cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of iron deficiency anemia using intravenous iron across multiple indications
Creators: name: Numan, Syed
name: Kaluza, Karolina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To explore current recommendations for intravenous (IV) iron use in clinical guidelines for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) across different therapeutic areas and identify recommendations, if any, for the treatment of IDA. A literature search was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, BIOSIS, Cochrane Collaboration, and on websites of relevant professional associations. Searches were limited to English publications. 1292 citations were identified, 219 papers were assessed, and 35 guidelines were identified for inclusion. The guidelines covered a variety of geographies: United States (US; n = 10); Europe (n = 11); “Rest-of-World” (n = 9); and “Other” organizations (n = 5). These covered a variety of specialties. Guidelines defined iron deficiency and IDA generally by serum ferritin and transferrin saturation levels. One-fifth of the reviewed guidelines (7 of 35) included no mention or recommendation regarding parenteral iron’s utility in the management of IDA. Fifteen guidelines recommended using parenteral iron in the management of IDA. Fewer US guidelines included recommendations around IV iron than in Europe or the rest of the world. Approximately 60% of the guidelines have not been updated in ≥5 years and consequently do not reflect current evidence on the safety and efficacy of IV iron. While national and international guidelines for management of IDA exist, many are outdated and do not reflect current evidence including, but not limited to, parenteral iron use. Urgent consideration should be given to updating and clarifying management guidelines for IDA using the latest treatment modalities and options, particularly in the US.
Peregrine: A Pattern-Aware Graph Mining System
Creators: name: Jamshidi, Kasra
name: Mahadasa, Rakesh
name: Vora, Keval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.4; H.3.4; H.2.8

description: Graph mining workloads aim to extract structural properties of a graph by exploring its subgraph structures. General purpose graph mining systems provide a generic runtime to explore subgraph structures of interest with the help of user-defined functions that guide the overall exploration process. However, the state-of-the-art graph mining systems remain largely oblivious to the shape (or pattern) of the subgraphs that they mine. This causes them to: (a) explore unnecessary subgraphs; (b) perform expensive computations on the explored subgraphs; and, (c) hold intermediate partial subgraphs in memory; all of which affect their overall performance. Furthermore, their programming models are often tied to their underlying exploration strategies, which makes it difficult for domain users to express complex mining tasks. In this paper, we develop Peregrine, a pattern-aware graph mining system that directly explores the subgraphs of interest while avoiding exploration of unnecessary subgraphs, and simultaneously bypassing expensive computations throughout the mining process. We design a pattern-based programming model that treats "graph patterns" as first class constructs and enables Peregrine to extract the semantics of patterns, which it uses to guide its exploration. Our evaluation shows that Peregrine outperforms state-of-the-art distributed and single machine graph mining systems, and scales to complex mining tasks on larger graphs, while retaining simplicity and expressivity with its "pattern-first" programming approach.
description: This is the full version of the paper appearing in the European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), 2020
A low cost eye-tracking system for human-computer interface
Creators: name: Justiss, Daniel McCravey
name: 0000-0003-0795-7334
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2017
Subjects: Eye tracking

description: The quality of life for heavily disable people could be greatly improved if they had a way to interface with a computer. There are already methods in existence attempting to solve this problem, but they all have certain drawbacks. Existing methods are either restricted to use of only more lightly disabled individuals, too expensive, too inaccurate, too invasive, or too uncomfortable to be viable for everyone. Using a system of a laptop with a built-in camera or a computer with a camera otherwise mounted on the screen, it may be possible to create a human computer interface without any of these drawbacks. With image tracking software it can be attempted to determine where on the screen the eyes of the user are looking. Using this data as the input for the computer interface software, the user could control the position of the computer cursor using only their eyes. This method has been attempted several times by several different research groups and no one has managed to develop a system that is accurate and fast enough. However, with one significant change that is proposed in this study it may be possible to have a successful eye tracking system. That new idea is for the user to wear circular eyeglass frames without the lenses that the computer can track along with the eyes. This would provide additional information to make it possible for an eye tracker of high enough quality for use in a human computer interface. The report describes the design and validation of such a low-cost eye-tracking system for heavily disabled people.
Optical Stochastic Cooling with an Arc-Bypass in CESR
Creators: name: Andorf, M. B.
name: Bergan, W. F.
name: Bazarov, I. V.
name: Maxson, J. M.
name: Khachatryan, V.
name: Rubin, D. L.
name: Wang, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proposed experiment to demonstrate Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) based on an arc-bypass design is presented. This arc-bypass provides significantly longer optical delay than the dog-leg style chicane, opening up the possibility of a multi-pass or staged optical amplifier that can achieve the gains required for effective cooling of hadron or heavy-ions. Beyond introducing the arc-bypass, in this paper we study the stability requirements for the dipoles comprising it and investigate the use of an optical feedback system to relax the dipole and light-path stability tolerances.
A Double Hurdle Model of Preferences for a Proposed Capacity Reduction Program in the Atlantic Shark Fishery
Creators: name: Musengezi, Jessica D.
name: Rossi, Frederick J.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
name: Musengezi, Jessica D.
name: Rossi, Frederick J.
name: Larkin, Sherry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Atlantic shark fishery is considered to be overcapitalized. One approach to capacity management is the purchase and permanent retirement of fishing vessels, fishing permits, or both under voluntary buyback programs. Representatives of the commercial shark fishery have proposed such an approach to manage the overcapacity in their fishery in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic regions. This program would allow owners to submit willingness-to-accept (WTA) bids for their permits and vessels. This study uses econometric modeling to explain the potential participation and bid amounts from a survey of permit owners.
Considerations in the Dairy Relocation Decision
Creators: name: Herbst, Brian K.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Bryant, Henry L.
name: Herbst, Brian K.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Anderson, David P.
name: Bryant, Henry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Historically, U.S. dairymen have been thought to move to a new location to seek better economic opportunities or to leave an area that has become disadvantaged due to regulation or economics. Recently, there again have been major shifts in dairy production across the United States.
Impact of September 11, 2001 on the Profitability Performance of the U.S. Trucking Industry
Creators: name: Muhammad, Safdar
name: Allen, Albert J.
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Muhammad, Safdar
name: Allen, Albert J.
name: Shaik, Saleem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Using an econometric model the economic impact of the September 11, 2001(9/11) terrorists' attacks on the U.S. homeland on the trucking transportation sector in the United States is examined. Also, the econometric model was modified to show how this event may have inflicted economic damage on the industry by regions.
Structural reliability analysis of Cross Laminated Timber plates subjected to bending.pdf
Creators: name: Vilela, Ramon
name: Nilson Tadeu Mascia
name: Santos, Luciano Ferreira Dos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Failure modes of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) plates reach by an excess of tensile stress on finger joints, shear stress on transverse layer due to rolling shear effect, and also by natural vibration. The Probability of Failure (POF) of CLT plates can be estimated from the probability distribution of its rupture and stiffness, as well as their correlation coefficients. In this context, the aim of this paper is to estimate the load capacity of Cross Laminated Timber plates from a specific probability of failure and the experimental results of mechanical and physical properties. For this purpose, CLT plates were manufactured with wood species of Pinus taeda L., originally from Brazilian reforestation. Four-point bending tests were conducted to investigate the failure behavior of the CLT plates. Density and moisture content were obtained from small specimens extracted from CLT plates. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to predict the probabilistic loads that produce the failure of CLT plates, considering the failure occasioned by natural vibration as well. Experimental and numerical results of the failure modes were compared and the maximum loads to an acceptable probability of failure of the several CLT lengths were estimated too
Lasmiditan in patients with common migraine comorbidities: a post hoc efficacy and safety analysis of two phase 3 randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Clemow, David B.
name: Baygani, Simin K.
name: Hauck, Paula M.
name: Hultman, Cory B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Determine whether common migraine comorbidities affect the efficacy and safety of lasmiditan, a 5-HT1F receptor agonist approved in the United States for the acute treatment of migraine. In SPARTAN and SAMURAI (double-blind Phase 3 clinical trials), patients with migraine were randomized to oral lasmiditan 50 mg (SPARTAN only), 100mg, 200 mg, or placebo. Lasmiditan increased the proportion of pain-free and most bothersome symptom (MBS)-free patients at 2 h after dose compared with placebo. Most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were dizziness, paraesthesia, somnolence, fatigue, nausea, muscular weakness, and hypoesthesia. Based upon literature review of common migraine comorbidities, Anxiety, Allergy, Bronchial, Cardiac, Depression, Fatigue, Gastrointestinal, Hormonal, Musculoskeletal/Pain, Neurological, Obesity, Sleep, and Vascular Comorbidity Groups were created. Using pooled results, efficacy and TEAEs were assessed to compare patients with or without a given common migraine comorbidity. To compare treatment groups, p-values were calculated for treatment-by-subgroup interaction, based on logistic regression with treatment-by-comorbidity condition status (Yes/No) as the interaction term; study, treatment group, and comorbidity condition status (Yes/No) were covariates. Differential treatment effect based upon comorbidity status was also examined. Trial registration at clinicaltrials.gov: SAMURAI (NCT02439320) and SPARTAN (NCT02605174). Across all the Comorbidity Groups, with the potential exception of fatigue, treatment-by-subgroup interaction analyses did not provide evidence of a lasmiditan-driven lasmiditan versus placebo differential treatment effect dependent on Yes versus No comorbidity subgroup for either efficacy or TEAE assessments. The efficacy and safety of lasmiditan for treatment of individual migraine attacks appear to be independent of comorbid conditions.
Threshold effects in relativistic gases
Creators: name: Begun, V. V.
name: Ferroni, L.
name: Gorenstein, M. I.
name: Gazdzicki, M.
name: Becattini, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle multiplicities and ratios in the microcanonical ensemble of relativistic gases near production thresholds are studied. It is shown that the ratio of heavy to light particle multiplicity may be enhanced in comparison to its thermodynamic limit.
description: 30 pages, 13 figures
Field-Scale Experimental Designs and Spatial Econometric Methods for Precision Farming: Strip-Trial Designs for Rice Production Decision Making
Creators: name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Griffin, Terry W.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Site-specific data is spatially variable, precluding traditional econometric analysis. Some field-scale experimental designs present logistical, operational and mathematical problems in estimating treatment differences, specifically when adjacent observations are of different treatments such as with strip-trial designs. A modified spatial interaction structure is presented to analyze strip-trial designs with spatial econometrics.
The newly discovered Be/X-ray binary Swift J004516.6-734703 in the SMC: witnessing the emergence of a circumstellar disc
Creators: name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Coe, M. J.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Monageng, I. M.
name: Townsend, L. J.
name: Siegel, M. H.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of Swift J004516.6-734703, a Be/X-ray binary system by the Swift SMC Survey, S-CUBED. Swift J004516.6-734703, or SXP 146.6, was found to be exhibiting a bright (~10^37 erg/s) X-ray outburst in 2020 June 18. The historical UV and IR light-curves from OGLE and Swift/UVOT showed that after a long period of steady brightness, it experienced a significant brightening beginning around 2019 March. This IR/UV rise is likely the signature of the formation of a circumstellar disc, confirmed by the presence of strong a Hα line in SALT spectroscopy, that was not previously present. Periodicity analysis of the OGLE data reveals a plausible 426 day binary period, and in the X-ray a pulsation period of 146.6s period is detected. The onset of X-ray emission from Swift J004516.6-734703 is likely the signature of a Type-I outburst from the first periastron passage of the neutron star companion through the newly formed circumstellar disc. We note that the formation of the circumstellar disc began at the predicted time of the previous periastron passage, suggesting its formation was spurred by tidal interaction with the neutron star.
description: 6 Pages, 7 Figures, 1 Table. Accepted by MNRAS
Choice of the Empirical Definition of Zero in the Translog Multiproduct Cost Functional Form
Creators: name: N'Guessan, Yapo G.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Cader, Hanas A.
name: N'Guessan, Yapo G.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Cader, Hanas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This study examines the impacts of empirical definition of zero output values on price elasticities, economy of scope, and scale using the Translog cost function. A system of cost and factor share equations with regularity conditions imposed is estimated. Results show that the choice of default values affects policy recommendations.
Non-Abelian Meissner Effect in Yang--Mills Theories at Weak Coupling
Creators: name: Gorsky, A.
name: Shifman, M.
name: Yung, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a weak-coupling Yang--Mills model supporting non-Abelian magnetic flux tubes and non-Abelian confined magnetic monopoles. In the dual description the magnetic flux tubes are prototypes of the QCD strings. Dualizing the confined magnetic monopoles we get gluelumps which convert a "QCD string" in the excited state to that in the ground state. Introducing a mass parameter m we discover a phase transition between the Abelian and non-Abelian confinement at a critical value m=m_* of order of Lambda. Underlying dynamics are governed by a Z_N symmetry inherent to the model under consideration. At m>m_* the Z_N symmetry is spontaneously broken, resulting in N degenerate Z_N (Abelian) strings. At m> 1.
description: Reference [45] corrected. Final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Food Programs, Family Demographics and Food Security of Children
Creators: name: Johnson, Jermisha D.
name: Wheelock, Gerald
name: Jones, Hezekiah
name: Johnson, Jermisha D.
name: Wheelock, Gerald
name: Jones, Hezekiah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Young families with least experienced parents (children 0-2) and more experienced parents (children 3-5) are compared on family demographics and food security of children among Food Stamp and WIC participants. Children of a never married, least experienced parent that uses FS exhibit the greatest degree of food insecurity. Children of a more experienced parent not receiving food stamps with less than high school diploma generally have the most hunger.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 01/27/06.
Paramedical students’ perceptions of research: a survey
Creators: name: Decullier, Evelyne
name: Tourmente, Bénédicte
name: Dessez, Barbara
name: Guilhot, Nicolas
name: Witko, Agnès
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: There is a general perception that research is underdeveloped in rehabilitation professions. However, a PubMed search found that the growth in publications in the rehabilitation field was twice that of the general medical field. Despite this growth, another study focusing on Europe found that the proportion of articles reporting on clinical research in the rehabilitation field remained low (less than 40% of articles). This could be due to lack of teaching about research in rehabilitation schools or the late introduction of such courses. Describe the students’ perceptions of research: their desire to conduct research, the usefulness of research and research competence. Questionnaire survey targeting all French paramedical students (speech therapy, occupational therapy, psychomotricity, audiometry, physiotherapy, orthoptics) in their final year of study in 2018-2019. Overall, 791 students completed the full survey representing a response rate of 36.3% of the students contacted. Only 34.3% of rehabilitation students were willing to conduct research despite finding it useful (98.6%). The main barrier was the preference for their core operational work (cited 444 times, representing 17.6% of citations). There was a significant relation between perceived competence and the attractiveness of research: 84% of the students not interested in research felt they were not competent to conduct research but this figure dropped to 57.6% amongst the students interested in research (OR 4.0; 95% CI 2.9-5.6). Using a multivariate analysis, we confirmed that the main incentive was feeling competent, as well as past contact with research and supervisors who promoted research work. Students have little contact with research during their internships, low perceived competence and, consequently, little desire to conduct research.
A Framework for Designing and Evaluating Solar Flare Forecasting Systems
Creators: name: Cinto, T.
name: Gradvohl, A. L. S.
name: Coelho, G. P.
name: da Silva, A. E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Disturbances in space weather can negatively affect several fields, including aviation and aerospace, satellites, oil and gas industries, and electrical systems, leading to economic and commercial losses. Solar flares are the most significant events that can affect the Earth's atmosphere, thus leading researchers to drive efforts on their forecasting. The related literature is comprehensive and holds several systems proposed for flare forecasting. However, most techniques are tailor-made and designed for specific purposes, not allowing researchers to customize them in case of changes in data input or in the prediction algorithm. This paper proposes a framework to design, train, and evaluate flare prediction systems which present promising results. Our proposed framework involves model and feature selection, randomized hyper-parameters optimization, data resampling, and evaluation under operational settings. Compared to baseline predictions, our framework generated some proof-of-concept models with positive recalls between 0.70 and 0.75 for forecasting $\geq M$ class flares up to 96 hours ahead while keeping the area under the ROC curve score at high levels.
Quantum Graphs II: Some spectral properties of quantum and combinatorial graphs
Creators: name: Kuchment, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q, 35P, 05C

description: The paper deals with some spectral properties of (mostly infinite) quantum and combinatorial graphs. Quantum graphs have been intensively studied lately due to their numerous applications to mesoscopic physics, nanotechnology, optics, and other areas. A Schnol type theorem is proven that allows one to detect that a point belongs to the spectrum when a generalized eigenfunction with an subexponential growth integral estimate is available. A theorem on spectral gap opening for ``decorated'' quantum graphs is established (its analog is known for the combinatorial case). It is also shown that if a periodic combinatorial or quantum graph has a point spectrum, it is generated by compactly supported eigenfunctions (``scars'').
description: 4 eps figures, LATEX file, 21 pages Revised form: a cut-and-paste blooper fixed
Synthesis of high-quality graphene via chemical vapor deposition
Creators: name: Lee, Byoungdo
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Graphene
Chemical vapor deposition
Factor analysis
Cooling rate
Copper wire
Anti-oxidation
Anti-corrosion

description: Due to its extraordinary properties, graphene has been attracting enormous interest for large-scale applications. Among preparation methods of graphene, low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) remains the most efficient and scalable method to produce high quality and cost-effective graphene in large size. Control over the high quality of graphene is indispensable to synthesize graphene by LPCVD. This research investigates a factor analysis affecting the graphene quality under five key LPCVD process parameters. These parameters are responsible for the graphene quality ranging from the number of graphene layers to the number of graphene grains. The statistical analysis on both the main process parameters and second-order interaction effects of experiment is conducted to review the interplay of LPCVD process parameters. Furthermore, cooling rate study discovers that fast cooling rate and temperature dependent gas feeding time are required to obtain monolayer graphene with high quality. Copper (Cu) wire is used in many electrical devices because of their inherent beneficial properties, but it is easily oxidized in air. Graphene is a good candidate for anti-corrosion and anti-oxidation due to its impermeability to oxygen or etchants and its atomically thin thickness. The following study characterizes the anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion performances of Cu wire with different numbers of graphene layers and grains. Monolayer, bilayer, and multilayer graphene are synthesized on bare Cu wire by adjusting growth parameters of LPCVD process. The higher number of graphene layers leads to low resistivity values at high temperatures due to the delay of the oxidation process of the Cu wire. The resistivity of twisted bare Cu wire pair is considerably higher than the twisted pair one covered with multilayer graphene. The lower cooling rate, the better protection effects against oxidation, leading to a small number of larger graphene grains. The etching time of Cu wire with multilayer-graphene protection doubles comparing to their bare Cu wire counterparts. This research provides not only guidelines to control the quality of graphene for large scale fabrication, but also baseline data for research on the temperature dependent anti-oxidation and anti-corrosion performances of multilayered graphene for Cu and Cu wires.
Lifting the Fruit and Vegetable Cropping Restriction: Potential Impacts on Cropping Preference in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas
Creators: name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Fumasi, Roland J.
name: Outlaw, Joe L.
name: Richardson, James W.
name: Fumasi, Roland J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: We estimate the effect of lifting the fruit and vegetable cropping restriction on cropping preference in the Lower Rio Grande Valley, using a stochastic simulation model and Stochastic Efficiency analysis. Results suggest that, based on risk-adjusted net returns, lifting the cropping restriction may likely have the most profound effect on watermelon and cabbage acreage.
Kernel Methods and their derivatives: Concept and perspectives for the Earth system sciences
Creators: name: Johnson, J. Emmanuel
name: Laparra, Valero
name: Pérez-Suay, Adrián
name: Mahecha, Miguel D.
name: Camps-Valls, Gustau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kernel methods are powerful machine learning techniques which implement generic non-linear functions to solve complex tasks in a simple way. They Have a solid mathematical background and exhibit excellent performance in practice. However, kernel machines are still considered black-box models as the feature mapping is not directly accessible and difficult to interpret.The aim of this work is to show that it is indeed possible to interpret the functions learned by various kernel methods is intuitive despite their complexity. Specifically, we show that derivatives of these functions have a simple mathematical formulation, are easy to compute, and can be applied to many different problems. We note that model function derivatives in kernel machines is proportional to the kernel function derivative. We provide the explicit analytic form of the first and second derivatives of the most common kernel functions with regard to the inputs as well as generic formulas to compute higher order derivatives. We use them to analyze the most used supervised and unsupervised kernel learning methods: Gaussian Processes for regression, Support Vector Machines for classification, Kernel Entropy Component Analysis for density estimation, and the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion for estimating the dependency between random variables. For all cases we expressed the derivative of the learned function as a linear combination of the kernel function derivative. Moreover we provide intuitive explanations through illustrative toy examples and show how to improve the interpretation of real applications in the context of spatiotemporal Earth system data cubes. This work reflects on the observation that function derivatives may play a crucial role in kernel methods analysis and understanding.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, PLOS One Journal
Survival analysis for all-cause revision following primary total hip arthroplasty with a medial collared, triple-tapered primary hip stem versus other implants in real-world settings
Creators: name: Abhishek S. Chitnis
name: Mantel, Jack
name: Ruppenkamp, Jill
name: Bourcet, Anh
name: Holy, Chantal E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Patients that undergo total hip replacement (THA) are at risk of revision surgery. This study evaluated the cumulative incidence of revision following a medial collared, triple tapered (MCTT) primary hip stem versus other implants in real-world settings using electronic medical records. This was a retrospective cohort study that used the Mercy Healthcare Systems – Orthopedics Database (MHSOD) to identify ACTIS total hip system, a MCTT primary hip stem for THA, and any other primary THA between 2016 and 2020. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of revision over time between the MCTT hip stem and other implants. In order to control for the confounding, a multivariable Cox model was developed to evaluate the risk of revision between the two groups. There were 1213 patients treated with MCTT hip stem and 6916 patients treated with other implants. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed statistically significant difference (p value = .006) in cumulative incidences for all-cause revisions between the MCTT hip stem and other implants. The cumulative incidence at 3 years was 1.08% (0.43–2.72%) for the MCTT hip stem, while it was 2.63% (2.19–3.16%) for other implants. After adjusting for patient demographics, clinical characteristics, prescribed medications, and surgeon characteristics, the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model showed the MCTT hip stem was statistically significantly associated with 57% lower risk of revisions compared with other implants (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19–0.97; p-value = .042). This real-world study found that the incidence of revision after treatment with MCTT primary hip stem was significantly lower than for other implants.
A Method for Determining the Physical Properties of the Coldest Known Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Burrows, Adam
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for measuring the physical parameters of the coldest T-type brown dwarfs using low resolution near infrared spectra. By comparing H_2O- and H_2-sensitive spectral ratios between empirical data and theoretical atmosphere models, and calibrating these ratios to measurements for the well-characterized 2-5 Gyr companion brown dwarf Gliese 570D, we derive estimates of the effective temperatures and surface gravities for 13 mid- and late-type field T dwarfs. We also deduce the first quantitative estimate of subsolar metallicity for the peculiar T dwarf 2MASS 0937+2931. Derived temperatures are consistent with prior estimates based on parallax and bolometric luminosity measurements, and examination of possible systematic effects indicate that the results are robust. Two recently discovered late-type T dwarfs, 2MASS 0939-2448 and 2MASS 1114-2618, both appear to be >50 K cooler than the latest-type T dwarf, 2MASS 0415-0935, and are potentially the coldest and least luminous brown dwarfs currently known. We find that, in general, higher surface gravity T dwarfs have lower effective temperatures and luminosities for a given spectral type, explaining previously observed scatter in the Teff/spectral type relation for these objects. Masses, radii and ages are estimated for the T dwarfs in our sample using the evolutionary models of Burrows et al.; we also determine masses and radii independently for eight T dwarfs with measured luminosities. These two determinations are largely consistent, lending support to the validity of evolutionary models at late ages. Our method is well suited to large samples of faint brown dwarfs, and can ultimately be used to directly measure the substellar mass function and formation history in the Galaxy.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures : A Game Theoretic Approach of Comparative Evaluation
Creators: name: Banerjee, Nandini
name: Kennedy, P. Lynn
name: Banerjee, Nandini
name: Kennedy, P. Lynn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper tries to assess the impact of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures in the context of agricultural imports. The WTO induced Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) policy is restrictive and it is affecting severely the exports from developing nations. This paper tries to explore whether there can be conditions under which certain restrictions can be mutually beneficial both for the exporter and the importer. A game theoretic model has been proposed to determine whether the policy in its current form generates mutually beneficial payoffs.
MAXALLIY XO'RAKI UZUM NAVLARINI SAVUTQICHLI OMBORLARDA SAQLASHDA SIFAT KO'RSATQICHLARINI O'RGANISHI
Creators: name: Mirzaev, R.O.
name: Mingboev, B.I.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: maqolada uzum mevasini dastlabki qayta ishlab sovutqichli omborlarga joylash saqlash jarayonida uzum mevasini kiyoviy tarkibini o‘zgarishlarini  mexanik va texnologik qo‘rsatqichlar o‘rganildi.
Positronium formation from valence and inner shells in noble gas atoms
Creators: name: Dunlop, L. J. M.
name: Gribakin, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When recent experimental positronium (Ps) formation cross sections in noble gases have been compared with the most up-to date theoretical studies, the agreement is qualitative, but not quantitative. In this paper we re-examine this process and show that at low energies Ps formation must be treated nonperturbatively. We also look at Ps formation with inner shell electrons.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Nuclear Instruments and Methods B
Evaluating Bohm's quantum force in the scattering process by a classical potential
Creators: name: Santana, Wanisson S.
name: Cruz, Clebson
name: Lima, Elisama
name: Prudente, Frederico V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we show an application of the de Broglie-Bohm Quantum Theory of Motion (QTM) as a powerful tool for evaluating Bohm's quantum force in the scattering process of a Gaussian wavepacket by a classical Eckart potential. Our results show that in the absence of a classical potential, the system experiences quantum effects arising from an effective force, intrinsically related to the existence of the wavepacket itself. In contrast, in the scattering by the classical potential, it experiences a quantum force effect even in the absence of any classical force, reinforcing the fact that potentials can act without classical force fields. Thus, this application could be useful to introduce QTM, through the discussion of the concept of Bohm's quantum force, as a classroom working tool instead of merely an alternative interpretation of the quantum theory.
Formation and Evolution of the Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Ahn, Kyungjin
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived the first, fully-cosmological, similarity solutions for CDM halo formation in the presence of nongravitational collisionality, which provides an analytical theory of the effect of the self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) hypothesis on halo density profiles. Collisions transport heat inward, which produces a constant-density core, while continuous infall pumps energy into the halo to stabilize the core against gravothermal catastrophe. These solutions improve upon earlier attempts to model the formation and evolution of SIDM halos, offer deeper insight than existing N-body experiments, and yield a more precise determination of the dependence of halo density profile on the value of the CDM self-interaction cross section. Different solutions arise for different values of the dimensionless collisionality parameter Q = s rho_b r_v \~ r_v/l_mfp, where s is the scattering cross section per unit mass, rho_b is the cosmic mean matter density, r_v is halo virial radius and l_mfp is the collision mean free path. The maximum flattening of central density occurs for an intermediate value of Q, Q_th, at which the halo is maximally relaxed to isothermality. The density profiles with constant-density cores preferred by dwarf and LSB rotation curves are best fit by the maximally-flattened (Q=Q_th) solution. If we assume that dwarfs and LSB galaxies formed at their typical collapse epoch in LCDM, then the value of s which makes Q=Q_th is s ~ 200 cm^{2}/g, much higher than previous estimates, s ~ 0.5-5 cm^{2}/g, based on N-body experiments. If s is independent of collision velocity, then the same value s ~ 200 cm^{2}/g would make Q>Q_th for clusters, which typically formed only recently, resulting in relatively less flattening of their central density profile and a smaller core.
description: Version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nonlinear current helicity fluxes in turbulent dynamos and alpha quenching
Creators: name: Subramanian, Kandaswamy
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large scale dynamos produce small scale current helicity as a waste product that quenches the large scale dynamo process (alpha effect). This quenching can be catastrophic (i.e.intensify with magnetic Reynolds number) unless one has fluxes of small scale magnetic (or current) helicity out of the system. We derive the form of helicity fluxes in turbulent dynamos, taking also into account the nonlinear effects of Lorentz forces due to fluctuating fields. We confirm the form of an earlier derived magnetic helicity flux term, and also show that it is not renormalized by the small scale magnetic field, just like turbulent diffusion. Additional nonlinear fluxes are identified, which are driven by the anisotropic and antisymmetric parts of the magnetic correlations. These could provide further ways for turbulent dynamos to transport out small scale magnetic helicity, so as to avoid catastrophic quenching.
description: 4 pages, Minor revisions to match version accepted in Physical Review Letters
Non-detection of Helium in the Upper Atmospheres of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets
Creators: name: Kasper, David
name: Bean, Jacob L.
name: Oklopčić, Antonija
name: Malsky, Isaac
name: Kempton, Eliza M. -R.
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Rogers, Leslie A.
name: Mansfield, Megan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for helium in the upper atmospheres of three sub-Neptune size planets to investigate the origins of these ubiquitous objects. The detection of helium for a low density planet would be strong evidence for the presence of a primary atmosphere accreted from the protoplanetary nebula because large amounts of helium are not expected in the secondary atmospheres of rocky planets. We used Keck+NIRSPEC to obtain high-resolution transit spectroscopy of the planets GJ1214b, GJ9827d, and HD97658b around the 10,833 Ang He triplet feature. We did not detect helium absorption for any of the planets despite achieving a high level of sensitivity. We used the non-detections to set limits on the planets' thermosphere temperatures and atmospheric loss rates by comparing grids of 1D models to the data. We also performed coupled interior structure and atmospheric loss calculations, which suggest that the bulk atmospheres (winds) of the planets would be at most modestly enhanced (depleted) in helium relative to their primordial composition. Our lack of detections of the helium triplet for GJ1214b and GJ9827d are highly inconsistent with the predictions of models for the present day mass loss on these planets. Higher signal-to-noise data would be needed to detect the helium feature predicted for HD97658b. We identify uncertainties in the EUV fluxes of the host stars and the lack of detailed mass loss models specifically for cool and metal-enhanced atmospheres as the main limitations to the interpretation of our results. Ultimately, our results suggest that the upper atmospheres of sub-Neptune planets are fundamentally different than those of gas giant planets.
description: AJ in press
Realizable hyperuniform and nonhyperuniform particle configurations with targeted spectral functions via effective pair interactions
Creators: name: Zhang, Ge
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The capacity to identify realizable many-body configurations associated with targeted functional forms for the pair correlation function $g_2(r)$ or its corresponding structure factor $S(k)$ is of great fundamental and practical importance. A major aim of this paper is to expand our theoretical knowledge of the class of pair correlation functions or structure factors that are realizable by classical disordered ensembles of particle configurations. We first introduce a theoretical formalism that provides a means to draw classical particle configurations from canonical ensembles with certain pairwise-additive potentials that could correspond to targeted analytical functional forms for the structure factor. This formulation enables us to devise an improved algorithm to construct systematically canonical-ensemble particle configurations with such targeted pair statistics. We test the algorithm by targeting several different structure factors across dimensions that are known to be realizable and one hyperuniform target that is known to be nontrivially unrealizable. Subsequently, we also target several families of structure-factor functions that meet the known necessary realizability conditions but were heretofore not known to be realizable. Moreover, we also explore unusual nonhyperuniform targets, including "hyposurficial" and "anti-hyperuniform" examples. In all of these instances, the targeted structure factors were achieved with high accuracy, suggesting that they are indeed realizable by equilibrium configurations with pairwise interactions at positive temperatures. Our findings lead us to the conjecture that any realizable structure factor corresponding to either a translationally invariant equilibrium or nonequilibrium system can be attained by an equilibrium ensemble involving only effective pair interactions.
Mass Generation in Perturbed Massless Integrable Models
Creators: name: Controzzi, D.
name: Mussardo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend form-factor perturbation theory to non--integrable deformations of massless integrable models, in order to address the problem of mass generation in such systems. With respect to the standard renormalisation group analysis this approach is more suitable for studying the particle content of the perturbed theory. Analogously to the massive case, interesting information can be obtained already at first order, such as the identification of the operators which create a mass gap and those which induce the confinement of the massless particles in the perturbed theory.
The hierarchy recurrences in local relaxation
Creators: name: Li, Sheng-Wen
name: Sun, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inside a closed many-body system undergoing the unitary evolution, a small partition of the whole system exhibits a local relaxation. If the total degrees of freedom of the whole system is a large but finite number, such a local relaxation would come across a recurrence after a certain time, namely, the dynamics of the local system suddenly appear random after a well-ordered oscillatory decay process. It is found in this paper, for a collection of $N$ two-level systems (TLSs), the local relaxation of one TLS within has a hierarchy structure hiding in the randomness after such a recurrence: similar recurrences appear in a periodical way, and the later recurrence brings in stronger randomness than the previous one. Both analytical and numerical results that we obtained well explains such hierarchy recurrences: the population of the local TLS (as an open system) diffuses out and regathers back periodically due the finite-size effect of the bath [the remaining $(N-1)$ TLSs]. We also find that the total correlation entropy, which sums up the entropy of all the $N$ TLSs, approximately exhibit a monotonic increase; in contrast, the entropy of each single TLS increases and decreases from time to time, and the entropy of the whole $N$-body system keeps constant during the unitary evolution.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, comments are welcome