Macrostemum brasiliense Fischer 1970
Creators: name: França, Diogo
name: Paprocki, Henrique
name: Calor, Adolfo R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydropsychidae
Macrostemum
Macrostemum brasiliense

description: Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer 1970)
Figs. 5, 6
Phryganea maculata Perty 1833: 129 [type locality: Brazil, inter St. Pauli civitatem et Villam riccam; ZSM; ♂]. Macronema tuberosum Ulmer 1905a: 82, 83 [type locality: Brazil, Bahia; NMW; ♂; wings]; Ulmer 1907a: 78, 79, Plate 3 [♂; wings]; Ulmer 1907b: 165 [distribution]; Flint 1966: 7, 18, Plate 1 [lectotype, ♂, wings]; Ulmer 1913: 408 [distribution]; Fischer 1963: 199 [bibliography, distribution]; Burmeister 1983: 273 [synonym of Macronema maculatum]. Macronema maculatum (Perty 1833); Ulmer 1907a: 79, Plate 3 [wings; ♀]; Ulmer 1913: 395, 408 [♂; distribution]; Fischer 1963: 190 [bibliography, distribution]; Burmeister 1983: 273 [type situation]; Burmeister 1989: 359–262 [description of lectotype; ♂].
Macronema brasiliense Fischer 1970: 242; nomen novum for Phryganea maculata Perty 1833, preoccupied in Phryganea by Phryganea maculata Donovan 1813 which is now a synonym of Hydropsyche instabilis (Curtis 1834). Macrostemum maculatum (Perty 1833); Flint et al. 1999: 68 [taxonomic notes; distribution]; Paprocki et al. 2004: 8 [distribution]; Calor 2011: 321 [distribution].
Macrostemum brasiliense has a pair of short longitudinal rows of small setae near the medial region of segment X, the apical segment of each inferior appendage is strongly curved downward and has two small apical setae, and the phallotremal sclerite has the anterior margin deeply concave in ventral view. Furthermore, M. brasiliense has its genitalia similar to those of M. digramma, but with the anterior margins of abdominal segment IX sinuous, broadly convex anteroventrally in lateral view. The forewings of this species are extremely variable, each with 3 or 4 spots in the apical area.
Synopsis. Adults pinned. Forewing mean length 11.7 mm (10.61–13.3 mm, n=34). Head black, with medial carina. Compound eyes brown. Scapes black with brown setae. Maxillary palps brownish-yellow, with brown setae. Prothorax yellow or black, with yellow spots on pleural surfaces. Meso- and metathorax black, with yellow or brown spots. Legs brownish-yellow. Tibial spur formula 2,4,4. Forewings dark, with hyaline marks, each with 3 or 4 hyaline spots occurring in apical area; most-apical spot rounded or longitudinal; discoidal cell present; radial sector normal (Figs. 6 A–H).
Male genitalia. Abdominal segment IX, in lateral view, with anterior and posterior margins sinuous; posterior margin deeply notched, bordered by long setae above and below notch (Fig. 5 A); in dorsal view, with posterior margin bearing rounded medial keel and long setae bordering right and left margins (Fig. 5 F). Segment X, in dorsal view, bilobed, each lobe subacuminate apically and with subapical wart; pair of short, subdorsal rows of small setae near midlength (Fig. 5 F); in lateral view, subtriangular with rounded apex, with ventrolateral setae continuing onto subapical wart and row of small subdorsal setae near midlength (Fig. 5 A). Inferior appendages uniformly wide, each covered uniformly by small setae except small tuft of long setae on dorsal apex of basal segment; basal segment approximately three times as long as apical segment; apical segment curved, with pair of small setae apically (Fig. 5 A). Phallus arched; in lateral view, with apex truncate to slightly angled (Figs. 5 B–D); phallotremal sclerite bearing pair of spine-like dorsal processes, with anterior margin broadly concave, convex posterior margin bearing pair of rounded prominences (Fig. 5 E); phallotrema rounded, concave, apically positioned on posterior or posterodorsal surface of phallus (Fig. 5 E).
Material examined. BRAZIL: Bahia: Camacan, RPPN Serra Bonita, i.2009, Malaise 2, A.R. Calor leg., 1 female (alcohol; UFBA); same data except ii.2009, 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data except iii.2009, 2 males (alcohol; UFBA); same data except Córrego Chuchuzeiro, 15º23’26.4’’S, 39º33’52.2’’W, 777 m, iii.2009, Malaise 3, 3 males, 1 female (alcohol; UFBA); same data except iv.2010, 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data except ix.2009, 3 males (alcohol; UFBA); same data except viii.2009, 4 males (alcohol; UFBA); same data except ii.2009, 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data except xii.2009, 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data except xi.2009, 3 males (alcohol; UFBA); same data except Riacho 1, 15o23’39.5’’S, 39o33’44.3’’W, 724 m, 31.iii.2011, luz/bandeja, França, Quinteiro, Barreto leg., 1 male, 1 female (alcohol; UFBA); same data except Riacho 1 trilha nova, 15o23’35.4’’S, 39o33’50.1’’W, 773 m, 1.iv.2011; 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data 2ª cachoeira trilha Bapeba, 2.xi.2009, luz/lençol, A.R. Calor leg., 1 male (pinned UFBA); same data except 3.xi.2009, 1 male (pinned; UFBA); same data except 4.xi.2009, A. Calor leg., 1 male (pinned; UFBA); Santa Terezinha, Pedra Branca, Riacho das Torres, 12º51’00’’S, 39º28’48’’W, 678 m, 4.xi.2010, luz/bandeja, Calor, França, Quinteiro, Costa, Mariano leg., 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data except 6.xi.2010, 1 female (alcohol; UFBA); same data except, 7.viii.2009, A.R. Calor leg., 1 male, 1 female (alcohol; UFBA); same data except 28–29.ix.2009, Calor & Cruz leg., 2 males, 1 female (alcohol; UFBA); same data except 9.viii.2008, luz u.v./branca, Calor, Lecci, Pinho, Moretto leg., 1 male (pinned; UFBA); same data except 9.vi.2010, Calor, França, Quinteiro leg., 1 male, 1 female (pinned; UFBA); same data except 6.xi.2010, puçá, D. França leg., 1 male (pinned; UFBA); same data except Área Gamba, 12o52’14.6’’S, 39o28’33.7’’W, 496 m, 7.xi.2010, puçá, D. França leg., 8 males (pinned; UFBA); same data except luz/lençol, A.R. Calor et al. leg., 1 male (pinned; UFBA); Serra do Teimoso, 26.iv.2001, luz, Castro & Bravo leg., 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); Wenceslau Guimarães, E.E.E. Wenceslau Guimarães, sede, Riacho Serra Grande, 13º35’43’’S, 39º43’12’’W, 531 m, 7.x.2010, luz/bandeja, A. Calor leg., 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, trilha Véu da Noiva para Abrigo Rebouças, 22º25’46.21’’S, 44º37’9.74’’W, 1250 m, ii.2009, M.L. Monné & M.A. Monné leg., 1 male (alcohol, DZRJ 3423); São Paulo: Jundiaí, Serra do Japi, trilha Cachoera Paraíso, riacho, 23º14’S, 46º57’W, 1050 m, 29.viii.2007, luz u.v./branca, Lecci, Moretto, Nascimento leg., 2 males (pinned; UFBA); same data except puçá, 2 males (pinned UFBA); same data except 27.iii.2007, 1 female (pinned; UFBA); same data except 18.xii.2007, 1 male (pinned; UFBA); same data except 20.xii.2007, 1 male (pinned; UFBA); same data except v.2007, L.S. Lecci leg., 1 male (pinned; UFBA); Salesópolis, Estação Biológica Boracéia, 24–28.iii.2011, Malaise 4, D.C. Ament, P.L. Falaschi, P.R. Richardi leg., 1 male (alcohol; UFBA); same data except, Córrego Venerando, 9.xii.2005, armadilha luminosa, C.G. Froehlich et al. leg., 2 males (alcohol; UFBA); same data except 23º39’5’’S, 45º53’51’’W, 1–4.xii.2008, Amorim, Falaschi, Miranda leg., 2 males (pinned; UFBA); Ubatuba, pé da Serra do Mar, Picinguaba, Rio da Fazenda, 23o20’46.01’’S, 44o50’61’’W, 52 m, 19.iv.2004, J.L. Nessimian, A.A. Huamantico leg., 1 male (alcohol; DZRJ 1732).
Remarks. This species is variable in the color pattern of the wings and the phallus morphology. Despite the variation found in the phallus shape, the phallotremal sclerites have proven to be a reliable character to group morphotypes. We recommend further collections, immature-association studies and use of molecular biology techniques to understand this species variation better.
Distribution. Brazil (BA, RJ, SP).
description: Published as part of França, Diogo, Paprocki, Henrique & Calor, Adolfo R., 2013, The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males, pp. 301-335 in Zootaxa 3716 (3) on pages 309-314, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3716.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/217687