cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Instances of Failures, Maintenance, and Repair in Smart Driving
Creators: name: Mitrea, Oana Stefana
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: The paper focuses on technology designers’ representations and discourses about advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). This issue has been empirically explored by means of seven in-depth interviews with academic experts in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Two main areas are investigated: 1) the meaning of advanced driver assistance and 2) the failures in intelligent driving and the consequent need to cope with them. The overall aim is to identify dominant views about the instances of “failing” and the possibilities for control, which are inscribed in the design processes of ADAS. One of the main findings concerns the designers’ emphasis on the continuous supervising, correction, and enhancement of human functioning as the core of driver assistance. According to this view, human senses, reactions and interactivity with technology turn into subjects of continuous supervision, prevention, correction, improvement and restriction – a sort of “real-time human maintenance and repair”.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
Active vs. Passive: A Comparison of Automata Learning Paradigms for Network Protocols
Creators: name: Aichernig, Bernhard K.
name: Muškardin, Edi
name: Pferscher, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Active automata learning became a popular tool for the behavioral analysis of communication protocols. The main advantage is that no manual modeling effort is required since a behavioral model is automatically inferred from a black-box system. However, several real-world applications of this technique show that the overhead for the establishment of an active interface might hamper the practical applicability. Our recent work on the active learning of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol found that the active interaction creates a bottleneck during learning. Considering the automata learning toolset, passive learning techniques appear as a promising solution since they do not require an active interface to the system under learning. Instead, models are learned based on a given data set. In this paper, we evaluate passive learning for two network protocols: BLE and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). Our results show that passive techniques can correctly learn with less data than required by active learning. However, a general random data generation for passive learning is more expensive compared to the costs of active learning.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181
Data for "CN: Verifying Systems C Code with Separation-Logic Refinement Types"
Creators: name: Pulte, Christopher
name: Makwana, Dhruv C.
name: Sewell, Thomas
name: Memarian, Kayvan
name: Sewell, Peter
name: Krishnaswami, Neel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This repository contains (links to) the data for the paper "CN: Verifying Systems C Code with Separation-Logic Refinement Types". The CN source code, as part of the Cerberus development https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7323274 The formalisation of key parts of the type system https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7323297 The formalisation of the pKVM buddy allocator https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7323343 The comparison of four tools (Frama-C, RefinedC, VeriFast, and CN) in the formalisation of the pKVM early allocator https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7323376
Towards Runtime Monitoring of Complex System Requirements for Autonomous Driving Functions
Creators: name: Grundt, Dominik
name: Köhne, Anna
name: Saxena, Ishan
name: Stemmer, Ralf
name: Westphal, Bernd
name: Möhlmann, Eike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous driving functions (ADFs) in public traffic have to comply with complex system requirements that are based on knowledge of experts from different disciplines, e.g., lawyers, safety experts, psychologists. In this paper, we present a research preview regarding the validation of ADFs with respect to such requirements. We investigate the suitability of Traffic Sequence Charts (TSCs) for the formalization of such requirements and present a concept for monitoring system compliance during validation runs. We find TSCs, with their intuitive visual syntax over symbols from the traffic domain, to be a promising choice for the collaborative formalization of such requirements. For an example TSC, we describe the construction of a runtime monitor according to our novel concept that exploits the separation of spatial and temporal aspects in TSCs, and successfully apply the monitor on exemplary runs. The monitor continuously provides verdicts at runtime, which is particularly beneficial in ADF validation, where validation runs are expensive. The next open research questions concern the generalization of our monitor construction, the identification of the limits of TSC monitorability, and the investigation of the monitor's performance in practical applications. Perspectively, TSC runtime monitoring could provide a useful technique in other emerging application areas such as AI training, safeguarding ADFs during operation, and gathering meaningful traffic data in the field.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181
Versatile low-Reynolds-number swimmer with three-dimensional maneuverability
Creators: name: Jalali, Mir Abbas
name: Alam, Mohammad-Reza
name: Mousavi, SeyyedHossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We design and simulate the motion of a new swimmer, the {\it Quadroar}, with three dimensional translation and reorientation capabilities in low Reynolds number conditions. The Quadroar is composed of an $\texttt{I}$-shaped frame whose body link is a simple linear actuator, and four disks that can rotate about the axes of flange links. The time symmetry is broken by a combination of disk rotations and the one-dimensional expansion/contraction of the body link. The Quadroar propels on forward and transverse straight lines and performs full three dimensional reorientation maneuvers, which enable it to swim along arbitrary trajectories. We find continuous operation modes that propel the swimmer on planar and three dimensional periodic and quasi-periodic orbits. Precessing quasi-periodic orbits consist of slow lingering phases with cardioid or multiloop turns followed by directional propulsive phases. Quasi-periodic orbits allow the swimmer to access large parts of its neighboring space without using complex control strategies. We also discuss the feasibility of fabricating a nano-scale Quadroar by photoactive molecular rotors.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, the version accepted for publication in Physical Review E
From Specification Models to Explanation Models: An Extraction and Refinement Process for Timed Automata
Creators: name: Schwammberger, Maike
name: Klös, Verena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous systems control many tasks in our daily lives. To increase trust in those systems and safety of the interaction between humans and autonomous systems, the system behaviour and reasons for autonomous decision should be explained to users, experts and public authorities. One way to provide such explanations is to use behavioural models to generate context- and user-specific explanations at run-time. However, this comes at the cost of higher modelling effort as additional models need to be constructed. In this paper, we propose a high-level process to extract such explanation models from system models, and to subsequently refine these towards specific users, explanation purposes and situations. By this, we enable the reuse of specification models for integrating self-explanation capabilities into systems. We showcase our approach using a running example from the autonomous driving domain.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181
Highly localized sensitivity to climate forcing drives endemic cholera in a megacity
Creators: name: King, A. A.
name: Yunus, M.
name: Faruque, A. S. G.
name: Reiner, R. C.
name: Emch, M.
name: Pascual, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The population dynamics of endemic cholera in urban environments—in particular interannual variation in the size and distribution of seasonal outbreaks—remain poorly understood and highly unpredictable. In part, this situation is due to the considerable demographic, socioeconomic, and environmental heterogeneity of large and growing urban centers. Despite this heterogeneity, the influence of climate variability on the population dynamics of infectious diseases is considered a large-scale, regional, phenomenon, and as such has been previously addressed for cholera only with temporal models that do not incorporate spatial structure. Here we show that a probabilistic spatial model can explain cholera dynamics in the megacity of Dhaka, Bangladesh, and afford a basis for cholera forecasts at lead times of 11 mo. Critically, we find that the action of climate variability (El Niño southern oscillation and flooding) is quite localized: There is a climate-sensitive urban core that acts to propagate risk to the rest of the city. The modeling framework presented here should be applicable to cholera in other cities, as well as to other infectious diseases in urban settings and other biological systems with spatiotemporal interactions.
Reassembling Repair: of Maintenance Routine, Botched Jobs, and Situated Inquiry
Creators: name: Strebel, Ignaz
name: Sormani, Philippe
name: Bovet, Alain
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: This paper draws upon a video ethnography of building care and makes this work available to an investigation of how “non human agency” is sustained in actual cases of repair and maintenance activities. Therefore, the paper homes in on a particular situation of maintenance work, bringing together a caretaker and a couple of tenants, regarding a low water pressure problem (LWPP) at the couple’s flat. The paper examines how the participants engage in a situated, temporally unfolding, collaborative and yet distributed inquiry regarding the encountered problem and its candidate solutions. Maintenance routine, in the course of the examined situation, appears to stand in an asymmetrical relationship with repair work due to a prior “botched job”, and the outlined video analysis demonstrates just how the involved participants establish, elaborate and, eventually, suspend this relationship. The expression “reassembling repair” encapsulates this moment of suspension, when the caretaker, upon the tenants’ final hint, indeed repairs the LWPP (by reassembling and removing its “root cause”), instead of sustaining his maintenance routine (to temper only the problem’s “symptoms”). In describing participants’ situated inquiry, their practical deliberations and its eventual denouement, the paper offers an apt opportunity to reflect upon socio-material approaches that simplify, simply invoke, or actually “neglect the situation” in favor of renewed epistemologies or generalized ontologies in Science and Technology Studies.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
Human medial gastrocnemius force-velocity behavior shifts with locomotion speed and gait
Creators: name: Sawicki, G. S.
name: Farris, D. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Humans walk and run over a wide range of speeds with remarkable efficiency. For steady locomotion, moving at different speeds requires the muscle–tendon units of the leg to modulate the amount of mechanical power the limb absorbs and outputs in each step. How individual muscles adapt their behavior to modulate limb power output has been examined using computer simulation and animal models, but has not been studied in vivo in humans. In this study, we used a combination of ultrasound imaging and motion analysis to examine how medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle–tendon unit behavior is adjusted to meet the varying mechanical demands of different locomotor speeds during walking and running in humans. The results highlighted key differences in MG fascicle-shortening velocity with both locomotor speed and gait. Fascicle-shortening velocity at the time of peak muscle force production increased with walking speed, impairing the ability of the muscle to produce high peak forces. Switching to a running gait at 2.0 m⋅s−1 caused fascicle shortening at the time of peak force production to shift to much slower velocities. This velocity shift facilitated a large increase in peak muscle force and an increase in MG power output. MG fascicle velocity may be a key factor that limits the speeds humans choose to walk at, and may explain the transition from walking to running. This finding is consistent with previous modeling studies.
Effective oscillator strength distributions of spherically symmetric atoms for calculating polarizabilities and long-range atom-atom interactions
Creators: name: Jiang, Jun
name: Mitroy, J.
name: Cheng, Yongjun
name: Bromley, M. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective oscillator strength distributions are systematically generated and tabulated for the alkali atoms, the alkaline-earth atoms, the alkaline-earth ions, the rare gases and some miscellaneous atoms. These effective distributions are used to compute the dipole, quadrupole and octupole static polarizabilities, and are then applied to the calculation of the dynamic polarizabilities at imaginary frequencies. These polarizabilities can be used to determine the long-range $C_6$, $C_8$ and $C_{10}$ atom-atom interactions for the dimers formed from any of these atoms and ions, and we present tables covering all of these combinations.
Mapping Availability and Access to Urban Public Space with Global Open Data (SDG Indicator 11.7.1)
Creators: name: Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 is "Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable." Prevalence of and access to public space is critical for achieving SDG 11. Aside from environmental benefits, public space can also help improve public health, bolster community, and encourage economic exchange. As one measure of progress, the UN has established SDG indicator 11.7.1 : "Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age, and persons with disabilities."
Public space comes in a variety of forms and can include parks, streets, sidewalks, markets, and playgrounds. SDG indicator 11.7.1 focuses on two types of public space:  streets and Open Public Space (OPS). Streets are defined as  "thoroughfares that are based inside urban areas, towns, cities, and neighborhoods most commonly lined with houses or buildings used by pedestrians or vehicles in order to go from one place to another in the city, interact, and earn a livelihood." OPS is defined as "any open piece of land that is undeveloped, or land with no buildings that is accessible to the public without charge, that provides recreational areas for residents, helping to enhance the beauty and environmental quality of neighborhoods." Examples of OPS include green public areas, parks, and community gardens. SDG indicator 11.7.1 aims to monitor both the prevalence of public space (roads and OPS) in an urban center, and community access to that urban center's OPS. Moreover, SDG indicator 11.7.1 can be considered as two sub-indicators: average share of public space in urban centers and access to OPS in urban centers.
This knowledge package includes resources related to the production of a data set presenting SDG indicator 11.7.1 for 8,873 urban centers across 180 countries, computed using global open data sources. Production of the data set was completed in support of the Population and Infrastructure on Our Human Planet project, part of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Human Planet Initiative (HPI).
The methodology employed was informed by the official UN SDG Indicator metadata acquired from the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

Indicator 11.7.1: Average share of the built-up area of cities that is open space for public use for all, by sex, age and persons with disabilities (version updated 2021-03-01)
Advising Autonomous Cars about the Rules of the Road
Creators: name: Collenette, Joe
name: Dennis, Louise A.
name: Fisher, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes (R)ules (o)f (T)he (R)oad (A)dvisor, an agent that provides recommended and possible actions to be generated from a set of human-level rules. We describe the architecture and design of RoTRA, both formally and with an example. Specifically, we use RoTRA to formalise and implement the UK "Rules of the Road", and describe how this can be incorporated into autonomous cars such that they can reason internally about obeying the rules of the road. In addition, the possible actions generated are annotated to indicate whether the rules state that the action must be taken or that they only recommend that the action should be taken, as per the UK Highway Code (Rules of The Road). The benefits of utilising this system include being able to adapt to different regulations in different jurisdictions; allowing clear traceability from rules to behaviour, and providing an external automated accountability mechanism that can check whether the rules were obeyed in some given situation. A simulation of an autonomous car shows, via a concrete example, how trust can be built by putting the autonomous vehicle through a number of scenarios which test the car's ability to obey the rules of the road. Autonomous cars that incorporate this system are able to ensure that they are obeying the rules of the road and external (legal or regulatory) bodies can verify that this is the case, without the vehicle or its manufacturer having to expose their source code or make their working transparent, thus allowing greater trust between car companies, jurisdictions, and the general public.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181
Identification of human neutralizing antibodies that bind to complex epitopes on dengue virions
Creators: name: Smith, S. A.
name: Crowe, J. E.
name: de Alwis, R.
name: Diamond, M. S.
name: Wahala, W. M. P. B.
name: Huynh, J. P.
name: White, L. J.
name: Olivarez, N. P.
name: Messer, W. B.
name: Baric, R. S.
name: de Silva, A. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is spreading at an unprecedented rate and has developed into a major health and economic burden in over 50 countries. Even though infected individuals develop potent and long-lasting serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies (Abs), the epitopes engaged by human neutralizing Abs have not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that the dengue virus (DENV)-specific serum Ab response in humans consists of a large fraction of cross-reactive, poorly neutralizing Abs and a small fraction of serotype-specific, potently inhibitory Abs. Although many mouse-generated, strongly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognize epitopes that are present on recombinant DENV envelope (E) proteins, unexpectedly, the majority of neutralizing Abs in human immune sera bound to intact virions but not to the ectodomain of purified soluble E proteins. These conclusions with polyclonal Abs were confirmed with newly generated human mAbs derived from DENV-immune individuals. Two of three strongly neutralizing human mAbs bound to E protein epitopes that were preserved on the virion but not on recombinant E (rE) protein. We propose that humans produce Abs that neutralize DENV infection by binding a complex, quaternary structure epitope that is expressed only when E proteins are assembled on a virus particle. Mapping studies indicate that this epitope has a footprint that spans adjacent E protein dimers and includes residues at the hinge between domains I and II of E protein. These results have significant implications for the DENV Ab and vaccine field.
GO_22, files from linear-scaling DFT and non-bonded parameters calculations
Creators: name: Pinto, Alexandre V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Coordinates, topology, electron density cube file and files from Chargemol analysis for GO_22 obtained through Linear-Scaling Calculations in CP2K (check https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06037)
Vulnerability Tests. Matters of “Care for Matter” in E-waste Practices
Creators: name: Sánchez Criado, Tomás
name: Callén, Blanca
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: In this paper we will think ethnographically about how material vulnerability is dealt with and conceived of in the practice of informal menders. We explore different practices to “care for matter”, mobilized in dealing with obsolete computers, categorized as electronic waste, and will analyse the epistemic repertoires to acknowledge and intervene in such computers vulnerabilities. In dialogue with STS and Repair and Maintenance Studies literature, we will move from vulnerability as an ontological quality of the world to the enacted properties and epistemic repertoires emerging from concrete “tests”, through which we might learn how vulnerability matters. In particular, we pay attention to three specific vulnerability tests performed by these informal menders, underpinning particular distributions of labour as well as concrete enactments of vulnerability, and how to make it matter. Namely, sensing matter: manipulative practices of electronic waste whereby vulnerability is enacted as a property of materials; setting up informal experiments: informal practices of trial and error whereby vulnerability appears as a result of dis/functioning technical systems; and intervening in obsolescence: whereby sociomaterial orders regulate how material vulnerabilities are redistributed and put to the test.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
Mapping Rural Access to Roads (RAI) with Global Open Data
Creators: name: Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Sustainable Development Goals
Open Data
SDG 9
Roads

description: Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9 aims to "build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation." Addressing inadequate access to roads, especially in rural areas, is critical to achieving SDG 9. Sustainable transportation helps to eliminate poverty, promote food security, improve access to key health services, increase trade competitiveness, and bolster human rights. As one measure of progress, the UN has established SDG indicator 9.1.1: "Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road." This indicator is commonly known as the Rural Access Index (RAI).
This knowledge package includes resources related to the production of a data set presenting the RAI for 209 countries and 45,162 administrative level 2 subnational units, computed using global open data sources. Production of the data set was completed in support of the Population and Infrastructure on Our Human Planet project, part of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Human Planet Initiative (HPI).
The methodology employed was informed by the official UN SDG indicator metadata acquired from the SDG Indicators Metadata Repository.

Indicator 9.1.1: Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road (version updated 2020-09-01)
Towards a Digital Highway Code using Formal Modelling and Verification of Timed Automata
Creators: name: Alves, Gleifer Vaz
name: Schwammberger, Maike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the challenges in designing safe, reliable and trustworthy Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is to ensure that the AVs abide by traffic rules. For this, the AVs need to be able to understand and reason about traffic rules. In previous work, we introduce the spatial traffic logic USL-TR to allow for the unambiguous, machine-readable, formalisation of traffic rules. This is only the first step towards autonomous traffic agents that verifiably follow traffic rules. In this research preview, we focus on two further steps: a) retrieving behaviour diagrams directly from traffic rules and b) converting the behaviour diagrams into timed automata that are using formulae of USL-TR in guards and invariants. With this, we have a formal representation for traffic rules and can move towards the establishment of a Digital Highway Code. We briefly envision further steps which include adding environment and agent models to the timed automata to finally implement and verify these traffic rule models using a selection of formal verification tools.
description: In Proceedings FMAS2022 ASYDE2022, arXiv:2209.13181
A nonlocal polarization interferometer for entanglement detection
Creators: name: Williams, Brian P.
name: Humble, Travis S.
name: Grice, Warren P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a nonlocal interferometer capable of detecting entanglement and identifying Bell states statistically. This is possible due to the interferometer's unique correlation dependence on the anti-diagonal elements of the density matrix, which have distinct bounds for separable states and unique values for the four Bell states. The interferometer consists of two spatially separated balanced Mach-Zehnder or Sagnac interferometers that share a polarization entangled source. Correlations between these interferometers exhibit non-local interference, while single photon interference is suppressed. This interferometer also allows for a unique version of the CHSH-Bell test where the local reality is the photon polarization. We present the relevant theory and experimental results.
Identifying mechanism-of-action targets for drugs and probes
Creators: name: Roth, B. L.
name: Irwin, J. J.
name: Setola, V.
name: Lounkine, E.
name: Marnett, L.
name: Crews, B. A.
name: Shoichet, B. K.
name: Hert, J.
name: Gregori-Puigjane, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Notwithstanding their key roles in therapy and as biological probes, 7% of approved drugs are purported to have no known primary target, and up to 18% lack a well-defined mechanism of action. Using a chemoinformatics approach, we sought to “de-orphanize” drugs that lack primary targets. Surprisingly, targets could be easily predicted for many: Whereas these targets were not known to us nor to the common databases, most could be confirmed by literature search, leaving only 13 Food and Drug Administration—approved drugs with unknown targets; the number of drugs without molecular targets likely is far fewer than reported. The number of worldwide drugs without reasonable molecular targets similarly dropped, from 352 (25%) to 44 (4%). Nevertheless, there remained at least seven drugs for which reasonable mechanism-of-action targets were unknown but could be predicted, including the antitussives clemastine, cloperastine, and nepinalone; the antiemetic benzquinamide; the muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine; the analgesic nefopam; and the immunomodulator lobenzarit. For each, predicted targets were confirmed experimentally, with affinities within their physiological concentration ranges. Turning this question on its head, we next asked which drugs were specific enough to act as chemical probes. Over 100 drugs met the standard criteria for probes, and 40 did so by more stringent criteria. A chemical information approach to drug-target association can guide therapeutic development and reveal applications to probe biology, a focus of much current interest.
title: The effects of exogenous testosterone on sexual risk-taking in men
Creators: name: Norman, Rachel E.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Research aimed at predicting sexually risky behaviour (SRB) has primarily focused on socio-demographic, psychological, and behavioural factors. Hence, biological predictors of SRB, such as androgen hormones, are not well understood. Evidence demonstrates that testosterone (T) can modulate traits associated with risk-taking, yet questions remain about its impact on SRB. The objective of the present study was to address this research gap by examining the causal role of a single dose of T on social, cognitive, and affective processes involved in men’s intention to engage in unprotected casual sex. In this experiment, healthy young men (n = 110, Mage = 23.3, SD = 5.1) were administered T or placebo and asked to imagine a scenario in which they could engage in unprotected sex. The extent to which individual differences in sociosexual orientation moderated the relationship between T and SRB-related constructs was also analyzed. Results indicated no difference in SRB-related constructs as a function of drug condition. Sociosexual orientation did not moderate the effect of T on SRB. Post-hoc exploratory analyses revealed that single men had more positive cognitive attitudes towards the risky sexual encounter than paired men when on placebo, but not on T. Paired men displayed more perceived control than single men when on placebo, but not on T, and paired men showed less sexual arousal on placebo than on T. This experiment is the first of its kind and the findings build upon a growing body of evidence demonstrating exogenous T can modulate human processes implicated in risk-taking propensity.
Maintenance & Repair in Science and Technology Studies
Creators: name: Denis, Jérôme
name: Mongili, Alessandro
name: Pontille, David
Publisher: name: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies
Year: 2016

description: Notably taking root in the first laboratory ethnography studies and in the interactionist sociology of work, several studies have recently provided an in-depth account of maintenance and repair work in very different sites (workplaces, urban settings, homes). They have provided great insights to not only reconsider largely invisible operations, but also to pursue the discussion of issues such as innovation, ordering processes and materiality in Science and Technology Studies. In this introduction, we focus on two topics of discussion. First, we show how maintenance and repair studies expand our understanding of sociomaterial work and object agency. Second, we highlight reasons for exploring maintenance and repair practices to challenge and decenter innovation studies.
description: Tecnoscienza – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2015): Tecnoscienza Nr. 12
Scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Coulson, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 520304
subject: Health psychology

description: Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to identify and describe the characteristics and benefits of online health communities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease.Introduction: The proliferation of online health communities has created new opportunities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease to come together for the purposes of mutual social, emotional, and informational support.Inclusion criteria: This review will consider peer-reviewed studies in any language which employs a quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods design to explore online health communities for individuals affected by chronic kidney disease. Conference abstracts, editorials, reviews, and opinion papers will be excluded.Methods: This review will be undertaken in accordance with the methodology outlined by JBI and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. The following databases will be searched for eligible studies: Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, Embase, Medline (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid) and Web of Science. After duplicates removed, two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts from studies that meet the inclusion criteria and review eligible studies at full text. Data will be extracted using a tool developed by the reviewers, and presented in tabular format, accompanied by a narrative summary describing how the findings relate to the aims of the scoping review objective and questions.
The Exhaustion Doctrine and Genetic Use Restriction Technologies: A Look at Bowman v Monsanto
Creators: name: Lai, Jessica
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The relationship between intellectual property rights and technologies used to protect such rights has been gaining more and more attention in recent years. This has mostly been in the field of copyright and digital rights management technologies (DRMs). However, challenges raised by certain biotechnologies and their inherent reproductive nature have caused patent and plant variety right (PVR) owners to similarly create genetic use restriction technologies (GURTs) to protect their rights. Arguments analogous to those raised in the copyright arena have been made that GURTs exceed the rights of patentees and PVR owners, and prevent permitted uses from being undertaken. This article discusses these arguments in light of recent case law on the exhaustion doctrine, exactly what it is that GURTs do and the permitted uses in patent and PVR law. It concludes that the US Supreme Court decision Monsanto v Bowman, along with the nature of GURTs, the patent specification and the limited exceptions to patent infringement, mean that GURTs actually fit well with patent law and policy. However, the same cannot be said about GURTs used to protect PVRs, due to the different standards for registration and more extensive exceptions to infringement.
Immediate antiviral therapy appears to restrict resting CD4+ cell HIV-1 infection without accelerating the decay of latent infection
Creators: name: Kuruc, J. D.
name: Cohen, M. S.
name: Coffin, J. M.
name: Wiegand, A.
name: Vaidya, N. K.
name: Margolis, D. M.
name: Kearney, M. F.
name: Liberty, A. L.
name: Gay, C. L.
name: Archin, N. M.
name: Bosch, R. J.
name: Eron, J. J.
name: Perelson, A. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: HIV type 1 (HIV-1) persists within resting CD4+ T cells despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). To better understand the kinetics by which resting cell infection (RCI) is established, we developed a mathematical model that accurately predicts (r = 0.65, P = 2.5 × 10−4) the initial frequency of RCI measured about 1 year postinfection, based on the time of ART initiation and the dynamic changes in viremia and CD4+ T cells. In the largest cohort of patients treated during acute seronegative HIV infection (AHI) in whom RCI has been stringently quantified, we found that early ART reduced the generation of latently infected cells. Although RCI declined after the first year of ART in most acutely infected patients, there was a striking absence of decline when initial RCI frequency was less than 0.5 per million. Notably, low-level viremia was observed more frequently as RCI increased. Together these observations suggest that (i) the degree of RCI is directly related to the availability of CD4+ T cells susceptible to HIV, whether viremia is controlled by the immune response and/or ART; and (ii) that two pools of infected resting CD4+ T cells exist, namely, less stable cells, observable in patients in whom viremia is not well controlled in early infection, and extremely stable cells that are established despite early ART. These findings reinforce and extend the concept that new approaches will be needed to eradicate HIV infection, and, in particular, highlight the need to target the extremely small but universal, long-lived latent reservoir.
GEOGloWS - ECMWF Streamflow Model
Creators: name: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMW)
name: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
name: Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES)
name: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
name: Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI)
name: Brigham Young University (BYU)
name: Work Bank (WB)
name: United States Agency For International Development (USAID)
name: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)
name: Copernicus
name: Joint Research Centre (JRC)
name: Aquaveo, LLC
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022

description: The GEOGloWS ECMWF Streamflow Model is a Hydrologic Model which provides forecasted and historically simulated river discharge. The model is built so that it can be accessed through web services, an approach we call Hydrologic Modeling as a Service (HMaaS). This approach centralizes the cyber-infrastructure, human capacity, and other components of hydrological modeling using the best meteorology and expertise from ECMWF, along with the latest advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It is a reliable hydrological forecast information service, a disruptive technology that moves away from needing to replicate the modelling process, duplicate the underlying geographic and meteorology data, and provide computer, human, and financial resources locally.
The GEOGloWS global streamflow forecasting service allows local stakeholders to focus on solving water management problems such as flooding, drought, and water/food security issues by providing the water intelligence they need to make decisions. It also benefits the global economy by providing water intelligence to sectors that need to make high-risk investment decisions such as the insurance and reinsurance industries.
GEOGloWS helps to organize the international community engaged in the hydrologic sciences, observations, and forecasting. It provides a forum for government-to-government collaboration, and engagement with the academic and private sectors to achieve the delivery of actionable water information. Since the formal creation of the initiative in 2017, the most significant element of GEOGloWS has been the application of Earth Observations (EO) to create a system that forecasts flow on every river of the world while also providing a 40+ year simulated historical flow. This system is called the GEOGLoWS ECMWF Streamflow Services.
For more information about the GEOGloWS, please refer to the documentation: https://training.geoglows.org/en/latest/content/streamflow-model/model-components.html
A video describing the GEOGloWS Streamflow Model is also available on YouTube (https://youtu.be/j-RLPVJ_v_0).
Pinned interface dipole-induced tunneling electroresistance in ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Wu, Yin-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the structure predicted in a ferroelectric tunnel junction in the resent density functional theory study, we investigate the electron transport through the FTJ with asymmetric interfaces, i.e., one interface dipole is pinned and the other interface dipole is switchable. Tuneling electroresistance can be induced due to the nonswitchable interface dipole in FTJs with symmetric electrodes. Compared with the dependence relationship between TER and the polarization of switchable interface, TER is not sensitive to the variation of the polarization of pinned interface. A large TER can be achieved when the pinned polarization points to the ferroelectric film and low interface dielectric constants. In addition, effect of electrode on TER in the structure is also discussed.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
OGC Disaster Pilot: User Readiness Guide
Creators: name: Lavender
name: Lavander, Samantha
Publisher: name: GEO Knowledge Hub
Year: 2022
Subjects: Disasters
Natural Hazards
Landslides
Health
Analysis Ready Data
Decision Ready Information
Flood
Indicators
Emergency Response
Pandemic
OGC document
User Readiness Guide

description: This User Guide describes how the solution works, how users can be part of it, and showcases what can be achieved if everyone is willing to work together and share data and knowledge to improve the information available to those responding to a disaster 
Improving the ability of key disaster decision makers and responders to discover, manage, access, transform, share, and exploit location-based and Earth Observation (EO) information will enhance decision making and save lives. The full ambition of the OGC Disaster Pilot 2021 (termed Pilot) is to have such data available within the 'golden hour' of the disaster – the first sixty minutes — which is the key time for affecting the future outcomes of the overall response. To deliver on such an ambition requires the use of multiple technologies underpinned by pre agreed standards that would establish a robust solution with no single point of weakness, and enable a rapid deployment when a disaster occurs. The Pilot has focused on developing a number of prototypes to demonstrate how a solution could be established to help users find disaster-relevant data with a particular focus on EO data, process it to develop analysis ready datasets that are easily sharable, use these datasets to create decision ready indicators to improve the amount and speed of data-driven decisions, and to provide tools to visualize, communicate and collaborate with everyone involved in the disaster response. 
The Pilot has used three Case Studies to demonstrate what is possible, each with a different disaster focus, these are:

Landslide, flooding and pandemic impacts within the Rimac and Piura river basins in Peru.
Flooding hazards and pandemic impacts within the Red River basin in Manitoba, Canada.
Integration of Health and Earth Observation data and services for pandemic response in Louisiana in the United States.
Terminologies related to beef eating quality from existing databases
Creators: name: Barro, Amanda G. Barro
name: Barrenetxe, Kizkitza
name: Kombolo, Moise
name: Ellies-Oury, Marie P
name: Hocquette, Jean F Hocquette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Consumer demand for quality has increased with the diversification of the meat industry. Improving meat quality prediction is essential for this sector. In this sense, the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) methodology has been proven to be robust and effective. MSA is an innovative system for grading beef quality based on the prediction of beef eating quality [1]. For the implementation of this complex system, standardization of definitions is essential. The lack of consensus around shared definitions can have an impact on research, particularly for predictive biology approaches [2]. Ontologies can help in this process by facilitating communication between the different sectors in the supply chain [3]. Therefore, it is essential to analyze existing information to identify knowledge gaps. Collecting this preliminary information is a critical step to ensure the relevance and quality of the ontology that will be developed later. The objective was to identify and analyze pertinent terms associated with the quality of beef for consumption currently available in ontologies and terminological materials.
Infection of Epstein-Barr virus in a gastric carcinoma cell line induces anchorage independence and global changes in gene expression
Creators: name: Raab-Traub, N.
name: Shair, K. H. Y.
name: Marquitz, A. R.
name: Mathur, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Latent infection of EBV is linked to the development of multiple cancers that have distinct patterns of expression of viral proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we show that in vitro infection of a gastric epithelial cell line with EBV alters growth properties and induces growth in soft agar. The infected cells have high levels of expression of a large cluster of viral miRNAs, [the BamHI A rightward transcript (BART) miRNAs] and limited viral protein expression. Expression profile microarray analysis of this cell line revealed a large number of changes in cellular expression, with decreased expression of many genes. Inhibition of the trace-expressed levels of the viral oncoprotein, latent membrane protein 1, did not affect growth or alter the pattern of cellular expression. The expression changes are highly enriched for genes involved in cell motility and transformation pathways, suggesting these changes are important for the altered growth phenotype. Importantly, the transcripts decreased by microarray are significantly enriched in both experimentally and bioinformatically predicted BART miRNA targets. The absence of viral protein expression and the enrichment for viral miRNA targets in the modulated cell genes suggest that the BART miRNAs are major contributors to the transformed growth properties of the EBV-infected cells. The ability to affect cell growth through miRNA expression without viral protein expression would be a major factor in the development of cancer in individuals with functional immune systems.
title: Impacts of climate change on shallow and shelf subtidal habitats
Creators: name: Birchenough, Silvana N.R.
name: Bremner, Julie
name: Henderson, Peter
name: Hinz, Hilmar
name: Jenkins, Stuart
name: Mieszkowska, Nova
name: Roberts, J. Murray
name: Kamenos, Nicholas A.
name: Plenty, Shaun
Publisher: name: Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP), Lowestoft, UK
Year: 2013

description: MCCIP Science Review 2013, 193-203