cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimization of timetable supplement from a passenger based socio-economic point of view
Creators: name: Thorhauge, Mikkel
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2010

description: This article discusses how to optimize the timetable supplement in timetables. The focus of this article will be on railways, but the principle will in theory apply to all transportation modes within the area of public transportation. When constructing timetables it is important to plan the right amount of timetable supplement. Too little timetable supplement will result in many delays, while too high timetable supplement will result in a (too) high planned travel time which will affect every departure whether or not the train is delayed. At present timetable supplement is chosen based on experience or estimates. Through an optimization process it is possible to find the optimal timetable supplement. A way to do so is by using the passenger delay model in a socio-economic analysis as done by (Thorhauge & Piester, 2010). In this process the train delays (or a simulation of the train delays) are needed. The overall process is (if the train delays are not already known): Simulation of train delays → modeling passenger delays → estimation of the socio-economic effects A case study of an upgrade of Sydbanen between Ringsted and Rødby has been conducted using the passenger delay model and the methods are described in this article. The case study has shown that the optimum timetable supplement is between 6-9 % depending on the scenario. By optimizing the timetable supplement it is possible to achieve a surplus of 250-500 mio. DKK during the evaluation period compared to the proposed timetable by the Danish Transport Authority (Trafikstyrelsen, 2008). Note however that none of the investigated scenarios are socio-economic viable even though the timetable and timetable supplement is optimized. Note that this paper is regarded as a sequel to the article “The usability of passenger delay models in socio-economic analysis” (Thorhauge, 2010). This article is based on the results of (Thorhauge & Piester, 2010).
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 5 Nr. 1 (2010): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Mobilitet og personbefordring i landdistrikter
Creators: name: Agerholm, Niels
name: Møller, Jørgen
name: Forman, Torkil
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2010

description: Befordring i landdistrikterne er et centralt emne i disse år, hvor den kollektive transport omorganiseres og bliver efterspørgselsstyret, befolkningstallet er vigende og behovet for befordring er større end nogensinde før. Samtidigt åbner moderne kommunikationsteknologi op for nye måder at organisere befordringen på. Derfor blev befordringsbehovet undersøgt i Favrskov Kommunes landdistrikter (det åbne land og landsbysamfund med op til 1.000 indbyggere). Dataindsamlingen blev foretaget ved hjælp af en spørgeskemaundersøgelse, fokusgruppeinterviews og en ekspertkonference. Hovedresulta- terne fra undersøgelsen er, at landdistriktsbeboerne i det store hele har de samme problemer og daglige udfordringer, som flere tidligere undersøgelser fra Danmark også viser: nemlig at den kollektive transport kun opfattes som et relevant og brugbart personbefordringsmiddel af et fåtal, og det vigtigste transportmiddel er personbilen, samt at befordringsbehovet ikke opfyldes tilstrækkeligt. Endvidere vi- ser undersøgelsen, at langt hovedparten af undersøgelsens respondenter anvender moderne kommuni- kationsmidler såsom mobiltelefon og Internet, og at manglende forståelse af disse ikke er en barriere mod indførelse af mere intelligente løsninger på personbefordringen på landet i fremtiden.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 5 Nr. 1 (2010): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Variable hastighedstavler
Creators: name: Pedersen, Laura Sand
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2009

description: Variable hastighedstavler ses flere steder anvendt som et hastighedsreducerende tiltag i kryds, hvor der er blevet udpeget sorte pletter som følge af for høj hastighed. I undersøgelsen er ha- stighedsdata fra tre kryds langs rute 26, hvor Vejdirektoratet i 2008/2009 har opsat variable hastighedstavler (Vejdirektoratet 2007, 2008a, 2008b), blevet analyseret, hvorved det har væ- ret muligt at dokumentere en effekt af de variable hastighedstavler. Der er i effektundersøgelsen af variable hastighedstavler redegjort for undersøgelser fra Eng- land, Sverige og Danmark. Disse undersøgelser har vist, at der kunne opnås en reduktion i middelhastighederne på op til 15 km/t og i hastighederne ved 85 %-fraktilerne på op til 9 km/t. Undersøgelserne viste også, at det var muligt at reducere antallet af tilskadekomne som følge af de variable tavler (Winnett og Wheeler 2002, Herrstedt og la Cour Lund 2006, Lind- kvist et al. 2006, Rosenstand 2008). I analysen af de variable hastighedstavler ved de tre betragtede kryds langs rute 26 er der fore- taget en sammenligning af de målte hastigheder, før systemerne blev taget i brug med efter- perioden i situationer, hvor tavlerne er hhv. tændte eller slukkede. De variable tavler blev etableret ved krydsene inden før-data blev indsamlet, hvorved det også har været mulig at undersøge effekten af de variable hastighedstavler ved slukket og tændt tavle, både i førperio- den, hvor tavlerne var ikke var synlige for trafikanterne og i efterperioden, hvor de var synli- ge. I før-perioden har tavlerne været dækket til for trafikanterne. Analysen af de tre kryds langs rute 26 viste, at det som følge af brugen af variable hastigheds- tavler var muligt at reducere middelhastighederne med op til 9 km/t. Det var desuden muligt at reducere 85 % fraktilen med op til 12 km/t. Alle hastighedsreduktionerne var signifikante. Ved at anvende Powermodellen viste analysen også, at det var muligt at reducere antallet af tilskadekomne som følge af de variable tavler.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 4 Nr. 1 (2009): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Metode til beregning af køretider, trængsel og forsinkelser i kryds vha. GPS Data
Creators: name: Torp, Chrisitan
name: Lahrmann, Harry
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2009

description: Kortlægning af trafikafviklingen på vejnettet har traditionelt været baseret på snittællinger og krydstællinger – udført ved både manuelle og automatiske tællinger. Metodemæssigt har det givet en meget detaljeret viden om trafikken i enkeltpunkter i vejnettet, men ingen præcis viden få meter væk fra målepunktet. Med logdata fra GPS modtagere i biler er situationen omvendt: En detaljeret viden om enkelte bilers adfærd på hele vejnettet, men til gengæld kun data fra en lille stikprøve af bilerne. I denne artikel præsenteres en metode til beregning af køretider, trængsels og forsinkelse på baggrund af GPS data fra biler – de såkaldte floating car data. Metoden er implementeret og afprøves på to signalregulerede kryds i Aalborg. Hovedkonklusionen er, at den afprøvede metode kan give en god indikation for hvor og hvornår, der er trængsel i et kryds.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 4 Nr. 1 (2009): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Den regionale lufthavnstrukturen i Norge
Creators: name: Hanssen, Thor-Erik Sandberg
name: Mathisen, Terje Andreas
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: Den regionale lufthavnstrukturen i Norge ble etablert fra slutten av 1960-tallet og har vært noenlunde uendret i 40 år. I samme tidsrom har reisetiden med bil mellom byene med kortbanelufthavner blitt til dels kraftig redusert som følge av at det har blit
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Cost Benefit Analysis for safety projects at sea – Does the method give the entire picture?
Creators: name: Tørset, Trude
name: Meland, Solveig
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: The method used for CBA of safety projects at sea should be altered to include direct and indirect costs related to precautions taken to avoid risk. This is one of the conclusions from a cost benefit analysis regarding a ship tunnel at Stad, carried out in 2007. Stad is a peninsula located on the western coast of Norway. A tunnel here would give seafarers the opportunity to pass by Stad regardless of the weather conditions and ship size. The waters surrounding Stad are difficult, and this stretch of sea is one of the most feared along the entire Norwegian coast. Interviews and two open meetings gave information about how the people and companies react to the current sailing conditions. Information gathered indicates that aspects of great importance to some of the stakeholders, are not captured by the prevailing CBA method. Today, the seafarers take precautions which would not be necessary if a tunnel was built. This represents costs today and savings should the tunnel be built, and thus the savings should be included in the assessment of the tunnel. Research should be carried out to go more thoroughly into the effects, and the method to assess safety projects at sea. New assessments for sea projects should be altered to take these effects into account.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
The Potential for Regional Express Trains when Introducing High‐speed Operation
Creators: name: Landex, Alex
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2009

description: To operate faster trains it is likely that the capacity has to be improved. The improvements can be done by changing the operation, the procedures and/or the rolling stock. However, often it is necessary to improving the capacity of the railway by increasing the number of tracks, it is often discussed if the new tracks should be built along the existing railway line or a new railway line should be built. This paper examines the two possibilities regarding to a capacity perspective, increased speed, and possible changes in the route network. More trains can be operated with a homogeneous operation compared to a heterogeneous operation. However, operation with fast Intercity Express and Intercity trains, and slower regional and freight trains leads to a heterogeneous operation if the different train classes are not operated on separate tracks – alternatively the fastest trains have to be slowed down. Different railway lines for fast and slower train operation results in an approximately homogeneous operation and thus more capacity. The extra capacity can be used to operate more (regional) trains on the existing railway line, better service for long distance commuters by having skip stop services, and/or regular interval timetables. Furthermore, the new railway lines for high-speed operation can very often improve the service of the regional trains by introducing regional express trains operating on these lines.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 4 Nr. 1 (2009): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
academic teacher in the society of knowledge
Creators: name: Kobylarek, Aleksander
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Education

description: The modern society is changing deeply and rapidly in almost every area and each dimension. Some institutions have changed more rapidly and the others less or they have tried to avoid process of changing at all. Especially the total institutions should be mentioned as the organizations, which are trying to avoid the changes. The reason is very simple- the mission of such institution is to transmit the culture, tradition and patterns of behavior. In every rapidly changing society it must be some percentage of the total, slowly changing institutions. The main question is which of them could omit the process of transition or simply ignore all kind of changes.
Railway Timetabling Based on Systematic Follow-up on Realized Railway Operations
Creators: name: Schittenhelm, Bernd
name: Richter, Troels
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2009

description: This paper shows that the use of systematic follow-up on realized railway operations has potential to improve current and future timetables. After describing the present timetabling process at the main Danish Infrastructure Manager, Rail Net Denmark, it is concluded that systematic follow-up on realized railway operations is not yet a formal integrated part of the timetabling process. As Rail Net Denmark uses timetabling guidelines from the European professional organization of infrastructure managers - Rail Net Europe – the lack of systematic follow-up may very well exist elsewhere in Europe. Following the introduction, an initial theoretical approach to systematic follow-up on realized operations is described. Focus is on identifying delay patterns in regards to individual train numbers, train categories, time periods and geography or combinations hereof. Subsequently theory is put into practice. First, the current system for collecting data on operational performance is described as well as methods on how to aggregate this. Six chosen cases are examined to cover the four focus points and combinations hereof. Detailed results are shown in Appendices 1-6. The analyses prove existing ideas about delay patterns in today’s railway operations. Finally it can be concluded that the timetabling process at Rail Net Denmark has a potential for improvements by integrating systematic follow-up on realized operations in the process. By introducing closer cooperation between timetabling and operations monitoring specialists regarding systematic analyses throughout the entire timetabling process there is a potential to improve valid and future timetables.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 4 Nr. 1 (2009): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Arylazothiazole Disperse Dyes Containing Selenium for Dyeing Polyester Fibers
Creators: name: Khalifa, Mohamed E.
name: Shams H. Abdel-Hafez
name: Gobouri, Adel A.
name: Kobeasy, Mohamed I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Cell Biology

description: GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Nytte av tiltak for universell utforming i kollektivtransporten
Creators: name: Fearnley, Nils
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2009

description: Universell utforming betyr at hovedløsningen skal kunne benyttes av alle – uansett forutsetninger. For kollektivtransport gjelder det at hvert ledd i en reisekjede skal være utformet slik at kollektivtransportsystemet er tilgjengelig for alle. Denne artikkelen dokumenterer at tiltak for universell utforming i stor grad oppfattes som generell kvalitetsheving av kollektivtilbudet og i mindre grad som spesialløsninger for funksjonshemmede. Dermed kan slike tiltak vurderes på linje med andre tiltak for bedre kollektivtransport i samfunnsøkonomisk nyttekostnadsanalyser, noe som hittil ikke har vært vanlig.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 4 Nr. 1 (2009): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Beslutningsforløb for store trafikanlæg i Danmark
Creators: name: Kristiansen, Jørgen
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2009

description: De metodiske krav, der bør stilles til en samfundsmæssig vurdering og planlægning af overordnede trafikanlæg, belyses med behovet for udbygning af banenettet i Vestdanmark.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 4 Nr. 1 (2009): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Horizontal Inequalities in Transition Countries: Guidelines for Better Practice
Creators: name: Institute for Integrated Transitions
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: inequalities
horizontal inequalities
policy brief
cultural status
cultural inequalities
political inequalities
economic inequalities
social inequalities
HIs
transition
rural
urban
racial
religious
gender
ethnic groups
ideological
age
integrationist policies
society
change

description: This IFIT Policy Brief is authored by Arnim Langer.

 

Horizontal inequalities (HIs) are political, economic, social, and cultural inequalities between socially significant groups in a particular country. A wealth of evidence in the last 15 years has shown that severe HIs significantly increase the risk of political instability, but they are rarely systematically targeted during transitions. To the contrary, in most places, HIs have actually worsened – thus creating a long-term source of instability and threat of conflict. This IFIT policy brief shows how transition leaders can act to reduce this risk, resulting in a more just and fair society as well as a more economically productive one.

Successfully addressing HIs in transition countries is an inherently political process. Policymakers need to address the HIs of disadvantaged groups while minimising the chance of backlash from advantaged groups and avoiding policies that harden group identities. With this in mind, this policy brief analyses 1) key policy options for addressing HIs – including direct, indirect and integrationist approaches; 2) trade-offs between HIs and other policies; 3) how to time HI policies; and 4) how to make change politically acceptable.
The environmental car and its opposites
Creators: name: Hagmann, Olle
name: Pedersen, Martin Bae
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: In this paper we present an historical overview of two car types starting with the ECV and moving on to the city jeeps. The histories will differ because there are different actors driving them. We end with a critical discussion where we try to sum up this discourse in historical, environmental and social terms. We ask the question; Are there parallels to be drawn between the development of the SUV and the ECV? Is there anything to be learned from the history of the SUV that could help detecting inbuilt antagonisms within the ECV concept that points to future problem areas and declining sales also in this segment?
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Vendbare vognbaner – er det vejen frem?
Creators: name: Sørensen, Michael
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: Kødannelse på indfaldsvejene til de største danske byer udgør et større og større problem. For at forbedre trafikafviklingen på disse og andre veje anbefales det i Infrastrukturkommissionens betænkning ”Danmarks Transportinfrastruktur 2030” blandt andet at gennemføre forsøg med vendbare vognbaner. Høj fremkommelighed er imidlertid ikke det eneste succeskriterium for et effektivt vejnet. Det er også essentielt, at tiltaget ikke forringer trafiksikkerheden. Formålet med nærværende projekt har været at vurdere den trafiksikkerhedsmæssige effekt af vendbare vognbaner. For at undersøge dette er der gennemført et litteraturstudium, hvor alle undersøgelser af vendbare vognbaner er blevet gennemgået. Erfaringer og evalueringer er både blevet vurderet kvalitativt og sammenfattet kvantitativt ved brug af metaanalyser. Den kvalitative delundersøgelse viser, at der er forskellige erfaringer med vendbare vognbaners betydning for trafiksikkerhed. På den ene side betragtes tiltaget som trafiksikkerhedsmæssigt problematisk, idet risikoen for forveksling af kørespor øges, hastigheden øges og risikoen for alvorlige mødeuheld øges også, hvis trafikanterne skal køre på den ”forkerte” side af autoværnet. På den anden side argumenteres det for, at tiltaget ikke har negativ betydning for trafiksikkerheden, idet bedre trafikafvikling kan flytte trafik væk fra lokalvejnettet til det mere sikre motorvejsnet. Samtidig består myldretidstrafikken hovedsagelig af daglige pendlere, som hurtigt bliver kendt med brugen af det vendbare vejsystem. Den kvantitative metaanalyse af gennemførte evalueringsstudier viser, at brugen af vendbare vognbaner giver en ikke signifikant øgning i antal uheld på 4-18 %. Dette aspekt bør inddrages i vurderingen af, om vendbare vognbaner bør anlægges på køramte danske indfaldsveje for at forbedre trafikafviklingen, eller om andre løsninger er at foretrække, når trafiksikkerhed også inddrages i vurderingen.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Forskønnede centrale bygader - den sikkerhedsmæssige effekt
Creators: name: Nielsen, Peter Hvid
name: Lahrmann, Harry
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: Det er igennem en traditionel før/efter evaluering af uheldsforekomsten undersøgt, om forskønnelsen af centrale bygader har en sikkerhedsmæssig effekt. Der er ikke tidligere udarbejdet større evalueringer af denne type ombygning, hvorfor evalueringen bidrager med ny viden. Der er tale om centrale bygader, hvor vejudformningen er ændret med forskellige visuelle virkemidler som f.eks. beplantning og nye belægningsmaterialer. Evalueringen korrigerer uheldsdataene fra VIS-databasen for indflydelse fra den generelle uheldsudvikling og ændringer i trafikken. Resultatet af evalueringen er, at forskønnelserne medfører en stigning på 14 % i den samlede uheldsforekomst. Stigningen er imidlertid ikke statistisk signifikant. Der er endvidere foretaget store korrektioner af et begrænset antal uheld, hvorfor det ikke er muligt at konkludere på evalueringen. Det vurderes på baggrund heraf, at trafiksikkerheden overordnet set ikke er påvirket i positiv eller negativ retning. Derfor kan forskønnelsen af de centrale bygader ikke anbefales som en trafiksikkerhedsfremmende foranstaltning. De centrale bygader kan imidlertid stadig ombygges, når gademiljøets visuelle udtryk ønskes forbedret.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Status for funktionel integration i det østjyske bybånd
Creators: name: Nielsen, Thomas Sick
name: Harder, Henrik
name: Bro, Peter
name: Kronbak, Jacob
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: I paperet analyseres den funktionelle integration i det østjyske bybånd, baseret på kortlægninger af pendling, indkøbs- og fritidsture. For pendlingen har udviklingen over tid været beskrevet på baggrund af data fra den Registerbaserede arbejdsstyrkestatistik, med data for årene 1982, 2002 og 2007. For Indkøbs og fritidsture har det alene været muligt at beskrive status på baggrund af data fra Transportvaneundersøgelsen fra 1997 og frem. Udviklingen i pendlingen mellem 1982 og 2002 kan beskrives som en tiltagende ”deling” af arbejdskraft inden for bybåndet. Væksten i pendlingen – og dermed delingen af arbejdskraften – mellem nabobyer er fortsat mellem 2002 og 2007, mens pendling på tværs af bybåndet, mellem fjernt beliggende byer er i aftagende. Fritids- og indkøbsture kendetegnes ved mindre oplande til de større byer. En del af fritidsturene er imidlertid lange og hænger i en vis grad sammen med specialiserede tilbud knyttet til de store bysamfund. På baggrund af analyserne ser det ud til at sammenhænge mellem byerne og dermed en udvikling i retning af en funktionel polycentrisk byregion i det østjyske bybånd, i høj grad drives af pendlingen mellem hjem og arbejde, og sekundært af lange fritidsture mellem byerne.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Synthesis and biological activity of novel arylazothiazole disperse dyes containing selenium for dyeing polyester fibers
Creators: name: Khalifa, Mohamed E.
name: Shams H. Abdel-Hafez
name: Gobouri, Adel A.
name: Kobeasy, Mohamed I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: Science Policy
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Cell Biology

description:  The synthesis of novel heterocyclic aryl mono azo organic compounds, including 3-amino-4,6-dimethyl-N-(5-arylazothiazol-2-yl)selenopheno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide, 3-amino-4,6-diphenyl-N-(5-arylazothiazol-2-yl)selenopheno[2,3-b]pyridazine-2-carboxamide and 3-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(5-arylazothiazol-2-yl)selenopheno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide using a condensation reaction involving different 2-(N-chloroacetyl)-5-arylazo-thiazole derivatives with seleno derivatives of pyridine, pyridazine and/or quinolone, respectively, was undertaken. Analytical and spectroscopic data confirm the proposed structures. The novel synthesized thiazole-selenium disperse dyes were applied for dyeing polyester fabrics. Color characteristics and fastness properties were investigated. The novel synthesized compounds exhibited high efficiency based on in vitro screening of their antioxidant activity, antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell EACC cell line and antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The colored polyester fibers could be applied as sterile and/or biological active fabrics used in various life applications.
Implementing new transport solutions in existing transport models
Creators: name: Levin, Thomas
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: This paper looks at implementation of new transport solutions in existing transport models. PRT and CyberCar solutions are tested on specific transport problems in Trondheim. Implementation of new solutions, results and lessons learnt from the implementation phase are presented.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Potentiale for overflytning af korte bilture til cykel og gang
Creators: name: Christensen, Linda
name: Jensen, Thomas
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: Formålet med dette paper er at belyse mulighederne for at få en større del af de korte ture i bil afviklet til fods eller på cykel for herigennem at opnå en miljø- og sundhedsmæssig gevinst. I projektet er op- stillet en logistisk valgmodel, der anvendes til at belyse, hvilke forhold, der især har betydning for at vælge gang og cykel, og hvor meget forskellige virkemidler kan fremme gang og cykeltrafik frem for korte rejser i bil som fører. Desuden beskrives de faktorer, der har størst betydning for valg af cykel og gang henholdsvis bil på rejser på op til 22 km. Især bakker og temperatur viser sig at have betydning, ud over bilejerskabet. Af socioøkonomiske forhold har især antallet af børn betydning. Der belyses yderligere effekten af diverse virkemidler til at fremme overflytning af korte bilture til gang og cykel. Undersøgelsen viser, at virkemidler, der forbedrer cyklisters rejsehastighed og øger bilisternes tidsfor- brug og omkostninger, vil påvirke konkurrenceforholdet væsentligt. Det samlede potentiale for over- flytning vil være mellem 12 og 16 % af bilrejserne på korte rejser, svarende til 11⁄2-21⁄2 % af den sam- lede biltrafik. De sundhedsmæssige effekter vil være procentvist større med lavere dødelighed til føl- ge, fordi flere vil cykle – især på daglige ture til arbejde. Men at opnå så positive resultater vil forud- sætte en meget omfattende indsats for ændring af byernes trafikarealer.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Effects of Urban Sprawl and Vehicle Miles Traveled on Traffic Fatalities
Creators: name: Jiho Yeo
name: Sungjin Park
name: Kitae Jang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Engineering

description: Objective: Previous research suggests that urban sprawl increases auto-dependency and that excessive auto use increases the risk of traffic fatalities. This indirect effect of urban sprawl on traffic fatalities is compared to non–vehicle miles traveled (VMT)-related direct effect of sprawl on fatalities.Methods: We conducted a path analysis to examine the causal linkages among urban sprawl, VMT, traffic fatalities, income, and fuel cost. The path diagram includes 2 major linkages: the direct relationship between urban sprawl and traffic fatalities and the indirect effect on fatalities through increased VMT in sprawling urban areas. To measure the relative strength of these causal linkages, path coefficients are estimated using data collected nationally from 147 urbanized areas in the United States.Results: Through both direct and indirect paths, urban sprawl is associated with greater numbers of traffic fatalities, but the direct effect of sprawl on fatalities is more influential than the indirect effect.Conclusions: Enhancing traffic safety can be achieved by impeding urban sprawl and encouraging compact development. On the other hand, policy tools reducing VMT may be less effective than anticipated for traffic safety.
Jernbanesimuleringsværktøjer i Danmark
Creators: name: Schittenhelm, Bernd
name: Landex, Alex
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: I Danmark har der siden 1989 været anvendt nogle af de mest avancerede udenlandske jern- banesimuleringsværktøjer til større jernbaneprojekter. Lige fra den første version af det tyske program UX-SIMU til de nyeste versioner af de topmoderne programmer OpenTrack fra Schweiz og tyske RailSys. Programmerne er opbygget efter de samme principper og benytter alle den synkrone simuleringsmetode. De har hver især vist både styrker og svagheder i de projekter, hvor de er blevet anvendt. Simuleringsværktøjernes succes førte til udviklingen af den danske SCAN-model. Program- met var en kombination af en køreplansgenerator og en simulator. Ud fra spildtidsbetragtnin- ger for de enkelte køreplaner kunne modellen tydeliggøre, hvilken type af køreplansforslag, som egnede sig bedst samt om infrastrukturen var tilstrækkelig til at afvikle den ønskede jern- banetrafik. Modellen er ikke længere i brug. Alt peger på, at simuleringsværktøjer vil få en større betydning i fremtiden. Fra dansk side ønskes en videreudvikling af programmerne, som vil gøre det muligt at simulere en hel lands- køreplan med en realistisk trafikafvikling. I Banedanmark ser man endnu længere frem og arbejder hen imod en fuld integration af et simuleringsværktøj i fremtidens fjernstyringscen- traler.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Effects of urban sprawl and vehicle miles traveled on traffic fatalities
Creators: name: Jiho Yeo
name: Sungjin Park
name: Kitae Jang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Engineering

description: Objective: Previous research suggests that urban sprawl increases auto-dependency and that excessive auto use increases the risk of traffic fatalities. This indirect effect of urban sprawl on traffic fatalities is compared with the non-VMT-involved direct effect of sprawl on fatalities.Methods: We conducted a path analysis to examine the causal linkages among urban sprawl, vehicle miles traveled (VMT), traffic fatalities, income and fuel cost. The path diagram includes two major linkages: the direct relationship between urban sprawl and traffic fatalities, and the indirect effect on fatalities through increased VMT in sprawling urban areas. To measure the relative strength of these causal linkages, path coefficients are estimated using data collected nationally from 147 urbanized areas in the U.S.Results: Through both direct and indirect paths, urban sprawl is associated with higher numbers of traffic fatalities, but the direct effect of sprawl on fatalities is more influential than the indirect effect.Conclusions: Enhancing traffic safety can be achieved by impeding urban sprawl and encouraging compact development. On the other hand, policy tools reducing VMT may be less effective than anticipated for traffic safety.
Scheduling of inspectors for ticket spot checking in urban rail transportation
Creators: name: Thorlacius, Per
name: Clausen, Jens
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: A central issue for operators of passenger transportation in urban rail is balancing the income from tickets against the cost of the operation. The main part of the income except for gov- ernmental subsidies comes from sales of tickets. There are various ways to ensure that all passengers carry valid tickets, i.e. to avoid so called fare evasion. Many European companies use spot checking of passengers and among these is DSB S-tog. The current paper describes a decision support tool developed at DSB S-tog. Based on historical data regarding when penalty fares are claimed and based on the schedules of the inspectors, this tool enables the construction of new schedules for tickets inspectors, so that the income from penalty fares claimed from passengers without a valid ticket is maximised. Other tools to increase income from ticket sales and penalty fares are also discussed.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Of Needles and Haystacks: Building an Accurate Statewide Dropout Early Warning System in Wisconsin
Creators: name: Knowles, Jared
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Education

description: The state of Wisconsin has one of the highest four year graduation rates in the nation, but deep disparities among student subgroups remain. To address this the state has created the Wisconsin Dropout Early Warning System (DEWS), a predictive model of student dropout risk for students in grades six through nine. The Wisconsin DEWS is in use statewide and currently provides predictions on the likelihood of graduation for over 225,000 students. DEWS represents a novel statistical learning based approach to the challenge of assessing the risk of non-graduation for students and provides highly accurate predictions for students in the middle grades without expanding beyond mandated administrative data collections. Similar dropout early warning systems are in place in many jurisdictions across the country. Prior research has shown that in many cases the indicators used by such systems do a poor job of balancing the trade off between correct classification of likely dropouts and false-alarm (Bowers et al., 2013). Building on this work, DEWS uses the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) metric to identify the best possible set of statistical models for making predictions about individual students. This paper describes the DEWS approach and the software behind it, which leverages the open source statistical language R (R Core Team, 2013). As a result DEWS is a flexible series of software modules that can adapt to new data, new algorithms, and new outcome variables to not only predict dropout, but also impute key predictors as well. The design and implementation of each of these modules is described in detail as well as the open-source R package, EWStools, that serves as the core of DEWS (Knowles, 2014).
Identification of Timetable Attractiveness Parameters by an International Literature Review
Creators: name: Schittenhilm, Bernd
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: Timetable attractiveness is influenced by a set of key parameters which are described in this article. Regarding the superior structure of the timetable, the trend in Europe goes towards periodic regular interval timetables. Regular departures and focus on optimal transfer possi- bilities make these timetables attractive. The travel time in the timetable depends on charac- teristics of the infrastructure and rolling stock, heterogeneity of the planned train traffic and the necessary number of transfers on the passenger’s journey. Planned interdependencies be- tween trains, such as transfers and heterogeneous traffic, add complexity to the timetable. The risk of spreading initial delays to other trains and parts of the network increases with the level of timetable complexity.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Indsamling af data for rutevalg i kollektiv transport
Creators: name: Larsen, Marie K.
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2008

description: I dette paper beskrives udformningen og visse foreløbige resultater af en spørgeskema- undersøgelse til brug for bestemmelse af rutevalg i kollektiv transport. Det beskrives, hvordan undersøgelsen bygger på den eksisterende Transportvaneundersøgelse, som er tilføjet spørgs- mål vedrørende rutevalg. Undersøgelsen er udført som en internetundersøgelse blandt studerende og ansatte på Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU). Paperet beskriver nogle overordnede resultater fra undersøgelsen, hvor der fokuseres på fordeling af respondenter og valg af transportmiddel og ikke selve rutevalget i kollektiv trafik. Desuden ses på hvilke fordele og ulemper, der er ved denne form for undersøgelse. Paperet viser, at undersøgelsen ikke har fået så mange deltagere som oprindelig ønsket, men samtidig er de indsamlede resultater en indikator for, at det er muligt at medbringe rutevalg for kollektiv transport i Transportvaneundersøgelsen, uden at det betyder et stort frafald fra undersøgelsen.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 3 Nr. 1 (2008): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Biking in the Land of the Car
Creators: name: Jensen, Ole B.
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2007

description: This paper is theoretical in its attempt to articulate and theorize the notion of ‘mobility culture’. It is empirical in its choice of cases illustrating the notion of mobility culture. The paper explores three cases in the USA; The East Coast Greenway bicycle corridor and the contemporary tensions and conflicts over bikes on Manhattan, NYC. The latter case is particularly scoped in relation to the ‘critical mass’ event and the NGO ‘Transportation Alternatives’. Based upon the theoretical framing and empirical field studies conducted in the US the paper put forwards an illustration of how to comprehend urban mobility cultures and the power-ridden conflicts that arises when these clash. By looking into North American cases the paper brings a comparative dimension to the European taken- for-granted status of urban cyclists. Furthermore, the paper aims to show that there is more than urban logistics of transportation flows at stake when mobility cultures clashes. The clashes of urban mobility cultures make us see that infrastructures and urban transportation is about more that instrumental movement of people from point A to point B. What are at stake are also notions of community, social identities and culture.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 2 Nr. 1 (2007): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
DYNAMIC DIPLOMACY: A STUDY OF THE COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL'S POLICY CHANGES AND THEIR IMPACT (1923-1925)
Creators: name: Andrzej, Jan Kowalski
name: Oliver, Samuel
Publisher: name: Zap journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: Communist International
OMS
International Liaison Department
intelligence operations
international communist movement

description: The aftermath of World War I ignited the Bolsheviks' optimism that the flames of revolution would soon engulf other nations across Europe. The Communist International, established in March 1919 under the guidance of Vladimir Lenin, emerged as the epicenter of the global communist movement and a potent instrument to further this revolutionary agenda. While the Communist International's primary mission was to propagate communism and galvanize the working class in their struggle for labor rights, it also undertook more clandestine roles. Between the early post-war years and 1923, the organization maintained close collaboration with both military and political intelligence apparatuses of the Soviet state. Formally established in 1921 by a resolution passed during the Communist International Congress, the International Liaison Department (later known as OMS, or Otdel Mezhdunarodnykh Svyazi) played a pivotal role in these covert operations. Its mandate encompassed the provision of support, leadership, and financing to communist parties worldwide. This assistance extended beyond financial aid, encompassing the supply of weaponry, personnel, and technical expertise. In essence, the OMS functioned as the nerve center for intelligence activities conducted by communist parties on a global scale, acting as a convergence point for both civilian and military intelligence operations

Within the Communist International, the OMS harnessed the resources of local communist structures to gather intelligence for the Soviet state, which served as the progenitor of the international communist movement. In addition to the committed communists who consciously undertook intelligence assignments during this era, the OMS also relied on unwitting local communists to subvert their own governments. This intricate web of intelligence activities and subterfuge shaped the landscape of international communism during the interwar period.
Den norske Belønningsordningen for bedre kollektivtransport og mindre bilbruk i byområdene – hva er effekten?
Creators: name: Ruud, Alberte
name: Norheim, Bård
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2007

description: I 2004 introduserte Samferdselsdepartementet en ny incentivordning for bytransport, den såkalte belønningsordningen. Intensjonen var å stimulere til bærekraftig utvikling av bytransporten, basert på restriksjoner mot bilbruk og positive tiltak for bruk av
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 2 Nr. 1 (2007): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Of Needles and Haystacks: Building an Accurate Statewide Dropout Early Warning System in Wisconsin
Creators: name: Knowles, Jared
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Education

description: The state of Wisconsin has one of the highest four year graduation rates in the nation, but deep disparities among student subgroups remain. To address this the state has created the Wisconsin Dropout Early Warning System (DEWS), a predictive model of student dropout risk for students in grades six through nine. The Wisconsin DEWS is in use statewide and currently provides predictions on the likelihood of graduation for over 225,000 students. DEWS represents a novel statistical learning based approach to the challenge of assessing the risk of non-graduation for students and provides highly accurate predictions for students in the middle grades without expanding beyond mandated administrative data collections. Similar dropout early warning systems are in place in many jurisdictions across the country. Prior research has shown that in many cases the indicators used by such systems do a poor job of balancing the trade off between correct classification of likely dropouts and false-alarm (Bowers et al., 2013). Building on this work, DEWS uses the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) metric to identify the best possible set of statistical models for making predictions about individual students. This paper describes the DEWS approach and the software behind it, which leverages the open source statistical language R (R Core Team, 2013). As a result DEWS is a flexible series of software modules that can adapt to new data, new algorithms, and new outcome variables to not only predict dropout, but also impute key predictors as well. The design and implementation of each of these modules is described in detail as well as the open-source R package, EWStools, that serves as the core of DEWS (Knowles, 2014).
Sensitivity Analysis of Socioeconomic Values of Time for Public Transport Projects
Creators: name: Andersen, Jonas Lohmann Elkjær
name: Landex, Alex
name: Nielsen, Otto Anker
Publisher: name: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University
Year: 2007

description: The socioeconomic time benefits of two light rail projects in Copenhagen are investigated using three different sets of values of time. The first set is the one the Ministry of Transport recommends for use in socioeconomic analysis in Denmark. This set is used as a basis for comparison with the two other sets of values of time. The second set is the expected new recommended values of time with the same time values for non-business travelling. The third set is estimated from traffic modelling parameters and operates with different in-vehicle time values; the reason for this is thoroughly described and supported by examples. Traffic modelling of the two light rail projects has been performed and the results are used to generate the time benefits. The time benefits for the two light rail projects using the expected new values of time will increase by approx. 20%, compared to the result obtained by use of the values recommended by the Ministry of Transport. Differentiated in-vehicle values prove to generate an even larger increase in time benefits, but they vary depending on the projects.
description: Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University, Årg. 2 Nr. 1 (2007): Selected Proceedings from the Annual Transport Conference at Aalborg University