cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Kodaira dimension of some moduli spaces of elliptic K3 surfaces
Creators: name: Fortuna, Mauro
name: Mezzedimi, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J15 (Primary) 14J28 14J27, 32M15 (Secondary) 32N15

description: We study the moduli spaces of elliptic K3 surfaces of Picard number at least 3, i.e. $U\oplus \langle -2k \rangle$-polarized K3 surfaces. Such moduli spaces are proved to be of general type for $k\geq 220$. The proof relies on the low-weight cusp form trick developed by Gritsenko, Hulek and Sankaran. Furthermore, explicit geometric constructions of some elliptic K3 surfaces lead to the unirationality of these moduli spaces for $k < 11$ and for 19 other isolated values up to $k=64$.
description: Final version published in "Journal of the London Mathematical Society"
Mid-infrared emission of galactic nuclei: TIMMI2 versus ISO observations and models
Creators: name: Siebenmorgen, R.
name: Kr"ugel, E.
name: Spoon, H. W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the mid-infrared radiation of galaxies that are powered by a starburst or by an AGN. For this end, we compare the spectra obtained at different spatial scales in a sample of infrared bright galaxies. ISO observations which include emission of the nucleus as well as most of the host galaxy are compared with TIMMI2 spectra of the nuclear region. We find that ISO spectra are generally dominated by strong PAH bands. However, this is no longer true when inspecting the mid-infrared emission of the pure nucleus. Here PAH emission is detected in starbursts whereas it is significantly reduced or completely absent in AGNs. A physical explanation of these new observational results is presented by examining the temperature fluctuation of a PAH after interaction with a photon. It turns out that the hardness of the radiation field is a key parameter for quantifying the photo-destruction of small grains. Our theoretical study predicts PAH evaporation in soft X-ray environments. Radiative transfer calculations of clumpy starbursts and AGN corroborate the observational fact that PAH emission is connected to starburst activity whereas PAHs are destroyed near an AGN. The radiative transfer models predict for starbursts a much larger mid-infrared size than for AGN. This is confirmed by our TIMMI2 acquisition images: We find that the mid-infrared emission of Seyferts is dominated by a compact core while most of the starbursts are spatially resolved.
description: 19 pages, 22 Figures, accepted by A&A
Shape model and spin state of non-principal axis rotator (5247) Krylov
Creators: name: Lee, H. -J.
name: Ďurech, J.
name: Kim, M. -J.
name: Moon, H. -K.
name: Kim, C. -H.
name: Choi, Y. -J.
name: Galád, A.
name: Pray, D.
name: Marciniak, A.
name: Kaplan, M.
name: Erece, O.
name: Duffard, R.
name: Gajdoš, Š.
name: Világi, J.
name: Lehký, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The study of non-principal axis (NPA) rotators can provide important clues to the evolution of the spin state of asteroids. However, so far, very few studies have focused on NPA-rotating main-belt asteroids (MBAs). One of MBAs that are known to be in an excited rotation state is asteroid (5247) Krylov. Aims. By using disk-integrated photometric data, we construct a physical model of (5247) Krylov including shape and spin state. Methods. We apply the light curve convex inversion method employing optical light curves obtained by using ground-based telescopes in three apparitions during 2006, 2016, and 2017, along with infrared light curves obtained by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite in 2010. Results. Asteroid (5247)~Krylov is spinning in a short axis mode (SAM) characterized by rotation and precession periods of 368.7 hr and 67.27 hr, respectively. The angular momentum vector orientation of Krylov is found to be $λ_{L} = 298^\circ$ and $β_{L} = -58^\circ$. The ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the basic spin state energy $E/E_{0} \simeq 1.02$ shows that the (5247) Krylov is about 2% excited state compared to the Principal Axis (PA) rotation state. The shape of (5247) Krylov can be approximated by an elongated prolate ellipsoid with a ratio of moments of inertia of $I_{a}:I_{b}:I_{c}=0.36:0.96:1$. This is the first physical model of NPA rotator among MBAs. The physical processes that led to the current NPA rotation cannot be unambiguously reconstructed.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics
Deliverable 5.9 Policy brief
Creators: name: Palczynski, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: reports
policy
knowledge reservoirs

description: In cooperation with the Strategic Working Group of the Standing Committee on Agricultural Research on Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (SWG SCAR AKIS), a policy paper will be written to create awareness on the EURAKNOS output to policymakers, government institutions, advisory groups, decision making bodies, etc. It addresses policymakers and funding agencies at European, national and regional level on how to ensure sustainability of TNs and their outputs, ensuring integration into the EIP-AGRI and the Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System (AKIS) at national and European levels.
 Results and conclusion:
 Six policy recommendations that relate to the sustainability of TNs and their outputs are presented. The Policy Brief article is published on the EURAKNOS website and in the Horizon Results Platform (policy related results).
The decline of Black institutions and the rise of violent crime in urban Black America post-integration
Creators: name: Powers, Tyrone
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Much scholarly debate over the past twenty years in the field of race relations in the United States has included the issue of race and crime. Considering the disproportionate number of Blacks under the umbrella of the Criminal Justice system and the unparalleled tripling of the Black murder rate, a study of the root causes of crime in urban Black America is warranted. The Black experience in the United States suggests that there are unique factors that help explain the disproportionate amount of violent crime in urban Black communities. The present investigation looks at the role that the out-migration of the Black middle class from urban Black America played in the decline of Black institutions and the subsequent increase in violent crime. Baltimore, Maryland, will be used as a case study. Prior to integration an analysis of Blacks as a homogeneous group may have had "some" merit. The research indicates that legal "segregation" may have served an unintended positive purpose; it allowed for ample mentoring amongst professional and non-professional Blacks and their children and created what Emile Durkheim identified as a collective conscience. Post-integration studies on Black America indicate a different structure. Studies that continue to describe Blacks as a homogeneous group that has been effected uniformly by economic and social changes in America add to the conceptual confusion. The present dissertation indicates that certain social, economic and political trends over the past thirty years have resulted in a growing differential in opportunity and achievement for two segments of the Black population. A new Black middle class has emerged. This group has been privy to a greater socioeconomic status and has attempted to assimilate into "White America.". The physical and philosophical migration of middle class Blacks out of urban America has mitigated the significance of the institutions in which the necessary collective conscience had been rooted the Black Church, Black Civil Rights Organizations and Leadership, Black Economics and the Black Family. The decline of these institutions has left urban lower class Blacks in a state of anomie and alienation, which has contributed to the present increase in violent crime.
Microscopic theory of equilibrium properties of F/S/F trilayers with weak ferromagnets
Creators: name: Mélin, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to explain the non monotonic temperature dependence of the self-consistent superconducting gap of ferromagnet/superconductor/ferromagnet (F/S/F) trilayers with weak ferromagnets in the parallel alignment (equivalent to F/S bilayers). We show that this is due to Andreev bound states that compete with the formation of a minigap. Using a recursive algorithm we discuss in detail the roles of various parameters (thicknesses of the superconductor and ferromagnets, relative spin orientation of the ferromagnets, exchange field, temperature, disorder, interface transparencies).
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, modifications in the presentation
New institutionalist essays on collective action: Evidence from Bulgarian cooperatives
Creators: name: Spreeuw, Darren Louis
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 3803
subject: Economic theory

description: With the collapse of the state socialist regimes of Eastern Europe, agricultural production cooperatives have emerged and flourished despite the theoretical problems of such organizational forms, mainly incentive problems that induce workers to shirk--to "free-ride." This dissertation utilizes adapted models of collective action to explain how cooperatives have overcome problems of free-riding with regard to labor effort provision. In the first essay, the model shows how villagers facing this collective action problem may utilize peer-monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to create incentives within the cooperative that control free-riding. These institutions allow cooperative members to gather important information regarding the work efforts of fellow members, and such information affects the strategies and actions available within the game theoretic model. Further, peer monitoring and enforcement are facilitated by high levels of social cohesion--equality, a shared history of collective action, and repeated interactions within dense social networks. By modeling these institutions into a game that takes place over time, players have access to information from previous periods, and can formulate conditional strategies--"I will cooperate if you cooperate." Within the model, the game structure need not be that of the "prisoner's dilemma," as presented by past models of collective action. The model is empirically tested by case study data collected during a nine month Fulbright Fellowship in Bulgaria. In the second essay, altruistic preferences are added to the model, which shows how villagers facing this collective action problem may be able to draw on shared group affiliations to limit free riding. The model hypothesizes that in villages where equality and a shared history have created a cohesive community, the preferences of an individual cooperative member may be affected by the welfare of other members. With altruism included into member utility functions, members may have incentives to provide higher levels of labor effort to the cooperative. Altruistic preferences, promoted in a cohesive community, can change the theoretical game from a prisoner's dilemma to a game where cooperation is more probable. The third essay is a historical study of the state's support for the institutional transplant of Raiffeisen credit cooperatives in Bulgaria.
Additional file 2 of Severe hydroxymethylbilane synthase deficiency causes depression-like behavior and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of homozygous dominant acute intermittent porphyria
Creators: name: Berger, Stefanie
name: Stattmann, Miranda
name: Cicvaric, Ana
name: Monje, Francisco J.
name: Pierluca Coiro
name: Hotka, Matej
name: Ricken, Gerda
name: Hainfellner, Johannes
name: Greber-Platzer, Susanne
name: Yasuda, Makiko
name: Desnick, Robert J.
name: Pollak, Daniela D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. 228 differentially expressed transcripts were downregulated in HMBS-deficient mice. Columns are as follows: Gene short-name, locus, sample 1+2, value 1+2 (mean reads RPKM), fold change, p-value, q-value. Table S3. 92 differentially expressed transcripts were upregulated in HMBS-deficient mice. Columns are as follows: Gene short-name, locus, sample 1+2, value 1+2 (mean reads RPKM), fold change, p-value, q-value.
Describing, modelling and forecasting the spatial and temporal spread of COVID-19 -- A short review
Creators: name: Arino, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: SARS-CoV-2 started propagating worldwide in January 2020 and has now reached virtually all communities on the planet. This short review provides evidence of this spread and documents modelling efforts undertaken to understand and forecast it, including a short section about the new variants that emerged in late 2020.
Industrial-Scale Passive Testing with T-EARS
Creators: name: Flemström, Daniel
name: Jonsson, Henrik
name: Enoiu, Eduard Paul
name: Afzal, Wasif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: software testing
passive testing
test case automation

description: Passive testing continuously observes the system or system execution logs without any interference or instrumentation to test diverse combinations of functions, resulting in a more thorough evaluation over time. However, reaching a working solution to passive testing is not without challenges. While there have been some efforts to extract information from system requirements to create passive test cases, to our knowledge, no such efforts are mature enough to be applied in a real, industrial safety-critical context. Our passive testing approach uses the Timed -Easy Approach to Requirements Syntax (T-EARS) specification language and its accompanying tool-chain. This study report challenges and solutions to introducing system-level passive testing for a vehicular safety-critical system through industrial data analysis, including 116 safety-related requirements. Our results show that passive testing using the T-EARS language and its tool-chain can be used for system-level testing in an industrial setting for 64% of the studied requirements. We identified several sources of false-positive results and show how to tune test cases to reduce such false positives systematically. Finally, we show the requirement coverage achieved by a manual test session and that passive testing using T-EARS can find a set of injected faults that are considered hard to find with other test techniques
description: This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement Nos. 871319, 957212 and from the Swedish Innovation Agency (Vinnova) through the XIVT project
Gain with a Drain? Evidence from Rural Mexico on the New Economics of the Brain Drain
Creators: name: Boucher, Steve
name: Stark, Oded
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Boucher, Steve
name: Stark, Oded
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
International Development

description: Evidence is presented in support of the “brain gain” view that the likelihood of migrating to a destination wherein the returns to human capital (schooling) are high creates incentives to acquire human capital in migrant-sending areas. In Mexico, even though internal migrants are more educated than those who stay behind, the average level of schooling in the migrant-sending villages increases with internal migration. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the dynamic investment effects reverse the static, depletion effects of migration on schooling. Households’ access to high-skill internal migration networks significantly increases the likelihood that children will attend school beyond the compulsory level. Access to low-skill internal networks has the opposite effect. By contrast with internal migration, migration from rural Mexico to the U.S. does not select positively on schooling, nor does it significantly influence human capital formation, even though remittances from Mexican migrants in the U.S. far outweigh remittances from internal migrants.
Entropy production far from equilibrium in a chiral charged plasma in the presence of external electromagnetic fields
Creators: name: Cartwright, Casey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the time evolution of a charged strongly coupled $N=4$ SYM plasma with an axial anomaly subjected to strong electromagnetic fields. The evolution of this plasma corresponds to a fully backreacted asymptotically AdS$_5$ solution to the Einstein-Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. We explore the evolution of the axial current and production of axial charges. As an application we show that after a sufficiently long time both the entropy and the holographic entanglement entropy of a strip-like topology ( both parallel to and transverse to the flow of axial current) grow linearly in time.
description: v2: published version, 32 pages. Major changes including: multiple new images, revisions of the body of the text and discussion throughout the work, two additional appendices and further discussion has been included on the minimal surfaces. Comments are always welcome via email
BCS-like Modewise Entanglement of Fermion Gaussian States
Creators: name: Botero, Alonso
name: Reznik, Benni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that with respect to any bipartite division of modes, pure fermion gaussian states display the same type of structure in its entanglement of modes as that of the BCS wave function, namely, that of a tensor product of entangled two-mode squeezed fermion states. We show that this structure applies to a wider class of "isotropic" mixed fermion states, for which we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for mode entanglement.
description: 10 pages, RevTex4
Activities of the Operating Room, July 1944
Creators: name: Bradburn, George Burmell, 1908-1968
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War II
subject: 12th General Hospital
subject: Surgery
subject: Surgical Procedures, Operative
subject: Surgical Equipment
subject: Equipment and Supplies, Hospital
subject: Hospitals, Military
subject: Anesthesia
subject: Wounds and Injuries
subject: Rome (Italy)
subject: Wounds and Injuries/therapy

description: These monthly reports consist of statistical tables that note the number of specific types of surgeries the 12th General Hospital Unit performed as well as information about surgical supplies.
New institutionalist essays on collective action: Evidence from Bulgarian cooperatives
Creators: name: Spreeuw, Darren Louis
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: With the collapse of the state socialist regimes of Eastern Europe, agricultural production cooperatives have emerged and flourished despite the theoretical problems of such organizational forms, mainly incentive problems that induce workers to shirk--to "free-ride." This dissertation utilizes adapted models of collective action to explain how cooperatives have overcome problems of free-riding with regard to labor effort provision. In the first essay, the model shows how villagers facing this collective action problem may utilize peer-monitoring and enforcement mechanisms to create incentives within the cooperative that control free-riding. These institutions allow cooperative members to gather important information regarding the work efforts of fellow members, and such information affects the strategies and actions available within the game theoretic model. Further, peer monitoring and enforcement are facilitated by high levels of social cohesion--equality, a shared history of collective action, and repeated interactions within dense social networks. By modeling these institutions into a game that takes place over time, players have access to information from previous periods, and can formulate conditional strategies--"I will cooperate if you cooperate." Within the model, the game structure need not be that of the "prisoner's dilemma," as presented by past models of collective action. The model is empirically tested by case study data collected during a nine month Fulbright Fellowship in Bulgaria. In the second essay, altruistic preferences are added to the model, which shows how villagers facing this collective action problem may be able to draw on shared group affiliations to limit free riding. The model hypothesizes that in villages where equality and a shared history have created a cohesive community, the preferences of an individual cooperative member may be affected by the welfare of other members. With altruism included into member utility functions, members may have incentives to provide higher levels of labor effort to the cooperative. Altruistic preferences, promoted in a cohesive community, can change the theoretical game from a prisoner's dilemma to a game where cooperation is more probable. The third essay is a historical study of the state's support for the institutional transplant of Raiffeisen credit cooperatives in Bulgaria.
Renormalization of Lepton Mixing for Majorana Neutrinos
Creators: name: Broncano, A.
name: Gavela, M. B.
name: Jenkins, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the one-loop electroweak renormalization of the leptonic mixing matrix in the case of Majorana neutrinos, and establish its relationship with the renormalization group evolution of the dimension five operator responsible for the light Majorana neutrino masses. We compare our results in the effective theory with those in the full seesaw theory.
description: 28 pages. With axodraw
Regulating religious contention: Islamic collective action and patterns of mobilization in Jordan
Creators: name: Wiktorowicz, Quintan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines Islamic collective action and patterns of mobilization in Jordan. Some Islamic movement groups mobilize through formal, grassroots organizations in civil society, while others operate through informal social networks. I argue that the differing patterns can be explained by state regulative practices. The Jordanian state manipulates the administrative apparatus to control the content of organized activities in civil society. It uses the law, permit requirements, and bureaucratic procedures to ensure that organizations are not used to mount a challenge to the regime or the political system. As a result, formal organization is more a mechanism of state control than an instrument of collective empowerment. Islamic groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, which do not challenge state power are encouraged to mobilize through formal organizations. More radical Islamic groups, such as the Salafi movement, find organizational space limited or closed. Instead, the Salafis mobilize through personal networks based upon individuals with shared beliefs and do not rely upon formal organizations to achieve goals. Because the Salafi networks are decentralized, segmented, and fluid, they escape the regulative capacity of the state. This perspective challenges the implicit assumption of organizational efficacy in social movement theory and points to the relevance of informal social networks in less open political systems.
Analytical Model for Electrohydrodynamic Thrust
Creators: name: Vaddi, Ravi Sankar
name: Guan, Yifei
name: Mamishev, Alexander
name: Novosselov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) thrust is produced when ionized fluid is accelerated in an electric field due to the momentum transfer between the charged species and neutral molecules. We extend the previously reported analytical model that couples space charge, electric field, and momentum transfer to derive thrust force in 1D planar coordinates. The electric current density in the model can be expressed in the form of Mott-Gurney law. After the correction for the drag force, the EHD thrust model yields good agreement with the experimental data from several independent studies. The EHD thrust expression derived from the first principles can be used in the design of propulsion systems and can be readily implemented in the numerical simulations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures will be submitted to Proceedings of Royal Society A
Electric Field Effects on the Diffuse Scattering in PZN-8%PT
Creators: name: Gehring, P. M.
name: Ohwada, K.
name: Shirane, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the neutron diffuse scattering from a single crystal of the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O_3 doped with 8% PbTiO_3 (PZN-8%PT) for temperatures 100 K < T < 530 K and electric fields 0 kV/cm < E < 10 kV/cm. The diffuse scattering is strongly suppressed transverse to the (003) Bragg peak at 400 K for E = 2 kV/cm applied along the [001] direction. However, no change in the diffuse scattering is observed transverse to (300), even for field strengths up to 10 kV/cm. Thus the application of an external electric field in the tetragonal phase does not produce a macroscopically polarized state. This unusual behavior can be understood within the context of the Hirota et al. phase-shifted polar nanoregion (PNR) model of the relaxor diffuse scattering, since an electric field E oriented parallel to [001] would remove the shift of the nanoregions along [001] while preserving those along the orthogonal [100] direction.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures Revised Fig. 6
Regulating religious contention: Islamic collective action and patterns of mobilization in Jordan
Creators: name: Wiktorowicz, Quintan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation examines Islamic collective action and patterns of mobilization in Jordan. Some Islamic movement groups mobilize through formal, grassroots organizations in civil society, while others operate through informal social networks. I argue that the differing patterns can be explained by state regulative practices. The Jordanian state manipulates the administrative apparatus to control the content of organized activities in civil society. It uses the law, permit requirements, and bureaucratic procedures to ensure that organizations are not used to mount a challenge to the regime or the political system. As a result, formal organization is more a mechanism of state control than an instrument of collective empowerment. Islamic groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, which do not challenge state power are encouraged to mobilize through formal organizations. More radical Islamic groups, such as the Salafi movement, find organizational space limited or closed. Instead, the Salafis mobilize through personal networks based upon individuals with shared beliefs and do not rely upon formal organizations to achieve goals. Because the Salafi networks are decentralized, segmented, and fluid, they escape the regulative capacity of the state. This perspective challenges the implicit assumption of organizational efficacy in social movement theory and points to the relevance of informal social networks in less open political systems.
Estimation of Search Frictions in the British Electricity Market
Creators: name: Giulietti, Monica
name: Waterson, Michael
name: Wildenbeest, Matthijs R.
name: Giulietti, Monica
name: Waterson, Michael
name: Wildenbeest, Matthijs R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: electricity
subject: consumer search
subject: price competition

description: This paper studies consumer search and pricing behaviour in the British domestic electricity market following its opening to competition in 1999. We develop a sequential search model in which an incumbent and an entrant group compete for consumers who find it costly to obtain information on prices other than from their current supplier. We use a large data set on prices and input costs to structurally estimate the model. Our estimates indicate that consumer search costs must be relatively high in order to rationalize observed pricing patterns. We confront our estimates with observed switching behaviour and find they match well.
Female labor allocation: An investigation of recent Egyptian employment trends
Creators: name: Alsheikh, Hend Mohammad
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Structural transformation and economic liberalization have been on the Egyptian policy agenda for over 20 years. However, the results have been mixed. Macroeconomic imbalances have been manageable in Egypt. Microeconomic distortion have been persistent, mainly lack of employment creation and occupational diversity for female workers. This dissertation examines the impact of economic liberalization and Egypt's insertion into global economy on the labor force participation of women. In this dissertation, we introduce comprehensive analysis of employment trends in the Egyptian labor market. Using panel data for early 1980s and early 1990s, we analyzed the relationship between macroeconomic changes associated with structural adjustment programs, long term development, level of sectoral and regional demand, demographic indicators, and Female Labor Participation Rates (FLPR). The analytical results show the gender specific impacts of macroeconomic changes and identifies the driving forces behind higher female employment. Contrary to the findings of other scholars, this research finds that the structural adjustment polices of the Egyptian government have not increase the entry of women into export-oriented manufacturing sector. On the other hand, the international migration of male workers has led to increase women's participation in agriculture activities. Labor supply shortages, as more males migrate, increased the demand for female workers as a substitute. While the rise in female-headed households increased the supply of female workers in order to provide for their families. Women in urban sectors with educational credentials have found less well as setbacks in government spending have raised unemployment rates and increased job queues. The formal private sectors, on the other hand, show no signs of integrating women. This research indicates that a fuller understanding of the gender implication of economic restructuring requires the researchers to pay close attention to specific labor market structure.
Stretched chemical bonds in Si6H6: A transition from ring currents to localized pi-electrons?
Creators: name: Grassi, A.
name: Lombardo, G. M.
name: Pucci, R.
name: Angilella, G. G. N.
name: Bartha, F.
name: March, N. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by solid-state studies on the cleavage force in Si, and the consequent stretching of chemical bonds, we here study bond stretching in the, as yet unsynthesized, free space molecule Si6H6. We address the question as to whether substantial bond stretching (but constrained to uniform scaling on all bonds) can result in a transition from ring current behaviour, characteristic say of benzene at its equilibrium geometry, to localized pi-electrons on Si atoms. Some calculations are also recorded on dissociation into 6 SiH radicals. While the main studies have been carried out by unrestricted Hartree-Fock (HF) theory, the influence of electron correlation has been examined using two forms of density functional theory. Planar Si6H6 treated by HF is bound to be unstable, not all vibrational frequencies being real. Some buckling is then allowed, which results in real frequencies and stability. Evidence is then provided that the non-planar structure, as the Si-Si distance is increased, exhibits pi-electron localization in the range 1.2-1.5 times the equilibrium distance.
Imperfect Competition and Efficiency in Lemons Markets
Creators: name: Muthoo, Abhinay
name: Mutuswami, Suresh
name: Muthoo, Abhinay
name: Mutuswami, Suresh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Financial Economics

description: This paper studies the impact of competition on the degree of ineffi- ciency in lemons markets. More precisely, we characterize the second-best mechanism (i.e., the optimal mechanism with private information) in a stylized lemons market with finite numbers of buyers and sellers. We then study the relationship between the degree of efficiency of the second-best mechanism and market competitiveness. The relationship between the first-best and second-best mechanisms is also explored
YouTube Recommendations and Effects on Sharing Across Online Social Platforms
Creators: name: Buntain, Cody
name: Bonneau, Richard
name: Nagler, Jonathan
name: Tucker, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In January 2019, YouTube announced it would exclude potentially harmful content from video recommendations but allow such videos to remain on the platform. While this step intends to reduce YouTube's role in propagating such content, continued availability of these videos in other online spaces makes it unclear whether this compromise actually reduces their spread. To assess this impact, we apply interrupted time series models to measure whether different types of YouTube sharing in Twitter and Reddit changed significantly in the eight months around YouTube's announcement. We evaluate video sharing across three curated sets of potentially harmful, anti-social content: a set of conspiracy videos that have been shown to experience reduced recommendations in YouTube, a larger set of videos posted by conspiracy-oriented channels, and a set of videos posted by alternative influence network (AIN) channels. As a control, we also evaluate effects on video sharing in a dataset of videos from mainstream news channels. Results show conspiracy-labeled and AIN videos that have evidence of YouTube's de-recommendation experience a significant decreasing trend in sharing on both Twitter and Reddit. For videos from conspiracy-oriented channels, however, we see no significant effect in Twitter but find a significant increase in the level of conspiracy-channel sharing in Reddit. For mainstream news sharing, we actually see an increase in trend on both platforms, suggesting YouTube's suppressing particular content types has a targeted effect. This work finds evidence that reducing exposure to anti-social videos within YouTube, without deletion, has potential pro-social, cross-platform effects. At the same time, increases in the level of conspiracy-channel sharing raise concerns about content producers' responses to these changes, and platform transparency is needed to evaluate these effects further.
Non-ohmic critical fluctuation conductivity of layered superconductors in magnetic field
Creators: name: Puica, Ionut
name: Lang, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal fluctuation conductivity for a layered superconductor in perpendicular magnetic field is treated in the frame of the self-consistent Hartree approximation for an arbitrarily strong in-plane electric field. The simultaneous application of the two fields results in a slightly stronger suppression of the superconducting fluctuations, compared to the case when the fields are applied individually.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Female labor allocation: An investigation of recent Egyptian employment trends
Creators: name: Alsheikh, Hend Mohammad
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Structural transformation and economic liberalization have been on the Egyptian policy agenda for over 20 years. However, the results have been mixed. Macroeconomic imbalances have been manageable in Egypt. Microeconomic distortion have been persistent, mainly lack of employment creation and occupational diversity for female workers. This dissertation examines the impact of economic liberalization and Egypt's insertion into global economy on the labor force participation of women. In this dissertation, we introduce comprehensive analysis of employment trends in the Egyptian labor market. Using panel data for early 1980s and early 1990s, we analyzed the relationship between macroeconomic changes associated with structural adjustment programs, long term development, level of sectoral and regional demand, demographic indicators, and Female Labor Participation Rates (FLPR). The analytical results show the gender specific impacts of macroeconomic changes and identifies the driving forces behind higher female employment. Contrary to the findings of other scholars, this research finds that the structural adjustment polices of the Egyptian government have not increase the entry of women into export-oriented manufacturing sector. On the other hand, the international migration of male workers has led to increase women's participation in agriculture activities. Labor supply shortages, as more males migrate, increased the demand for female workers as a substitute. While the rise in female-headed households increased the supply of female workers in order to provide for their families. Women in urban sectors with educational credentials have found less well as setbacks in government spending have raised unemployment rates and increased job queues. The formal private sectors, on the other hand, show no signs of integrating women. This research indicates that a fuller understanding of the gender implication of economic restructuring requires the researchers to pay close attention to specific labor market structure.
Component Analysis for Visual Question Answering Architectures
Creators: name: Kolling, Camila
name: Wehrmann, Jônatas
name: Barros, Rodrigo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research advances in Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing have introduced novel tasks that are paving the way for solving AI-complete problems. One of those tasks is called Visual Question Answering (VQA). A VQA system must take an image and a free-form, open-ended natural language question about the image, and produce a natural language answer as the output. Such a task has drawn great attention from the scientific community, which generated a plethora of approaches that aim to improve the VQA predictive accuracy. Most of them comprise three major components: (i) independent representation learning of images and questions; (ii) feature fusion so the model can use information from both sources to answer visual questions; and (iii) the generation of the correct answer in natural language. With so many approaches being recently introduced, it became unclear the real contribution of each component for the ultimate performance of the model. The main goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive analysis regarding the impact of each component in VQA models. Our extensive set of experiments cover both visual and textual elements, as well as the combination of these representations in form of fusion and attention mechanisms. Our major contribution is to identify core components for training VQA models so as to maximize their predictive performance.
The 2MASS Wide-Field T Dwarf Search. II. Discovery of Three T Dwarfs in the Southern Hemisphere
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: McElwain, Michael W.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of three new Southern Hemisphere T dwarfs identified in the Two Micron All Sky Survey. These objects, 2MASS 0348-6022, 2MASS 0516-0445, and 2MASS 2228-4310, have classifications T7, T5.5, and T6.5, respectively. Using linear absolute magnitude/spectral type relations derived from T dwarfs with measured parallaxes, we estimate spectrophotometric distances for these discoveries; the closest, 2MASS 0348-6022, is likely within 10 pc of the Sun. Proper motions and estimated tangential velocities are consistent with membership in the Galactic disk population. We also list Southern Hemisphere T dwarf candidates that were either not found in subsequent near-infrared imaging observations and are most likely uncatalogued minor planets, or have near-infrared spectra consistent with background stars.
description: 12 pages including 4 figures (one as jpeg), accepted to AJ
Additional file 1 of Severe hydroxymethylbilane synthase deficiency causes depression-like behavior and mitochondrial dysfunction in a mouse model of homozygous dominant acute intermittent porphyria
Creators: name: Berger, Stefanie
name: Stattmann, Miranda
name: Cicvaric, Ana
name: Monje, Francisco J.
name: Pierluca Coiro
name: Hotka, Matej
name: Ricken, Gerda
name: Hainfellner, Johannes
name: Greber-Platzer, Susanne
name: Yasuda, Makiko
name: Desnick, Robert J.
name: Pollak, Daniela D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Description of samples. Samples sizes (with sex and genotype) are reported according to experimental procedure.
Modelling intransitivity in pairwise comparisons with application to baseball data
Creators: name: Spearing, Jess
name: Tawn, Jonathan
name: Irons, David
name: Paulden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The seminal Bradley-Terry model exhibits transitivity, i.e., the property that the probabilities of player A beating B and B beating C give the probability of A beating C, with these probabilities determined by a skill parameter for each player. Such transitive models do not account for different strategies of play between each pair of players, which gives rise to {\it intransitivity}. Various intransitive parametric models have been proposed but they lack the flexibility to cover the different strategies across $n$ players, with the $O(n^2)$ values of intransitivity modelled using O(n) parameters, whilst they are not parsimonious when the intransitivity is simple. We overcome their lack of adaptability by allocating each pair of players to one of a random number of $K$ intransitivity levels, each level representing a different strategy. Our novel approach for the skill parameters involves having the $n$ players allocated to a random number of $A
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, 1 tables in the main text
Distribution of parallel market premium under stable alternative modeling
Creators: name: Fofack, Hippolyte Lekeulem
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation investigates the tail behavior of stable distributions and uses stable laws as the foundation for modeling random shocks in currency markets in the univariate and multivariate setting. To estimate the characteristic exponent $\alpha$ of stable distributions, convergence of the tails of stable distributions to Pareto is often used. However, while it is known that the tails of stable distributions are asymptotically Paretian the point where the Paretian nature occurs is not known. Using accurate calculations of stable densities and distributions functions, we show that the point where stable distributions are asymptotically Paretian is a complicated function of $\alpha$ and $\beta$. Implications of asymptotic behavior of stable tails on estimates of the characteristic exponent are investigated. In particular, we show that the Hill estimates of $\alpha$ can be misleading, especially when $\alpha$ is near 2. Some analytical properties are derived for modes and densities of stable distributions. Due to exchange controls, most African countries are subject to a dual exchange regime where parallel and official exchange rate coexist. Empirical evidence shows that the marginal distributions of parallel and official exchange rates and parallel market premium are leptokurtic and asymmetric. By fitting a stable law to these distributions and estimating their parameters using maximum likelihood, we found that stable models approximate these distributions better than the normal model which has light tails. The spectral measure $\\Gamma$ for the random vector is estimated using the projection method, and its distribution on the unit circle is used to investigate the dependence structure between official and parallel exchange rate in a dual exchange regime. The location of the measure indicates that official and parallel exchange rates are generally positively associated, and most disturbances in the market seem to originate with the parallel market which has more variability.
Are Happiness and Productivity Lower among University Students with Newly-Divorced Parents? An Experimental Approach
Creators: name: Proto, Eugenio
name: Sgroi, Daniel
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
name: Proto, Eugenio
name: Sgroi, Daniel
name: Oswald, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor productivity
subject: divorce
subject: well-being
subject: happiness
subject: experimental economics

description: We live in a high-divorce age. Parents worry about the possibility of negative effects upon their children. This paper tests whether recent parental-divorce has deleterious consequences for grown children. Under controlled conditions, it measures students’ happiness with life, and their productivity in a standardized laboratory task. No negative effects from divorce can be detected. If anything, happiness and productivity are greater, particularly among males, if they have experienced parental divorce. Using longitudinal BHPS data -- to control for fixed effects -- we crosscheck this result on happiness. Again, the evidence suggests that young people’s mental well-being improves after parental divorce.