cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The long hot summer of the tokamak
Creators: name: Kendl, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What have the probability for fine weather in summer and the possibility for a future use of nuclear fusion as a practically unlimited and clean energy source got in common? The answer is in the particular nature underlying both physical systems: both the atmosphere and hot magnetized fusion plasmas are determined by similar processes of structure formation in quasi-two-dimensional periodic nonlinear dynamical systems. Self-organization of waves and vortices on small scales in both cases leads to large-scale flows, which are, depending on conditions, either stable for a long time - or can break apart intermittently and expel large vortex structures. In the case of earth's atmosphere, a potential stabilization of the polar jet stream over northern Europe by warming in early summer leads to a high probability for stable hot midsummer weather in central Europe. The efficient utilization of nuclear fusion in a power plant also depends if a stabilization of such zonal flows ("H mode") may be sustained by heating of the plasma. However, instabilities may ruin by rain European summer holidays ("icelandic lows"), as well as lead to tempestuous eruptions ("ELMs") of energy and particles from the edge of a fusion plasma onto the walls of the reactor. In the latter case, this could cause strong erosion of the wall materials and thus an unefficient operation of a future fusion power plant. Plasma physicists are - similar to meteorologists - therefore interested in accurate predictions of these strongly nonlinear dynamical processes.
description: This is the preprint version of a manuscript accepted for AIP Conf. Proc. 1445 (2012): Joint ITER-IAEA-ICTP Advanced Workshop on Fusion and Plasma Physics (Trieste, Italy, 3.-14.10.2011)
A multi-display collaborative urban planning system with a federated architecture
Creators: name: Su, Tao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Neighborhood planning and design is a complex and iterative process that usually involves different stakeholders and groups with diverse interests and goals. These include developers interested in the economic opportunity of development, politicians and administrators interested in public policy values, and neighbors interested in compatibility. These stakeholders work collaboratively to negotiate a mutually acceptable proposal that fulfills many qualitative and quantitative requirements and expectations. Until now, few Planning Support Systems (PSS) were capable of supporting the complexity and interactivity of this collaborative decision making process smoothly through the whole decision making process from the initial planning phase to final completion. In our research, a multi-display, collaborative urban planning system was implemented. The system uses a multi-touch tabletop computer as a central interactive display for designing a neighborhood. Multiple additional projectors can be connected to the tabletop display to present other information, such as 3D rendering of the neighborhood or some quantitative statistics summarizing the plan. Various ways to connect multiple displays together were investigated. The final system uses a distributed, federated architecture to connect the displays through a network. Informal user feedback was gathered from different types of users. In the thesis we discuss various design issues regarding multi-display systems and tabletop urban planning systems and how they were resolved. There are a number of extensions to our new system. One is the ability to support other types of displays and input techniques, such as handheld devices or remote tabletop displays. These and other future research directions are briefly described.
Scattering Amplitudes/Wilson Loop Duality In ABJM Theory
Creators: name: Bianchi, Marco S.
name: Leoni, Matias
name: Mauri, Andrea
name: Penati, Silvia
name: Santambrogio, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter theories in three dimensions, by a direct superspace Feynman diagram approach, we compute the two-loop four-point scattering amplitude with external chiral matter fields. We find that the result is in perfect agreement with the two-loop result for a light-like four-polygon Wilson loop. This is a nontrivial evidence of the scattering amplitudes/Wilson loop duality in three dimensions. Moreover, both the IR divergent and the finite parts of our two-loop result agree with a BDS-like ansatz for all-loop amplitudes where the scaling function is given in terms of the N=4 SYM one, according to the conjectured Bethe equations for ABJM. Consequently, we are able to make a prediction for the four-loop correction to the amplitude. We also discuss the dual conformal invariance of the two-loop result.
description: 1+16 pages, 2 figures, minor modifications and references added
The biochemistry of cocoa flavor - A holistic analysis of its development along the processing chain
Creators: name: Kadow, Daniel
Publisher: name: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
Year: 2020

description: The seeds of the cacao tree Theobroma cacao L. are the key ingredient of chocolate (Codex Alimentarius, 1981). They have a unique and complex flavor profile. Up to 87 descriptors can be distinguished (Januszewska et al., 2018). Beside the typical chocolate aroma, floral, fruity and nutty aroma notes may occur. Regarding taste attributes, typical cocoa bitterness and acidity are of key importance. A pleasant, mouth-filling astringency does complete the typical flavor characteristics. These attributes can be more or less intense, or even absent as in the case of floral, fruity and nutty notes, resulting in a great diversity in the flavor profile between countries, regions and even plantations (sukha et al., 2007). This diversity depends on a network of multiple interacting factors along the processing chain, from the genetic background of the cacao trees, seed physiology and climatic conditions over fermentation, drying and roasting up to chocolate ingredients such as sugar (Andersson et al., 2006; Afoakwa et al., 2008; muñoz et al., 2019). The purpose of this review is to analyze the current knowledge about the impact of these factors and their interaction on the composition of taste- and aroma-active substances as well as respective precursors and how specific flavor profiles can be explained through them. Gaps in research as well as potential applications in cocoa processing and chocolate manufacturing are discussed.
description: Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, Vol. 93 (2020): Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality
Conductivity of twin walls - surface junctions in ferroelastics: interplay of deformation potential, octahedral rotations, improper ferroelectricity and flexoelectric coupling
Creators: name: Eliseev, Eugene A.
name: Morozovska, Anna N.
name: Borisevich, Albina Y.
name: Gu, Yijia
name: Chen, Long-Qing
name: Gopalan, Venkatraman
name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic and structural phenomena at the twin domain wall-surface junctions in the ferroelastic materials are analyzed. Carriers accumulation caused by the strain-induced band structure changes originated via the deformation potential mechanism, structural order parameter gradient, rotostriction and flexoelectric coupling is explored. Approximate analytical results show that inhomogeneous elastic strains, which exist in the vicinity of the twin walls - surface junctions due to the rotostriction coupling, decrease the local band gap via the deformation potential and flexoelectric coupling mechanisms. This is the direct mechanism of the twin walls static conductivity in ferroelastics and, by extension, in multiferroics and ferroelectrics. On the other hand, flexoelectric and rotostriction coupling leads to the appearance of the improper polarization and electric fields proportional to the structural order parameter gradient in the vicinity of the twin walls - surface junctions. The "flexo-roto" fields leading to the carrier accumulation are considered as indirect mechanism of the twin walls conductivity. Comparison of the direct and indirect mechanisms illustrates complex range of phenomena directly responsible for domain walls static conductivity in materials with multiple order parameters.
description: 35 pages, 11 figures, 3 table, 3 appendices Improved set of rotostriction coefficients are used in calculations
An investigation of chirality transfer in <2,3> sigmatropic rearrangements and syn-eliminations of chiral selenoxides
Creators: name: Jones, John Howard
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Selenides - Oxidation
subject: Chirality
subject: Asymmetric synthesis
subject: Stereochemistry

description: Bibliography: p. 119-125.
title: Sprzedaż handlowa według kodeksu handlowego z 1934 r.
Creators: name: Górnicki, Leonard
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: W artykule poddana została analizie instytucja sprzedaży handlowej według kodeksu handlowego z 1934 r. (k.h.), należącego do znaczących osiągnięć kodyfikacyjnych w XX wieku w Polsce, który zasadniczo przestał obowiązywać od 1 czerwca 1965 r. Autor dowodzi, że regulacje kodeksu handlowego w dziedzinie sprzedaży handlowej (art. 542-567 k.h.), których projekt przygotował prof. Józef Sułkowski, stanowiły lex specialis w stosunku do przepisów o sprzedaży zawartych w kodeksie zobowiązań z 1933 r. (art. 294-351 k.z.). Miały one jednak charakter fragmentaryczny, bowiem regulowały tylko niektóre materie, a w pozostałym zakresie, w razie braku odpowiednich unormowań w kodeksie handlowym, stosowano zasady kodeksu zobowiązań. Sprzedaż handlowa była więc szczególnym rodzajem sprzedaży, do której w pierwszej kolejności zastosowanie znajdowały przepisy kodeksu handlowego, jako prawo szczególne, następnie powszechne w państwie prawo zwyczajowe, wreszcie zaś kodeks zobowiązań, jako prawo ogólne.
Slitheen++: Stealth TLS-based Decoy Routing
Creators: name: Birtel, Benedikt
name: Rossow, Christian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We present Slitheen++, a decoy routing system that---in contrast to its predecessor Slitheen---is not susceptible to traffic analysis in the upstream channel. Slitheen++ overcomes key challenges such as scheduling for covert connections and technologies to more realistically emulate a real user's behavior, such as crawling or delaying overt communication. We measure Slitheen++ according to metrics that not only show the maximum theoretical throughput of the system, but for the first time, also assess the actual user experience by measuring loading times of websites from ten covert targets. We show that emulating a user increases loading times, yet raises the difficulty for an advanced censor to expose decoy routing as such. For example, crawling raises the median of the loading time for covert setups by 1 second from 7s to 8s.
Wette - MARP PowerEx Supplementary information
Creators: name: Wette, Stefan
name: Birch, Nigel
name: Soop, Mattias
name: Zügel, Martina
name: Lamb, Graham
name: Murphy, Robyn
name: Smith, Heather K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary information
Nitrogen metabolism during somatic embryogenesis in Picea glauca & Daucus carota: a NMR study
Creators: name: Joy, Richard W.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Nitrogen - Metabolism
subject: Plants - Metabolism
subject: Botany - Embryology
subject: Plant propagation

description: Bibliography: p. 265-302.
title: Brytyjska ustawa o sprzedaży towarów z 1893 r. ‒ unifikacja rozwiązań prawnych czy anglicyzacja praw szkockiego?
Creators: name: Szymura, Mateusz
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza treści brytyjskiej ustawy o sprzedaży towarów z 1893 r. oraz zmian, jakie wprowadziła ona na gruncie dotychczasowych odrębnych regulacji prawa szkockiego i angielskiego. W treści artykułu autor przedstawia dotychczasowych kształt regulacji kontraktu w prawie szkockim na podstawie zbiorów orzecznictwa oraz dzieł pisarzy instytucjonalnych, a w dalszym zakresie dokonuje wyodrębnienia najistotniejszych sfer różniących regulacje prawne obu Królestw oraz analizy brytyjskiej ustawy pod kątem wyboru przyjętych rozwiązań prawnych. Tezą autora pracy jest założenie anglicyzacji rozwiązań szkockich w zakresie sprzedaży towarów, który to proces jednak nie miał charakteru przymusowego, a był wynikiem efektywnego lobbingu części szkockiego społeczeństwa u schyłku XIX wieku.
Minimum Dust Abundances for Planetesimal Formation via Secular Gravitational Instabilities
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Taku
name: Ida, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate minimum dust abundances required for secular gravitational instability (SGI) to operate at the midplane dust layer of protoplanetary disks. For SGI to be a viable process, the growth time of the instability T_grow must be shorter than the radial drift time of the dust T_drift. The growth time depends on the turbulent diffusion parameter alpha, because the modes with short wavelengths are stabilized by turbulent diffusion. Assuming that turbulence is excited via the Kelvin-Helmholtz or streaming instabilities in the dust layer, and that its strength is controlled by the energy supply rate from dust accretion, we estimate the diffusion parameter and the growth time of the instability. The condition T_grow < T_drift requires that the dust abundance must be greater than a critical abundance Z_min, which is a function of the Toomre parameter Q_g and aspect ratio h_g / r of the gas disk. For a wide range of parameter space, the required dust abundance is less than 0.1. A slight increase in dust abundance opens a possible route for the dust to directly collapse to planetesimals.
description: Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
title: Problematyka handlu pod rządami Rady Najwyższej Tymczasowej Księstwa Warszawskiego 1813-1815
Creators: name: Przygodzki, Jacek
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Tekst poświęcony jest problematyce handlu w okresie rosyjskich rządów okupacyjnych w Księstwie Warszawskim. Należy stwierdzić, że kwestia ta była jednym z ważniejszych elementów działalności Rady Najwyższej Tymczasowej, która zaraz po rozpoczęciu swojej działalności rozpoczęła wydawanie przepisów ułatwiające pracę kupców. Członkowie Rady zdawali sobie sprawę, w jak trudnym położeniu znajdowali się handlowcy Księstwa. Polityka handlowa konstytucyjnych władz Księstwa Warszawskiego niestety nie była nastawiona na bezwzględne popieranie handlu i przemysłu i to mimo głosów ówczesnych ekonomistów ‒Wawrzyńca Surowieckiego czy Stanisława Staszica ‒ postulujących rozwój tych dziedzin życia gospodarczego, dających dobrobyt i rozwój kraju. Stąd mimo trudności wojennego czasu i ruinę okupowanego terytorium Rada Najwyższa Tymczasowa podejmowała takie decyzje, które mogłyby wpłynąć na rozbudzenie stłumionego handlu, a co za tym idzie ‒ pobudzenie rozwoju gospodarczego kraju.
Local Group progenitors: Lyman Alpha bright?
Creators: name: Dayal, Pratika
name: Libeskind, Noam I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach of identifying the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) progenitors that could be visible as LAEs at z~6: we couple a snapshot from the Constrained Local UniversE Simulations (CLUES) project, that successfully reproduces the MW and M31 galaxies situated in their correct environment, to a Lyman Alpha Emitter (LAE) model. Exploring intergalactic medium (IGM) ionization states ranging from an almost neutral to a fully ionized one, we find that including (excluding) the effects of clustered sources the first local group progenitor appears as a LAE for a neutral hydrogen fraction of 0.4 (0.1). This number increases to 5 progenitors each of the MW and M31 being visible as LAEs for a completely ionized IGM; the contribution from clustered sources is crucial in making many of the progenitors visible in the Lyman Alpha, for all the ionization states considered. We also put constrains on the physical properties of such progenitors. Finally, we find that the number density of these LAEs are higher than that of general field LAEs (observed in cosmological volumes) by about two (one) orders of magnitude for a neutral hydrogen fraction of 10^-5 (0.4). Detections of such high LAE number densities at z ~ 6 would be a clear signature of an over-dense region that could evolve and resemble the local group volume at z=0.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
title: Znaczenie francuskiego kodeksu handlowego z 1807 r. na ziemiach polskich
Creators: name: Baszak, Łukasz
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Francuski kodeks handlowy z 1807 r. (Code de commerce) obowiązywał na ziemiach polskich od momentu jego wprowadzenia na obszarze Księstwa Warszawskiego, tj. od 1809 r. W wyniku upadku Księstwa Warszawskiego funkcjonował on również na terenach Rzeczpospolitej Krakowskiej oraz na ziemiach Królestwa Polskiego. Jego wprowadzenie na ziemie polskie przyczyniło się do rozwoju polskiego prawa handlowego, nadając mu nowoczesny charakter, a także wpłynęło na rozwój gospodarczy. W późniejszym okresie uwidoczniły się jego wady i luki, które w przeciwieństwie do Francji, nie zostały uzupełniane i nowelizowane przez judykaturę ani przez polską literaturę prawniczą. W związku z tym francuski kodeks handlowy z 1807 nie odegrał większej roli w trakcie kodyfikacji polskiego prawa handlowego w okresie II RP i nie wpłynął znacząco na polski kodeks handlowy z 1934 r.
Spinning the Top
Creators: name: Falkowski, Adam
name: Perez, Gilad
name: Schmaltz, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to measure the threshold lepton asymmetry, that is the forward-backward asymmetry of the charged lepton in ttbar events near the production threshold. At threshold top quark pairs are produced in an s-wave. Angular momentum conservation then implies that the top spins equal the spin of the initial state which - in the case of quarks - is uniquely fixed by the chirality of the initial quarks. Thus measuring final state top spins determines the chirality of the quarks which produced them. Information about the top spins can be extracted by measuring the angular distribution of the charged lepton in semileptonic or dileptonic decays of the top pair. One such distribution, the threshold lepton asymmetry, vanishes in tree-level QCD but is non-zero if new physics modifies the relative contribution of right-handed and left-handed quarks to top pair production. This is interesting because realistic models addressing the anomalous ttbar asymmetry have chiral couplings to light quarks. Models with identical ttbar asymmetries at the Tevatron can be distinguished by their threshold lepton asymmetries which range between plus and minus 25% in realistic models.
description: 15 pages. V2: several minor improvements, new benchmark, comments and references added
title: Prawna reglamentacja handlu Żydów i Szkotów w Prusach Królewskich
Creators: name: Naworski, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Artykuł stanowi próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak wyglądało ograniczenie handlu przez kupców i handlarzy domokrążnych żydowskich i szkockich na terenie Prus Królewskich. Analizie poddano przede wszystkim prawotwórczą działalność pruskiego sejmiku generalnego oraz – szerzej – postawę stanów pruskich wobec tego problemu. W rezultacie okazało się, że postawa stanów pruskich była zróżnicowana, choć generalnie była to jednak sprawa marginalna. Większe zainteresowanie zakazami handlu Żydów i Szkotów wykazywały tylko miasta pruskie, zwłaszcza mniejsze, choć tak naprawdę stosunek tak do handlu, jak i samych mniejszości zależał od stanowiska wielkich miast pruskich i przyjmowania przez ich władze rozwiązań prawnych.
Learning reduced order linear feedback policies for motion skills
Creators: name: Ding, Kai
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Skilled character motions need to adapt to their circumstances and this is typically accomplished with the use of feedback. However, good feedback strategies are difficult to author and this has been a major stumbling block in the development of physics-based animated characters. In this thesis we present a framework for the automated design of compact linear feedback strategies. We show that this can be an effective substitute for manually-designed abstract models such as the use of inverted pendulums for the control of simulated walking. Results are demonstrated for a variety of motion skills, including balancing, hopping, ball kicking, single-ball juggling, ball volleying, and bipedal walking. The framework uses policy search in the space of reduced-order linear feedback matrices as a means of developing an optimized linear feedback strategy. The generality of the method allows for the automated development of highly-effective unconventional feedback loops, such as the use of foot pressure feedback to achieve robust physics-based bipedal walking.
Detection of HCN, HCO+ and HNC in the Mrk231 molecular outflow - Dense molecular gas in the AGN wind
Creators: name: Aalto, S.
name: Garcia-Burillo, S.
name: Muller, S.
name: Winters, J. M.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Costagliola, F.
name: Neri, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detect luminous emission from HCN, HCO+ and HNC 1--0 in the QSO ULIRG Mrk~231 with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer at 1."55 by 1."28 resolution. All three lines show broad line wings - which are particularly prominent for HCN. Velocities are found to be similar (750 km/s) to those found for CO 1-0. This is the first time bright HCN, HCO+ and HNC emission has been detected in a large-scale galactic outflow. We find that both the blue- and red-shifted line wings are spatially extended by at least 0."75 (700 pc) in a north-south direction. The line wings are brighter (relative to the line center intensity) in HCN than in CO 1-0 and line ratios suggest that the molecular outflow consists of dense (n>10E4 cmE-3) and clumpy gas with a high HCN abundance X(HCN)>10E-8. These properties are consistent with the molecular gas being compressed and fragmented by shocks in the outflow. Alternatively, HCN is instead pumped by mid-IR continuum, but we propose that this effect is not strong for the spatially extended outflowing gas. In addition, we find that the rotation of the main disk, in east-west direction, is also evident in the HCN, HCO+ and HNC line emission. An unexpectedly bright HC3N 10-9 line is detected inside the central 400 pc of Mrk231. This HC3N emission may emerge from a shielded, dust-enshrouded region within the inner 40-50 pc where the gas is heated to high temperatures (200 - 300 K) by the AGN.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
How to Build Optimally Secure PRFs Using Block Ciphers
Creators: name: Cogliati, Benoît-Michel
name: Jha, Ashwin
name: Nandi, Mridul
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: In EUROCRYPT '96, Aiello and Venkatesan proposed two candidates for $ 2n $-bit to $ 2n $-bit pseudorandom functions (PRFs), called Benes and modified Benes (or mBenes), based on $ n $-bit to $ n $-bit PRFs. While Benes is known to be secure up to $ 2^n $ queries (Patarin, AFRICACRYPT '08), the security of mBenes has only been proved up to $ 2^{n(1-\epsilon)} $ queries for all $ \epsilon > 0 $ by Patarin and Montreuil in ICISC '05. In this work, we show that the composition of a $ 2n $-bit hash function with mBenes is a secure variable input length (VIL) PRF up to $ 2^{n-2} $ queries (given appropriate hash function bounds). We extend our analysis with block ciphers as the underlying primitive and obtain two optimally secure VIL PRFs using block ciphers. The first of these candidates requires $ 6 $ calls to the block cipher. The second candidate requires just $ 4 $ calls to the block cipher, but here the proof is based on Patarin's mirror theory. Further, we instantiate the hash function with a PMAC+/LightMAC+ like hash, to get six candidates for deterministic message authentication codes with optimal security.
title: Handel w regulacjach śląskich ordynacji ziemskich
Creators: name: Ptak, Marian Józef
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: W niniejszym opracowaniu dokonano wyboru artykułów i przepisów ordynacji ziemskiej Księstwa Oleśnickiego z 1610 r. regulujących handel. Dają one obraz tej aktywnościmieszkańców księstwa z perspektywy ziemian, czyli panów ziemskich, funkcjonujących w warunkach gospodarki towarowo-pieniężnej o charakterze wiejsko-miejskim. Na tle ordynacji ziemskich innych księstw Śląska z XVI i pierwszej połowy XVII w. wyróżnia się dążeniem do szczegółowego uregulowania postępowania sądowego i pozasądowego, zmierzającego do poprawy egzekucji prawa i wyroków sądowych oraz zobowiązań wynikających z różnego rodzaju kontraktów. Przyświecała temu idea dobrego porządku, opartego na sprawiedliwości i równości (biednych i bogatych) oraz ochronie praw stron stosunków obligacyjnych uznanych za słabsze (dłużników, poręczycieli, pożyczkobiorców, zastawców, sprzedawców, niepełnoletnich).
Thermal expansion and Grüneisen parameters of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 - a thermodynamic quest for quantum criticality
Creators: name: Meingast, Christoph
name: Hardy, Frédéric
name: Heid, Rolf
name: Adelmann, Peter
name: Böhmer, Anna
name: Burger, Philipp
name: Ernst, Doris
name: Fromknecht, Rainer
name: Schweiss, Peter
name: Wolf, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal expansion data are used to study the uniaxial pressure dependence of the electronic/magnetic entropy of Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2. Uniaxial pressure is found to be proportional to doping and, thus, also an appropriate tuning parameter in this system. Many of the features predicted to occur for a pressure-tuned quantum critical system, in which superconductivity is an emergent phase hiding the critical point, are observed. The electronic/magnetic Grüneisen parameters associated with the spin-density wave and superconducting transitions further demonstrate an intimate connection between both ordering phenomena.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
title: Próba monopolizacji handlu ałunem w latach 1460-1478
Creators: name: Wojciechowski, Rafał
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Ałun [ang. alum] to minerał, który w średniowieczu znajdował zastosowanie w różnych dziedzinach wytwórczości, np. przy produkcji szkła, przede wszystkim jednak był niezbędny do utrwalania żywych kolorów w farbiarstwie tkanin. Stanowił on jeden z podstawowych przedmiotów handlu międzynarodowego. Najważniejsze znane wówczas złoża ałunu znajdowały się w Azji Mniejszej. W latach 1275-1455 kontrolowali je Genueńczycy. Po upadku Konstantynopola przeszły pod kontrolę turecką. Z nieuniknionych kłopotów wybawiło jednak chrześcijańskich odbiorców w Europie nieoczekiwane odkrycie złóż ałunu w okolicach miasta Tolfa w Państwie Kościelnym. Papież podjął wówczas próbę ustanowienia monopolu na sprzedaż ałunu. Ważną rolę w tej sprawie odgrywał Bank Medycejski z Florencji. Artykuł przedstawia tę właśnie próbę. Ramy czasowe sięgają od pierwszych wieści o odkryciu nowych złóż ałunu do momentu, gdy papież Sykstus IV pozbawił z przyczyn politycznych Medyceuszy wiodącej roli w handlu ałunem wydobywanym w Państwie Kościelnym.
Bimaximal mixing and large theta13 in a SUSY SU(5) model based on S4
Creators: name: Meloni, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent analyses of the world neutrino data, including the T2K and MINOS results, point toward a statistically significant deviation of theta13 from zero. In this paper we present a SUSY SU(5) model based on the discrete S4 group which predicts a large theta13 of order lambdaC, lambdaC being the Cabibbo angle. The other mixing angles in the neutrino sector are all compatible with current experimental data. In the quark sector, the entries of the CKM mixing matrix as well as the mass hierarchies in both up and down quark sectors are well reproduced and only a small enhancement is needed to reproduce lambdaC.
description: minor changes to match the published version in JHEP. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0802.0090
The non-ballistic superluminal motion in the plane of the sky-II
Creators: name: Gong, Biping
name: Kong, S. W.
name: Xue, F.
name: Li, Yaping
name: Huang, Y. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model of non-ballistic jet motion proposed in 2008 provides a simple explanation to the inward jet motion and bent jet. Recently, evidences of such a non-radial motion increase rapidly, and more complicated morphologies appear. On the other hand, the ballistic plus precession model likely holds in majority samples of jet motion. This paper discusses the relationship between the ballistic and non-ballistic model of jet motion, which suggests that the interaction of ejectors with ambient matter can produce knots at different stages of evolution and hence different separations to the core. And as a jet precesses, knots produced between the core and the deceleration radius result in spiral pattern expected by the model of ballistic plus precession; and knots generated at the deceleration radius display non-radial motion such as bent jet or oscillation of ridge-line. This paper develops the first non-ballistic model in four aspects. Firstly, it provides a numerical simulation to the production of multi-knot for a precessing jet. Secondly, it fits the precession behavior of multi-knot and interprets the oscillation of ridge lines like S5 1803+784. Thirdly, it gives an unified interpretation to the bent jet applicable to both multi-knot and single knot. And fourthly, the problem of very large numbers of observed outward motions as opposed to the inward ones is addressed in a new scope.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Phase-controlled, heterodyne laser-induced transient grating measurements of thermal transport properties in opaque material
Creators: name: Johnson, Jeremy A.
name: Maznev, Alexei A.
name: Nelson, Keith A.
name: Bulsara, Mayank T.
name: Fitzgerald, Eugene A.
name: Harman, T. C.
name: Calawa, S.
name: Vineis, C. J.
name: Turner, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The methodology for a heterodyned laser-induced transient thermal grating technique for non-contact, non-destructive measurements of thermal transport in opaque material is presented. Phase-controlled heterodyne detection allows us to isolate pure phase or amplitude transient grating signal contributions by varying the relative phase between reference and probe beams. The phase grating signal includes components associated with both transient reflectivity and surface displacement whereas the amplitude grating contribution is governed by transient reflectivity alone. By analyzing the latter with the two-dimensional thermal diffusion model, we extract the in-plane thermal diffusivity of the sample. Measurements on a 5 μm thick single crystal PbTe film yielded excellent agreement with the model over a range of grating periods from 1.6 to 2.8 μm. The measured thermal diffusivity of 1.3 \times 10-6 m2/s was found to be slightly lower than the bulk value.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
Automatic Optimizations for Stream-based Monitoring Languages
Creators: name: Baumeister, Jan
name: Finkbeiner, Bernd
name: Kruse, Matthis
name: Schwenger, Maximilian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Runtime monitors that are speciﬁed in a stream-based monitoring language tend to be easier to understand, maintain, and reuse than those written in a standard programming language. Because of their formal semantics, such speciﬁcation languages are also a natural choice for safety-critical applications. Unlike for standard programming languages, there is, however, so far very little support for automatic code optimization. In this paper, we present the ﬁrst collection of code transformations for the stream-based monitoring language RTLola. We show that classic compiler optimizations, such as Sparse Conditional Constant Propagation and Common Subexpression Elimination, can be adapted to monitoring speciﬁcations. We also develop new transformations — Pacing Type Reﬁnement and Filter Reﬁnement — which exploit the speciﬁc modular structure of RTLola as well as the implementation freedom aﬀorded by a declarative speciﬁcation language. We demonstrate the signiﬁcant impact of the code transformations on benchmarks from the monitoring of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS).
title: Obrót nieruchomościami w orzecznictwie Dobiesława z Koszyc i Konarów, podsędka ziemskiego krakowskiego (XIV-XV w.)
Creators: name: Kruszewski, Tomasz Jacek
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Autor przedstawia drugoplanową postać na dworze Władysława Jagiełły w kontekście wydawanych przez niego wyroków sądowych. Można się z nich dowiedzieć, że w obrocie gospodarczym średniowiecza uczestniczyły głównie zgromadzenia zakonne.
Características morfoagronómicas de cultivares de Moringa oleifera con diferentes frecuencias de corte y distancias de siembra
Creators: name: León-Medina, Larry
name: Ortega, Jorge
name: Margera Chacón
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Moringa, Forraje, Densidad de siembra, Frecuencia de corte

description: La Moringa es un árbol originario del sur del Himalaya, con amplia difusión en zonas tropicales y que se muestra como alternativa para la alimentación animal. Con el objetivo de evaluar el desempeño productivo de las variables morfoagronómicas de dos cultivares, común (C) y súper (S) de Moringa oleifera Lam. Con diferentes frecuencias de corte (F1) 45d, (F2) 60d y (F3) 75 días después de la siembra y distancias de siembra D1 (0,1 x 0,1m) y D2 (0,4 x 0,4 m) para un total de 12 tratamientos. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de la planta (AP), diámetro del tallo (DT), número de hojas (NH), Materia Fresca (MF) y Materia Seca (MS),en condiciones de Bosque muy seco tropical en un suelo Franco arenoso al occidente de Venezuela, entre los meses de Mayo a Julio coincidiendo con la época lluviosa, usando riego suplementario por surcos y fertilización a base de Urea y formula completa K-P-K. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con un arreglo de tratamientos de parcelas divididas, con tres repeticiones. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el software SAS en su versión 9.1. Para las variables MF y MS, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos con una media de producción de (611,36 g/planta) y (188,39 g/planta) respectivamente, (P>0,05), las variables AP, DT y NH presentaron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) siendo T3 (C, D1 y F3) el que presentó la mayor AP 139,20 cm y T7 (S, D1 y F1) la menor con 67,80 cm, el DT en T3 obtuvo 0,9 cm y el menor diámetro fue en T8 (S, D1, F2) con 0,41 cm, el NH en T3 con 13,90 hojas y el menor T7 con 5,7 hojas. Los resultados muestran que ambos cultivares tuvieron comportamiento similar y tienen potencial agronómico para producir biomasa para la alimentación animal.
Adolescents' effort in vocational education and training and upper secondary general education. Analyses of stability, determinants, and group differences
Creators: name: Neuenschwander, Markus
name: Ramseier, Lukas
name: Hofmann, Jan
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 370 - Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: The effort adolescents make determines the risk for dropping out of vocational education and training (VET) early and their chances of graduating upper secondary education. Studies have shown that adolescents' efforts decrease during the transition to upper secondary general education and increases for the transition to VET. In this study, we examined adolescent self‐efficacy in lower secondary education, adolescent‐instructor relationship (AIR) in VET and general education, and perceived person–environment fit (PEF) as predictors of adolescent effort. We calculated two longitudinal multigroup structural equation models. Group 1 comprised 1266 (mean age in = 15.7 years; female: 44%) lower secondary education graduates who moved on to VET with two learning contexts, company and vocational school in Switzerland. Group 2 included 517 (mean age in = 15.7 years; female: 44%) lower secondary education graduates who moved on to upper secondary general education and thus stayed in a school. Adolescents' survey data was collected in 2016 and 2017. Self‐efficacy in lower secondary education and AIR in upper secondary education indirectly predicted effort in upper secondary education via PEF, controlling for effort in lower secondary education. Findings were similar for general education and vocational school. However, the effects differed between company and general education (moderation). The positive effect of AIR on PEF was statistically significantly weaker for adolescents in general education than for adolescents in VET and their company learning context. We discuss strategies to enhance adolescents' efforts in upper secondary education.
Monitoring Cyber-Physical Systems: From Design to Integration
Creators: name: Schwenger, Maximilian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Cyber-physical systems are inherently safety-critical. The deployment of a runtime monitor significantly increases confidence in their safety. The effectiveness of the monitor can be maximized by considering it an integral component during its development. Thus, in this paper, I given an overview over recent work regarding a development process for runtime monitors alongside a cyber-physical system. This process includes the transformation of desirable safety properties into the formal specification language RTLola. A compiler then generates an executable artifact for monitoring the specification. This artifact can then be integrated into the system.
N-body Integrators with Individual Time Steps from Hierarchical Splitting
Creators: name: Pelupessy, Federico I.
name: Jänes, Jürgen
name: Zwart, Simon F. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the implementation of individual particle time-stepping for N-body dynamics. We present a class of integrators derived from second order Hamiltonian splitting. In contrast to the usual implementation of individual time-stepping, these integrators are momentum conserving and show excellent energy conservation in conjunction with a symmetrized time step criterion. We use an explicit but approximate formula for the time symmetrization that is compatible with the use of individual time steps. No iterative scheme is necessary. We implement these ideas in the HUAYNO (available online at www.amusecode.org) code and present tests of the integrators and show that the presented integration schemes shows good energy conservation, with little or no systematic drift, while conserving momentum and angular momentum to machine precision for long term integrations.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in New Astronomy
In-hand Manipulation by Underactuated Hands with Differential Transmission
Creators: name: Ospina Latorre, Diego
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: underactuation
subject: manipulation
subject: grasping
subject: robot hand
subject: multibody
subject: Applied Mechanics
subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Robotics

description: The limited dexterity that existing hand prostheses provide to users contrasts with the manipulation abilities exhibited by state-of-the-art robot hands. This thesis explores the potential use of underactuated hands in the development of hand replacements with in-hand manipulation capabilities. Initially, the thesis presents a mathematical framework developed to analyze the ability of a given underactuated hand to manipulate objects in-hand. The framework comprises two parts: i) a methodology to model underactuated hands during the execution of in-hand manipulation maneuvers, and ii) mathematical tools to quantify the in-hand manipulation ability of a given underactuated hand. Subsequently, the thesis presents a case study using a specific underactuated hand architecture, representative of many existing underactuated hand prototypes. The hand presented in the case study is modelled and its ability to manipulate objects of different geometries is analyzed. Based on the findings, a manipulation strategy suitable for prosthetic applications is proposed. The strategy enables the hand to manipulate objects in-hand without any information of their geometry or physical properties. Finally, the thesis describes the experimental test conducted to validate the theoretical results.
Kondo resonance line-shape of magnetic adatoms on decoupling layers
Creators: name: Zitko, Rok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zero-bias resonance in the dI/dV tunneling spectrum recorded using a scanning tunneling microscope above a spin-1/2 magnetic adatom (such as Ti) adsorbed on a decoupling layer on metal surface can be accurately fitted using the universal spectral function of the Kondo impurity model both at zero field and at finite external magnetic field. Excellent agreement is found both for the asymptotic low-energy part and for the high-energy logarithmic tails of the Kondo resonance. For finite magnetic field, the nonlinear fitting procedure consists in repeatedly solving the impurity model for different Zeeman energies in order to obtain accurate spectral functions which are compared with the experimental dI/dV curves. The experimental results at zero field are sufficiently restraining to enable an unprecedented reliability in the determination of the Kondo temperature, while at finite fields the results are more ambiguous and two different interpretations are proposed.
Verified Rust Monitors for Lola Specifications
Creators: name: Finkbeiner, Bernd
name: Oswald, Stefan
name: Passing, Noemi
name: Schwenger, Maximilian
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The safety of cyber-physical systems rests on the correctness of their monitoring mechanisms. This is problematic if the specification of the monitor is implemented manually or interpreted by unreliable software. We present a verifying compiler that translates specifications given in the stream-based monitoring language Lola to implementations in Rust. The generated code contains verification annotations that enable the Viper toolkit to automatically prove functional correctness, absence of memory faults, and guaranteed termination. The compiler parallelizes the evaluation of different streams in the monitor based on a dependency analysis of the specification. We present encouraging experimental results obtained with monitor specifications found in the literature. For every specification, our approach was able to either produce a correctness proof or to uncover errors in the specification.
title: Cinque Ports jako średniowieczna konfederacja miast portowych o funkcjach militarnych i handlowych
Creators: name: Wiązek, Paweł
Publisher: name: E-Wydawnictwo. Prawnicza i Ekonomiczna Biblioteka Cyfrowa. Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2021

description: Publikacja poświęcona jest dziejom blisko 1000-letniej konfederacji angielskich miast portowych znanej powszechnie jako Cinque Ports. Zdumiewająca jest konkluzja na temat stanu badań polskich luminarzy nauk historyczno-prawnych oraz obecności tej problematyki w polskojęzycznej literaturze przedmiotu. Sprowadza się ona ostatecznie do konstatacji o całkowitym niemal braku zainteresowania tematem. Fakt ten stanowi nader oczywiste wyzwanie dla badacza; w pełni zrozumiałe wydaje się więc to, że Autor podążył tym właśnie tropem. O decyzji podjęcia eksploracji i próby uzupełnienia istniejącej luki przesądziły ostatecznie relatywnie liczne i dostępne źródła oraz dotychczasowe osiągnięcia anglosaskich głównie badaczy. Cinque Ports stanowiła niezwykle oryginalną, średniowieczną konfederację miejską, pod wieloma względami wyróżniającą się na tle innych, podobnych związków miejskich epoki feudalnej i czasów nowożytnych. Specyfika dotyczyła zarówno instytucjonalnych form ustrojowo-prawnych Pięciu Portów, uzyskanych przywilejów, celów i metod działalności organizacji, jej relacji w władzami publicznymi, jak i wreszcie wyjątkowej długowieczności.
НАУЧНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ ТЕПЛОВЫХ НАУК И ИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ СЕГОДНЯ
Creators: name: Бердиева Нилуфар Ахатовна Среднее специальное исламское учебное заведение имени  Ходжи Бухари заведующий учебно-методическим отделом Китобский район Кашкадарьинской области
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Термиза играют важную роль в исламской цивилизации. Труды таких учёных, как Имам Термизи и Хаким Термизи, внесли значительный вклад в развитие науки хадисов и исламских наук. Их произведения высоко ценятся не только в исламском мире, но и в мировой науке. Сегодня их научное наследие изучается в Узбекистане и по всему миру.

Труды учёных Термиза являются важным источником в области науки хадисов, суфизма, фикха и других исламских наук. Их произведения оказали значительное влияние на развитие исламских наук. В настоящее время их труды широко используются в научных исследованиях и образовательных процессах.

Научное наследие учёных Термиза также имеет важное значение для обеспечения межнационального согласия и толерантности. Их произведения играют важную роль в духовном и нравственном воспитании людей. Кроме того, их труды имеют важное значение в воспитании молодого поколения в духе уважения к национальным ценностям и любви к Родине.

Ключевые слова: ученые Тирмизи, имам Тирмизи, Хаким Тирмизи, научное наследие, наука о хадисах, исламская цивилизация.