cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence of near-infrared partial photonic bandgap in polymeric rod-connected diamond structures
Creators: name: Chen, Lifeng
name: Taverne, Mike P. C.
name: Zheng, Xu
name: Lin, Jia-De
name: Oulton, Ruth
name: Lopez-Garcia, Martin
name: Ho, Ying-Lung D.
name: Rarity, John G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the simulation, fabrication, and optical characterization of low-index polymeric rod-connected diamond (RCD) structures. Such complex three-dimensional photonic crystal structures are created via direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization. To our knowledge, this is the first measurement at near-infrared wavelengths, showing partial photonic bandgaps for this structure. We characterize structures in transmission and reflection using angular resolved Fourier image spectroscopy to visualize the band structure. Comparison of the numerical simulations of such structures with the experimentally measured data show good agreement for both P- and S-polarizations.
The functional gastrointestinal disorders and the Rome II process
Creators: name: DROSSMAN, D A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Man should strive to have his intestines relaxed all the days of his life. Moses Maimonides, AD 1135–1204 A good set of bowels is worth more to a man than any quantity of brains. Josh Billings (Henry Wheeler Shaw), AD 1818–1885 For centuries, physicians and historians have recognized that it is common for maladies to afflict the intestinal tract, producing symptoms of pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, difficult passage of food or feces, or any combination.1When these symptoms are experienced as severe, or when they impact on daily life, those afflicted often attribute the symptoms to an illness and seek medical care. Traditionally, the physicians caring for these patients will search for inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, and other structural abnormalities to make a specific diagnosis and offer specific treatment. Yet as has been common in medical practice,2 when no structural etiology is found, the patient is diagnosed as having “functional” symptoms and is treated symptomatically. Until recently, the limited scientific knowledge about the pathophysiology of these symptoms, and the need to diagnose by excluding “organic” disease, has led physicians to feel uncertain about the legitimacy of these symptoms as bona fide disorders.3 Some have felt insecure in their ability to manage patients with these conditions, and might even avoid caring for patients with these complaints. But over the past two decades, two important processes have occurred to legitimize these conditions, and to increase attention toward the research and clinical care of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). The first has been a shift in conceptualizing these disorders from a disease-based, reductionistic model, where the effort is directed toward identifying a single underlying biological etiology, to a more integrated, biopsychosocial model of illness.4 5 The latter model allows for symptoms to be understood as physiologically …
title: How Airborne Electromagnetic (AEM) Surveys Work - Helicopter
Creators: name: M., Sweeney
name: M., Sweeney
name: L., Soroka
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: EARTH SCIENCES
subject: GEOPHYSICS
subject: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
subject: stakeholder engagement
subject: land access
subject: air access
subject: marine access
subject: electromagnetic survey
subject: airborne survey
subject: geophysical survey
subject: AEM
subject: helicopter
subject: conductivity
subject: resistivity
subject: AusAEM
subject: Published_External
subject: EFTF - Exploring for the Future
subject: Geoscience Knowledge Sharing

description: This animation shows how Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys Work, when conducted by a rotary wing (helicopter) aircraft. It is part of a series of Field Activity Technique Engagement Animations. The target audience are the communities that are impacted by our data acquisition activities. There is no sound or voice over. The 2D animation includes a simplified view of what AEM equipment looks like, what the equipment measures and how the survey works.
An Analysis of the Determinants of Beef Consumption and Consumer Preference Using BWS
Creators: name: Chang, Jaebong
name: Chang, Jaebong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: determinants of purchase decision
subject: consumer preference
subject: best-worst scaling

description: This study sought to determine consumers’ beef value by utilizing the best-worst scaling method. Based on previous literatures related to consumers’ purchasing behavior and preferences for beef, a list of eleven beef values was compiled. Results show that on average the values of safety, freshness, origin, taste, and price were the most important to consumers, whereas the values of brand, size, purpose, marbling, and grade were the least important. However, there was significant heterogeneity in the relative importance placed on beef values. Results reveal that beef values are significantly related to consumers' stated and revealed preferences for beef.
Evaluation and updates to the Leggett model for pharmacokinetic modeling of exposure to lead in the workplace – Part II adjustments to the adult exposure model, confirmation of Leggett+, and modeling of workplace exposure
Creators: name: Vork, Kathleen L.
name: Brown, Joseph P.
name: Carlisle, James C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has updated the comprehensive age-specific model of lead metabolism in humans published by Richard W. Leggett in 1993. The updated model, called Leggett+, was introduced in a peer-reviewed report in 2013. The Leggett + model simulates the relationship between blood lead and exposure in the workplace. Leggett + includes a workplace exposure model comprising respiratory tract intake (workplace lead inhaled by a worker) and uptake (lead absorbed into the blood from the respiratory tract plus uptake from ambient air and diet). The latter is calculated as intake times an inhalation transfer coefficient plus background uptake. An adjusted adult systemic model describes the metabolism of the absorbed lead. This paper provides details about the workplace exposure and uptake elements of Leggett+, an updated approach to calibrating an inhalation transfer coefficient, confirmation of the model’s performance in predicting blood lead levels from workplace studies, and predictions of blood lead levels from simulated exposures to workplace airborne lead over a working lifetime. Blood lead relative to airborne lead concentrations in a standard workplace scenario predicted by Leggett + was similar to corresponding relationships from four published workplace studies. Leggett + predictions displayed a good fit to regression equations when other key factors were considered such as pre-employment blood lead and ongoing background intake of lead, workplace air concentration, lead aerosol characteristics, and worker activity levels. The comprehensive Leggett + model can simulate plausible workplace air–blood lead relationships from a broad range of worker exposures. The inhalation transfer coefficient of 0.30, derived from empirical data described in the 2013 report has been reexamined. The original estimate continues to represent a plausible mid-point for a coefficient derived from an expanded range of theoretical particle size distributions deposited in the upper and lower regions of the respiratory tract considering intake during sedentary and outdoor activity breathing scenarios. This coefficient is slightly lower than the value of 0.35 estimated for unknown forms of lead by Leggett in 1993.
Quantum Markov chains, sufficiency of quantum channels, and Renyi information measures
Creators: name: Datta, Nilanjana
name: Wilde, Mark M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A short quantum Markov chain is a tripartite state $ρ_{ABC}$ such that system $A$ can be recovered perfectly by acting on system $C$ of the reduced state $ρ_{BC}$. Such states have conditional mutual information $I(A;B|C)$ equal to zero and are the only states with this property. A quantum channel $\mathcal{N}$ is sufficient for two states $ρ$ and $σ$ if there exists a recovery channel using which one can perfectly recover $ρ$ from $\mathcal{N}(ρ)$ and $σ$ from $\mathcal{N}(σ)$. The relative entropy difference $D(ρ\Vertσ)-D(\mathcal{N}(ρ)\Vert\mathcal{N}(σ))$ is equal to zero if and only if $\mathcal{N}$ is sufficient for $ρ$ and $σ$. In this paper, we show that these properties extend to Renyi generalizations of these information measures which were proposed in [Berta et al., J. Math. Phys. 56, 022205, (2015)] and [Seshadreesan et al., J. Phys. A 48, 395303, (2015)], thus providing an alternate characterization of short quantum Markov chains and sufficient quantum channels. These results give further support to these quantities as being legitimate Renyi generalizations of the conditional mutual information and the relative entropy difference. Along the way, we solve some open questions of Ruskai and Zhang, regarding the trace of particular matrices that arise in the study of monotonicity of relative entropy under quantum operations and strong subadditivity of the von Neumann entropy.
description: v4: 26 pages, 1 figure; reorganized and one open question solved with Choi's inequality (at the suggestion of an anonymous referee)
Thermodynamik von Kobaltoxid-Anodenmaterialien für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien und ihr Elektrochemisches Verhalten
Creators: name: Mayer, Nicolas A.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
Anoden Materialien
Kobaltoxid
Thermodynamik
Kalorimetrie

description: Konversionselektroden weisen im Vergleich zu den inzwischen oft in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien (LIB) verwendeten Interkalationselektroden sehr hohe spezifische Kapazitäten auf. In dieser Arbeit wird versucht, durch einen thermodynamischen Ansatz neue Erkenntnisse über den Reaktionsmechanismus und die Zusammenhänge zwischen elektrochemischen und thermodynamischen Eigenschaften der Konversionselektroden im Materialsystem Li-Co-O zu erlangen. Hierfür wurden thermodynamische Beschreibungen mit Hilfe der CALPHAD-Methode entwickelt. Durch die Zusammenhänge zwischen der elektrochemischen Gleichgewichtsspannung und dem chemischen Potential ist es mit der thermodynamischen Beschreibung möglich, Gleichgewichtsspannungen und Titrationskurven der Elektroden gegen Lithium zu berechnen und vorherzusagen. Weiterhin lassen sich durch thermodynamisch-elektrochemische Berechnungen mögliche Reaktionspfade und eventuell auftretende Verbindungen einfach identifizieren. Die Ergebnisse aus den thermodynamischen Berechnungen werden weiterhin mit experimentellen elektrochemischen Daten verglichen und diskutiert.
Formation of In Situ Stellar Haloes in Milky Way-Mass Galaxies
Creators: name: Cooper, Andrew P.
name: Parry, Owen H.
name: Lowing, Ben
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Frenk, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of stellar haloes in three Milky Way-mass galaxies using cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations, focusing on the subset of halo stars that form in situ, as opposed to those accreted from satellites. In situ stars in our simulations dominate the stellar halo out to 20 kpc and account for 30-40 per cent of its total mass. We separate in situ halo stars into three straightforward, physically distinct categories according to their origin: stars scattered from the disc of the main galaxy ('heated disc'), stars formed from gas smoothly accreted on to the halo ('smooth' gas) and stars formed in streams of gas stripped from infalling satellites ('stripped' gas). We find that most belong to the stripped gas category. Those originating in smooth gas outside the disc tend to form at the same time and place as the stripped-gas population, suggesting that their formation is associated with the same gas-rich accretion events. The scattered disc star contribution is negligible overall but significant in the Solar neighbourhood, where ~90 per cent of stars on eccentric orbits once belonged to the disc. However, the distinction between halo and thick disc in this region is highly ambiguous. The chemical and kinematic properties of the different components are very similar at the present day, but the global properties of the in situ halo differ substantially between the three galaxies in our study. In our simulations, the hierarchical buildup of structure is the driving force behind not only the accreted stellar halo, but also those halo stars formed in situ.
description: 13 pages (17 with appendices), 11 figures, MNRAS accepted
Estimating evaporation rates and contaminant air concentrations due to small spills of non-ideal aqueous organic solvent mixtures in a controlled environment
Creators: name: Abattan, Spéro Franck
name: Ryan, Patrick Eddy
name: Lavoué, Jérôme
name: Hallé, Stéphane
name: Bahloul, Ali
name: Drolet, Daniel
name: Debia, Maximilien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Although small spills of non-ideal organic solvent mixtures are ubiquitous undesirable events in occupational settings, the potential risk of exposure associated with such scenarios remains insufficiently investigated. This study aimed to examine the impact of non-ideality on evaporation rates and contaminant air concentrations resulting from small spills of organic solvent mixtures. Evaporation rate constants alphas (α) were experimentally measured for five pure solvents using a gravimetric approach during solvent evaporation tests designed to simulate small spills of solvents. Two equations were used for estimating contaminants’ evaporation rates from aqueous mixtures assuming either ideal or non-ideal behavior based on the pure-chemical alpha values. A spill model also known as the well-mixed room model with exponentially decreasing emission rate was used to predict air concentrations during various spill scenarios based on the two sets of estimated evaporation rates. Model predictive performance was evaluated by comparing the estimates against real-time concentrations measured for the same scenarios. Evaluations for 12 binary non-ideal aqueous mixtures found that the estimated evaporation rates accounting for the correction by the activity coefficients of the solvents (median = 0.0318 min−1) were higher than the evaporation rates estimated without the correction factor (median = 0.00632 min−1). Model estimates using the corrected evaporation rates reasonably agreed with the measured values, with a median predicted peak concentrations-to-measured peak concentrations ratio of 0.92 (0.81 to 1.32) and a median difference between the predicted and the measured peak times of −5 min. By contrast, when the non-corrected evaporation rates were used, the median predicted peak concentrations-to-measured peak concentrations ratio was 0.31 (0.08 to 0.75) and the median difference between the predicted and the measured peak times was +33 min. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of considering the non-ideality effect for accurately estimating evaporation rates and contaminant air concentrations generated by solvent mixtures. Moreover, this study is a step further in improving knowledge of modeling exposures related to small spills of organic solvent mixtures.
Scoping Review of templates for systematic analysis of health systems
Creators: name: Pfundstein, Isabel
name: Waitzberg, Ruth
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Understanding and comparing health systems is key for cross-country learning and health system strengthening. Templates help to develop standardised and coherent descriptions and assessments of health systems, which then allow meaningful analyses and comparisons. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of existing templates, their content and the way data is presented.
Work-related stress and atopic dermatitis: Results from the study on occupational allergy risks
Creators: name: Weinmann, Tobias
name: Forster, Felix
name: Hell, Katharina
name: Gerlich, Jessica
name: Wengenroth, Laura
name: Schlotz, Wolff
name: Vogelberg, Christian
name: von Mutius, Erika
name: Nowak, Dennis
name: Radon, Katja
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Chronic stress at work is ubiquitous in modern societies. However, its influence on atopic dermatitis (AD) has hardly been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the association between work-related stress and AD via a longitudinal study. The analysis comprised data from three phases (2002–2003, 2007–2009, 2017–2018) of the prospective Study on Occupational Allergy Risks (SOLAR), including 1,240 young adults aged 16 to 18 years at baseline (61% female) who were originally recruited for the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase II in 1995–1996. AD was assessed at all three phases based on self-reports of a physician’s diagnosis and symptoms. Work-related stress was measured at all three periods using the work discontent and work overload scales from the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress with adaptions to school and university. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between stress and AD, treating work discontent and work overload first as continuous and then as categorical exposure variables. We observed 50 AD cases (4%) at SOLAR I, 48 (4%) at SOLAR II, and 42 (3%) at SOLAR III. A one-point increase in the work discontent score was associated with an odds ratio (OR) for AD of 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.10). The respective increase in the work overload score led to an OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 0.99–1.06). In the categorical analysis, there was no clear indication of elevated odds of AD in the highest vs. lowest exposure group (4th vs. 1st quartile: OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.92–2.53 for work discontent; OR, 1.38, 95% CI, 0.83–2.27 for work overload). Altogether, we observed limited to no evidence for an association between work-related stress and AD. Our study’s ability to detect stronger evidence may have been compromised by shortcomings such as nondifferential misclassification of the outcome or insufficient statistical precision due to small numbers of AD cases. Another explanation could be that AD predominantly becomes evident in childhood, not in adulthood.
Determination of distance relay characteristics using an inductive learning system
Creators: name: Chawda, Sonal
Publisher: name: CQUniversity
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 99999 Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies

description: In this research an attempt has been made to design distance relays as per protection system requirements. This is achieved by using an Inductive learning technique. The inductive learning algorithm which belongs to the family of machine learning by examples is used to convert a set of impedance values into a decision tree. The impedance values are obtained by conducting fault study on the system to be protected. A number of tests have been carried out on various transmission line configurations. The required software for generating thedecision tree has been developed.
Recovery of ischaemic injured porcine ileum: evidence for a contributory role of COX-1 and COX-2
Creators: name: Blikslager, A T
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Background: We have previously shown that the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin retards recovery of intestinal barrier function in ischaemic injured porcine ileum. However, the relative role of COX-1 and COX-2 elaborated prostaglandins in this process is unclear.
Antibiotics with a selective aerobic or anaerobic spectrum have different therapeutic activities in various regions of the colon in interleukin 10 gene deficient mice
Creators: name: Hoentjen, F
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Background and aims: Multiple rodent models implicate resident intestinal bacteria in the pathogenesis of chronic immune mediated intestinal inflammation. Specific pathogen free (SPF) interleukin 10 gene deficient (IL-10−/−) mice develop colitis, which does not occur in the germ free (GF) state. We investigated whether broad or narrow spectrum antibiotics affect onset and progression of disease in various regions of IL-10−/− mice.
Real-Time Nonlinear Behavioral Electro-Thermal Device-Level Emulation of IGBT on Heterogeneous Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform
Creators: Bingrong Shang, Tianshi Cheng, Tian Liang, Ning Lin, Venkata Dinavahi
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

Power converter design evaluation by means of real-time simulation techniques is prevalent, although it is mostly restricted to simple power semiconductor switch models that exclude device-level physical details. In this work, the nonlinear high-order electro-thermal model of the Insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is developed and then deployed onto the heterogeneous digital hardware for real-time implementation. As the complexity of the nonlinear behavioral model (NBM) of the IGBT poses a significant computational burden on real-time hardware emulation, machine learning (ML) methodology is utilized so that the trained model can reproduce the characteristics of its original counterpart as much as possible and then it is implemented on the Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platform (ACAP), which composes of the processing system (PS), programmable logic (PL), and Artificial Intelligent Engine (AIE). The vector multiplication feature of the AIE caters to mathematical operations of the ML-based model particularly well and consequently enables it to be executed in real-time with remarkable speedup over the original model with which matrix inversion is otherwise mandatory. Finally, the validation for real-time device-level results and system-level results of a multi-converter system is provided by SaberRD and MATLAB/Simulink.
Spectral unmixing of Multispectral Lidar signals
Creators: name: Altmann, Yoann
name: Wallace, Andrew
name: McLaughlin, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach for spectral unmixing of multispectral Lidar (MSL) data associated with surface reflection from targeted surfaces composed of several known materials. The problem addressed is the estimation of the positions and area distribution of each material. In the Bayesian framework, appropriate prior distributions are assigned to the unknown model parameters and a Markov chain Monte Carlo method is used to sample the resulting posterior distribution. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using synthetic MSL signals, for which single and multi-layered models are derived. To evaluate the expected estimation performance associated with MSL signal analysis, a Cramer-Rao lower bound associated with model considered is also derived, and compared with the experimental data. Both the theoretical lower bound and the experimental analysis will be of primary assistance in future instrument design.
Edge Statistics for a Class of Repulsive Particle Systems
Creators: name: Kriecherbauer, Thomas
name: Venker, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60B20, 82C22

description: We study a class of interacting particle systems on $\mathbb{R}$ which was recently investigated by F. Götze and the second author [GV14]. These ensembles generalize eigenvalue ensembles of Hermitian random matrices by allowing different interactions between particles. Although these ensembles are not known to be determinantal one can use the stochastic linearization method of [GV14] to represent them as averages of determinantal ones. Our results describe the transition between universal behavior in the regime of the Tracy-Widom law and non-universal behavior for large deviations of the rightmost particle. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the transition that occurs in the regime of moderate deviations, is provided. We also compare our results with the corresponding ones obtained recently for determinantal ensembles [Sch15, EKS15]. In particular, we discuss how the averaging effects the leading order behavior in the regime of large deviations. In the analyis of the averaging procedure we use detailed asymptotic information on the behavior of Christoffel-Darboux kernels that is uniform for perturbative families of weights. Such results have been provided by K. Schubert, K. Schüler and the authors in [KSSV14].
description: v2: extended version including new results on moderate and large deviations, corrected rates of convergence; v3: references added; 33 pages
Lactobacillus GG prevents recurrence of colitis in HLA-B27 transgenic rats after antibiotic treatment
Creators: name: Dieleman, L A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Background and aims: Bacteroides vulgatus induces colitis in gnotobiotic HLA-B27 transgenic (TG) rats while broad spectrum antibiotics prevent and treat colitis in specific pathogen free (SPF) TG rats although disease recurs after treatment ends. Lactobacilli treat human pouchitis and experimental colitis. We investigated if Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (L GG) can prevent colitis in TG rats monoassociated with B vulgatus and if L GG or Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (LP 299v) can treat established colitis in SPF TG rats and prevent recurrent disease after antibiotics were stopped.
Arginine stimulates intestinal cell migration through a focal adhesion kinase dependent mechanism
Creators: name: Rhoads, J M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Background: l-Arginine is a nutritional supplement that may be useful for promoting intestinal repair. Arginine is metabolised by the oxidative deiminase pathway to form nitric oxide (NO) and by the arginase pathway to yield ornithine and polyamines.
Massive holographic QCD in the Veneziano limit
Creators: name: Jarvinen, Matti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QCD at finite, flavor independent quark mass is analyzed by using bottom-up holography in the Veneziano limit, where the backreaction of quarks to the gluon dynamics is fully included. The dependence on the quark mass of observables such as the bound state masses, the chiral condensate, the S-parameter, and the critical temperatures is studied. Many of the results are argued to be universal, i.e., independent of the details of the holographic model, and compared to explicit computations in the V-QCD models. The effect of adding four-fermion operators in QCD is also discussed.
description: 66+43 pages, 23 figures. v2: Section 3 clarified, minor corrections, comments and references added
Sexual and physical abuse are not associated with rectal hypersensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Creators: name: Ringel, Y
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Background: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have reduced pain thresholds for rectal distension. In addition, the prevalence of sexual/physical abuse in referred IBS patients is high and is associated with greater pain reporting, poorer health status, and poorer outcome. This lead to a hypothesis that abuse history may sensitise patients to report pain at a lower threshold.
Recent progress in backreacted bottom-up holographic QCD
Creators: name: Jarvinen, Matti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent progress in constructing holographic models for QCD is discussed, concentrating on the bottom-up models which implement holographically the renormalization group flow of QCD. The dynamics of gluons can be modeled by using a string-inspired model termed improved holographic QCD, and flavor can be added by introducing space filling branes in this model. The flavor fully backreacts to the glue in the Veneziano limit, giving rise to a class of models which are called V-QCD. The phase diagrams and spectra of V-QCD are in good agreement with results for QCD obtained by other methods.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the conference 'XIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum', St. Petersburg, September 8-12, 2014. v2: references updated. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.00685
Effectiveness of dermal cleaning interventions for reducing firefighters’ exposures to PAHs and genotoxins
Creators: name: Keir, Jennifer L. A.
name: Kirkham, Tracy L.
name: Aranda-Rodriguez, Rocio
name: White, Paul A.
name: Blais, Jules M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Firefighters are exposed to carcinogenic and mutagenic combustion emissions, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fire service and firefighter cancer advocacy groups recommend skin cleaning using wipes or washing with detergent and water after exposure to smoke, although these strategies have not been proven to reduce exposures to harmful combustion products such as PAHs. This study assessed dermal decontamination methods to reduce PAH exposures by firefighters participating in live fire training scenarios. Study participants (n = 88) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (i.e., two types of commercial skin wipes, detergent and water, or a control group who did not use any skin decontamination). PAHs were measured in personal air (during the fire) and dermal wipe samples (before and after fire suppression and after dermal decontamination). PAH metabolites and mutagenicity were measured in urine samples before and after fire suppression. Airborne PAH concentrations during the fire ranged between 200 and 3,970 μg/m3 (mean = 759 μg/m3, SD = 685 μg/m3). Firefighters had higher total PAHs and high-molecular-weight PAHs on their skin after the fire compared to before (1.3- and 2.2-fold, respectively, p < 0.01). Urinary PAH metabolites increased significantly following exposure to the training fires by 1.7 to 2.2-fold (depending on the metabolite, p < 0.001). Urinary mutagenicity did not differ significantly between pre- and post-fire for any of the decontamination methods. Detergent and water was the only intervention that removed a significant amount of total PAHs from the skin (0.72 ng/cm2 preintervention vs. 0.38 ng/cm2 postintervention, p < 0.01). However, fold changes in urinary PAH metabolites (i.e., pre- vs. post-exposure levels) did not differ among any of the dermal decontamination methods or the control group. These data suggest that despite on-site attempts to remove PAHs from firefighters’ skin, the examined interventions did not reduce the internal dose of PAHs. Future work should investigate preventing initial exposure using other interventions, such as improved personal protective equipment.
Spinning gravitating objects in the effective field theory in the post-Newtonian scheme
Creators: name: Levi, Michele
name: Steinhoff, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a formulation for spinning gravitating objects in the effective field theory in the post-Newtonian scheme in the context of the binary inspiral problem. We aim at an effective action, where all field modes below the orbital scale are integrated out. We spell out the relevant degrees of freedom, in particular the rotational ones, and the associated symmetries. Building on these symmetries, we introduce the minimal coupling part of the point particle action in terms of gauge rotational variables, and construct the spin-induced nonminimal couplings, where we obtain the leading order couplings to all orders in spin. We specify the gauge for the rotational variables, where the unphysical degrees of freedom are eliminated already from the Feynman rules, and all the orbital field modes are integrated out. The equations of motion of the spin can be directly obtained via a proper variation of the action, and Hamiltonians may be straightforwardly derived. We implement this effective field theory for spin to derive all spin dependent potentials up to next-to-leading order to quadratic level in spin, namely up to the third post-Newtonian order for rapidly rotating compact objects. In particular, the proper next-to-leading order spin-squared potential and Hamiltonian for generic compact objects are also derived. For the implementations we use the nonrelativistic gravitational field decomposition, which is found here to eliminate higher-loop Feynman diagrams also in spin dependent sectors, and facilitates derivations. This formulation for spin is thus ideal for treatment of higher order spin dependent sectors.
description: 47 pages, 4 figures, published
The Data Reduction Pipeline for the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
Creators: name: Nidever, David L.
name: Holtzman, Jon A.
name: Prieto, Carlos Allende
name: Beland, Stephane
name: Bender, Chad
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Burton, Adam
name: Desphande, Rohit
name: Fleming, Scott W.
name: Perez, Ana Elia Garcia
name: Hearty, Fred R.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Meszaros, Szabolcs
name: Muna, Demitri
name: Nguyen, Duy
name: Schiavon, Ricardo P.
name: Shetrone, Matthew
name: Skrutskie, Michael F.
name: Sobeck, Jennifer S.
name: Wilson, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III, explores the stellar populations of the Milky Way using the Sloan 2.5-m telescope linked to a high resolution (R~22,500), near-infrared (1.51-1.70 microns) spectrograph with 300 optical fibers. For over 150,000 predominantly red giant branch stars that APOGEE targeted across the Galactic bulge, disks and halo, the collected high S/N (>100 per half-resolution element) spectra provide accurate (~0.1 km/s) radial velocities, stellar atmospheric parameters, and precise (~0.1 dex) chemical abundances for about 15 chemical species. Here we describe the basic APOGEE data reduction software that reduces multiple 3D raw data cubes into calibrated, well-sampled, combined 1D spectra, as implemented for the SDSS-III/APOGEE data releases (DR10, DR11 and DR12). The processing of the near-IR spectral data of APOGEE presents some challenges for reduction, including automated sky subtraction and telluric correction over a 3 degree diameter field and the combination of spectrally dithered spectra. We also discuss areas for future improvement.
description: 22 pages, 26 figures. Accepted for publication in AJ
Evaluation and updates to the Leggett model for pharmacokinetic modeling of exposure to lead in the workplace – Part II adjustments to the adult exposure model, confirmation of Leggett + and modeling of workplace exposure
Creators: name: Vork, Kathleen L.
name: Brown, Joseph P.
name: Carlisle, James C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has updated the comprehensive age-specific model of lead metabolism in humans published by Richard W. Leggett in 1993. The updated model, called Leggett + was introduced in a peer-reviewed report in 2013. The Leggett + model simulates the relationship between blood lead and exposure in the workplace. Leggett + includes a workplace exposure model comprising respiratory tract intake (workplace lead inhaled by a worker) and uptake (lead absorbed into blood from the respiratory tract plus uptake from ambient air and diet). The latter is calculated as intake times an inhalation transfer coefficient plus background uptake. An adjusted adult systemic model describes metabolism of the absorbed lead. This paper provides details about the workplace exposure and uptake elements of Leggett+, an updated approach to calibrating an inhalation transfer coefficient, confirmation of the model’s performance in predicting blood lead levels from workplace studies, and predictions of blood lead levels from simulated exposures to workplace airborne lead over a working lifetime. Blood lead relative to airborne lead concentrations in a standard workplace scenario predicted by Leggett + were similar to corresponding relationships from four published workplace studies. Leggett + predictions displayed a good fit to regression equations when other key factors were considered such as pre-employment blood lead and ongoing background intake of lead, workplace air concentration, lead aerosol characteristics and worker activity levels. The comprehensive Leggett + model is able to simulate plausible workplace air – blood lead relationships from a broad range of worker exposures. The inhalation transfer coefficient of 0.30, derived from empirical data described in the 2013 report has been re-examined. The original estimate continues to represent a plausible mid-point for a coefficient derived from an expanded range of theoretical particle size distributions deposited in the upper and lower regions of the respiratory tract considering intake during sedentary and outdoor activity breathing scenarios. This coefficient is slightly lower than the value of 0.35 estimated for unknown forms of lead by Leggett in 1993.
Effectiveness of dermal cleaning interventions for reducing firefighters' exposures to PAHs and genotoxins
Creators: name: Keir, Jennifer L. A.
name: Kirkham, Tracy L.
name: Aranda-Rodriguez, Rocio
name: White, Paul A.
name: Blais, Jules M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Firefighters are exposed to carcinogenic and mutagenic combustion emissions, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fire service and firefighter cancer advocacy groups recommend skin cleaning using wipes or washing with detergent and water after exposure to smoke, although these strategies have not been proven to reduce exposures to harmful combustion products like PAHs. This study assessed dermal decontamination methods to reduce PAH exposures by firefighters participating in live fire training scenarios. Study participants (n = 88) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (i.e., two types of commercial skin wipes, detergent and water, or a control group who did not use any skin decontamination). PAHs were measured in personal air (during the fire) and dermal wipe samples (before and after fire suppression, and after dermal decontamination). PAH metabolites and mutagenicity were measured in urine samples before and after fire suppression. Airborne PAH concentrations during the fire ranged between 200 and 3969 µg/m3 (mean= 759 µg/m3, SD = 685 µg/m3). Firefighters had higher total PAHs and high molecular weight PAHs on their skin after the fire compared to before (1.3- and 2.2-fold, respectively, p < 0.01). Urinary PAH metabolites increased significantly following exposure to the training fires by 1.7 – 2.2-fold (depending on the metabolite, p < 0.001). Urinary mutagenicity did not differ significantly. Detergent and water was the only intervention that removed a significant amount of total PAHs from the skin (0.72 ng/cm2 pre-intervention vs. 0.38 ng/cm2 post-intervention, p < 0.01). However, fold changes in urinary PAH metabolites (i.e., pre- versus post-exposure levels) did not differ between any of the dermal decontamination methods or the control group. These data suggest that despite on-site attempts to remove PAHs from firefighters’ skin, the examined interventions did not reduce the internal dose of PAHs. Future work should investigate preventing initial exposure using other interventions, such as improved personal protective equipment.
Estimating evaporation rates and contaminant air concentrations due to small spills of non-ideal aqueous organic solvent mixtures in a controlled environment
Creators: name: Abattan, Spéro Franck
name: Ryan, Patrick Eddy
name: Lavoué, Jérôme
name: Hallé, Stéphane
name: Bahloul, Ali
name: Drolet, Daniel
name: Debia, Maximilien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Although small spills of non-ideal organic solvent mixtures are ubiquitous undesirable events in occupational settings, the potential risk of exposure associated to such scenarios remain insufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of non-ideality on evaporation rates and contaminant air concentrations resulting from small spills of organic solvent mixtures. Evaporation rate constants alphas (α) were experimentally measured for five pure solvents using a gravimetric approach during solvent evaporation tests designed to simulate small spills of solvents. Two equations were used for estimating contaminants evaporation rates from aqueous mixtures assuming either ideal or non-ideal behavior based on the pure-chemical alpha values. A spill model also known as the well-mixed room model with exponentially decreasing emission rate was used to predict air concentrations during various spill scenarios based on the two sets of estimated evaporation rates. Model predictive performance was evaluated by comparing the estimates against real-time concentrations measured for the same scenarios. Evaluations for 12 binary non-ideal aqueous mixtures found that the estimated evaporation rates accounting for the correction by the activity coefficients of the solvents (median = 0.0318 min−1) were higher than the evaporation rates estimated without the correction factor (median = 0.00632 min−1). Model estimates using the corrected evaporation rates reasonably agreed with the measured values, with a median predicted peak concentrations-to-measured peak concentrations ratio of 0.92 (0.81 to 1.32), and a median difference between the predicted and the measured peak times of -5 min. By contrast, when the non-corrected evaporation rates were used, the median predicted peak concentrations-to-measured peak concentrations ratio was 0.31 (0.08 to 0.75) and the median difference between the predicted and the measured peak times was +33 min. Results from this study demonstrate the importance of considering the non-ideality effect for accurately estimating evaporation rates and contaminant air concentrations generated by solvent mixtures. Moreover, this study constitutes a step further in the improvement of knowledge on modeling exposures related to small spills of organic solvent mixtures.
What is the best management strategy for high grade dysplasia in Barrett's oesophagus? A cost effectiveness analysis
Creators: name: Shaheen, N J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Background: Multiple treatment strategies for subjects with high grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett’s oesophagus (BO) have been suggested. However, it is unclear which of these strategies provides the greatest life expectancy, and the costs associated with the management strategies are unknown.