cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of child abuse amongst residents working in three selected tertiary care hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kidest Gelessu
name: Muluwork Tefera
name: Ayalew Moges
name: Eyob Kebede
Publisher: name: The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development
Year: 2023

description: Abstract
Introduction: - Child abuse has been a global problem and has continued to be a tireless public health challenge in all countries. Pediatricians have a significant role in the prevention and intervention of child abuse. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of child abuse among pediatric residents in three selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: - An Institutional-based Cross-sectional study design was utilized for this research. A Self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, practice, and attitude of pediatric residents in three selected teaching hospitals. The collected data underwent a thorough check, cleaning, and entry into the SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. Binary logistic regression was applied to establish the relationship between the various independent and dependent variables, and a 95% confidence interval with a P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result: In this study, 135 participants participated, resulting in a response rate of 96.4%. Sixty percent of the study participants were males, and 69.6% were in the age group of 25-30 years with a mean age of 24±0.76. Only 31(23%) of them had previously received any education about child abuse. In the knowledge assessment, half of the participants had a score of good knowledge, 56% of the participants had a favorable attitude, and 43% had good practice. Being married was associated with a decreased likelihood of having good practice in relation to child abuse.
Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that the general knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care professionals in the field of pediatrics regarding child abuse are not satisfactory. We believe that training programs on this issue should be mandatory for pediatric residents, given their crucial role in providing care for children.
Recommendation
The hospital should provide in-service, on-the-job training and continuous professional development for residents working in the emergency unit to enhance their knowledge, practice, and attitude toward child abuse. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2023; 37(2) 000-000]
Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, practice, child abuse, pediatrics residents, Ethiopia
description: The Ethiopian Journal of Health Development , Vol. 37 No. 2 (2023)
Pharmacokinetics Profiler (PhaKinPro): Model Development, Validation, and Implementation as a Web Tool for Triaging Compounds with Undesired Pharmacokinetics Profiles
Creators: name: Wellnitz, James
name: Rath, Marielle
name: Tropsha, Alexander
name: Alves, Vinicius
name: Muratov, Eugene N.
name: Travis, Maxfield
name: Cherkasov, Artem
name: Zakharov, Alexey V.
name: Popov, Konstantin I.
name: Beasley, Jon-Michael
name: Silva, Guilherme Martins
name: Hochuli, Joshua E.
name: Martin, Holli-Joi
name: Sessions, Zoe L.
name: Melo-Filho, Cleber
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Year: 2024

description: Computational models that predict pharmacokinetic properties are critical to deprioritize drug candidates that emerge as hits in high-throughput screening campaigns. We collected, curated, and integrated a database of compounds tested in 12 major end points comprising over 10,000 unique molecules. We then employed these data to build and validate binary quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. All trained models achieved a correct classification rate above 0.60 and a positive predictive value above 0.50. To illustrate their utility in drug discovery, we used these models to predict the pharmacokinetic properties for drugs in the NCATS Inxight Drugs database. In addition, we employed the developed models to predict the pharmacokinetic properties of all compounds in the DrugBank. All models described in this paper have been integrated and made publicly available via the PhaKinPro Web-portal that can be accessed at https://phakinpro.mml.unc.edu/.
Pavel Kladiwa, Obecní výbor Moravské Ostravy 1850-1913. Komunální samospráva průmyslového města a její představitelé
Creators: name: Weiser, Tomas
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (2005)
Statistical Mechanics of Unconfined Systems: Challenges and Lessons
Creators: name: Costa, Bruno Arderucio
name: Pessoa, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by applications of statistical mechanics in which the system of interest is spatially unconfined, we present an exact solution to the maximum entropy problem for assigning a stationary probability distribution on the phase space of an unconfined ideal gas in an anti-de Sitter background. Notwithstanding the gas's freedom to move in an infinite volume, we establish necessary conditions for the stationary probability distribution to be normalizable. As a part of our analysis, we develop a novel method for identifying dynamical constraints based on local measurements. With no appeal to \emph{a priori} information about globally-defined conserved quantities, it is thereby applicable to a much wider range of problems.
Fast soliton scattering by attractive delta impurities
Creators: name: Datchev, Kiril
name: Holmer, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with an attractive delta function potential and show that in the high velocity limit an incident soliton is split into reflected and transmitted soliton components plus a small amount of dispersion. We give explicit analytic formulas for the reflected and transmitted portions, while the remainder takes the form of an error. Although the existence of a bound state for this potential introduces difficulties not present in the case of a repulsive potential, we show that the proportion of the soliton which is trapped at the origin vanishes in the limit.
Reneging and the subversion of protest-driven policy change in autocracies
Creators: name: de Vogel, Sasha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
In autocracies, low-capacity protest campaigns that lack material and political resources are common, but these weaknesses make them vulnerable to reneging – the deliberate failure to implement concessions as promised. Reneging is critical to how and whether protests actually influence policy. Why are some autocratic concessions to low-capacity campaigns undermined by reneging? I argue concessions are most likely to be implemented when they matter least for meaningfully altering policy. Concessions that provide isolated conflict resolution without constraining state actors elsewhere are more likely to be implemented, while reneging affects concessions that would constrain state agents elsewhere. I find support for this argument using an original dataset of low-capacity protest campaigns in Moscow, Russia, from 2013 to 2018, which includes a novel approach to concessions data. Additionally, I show that reneging is less likely when the campaign demobilizes after the concession, though the effect on constraining concessions is limited. I also address why campaigns about some issues, like labour disputes, experience less reneging, and show that concessions from higher levels of government are just as prone to reneging as lower levels. This article advances scholarship on authoritarian responsiveness and non-violent political control by highlighting reneging as an overlooked response to protest.
Donald E. Pienkos, For Your Freedom through Ours. Polish American Efforts On Poland_s Behalf, 1863-1991
Creators: name: Strobel, Georg W.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1997

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 46 Nr. 2 (1997)
The Burst Spectra of EXO 0748-676 during a Long 2003 XMM-Newton Observation
Creators: name: Cottam, J.
name: Paerels, F.
name: Méndez, M.
name: Boirin, L.
name: Lewin, W. H. G.
name: Kuulkers, E.
name: Miller, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitationally redshifted absorption lines from highly ionized iron have been previously identified in the burst spectra of the neutron star in EXO 0748-676. To repeat this detection we obtained a long, nearly 600 ks observation of the source with XMM-Newton in 2003. The spectral features seen in the burst spectra from the initial data are not reproduced in the burst spectra from this new data. In this paper we present the spectra from the 2003 observations and discuss the sensitivity of the absorption structure to changes in the photospheric conditions.
description: 18 Pages, 3 Figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Algorithmic Ethics: Formalization and Verification of Autonomous Vehicle Obligations
Creators: name: Shea-Blymyer, Colin
name: Abbas, Houssam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We develop a formal framework for automatic reasoning about the obligations of autonomous cyber-physical systems, including their social and ethical obligations. Obligations, permissions and prohibitions are distinct from a system's mission, and are a necessary part of specifying advanced, adaptive AI-equipped systems. They need a dedicated deontic logic of obligations to formalize them. Most existing deontic logics lack corresponding algorithms and system models that permit automatic verification. We demonstrate how a particular deontic logic, Dominance Act Utilitarianism (DAU), is a suitable starting point for formalizing the obligations of autonomous systems like self-driving cars. We demonstrate its usefulness by formalizing a subset of Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) in DAU; RSS is an industrial proposal for how self-driving cars should and should not behave in traffic. We show that certain logical consequences of RSS are undesirable, indicating a need to further refine the proposal. We also demonstrate how obligations can change over time, which is necessary for long-term autonomy. We then demonstrate a model-checking algorithm for DAU formulas on weighted transition systems, and illustrate it by model-checking obligations of a self-driving car controller from the literature.
description: To be published in ACT Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence and Cyber-Physical Systems. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.00738
Pharmacogenetics: Using science to reduce racial bias in pain management?
Creators: name: Kistler, Christine
name: Sanderson, Keia
name: Crona, Daniel
name: Austin, C. Adrian
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
The medical community stands at an important crossroads and must move towards a more biologically based approach to health care if it hopes to dismantle systemic racism and ensure equitable care to all patients. Currently, systemic racism in health care harms patients of color, as evidenced by healthcare disparities for people of color during the COVID pandemic. The pandemic and other recent movements in medicine, such as eliminating race from equations used to estimate kidney function, have raised greater awareness in the medical community about the illegitimacy of race as a biologic construct and its use for directing medical care. These events also provide an opportunity to address the racial bias inherent to certain aspects of health care. Opiate prescribing is a classic example of where race issues introduce inequity. This article will discuss race and opiate prescribing and how a pharmacogenetic-based approach may help address some of the healthcare disparities resulting from raced-based medicine and the systemic racism present in our current healthcare system.
Enhancement of spatiotemporal regularity in an optimal window of random coupling
Creators: name: Poria, Swarup
name: Shrimali, Manish Dev
name: Sinha, Sudeshna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of a lattice of coupled chaotic maps whose coupling connections are dynamically rewired to random sites with probability p, namely at any instance of time, with probability p a regular link is switched to a random one. In a range of weak coupling, where spatiotemporal chaos exists for regular lattices (i.e. for p = 0), we find that p > 0 yields synchronized periodic orbits. Further we observe that this regularity occurs over a window of p values, beyond which the basin of attraction of the synchronized cycle shrinks to zero. Thus we have evidence of an optimal range of randomness in coupling connections, where spatiotemporal regularity is efficiently obtained. This is in contrast to the commonly observed monotonic increase of synchronization with increasing p, as seen for instance, in the strong coupling regime of the very same system.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Indigenous labor and the circulation of majolica in the colonial Andes
Creators: name: Smit, Douglas K.
name: VanValkenburgh, Parker
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
This study examines compositional data from Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis of eighty-four samples of tin enameled ware (majolica) recovered from Spanish colonial period contexts of two regions (north coast and south-central highlands) in the Peruvian Andes. We identify four compositional groups and discuss their distribution as evidence of the circulation of majolica in the Colonial Andes, with particular attention to the roles that Indigenous people played in their transport and use. While most of these materials appear to have been produced at Panama la Vieja, the presence of three additional groups of likely Peruvian origin suggests a more complex network of production and exchange that points to the diverse ways in which Indigenous labor structured colonial economic networks.
The Frequency of Referential Patterns Guides Pronoun Comprehension
Creators: name: Johnson, Elyce D.
name: Arnold, Jennifer E.
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association (APA)
Year: 2023

description:
There is extensive evidence that people are sensitive to the statistical patterns of linguistic elements at the phonological, lexical, and syntactic levels. However, much less is known about how people classify referential events and whether they adapt to the most frequent types of references. Reference is particularly complex because referential tokens can be multiply categorized, raising questions about what can be learned through referential exposure. We test the role of linguistic exposure to referential patterns in five experiments on pronoun comprehension, examining linguistic contexts like "X is doing something with Y" (Experiments 1a, b, and c) and transfer events like "X gave something to Y" (Experiments 2a and b). We ask whether the interpretation of ambiguous he or she pronouns is influenced by recent exposure and find that indeed it is, supporting the hypothesis that adaptation affects discourse processing. In Experiment 1, we further ask whether adaptation persists across three types of referring expressions (he or she pronouns, I/you pronouns, and names) and find that it is limited to he or she pronouns. In Experiment 2, we test whether people can learn both syntactically conditioned and semantically conditioned frequency patterns with transfer verbs. Results showed that they learned both patterns. These results provide critical new evidence that discourse processing biases are informed by exposure to referential patterns.
Testing the viability of the interacting holographic dark energy model by using combined observational constraints
Creators: name: Feng, Chang
name: Wang, Bin
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Su, Ru-Keng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the data coming from the new 182 Gold type Ia supernova samples, the shift parameter of the Cosmic Microwave Background given by the three-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations, and the baryon acoustic oscillation measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, $H(z)$ and lookback time measurements, we have performed a statistical joint analysis of the interacting holographic dark energy model. Consistent parameter estimations show us that the interacting holographic dark energy model is a viable candidate to explain the observed acceleration of our universe.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in JCAP
Approfondimenti dei risultati sugli operatori business. Il turismo culturale nell'area di Langhe e Roero - SPOT Survey 2020
Creators: name: Rech, Giovanna
name: Migliorati, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: cultural tourism; entrepreneurs; Piedmont; Italy; COVID-19;

description: Detailed analysis of some results from the 2020 SPOT Survey on stakeholders in case study area Langhe, Monferrato, and Roero in Piedmont (Italy).
“We Should All Be Welcome:” A Discourse Analysis of Religious Coping for Black Parents Raising Autistic Children
Creators: name: Malone, Kayla M.
name: Pearson, Jamie N.
name: Stewart-Ginsburg, Jared H.
name: Martin, DeVoshia M.
name: Palazzo, K. M.
name: Manns, Lonnie D. C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023

description:
Disability for Black families raising autistic children is often inseparable from religious identity and experience. Black parents raising autistic children may rely on their religion to create meaning and seek guidance, but they may also experience unmet support needs from their religious congregations. In this study we analyzed group session transcripts and written responses using Foucauldian Critical Discourse Analysis to highlight the voices of seven Black parents raising autistic children in the context of a parent advocacy program. We aimed to understand the micro-, meso-, and macro-level processes that maintain stigma and barriers to communal coping. Implications for religious leaders and future research are noted.
No-scale gauge non-singlet inflation inducing TeV scale inverse seesaw mechanism
Creators: name: Moursy, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model of sneutrino inflation that is charged under $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry in no-scale supergravity framework. The model provides an interesting modification of tribrid inflation. We impose $U(1)_R$ symmetry on the renormalizable level while allow Planck suppressed non-renormalizable operators that break R-symmetry. This plays a crucial role in realizing a Starobinsly-like inflation scenario from one hand. On the other hand it plays essential role, as well as SUSY breaking effects, in deriving the neutrino masses from TeV inverse seesaw mechanism. Thus we provide an interpretation for the extremely small value of the $μ_S$ mass parameter required for inverse seesaw mechanism. We discuss the reheating scenario and the possible constraints on the parameter space in connection to neutrino masses.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Highly excited pure gauge SU(3) flux tubes
Creators: name: Bicudo, Pedro
name: Cardoso, Nuno
name: Sharifian, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flux tube spectra are expected to have full towers of levels due to the quantization of the string vibrations. We study a spectrum of flux tubes with static quark and antiquark sources with pure gauge $SU(3)$ lattice QCD in 3+1 dimensions up to a significant number of excitations. To go high in the spectrum, we specialize in the most symmetric case $Σ_g^+$, use a large set of operators, solve the generalized eigenvalue and compare different lattice QCD gauge actions and anisotropies.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, submitted contribution to the proceedings of "The 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, LATTICE2021", 26th-30th July, 2021, Zoom/Gather@Massachusetts Institute of Technology, this is similar to a contribution to the proceedings of "A Virtual Tribute to Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum 2021", 2-6 August 2021, online
Can Increasing Awareness of Gender Gaps in International Relations Help Close Them? Evidence from a Scholar Ranking Experiment
Creators: name: Powers, Ryan
name: Jackson, Emily B
name: Peterson, Susan
name: Tierney, Michael J
name: Maliniak, Daniel
name: Parajon, Eric
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2023

description:
We report the results of a survey of international relations (IR) scholars on the use of an increasingly common policy designed to close recognition gaps in IR: gender balance in citation (GBC) statements. GBC statements remind and encourage authors submitting work to peer-reviewed outlets to consider the gender balance among the works they cite. We find that these policies enjoyed wide support among IR scholars in our sample countries soon after journals began instituting the policies, but women were more supportive than men of the policies. We also report the results of a question-order experiment that allows us to study how raising awareness of gender gaps in the IR discipline affects the proportion of women that scholars list among the most influential IR scholars in the last 20 years. The effects of exposure to the gender treatment vary, however, by respondents’ gender and whether respondents teach in the United States. The treatment effects were much larger for women than for men in the United States, but the reverse was true outside the United States.
Global Analysis of Helicity Parton Densities and Their Uncertainties
Creators: name: de Florian, Daniel
name: Sassot, Rodolfo
name: Stratmann, Marco
name: Vogelsang, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new analysis of the helicity parton distributions of the nucleon. The analysis takes into account the available data from inclusive and semi-inclusive polarized deep inelastic scattering, as well as from polarized pp scattering at RHIC. For the first time, all theoretical calculations are performed fully at next-to-leading order (NLO) of perturbative QCD, using a method that allows to incorporate the NLO corrections in a very fast and efficient way in the analysis. We find evidence for a rather small gluon polarization in the nucleon, over a limited region of momentum fraction, and for interesting flavor patterns in the polarized sea.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Changing fears in European geopolitical discourses from the First till the Second World War:  Halford Mackinder, Isaiah Bowman and Arnold J. Toynbee
Creators: name: Chiantera-Stutte, Patricia
Publisher: name: University of Turin
Year: 2019
Subjects: geopolitics, theory of civilisations, idealism, heartland, westernization

description: This contribution aims at exploring one aspect of the “production” of fears in the 20th century, analysing the period between the Two World Wars, namely a crucial turning point in the history of the geopolitical and political thought and reconstructing the genesis of the fears concerning the Western civilisation and Europe, that have originated from the end of the Second WW till now. Amongst the academics who dealt with the crisis of the European political system were three main intellectuals, who belonged to different disciplinary fields and were members of key political organizations in their countries: Halford Mackinder, Isaiah Bowman and Arnold J. Toynbee. In this article their ideas will be investigated from the perspective of the history of political thought: they will be considered as “political thinkers”, whose comments on contingent political facts were supported by their academic and intellectual expertise and whose ideas, at their turn, had a certain impact on the political ideas and praxis in the 20th century. In so doing, I will trace back to the genesis of the idealistic paradigm of IR during the crisis of the main institutions of the political national and international order, as well as its fragmentation into two main strains: the geopolitical and the “civilizational” paradigms of interpretation. I will demonstrate, on the one hand, the impact of the political transformations of their “geopolitical conceptual map” from the First to the Second World War – namely their ideas of Europe, America and the “Other” -; on the other hand, I will trace back to the origin of the split between these two main paradigms, used in order to explain the crisis of the order in international order and its possible “restoration”.
description: De Europa, Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Noncommutative Effective LQC: inclusion of potential term
Creators: name: Díaz-Barrón, Luis Rey
name: Espinoza-García, Abraham
name: Pérez-Payán, S.
name: Socorro, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct and study a simple noncommutative scheme (theta-deformation) for the effective Loop Quantum Cosmology of the flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker model in the presence of a homogeneous scalar field $ϕ$ with a potential $\mathcal{V}(ϕ)=\frac{1}{2}m^2ϕ^2$. We first conduct a simple analysis from the corresponding Hamilton equations of motion considering a generic term $\mathcal V(ϕ)$. It is observed that the characteristic Big Bounce of Loop Quantum Cosmology is preserved under such noncommutative extension. When specializing to the quadratic case, numerical solutions to the corresponding Hamilton equations exhibiting an early inflationary epoch with a sufficiently large number of e-foldings are found. It is concluded that, in this noncommutative setup, solutions exist which are in the overall compatible with the early universe predicted by standard (effective) Loop Quantum Cosmology (i.e. a bouncing and inflationary early universe). The issue of the genericness of a sufficiently long inflationary period on the space of solutions in this noncommutative construct remains to be addressed.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Is Race Associated with the Surgical Treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia? An Analysis of 30,000 Medicare Lives
Creators: name: Humphreys, Mitchell R.
name: Rojanasarot, Sirikan
name: Narang, Gopal L.
name: Cutone, Ben
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description:
Backgrounds With an increased prevalence and burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), effective and equitable treatment is a priority. Limited data exist evaluating treatment disparities for patients with BPH by race. This study examined the association between race and BPH surgical treatment rates among Medicare beneficiaries. Methods Medicare claims data were used to identify men newly diagnosed with BPH from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2018. Patients were followed until their first BPH surgery, a diagnosis of prostate/bladder cancer, termination of Medicare enrollment, death, or end of study. Cox proportional hazards regression compared the likelihood of BPH surgery between men of different races (White vs. Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC)), controlling for patients’ geographical region, Charlson comorbidity score, and baseline comorbidities. Results The study included 31,699 patients (13.7% BIPOC). BIPOC men had significantly lower BPH surgery rates (9.5% BIPOC vs. 13.4% White; p=0.02). BIPOC race was associated with a 19% lower likelihood of receiving BPH surgery than White race (HR, 0.81; 95% CI 0.70, 0.94). Transurethral resection of the prostate was the most common surgery for both groups (49.4% Whites vs. 56.8% BIPOC; p=0.052). A higher proportion of BIPOC men underwent procedures in inpatient settings compared to White men (18.2% vs. 9.8%; p<0.001). Conclusions Among a cohort of Medicare beneficiaries with BPH, there were notable treatment disparities by race. BIPOC men had lower rates of surgery than White men and were more likely to undergo procedures in the inpatient setting. Improving patient access to outpatient BPH surgical procedures may help address treatment disparities.
Linear-Size Universal Discretization of Geometric Center-Based Problems in Fixed Dimensions
Creators: name: Shenmaier, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many geometric optimization problems can be reduced to finding points in space (centers) minimizing an objective function which continuously depends on the distances from the centers to given input points. Examples are $k$-Means, Geometric $k$-Median/Center, Continuous Facility Location, $m$-Variance, etc. We prove that, for any fixed $\varepsilon>0$, every set of $n$ input points in fixed-dimensional space with the metric induced by any vector norm admits a set of $O(n)$ candidate centers which can be computed in almost linear time and which contains a $(1+\varepsilon)$-approximation of each point of space with respect to the distances to all the input points. It gives a universal approximation-preserving reduction of geometric center-based problems with arbitrary continuity-type objective functions to their discrete versions where the centers are selected from a fairly small set of candidates. The existence of such a linear-size set of candidates is also shown for any metric space of fixed doubling dimension.
Linguistic Differences Based on Gender and Race in Urology Application Personal Statements A Comparison of 2017 and 2023 Applications
Creators: name: Basak, Ram
name: Demzik, Alysen
name: Borawski, Kristy M
name: Wallen, Eric M
name: Viprakasit, Davis
name: Filippou, Pauline
name: Smith, Angela B
name: Tan, Hung-Jui
name: Matthew-Onabanjo, Asia N
name: Kay, Hannah E
name: Bethel, Emma C
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2023

description:
While diversity and inclusion efforts have increased in urology, comparative analysis of personal statements from 2016-2017 and 2022-2023 residency applications showed few linguistic changes over time by gender or race/ethnicity. These results suggest the need for directed efforts to engage, mentor, and coach females and underrepresented minorities during medical school and the urology application process.
« La base de notre politique, c’est la peur ». La peur et le début du processus d’intégration européenne
Creators: name: Laschi, Giuliana
Publisher: name: University of Turin
Year: 2019
Subjects: système international, histoire de l’intégration européenne, peur et système international, guerre froide, guerres mondiales.

description: La peur est un élément fondamental de la relation entre société et système international, à n’importe quelle période de l’histoire et surtout après les deux guerres mondiales. Elle devient parfois un outil utilisé par les gouvernements, les dictateurs, ou les terroristes pour modifier la perception des autres dans le cadre systémique et elle a incontestablement été utilisée comme ça pendant la guerre froide. La peur a été à la base des motivations qui portaient les gouvernements et les européens à considérer de nouveaux projets pour le continent, capables de gérer la complexité internationale et le nouveau rôle que l’Europe se retrouvait à vivre. Les motivations qui ont donné naissance aux Communautés européennes ont certainement été nombreuses. Il s’agissait de motivations constructives et créatives. Cependant, il est également vrai que la pression du système international, de la guerre froide, du choc total et global entre les deux Europes a constitué le cadre du processus d'intégration européenne. Les peurs, à la fin des années quarante, étaient nombreuses et capables de mettre les citoyens et les gouvernements à genoux. Le but de mon essai est de comprendre dans quelle mesure la peur a influencé le processus d’intégration européenne.
description: De Europa, Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Uniquely called: African American community college presidents promoting equitable student success
Creators: name: Greenlee, Jacqueline
name: Davis, Jemilia S.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description:
Black community college presidents are not exempt from racialized experiences as they promote equitable student success. This study explores the unique experiences of Black leaders who advocate for policies, practices, and procedures that promote equity and social justice at their institutions and in their communities. Together, applied critical leadership (ACL) and the principles of critical race theory (CRT) underpin the research study presented in this chapter and helped inform the interview protocol and identify strategies the presidents use to promote equitable change. In this chapter, five African American presidents share how they conceptualize equity‐driven leadership and how their racialized identities inform their approaches to improving equitable outcomes for all students, particularly students of color. Presidents shared strategies that any community college leader can use to demonstrate their commitment to social justice and advance the practice broadly.
A Threatening Tone: Homicide, Racial Threat Narratives, and the Historical Growth of Incarceration in the United States, 1926–2016
Creators: name: Duxbury, Scott W
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2023

description:
This study evaluates how homicide, racial threat, and media discourse interacted to shape the timing and persistence of prison growth in the United States. Drawing on Blumer’s classic work, I argue that media discourse circulates threat narratives that portray racial minorities as either economically, politically, or criminally threatening. Criminal threat narratives increase in response to highly salient crimes, like homicide, and exert institutionally specific pressures that increase incarceration. To evaluate these claims, I use machine learning to classify 1,026,862 news articles in accordance with economic, political, and criminal threat themes in a time series analysis of the national incarceration rate between 1926 and 2016. Results reveal that the period of prison growth is characterized by an influx of criminal threat narratives that coincides with increases in the homicide rate. Criminal threat narratives and the homicide rate both have sizable long-term effects on the incarceration rate, whereas economic and political threat narratives have little explanatory power. Further analyses show that criminal threat narratives account for roughly half of the effect of the homicide rate on incarceration, and that the homicide rate has an indirect effect on racial disparity in prison admissions by acting through criminal threat narratives. These findings support core theoretical claims and expand our understanding of the complex interaction between racial threat and homicide in the historical rise of incarceration.
The Importance and Criticality of Spreadsheets in the City of London
Creators: name: Croll, Grenville J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.1; H.4.1; K.6.4; D.2.9

description: Spreadsheets have been with us in their present form for over a quarter of a century. We have become so used to them that we forget that we are using them at all. It may serve us well to stand back for a moment to review where, when and how we use spreadsheets in the financial markets and elsewhere in order to inform research that may guide their future development. In this article I bring together the experiences of a number of senior practitioners who have spent much of their careers working with large spreadsheets that have been and continue to be used to support major financial transactions and manage large institutions in the City of London. The author suggests that the City of London is presently exposed to significant reputational risk through the continued uncontrolled use of critical spreadsheets in the financial markets and elsewhere.
description: 11 pages, with references
Mechanism of recrystallization process in epitaxial GaN under dynamic stress field - Atomistic origin of planar defect formation
Creators: name: Das, C. R.
name: Dhara, S.
name: Hsu, H. C.
name: Chen, L. C.
name: Jeng, Y. R.
name: Bhaduri, A. K.
name: Raj, Baldev
name: Chen, K. H.
name: Albert, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of recrystallization in epitaxial (1000) GaN film, introduced by indentation technique, is probed by lattice dynamic studies using Raman spectroscopy. The recrystallized region is identified by Micro-Raman area mapping. Pop-in bursts in loading lines indicate nucleation of dislocations and climb of dislocations. These processes set in plastic motion of lattice atoms under stress field at the center of indentation for the initiation of recrystallization process. A planar defect migration mechanism is evolved. A pivotal role of vacancy migration is pointed out, for the first time, as the rate limiting factor for the dislocation dynamics initiating the recrystallization process in GaN.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures including Supplements, Accecepted in J. Raman Spectroscopy
Can We Talk? An Exploratory Study of Gender and Network Ties in a Local Government Setting
Creators: name: Whetsell, Travis A.
name: Humphrey, Nicole
name: DeHart-Davis, Leisha
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2023

description:
We explore the influence of gender and formal organizational status on the formation of discussion ties. Network data, gathered through surveying employees from a municipal organization in the United States, garnered a 92% response rate ( n = 143). Results of exponential random graph modeling indicate women supervisors are more likely to send discussion ties, while women in general are more likely to receive discussion ties. These exploratory results suggest women may be perceived as more approachable for work discussions, but not as supervisors. Finally, the results identified a consistent homophily effect of gender in the discussion network.
Governing Globalisation to Overcome Nation-Based Fears: Federalism as the Paradigm of the Contemporary Age
Creators: name: Cinquanta, Raffaella
Publisher: name: University of Turin
Year: 2019
Subjects: federalism, European federation, devolution, globalisation, nationalism

description: The paper recalls the political theory of a group of Italian scholars who led the European Federalist Movement starting from the mid-60s. Their scientific analysis of the globalisation process and their innovative federal state model seems to provide interesting insights into contemporary events.

Nation-based political paradigms fail to explain or deal with the ongoing global metamorphosis, which has made it impossible to retrace social, economic and military issues to a specific “culpable” State: terrorism strikes both from a generic outside and from within. Hence the collective perception of living in an unstable era of confused and unmanageable disorder and the rising of insecurity-related fears which result in a schizophrenic attitude of micro-nationalism expecting at the same time a protective umbrella from “upper” institutions. This is most tangible in Europe.

The paper highlights with an interdisciplinary approach two features of federalists’ investigation which seem to be particularly relevant today. Their historical analysis underlines how until WW2 European States tried to counteract interdependence by strengthening themselves through nationalism, militarism, autarchy etc. and by leveraging collective fears. Being both symptoms of the collapsing of national States and the tools these States used to preserve themselves, they created a vicious cycle which might still be ongoing today on a more global level. Federalists’ political studies led to the designing of the post-industrial federal State “model”. It is an open multi-levelled institutional schema able to create a new “order” by turning globalisation into a process of both infra-national and supra-national federalisation, and a new global political society by “revolutionising” all political values, notions and lexicon (multi-level governance, pluri-dimensional political loyalty, participatory democracy). Federalism is therefore described as the cultural and political “paradigm” of contemporary age, of which a truly federated Europe might be the first historical implementation.
description: De Europa, Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Pristiformes
Creators: name: Matamoros, Wilfredo A.
name: Schaefer, Jacob F.
name: Kreiser, Brian R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Pisces
Pristiformes

description: PRISTIFORMES  Pristidae. Peripheral.
 Pristis pectinata Latham, 1794. Smalltooth sawfish, pez sierra. Native. Department: Gracias a Dios. Drainage: Atlantic slope: Patuca.
description: Published as part of Matamoros, Wilfredo A., Schaefer, Jacob F. & Kreiser, Brian R., 2009, Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of continental and insular Honduras, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 2307 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.275406
Caustics due to Negative Refractive Index in Circular Graphene p-n Junctions
Creators: name: Cserti, Jozsef
name: Palyi, Andras
name: Peterfalvi, Csaba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the wavefunctions form caustics in circular graphene p-n junctions which in the framework of geometrical optics can be interpreted with negative refractive index.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Teodor Billewicz, Diariusz podróży po Europie w latach 1677-1678
Creators: name: Bömelburg, Hans-Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 4 (2005)
Estimating Reproducible Functional Networks Associated with Task Dynamics using Unsupervised LSTMs
Creators: name: Dvornek, Nicha C.
name: Ventola, Pamela
name: Duncan, James S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a method for estimating more reproducible functional networks that are more strongly associated with dynamic task activity by using recurrent neural networks with long short term memory (LSTMs). The LSTM model is trained in an unsupervised manner to learn to generate the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series data in regions of interest. The learned functional networks can then be used for further analysis, e.g., correlation analysis to determine functional networks that are strongly associated with an fMRI task paradigm. We test our approach and compare to other methods for decomposing functional networks from fMRI activity on 2 related but separate datasets that employ a biological motion perception task. We demonstrate that the functional networks learned by the LSTM model are more strongly associated with the task activity and dynamics compared to other approaches. Furthermore, the patterns of network association are more closely replicated across subjects within the same dataset as well as across datasets. More reproducible functional networks are essential for better characterizing the neural correlates of a target task.
description: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) 2020
Fear and Global Risk: Failed or Rehabilitated States?
Creators: name: Corigliano, Filippo
Publisher: name: University of Turin
Year: 2019
Subjects: State, sovereignty, fear, Europe, safety

description: Fear has played a key role in the shaping of sovereignty. The subjection of individuals to a ruler's power is determined by fear, and in particular by fear of violent death, according to an interpretation first put forward by Leo Strauss. Following this trajectory, the paper sets out to examine the concepts of fear and safety in the light of the emergence of the modern European State. On the one hand, it aims to illustrate the link between the birth of the nation-State and the logic of safety; on the other, it seeks to highlight the close connection between the emergence of global fears and the political commitment to new safety policies.

Many old fears have resurfaced and taken the centre stage: the fear of violent death or natural disasters, the fear of social insecurity caused by economic crises, and the fear of foreigners. Such fears, which were thought to have been overcome through new safety and protection standards, have found a new sounding board in globalisation, as the most suited means for their rapid proliferation and spread. These fears manifest themselves as real illnesses of the global age which risk undermining social stability, with repercussions on European politics and society.

In the present context, States are called to reassert their prerogatives and exercise their sovereign, national function. Globalisation is promoting the reverse process. The European Union itself is affected by these ideological and political dynamics. The re-nationalising of European political life is a concrete risk in the present atmosphere of anxiety and neurotic fear, in which even public policies are acquiring markedly securitarian overtones.
description: De Europa, Vol 2, No 1 (2019)
Comparing Open Data Repositories - Presentation
Creators: name: Costa, Pedro H. M.
name: Cordeiro, André F. R.
name: OliveiraJr, Edson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Open Science; Open Data; Open Data Repository

description: Video associated with the paper "Comparing Open Data Repositories", submitted to ERES 2021, in Brazil.
Martin Schulze Wessel, Rußlands Blick auf Preußen. Die polnische Frage in der Diplomatie und der politischen Öffentlichkeit des Zarenreiches und des Sowjetstaates 1697-1947
Creators: name: Hartmann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1997

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 46 Nr. 2 (1997)
Phase transition and critical properties of spin-orbital interacting systems
Creators: name: Tang, Huai-Bao
name: Chen, Dong-Meng
name: Wei, Xiang-Fei
name: Zou, Liang-Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transition and critical properties of Ising-like spin-orbital interacting systems in 2-dimensional triangular lattice are investigated. We first show that the ground state of the system is a composite spin-orbital ferro-ordered phase. Though Landau effective field theory predicts the second-order phase transition of the composite spin-orbital order, however, the critical exponents obtained by the renormalization group approach demonstrate that the spin-orbital order-disorder transition is far from the second-order, rather, it is more close to the first-order, implying that the widely observed first-order transition in many transition-metal oxides may be intrinsic. The unusual critical behavior near the transition point is attributed to the fractionalization of the composite order parameter.
description: Accepted to Phys. Lett. A