cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Necessary Conditions for Subclasses of Random Context Galleries
Creators: name: Ewert, Sigrid
name: Tkachova, Daria Sergeevna
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2020

description: Random context picture grammars are used to generate pictures through successive refinement. There exist several natural subclasses of these grammars, e. g., contextfree picture grammars, random permitting context picture grammars, random forbidding context picture grammars, and table-driven context-free picture grammars. These classes generate context-free galleries (cfpls), random permitting context galleries (rPcpls), random forbidding context galleries (rFcpls), and table-driven contextfree galleries (Tcfpls), respectively. For all these classes of galleries, necessary conditions have been proven. In particular, for cfpls there exists a pumping-shrinking lemma, for rPcpls a pumping lemma, and for rFcpls a shrinking lemma. For Tcfpls, two necessary conditions have been proven. We now present a new necessary condition for each of the abovementioned classes of galleries, except for the cfpls, and illustrate it with an example in each case.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 25, Number 1, 2020, 21-35
title: General CD Grammar Systems and Their Simplification
Creators: name: Kocman, Radim
name: Křivka, Zbyněk
name: Meduna, Alexander
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2020

description: The present paper studies general CD grammar systems, whose components are general grammars, so they are computationally complete, and it investigates them working under the $*$ mode and $t$ mode. Most importantly, the paper presents two types of transformations that turn arbitrary general grammars into equivalent two-component general CD grammar systems with a context-free component and a non-context-free component. From the first type of transformations, the non-context-free component results with two rules of the form $11 \rightarrow 00$ and $0000 \rightarrow \varepsilon$, while the other type of transformations produces the non-context-free component with two rules of the form $11 \rightarrow 00$ and $0000 \rightarrow 2222$. Apart from this significant reduction and simplification, the paper describes several other useful properties concerning these systems and the way they work. A formulation of several remarks and open problems closes this paper.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 25, Number 1, 2020, 37-54
title: Every Regular Bifix Code is a Finite Union of Regular Infix Codes
Creators: name: Konstantinidis, Stavros
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2020

description: We show constructively that every regular bifix code is a finite union of regular infix codes. This problem was considered by Jürgen Dassow in the context of studying the generative power of conditional tabled Lindenmayer systems. Our proof is based on some language operators related to independent languages and a lemma of Liang Zhang and Zhonghui Shen about the index of the principal congruence of bifix codes.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 25, Number 1, 2020, 55-59
ҲОМИЛАДОРЛИК ДАВРИДА ГЕСТАЦИОН ПИЕЛОНЕФРИТНИ ТАШҲИСЛАШНИНГ ПАТОМОРФОЛОГИК ЖИҲАТЛАРИ
Creators: name: Тожибоев, Т.Т.
name: Махкамов, Н.Ж.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Жаҳон аҳолисини ўртача 11,7%ни ҳомиладор аёллар ташкил этади (БССТ 2022 йил).  Ҳомиладорликнинг 2 ва 3 уч ойлигида асосан сийдик ажратиш тизимида морфофункционал тўсиқларнинг юзага келиши, айниқса, буйракдан чиқувчи сийдий йўлининг  босилиши сийдик димланишига ва хар хил йўллар билан инфекцион омилларнинг қўшилиши оқибатида, гестацион пиелонефрит юзага келади. Ҳомиладорлик ва туғилишлар миқдорига мос равишда АҚШ ва Европа давлатларида гестацион пиелонефрит жами ҳомиладорларнинг 2-4%ни  ташкил этиши муаммони долзарблигини англатади. Айнан ҳомиладорлик пайтида юзага келадиган пиелонефритларнинг аксариятида, бактериал инфекциянинг қўшилиши билан йирингли  пиелонефритларни юзага келишига олиб келади. Натижада, буйрак жомлари ва косачаларининг обструктив  ўзгаришларига олиб келиши билан давом этади. Ҳомиладорлик ва туғруқдан кейинги даврда буйракда юзага келган асоратлардан ўлим кўрсаткичи  ўртача, 1000та ҳомиладорга ўртача 1-3%ни ташкил этади.
title: Restricted Lego Towers
Creators: name: Mansour, Toufik
name: Schork, Matthias
name: Shabani, Armend Sh.
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2020

description: Two particular families of polyominoes are introduced and enumerated, namely so-called $k$-Lego towers and cone $k$-Lego towers. The first family consists of Lego towers containing in each floor exactly one piece having length less than or equal to $k$. The generating function for the number of $k$-Lego towers as well as cone $k$-Lego towers with $n$ floors according to a statistic given by perimeter and area is determined. Furthermore, for the number of cone $k$-Lego towers with exactly $n$ floors an explicit formula is derived. In addition, several special cases are treated in detail.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 25, Number 1, 2020, 61-76
Supplementary document for DETECTOR: Structural Information Guided Artifact Detection for Super-resolution Fluorescence Microscopy Image - 5403433.pdf
Creators: name: Gao, Shan
name: Xu, Fan
name: Li, Hongjia
name: Xue, Fudong
name: Zhang, Mingshu
name: Xu, Pingyong
name: Zhang, Fa
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The supplemental document 1.
SciPy 2017: The Demeshening: the next generation of particle support in yt
Creators: name: Goldbaum, Nathan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: Computational Physics

description: Large N-body particle datasets present a unique challenge for analysis and visualization. With multi-terabyte datasets becoming increasingly common, the goal of performing large-scale analysis and visualization of such large quantities of data becomes increasingly challenging. In this talk we describe a new particle indexing scheme we have designed for yt, a python toolkit for the analysis and visualization of 3D simulation data. By making use of compressed Morton bitmaps to index the locations of particles, we substantially decrease the overhead to perform spatial chunking. By rethinking the high-level yt API for N-body data to be more particle-centric, we are able to scale analysis and visualization to datasets containing very large numbers of particles while reaping performance improvements and decreased memory overhead when working with smaller datasets.
Pseudo Label-Guided Model Inversion Attack via Conditional Generative Adversarial Network
Creators: name: Yuan, Xiaojian
name: Chen, Kejiang
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Zhang, Weiming
name: Yu, Nenghai
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Model inversion (MI) attacks have raised increasing concerns about privacy, which can reconstruct training data from public models. Indeed, MI attacks can be formalized as an optimization problem that seeks private data in a certain space. Recent MI attacks leverage a generative adversarial network (GAN) as image prior to narrow the search space, and can successfully reconstruct even the high-dimensional data (e.g., face images). However, these GAN-based MI attacks do not fully exploit the potential capabilities of the target model, still leading to a vague and coupled search space. i.e., different classes of images are coupled in the search space. Besides, the widely used cross-entropy loss in these attacks suffers from gradient vanishing. To address these problems, we propose Pseudo Label-Guided MI (PLG-MI) attack via conditional GAN (cGAN). At first, a top-\emph{n} selection strategy is proposed to provide pseudo-labels for public data, and use pseudo-labels to guide the training of cGAN. In this way, the search space is decoupled for different classes of images. Then a max-margin loss is introduced to improve the search process on the subspace of a targeted class. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our PLG-MI attack significantly improves the attack success rate and visual quality for various datasets and models, notably, $2\sim3 \times$ better that state-of-the-art attacks under strong distributional shifts.
Supplementary Material for: The Impact of Low-Grade Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage on Neurodevelopmental Outcome of Very Preterm Infants
Creators: name: Reubsaet, P.
name: Brouwer, A.J.
name: Van Haastert, I.C.
name: Brouwer, M.J.
name: Koopman, C.
name: Groenendaal, F.
name: De Vries, L.S.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background: Very preterm infants often show germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH-IVH) on cranial ultrasound (cUS). Aim: To determine the impact of low-grade GMH-IVH on early neurodevelopmental outcome in very preterm infants. Methods: A retrospective case-control study in very preterm infants with and without low-grade GMH-IVH on cUS. Additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was available in all infants with a gestational age (GA) <28 weeks and high-risk infants >28 weeks. Infants were seen at 2 years' corrected age to assess neurodevelopment. Results: In total, 136 infants (GA 24-32 weeks) with low-grade GMH-IVH on cUS were matched with 255 controls. Outcome data was available for 342 (87%) infants. Adverse outcome (i.e., cerebral palsy [CP], neurodevelopmental delay) was present in 11 (9%) cases and 20 (9%) controls. No statistically significant differences in outcome were found between cases and controls. Additional MRI was performed in 165/391 infants (42%) and showed additional lesions in 73 (44%) infants that could explain subsequent development of CP in 2 out of 5 infants and epilepsy in 1 of 2 infants. Conclusion: Very preterm infants with low-grade GMH-IVH on cUS have a similar early neurodevelopmental outcome compared with controls. Additional MRI showed mostly subtle abnormalities that were missed with cUS, but these could not explain subsequent development of CP and developmental delay in all infants.
title: Advancing Data Collection, Management, and Analysis for Quantifying Residential Water Use via Low Cost, Open Source, Smart Metering Infrastructure
Creators: name: Bastidas Pacheco, Camilo J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Urbanization, climate change, aging infrastructure, and the cost of delivering water to residential customers make it vital that we achieve a higher efficiency in the management of urban water resources. Understanding how water is used at the household level is vital for this objective.Water meters measure water use for billing purposes, commonly at a monthly, or coarser temporal resolutions. This is insufficient to understand where water is used (i.e., the distribution of water use across different fixtures like toilets, showers, outdoor irrigation), when water is used (i.e., identifying peaks of consumption, instantaneous or at hourly, daily, weekly intervals), the efficiency of water using fixtures, or water use behaviors across different households. Most smart meters available today are not capable of collecting data at the temporal resolutions needed to fully characterize residential water use, and managing this data represents a challenge given the rapidly increasing volume of data generated. The research in this dissertation presents low cost, open source cyberinfrastructure (datalogging and data management systems) to collect and manage high temporal resolution, residential water use data. Performance testing of the cyberinfrastructure demonstrated the scalability of the system to multiple hundreds of simultaneous data collection devices. Using this cyberinfrastructure, we conducted a case study application in the cities of Logan and Providence, Utah where we found significant variability in the temporal distribution, timing, and volumes of indoor water use. This variability can impact the design of water conservation programs, estimations and forecast of water demand, and sizing of future water infrastructure. Outdoor water use was the largest component of residential water use, yet homeowners were not significantly overwatering their landscapes. Opportunities to improve the efficiency of water using fixtures and to conserve water by promoting behavior changes exist among participants.
title: Investigating Tourists' Decision Making and Intentions for Outdoor Recreation Participation During Early COVID-19
Creators: name: Humagain, Prasanna
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation aims at discerning tourists’ behaviors and decision making processes for outdoor recreation participation, during the early COVID-19 pandemic. An outdoor recreation trip is defined in this study as “a journey involving at least one overnight stay away from home, and where the purpose is to engage in recreational activities in an outdoor or natural environment.” This dissertation first explores the factors that inhibit tourists’ desires for participating in outdoor recreation trips, the strategies they apply to avoid COVID-19 transmission, and the motivational factors that induce their desires for outdoor recreation participation in the COVID-19 context. The impact of COVID-19 is heterogeneous, in nature, with some liberals about the virus whereas the others being more cautious. Then, this dissertation identifies the tourist segments in the population based on their COVID-19 perceptions, and their ability to apply strategies during planning or participating in outdoor recreation trips. Additionally, how tourists' COVID-19 perceptions along with their information search behavior affect the formation of attitudes, desires, social norms, and intentions to participate in outdoor recreation trips in the future is described. Finally, from a group of respondents who recently participated in outdoor recreation trips, this study discerns the relationship between tourists’ evaluation of COVID-19 measures at the destination and tourists' value, satisfaction, and future intentions to visit or recommend the destination to others. Based on different analyses, this study sheds light on tourists' perceptions and behaviors which are useful for tourism destinations and managers to develop marketing, operational, and advertising strategies.
title: Automated Quality Control for In-Situ Water Temperature Sensors
Creators: name: Richardson, Leah S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The identification of data not representative of the target subject for outdoor (in-situ) environmental sensors (bad data) is a topic that has been explored in the past. Many tools (such as data filters and computer models) have succeeded in providing an end user with properly identified incorrect data over 95% of the time. However, with the continuous increase in the use of automated data collection, a simple indication of the bad data may no longer provide the end user with enough information to reduce the amount of time that must be spent for manual quality control. The purpose of this research was to devise and test a data classification technique capable of determining when and why water quality data are incorrect in an environment that experiences seasonal and daily fluctuations. This should reduce or eliminate the need for manual quality control (QC) in a large-volume data system where the range of good data is wide and changes often. The objectives this project sought to achieve were; training a learning machine that could identify local maximum and minimum values as well as dulled signals, and forming a multi-class classifier that accurately placed sensor temperature data into three categories; good, bad (because of exposure of the temperature probe to ambient air temperature), and bad (because the sensor has become buried in sediment). This involved the development of a model using a Multi-Class Relevance Vector Machine (MCRVM), and identification of its parameters that would provide at least 90% removal of false negatives for Classes 2 and 3 (the bad data) using only 100 data points from each class for purposes of training the learning machine. These objectives were met using the following methods: (1) QC completion on water temperature sensors manually, (2) an iterative process that involved the selection of inputs for the model and then the optimization of these values based on the RVMs performance, and (3) evaluation of the best performing machines testing a small group of data and then a full year.
Redefining microbial forensics: a broader scope of applications
Creators: name: Gadiraju, Sumana
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The various applications of microbial testing in forensic human identity testing demonstrate that the scope of microbial forensics is in fact much broader than its definition suggests. The human body consists of ten times more bacterial cells than human cells, all of which make up the human microbiome. The human microbiome is highly complex and is able to provide forensic signatures that are distinct and variable between individuals. Similar to human DNA, human microbes are constantly shedding and can be traced to identify people involved in various types of criminal activity. Microbes from different areas of the body can be investigated based on the type of crime and the type of evidence present at the crime scene.
Thioacetalization of aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by hexabromoacetone
Creators: name: Kittichai Chaiseeda
name: Warinthorn Chavasiri
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protection of p-anisaldehyde with 1,3-propanedithiol under UV irradiation without a catalyst resulted in 87% yield of 1,3-dithiane in 20 min. Addition of hexabromoacetone further reduced the reaction time and UV irradiation also accelerated the formation of dithianes, yielding 95% of 1,3-dithiane in only 1 min. Aromatic aldehydes or ketones with electron-donating substituents at the ortho or para position increased the yield of the corresponding dithianes, while electron-withdrawing group decelerated the reaction. Aldehydes were easier to protect than ketones, and aliphatic ketones were also more readily protected than aromatic ketones. The protection was highly selective towards an aldehyde compared to a ketone.
Comparative Study of Sc(III) Sorption onto Carbon-based Materials
Creators: name: Kilian, Krzysztof
name: Pyrzyńska, Krystyna
name: Pęgier, Mateusz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: The sorption behavior of Sc(III) on different materials including activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO), and the chelating resin Chelex 100 was investigated. In general, the sorption of scandium increases with increasing pH. For pH in the range from 2.5 to 5.5, the sorption of Sc(III) onto CNTs, GO, and Chelex 100 is quantitative, whereas a significantly lower amount of scandium ions was retained on AC. The specific amount of Sc(III) adsorbed at pH 2 attained 2.1, 2.9, 36.5, and 37.9 mg g−1 for AC-COOH, Chelex 100, GO, and CNTs-COOH, respectively. At pH 4, a similar value was obtained for oxidized AC (2.2 mg g−1), whereas the specific amount adsorbed significantly increased for Chelex (23.4 mg g−1). The highest values were obtained for GO (39.7 mg g−1) and oxidized CNTs (42.5 mg g−1). Better kinetic retention was observed at pH 2 for CNTs and GO, whereas at pH 4 the kinetic behavior of Chelex 100, GO, and CNTs toward Sc(III) was comparable.
title: Quantifying the Indirect Effect of Wolves on Aspen in Northern Yellowstone National Park: Evidence for a Trophic Cascade?
Creators: name: Brice, Elaine M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Yellowstone National Park is renowned for its incredible wildlife, and perhaps the most famous of these species is the gray wolf, which was reintroduced to the Park in the mid-1990s. After reintroduction, it was highly publicized by scientists, journalists, and environmentalists that the wolf both decreased elk density and changed elk behavior in a way that reduced elk effects on plants, a process known as a “trophic cascade.” Aspen, which is eaten by elk in winter, is one species at the forefront of Yellowstone trophic cascade research because it has been in decline across the Park for over a century. However, due to the challenges of measuring trophic cascades, there is continued uncertainty regarding the effects of wolves on aspen in northern Yellowstone. Thus, the purpose of my dissertation was to provide a comprehensive test of a trophic cascade in this system. Specifically, I used 20 years of data on aspen, elk, and wolves in Yellowstone to: 1) clarify annual trends in browsing and height of young aspen (a proxy for regeneration) after wolf reintroduction, 2) assess the influence of wolves scaring elk on aspen (“trait-mediated indirect effects”), and 3) evaluate the effect of wolves killing elk on aspen (“density-mediated indirect effects”).
My research suggests that wolves indirectly contributed to increased aspen over story recruitment following their reintroduction by helping to reduce the elk population size, but elk response to the risk of wolf predation did not reduce elk foraging in a way that measurably increased aspen recruitment. Additionally, hunter harvest of elk north of the park was twice as important as wolf predation in causing increased aspen recruitment. However, despite wolves and hunters limiting elk abundance, it is still uncommon for young aspen to grow past peak browsing height (120-cm), indicating that many stands remain vulnerable to elk herbivory nearly 30 years after wolf reintroduction. These results highlight that the strength and mechanism of predator effects on plant communities are context-specific. Thus, using predator reintroduction as a tool for ecosystem restoration without considering the many factors that shape trophic cascades may result in different management and conservation outcomes than intended.
Additional file 1 of Targeting CD33 for acute myeloid leukemia therapy
Creators: name: Liu, Jingjing
name: Tong, Jiayin
name: Yang, Haiping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure. The distribution of CD33.
Maxwell Stress to Explain the Mechanism for the Anisotropic Expansion in Lithiated Silicon Nanowires
Creators: name: Boone, Donald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: Applied Physics
Computational Physics
Quantum Mechanics

description: This computational research study attempts to explain the process that leads to volume expansion during insertion of lithium ions into a silicon nanowire. During lithiation, electrons flow through the nanowire in the opposing direction of lithium ions insertion. This causes an applied electromagnetic field which is described as being a quantum mechanical version of photon density wave theory. A series of events are calculated as the individual electrons and photons travels through the lithiated silicon nanowire. The hypothesis that will be presented employs the Maxwell stress tensor to calculate the refractive indices in three orthogonal directions during lithiation. The quantum harmonic oscillator and the electromagnetic intensity will be utilized in this presentation to calculate the energy of electrons and optical amplification of the electromagnetic field respectively. The main focus of this research study will use electron scattering theory, spontaneous and stimulated emission theory to model the breaking of cohesion bonds between silicon atoms that ultimately leads to excessive volume expansion that is witnessed during the lithiation process in Si nanowires.
Modifying the rat grimace scale for the sub-second assessment of acute pain
Creators: name: Mody, Kinjal
name: Woods, Kiyoshi
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The goal of this study is to improve the way pain is measured in rodents. A previous 2019 publication by Dr. Nathan T. Fried utilized slow-motion videography and statistical modeling to analyze hind paw withdrawal caused by painful stimuli. Upon reanalyzing the one-second slow-motion videos from his study, there was more data in the facial features of the rat, which was not characterized in his work. A 2011 study performed in Dr. Jeffrey Mogil’s lab led to the development of the Rat and Mouse Grimace Scales (RGS, MGS), which measure facial features of pain in these rodents. However, their measurement using the Grimace Scale relied on 30 minutes of video analysis. This project further applies the RGS to the one-second slow-motion videos to assess facial rat grimace in response to different painful stimuli.
Comparative study of Sc(III) sorption onto carbon-based materials
Creators: name: Kilian, Krzysztof
name: Pyrzyńska, Krystyna
name: Pęgier, Mateusz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: The sorption behaviour of Sc(III) on different materials including activated carbon (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxide (GO) and the chelating resin Chelex 100 was investigated. In general, the sorption of scandium increases with increasing pH. For pH in the range from 2.5–5.5 the sorption of Sc(III) onto CNTs, GO and Chelex 100 is quantitative, whilst a significantly lower amount of scandium ions were retained on activated carbon. The specific amount of Sc(III) adsorbed at pH 2 attained 2.1, 2.9, 36.5 and 37.9 mg g−1 for AC-COOH, Chelex 100, GO and CNTs-COOH, respectively. At pH 4 a similar value was obtained for oxidised activated carbon (2.2 mg g−1), while the specific amount adsorbed significantly increased for Chelex (23.4 mg g−1). The highest values were obtained for graphene oxide (39.7 mg g−1) and oxidised carbon nanotubes (42.5 mg g−1). Better kinetic retention was observed at pH 2 for carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide, while at pH 4 the kinetic behaviour of Chelex 100, GO and CNTs towards Sc(III) was comparable.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of ocrelizumab versus subcutaneous interferon beta-1a for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Hongbo Yang
name: Duchesneau, Emilie
name: Foster, Rebekah
name: Guerin, Annie
name: Esprit Ma
name: Thomas, Nina P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Aim: To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare ocrelizumab vs subcutaneous (SC) interferon beta-1a for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Methods: A Markov cohort model with a 20-year horizon was developed to compare ocrelizumab with SC interferon beta-1a from a US payer perspective. A cohort of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores of 0–6, who initiated treatment with ocrelizumab or SC interferon beta-1a, were entered into the model. The model considered 21 health states: EDSS 0–9 in RRMS, EDSS 0–9 in secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), and death. Patients with RRMS could transition across EDSS scores, progress to SPMS, experience relapses, or die. Transition probabilities within RRMS while patients received ocrelizumab or SC interferon beta-1a were based on data from the two SC interferon beta-1a-controlled Phase III OPERA I and OPERA II trials of ocrelizumab in RMS. Transitions within RRMS when off-treatment, RRMS-to-SPMS transitions, transitions within SPMS, and transitions to death were based on the literature. Utilities of health states, disutilities of relapses, costs of therapies, and medical costs associated with health states, relapse, and adverse events were from the literature and publicly available data sources. The model estimated per-patient total costs, incremental cost per life year (LY) gained, and incremental cost per quality-adjusted LY (QALY) gained. Deterministic sensitivity analyses (DSA) and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the model results. Results: Ocrelizumab was associated with a cost savings of $63,822 and longer LYs (Δ = 0.046) and QALYs (Δ = 0.556) over a 20-year time horizon. The results of the model were robust in the DSA and PSA. Limitations: The model did not consider subsequent treatments and their impact on disease progression. Conclusions: The results suggest that ocrelizumab is more cost-effective than SC interferon beta-1a for the treatment of RMS.
Die ökologische Nische: Ein Dosis-Wirkungs-Experiment zur Ermittlung des physiologischen Spektrums verschiedener Getreidearten
Creators: name: Haunhorst, Darius
name: Stockey, Andreas
name: Wilde, Matthias
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: In diesem Beitrag wird ein Experiment zur Bestimmung der NaCl-Toleranz von Getreidearten vorgestellt. Die zuvor erworbenen Kenntnisse zur osmotischen Wirkung von NaCl werden vorausgesetzt. Das Experiment ist Kernelement einer Einheit zur Einführung von fundamentaler und realer Nische. Durch die Thematisierung von interspezifischer Konkurrenz, wie z.B. über die exemplarische Bearbeitung des historischen Hohenheimer Grundwasserversuchs (Ellenberg, 1952), wird zum darauffolgenden Schwerpunkt „Selektion und Evolution“ übergeleitet.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2020): Der Basiskurs Naturwissenschaften am Oberstufen-Kolleg Bielefeld
Selektion und Evolution: Ein Schülersimulationsexperiment zur selektiven Wirkung der Räuber-Beute-Beziehung
Creators: name: Stiller, Cornelia
name: Bekel-Kastrup, Holger
name: Stockey, Andreas
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: In dieser Unterrichtseinheit wird am Beispiel des Birkenspanners das Phänomen der gerichteten Selektion erarbeitet und mit einem Selektions-Simulations-Experiment veranschaulicht. Dabei erfolgt eine Verknüpfung der genetischen (Vererbbarkeit und Variabilität von Merkmalen), ökologischen (Räuber-Beute-Beziehung und negative Rückkoppelung in Ökosystemen) und evolutiven (Selektion und Anpassung) Aspekte des Phänomens. Auf der methodischen Ebene ermöglicht dieses Simulationsexperiment die Anwendung aller in den vorherigen Experimenten erlernten Kompetenzen.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2020): Der Basiskurs Naturwissenschaften am Oberstufen-Kolleg Bielefeld
title: Yang-Mills Sources in Biconformal Double Field Theory
Creators: name: Muhwezi, Davis W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: There is a robust and unifying approach to unraveling the roiling mysteries of the universe. Our most compelling accounts of physical reality at present rest on symmetry arguments that are conspicuously geometrical!
105 years ago, Albert Einstein derived gravity from Riemannian geometry. In the general theory of relativity, the world of our experience is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold whose curvature represents the gravitational field. Encoded in the Einstein field equation is how matter sources(energy-momentum tensor) couple to gravity (spacetime curvature). Schematically, the Einstein equation exhibits a more general structure:
Curvature of Spacetime = Material Sources
On one side of the equation are mathematical expressions that characterize in detail the curved shape of space and time. On the source side we write an expression collecting the energy and momentum densities of the different matter fields that move about in the world. Due to a profound theorem by Emmy Noether, these sources are built of conserved "currents" corresponding to matter sources that are described by certain symmetries.
In this thesis, we confront and resolve the question of how Yang-Mills matter fields couple to a scale-invariant model of gravity, called biconformal gravity. Biconformal gravity arises from a construction that imposes, in addition to local Lorentz symmetry, local dilatational symmetry. The need of the latter symmetry in a physical theory is nothing more inscrutable than the realization that the laws of physics should not change when we change units(i.e. meters, miles, kilograms) of our experimental measurements.
Assuming vanishing torsion, biconformal gravity not only reduces to scale invariant general relativity, but time emerges as part of the physical theory. Somewhat remarkably, we have shown that biconformal gravity also requires the sources to take the expected form.
Loss of habitat and connectivity during drought
Creators: name: Laize, Cedric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 50101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Physical Geography
subject: 40604 Natural Hazards

description: Oral presentation at HydroEco 2017, Birmingham, UK Eco-hydraulics as a mean to assess the impact of drought on river ecosystems. During a drought, the decrease in discharge first cause a loss of physical habitat, then of connectivity. River hydraulics represented using Hydraulic Geometry (HG), which is a simple characterisation of river hydraulics as wetted width, mean water depth, and mean water velocity modelled as power functions of flow in natural rivers. Quantified typical habitat loss at ~400 sites during drought years. Site information then aggregated at catchment level to assess catchment fragmentation under drought conditions.
title: Differential Transcriptome Analysis Reveals that Cache Valley PM2.5 Triggers the Unfolded Protein Response in Human Lung Cells
Creators: name: Eggleston, Morgan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: Worldwide, exposure to air pollution is a serious human health threat. Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a mixture of suspended solid and/or liquid particles and particle size is determined by its aerodynamic diameter. Fine, or “respirable” particles, typically from vehicle emissions, manufacturing, power generation, agriculture, as well as secondary photochemical reactions, are classified as ≤2.5μm in diameter (PM2.5). Upon inhalation, PM2.5 particles can reach the lower, more sensitive regions of the lung, enter the bloodstream, and be distributed to other areas in the body. Large-scale epidemiology studies have shown that PM2.5 air pollution is associated with increases in all-cause mortality, cardiopulmonary and cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. The normally picturesque Cache Valley of Northern Utah frequently experiences some of the highest PM2.5 concentrations in the United States during inversion events in the winter months. Elevated wintertime PM2.5 concentrations in Cache Valley are primarily due to a combination of human activity and environmental factors. However, the exact mechanism(s) of Cache Valley PM2.5 (CVPM) toxicity, or how CVPM may affect the health of Cache Valley residents, are not fully understood. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that CVPM exposure in cultured human lung cells is associated with the inflammatory response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the unfolded protein response (UPR), a well-known stress-response system in cells. The purpose of this study was to confirm our previous findings since our method for collecting local CVPM was updated to a more effective particle collection system. In the present study, next-generation RNA sequencing revealed that human lung cells exposed to CVPM had gene expression changes related to activation of the UPR. Disruptions in normal cell conditions, or homeostasis, were also observed. Identification of the UPR as an operative mechanism of PM2.5 toxicity will represent an important breakthrough in our understanding of pollutant toxicology because activation of the UPR has been linked to many serious diseases, such as diabetes, retinal degeneration, metabolic disease, and even cancer. My research is also significant because it will enable more accurate risk estimates of CVPM exposure and may help guide positive changes in government regulations to improve air quality.
Osmotische Wirkung von Kochsalz: Ein Schülerexperiment zur Bestimmung der Zellsaftkonzentration bei verschiedenen Gemüsearten
Creators: name: Schumacher, Fabian
name: Beyer-Sehlmeyer, Gabriele
name: Henrich, Stefanie
name: Polte, Sabrina
name: Stockey, Andreas
name: Wilde, Matthias
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Salze sind für Lebewesen lebenswichtig. In hohen Konzentrationen wirken sie aber u.U. toxisch. In vorhergehenden Unterrichtseinheiten haben sich die Schüler*innen bereits mit dem Aufbau und der Struktur von tierischen und pflanzlichen Zellen beschäftigt. In der vorliegenden Einheit wird den Schüler*innen die Gelegenheit gegeben, die Wirkung von Salzen auf Zellen zu verstehen. Eine Messung der Gewichtsveränderung, verursacht durch osmotische Vorgänge in den Zellen, ermöglicht die Bestimmung und den Vergleich der Zellsaft-Konzentration von Gemüsearten.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2020): Der Basiskurs Naturwissenschaften am Oberstufen-Kolleg Bielefeld
Interest, learning opportunities and teaching experience as predictors of professional vision in gender-sensitive physics education
Creators: name: Atanasova, Sanja
name: Robin, Nicolas
name: Brovelli, Dorothee
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Professional vision
physics education
gender equity

description: To promote gender equity in physics education, it is essential to understand the factors that influence how even pre-service teachers perceive, interpret and make decisions when gender inequities arise in the classroom. This means that we need to pay particular attention to teachers’ professional vision of gender-sensitive physics teaching. The following study examines pre-service teachers’ interest in gender-sensitive teaching and learning, as well as their learning opportunities and teaching experiences as potential predictors of their professional vision. A questionnaire and a vignette test were used for a cross-sectional survey of 586 pre-service teachers in Switzerland. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyse the predictors. The results contribute to the current research on gender-sensitive physics education, highlighting the importance of interest as the strongest predictor, followed by teaching experience and number of learning opportunities. The results are discussed in terms of their relevance for teacher training programs in gender-sensitive science education.
Genderkompetenz messen – Erfassung der situationsbezogenen Fähigkeiten von Lehrpersonen in Bezug auf genderrelevante Aspekte im Physikunterricht
Creators: name: Atanasova, Sanja
name: Robin, Nicolas
name: Brovelli, Dorothee
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gendergerechtigkeit
Physikunterricht
Situationsbezogene Fähigkeiten
Professional vision
angehende Lehrpersonen
Vignettentest

description: Gendersensibel zu unterrichten ist insbesondere in männlich konnotierten Fächern wie Physik eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe. Lehrpersonen sind gefordert, vorherrschenden Geschlechterstereotypen und Genderungerechtigkeiten entgegenzuwirken und den Unterricht so zu gestalten, dass er alle Geschlechter anspricht und fördert. Zudem sollten Lehrpersonen auch kritische genderrelevante Aspekte im Unterricht wahrnehmen und adäquat darauf regieren. Diese situationsbezogenen Fähigkeiten werden als wichtiger Bestandteil der Genderkompetenz von Lehrpersonen angesehen. Sie sind im Zusammenhang mit der Überwindung der geschlechtsbezogenen Disparitäten im Physikunterricht von besonderem Interesse. Bislang fehlt es aber an geeigneten Instrumenten, um diese Fähigkeiten bei (angehenden) Lehrpersonen zu untersuchen. Deshalb wurde in der vorliegenden Studie ein textbasierter Vignettentest mit kritischen genderrelevanten Aspekten im Physikunterricht entwickelt. Die 16 kritischen Aspekte wurden theoriebasiert entwickelt und fokussieren vier Facetten eines gendersensiblen Physikunterrichts: (1) gendersensible Unterrichtsformen, (2) gendersensible Zugänge und Vermittlung von physikalischen Inhalten, (3) gendersensible Unterrichtsmaterialen und (4) gendersensible Feedbacks und Interaktionen. Mithilfe von Expert*innen (N = 6) wurde eine Befragung durchgeführt, um die inhaltliche Validität des Vignettentests sicherzustellen. Zusätzlich wurde der Vignettentest mit angehenden Lehrpersonen (N = 41) erprobt. Die Inhaltsvalidität wurde anhand des Content Validity Index (CVI) auf Item- (I-CVI) und Skalenebene (S-CVI) berechnet, sowie unter Einbezug des modifizierten Kappa-Koeffizienten (k*). Insgesamt kann im vorgestellten Vignettentest von einer sehr guten Inhaltsvalidität, im Sinne einer hohen Relevanz und Repräsentativität der genderrelevanten Aspekte, ausgegangen werden. Mit diesem Instrument wird ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehrpersonenausbildung geleistet, in dem die Auseinandersetzung und Erforschung von genderrelevanten Aspekten im naturwissenschaftlichen Bereich ermöglicht wird.
Supplementary Material for: Long-Term Prognosis of Alopecia Totalis and Alopecia Universalis: A Longitudinal Study with More than 10 Years of Follow-Up: Better than Reported
Creators: name: Jang, Y.H.
name: Hong, N.-S.
name: Moon, S.Y.
name: Eun, D.H.
name: Lee, W.K.
name: Chi, S.G.
name: Kim, J.Y.
name: Lee, W.J.
name: Lee, S.-J.
name: Kim, D.W.
Publisher: name: Karger Publishers
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine

description: Background: In alopecia totalis (AT) and alopecia universalis (AU), the chance of full hair regrowth is known to be less than 10%. However, this information is based on a few older studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s. Objective: We investigated the current long-term prognosis of individuals with AT/AU. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with AT/AU between 1994 and 2005. Outcome data were collected by reviewing outpatient clinical files or by phone interviews. Finally, the long-term assessment of 70 patients with valid outcome data was performed. Results: Twelve out of 70 patients with AT/AU (17.1%) had complete hair regrowth. Five out of 24 patients with AT (20.8%) showed complete hair regrowth, and 7 of 46 patients with AU (15.2%) achieved complete regrowth. Seventeen out of 70 patients with AT/AU (24.2%) reported hair regrowth greater than or equal to 90%. Thirty patients with AU (65.2%) remained in an alopecic state without improvement, while 5 patients with AT (20.8%) showed no hair regrowth. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the long-term prognosis of AT/AU is more favorable than previously thought. However, the clinical burden of AT/AU is still substantial.
Lösungswärme energetisch betrachtet: Ein Schülerexperiment zur Bestimmung der konzentrationsabhängigen Lösungsenthalpie beim Lösen verschiedener Salze
Creators: name: Stiller, Cornelia
name: Beyer-Sehlmeyer, Gabriele
name: Friedrich, Gudrun
name: Stockey, Andreas
name: Allmers, Tobias
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Im folgenden Beitrag wird ein Schülerexperiment zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Temperaturänderung beim Lösen von Salzen vorgestellt. Im Rahmen des Gesamtkonzeptes des Kurses haben sich die Schüler*innen davor mit der Dichte von Salzlösungen beschäftigt. Der für diese Unterrichtseinheit wichtige Energiebegriff wurde bereits in der Unterrichtseinheit zur Energieerhaltung am Beispiel des Fadenpendels eingeführt und wird hier in einem anderen Kontext aufgegriffen. Anhand des Experiments werden die energetischen Vorgänge beim Lösen eines Salzes erarbeitet.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2020): Der Basiskurs Naturwissenschaften am Oberstufen-Kolleg Bielefeld
title: Bioinorganic Chemistry of Nickel
Creators: name: Maroney, Michael J.
name: Ciurli, Stefano
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

description: Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is an excerpt from the first page. Following the discovery of the first specific and essential role of nickel in biology in 1975 (the dinuclear active site of the enzyme urease) [1], nickel has become a major player in bioinorganic chemistry, particularly in microorganisms, having impacts on both environmental settings and human pathologies. At least nine classes of enzymes are now known to require nickel in their active sites, including catalysis of redox [(Ni,Fe) hydrogenases, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, methyl coenzyme M reductase, acetyl coenzyme A synthase, superoxide dismutase] and nonredox (glyoxalase I, acireductone dioxygenase, lactate isomerase, urease) chemistries. In addition, the dark side of nickel has been illuminated in regard to its participation in microbial pathogenesis, cancer, and immune responses. Knowledge gleaned from the investigations of inorganic chemists into the coordination and redox chemistry of this element have boosted the understanding of these biological roles of nickel in each context. In this issue, eleven contributions, including four original research articles and seven critical reviews, will update the reader on the broad spectrum of the role of nickel in biology.
Ionenwanderungen in Kochsalzlösungen: Ein Schülerexperiment zur Bestimmung des elektrischen Leitwerts von Kochsalzlösungen
Creators: name: Allmers, Tobias
name: Beyer-Sehlmeyer, Gabriele
name: Schumacher, Fabian
name: Wilde, Matthias
Publisher: name: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung.
Year: 2020

description: Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Schülerexperiment zur Bestimmung des Leitwerts von Kochsalzlösungen beschrieben. Die Abhängigkeit des Leitwerts von der Konzentration und der Temperatur wird untersucht und mithilfe von Modellannahmen gedeutet. Während der Auswertung wird in das Auffinden von Ausgleichsgeraden durch Regressionsrechnung eingeführt. Die Stärke des linearen Zusammenhangs wird über eine Korrelationsrechnung kontrolliert. In einer Anwendung werden ferner Konzentrationen von Kochsalzlösungen über die Messung des Leitwerts unter Rückgriff auf eine Kalibrierkurve bestimmt und die Qualität der Methode zur Konzentrationsbestimmung reflektiert.
description: PraxisForschungLehrer*innenBildung. Zeitschrift für Schul- und Professionsentwicklung., Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2020): Der Basiskurs Naturwissenschaften am Oberstufen-Kolleg Bielefeld