cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Schrödinger Equation Driven by the Square of a Gaussian Field: Instanton Analysis in the Large Amplification Limit
Creators: name: Mounaix, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the tail of $p(U)$, the probability distribution of $U=\vertψ(0,L)\vert^2$, for $\ln U\gg 1$, $ψ(x,z)$ being the solution to $\partial_zψ-\frac{i}{2m}\nabla_{\perp}^2 ψ=g\vert S\vert^2\, ψ$, where $S(x,z)$ is a complex Gaussian random field, $z$ and $x$ respectively are the axial and transverse coordinates, with $0\le z\le L$, and both $m\ne 0$ and $g>0$ are real parameters. We perform the first instanton analysis of the corresponding Martin-Siggia-Rose action, from which it is found that the realizations of $S$ concentrate onto long filamentary instantons, as $\ln U\to +\infty$. The tail of $p(U)$ is deduced from the statistics of the instantons. The value of $g$ above which $\langle U\rangle$ diverges coincides with the one obtained by the completely different approach developed in Mounaix et al. 2006 {\it Commun. Math. Phys.} {\bf 264}~741. Numerical simulations clearly show a statistical bias of $S$ towards the instanton for the largest sampled values of $\ln U$. The high maxima -- or `hot spots' -- of $\vert S(x,z)\vert^2$ for the biased realizations of $S$ tend to cluster in the instanton region.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures, submitted to J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
Luciferase expressing preclinical model systems representing the different molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Rotermund, Arne
name: Staege, Martin Sebastian
name: Brandt, Sarah
name: Lützkendorf, Jana
name: Lucas, Henrike
name: Mueller, Lutz P.
name: Mueller, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: olorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease. More insight into the biological diversity of CRC is needed to improve therapeutic outcomes. Established CRC cell lines are frequently used and were shown to be representative models of the main subtypes of CRC at the genomic and transcriptomic level. In the present work, we established stable, luciferase expressing derivatives from 10 well-established CRC cell lines, generated spheroids and subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice, and performed comparative characterization of these model systems. Transcriptomic analyses revealed the close relation of cell lines with their derived spheroids and xenograft tumors. The preclinical model systems clustered with patient tumor samples when compared to normal tissue thereby confirming that cell-line-based tumor models retain specific characteristics of primary tumors. Xenografts showed different differentiation patterns and bioluminescence imaging revealed metastatic spread to the lungs. In addition, the models were classified according to the CMS classification system, with further sub-classification according to the recently identified two intrinsic epithelial tumor cell states of CRC, iCMS2 and iCMS3. The combined data showed that regarding primary tumor characteristics, 3D-spheroid cultures resemble xenografts more closely than 2D-cultured cells do. Furthermore, we set up a bioluminescence-based spheroid cytotoxicity assay in order to be able to perform dose–response relationship studies in analogy to typical monolayer assays. Applying the established assay, we studied the efficacy of oxaliplatin. Seven of the ten used cell lines showed a significant reduction in the response to oxaliplatin in the 3D-spheroid model compared to the 2D-monolayer model. Therapy studies in selected xenograft models confirmed the response or lack of response to oxaliplatin treatment. Analyses of differentially expressed genes in these models identified CAV1 as a possible marker of oxaliplatin resistance. In conclusion, we established a combined 2D/3D, in vitro/in vivo model system representing the heterogeneity of CRC, which can be used in preclinical research applications.
Fluconazole Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing for Prevention and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis in Children Supported with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Creators: name: Watt, Kevin M.
name: Brouwer, Kim L. R.
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: Wade, Kelly C.
name: Gonzalez, Daniel
name: Benjamin, Daniel K.
name: Capparelli, Edmund
name: Barrett, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT Candida infections are a leading cause of infectious disease-related death in children supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The ECMO circuit can alter drug pharmacokinetics (PK); thus, standard fluconazole dosing may result in suboptimal drug exposures. The objective of our study was to determine the PK of fluconazole in children on ECMO. Forty children with 367 PK samples were included in the analysis. The PK data were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM). A one-compartment model best described the data. Weight was included in the base model for clearance (CL) and volume of distribution ( V ). The final model included the effect of serum creatinine (SCR) level on CL and the effect of ECMO on V as follows: CL (in liters per hour) = 0.019 × weight × (SCR/0.4) −0.29 × exp(η CL ) and V (in liters) = 0.93 × weight × 1.4 ECMO × exp(η V ). The fluconazole V was increased in children supported by ECMO. Consequently, children on ECMO require a higher fluconazole loading dose for prophylaxis (12 mg/kg of body weight) and treatment (35 mg/kg) paired with standard maintenance doses to achieve exposures similar to those of children not on ECMO.
Les opportunités de la frugalité dans l'ère post-Corona : document de discussion
Creators: name: Herstatt, Cornelius
name: Tiwari, Rajnish
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Crise de Corona
subject: Pandémie de Covid-19
subject: Innovation frugale
subject: Excellence verte abordable
subject: Économie circulaire
subject: Simplicité volontaire
subject: Frugalité 4.0
classificationCode: 330
subject: Wirtschaft

description: Abstract (French): L'objectif de ce document de travail est double: Premièrement, nous évaluons l'impact probable de la crise Corona sur les choix économiques et sociétaux des personnes, notamment en ce qui concerne la simplicité volontaire. Deuxièmement, nous contextualisons l'impact de ces choix dans le domaine de la gestion de l'innovation. En adoptant une perspective normative-conceptuelle, nous cherchons à comprendre dans quelle mesure la frugalité, et entre autres les in-novations frugales, peuvent jouer un rôle dans une meilleure gestion des effets de la crise Corona et quelles implications en découlent pour les acteurs sociétaux concernés, en particulier pour les entreprises, les décideurs politiques et les consommateurs. En prenant note des discussions historiques sur le rôle de la frugalité en tant que "vertu", nous proposons que la quatrième renaissance de la frugalité, actuellement en cours, doit - et est sus-ceptible - d'émerger comme une mégatendance qui pourrait façonner une "ère" frugale aboutis-sant à "l'excellence verte abordable" comme paradigme d'innovation dominant. Pour réaliser ce potentiel, il est toutefois nécessaire de s'éloigner de l'accent unidimensionnel mis sur l'accessibili-té monétaire des solutions frugales. Il est nécessaire de développer une compréhension plus complète et multidimensionnelle de l'accessibilité financière qui vise à garantir l'accessibilité financière, sociétale, infrastructurelle et écologique des produits, services, technologies et mo-dèles commerciaux frugaux. Les innovateurs et entrepreneurs frugaux ne doivent pas se contenter de viser une "réduction significative des coûts" par rapport aux produits de substitution existants, mais plutôt viser à garantir une "accessibilité financière élevée" qui ouvrira de nouveaux horizons commerciaux grâce à des innovations de rupture et à l'excellence technologique. Ce changement de paradigme nécessite l'intervention de toutes les parties prenantes, y compris les décideurs politiques.
Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Colistin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Reveal Multiple Pathways of Resistance
Creators: name: Marshall, Steven H.
name: Rudin, Susan D.
name: Jones, Marcus B.
name: Wright, Meredith S.
name: van Duin, David
name: Bonomo, Robert A.
name: Suzuki, Yo
name: Adams, Mark D.
name: Jacobs, Michael R.
name: Kaye, Keith
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae has resulted in a more frequent reliance on treatment using colistin. However, resistance to colistin (Col r ) is increasingly reported from clinical settings. The genetic mechanisms that lead to Col r in K. pneumoniae are not fully characterized. Using a combination of genome sequencing and transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis, distinct genetic mechanisms were found among nine Col r clinical isolates. Col r was related to mutations in three different genes in K. pneumoniae strains, with distinct impacts on gene expression. Upregulation of the pmrH operon encoding 4-amino-4-deoxy- l -arabinose (Ara4N) modification of lipid A was found in all Col r strains. Alteration of the mgrB gene was observed in six strains. One strain had a mutation in phoQ . Common among these seven strains was elevated expression of phoPQ and unaltered expression of pmrCAB , which is involved in phosphoethanolamine addition to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In two strains, separate mutations were found in a previously uncharacterized histidine kinase gene that is part of a two-component regulatory system (TCRS) now designated crrAB . In these strains, expression of pmrCAB , crrAB , and an adjacent glycosyltransferase gene, but not that of phoPQ , was elevated. Complementation with the wild-type allele restored colistin susceptibility in both strains. The crrAB genes are present in most K. pneumoniae genomes, but not in Escherichia coli . Additional upregulated genes in all strains include those involved in cation transport and maintenance of membrane integrity. Because the crrAB genes are present in only some strains, Col r mechanisms may be dependent on the genetic background.
Low Frequency of Drug-Resistant Variants Selected by Long-Acting Rilpivirine in Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Containing HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Creators: name: Mellors, John W.
name: Ambrose, Zandrea
name: Melody, Kevin
name: McBeth, Sarah
name: Kline, Christopher
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using antiretroviral drugs is effective in reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but adherence to the PrEP regimen is needed. To improve adherence, a long-acting injectable formulation of the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor rilpivirine (RPV LA) has been developed. However, there are concerns that PrEP may select for drug-resistant mutations during preexisting or breakthrough infections, which could promote the spread of drug resistance and limit options for antiretroviral therapy. To address this concern, we administered RPV LA to macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus containing HIV-1 RT (RT-SHIV). Peak plasma RPV levels were equivalent to those reported in human trials and waned over time after dosing. RPV LA resulted in a 2-log decrease in plasma viremia, and the therapeutic effect was maintained for 15 weeks, until plasma drug concentrations dropped below 25 ng/ml. RT mutations E138G and E138Q were detected in single clones from plasma virus in separate animals only at one time point, and no resistance mutations were detected in viral RNA isolated from tissues. Wild-type and E138Q RT-SHIV displayed similar RPV susceptibilities in vitro , whereas E138G conferred 2-fold resistance to RPV. Overall, selection of RPV-resistant variants was rare in an RT-SHIV macaque model despite prolonged exposure to slowly decreasing RPV concentrations following injection of RPV LA.
Energy dynamics and current sheet structure in fluid and kinetic simulations of decaying magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Makwana, K. D.
name: Zhdankin, V.
name: Li, H.
name: Daughton, W.
name: Cattaneo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations of decaying magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are performed with a fluid and a kinetic code. The initial condition is an ensemble of long-wavelength, counter-propagating, shear-Alfvén waves, which interact and rapidly generate strong MHD turbulence. The total energy is conserved and the rate of turbulent energy decay is very similar in both codes, although the fluid code has numerical dissipation whereas the kinetic code has kinetic dissipation. The inertial range power spectrum index is similar in both the codes. The fluid code shows a perpendicular wavenumber spectral slope of $k_{\perp}^{-1.3}$. The kinetic code shows a spectral slope of $k_{\perp}^{-1.5}$ for smaller simulation domain, and $k_{\perp}^{-1.3}$ for larger domain. We estimate that collisionless damping mechanisms in the kinetic code can account for the dissipation of the observed nonlinear energy cascade. Current sheets are geometrically characterized. Their lengths and widths are in good agreement between the two codes. The length scales linearly with the driving scale of the turbulence. In the fluid code, their thickness is determined by the grid resolution as there is no explicit diffusivity. In the kinetic code, their thickness is very close to the skin-depth, irrespective of the grid resolution. This work shows that kinetic codes can reproduce the MHD inertial range dynamics at large scales, while at the same time capturing important kinetic physics at small scales.
Breast Lesion Detection from DCE-MRI using YOLOv7
Creators: name: Bahadir Kulavuz
name: Cavusoglu, Mustafa
name: Bulent Bayram
name: Bakirman, Tolga
name: Sahin, Sinan
name: Araz, Nusret
name: Gozde Orhan
name: Surmeli, Hulusi Emre
name: Cakar, Tuna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women. Early diagnosis of breast cancer has vital importance to prevent unexpected losses. A worldwide effort has been made to tackle early detection challenge. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is a superior imaging system that improves breast cancer diagnosis quality of physicians. Computer Aided Diagnosis systems are used as a complementary tool to improve breast cancer diagnosis. In last decades, various computer aided diagnosis systems have been proposed. However, the state-of-the-art deep learning-based approaches have started to overcome conventional medical image processing methods. In this study, we aimed to detect malignant breast lesions from open access dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imagery dataset using most recent YOLOv7 deep learning architecture. 2400 images have been used for training (80%) and testing (20%) of the network. The metrics calculated with the test dataset are 98.54%, 96.42% and 84.40% for mAP@0.50 IoU, mAP@0.75 IoU and mAP, respectively. The results show that YOLOv7 architecture is capable to detect malignant breast lesions from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images efficiently
Tibetan man carrying a child and running with other demonstrators from riot police deploying tear gas in Barkor Square after protests against Chinese occupation, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Police brutality
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a Tibetan man carrying a child and running with other demonstrators from riot police deploying tear gas in Barkor Square after protests against Chinese occupation of Tibet.
Team Plan Recognition: A Review of the State of the Art
Creators: name: Rieffer-Champlin, Loren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is an increasing need to develop artificial intelligence systems that assist groups of humans working on coordinated tasks. These systems must recognize and understand the plans and relationships between actions for a team of humans working toward a common objective. This article reviews the literature on team plan recognition and surveys the most recent logic-based approaches for implementing it. First, we provide some background knowledge, including a general definition of plan recognition in a team setting and a discussion of implementation challenges. Next, we explain our reasoning for focusing on logic-based methods. Finally, we survey recent approaches from two primary classes of logic-based methods (plan library-based and domain theory-based). We aim to bring more attention to this sparse but vital topic and inspire new directions for implementing team plan recognition.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. Abstract accepted, paper submitted to 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023)
Resonant translational, breathing and twisting modes of pinned transverse magnetic domain walls
Creators: name: Metaxas, Peter J.
name: Albert, Maximilian
name: Lequeux, Steven
name: Cros, Vincent
name: Grollier, Julie
name: Bortolotti, Paolo
name: Anane, Abdelmadjid
name: Fangohr, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study translational, breathing and twisting resonant modes of transverse magnetic domain walls pinned at notches in ferromagnetic nanostrips. We demonstrate that a mode's sensitivity to notches depends strongly on the characteristics of that particular resonance. For example, the frequencies of modes involving lateral motion of the wall are the ones which are most sensitive to changes in the notch intrusion depth (especially at the narrower, more strongly confined end of the domain wall). In contrast, the breathing mode, whose dynamics are concentrated away from the notches is relatively insensitive to changes in the notches' sizes. We also demonstrate a sharp drop in the translational mode's frequency towards zero when approaching depinning which is found, using a harmonic oscillator model, to be consistent with a reduction in the local slope of the notch-induced confining potential at its edge.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, additional data and analysis
Perception Datasets for Anomaly Detection in Autonomous Driving: A Survey
Creators: name: Bogdoll, Daniel
name: Uhlemeyer, Svenja
name: Kowol, Kamil
name: Zöllner, J. Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNN) which are employed in perception systems for autonomous driving require a huge amount of data to train on, as they must reliably achieve high performance in all kinds of situations. However, these DNN are usually restricted to a closed set of semantic classes available in their training data, and are therefore unreliable when confronted with previously unseen instances. Thus, multiple perception datasets have been created for the evaluation of anomaly detection methods, which can be categorized into three groups: real anomalies in real-world, synthetic anomalies augmented into real-world and completely synthetic scenes. This survey provides a structured and, to the best of our knowledge, complete overview and comparison of perception datasets for anomaly detection in autonomous driving. Each chapter provides information about tasks and ground truth, context information, and licenses. Additionally, we discuss current weaknesses and gaps in existing datasets to underline the importance of developing further data.
description: Accepted for publication at IV 2023
Associations of depressive symptoms with subjective cognitive decline in elderly people : a cross-sectional analysis from the AgeWell.de-Study
Creators: name: Zöllinger, Isabel
name: Bauer, Alexander
name: Fankhaenel, Thomas
name: Frese, Thomas
name: [Und Viele Weitere]
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: To develop effective dementia prevention strategies, it is necessary to understand risk factors, associated factors and early signs of dementia. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the earliest form of dementia. The aim of this study is to assess depression as a factor that is significantly associated with SCD. The data of 1030 general practitioner patients from the AgeWell.de-study (60–77 years; CAIDE dementia risk score ≥ 9) were analysed. A descriptive analysis was conducted using validated instruments like the Geriatric depression scale (GDS), Lubben social network scale (LSNS-6) and education classes according to CASMIN (Comparative Analysis of Social Mobility in Industrial Nations). A multivariate regression model with the dependent variable SCD was calculated. Of the 1030 participants, 5.9% had depressive symptoms and 31.3% SCD. The group with depressive symptoms showed significantly higher body-mass-index (p = 0.005), lower education class (p = 0.022), lower LSNS-6 score (p < 0.001), higher sports activity (p < 0.001), and more sleeping problems (p = 0.026). In the regression model a higher GDS-score [Odds ratio (OR): 1.219 (p < 0.001)], more sleeping problems [OR: 1.550 (p = 0.017)] and higher education class [middle/high: OR: 1.474/1.875 (p = 0.037/0.004)] were significantly associated with SCD. This study identified depressive symptoms, sleeping problems, and higher education classes as factors associated with SCD, which can represent an early form of dementia.
Tibetan man carrying bag among demonstrators in Barkor Market running from riot police deploying tear gas after protesting the Chinese occupation of Tibet, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Police brutality
Tibetans

description: Photograph of a Tibetan man carrying a round bag among demonstrators running from riot police deploying tear gas through the deserted market stalls of Barkor Market after protesting the Chinese occupation of Tibet.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging Reveals Heterogeneous Efavirenz Distribution within Putative HIV Reservoirs
Creators: name: Rosen, Elias P.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Bokhart, Mark T.
name: Muddiman, David C.
name: Luciw, Paul A.
name: Sykes, Craig
name: Fedoriw, Yuri
name: Thompson, Corbin G.
name: Adamson, Lourdes
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT Persistent HIV replication within active viral reservoirs may be caused by inadequate antiretroviral penetration. Here, we used mass spectrometry imaging with infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption–electrospray ionization to quantify the distribution of efavirenz within tissues from a macaque dosed orally to a steady state. Intratissue efavirenz distribution was heterogeneous, with the drug concentrating in the lamina propria of the colon, the primary follicles of lymph nodes, and the brain gray matter. These are the first imaging data of an antiretroviral drug in active viral reservoirs.
Observation of exceptional points and skin effect correspondence in non-Hermitian phononic crystals
Creators: name: Zhou, Qiuyan
name: Wu, Jien
name: Pu, Zhenhang
name: Lu, Jiuyang
name: Huang, Xueqin
name: Deng, Weiyin
name: Ke, Manzhu
name: Liu, Zhengyou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exceptional points and skin effect, as the two distinct hallmark features unique to the non-Hermitian physics, have each attracted enormous interests. Recent theoretical works reveal that the topologically nontrivial exceptional points can give rise to the non-Hermitian skin effect, which is geometry-dependent. However, this kind of novel correspondence between the exceptional points and skin effect remains to be confirmed by experiments. Here, we corroborate the correspondence in a non-Hermitian phononic crystal. The exceptional points connected by the bulk Fermi arcs, and the skin effects with the geometry dependence, are evidenced in simulations and experiments. Our work, building an experimental bridge between the exceptional points and skin effect and uncovering the unconventional geometry-dependent skin effect, expands a horizon in non-Hermitian physics.
Edge magnetotransport in graphene: A combined analytical and numerical study
Creators: name: Stegmann, Thomas
name: Lorke, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current flow along the boundary of graphene stripes in a perpendicular magnetic field is studied theoretically by the nonequilibrium Green's function method. In the case of specular reflections at the boundary, the Hall resistance shows equidistant peaks, which are due to classical cyclotron motion. When the strength of the magnetic field is increased, anomalous resistance oscillations are observed, similar to those found in a nonrelativistic 2D electron gas [New. J. Phys. 15:113047 (2013)]. Using a simplified model, which allows to solve the Dirac equation analytically, the oscillations are explained by the interference between the occupied edge states causing beatings in the Hall resistance. A rule of thumb is given for the experimental observability. Furthermore, the local current flow in graphene is affected significantly by the boundary geometry. A finite edge current flows on armchair edges, while the current on zigzag edges vanishes completely. The quantum Hall staircase can be observed in the case of diffusive boundary scattering. The number of spatially separated edge channels in the local current equals the number of occupied Landau levels. The edge channels in the local density of states are smeared out but can be made visible if only a subset of the carbon atoms is taken into account.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Potential of metal–organic frameworks for adsorptive separation of industrially and environmentally relevant liquid mixtures
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Soumya
name: Desai, Aamod
V.
name: Ghosh, Sujit K.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) or porous coordination polymers (PCPs) are defined as crystalline, open,coordination network architectures with potential voids. They have drawn momentous attention across several crossroads of material chemistry since their discovery, owing to an exciting plethora of application-oriented footprints left by this class of crystalline, supramolecular and open coordination architectures. The unmatched aspect of tunable coordination nanospace arising from the countless choice of pre-functionalized organic struts pertaining to varying lengths alongside multivariate coordination geometries/oxidation states of the metal nodes, bestows a distinct chemical tailorability facet to this class of porous materials. Amidst the two-decade long attention dedicated to the adsorption-governed purification of gases, the MOF literature has substantially expanded its horizon into the manifestation of industrially relevant liquid mixtures’ adsorptive separation-driven purification. Such chemical separation phenomena categorically encompasses high importance to the manufacturing and processing industry sectors, apart from the fundamental scientific pursuit of discovering novel physicochemical principles. Aimed at the energy-economic preparation of pure industrial feedstocks and their consequent usage as end products, structure-property correlations pursued in the alleys of coordination chemistry has led to major advancements in a number of critical separation frontiers, inclusive of biofuels (alcohol/water), diverse hydrocarbon mixtures, and chiral species. This comprehensive review summarizes the topical developments accrued in the field of MOF-based liquid mixtures’ adsorptive separation phenomena, structure-selectivity relationships as well as the associated plausible mechanisms substantiating such behavior.
Novel Dosing Strategies Increase Exposures of the Potent Antituberculosis Drug Rifapentine but Are Poorly Tolerated in Healthy Volunteers
Creators: name: Cramer, Yoninah
name: Hogg, Evelyn
name: Benson, Constance A.
name: Patterson, Kristine
name: Janik, Jennifer
name: Hafner, Richard
name: Haas, David W.
name: Savic, Radojka M.
name: Dorman, Susan E.
name: Dooley, Kelly E.
name: Hovind, Laura
name: Park, Jeong-Gun
name: Marzinke, Mark A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT Rifapentine is a potent antituberculosis drug currently in phase III trials. Bioavailability decreases with increasing dose, yet high daily exposures are likely needed to improve efficacy and shorten the tuberculosis treatment duration. Further, the limits of tolerability are poorly defined. The phase I multicenter trial in healthy adults described here investigated two strategies to increase rifapentine exposures: dividing the dose or giving the drug with a high-fat meal. In arm 1, rifapentine was administered at 10 mg/kg of body weight twice daily and 20 mg/kg once daily, each for 14 days, separated by a 28-day washout; the dosing sequence was randomized. In arm 2, 15 mg/kg rifapentine once daily was given with a high-fat versus a low-fat breakfast. Sampling for pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on days 1 and 14. Population pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. This trial was stopped early for poor tolerability and because of safety concerns. Of 44 subjects, 20 discontinued prematurely; 11 of these discontinued for protocol-defined toxicity (a grade 3 or higher adverse event or grade 2 or higher rifamycin hypersensitivity). Taking rifapentine with a high-fat meal increased the median steady-state area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 h (AUC 0–24ss ) by 31% (relative standard error, 6%) compared to that obtained when the drug was taken with a low-fat breakfast. Dividing the dose increased exposures substantially (e.g., 38% with 1,500 mg/day). AUC 0–24ss was uniformly higher in our study than in recent tuberculosis treatment trials, in which toxicity was rare. In conclusion, two strategies to increase rifapentine exposures, dividing the dose or giving it with a high-fat breakfast, successfully increased exposures, but toxicity was common in healthy adults. The limits of tolerability in patients with tuberculosis remain to be defined. (AIDS Clinical Trials Group study A5311 has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01574638.)
Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Lamivudine and Zidovudine Triphosphates Predicts Differential Pharmacokinetics in Seminal Mononuclear Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Creators: name: Troiani, Luigi
name: Forrest, Alan
name: Reddy, Y. Sunila
name: Dumond, Julie B.
name: Bridges, Arlene S.
name: Fiscus, Susan A.
name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Yang, Kuo H.
name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Kendrick, Racheal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT The male genital tract is a potential site of viral persistence. Therefore, adequate concentrations of antiretrovirals are required to eliminate HIV replication in the genital tract. Despite higher zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) concentrations in seminal plasma (SP) than in blood plasma (BP) (SP/BP drug concentration ratios of 2.3 and 6.7, respectively), we have previously reported lower relative intracellular concentrations of their active metabolites, zidovudine triphosphate (ZDV-TP) and lamivudine triphosphate (3TC-TP), in seminal mononuclear cells (SMCs) than in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (SMC/PBMC drug concentration ratios of 0.36 and 1.0, respectively). Here, we use population pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling-based methods to simultaneously describe parent and intracellular metabolite PK in blood, semen, and PBMCs and SMCs. From this model, the time to steady state in each matrix was estimated, and the results indicate that the PK of 3TC-TP and ZDV-TP in PBMCs are different from the PK of the two in SMCs and different for the two triphosphates. We found that steady-state conditions in PBMCs were achieved within 2 days for ZDV-TP and 3 days for 3TC-TP. However, steady-state conditions in SMCs were achieved within 2 days for ZDV-TP and 2 weeks for 3TC-TP. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, ZDV-TP in SMCs does not achieve the surrogate 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) (as established for PBMCs, assuming SMC IC 50 = PBMC IC 50 ) at the standard 300-mg twice-daily dosing. Mechanistic studies are needed to understand these differences and to explore intracellular metabolite behavior in SMCs for other nucleoside analogues used in HIV prevention, treatment, and cure.
Additional file 8 of Multi-scale habitat selection and impacts of climate change on the distribution of four sympatric meso-carnivores using random forest algorithm
Creators: name: Rather, Tahir Ali
name: Kumar, Sharad
name: Khan, Jamal Ahmad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8. Supplementary materials S8. Predictor variables.
Longitudinal analysis of the ASES and constant-murley scores, and the internal rotation/shift and jobe tests following arthroscopic repair of supraspinatus lesions
Creators: name: Fieseler, George
name: Laudner, Kevin
name: Cornelius, Jakob
name: Schulze, Stephan
name: Delank, Karl-Stefan
name: Schwesig, René
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: It is essential to investigate patients post-surgery using functional surveys like the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder (ASES) and the Constant–Murley shoulder (CMS) scores, as well as clinical tests, such as the Internal Rotation and Shift (IRO/Shift) and Jobe tests. In this study, 51 out of an initial 87 patients underwent an arthroscopic supraspinatus repair (22 single-row, 16 double-row, 13 debridement). Testing occurred pre-surgery, and 3 and 6 months post-surgery. Both surveys showed significant improvements over time among all 87 patients, but there were no differences between groups (lesion/no lesion) (p > 0.815) or time × group (p > 0.895). The IRO/Shift test showed a stronger ability to distinguish between both groups (positive vs. negative) with respect to the ASES and CMS scores over time, but the Jobe test did not (p > 0.100). Improvements in the CMS scores and the Jobe test were lower following repair compared to the ASES and IRO/Shift test. Most patients returned to adequate levels of functional abilities at 6 months post-surgery. The time required to return to activities of daily living and negative clinical tests was longer for the double-row repair patients compared to the single-row and debridement groups. In conclusion, both the functional surveys and the clinical tests demonstrated improvements following surgery.
Sub-leading twist transverse momentum dependent parton distributions in the light-front quark-diquark model
Creators: name: Sharma, Shubham
name: Kumar, Narinder
name: Dahiya, Harleen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, the T-even sub-leading twist transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs) of proton in the light-front quark-diquark model (LFQDM) have been investigated. We have derived the overlap form of the light-front wave functions (LFWFs) for the sub-leading twist proton TMDs by detangling the un-integrated quark-quark correlator for the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS). We have obtained the explicit expressions of TMDs for both the cases of the diquark being a scalar or a vector and analysed their relationships with leading twist TMDs within the same model. Average transverse momenta and average square transverse momenta for the TMDs have been tabulated and compared with the results from the light-front bag model and the light-front constituent quark model (LFCQM). In addition to this, we have also compared our results for the PDF $e(x)$ with the recent CLAS collaboration results.
description: 37 Pages, 12 Figures, 6 Tables, accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B, arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.09536
Tibetan man in traditional clothes walking past empty market stalls in Barkor Square, with demonstrators in the background, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Demonstrations
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Photograph of Tibetan man in traditional clothes walking past empty market stalls in Barkor Square, with demonstrators in the background.
Interpolating the Coulomb Phase of Little String Theory
Creators: name: Lin, Ying-Hsuan
name: Shao, Shu-Heng
name: Wang, Yifan
name: Yin, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study up to 8-derivative terms in the Coulomb branch effective action of (1,1) little string theory, by collecting results of 4-gluon scattering amplitudes from both perturbative 6D super-Yang-Mills theory up to 4-loop order, and tree-level double scaled little string theory (DSLST). In previous work we have matched the 6-derivative term from the 6D gauge theory to DSLST, indicating that this term is protected on the entire Coulomb branch. The 8-derivative term, on the other hand, is unprotected. In this paper we compute the 8-derivative term by interpolating from the two limits, near the origin and near the infinity on the Coulomb branch, numerically from SU(k) SYM and DSLST respectively, for k=2,3,4,5. We discuss the implication of this result on the UV completion of 6D SYM as well as the strong coupling completion of DSLST. We also comment on analogous interpolating functions in the Coulomb phase of circle-compactified (2,0) little string theory.
description: 39 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Spatially heterogeneous learning by a deep student machine
Creators: name: Yoshino, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNN) with a huge number of adjustable parameters remain largely black boxes. To shed light on the hidden layers of DNN, we study supervised learning by a DNN of width $N$ and depth $L$ consisting of $NL$ perceptrons with $c$ inputs by a statistical mechanics approach called the teacher-student setting. We consider an ensemble of student machines that exactly reproduce $M$ sets of $N$ dimensional input/output relations provided by a teacher machine. We show that the problem becomes exactly solvable in what we call as 'dense limit': $N \gg c \gg 1$ and $M \gg 1$ with fixed $α=M/c$ using the replica method developed in (H. Yoshino, (2020)). We also study the model numerically performing simple greedy MC simulations. Simulations reveal that learning by the DNN is quite heterogeneous in the network space: configurations of the teacher and the student machines are more correlated within the layers closer to the input/output boundaries while the central region remains much less correlated due to the over-parametrization in qualitative agreement with the theoretical prediction. We evaluate the generalization-error of the DNN with various depth $L$ both theoretically and numerically. Remarkably both the theory and simulation suggest generalization-ability of the student machines, which are only weakly correlated with the teacher in the center, does not vanish even in the deep limit $L \gg 1$ where the system becomes heavily over-parametrized. We also consider the impact of effective dimension $D(\leq N)$ of data by incorporating the hidden manifold model (S. Goldt et. al., (2020)) into our model. The theory implies that the loop corrections to the dense limit become enhanced by either decreasing the width $N$ or decreasing the effective dimension $D$ of the data. Simulation suggests both lead to significant improvements in generalization-ability.
description: 41 page, 19 figures (revised version)
Role of Semen on Vaginal HIV-1 Transmission and Maraviroc Protection
Creators: name: Swanson, Michael D.
name: Council, Olivia D.
name: Wahl, Angela
name: Spagnuolo, Rae Ann
name: Garcia, J. Victor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT We used bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice to establish the effect of semen on vaginal HIV infection and on the efficacy of topically applied maraviroc. Our results demonstrate that vaginal transmission of cell-free HIV occurs efficiently in the presence of semen and that topically applied maraviroc efficiently prevents HIV transmission in the presence of semen. We also show that semen has no significant effect on the transmission of transmitted/founder viruses or cell-associated viruses.
Peer Community In Agriculture: non-profit and open peer review and publication
Creators: name: Katzin, David
name: Bourguet, Denis
name: Guillemaud, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open science
open publishing
open peer review
agriculture
peer community

description: Presentation files used for workshop presentation at the Open Science Festival, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 31 August 2023. Open Science Festival: https://opensciencefestival.nl/ Workshop 2.6: Peer Community In Agriculture: non-profit and open peer review and publication Presenters: "20230831 DB TG Presentation Peer Community In - Open Science Festival.pdf"
 Presented by Denis Bourguet and Thomas Guillemaud, INRAE

 "20230831 DK Open Science Festival.pdf"
 Presented by David Katzin, Wageningen University & Research

 Uploaded by David Katzin, david.katzin@wur.nl, 4 September 2023.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis To Estimate Antibacterial Treatment Effect in Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection
Creators: name: Mundy, Linda M.
name: Li, Gang
name: Mitrani-Gold, Fanny S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT A systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the antibacterial treatment effect for linezolid and ceftaroline to inform on the design of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) noninferiority trials. The primary endpoints included an early clinical treatment response (ECTR) defined as cessation of lesion spread at 48 to 72 h postrandomization and the test-of-cure (TOC) response defined as total resolution of the infection at 7 to 14 days posttreatment. The systematic review identified no placebo-controlled trials in ABSSSI, 4 placebo-controlled trials in uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infection as a proxy for placebo in ABSSSI, 12 linezolid trials in ABSSSI, 3 ceftaroline trials in ABSSSI, and 2 trials for nonantibacterial treatment. The ECTR rates at 48 to 72 h and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 78.7% (95% CI, 61.1 to 96.3%) for linezolid, 74.0% (95% CI, 69.7 to 78.3%) for ceftaroline, and 59.0% (95% CI, 52.8 to 65.3%) for nonantibacterial treatment. The early clinical treatment effect could not be estimated, given no available placebo or proxy for placebo data for this endpoint. Clinical, methodological, and statistical heterogeneity influenced the selection of trials for the meta-analysis of the TOC treatment effect estimation. The pooled estimates of the TOC treatment response were 31.0% (95% CI, 6.2 to 55.9%) for the proxy for placebo, 88.1% (95% CI, 81.0 to 95.1%) for linezolid, and 86.1% (95% CI, 83.7 to 88.6%) for ceftaroline. The TOC clinical treatment effect estimation was 25.1% for linezolid and 27.8% for ceftaroline. The antibacterial treatment effect estimation at TOC will inform on the design and analysis of future noninferiority ABSSSI clinical trials.
Recursos Educacionais Abertos. Evidências e reflexões sobre práticas educacionais abertas em contexto de pandemia. Do local para o global
Creators: name: Bastos, Glória
name: Carvalho, Madalena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão O meu Póster em 40 segundos da 13ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 10 a 12 de outubro de 2022.
The Eigenvalues of Tridiagonal Sign Matrices are Dense in the Spectra of Periodic Tridiagonal Sign Operators
Creators: name: Hagger, Raffael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15B35, 15A18 (Primary), 47A10, 47B36 (Secondary)

description: Chandler-Wilde, Chonchaiya and Lindner conjectured that the set of eigenvalues of finite tridiagonal sign matrices ($\pm 1$ on the first sub- and superdiagonal, $0$ everywhere else) is dense in the set of spectra of periodic tridiagonal sign operators on $\ell^2(\mathbb{Z})$. We give a simple proof of this conjecture. As a consequence we get that the set of eigenvalues of tridiagonal sign matrices is dense in the unit disk. In fact, a recent paper further improves this result, showing that this set of eigenvalues is dense in an even larger set.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, minor changes (typos removed etc.)
Nrf2-Mediated Transcriptional Induction of Antioxidant Response in Mouse Embryos Exposed to Ethanol in vivo : Implications for the Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Creators: name: Sulik, Kathleen K.
name: Chen, Shao-yu
name: Dong, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that is important in protection against oxidative stress. This study was designed to determine the role of Nrf2 signaling in transcriptional activation of detoxifying and antioxidant genes in an in vivo mouse fetal alcohol syndrome model. Maternal ethanol treatment was found to increase both Nrf2 protein levels and Nrf2-ARE binding in mouse embryos. It also resulted in a moderate increase in the mRNA expression of Nrf2 downstream target detoxifying and antioxidant genes as well as an increase in the expression of antioxidant proteins. Pretreatment with the Nrf2 inducer, 3H-1,2 dithiole-3-thione (D3T), significantly increased Nrf2 protein levels and Nrf2-ARE binding, and strongly induced the mRNA expression of Nrf2 downstream target genes. It also increased the expression of antioxidant proteins and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, D3T pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in mouse embryos. These results demonstrate that Nrf2 signaling is involved in the induction of antioxidant response in ethanol-exposed embryos. In addition, the potency of D3T in inducing antioxidants as well as in diminishing ethanol-induced apoptosis suggests that further exploration of the antiteratogenic effect of this compound will be fruitful. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 11, 2023–2033.