cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the link between BRAFV600E and metabolism in colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Whelan, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: CRC is the third most common cancer worldwide and is responsible for 8% of all cancer deaths. 60-80% of CRCs arise through a well-understood adenoma-carcinoma sequence characterised by APC mutations and upregulated Wnt signalling, whereas 15-30% arise through an alternative, less characterized “serrated” pathway often harbouring BRAFV600E mutations, with distinct clinical and morphological features and worse prognosis. Treatment options are limited, necessitating development of new therapeutic and preventative strategies. Genetically engineered mouse models have been developed to study BRAFV600E-mutant CRCs. However, in this context BrafV600E proved to be a poor oncogene, with few lesions developing after long latency. Most studies analysed the short-term impact of BrafV600E activation; instead, our objectives were to examine histological and transcriptomic features of intestinal tissue expressing BrafV600E for up to 6 months, for comparison with short-term BrafV600E induction (3 days) and with human data. We hypothesised that this approach could identify previously uncharacterised changes to be exploited in prevention and/or therapy. We show that long-term BrafV600E expression triggers hyperplasia and decreases gut barrier integrity. The number, distribution, and transcriptional signatures of differentiated epithelial cells were also affected without major changes to intestinal stem cells. Transcriptional analysis showed BrafV600E increased proliferation and Wnt signalling signatures, whereas inflammatory signatures were downregulated. Cholesterol homeostasis increased after BrafV600E expression, which was also reflected in human serrated adenomas. However, inflammatory pathways showed an opposite trend and were upregulated in adenomas. This suggests lack of inflammation limits tumour development in mutant mice, and that metabolic reprogramming sustains BRAFV600E CRCs. Indeed, in vivo inhibition of cholesterol synthesis using statins reduced crypt hyperplasia, suggesting cholesterol metabolism could be targeted to prevent serrated neoplasia. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the effects of BrafV600E expression on the intestinal epithelium, unmasking transcriptional reprogramming and highlighting pathways to be exploited for preventative or therapeutic interventions.
Origami-inspired soft twisting actuator
Creators: name: Li, Diancheng
name: Fan, Dongliang
name: Zhu, Renjie
name: Lei, Qiaozhi
name: Liao, Yuxuan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Pan, Yang
name: Wang, Zheng
name: Wu, Yang
name: Liu, Sicong
name: Wang, Hongqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Soft actuators have shown great advantages in compliance and morphology matched for manipulation of delicate objects and inspection in a confined space. There is an unmet need for a soft actuator that can provide torsional motion to e.g. enlarge working space and increase degrees of freedom. Towards this goal, we present origami-inspired soft pneumatic actuators (OSPAs) made from silicone. The prototype can output a rotation of more than one revolution (up to 435°), more significant than its counterparts. Its rotation ratio (=rotation angle/ aspect ratio) is more than 136°, about twice the largest one in other literature. We describe the design and fabrication method, build the analytical model and simulation model, and analyze and optimize the parameters. Finally, we demonstrate the potentially extensive utility of the OSPAs through their integration into a gripper capable of simultaneously grasping and lifting fragile or flat objects, a versatile robot arm capable of picking and placing items at the right angle with the twisting actuators, and a soft snake robot capable of changing attitude and directions by torsion of the twisting actuators.
description: 9 figures. Soft Robotics (2022)
2D Slice-driven Physics-based 3D Motion Estimation Framework for Pancreatic Radiotherapy
Creators: name: Hara, Yuki
name: Kadoya, Noriyuki
name: Mitsume, Naoto
name: Ienaga, Naoto
name: Umezawa, Rei
name: Jingu, Keiichi
name: Kuroda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pancreatic diseases are difficult to treat with high doses of radiation, as they often present both periodic and aperiodic deformations. Nevertheless, we expect that these difficulties can be overcome, and treatment results may be improved with the practical use of a device that can capture 2D slices of organs during irradiation. However, since only a few 2D slices can be taken, the 3D motion needs to be estimated from partially observed information. In this study, we propose a physics-based framework for estimating the 3D motion of organs, regardless of periodicity, from motion information obtained by 2D slices in one or more directions and a regression model that estimates the accuracy of the proposed framework to select the optimal slice. Using information obtained by slice-to-slice registration and setting the surrounding organs as boundaries, the framework drives the physical models for estimating 3D motion. The R2 score of the proposed regression model was greater than 0.9, and the RMSE was 0.357 mm. The mean errors were 5.11 $\pm$ 1.09 mm using an axial slice and 2.13 $\pm$ 0.598 mm using concurrent axial, sagittal, and coronal slices. Our results suggest that the proposed framework is comparable to volume-to-volume registration, and is feasible.
Symbolic Dynamics of Odd Discontinuous Bimodal Maps
Creators: name: Oliveira, Henrique M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37B10, 37B40

description: Iterations of odd piecewise continuous maps with two discontinuities, i.e., symmetric discontinuous bimodal maps, are studied. Symbolic dynamics is introduced. The tools of kneading theory are used to study the homology of the discrete dynamical systems generated by the iterations of that type of maps. When there is a Markov matrix, the spectral radius of this matrix is the inverse of the least root of the kneading determinant.
description: 16 pages
Vaccine formulations in clinical development for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Creators: name: Ainslie, Kristy M.
name: Batty, Cole J.
name: Bachelder, Eric M.
name: Heise, Mark T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented effort toward the development of an effective and safe vaccine. Aided by extensive research efforts into characterizing and developing countermeasures towards prior coronavirus epidemics, as well as recent developments of diverse vaccine platform technologies, hundreds of vaccine candidates using dozens of delivery vehicles and routes have been proposed and evaluated preclinically. A high demand coupled with massive effort from researchers has led to the advancement of at least 31 candidate vaccines in clinical trials, many using platforms that have never before been approved for use in humans. This review will address the approach and requirements for a successful vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the background of the myriad of vaccine platforms currently in clinical trials for COVID-19 prevention, and a summary of the present results of those trials. It concludes with a perspective on formulation problems which remain to be addressed in COVID-19 vaccine development and antigens or adjuvants which may be worth further investigation.
Schwarzschild black hole perturbed by a force-free magnetic field
Creators: name: Sheikhahmadi, Haidar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We envisage a black hole perturbed by a force-free magnetic field (FFMF) outside and attempt to determine its structure. We suppose the metric that describes this black hole is of the static spherical type, that is Schwarzschild, and the energy-momentum tensor emanating from an FFMF source perturbs this background metric, in this regard one can imagine a magnetic accretion disk around the black hole. By solving the equations for such a configuration, we will show that in addition to modifying the diagonal elements of the background metric, we will also see the non-zeroing of the off-diagonal elements of the general metric, one of the immediate consequences of which will be a static to stationary transition. "Space-time tells matter how to move; matter tells space-time how to curve" -- John Archibald Wheeler
description: 12 Pages; Based on published version
AN ANALYSIS OF CODE SWITCHING EVENTS IN TYPICALLY DEVELOPING SPANISH-ENGLISH BILINGUAL CHILDREN
Creators: name: Guevara, Sandra Stephanie
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Speech therapy
subject: Bilingual education
subject: Behavioral sciences
subject: bilingual
subject: bilingualism
subject: code-switching
subject: disfluencies
subject: language
subject: speech-language pathology

description: Code-switching (CS) patterns were investigated in language samples of 14 typically-developing Spanish-English bilingual preschool-aged children. CS occurred primarily when the children spoke in Spanish. We investigated code-switched events, vocabulary measures, and disfluencies to better understand if children utilize code-switching to fill in lexical gaps in Spanish, as measured by disfluencies surrounding the code-switch. Results indicate that children’s spoken vocabulary diversity is not related to code-switching frequency, although their receptive vocabulary skills are negatively correlated to proportions of code-switched events. We also found no significant relationship between code-switched events and disfluencies across participants. Findings suggest clinical implications related to best practice for speech-language pathologists when working with bilingual children, as they observe language attrition, and code-switching related to language proficiency and dominance.
Demonstration of fault-tolerant universal quantum gate operations
Creators: name: Postler, Lukas
name: Heußen, Sascha
name: Pogorelov, Ivan
name: Rispler, Manuel
name: Feldker, Thomas
name: Meth, Michael
name: Marciniak, Christian D.
name: Stricker, Roman
name: Ringbauer, Martin
name: Blatt, Rainer
name: Schindler, Philipp
name: Müller, Markus
name: Monz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computers can be protected from noise by encoding the logical quantum information redundantly into multiple qubits using error correcting codes. When manipulating the logical quantum states, it is imperative that errors caused by imperfect operations do not spread uncontrollably through the quantum register. This requires that all operations on the quantum register obey a fault-tolerant circuit design which, in general, increases the complexity of the implementation. Here, we demonstrate a fault-tolerant universal set of gates on two logical qubits in a trapped-ion quantum computer. In particular, we make use of the recently introduced paradigm of flag fault tolerance, where the absence or presence of dangerous errors is heralded by usage of few ancillary 'flag' qubits. We perform a logical two-qubit CNOT-gate between two instances of the seven qubit color code, and we also fault-tolerantly prepare a logical magic state. We then realize a fault-tolerant logical T-gate by injecting the magic state via teleportation from one logical qubit onto the other. We observe the hallmark feature of fault tolerance, a superior performance compared to a non-fault-tolerant implementation. In combination with recently demonstrated repeated quantum error correction cycles these results open the door to error-corrected universal quantum computation.
description: v3 with updated acknowledgements, 14 pages, 7 figures
title: Evaluation de l'acceptabilité d'une intervention visant à familiariser les personnes âgées à l'utilisation des transports publics lausannois
title: Evaluation de l'acceptabilité d'une intervention visant à familiariser les personnes âgées à l'utilisation des transports publics lausannois
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Fragnière, Elisa
name: Schmid De Gruneck, Sophie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Intervention ludique
subject: Personnes âgées
subject: Utilisation des transports publics
subject: Acceptabilité
subject: Sentiment d'efficacité personnelle

description: Ce travail de recherche évalue une intervention développée dans un travail de Bachelor de 2017 visant à familiariser les personnes âgées à l'utilisation des transports publics à Lausanne, en se concentrant sur des aspects tels que l'acceptabilité et le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle. L'intervention se présente sous la forme d'un jeu de piste ludique, conçu pour améliorer la compréhension et l'attitude des participants à l'égard des transports publics. Les objectifs spécifiques incluent l'évaluation de l'acceptabilité de l'intervention par les participants et l'analyse de l'impact de cette dernière sur leur sentiment d'efficacité personnelle concernant l'utilisation des transports publics. L'étude recueille à la fois des données qualitatives et quantitatives. L'analyse qualitative est basée sur une approche d'analyse de contenu thématique, permettant de comprendre la perception et la satisfaction des participants. L'analyse quantitative compare les résultats pré- et post-intervention pour évaluer les changements dans le sentiment d'efficacité personnelle. L'intervention a montré une satisfaction générale élevée parmi les participants, bien que leur acceptabilité varie en fonction de leurs valeurs personnelles et de leurs habitudes de vie. Elle a également révélé des variations dans l'attitude affective des participants, influencée par leurs perceptions individuelles des transports publics et leur engagement personnel. L'aspect ludique de l'intervention a renforcé la motivation des participants, bien que des défis subsistent quant à l'application des compétences acquises dans des situations nouvelles. Des limites ont été identifiées, notamment une augmentation non significative du sentiment d'efficacité personnelle chez les participants. Les recommandations pour améliorer l'intervention incluent une personnalisation accrue, un accompagnement dès le domicile des participants ainsi que l'intégration d'outils comme l'entretien motivationnel pour favoriser une transition de mobilité plus fluide vers l'utilisation des transports publics. En conclusion, cette étude met en lumière l'importance de concevoir des interventions adaptées aux besoins individuels des personnes âgées pour promouvoir leur autonomie et leur intégration sociale. Des efforts supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour développer des programmes de mobilité efficaces qui répondent aux besoins et aux capacités des utilisateurs, tout en favorisant un changement durable des comportements de déplacement. [Résumé des auteures].
FCMpy: A Python Module for Constructing and Analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps
Creators: name: Mkhitaryan, Samvel
name: Giabbanelli, Philippe J.
name: Wozniak, Maciej K.
name: Napoles, Gonzalo
name: de Vries, Nanne K.
name: Crutzen, Rik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: FCMpy is an open source package in Python for building and analyzing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps. More specifically, the package allows 1) deriving fuzzy causal weights from qualitative data, 2) simulating the system behavior, 3) applying machine learning algorithms (e.g., Nonlinear Hebbian Learning, Active Hebbian Learning, Genetic Algorithms and Deterministic Learning) to adjust the FCM causal weight matrix and to solve classification problems, and 4) implementing scenario analysis by simulating hypothetical interventions (i.e., analyzing what-if scenarios).
description: 22 pages, 9 Figures
TLR9- and CD40-Targeting Vaccination Promotes Human B Cell Maturation and IgG Induction via pDC-Dependent Mechanisms in Humanized Mice
Creators: name: Ting, J.P.Y.
name: Levy, Y.
name: Li, G.
name: Li, F.
name: Su, L.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Yasui, F.
name: Zurawski, G.
name: Pellegry, C.M.
name: Zurawski, S.M.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2021

description: Mice reconstituted with a human immune system (humanized mice) provide a robust model to study human immunology, vaccinology, and human infectious diseases. However, the development and function of B cells in humanized mice is impaired. B cells from humanized mice are immature and are impaired in IgM to IgG isotype switch in response to infection or vaccination. In the present study we report that Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG-B combined with CD40-targeting vaccination triggered human B cell immunoglobin class-switch from IgM+ to IgG+ B cells in humanized mice. Human B cells from mice vaccinated with CpG-B as adjuvant were more mature in phenotype and produced significant levels of both total IgG and antigen-specific IgG. We found that CpG-B treatment activated human pDCs (plasmacytoid dendritic cells) in vivo to induce interferon-alpha (IFN-α)expression in humanized mice. Pre-depletion of human pDC in vivo abrogated the adjuvant effect of CpG-B. Our results indicate that TLR9 and CD40-targeting vaccination triggers human B cell maturation and immunoglobulin class-switch in a pDC-dependent manner in humanized mice. The findings also shed light on induction of human IgG antibodies in humanized mouse models.
Decay properties and asymptotic behaviors for a wave equation with general strong damping
Creators: name: Chen, Wenhui
name: Ikehata, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for a wave equation with general strong damping $-μ(|D|)Δu_t$ motivated by [Tao, Anal. PDE (2009)] and [Ebert-Girardi-Reissig, Math. Ann. (2020)]. By employing energy methods in the Fourier space and WKB analysis, we derive decay estimates for solutions under a large class of $μ(|D|)$. In particularly, a threshold $\lim\nolimits_{|ξ|\to\infty}μ(|ξ|)=\infty$ is discovered for the regularity-loss phenomenon, where $μ(|ξ|)$ denotes the symbol of $μ(|D|)$. Furthermore, we investigate different asymptotic profiles of solution with additionally $L^1$ initial data, where some refined estimates in the sense of enhanced decay rate and reduced regularity are found. The derived results almost cover the known results with sufficiently small loss.
NLRP1 variant M1184V decreases inflammasome activation in the context of DPP9 inhibition and asthma severity
Creators: name: Moecking, J.
name: Masters, S.L.
name: Harapas, C.R.
name: Eng, C.
name: Davidson, S.
name: Laohamonthonkul, P.
name: Hu, D.
name: Hansbro, P.M.
name: Horvat, J.C.
name: Chalker, K.
name: O'Donoghue, R.J.J.
name: Huntsman, S.
name: Ting, J.P.
name: Burchard, E.G.
name: White, M.J.
name: Hrovat-Schaale, K.
name: Geyer, M.
name: Gerlic, M.
name: Yu, C.-H.
name: Calleja, D.J.
Publisher: name: Mosby Inc.
Year: 2021

description: Background: NLRP1 is an innate immune sensor that can form cytoplasmic inflammasome complexes. Polymorphisms in NLRP1 are linked to asthma; however, there is currently no functional or mechanistic explanation for this. Objective: We sought to clarify the role of NLRP1 in asthma pathogenesis. Methods: Results from the GALA II cohort study were used to identify a link between NLRP1 and asthma in Mexican Americans. In vitro and in vivo models for NLRP1 activation were applied to investigate the role of this inflammasome in asthma at the molecular level. Results: We document the association of an NLRP1 haplotype with asthma for which the single nucleotide polymorphism rs11651270 (M1184V) individually is the most significant. Surprisingly, M1184V increases NLRP1 activation in the context of N-terminal destabilization, but decreases NLRP1 activation on dipeptidyl peptidase 9 inhibition. In vitro studies demonstrate that M1184V increases binding to dipeptidyl peptidase 9, which can account for its inhibitory role in this context. In addition, in vivo data from a mouse model of airway inflammation reveal a protective role for NLRP1 inflammasome activation reducing eosinophilia in this setting. Conclusions: Linking our in vitro and in vivo results, we found that the NLRP1 variant M1184V reduces inflammasome activation in the context of dipeptidyl peptidase 9 inhibition and could thereby increase asthma severity. Our studies may have implications for the treatment of asthma in patients carrying this variant of NLRP1.
The Effects of Model Scaling on Sediment Transport in Brownout
Creators: name: Glucksman-Glaser, Mark Samuel
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Aerospace engineering
subject: Brownout
subject: Scaling
subject: Sediment
subject: Similarity Parameters
subject: Unsteady
subject: Vortex

description: The phenomenon of “brownout” is characterized by a large cloud of sediment or dust that is formed around a rotorcraft when it takes off or lands in arid or dusty environments. To further understand the physics of brownout, a laboratory-scale rotor hovering in water was tested over a ground plane covered with a mobile sediment bed. The sensitivity of the dual-phase flow environment to changes in the values of the similarity parameters that potentially govern the fluid dynamics of the rotor flow and the transport of sediment was explored. First, dye flow visualization was performed to study the general evolution of the rotor flow and its interaction with the ground plane. Then, dual-phase flow visualization was used to expose the details of the processes that mobilize and uplift loose particles from the sediment bed. It was shown using the flow visualization that the trailed vortices from the rotor blades were a primary contributor to the mobilization and suspension of sediment. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was also used to obtain quantitative measurements of the flow velocities found in the rotor wake and near the ground plane. It is then discussed as to why the steady flow assumptions used in the usual definitions of the classical similarity parameters governing sediment transport are not as applicable to the dual-phase flows produced by a rotor operating over a mobile sediment bed. A Buckingham-π analysis was performed to determine a set of new similarity parameters that potentially better reflect the dual-phase flow characteristics relevant to sediment mobilization and suspension by a rotor wake, including the characteristics of the tip vortices. Sixteen new similarity parameters were initially determined, five of which selected as having particular relevance. Specifically, these new similarity parameters were: 1. The mobile inertia ratio; 2. The stationary inertia ratio, 3. The terminal-swirl velocity ratio; 4. The threshold-swirl velocity ratio; 5. The terminal/threshold-swirl velocity ratio. The values of these similarity parameters were determined using the PIV measurements, and were all found to correlate to the quantity of sediment mobilized and uplifted by the rotor. The terminal/threshold-swirl velocity ratio is proposed as the potentially most important similarity parameter for further characterizing the brownout phenomenon.
Spatially Continuous Non-Contact Cold Sensation Presentation Based on Low-Temperature Airflows
Creators: name: Makino, Koyo
name: Xu, Jiayi
name: Kaneko, Akiko
name: Ienaga, Naoto
name: Kuroda, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Our perception of cold enriches our understanding of the world and allows us to interact with it. Therefore, the presentation of cold sensations will be beneficial in improving the sense of immersion and presence in virtual reality and the metaverse. This study proposed a novel method for spatially continuous cold sensation presentation based on low-temperature airflows. We defined the shortest distance between two airflows perceived as different cold stimuli as a local cold stimulus group discrimination threshold (LCSGDT). By setting the distance between airflows within the LCSGDT, spatially continuous cold sensations can be achieved with an optimal number of cold airflows. We hypothesized that the LCSGDTs are related to the heat-transfer capability of airflows and developed a model to relate them. We investigated the LCSGDTs at a flow rate of 25 L/min and presentation distances ranging from 10 to 50 mm. The results showed that under these conditions, the LCSGDTs are 131.4 $\pm$ 1.9 mm, and the heat-transfer capacity of the airflow corresponding to these LCSGDTs is an almost constant value, that is, 0.92.
description: 7 pages
Exploring compact binary populations with the Einstein Telescope
Creators: name: Singh, Neha
name: Bulik, Tomasz
name: Belczynski, Krzysztof
name: Askar, Abbas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Einstein Telescope (ET), a wide-band, future third generation gravitational wave detector, is expected to have detection rates of $\sim 10^5 - 10^6$ binary black hole (BBH) detections and $\sim 7 \times 10^4$ binary neutron star (BNS) detections in one year. The coalescence of compact binaries with a total mass of 20 - 100 $M_{\odot}$, typical of BH-BH or BH-NS binaries, will be visible up to redshift $z\approx 20$ and even higher, thus facilitating the understanding of the dark era of the Universe preceding the birth of the first stars. The ET will therefore be a crucial instrument for population studies. We analysed the compact binaries originating in stars from (i) Population (Pop) I+II, (ii) Pop III, and (iii) globular clusters (GCs), with the single ET instrument, using the ET-D design sensitivity for the analysis. We estimated the constraints on the chirp mass, redshift, and merger rate as function of redshift for these classes of compact object binaries. We conclude that the ET as a single instrument is capable of detecting and distinguishing different compact binary populations separated in chirp mass - redshift space. While compact binaries originating in stars from Pop III are clearly distinguishable, owing to the separation in chirp mass - redshift space, the other two populations, Pop I+II, and GCs, can be distinguished with just 500 detections, corresponding to an observation time of $\sim 1$ hr. The mass distribution characteristics of such different compact binary populations can also be estimated with the single ET instrument.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cationic double K-hole pre-edge states of CS2 and SF6
Creators: name: Feifel, R.
name: Eland, J.H.D.
name: Carniato, S.
name: Selles, P.
name: Püttner, R.
name: Koulentianos, D.
name: Marchenko, T.
name: Journel, L.
name: Guillemin, R.
name: Goldsztejn, G.
name: Travnikova, O.
name: Ismail, I.
name: Miranda, B. Cunha De
name: Lago, A.F.
name: Céolin, D.
name: Lablanquie, P.
name: Penent, F.
name: Piancastelli, M.N.
name: Simon, M.
Publisher: name: London : Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: conjugate
subject: X ray
subject: X ray absorption spectroscopy
subject: 500
subject: 600

description: Recent advances in X-ray instrumentation have made it possible to measure the spectra of an essentially unexplored class of electronic states associated with double inner-shell vacancies. Using the technique of single electron spectroscopy, spectra of states in CS2 and SF6 with a double hole in the K-shell and one electron exited to a normally unoccupied orbital have been obtained. The spectra are interpreted with the aid of a high-level theoretical model giving excellent agreement with the experiment. The results shed new light on the important distinction between direct and conjugate shake-up in a molecular context. In particular, systematic similarities and differences between pre-edge states near single core holes investigated in X-ray absorption spectra and the corresponding states near double core holes studied here are brought out.
Thermal properties of the leading hemisphere of Callisto inferred from ALMA observations
Creators: name: Camarca, Maria
name: de Kleer, Katherine
name: Butler, Bryan
name: Akins, Alex B.
name: Thelen, Alexander
name: de Pater, Imke
name: Gurwell, Mark A.
name: Moullet, Arielle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a thermal observation of Callisto's leading hemisphere obtained using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 0.87 mm (343 GHz). The angular resolution achieved for this observation was $\sim$$0.16^{\prime\prime}$, which for Callisto at the time of this observation ($D\sim 1.05^{\prime\prime}$) was equivalent to $\sim$6 elements across the surface. Our disk-integrated brightness temperature of 116 $\pm$ 5 K (8.03 $\pm$ 0.40 Jy) is consistent with prior disk-integrated observations. Global surface properties were derived from the observation using a thermophysical model (de Kleer et al. 2021) constrained by spacecraft data. We find that models parameterized by two thermal inertia components more accurately fit the data than single thermal inertia models. Our best-fit global parameters adopt a lower thermal inertia of 15-50 $\text{J}\:\text{m}^{-2}\:\text{K}^{-1}\:\text{s}^{-1/2}$ and a higher thermal inertia component of 1200-2000 $\text{J}\:\text{m}^{-2}\:\text{K}^{-1}\:\text{s}^{-1/2}$, with retrieved millimeter emissivities of 0.89-0.91. We identify several thermally anomalous regions, including spots $\sim$3 K colder than model predictions co-located with the Valhalla impact basin and a complex of craters in the southern hemisphere; this indicates the presence of materials possessing either a higher thermal inertia or a lower emissivity. A warm region confined to the mid-latitudes in these leading hemisphere data may be indicative of regolith property changes due to exogenic sculpting.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
EFFECT OF LIPID-PROTEIN INTERACTIONS ON THE CONDUCTANCE OF THE TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN ALPHA HEMOLYSIN USING MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS
Creators: name: Tammareddy, Tejaswi
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Thermodynamics
subject: Alpha-hemolysin
subject: lipid bilayer
subject: molecular dynamics simulations
subject: nanopore technology
subject: single-molecule sensing
subject: transmembrane protein

description: Alpha-hemolysin (aHL) is a transmembrane ion-conducting channel which finds application in single molecule sensing using nanopore technology. Biomolecules are allowed to pass through the pore of the protein and, as a result, there is a change in the ion current, which is monitored to quantify single-molecule sensing. However, it has been established that the change in current is also affected by the lipid membrane in which the protein is present. It is also known that cholesterol has a concentration-dependent reduction in the current through the pore, experimentally. The understanding of current reduction at a single-molecule level and theoretical models replicating these conditions are lacking. In the current thesis, molecular dynamics simulations are performed on aHL inserted into a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline (POPC) lipid bilayer with varying concentrations of cholesterol to investigate the effect on ionic current. Effect of lipid interactions, especially of cholesterol, on the protein structure and hence functioning of the ion channel is investigated
Influenza virus and sars-cov-2 vaccines
Creators: name: Sturdivant, M.S.
name: Ting, J.P.Y.
name: Sandor, A.M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Immunologists
Year: 2021

description: Seasonal influenza and the current COVID-19 pandemic represent looming global health challenges. Efficacious and safe vaccines remain the frontline tools for mitigating both influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced diseases. This review will discuss the existing strategies for influenza vaccines and how these strategies have informed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. It will also discuss new vaccine platforms and potential challenges for both viruses.
Sting agonist mitigates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by stimulating type i ifn-dependent and -independent immune-regulatory pathways
Creators: name: Markovic-Plese, S.
name: Gallovic, M.D.
name: Williams, J.
name: Johnson, B.M.
name: Uchimura, T.
name: Bachelder, E.M.
name: Ainslie, K.M.
name: Gibson, S.A.
name: Thamilarasan, M.
name: Deng, M.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Batty, C.J.
name: Tam, J.W.
name: Matsushima, G.K.
name: Chou, W.-C.
Publisher: name: American Association of Immunologists
Year: 2021

description: The cGAS-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP)-stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway induces a powerful type I IFN (IFN-I) response and is a prime candidate for augmenting immunity in cancer immunotherapy and vaccines. IFN-I also has immuneregulatory functions manifested in several autoimmune diseases and is a first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, it is only moderately effective and can induce adverse effects and neutralizing Abs in recipients. Targeting cGAMP in autoimmunity is unexplored and represents a challenge because of the intracellular location of its receptor, STING. We used microparticle (MP)-encapsulated cGAMP to increase cellular delivery, achieve dose sparing, and reduce potential toxicity. In the C57BL/6 experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, cGAMP encapsulated in MPs (cGAMP MPs) administered therapeutically protected mice from EAE in a STING-dependent fashion, whereas soluble cGAMP was ineffective. Protection was also observed in a relapsing-remitting model. Importantly, cGAMP MPs protected against EAE at the peak of disease and were more effective than rIFN-b. Mechanistically, cGAMP MPs showed both IFN-I-dependent and -independent immunosuppressive effects. Furthermore, it induced the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-27 without requiring IFN-I. This augmented IL-10 expression through activated ERK and CREB. IL-27 and subsequent IL-10 were the most important cytokines to mitigate autoreactivity. Critically, cGAMP MPs promoted IFN-I as well as the immunoregulatory cytokines IL-27 and IL-10 in PBMCs from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Collectively, this study reveals a previously unappreciated immune-regulatory effect of cGAMP that can be harnessed to restrain T cell autoreactivity.
The influence of a transport process on the epidemic threshold
Creators: name: Kuehn, Christian
name: Mölter, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D30, 37N25, 60J28

description: By generating transient encounters between individuals beyond their immediate social environment, transport can have a profound impact on the spreading of an epidemic. In this work, we consider epidemic dynamics in the presence of the transport process that gives rise to a multiplex network model. In addition to a static layer, the (multiplex) epidemic network consists of a second dynamic layer in which any two individuals are connected for the time they occupy the same site during a random walk they perform on a separate transport network. We develop a mean-field description of the stochastic network model and study the influence the transport process has on the epidemic threshold. We show that any transport process generally lowers the epidemic threshold because of the additional connections it generates. In contrast, considering also random walks of fractional order that in some sense are a more realistic model of human mobility, we find that these non-local transport dynamics raise the epidemic threshold in comparison to a classical local random walk. We also test our model on a realistic transport network (the Munich U-Bahn network), and carefully compare mean-field solutions with stochastic trajectories in a range of scenarios.
description: Version as to appear in the Journal of Mathematical Biology with revised figures
Transforming city level sanitation provision: learning from piloting latrine pit emptying and transport services in Malindi, Kenya, and Livingstone, Zambia
Creators: name: Grisaffi, C.
name: Oluoch, P.
name: Hamuchenje, E. M.
name: Hawkes, L.
name: Phiri, J.
name: Salano, G.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90509 Water Resources Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: A conference contribution for the 1st Water-WISER Early Career Researcher Conference, Transdisciplinary Global Perspectives on Water and Waste Services, held at Loughborough University 21 - 23 June 2022.
Complete plasmon spectrum of two-stream system
Creators: name: Deja, Katarzyna
name: Mrowczynski, Stanislaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complete spectrum of plasmons of the two interpenetrating plasma streams is found in a closed analytic form. The orientation of the wave vector with respect to the stream direction is arbitrary and the plasmas, which are assumed to be collisionless and spatially homogeneous, can be nonrelativistic, relativistic or even ultrarelativistic. Our results apply to the electromagnetic plasma of electrons and passive ions and to the quark-gluon plasma governed by QCD.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, minor corrections
Quasi-point versus point nodes in $Sr_2RuO_4$, the case of a flat tight binding $γ$ sheet
Creators: name: Contreras, P.
name: Osorio, Dianela
name: Tsuchiya, Shunji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a numerical study of the unitary regime as a function of disorder concentration in the imaginary part of the elastic scattering cross-section for the compound $Sr_2RuO_4$ in the flat band non-disperse limit. By using a self-consistent tight-binding (TB) method, we find a couple of families of Wigner probabilistic functions that help to explain macroscopically the distribution between Fermion dressed quasiparticles and Cooper pairs, and also the position of nodes in the order parameter for $Sr_2RuO_4$. Therefore, we are able to show that a TB model for the $γ$ sheet numerically shows 4 point nodes in a flat $γ$ sheet limit or 4 quasi-point nodes for strong dispersion $γ$ sheet limit in the reduced phase scattering space (RPS).
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 44 references
Simulation and Analysis of Energy Consumption for Two Complex and Energy intensive Buildings on UMD Campus
Creators: name: Kelly, Jason
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Energy
subject: Engineering

description: The Physical Sciences Complex and Eppley Recreational Center are multi-purpose buildings which are complex in functionality and are among the highest consumers of energy on the UMD campus. Building energy analyses used to identify energy efficiency measures to optimize energy efficiency in the buildings. Detailed building energy models were developed in EnergyPlus and OpenStudio that sought to mimic current operations of the buildings. PSC model results deviated respectively -1.05%, 1.19%, and 5.27% for electricity, steam, and chilled water. ERC model results deviated respectively 0.47%, 5.3%, and 2.2% from annual electricity, hot water, and gas. Four energy efficiency measures for the Physcial Sciences Complex provided energy model predicted energy savings of 3,757 MMBtu or 7.5% of the building’s energy consumption. Four efficiency measures were identified for the Eppley Recreation Center with energy model predicted energy savings of 3,390 MMBtu or 8.4% of the building’s energy consumption.
AIM2 in regulatory T cells restrains autoimmune diseases
Creators: name: Wang, Y.
name: Montgomery, S.A.
name: Guo, H.
name: Guo, Z.
name: Gibson, S.A.
name: Chen, X.
name: Tan, X.
name: Su, M.A.
name: Chou, W.-C.
name: Chen, L.
name: Rampanelli, E.
name: Deng, M.
name: Brickey, W.J.
name: Xie, L.
name: Zhang, G.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Wan, Y.Y.
name: Liang, K.
name: Freeman, L.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2021

description: The inflammasome initiates innate defence and inflammatory responses by activating caspase-1 and pyroptotic cell death in myeloid cells1,2. It consists of an innate immune receptor/sensor, pro-caspase-1, and a common adaptor molecule, ASC. Consistent with their pro-inflammatory function, caspase-1, ASC and the inflammasome component NLRP3 exacerbate autoimmunity during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by enhancing the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in myeloid cells3–6. Here we show that the DNA-binding inflammasome receptor AIM27–10 has a T cell-intrinsic and inflammasome-independent role in the function of T regulatory (Treg) cells. AIM2 is highly expressed by both human and mouse Treg cells, is induced by TGFβ, and its promoter is occupied by transcription factors that are associated with Treg cells such as RUNX1, ETS1, BCL11B and CREB. RNA sequencing, biochemical and metabolic analyses demonstrated that AIM2 attenuates AKT phosphorylation, mTOR and MYC signalling, and glycolysis, but promotes oxidative phosphorylation of lipids in Treg cells. Mechanistically, AIM2 interacts with the RACK1–PP2A phosphatase complex to restrain AKT phosphorylation. Lineage-tracing analysis demonstrates that AIM2 promotes the stability of Treg cells during inflammation. Although AIM2 is generally accepted as an inflammasome effector in myeloid cells, our results demonstrate a T cell-intrinsic role of AIM2 in restraining autoimmunity by reducing AKT–mTOR signalling and altering immune metabolism to enhance the stability of Treg cells.
The Hitchhiker's Guide to 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ Superconformal Field Theories
Creators: name: Akhond, Mohammad
name: Arias-Tamargo, Guillermo
name: Mininno, Alessandro
name: Sun, Hao-Yu
name: Sun, Zhengdi
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Xu, Fengjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconformal field theory with $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry in four dimensional spacetime provides a prime playground to study strongly coupled phenomena in quantum field theory. Its rigid structure ensures valuable analytic control over non-perturbative effects, yet the theory is still flexible enough to incorporate a large landscape of quantum systems. Here we aim to offer a guidebook to fundamental features of the 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories and basic tools to construct them in string/M-/F-theory. The content is based on a series of lectures at the Quantum Field Theories and Geometry School (https://sites.google.com/view/qftandgeometrysummerschool/home) in July 2020.
description: v3: Improved discussion, fixed typos, added references v2: Typos fixed and added references. v1: 96 pages. Based on a series of lectures at the Quantum Field Theories and Geometry School in July 2020
NEXT STOP GULLEN: A COSTUME DESIGN FOR FRIEDRICH DURRENMATTS “THE VISIT”
Creators: name: Vincenty, Kiana Laniece
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Design
subject: Costume
subject: Design
subject: Friedrich
subject: Play
subject: The Visit
subject: Theatre

description: In this document is a description of the process of conceiving and implementing the costume designs for the University of Maryland, College Parks production of The Visit. Our production was set sometime loosely based post-WWII in a nondescript location. Included in this process are the original concept designs and the development of those designs in conjunction with the director's vision, as well as process images including research, fitting photos and final production photos. The Visit was written by Friedrich Durrenmatt and is often produced as a tragicomedy with a thematic emphasis on utilitarianism and how money can corrupt. The Visit was produced at the University of Maryland, College Park’s School of Theatre, Dance and Performance Studies, September 28th - October 5th, 2019 under the direction of Professor Brian MacDevitt.
Multi-omics analyses reveal that HIV-1 alters CD4+ T cell immunometabolism to fuel virus replication
Creators: name: Holley-Guthrie, E.
name: Rampanelli, E.
name: Eller, L.A.
name: Chen, X.
name: Robb, M.L.
name: Su, L.
name: Margolis, D.M.
name: Sekaly, R.-P.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Guo, H.
name: Garrido, C.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Wang, L.
name: Ting, J.P.-Y.
name: Ghneim, K.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2021

description: Individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) show metabolic alterations of CD4+ T cells through unclear mechanisms with undefined consequences. We analyzed the transcriptome of CD4+ T cells from patients with HIV-1 and revealed that the elevated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway is associated with poor outcomes. Inhibition of OXPHOS by the US Food and Drug Administration–approved drug metformin, which targets mitochondrial respiratory chain complex-I, suppresses HIV-1 replication in human CD4+ T cells and humanized mice. In patients, HIV-1 peak viremia positively correlates with the expression of NLRX1, a mitochondrial innate immune receptor. Quantitative proteomics and metabolic analyses reveal that NLRX1 enhances OXPHOS and glycolysis during HIV-1-infection of CD4+ T cells to promote viral replication. At the mechanistic level, HIV infection induces the association of NLRX1 with the mitochondrial protein FASTKD5 to promote expression of mitochondrial respiratory complex components. This study uncovers the OXPHOS pathway in CD4+ T cells as a target for HIV-1 therapy.