Teratoramularia rumicis Kushwaha, Sanjeet, Sanjay & Raghv. Singh 2021, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Verma, Sanjeet Kumar
name: Kushwaha, Prakash
name: Yadav, Sanjay
name: Singh, Raghvendra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Dothideomycetes
Capnodiales
Teratosphaeriaceae
Teratoramularia
Teratoramularia rumicis

description: Teratoramularia rumicis Kushwaha, Sanjeet, Sanjay & Raghv. Singh, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5)   
MycoBank number: MB 832277  
 Diagnosis:— Teratoramularia rumicis differs from previously reported Teratoramularia spp. due to having longer and septate conidiophores; more septate conidia, ramoconidia with more apical hila and absence of type II conidia.   
 Etymology:— Latin, rumicis derived from the name of host genus.   
 Type:— India, Madhya Pradesh, Badamalehra South Forest, Chhatarpur, 24° 41.523’ N and 79° 20.127’ E, on living leaves of Rumex crispus L. (Polygonaceae), March 2016, coll. Prakash Kushwaha, AMH 9827 (holotype), MH-DHSGU 225 (isotype). NFCCI 5008 (ex-type living culture).   
 Leaf spots amphigenous, initially circular to subcircular but later on irregular and spread on the entire leaf surface, silvery white and appear like powdery mildew. Colonies amphiphyllous, effuse, white crystal-like structure, whitish. Mycelium internal, hyphae branched, septate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled. Stromata well developed, compact, erumpent, pseudoparenchymatous, hyaline, 16−34 × 16−33 µm. Conidiophores arising in fascicles from stromata, erect to slightly curved, unbranched, smooth, hyaline, 0−2-septate, thin-walled, 4−21 × 1.5−2.0 µm. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, polyblastic, cylindrical, with slightly thickened and darkened loci, 0.7−1.0 µm diam. Conidia mostly catenate, forming ramoconidia, intercalary and terminal conidia, 0−2-septate, smooth, hyaline, thin-walled, hilum slightly thickened and darkened, 0.7−2.2 µm diam; ramoconidia subcylindrical to fusiform, 7–28 × 1–2 μm, with 2−5 apical hila; intercalary conidia subcylindrical to fusiform, sometimes curved, 13−25 × 1.5−2.5 µm, in chains of up to 7 conidia; terminal conidia obovoid to cylindrical, 4–10 × 2–2.5 μm.   
 Culture characteristics   
 Very slow growing, after one month of inoculation on PDA reached about 20 mm diam. at 25±5° C, top colour whitish and reverse dark blackish brown, subcircular, surface raised, folded, smooth and margin crenate. Hyphae branched, septate, thin-walled and smooth, 1.5‒2 μm diam. Conidiophores develop as a lateral branch of hyphae, sometime reduced to conidiogenous cells, subhyaline to very light olivaceous brown, thin-walled, 0‒2-septate, smooth, 10‒ 22 × 1.5‒2 μm diam. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, cylindrical, thin-walled, smooth, with up to 1.2 μm thickened and darkened loci. Conidia mostly catenate, forming ramoconidia, intercalary and terminal conidia, 0−2- septate, smooth, subhyaline to very light olivaceous brown, thin-walled, hilum slightly thickened and darkened, 0.7‒ 1.5 μm diam.; ramoconidia subcylindrical to fusiform, 14‒26 × 1.2‒2 μm, with 2−5 apical hila; intercalary conidia subcylindrical to fusiform, sometimes curved, 10‒22 × 1.2‒2 μm, in chains; terminal conidia cylindrical to clavate, 7‒46 × 1‒1.5 μm.   
 Pathogenicity of the isolates   
After 10 days of inoculation, leaf spots similar to that previously described in this manuscript were observed, whereas control plants remained healthy. Koch’s postulates were confirmed by the re-isolation of the same pathogen from inoculated healthy leaves after 10 days of inoculation. The morphological feature of reisolated pathogen was similar to that of inoculated one.  
 Phylogeny   
 Based on a megablast search of NCBI GenBank nucleotide database, the closest hits using ITS and LSU sequences were Teratoramularia rumicicola strain CPC 14653 (GenBank: KX287550, Identities = 814/815 (99%), gap = 1/815(0%)) and Teratoramularia rumicicola strain CPC 14654 (GenBank: KX287256, Identities = 697/707 (99%), gap = 3/707 (0%)) respectively.   
 TABLE 2. Comparative account of Teratoramularia spp.  Teratoramularia spp. infinitapersicariaerumicicolarumiciskirschneriana Conidiophores (µm) Reduced to conidiogenous Reduced to conidiogenous Reduced to conidiogenous 0−2-septate, Reduced to conidiogenous cells, cells, cells, 4−21 × 1.5−2.0 cells, 6.5–19 × 1–2 4.5–15 × 1–2 5–16.5 × 1–2 13.5–16 × 1–1.56.5–19 × 1–2 4.5–15 × 1–2 5–16.5 × 1–2 13.5–16 × 1–1.5 Septation AseptateAseptate0−1-septate0−2-septateAseptate Ramoconidia (µm) 4.5–17 × 1–2, 9.5–30 × 1.5–2.5, 8.5–23 × 1.5–2.5, 7–28 × 1–2, 7–15 × 1–2, with 2 apical hila with 2 apical hila with 2 apical hila with 2−5 apical hila with 2 apical hilawith 2 apical hila with 2 apical hila with 2 apical hila with 2−5 apical hila with 2 apical hila Intercalary conidia (µm) 5–25.5 × 1–2, 8.5–30 × 1–2.5, 6.5–20 × 1.5–2.5, 13−25 × 1.5−2.5, 6–17 × 1–2, in chains of up to 11 conidia in chains of up to 8 conidia in chains of up to 5 conidia in chains of up to 7 conidia in chains of up to 5 conidiain chains of up to 11 conidia in chains of up to 8 conidia in chains of up to 5 conidia in chains of up to 7 conidia in chains of up to 5 conidia I Type Conidia Terminal conidia (µm) 3–6 × 1–2 3–10 × 1.5–3 3–8 × 1.5–3 4–10 × 2–2.5 3.5–7 × 1–2 Type II Not observed Not observed Brown Not observed Not observed Type II Not observed Not observed Brown Not observed Not observed punctata (Cucurbitaceae) (Polygonaceae) Host Conyza canadensis Persicaria nepalensis, Rumex crispus Rumex crispus Setaria palmifolia (Poaceae) (Asteraceae), Thladiantha Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae) (Polygonaceae) Distribution Brazil, TaiwanSouth KoreaSouth KoreaIndiaTaiwan  
 TABLE 3. Species of Ramularia reported on Rumex spp. (Polygonaceae)  Ramularia spp. bulgaricadecipiensoccidentalispratensispseudodeci-pienspseudorubellarubella rumicis Superficial +–––––––secondary hyphae Conidiophores S to F, F, F, S to F, F, F, F, F, (µm) 8–50 × 2–4 12.5–40 × 2.5–4 5–60 × 1–3.5 (6–)10–60(–80) × (5–)10–30(–35) × 10–25 × 2–5 40–150 × 2–6 (10–)15–80(–130) 2–5 2–5 × 2–6 (µm) 8–50 × 2–4 12.5–40 × 2.5–4 5–60 × 1–3.5 (6–)10–60(–80) × (5–)10–30(–35) × 10–25 × 2–5 40–150 × 2–6 (10–)15–80(–130) 2–5 2–5 × 2–6 Conidiogenous loci StThStThStStStTh Catenation CCCCCNCNCNC to C cylindrical fusiform fusiform ovoid, oblong- at both ends ovoid, cylindrical- ovoid, subcylindric- cylindrical(-fusoid) subcylindric Shape Narrowly ellipsoid- Cylindrical, tapering Narrowly ellipsoid- Narrowly ellipsoid- Oblong, Ellipsoid, obovoid, ObovoidSubcylindric Size (µm) 6–45 × (1.5–)2–3.5(– 16–38 × 4–75–35 × 1–3 (6–)8–25(–35) × (10–)20–45(–55) 12–25 × 2–6(10–)15–35 × 6–12(10–)12–40(–50) × 4) (1.5–)2–4(–5) × 2–5 (3–)5–8(–10) Septation 0–2(–4)0–30–1(–2)0–3(0–)1–3AseptateAseptate, rarely0–3Conidia single septate Hila StThStThStSt St Th Hila StThStThStSt St Th  
Remark: + = Present, – = Absent, C = Catenate, F = Fasciculate, NC = Noncatenate, S = Solitary, St = Slightly or somewhat thickened and darkened, Th = Thickened or thickened and darkened.  
 The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and LSU sequences implied that all the species of Teratoramularia were well-resolved and form five major clades in Teratoramularia viz., T. infinita Videira and Crous, T. kirschneriana Videira and Crous, T. persicariae Videira et al., T. rumicicola Videira et al. and T. rumicis sp. nov. (Figs. 6 and 7). Our proposed new species, T. rumicis, was distinguished from other species by both ITS and LSU and clustered as sister lineage to the T. rumicicola clade.
description: Published as part of Verma, Sanjeet Kumar, Kushwaha, Prakash, Yadav, Sanjay & Singh, Raghvendra, 2021, Morphology and phylogeny of Teratoramularia rumicis-a new foliar pathogen of Rumex crispus from India and diversity of Ramularioid complex on Rumex spp., pp. 208-228 in Phytotaxa 523 (3) on pages 212-222, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.523.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5591406