cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PROMOTION OF URINARY CONTINENCE: NURSE DRIVEN EVIDENCE-BASED GUIDELINE FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE AMONG STROKE SURVIVORS
Creators: name: Abayomi J. Lawal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Urinary incontinence among stroke survivors in inpatient rehabilitation facilities is a significant healthcare challenge. Despite efforts by nurses to treat and manage urinary incontinence (UI) among stroke survivors, it remains a troublesome post-stroke sequela. One possible reason is that nurses may not be addressing the specific UI needs of the stroke survivor. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to improve continence among stroke survivors by developing and implementing an evidence-based guideline. The Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework was used to guide implementation and evaluation of the project. The Promotion of Urinary Continence (PUC) guideline was developed using accredited guidelines and expert opinion on the promotion of urinary continence. The PUC guideline was implemented following education to unit nursing staff and information to other key stakeholders (physicians, administrators, other clinicians). Patients with functional independence measures bladder scores (FIMBS) of ≤ 4 upon admission were compared before and after PUC guideline implementation. Each patient’s FIMBS change was calculated comparing admission and discharge score change. The results indicated a 31% increase in the post-PUC patients’ mean scores of FIMBS when compared with prePUC patients’ mean FIMBS. The post-PUC mean FIMBS was significantly increased from the pre-PUC mean FIMBS, t(2.32) = 81, p = .023. Therefore, the PUC guideline interventions resulted in 31% increase in the continence rate among stroke survivors over the three-month period of the project. The project also created awareness of the iv prevalence and incidence of UI among stroke survivors and appropriate measures to manage it. Biannual staff in-service education and integration of the PUC guideline into online charting will lead to sustainability of the project’s benefit to stroke survivor function.
An investigation of the effects of convergent/divergent teaching methods on the mathematical problem-solving abilities of grade ten students
Creators: name: Koe, Carryl Diane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: It was the purpose of this study to investigate the effects of convergent/divergent teaching methods on student performance on two mathematical problem solving tasks (routine/non-routine problems). A concurrent purpose was to investigate the interaction between the convergent/ divergent teaching methods and the thinking style (either convergent or divergent) of the learner. Four grade ten classes were randomly selected from the eleven academic mathematics classes in the secondary school involved in the study. Due to subject absenteeism a total of sixty-six subjects were used for the analyses. Each subject was given the Watson-Glaser Test of Critical Thinking (Form YM) and the Torrance test of Thinking Creatively With Words (Booklet A) to determine their level on the independent measures of convergent and divergent thinking, respectively. Each subject was taught by one teacher using one method for approximately two hours. The content of these lessons involved the Fibonacci Sequence and Pascal's Triangle. At the end of treatment, each subject received a test on the dependent measures Croutine/non-routine problems). Trained observers were used to ensure consistency of teaching method. Analysis of covariance using the regression model was performed with convergent/divergent thinking styles as the covariates. There was no significant difference between convergent teaching methods and divergent teaching methods (p ≤ 0.05). Convergent thinkers scored significantly higher than did divergent thinkers on both dependent measures. However, as convergent thinking is far more highly correlated with intelligence than is divergent thinking, this result may have been confounded by intelligence. Therefore, in further studies in this area, the variance in problem solving due to intelligence should be partialled out. Only one of eight interaction effects was significant (p ≤ 0.05). This suggested that non-divergent thinkers did better with convergent (as opposed to divergent) teaching methods and that non-convergent thinkers did better with divergent (as opposed to convergent) teaching methods. The lack of other significant interactions indicated that intelligence may have been a confounding effect in this study.
Relic Gravitational Waves And CMB Polarization In The Accelerating Universe
Creators: name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Xia, T. Y.
name: Er, X. Z.
name: Miao, H. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we briefly present our works on the relic gravitational waves (RGW) and the CMB polarization in the accelerating universe. The spectrum of RGW has been obtained, showing the influence of the dark energy. Compared with those from non-accelerating models, the shape of the spectrum is approximately similar, nevertheless, the amplitude of RGW now acquires a suppressing factor of the ratio of matter over dark energy $\propto Ω_m/Ω_Λ\sim 0.4$ over almost the whole range of frequencies. The RGW spectrum is then used as the source to calculate the spectra of CMB polarization. By a two half Gaussian function as an approximation to the visibility function during the photon decoupling, both the "electric" and "magnetic" spectra have been analytically derived, which are quite close to the numerical ones. Several physical elements that affect the spectra have been examined, such as the decoupling process, the inflation, the dark energy, the baryons, etc.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures,accepted by IJMPD, Vol 17, No.7 (2008) 1005-1123
Spin correlations in elastic $e^{+}e^{-}$ scattering in QED
Creators: name: Yongram, Nattapong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin correlations are carefully investigated in elastic $e^{+}e^{-}$ scattering in QED, for initially \textit{polarized} as well as \textit{unpolarized} particles, with emphasis placed on energy or speed of the underlying particles involved in the process. An explicit expression is derived for the corresponding transition probabilities in closed form to the leading order. These expressions are unlike the ones obtained from simply combining spins of the relevant particles which are of kinematic nature. It is remarkable that these explicit results obtained from quantum field theory show a clear violation of Bell's inequality at \textit{all} energies in support of quantum theory in the relativistic regime. We hope that our explicit expression obtained will lead to experiments in the manner described in the bulk of this paper by monitoring speed.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
TREATING PERSISTENT ACNE IN ADULT WOMEN IN THE ERA OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
Creators: name: Leslie, Daniela Moura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Problem: Most providers treat adult women with moderate to severe acne with oral antibiotics. Often a chronic condition, acne may require long-term management. Therefore, the potential for antibiotic resistance secondary to long term oral antibiotic use is a concern. Spironolactone (SPL), an anti-androgenic medication, is safe and effective in treating chronic acne without the risk of antibiotic resistance. Besides its safety in long-term use without the risk of antibiotic resistance, spironolactone can be a more costeffective alternative in the treatment of acne in adult women. Method: The purpose of this project was to disseminate evidence regarding acne management in adult women to nurse practitioners and other health care providers who treat patients affected. This was achieved through development of a manuscript, that if published, will enhance provider’s awareness and initiative to approach acne treatment in women with alternatives, such as spironolactone, to decrease antibiotic overuse and enhance antibiotic stewardship. Results: The manuscript was developed, reviewed by the project committee and submitted to The Clinical Advisor. Discussion: If the manuscript raises awareness of providers about new ways to think of acne management, these providers may educate their colleagues and patients, who in turn can share this information with their family and friends; all of these avenues iv may help reduce antibiotic resistance when acne management is done in a responsible manner. Recommendations: Education of providers and patients regarding antibiotic resistance and implementation of alternative acne treatments can achieve and maintain acne clearance while preserving antibiotic effects.
Absolute properties of the spotted eclipsing binary star CV Bootis
Creators: name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Vaz, Luiz Paulo R.
name: Lacy, Claud H. Sandberg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new V-band differential brightness measurements as well as new radial-velocity measurements of the detached, circular, 0.84-day period, double-lined eclipsing binary system CV Boo. These data along with other observations from the literature are combined to derive improved absolute dimensions of the stars for the purpose of testing various aspects of theoretical modeling. Despite complications from intrinsic variability we detect in the system, and despite the rapid rotation of the components, we are able to determine the absolute masses and radii to better than 1.3% and 2%, respectively. We obtain M(A) = 1.032 +/- 0.013 M(Sun) and R(B) = 1.262 +/- 0.023 R(Sun) for the hotter, larger, and more massive primary (star A), and M(B) = 0.968 +/- 0.012 M(Sun) and R(B) = 1.173 +/- 0.023 R(Sun) for the secondary. The estimated effective temperatures are 5760 +/- 150 K and 5670 +/- 150 K. The intrinsic variability with a period about 1% shorter than the orbital period is interpreted as being due to modulation by spots on one or both components. This implies that the spotted star(s) must be rotating faster than the synchronous rate, which disagrees with predictions from current tidal evolution models according to which both stars should be synchronized. We also find that the radius of the secondary is larger than expected from stellar evolution calculations by about 10%, a discrepancy also seen in other (mostly lower-mass and active) eclipsing binaries. We estimate the age of the system to be approximately 9 Gyr. Both components are near the end of their main-sequence phase, and the primary may have started the shell hydrogen-burning stage.
description: 17 pages in emulateapj format, including figures and tables. To appear in The Astronomical Journal
Why we should care about LATAM: on the EU's Protection and Promotion of Human Rights in Chile, Cuba, and Colombia
Creators: name: Geranastassis, Chryssa-Danae
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2024
Subjects: European Union
foreign policy
Latin America
human rights
postcolonialism
Chile
Cuba
Colombia

description: Second semester University: Panteion University, Athens
description: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the European Union (EU) has been successful in protecting and promoting human rights in Latin America, what could be improved, and why. The analysis begins with an examination of the general legal framework of EU foreign policy, including a brief explanation of the various instruments at the EU's disposal and their limitations. This is followed by a discussion of the EU's role in the international context, including in relation to Europe's colonial past and the notion of European values. The importance of the relationship between the two regions is then briefly analyzed. Next, three extensive case analyses are presented, discussing the EU's involvement in Chile, Cuba, and Colombia, all in the specific context of major human rights issues in these countries. The paper concludes that there is much to criticize in the various activities of the EU in Latin America, especially from a decolonial perspective and regarding the discrepancy between ethical and realist objectives. However, the diversity of the efforts made can be positively acknowledged and there is reason to believe that in the future there will be improvements and that the relationship between the two regions will be strengthened towards one of equal partners.
Vulnerability and robustness indices against blackouts in power grids
Creators: name: Formigli Rodriguez, Carlos Manuel <1976>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ING-INF/01 Elettronica

description: In this dissertation some novel indices for vulnerability and robustness assessment of power grids are presented. Such indices are mainly defined from the structure of transmission power grids, and with the aim of Blackout (BO) prevention and mitigation. Numerical experiments showing how they could be used alone or in coordination with pre-existing ones to reduce the effects of BOs are discussed.
These indices are introduced inside 3 different sujects:
The first subject is for taking a look into economical  aspects of grids’ operation and their effects in BO propagation. Basically, simulations support that: the determination to operate the grid in the most profitable way could produce an increase in the size or frequency of BOs. Conversely, some uneconomical ways of supplying energy are shown to be less affected by BO phenomena.
In the second subject new topological indices are devised  to address the question of "which are the best buses to place distributed generation?".
The combined use of two indices, is shown as a promising
alternative for extracting grid’s significant features  regarding robustness against BOs and distributed generation.
For this purpose, a new index based on outage shift factors is used along with a previously defined electric centrality index.
The third subject is on Static Robustness Analysis of electric networks, from a purely structural point of view.
A pair of existing topological indices, (namely degree index
and clustering coefficient), are combined to show how degradation of the network structure can be accelerated.
Blackout simulations were carried out using the DC Power Flow Method and models of transmission networks from the USA and Europe.
The role of mothers and firstborn female siblings in teaching and encouraging language skills
Creators: name: Thew, Carol
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Although mothers and siblings are prevalent sources of language for the learning child in Western cultures, their respective roles in influencing the rate or the course of language development have not been differentiated. Register analyses of siblings' speech have failed to discriminate between the linguistic input provided by siblings and by mothers. Using a speech act analysis of transcripts based on 19 hours of audiotapes and videotapes in a 2x2x2x2 mixed model design, this study discerned 28 significant differences (all p≤0.025) between mothers and firstborn female siblings (4-5 years old) as. conversational partners with 19 secondborn boys and 19 secondborn girls (2-3 years old) in playtime and puzzle sessions. The findings support the hypotheses that the mother-child interactions concentrate on language teaching and the demonstration of language learning, solidarity functions, and positive feedback, and that the sibling interactions are marked by a greater frequency of disagreements, prohibitions, indirect directives, and referential failure. Contrary to the stated hypotheses, mothers issued more orders and more negative corrections of truth value and behavior than the firstborn sisters. The findings indicate that there exist significant contrasts between mothers and firstborn female siblings as language socializers. The contrasts identified have considerable credence as major sources of variance in linguistic achievement. The study concludes that firstborn female preschool siblings are not as good as mothers in setting up optimal language-learning conditions for younger siblings.
Observation of polarized stochastic gravitational-wave background in pulsar-timing-array experiments
Creators: name: Chu, Yu-Kuang
name: Liu, Guo-Chin
name: Ng, Kin-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the observation of polarized stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) in pulsar-timing-array experiments. The time residual for an observed pulsar is formulated as a line-of-sight integral that incorporates the effects of the pulsar term, from which we construct the correlation function of the time residual between a pair of pulsars in terms of the overlap reduction functions (ORFs) for the SGWB intensity and polarization anisotropies. Our formulation provides a numerical scheme for computing the ORFs for high multipole moments and the lowest-moment ORFs for the SGWB linear polarization are worked out for the first time.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to PRD. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.01606
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the thermal effect in the Casimir interaction from graphene
Creators: name: Liu, M.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
name: Mohideen, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an experiment on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force between an Au-coated hollow glass microsphere and graphene-coated fused silica plate by means of a modified atomic force microscope cantilever based technique operated in the dynamic regime. These measurements were performed in high vacuum at room temperature. The energy gap and the concentration of impurities in the graphene sample used have been measured utilizing scanning tunnelling spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The measurement results for the gradients of the Casimir force are found to be in a very good agreement with theory using the polarization tensor of graphene at nonzero temperature depending on the energy gap and chemical potential with no fitting parameters. The theoretical predictions of the same theory at zero temperature are experimentally excluded over the measurement region from 250 to 517 nm. We have also investigated a dependence of the thermal correction to the Casimir force gradient on the values of the energy gap, chemical potential, and on the presence of a substrate supporting the graphene sheet. It is shown that the observed thermal effect is consistent in size with that arising for pristine graphene sheets if the impact of real conditions such as nonzero values of the energy gap, chemical potential, and the presence of a substrate is included. Implications of the obtained results to the resolution of the long-standing problems in Casimir physics are discussed. In addition to the paper published previously [M. Liu {\it et al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 126}, 206802 (2021)], we present measurement results for the energy gap of the graphene sample, double the experimental data for the Casimir force, and perform a more complete theoretical analysis.
description: 19 pages, 1 table, 9 figures; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency department attendances and acute medical admissions
Creators: name: Reschen, Michael E.
name: Bowen, Jordan
name: Novak, Alex
name: Giles, Matthew
name: Singh, Sudhir
name: Lasserson, Daniel
name: O’Callaghan, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information - Additional tables for ED and medical admissions comprising absolute numbers with proportions for age, ethnicity, deprivation status, Oxygen usage and NEWS2 score. Supplementary figure 1 primary diagnosis for medical admissions split into individual panels for each diagnosis.
Conditioning SLEs and loop erased random walks
Creators: name: Bauer, Michel
name: Bernard, Denis
name: Kennedy, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss properties of dipolar SLE(k) under conditioning. We show that k=2, which describes continuum limits of loop erased random walks, is characterized as being the only value of k such that dipolar SLE conditioned to stop on an interval coincides with dipolar SLE on that interval. We illustrate this property by computing a new bulk passage probability for SLE(2).
description: 25 pages, 1 figure
Self-modulation of cosmic rays in molecular clouds: Imprints in the radio observations
Creators: name: Dogiel, V. A.
name: Chernyshov, D. O.
name: Ivlev, A. V.
name: Kiselev, A. M.
name: Kopyev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze properties of non-thermal radio emission from the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) and individual molecular clouds, and argue that the observed features can be interpreted in the framework of our recent theory of self-modulation of cosmic rays (CRs) penetrating dense molecular regions. For clouds with gas column densities of $\sim10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$, the theory predicts depletion of sub-GeV CR electrons, occurring due to self-modulation of CR protons and leading to harder synchrotron spectra in the sub-GHz range. The predicted imprints of electron depletion in the synchrotron spectra agree well with the spectral hardening seen in available radio observations of the CMZ. A similar, but even stronger effect on the synchrotron emission is predicted for individual (denser) CMZ clouds, such as the Sgr B2. However, the emission at frequencies above $\sim$ GHz, where observational data are available, is completely dominated by the thermal component, and therefore new observations at lower frequencies are needed to verify the predictions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Queering the women, peace and security agenda enhancing LGBTQ+ perspectives in (en)gendering peace
Creators: name: Gill, Jessica
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2024
Subjects: homosexuality
transgender
transexual
intersexuality
peace
women
conflict
gender

description: Second semester University: University of Graz
description: The Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda has made notable progress in addressing the gendered impacts of conflict on women and girls. However, the experiences of lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer (LBTQ) women remain marginalised within its heteronormative framework. In conflicts around the world, LGBTQ+ people are systematically targeted due to their sexual orientation and gender identities, underscoring the urgent need to address the intersectional vulnerabilities of LBTQ women within the WPS framework. This thesis addresses a crucial gap in queer feminist peace research by evaluating the integration of LGBTQ+ perspectives into the WPS Agenda across its four pillars in Northern Ireland and Colombia. Through a case study with a two-countries approach and interviews with professionals in the fields of LGBTQ+ rights and peacebuilding, it is argued that queering the WPS agenda is essential to enhancing the inclusion of LGBTQ+ perspectives in peace and security initiatives. Findings from Northern Ireland and Colombia offer valuable insights into practical strategies and policy recommendations for advancing LGBTQ+ rights within the WPS framework. This thesis contributes to the literature by advocating for a more inclusive and responsive peacebuilding framework that reflects the intersectional realities of conflict-affected populations.
Quarkonia Measurements with STAR
Creators: name: Xu, Zhangbu
name: Ullrich, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results on quarkonium production from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). J/psi spectra in p+p and Cu+Cu collisions at sqrt(s) = 200 GeV with transverse momenta in the range of 0.5-14 GeV/c and 5-8 GeV/c, respectively, are presented. We find that for p_T > 5 GeV/c yields in p+p collisions are consistent with those in minimum-bias Cu+Cu collisions scaled with the respective number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. In this range the nuclear modification factor, R_AA, is measured to be 0.9+-0.2(stat). For the first time at RHIC, high-p_T J/psi-hadron correlations were studied in p+p collisions. Implications from our measurements on J/psi production mechanisms, constraints on open bottom yields, and J/psi dissociation mechanisms at high-p_T are discussed. In addition, we give a brief status of measurements of Upsilon production in p+p and Au+Au collisions and present projections of future quarkonia measurements based on an upgrades to the STAR detector and increased luminosity achieved through stochastic cooling of RHIC.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Prepared for 3rd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions (Hard Probes 2008), A Toxa, Spain, June 8-14, 2008
On the Dalitz plot analysis of the B --> K eta gamma decays
Creators: name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Pham, Tri-Nang
name: Košnik, Nejc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently B-factories have published new results on the $B \to K ηγ$ decays being inspired by the theoretical suggestion to search for new physics in $B \to P_1 P_2 γ$ decays. Using heavy meson chiral perturbation theory we find mechanism which governs the amplitude in parts of the Dalitz plot where either $K$ or $η$ mesons are soft. The dominant contributions in these cases are coming from the nonresonant decay modes. We discuss also $B \to K η' γ$ Dalitz plot. Our partially integrated rates are in agreement with the experimental findings.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Implementation of a Quantum Algorithm to Estimate the Energy of a Particle in a Finite Square Well Potential on IBM Quantum Computer
Creators: name: Shokri, Sina
name: Rafibakhsh, Shahnoosh
name: Pooshgan, Faezeh
name: Faeghi, Rita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we implement a quantum algorithm -on IBM quantum devices, IBM QASM simulator and PPRC computer cluster -to find the energy values of the ground state and the first excited state of a particle in a finite square-well potential. We use the quantum phase estimation technique and the iterative one to execute the program on PPRC cluster and IBM devices, respectively. Our results obtained from executing the quantum circuits on the IBM classical devices show that our circuits succeed at simulating the system. However, duo to scattered results, we execute only the iterative phase estimation part of the circuit on the 5 qubit quantum devices to reduce the circuit size and obtain low-scattered results.
Geometric-Phase-Effect Tunnel-Splitting Oscillations in Single-Molecule Magnets with Fourth-Order Anisotropy Induced by Orthorhombic Distortion
Creators: name: Foss-Feig, M. S.
name: Friedman, Jonathan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the interference between tunneling paths that occurs for a spin system with both fourth-order and second-order transverse anisotropy. Using an instanton approach, we find that as the strength of the second-order transverse anisotropy is increased, the tunnel splitting is modulated, with zeros occurring periodically. This effect results from the interference of four tunneling paths connecting easy-axis spin orientations and occurs in the absence of any magnetic field.
description: 6 pages, 5 eps figures. Version published in EPL. Expanded from v1: Appendix added, references added, 1 figure added, others modified cosmetically
Turbulent magneto-genesis in a collisionless plasma
Creators: name: Pucci, F.
name: Viviani, M.
name: Valentini, F.
name: Lapenta, G.
name: Matthaeus, W. H.
name: Servidio, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate an efficient mechanism for generating magnetic fields in turbulent, collisionless plasmas. By using fully kinetic, particle-in-cell simulations of an initially non-magnetized plasma, we inspect the genesis of magnetization, in a nonlinear regime. The complex motion is initiated via a Taylor-Green vortex, and the plasma locally develops strong electron temperature anisotropy, due to the strain tensor of the turbulent flow. Subsequently, in a domino effect, the anisotropy triggers a Weibel instability, localized in space. In such active wave-particle interaction regions, the magnetic field seed grows exponentially and spreads to larger scales due to the interaction with the underlying stirring motion. Such a self-feeding process might explain magneto-genesis in a variety of astrophysical plasmas, wherever turbulence is present.
Fossil Groups in the Millennium Simulation. Evolution of the Brightest Galaxies
Creators: name: Diaz-Gimenez, Eugenia
name: Muriel, Hernan
name: de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We create a catalogue of simulated fossil groups and study their properties, in particular the merging histories of their first-ranked galaxies. We compare the simulated fossil group properties with those of both simulated non-fossil and observed fossil groups. Using simulations and a mock galaxy catalogue, we searched for massive ($>$ 5 $\times$ 10$^{13} h^{-1} {\cal M}_\odot$) fossil groups in the Millennium Simulation Galaxy Catalogue. In addition, attempted to identify observed fossil groups in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 using identical selection criteria. Our predictions on the basis of the simulation data are:(a) fossil groups comprise about 5.5% of the total population of groups/clusters with masses larger than 5 x 10$^{13} h^{-1} {\cal M}_\odot$. This fraction is consistent with the fraction of fossil groups identified in the SDSS, after all observational biases have been taken into account; (b) about 88% of the dominant central objects in fossil groups are elliptical galaxies that have a median R-band absolute magnitude of $\sim -23.5-5 log h$, which is typical of the observed fossil groups known in the literature; (c)first-ranked galaxies of systems with $ {\cal M} >$ 5 x 10$^{13} h^{-1} {\cal M}_\odot$, regardless of whether they are either fossil or non-fossil, are mainly formed by gas-poor mergers; (d) although fossil groups, in general, assembled most of their virial masses at higher redshifts in comparison with non-fossil groups, first-ranked galaxies in fossil groups merged later, i.e. at lower redshifts, compared with their non-fossil-group counterparts. We therefore expect to observe a number of luminous galaxies in the centres of fossil groups that show signs of a recent major merger.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Influence of Charge Carrier Mobility on the Performance of Organic Solar Cells
Creators: name: Deibel, C.
name: Wagenpfahl, A.
name: Dyakonov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells based on donor--acceptor blends is governed by an interplay of polaron pair dissociation and bimolecular polaron recombination. Both processes are strongly dependent on the charge carrier mobility, the dissociation increasing with faster charge transport, with raised recombination losses at the same time. Using a macroscopic effective medium simulation, we calculate the optimum charge carrier mobility for the highest power conversion efficiency, for the first time accounting for injection barriers and a reduced Langevin-type recombination. An enhancement of the charge carrier mobility from $10^{-8}$m$^2$/Vs for state of the art polymer:fullerene solar cells to about $10^{-6}$m$^2$/Vs, which yields the maximum efficiency, corresponds to an improvement of only about 20% for the given parameter set.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures
Fire, flammability and grasses: does fire regime effect the grass-fire cycle in a northern Australian savanna?
Creators: name: Day-Smith, Merinda
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310302
subject: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)
classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410401
subject: Conservation and biodiversity
classificationCode: 410404
subject: Environmental management

description: Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Science to the School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
Hadronic Light-by-Light Contribution to Muon g-2: Status and Prospects
Creators: name: Prades, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review the recent calculations and present status of the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon g-2.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure. Invited talk at PHIPSI08, International Conference on e+e- collisions from Phi to Psi, April 7-10 2008, Frascati, Italy. v2: Wrong year in one reference
Variational and perturbative formulations of QM/MM free energy with mean-field embedding and its analytical gradients
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional quantum chemical solvation theories are based on the mean-field embedding approximation. That is, the electronic wavefunction is calculated in the presence of the mean field of the environment. In this paper a direct quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) analog of such a mean-field theory is formulated based on variational and perturbative frameworks. In the variational framework, an appropriate QM/MM free energy functional is defined and is minimized in terms of the trial wavefunction that best approximates the true QM wavefunction in a statistically averaged sense. Analytical free energy gradient is obtained, which takes the form of the gradient of effective QM energy calculated in the averaged MM potential. In the perturbative framework, the above variational procedure is shown to be equivalent with the first-order expansion of the QM energy (in the exact free energy expression) about the self-consistent reference field. This helps understand the relation between the variational procedure and the exact QM/MM free energy as well as existing QM/MM theories. Based on this, several ways are discussed for evaluating non-mean-field effects (i.e., statistical fluctuations of the QM wavefunction) that are neglected in the mean-field calculation. As an illustration, the method is applied to an SN2 Menshutkin reaction in water, NH3 + CH3CL -> NH3CH3^{+} + CL^{-}, for which free energy profiles are obtained at the HF, MP2, B3LYP, and BH&HLYP levels by integrating the free energy gradient. Non-mean-field effects are evaluated to be < 0.5 kcal/mol using a Gaussian fluctuation model for the environment, which suggests that those effects are rather small for the present reaction in water.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures. J.Chem.Phys. 129, 244104 (2008)
Integrable Rosochatius deformations of higher-order constrained flows and the soliton hierarchy with self-consistent sources
Creators: name: Yao, Yuqin
name: Zeng, Yunbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a systematic method to generalize the integrable Rosochatius deformations for finite dimensional integrable Hamiltonian systems to integrable Rosochatius deformations for infinite dimensional integrable equations. Infinite number of the integrable Rosochatius deformed higher-order constrained flows of some soliton hierarchies, which includes the generalized integrable H$\acute{e}$non-Heiles system, and the integrable Rosochatius deformations of the KdV hierarchy with self-consistent sources, of the AKNS hierarchy with self-consistent sources and of the mKdV hierarchy with self-consistent sources as well as their Lax representations are presented.
description: 18 pages. to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Gen
Cosmic Variation of Proton to Electron Mass Ratio with an interacting Higgs Scalar Field
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Soumya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss that it is quite possible to realize the smooth transition of the universe between a matter/radiation dominated deceleration and a dark energy dominated acceleration, even with a variation of proton-to-electron mass ratio. The variation is incorporated into the theory of gravity using a cosmological Higgs scalar field with a non-trivial self-interaction potential, leading to a varying Higgs vacuum expectation value (VEV). This matches well with the data from molecular absorption spectra of a series of Quasars. In comparison with late-time cosmology, an observational consistency is reached using a Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation and JLA+OHD+BAO data sets. We find that the pattern of variation is embedded within the evolving Equation of State (EOS) of the scalar Dark Energy/Matter components, but leaves negligible trace on the effective EOS of the system. We discuss three cases of scalar extended theory of gravity, (a) a minimally coupled scalar, (b) a non-minimally coupled scalar and (c) a generalized Brans-Dicke setup. We also give a toy model of a unified cosmic history from inflation to the present era and discuss how the Higg VEV might have changed as a function of look back time.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Detection of Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Spin in Observations and Simulations Using Marked Correlation Functions
Creators: name: Rutherford, Tomas H.
name: Croom, Scott M.
name: van de Sande, Jesse
name: Lagos, Claudia del P.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Brough, S.
name: Bryant, Julia J.
name: D'Eugenio, Francesco
name: Owers, Matt S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a kinematic morphology-density relation remains uncertain, and instead stellar mass appears the more dominant driver of galaxy kinematics. We investigate the dependence of the stellar spin parameter proxy $λ_{R_e}$ on environment using a marked cross-correlation method with data from the SAMI Galaxy Survey. Our sample contains 710 galaxies with spatially resolved stellar velocity and velocity dispersion measurements. By utilising the highly complete spectroscopic data from the GAMA survey, we calculate marked cross-correlation functions for SAMI galaxies using a pair count estimator and marks based on stellar mass and $λ_{R_e}$. We detect an anti-correlation of stellar kinematics with environment at the 3.2$σ$ level, such that galaxies with low $λ_{R_e}$ values are preferably located in denser galaxy environments. However, a significant correlation between stellar mass and environment is also found (correlation at 2.4$σ$), as found in previous works. We compare these results to mock-observations from the cosmological EAGLE simulations, where we find a similar significant $λ_{R_e}$ anti-correlation with environment, and a mass and environment correlation. We demonstrate that the environmental correlation of $λ_{R_e}$ is not caused by the mass-environment relation. The significant relationship between $λ_{R_e}$ and environment remains when we exclude slow rotators. The signals in SAMI and EAGLE are strongest on small scales (10-100 kpc) as expected from galaxy interactions and mergers. Our work demonstrates that the technique of marked correlation functions is an effective tool for detecting the relationship between $λ_{R_e}$ and environment.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted in to Astrophysical Journal
Observations of Time Delays in Gravitational Lenses from Intensity Fluctuations: The Coherence Function
Creators: name: Borra, Ermanno F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the spectrum of the fluctuations of the output current of the quadratic detector of a telescope can be used to find unresolved astronomical gravitational lenses and determine time delays between their image components. These time delays can be used for astronomical studies. The spatial correlation coefficient of a source is an important parameter that quantifies the loss of contrast, caused by the extendedness of the source, in the spectral modulation of the intensity fluctuations. This work shows that the correlation coefficient must not be evaluated at the frequency of observation, but must instead be evaluated at the much lower beat frequencies of the spectrum of the fluctuations. This opens up a powerful novel technique to find unresolved gravitational lenses and to study the lensing event and the source.
description: Novel powerful technique to study gravitational lenses. Accepted in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional file 1 of The importance of being integrative: a remarkable case of synonymy in the genus Viridiscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae)
Creators: name: Gąsiorek, Piotr
name: Vončina, Katarzyna
name: Nelson, Diane R.
name: Michalczyk, Łukasz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: SM.1 List of primers and PCR programs.
title: Optimizing Mobility on Demand Systems: Multiagent Reinforcement Learning Approaches to Order Assignment and Vehicle Guidance
Creators: name: Li, Jiyao
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation explores ways to improve Mobility on Demand (MoD) systems, which are services like ride-sharing and autonomous taxi systems. The main goal is to make these services more efficient and reliable, benefiting both passengers and drivers by better matching the number of available vehicles with the number of people needing rides.
For ride-sharing services, a new method called T-Balance helps match riders with drivers and guides empty taxis to areas where more people need rides. This reduces wait times for passengers and increases earnings for drivers. Another method, called GRL-HM, looks at how riders and drivers behave to further improve the system’s efficiency and fairness.
For autonomous taxi services, the dissertation introduces an advanced technique called Pr-DDQN to better plan routes for empty vehicles. This technique performs better than traditional methods, leading to higher customer satisfaction and shorter times for vehicles to get to passengers. A new framework is also proposed to improve how data is processed and how the system learns, making autonomous taxi services more efficient and scalable.
Overall, this research develops smarter ways to manage rides and vehicles in MoD systems, helping create more sustainable and user-friendly urban transportation solutions.
Private Attacks in Longest Chain Proof-of-stake Protocols with Single Secret Leader Elections
Creators: name: Azouvi, Sarah
name: Cappelletti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Single Secret Leader Elections have recently been proposed as an improved leader election mechanism for proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains. However, the security gain they provide has not been quantified. In this work, we present a comparison of PoS longest-chain protocols that are based on Single Secret Leader Elections (SSLE) - that elect exactly one leader per round - versus those based on Probabilistic Leader Elections (PLE) - where one leader is elected on expectation. Our analysis shows that when considering the private attack - the worst attack on longest-chain protocols - the security gained from using SSLE is substantial: the settlement time is decreased by roughly 25% for a 33% or 25% adversary. Furthermore, when considering grinding attacks, we find that the security threshold is increased by 10% (from 0.26 in the PLE case to 0.36 inthe SSLE case) and the settlement time is decreased by roughly 70% for a 20% adversary in the SSLE case.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 3rd ACM Conference on Advances in Financial Technologies
Identification of RF&MW microcalorimeter weak points by means of uncertainty analysis
Creators: name: Oberto, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microcalorimeters are used by National Metrology Institutes (NMI) for the realization of the Radiofrequency and Microwaves (RF&MW) primary power standard. Since they are not available on the market, NMIs have to design their own systems. It involves the design of complex mechanical structures and of low noise data acquisition systems. Resulting setups allow precision measurements of RF&MW power by applying difficult and time consuming measurement techniques. Weaknesses to be addressed in order to improve the performance, whether in the mechanical structure or in the data acquisition electronics, are not easy to identify. Anyway, they can be found by analyzing the microcalorimeter measurement uncertainty. In recent years, several improvements have been made on the INRIM (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Italy) coaxial microcalorimeter with the aim of making its operation more stable and to reduce the measurement uncertainty. Its weak points are here analyzed by means of a comprehensive uncertainty budget. Details are also given on how uncertainty contributions have been determined. The method here applied is general and can be conveniently used in many other fields or applications provided that the analytical model is known. It is useful while designing an experiment and/or a posteriori, to identify the parts of the apparatus and of the measurement set-up that need to be optimized.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables