cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mathematics Is Physics
Creators: name: Leifer, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this essay, I argue that mathematics is a natural science---just like physics, chemistry, or biology---and that this can explain the alleged "unreasonable" effectiveness of mathematics in the physical sciences. The main challenge for this view is to explain how mathematical theories can become increasingly abstract and develop their own internal structure, whilst still maintaining an appropriate empirical tether that can explain their later use in physics. In order to address this, I offer a theory of mathematical theory-building based on the idea that human knowledge has the structure of a scale-free network and that abstract mathematical theories arise from a repeated process of replacing strong analogies with new hubs in this network. This allows mathematics to be seen as the study of regularities, within regularities, within ..., within regularities of the natural world. Since mathematical theories are derived from the natural world, albeit at a much higher level of abstraction than most other scientific theories, it should come as no surprise that they so often show up in physics. This version of the essay contains an addendum responding to Slyvia Wenmackers' essay and comments that were made on the FQXi website.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX. Second prize winner in 2015 FQXi Essay Contest (see http://fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/2364)
Physical activity and FTO genotype by physical activity interactive influences on obesity
Creators: name: Chittoor, Geetha
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Although the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene on adiposity is well established, there is a lack of evidence whether physical activity (PA) modifies the effect of FTO variants on obesity in Latino populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine PA influences and interactive effects between FTO variants and PA on measures of adiposity in Latinos. Results After controlling for age and sex, participants who did not engage in regular PA exhibited higher BMI, fat mass, HC, and WC with statistical significance (P < 0.001). Although significant associations between the three FTO genotypes and adiposity measures were found, none of the FTO genotype by PA interaction assessments revealed nominally significant associations. However, several of such interactive influences exhibited considerable trend towards association. Conclusions These data suggest that adiposity measures are associated with PA and FTO variants in Latinos, but the impact of their interactive influences on these obesity measures appear to be minimal. Future studies with large sample sizes may help to determine whether individuals with specific FTO variants exhibit differential responses to PA interventions.
title: Role of Communication and Team-Working in Radiology Department
Creators: name: Antoniutti, Martina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Education
subject: Experimental
subject: Management

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To prevent and contain adverse events in Radiology it is necessary to have a properly organized team of health professionals that must be able to use an adequate and relevant process of communication among themselves and also with...
title: Are we over-utilising abdominal radiographs for acute surgical admissions with abdominal pain in Ipswich Hospital NHS trust -a retrospective audit
Creators: name: Dewell, Celia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Acute

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: There was concern that abdominal xrays (AXR) were being requested inappropriately. The Royal College of Radiologists (RCR) set criteria for requesting AXR. Campbell et al showed in a large study of 5080 patients that over 85% of the AXR reviewed...
title: Linking Wealth and Power: Direct Political Action of Corporate Elites and the Wealthiest Capitalist Families in the United States and Germany (CRIS Papers, n°5)
Creators: name: Arndt, Lukas
Publisher: name: Sciences Po - CRIS
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 5.4
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 5.2
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This study inquires whether two groups of individuals with power in the economy directly translate it into political power in capitalist democracies: The corporate elite and super-rich capitalist families. It does so by analyzing three potential “avenues of influence”: Lobbying or party donations through controlled firms, and individual party donations. Shareholders and managers of the largest 1,091,151 German and US firms (from the ORBIS database) are analyzed. First, 6,227 members of 1,854 US and German families with an estimated family net worth of at least 250 million USD or EUR are identified. Second, the national corporate elites are identified. Individual and firm data is then used to predict lobbying and party contribution in 2019-2021 with logistic regressions. Results suggest that direct political action on the part of the super-rich and the corporate elite is much more prevalent and more ideological in the United States than in Germany. If they engage at all, the super-rich tend to be a very conservative group who use all three avenues of influence complementarily. However, the magnitude of super-rich and elite money does not favor the idea of an “oligarchy” in either of the two countries, at least not through these direct and visible channels.
Effects of dynamic synapses on noise-delayed response latency of a single neuron
Creators: name: Uzuntarla, M.
name: Ozer, M.
name: Ileri, U.
name: Calim, A.
name: Torres, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noise-delayed decay (NDD) phenomenon emerges when the first-spike latency of a periodically forced stochastic neuron exhibits a maximum for a particular range of noise intensity. Here, we investigate the latency response dynamics of a single Hodgkin-Huxley neuron that is subject to both a suprathreshold periodic stimulus and a background activity arriving through dynamic synapses. We study the first spike latency response as a function of the presynaptic firing rate f. This constitutes a more realistic scenario than previous works, since f provides a suitable biophysically realistic parameter to control the level of activity in actual neural systems. We first report on the emergence of classical NDD behavior as a function of f for the limit of static synapses. Secondly, we show that when short-term depression and facilitation mechanisms are included at synapses, different NDD features can be found due to the their modulatory effect on synaptic current fluctuations. For example a new intriguing double NDD (DNDD) behavior occurs for different sets of relevant synaptic parameters. Moreover, depending on the balance between synaptic depression and synaptic facilitation, single NDD or DNDD can prevails, in such a way that synaptic facilitation favors the emergence of DNDD whereas synaptic depression favors the existence of single NDD. This is the first time it has been reported the existence of DNDD effect in response latency dynamics of a neuron.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Heritability of Scale-free fMRI Brain Dynamics in Adolescents
Creators: name: Ceru, Jonathan
name: Stier, Andrew
name: Rosenberg, Monica
name: Berman, Marc
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mental Disorders
subject: Cognitive Neuroscience
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Biological Psychology
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: ABCD Study
subject: factal scaling
subject: functional magnetic resonance imaging
subject: heritability
subject: hurst
subject: psychopathology
subject: scale-free
subject: scale-invariance

description: Heritability analysis of scale-free brain dynamics in adolescents leveraging data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study for classical ACE twin modeling.
title: Gas bubbles in the abdomen and pelvis: spectrum of diseases with imaging findings
Creators: name: Furuya, Kiyomi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Acute
subject: Abscess
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. To present a wide variety of diseases that show gas bubbles in the abdomen and pelvis. 2. To better understand the diseases that cause gas bubbles in the abdomen and pelvis. 3. To assess the diagnostic value of multidetector-row CT (MDCT)...
${\mathcal{PT}}$ symmetry breaking in waveguide arrays with competing loss/gain pairs
Creators: name: Kalozoumis, P. A.
name: Morfonios, C. V.
name: Diakonos, F. K.
name: Schmelcher, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a periodic waveguide array whose unit cell consists of a $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric quadrimer with two competing loss/gain parameter pairs which lead to qualitatively different symmetry-broken phases. It is shown that the transitions between the phases are described by a symmetry-adapted nonlocal current which maps the spectral properties to the spatially resolved field, for the lattice as well as for the isolated quadrimer. Its site-average acts like a natural order parameter for the general class of one-dimensional $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonians, vanishing in the unbroken phase and being nonzero in the broken phase. We investigate how the beam dynamics in the array is affected by the presence of competing loss/gain rates in the unit cell, showing that the enriched band structure yields the possibility to control the propagation length before divergence when the system resides in the broken $\mathcal{PT}$ phase.
description: 8 pages,6 figures
title: Differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions.
Creators: name: Alandete, Salvador Pascual
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: eLearning
subject: Education
subject: Cysts

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Understand and identify the different both benign and malignant intracranial cystic lesions and a review of these lesions by age of onset, location and radiographic appearance to make a correct differential...
Iterative algorithms for weighted and unweighted finite-rank time-series approximations
Creators: name: Zvonarev, Nikita
name: Golyandina, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of time series approximation by series of finite rank is considered from the viewpoint of signal extraction. For signal estimation, a weighted least-squares method is applied to the trajectory matrix of the considered time series. Matrix weights are chosen to obtain equal or approximately equal weights in the equivalent problem of time-series least-squares approximation. Several new methods are suggested and examined together with the Cadzow's iterative method. The questions of convergence, computational complexity, and accuracy are considered for the proposed methods. The methods are compared on numeric examples.
Modeling and Analysis of SiNW BioFET as Molecular Antenna for Bio-Cyber Interfaces towards the Internet of Bio-NanoThings
Creators: name: Kuscu, Murat
name: Akan, Ozgur B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seamless connection of molecular nanonetworks to macroscale cyber networks is envisioned to enable the Internet of Bio-NanoThings, which promises for cutting-edge applications, especially in the medical domain. The connection requires the development of an interface between the biochemical domain of molecular nanonetworks and the electrical domain of conventional electromagnetic networks. To this aim, in this paper, we propose to exploit field effect transistor based biosensors (bioFETs) to devise a molecular antenna capable of transducing molecular messages into electrical signals. In particular, focusing on the use of SiNW FET-based biosensors as molecular antennas, we develop deterministic and noise models for the antenna operation to provide a theoretical framework for the optimization of the device from communication perspective. We numerically evaluate the performance of the antenna in terms of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at the electrical output.
description: to appear in Proc. IEEE WF-IoT 2015, Milan, Italy, Dec. 2015
The substantia nigra pars reticulata in silico
Creators: name: Thompson, William Scott
name: Hjorth, Johannes
name: Kozlov, Alexander
name: Hellgren Kotaleski, Jeanette
name: Grillner, Sten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Presentation at the Congress for Clinical Neuroscience with Advanced Training Academy (DGKN23) of the German Society for Clinical Neurophysiology and Functional Neuroimaging (DGKN) e.V., Hamburg, Germany, March 2-4, 2023.
title: Higher Data Reliability of Blinded Independent Central Review Compared with Local Evaluation
Creators: name: Sargsyan-Storim, Lilit
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Workforce
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Outcomes
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: PET
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Professional issues

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Demonstration of assessment discrepancies between Local Evaluation (LE) and Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) in clinical trials with required radiological eligibility and disease progression confirmation based on substantial advantages of...
title: Feasibility of the T2 ratio technique and diffusion-weighted imaging to differentiate between hepatic hemangiomas and focal malignant hepatic tumors.
Creators: name: Nakai, Go
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Haemangioma
subject: Screening
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: Liver

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Hemangiomas are the most common focal liver lesion and are present in 4% to 20% of the population(1). Consequently, these tumors are often incidentally detected in asymptomatic patients undergoing radiologic imaging tests of the abdomen for other...
title: Radiologic - Endosonographic correlation of cystic pancreatic tumors
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Cysts
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Pancreas
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the morphologic features of different types of cystic pancreatic tumors, based on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and endoscopic ultrasonography. To review the guidelines for management and the basic treatment...
The transcriptome of a complete episode of acute otitis media
Creators: name: Hernandez, Michelle
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Background Otitis media is the most common disease of childhood, and represents an important health challenge to the 10-15% of children who experience chronic/recurrent middle ear infections. The middle ear undergoes extensive modifications during otitis media, potentially involving changes in the expression of many genes. Expression profiling offers an opportunity to discover novel genes and pathways involved in this common childhood disease. The middle ears of 320 WBxB6 F1 hybrid mice were inoculated with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) or PBS (sham control). Two independent samples were generated for each time point and condition, from initiation of infection to resolution. RNA was profiled on Affymetrix mouse 430 2.0 whole-genome microarrays. Results Approximately 8% of the sampled transcripts defined the signature of acute NTHi-induced otitis media across time. Hierarchical clustering of signal intensities revealed several temporal gene clusters. Network and pathway enrichment analysis of these clusters identified sets of genes involved in activation of the innate immune response, negative regulation of immune response, changes in epithelial and stromal cell markers, and the recruitment/function of neutrophils and macrophages. We also identified key transcriptional regulators related to events in otitis media, which likely determine the expression of these gene clusters. A list of otitis media susceptibility genes, derived from genome-wide association and candidate gene studies, was significantly enriched during the early induction phase and the middle re-modeling phase of otitis but not in the resolution phase. Our results further indicate that positive versus negative regulation of inflammatory processes occur with highly similar kinetics during otitis media, underscoring the importance of anti-inflammatory responses in controlling pathogenesis. Conclusions The results characterize the global gene response during otitis media and identify key signaling and transcription factor networks that control the defense of the middle ear against infection. These networks deserve further attention, as dysregulated immune defense and inflammatory responses may contribute to recurrent or chronic otitis in children.
Exact results for Schrödinger cats in driven-dissipative systems and their feedback control
Creators: name: Minganti, F.
name: Bartolo, N.
name: Lolli, J.
name: Casteels, W.
name: Ciuti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum optics, photonic Schrödinger cats are superpositions of two coherent states with opposite phases and with a significant number of photons. Recently, these states have been observed in the transient dynamics of driven-dissipative resonators subject to engineered two-photon processes. Here we present an exact analytical solution of the steady-state density matrix for this class of systems, including one-photon losses, which are considered detrimental for the achievement of cat states. We demonstrate that the unique steady state is a statistical mixture of two cat-like states with opposite parity, in spite of significant one-photon losses. The transient dynamics to the steady state depends dramatically on the initial state and can pass through a metastable regime lasting orders of magnitudes longer than the photon lifetime. By considering individual quantum trajectories in photon-counting configuration, we find that the system intermittently jumps between two cats. Finally, we propose and study a feedback protocol based on this behaviour to generate a pure cat-like steady state.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, in press on Scientific Reports
The links between mindfulness training and social change. A scoping review
Creators: name: Callen-Davies, Robert
name: crane, rebecca
name: griffith, gemma
name: Bristow, Jamie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Mindfulness
subject: Scoping Review Protocol
subject: Social Change

description: Mindfulness-based programs have an established and growing evidence base as therapeutic intervention for individuals experiencing physical and mental health problems, with some emerging evidence that mindfulness training contributes to social change and enhances pro-sociality. The potential of mindfulness training in the the development of inner resources that informs responses to social change is what this work will seek to explore and examine.
title: Utility of radiologic imaging in the diagnosis and follow up of normal pressure hydrocephalus
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Cristina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Cerebrospinal fluid
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To evaluate the utility of imaging features in the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and in predicting the outcome after ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). To illustrate the radiological changes after surgery. To investigate whether...
title: Quantitative assessment of right ventricular function and pulmonary regurgitation in surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot using 256-slice CT: comparison with 3-Tesla MRI
Creators: name: Yamasaki, Yuzo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Congenital
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: MR
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CT
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Advances in medical treatment, cardiac surgery, intensive care and non-invasive diagnosis over the last 50 years have led to enormous worldwide growth in the number of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) (1). The prevalence of CHD in adults...
LHC Benchmark Scenarios for the Real Higgs Singlet Extension of the Standard Model
Creators: name: Robens, Tania
name: Stefaniak, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present benchmark scenarios for searches for an additional Higgs state in the real Higgs singlet extension of the Standard Model in Run 2 of the LHC. The scenarios are selected such that they fulfill all relevant current theoretical and experimental constraints, but can potentially be discovered at the current LHC run. We take into account the results presented in earlier work and update the experimental constraints from relevant LHC Higgs searches and signal rate measurements. The benchmark scenarios are given separately for the low mass and high mass region, i.e. the mass range where the additional Higgs state is lighter or heavier than the discovered Higgs state at around 125 GeV. They have also been presented in the framework of the LHC Higgs Cross Section Working Group.
description: 23 pages, 9 tables, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1501.02234; v2: one subsection, one figure, and some references added, minor errors corrected. Corresponds to published journal version
title: Uncommon Parasitic Infection: Fascioliasis.
Creators: name: Quintana Rodríguez, Isabel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Infection
subject: Parasites

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Review radiological findings by ultrasound and CT scan of the Fasciola hepatica infection. Show key points for the early diagnosis, detection of possible complications, and differential...
Thermopower analysis of metal-insulator transition temperature modulations in vanadium dioxide thin films with lattice distortion
Creators: name: Katase, Takayoshi
name: Endo, Kenji
name: Ohta, Hiromichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Insulator-to-metal (MI) phase transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films with controlled lattice distortion was investigated by thermopower measurements. VO2 epitaxial films with different crystallographic orientations, grown on (0001) alpha-Al2O3, (11-20) alpha-Al2O3, and (001) TiO2 substrates, showed significant decrease of absolute value of Seebeck coefficient (S) from ~200 to 23 microV K-1, along with a sharp drop in electrical resistivity (rho), due to the transition from an insulator to a metal. The MI transition temperatures observed both in rho (Trho) and S (TS) for the VO2 films systematically decrease with lattice shrinkage in the pseudo-rutile structure along c-axis, accompanying a broadening of the MI transition temperature width. Moreover, the onset TS, where the insulating phase starts to become metallic, is much lower than onset Trho. This difference is attributed to the sensitivity of S for the detection of hidden metallic domains in the majority insulating phase, which cannot be detected in rho-measurements. Consequently, S-measurements provide a straightforward and excellent approach for a deeper understanding of the MI transition process in VO2.
description: To be published in Physical Review B
Craniosacral therapy for migraine: protocol development for an exploratory controlled clinical trial
Creators: name: Gaylord, Susan A
name: Mann, J Douglas
name: Suchindran, Chirayath
name: Faurot, Keturah R
name: Coeytaux, Remy R
name: Curtis, Peter
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Background Migraine affects approximately 20% of the population. Conventional care for migraine is suboptimal; overuse of medications for the treatment of episodic migraines is a risk factor for developing chronic daily headache. The study of non-pharmaceutical approaches for prevention of migraine headaches is therefore warranted. Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a popular non-pharmacological approach to the treatment or prevention of migraine headaches for which there is limited evidence of safety and efficacy. In this paper, we describe an ongoing feasibility study to assess the safety and efficacy of CST in the treatment of migraine, using a rigorous and innovative randomized controlled study design involving low-strength static magnets (LSSM) as an attention control intervention. Methods The trial is designed to test the hypothesis that, compared to those receiving usual care plus a treatment with low-strength static magnets (attention-control complementary therapy), subjects receiving usual medical care plus CST will demonstrate significant improvement in: quality-of-life as measured by the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6); reduced frequency of migraine; and a perception of clinical benefit. Criteria for inclusion are either gender, age > 11, English or Spanish speaking, meeting the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria for migraine with or without aura, a headache frequency of 5 to 15 per month over at least two years. After an 8 week baseline phase, eligible subjects are randomized to either CST or an attention control intervention, low strength static magnets (LSSM). To evaluate possible therapist bias, videotaped encounters are analyzed to assess for any systematic group differences in interactions with subjects. Results 169 individuals have been screened for eligibility, of which 109 were eligible for the study. Five did not qualify during the baseline phase because of inadequate headache frequency. Nineteen have withdrawn from the study after giving consent. Conclusion This report endorses the feasibility of undertaking a rigorous randomized clinical trial of CST for migraine using a standardized CST protocol and an innovative control protocol developed for the study. Subjects are able and willing to complete detailed headache diaries during an 8-week baseline period, with few dropouts during the study period, indicating the acceptability of both interventions. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00665236
title: Effect of flip angle, scan delay time, and liver function on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI) for detection of hepatocellular carcinomas
Creators: name: Matsuura, Noriaki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR
subject: Liver
subject: Abdomen
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: EOB-MRI plays an important rolein detecting the hepatocellular carcinoma[1-2].In the hepatobiliary phase(HBP), the tumordoesnot show enhancement effectwhile liver parenchyma is well enhanced making it easy to detect the lesion. But HBP requires...
DB white dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 10 and 12
Creators: name: Koester, Detlev
name: Kepler, S. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: White dwarfs with helium-dominated atmospheres comprise approximately 20% of all white dwarfs. Among the open questions are the total masses and the origin of the hydrogen traces observed in a large number and the nature of the deficit of DBs in the range from 30000 - 45000K. We use the largest-ever sample (by a factor of 10) provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to study these questions. The photometric and spectroscopic data of 1107 helium-rich objects from the SDSS are analyzed using theoretical model atmospheres. Along with the effective temperature and surface gravity, we also determine hydrogen and calcium abundances or upper limits for all objects. The atmosphere models are extended with envelope calculations to determine the extent of the helium convection zones and thus the total amount of hydrogen and calcium present. When accounting for problems in determining surface gravities at low Teff, we find an average mass for helium-dominated white dwarfs of 0.606+-0.004 Msun, which is very similar to the latest determinations for DAs. There are 32% of the sample with detected hydrogen, but this increases to 75% if only the objects with the highest signal-to-noise ratios are considered. In addition, 10-12% show traces of calcium, which must come from an external source. The interstellar medium (ISM) is ruled out by the fact that all polluted objects show a Ca/H ratio that is much larger than solar. We also present arguments that demonstrate that the hydrogen is very likely not accreted from the ISM but is the result of convective mixing of a residual thin hydrogen layer with the developing helium convection zone. It is very important to carefully consider the bias from observational selection effects when drawing these conclusions.
Unitary evolution for a quantum Kantowski-Sachs cosmology
Creators: name: Pal, Sridip
name: Banerjee, Narayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that like Bianchi I, V and IX models, a Kantowski-Sachs cosmological model also allows a unitary evolution on quantization. It has also been shown that this unitarity is not at the expense of the anisotropy. Non-unitarity, if there is any, cannot escape notice in this as the evolution is studied against a properly oriented time parameter fixed by the evolution of the fluid. Furthermore, we have constructed a wave-packet by superposing different energy eigenstates, thereby establishing unitarity in a non-trivial way, which is a stronger result than an energy eigenstate trivially giving time independent probability density. For $α\neq1$, we have proved that the Hamiltonian upon suitable operator ordering admits a self-adjoint extension under reasonable assumption, using a standard theorem. This consolidates the recently shown fact that the problem of non-unitarity cannot be a generic problem of anisotropy.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Enhancing spatial detection accuracy for syndromic surveillance with street level incidence data
Creators: name: Emch, Michael
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background The Department of Defense Military Health System operates a syndromic surveillance system that monitors medical records at more than 450 non-combat Military Treatment Facilities (MTF) worldwide. The Electronic Surveillance System for Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE) uses both temporal and spatial algorithms to detect disease outbreaks. This study focuses on spatial detection and attempts to improve the effectiveness of the ESSENCE implementation of the spatial scan statistic by increasing the spatial resolution of incidence data from zip codes to street address level. Methods Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) was used as a test syndrome to develop methods to improve the spatial accuracy of detected alerts. Simulated incident clusters of various sizes were superimposed on real ILI incidents from the 2008/2009 influenza season. Clusters were detected using the spatial scan statistic and their displacement from simulated loci was measured. Detected cluster size distributions were also evaluated for compliance with simulated cluster sizes. Results Relative to the ESSENCE zip code based method, clusters detected using street level incidents were displaced on average 65% less for 2 and 5 mile radius clusters and 31% less for 10 mile radius clusters. Detected cluster size distributions for the street address method were quasi normal and sizes tended to slightly exceed simulated radii. ESSENCE methods yielded fragmented distributions and had high rates of zero radius and oversized clusters. Conclusions Spatial detection accuracy improved notably with regard to both location and size when incidents were geocoded to street addresses rather than zip code centroids. Since street address geocoding success rates were only 73.5%, zip codes were still used for more than one quarter of ILI cases. Thus, further advances in spatial detection accuracy are dependant on systematic improvements in the collection of individual address information.
title: Shear wave velocity measurement and its reproducibility of US elastography using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: A volunteer study
Creators: name: Kishimoto, Riwa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Image verification
subject: Observer performance
subject: Equipment
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Head and neck
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Background For decades, physicians have used palpitation to evaluate tissue stiffness reflecting pathophysiological states, such as in liver cirrhosis, lymph node swelling, and thyroid or breast mass. But evaluation by palpitation depends on the...
Donor Wavefunctions in Si Gauged by STM Images
Creators: name: Saraiva, A. L.
name: Salfi, J.
name: Bocquel, J.
name: Voisin, B.
name: Rogge, S.
name: Capaz, Rodrigo B.
name: Calderón, M. J.
name: Koiller, Belita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The triumph of effective mass theory in describing the energy spectrum of dopants does not guarantee that the model wavefunctions will withstand an experimental test. Such wavefunctions have recently been probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, revealing localized patterns of resonantly enhanced tunneling currents. We show that the shape of the conducting splotches resemble a cut through Kohn-Luttinger (KL) hydrogenic envelopes, which modulate the interfering Bloch states of conduction electrons. All the non-monotonic features of the current profile are consistent with the charge density fluctuations observed between successive {001} atomic planes, including a counterintuitive reduction of the symmetry - a heritage of the lowered point group symmetry at these planes. A model-independent analysis of the diffraction figure constrains the value of the electron wavevector to $k_0 = (0.82 \pm 0.03)(2π/a_{Si})$. Unlike prior measurements, averaged over a sizeable density of electrons, this estimate is obtained directly from isolated electrons. We further investigate the model-specific anisotropy of the wave function envelope, related to the effective mass anisotropy. This anisotropy appears in the KL variational wave function envelope as the ratio between Bohr radii b=a. We demonstrate that the central cell corrected estimates for this ratio are encouragingly accurate, leading to the conclusion that the KL theory is a valid model not only for energies but for wavefunctions as well.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Quantum Monte Carlo study of mass-imbalanced Hubbard models
Creators: name: Liu, Ye-Hua
name: Wang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building on recent solutions of the fermion sign problem for specific models we present two continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo methods for efficient simulation of mass-imbalanced Hubbard models on bipartite lattices at half-filling. For both methods we present the solutions to the fermion sign problem and the algorithms to achieve efficient simulations. As applications, we calculate the dependence of the spin correlation on the mass imbalance in a one-dimensional lattice and study the thermal and quantum phase transitions to an antiferromagnetic Ising long-range ordered state in two dimensions. These results offer unbiased predictions for experiments on ultracold atoms and bridge known exact solutions of Falicov-Kimball model and previous studies of the SU(2)-symmetric Hubbard model.
description: corrected typos
Dengue virus-like particles mimic the antigenic properties of the infectious dengue virus envelope
Creators: name: Metz, Stefan W
name: Corten, Markus
name: De Silva, Aravinda Manu
name: White, Laura
name: Stoops, Mark
name: Thomas, Ashlie
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background The 4 dengue serotypes (DENV) are mosquito-borne pathogens that are associated with severe hemorrhagic disease. DENV particles have a lipid bilayer envelope that anchors two membrane glycoproteins prM and E. Two E-protein monomers form head-to-tail homodimers and three E-dimers align to form “rafts” that cover the viral surface. Some human antibodies that strongly neutralize DENV bind to quaternary structure epitopes displayed on E protein dimers or higher order structures forming the infectious virus. Expression of prM and E in cell culture leads to the formation of DENV virus-like particles (VLPs) which are smaller than wildtype virus particles and replication defective due to the absence of a viral genome. There is no data available that describes the antigenic landscape on the surface of flavivirus VLPs in comparison to the better studied infectious virion. Methods A large panel of well characterized antibodies that recognize epitope of ranging complexity were used in biochemical analytics to obtain a comparative antigenic surface view of VLPs in respect to virus particles. DENV patient serum depletions were performed the show the potential of VLPs in serological diagnostics. Results VLPs were confirmed to be heterogeneous in size morphology and maturation state. Yet, we show that many highly conformational and quaternary structure-dependent antibody epitopes found on virus particles are efficiently displayed on DENV1–4 VLP surfaces as well. Additionally, DENV VLPs can efficiently be used as antigens to deplete DENV patient sera from serotype specific antibody populations. Conclusions This study aids in further understanding epitopic landscape of DENV VLPs and presents a comparative antigenic surface view of VLPs in respect to virus particles. We propose the use VLPs as a safe and practical alternative to infectious virus as a vaccine and diagnostic antigen.
Quantum plasmonic sensing: beyond the shot-noise and diffraction limit
Creators: name: Lee, Changhyoup
name: Dieleman, Frederik
name: Lee, Jinhyoung
name: Rockstuhl, Carsten
name: Maier, Stefan A.
name: Tame, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic sensors have many applications in a range of physical settings, from measuring mechanical pressure in manufacturing to detecting protein concentration in biomedical samples. A variety of sensing approaches exist, and plasmonic systems in particular have received much attention due to their ability to confine light below the diffraction limit, greatly enhancing sensitivity. Recently, quantum techniques have been identified that can outperform classical sensing methods and achieve sensitivity below the so-called shot-noise limit. Despite this significant potential, the use of definite photon number states in lossy plasmonic systems for further improving sensing capabilities is not well studied. Here, we investigate the sensing performance of a plasmonic interferometer that simultaneously exploits the quantum nature of light and its electromagnetic field confinement. We show that, despite the presence of loss, specialised quantum resources can provide improved sensitivity and resolution beyond the shot-noise limit within a compact plasmonic device operating below the diffraction limit.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, ACS Photonics, 2016
An epigenome-wide study of obesity in African American youth and young adults: novel findings, replication in neutrophils, and relationship with gene expression
Creators: name: North, Kari
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Abstract Background We conducted an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) on obesity in healthy youth and young adults and further examined to what extent identified signals influenced gene expression and were independent of cell type composition and obesity-related cardio-metabolic risk factors. Genome-wide DNA methylation data from leukocytes were obtained from 700 African Americans aged 14–36. We also measured genome-wide DNA methylation data from neutrophils as well as genome-wide gene expression data from leukocytes in a subset of samples (n = 188). Results The EWAS identified 76 obesity-related CpG sites in leukocytes with p < 1 × 10−7. In silico replication in the ARIC study of 2097 African Americans aged 47–70 validated 54 CpG sites. Out of the 54 CpG sites, 29 associations with obesity were novel and 37 were replicated in neutrophils. Fifty one CpG sites were associated with at least one cardio-metabolic risk factor; however, the number reduced to 9 after adjustment for obesity. Sixteen CpG sites were associated with expression of 17 genes in cis, of which 5 genes displayed differential expression between obese cases and lean controls. We also replicated 71.5% of obesity-related CpG sites previously reported. Conclusion In this study of youth and young adults, we identified 29 novel CpG sites associated with obesity and replicated the majority of the CpG sites previously identified. We further demonstrated that the majority of the obesity-related CpG sites in leukocytes were not driven by cell composition or obesity-related cardio-metabolic risk factors. We also provided the direct link between DNA methylation-gene expression-obesity for 5 genes.
The Density of Shifted and Affine Eisenstein Polynomials
Creators: name: Micheli, Giacomo
name: Schnyder, Reto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R09, 11S05, 11R45

description: In this paper we provide a complete answer to a question by Heyman and Shparlinski concerning the natural density of polynomials which are irreducible by Eisenstein's criterion after applying some shift. The main tool we use is a local to global principle for density computations over a free $\mathbb Z$-module of finite rank.
title: Advanced Techniques to Abdominal MR Imaging
Creators: name: Isoda, Hiroyoshi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Physics
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR physics
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the technical principles and features of the new techniques for abdominal MR imaging, including twist with flexble view sharing and CAIPIRINHA for multiphasic Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging, readout-segmented echo-planar...
title: Tumor or not tumor, that is the question. The differential diagnosis of tumoral versus pseudotumoral brain lesions with advanced MRI techniques.
Creators: name: Ramírez, Alex
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: eLearning
subject: Education
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Inflammation
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review many non-neoplastic diseases that can mimic brain neoplasms on neuroimaging. To describe the imaging findings of diseases that most often simulates brain tumors. To discuss the use of advanced MRI techniques in the differentiation of...
Attachment & Ghosting in Romantic Relationship Dissolution
Creators: name: Freedman, Gili
name: Powell, Darcey
name: Le, Benjamin
name: Williams, Kipling
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: registration for The Journal of Social Psychology