cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On testing the change-point in the longitudinal bent line quantile regression model
Creators: Sha, Nanshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The problem of detecting changes has been receiving considerable attention in various fields. In general, the change-point problem is to identify the location(s) in an ordered sequence that divides this sequence into groups, which follow different models. This dissertation considers the change-point problem in quantile regression for observational or clinical studies involving correlated data (e.g. longitudinal studies) . Our research is motivated by the lack of ideal inference procedures for such models. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we extend the previously reported work on the bent line quantile regression model [Li et al. (2011)] to a longitudinal framework. Second, we propose a score-type test for hypothesis testing of the change-point problem using rank-based inference. The proposed test in this thesis has several advantages over the existing inferential approaches. Most importantly, it circumvents the difficulties of estimating nuisance parameters (e.g. density function of unspecified error) as required for the Wald test in previous works and thus is more reliable in finite sample performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate, through a series of simulations, that the proposed methods also outperform the extensively used bootstrap methods by providing more accurate and computationally efficient confidence intervals. To illustrate the usage of our methods, we apply them to two datasets from real studies: the Finnish Longitudinal Growth Study and an AIDS clinical trial. In each case, the proposed approach sheds light on the response pattern by providing an estimated location of abrupt change along with its 95% confidence interval at any quantile of interest "” a key parameter with clinical implications. The proposed methods allow for different change-points at different quantile levels of the outcome. In this way, they offer a more comprehensive picture of the covariate effects on the response variable than is provided by other change-point models targeted exclusively on the conditional mean. We conclude that our framework and proposed methodology are valuable for studying the change-point problem involving longitudinal data.
Distance Measurement and Wave Dispersion in a Liouville-String Approach to Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Amelino-Camelia, G.
name: Ellis, J.
name: Mavromatos, N. E.
name: Nanopoulos, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a Liouville approach to non-critical string theory, we discuss space-time foam effects on the propagation of low-energy particles. We find an induced frequency-dependent dispersion in the propagation of a wave packet, and observe that this would affect the outcome of measurements involving low-energy particles as probes. In particular, the maximum possible order of magnitude of the space-time foam effects would give rise to an error in the measurement of distance comparable to that independently obtained in some recent heuristic quantum-gravity analyses. We also briefly compare these error estimates with the precision of astrophysical measurements.
description: 20 pages, LaTex
MOESM1 of Characteristics of Brazilian melanomas: real-world results before and after the introduction of new therapies
Creators: name: Costa, Letícia
name: Crovador, Camila
name: Carvalho, Carlos
name: Vazquez, Vinicius
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Demographical, histological and clinical characteristics of 1848 melanoma patients. Table S2. Treatment characteristics of 1848 melanoma Patients. Table S3. Melanoma-specific survival (DSS) according to demographic, clinical and histological characteristics. Table S4. Melanoma-specific survival (DSS) according to clinical stage, recurrence status and therapy. Table S5. Tumour thickness in patients submitted to sentinel node biopsy.
Huperzia ophioglossoides Rothm.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiales
Lycopodiaceae
Huperzia
Huperzia ophioglossoides

description: Huperzia ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm.  —
Habit: Lycophyte.
Habitat: LMWF; 1 500–3 300 m. Distribution: II.
 Voucher: Kamweti Forest, Alt. 2 100 m, 22 Aug. 1988, Beentje 3875 (EA).
References: Verdcourt (2005a), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
The redshifted 21-cm signal in the EDGES low-band spectrum
Creators: name: Singh, Saurabh
name: Subrahmanyan, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EDGES collaboration reported the finding of an unexpectedly deep absorption in the radio background at 78 MHz and interpreted the dip as a first detection of redshifted 21-cm from Cosmic Dawn. We have attempted an alternate analysis, adopting a maximally smooth function approach to model the foreground. A joint fit to the spectrum using such a function together with a flattened absorption profile yields a best fit absorption amplitude of $921 \pm 35$ mK. The depth of the 21-cm absorption inferred by the EDGES analysis required invoking non-standard cosmology or new physics or new sources at Cosmic Dawn and this tension with accepted models is compounded by our analysis that suggests absorption of greater depth. Alternatively, the measured spectrum may be equally-well fit assuming that there exists a residual unmodeled systematic sinusoidal feature and we explore this possibility further by examining for any additional 21-cm signal. The data then favors an absorption with Gaussian model parameters of amplitude $133 \pm 60$ mK, best width at half-power $9 \pm 3$ MHz and center frequency $72.5 \pm 0.8$ MHz. We also examine the consistency of the measured spectrum with plausible redshifted 21-cm models: a set of 3 of the 265 profiles in the global 21-cm atlas of Cohen et al. 2017 are favored by the spectrum. We conclude that the EDGES data may be consistent with standard cosmology and astrophysics, without invoking excess radio backgrounds or baryon-dark matter interactions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Reconstruction of forested ecosystems on rock disposal sites at Mount Polley Mine
Creators: name: Meister, Ronald
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Mount Polley Mining Corporation, operated by Imperial Metals Ltd, is located in the Fraser Plateau physiographic region in central British Columbia, approximately 56 km northeast of Williams Lake and 8 km southwest of Likely. The mining method employed is open-pit mining of a gold/copper porphyry deposit. Reclamation research has been conducted since 1998 to develop innovative techniques for restoring sustainable forest ecosystems and critical wildlife habitat. In 1998 and 1999, a total of 12 treatments in triplicate were established on top of the 1,170 m dump. In 2000, an additional 12 treatments were established on the side slope of this dump. The treatments were established to evaluate the following variables, parameters and components: depth of topsoil required to meet reclamation objectives; suitability of tailings and biosolids as a growth medium; selection of tree species for reclamation objectives; interaction of vegetation competition with tree survival and growth; extent of metal uptake by vegetation; and vegetation relationships to various soil amendments. The trials were measured in 2006, and detailed statistics were generated. The analysis indicates the following: a minimum of 15 cm of soil is required to established trees; there is a significant positive response to tree growth to a soil depth of 40 cm, and thereafter no significance in growth is seen with increasing soil depth; 40 cm of soil amendments is currently meeting tree growth objectives; there is a positive response in tree and vegetation growth to biosolids amendments on the 1998 and 1999 trial, but no response in seen on the 2000 trial; tree mortality is significantly higher (α=0.05) with biosolids amendments for all trials (ammonia toxicity to the young seedlings is suspected); vegetation competition is also a significant negative factor in seedling survival and growth (vegetation growth is directly related to available soil nutrient supply); and vegetation cover and diversity increased with increase in soil amendment depth or addition of biosolids. This paper presents the 8-to-9-year results of vegetative growth of this trial, examines the effects of combinations of variables and proposes further investigation to more specifically describe the causes of the results observed.
Huperzia verticillata (L. f.) Trevis.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiales
Lycopodiaceae
Huperzia
Huperzia verticillata

description: Huperzia verticillata (L.f.) Trevis.  —
Habit: Lycophyte.
Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 300 m. Distribution: I.
Voucher: N/A.
Reference: Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Vertex Operators and Solitons of Constrained KP Hierarchies
Creators: name: Aratyn, H.
name: Ferreira, L. A.
name: Gomes, J. F.
name: Zimerman, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the vertex operator representation for the Affine Kac-Moody $SL(M+K+1)$ algebra, which is relevant for the construction of the soliton solutions of the constrained KP hierarchies. The oscillators involved in the vertex operator construction are provided by the Heisenberg subalgebras of $SL(M+K+1)$ realized in the unconventional gradations. The well-known limiting cases are the homogeneous Heisenberg subalgebra of $SL(M+1)$ and the principal Heisenberg subalgebra of ${\hat{sl}}(K+1)$. The explicit example of $M=K=1$ is discussed in detail and the corresponding soliton solutions and tau-functions are given.
description: 13 pages, needs lamuphys.tex and lamuphys.sty, talk presented at the 1997 UIC Workshop on Supersymmetry and Integrable Models, Chicago, USA, June/97. To be published in Lecture Notes in Physics, Springer-Verlag
The interplay of KRAS mutational status with tumor laterality in non‐metastatic colorectal cancer: An international, multi‐institutional study in patients with known KRAS, BRAF, and MSI status
Creators: name: Kamphues, Carsten
name: Kadowaki, Shigenori
name: Amini, Neda
name: Berg, Inge Van Den
name: Wang, Jaeyun
name: Andreatos, Nikolaos
name: Sakamoto, Yuki
name: Ogura, Toshiro
name: Kakuta, Miho
name: Pikouli, Anastasia
name: Geka, Despoina
name: Daitoku, Nobuya
name: Theochari, Maria
name: Buettner, Stefan
name: Akiyama, Takahiko
name: Antoniou, Efstathios
name: Pikoulis, Emmanouil
name: Theodoropoulos, George
name: Imai, Katsunori
name: Ijzermans, Jan N. M.
name: Margonis, Georgios A.
name: Akagi, Kiwamu
name: Kreis, Martin E.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: colorectal cancer
subject: laterality
subject: metastases
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Although the prognostic relevance of KRAS status in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on tumor laterality, this relationship is largely unknown in non-metastatic CRC. Methods: Patients who underwent resection for non-metastatic CRC between 2000 and 2018 were identified from institutional databases at six academic tertiary centers in Europe and Japan. The prognostic relevance of KRAS status in patients with right-sided (RS), left-sided (LS), and rectal cancers was assessed. Results: Of the 1093 eligible patients, 378 had right-sided tumors and 715 had left-sided tumors. Among patients with RS tumors, the 5-year overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) for patients with KRASmut versus wild-type tumors was not shown to differ significantly (82.2% vs. 83.2% and 72.1% vs. 76.7%, respectively, all p > .05). Among those with LS tumors, KRAS mutation was associated with shorter 5-year OS and RFS on both the univariable (OS: 79.4% vs. 86.1%, p = .004; RFS: 68.8% vs. 77.3%, p = .005) and multivariable analysis (OS: HR: 1.52, p = .019; RFS: HR: 1.32, p = .05). Conclusions: KRAS mutation status was independently prognostic among patients with LS tumors, but this association failed to reach statistical significance in RS and rectal tumors. These findings confirm reports in metastatic CRC and underline the possible biologic importance of tumor location.
On the Columnar Approach to Higher-Order Vagueness
Creators: Nader, Karim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Vagueness (Philosophy)

description: Our standard conception of vagueness leads to paradoxical consequences. By defining borderline cases of vague predicates as occupying their own class, we are led to a hierarchical model of higher-order vagueness. But by considering vagueness to be epistemic, borderline cases become borderline so. Our view of higher-order vagueness becomes columnar, solving the paradoxes that the hierarchical model leads to. Susan Bobzien presents and defends the columnar approach to higher-order vagueness. By considering borderline clear cases and clear borderline cases, I will argue that it is indeed more suitable than our standard conception of vagueness.
On the Concept of Power
Creators: Parietti, Guido
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Power (Social sciences)

description: This dissertation provides a definition of “power”, and examines the implication of said definition for the study of politics. The exam of extant debates, from Dahl to Lukes and Morriss, shows that a proper definition of power is still to be had; those so far proposed are either circular and/or so detached from the concept’s meaning in ordinary language that they cease to be about power. Re-connecting power to its meaning in natural languages is the necessary premise to any study of politics, be it empirical, theoretical, or normative: without the concept of power, we could not conceive of politics as a specific domain, either to be scientifically inquired or acted into. To formulate a viable definition, we have to recognize that “power” is not a “thing” or phenomenon, but rather refers to a state, or a modality, within which persons may be situated. Power is a modal concept, and the relevant modality, or category, is that of possibility. More specifically, “power” denotes the status, or condition, of having possibilities available and representing them as such. If and only if both conditions are present, then power can meaningfully be attributed. The implications of this definition are far reaching, as they show how, by adopting perspectives that variously eschew the category of possibility, significant portions of political science and political philosophy are, by their own design, incapable of properly conceptualizing power, and therefore politics. The main problem with political science is the attempt to methodologically reduce politics to causal and probabilistic regularities, which entails the disappearance of possibility in favor of necessity. Political philosophy, on the other hand, tends to prioritize various forms of a teleologically oriented normativity, which results in discarding possibility in favor of necessity, again losing sight of politics.
A general framework to study the extremal phase transition of black holes
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Krishnakanta
name: Dey, Sumit
name: Majhi, Bibhas Ranjan
name: Samanta, Saurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the universality of some features for the extremal phase transition of black holes and unify all the approaches which have been applied in different spacetimes. Unlike the other existing approaches where the information of the spacetime and its dimension is directly used to get various results, we provide a general formulation in which those results are obtained for any arbitrary black hole spacetime having an extremal limit. Calculating the second order moments of fluctuations of some thermodynamic quantities we show that, the phase transition occurs only in the microcanonical ensemble. Without considering any specific black hole we calculate the values of critical exponents for this type of phase transition. These are shown to be in agreement with the values obtained earlier for metric specified cases. Finally we extend our analysis to the geometrothermodynamics (henceforth GTD) formulation. We show that for any black hole, if there is an extremal point, the Ricci scalar for the Ruppeiner metric must diverge at that point.
description: 24 Pages, No figure, New comments added, To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Operational resolutions and state transitions in a categorical setting
Creators: name: Coecke, Bob
name: Stubbe, Isar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a category with as objects operational resolutions and with as morphisms - not necessarily deterministic - state transitions. We study connections with closure spaces and join-complete lattices and sketch physical applications related to evolution and compoundness. An appendix with preliminaries on quantaloids is included.
description: 21 pages
Lycopodiella cernua Pic. Serm.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiales
Lycopodiaceae
Lycopodiella
Lycopodiella cernua

description: Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm.  —
Habit: Lycophyte.
Habitat: LMWF; up to 2 700 m. Distribution: I.
 Voucher: Chogoria Forest, Alt. 2 360 m, 17 Aug. 2013, SAJIT 001335 (HIB).
 References: Fries et al. (1924b), Bussmann (1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Polarization catastrophe in the polaronic Wigner crystal
Creators: name: Fratini, S.
name: Quemerais, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a three dimensional Wigner crystal of electrons lying in a host ionic dielectric. Owing to their interaction with the lattice polarization, each localized electron forms a polaron. We study the collective excitations of such a polaronic Wigner crystal at zero temperature, taking into account the quantum fluctuations of the polarization within the Feynman harmonic approximation. We show that, contrary to the ordinary electron crystal, the system undergoes a polarization catastrophe when the density is increased. An optical signature of this instability is derived, whose trend agrees with the experiments carried out in Nd-based cuprates.
On the Complexity of Market Equilibria and Revenue Maximization
Creators: Paparas, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics, Mathematical
Revenue
Mathematical optimization
Equilibrium (Economics)
Computer science
Economics

description: This thesis consists of two parts. In the first part, we concentrate on the computation of Market Equilibria and settle the long-standing open problem regarding the computation of an approximate Arrow-Debreu market equilibrium in markets with CES utilities. We prove that the problem is PPAD-complete when the Constant Elasticity of Substitution parameter $\rho$ is any constant less than -1. Building on this result, we introduce the notion of non-monotone utilities, which covers a wide variety of utility functions in economic theory, and prove that it is PPAD-hard to compute an approximate Arrow-Debreu market equilibrium in markets with linear and non-monotone utilities.
      In the second part, we study Revenue Maximization. We begin by resolving the complexity of the revenue-optimal Bayesian Unit-demand Item Pricing problem when the buyer's values for the items are independent. We show that the problem can be solved in polynomial time for distributions of support size 2; but its decision version is NP-complete for distributions of support size 3. Next, we study the optimal mechanism design problem for a single unit-demand buyer with item values drawn from independent distributions. We show that, for distributions of support-size 2 and the same high value, Item Pricing can achieve the same revenue as any menu of lotteries. On the other hand, we provide simple examples where randomization improves revenue. Finally, we show that unless the polynomial-time hierarchy collapses, namely P^{NP}=P^{#P}, there is  no universal efficient randomized algorithm that implements an optimal mechanism even when distributions have support size 3.
The Chronic Urticaria Registry: rationale, methods and initial implementation
Creators: name: Weller, Karsten
name: Giménez‐Arnau, Ana
name: Grattan, Clive
name: Asero, Riccardo
name: Mathelier‐Fusade, Pascale
name: Bizjak, Mojca
name: Hanna, Michael
name: Maurer, Marcus
name: CURE Investigators
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chronic Disease
subject: Chronic Urticaria
subject: Prospective Studies
subject: Urticaria
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Chronic urticaria (CU) is a common disease, characterized by the recurrent appearance of wheals, angioedema or both for more than 6 weeks. Its underlying biology is not well understood, and many patients do not obtain sufficient relief from recommended treatments. Patient registries are rapidly growing as a form of research, because they can provide powerful, data-driven insights about the epidemiology of diseases, real-world effectiveness of treatments, rare patient types, safety monitoring, healthcare costs and opportunities for quality improvement of healthcare delivery. Objectives: The Chronic Urticaria Registry (CURE) has been designed to improve the scientific understanding, clinical treatment and healthcare planning of CU patients. This report describes the rationale, methods and initial implementation of this registry. Methods: Chronic Urticaria Registry is an ongoing, prospective, international, multicentre, observational, voluntary registry of patients with CU. Participation in CURE is open to any physician treating CU patients, regardless of location, medical specialty or type of practice setting. CURE aims to collect data on all CU patients, with no intentional selection or exclusion criteria. It collects baseline and follow-up data on the patient's demographics, history, symptoms, trigger and risk factors, therapies and healthcare utilization. Results: Chronic Urticaria Registry is a landmark achievement of the global urticaria medical community. As of 26 February 2020, 39 centres around the world have joined the registry and 35 have entered baseline data on a total of 2946 patients. Publications of this data will be forthcoming soon. Conclusions: Chronic Urticaria Registry is eagerly seeking the participation of more physicians and the support of more governmental, charitable and commercial sponsors from around the world. Here, in this paper, we invite other physicians to join this unique project to improve the lives of patients with CU.
Data Protection for Persons with Disabilities: Gaps, Challenges, and the Way Forward
Creators: name: Centre for Development Policy and Practrice
name: Digital Empowerment Foundation
name: Broadband India Forum
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: In the digital age, personal data is increasingly collected and processed, raising significant concerns about privacy, consent, and data security. India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act (DPDPA) of 2023 marks a critical step in safeguarding digital privacy. However, challenges persist, particularly for persons with disabilities (PwDs). The DPDPA mandates verifiable consent for processing the data of PwDs, requiring approval from a legal guardian. This provision, however, oversimplifies guardianship,treating all PwDs as incapable of decision-making, which undermines their autonomy. 

Furthermore, the Act lacks specific provisions for digital accessibility, such as screen-reader compatibility or sign language options, which are essential for PwDs to provide informed consent independently. The treatment of PwDs alongside children in the Act also reflects a paternalistic approach, ignoring the heterogeneity within disabilities and the varying capacity of PwDs to make informed decisions. This not only undermines their autonomy but also contradicts India’s commitments under the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), both of which emphasize independent decision-making and equal access to digital services. 

To address these gaps, experts recommend separating PwDs from children in consent provisions, recognizing individual decision-making capabilities, and expanding the definition of disability to include temporary disabilities. These reforms would better align with international standards, ensuring that PwDs can engage in the digital economy with dignity, autonomy, and equal access.
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Saxifragales
Crassulaceae
Lycopodium
Lycopodium clavatum

description: Lycopodium clavatum L.  —
Habit:Lycophyte.
Habitat:LMWF,LMDF,BZ, UMF, HZ; 1 500–3 200m.Distribution: I.
 Voucher: Near Meru, Mount Kenya Lodge, Alt. 2 972 m, 21 Jul. 2014, SAJIT 002006 (HIB).
 References: Fries et al. (1924b), Schelpe (1951), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Bussmann & Beck (1995a), Verdcourt (2005a), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
The gravitational and electroweak interactions unified as a gauge theory of the De Sitter group
Creators: name: Batakis, Nikolaos A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complexified gauging of the de Sitter group gives a unified theory for the electroweak and gravitational interactions. The standard spectrum for the electroweak gauge bosons is recovered with the correct mass assignments, following a spontaneous breaking of the gauge symmetry imposed by the geometry. There is no conventional Higgs sector. New physics is predicted with gravity-induced electroweak processes (at the electroweak and at an intermediate scale of about $10^{10}Gev$) as well as with novel-type of effects (such as gravitational Aharonov-Bohm and violations of the Principle of equivalence to 1 part in $10^{17}$). The new theoretical perspectives emerging from this geometric unification are briefly discussed.
description: Revision, based on the preliminary version in Physics Letters B, contains calculational details and novel findings. Latex, 17 pages, no figures
Coset approach to the N=2 supersymmetric matrix GNLS hierarchies
Creators: name: Bonora, L.
name: Krivonos, S.
name: Sorin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a large class of coset constructions of the N=2 sl(n|n-1) affine superalgebra. We select admissible subalgebras, i.e. subalgebras that induce linear chiral/antichiral constraints on the coset supercurrents. We show that all the corresponding coset constructions lead to N=2 matrix GNLS hierarchies. We develop an algorithm to compute the relative Hamiltonians and flows. We spell out completely the case of the N=2 affine sl(3|2), which possesses four admissible subalgebras. The non-local second Hamiltonian structure of the N=2 matrix GNLS hierarchies is obtained via Dirac procedure from the local N=2 sl(n|n-1) affine superalgebra. We observe that to any second Hamiltonian structure with pure bosonic or pure fermionic superfield content there correspond two different N=2 matrix GNLS hierarchies.
description: 13 pages, Latex, a few misprints have been corrected
Additional file 1 of Altered retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with allergic conjunctivitis: the Nanjing eye study
Creators: name: Chen, Danni
name: Li, Rui
name: Huang, Dan
name: Tong, Haohai
name: Zhao, Xiaoyan
name: Yan, Wen
name: Shen, Shiya
name: Liu, Hu
name: Zhu, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire; The English version of the questionnaire used in this study.
On the Construction of Minimax Optimal Nonparametric Tests with Kernel Embedding Methods
Creators: Li, Tong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Gaussian processes
subject: Nonparametric statistics

description: Kernel embedding methods have witnessed a great deal of practical success in the area of nonparametric hypothesis testing in recent years. But ever since its first proposal, there exists an inevitable problem that researchers in this area have been trying to answer--what kernel should be selected, because the performance of the associated nonparametric tests can vary dramatically with different kernels. While the way of kernel selection is usually ad hoc, we wonder if there exists a principled way of kernel selection so as to ensure that the associated nonparametric tests have good performance. As consistency results against fixed alternatives do not tell the full story about the power of the associated tests, we study their statistical performance within the minimax framework. First, focusing on the case of goodness-of-fit tests, our analyses show that a vanilla version of the kernel embedding based test could be suboptimal, and suggest a simple remedy by moderating the kernel. We prove that the moderated approach provides optimal tests for a wide range of deviations from the null and can also be made adaptive over a large collection of interpolation spaces. Then, we study the asymptotic properties of goodness-of-fit, homogeneity and independence tests using Gaussian kernels, arguably the most popular and successful among such tests. Our results provide theoretical justifications for this common practice by showing that tests using a Gaussian kernel with an appropriately chosen scaling parameter are minimax optimal against smooth alternatives in all three settings. In addition, our analysis also pinpoints the importance of choosing a diverging scaling parameter when using Gaussian kernels and suggests a data-driven choice of the scaling parameter that yields tests optimal, up to an iterated logarithmic factor, over a wide range of smooth alternatives. Numerical experiments are presented to further demonstrate the practical merits of our methodology.
On the Crossroads of Science, Philosophy and Literature: Andrey Bely's "Petersburg"
Creators: Kosakowska, Elizabeth Irene
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Literature
History

description: The radical developments in science at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries greatly influenced the general perception of the universe, contemporary discussion of the cultural crisis, and Modernist literature in Russia and the West. My work examines the importance of those groundbreaking scientific discoveries to Andrey Bely's Modernist novel, Petersburg, which reflects both his thorough knowledge of science and his desire to find a solution to the cultural crisis of his era. I discuss his novel in the view of his geometrical model of universal and human evolution, which he described in two lesser known essays written in 1912: "The Line, the Circle, the Spiral--of Symbolism" and "Circular Movement." Taking these essays as my point of departure, I examine Petersburg's scientific imagery, namely thermodynamics, psychology, and astronomy, in order to demonstrate the scientific basis of Bely's vision of the universe and his presentation of it in his novel. I also give special consideration to the schools of thought that shaped Bely's view of universal and human development. My analysis of Bely's interest in the philosophy of Schopenhauer, Solovyov, Nietzsche, and Steiner suggests that Bely's creative fusion of elements of those philosophical ideas led to the formulation of his own unique vision of the universe. I view ambiguity and uncertainty as the main feature of this vision and argue that they characterize the Modernist, dynamic view of the universe. By analyzing Bely's major novel from a scientific point of view, which has been heretofore neglected by scholars, I hope to uncover a new layer of meaning in Petersburg. I believe that this approach will prove fruitful as a means of illuminating not only Bely's Petersburg, but also all of his artistic oeuvre.
On the Detection and Characterization of Exomoons Through Survey and Targeted Observations
Creators: Teachey, Alexander Macaulay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Astronomy
Satellites
Solar system
Light curves

description: Exomoons remain amongst the most elusive targets in observational astronomy. Nevertheless, these worlds stand to provide an unprecedented window into the formation and evolution of planetary systems. If the Solar System is any guide, we can expect exomoons will be geologically active and diverse, with the potential for hosting volatiles, atmospheres, and even life. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the population and occurrence rates of exomoons will help to place our own Solar System in a galactic context, speaking to the commonality of our own history. And though there are a variety of known pathways for moon formation, the discovery of exomoons may yet reveal heretofore unanticipated system architectures and defy easy explanation, thereby enriching our theoretical understanding of system formation. In this Dissertation I present a population study of exomoons in the Kepler data, finding an apparent dearth of Galilean-analog satellites orbiting planets between 0.1 and 1 AU. I then present evidence for a large exomoon orbiting Kepler-1625b -- potentially the first ever discovery of a transiting exomoon -- as suggested by a joint analysis of Kepler and Hubble Space Telescope data. The following chapter further investigates a number of alternative hypotheses relating to the candidate moon, though the conclusion that an exomoon best explains the data in hand remains unchanged. Finally, I present the results of an effort to identify candidate exomoon signals in the Kepler data by developing a convolutional neural network trained on O(10⁵) Kepler light curves injected with simulated planet and moon transit signals. The most promising exomoon candidates identified by the neural network are examined in detail, undergoing a full photodynamical model fit and Bayesian model selection. I conclude by discussing the outlook for the moon search, highlighting strategies for future work and myriad unanswered questions that should be pursued in the coming years.
Calogero-Moser Models III: Elliptic Potentials and Twisting
Creators: name: Bordner, A. J.
name: Sasaki, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal Lax pairs of the root type with spectral parameter and independent coupling constants for twisted non-simply laced Calogero-Moser models are constructed. Together with the Lax pairs for the simply laced models and untwisted non-simply laced models presented in two previous papers, this completes the derivation of universal Lax pairs for all of the Calogero-Moser models based on root systems. As for the twisted models based on B_n, C_n and BC_nroot systems, a new type of potential term with independent coupling constants can be added without destroying integrability. They are called extended twisted models. All of the Lax pairs for the twisted models presented here are new, except for the one for the F_4 model based on the short roots. The Lax pairs for the twisted G_2 model have some novel features. Derivation of various functions, twisted and untwisted, appearing in the Lax pairs for elliptic potentials with the spectral parameter is provided. The origin of the spectral parameter is also naturally explained. The Lax pairs with spectral parameter, twisted and untwisted, for the hyperbolic, the trigonometric and the rational potential models are obtained as degenerate limits of those for the elliptic potential models.
description: LaTeX2e with amsfonts.sty, 36 pages, no figures
Confinement from Correlated Instanton-Dyon Ensemble in SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory
Creators: name: Lopez-Ruiz, Miguel Angel
name: Jiang, Yin
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the confinement phase transition in $SU(2)$ Yang-Mills theory, based on a statistical ensemble model of correlated instanton-dyons. We show for the first time that such a model provides a quantitative description, in light of the lattice data, for the temperature dependence of the order parameter. We characterize the short-range interaction which plays a crucial role for the properties of such ensemble. The chromo-magnetic charge density as well as the spatial correlations is found to be consistent with known lattice and phenomenological information.
On the Distinctiveness of the Russian Novel: The Brothers Karamazov and the English Tradition
Creators: Lieber, Emma K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Slavic literature
Comparative literature
British literature
Irish literature

description: This dissertation takes as its starting point Leo Tolstoy's famous contention that the works of the Russian literary canon represent "deviation[s] from European forms."  It is envisioned as a response to (or an elaboration upon) critical works that address the unique rise, formation, and poetics of the Russian novel, many of which are themselves responses (or Russian corollaries) to Ian Watt's study of the rise of the novel in England; and it functions similarly under the assumption that the singularity of the Russian novel is a product of various idiosyncrasies in the Russian cultural milieu.  The project is structured as a comparative examination of two pairs of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century novels from Russia and England, and as such it approaches the question of the Russian novel's distinctiveness in the form of a literary experiment.  By engaging in close readings of Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders (1722) alongside Mikhail Chulkov's The Comely Cook (Prigozhaia povarikha, 1770), and Charles Dickens's Bleak House (1853) alongside Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov (1880), concentrating particularly on matters of formal design, corporeal integrity and vulnerability, and communal harmony and discord--and by understanding the English texts as a "control group" for an examination of the Russian deviation--it attempts to identify some of the distinctive features of the Russian realist novel.  The largest portion of the dissertation is dedicated to The Brothers Karamazov, which I take as an emblematic work in a literary canon that is distinguished by intimations that healing and recovery--as well as the coexistence of both personal freedom and communal rapport--are possible in the real world and in realist narrative.
Diffusive Thermal Dynamics for the Ising Ferromagnet
Creators: name: Buonsante, P.
name: Burioni, R.
name: Cassi, D.
name: Vezzani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a thermal dynamics for the Ising ferromagnet where the energy variations occurring within the system exhibit a diffusive character typical of thermalizing agents such as e.g. localized excitations. Time evolution is provided by a walker hopping across the sites of the underlying lattice according to local probabilities depending on the usual Boltzmann weight at a given temperature. Despite the canonical hopping probabilities the walker drives the system to a stationary state which is not reducible to the canonical equilibrium state in a trivial way. The system still exhibits a magnetic phase transition occurring at a finite value of the temperature larger than the canonical one. The dependence of the model on the density of walkers realizing the dynamics is also discussed. Interestingly the differences between the stationary state and the Boltzmann equilibrium state decrease with increasing number of walkers.
description: 9 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication on PRE
The Interplay of Electrostatics and Chemical Positioning in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in TEM β-Lactamases
Creators: name: Schneider, Samuel H.
name: Kozuch, Jacek
name: Boxer, Steven G.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Electric fields
subject: Anions
subject: Peptides and proteins
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The interplay of enzyme active site electrostatics and chemical positioning is important for understanding the origin(s) of enzyme catalysis and the design of novel catalysts. We reconstruct the evolutionary trajectory of TEM-1 β-lactamase to TEM-52 toward extended-spectrum activity to better understand the emergence of antibiotic resistance and to provide insights into the structure–function paradigm and noncovalent interactions involved in catalysis. Utilizing a detailed kinetic analysis and the vibrational Stark effect, we quantify the changes in rates and electric fields in the Michaelis and acyl-enzyme complexes for penicillin G and cefotaxime to ascertain the evolutionary role of electric fields to modulate function. These data are combined with MD simulations to interpret and quantify the substrate-dependent structural changes during evolution. We observe that this evolutionary trajectory utilizes a large preorganized electric field and substrate-dependent chemical positioning to facilitate catalysis. This governs the evolvability, substrate promiscuity, and protein fitness landscape in TEM β-lactamase antibiotic resistance.
On the Electronic Structure and Thermodynamics of Alloys
Creators: Sigli, Christophe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Alloys
Thermodynamic equilibrium
Phase rule and equilibrium
Materials science
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

description: A free energy formalism is developed in order to describe phase equilibria in binary alloys. The proposed phenomenological approach uses a limited number of experimental data to provide a global thermodynamic description of a system including its equilibrium and metastable phase diagrams. Emphasis is placed on the description of short range order by means of the cluster variation method. A microscopic theory is also developed in order to predict the enthalpies of formation of transition metal alloys as well as the short range order dependence of these enthalpies. The theory uses a tight-binding Hamiltonian together with the generalized perturbation method. 0ff~diagonal disorder is taken into account, and charge transfer is treated self consistently in the random alloy. All input parameters to the theory are obtained from ab-initio calculations for the pure elements. In this regard, the model can be considered parameter free. The phenomenological approach has been used to analyzed the Al-Ni, Ni~Cr, and Al~Li systems. It is found that the vibrational entropy of‘ formation plays an important role in the thermodynamics of the Al-Li and Ni-Cr alloys. The approach allows an accurate description of stable and metastable order-disorder or order-order equilibria existing in the Ni-Al or AL~Li systems. The model is used to predict a metastable clustering tendency in Al-Li alloys which appears to have been recently confirmed by experiment. The microscopic theory has been applied to the VB-VIE and IVB-VIIIB (Ni, Pt, Pd) alloys. The calculations are in good agreement with the available experimental data and phase diagram information. It is shown that off-diagonal disorder and electronic self-consistency play a crucial role in the accuracy of the results.
Phlegmariurus saururus B. Ollg.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Lycopodiopsida
Lycopodiales
Lycopodiaceae
Phlegmariurus
Phlegmariurus saururus

description: Phlegmariurus saururus (Lam.) B.Øllg.  —
Habit: Lycophyte.
Habitat: BZ, UMF, HZ, AZ, NZ; 2 500–4 600 m. Distribution: I.
 Voucher: Naro Moru Track, 19 Jun. 2010, Kamau 495 (EA, BM).
 References: Fries et al. (1924b), Schelpe (1951), Rehder et al. (1981), Young & Peacock (1985), Bussmann (1993, 1994), Verdcourt (2005a), Abdi (2013), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464