cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A measurement of the turbulence-driven density distribution in a non-star-forming molecular cloud
Creators: name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Darling, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular clouds are supersonically turbulent. This turbulence governs the initial mass function and the star formation rate. In order to understand the details of star formation, it is therefore essential to understand the properties of turbulence, in particular the probability distribution of density in turbulent clouds. We present formaldehyde volume density measurements of a non-star-forming cloud along the line of sight towards W49A. We use these measurements in conjunction with total mass estimates from 13CO to infer the shape of the density probability distribution function. This method is complementary to measurements of turbulence via the column density distribution and should be applicable to any molecular cloud with detected CO. We show that turbulence in this cloud is probably compressively driven, with a compressive-to-total Mach number ratio $b = \mathcal{M}_C/\mathcal{M}>0.4$. We measure the standard deviation of the density distribution, constraining it to the range $1.5 < σ_s < 1.9$ assuming that the density is lognormally distributed. This measurement represents an essential input into star formation laws. The method of averaging over different excitation conditions to produce a model of emission from a turbulent cloud is generally applicable to optically thin line observations.
description: Accepted to ApJ. 22 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Income and Beyond: Taking the Measure of Child Deprivation in the United States
Creators: name: Ciula, Raffaele
name: Skinner, Curtis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Income
Child development
Children--Social conditions
Children--Health and hygiene

description: Comparatively little work has been done in the United States to develop multidimensional measures of child deprivation using individual level data. Our research, using Panel Study of Income Dynamics/Child Development Supplement data for a sample of older children and adolescents, introduces an experimental measure to demonstrate the new insights in child well-being that can be gained by looking beyond family income. Besides low income, our measure includes 16 indicators of deprivation encompassing child, parental, familial, and environmental conditions associated with poor outcomes in childhood and adulthood. We describe the surprisingly high incidence of deprivation among the sample children and examine differences by demographic characteristics. We calculate correlations among low income and other indicators of deprivation to understand how children are likely to be exposed to multiple deprivations. Using multivariate modeling, we examine the joint association of income and non-income contextual indicators with three child outcome deprivations: poor health, low social/emotional well-being, and poor basic learning skills. We find that the multidimensional measure provides valuable information about children at risk for poor development outcomes not captured by more standard income poverty and material hardship measures. The paper concludes with suggestions for public policy initiatives that may help reduce child exposure to these risk factors and ameliorate their effects.
ABORDAGENS DISCURSIVAS DOS ESTUDOS DA TRADUÇÃO
Creators: name: Sebastião Rodrigues Júnior, Adail
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: O objetivo principal deste ensaio é apresentar as abordagens discursivas dos Estudos da Tradução (ET) como um campo de investigação dos fenômenos tradutológicos bem estabelecido. O termo ‘discurso’, no entanto, tem sido visto com um termo polêmico, dados seus múltiplos usos sem uma conceituação clara referente se seu uso e aplicação privilegiam uma orientação mais lingüística ou uma tendência mais sociológica e cultural ao estudo da linguagem. Este ensaio, portanto, ao introduzir o leitor às principais teorias que advogam uma ‘virada discursiva’ aos ET, discute brevemente o que conta como ‘discursivo’ nesse campo de saber. Em seguida, este ensaio explora em profundidade a Lingüística Sistêmico-Funcional como uma abordagem fundacional para o estudo da tradução e, por fim, apresenta as vantagens dessa abordagem, convidando os teóricos em tradução a darem maior atenção aos usos do termo ‘discurso’ no âmbito de suas perquirições.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Emotive report
Creators: name: Jayshiv Limbasia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50201 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Environmental Knowledge
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 170201 Computer Perception, Memory and Attention
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Using Headset and emotive analysis brain fucntion
Genetically enhancing mitochondrial antioxidant activity improves muscle function in aging
Creators: name: Umanskaya, Alisa
name: Santulli, Gaetano
name: Xie, Wenjun
name: Andersson, Daniel C.
name: Reiken, Steven R.
name: Marks, Andrew R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biology

description: Age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction is a leading cause of morbidity that affects up to half the population aged 80 or greater. Here we tested the effects of increased mitochondrial antioxidant activity on age-dependent skeletal muscle dysfunction using transgenic mice with targeted overexpression of the human catalase gene to mitochondria (MCat mice). Aged MCat mice exhibited improved voluntary exercise, increased skeletal muscle specific force and tetanic Ca(2+) transients, decreased intracellular Ca(2+) leak and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load compared with age-matched wild type (WT) littermates. Furthermore, ryanodine receptor 1 (the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release channel required for skeletal muscle contraction; RyR1) from aged MCat mice was less oxidized, depleted of the channel stabilizing subunit, calstabin1, and displayed increased single channel open probability (Po). Overall, these data indicate a direct role for mitochondrial free radi! cals in promoting the pathological intracellular Ca(2+) leak that underlies age-dependent loss of skeletal muscle function. This study harbors implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies, including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for treatment of mitochondrial myopathies and other healthspan-limiting disorders.
First-principles study of Co concentration and interfacial resonance states in Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$ magnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Trinastic, Jonathan
name: Wang, Yan
name: Cheng, Hai-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optimal Co concentration in Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that maximizes tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is still under investigation. We perform a first-principles transport study on MTJs using disordered electrodes modeled using the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) and ordered alloys with various MgO barrier thicknesses. We find that 10-20$%$ Co concentration maximizes TMR using VCA to represent disorder in the electrodes. This TMR peak arises due to a minority d-type interfacial resonance state (IRS) that becomes filled with small Co doping, leading to a decrease in antiparallel conductance. Calculations with ordered Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$ electrodes confirm the filling of this minority d-type IRS for small Co concentrations. In addition, we construct a 10x10 supercell without VCA to explicitly represent disorder at the Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$/MgO interface, which demonstrates a quenching of the minority-d IRS and significant reduction in available states at the Fermi level that agrees with VCA calculations. These results explain recent experimental findings and provide implications for the impact of IRS on conductance and TMR in Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$/MgO tunnel junctions.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Simulating social dynamics: a computer aided analysis of emergent behaviour in multi-agent systems
Creators: name: Carver, Alexander Nicholas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: There is an existing gap in the literature and research in computational social dynamics in examining the role of the motivations and aims of agents in existing social models, in particular in regards to how available information, and the amount of information, is utilised by different agents to achieve their aims. Instead, agent behaviour is largely operated via simplistic rules imposed by the global model that do not take the agent’s distinct motivations or available information into account. My research has sought to counteract this trend in the existing research. I have done this by critically examining the assumptions of commonly used models such as the Schelling Segregation model, or concepts such as strategyproofness in peer review systems, and demonstrating that assumptions made about such behaviour or the utility of such concepts are not as solid as they may appear, showing that the Schelling segregation model does not necessarily impose global segregation, and that strategyproofness may be an unnecessarily strong condition when the incomplete information and motivations of manipulating agents is taken into account. Based on these results, I have combined these into an approach of examining the role of information and agent motivations in segregation models, which I feel has not been subject to sufficient scrutiny in existing segregation models. Therefore I have proposed two new models of segregation, the first of which examines how the varied motivations of agents may be more complex than simply desiring homophilous groupings and seeks to replicate intra-type segregation based on a ”segregation by association”. The second segregation model I propose then studies the role of incomplete information in segregation, and in basing itself on the result from study on incomplete information in peer review, argues that in a similar manner, we must examine how agents take decisions with incomplete information, and that socially sub-optimal segregation could be explained by biases these agents operate upon in the absence of complete information. Overall, I hope that my research demonstrates the need for social dynamicists to critically question the assumptions we make and put into models regarding how the behaviour of agents relate to their motivations of agents and their available information, and if we can design models and theories that explain social behaviour that take these questions into account.
Variational tomography; a low-cost approach to estimate reconstruction uncertainty with an application to full-waveform inversion
Creators: name: Bates, Oscar
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Bayesian methods are a popular research direction for inverse problems, but this framework has not achieved widespread use in tomographic imaging. Primarily, this is because traditional tomographic uncertainty estimators are computationally expensive, but also because there is no well established way to interpret tomographic uncertainty estimates. This thesis presents a Bayesian model for tomography, where the tomographic image is assumed to follow a mean-field Gaussian distribution. Using this assumption, an iterative reconstruction algorithm can be derived which produces two images, 1) a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator, which is equivalent to a typical tomographic image reconstruction, and 2) a no computational cost tomographic uncertainty estimate, where each pixel of the reconstruction is associated with an individual standard deviation or variance estimate. In practice, the algorithm is derived using stochastic variational inference, which motivated its name; variational tomography (VT). VT is demonstrated by application to full-waveform inversion (FWI). FWI is a computationally complex reconstruction algorithm because the tomographic data are simulated using a full numerical simulation of an acoustic wavefield. The mean-field Gaussian is a restrictive assumption, which has implications for the accuracy of the posterior. However, it is demonstrated that the MAP estimator is equivalent to a traditional iterative reconstruction and the no cost uncertainty estimate has some useful properties. Specifically, the tomographic uncertainty estimates are evaluated in-silico and in-vitro, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the purpose of image quality analysis (IQA). A comparison between different methods of uncertainty estimation is not provided because different uncertainty estimators make different assumptions; there is no reliable ground truth. Instead, this study demonstrates that VT uncertainty is a useful tool for no-reference IQA. Thus, VT does not alter the dynamics of a traditional iterative reconstruction algorithm, but provides an additional tomographic uncertainty estimator with no additional computational cost.
Capillary Fluctuations and Film-Height-Dependent Surface Tension of an Adsorbed Liquid Film
Creators: name: MacDowell, Luis G.
name: Benet, Jorge
name: Katcho, Nebil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of both structure and dynamics of adsorbed liquids heavily relies on the capillary wave Hamiltonian, but a thorough test of this model is still lacking. Here we study the capillary wave fluctuations of a liquid film with short range forces adsorbed on a solid exhibiting van der Waals interactions. We show for the first time that the measured capillary wave spectrum right above the first order wetting transition provides an interface potential consistent with independent calculations from thermodynamic integration. However, the surface tension exhibits an oscillatory film thick dependence which reveals a hitherto unnoticed capillary wave broadening mechanism beyond mere interfacial displacements.
description: 5 pages (+ 1 supplemental), 3 figures; Published in Phys Rev Lett
Patient-centred technologies targeting genetics, activity, and metabolism for lifestyle and healthcare personalisation
Creators: name: Cavallo, Francesca Romana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence, high-throughput sequencing and smart sensors is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological domains. As these technologies become even more accurate and accessible, they produce an increasing amount of clinical, biometric, and behavioural data that is set to change how humans manage their life and health. This thesis explores how personalised healthcare can be realised with the integration of available technologies and data sources, and how new technologies can be developed and tested to improve the outcomes and everyday life of people with type 2 diabetes. With this aim, this work firstly investigates how physical behaviours impact diabetes, and whether there are individual differences in disease phenotype and in the response to physical behaviours. Secondly, these differences are exploited to create an adaptive and personalised intervention to aid physical behaviour change. The intervention is a knowledge-based system combining genomics, proteomics, clinical data, and data from wearable sensors to provide personalised activity recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with diabetes. Moreover, a point-of-care device based on a novel sensor is developed with the aim of integrating it in the system to provide a feedback signal to further personalise the intervention. Finally, this work covers the methodological considerations required to assess personalised interventions. A new computational method to infer daily activities from accelerometer data is developed to accelerate the evaluation of behavioural interventions. The effect of personalised nutrition on a biomarker of diabetes and obesity is assessed, and how randomised controlled trials can be designed and employed to test innovative interventions is discussed. This work represents a step towards the integration of multiple data sources able to create point-of-care personalised and adaptive therapies with the potential of revolutionising the treatment of diseases triggered by lifestyle behaviours.
Impact of evergreening on patients and health insurance: a meta analysis and reimbursement cost analysis of citalopram/escitalopram antidepressants
Creators: name: Alkhafaji, Ali
name: Trinquart, Ludovic
name: Baron, Gabriel
name: Desvarieux, Moïse
name: Ravaud, Philippe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Medical sciences
Public health

description: Background: "Evergreening" refers to the numerous strategies whereby owners of pharmaceutical products use patent laws and minor drug modifications to extend their monopoly privileges on the drug. We aimed to evaluate the impact of evergreening through the case study of the antidepressant citalopram and its chiral switch form escitalopram by evaluating treatment efficacy and acceptability for patients, as well as health insurance costs for society.
Methods: To assess efficacy and acceptability, we performed meta-analyses for efficacy and acceptability. We compared direct evidence (meta-analysis of results of head-to-head trials) and indirect evidence (adjusted indirect comparison of results of placebo-controlled trials). To assess health insurance costs, we analyzed individual reimbursement data from a representative sample of the French National Health Insurance Inter-regime Information System (SNIIR-AM) from 2003 to 2010, which allowed for projecting these results to the whole SNIIR-AM population (53 million people).
Results: In the meta-analysis of seven head-to-head trials (2,174 patients), efficacy was significantly better for escitalopram than citalopram (combined odds ratio (OR) 1.60 (95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.46)). However, for the adjusted indirect comparison of 10 citalopram and 12 escitalopram placebo-controlled trials, 2,984 and 3,777 patients respectively, efficacy was similar for the two drug forms (combined indirect OR 1.03 (0.82 to 1.30)). Because of the discrepancy, we could not combine direct and indirect data (test of inconsistency, P = 0.07). A similar discrepancy was found for treatment acceptability. The overall reimbursement cost burden for the citalopram, escitalopram and its generic forms was 120.6 million Euros in 2010, with 96.8 million Euros for escitalopram.
Conclusions: The clinical benefit of escitalopram versus citalopram remains uncertain. In our case of evergreening, escitalopram represented a substantially high proportion of the overall reimbursement cost burden as compared with citalopram and the generic forms.
Dietary nitrate supplementation and physical performance in chronic respiratory disease
Creators: name: Al Sulayyim, Abdullah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Exercise limitation is a cardinal feature in individuals with chronic respiratory disease (CRDs). This limitation occurs directly due to impairment and disability of one or more of the physiological systems (pulmonary system, cardiovascular system, and skeletal muscle), which contribute to breathlessness and reduced physical activity. Dietary nitrate supplementation can enhance NO availability via a nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and has been proposed as a potential complementary approach to improve exercise capacity in people with CRDs. However, studies to date have generally been short-term and existing studies on dietary nitrate supplementation in people with lung disease have mostly focused on COPD, typically in less severe disease. The objectives of this thesis were as follows: 1) to further extend the knowledge and synthesise the current evidence and evaluate the impact of dietary NO3- supplementation on exercise capacity and cardiovascular parameters in CRDs (Chapter 3), 2) to investigate the effects of acute NO3- administration on exercise performance, blood pressure, and endothelial function in hypoxic patients with pulmonary hypertension (Chapter 4), and 3) to investigate if there is a link between blood nitrate levels and the severity of lung disease (Chapter 5). Results from Chapter 3 indicated that dietary nitrate supplementation has the potential to reduce cardiovascular risk by lowering blood pressure in people with COPD as well as improving exercise capacity. In Chapter 4, following acute consumption of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (NR-BRJ), study participants walked for longer than following dosing with placebo. In Chapter 5, plasma nitrate levels negatively correlated with blood pressure parameters and positively correlated with the endothelial function and serum potassium level in stable COPD patients. However, no correlations were found between the plasma nitrate and breathlessness or any other marker of disease severity. The findings suggest that dietary nitrate supplementation might be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to augment exercise in people with CRDs and protect against vascular events. Larger and longer trials are required to determine the optimal dose and to understand the possible mechanisms of dietary nitrate supplementation in pulmonary circulation.
Teaching Translation Using E-Learning During the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Yemeni Universities as a Case in Point
Creators: name: Moneus, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: English language
Translation and interpretation studies
English as a second language

description: This paper sheds light on using open learning or distance learning in teaching translation during the crisis in Yemen. The paper aims to identify the role of electronic learning in teaching translation in Yemen during crisis. This paper discusses several successful initiatives in using E- learning/ open learning in Yemen. Two of Yemen's most prestigious universities were nominated to be examined. The public University of Sana'a and the private University of Science and Technology are both located in Sana'a. Ten professors of translation volunteered to participate in the semi structure interview. The findings show that open learning provide a new way to teaching translation during crisis, student would be able to learn and study translation in easy way, despite the problems that teachers experience, such as the Yemeni network's instability and a lack of proper equipment for high-tech e-learning. Recommendation was presented towards more focusing on using open learning in teaching translation
A METAFUNÇÃO INTERPESSOAL EM DUAS PROPAGANDAS TURÍSTICAS INSTITUCIONAIS
Creators: name: Sousa Alves, Daniel Antônio
name: Brasil Gonçalves Lacerda, Priscila
name: Rego Rodrigues, Roberta
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: A oração é também organizada como um evento interativo que envolve o falante, ou o autor, e o público (Halliday, 1994). No ato da fala, o falante adota para si mesmo um papel particular em relação à mesma e, ao fazer isso, ele designa ao ouvinte um papel complementar, papel esse que o falante espera que o ouvinte adote em seu turno (Halliday, 1994). A título de exemplificação, quando o falante faz uma pergunta, ele desempenha o papel daquele que procura uma informação e, deste modo, requer ao ouvinte que este último supra a informação pedida (Halliday, 1994). Este artigo apresenta uma análise de duas propagandas turísticas institucionais, uma da Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, capital do Estado de Minas Gerais e a outra do Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais, sendo que tal capital e tal Estado estão localizados no Brasil. Tal análise valeu-se da metafunção interpessoal, a qual oferece um instrumental para a descrição da interação entre usuários da linguagem, seja tal interação pautada pelo fornecimento e/ou solicitação de informações e/ou de bens e serviços (Halliday, 1994; Halliday e Matthiessen, 2004). Quanto à metodologia, foram classificados os absolutos, as proposições, as propostas, os adjuntos modais e os itens lexicais, posteriormente quantificados com vistas a uma análise qualitativo-discursiva. Cabe salientar que a classificação da interpessoalidade em itens lexicais obedeceu a dois parâmetros propostos por Hunston e Thompson (2003), o de julgamento de valor e o de importância. Quando houve sobreposição destes dois parâmetros na classificação da interpessoalidade em itens lexicais, adotou-se um rótulo “ambos parâmetros” para abarcar tais casos. Resultados apontam uma maior recorrência de propostas na propaganda do Governo em comparação a da Prefeitura. Pode-se concluir que a propaganda da Prefeitura faz uso do gênero do discurso turístico com fins sócio-políticos, ao passo que a propaganda do Governo tem como objetivo divulgar o turismo em Minas Gerais sem tencionar diretamente persuadir seus leitores a partir do discurso político.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 6 (2006)
Teaching Translation during Covid19.pdf
Creators: name: Moneus, Ahmed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: English language
Translation and interpretation studies
English as a second language

description: This paper sheds light on using open learning or distance learning in teaching translation during the crisis in Yemen. The paper aims to identify the role of electronic learning in teaching translation in Yemen during crisis. This paper discusses several successful initiatives in using E- learning/ open learning in Yemen. Two of Yemen's most prestigious universities were nominated to be examined. The public University of Sana'a and the private University of Science and Technology are both located in Sana'a. Ten professors of translation volunteered to participate in the semi structure interview. The findings show that open learning provide a new way to teaching translation during crisis, student would be able to learn and study translation in easy way, despite the problems that teachers experience, such as the Yemeni network's instability and a lack of proper equipment for high-tech e-learning. Recommendation was presented towards more focusing on using open learning in teaching translation
Annealed lattice animal model and Flory theory for the melt of non-concatenated rings: Towards the physics of crumpling
Creators: name: Grosberg, Alexander Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A Flory theory is constructed for a long polymer ring in a melt of unknotted and non-concatenated rings. The theory assumes that the ring forms an effective annealed branched object and computes its primitive path. It is shown that the primitive path follows self-avoiding statistics and is characterized by the corresponding Flory exponent of a polymer with excluded volume. Based on that, it is shown that rings in the melt are compact objects with overall size proportional to their length raised to the 1/3 power. Furthermore, the contact probability exponent is estimated, albeit by a poorly controlled approximation, with the result consistent with both numerical and experimental data.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Investigating the relationship between mean state and forced response of the Southern Hemispheric eddy-driven jet stream
Creators: name: Breul, Philipp Yannick
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The midlatitude, or eddy-driven jet stream is a strong westerly air current that steers weather systems in the midlatitudes. It is therefore one of the atmospheric circulation features that has the most impact on humankind. Understanding if and how it will change in response to anthropogenic forcing is thus crucially important. However, the spread in its response to global warming in state-of-the-art models is large. At the same time, our theoretical understanding is limited. Past work has therefore examined the possibility of constraining future responses from historical jet behaviour. One approach involves finding an inter-model relationship between an observable historical variable and a future response, often called an emergent constraint. Theoretical grounding for a previously proposed emergent constraint between annular mode timescale and future jet shift is provided by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT), which links internal variability timescales of an unforced system to its forced response. The contribution of this thesis is twofold. First we revisit the application of the FDT to the midlatitude jet stream response, where we propose a new algorithm to improve predictions made from limited datasets. The second part of this work reexamines two previously proposed emergent constraints. The first of these is derived from a simplified version of the FDT, and links the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) timescale to the jet response. Previous work has reached conflicting conclusions and at present it is unclear whether the SAM timescale can constrain the jet response; our analysis indicates that it cannot, and that the SAM timescale is inflated by a non-stationarity associated with the seasonal breakdown of the stratospheric vortex. The second previously proposed constraint links the climatological jet latitude to the future jet shift in austral winter. We question this constraint by showing that the emergent constraint only holds in the zonal mean, but not in separate longitudinal sectors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the zonal mean jet latitude does not reflect the position of a physical zonal structure, owing to strong zonal asymmetries. We argue that this can explain the origin of the emergent constraint, but also questions its usefulness in constraining future response.
Investigating photovoltaic performance parameters of organic solar cells under and during 3-point bending flexural testing.
Creators: name: Ahli, Huda
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The overall goal of this thesis was to be able to answer the simple question as to how the performance parameters of a flexible OPV changes as it experiences 3-point mechanical bending tests. An inverted OPV with the structure of (PET/ITO/ZnO/ITIC:PBDP-T/MoOx/Ag) was chosen for this study. Three different bending radiuses were tested, 2.7 cm, 5 cm and 10 cm, and the devices were tested under illumination after 10, 50 and 100 bending cycles. From there, it was noted that bending radiuses of 5 cm and 2.7 cm led to mechanical degradation that resulted in a dramatic drop in Jsc, PCE, along with a dramatic increase in Rs. A novel in-situ method of monitoring the electrical resistance of the device while bending was used, to investigate the effect of bending on the interfaces and the individual layers. Where users will be able to obtain information regarding the mechanical limitation of devices’ interfaces and interlayers for a given bending radius and bending cycles. It was concluded that the resistance overload resulted from a weak interface between MoOx and the active layer, possibly leading to increase in Rs. This was further confirmed via a manual peeling test, indicating that the active layer was intact and the top layer of the peeler had silver and MoO which was reported as a layer underneath the silver, lighter in color. The second mechanical degradation was witnessed in the active layer, as after 100 bending cycles, striation started to appear at 5 cm bending radius, and were more obvious at 2.7 bending radius which could results to further reduction in Jsc due to possible charge recombination processes. An in house, novel system was utilised in this study to understand the behaviour of a flexible OPV under bending, while under illumination with the focus of bending radius of 5 cm. From there, it was noticed that delamination spot changes upon bending and flattening the device causing fluctuations to Rs values and reversible behaviour of the device. Finally, the flexible OPVs were encapsulated via lamination techniques, in an attempt to move the neutral axis towards the device layers and thus, protecting any weak interfaces from mechanical degradation. Although the performance parameters of the flexible OPV, more specifically, Rs and PCE were not degraded with the same severity as the case with un-encapsulated devices. It is believed that the degradation, which is governed by reduction in Voc, FF and Rsh, is resulted from creating a shunting path within the device. Which is believed to be an effect of encapsulation and not mechanical degradation. The FE analysis of both encapsulated and un-encapsulated substrates was conducted clearly indicating movements of the neutral axis towards the mid-plane of encapsulated substrates.
Effective dynamics of scalar perturbations in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime in Loop Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Fernández-Méndez, Mikel
name: Marugán, Guillermo A. Mena
name: Olmedo, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of a homogeneous and isotropic spacetime whose spatial sections have three-torus topology, coupled to a massless scalar field with small scalar perturbations within loop quantum cosmology. We consider a proposal for the effective dynamics based on a previous hybrid quantization completed by us. Consequently, we introduce a convenient gauge fixing and adopt reduced canonical variables adapted to that hybrid quantum description. Besides, we keep backreaction contributions on the background coming from terms quadratic in the perturbations in the action of the system. We carry out a numerical analysis assuming that the inhomogeneities were in a massless vacuum state at distant past (where the initial data are set). At distant future, we observe a statistical amplification of the modes amplitude in the infrared region, as well as a phase synchronization arising from quantum gravity phenomena. A description of the perturbations in terms of the Mukhanov-Sasaki gauge invariants provides the same qualitative results. Finally, we analyze some consequences of the backreaction in our effective description.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
The effects of salt tectonics in the evolution of a fold and thrust belt, south-west Alps
Creators: name: Brooke-Barnett, Samuel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: The sub-Alpine chains of south-east France have been the subject of geological inquiry for over a century. While some salt structures have previously been identified in the area, our understanding of salt tectonics has since matured significantly, driven by observations from seismic data in offshore basins worldwide and by analogue modelling. Armed with this new understanding, this study identifies new salt structures in the sub-Alpine chains, and reinterprets structures previously attributed to Alpine shortening as pre-Alpine salt-related structures. The area near the Dôme de Barrot highlights the influence of Permian to Triassic pre-salt faults on the deposition of the Triassic salt section, and how the reactivation of the Permian structural fabric locally controlled the evolution of Jurassic to Cretaceous diapirs. Along the Rouaine-Daluis strike-slip fault system, multiple periods of salt tectonic rise have now been identified, including the extrusion of a salt sheet to surface in the Aptian-Albian, and the development of a Roho-like listric normal fault associated with salt evacuation into the active fault zone during early Alpine shortening. The evolution of the salt wall and diapir along the Rouaine-Daluis fault system is analogous to that of the Svend structure of the South Arne field in the Danish Central Graben, and the two areas represent different endmembers for salt wall-diapir pairs affected by varying magnitudes and orientations of shortening. Salt structures in the sub-Alpine chains are strongly associated with Tethyan (Early-Mid Jurassic) rifting and with the palaeotopography of the Dauphinois (Jurassic) and Vocontian (Cretaceous) basins. They strongly influenced the regional structural fabric with the pre-existing salt structures utilized as thrusts and strike-slip faults as Alpine shortening emplaced the basinal units over the carbonate platform. The importance of salt in the structural evolution of the area may therefore necessitate reassessment of previous regional shortening estimates.
Shear banding in time-dependent flows of polymers and wormlike micelles
Creators: name: Moorcroft, Robyn L.
name: Fielding, Suzanne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the formation of shear bands in time-dependent flows of polymeric and wormlike micellar surfactant fluids, focussing on the protocols of step shear stress, step shear strain (or in practice a rapid strain ramp), and shear startup, which are commonly studied experimentally. For each protocol we perform a linear stability analysis to provide a fluid-universal criterion for the onset of shear banding, following our recent Letter [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 086001]. In each case this criterion depends only on the shape of the experimentally measured rheological response function for that protocol, independent of the constitutive properties of the material in question. (Therefore our criteria in fact concern all complex fluids and not just the polymeric ones of interest here. A separate manuscript [in preparation] will explore them in a broad class of disordered soft glassy materials including foams, dense emulsions, dense colloids, and microgel bead suspensions.) An important prediction is that pronounced banding can arise transiently in each of these protocols, even in fluids for which the underlying constitutive curve of stress as a function of strain-rate is monotonic and a steadily flowing state is accordingly unbanded. For each protocol we provide numerical results in the rolie-poly and Giesekus models that support our predictions. We comment on the ability of the rolie-poly model to capture the observed experimental phenomenology, and on the failure of the Giesekus model.
description: 27 pages, 21 figures
Matrix computations for the dynamics of fermionic systems
Creators: name: Bagarello, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a series of recent papers we have shown how the dynamical behavior of certain classical systems can be analyzed using operators evolving according to Heisenberg-like equations of motions. In particular, we have shown that raising and lowering operators play a relevant role in this analysis. The technical problem of our approach stands in the difficulty of solving the equations of motion, which are, first of all, {\em operator-valued} and, secondly, quite often nonlinear. In this paper we construct a general procedure which significantly simplifies the treatment for those systems which can be described in terms of fermionic operators. The proposed procedure allows to get an analytic solution, both for quadratic and for more general hamiltonians.
description: In press in International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Frail patients’ hospital resource use, outcomes, and care transitions - An analysis of the English NHS
Creators: name: Bui, Khanh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2022

description: Background There has been an increasing focus on developing novel frailty instruments through the use of routinely collected data in recent years for higher feasibility and cost-efficient frailty identification in the population. Following this shift, little is yet explored in literature on the impact of different components of frailty on costs, its transition patterns, and its impact on elemental health outcomes of the population. Methodology Three observational studies were conducted using Hospital Episode Statistics database from 2004 to 2013. Study 1 employed the generalised linear and negative binomial models to assess the impact of the different dimensions of frailty syndromes on admission costs and resource use, and the differences in cost impact between seven frailty syndromes. Study 2 employed the multistate model to examine the transition probabilities between frailty states and factors that influence a patient’s frailty state. Study 3 used bivariate probit model to assess the association between frail patients who had experienced inter-hospital transfers (IHTs) and their probability of having adverse outcomes. Results In Study 1, patients with frail syndromes were older, more likely to be female, living in more deprived areas, and more likely to have higher annual admission costs, more emergency hospital admissions and longer length of stay. In Study 2, frailty was found to be a dynamic process with heterogenous transition probabilities between states. Age, gender, source of admission, and deprivation index were associated with changes in the frailty states. In Study 3, IHTs were associated with lower in-hospital mortality, longer length of stay, higher probability of readmission, and higher probability of discharge to home for frail patients. Conclusions The findings from this thesis advocate future initiatives on programme interventions and clinical trials with a focus on the frail patient group to reduce their costs of services and prevent or diminish progression to higher stages of frailty and adverse outcomes.
Darstellung von Forschungsdaten durch individuelle Präsentationsoberflächen mit easydb am Beispiel von HilData. Forschungsdatenmanagement der Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim (UB Hildesheim).
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: easydb
FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschungsdaten
Programmfabrik
Bibliotheken
Universitätsbibliotheken als Partner auf dem Campus
Universitätsbibliotheken
Forschung und Lehre
Datenbanken
Datenbankenverwaltung
E-Researching Stiftung Universität Hildesheim
E-Research
E-Research Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim
E-Research Hildesheim University Library
E-Science
E-Researching 2020

description: Diese Präsentationsfolien sind im Rahmen der folgenden Veranstaltung entstanden: Forschungsdatenverwaltung mit easydb. Donnerstag, 10.12.2020, 14:00 – 15:30 Uhr  Die Veranstaltung wird mit dem Webkonferenzsystem auf Basis von BigBlueButton (BBB) bereitgestellt: https://app.bbbserver.de/de/join/353dc4b4-1e43-419a-b553-ddf60cf497ef 14:00 - 14:15, Sebastian Klarmann, COO Programmfabrik GmbH, "easydb als Framework zum Aufbau komplexer Medien- und Metadatenrepositoirien" 14:30 - 14:45, Annette Strauch, M.A. Forschungsdatenmanagement, Stiftung Universität Hildesheim, "Darstellung von Forschungsdaten durch individuelle Präsentationsoberflächen mit easydb am Beispiel von HilData. Forschungsdatenmanagement der Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim (UB Hildesheim)" 15:00 - 15:15, Leonhard Maylein, Leiter der Abteilung EDV-Versorgung/Informationstechnologie, Fachreferent für Informatik, Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, "Forschungsdatenmanagement an der Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg mit easydb"  
Proposal for implementing the three-qubit refined Deutsch-Jozsa quantum algorithm
Creators: name: Su, Qi-Ping
name: Liu, Man
name: Yang, Chui-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a way to implement a three-qubit refined Deutsh-Jozsa (DJ) algorithm. The present proposal is based on the construction of the 35 $f$-controlled phase gates, which uses single-qubit $σ_z$ gates and two-qubit {\it standard} controlled-phase (CP) gates only. This proposal is implementable because a single-qubit $σ_z$ gate can be easily realized by applying a single classical pulse and a two-qubit CP gate has been experimentally demonstrated in various physical systems. Finally, it is noted that this proposal is quite general, and can be applied to implement a three-qubit refined DJ algorithm in a cavity-based or noncavity-based physical system.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables
NEGRITUDE E LITERATURA DE CORDEL: UMA ÉPICA DA INTERCULTURALIDADE ANTE O SUPRANACIONAL
Creators: name: M. Bora, Zélia
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Escrever é um dos mais poderosos instrumentos usados pela mídia para levar informações vitais. Nesse sentido, o efeito das “novas ideologias”, para valorização da identidade afro-brasileira, incidem diretamente sobre a produção literária como uma mensagem rigorosamente direcionada a um público menos especializado como receptor. O presente artigo discute a relação entre o gênero cordel e algumas das políticas culturais aplicadas no nordeste do Brasil. Tal estratégia vem comprovar não apenas o processo ativo de negociação entre os grupos subalternizados e os discursos dos poderes hegemônicos, mas também a reatualização do gênero literário do cordel, com o aparecimento de novos narradores e temáticas. Como se observa estes narradores estão plenamente conscientes dos seus papéis políticos ante a comunidade de que, fazem parte. Circulando em um espaço geográfico urbano, a produção não depende da condição econômica de seus leitores para sua aquisição, uma vez que sua distribuição centraliza-se na informação gratuita. Ao contrário da literatura “tradicional”, o real e o verossímil possuem objetivos definidos como informar e ensinar o destinatário sobre a nova lei em vigor. Nesse caso, a literatura cumpre de imediato um de seus papéis clássicos, o de ser útil, revestindo-se de funções igualmente nobres, provocando a “catarse social” de indivíduos pela aquisição de um saber inerente `a sua condição de cidadão.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 7 (2007)
TRADUÇÃO E POESIA: ACTIVIDADES IRRECONCILIÁVEIS?
Creators: name: Azevedo Pataco, Teresa Alexandra
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Associar tradução e poesia será, muitas vezes, sinónimo de enfrentar preconceitos académicos e científicos muito enraizados na cultura ocidental. Se, por um lado, a tradução é vista como indispensável à troca de informações entre códigos linguísticos diferentes e até mesmo como a possibilitadora de avanços científicos e tecnológicos decorrentes do contacto com outras realidades economicamente mais evoluídas, a verdade é que o seu papel enquanto “ponte” cultural está longe de ser aceite universalmente quando em causa passam a estar os “tesouros literários” de uma cultura nacional. Este carácter polémico levou-me a ponderar a hipótese de analisar, de um ponto de vista eminentemente prático, quatro traduções dissemelhantes, de épocas também distintas, do poema The Tyger, de William Blake. Ter ao dispor quatro traduções de quatro tradutores diferentes tornou possível a compilação de um corpus mais alargado e diversificado onde basear conclusões reais para os problemas de tradução de poesia, devidamente contextualizados.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 7 (2007)
«CITY OF BROKEN PROMISES» ENQUANTO ROMANCE ETNOGRÁFICO: REPRESENTAÇÕES DA MACAU SETECENTISTA
Creators: name: Puga, Rogério Miguel
Publisher: name: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP
Year: 2019

description: Partindo do conceito de romance etnográfico utilizado no âmbito dos Estudos Literários e também Antropológicos, analisamos o romance histórico City of Broken Promises (1967), de Austin Coates, bem como a forma como a narrativa recorre a um variado número de temáticas antropológicas e estratégias literárias para representar os espaços e a vivência quotidiana das diversas comunidades (inglesa, portuguesa e chinesa) da Macau setecentista.
description: POLISSEMA – Revista de Letras do ISCAP, No. 7 (2007)