cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Overdensity of Galaxies near the Most Distant Radio-Loud Quasar
Creators: name: Zheng, W.
name: Overzier, R.
name: Bouwens, R. J.
name: White, R. L.
name: Ford, H. C.
name: Benitez, N.
name: Blakeslee, J. P.
name: Bradley, L. D.
name: Jee, M. K.
name: Martel, A. R.
name: Mei, S.
name: Zirm, A. W.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Clampin, M.
name: Hartig, G. F.
name: Ardila, D. R.
name: Bartko, F.
name: Broadhurst, T. J.
name: Brown, R. A.
name: Burrows, C. J.
name: Cheng, E. S.
name: Cross, N. J. G.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Feldman, P. D.
name: Franx, M.
name: Golimowski, D. A.
name: Goto, T.
name: Gronwall, C.
name: Holden, B.
name: Homeier, N.
name: Infante, L.
name: Kimble, R. A.
name: Krist, J. E.
name: Lesser, M. P.
name: Menanteau, F.
name: Meurer, G. R.
name: Miley, G. K.
name: Motta, V.
name: Postman, M.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Sirianni, M.
name: Sparks, W. B.
name: Tran, H. D.
name: Tsvetanov, Z. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A five square arcminute region around the luminous radio-loud quasar SDSS J0836+0054 (z=5.8) hosts a wealth of associated galaxies, characterized by very red (1.3 < i_775 - z_{850} < 2.0) color. The surface density of these z~5.8 candidates is approximately six times higher than the number expected from deep ACS fields. This is one of the highest galaxy overdensities at high redshifts, which may develop into a group or cluster. We also find evidence for a substructure associated with one of the candidates. It has two very faint companion objects within two arcseconds, which are likely to merge. The finding supports the results of a recent simulation that luminous quasars at high redshifts lie on the most prominent dark-matter filaments and are surrounded by many fainter galaxies. The quasar activity from these regions may signal the buildup of a massive system.
description: Four figures. The Astrophysical Journal: in press
TRACKING CHANGES IN USES AND USERS OF A WEB-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM OVER TIME USING SERVER LOGS
Creators: name: Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John
name: Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: This study analyzes the uses and users of the Strategic Soybean Information System (StratSoy). It identifies: the uses and users of StratSoy web site; patterns of use; and the determinants of use. Uses in eight content-based areas came from academia, countries, households, and businesses. After accounting for changes in consumer behavior over time, Poisson regression analysis reveals that freshness in the sense of new files, spillovers across areas, and marketing and promotion activities of site handlers increase hits to the site. Population, interest in soybean, and other motivational factors also increases the odds of hits to the web site.
MARKET STRUCTURE, MARKET SHARE, AND PROFITS IN THE SURFACE FREIGHT INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Kari, Fatimah
name: Jaafar, Abdul H.
name: Allen, Albert J.
name: Couvillion, Warren C.
name: Kari, Fatimah
name: Jaafar, Abdul H.
name: Allen, Albert J.
name: Couvillion, Warren C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The surface freight industry was deregulated in 1980. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between profitability and market power in the trucking industry that transport agricultural commodities. Fulfilling this objective would allow us to determine whether the market structure that has emerged is one that is based on competition. The research method will be based on the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. Results of this study indicated that efficiency is the driving force behind performance of firms. These suggest that the 1980 Motor Carrier Act had produced its intended purpose in the agricultural commodities transport industry.
Observational constraints on the acceleration of the Universe
Creators: name: Gong, Yungui
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new parametrization of the deceleration parameter to study its time-variation behavior. The advantage of parameterizing the deceleration parameter is that we do not need to assume any underlying theory of gravity. By fitting the model to the 157 gold sample supernova Ia data, we find strong evidence that the Universe is currently accelerating and it accelerated in the past. By fitting the model to the 115 nearby and Supernova Legacy Survey supernova Ia data, the evidence that the Universe is currently accelerating is weak, although there is still a strong evidence that the Universe once accelerated in the past. The results obtained from the 157 gold sample supernova Ia data and those from the 115 supernova Ia data are not directly comparable because the two different data sets measure the luminosity distance up to different redshifts. We then use the Friedmann equation and a dark energy parametrization to discuss the same problem. When we fit the model to the supernova Ia data alone, we find weak evidence that the Universe is accelerating and the current matter density is higher than that measured from other experiments. After we add the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data to constrain the dark energy model, we find that the behavior of the deceleration parameter is almost the same as that obtained from parameterizing the deceleration parameter.
description: 5 figures, revtex, accepted for publication in Phys Rev D
Coherent Unipolar Cherenkov and Diffraction Radiation Generated by Relativistic Electrons
Creators: name: Naumenko, G.
name: Shevelev, M.
name: Popov, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For usual radiation the integral of the electric field strength over the time is zero. First time the possibility of unipolar radiation generation has been considered theoretically in the paper [EG.Bessonov. Preprint No 76 of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Academy of Science of the USSR, Moscow, 1990]. According to this work the unipolar radiation is radiation for which the integral of the electric field strength over the time differs significantly from zero. Futher a number of theoretical articles have been devoted to this problem mainly in respect to a synchrotron radiation. However up to now there are no experimental investigations of this phenomenon. In this paper we present the results of experimental observation of the unipolar Cherenkov and diffraction radiation generated by relativistic electrons in millimeter wavelength region. For this purpose the detector sensitive to the selected direction of the electric field strength has been elaborated. We observed the coherent Cherenkov radiation and backward diffraction radiation of bunched electron beam when the electrons moving near the targets. The partial unipolarity effect has been registered for the Cherenkov radiation and the almost full unipolarity has been observed for the backward diffraction radiation.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 12 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 12.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS
Creators: name: Chen, Hsin-Yi
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Chen, Hsin-Yi
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Results from an Ohio survey indicate that respondents are willing to pay a premium, ranging from 5% for non-GM vegetable oil to 28% for non-GM salmon. Estimated consumer willingness to pay for non-GM foods varies among demographic groups with female, those aged between 35 and 60, and non-White respondents willing to pay a higher premium than others.
Additional file 15 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 15.
Discovery of the accretion-powered millisecond X-ray pulsar IGR J00291+5934
Creators: name: Galloway, D. K.
name: Markwardt, C. B.
name: Morgan, E. H.
name: Chakrabarty, D.
name: Strohmayer, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on observations of the sixth accretion-powered millisecond pulsar, IGR J00291+5934, with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer. The source is a faint, recurrent X-ray transient initially identified by INTEGRAL. The 599 Hz (1.67 ms) pulsation had a fractional rms amplitude of 8% in the 2-20 keV range, and its shape was approximately sinusoidal. The pulses show an energy-dependent phase delay, with the 6-9 keV pulses arriving up to 85 us earlier than those at lower energies. No X-ray bursts, dips, or eclipses were detected. The neutron star is in a circular 2.46 hr orbit with a very low-mass donor, most likely a brown dwarf. The binary parameters of the system are similar to those of the first known accreting millisecond pulsar, SAX J1808.4-3658. Assuming that the mass transfer is driven by gravitational radiation and that the 2004 outburst fluence is typical, the 3-yr recurrence time implies a distance of at least 4 kpc.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJL. Minor changes following referees report; distance lower limit increased to 4 kpc due to improved estimate of outburst fluence. Uses emulateapj.cls
FIRM EFFICIENCY AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USE: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. CASH GRAIN FARMS
Creators: name: Hopkins, Jeffrey W.
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
name: Hopkins, Jeffrey W.
name: Morehart, Mitchell J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: We implement stochastic frontier analysis techniques to show the effects of information technology use on firm efficiency. Results from a sample of 1,865 U.S. cash grain farms reveals that information technology use within the farm business moved farms significantly towards the efficiency frontier. Also moving farms towards the efficiency frontier were the use of written long-term plans, advanced input acquisition strategies, and increased farm labor hours relative to total labor hours. In contrast, an increase in the debt to asset ratio was associated with movements away from the efficiency frontier.
Atom-molecule dark states in a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Winkler, K.
name: Thalhammer, G.
name: Theis, M.
name: Ritsch, H.
name: Grimm, R.
name: Denschlag, J. Hecker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have created a dark quantum superposition state of a Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) and a degenerate gas of Rb$_2$ ground state molecules in a specific ro-vibrational state using two-color photoassociation. As a signature for the decoupling of this coherent atom-molecule gas from the light field we observe a striking suppression of photoassociation loss. In our experiment the maximal molecule population in the dark state is limited to about 100 Rb$_2$ molecules due to laser induced decay. The experimental findings can be well described by a simple three mode model.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Managing Short-Term Absenteeism within the Workplace
Creators: name: Castro, Charles Alves De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150301 Business Information Management (incl. Records, Knowledge and Information Management, and Intelligence)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: 150306 Industrial Relations
subject: 150308 International Business

description: This report outlines and discusses the insights on how to manage short-term absenteeism within the workplace, as well as point out themes related to Human Resource Management. Additionally, management considerations have been discussed such as "Fit Notes" and "Presenteeism". As well as, a focus was placed on additional areas of concern within the U.S.A. in the form of bullying and harassment. Finally, was conducted a survey method in a class of students at the University of Limerick where 100% of the sample are workers. Therefore, the trends and patterns section outlined the Class Survey as a method for measuring absenteeism and triggers associated with the concept. Therefore, the class survey itself is the main methodology in this report.
NEW CONSERVATION INITIATIVES IN THE 2002 FARM BILL
Creators: name: Johansson, Robert C.
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Peters, Mark
name: Johansson, Robert C.
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Peters, Mark
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: The role of agri-environmental programs has taken on increased importance in the current Farm Bill debate with an eighty percent increase in Title II funding. However, little empirical evidence exists on the tradeoffs between economic costs and environmental benefits of new agri-environmental programs to assist policymakers in their designs. This paper illustrates some of the budgetary and environmental issues inherent in these initiatives. Several policy options are explored using an environmental simulation model and an economic spatial-equilibrium model for U.S. agriculture. Results indicate abatement levels of nitrogen and pesticides are higher under performance-based policies and those for wind erosion and soil productivity are higher under practice-based policies. Abatement of phosphorus discharge, soil erosion and carbon sequestration remains relatively constant regardless of policy type. A national performance-based conservation policy funded at the $1 billion level has the potential to improve the environmental performance of U.S. farmers by as much as ten percent.
Probing neutrino masses with CMB lensing extraction
Creators: name: Lesgourgues, Julien
name: Perotto, Laurence
name: Pastor, Sergio
name: Piat, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the ability of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments to measure the power spectrum of large scale structure using quadratic estimators of the weak lensing deflection field. We calculate the sensitivity of upcoming CMB experiments such as BICEP, QUaD, BRAIN, ClOVER and PLANCK to the non-zero total neutrino mass M_nu indicated by current neutrino oscillation data. We find that these experiments greatly benefit from lensing extraction techniques, improving their one-sigma sensitivity to M_nu by a factor of order four. The combination of data from PLANCK and the SAMPAN mini-satellite project would lead to sigma(M_nu) = 0.1 eV, while a value as small as sigma(M_nu) = 0.035 eV is within the reach of a space mission based on bolometers with a passively cooled 3-4 m aperture telescope, representative of the most ambitious projects currently under investigation. We show that our results are robust not only considering possible difficulties in subtracting astrophysical foregrounds from the primary CMB signal but also when the minimal cosmological model (Lambda Mixed Dark Matter) is generalized in order to include a possible scalar tilt running, a constant equation of state parameter for the dark energy and/or extra relativistic degrees of freedom.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. One new figure and references added. Version accepted for publication
The Open Catalyst 2020 (OC20) Dataset and Community Challenges
Creators: name: Chanussot, Lowik
name: Das, Abhishek
name: Goyal, Siddharth
name: Lavril, Thibaut
name: Shuaibi, Muhammed
name: Riviere, Morgane
name: Tran, Kevin
name: Heras-Domingo, Javier
name: Ho, Caleb
name: Hu, Weihua
name: Palizhati, Aini
name: Sriram, Anuroop
name: Wood, Brandon
name: Yoon, Junwoong
name: Parikh, Devi
name: Zitnick, C. Lawrence
name: Ulissi, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Catalyst discovery and optimization is key to solving many societal and energy challenges including solar fuels synthesis, long-term energy storage, and renewable fertilizer production. Despite considerable effort by the catalysis community to apply machine learning models to the computational catalyst discovery process, it remains an open challenge to build models that can generalize across both elemental compositions of surfaces and adsorbate identity/configurations, perhaps because datasets have been smaller in catalysis than related fields. To address this we developed the OC20 dataset, consisting of 1,281,040 Density Functional Theory (DFT) relaxations (~264,890,000 single point evaluations) across a wide swath of materials, surfaces, and adsorbates (nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen chemistries). We supplemented this dataset with randomly perturbed structures, short timescale molecular dynamics, and electronic structure analyses. The dataset comprises three central tasks indicative of day-to-day catalyst modeling and comes with pre-defined train/validation/test splits to facilitate direct comparisons with future model development efforts. We applied three state-of-the-art graph neural network models (CGCNN, SchNet, Dimenet++) to each of these tasks as baseline demonstrations for the community to build on. In almost every task, no upper limit on model size was identified, suggesting that even larger models are likely to improve on initial results. The dataset and baseline models are both provided as open resources, as well as a public leader board to encourage community contributions to solve these important tasks.
description: 37 pages, 11 figures, submitted to ACS Catalysis
DEVELOPMENT OF MINIMUM COST, INCENTIVE BASED PLAN FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A TECHNOLOGY STANDARD FOR COFFEE PROCESSING IN HONDURAS
Creators: name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Barbier, Bruno
name: Gonzalez, Jose Manuel
name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Barbier, Bruno
name: Gonzalez, Jose Manuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: In Honduras, traditional coffee processing is the cause of two problems: poor coffee quality and contaminated water. In this study we propose to replace traditional coffee processing plants with a network of improved ecological plants that would be optimally located in a sub-watershed. The method is an adaptation of a spatial integer linear programming that determines the optimal location and size of new coffee processing plants. We applied the method to a typical sub-watershed in the hillsides of western Honduras and show that coffee quality can be improved and contamination can be reduced substantially at a relatively low cost. We also calculated the incentive for small farmers to give up home processing. We find that the incentive is much lower than the premium that could be obtained from an improved coffee quality.
The infinitesimal 16th Hilbert problem in dimension zero
Creators: name: Gavrilov, Lubomir
name: Movasati, Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C07; 14K20

description: We study the analogue of the infinitesimal 16th Hilbert problem in dimension zero. Lower and upper bounds for the number of the zeros of the corresponding Abelian integrals (which are algebraic functions) are found. We study the relation between the vanishing of an Abelian integral $I(t)$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and its arithmetic properties. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for an Abelian integral to be identically zero.
description: 21 pages
Connectivity and Purity for logarithmic motives
Creators: name: Binda, Federico
name: Merici, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F08 (Primary), 18E35, 14F42, 18G80 (Secondary)

description: The goal of this paper is to extend the work of Voevodsky and Morel on the homotopy $t$-structure on the category of motivic complexes to the context of motives for logarithmic schemes. To do so, we prove an analogue of Morel's connectivity theorem and show a purity statement for $(\mathbf{P}^1, \infty)$-local complexes of sheaves with log transfers. The homotopy $t$-structure on $\mathbf{logDM}^{\textrm{eff}}(k)$ is proved to be compatible with Voevodsky's $t$-structure i.e. we show that the comparison functor $R^{\overline{\square}}ω^*\colon \mathbf{DM}^{\textrm{eff}}(k)\to \mathbf{logDM}^{\textrm{eff}}(k)$ is $t$-exact. The heart of the homotopy $t$-structure on $\mathbf{logDM}^{\textrm{eff}}(k)$ is the Grothendieck abelian category of strictly cube-invariant sheaves with log transfers: we use it to build a new version of the category of reciprocity sheaves in the style of Kahn--Saito--Yamazaki and Rülling.
description: A gap was found in a proof on the last section. We modified the statement to a weaker form
ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF THE SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTAL NUTRITION PROGRAM FOR WOMEN, INFANTS AND CHILDREN (WIC) ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH
Creators: name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Senauer, Benjamin
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Senauer, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: Data from NHANES are used to analyze the effect of the WIC program on the health of U.S. preschool children's health. A household health production model shows that WIC does improve the health of children, along with a higher poverty income ratio. Region of the country or county is also significant.
Additional file 1 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Apoptosis and age-dependent responses to virus infection
Creators: name: Highmore, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60804 Animal Immunology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60103 Cell Development, Proliferation and Death

description: Viruses cause illness both directly by attacking and destroying cells, and indirectly by prompting inflammation as the immune system battles the virus. The severity of such illness appears sometimes to be correlated with the age of the infected organism. We examine how variation of apoptosis behaviour with age might affect both the success of a body’s fight against a virus, and the extent of inflammation.An ideal innate immune response will swiftly trigger apoptosis to stem infection without attendant inflammation, and without requiring an adaptive immune response. In this ideal case the organism will experience few symptoms and will not produce the antibodies which are characteristic of an adaptive immune response. This beneficial immune response, where infected cells are eliminated by apoptosis, may though decline as an organism ages and resources such as stem cells diminish.
Natural killer cells and killer T cells depend on apoptosis to eliminate infected cells. A tilt away from apoptosis in an older body may reduce the effectiveness of both kinds of immune system cells, though the mechanism described in this paper applies only if molecular pathways involve isoforms of p53. Diminished lethality of natural killer and killer T cells will lessen, respectively, innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Raised concentrations of senescent cells in older bodies may impact immune responses to viral infection.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF SUBSIDIZED LIVESTOCK INSURANCE ON LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Coffey, Brian K.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Anderson, John D.
name: Coffey, Brian K.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Anderson, John D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Recent legislation has cleared the way for subsidized livestock price insurance. Such programs could increase production. Expected feeder cattle prices with and without subsidized insurance will be analyzed using E-V and Stochastic Dominance. Results will highlight the potential effects of the program on marketing risk and production decisions.
Apoptosis and age-dependent responses to virus infection
Creators: name: Highmore, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60804 Animal Immunology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60103 Cell Development, Proliferation and Death

description: Viruses cause illness both directly by attacking and destroying cells, and indirectly by prompting inflammation as the immune system battles the virus. The severity of such illness appears sometimes to be correlated with the age of the infected organism. We examine how variation of apoptosis behaviour with age might affect both the success of a body’s fight against a virus, and the extent of inflammation.An ideal innate immune response will swiftly trigger apoptosis to stem infection without attendant inflammation, and without requiring an adaptive immune response. In this ideal case the organism will experience few symptoms and will not produce the antibodies which are characteristic of an adaptive immune response. This beneficial immune response, where infected cells are eliminated by apoptosis, may though decline as an organism ages and resources such as stem cells diminish.
Natural Killer cells and killer T cells depend on apoptosis to eliminate infected cells. A tilt from apoptosis to senescence with increasing age, and raised concentrations of senescent cells in older bodies, may thus reduce the effectiveness of both kinds of immune system cells. Diminished lethality of Natural Killer cells will lessen an innate immune response to infection, whilst reduced deadliness of killer T cells will weaken an adaptive response
Effect of size heterogeneity on community identification in complex networks
Creators: name: Danon, Leon
name: Diaz-Guilera, Albert
name: Arenas, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying community structure can be a potent tool in the analysis and understanding of the structure of complex networks. Up to now, methods for evaluating the performance of identification algorithms use ad-hoc networks with communities of equal size. We show that inhomogeneities in community sizes can and do affect the performance of algorithms considerably, and propose an alternative method which takes these factors into account. Furthermore, we propose a simple modification of the algorithm proposed by Newman for community detection (Phys. Rev. E {\bf 69} 066133) which treats communities of different sizes on an equal footing, and show that it outperforms the original algorithm while retaining its speed.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Operación óptima de desalación de agua por ósmosis inversa
Creators: name: Cortés, Farid B.
name: Chejne, David
name: Velez, Fredy
name: Chejne, Farid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400409
subject: Separation technologies
classificationCode: 400411
subject: Water treatment processes

description: Se ha puesto en marcha una planta piloto para realizar experiencias de desalación de agua con el objetivo de determinar condiciones óptimas de operación. Adicionalmente, se han desarrollado modelos de optimización económica para este tipo de plantas. Se trata de un proceso de ósmosis inversa: se aplica una presión desde el exterior a la disolución concentrada, superior a su presión osmótica natural; se origina un flujo del disolvente y se produce una concentración de solutos y, como consecuencia, la desionización del agua
Carbon Incentive Mechanisms and Land-Use Implications for Canadian Agriculture
Creators: name: Suchanek, Pavel
name: Shaikh, Sabina L.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Suchanek, Pavel
name: Shaikh, Sabina L.
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This research examines effects of various factors on participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes. Using survey data from 2000 mail surveys of Canadian farmers, a discrete choice random utility analysis is used to determine probability of farmers' participation and the corresponding mean willingness to accept a tree-planting program. Estimation results show that the required compensation for accepting a tree-planting program is higher than the compensation suggested by a normative approach
Molecular Hydrogen Excitation around Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Davies, R. I.
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Tacconi-Garman, L. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report R~3000 VLT ISAAC K-band spectroscopy of the nuclei (i.e. central 100-300pc) of 9 galaxies hosting an active galactic nucleus. For 5 of these we also present spectra of the circumnuclear region out to 1kpc. We have measured a number of H_2 lines in the v=1-0, 2-1, and 3-2 vibrational transitions, as well as the Br_gamma and HeI recombination lines, and the NaI stellar absorption. Although only 3 of the galaxies are classified as Seyfert 1s in the literature, broad Br_gamma (FWHM 1000kms) is seen in 7 of the objects. The v=1-0 emission appears thermalised at T~1000K. However, the v=2-1 and 3-2 emission show evidence of being radiatively excited by far-UV photons. The PDR models that fit the data best are, as for the ultraluminous infrared galaxies in Davies et al. (2003), those for which the H_2 emission arises in dense clouds illuminated by intense FUV radiation. The NaI stellar absorption is clearly seen in 6 of the nuclear spectra, indicating the presence of a significant population of late type stars. It is possible that these stars are a result of the same episode of star formation that gave rise to the stars heating the PDRs. It seems unlikely that the AGN is the dominant source of excitation for the near infrared H_2 emission: in two nuclei H_2 was not detected at all, and in general we find no evidence of suppression of the 2-1S(3) line, which may occur in X-ray irradiated gas. Our data do not reveal any significant difference between the nuclear and circumnuclear line ratios, suggesting that the physical conditions of the dominant excitation mechanism are similar both near the AGN and in the larger scale environment around it, and that star formation is an important process even in the central 100pc acround AGN.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ (32 pages, 12 figures)
Additional file 2 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Statistical Properties of Functionals of the Paths of a Particle Diffusing in a One-Dimensional Random Potential
Creators: name: Sabhapandit, Sanjib
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Comtet, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism for obtaining the statistical properties of functionals and inverse functionals of the paths of a particle diffusing in a one-dimensional quenched random potential. We demonstrate the implementation of the formalism in two specific examples: (1) where the functional corresponds to the local time spent by the particle around the origin and (2) where the functional corresponds to the occupation time spent by the particle on the positive side of the origin, within an observation time window of size $t$. We compute the disorder average distributions of the local time, the inverse local time, the occupation time and the inverse occupation time, and show that in many cases disorder modifies the behavior drastically.
description: Revtex two column 27 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
DECOMPOSITION OF VARIABILITY IN ASSETS AND DEBT OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS IN THE U.S.
Creators: name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The study measures how much of the variability in farm household assets and debt are attributed to the variability in farm and non-farm assets and farm and non-farm debt. Using a normalized variance decomposition approach and data from the Agricultural Resource Management Study (ARMS) survey, results show that origin of assets and debt variability differs with farm size and location of the farm household.
Discovery of a jet from the single HAe/Be star HD 100546
Creators: name: Schneider, P. C.
name: Dougados, C.
name: Whelan, E. T.
name: Eislöffel, J.
name: Günther, H. M.
name: Huélamo, N.
name: Mendigutía, I.
name: Oudmaijer, R. D.
name: Beck, Tracy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young accreting stars drive outflows that collimate into jets, which can be seen hundreds of au from their driving sources. Accretion and outflow activity cease with system age, and it is believed that magneto-centrifugally launched disk winds are critical agents in regulating accretion through the protoplanetary disk. Protostellar jets are well studied in classical T~Tauri stars ($M_\star\lesssim2\,M_\odot$), while few nearby ($d\lesssim150\,$pc) intermediate-mass stars ($M_\star=2-10\,M_\odot$), known as Herbig Ae/Be stars, have detected jets. We report VLT/MUSE observations of the Herbig~Ae/Be star HD~100546 and the discovery of a protostellar jet. The jet is similar in appearance to jets driven by low-mass stars and compares well with the jet of HD~163296, the only other known optical jet from a nearby Herbig~Ae/Be star. We derive a (one-sided) mass-loss rate in the jet of $\log \dot{M}_{jet} \sim -9.5$ (in $M_\odot$\,yr$^{-1}$) and a ratio of outflow to accretion of roughly $3\times10^{-3}$, which is lower than that of CTTS jets. The discovery of the HD~100546 jet is particularly interesting because the protoplanetary disk around HD~100546 shows a large radial gap, spiral structure, and might host a protoplanetary system. A bar-like structure previously seen in H$α$ with VLT/SPHERE shares the jet position angle, likely represents the base of the jet, and suggests a jet-launching region within about 2\,au. We conclude that the evolution of the disk at radii beyond a few au does not affect the ability of the system to launch jets.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A letters
WELFARE AND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION OF LOW-WEALTH FAMILIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR LABOR SUPPLY
Creators: name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper examines the welfare and labor force participation of families potentially eligible for the new Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. Higher wage rates and lower TANF benefits decrease the probability of welfare participation. For these families labor supply is moderately responsive to the wage.
The Curvaton Web
Creators: name: Linde, Andrei
name: Mukhanov, Viatcheslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss nontrivial features of the large scale structure of the universe in the simplest curvaton model proposed in our paper astro-ph/9610219. The amplitude of metric perturbations in this model takes different values in different parts of the universe. The spatial distribution of the amplitude looks like a web consisting of exponentially large cells. Depending on the relation between the cell size l_0 and the scale of the horizon l_H, one may either live in a part of the universe dominated by gaussian perturbations (inside a cell with l_0 >> l_H), or in the universe dominated by nongaussian perturbations (for l_0 << l_H). We show that the curvaton contribution to the total amplitude of adiabatic density perturbations can be strongly suppressed if the energy density of the universe prior to the curvaton decay was dominated not by the classical curvaton field but by the curvaton particles produced during reheating. We describe the curvaton-inflaton transmutation effect: The same field in different parts of the universe may play either the role of the curvaton or the role of the inflaton. Finally, we discuss an interplay between the curvaton web and anthropic considerations in the string theory landscape.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, references added, discussion of long-wavelenth perturbations expanded
Additional file 3 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Twofold gain enhancement by elongation of QDs in polarization preserving QD-SOAs
Creators: name: Greif, Ludwig Albrecht Thorsten
name: Mittelstädt, Alexander
name: Jagsch, Stefan Thomas
name: Schliwa, Andrei
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: self-assembled quantum dots
subject: semiconductor optical amplifier
subject: k·p-theory
subject: gain enhancement

description: The impact of quantum dot (QD) elongation on key parameters of QD-based semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is investigated using a combination of 8-band k·p-theory including strain and piezoelectricity up to second order and a rate equation model describing the population of QD ground, excited and wetting layer states. By considering columnar QDs of selected aspect ratios, we show that chip gain and saturation gain can be enhanced by up to +3.6 dB via an increased elongation of the individual QDs while retaining polarization preserving amplification and gain recovery times below 700 fs. Our results enable the optimization of polarization preserving QD-SOA devices which combine ultrafast gain recovery with high gain and low power consumption.
Optimal orientation of anisotropic solids
Creators: name: Norris, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented for finding the optimal orientation of an anisotropic elastic material. The problem is formulated as minimizing the strain energy subject to rotation of the material axes, under a state of uniform stress. It is shown that a stationary value of the strain energy requires the stress and strain tensors to have a common set of principal axes. The new derivation of this well known coaxiality condition uses the 6-dimensional expression of the rotation tensor for the elastic moduli. Using this representation it is shown that the stationary condition is a minimum or a maximum if an explicit set of conditions is satisfied. Specific results are given for materials of cubic, transversely isotropic (TI) and tetragonal symmetries. In each case the existence of a minimum or maximum depends on the sign of a single elastic constant. The stationary (minimum or maximum) value of energy can always be achieved for cubic materials. Typically, the optimal orientation of a solid with cubic material symmetry is not aligned with the symmetry directions. Expressions are given for the optimal orientation of TI and tetragonal materials, and are in agreement with results of Rovati and Taliercio \cite{Rovati03} obtained by a different procedure. A new concept is introduced, the strain deviation angle, which defines the degree to which a state of stress or strain is not optimal. The strain deviation angle is zero for coaxial stress and strain. An approximate formula is given for the strain deviation angle which is valid for materials that are weakly anisotropic.
description: 28 pages. References added and minor typos fixed
IMPACTS OF FEDERAL SUPPORT PROGRAMS FOR SUGAR AND PEANUTS COMPARED TO CORN AND WHEAT ON U.S. AND WORLD MARKETS
Creators: name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Kaus, Phillip J.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Kaus, Phillip J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This study examines the impacts of federal support programs for sugar, peanuts, corn and wheat on U.S. and world markets, using a multi-country, multi-commodity, partial equilibrium world agricultural model. A five-year baseline projection is developed assuming past policy will continue. Four policy reform scenarios are then conducted. Each scenario considers the removal of federal programs such as loan rate, loan deficiency payments and other trade restrictions for each commodity (sugar, peanuts, corn and wheat). A fifth, and last, scenario looks at the impact of jointly eliminating the wheat and corn support programs. Federal programs appear to have the maximum impacts on the sugar market, followed by the peanut market. As compared to sugar and peanuts, wheat and corn markets appear to be the least affected by federal support programs.
Additional file 5 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5.
Additional file 6 of The effect of grape products containing polyphenols on oxidative stress: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Sarkhosh-Khorasani, Sahar
name: Sangsefidi, Zohreh Sadat
name: Hosseinzadeh, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6.
The magnetized disk-halo transition region of M51
Creators: name: Kierdorf, M.
name: Mao, S. A.
name: Beck, R.
name: Basu, A.
name: Fletcher, A.
name: Horellou, C.
name: Tabatabaei, F.
name: Ott, J.
name: Haverkorn, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The grand-design face-on spiral galaxy M51 is an excellent laboratory for studying magnetic fields in galaxies. We present new observations of M51 using the VLA at the frequency range of S-band (2-4GHz), to shed new light on the transition region between the disk and halo. We present images of the distributions of the total intensity, polarized intensity, degree of polarization, and rotation measure (RM). The RM distribution in S-band shows a fluctuating pattern without any apparent large-scale structure. We discuss a model of the depolarization of synchrotron radiation in a multi-layer magneto-ionic medium and compare the model predictions to the polarization data of M51 between 1-8GHz. Since the model predictions strongly differ within the wavelength range of the S-band, the new data are essential. The parameters of the model are adjusted to fit to the data of polarization fractions in a few selected regions. In three spiral arm regions, the turbulent field in the disk dominates with strengths between 18muG and 24muG, while the regular field strengths are 8-16muG. In one inter-arm region, the regular field strength of 18muG exceeds that of the turbulent field of 11muG. The regular field strengths in the halo are 3-5muG. The observed RMs in the disk-halo transition region are probably dominated by tangled regular fields, as predicted from models of evolving dynamos, and/or vertical fields, as predicted from numerical simulations of Parker instabilities or galactic winds. Both types of magnetic fields have frequent reversals on scales similar to or larger than the beam size (550pc) that contribute to an increase of the RM dispersion and to distortions of any large-scale pattern of the regular field. Our study devises new ways of analyzing and interpreting broadband multi-frequency polarization data that will be applicable to future data from, for example, the Square Kilometre Array.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Signatures of Helium continuum in cool flare loops observed by SDO/AIA
Creators: name: Heinzel, Petr
name: Schwartz, Pavol
name: Lörinčík, Juraj
name: Koza, Július
name: Jejčič, Sonja
name: Kuridze, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of off-limb cool flare loops observed by SDO/AIA during the gradual phase of SOL2017-09-10T16:06 X8.2-class flare. In the EUV channels starting from the 335 Å one, cool loops appear as dark structures against the bright loop arcade. These dark structures were precisely coaligned (spatially and temporally) with loops observed by SST in emission lines of hydrogen and ionized calcium. Recently published semi-empirical model of cool loops based on SST observations serves us to predict the level of hydrogen and helium recombination continua. The continua were synthesized using an approximate non-LTE approach and theoretical spectra were then transformed to AIA signals. Comparison with signals detected inside the dark loops shows that only in AIA 211 Å channel the computed level of recombination continua is consistent with observations for some models, while in all other channels which are more distant from the continua edges the synthetic continuum is far too low. In analogy with on-disk observations of flares we interpret the surplus emission as due to numerous EUV lines emitted from hot but faint loops in front of the cool ones. Finally we briefly comment on failure of the standard absorption model when used for analysis of the dark-loop brightness.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures