cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A proto-helium white dwarf stripped by a substellar companion via common-envelope ejection -- Uncovering the true nature of a candidate hypervelocity B-type star
Creators: name: Irrgang, Andreas
name: Geier, Stephan
name: Heber, Ulrich
name: Kupfer, Thomas
name: El-Badry, Kareem
name: Bloemen, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past, SDSS J160429.12+100002.2 was spectroscopically classified as a blue horizontal branch (BHB) star. Assuming a luminosity that is characteristic of BHB stars, the object's radial velocity and proper motions from Gaia Early Data Release 3 would imply that its Galactic rest-frame velocity exceeds its local escape velocity. Consequently, the object would be considered a hypervelocity star, which would prove particularly interesting because its Galactic trajectory points in our direction. However, based on the spectroscopic analysis of follow-up observations, we show that the object is actually a short-period ($P \approx 3.4$ h) single-lined spectroscopic binary system with a visible B-type star (effective temperature $T_{\mathrm{eff}} = 15\,840\pm160$ K and surface gravity $\log(g) = 4.86\pm0.04$) that is less luminous than typical BHB stars. Accordingly, the distance of the system is lower than originally thought, which renders its Galactic orbit bound to the Galaxy. Nevertheless, it is still an extreme halo object on a highly retrograde orbit. The abundances of He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, and Ca are subsolar by factors from 3 to more than 100, while Fe is enriched by a factor of about 6. This peculiar chemical composition pattern is most likely caused by atomic diffusion processes. Combining constraints from astrometry, orbital motion, photometry, and spectroscopy, we conclude that the visible component is an unevolved proto-helium white dwarf with a thin hydrogen envelope that was stripped by a substellar companion through common-envelope ejection. Its unique configuration renders the binary system an interesting test bed for stellar binary evolution in general and common-envelope evolution in particular.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (Astronomy and Astrophysics)
Are Supernova Kicks Responsible for X-ray Binary Ejection from Young Clusters?
Creators: name: Sepinsky, J.
name: Kalogera, V.
name: Belczynski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent Chandra observations of interacting and starburst galaxies have led us to investigate the apparent correlation between the positions of young star clusters and Chandra point sources. Assumed to be X-ray binaries (XRBs), these point sources do not seem to coincide with the massive (~1e5 Msun), young (1-50 Myr) stellar clusters that can easily form systems capable of such emission. We use a sophisticated binary evolution and population synthesis code (StarTrack) and a simplified cluster model to track both the X-ray luminosity and position of XRBs as a function of time. These binaries are born within the cluster potential with self-consistent positions and velocities and we show that a large fraction (~70%) can be ejected from the parent due to supernova explosions and associated systemic velocities. For brighter sources and cluster masses below ~1e6 Msun, we find that the average number of bright XRBs per cluster remains near or below unity, consistent with current observations.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Their learning, your culture : understanding the impact of organizational culture on the learning of nursing students within a school of nursing
Creators: name: Langlois, Barbara Gwen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Understanding the actions and behaviours of members who are part of an organizational culture allows us to gain insight into what organizational culture is and how it may impact those who interact within that organizational culture. In a School of Nursing, students enter into the educational institution expecting to learn how to become a nurse while the nursing faculty employed within the educational institution are expected to provide students with this learning. This qualitative descriptive study was conducted to gain an understanding of how the organizational culture of a basic nursing education program impacts student learning. The study was conducted using semi structured interviews with ten nursing faculty members employed at three nursing degree granting educational institutions located within the Lower Mainland. The findings of this study revealed nursing faculty may have impacted student learning directly through classroom and teaching methods, clinical experiences, journalling, and through evaluation techniques. On the basis of the findings to this study, two aspects seemed particularly relevant and warranted further discussion. The first aspect was being part of an organization the participants believed in and that fit with their personal and professional values. The second aspect was the tension that seemed to exist for many of these nursing faculty members in relation to ways of dealing with power issues in student-faculty relationships, particularly where the organizational philosophy was perceived to be contradictory to what was enacted in actual educational practice.
The hard-edge tacnode process for Brownian motion
Creators: name: Ferrari, Patrik L.
name: Vető, Bálint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60B20

description: We consider $N$ non-intersecting Brownian bridges conditioned to stay below a fixed threshold. We consider a scaling limit where the limit shape is tangential to the threshold. In the large $N$ limit, we determine the limiting distribution of the top Brownian bridge conditioned to stay below a function as well as the limiting correlation kernel of the system. It is a one-parameter family of processes which depends on the tuning of the threshold position on the natural fluctuation scale. We also discuss the relation to the six-vertex model and to the Aztec diamond on restricted domains.
description: 35 pages, 2 figures
Dense Cloud Ablation and Ram Pressure Stripping of the Virgo Spiral NGC 4402
Creators: name: Crowl, Hugh H.
name: Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.
name: van Gorkom, J. H.
name: Vollmer, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical, HI and radio continuum observations of the highly inclined Virgo Cluster Sc galaxy NGC 4402, which show evidence for ram-pressure stripping and dense cloud ablation. VLA HI and radio continuum maps show a truncated gas disk and emission to the northwest of the main disk emission. In particular, the radio continuum emission is asymmetrically extended to the north and skewed to the west. The Halpha image shows numerous HII complexes along the southern edge of the gas disk, possibly indicating star formation triggered by the ICM pressure. BVR images at 0.5" resolution obtained with the WIYN Tip-Tilt Imager show a remarkable dust lane morphology: at half the optical radius, the dust lane of the galaxy curves up and out of the disk, matching the HI morphology. Large dust plumes extend upward for ~1.5 kpc from luminous young star clusters at the SE edge of the truncated gas disk. These star clusters are very blue, indicating very little dust reddening, which suggests dust blown away by an ICM wind at the leading edge of the interaction. To the south of the main ridge of interstellar material, where the galaxy is relatively clean of gas and dust, we have discovered 1 kpc long linear dust filaments with a position angle that matches the extraplanar radio continuum tail; we interpret this angle as the projected ICM wind direction. One of the observed dust filaments has an HII region at its head. We interpret these dust filaments as large, dense clouds which were initially left behind as the low-density ISM is stripped, but are then ablated by the ICM wind. These results provide striking new evidence on the fate of molecular clouds in stripped cluster galaxies.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in AJ. See ftp://ftp.astro.yale.edu/pub/hugh/papers/crowl_n4402.ps.gz for a version with high-resolution figures
String tensions and deconfinement transition in the SU(4) center vortex model
Creators: name: Engelhardt, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A center vortex model for the infrared sector of SU(4) Yang-Mills theory is constructed such as to reproduce both the ratio between the zero-temperature quark and diquark string tensions known from lattice Yang-Mills theory, as well as the properties of the deconfinement transition. On this basis, the temperature dependence of the spatial quark and diquark string tensions is predicted. Though still phenomenologically viable, details of the construction of the SU(4) center vortex model corroborate previous arguments that modeling infrared Yang-Mills dynamics purely in terms of vortex world-surface characteristics may become less appropriate as the number of colors is increased.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, talk presented at Lattice2005(Topology and Confinement), Dublin, July 25-30, 2005
Bacteria solve the problem of crowding by moving slowly
Creators: name: Meacock, Oliver J.
name: Doostmohammadi, Amin
name: Foster, Kevin R.
name: Yeomans, Julia M.
name: Durham, William M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems as diverse as migrating mammals to road traffic, crowding acts to inhibit efficient collective movement. Bacteria, however, are observed to move in very dense groups containing billions of individuals without causing the gridlock common to other systems. Here we combine experiments, cell tracking and individual-based modelling to study the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa as it collectively migrates across surfaces using grappling-hook like pili. We show that the fast moving cells of a hyperpilated mutant are overtaken and outcompeted by the slower moving wild-type at high cell densities. Using theory developed to study liquid crystals, we demonstrate that this effect is mediated by the physics of topological defects, points where cells with different orientations meet one another. Our analyses reveal that when comet-like defects collide with one another, the fast-moving mutant cells rotate vertically and become trapped. By moving more slowly, wild-type cells avoid this trapping mechanism, allowing them to collectively migrate faster. Our work suggests that the physics of liquid crystals has played a pivotal role in the evolution of collective bacterial motility by exerting a strong selection for cells that exercise restraint in their movement.
description: 48 pages, 4 figures, 10 extended data figures
EFFICIENCY IN INTRAHOUSEHOLD RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Creators: name: Fafchamps, Marcel
name: Fafchamps, Marcel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper examines the allocation of productive resources within rural households of poor countries. Building upon the existing literature, it provides a consistent framework from which to study productive efficiency and intrahousehold equity. The topics discussed include returns to scale and household centralization; specialization and gender casting; separate spheres and commitment failure; labor market cartelization and discrimination; and the provision of home public goods in the presence of free riding. We show that intrahousehold productive inefficiency should not arise unless household members are prevented from entering into enforceable side contracts. Our analysis predicts that intrahousehold inefficiency increases with factors that exacerbate commitment failure such as short time horizon, low assets, unequal stakes in the household, and poor external enforcement. Patrimonial laws and customs regarding inheritance and divorce can be understood as efforts to mitigate commitment failure within the household.
How to Teach DNNs to Pay Attention to the Visual Modality in Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Sterpu, George
name: Saam, Christian
name: Harte, Naomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Audio-Visual Speech Recognition (AVSR) seeks to model, and thereby exploit, the dynamic relationship between a human voice and the corresponding mouth movements. A recently proposed multimodal fusion strategy, AV Align, based on state-of-the-art sequence to sequence neural networks, attempts to model this relationship by explicitly aligning the acoustic and visual representations of speech. This study investigates the inner workings of AV Align and visualises the audio-visual alignment patterns. Our experiments are performed on two of the largest publicly available AVSR datasets, TCD-TIMIT and LRS2. We find that AV Align learns to align acoustic and visual representations of speech at the frame level on TCD-TIMIT in a generally monotonic pattern. We also determine the cause of initially seeing no improvement over audio-only speech recognition on the more challenging LRS2. We propose a regularisation method which involves predicting lip-related Action Units from visual representations. Our regularisation method leads to better exploitation of the visual modality, with performance improvements between 7% and 30% depending on the noise level. Furthermore, we show that the alternative Watch, Listen, Attend, and Spell network is affected by the same problem as AV Align, and that our proposed approach can effectively help it learn visual representations. Our findings validate the suitability of the regularisation method to AVSR and encourage researchers to rethink the multimodal convergence problem when having one dominant modality.
description: in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing (to appear)
ENDOGENEITY OF SCHOOLING IN THE WAGE FUNCTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE RURAL PHILIPPINES
Creators: name: Maluccio, John A.
name: Maluccio, John A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper evaluates the effect (in terms of private returns) of investment in education on wages in the rural Philippines. Statistical endogeneity of education in the wage function may result from (1) unobserved determinants of education that also influence wages and/or (2) measurement error. Panel data are used that provide relevant instruments, particularly distance to schools and measures of household resources, at the time of schooling, to endogenize investments in education while estimating wage functions. The estimated return to education increases more than 60 percent when education is endogenized. This increase is robust to the inclusion of a measure of health, models of selection into the sample, and measurement error. The paper suggests how heterogeneous returns to education might account for the magnitude of the downward bias in returns to schooling.
TESTING NASH-BARGAINING HOUSEHOLD MODELS WITH TIME-SERIES DATA
Creators: name: Hoddinott, John
name: Adam, Christopher
name: Hoddinott, John
name: Adam, Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This paper uses a “natural experiment” in Canadian divorce law reform to discriminate empirically between unitary and Nash-bargained models of the household. Using time-series data from three Canadian provinces, it demonstrates that following landmark divorce law reforms in the 1970s—reforms that led to improvements in women's expected settlement upon divorce in Ontario and British Columbia, suicide rates for older, married women in these provinces registered a sharp decline. Similar declines were not registered for younger, unmarried women or men in Ontario and British Columbia, nor for older, married women in Quebec, where the legal basis for divorce did not change. These results are consistent with Nash-bargained models of the household but not with the unitary model.
Isolated hydatid cyst of pancreatic tail masquerading as serous cystadenoma
Creators: name: SHRIRANG KULKARNI
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110307 Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Isolated hydatid cyst of pancreatic tail masquerading as serous cystadenoma
AGRICULTURAL WAGES AND FOOD PRICES IN EGYPT: A GOVERNORATE-LEVEL ANALYSIS FOR 1976-1993
Creators: name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Olmsted, Jennifer
name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Olmsted, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Labor and Human Capital

description: The trend in real agricultural wages in Egypt is described well by an inverted U-shaped curve with a peak around 1985. But the rise and fall of real wages masks a complex dynamic process by which nominal wages adjust in response to changes in food prices. We use governorate-level panel data for 1976–1993 to explore the nature of this adjustment process. Our results indicate that nominal wages adjust slowly. There is a significant negative initial impact of rising food prices on real wages, though wages do catch up in the long run.
URBAN CHALLENGES TO FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY: A REVIEW OF FOOD SECURITY, HEALTH, AND CAREGIVING IN THE CITIES
Creators: name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Oshaug, Arne
name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Slack, Alison
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Morris, Saul Sutkover
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Oshaug, Arne
name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Slack, Alison
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: No developing country can afford to ignore the shift in the locus of poverty, food insecurity, and malnutrition from rural to urban areas it is now experiencing. This review of recent literature explores the urban face of food and nutrition security in a more comprehensive, integrated way than most previous efforts. The review is organized around a conceptual framework that identifies food insecurity, inadequate caring behaviors, and poor health as the primary causes of malnutrition. It discusses current knowledge in eight areas that require the special attention of policymakers, development practitioners, and program administrators who wish to improve urban food and nutrition security: • the sources and cost of food; • incomes and employment; • urban agriculture; • urban diets; • child caregiving practices; • childhood mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition; • health and environment; and • social assistance programs, or safety nets. The review also reports on the magnitude of rural-urban and intra-urban health differences in mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition. In conclusion, the review indicates which policy issues and knowledge gaps remain for future research to address.
A microquasar shot out from its birth place
Creators: name: Mirabel, I. F.
name: Rodrigues, I.
name: Liu, Q. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the microquasar LSI+61303 is running away from its birth place in a young complex of massive stars. The supernova explosion that formed the compact object shot out the x-ray binary with a linear momentum of 430 +/- 140 Msun km/s, which is comparable to the linear momenta found in solitary runaway neutron stars and millisecond pulsars. The properties of the binary system and its runaway motion of 27 +/- 6 km/s imply that the natal supernova was asymmetric and that the upper limit for the mass that could have been suddenly ejected in the explosion is ~2 Msun. The initial mass of the progenitor star of the compact object that is inferred depends on whether the formation of massive stars in the parent stellar cluster was coeval or a sequential process.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Published in A&A, see http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2004A%26A...422L..29M and the NRAO press release at http://www.nrao.edu/pr/2004/shotout/
COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS FOR POVERTY MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Datt, Gaurav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper introduces some relatively simple computational tools for estimating poverty measures from the sort of data that are typically available from published sources. All that is required for using these tools is an elementary regression package. The methodology also easily lends itself to a number of poverty simulations that are discussed. The paper addresses the central question: How do we construct poverty measures from grouped data? Two broad approaches are examined: simple interpolation methods and methods based on parameterized Lorenz curves. The second method is examined in detail.
Recent Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Microdrilling of Polymers with Ultraviolet Laser Beams
Creators: name: Lazare, Sylvain
name: Tokarev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser drilling becomes of increasing importance when hole diameter is in the range of 10 to 50 mum, for which conventional alternative approaches are becoming difficult and cost inefficient. Furthermore, it is viewed as the technique of choice for a number of composite materials and hard materials which are not readily processed at the microscopic level by contact mechanical tools. We have demonstrated that suitable experimental conditions are capable of producing microholes with record aspect-ratio (up to 600) in pure polymers like PET, PI, PC, PS, PMMA, PEEK,... For example holes of diameter typically 30 mum can be as long as 18 mm, depth at which the drilling rate is getting nearly zero and the profile stationary. Other materials (metals, ceramics) which can be similarly laser microdrilled do not exhibit such very high aspect-ratio. The mechanisms of the drilling process have been studied in details and an original analytical model has been constructed recently. The various experimental results, obtained with the KrF laser, will be reviewed with emphasis on the parameters leading to formation of good holes with high aspect-ratio. For the application it is also important to note that such high values of aspect-ratio are obtained with regular configuration of the KrF laser giving a standard divergence of 3 mrad. However as shown by the model there is still room for improvement by using a beam with a lower divergence (theoretical limit is 0.2 mrad). Further experimental work is now in progress.
description: conference invitee internationale
A Deep Learning based Wearable Healthcare IoT Device for AI-enabled Hearing Assistance Automation
Creators: name: Young, Fraser
name: Zhang, L
name: Jiang, Richard
name: Liu, Han
name: Wall, Conor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the recent booming of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning techniques, digital healthcare is one of the prevalent areas that could gain benefits from AI-enabled functionality. This research presents a novel AI-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) device operating from the ESP-8266 platform capable of assisting those who suffer from impairment of hearing or deafness to communicate with others in conversations. In the proposed solution, a server application is created that leverages Google's online speech recognition service to convert the received conversations into texts, then deployed to a micro-display attached to the glasses to display the conversation contents to deaf people, to enable and assist conversation as normal with the general population. Furthermore, in order to raise alert of traffic or dangerous scenarios, an 'urban-emergency' classifier is developed using a deep learning model, Inception-v4, with transfer learning to detect/recognize alerting/alarming sounds, such as a horn sound or a fire alarm, with texts generated to alert the prospective user. The training of Inception-v4 was carried out on a consumer desktop PC and then implemented into the AI based IoT application. The empirical results indicate that the developed prototype system achieves an accuracy rate of 92% for sound recognition and classification with real-time performance.
Calvia flaveola Booth
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Calvia
Calvia flaveola

description: Calvia flaveola Booth
(Figs 36, 37)
Calvia flaveola Booth, 1997: 932 (Holotype male, BMNH; Type locality: Joshimath / Uttarakhand); Poorani 2002a: 323.
Diagnosis. Length: 5.70–6.60 mm; width: 5.00– 5.50 mm. Form (Fig. 36a) elongate oval, dorsum weakly convex, glabrous except head with silvery white hairs. Dorsal side pale yellow, elytra immaculate, sometimes with three broad brighter yellow stripes, one adjacent to suture, one discal and one sublateral, the sutural and sublateral ones apically joined. Underside pale yellow, metaventrite slightly darker. Prosternum carinate, carinae medially narrowed and divergent at both ends (Fig. 36b). Middle and hind tibiae with a pair of apical spurs. Male genitalia (Fig. 36c–f) and spermatheca (Fig. 36g) as illustrated.
Immature stages. Larva (Fig. 37a, b), pupa (Fig. 37c) and live adult (Fig. 37d–f) as illustrated.
Distribution. India (Uttarakhand, Jammu & Kashmir); Pakistan; Afghanistan (new record from label data); Myanmar.
Seasonal occurrence. Collected during May–June (label data).
Prey / Associated habitat. Aphidophagous. Recorded as a predator of Macrosiphoniella pseudoartemisiae Shinji on Artemisia vulgaris, walnut aphid, undetermined aphids (Booth 1997). Collected on walnut and willow (label data).
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
A PROFILE OF POVERTY IN EGYPT: 1997
Creators: name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Sharma, Manohar P.
name: Datt, Gaurav
name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Sharma, Manohar P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This paper presents a profile of poverty in Egypt for 1997. It assesses the magnitude of poverty and its distribution across geographic and socioeconomic groups, provides information on the characteristics of the poor, illustrates the heterogeneity among the poor, and helps identify empirical correlates of poverty. The poverty profile is constructed using data from the recently completed Egypt Integrated Household Survey, a nationwide, multiple-topic household survey, carried out by the International Food Policy Research Institute in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation and the Ministry of Trade and Supply. Reference poverty lines that take into account regional differences in food and nonfood prices, age and composition of poor households, and food and nonfood consumption preferences are used to determine incidence, depth, and severity of poverty. The characteristics of the poor are analyzed. These characteristics include household composition, dwelling type, educational attainment and access, labor force participation and distribution, child immunization levels, payment transfers, agricultural landholdings, and access to community facilities.
Relating grain size distributions in circumstellar discs to the spectral index at millimetre wavelengths
Creators: name: Löhne, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excess emission seen in spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is commonly used to infer the properties of the emitting circumstellar dust in protoplanetary and debris discs. Most notably, dust size distributions and details of the collision physics are derived from SED slopes at long wavelengths. This paper reviews the approximations that are commonly used and contrasts them with numerical results for the thermal emission. The inferred size distribution indexes are shown to be greater and more sensitive to the observed sub(mm) spectral indexes than previously considered. This effect results from aspects of the transition from small grains with volumetric absorption to bigger grains that absorb and emit near to their surface, controlled by both the real and the imaginary part of the refractive index. The steeper size distributions indicate stronger size-dependence of material strengths or impact velocities or, otherwise, less efficient transport or erosion processes. Strong uncertainties remain because of insufficient knowledge of the material composition, porosity, and optical properties at long wavelengths.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 13 pages, 14 figures
Evolutionary Fields Can Explain Patterns of High Dimensional Complexity in Ecology
Creators: name: Wilsenach, James
name: Landi, Pietro
name: Hui, Cang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: One of the properties that make ecological systems so unique is the range of complex behavioural patterns that can be exhibited by even the simplest communities with only a few species. Much of this complexity is commonly attributed to stochastic factors which have very high-degrees of freedom. Orthodox study of the evolution of these simple networks has generally been limited in its ability to explain complexity, since it restricts evolutionary adaptation to an inertia-free process with few degrees of freedom in which only gradual, moderately complex behaviours are possible. We propose a model inspired by particle mediated field phenomena in classical physics in combination with fundamental concepts in adaptation, that suggests that small but high-dimensional chaotic dynamics near to the adaptive trait optimum could help explain complex properties shared by most ecological datasets, such as aperiodicity and pink, fractal noise spectra. By examining a simple predator-prey model and appealing to real ecological data, we show that this type of complexity could be easily confused for or confounded by stochasticity, especially when spurred on or amplified by stochastic factors that share variational and spectral properties with the underlying dynamics.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Formation Histories of Dwarf Galaxies in the Local Group
Creators: name: Ricotti, Massimo
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the properties of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group with the simulated galaxies formed before reionization in a cosmological simulation of unprecedented spatial and mass resolution,including radiative feedback effects. We find that a subset of the Local Group dwarfs are remarkably similar to the simulated dwarf galaxies in all their properties already before reionization. Based on this similarity, we propose the hypothesis that Local Group dwarfs form in a variety of ways: some of them are ``true fossils'' of the pre-reionization era, some of them form most of their stars later, after reionization (we call them ``survivors'' of the reionization era), and the rest of them form an intermediate group of ``polluted fossils''. We also identify a simple observational test that is able to falsify our hypothesis.
description: 14 pages including 12 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ (20 August 2005, v629 2 issue). Note that Fig.12 (predictions on the number of ultrafaint dSphs) is not included in the accepted ApJ version
DISCO PAL: Diachronic Spanish Sonnet Corpus with Psychological and Affective Labels
Creators: name: Barbado, Alberto
name: Fresno, Víctor
name: Riesco, Ángeles Manjarrés
name: Ros, Salvador
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7
subject: 68T50, 91F20

description: Nowadays, there are many applications of text mining over corpora from different languages. However, most of them are based on texts in prose, lacking applications that work with poetry texts. An example of an application of text mining in poetry is the usage of features derived from their individual words in order to capture the lexical, sublexical and interlexical meaning, and infer the General Affective Meaning (GAM) of the text. However, even though this proposal has been proved as useful for poetry in some languages, there is a lack of studies for both Spanish poetry and for highly-structured poetic compositions such as sonnets. This article presents a study over an annotated corpus of Spanish sonnets, in order to analyse if it is possible to build features from their individual words for predicting their GAM. The purpose of this is to model sonnets at an affective level. The article also analyses the relationship between the GAM of the sonnets and the content itself. For this, we consider the content from a psychological perspective, identifying with tags when a sonnet is related to a specific term. Then, we study how GAM changes according to each of those psychological terms. The corpus used contains 274 Spanish sonnets from authors of different centuries, from 15th to 19th. This corpus was annotated by different domain experts. The experts annotated the poems with affective and lexico-semantic features, as well as with domain concepts that belong to psychology. Thanks to this, the corpus of sonnets can be used in different applications, such as poetry recommender systems, personality text mining studies of the authors, or the usage of poetry for therapeutic purposes.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, 17 tables
A Quantum Gravitational Relaxation of The Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Alexander, Stephon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Similar to QCD, general relativity has a $Θ$ sector due to large diffeomorphisms. We make explicit, for the first time, that the gravitational CP violating $Θ$ parameter is non-perturbatively related to the cosmological constant. A gravitational pseudoscalar coupling to massive fermions gives rise to general relativity from a topological $B\wedge F$ theory through a chiral symmetry breaking mechanism. We show that a gravitational Peccei-Quinn like mechanism can dynamically relax the cosmological constant.
description: 6 pages
IMPACT OF ACCESS TO CREDIT ON INCOME AND FOOD SECURITY IN MALAWI
Creators: name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Diagne, Aliou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The paper departs from the standard practice that takes the estimated marginal effects of either the amount of credit received or membership in a credit program as measures of the impact of access to credit on household welfare. The marginal effects of the formal credit limit variable on household welfare, controlling for the credit limit from informal sources as well as the credit demanded from both sources, measure the marginal effects of access to formal credit. The main finding of the paper is that access to formal credit, by enabling households to reduce their borrowing from informal sources, has marginally beneficial effects on household annual income. However, these effects are very small and do not cause any significant difference between the per capita incomes, food security, and nutritional status of credit program members and noncurrent members. Moreover, the beneficial substitution effect reflects only the fact that reduced borrowing from informal sources makes informal loans play a lesser role in the negative impact that borrowing (from formal or informal sources) has on net crop incomes. The marginal effects on household farm and nonfarm incomes resulting from mere access to formal credit (without necessarily borrowing) are positive and quite sizable, but not statistically significant. Land scarcity and unfavorable terms of trade for the smallholders’ farm products remain by far the factors that most constrain per capita household income growth in Malawi. The paper concludes that the necessary complementary resources and economic environment are not yet in place for access to formal credit to realize its full benefits for Malawi’s rural population.
Kernel nullers for an arbitrary number of apertures
Creators: name: Laugier, Romain
name: Cvetojevic, Nick
name: Martinache, Frantz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of interferometric nulling for the direct detection of extrasolar planets is in part limited by the extreme sensitivity of the instrumental response to tiny optical path differences between apertures. The recently proposed kernel-nuller architecture attempts to alleviate this effect with an all-in-one combiner design that enables the production of observables inherently robust to residual optical path differences (<< lambda). Until now, a unique kernel nuller design has been proposed ad hoc for a four-beam combiner. We examine the properties of this original design and generalize them for an arbitrary number of apertures. We introduce a convenient graphical representation of the complex combiner matrices that model the kernel nuller and highlight the symmetry properties that enable the formation of kernel nulls. The analytical description of the nulled outputs we provide demonstrates the properties of a kernel nuller. Our description helps outline a systematic way to build a kernel nuller for an arbitrary number of apertures. The designs for 3- and 6-input combiners are presented along with the original 4-input concept. Combiners grow in complexity with the square of the number of apertures. While one can mitigate this complexity by multiplexing nullers working independently over a smaller number of sub-apertures, an all-in-one kernel nuller recombining a large number of apertures appears as the most efficient way to characterize a high-contrast complex astrophysical scene. One can design kernel nullers for an arbitrary number of apertures that produce observable quantities robust to residual perturbations. The designs we recommend are lossless and take full advantage of all the available interferometric baselines. They are complete, result in as many kernel nulls as the theoretically expected number of closure-phases, and are optimized to require as few outputs as possible.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
The two sided parsec scale structure of the Low Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus in NGC 4278
Creators: name: Giovannini, G.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Taylor, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the LINER galaxy NGC 4278 with a linear resolution of < 0.1 pc. Our radio data reveal a two sided structure, with symmetric S-shaped jets emerging from a flat spectrum core. By comparing the positions of the components in two epochs, we measure motions corresponding to apparent velocities < 0.2 c, and to ages in the range 8.3 - 65.8 years. From our measurements, we derive that NGC 4278 has mildly relativistic jets (beta aprox 0.75), closely aligned to the line-of-sight (2 deg < theta < 4 deg). We also present a flux density history for the source with data between 1972 and 2003. All these arguments indicates that the low power radio emission from NGC 4278 is emitted via the synchrotron process by relativistic particles accelerated by a supermassive black hole.
description: 4 pages. 5 figures. Proceedings of the 7th European VLBI Network Symposium held in Toledo, Spain on October 12-15, 2004. Editors: R. Bachiller, F. Colomer, J.-F. Desmurs, P. de Vicente (Observatorio Astronomico Nacional), p. 81-84. Needs evn2004.cls
Holographic complexity: A tool to probe the property of reduced fidelity susceptibility
Creators: name: Gan, Wen-Cong
name: Shu, Fu-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum information theory along with holography play central roles in our understanding of quantum gravity. Exploring their connections will lead to profound impacts on our understanding of the modern physics and is thus a key challenge for present theory and experiments. In this paper, we investigate a recent conjectured connection between reduced fidelity susceptibility and holographic complexity (the RFS/HC duality for short). We give a quantitative proof of the duality by performing both holographic and field theoretical computations. In addition, holographic complexity in $AdS_{2+1}$ are explored and several important properties are obtained. These properties allow us, via the RFS/HC duality, to obtain a set of remarkable identities of the reduced fidelity susceptibility, which may have significant implications for our understanding of the reduced fidelity susceptibility. Moreover, utilizing these properties and the recent proposed diagnostic tool based on the fidelity susceptibility, experimental verification of the RFS/HC duality becomes possible.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, references added
DOES URBAN AGRICULTURE HELP PREVENT MALNUTRITION? EVIDENCE FROM KAMPALA
Creators: name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Levin, Carol E.
name: Csete, Joanne
name: Maxwell, Daniel G.
name: Levin, Carol E.
name: Csete, Joanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Previous research has suggested that urban agriculture has a positive impact on the household food security and nutritional status of low-socioeconomic status groups in cities in Sub-Saharan Africa, but a formal test of the link between semisubsistence urban food production and nutritional status has not accompanied these claims. This paper seeks to redress this gap in the growing literature on urban agriculture through an analysis of the determinants of the nutritional status of children under five in Kampala, Uganda, where roughly one-third of all households in the sample engage in some form of urban agriculture. When controlling for other individual child, maternal, and household characteristics, these data indicate that urban agriculture has a positive, significant association with higher nutritional status of children, particularly height-for-age. Several pathways by which this relationship is manifested are suggested, and the implications of these results for urban food and nutrition policy and urban management are briefly discussed.
Maids of Athens : tradition and modernity in the interwar education of southern women
Creators: name: Anderson, Jennifer Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In the southern United States the interwar years were a period of significant economic and social change. Agriculture failures in the 1920s, intensified by the Depression of the 1930s, led to the collapse of southern cotton markets which in turn destabilized the traditional plantation economy of the region. As the economic downturn worsened, institutions associated with the old South could no longer survive in their present forms. Just as farmers in the South were forced to modernize to keep pace with new economic structures associated with the New Deal, so too were institutions of higher education forced to accommodate these same pressures. Threatened with declining enrollments, colleges in the South closed or changed their educational focus. For Athens College, steeped in cultural traditions dating from the antebellum period, it was necessary to accommodate progressive modern reforms if it was to maintain the traditional values upon which the College was founded. Through an examination of Athens College it is possible to identify how tradition and modernity could be reconciled in the interwar South. In the 1930s, college administrators continued to prioritize the classical southern model of women's education while at the same time approving progressive reforms such as the admission of men to the College and the construction of a textile mill where students could work to earn their tuition. Not only did these developments combine elements of traditional southern values and the need for modernizing reforms, a fuller examination of these developments also challenges current historiographical assumptions concerning gender and class in the interwar South. Rather than understanding these categories of analysis as uniform and consistent, historians must reconsider the importance of individual experiences of gender and class in the period.
title: Optimization of Multilayered Walls for Building Envelopes Including PCM-Based Composites
Creators: name: Fachinotti, Victor D.
name: Bre, Facundo
name: Mankel, Christoph
name: Koenders, Eduardus A. B.
name: Caggiano, Antonio
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: This work proposes a numerical procedure to simulate and optimize the thermal response of a multilayered wallboard system for building envelopes, where each layer can be possibly made of Phase Change Materials (PCM)-based composites to take advantage of their Thermal-Energy Storage (TES) capacity. The simulation step consists in solving the transient heat conduction equation across the whole wallboard using the enthalpy-based finite element method. The weather is described in detail by the Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) of the building location. Taking the TMY as well as the wall azimuth as inputs, EnergyPlusTM is used to define the convective boundary conditions at the external surface of the wall. For each layer, the material is chosen from a predefined vade mecum, including several PCM-based composites developed at the Institut für Werkstoffe im Bauwesen of TU Darmstadt together with standard insulating materials (i.e., EPS or Rockwool). Finally, the optimization step consists in using genetic algorithms to determine the stacking sequence of materials across the wallboard to minimize the undesired heat loads. The current simulation-based optimization procedure is applied to the design of envelopes for minimal undesired heat losses and gains in two locations with considerably different weather conditions, viz. Sauce Viejo in Argentina and Frankfurt in Germany. In general, for each location and all the considered orientations (north, east, south and west), optimal results consist of EPS walls containing a thin layer made of the PCM-based composite with highest TES capacity, placed near the middle of the wall and closer to the internal surface.