cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accountability in an Algorithmic Society: Relationality, Responsibility, and Robustness in Machine Learning
Creators: name: Cooper, A. Feder
name: Moss, Emanuel
name: Laufer, Benjamin
name: Nissenbaum, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 1996, Accountability in a Computerized Society [95] issued a clarion call concerning the erosion of accountability in society due to the ubiquitous delegation of consequential functions to computerized systems. Nissenbaum [95] described four barriers to accountability that computerization presented, which we revisit in relation to the ascendance of data-driven algorithmic systems--i.e., machine learning or artificial intelligence--to uncover new challenges for accountability that these systems present. Nissenbaum's original paper grounded discussion of the barriers in moral philosophy; we bring this analysis together with recent scholarship on relational accountability frameworks and discuss how the barriers present difficulties for instantiating a unified moral, relational framework in practice for data-driven algorithmic systems. We conclude by discussing ways of weakening the barriers in order to do so.
Performance And Energy Balance: A Comprehensive Study Of State-Of-The-Art Sound Event Detection Systems - Poster
Creators: Francesca Ronchini; Romain Serizel
Publisher: name: IEEE Signal Processing Society
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, deep learning systems have shown a concerning trend toward increased complexity and higher energy consumption. As researchers in this domain and organizers of one of the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events challenges task, we recognize the importance of addressing the environmental impact of data-driven SED systems. In this paper, we propose an analysis focused on SED systems based on the challenge submissions. This includes a comparison across the past two years and a detailed analysis of this year’s SED systems. Through this research, we aim to explore how the SED systems are evolving every year in relation to their energy efficiency implications.
Alcoholism treatment digest (Release No. 104, April 15, 1971)
Creators: name: Keller, Mark
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1971

description: The Alcoholism Treatment Digest was a subscription-based publication prepared for special clients by the editorial department of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol / Journal of Studies on Alcohol from 1950 to 1973 with Mark Keller as editor. It was published in February, April, June, October, and December, summarizing scholarly content on four topics, available to republish with attribution. Some of the reviews were simultaneously published in the "Connecticut Review on Alcoholism" under the identical subtitle "Alcoholism Treatment Digest" every other month. The authors of the reviews were first noted in 1964, in the June issue.Contents, Release No. 1041.Combined Treatment of Alcoholics and Drug Addicts2.LSD and Alcoholism3.Difficulties in Disulfiram Therapy4.Fructose in the Treatment of Intoxication and Delirium Tremens
Clean quantum point contacts in an InAs quantum well grown on a lattice-mismatched InP substrate
Creators: name: Hsueh, Connie L.
name: Sriram, Praveen
name: Wang, Tiantian
name: Thomas, Candice
name: Gardner, Geoffrey
name: Kastner, Marc A.
name: Manfra, Michael J.
name: Goldhaber-Gordon, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong spin-orbit coupling, the resulting large $g$ factor, and small effective mass make InAs an attractive material platform for inducing topological superconductivity. The surface Fermi level pinning in the conduction band enables highly transparent ohmic contact without excessive doping. We investigate electrostatically defined quantum point contacts (QPCs) in a deep-well InAs two-dimensional electron gas. Despite the 3.3% lattice mismatch between the InAs quantum well and the InP substrate, we report clean QPCs with up to eight pronounced quantized conductance plateaus at zero magnetic field. Source-drain dc bias spectroscopy reveals a harmonic confinement potential with a nearly $5$ meV subband spacing. We find a many-body exchange interaction enhancement for the out-of-plane $g$ factor $|g_{\perp}^*| = 27 \pm 1$, whereas the in-plane $g$ factor is isotropic $|g^*_{x}| = |g^*_{y}| = 12 \pm 2$, close to the bulk value for InAs.
description: Main text (8 pages, 5 figures), Supplemental Material (10 pages, 10 figures)
ISAJON SULTON VA NORMUROD NORQOBILOV ASARLARINING ABDIIY TAHLILIDA BOSH G'OYA MASALASI
Creators: name: Maxsutbaeva, Nigora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada Isajon Sulton va Normurod Norqobilov asarlarining adabiy-badiiy tahlilda asarlarning bosh g'oyasi masalasida qalamga olingan. Shu bilan birgalikda asarni tahlil etishda Normurod Norqobilov asarlarining modern va milliy ruhda shakllanishiga urgʻu berilgan. Isajon Sulton asarlarida milliy xalqni ruhning shakllanishi shu bilan birgalikda “todd”  hikoyasi “ozod” romani va mana shu kabilarning shakllanish tarixlari inobatga olingan va har ikkala ijodkor asarlari taqqoslangan.
Broadband polarization insensitivity and high detection efficiency in high-fill-factor superconducting microwire single-photon detectors
Creators: name: Reddy, Dileep V.
name: Otrooshi, Negar
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Mirin, Richard P.
name: Verma, Varun B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon detection via absorption in current-biased nanoscale superconducting structures has become a preferred technology in quantum optics and related fields. Single-mode fiber packaged devices have seen new records set in detection efficiency, timing jitter, recovery times, and largest sustainable count rates. The popular approaches to decreasing polarization sensitivity have thus far been limited to introduction of geometrically symmetric nanowire meanders, such as spirals and fractals, in the active area. The constraints on bending radii, and by extension, fill factors, in such designs limits their maximum efficiency. The discovery of single-photon sensitivity in micrometer-scale superconducting wires enables novel meander patterns with no effective upper limit on fill factor. This work demonstrates simultaneous low-polarization sensitivity ($1.02\pm 0.008$) and high detection efficiency ($> 91.8\%$ with $67\%$ confidence at $2\times10^5$ counts per second) across a $40$ nm bandwidth centered at 1550 nm in 0.51 $μ\text{m}$ wide microwire devices made of silicon-rich tungsten silicide, with a $0.91$ fill factor in the active area. These devices boasted efficiencies of $96.5-96.9\% \pm 0.5\%$ at $1\times10^5$ counts per second for 1550 nm light.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures (including supplementary document) Added citations in replacement version
Feature Construction and Selection for PV Solar Power Modeling
Creators: name: Yang, Yu
name: Mao, Jia
name: Nguyen, Richard
name: Tohmeh, Annas
name: Yeh, Hen-Geul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using solar power in the process industry can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and make the production process more sustainable. However, the intermittent nature of solar power renders its usage challenging. Building a model to predict photovoltaic (PV) power generation allows decision-makers to hedge energy shortages and further design proper operations. The solar power output is time-series data dependent on many factors, such as irradiance and weather. A machine learning framework for 1-hour ahead solar power prediction is developed in this paper based on the historical data. Our method extends the input dataset into higher dimensional Chebyshev polynomial space. Then, a feature selection scheme is developed with constrained linear regression to construct the predictor for different weather types. Several tests show that the proposed approach yields lower mean squared error than classical machine learning methods, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT).
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
MPEC 2024-V100 : 2024 VV1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 VV1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Bird Flu- An Emerging Viral Disease and Possible Next Pandemic
Creators: name: Deeksha Maletha1 and Tanaya2
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Avian influenza or the Bird flu is primarily a viral disease of birds with a significant zoonotic potential and possible pandemic spread. The virus raises public health concerns owing to its erratic nature, ability to mutate and crosses the species barrier, thus posing global threat to “One Health”. Historically, the disease has been present since ancient times and has led to the infamous “Spanish Flu”. Member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, the avian influenza viruses are characterized as Highly Pathogenic (HPAI) and Lowly Pathogenic (LPAI); it is these HPAI viruses that are a cause of concern because of the severe nature of the disease and high mortality rate. Infection in humans is mostly acquired through direct contact with infected animals although in rare instances contaminated environment or fomites may also act as source of infection. Clinical disease in human varies from sub-clinical mild disease to serious pulmonary disease accompanied by gastrointestinal and nervous signs. Treatment usually comprises of anti-viral drugs and symptomatic therapy. Vaccination, disease surveillance and biosecurity practices are required for the prevention of the disease, in both animals and humans.
Alcoholism treatment digest (Release No. 105, June 15, 1971)
Creators: name: Keller, Mark
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 1971

description: The Alcoholism Treatment Digest was a subscription-based publication prepared for special clients by the editorial department of the Quarterly Journal of Studies on Alcohol / Journal of Studies on Alcohol from 1950 to 1973 with Mark Keller as editor. It was published in February, April, June, October, and December, summarizing scholarly content on four topics, available to republish with attribution. Some of the reviews were simultaneously published in the "Connecticut Review on Alcoholism" under the identical subtitle "Alcoholism Treatment Digest" every other month. The authors of the reviews were first noted in 1964, in the June issue.Contents, Release No. 1051.New Alcoholism Treatment Methods in The Salvation Army2.Tranquilizers and Antidepressants in Alcoholism Treatment3.Social Class as a Factor in Alcoholism Treatment4.Helping the Family of the Alcoholic5.Telephone Calls in Alcoholism Treatment Follow-up
Beyond objective indicators : the impact of psychological processes on the fertility preferences of young adults
Creators: name: Winwood, Elly
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2024

description: This research investigated the complex relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and fertility preferences. For the first time, our investigation considered both tangible and subjective SES indicators, concurrently, aiming to unravel the importance of economic, social, and psychological factors that link SES to child-rearing outcomes. Using a cross-sectional design, a cohort of 300 young adults aged 18-28 residing in the United Kingdom were recruited. Contrary to previous research, the findings indicated a statistically significant positive relationship between objective SES and fertility intentions and ideal family size and a significant negative relationship for the ideal child-rearing age. Intriguingly, no statistically significant relationships existed between perceived SES and fertility intentions, ideal family size, or ideal child-rearing age. In a novel exploration, a sequential pathway in which social class identity (SCI) was associated with fertility intentions emerged through a desire for identity continuation. Accordingly, fertility decision-making processes for young adults are multifaceted, involving not just practical and tangible considerations like income but psychological processes related to identity. Overall, this study offers implications for fertility and family planning policy, laying the groundwork for future fertility-based studies to look beyond surface-level indicators and explore the subtleties of identity and individual experiences.
Investigation of the effectiveness of methane drainage in a multi-seam coal mine with the use of long-reach directional drilling – a case study from USCB, Poland
Creators: name: Szott, Wiesław
name: Słota-Valim, Małgorzata
name: Łętkowski, Piotr
name: Ruciński, Piotr
name: Miłek, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This research was funded by the European Union, Research Fund for Coal and Steel under the project DD-MET “Advanced methane drainage strategy-technology employing underground directional drilling technology for major risk prevention and greenhouse gases emission mitigation” (Grant Agreement No. 847338-DD-MET-RFCS-2018) and by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (Contract No. 5038/FBWiS/2019/2 and 5073/FBWiS/19/2020/2).

Multi-seam coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland faces significant methane hazards, posing threats to operational safety and human well-being. Mitigating these hazards incurs substantial costs, primarily due to methane drainage efforts. However, recent advancements in technology, such as long-reach directional drilling boreholes, offer promise in efficiently extracting methane while enhancing safety. In this study results of numerical modeling combining geomechanics and fluid flow simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, significantly reducing methane content in both ventilation systems and coal seams.
Supplementary document for Ultra-High-Sensitive Biosensor Based on SrTiO₃ and Two-dimensional Materials: Ellipsometric concepts - 5893612.pdf
Creators: name: najafi, Mohammad javad Haji
name: Saadatmand, Bita
name: Hamidi, Seyyedeh Mehri
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary information
MPEC 2025-F02 : 2025 EL4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 EL4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Investigation of the effectiveness of methane drainage in a multi-seam coal mine with the use of long-reach directional drilling – a case study from USCB, Poland
Creators: name: Szott, Wiesław
name: Słota-Valim, Małgorzata
name: Łętkowski, Piotr
name: Ruciński, Piotr
name: Miłek, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Multi-seam coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland faces significant methane hazards, posing threats to operational safety and human well-being. Mitigating these hazards incurs substantial costs, primarily due to methane drainage efforts. However, recent advancements in technology, such as long-reach directional drilling boreholes, offer promise in efficiently extracting methane while enhancing safety. In this study results of numerical modeling combining geomechanics and fluid flow simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, significantly reducing methane content in both ventilation systems and coal seams.
Dissipative Tunneling Rates through the Incorporation of First-Principles Electronic Friction in Instanton Rate Theory I: Theory
Creators: name: Litman, Y.
name: Pós, E. S.
name: Box, C. L.
name: Martinazzo, R.
name: Maurer, R. J.
name: Rossi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reactions involving adsorbates on metallic surfaces and impurities in bulk metals are ubiquitous in a wide range of technological applications. The theoretical modelling of such reactions presents a formidable challenge for theory because nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) can play a prominent role and the coupling of the atomic motion with the electrons in the metal gives rise to important non-adiabatic effects (NAEs) that alter atomic dynamics. In this work, we derive a theoretical framework that captures both NQEs and NAEs and, due to its high efficiency, can be applied to first-principles calculations of reaction rates in high-dimensional realistic systems. In more detail, we develop a method that we coin ring polymer instanton with explicit friction (RPI-EF), starting from the ring-polymer instanton formalism applied to a system-bath model. We derive general equations that incorporate the spatial and frequency dependence of the friction tensor, and then combine this method with the \textit{ab initio} electronic friction formalism for the calculation of thermal reaction rates. We show that the connection between RPI-EF and the form of the electronic friction tensor presented in this work does not require any further approximations, and it is expected to be valid as long as the approximations of both underlying theories remain valid.
Japan’s Security Strategies Towards China in the Scope of Defense White Papers, 1972-2014
Creators: name: Cheng, Ying
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2025
Subjects: Japan-China relations
Security policies
White papers

description: This project explored Japan’s changing security attitudes from 1972 to 2014 under the scope of its official defense white papers, using a method of sentiment analysis. Consistent with previous studies, Japan was highly cooperative with China during the period from 1972 to 1992, a period rightfully characterized as the “Golden Age.” Starting from 1993, faced with a rising China, Japan maintained an overall neutral posture on the official and legal level towards China, but subtle attitudinal changes could be seen. While Japan had praised China for its cooperative efforts to denuclearize the Korean peninsula and active involvement in UN peacekeeping, it also pointed to China’s covert purposes for engaging in such activities and repeatedly raised concerns about a perceived violation of state sovereignty by China on the “Senkaku Islands,” as well as over Beijing’s human rights issues and lack of transparency in military spending. The current project shows that Japan has continued to adopt non-confrontation, non-provocative language even when describing its disputes with China.
Dissipative Tunneling Rates through the Incorporation of First-Principles Electronic Friction in Instanton Rate Theory II: Benchmarks and Applications
Creators: name: Litman, Y.
name: Pós, E. S.
name: Box, C. L.
name: Martinazzo, R.
name: Maurer, R. J.
name: Rossi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In part I, we presented the ring-polymer instanton with explicit friction (RPI-EF) method and showed how it can be connected to the \textit{ab initio} electronic friction formalism. This framework allows the calculation of tunneling reaction rates that incorporate the quantum nature of the nuclei and certain types of non-adiabatic effects (NAEs) present in metals. In this second part, we analyze the performance of RPI-EF on model potentials and apply it to realistic systems. For a 1D double-well model, we benchmark the method against numerically exact results obtained from multi-layer multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree calculations. We demonstrate that RPI-EF is accurate for medium and high friction strengths and less accurate for extremely low friction values. We also show quantitatively how the inclusion of NAEs lowers the cross-over temperature into the deep tunneling regime, reduces the tunneling rates, and in certain regimes, steers the quantum dynamics by modifying the tunneling pathways. As a showcase of the efficiency of this method, we present a study of hydrogen and deuterium hopping between neighboring interstitial sites in selected bulk metals. The results show that multidimensional vibrational coupling and nuclear quantum effects have a larger impact than NAEs on the tunneling rates of diffusion in metals. Together with part I, these results advance the calculations of dissipative tunneling rates from first principles.
Machine learning models and facial regions videos for estimating heart rate: a review on Patents, Datasets and Literature
Creators: name: Pagano, Tiago Palma
name: Ortega, Lucas Lemos
name: Santos, Victor Rocha
name: Bonfim, Yasmin da Silva
name: Paranhos, José Vinícius Dantas
name: Sá, Paulo Henrique Miranda
name: Nascimento, Lian Filipe Santana
name: Winkler, Ingrid
name: Nascimento, Erick Giovani Sperandio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Estimating heart rate is important for monitoring users in various situations. Estimates based on facial videos are increasingly being researched because it makes it possible to monitor cardiac information in a non-invasive way and because the devices are simpler, requiring only cameras that capture the user's face. From these videos of the user's face, machine learning is able to estimate heart rate. This study investigates the benefits and challenges of using machine learning models to estimate heart rate from facial videos, through patents, datasets, and articles review. We searched Derwent Innovation, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Web of Science knowledge bases and identified 7 patent filings, 11 datasets, and 20 articles on heart rate, photoplethysmography, or electrocardiogram data. In terms of patents, we note the advantages of inventions related to heart rate estimation, as described by the authors. In terms of datasets, we discovered that most of them are for academic purposes and with different signs and annotations that allow coverage for subjects other than heartbeat estimation. In terms of articles, we discovered techniques, such as extracting regions of interest for heart rate reading and using Video Magnification for small motion extraction, and models such as EVM-CNN and VGG-16, that extract the observed individual's heart rate, the best regions of interest for signal extraction and ways to process them.
Supplementary document for Ultra-High-Sensitive Biosensor Based on SrTiO₃ and Two-dimensional Materials: Ellipsometric concepts - 5893612.pdf
Creators: name: najafi, Mohammad javad Haji
name: Saadatmand, Bita
name: Hamidi, Seyyedeh Mehri
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplementary information
Quantum regression in dephasing phenomena
Creators: name: Lonigro, Davide
name: Chruściński, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the validity of quantum regression for a family of quantum Hamiltonians on a multipartite system leading to phase-damping reduced dynamics. After finding necessary and sufficient conditions for the CP-divisibility of the corresponding channel, we evaluate a hierarchy of equations equivalent to the validity of quantum regression under arbitrary interventions; in particular, we find necessary conditions for a nontrivial dephasing to be compatible with quantum regression. In this framework, we study a class of dephasing-type generalized spin-boson (GSB) models, investigating the existence of qubit-environment coupling functions that ensure the exact validity of quantum regression.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
The characteristics of e-scooter accidents reported by police in Türkiye
Creators: name: Öztürk, Ebru Arikan
name: Karaçor, Fatih
name: Bayirtepe, Hikmet
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Shared e-scooter service has been offered by various operators in Türkiye since 2019. The use of private and shared e-scooters is increasing, especially in large cities. This raises social concerns about the dangers e-scooters pose regarding traffic safety and injuries requiring medical attention. This study aims to investigate the accidents related to e-scooters in Türkiye to determine the contributing factors and accident characteristics. In this study, accident reports (collision reports) for 780 e-scooter collisions that occurred in 2021 in Türkiye were examined, and 771 accidents were included. Accident data were obtained from the Traffic Department of the Ministry of Interior, General Directorate of Security. Descriptive statistics of the factors affecting e-scooter accidents are presented to determine the relationship and differences; chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression methods were used. Male e-scooter riders are involved in crashes and injured approximately 4 times more often than female riders. The average age for men injured in e-scooter accidents is 30.4, and the mean age for women is 27.2. For both males and females, most injuries occurred in the 15 to 20 age group. Riders under the age of 18 constitute a significant proportion of the accidents (32.5%). Most e-scooter accidents occur on Mondays and during the month of August. Most accidents occurred between 12:00 p.m. and 1:59 p.m. (15.7%) and between 4:00 p.m. and 5:59 p.m. (15.7%), mainly during the daytime. About half of the accidents occurred at intersections. In 10.5% of accidents, the accident occurred at a pedestrian crossing. Approximately one-fifth of the accidents involved falls, and the most common type of collision was a side collision (44.2%). The binary logistic regression model showed that multivehicle accidents occur more often at intersections and during busy traffic hours. Single-vehicle accidents are more common on concrete roads and stone block roads. Deaths and injuries caused by road traffic accidents are a public health problem in Türkiye and constitute a significant health burden. If necessary precautions are not taken, this burden is likely to increase. We hope that the findings from this study will help reduce e-scooter accidents in Türkiye.
Jet Launching from Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Incorporating Neutrino Transport and Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Sun, Lunan
name: Ruiz, Milton
name: Shapiro, Stuart L.
name: Tsokaros, Antonios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform general relativistic, magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of merging binary neutron stars incorporating neutrino transport and magnetic fields. Our new radiative transport module for neutrinos adopts a general relativistic, truncated-moment (M1) formalism. The binaries consist of two identical, irrotational stars modeled by the SLy nuclear equation of state (EOS). They are initially in quasicircular orbit and threaded with a poloidal magnetic field that extends from the stellar interior into the exterior, as in typical pulsars. We insert neutrino processes shortly after the merger and focus on the role of neutrinos in launching a jet following the collapse of the hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) remnant to a spinning black hole (BH). We treat two microphysical versions: one (a "warm-up") evolving a single neutrino species and considering only charged-current processes, and the other evolving three species $(ν_e, \barν_e, ν_{\rm x})$ and related processes. We trace the evolution until the system reaches a quasiequilibrium state after BH formation. We find that the BH + disk remnant eventually launches an incipient jet. The electromagnetic Poynting luminosity is $\sim 10^{53} \rm \, erg\, s^{-1}$, consistent with that of typical short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs). The effect of neutrino cooling shortens the lifetime of the HMNS, and lowers the amplitude of the major peak of the gravitational wave (GW) power spectrum somewhat. After BH formation, neutrinos help clear out the matter near the BH poles, resulting in lower baryon-loaded surrounding debris. The neutrino luminosity resides in the range $\sim 10^{52-53} \rm \,erg\,s^{-1}$ once quasiequilibrium is achieved. Comparing with the neutrino-free models, we observe that the inclusion of neutrinos yields similar ejecta masses and is inefficient in carrying off additional angular momentum.
description: 32 page, 16 figures
Creating a virtual research assistant to survey the skies
Creators: name: Stevance, Heloise
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This presentation was delivered for the New Scientist "Instant Expert: Cosmology at the Cutting Edge" event on March 15th 2025. 

 

 

"Over the last decade, humanity has developed an unprecedented capability to monitor the night sky and track its changing features. In this talk, Heloise Stevance from the University of Oxford will discuss the creation of a virtual research assistant designed to manage the overwhelming influx of data from transient astronomical events. This AI-driven tool automates data processing, filters out noise, and prioritises significant events, enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of astronomical research. She will highlight case studies and explore future advancements in AI and machine learning for astronomy."
Modifying the Dyson Series for Unstable Particles and Resonances
Creators: name: Matak, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we introduce a modification of the Dyson series based on the perturbative unitarity as a starting point. The presented approach systematically avoids singularities and double-counting related to the presence of unstable particles as intermediate states and, at the same time, it does not rely on a specific choice of the renormalization scheme.
First quantization of braided Majorana fermions
Creators: name: Toppan, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A ${\mathbb Z}_2$-graded qubit represents an even (bosonic) "vacuum state" and an odd, excited, Majorana fermion state. The multiparticle sectors of $N$, braided, indistinguishable Majorana fermions are constructed via first quantization. The framework is that of a graded Hopf algebra endowed with a braided tensor product. The Hopf algebra is ${U}({\mathfrak {gl}}(1|1))$, the Universal Enveloping Algebra of the ${\mathfrak{gl}}(1|1)$ superalgebra. A $4\times 4$ braiding matrix $B_t$ defines the braided tensor product. $B_t$, which is related to the $R$-matrix of the Alexander-Conway polynomial, depends on the braiding parameter $t$ belonging to the punctured plane ($t\in {\mathbb C}^\ast$); the ordinary antisymmetry property of fermions is recovered for $t=1$. For each $N$, the graded dimension $m|n$ of the graded multiparticle Hilbert space is computed. Besides the generic case, truncations occur when $t$ coincides with certain roots of unity which appear as solutions of an ordered set of polynomial equations. The roots of unity are organized into levels which specify the maximal number of allowed braided Majorana fermions in a multiparticle sector. By taking into account that the even/odd sectors in a ${\mathbb Z}_2$-graded Hilbert space are superselected, a nontrivial braiding with $t\neq 1$ is essential to produce a nontrivial Hilbert space described by qubits, qutrits, etc., since at $t=1$ the $N$-particle vacuum and the antisymmetrized excited state encode the same information carried by a classical $1$-bit.
description: 15 pages; final version in Nucl. Phys. B; a typo in the bibliography corrected
On realizing differential-algebraic equations by rational dynamical systems
Creators: name: Pavlov, Dmitrii
name: Pogudin, Gleb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Real-world phenomena can often be conveniently described by dynamical systems (that is, ODE systems in the state-space form). However, if one observes the state of the system only partially, the observed quantities (outputs) and the inputs of the system can typically be related by more complicated differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Therefore, a natural question (referred to as the realizability problem) is: given a differential-algebraic equation (say, fitted from data), does it come from a partially observed dynamical system? A special case in which the functions involved in the dynamical system are rational is of particular interest. For a single differential-algebraic equation in a single output variable, Forsman has shown that it is realizable by a rational dynamical system if and only if the corresponding hypersurface is unirational, and he turned this into an algorithm in the first-order case. In this paper, we study a more general case of single-input-single-output equations. We show that if a realization by a rational dynamical system exists, the system can be taken to have the dimension equal to the order of the DAE. We provide a complete algorithm for first-order DAEs. We also show that the same approach can be used for higher-order DAEs using several examples from the literature.
UNCOVERING HIDDEN FINANCIAL RISKS: THE TACTICS COMPANIES USE TO MANIPULATE REPORTING AND APPEAR MORE PROFITABLE THAN THEY REALLY ARE
Creators: name: Mbonigaba, Celestin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: This study explores the financial manipulation tactics employed by companies between 2010 and 2014, aimed at presenting an inflated financial position to investors. The importance of the research is highlighted by the significant global losses due to financial misreporting, including notable scandals in both developed and emerging markets. The study investigates the prevalence of earnings management, fraudulent financial reporting, and creative accounting practices, assessing their impact on corporate valuations and stock market volatility. A secondary data approach was adopted, analyzing historical financial reports, regulatory filings, and forensic case studies. The study applied statistical methods such as regression analysis and chi-square tests to evaluate the correlation between financial misreporting and stock price fluctuations, revealing a positive correlation (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). The findings indicate that financial misreporting has a direct and significant impact on stock price volatility, with companies that engage in earnings manipulation experiencing temporary gains followed by market corrections. This underscores the need for stronger regulatory oversight, stricter auditing standards, and enhanced corporate governance to mitigate financial fraud. The study recommends the adoption of AI-driven forensic accounting tools, real-time financial monitoring, and independent audits to improve transparency. Key findings include the strong correlation between financial misreporting and market fluctuations, as well as the statistical significance of reported vs. adjusted earnings. Recommendations include stricter penalties for financial misreporting and enhanced regulatory frameworks.
Project Impact Report (DyMoN Project)
Creators: name: Munkhammer, Joakim
name: Luger-Bazinger, Claudia
name: Leistner, David
name: Loidl, Martin
name: Baliuk, Svitlana
name: Gatscha, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: sustainable mobility
urban mobility
mobility behaviour
behavioural insights
behaviour change
project impact
impact report
scientific impact
digital nudging

description: This deliverable presents the impact of the DyMoN project, categorized into scientific, societal and environment impact as well as economic impact. Each impact area is further separated into impact that could be achieved during the project duration as well as impact that goes beyond the project time. The DyMoN project has delivered work on development, implementation and simulation of digital, data-driven nudges in real life settings. Within this research project, the consortium has achieved not only scientific, but also societal environmental and economic impact that goes beyond the project duration. This project has delivered work on development, implementation and simulation of digital, data-driven nudges in real life settings. It has broadened the scientific field by providing new approaches to mobility behaviour change and the design of nudges and behavioural interventions in the mobility field, and has disseminated the results to cities, municipalities and local communities, supporting the modal shift towards more sustainable mobility in its environmental impact. It also opened the door to economic studies of nudging that could be tested in real life settings. In the long run, the project has impact on the design and evaluation of sustainable mobility nudges so that there can be potential wide-spread use of this in cities that is followed by a better quality of life within urban areas.
In-built network-wide road safety assessment methodologies for rural roads
Creators: name: González-Hernández, Brayan
name: Ngwah, Elvis Chia
name: Usami, Davide Shingo
name: Persia, Luca
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Road traffic crashes are mainly caused by three concurrent factors: infrastructure, vehicle, and human factors. Regarding infrastructure, in recent decades, a series of management tools and procedures called Road Infrastructure Safety Management (RISM) have been proposed. The aim of RISM procedures is to support road authorities in the prevention and mitigation of future road traffic crashes. One of these procedures is the In-built Road Safety Assessment (IRSA) methodology. The peculiarity of an IRSA methodology is the underpinning method used to assign a score to a road section with the aim of identifying those road sections in a network with safety-related infrastructure deficiencies. The objective of this paper is to provide an overall literature review of existing methodologies used worldwide for network-wide road safety assessment for rural road. The review was conducted following the guidelines provided by Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist 2020. The characteristics of these methodologies were compared with respect to the following research questions: What are the general characteristics of IRSA methodologies? What risk method/index is applied? Which data collection method/technique is used? What types of road parameters are considered for the assessment? What is the level of expertise needed to implement the methodology? Where and how are the results validated? As a result, 14 IRSA methodologies were identified. Also, the review showed that similar road parameters were used including: operating speed, road surface, low curve radius, poor sight distance (horizontal and vertical curves), lane width, undivided road (median type), shoulder width, sight obstructions (landscape, obstacles and vegetation), absence of traffic signs and road markings, traffic flow (AADT), intersection quality and density of intersections/lateral accesses. Despite these similarities, some differences were observed in risk formulation, safety quantities of parameters, level of expertise required, and validation of studies. Researchers may use these findings to develop future road safety assessment methodologies, while road practitioners can make use of this in identifying suitable network-wide assessment methods for safety assessments of road infrastructures. Finally, a series of recommendations for future research work on IRSA methodologies is suggested.
Asymptotic normality in linear regression with approximately sparse structure
Creators: name: Jokubaitis, Saulius
name: Leipus, Remigijus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 62E20, 62J99

description: In this paper we study the asymptotic normality in high-dimensional linear regression. We focus on the case where the covariance matrix of the regression variables has a KMS structure, in asymptotic settings where the number of predictors, $p$, is proportional to the number of observations, $n$. The main result of the paper is the derivation of the exact asymptotic distribution for the suitably centered and normalized squared norm of the product between predictor matrix, $\mathbb{X}$, and outcome variable, $Y$, i.e. the statistic $\|\mathbb{X}'Y\|_{2}^{2}$. Additionally, we consider a specific case of approximate sparsity of the model parameter vector $β$ and perform a Monte-Carlo simulation study. The simulation results suggest that the statistic approaches the limiting distribution fairly quickly even under high variable multi-correlation and relatively small number of observations, suggesting possible applications to the construction of statistical testing procedures for the real-world data and related problems.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures
Magnetic-field and pressure phase diagram of the triangular lattice antiferromagnet CsCuCl$_3$ clarified by magnetic susceptibility measured with a proximity detector oscillator
Creators: name: Nihongi, K.
name: Kida, T.
name: Narumi, Y.
name: Zaccaro, J.
name: Kousaka, Y.
name: Inoue, K.
name: Kindo, K.
name: Uwatoko, Y.
name: Hagiwara, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of pressure ($P$) on magnetic susceptibility of CsCuCl$_3$ was examined in magnetic fields ($\rm μ_0$$H$) of up to 51 T using a proximity detector oscillator (PDO), and the $H$-$P$ phase diagram of CsCuCl$_3$ was constructed over the saturation field ($H_{\rm sat}$). We found that, with increasing $P$, $H_{\rm sat}$ increases and the uud-phase that appeared at $P$ = 0.7 GPa widened. Based on comparison between the experimental and calculated $H$-$P$ phase diagrams, the Y-phase was predicted to appear above 1.7 GPa. The interchain antiferromagnetic exchange interaction in the $ab$-plane was evaluated and found to increase with increasing $P$, which is consistent with a previous study under high pressure [D. Yamamoto {\it et al.}, Nat. Commun. {\bf 12}, 4263 (2021).]. Moreover, an anomaly was observed below $P$ = 0.6 GPa just below $H_{\rm sat}$ and might be a new phase transition derived from nonlinear response caused by the PDO technique.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Boundary conditions for stationary black holes ; Application to Kerr, Martinez-Troncoso-Zanelli and hairy black holes
Creators: name: Grandclément, Philippe
name: Nicoules, Jordan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work proposes a set of equations that can be used to numerically compute spacetimes containing a stationary black hole. The formalism is based on the 3+1 decomposition of General Relativity with maximal slicing and spatial harmonic gauge. The presence of the black hole is enforced using the notion of apparent horizon in equilibrium. This setting leads to the main result of this paper: a set of boundary conditions describing the horizon and that must be used when solving the 3+1 equations. Those conditions lead to a choice of coordinates that is regular even on the horizon itself. The whole procedure is validated with three different examples chosen to illustrate the great versatility of the method. First, the single rotating black holes are recovered up to very high values of the Kerr parameter. Second, non-rotating black holes coupled to a real scalar field, in the presence of a negative cosmological constant (the so-called MTZ black holes), are obtained. Last, black holes with complex scalar hairs are computed. Eventually, prospects for future work, in particular in contexts where stationarity is only approximate, are discussed.