cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cross-correlating radio continuum surveys and CMB lensing: constraining redshift distributions, galaxy bias and cosmology
Creators: name: Alonso, David
name: Bellini, Emilio
name: Hale, Catherine
name: Jarvis, Matt J.
name: Schwarz, Dominik J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the harmonic-space auto-power spectrum of the galaxy overdensity in the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) First Data Release and its cross correlation with the map of the lensing convergence of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the Planck collaboration. We report a $\sim5σ$ detection of the cross-correlation. We show that the combination of the clustering power spectrum and CMB lensing cross-correlation allows us to place constraints on the high-redshift tail of the redshift distribution, one of the largest sources of uncertainty in the use of continuum surveys for cosmology. Our analysis shows a preference for a broader redshift tail than that predicted by the photometric redshifts contained in the LoTSS value added catalog, as expected, and more compatible with predictions from simulations and spectroscopic data. Although the ability of CMB lensing to constrain the width and tail of the redshift distribution could also be valuable for the analysis of current and future photometric weak lensing surveys, we show that its performance relies strongly on the redshift evolution of the galaxy bias. Assuming the redshift distribution predicted by the Square Kilometre Array Design simulations, we use our measurements to place constraints on the linear bias of radio galaxies and the amplitude of matter inhomogeneities $σ_8$, finding $σ_8=0.69^{+0.14}_{-0.21}$ assuming the galaxy bias scales with the inverse of the linear growth factor, and $σ_8=0.79^{+0.17}_{-0.32}$ assuming a constant bias.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Lateral Distribution for Aligned Events in Muon Groups Deep Underground
Creators: name: Tsyabuk, A. L.
name: Mukhamedshin, R. A.
name: Stenkin, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper concerns the so-called aligned events observed in cosmic rays. The phenomenon of the alignment of the most energetic subcores of gamma-ray--hadron ($γ-h$) families (particles of the highest energies in the central EAS core) was firstly found in the "Pamir" emulsion chamber experiment and related to a coplanar particle production at $E_0>10^{16}$ eV. Here a separation distribution (distances between pairs of muons) for aligned events has been analyzed throughout muon groups measured by Baksan Underground Scintillation Telescope (BUST) for threshold energies $0.85 ÷3.2$ TeV during a period of 7.7 years. Only muon groups of multiplicity $m\geq 4$ with inclined trajectories for an interval of zenith angles $50^\circ - 60^\circ$ were selected for the analysis. The analysis has revealed that the distribution complies with the exponential law. Meanwhile the distributions become steeper with the increase of threshold energy. There has been no difference between the lateral distribution of all the groups and the distribution of the aligned groups.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Prepared for the ISVHECRI'2006, Weihai, China
Should a small robot have a small personal space? Investigating personal spatial zones and proxemic behavior in human-robot interaction
Creators: name: Lehmann, Hagen
name: Rojik, Adam
name: Hoffmann, Matej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents the first study in a series of proxemics experiments concerned with the role of personal spatial zones in human-robot interaction. In the study 40 participants approached a NAO robot positioned approximately at participants' eye level and entered different social zones around the robot (personal and intimate space). When the robot perceived the approaching person entering its personal space, it started gazing at the participant, and upon the intrusion of its intimate space it leaned back. Our research questions were: (1) given the small size of the robot (58 cm tall), will people expect its social zones to shrink by its size? (2) Will the robot behaviors be interpreted as appropriate social behaviors? We found that the average approach distance of the participants was 48 cm, which represents the inner limit of the human-size personal zone (45-120 cm), but is outside of the personal zone scaled to robot size (16-42 cm). This suggests that most participants did not (fully) scale down the extent of these zones to the robot size. We also found that the leaning back behavior of the robot was correctly interpreted by most participants as the robot's reaction to the intrusion of its personal space; however, our implementation of the behavior was often perceived as "unfriendly". We will discuss this and other limitations of the study in detail. Additionally we found positive correlations between participants' personality traits, Godspeed Questionnaire subscales, and the average approach distance. The technical contribution of this work is the real-time perception of 25 keypoints on the human body using a single compact RGB-D camera and the use of these points for accurate interpersonal distance estimation and as gazing targets for the robot.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Auto-correlation functions of astrophysical processes, and their relation to Gaussian processes; Application to radial velocities of different starspot configurations
Creators: name: Perger, Manuel
name: Anglada-Escudé, Guillem
name: Ribas, Ignasi
name: Rosich, Albert
name: Herrero, Enrique
name: Morales, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accounting for the effects of stellar magnetic phenomena is indispensable to fully exploit radial velocities (RVs). Correlated time variations are often mitigated by Gaussian processes (GP). They rely on fitting kernel functions that are motivated on mathematical grounds, and whose physical interpretation is often elusive. We aim to establish a connection between stellar activity affecting RVs and their correlations with physical parameters, and compare this connection with kernels used in the literature. We use simple activity models to investigate the relationship between the physical processes generating the signals and the covariances typically found in data, and to demonstrate the qualitative behaviour of this relationship. We use the StarSim code to calculate RVs of an M dwarf with different realistic evolving spot configurations. Their auto-correlation functions (ACF) show a very specific behaviour and are related to the kernel. GP regression is performed using a quasi-periodic (QP) and harmonic oscillator kernels. Comparison of the resulting kernels with the exact ACFs allows us to cross-match the kernel hyper-parameters with the introduced physical values, study the overall capabilities of the kernels, and improve their definition. We find that the QP kernel provides a more straightforward interpretation of the physics. It is able to consistently recover both the introduced rotation period P and the spot lifetime. Our study indicates that the performance can be enhanced by fixing the form factor w and adding a physically motivated cosine term with period P/2, where the contribution to the ACF for the different spot configurations differs significantly. The new quasi-periodic with cosine kernel leads to significantly better model likelihoods, can potentially distinguish between different spot configurations, and can thereby improve the sensitivity of RV exoplanet searches.
Additional file 1 of Assessment of dietary diversity and nutritional support for children living with HIV in the IeDEA pediatric West African cohort: a non-comparative, feasibility study
Creators: name: Jesson, Julie
name: Ephoevi-Ga, Ayoko
name: Aké-Assi, Marie-Hélène
name: Koumakpai, Sikiratou
name: N’Gbeche, Sylvie
name: Dainguy, Evelyne
name: Malateste, Karen
name: Carrié, Hugo
name: D’Almeida, Marcelline
name: Eboua, François Tanoh
name: Takassi, Elom
name: Amorissani-Folquet, Madeleine
name: Leroy, Valériane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Digital Content 1. Baseline characteristics of the 870 eligible children seen during the inclusion period according to their inclusion status in the current study.
Operator Counting and Soft Blocks in Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Dai, Lin
name: Low, Ian
name: Mehen, Thomas
name: Mohapatra, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) is a low-energy effective field theory of QCD and also a nonlinear sigma model based on the symmetry breaking pattern ${\rm SU}(N_f)\times {\rm SU}(N_f)\to {\rm SU}(N_f)$. In the limit of massless $N_f$ quarks, we enumerate the independent operators without external sources in ChPT using an on-shell method, by counting and presenting the soft blocks at each order in the derivative expansion, up to ${\cal O}(p^{10})$. Given the massless on-shell condition and total momentum conservation, soft blocks are homogeneous polynomials of kinematic invariants exhibiting the Adler's zero when any external momentum becomes soft and vanishing. In addition, soft blocks are seeds for recursively generating all tree amplitudes of Nambu-Goldstone bosons without recourse to ChPT, and in one-to-one correspondence with the "low energy constants" which are the Wilson coefficients. Relations among operators, such as those arising from equations of motion, integration-by-parts, hermiticity, and symmetry structure, manifest themselves in the soft blocks in simple ways. We find agreements with the existing results up to NNNLO, and make a prediction at N$^4$LO.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures and 6 tables. Mathematica codes added as ancillary files
Collisions and close encounters involving massive main-sequence stars
Creators: name: Dale, James E.
name: Davies, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study close encounters involving massive main sequence stars and the evolution of the exotic products of these encounters as common--envelope systems or possible hypernova progenitors. We show that parabolic encounters between low-- and high--mass stars and between two high--mass stars with small periastrons result in mergers on timescales of a few tens of stellar freefall times (a few tens of hours). We show that such mergers of unevolved low--mass stars with evolved high--mass stars result in little mass loss ($\sim0.01$ M$_{\odot}$) and can deliver sufficient fresh hydrogen to the core of the collision product to allow the collision product to burn for several million years. We find that grazing encounters enter a common--envelope phase which may expel the envelope of the merger product. The deposition of energy in the envelopes of our merger products causes them to swell by factors of $\sim100$. If these remnants exist in very densely-populated environments ($n\gtrsim10^{7}$ pc$^{-3}$), they will suffer further collisions which may drive off their envelopes, leaving behind hard binaries. We show that the products of collisions have cores rotating sufficiently rapidly to make them candidate hypernova/gamma--ray burst progenitors and that $\sim0.1%$ of massive stars may suffer collisions, sufficient for such events to contribute significantly to the observed rates of hypernovae and gamma--ray bursts.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, LaTeX, to appear in MNRAS (in press)
First order transition in trigonal structure ${\textbf{Ca}}{\textbf{Mn}}_{2}{\textbf{P}}_{2}$
Creators: name: Li, Y. J.
name: Jin, F.
name: Mi, Z. Y.
name: Guo, J.
name: Wu, W.
name: Wu, D. S.
name: Na, S. H.
name: Mu, C.
name: Zhou, X. B.
name: Li, Z.
name: Liu, K.
name: Sun, L. L.
name: Zhang, Q. M.
name: Xiang, T.
name: Li, G.
name: Luo, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report structural and physical properties of the single crystalline ${\mathrm{Ca}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) results show that ${\mathrm{Ca}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ adopts the trigonal ${\mathrm{Ca}}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$-type structure. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity $ρ(T)$ measurements indicate an insulating ground state for ${\mathrm{Ca}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ with activation energies of 40 meV and 0.64 meV for two distinct regions, respectively. Magnetization measurements show no apparent magnetic phase transition under 400 K. Different from other ${\mathrm{A}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{Pn}}_{2}$ (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba, and Pn = P, As, and Sb) compounds with the same structure, heat capacity $C_{\mathrm{p}}(T)$ and $ρ(T)$ reveal that ${\mathrm{Ca}}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{P}}_{2}$ has a first-order transition at $T$ = 69.5 K and the transition temperature shifts to high temperature upon increasing pressure. The emergence of plenty of new Raman modes below the transition, clearly suggests a change in symmetry accompanying the transition. The combination of the structural, transport, thermal and magnetic measurements, points to an unusual origin of the transition.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by Europhysics Letters
Smile and Laugh Expressions Detection Based on Local Minimum Key Points
Creators: name: Dashti, Mina Mohammadi
name: Harouni, Majid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6; I.2.10; I.5.0; I.3.0; E.0
subject: 65D19

description: In this paper, a smile and laugh facial expression is presented based on dimension reduction and description process of the key points. The paper has two main objectives; the first is to extract the local critical points in terms of their apparent features, and the second is to reduce the system's dependence on training inputs. To achieve these objectives, three different scenarios on extracting the features are proposed. First of all, the discrete parts of a face are detected by local binary pattern method that is used to extract a set of global feature vectors for texture classification considering various regions of an input-image face. Then, in the first scenario and with respect to the correlation changes of adjacent pixels on the texture of a mouth area, a set of local key points are extracted using the Harris corner detector. In the second scenario, the dimension reduction of the extracted points of first scenario provided by principal component analysis algorithm leading to reduction in computational costs and overall complexity without loss of performance and flexibility, etc.
description: 20 pages, in Farsi, 11 figures, 7 tables, 21 equations, journal, 2 authors
Constraining the fraction of primary gamma rays at ultra-high energies from the muon data of the Yakutsk extensive-air-shower array
Creators: name: Glushkov, A. V.
name: Gorbunov, D. S.
name: Makarov, I. T.
name: Pravdin, M. I.
name: Rubtsov, G. I.
name: Sleptsov, I. E.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By making use of the data on the total signal and on the muon component of the air showers detected by the Yakutsk array, we analyze, in the frameworks of the recently suggested event-by-event approach, how large the fraction of primary gamma-rays at ultra-high energies can be. We derive upper limits on the photon fraction in the integral flux of primary cosmic rays. At the 95% confidence level (CL), these limits are 22% for primary energies E_0>4\cdot 10^{19}eV and 12% for E_0>2\cdot 10^{19}eV. Despite the presence of muonless events, the data are consistent with complete absence of photons at least at 95% CL. The sensitivity of the results to systematic uncertainties, in particular to those of the energy determination for non-photon primaries, is discussed.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 10 of Estimating prevalence of human traits among populations from polygenic risk scores
Creators: name: Graham, Britney E.
name: Plotkin, Brian
name: Muglia, Louis
name: Moore, Jason H.
name: Williams, Scott M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10: Figure S10. Melanoma maximization analysis r2 values.
Spatiotemporal engineering of matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Kengne, Emmanuel
name: Liu, Wu-Ming
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the realization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in optical potentials, intensive experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out for matter-wave solitons, coherent structures, modulational instability (MI), and nonlinear excitation of BEC matter waves, making them objects of fundamental interest in the vast realm of nonlinear physics and soft condensed-matter physics. Ubiquitous models, which are relevant to the description of diverse nonlinear media are provided by the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS), alias Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations. In many settings, nontrivial solitons and coherent structures, which do not exist or are unstable in free space, can be created or stabilized by means of various management techniques, which are represented by NLS and GP equations with spatiotemporal coefficients in front of linear or nonlinear terms. Developing this direction of research in various settings, efficient schemes of the spatiotemporal modulation of coefficients in the NLS/GP equations have been designed to engineer desirable robust nonlinear modes. This direction and related ones are the main topic of the present review. A broad and important theme is the creation and control of 1D solitons in BEC by means of combination of the temporal or spatial modulation of the nonlinearity strength and a time-varying trapping potential. An essential ramification of this topic is analytical and numerical analysis of MI of continuous-wave states, and control of the nonlinear development of MI. In addition to that, the review also includes some topics that do not directly include spatiotemporal modulation but address physically important phenomena which demonstrate similar soliton dynamics. These are soliton motion in binary BEC, three-component solitons in spinor BEC, and dynamics of two-component solitons under the action of spin-orbit coupling.
description: This paper is accepted for publication at Physics Report
Additional file 1 of Antenatal care attendance and risk of low birthweight in Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Bountogo, Mamadou
name: Sié, Ali
name: Zakané, Alphonse
name: Compaoré, Guillaume
name: Ouédraogo, Thierry
name: Lebas, Elodie
name: Brogdon, Jessica
name: Nyatigo, Fanice
name: Arnold, Benjamin F.
name: Lietman, Thomas M.
name: Oldenburg, Catherine E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Association between number of antenatal care visits and birthweight among urban- (N = 17,736) and rural-dwelling (N = 3487) newborns in 5 regions of Burkina Faso. Supplemental Table 2. Association between number of antenatal care visits and low birthweight (
Using Cluster Dynamics to Model Electrical Resistivity Measurements in Precipitating Al-Sc Alloys
Creators: name: Clouet, Emmanuel
name: Barbu, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical resistivity evolution during precipitation in Al-Sc alloys is modeled using cluster dynamics. This mesoscopic modeling has already been shown to correctly predict the time evolution of the precipitate size distribution. In this work, we show that it leads too to resistivity predictions in quantitative agreement with experimental data. We only assume that all clusters contribute to the resistivity and that each cluster contribution is proportional to its area. One interesting result is that the resistivity excess observed during coarsening mainly arises from large clusters and not really from the solid solution. As a consequence, one cannot assume that resistivity asymptotic behavior obeys a simple power law as predicted by LSW theory for the solid solution supersaturation. This forbids any derivation of the precipitate interface free energy or of the solute diffusion coefficient from resistivity experimental data in a phase-separating system like Al-Sc supersaturated alloys.
Additional file 11 of Estimating prevalence of human traits among populations from polygenic risk scores
Creators: name: Graham, Britney E.
name: Plotkin, Brian
name: Muglia, Louis
name: Moore, Jason H.
name: Williams, Scott M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11: Figure S11. Multiple sclerosis maximization analysis r2 values.
Coordination problem in emergency planning
Creators: name: Coutu, Michel Sylvain
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Local governments have primary roles and major responsibilities during the response to disasters in British Columbia. Their limited public resources can be increased by requesting support from the province and by developing networks of local and regional agencies. In that respect, coordination among many agencies is required for effective response. Inadequate coordination creates a disorganized and incremental response endangering lifelines, response personnel as well as victims, and slowing down recovery. The study explains the importance of multi-agency coordination, specifies a plausible disaster scenario and reviews common coordination models. A model of coordination is specified permitting the use of functional network analysis of quantitative and qualitative data collected from agencies with disaster response functions in the City of Coquitlam, British Columbia. The results indicate areas of weaknesses and breakdowns in communication to be expected should a major disaster response be required at this time. The conclusions of this study identify the negative aspects of incrementalism in contemporary emergency management practice, and propose a new methodology for the evaluation and improvement of inter-agency communication planning and preparedness. Specific networking efforts and modifications to the organizational structures of agencies with disaster response functions are suggested to alleviate coordination problems and improve response operations at the local, regional and provincial levels.
Cloning of Quantum Entanglement
Creators: name: Peng, Li-Chao
name: Wu, Dian
name: Zhong, Han-Sen
name: Luo, Yi-Han
name: Li, Yuan
name: Hu, Yi
name: Jiang, Xiao
name: Chen, Ming-Cheng
name: Li, Li
name: Liu, Nai-Le
name: Nemoto, Kae
name: Munro, William J.
name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum no-cloning, the impossibility of perfectly cloning an arbitrary unknown quantum state, is one of the most fundamental limitations due to the laws of quantum mechanics, which underpin the physical security of quantum key distribution. Quantum physics does allow, however, approximate cloning with either imperfect state fidelity and/or probabilistic success. Whereas approximate quantum cloning of single-particle states has been tested previously, experimental cloning of quantum entanglement -- a highly non-classical correlation -- remained unexplored. Based on a multiphoton linear optics platform, we demonstrate quantum cloning of two photon entangled states for the first time. Remarkably our results show that one maximally entangled photon pair can be broadcast into two entangled pairs, both with state fidelities above 50\%. Our results are a key step towards cloning of complex quantum systems, and are likely to provide new insights into quantum entanglement.
description: 6 pages with 5 figures
Entanglement-induced geometric phase of quantum states
Creators: name: Sjöqvist, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of relative state is used to introduce geometric phases that originate from correlations in states of composite quantum systems. In particular, we identify an entanglement-induced geometric phase in terms of a weighted average of geometric phase factors associated with a decomposition that define the entanglement of formation. An explicit procedure to calculate the entanglement-induced geometric phase for qubit pairs is put forward. We illustrate it for maximally entangled mixed states (MEMS) of two qubits.
description: New title, major changes, journal reference added
Investigating pump harmonics generation in a SNAIL-based Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier
Creators: name: Levochkina, A. Yu.
name: Ahmad, H. G.
name: Mastrovito, P.
name: Chatterjee, I.
name: Serpico, G.
name: Di Palma, L.
name: Ferroiuolo, R.
name: Satariano, R.
name: Darvehi, P.
name: Ranadive, A.
name: Cappelli, G.
name: Gal, G. Le
name: Planat, L.
name: Montemurro, D.
name: Massarotti, D.
name: Tafuri, F.
name: Roch, N.
name: Pepe, G. P.
name: Esposito, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) are extensively employed in experiments involving weak microwave signals for their highly desirable quantum-limited and broadband characteristics. However, TWPAs' broadband nature comes with the disadvantage of admitting the activation of spurious nonlinear processes, such as harmonics generation, that can potentially degrade amplification performance. Here we experimentally investigate a Josephson TWPA device with SNAIL (Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive Element)-based unit cells focusing on the amplification behaviour along with the generation of second and third harmonics of the pump. By comparing experimental results with transient numerical simulations, we demonstrate the influence of Josephson junctions' fabrication imperfections on the occurrence of harmonics and on the gain behaviour.
description: accepted version
Jugendliche auf Grossveranstaltungen: Ambivalente Perspektiven
Creators: name: Chiapparini, Emanuela
Publisher: name: Berner Fachhochschule / Sicherheitsdirektion des Kantons Bern
Year: 2025

description: Sport- und Musikanlässe zählen zu den beliebtesten Freizeitaktivitäten junger Menschen. Doch führt der dortige Alkoholkonsum und die Rolle der Polizei zu geteilten Meinungen. Diese zwei Themen sind auch eine Frage der Sicherheit. Aus der Perspektive der Jugendforschung werden sie beleuchtet, um Lösungen vorzuschlagen.
Revisiting the complex nuclear region of NGC 6240 with Chandra
Creators: name: Fabbiano, G.
name: Paggi, A.
name: Karovska, M.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Nardini, E.
name: Wang, Junfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reanalysis of the cumulative ACIS S Chandra data set pointed at the double AGNs of the NGC 6240 merging galaxy, focusing on the hard energy bands containing the hard spectral continuum (5.5-5.9 keV), the redshifted Fe I K alpha line (6.0-6.4 keV), and the redshifted Fe XXV line (6.4-6.7 keV). We have used to the full the Chandra telescope angular resolution, and we have modeled the Chandra PSF by comparing pre-flight calibration model to the data for the two bright AGNs. With two complementary approaches: (1) studying the residuals after PSF subtraction, and (2) producing reconstructed Expectation through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (EMC2) images, we are able to resolve structures extending from 1 kpc to <200 pc in the S AGN. The latter are within the sphere of influence of this BH. We find significant extended emission in both continuum and Fe lines in the 2'' (1 kpc) region surrounding the nuclei, in the region between the N and S AGN, and in a sector of PA 120-210 deg. extending to the SE from the centroid of the S AGN surface brightness. The extended Fe I K alpha emission is likely to originate from fluorescence of X-ray photons interacting with dense molecular clouds, providing a complementary view to recent high-resolution ALMA studies. The non-thermal emission is more prevalent in the region in between the two active X-ray nuclei, and in the N AGN. We do not find strong evidence of X-ray emission associated with the 3rd nucleus recently proposed for NGC 6240.
description: in press on The Astrophysical Journal
The Source of Mass Accreted by the Central Black Hole in Cooling Flow Clusters
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports the study of the cold-feedback heating in cooling flow clusters. In the cold-feedback model the mass accreted by the central black hole originates in non-linear over-dense blobs of gas residing in an extended region (r ~ 5-30 kpc); these blobs are originally hot, but then cool faster than their environment and sink toward the center. The intra-cluster medium (ICM) entropy profile must be shallow for the blobs to reach the center as cold blobs. I build a toy model to explore the role of the entropy profile and the population of dense blobs in the cold-feedback mechanism. The mass accretion rate by the central black hole is determined by the cooling time of the ICM, the entropy profile, and the presence of inhomogeneities. The mass accretion rate determines the energy injected by the black hole back to the ICM. These active galactic nucleus (AGN) outbursts not only heat the ICM, but also change the entropy profile in the cluster and cause inhomogeneities that are the seeds of future dense blobs. Therefore, in addition to the ICM temperature (or energy), the ICM entropy profile and ICM inhomogeneities are also ingredients in the feedback mechanism.
description: New Astronomy, in press
Probing Axions with Radiation from Magnetic Stars
Creators: name: Lai, Dong
name: Heyl, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments suggest that polarized photons may couple significantly to pseudoscalar particles such as axions. We study the possible observational signatures of axion-photon coupling for radiation from magnetic stars, with particular focus on neutron stars. We present general methods for calculating the axion-photon conversion probability during propagation through a varying magnetized vacuum as well as across an inhomogeneous atmosphere. Partial axion-photon conversion may take place in the vacuum region outside the neutron star. Strong axion-photon mixing occurs due to a resonance in the atmosphere, and depending on the axion coupling strength and other parameters, significant axion-photon conversion can take place at the resonance. Such conversions may produce observable effects on the radiation spectra and polarization signals from the star. We also apply our results to axion-photon propagation in the Sun and in magnetic white dwarfs. We find that there is no appreciable conversion of solar axions to photons during the propagation.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes. PRD accepted
Additional file 12 of Estimating prevalence of human traits among populations from polygenic risk scores
Creators: name: Graham, Britney E.
name: Plotkin, Brian
name: Muglia, Louis
name: Moore, Jason H.
name: Williams, Scott M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 12: Figure S12. Male height maximization analysis r2 values.
High Harmonic Generation in SF$_{6}$: Raman-excited Vibrational Quantum Beats
Creators: name: Walters, Zachary B.
name: Tonzani, Stefano
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent experiment (N. Wagner et al., PNAS v103, p13279) on SF$_{6}$, a high-harmonic generating laser pulse is preceded by a pump pulse which stimulates Raman-active modes in the molecule. Varying the time delay between the two pulses modulates high harmonic intensity, with frequencies equal to the vibration frequencies of the Raman-active modes. We propose an explanation of this modulation as a quantum interference between competing pathways that occur via adjacent vibrational states of the molecule. The Raman and high harmonic processes act as beamsplitters, producing vibrational quantum beats among the Raman-active vibrational modes that are excited by the first pulse. We introduce a rigorous treatment of the electron-ion recombination process and the effect of the ionic Coulomb field in the electron propagation outside the molecule, improving over the widely-used three-step model.
description: submitted to PRL
Effects of potassium fertilization and periderm damage on shelf life of carrots
Creators: name: Biegon, Rebecca Chemutai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Short shelf life has caused a decline in the sale of B.C.-grown carrots from 8.1 million kgs in 1987 to 6.1 million kgs in 1990. This is due to greater postharvest water loss of B.C.-grown carrots compared to those from California and Washington. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of the factors affecting carrot water loss by (1) establishing a procedure to measure surface area of carrot roots, (2) determining the effect of K fertilization on carrot growth, yield and water loss, and (3) detemiining the effects of periderm damage and interaction between periderm damage and K fertilization on water loss of carrots. Baugerod (1993), slicing and surface replica methods for determining surface area of carrot roots were compared using eight carrot varieties on two harvests, and on size grades small, medium, and large of carrots. Surface area values using the three methods were statistically different but the variation was less than 6%. Baugerod method is applicable to carrots of different sizes and can therefore be used to determine surface area of carrots. Carrots were fertilized with five levels of KCI and one level of K2S04 on muck soil, and stored at 13°C and two levels of relative humidity (RH) to assess the effect of rate and source of K on carrot growth, yield, and water loss. Five levels of carrot periderm damage were used to study the effect of periderm damage on water loss. The rate and source of K had no significant effects on growth and water loss. No significant effects of interaction between rate of application of KCI and periderm damage on water loss were observed. Increase in rate of KCI significantly reduced marketable yields probably due to a reduction in carrot stand. KCI significantly reduced marketable yield of carrots compared with K 2S04 applied at same rate. Periderm damage and low RH significantly accelerated water loss and thereby reduced the shelf life of carrots in storage. It was concluded that there was adequate K in muck soil in Cloverdale area (B.C.) to meet carrot requirement, and that K fertilization is unnecessary. The short shelf life of B.C.-grown carrots is likely due to periderm damage and/or storing of carrots at low RH. It could be extended by minimising periderm damage and/or storing carrots at high RH to reduce water loss, hence improving their acceptability.
Anisotropic complex refractive indices of atomically thin materials: determination of the optical constants of few-layer black phosphorus
Creators: name: Ross, Aaron M.
name: Paternò, Giuseppe M.
name: Conte, Stefano Dal
name: Scotognella, Francesco
name: Cinquanta, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we briefly review the studies of the optical constants of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides and few layer black phosphorus, with particular emphasis to the complex dielectric function and refractive index. Specifically, we give an estimate of the complex index of refraction of phosphorene and few-layer black phosphorus. We extracted the complex index of refraction of this material from differential reflectance data reported in literature by employing a constrained Kramers-Kronig analysis. Finally, we studied the linear optical response of multilayer systems embedding phosphorene by using the transfer matrix method.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Irreducible Representations of C*-crossed products by Finite Groups
Creators: name: Arias, Alvaro
name: Latremoliere, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L55, 46L40

description: We describe the structure of the irreducible representations of crossed products of unital C*-algebras by actions of finite groups in terms of irreducible representations of the C*-algebras on which the groups act. We then apply this description to derive a characterization of irreducible representations of crossed-products by finite cyclic groups in terms of representations of the C*-algebra and its fixed point subalgebra. These results are applied to crossed-products by the permutation group on three elements and illustrated by various examples.
description: 41 Pages. Accepted in the Journal of the Ramanujan Mathematics Society.
Law Behind Second Law of Thermodynamics --Unification with Cosmology--
Creators: name: Nielsen, Holger B.
name: Ninomiya, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an abstract setting of a general classical mechanical system as a model for the universe we set up a general formalism for a law behind the second law of thermodynamics, i.e. really for "initial conditions". We propose a unification with the other laws by requiring similar symmetry and locality properties.
description: 17 pages
Additional file 13 of Estimating prevalence of human traits among populations from polygenic risk scores
Creators: name: Graham, Britney E.
name: Plotkin, Brian
name: Muglia, Louis
name: Moore, Jason H.
name: Williams, Scott M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 13: Figure S13. Female height maximization analysis r2 values.
Analytic Approach to the Stability of Standing Accretion Shocks: Application to Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Laming, J. Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore an analytic model of the accretion shock in the post bounce phase of a core-collapse supernova explosion. We find growing oscillations of the shock in the l=1 and l=2 modes, in agreement with a variety of existing numerical simulations. For modest values of the ratio of the outer accretion shock to that of the inner boundary to the shocked flow, the instability appears to derive from the growth of trapped sound waves, whereas at higher values, postshock advection clearly plays a role. Thus the model described here may relate to the different mechanisms of instability recently advocated by Blondin & Mezzacappa, and by Foglizzo and collaborators.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, accepted by ApJ
Molecular dynamics of a short range ordered smectic phase nanoconfined into porous silicon
Creators: name: Guégan, Régis
name: Morineau, Denis
name: Lefort, Ronan
name: Moréac, Alain
name: Béziel, Wilfried
name: Guendouz, Mohammed
name: Zanotti, Jean-Marc
name: Frick, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 4-n-octyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) has been recently shown to display an unusual sequence of phases when confined into porous silicon (PSi). The gradual increase of oriented short-range smectic (SRS) correlations in place of a phase transition has been interpreted as a consequence of the anisotropic quenched disorder induced by confinement in PSi. Combining two quasielastic neutron scattering experiments with complementary energy resolutions, we present the first investigation of the individual molecular dynamics of this system. A large reduction of the molecular dynamics is observed in the confined liquid phase, as a direct consequence of the dynamical boundary conditions imposed by the confinement. Temperature fixed window scans (FWS) reveal a continuous 'glass-like' reduction of the molecular dynamics of the confined liquid and SRS phases on cooling down to 250 K, where a solid-like behavior is finally reached by a two steps crystallization process.
Black Holes and Wormholes Beyond Classical General Relativity
Creators: name: Agrawal, A. S.
name: Zerbini, Sergio
name: Mishra, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper, only Static Spherically Symmetric space-times in four dimensions are considered within modified gravity models. The non-singular static metrics, including black holes not admitting a de Sitter core in the center and traversable wormholes, are reconsidered within a class of higher-order $F(R)$, satisfying the constraints $F(0)=\frac{dF}{dR}(0)=0$. Furthermore, by making use of the so-called effective field theory formulation of gravity, the quantum corrections to Einstein-Hilbert's action due to higher-derivative terms related to curvature invariants are investigated. In particular, in the case of Einstein-Hilbert action plus cubic curvature Goroff-Sagnotti contribution, the second-order correction in the Goroff-Sagnotti coupling constant is computed. In general, it is shown that the effective metrics, namely Schwarzschild expression plus small quantum corrections, are related to black holes and not to traversable wormholes. In this framework, within the approximation considered, the resolution of singularity for $r=0$ is not accomplished. The related properties of these solutions are investigated.
description: 21 pages, 0 figure
Why Would You Suggest That? Human Trust in Language Model Responses
Creators: name: Sharma, Manasi
name: Siu, Ho Chit
name: Paleja, Rohan
name: Peña, Jaime D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revealed a growing need for human-AI collaboration, especially in creative decision-making scenarios where trust and reliance are paramount. Through human studies and model evaluations on the open-ended News Headline Generation task from the LaMP benchmark, we analyze how the framing and presence of explanations affect user trust and model performance. Overall, we provide evidence that adding an explanation in the model response to justify its reasoning significantly increases self-reported user trust in the model when the user has the opportunity to compare various responses. Position and faithfulness of these explanations are also important factors. However, these gains disappear when users are shown responses independently, suggesting that humans trust all model responses, including deceptive ones, equitably when they are shown in isolation. Our findings urge future research to delve deeper into the nuanced evaluation of trust in human-machine teaming systems.
Quantum Statistical Effects on Warm Dark Matter and the Mass Constraint from the Cosmic Structure at Small Scales
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhijian
name: Lin, Weikang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The suppression of the small-scale matter power spectrum is a distinct feature of Warm Dark Matter (WDM), which permits a constraint on the WDM mass from galaxy surveys. In the thermal relic WDM scenario, quantum statistical effects are not manifest. In a unified framework, we investigate the quantum statistical effects for a fermion case with a degenerate pressure and a boson case with a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Compared to the thermal relic case, the degenerate fermion case only slightly lowers the mass bound, while the boson case with a high initial BEC fraction ($\gtrsim90\%$) significantly lowers it. On the other hand, the BEC fraction drops during the relativistic-to-nonrelativistic transition and completely disappears if the initial fraction is below $\sim64$\%. Given the rising interest in resolving the late-time galaxy-scale problems with boson condensation, a question is posed on how a high initial BEC fraction can be dynamically created so that a condensed DM component remains today.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Estimating prevalence of human traits among populations from polygenic risk scores
Creators: name: Graham, Britney E.
name: Plotkin, Brian
name: Muglia, Louis
name: Moore, Jason H.
name: Williams, Scott M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. LocusZoom chromosomal location plot of the full melanoma SNP set.
Piecewise linear potentials for false vacuum decay and negative modes
Creators: name: Ai, Wen-Yuan
name: Alexandre, Jean
name: Sarkar, Sarben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study bounce solutions and associated negative modes in the class of piecewise linear triangular-shaped potentials that may be viewed as approximations of smooth potentials. In these simple potentials, the bounce solution and action can be obtained analytically for a general spacetime dimension $D$. The eigenequations for the fluctuations around the bounce are universal and have the form of a Schrödinger-like equation with delta-function potentials. This Schrödinger equation is solved exactly for the negative modes whose number is confirmed to be one. The latter result may justify the usefulness of such piecewise linear potentials in the study of false vacuum decay.