Canis lupus Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: W. Christopher Wozencraft
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis lupus

description: <i>Canis lupus</i> Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:39. TYPE LOCALITY: "Europae sylvis, etjam frigidioribus", restricted by Thomas (1911a) to " Sweden ". DISTRIBUTION: Throughout the N hemisphere: North America south to 20°N in Oaxaca (Mexico); Europe; Asia, including the Arabian Peninsula and Japan, excluding Indochina and S India. Extirpated from most of the continental USA, Europe, and SE China and Indochina (Ginsberg and Macdonald, 1990). STATUS: CITES - Appendix I (Indian, Pakistan, Bhutan, and Nepal populations); otherwise Appendix II. U.S. ESA - Endangered in the USA (48 conterminous States, except Minnesota) and Mexico; Threatened in Minnesota (USA). IUCN - Vulnerable. SYNONYMS: <i>albus</i> Kerr, 1792; <i>alces</i> Goldman, 1941; <i>altaicus</i> Noak, 1911; <i>arabs</i> Pocock, 1934; <i>arctos</i> Pocock, 1935; <i>argunensis</i> Dybowski, 1922; <i>ater</i> Richardson, 1839; <i>baileyi</i> Nelson and Goldman, 1929; <i>banksianus</i> Anderson, 1943; <i>beothucus</i> G. M. Allen and Barbour, 1937; <i>bernardi</i> Anderson, 1943; <i>campestris</i> Dwigubski, 1804; <i>canadensis</i> de Blainville, 1843; <i>canus</i> de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; <i>chanco</i> Gray, 1863; <i>columbianus</i> Goldman, 1941; <i>communis</i> Dwigubski, 1804; <i>coreanus</i> Abe, 1923; <i>crassodon</i> Halla, 1932; <i>cubanensis</i> Ognev, 1923; <i>deitanus</i> Cabrera, 1907; <i>desertorum</i> Bogdanov, 1992; <i>dybowskii</i> Kerr, 1792; <i>ekloni</i> Przewalski, <i>1883;</i> <i>familiaris</i> Linnaeus, 1758; <i>filchneri</i> Matschie, 1908; <i>flavus</i> Kerr, 1792; <i>fulvus</i> de Sélys Longchamps, 1839; <i>fusca</i> Richardson, 1839; <i>gigas</i> Townsend, 1850; <i>griseoalbus</i> Baird, 1858; <i>hattai</i> Kishida, 1931; <i>hodophilax</i> Temminck, 1839; <i>hudsonicus</i> Goldman, 1941; <i>irremotus</i> Goldman, 1937; <i>italicus</i> Altobello, 1921; <i>japonicus</i> Nehring, 1883; <i>kamtschaticus</i> Dybowski, 1922; <i>karanorensis</i> Matschie, 1908; <i>knightii</i> Anderson, 1947; <i>kurjak</i> Bolkay, 1925; <i>labradorius</i> Goldman, 1937; <i>laniger</i> Hodgson, 1847; <i>ligoni</i> Goldman, 1937; <i>lupus-griseus</i> Sabine, 1823; <i>lycaon</i> Schreberrt, 1775; <i>mackenzii</i> Anderson, 1943; <i>major</i> Ogérien, 1863; <i>manningi</i> Anderson, 1943; <i>minor</i> Ogérien, 1863; <i>mogollonensis</i> Goldman, 1937; <i>monstrabilis</i> Goldman, 1937; <i>nubilus</i> Say, 1823; <i>occidentalis</i> Richardson, 1829; <i>orientalis</i> Wagner, 1841; <i>orion</i> Pocock, 1935; <i>pallipes</i> Sykes, 1831; <i>pambasileus</i> Elliot, 1905; <i>rex</i> Pocock, 1935; <i>signatus</i> Cabrera, 1907; <i>sticte</i> Richardson, 1839; <i>tschiliensis</i> Matschie, 1908; <i>tundrarum</i> Miller, 1912; <i>turuchanensis</i> Ognev, 1923; <i>ungavensis</i> Comeau, 1940; <i>variabilis</i> Say, 1823; <i>youngi</i> Goldman, 1937. COMMENTS: Reviewed by Meeh (1974, Mammalian Species, 37). <i>C. familiaris</i> has page priority over C. <i>lupus</i> in Linnaeus (1758), but both were published simultaneously, and C. <i>lupus</i> has been universally used for this species.
description: Published as part of <i>W. Christopher Wozencraft, 1993, Order Carnivora, pp. 279-348 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press</i> on pages 280-281, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7359191
description: {"references": ["Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158.", "Ginsberg, J. R., and D. W. Macdonald. 1990. Foxes, wolves, jackals, and dogs: An action plan for the conservation of canids. I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland, 116 pp.", "Kerr, R. 1792. The animal kingdom, or zoological system, of the celebrated Sir Charles Linnaeus; class I: Mammalia. London, J. Murray &amp; R. Faulder, 664 pp.", "Nelson, E. W., and E. A. Goldman. 1929. Four new pocket gophers of the genus Heterogeomys from Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 42: 147 - 152.", "Anderson, R. M., and A. L. Rand. 1943. Variation in the porcupine (Genus Erethizon) in Canada. Canadian Journal of Research, section D, 21: 292 - 309.", "Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.", "Goldman, E. A. 1937. The wolves of North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 37 - 45.", "Anderson, R. M. 1947. Catalogue of Canadian Recent mammals. National Museum of Canada Bulletin, Biological Series, 102: 1 - 238.", "Elliot, D. G. 1905. A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas. Field Columbian Museum, Publication 105, Zoological Series, 6: 1 - 761."]}