cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coupling Learning of Complex Interactions
Creators: name: Cao, Longbing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex applications such as big data analytics involve different forms of coupling relationships that reflect interactions between factors related to technical, business (domain-specific) and environmental (including socio-cultural and economic) aspects. There are diverse forms of couplings embedded in poor-structured and ill-structured data. Such couplings are ubiquitous, implicit and/or explicit, objective and/or subjective, heterogeneous and/or homogeneous, presenting complexities to existing learning systems in statistics, mathematics and computer sciences, such as typical dependency, association and correlation relationships. Modeling and learning such couplings thus is fundamental but challenging. This paper discusses the concept of coupling learning, focusing on the involvement of coupling relationships in learning systems. Coupling learning has great potential for building a deep understanding of the essence of business problems and handling challenges that have not been addressed well by existing learning theories and tools. This argument is verified by several case studies on coupling learning, including handling coupling in recommender systems, incorporating couplings into coupled clustering, coupling document clustering, coupled recommender algorithms and coupled behavior analysis for groups.
ESTIMATING THE POVERTY IMPACTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION
Creators: name: Reimer, Jeffrey J.
name: Reimer, Jeffrey J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
International Relations/Trade

description: As a new round of World Trade Organization negotiations is being launched with greater emphasis on developing country participation, a body of literature is emerging which quantifies how international trade affects the poor in developing countries. This survey summarizes and classifies thirty-five studies from this literature into four methodological categories: cross-country regression, partial-equilibrium/cost-of-living analysis, general-equilibrium simulation, and micro-macro synthesis. These categories encompass a broad range of methodologies in current use. The continuum of approaches is bounded on one end by econometric analysis of household expenditure data, which is the traditional domain of poverty specialists, and sometimes labeled the "bottom-up" approach. On the other end of the continuum are computable general equilibrium models based on national accounts data, or what might be called the "top-down" approach. Another feature of several recent trade/poverty studies- and one of the primary conclusions to emerge from the October 2000 Conference on Poverty and the International Economy sponsored by Globkom and the World Bank - is recognition that factor markets are perhaps the most important linkage between trade and poverty, since households tend to be much more specialized in income than they are in consumption. Meanwhile, survey data on the income sources of developing-country households has become increasingly available. As a result, this survey gives particular emphasis to the means by which studies address factor market linkages between trade and poverty. The general conclusion is that any analysis of trade and poverty needs to be informed by both the bottom-up and top-down perspectives. Indeed, recent "two-step" micro-macro studies sequentially link these two types of frameworks, such that general equilibrium mechanisms are incorporated along with detailed household survey information. Another methodology similar in spirit and also increasingly used involves the incorporation of large numbers of surveyed households into a general-equilibrium simulation model. Although most of these studies have so far been limited to a single region, these approaches can be readily adapted for multi-region modeling so that trade-poverty comparisons can be made across countries within a consistent framework.
Frøken Seidewitzes Brev till Biskop Hagerup i Trundhiem tilligemed Biscopens Svar
Creators: name: Seidewitz Frøken, Trondheim
name: Hagerup, Eiler
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0

description: Sannsynligvis en avskrift etter Fortgesetzte Nachrichten von Alten und neuen theologischen Sachen ... auf das Jahr 1733 s. 504-514. For den preken, i anledning av hvilken frøken S. skrev til biskopen, se qMs 92 (dokid. 06a026138)
Mechanistic aspects of carbohydrate epimerization
Creators: name: Samuel, Jomy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Epimerases are enzymes that invert the stereochemistry at a stereogenic center in a molecule with two or more chiral centers. Most known sugar epimerases catalyze this reaction by simple deprotonation/reprotonation or by oxidation/reduction mechanism. Only two carbohydrate epimerases are known that catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry by mechanisms different from those mentioned above. These are: L-ribulose-5-phosphate 4- epimerase and UDP-7V-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase). L-Ribulose-5-phosphate 4-epimerase (L-Ru5P 4-epimerase) is a bacterial enzyme that interconverts L-ribulose 5-phosphate (L-Ru5P) and D-xylulose 5-phosphate (D-Xu5P) by a retroaldol/aldol mechanism. The epimerase shares 26% sequence homology and a high degree of structural homology with the metal-dependent class-II aldolase, L-fuculose-1 -phosphate aldolase, which catalyzes the reversible C-C bond cleavage of L-fuculose 1-phosphate (LFulP) to give L-lactaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. We have shown that the epimerase and the aldolase share a conserved phosphate binding pocket. Since the substrates of the epimerase and the aldolase are phosphorylated at opposite ends, the epimerase binds the substrate in a reverse orientation as compared to the aldolase. Due to this "flipped" orientation of the bound substrates, the two enzymes utilize different acid/base residues for catalyzing the reaction. Asp 120' has been identified as the catalytic residue responsible for deprotonating DXu5P. Thus, while there is a single catalytic residue, Glu73, in the aldolase, there are two different catalytic residues, Aspl20' and Tyr229' (Cleland et al.)64 in the epimerase. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase or UDPE) is a homodimeric, bacterial enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-N- acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) and UDP-N-acety1mannosamine (UDP-ManNAc) by a mechanism involving C-0 bond cleavage/formation. UDPE is allosterically regulated by its own substrate UDP-GlcNAc. Using site-directed mutagenesis we have identified two residues, His213 and Lysl5, which play an important role in substrate binding. Three carboxylate mutants, D95N, E117Q and E131Q, showed a 10,000-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency and an impaired allosteric control. The ability of the E117Q mutant to catalyze the release of intermediates from UDP-GlcNAc at rates comparable to that of the wild-type enzyme suggests that Glul l7 could be the catalytic residue responsible for deprotonating UDP-ManNAc. The wild-type epimerase shows a 50% increase in fluorescence with 1 mM of a 10:1 mixture of UDP-GlcNAc and UDP-ManNAc. On the basis of kinetic and binding studies with the wild-type epimerase and the three carboxylate mutants we have shown that the enzyme is capable of binding UDP-ManNAc in the absence of UDP-GlcNAc. We propose that UDPE is a V-system in which binding of UDP-GlcNAc to one subunit increases the catalytic efficiency of the other subunit.
A Canonical Approach to the Einstein-Hilbert Action in Two Spacetime Dimensions
Creators: name: Kiriushcheva, N.
name: Kuzmin, S. V.
name: McKeon, D. G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The canonical structure of the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrange density $L=\sqrt{-g}R$ is examined in two spacetime dimensions, using the metric density $h^{μν}\equiv \sqrt{-g}g^{μν}$ and symmetric affine connection $Γ_{σβ}^λ$ as dynamical variables. The Hamiltonian reduces to a linear combination of three first class constraints with a local SO(2,1) algebra. The first class constraints are used to find a generator of gauge transformations that has a closed off-shell algebra and which leaves the Lagrangian and $\det (h^{μν})$ invariant. These transformations are distinct from diffeomorphism invariance, and are gauge transformations characterized by a symmetric matrix $ζ_{μν}$.
description: 10 pages, references are added and the compact form of gauge transformations is given
Additional file 1 of Towards a science inquiry test in primary education: development of items and scales
Creators: name: Pedaste, Margus
name: Baucal, Aleksandar
name: Reisenbuk, Elle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Example of a test task.
Additional file 3 of Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus
Creators: name: Chengwei Huang
name: Yang, Mao
name: Danlei Shao
name: Yangming Wang
name: Shubei Wan
name: Jianbo He
name: Zuqing Meng
name: Guan, Rongzhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3 : Figure S1. Frequency distribution of plant height in the BC5F3 (1) and BC5F3 (2) populations.
Option Pricing: Channels, Target Zones and Sideways Markets
Creators: name: Kakushadze, Zura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: After a market downturn, especially in an uncertain economic environment such as the current state, there can be a relatively long period with a sideways market, where indexes, stocks, etc., move in channels with support and resistance levels. We discuss option pricing in such scenarios, in both cases of unattainable as well as attainable boundaries, and obtain closed-form option pricing formulas. Our results also apply to FX rates in target zones without interest rate pegging (USD/HKD, digital currencies, etc.).
description: 11 pages
Property of cn - nbar cbar System in U(12)-Scheme and X(3872),Y(3940)
Creators: name: Ishida, Muneyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of four quark cn - nbar cbar states are investigated as cn di-quark and nbar cbar di-antiquark system in U(12)-classification scheme of hadrons. We consider the negative-parity di-quark and di-antiquark in ground states, and the properties of X(3872) and Y(3940) are consistent, respectively, with those of the JPC=1++ and 2++ states from these negative-parity di-quark and di-antiquark. Their narrow-widths are explained from an orthogonality of spinor wave functions. The properties of ground-state cs - sbar cbar system are also predicted in this scheme.
description: 8pages, proceedings of HADRON'05, CBPF, Rio de Janeiro, August 2005
INTERNATIONAL CROSS SECTION ESTIMATES OF DEMAND FOR USE IN THE GTAP MODEL
Creators: name: Reimer, Jeffrey J.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Reimer, Jeffrey J.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Relations/Trade

description: The making of projections often requires an economy-wide perspective, and the estimation of consumer demands at the international level. In this paper, an implicit, directly additive demand system (AIDADS) is estimated using cross-country data on consumer expenditures from the International Comparison Program (ICP), and then from Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) data. The two data sets are found to produce results that are quite consistent despite their differing origins, and the fact that the former is based on consumer goods that embody wholesale/retail margins, while margin demands are treated separately in GTAP. Given the similarity of the results, the estimation based on GTAP data is favored because it is readily matched to input-output based production and trade data, and provides valuable new information concerning how aggregate margin expenditures are related to per capita income.
Candidate Electromagnetic Counterpart to the Binary Black Hole Merger Gravitational Wave Event S190521g
Creators: name: Graham, M. J.
name: Ford, K. E. S.
name: McKernan, B.
name: Ross, N. P.
name: Stern, D.
name: Burdge, K.
name: Coughlin, M.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Drake, A. J.
name: Duev, D.
name: Kasliwal, M.
name: Mahabal, A. A.
name: van Velzen, S.
name: Belicki, J.
name: Bellm, E. C.
name: Burruss, R.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Cunningham, V.
name: Helou, G.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Masci, F. J.
name: Prince, T.
name: Reiley, D.
name: Rodriguez, H.
name: Rusholme, B.
name: Smith, R. M.
name: Soumagnac, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first plausible optical electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to a (candidate) binary black hole (BBH) merger. Detected by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), the EM flare is consistent with expectations for a kicked BBH merger in the accretion disk of an active galactic nucleus (AGN), and is unlikely ($
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters (June 25, 2020)
Ground states and thermal states of the random field Ising model
Creators: name: Wu, Yong
name: Machta, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The random field Ising model is studied numerically at both zero and positive temperature. Ground states are mapped out in a region of random and external field strength. Thermal states and thermodynamic properties are obtained for all temperatures using the the Wang-Landau algorithm. The specific heat and susceptibility typically display sharp peaks in the critical region for large systems and strong disorder. These sharp peaks result from large domains flipping. For a given realization of disorder, ground states and thermal states near the critical line are found to be strongly correlated--a concrete manifestation of the zero temperature fixed point scenario.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures; new material added in this version
Additional file 2 of Towards a science inquiry test in primary education: development of items and scales
Creators: name: Pedaste, Margus
name: Baucal, Aleksandar
name: Reisenbuk, Elle
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Data.
BRAHMS Overview
Creators: name: Debbe, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review of BRAHMS measurements of bulk particle production in RHIC Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200GeV$ is presented, together with some discussion of baryon number transport. Intermediate $p_{T}$ measurements in different collision systems (Au+Au, d+Au and p+p) are also discussed in the context of jet quenching and saturation of the gluon density in Au ions at RHIC energies. This report also includes preliminary results for identified particles at forward rapidities in d+Au and Au+Au collisions.
description: 8 pages 6 figures, Invited plenary talk at 5th International Conference on Physics and Astrophysics of Quark Gluon Plasma (ICPAQGP 2005), Salt Lake City, Kolkata, India, 8-12 Feb 2005
Additional file 2 of Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus
Creators: name: Chengwei Huang
name: Yang, Mao
name: Danlei Shao
name: Yangming Wang
name: Shubei Wan
name: Jianbo He
name: Zuqing Meng
name: Guan, Rongzhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2 : Table S2. The designed SSR markers used in this study.
Magnetic field induced finite size effect in type-II superconductors
Creators: name: Schneider, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the occurrence of a magnetic field induced finite size effect on the specific heat and correlation lengths of anisotropic type-II superconductors near the zero field transition temperature Tc. Since near the zero field transition thermal fluctuations are expected to dominate and with increasing field strength these fluctuations become one dimensional, whereupon the effect of fluctuations increases, it appears unavoidable to account for thermal fluctuations. Invoking the scaling theory of critical phenomena it is shown that the specific heat data of nearly optimally doped YBa2Cu3O7-x are inconsistent with the traditional mean-field and lowest Landau level predictions of a continuous superconductor to normal state transition along an upper critical field Hc2(T). On the contrary, we observe agreement with a magnetic field induced finite size effect, whereupon even the correlation length longitudinal to the applied field H cannot grow beyond the limiting magnetic length L(H). It arises because with increasing magnetic field the density of vortex lines becomes greater, but this cannot continue indefinitely. L(H) is then roughly set on the proximity of vortex lines by the overlapping of their cores. Thus, the shift and the rounding of the specific heat peak in an applied field is traced back to a magnetic field induced finite size effect in the correlation length longitudinal to the applied field.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Effects of asymmetric splayed columnar defects on the anomalous peak effect in Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$
Creators: name: Takahashi, Ayumu
name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Kambara, Tadashi
name: Yoshida, Atsushi
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to enhance the critical current density ($J_c$) of superconductors, introduction of columnar defects (CDs) through swift-particle irradiation is effective. By dispersing the direction of CDs (splayed CDs), not only further enhancement of $J_c$ has been confirmed but also an anomalous peak effect (APE) in $J_c$ at a certain magnetic field determined by the irradiation dose was observed. It has been proposed that the APE arises from the suppression of kink motion and/or the effects of vortex entanglement in systems with splayed CDs. In this study, we measure $J_c$ properties of optimally K-doped Ba-122-type iron-based superconductor Ba$_{0.6}$K$_{0.4}$Fe$_{2}$As$_{2}$ single crystals with splayed CDs that are introduced asymmetrically with respect to the $c$-axis by irradiating 2.6 GeV U ions. We discuss the significance of the average direction of splayed CDs to the APE. We also discuss the relationship between the APE and the entanglement of vortices.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan
TRADE LIBERALIZATION AS A VEHICLE FOR ADAPTING TO GLOBAL WARMING
Creators: name: Randhir, Timothy O.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Randhir, Timothy O.
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium Meetings San Diego, CA, December 14-16, 1997 and at the First Annual Conference in Global Economic Analysis, Purdue University, June 1998. This study assesses the interaction between climate change and agricultural trade policies. We distinguish between two dimensions of agricultural trade policy: market insulation and subsidy levels. Building on the previous work of Tsigas, Frisvold and Kuhn (1997) we find that, in the presence of current levels of agricultural subsidies, increased price transmission --as called for under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture-- reduces global welfare in the wake of climate change. This is due to the positive correlation between productivity changes and current levels of agricultural support. Increases in subsidized output under climate change tend to exacerbate inefficiencies in the global agricultural economy in the absence of market insulation. However, once agricultural subsidies have also been eliminated, price transmission via the global trading system contributes positively to economic adaptation under climate change.
Additional file 1 of Effect of mindfulness on physical activity in primary healthcare patients: a randomised controlled trial pilot study
Creators: name: Nymberg, Peter
name: Calling, Susanna
name: Stenman, Emelie
name: Palmér, Karolina
name: Hansson, Eva Ekvall
name: Sundquist, Kristina
name: Sundquist, Jan
name: Zöller, Bengt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table presenting differences in baseline values between dropouts and those who continued.
Mag. M. Reenbergs Prædiken i Roeschilde 1697
Creators: name: Reenberg, Morten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1697

description: Preken over 1. Thim. 4,12. Med utdrag av Actis Synod. Dionyss. av 12/10, da han etter kgl. befaling ble foreholdt sin forseelse av biskop Bornemann.
description: Se Theologisk Maanedsskrivt. For Fædrelandets Religionslære udgivet af Lorenz Nikolai Fallesen. IV s. 680.
description: Kopi.
Additional file 1 of Preventing overuse of laboratory diagnostics: a case study into diagnosing anaemia in Dutch general practice
Creators: name: Kip, Michelle M. A.
name: Oonk, Martijn L. J.
name: Mark-David Levin
name: Schop, Annemarie
name: Bindels, Patrick J. E.
name: Kusters, Ron
name: Koffijberg, Hendrik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. This file contains the reference values of the 15 laboratory tests, extensive descriptions of the multinomial and the binomial logistic regression model, the assumptions that have been tested, as well as the detailed results of the multinomial logistic regression model, of the best subset selection and of the variance inflation factor.
Additional file 2 of Effect of mindfulness on physical activity in primary healthcare patients: a randomised controlled trial pilot study
Creators: name: Nymberg, Peter
name: Calling, Susanna
name: Stenman, Emelie
name: Palmér, Karolina
name: Hansson, Eva Ekvall
name: Sundquist, Kristina
name: Sundquist, Jan
name: Zöller, Bengt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Table presenting number of days with activity monitor wear time of 600 minutes or more per day.
Involutive orbits of non-Noether symmetry groups
Creators: name: Chavchanidze, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70H33; 70H06; 58J70; 53Z05; 35A30

description: We consider set of functions on Poisson manifold related by continues one-parameter group of transformations. Class of vector fields that produce involutive families of functions is investigated and relationship between these vector fields and non-Noether symmetries of Hamiltonian dynamical systems is outlined. Theory is illustrated with sample models: modified Boussinesq system and Broer-Kaup system.
description: LaTeX 2e, 10 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of The role of vaginal palpation in motor learning of the pelvic floor muscles for women with stress urinary incontinence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ferreira, Letícia De Azevedo
name: Fitz, Fátima Faní
name: Gimenez, Márcia Maria
name: Mayanni Magda Pereira Matias
name: Bortolini, Maria Augusta Tezelli
name: Castro, Rodrigo Aquino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1:. Informed consent form.
BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND CUSTOMS UNIONS: THE IMPACT OF THE EU REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT ON BOTSWANA
Creators: name: McDonald, Scott
name: Walmsley, Terrie L.
name: McDonald, Scott
name: Walmsley, Terrie L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The EU has indicated that after 2008 its trade relationships with developing countries will be dominated by the development of preferential trade agreements. Although not a consequence of the Cotonou Agreement, the free trade agreement between the EU and the Republic of South Africa (EU RSA FTA) is clearly one of the first fruits of this approach to trade relationships. However, there is no evidence that the design of the EU RSA FTA incorporated a comprehensive general equilibrium evaluation of the agreement for either the signatories or the other southern African nations. The analyses reported here indicate that while the EU RSA FTA may substantially benefit the signatories, there are appreciable negative impacts for other states, especially the RSA's immediate neighbours. Moreover, the reluctance of the EU to fully liberalise trade in food and agriculture commodities results in a major reduction in the benefits for the RSA without ameliorating substantively the adverse implications for other nations.
A machine learning aided global diagnostic and comparative tool to assess effect of quarantine control in Covid-19 spread
Creators: name: Dandekar, Raj
name: Rackauckas, Chris
name: Barbastathis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We have developed a globally applicable diagnostic Covid-19 model by augmenting the classical SIR epidemiological model with a neural network module. Our model does not rely upon previous epidemics like SARS/MERS and all parameters are optimized via machine learning algorithms employed on publicly available Covid-19 data. The model decomposes the contributions to the infection timeseries to analyze and compare the role of quarantine control policies employed in highly affected regions of Europe, North America, South America and Asia in controlling the spread of the virus. For all continents considered, our results show a generally strong correlation between strengthening of the quarantine controls as learnt by the model and actions taken by the regions' respective governments. Finally, we have hosted our quarantine diagnosis results for the top 70 affected countries worldwide, on a public platform, which can be used for informed decision making by public health officials and researchers alike.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 1 of Fine mapping of the BnUC2 locus related to leaf up-curling and plant semi-dwarfing in Brassica napus
Creators: name: Chengwei Huang
name: Yang, Mao
name: Danlei Shao
name: Yangming Wang
name: Shubei Wan
name: Jianbo He
name: Zuqing Meng
name: Guan, Rongzhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Table S1. Distribution of polymorphic SNP marker between Bnuc2 and ZS11 on each chromosome.
Additional file 3 of Effect of mindfulness on physical activity in primary healthcare patients: a randomised controlled trial pilot study
Creators: name: Nymberg, Peter
name: Calling, Susanna
name: Stenman, Emelie
name: Palmér, Karolina
name: Hansson, Eva Ekvall
name: Sundquist, Kristina
name: Sundquist, Jan
name: Zöller, Bengt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Intercept (adjusted baseline value) and changes from baseline to 3 and 6 months in the three groups using mixed effect models. Containing individuals with at least 1 valid day (600 minutes activity monitor wear time per day).
Sources of Mn, Al, Cd and Cu to coastal waters of the California Current system
Creators: name: Merrin, Claire
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Dissolved Mn, Al, Cd and Cu concentrations were determined across a series of horizontal surface transects along the Northeast Pacific Ocean from the coast off Big Sur, California to Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This region of coastline allows the relative importance of different modes of input of trace metals to California Current surface waters to be assessed. In particular, the impact on dissolved concentrations of fluvial input from the Columbia River, diffusion from reducing shelf sediments and/or sediment resuspension coupled with upwelling, and the width of the continental shelf were examined. In addition, Mn, Al, Cd and Cu distributions were compared with Fe and Ga data from the same region. Background California Current surface water values were determined for Mn (3- 5nmol/kg), Al (0.38-0.65mnol/kg), Cd (0.08-0.30nmol/kg) and Cu (0.79-1.51nmol/kg). These data agree well with previous work. According to this study, the Columbia River is a considerable source of Mn and Al to California Current surface waters, with the highest levels of Mn and Al for all transects observed coincident with the lowest salinity waters sampled (Mn up to 117nmol/kg; Al up tol.lnmol/kg). Metal versus salinity plots for both Mn and Al indicate non-conservative mixing and removal as the water ages. Al is removed significantly faster than Mn and Ga. This agrees well with previous estimates of surface ocean residence times for these elements. In contrast to Mn and Al, Cd does not show enrichment in low salinity waters. However, it is possible that the Columbia may well be providing small quantities of Cd to California Current waters, but in this area the input is masked by relatively higher background signals. No data for Cu were available for the Columbia River area. Summer upwelling off the coasts of Oregon, Washington and California supplied significant quantities of Mn (4.6-39.5nmol/kg), Cd (0.32-0.92nmol/kg) and Cu (1.66- 4.52nmol/kg) to California Current surface waters. For Mn and Cu, diagenic remobilization and/or sediment resuspension coupled with upwelling explains the elevated signals for these metals. For Cd, the elevation is attributable to transport of enriched bottom water to the surface by upwelling. For Al, either sediments in this area are not a significant source of this metal, or Al is indeed supplied by sediments but is then stripped out of the water at a dramatic rate. Mn and Cu (as well as Cd and Al to a lesser extent) showed high elevation coincident with transects overlying areas where the continental shelf is wide, and significantly lower elevation coincident with transects overlying areas where the continental shelf is narrow. This again emphasizes the potential impact of sediments on trace metals concentrations in surface waters.
Additional file 2 of The role of vaginal palpation in motor learning of the pelvic floor muscles for women with stress urinary incontinence: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Ferreira, Letícia De Azevedo
name: Fitz, Fátima Faní
name: Gimenez, Márcia Maria
name: Mayanni Magda Pereira Matias
name: Bortolini, Maria Augusta Tezelli
name: Castro, Rodrigo Aquino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2:. Details of the experimental and control groups
Time scales of Li evolution: a homogeneous analysis of open clusters from ZAMS to late-MS
Creators: name: Sestito, P.
name: Randich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a new and homogeneous analysis of all the Li data available in the literature for main sequence stars (spectral-types from late F to K) in open clusters. In the present paper we focus on a detailed investigation of MS Li depletion and its time scales for stars in the 6350-5500 K effective temperature range. For the first time, we were able to constrain the age at which non-standard mixing processes, driving MS Li depletion, appear. We have also shown that MS Li depletion is not a continuous process and cannot be simply described by a t^(-alpha) law. We confirm that depletion becomes ineffective beyond an age of 1-2 Gyr for the majority of the stars, leading to a Li plateau at old ages. We compared the empirical scenario of Li as a function of age with the predictions of three non-standard models. We found that models including only gravity waves as main mixing process are not able to fit the Li vs. age pattern and thus this kind of mixing can be excluded as the predominant mechanism responsible for Li depletion. On the other hand, models including slow mixing induced by rotation and angular momentum loss, and in particular those including also diffusive processes not related to rotation, can explain to some extent the empirical evidence. However, none of the currently proposed models can fit the plateau at old ages.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures A&A accepted
Additional file 4 of Effect of mindfulness on physical activity in primary healthcare patients: a randomised controlled trial pilot study
Creators: name: Nymberg, Peter
name: Calling, Susanna
name: Stenman, Emelie
name: Palmér, Karolina
name: Hansson, Eva Ekvall
name: Sundquist, Kristina
name: Sundquist, Jan
name: Zöller, Bengt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4. Intercept (adjusted baseline value) and changes from baseline to 3 and 6 months in the three groups using mixed effect models. Containing analysis of BMI, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic- and systolic blood pressure, insomnia severity scale and five facets of mindfulness questionnaire. Individuals with at least 4 valid days (600 minutes activity monitor wear time per day).
THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE PAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FLORIDA SUGARCANE COOPERATIVES
Creators: name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
name: Lopez, Rigoberto A.
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Payment arrangements among members of a cooperative play a critical role in the performance of the cooperative. The impact of three payment systems is assessed for Florida sugarcane cooperatives through a bi-level programming model which incorporates both individual and collective behavior.
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE FLORIDA FRESH WINTER VEGETABLE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Taylor, Timothy G.
name: Wilkowske, Gary H.
name: Taylor, Timothy G.
name: Wilkowske, Gary H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Results indicate that productivity growth has been a prime factor in Florida's ability to retain a competitive position in the United States domestic fresh winter vegetable market. Total factor productivity indexes and productivity growth rates are estimated for the production of four major vegetable crops in one or more of four production areas in Florida. Florida producers have exhibited substantial productivity growth over the 1969-70 to 1981-82 period.
Retiree mortality forecasting: A partial age-range or a full age-range model?
Creators: name: Shang, Han Lin
name: Haberman, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 97K80, 91G05

description: An essential input of annuity pricing is the future retiree mortality. From observed age-specific mortality data, modeling and forecasting can be taken place in two routes. On the one hand, we can first truncate the available data to retiree ages and then produce mortality forecasts based on a partial age-range model. On the other hand, with all available data, we can first apply a full age-range model to produce forecasts and then truncate the mortality forecasts to retiree ages. We investigate the difference in modeling the logarithmic transformation of the central mortality rates between a partial age-range and a full age-range model, using data from mainly developed countries in the Human Mortality Database (2020). By evaluating and comparing the short-term point and interval forecast accuracies, we recommend the first strategy by truncating all available data to retiree ages and then produce mortality forecasts. However, when considering the long-term forecasts, it is unclear which strategy is better since it is more difficult to find a model and parameters that are optimal. This is a disadvantage of using methods based on time series extrapolation for long-term forecasting. Instead, an expectation approach, in which experts set a future target, could be considered, noting that this method has also had limited success in the past.
description: 18 pages, 5 tables
Constraints on the Variation of G from Primordial Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Clifton, T.
name: Barrow, J. D.
name: Scherrer, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study here the effect of a varying G on the evolution of the early Universe and, in particular, on primordial nucleosynthesis. This variation of G is modelled using the Brans-Dicke theory as well as a more general class of scalar-tensor theories. Modified nucleosynthesis codes are used to investigate this effect and the results obtained are used to constrain the parameters of the theories. We extend previous studies of primordial nucleosynthesis in scalar-tensor theories by including effects which can cause a slow variation of G during radiation domination and by including a late-time accelerating phase to the Universe's history. We include a brief discussion on the epoch of matter-radiation equality in Brans-Dicke theory, which is also of interest for determining the positions of the cosmic microwave background power-spectrum peaks.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. Published version
Supercontinuum generation assisted by dispersive waves trapping in dispersion-managed integrated silicon waveguides
Creators: name: Wei, Junxiong
name: Ciret, Charles
name: Billet, Maximilien
name: Leo, François
name: Kuyken, Bart
name: Gorza, Simon-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact chip-scale comb sources are of significant interest for many practical applications. Here, we experimentally study the generation of supercontinuum (SC) in an axially varying integrated waveguide. We show that the local tuning of the dispersion enables the continuous blue shift of dispersive waves thanks to their trapping by the strongly compressed pump pulse. This mechanism provides new insight into supercontinuum generation in a dispersion varying integrated waveguide. Pumped close to 2.2 $μ$m in the femtosecond regime and at a pulse energy of $\sim$ 4 pJ, the output spectrum extends from 1.1 $μ$m up to 2.76 $μ$m and shows good coherence properties. Octave-spanning SC is also observed at input energy as low as $\sim$ 0.9 pJ. We show that the supercontinuum is more robust against variations of the input pulse parameters and is also spectrally flatter in our numerically optimized waveguide than in fixed-width waveguides. This research demonstrates the potential of dispersion varying waveguides for coherent SC generation and paves the way for integrated low power applications, such as chip-scale frequency comb generation, precision spectroscopy, optical frequency metrology, and wide-band wavelength division multiplexing in the near-infrared.
Classification of braids which give rise to interchange
Creators: name: Forcey, Stefan
name: Humes, Felita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D10; 18D20

description: It is well known that the existence of a braiding in a monoidal category V allows many structures to be built upon that foundation. These include a monoidal 2-category V-Cat of enriched categories and functors over V, a monoidal bicategory V-Mod of enriched categories and modules, a category of operads in V and a 2-fold monoidal category structure on V. We will begin by focusing our exposition on the first and last in this list due to their ability to shed light on a new question. We ask, given a braiding on V, what non-equal structures of a given kind in the list exist which are based upon the braiding. For instance, what non-equal monoidal structures are available on V-Cat, or what non-equal operad structures are available which base their associative structure on the braiding in V. We demonstrate alternative underlying braids that result in an infinite family of associative structures. The external and internal associativity diagrams in the axioms of a 2-fold monoidal category will provide us with several obstructions that can prevent a braid from underlying an associative structure.
description: Previous title: Equivalence of associative structures over a braiding. This journal ready version adds proof details involving the free braided category with duals
COMPARATIVE RENTS FOR FARMLAND AND TIMBERLAND IN A SUBREGION OF THE SOUTH
Creators: name: Hardie, Ian W.
name: Hardie, Ian W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This study compares equivalent annual rents for two alternative land uses in a region where farming and timber plantations coexist. The comparison is motivated by the possibility that rising timber prices may stimulate timber processors to compete for farmland. Prices, costs, and market rents are assumed to first follow existing trends and then to reach steady state values. Market rents are projected and capitalized for agriculture. Internal soil rents are capitalized for timber. The results show timber to have a comparative advantage on high fertility sites and suggest that timber might become a competitive land use at the intensive margin of the region's farmland base.
DEMAND INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG FRUIT BEVERAGES
Creators: name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: In this study, both the Rotterdam model and the double logarithmic model were used to estimate the demand parameters for fruit beverages. The results show that: (1) under the conditions of block-independence and predetermined price changes, the Slutsky matrix for fruit beverages is symmetric and negative definite; (2) own-price elasticity estimates from both models are about the same; and (3) income elasticity estimates and cross-product relationships from the two models are not compatible.
Coherent Solutions and Transition to Turbulence in Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard Convection
Creators: name: Kooloth, Parvathi
name: Sondak, David
name: Smith, Leslie M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection, classes of unstable, steady solutions were previously computed using numerical continuation (Waleffe, 2015; Sondak, 2015). The `primary' steady solution bifurcates from the conduction state at $Ra \approx 1708$, and has a characteristic aspect ratio (length/height) of approximately $2$. The primary solution corresponds to one pair of counterclockwise-clockwise convection rolls with a temperature updraft in between and an adjacent downdraft on the sides. By adjusting the horizontal length of the domain, (Waleffe, 2015; Sondak, 2015) also found steady, maximal heat transport solutions, with characteristic aspect ratio less than $2$ and decreasing with increasing $Ra$. Compared to the primary solutions, optimal heat transport solutions have modifications to boundary layer thickness, the horizontal length scale of the plume, and the structure of the downdrafts. The current study establishes a direct link between these (unstable) steady solutions and transition to turbulence for $Pr = 7$ and $Pr = 100$. For transitional values of $Ra$, the primary and optimal heat transport solutions both appear prominently in appropriately-sized sub-fields of the time-evolving temperature fields. For $Ra$ beyond transitional, our data analysis shows persistence of the primary solution for $Pr = 7$, while the optimal heat transport solutions are more easily detectable for $Pr = 100$. In both cases $Pr = 7$ and $Pr = 100$, the relative prevalence of primary and optimal solutions is consistent with the $Nu$ vs. $Ra$ scalings for the numerical data and the steady solutions.
description: 34 pages, 23 figures