cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: ANALYSIS OF CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE LEVELS OF ASYMMETRIC DIMETHYLARGININE, HIGH-SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, FRACTALKINE AND TRANSFERRIN IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Creators: name: Polunina, Ekaterina A.
name: Kuzmichev, Kirill Yu.
name: Voronina, Lyudmila P.
name: Polunina, Olga S.
Publisher: name: Astrakhan State Medical University
Year: 2020

description: In the course of work, 104 patients diagnosed with Acute Coronary Syndrome referral studied levels of biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction - asymmetric dimethylarginine, a highly sensitive C-reactive protein, fractalkine and transferrin. Patients with acute coronary syndrome were divided into two main groups - with unstable angina (n = 41) and with acute myocardial infarction (n = 63). In the first group, two subgroups were identified - patients with first-onset angina (n = 15) and patients with advanced angina (n = 26). As a control group, 20 somatically healthy individuals were examined. As a result of the study, all patients with acute coronary syndrome showed statistically significant changes in the levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, fractalkine and transferrin compared to the group of somatically healthy individuals. The most pronounced changes in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction biomarker levels are found in the group of patients with acute myocardial infarction. From the results of correlation analysis, the presence of relationships between the levels of biomarkers studied was revealed. The greater strength of the relationships found was recorded in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The highest Spearman correlation coefficient (r) values were observed in all study groups of patients with acute coronary syndrome between asymmetric dimethylarginine and transferrin levels. Key words: acute coronary syndrome, asymmetric dimethylarginine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fractalkine, transferrin.
Reviewer Assignment Problem: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Aksoy, Meltem
name: Yanik, Seda
name: Amasyali, Mehmet Fatih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Appropriate reviewer assignment significantly impacts the quality of proposal evaluation, as accurate and fair reviews are contingent on their assignment to relevant reviewers. The crucial task of assigning reviewers to submitted proposals is the starting point of the review process and is also known as the reviewer assignment problem (RAP). Due to the obvious restrictions of manual assignment, journal editors, conference organizers, and grant managers demand automatic reviewer assignment approaches. Many studies have proposed assignment solutions in response to the demand for automated procedures since 1992. The primary objective of this survey paper is to provide scholars and practitioners with a comprehensive overview of available research on the RAP. To achieve this goal, this article presents an in-depth systematic review of 103 publications in the field of reviewer assignment published in the past three decades and available in the Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar databases. This review paper classified and discussed the RAP approaches into two broad categories and numerous subcategories based on their underlying techniques. Furthermore, potential future research directions for each category are presented. This survey shows that the research on the RAP is becoming more significant and that more effort is required to develop new approaches and a framework.
description: 67 pages, 11 figures
"ANA-SUSY-2018-12.cxx" of "Search for a scalar partner of the top quark in the all-hadronic $t\bar{t}$ plus missing transverse momentum final state at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2021

description: SimpleAnalysis implementation of the analysis selection at the truth-level.
description: No data abstract available.
Supplementary material of "Hepatitis C Core Antigen test as an alternative for diagnosing HCV infection: mathematical model and cost-effectiveness analysis"
Creators: name: Sadeghimehr, Maryam
name: Keiser, Olivia
name: Negro, Francesco
name: Butsashvili, Maia
name: Sonjelle Shilton
name: Tskhomelidze, Irina
name: Tsereteli, Maia
name: Bertisch, Barbara
name: Estill, Janne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This resource includes the supplementary material to the article titled "Hepatitis C Core Antigen test as an alternative for diagnosing HCV infection: mathematical model and cost-effectiveness analysis".
The formation of entropy cores in non-radiative galaxy cluster simulations: SPH versus AMR
Creators: name: Power, C.
name: Read, J. I.
name: Hobbs, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Abridged: We simulate a massive galaxy cluster in a LCDM Universe using three different approaches to solving the equations of non-radiative hydrodynamics: `classic' Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH); a novel SPH with a higher order dissipation switch (SPHS); and adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). We find that SPHS and AMR are in excellent agreement, with both forming a well-defined entropy core that rapidly converges with increasing mass and force resolution. By contrast, SPH exhibits rather different behaviour. At low redshift, entropy decreases systematically with decreasing cluster-centric radius, converging on ever lower central values with increasing resolution. At higher redshift, SPH is in better agreement with SPHS and AMR but shows much poorer numerical convergence. We trace these discrepancies to artificial surface tension in SPH at phase boundaries. At early times, the passage of massive substructures close to the cluster centre stirs and shocks gas to build an entropy core. At later times, artificial surface tension causes low entropy gas to sink artificially to the centre of the cluster. We use SPHS to study the contribution of numerical versus physical dissipation on the entropy core, and argue that numerical dissipation is required to ensure single-valued fluid quantities in converging flows. However, provided this dissipation occurs only at the resolution limit, and provided that it does not propagate errors to larger scales, its effect is benign. There is no requirement to build `sub-grid' models of unresolved turbulence for galaxy cluster simulations. We conclude that entropy cores in non-radiative simulations of galaxy clusters are physical, resulting from entropy generation in shocked gas during cluster assembly, putting to rest the long-standing puzzle of cluster entropy cores in AMR simulations versus their apparent absence in classic SPH simulations.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures; submitted to MNRAS
Multi-Task Recommendations with Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Liu, Ziru
name: Tian, Jiejie
name: Cai, Qingpeng
name: Zhao, Xiangyu
name: Gao, Jingtong
name: Liu, Shuchang
name: Chen, Dayou
name: He, Tonghao
name: Zheng, Dong
name: Jiang, Peng
name: Gai, Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, Multi-task Learning (MTL) has yielded immense success in Recommender System (RS) applications. However, current MTL-based recommendation models tend to disregard the session-wise patterns of user-item interactions because they are predominantly constructed based on item-wise datasets. Moreover, balancing multiple objectives has always been a challenge in this field, which is typically avoided via linear estimations in existing works. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose a Reinforcement Learning (RL) enhanced MTL framework, namely RMTL, to combine the losses of different recommendation tasks using dynamic weights. To be specific, the RMTL structure can address the two aforementioned issues by (i) constructing an MTL environment from session-wise interactions and (ii) training multi-task actor-critic network structure, which is compatible with most existing MTL-based recommendation models, and (iii) optimizing and fine-tuning the MTL loss function using the weights generated by critic networks. Experiments on two real-world public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of RMTL with a higher AUC against state-of-the-art MTL-based recommendation models. Additionally, we evaluate and validate RMTL's compatibility and transferability across various MTL models.
description: TheWebConf2023
An active poroelastic model for mechanochemical patterns in protoplasmic droplets of Physarum polycephalum
Creators: name: Radszuweit, Markus
name: Engel, Harald
name: Bär, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental studies, we derive and analyze a twodimensional model for the contraction patterns observed in protoplasmic droplets of Physarum polycephalum. The model couples a model of an active poroelastic two-phase medium with equations describing the spatiotemporal dynamics of the intracellular free calcium concentration. The poroelastic medium is assumed to consist of an active viscoelastic solid representing the cytoskeleton and a viscous fluid describing the cytosol. The model equations for the poroelastic medium are obtained from continuum force-balance equations that include the relevant mechanical fields and an incompressibility relation for the two-phase medium. The reaction-diffusion equations for the calcium dynamics in the protoplasm of Physarum are extended by advective transport due to the flow of the cytosol generated by mechanical stresses. Moreover, we assume that the active tension in the solid cytoskeleton is regulated by the calcium concentration in the fluid phase at the same location, which introduces a chemomechanical feedback. A linear stability analysis of the homogeneous state without deformation and cytosolic flows exhibits an oscillatory Turing instability for a large enough mechanochemical coupling strength. Numerical simulations of the model equations reproduce a large variety of wave patterns, including traveling and standing waves, turbulent patterns, rotating spirals and antiphase oscillations in line with experimental observations of contraction patterns in the protoplasmic droplets.
description: Additional supplemental material is supplied
"param_card_stop_bffN_500_493.dat" of "Search for a scalar partner of the top quark in the all-hadronic $t\bar{t}$ plus missing transverse momentum final state at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2021

description: SLHA file for a 4-body benchmark signal $(\it{m}_{\tilde{t}}, \it{m}_{\tilde{\chi^{0}_{1}}})= (500,493)\ \mathrm{GeV}.$
description: No data abstract available.
Time optimization and state-dependent constraints in the quantum optimal control of molecular orientation
Creators: name: Ndong, M.
name: Koch, C.
name: Sugny, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply two recent generalizations of monotonically convergent optimization algorithms to the control of molecular orientation by laser fields. We show how to minimize the control duration by a step-wise optimization and maximize the field-free molecular orientation using state-dependent constraints. We discuss the physical relevance of the different results.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. Submitted J. Mod. Opt. (2013)
Observation of large-scale multi-agent based simulations
Creators: name: Morvan, Gildas
name: Veremme, Alexandre
name: Dupont, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The computational cost of large-scale multi-agent based simulations (MABS) can be extremely important, especially if simulations have to be monitored for validation purposes. In this paper, two methods, based on self-observation and statistical survey theory, are introduced in order to optimize the computation of observations in MABS. An empirical comparison of the computational cost of these methods is performed on a toy problem.
Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer ready for flight -- review of final performance
Creators: name: Medinaceli, E.
name: Valenziano, L.
name: Auricchio, N.
name: Franceschi, E.
name: Gianotti, F.
name: Battaglia, P.
name: Farinelli, R.
name: Balestra, A.
name: Dusini, S.
name: Sirignano, C.
name: Borsato, E.
name: Stanco, L.
name: Renzi, A.
name: Troja, A.
name: Gabarra, L.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Capobianco, V.
name: Corcione, L.
name: Bonino, D.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Patrizii, L.
name: Tenti, M.
name: Di Ferdinando, D.
name: Valieri, C.
name: Mauri, N.
name: Giacomini, F.
name: Mignant, D. Le
name: Prieto, E.
name: Carle, M.
name: Ducret, F.
name: Gillard, W.
name: Secroun, A.
name: Maciaszek, T.
name: Ferriol, S.
name: Barbier, R.
name: Grupp, F.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Pniel, M.
name: Waczynski, A.
name: Prado, S.
name: Seiffert, M.
name: Jhabvala, M.
name: Laureijs, RJ.
name: Racca, G.
name: Salvignol, JC.
name: Boenke, T.
name: Strada, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ESA's mission Euclid, while undertaking its final integration stage, is fully qualified. Euclid will perform an extragalactic survey ($0
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
Near-infrared spectropolarimetry of a delta-spot
Creators: name: Balthasar, H.
name: Beck, C.
name: Louis, R. E.
name: Verma, M.
name: Denker, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunspots harboring umbrae of both magnetic polarities within a common penumbra (delta-spots) are often but not always related to flares. We present first near-infrared (NIR) observations (Fe I 1078.3 nm and Si I 1078.6 nm spectra) obtained with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter (TIP) at the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) in Tenerife on 2012 June 17, which afford accurate and sensitive diagnostics to scrutinize the complex fields along the magnetic neutral line of a delta-spot within active region NOAA 11504. We examine the vector magnetic field, line-of-sight (LOS) velocities, and horizontal proper motions of this rather inactive delta-spot. We find a smooth transition of the magnetic vector field from the main umbra to that of opposite polarity (delta-umbra), but a discontinuity of the horizontal magnetic field at some distance from the delta-umbra on the polarity inversion line. The magnetic field decreases faster with height by a factor of two above the delta-umbra. The latter is surrounded by its own Evershed flow. The Evershed flow coming from the main umbra ends at a line dividing the spot into two parts. This line is marked by the occurrence of central emission in the Ca II 854.2 nm line. Along this line, high chromospheric LOS-velocities of both signs appear. We detect a shear flow within the horizontal flux transport velocities parallel to the dividing line.
description: 4 pages, will appear as Letter in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Catch Me If You Can: Improving Adversaries in Cyber-Security With Q-Learning Algorithms
Creators: name: Bandhana, Arti
name: Lukáš, Ondřej
name: Garcia, Sebastian
name: Kroupa, Tomáš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ongoing rise in cyberattacks and the lack of skilled professionals in the cybersecurity domain to combat these attacks show the need for automated tools capable of detecting an attack with good performance. Attackers disguise their actions and launch attacks that consist of multiple actions, which are difficult to detect. Therefore, improving defensive tools requires their calibration against a well-trained attacker. In this work, we propose a model of an attacking agent and environment and evaluate its performance using basic Q-Learning, Naive Q-learning, and DoubleQ-Learning, all of which are variants of Q-Learning. The attacking agent is trained with the goal of exfiltrating data whereby all the hosts in the network have a non-zero detection probability. Results show that the DoubleQ-Learning agent has the best overall performance rate by successfully achieving the goal in $70\%$ of the interactions.
CatAlyst: Domain-Extensible Intervention for Preventing Task Procrastination Using Large Generative Models
Creators: name: Arakawa, Riku
name: Yakura, Hiromu
name: Goto, Masataka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: CatAlyst uses generative models to help workers' progress by influencing their task engagement instead of directly contributing to their task outputs. It prompts distracted workers to resume their tasks by generating a continuation of their work and presenting it as an intervention that is more context-aware than conventional (predetermined) feedback. The prompt can function by drawing their interest and lowering the hurdle for resumption even when the generated continuation is insufficient to substitute their work, while recent human-AI collaboration research aiming at work substitution depends on a stable high accuracy. This frees CatAlyst from domain-specific model-tuning and makes it applicable to various tasks. Our studies involving writing and slide-editing tasks demonstrated CatAlyst's effectiveness in helping workers swiftly resume tasks with a lowered cognitive load. The results suggest a new form of human-AI collaboration where large generative models publicly available but imperfect for each individual domain can contribute to workers' digital well-being.
description: Accepted by ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23)
Algorithms for square-$3PC(\cdot, \cdot)$-free Berge graphs
Creators: name: Maffray, Frédéric
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
name: Vušković, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the class of graphs containing no odd hole, no odd antihole, and no configuration consisting of three paths between two nodes such that any two of the paths induce a hole, and at least two of the paths are of length 2. This class generalizes claw-free Berge graphs and square-free Berge graphs. We give a combinatorial algorithm of complexity $O(n^{7})$ to find a clique of maximum weight in such a graph. We also consider several subgraph-detection problems related to this class.
Exploring Crossmodal Interaction of Tactile and Visual Cues on Temperature Perception in Virtual Reality: a Preliminary Study
Creators: name: Helfenstein-Didier, Clémentine
name: Dhouib, Amira
name: Favre, Florent
name: Pascal, Jonathan
name: Baert, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: VEs are typically limited to visual and auditory cues; however, recent results show that multiple sensory modalities increase the immersion. In this study, an experimental protocol is proposed to recreate multiple tactile, in particular thermal, sensations in VR. The aim is twofold: (1) studying the performance of different devices for creating warm and cold sensations with regards to their efficiency and acoustic disturbance; and (2) investigating the interdependency between visual and tactile stimuli in the perception of temperature. 14 participants performed two experimental studies. Our results show no acoustic disturbance of the materials used. Spot projector is more efficient than fan heater to create a warm sensation; fan + water spray is more efficient than fan alone to create cold sensation. Moreover, no significant contribution of visual cue on the thermal perception was found except for the extremely cold simulation (snow visualization and thermal stimulation performed with fan + water spray).
Imaginary-time theory for triple-alpha reaction rate
Creators: name: Akahori, T.
name: Funaki, Y.
name: Yabana, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using imaginary-time theory, it is shown that the triple-alpha reaction rate can be reliably calculated without the need to solve scattering problems involving three charged particles. The calculated reaction rate is found to agree well with the empirical NACRE rate, which is widely adopted in stellar evolution calculations. The reason for this is explained using $R$-matrix theory. Extremely slow convergence is found to occur when a coupled-channel expansion is introduced, which helps to explain the very different reaction rates obtained using different theoretical approaches.
Unification based on the mysterious cubic-structure grouping of quarks and leptons
Creators: name: Mehrafarin, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unification model based on the well-known but mysterious cubic-structure grouping of quarks and leptons that suggests an underlying symmetry connection deemed explainable by a unified theory. It results in an extension of the Pati-Salam model that consolidates the fermions into two sixteen-dimensional chiral representations of the gauge group. Moreover, the discrete cubic flavor symmetry arbitrarily conjectured in the literature is found here to be implied by the gauge symmetry. Furthermore, the gauge algebra also describes an eleven-dimensional spacetime decomposed into the usual spacetime and the seven-sphere, which is the manifold of unit octonions. This suggests such a spacetime is apt for embracing all elementary particles and their interactions.
description: To appear in Physica Scripta 2023
The Micro-Paper: Towards cheaper, citable research ideas and conversations
Creators: name: Elavsky, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Academic, peer-reviewed short papers are a common way to present a late-breaking work to the academic community that outlines preliminary findings, research ideas, and novel conversations. By comparison, blogging or writing posts on social media are an unstructured and open way to discuss ideas and start new conversations. Both have limitations in the proliferation of research ideas. The short paper format relies on the conference and journal submission process while blogging does not operate within a structured format or set of expectations at all. However, at times the demand exists for late-breaking ideas and conversations to arise in a raw form or with urgency but should still be archived and recorded in a way that promotes citational honesty and integrity. To address this, I present: The Micro-Paper, as a micro-paper itself. The Micro-Paper is a small, cheap, accessible, digital document that is self-published and archived, akin to a pre-print of a short paper. This meta micro-paper discusses the context, goals, and considerations of micro-paper authoring.
description: 2 pages, 1 page of references, 1 figure
Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering profiles of air at different temperatures and pressures
Creators: name: Gu, Ziyu
name: Witschas, Benjamin
name: van de Water, Willem
name: Ubachs, Wim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rayleigh Brillouin (RB) scattering profiles for air have been recorded for the temperature range from 255 to 340 K and the pressure range from 640 to 3300 mbar, covering the conditions relevant for the Earth's atmosphere and for planned atmospheric light detection and ranging (LIDAR) missions. The measurements performed at a wavelength of 366.8 nm detect spontaneous RB scattering at a 90 degree scattering angle from a sensitive intracavity setup, delivering scattering profiles at a 1 percent rms noise level or better. The elusive transport coefficient, the bulk viscosity, is effectively derived by a comparing the measurements to the model, yielding an increased trend. The calculated (Tenti S6) line shapes are consistent with experimental data at the level of 2 percent, meeting the requirements for the future RB scattering LIDAR missions in the Earth's atmosphere. However, the systematic 2 percent deviation may imply that the model has a limit to describe the finest details of RB scattering in air. Finally, it is demonstrated that the RB scattering data in combination with the Tenti S6 model can be used to retrieve the actual gas temperatures.
Advancing Post Hoc Case Based Explanation with Feature Highlighting
Creators: name: Kenny, Eoin
name: Delaney, Eoin
name: Keane, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; F.2

description: Explainable AI (XAI) has been proposed as a valuable tool to assist in downstream tasks involving human and AI collaboration. Perhaps the most psychologically valid XAI techniques are case based approaches which display 'whole' exemplars to explain the predictions of black box AI systems. However, for such post hoc XAI methods dealing with images, there has been no attempt to improve their scope by using multiple clear feature 'parts' of the images to explain the predictions while linking back to relevant cases in the training data, thus allowing for more comprehensive explanations that are faithful to the underlying model. Here, we address this gap by proposing two general algorithms (latent and super pixel based) which can isolate multiple clear feature parts in a test image, and then connect them to the explanatory cases found in the training data, before testing their effectiveness in a carefully designed user study. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach appropriately calibrates a users feelings of 'correctness' for ambiguous classifications in real world data on the ImageNet dataset, an effect which does not happen when just showing the explanation without feature highlighting.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Cosmology with viscous generalized Chaplygin gas in $f(Q)$ gravity
Creators: name: Gadbail, Gaurav N.
name: Arora, Simran
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the hybrid model of bulk viscosity and generalized chaplygin gas (GCG), named the viscous generalized chaplygin gas (VGCG) model, which is thought to be an alternate dark fluid of the universe. We explore the dynamics of the VGCG model in the framework of the non-metricity $f(Q)$ gravity using the functional form $f(Q)=βQ^n$, where $β$ and $n$ are arbitrary constants. For the purpose of constraining model parameters, we use recent observational datasets such as Observational Hubble data, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, and Type $Ia$ supernovae data. According to our study, the evolution of the deceleration parameter $q$ and the equation of state (EoS) parameter $w$ show a transition from deceleration to an acceleration phase and its deviation from the $Λ$CDM model.
description: Annals of Physics published version
Virulence as a Model for Interplanetary and Interstellar Colonisation - Parasitism or Mutualism
Creators: name: Starling, Jonathan
name: Forgan, Duncan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the light of current scientific assessments of human-induced climate change, we investigate an experimental model to inform how resource-use strategies may influence interplanetary and interstellar colonisation by intelligent civilisations. In doing so, we seek to provide an additional aspect for refining the famed Fermi Paradox. The model described is necessarily simplistic, and the intent is to simply obtain some general insights to inform and inspire additional models. We model the relationship between an intelligent civilisation and its host planet as symbiotic, where the the relationship between the symbiont and the host species (the civilisation and the planets ecology, respectively) determines the fitness and ultimate survival of both organisms. We perform a series of Monte Carlo Realisation simulations, where civilisations pursue a variety of different relationships/strategies with their host planet, from mutualism to parasitism, and can consequently 'infect' other planets/hosts. We find that parasitic civilisations are generally less effective at survival than mutualist civilisations, provided that interstellar colonisation is inefficient (the maximum velocity of colonisation/infection is low). However, as the colonisation velocity is increased, the strategy of parasitism becomes more successful, until they dominate the 'population'. This is in accordance with predictions based on island biogeography and r/K selection theory. While heavily assumption dependent, we contend that this provides a fertile approach for further application of insights from theoretical ecology for extraterrestrial colonisation - while also potentially offering insights for understanding the human-Earth relationship and the potential for extraterrestrial human colonisation.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, published in the International Journal of Astrobiology
Review on Infrared Nanospectroscopy of Natural 2D Phyllosilicates
Creators: name: De Oliveira, Raphaela
name: Cadore, Alisson R.
name: Freitas, Raul O.
name: Barcelos, Ingrid D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phyllosilicates emerge as a promising class of large bandgap lamellar insulators. Their applications have been explored from fabrication of graphene-based devices to 2D heterostructures based on transition metal dicalcogenides with enhanced optical and polaritonics properties. In this review, we provide an overview on the use of IR s-SNOM for studying nano-optics and local chemistry of a variety of 2D natural phyllosilicates. Finally, we bring a brief update on applications that combine natural lamellar minerals into multifunctional nanophotonic devices driven by electrical control.
description: 11 pages, 11 figs
Generalized Onsager theory for strongly anisometric patchy colloids
Creators: name: Wensink, H. H.
name: Trizac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implications of soft `patchy' interactions on the orientational disorder-order transition of strongly elongated colloidal rods and flat disks is studied within a simple Onsager-van der Waals density functional theory. The theory provides a generic framework for studying the liquid crystal phase behaviour of highly anisometric cylindrical colloids, which carry a distinct geometrical pattern of repulsive or attractive soft interactions localised on the particle surface. In this paper, we apply our theory to the case of charged rods and disks for which the local electrostatic interactions can be described by a screened-Coulomb potential. We consider infinitely thin rod-like cylinders with a uniform line charge and infinitely thin discotic cylinders with several distinctly different surface charge patterns. Irrespective of the backbone shape, the isotropic-nematic phase diagrams of charged colloids feature a generic destabilization of nematic order, a dramatic narrowing of the biphasic density region and a reentrant phenomenon upon reducing the electrostatic screening. At higher particle density the electrostatic repulsion leads to a complete suppression of nematic order in favour of spatially inhomogeneous liquid crystals.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Empirical neutron star mass formula based on experimental observables
Creators: name: Sotani, Hajime
name: Naito, Tomoya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the empirical formulae expressing the mass and gravitational redshift of a neutron star, whose central density is less than threefold the nuclear saturation density, as a function of the neutron-skin thickness or the dipole polarizability of $ {}^{208} \mathrm{Pb} $ or $ {}^{132} \mathrm{Sn} $, especially focusing on the 8 Skyrme-type effective interactions. The neutron star mass and its gravitational redshift can be estimated within $ \approx 10 \, \% $ errors with our formulae, while the neutron star radius is also expected within a few $\%$ errors by combining the derived formulae. Owing to the resultant empirical formulae, we find that the neutron star mass and radius are more sensitive to the neutron-skin thickness of $ {}^{208} \mathrm{Pb} $ than the dipole polarizability of $ {}^{208} \mathrm{Pb} $ or $ {}^{132} \mathrm{Sn} $.
description: Accepted for publication in RPC
Topologically protected conduction state at carbon foam surfaces:An ab-initio study
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhen
name: Fthenakis, Zacharias G.
name: Guan, Jie
name: Tománek, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report results of \textit{ab initio} electronic structure and quantum conductance calculations indicating the emergence of conduction at the surface of semiconducting carbon foams. Occurrence of new conduction states is intimately linked to the topology of the surface and not limited to foams of elemental carbon. Our interpretation based on rehybridization theory indicates that conduction in the foam derives from first- and second-neighbor interactions between $p_\|$ orbitals lying in the surface plane, which are related to $p_\perp$ orbitals of graphene. The topologically protected conducting state occurs on bare and hydrogen-terminated foam surfaces and is thus unrelated to dangling bonds. Our results for carbon foam indicate that the conductance behavior may be further significantly modified by surface patterning.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Skyrmion confinement in ultrathin film nanostructures in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Rohart, S.
name: Thiaville, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the modification of micromagnetic configurations in nanostructures, due to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) that appear at the interface of an ultrathin film. We show that this interaction leads to new micromagnetic boundary conditions that bend the magnetization at the edges. We explore several cases of ultrathin film nanostructures that allow analytical calculations (1D systems, domain walls, cycloids and skyrmions), compare with fully numerical calculations, and show that a good physical understanding of this new type of micromagnetics can be reached. We particularly focus on skyrmions confined in circular nanodots and show that edges allow for the isolation of single skyrmions for a large range of the DMI parameter.
description: Author adress: Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS UMR 8502, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France
Experimental certification of contextuality, coherence and dimension in a programmable universal photonic processor
Creators: name: Giordani, Taira
name: Wagner, Rafael
name: Esposito, Chiara
name: Camillini, Anita
name: Hoch, Francesco
name: Carvacho, Gonzalo
name: Pentangelo, Ciro
name: Ceccarelli, Francesco
name: Piacentini, Simone
name: Crespi, Andrea
name: Spagnolo, Nicolò
name: Osellame, Roberto
name: Galvão, Ernesto F.
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum superposition of high-dimensional states enables both computational speed-up and security in cryptographic protocols. However, the exponential complexity of tomographic processes makes certification of these properties a challenging task. In this work, we experimentally certify coherence witnesses tailored for quantum systems of increasing dimension, using pairwise overlap measurements enabled by a six-mode universal photonic processor fabricated with a femtosecond laser writing technology. In particular, we show the effectiveness of the proposed coherence and dimension witnesses for qudits of dimensions up to 5. We also demonstrate advantage in a quantum interrogation task, and show it is fueled by quantum contextuality. Our experimental results testify to the efficiency of this novel approach for the certification of quantum properties in programmable integrated photonic platforms
description: 9 pages, 5 figures + Supplementary Information
Community Radiative Transfer Model v2.4.0 User Guide
Creators: name: Johnson, Benjamin T.
name: Cheng, Dang
name: Stegmann, Patrick
name: van Delst, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: CRTM, Community Radiative Transfer Model

description: A software guide and technical documentation for the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) version 2.4.0. Prepared and released as part of the CRTM v2.4.0 package (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7415561).
Controllable directive radiation of a magnetic dipole above planar metal surface
Creators: name: Xi, Zheng
name: Lu, Yonghua
name: Yao, Peijun
name: Yu, Wenhai
name: Wang, Pei
name: Ming, Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report unidirectional radiation of a magnetic dipole above planar metal surface, the radiation direction can be manipulated via changing the distance between the dipole and the surface. This phenomenon is unique for the combination of magnetic dipole and metal surface and does not happen for linear polarized dipole on metal surface or magnetic dipole on dielectric surface. The underlining physics is analytically disclosed by the interference of two orthogonally-oriented dipole component with π/2 phase lag. A substantially different mechanism of introducing the vectorial nature of the dipole itself to control light emission distinguishes the present scheme from nanoantenna and provides a new degree of freedom in light emission engineering.
Time-reversal asymmetry in financial systems
Creators: name: Jiang, X. F.
name: Chen, T. T.
name: Zheng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Trading and Market Microstructure (q-fin.TR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the large-fluctuation dynamics in financial markets, based on the minute-to-minute and daily data of the Chinese Indices and German DAX. The dynamic relaxation both before and after the large fluctuations is characterized by a power law, and the exponents $p_\pm$ usually vary with the strength of the large fluctuations. The large-fluctuation dynamics is time-reversal symmetric at the time scale in minutes, while asymmetric at the daily time scale. Careful analysis reveals that the time-reversal asymmetry is mainly induced by external forces. It is also the external forces which drive the financial system to a non-stationary state. Different characteristics of the Chinese and German stock markets are uncovered.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, Accepted by Physica A. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1002.3747
"slhas.tar.gz" of "Search for long-lived particles using nonprompt jets and missing transverse momentum with proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV"
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2019

description: SLHA files for benchmark GMSB models with $m_\tilde{g} = 1000, 2400, 3000$ GeV and $c\tau_{0} = 1, 10, 30$ m
description: A search for long-lived particles decaying to displaced, nonprompt jets and missing transverse momentum is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 $\textrm{fb}^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016--2018. Candidate signal events containing nonprompt jets are identified using the timing capabilities of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. The results of the search are consistent with the background prediction and are interpreted using a gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking reference model with a gluino next-to-lightest supersymmetric particle. In this model, gluino masses up to 2100, 2500, and 1900 GeV are excluded at $95\%$ confidence level for proper decay lengths of 0.3, 1, and 100 m, respectively. These are the best limits to date for such massive gluinos with proper decay lengths greater than $\sim$0.5 m.
title: The Economic Burden of Tuberculosis and the Mitigation Effect of Social Protection: A Population-Based Study in Ghana
Creators: name: Pedrazzoli, D
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2020

description: Background: Tuberculosis (TB), a major global public health concern, is known as a disease of the poor. However, evidence on the economic burden of TB is limited, and so is the literature on the impact of poverty alleviation strategies, such as social protection (SP), on financial protection for TB patients. This PhD aimed to contribute to the body of knowledge on the costs and affordability of TB care, and on the potential mitigation effect of SP on TB patient costs. Conceptual analyses and empirical data I collected as part of a nationally representative TB patient cost survey in Ghana were used to address these objectives: 1) Provide evidence on the level, and composition, of costs incurred by TB-affected households and affordability of TB care; 2) Investigate determinants of costs, and the impact of National Health Insurance (NHIS) on costs; 3) Explore the potential impact of costs on TB treatment outcomes. Results: This thesis showed that TB patients in Ghana face financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to the cost of TB care. The poorest and those with drug-resistant TB have increased odds of experiencing catastrophic costs. NHIS in its current form is not effective in defraying costs, and its expansion will not be effective to relieve the financial burden for TB-affected households. Further, this thesis did not find an effect of costs on treatment outcomes as, like most TB patient cost surveys, our study was not powered to detect such an association. Conclusion: SP schemes require enhancement if they are to protect TB patients from financial catastrophe. Evidence generated from this thesis provides original insights into affordability of TB care, lending weight to policy recommendations on financial protection for TB patients. This PhD also shows both the potential and limitations of TB patient cost surveys to assess the impact of social protection strategies on costs, and of TB-related costs on treatment outcomes, thus calling for further methodological developments, and outlining a clear map for future research.
Graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide as a semitransparent electrode for organic electronic
Creators: name: Krukowski, Paweł
name: Piskorski, Michał
name: Udovytska, Ruslana
name: Kowalczyk, Dorota A.
name: Lutsyk, Iaroslav
name: Rogala, Maciej
name: Dąbrowski, Paweł
name: Kozłowski, Witold
name: Łuszczyńska, Beata
name: Jung, Jarosław
name: Ulański, Jacek
name: Matuszek, Krzysztof
name: Nadolska, Aleksandra
name: Przybysz, Przemysław
name: Ryś, Wojciech
name: Toczek, Klaudia
name: Dunal, Rafał
name: Krempiński, Patryk
name: Czerwińska, Justyna
name: Ster, Maxime Le
name: Skulimowski, Marcin
name: Kowalczyk, Paweł J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our research shows that commercially available graphene on quartz modified with rhenium oxide meets the requirements for its use as a conductive and transparent anode in optoelectronic devices. The cluster growth of rhenium oxide enables an increase in the work function of graphene by 1.3 eV up to 5.2 eV, which guarantees an appropriate adjustment to the energy levels of the organic semiconductors used in OLED devices.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
title: INFLUENCE OF Leu-Ile-Lys-Met TETRAPEPTIDE ON THE KIDNEY FUNCTION AT EXPERIMENTAL OXALATE NEPHROLITHIASIS
Creators: name: Zharikov, Aleksandr Yu.
name: Yakushev, Nikolay N.
name: Mazko, Olesya N.
name: Makarova, Olesya G.
Publisher: name: Astrakhan State Medical University
Year: 2020

description: The study aimed to analyse the effect of the Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide on the function of the kidneys and the formation of renal calculi in rats with experimental 6-week oxalate nephrolithiasis. The experiments were conducted on 20 outbred male Wistar rats 2–3 months old and weighing 250–300 grams, divided equally into 2 groups – comparison (6 weeks of nephrolithiasis modeling) and experimental (6 weeks of nephrolithiasis simulation + daily intragastric administration of tetrapeptide Leu-Ile-Lys-Met at a dose of 12 mg/kg from 4 to 6 weeks). Oxalate nephrolithiasis was modelled using a conventional ethylene glycol model. Before starting nephrolithiasis modelling, and then every 7 days in urine, biochemical parameters of renal function were determined: diuresis, creatinine excretion and activity of marker enzymes of nephrothelial damage – lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyltransferase. After 6 weeks of the experiment, the rats were euthanized under ether anaesthesia and kidneys were removed for morphological assessment of the degree of intensity of stone formation. It was established that the level of diuresis in both groups throughout the experiment remained stable and did not differ between the groups. Creatinine excretion in the comparison group by the end of the experiment decreased by 2 times (p = 0,017), and remained stable in the experimental group. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase and γ-glutamyltransferase in the experimental group by the end of treatment was significantly lower than the level of the comparisons group. Thus, it was found that the three-week use of the Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide in experimental oxalate nephrolithiasis normalizes renal function and weakens nephrocyte damage, which is accompanied by the absence of signs of stone formation in the kidneys. Key words: Leu-Ile-Lys-Met tetrapeptide, oxalate nephrolithiasis, kidney function.