cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Paragorgia coralloides Bayer 1993
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Paragorgia
Paragorgia coralloides

description: Paragorgia coralloides Bayer, 1993
(Fig. 16)
Paragorgia coralloides Bayer 1993: 2.
Material examined. Holotype: USNM 50891, 01°54´00”S – 127°36´00”E, 602 m, 0 3 Dec 1909, (Albatross R/V), Obi Islands, Gomumu Island, Indonesia (Moluccas), Ceram Sea,
Diagnostic characters. Globular 8­radiate derived sclerites in the surface layer with some radial ornaments subdivided in non­globular lobes (Fig. 16 B–D).
Description. Colonies with slender branches down to 21 mm in diameter (Bayer 1993). Autozooid polyps in clusters. Autozooid polyp tentacles contain spindles less than 0.1 mm in length, irregularly ornate (Fig. 16 A). Surface of the cortex, including autozooid aperture, with unusually globular and hypermorphic radiates (mostly 8­radiate derived) up to 0.055 mm averaging 0.0435 mm in length (±0.003 SD, n=10) (Fig. 16 B–D). Surface radiates about 1.638 times longer than wider, averaging 0.029 mm in width (±0.002 SD, n=10). Despite radiates have some globular and larger rays, one side of radiates remains with smaller multilobular ornaments. Medulla with ornate spindles, rather short, up to 0.15 mm in length (Fig. 16 E).
Morphological variation. The number of radial ornaments of the sclerites of the surface layer, a diagnostic character, can be highly variable in number but most radiates present such a character.
Distribution. Pacific Ocean: Palau Gomumu (Obi Major) (Bayer 1993).
Species comparisons. Bayer (1993) suggested that P. coralloides radiates are indistinguishable from those from Corallium spp. Although there is a great resemblance, P. coralloides do not form asymmetrical opera­glass sclerites (e.g., Bayer 1956: Fig. 7), where typically lateral rays are enlarged. P. coralloides usually have the proximal and distal rays enlarged. Nonetheless, the tentacle sclerites somewhat resemble those from Corallium spp., which brings up a possible phylogenetic connection between Corallium and Paragorgia. See also P. tapachtli sp. nov.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Paragorgia wahine SÁNCHEZ, 2005, sp. nov.
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Paragorgia
Paragorgia wahine

description: Paragorgia wahine sp. nov.
(Figs. 30–31)
Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 3326, H­846, J247, 42 ° 47.47' S – 179 ° 59.33' W, “ Diabolical seamount ”, 890–1000m, 17 April 2001 (RV Tangaroa 0104/113, epibenthic sled).
Diagnostic characters. Slim branches up to 2 mm in diameter at the portions without autozoids. Surface sclerites highly ornate, 8­radiate, capstan­like sclerites (Fig. 31), averaging 0.07 mm and 1.7 times longer than wide, averaging 0.04 mm in width. Medulla with long, slim, highly ornate, spindles up to 0.3 mm.
Description. The holotype is a fragile and slim single branch up to 2 mm in diameter at the portions without autozoids (Fig. 30). Autozoids with gregarious tendency, with clusters up to 7 mm in diameter, but occasionally isolated on the other portions of the branch (Fig. 30). Autozooid polyps fully retracted. Autozooid polyp apertures low. Colony easily breakable, 50 mm in length (Fig. 30). Color variable between pink and red. Medulla in the terminal portion of the branch perforated by 5–7 small, circular, internal canals. Polyps with blunt, long spindles in tentacles, up to 0.1 mm in length, with radial ornate belts of multiple acute cones (Fig. 31 A–C). Surface sclerites highly ornate, 8­radiate­derived, capstan­like sclerites (Fig. 31 D–H), averaging 0.07 mm (0.004 SD, n=10). Surface sclerites 1.7 times longer than wide, averaging 0.04 mm in width (0.002 SD, n=10). Subsurface with spindle­like sclerites of intermediate form. Medulla with long, slim, highly ornate, spindles up to 0.3 mm in length (Fig. 31 I).
Morphological variation. Unfortunately, only one specimen was available for this species. It was possible to see a great deal of variability in the ornamentation of the surface and medulla sclerites.
Distribution. Known only from “Diabolical Seamount”, east of New Zealand.
Species comparisons. All the sclerites from P. wahine sp. nov. are similar to those from P. splendens. However, P. splendens surface sclerites are overall larger than P. wahine. Surface sclerites average 0.089 mm in P. splendens compared to 0.071 in P. wahine. Likewise, medullar sclerites are up to 0.5 mm in P. splendens and usually less than 0.3 mm in P. wahine. More obvious differences between the two species are in the external appearance, where P. wahine is certainly slimmer and smoother than P. splendens.
Etymology. Wahine, “bride”, “wife” or “woman” in Maori, was an inter­island ferry in New Zealand that sunk on 10 April, 1968. The species is named in remembrance of all the victims of the disaster.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Paragorgia tapachtli SÁNCHEZ, 2005, sp. nov.
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Paragorgia
Paragorgia tapachtli

description: Paragorgia tapachtli sp. nov.
(Figs. 34–35)
Material examined. Holotype: USNM 98786, 12° 44’ N – 102° 36’ W, 1950 m, (Seamount 6, Alvin DSR/V, P. Hickey), 29 October 1995, Mexico.
Diagnostic characters. Autozooid polyp tentacles with irregularly ornate spindles and rods, slightly different than in most Paragorgia spp., less than 0.1 mm in length (Fig. 35 A– B). Cortex surface, including autozooid aperture, with unusually globular and hypermorphic radiate (mostly 6­radiate derived) sclerites up to 0.047 mm.
Description. Colony branching in one plane, slender branches, slightly curved, down to 2 mm in diameter (Fig. 34). Autozooid polyps distributed uniformly with a notably conical aperture (Fig. 34). Colony bright red. Medulla perforated by 1–2 main axial canals in the terminal branches. Autozooid polyp tentacles with irregularly ornate spindles rods, slightly different to most Paragorgia spp., less than 0.1 mm in length (Fig. 35 A–B). Surface of the cortex, including autozooid apertures, with unusually globular and smooth radiate (mostly 6­radiate derived) sclerites up to 0.047 mm averaging 0.043 mm in length (±0.003 SD, n=10) (Fig. 35 C–F). Surface radiates about 1.63 times longer than wide, averaging 0.02 mm in width (±0.001 SD, n=10). Medulla with ornate spindles up to 0.3 mm in length (Fig. 35 G).
Morphological variation. Both diagnostic characters, autozooid tentacle and surface sclerites, exhibit a great deal of variation in P. tapachtli sp. nov. The globular radiates of the surface present particular individualized forms but are always smooth with little radial ornamentation.
Distribution. Off Mexico, eastern Pacific Ocean, 1950 m.
Species comparisons. No other Paragorgia species has such highly derived characters as P. tapachtli, though they are similar in P. coralloides but not as exaggeratedly globular and rounded.
Etymology. Tapachtli is the word used for ‘coral’ in Nahuatl tongue, an indigenous language from Mexico, the country close to the place where this species was discovered.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Sibogagorgia Stiasny 1937
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Sibogagorgia

description: Genus Sibogagorgia Stiasny, 1937
Diagnostic characters. Paragorgiidae with scleritic medulla without large penetrating canals, but with the main solenia around the subsurface/outer medulla (boundary canals) as a reticulate network (see details in Verseveldt, 1942). The network of canals can be observed under the light microscope as a regularly reticulate and uniform mesh just beneath the surface. Polyps without tentacular sclerites. Autozooid polyps uniform to randomly distributed along the branches.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Sibogagorgia weberi Stiasny 1937
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Sibogagorgia
Sibogagorgia weberi

description: Sibogagorgia weberi Stiasny, 1937
(Fig. 42)
Sibogagorgia weberi Stiasny 1937: 80; Verseveldt 1942: 175. Not Suberia koellikeri: Nutting 1911: 13.
Material examined. Holotype: ZMA Coel 0 3282 (Amsterdam), H­849, NIWA 3330, fragment, Siboga expedition st. 297, 10° 39’S – 123° 40’E, 520 m, South of Timor, Indonesia.
Diagnostic characters. Medulla sclerites smooth, barely ornate spindles exhibiting most ornamentation at tips (Fig. 42 F).
Description. Branching colonies probably larger than 200 mm in height, according to Stiasny’s photographs (1937: plate IV). Terminal branches 3–7.5 mm in diameter (Stiasny 1937). White to beige cortex. All sclerites colourless. Surface of the cortex with radiate sclerites (mostly 8­radiates) with star­like sub­radial ornamentation (Fig. 42 A–E). Surface sclerites up to 0.07 mm long averaging 0.064 (0.007 SD, n=10) (Fig. 42 A–D). Surface radiates about 1.64 times longer than wider, averaging 0.039 mm in width (0.003 SD, n=10). Other intermediate forms between radiate and spindle present in the boundary layer (Fig. 42 E). Medulla with smooth, barely ornate (most of ornamentation at tips) straight spindles usually less than 0.3 mm in length (Fig. 42 F).
Morphological variation. The holotype specimen, the only known record of the species, presents slightly different types of sclerites at both the cortex and medulla. The subradiate ornaments vary from somewhat acute star­like tips (e.g., Fig. 42 A–B) to smooth and blunt (Fig. 42 C–D). Medulla spindles are progressively less ornate towards the inner medulla.
Distribution. Only known for the type locality south of Timor, Indonesia, 520 m.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on pages 60-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Cochylini Guenee 1845
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae

description: Cochylini (Euliina)
As currently defined, Cochylini is comprised of two subtribes, a monophyletic Cochylina and a paraphyletic Euliina (Regier et al. 2012), each with over 1000 described species (Gilligan et al. 2018). With the exception of a single Holarctic genus (i.e., Eulia Hübner [1825]), Euliina is restricted to the New World tropics, with about 23 species in 11 genera ranging north into North America. Hosts for the group were reviewed by Brown and Passoa (1998) and encompass numerous plant families. Although the paucity of data for most genera inhibits conclusions regarding host specificity, species of Proeulia Clarke, 1962, an economically important pest genus in Chile and Argentina, feed on a wide range of plant families (Gonzalez 1990, 2003; Brown and Passoa 1998), and Apolychrosis Amsel, 1962 are restricted to Pinaceae (Pogue 1986). During the study in Ecuador, 19 species in six genera of Euliina were reared, and the recorded hosts represent the first documented records for all but one of the genera.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Lypothora Razowski 1981
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Lypothora

description: Lypothora Razowski, 1981
Food plants were formerly unreported for this small Neotropical genus of three species. In Ecuador, two specimens of Lypothora roseochraon Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010 were reared, one from Piper maranyonense Trel. and the other from P. hispidum Sw. (Piperaceae).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Paragorgia stephencairnsi SÁNCHEZ, 2005, sp. nov.
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Paragorgia
Paragorgia stephencairnsi

description: Paragorgia stephencairnsi sp. nov.
(Figs. 39–41)
Material Examined. Holotype: USNM 57982, 350 m, col. N. McDaniel, exact locality unknown, off British Columbia, Canada.
Paratype: USNM 94437, 490 m, Alvin DSR/V (Dive 2296), 16 October 1990, 32 ° 26’00”N – 127 ° 47’36”W, California, USA.
Diagnostic characters. Colonies with flattened branches. Surface sclerites mostly 7­ radiates (occasionally 8­radiates) with long (> 0.01 mm) lobulated, smooth rays (Fig. 40 D–G, 41B–D), averaging 0.065 mm in length. Medullar sclerites highly ornate, forked, irregular, spindles usually less than 0.3 mm in length (e.g., Fig. 40 H).
Description. Robust flattened branches, white cortex and pink to purple autozooid apertures. Numerous conical, semi­closed, autozooid polyp apertures uniformly/randomly distributed throughout the branches (Fig. 39). Tiny siphonozooid apertures tightly closed, not observable to the naked eye. Medulla in the terminal branches with 6–7 major canals. Autozooid polyp tentacles with blunt ovals up to 0.1 mm long, regularly ornate with notable conical rays (Fig. 40 A–B) though different overall form in the paratype (Fig. 41 A).
Surface sclerites mostly 7­radiates, and occasionally 8­radiates, with long (> 0.01 mm) lobulated, smooth rays (Fig. 40 D–G, 41B–D), averaging 0.065mm in length (0.005 SD, n=10). Oval surface sclerites about 1.45 times longer than wider, averaging 0.045 mm in width (0.005 SD, n=10). Medulla with highly ornate, forked, and irregular, spindles usually less than 0.3 mm in length (Figs. 40 H).
Morphological variation. Two characters exhibited a great deal of variation between the holotype and paratype: the form of autozooid ovals and the medullar sclerites, the most variable character in Paragorgia spp. The medulla sclerites of the holotype of P. stephencairnsi sp. nov. have a great array of forked and bent forms. Since both examined specimens present the same kind of surface sclerites, which is the prevailing diagnostic character in most Paragorgia spp., they can be considered as the same species until further specimens are available.
Distribution. Pacific Ocean, off British Columbia, Canada, 350– 490 m.
Species comparisons. Externally, P. stephencairnsi sp. nov. is similar to P. yutlinux, but the two can be differentiated using sclerite form. P. yutlinux has mostly 6­radiates and P. stephencairnsi 7­radiates.
Etymology: This species is named in honour of Dr. Stephen Cairns, one of the most prolific coral taxonomists.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Sibogagorgia tautahi SÁNCHEZ, 2005, sp. nov.
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Sibogagorgia
Sibogagorgia tautahi

description: Sibogagorgia tautahi sp. nov.
(Fig. 43)
Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 3327, H­847, J107, Z11229, 30° 1.891’S – 178° 48.061’W, “Giggenbach seamount”, 872–1086 m, 23 April 2002, (RV Tangaroa 0205/73, epibenthic sled).
Diagnostic characters. Sclerites from the medulla thick, blunt, short, mostly smooth, straight spindles that are ornate only at the tips, reaching usually less than 0.25 mm in length (Fig. 43 F).
Description. Holotype is a small (defectively preserved) colony (<40 mm long), 5 mm diameter with 18 mm of base (Fig. 43 G). Cortex pale brown. All sclerites colourless. Surface cortex with radiate sclerites (mostly 8­radiates) with star­like sub­radial ornamentation (Fig. 43 A–D). Surface sclerites up to 0.09 mm long averaging 0.08 (0.007 SD, n=10). Surface radiates about 1.7 times longer than wide, averaging 0.047 mm in width (0.004 SD, n=10). Other intermediate forms in the boundary layer include irregularly enlarged radial ornamentation (Fig. 43 E). Medulla with thick, blunt, short, mostly smooth, straight spindles, ornate only at tips, usually less than 0.25 mm in length (Fig. 43 F).
Morphological variation. As in S. weberi, medullar spindles in S. tautahi sp. nov. are progressively less ornate towards the inner medulla, achieving higher variation at the boundary layer (e.g., Fig. 43 E). Some of the medullar sclerites are also quite robust and fatter than others (Fig. 43 F).
Distribution. Only know from the Kermadec volcanoes seamount ridge, off the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 872–1086 m.
Species comparisons. S. tautahi sp. nov. has larger radiates than S. weberi, although overall they are very similar, but those of S. tautahi are more profusely ornate (sub­radial ornamentation). The diagnostic medullar spindles are shorter than those of S. weberi.
Etymology: The word tautahi means “solitary” in Maori and alludes to the sole small specimen of this species.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on page 62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Sibogagorgia dennisgordoni SÁNCHEZ, 2005, sp. nov.
Creators: name: JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Paragorgiidae
Sibogagorgia
Sibogagorgia dennisgordoni

description: Sibogagorgia dennisgordoni sp. nov.
(Figs. 44–46)
Material examined. Holotype: NIWA 3328, H­848, J237, Z8882, 37°01’S – 176°43.1’E, “Jasons Hill”, 976–1129 m, August 1997 (col. J. Wills, FV Margret Phillipa 1024, bottom trawl).
Paratype: NIWA 3329, P­1405, J246, Z9228, 36° 41.7S –176° 27.6E, western Bay of Plenty slope, 820 m, 17 August 1998 (col. J. Wills, FV Margret Phillipa 1124/70, bottom trawl).
Diagnostic characters. Cortex surface sclerites mostly 6­ and 8­radiates with grooved and irregular sub­radial ornamentation (Figs. 45 A–C, 46A–C). Medulla sclerites slim, long, bare, straight spindles, with club like tips, up to 0.4 mm in length (Figs. 45 E, 46E).
Description. Branched colonies up to 41 cm in height (holotype), terminal branches 5–8 mm in diameter (Fig. 44). Cortex white to pale yellow. All sclerites colourless. Surface cortex with radiate sclerites (mostly 6­ and 8­radiates) with grooved and irregular sub­radial ornamentation (Figs. 45 A–C, 46A–C). Surface sclerites up to 0.077 mm long averaging between 0.06–0.07 (0.004 SD, n=10, NIWA 3328; 0.005 SD, n=10, NIWA 3329). Surface radiates between 1.4–1.5 times longer than wider, averaging 0.04 mm in width (0.003 SD, n=10, NIWA 3328; 0.002 SD, n=10, NIWA 3329). Other intermediate forms between radiate and spindle present in the boundary layer (Figs. 45 –46 D). Medulla with slim, long, bare, straight spindles, with club like tips, up to 0.4 mm in length (Fig. 45– 46 F).
Morphological variation. The irregular nature of the ornamentation of the surface radiates makes this character very variable. Nonetheless, all the characters are consistent in the two available specimens.
Distribution. Only known from the volcanic Kermadec Ridge, NE of the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 820–1129 m.
Species comparisons. The diagnostic surface radiates of S. dennisgordoni sp. nov. are so derived compared to those in other Sibogagorgia species that they more resemble those of some Paragorgia species. The other Sibogagorgia species do not have 6­radiate forms. Medullar sclerites, the other diagnostic character, are also quite modified, being more slen­ der than in the other species. According to this character, S. dennisgordoni is closely related to S. tautahi because both species have bare spindles with only ornaments at the sclerite tip but S. tautahi has shorter and fatter forms.
Etymology: The species is named in honour of Dr. Dennis Gordon, who has made outstanding contributions to marine diversity and who introduced me to the fascinating octocoral fauna of New Zealand.
description: Published as part of JUAN ARMANDO SÁNCHEZ, 2005, Systematics of the bubblegum corals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia: Paragorgiidae) with description of new species from New Zealand and the Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-72 in Zootaxa 1014 on pages 64-67, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.169657
Orthocomotis Dognin 1905
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Orthocomotis

description: Orthocomotis Dognin, 1905
Orthocomotis is comprised of 65 described species of large, brightly colored tortricids, distributed from Mexico to Argentina, including the Caribbean (i.e., Dominican Republic). The vast majority of documented host plants come from the work of Janzen and Hallwachs (2009), who provide nearly 100 records of adults reared from larvae collected in Area de Conservación in northwestern Costa Rica. Orthocomotis nitida Clarke, 1956 has been reared from the leaves of Nectandra martinicensis Mez, N. hihua (Ruiz and Pav.) Rohwer, N. umbrosa (Kunth) Mez, Ocotea insularis (Meisn.) Mez, O. atirrensis Mez and Donn. Sm., O. cernua (Nees) Mez, O. floribunda (Sw.) Mez, O. puberula (Rich.) Nees, O. tenera Mez and Donn. Sm., O. whitei Woodson, Persea americana Mill., P. schiedeana Nees, and Licaria brenesii W. Burger (all Lauraceae), with single records from Cupania juglandifolia A. Rich. (Sapindaceae) and Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp. (Fabaceae). Orthocomotis herbaria (Busck, 1920) has been reared only from Nectandra hihua (Ruiz and Pav.) Rohwer (Lauraceae) (Brown 2003).
In Ecuador, three species of Orthocomotis were reared: O. marmorobrunnea Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2006 on Nectandra sp. (Lauraceae) (n = 1); O. parandina Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010 on Chusquea scandens Kunth (Poaceae) (n = 1), Ilex yurumanguinis Cuatrec. (Aquifoliaceae) (n = 1), Nectandra cissiflora (Lauraceae) (n = 1), and an unidentified host (n = 1); and O. yanayacu Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010, described from the reared material from Yanayacu, on Ocotea sp. 3 (Lauraceae) (n = 1) and Nectandra cissiflora (Lauraceae) (n = 1).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Paraptila Meyrick 1912
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Paraptila

description: Paraptila Meyrick, 1912
Paraptila includes eight described species distributed from Mexico to Bolivia (Brown 1991, 2005), with most of the species recorded from Central America. Host plants were previously unknown for the genus. During the survey in Ecuador, two species of Paraptila were reared: Paraptila equadora Brown, 1991 from Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) (n = 1) and Paraptila nr. argocosma Meyrick, 1912 from Piper kelleyi Tepe et al. (Piperaceae) (n = 1).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Polyorthini , Janzen and Hallwachs 2009
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae

description: Polyorthini
Based on a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of Tortricidae, Regier et al. (2012) found Polyorthini to be the most basal lineage, sister-group to the remainder of the family. According to Horak (1998), the tribe has two centers of distribution (the Neotropical and Oriental-Australian regions) that are linked by related genera in South America and Australia, but the tribe also includes two highly divergent genera restricted to the Palearctic. Horak (1998) reports that “Rearing records are scarce and feeding modes diverse, including leaf-rolling and boring.”
There are several records of the polyorthine genus Lopharcha Diakonoff, 1941 feeding on Cinnamomum Schaeff. (Meyrick 1918; Fletcher 1921; Diakonoff 1974; Liu and Kawabe 1993; Devasahayam and Abulla Koya 1993) and Litsea Lam. (Dugdale 1966; Sam et al. 2017) (both Lauraceae), and of the genus Polylopha Lower, 1901 on various Lauraceae and Annonaceae (e.g., Fletcher 1921; Diakonoff 1974, 1982) from the Old World. For New World Polyorthini, Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) have reared numerous undetermined and/or undescribed species of Histura Razowski, 1981 and Ardeutica Meyrick, 1913 on Nectrandra and Ocotea (Lauraceae). Whereas most of these records probably refer to external-feeding larvae, two seed-feeding Histura have been reported, one on Persea (Lauraceae) in Guatemala (Brown and Hoddle 2010) and one on Beilschmiedia pendula (Lauraceae) in Panama (Brown 2019a).
In contrast to these Lauraceae-feeding genera, Pseudatteria volcanica (Butler, 1872), a brightly colored, diurnal moth, and Polythora viridescens (Meyrick, 1912) have been reared from at least three species of Mollinedia Ruiz & Pav. (Monimiaceae) in Costa Rica and Brazil (Becker 1970; Janzen and Hallwachs 2009), and Biclonuncaria Razowski and Becker, 1993 has been reared from Fabaceae (Razowski and Becker 1993; Janzen and Hallwachs 2009). In Europe, Olindia Guenée, 1845 has been reared from Ranunculaceae, Saxifragaceae, and Euphorbiaceae (Disque 1908; Bradley et al. 1973), and Isotrias Meyrick, 1895 from Rosaceae (Bradley et al. 1973). During the Ecuador survey one species of Polyorthini was encountered.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Inape Razowski 1988
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Inape

description: Inape Razowski, 1988
Inape includes 49 described species distributed in the mid- to high elevations of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (Gilligan et al. 2018). Larval food plants for the genus were previously unknown. Eleven species of Inape were reared at Yanayacu: I. iantha (Meyrick, 1912) from Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) (n = 1); I. sororia Razowski and Pelz, 2006 from Lupinus pubescens (Benth.) (Fabaceae) (n = 1); Inape nr. celypha Razowski and Pelz, 2006 from an unknown host (n = 1); Inape nr. cinnamobrunnea Razowski and Pelz, 2006 from an undetermined Euphorbiaceae (n = 1); Inape sp. 1 (undetermined) from Verbesina lloensis Hieron. (Asteraceae) (n = 1); Inape sp. 2 (undetermined) from Psammisia sodiroi Hoerold (Ericaceae) (n = 1) and Psammisia sp. (n = 1); Inape sp. 3 (undetermined) from Nectandra cissiflora Nees (Lauraceae) (n = 1); Inape sp. 4 (undetermined) from Psammisia sodiroi (Ericaceae) (n = 1); Inape sp. 5 (undetermined) from Burmeistera sp. (Campanulaceae); Inape sp. 6 (undetermined) from an undetermined Rubiaceae (n = 1); and Inape sp. 7 (undetermined) from Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) (n = 1).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Runtunia Razowski and Wojtusiak 2008
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Runtunia

description: Runtunia Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2008
Runtunia is a poorly known monotypic genus that includes R. runtunica Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2008, described from a single male from Ecuador. A single specimen of this species was identified by Razowski and Wojtusiak (2010) from the Ecuador survey, and it was reared from Siparuna lepidota Siparuna lepidota (Kunth) A. DC. (Siparunaceae).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Xoser Razowski and Pelz 2003
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Xoser

description: Xoser Razowski and Pelz, 2003
Xoser includes two species restricted to Ecuador. Xoser astonyx Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010, was described from Yanayacu, where it was reared once from an unidentified Asteraceae.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Transtillaspis Razowski 1987
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Transtillaspis

description: Transtillaspis Razowski, 1987
Transtillaspis is diverse in the Neotropics, with 66 described species ranging from Colombia and Venezuela to Peru, Ecuador, and Brazil (Gilligan et al. 2018). Host plants were previously unknown for the genus. In Ecuador, T. multicornuta Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2008 was reared from three different hosts: unidentified Rubiaceae (n = 1), unidentified Asteraceae (n = 1), and an unidentified plant (n = 1).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Archipini Pierce & Metcalfe 1922
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae

description: Archipini
Archipini are a large tribe (over 1,200 described species) with a worldwide distribution, but perhaps with its lowest species richness in the Neotropics. Most species are polyphagous leaf-rollers, although there are numerous exceptions. The tribe includes some of the most economically important tortricids on the planet, such as the spruce budworms (Choristoneura spp.), red-banded leaf-roller (Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker, 1863)), light-brown apple moth (Epiphyas postvittana (Walker, 1863)), greater tea tortrix (Homona coffearia (Nietner, 1861)), and many others. During the survey in Ecuador, a single Archipini was reared.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Argyrotaenia Stephens 1852
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Argyrotaenia

description: Argyrotaenia Stephens, 1852
Although numerous species of Argyrotaenia have been reared, and from a broad range of host families, hosts for most neotropical Argyroteania are unknown. Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) provide host records for several undetermined and/or undescribed species (about 10) from Costa Rica. A species identified by Razowski and Wojtusiak (2010) as Argyrotaenia nr. artocopa (Meyrick, 1932) was reared from Tibouchina lepidota (Bonpl.) Baillon (Melastomataceae) (n = 2) and Miconia dielsii Markgr. (Melastomataceae) (n = 1) in Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Anacrusis Zeller 1877
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Anacrusis

description: Anacrusis Zeller, 1877
The following species of Anacrusis were reared during the study in Ecuador: A. erioheir Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2006 from Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) (n = 1), Solanum anisophyllum Van Heurck and Müll. Arg. (Solanaceae) (n = 1), and Alnus acuminata Kunth (Betulaceae) (n = 1); A. guttula Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2009 from an unidentified Begoniaceae (n = 1) and an unidentified plant (n = 1); A. ruptimacula Dognin, 1904, with the most host records of any tortricid from Yanayacu, from Piper baezanum C. DC. (Piperaceae) (n = 1), Piper cf. brevispicum C. DC. (Piperaceae) (n = 1), Wercklea sp. (Malvaceae) (n = 1), Cavendishia sp. (Ericaceae) (n = 1), Columnea sp. (Gesneriaceae) (n = 1), Boehmeria sp. (Urticaceae) (n = 1), Anthurium sp. (Araceae) (n = 1), and Palicourea calophlebia Standl. (Rubiaceae) (n = 1); A. subruptimacula Razowski and Becker, 2011 from Liabum kingii H. Rob. (Asteraceae); and A. yanayacana Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010 from an unidentified plant (n = 1), Burmeistera sp. (Campanulaceae) (n = 1), and Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) (n = 1). Together these hosts encompass 12 plant families, consistent with previous data that species of Anacrusis are polyphagous.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Atteriini
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Atteriini
Atteriini are among the smallest tortricid tribes in regards to species richness (about 100 species) and the largest in regards to size; i.e., the tribe includes the largest New World tortricids. The tribe is restricted to the Neotropical region with a single species ranging into southern Arizona (Powell and Brown 2012). Although diverse and occasionally abundant, species of Atteriini are probably the least known tortricids in regards to larval hosts and biologies. Females of nearly all Atteriini have dense patches of conspicuous, modified scales on the venter of abdominal segments 6–8. In a brief note, Powell (1976) described the oviposition behavior of Templemania Busck, 1940 in which the female uses the scales to build rows or “fences” around the egg patch. This combined morphological and behavioral character complex provides the most convincing evidence for the monophyly of Atteriini.
Brown et al. (2014) provided the first published host records for the tribe, documenting nearly 100 hosts in 31 plant families for four species of Anacrusis Zeller, 1877 from Costa Rica. Kenji Nishida reared an undetermined species of Tinacrusis Powell, 1986 from Trichilia havanensis Jacq. (Meliaceae) in Costa Rica (vouchers in USNM); and an undetermined species of Archipimima Powell, 1986 was reared from Diospyros kaki L.f. (Ebenaceae) in Brazil (voucher in USNM). It is likely that all species of Atteriini are polyphagous; several have been reared on artificial diet in the laboratory by Jerry Powell (personal communication) from eggs deposited by field-collected females. In Ecuador, five species of Anacrusis and ten species of Sisurcana Powell, 1986 were reared.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Amorbia Clemens 1860
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Amorbia

description: Amorbia Clemens, 1860
Amorbia was revised by Phillips-Rodriguez and Powell (2007), who included 29 species in their treatment. They presented host records for 11 of the species, and in cases where one than one rearing was involved, polyphagy seems to be the norm, with a total of 27 plant families documented as hosts for one or more species of Amorbia. The continued efforts of Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) in Costa Rica have added many new hosts but revealed no conspicuous patterns other than polyphagy. During the study in Ecuador, two species of Amorbia were reared.
Amorbia cacao Phillips and Powell, 2007, described from specimens from Costa Rica and Guatemala, was reported from Yanayacu by Razowski and Wojtusiak (2010). In Costa Rica, this species has been reared from Asteraceae, Clusiaceae, Fabaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae, and Sabiaceae (Phillips-Rodriguez and Powell 2007). In Ecuador it was reared once from Rubus sp. (Rosaceae).
Amorbia colubrana Phillips and Powell, 2007 was reported from Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, above about 2000 m elevation (Phillips-Rodriguez and Powell 2007). No larval hosts were previously known. In Ecuador it was reared once from Pilea sp. (Urticaceae).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Sisurcana Powell 1986
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Sisurcana

description: Sisurcana Powell, 1986
Eleven species of Sisurcana were reared during the study in Ecuador, making this the most speciesrich tortricid genus reared at Yanayacu. Sisurcana bifurcana Razowski and Pelz, 2007 was reared from Psammisia sodiroi (Ericaceae) (n = 1). Sisurcana cirrhochroma Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010 was reared from Rubus sp. (Rosaceae) (n = 2). Sisurcana citrochyta (Meyrick, 1926) was reared from an undetermined Araceae (n = 1) and Anthurium sp. (Arecaceae) (n = 1). Sisurcana fasciana Razowski and Pelz, 2007 was reared from Piper baezanum (Piperaceae) (n = 1), Anthurium sp. (Araceae) (n = 1), Palicourea sp. (Rubiaceae) (n = 1), and Siparuna lepidota (Kunth) A. DC. (Siparunaceae) (n = 1). Sisurcana polychondra Razowski and Becker, 2004 was reared once from Anthurium sp. (Araceae). Sisurcana sanguinoventer Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010 was reared from Euphorbia laurifolia Juss. ex Lam. (Euphorbiaceae) (n = 1), Baccharis latifolia (Ruiz and Pav.) Pers. (Asteraceae) (n = 1), and Psammisia sodiroi (Ericaceae) (n = 1). Sisurcana topina Razowski and Pelz, 2004 was reared from an unidentified plant (n = 1), Erato polymnioides DC. (Asteraceae) (n = 1), Piper sp. (Piperaceae) (n = 1), Piper baezanum (Piperaceae) (n = 1), and Ochroma sp. (Malvaceae) (n = 1). Sisurcana umbellifera (Meyrick, 1926) was reared once from Chusquea scandens (Poaceae). Two closely related (based on facies and female genitalia) but undetermined species (i.e., Sisurcana sp. 1 and Sisurcana sp. 2) were reared, each from a single unknown host; and Sisurcana sp. 3 (undetermined) from Solanum sp. (Solanaceae).
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Sparganothini
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae

description: Sparganothini
With about 250 described species, Sparganothini are nearly restricted to the New World, with only a handful of species that occur in the Palearctic (Powell and Brown 2012). The group has been the subject of considerable recent systematic work with nearly half of the known fauna described since 2005. With exceedingly few exceptions, species of Sparganothini are polyphagous, and although considerable biological information is available for several Nearctic species, owing their pest status, host plant data for Neotropical species were scarce until the work of Janzen and Hallwachs (2009). In Costa Rica, hosts are known for about 40 species, with the data confirming previous concepts of polyphagy for all but Sparganocosma Brown, 2013 (Brown et al. 2013) and Paramorbia Powell and Lambert, 1986.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Paramorbia Powell and Lambert 1986
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Paramorbia

description: Paramorbia Powell and Lambert, 1986
Paramorbia includes five described species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Bolivia; in addition, there are several undescribed species in collections worldwide. Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) provide host plant data for two undescribed species from Costa Rica. They have reared about 127 specimens of Paramorbia, and with the exception of single records from Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, and Sapotaceae, the remaining (i.e., 97%) are from fern families (Brown 2019b).
Paramorbia hermosa (Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2010) was described from a series of specimens from Yanayacu, all of which were reared from ferns: Evodianthus funifer (Cyclanthaceae) (n = 1), Diplazium costale var robustum (Athyriaceae) (n = 2), an undetermined species of Athyriaceae (n = 1), and an undetermined plant species (n = 1). This species was described in the genus Sparganothina and subsequently transferred to Paramorbia by Brown (2019b) based on morphology, hosts, and MT-COI gene sequences.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Olethreutini Walsingham 1895
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Olethreutini

description: Olethreutini
Olethreutini are a large tribe (over 1,200 described species) with a worldwide distribution. In a multi-gene molecular analysis by Regier et al. (2012), Bactrini and Endotheniini, formerly considered distinct tribes (Horak 1998), were found to be deeply embedded within Olethreutini and hence, those two tribes were synonymized with the latter.
Most species of Olethreutini are leaf-rollers in dicotyledonous plants; about half are food-plant specialists and half polyphagous. In addition to leaf-rolling, there are a number of seed and fruit feeders and a few stem-borers. During the survey in Ecuador, a single representative of the tribe Olethreutini was reared from leaves.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915
Episimus Walsingham 1892
Creators: name: Brown, John W.
name: Dyer, Lee A.
name: Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago
name: Salcido, Danielle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Episimus

description: Episimus Walsingham, 1892
Episimus includes 67 described species in the New World, ranging from the U.S. south to Chile and Argentina, plus two species from the Afrotropical Region (Gilligan et al. 2018). Hosts are recorded for about a dozen species (Brown et al. 2008), and those with more than a single host record appear to be polyphagous. For example, the widespread North American species E. argutanus (Clemens, 1860) has been reared from Anacardiaceae, Asteraceae, Betulaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Ericaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Rosaceae, and Ulmaceae.
Three specimens of Episimus brunneomarginatus Razowski and Wojtusiak, 2006 were reared in Ecuador, one from Clusia sp. (Clusiaceae), one from an unidentified Moraceae, and one from an unknown host. A second species of Episimus (undetermined) also was reared from an unknown host.
description: Published as part of Brown, John W., Dyer, Lee A., Villamarín-Cortez, Santiago & Salcido, Danielle, 2019, New larval host records for Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) from an Ecuadorian Andean cloud forest, pp. 1-12 in Insecta Mundi 720 (720) on page 8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3674915