cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
KOMPYUTER BILAN TANISHUV BO'LIMINI O'QITISH METODIKASI
Creators: name: Normurodova, Sadoqat
name: Do'siyorova, Setora
name: Asadova, Shaxina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Kompyuter bilan tanishuv bo‘limi o‘quvchilarga kompyuter texnologiyalarining asosiy prinsiplari, ishlash tamoyillari va dasturiy ta‘minotdan samarali foydalanish ko‘nikmalarini o‘rgatishning muhim bosqichidir. Ushbu bo‘limda o‘qitish metodikasi kompyuter bilimlarini o‘rgatishda zamonaviy va interaktiv yondashuvlarni qo‘llashga qaratilgan. Ta‘lim jarayonida o‘quvchilarga kompyuterning asosiysi – apparat va dasturiy qismlarini tanish va ulardan foydalanish imkoniyatlarini yaratish maqsad qilinadi.
Prediction of melting temperatures in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures using thermodynamic models
Creators: name: Sílvia Fontenete
name: Guimarães, Nuno
name: Wengel, Jesper
name: Azevedo, Nuno Filipe
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA hybridization, i.e. the process of self-assembly of one, two or more complementary nucleic acid strands, has been studied for many years. The appearance of the nearest-neighbor model led to several theoretical and experimental papers on DNA thermodynamics that provide reasonably accurate thermodynamic information on nucleic acid duplexes and allow estimation of the melting temperature. Because there are no thermodynamic models specifically developed to predict the hybridization temperature of a probe used in a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedure, the melting temperature is used as a reference, together with corrections for certain compounds that are used during FISH. However, the quantitative relation between melting and experimental FISH temperatures is poorly described. In this review, various models used to predict the melting temperature for rRNA targets, for DNA oligonucleotides and for nucleic acid mimics (chemically modified oligonucleotides), will be addressed in detail, together with a critical assessment of how this information should be used in FISH.
Video Token Merging for Long-form Video Understanding
Creators: name: Lee, Seon-Ho
name: Wang, Jue
name: Zhang, Zhikang
name: Fan, David
name: Li, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the scale of data and models for video understanding rapidly expand, handling long-form video input in transformer-based models presents a practical challenge. Rather than resorting to input sampling or token dropping, which may result in information loss, token merging shows promising results when used in collaboration with transformers. However, the application of token merging for long-form video processing is not trivial. We begin with the premise that token merging should not rely solely on the similarity of video tokens; the saliency of tokens should also be considered. To address this, we explore various video token merging strategies for long-form video classification, starting with a simple extension of image token merging, moving to region-concentrated merging, and finally proposing a learnable video token merging (VTM) algorithm that dynamically merges tokens based on their saliency. Extensive experimental results show that we achieve better or comparable performances on the LVU, COIN, and Breakfast datasets. Moreover, our approach significantly reduces memory costs by 84% and boosts throughput by approximately 6.89 times compared to baseline algorithms.
description: 21 pages, NeurIPS 2024
Hydryphantes (Polyhydryphantes) meridianus Lundblad 1947, nov. stat
Creators: name: K, Harry Smit
name: PešićK, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Hydryphantes
Hydryphantes meridianus

description: Hydryphantes (Polyhydryphantes) meridianus Lundblad, 1947 – nov. stat
 Material examined— Tasmania. 1/1/0, Big Waterhouse lake, Waterhouse Protected Area, 21 Oct. 1997 ; 0/1/0, Little Waterhouse Lake, Waterhouse Protected Area, 21 Oct. 1997. South Australia. 3/2/0, Hacks Lagoon, Bool Lagoon Game Reserve, 11 Oct. 2001 ; 1/0/1, Bool Lagoon near Big Hill, Bool Lagoon Game Reserve, 12 Oct. 2001 ; 1/1/0, Hacks Lagoon (behind reed bed), Bool Lagoon Game Reserve, 13 Oct. 2001 ; 3/1/0, Big Swamp, 20 km W of Port Lincoln, 27 Oct. 2001.
 Remarks — This taxon was originally described as a variety of H. microphallus by Lundblad (1947) but given the differences in the genital field with much less acetabula than H. microphallus it deserves ranking as a full species. Lundblad (1947) mentioned that the genital flap has 3-4 posterior acetabula, but often there are five pairs of posterior acetabula.
 Distribution — Previously known from Victoria only, and reported here for the first time from Tasmania and South Australia.
description: Published as part of K, Harry Smit & PešićK, Vladimir, 2023, New records of the water mite family Hydryphantidae Piersig from Australia with the description of five new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 981-997 in Acarologia 63 (4) on page 982, DOI: 10.24349/bhmo-6ij8, http://zenodo.org/record/10786399
Pushing One Pair of Labels Apart Each Time in Multi-Label Learning: From Single Positive to Full Labels
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Wang, Xinrui
name: Chen, Songcan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In Multi-Label Learning (MLL), it is extremely challenging to accurately annotate every appearing object due to expensive costs and limited knowledge. When facing such a challenge, a more practical and cheaper alternative should be Single Positive Multi-Label Learning (SPMLL), where only one positive label needs to be provided per sample. Existing SPMLL methods usually assume unknown labels as negatives, which inevitably introduces false negatives as noisy labels. More seriously, Binary Cross Entropy (BCE) loss is often used for training, which is notoriously not robust to noisy labels. To mitigate this issue, we customize an objective function for SPMLL by pushing only one pair of labels apart each time to prevent the domination of negative labels, which is the main culprit of fitting noisy labels in SPMLL. To further combat such noisy labels, we explore the high-rankness of label matrix, which can also push apart different labels. By directly extending from SPMLL to MLL with full labels, a unified loss applicable to both settings is derived. Experiments on real datasets demonstrate that the proposed loss not only performs more robustly to noisy labels for SPMLL but also works well for full labels. Besides, we empirically discover that high-rankness can mitigate the dramatic performance drop in SPMLL. Most surprisingly, even without any regularization or fine-tuned label correction, only adopting our loss defeats state-of-the-art SPMLL methods on CUB, a dataset that severely lacks labels.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Albertosaurus Osborn 1905
Creators: name: W. D. Matthew
name: Barnum Brown
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1923
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Tyrannosauridae
Albertosaurus

description: 6.- Albertosaurus. Skull, hind limb, and tail. Topotypes of A. sarcophagus.
To this genus are provisionally referred a large series of partly associated bones, representing several individ-uals, found together in a quarry in the Edmonton beds by the expedition of 1911. They were the first specimens to show clearly the construction of the deinodont pes, demonstrating its ornithomimid type and showing that the large species referred to Ornithomimus by Marsh were really of this group. (Owing to the incompleteness of the median metatarsal this fact was not shown by the Tyrannosaurus skeleton found in 1903.) The skull, hind limb, and tail have been prepared and placed on exhibition, but the two latter are temporarily withdrawn.
The material here shown does not demonstrate any valid generic distinctions of the genus Albertosaurus, which has never been differentiated from Deinodon or Gorgosaurus. The extreme reduction of the premaxillIe may, however, be a generic character. It is, at all events, a marked distinction from the large Gorgosaurus, although less clearly so from G. sternbergi. Detailed comparisons may show other and more certainly valid distinctions
description: Published as part of W. D. Matthew & Barnum Brown, 1923, Preliminary notices of skeletons and skulls of Deinodontidae from the Cretaceous of Alberta, pp. 1-10 in American Museum Novitates 89 on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4715537
تبیین حکم فقهی اعدام در فقه وقانون مجازات اسلامی
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: معصومه سوری
name: مینا اسفندیاری
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: مجازات،اعدام،قصاص

description: چنانچه انحرافات در یک جامعه تحت عنوان جرم به وقوع بپیوندد قوانین در مقابل آن عکس العمل تلافی جویانه ای با نام مجازات از خود نشان می دهد . اعدام به معنای سلب حیات یکی از کیفرهای تشریع شده امضایی در اسلام و تحت عنوان قصاص نفس یا به عنوان حدشرعی و بعضا در مواردی نیز جزء تعزیرات واحکام حکومتی محسوب می شود . مصالحی که برای این کیفر بیان شده می توان به رعایت مصالح جامعه وفرد و موضوع نهی ازمنکر ومقابله با افسادفی الارض وبقای نظام اشاره نمود. کیفر اعدام نسبت به مجرمانی اعمال می شود که بدترین جرایم را با علم به آن جرم مرتکب شده وبرای جامعه خطرناک و به یقین قابل اصلاح نخواهد بود.مقاله ی زیربه بررسی تاریخچه ی اعدام در قوانین اسلام ،روم ،حمورابی،وکشورهای اروپایی وادیان آسمانی بعنوان یکی از مجازات ها می پردازد وموارد اعدام در اسلام را تعریف نموده و نظریات مخالفین و موافقین رادر مورد اعدام مطرح کرده است ومخالفین اعدام را مجازاتی خشن و غیرعادلانه برای سلب حیات انسان می دانند و موافقان اعدام بر این باورند که به منظور اجرای عدالت ،تامین امنیت جامعه ،تسکین افکار عمومی و...موثروضروری می باشد .
A Factorization Approach to Sensitivity Loop Shaping for Disturbance Rejection in Hard Disk Drives
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinchuan
name: Minyue Fu, Minyue
name: Chunling Du, Chunling
name: Youyi Wang, Youyi
name: Lihua Xie, Lihua
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper investigates a factorization approach to sensitivity loop shaping for disturbance rejection in hard disk drives (HDDs). The advantage of the factorization approach is that the system sensitivity function can be expressed explicitly in terms of a unique design parameter. This greatly simplifies the control design process to make the system sensitivity function match a chosen target sensitivity function with guaranteed stability. By decomposing the controller structure, the design parameter is revealed to behave as a plug-in disturbance filter, the design of which is then presented to suppress the dominant disturbances at some specific frequencies. It is also shown that based on the nominal control system the proposed disturbance filter can reduce the sensitivity gains at specific frequencies without worsening the neighbouring sensitivity gains. Simulation together with implementation results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress the disturbances around the servo bandwidth and accordingly offers a superior tracking accuracy in comparison with other existing filters.
A Reset State Estimator Using an Accelerometer for Enhanced Motion Control With Sensor Quantization
Creators: name: Zheng, Jinchuan
name: Fu, Minyue
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Sensor quantization is a key factor that deteriorates the tracking performance of positioning systems with low-resolution optical encoders. This paper presents a method to improve the performance of such systems by merging an accelerometer of low cost. First, to reject the external disturbance, friction force and system perturbations, we design a disturbance observer (DOB) based on acceleration signals. Second, a reset kinematic state estimator (RKSE) is designed using acceleration signals to make the state estimate immune to both system perturbations and input disturbances. Third, a state feedback controller is designed based on the internal model principle (IMP) for accurate sinusoidal reference tracking. Simulations and experimental results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method for tracking position reference commands and its robustness to system uncertainties.
Improving snore detection under limited dataset through harmonic/percussive source separation and convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Martinez, F. D.
name: Carabias-Orti, J. J.
name: Canadas-Quesada, F. J.
name: Ruiz-Reyes, N.
name: Martinez-Munoz, D.
name: Garcia-Galan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Snoring, an acoustic biomarker commonly observed in individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS), holds significant potential for diagnosing and monitoring this recognized clinical disorder. Irrespective of snoring types, most snoring instances exhibit identifiable harmonic patterns manifested through distinctive energy distributions over time. In this work, we propose a novel method to differentiate monaural snoring from non-snoring sounds by analyzing the harmonic content of the input sound using harmonic/percussive sound source separation (HPSS). The resulting feature, based on the harmonic spectrogram from HPSS, is employed as input data for conventional neural network architectures, aiming to enhance snoring detection performance even under a limited data learning framework. To evaluate the performance of our proposal, we studied two different scenarios: 1) using a large dataset of snoring and interfering sounds, and 2) using a reduced training set composed of around 1% of the data material. In the former scenario, the proposed HPSS-based feature provides competitive results compared to other input features from the literature. However, the key advantage of the proposed method lies in the superior performance of the harmonic spectrogram derived from HPSS in a limited data learning context. In this particular scenario, using the proposed harmonic feature significantly enhances the performance of all the studied architectures in comparison to the classical input features documented in the existing literature. This finding clearly demonstrates that incorporating harmonic content enables more reliable learning of the essential time-frequency characteristics that are prevalent in most snoring sounds, even in scenarios where the amount of training data is limited.
The effect of factors other than age upon skeletal age indicators in the adult
Creators: name: Mays, Simon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Medicine

description: Context: Estimation of adult age from skeletal remains is problematic due to the weak and variable relationship between age indicators and age.Objectives: To assess the proportion of variation in age indicators that is associated with factors other than age and to attempt to identify what those factors might be.Methods: The paper focuses on frequently used adult bony age markers. A literature search (principally using Web of Science) is conducted to assess the proportion of variation in age indicators associated with factors other than age. The biology of these age markers is discussed, as are factors other than age that might affect their expression.Results: Typically, ∼60% of variation in bony age indicators is associated with factors other than age. Factors including inherent metabolic propensity to form bone in soft tissue, vitamin D status, hormonal and reproductive factors, energy balance, biomechanical variables and genetic factors may be responsible for this variation, but empirical studies are few.Conclusion: Most variation in adult skeletal age markers is due to factors other than age; dry bone study of historic documented skeletal collections and high resolution CT scanning in modern cadavers or living individuals is needed to identify these factors.
Integrative Modeling and Analysis of the Interplay Between Epidemic and News Propagation Processes
Creators: name: Dhiman, Madhu
name: Peng, Chen
name: Kavitha, Veeraruna
name: Zhu, Quanyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has witnessed the role of online social networks (OSNs) in the spread of infectious diseases. The rise in severity of the epidemic augments the need for proper guidelines, but also promotes the propagation of fake news-items. The popularity of a news-item can reshape the public health behaviors and affect the epidemic processes. There is a clear inter-dependency between the epidemic process and the spreading of news-items. This work creates an integrative framework to understand the interplay. We first develop a population-dependent `saturated branching process' to continually track the propagation of trending news-items on OSNs. A two-time scale dynamical system is obtained by integrating the news-propagation model with SIRS epidemic model, to analyze the holistic system. It is observed that a pattern of periodic infections emerges under a linear behavioral influence, which explains the waves of infection and reinfection that we have experienced in the pandemic. We use numerical experiments to corroborate the results and use Twitter and COVID-19 data-sets to recreate the historical infection curve using the integrative model.
Fish oil supplementation associated with decreased cellular degeneration and increased cellular proliferation 6 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat
Creators: name: Pascoe, M.
name: Howells, D.
name: Crewther, David
name: Carey, L.
name: Crewther, S.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Anti-inflammatory long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-LC-PUFAs) are both neuroprotective and have antidepressive effects. However the influence of dietary supplemented n-3-LC-PUFAs on inflammation-related cell death and proliferation after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo)-induced stroke is unknown. We have previously demonstrated that anxiety-like and hyperactive locomotor behaviors are reduced in n-3-LC-PUFA-fed MCAo animals. Thus in the present study, male hooded Wistar rats were exposed to MCAo or sham surgeries and examined behaviorally 6 weeks later, prior to euthanasia and examination of lesion size, cell death and proliferation in the dentate gyrus, cornu ammonis region of the hippocampus of the ipsilesional hemispheres, and the thalamus of the ipsilesional and contralesional hemispheres. Markers of cell genesis and cell degeneration in the hippocampus or thalamus of the ipsilesional hemisphere did not differ between surgery and diet groups 6 weeks post MCAo. Dietary supplementation with n-3-LC-PUFA decreased cell degeneration and increased cell proliferation in the thalamic region of the contralesional hemisphere. MCAo–associated cell degeneration in the hippocampus and thalamus positively correlated with anxiety-like and hyperactive locomotor behaviors previously reported in these animals. These results suggest that anti-inflammatory n-3-LC-PUFA supplementation appears to have cellular protective effects after MCAo in the rat, which may affect behavioral outcomes.
Hydryphantes (Polyhydryphantes) microphallus Lundblad 1941
Creators: name: K, Harry Smit
name: PešićK, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Hydryphantes
Hydryphantes microphallus

description: Hydryphantes (Polyhydryphantes) microphallus Lundblad, 1941   Material examined— Victoria. 0/1/0, Pond 3 km N of Chiltern, 9 Oct. 1997. South Australia.
0/1/0, Hacks Lagoon, Bool Lagoon Game Reserve, 11 Oct. 2001.
 Distribution — Previously known from Victoria, New South Wales and Western Australia, and here reported for the first time from South Australia.
description: Published as part of K, Harry Smit & PešićK, Vladimir, 2023, New records of the water mite family Hydryphantidae Piersig from Australia with the description of five new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 981-997 in Acarologia 63 (4) on page 982, DOI: 10.24349/bhmo-6ij8, http://zenodo.org/record/10786399
Alburnus atropatenae
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Alburnus
Alburnus atropatenae

description: 180. Alburnus atropatenae (Berg, 1925)
Common name: None
Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus atropatenae Berg, 1925: 213 [Rivers of Lake Urmia, Iran; syntypes: (46) BMNH 1899.9.30.127 (1), 1899.9.30.128-130 (3); not at ZIN].
Revisions: Mouludi-Saleh et al. (2022).
Illustrations: Mouludi-Saleh et al. (2022: 292, fig. 1).
Distribution in Ecoregions: —Distribution in River Basin: Lake Orumiyeh.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 445- Orumiyeh.
Status in Iran. [Endemic].—Morvarid mahi-e Orumiyeh.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. IUCN: NE.
Remarsks. Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) considered Alburnus atropatenae as a joniur synonym of Petroleuciscus ulanus. Due to the presence of taxonomic ambiguity regarding these two species, Mouludi-Saleh et al. (2022) examined the validity of them based on comparing their morphometric and meristic characters in the Mahabad-Chai River, Urmia Lake basin. Finally, based on the results, they concluded, the taxonomic identities of Petroleuciscus ulanus and Alburnus atropatenae species are valid.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Anomalous Hall effect in type-I Weyl metals beyond the noncrossing approximation
Creators: name: Zhang, Jia-Xing
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in tilted Weyl metals with Gaussian disorder due to the crossed X and Ψ diagrams in this work. The importance of such diagrams to the AHE has been demonstrated recently in two dimensional (2D) massive Dirac model and Rashba ferromagnets. It has been shown that the inclusion of such diagrams dramatically changes the total AHE in such systems. In this work, we show that the contributions from the X and Ψ diagrams to the AHE in tilted Weyl metals are of the same order of the non-crossing diagram we studied in a previous work, but with opposite sign. The total contribution of the X and Ψ diagrams cancels the majority part of the contribution from the non-crossing diagram in tilted Weyl metals, similar to the 2D massive Dirac model. We also discuss the difference of the contributions from the crossed diagrams between 2D massive Dirac model and the tilted Weyl metals. At last, we discuss the experimental relevance of observing the AHE due to the X and Ψ diagrams in type-I Weyl metal such as Co3Sn2S2.
description: accepted by PRB
Oral histories: a simple method of assigning chronological age to isotopic values from human dentine collagen
Creators: name: Beaumont, Julia
name: Montgomery, Janet
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) in bone and dentine collagen have been used for over 30 years to estimate palaeodiet, subsistence strategy, breastfeeding duration and migration within burial populations. Recent developments in dentine microsampling allow improved temporal resolution for dietary patterns.Aim: A simple method is proposed which could be applied to human teeth to estimate chronological age represented by dentine microsamples in the direction of tooth growth, allowing comparison of dietary patterns between individuals and populations. The method is tested using profiles from permanent and deciduous teeth of two individuals.Subjects and methods: Using a diagrammatic representation of dentine development by approximate age for each human tooth (based on the Queen Mary University of London Atlas), this study estimated the age represented by each dentine section. Two case studies are shown: comparison of M1 and M2 from a 19th century individual from London, England, and identification of an unknown tooth from an Iron Age female adult from Scotland.Results and conclusions: The isotopic profiles demonstrate that variations in consecutively-forming teeth can be aligned using this method to extend the dietary history of an individual or identify an unknown tooth by matching the profiles.
New insights into the dimerization of small GTPase Rac/ROP guanine nucleotide exchange factors in rice
Creators: name: Akamatsu, Akira
name: Uno, Kazumi
name: Kato, Midori
name: Hann Ling Wong
name: Shimamoto, Ko
name: Kawano, Yoji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer
Chemistry
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

description: Molecular links between receptor-kinases and Rac/ROP family small GTPases mediated by activator guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) govern diverse biological processes. However, it is unclear how the Rac/ROP GTPases orchestrate such a wide variety of activities. Here, we show that rice OsRacGEF1 forms homodimers, and heterodimers with OsRacGEF2, at the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). OsRacGEF2 does not bind directly to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) OsCERK1, but forms a complex with OsCERK1 through OsRacGEF1 at the ER. This complex is transported from ER to the PM and there associates with OsRac1, resulting in the formation of a stable immune complex. Such RLK-GEF heterodimer complexes may explain the diversity of Rac/ROP family GTPase signalings.
Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of Benzoxazole in Bis-Ionic Liquid [BDBDIm]Br
Creators: name: Nikpassand, Mohammad
name: Fekri, Leila Zare
name: Farokhian, Pegah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Bis-Ionic liquid 3,3′-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium)bromide ([BDBDIm]Br) was found to be effective catalyst for the synthesis of novel benzoxazoles using different salicylic acid derivatives and 2-amino-4-chlorophenol at room temperature. The present methodology offers several advantages such as solvent-free conditions, excellent yields, simple procedure, mild conditions and reduced environmental consequences. The ionic liquid was recovered and reused. All of synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and elemental analyses.
Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Alburnus
Alburnus caeruleus

description: 181. Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843
Common name. Black spotted bleak
Taxonomy. Original description: Alburnus caeruleus Heckel, 1843a: 1084 (94) [Aleppo, Syria; syntypes: NMW 16688 (4), 55511-13 (2, 2, 2), 57161 (3);? RMNH 2656 (4); SMF 100 (4)].
Revisions. None.
Illustrations. Heckel (1843b: pl. 11, fig. 3); Zareian et al. (2015: 16, fig. 8).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Tigris.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 441-Lower Tigris & Euphrates, 442-Upper Tigris & Euphrates.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Morvarid mahi-e khal dar.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022).—Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: LC.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
تحریم نکاح به سبب لعان و احرام
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: فریبا طائی
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: لعان، حرمت، حد قذف، حد زنا، نفی نسب، احرام، حرام موبد

description: موانع نکاح در کتب فقهی تحت عنوان اسباب تحریم نکاح مطرح می گردد؛ اسباب تحریم نکاح اموری است که عدم آنها در نکاح شرط است و وجود آنها مانع صحت نکاح می گردد؛ در فقه اسلام و حقوق مدنی ایران، لعان به عنوان یکی از اسباب تحریم نکاح مطرح شده است؛ امروزه مردم جامعه تصور می کنند که لعان تنها در کتاب های حقوقی آمده و در زمره قوانینمتروکی است که نقشی در زندگی اجتماعی ما ندارد اما زمانی مساله لعان در زندگی ما زمانی اهمیت پیدا می کند که مردی مدعی گردد همسر دائمی وی که مدخول بها می باشد با مرد دیگری مرتکب زنا گردیده و ادعا کند تنها خودش این عمل را مشاهده نموده و کسی دیگر شاهد آن نبوده؛ وبا توجه به اینکه راه های اثبات زنا بسیار دشوار است به این دلیل که احتمالوجود همزمان چهار شاهد مرد تقریبا غیر ممکن است یا در صورت وجود چهار شاهد کسی حاضر به ادعای شهادت نیست در این صورت شوهر به وسیله لعان حد قذف را از خود ساقط می کند؛ و همچنین زن نیز می تواند به وسیله لعان از حق خودش دفاع کند زیرا ممکن است شوهر به دلیل کینه توزی به آن تهمت زده باشد و به این وسیله از آن انتقام بگیرد؛ و با توجه به این که مهمترین حکمت تشریع لعان این است که زن بتواند نسبت زنا را از خود ساقط کند و آبروی خود را حفظ کند؛ فلذا زن به وسیله لعان حد زنا را از خود ساقط می کند.همچنین عقدی که در حال احرام واقع می گردد باطل است چنانکه از احکام محرم معلوم می گردد نظر شارع اسلام آن بوده کسانیکه محرم هستند به امور دنیوی نپردازند.فلذا به این مساله می پردازیم که رجوع از لعان در نفی نسب چه حکمی دارد و اینکه آیا علم و جهل تاثیری در عقد در حال احرام دارد
IMPROVING SPEAKING COMPREHENSION THROUGH A PROBLEM- BASED APPROACH (FOR B1-B2 LEVEL LEARNERS)
Creators: name: Akhorxodjayeva, Umida
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Along with hearing, reading, and writing, speaking is one of the four talents that one should become proficient in. Speaking is crucial in day-to-day living that is to directly express someone's thoughts. It impacts a person's success in several elements, including social, political, commercial, and instruction. A strong presentation is the result of a competent presenter with the ability to communicate clearly in front of large crowds.
Cyclohydryphantes trabeculiferus Lundblad 1941
Creators: name: K, Harry Smit
name: PešićK, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Cyclohydryphantes
Cyclohydryphantes trabeculiferus

description: Cyclohydryphantes trabeculiferus Lundblad, 1941
 Material examined— Tasmania. 1/0/0, Swamp 12 km S of Gladstone, along road B82, 20 Oct. 1997 ; 5/2/4, Pool near crossing of roads A5 and B51, 42°01.209′S 146°49.533′E, 922 m
a.s.l., 28 March 2008.
 Distribution — Known from Victoria and Tasmania (Harvey 1998).
description: Published as part of K, Harry Smit & PešićK, Vladimir, 2023, New records of the water mite family Hydryphantidae Piersig from Australia with the description of five new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 981-997 in Acarologia 63 (4) on page 986, DOI: 10.24349/bhmo-6ij8, http://zenodo.org/record/10786399
Recurrent solutions of the Alber equation initialized by Joint North Sea Wave Project spectra
Creators: name: Ribal, A.
name: Babanin, Alexander
name: Young, I.
name: Toffoli, Alessandro
name: Stiassnie, M.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Linear instability of two-dimensional wave fields and its concurrent evolution in time is here investigated by means of the Alber equation for narrow-banded random surface waves in deep water subject to inhomogeneous disturbances. The probability of freak waves in the context of these simulations is also discussed. The instability is first studied for the symmetric Lorentz spectrum, and continued for the realistic asymmetric Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum of ocean waves with variable directional spreading and steepness. It is found that instability depends on the directional spreading and parameters alpha and gamma of the JONSWAP spectrum, where alpha and gamma are the energy scale and the peak enhancement factor, respectively. Both influence the mean steepness of waves with such a spectrum, although in different ways. Specifically, if the instability stops as a result of the directional spreading, increase of the steepness by increasing alpha or gamma can reactivate it. A criterion for the instability is suggested as a dimensionless 'width parameter', Pi. For the unstable conditions, long-time evolution is simulated by integrating the Alber equation numerically. Recurrent evolution is obtained, which is a stochastic counterpart of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam recurrence obtained for the cubic Schrodinger equation. This recurrence enables us to study the probability of freak waves, and the results are compared to the values given by the Rayleigh distribution. Moreover, it is found that stability-instability transition, the most unstable mode, recurrence duration and freak wave probability depend solely on the dimensionless 'width parameter', Pi.
New ideas about genetic differentiation of Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in China based on the mtDNA cytochrome b gene
Creators: name: Tang, Xiao-Tian
name: Lu, Ming-Xing
name: Du, Yu-Zhou
name: Fu-Shan Zheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics

description: The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is an important pest of rice in China and other parts of the world. To further explore the population genetic structure and genetic differentiation of C. suppressalis populations found on rice in China, we amplified 432 bp fragments of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene for 44 C. suppressalis populations. Nineteen variable sites in the mtDNA gene were observed, and 16 haplotypes were identified. Nucleotide diversity (π) and haplotype diversity (h) ranged from 0.00274 to 0.00786 and 0.72297 to 0.87604, respectively, while genetic structure analysis found significant genetic differentiation to be present among the five regions in China – northern China (NC), northeastern China (NEC), central China (CC), southern China (SC) and southwestern China (SWC) – where C. suppresalis was collected. In addition, molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that a relatively high proportion (57.6%) of the total genetic variance was attributable to variation within the populations. Nm and FST analyses suggested that the differentiation was not significantly different between NEC and NC, CC and SC, and SC and SWC regions, but was significant between NEC and CC, SC and SWC regions, corresponding well with the geographical distribution of the sampled populations. Phylogenetic analysis divided the populations into two indistinct clades: a NEC-NC-CC clade and a CC-SC-SWC clade, while CC region acted as a transition zone between north and south China, a finding different from previous work.
Alburnus chalcoides
Creators: name: Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz
name: Esmaeili, Hamid Reza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Cypriniformes
Cyprinidae
Alburnus
Alburnus chalcoides

description: 182. Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstadt, 1772)
Common name. Caspian shemaya
Taxonomy. Original description: Cyprinus chalcoides Güldenstädt, 1772: 540, pl. 16 [Rivers of southern Russia; No types known].
Revisions. None.
Illustrations. Heckel (1843b: pl. 11, fig. 3).
Distribution in Iran. —Distribution in River Basin: Caspian Sea.—Distribution in Ecoregions: 434-Kura-South Caspian Drainages, 450-Turan Plain.
Status in Iran. [Native].—Shah Kuli.—Listed in previous checklists from Iran by Esmaeili et al. (2017 a, 2018); Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2020) and Eagderi et al. (2022). Iran material: ZM-CBSU.
Conservation. —IUCN: LC.
description: Published as part of Sayyadzadeh, Golnaz & Esmaeili, Hamid Reza, 2024, Freshwater lamprey and fishes of Iran: Reappraisal and updated checklist with a note on Eagderi et al. (2022), pp. 1-99 in Zootaxa 5402 (1) on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5402.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10524097
Bayesian size-and-shape regression modelling
Creators: name: Di Noia, Antonio
name: Mastrantonio, Gianluca
name: Lasinio, Giovanna Jona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building on Dryden et al. (2021), this note presents the Bayesian estimation of a regression model for size-and-shape response variables with Gaussian landmarks. Our proposal fits into the framework of Bayesian latent variable models and allows a highly flexible modelling framework.
Nonlinearly charged black holes: Shadow and Thin-accretion disk
Creators: name: Uniyal, Akhil
name: Chakrabarti, Sayan
name: Pantig, Reggie C.
name: Övgün, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explore the effect of non-linear electrodynamics (NLED) parameters and magnetic charges on various aspects of black holes, like how they bend light, how they emit radiation, and how they appear as a shadow by considering a thin accretion disk model. We initially examine the overall behavior of the photonsphere and the corresponding shadow silhouette under the effects of these parameters. Using the EHT data for Sgr. A* and M87*, we aim to find constraints for $q_m$. Our results indicate that M87* gives better constraints, and as the value of $β$ is varied to increase, the constrained range for $q_m$ widens. At lower values of $q_m$, we find that the shadow radius is close to the observed value. Then, we study different things like how much energy the black hole emits, the temperature of the disk around it, and the kind of light it gives off. We also look at how the black hole shadow appears in different situations. We also study how matter falls onto the black hole from all directions. Finally, we investigate how the magnetic charge affects all these things when we take into account a theory called NLED along with gravity. This study helps us understand the complex relationship between magnetic charge and black holes.
Hochschild cohomology of differential operators in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Mundinger, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F10 (Primary) 16E40, 14G17 (Secondary)

description: For $k$ a field of positive characteristic and $X$ a smooth variety over $k$, we compute the Hochschild cohomology of Grothendieck's differential operators on $X$. The answer involves the derived inverse limit of the Frobenius acting on the cohomology of the structure sheaf of $X$.
description: 8 pages. Final version
Reasons and Solutions for the Decline in Model Performance after Editing
Creators: name: Huang, Xiusheng
name: Liu, Jiaxiang
name: Wang, Yequan
name: Liu, Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge editing technology has received widespread attention for low-cost updates of incorrect or outdated knowledge in large-scale language models. However, recent research has found that edited models often exhibit varying degrees of performance degradation. The reasons behind this phenomenon and potential solutions have not yet been provided. In order to investigate the reasons for the performance decline of the edited model and optimize the editing method, this work explores the underlying reasons from both data and model perspectives. Specifically, 1) from a data perspective, to clarify the impact of data on the performance of editing models, this paper first constructs a Multi-Question Dataset (MQD) to evaluate the impact of different types of editing data on model performance. The performance of the editing model is mainly affected by the diversity of editing targets and sequence length, as determined through experiments. 2) From a model perspective, this article explores the factors that affect the performance of editing models. The results indicate a strong correlation between the L1-norm of the editing model layer and the editing accuracy, and clarify that this is an important factor leading to the bottleneck of editing performance. Finally, in order to improve the performance of the editing model, this paper further proposes a Dump for Sequence (D4S) method, which successfully overcomes the previous editing bottleneck by reducing the L1-norm of the editing layer, allowing users to perform multiple effective edits and minimizing model damage. Our code is available at https://github.com/nlpkeg/D4S.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Phase transitions in the fractional three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Boutros, Daniel W.
name: Gibbon, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B33 (primary), 35B65, 35B60, 35B45, 35Q35, 35R11, 76D99 (secondary)

description: The fractional Navier-Stokes equations on a periodic domain $[0,\,L]^{3}$ differ from their conventional counterpart by the replacement of the $-νΔ\mathbf{u}$ Laplacian term by $ν_{s}A^{s}\mathbf{u}$, where $A= - Δ$ is the Stokes operator and $ν_{s} = νL^{2(s-1)}$ is the viscosity parameter. Four critical values of the exponent $s\geq 0$ have been identified where functional properties of solutions of the fractional Navier-Stokes equations change. These values are: $s=\frac{1}{3}$; $s=\frac{3}{4}$; $s=\frac{5}{6}$ and $s=\frac{5}{4}$. In particular: i) for $s > \frac{1}{3}$ we prove an analogue of one of the Prodi-Serrin regularity criteria; ii) for $s \geq \frac{3}{4}$ we find an equation of local energy balance and; iii) for $s > \frac{5}{6}$ we find an infinite hierarchy of weak solution time averages. The existence of our analogue of the Prodi-Serrin criterion for $s > \frac{1}{3}$ suggests the sharpness of the construction using convex integration of Hölder continuous solutions with epochs of regularity in the range $0 < s < \frac{1}{3}$.
description: 27 pages
Pseudohydryphantes occabus Harvey 1987
Creators: name: K, Harry Smit
name: PešićK, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Pseudohydryphantes
Pseudohydryphantes occabus

description: Pseudohydryphantes occabus Harvey, 1987   Material examined— Tasmania. 0/2/0, Apsley River at crossing with Tasmania Highway,
description: Published as part of K, Harry Smit & PešićK, Vladimir, 2023, New records of the water mite family Hydryphantidae Piersig from Australia with the description of five new species (Acari: Hydrachnidia), pp. 981-997 in Acarologia 63 (4) on page 987, DOI: 10.24349/bhmo-6ij8, http://zenodo.org/record/10786399
تعارض یا عدم تعارض ضمان عاقله با اصل شخصی بودن مجازات ها
Creators: name: Sarkhosh, Javad
name: نرجس خاتون منافی پور
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: عاقله، ضمان عاقله ،اصل شخصی بودن مجازات،دیه،خطای محض

description: یکی از مباحث حایز اهمیت درفقه و حقوق اسلامی، مسیله ی عاقله می باشد. عاقله از ماده عقل به معنای منع و بازداشتن است و در اصطلاح به افرادی می گویند که بار پرداخت دیه را به جای جانی بر عهده می گیرند.بر مبنای فقه اسلامی ، در برخی موارد جنایت خطای محض ، عاقله مسیول پرداخت دیه است. چنین حکمی در ظاهر با توجه به آیات ولا تزر وازره وزر اخری و کل نفس بما کسبت رهینه متعارض با اصل شخصی بودن مجازات می باشد.اما در حقیقت تعارضی در این میان وجود نداشته و درست است که عاقله مسیول پرداخت دیه می باشد ولی این هرگز برای او کیفر محسوب نمی شود. بنابراین نباید آن را حتی استثنا بر اصل شخصی بودن مسیولیت کیفری دانست.
Commonsense Knowledge Editing Based on Free-Text in LLMs
Creators: name: Huang, Xiusheng
name: Wang, Yequan
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Liu, Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knowledge editing technology is crucial for maintaining the accuracy and timeliness of large language models (LLMs) . However, the setting of this task overlooks a significant portion of commonsense knowledge based on free-text in the real world, characterized by broad knowledge scope, long content and non instantiation. The editing objects of previous methods (e.g., MEMIT) were single token or entity, which were not suitable for commonsense knowledge in free-text form. To address the aforementioned challenges, we conducted experiments from two perspectives: knowledge localization and knowledge editing. Firstly, we introduced Knowledge Localization for Free-Text(KLFT) method, revealing the challenges associated with the distribution of commonsense knowledge in MLP and Attention layers, as well as in decentralized distribution. Next, we propose a Dynamics-aware Editing Method(DEM), which utilizes a Dynamics-aware Module to locate the parameter positions corresponding to commonsense knowledge, and uses Knowledge Editing Module to update knowledge. The DEM method fully explores the potential of the MLP and Attention layers, and successfully edits commonsense knowledge based on free-text. The experimental results indicate that the DEM can achieve excellent editing performance.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures