cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Single-Layer Dual-Mesh Boundary Element Method for Multiscale Electromagnetic Modeling of Penetrable Objects in Layered Media
Creators: name: Sharma, Shashwat
name: Triverio, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A surface integral representation of Maxwell's equations allows the efficient electromagnetic (EM) modeling of three-dimensional structures with a two-dimensional discretization, via the boundary element method (BEM). However, existing BEM formulations either lead to a poorly conditioned system matrix for multiscale problems, or are computationally expensive for objects embedded in layered substrates. This article presents a new BEM formulation which leverages the surface equivalence principle and Buffa-Christiansen basis functions defined on a dual mesh, to obtain a well-conditioned system matrix suitable for multiscale EM modeling. Unlike existing methods involving dual meshes, the proposed formulation avoids the double-layer potential operator for the surrounding medium, which may be a stratified substrate requiring the use of an advanced Green's function. This feature greatly alleviates the computational expense associated with the use of Buffa-Christiansen functions. Numerical examples drawn from several applications, including remote sensing, chip-level EM analysis, and metasurface modeling, demonstrate speed-ups ranging from 3x to 7x compared to state-of-the-art formulations.
description: Copyright 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Additional file 6 of High-resolution spatio-temporal risk mapping for malaria in Namibia: a comprehensive analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Song
name: Amratia, Punam
name: Symons, Tasmin L.
name: Rumisha, Susan F.
name: Kang, Su Yun
name: Connell, Mark
name: Uusiku, Petrina
name: Katokele, Stark
name: Hamunyela, Jerobeam
name: Ntusi, Nelly
name: Soroses, Wilma
name: Moyo, Ernest
name: Lukubwe, Ophilia
name: Maponga, Chivimbiso
name: Lucero, Dominic
name: Gething, Peter W.
name: Cameron, Ewan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Weekly observed, imputed and predicted cases per 1000 PYO in districts from 2018 to 2021
The Knight field and the local nuclear dipole-dipole field in an (In,Ga)As quantum dot ensemble
Creators: name: Auer, T.
name: Oulton, R.
name: Bauschulte, A.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Verbin, S. Yu.
name: Cherbunin, R. V.
name: Reuter, D.
name: Wieck, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive investigation of the electron-nuclear system of negatively charged InGaAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots under the influence of weak external magnetic fields (up to 2 mT). We demonstrate that, in contrast to conventional semiconductor systems, these small fields have a profound influence on the electron spin dynamics, via the hyperfine interaction. Quantum dots, with their comparatively limited number of nuclei, present electron-nuclear behavior that is unique to low-dimensional systems. We show that the conventional Hanle effect used to measure electron spin relaxation times, for example, cannot be used in these systems when the spin lifetimes are long. An individual nucleus in the QD is subject to milli-Tesla effective fields, arising from the interaction with its nearest-neighbors and with the electronic Knight field. The alignment of each nucleus is influenced by application of external fields of the same magnitude. A polarized nuclear system, which may have an effective field strength of several Tesla, may easily be influenced by these milli-Tesla fields. This in turn has a dramatic effect on the electron spin dynamics, and we use this technique to gain a measure of both the dipole-dipole field and the maximum Knight field in our system, thus allowing us to estimate the maximum Overhauser field that may be generated at zero external magnetic field. We also show that one may fine-tune the angle which the Overhauser field makes with the optical axis.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Interlacing and Friedlander-type inequalities for spectral minimal partitions of metric graphs
Creators: name: Hofmann, Matthias
name: Kennedy, James B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B45, 35P15, 35R02, 49Q10, 81Q35

description: We prove interlacing inequalities between spectral minimal energies of metric graphs built on Dirichlet and standard Laplacian eigenvalues, as recently introduced in [Kennedy et al, arXiv:2005.01126]. These inequalities, which involve the first Betti number and the number of degree one vertices of the graph, recall both interlacing and other inequalities for the Laplacian eigenvalues of the whole graph, as well as estimates on the difference between the number of nodal and Neumann domains of the whole graph eigenfunctions. To this end we study carefully the principle of cutting a graph, in particular quantifying the size of a cut as a perturbation of the original graph via the notion of its rank. As a corollary we obtain an inequality between these energies and the actual Dirichlet and standard Laplacian eigenvalues, valid for all compact graphs, which complements a version for tree graphs of Friedlander's inequalities between Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalues of a domain. In some cases this results in better Laplacian eigenvalue estimates than those obtained previously via more direct methods.
description: Revised version accepted for publication in Lett. Math. Phys. The presentation has been substantially revised, especially in Section 2, to make the introduction to the theory more user-friendly: several definitions and notation have been simplified or cut, and a running example is given to illustrate the relevant notions. Section 6 on eigenvalue and energy bounds has also been expanded
Ανάλυση και μοντελοποίηση δεδομένων βιολογικού καιρού για την περιοχή της Θεσσαλονίκης
Creators: name: Κάσσανδρος, Θεοδόσιος Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Αεροαλλεργιογόνα
Μηχανική Εκμάθηση
Ανάλυση Δεδομένων
Aeroallergens
Machine Learning
Data Analysis

description: Η τοπική κατάσταση της ατμόσφαιρας όπως όπως αυτή χαρακτηρίζεται από διάφορες μεταβλητές επηρεάζει σε σημαντικό βαθμό την ποιότητα ζωής των ανθρώπων. Τα επίπεδα των αεροαλλεργιογόνων επηρεάζουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό την ζωή και την υγεία των ανθρώπων που αντιμετωπίζουν αλλεργικά συμπτώματα και η σωστή πρόγνωση τους είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική στην εφαρμογή της κατάλληλης φαρμακευτικής αγωγής για την ορθή αντιμετώπιση των αλλεργικών συμπτωμάτων. Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετούνται τα επίπεδα των συγκεντρώσεων έξι διαφορετικών αεροαλλεργιογόνων για την ευρύτερη περιοχή της Θεσσαλονίκης. Τα συγκεκριμένα αεοροαλλεργιογόνα παρουσιάζουν υψηλές συγκεντρώσεις στην περιοχή της Θεσσαλονίκης και έχει αποδειχθεί ότι ευαισθητοποιούν σε μεγάλο βαθμό τον ελληνικό πληθυσμό σε αλλεργικά συμπτώματα. Στόχος της εργασίας είναι να εφαρμοσθούν δεδομενοκεντρικές προσεγγίσεις, ώστε (α) να αναλυθούν οι σχέσεις μεταξύ των αεροαλλεργιογόνων και των μετεωρολογικών μεταβλητών, (β) να δημιουργηθούν μοντέλα που είναι ικανά να προβλέπουν τα επίπεδα των αεροαλλεργιογόνων στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Θεσσαλονίκης και (γ) να διερευνηθεί η πιθανότητα δημιουργίας επιχειρησιακού μοντέλου πρόγνωσης των επιπέδων των αεροαλλεργιογόνων για την ευρύτερη περιοχή της Θεσσαλονίκης. Εφαρμόζεται ένα πλήθος υπολογιστικών πειραμάτων, με διάφορες μεθόδους στατιστικής και μηχανικής εκμάθησης, όπως γραμμική παλινδρόμηση, τεχνητά νευρωνικά δίκτυα και τυχαία δάση. Τα αποτελέσματα υποδεικνύουν ότι είναι δυνατή η περιγραφή των επιπέδων των αεροαλλεργιογόνων άρα και η επιχειρησιακή πρόγνωση τους, τουλάχιστον για αυτά που παρουσιάζουν υψηλότερους στατιστικούς δείκτες αξιολόγησης. Η λειτουργία ενός επιχειρησιακού μοντέλου, αναμένεται να έχει άμεσο θετικό αντίκτυπο στην ποιότητα ζωής των ανθρώπων που αντιμετωπίζουν αλλεργικά συμπτώματα
description: The levels and the profile of aeroallergens (pollen and fungal spores) which constitute biological weather parameters affecting health and quality of life,, where studied in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. A data-driven approach was applied, with the aim to investigate the relationships between aeroallergen parameters as well as meteorological conditions that may dictate biological weather patterns and levels. A number of computational experiments were performed to assess the ability and performance of various statistical and machine learning methods including linear regression, artificial neural networks, decision trees and ensemble-based approaches. Results suggest that it is possible to properly describe the behaviour of the aeroallergens and thus to operationally forecast their levels. The latter is expected to have a direct positive impact on the quality of life, of aeroallergen sufferers in the area of study
Theory of magnetic excitons in the heavy-fermion superconductor $UPd_{2}Al_{3}$
Creators: name: Chang, Jun
name: Eremin, I.
name: Thalmeier, P.
name: Fulde, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the influence of unconventional superconductivity on the magnetic excitations in the heavy fermion compound UPd$_2$Al$_3$. We show that it leads to the formation of a bound state at energies well below 2$Δ_0$ at the antiferromagnetic wave vector {\textbf Q}=$(0,0,π/c)$. Its signature is a resonance peak in the spectrum of magnetic excitations in good agreement with results from inelastic neutron scattering. Furthermore we investigate the influence of antiferromagnetic order on the formation of the resonance peak. We find that its intensity is enhanced due to intraband transitions induced by the reconstruction of Fermi surface sheets. We determine the dispersion of the resonance peak near {\textbf Q} and show that it is dominated by the magnetic exciton dispersion associated with local moments. We demonstrate by a microscopic calculation that UPd$_2$Al$_3$ is another example in which the unconventional nature of the superconducting order parameter can be probed by means of inelastic neutron scattering and determined unambiguously.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 7 of High-resolution spatio-temporal risk mapping for malaria in Namibia: a comprehensive analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Song
name: Amratia, Punam
name: Symons, Tasmin L.
name: Rumisha, Susan F.
name: Kang, Su Yun
name: Connell, Mark
name: Uusiku, Petrina
name: Katokele, Stark
name: Hamunyela, Jerobeam
name: Ntusi, Nelly
name: Soroses, Wilma
name: Moyo, Ernest
name: Lukubwe, Ophilia
name: Maponga, Chivimbiso
name: Lucero, Dominic
name: Gething, Peter W.
name: Cameron, Ewan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7. The relationship between total observed and predicted cases per 1000 PYO in districts between 2018 and 2021
Symmetrisation of $n$-operads and compactification of real configuration spaces
Creators: name: Batanin, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D05, 18D50, 55P48

description: It is well known that the forgetful functor from symmetric operads to nonsymmetric operads has a left adjoint $Sym_1$ given by product with the symmetric group operad. It is also well known that this functor does not affect the category of algebras of the operad. From the point of view of the author's theory of higher operads, the nonsymmmetric operads are 1-operads and $Sym_1$ is the first term of the infinite series of left adjoint functors $Sym_n,$ called symmetrisation functors, from $n$-operads to symmetric operads with the property that the category of one object, one arrow, . . ., one $(n-1)$-arrow algebras of an $n$-operad $A$ is isomorphic to the category of algebras of $Sym_n(A)$. In this paper we consider some geometrical and homotopical aspects of the symmetrisation of $n$-operads. We construct an $n$-operadic analogue of Fulton-Macpherson operad and show that its symmetrisation is exactly the operad of Fulton and Macpherson. This implies that a space $X$ with an action of a ontractible $n$-operad has a natural structure of an algebra over an operad weakly equivalent to the little $n$-disks operad. A similar result holds for chain operads. These results generalise the classical Eckman-Hilton argument to arbitrary dimension. Finally, we apply the techniques to the Swiss Cheese type operads introduced by Voronov and get analogous results in this case.
description: 48 pages
HDMI: High-order Deep Multiplex Infomax
Creators: name: Jing, Baoyu
name: Park, Chanyoung
name: Tong, Hanghang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Networks have been widely used to represent the relations between objects such as academic networks and social networks, and learning embedding for networks has thus garnered plenty of research attention. Self-supervised network representation learning aims at extracting node embedding without external supervision. Recently, maximizing the mutual information between the local node embedding and the global summary (e.g. Deep Graph Infomax, or DGI for short) has shown promising results on many downstream tasks such as node classification. However, there are two major limitations of DGI. Firstly, DGI merely considers the extrinsic supervision signal (i.e., the mutual information between node embedding and global summary) while ignores the intrinsic signal (i.e., the mutual dependence between node embedding and node attributes). Secondly, nodes in a real-world network are usually connected by multiple edges with different relations, while DGI does not fully explore the various relations among nodes. To address the above-mentioned problems, we propose a novel framework, called High-order Deep Multiplex Infomax (HDMI), for learning node embedding on multiplex networks in a self-supervised way. To be more specific, we first design a joint supervision signal containing both extrinsic and intrinsic mutual information by high-order mutual information, and we propose a High-order Deep Infomax (HDI) to optimize the proposed supervision signal. Then we propose an attention based fusion module to combine node embedding from different layers of the multiplex network. Finally, we evaluate the proposed HDMI on various downstream tasks such as unsupervised clustering and supervised classification. The experimental results show that HDMI achieves state-of-the-art performance on these tasks.
description: Accepted by WWW'2021 Updated section 3.1.1
Διερεύνηση & Ανάλυση της σχέσης Μαθηματικής Επάρκειας με την Μαθηματική Επίδοση Παιδιών 10-11 χρονών
Creators: name: Μπακούρα, Κλεοπάτρα Θεόδωρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2017
Subjects: Μαθηματική Επάρκεια
Μαθηματική Επίδοση
Γνωστικές δεξιότητες στα Μαθηματικά
Mathematical Competence
Mathematical Performance
Cognitive Skills in Mathematics

description: Στόχος της συγκεκριμένης έρευνας είναι η διερεύνηση της συσχέτισης μεταξύ του σταθμισμένου Κριτηρίου Μαθηματικής Επάρκειας και ενός Κριτηρίου Επίδοσης που απευθύνεται σε μαθητές Ε' Δημοτικού. Η πιθανή ύπαρξη συσχέτισης μεταξύ των δύο κριτηρίων και η επιβεβαίωση της εξάρτησής τους μας παρέχει ενδείξεις σχετικά με το ποια παιδιά αποκλίνουν από το μέσο όρο της αναμενόμενης για την ηλικία τους επίδοσης και χρήζουν άμεσης εκπαιδευτικής παρέμβασης. Επίσης, μας παρέχει ποιοτικές πληροφορίες σχετικά με τις ελλείψεις – παρανοήσεις που παρουσιάζουν αυτοί οι μαθητές πάνω στην ύλη των μαθηματικών της Ε' Δημοτικού. Εφόσον αυτή η συσχέτιση ενισχυθεί με τις στατιστικές επεξεργασίες που θα γίνουν, το συγκεκριμένο Κριτήριο Επίδοσης, θα είναι ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο αξιολόγησης στα χέρια κάθε εκπαιδευτικού
description: The goal of the present research is to find if there is a correlation between the psychometric test for mathematical competence's evaluation with a test for mathematical performance's evaluation. The second test has been created for the evaluation of mathematical performance of the students of the fifth class of primary school. If there is a possible confirmation of the correlation between the tests, implementing the second test at school, we might have some indications about the children that their mathematical performance is out of the average comparing to the whole class and the need education intervention to improve their mathematical performance. In addition, the results of the mathematical performance's test could be used by the teachers in order to understand if the students have misunderstandings about the knowledge that is proposed from the school curriculum for the Mathematics of the fifth class of primary school. If the correlation between the test was confirmed, the test for the evaluation of mathematical performance, would be a very useful test at hands of every teacher
Non-covariance of "covariant polymerization" in models of loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is possible to implement a certain form of modified gravity inspired by loop quantization through non-bijective canonical transformations. The canonical nature might suggest that such modifications are guaranteed to preserve general covariance. Here, however, we show that a dedicated space-time analysis is still required, even in the case of a bijective canonical transformation. In addition, a complete global analysis is presented for a recent proposal of a non-bijective transformation, showing that it does not preserve general covariance and that the only novel physical effect introduced by the modification is the presence of certain time-reversal hypersurfaces between classical space-time regions. These results provide further insights into the physical interpretation of modified dynamics in models of loop quantum gravity.
description: 15 pages, v2: new extended example of a bijective canonical transformation
Cosmological Simulations of Number Counts
Creators: name: Lepori, Francesca
name: Adamek, Julian
name: Durrer, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present for the first time the angular power spectra $C_\ell(z,z')$ for number counts from relativistic N-body simulations. We use the relativistic N-body code gevolution with its exact integration of lightlike geodesics which include all relativistic scalar contributions to the number counts. We compare our non-perturbative numerical results with the results from CLASS using the HMCODE approximation for the non-linear matter power spectrum. We find that this simple description is excellent for both, the density and the convergence. On the other hand, the current implementation of redshift-space distortions in Boltzmann codes is not accurate. We also find that the largest contribution to the unequal-redshift power spectra is the cross-correlation of the density and the lensing contribution to the number counts, especially for redshift bins that are far apart. Correlating the number counts with the convergence map we find that the signal is dominated by the lensing-lensing term when the convergence field redshift is not higher than the number counts one, while it is dominated by the density-lensing term in the opposite case. In the present study, the issue of galaxy bias is deliberately left aside by considering only unbiased samples of matter particles from the simulations.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, version accepted for publication in JCAP
A new view of the dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Milky Way from VLT/FLAMES: Where are the very metal poor stars?
Creators: name: Helmi, Amina
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Tolstoy, E.
name: Battaglia, G.
name: Hill, V.
name: Jablonka, P.
name: Venn, K.
name: Shetrone, M.
name: Letarte, B.
name: Arimoto, N.
name: Abel, T.
name: Francois, P.
name: Kaufer, A.
name: Primas, F.
name: Sadakane, K.
name: Szeifert, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of the Dwarf galaxies Abundances and Radial-velocities Team (DART) program, we have measured the metallicities of a large sample of stars in four nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph's): Sculptor, Sextans, Fornax, and Carina. The low mean metal abundances and the presence of very old stellar populations in these galaxies have supported the view that they are fossils from the early universe. However, contrary to naive expectations, we find a significant lack of stars with metallicities below [Fe/H] ~ -3 dex in all four systems. This suggests that the gas that made up the stars in these systems had been uniformly enriched prior to their formation. Furthermore, the metal-poor tail of the dSph metallicity distribution is significantly different from that of the Galactic halo. These findings show that the progenitors of nearby dSph's appear to have been fundamentally different from the building blocks of the Milky Way, even at the earliest epochs.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 8 of High-resolution spatio-temporal risk mapping for malaria in Namibia: a comprehensive analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, Song
name: Amratia, Punam
name: Symons, Tasmin L.
name: Rumisha, Susan F.
name: Kang, Su Yun
name: Connell, Mark
name: Uusiku, Petrina
name: Katokele, Stark
name: Hamunyela, Jerobeam
name: Ntusi, Nelly
name: Soroses, Wilma
name: Moyo, Ernest
name: Lukubwe, Ophilia
name: Maponga, Chivimbiso
name: Lucero, Dominic
name: Gething, Peter W.
name: Cameron, Ewan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8. Heatmaps of A observed and B predicted rates showing the weekly percentage of population living in districts with over 5 cases per 1000 PYO from 2018 to 2021.
Black string solutions with negative cosmological constant
Creators: name: Mann, Robert B.
name: Radu, Eugen
name: Stelea, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present arguments for the existence of new black string solutions with negative cosmological constant. These higher-dimensional configurations have no dependence on the `compact' extra dimension, and their conformal infinity is the product of time and $S^{d-3}\times R$ or $H^{d-3}\times R$. The configurations with an event horizon topology $S^{d-2}\times S^1$ have a nontrivial, globally regular limit with zero event horizon radius. We discuss the general properties of such solutions and, using a counterterm prescription, we compute their conserved charges and discuss their thermodynamics. Upon performing a dimensional reduction we prove that the reduced action has an effective $SL(2,R)$ symmetry. This symmetry is used to construct non-trivial solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton system with a Liouville-type potential for the dilaton in $(d-1)$-dimensions.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, v.2 revised version, added references
Further evidence for the sleep-promoting effects of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists and demonstration of synergistic effects with the hypnotic, zolpidem
Creators: name: Griebel, Guy
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Hypnotic drugs are effective in treating sleep initiation difficulties. However, during their administration, slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep do not regain normal levels or can be even further suppressed. During the search for compounds that can increase SWS, the attention was directed to a particular group of drugs, namely, the 5-HT2A antagonists. 5-HT2A receptors are distributed in brain regions involved in the physiological regulation of the mammalian sleep-wake cycle, including the basal forebrain, the raphe nuclei, the preoptic area, the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, the tegmental nuclei and the reticular formation. The administration of nonselective 5-HT2A agonists has been shown to reduce SWS and REM sleep, and to augment wakefulness in the rat, while injection of nonselective 5-HT2A antagonists produced opposite effects on SWS. However, unlike hypnotics, 5-HT2A antagonists mainly support sleep maintenance, while having limited effects on sleep initiation. Therefore, the ideal treatment of insomnia would be to combine a short-acting hypnotic with a 5-HT2A antagonist. Therefore, the objective of this study was to test the effects of several selective 5-HT2A antagonists (i.e. eplivanserin, volinanserin and AVE8488) alone and/or in combination with the prototypical short-acting non-benzodiazepine hypnotic, zolpidem, on the rat sleep profile recorded during the dark phase for a period of 6 hours. Results showed that eplivanserin (3 and 10 mg/kg po) and AVE8488 (0.1, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg ip) did not change the total duration of wakefulness and SWS, while zolpidem (10 mg/kg po) induced a rapid and marked increase in SWS duration for 3 hours. Volinanserin (1 and 3 mg/kg po) produced an intermediate effect as it increased weakly, albeit significantly, SWS, while reducing wakefulness. Moreover, all three 5-HT2A antagonists and, to a lesser extent, zolpidem, induced a dose-dependent increase in the mean duration of SWS episodes, while decreasing their frequency. REM sleep duration was not affected by any of the drugs, but the 5-HT2A antagonists increased the mean duration of REM episodes, while decreasing their occurrence. When eplivanserin was co-administered with zolpidem at the minimal active dose for each drug (i.e. 3 mg/kg, po), a synergistic effect was observed as the combination produced a decrease in wakefulness, while increasing SWS and the mean duration of SWS episodes. In conclusion, these findings confirm further that 5-HT2A antagonists promote the maintenance of sleep, and suggest that combining a 5-HT2A antagonist with a short-acting hypnotic may be a particularly useful strategy for the treatment of insomnia.
Quantum spin state selectivity and magnetic tuning of ultracold chemical reactions of triplet alkali-metal dimers with alkali-metal atoms
Creators: name: Hermsmeier, Rebekah
name: Klos, Jacek
name: Kotochigova, Svetlana
name: Tscherbul, Timur V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that it is possible to efficiently control ultracold chemical reactions of alkali-metal atoms colliding with open-shell alkali-metal dimers in their metastable triplet states by choosing the internal hyperfine and rovibrational states of the reactants as well as by inducing magnetic Feshbach resonances with an external magnetic field. We base these conclusions on coupled-channel statistical calculations that include the effects of hyperfine contact and magnetic-field-induced Zeeman interactions on ultracold chemical reactions of hyperfine-resolved ground-state Na and the triplet NaLi(a$^3Σ^+$) producing singlet Na$_2$($^1Σ^+_g$) and a Li atom. We find that the reaction rates are sensitive to the initial hyperfine states of the reactants. The chemical reaction of fully spin-polarized, high-spin states of rotationless NaLi(a$^3Σ^+, v = 0, N = 0$) molecules with fully spin-polarized Na is suppressed by a factor of 10-100 compared to that of unpolarized reactants. We interpret these findings within the adiabatic state model, which treats the reaction as a sequence of nonadiabatic transitions between the initial non-reactive high-spin state and the final low-spin states of the reaction complex. In addition, we show that magnetic Feshbach resonances can similarly change reaction rate coefficients by several orders of magnitude. Some of these resonances are due to resonant trimer bound states dissociating to the $N=2$ rotational state of NaLi(a$^3Σ^+, v = 0$) and would thus exist in systems without hyperfine interactions.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Stress, self-esteem and gender consciousness in late adolescents and early adults with acne and hair fall – an exploratory study
Creators: name: Keerthana Thatavarthi
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: The interplay between dermatology and psychiatry is of considerable importance.

A significant relation between hair-fall and stress levels was found. About three-quarters of the study sample without Abnormal hair-fall have low stress levels.

A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of stress and gender consciousness
Neutron-Proton pairing revisited
Creators: name: Friedman, W. A.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine neutron-proton pairing as a phenomenon that should be explanable in a microscopic theory of nuclear binding energies. Empirically, there is an increased separation energy when both neutron and proton numbers are even or if they are both odd. The enhancement is present at some level in nearly all nuclei: the separation energy difference has the opposite sign in less than 1% of the cases in which sufficient data exist. We discuss the possible origin of the effect in the context of density functional theory (DFT) and its extensions. Neutron-proton pairing from the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory does not seem promising to explain the effect. We demonstrate that much of the increased binding in the odd-odd system might be understood as a recoupling energy. This suggests that the DFT should be extended by angular momentum projection to describe the effect.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Relation between femoral bone mineral density and aortic calcifications in a cohort of renal transplanted patients
Creators: name: F. Tripodi
name: C. Alfieri
name: A Regalia
name: M. Meneghini
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Bone and cardiovascular disorders are relevant problems during kidney transplantation (KTx), and have their major expression during the first year of KTx.

Our results confirm a cross-link between bone mineralization and vascular calcification in KTx patients.
Realistic modelling of quantum point contacts subject to high magnetic fields and with current bias at out of linear response regime
Creators: name: Arslan, S.
name: Cicek, E.
name: Eksi, D.
name: Aktas, S.
name: Weichselbaum, A.
name: Siddiki, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron and current density distributions in the close proximity of quantum point contacts (QPCs) are investigated. A three dimensional Poisson equation is solved self-consistently to obtain the electron density and potential profile in the absence of an external magnetic field for gate and etching defined devices. We observe the surface charges and their apparent effect on the confinement potential, when considering the (deeply) etched QPCs. In the presence of an external magnetic field, we investigate the formation of the incompressible strips and their influence on the current distribution both in the linear response and out of linear response regime. A spatial asymmetry of the current carrying incompressible strips, induced by the large source drain voltages, is reported for such devices in the non-linear regime.
description: 16 Pages, 9 Figures, submitted to PRB
SGD Generalizes Better Than GD (And Regularization Doesn't Help)
Creators: name: Amir, Idan
name: Koren, Tomer
name: Livni, Roi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We give a new separation result between the generalization performance of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and of full-batch gradient descent (GD) in the fundamental stochastic convex optimization model. While for SGD it is well-known that $O(1/ε^2)$ iterations suffice for obtaining a solution with $ε$ excess expected risk, we show that with the same number of steps GD may overfit and emit a solution with $Ω(1)$ generalization error. Moreover, we show that in fact $Ω(1/ε^4)$ iterations are necessary for GD to match the generalization performance of SGD, which is also tight due to recent work by Bassily et al. (2020). We further discuss how regularizing the empirical risk minimized by GD essentially does not change the above result, and revisit the concepts of stability, implicit bias and the role of the learning algorithm in generalization.
Μοντελοποίηση της δομής εξάρτησης μέσω χρονικά μεταβαλλόμενων συζεύξεων : Η δυναμική συσχέτιση μεταξύ των κρατικών ομολόγων της Ελλάδας και των κρατικών ομολόγων της ομάδας χωρών των G20
Creators: name: Αποστολίδου, Ευαγγελία Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: χρονικά μεταβαλλόμενες συζεύξεις
εξάρτηση ουράς
ταυτόχρονη κίνηση ομολόγων
time varying copula approach
tail dependence
bonds co-movement

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση ενός χρονικά μεταβαλλόμενου μοντέλου συζεύξεων για τη μελέτη των δυναμικών δομών εξάρτησης οικονομικών δεδομένων. Το μοντέλο αυτό χρησιμοποιεί περιστραμμένες συζεύξεις για τη μοντελοποίηση της θετικής και αρνητικής εξάρτησης και η επιλογή της κατάλληλης σύζευξης γίνεται βάση της εντροπίας που έχει η κάθε σύζευξη. Έπειτα, με τη μέθοδο του κινούμενου παραθύρου (rolling window) εκτιμάται η σύζευξη που περιγράφει καλύτερα τη κοινή κατανομή των δεδομένων σε κάθε χρονική περίοδο. Το μοντέλο αυτό εφαρμόζεται στην διερεύνηση της δομής εξάρτησης του ανοίγματος του δεκαετούς κρατικού ομόλογου της Ελλάδας με των αντίστοιχων τιμών του ανοίγματος των ομολόγων των χωρών που αποτελούν την ομάδα των είκοσι G20, τη χρονκή περίοδο 2007 – 2017. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα, το μοντέλο αυτό περιγράφει τις αλλαγές στο τύπο και στη δομή της εξάρτησης των δεδομένων και η εντροπία των συζεύξεων μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως κριτήριο επιλογής της κατάλληλης σύζευξης
description: This thesis introduces a time varying copula model in order to study the dynamic dependence structure of economic data. Rotating copulas are used for modeling positive and negative dependence. Entropy is employed to select the most suitable copula, whereas the copula that describes best the joint distribution of the data during each time period is estimated according to the rolling window method. The model is applied in practice to explore the structure of the dependence between the spread of the ten year bond of Greece and the respective spreads of the bonds issued by countries that are part of the G20 group, focusing on the time period spanning from 2007 over to 2017. Results indicate that the model effectively describes the changes in the type and structure of the dependence. At the same time the entropy of the copula appears to be a meaningful criterion for selecting the most appropriate copula for describing the dependence structure
Radiative Decays of Charged Leptons in the Seesaw Effective Field Theory with One-loop Matching
Creators: name: Zhang, Di
name: Zhou, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The canonical type-I seesaw model with three heavy Majorana neutrinos is one of the most natural extensions of the standard model (SM) to accommodate tiny Majorana masses of three ordinary neutrinos. At low-energy scales, Majorana neutrino masses and unitarity violation of lepton flavor mixing have been extensively discussed in the literature, which are respectively generated by the unique dimension-five Weinberg operator and one dimension-six operator in the seesaw effective field theory (SEFT) with the tree-level matching. In this work, we clarify that a self-consistent calculation of radiative decays of charged leptons $β^- \to α^- + γ$ requires the SEFT with one-loop matching, where new six-dimensional operators emerge and make important contributions. For the first time, the Wilson coefficients of all the relevant six-dimensional operators are computed by carrying out the one-loop matching between the effective theory and full seesaw model, and applied to calculate the total rates of radiative decays of charged leptons.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, matches the version published in PLB
GOexpress: Identify and visualise gene expression using supervised learning and Gene Ontology
Creators: name: Rue-Albrecht, Kevin
name: McGettigan, Paul A.
name: Hernández, Belinda
name: Nalpas, Nicolas C.
name: Magee, David A.
name: Parnell, Andrew C.
name: Gordon, Stephen V.
name: MacHugh, David E.
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Background:
The standardisation and decreasing cost of transcriptomics platforms has allowed for more complex experimental setups, including multiple experimental factors and levels. The identification of gene expression profiles differentiating experimental groups of samples is critical to the discovery of relevant molecular pathways and the selection of robust biomarkers. While integration of differential expression statistics has been proposed to inform gene set enrichment analyses, such approaches are typically limited to single gene lists resulting from two-group comparisons or time-series analyses.

Results:
We introduce GOexpress, a software package for scoring and summarising the ability of ontology-related genes to simultaneously cluster multiple experimental groups of samples. GOexpress integrates normalised gene expression data and phenotypic information of individual samples with gene ontology annotations to derive a ranking of genes and gene ontologies using a supervised clustering approach. The default random forest statistical framework allows interactions between all experimental factors, and competitive scoring of expressed gene features to evaluate their relative importance in clustering the predefined groups of samples.

Conclusions:
This software enables rapid identification and visualisation of robust ontology-related gene panels that consistently cluster groups of samples, and supports experimental factors both categorical (e.g. infection, treatment) and continuous (e.g. time-series, drug concentrations). The use of standard Bioconductor extension packages and publicly available resources of gene ontology annotations allows straightforward integration of GOexpress within existing analytical pipelines.
Braneworld inflation from an effective field theory after WMAP three-year data
Creators: name: Bento, M. C.
name: Felipe, R. Gonzalez
name: Santos, N. M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In light of the results from the WMAP three-year sky survey, we study an inflationary model based on a single-field polynomial potential, with up to quartic terms in the inflaton field. Our analysis is performed in the context of the Randall-Sundrum II braneworld theory, and we consider both the high-energy and low-energy (i.e. the standard cosmology case) limits of the theory. We examine the parameter space of the model, which leads to both large-field and small-field inflationary type solutions. We conclude that small field inflation, for a potential with a negative mass square term, is in general favored by current bounds on the tensor-to-scalar perturbation ratio rs.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures; references updated and a few comments added; final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Analysis of genomes from 32 strains of Legionella pneumophila of variable severity to identify determinants of pathogenicity
Creators: name: Fournier, Amandine
name: Oger, Christine
name: Ginevra, Christophe
name: Navratil, Vincent
name: Anne-Gaelle Ranc
name: Perriere, Guy
name: Jarraud, Sophie
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Legionellosis, or Legionnaires' Disease, is a pathology characterized by an acute pneumonia and is fatal in 10 to 15 % of cases in France. This infection is caused by a bacteria from the Legionella genus, usually from the Legionella pneumophila species. Epidemiological data suggest that all strains do not have the same pathogenic potential. In order to identify the determinants of the pathogenic potential, we are interested in studying the genome and transcriptome of 32 strains of L. pneumophila of variable severity. We have sequenced the genome of 16 clinical isolates from deceased patients and the genome of 16 clinical isolates from patients that recovered from the infection, with the Illumina technology (MiSeq). To distinguish the strains of the L. pneumophila species, typing is usually performed by sequencing 7 genes with the Sanger technology. We propose here to type strains using the reads produced by whole genome sequencing and we check its consistency with typing based on Sanger sequencing. Then we present our results about the comparison of several de novo assemblers applied on our data. The assembled genomes will be annotated and analyzed to characterize their genetic differences with respect to the severity of the associated legionellosis. We also plan to sequence the transcriptome of the same strains to carry out a differential gene expression analysis and thus be able to characterize more subtly the determinants of pathogenicity of Legionella pneumophila.
On the relative motions of dense cores and envelopes in star-forming molecular clouds
Creators: name: Ayliffe, Ben A.
name: Langdon, James C.
name: Cohl, Howard S.
name: Bate, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrodynamical simulations of star formation indicate that the motions of protostars through their natal molecular clouds may be crucial in determining the properties of stars through competitive accretion and dynamical interactions. Walsh, Myers & Burton recently investigated whether such motions might be observable in the earliest stages of star formation by measuring the relative shifts of line-centre velocities of low- and high-density tracers of low-mass star-forming cores. They found very small (~0.1 km/s) relative motions. In this paper, we analyse the hydrodynamical simulation of Bate, Bonnell & Bromm and find that it also gives small relative velocities between high-density cores and low-density envelopes, despite the fact that competitive accretion and dynamical interactions occur between protostars in the simulation. Thus, the simulation is consistent with the observations in this respect. However, we also find some differences between the simulation and the observations. Overall, we find that the high-density gas has a higher velocity dispersion than that observed by Walsh et al. We explore this by examining the dependence of the gas velocity dispersion on density and its evolution with time during the simulation. We find that early in the simulation the gas velocity dispersion decreases monotonically with increasing density, while later in the simulation, when the dense cores have formed multiple objects, the velocity dispersion of the high-density gas increases. Thus, the simulation is in best agreement with the observations early on, before many objects have formed in each dense core.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A note on holonomic costraints
Creators: name: Tulczyjew, Wlodzimierz M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new description of dynamics of autonomous mechanical systems which includes the momentum-velocity relation. This description is formulated as a variational principle of virtual action more complete than the Hamilton Principle. The inclusion of constraints in this description is the main topic of the present note. We give examples and models of constraints in variational formulations of statics and dynamics of autonomous systems. Holonomic constraints are usually interpreted as restrictions on configurations of a mechanical system. Nonholonomic constraints are additional restrictions imposed on velocities. This traditional terminology is not adapted to our concept of constraints as imposed on virtual displacements and only indirectly affecting configurations and velocities. Our concept of nonholonomic constraints makes perfect sense for static systems even if velocities do not appear in the description of such systems.
description: 16 pages
Additional file 1 of Dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness in midlife and subsequent all-cause dementia: findings from the cooper center longitudinal study
Creators: name: Meernik, Clare
name: Eilat-Adar, Sigal
name: Leonard, David
name: Barlow, Carolyn E.
name: Gerber, Yariv
name: Tesler, Riki
name: Byker Shanks, Carmen
name: Pettee Gabriel, Kelley
name: Pavlovic, Andjelka
name: DeFina, Laura F.
name: Shuval, Kerem
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1