cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Collapse and revival of electromagnetic cascades in focused intense laser pulses
Creators: name: Mironov, A. A.
name: Narozhny, N. B.
name: Fedotov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider interaction of a high-energy electron beam with two counterpropagating femtosecond laser pulses. Nonlinear Compton scattering and electron-positron pair production by the emitted photons result in development of an electromagnetic "shower-type" cascade, which however collapses rather quickly due to energy losses by secondary particles. Nevertheless, the laser field accelerates the low-energy electrons and positrons trapped in the focal region, thus giving rise to development of electromagnetic cascade of another type ("avalanche-type"). This effect of cascade collapse and revival can be observed at the electron beam energy of the order of several GeV and intensity of the colliding laser pulses of the level of $10^{24}$W/cm$^2$. This means that it can be readily observed at the novel laser facilities which are either planned for the nearest future, or are already under construction. The proposed experimental setup provides the most realistic and promissory way to observe the "avalanche-type" cascades.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Thermodynamic Stability of Histone H3 Is a Necessary but not Sufficient Driving Force for its Evolutionary Conservation
Creators: name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Strahl, Brian D.
name: Vogel, Lisa
name: Ramachandran, Srinivas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Determining the forces that conserve amino acid positions in proteins across species is a fundamental pursuit of molecular evolution. Evolutionary conservation is driven by either a protein's function or its thermodynamic stability. Highly conserved histone proteins offer a platform to evaluate these driving forces. While the conservation of histone H3 and H4 “tail” domains and surface residues are driven by functional importance, the driving force behind the conservation of buried histone residues has not been examined. Using a computational approach, we determined the thermodynamically preferred amino acids at each buried position in H3 and H4. In agreement with what is normally observed in proteins, we find a significant correlation between thermodynamic stability and evolutionary conservation in the buried residues in H4. In striking contrast, we find that thermodynamic stability of buried H3 residues does not correlate with evolutionary conservation. Given that these H3 residues are not post-translationally modified and only regulate H3-H3 and H3-H4 stabilizing interactions, our data imply an unknown function responsible for driving conservation of these buried H3 residues.
ORCAS-I: Queries Annotated with Intent using Weak Supervision
Creators: name: Alexander, Daria
name: Kusa, Wojciech
name: de Vries, Arjen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: User intent classification is an important task in information retrieval. In this work, we introduce a revised taxonomy of user intent. We take the widely used differentiation between navigational, transactional and informational queries as a starting point, and identify three different sub-classes for the informational queries: instrumental, factual and abstain. The resulting classification of user queries is more fine-grained, reaches a high level of consistency between annotators, and can serve as the basis for an effective automatic classification process. The newly introduced categories help distinguish between types of queries that a retrieval system could act upon, for example by prioritizing different types of results in the ranking.We have used a weak supervision approach based on Snorkel to annotate the ORCAS dataset according to our new user intent taxonomy, utilising established heuristics and keywords to construct rules for the prediction of the intent category. We then present a series of experiments with a variety of machine learning models, using the labels from the weak supervision stage as training data, but find that the results produced by Snorkel are not outperformed by these competing approaches and can be considered state-of-the-art. The advantage of a rule-based approach like Snorkel's is its efficient deployment in an actual system, where intent classification would be executed for every query issued. The resource released with this paper is the ORCAS-I dataset: a labelled version of the ORCAS click-based dataset of Web queries, which provides 18 million connections to 10 million distinct queries.
description: presented at SIGIR 2022 (resource track)
Minimal and maximal constituents of twisted Foulkes characters
Creators: name: Paget, Rowena
name: Wildon, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20C30, Secondary: 20C15, 05E05

description: We prove combinatorial rules that give the minimal and maximal partitions labelling the irreducible constituents of a family of characters for the symmetric group that generalize Foulkes permutation characters. Restated in the language of symmetric functions, our results determine all minimal and maximal partitions that label Schur functions appearing in the plethysms s_ν\circ s_(m). As a corollary we prove two conjectures of Agaoka on the lexicographically least constituents of the plethysms s_ν\circ s_(m) and s_ν\circ s_(1^m).
description: 23 pages
Chapter 10: Mining Genome-Wide Genetic Markers
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhang, Zhaojun
name: Zhang, Xiang
name: Huang, Shunping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) aims to discover genetic factors underlying phenotypic traits. The large number of genetic factors poses both computational and statistical challenges. Various computational approaches have been developed for large scale GWAS. In this chapter, we will discuss several widely used computational approaches in GWAS. The following topics will be covered: (1) An introduction to the background of GWAS. (2) The existing computational approaches that are widely used in GWAS. This will cover single-locus, epistasis detection, and machine learning methods that have been recently developed in biology, statistic, and computer science communities. This part will be the main focus of this chapter. (3) The limitations of current approaches and future directions.
اولویت بندی راهبردهای توسعه میان افزا در پهنه های برش عرضی نواحی شهری (نمونه مطالعاتی: منطقه6 شهرمشهد)
Publisher: name: دانشگاه کردستان
Year: 2018

description: کم توجهی به کیفی بودن مفهوم توسعه به وسیله مدیریت شهری و رو نمودن به راه حل های کمی که مفهوم رشد را در\nبسیاری از مواقع جایگزین توسعه میکند، مشکلاتی برای شهرهای امروز به وجود آورده است. گسترش کالبدی، افزایش\nهزینه های حمل و نقل شهری، افزایش نگهداری تأسیسات زیربنایی و افزایش سرانه هزینه های خدمات رسانی از جمله این\nمشکلات هستند. این در حالی است که در بیشتر مواقع فضا برای توسعه در درون مرزهای شهری وجود دارد و یکی از\nگزینه های مناسب توسعه، بهره گیری از رویکرد توسعه میان افزاست. در این میان توجه به عواملی که میتواند راهبردها\nو سیاست های توسعه میان افزا را حمایت کند، حائز اهمیت است. پهنه بندی برش عرضی با توجه به ماهیتی که دارد،\nمیتواند به عنوان یکی از روشهـای منطقه بندی از رویکرد توسعه میان افزا حمایت کند. از این رو هدف مقاله حاضر،\nاولویت بندی راهبردهای توسعه میان افزا در پهنه های برش عرضی منطقه شش شهر مشهد است که براین اساس روش\nآن، توصیفی_تحلیلی و برای گردآوری داده ها از سه روش بررسی اسنادی، مشاهده میدانی و پیمایشی(توزیع پرسشنامه)\nبهره گرفته شده است. همچنین برای تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از نرم افزار (اکسپرت چویس اس.پی.اس.اس ،و ای.آر.سی.جی.آی.اس.)استفاده\nشده و از روش(ای.اچ.پی) برای وزن دهی معیارهای پهنه بندی برش عرضی و آزمون فریدمن برای اولویت بندی راهبردها استفاده\nشده است. با توجه به تجزیه و تحلیل های انجام شده در قالب روش سلسله مراتبی و نرم افزار(اکسپرت چویس) ،معیارهای\nتـراکـم(0.386)ویژگی بـافـت(0.235)دسترسی(0.130)فاصله از کاربری ها ( 0.080)بیشترین وزن را از بین معیارهای\nپهنه بندی برش عرضی کسب کردند و نمونه مورد مطالعه در چهار تیزون ( تی3, تی4, تی5,تی6)و دو پهنه ویژه (پهنه کشاورزی\nو پهنه نیروگاه برق) دسته بندی شد. همچنین مهمترین راهبردهای توسعه میان افزا برای تی-زون هسته شهری (تی6)به\nترتیب، کاهش ناسازگاری فعالیتی( 3تی4دابل یو)تقویت مشارکت مردمی (دابل یو 1تی2)و افزایش شدت استفاده از زمین در قطعات کم\nارتفاع محور(5او2دابل یو)شناسایی شده است
The genetic code invariance: when Euler and Fibonacci meet
Creators: name: Negadi, Tidjani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The number of atoms in the four ribonucleotides uridine monophosphate, cytidine monophosphate, adenine monophosphate and guanine monophosphate is taken as a key parameter. A mathematical relation describing the condensation of the three basic subunits a nucleobase, a ribose and a phosphate group, to form a ribonucleotide, is first obtained from this parameter. Next, the use of the latter and Euler totient function is shown to lead to the atom number content of the 64 codons and also to Rakocevic pattern. Finally, selected finite sums of Fibonacci numbers are shown to lead to the nucleon number content of the amino acids in various degeneracy patterns, and also to the multiplet structure of the 20 amino acids as well as to the degeneracy.
description: Work presented at Symmetry Festival 2013, Delft, The Netherlands, August 2-7, 2013
Multiple Spike Time Patterns Occur at Bifurcation Points of Membrane Potential Dynamics
Creators: name: Sejnowski, Terrence J.
name: Fellous, Jean-Marc
name: Thomas, Peter J.
name: Tiesinga, Paul H.
name: Toups, J. Vincent
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The response of a neuron to repeated somatic fluctuating current injections in vitro can elicit a reliable and precisely timed sequence of action potentials. The set of responses obtained across trials can also be interpreted as the response of an ensemble of similar neurons receiving the same input, with the precise spike times representing synchronous volleys that would be effective in driving postsynaptic neurons. To study the reproducibility of the output spike times for different conditions that might occur in vivo, we somatically injected aperiodic current waveforms into cortical neurons in vitro and systematically varied the amplitude and DC offset of the fluctuations. As the amplitude of the fluctuations was increased, reliability increased and the spike times remained stable over a wide range of values. However, at specific values called bifurcation points, large shifts in the spike times were obtained in response to small changes in the stimulus, resulting in multiple spike patterns that were revealed using an unsupervised classification method. Increasing the DC offset, which mimicked an overall increase in network background activity, also revealed bifurcation points and increased the reliability. Furthermore, the spike times shifted earlier with increasing offset. Although the reliability was reduced at bifurcation points, a theoretical analysis showed that the information about the stimulus time course was increased because each of the spike time patterns contained different information about the input.
مدل سلسله مراتبی ارزیابی سازگاری روانی در جهت نیل به آسایش حرارتی و حس مکان در فضاهای شهری
Publisher: name: دانشگاه کردستان
Year: 2018

description: در راستای بسط مفهوم ادرا ک شهروندان و تفاوت آن با احساس در فضاهای شهری (که در ذیل پژوهش های روانشناسی\nمحیط قرار میگیرد) در این مطالعه یکی از شاخه های ملموستر از مفهوم آسایش، یعنی آسایش حرارتی، مورد تمرکز\nقرار گرفته است. این مقاله سعی دارد به مدل تجربی مرتبط با مطالعات سنجش سازگاری روانی حرارتی دست یابد تا در\nپژوهش های آتی بتوان آن را در چند نمونه موردی فضای شهری، با رویکرد مشارکتی و کسب نظرات افراد پیاده حاضر در\nفضا محک زد. پیش فرض اصلی این پژوهش عبارتست از این که: «به نظر میرسد بین سازگاری روانی برای رسیدن به\nآسایش حرارتی با سطوح مختلف حس مکان در فضاهای عمومی شهری ارتباط معنی داری وجود دارد» . روش تحقیق\nدر گام نخست توصیفی و با تکیه بر مطالعات اسنادی است و در مرحله بعد، مدل تجربی ساخته شده با استفاده از فرآیند\nمفهوم سازی و پس از مطالعه مبانی و تجارب موفق جهانی استخراج شده است. ابتدا به وسیله  27نفر از خبرگان امر(که در\nهمه بخشهای حس مکان، روانشناسی محیط و ادرا ک محیطی و آسایش حرارتی تا حدودی مسلط هستند) با استفاده\nاز روش رفت و برگشتی دلفی تدقیق شده و سپس از طریق مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (ای.اچ.پی)رتبه بندی ابعاد، معیارها و\nزیرمعیارهای موجود در مدل تجربی پرداخته شده و به کمک نرم افزار اکسپرت چویس وزن هر کدام از معیارها در مقایسه با\nسایر معیارهای هم سطح خود به دست آمده و در واقع از طریق مدل تجربی سنجش مفهوم مورد بررسی، ارزش گذاری شده\nاست تا ابزاری برای مطالعات میدانی این مدل فراهم آورد. ساختار این مدل نیز در دو بخش سنجش حس مکان و سنجش\nسازگاری روانی آسایش حرارتی تنظیم شده است. نتایج تحلیل سلسله مراتبی در بخش حس مکان نشان میدهد، وزن\nبعد روانی بسیار بیشتر از بعد مکانی است. در مورد زیر بعدهای مربوط به بعد روانشناختی نیز بیشترین تأثیر مربوط به\nمعیار رفتاری در یک فضای شهری است. بنابراین برنامه ریزی برای مدیریت رفتارها در فضای شهری عاملی بسیار مهمتر\nاز برنامه ریزی کالبدی به منظور ارتقای آسایش ادرا ک شده شهروندان است. در زیر بعد رفتاری نیز مهمترین معیار مربوط\nبه نوع فعالیت های موجود در محیط است و پس از آن میزان رفتارهای مشارکت جویانه قرار دارند. همچنین در بخش\nمعیارهای مؤثر در سنجش سازگاری روانی نیز، بیشترین امتیاز با اختلاف زیاد مربوط به معیار طبیعی بودن و پس از آن مدت\nزمان حضور، سپس تجربه، انتظارات، کنترل ادرا کی بر فضا، عوامل زیبایی شناسانه و حضور جمعیت هستند
Nanoscale inhomogeneity of charge density waves dynamics in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$NiO$_4$
Creators: name: Campi, Gaetano
name: Bianconi, Antonio
name: Joseph, Boby
name: Mishra, Shrawan Kr
name: Muller, Leonard
name: Zozulya, Alexey
name: Nugroho, Agustinus Agung
name: Roy, Sujoy
name: Sprung, Michael
name: Ricci, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While stripe phases with broken rotational symmetry of charge density appear in many complex correlated systems, the heterogeneity of spatial ordering and dynamics remains elusive. This missing info is at the heart of understanding the structure and function relation in quantum complex materials. We focus here on the spatial heterogeneity of the motion of charge density wave (CDW) at nanoscale in the archetypal case of La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$NiO$_{4+y}$ perovskite at low temperature. We report compelling evidence that the unconventional increasing motion of CDW at T < 50K is related with the decreasing of its correlation length using resonant soft X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS). The key result of this work is the direct visualization of nanoscale spatial inhomogeneity of CDW relaxation dynamics by scanning micro X-ray diffraction (SmXRD) showing a nanoscale landscape of percolating short range dynamic CDW puddles competing with large quasi-static CDW puddles giving rise to a novel form of nanoscale phase separation of the incommensurate stripes order landscape.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
تحلیل نقش جنسیت در الگوی رفت و آمد شهری مورد مطالعه: شهر زنجان
Publisher: name: دانشگاه کردستان
Year: 2018

description: امروزه، شهرها به دلایلی از جمله ساختار مکانی، روابط و مناسبات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فضایی به سرعت در حال تغییر\nو تحول اند. این موضوع بیانگر توجه اساسی به نگرش های جدید در مدیریت شهری است. از سویی فضاهای شهری به\nعنوان تجلیگاه کالبدی شهر باید بسترهای لازم را در دسترسی و تأمین خدمات مورد نیاز استفاده کنندگان فراهم سازند و از\nدگر سو شرایطی را ایجاد کنند تا همه استفاده کنندگان و شهروندان (اعم از مرد و زن) به گونه ای عادلانه از فضا بهره جویند \nدر همین راستا هدف پژوهش، تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر رفتار یا الگوی سفر زنان در سطح شهر زنجان است. روش مطالعه\nتوصیفی_تحلیلی و دارای ماهیتی کاربردی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق زنان 15 -50ساله شهر و حجم نمونه 383نفر بوده\nکه از طریق نمونه گیری تصادفی اطلاعات برداشت شده است. پردازش داده ها با نرم افزار اس.پی.اس.اس.و آزمون کروسکال_والیس،\nتحلیل واریانس صورت گرفته است. به منظور آزمون پایایی پرسشنامه ها از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده شده است\nاطلاعات مستخرج از پرسشنامه نشان دهنده وجود رابطه معنیداری بین مالکیت خودرو، اشتغال، ساختار خانوار و رفتار\nسفر است. نتایج نشان میدهد، ضریب بالای مالکیت اتومبیل شخصی سبب تحرک بیشتر زنان شاغل در سطح شهر شده\nاست. در این میان زنان دارای فرزند بیش از مردان در طول روز رانندگی میکنند و به منظور انجام امور روزانه وابستگی\nبیشتری به اتومبیل شخصی دارند؛ چرا که حمل ونقل عمومی نتوانسته پاسخگوی نیازهای جابه جایی و دسترسی سریع\nزنان در جامعه شهری باشد
Suppressed Expression of T-Box Transcription Factors Is Involved in Senescence in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Creators: name: Biswal, Shyam
name: Vulimiri, Madhulika
name: Acquaah-Mensah, George K.
name: McDermott, Jason E.
name: Malhotra, Deepti
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major global health problem. The etiology of COPD has been associated with apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, understanding of the molecular interactions that modulate COPD pathogenesis remains only partly resolved. We conducted an exploratory study on COPD etiology to identify the key molecular participants. We used information-theoretic algorithms including Context Likelihood of Relatedness (CLR), Algorithm for the Reconstruction of Accurate Cellular Networks (ARACNE), and Inferelator. We captured direct functional associations among genes, given a compendium of gene expression profiles of human lung epithelial cells. A set of genes differentially expressed in COPD, as reported in a previous study were superposed with the resulting transcriptional regulatory networks. After factoring in the properties of the networks, an established COPD susceptibility locus and domain-domain interactions involving protein products of genes in the generated networks, several molecular candidates were predicted to be involved in the etiology of COPD. These include COL4A3, CFLAR, GULP1, PDCD1, CASP10, PAX3, BOK, HSPD1, PITX2, and PML. Furthermore, T-box (TBX) genes and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A), which are in a direct transcriptional regulatory relationship, emerged as preeminent participants in the etiology of COPD by means of senescence. Contrary to observations in neoplasms, our study reveals that the expression of genes and proteins in the lung samples from patients with COPD indicate an increased tendency towards cellular senescence. The expression of the anti-senescence mediators TBX transcription factors, chromatin modifiers histone deacetylases, and sirtuins was suppressed; while the expression of TBX-regulated cellular senescence markers such as CDKN2A, CDKN1A, and CAV1 was elevated in the peripheral lung tissue samples from patients with COPD. The critical balance between senescence and anti-senescence factors is disrupted towards senescence in COPD lungs.
Multiresolution Dual-Polynomial Decomposition Approach for Optimized Characterization of Motor Intent in Myoelectric Control Systems
Creators: name: Samuel, Oluwarotimi Williams
name: Asogbon, Mojisola Grace
name: Khushaba, Rami
name: Kulwa, Frank
name: Li, Guanglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surface electromyogram (sEMG) is arguably the most sought-after physiological signal with a broad spectrum of biomedical applications, especially in miniaturized rehabilitation robots such as multifunctional prostheses. The widespread use of sEMG to drive pattern recognition (PR)-based control schemes is primarily due to its rich motor information content and non-invasiveness. Moreover, sEMG recordings exhibit non-linear and non-uniformity properties with inevitable interferences that distort intrinsic characteristics of the signal, precluding existing signal processing methods from yielding requisite motor control information. Therefore, we propose a multiresolution decomposition driven by dual-polynomial interpolation (MRDPI) technique for adequate denoising and reconstruction of multi-class EMG signals to guarantee the dual-advantage of enhanced signal quality and motor information preservation. Parameters for optimal MRDPI configuration were constructed across combinations of thresholding estimation schemes and signal resolution levels using EMG datasets of amputees who performed up to 22 predefined upper-limb motions acquired in-house and from the public NinaPro database. Experimental results showed that the proposed method yielded signals that led to consistent and significantly better decoding performance for all metrics compared to existing methods across features, classifiers, and datasets, offering a potential solution for practical deployment of intuitive EMG-PR-based control schemes for multifunctional prostheses and other miniaturized rehabilitation robotic systems that utilize myoelectric signals as control inputs.
Emergence of Metastable State Dynamics in Interconnected Cortical Networks with Propagation Delays
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Flavio
name: Kutchko, Katrina M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The importance of the large number of thin-diameter and unmyelinated axons that connect different cortical areas is unknown. The pronounced propagation delays in these axons may prevent synchronization of cortical networks and therefore hinder efficient information integration and processing. Yet, such global information integration across cortical areas is vital for higher cognitive function. We hypothesized that delays in communication between cortical areas can disrupt synchronization and therefore enhance the set of activity trajectories and computations interconnected networks can perform. To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied the effect of long-range cortical projections with propagation delays in interconnected large-scale cortical networks that exhibited spontaneous rhythmic activity. Long-range connections with delays caused the emergence of metastable, spatio-temporally distinct activity states between which the networks spontaneously transitioned. Interestingly, the observed activity patterns correspond to macroscopic network dynamics such as globally synchronized activity, propagating wave fronts, and spiral waves that have been previously observed in neurophysiological recordings from humans and animal models. Transient perturbations with simulated transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) confirmed the multistability of the interconnected networks by switching the networks between these metastable states. Our model thus proposes that slower long-range connections enrich the landscape of activity states and represent a parsimonious mechanism for the emergence of multistability in cortical networks. These results further provide a mechanistic link between the known deficits in connectivity and cortical state dynamics in neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia and autism, as well as suggest non-invasive brain stimulation as an effective treatment for these illnesses.
Interferometry of chemically peculiar stars: theoretical predictions vs. modern observing facilities
Creators: name: Shulyak, D.
name: Paladini, C.
name: Causi, G. Li
name: Perraut, K.
name: Kochukhov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of numerical experiments we explore the application of interferometry to the detection and characterization of abundance spots in chemically peculiar (CP) stars using the brightest star eps~Uma as a case study. We find that the best spectral regions to search for spots and stellar rotation signatures are in the visual domain. The spots can clearly be detected already at a first visibility lobe and their signatures can be uniquely disentangled from that of rotation. The spots and rotation signatures can also be detected in NIR at low spectral resolution but baselines longer than 180~m are needed for all potential CP candidates. According to our simulations, an instrument like VEGA (or its successor e.g., FRIEND) should be able to detect, in the visual, the effect of spots and spots+rotation, provided that the instrument is able to measure $V^2\approx10^{-3}$, and/or closure phase. In infrared, an instrument like AMBER but with longer baselines than the ones available so far would be able to measure rotation and spots. Our study provides necessary details about strategies of spot detection and the requirements for modern and planned interferometric facilities essential for CP star research.
description: Accepted by NMRAS, 18 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
Eine Klaviersonate von C. P. E. Bach aus dem Besitz J. S. Bachs
Creators: name: Wollny, Peter
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Eine in der Bibliothek des königlichen Konservatoriums in Brüssel bewahrte Handschrift von C. P. E. Bachs Klaviersonate F-Dur Wq 65/1 wird auf ihren Quellengehalt untersucht, ihre Provenienz rekonstruiert. Allgemein wird auf C. P. E. Bachs „Hauskopien“ eingegangen. Eintragungen J. S. Bachs in die diskutierte Handschrift werden erläutert und durch Abbildungen wiedergegeben. Die Handschrift wird in die Werkgenese- und Überlieferung eingeordnet. Weiterhin wird dargelegt, welche Werke seiner Söhne überhaupt in Bachs Leipziger Besitz waren oder in seinem Umfeld kursierten, was abschließend einer vorsichtigen Bewertung unterzogen wird. Erwähnte Artikel: Karl Heller: Friedrich Konrad Griepenkerl. Aus unveröffentlichten Briefen des Bach-Sammlers und Editors. BJ 1978, S. 211-228 Ulrich Leisinger, Peter Wollny: "Altes Zeug von mir". Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs kompositorisches Schaffen vor 1740. BJ 1993, S. 127-204 Peter Wollny: Zur Überlieferung der Instrumenalwerke Johann Sebastian Bachs: Der Quellenbesitz Carl Philipp Emanuel Bachs. BJ 1996, S. 7-22 Barbara Wiermann: Bach und Palestrina. Neue Quellen aus Johann Sebastian Bachs Notenbibliothek. BJ 2002, S. 9-28 Michael Maul, Peter Wollny: Quellenkundliches zu Bach-Aufführungen in Köthen, Ronneburg und Leipzig zwischen 1720 und 1760. BJ 2003, S. 97-142
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 98 (2012)
اثر انواع هنرعمومی در فضاهای شهری بر نشاط درک شده بانوان شهر اردبیل
Publisher: name: دانشگاه کردستان
Year: 2022

description: در سه دهه اخیر هنر عمومی و ظهور آن در فضاهای شهری توجه بسیاری از متخصصان از جمله طراحان و برنامه ریزان شهری، معماران، روانشناسان، جامعه شناسان و سیاستمداران را به خود جلب کرده است. هرچند هنر عمومی به  عنوان هنر تلفیق  شده با فضای عمومی شهرها که در فضاهای سبز شهری، خیابان ها، ساختمان های عمومی و مجموعه های مسکونی قرار دارد، مفهوم جدیدی نیست اما توجه به رویکرد تعاملی بودن و کنش متقابل این نوع هنر با مردم استفاده کننده از فضای شهری کمتر در نظر گرفته  شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر انواع هنر عمومی در فضاهای شهری بر ارتقاء نشاط درک شده بانوان شهر اردبیل ارائه شده است. این تحقیق به لحاظ ماهیت موضوع از نوع بنیادی-توسعه ای و به لحاظ نتایج از نوع پژوهش های کاربردی است. روش مورد استفاده در این پژوهش توصیفی- تحلیلی می باشد. داده های مورد نیاز در این بررسی از طریق روش های میدانی و کتابخانه ای گردآوری شده اند. جامعه آماری پژوهش بانوان(متخصص و غیرمتخصص هنر، معماری) در شهر اردبیل است. که به روش نمونه گیری تصادفی ساده صورت گرفته است. برای تحلیل داده ها از نرم افزار اس.پی.اس.اس.و آزمون آماری(تی) تک نمونه ای استفاده شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که هنر انتزاعی، هنر تعاملی- ایستا و هنر ایستا(مجسمه و تندیس فرهنگی- محلی) بیشترین تاثیر را بر نشاط بانوان داشته و تمایل به ایجاد و گسترش چنین المان هایی در فضای شهر اردبیل بیشتر احساس می گردد. بر اساس نتایج پژوهش با تلفیق هنرعمومی در فضای شهر اردبیل می توان سرزندگی و کیفیت زندگی نیمی از قشر جامعه که بانوان می باشند را بهبود بخشید
Zur Identifizierung des Magnificats BWV Anh. 30 aus Johann Sebastian Bachs Notenbibliothek
Creators: name: Thielemann, Arne
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Der Autor identifiziert das bisher nicht zugeordnete Magnificat BWV Anh. 30 als Werk des italienischen Komponisten Pietro Torri und erläutert Bachs Abschrift und damit einhergehende Hinzufügung weiterer Stimmen. Erwähnte Artikel: Ulrich Leisinger: Die "Bachsche Auction" von 1789. BJ 1991, S. 97-126 Barbara Wiermann: Bach und Palestrina. Neue Quellen aus Johann Sebastian Bachs Notenbibliothek. BJ 2002, S. 9-28
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 98 (2012)
Johann Sebastian Bach und die Passionsaufführungen im "Großen Concert"
Creators: name: Bärwald, Manuel
Publisher: name: Bach-Jahrbuch
Year: 2018

description: Anhand von Indizien in zeitgenössischen Quellen und darauf fußenden Schlüssen wird erörtert, ob Bachs Aufführungen nicht etwa eigener, aber geeigneter Werke anderer Komponisten, die in Bachs Notenbibliothek vorhanden waren, in den Passionsaufführungen des „Großen Concerts“ in Leipzig stattgefunden haben könnten. Erwähnte Artikel: Hermann von Hase: Breitkopfsche Textdrucke zu Leipziger Musikaufführungen zu Bachs Zeiten. BJ 1913, S. 69-127 Andreas Glöckner: Johann Sebastian Bachs Aufführungen zeitgenössischer Passionsmusiken. BJ 1977, S. 75-119 Andreas Glöckner: Handschriftliche Musikalien aus den Nachlässen von Carl Gotthelf Gerlach und Gottlob Harrer in den Verlagsangebote des Hauses Breitkopf 1761 bis 1769. BJ 1984, S. 107-116 Peter Wollny: Neue Bach-Funde. BJ 1997, S. 7-50 Klaus Steffen: Ein Passionsoratorium von Carl Heinrich Graun in der Notenbibliothek Johann Sebastian Bachs? BJ 2008, S. 309-316 Michael Maul: Johann Adolph Scheibes Bach-Kritik. Hintergründe und Schauplätze einer musikalischen Kontroverse. BJ 2010, S. 153-198
description: Bach-Jahrbuch, Bd. 98 (2012)
Group-Invariant Quantum Machine Learning
Creators: name: Larocca, Martin
name: Sauvage, Frederic
name: Sbahi, Faris M.
name: Verdon, Guillaume
name: Coles, Patrick J.
name: Cerezo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models are aimed at learning from data encoded in quantum states. Recently, it has been shown that models with little to no inductive biases (i.e., with no assumptions about the problem embedded in the model) are likely to have trainability and generalization issues, especially for large problem sizes. As such, it is fundamental to develop schemes that encode as much information as available about the problem at hand. In this work we present a simple, yet powerful, framework where the underlying invariances in the data are used to build QML models that, by construction, respect those symmetries. These so-called group-invariant models produce outputs that remain invariant under the action of any element of the symmetry group $\mathfrak{G}$ associated to the dataset. We present theoretical results underpinning the design of $\mathfrak{G}$-invariant models, and exemplify their application through several paradigmatic QML classification tasks including cases when $\mathfrak{G}$ is a continuous Lie group and also when it is a discrete symmetry group. Notably, our framework allows us to recover, in an elegant way, several well known algorithms for the literature, as well as to discover new ones. Taken together, we expect that our results will help pave the way towards a more geometric and group-theoretic approach to QML model design.
description: 19 + 10 pages, 9 + 1 figures, updated to published version
Evolutionary Evidence for Alternative Structure in RNA Sequence Co-variation
Creators: name: Martin, Joshua S.
name: Ritz, Justin
name: Laederach, Alain
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Sequence conservation and co-variation of base pairs are hallmarks of structured RNAs. For certain RNAs (e.g. riboswitches), a single sequence must adopt at least two alternative secondary structures to effectively regulate the message. If alternative secondary structures are important to the function of an RNA, we expect to observe evolutionary co-variation supporting multiple conformations. We set out to characterize the evolutionary co-variation supporting alternative conformations in riboswitches to determine the extent to which alternative secondary structures are conserved. We found strong co-variation support for the terminator, P1, and anti-terminator stems in the purine riboswitch by extending alignments to include terminator sequences. When we performed Boltzmann suboptimal sampling on purine riboswitch sequences with terminators we found that these sequences appear to have evolved to favor specific alternative conformations. We extended our analysis of co-variation to classic alignments of group I/II introns, tRNA, and other classes of riboswitches. In a majority of these RNAs, we found evolutionary evidence for alternative conformations that are compatible with the Boltzmann suboptimal ensemble. Our analyses suggest that alternative conformations are selected for and thus likely play functional roles in even the most structured of RNAs.
In-medium polarization tensor in strong magnetic fields (I): Magneto-birefringence at finite temperature and density
Creators: name: Hattori, Koichi
name: Itakura, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate in-medium polarization effects of the fermion and antifermion pairs at finite temperature and density in strong magnetic fields within the lowest Landau level approximation. Inspecting the integral representation of the polarization tensor by analytic and numerical methods, we provide both the real and imaginary parts of the polarization tensor obtained after delicate interplay between the vacuum and medium contributions essentially due to the Pauli-blocking effect. Especially, we provide a complete analytic form of the polarization tensor at zero temperature and finite density that exhibits an exact cancellation and associated relocation of the singular threshold behaviors for a single photon decay to a fermion and antifermion pair. As a physical application of the in-medium polarization tensor, we discuss the magneto-birefringence that is polarization-dependent dispersion relations of photons induced by the strong magnetic fields.
description: A typo corrected. Published version
Task-Based Core-Periphery Organization of Human Brain Dynamics
Creators: name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Grafton, Scott T.
name: Bassett, Danielle S.
name: Wymbs, Nicholas F.
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Rombach, M. Puck
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: As a person learns a new skill, distinct synapses, brain regions, and circuits are engaged and change over time. In this paper, we develop methods to examine patterns of correlated activity across a large set of brain regions. Our goal is to identify properties that enable robust learning of a motor skill. We measure brain activity during motor sequencing and characterize network properties based on coherent activity between brain regions. Using recently developed algorithms to detect time-evolving communities, we find that the complex reconfiguration patterns of the brain's putative functional modules that control learning can be described parsimoniously by the combined presence of a relatively stiff temporal core that is composed primarily of sensorimotor and visual regions whose connectivity changes little in time and a flexible temporal periphery that is composed primarily of multimodal association regions whose connectivity changes frequently. The separation between temporal core and periphery changes over the course of training and, importantly, is a good predictor of individual differences in learning success. The core of dynamically stiff regions exhibits dense connectivity, which is consistent with notions of core-periphery organization established previously in social networks. Our results demonstrate that core-periphery organization provides an insightful way to understand how putative functional modules are linked. This, in turn, enables the prediction of fundamental human capacities, including the production of complex goal-directed behavior.
A Priori Which-Way Information in Quantum Interference with Unstable Particles
Creators: name: Krause, D. E.
name: Fischbach, E.
name: Rohrbach, Z. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If an unstable particle used in a two-path interference experiment decays before reaching a detector, which-way information becomes available which reduces the detected interference fringe visibility ${\cal V}$. Here we argue that even when an unstable particle does {\em not} decay while in the interferometer, {\em a priori} which-way information is still available in the form of path predictability ${\cal P}$ which depends on the particle's decay rate $Γ$. We further demonstrate that in a matter-wave Mach-Zehnder interferometer using an excited atom with an appropriately tuned cavity, ${\cal P}$ is related to ${\cal V}$ through the duality relation ${\cal P}^{2} + {\cal V}^{2} = 1$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Resolving Structural Variability in Network Models and the Brain
Creators: name: Bassett, Danielle S.
name: Mucha, Peter J.
name: Klimm, Florian
name: Carlson, Jean M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Large-scale white matter pathways crisscrossing the cortex create a complex pattern of connectivity that underlies human cognitive function. Generative mechanisms for this architecture have been difficult to identify in part because little is known in general about mechanistic drivers of structured networks. Here we contrast network properties derived from diffusion spectrum imaging data of the human brain with 13 synthetic network models chosen to probe the roles of physical network embedding and temporal network growth. We characterize both the empirical and synthetic networks using familiar graph metrics, but presented here in a more complete statistical form, as scatter plots and distributions, to reveal the full range of variability of each measure across scales in the network. We focus specifically on the degree distribution, degree assortativity, hierarchy, topological Rentian scaling, and topological fractal scaling—in addition to several summary statistics, including the mean clustering coefficient, the shortest path-length, and the network diameter. The models are investigated in a progressive, branching sequence, aimed at capturing different elements thought to be important in the brain, and range from simple random and regular networks, to models that incorporate specific growth rules and constraints. We find that synthetic models that constrain the network nodes to be physically embedded in anatomical brain regions tend to produce distributions that are most similar to the corresponding measurements for the brain. We also find that network models hardcoded to display one network property (e.g., assortativity) do not in general simultaneously display a second (e.g., hierarchy). This relative independence of network properties suggests that multiple neurobiological mechanisms might be at play in the development of human brain network architecture. Together, the network models that we develop and employ provide a potentially useful starting point for the statistical inference of brain network structure from neuroimaging data.
Automated Audio Captioning: An Overview of Recent Progress and New Challenges
Creators: name: Mei, Xinhao
name: Liu, Xubo
name: Plumbley, Mark D.
name: Wang, Wenwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated audio captioning is a cross-modal translation task that aims to generate natural language descriptions for given audio clips. This task has received increasing attention with the release of freely available datasets in recent years. The problem has been addressed predominantly with deep learning techniques. Numerous approaches have been proposed, such as investigating different neural network architectures, exploiting auxiliary information such as keywords or sentence information to guide caption generation, and employing different training strategies, which have greatly facilitated the development of this field. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the published contributions in automated audio captioning, from a variety of existing approaches to evaluation metrics and datasets. We also discuss open challenges and envisage possible future research directions.
description: Accepted by EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing
ApoE4-specific Misfolded Intermediate Identified by Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Convertino, Marino
name: Das, Jhuma
name: Williams II, Benfeard
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with the APOE gene, which encodes for three variants of Apolipoprotein E, namely E2, E3, E4, differing only by two amino acids at positions 112 and 158. ApoE4 is known to be the strongest risk factor for AD onset, while ApoE3 and ApoE2 are considered to be the AD-neutral and AD-protective isoforms, respectively. It has been hypothesized that the ApoE isoforms may contribute to the development of AD by modifying the homeostasis of ApoE physiological partners and AD-related proteins in an isoform-specific fashion. Here we find that, despite the high sequence similarity among the three ApoE variants, only ApoE4 exhibits a misfolded intermediate state characterized by isoform-specific domain-domain interactions in molecular dynamics simulations. The existence of an ApoE4-specific intermediate state can contribute to the onset of AD by altering multiple cellular pathways involved in ApoE-dependent lipid transport efficiency or in AD-related protein aggregation and clearance. We present what we believe to be the first structural model of an ApoE4 misfolded intermediate state, which may serve to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the role of ApoE4 in AD pathogenesis. The knowledge of the structure for the ApoE4 folding intermediate provides a new platform for the rational design of alternative therapeutic strategies to fight AD.Author SummaryApoE is a lipid transporter protein associated with the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Among the three human variants, ApoE4 isoform represents the strongest genetic risk factor for the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. We identify an ApoE4-specific misfolded intermediate state that may alter multiple cellular pathways involved in cellular homeostasis of lipids and AD-related proteins. The presented structural model of the ApoE4-specific intermediate state may serve to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiopathological functions of ApoE isoforms, and it can pave the way for the development of alternative pharmacological strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Deep morphological recognition of kidney stones using intra-operative endoscopic digital videos
Creators: name: Estrade, Vincent
name: Daudon, Michel
name: Richard, Emmanuel
name: Bernhard, Jean-Christophe
name: Bladou, Franck
name: Robert, Gregoire
name: Facq, Laurent
name: de Senneville, Baudouin Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The collection and the analysis of kidney stone morphological criteria are essential for an aetiological diagnosis of stone disease. However, in-situ LASER-based fragmentation of urinary stones, which is now the most established chirurgical intervention, may destroy the morphology of the targeted stone. In the current study, we assess the performance and added value of processing complete digital endoscopic video sequences for the automatic recognition of stone morphological features during a standard-of-care intra-operative session. To this end, a computer-aided video classifier was developed to predict in-situ the morphology of stone using an intra-operative digital endoscopic video acquired in a clinical setting. The proposed technique was evaluated on pure (i.e. include one morphology) and mixed (i.e. include at least two morphologies) stones involving "Ia/Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate (COM)", "IIb/ Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate (COD)" and "IIIb/Uric Acid (UA)" morphologies. 71 digital endoscopic videos (50 exhibited only one morphological type and 21 displayed two) were analyzed using the proposed video classifier (56840 frames processed in total). Using the proposed approach, diagnostic performances (averaged over both pure and mixed stone types) were as follows: balanced accuracy=88%, sensitivity=80%, specificity=95%, precision=78% and F1-score=78%. The obtained results demonstrate that AI applied on digital endoscopic video sequences is a promising tool for collecting morphological information during the time-course of the stone fragmentation process without resorting to any human intervention for stone delineation or selection of good quality steady frames. To this end, irrelevant image information must be removed from the prediction process at both frame and pixel levels, which is now feasible thanks to the use of AI-dedicated networks.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
Very singular solutions to a nonlinear parabolic equation with absorption. I - Existence
Creators: name: Benachour, Said
name: Laurençot, Philippe
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equation
subject: very singular solution
subject: 35K15

description: We prove the existence of a very singular solution to ut - Δu + I∇uIp = 0 in (0,+∞) × ℝN, when 1 < p < (N+2)/(N+1).
Modeling MRSA decolonization: Interactions between body sites and the impact of site-specific clearance
Creators: name: Poyraz, Onur
name: Sater, Mohamad R. A.
name: Miller, Loren G.
name: Mckinnell, James A.
name: Huang, Susan S.
name: Grad, Yonatan H.
name: Marttinen, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: MRSA colonization is a critical public health concern. Decolonization protocols have been designed for the clearance of MRSA. Successful decolonization protocols reduce disease incidence; however, multiple protocols exist, comprising diverse therapies targeting multiple body sites, and the optimal protocol is unclear. Here, we formulate a machine learning model using data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of MRSA decolonization, which estimates interactions between body sites, quantifies the contribution of each therapy to successful decolonization, and enables predictions of the efficacy of therapy combinations. This work shows how a machine learning model can help design and improve complex clinical protocols.
description: Extended Abstract presented at Machine Learning for Health (ML4H) symposium 2022, November 28th, 2022, New Orleans, United States & Virtual, http://www.ml4h.cc, 12 pages