cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dark energy and the hierarchy problem
Creators: name: Chen, Pisin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well-known hierarchy between the Planck scale (~10^{19}GeV) and the TeV scale, namely a ratio of ~10^{16} between the two, is coincidentally repeated in a inverted order between the TeV scale and the dark energy scale at \~10^{-3}eV implied by the observations. We argue that this is not a numerical coincidence. The same brane-world setups to address the first hierarchy problem may also in principle address this second hierarchy issue. Specifically, we consider supersymmetry in the bulk and its breaking on the brane and resort to the Casimir energy induced by the bulk graviton-gravitino mass-shift on the brane as the dark energy. For the ADD model we found that our notion is sensible only if the number of extra dimension n=2. We extend our study to the Randall-Sundrum model. Invoking the chirality-flip on the boundaries for SUSY-breaking, the zero-mode gravitino contribution to the Casimir energy does give rise to the double hierarchy. Unfortunately since the higher Kaluza-Klein modes acquire relative mass-shifts at the TeV level, the zero-mode contribution to Casimir energy is overshadowed.
description: Submitted to the DM06 Proceedings (to be published by Nuclear Physics B)
The relationship between advertisement content and pacing on emotional responses and memory for televised political advertisements
Creators: name: Hughes, Andrew Gary
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Advertising, Political
subject: Political psychology.
subject: Television advertising Political aspects
subject: Persuasion (Psychology) Political aspects
subject: Emotions and cognition
subject: Communication in politics.

description: Political advertising remains the most dominant method of political communication in the world as it is the most effective way of communicating the promise of exchange to the political market. Without a doubt the single most important, expensive and well used method of political advertising is televised political advertising. It is also an area of increasing public policy concern over the perceived impact that it is having on society's perceptions of the democratic process, institutions and stakeholders. This is especially so for negative advertising which may very well be creating a negative attitude in voters towards political offerings of exchanges, brands, institutions and stakeholders that may not be reflective of reality. Yet little research has examined if this is true and little is known about whether or not voters respond emotionally to televised political advertising, and if this response influences their memory and arousal to the message. Even more broadly how political advertising is influencing the response to the communication of political exchanges in the context of an offering of value and one of loss, and how this influences emotional response to brands, is still not yet fully understood. This thesis will therefore examine what political promise of exchange when communicated using television advertising, either of value or loss, is best remembered by voters. This will help understand how political advertising is affecting voters' memory of political exchanges and attitude to brands. It will use psychophysiological measures of skin conductance and heart rate to measure how voters respond to different types of political messages that vary on two important variables: message structure, in this thesis pace, which can influence the perceived information complexity and content of a message; and valence or if the message is negative or positive in content. This will further knowledge and understanding about whether or not negative and positive advertising (that varies by pace) is affecting the emotional responses of voters to the point where they become more aroused and better remember political messages.
A D-Brane Landscape on Calabi-Yau Manifolds
Creators: name: Diaconescu, Duiliu-Emanuel
name: Garcia-Raboso, Alberto
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the dynamics of magnetized nonsupersymmetric D5-brane configurations on Calabi-Yau orientifolds with fluxes. We show that supergravity D-terms capture supersymmetry breaking effects predicted by more abstract Pi-stability considerations. We also examine superpotential interactions in the presence of fluxes, and investigate the vacuum structure of such configurations. Based on the shape of the potential, we argue that metastable nonsupersymmetric vacua can be in principle obtained by tuning the values of fluxes.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added and relation to previous work on D-terms and Pi-stability clarified
Extremely High Thermal Conductivity of Graphene: Experimental Study
Creators: name: Balandin, A. A.
name: Ghosh, S.
name: Bao, W.
name: Calizo, I.
name: Teweldebrhan, D.
name: Miao, F.
name: Lau, C. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the first measurement of the thermal conductivity of a suspended single layer graphene. The measurements were performed using a non-contact optical technique. The near room-temperature values of the thermal conductivity in the range ~ 4840 to 5300 W/mK were extracted for a single-layer graphene. The extremely high value of the thermal conductivity suggests that graphene can outperform carbon nanotubes in heat conduction.
Catholicism and American Borders in the Gothic Literary Imagination
Creators: name: O'Gorman, Farrell
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024

description: In _Catholicism and American Borders in the Gothic Literary Imagination_, Farrell O'Gorman presents the first study of the recurrent role of Catholicism in a Gothic tradition that is essential to the literature of the United States. In this tradition, Catholicism is depicted as threatening to break down borders separating American citizens-or some representative American-from a larger world beyond. While earlier studies of Catholicism in the American literary imagination have tended to highlight the faith's historical association with Europe, O'Gorman stresses how that imagination often responds to a Catholicism associated with Latin America and the Caribbean. On a deeper level, O'Gorman demonstrates how the Gothic tradition he traces here builds on and ultimately transforms the persistent image in modern Anglophone literature of Catholicism as 'a religion without a country; indeed, a religion inimical to nationhood.' O'Gorman focuses on the work of J. Hector St. John de Cr\u00e8vecœur, Herman Melville, Kate Chopin, William Faulkner, Flannery O'Connor, Walker Percy, Cormac McCarthy, and selected contemporary writers including Toni Morrison. These authors, representing historical periods from the early republic to the present day, have distinct experiences of borders within and around their nation and hemisphere, itself an ever-emergent 'America.' As O'Gorman carefully documents, they also have distinct experiences of Catholicism and distinct ways of imagining the faith, often shaped at least in part within the Church itself. In their narratives, Catholicism plays a complicated and profound role that ultimately challenges longstanding notions of American exceptionalism and individual autonomy. This analysis contributes not only to discourse regarding Gothic literature and nationalism but also to a broader ongoing dialogue regarding religion, secularism, and American literature.
Velocity Fields of Spiral Galaxies in z~0.5 Clusters
Creators: name: Kutdemir, Elif
name: Ziegler, Bodo
name: Peletier, Reynier F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spiral galaxies can be affected by interactions in clusters, that also may distort the internal velocity field. If unrecognized from single-slit spectroscopy, this could lead to a wrong determination of the maximum rotation velocity as pointed out by Ziegler et al. (2003). This parameter directly enters into the Tully-Fisher relation, an important tool to investigate the evolution of spiral galaxies. To overcome this problem, we measure the 2D-velocity fields by observing three different slit positions per galaxy using FORS2 at the VLT providing us with full coverage of each galaxy and an adequate spatial resolution. The kinematic properties are compared to structural features determined on the HST/ACS images to assess possible interaction processes. As a next step, the whole analysis will be performed for three more clusters, so that we will be able to establish a high-accuracy TFR for spirals at z~0.5.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, going to be published in the proceedings of the IAU Symp. 241, "Stellar Populations as Building Blocks of Galaxies"
Production experiment, subject 3
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 50-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Semi-classical Expansion of the Smooth Part of the Density of States, with Application to the Hydrogen Atom in Uniform Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Kunz, Hervé
name: Schuepbach, Thierry
name: Dupertuis, Marc-André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a method to compute the smooth part of the density of states in a semi-classical expansion, when the Hamiltonian contains a Coulomb potential and non-cartesian coordinates are appropriate. We apply this method to the case of the hydrogen atom in a magnetic field with fixed $z$-component of the angular momentum. This is then compared with numerical results obtained by a high precision finite element approach. The agreement is excellent especially in the \emph{chaotic} region of the spectrum. The need to go beyond the Thomas-Fermi model is clearly established.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Estimating Surface Sediments Using Multibeam Sonar
Creators: name: Bentrem, Frank W.
name: Avera, William E.
name: Sample, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detail acoustic backscatter processing for characterization and mapping of the ocean bottom.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Bipolar II disorder, ketogenic diet, and social rhythm therapy: a case study
Creators: name: Gent, Eduard Van
name: Bruijn, Chris De
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: In the treatment of bipolar II disorder is the need for balance between effects and side effects essential for therapy compliance.

Aim:

In co-operation with the patient to be studied, to find which is the optimal treatment. A 26 year old Dietetics student with rapid cycling bipolar II disorder, asked if the ketogenic diet works as a treatment for bipolar disorder. He refused medication.  In the literature are a number of theoretical articles because the ketogenic diet works for epilepsy and some anti-epileptics work for bipolar disorder. There is a success case study with 2 patients where the diet as given is added to the existing therapy. Another study where the diet was not working  and a study where the patient became psychotic with the diet. Bright light prior to bedtime and reduced sleep can, for some bipolar patients, stimulate a hypomanic episode.

Methods:

Ketogenic diet. Laboratory tests to detect cholesterol and ketogenic chains in urine. Life chart: one and a half years before and one and half years after ketogenic diet. No other medications. Special glasses in the evening to reduce the blue light from the computer.

Results:

After 1½ years he had only one hypomanic episode, shortly after the start of the diet, normally 3-5 in a year. The severity and duration of depressive episodes was reduced by half.

Discussion:

The ketogenic diet for this patient seems to be a good supplement to existing therapy. Although he used the diet he also used the glasses to get enough sleep. Whether the results and  the compliance with this therapy is better than the conventional treatment must be shown by patients and more research.
A single pulse study of PSR J1022+1001
Creators: name: Feng, Yi
name: Hobbs, George
name: Li, Di
name: Dai, Shi
name: Zhu, Weiwei
name: Yue, Youling
name: Wang, Pei
name: Zhang, Songbo
name: Qian, Lei
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Wang, Shuangqiang
name: Miao, Chenchen
name: Yuan, Mao
name: Zhang, Yongkun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST), we have recorded 10^5 single pulses from PSR J1022+1001. We studied the polarization properties, their energy distribution and their times of arrival. This is only possible with the high sensitivity available using FAST. There is no indication that PSR~J1022+1001 exhibits giant pulse, nulling or traditional mode changing phenomena. The energy in the leading and trailing components of the integrated profile is shown to be correlated. The degree of both linear and circular polarization increases with the pulse flux density for individual pulses. Our data indicates that pulse jitter leads to an excess noise in the timing residuals of 67 ns when scaled to one hour, which is consistent with Liu et al. (2015). We have unsuccessfully trialled various methods to improve timing precision through the selection of specific single pulses. Our work demonstrates that FAST can detect individual pulses from pulsars that are observed in order to detect and study gravitational waves. This capability enables detailed studies, and parameterisation, of the noise processes that affect the sensitivity of a pulsar timing array.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Constructing Cloze Questions Generatively
Creators: name: Sun, Yicheng
name: Wang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: We present a generative method called CQG for constructing cloze questions from a given article using neural networks and WordNet, with an emphasis on generating multigram distractors. Built on sense disambiguation, text-to-text transformation, WordNet's synset taxonomies and lexical labels, CQG selects an answer key for a given sentence, segments it into a sequence of instances, generates instance-level distractor candidates (IDCs) using a transformer and sibling synsets.It then removes inappropriate IDCs, ranks the remaining IDCs based on contextual embedding similarities, as well as synset and lexical relatedness, forms distractor candidates by combinatorially replacing instances with the corresponding top-ranked IDCs, and checks if they are legitimate phrases. Finally, it selects top-ranked distractor candidates based on contextual semantic similarities to the answer key. Experiments show that this method significantly outperforms SOTA results. Human judges also confirm the high qualities of the generated distractors.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures,5 tables, 2023 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
Effects of a video prompting intervention to teach menstrual care skills to individuals with autism
Creators: name: Oshinski, Molly
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: Menstrual care
Intimate care
Video prompting
Video model
Daily living skills

description: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often need to be explicitly taught menstrual care skills. The taboo and private nature of menstrual care skills has often led practitioners to avoid teaching menstrual care skills which may leave individuals with ASD more vulnerable to abuse and other health concerns. Video prompting is an effective tool to teach a variety of daily living skills, however, its effectiveness teaching menstrual care has never been assessed. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a video prompting intervention on teaching a menstrual care skill to individuals with ASD. The video prompting intervention was effective for four participants. The intervention was found to be socially valid by caregivers, behavior therapists, and behavior analysts. The possible implications of teaching an intimate skill without physical prompts could protect individuals from abuse and other health concerns.
Alienating customary land : people of the land and people of property in Vanuatu
Creators: name: Harradine, Mark Andrew
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Vanuatu. Constitution
subject: Land tenure Vanuatu
subject: Alien property Vanuatu
subject: Right of property Vanuatu

description: The extensive land alienation on some islands in Vanuatu appears to contravene both the national constitution and desires of local people. The constitution states that all land is held in customary tenure; the Ni-Vanuatu indigenous majority (about 95% of the population) find alienation severely encroaches on their land entitlements. Given this strong opposition, the thesis asks how alienation occurs. It concludes that alienation results from the operation of key state-level forces of the recent period, inherently in tension. The interplay of indigenous self-determination and national development imperatives, mediated by elites, construes land as property and a marketable commodity. First, indigenous self-determination, for ni-Vanuatu, requires state recognition of customary forms of relations to land. Recognition, though, entails acceptance of state control over relations to land, effected through institutional arrangements that define land as property. This process of propertisation is a precondition for alienation. It allows legal ownership of land to be vested in customary groups, but also creates property rights that may be sold. Second, propertisation is central to national development and relates closely to colonisation and its aftermath. Shortly after independence in 1980 legal property rights were offered to former colonial occupiers. These rights still obtain and effectively allow foreign investors to own land. Third, the thesis focuses on the situation and role of elites around Port Vila, the national capital. These people embody the conflict between customary and property forms of relations to land, mediating ni-Vanuatu and foreign interests in ways that further propertisation and land alienation.
$ΛNN$ and $ΣNN$ systems at threshold
Creators: name: Garcilazo, H.
name: Fernandez-Carames, T.
name: Valcarce, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the hypertriton binding energy and the $Λd$ and $Σd$ scattering lengths using baryon-baryon interactions obtained from a chiral constituent quark model. We study consistently the $ΛNN$ and $ΣNN$ systems analyzing the effect of the $Σ\leftrightarrow Λ$ conversion. Our interactions correctly predict the hypertriton binding energy. The $(I,J)=(0,3/2)$ $ΛNN$ channel is also attractive and it might have a bound state. From the condition of nonexistence of a (0,3/2) $ΛNN$ bound state, an upper limit for the spin-triplet $ΛN$ scattering length is obtained. We also present results for the elastic and inelastic $ΣN$ and $ΛN$ cross sections. The consistent description of the $ΣN$ scattering cross sections imposes a lower limit for the corresponding spin-triplet scattering lengths. In the $ΣNN$ system the only attractive channels are $(I,J)=(1,1/2)$ and $(0,1/2)$, the $(1,1/2)$ state being the most attractive one.
description: 17 pages, 6 tables, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Mechanical Design Improvement of a Passive Device to Assist Eating in People Living with Movement Disorders
Creators: name: Dubé, Michaël
name: Laliberté, Thierry
name: Flamand, Véronique
name: Routhier, François
name: Campeau-Lecours, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many people living with neurological disorders, such as cerebral palsy, stroke, muscular dystrophy or dystonia experience upper limb impairments (muscle spasticity, loss of selective motor control, muscle weakness or tremors) and have difficulty to eat independently. The general goal of this project is to develop a new device to assist with eating, aimed at stabilizing the movement of people who have movement disorders. A first iteration of the device was validated with children living with cerebral palsy and showed promising results. This validation however pointed out important drawbacks. This paper presents an iteration of the design which includes a new mechanism reducing the required arm elevation, improving safety through a compliant utensil attachment, and improving damping and other static balancing factors.
Antibiotic inhibition of catalytic RNA function
Creators: name: Rogers, Jeff
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A number of compounds inhibit group I intron splicing. Competitive inhibitors include deoxyguanosine, dideoxyguanosine, arginine and streptomycin; the non-competitive inhibitors include members of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics. Further screening of a collection of antibiotics for their ability to inhibit group I intron splicing identified several novel compounds. In particular, the pseudodisaccharide antibiotic lysinomicin, the peptide antibiotics netropsin and distamycin, and the tetracycline analog chelocardin, were found to inhibit group I intron splicing at concentrations of 250 μM or lower. Inhibition of group I intron splicing by pseudodisaccharide antibiotics was studied in detail. Lysinomicin and three closely related compounds were found to inhibit the self splicing reaction of the Tetrahymena, Bacillus phage SP01 and T4 phage td and sun Y group I introns at concentrations less than 50 μM. Lysinomicin competitively inhibited sunY intron splicing with a Ki of 8.5 μM (+/- 5 μM). The pseudodisaccharides were also shown to interact at the A-site on the ribosome, as Escherichia coli strains resistant to neomycin, which binds to the ribosomal Asite, were also resistant to the pseudodisaccharides. To further examine antibiotic/ribozyme interactions, antibiotic inhibition of a second ribozyme system, the human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme, was examined. The small size (150 nucleotides) of this ribozyme and the fact that it lacks a guanosine binding site (the proposed site of interaction of inhibitors of group I intron splicing) made it a good candidate for detailed studies of antibiotic/ribozyme interactions. The antibiotics that have been shown to inhibit group I intron splicing were found to inhibit the HDV genomic and antigenomic ribozymes. Kinetic analysis showed that neomycin competes with magnesium binding to the ribozyme with a Ki of 28 μM (+/- 10 μM). Lead cleavage also suggested that neomycin inhibits the self-cleavage reaction of the HDV ribozyme by competing with divalent cation binding. Footprint analysis also supported this hypothesis as neomycin binds HDV RNA near the cleavage site. I propose that the binding of neomycin to several different RNAs (Rev Responsive Element, 16S rRNA, and the hammerhead, group I intron and HDV ribozymes) may be due to neomycin recognition of divalent cation binding site(s) in these RNAs.
Bifurcations from stationary to pulsating solitons in the cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equation
Creators: name: Tsoy, E. N.
name: Akhmediev, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stationary to pulsating soliton bifurcation analysis of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) is presented. The analysis is based on a reduction from an infinite-dimensional dynamical dissipative system to a finite-dimensional model. Stationary solitons, with constant amplitude and width, are associated with fixed points in the model. For the first time, pulsating solitons are shown to be stable limit cycles in the finite-dimensional dynamical system. The boundaries between the two types of solutions are obtained approximately from the reduced model. These boundaries are reasonably close to those predicted by direct numerical simulations of the CGLE.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
First search for $K_{L}\toπ^{0}π^{0}ν\barν$
Creators: name: Nix, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first search for the rare kaon decay $\kppnn$ has been performed by the E391a collaboration at the KEK 12-GeV proton synchrotron. An upper limit of $4.7\times10^{-5}$ at the 90 % confidence level was set for the branching ratio of the decay $\kppnn$ using about 10 % of the data collected during the first period of data taking. First limits for the decay mode $\kppP$, where $P$ is a pseudoscalar particle, were also set.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, published in PRD, corrected grammar
A Statistical Study of Weak Lensing by Triaxial Dark Matter Halos: Consequences for Parameter Estimation
Creators: name: Corless, V.
name: King, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the distribution of mass on galaxy cluster scales is a crucial test of the Lambda CDM model, providing constraints on the nature of dark matter. Recent work investigating mass distributions of individual galaxy clusters using gravitational lensing has illuminated potential inconsistencies between the predictions of structure formation models relating halo mass to concentration and those relationships as measured in massive clusters. However, such analyses typically employ only simple spherical halo models with canonical NFW slopes, while the halos formed in simulations show a range of more complex features. Here we investigate the impact of such expected deviations from the canonical NFW halo profile on mass and parameter estimation using weak gravitational lensing on massive cluster scales. The most important deviation is halo triaxiality because it is impossible even with fiducial weak lensing data to fully resolve the three-dimensional structure of the halo due to lensing's sensitivity only to projected mass. Significant elongation of the halo along the line of sight can cause the mass and concentration to be overestimated by as much as 50% and by a factor of 2, respectively, while foreshortening has the opposite effect. Additionally, triaxial halos in certain orientations are much better lenses than their spherical counterparts of the same mass, indicating that clusters chosen for study because of evident lensing are likely to be drawn from the high-triaxiality end of the halo shape distribution. While the effects of triaxiality alone may not be enough to fully explain the very high concentrations reported for some clusters, they go a long way in easing the tensions between observations and the predictions of the cold dark matter paradigm. (Abridged)
description: 13 pages, 18 figures: minor revisions to match version accepted by MNRAS
Production experiment, subject 2
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 34-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Cosmology and New Physics
Creators: name: Dolgov, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparison of the standard models in particle physics and in cosmology demonstrates that they are not compatible, though both are well established. Basics of modern cosmology are briefly reviewed. It is argued that the measurements of the main cosmological parameters are achieved through many independent physical phenomena and this minimizes possible interpretation errors. It is shown that astronomy demands new physics beyond the frameworks of the (minimal) standard model in particle physics. More revolutionary modifications of the basic principles of the theory are also discussed.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures; lectures presented at 9th International Moscow School of Physics (34th ITEP Winter School)
Thermodynamics of a Trapped Unitary Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Bulgac, Aurel
name: Drut, Joaquin E.
name: Magierski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first model-independent comparison of recent measurements of the entropy and of the critical temperature of a unitary Fermi gas, performed by Luo et al., with the most complete results currently available from finite temperature Monte Carlo calculations. The measurement of the critical temperature in a cold fermionic atomic cloud is consistent with a value $T_c=0.23(2)epsilon_F$ in the bulk, as predicted by the present authors in their Monte Carlo calculations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, published version
Positron-atom scattering using pseudo-state energy shifts
Creators: name: Mitroy, J.
name: Zhang, J. Y.
name: Bromley, M. W. J.
name: Young, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method to generate low-energy phase shifts for elastic scattering using bound-state calculations is applied to the problem of e+ - Mg and e+ - Zn scattering after an initial validation on the e+ - Cu system. The energy shift between a small reference calculation and the largest possible configuration interaction calculation of the lowest energy pseudo-state is used to tune a semi-empirical optical potential. The potential was further fine-tuned by utilizing the energy of the second lowest pseudo-state. The s- and p-wave phase shifts for positron scattering from Mg and Zn are given from threshold to the first excitation threshold. The e+ - Mg cross section has a prominent p-wave shape resonance at an energy of about 0.096 eV with a width of 0.106 eV. The peak cross section for e+ - Mg scattering is about 4800 a_0^2 while Z_eff achieves a value of 1310 at an energy of 0.109 eV.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, submitted to PRA (updated following referee comments)
Complex trajectories in chaotic dynamical tunneling
Creators: name: Levkov, D. G.
name: Panin, A. G.
name: Sibiryakov, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the semiclassical method of complex trajectories in application to chaotic dynamical tunneling. First, we suggest a systematic numerical technique for obtaining complex tunneling trajectories by the gradual deformation of the classical ones. This provides a natural classification of the tunneling solutions. Second, we present a heuristic procedure for sorting out the least suppressed trajectory. As an illustration, we apply our technique to the process of chaotic tunneling in a quantum mechanical model with two degrees of freedom. Our analysis reveals rich dynamics of the system. At the classical level, there exists an infinite set of unstable solutions forming a fractal structure. This structure is inherited by the complex tunneling paths and plays the central role in the semiclassical study. The process we consider exhibits the phenomenon of optimal tunneling: the suppression exponent of the tunneling probability has a local minimum at a certain energy which is thus (locally) the optimal energy for tunneling. We test the proposed method by comparison of the semiclassical results with the results of the exact quantum computations and find a good agreement.
description: 21 pages, RevTeX style, 15 figures. Journal version; abstract, introduction and discussion modified, references added
Quantum fluctuations and noise in interferometry and photodetection: Applications in optical sensing and micromanipulation
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate optical sensing and micromanipulation requires sensitive measurements of the position, orientation, and dynamics of small particles--and sometimes even large objects--under consideration. The signals acquired in the process, including those needed for the feedback control of these particles and objects, are inevitably contaminated by quantum fluctuations and noise that accompany the physical processes of optical interference and photodetection (or photon counting). This paper explores the origins of signal fluctuation and quantum noise that are inevitably associated with such sensitive measurements.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures, 74 equations, 3 appendices, 13 references
Unitary theory of laser Carrier-Envelope Phase effects
Creators: name: Roudnev, V.
name: Esry, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum state interacting with a short intense linearly polarized laser pulse. Using the two-dimensional time representation and Floquet picture we establish a straightforward connection between the laser carrier-envelope phase (CEP) and the wave function. This connection is revealed as a unitary transformation in the space of Floquet components. It allows any CEP effect to be interpreted as an interference between the components and to put limits on using the CEP in coherent control. A 2-level system is used to illustrate the theory. On this example we demonstrate strong intensity sensitivity of the CEP effects and predict an effect for pulses much longer than the oscillation period of the carrier.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
The Role of Evolutionary Age and Metallicity in the Formation of Classical Be Circumstellar Disks I. New Candidate Be Stars in the LMC, SMC, and Milky Way
Creators: name: Wisniewski, John P.
name: Bjorkman, Karen S.
name: ;
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present B, V, R, and H alpha photometry of 8 clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud, 5 in the Large Magellanic Cloud, and 3 Galactic clusters, and use 2 color diagrams (2-CDs) to identify candidate Be star populations in these clusters. We find evidence that the Be phenomenon is enhanced in low metallicity environments, based on the observed fractional early-type candidate Be star content of clusters of age 10-25 Myr. Numerous candidate Be stars of spectral types B0 to B5 were identified in clusters of age 5-8 Myr, challenging the suggestion of Fabregat & Torrejon (2000) that classical Be stars should only be found in clusters at least 10 Myr old. These results suggest that a significant number of B-type stars must emerge onto the zero-age-main-sequence as rapid rotators. We also detect an enhancement in the fractional content of early-type candidate Be stars in clusters of age 10-25 Myr, suggesting that the Be phenomenon does become more prevalent with evolutionary age. We briefly discuss the mechanisms which might contribute to such an evolutionary effect. A discussion of the limitations of utilizing the 2-CD technique to investigate the role evolutionary age and/or metallicity play in the development of the Be phenomenon is offered, and we provide evidence that other B-type objects of very different nature, such as candidate Herbig Ae/Be stars may contaminate the claimed detections of ``Be stars'' via 2-CDs.
description: 42 pages (4 figures, 9 tables), accepted in ApJ; online-only figures and table available at http://ardbeg.astro.utoledo.edu/~jpw/LMCSMC-photometry/
The JCMT BISTRO survey: alignment between outflows and magnetic fields in dense cores/clumps
Creators: name: Yen, Hsi-Wei
name: Koch, Patrick M.
name: Hull, Charles L. H.
name: Ward-Thompson, Derek
name: Bastien, Pierre
name: Hasegawa, Tetsuo
name: Kwon, Woojin
name: Lai, Shih-Ping
name: Qiu, Keping
name: Ching, Tao-Chung
name: Chung, Eun Jung
name: Coude, Simon
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Diep, Pham Ngoc
name: Doi, Yasuo
name: Eswaraiah, Chakali
name: Falle, Sam
name: Fuller, Gary
name: Furuya, Ray S.
name: Han, Ilseung
name: Hatchell, Jennifer
name: Houde, Martin
name: Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro
name: Johnstone, Doug
name: Kang, Ji-hyun
name: Kang, Miju
name: Kim, Kee-Tae
name: Kirchschlager, Florian
name: Kwon, Jungmi
name: Lee, Chang Won
name: Lee, Chin-Fei
name: Liu, Hong-Li
name: Liu, Tie
name: Lyo, A-Ran
name: Ohashi, Nagayoshi
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Pattle, Kate
name: Sadavoy, Sarah
name: Saito, Hiro
name: Shinnaga, Hiroko
name: Soam, Archana
name: Tahani, Mehrnoosh
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Tang, Ya-Wen
name: Tang, Xindi
name: Zhang, Chuan-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the directions of molecular outflows of 62 low-mass Class 0 and I protostars in nearby (<450 pc) star-forming regions with the mean orientations of the magnetic fields on 0.05-0.5 pc scales in the dense cores/clumps where they are embedded. The magnetic field orientations were measured using the JCMT POL-2 data taken by the BISTRO-1 survey and from the archive. The outflow directions were observed with interferometers in the literature. The observed distribution of the angles between the outflows and the magnetic fields peaks between 15 and 35 degrees. After considering projection effects, our results could suggest that the outflows tend to be misaligned with the magnetic fields by 50+/-15 degrees in three-dimensional space and are less likely (but not ruled out) randomly oriented with respect to the magnetic fields. There is no correlation between the misalignment and the bolometric temperatures in our sample. In several sources, the small-scale (1000-3000 au) magnetic fields is more misaligned with the outflows than their large-scale magnetic fields, suggesting that the small-scale magnetic field has been twisted by the dynamics. In comparison with turbulent MHD simulations of core formation, our observational results are more consistent with models in which the energy densities in the magnetic field and the turbulence of the gas are comparable. Our results also suggest that the misalignment alone cannot sufficiently reduce the efficiency of magnetic braking to enable formation of the observed number of large Keplerian disks with sizes larger than 30-50 au.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures, Accepted by ApJ
Dynamical Interactions and the Black Hole Merger Rate of the Universe
Creators: name: O'Leary, Ryan
name: O'Shaughnessy, Richard
name: Rasio, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary black holes can form efficiently in dense young stellar clusters, such as the progenitors of globular clusters, via a combination of gravitational segregation and cluster evaporation. We use simple analytic arguments supported by detailed N-body simulations to determine how frequently black holes born in a single stellar cluster should form binaries, be ejected from the cluster, and merge through the emission of gravitational radiation. We then convolve this ``transfer function'' relating cluster formation to black hole mergers with (i) the distribution of observed cluster masses and (ii) the star formation history of the universe, assuming that a significant fraction gcl of star formation occurs in clusters and that a significant fraction gcand of clusters undergo this segregation and evaporation process. We predict future ground--based gravitational wave (GW) detectors could observe ~500 (gcl/0.5) (gcand/0.1) double black hole mergers per year, and the presently operating LIGO interferometer would have a chance (50%) at detecting a merger during its first full year of science data. More realistically, advanced LIGO and similar next-generation gravitational wave observatories provide unique opportunities to constrain otherwise inaccessible properties of clusters formed in the early universe.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To appear in PRD Rapid Communications
Dynamics of allosteric transitions in GroEL
Creators: name: Hyeon, Changbong
name: Lorimer, George H.
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chaperonin GroEL-GroES, a machine which helps some proteins to fold, cycles through a number of allosteric states, the $T$ state, with high affinity for substrate proteins (SPs), the ATP-bound $R$ state, and the $R^{\prime\prime}$ ($GroEL-ADP-GroES$) complex. Structures are known for each of these states. Here, we use a self-organized polymer (SOP) model for the GroEL allosteric states and a general structure-based technique to simulate the dynamics of allosteric transitions in two subunits of GroEL and the heptamer. The $T \to R$ transition, in which the apical domains undergo counter-clockwise motion, is mediated by a multiple salt-bridge switch mechanism, in which a series of salt-bridges break and form. The initial event in the $R \to R^{\prime\prime}$ transition, during which GroEL rotates clockwise, involves a spectacular outside-in movement of helices K and L that results in K80-D359 salt-bridge formation. In both the transitions there is considerable heterogeneity in the transition pathways. The transition state ensembles (TSEs) connecting the $T$, $R$, and $R^{\prime\prime}$ states are broad with the the TSE for the $T \to R$ transition being more plastic than the $R\to R^{\prime\prime}$ TSE. The results suggest that GroEL functions as a force-transmitting device in which forces of about (5-30) pN may act on the SP during the reaction cycle.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures (Longer version than the one published)
The twisted open string partition function and Yukawa couplings
Creators: name: Russo, Rodolfo
name: Sciuto, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the operator formalism to derive the bosonic contribution to the twisted open string partition function in toroidal compactifications. This amplitude describes, for instance, the planar interaction between g+1 magnetized or intersecting D-branes. We write the result both in the closed and in the open string channel in terms of Prym differentials on the appropriate Riemann surface. Then we focus on the g=2 case for a 2-torus. By factorizing the twisted partition function in the open string channel we obtain an explicit expression for the 3-twist field correlator, which is the main ingredient in the computation of Yukawa couplings in D-brane phenomenological models. This provides an alternative method for computing these couplings that does not rely on the stress-energy tensor technique.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures, Latex; v2: typos corrected
Fundamental principles and applications of nonlinear optical phenomena in classical and quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Mansuripur, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear optical phenomena play important roles in the vast emerging fields of micro- and nano-technology. This paper describes the general characteristics of nonlinear optical materials and systems, with a focus on parametric amplification, frequency-doubling with pump depletion, quantum noise accompanying attenuation and amplification of light beams, and parametric fluorescence.
description: 15 pages, 55 equations, 3 figures, 20 references
Binary Lenses in OGLE-III EWS Database. Season 2004
Creators: name: Jaroszynski, M.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Kubiak, M.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Zebrun, K.
name: Szewczyk, O.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 19 binary lens candidates from OGLE-III Early Warning System database for the season of 2004. We have also found five events interpreted as single mass lensing of double sources. The candidates have been selected by visual light curves inspection. Examining the models of binary lenses of this and our previous studies (10 caustic crossing events of OGLE-II seasons 1997--1999 and 15 binary lens events of OGLE-III seasons 2002--2003) we find one case of extreme mass ratio binary (q ~ 0.005, a known planetary lens OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53) and almost all other models with mass ratios in the range 0.1
description: 27 pages
Production experiment, subject 1
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 49-year-old female. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
GIA-Net: Global Information Aware Network for Low-light Imaging
Creators: name: Meng, Zibo
name: Xu, Runsheng
name: Ho, Chiu Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is extremely challenging to acquire perceptually plausible images under low-light conditions due to low SNR. Most recently, U-Nets have shown promising results for low-light imaging. However, vanilla U-Nets generate images with artifacts such as color inconsistency due to the lack of global color information. In this paper, we propose a global information aware (GIA) module, which is capable of extracting and integrating the global information into the network to improve the performance of low-light imaging. The GIA module can be inserted into a vanilla U-Net with negligible extra learnable parameters or computational cost. Moreover, a GIA-Net is constructed, trained and evaluated on a large scale real-world low-light imaging dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed GIA-Net outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of four metrics, including deep metrics that measure perceptual similarities. Extensive ablation studies have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed GIA-Net for low-light imaging by utilizing global information.
description: 16 pages 6 figures; accepted to AIM at ECCV 2020