cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Confining Eutectic Gallium Indium (eGaIn) in Expired Artificial Kidneys to Unveil Nanoporous Conductive Wires
Creators: name: Monwar, Momena
name: Licup, Gerra
name: Khan, M. Rashed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoporous membranes have gained considerable interest in drug delivery1, ion transportation2, micro/nanofluidics3, molecular sensing4, and separation science5. Artificial kidneys, also known as dialyzers, reject pathogens and other unwanted substances from the blood, utilize hundreds of soft and nanoporous polymeric microtubes, and slowly become a burden to the environment with the growing number of dialysis patients worldwide. We demonstrate the fabrication of nanoporous conductive wires utilizing empty polysulfone microtubes collected from expired and unused artificial kidneys, also known as medical wastes. Injecting a fluidic, highly conductive, and room temperature liquid alloy (eutectic gallium indium-eGaIn$_6$, 75% Ga, 25% In) into microtubes of a twenty years old dialyzer, here, we have revealed a new class of nanoporous and conductive functional materials. These conductive fibers upcycle a medical waste, do not require expensive and conventional fabrication processes, and still provide the quintessential metal-oxide/metal framework due to the presence of the native surface oxide (i.e., Gallium Oxide, Ga2O3) of eGaIn at the nanoconfinement (i.e., nanopores) for nano/biosensing. We harnessed these new materials to sense and differentiate microliter volumes of deionized (DI) water, 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl), and 95% ethanol (EtOH), leveraging their electrical signatures. This new class of soft nanomaterials has the potential to become the paradigm-shift platforms for the next-generation of biomedical, bioelectronics, nanoelectronics, and sensor devices.
Navier-Stokes blow-up rates in certain Besov spaces whose regularity exceeds the critical value by $\boldsymbol{ε\in [1,2]}$
Creators: name: Davies, Joseph P.
name: Koch, Gabriel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a solution $u$ to the Navier-Stokes equations in spatial dimension $n\geq3$ which blows up at a finite time $T>0$, we prove the blowup estimate ${\|u(t)\|}_{\dot{B}_{p,q}^{s_{p}+ε}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\gtrsim_{φ,ε,(p\vee q\vee 2)}{(T-t)}^{-ε/2}$ for all $ε\in[1,2)$ and $p,q\in[1,\frac{n}{2-ε})$, where $s_{p}:=-1+\frac{n}{p}$ is the scaling-critical regularity, and $φ$ is the cutoff function used to define the Littlewood-Paley projections. For $ε=2$, we prove the same type of estimate but only for $q=1$: ${\|u(t)\|}_{\dot{B}_{p,1}^{s_{p}+2}(\mathbb{R}^n)}\gtrsim_{φ,(p\vee 2)}{(T-t)}^{-1}$ for all $p\in [1,\infty)$. Under the additional restriction that $p,q\in[1,2]$ and $n=3$, these blowup estimates are implied by those first proved by Robinson, Sadowski and Silva (J. Math. Phys., 2012) for $p=q=2$ in the case $ε\in(1,2)$, and by McCormick, Olson, Robinson, Rodrigo, Vidal-López and Zhou (SIAM J. Math. Anal., 2016) for $p=2$ in the cases $(ε,q)=(1,2)$ and $(ε,q)=(2,1)$.
description: 10 pages
Lattice Boltzmann simulations on the role of channel structure for reactive capillary infiltration
Creators: name: Sergi, Danilo
name: Grossi, Loris
name: Leidi, Tiziano
name: Ortona, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely recognized that the structure of porous media is of relevance for a variety of mechanical and physical phenomena. The focus of the present work is on capillarity, a pore-scale process occurring at the micron scale. We attempt to characterize the influence of pore shape for capillary infiltration by means of Lattice Boltzmann simulations in 2D with reactive boundaries leading to surface growth and ultimately to pore closure. The systems under investigation consist of single channels with different simplified morphologies: namely, periodic profiles with sinusoidal, step-shaped and zig-zag walls, as well as constrictions and expansions with rectangular, convex and concave steps. This is a useful way to decompose the complexity of typical porous media into basic structures. The simulations show that the minimum radius alone fails to characterize properly the infiltration dynamics. The structure of the channels emerge as the dominant property controlling the process. A factor responsible for this behavior is identified as being the occurrence of pinning of the contact line. It turns out that the optimal configuration for the pore structure arises from the packing of large particles with round shapes. In this case, the probability to have flow paths wide and straight is higher. Faceted surfaces presenting sharp edges should be avoided because of the phenomenon of pinning near narrow-to-wide parts. This study is motivated by the infiltration of molten metals into carbon preforms. This is a manufacturing technique for ceramic components devised to advanced applications. Guidelines for experimental work are discussed.
description: Publication: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2015.1026432 Material: https://sites.google.com/site/lbmodule/. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics (2015)
Parabolic fractal dimension of forward-singularities for Navier-Stokes and liquid crystals inequalities
Creators: name: Koch, Gabriel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In 1985, V. Scheffer discussed partial regularity results for what he called solutions to the "Navier-Stokes inequality". These maps essentially satisfy the incompressibility condition as well as the local and global energy inequalities and the pressure equation which may be derived formally from the Navier-Stokes system of equations, but they are not required to satisfy the Navier-Stokes system itself. One may extend this notion to a system considered by F.-H. Lin and C. Liu in the mid 1990s related to models of the flow of nematic liquid crystals, which include the Navier-Stokes system when the 'director field' $d$ is taken to be zero. In addition to an extended Navier-Stokes system, the Lin-Liu model includes a further parabolic system which implies an a priori maximum principle for $d$, which is lost when one considers the analogous 'inequality'. In 2018, Q. Liu proved a partial regularity result for certain solutions to the Lin-Liu model in terms of the parabolic fractal dimension $\textrm{dim}_{\textrm{pf}}$, relying on the boundedness of $d$ coming from the maximum principle. Specifically, Q. Liu proves $\textrm{dim}_{\textrm{pf}}(Σ_{-} \cap \mathcal{K}) \leq \tfrac{95}{63}$ for any compact $\mathcal{K}$, where $Σ_{-}$ is the set of 'forward-singular' space-time points, near which the solution blows up forwards in time. For solutions to the corresponding 'inequality', we prove here that, without any compensation for the lack of maximum principle, one has $\textrm{dim}_{\textrm{pf}}(Σ_{-} \cap \mathcal{K}) \leq \tfrac {55}{13}$. We also provide a range of criteria, including as just one example the boundedness of $d$, any one of which would furthermore imply that $\textrm{dim}_{\textrm{pf}}(Σ_{-} \cap \mathcal{K}) \leq \tfrac{95}{63}$ for solutions to the inequality, just as Q. Liu proved for solutions to the Lin-Liu system.
description: 21 pages, with some text overlap with arXiv:2001.04098 by the same author
title: Non-local interference via path-entanglement over a 411m long multicore fibre
Creators: name: Bartokos, Michael
Year: 2022

description: In diesem Grundsatzbeweis wird Pfadverschränkung über nicht-lokale Interferenz zweier benachbarten Paaren einer mehrkernigen Faser nachgewiesen. Die Photonen werden in einem nicht-linearem Kristall erzeugt und Simulationen zeigen die rotationssymmetrische Verteilung und temperaturabhängigen Eigenschaften. Diese werden anschließend auf die Faser projiziert, welche verwendet wird um die Photonon zu zwei verschiedenen Interferometern zu leiten, wo sie an einem Strahlenteiler interferieren und Koinzidenzen gemessen werden. Obwohl der Aufbau dieses Experiments nicht stabilisiert wird, werden Sichtbarkeiten von über 97% erreicht, weshalb sich diese Technik für Quantenschlüssel-Generations- und Verteilungs-Anwendungen eignet. Dieses Experiment zeigt, dass eine mehrkernige Faser Verschränkungsverteilung und die verwendete Wellenlänge (1560nm) die Integration in bestehende Telekommunikationsinfrastruktur ermöglicht.
description: In this proof-of-principle experiment path-entanglement was verified by nonlocally interfering two neighbouring core pairs of a multi-core fibre (MCF). The entangled photons are generated inside a non-linear crystal and simulations show the rotationally symmetric distribution and temperature dependent spectral characteristics. They are then mapped onto the end-face of the MCF, which is used to guide the photons to two distinct interferometers, where the photons interfere on a beamsplitter and coincidences are measured. Even though the setup was not stabilized, it reaches visibilities up to 97%, making this technique suitable for quantum key generation and distribution applications. This experiment shows that a MCF is suitable for entanglement distribution and the wavelength of the photons (1560nm) makes this technique integrable for existing telecommunication infrastructure.
Quantum Model Of Spin Noise
Creators: name: Annabestani, R.
name: Cory, D. G.
name: Emerson, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any ensemble of quantum particles exhibits statistical fluctuations known as spin noise. Here, we provide a description of spin noise in the language of open quantum systems. The description unifies the signatures of spin noise under both strong and weak measurements. Further, the model accounts for arbitrary spin dynamics from an arbitrary initial state. In all cases we can find both the spin noise and its time correlation function.
description: 11 pages, 7 figure
SMEFT predictions for $gg\to hh$ at full NLO QCD and truncation uncertainties
Creators: name: Heinrich, Gudrun
name: Lang, Jannis
name: Scyboz, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a calculation of the NLO QCD corrections for Higgs-boson pair production in gluon fusion including effects of anomalous couplings within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We study effects of different truncation options of the EFT expansion in $1/Λ$ and of double operator insertions, both at total cross-section level as well as for the distribution of the invariant mass of the Higgs-boson pair, at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. The NLO corrections are implemented in the generator $\texttt{ggHH_SMEFT}$ in the $\texttt{Powheg-Box-V2}$ framework.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures; v2: matches the published version; v3: cf. erratum/addendum, results with a fix for the two-loop virtuals (where the bug was affecting results with chhh/ct != 1, or ctt != 0)
Odd q-State Clock Spin-Glass Models in Three Dimensions, Asymmetric Phase Diagrams, and Multiple Algebraically Ordered Phases
Creators: name: Ilker, Efe
name: Berker, A. Nihat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Distinctive orderings and phase diagram structures are found, from renormalization-group theory, for odd q-state clock spin-glass models in d=3 dimensions. These models exhibit asymmetric phase diagrams, as is also the case for quantum Heisenberg spin-glass models. No finite-temperature spin-glass phase occurs. For all odd $q\geqslant 5$, algebraically ordered antiferromagnetic phases occur. One such phase is dominant and occurs for all $q\geqslant 5$. Other such phases occupy small low-temperature portions of the phase diagrams and occur for $5 \leqslant q \leqslant 15$. All algebraically ordered phases have the same structure, determined by an attractive finite-temperature sink fixed point where a dominant and a subdominant pair states have the only non-zero Boltzmann weights. The phase transition critical exponents quickly saturate to the high q value.
description: Published version, 9 pages, 10 phase diagrams, 5 figures, 1 table
The category of extensions and a characterisation of $n$-exangulated functors
Creators: name: Bennett-Tennenhaus, Raphael
name: Haugland, Johanne
name: Sandøy, Mads Hustad
name: Shah, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 18E05, Secondary 18E10, 18G80, 18N10

description: Additive categories play a fundamental role in mathematics and related disciplines. Given an additive category equipped with a biadditive functor, one can construct its category of extensions, which encodes important structural information. We study how functors between categories of extensions relate to those at the level of the original categories. When the additive categories in question are $n$-exangulated, this leads to a characterisation of $n$-exangulated functors. Our approach enables us to study $n$-exangulated categories from a $2$-categorical perspective. We introduce $n$-exangulated natural transformations and characterise them using categories of extensions. Our characterisations allow us to establish a $2$-functor between the $2$-categories of small $n$-exangulated categories and small exact categories. A similar result with no smallness assumption is also proved. We employ our theory to produce various examples of $n$-exangulated functors and natural transformations. Although the motivation for this article stems from representation theory and the study of $n$-exangulated categories, our results are widely applicable: several require only an additive category equipped with a biadditive functor with no extra assumptions; others can be applied by endowing an additive category with its split $n$-exangulated structure.
description: v1: 38 pages. Comments welcome. v2: Small additions in section 4. v3: 39 pages, minor changes following referee's comments, some references added, published in Math. Z
Extensive Long-Range Entanglement in a Nonequilibrium Steady State
Creators: name: Fraenkel, Shachar
name: Goldstein, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement measures constitute powerful tools in the quantitative description of quantum many-body systems out of equilibrium. We study entanglement in the current-carrying steady state of a paradigmatic one-dimensional model of noninteracting fermions at zero temperature in the presence of a scatterer. We show that disjoint intervals located on opposite sides of the scatterer, and within similar distances from it, maintain volume-law entanglement regardless of their separation, as measured by their fermionic negativity and coherent information. The mutual information of the intervals, which quantifies the total correlations between them, follows a similar scaling. Interestingly, this scaling entails in particular that if the position of one of the intervals is kept fixed, then the correlation measures depend non-monotonically on the distance between the intervals. By deriving exact expressions for the extensive terms of these quantities, we prove their simple functional dependence on the scattering probabilities, and demonstrate that the strong long-range entanglement is generated by the coherence between the transmitted and reflected parts of propagating particles within the bias-voltage window. The generality and simplicity of the model suggest that this behavior should characterize a large class of nonequilibrium steady states.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures + Supplemental Material. v2: Published version, 10+10 pages, 3+2 figures; the discussion of logarithmic corrections was removed, and is now elaborated separately in arXiv:2310.16901
Vacuum Casimir energy densities and field divergences at boundaries
Creators: name: Bartolo, Nicola
name: Butera, Salvatore
name: Lattuca, Margherita
name: Passante, Roberto
name: Rizzuto, Lucia
name: Spagnolo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider and review the emergence of singular energy densities and field fluctuations at sharp boundaries or point-like field sources in the vacuum. The presence of singular energy densities of a field may be relevant from a conceptual point of view, because they contribute to the self-energy of the system. They should also generate significant gravitational effects. We first consider the case of the interface between a metallic boundary and the vacuum, and obtain the structure of the singular electric and magnetic energy densities at the interface through an appropriate limit from a dielectric to an ideal conductor. Then, we consider the case of a point-like source of the electromagnetic field, and show that also in this case the electric and magnetic energy densities show a singular structure at the source position. We discuss how, in both cases, these singularities give an essential contribution to the electromagnetic self-energy of the system; moreover, they solve an apparent inconsistency between the space integral of the field energy density and the average value of the field Hamiltonian. The singular behavior we find is softened, or even eliminated, for boundaries fluctuating in space and for extended field sources. We discuss in detail the case in which a reflecting boundary is not fixed in space but is allowed to move around an equilibrium position, under the effect of quantum fluctuations of its position. Specifically, we consider the simple case of a one-dimensional massless scalar field in a cavity with one fixed and one mobile wall described quantum-mechanically. We investigate how the possible motion of the wall changes the vacuum fluctuations and the energy density of the field, compared with the fixed-wall case. Also, we explicitly show how the fluctuating motion of the wall smears out the singular behaviour of the field energy density at the boundary.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, special issue of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter on Casimir Forces
Doctoral thesis recital (violin)
Creators: name: Lin, Wei (Violinist)
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonatas (Violin and piano)
Concertos (Violin)--Solo with piano

description: Violin sonata no. 1 in G major, op. 78 (1879) / Johannes Brahms -- The butterfly lovers : violin concerto (1959) / He Zhanhao ; Chen Gang
The HOMFLYPT skein algebra of the torus and the elliptic Hall algebra
Creators: name: Morton, Hugh
name: Samuelson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a generators and relations presentation of the HOMFLYPT skein algebra $H$ of the torus $T^2$, and we give an explicit description of the module corresponding to the solid torus. Using this presentation, we show that $H$ is isomorphic to the $t=q$ specialization of the elliptic Hall algebra of Burban and Schiffmann [BS12]. As an application, for an iterated cable $K$ of the unknot, we use the elliptic Hall algebra to construct a 3-variable polynomial that specializes to the $λ$-colored Homflypt polynomial of $K$. We show that this polynomial also specializes to one constructed by Cherednik and Danilenko [CD14] using the $\mathfrak{gl}_N$ double affine Hecke algebra. This proves one of the Connection Conjectures in [CD14].
description: v1: preliminary version, 36 pages, many figures. v2: minor edits and improvements to exposition
The Economics of Automated Market Makers
Creators: name: Fritsch, Robin
name: Käser, Samuel
name: Wattenhofer, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper studies the question whether automated market maker protocols such as Uniswap can sustainably retain a portion of their trading fees for the protocol. We approach the problem by modelling how to optimally choose a pool's take rate, i.e\ the fraction of fee revenue that remains with the protocol, in order to maximize the protocol's revenue. The model suggest that if AMMs have a portion of loyal trade volume, they can sustainably set a non-zero take rate, even without losing liquidity to competitors with a zero take rate. Furthermore, we determine the optimal take rate depending on a number of model parameters including how much loyal trade volume pools have and how high the competitors' take rates are.
Running interfacial waves in two-layer fluid system subject to longitudinal vibrations
Creators: name: Goldobin, Denis S.
name: Pimenova, Anastasiya V.
name: Kovalevskaya, Kseniya V.
name: Lyubimov, Dmitry V.
name: Lyubimova, Tatyana P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the waves at the interface between two thin horizontal layers of immiscible fluids subject to high-frequency horizontal vibrations. Previously, the variational principle for energy functional, which can be adopted for treatment of quasi-stationary states of free interface in fluid dynamical systems subject to vibrations, revealed existence of standing periodic waves and solitons in this system. However, this approach does not provide regular means for dealing with evolutionary problems: neither stability problems nor ones associated with propagating waves. In this work, we rigorously derive the evolution equations for long waves in the system, which turn out to be identical to the "plus" (or "good") Boussinesq equation. With these equations one can find all time-independent-profile solitary waves (standing solitons are a specific case of these propagating waves), which exist below the linear instability threshold; the standing and slow solitons are always unstable while fast solitons are stable. Depending on initial perturbations, unstable solitons either grow in an explosive manner, which means layer rupture in a finite time, or falls apart into stable solitons. The results are derived within the long-wave approximation as the linear stability analysis for the flat-interface state [D.V. Lyubimov, A.A. Cherepanov, Fluid Dynamics, vol. 21, 849-854 (1987)] reveals the instabilities of thin layers to be long-wavelength.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Topological Edge Mode Tapering
Creators: name: Flower, Christopher J.
name: Barik, Sabyasachi
name: Mehrabad, Mahmoud Jalali
name: Martin, Nicholas J
name: Mittal, Sunil
name: Hafezi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mode tapering, or the gradual manipulation of the size of some mode, is a requirement for any system that aims to efficiently interface two or more subsystems of different mode sizes. While high efficiency tapers have been demonstrated, they often come at the cost of a large device footprint or challenging fabrication. Topological photonics, offering robustness to certain types of disorder as well as chirality, has proved to be a well-suited design principle for numerous applications in recent years. Here we present a new kind of mode taper realized through topological bandgap engineering. We numerically demonstrate a sixfold change in mode width over an extremely compact 8$μ$m distance with near unity efficiency in the optical domain. With suppressed backscattering and no excitation of higher-order modes, such a taper could enable new progress in the development of scalable, multi-component systems in classical and quantum optics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Perturbations of Single-field Inflation in Modified Gravity Theory
Creators: name: Qiu, Taotao
name: Xia, Jun-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the case of single field inflation within the framework of modified gravity theory where the gravity part has an arbitrary form $f(R)$. Via a conformal transformation, this case can be transformed into its Einstein frame where it looks like a two-field inflation model. However, due to the existence of the isocurvature modes in such a multi-degree-of-freedom (m.d.o.f.) system, the (curvature) perturbations are not equivalent in two frames, so in despite of its convenience, it is illegal to treat the perturbations in its Einstein frame as the "real" ones as we always do for pure $f(R)$ theory or single field with nonminimal coupling. Here by pulling the results of curvature perturbations back into its original Jordan frame, we show explicitly the power spectrum and spectral index of the perturbations in the Jordan frame, as well as how it differs from the Einstein frame. We also fit our results with the newest Planck data. Since there are large parameter space in these models, we show that it is easy to fit the data very well.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, substantially improved, matching with the published version
Some consequences of the valley Delta conjectures
Creators: name: D'Adderio, Michele
name: Iraci, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05

description: In (Haglund, Remmel, Wilson 2018) Haglund, Remmel and Wilson introduced their Delta conjectures, which give two different combinatorial interpretations of the symmetric function $Δ'_{e_{n-k-1}} e_n$ in terms of rise-decorated or valley-decorated labelled Dyck paths respectively. While the rise version has been recently proved (D'Adderio, Mellit 2021; Blasiak, Haiman, Morse, Pun, Seelinger preprint 2021), not much is known about the valley version. In this work we prove the Schröder case of the valley Delta conjecture, the Schröder case of its square version (Iraci, Vanden Wyngaerd 2021), and the Catalan case of its extended version (Qiu, Wilson 2020). Furthermore, assuming the symmetry of (a refinement of) the combinatorial side of the extended valley Delta conjecture, we deduce also the Catalan case of its square version (Iraci, Vanden Wyngaerd 2021).
description: 19 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2003.12048
Uncertainty relations from graph theory
Creators: name: de Gois, Carlos
name: Hansenne, Kiara
name: Gühne, Otfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum measurements are inherently probabilistic and quantum theory often forbids to precisely predict the outcomes of simultaneous measurements. This phenomenon is captured and quantified through uncertainty relations. Although studied since the inception of quantum theory, the problem of determining the possible expectation values of a collection of quantum measurements remains, in general, unsolved. By constructing a close connection between observables and graph theory, we derive uncertainty relations valid for any set of dichotomic observables. These relations are, in many cases, tight, and related to the size of the maximum clique of the associated graph. As applications, our results can be straightforwardly used to formulate entropic uncertainty relations, separability criteria and entanglement witnesses.
Enhanced group classification of Gardner equations with time-dependent coefficients
Creators: name: Vaneeva, Olena
name: Kuriksha, Oksana
name: Sophocleous, Christodoulos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q53, 35A30

description: We classify the Lie symmetries of variable coefficient Gardner equations (called also the combined KdV-mKdV equations). In contrast to the particular results presented in Molati and Ramollo (2012) we perform the exhaustive group classification. It is shown that the complete result can be achieved using either the gauging of arbitrary elements of class by the equivalence transformations or the method of mapping between classes. As by-product of the second approach the complete group classification of a class of variable coefficient mKdV equations with forcing term is derived. Advantages of the use of the generalized extended equivalence group in comparison with the usual one are also discussed.
description: 12 pages; the version published in Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat
Photons to axion-like particles conversion in Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Tavecchio, Fabrizio
name: Roncadelli, Marco
name: Galanti, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea that photons can convert into axion-like particles (ALPs) $γ\to a$ in or around an AGN and reconvert back into photons $a \to γ$ in the Milky Way magnetic field has been put forward in 2008 and has recently attracted growing interest. Yet, so far nobody has estimated the conversion probability $γ\to a$ as carefully as allowed by present-day knowledge. Our aim is to fill this gap. We first remark that AGN that can be detected above 100 GeV are blazars, namely AGN with jets, with one of them pointing towards us. Moreover, blazars fall into two well defined classes: BL Lac objects (BL Lacs) and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs), with drastically different properties. In this Letter we report a preliminary evaluation of the $γ\to a$ conversion probability inside these two classes of blazars. Our findings are surprising. Indeed, while in the case of BL Lacs the conversion probability turns out to be totally unpredictable due to the strong dependence on the values of the somewhat uncertain position of the emission region along the jet and strength of the magnetic field therein, for FSRQs we are able to make a clear-cut prediction. Our results are of paramount importance in view of the planned very-high-energy photon detectors like the CTA, HAWK, GAMMA-400 and HISCORE.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
title: Schön sein - welche Wirkung hat die Objektifizierung von Frauen und Mädchen auf deren psychologisches Selbst-Konzept?
Creators: name: Härting, Magdalena Elisa Maria Charlotte
Year: 2022

description: Die Masterarbeit untersucht, welche Wirkung die Reduktion auf das Aussehen auf das psychologische Selbst-Konzept von Mädchen und Frauen hat. Mittels Autoethnographie wird persönliches Datenmaterial der Verfasserin dazu herangezogen, um gemeinsam mit bestehender Theorie und Forschung die Effekte von Objektifizierung auf das Selbst nachzuzeichnen. Die Forschungsfrage beschränkt sich auf weiße junge hetero cis Frauen ohne Behinderung, die nicht von Fettfeindlichkeit betroffen sind. Nach der Einleitung wird die Methode vorgestellt, danach die zentralen Theoriebausteine der Objectification Theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) mit dem Konzept der Selbst-Objektifizierung, und das hierarchische Selbst-Konzept-Modell (Shavelson et al., 1976) dargelegt und der Forschungsstand zusammengefasst. Der Ergebnis- und Diskussionsteil bildet das Erleben von Objektifizierung ab, wie es zur Übernahme der reduzierenden Sichtweise auf sich selbst kommt, und zum Schluss wird aufgezeigt, wie sich Selbst-Objektifizierung im Selbst-Konzept konkret äußert. Hauptergebnis der Arbeit ist die Modifikation des hierarchischen Selbst-Konzept-Modells durch Selbst-Objektifizierung, was die negativen Effekte von Objektifizierung auf basaler psychologischer Ebene bei Mädchen und Frauen sichtbar macht. Die Ergebnisse betonen außerdem die Rolle von eindimensionalen Schönheitsidealen in Zusammenhang mit Objektifizierung und beleuchten negative Effekte von aussehensbezogenen Komplimenten. Zudem wird die Verwobenheit der Objektifizierung von Frauen und Mädchen in patriarchale Strukturen aufgezeigt und die Reproduktion eines Geschlechter-Machtungleichgewichts dabei hervorgehoben. Auch die Rolle von Frauen selbst bei der Aufrechterhaltung dessen wird thematisiert. Die Arbeit soll über Objektifizierung und dessen negative Effekte aufklären und Reflexion bei Leser*innen anstoßen. Implikationen der Ergebnisse für die pädagogische bzw. psychosoziale Arbeit mit Mädchen und Frauen werden angerissen. Beides mit dem Ziel, zur Stärkung und Selbstbestimmtheit von Mädchen und Frauen beizutragen.
Supplementing Recurrent Neural Networks with Annealing to Solve Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Khandoker, Shoummo Ahsan
name: Abedin, Jawaril Munshad
name: Hibat-Allah, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Combinatorial optimization problems can be solved by heuristic algorithms such as simulated annealing (SA) which aims to find the optimal solution within a large search space through thermal fluctuations. The algorithm generates new solutions through Markov-chain Monte Carlo techniques. This sampling scheme can result in severe limitations, such as slow convergence and a tendency to stay within the same local search space at small temperatures. To overcome these shortcomings, we use the variational classical annealing (VCA) framework that combines autoregressive recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with traditional annealing to sample solutions that are uncorrelated. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of using VCA as an approach to solving real-world optimization problems. We explore VCA's performance in comparison with SA at solving three popular optimization problems: the maximum cut problem (Max-Cut), the nurse scheduling problem (NSP), and the traveling salesman problem (TSP). For all three problems, we find that VCA outperforms SA on average in the asymptotic limit by one or more orders of magnitude in terms of relative error. Interestingly, we reach large system sizes of up to $256$ cities for the TSP. We also conclude that in the best case scenario, VCA can serve as a great alternative when SA fails to find the optimal solution.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. Github code: https://github.com/RNN-VCA-CO/RNN-VCA-CO. Published version
Trapping of interacting propelled colloidal particles in inhomogeneous media
Creators: name: Magiera, Martin P.
name: Brendel, Lothar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A trapping mechanism for propelled colloidal particles based on an inhomogeneous drive is presented and studied by means of computer simulations. In experiments this method can be realized using photophoretic Janus particles driven by a light source, which shines through a shading mask and leads to an accumulation of the particles in the passive part. An equation for an accumulation parameter is derived using the effective inhomogeneous diffusion constant generated by the inhomogeneous drive. The impact of particle interaction on the trapping mechanism is studied, as well as the interplay between passivity-induced trapping and the emergent self-clustering of systems containing a high density of active particles. The combination of both effects makes the clusters more controllable for applications.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Deeply-Learned Generalized Linear Models with Missing Data
Creators: name: Lim, David K
name: Rashid, Naim U
name: Oliva, Junier B
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Learning (DL) methods have dramatically increased in popularity in recent years, with significant growth in their application to supervised learning problems in the biomedical sciences. However, the greater prevalence and complexity of missing data in modern biomedical datasets present significant challenges for DL methods. Here, we provide a formal treatment of missing data in the context of deeply learned generalized linear models, a supervised DL architecture for regression and classification problems. We propose a new architecture, \textit{dlglm}, that is one of the first to be able to flexibly account for both ignorable and non-ignorable patterns of missingness in input features and response at training time. We demonstrate through statistical simulation that our method outperforms existing approaches for supervised learning tasks in the presence of missing not at random (MNAR) missingness. We conclude with a case study of a Bank Marketing dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, in which we predict whether clients subscribed to a product based on phone survey data. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Computation of impinging droplet with soluble surfactants and dynamic contact angle
Creators: name: Ganesan, Sashikumaar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An arbitrary Lagrangian--Eulerian (ALE) finite element scheme for computations of soluble surfactant droplet impingement on a horizontal surface is presented. The numerical scheme solves the time-dependent Navier--Stokes equations for the fluid flow, scalar convection-diffusion equation for the surfactant transport in the bulk phase, and simultaneously, surface evolution equations for the surfactants on the free surface and on the liquid-solid interface. The effects of surfactants on the flow dynamics are included into the model through the surfactant-dependent surface tension and dynamic contact angle. In particular, the dynamic contact angle $(θ_d)$ of the droplet is defined in terms of the surfactant concentration at the contact line and the equilibrium contact angle $(θ_e^0)$ of the clean surface using the nonlinear equation of state for surface tension. Further, the surface forces are included in the model as the surface divergence of the surface stress tensor that allows to incorporate the Marangoni effects without calculating the surface gradient of the surfactant concentration on the free surface. In addition to a mesh convergence study and validation of the numerical results with experiments, the effects of adsorption and desorption surfactant coefficients on the flow dynamics in wetting, partially wetting and non-wetting droplets are studied in detail. It is observed that the effect of surfactants are more in wetting droplets than in the non-wetting droplets. Further, the presence of surfactants at the contact line reduces the equilibrium contact angle further when $ θ_e^0 $ is less than $90^\circ$, and increases it further when $ θ_e^0 $ is greater than $90^\circ$. The presence of surfactants has no effect on the contact angle, when $θ_e^0 =90^\circ$. The numerical study clearly demonstrates that the surfactant-dependent contact angle ...
description: 28 pages, 11 figures and 5 tables
Properties of extragalactic dust inferred from linear polarimetry of Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Patat, F.
name: Taubenberger, S.
name: Cox, N. L. J.
name: Baade, D.
name: Clocchiatti, A.
name: Hoeflich, P.
name: Maund, J. R.
name: Reilly, E.
name: Spyromilio, J.
name: Wang, L.
name: Wheeler, J. C.
name: Zelaya, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to investigate the properties of extragalactic dust and compare them to what is seen in the Galaxy; 2) to address in an independent way the problem of the anomalous extinction curves reported for reddened Type Ia Supernovae (SN) in connection to the environments in which they explode. Methods: The properties of the dust are derived from the wavelength dependence of the continuum polarization observed in four reddened Type Ia SN: 1986G, 2006X, 2008fp, and 2014J. [...] Results: All four objects are characterized by exceptionally low total-to-selective absorption ratios (R_V) and display an anomalous interstellar polarization law, characterized by very blue polarization peaks. In all cases the polarization position angle is well aligned with the local spiral structure. While SN~1986G is compatible with the most extreme cases of interstellar polarization known in the Galaxy, SN2006X, 2008fp, and 2014J show unprecedented behaviours. The observed deviations do not appear to be connected to selection effects related to the relatively large amounts of reddening characterizing the objects in the sample. Conclusions: The dust responsible for the polarization of these four SN is most likely of interstellar nature. The polarization properties can be interpreted in terms of a significantly enhanced abundance of small grains. The anomalous behaviour is apparently associated with the properties of the galactic environment in which the SN explode, rather than with the progenitor system from which they originate. For the extreme case of SN2014J, we cannot exclude the contribution of light scattered by local material; however, the observed polarization properties require an ad hoc geometrical dust distribution.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
A comprehensive map of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle
Creators: name: Acencio, Marcio Luis
name: Mazein, Alexander
name: Borlinghaus, Hanna
name: Czauderna, Tobias
name: Schreiber, Falk
name: Ostaszewski, Marek
name: Schneider, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has so far resulted in the infection of more than 42 million people worldwide with more than one million deaths (https://covid19.who.int). Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, COVID-19 is complex and involves multiple biological pathways. To understand how COVID-19 develops, it is crucial to decipher the underlying molecular mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle since all signalling cascades that culminate in the emergence of clinical symptoms derive essentially from the events encompassing the replication cycle. Aiming to provide a comprehensive resource for assisting the COVID-19 research community in this quest, we built, in collaboration with the Reactome database and University of Edinburgh teams under the COVID-19 Disease Map project, a comprehensive map of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle containing all sequential events making up the replication cycle: virus attachment, entry, transcription, replication, assembly and release to extracellular space. Encoded in a CellDesigner’s SBML format, our SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle map currently contains 104 reactions and 105 bioentities manually collected from 18 publications. Additionally, all entities and reactions are annotated according to the standards provided by the Minimal Information Requested In the Annotation of Models (MIRIAM). While virus attachment and entry events are based solely on the biomedical literature concerning SARS-CoV-2, the other events are based mostly on the coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MHV-A49 for which more studies are available. This map shows important features of the SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. First, cell susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on multiple host entry factors, namely, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), cholesterol, heparan sulfate, the proteases cathepsin B (CTSB), cathepsin L (CTSL) and TMPRSS2, the proprotein convertase furin, and the transmembrane receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1). Second, SARS-CoV-2 can enter cells either by direct fusion of the virion and cell membranes in the presence of proteases TMPRSS2 and furin or by endocytosis in their absence. Third, SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription take place within double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) that protect intermediate double-stranded RNAs from the cell innate immunity sensors. We expect that this map, along with the other maps under the COVID-19 Disease Map project, can be both a standardised knowledge repository for the COVID-19 and coronaviruses research communities as well as a hypothesis-generating resource for new discoveries concerning the crosstalk between SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host cell signalling pathways.
Enhancements of link colorings via idempotents of quandle rings
Creators: name: Elhamdadi, Mohamed
name: Nunez, Brandon
name: Singh, Mahender
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17D99, 57M27, 16S34, 20N02

description: We show that quandle rings and their idempotents lead to proper enhancements of the well-known quandle coloring invariant of links in the 3-space. We give explicit examples to show that the new invariants are also stronger than the $\Hom$ quandle invariant when the coloring quandles are medial. We provide computer assisted computations of idempotents for all quandles of order less than six, and also determine the ones for which the set of all idempotents is itself a quandle. The data supports our conjecture about triviality of idempotents of integral quandle rings of finite latin quandles. We also determine Peirce spectra for complex quandle algebras of some small order quandles.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures