cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Massive Spiral Galaxy in the Zone of Avoidance
Creators: name: Donley, J. L.
name: Koribalski, B. S.
name: Staveley-Smith, L.
name: Kraan-Korteweg, R. C.
name: Schroeder, A.
name: Henning, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a very HI-massive disk galaxy, HIZOA J0836-43, at a velocity of v_hel = 10689 km/s, corresponding to a distance of 148 Mpc (assuming H_0=75 km/s/Mpc). It was found during the course of a systematic HI survey of the southern Zone of Avoidance (|b| < 5 deg) with the multibeam system at the 64m Parkes radio telescope. Follow-up observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) reveal an extended HI disk. We derive an HI mass of 7.5 x 10^10 Msun. Using the HI radius, we estimate a total dynamical mass of 1.4 x 10^12 Msun, similar to the most massive known disk galaxies such as Malin 1. HIZOA J0836-43 lies deep in the Zone of Avoidance (l, b = 262.48 deg, -1.64 deg) where the optical extinction is very high, A_B = 9.8. However, in the near-infrared wavebands, where the extinction is considerably lower, HIZOA J0836-43 is clearly detected by both DENIS and 2MASS. Deep AAT near-infrared (Ks and H-band) images show that HIZOA J0836-43 is an inclined disk galaxy with a prominent bulge (scale length 2.5 arcsec or 1.7 kpc), and an extended disk (scale length 7 arcsec or 4.7 kpc) which can be traced along the major axis out to a radius of 20 arcsec or 13.4 kpc (at 20 mag/arcsec^2 in Ks). The HI disk is much more extended, having a radius of 66 kpc at 1 Msun/pc^2. Detections in the radio continuum at 1.4 GHz and at 60 micron (IRAS) are consistent with HIZOA J0836-43 forming stars at a rate of ~35 Msun/yr. We compare the properties of HIZOA J0836-43 with those of the most HI-massive galaxies currently known, UGC 4288, UGC 1752 and Malin 1, all of which are classified as giant low surface brightness galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 17 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables, version with high-resolution figures available at: http://frodo.as.arizona.edu/~jdonley/massive/
Purification and characterization of an insulin-stimulated kinase
Creators: name: Zhande, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: The rapid effects of insulin action appear to be mediated at least in part by the activation of a number of discreteprotein serine/threonine kinases. The cellular targets of some of these kinases include key metabolic enzymes such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and the ribosomal S6. While, the S6 kinases have now been purified and characterized, very little is known about the nature of the proteinkinase(s) able to phosphorylate ACC particularly on the insulin-directed site. Previous studies demonstrated that amyelin basic protein-kinase (MBP-kinase) from sea-star is able to phosphorylate the insulin-directed site on ACC. Thus, it was interesting to find out whether a mammalian homolog of this kinase existed. Rapid chromatography of supernatant fractions from rat adipose tissue by MonoQ ion exchange using fast protein liquid chromatography revealed several peaks of insulin-stimulated protein-serine/threonine kinase activity towards myelin basic protein. Progress in the purification and characterization of these kinases was initially impeded by the rapid decay in protein kinase activity of these extracts. Thus, a major concern initially was stabilization of the insulin-stimulated protein serine/threonine kinase activity which would enable subsequent purification and characterization of the kinases. Stabilization was achieved by the use of phosphatase inhibitors, particularly in combination with a rapid procedure which included ammonium sulphate precipitation.This enabled storage of the activated kinases (with apparently very little loss in activity) and further purification. After first examining the chromatographic properties using individual column techniques, the insulin-activated serine/threonine kinases were purified by a procedure which involved ammonium sulphate precipitation, and sequential chromatography on polylysine-agarose, MonoQ, heparin-agarose and a final MonoQ. The purified enzyme showed only two major silver-stained polypeptides (with subunit sizes of 200 and 44 kDa) as judged by SDS-PAGE. From analysis of Western blots performed with several different anti-kinase antibodies, the 44 kDa polypeptide was found to be immunologically related to a sea-star MBP-kinaseas well as to a family of mammalian mitogen-activated kinases designated ERKs. It is concluded that the 44 kDa MBP-kinase in rat adipose tissue is a member of the family of mitogen-activated kinases. However, the precise relationship to these kinases as well as the regulatory properties of this insulin-activated kinase await further characterization including molecular cloning of the rat adipose enzyme.
Collider signatures of gravitino dark matter with a sneutrino NLSP
Creators: name: Covi, Laura
name: Kraml, Sabine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For gravitino dark matter with conserved R-parity and mass in the GeV range, very strong constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis exclude the popular NLSP candidates like neutralino and charged sleptons. In this letter we therefore draw attention to the case of a sneutrino NLSP, that is naturally realised in the context of gaugino mediation. We find interesting collider signatures, characterised by soft jets or leptons due to the small sneutrino--stau mass splitting. Moreover, the lightest neutralino can have visible decays into staus, and in some part of the parameter space also into selectrons and smuons. We also show the importance of coannihilation effects for the evaluation of the BBN constraints.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures; 2 typos corrected, version published in JHEP
Liouville theorem, conformally invariant cones and umbilical surfaces for Grushin-type metrics
Creators: name: Morbidelli, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C17; 53A30

description: We prove a classification theorem for conformal maps with respect to the control distance generated by a system of diagonal vector fields. It turns out that all such maps can be obtained as compositions of suitable dilations, inversions and isometries. We also classify all umbilical surfaces of the underlying metric.
description: Revised version, to appear on Israel Journal of Mathematics. New title and added section 4 on umbilical surfaces
ญี่ปุ่นปะทะจีน: การแย่งชิงอำนาจและอิทธิพลในภูมิภาคเอเชียตะวันออก
Creators: name: ศ. ดร.ไชยวัฒน์ ค้ำชู
Publisher: name: สถาบันเอเชียตะวันออกศึกษาฯ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2015
Subjects: หมู่เกาะเซนกากุ,มหาอำนาจทางเศรษฐกิจและการทหาร,ชาตินิยม,ญี่ปุ่น,จีน

description: 2, 31, วารสารญี่ปุ่นศึกษา
Aulocalycidae Ijima 1927
Creators: name: Gaudin, Jimmy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Hexactinellida
Aulocalycoida
Aulocalycidae

description: Family Aulocalycidae Ijima, 1927    Genus Carlsbergia nom. nov.
 Indiella Sautya, Tabachnick & Ingole, 2011: 14 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Aulocalycidae). Preoccupied by Indiella Blattný, 1925: 215 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae).
 Type species: Indiella ridgenensis Sautya, Tabachnick & Ingole, 2011, by original designation.
 Etymology. The genus is named after the type locality of the species, the Carlsberg Ridge. The genus is feminine in gender.
 Included species. The genus contains only one species: Carlsbergia ridgenensis (Sautya, Tabachnick & Ingole, 2011) comb. nov.
description: Published as part of Gaudin, Jimmy, 2019, Carlsbergia, a replacement name for Indiella Sautya, Tabachnick & Ingole, 2011 (Porifera: Aulocalycidae), pp. 145-146 in Zootaxa 4571 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2605926
Large-scale prediction of the parity distribution in the nuclear level density and application to astrophysical reaction rates
Creators: name: Mocelj, D.
name: Rauscher, T.
name: Martinez-Pinedo, G.
name: Langanke, K.
name: Pacearescu, L.
name: Faessler, A.
name: Thielemann, F. -K.
name: Alhassid, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized method to calculate the excitation-energy dependent parity ratio in the nuclear level density is presented, using the assumption of Poisson distributed independent quasi particles combined with BCS occupation numbers. It is found that it is crucial to employ a sufficiently large model space to allow excitations both from low-lying shells and to higher shells beyond a single major shell. Parity ratios are only found to equilibrate above at least 5-10 MeV of excitation energy. Furthermore, an overshooting effect close to major shells is found where the parity opposite to the ground state parity may dominate across a range of several MeV before the parity ratio finally equilibrates. The method is suited for large-scale calculations as needed, for example, in astrophysical applications. Parity distributions were computed for all nuclei from the proton dripline to the neutron dripline and from Ne up to Bi. These results were then used to recalculate astrophysical reaction rates in a Hauser-Feshbach statistical model. Although certain transitions can be considerably enhanced or suppressed, the impact on astrophysically relevant reactions remains limited, mainly due to the thermal population of target states in stellar reaction rates.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures; corrected/updated references in v2; additional material can be found at http://nucastro.org/adndt.html#parity
Gnypeta saccharina Klimaszewski and Webster 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Savard, Karine
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Webster, Reginald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Gnypeta
Gnypeta saccharina

description: 17. Gnypeta saccharina Klimaszewski and Webster, sp. nov. (CANADA: New Brunswick).
description: Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Savard, Karine, Pelletier, Georges & Webster, Reginald, 2008, Species review of the genus Gnypeta Thomson from Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics and distribution, pp. 11-84 in ZooKeys 2 (2) on page 24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/576410
ญี่ปุ่นในเวทีภูมิภาคหลังวิกฤติเศรษฐกิจปี 1997-1998: มาตรการริเริ่มเชียงใหม่ (The Chiang Mai Initiative)
Creators: name: เบญจมาศ นิลสุวรรณ์
Publisher: name: สถาบันเอเชียตะวันออกศึกษาฯ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2015
Subjects: มาตรการริเริ่มเชียงใหม่,อาเซียนบวกสาม,เสรีนิยมใหม่เชิงสถาบัน,ความร่วมมือทางการเงินในภูมิภาคญี่ปุ่น

description: 2, 31, วารสารญี่ปุ่นศึกษา
Novel exponents control the quasi-deterministic limit of the extinction transition
Creators: name: Kessler, David A.
name: Shnerb, Nadav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quasi-deterministic limit of the generic extinction transition is considered within the framework of standard epidemiological models. The susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model is known to exhibit a transition from extinction to spreading, as the infectivity is increased, described by the directed percolation equivalence class. We find that the distance from the transition point, and the prefactor controlling the divergence of the (perpendicular) correlation length, both scale with the local population size, $N$, with two novel universal exponents. Different exponents characterize the large $N$ behavior of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model, which belongs to the dynamic percolation class. Extensive numerical studies in a range of systems lead to the conjecture that these characteristics are generic and may be used in order to classify the high density limit of any stochastic process on the edge of extinction.
ความตระหนักเกี่ยวกับการควบคุมมลภาวะทางแสงในประเทศญี่ปุ่น
Creators: name: ปีดิเทพ อยู่ยืนยง
Publisher: name: สถาบันเอเชียตะวันออกศึกษาฯ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2015
Subjects: มลภาวะทางแสง,กฎหมายญี่ปุ่น,มาตรการทางกฎหมาย,การจัดการมลภาวะ

description: 2, 31, วารสารญี่ปุ่นศึกษา
Cherenkov Telescope Array Mirror Alignment Report
Creators: name: Toriello, Francis
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is a groundbased observatory for gamma rays with very high energy characteristics within the range of 10 GeV to 100 TeV. It is currently still under development. As the title of the project suggests, it takes advantage of the Cherenkov radiation that is produced by the gamma ray’s interaction with the earth’s upper atmosphere, similar to the guiding physical principles of VERITAS. The primary differences are that CTA will feature more telescopes and possess a larger energy range. Cherenkov radiation will be collected by an array of dozens of optical telescopes of various sizes. These optical telescopes will be composed of hexagonal mirrors that must be aligned relative to each other so as to represent the shape of the telescope as a whole properly. It was in this area of research that my efforts were focused. The most recent proposed system with which to align the mirrors consists primarily of a laser and a webcam. Sixty to three hundred snapshots are taken of the laser and the position of the laser’s centroid in each frame is measured and analyzed by a custom-written computer program executed via ROOT. One to ten microns was the ideal resolution that was required of the system to meet the needs of this project. Since the position of the laser’s centroid was given by pixel number, it was necessary to determine the ratio of pixels to millimeters via another ROOT program described in more detail on the following pages. It was also necessary to ensure by using an OPENCV analysis program that the pixels were not saturated. As will be shown, the consequences of saturation are bothersome edge effects that produce erroneous results.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 8 (2014): Spring 2014
Critical behavior of the spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model on a random two-dimensional lattice
Creators: name: Lima, F. W. S.
name: Plascak, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the critical properties of the spin-3/2 Blume-Capel model in two dimensions on a random lattice with quenched connectivity disorder. The disordered system is simulated by applying the cluster hybrid Monte Carlo update algorithm and re-weighting techniques. We calculate the critical temperature as well as the critical point exponents $γ/ν$, $β/ν$, $α/ν$, and $ν$. We find that, contrary of what happens to the spin-1/2 case, this random system does not belong to the same universality class as the regular two-dimensional ferromagnetic model.
description: 5 pages and 5 figures
Geography education improves spatial ability: evidence from fMRI and behavioral experiments
Creators: name: Dong, Weihua
name: Ying, Qi
name: Yang, Tianyu
name: Zhu, Lin
name: Liu, Yu
name: Wan, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: Previous behavior experimental studies indicate that geography education facilitates the development of students’ spatial ability. However, it is unclear how geography education shapes student brain activity and promotes spatial ability. In this article, we proposed a neuroscience-based method to explore the relationship between geography education and spatial ability. We conducted a behavioral experiment with 63 participants and an fMRI experiment with 49 participants. All the participants were divided into groups according to their undergraduate years and majors completed four spatial ability tasks. The fMRI and behavioral results revealed that after four years of geography education, students had greater mental rotation, spatial visualization and spatial relation reasoning abilities than non-geography students. The activation and functional connectivity of brain regions further indicated that geography education improved students’ spatial reference, spatial memory, visual attention and spatial decision-making. Our findings offer new neuroscience evidence that geography education can improve the spatial ability of undergraduate students, and provide new neuroimaging approach for geographic talent cultivation and curriculum assessment.
Regulatory Focus and the Assignment of Punishment
Creators: name: Carmichael, Chloe
name: Nawi, Nancy
name: Cesario, Joseph
name: Scholer, Abagail
name: Higgins, E. Troy
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: Regulatory Focus has been demonstrated to influence human behavior in a number of domains, such as object valuation and readiness to commit time or money to social projects. It has also been demonstrated to influence an individual’s approach to mistakes; and a person’s preference for global or local processing of information. The present work seeks to consider how regulatory focus might interact with punitive behaviors, specifically, the assignment of legal punishment. In this study, 240 undergraduates completed a series of written instruments that assessed their regulatory focus. They read a vignette that described a target that commits a crime, is detected by the police, and is arrested due to a careless mistake. Participants were asked what level of legal punishment they deemed appropriate. Participants’ punitive evaluations show that there are significant interactions a) between the regulatory focus of the participant and the regulatory focus of the target and b) between the regulatory focus of the participant and the level of detail used to describe the target and her behavior. In each case, when the regulatory foci matched, causing ‘fit,’ the participant was more lenient than in the non-fit condition.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 2 (2007): Spring 2007
การปรับตัวทางสังคมและวัฒนธรรมของคนญี่ปุ่นวัยหลังเกษียณที่พำนักระยะยาวในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ประเทศไทย
Creators: name: สุดปรารถนา ดวงแก้ว
Publisher: name: สถาบันเอเชียตะวันออกศึกษาฯ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2015
Subjects: คนญี่ปุ่นวัยหลังเกษียณ,การพำนักระยะยาว,เชียงใหม่,การปรับตัวทางสังคมและวัฒนธรรม,ทุนทางสังคม

description: 2, 31, วารสารญี่ปุ่นศึกษา
Surveillance and Detection of Inhibitor-Resistant Beta-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Villarin, Joseph M.
name: Bradford, Patricia A
name: Urban, Carl M
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: In recent years, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as the widely-used cephalosporins and penicillins, has become a major challenge for disease therapy, particularly in common hospital-acquired infections. In the search for the mechanisms behind this increasingly prevalent form of resistance, microbiologists have identified a new type of beta-lactamase enzyme, called inhibitor-resistant TEMs (IRTs), which can withstand the effects of beta-lactamase inhibitor compounds, further reducing the arsenal of drugs available to physicians facing resistant bacteria. In this study, we examined the enzymatic and genetic basis of Escherichia coli isolates demonstrating such resistance to beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Susceptibility trials played a major role in composing the experimental cohort for this project (n=50); each isolate was thoroughly tested to ensure that it was resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam, an inhibitor combination, but susceptible to the third-generation cephalosporin ceftazidime. Subsequently, a number of samples were subjected to assay by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (n=18) and polymerase chain reaction (n=3) so that their genetic composition and relatedness might be known. In particular, the presence of genes coding for TEM-type beta-lactamases was investigated for each of the 3 isolates sequenced. Even though it was anticipated that the isolates would possess resistance to inhibitor combinations due to an IRT gene, this was not found to be the case. Instead, the mechanism of resistance turned out to be over-expression of a gene coding for a normal TEM enzyme. The results of these experiments have implications for ensuring successful therapy of bacterial infections and for preventing the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 2 (2007): Spring 2007
Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism and the spin polarization in CrO$_2$
Creators: name: Chioncel, L.
name: Allmaier, H.
name: Arrigoni, E.
name: Yamasaki, A.
name: Daghofer, M.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
name: Lichtenstein, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present electronic structure calculations in combination with local and non-local many-body correlation effects for the half-metallic ferromagnet CrO$_2$. Finite-temperature Dynamical Mean Field Theory results show the existence of non-quasiparticle states, which were recently observed as almost currentless minority spin states near the Fermi energy in resonant scattering experients. At zero temperatures, Variational Cluster Approach calculations support the half-metallic nature of CrO$_2$ as seen in superconducting point contact spectroscopy. The combination of these two techniques allowed us to qualitatively describe the spin-polarization in CrO$_2$.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Gnypeta minuta Klimaszewski and Webster 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Savard, Karine
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Webster, Reginald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Gnypeta
Gnypeta minuta

description: 18. Gnypeta minuta Klimaszewski and Webster, sp. nov. (CANADA: New Brunswick).
description: Published as part of Klimaszewski, Jan, Savard, Karine, Pelletier, Georges & Webster, Reginald, 2008, Species review of the genus Gnypeta Thomson from Canada, Alaska and Greenland (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics and distribution, pp. 11-84 in ZooKeys 2 (2) on page 24, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/576410
Symmetry and Variance: Generative Parametric Modelling of Historical Brick Wall Patterns
Creators: name: Altun, Sevgi
name: Gunes, Mustafa Cem
name: Sahin, Yusuf H.
name: Mertan, Alican
name: Unal, Gozde
name: Ozkar, Mine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study integrates artificial intelligence and computational design tools to extract information from architectural heritage. Photogrammetry-based point cloud models of brick walls from the Anatolian Seljuk period are analysed in terms of the interrelated units of construction, simultaneously considering both the inherent symmetries and irregularities. The real-world data is used as input for acquiring the stochastic parameters of spatial relations and a set of parametric shape rules to recreate designs of existing and hypothetical brick walls within the style. The motivation is to be able to generate large data sets for machine learning of the style and to devise procedures for robotic production of such designs with repetitive units.
description: 10 pages, 7 Figures. This paper is published at "Symmetry: Art and Science | 12th SIS-Symmetry Congress"
The Role of Neonatal Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Deficiency Type II on Proliferation of Neuronal Progenitor Cells and Layering of the Cerebral Cortex in the Developing Brain
Creators: name: Chang, Heepeel
name: Faust, Phyllis
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: Neonatal Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase Deficiency Type II, characterized by the absence of CPT II enzyme, is one of the lethal disorders of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. CPT II regulates the conversion of long chain fatty acids, so that its product, acyl-CoA esters, can enter the Krebs cycle and generate energy. Neonatal mutations of CPT II lead to severe disruption of the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and result in dysmorphic features, cystic renal dysplasia, and neuronal migration defects. Examination of the brain from an approximately 15-week gestation human fetus with CPT II deficiency revealed premature formation of cerebral cortical gyri and sulci and significantly lower levels of neuronal cell proliferation in the ventricular and subventricular zones as compared to the reference cases. We used immunohistochemical markers to further characterize the effect of CPT II deficiency on progenitor cell proliferation and layering of neurons. These studies demonstrated a premature generation of layer 5 cortical neurons. In addition, both the total number and percentage of progenitor cells proliferating in the ventricular zone were markedly reduced in the CPT II case in comparison to a reference case. Our results indicate that CPT II deficiency alters the normal program of cellular proliferation and differentiation in the cortex, with early differentiation of progenitor cells associated with premature cortical maturation.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 2 (2007): Spring 2007
Quantum Register of Fermion Pairs
Creators: name: Hartke, Thomas
name: Oreg, Botond
name: Jia, Ningyuan
name: Zwierlein, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermions are the building blocks of matter, forming atoms and nuclei, complex materials and neutron stars. Our understanding of many-fermion systems is however limited, as classical computers are often insufficient to handle the intricate interplay of the Pauli principle with strong interactions. Quantum simulators based on ultracold fermionic atoms instead directly realize paradigmatic Fermi systems, albeit in "analog" fashion, without coherent control of individual fermions. Digital qubit-based quantum computation of fermion models, on the other hand, faces significant challenges in implementing fermionic anti-symmetrization, calling for an architecture that natively employs fermions as the fundamental unit. Here we demonstrate a robust quantum register composed of hundreds of fermionic atom pairs trapped in an optical lattice. With each fermion pair forming a spin-singlet, the qubit is realized as a set of near-degenerate, symmetry-protected two-particle wavefunctions describing common and relative motion. Degeneracy is lifted by the atomic recoil energy, only dependent on mass and lattice wavelength, thereby rendering two-fermion motional qubits insensitive against noise of the confining potential. We observe quantum coherence beyond ten seconds. Universal control is provided by modulating interactions between the atoms. Via state-dependent, coherent conversion of free atom pairs into tightly bound molecules, we tune the speed of motional entanglement over three orders of magnitude, yielding $10^4$ Ramsey oscillations within the coherence time. For site-resolved motional state readout, fermion pairs are coherently split into a double well, creating entangled Bell pairs. The methods presented here open the door towards fully programmable quantum simulation and digital quantum computation based on fermions.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
The Training of Metacognitive Monitoring in Children
Creators: name: Sussan, Danielle
name: Son, Lisa K
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: The current research tested whether a monitoring ability could be improved above and beyond spontaneous development via explicit teaching. Participants (ages 5-6) were trained to monitor their memories by making confidence judgments through the process of placing bets. Following a picture memory task, participants made either high bets or low bets to indicate their confidence in their previous memory responses. Half of the participants were explicitly taught how to bet appropriately, whereas the other half was not. Two memory tasks tested the effects of training: A picture memory test and a transfer vocabulary procedure. Results showed that during training, participants learned to respond bet appropriately, demonstrating a general monitoring ability. More critically, during testing and transfer, participants in the explicitly taught condition were superior at selective betting to children who were not explicitly trained.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 2 (2007): Spring 2007
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Ga Penetration along Sigma 5 Symmetric Tilt Grain Boundaries in an Al Bicrystal
Creators: name: Nam, Ho-Seok
name: Srolovitz, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liquid metal embrittlement (LME) is a common feature of systems in which a low melting point liquid metal is in contact with another, higher melting point, polycrystalline metal. While different systems exhibit different LME fracture characteristics, the penetration of nanometer-thick liquid metal films along the grain boundary is one of the hallmarks of the process. We employ EAM potentials optimized for Al-Ga binary alloys in a series of MD simulations of an Al bicrystal (with a $Σ5 36.9 ^{\circ} /[010]$ symmetric tilt boundary) in contact with liquid Ga with and without an applied stress. Our simulations clarify the mechanism of LME and how it is affected by applied stresses. The interplay of stress and penetrating Ga atoms leads to the nucleation of a train of dislocations on the grain boundary below the liquid groove root which climbs down the grain boundary at a nearly constant rate. The dislocation climb mechanism and the Ga penetration are coupled. While the dislocations do relax part of the applied stress, the residual stresses keep the grain boundary open, thereby allowing more, fast Ga transport to the penetration front (i.e., Ga layer thickening process). The coupled Ga transport and ``dislocation climb'' is the key to the anomalously fast, time-independent penetration of Ga along grain boundaries in Al. The simulations explain a wide range of experimental observations of LME in Al-Ga the literature.
Review of Alexander Rehding. 2009. Music and Monumentality: Commemoration and Wonderment in Nineteenth-Century Germany. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press
Creators: name: Kim, Ji Young
Publisher: name: Current Musicology
Year: 2011

description: For a long time, historical studies of the sciences adopted a perspective variously known by the names presentist, teleological, essentialist, or Whiggish. Although these expressions carry slightly different meanings, we may roughly characterize this approach as an attempt to read the past in terms of present concerns; past scientific theories that had proven to be “wrong” and displaced by “right” theories are regarded as inferior fringe elements in the history of modern sciences. This approach is, of course, now passe. Most historical studies of the sciences, especially since the publication of Thomas Kuhn’s influential work, are not afraid to explore neglected scientific concepts and theories, and tend to rely heavily on the conceptual and cultural frameworks derived from areas other than science itself. I find it appropriate, therefore, to begin the review of Alexander Rehding’s Hugo Riemann and the Birth of Modern Musical Thought with a discussion of the historiography of science. First, the union of history and science-as well as that of history and music theory-presents some problems. Although it may be naIve, it is undeniable that most people still feel odd about the joining of science and history: the former is forward-looking and concerned with nature, whereas the latter is retrospective and deals with humanity. Likewise, the conjunction of music theory and history raises some conceptual difficulties. In Thomas Christensen’s words, music theory is a “subject that notoriously resists its own history” (2002: 1). Second, the parallelism between science and music theory is significant in studies of late nineteenth-century music theory, particularly in the study of Hugo Riemann’s ideas. Given that many of these theories aspired to scientific grounding, we may parallel historical approaches to the music theory of this period with historiographies of science. In attempting to discuss the shift in perspective in the realm of music theory’s history, we find Riemann’s notion of “harmonic dualism” the best case in point. Riemann believed that “minor triads are symmetrically opposed to major triads and work upsidedown” (Rehding 2003:7), an idea that was quickly discredited by many later generation theorists.
description: Current Musicology, No 92 (2011): Current Musicology
Longitudinal analysis for binary and count data
Creators: name: Graham, Jinko
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Longitudinal data sets consist of repeated observations of an outcome over time, and a corresponding set of covariates for each of many subjects. In many fields, multivariate analysis-of-variance is commonly used to analyse longitudinal data. Such an analysis is appropriate when responses for each subject are multivariate Gaussian with a common covariance matrix for all subjects. In many cases, however, the longitudinal response cannot be transformed to satisfy these assumptions. An alternate analysis might rely on specification of an appropriate likelihood to obtain estimates of regression parameters and their standard errors. Unfortunately, the correlation structure in the data for each subject may not be well understood, making such parametric modelling difficult. This thesis discusses two methods for the analysis of longitudinal data which require only minimal assumptions about the true correlation structure in the data for each subject to yield consistent estimates of regression parameters and their standard errors. The first method is based on the use of a "working" likelihood and extends the results of Zeger, Liang and Self (Biometrika, 1985) to the case of time-dependent covariates. The second method, first presented by Liang and Zeger (Biometrika, 1986), is based on quasi-likelihood theory. This method uses generalized estimating equations to arrive at consistent estimates of the regression coefficients and their standard errors, and can be applied to any longitudinal response with univariate marginal distributions for which the quasi-likelihood formulation is sensible. This includes Gaussian, Poisson, binomial (bernoulli), gamma, and inverse Gaussian distributions. Both methods are extensively illustrated using the results from an experiment on hummingbird learning. These methods enable much more information to be extracted from the hummingbird data set than a more traditional analysis-of-variance, and therefore provide useful and powerful tools for researchers in this subject area.
Power Transformer Monitoring System
Creators: name: Likhar, Shreyansh
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: Monitoring and diagnosis of power as well as distribution transformer is the most important process for extending the life of transformer. A transformer monitoring system is already developed by Siemens which is based on SCADA system. But that system can’t be used in small scale industry because most of the industry lacks in automation. This paper presents the details of a monitoring system which is a standalone device equipped on every transformer individually and this device is able to detect phase failure, unbalanced voltage, and earth fault. Apart from these, the device can also monitor the oil level and oil temperature. The main aim of research is to develop this product and make available on economic rates.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 11 (2017): Spring 2017
Valence bond solid phases in a cubic antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Beach, K. S. D.
name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a valence bond projector Monte Carlo simulation of the cubic lattice quantum Heisenberg model with additional higher-order exchange interactions in each unit cell. The model supports two different valence bond solid ground states. In one of these states, the dimer pattern is a three-dimensional analogue of the columnar pattern familiar from two dimensions. In the other, the dimers are regularly arranged along the four main diagonals in 1/8 of the unit cells. The phases are separated from one other and from a Neel phase by strongly first order boundaries. Our results strengthen the case for exotic transitions in two dimensions, where no discontinuities have been detected at the Heisenberg Neel-VBS transition driven by four-spin plaquet interactions.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Gravity dualities of quantum distances
Creators: name: Yang, Run-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By choosing modular ground state as the reference state, this paper finds that three most frequently-used distances and a quantum quasi-distance, i.e. the trace distance, Fubini-Study distance, Bures distance and Rényi relative entropy, all have gravity dualities. Their gravity dualities have two equivalent descriptions: one is given by the integration of the area of a cosmic brane, the other one is given by the Euclidian on-shell action of dual theory and the area of the cosmic brane. It then applies these dualities into the 2-dimensional conformal field theory as examples and finds the results match with the computations of field theory exactly.
description: 1 figure, 11 pages
Condensates of Strongly-interacting Atoms and Dynamically Generated Dimers
Creators: name: Braaten, Eric
name: Zhang, Dongqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a system of atoms with large positive scattering length, weakly-bound diatomic molecules (dimers) are generated dynamically by the strong interactions between the atoms. If the atoms are modeled by a quantum field theory with an atom field only, condensates of dimers cannot be described by the mean-field approximation because there is no field associated with the dimers. We develop a method for describing dimer condensates in such a model based on the one-particle-irreducible (1PI) effective action. We construct an equivalent 1PI effective action that depends not only on the classical atom field but also on a classical dimer field. The method is illustrated by applying it to the many-body behavior of bosonic atoms with large scattering length at zero temperature using an approximation in which the 2-atom amplitude is treated exactly but irreducible $N$-atom amplitudes for $N \ge 3$ are neglected. The two 1PI effective actions give identical results for the atom superfluid phase, but the one with a classical dimer field is much more convenient for describing the dimer superfluid phase. The results are also compared with previous work on the Bose gas near a Feshbach resonance.
description: 10 figures
Agent Based Trading Model of Heterogeneous & Changing Beliefs
Creators: name: Jung, Jaehoon
Publisher: name: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal
Year: 2020

description: This paper presents an agent-based model of a stock market in which investors trade based on heterogeneous and changing beliefs. The model extends that from (Goodman, 2016), in which each agent trades based on the theory of dynamic investment in (Merton, 1969), with his own belief on the return of the stock. The baseline model implies that optimistic investors buy stocks from pessimistic investors. Then, the model is extended such that the beliefs of agents are time-varying: each agent adjusts his belief differently with the arrival of new information. The key findings from the simulation of the extended model are that (1) trade volume increases with higher heterogeneity of agents’ response to news arrivals and (2) return volatility decreases with more positive or more negative average level of response to news arrivals.
description: Columbia Undergraduate Science Journal, Vol 13 (2019): Spring 2019
The International Astronomical Youth Camp: Diversity and Inclusion in the Context of Astronomy Education
Creators: name: Miller, Nikki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: The International Astronomical Youth Camp (IAYC) is a three-week long summer camp aiming to promote knowledge of astronomy and related sciences in a unique international atmosphere. Participants aged 16-24 have come together annually from all over the world for over 50 years to work on research projects in small groups and exchange cultures. We report on recent efforts in improving the diversity of participants and making the environment of the camp even more welcoming to those who identify as LGBTQ+. Recent camps have hosted roughly equal numbers of male and female participants, and we have seen increasing numbers of non-binary participants. The range of nationalities has increased each year since the first camp in 1969, though we are aware of a lack of representation from developing countries. While we have no quantitative data on sexual orientation, we have very encouraging qualitative data. In recent years, leaders and participants at the camp have opened discussions about consent, safer sex, sexuality and gender in a safe and non-judgemental way. These have had a significant, positive impact on the atmosphere at the camp. One day in the camp program is now reserved for “IAYC Pride'', which at the most recent camp included a lecture about LGBTQ+ identities, a panel discussion about being LGBTQ+ in science, displays about LGBTQ+ history, collaborative art projects and, of course, a pride party. We present anecdotal evidence from participants and leaders, both LGBTQ+ and otherwise, demonstrating the impact of our recent efforts promoting inclusivity.
description: Presented at the LGBTQ+ STEMinar 2021 (8 January 2021, Oxford University, UK)
Hierarchical modelling of multivariate survival data
Creators: name: Gustafson, Paul Antony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Hierarchical models based on conditional independence are investigated as a means of modelling multivariate survival times. The model structure follows Clayton (1978), Hougaard (1986b), and Oakes (1986, 1989). Both approximate Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimation in these models is investigated via simulation. Predicting a component of a response vector on the basis of other components of the response and other vectors is also studied, using Bayes and empirical Bayes methods. Application to real data is detailed, using the techniques of estimation and prediction discussed.
Voice as Action: Towards a Model for Analyzing the Dynamic Construction of Racialized Voice
Creators: name: Eidsheim, Nina
Publisher: name: Current Musicology
Year: 2012

description: Vocal timbre is commonly believed to be an unmanipulable attribute, akin to a sonic fingerprint. Because the voice arises from inside the body, quotidian discourse tends to refer to someone’s vocal sounds as inborn, natural, and true expressions of the person. What, then, are we to make of the common notion that a person’s race is audible in her voice? While it has been conclusively demonstrated that many of the physiognomic aspects historically employed as evidence of a person’s race—including skin color, hair texture, and dialect or accent —actually evidence nothing more than the construction of race according to the ideological values of beholders, vocal timbre continues to elude such deconstruction. Recent critical thought on the intermingling of the physical senses, including the so–called sensory turn in anthropology, “new materialist” philosophies, and recent advances in science, technology, sound studies, and media studies, underscores the need for scholarship that recognizes the voice and vocal categories as culturally conditioned material entities. Trends such as the metaphorical notion of “having voice” have to some degree obscured the material and multisensory aspects of voice. Conceived within the specific context of musicology and the general context of the humanities, this article seeks to demonstrate how the re–framing of voice implied by sensory and material inquiries redraws the topology of voice. I believe that this exercise may offer a deepened understanding of racial dynamics as they play out in our interactions with voice.
description: Current Musicology, No 93 (2012): Current Musicology
Rotating Boson Stars Using Finite Differences and Global Newton Methods
Creators: name: Ontanon, Santiago
name: Alcubierre, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Rotating Boson Star initial data for Numerical Relativity as previously considered by Yoshida and Eriguchi, Lai (arXiv:gr-qc/0410040v2), and Grandclement, Somé and Gourgoulhon (arXiv:1405.4837v3). We use a 3 + 1 decomposition as presented by Gourgoulhon (arXiv:1003.5015v2) and Alcubierre, adapted to an axisymmetric quasi-isotropic spacetime with added regularization at the axis following work by Ruíz, Alcubierre and Núñez (arXiv:0706.0923v2) and Torres. The Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations result in a system of six-coupled, elliptic, nonlinear equations with an added unknown for the scalar field's frequency $ω$. Utilizing a Cartesian two-dimensional grid, finite differences, Global Newton Methods adapted from Deuflhard, the sparse direct linear solver PARDISO, and properly constraining all variables generates data sets for rotation azimuthal integers $l \in [0, 6]$. Our numerical implementation, published in GitHub, is shown to correctly converge both with respect to the resolution size and boundary extension (fourth-order and third-order, respectively). Thus, global parameters such as the Komar masses and angular momenta can be precisely calculated to characterize these spacetimes. Furthermore, analyzing the full family at fixed rotation integer produces maximum masses and minimum frequencies. These coincide with previous results in literature for $l \in [0,2]$ and are new for $l > 2$. In particular, the study of high-amplitude and localized scalar fields in axial symmetry is revealed to be only possible by adding the sixth regularization variable.
description: 45 pages, 13 figures
ฤทธิ์ต้านเชื้อแบคทีเรีย ต้านการเกิดไบโอฟิล์ม และต้านอนุมูลอิสระ ของสารสกัดสมุนไพรจีนต่อเชื้อแบคทีเรียในช่องปาก
Creators: name: ดรุณรัตน์ สบายใจ
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเพชรบุรี
Year: 2020
Subjects: สารสกัดหยาบจากสมุนไพรจีน
สารต้านอนุมูลอิสระMIC MBC
ไบโอฟิล์ม

description: วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์แห่งมหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏเพชรบุรี, 17, 1, 33-44