Speonemadus gracilis
Creators: name: Fresneda, Javier
name: Faille, Arnaud
name: Fery, Hans
name: Ribera, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Leiodidae
Speonemadus
Speonemadus gracilis

description: Speonemadus gracilis (Kraatz, 1870) stat. rest.
Figs 7, 15, 29
Choleva gracilis Kraatz, 1870: 99.
Anemadus vandalitiae (Heyden); Reitter 1885: 60 (partim)
Type locality: "bei Cordova" [= near Córdoba], Spain (Kraatz 1870).
Type series: Lectotype (Fig. 29): ♂, "Cordoba Dieck" [hw?], " Syntypus " [red label], " gracilis Kraatz 1870, Cordoba Dieck" [hw Kraatz], "(Anemadus), Hormosacus, vandalitiae Heyd., det K. Sokolowski " [first and last line
Remarks. Since Reitter (1885: 60) the species was considered to be a synonym of S. vandalitiae, but, in addition to the differences revealed by the molecular data (see below), there are also some clear morphological differences based on the study of the lectotype of S. vandalitiae: (1) in S. gracilis the external side of the protibiae has no nodules and the setae are inserted directly on the tegument; in S. vandalitiae the external side of the protibiae has a series of minute nodules with setae inserted on them; (2) in S. gracilis the antennomeres VIII–XI are longer than wide, while in S. vandalitiae they are transverse, almost as wide as long; (3) in S. gracilis the apex of the parameres is more pointed than in S. vandalitiae (compare Figs 15, 17). In both species the parameres are slender and much longer than the median lobe (compare Figs 7, 10). In S. gracilis the apex of the median lobe is also more elongate, with subparallel margins, while in S. vandalitiae it is shorter and with obtuse margins. Molecular data place S. gracilis as sister to S. tenuipes and not to S. vandalitiae.
Distribution (Fig. 39; Appendix). Iberian endemic. The only published data under the name S. gracilis was the type locality (near Córdoba) in the original description (Kraatz 1870). All subsequent records were published under S. vandalitiae (e.g. Ribera 1970; Blas 1976, 1977, 1979; Tinaut 1998; Pérez & Tinaut 2005; Pérez & Pérez 2006; Fresneda et al. 2007; Sáez & Blanco 2010; Pérez 2015; Fresneda & Salgado 2017). We have seen material from Albacete, Badajoz, Córdoba, Cuenca, Jaén, Madrid, Málaga, Murcia and Valencia, through the Betic Sierras, Sierra Morena, the Iberian System, the Tajo basin, and the Central System (Guadarrama). Its precise distribution is still unknown, as some records under S. vandalitiae may correspond to this species. Thus, there are unchecked records of S. vandalitiae or S. gracilis from Álava, Asturias, Ávila, Badajoz, Cádiz, Cantabria, Córdoba, La Coruña, Cuenca, Granada, Jaén, León, Lugo, Madrid, Orense, Palencia, Rioja, Segovia, Soria, Tarragona, Teruel, Valencia and from the Balearic Islands (Mallorca); from Portugal in Beira Alta, Beira Litoral and Trás-os-Montes (Heyden 1881; Reitter 1885; Uhagón 1890, 1898; Fuente 1925; Martínez de la Escalera 1927; Jeannel 1936; Seabra 1943; Cobos 1954; Coiffait 1954; Ribera 1970; Blas 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981a, 1981b, 1984, 1985, 1992; Salgado 1985, 1996; Tizado et al. 1995; Salgado & Fernández 1998; Tinaut 1998; Tizado & Salgado 2000; Pérez & Tinaut 2005; Pérez & Pérez 2006; Agirre & Blas 2009; Sáez & Blanco 2010; Fresneda et al. 2007, 2011; Fresneda 2013; Pérez et al. 2013; Faria e Silva et al. 2013; Pérez 2015; Fresneda & Salgado 2017) (see the Appendix for more details on the localities).
description: Published as part of Fresneda, Javier, Faille, Arnaud, Fery, Hans & Ribera, Ignacio, 2019, A molecular phylogeny of Speonemadus Jeannel, 1922 with description of two new species from Morocco (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Anemadini), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4543 (1) on pages 11-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4543.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2617607