Lonchodryinus bakeri Kieffer
Creators: name: Olmi, Massimo
name: Guglielmino, Adalgisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Dryinidae
Lonchodryinus
Lonchodryinus bakeri

description: Lonchodryinus bakeri (Kieffer)
(Figs 1, 2)
Anteon bakeri Kieffer, 1906: 239.
Prenanteon bakeri (Kieffer): Kieffer, 1914: 212.
Prenanteon micropunctatus Fenton, 1927: 15 (synonymized by Olmi, 1984); type locality: Nerepis (New Brunswick, Canada).
Prenanteon bakeri (Kieffer): Muesebeck & Walkley, 1951: 1041.
Prenanteon micropunctatus Fenton: Muesebeck & Walkley, 1951: 1042.
Prenanteon bakeri (Kieffer): Krombein, 1979: 1242.
Prenanteon micropunctatus Fenton: Krombein, 1979: 1242.
Lonchodryinus bakeri (Kieffer): Olmi, 1984: 278.
Lonchodryinus bakeri (Kieffer): Halstead & Haines, 1987: 392. Lonchodryinus bakeri (Kieffer): Moya-Raygoza & Olmi, 2010: 95.
Redescription. Female: fully winged; length 2.50–3.00 mm. Head black, except mandibles testaceous; occasionally head partly yellow or reddish; antennae completely testaceous-darkened, or testaceous, except segments 3–10 darkened; mesosoma black; occasionally pronotum partly yellow or reddish; gaster black or brown; legs testaceous or brown-testaceous, except proximal region of coxae black; occasionally only hind cox ae basally black. Antennae clavate; antenn al segm ents in the follow ing p ro portio ns: 11:6:15:17:14:13:10:9:9:11. Head shiny, smooth, finely punctate, without sculpture among punctures; occasionally anterior half more strongly punctate; frontal line absent; face without longitudinal keels; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 7; OPL = 7; TL = 7. Pronotum shiny, strongly punctate; pronotal tubercles reaching tegulae. Scutum shiny, finely punctate, without sculpture among punctures, more strongly punctate near anterior margin of scutum. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.50–0.65 length of scutum. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, without sculpture; occasionally metanotum slightly rugose. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without a transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; posterior surface with two longitudinal keels and median area as rugose as lateral areas; occasionally longitudinal keels of posterior surface hardly visible. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (11:7). Fore tarsal segments in the following proportions: 12:3:3:6:15. Segment 2 of fore tarsus produced into a hook. Enlarged claw (Fig. 1) with a proximal prominence bearing a long bristle. Segment 5 of fore tarsus (Fig. 1) with 2 rows of approximately 23–27 lamellae; distal apex with a group of approximately 4–7 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1, 1, 2.
Male: fully winged; length 1.75–3.25 mm. Head black, except mandibles testaceous; antennae brown, except segments 1–2 or only 1 testaceous; occasionally antennae totally brown; mesosoma and gaster black; legs testaceous, except hind coxae proximally black; occasionally legs brown, except articulations and part of fore legs testaceous. Antennae filiform; antennal segments in the following proportions: 10:6:14:15:14:14:13:13:12:13. Head shiny, smooth, strongly punctate, without sculpture among punctures; frontal line absent; face without longitudinal keels, with a median longitudinal furrow; occipital carina complete; POL = 6; OL = 3; OOL = 6; OPL = 3; TL = 4; OPL at least 1.5 times as long as greatest breadth of posterior ocelli. Scutum, scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, punctate, without sculpture among punctures. Notauli incomplete, reaching approximately 0.5 length of scutum. Propodeum dull, without a transverse keel between dorsal and posterior surface; dorsal surface reticulate rugose; posterior surface with two hardly visible longitudinal keels and with median area as rugose as lateral areas. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein approximately as long as proximal part. Parameres (Fig. 2) without a distal inner process and without papillae on inner side. Tibial spurs 1, 1, 2.
Type locality. Ormsby Co. (Nevada, USA)
Type material. Female holotype! of A. bakeri in CAS; female holotype! of P. micropunctatus in USNM.
Hosts. unknown.
Distribution. Nearctic region: Canada, Mexico, USA.
Material examined. CANADA: Alberta: 49°50’N 114°25’W (CNC!); Lethbridge (CNC!); Banff Nat. Park, Eisenhower Jct. (CNC!); Banff, Johnston Canyon (CNC!); Battle River (CNC!); Morley (CNC!); Frank (CNC!); Mc Murray (CNC!); Waterton Lakes Nat. Park, Cameron L. Rd. (CNC!); Waterton (PMA!); 25 mi. N Coleman (TAMU!); Cataract Creek Campground (PMA!); Haynes (CNC!); Swan Hills, 4.5 Km S of Jerry Creek Campground (PMA!); Swan Hills, Jerry Creek (PMA!); 2 Km S P. Lougheed Prov. Park along Hwy. 40, 51°30’N 115°00’W (PMA!); Brazeau River, 5 Km S Forestry Trunk Road (PMA!); Edmonton (USNM!); Banff, Mt. Cascade, 7500–8600’, Shate ridge, 12.VIII.1925 (USNM!); Grizzly Mt., Slave L., 3000’, 5.VIII.1924 (USNM!); 20 mi. W Calgary, Jumping Pd. Creek (CNC!); 15 mi. E Morley (CNC!); 8 mi. E Morley (CNC!). British Columbia: 30 Km W of Spallumchem, Falkland, Una Rest Area, 19.VII.1988, R. Danielsson coll. (MZLU!); Kitimat (CNC!); Stone Mt. Park (AEI!); Kitwanga (TAMU!); Stewart (TAMU!); Queen Charlotte Islands, Moresby Island, Sandspit (AMNH!); Hixon (CNC!); Cowichan Lake (CNC!); mi. 392 Alaska Hwy., Summit L. (CNC!); mi. 496 Alaska Hwy., Liard Hot Spg. (CNC!); Ketchum Lake (CNC!); Pete Lake (CNC!); Atlin (CNC!); Terrace (CNC!); Terrace, Shames (CNC!); Terrace, Lakelse Lake (CNC!); Terrace, Spring Creek (CNC!); Terrace, Gagon Road (CNC!); Robson (CNC!); Pr. Rupert (CNC!); Hedley, Nickle Plate City (CNC!); Cultus Lake (CNC!); 15 Km E of Briscoe (TAMU!); 10 Km E of Coldstream, Lumby (MZLU!); 15 Km E of Osoyoos (MZLU!); 11 mi. NNW of Fernie (TAMU!); Vancouver, Mesoche Island (AMNH!); West Harisson Lake Road, 0.8 Km N Fish Hatchery, 49°19.26’N 121°52.41’W, 30 m, 19.VI.2000, open mossy knoll, Goulet & Gillespie coll., 1 female (CNC!); 30 Km S hwy. 5, Valemont, 22.VII.1985, A. Finnamore & T. Thormin coll. (CNC!); Bear Lake, 20–29.VII.1903, R.P. Currie coll. (USNM!); Nancy Green Lake, about 24 Km WSW Castlegar, 14.VIII.2002, M. von Tschirnhaus coll. (TCC!). Labrador: Cartwright (CNC!); Hebron (CNC!); Goose Bay (CNC!); Raleigh (AEI!); Doyles (AEI!). Manitoba: Churchill (CNC!); Brandon (CNC!); Churchill, Warkworth Creek (CNC!). New Brunswick: Nerepis, female holotype of P. micropunctatus (USNM!); Kouchibouguac Nat. Park (CNC!); Prince of Wales (CNC!). Newfoundland: South Branch (CNC!). Northwest Territories: Good Hope (CAS!); Norman Wells (CNC!). Nova Scotia: Victoria Co., Mt. Barren, Hunter’s (FSCA!); Victoria Co., mi. 15 Highland Road (FSCA!); Victoria Co., Highland Road, mi. 16 East Road (FSCA!); Victoria Co., Baddeck, Beinn Bhreagh (FSCA!). Ontario: Stittsville (CNC! AEI!); Ottawa (CNC!); Merivale (CNC!); Gloucester (PMA!); Dundas (CNC!); Carleton Co., Constance Bay (CNC!); Hamilton (PMA! CNC!); Thunder Bay (PMA! CNC!); 7 mi. E Griffith (PMA!); Wylde Lake Bog (PMA!); Hartley Bay, Bear’s Den Lodge, 46°03’N 80°47’W, 16- 21.VIII.1992 (USNM!). Quebec: Kam. Co., Lac Crescence (CNC!); Mistassini (CNC!); Chimo (CNC!); Great Whale River (CNC!); Hull (CNC!); Old Chelsea, Summit of Mt. King (CNC!); Old Chelsea (CNC!); Papineau Co., Buckingham Twp. (CNC!); Gatineau Park (TAMU!); Gatineau Park, King Mt. (PMA!); Gatineau, Camp Fortune (MZLU!); Luskville Falls, 300 m (PMA!); Mt. Pinacle, Summit of Mt. Audette, 712 m (CNC!). Saskatchewan: White Fox (CNC!). Yukon: Klondike Loop J–3.6, Takhini Hot Springs, 8.VIII.1978 (CAS!); Tombstone C.G. (TAMU!); Rampart House (CNC!); Dawson (CNC! AEI!); Mile 51 Dempster Hwy. (CNC!); Watson Lake (CNC!); Dawson, Gravel Lake (CNC!); Yukon–British Columbia border, Chilkat Pass (CNC!); Klo-Kut, Old Crowarea, Between Porcupine R. and Small Lake (CNC!). MEXICO: Durango: El Salto (CNC!); Durango (CNC!). USA: Alaska: Deering (CNC!); Umiat (CNC!); Unalakleet (CNC!); Naknek, King Salmon (CNC!); Naknek (CNC!); Anchorage (USNM! CNC!); Mile 289 Rich. Hwy., Shaw Creek (CNC!); Mile 206 Richardson Hwy., Isabel Pass (CNC!); Fairbanks, 135 m, 2.VII.1921, 10.VII.1978 (CAS! FSCA! MOLC!); Big Delta (CNC!); Paxson (AEI!); George Parks Highway A–178, Honolulu Creek (CAS!); Valdez, Valdez Glacier Campground (CAS!); Valdez, 7.VII.1948 (USNM!); Kenai Peninsula, Tern Lake (PMA!); Kodiak Island Refugium, 19.VI.1962 (USNM!); Taylor Highway, Klondike Loop D–94.7, Walker Fork Campground, 7.VII.1978 (CAS!); Sterling, Corey Street, Malaise trap, 14.VI.2004, Picea glauca forest, D. Collet coll. (DCC!); Mile 12 Seward Hwy., wet meadow, 27.VII.1997, D. Collett coll. (DCC!). Arizona: Cochise Co., Portal (AEI!); Cochise Co., 12 mi. W Montezuma Pass, Sycamore Canyon, 1.IX.1991 (USNM!); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Chiricahua Pk., 9400–9650’ (FSCA!); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., Rustler Park, 8300’ (AEI! CAS!); Graham Co., Hospital Flat, Pinaleno Mts., 8950’ (CAS!); Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Bear Wallow, 8200’ (MSUEL!); Coconino Co., 12 mi. NW Flagstaff, Hart Prairie (MSUEL!); Coconino Co., 20 Km N Flagstaff (AEI!). California: Siskiyou Co., Mt. Shasta, Mc. Bride Springs, 1524 m (CNC!); Del Norte Co., Crescent City (AEI!); Tulare Co., Ash Mountain Kaweah Power Station (RDHC!); Tulare Co., Sequoia Nat. Forest, 0.5 airmi. NNE Sherman Pass, Sirretta Road, 35°60’N 118°21’W, 2300 m (LACM!); Sonoma Co., Plantation (RDHC!); Mono Co., Mill Creek Canyon (CDAE!); Alpine Co., 1 mi. S Monitor Pass (CDAE!); Alpine Co., Lake Alpine, Lily Pond, 1500’ (CNC!); Trinity Co., Ward Lake, 7000’ (CAS!); Placer Co., Tahoe Nat. Forest, Ward’s Canyon Meadow, 7.2 Km SW of Tahoe City, 2134 m (CAS!); El Dorado Co., Tahoe Keys, S of Lake Tahoe, 1.VIII.1978 (SEMC!); Nevada Co., Sagehen Creek (UCD!); Nevada Co., Truckee (UCD!); Humboldt Co., Arcata (CAS!); Tuolumne Co., Tuolumne Meadows, 1.VII.1940 (SEMC!); Tuolumne Co., Tioga Pass, 31.VII.1940 (SEMC!). Colorado: Larimer Co., Estes Park (CNC!); Larimer Co., 22 Km W Livermore, 2300 m (AEI!); Larimer Co., Hewlett Gulch, 6000’ (CSU!); Larimer Co., Twin Sisters (USNM!); Larimer Co., Lory State Park, 6800’ (CSU!); Rocky Mountain National Park, Phantom Valley, 9400’, 17.VI.1948 (USNM! AEI!); Rio Blanco Co., 2 mi. S Meeker, 8500’ (CNC!); Eagle Co., White River Nat. Forest, 9.2 mi. S Minturn, 9080’ (TAMU!); Eagle Co., 20 mi. N Leadville, Hornsilver Campground, 8800’ (TAMU!); Chaffee Co., Garfield, on South Arkansas River, 2990 m (CAS!); Clear Creek Co., Mt. Evans, Chicago Cr. (CNC!); Clear Creek Co., Mt. Evans, Doolittle Ranch, 9800’, 9.VIII.1961, B. H. Poole coll. (CNC!); Clear Creek Co., Mt. Evans, Echo Lake (CNC!); Clear Creek Co., West Chicago Cr., 9800’ (CNC!); Clear Creek Co., Idaho Springs (CNC!); Clear Creek Co., Loveland Pass (CNC!); Denver Co., Denver (HNHM!); Summit Co., Horosier Pass (CNC!); Garfield Co., 40 mi. S Rangely, 8000’ (TAMU!); Laramie Co., Pineywood Springs (MSUEL!); Boulder Co., Lyons (MSUEL!); Park Co., Grant, Geneva Park, 9500–10000’, 22.VII.1916 (USNM!); Jackson Co., Gould (AEI!); Fremont Co., Red Canyon Park, 12 mi. N Caсon City, 38°32’N 105°13’W, 26.VIII.1991, G. F. & J. F. Hevel coll. (USNM!); Custer Co., 10 mi. SW Wetmore, 11.VIII.1971, G. F. & S. Hevel coll. (USNM! AMNH!); Grand Co., 17 mi. N Granby, State Hwy. 125, 26.VII.1994, R. Wharton coll. (TAMU!). Idaho: Custer Co., Stanley (AEI!); Boise Co., Idaho City (AEI!); Bear Lake Co., Emigration Canyon (USNM!). Iowa: Woodbury Co., Sioux City, 17.VI.1926 (USNM!). Kansas: Douglas Co., Lawrence (UCD!). Louisiana: Rapides Co., Parish (AEI!). Maine: Washington Co., Machias (MCZ!); Franklin Co., Dryden (AEI! BMNH!). Maryland: Prince Georges Co., Oxon Hill (USNM!); Carroll Co., Finksburg (USNM!); Montgomery Co., Cabin John (AEI!). Massachusetts: Worcester Co., Petersham (MCZ!); Middlesex Co., Bedford (MCZ!); Middlesex Co., Holliston (MCZ!). Michigan: Manistee Co., Dublin (MSUEL!); Kalamazoo Co., Gull Lake Biol. Station (MSUEL!); Lake Co., Big Star Lake (MSUEL!); Lake Co., Branch (MSUEL!); Washtenaw Co. (MOLC!); Washtenaw Co., Ann Arbor (BMNH! BPBM! MZLU!); Washtenaw Co., 5 mi. SW Manchester, 8.VIII.1975, C.T. Maier coll. (INHS!); Alger Co. (MSUEL!); Benzie Co. (AMNH!); Iron Co. (AMNH!); Iron Co., Iron River (AEI!); Iron Co., Crystal Falls (AEI!); Midland Co. (MSUEL!); Ionia Co., Lake Odessa (BMNH!); Marquette Co., Yellow Dog Plains (AEI!); Chippewa Co. (MSUEL!); Delta Co. (MSUEL!); Schoolcraft Co. (MSUEL!); Mackinac Co. (MSUEL!); Dickinson Co. (MSUEL!). Minnesota: St. Louis Co., 10 mi. W Tower, 14–15.VI.1982 (USNM!); St. Louis Co., Eagles Nest, 13.VII.1957 (INHS!). Missouri: Boone Co., Columbia (UCD!). Montana: Gallatin Co., Fairy L., Bridger Range, 15 mi. N Bozeman, 7500’ (TAMU!); Gallatin Co., 23 mi. NNW West Yellowstone, Beaver Creek (AMNH!); Madison Co., Tobacco Root Mts., S Willow Crk., Potosi (MSUB!); Flathead Co., West Glacier, 25–29.VII.1988, H. Andersen coll. (UCR!); Park Co., Sace Creek Trail, 45°36.11’N 110°34.20’W, 1705 m, 3–6.VIII.2001, Wharton & Woolley coll. (TAMU!). Nebraska: Platte Co., Columbus (CNC!). Nevada: Ormsby Co., July, female holotype of A. bakeri, Baker coll. (CAS!); further specimen (USNM!). New Hampshire: Coos Co., summit of Mt. Washington, 5288’–6100’ (MCZ! CNC!); Strafford Co., Durham (USNM!); Grafton Co., White Mts., 700 m (CNC!); Carroll/Coos Co., Crawford Notch (MCZ!). New Jersey: Sussex Co., High Point State Park (AEI!). New Mexico: Lincoln Co., Sr. Blanca, 9700’ (CNC!); Otero Co., Cloudcroft, 27.VI.1940 (SEMC!). New York: Schuyler Co., Valois, 16.VII.2001, B. Nusillard coll. (BNC! MOLC!); Long Island, Suffolk Co., Huntington, Kalbfleisch Field Station (AMNH!); Long Island, Suffolk Co., South Haven, 10–18.VI.1976 (AMNH!); Essex Co., Lake Placid (CNC!); Essex Co., State Truck Road, 25.VII.1981, S. Heydon coll. (INHS!); Tompkins Co., Along Slaterville Springs– Caroline Center road (LACM!); Rensselaer Co., Troy (AEI!); Westchester Co., Armonk, Calder Center (FSCA!); Long Island, Nassau Co., Farmingdale (MLPA!); Oneida Co., Otter Lake, 25.VII.1946 (SEMC!). North Carolina: Mc Dowell Co., 37°00’N 81°30’W (PMA!); Haywood Co., Mount Plagah (FSCA!); Macon Co., Highlands (CNC! AEI!); Buncombe/Haywood Co., Mt. Pisgah (AEI!); Haywood/Jackson Co., Balsam Gap, Balsam Mts. (MCZ!). North Dakota: Slope Co., Badlands, 46°35’51’’N 103°26’45’’W, 808 m (AEI!); Slope Co., 46°35’N 103°26’W (AEI!); Mc Henry Co., 28–31.VII.1969 (USNM!). Oklahoma: Latimer Co. (FSCA!). Oregon: Clackamas Co., Mt. Hood (AEI!); Grant Co., Blue Mts., Hwy. 73, 1 mi. E Hwy. 52 (PMA!); Grant Co., Aldrich Mts. (AEI!); Union Co., Mt. Emily (AEI!); Benton Co., near Corvallis, Mary’s Peak, 15.VIII.1984 (USNM!); Benton Co., Corvallis (MCZ!); Crook Co., Ochoco Creek (AEI!); Lincoln Co., 8 mi. E Eddyville, 6.VIII.1985, sweep, A. Finnamore & T. Thormin coll. (CNC!). South Dakota: Custer Co., Black Hills, Sylvan Lake (CNC!); Lawrence Co., Black Hills Nat. Forest, Cheyenne Crossing (MSUEL!); Lawrence Co., 6.2 mi. SW of Lead, 6000’, 10.VII.1959 (SEMC!). Texas: Kerr Co., Kerrville (AEI!). Utah: Rich Co., Garden City (UCD!); Uintah Co., Vernal, Big Brush Cr. (CNC!); Uintah Co., Vernal (CNC!); Daggett Co., 48 mi. N Vernal (TAMU!); Cache Co., Tony Grove Jct. (AMNH!); Cache Co., Logan Canyon, Bunchgrass Creek (USU!); Cache Co., Logan Canyon, Twin Creek (USU!); Cache Co., Cowley Canyon (USU!); Cache Co., Ant Valley, 21.VII.1976, G. F. Knowlton coll. (USNM!); Summit Co., Henry’s Fork Park, 9600’ (CNC!); Summit Co., Henry’s Fork Park, 9600’, 1–10.VIII.1979, S. & J. Peck coll. (CNC!); Sevier Co., Clear Creek Canyon, 9300 ft., 4.VIII.1941 (SEMC!). Vermont: Windham Co., Newfane (MCZ!); Orange Co., Strafford, K.W. Cooper coll. (UCR!). Virginia: Fairfax Co., near Annandale, 20.VI.1987 (in USNM!); Arlington Co., Falls Church (MCZ!); Madison/Page Co., Shenandoah National Park, Big Meadows, 1000 m (MZLU!). Washington: Okanagan Co., Okanagan Nat. Forest (PMA!); Pend Oreille Co., 9 mi. N Metaline Falls (TAMU!); Grays Harbor Co., 15 Km NW Aberdeen (MZLU!); Grays Harbor Co., Westport (AEI!); Whatcom Co., Bellingham (UWM!); Pierce Co., Eatonville (MZLU!); Pierce Co., Mt. Rainier (AEI!); San Juan Co., Orcas Island, Mt. Constitution (MCZ!); Mason Co., Union (MCZ!). Wisconsin: Polk Co. (CAS!); Jackson Co. (AEI! UWM!); Oneida Co. (UWM!); Florence Co. (UWM!); Fond du Lac Co. (AEI!); Grant Co., State Nurs. Boscobel (AEI!); Bayfield Co. (AEI!); Douglas Co., 46°11.3’N 91°98.3’W, 28.VII.1988, D.G. McCullough coll. (UCR!). Wyoming: Park Co., Yellowstone Nat. Park, Dunraven Pass (MCZ!); Teton Co., 6.8 mi. N South Entrance of Yellowstone Nat. Park (UWL!); Teton Co., 3.8 mi. N South Entrance of Yellowstone Nat. Park (UWL!); Teton Co., 9 mi. N South Entrance of Yellowstone Nat. Park (UWL!); Teton Co., 9.7 mi. N South Entrance of Yellowstone Nat. Park (UWL!); Teton Co., Hoback Campground, 20 mi. SE Jackson (TAMU!); Teton Co., Grand Teton Nat. Park, UW–NPS Research Station, Scott R. Shaw coll., 28.VII–15.VIII.2002; 13–14.VIII.2002 (UWL! MOLC!); Teton Co., Grand Teton Nat. Park, lodgepole pine forest, grassy clearing, Malaise trap, 16–23.VII.1991, J. Struttman coll. (UWL!); Teton Co., Grand Teton Nat. Park, Jackson Hole Research Station (MCZ!); Johnson Co., Bighorn Nat. Forest, Tie Hack Campground (MSUEL!); Albany Co., Medicine Bow Nat. Forest, Happy Jack Recreation Area (UWL!); Albany Co., Medicine Bow Nat. Forest, 1.5 mi. S Lincoln Monument (UWL!); Albany Co., Medicine Bow Nat. Forest, 5 mi. SW Lincoln Monument, meadow nr. mixed forest, 20–26.VIII.1990, S. R. Shaw coll. (UWL!); Albany Co., Medicine Bow Nat. Forest, 0.4 mi. S Lincoln Monument (UWL!); Albany Co., Medicine Bow Nat.
Forest, 1.5 mi. W of Centennial, snowy range, mixed forest, Malaise trap, 4–14.VII.1991, Mina coll. (UWL!); Carbon Co., Mi. 55.5 of Hwy. 130, forest edge, ripar., 25.VII–8.VIII.1995, Fortier & Ramirez coll. (UWL!).
description: Published as part of Olmi, Massimo & Guglielmino, Adalgisa, 2010, Revision of Nearctic species of Lonchodryinus Kieffer 1905, with description of a new species from New Mexico (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), pp. 30-40 in Zootaxa 2654 on pages 31-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.198910