cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Flexing infinite frameworks with applications to braced Penrose tilings
Creators: name: Dewar, Sean
name: Legerský, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C25 (Primary) 05C63, 52C23 (Secondary)

description: A planar framework -- a graph together with a map of its vertices to the plane -- is flexible if it allows a continuous deformation preserving the distances between adjacent vertices. Extending a recent previous result, we prove that a connected graph with a countable vertex set can be realized as a flexible framework if and only if it has a so-called NAC-coloring. The tools developed to prove this result are then applied to frameworks where every 4-cycle is a parallelogram, and countably infinite graphs with $n$-fold rotational symmetry. With this, we determine a simple combinatorial characterization that determines whether the 1-skeleton of a Penrose rhombus tiling with a given set of braced rhombi will have a flexible motion, and also whether the motion will preserve 5-fold rotational symmetry.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures
Better alignment between circadian preference and sleep and work timings during COVID-19 did not benefit work engagement at home
Creators: name: Crowley, Rebecca
name: Javadi, Amir-Homayoun
name: Tamminen, Jakke
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Modern society is structured around early routines which cause evening types to suffer from health and performance detriments associated with sleep times being misaligned with biological needs (circadian preference). Given that COVID-19 lockdowns were less constrained by social schedules, the current study explores whether temporal behaviours became better aligned with biological needs, and whether these changes benefited work engagement. 406 UK participants reported circadian preference and pre-lockdown and lockdown sleep times, work times, and work engagement. Results found that sleep health improved under lockdown measures in terms of increased sleep duration and reduced social jetlag, and sleep and work times became better aligned with circadian preferences. The most circadian-misaligned participants – students and young adults – exhibited the largest changes to sleep and work habits. However, work engagement decreased more in participants with improved social jetlag and delayed work habits, which is surprising given that these temporal changes reflect improved circadian alignment. We discuss potential moderators including poor sleep quality, non-engaging work-from-home environments, and mental health. These findings have implications for encouraging flexible educational and employment schedules post-COVID-19 to satisfy the common drive to improve circadian alignment, but future work must determine the moderating factors that impair work engagement during remote work.
The derivative expansion approach to the interaction between close surfaces
Creators: name: Fosco, C. D.
name: Lombardo, F. C.
name: Mazzitelli, F. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The derivative expansion approach to the calculation of the interaction between two surfaces, is a generalization of the proximity force approximation, a technique of widespread use in different areas of physics. The derivative expansion has so far been applied to seemingly unrelated problems in different areas; it is our principal aim here to present the approach in its full generality. To that end, we introduce an unified setting, which is independent of any particular application, provide a formal derivation of the derivative expansion in that general setting, and study some its properties. With a view on the possible application of the derivative expansion to other areas, like nuclear and colloidal physics, we also discuss the relation between the derivative expansion and some time-honoured uncontrolled approximations used in those contexts. By putting them under similar terms as the derivative expansion, we believe that the path is open to the calculation of next to leading order corrections also for those contexts. We also review some results obtained within the derivative expansion, by applying it to different concrete examples and highlighting some important points.
description: Minor changes, version to appear in Phys. Rev. A
Transient flows and migration in granular suspensions: key role of Reynolds-like dilatancy
Creators: name: Athani, Shivakumar
name: Metzger, Bloen
name: Forterre, Yoel
name: Mari, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the transient dynamics of a sheared suspension of neutrally buoyant particles under pressure-imposed conditions, subject to a sudden change in shear rate or external pressure. Discrete Element Method simulations show that, depending on the flow parameters (particle and system size, initial volume fraction), the early stress response of the suspension may strongly differ from the prediction of the Suspension Balance Model based on the steady-state rheology. We show that a two-phase model incorporating the Reynolds-like dilatancy law of Pailha & Pouliquen (2009), which prescribes the dilation rate of the suspension over a strain scale $γ_0$, quantitatively captures the suspension dilation/compaction over the whole range of parameters investigated. Together with the Darcy flow induced by the pore pressure gradient during dilation or compaction, this Reynolds-like dilatancy implies that the early stress response of the suspension is nonlocal, with a nonlocal length scale $\ell$ which scales with the particle size and diverges algebraically at jamming. In regions affected by $\ell$, the stress level is fixed, not by the steady-state rheology, but by the Darcy fluid pressure gradient resulting from the dilation/compaction rate. Our results extend the validity of the Reynolds-like dilatancy flow rule, initially proposed for jammed suspensions, to flowing suspension below $ϕ_\mathrm{c}$, thereby providing a unified framework to describe dilation and shear-induced migration. They pave the way for understanding more complex unsteady flows of dense suspensions, such as impacts, transient avalanches or the impulsive response of shear-thickening suspensions.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
Führ im Kreis
Creators: name: Tochtrop, Christoph
name: Richter, Cornelius
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Circular Economy
Transition Design
Sustainability

description: Wie können wir Produkte gestalten, die dem Anspruch der Kreislaufwirtschaft gerecht werden?
 Das Plakat-Spiel Führ im Kreis gibt einen Überblick über Designstrategien, die zu einer nachhaltigeren Produktgestaltung beitragen. In Gruppen oder alleine können Gestaltungsprozesse angestoßen, begleitet, dokumentiert oder reflektiert werden. Das Durchlaufen und Ausfüllen der einzelnen Bereiche will den Blick weiten, Handlungsoptionen auftun und zu einer Auseinandersetzung mit dem jeweiligen Themenfeld anregen. Die Quellen und Vertiefungen laden dazu ein, diesen spielerischen Einstieg z.B. mit dem Transition Design Guide zu vertiefen und Rätsel der Kreislaufwirtschaft zu lösen. Der Titel “Führ im Kreis” ruft dazu auf, sowohl Produkte, Rohstoffe und die Spielfigur im Kreis zu führen, sowie sich den Anspruch zu stellen, in der Kreislaufwirtschaft führend zu sein. Zum Spielen werden Stift und Spielfigur (oder alternativ die Stiftkappe als Spielfigur) benötigt. Ein Durchlauf muss nicht länger als 1,5 Stunden dauern.
description: Entstanden im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "CbD (Circular by Design): Ressourcenwende über Nachhaltiges Produktdesign von Konsumgütern am Fallbeispiel Kühl-/Gefriergerät" Circular by Design wurde vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung gefördert. Förderkennzeichen: 033R244 Laufzeit: 01.07.2019 – 31.12.2022
description: {"references": ["Christa Liedtke et al., Transition Design Guide \u2013 Design F\u00fcr Nachhaltigkeit. Gestalten F\u00fcr Das Heute Und Morgen. Ein Guide F\u00fcr Gestaltung Und Entwicklung in Unternehmen, St\u00e4dten Und Quartieren, Forschung Und Lehre., Wuppertal Spezial 55 (Wuppertal: Wuppertal Institut f\u00fcr Klima, Umwelt, Energie, 2019)", "Hannelore Weber and Thomas Rammsayer, Handbuch der Pers\u00f6nlichkeitspsychologie und Differentiellen Psychologie (Hogrefe Verlag, 2005)", "Uwe Schneidewind, Die gro\u00dfe Transformation: Eine Einf\u00fchrung in die Kunst gesellschaftlichen Wandels, Originalausgabe, Fischer 70259 (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 2018)", "Jos\u00e9 Potting et al., Circular Economy: Measuring Innovation in the Product Chain, 2017, httpv://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/c- ms/publicaties/pbl-2016-circular-economy-measuring-innovation-in-product-chains-2544.pdf", "Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Speculative Everything: Design, Fiction, and Social Dreaming (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2013)"]}
Performance of BeBe, a proposed dedicated beam-beam monitoring detector for the MPD-NICA experiment at JINR
Creators: name: Torres, Marco Alberto Ayala
name: Beltrán, Lucina Gabriela Espinoza
name: Sánchez, Marcos Aurelio Fontaine
name: Hernández-Cruz, Luis A.
name: Montaño, Luis Manuel
name: Luna, Braian Adair Maldonado
name: Moreno-Barbosa, Eduardo
name: Herrera, Lucio Fidel Rebolledo
name: Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, Mario
name: Reyna-Ortiz, Valeria Z.
name: Tejeda-Muñoz, Guillermo
name: Fernández, C. H. Zepeda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Multipurpose Detector (MPD) is an experimental array, currently under construction, designed to study the nuclear matter created during the collisions that will be provided by the Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) at JINR. The MPD-NICA experiment consists of a typical array of particle detectors as those used to study heavy-ion collisions at LHC and RHIC. To increase the trigger capabilities of MPD for stage 2 of NICA operation, a detector conformed by two arrays of 80 plastic scintillator cells each located symmetrically at opposite sides of the interaction point of MPD is proposed (BeBe). Based on Monte Carlo simulations, a discussion of the potential physics performance of BeBe detector is given for triggering tasks and for the resolution in the determination of the event plane reaction and the centrality of the collisions at NICA. Also, laboratory measurements to estimate the time resolution of individual BeBe cells prototypes are presented. It is shown that a time resolution between 0.65 and 1.48 ns can be reached depending on the number of photosensors employed to collect the scintillation photons. The BeBe detector will be complementary to FFD and FHCAL forward detectors.
description: 30 pages, 25 figures. Submitted to JINST
Itinerari di filosofia e teologia francescana. Studi offerti in memoria di Marco Arosio
Creators: name: Nannini, Andrea
name: Zavattero, Irene Giuseppina
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Dalle dottrine della prima generazione di francescani parigini fino alle dispute cinquecentesche di terra spagnola che videro impegnati francescani e domenicani, il volume percorre tre secoli di pensiero filosofico e teologico. Viene privilegiato il punto di vista francescano per onorare la memoria del compianto Marco Arosio (1963-2009), specialista del pensiero di Bonaventura da Bagnoregio, ma con interessi che spaziavano dai maestri francescani della prima met� del Duecento fino all?attivit� di predicazione dell?Osservanza francescana nel Cinquecento. Undici saggi che illustrano altrettanti ?itinerari? del pensiero francescano, da Giovanni de La Rochelle a Bartolomeo da Colle, passando per Bonaventura, Riccardo di Mediavilla, Raimondo Lullo, che in et� avanzata divenne terziario francescano, Francesco di Meyronnes e Alessandro Bonini, noto come Alessandro di Alessandria.
Submillimeter H2O masers in water-fountain nebulae
Creators: name: Tafoya, D.
name: Franco-Hernández, R.
name: Vlemmings, W. H. T.
name: Pérez-Sánchez, A. F.
name: Garay, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first detection of submillimeter water maser emission toward water-fountain nebulae, which are post-AGB stars that exhibit high-velocity water masers. Using APEX we found emission in the ortho-H2O (10_29-9_36) transition at 321.226 GHz toward three sources: IRAS 15445-5449, IRAS 18043-2116 and IRAS 18286-0959. Similarly to the 22 GHz masers, the submillimeter water masers are expanding with a velocity larger than that of the OH masers, suggesting that these masers also originate in fast bipolar outflows. In IRAS 18043-2116 and IRAS 18286-0959, which figure among the sources with the fastest water masers, the velocity range of the 321 GHz masers coincides with that of the 22 GHz masers, indicating that they likely coexist. Towards IRAS 15445-5449 the submillimeter masers appear in a different velocity range, indicating that they are tracing different regions. The intensity of the submillimeter masers is comparable to that of the 22 GHz masers, implying that the kinetic temperature of the region where the masers originate should be Tk > 1000 K. We propose that the passage of two shocks through the same gas can create the conditions necessary to explain the presence of strong high-velocity 321 GHz masers coexisting with the 22 GHz masers in the same region.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Analysing kinetic transition networks for rare events
Creators: name: Stevenson, Jacob D.
name: Wales, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The graph transformation approach is a recently proposed method for computing mean first passage times, rates, and committor probabilities for kinetic transition networks. Here we compare the performance to existing linear algebra methods, focusing on large, sparse networks. We show that graph transformation provides a much more robust framework, succeeding when numerical precision issues cause the other methods to fail completely. These are precisely the situations that correspond to rare event dynamics for which the graph transformation was introduced.
Kiloparsec-scale outflows are prevalent among luminous AGN: outflows and feedback in the context of the overall AGN population
Creators: name: Harrison, C. M.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Mullaney, J. R.
name: Swinbank, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present integral field unit (IFU) observations covering the [O III]4959,5007 and H-Beta emission lines of sixteen z<0.2 type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our targets are selected from a well-constrained parent sample of 24,000 AGN so that we can place our observations into the context of the overall AGN population. Our targets are radio-quiet with star formation rates (~(6-16) kpc in all targets and observe signatures of spherical outflows and bi-polar superbubbles. We show that our targets are representative of z<0.2, luminous (i.e., L([O III]) > 5x10^41 erg/s) type 2 AGN and that ionised outflows are not only common but also in >=70% (3 sigma confidence) of cases, they are extended over kiloparsec scales. Our study demonstrates that galaxy-wide energetic outflows are not confined to the most extreme star-forming galaxies or radio-luminous AGN; however, there may be a higher incidence of the most extreme outflow velocities in quasars hosted in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies. Both star formation and AGN activity appear to be energetically viable to drive the outflows and we find no definitive evidence that favours one process over the other. Although highly uncertain, we derive mass outflow rates (typically ~10x the SFRs), kinetic energies (~0.5-10% of L[AGN]) and momentum rates (typically >~10-20x L[AGN]/c) consistent with theoretical models that predict AGN-driven outflows play a significant role in shaping the evolution of galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Main paper: 22 pages and 12 Figures. Also includes detailed appendix
The matrix model for dessins d'enfants
Creators: name: Ambjørn, Jan
name: Chekhov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 05A15, 14N10, 60B20

description: We present the matrix models that are the generating functions for branched covers of the complex projective line ramified over $0$, $1$, and $\infty$ (Grotendieck's dessins d'enfants) of fixed genus, degree, and the ramification profile at infinity. For general ramifications at other points, the model is the two-logarithm matrix model with the external field studied previously by one of the authors (L.Ch.) and K.Palamarchuk. It lies in the class of the generalised Kontsevich models (GKM) thus being the Kadomtsev--Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy $τ$-function and, upon the shift of times, this model is equivalent to a Hermitian one-matrix model with a general potential whose coefficients are related to the KP times by a Miwa-type transformation. The original model therefore enjoys a topological recursion and can be solved in terms of shifted moments of the standard Hermitian one-matrix model at all genera of the topological expansion. We also derive the matrix model for clean Belyi morphisms, which turns out to be the Kontsevich--Penner model introduced by the authors and Yu. Makeenko. Its partition function is also a KP hierarchy tau function, and this model is in turn equivalent to a Hermitian one-matrix model with a general potential. Finally we prove that the generating function for general two-profile Belyi morphisms is a GKM thus proving that it is also a KP hierarchy tau function in proper times.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures; reference and introduction section expanded, remark 3.5 edited
SGMNet: Scene Graph Matching Network for Few-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification
Creators: name: Zhang, Baoquan
name: Feng, Shanshan
name: Li, Xutao
name: Ye, Yunming
name: Ye, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Few-Shot Remote Sensing Scene Classification (FSRSSC) is an important task, which aims to recognize novel scene classes with few examples. Recently, several studies attempt to address the FSRSSC problem by following few-shot natural image classification methods. These existing methods have made promising progress and achieved superior performance. However, they all overlook two unique characteristics of remote sensing images: (i) object co-occurrence that multiple objects tend to appear together in a scene image and (ii) object spatial correlation that these co-occurrence objects are distributed in the scene image following some spatial structure patterns. Such unique characteristics are very beneficial for FSRSSC, which can effectively alleviate the scarcity issue of labeled remote sensing images since they can provide more refined descriptions for each scene class. To fully exploit these characteristics, we propose a novel scene graph matching-based meta-learning framework for FSRSSC, called SGMNet. In this framework, a scene graph construction module is carefully designed to represent each test remote sensing image or each scene class as a scene graph, where the nodes reflect these co-occurrence objects meanwhile the edges capture the spatial correlations between these co-occurrence objects. Then, a scene graph matching module is further developed to evaluate the similarity score between each test remote sensing image and each scene class. Finally, based on the similarity scores, we perform the scene class prediction via a nearest neighbor classifier. We conduct extensive experiments on UCMerced LandUse, WHU19, AID, and NWPU-RESISC45 datasets. The experimental results show that our method obtains superior performance over the previous state-of-the-art methods.
description: 13 pages
Room-temperature quantum spin Hall edge state in a higher-order topological insulator Bi$_4$Br$_4$
Creators: name: Shumiya, Nana
name: Hossain, Md Shafayat
name: Yin, Jia-Xin
name: Wang, Zhiwei
name: Litskevich, Maksim
name: Yoon, Chiho
name: Li, Yongkai
name: Yang, Ying
name: Jiang, Yu-Xiao
name: Cheng, Guangming
name: Lin, Yen-Chuan
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Cheng, Zi-Jia
name: Cochran, Tyler A.
name: Multer, Daniel
name: Yang, Xian P.
name: Casas, Brian
name: Chang, Tay-Rong
name: Neupert, Titus
name: Yuan, Zhujun
name: Jia, Shuang
name: Lin, Hsin
name: Yao, Nan
name: Balicas, Luis
name: Zhang, Fan
name: Yao, Yugui
name: Hasan, M. Zahid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Room-temperature realization of macroscopic quantum phenomena is one of the major pursuits in fundamental physics. The quantum spin Hall state, a topological quantum phenomenon that features a two-dimensional insulating bulk and a helical edge state, has not yet been realized at room temperature. Here, we use scanning tunneling microscopy to visualize a quantum spin Hall edge state on the surface of the higher-order topological insulator Bi4Br4. We find that the atomically resolved lattice exhibits a large insulating gap of over 200meV, and an atomically sharp monolayer step edge hosts a striking in-gap gapless state, suggesting the topological bulk-boundary correspondence. An external magnetic field can gap the edge state, consistent with the time-reversal symmetry protection inherent to the underlying topology. We further identify the geometrical hybridization of such edge states, which not only attests to the Z2 topology of the quantum spin Hall state but also visualizes the building blocks of the higher-order topological insulator phase. Remarkably, both the insulating gap and topological edge state are observed to persist up to 300K. Our results point to the realization of the room-temperature quantum spin Hall edge state in a higher-order topological insulator.
Quantum spin models for the SU(n)_1 Wess-Zumino-Witten model
Creators: name: Tu, Hong-Hao
name: Nielsen, Anne E. B.
name: Sierra, Germán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose 1D and 2D lattice wave functions constructed from the SU(n)_1 Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model and derive their parent Hamiltonians. When all spins in the lattice transform under SU(n) fundamental representations, we obtain a two-body Hamiltonian in 1D, including the SU(n) Haldane-Shastry model as a special case. In 2D, we show that the wave function converges to a class of Halperin's multilayer fractional quantum Hall states and belongs to chiral spin liquids. Our result reveals a hidden SU(n) symmetry for this class of Halperin states. When the spins sit on bipartite lattices with alternating fundamental and conjugate representations, we provide numerical evidence that the state in 1D exhibits quantum criticality deviating from the expected behaviors of the SU(n)_1 WZW model, while in 2D they are chiral spin liquids being consistent with the prediction of the SU(n)_1 WZW model.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures, published version
Coryzorhaphis leucocephala Spinola 1837
Creators: name: Dellapé, Pablo Matías
name: Martínez, Auria Paula
name: Coscarón, María Del Carmen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2003
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Coryzorhaphis
Coryzorhaphis leucocephala

description: Coryzorhaphis leucocephala Spinola 1837
 Distribution: Brazil.
 Material studied (Fig. 3): Brazil: Río Grande do Sul: 32º 1´S 52º7´W, 1 female, Zhekeneg col., Berg Coll., (MLP). Pelotas: 31º 45´S 52º 20´W, 2 females, XI/1940, Biezanco Col., (MLP).
description: Published as part of Dellapé, Pablo Matías, Martínez, Auria Paula & Coscarón, María Del Carmen, 2003, New distributional records for the asopine pentatomids in temperate South America, pp. 1-16 in Zootaxa 318 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156763
FocusNet: Classifying Better by Focusing on Confusing Classes
Creators: name: Zhang, Xue
name: Sheng, Zehua
name: Shen, Hui-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nowadays, most classification networks use one-hot encoding to represent categorical data because of its simplicity. However, one-hot encoding may affect the generalization ability as it neglects inter-class correlations. We observe that, even when a neural network trained with one-hot labels produces incorrect predictions, it still pays attention to the target image region and reveals which classes confuse the network. Inspired by this observation, we propose a confusion-focusing mechanism to address the class-confusion issue. Our confusion-focusing mechanism is implemented by a two-branch network architecture. Its baseline branch generates confusing classes, and its FocusNet branch, whose architecture is flexible, discriminates correct labels from these confusing classes. We also introduce a novel focus-picking loss function to improve classification accuracy by encouraging FocusNet to focus on the most confusing classes. The experimental results validate that our FocusNet is effective for image classification on common datasets, and that our focus-picking loss function can also benefit the current neural networks in improving their classification accuracy.
description: Accepted by Pattern Recognition 2022
Orca (Orcinus orca) observations in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf
Creators: name: Bishop, James M.
name: Dashti, Talal
name: Jazzaf, Salah
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Orca (Orcinus orca) observations in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf
Quantum telescopes
Creators: name: Kellerer, Aglae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 20th century, quantum mechanics connected the particle and wave concepts of light and thereby made mechanisms accessible that had never been imagined before. Processes such as stimulated emission and quantum entanglement have revolutionized modern technology. But even though astronomical observations rely on novel technologies, the optical layout of telescopes has fundamentally remained unchanged. While there is no doubt that Huyghens and Newton would be astounded by the size of our modern telescopes, they would nevertheless understand their optical design. The time may now have come to consider quantum telescopes, that make use of the fundamental scientific changes brought along by quantum mechanics. While one aim is to entertain our reader, our main purpose is to explore the possible future evolution of telescopes.
description: In press with Astronomy & Geophysics, to be published in the June issue. Added a reference and slightly changed Figs. 4 and 5
QB@CC Poster for NABT 2020
Creators: name: Buntz, Jennifer
name: Esquibel, Joseph
name: Jenkins, Kristin
name: Karpakakunjaram, Vedham
name: Miller, Jillian
name: Nieuwsma, Christianne
name: Seitz, Heather
name: Starnes, John
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2020

description: This is a poster presentation at the 2020 NABT Annual PD Conference. This poster describes the goals of QB@CC project, progress in the first year and an update on the upcoming events.
Ultra-high-energy neutrino scattering in an anomalous U(1) effective field theory
Creators: name: Chen, Chuan-Hung
name: Chiang, Cheng-Wei
name: Su, Chun-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unique characteristic of exponentially growing scattering amplitude arises in an anomalous Abelian effective field theory when an extremely light Dirac neutrino mass is introduced to break the symmetry. We show that the low energy effective Lagrangian can be made explicitly gauge invariant with the help of a nonlinear representation of the Goldstone or Stueckelberg field. We study the peculiar feature of exponential growth in the ultra-high-energy neutrino-nucleon inelastic scattering. It is found that the inelastic scattering cross section is highly sensitive to the ratio of gauge coupling to the gauge boson mass, $g_X/m_X$. When the IceCube measurement of ultra-high-energy neutrinos, which is consistent with the standard model prediction up to $E_ν\sim 6$ PeV, is taken into account, the inferred constraint on $g_X/m_X$ is more severe than that obtained from the events of mono-lepton$+$missing transverse energy at the LHC. A muon collider with a collision energy of $10$ TeV can be a good environment other than hadron colliders to probe the novel effect.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, version published in Physics Letters B
Genetic diversity, phylogeny and biogeography in the tadpole shrimp Triops granarius (Branchiopoda: Notostraca) in Qatar
Creators: name: Chen, Kuei-Chiu
name: Rana, Shehroz
name: Naveed, Hiba
name: Ali, Ateeque Mohamed
name: Tomerak, Sara
name: Aly, Ahmed
name: Bshesh, Khalifa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The natural habitat of Qatar lacks permanent surface freshwater. Temporary ponds formed after heavy rains in the winter season are inhabited by the tadpole shrimp Triops granarius (Branchiopoda: Notostraca). In order to assess the molecular diversity of this species and to determine the relationship of Qatari populations with those from other regions, the sequences of 28S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and COI genes of individuals collected in five temporary pools were examined. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed a high level of sequence uniformity at all three loci and indicates that the closest relatives of T. granarius in Qatar are from south Ural and northeastern Asia, including Mongolia, China, and Japan. This pattern is consistent with the geological evidence that T. granarius expanded more recently from North Africa to northeastern Asia through the Arabian land bridge. Lastly, the large genetic gap existing between the Qatar populations and their closest relatives supports the recognition of a new lineage.
Skin Effect in Quadratic Lindbladian Systems: an Adjoint Fermion Approach
Creators: name: Zhou, Ziheng
name: Yu, Zhenhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The skin effect has been discovered in non-Hermitian Hamiltonian systems where all the eigenstates have their amplitudes concentrating to the open boundaries of the systems and decaying exponentially into the bulk. Later, certain open systems obeying the quadratic Lindblad equation has also been found to exhibit the skin effect, which is manifested in the ``chiral damping" phenomenon as the particle populations, decaying from their initial uniform unity values, show asymmetry with respect to the open boundaries. However, in those open systems, each cell couples to the environment in an identical way. It is natural to expect that the long time steady state of those open systems shall have spatially uniform particle populations. Furthermore, particle population variations due to the excitation of normal modes on top of the steady state shall also not show asymmetry with respect to the open boundaries. To reconcile the natural expectations with the skin effect, we employ an adjoint fermion formalism to study the quadratic Lindbladian systems. We work out the long time steady state and the normal modes on top of it, which exhibit no asymmetry as expected. We show that it is the interference between the normal modes that gives rise to the skin effect.
Subspecies identification of Lesser Whitethroats, Sylvia curruca, wintering in southern Iran as inferred from DNA sequences (Aves: Sylviidae)
Creators: name: SheykhAlikelayeh, Hadi Pourmosa
name: Ghasempouri, Seyed Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca complex has a wide distribution in the east and west Palaearctic and comprises phenotypically very similar, but genetically distinct forms. In order to determine the origin of the birds wintering on Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf, we studied the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 23 individuals and compared them with sequences publicly available on Gen-Bank. The birds from Qeshm were attributed to the subspecies S. c. halimodendri, probably breeding in areas of Kazakhstan and China, and formed two distinct clades. As the genetic distance between these groups is very low, it is likely that they represent different populations of the same taxon.
Chiral effective theories from holographic QCD with scalars
Creators: name: Harada, Masayasu
name: Ma, Yong-Liang
name: Matsuzaki, Shinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a method for integrating out the heavy Kaluza-Klein modes of scalar type as well as those of vector and axial-vector types, in a class of hard-wall bottom-up approaches of holographic QCD models, including the Dirac-Born-Infeld and Chern-Simons parts. By keeping only the lowest-lying vector mesons, we first obtain an effective chiral Lagrangian of the vector mesons based on the hidden local symmetry, and all the low-energy constants in the HLS Lagrangian are expressed in terms of holographic integrals and, consequently, are fully determined by the holographic geometry and a few constants of mesons. We find that the Gell-Mann--Oakes--Renner relation is manifestly reproduced at the lowest order of derivative expansion. We also explicitly show that a naive inclusion of the Chern-Simons term cannot reproduce the desired chiral anomaly in QCD, and hence, some counterterms should be provided: This implies that the holographic QCD models of hard-wall type cannot give definite predictions for the intrinsic parity-odd vertices involving vector and axial-vector mesons. After integrating out the vector mesons from the HLS Lagrangian, we further obtain the Lagrangian of chiral perturbation theory for pseudoscalar mesons with all the low-energy constants fully determined.
description: 14 pages, published version
Corporate governance practice and bank failure in Nigeria: a critical realist case-study
Creators: name: Ogun, Adrian
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of country-level cultural and political social structures on board decision making related to corporate governance practices and bank failure in Nigeria in 2009. An abductive critical realist case-study methodology, using Casual Process Tracing, inferred that cultural collectivism and unethical tribalism -probably influenced bank directors, under certain generative economic and legal conditions, to unduly interfere in board decision making related to corporate governance lapses and bank failure in 2009 in a Nigerian case-study. Furthermore, failure in the banking case-study in 2009 -within the culture of a highly collectivist Nigerian banking industry -probably triggered mechanisms of ‘financial contagion’ and ‘self-fulling prophecy’ that caused a ‘run’ on Nigerian banking stocks. The ‘run' on banking stocks revealed the full extent of under capitalisation within the Nigerian banking industry which prompted a government bail-out of one third of the private banking sector in 2009. The wider implications of this study for comparative corporate governance practice are that different national contexts, with different cultural and institutional social structures, probably warrant different national codes of corporate governance practice. Furthermore, this thesis suggests that where: 1) indices indicate high national, industry and organisational levels of cultural collectivism and 2) director impunity to reputational damage, arising from unethical conduct, persists unchecked by regulators and 3) National governments explicitly guarantee the bail-out of failing banks, then the systemic nature of bank failure experienced in Nigeria in 2009 may reoccur. To the extent that implicit agreements, to bail-out banks ‘too big to fail’ exist in the West then it may be appropriate, in accordance with this study’s typology, to also regulate behaviour in Western banking systems with both contract-based and reputation-based measures.
The effect of magnetic impurity scattering on transport in topological insulators
Creators: name: Vaitkus, Jesse A.
name: Ho, Cong Son
name: Cole, Jared H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge transport in topological insulators is primarily characterised by so-called topologically projected helical edge states, where charge carriers are correlated in spin and momentum. In principle, dissipation-less current can be carried by these edge states as backscattering from impurities and defects is suppressed as long as time-reversal symmetry is not broken. However, applied magnetic fields or underlying nuclear spin-defects in the substrate can break this time reversal symmetry. In particular, magnetic impurities lead to back-scattering by spin-flip processes. We have investigated the effects of point-wise magnetic impurities on the transport properties of helical edge states in the BHZ model using the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function formalism and compared the results to a semi-analytic approach. Using these techniques we study the influence of impurity strength and spin impurity polarization. We observe a secondary effect of defect-defect interaction that depends on the underlying material parameters which introduces a non-monotonic response of the conductance to defect density. This in turn suggests a qualitative difference in magneto-transport signatures in the dilute and high density spin impurity limits.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures + appendices
High Fidelity 3D Reconstructions with Limited Physical Views
Creators: name: Dabhi, Mosam
name: Wang, Chaoyang
name: Saluja, Kunal
name: Jeni, Laszlo
name: Fasel, Ian
name: Lucey, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-view triangulation is the gold standard for 3D reconstruction from 2D correspondences given known calibration and sufficient views. However in practice, expensive multi-view setups -- involving tens sometimes hundreds of cameras -- are required in order to obtain the high fidelity 3D reconstructions necessary for many modern applications. In this paper we present a novel approach that leverages recent advances in 2D-3D lifting using neural shape priors while also enforcing multi-view equivariance. We show how our method can achieve comparable fidelity to expensive calibrated multi-view rigs using a limited (2-3) number of uncalibrated camera views.
description: Accepted to 3DV 2021 (project page & code: https://sites.google.com/view/high-fidelity-3d-neural-prior)
Molecular data confirm the presence of the Southern Crested Newt Triturus karelinii (Strauch, 1870) in Anatolia
Creators: name: Candan, Kamil
name: Ilgaz, Çetin
name: Kumlutaş, Yusuf
name: Caynak, Elif Yıldırım
name: Gül, Serkan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Two species of newts of the genus Triturus are known to occur in Türkiye: Triturus ivanbureschi Wielstra & Arntzen, 2013 and T. anatolicus Wielstra & Arntzen, 2016. Here, we used the mitochondrial ND4 gene as a genetic marker to determine the taxonomic position of a new population found in Posof, Ardahan, northeastern Anatolia. It was shown the population belongs to T. karelinii (Strauch, 1870), which is thus the third species of Triturus present in Türkiye.
Online Demodulation and Trigger for Flux-ramp Modulated SQUID Signals
Creators: name: Karcher, N.
name: Muscheid, T.
name: Wolber, T.
name: Richter, D.
name: Enss, C.
name: Kempf, S.
name: Sander, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the periodic characteristics of SQUIDs, a suitable linearization technique is required for SQUID-based readout. Flux-ramp modulation is a common linearization technique and is typically applied for the readout of a microwave-SQUID-multiplexer as well as since recently also for dc-SQUIDs. Flux-ramp modulation requires another stage in the signal processing chain to demodulate the SQUID output signal before further processing. For cryogenic microcalorimenters, these events are given by fast exponentially rising and slowly exponentially decaying pulses which shall be detected by a trigger engine and recorded by a storage logic. Since the data rate can be decreased significantly by demodulation and event detection, it is desirable to do both steps on the deployed fast FPGA logic during measurement before passing the data to a general-purpose processor. In this contribution, we show the implementation of efficient multi-channel flux-ramp demodulation computed at run-time on a SoC-FPGA. Furthermore, a concept and implementation for an online trigger and buffer mechanism with its theoretical trigger loss rates depending on buffer size is presented. Both FPGA modules can be operated with up to 500 MHz clock frequency and can efficiently process 32 channels. Correct functionality and data reduction capability of the modules are demonstrated in measurements utilizing magnetic microcalorimeter irradiated with an Iron-55 source for event generation and read out by a microwave SQUID multiplexer.
description: LTD19 - Proceeding
The CMB Derivatives of Planck's Beam Asymmetry
Creators: name: Rathaus, Ben
name: Kovetz, Ely D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the anisotropy in cosmic microwave background Planck maps due to the coupling between its beam asymmetry and uneven scanning strategy. Introducing a pixel space estimator based on the temperature gradients, we find a highly significant (~20 σ) preference for these to point along ecliptic latitudes. We examine the scale dependence, morphology and foreground sensitivity of this anisotropy, as well as the capability of detailed Planck simulations to reproduce the effect, which is crucial for its removal, as we demonstrate in a search for the weak lensing signature of cosmic defects.
description: 5 pages, 9 figures Published in MNRAS
Homotopy momentum sections on multisymplectic manifolds
Creators: name: Hirota, Yuji
name: Ikeda, Noriaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a notion of a homotopy momentum section on a Lie algebroid over a pre-multisymplectic manifold. A homotopy momentum section is a generalization of the momentum map with a Lie group action and the momentum section on a pre-symplectic manifold, and is also regarded as a generalization of the homotopy momentum map on a multisymplectic manifold. We show that a gauged nonlinear sigma model with Wess-Zumino term with Lie algebroid gauging has the homotopy momentum section structure.
description: 32pages
Learning an Artificial Language for Knowledge-Sharing in Multilingual Translation
Creators: name: Liu, Danni
name: Niehues, Jan
Publisher: name: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Year: 2022

description: The cornerstone of multilingual neural translation is shared representations across languages. Given the theoretically infinite representation power of neural networks, semantically identical sentences are likely represented differently. While representing sentences in the continuous latent space ensures expressiveness, it introduces the risk of capturing of irrelevant features which hinders the learning of a common representation. In this work, we discretize the encoder output latent space of multilingual models by assigning encoder states to entries in a codebook, which in effect represents source sentences in a new artificial language. This discretization process not only offers a new way to interpret the otherwise black-box model representations, but, more importantly, gives potential for increasing robustness in unseen testing conditions. We validate our approach on large-scale experiments with realistic data volumes and domains. When tested in zero-shot conditions, our approach is competitive with two strong alternatives from the literature. We also use the learned artificial language to analyze model behavior, and discover that using a similar bridge language increases knowledge-sharing among the remaining languages.