cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Irrigation externalities: pricing and charges
Creators: name: Dwyer, Gavan
name: Douglas, Robert A.
name: Peterson, Deborah C.
name: Chong, Joanne
name: Maddern, Kate
name: Dwyer, Gavan
name: Douglas, Robert A.
name: Peterson, Deborah C.
name: Chong, Joanne
name: Maddern, Kate
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Irrigation externalities: pricing and charges by Gavan Dwyer, Robert Douglas, Deb Peterson, Jo Chong and Kate Maddern was released on 14 March 2006. The paper discusses the nature and causes of environmental change related to rural water use, and provides a taxonomy of the many diverse types. It also examines the issues surrounding possible charges on water use for water related externalities. There have been few attempts by water utilities to incorporate externalities into full cost pricing of irrigation water. The aim of this Staff Working Paper was to: examine the extent to which charges imposed by irrigation water utilities could address externalities from irrigation water supply and use; and to develop a framework to identify and characterise changes in environmental conditions from the supply and use of irrigation water that may lead to environmental externalities. The authors found that many factors influence the extent to which charging for water would change water use. These include the volume of water available to irrigators, the extent to which trade can occur, the size of the charge or tax, the price responsiveness for irrigation water and the existing mechanisms to address externalities. A tax on water use may increase economic efficiency where external costs are related only to the level of water use. However, such a tax is an unsuitable instrument if the Government's policy objective is to reduce environmental damage to a predetermined level or to raise a target level of revenue to address the externalities. The views expressed in this paper are those of the staff involved and do not necessarily reflect those of the Productivity Commission.
Responsiveness of Demand for Irrigation Water: A Focus on the Southern Murray-Darling Basin
Creators: name: Appels, David
name: Douglas, Robert A.
name: Dwyer, Gavan
name: Appels, David
name: Douglas, Robert A.
name: Dwyer, Gavan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Productivity Commission staff working paper, 'Responsiveness of Demand for Irrigation Water: A Focus on the Southern Murray-Darling Basin', was released August 2004. This paper explores the determinants of the elasticity of demand for irrigation water. It focuses on three main irrigated industries - rice, dairy and horticulture - to gain a greater understanding of the value that farmers place on water as an input. This paper provides detail relating to farm decision behaviour and biophysical production realities faced by irrigators in the southern Murray-Darling Basin. The views expressed in this paper are those of the staff involved and do not necessarily reflect those of the Productivity Commission.
Modelling Water Trade in the Southern Murray-Darling Basin
Creators: name: Peterson, Deborah C.
name: Dwyer, Gavan
name: Appels, David
name: Fry, Jane
name: Peterson, Deborah C.
name: Dwyer, Gavan
name: Appels, David
name: Fry, Jane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This Productivity Commission staff working paper, 'Modelling Water Trade in the Southern Murray-Darling Basin', was released in November 2004. It examines the likely economic impacts of expanding water trade in the southern Murray-Darling Basin. The paper uses TERM-Water, a bottoms-up regional CGE model of the Australian economy, to examine the regional effects of expanding trade of irrigation water in the southern Murray-Darling Basin. The study finds that water trading dampens the impact of water allocation cuts on gross regional product (GRP). The benefits of introducing trading within irrigation districts are greater than the further benefits of expanding trade to between these regions. Permitting trade of seasonal allocations allows irrigators to reallocate water in reaction to climatic conditions and water availability - and it is this flexibility that enables GRP reductions to be minimised. The views expressed in this paper are those of the staff involved and do not necessarily reflect the those of the Productivity Commission.
ON- AND OFF-FARM LABOR DECISIONS BY SLASH-AND-BURN FARMERS IN YUCATAN (MEXICO)
Creators: name: Pascual, Unai
name: Barbier, Edward B.
name: Pascual, Unai
name: Barbier, Edward B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Deforestation
subject: shifting cultivation
subject: livelihood diversification
subject: off-farm labor supply
subject: Mexico

description: The availability of basic assets influences peasants- economic behavior, their livelihood diversification strategies and their responses to land degradation. In addition, when pressed by economic hardships households can also expected to work more than better off ones. Whether this implies more or less on- or off-farm labor supply is an empirical question. This in turn can have an asymmetric effect on poverty traps and the extent of forest clearing under slash-and-burn farming. This paper examines the determinants of labor allocation among forest based shifting cultivating households in two communities from Yucatan (Mexico). The effects of wage rates and structural socio-economic factors are tested for both farming household heads and other family members and their implications discussed. While the former seems to be bound by structural factors, the latter are very sensitive to labor market signals and show a negative elasticity to off-farm labor supply. This calls for providing specialized training and education programs to increase human and social capital for household heads in order to reduce pressure on forest land and to assist households to avoid poverty traps arising from the predicted falling wage rates due to post-NAFTA liberalization of rural labor markets.
Table of colony compositions and tables of statistical results from Who goes there? Social surveillance as a response to intergroup conflict in a primitive termite
Creators: name: Thompson, Faye J.
name: Hunt, Kingsley L.
name: Kallum Wright
name: Rosengaus, Rebeca B.
name: Cole, Erin L.
name: Birch, Graham
name: Maune, Avery L.
name: Cant, Michael A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Intergroup conflict has been suggested as a major force shaping the evolution of social behaviour in animal groups. A long-standing hypothesis is that groups at risk of attack by rivals should become more socially cohesive, to increase resilience or protect against future attack. However, it is usually unclear how cohesive behaviours (such as grooming or social contacts) function in intergroup conflict. We performed an experiment in which we exposed young colonies of the dampwood termite, Zootermopsis angusticollis, to a rival colony while preventing physical combat with a permeable barrier. We measured social contacts, allogrooming and trophallaxis before, during and after exposure. Termites showed elevated rates of social contacts during exposure to a rival compared to the pre-exposure phase, but rates returned to pre-exposure levels after colonies were separated for 9 days. There was evidence of a delayed effect of conflict on worker trophallaxis. We suggest that social contacts during intergroup conflict function as a form of social surveillance, to check individual identity and assess colony resource holding potential. Intergroup conflict may increase social cohesion in both the short and the long term, improving the effectiveness of groups in competition.
Tube Stochastic Optimal Control for Nonlinear Constrained Trajectory Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Ozaki, Naoya
name: Campagnola, Stefano
name: Funase, Ryu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent low-thrust space missions have highlighted the importance of designing trajectories that are robust against uncertainties. In its complete form, this process is formulated as a nonlinear constrained stochastic optimal control problem. This problem is among the most complex in control theory, and no practically applicable method to low-thrust trajectory optimization problems has been proposed to date. This paper presents a new algorithm to solve stochastic optimal control problems with nonlinear systems and constraints. The proposed algorithm uses the unscented transform to convert a stochastic optimal control problem into a deterministic problem, which is then solved by trajectory optimization methods such as differential dynamic programming. Two numerical examples, one of which applies the proposed method to low-thrust trajectory design, illustrate that it automatically introduces margins that improve robustness. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate the robustness and optimality of the solution.
ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): I. Detection of New Hot Corinos with ACA
Creators: name: Hsu, Shih-Ying
name: Liu, Sheng-Yuan
name: Liu, Tie
name: Sahu, Dipen
name: Hirano, Naomi
name: Lee, Chin-Fei
name: Tatematsu, Kenichi
name: Kim, Gwanjeong
name: Juvela, Mika
name: Sanhueza, Patricio
name: He, Jinhua
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Qin, Sheng-Li
name: Bronfman, Leonardo J.
name: Chen, Huei-Ru
name: Dutta, Somnath
name: Eden, David
name: Jhan, Kai-Syun
name: Kim, Kee-Tae
name: Kuan, Yi-Jehng
name: Kwon, Woojin
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Moraghan, Anthony
name: Rawlings, Mark
name: Shang, Hsien
name: Soam, Archana
name: Thompson, Mark
name: Traficante, Alessio
name: Wu, Yuefang
name: Yang, Yao-Lun
name: Zhang, Qizhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of four new hot corino sources, G211.47-19.27S, G208.68-19.20N1, G210.49-19.79W and G192.12-11.10 from a survey study of Planck Galactic Cold Clumps in the Orion Molecular Cloud Complex with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA). Three sources had been identified as low mass Class 0 protostars in the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS). One source in the lambda Orionis region is firstly reported as a protostellar core. We have observed abundant complex organic molecules (COMs), primarily methanol but also other oxygen-bearing COMs (in G211.47-19.27S and G208.68-19.20N1) and the molecule of prebiotic interest NH2CHO (in G211.47-19.27S), signifying the presence of hot corinos. While our spatial resolution is not sufficient for resolving most of the molecular emission structure, the large linewidth and high rotational temperature of COMs suggest that they likely reside in the hotter and innermost region immediately surrounding the protostar. In G211.47-19.27S, the D/H ratio of methanol ([CH2DOH]/[CH3OH]) and the 12C/13C ratio of methanol ([CH3OH]/[13CH3OH]) are comparable to those of other hot corinos. Hydrocarbons and long carbon-chain molecules such as c-C3H2 and HCCCN are also detected in the four sources, likely tracing the outer and cooler molecular envelopes.
description: 37 pages, 51 figures, to be published in ApJ
Pentaquark Decay in QCD Sum Rules
Creators: name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Nielsen, M.
name: da Silva, R. Rodrigues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a diquark-diquark-antiquark picture of the pentaquark we study the decay $Θ\to K^{+} n$ within the framework of QCD sum rules. After evaluation of the relevant three-point function, we extract the coupling $g_{ΘnK}$ which is directly related to the pentaquark width. Restricting the decay diagrams to those with color exchange between the meson-like and baryon-like clusters reduces the coupling constant by a factor of four. Whereas a small decay width might be possible for a positive parity pentaquark, it seems difficult to explain the measured width for a pentaquark with negative parity.
description: 14pages, 5 eps figures. Contribution to the proceedings of LC2005
Almost central involutions in split extensions of Coxeter groups by graph automorphisms
Creators: name: Nuida, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F55; 20E34

description: In this paper, given a split extension of an arbitrary Coxeter group by automorphisms of the Coxeter graph, we determine the involutions in that extension whose centralizer has finite index. Our result has applications to many problems such as the isomorphism problem of general Coxeter groups. In the argument, some properties of certain special elements and of the fixed-point subgroups by graph automorphisms in Coxeter groups, which are of independent interest, are also given.
description: 32 pages
The law with two faces
Creators: name: Yang, Bonny F.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis brings forward a phenomenon and one question. The phenomenon is that, in China, laws are widely put aside. China has laws and terms used in these laws are quite familiar to western legal circles. The problem is that people do not give credit to the laws. Why do people in China not abide by the law? The answer is provided through the analysis of the above phenomenon. I argue against two theories that analyze the phenomenon: 'local resources' theory and 'language vagueness' theory. The answer to the question does not lie on the fact that the language used in laws is somewhat vague, or on the proposal to establish a legal institution that is functionally compatible with traditional dispute resolution style that is acceptable to the public. Although the two theories are both important to change this phenomenon, the crux does not rely on either of them. China has a long and almost uninterrupted history. This history has been heavily influenced by Confucianism that advocates public inequality. In the age of Confucius, the custom emerged that people did not respect the law. Instead, they respected the personal will of power wielders. Being obedient to the power was what Confucianism advocated. History continues. The motto still guides the administration in contemporary China. Imperial Chinese governments educated people and made Confucianism infiltrate into every corner of the society and people's minds. As an educational means employed by imperial Chinese government, foot binding disciplined people's bodies so as to control people's souls. People gradually became self-controlled slaves. The key to change this situation relies on education. Education, a strong tool to mould people's spirit, has not been given enough importance by the contemporary Chinese government. Jurisprudence, the science to establish people's belief in justice, has been neglected. In China, the influence of legal theory on legal practice is mainly confined to commentary and argumentation. China's problem is that most people deeply believe that administrative power is superior to anything else. To change this belief, it is essential to establish power balance theory in China. Only when there are other powers examining the legality of executive powers, can liberties prescribed in the Constitution and laws be realized.
The ionized warped disk and disk wind of the massive protostar Monoceros R2-IRS2 seen with ALMA
Creators: name: Jimenez-Serra, Izaskun
name: Baez-Rubio, Alejandro
name: Martin-Pintado, Jesus
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Rivilla, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories of massive star formation predict that massive protostars accrete gas through circumstellar disks. Although several cases have been found already thanks to high-angular resolution interferometry, it remains unknown the internal physical structure of these disks and, in particular, whether they present warps or internal holes as observed in low-mass proto-planetary disks. Here, we report very high angular resolution observations of the H21alpha radio recombination line carried out in Band 9 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (beam of 80 mas x 60 mas, or 70 au x 50 au) toward the IRS2 massive young stellar object in the Monoceros R2 star-forming cluster. The H21alpha line shows maser amplification, which allows us to study the kinematics and physical structure of the ionised gas around the massive protostar down to spatial scales of ~1-2 au. Our ALMA images and 3D radiative transfer modelling reveal that the ionized gas around IRS2 is distributed in a Keplerian circumstellar disk and an expanding wind. The H21alpha emission centroids at velocities between -10 and 20 km s-1 deviate from the disk plane, suggesting a warping for the disk. This could be explained by the presence of a secondary object (a stellar companion or a massive planet) within the system. The ionized wind seems to be launched from the disk surface at distances ~11 au from the central star, consistent with magnetically-regulated disk wind models. This suggests a similar wind launching mechanism to that recently found for evolved massive stars such as MWC349A and MWC922.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
A Definitive Measurement of Time Dilation in the Spectral Evolution of the Moderate-Redshift Type Ia Supernova 1997ex
Creators: name: Foley, R. J.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Leonard, D. C.
name: Riess, A. G.
name: Nugent, P.
name: Perlmutter, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained high-quality Keck optical spectra at three epochs of the Type Ia supernova 1997ex, whose redshift z is 0.361. The elapsed calendar time between the first two spectra was 24.88 d, and that between the first and third spectra was 30.95 d. In an expanding universe where 1 + z represents the factor by which space has expanded between the emission and detection of light, the amount of aging in the supernova rest frame should be a factor of 1 / (1 + z) smaller than the observed-frame aging; thus, we expect SN 1997ex to have aged 18.28 d and 22.74 d between the first epoch and the second and third epochs, respectively. The quantitative method for determining the spectral-feature age of a SN Ia, developed by Riess et al. (1997), reveals that the corresponding elapsed times in the supernova rest frame were 16.97 +/- 2.75 d and 18.01 +/- 3.14 d, respectively. This result is inconsistent with no time dilation with a significance level of 99.0%, providing evidence against "tired light" and other hypotheses in which no time dilation is expected. Moreover, the observed timescale of spectral evolution is inconsistent with that expected in the "variable mass theory." The result is within ~1 sigma of the aging expected from a universe in which redshift is produced by cosmic expansion.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
A Framework for Pre-processing of Social Media Feeds based on Integrated Local Knowledge Base
Creators: name: Kolajo, Taiwo
name: Daramola, Olawande
name: Adebiyi, Ayodele
name: Aaditeshwar, Seth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most of the previous studies on the semantic analysis of social media feeds have not considered the issue of ambiguity that is associated with slangs, abbreviations, and acronyms that are embedded in social media posts. These noisy terms have implicit meanings and form part of the rich semantic context that must be analysed to gain complete insights from social media feeds. This paper proposes an improved framework for pre-processing of social media feeds for better performance. To do this, the use of an integrated knowledge base (ikb) which comprises a local knowledge source (Naijalingo), urban dictionary and internet slang was combined with the adapted Lesk algorithm to facilitate semantic analysis of social media feeds. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach performed better than existing methods when it was tested on three machine learning models, which are support vector machines, multilayer perceptron, and convolutional neural networks. The framework had an accuracy of 94.07% on a standardized dataset, and 99.78% on localised dataset when used to extract sentiments from tweets. The improved performance on the localised dataset reveals the advantage of integrating the use of local knowledge sources into the process of analysing social media feeds particularly in interpreting slangs/acronyms/abbreviations that have contextually rooted meanings.
description: 38 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables
Oxadiazoles for Covid-19?
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covid-19
Oxadiazoles
Raltegravir
Celebrex
COX-2 inhibition
Oxolamine
Sars-cov-2
N-acetyl neuraminic acid
SARS-COV-2 spikes
Sialic acids

description: Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds, having different isomeric forms. They appear in a variety of pharmaceutical drugs. Among the drugs based on the 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring, we find for instance an antiviral such as Raltegravir, which is used to treat HIV/AIDS. Here we will discuss Raltegravir and in-silico simulations concerning SARS-COV-2. Besides the compounds based on 1,3,4 rings, there exist those with 1,2,4-oxadiazole rings which are reported as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. One of these drugs is Oxolamine. Of this drug we will stress the fact that it is an inhibitor of the formation of N-acetylneuraminic acid, a sialic acid. This could be an interesting fact, since the spike-protein from SARS-COV-2 is shown to bind sialic acids. We will discuss also some news oxadiazole compounds, which are given as selective COX-2 inhibitors, antioxidant agents and inhibitors of viral proteins. Therefore, can these drugs have a possible role in the treatment of Covid-19? Or, why can't they be used for?
description: Let us stress that the main target of SARS-COV-2 is considered the ACE2 receptor. Then, is the sialic acid supporting the virus to enter the cell? A study, 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00855, that used a glyco-nanoparticle platform, reported the discovery that N-acetyl neuraminic acid has affinity toward the SARS-COV-2 spike glycoprotein, that is a glycan-binding function. However, a recent study, 10.1016/j.scib.2021.01.010, which has investigated the binding of the spikes of the virus by means of micro-arrays, tells that no binding with sialic acid residues was detected. --- see PLEASE the new version.
Pressure induced superconductivity in a CeRhSi$_{3}$ single crystal -- the high pressure study
Creators: name: Staško, Daniel
name: Valenta, Jaroslav
name: Kratochvílová, Marie
name: Prchal, Jiří
name: Proschek, Petr
name: Klicpera, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pressure induced superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric CeRhSi$_{3}$ and CeIrSi$_{3}$ compounds has attracted significant attention of the scientific community since its discovery 15 years ago. Up-to-date, all reported experimental results were obtained employing the hybrid-cylinder piston pressure cells with a maximum reachable pressure of 3 GPa. Present study focuses on the superconducting state at higher, so far unreported, pressures using the Bridgman anvil cell and a CeRhSi$_{3}$ single crystal synthesized by the Sn-true-flux method. The initial increase of superconducting critical temperature from 0.4 K at 1.1 GPa to 1.1 K at 2.4 GPa is followed by a gradual suppression of SC state upon increasing the pressure above 3.0 GPa, forming a typical dome. The pressure induced superconductivity is expected to be completely suppressed in the pressure region between 4.5 and 5.0 GPa. Temperature dependence of electrical resistivity in constant magnetic fields and high pressures, as well as the magnetoresistance measurements, reveal a large critical field, exceeding 19 T at 0.6 K and 2.4 GPa, sharply decreasing receding the superconductivity dome. The previously reported $\it{T-p}$ and $\it{H-T}$ phase diagrams are completed by our high-pressure data and discussed in the frame of previous results.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
DETERMINANTS OF TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY IN AGRICULTURE AND CATTLE RANCHING: A SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Creators: name: Igliori, Danilo Camargo
name: Igliori, Danilo Camargo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: stochastic frontier
subject: technical efficiency
subject: spatial analysis
subject: Brazilian Amazon

description: The determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture and cattle ranching are closely related with the debate involving the conservation-development trade-off in the Brazilian Amazon. Concerned with balancing development and environmental conservation, policy makers and academics have emphasized the importance of choosing ways of selecting areas where land use restrictions would be established. In order to understand the relationship between spatial patterns of deforestation and the associated distribution and characteristics of economic activity, issues regarding technical efficiency are clearly important. This paper aims to identify the socio-economic and environmental determinants of technical efficiency in agriculture and cattle ranching in the Brazilian Amazon emphasizing their relationship with spatial processes of deforestation and development. The study is structured in two parts. The first part is concerned with measuring technical efficiency for agriculture and cattle ranching in each geographical unit focusing on the production relationship between inputs and outputs. The second one focuses on the variation in the efficiency measure explained by exogenous factors and includes the spatial analysis. We adopt the model proposed by Battese and Coelli (1995) where the production function and the exogenous effects influencing technical efficiency are estimated simultaneously.
BIODISCOVERY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: A DYNAMIC APPROACH TO ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
Creators: name: Dedeurwaerdere, Tom
name: Krishna, Vijesh V.
name: Pascual, Unai
name: Dedeurwaerdere, Tom
name: Krishna, Vijesh V.
name: Pascual, Unai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bioprospection
subject: genetic resources
subject: traditional knowledge
subject: Kani model
subject: benefit sharing

description: This paper examines the use the use of economic incentives for knowledge generation through biodiscovery, in the particular case of the use of a highly valuable biogenetic resource stock from the South for industrial/research input. The focus is on a dynamic approach to contracting and property rights building upon insights from institutional and ecological economics. Two important conclusions come out of this analysis. First, it highlights the necessity to go beyond standard market approaches to economic valuation in order to address the issues of future possibilities of use and innovation and the integration of the different stages in the process of value creation. Second, it shows the necessity of developing alternatives to the current intellectual property rights regime, including systems for appropriate protection of the traditional knowledge of local communities.
BUREAUCRATIC CORRUPTION AND MASS MEDIA
Creators: name: Suphachalasai, Suphachol
name: Suphachalasai, Suphachol
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Corruption
subject: Bureaucracy
subject: Mass Media

description: This paper investigates the relationship between a bureaucracy and mass media industry, and its implications to corruption. We develop a bureaucratic model of corruption with mass media. A representative profit maximizing media firm seeks for corruption news to be printed and sold. Channels through which competition in media industry and press freedom affect equilibrium corruption in a bureaucracy are modeled. Different degrees of media freedom and competition affect production and employment decisions of media firms, and this in turn affects the effectiveness of media in monitoring corruption. Competition and freedom in media sector also have an influence on bureaucratic structure and consequently on equilibrium corruption. We find that the degree of competition in media market plays a significant role in controlling corruption. Freedom of media also reduces corruption. Empirical results support these findings. Media competition appears to be a more important tool to combat corruption than press freedom. The corruption problem in Italy could be reduced to the level experienced by France if the competitiveness of its media industry was to be improved to the same level as that of United Kingdom.
Influence of experimental noise on densities reconstructed from line projections
Creators: name: Samsel-Czekala, M.
name: Boguszewicz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of experimental noise on densities rho(p) reconstructed by the Cormack method from their line projections, e.g. 2D ACAR spectra, is investigated. Simulations of statistical noise are performed for various sets of 2D spectra for two model rho(p) having the cubic symmetry. For the reconstructed densities propagation of the statistical error in terms of standard deviations, sigma[rho(p)], is estimated. We observe that the distribution of sigma[rho(p)] has its extremes along the main symmetry directions and also a tendency to accumulate for small p. Moreover, the more density components, rho_n(p), have to be taken to description of rho(p) the less anisotropic is the distribution of sigma[rho(p)]. Additionally, the error generated by the reconstruction method itself is discussed.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Boosted Dark Matter Interpretation of the XENON1T Excess
Creators: name: Fornal, Bartosz
name: Sandick, Pearl
name: Shu, Jing
name: Su, Meng
name: Zhao, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose boosted dark matter (BDM) as a possible explanation for the excess of keV electron recoil events observed by XENON1T. BDM particles have velocities much larger than those typical of virialized dark matter, and, as such, BDM-electron scattering can naturally produce keV electron recoils. We show that the required BDM-electron scattering cross sections can be easily realized in a simple model with a heavy vector mediator. Though these cross sections are too large for BDM to escape from the Sun, the BDM flux can originate from the Galactic Center or from halo dark matter annihilations. Furthermore, a daily modulation of the BDM signal will be present, which could not only be used to differentiate it from various backgrounds, but would also provide important directional information for the BDM flux.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; v2: Extended discussion of the predicted daily modulation of the signal
Ochterus papaceki Kment & Carapezza & Jindra 2020, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Kment, Petr
name: Carapezza, Attilio
name: Jindra, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Ochteridae
Ochterus
Ochterus papaceki

description: Ochterus papaceki Kment & Carapezza sp. nov.
 Ochterus papaceki Kment & Carapezza, sp. nov. (original description, illustrations). HOLOTYPE:, Yemen: Socotra Island: ‘ Noged plain, lower part of Wadi Matyaf, 12°27ʹ13.50ʺN 54°18ʹ13.95ʺE’ (NMPC).
  Distribution. Afrotropical Region:  Tanzania; Yemen: Socotra (this paper).
description: Published as part of Kment, Petr, Carapezza, Attilio & Jindra, Zdeněk, 2020, Taxonomic catalogue of the family Ochteridae with description of Ochterus papaceki sp. nov. from Socotra Island and Tanzania (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), pp. 23-64 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.003, http://zenodo.org/record/3879659
Deux auteurs melchites inconnus du X siècle
Creators: name: Naṣrallāh, Yūsuf
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 63 (1979): Oriens christianus, Band 63
The effect of structural and magnetic disorder on the 3$d$-5$d$ exchange interactions of La$_{2-x}$Ca$_{x}$CoIrO$_{6}$
Creators: name: Bufaiçal, L.
name: Sadrollahi, E.
name: Litterst, F. J.
name: Rigitano, D.
name: Granado, E.
name: Coutrim, L. T.
name: Araújo, E. B.
name: Fontes, M. B.
name: Baggio-Saitovitch, E.
name: Bittar, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The delicate balance between spin-orbit coupling, Coulomb repulsion and crystalline electric field interactions observed in Ir-based oxides is usually manifested as exotic magnetic behavior. Here we investigate the evolution of the exchange coupling between Co and Ir for partial La substitution by Ca in La$_{2}$CoIrO$_6$. A great advantage of the use of Ca$^{2+}$ as replacement for La$^{3+}$ is the similarity of its ionic radii. Thus, the observed magnetic changes can more easily be associated to electronic variations. A thorough investigation of the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of the La$_{2-x}$Ca$_{x}$CoIrO$_6$ system was carried out by means of synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction, muon spin rotation and relaxation ($μ$SR), AC and DC magnetization, XAS, XMCD, Raman spectroscopy, electrical resistivity and dielectric permittivity. Our XAS results show that up to 25% of Ca substitution at the La site results in the emergence of Co$^{3+}$, possibly in high spin state, while the introduction of larger amount of Ca leads to the increase of Ir valence. The competing magnetic interactions resulting from the mixed valences lead to a coexistence of a magnetically ordered and an emerging spin glass (SG) state for the doped samples. Our $μ$SR results indicate that for La$_{2}$CoIrO$_6$ a nearly constant fraction of a paramagnetic (PM) phase persists down to low temperature, possibly related to the presence of a small amount of Ir$^{3+}$ and to the anti-site disorder at Co/Ir sites. For the doped compounds the PM phase freezes below 30 K, but there is still some dynamics associated with the SG. The dielectric data obtained for the parent compound and the one with 25% of Ca-doping indicate a possible magnetodielectric effect, which is discussed in terms of the electron hopping between the TM ions, the anti-site disorder and the distorted crystalline structure.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Transport and magnetic properties of GdBaCo_{2}O_{5+x} single crystals: A cobalt oxide with square-lattice CoO_2 planes over a wide range of electron and hole doping
Creators: name: Taskin, A. A.
name: Lavrov, A. N.
name: Ando, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystals of the layered perovskite GdBaCo_{2}O_{5+x} (GBCO) have been grown by the floating-zone method, and their transport, magnetic, and structural properties have been studied in detail over a wide range of oxygen contents. The obtained data are used to establish a rich phase diagram centered at the "parent'' compound GdBaCo_{2}O_{5.5} -- an insulator with Co ions in the 3+ state. An attractive feature of GBCO is that it allows a precise and continuous doping of CoO_{2} planes with either electrons or holes, spanning a wide range from the charge-ordered insulator at 50% electron doping (x=0) to the undoped band insulator (x=0.5), and further towards the heavily hole-doped metallic state. This continuous doping is clearly manifested in the behavior of thermoelectric power which exhibits a spectacular divergence with approaching x=0.5, where it reaches large absolute values and abruptly changes its sign. At low temperatures, the homogeneous distribution of doped carriers in GBCO becomes unstable, and both the magnetic and transport properties point to an intriguing nanoscopic phase separation. We also find that throughout the composition range the magnetic behavior in GBCO is governed by a delicate balance between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) interactions, which can be easily affected by temperature, doping, or magnetic field, bringing about FM-AF transitions and a giant magnetoresistance (MR) phenomenon. An exceptionally strong uniaxial anisotropy of the Co spins, which dramatically simplifies the possible spin arrangements, together with the possibility of continuous ambipolar doping turn GBCO into a model system for studying the competing magnetic interactions, nanoscopic phase separation and accompanying magnetoresistance phenomena.
description: 31 pages, 32 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Steady States of a Nonequilibrium Lattice Gas
Creators: name: Lyman, Edward
name: Schmittmann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Monte Carlo study of a lattice gas driven out of equilibrium by a local hopping bias. Sites can be empty or occupied by one of two types of particles, which are distinguished by their response to the hopping bias. All particles interact via excluded volume and a nearest-neighbor attractive force. The main result is a phase diagram with three phases: a homogeneous phase, and two distinct ordered phases. Continuous boundaries separate the homogeneous phase from the ordered phases, and a first-order line separates the two ordered phases. The three lines merge in a nonequilibrium bicritical point.
description: 14 pages, 24 figures
The general pattern of Kac Moody extensions in supergravity and the issue of cosmic billiards
Creators: name: Fre', Pietro
name: Gargiulo, Floriana
name: Rulik, Ksenya
name: Trigiante, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the systematics of the affine extension of supergravity duality algebras when we step down from D=4 to D=2. For all D=4 supergravities (with N >= 3) there is a universal field theoretical mechanism promoting the extension, which relies on the coexistence of two non locally related lagrangian descriptions. This provides a Chevalley-Serre presentation of the affine Kac Moody algebra which follows a universal pattern for all supergravities and is an extension of the mechanism considered by Nicolai for pure N=1 supergravity. There are new distinctive features in extended theories related to the presence of vector fields and to their symplectic description. The novelty is that in supergravity the so named Matzner-Missner description is structurally different from the Ehlers one with gauge 0--forms subject to SO(2n,2n) electric--magnetic duality rotations representing in D=2 the Sp(2n,R) rotations of D=4. The role played by the symplectic bundle of vectors is emphasized in view of implementing the affine extension also in N=2 supergravity, where the scalar manifold is not necessarily a homogeneous manifold U/H. We show that the mechanism of the affine extension commutes with the Tits Satake projection of the duality algebras. This is very important for the issue of cosmic billiards. We also comment on the general field theoretical mechanism of the further hyperbolic extension obtained in D=1. The possible uses of our results and their relation to outstanding problems are pointed out.
description: 46 pages, paper. Few misprints corrected
Adoption of Agricultural Production Practices: Lessons Learned from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Area Studies Project
Creators: name: Caswell, Margriet
name: Fuglie, Keith O.
name: Ingram, Cassandra
name: Jans, Sharon
name: Kascak, Catherine
name: Caswell, Margriet
name: Fuglie, Keith O.
name: Ingram, Cassandra
name: Jans, Sharon
name: Kascak, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: technology adoption
subject: conservation

description: The U.S. Department of Agriculture Area Studies Project was designed to characterize the extent of adoption of nutrient, pest, soil, and water management practices and to assess the factors that affect adoption for a wide range of management strategies across different natural resource regions. The project entailed the administration of a detailed field-level survey to farmers in 12 watersheds in the Nation to gather data on agricultural practices, input use, and natural resource characteristics associated with farming activities. The data were analyzed by the Economic Research Service using a consistent methodological approach with the full set of data to study the constraints associated with the adoption of micronutrients, N-testing, split nitrogen applications, green manure, biological pest controls, pest-resistant varieties, crop rotations, pheromones, scouting, conservation tillage, contour farming, strip cropping, grassed waterways, and irrigation. In addition to the combined-areas analyses, selected areas were chosen for analysis to illustrate the difference in results between aggregate and area-specific models. The unique sample design for the survey was used to explore the importance of field-level natural resource data for evaluating adoption at both the aggregate and watershed levels. Further analyses of the data illustrated how the adoption of specific management practices affects chemical use and crop yields.
Apparatus for high resolution microwave spectroscopy in strong magnetic fields
Creators: name: Huttema, W. A.
name: Morgan, B.
name: Turner, P. J.
name: Hardy, W. N.
name: Zhou, Xiaoqing
name: Bonn, D. A.
name: Liang, Ruixing
name: Broun, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a low temperature, high-resolution microwave surface impedance probe that is able to operate in high static magnetic fields. Surface impedance is measured by cavity perturbation of dielectric resonators, with sufficient sensitivity to resolve the microwave absorption of sub-mm-sized superconducting samples. The resonators are constructed from high permittivity single-crystal rutile (TiO2) and have quality factors in excess of 10^6. Resonators with such high performance have traditionally required the use of superconducting materials, making them incompatible with large magnetic fields and subject to problems associated with aging and power-dependent response. Rutile resonators avoid these problems while retaining comparable sensitivity to surface impedance. Our cylindrical rutile resonators have a hollow bore and are excited in TE_01(n-d) modes, providing homogeneous microwave fields at the center of the resonator where the sample is positioned. Using a sapphire hot-finger technique, measurements can be made at sample temperatures in the range 1.1 K to 200 K, while the probe itself remains immersed in a liquid helium bath at 4.2 K. The novel apparatus described in this article is an extremely robust and versatile system for microwave spectroscopy, integrating several important features into a single system. These include: operation at high magnetic fields; multiple measurement frequencies between 2.64 GHz and 14.0 GHz in a single resonator; excellent frequency stability, with typical drifts < 1 Hz per hour; the ability to withdraw the sample from the resonator for background calibration; and a small pot of liquid helium separate from the external bath that provides a sample base temperature of 1.1 K.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Insights on pion production mechanism and symmetry energy at high density
Creators: name: Liu, Yangyang
name: Wang, Yongjia
name: Cui, Ying
name: Xia, Chen-Jun
name: Li, Zhuxia
name: Chen, Yongjing
name: Li, Qingfeng
name: Zhang, Yingxun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $NΔ\to NN$ cross sections, which take into account the $Δ$-mass dependence of M-matrix and momentum $p_{NΔ}$, are applied on the calculation of pion production within the framework of the UrQMD model. Our study shows that UrQMD calculations with the $Δ$-mass dependent $NΔ\to NN$ cross sections enhance the pion multiplicities and decrease the $π^-/π^+$ ratios. By analyzing the time evolution of the pion production rate and the density in the overlapped region for Au+Au at the beam energy of 0.4A GeV, we find that the pion multiplicity probes the symmetry energy in the region of 1-2 times normal density. The process of pion production in the reaction is tracked including the loops of $NN\leftrightarrow NΔ$ and $Δ\leftrightarrow Nπ$, our calculations show that the sensitivity of $π^-/π^+$ to symmetry energy is weakened after 4-5 N-$Δ$-$π$ loops in the pion production path, while the $π^{-}/π^{+}$ ratio in reactions at near threshold energies remains its sensitivity to the symmetry energy. By comparing the calculations to the FOPI data, we obtain a model dependent conclusion on the symmetry energy and the symmetry energy at two times normal density is $S(2ρ_0)$=38-73 MeV within $1σ$ uncertainties. Under the constraints of tidal deformability and maximum mass of neutron star, the symmetry energy at two times normal density is reduced to $48-58$ MeV and slope of symmetry energy $L=54-81$ MeV, and it is consistent with the constraints from ASY-EOS flow data.
description: 11 pages, 9 fiigures