title: Résumé de deux mémoires de recherche autour des conséquences environnementales des briqueteries à Khartoum
Creators: name: Abu Shura, Rabia Sayed Ahmad Mohamed Ali
name: Mohamed, Ishraqa Al Amin Ahmad
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022

description: Pages de titre et résumés anglais de:
- Mohamed, Ishraqa Al Amin Ahmad. 1997. « L’industrie de la brique rouge dans l’État de Khartoum. Cas d’étude de la zone de Al Gereif Sharg. » (صناعة الطوب الأحمر بولاية الخرطوم - حالة دراسية لمنطقة الجريف شرج). University of Khartoum. http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/items/529bff60-941b-4695-9ef7-54ced8907fea (p. 1-2).
- Abu Shura, Rabia Sayed Ahmad Mohamed Ali. 2000. « Les conséquences de la pollution causée par les usines traditionnelles de brique, les élevages d’animaux et les pneus de voitures sur les habitants de Hillat Koko. » (أثر التلوث الناتج عن مصانع الطوب التقليدية وحظائر الحيوانات وعوادم السيارات على سكان حلة كوكو) Undergraduate Dissertation, Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment and Ecology. University of Khartoum. http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/items/e3caca38-16e9-4d19-a36c-9fb7ec2d63b6 (p. 3-4).
description: Résumé de deux mémoires de recherche (Mohamed 1997 ; Abu Shura, 2000)
Résumé 1 : L’industrie de la brique rouge dans l’État de Khartoum. Cas d’étude de la zone de Al Gereif Sharg [The red brick industry in Khartoum State. Case study of the Algrief Sharaq area]
Tiré de : Mohamed, Ishraqa Al Amin Ahmad. 1997. « L’industrie de la brique rouge dans l’État de Khartoum. Cas d’étude de la zone de Al Gereif Sharg. » (صناعة الطوب الأحمر بولاية الخرطوم - حالة دراسية لمنطقة الجريف شرج). University of Khartoum. http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/items/529bff60-941b-4695-9ef7-54ced8907fea.
Abstract
This research is about the Red Bricks industry in “Algrief Sharaq” area, based on analysing the data obtained by the researcher through the filed survey and the kilns’ Owners Union.
The study showed the main stages of red briks industry and confirmed that it is a traditional industry associated with the life of the people of the area. This industry occupies a leading position in red bricks then production in Khartoum State. Its production is estimated at 62% of the states’ total production.
The study showed that the raw material used in red bricks production is basically of volcanic origin, deposited annually by the Blue Nile its banks.
These materials are divided according to physical and chemical characteristics into three categories locally known as Balabati, Zafot and Gurera with diminishing suitability for production respectively.
The study indicated that this industry depends on other factors of production besides the type of mud. Such as labour, energy and capital labour does not need technical skill rather it requires experience and as such it is considered the most costly factor of production.
The energy needed for firing process in mainly from wood A. Nilotic type is the best type used in winter when tempretures are low, while A. Syal Ziziphus Spinachristi, A. Senegal arc used in summer.
Furthermore, an organic material (Zibala) is added to the mud to prevent cracking and breaking and to help in bonding of the brick parts.
Capital is required for the continuity of the production proecess which is affected by the demand from one year to another. It is revealed that bricks production started to decrease since early 1990s as a result of low demand due to deteriorating economic conditions in the country. The present trend however, shows that demand is expected to rise.
The study showed that the East Nile Province is considered the largest consumer of wood (69%) of the State’s consumption.
The kilns’ owners argued that obtaining wood is the main constraint threatening the continuity of the industry. In the seventies wood was obtained 5-10 kilometers from Algrief Sharaq area. Now it is 600-800 k/m away, in Sinnar and Blue Nile States.
According to the above results, the researcher thinks that this industry could be improved by partial introduction of the machine in the industrial processes, and improving of types, quality of the bricks and attempts to find low cost alternatives to fuel wood.
Résumé 2 : Les conséquences de la pollution causée par les usines traditionnelles de brique, les élevages d’animaux et les pneus de voitures sur les habitants de Hillat Koko [The impact of pollution from traditional brick factories, animal farms and car tyres on the people of Hilat Kuku]
Tiré de : Abu Shura, Rabia Sayed Ahmad Mohamed Ali. 2000. « Les conséquences de la pollution causée par les usines traditionnelles de brique, les élevages d’animaux et les pneus de voitures sur les habitants de Hillat Koko. » (أثر التلوث الناتج عن مصانع الطوب التقليدية وحظائر الحيوانات وعوادم السيارات على سكان حلة كوكو) Undergraduate Dissertation, Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environment and Ecology. University of Khartoum. http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/items/e3caca38-16e9-4d19-a36c-9fb7ec2d63b6.
Abstract
This study aims at exposing the negative nature of traditional red-brick industry and the residues of animal waste and exhaust pipe (lead) on the environment of Khartoum North, the determination of their size, and their impacts on population.
The study adopts the empirical analytic, and descriptive approaches. The data required are collected through the standard method The research is divided into five chapters. Chapter one, contains the research plan, perspective and literature review. Chapter two, includes the theoretical framework which deals with the theories and concepts that tackle pollution environmental sanitation. Chapter three, accounts for the physical and human aspects of the study area which has impact on pollution and the environment.
Chapter four shows the pollution caused by the traditional brick factories and the animal waste; and their impact on the population in the study area. Chapter five contains the results of the research and the recommendations. The most important findings of the research are that the traditional brick industry smoke and the animal waste are considered the main source of hazards in the study area. This greatly affected the people in the study area, the most afflicted area of which is the old Kuku quarter. Furthermore, the study also reached the conclusion that the lead element does not pose any troubles for the market of Hilat Kuku.
Further findings indicate that this pollution had caused some diseases to the residents of the study area, such as, allergia, tonsillitis, rash and trachoma. The number of the person afflicted reached 48.2% of the sample of the study.
The research recommends that it is important to reduce the amount of gases and vapour in the air, through the use of alternative materials for burning. This would lead to the concentration of gas in the level prescribed in international standards or close to it. Further, similar studies are also needed to study such impact, not only on the sector of industry, but also on other sectors. It is also recommended to introduce the environmental dimensions in schools, universities and other educational institutions curricula so as to develop the orientations, concepts and capacities pertaining to the environment, amongst the members of society.