cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Massinium
Creators: name: P. Mark O'Loughlin
name: Melanie Mackenzie
name: Didier Vandenspiegel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Phyllophoridae
Massinium

description: Key to the species of Massinium
1. Ossicles present in the mid-body wall 2
— Mid-body wall lacking ossicles 9
2. Mid-body wall with table ossicles of some form present 3
— Mid-body wall lacking any form of table ossicles 6
3. Mid-body wall ossicles tables only 4
— Mid-body wall ossicles tables and additional ossicle forms 5
4. Peri-oral table spires well developed, typically with long, splayed, pointed apical spines M. bonapartum sp. nov. (NW Australia)
— Peri-oral table spires frequently absent or reduced, few short apical spines M. keesingi sp. nov. (NW Australia)
5. Mid-body with rare but developed table ossicles; tentacles with table ossicles; up to 2 polian vesicles M. dissimilis (Madagascar)
— Mid-body with reduced table ossicles; tentacles with rosettes only; typically 4 polian vesicles M. magnum (Indonesia)
6. Mid-body wall with rosettes present 7
— Mid-body wall lacking rosettes 8
7. Introvert table discs irregular with predominantly 4 central perforations and single ring of smaller outer perforations; tentacles with rods and rosettes M. maculosum (South Africa)
— Introvert table discs irregular with predominantly 4 central perforations and up to 3 rings of smaller outer perforations; tentacles with elongate rod-rosettes M. albicans (New Caledonia)
8. Mid-body ossicles predominantly short, thick, irregular, rarely perforate, granuliform rods; tentacles with rosette ossicles only M. granulosum. (NE Australia)
— Mid-body ossicles predominantly U-shaped, distally perforate rods; tentacles with rod ossicles only M. arthroprocessum (South Africa)
9. Large and small tube feet uniformly distributed; 4 polian vesicles; peri-anal body wall with table ossicles Massinium melanieae (Great Australian Bight)
— Tube feet not uniformly distributed; fewer than 4 polian vesicles; peri-anal body wall lacking table ossicles 10
10. Tube feet scattered dorsally, more prominent ventrally; peri-oral table discs with up to 20 perforations; tentacles with rods and rare rosettes Massinium vimsi (Bass Strait, SE Australia)
— Tube feet more concentrated along longitudinal muscles; peri-oral table discs with up to 40 perforations; tentacles with rare fine rods, lacking rosettes Massinium watsonae (SE Tasmania, Australia)
description: Published as part of P. Mark O'Loughlin, Melanie Mackenzie & Didier Vandenspiegel, 2014, New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), pp. 5-23 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1298027
Triasemperia O'Loughlin. Six 2014
Creators: name: P. Mark O'Loughlin
name: Melanie Mackenzie
name: Didier Vandenspiegel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Phyllophoridae
Triasemperia

description: Triasemperia O’Loughlin gen. nov.
Zoobank LSID. http://zoobank.org:act:5140E273-FE8D-4F8A-
A66D-F94B74771FE8
Diagnosis. Dendrochirotid species with mouth anterior, anus posterior, lacking anal teeth; tube feet scattered over body; 20 dendritic tentacles, 15 large, 5 inner small; calcareous ring composite, comprising small calcareous pieces, radial and inter-radial composite plates adjoin to create tubular ring, radial plates elongate with thin posterior distal prolongations adjoining inter-radial plate elongations, radial plates with median division for most of the length, inter-radial plates with deep posterior notch; ossicles throughout the body wall tables, discs triangular, typically with 6 large marginal knobs and 6 small perforations, spires with three pillars; tentacles with rods, rosettes, few tables.
Type species.
Triasemperia
stola
O’Loughlinsp.
nov.(monotypic).
Etymology. From the Greek tria (three), referring to the three pillars of the table spires, with semperia, referring to the subfamily Semperiellinae and in turn to the esteemed biologist Carl Gottfried Semper.
Remarks. The new genus Triasemperia is referred to the subfamily Semperiellinae on the bases of the presence of 20 dendritic tentacles and composite tubular calcareous ring. The new genus is distinguished from the other genera of the Semperiellinae by the presence of table spires with three pillars.
description: Published as part of P. Mark O'Loughlin, Melanie Mackenzie & Didier Vandenspiegel, 2014, New dendrochirotid sea cucumbers from northern Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), pp. 5-23 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 72 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1298027
Metalibitia
Creators: name: Coronato-Ribeiro, Amanda
name: Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Cosmetidae
Metalibitia

description: Metalibitia monophyly and interspecific relationships
The monophyly oF the genus Metalibitia is supported by three unambiguous synapomorphies, all From penis morphology, and has a Goodman-Bremer support oF two. One oF these synapomorphies is the presence oF a Folded membranous extension on the latero-median region oF the ventral plate. This structure, oF unknown Function, is present in all species oF Metalibitia and in no other cosmetid, although it varies in size oF projection From the lateral sides. Another Feature, not shared by any other cosmetid genera, is the insertion oF the glans at the middle region oF the ventral plate (at the base in other cosmetids). This Feature is an autapomorphy oF the genus, and is interpreted to be reverted in Metalibitia santaremis. The third deFining apomorphy is the presence oF straight macrosetae C on lateral margin oF ventral plate.
Within the genus, M. adunca is sister to two species groups (with Four species each); together, they Form a clade supported by the contiguous dorsal tubercles on the pedipalpal Femur (character 21, state 1). Both clades have a low Goodman-Bremer support oF one. One clade is composed oF M. brasiliensis, M. rosascostai, M. santaremis and M. abuna sp. nov., and is supported by the presence oF Four-Five tubercles on trochanter IV, among other Features (see Table 3). Within this clade arise a pair oF sister-species (M. santaremis and M. abuna sp. nov.) oF Amazonian distribution, contrasting with the other species oF the genus that occur in open vegetation in southern South America. However, both species occur in areas currently covered by savanna or that were once covered by savanna during the Pleistocene (Cohen et al. 2014). The other Amazonian species, M. fuscumaculata, was not included in the analysis because it is known From only one Female specimen. We could postulate, based on geographical distribution, that it is related to the Amazonian clade. However, the one character that is not related to genus, the conspicuous armature oF Free tergite III with high tubercle, is not observed in M. fuscumaculata. The other species group is composed oF M. paraguayensis, M. borellii, M. tibialis, and M. argentina and is supported by the presence oF a high number oF tubercles on the dorsal scutum oF the body and by the smooth apex oF penial stylus.
description: Published as part of Coronato-Ribeiro, Amanda & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2017, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Metalibitia Roewer, 1912 (Opiliones, Cosmetidae, Cosmetinae), pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4291 (2) on page 237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/829489
Cosmetidae
Creators: name: Coronato-Ribeiro, Amanda
name: Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Cosmetidae

description: Cosmetidae
2 (0) tubercle on paracheliceral median projection united 21 (0) pedipalpal femur with spaced tubercles
22 (0) pedipalpal tibia depressed
24 (0) pedipalpal tarsus with short setae
Platygyndes + Moselabius + Eulibitia + Fortalezius + Metavononoides + Roquettea 9 (2) opistosomal area I smooth
11 (1) opistosomal area II smooth
29 (2) trochanter IV dorsally unarmed
54 (2) penial ventral plate with two pairs of macrosetae B 60 (0) penial glans with dorsal process
Genus Metalibitia
23 (0) pedipalpal tibia base wider than apex
55 (0) straight macrosetae C on penial ventral plate 30 (0) penial ventral plate with lateral folded membranous extension 59 (1) penial glans inserted at median region of ventral plate
Metalibitia spp. (except M. adunca)
21 (0) dorsal pedipalpal tubercles contiguous
31 (1) trochanter IV with a group of projections 61 (1) pedipalpal femur with dorsal tubercles contiguous
Metalibitia brasiliensis + M. rosascostai + M. santaremis + M.abuna sp. nov. 2 (1) anterior margin of dorsal scutum with paracheliceralprojections 33 (2) trocanther IV with four-five retrolateral median projections 64 (0) penial stylus apex truncated
47 (2) trochanter IV with four–five median retrolateral tubercles
Metalibitia paraguayensis + M. borellii + M. tibialis + M.argentina 3 (2) prosoma densely covered with tubercles
32 (2) trochanter IV with two retrolateral apical tubercles 65 (1) penial stylus apex smooth
Metalibitia borellii + M. tibialis + M.argentina
16 (1) free tergite III with a median higher tubercle 46 (0) penial truncus apical region larger than ventral plate width 64 (2) penial stylus apex pointed
Metalibitia borellii + M. tibialis
5 (1) Ocularium with median depression
31(0) trochanter IV with single retrolateral projection 32 (1) trochanter IV with one retrolateral apical tubercle 33 (0) trocanther IV without retrolateral median projections 38 (0) femur IV with retrolateral apical apophyses 49 (1) penial ventral plate lateral margin narrowed medially
description: Published as part of Coronato-Ribeiro, Amanda & Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2017, Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Metalibitia Roewer, 1912 (Opiliones, Cosmetidae, Cosmetinae), pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4291 (2) on page 238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/829489
Protoperidinium depressum Fritsch, 1927 Haeckel, 1894 J. P Bujak & E. H Davies Bergh, 1881 Balech 1974
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Protoperidiniaceae
Protoperidinium
Protoperidinium depressum

description: 1. Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey) Balech 1974
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate. Body surface granular with single large apical horn and two smaller diverging antapical spines. Epitheca concave and depressed obliquely (Fig. 2a).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan. Andhra Pradesh, India 5, Gulf of Mannar 9, Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, South Andaman region, India 20, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea 21, Bay of Bengal 11 - 13, North Arabian Sea 22, 23, Yellow Sea, East China Sea 24, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, South-eastern Mexican Pacific Ocean 28, Brazil waters 29, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31, Caribbean Sea 32.
This species was recorded from the stations APK1, APK2, APK4 (surface and subsurface depths) and APK3 (subsurface depths) in Kakinada waters from the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 396, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Protoperidinium brochii Balech 1974
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Protoperidiniaceae
Protoperidinium
Protoperidinium brochii

description: 2. Protoperidinium brochii (Kofoid & Swezy) Balech, 1974
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with roundish body. Single small apical horn and two small slightly curved divergent antapical horns present. Presence of ring-like, almost circular girdle. Ventral portion of the body, between two antapical horns hollowed out (Fig. 2b).
Distribution: South Andaman region, India 20, Indian Ocean 11, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, South-eastern Mexican Pacific Ocean 28, Brazil waters 29, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31, South China Sea 24.
This species was recorded from the station APK1 (surface and subsurface depths), APK3 and APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 396, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Protoperidinium leonis Balech 1974
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Protoperidiniaceae
Protoperidinium
Protoperidinium leonis

description: 3. Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech 1974
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with pentagon shaped body. Presence of two small antapical spines. Length and width of body almost of the same dimension. Presence of broad-based spines on body surface. Outline of epitheca straight edged. Surface of epitheca slightly concave in the ventral region (Fig. 2c).
Distribution: Gulf of Mannar 9, Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, South Andaman region, India 20, Bay of Bengal 12 - 13, North Arabian Sea 23, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea 21, Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean 11, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Black Sea 27, Yellow Sea 24, Mediterranean waters 26, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Brazil waters 29, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the station APK1 (surface waters), APK2, APK3 (subsurface depths), and APK4 (surface and subsurface depths) in Kakinada waters from the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on pages 396-397, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Protoperidinium ovum Balech 1974
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Protoperidiniaceae
Protoperidinium
Protoperidinium ovum

description: 4. Protoperidinium ovum (J. Schiller) Balech 1974
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with ovoid shaped body. Apical horn short but prominent, separated from ovoid cell. Presence of two short antapical horns, which run parallel to each other and are slightly curved. Presence of a hypothecal pore. Presence of prominent left sulcal list (Fig. 2d).
Distribution: Bay of Bengal 12, Andaman Sea 11, North Arabian Sea 22, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Brazil waters 29, Canary Islands 34, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the station APK1 (surface waters), APK2, APK3 (subsurface depths), and APK4 (surface and subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 397, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Protoperidinium pallidum Balech 1973
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Protoperidiniaceae
Protoperidinium
Protoperidinium pallidum

description: 5. Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech 1973
Diagnostic characters: Pear shaped elongated, dorsoventrally compressed body. Single short apical horn and two small diverging antapical spines present. Reticular body surface (Fig. 2e).
Distribution: Coastal and oceanic from cold temperate to warm temperate waters; worldwide distribution. Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, South Andaman region, India 20, Bay of Bengal 13, Indian Ocean 11, Yellow Sea, East China Sea 24, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the stations APK1, APK2 (surface and subsurface depths), APK3 and APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 397, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Spiraulax kofoidii H. W Graham 1942
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Peridiniida
Spiraulax
Spiraulax kofoidii

description: 6. Spiraulax kofoidii H.W Graham, 1942
Diagnostic characters: Fusiform body shape. Presence of well-developed theca with areolated surface. Presence of a distinct antapical spine, narrow cingulum, and a well-formed sulcal lists (Fig. 2f).
Taxonomic Remarks: This species was formerly described and placed under the order Gonyaulacales but now is shifted to a temporary family Peridinnida incertae sedis under the order Peridiniales.
Distribution: Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, South Atlantic Ocean 35, Brazil waters 29, Canary Islands 34, Caribbean Sea 32, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Australian waters 31.
This species was observed from the station APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 397, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Dinophysiales
Dinophysaceae
Dinophysis
Dinophysis caudata

description: 7. Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent, 1881
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with an areolated surface. Body shaped like irregular trapezium. Left sulcal list spans the length of main body. Dorsal body margin curves gradually, and ventral margin runs straight along the body. Posterior ventral projection possesses a characteristic fingerlike structure (Fig. 2g & h).
Distribution: Sundarbans 36, Tamil Nadu coast, India 8, 10, Andhra Pradesh, India 5 - 6, Gulf of Mannar 9, Bay of Bengal 3, 8, North Arabian Sea 23, Indian Ocean 11, Australian waters 31, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Black Sea 27, Korean waters and the East China Sea, Pacific Ocean 37, Eastern Pacific Ocean 38, Peru waters 3, Argentine Sea 39, Mediterranean waters 26, Caribbean Sea 32, Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, South Atlantic Ocean 35.
This species was recorded from the station APK1, APK2 (surface and subsurface depths), and APK4 (subsurface depths) in Kakinada waters from the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 397, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Ornithocercus magnificus Stein 1883
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Dinophysiales
Dinophysaceae
Ornithocercus
Ornithocercus magnificus

description: 8. Ornithocercus magnificus Stein 1883
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with slightly asymmetrical, round cell body. Scattered pores present on the body surface. Presence of left sulcal list. Presence of 5 main posteriorly positioned ribs, of which 3 ribs situated antapically. These main ribs form anastomoses between them (Fig. 2i).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan in warm temperate to tropical waters. Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, Bay of Bengal 12 - 13, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea 21, Kochi coast, India 40 and Karnataka coast, India 41, Maldives 39, Indian Ocean 11, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Mediterranean waters 26, Gulf of Mexico 42, Caribbean Sea 32, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Brazil waters 29, Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, South Atlantic Ocean 35, Eastern Pacific Ocean 38, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the stations APK2 and APK3 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 398, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Tripos inflatus F. Gomez 2013
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Ceratiaceae
Tripos
Tripos inflatus

description: 10. Tripos inflatus (Kofoid), F.Gómez, 2013
Diagnostic characters: Thecate, elongated and spindle-shaped dinoflagellate. Body inflated slightly. Epitheca tapers to a single apical horn. Hypotheca forms a prominent left antapical horn, which abruptly curves at the distal end, and a reduced right antapical horn. The left antapical and the apical horns are equal in length (Fig. 2k).
Distribution: Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, Gulf of Mannar 9, North Arabian Sea 23, Indian Ocean 11, Mediterranean waters 42, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, West Indies, the Antilles 44, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the station APK1 (surface waters), APK2, APK3 (surface and subsurface depths), and APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 398, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Tripos trichoceros F. Gomez 2013
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Ceratiaceae
Tripos
Tripos trichoceros

description: 11. Tripos trichoceros (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with small, almost flat, subtrapezoidal body. Presence of thin elongated apical and antapical horns. Apical horn straight and long. Antapical horns bend at an angle and run lateral-posteriorly. Due to the bend, a shallow notch is formed between the proximal parts of the antapical horns. Distally, all three horns are parallel to each other (Fig. 2l).
Distribution: Sundarbans 36, Tamil Nadu coast, India 8, 10, Gulf of Mannar 9, Bay of Bengal 6, 13, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea 21, Indian Ocean 11, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, South Atlantic Ocean 35, Gulf of Mexico 15, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Australian waters 31, Caribbean Sea 32.
This species was widespread and recorded from the stations APK1, APK2, APK3 (surface and subsurface depths), and APK4 (subsurface depths) in Kakinada waters, from the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 398, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Tripos candelabrum F. Gomez 2013
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Ceratiaceae
Tripos
Tripos candelabrum

description: 12. Tripos candelabrum (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with surface pores and a cell body broader than long. Presence of a tapering, distinct apical horn arising from the epitheca. Presence of two short diverging antapical horns arising from the hypotheca, with one horn slightly longer than the other. This is a chainforming species (Fig. 2m).
Distribution: Warm temperate to tropical waters; worldwide distribution. Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, Andaman Sea 11, 21, Indian Ocean 11, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Mediterranean waters 26, Black Sea 27, Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, South Atlantic Ocean 35, Brazil waters 29, Gulf of Mexico 15, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the stations APK1, APK2, APK3 (surface and subsurface depths), and APK4 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on pages 398-399, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Tripos vultur F. Gomez 2013
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Ceratiaceae
Tripos
Tripos vultur

description: 13. Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez, 2013
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with robust cell body. Epitheca forms a straight, tapering apical horn, while from the hypotheca arises two antapical horns bent at abrupt angles with respect to the body. The antapical horns are directed outwards. The specimens have been seen forming chains (Fig. 2n & o).
Distribution: South Andaman region, India 20, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea 21, Bay of Bengal 13, Indian Ocean 11, Mediterranean waters 26, Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain, South Atlantic Ocean 35, Brazil waters 29, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the station APK3 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 399, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Triadinium polyedricum Lindemann, 1928 Dodge, 1981 Dodge 1981
Creators: name: Bhowal, A
name: Purushothaman, J
name: Siddique, A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gonyaulacales
Goniodomataceae
Triadinium
Triadinium polyedricum

description: 14. Triadinium polyedricum (Pouchet) Dodge, 1981
Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with an areolated surface. Body shape polyhedral. The equatorial girdle encompassed by conspicuous lists. Surrounding the apical pore are three almost equalsized plates, and near the antapex three additional plates are present. Antapex is flattened. Presence of crested thecal sutures. In some forms, a megacytic growth process takes place, altering the shape of some plates, since this growth produces wide pore-free bands (Fig. 2p).
Distribution: South Andaman region, India 20, Andaman Sea 3, 21, Bay of Bengal 13, Indian Ocean 11, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Black Sea 27, Caribbean Sea 32, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.
This species was recorded from the stations APK1, APK3, APK4 (surface and subsurface depths), and APK2 (subsurface depths) for the first time in Kakinada waters, and in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
description: Published as part of Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 390-401 in Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8) on page 399, DOI: 10.56042/ijms.v52i08.11023, http://zenodo.org/record/11622455
Paragus (Paragus) radjabii Gilasian & Sorokina, 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus radjabii

description: Paragus (Paragus) radjabii sp. nov.
Figs. 1 A–B, 2 A–B, 4 A–D, 5 A–D, 7 A–F
Diagnosis. The species P. radjabii sp. nov. is very similar to P. compeditus Wiedemann. The male and the female of the new species can be distinguished as follows: face uniformly rounded medially without a distinct knob, posterior margin of tergite VII of the female with a thickening; the male terminalia are different.
The new species can be incorporated into Sorokina’s key to males and female of Asian Paragus (Sorokina 2009: 357, 364) by the following couplets:
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus

description: List of Paragus species known from Iran
This list summarizes earlier reports of Paragus species and gives distribution of all known Iranian species (Fig. 6). The list includes three species of subgenus Pandasyophtalmus Stukenberg and nine species of subgenus Paragus Latreille.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 53, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Pandasyophtalmus) abrogans Goeldlin
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus abrogans

description: Paragus (Pandasyophtalmus) abrogans Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1971
Paragus albipes Gimmerthal, 1842 of Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 19.
Materail examined. IRAN: East Azarbaijan Province: Lighvan, Sahand Mt. 2440m, 3.viii.1992, leg. Parchami; Golestan Province: Golestan National park, Koylar, 1250m, 23.vii.1996, leg. Ebrahimi; Khorasan-e Razavi Province: Ghoochan, Emamgholi, Chovinli, 1746m, 30.v.2006, leg. Gilasian; Kordestan Province: Bidjar, 2300m, 6.vii.1968; Lorestan Province: Alashtar, Kahman, 1900m, 25.vi.2004, leg. Gilasian; Mazandaran Province: Tonkabon, Dohezar, 650m, 29.v.2003, leg. Gilasian; Tehran Province: Damavand, Nava, 12.vii.1976, leg. Lavallee.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Pandasyophtalmus) haemorrhous Meigen 1822
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus haemorrhous

description: Paragus (Pandasyophtalmus) haemorrhous Meigen, 1822
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 19; Sorokina, 2009: 358, 363, 365.
Material examined. IRAN: East Azarbaijan Province: Kaleybar, Youzband, 1500m, 4.vii.1997, leg. Mofidi; Khorasan-e Razavi Province: Mashhad, Shandiz, Zoshk, 27.v.2006, leg. Gilasian; Tehran Province: Evin, 1550m, 12.iv.2003, leg. Gilasian.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Open Science for HPC Day 3 - Ethics and Reproducibility in Research
Creators: name: Auer, Susann
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ethical Research
Reproducibility
HPC
Computer Science

description: Slide deck for training on Open Science for HPC-NRW on 4 December 2024. Contents include Ethical research in computer science, reproducibility in research
Paragus (Pandasyophtalmus) tibialis Fallen 1817
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus tibialis

description: Paragus (Pandasyophtalmus) tibialis (Fallén, 1817)
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 19; Sorokina, 2009: 359, 365; Khaghaninia et al., 2010: 273.
Material examined. IRAN: East Azarbaijan Province: Khodaafarin, Jananlou, 360m, 20.v.2004, leg. Gilasian; Golestan Province: Golestan National Park, Koylar, 1250m, 23.vii.1996, leg. Ebrahimi; Mazandaran Province: Amol, 1125m, 3.ix.2003, leg. Moghadam; Tehran Province: Damavand, 20.vii.1970, leg. Safavi.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) albifrons Fallen 1817
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus albifrons

description: Paragus (Paragus) albifrons (Fallén, 1817)
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 19; Khaghaninia et al., 2010: 273.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) azureus Hull 1949
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus azureus

description: Paragus (Paragus) azureus Hull, 1949
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 20.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) bicolor Fabricius 1794
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus bicolor

description: Paragus (Paragus) bicolor (Fabricius, 1794)
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 20; Sorokina, 2009: 354, 355, 357, 358, 360, 361; Khaghaninia et al., 2010: 273.
Material examined. IRAN: Khorasan-e Razavi Province: Ghoochan, Emamgholi, Chovinli, 1746m, 30.v.2006, leg. Gilasian, Torbate jam, 2.vi.1973, leg. Ayatollahi.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
title: Visual Generative AI in Warfare and Terrorism: Risk Mitigation through Technical Requirements and Regulatory Insights
Creators: name: Singer, Tahel
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: generative AI
subject: radicalization
subject: AI technologies

description: The nature of modern terrorism and warfare has evolved significantly, with technological advancements enabling the capture and dissemination of uncensored graphic propaganda across social media platforms. These visuals, often in HD quality, can be used to train generative AI models, raising concerns about the misuse of such technologies to fuel violence, radicalization, and polarization, with profound psychological consequences on both microand macro-levels. This thesis examines whether current AI regulations, particularly the EU AI Act, adequately address these risks, and seeks for relevant technical solutions to mitigate them. We built a working corpus using the PRISMA framework, drawing on research addressing AI-powered radicalization and online terrorist activities. Through a socio-technical lens, we explored how exposure to violent content triggers radicalization pathways, studying radicalization models and the interplay between structured online and offline terrorist activities. We also explored the role of internet infrastructure and core algorithms in facilitating radicalization and how extremist groups exploit these social and technical components to achieve their goals, leading to a broad scope of direct and indirect consequences. Our analysis of the risk landscape, based on a risk-based approach, identified multiple risks, including propaganda-driven dehumanization, the enhancement of the “othering” phenomenon, the normalization of violence, and widespread psychological harm. We conducted a gap assessment of the EU AI Act, finding that while the act broadly covers these risks, it addresses key challenges like bias, privacy, transparency, and explainability only in abstract terms, without explicit technology-focused requirements. Additionally, there is insufficient focus on extremist groups and terror organizations as malicious actors, limited technological standardization, and no national education programs to build resilience against the misuse of generative AI. We recommend incorporating systematic human moderation, advanced machine learning algorithms to detect extremist inputs and violent outputs, and anonymization of individual visual attributes using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Furthermore, we propose a set of standards for watermarking techniques to support global regulatory efforts and research. These gaps highlight the need for active collaboration among regulators and other stakeholders to ensure the responsible development and deployment of AI technologies that mitigate the risks identified in this work.
Paragus (Paragus) antoinettae Goeldlin
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus antoinettae

description: Paragus (Paragus) antoinettae Goeldlin de Tiefenau & Lucas, 1981
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 19.
Material examined. IRAN: Golestan province: Golestan National Park, Sulgerd, 1100m, 5.ix.2000, leg. Gilasian.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
EVALUATION OF THE COMBINATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN AN OFFSHORE PLATFORM, USING TOPSIS MULTICRITERIA METHOD
Creators: name: Lilas, Theodoros
name: Dagkinis, Ioannis
name: Psomas, Panagiotis
name: stefanakou, afrokomi afroula
name: Nikitakos, Nikitas
name: ANTONIOU, ERSI-EVGENIA
name: Pavlogeorgatos, Gerasimos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Combining different renewable energy sources increases electricity production and system availability. In this paper, the risks arising from interconnection of subsystems with different technologies in a floating multi-use platform are assessed through the application of the TOPSIS multicriteria method. The different renewable energy subsystems are evaluated in different operational conditions either stand-alone or in combination. The application aims to achieve the quantification of benefits of the combination of a wind turbine, photovoltaic panels, wave energy converters, and energy storage subsystems on board an offshore floating platform using the proposed method as an assessment tool. Finally, the most suitable sites for installing the overall structure are evaluated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process.
Paragus (Paragus) compeditus Wiedemann 1830
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus compeditus

description: Paragus (Paragus) compeditus Wiedemann, 1830
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 20; Sorokina, 2009: 356, 360, 364, 365; Khaghaninia et al., 2010: 273.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) finitimus Goeldlin
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus finitimus

description: Paragus (Paragus) finitimus Goeldlin de Tiefenau, 1971
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 20.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) majoranae Rondani 1857
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus majoranae

description: Paragus (Paragus) majoranae Rondani, 1857
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 21.
С omment. Probably Paragus pecchiolii Rondani has been found in Iran, because many authors earlier used the name majoranae for this species. Unfortunately we could not check the indicated species by Dousti & Hayat (2006), so P. majoranae is given here.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus Meigen 1822
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus quadrifasciatus

description: Paragus (Paragus) quadrifasciatus Meigen, 1822
Dousti & Hayat, 2006: 21; Sorokina, 2009: 357, 359, 363, 365; Khaghaninia et al., 2010: 274.
Material examined. IRAN: Gilan Province: Lowshan, Bivarzin, 900m, 27.v.1997, leg. Sarafrazi; West Azarbaijan Province: Orumieh, Ghasemlou, 1350m, 17.viii.1994, leg. Ebrahimi; Zanjan Province: Khorramdarreh, Hidaj, 1750m, 29.vii.1992, leg. Parchami.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Paragus (Paragus) serratus Fabricius 1805
Creators: name: Gilasian, Ebrahim
name: Sorokina, Vera S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Syrphidae
Paragus
Paragus serratus

description: Paragus (Paragus) serratus (Fabricius, 1805)
Mehrabi & Ssymank, 2008: 73.
description: Published as part of Gilasian, Ebrahim & Sorokina, Vera S., 2011, The genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, with the description of a new species, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 2764 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.207343
Psolidium minutus
Creators: name: O'Loughlin, P. Mark
name: Ahearn, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Holothuroidea
Dendrochirotida
Psolidae
Psolidium
Psolidium minutus

description: Psolidium minutus (H. L. Clark)
Table 1, Figures 7c–d
Psolus minutus H. L. Clark, 1938: 507 –09, figs 51–52.—H. L. Clark, 1946: 414.— Pawson, 1968b: 21 (key).— Cannon and Silver, 1987: 29.
Psolidium minutus.—Rowe (in Rowe and Gates), 1995: 318.— Coleman, 2002: 65, fig.
Material examined. Paratypes: Lord Howe I, Neds Beach, under rock, Apr 1932, AM J6450 (3).
Other material. Neds Beach, under rock, N. Coleman, 20 Jul 2002, NMV F93176 (1); Middleton Reef, shallow reef front, 29°27.2'S 159°06.8'E, sandy bottom, 10 m, 4 Dec 1987, AM J20901 (1).
Description. Psolidium species up to 10 mm long (live); dorsal and lateral body scales thick to thin, bluntly toothed on free edge, up to 1.3 mm wide; tube feet pass through scales.
Sole with peripheral band of tube feet, outer single series of smaller tube feet, inner single series; mid-ventral radial series of tube feet 2 wide.
Dorsal and lateral ossicles: single to multi-layered ossicles (scales) with tube foot canals; large cups shallow to deep, closely finely spinous rim, large cups 48–80 μ m long; small cupped crosses and cups deep, closely finely spinous distal arm branches and cup rim, small crosses and cups up to 24 μ m long; lacking rosettes.
Sole ossicles: perforated plates, irregularly round to elongate, smooth, marginally slightly knobbed to bluntly spinous, up to 36 perforations, up to 360 μ m long; shallow cups with finely spinous rim, typically 4 perforations, typically 48 μ m long; very small deeply cupped crosses and cups, finely closely spinous on distal arm branches and rim, up to 20 μ m long; lacking rosettes.
Tentacles lack rosettes.
Colour. Live colour white, tentacles yellowish (H. L. Clark, 1938; Coleman, 2002: 65, fig.).
Distribution. Tasman Sea, Lord Howe I, Middleton Reef; 1– 10 m.
Remarks. The distinctive characters of Psolidium minutus (H. L. Clark, 1938) are the presence of 2 size ranges of cupped crosses and cups in the sole, and absence of rosettes in the body wall. H. L. Clark (1938) noted that Dr Deichmann had called his attention to the fact that the ossicles in Psolus minutus resembled those in some species of Psolidium. Rowe (1995) reassigned Psolus minutus to Psolidium on the basis of dorsal tube feet penetrating the scales.
description: Published as part of O'Loughlin, P. Mark & Ahearn, Cynthia, 2008, Australian species of Psolidium Ludwig (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae), pp. 1-22 in Memoirs of Museum Victoria 65 on page 16, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2008.65.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8065020