cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Tables and Figures to “OCLC Library Holdings: Assessing Availability of Academic Books in Libraries in Print and Electronic Compared to Citations and Altmetrics”
Creators: name: Maleki, Ashraf
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80705 Informetrics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: Library and Information Studies

description: This file is the online appendix to article:“OCLC Library Holdings: Assessing Availability of Academic Books in Libraries in Print and Electronic Compared to Citations and Altmetrics”
"If HTTPS Were Secure, I Wouldn't Need 2FA" - End User and Administrator Mental Models of HTTPS
Creators: name: Krombholz, Katharina
name: Busse, Karoline
name: Pfeffer, Katharina
name: Smith, Matthew
name: von Zezschwitz, Emanuel
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: HTTPS is one of the most important protocols used to secure communication and is, fortunately, becoming more pervasive. However, especially the long tail of websites is still not sufficiently secured. HTTPS involves different types of users, e.g., end users who are forced to make security decisions when faced with warnings or administrators who are required to deal with cryptographic fundamentals and complex decisions concerning compatibility. In this work, we present the first qualitative study of both end user and administrator mental models of HTTPS. We interviewed 18 end users and 12 administrators; our findings reveal misconceptions about security benefits and threat models from both groups. We identify protocol components that interfere with secure configurations and usage behavior and reveal differences between administrator and end user mental models. Our results suggest that end user mental models are more conceptual while administrator models are more protocol-based. We also found that end users often confuse encryption with authentication, significantly underestimate the security benefits of HTTPS. They also ignore and distrust security indicators while administrators often do not understand the interplay of functional protocol components. Based on the different mental models, we discuss implications and provide actionable recommendations for future designs of user interfaces and protocols.
Visualization of construction management data
Creators: name: Chiu, Chao-Ying
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: To date, the research and development effort as reported in the literature for presenting input/output data in support of human judgment for conducting construction management (CM) functions and associated tasks has been relatively limited. In practice, CM practitioners often find it difficult to digest and interpret input/output information because of the sheer volume and high dimensionality of data. One way to address this need is to improve the data reporting capability of a construction management information system, which traditionally focuses mainly on using tabular/textual reports. Data visualization is a promising technology to enhance current reporting by creating a CM data visualization environment integrated within a CM information system. Findings from a literature review combined with a deep understanding of the CM domain were used to identify design guidelines for CM data visualization. A top-down design approach was utilized to analyze general requirements of a CM data visualization environment (e.g. common visualization features) that effect visual CM analytics for a broad range of CM functions/tasks. A bottom-up design process integrated with design guidelines and the top-down design process was then employed to implement individual visualizations in support of specific CM analytics and to acquire lessons learned for enriching the design guidelines and common visualization features. Taken together, these three components provide a potent approach for developing a data visualization tool tailored to supporting CM analytics. A research prototype CM data visualization environment that has an organization of thematic visualizations categorized by construction conditions and performance measures under multiple views of a project was created. Features of images generated from the foregoing visualizations can be characterized by different themes, types, contents, and/or formats. The visualization environment provides interaction features for changing/setting options that characterize images and enhancing readability of images as well as a mechanism for coordinating interaction features to increase efficiency of use. Case studies conducted using this environment provide the means for comparing its use with current (traditional) data reporting for CM functions related to time, quality, and change management. It is demonstrated that visual analytics enhances CM analytics capabilities applicable to a broad range of CM functions/tasks.
Interpreting corporate community relations
Creators: name: Ulmer, Hermina
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p. 223-234
description: This study explores the ways in which seventeen corporate community relations practitioners experience, learn and interpret their practice. It responds to such questions as: How do the practitioners perceive their work? What are some of the contexts in which they function? What activities are they pursuing, what programs do they develop, and what meanings do they attach to them? Which experiences of their practice do they recall most vividly? How do they learn their craft? The research approach combines two traditions of qualitative inquiry (Creswell, 1998). The principle approach is phenomenology (Moustakas, 1994; Polkinghorne, 1989; Van Manen, 1997); the second is case study (Stake, 1995; Yin, 1989). Research methods include semi-structured interviewing, personal experience stories, personal journaling and participant observation. Procedures for analysing and representing the data are drawn from interpretive processes conceived by Denzin (1989a), Van Manen (1997) and Stake (1994, 1995). The study offers a constructivist learning perspective of corporate community relations practice. Drawing from anecdotes recounted by the practitioner participants, ten themes are developed: defining corporate community relations; learning from communities; transparency and accountability; learning from others; formal and informal learning; learning from failure; learning from success; emotions at work; the need for executive support; and the challenges of practice. The themes are examined within the context of existing theories about corporate community relations and experiential learning, leading to a focus on three overarching themes: community as a source of learning; the congruence of personal and professional values; and the role of emotional and interpersonal intelligences in corporate community relations practice. The overarching themes developed in the study suggest three principles that form the essential structure of good corporate community relations practice: good values are the heart of good corporate community relations practice; a primary responsibility of corporate community relations practitioners is to develop emotional and interpersonal intelligences; and socially responsible corporate community relations practitioners understand themselves and their companies as citizens of the communities and societies in which they live and work.
Fluctuation-dissipation relation for chaotic non-Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Colangeli, Matteo
name: Rondoni, Lamberto
name: Vulpiani, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In dissipative dynamical systems phase space volumes contract, on average. Therefore, the invariant measure on the attractor is singular with respect to the Lebesgue measure. As noted by Ruelle, a generic perturbation pushes the state out of the attractor, hence the statistical features of the perturbation and, in particular, of the relaxation, cannot be understood solely in terms of the unperturbed dynamics on the attractor. This remark seems to seriously limit the applicability of the standard fluctuation dissipation procedure in the statistical mechanics of nonequilibrium (dissipative) systems. In this paper we show that the singular character of the steady state does not constitute a serious limitation in the case of systems with many degrees of freedom. The reason is that one typically deals with projected dynamics, and these are associated with regular probability distributions in the corresponding lower dimensional spaces.
Efficient Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs in Cross-Domains without Trusted Setup
Creators: name: Backes, Michael
name: Hanzlik, Lucjan
name: Herzberg, Amir
name: Kate, Aniket
name: Pryvalov, Ivan
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: With the recent emergence of efficient zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs for general circuits, while efficient zero-knowledge proofs of algebraic statements have existed for decades, a natural challenge arose to combine algebraic and non-algebraic statements. Chase et al. (CRYPTO 2016) proposed an interactive ZK proof system for this cross-domain problem. As a use case they show that their system can be used to prove knowledge of a RSA/DSA signature on a message m with respect to a publicly known Pedersen commitment g^m h^r . One drawback of their system is that it requires interaction between the prover and the verifier. This is due to the interactive nature of garbled circuits, which are used in their construction. Subsequently, Agrawal et al. (CRYPTO 2018) proposed an efficient non-interactive ZK (NIZK) proof system for cross-domains based on SNARKs, which however require a trusted setup assumption. In this paper, we propose a NIZK proof system for cross-domains that requires no trusted setup and is efficient both for the prover and the verifier. Our system constitutes a combination of Schnorr based ZK proofs and ZK proofs for general circuits by Giacomelli et al. (USENIX 2016). The proof size and the running time of our system are comparable to the approach by Chase et al. Compared to Bulletproofs (SP 2018), a recent NIZK proofs system on committed inputs, our techniques achieve asymptotically better performance on prover and verifier, thus presenting a different trade-off between the proof size and the running time.
Local spin polarisation of electrons in Rashba semiconductor nanowires: effects of the bound state
Creators: name: Xiao, X. B.
name: Li, F.
name: Chen, Y. G.
name: Liu, N. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The local spin polarisation (LSP) of electrons in two typical semiconductor nanowires under the modulation of Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) is investigated theoretically. The influence of both the SOI- and structure-induced bound states on the LSP is taken into account via the spin-resolved lattice Green function method. It is discovered that high spin-density islands with alternative signs of polarisation are formed inside the nanowires due to the interaction between the bound states and the Rashba effective magnetic field. Further study shows that the spin-density islands caused by the structure-induced bound state exhibit a strong robustness against disorder. These findings may provide an efficient way to create local magnetic moments and store information in semiconductors.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
สมรรถนะที่พึงประสงค์ของบัณฑิตพยาบาลไทย: มุมมองของผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสียทางการพยาบาล
Creators: name: ศุภาพิชญ์ โฟน โบร์แมนน์
Publisher: name: สถาบันบำราศนราดูร
Year: 2564
Subjects: บัณฑิตพยาบาล
สมรรถนะของพยาบาล
มุมมองของผู้มีส่วนได้ส่วนเสีย

description: วารสารสถาบันบำราศนราดูร, 15, 2, 71-81
Bayesian Prediction of Future Street Scenes using Synthetic Likelihoods
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Apratim
name: Fritz, Mario
name: Schiele, Bernt
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: For autonomous agents to successfully operate in the real world, the ability to anticipate future scene states is a key competence. In real-world scenarios, future states become increasingly uncertain and multi-modal, particularly on long time horizons. Dropout based Bayesian inference provides a computationally tractable, theoretically well grounded approach to learn likely hypotheses/models to deal with uncertain futures and make predictions that correspond well to observations -- are well calibrated. However, it turns out that such approaches fall short to capture complex real-world scenes, even falling behind in accuracy when compared to the plain deterministic approaches. This is because the used log-likelihood estimate discourages diversity. In this work, we propose a novel Bayesian formulation for anticipating future scene states which leverages synthetic likelihoods that encourage the learning of diverse models to accurately capture the multi-modal nature of future scene states. We show that our approach achieves accurate state-of-the-art predictions and calibrated probabilities through extensive experiments for scene anticipation on Cityscapes dataset. Moreover, we show that our approach generalizes across diverse tasks such as digit generation and precipitation forecasting.
Inflationary non-Gaussianities in the most general second-order scalar-tensor theories
Creators: name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For very general scalar-field theories in which the equations of motion are at second-order, we evaluate the three-point correlation function of primordial scalar perturbations generated during inflation. We show that the shape of non-Gaussianities is well approximated by the equilateral type. The equilateral non-linear parameter f_NL^equil is derived on the quasi de Sitter background where the slow-variation parameters are much smaller than unity. We apply our formula for f_NL^equil to a number of single-field models of inflation--such as k-inflation, k-inflation with Galileon terms, potential-driven Galileon inflation, nonminimal coupling models (including field-derivative coupling models), and Gauss-Bonnet gravity.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, uses RevTeX. The version to appear in Physical Review D
Electronic Structure and Bonding of Icosahedral Core-Shell Gold-Silver Nanoalloy Clusters Au_(144-x)Ag_x(SR)_60
Creators: name: Malola, Sami
name: Häkkinen, Hannu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomically precise thiolate-stabilized gold nanoclusters are currently of interest for many cross-disciplinary applications in chemistry, physics and molecular biology. Very recently, synthesis and electronic properties of "nanoalloy" clusters Au_(144-x)Ag_x(SR)_60 were reported. Here, density functional theory is used for electronic structure and bonding in Au_(144-x)Ag_x(SR)_60 based on a structural model of the icosahedral Au_144(SR)_60 that features a 114-atom metal core with 60 symmetry-equivalent surface sites, and a protecting layer of 30 RSAuSR units. In the optimal configuration the 60 surface sites of the core are occupied by silver in Au_84Ag_60(SR)_60. Silver enhances the electron shell structure around the Fermi level in the metal core, which predicts a structured absorption spectrum around the onset (about 0.8 eV) of electronic metal-to-metal transitions. The calculations also imply element-dependent absorption edges for Au(5d) \rightarrow Au(6sp) and Ag(4d) \rightarrow Ag(5sp) interband transitions in the "plasmonic" region, with their relative intensities controlled by the Ag/Au mixing ratio.
description: 4 figures
Fashion is Taking Shape: Understanding Clothing Preference Based on Body Shape From Online Sources
Creators: name: Sattar, Hosnieh
name: Pons-Moll, Gerard
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: To study the correlation between clothing garments and body shape, we collected a new dataset (Fashion Takes Shape), which includes images of female users with clothing category annotations. Despite the progress in body shape estimation from images, it turns out to be challenging to infer body shape from such diverse, real-world photos. Hence, we propose a novel and robust multi-photo approach to estimate body shapes of each user and build a conditional model of clothing categories given body-shape. We demonstrate that in real-world data, clothing categories and body-shapes are correlated and show that our multi-photo approach leads to a better predictive model for clothing categories compared to models based on single-view shape estimates or manually annotated body types. We see our method as the first step towards the large-scale understanding of clothing preferences from body shape.
Generalized Semi-Quantum Secret Sharing Schemes
Creators: name: Gheorghiu, Vlad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quantum secret sharing schemes constructed from $[[n,k,δ]]_D$ non-binary stabilizer quantum error correcting codes with carrier qudits of prime dimension $D$. We provide a systematic way of determining the access structure, which completely determines the forbidden and intermediate structures. We then show that the information available to the intermediate structure can be fully described and quantified by what we call the *information group*, a subgroup of the Pauli group of $k$ qudits, and employ this group structure to construct a method for hiding the information from the intermediate structure via twirling of the information group and sharing of classical bits between the dealer and the players. Our scheme allows the transformation of a ramp (intermediate) quantum secret sharing scheme into a semi-quantum perfect secret sharing scheme with the same access structure as the ramp one but without any intermediate subsets, and is optimal in the amount of classical bits the dealer has to distribute.
description: Replaced by published version, typos corrected
Living well: understanding the experience of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in First Nations peoples
Creators: name: Sanguins, Julianne
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2005

description: Bibliography: p. 234-252
description: In the past fifty years, rates of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have escalated in the First Nations population until they have become the most prevalent chronic diseases in that population (Young et al., 1999). The biophysiologic processes of Type 2 diabetes and CVD are well documented. However, the experiences of First Nations Peoples living with these diseases have not been well investigated. Understanding how the First Nations Peoples 'live well' with these diseases may provide some direction to health care providers in assisting prevention efforts. This ethnographic study focused on First Nations People from the Opaskwayak Cree Nation in northern Manitoba. Fifteen participants (eight men, seven women) engaged in semi-structured interviews which were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using an inductive and reflexive process. Analysis focused on culturally embedded attitudes and practices that allowed First Nations participants to 'live well' with Type 2 diabetes and CVD. 'Living well' was defined by the participants as being more than physical adaptation; it encompassed balancing and maintaining the emotional, spiritual, and environmental aspects of their lives. The investigation provided an opportunity for the participants' voices to be heard. By listening to these voices, I was able to identify the factors which enabled the Opaskwayak Cree Nation People to 'live well' with Type 2 diabetes and CVD. Considering these factors led to the development of a holistic model which can be used to guide practice and further research. For the participants in this study, culturally based spiritual beliefs, supportive families, and mutually respectful relationships with health care providers enabled them to 'live well' with Type 2 diabetes and CVD. This information can assist health care providers and policy makers to develop services that support the First Nations People's ability to 'live well' when faced with chronic illness.
Adhesion between elastic solids with randomly rough surfaces: comparison of analytical theory with molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Mulakaluri, N.
name: Persson, B. N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adhesive contact between elastic solids with randomly rough, self affine fractal surfaces is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The interfacial binding energy obtained from the simulations of nominally flat and curved surfaces is compared with the predictions of the contact mechanics theory by Persson. Theoretical and simulation results agree rather well, and most of the differences observed can be attributed to finite size effects and to the long-range nature of the interaction between the atoms in the block and the substrate in the MD model, as compared to the analytical theory which is for an infinite system with interfacial contact interaction. For curved surfaces (JKR-type of problem) the effective interfacial energy exhibit a weak hysteresis which may be due to the influence of local irreversible detachment processes in the vicinity of the opening crack tip during pull-off.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Language in Our Time: An Empirical Analysis of Hashtags
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Hashtags in online social networks have gained tremendous popularity during the past five years. The resulting large quantity of data has provided a new lens into modern society. Previously, researchers mainly rely on data collected from Twitter to study either a certain type of hashtags or a certain property of hashtags. In this paper, we perform the first large-scale empirical analysis of hashtags shared on Instagram, the major platform for hashtag-sharing. We study hashtags from three different dimensions including the temporal-spatial dimension, the semantic dimension, and the social dimension. Extensive experiments performed on three large-scale datasets with more than 7 million hashtags in total provide a series of interesting observations. First, we show that the temporal patterns of hashtags can be categorized into four different clusters, and people tend to share fewer hashtags at certain places and more hashtags at others. Second, we observe that a non-negligible proportion of hashtags exhibit large semantic displacement. We demonstrate hashtags that are more uniformly shared among users, as quantified by the proposed hashtag entropy, are less prone to semantic displacement. In the end, we propose a bipartite graph embedding model to summarize users’ hashtag profiles, and rely on these profiles to perform friendship prediction. Evaluation results show that our approach achieves an effective prediction with AUC (area under the ROC curve) above 0.8 which demonstrates the strong social signals possessed in hashtags.
Illusory Decoherence
Creators: name: Kennerly, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If a quantum experiment includes random processes, then the results of repeated measurements can appear consistent with irreversible decoherence even if the system's evolution prior to measurement was reversible and unitary. Two thought experiments are constructed as examples.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Sedimentologic and diagenetic evolution of an ooidgrapestone shoal complex within the Caicos Bank interior, Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies
Creators: name: Cairns, David J. (David Joseph)
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Geology - Turks and Caicos Islands
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic - Holocene
subject: Oolite

description: Bibliography: p. 129-137.
Production of large transverse momentum dileptons and photons in $pp$, $dA$ and $AA$ collisions by photoproduction processes
Creators: name: Fu, Yong-Ping
name: Li, Yun-De
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of large $P_{T}$ dileptons and photons originating from photoproduction processes in $pp$, $dA$ and $AA$ collisions is calculated. We find that the contribution of dileptons and photons produced by photoproduction processes is not prominent at RHIC energies. However, the numerical results indicate that the modification of photoproduction processes becomes evident in the large $P_{T}$ region for $pp$, $dA$ and $AA$ collisions at LHC energies.
description: 10 figures
AccessiLeaks: Investigating Privacy Leaks Exposed by the Android Accessibility Service
Creators: name: Naseri, Mohammad
name: Jr., Nataniel Pereira Borges
name: Zeller, Andreas
name: Rouvoy, Romain
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: To support users with disabilities, Android provides the accessibility services, which implement means of navigating through an app. According to the Android developer’s guide: "Accessibility services should only be used to assist users with disabilities in using Android devices and apps". However, developers are free to use this service without any restrictions, giving them critical privileges such as monitoring user input or screen content to capture sensitive information. In this paper, we show that simply enabling the accessibility service leaves 72 % of the top finance and 80 % of the top social media apps vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks, leaking sensitive information such as logins and passwords. A combination of several tools and recommendations could mitigate the privacy risks: We introduce an analysis technique that detects most of these issues automatically, e.g. in an app store. We also found that these issues can be automatically fixed in almost all cases; our fixes have been accepted by 70 % of the surveyed developers. Finally, we designed a notification mechanism which would warn users against possible misuses of the accessibility services; 50 % of users would follow these notifications.
The Orbifolder: A Tool to study the Low Energy Effective Theory of Heterotic Orbifolds
Creators: name: Nilles, Hans Peter
name: Ramos-Sanchez, Saul
name: Vaudrevange, Patrick K. S.
name: Wingerter, Akin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orbifolder is a program developed in C++ that computes and analyzes the low-energy effective theory of heterotic orbifold compactifications. The program includes routines to compute the massless spectrum, to identify the allowed couplings in the superpotential, to automatically generate large sets of orbifold models, to identify phenomenologically interesting models (e.g. MSSM-like models) and to analyze their vacuum-configurations.
description: 29 pages, web page http://projects.hepforge.org/orbifolder/
Stop to Unlock - Improving the Security of Android Unlock Patterns
Creators: name: Suchan, Alexander
name: von Zezschwitz, Emanuel
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Android unlock patterns are among the most common authentication mechanisms on mobile devices. They are fast and easy to use but also lack security as user-chosen gestures are easy to guess and easy to observe. To improve the traditional pattern approach, we propose Stop2Unlock, a usable but more secure modification of the traditional pattern lock. Stop2Unlock allows users to define nodes where they stop for a limited amount of time before swiping to the next node. We performed a lab study (n=40) and a field study (n=14) to show that this small change in user interaction can have a significant impact on security with a minimal impact on usability. That is, user-selected Stop2Unlock patterns are significantly harder to guess while being comparable in terms of usability. Additional analysis showed that users perceived the stop component as a rhythmic and memorable cue which supported the selection of higher entropy patterns.
On the full holonomy group of special Lorentzian manifolds
Creators: name: Baum, Helga
name: Lärz, Kordian
name: Leistner, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C29, 53C50, 53C27

description: We study the full holonomy group of Lorentzian manifolds with a parallel null line bundle. We prove several results that are based on the classification of the restricted holonomy groups of such manifolds and provide a construction method for manifolds with disconnected holonomy which starts from a Riemannian manifold and a properly discontinuous group of isometries. Most of our examples are quotients of pp-waves with disconnected holonomy and without parallel vector field. Furthermore, we classify the full holonomy groups of solvable Lorentzian symmetric spaces and of Lorentzian manifolds with a parallel null spinor. Finally, we construct examples of globally hyperbolic manifolds with complete spacelike Cauchy hypersurfaces, disconnected full holonomy and a parallel spinor.
description: 29 pages, Lemma 2 and Corollary 1 corrected, minor changes in formulations, typos corrected
Additional file 3 of Enhanced rare disease mapping for phenome-wide genetic association in the UK Biobank
Creators: name: Patrick, Matthew T.
name: Bardhi, Redina
name: Zhou, Wei
name: Elder, James T.
name: Gudjonsson, Johann E.
name: Tsoi, Lam C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Tutorial for using interactive website.
A compact and robust method for full Stokes spectropolarimetry
Creators: name: Sparks, William
name: Germer, Thomas A.
name: MacKenty, John
name: Snik, Frans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to spectropolarimetry which requires neither moving parts nor time dependent modulation, and which offers the prospect of achieving high sensitivity. The technique applies equally well, in principle, in the optical, UV or IR. The concept, which is one of those generically known as channeled polarimetry, is to encode the polarization information at each wavelength along the spatial dimension of a 2D data array using static, robust optical components. A single two-dimensional data frame contains the full polarization information and can be configured to measure either two or all of the Stokes polarization parameters. By acquiring full polarimetric information in a single observation, we simplify polarimetry of transient sources and in situations where the instrument and target are in relative motion. The robustness and simplicity of the approach, coupled to its potential for high sensitivity, and applicability over a wide wavelength range, is likely to prove useful for applications in challenging environments such as space.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in Applied Optics
Unbreaking chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Lang, C. B.
name: Schröck, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) the eigenmodes of the Dirac operator with small absolute eigenvalues have a close relationship to the dynamical breaking of the chiral symmetry. In a simulation with two dynamical quarks, we study the behavior of meson propagators when removing increasingly more of those modes in the valence sector, thus partially removing effects of chiral symmetry breaking. We find that some of the symmetry aspects are restored (e.g., the masses of $ρ$ and $a_1$ approach each other) while confining properties persist.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures (figure added, references updated)
Contractual obligations analysis for construction waste management
Creators: name: Mendis, Daylath Priyanjith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Construction industry creates a massive amount of waste which typically ends in landfills. Canadian construction industry generates 25% of the total municipal solid waste deposited in landfills. Construction and demolition (C&D) waste has created negative socioeconomic and environmental impacts including ground water contamination which accumulates toxicity to human/animal food chain, emission of greenhouse gases, and adding more to scarce landfills. Literature cited that construction waste can be generated due to deficiencies and loopholes of contract documents. Current research noted several clauses in the project manuals of commercial construction, which have potentials to generate construction waste during the project construction phase. Those clauses were categorised in to eight major areas. This research is intended to (1) analyse expert opinions collected through a questionnaire survey, (2) analyze on-site observations on waste generation in construction projects due to pre-identified contractual clauses, (3) evaluate contractual clauses of Canadian, American and Australian contractual agreements in terms of the potential for generating construction waste and (4) introduce suggestions for better contractual agreements to minimize/avoid construction waste. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Attribute Weighing Method (AWM) were utilized to evaluate and prioritize the expert opinions on contractual clauses in terms of waste generating potential. It was found that the clauses related to quality, workmanship, and field quality control / inspection have the most potential to generate construction waste.
Knockoff Nets: Stealing Functionality of Black-Box Models
Creators: name: Orekondy, Tribhuvanesh
name: Schiele, Bernt
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Machine Learning (ML) models are increasingly deployed in the wild to perform a wide range of tasks. In this work, we ask to what extent can an adversary steal functionality of such "victim" models based solely on blackbox interactions: image in, predictions out. In contrast to prior work, we present an adversary lacking knowledge of train/test data used by the model, its internals, and semantics over model outputs. We formulate model functionality stealing as a two-step approach: (i) querying a set of input images to the blackbox model to obtain predictions; and (ii) training a "knockoff" with queried image-prediction pairs. We make multiple remarkable observations: (a) querying random images from a different distribution than that of the blackbox training data results in a well-performing knockoff; (b) this is possible even when the knockoff is represented using a different architecture; and (c) our reinforcement learning approach additionally improves query sample efficiency in certain settings and provides performance gains. We validate model functionality stealing on a range of datasets and tasks, as well as on a popular image analysis API where we create a reasonable knockoff for as little as $30.
Electron and hole gas in modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs radial heterojunctions
Creators: name: Bertoni, Andrea
name: Royo, Miquel
name: Mahawish, Farah
name: Goldoni, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson calculations with exchange and correlation corrections to determine the electron/hole gas in a radial hetero-junction formed in a modulation doped GaAs/AlGaAs core-multi-shell nanowire (CSNW) which is n-/p-doped. Realistic composition and geometry are mapped on an symmetry compliant two-dimensional grid, and the inversion/accumulation layers are obtained assuming mid-gap Fermi energy pinning at the surface. We show that the electron and hole gases can be tuned to different localizations and symmetries inside the core as a function of the doping level. Contrary to planar hetero-junctions, conduction electrons do not form a uniform 2D electron gas (2DEG) localized at the GaAs/AlGaAs interface, but rather show a transition between i) an isotropic, cylindrical distribution deep in the GaAs core (low doping), and ii) a set of six tunnel-coupled quasi-1D channels at the edges of the interface (high doping). Holes, on the other hand, are much more localized at the GaAs/AlGaAs interface and form either i) six separated planar 2DEGs at the GaAs/AlGaAs interfaces (low doping), ii) a quasi uniform six-fold bent 2DEG (intermediate doping), or iii) six tunnel-coupled quasi-1D channels at the edges (high doping). We also simulate the electron/hole gas in a CSNW-based field effect transistor. The field generated by a back-gate may easily deform the electron or hole gas, breaking the six-fold symmetry. Single 2DEGs at one interface or multiple quasi-1D channels are shown to form as a function of voltage intensity, polarity, and carrier type.
description: 22 pages, revtex4 preprint format, submitted
Not Using the Car to See the Sidewalk: Quantifying and Controlling the Effects of Context in Classification and Segmentation
Creators: name: Shetty, Rakshith
name: Schiele, Bernt
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Importance of visual context in scene understanding tasks is well recognized in the computer vision community. However, to what extent the computer vision models for image classification and semantic segmentation are dependent on the context to make their predictions is unclear. A model overly relying on context will fail when encountering objects in context distributions different from training data and hence it is important to identify these dependencies before we can deploy the models in the real-world. We propose a method to quantify the sensitivity of black-box vision models to visual context by editing images to remove selected objects and measuring the response of the target models. We apply this methodology on two tasks, image classification and semantic segmentation, and discover undesirable dependency between objects and context, for example that "sidewalk" segmentation relies heavily on "cars" being present in the image. We propose an object removal based data augmentation solution to mitigate this dependency and increase the robustness of classification and segmentation models to contextual variations. Our experiments show that the proposed data augmentation helps these models improve the performance in out-of-context scenarios, while preserving the performance on regular data.
Learning RoboCup-Keepaway with Kernels
Creators: name: Jung, Tobias
name: Polani, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We apply kernel-based methods to solve the difficult reinforcement learning problem of 3vs2 keepaway in RoboCup simulated soccer. Key challenges in keepaway are the high-dimensionality of the state space (rendering conventional discretization-based function approximation like tilecoding infeasible), the stochasticity due to noise and multiple learning agents needing to cooperate (meaning that the exact dynamics of the environment are unknown) and real-time learning (meaning that an efficient online implementation is required). We employ the general framework of approximate policy iteration with least-squares-based policy evaluation. As underlying function approximator we consider the family of regularization networks with subset of regressors approximation. The core of our proposed solution is an efficient recursive implementation with automatic supervised selection of relevant basis functions. Simulation results indicate that the behavior learned through our approach clearly outperforms the best results obtained earlier with tilecoding by Stone et al. (2005).
Radius of a Photon Beam with Orbital Angular Momentum
Creators: name: Davis, Basil L.
name: Kaplan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the transverse structure of the Gouy phase shift in light beams carrying orbital angular momentum and show that the Gouy radius $r_G$ characterizing the transverse structure grows as $\sqrt{2p+|\ell|+1}$ with the nodal number $p$ and photon angular momentum number $\ell$. The Gouy radius is shown to be closely related to the root-mean-square radius of the beam, and the divergence of the radius away from the focal plane is determined. Finally, we analyze the rotation of the Poynting vector in the context of the Gouy radius.
description: 11 pages
Time-Conditioned Action Anticipation in One Shot
Creators: name: Ke, Qiuhong
name: Fritz, Mario
name: Schiele, Bernt
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The goal of human action anticipation is to predict future actions. Ideally, in real-world applications such as video surveillance and self-driving systems, future actions should not only be predicted with high accuracy but also at arbitrary and variable time-horizons ranging from shortto long-term predictions. Current work mostly focuses on predicting the next action and thus long-term prediction is achieved by recursive prediction of each next action, which is both inefficient and accumulates errors. In this paper, we propose a novel time-conditioned method for efficient and effective long-term action anticipation. There are two key ingredients to our approach. First, by explicitly conditioning our anticipation network on time allows to efficiently anticipate also long-term actions. And second, we propose an attended temporal feature and a time-conditioned skip connection to extract relevant and useful information from observations for effective anticipation. We conduct extensive experiments on the large-scale Epic-Kitchen and the 50Salads Datasets. Experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of anticipating future actions at both short-term and long-term, and achieves state-of-theart performance.
Heteropus cheverti Macleay 1877
Creators: name: Donnellan, S. C.
name: Couper, P. J.
name: Saint, K. M.
name: Wheaton, L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Heteropus
Heteropus cheverti

description: Heteropus cheverti Macleay, 1877 Fig. 8c, d; Tables 3 & 4 Lectotype: AMS R 31877: Barrow Island, 25km SSE Cape Melville (14°21’S, 144°39’E) Paralectotype: AMS R 31876: as for lectotype Description: SVL (mm) 46.47-55.04, n = 2. Proportions as %SVL (mean ± standard deviation): TL 187.67 (n = 1); AG 45.68-51.13 (48.40 ± 3.86, n = 2); L1 33.12-37.12 (35.12 ± 2.83, n = 2); L2 47.84-54.62 (51.23 ± 4.79, n = 2); HL 22.10-22.35 (22.22 ± 0.17, n = 2); Eye – ear 7.64-7.69 (7.66 ± 0.03, n = 2); Snout 9.27-9.30 (9.29± 0.02, n = 2). Body robust. Head barely distinct from neck. HW 66.21-70.73% HL (68.47 ± 3.20, n = 2). Limbs moderate. L1 67.96-69.24% L2 (68.60 ± 0.90, n = 2). Raw measurements and scale counts of lectotype: AMS R31877. SVL 55.04 mm; AG 25.14 mm; L1 18.23 mm; L2 26.33 mm; HL 12.30 mm; HW 8.70 mm; Eye – ear 4.23; Snout 5.12: midbody scale rows 36; paravertebral scale rows 49; supraciliaries 7; supralabials 7; fifth supralabial below eye; infralabials 6; subdigital lamellae beneath 3 rd finger 22; subdigital lamellae beneath 4 th toe 29; enlarged nuchals 2; preoculars 2; presuboculars 1; postsupralabial divided; temporals – 1 primary, 2 secondary; ear vertical with sharp lobules at front and top (Fig. 8d); palpebral disc smaller than ear opening. The scales of the dorsal and lateral surfaces are smooth. Pattern: AMS R 31877 is badly faded and has lost all traces of patterning. Paralectotype AMS R 31876 still shows a hint of a dark upper lateral zone anterior to the forelimb, which is bordered above by a narrow, pale dorsolateral stripe.
description: Published as part of Donnellan, S. C., Couper, P. J., Saint, K. M. & Wheaton, L., 2009, Systematics of the Carlia ' fusca' complex (Reptilia: Scincidae) from northern Australia, pp. 1-31 in Zootaxa 2227 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2227.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5322567
Developing a second generation Laue lens prototype: high reflectivity crystals and accurate assembly
Creators: name: Barrière, Nicolas M.
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Boggs, Steven E.
name: Lowell, Alexander
name: von Ballmoos, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laue lenses are an emerging technology that will enhance gamma-ray telescope sensitivity by one to two orders of magnitude in selected energy bands of the \sim 100 keV to \sim 1.5 MeV range. This optic would be particularly well adapted to the observation of faint gamma ray lines, as required for the study of Supernovae and Galactic positron annihilation. It could also prove very useful for the study of hard X-ray tails from a variety of compact objects, especially making a difference by providing sufficient sensitivity for polarization to be measured by the focal plane detector. Our group has been addressing the two key issues relevant to improve performance with respect to the first generation of Laue lens prototypes: obtaining large numbers of efficient crystals and developing a method to fix them with accurate orientation and dense packing factor onto a substrate. We present preliminary results of an on-going study aiming to enable a large number of crystals suitable for diffraction at energies above 500 keV. In addition, we show the first results of the Laue lens prototype assembled using our beamline at SSL/UC Berkeley, which demonstrates our ability to orient and glue crystals with accuracy of a few arcsec, as required for an efficient Laue lens telescope.
description: Published in the proceedings of the SPIE conference held in San Diego in August 2011