly, in the present work, we demonstrated an efficient interfacial modification through using conjugated poly electrolytes (CPE) to modulate the barrier for charge injection into the semiconducting layers and in turn improve the device performance Herein, we report an aqueous conjugated poly electrolyte of PCPDTPhSO3-Na as a buffer interlayer to modify the interface between the hole transporting layer (HTL) of MoO3 and the active blend of PM6:Y7 in an inverted device architecture of ITO/ZnO/PM6:Y7/HTL/Ag. This bi-stack modulates the interfacial traps through diminishing the accumulated charges and in turn, enhances the transfer and the collection of the generated current. Accordingly, the PCPDTPhSO3-Na/MoO3 based devices exhibited higher short circuit current density than the MoO3 based ones by 8 %, and the fill factor was further enhanced by 5 %, consequently, the power conversion efficiency improved by 14 %.
The Effect of Heated Depositions on the Efficacy of Molybdenum Nitride Barrier Layers for CIGS Back Contact Applications
Creators: name: Welch, L.M.
name: Benhaddou, N.
name: Bowers, J.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films; Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 335-338
description: Molybdenum nitride barrier layers have been previously shown to be effective in preventing the excessive ingress of selenium into the back contact of CIGS solar cells during a high temperature selenisation. Heated depositions have also been shown to decrease the sheet resistance of sputtered molybdenum, with the potential to produce superior back contacts. However, the effect of temperature on the molybdenum nitride barrier layers is unknown. In this work, heated depositions and vacuum annealing of molybdenum and molybdenum nitride barrier layers were carried out to investigate the effects on the barrier layer. While heated depositions and vacuum anneals were found to be beneficial for the molybdenum layers, reducing the resistivity, they were found to lower the efficacy of the molybdenum nitride barrier layer. A survivability study found that heated depositions and vacuum annealing dramatically increased the chance of the selenium diffusion barrier failing, followed by the excessive formation of molybdenum selenide.
Role of Ion Migration on the S-type J-V Characteristics of Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Sivadas, D.
name: Nair, P.R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 320-323
description: Many reports attribute the origin of S-type characteristics in the thin film solar cells to interface recombination and energy level mismatch between materials. However, along with interface degradation and non-ideal energy levels of materials, ion migration is an unavoidable phenomenon in perovskite solar cells whose impact on the S-type characteristics is not well established. Here, we use a double diode approach to study the formation of S-type characteristics, in which the first diode characteristics is due to the energy level offset, interface recombination and ion distribution. The second one is the conventional diode which represents the drift and diffusion current in the device. Insights from the study also provide theoretical explanation on different shapes of S kink seen in the J-V characteristics using double diode approach.
title: La conciliación de la estética y la ética en el arte animalista contemporáneo
title: The conciliation of aesthetics and ethics in contemporary animalist art
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: GUTIÉRREZ-JORDANO, Carmen
Publisher: name: Universidad del Zulia
Year: 2025

description: Este artículo aborda el problema de las relaciones entre estética y ética en el arte animalista. El punto de partida es la afirmación del arte como ámbito adecuado para tratar el maltrato y la crueldad que los animales reciben por parte de los seres humanos. Los animales se usan por un arte sin intención animalista y con pretensiones simbólicas, o por un arte propiamente animalista. El problema ético principal que se plantea afecta al arte animalista que, con la intención de defender éticamente a los animales, los trata cruelmente. El método del trabajo es la interpretación hermenéutica de textos y obras de arte. El objetivo es aclarar el problema de la conciliación de lo estético y lo ético en el arte animalista actual. Se concluye que la solución al problema de la relación entre estética y ética reside en que lo estético sea algo interior a lo ético.
description: This article addresses the problem of the relationship between aesthetics and ethics in animalist art. The starting point is the affirmation of art as a suitable field to deal with the maltreatment and cruelty that animals receive from human beings. The animals are used by an art without animalistic intention and with symbolic pretensions, or by a properly animalistic art. The main ethical problem that arises concerns animalistic art, which, with the intention of ethically defending animals, treats them cruelly. The method of the work is the hermeneutic interpretation of texts and works of art. The objective is to clarify the problem of the reconciliation of the aesthetic and the ethical in current animalistic art. It is concluded that the solution to the problem of the relationship between aesthetics and ethics lies in the fact that the aesthetic is something internal to the ethical.
Growth of ZnO Films by Plasma Assisted Reactive Evaporation with Improved Thickness Homogeneity
Creators: name: Gordillo, G.
name: Peña, J.C.
name: Piña, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films; Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 324-327
description: This work focuses on the development and evaluation of a system for the deposition of ZnO thin films with improved thickness homogeneity and suitable optoelectrical properties to be used as TCO layer in solar cells, using the Plasma Assisted Reactive Evaporation (PARE) method. This development made it possible to significantly improve the inhomogeneity of the thickness of the ZnO films that were deposited using a previous version of the PARE system developed by our Group. Through modeling and theoretical simulation of the processes that take place during the deposition of ZnO thin films by the PARE method, information was obtained that allowed the implementation of a reactor with a novel design that allowed the growth of large-area ZnO films with good homogeneity in thickness. By optimizing the preparation parameters, it was possible to deposit large area ZnO thin films with similar values of resistivity and transmittance than those obtained with small area ZnO films deposited using the previous version of the reactor. ZnO films with resistivities varying between 9.5*10-4 and 2*104 Ωcm and transmittances greater than 85% (in the visible region) were achieved.
Increasing coupling of probabilistic cellular automata
Creators: name: Louis, Pierre-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 60E15, 60J10, 82C20, 37B15, 68W10

description: We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an increasing coupling of $N$ ($N \geq 2$) synchronous dynamics on $S^{\mathbb Z^d}$(PCA). Increasing means the coupling preserves stochastic ordering. We first present our main construction theorem in the case where $S$ is totally ordered, applications to attractive PCA's are given. When $S$ is only partially ordered, we show on two examples that a coupling of more than two synchronous dynamics may not exist. We also prove an extension of our main result for a particular class of partially ordered spaces.
Firm-Level Determinants of Export Performance of Ethiopian Tanneries
Creators: name: Abiy, Abaineh
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of firm-level determinants of export performance on Ethiopian Tanneries. Accordingly, explanatory research design was applied using census technique and all tanneries which engaged in export operation were selected. The census method was used by considering the target population and sampling frame is small and taking a sample from it would give insufficient response to generalize. Primary data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire and semi-structured interview that was submitted to 6 respondents in the respective tanneries and the response rate was 70.11%. Secondary data about tanneries export sales values was collected from ELIDI. The result of secondary data analysis showed that tanneries export performance has been declining consistently. A correlation analysis between the three independent variables and the dependent variable was conducted. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that there was moderate correlation between Management Characteristic and Export Performance, between Export Marketing Strategic Capabilities Characteristics and Export Performance. However, the correlation between Firm Characteristic and Export Performance was insignificant. The study went on to regress the 18 factors which are under the three independent variables namely, Firm Characteristic, Management Characteristic and Export Marketing Strategic Capabilities Characteristics against the dependent variable (export performance) so as to estimate the relationship between the firm-level determinant factors and export performance of the tanneries. The findings of the regression analysis revealed that 12 out of the 18 factors have shown significant effect to determine the export performance of the tanneries whereas; the remaining 6 factors have shown insignificant effect. The study recommends that more internal & external factors should be explored in the literature so as to uncover more factors that are important in the determination of export performance of Ethiopian tanneries.
Effect of the Sb/Se Ratio on the Structural, Morphological and Electrical Properties of SbxSey Films
Creators: name: Razykov, T.M.
name: Bosio, A.
name: Pasini, S.
name: Ergashev, B.A.
name: Isakov, D.Z.
name: Kouchkarov, K.M.
name: Khurramov, R.R.
name: Makhmudov, M.A.
name: Mavlonov, A.A.
name: Romeo, A.
name: Romeo, N.
name: Utamuradova, Sh.B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
CI(G)S, CdTe and Related Thin Films; Organic and Dye-Sensitised Devices

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 328-330
description: At the present, attention of many researchers is focused on Sb2Se3, Sb2S3 and Sb2(Sx, Se1-x)3 chalcogenide compounds. This is due to the physical properties of these materials, such as p-type conductivity, band gap Eg = 1.1÷1.8 eV, high absorption coefficient 105cm-1 (for visible solar radiation), low melting point (823K and 885K for Sb2Se3 and for Sb2S3 respectively) and high partial pressure, which make these materials suitable for use as an absorbing layer in high efficiency thin film solar cells. In this work, we presented the effect of the Sb/Se ratio on the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of SbxSey films. SbxSey films were fabricated by chemical molecular beam deposition (CMBD) method from Sb and Se precursors at a substrate temperature of 500 at atmospheric pressure hydrogen flow. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis show that all films have a crystallite size of 2÷3 μm and an orthorhombic crystal structure. The electrical conductivity of the films varies in the range of ~10-5÷ 102(Ohm • cm)-1 depending on Sb/Se ratio which was measured by van der Pauw method.
Weak solution of Parabolic complex Monge-Ampére equation II
Creators: name: Do, Hoang-Son
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31B35, 35K55, 32U99

description: We study the Parabolic complex Monge-Ampére equation in a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain in \mathbb{C}^n, with the boundary condition u=φand the initial condition u=u_0. In this paper, we consider the case where φis smooth and u_0 is an arbitrary plurisubharmonic function in a neighbourhood of Ωsatisfying u_0=φ(.,0) on the boundary of Ω.
description: 15 pages
Symmetries and Invariants in Higher-Spin Theory
Creators: name: Vasiliev, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General aspects of higher-spin gauge theory and unfolded formulation are briefly recalled with some emphasize on the recent results on the breaking of $sp(8)$ symmetry by current interactions and construction of invariant functionals relevant to the higher-spin holography.
description: 18 pages, Contribution to the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Higher Spin Gauge Theories, 4-6 November 2015, Singapore
Short range ordering of heavy element columns in nickel based superalloys
Creators: name: Luo, Yushi
name: Zhang, Lihui
name: Wang, Yumei
name: Ge, Binghui
name: Guo, Wei
name: Zhan, Jie
name: zhang, Jianxin
name: Zhu, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To obtain comprehensive performance, heavy elements were added into superalloys for solid solution hardening. In this article, it is found by scanning transmission electron microscope observation that rather than distribute randomly heavy-atom columns prefer to align along <100> and <110> direction and form a short-range ordering with the heavy-element stripes 1-2 nm in length. Due to the strong bonding strength between the refractory elements and Ni atoms, this short-range ordering will be beneficial to the mechanical performances.
Investigation of Perovskite Solar Cells Stability through Impedance Spectroscopy and Dark Current-voltage Characterizations
Creators: name: Matacena, I.
name: Lancellotti, L.
name: Guerriero, P.
name: Alfano, B.
name: Bobeico, E.
name: De Maria, A.
name: La Ferrara, V.
name: Mercaldo, L.V.
name: MIglietta, M.
name: Polichetti, T.
name: Rametta, G.
name: Sannino, G.V.
name: Delli Veneri, P.
name: Daliento, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 313-315
description: The aim of this work is the study of the degradation of two different PSCs. A PSC with undoped SnO2 ETL was compared to a PSC with ETL made of G-SnO2. Degradation was monitored by performing both impedance spectroscopy and dark I-V measurements. Experimental data were collected just immediately after fabrication and after one week. It was observed that the degradation of the solar cells affects both the AC behavior of the devices, modifying associated Nyquist plots, and the DC behavior, observable from dark current-voltage curves. From the Nyquist plots a quantitative analysis was performed by comparing the parameters of a proper equivalent circuit model. Results were coherent with those achieved with DC analysis, thus providing that the arising from these two techniques allows to gain a deeper knowledge of the degradation phenomena.
Homogeneous one-dimensional Bose-Einstein Condensate in the Bogoliubov's Regime
Creators: name: Castellanos, Elías
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the corrections caused by finite size effects upon the ground state properties of a homogeneous one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate. We assume from the very beginning that the Bogoliubov's formalism is valid and consequently we show that in order to obtain a well defined ground state properties, finite size effects of the system must be taken into account. Indeed, the formalism described in the present work allows to recover the usual properties related to the ground state of a homogeneous one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate but corrected by finite size effects of the system. Finally, this scenario allows us to analyze the sensitivity of the system when the Bogoliubov's regime is valid and when finite size effects are present. These facts open the possibility to apply these ideas to more realistic scenarios, e.g., low-dimensional trapped Bose-Einstein condensates.
description: 5 pages
Stability Assessment of Perovskite Cells with H3pp Molecule Additives at Different Loading Conditions
Creators: name: Paraskeva, V.
name: Hadjipanayi, M.
name: Norton, M.
name: Hayes, S.C.
name: Charalambous, N.
name: Pereyra, C.
name: Lira-Cantú, M.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 316-319
description: Additive engineering in perovskite devices has been explored in the last few years towards enhancing photovoltaic performance and stability. Control of the morphology, grain boundary, grain size, charge recombination and density of defect states in the perovskite layer are important for the optimization of the perovskite-based devices. In this work, we study the stability testing of perovskite cells with and without 3-phosphonopropionic acid (H3pp) additives in the active perovskite layer at different loading conditions in an attempt to detect differences in their photocurrent and External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) spectrum due to the different loading conditions. Raman spectroscopy and spatially-resolved Electroluminescence (EL) techniques were applied before and after degradation of the samples to detect differences in their molecular composition and defect evolution respectively. Measurements revealed the higher stability of the perovskite with H3pp additives and the larger impact of loading conditions in those cells. EQE measurements established higher reduction of the EQE values in the control cells (cells without additives). Finally, spatially-resolved EL measurements indicated larger recombination losses in control cells while Raman measurements demonstrated changes in the Formamidinium (FA) cation composition in the control cells.
Compendium of Models from a Gauge U(1) Framework
Creators: name: Ma, Ernest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gauge U(1) framework was established in 2002 to extend the supersymmetric standard model. It has many possible realizations. Whereas all have the necessary and sufficient ingredients to explain the possible 750 GeV diphoton excess, observed recently by the ATLAS Collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), they differ in other essential aspects. A compendium of such models is discussed.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, statements corrected
A Quantum Extended Kalman Filter
Creators: name: Emzir, Muhammad F.
name: Woolley, Matthew J.
name: Petersen, Ian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A stochastic filter uses a series of measurements over time to produce estimates of unknown variables based on a dynamic model. For a quantum system, such an algorithm is provided by a quantum filter, which is also known as a stochastic master equation (SME). For a linear quantum system subject to linear measurements and Gaussian noise, the quantum filter reduces to a quantum Kalman filter. In this article, we introduce a quantum extended Kalman filter (quantum EKF), which applies a commutative approximation and a time-varying linearization to non-commutative quantum stochastic differential equations (QSDEs). We will show that there are conditions under which a filter similar to the classical EKF can be implemented for quantum systems. The boundedness of estimation errors and the filtering problems with `state-dependent' covariances for process and measurement noises are also discussed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the quantum EKF by applying it to systems which involve multiple modes, nonlinear Hamiltonians and simultaneous jump-diffusive measurements.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures
Detecting continuous spontaneous localisation with charged bodies in a Paul trap
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Steane, Andrew M.
name: Bedingham, Daniel
name: Briggs, G. Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuous spontaneous localisation (CSL) is a model that captures the effects of a class of extensions to quantum theory which are expected to result from quantum gravity, and is such that wavefunction collapse is a physical process. The rate of such a process could be very much lower than the upper bounds set by searches to date, and yet still modify greatly the interpretation of quantum mechanics and solve the quantum measurement problem. Consequently experiments are sought to explore this. We describe an experiment that has the potential to extend sensitivity to CSL by many orders of magnitude. The method is to detect heating of the motion of charged macroscopic objects confined in a Paul trap. We discuss the detection and the chief noise sources. We find that CSL with standard parameters could be observed using a vibration-isolated ion trap of size 1 cm at ultra-low pressure, with optical interferometric detection.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Deflation-accelerated preconditioning of the Poisson-Neumann Schur problem on long domains with a high-order discontinuous element-based collocation method
Creators: name: Joshi, Sumedh M.
name: Thomsen, Greg N.
name: Diamessis, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combination of block-Jacobi and deflation preconditioning is used to solve a high-order discontinuous collocation-based discretization of the Schur complement of the Poisson-Neumann system as arises in the operator splitting of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The preconditioners and deflation vectors are chosen to mitigate the effects of ill-conditioning due to highly-elongated domains and to achieve GMRES convergence independent of the size of the grid. The ill-posedness of the Poisson-Neumann system manifests as an inconsistency of the Schur complement problem, but it is shown that this can be accounted for with appropriate projections out of the null space of the Schur matrix without affecting the accuracy of the solution. The combined deflation/block-Jacobi preconditioning is compared with two-level non-overlapping additive Schwarz preconditioning of the Schur problem, and while both methods achieve convergence independent of the grid size, deflation is shown to require half as many GMRES iterations and $25\%$ less wall-clock time for a variety of grid sizes and domain aspect ratios. The deflation methods shown to be effective for the two-dimensional Poisson-Neumann problem are extensible to the three-dimensional problem assuming a Fourier discretization in the third dimension.
title: Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus–Senftenberg, 2023,21 (27.09.2023)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: BTU  Cottbus - Senftenberg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: Vierte Änderungssatzung zur fachspezifischen Prüfungs- und Studienordnung für den Master-Studiengang Euro Hydroinformatics and Water Management (EuroAquae) vom 26. September 2023
description: Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus–Senftenberg; 2023, H. 21
Next-Term Student Performance Prediction: A Recommender Systems Approach
Creators: name: Sweeney, Mack
name: Rangwala, Huzefa
name: Lester, Jaime
name: Johri, Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An enduring issue in higher education is student retention to successful graduation. National statistics indicate that most higher education institutions have four-year degree completion rates around 50 percent, or just half of their student populations. While there are prediction models which illuminate what factors assist with college student success, interventions that support course selections on a semester-to-semester basis have yet to be deeply understood. To further this goal, we develop a system to predict students' grades in the courses they will enroll in during the next enrollment term by learning patterns from historical transcript data coupled with additional information about students, courses and the instructors teaching them. We explore a variety of classic and state-of-the-art techniques which have proven effective for recommendation tasks in the e-commerce domain. In our experiments, Factorization Machines (FM), Random Forests (RF), and the Personalized Multi-Linear Regression model achieve the lowest prediction error. Application of a novel feature selection technique is key to the predictive success and interpretability of the FM. By comparing feature importance across populations and across models, we uncover strong connections between instructor characteristics and student performance. We also discover key differences between transfer and non-transfer students. Ultimately we find that a hybrid FM-RF method can be used to accurately predict grades for both new and returning students taking both new and existing courses. Application of these techniques holds promise for student degree planning, instructor interventions, and personalized advising, all of which could improve retention and academic performance.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Journal of Educational Data Mining (JEDM)
Characterization and Degradation of Perovskite Mini-Modules
Creators: name: Ebner, R.
name: Újvári, G.
name: Mittal, A.
name: Hadjipanayi, M.
name: Paraskeva, V.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
name: Hadipour, A.
name: Aguirre, A.
name: Aernouts, T.
name: Fontanot, T.
name: Pechmann, S.
name: Christiansen, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 302-305
description: With their exceptional optoelectronic properties, compatibility with low-cost and large-scale fabrication methods, organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites are poised to revolutionize the next generation of photovoltaics. The leap forward in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) enabled by lead halide perovskites is unprecedented, with PCEs emerging from 3.8% in its first study to a current certified value of 25.5% in single-junction and 29.52% in perovskite-silicon tandem devices [1-3]. The main challenge for the successful commercialization of perovskite solar cells is to achieve high stability at the module level. The commercially available solar modules undergo a series of characterization procedures that analyze their properties and ensure their quality. However, these procedures and protocols cannot unambiguously be applied to perovskite solar modules (PSM). To this end, more advanced characterization methods are needed to understand the degradation mechanisms in the PSM. In this context, optical and electrical measurement methods are effectively employed in quality control and development support and are essential characterization tools in industry and research.
Computational Security of Quantum Encryption
Creators: name: Alagic, Gorjan
name: Broadbent, Anne
name: Fefferman, Bill
name: Gagliardoni, Tommaso
name: Schaffner, Christian
name: Jules, Michael St.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum-mechanical devices have the potential to transform cryptography. Most research in this area has focused either on the information-theoretic advantages of quantum protocols or on the security of classical cryptographic schemes against quantum attacks. In this work, we initiate the study of another relevant topic: the encryption of quantum data in the computational setting. In this direction, we establish quantum versions of several fundamental classical results. First, we develop natural definitions for private-key and public-key encryption schemes for quantum data. We then define notions of semantic security and indistinguishability, and, in analogy with the classical work of Goldwasser and Micali, show that these notions are equivalent. Finally, we construct secure quantum encryption schemes from basic primitives. In particular, we show that quantum-secure one-way functions imply IND-CCA1-secure symmetric-key quantum encryption, and that quantum-secure trapdoor one-way permutations imply semantically-secure public-key quantum encryption.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures
MPEC 2023-E104 : 2023 EA2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 EA2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared in Ambient Conditions based on an HTM-Free Architecture that has a Back Contact Deposited from a Paste made with Graphite, Black Carbon, Mai and PVDF Dispersed in Chlorobenzene
Creators: name: Montes, C.
name: Ocaña, L.
name: González-Diaz, B.
name: González-Pérez, S.
name: Llarena, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 306-312
description: In this work an improved carbon-based composite and a simplified architecture has been developed to produce and deposit a back contact to fabricate HTM-free Perovskite Solar Cells in ambient conditions. A batch of cells were produced that had efficiencies stabilized at about 1%, with a record value of 1.646%. Estimations of the devices’ serial and shunt resistances were also obtained, resulting on 2kΩ and 200Ω respectively, which indicates that, on the one hand, they are still too inefficient at allowing the flow of the photo-generated electrons and, on the other, that alternative recombination pathways yet exist, which further hamper their efficiencies. Also, the observed phenomena of IV curve hysteresis (between the forward and reverse measurements), together with a yellowing of the perovskite layers after completing a set of tests under continuous illumination, suggest that substantial ionic shift happens in the crystal lattice, that also contributed to its degradation. In order to compensate these effects, different strategies were proposed, which will be tested in future iterations.
Management response to employee turnover in a banking industry in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tesfaye, Bezu
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The main objective of this research is to identify the major factors influencing employee turnover and management response in Ethiopian bank industry and provide professional advices that would help the bank to reduce turnover and retain its competent personnel. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather information through the utilization of a questionnaire and interviews. In order to collect primary data, a questionnaire was designed and administered to both current and ex-employees of bank industry. In addition, interview was conducted with the management of banks and the HR department personnel. The primary data was collected by distributing structured questionnaire for 225 bank employees of seven banks by using stratified random sampling. The study showed detailed discussion of major causes for professional employees' turnover such as salaries and benefits, work environment, work environment, relationship of management and supervisor with their subordinates, hopping job and related factor, and management approach as a reason for turnover to leave or stay and management response in employment turnover. Therefore the researcher has recommended that the bank has to revise its compensation policy like salary scale and other benefit package, smooth relationship between management and employees and creates good working environment in order to reduce turnover intention and retain its employee.
Testing EVA, PMMA and PVDF Encapsulated Perovskite Solar Cells in a Climatic Chamber by Following the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS-T) Protocols
Creators: name: Ocaña, L.
name: Montes, C.
name: González-Diaz, B.
name: González-Pérez, S.
name: Llarena, E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 291-295
description: The Solar Cell Laboratory from the Instituto Tecnológico y de Energías Renovables (ITER), with the support of the La Laguna University (ULL), has been working on the development of low temperature encapsulation methods, suitable to protect Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). This document summarizes the work carried out to evaluate the performance of perovskite solar cells, based on MAPbI3 absorbers, which were encapsulated at low temperature and then the International Summit on Organic photovoltaic Stability (ISOS-T) protocols were applied. Three types of polymer materials were studied, those composed of Ethyl Vinyl Acetate (EVA), those composed of Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and those composed of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) combined with EVA. The degradation of the samples was characterized by imaging microscope, optical ellipsometry and the electrical performance was simulated by the SCAPS-1D software. The results indicate EVA encapsulated samples remained stable after the 200 thermal cycles, keeping the samples a 15.06% PCE compared to the 15.96% PCE of the pristine ones, with a reduction of 5% of total efficiency, meanwhile the PMMA and EVA-PVDF samples lost 59% and 35% PCE respectively.
Gender gap in the ERASMUS mobility program
Creators: name: Böttcher, L.
name: Araújo, N. A. M.
name: Nagler, J.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
name: Helbing, D.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studying abroad has become very popular among students. The ERASMUS mobility program is one of the largest international student exchange programs in the world, which has supported already more than three million participants since 1987. We analyzed the mobility pattern within this program in 2011-12 and found a gender gap across countries and subject areas. Namely, for almost all participating countries, female students are over-represented in the ERASMUS program when compared to the entire population of tertiary students. The same tendency is observed across different subject areas. We also found a gender asymmetry in the geographical distribution of hosting institutions, with a bias of male students in Scandinavian countries. However, a detailed analysis reveals that this latter asymmetry is rather driven by subject and consistent with the distribution of gender ratios among subject areas.
Magnetic fields in ring galaxies
Creators: name: Moss, D.
name: Mikhailov, E.
name: Silchenko, O.
name: Sokoloff, D.
name: Horellou, C.
name: Beck, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many galaxies contain magnetic fields supported by galactic dynamo action. However, nothing definitive is known about magnetic fields in ring galaxies. Here we investigate large-scale magnetic fields in a previously unexplored context, namely ring galaxies, and concentrate our efforts on the structures that appear most promising for galactic dynamo action, i.e. outer star-forming rings in visually unbarred galaxies. We use tested methods for modelling $α-Ω$ galactic dynamos, taking into account the available observational information concerning ionized interstellar matter in ring galaxies. Our main result is that dynamo drivers in ring galaxies are strong enough to excite large-scale magnetic fields in the ring galaxies studied. The variety of dynamo driven magnetic configurations in ring galaxies obtained in our modelling is much richer than that found in classical spiral galaxies. In particular, various long-lived transients are possible. An especially interesting case is that of NGC 4513 where the ring counter-rotates with respect to the disc. Strong shear in the region between the disc and the ring is associated with unusually strong dynamo drivers for the counter-rotators. The effect of the strong drivers is found to be unexpectedly moderate. With counter-rotation in the disc, a generic model shows that a steady mixed parity magnetic configuration, unknown for classical spiral galaxies, may be excited, although we do not specifically model NGC 4513. We deduce that ring galaxies constitute a morphological class of galaxies in which identification of large-scale magnetic fields from observations of polarized radio emission, as well as dynamo modelling, may be possible. Such studies have the potential to throw additional light on the physical nature of rings, their lifetimes and evolution.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
Singular electrostatic energy of nanoparticle clusters
Creators: name: Qin, Jian
name: Krapf, Nathan W.
name: Witten, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The binding of clusters of metal nanoparticles is partly electrostatic. We address difficulties in calculating the electrostatic energy when high charging energies limit the total charge to a single quantum, entailing unequal potentials on the particles. We show that the energy at small separation $h$ has a singular logarithmic dependence on $h$. We derive a general form for this energy in terms of the singular capacitance of two spheres in near contact $c(h)$, together with nonsingular geometric features of the cluster. Using this form, we determine the energies of various clusters, finding that more compact clusters are more stable. These energies are proposed to be significant for metal-semiconductor binary nanoparticle lattices found experimentally. We sketch how these effects should dictate the relative abundances of metal nanoparticle clusters in nonpolar solvents.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1010.4488
Assessment of Reverse Logistics on Used Water and Soft Drink Plastic Bottles in Addis Ababa city
Creators: name: Gebre, Hagos
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: This study deals with the assessment of reverse logistics on used water and soft drink plastic bottles in Addis Ababa. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the organization, effectiveness and efficiency of the process and the actors involved in the reverse logistics system. Further, the thesis attempts to analyze the role of all stakeholders starting from the producers of water and soft drinks, government offices, consumers and other formal and informal organizations involved in collection and recycling of used plastic bottles. Primary and secondary sources of data were used to gather data from different stake holders through self administered questionnaires to micro and small scale enterprises and informal solid waste collectors or qorale's and interviews with COBA IMPACT plc, bottler companies, Addis Ababa solid waste management and cleansing agency selected by using purposive sampling method briefly shown in the third chapter. The detailed analysis and interpretation of the data collected using graphs, tables and pie charts as well as grouping of responses given for the open ended questions and interview questions done in the fourth chapter. Finally the findings of the research and the recommendations given by the researcher are included in the fifth chapter. the reverse logistics process of used water and soft drink plastic bottles is not effective due to lack of awareness on source separation, risky and inconsistent collection processes due to the fall on the selling price of collected plastic bottles, high cost of transporting plastic bottles, lack of safe and enough storage space, low community participation and low contribution of bottling companies to environmental protection. To solve these problems the researcher suggested consumer education, collector education and training, polluter pays, flattening of plastic bottles, preparing separate plastic bottle specific standards and policies and finally integration among all stake holders in order to protect the environment and create additional source of income in this area
Optimization of Coating Parameters for Enabling Homogeneous Perovskite Thin Films via Upscalable Hybrid Evaporation-Slot-Die Coating Deposition Route
Creators: name: Nguyen, V.S.
name: Grépin, E.
name: Dally, P.
name: Zimmermann, I.
name: Bruhat, E.
name: Dupré, O.
name: Bouttemy, M.
name: Berson, S.
name: Manceau, M.
name: Rousset, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 296-301
description: We report the use of slot-die coating as an up-scalable technique to convert a co-evaporated CsBr/PbI2 precursor layer into a triple-cation mixed halide perovskite. We optimize this two-step deposition process by varying the coating parameters such as the evaporation rates in the first step and the solution concentration and dispense rates in the second step. We observe that the co-evaporation of CsBr and PbI2 at 0.1 A s-1 and 1.0 A s-1, respectively, results in a porous layer which is desired for the conversion by slot-die coating. In the second step, with an optimization of solution concentration (40.7 mg/mL) and solution dispense rate (3.3 µL s-1), uniform perovskite film with large grain size on the 5 x 5 cm² substrates is achieved. The homogeneity, composition and stoichiometry of the converted perovskite film were studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), from surface to bulk, using in depth profiling by sequential Ar+ sputtering. The perovskite layer has been implemented into a single-junction device, yielding a champion efficiency of 13.5% power conversion efficiency with hysteresis (average 10 - 11%), which is the first cell efficiency obtained using this hybrid deposition method based on the dual-source CsBr/PbI2 thermal evaporation and slot-die coating.
Perovskite-Based Solar Ink for Different Fabrication Processes
Creators: name: Shyla, A.
name: Thrithamarassery Gangadharan, D.
name: Moloney, E.
name: M. Sam, S.
name: Prajapati, S.
name: Saidaminov, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 287-290
description: Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made tremendous progress in the past years with an efficiency of over 25% in lab-scale devices. Scalability of the perovskite technology is one of the major challenges that restrict perovskites from entering the market. In this research, we performed a systematic experimentation study to demonstrate the scalability and stability of our perovskite-based Solar InkTM and demonstrated its compatibility with different coating processes. The goal is to address the industry need of improving the performance of the perovskite solar cells by having a stable perovskite ink compatible with air-processing and ambient atmosphere, and reduce the fabrication cost by eliminating the requirement of a controlled environment. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the stability and scalability of our novel perovskite ink (Solar InkTM) with high efficiency and stability, and its compatibility with a variety of scalable manufacturing processes.
Evaluation of Performance Measurements of Different Type Perovskite Devices at Different Measurement Conditions
Creators: name: Paraskeva, V.
name: Hadjipanayi, M.
name: Norton, M.
name: Aguirre, A.
name: Hadipour, A.
name: Krishna, A.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2022
Subjects: Evolving and Emerging Technologies: Tandems; Thin Film absorbers; III-V; New Materials and Concepts; Advanced Modelling
Perovskites

description: 8th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion; 282-286
description: Perovskite solar cell devices are driving a re-evaluation of photovoltaic measurement techniques due to their inherent instabilities that complicate the application of traditional characterization approaches. Being a relatively novel technology, the experiences of measuring these devices contribute to their advancements in production. In this context, the work aims to contribute to the growing body of indoor test experiences by presenting indoor measurement results obtained from different perovskite technology modules. Three different types of perovskite technology minimodules have been tested with different measurement performance strategies to investigate factors that might improve the reliability of performance measurements of perovskite devices. Impact of sweep rate, scan direction priority, time delay between forward-reverse scans, MPP and light preconditioning are some of the factors studied at the different technology perovskite devices. Measurements revealed that MAPbI3 perovskite-based devices are more sensitive to sweep rate, scan direction priority and time delay between forward and reverse scans. An investigation of (IV) traces at different sweep rates is highly recommended in order to give an insight regarding the impact of ion migration effects in the perovskite devices under study and for the selection of the appropriate sweep rate.