cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Becoming Tongan : an ethnography of childhood in the Kingdom of Tonga
Creators: name: Kavapalu, Helen
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Socialization
subject: Kinship Tonga
subject: Child development Tonga
subject: Tonga Social life and customs

description: Child socialisation in Tonga is examined in this thesis from the perspective of the hierarchical relations that are a pervasive feature of Tongan social life. Social competence in Tonga is, to a great extent, the ability to behave according to one’s social status in any given context. This thesis discusses the kinds of knowledge that enable children to develop this ability, including the cultural values of ‘love’, respect and obedience, and the concepts and roles associated with kinship and gender. The primary ways in which this knowledge is acquired are also analysed, and include observation and imitation, language socialisation, play, punishment, and the socialisation of emotion. The thesis also explores the notion of personhood in Tonga, particularly in relation to the chief/commoner distinction. In order to contextualise this analysis of socialisation, broader aspects of the ethnography of childhood in Tonga are also addressed. Attitudes to marriage and reproduction, the beliefs and practices associated with pregnancy and birth, and the physical care of infants are discussed. The details of children’s everyday lives are described: their work, play, schooling, health and nutrition. Throughout the thesis the process of social change is considered, and its impact on Tongans’ perceptions of their ‘cultural identity’ is assessed.
DAVLAT FUQAROLIK XIZMATIDA GENDER TENGLIGI
Creators: name: Iskandarova, Manzura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Davlat xizmatida sodir bo'layotgan kadrlar jarayonlari alohida emas va jamiyat hayotidan ajralmagan holda olib boriladi. Ijtimoiy jarayonlarning bir turi bo'lgan kadrlar jarayonlari davlat xizmatidagi kadrlar tarkibidagi ularning ob'ektivligi, takrorlanishi va tartibga solinishini hisobga olgan holda miqdoriy va sifatiy o'zgarishlardir. Davlat xizmatidagi kadrlar jarayonlarini kadrlar salohiyatidan oqilona foydalanish orqali kadrlar siyosatini amalga oshirishda muayyan natijalarga erishishga qaratilgan ketma-ket harakatlar, protseduralar, texnologiyalar, tadbirlar majmui sifatida aniqlash mumkin.
New geometries for high spatial resolution hall probes
Creators: name: Guillou, H.
name: Kent, A. D.
name: Stupian, G. W.
name: Leung, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hall response function of symmetric and asymmetric planar Hall effect devices is investigated by scanning a magnetized tip above a sensor surface while simultaneously recording the topography and the Hall voltage. Hall sensor geometries are tailored using a Focused Ion Beam, in standard symmetric and new asymmetric geometries. With this technique we are able to reduce a single voltage probe to a narrow constriction 20 times smaller than the other device dimensions. We show that the response function is peaked above the constriction, in agreement with numerical simulations. The results suggest a new way to pattern Hall sensors for enhanced spatial resolution.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied Physics
Additional file 6: of Determinants of stunting among children aged 0–59 months in Nepal: findings from Nepal Demographic and health Survey, 2006, 2011, and 2016
Creators: name: Adhikari, Ramesh
name: Shrestha, Manisha
name: Acharya, Ajay
name: Nawaraj Upadhaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S6. Odd ratios of stunting (height for age
Labeling, Cutting, Grouping: an Efficient Text Line Segmentation Method for Medieval Manuscripts
Creators: name: Alberti, Michele
name: Vögtlin, Lars
name: Pondenkandath, Vinaychandran
name: Seuret, Mathias
name: Ingold, Rolf
name: Liwicki, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a new way for text-line extraction by integrating deep-learning based pre-classification and state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Text-line extraction in complex handwritten documents poses a significant challenge, even to the most modern computer vision algorithms. Historical manuscripts are a particularly hard class of documents as they present several forms of noise, such as degradation, bleed-through, interlinear glosses, and elaborated scripts. In this work, we propose a novel method which uses semantic segmentation at pixel level as intermediate task, followed by a text-line extraction step. We measured the performance of our method on a recent dataset of challenging medieval manuscripts and surpassed state-of-the-art results by reducing the error by 80.7%. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on various other datasets written in different scripts. Hence, our contribution is two-fold. First, we demonstrate that semantic pixel segmentation can be used as strong denoising pre-processing step before performing text line extraction. Second, we introduce a novel, simple and robust algorithm that leverages the high-quality semantic segmentation to achieve a text-line extraction performance of 99.42% line IU on a challenging dataset.
Magnetic Field and Curvature Effects on Pair Production II: Vectors and Implications for Chromodynamics
Creators: name: Karabali, D.
name: Kurkcuoglu, S.
name: Nair, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the pair production rates for spin-$1$ or vector particles on spaces of the form $M \times {\mathbb R}^{1,1}$ with $M$ corresponding to ${\mathbb R}^2$ (flat), $S^2$ (positive curvature) and $H^2$ (negative curvature), with and without a background (chromo)magnetic field on $M$. Beyond highlighting the effects of curvature and background magnetic field, this is particularly interesting since vector particles are known to suffer from the Nielsen-Olesen instability, which can dramatically increase pair production rates. The form of this instability for $S^2$ and $H^2$ is obtained. We also give a brief discussion of how our results relate to ideas about confinement in nonabelian theories.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 5: of Determinants of stunting among children aged 0–59 months in Nepal: findings from Nepal Demographic and health Survey, 2006, 2011, and 2016
Creators: name: Adhikari, Ramesh
name: Shrestha, Manisha
name: Acharya, Ajay
name: Nawaraj Upadhaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S5. Odd ratios of stunting (height for age
Influence of misfit strain on the Goos-Hanchen shift upon reflection from a magnetic film on a nonmagnetic substrate
Creators: name: Dadoenkova, Yu. S.
name: Bentivegna, F. F. L.
name: Dadoenkova, N. N.
name: Lyubchanskii, I. L.
name: Lee, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of the misfit strain on the lateral shift (Goos-Hanchen effect) experienced by a near-infrared electromagnetic wave upon reflection from the surface of a bilayer consisting of a magnetic, gyrotropic (i.e., whose permittivity tensor elements depend upon magnetization) yttrium-iron garnet film deposited on a nonmagnetic gadolinium-gallium garnet substrate is investigated theoretically. In the geometry of the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect, it is shown that the mechanical strain near the geometrical film/substrate interface can induce a significant lateral shift of the beam for incidence angles close to normal incidence, where no shift appears in the absence of strain. Our calculations demonstrate positive as well as negative values of the lateral shift, depending on the incident light polarization and on the film thickness. In contrast to that of the misfit strain, the influence of the magnetization of the gyrotropic film on the lateral shift is more noticeable for a TM- than for a TE-polarized wave.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Minimally-Entangled State Preparation of Localized Wavefunctions on Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Klco, Natalie
name: Savage, Martin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Initializing a single site of a lattice scalar field theory into an arbitrary state with support throughout the quantum register requires ${\cal O}(2^{n_Q})$ entangling gates on a quantum computer with $n_Q$ qubits per site. It is conceivable that, instead, initializing to functions that are good approximations to states may have utility in reducing the number of required entangling gates. In the case of a single site of a non-interacting scalar field theory, initializing to a symmetric exponential wavefunction requires $n_Q-1$ entangling gates, compared with the $2^{n_Q-1} + n_Q-3 + δ_{n_Q,1}$ required for a symmetric Gaussian wavefunction. In this work, we explore the initialization of 1-site ($n_Q=4$), 2-site ($n_Q=3$) and 3-site ($n_Q=3$) non-interacting scalar field theories with symmetric exponential wavefunctions using IBM's quantum simulators and quantum devices (Poughkeepsie and Tokyo). With the digitizations attainable with $n_Q = 3,4$, these tensor-product wavefunctions are found to have large overlap with a Gaussian wavefunction, and provide a suitable low-noise initialization for improvement and \emph{Somma Inflation}. In performing these simulations, we have employed a workflow that interleaves calibrations to mitigate systematic errors in production. The calibrations allow tolerance cuts on gate performance including the fidelity of the symmetrizing Hadamard gate, both in vacuum ($|{\bf 0}\rangle^{\otimes n_Q}$) and in medium ($n_Q-1$ qubits initialized to an exponential function). The results obtained in this work are relevant to systems beyond scalar field theories, such as the deuteron radial wavefunction, 2- and 3-dimensional cartesian-space wavefunctions, and non-relativistic multi-nucleon systems built on a localized eigenbasis.
description: 47 pages, 17 figures
Coherence assisted non-Gaussian measurement device independent quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Kumar, Chandan
name: Singh, Jaskaran
name: Bose, Soumyakanti
name: Arvind
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussian operations on two mode squeezed vacuum states (TMSV) in continuous variable measurement device independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) protocols have been shown to effectively increase the total transmission distances drastically. In this paper we show that photon subtraction on a two mode squeezed coherent (PSTMSC) state can further improve the transmission distances remarkably. To that end we also provide a generalized covariance matrix corresponding to PSTMSC, which has not been attempted before. We show that coherence, defined as the amount of displacement of vacuum state, along with non-Gaussianity can help improve the performance of prevalent CV-MDI-QKD protocols. Furthermore, since we use realistic parameters, our technique is experimentally feasible and can be readily implemented
description: 15 pages 11 figures (Minor changes)
Carbon cycling and interior evolution of water-covered plate tectonics and stagnant lid planets
Creators: name: Höning, Dennis
name: Tosi, Nicola
name: Spohn, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: The long-term carbon cycle for planets with a surface entirely covered by oceans works differently from that of the present-day Earth because inefficient erosion leads to a strong dependence of the weathering rate on the rate of volcanism. In this paper, we investigate the long-term carbon cycle for these planets throughout their evolution. Methods: We built box models of the long-term carbon cycle based on CO$_2$ degassing, seafloor-weathering, metamorphic decarbonation, and ingassing and coupled them with thermal evolution models of stagnant lid and plate tectonics planets. Results: The assumed relationship between the seafloor-weathering rate and the atmospheric CO$_2$ or the surface temperature strongly influences the climate evolution for both tectonic regimes. For a plate tectonics planet, the atmospheric CO$_2$ partial pressure is characterised by an equilibrium between ingassing and degassing and depends on the temperature gradient in subduction zones affecting the stability of carbonates. For a stagnant lid planet, partial melting and degassing are always accompanied by decarbonation, such that the combined carbon content of the crust and atmosphere increases with time. Whereas the initial mantle temperature for plate tectonics planets only affects the early evolution, it influences the evolution of the surface temperature of stagnant lid planets for much longer. Conclusions: For both tectonic regimes, mantle cooling results in a decreasing atmospheric CO$_2$ partial pressure. For a plate tectonics planet this is caused by an increasing fraction of subduction zones that avoid crustal decarbonation, and for stagnant lid planets this is caused by an increasing decarbonation depth. This mechanism may partly compensate for the increase of the surface temperature due to increasing solar luminosity with time and hereby contribute to keep planets habitable in the long-term.
Light Element Discontinuities Suggest an Early Termination of Star Formation in the Globular Cluster NGC 6402 (M14)
Creators: name: Johnson, Christian I.
name: Caldwell, Nelson
name: Rich, R. Michael
name: Mateo, Mario
name: Bailey, John I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 6402 is among the most massive globular clusters in the Galaxy, but little is known about its detailed chemical composition. Therefore, we obtained radial velocities and/or chemical abundances of 11 elements for 41 red giant branch cluster members using high resolution spectra obtained with the Magellan-M2FS instrument. We find NGC 6402 to be only moderately metal-poor with $\langle$[Fe/H]$\rangle$ = $-$1.13 dex ($σ$ = 0.05 dex) and to have a mean heliocentric radial velocity of $-$61.1 km s$^{\rm -1}$ ($σ$ = 8.5 km s$^{\rm -1}$). In general, NGC 6402 exhibits mean composition properties that are similar to other inner Galaxy clusters, such as [$α$/Fe] $\sim$ $+$0.3 dex, [Cr,Ni/Fe] $\sim$ 0.0 dex, and $\langle$[La/Eu]$\rangle$ = $-$0.08 dex. Similarly, we find large star-to-star abundance variations for O, Na, Mg, Al, and Si that are indicative of gas that experienced high temperature proton-capture burning. Interestingly, we detect three distinct populations, but also find large gaps in the [O/Fe], [Na/Fe], and [Al/Fe] distributions that may provide the first direct evidence of delayed formation for intermediate composition stars. A qualitative enrichment model is discussed where clusters form stars through an early ($$ 40 Myr), which results in the dilution of processed and pristine gas and the formation of intermediate composition stars. For NGC 6402, the missing intermediate composition stars suggest the delayed phase terminated prematurely, and as a result the cluster may uniquely preserve details of the chemical enrichment process.
description: Accepted for Publication in MNRAS; 25 pages; 15 figures; 4 tables; electronic versions up all tables are available upon request
Spacetime geometry of static fluid spheres
Creators: name: Rahman, Shahinur
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exhibit a simple and explicit formula for the metric of an arbitrary static spherically symmetric perfect fluid spacetime. This class of metrics depends on one freely specifiable monotone non-increasing generating function. We also investigate various regularity conditions, and the constraints they impose. Because we never make any assumptions as to the nature (or even the existence) of an equation of state, this technique is useful in situations where the equation of state is for whatever reason uncertain or unknown. To illustrate the power of the method we exhibit a new form of the ``Goldman--I'' exact solution and calculate its total mass. This is a three-parameter closed-form exact solution given in terms of algebraic combinations of quadratics. It interpolates between (and thereby unifies) at least six other reasonably well-known exact solutions.
description: Plain LaTeX 2e -- V2: now 22 pages; minor presentation changes in the first part of the paper -- no physics modifications; major additions to the examples section: the Gold-I solution is shown to be identical to the G-G solution. The interior Schwarzschild, Stewart, Buch5 XIII, de Sitter, anti-de Sitter, and Einstein solutions are all special cases. V3: Reference, footnotes, and acknowledgments added, typos fixed -- no physics modifications. V4: Technical problems with mass formula fixed -- affects discussion of our examples but not the core of the paper. Version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
title: Game Jam: Serious Games und Gamification
Creators: name: Herrlich, Marc
name: Mazarakis, Athanasios
name: Alexandrovsky, Dmitry
name: Göbel, Stefan
name: Malaka, Rainer
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: game jam
subject: serious games
subject: gamification
subject: entertainment computing

description: Computer- und Videospiele sind ein äußerst vielfältiges Themengebiet, welches insbesondere für den Bereich der Mensch-Computer-Interaktion in den letzten Jahren als Forschungsgebiet zunehmend an Relevanz gewonnen hat. Neben der wissenschaftlichen Theorie ist insbesondere die praktische Erfahrung mit der Konzeption und der technischen Realisierung von Serious Games und Gamification essentiell, um diese Ansätze in der Umsetzung eigener Forschungsideen sinnvoll anzuwenden. Daher plant die Fachgruppe Entertainment Computing im Rahmen eines Workshops auf der Mensch und Computer einen Serious Game Jam zu organisieren. Den Teilnehmenden soll dadurch ermöglicht werden, innerhalb eines Tages beispielhaft eigene Ideen für Serious Games oder Gamification zu konzipieren und in schnelle Mock-Ups und Prototypen umzusetzen.
Sarcosaurus ANDREWS 1921
Creators: name: Ezcurra, Martín D
name: Butler, Richard J
name: Maidment, Susannah C R
name: Sansom, Ivan J
name: Meade, Luke E
name: Radley, Jonathan D
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Saurischia
Ceratosauridae
Sarcosaurus

description: SARCOSAURUS ANDREWS, 1921
 Type species: Sarcosaurus woodi Andrews, 1921.
 Diagnosis: As for type and only valid species.
description: Published as part of Ezcurra, Martín D, Butler, Richard J, Maidment, Susannah C R, Sansom, Ivan J, Meade, Luke E & Radley, Jonathan D, 2021, A revision of the early neotheropod genus Sarcosaurus from the Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) of central England, pp. 113-149 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (1) on page 117, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa054, http://zenodo.org/record/5299817
title: Exploring Stress Creation in VR for Task-Based Training in Nursing
Creators: name: Weiß, Sebastian
name: Heuten, Wilko
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Virtual Environments
subject: Virtual Reality
subject: Stress
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Stress is an influencing factor in safety-critical environments as it has been shown to have adverse affects on both nurses and patients. However, if correctly handled, it can increase efficiency. Virtual reality (VR) has become a wide-spread medium with use cases in many different industries, such as medicine, military, and aviation. The possibility of VR to create an immersive experience in a realistic depiction of the working environments including typical stressors, such as an ICU, makes it a good candidate as a training tool. This work outlines possible technologies and applications to create and measure stress for a wholistic training experience.
title: Macht Teleportieren faul? Strategien zur Steigerung der natürlichen Fortbewegung in VR
Creators: name: Mantei, Timo
name: Langbehn, Eike
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Virtual Reality
subject: Locomotion
subject: Teleportation

description: Teleportation ist eine der beliebtesten Fortbewegungstechniken in Virtual Reality (VR), denn sie ist einfach anzuwenden, effizient und induziert kaum Cyber Sickness. Oft steht VR Benutzerinnen jedoch auch ein kleiner Bereich in der realen Welt zur Verfügung, indem sie sich durch natürliches Gehen in der virtuellen Welt bewegen können. Frühere Forschungsarbeiten haben gezeigt, dass reales Gehen das Präsenzgefühl steigert und die räumliche Orientierung verbessert. Es gibt jedoch Hinweise, dass Benutzerinnen mit der Zeit bequem werden, das natürliche Bewegen einstellen und nur noch Teleportation nutzen. Dadurch wird das Potenzial von VR nicht mehr voll ausgenutzt. In diesem Artikel beschäftigen wir uns mit Strategien, die die Bereitschaft zur natürlichen Fortbewegung steigern und die Nutzung von Teleportation verringern. In einer Benutzerstudie haben wir drei verschiedene Strategien mit der herkömmlichen Teleportation verglichen. Der Effekt der zunehmenden Bequemlichkeit von Teleportationsnutzerinnen konnte bestätigt werden. Außerdem zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass mit den getesteten Strategien signifikant weniger teleportiert und mehr gelaufen wurde.
Weak frames in Hilbert C*-modules with application in Gabor analysis
Creators: name: Bakic, Damir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the first part of the paper we describe the dual \ell^2(A)^{\prime} of the standard Hilbert C*-module \ell^2(A) over an arbitrary (not necessarily unital) C*-algebra A. When A is a von Neumann algebra, this enables us to construct explicitly a self-dual Hilbert A-module \ell^2_{\text{strong}}(A) that is isometrically isomorphic to \ell^2(A)^{\prime}, which contains \ell^2(A), and whose A-valued inner product extends the original inner product on \ell^2(A). This serves as a concrete realization of a general construction for Hilbert C*-modules over von Neumann algebras introduced by W. Paschke. Then we introduce a concept of a weak Bessel sequence and a weak frame in Hilbert C*-modules over von Neumann algebras. The dual \ell^2(A)^{\prime} is recognized as a suitable target space for the analysis operator. We describe fundamental properties of weak frames such as the correspondence with surjective adjointable operators, the canonical dual, the reconstruction formula, etc; first for self-dual modules and then, working in the dual, for general modules. In the last part of the paper we describe a class of Hilbert C*-modules over L^{\infty}(I), where I is a bounded interval on the real line, that appear naturally in connection with Gabor (i.e. Weyl-Heisenberg) systems. We then demonstrate that Gabor Bessel systems and Gabor frames in L^2(\Bbb R) are in a bijective correspondence with weak Bessel systems and weak frames of translates by a in these modules over L^{\infty}[0,1/b], where a,b>0 are the lattice parameters. In this setting some well known results on Gabor systems are discussed and some new are obtained.
title: Supporting Musical Practice Sessions Through HMD-Based Augmented Reality
Creators: name: Marky, Karola
name: Weiß, Andreas
name: Kosch, Thomas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Augmented Reality
subject: Musical Instrument Learning
subject: Head-Mounted Displays
subject: In-Situ Assistance

description: Learning a musical instrument requires a lot of practice, which ideally, should be done every day. During practice sessions, students are on their own in the overwhelming majority of the time, but access to experts that support students "just-in-time" is limited. Therefore, students commonly do not receive any feedback during their practice sessions. Adequate feedback, especially for beginners, is highly important for three particular reasons: (1) preventing the acquirement of wrong motions, (2) avoiding frustration due to a steep learning curve, and (3) potential health problems that arise from straining muscles or joints harmfully. In this paper, we envision the usage of head-mounted displays as assistance modality to support musical instrument learning. We propose a modular concept for several assistance modes to help students during their practice sessions. Finally, we discuss hardware requirements and implementations to realize the proposed concepts.
title: A real-world driving experiment to collect expert knowledge for the design of AR HUD navigation that covers less
Creators: name: Schneider, Matthias
name: Bruder, Anna
name: Necker, Marc
name: Schluesener, Tim
name: Henze, Niels
name: Wolff, Christian
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Augmented reality
subject: head-up displays
subject: field study
subject: contact analogue
subject: navigation
subject: masking

description: Augmented reality head-up displays (AR HUD) can be seen as a promising advancement of conventional head-up displays in vehicles. Information can be displayed in a contact analogue way in the real world by projecting it onto the vehicle’s windshield. Two major challenges for concept developers are to reduce masking caused by augmented reality (AR) content and to create concepts that work with the limited field of view (FOV). To examine these two challenges, we designed two contact analogue navigation concepts. We compared them to each other in a field study with a prototype car that contained a complete AR HUD testing environment. The participants were experts in interaction design, AR, HUDs, design, and sales. The experiment showed that the application of Gestalt Principles for AR HUD concept design to reduce masking can be a promising approach. In addition, suggestions for further improvement of contact analogue navigation concepts were collected.
Identification of Key Companies for International Profit Shifting in the Global Ownership Network
Creators: name: Nakamoto, Tembo
name: Chakraborty, Abhijit
name: Ikeda, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the global economy, the intermediate companies owned by multinational corporations are becoming an important policy issue as they are likely to cause international profit shifting and diversion of foreign direct investments. The purpose of this analysis is to call the intermediate companies with high risk of international profit shifting as key firms and to identifying and clarify them. For this aim, we propose a model that focuses on each affiliate's position on the ownership structure of each multinational corporation. Based on the information contained in the Orbis database, we constructed the Global Ownership Network, reflecting the relationship that can give significant influence to a firm, and analyzed for large multinational corporations listed in Fortune Global 500. In this analysis, first, we confirmed the validity of this model by identifying affiliates playing an important role in international tax avoidance at a certain degree. Secondly, intermediate companies are mainly found in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, etc., and tended to be located in jurisdictions favorable to treaty shopping. And it was found that such key firms are concentrated on the IN component of the bow-tie structure that the giant weakly connected component of the Global Ownership Network consist of. Therefore, it clarifies that the key firms are geographically located in specific jurisdictions, and concentrates on specific components in the Global Ownership Network. The location of key firms are related with the ease of treaty shopping, and there is a difference in the jurisdiction where key firms are located depending on the location of the multinational corporations.
title: Adaptive Dark Mode: Investigating Text and Transparency of Windshield Display Content for Automated Driving
Creators: name: Riegler, Andreas
name: Riener, Andreas
name: Holzmann, Clemens
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: visual aesthetics
subject: dark mode
subject: automated driving
subject: chat application
subject: windshield display
subject: user study

description: Windshield displays are a promising technology for automotive application. In combination with the emergence of highly automated vehicles, chances are that work-related activities will become more popular on the daily commute to and from work. While windshield displays can show content relevant for non-driving related activities, little information is available on how potential users would utilize these displays in terms of text and background color as well as transparency usage. In this paper, we present the results of two user studies (pilot study: N = 10, main study: N = 20) addressing this issue. Findings from quantitative measurements and qualitative pre-/post study surveys and interviews suggest a strong preference for the chat window being located on the driver side presented in dark mode with adaptive background transparency levels based on the luminance of the outside environment.
Circumstellar envelopes of semi-regular long-period variables: mass-loss rate estimates and general model-fitting of the molecular gas
Creators: name: Díaz-Luis, J. J.
name: Alcolea, J.
name: Bujarrabal, V.
name: Santander-García, M.
name: Castro-Carrizo, A.
name: Gómez-Garrido, M.
name: Desmurs, J. -F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to study the main properties of a volume-limited unbiased sample of well-characterized semi-regular variables (SRs) in order to clarify important issues, such as the formation of axially symmetric planetary nebulae (PNe) from spherical circumstellar envelopes (CSEs), which takes place during the mass-loss process along the AGB phase. We present new high-S/N IRAM 30m observations of the 12CO J=2-1, J=1-0, and 13CO J=1-0 lines, in a volume-limited sample of SRs. We analyzed the data by characterizing the main properties of the CSEs. The 12CO J=2-1 data were used to study the profiles, while the 12CO J=1-0 data were used to estimate mass-loss rates for the complete sample. We have classified the sources into four groups according to the different profiles and final gas expansion velocities. Type 1 and 2 profiles are broad and narrow symmetric lines, respectively. Type 3 profiles on the contrary are strange profiles with very pronounced asymmetries. Finally, type 4 profiles are those showing two different components: a narrow line profile superimposed on a broad pedestal component. Interestingly, we report a moderate correlation between mass-loss rates and 12CO J=1-0/J=2-1 line intensity ratios for O-rich SRs, suggesting a different behaviour between C- and O-rich SRs. Using SHAPE+shapemol, we find a unified simple model based on an oblate spheroid placed in different orientations that may explain all the 12CO profiles in the sample, indicating that the gas expansion is in general predominantly equatorial. Moreover, in order to explain the type 4 profiles, we define an extra component which may somehow be a biconical structure or similar. Type 1 and 2 profiles, curiously, may also be explained by standard spherically symmetric envelopes. We conclude that most circumstellar shells around SRs show axial, strongly nonspherical symmetry.
description: 32 pages, 28 figures, and 10 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Askey-Wilson Type Functions, With Bound States
Creators: name: Haine, Luc
name: Iliev, Plamen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D45, 37K10, 14H70, 39A70, 39A13

description: The two linearly independent solutions of the three-term recurrence relation of the associated Askey-Wilson polynomials, found by Ismail and Rahman in [22], are slightly modified so as to make it transparent that these functions satisfy a beautiful symmetry property. It essentially means that the geometric and the spectral parameters are interchangeable in these functions. We call the resulting functions the Askey-Wilson functions. Then, we show that by adding bound states (with arbitrary weights) at specific points outside of the continuous spectrum of some instances of the Askey-Wilson difference operator, we can generate functions that satisfy a doubly infinite three-term recursion relation and are also eigenfunctions of $q$-difference operators of arbitrary orders. Our result provides a discrete analogue of the solutions of the purely differential version of the bispectral problem that were discovered in the pioneering work [8] of Duistermaat and Grünbaum.
description: 42 pages, Section 3 moved to the end, minor corrections
title: User acceptance of augmented reality glasses in comparison to other interaction methods for controlling a hand exoskeleton
Creators: name: Ableitner, Tobias
name: Soekadar, Surjo
name: Schilling, Andreas
name: Strobbe, Christophe
name: Zimmermann, Gottfried
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: augmented reality
subject: assistive technology
subject: input and output methods
subject: hand exoskeleton
subject: user acceptance

description: Every year, several hundred thousand people suffer a stroke often leading to long-term motor disabilities that impair their quality of life. In this context, hemiplegia including paralysis of hand and fingers plays a key role, leaving stroke survivors unable to perform tasks requiring both hands. In case of lesions at the level of the brain stem or the spinal cord, paralysis can also affect both sides resulting in very severe constraints for performing most activities of daily living. A neural-guided hand exoskeleton can restore motor hand function after a stroke or spinal cord injury. However, controlling such hand exoskeleton raises several challenges related to human-machine interaction. While it should be operated without the user's hands and require as little physical and cognitive strain on them as possible, it should be also as inconspicuous as possible to avoid stigmatization of the users. To tackle these challenges, we conducted a survey among 62 healthy test persons to shed more light on the aspects of user acceptance regarding 12 input and 14 output methods, as well as 3 different application contexts. We found that there are differences in user acceptance for the various input and output methods between public contexts on the one hand and home and rehabilitation contexts on the other. In general, inconspicuous, handy and widely used devices are preferred in public. Also, we found that spectacle wearers are slightly more open to using AR glasses than non-spectacle wearers.
Conductance of one-dimensional quantum wires
Creators: name: Imura, K. -I.
name: Pham, K. -V.
name: Lederer, P.
name: Piechon, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the conductance of quantum wires (QW) in terms of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) theory. We use explicitly the charge fractionalization scheme which results from the chiral symmetry of the model. We suggest that results of the standard two-terminal (2T) conductance measurement depend on the coupling of TLL with the reservoirs and can be interpreted as different boundary conditions at the interfaces. We propose a three-terminal (3T) geometry in which the third contact is connected weakly to the bulk of TLL subjected to a large bias current. We develop a renormalization group (RG) analysis for this problem by taking explicitly into account the splitting of the injected electronic charge into two chiral irrational charges. We study in the presence of {\it bulk} contact the leading order corrections to the conductance for two different boundary conditions, which reproduce in the absence of {\it bulk} contact, respectively, the standard 2T source-drain (SD) conductance $G_{\rm SD}^{(2)}=e^2/h$ and $G_{\rm SD}^{(2)}=ge^2/h$, where $g$ is the TLL charge interaction parameter. We find that under these two boundary conditions for the {\it end} contacts the 3T SD conductance $G_{\rm SD}^{(3)}$ shows an UV-relevant deviation from the above two values, suggesting new fixed points in the ohmic limit. Non-trivial scaling exponents are predicted as a result of electron fractionalization.
description: 3 figures
Conditional Teacher-Student Learning
Creators: name: Meng, Zhong
name: Li, Jinyu
name: Zhao, Yong
name: Gong, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The teacher-student (T/S) learning has been shown to be effective for a variety of problems such as domain adaptation and model compression. One shortcoming of the T/S learning is that a teacher model, not always perfect, sporadically produces wrong guidance in form of posterior probabilities that misleads the student model towards a suboptimal performance. To overcome this problem, we propose a conditional T/S learning scheme, in which a "smart" student model selectively chooses to learn from either the teacher model or the ground truth labels conditioned on whether the teacher can correctly predict the ground truth. Unlike a naive linear combination of the two knowledge sources, the conditional learning is exclusively engaged with the teacher model when the teacher model's prediction is correct, and otherwise backs off to the ground truth. Thus, the student model is able to learn effectively from the teacher and even potentially surpass the teacher. We examine the proposed learning scheme on two tasks: domain adaptation on CHiME-3 dataset and speaker adaptation on Microsoft short message dictation dataset. The proposed method achieves 9.8% and 12.8% relative word error rate reductions, respectively, over T/S learning for environment adaptation and speaker-independent model for speaker adaptation.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, ICASSP 2019
Additional file 4: of Determinants of stunting among children aged 0–59 months in Nepal: findings from Nepal Demographic and health Survey, 2006, 2011, and 2016
Creators: name: Adhikari, Ramesh
name: Shrestha, Manisha
name: Acharya, Ajay
name: Nawaraj Upadhaya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S4. Odd ratios of stunting (height for age
Secrecy Outage Analysis Over Fluctuating Two-Ray Fading Channels
Creators: name: Zhao, Hui
name: Yang, Liang
name: Pan, Gaofeng
name: Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this letter, we analyze the secrecy outage probability (SOP) over fluctuating two-ray fading channels but with a different definition from the one adopted in [5]. Following the new defined SOP, we derive an analytical closed-form expression for our proposed SOP, as well as an asymptotic formula valid in the high signal-to-noise ratio region of the source to destination link. In the numerical results section, we perform some Monte-Carlo simulations to validate the accuracy of our derived expressions, and also present the probability gap between our proposed SOP and the SOP in [5].
description: 2 Figures, 2 Pages
Prosymnus Laporte 1836
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Prosymnus

description: Prosymnus Laporte, 1836
 Prosymnus Laporte 1836: 51. Klug 1842: 394; Desmarest 1852: 271; Lacordaire 1857: 486; Lohde 1900: 112; Schenkling 1903: 114, 1910: 136; Winkler 1961: 67.
 Ryparus Spinola 1844: 73. Type species: Ryparus tomentosus Spinola.
 Type Species. Prosymnus cribripennis Laporte, 1836: 52. By monotypy.
 Diagnosis. Beetles of this genus resemble those of the scarab genus Trox. They are deep-bodied beetles whose pronotum and elytral disc are sculptured with large, deep punctation.
 These characteristics will distinguish Prosymnus beetles from others in Korynetinae.
 Description. This genus was recently described and illustrated by Opitz (2011).
 Distribution. Throughout central and southern Africa.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2016, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte, pp. 429-446 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3) on pages 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, http://zenodo.org/record/10107500
Anisotropic two-dimensional screening at the surface of black phosphorus
Creators: name: Kiraly, Brian
name: Knol, Elze J.
name: Volckaert, Klara
name: Biswas, Deepnarayan
name: Rudenko, Alexander N.
name: Prishchenko, Danil A.
name: Mazurenko, Vladimir G.
name: Katsnelson, Mikhail I.
name: Hofmann, Philip
name: Wegner, Daniel
name: Khajetoorians, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Screening in reduced dimensions has strong consequences on the electronic properties in van der Waals semiconductors, impacting the quasiparticle band gap and exciton binding energy. Screening in these materials is typically treated isotropically, yet black phosphorus exhibits in-plane electronic anisotropy seen in its effective mass, carrier mobility, excitonic wavefunctions, and plasmonic dispersion. Here, we use the adsorption of individual potassium atoms on the surface of black phosphorus to vary the near-surface doping over a wide range, while simultaneously probing the dielectric screening via the ordering of the adsorbed atoms. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we visualize the role of strongly anisotropic screening which leads to the formation of potassium chains with a well-defined orientation and spacing. We quantify the mean interaction potential utilizing statistical methods and find that the dimensionality and anisotropy of the screening is consistent with the presence of a band-bending induced confinement potential near the surface. We corroborate the observed behavior with coverage-dependent studies of the electronic structure with angle-resolved photoemission.
Gravitational Waves from Electroweak Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Apreda, Riccardo
name: Maggiore, Michele
name: Nicolis, Alberto
name: Riotto, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves are generated during first-order phase transitions, either by turbolence or by bubble collisions. If the transition takes place at temperatures of the order of the electroweak scale, the frequency of these gravitational waves is today just within the band of the planned space interferometer LISA. We present a detailed analysis of the production of gravitational waves during an electroweak phase transition in different supersymmetric models where, contrary to the case of the Standard Model, the transition can be first order. We find that the stochastic background of gravitational waves generated by bubble nucleation can reach a maximum value h0^2 Omega_{gw} of order 10^{-10} - 10^{-11}, which is within the reach of the planned sensitivity of LISA, while turbolence can even produce signals at the level h0^2 Omega_{gw} \sim 10^{-9}. These values of h0^2 Omega_{gw} are obtained in the regions of the parameter space which can account for the generation of the baryon asymmetry at the electroweak scale.
description: 30 pages, 20 figures
The Effectiveness of PhET Simulation in the Academic Performance and Engagement of.pdf
Creators: name: Cezar, Lloyd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390113
subject: Science, technology and engineering curriculum and pedagogy

description: This study explored the impact of computer simulations on Grade 10 Physics students' performance and engagement in Iligan City, Philippines. Sixty students participated, divided into two groups: one using simulations and one using traditional teaching methods. A researcher-made test and a survey based on the National Survey for Student Engagement (NSSE) assessed their learning. The key findings revealed that students using simulations scored significantly higher on the Physics test. This suggests computer simulations improve academic performance. Moreover, students using simulations reported feeling more engaged with the learning process. This indicates simulations can boost student engagement. Also, student demographics influenced their academic performance, but not their engagement. Overall, this study suggests that computer simulations can be a valuable tool for enhancing both learning outcomes and student motivation in Physics education.
Additional file 1: of Spatial distribution pattern of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of woody flora in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
Creators: name: K. Ganeshaiah
name: M. Sanjappa
name: Raviprasad Rao
name: C. Murugan
name: K. Shivaprakash
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Spatial distribution of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of woody flora in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. (DOC 3921 kb)