cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monetary policy in Japan: Problems and solutions
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
name: Mishkin, Frederic S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Commerce

description: The Japanese economy has been underperforming for more than a decade. The average growth rate of real GDP over the past 12 years has been just above 1 percent, and the nominal GDP has been shrinking since 1997 due to inflation. Nominal GDP for 2003 is 4 percent below what it was in 1997. In order to stimulate the stagnant economy, the government has cut taxes and increased expenditures. As a result the government debt/GDP ratio has risen to 150 percent, an unprecedented level for an advanced country in peacetime. The CPI has been declining since 1998, while the GDP deflator has been declining since 1995. Stock prices and land prices have been declining for the decade, with the Nikkei 225 index going down in the Spring of 2003 to a low below 8,000, one-fifth of the peak at the end of 1989. There is no doubt that the economy is in deflation. Important questions about the deflation are how much deflation is due to demand factors and how much to supply factors; and whether deflation is a result of stagnant economy or a cause of the stagnation. The conduct of monetary policy by the Bank of Japan in the deflationary environment has been a source of the controversy for the last several years. Inflation or deflation is in the long-run, ultimately a monetary phenomenon. In theory, when the growth rate is below potential and the prices are dropping, monetary policy should be eased without hesitation. This paper will review theoretical and practical issues surrounding the controversy. It will argue that although a recovery of the Japanese economy appears to be underway since 2003, additional monetary policy steps to exit deflation are necessary for the Japanese economy to reach its full potential. The paper is organized as follows. The first section will raise the issues on monetary policy during the deflationary period, 1998-2003. The second section will discuss possible solutions to the deflationary environment in Japan and make recommendations for monetary policy. A final section contains concluding remarks.
A Viable Strategy for Japanese Securities Firms in the United States
Creators: name: Chapman, Max C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Commerce

description: "Over the last five years, my mission at Nomura Securities International has been to build an American securities company as part of a Japanese company. Within that mission I have had two principle goals: first, to build a profitable company; and second, to create a company that can help and be part of the global organization which is Nomura Securities Company."
Reducing decoherence in optical and spin transitions in rare-earth-ion doped materials
Creators: name: McAuslan, D. L.
name: Bartholomew, J. G.
name: Sellars, M. J.
name: Longdell, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many important situations the dominant dephasing mechanism in cryogenic rare-earth-ion doped systems is due to magnetic field fluctuations from spins in the host crystal. Operating at a magnetic field where a transition has a zero first-order-Zeeman (ZEFOZ) shift can greatly reduce this dephasing. Here we identify the location of transitions with zero first-order Zeeman shift for optical transitions in Pr3+:YAG and for spin transitions in Er3+:Y2SiO5. The long coherence times that ZEFOZ would enable would make Pr3+:YAG a strong candidate for achieving the strong coupling regime of cavity QED, and would be an important step forward in creating long-lived telecommunications wavelength quantum memories in Er3+:Y2SiO5. This work relies mostly on published spin Hamiltonian parameters but Raman heterodyne spectroscopy was performed on Pr3+:YAG to measure the parameters for the excited state.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
The Impact of Performance Incentives on Providing Job Training to the Poor: The Job Traning Partnership Act (JTPA)
Creators: name: Cragg, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Labor economics

description: The Job Training Partnership Act (JCPA) uses performance incentives to encourage more efficient provision of services. The incentive mechanism adopted potentially suffers from information problems. Performance standards imperfectly reflect policy goals explicitly stated in terms of changes in employment and earnings. Existing standards measure levels of employment and earnings following training. Therefore, they may induce subcontractors to become more effective teachers or training providers may take advantage of the moral hazard problem associated with not using value-added measures by substituting harder-to-train clients with those more easily placed in high-wage jobs (cream-skimming). This study exploits state level variation in JTPA incentives to examine how training providers respond to the JTPA incentive system. Using a random sample drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, the study proceeds in three steps. First, I model the probability that an individual is enrolled in a JTPA training program and find that higher incentives encourage enrollment of individuals with more work experience. This may reflect service providers targeting services to individuals for whom the value added is largest or it may arise from the moral hazard problem. Therefore, I analyze whether value added is higher for more experienced enrollees and whether stronger incentives lead to higher value added. I find support for the existence of moral hazard. However, holding all else equal, stronger incentives increase value added. The study provides strong evidence that non-random selection of participants by administrators is a statistically important effect and adds empirical content to the literature on the use of incentive contracts to resolve principal agent problems.
Onset of Localization in Heterogeneous Interfacial Failure
Creators: name: Stormo, Arne
name: Gjerden, Knut Skogstrand
name: Hansen, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the failure of an interface joining two elastic materials under load using a fiber bundle model connected to an elastic half space. We find that the breakdown process follows the equal load sharing fiber bundle model without any detectable spatial correlations between the positions of the failing fibers until localization sets in. The onset of localization is an instability, not a phase transition. Depending on the elastic constant describing the elastic half space, localization sets in before or after the critical load causing the interface to fail completely, is reached. There is a crossover between failure due to localization or failure without spatial correlations when tuning the elastic constant, not a phase transition. Contrary to earlier claims based on models different from ours, we find that a finite fraction of fibers must fail before the critical load is attained, even in the extreme localization regime, i.e.\ for very small elastic constant. We furthermore find that the critical load remains finite for all values of the elastic constant in the limit of an infinitely large system.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Why Do Some Countries Produce So Much More Output per Worker than Others? Some Further Results
Creators: name: Pikoulakis, Emmanuel
name: Minoiu, Camelia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics

description: To explain differences in output per worker across countries, the authors test for the workings of a learning-by-doing hypothesis and the hypothesis that the effectiveness of human capital depends on the laws and institutions that promote workplace practices that allow skills to develop. The quality of laws and institutions in the workplace is measured by an index of economic security (ESI). Pikoulakis and Minoiu find that ESI is a good proxy for human capital whilst educational attainment is not. They also find that countries with high ESI use more effectively the skills of the workforce and are better at exploiting profitable opportunities in capital markets.
Some Fixed Point Theorems for R?n-Contraction and R?n-Kannan Mappings in Metric Spaces
Creators: name: Cholatis Suanoom
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fixed point
Metric spaces
b-metric spaces
R ?n-contraction
R ?n-function

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 14-21
Diphenylbenzidine as a Probe for Determining Antioxidant Capacity of Plant Extracts
Creators: name: Peera Acharasatian
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Antioxidant capacity
Colorimetric method
Diphenylbenzidine
FIA

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 22-29
Takht-e-Soleyman and Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump: the recognition and conservation of world heritage cultural landscapes
Creators: name: Inanloo Dailoo, Shabnam
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 319-330
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: This research emphasizes that cultural landscapes are places where tangible and intangible values are integrated, where cultural and natural characteristics of place are subject to change over time, and where people and places are interconnected. They are places characterized by use and continuity. This research examines the factors that contribute to the identification, conservation and management of cultural landscapes and to an understanding of how their conservation affects the critical relationship between culture and nature. It proves that while scholarly literature and institutional guidelines are available to help define, identify and evaluate cultural landscapes, research is weak with respect to their management. Despite the broadening of the concept of cultural landscape during the last two decades, there is a critical need to further develop this concept and to integrate it into a values-based management approach as well as into national legislation. The study of two examples from Canada and Iran highlights the shortcomings of the application of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention and demonstrates the complexities of identifying, designating and conserving cultural landscapes at national and international levels. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump and Takht-e-Soleyman illustrate how a lack of recognition of values and inadequate and often inappropriate legal frameworks at different levels of government have resulted in significant management and conservation challenges. The research concludes that cultural landscapes are not protected and are under threat because of a misapplication of theory in practice, and because of a lack of understanding of the concept of cultural landscape and its categories in local and cultural contexts. Improvements could be achieved by recognizing the complexities and challenges of large-scale, multi-layered cultural landscapes, and by introducing new approaches and perspectives into the broader field of heritage conservation. The development of reference models would illustrate the challenges of applying the concept of cultural landscape in conservation practice and of promoting the application of an integrated and holistic approach for similar heritage properties with tangible and intangible, and cultural and natural values. The conceptual framework that emerges out of this study is intended to be ultimately applied in practice.
Phases and phase transitions in a $U(1)\times U(1)$ system with $θ=2π/3$ mutual statistics
Creators: name: Geraedts, Scott D.
name: Motrunich, Olexei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a $U(1)\times U(1)$ system with short-range interactions and mutual $θ=2π/3$ statistics in (2+1) dimensions. We are able to reformulate the model to eliminate the sign problem, and perform a Monte Carlo study. We find a phase diagram containing a phase with only small loops and two phases with one species of proliferated loop. We also find a phase where both species of loop condense, but without any gapless modes. Lastly, when the energy cost of loops becomes small we find a phase which is a condensate of bound states, each made up of three particles of one species and a vortex of the other. We define several exact reformulations of the model, which allow us to precisely describe each phase in terms of gapped excitations. We propose field-theoretic descriptions of the phases and phase transitions, which are particularly interesting on the "self-dual" line where both species have identical interactions. We also define irreducible responses useful for describing the phases.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures
Cerebrospinal fluid mechanics during and after experimental spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Jones, Claire Frances
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Despite concentrated research efforts there is currently no treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI). Several researchers have identified that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may have a role in the biomechanics of the injury event and in the secondary physiologic response, but this has not been closely examined. The aim of this thesis was to develop a large animal model and a benchtop model of human SCI, and to use these to characterise (1) the pressure response of the CSF during the SCI event, (2) the effect of CSF thickness on mechanical indicators of injury severity, and (3) the pressure differentials and cord morphology associated with thecal occlusion and decompression. Study 1 presented the large animal model and provided preliminary CSF pressure transient data that indicated further investigation was warranted. In Study 2, the CSF pressure transients from medium and high severity human-like SCIs were characterised. The peak pressures at 30 mm from the impact were within the range associated with experimental traumatic brain injury, but the wave was damped to peak pressures associated with noninjurious everyday fluctuations by 100 mm. In Study 3, results from the bench-top model demonstrated that the thickness of the CSF layer is directly proportional to the resultant peak CSF pressure, cord compression and impact load. In Study 4, the cranial-caudal CSF pressure differential increased gradually over eight hours of thecal occlusion. Decompression eliminated or reduced the differential, after which it did not change significantly. These results indicate that lumbar CSF pressure measured prior to decompression may not be representative of CSF pressure cranial to an injury. In Study 5, the change in spinal cord and thecal sac morphology after surgical decompression was assessed with ultrasound. Moderate SCI was associated with a residual cord deformation and then gradual swelling, while high severity SCIs exhibited immediate swelling which occluded the thecal sac within five hours. The different aspects of CSF response to SCI demonstrated in this thesis can potentially be used to assess and validate current and future models of SCI, and to guide future studies of clinical management strategies such as CSF drainage and early decompression.
A Shift Symmetry in the Higgs Sector: Experimental Hints and Stringy Realizations
Creators: name: Hebecker, Arthur
name: Knochel, Alexander K.
name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret reported hints of a Standard Model Higgs boson at ~ 125 GeV in terms of high-scale supersymmetry breaking with a shift symmetry in the Higgs sector. More specifically, the Higgs mass range suggested by recent LHC data extrapolates, within the (non-supersymmetric) Standard Model, to a vanishing quartic Higgs coupling at a UV scale between 10^6 and 10^18 GeV. Such a small value of lambda can be understood in terms of models with high-scale SUSY breaking if the Kahler potential possesses a shift symmetry, i.e., if it depends on H_u and H_d only in the combination (H_u+\bar{H}_d). This symmetry is known to arise rather naturally in certain heterotic compactifications. We suggest that such a structure of the Higgs Kahler potential is common in a wider class of string constructions, including intersecting D7- and D6-brane models and their extensions to F-theory or M-theory. The latest LHC data may thus be interpreted as hinting to a particular class of compactifications which possess this shift symmetry.
description: v2: References added. v3: References added, published version
Public placements of seasoned equity issues in Japan
Creators: name: Cooney, John W.
name: Kato, Kiyoshi
name: Schallheim, James S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In sharp contrast to results of empirical tests investigating the U.S. market, the announcement of a seasoned equity issue by Japanese firms causes stock prices to increase. A major institutional difference between the two markets involves the underwriting process through which the offer price is set. In the U.S., the offer price is typically set less than 24 hours before the stock is sold to the public. Offer prices in Japan, however, are announced a median of seven trading days before the end of the subscription period and is set at substantial discount below the current stock price. In addition, there are two ways to determine the offering prices, the fixed price method and the formula price method. The underwriters' certification hypothesis fits nicely under this institutional environment because fixed price issues offer more certification. Average announcement effect for firms using the fixed price method is positive, while the announcement effect is zero for the firms using the formula price method. In addition, after controlling for offering method, a significant negative correlation is found between the announcement day return and the discount. We also examine abnormal returns around the subscription period and issue day.
Effect of Drying Temperature on the Physical Properties of Binderless Fiberboard from Bagasse: Study of Water Absorption
Creators: name: Luthfi, Numan
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Bagasse
High-density fiberboard
Hydrogen bonding
Drying temperature
Water absorption

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 30-38
Epigenetics of human fetal and placental development
Creators: name: Yuen, Ka Chun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Dysregulation of placental and fetal epigenetics can affect gene expression patterns, including the parent-of-origin dependent expression in imprinted genes. While defects of imprinted genes have been implicated in some adverse pregnancy outcomes, little is currently known about the role of epigenetics in regulating normal or pathological human pregnancy and development. The objective of this thesis is to provide fundamental DNA methylation profiles of human fetal and placental development so as to offer insights into the etiology of human disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Taking advantage of the unbalanced parental genomic constitutions in triploidies, 45 novel imprinted genes were identified by comparing the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles between 10 diandries and 10 digynies. A comparison of DNA methylation profiles between placentas of different gestations and other somatic tissues showed tissue-specific and gestational age-specific DNA methylation changes in many imprinted genes. To gain insight into the genomic pattern of tissue-specific methylation, DNA methylation profile was evaluated in 5 somatic tissues (brain, kidney, lung, muscle and skin) from eight normal second-trimester fetuses. Tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) were identified in 195 loci, suggesting that tissue-specific methylation is established early in the second trimester. Importantly, only 17% of the identified fetal tDMRs were found to maintain this same tissue-specific methylation in adult tissues, implicating an extensive epigenetic reprogramming between fetus and adult. Besides intra-individual differences, there is also substantial DNA methylation variation between individuals. While many sites show a continuous pattern of DNA methylation variation between different placentas, WNT2, TUSC3 and EPHB4 were identified to have epipolymorphisms at their promoter region. The methylation status at the TUSC3 promoter showed an association with preeclampsia, suggesting a role of DNA methylation change in adverse pregnancy outcomes. A further investigation of DNA methylation profiles in 26 placentas from preeclampsia, IUGR and control subjects showed 34 loci were hypomethylated in the early-onset preeclamptic placentas, with TIMP3 having a potential of being a biomarker for the disorder. These results provided comprehensive DNA methylation profiles for both normal and abnormal fetal and placental tissues, which contribute to the biological and clinical aspects of the pathogenesis of fetal and placental disorders.
Controllable and reversible proton transfer for inorganic cyanide visual sensing based on the deprotonation of azo-phenolic hydroxyl group
Creators: name: Wang, Jun
name: He, Jinjun
name: Zhang, Jinsheng
name: Chen, Zhiming
name: Yin, Xiaogang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Methods for optical detection of inorganic cyanide based on the single molecule sensor with high selectivity and sensitivity have attracted increasing interest recently due to the high toxicity of cyanide ions. In this work, a visual sensor (S1) containing both imidazole NH and azo-phenolic OH was synthesised and characterised. The spectral experimental data indicated that protic aqueous solution facilitated enhancing the selectivity of cyanide ions with the nanomolar-level detection limit in semi-aqueous solution. The visual sensing mechanism arising from the deprotonation of azo-phenolic OH and the enhancement of intramolecular charge transfer could be clearly demonstrated by titration experiments of 1H NMR, HR MS and energy changes between the HOMO−LUMO band gaps. Furthermore, the reversibility and reusability of S1 upon alternating addition of CN− and H+ were studied. A visual sensor incorporated by imidazole NH and azo-phenolic OH was developed to detect inorganic CN− via reversible proton transfer based on the deprotonation/protonation of azo-phenolic OH/O− in aqueous solution.
Shock Therapy and After: Prospects for Russian Reform
Creators: name: Desai, Padma B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Economics

description: "In the third year of its transition to a functioning market economy free from high inflation, Russia began its toughest phase in 1994 under the Chernomyrdin government. The approval by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in March of the second tranche of $1,5 billion signaled support for the economic program of the new government. The subsequent adoption by the Duma (lower house of the parliament) of the government's budget and the signing of the civil accord by several parliamentary factions and industry groups marked a step, albeit fragile, in the direction of national consensus."
Effectiveness and importance of leadership in the changing period: "A secret key to revitalize Japanese firms"
Creators: name: Ueno, Yasushi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Economics

description: "The purpose of this research paper is to analyze the impact of the CEO on business performance and employee working motivation. As I will discuss, leadership by the CEO is the key essence for any firm. Indeed, it is the key fact for the Japanese companies’ survival in the future."
The Japanese Corporation in Transition: Current Challenges and Outlook
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yotaro
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Commerce

description: "My remarks on the transition of the Japanese corporation involve some generalizations, based on my experiences in organizations such as the Japan Association of Corporate Executives, Keidanren and Keizai Doyukai. Membership in these organizations has provided me the opportunity to exchange views with Japanese business leaders concerning the direction Japanese corporations must take in order to remain competitive in the global market and to be meaningful members of all societies in which they participate. I also describe briefly some of the actions that Fuji Xerox is currently taking to meet these two challenges."
Comparative Study of Fatigue of Asphalt Concrete Mixed with AC 60-70 and Polymer Modified Asphalt Binder
Creators: name: Krissana Jantarachot
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fatigue life
Indirect tensile fatigue test
Limestone
PMA

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 39-49
Participatory development and education: participant perspectives and experiences
Creators: name: Hare, Courtney Margarete
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 144-160
description: Drawing from constructivist and critical traditions, this case study explored participatory development in education, a philosophy that is widely embraced and promoted. Participant viewpoints, specifically from stakeholders, have traditionally been marginalized within development discourses. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to illuminate participatory development in practice, particularly via the perspectives and experiences of project participants. Project documents, public documents and participant interviews provided data for this study. The research question was: In what ways was participatory development enacted through the Devnia Education Development Project? The Devnia Education Development Project focused on teacher training and leadership development. Six prominent themes surrounding participatory development emerged which contribute to our understanding of participatory development. These themes were participation, relationships, local ownership, reciprocity, equity and empowerment. Freirean critical theory served as a framework for an interpretation of the findings.
Factional Politics and Credit Networks in Revolutionary Vermont
Creators: name: Hillmann, Henning
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Studies of state formation tend to emphasize the demise of localism through centralization. This article empirically specifies the social structural conditions that strengthen localism under state formation. The historical case is the creation of Vermont during the Revolutionary War and the local factionalism it involved. Probate records are used to reconstruct credit networks that provided the relational foundation for localism and factional identities. The evidence demonstrates that network segregation between factional regions intensified over time, and was supported by strong cohesion within these regions. Local brokers who forged cohesion within factions consistently attained important political offices while mediators between opposing factions increasingly failed to obtain offices. This structural process coincided with the shift of Vermont's domestic politics into national level conflicts between Federalists and Jeffersonians. Within this escalation local and national factions crystallized around equivalent pairs of binary categorical oppositions. The evocation of national politics directly resonated with local lines of conflict, and reinforced factional identities and localism.
Neutrino trapping in braneworld extremely compact stars
Creators: name: Stuchlik, Zdenek
name: Hladik, Jan
name: Urbanec, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extremely Compact Stars (ECS) contain trapped null geodesics. When such objects enter the evolution period admitting geodetical motion of neutrinos, certain part of neutrinos produced in their interior will be trapped influencing their neutrino luminosity and thermal evolution. We study neutrino trapping in the braneworld ECS, assuming uniform distribution of neutrino emissivity and massless neutrinos. We give the efficiency of the neutrino trapping effects in the framework of the simple model of the internal spacetime with uniform distribution of energy density, and external spacetime described by the Reissner-Nordström geometry characterized by the braneworld "tidal" parameter $b$. For $b < 0$ the external spacetime is of the black-hole type, while for $b > 0$ the external spacetime can be of both black-hole and naked-singularity type. Then the ECS surface radius $R$ can be located also above the unstable (outer) photon circular orbit. Such basically new types of the spacetimes strongly alter the trapping phenomena as compared to the standard case of $b = 0$. It is shown that the neutrino trapping effects are slightly lowered by the presence of physically more plausible case of $b < 0$, as compared to the standard internal Schwarzschild spacetime, while they can be magnified by positive tidal charges if $b < 1$ and lowered for $b > 1$. However, potential astrophysical relevance of the trapping phenomena is strongly enhanced for negative tidal charges enabling a significant enlargement of the ECS surface radius to values coherent with recent observations.
Tunicate Swarm Algorithm-Neural Network for Adaptive Power System Stabilizer Parameter
Creators: name: Widi Aribowo
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Feed-forward neural network
Metaheuristic
Neural network
Power systemstabilizer
Tunicate Swarm Algorithm

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 50-63
Selling IBM in Japan, Selling Japan in IBM: My 40 Years with the Company
Creators: name: Siina, Takeo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper originated as a lecture given on March 2, 1993 at Columbia University Graduate School of Business as part of the Japan Distinguished Business Leaders Lecture Series, cosponsored by the Center on Japanese Economy and the Japan Business Association.
Scaling laws for magnetic fields on the quiet Sun
Creators: name: Stenflo, Jan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sun's magnetic field is structured over a range of scales that span approximately seven orders of magnitudes, four of which lie beyond the resolving power of current telescopes. Here we have used a Hinode SOT/SP deep mode data set for the quiet-sun disk center in combination with constraints from the Hanle effect to derive scaling laws that describe how the magnetic structuring varies from the resolved scales down to the magnetic diffusion limit, where the field ceases to be frozen-in. The focus of the analysis is a derivation of the magnetic energy spectrum, but we also discuss the scale dependence of the probability density function (PDF) for the flux densities and the role of the cancellation function for the average unsigned flux density. Analysis of the Hinode data set with the line-ratio method reveals a collapsed flux population in the form of flux tubes with a size distribution that is peaked in the 10-100 km range. Magnetic energy is injected into this scale range by the instability mechanism of flux tube collapse, which is driven by the external gas pressure in the superadiabatic region at the top of the convection zone. This elevates the magnetic energy spectrum just beyond the telescope resolution limit. Flux tube decay feeds an inertial range that cascades down the scale spectrum to the magnetic diffusion limit, and which contains the tangled, "hidden" flux that is known to exist from observations of the Hanle effect. The observational constraints demand that the total magnetic energy in the hidden flux must be of the same order as the total energy in the kG flux tubes. Both the flux tubes and the hidden flux are found to be preferentially located in the intergranular lanes, which is to be expected since they are physically related.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Social Construction of Flows: Price Profiles Across Producers Gear to Market Context Upstream, Downstream and Cross-Stream
Creators: name: White, Harrison C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Economics

description: Varieties of quality competition across a production market can be extrapolated out of two dual forms of competition, oriented upstream and downstream. Counter pressure for equally good deals interlocks with producers' own self-interested choices to maximize their profits. The mechanism is a profile in revenue versus volume, with a niche for each producer. Simplicity in valuation schedules used to describe context enables exact solutions across very wide ranges of contexts that can sustain profiles of given curvatures. Sizes, profitabilites, and market shares are surveyed, as well as benefits downstream. Impacts from substitutability with cross-stream markets are found to be major only for an intermediate band of sensitivity ratios, identified within an inventory space for production market contexts. These markets can be sustained even for increasing returns to scale for producers. Market solutions change dramatically when buyers' ranking of quality is inverse to the ranking of producers by cost structure.
RDA TIGER D3.1 OS Landscape analysis and potential engagement targets
Creators: name: Rettberg, Najla
name: Asmi, Ari
name: Molloy, Laura
name: Hugo, Wim
name: Delipalta, Alex
name: Saldner, Simon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open science
EOSC
RDA

description: RDA TIGER establishes a suite of concrete services to support the development of relevant and well-focused Working Groups of the Research Data Alliance (RDA). One element of RDA TIGER is the Landscape Analysis Service (WP3) which provides potential WGs and the Facilitation Service (WP5) with background knowledge of Open Science activities in related areas, with the rationale that no WG should duplicate existing work, and that landscape gaps and emerging challenges should be addressed. The Landscape Analysis Service will contribute to those aims by building a knowledge base of selected resources. This deliverable sets out a description of the scope of the service, how the knowledge base will be built and the methodology behind identifying relevant initiatives to include at this early stage of the project. This deliverable is intended primarily for internal use and, in particular, to guide the Facilitation Service in their work to identify commonalities and complementarities.
Analytical pair correlations in ideal quantum gases: Temperature-dependent bunching and antibunching
Creators: name: Bosse, J.
name: Pathak, K. N.
name: Singh, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem together with the exact density response spectrum for ideal quantum gases has been utilized to yield a new expression for the static structure factor, which we use to derive exact analytical expressions for the temperature{dependent pair distribution function g(r) of the ideal gases. The plots of bosonic and fermionic g(r) display "Bose pile" and "Fermi hole" typically akin to bunching and antibunching as observed experimentally for ultracold atomic gases. The behavior of spin-scaled pair correlation for fermions is almost featureless but bosons show a rich structure including long-range correlations near T_c. The coherent state at T=0 shows no correlation at all, just like single-mode lasers. The depicted decreasing trend in correlation with decrease in temperature for T < T_c should be observable in accurate experiments.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, minor revision
The Japanese market for corporate control and managerial incentives
Creators: name: Yamada, Takeshi
name: Kang, Jun-Koo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: We examine bidder returns in Japanese mergers from 1976 to 1990. Using a comprehensive sample of 104 Japanese acquiring firms, we find that shareholders of Japanese bidders experience a significant positive abnormal return of 1.41%. Bidder returns are higher when firms acquire targets in the same industry, when their managers performed well before the merger, and when their managers acquire relatively large targets. We also find that bidder returns increase with the bidder's leverage and the bidder's ties to financial institutions through borrowings. Our evidence is consistent with the view that managerial incentives affect a firm's investment decisions and therefore firm value, and that these incentives are affected by the internal governance mechanisms that control managerial discretion.
Development of Vehicle Chassis from Novel Materials for Light Weight Electric Shuttles Using Finite Element Analysis
Creators: name: Nattadon Pannucharoenwong
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Aluminum alloy
Chassis
Elective shuttle bus
Finite element
Magnesium alloy

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 64-76
Strongly star forming galaxies in the local Universe with nebular He II 4686 emission
Creators: name: Shirazi, Maryam
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a sample of 2865 emission line galaxies with strong nebular He II 4686 emissions in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 and use this sample to investigate the origin of this line in star-forming galaxies. We show that star-forming galaxies and galaxies dominated by an active galactic nucleus form clearly separated branches in the He II 4686/Hβ versus [N II] 6584/Hα diagnostic diagram and derive an empirical classification scheme which separates the two classes. We also present an analysis of the physical properties of 189 star forming galaxies with strong He II 4686 emissions. These star-forming galaxies provide constraints on the hard ionizing continuum of massive stars. To make a quantitative comparison with observation we use photoionization models and examine how different stellar population models affect the predicted He II 4686 emission. We confirm previous findings that the models can predict He II 4686 emission only for instantaneous bursts of 20% solar metallicity or higher, and only for ages of ~ 4 - 5 Myr, the period when the extreme-ultraviolet continuum is dominated by emission from Wolf-Rayet stars. We find however that 83 of the star-forming galaxies (40%) in our sample do not have Wolf-Rayet features in their spectra despite showing strong nebular He II 4686 emission. We discuss possible reasons for this and possible mechanisms for the He II 4686 emission in these galaxies.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
How Globalization Has Impacted Labor: A Review Essay
Creators: name: Spilerman, Seymour
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Social sciences--Research
Labor economics

description: This essay outlines the features of globalization in the current era and indicates how conceptualizations of this process differ from the related formulations of the Annales School and of World Systems Analysis. The main theme of the paper is then developed, namely an assessment of the ways that globalization has impacted the organization of work and the structure of employment careers. This assessment is based on results from a variety of recent research studies, especially on findings from the Globalife project.
Modelling the Outlet of Multi-Chamber Stormwater Detention System
Creators: name: Mah, Darrien Yau Seng
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Field test
On-site detention
Outflow
StormPav
SWMM
Water level

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 77-89
Note on two-dimensional gauged Lifshitz models
Creators: name: Son, Edwin J.
name: Kim, Wontae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We fermionize the two-dimensional free Lifshitz scalar field in order to identify what the gauge covariant couplings are, and then they are bosonized back to get the gauged Lifshitz scalar field theories. We show that they give the same physical modes with those of the corresponding Lorentz invariant gauged scalar theories, although the dispersion relations are different.
description: 8 pages, to appear in MPLA
Effects of intermittent hypoxia on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular function: implications for obstructive sleep apnoea
Creators: name: Foster, Glen Edward
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 137-151
description: Intermittent hypoxia is thought to be an important contributor to the increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease observed in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This thesis reports findings from three major experiments designed to examine the relationship between OSA, intermittent hypoxia, and vascular function. In Study 1, the cerebral vascular response to hypoxia was assessed in newly diagnosed patients with OSA, both before and after 4-6 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure (CP AP). The cerebral blood flow response to hypoxia was found to be significantly reduced in patients with OSA and treatment with CPAP normalized this response. An attenuated cerebral blood flow response to hypoxia may contribute to an increased risk for cerebral vascular disease. In Study 2, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to acute hypoxia were assessed following exposure to prolonged bouts of intermittent hypoxia in healthy human subjects. The results from this study demonstrate that intennittent hypoxia can enhance the presser response to hypoxia and increase resting arterial pressure. Furthermore, the cerebral vascular response to hypoxia and the production of nitric oxide were reduced with intermittent hypoxia. These findings suggest that intennittent hypoxia affects blood pressure and cerebrovascular regulation which is, therefore, likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in OSA patients. Study 3 was designed to assess the importance of the angiotensin-II type-I receptor in the cardiovascular response to a single six-hour bout of intermittent hypoxia. Healthy human subjects took part in a double blind, placebo-controlled, and randomized, crossover study. The results demonstrate the importance of the type-I angiotensin-II receptor in mediating the hypertensive response associated with intennittent hypoxia. Taken together, the results from these three studies provide evidence to support the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia exposure similar to that experienced by OSA patients can contribute to changes in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulation. Ultimately, these regulatory changes may be precursors to the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in OSA.
Influences of Anisotropic Undrained Shear Strengths of Clays on Pullout Capacity of Planar Caissons
Creators: name: Suraparb Keawsawasvong
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2021
Subjects: Anisotropic clay
Finite element limit analysis
Plane strain
Pullout capacity
Suction caisson

description: Science & Technology Asia, 26, 3, 90-98
ESHITISH QOBILIYATI CHEKLANGAN BOLALAR UCHUN SAHNA SAN'ATI INTEGRATSIYASI
Creators: name: Klishbaeva, Guljan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada eshitish qobiliyati cheklangan bolalar uchun sahna san’ati integratsiyasining ahamiyati va innovatsion yondashuvlari tahlil qilinadi. Sahna san’ati bolalarning kommunikativ qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish, ijtimoiy moslashuvi va ijodiy tafakkurini oshirishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Eshitish qobiliyati cheklangan bolalar uchun moslashtirilgan sahna san’ati metodlari, jumladan, imo-ishora tili, ritmik harakatlar, vizual texnologiyalar va sensor o‘yinlardan foydalanishning samaradorligi ilmiy tadqiqotlar asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi.
An analysis of bidding in the Japanese government bond auctions
Creators: name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Jegadeesh, Narasimhan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: There has been constant friction between the U.S. and Japan on economic issues. After lengthy negotiations and threats of reprisal, Japan agreed to sell its Government Bonds through auctions that were open to foreign competition. This paper examines the bidding patterns in the Japanese Government Bond (JGB) auctions and it empirically tests the predictions of auction theory with JGB auction data. While the winning share of U.S. firms in 10-year JGB auction market went through ups and downs, their share in the 20-year market has increased steadily. We find that the winning shares of the U.S. investment banks are positively related to auction profits, whereas the winning shares of their Japanese counterparts show a negative association. We also find that the share of winnings of Japanese investment banks tend to be correlated with winnings of their compatriot investment banks but a similar relation is not found for US investment banks. We offer some possible explanations for these findings. The average profit in JGB auctions is not reliably different from zero, and the degree of competition and the level of uncertainty are found to be insignificant in determining auction profits.
Lorentz violating kinematics: Threshold theorems
Creators: name: Baccetti, Valentina
name: Tate, Kyle
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent tentative experimental indications, and the subsequent theoretical speculations, regarding possible violations of Lorentz invariance have attracted a vast amount of attention. An important technical issue that considerably complicates detailed calculations in any such scenario, is that once one violates Lorentz invariance the analysis of thresholds in both scattering and decay processes becomes extremely subtle, with many new and naively unexpected effects. In the current article we develop several extremely general threshold theorems that depend only on the existence of some energy momentum relation E(p), eschewing even assumptions of isotropy or monotonicity. We shall argue that there are physically interesting situations where such a level of generality is called for, and that existing (partial) results in the literature make unnecessary technical assumptions. Even in this most general of settings, we show that at threshold all final state particles move with the same 3-velocity, while initial state particles must have 3-velocities parallel/anti-parallel to the final state particles. In contrast the various 3-momenta can behave in a complicated and counter-intuitive manner.
description: V1: 32 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. V2: 5 references added