J-GEM optical and near-infrared follow-up of gravitational wave events during LIGO's and Virgo's third observing run
Creators: name: Sasada, Mahito
name: Utsumi, Yousuke
name: Itoh, Ryosuke
name: Tominaga, Nozomu
name: Tanaka, Masaomi
name: Morokuma, Tomoki
name: Yanagisawa, Kenshi
name: Kawabata, Koji S.
name: Ohgami, Takayuki
name: Yoshida, Michitoshi
name: Abe, Fumio
name: Adachi, Ryo
name: Akitaya, Hiroshi
name: Chong, Yang
name: Daikuhara, Kazuki
name: Hamasaki, Ryo
name: Honda, Satoshi
name: Hosokawa, Ryohei
name: Iida, Kota
name: Imazato, Fumiya
name: Ishioka, Chihiro
name: Iwasaki, Takumi
name: Jian, Mingjie
name: Kamei, Yuhei
name: Kanai, Takahiro
name: Kaneda, Hidehiro
name: Kaneko, Ayane
name: Katoh, Noriyuki
name: Kawai, Nobuyuki
name: Kubota, Keiichiro
name: Kubota, Yuma
name: Mamiya, Hideo
name: Matsubayashi, Kazuya
name: Morihana, Kumiko
name: Murata, Katsuhiro L.
name: Nagayama, Takahiro
name: Nakamura, Noriatsu
name: Nakaoka, Tatsuya
name: Niino, Yuu
name: Nishinaka, Yuki
name: Niwano, Masafumi
name: Nogami, Daisaku
name: Oasa, Yumiko
name: Oeda, Miki
name: Ogawa, Futa
name: Ohsawa, Ryou
name: Ohta, Kouji
name: Oide, Kohei
name: Onozato, Hiroki
name: Sako, Shigeyuki
name: Saito, Tomoki
name: Sekiguchi, Yuichiro
name: Shigeyama, Toshikazu
name: Shigeyoshi, Takumi
name: Shikauchi, Minori
name: Shiraishi, Kazuki
name: Suzuki, Daisuke
name: Takagi, Kengo
name: Takahashi, Jun
name: Takarada, Takuya
name: Takayama, Masaki
name: Takeuchi, Himeka
name: Tamura, Yasuki
name: Tanaka, Ryoya
name: Toma, Sayaka
name: Tozuka, Miyako
name: Uchida, Nagomi
name: Uzawa, Yoshinori
name: Yamanaka, Masayuki
name: Yasuda, Moeno
name: Yatsu, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration (LVC) sent out 56 gravitational-wave (GW) notices during the third observing run (O3). Japanese collaboration for Gravitational wave ElectroMagnetic follow-up (J-GEM) performed optical and near-infrared observations to identify and observe an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. We constructed web-based system which enabled us to obtain and share information of candidate host galaxies for the counterpart, and status of our observations. Candidate host galaxies were selected from the GLADE catalog with a weight based on the three-dimensional GW localization map provided by LVC. We conducted galaxy-targeted and wide-field blind surveys, real-time data analysis, and visual inspection of observed galaxies. We performed galaxy-targeted follow-ups to 23 GW events during O3, and the maximum probability covered by our observations reached to 9.8%. Among them, we successfully started observations for 10 GW events within 0.5 days after the detection. This result demonstrates that our follow-up observation has a potential to constrain EM radiation models for a merger of binary neutron stars at a distance of up to $\sim$100~Mpc with a probability area of $\leq$ 500~deg$^2$.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, published at https://academic.oup.com/ptep/article/2021/5/05A104/6122445