cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Modelling a multi-spacecraft coronal mass ejection encounter with EUHFORIA
Creators: name: Asvestari, E.
name: Pomoell, J.
name: Kilpua, E.
name: Good, S.
name: Chatzistergos, T.
name: Temmer, M.
name: Palmerio, E.
name: Poedts, S.
name: Magdalenic, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are a manifestation of the Sun's eruptive nature. They can have a great impact on Earth, but also on human activity in space and on the ground. Therefore, modelling their evolution as they propagate through interplanetary space is essential. EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) is a data-driven, physics-based model, tracing the evolution of CMEs through background solar wind conditions. It employs a spheromak flux rope, which provides it with the advantage of reconstructing the internal magnetic field configuration of CMEs. This is something that is not included in the simpler cone CME model used so far for space weather forecasting. This work aims at assessing the spheromak CME model included in EUHFORIA. We employed the spheromak CME model to reconstruct a well observed CME and compare model output to in situ observations. We focus on an eruption from 6 January 2013 encountered by two radially aligned spacecraft, Venus Express and STEREO-A. We first analysed the observed properties of the source of this CME eruption and we extracted the CME properties as it lifted off from the Sun. Using this information, we set up EUHFORIA runs to model the event. The model predicts arrival times from half to a full day ahead of the in situ observed ones, but within errors established from similar studies. In the modelling domain, the CME appears to be propagating primarily southward, which is in accordance with white-light images of the CME eruption close to the Sun. In order to get the observed magnetic field topology, we aimed at selecting a spheromak rotation angle for which the axis of symmetry of the spheromak is perpendicular to the direction of the polarity inversion line (PIL). The modelled magnetic field profiles, their amplitude, arrival times, and sheath region length are all affected by the choice of radius of the modelled spheromak.
-Barriers- and-Drivers-of-Solar-Prosumage-Report-.pdf
Creators: name: Saleh, Naila
name: , Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90608 Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Pakistan issued net metering regulations in 2015. Contrary to the anticipation of engaging large scale prosumers, its growth has been progressing at snail’s pace. Not only the number of licenses issued for distributed generation up till now are remarkably low but also there exist strong divergence between the distribution of licenses issued across the 11 distribution companies (DISCO’s). Following this insignificant growth and geographic uneven distribution, it was decided to launch an in-depth study, focusing on the challenges and opportunities surrounding Distributed Generation (DG) in Pakistan. For primary data collection three primary stakeholders were selected (a) Prosumers (those who have already engaged in solar PV self-consumption under net-metering regulations; (b) Non-Prosumers (those end-users who have still not engaged); (c) The electricity Distribution companies—who are the primary intermediaries in implementing the net-metering regulations and facilitating distributed generation uptake. In addition several interactive sessions were conducted with relevant organizations and public authorities and . This includes GIZ-Pak, National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA), Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB), and Ministry of Energy (Power Wing). The project overall gathered some very interesting findings especially on challenges surrounding distributed generation growth. This includes: Cumbersome application process; serious financial barriers, inertia at the end of DISCOs; low trust in technology; absence of awareness programs; as well as absence of fee-of service models. Based on gained insights, the study proposes an intervention framework.
First-Principles Studies on Zn Doping in Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 During Chemical Bath Deposition of ZnS Buffer Layer
Creators: name: Maeda, T.
name: Wada, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2790-2793
description: To quantitatively evaluate the substitution energies of a Zn atom for a Cu or Sn atom in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Cu2ZnSnSe4
(CZTSe) indium-free photovoltaic semiconductors, first-principles pseudopotential calculations using plane-wave basis
functions are performed. The results are compared with Cd doping in CZTS and CZTSe, and Cd or Zn doping in CuInSe2 (CIS).
For Zn doping in CZTS and CZTSe, the substitution energies of n-type ZnCu in CZTS and CZTSe are smaller than those of the
p-type ZnSn in CZTS and CZTSe, respectively. The substitution energies of ZnCu in CZTS and CZTSe are much smaller than
that of ZnCu in CIS, and the substitution energies of ZnCu in CZTS and CZTSe are also smaller than those of CdCu. The
formation energy of charge-neutral Zn doping with the Cu vacancy (ZnCu + VCu) (0.10 eV) in CZTS is smaller than that of ZnCu
(0.28 eV) without Cu vacancy. However, the formation energy of the (ZnCu+VCu) pair has a positive value and is considerably
greater than that of the (CdCu+VCu) pair (-0.32 eV) in CZTS. These results show that the n-type ZnCu is easily formed in CZTS
during chemical bath deposition (CBD) of the ZnS layer on the CZTS layer. The (ZnCu+VCu) pair is also easily formed.
However, the number of (ZnCu+VCu) pair formed during CBD of the ZnS layer on the CZTS layer is smaller than that of the
(CdCu+VCu) pair formed during the CBD of the CdS layer on the CZTS layer.
Five Years Demonstration Results of Floating PV Systems with Water Spray Cooling
Creators: name: Ueda, Y.
name: Kurokawa, K.
name: Konagai, M.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Terazawa, A.
name: Ayaki, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3926-3928
description: There are a lot of unused water surfaces such as of the hydroelectric dams and balancing reservoirs.
These surfaces of the water can be used for the PV system deployment. Floating PV systems are developed and
installed on the water surface of the “Aichi ike” balancing reservoir in Aichi, Japan in 2007. PV module cooling
system with intermittent water spray is installed in a part of the systems and performance is compared with the other
system which does not have cooling. As a result, water spray cooling is effective in lowering the module temperature,
but periodical cleaning is required. Detergent with citric acid is effective to clean the water stain on the PV module
surface. Floating PV systems have almost no damage after the five years deployment.
The Tidal Evolution of Local Group Dwarf Spheroidals
Creators: name: Penarrubia, Jorge
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: McConnachie, Alan W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We use N-body simulations to study the evolution of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) driven by galactic tides. We adopt a cosmologically-motivated model where dSphs are approximated by a King model embedded within an NFW halo. We find that these NFW-embedded King models are extraordinarily resilient to tides; the stellar density profile still resembles a King model even after losing more than 99% of the stars. As tides strip the galaxy, the stellar luminosity, velocity dispersion, central surface brightness, and core radius decrease monotonically. Remarkably, we find that the evolution of these parameters is solely controlled by the total amount of mass lost from within the luminous radius. Of all parameters, the core radius is the least affected: after losing 99% of the stars, R_c decreases by just a factor of ~2. Interestingly, tides tend to make dSphs more dark-matter dominated because the tightly bound central dark matter ``cusp'' is more resilient to disruption than the ``cored'' King profile. We examine whether the extremely large M/L ratios of the newly-discovered ultra-faint dSphs might have been caused by tidal stripping of once brighter systems. Although dSph tidal evolutionary tracks parallel the observed scaling relations in the luminosity-radius plane, they predict too steep a change in velocity dispersion compared with the observational estimates hitherto reported in the literature. The ultra-faint dwarfs are thus unlikely to be the tidal remnants of systems like Fornax, Draco, or Sagittarius. Despite spanning four decades in luminosity, dSphs appear to inhabit halos of comparable peak circular velocity, lending support to scenarios that envision dwarf spheroidals as able to form only in halos above a certain mass threshold.
description: 17 pages, 12 figs., accepted by ApJ
Dynamics of a spin qubit in an optical dipole trap
Creators: name: Gerasimov, L. V.
name: Yusupov, R. R.
name: Bobrov, I. B.
name: Shchepanovich, D.
name: Kovlakov, E. V.
name: Straupe, S. S.
name: Kulik, S. P.
name: Kupriyanov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical investigation of coherent dynamics of a spin qubit encoded in hyperfine sublevels of an alkali-metal atom in a far off-resonant optical dipole trap. The qubit is prepared in the "clock transition" utilizing the Zeeman states with zero projection of the spin angular momentum. We focus on various dephasing processes such as the residual motion of the atom, fluctuations of the trapping field and its incoherent scattering and their effects on the qubit dynamics. We implement the most general fully-quantum treatment of the atomic motion, so our results remain valid in the limit of close-to-ground-state cooling with low number of vibrational excitations. We support our results by comparison with an experiment showing reasonable correspondence with no fitting parameters.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Determination of Series Resistance of Multijunction Solar Cells by Using their Photoelectric Characteristic
Creators: name: Mintairov, M.A.
name: Evstropov, V.V.
name: Kalyuzhnyy, N.A.
name: Mintairov, S.A.
name: Rumyantsev, V.D.
name: Timoshina, N.K.
name: Shvarts, M.Z.
name: Lantratov, V.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 459-463
description: A new approach for the analysis of the IV curves of multijunction SC has been developed.
It allowed obtaining analytical expressions taking into account the photogenerated current mismatch(
disbalance) in the dierent subcells of such devices. It has been shown using these expressions that
the series resistance can be represented as linear one up to achieving the maximum of eciency () and
does not depend on the radiation intensity (photogenerated current Jg, sunlight concentration ratio X).
The resistive losses in a concentrator SC results in appearance of a maximum on the dependence of
the eciency on X. For the same reason, there is a maximum on the dependence of the operation voltage
on the photogenerated current characteristic (Vm(Jg)). Such a behavior of the characteristics is used for
determining the value of the series resistance Rs. It has been justied analytically that such a resistance
may be determined by the formula Rs = (E=Jg)=max, where E = AkT=q, A,Jg are the local values of
the ideality coecient and photogenerated current at the maximum  (or Vm).
It has been also justied that the value of Rs determined by this formula does not depend on the
spectral content of incident radiation, which is very useful for the express analysis. This has been experimentally
shown for the triplejunction InGaP/GaAs/Ge SC.
Low Bandgap Copolymers with (Alkylsulfanyl) Bithiophene Unit for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Creators: name: Morvillo, P.
name: Parenti, F.
name: Diana, R.
name: Bobeico, E.
name: Mucci, A.
name: Tassinari, F.
name: Schenetti, L.
name: Minarini, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Organic-based PV

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2907-2910
description: Polymer solar cells have evolved as a promising cost-effective alternative to silicon-based ones.
However, low efficiency of these plastic devices limits their feasibility for commercial use. The efficiencies of
polymer photovoltaic cells got a major boost with the introduction of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) configuration
consisting of an interpenetrating network of electron donor and acceptor materials. Recently, benzodithiophene based
polymers has been used as electron donors in polymer solar cells showing very promising properties such as an
increasing charge transport and a red shift of the absorption spectra. In this work the synthesis, the spectroscopic and
photovoltaic characterization of a copolymer based on (octylsulfanyl)bithiophene and benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene
units and a polymer based on (butylsulfanyl)bithiophene unit are reported. BHJ solar cells using these polymers as
donor materials blended with [70]PCBM as acceptor were prepared and investigated. The geometry of the device is:
glass/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/blend/Ca/Al. The electrical performances of the cells were compared in order to study the
influence of the benzodithiophene unit on the polymer backbone. The power conversion efficiency of the best
realized polymer solar cell is 2.3% under 100 mW/cm2 AM 1.5G illumination.
Infrared Reflecting Coverglasses for Multijunction Cells in a Terrestrial High-Concentrating Photovoltaic System
Creators: name: Micheli, L.
name: Sarmah, N.
name: Luo, X.
name: Reddy, K.S.
name: Mallick, T.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 266-270
description: Multijunction cells are composed of multiple layers of semiconductors, with different bandgaps.
Among them, GaInP/GaAs/Ge cells are the most popular ones, due to their high performances [1]. These cells have
higher efficiencies that silicon ones and should be really convenient in a concentrating photovoltaic plants. Photons
are absorbed by a layer if their energy is equal or higher to the semiconductor bandgap. Otherwise they are
transmitted to the lower semiconductor. All the photons with less energy than the lowest bandgap are converted into
waste heat. They represent about the 5% of the total solar spectrum [2]. Moreover, the Germanium layer usually
produces a higher current that the other subcells and even the excess current is converted into heat. Cooling is an
important task in designing CPV: the higher the concentration the higher the temperature. Thus, a passive cooling
effort can be obtained reducing the infrared radiation absorbed by the cell. An infrared reflecting layer placed on the
top of the cell encapsulation should achieve this goal. This solution should reduce the quote of low-energy photons
absorbed by the cell, decreasing both the sunlight directly converted into heat and the sunlight converted into excess
current by the Germanium layer. Infrared reflecting coverglasses have been successfully tested on space applications.
This research focuses on PMMA application for IR reflecting purposes in a terrestrial high CPV system.
title: ISIS spallation neutron targets - confirmation of Monte Carlo activity calculations by measurement
Creators: name: Findlay, D J S
name: Skoro, Goran
name: Burns, Gordon
Publisher: name: STFC
Year: 2020

description: Comparisons between measurements and calculations of activities of radionuclides in spent tantalum-clad tungsten targets from the ISIS Spallation Neutron Source are presented. Uncertainties in the measurements and the calculations are discussed. The overall conclusion is that radionuclide inventories calculated using the Monte Carlo codes MCNPX 2.70, HTAPE3X and CINDER-90 agree well with measurements.
Algebra of the symmetry operators of the Klein-Gordon-Fock equation for the case when groups of motions $G_3$ act transitively on null subsurfaces of spacetime
Creators: name: Obukhov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C10, 83C15, 83C20, 83C50

description: The algebras of the symmetry operators for the Hamilton-Jacobi and Klein-Gordon-Fock equations are found for a charged test particle moving in an external electromagnetic field in a spacetime manifold, on the isotropic (null) hypersurface of which a three-parameter groups of motions act transitively.on the isotropic (null) hypersurface of which a three-parameter groups of motions act transitively. We have found all admissible electromagnetic fields for which such algebras exist. We have proved that an admissible field does not deform the algebra of symmetry operators for the free Hamilton-Jacobi and Klein-Gordon-Fock equations. The results complete the classification of admissible electromagnetic fields in which the Hamilton-Jacobi and Klein-Gordon-Fock equations admit algebras of motion integrals that are isomorphic to the algebras of operators of $r$-parametric groups of motions of spacetime manifolds if $(r \leq 4)$.
description: 22 pages. Submitted to Symmetry
The effects of white noise on state complexity and evaluative importance
Creators: name: Lim, David Teck-Kai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The effects of cortical arousal on state complexity and evaluative importance were examined. Arousal was manipulated using two levels of white noise. In Study 1, a three-dimensional social domain was created using behavioral descriptions of eight fictitious people. In Study 2, subjects memorized these descriptions, and later, from memory, made similarity judgments among these eight targets while being exposed to either loud or soft white noise. The first hypothesis was that loud noise would effect an increase in the relative importance of the evaluation dimension. The second hypothesis was that this increased use of evaluation would be a result of a reduction in state complexity-evidenced by the other dimensions becoming less important. The results fully supported the first hypothesis and partially supported the second. There was also some support for the hypothesis that trait complex compared to trait simple individuals would be more affected by loud noise. However, the prediction that sensitizers would be more affected by the loud noise than repressors was not supported. The limitations of the second stud-y and new directions for research are discussed.
PGC 38025: A Star-forming Lenticular Galaxy With an Off-nuclear Star-forming Core
Creators: name: Chen, Zhengyi
name: Gu, Qiu-Sheng
name: García-Benito, Rubén
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
name: Ge, Xue
name: Xiao, Mengyuan
name: Yu, Xiaoling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lenticular galaxies (S0s) were considered mainly as passive evolved spirals due to environmental effects for a long time; however, most S0s in the field cannot fit into this common scenario. In this work, we study one special case, SDSS J120237.07+642235.3 (PGC 38025), a star-forming field S0 galaxy with an off-nuclear blue core. We present optical integral field spectroscopic (IFS) observation with the 3.5 meter telescope at Calar Alto (CAHA) Observatory, and high-resolution millimeter observation with the NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). We estimated the star formation rate (SFR = 0.446 $M_\odot yr^{-1}$) and gaseous metallicity (12 + log(O/H) = 8.42) for PGC 38025, which follows the star formation main sequence and stellar mass - metallicity relation. We found that the ionized gas and cold molecular gas in PGC 38025 show the same spatial distribution and kinematics, whilst rotating misaligned with stellar component. The off-nuclear blue core is locating at the same redshift as PGC 38025 and its optical spectrum suggest it is \rm H\,{\sc ii} region. We suggest that the star formation in PGC 38025 is triggered by a gas-rich minor merger, and the off-nuclear blue core might be a local star-formation happened during the accretion/merger process.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Excluded volume effects in polymer brushes at moderate chain stretching
Creators: name: Romeis, Dirk
name: Lang, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a strong stretching approximation for a polymer brush made of self-avoiding polymer chains. The density profile of the brush and the distribution of the end monomer positions in stretching direction are computed and compared with simulation data. We find that our approach leads to a clearly better approximation as compared to previous approaches based upon Gaussian elasticity at low grafting densities (moderate chain stretching), for which corrections due to finite extensibility can be ignored.
Membrane models of E. coli containing cyclic moieties in the aliphatic lipid chain
Creators: name: Pandit, Kunal
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: CHARMM
subject: cyclic lipid
subject: E. coli
subject: membrane
subject: molecular dynamics

description: Most molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bacterial membranes simplify the membrane by composing it of only 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE) or in some cases with1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG) as well. However, an important constituent of bacterial membranes are lipids with a cyclopropane ring in the acyl chain. We developed a complex membrane that reflects the diverse population of lipids within E. coli cytoplasmic membranes, including cyclic lipids. Differences between the deuterium order profile of cyclic and monounsaturated lipids are observed. Furthermore, inclusion of the ring decreases the surface density of the bilayer and produces a more rigid membrane as compared to POPE/POPG membranes. Additionally, the diverse acyl chain length creates a thinner bilayer which better matches the hydrophobic thickness of E. coli transmembrane proteins. We believe the complex membrane is more accurate and suggest the use of it in MD simulations rather than simple membranes.
Charge Transport and Inhomogeneity near the Charge Neutrality Point in Graphene
Creators: name: Cho, Sungjae
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic field-dependent longitudinal and Hall components of the resistivity rho_xx(H) and rho_xy(H) are measured in graphene on silicon dioxide substrates at temperatures from 1.6 K to room temperature. At charge densities near the charge-neutrality point rho_xx(H) is strongly enhanced and rho_xy(H) is suppressed, indicating nearly equal electron and hole contributions to the transport current. The data are inconsistent with uniformly distributed electron and hole concentrations (two-fluid model) but in excellent agreement with the recent theoretical prediction for inhomogeneously distributed electron and hole regions of equal mobility. At low temperatures and high magnetic fields rho_xx(H) saturates to a value ~h/e^2, with Hall conductivity << e^2/h, which may indicate a regime of localized v = 2 and v = -2 quantum Hall puddles.
Optimization of Multi-Layer Antireflection Coatings for Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Zeng, L.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Ge, W.
name: Shen, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1299-1302
description: This paper aims at developing a design strategy of multi-layer antireflection coatings (ARCs) to
improve the optical performance for multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells. We proposed a three-dimensional
(3D) ellipsoid surface model to represent the concave-like morphology formed by acidic texturization. Monte Carlo
ray tracing algorithm was applied to simulate the interaction between incident light and wafer. After that, we fixed
the parameters of the 3D model by fitting the simulated reflectance to the measured result of a typical industrial mc-
Si wafer. The reflectance and transmittance of multi-layer ARC over 300 nm to 1100 nm were calculated by
employing transfer-matrix-method (TMM). The validity of the simulation was proved by the agreement between
simulated and measured reflectance of silicon nitride (SiNx:H) single-layer ARC. Finally, we studied a triple-layer
stack, including bottom and intermediate layers of SiNx with high and medium refractive indexes respectively and a
top layer of SiO2. Genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the thicknesses of the three layers. Calculated result
showed that the designed stack can increase the short circuit current by 1.12 mA/cm2.
Crime prevention through environmental design : the status and prospects for CPTED in British Columbia
Creators: name: Piombini, Marino
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design" (CPTED) concept promises to reduce the opportunities and fear of crime in neighbourhoods. By reducing the opportunities for crime, it is assumed that people will become less fearful of moving freely about their environment. This assumption requires further study. This thesis reviews the current status of CPTED in eleven municipalities in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. Based on a series of interviews with law enforcement and planning officials, the thesis examines the promotion, principles and practice of CPTED. The findings suggest that the promotion of CPTED is inadequate. Additionally, CPTED may conflict with other planning objectives. Furthermore, since the concept only promises to reduce the opportunities for crime, evaluating Its performance is difficult. As a result, only a small number of municipalities have incorporated CPTED into their planning process. The thesis concludes that in spite of the limited success of CPTED to date, research on the theory and practice of the concept should continue. Recommendations are suggested to facilitate the implementation, evaluation and promotion of CPTED in the future.
Optimizing P Furnace Diffusion Layers for Laser Doping
Creators: name: Bazer-Bachi, B.
name: Lill, P.C.
name: Dahlinger, M.
name: Eisele, S.J.
name: Zapf-Gottwick, R.
name: Köhler, J.R.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1954-1957
description: Advanced structures in solar cells, such as selective emitter or back contacted back junction solar cells,
require different phosphorus doping levels. A phosphorus furnace diffusion creates the lowly doped region, needed
for high lifetime between the contacts. The phosphosilicate glass deposited during the diffusion serves as precursor
layer for laser doping. It leads to a high doping required for a good contact resistance between the metallization and
the doped area. We pursue a trade-off between the low Auger recombination due to lowly doped regions and the low
contact resistance due to sufficient phosphorus concentration under metallization. The decrease of the diffusion
temperature, the introduction of a preoxidation prior to the diffusion, and the high POCl3/O2 ratio lead to high sheet
resistances, even after the surface passivation by thermal oxidation, which redistributes the P-atoms. Subsequently,
we analyze the effect of a light diffusion on the P-precursor (i.e. the phosphosilicate glass) that serves as additional
dopant source for the laser doping of the highly doped areas. Surface saturation current density J0s down to J0s = 12
fA/cm² are obtained on the lowly doped region while contact resistance measurements of the highly laser doped areas
give pc,LD = 3.6 mΩcm² on the same sample.
Analysis of the $γn \to K^+ Σ^-(1385)$ photoproduction
Creators: name: Wang, Ai-Chao
name: Wei, Neng-Chang
name: Huang, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our previous work [Phys. Rev. D $\bf{101}$, 074025 (2020)], the photoproduction $γp \to K^+ Σ^0(1385)$ has been investigated within an effective Lagrangian approach. There, the reaction amplitudes were constructed by considering the $t$-channel $K$ and $K^\ast(892)$ exchanges, $s$-channel $N$ contribution, $u$-channel $Λ$ exchange, generalized contact term, and a minimum number of $s$-channel $N$ and $Δ$ resonance diagrams. It was found that the inclusion of one of the $N(1895){1/2}^-$, $Δ(1900){1/2}^-$, and $Δ(1930){5/2}^-$ resonances is essential to reproduce the available differential and total cross-section data for $γp \to K^+ Σ^0(1385)$. In the present work, we employ the same model to study the photoproduction $γn \to K^+ Σ^-(1385)$, with the purpose being to understand the reaction mechanism and, in particular, to figure out which one of the $N(1895){1/2}^-$, $Δ(1900){1/2}^-$, and $Δ(1930){5/2}^-$ resonances is really capable for a simultaneous description of the data for both $K^+ Σ^0(1385)$ and $K^+ Σ^-(1385)$ photoproduction reactions. The results show that the available data on differential and total cross sections and photo-beam asymmetries for $γn \to K^+ Σ^-(1385)$ can be reproduced only with the inclusion of the $Δ(1930){5/2}^-$ resonance rather than the other two. The generalized contact term and the $t$-channel $K$ exchange are found to dominate the background contributions. The resonance $Δ(1930){5/2}^-$ provides the most important contributions in the whole energy region considered, and it is responsible for the bump structure exhibited in the total cross sections.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in PRD
Barycentric decomposition of quantum measurements in finite dimensions
Creators: name: Chiribella, G.
name: D'Ariano, G. M.
name: Schlingemann, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the convex structure of the set of positive operator valued measures (POVMs) representing quantum measurements on a given finite dimensional quantum system, with outcomes in a given locally compact Hausdorff space. The extreme points of the convex set are operator valued measures concentrated on a finite set of k \le d^2 points of the outcome space, d< \infty being the dimension of the Hilbert space. We prove that for second countable outcome spaces any POVM admits a Choquet representation as the barycenter of the set of extreme points with respect to a suitable probability measure. In the general case, Krein-Milman theorem is invoked to represent POVMs as barycenters of a certain set of POVMs concentrated on k \le d^2 points of the outcome space.
description: !5 pages, no figures
Learning a State Representation and Navigation in Cluttered and Dynamic Environments
Creators: name: Hoeller, David
name: Wellhausen, Lorenz
name: Farshidian, Farbod
name: Hutter, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we present a learning-based pipeline to realise local navigation with a quadrupedal robot in cluttered environments with static and dynamic obstacles. Given high-level navigation commands, the robot is able to safely locomote to a target location based on frames from a depth camera without any explicit mapping of the environment. First, the sequence of images and the current trajectory of the camera are fused to form a model of the world using state representation learning. The output of this lightweight module is then directly fed into a target-reaching and obstacle-avoiding policy trained with reinforcement learning. We show that decoupling the pipeline into these components results in a sample efficient policy learning stage that can be fully trained in simulation in just a dozen minutes. The key part is the state representation, which is trained to not only estimate the hidden state of the world in an unsupervised fashion, but also helps bridging the reality gap, enabling successful sim-to-real transfer. In our experiments with the quadrupedal robot ANYmal in simulation and in reality, we show that our system can handle noisy depth images, avoid dynamic obstacles unseen during training, and is endowed with local spatial awareness.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Progress in European BIPV Standardization Work – Definition of Test Sequences and Test Requirements
Creators: name: Reil, F.
name: Szacsvay, T.
name: Erban, C.
name: Remmels, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4212-4214
description: Motivated by the fact that BIPV modules and systems are not yet regulated by any harmonized European
standard, several research projects co-funded by the EU, such as PV Performance [1], were established to assess the technical
(as opposed to aesthetic and commercial) implications of normatively integrating PVs in buildings by considering them as
construction products. The present draft standard was devised as a harmonized normative basis for the application of BIPVs
in Europe, stating first of all the applicable existing standards, but also proposing new test methods and adapted
requirements. Since in Europe BIPVs must comply with the normative framework of both CENELEC and CEN, technical
prerequisites such as the low-voltage and building construction directives and regulations form the technical background for
stating the requirements on such products. This article summarizes the present status of this European standardization work,
which – once in force – will provide guidelines for manufacturers, planners, system designers and installers for the
application of BIPV products.
On the Kerr Quantum Area Spectrum
Creators: name: Medved, A. J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Suppose that there is a quantum operator that describes the horizon area of a black hole. Then what would be the form of the ensuing quantum spectrum? In this regard, it has been conjectured that the characteristic frequencies of the black hole oscillations can be used to calibrate the spacing between the spectral levels. The current article begins with a brief review of this conjecture and some of its subsequent developments. We then suggest a simple but vital modification to a recent treatment on the Kerr (or rotating black hole) spectrum. As a consequence of this refinement, we are able to rectify a prior inconsistency (as was found between two distinct calculations) and to establish, unambiguously, a universal form for the Kerr and Schwarzschild spectra.
description: Roughly 8 pages; (v2) added references and very minor changes
Charging Ahead: Unlocking Business Opportunities in the UK's Transition to Electric Vehicles
Creators: name: Simpson, Joe
name: Shepherd, William
Publisher: name: Transformative Enterprise Research Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: EV
Strategy
Business Opportunities

description: The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of electric vehicles (EVs) in the UK, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities for businesses as they transition from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in line with the government's Net Zero roadmap. The plan to phase out ICEVs by 2035, with a ban on new sales by 2030, is driven not only by regulatory mandates but also by increasing pressure from partners and customers for more sustainable practices, particularly through the adoption of EVs.
Analysis of Morphologies and Distribution of Al-Doped Local Back Surface Field for Screen Printed i-PERC Solar Cell
Creators: name: Chen, D.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Li, Z.
name: Liang, Z.
name: Feng, Z.
name: Verlinden, P.
name: Shen, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1303-1306
description: The property of Al-doped local back surface field (LBSF) is critical for the efficiency of Industrial-
Passivated Emitter and Rear Contacts (i-PERC) solar cells. In this paper, the shape, structure and distribution of the
LBSF regions across a wafer are analyzed in detail. First, the characteristics of the rear local contacts filled with Al-Si
eutectic are described. The device simulation program Sentaurus was employed to analyze the relationship between
LBSF characteristics and the cell performance. The simulation results show that a minimum BSF thickness of 2 μm is
required for a good local contact. Second, five different kinds of cavities formed in the local contacts are analyzed.
For most rear local contacts, a small fraction of Al-Si eutectic residue still exists at the contact edges, and an
incomplete LBSF layer is formed. The distribution of the Al-Si eutectic within the cavities is described. Long and
short cavities were observed in the rear local contact. The conductive property of rear local contact is discussed. Most
of the local contacts with cavities are still conductive.
Electronic supplementary material for 'No severe genetic bottleneck in a rapidly range-expanding bumblebee' from No severe genetic bottleneck in a rapidly range-expanding bumblebee pollinator
Creators: name: Brock, Ryan E.
name: Crowther, Liam P.
name: Wright, David J.
name: Richardson, David S.
name: Carvell, Claire
name: Taylor, Martin I.
name: Bourke, Andrew F. G.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Supplementary methods and results for Brock et al., 2021 (DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2639)
The Fourth Positive System of Carbon Monoxide in the Hubble Space Telescope Spectra of Comets
Creators: name: Lupu, Roxana E.
name: Feldman, Paul D.
name: Weaver, Harold A.
name: Tozzi, Gian-Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rich structure of the Fourth Positive System (A-X) of carbon monoxide accounts for many of the spectral features seen in long slit HST-STIS observations of comets 153P/Ikeya-Zhang, C/2001 Q4 (NEAT), and C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR), as well as in the HST-GHRS spectrum of comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake. A detailed CO fluorescence model is developed to derive the CO abundances in these comets by simultaneously fitting all of the observed A-X bands. The model includes the latest values for the oscillator strengths and state parameters, and accounts for optical depth effects due to line overlap and self-absorption. The model fits yield radial profiles of CO column density that are consistent with a predominantly native source for all the comets observed by STIS. The derived CO abundances relative to water in these comets span a wide range, from 0.44% for C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR), 7.2% for 153P/Ikeya-Zhang, 8.8% for C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) to 20.9% for C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake). The subtraction of the CO spectral features using this model leads to the first identification of a molecular hydrogen line pumped by solar HI Lyman-beta longward of 1200A in the spectrum of comet 153P/Ikeya-Zhang. (Abridged)
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, ApJ accepted
Stationary nonequilibrium bound state of a pair of run and tumble particles
Creators: name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two interacting identical run and tumble particles (RTP's) in one dimension. Each particle is driven by a telegraphic noise, and in some cases, also subjected to a thermal white noise with a corresponding diffusion constant $D$. We are interested in the stationary bound state formed by the two RTP's in the presence of a mutual attractive interaction. The distribution of the relative coordinate $y$ indeed reaches a steady state that we characterize in terms of the solution of a second-order differential equation. We obtain the explicit formula for the stationary probability $P(y)$ of $y$ for two examples of interaction potential $V(y)$. The first one corresponds to $V(y) \sim |y|$. In this case, for $D=0$ we find that $P(y)$ contains a delta function part at $y=0$, signaling a strong clustering effect, together with a smooth exponential component. For $D>0$, the delta function part broadens, leading instead to weak clustering. The second example is the harmonic attraction $V(y) \sim y^2$ in which case, for $D=0$, $P(y)$ is supported on a finite interval. We unveil an interesting relation between this two-RTP model with harmonic attraction and a three-state single RTP model in one dimension, as well as with a four-state single RTP model in two dimensions. We also provide a general discussion of the stationary bound state, including examples where it is not unique, e.g., when the particles cannot cross due to an additional short-range repulsion.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Effect of the Self-Cleaning Coating Surface in the Temperature and Soiling Losses of Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Cañete Torralvo, C.
name: Moreno, R.
name: Carretero Rubio, J.
name: Piliougine Rocha, M.
name: Sidrach-De-Cardona, M.
name: Hirose, J.
name: Ogawa, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3432-3435
description: Soiling on photovoltaic modules has a straight effect on the transmittance and hence significant energy
losses. The economic cost due to these losses can be important in the case of large-scale plants, especially for those
located in dry areas. Asahi Kasei Corporation has designed and developed a new coating for photovoltaic modules
with self-cleaning and anti-reflectiveness properties. The deposition of such coating on the surface of the modules has
a positive effect on their global performance. The objective of this paper is to evaluate this coating by comparing the
energy produced by several modules of the same model, some of them with anti-soiling coating and other without it.
Obtained results quantify the relationship between soiling and energy losses. During long periods without rain, these
losses grow up gradually until first rainfalls. Modules with the coating have experimented mean daily energy losses
around 2.7%, whereas in the case of the modules without the coating this value reaches 3.6%.
Glass-Free PV Module Encapsulation with Aluminium and Transparent Fibre Reinforced Organic Matrix Composite Material
Creators: name: Zubillaga, O.
name: Arrizabalaga, I.
name: Cano, F.
name: García, S.
name: Hoces, I.
name: Imaz, N.
name: Imbuluzqueta, G.
name: Román Medina, E.
name: Vega De Seoane, J.M.
name: Yurrita, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 430-432
description: The present research work aimed at developing an innovative photovoltaic module based on a glassfree
lightweight and cost-effective encapsulation solution, easy and feasible to integrate in multifunctionality
demanding applications such as BIPV and transport. The proposed solution is composed of an aluminium sheet as the
backsheet and a transparent and monolithic glass fibre reinforced organic matrix composite as both, the encapsulant
and frontsheet. The research work comprised encapsulation of commercial CIGS photovoltaic cells, being the
composite manufactured through infusion process. Beyond the PV properties, the study was focused on the interface
aluminium-composite, considered as a key factor for the performance of this approach. During the infusion process
and curing of the composite the PV performance of the cells was not degraded, resulting in encapsulated cells with a
9.2%. After 200 thermal cycles (IEC 61646), a decrease in the electrical output of the cells was observed, but meeting
the requirements of the standard. However, the pull-off adhesion strength was not affected by the cycles, remaining
as high as 11MPa. These promising results will guide and motivate further studies of metal-composite encapsulation
solutions devoted to integration purposes.
Structuring of Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) Films on Glass by Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Creators: name: Krause, S.
name: Miclea, P.-T.
name: Schweizer, S.
name: Seifert, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Material Studies

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 464-466
description: Thin film solar modules are usually designed as 5-10 mm wide stripes electrically connected in series.
The majority of structuring is currently done by the three laser patterning steps P1, P2 and P3 using nanosecond
pulses to separate successively transparent conductive oxide (TCO), absorber and rear contact metal, respectively.
Each scribe has a typical width of 30 μm or more, and causes a heat-affected zone in the remaining material. Over all,
a considerable part of the solar cell area is not used for electrical power production. Femtosecond lasers offer great
potential to minimize the width and to optimize the quality of these scribes because the ultra-short pulses can be utilized
for selective ablation via non-thermal physical mechanisms without deleterious effects like thermal and mechanical
stresses in the glass substrate or contamination of the adjacent layer. Here, the P1 scribe, i.e. ablation of transparent
conductive oxide (TCO) films was investigated in detail. The ablation craters and scribes, for single and multipulse
ablation processes, were investigated by profilometry, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In
addition, energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis was performed to examine the influence of the laser structuring on
the glass and the direct environment of the laser scribe, for instance, residual TCO. Electrical conductivity measurements
were done to analyze the influence of the scribe width on the electrical properties of the TCO film.