cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Beginner's Guide to the Understanding of Integral Continuum Approaches Applied to the Formulation of Flow and Transport Equation in Porous Media Systems
Creators: name: Weeber, Philip A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Standard approaches exist in many fields of science and engineering for the description of multiphase flow and transport phenomena in porous media; we focus on multiphase subsurface systems in this work. The common approach to the formulation of balance equations for such systems is limited by several inconsistencies and approximations that affect the accuracy of these formulations in a manner and to an extent that is not well understood. The constitutive relations traditionally applied have evolved under restrictive assumptions and conditions yet are routinely applied to systems that are much different. Additionally, paradoxes exist in the commonly applied constitutive relations. The integral continuum approach yields a complete formal averaging formulation of mass, momentum, and energy balance laws for volumes, interfaces, and contact lines. This formulation can be constrained by entropy balance relations to yield a more complete and thermodynamically consistent description of multiphase flow and transport phenomena than is available through standard approaches. In this work, we:(1) review the standard approach for modeling multiphase flow and transport, noting inconsistencies and limitations; (2) outline the integral continuum approach at the microscale and macroscale; (4) compare and contrast the balance equations resulting from the approaches; (5) derive integral continuum balance equations, formally averaged from th emicroscale to the macroscale, for volumes, interfaces, and contact lines; (6) apply the integral continuum balance equations to a two fluid-phase subsurface system; (7) constrain the application thermodynamically utilizing the methodology of Coleman and Noll [1963]; and (8) comment on the unresolved issues facing the application of integral continuum approaches, noting promising approaches for the resolution of these issues.
title: High frequency US of the temporomandibualar joint (TMJ) - practical guide
Creators: name: Olchowy, Cyprian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this presentation is to: 1. illustrate the normal anatomy and abnormalities of the TMJ 2. present “tricks and tips” helping to obtain highly diagnostic images. 3. make o proposal easy-to-follow check-list protocol 4. show...
Pilot 2 analysis code
Creators: name: Ropovik, Ivan
name: Sawicki, Przemysław
name: Idzikowska, Katarzyna
name: Razza, Timothy
name: Gawryluk, Katarzyna
name: Day, Christopher
name: IJzerman, Hans
name: Ebersole, Charles
name: Tidwell, Natasha
name: Lima, Tiago
name: Wolf, Daniel
name: Novak, Sarah
name: Collins, W.
name: Menon, Madhavi
name: de Souza, Luana
name: Boucher, Leanne
name: Bialek, Michal
name: Kraus, Sue
name: Weissgerber, Sophia
name: Baník, Gabriel
name: Kołodziej, Sabina
name: Babincak, Peter
name: Schütz, Astrid
name: Sternglanz, R. Weylin
name: Sullivan, Gavin
name: Markiewicz, Łukasz
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: R code for the analysis of Pilot 2
Supplementary document for Millihertz Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Combining Heterodyne Readout Based on Solid-spin Sensors - 6216906.pdf
Creators: name: Fan, Pengcheng
name: Zhang, Jixing
name: Cui, Zhiying
name: Xu, Lixia
name: Bian, Guodong
name: Li, Mingxin
name: yuan, heng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Additional details of system Hamiltonian, the evolution of states, the theory of the heterodyne readout, experimental methods and comparison of this work with the state-of-art results.
Pilot 1 analysis code
Creators: name: Ropovik, Ivan
name: Sawicki, Przemysław
name: Idzikowska, Katarzyna
name: Razza, Timothy
name: Gawryluk, Katarzyna
name: Day, Christopher
name: IJzerman, Hans
name: Ebersole, Charles
name: Tidwell, Natasha
name: Lima, Tiago
name: Wolf, Daniel
name: Novak, Sarah
name: Collins, W.
name: Menon, Madhavi
name: de Souza, Luana
name: Boucher, Leanne
name: Bialek, Michal
name: Kraus, Sue
name: Weissgerber, Sophia
name: Baník, Gabriel
name: Kołodziej, Sabina
name: Babincak, Peter
name: Schütz, Astrid
name: Sternglanz, R. Weylin
name: Sullivan, Gavin
name: Markiewicz, Łukasz
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: R code for the analysis of Pilot 1
Logically reversible measurements: Construction and application
Creators: name: Kim, Sunho
name: Wang, Juncheng
name: Kumar, Asutosh
name: Soeda, Akihito
name: Wu, Junde
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for any von Neumann measurement, we can construct a logically reversible measurement such that Shannon entropies and quantum discords induced by the two measurements have compact connections. In particular, we prove that quantum discord for the logically reversible measurement is never less than that for the von Neumann measurement.
Additional file 6 of Characterizing PFAS hazards and risks: a human population-based in vitro cardiotoxicity assessment strategy
Creators: name: Ford, Lucie C.
name: Lin, Hsing-Chieh
name: Zhou, Yi-Hui
name: Wright, Fred A.
name: Gombar, Vijay K.
name: Sedykh, Alexander
name: Shah, Ruchir R.
name: Chiu, Weihsueh A.
name: Rusyn, Ivan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 6
Disinfection of Stored Water by Antimicrobial Granular Metallic Particles
Creators: name: Witsil, Tucker
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Granular metals may be practical and useful for point-of-use (POU) water disinfection. This study evaluated cloth pouches containing different proportions of granular copper, zinc, and silver, or brass, as reusable point-of-use disinfectants in stored drinking water. Pouch performance was characterized by metal release into test waters and microbial reduction over a 48 hour storage period. Over 48 hours, most pouches (comprised by mass of 50-90% pure copper granules, 10-50% pure zinc granules, and 1% pure silver granules) achieved 2.1-2.5 and 3.0-3.5 log10 reductions of fecal indicators E. coli and MS2, respectively, meeting WHO 'protective' antimicrobial performance targets. Total metal concentrations in test waters were below levels of health concern with <0.15 mg/L copper, <0.002 mg/L silver, and usually < 3mg/L zinc. Further experimentation is recommended to better characterize and improve pouch performance. Overall, granular metals have potential to be antimicrobial as POU disinfectants in drinking water.
Additional file 2 of Impact of a school-based water and hygiene intervention on child health and school attendance in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Bick, Sarah
name: Ezezew, Alem
name: Opondo, Charles
name: Leurent, Baptiste
name: Argaw, Wossen
name: Hunter, Erin C.
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Allen, Elizabeth
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Tables S1–S5. Table S1–Number of participants and observations included in assessment of each outcome at each time-point. Table S2–Intervention effects on primary and secondary outcomes across three models with various adjustments. Table S3–Analysis of mean differences for primary and secondary repeated binary outcomes aggregated at the pupil level. Table S4–Intervention effects on other outcomes. Table S5–Sensitivity analyses.
Structure and Stability of the 1-Dimensional Mapper
Creators: name: Carrière, Mathieu
name: Oudot, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a continuous function $f:X\to\mathbb{R}$ and a cover $\mathcal{I}$ of its image by intervals, the Mapper is the nerve of a refinement of the pullback cover $f^{-1}(\mathcal{I})$. Despite its success in applications, little is known about the structure and stability of this construction from a theoretical point of view. As a pixelized version of the Reeb graph of $f$, it is expected to capture a subset of its features (branches, holes), depending on how the interval cover is positioned with respect to the critical values of the function. Its stability should also depend on this positioning. We propose a theoretical framework that relates the structure of the Mapper to the one of the Reeb graph, making it possible to predict which features will be present and which will be absent in the Mapper given the function and the cover, and for each feature, to quantify its degree of (in-)stability. Using this framework, we can derive guarantees on the structure of the Mapper, on its stability, and on its convergence to the Reeb graph as the granularity of the cover $\mathcal{I}$ goes to zero.
description: Minor corrections
Predicting Rural PM[10] Concentrations in North Carolina Using BMEGUI
Creators: name: Tarman, Janie S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In 1993, the EPA began to document ambient particulate matter (PM) concentrations throughout the U.S. using a series of monitoring stations and an aerometric information retrieval system (AIRS). Because these Stationary Ambient Monitoring (SAM) sites are located primarily in urban centers, they under-represent the PM[10] exposure of people living in rural areas. To interpolate pollutant levels in locations between monitoring stations, the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) method, as implemented through a Graphical User Interface (GUI), was used as a kriging tool to predict rural PM[10] levels. Concentrations predicted using BMEGUI, based on PM[10] data retrieved from 23 SAM sites in NC, VA, and SC, were compared with concentrations measured at four rural locations. To improve the site-specific knowledge base, an integrated dataset was used to predict values at these locations during a validation period. The effect of meteorological stability on the predictability of PM[10] was also assessed by dichotomizing the dataset into either stable or unstable atmospheric conditions. The BMEGUI estimator was generally effective at predicting PM[10] levels at rural locations; the accuracy of these estimates was improved by using all available data in an integrated dataset. Also, stable meteorological conditions enhanced the ability of the BMEGUI estimator to predict PM[10] levels.
title: Comparative study of right ventricular function of tetralogy of Fallot by dual source computed tomography and real time three dimensional echocardiography
Creators: name: Ou, Shanxing
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Comparative studies

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To investigate the clinical value and accuracy of Dual source 64-slice computed tomography in the assessment of the right ventricular function in patients with congenital heart disease of tetralogy of Fallot（TOF）by two methods（by MPR and VR...
Evaluation of the properties of photosensitive polymers used in Additive Manufacturing (AM) for oral application in Dentistry: A scoping review
Creators: name: Da Silva, Tiago
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: 3D printing
subject: additive manufacturing
subject: dentistry

description: In recent decades, the evolution of 3D printing technologies has brought to the market several innovations that have enabled a reduction in production and technology costs, a greater precision of objects and a greater quantity of materials available for 3D printing. Among the materials that can be used, polymers have a wide range of applications and are one of the most used options in Dentistry. Photosensitive polymers appear to be attractive materials for use with MA technology due to the high levels of construction resolution, good finished part surfaces, good Z-axis strength due to chemical bonding between the layers, possible quick builds and the ability to print bright objects. These resins are used for SLA, DLP and Polyjet technologies, which can utilize a wide variety of monomers and resin systems. With the recent development of stable and biocompatible resins for AM, it has become possible to apply these resins in devices for intraoral use, such as occlusal devices (SALMI et al., 2013), restorations (ARUTYUNOV et al., 2018), complete dentures (BILGIN et al., 2015), orthodontic aligners (MALIK; McMULLIN; WARING, 2013) and surgical guides (BELL et al., 2018).
title: Imaging of Calvarial Lesions
Creators: name: Mitra, Indu
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: PET
subject: Education
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Overview of different types of calvarial lesions encompassing congenital, benign and malignant calvarial lesions. 2. Pictorial review demonstrating characteristic imaging features of lesions to assist with...
The stable property of Newton slopes for general Witt towers
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Any polynomial $f(x)\in\mathbb{Z}_q[x]$ defines a Witt vector $[f]\in W(\mathbb{F}_q[x])$. Consider the Artin-Schreier-Witt tower $y^F-y=[f]$. This is a tower of curves over $\mathbb{F}_q$, with total Galois group $\mathbb{Z}_p$. We want to study the Newton slopes of zeta functions of this tower. We reduce it to the Newton polygons of L-functions associated with characters on the Galois groups. We prove that, when the conductors are large enough, these Newton slopes are unions of arithmetic progressions which are changing proportionally as the conductor increases. This is a generalization of the result of \cite{Da}, where they get the same result in the case the non-zero coefficients of $f(x)$ are roots of unity. To overcome the new difficulty in our process, we apply some $(p^θ,T)$-topology.
description: 14 pages
Water Phantom Measurements for Verifying 3D Dose Calculations for a Megavoltage Photon Beam
Creators: name: Carey, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: A 3D differential scatter model for calculation of dose from photon beams has been developed and implemented at UNC as part of a 3D treatment design software system. Although 3D dose calculation algorithms are becoming more commonly used in the clinical setting, very little work has been done to define a reasonable, and urgently needed, verification methodolgy. This verification should, in general, take two forms: 1) correctness analysis of the constituent software modules, and 2) comparison of computations with measurements. This project has partially addressed (2) with water phantom measurements in the absence of inhomogeneities. In particular, concentration is placed on direct measurement of single beam isodose curves in a variety of planes for open, wedged, and blocked fields for a 6MV photon beam. Results will be presented, and recommendations discussed.
Normality of the Thue--Morse sequence along Piatetski-Shapiro sequences, II
Creators: name: Müllner, Clemens
name: Spiegelhofer, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11K16, 11A63, Secondary 11B25, 11B83

description: We prove that the Thue--Morse sequence $\mathbf t$ along subsequences indexed by $\lfloor n^c\rfloor$ is normal, where $1
description: 33 pages
Development of a Method for the Isolation and Quantitation of Albumin for Use in the Analysis of Protein Adducts
Creators: name: O'Connell, Karen Yeowell
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: In order to improve exposure assessment in epidemiological studies, alternatives to traditional methods such as air sampling are under investigation. The ability to detect individual exposures through the use of biomarkers is thought to be a way to improve the accuracy and specificity of exposure assessment. Protein adducts are biomarkers which show potential for giving more specific information about exposure. Since 1985, investigators have been validating methods that measure adducts of potentially genotoxic species with serum albumin. One of the major difficulties encountered by these researchers is the isolation and quantitation of albumin. This research involved testing two procedures for the isolation of albumin from plasma (affinity chromatography and ammonium sulfate precipitation), two methods for desalting the isolated albumin (gel filtration and dialysis), and two methods for albumin quantitation (Bradford assay and absorbance at 280nm). Based on purity of albumin obtained (as judged by SDS-PAGE), comments in the literature, and applicability of the methods to screening large numbers of plasma samples, a rapid method of albumin isolation and quantitation was developed for use in analyzing protein adducts.
The capacity of Bernoulli nonadaptive group testing
Creators: name: Aldridge, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider nonadaptive group testing with Bernoulli tests, where each item is placed in each test independently with some fixed probability. We give a tight threshold on the maximum number of tests required to find the defective set under optimal Bernoulli testing. Achievability is given by a result of Scarlett and Cevher; here we give a converse bound showing that this result is best possible. Our new converse requires three parts: a typicality bound generalising the trivial counting bound, a converse on the COMP algorithm of Chan et al, and a bound on the SSS algorithm similar to that given by Aldridge, Baldassini, and Johnson. Our result has a number of important corollaries, in particular that, in denser cases, Bernoulli nonadaptive group testing is strictly worse than the best adaptive strategies.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Postoperative outcomes in Indigenous populations globally: A protocol for a scoping review
Creators: name: Livergant, Rachel
name: Maelki, Sasha
name: Fraulein, Georgia
name: Joos, Emilie
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Surgery
subject: global surgery; Indigenous health; surgical outcomes

description: Protocol for a scoping review on postoperative outcomes in Indigenous populations globally
title: High-resolution ultrasound of the elbow - didactic approach.
Creators: name: Olchowy, Cyprian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Anatomy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is to: 1. illustrate the normal anatomy and normal ultrasound appearance of elbow; 2. describe a systematic technique (easy to follow check-list protocol) for evaluation of anatomical structures; 3. introduce...
title: Pulmonary Complications after Bone Marrow Transplantation in paediatric patients - pathological findings on high-resolution CT
Creators: name: Olchowy, Cyprian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Transplantation
subject: Inflammation
subject: Atelectasis
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Complications
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: Thorax
subject: Paediatric
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purposes of this educational presentation are: 1 .To become familiar and be able to recognize the patterns of the pulmonary complications after Bone Marrow Transplantation in paediatric patients. 2. To understand the importance of time frame...
Salmonella typhimurium Disinfection by a Combined Method of Ultraviolet Irradiation Followed by Monochloramine
Creators: name: Ishida, Gina Akemi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is being explored as an alternative primary disinfectant for water and wastewater but provides no residual disinfectant. Monochloramine, a chlorine and ammonia derivative, is a much weaker disinfectant than free chlorine and provides a residual with less formation of the toxic by-products produced by free chlorine. In this report, the effects of the sequence of low doses of UV irradiation followed by monochloramine exposure are investigated for disinfection of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium. It was hypothesized that synergy occurs, whereby the combination of these water disinfectants applied in sequence achieves greater inactivation than either disinfectant applied alone. UV irradiation at doses of 5 and 7 mJ/cm^2 reduced S.typhimurium by 2.2 and 3.4 log[10], respectively. A dose of 1.0 mg/L monochloramine at pH 7.0 and temperature of 5°C, reduced S.typhimurium by about 0.5 log[10] after 20 minutes. There was no evidence of a synergistic effect on S.typhimurium reduction by sequential application of UV irradiation and monochloramine under the conditions tested. Upon monochloramine exposure, the UV-irradiation S.typhimurium increased in infectivity titer. This phenomenon confounded the effort to determine if there was a synergistic effect on S.typhimurium by sequential UV-monochloramine disinfection. The infectivity titer increase of UV-irradiated S.typhimurium during monochloramine may have been due to DNA repair, because this phenomenon was not observed for a bacterial strain that was deficient in DNA repair. Sequential application of UV followed by monochloramine disinfection of the repair deficient Salmonella strain did result in an inactivation greater than the additive effects of the disinfectants alone, suggesting that synergism may have occurred.
Are election forecast more predictable in swing states? Evidence using 2020 US presidential election
Creators: name: Jimenez, Carlos
name: , Robin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Sciences
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Is it easier to predict election results for swing states than non-swing states? The origin of this project is based on the Limits to Prediction class at Princeton University.
On the number of distinct prime factors of a sum of super-powers
Creators: name: Leonetti, Paolo
name: Tringali, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11A05, 11A41, 11A51 (Primary) 11R27, 11D99 (Secondary)

description: Given $k, \ell \in {\bf N}^+$, let $x_{i,j}$ be, for $1 \le i \le k$ and $0 \le j \le \ell$, some fixed integers, and define, for every $n \in {\bf N}^+$, $s_n := \sum_{i=1}^k \prod_{j=0}^\ell x_{i,j}^{n^j}$. We prove that the following are equivalent: (a) There are a real $θ> 1$ and infinitely many indices $n$ for which the number of distinct prime factors of $s_n$ is greater than the super-logarithm of $n$ to base $θ$. (b) There do not exist non-zero integers $a_0,b_0,\ldots,a_\ell,b_\ell $ such that $s_{2n}=\prod_{i=0}^\ell a_i^{(2n)^i}$ and $s_{2n-1}=\prod_{i=0}^\ell b_i^{(2n-1)^i}$ for all $n$. We will give two different proofs of this result, one based on a theorem of Evertse (yielding, for a fixed finite set of primes $\mathcal S$, an effective bound on the number of non-degenerate solutions of an $\mathcal S$-unit equation in $k$ variables over the rationals) and the other using only elementary methods. As a corollary, we find that, for fixed $c_1, x_1, \ldots,c_k, x_k \in \mathbf N^+$, the number of distinct prime factors of $c_1 x_1^n+\cdots+c_k x_k^n$ is bounded, as $n$ ranges over $\mathbf N^+$, if and only if $x_1=\cdots=x_k$.
description: 10 pp., no figures. Fixed various mistakes around Lemma 2. To appear in Journal of Number Theory
Vector theory of gravity: Universe without black holes and solution of dark energy problem
Creators: name: Svidzinsky, Anatoly A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an alternative theory of gravity which assumes that background geometry of the Universe is fixed four dimensional Euclidean space and gravity is a vector field $A_k$ in this space which breaks the Euclidean symmetry. Direction of $A_k$ gives the time coordinate, while perpendicular directions are spatial coordinates. Vector gravitational field is coupled to matter universally and minimally through the equivalent metric $f_{ik}$ which is a functional of $A_k$. We show that such assumptions yield a unique theory of gravity, it is free of black holes and, to the best of our knowledge, passes all available tests. For cosmology our theory predicts the same evolution of the Universe as general relativity with cosmological constant and zero spatial curvature. However, the present theory provides explanation of the dark energy as energy of longitudinal gravitational field induced by the Universe expansion and yields, with no free parameters, the value of $Ω_{Λ}=2/3\approx 0.67$ which agrees with the recent Planck result $Ω_{Λ}=0.686\pm 0.02$. Such striking agreement indicates that gravity has a vector, rather than tensor, origin. We demonstrate that gravitational wave signals measured by LIGO are compatible with vector gravity. They are produced by orbital inspiral of massive neutron stars which can exist in the present theory. We also quantize gravitational field and show that quantum vector gravity is equivalent to QED. Vector gravity can be tested by making more accurate measurement of the time delay of radar signal traveling near the Sun; by improving accuracy of the light deflection experiments; or by measuring propagation direction of gravitational waves relative to laser interferometer arms. Resolving the supermassive object at the center of our Galaxy with VLBA could provide another test of gravity and also shed light on the nature of dark matter.
description: 58 pages, 12 figures, Final version published in Physica Scripta
Localization of Gravitino Field on Thin Branes
Creators: name: Du, Yun-Zhi
name: Zhao, Li
name: Zhou, Xiang-Nan
name: Zhong, Yi
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the localization of a bulk gravitino field on the scalar-tensor branes and compare the result with that in the Randall-Sundrum-1 (RS1) model. The coupled chiral equations for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of the gravitino field are obtained by fixing the gauge $Ψ_5=0$ and using the chiral KK decompositions. It is shown that, in the RS1 model for the left- and right-handed zero modes of the gravitino field, only one of them can be localized near one brane. For the massive modes, both chiral modes survive and the lower KK modes are localized near the IR brane from the four-dimensional physical coordinate point of view. However, for the scalar-tensor brane model, the localization of the gravitino chiral zero modes depends on the coupling parameter $λ$, and they will be not localized around anyone brane within a certain range of the parameter $λ$, which is quite different from the RS1 model. Furthermore, we also give the corresponding mass spectra of the massive KK gravitinos in the scalar-tensor model.
description: v2: 18 pages, 14 figures
Social Security Contributions and the Business Cycle
Creators: name: Almosova, Anna
name: Burda, Michael C.
name: Voigts, Michael
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: business cycle
subject: payroll tax
subject: social security contributions
subject: labor wedge
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: This paper examines magnitudes and business cycle dynamics of social security contributions (SSC). In most OECD countries studied, we document a negative covariation of payroll tax burdens with GDP and GDP growth at business cycle and lower frequencies. We assess the overall magnitude of the distortion following Barro and Redlick (2011). For most countries, average marginal SSC tax rates exceed average rates, but the latter tracks the former tightly. Changes in average payroll tax burdens are mostly accounted for by changes in tax schedules rather than shifts in the earnings distribution over time. For many countries, SSC rates behave like estimated values of the “labor wedge” (Chari et al. 2007, Brinca et al., 2016).
Optimal inference in a class of regression models
Creators: name: Armstrong, Timothy B.
name: Kolesár, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of constructing confidence intervals (CIs) for a linear functional of a regression function, such as its value at a point, the regression discontinuity parameter, or a regression coefficient in a linear or partly linear regression. Our main assumption is that the regression function is known to lie in a convex function class, which covers most smoothness and/or shape assumptions used in econometrics. We derive finite-sample optimal CIs and sharp efficiency bounds under normal errors with known variance. We show that these results translate to uniform (over the function class) asymptotic results when the error distribution is not known. When the function class is centrosymmetric, these efficiency bounds imply that minimax CIs are close to efficient at smooth regression functions. This implies, in particular, that it is impossible to form CIs that are tighter using data-dependent tuning parameters, and maintain coverage over the whole function class. We specialize our results to inference on the regression discontinuity parameter, and illustrate them in simulations and an empirical application.
description: 39 pages plus supplementary materials
Effective Window Function for Lagrangian Halos
Creators: name: Chan, Kwan Chuen
name: Sheth, Ravi K.
name: Scoccimarro, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The window function for protohalos in Lagrangian space is often assumed to be a tophat in real space. We measure this profile directly and find that it is more extended than a tophat but less extended than a Gaussian; its shape is well-described by rounding the edges of the tophat by convolution with a Gaussian that has a scale length about 5 times smaller. This effective window $W_{\rm eff}$ is particularly simple in Fourier space, and has an analytic form in real space. Together with the excursion set bias parameters, $W_{\rm eff}$ describes the scale-dependence of the Lagrangian halo-matter cross correlation up to $kR_{\rm Lag} \sim 10 $, where $R_{\rm Lag}$ is the Lagrangian size of the protohalo. Moreover, with this $W_{\rm eff}$, all the spectral moments of the power spectrum are finite, allowing a straightforward estimate of the excursion set peak mass function. This estimate requires a prescription of the critical overdensity enclosed within a protohalo if it is to collapse, which we calibrate from simulations. We find that the resulting estimate of halo abundances is only accurate to about 20%, and we discuss why: A tophat in `infall time' towards the protohalo center need not correspond to a tophat in the initial spatial distribution, so models in which infall rather than smoothed overdensity is the relevant variable may be more accurate.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, matched the published version, discussion and presentation significantly improved, conclusions unchanged
title: Our experience of non-invasive treatment of epiphyseal benign bone lesions using MRgFUS: can it really be a definitive solution?
Creators: name: Arrigoni, Francesco
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Oncology
subject: MR
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Surgery

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: A wide spectrum of tumor and tumor-like lesions can involve the epiphysis. Sometimes, the surgical treatment of this type of lesions, which present a low biological aggressiveness, is too invasive in relation with their location and the...
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with patients’ experience of accessibility to general practice: results from a national survey in Norway
Creators: name: Jelin, Elma
name: Bjertnaes, Oyvind
name: Norman, Rebecka Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: Dynamic features of MR-guided histologically proven lesions: comparison 1.5T vs 3T MRI
Creators: name: Malich, Ansgar
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Oncology
subject: Breast
subject: MR
subject: CAD
subject: Image manipulation / Reconstruction
subject: Biopsy
subject: CAD
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: Cancer
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Quality assurance

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Purpose: Current study compared prevalence of specific dynamic but also morphologic features of only MR-visible lesions (which were histologically verified by MR-guided biopsy at 1.5T vs 3T using the same biopsy device) in order to analyze characteristics of...
Vibrational band structure of nanoscale phononic crystals
Creators: name: Meyer, Ralf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vibrational properties of two-dimensional phononic crystals are studied with large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and finite element method calculation. The vibrational band structure derived from the molecular dynamics simulations shows the existence of partial acoustic band gaps along the $Γ$-M direction. The band structure is in excellent agreement with the results from the finite element model, proving that molecular dynamics simulations can be used to study the vibrational properties of such complex systems. An analysis of the structure of the vibrational modes reveals how the acoustic modes deviate from the homogeneous bulk behaviour for shorter wavelengths and hints towards a decoupling of vibrations in the phononic crystal.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving
Pilot Study 1 – Experts’ populist ratings
Creators: name: Freitas, Gonçalo
name: de Miranda, Mariana
name: Magalhães, Pedro
name: Salvador, Jorge
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The aim of this study is to select speeches that are considered high and low on populism (dimensions of Manichean worldview, popular sovereignty, anti-elitism, and homogeneity) by experts in Political Science.
A Comparison of Continuous and Passive Personal Monitoring Techniques to Assess Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure from Indoor Combustion Sources
Creators: name: Adgate, John L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: Twenty preschool children from the Frank Porter Graham Child Care Center, and their mothers, were monitored for NO2 exposure in their homes and at the day care center. Subjects were monitored for one week during the summer and winter months using Bendix 8101 Oxides of Nitrogen Analyzers and Palmes passive monitors. In-home stationary Palmes tubes are very accurate compared to chemiluminescent monitors (R2 =0.97). Chemiluminescent monitors and Palmes tubes worn by subjects do not give the same measurement of of personal NO2 exposure (R2 =0.83), presumably because it is not possible for a stationary monitor to estimate personal exposure as well as Palmes tubes do. Mean winter NO2 levels in homes with kerosene space heaters varied widely (71.4 ±73.2 ppb), but were more than 2 times the levels found in homes with gas stoves (26.5 ±14.2 ppb) and ten times the levels of homes without combustion sources (4.6 ±3.2 ppb). Clinical, epidemiological, and toxicological evidence suggest that peak short-term levels are more important than long-term averages in determining human health effects. Continuous monitoring data indicate that combustion appliances caused peak NO2 levels of 100 ppb or more during 9 of the 40 monitoring-weeks in this study. Regression analysis suggests that peak values contributed more significantly to a mother's net exposure than to her child's (P < 0.05). In conclusion Palmes tubes provide an accurate and convenient measure of net personal exposure to NO2. Average exposure, however, is not the best indicator of indoor NO2 levels which may have significant health impacts. Increased venting and improved combustion appliance technology provides the most feasible alternative for lowering in-home exposure to NO2.
title: A study of dual-source CT in evaluating the effect of Sorafenib in treatment of transplanted hepatoma model in rat
Creators: name: Shi, Gaofeng
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Animal (veterinary) studies
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Quantitative analysis the changes of dual-source CT perfusion scanning parameters in targeted treatment sorafenib of rats liver cancer models before and...
Pricing Green Financial Products
Creators: name: Melzer, Awdesch
name: Härdle, Wolfgang K.
name: López-Cabrera, Brenda
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: market price of risk
subject: risk premium
subject: renewable energy
subject: wind power futures
subject: stochastic process
subject: CARMA
subject: jump
subject: Lévy
subject: transform
subject: logit-normal
subject: extreme
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: With increasing wind power penetration more and more volatile and weather dependent energy is fed into the German electricity system. To manage the risk of windless days and transfer revenue risk from wind turbine owners to investors wind power derivatives were introduced. These insurance-like securities (ILS) allow to hedge the risk of unstable wind power production on exchanges like Nasdaq and European Energy Exchange. These products have been priced before using risk neutral pricing techniques. We present a modern and powerful methodology to model weather derivatives with very skewed underlyings incorporating techniques from extreme event modelling to tune seasonal volatility and compare transformed Gaussian and non-Gaussian CARMA(p; q) models. Our results indicate that the transformed Gaussian CARMA(p; q) model is preferred over the non-Gaussian alternative with Lévy increments. Out-of-sample backtesting results show good performance wrt burn analysis employing smooth Market Price of Risk (MPR) estimates based on NASDAQ weekly and monthly German wind power futures prices and German wind power utilisation as underlying. A seasonal MPR of a smile-shape is observed, with positive values in times of high volatility, e.g. winter months, and negative values, in times of low volatility and production, e.g. in summer months. We conclude that producers pay premiums to insure stable revenue steams, while investors pay premiums when weather risk is high.
A systematic review of core outcome sets in clinical trials in children
Creators: name: Lei, Ruobing
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: To retrieve published COS studies in the field of pediatrics, integrate and analyze the constructed disease categories and entries, stakeholder participation, and methods used. And evaluate their methodological quality to present a comprehensive picture of the current status of pediatric COS studies and provide a reference for subsequent pediatric COS studies.
Positive braid knots of maximal topological 4-genus
Creators: name: Liechti, Livio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: We show that a positive braid knot has maximal topological 4-genus exactly if it has maximal signature invariant. As an application, we determine all positive braid knots with maximal topological 4-genus and compute the topological 4-genus for all positive braid knots with up to 12 crossings.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
title: Correlation of mri-based bone marrow burden score with gender and spleen status in Gaucher's disease.
Creators: name: Rabelo, Breno
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Spleen
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Statistics
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Gaucher disease(GD) is an autosomal-recessive condition, a lipid storage disease characterized by the deposition of glucocerebroside in cells of the macrophage-monocyte system. The disorder results from the deficiency of a specific lysosomal...
Field Evaluation of Improved Methods to Detect Infectious Group F Adenoviruses in Source Water
Creators: name: Polston, Patsy M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Adenoviruses (Ads) are non-enveloped respiratory and enteric viruses containing a dsDNA genome. Group F ads 40 and 41 are of particular interest due to their persistence and abundance in ambient waters. Therefore, it is important to develop, verify, and apply a sensitive, specific, and efficient method to detect and quantify infectious adenoviruses in environmental samples of water and sewage. In this study the proposed method for infectivity assay is a combination of cell culture and mRNA reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for the viral hexon gene. In addition, the use of a housekeeping gene, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as an internal control for mRNA expression was used to evaluate the performance of this method. Source water samples of 20 L were collected three times from six water treatment plants (WTP) and concentrated to small volumes suitable for molecular analysis by hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) for primary concentration and polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, chloroform extraction, and ultracentrifugation for secondary concentration. Because ads 40 and 41 are difficult to culture, newly developed transactivated 293 cell lines (293 CMV and 293 RAS) were compared to the STDG293 cell line to examine the levels of detectable viral mRNA expression and the incubation time required. The overall results indicated that infectious ads can be successfully detected from environmental source water and sewage samples using the new transactivated and standard cell lines. The housekeeping gene, GAPDH, as a positive control for the performance of CC/mRNA RT-PCR was found to be effective.
EigenRec: Generalizing PureSVD for Effective and Efficient Top-N Recommendations
Creators: name: Nikolakopoulos, Athanasios N.
name: Kalantzis, Vassilis
name: Gallopoulos, Efstratios
name: Garofalakis, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: H.3.3; H.2.8; G.1.3

description: We introduce EigenRec; a versatile and efficient Latent-Factor framework for Top-N Recommendations that includes the well-known PureSVD algorithm as a special case. EigenRec builds a low dimensional model of an inter-item proximity matrix that combines a similarity component, with a scaling operator, designed to control the influence of the prior item popularity on the final model. Seeing PureSVD within our framework provides intuition about its inner workings, exposes its inherent limitations, and also, paves the path towards painlessly improving its recommendation performance. A comprehensive set of experiments on the MovieLens and the Yahoo datasets based on widely applied performance metrics, indicate that EigenRec outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms, in terms of Standard and Long-Tail recommendation accuracy, exhibiting low susceptibility to sparsity, even in its most extreme manifestations -- the Cold-Start problems. At the same time EigenRec has an attractive computational profile and it can apply readily in large-scale recommendation settings.
description: 23 pages. Journal version of the conference paper "Factored Proximity Models for Top-N Recommendation"