cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is an Epic Pluvial Masking the Water Insecurity of the Greater New York City Region?
Creators: Pederson, Neil
Bell, Andrew R.
Cook, Edward R.
Lall, Upmanu
Devineni, Naresh
Seager, Richard
Eggleston, Keith
Vranes, Kevin P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Water-supply
Water resources development--Management
Paleoclimatology
Environmental sciences

description: Six water emergencies have occurred since 1981 for the New York City (NYC) region despite the following: 1) its perhumid climate, 2) substantial conservation of water since 1979, and 3) meteorological data showing little severe or extreme drought since 1970. This study reconstructs 472 years of moisture availability for the NYC watershed to place these emergencies in long-term hydroclimatic context. Using nested reconstruction techniques, 32 tree-ring chronologies comprised of 12 species account for up to 66.2% of the average May–August Palmer drought severity index. Verification statistics indicate good statistical skill from 1531 to 2003. The use of multiple tree species, including rarely used species that can sometimes occur on mesic sites like Liriodendron tulipifera, Betula lenta, and Carya spp., seems to aid reconstruction skill. Importantly, the reconstruction captures pluvial events in the instrumental record nearly as well as drought events and is significantly correlated to precipitation over much of the northeastern United States. While the mid-1960s drought is a severe drought in the context of the new reconstruction, the region experienced repeated droughts of similar intensity, but greater duration during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The full record reveals a trend toward more pluvial conditions since ca. 1800 that is accentuated by an unprecedented 43-yr pluvial event that continues through 2011. In the context of the current pluvial, decreasing water usage, but increasing extra-urban pressures, it appears that the water supply system for the greater NYC region could be severely stressed if the current water boom shifts toward hydroclimatic regimes like the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Smallest eigenvalue distribution of the fixed trace Laguerre beta-ensemble
Creators: name: Chen, Yang
name: Liu, Dang-Zheng
name: Zhou, Da-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A52

description: In this paper we study entanglement of the reduced density matrix of a bipartite quantum system in a random pure state. It transpires that this involves the computation of the smallest eigenvalue distribution of the fixed trace Laguerre ensemble of $N\times N$ random matrices. We showed that for finite $N$ the smallest eigenvalue distribution may be expressed in terms of Jack polynomials. Furthermore, based on the exact results, we found, a limiting distribution, when the smallest eigenvalue is suitably scaled with $N$ followed by a large $N$ limit. Our results turn out to be the same as the smallest eigenvalue distribution of the classical Laguerre ensembles without the fixed trace constraint. This suggests in a broad sense, the global constraint does not influence local correlations, at least, in the large $N$ limit. Consequently, we have solved an open problem: The determination of the smallest eigenvalue distribution of the reduced density matrix---obtained by tracing out the environmental degrees of freedom---for a bipartite quantum system of unequal dimensions.
description: 14 pages;we have revised our paper, so as that state in clearer way what we intend to do and the results we found
Megadroughts in North America: placing IPCC projections of hydroclimatic change in a long-term palaeoclimate context
Creators: Cook, Edward R.
Seager, Richard
Heim, Richard R.
Herweijer, Celine
Vose, Russell S.
Woodhouse, Connie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Droughts
Paleoclimatology
Hydrologic cycle
Climatic changes

description: IPCC Assessment Report 4 model projections suggest that the subtropical dry zones of the world will both dry and expand poleward in the future due to greenhouse warming. The US Southwest is particularly vulnerable in this regard and model projections indicate a progressive drying there out to the end of the 21st century. At the same time, the USA has been in a state of drought over much of the West for about 10 years now. While severe, this turn of the century drought has not yet clearly exceeded the severity of two exceptional droughts in the 20th century. So while the coincidence between the turn of the century drought and projected drying in the Southwest is cause for concern, it is premature to claim that the model projections are correct. At the same time, great new insights into past drought variability over North America have been made through the development of the North American Drought Atlas from tree rings. Analyses of this drought atlas have revealed past megadroughts of unprecedented duration in the West, largely in the Medieval period about 1000 years ago. A vastly improved Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA) for North America now under development reveals these megadroughts in far greater detail. The LBDA indicates the occurrence of the same Medieval megadroughts in the West and similar-scale megadroughts in the agriculturally and commercially important Mississippi Valley. Possible causes of these megadroughts and their implications for the future are discussed.
Heads of Faculty leading curriculum reform : a case study of post year 10 mandated curriculum reform in a Tasmanian secondary school
Creators: name: Colman, JM
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Curriculum reform internationally and within Australia has been undergoing dramatic change, and educational leaders are faced with the challenges which reform creates. Tasmania is no exception and it has experienced its own educational reform challenges in schools over the past decade. The curriculum reforms in post compulsory secondary education in Years 11 and 12, Tasmania A State of Learning‚ÄövÑvÆA Strategy for Post Year 10 Education and Training (Department of Education, 2003) created a platform for future mandated reform and was the reform instrument used for the purposes of this study. Despite significant research having been conducted in other countries, contributing to an extensive body of literature about the implementation of mandated curriculum reform by Heads of Faculty and those in middle leadership roles in schools (Jones, 2006; Moore, 2007a), research in an Australian, and, more particularly, in a Tasmanian context, remains limited. The research literature on implementing curriculum reform in schools has focussed largely on the effect of the Principal and Deputy Leaders as leaders in schools (Fullan, 2001a; Hargreaves, 2003) with limited research about those in 'middle' leadership roles such as the Heads of Faculty and their role in implementing reform. Middle leaders are those largely responsible for leading teams of teachers in the implementation of these new reforms, and are the key personnel in all stages of the implementation of the reform process.
Origin of Spatial Charge Inhomogeneity in Graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuanbo
name: Brar, Victor W.
name: Girit, Caglar
name: Zettl, Alex
name: Crommie, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an ideal graphene sheet charge carriers behave as two-dimensional (2D) Dirac fermions governed by the quantum mechanics of massless relativistic particles. This has been confirmed by the discovery of a half-integer quantum Hall effect in graphene flakes placed on a SiO2 substrate. The Dirac fermions in graphene, however, are subject to microscopic perturbations that include topographic corrugations and electron density inhomogeneities (i.e. charge puddles). Such perturbations profoundly alter Dirac fermion behavior, with implications for their fundamental physics as well as for future graphene device applications. Here we report a new technique of Dirac point mapping that we have used to determine the origin of charge inhomogeneities in graphene. We find that fluctuations in graphene charge density are not caused by topographical corrugations, but rather by charge-donating impurities below the graphene. These impurities induce unexpected standing wave patterns due to supposedly forbidden back-scattering of Dirac fermions. Such wave patterns can be continuously modulated by electric gating. Our observations provide new insight into impurity scattering of Dirac fermions and the microscopic mechanisms limiting electronic mobility in graphene.
Anti-inflammatory effects of Artemisia stechmanniana Besser extract on LPS-stimulated macrophages
Creators: name: Kim, Wan-Hoon
name: Jang, Hyun Jun
name: Kim, Jisu
name: Jeong, Chi Hwan
name: Enebish, Ganbold
name: Kim, Soo-Yong
name: Min, Hyeyoung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A. stechmanniana Besser is a semi-shrub plant indigenous to Mongolia, Central Asia, Russia, and Pakistan. Although A. stechmanniana has been used as folk medicine for inflammation, helminth infection, and tumors, the physiological activities of A. stechmanniana have not been fully experimentally validated. We investigated the anti-inflammatory activities and underlying mechanisms of action of A. stechmanniana on LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Macrophages treated with A. stechmanniana-methanol extract (As-ME) showed the decreased expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 and secretion of NO, prostaglandin E2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we found As-ME reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which was accompanied by a decrease in c-Jun in the nucleus, and suppressed the phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor α and the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. The results indicated that As-ME possesses anti-inflammatory effects mediated through inhibition of JNK and NF-κB phosphorylation.
Methylomic profiles reveal sex-specific differences in leukocyte composition associated with post-traumatic stress disorder
Creators: name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Koenen, K.C.
name: Galea, S.
name: Lori, A.
name: Armstrong, D.L.
name: Michopoulos, V.
name: Wildman, D.E.
name: Xue, F.
name: Uddin, M.
name: Smith, A.K.
name: Kim, G.S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental disorder precipitated by trauma exposure. However, only some persons exposed to trauma develop PTSD. There are sex differences in risk; twice as many women as men develop a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. Methylomic profiles derived from peripheral blood are well-suited for investigating PTSD because DNA methylation (DNAm) encodes individual response to trauma and may play a key role in the immune dysregulation characteristic of PTSD pathophysiology. In the current study, we leveraged recent methodological advances to investigate sex-specific differences in DNAm-based leukocyte composition that are associated with lifetime PTSD. We estimated leukocyte composition on a combined methylation array dataset (483 participants, ∼450 k CpG sites) consisting of two civilian cohorts, the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study and Grady Trauma Project. Sex-stratified Mann-Whitney U test and two-way ANCOVA revealed that lifetime PTSD was associated with significantly higher monocyte proportions in males, but not in females (Holm-adjusted p-val < 0.05). No difference in monocyte proportions was observed between current and remitted PTSD cases in males, suggesting that this sex-specific difference may reflect a long-standing trait of lifetime history of PTSD, rather than current state of PTSD. Associations with lifetime PTSD or PTSD status were not observed in any other leukocyte subtype and our finding in monocytes was confirmed using cell estimates based on a different deconvolution algorithm, suggesting that our sex-specific findings are robust across cell estimation approaches. Overall, our main finding of elevated monocyte proportions in males, but not in females with lifetime history of PTSD provides evidence for a sex-specific difference in peripheral blood leukocyte composition that is detectable in methylomic profiles and that may reflect long-standing changes associated with PTSD diagnosis.
Additional file 1 of Pyroptosis-related prognosis model, immunocyte infiltration characterization, and competing endogenous RNA network of glioblastoma
Creators: name: Ding, Min-Rui
name: Qu, Yan-Jie
name: Peng, Xiao
name: Chen, Jin-Fang
name: Zhang, Meng-Xue
name: Zhang, Tong
name: Hu, Bing
name: An, Hong-Mei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Correlation analysis of prognostic PRGs expression with immunocyte levels in TIMER database.
Standards for data handling
Creators: name: Goñi, Ramon
name: Apostolov, Rossen
name: Lundborg, Magnus
name: Bernau, Christoph
name: Jamitzky, Ferdinand
name: Laure, Erwin
name: Lindahl, Erik
name: Andrio, Pau
name: Becerra, Yolanda
name: Orozco, Modesto
name: Gelpí, Josep Lluís
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Molecular Dynamics
Data management
Data standards

description: We present in this paper ScalaLife’s proposed data standards and best practices for Molecular Dynamics data management. Our proposed data standard is divided in two layers: the XML UMM format and the embedded TNG file. TNG is a high-compressed and robust file format that allows nonsequential access to trajectory information. TNG will be adopted by GROMACS from the next major release. UMM is implemented in XSD and sets the common definition of high-level simulation information. We also implemented UMM-MoDEL, a database software bundle to manage MD simulation data using UMM/TNG standards. ScalaLife is working for the adoption of the standards developing open I/O APIs, converters and interfaces for Life Sciences community.
Relation of Diabetes to Cognitive Function in Hispanics/Latinos of Diverse Backgrounds in the United States
Creators: name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Elfassy, T.
name: Zeki Al Hazzouri, A.
name: Gellman, M.
name: Tarraf, W.
name: Grober, E.
name: González, H.M.
name: Haan, M.N.
name: Florez, H.J.
name: Luchsinger, J.A.
name: Wright, C.B.
name: Schneiderman, N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Objectives:To examine the association between diabetes and cognitive function within U.S. Hispanics/Latinos of Central American, Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and South American background. Method: This cross-sectional study included 9,609 men and women (mean age = 56.5 years), who are members of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. We classified participants as having diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose regulation. Participants underwent a neurocognitive battery consisting of tests of verbal fluency, delayed recall, and processing speed. Analyses were stratified by Hispanic/Latino subgroup. Results: From fully adjusted linear regression models, compared with having normal glucose regulation, having diabetes was associated with worse processing speed among Cubans (β = −1.99; 95% CI [confidence interval] = [−3.80, −0.19]) and Mexicans (β = −2.26; 95% CI = [−4.02, −0.51]). Compared with having normal glucose regulation, having prediabetes or diabetes was associated with worse delayed recall only among Mexicans (prediabetes: β = −0.34; 95% CI = [−0.63, −0.05] and diabetes: β = −0.41; 95% CI = [−0.79, −0.04]). No associations with verbal fluency. Discussion: The relationship between diabetes and cognitive function varied across Hispanic/Latino subgroup.
Senegalia Rafinesque 1838
Creators: name: Miller, Joseph T.
name: Terra, Vanessa
name: Riggins, Chance
name: Ebinger, John E.
name: Seigler, David S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Senegalia

description: KEY TO SENEGALIA TAXA 1. Prickles common on stem and usually the leaf petiole and rachis (prickles may rarely be absent or rare on individual specimens)...... Senegalia 1. Prickles absent onstem and leaf petioleand rachis.................................................................................. 2 2. Inflorescence a globose to subglobose head.................................................................................... 3 3. Flowers pedicellate; stamens consistently 200+; petiolar glands absent................................................ …. Acaciella 3. Flowers sessileto rarely subsessile; stamens lessthan 200; petiolar gland present.............................. Parasenegalia (in part) 2. Inflorescenceacylindrical spike.............................................................................................. 4 4. Leaflets small, 1.2 – 2.9 mmlongand 0.4 – 0.9 mm wide; petioles 0.5 – 13 mm long; spurbranches present.............................. 5 5. Perianth scarious; flowers 7.5 – 10.0 mm long, the corolla 3.3 – 6.0 mm long; Bolivia................................ Pseudosenegalia 5. Perianth not scarious; flowers 5.5 – 7.5 mm long, the corolla 2 – 3 mm long; Mexico............................ Mariosousa compacta 4. Leaflets mostly longer and wider; petioles most more than 15 mm long; spur branches absent...................................... 6 6. Fruit valves coriaceous; lenticels on twigs orange, orbicular to slightly elongated vertically,.............................. somemorethan 0.6 mmacross............................................................... Parasenegalia (in part) 6. Fruit valves thinner, chartaceous; lenticels not orange, orbicular to slightly elongated horizontally, very.................. rarelyto 0.6 mmacross................................................................................... Mariosousa
description: Published as part of Miller, Joseph T., Terra, Vanessa, Riggins, Chance, Ebinger, John E. & Seigler, David S., 2017, Molecular Phylogenetics of Parasenegalia and Pseudosenegalia (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae), pp. 464-469 in Systematic Botany 42 (3) on page 468, DOI: 10.1600/036364417X696140
On Higher Derivatives in 3D Gravity and Higher Spin Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric A.
name: Hohm, Olaf
name: Townsend, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general second-order massive field equations for arbitrary positive integer spin in three spacetime dimensions, and their "self-dual" limit to first-order equations, are shown to be equivalent to gauge-invariant higher-derivative field equations. We recover most known equivalences for spins 1 and 2, and find some new ones. In particular, we find a non-unitary massive 3D gravity theory with a 5th order term obtained by contraction of the Ricci and Cotton tensors; this term is part of an N=2 super-invariant that includes the "extended Chern-Simons" term of 3D electrodynamics. We also find a new unitary 6th order gauge theory for "self-dual" spin 3.
description: 23 pp. New references, improved spin-3 discussion. Minor additional corrections in v3
Millennium tree-ring reconstruction of drought variability in the eastern Qilian Mountains, northwest China
Creators: Gou, Xiaohua
Deng, Yang
Gao, Linlin
Chen, Fahu
Cook, Edward R.
Yang, Meixue
Zhang, Fen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Dendrochronology
Meteorology

description: Knowledge of natural long-term drought variability is essential for water resource management and planning, especially in arid and sub-arid regions of the world. In the eastern Qilian Mountains of China, long-term drought variability based on high-resolution proxy records such as tree-ring data are still scarce to date. Here we present a new tree-ring chronology from the eastern Qilian Mountains which provides a valuable 1,002-year record (1009–2010 CE) of drought variability. The new reconstruction of June–July 5-month scale standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index is the first millennium tree-ring estimate of past climate developed in the eastern Qilian Mountains. The record shows that this region has experienced several persistent droughts and pluvials over the past millennium, with significantly drier climate during the fifteenth century and dramatic wetting since the nineteenth century. The low frequency generally agrees with other nearby studies based on both tree-ring data and other proxy data.
Dynamical noncommutativity
Creators: name: Gomes, M.
name: Kupriyanov, V. G.
name: da Silva, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model of dynamical noncommutativity is proposed. The system consists of two interrelated parts. The first of them describes the physical degrees of freedom with coordinates q^1, q^2, the second one corresponds to the noncommutativity r which has a proper dynamics. After quantization the commutator of two physical coordinates is proportional to the function of r. The interesting feature of our model is the dependence of nonlocality on the energy of the system. The more the energy, the more the nonlocality. The lidding contribution is due to the mode of noncommutativity, however, the physical degrees of freedom also contribute in nonlocality in higher orders in θ.
description: published version
A modern approach to born reciprocity
Creators: name: Morgan, SO
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In the early twentieth century, Max Born attempted to develop a theory he called the principle of reciprocity‚ÄövÑvp. He observed that many formulae of physics remain unchanged under the following transformation of space-time coordinates and momentum-energy variables: x\\(^˜í¬¿\\) ‚Äövúv¿ p\\(^˜í¬¿\\); p\\(^˜í¬¿\\) ‚Äövúv¿ ‚ÄövÑvÆx\\(^˜í¬¿\\). Examples include Hamilton's equations and Heisenberg's commutation relations. Born's attempts to expand this observation to a general theory were largely unsuccessful. More recently, Stephen Low has made use of the group theoretical methods of Eugene Wigner, Valentine Bargmann and George Mackey to study a group which possesses Born reciprocity as an intrinsic symmetry, called the \quaplectic group\" \\(Q\\)(1 3). This involves the postulation of a new fundamental constant: the maximum rate of change of momentum (or maximum force) - denoted by \\(b\\). It also involves a new space-time-momentum-energy line element: ds\\(^2\\) = ‚Äöv†v¿dt\\(^2\\) + 1/c\\(^2\\)dx\\(^2\\) + 1/b\\(^2\\)(dp\\(^2\\) ‚Äöv†v¿ 1/c\\(^2\\)de\\(^2\\)) which remains invariant under quaplectic transformations. In this work we consider the different contraction limits of the quaplectic group in analogy to the contraction of the Poincare group to the Galilei group in the limit c ‚Äövúv¿ ‚Äöv†vª . In particular the quaplectic group contracts to the Poincare group in the limit b ‚Äövúv¿ ‚Äöv†vª (under the constraint that the reference frames must be inertial) and to the Hamilton group - the group of non-inertial classical mechanics - in the limit b c ‚Äövúv¿ ‚Äöv†vª. For the compact group \\(Q\\)(2) acting on two dimensional Euclidean space we consider the branching rules and use the \\(P^2\\) Casimir operator of the Euclidean subgroup to label states. We consider the implications of Born reciprocity to the Schr‚àö‚àÇdinger-Robertson inequality concluding that the covariance matrix ‚Äöv†v´ is quaplectic invariant and that physically distinct semi-classical limits of two different but unitarily-equivalent minimal uncertainty states must be related by a unitary transformation which does not belong to the quaplectic group. Finally we explore the worldline quantisation of a system invariant under reciprocal relativity finding that the square of the energy-momentum tensor is continuous over the entire real line. The resulting states therefore include tachyonic and null states as well as massless states of continuous spin which cannot be projected out in the current formulation. These states are discussed along with the massive states."
A longitudinal study of the association between persistent pathogens and incident depression among older U.S. Latinos
Creators: name: Yolken, R.
name: Zheng, C.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Simanek, A.M.
name: Haan, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Depression is estimated to affect more than 6.5 million Americans 65 years of age and older and compared with non-Latino whites older U.S. Latinos have a greater incidence and severity of depression, warranting further investigation of novel risk factors for depression onset among this population. We used data on 771/1,789 individuals ≥60 years of age from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998-2008) who were tested for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster, Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) level. Among those without elevated depressive symptoms at baseline, we examined the association between each pathogen, inflammatory markers and incident depression over up to nearly 10 years of follow-up using discrete-time logistic regression. We found that only CMV seropositivity was statistically significantly associated with increased odds of incident depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.90) in the total sample as well as among women only (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01-2.86). These associations were not mediated by CRP or IL-6 levels. Our findings suggest that CMV seropositivity may serve as an important risk factor for the onset of depression among older U.S. Latinos, but act outside of inflammatory pathways.
Additional file 2 of CK2 alpha prime and alpha-synuclein pathogenic functional interaction mediates synaptic dysregulation in Huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Yu, Dahyun
name: Zarate, Nicole
name: White, Angel
name: Coates, De’jah
name: Tsai, Wei
name: Nanclares, Carmen
name: Cuccu, Francesco
name: Yue, Johnny S.
name: Brown, Taylor G.
name: Mansky, Rachel H.
name: Jiang, Kevin
name: Kim, Hyuck
name: Nichols-Meade, Tessa
name: Larson, Sarah N.
name: Gundry, Katherine
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Tomas-Zapico, Cristina
name: Lucas, Jose J.
name: Benneyworth, Michael
name: Öz, Gülin
name: Cvetanovic, Marija
name: Araque, Alfonso
name: Gomez-Pastor, Rocio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Deficiency in CK2α’ expression does not affect MSN abundance but does influence synaptic genes. a, b, Representative images show the labeling of Ctip2 (a) and quantitative analysis (b) from striatum of zQ175 and zQ175:CK2α’(+/-) mice (n = 3 mice/genotype, at least 3 images averaged/mouse). Scale bar, 50 µm. c, mRNA levels assessed by RT-qPCR of Drd1 and Drd2 (striatal MSN markers), Darpp32 and PSD95 in the striatum of 12 months old mice (n=4 mice/genotype). Error bars denote mean ± SD, values were analyzed by Student’s t-test. p-values <0.05 for differences between groups are indicated in each graph. n.s = not significant.
Oceanic and radiative forcing of medieval megadroughts in the American southwest
Creators: Steiger, Nathan J.
Smerdon, Jason E.
Cook, Benjamin I.
Seager, Richard
Williams, A. Park
Cook, Edward R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Droughts
Paleoclimatology
Ocean temperature
Climatic changes

description: Multidecadal “megadroughts” were a notable feature of the climate of the American Southwest over the Common era, yet we still lack a comprehensive theory for what caused these megadroughts and why they curiously only occurred before about 1600 CE. Here, we use the Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation product, in conjunction with radiative forcing estimates, to demonstrate that megadroughts in the American Southwest were driven by unusually frequent and cold central tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) excursions in conjunction with anomalously warm Atlantic SSTs and a locally positive radiative forcing. This assessment of past megadroughts provides the first comprehensive theory for the causes of megadroughts and their clustering particularly during the Medieval era. This work also provides the first paleoclimatic support for the prediction that the risk of American Southwest megadroughts will markedly increase with global warming.
Method to measure off-axis displacements based on the analysis of the intensity distribution of a vortex beam
Creators: name: Anzolin, G.
name: Tamburini, F.
name: Bianchini, A.
name: Barbieri, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the Fraunhofer diffraction patterns produced by Gaussian beams crossing spiral phase plates. We show, both analytically and numerically, that off-axis displacements of the input beam produce asymmetric diffraction patterns. The intensity profile along the direction of maximum asymmetry shows two different peaks. We find that the intensity ratio between these two peaks decreases exponentially with the off-axis displacement of the incident beam, the decay being steeper for higher strengths of the optical singularity of the spiral phase plate. We analyze how this intensity ratio can be used to measure small misalignments of the input beam with a very high precision.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in PRA
FKBP5 DNA methylation does not mediate the association between childhood maltreatment and depression symptom severity in the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study
Creators: name: Galea, S.
name: Bustamante, A.C.
name: Wildman, D.E.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Guffanti, G.
name: Uddin, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Exposure to childhood maltreatment increases the risk of developing mental illness later in life. Childhood maltreatment and depression have both been associated with dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis—a key regulator of the body's stress response. Additionally, HPA axis dysregulation has been implicated in the etiology of a range of mental illnesses. A substantial body of work has shown history of childhood maltreatment alters DNA methylation levels within key HPA axis genes. We therefore investigated whether one of these key genes, FKBP5 mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, and assessed FKBP5 DNA methylation and gene expression within 112 adults from the Detroit Neighborhood Health Study (DNHS). DNA methylation was assessed in 4 regions, including the upstream promoter, downstream promoter, and two glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) via pyrosequencing using whole blood derived DNA; Taqman assays measured relative RNA expression from leukocytes. Mediation analyses were conducted using sequential linear regression. Childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with depression symptom severity (FDR < 0.006), but was not a significant predictor of DNA methylation in any of the four loci examined. FKBP5 showed elevated expression levels in participants with vs. without a history of depression (p < 0.001); no significant difference in gene expression levels was observed in relation to childhood maltreatment (p > 0.05). Our results suggest DNA methylation does not mediate the childhood maltreatment-depression association in the DNHS.
Old World megadroughts and pluvials during the Common Era
Creators: Cook, Edward R.
Seager, Richard
Kushnir, Yochanan
Briffa, Keith R.
Büntgen, Ulf
Frank, David
Krusic, Paul J.
Tegel, Willy
van der Schrier, Gerard
Andreu Hayles, Laia
Baillie, Mike
Baittinger, Claudia
Bleicher, Niels
Bonde, Niels
Brown, David
Carrer, Marco
Cooper, Richard
Čufar, Katarina
Dittmar, Christoph
Esper, Jan
Griggs, Carol
Gunnarson, Björn
Günther, Björn
Gutierrez, Emilia
Haneca, Kristof
Helama, Samuli
Herzig, Franz
Heussner, Karl-Uwe
Hofmann, Jutta
Janda, Pavel
Kontic, Raymond
Köse, Nesibe
Kyncl, Tomáš
Levanič, Tom
Linderholm, Hans
Manning, Sturt
Melvin, Thomas M.
Miles, Daniel
Neuwirth, Burkhard
Nicolussi, Kurt
Nola, Paola
Panayotov, Momchil
Popa, Ionel
Rothe, Andreas
Seftigen, Kristina
Seim, Andrea
Svarva, Helene
Svoboda, Miroslav
Thun, Terje
Timonen, Mauri
Touchan, Ramzi
Trotsiuk, Volodymyr
Trouet, Valerie
Walder, Felix
Ważny, Tomasz
Wilson, Rob
Zang, Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Pluvial periods
Droughts
Dendroclimatology
Climatic changes
Meteorology

description: Climate model projections suggest widespread drying in the Mediterranean Basin and wetting in Fennoscandia in the coming decades largely as a consequence of greenhouse gas forcing of climate. To place these and other “Old World” climate projections into historical perspective based on more complete estimates of natural hydroclimatic variability, we have developed the “Old World Drought Atlas” (OWDA), a set of year-to-year maps of tree-ring reconstructed summer wetness and dryness over Europe and the Mediterranean Basin during the Common Era. The OWDA matches historical accounts of severe drought and wetness with a spatial completeness not previously available. In addition, megadroughts reconstructed over north-central Europe in the 11th and mid-15th centuries reinforce other evidence from North America and Asia that droughts were more severe, extensive, and prolonged over Northern Hemisphere land areas before the 20th century, with an inadequate understanding of their causes. The OWDA provides new data to determine the causes of Old World drought and wetness and attribute past climate variability to forced and/or internal variability.
Cross-border ties, nativity, and inflammatory markers in a population-based prospective study of Latino adults
Creators: name: Haan, M.N.
name: To, T.M.
name: Epel, E.S.
name: Lee, A.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Torres, J.M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Even after migration, immigrants and their descendants may continue to have ties to family and friends who remain in places of origin. Recent research suggests that these cross-border social ties have implications for health, although this scholarship has been limited to self-reported outcomes. Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA), we estimate associations between cross-border social ties and inflammatory biomarkers among Latino adults (n = 1786). We find that immigrants who maintained any cross-border connection to family and friends in Latin America had significantly lower levels of baseline interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to their US-born counterparts with no cross-border ties. These results held for values of CRP at five-year follow-up for men only. In contrast, US-born women with cross-border ties to family and friends in Latin America had both significantly higher levels of CRP and significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at five-year follow-up relative to their US-born counterparts with no cross-border ties. We find descriptively that men who have cross-border ties are also less likely to be socially isolated within local contexts. Considering place-of-origin social connections may contribute critical nuance to studies of immigrant health, including disparities in inflammatory markers that may serve as indicators of underlying chronic disease.
Differences in Smiley Usage and Sentiment in Reddit Corpora
Creators: name: Wetzel, Leon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Reddit
Sentiment analysis
Python
Regression
VADER

description: What do smileys actually mean? Since people do not have an official dictionary on smileys - unlike dictionaries for words such as the Oxford dictionary or the Van Dale dictionary - they rely on their gut feeling or made-up conventions if they decide to use :) instead of :(. It is also reasonable to think that users learn from each other: if one uses :), it is likely that a person who first encounters that smiley will use it in future conversations as well. Also, smileys tend to be loyally used: one does not abandon a :) because (: is cooler or better. In this thesis, we look at the sentiment state of corpora in which a smiley is used. We will discover if :) is really used more often in positive messages than :(. Furthermore, we take a look at a niche phenomenon in the form of the reversed smileys such as (: and ): . Do they mean the same as their normal counterparts? And how popular are these smileys?
On the influence of tree size on the climate–growth relationship of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis): insights from annual, monthly and daily growth patterns
Creators: Wunder, Jan
Fowler, Anthony M.
Cook, Edward R.
Pirie, Maryann
McCloskey, Shane P. J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Botany

description: Many tree-ring-based climate reconstructions are based on the assumption that the climate reaction of trees is independent of their size. Here, we test this assumption for New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis), one of the longest tree ring-based proxies for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The most recent kauri chronology contains a large amount of archaeological material, e.g. timber for which the original tree size is often unknown. We analyzed the climate–growth relationship of different-sized kauri in a pristine forest using different temporal scales, i.e. annually, monthly and daily data on tree growth and climate conditions. Trees of different life stages exhibited approximately the same seasonal growth peaks during austral spring (October and November). The dormancy period overlaps with the period where weekly air temperature maxima are below ca. 17–18 °C, and where the corresponding daily minima are below ca. 8 °C. However, both correlation functions between annual growth and seasonal climate as well as Kalman filter regressions between daily growth and climate conditions suggest an influence of tree size on the climate–growth relationship for kauri. Smaller trees (DBH < 40 cm) contain weaker climate signals than larger trees. Therefore, the precautionary stripping of near-pith material (first 20 cm) from kauri chronologies may result in more uniform responses to climate forcing and thus enhance the reliability of long-term climate reconstructions.
North American megadroughts in the Common Era: reconstructions and simulations
Creators: Cook, Benjamin I.
Cook, Edward R.
Smerdon, Jason E.
Seager, Richard
Williams, A. Park
Coats, Sloan John
Stahle, David W.
Villanueva Díaz, José
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Climatic changes--Mathematical models
Climatology
Atmospheric circulation--Mathematical models
Droughts
Paleoclimatology

description: During the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Western North America experienced episodes of intense aridity that persisted for multiple decades or longer. These megadroughts are well documented in many proxy records, but the causal mechanisms are poorly understood. General circulation models (GCMs) simulate megadroughts, but do not reproduce the temporal clustering of events during the MCA, suggesting they are not caused by the time history of volcanic or solar forcing. Instead, GCMs generate megadroughts through (1) internal atmospheric variability, (2) sea-surface temperatures, and (3) land surface and dust aerosol feedbacks. While no hypothesis has been definitively rejected, and no GCM has accurately reproduced all features (e.g., timing, duration, and extent) of any specific megadrought, their persistence suggests a role for processes that impart memory to the climate system (land surface and ocean dynamics). Over the 21st century, GCMs project an increase in the risk of megadrought occurrence through greenhouse gas forced reductions in precipitation and increases in evaporative demand. This drying is robust across models and multiple drought indicators, but major uncertainties still need to be resolved. These include the potential moderation of vegetation evaporative losses at higher atmospheric [CO2], variations in land surface model complexity, and decadal to multidecadal modes of natural climate variability that could delay or advance onset of aridification over the the next several decades. Because future droughts will arise from both natural variability and greenhouse gas forced trends in hydroclimate, improving our understanding of the natural drivers of persistent multidecadal megadroughts should be a major research priority.
Paleoclimate histories improve access and sustainability in index insurance programs
Creators: Bell, Andrew R.
Osgood, Daniel E.
Cook, Benjamin I.
Anchukaitis, Kevin
McCarney, Geoffrey Ross
Greene, Arthur M.
Buckley, Brendan M.
Cook, Edward R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: Proxy-based climate reconstructions can extend instrumental records by hundreds of years, providing a wealth of climate information at high temporal resolution. To date, however, their usefulness for informing climate risk and variability in policy and social applications has been understudied. Here, we apply tree-ring based reconstructions of drought for the last 700 years in a climate index insurance framework to show that additional information from long climate reconstructions significantly improves our understanding of the underlying climate distributions and variability. We further show that this added information can be used to better characterize risk to insurance providers, in many cases providing meaningful reductions in long-term contract costs to farmers in stand-alone policies. The impact of uncertainty on insurance premiums can also be reduced when insurers diversify portfolios, and the availability of long-term climate information from tree rings across a broad geographic range provides an opportunity to characterize spatial correlation in climate risk across geographic regions. Our results are robust to the range of climate variability experienced over the last 400 years and in model simulations of the twenty-first century, even within the context of changing baselines due to low frequency variability and secular climate trends. These results demonstrate the utility of longer-term climate histories in index insurance applications. Furthermore, they make the case from a climate-variability perspective for the continued importance of such approaches to improving the instrumental climate record, even into a non-stationary climate future.
title: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner: August-December 1989
Creators: name: Skinner, Samuel  1938-
name: United States Department of Transportation
Publisher: name: United States Department of Transportation
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02xfw2e90
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1989
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88891
subject: Transportation policy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89768
subject: Transportation planning
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90595
subject: Transportation safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91422
subject: Economic and social factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92116
subject: Federal government
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92130
subject: Transportation departments

description: One zip file containing digitized PDFs. See the Secretary of Transportation Speeches Collection's finding aid at: https://ntl.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/4
description: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner from August 1989 through December 1989.
Epidemiology of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults
Creators: name: Scott, DS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Background Older adult functional declines may be partly attributable to sarcopenia (the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function), and also age-related fat gains. The associations of lifestyle factors with skeletal muscle and body fat changes are unclear. Aim To investigate how measures of ambulatory activity, dietary nutrient intake, vitamin D, chronic disease and medication use, associate with changes in muscle mass, lower-limb function, falls risk and body fat in community-dwelling older adults.
title: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Andrew H. Card, Jr.: July-December 1992
Creators: name: Card, Andrew H.  1947-
name: United States Department of Transportation
Publisher: name: United States Department of Transportation
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02xfw2e90
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1992
Subjects: classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/87904
subject: Transportation
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/88891
subject: Transportation policy
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/89768
subject: Transportation planning
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/90595
subject: Transportation safety
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/91422
subject: Economic and social factors
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92116
subject: Federal government
classificationCode: https://trt.trb.org/term/92130
subject: Transportation departments

description: One zipped folder containing PDFs of digitized speeches. See the Secretary of Transportation Speeches Collection's finding aid at: https://ntl.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/4
description: Speeches by Secretary of Transportation Andrew H. Card, Jr. from July 1992 through December 1992.
Associations between chronic caregiving stress and T cell markers implicated in immunosenescence
Creators: name: Epel, E.S.
name: Dhabhar, F.S.
name: Puterman, E.
name: Prather, A.A.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Portela Parra, E.
name: Coccia, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Chronic psychological stress is associated with accelerated biological aging, immune dysfunction, and premature morbidity and mortality. Changes in the relative proportions of T cell subpopulations are thought to be a characteristic of immunological aging; however, understanding of whether these changes are associated with chronic psychological stress is incomplete. This study investigated associations between chronic caregiving stress and distributions of T cell phenotypes in a sample of high stress mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (caregivers; n = 91) and low stress mothers of neurotypical children (controls; n = 88). Immune markers assessed were naïve (CD45RA + CD62L+), central memory (CD45RA-CD62L+), and effector memory (CD45RA-CD62L-) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We also examined the ratio of effector to naïve (E:N) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In models adjusted for age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, and antidepressant use, caregivers displayed higher percentages of effector memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells as well as lower percentages of naïve CD8+ T cells and central memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells compared to controls. Caregivers also displayed significantly higher E:N ratios for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings were also independent of cytomegalovirus infection status. Furthermore, higher parental stress, across both groups, was related to several immune parameters. These findings provide preliminary evidence that chronic parental caregiving stress is associated with changes in relative proportions of T cell subpopulations that are consistent with accelerated immunological aging.