cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Partition Threshold Collapse and Modular Congruences in Classical Number Theory
Creators: name: Fernandes, Ricardo Miguel Machado
Publisher: name: Ricardo Miguel Machado Fernandes
Year: 2025
Subjects: Partition Function
Modular Congruences
Curvature Collapse
Number Theory
Discrete Analysis
Structural Heuristics
Ramanujan Congruences

description: This study proposes that local curvature minima in the partition function p(n)p(n)p(n) are associated with modular congruence phenomena. Analyzing second discrete differences up to n=5000n=5000n=5000, we observe that known congruences (mod 5, 7, 11) align with curvature-collapse points. Furthermore, the method suggests potential hidden congruences at larger primes such as 17, 19, 23, 29, and beyond. This introduces the Partition Threshold Collapse Conjecture as a structural explanation for modular congruence behavior in combinatorial number theory.
A Cesàro Average of generalised Hardy-Littlewood numbers
Creators: name: Languasco, Alessandro
name: Zaccagnini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We continue our recent work on additive problems with prime summands: we already studied the \emph{average} number of representations of an integer as a sum of two primes, and also considered individual integers. Furthermore, we dealt with representations of integers as sums of powers of prime numbers. In this paper, we study a Cesàro weighted partial \emph{explicit} formula for generalised Hardy-Littlewood numbers (integers that can be written as a sum of a prime power and a square) thus extending and improving our earlier results.
description: to appear in Kodai Mathematical Journal. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.0255
Measurement of the Multi-TeV gamma-ray Flare-Spectra of Markarian 421 and Markarian 501
Creators: name: Krennrich, F.
name: Biller, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy spectrum of Markarian~421 in flaring states has been measured from 0.3 to 10 TeV using both small zenith angle and large zenith angle observations with the Whipple Observatory 10 m imaging telescope. The large zenith angle technique is useful for extending spectra to high energies, and the extraction of spectra with this technique is discussed. The resulting spectrum of Markarian~421 is fit reasonably well by a simple power-law. This is in contrast to our recently reported spectrum of Markarian 501 which, over a similar energy range, has substantial curvature. The differences in TeV energy spectra of gamma-ray blazars reflect both the physics of the gamma-ray production mechanism and possibly differential absorption effects at the source or in the intergalactic medium. Since Markarian~421 and Markarian~501 have almost the same redshift (0.031 and 0.033 respectively), the difference in their energy spectra must be intrinsic to the sources and not due to intergalactic absorption, assuming the intergalactic infrared background is uniform.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, accepted for Publication in ApJ
Profiling the methylome targets of the histone lysine methyltransferase DOT1L
Creators: name: Trainor, Nicole
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Research surrounding the epigenetic regulation of gene expression is gaining momentum, and deservedly so. There are many examples of disease states, including cancers, which are associated with aberrant epigenetic markers, including erroneous protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the histones of chromatin. A particularly attractive area of study is histone lysine methylation, as this is one of the most stable and widely-studied PTMs. The enzyme family responsible for this PTM - the histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) – are highly homologous, and therefore difficult to target selectively. Initial research has been applied to the HKMT, DOT1L, as this enzyme is structurally distinct from other HKMTs. A new proteomic technology has been designed using analogues of the co-factor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM): one of which, is selective for DOT1L. The turnover of the co-factor probes is detectable by mass spectrometry. This work demonstrates validation of the approach, with a view to expanding the technology to seek out potential non-histone targets of DOT1L.
Cosmological Origin for Cosmic Rays Above $10^{19}$ eV
Creators: name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic ray spectrum at $10^{19}{\rm eV}-10^{20}{\rm eV}$, reported by the Fly's Eye and the AGASA experiments, is shown to be consistent with a cosmological distribution of sources of protons, with a power law generation spectrum ${\rm d}\ln N/{\rm d}\ln E=-2.3\pm0.5$ and energy production rate of $4.5\pm1.5\times10^{44}{\rm erg}\ {\rm Mpc}^{-3}\ {\rm yr}^{-1}$. The two events measured above $10^{20}{\rm eV}$ are not inconsistent with this model. Verifying the existence of a ``black-body cutoff'', currently observed with low significance, would require $\sim30$ observation-years with existing experiments, but only $\sim1$ year with the proposed $\sim5000\ {\rm km}^2$ detectors. For a cosmological source distribution, no anisotropy is expected in the angular distribution of events with energies up to $\sim5\times10^{19}{\rm eV}$.
description: uuencoded gz-compressed postscript file, including 2 figures; To appear in the October 10 (1995) issue of the Ap. J. Letters
The Growth Rate of Tidally Excited Waves in Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Vishniac, Ethan T.
name: Zhang, Changsong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion disks in close binary systems are subject to a tidally driven parametric instability which leads to the growth of internal waves near the outer edges of such disks (Goodman 1993). These waves are important in understanding the torque exerted on a disk by tidal forces and may play a role in the structure of the disk at small radii. Here we calculate the growth rate of this instability, including the effects of vertical structure and fluid compressibility. We find growth rates which are only slightly different from Goodman's original results, except that near the vertical resonance radius the growth rate can have an extremely broad and strong peak when the disk is stably stratified in the vertical direction. Higher order modes, in the sense of increasing number of vertical nodes, have similar growth rates. Our results differ from a previous calculation along these lines by Lubow et al. (1993). The difference is mostly due to their neglect of radial gradients in the tidally distorted streamlines.
description: LaTeX (aastex)
Automated construction of symmetrized Wannier-like tight-binding models from ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Gresch, Dominik
name: Wu, QuanSheng
name: Winkler, Georg W.
name: Häuselmann, Rico
name: Troyer, Matthias
name: Soluyanov, Alexey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wannier tight-binding models are effective models constructed from first-principles calculations. As such, they bridge a gap between the accuracy of first-principles calculations and the computational simplicity of effective models. In this work, we extend the existing methodology of creating Wannier tight-binding models from first-principles calculations by introducing the symmetrization post-processing step, which enables the production of Wannier-like models that respect the symmetries of the considered crystal. Furthermore, we implement automatic workflows, which allow for producing a large number of tight-binding models for large classes of chemically and structurally similar compounds, or materials subject to external influence such as strain. As a particular illustration, these workflows are applied to strained III-V semiconductor materials. These results can be used for further study of topological phase transitions in III-V quantum wells.
The Distances of the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Walker, Alistair R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present status of our knowledge of the distances to the Magellanic Clouds is evaluated from a post-Hipparcos perspective. After a brief summary of the effects of structure, reddening, age and metallicity, the primary distance indicators for the Large Magellanic Cloud are reviewed: The SN 1987A ring, Cepheids, RR Lyraes, Mira variables, and Eclipsing Binaries. Distances derived via these methods are weighted and combined to produce final "best" estimates for the Magellanic Clouds distance moduli.
description: Invited review article to appear in ``Post Hipparcos Cosmic Candles'', F. Caputo & A. Heck (Eds.), Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, in press
Real-time Detection of Gravitational Microlensing
Creators: name: Pratt, M. R.
name: Alcock, C.
name: Allsman, R. A.
name: Alves, D.
name: Axelrod, T. S.
name: Becker, A.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Cook, K. H.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Griest, K.
name: Guern, J.
name: Lehner, M.
name: Marshall, S. L.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Quinn, P. J.
name: Reiss, D.
name: Rodgers, A. W.
name: Stubbs, C.
name: Sutherland, W.
name: Welch, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real-time detection of microlensing has moved from proof of concept in 1994 to a steady stream of events this year. Global dissemination of these events by the MACHO and OGLE collaborations has made possible intensive photometric and spectroscopic followup from widely dispersed sites confirming the microlensing hypothesis. Improved photometry and increased temporal resolution from followup observations greatly increases the possibility of detecting deviations from the standard point-source, point-lens, inertial motion microlensing model. These deviations are crucial in understanding individual lensing systems by breaking the degeneracy between lens mass, position and velocity. We report here on GMAN (Global Microlensing Alert Network), the coordinated followup of MACHO alerts.
description: 6 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript, to appear int the Proceedings of the IAU Symposium 173: "Astrophysical Applications of Gravitational Lensing'', Kluwer Academic Publishers, Eds.: C. S. Kochanek and J. N. Hewitt
Legal and Ethics Management Report of the IntelComp H2020 project
Creators: name: Miller International Knowledge S.L.
name: Bethe, Thorben
name: Sanmartin, Joseba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This deliverable explains how ethical and legal issues have been managed along the project. It considers how the legal aspects of the data affect the interaction of IntelComp with content providers (commercial or public) and users. It also adresses the ethics requirements of the project, in particular, the involvement of human participants.
Additional file 3: of Transcriptome dynamics of rooting zone and aboveground parts of cuttings during adventitious root formation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don
Creators: name: Fukuda, Yuki
name: Hirao, Tomonori
name: Mishima, Kentaro
name: Ohira, Mineko
name: Hiraoka, Yuichiro
name: Takahashi, Makoto
name: Watanabe, Atsushi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S3. Validation of microarray data by qRT-PCR in needles. Bars represent the means Âą standard errors of the means (SE) for three biological replicates. (DOCX 141 kb)
A NUMA-Aware Provably-Efficient Task-Parallel Platform Based on the Work-First Principle
Creators: name: Deters, Justin
name: Wu, Jiaye
name: Xu, Yifan
name: Lee, I-Ting Angelina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Task parallelism is designed to simplify the task of parallel programming. When executing a task parallel program on modern NUMA architectures, it can fail to scale due to the phenomenon called work inflation, where the overall processing time that multiple cores spend on doing useful work is higher compared to the time required to do the same amount of work on one core, due to effects experienced only during parallel executions such as additional cache misses, remote memory accesses, and memory bandwidth issues. It's possible to mitigate work inflation by co-locating the computation with the data, but this is nontrivial to do with task parallel programs. First, by design, the scheduling for task parallel programs is automated, giving the user little control over where the computation is performed. Second, the platforms tend to employ work stealing, which provides strong theoretical guarantees, but its randomized protocol for load balancing does not discern between work items that are far away versus ones that are closer. In this work, we propose NUMA-WS, a NUMA-aware task parallel platform engineering based on the work-first principle. By abiding by the work-first principle, we are able to obtain a platform that is work efficient, provides the same theoretical guarantees as the classic work stealing scheduler, and mitigates work inflation. Furthermore, we implemented a prototype platform by modifying Intel's Cilk Plus runtime system and empirically demonstrate that the resulting system is work efficient and scalable.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
AUTHORITY, GENDER AND KNOWLEDGE: THEORETICAL REFLECTIONS ON THE PRACTICE OF PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL
Creators: name: Mosse, David
name: Mosse, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) methods in India are increasingly taken up by public sector organisations as well as by NGOs among whom they have been pioneered. While PRA methods are successfully employed in a variety of project planning contexts — and with increasing sophistication — in other situations, the practice of PRA faces constraints. This paper examines the constraints as experienced in the early stages of one project, and suggests some more general issues which these point to. In particular, it is suggested that as participatory exercises, PRAs involve 'public' social events which construct 'local knowledge' in ways which are strongly influenced by existing social relationships. The paper suggests that information for planning is shaped by relations of power and gender, and by the investigators themselves; and that certain kinds of knowledge are often excluded. The paper is not, however, to be read as a generalised critique of PRA. Social dominance and gender are not universally experienced as constraints in the practice of PRA. The paper arises from a particular moment in one project's own critical analysis of its methods. In this sense it is not a conclusion or a judgement, but an indication of the continuing need for context-specific methodological adaptation, especially as PRA is more widely employed in the public sector. Finally, the paper suggests that as a method for articulating existing local knowledge, PRA needs to be complemented by other methods of 'participation' which generate the changed awareness and new ways of knowing, which are necessary to locally-controlled innovation and change.
Limiting Measure of Lee--Yang Zeros for the Cayley Tree
Creators: name: Chio, Ivan
name: He, Caleb
name: Ji, Anthony L.
name: Roeder, Roland K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B20, 37D30, 37E10

description: This paper is devoted to an in-depth study of the limiting measure of Lee--Yang zeroes for the Ising Model on the Cayley Tree. We build on previous works of Müller-Hartmann-Zittartz (1974 and 1977), Barata--Marchetti (1997), and Barata--Goldbaum (2001), to determine the support of the limiting measure, prove that the limiting measure is not absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, and determine the pointwise dimension of the measure at Lebesgue a.e. point on the unit circle and every temperature. The latter is related to the critical exponents for the phase transitions in the model as one crosses the unit circle at Lebesgue a.e. point, providing a global version of the "phase transition of continuous order" discovered by Müller-Hartmann-Zittartz. The key techniques are from dynamical systems because there is an explicit formula for the Lee-Yang zeros of the finite Cayley Tree of level $n$ in terms of the $n$-th iterate of an expanding Blaschke Product. A subtlety arises because the conjugacies between Blaschke Products at different parameter values are not absolutely continuous.
description: Final Version accepted to appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics (some easy proofs that were cut from the published version are still presented here)
Additional file 3: of All-in-one adeno-associated virus delivery and genome editing by Neisseria meningitidis Cas9 in vivo
Creators: name: Ibraheim, Raed
name: Song, Chun-Qing
name: Mir, Aamir
name: Amrani, Nadia
name: Xue, Wen
name: Sontheimer, Erik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Contains Protospacer sequences, TIDE Primers sequences, and Deep-sequencing Primers sequences. (PDF 69 kb)
The first generation of stars: first steps towards chemical evolution of galaxies
Creators: name: Audouze, Jean
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that extreme metal-poor stars show a high dispersion in metallicity, because their abundances are the outcome of very few supernova events. Abundance anomalies should appear because of the discrete range of progenitor masses. There is a natural metallicity threshold of $Z/Z_\odot\sim 10^{-4}$ below which one would expect to find very few, if any, halo stars. Similar reasoning is applied to lower mass systems, such as metal-poor compact blue galaxies and Lyman alpha absorption line clouds seen towards high redshift quasars, where a somewhat higher threshold is inferred.
description: 7 pages of plain TEX, no figures, to appear in Astrophysical Journal Letters
Host Galaxy Contribution to the Colours of `Red' Quasars
Creators: name: Masci, Frank J.
name: Webster, Rachel L.
name: Francis, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an algorithm that measures self-consistently the relative galaxy contribution in a sample of radio-quasars from their optical spectra alone. This is based on a spectral fitting method which uses the size of the characteristic 4000Å~ feature of elliptical galaxy SEDs. We apply this method to the Parkes Half-Jansky Flat Spectrum sample of Drinkwater et al. (1997) to determine whether emission from the host galaxy can significantly contribute to the very red optical-to-near-infrared colours observed. We find that at around $2σ$ confidence, most of the reddening in unresolved (mostly quasar-like) sources is unlikely to be due to contamination by a red stellar component.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for Publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional file 2: of Transcriptome dynamics of rooting zone and aboveground parts of cuttings during adventitious root formation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don
Creators: name: Fukuda, Yuki
name: Hirao, Tomonori
name: Mishima, Kentaro
name: Ohira, Mineko
name: Hiraoka, Yuichiro
name: Takahashi, Makoto
name: Watanabe, Atsushi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S2. Validation of microarray data by qRT-PCR in the middle. Bars represent the means Âą standard errors of the means (SE) for three biological replicates. (DOCX 143 kb)
Ovis aries subsp. anglica Linnaeus, 1758, subspec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Ovis
Ovis aries
Ovis aries subsp. anglica

description: Ovis aries subsp. anglica [subspec. nov.]
mutica, cauda scrotoque ad genua pendulis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 70, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 2: of All-in-one adeno-associated virus delivery and genome editing by Neisseria meningitidis Cas9 in vivo
Creators: name: Ibraheim, Raed
name: Song, Chun-Qing
name: Mir, Aamir
name: Amrani, Nadia
name: Xue, Wen
name: Sontheimer, Erik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Nucleotide sequence of all-in-one AAV-sgRNA-hNmeCas9 Plasmid. (PDF 59 kb)
ME AND MY SHADOW: ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF THE U.S. UNDERGROUND ECONOMY FROM TIME SERIES DATA
Creators: name: Aigner, Dennis
name: Schneider, Friedrich
name: Ghosh, Damayanti
name: Aigner, Dennis
name: Schneider, Friedrich
name: Ghosh, Damayanti
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Estimating the magnitude of the shadow economy in the U.S. and various European countries has been a topic of some interest since the late 1970's. Several indicators (measurements) have been proposed and attempts have been made to link the magnitude of the shadow economy (as a percentage of GNP) to causal variables such as the tax rate on personal income, the extent of government regulation in the conduct of business, etc. These attempts, while provocative in their findings, do not recognize (with but one exception) the obvious latent structure involved in this estimation problem. No one has yet attempted to estimate a latent variable model for the shadow economy using time series data. In this paper we construct and estimate a dynamic latent variable model of the MIMIC form (multiple indicators, multiple causes, one latent variable) on annual U.S. data covering the period 1939-82. A number of different specifications are considered. The maximum likelihood estimation procedure is patterned after a method used by Engle and Watson. It involves a first-stage Kalman filter followed by an application of the EM algorithm. As to substantive results, we find that the autoregressive structure in the latent variable and serial correlation in the measurement equation errors are responsible for much of the "action". Among the causal factors considered, tax "burden" and "tax morality" are statistically significant with a positive influence on the magnitude of the shadow economy in many of the models we present. Some of the available indicators are clearly more important than others, as measured by the estimated coefficients that link them to the shadow economy. Finally, prediction of the size of the shadow economy from our models indicates a minimum in the mid-sixties, growing to upwards of 29% of official GNP by 1982.
Ownership and Innovation in Chinese solar photovoltaic firms: an analysis of the effects of state, private, and foreign shareholding on patenting performance
Creators: name: Tylecote, Radomir
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This thesis is a quantitative study of the effect of ownership – by state, private and foreign shareholdings – on innovation by China’s solar photovoltaic (PV) firms. Using the country’s solar PV industry, I seek to explain the impact of proportions of these different types of shareholding (and within the state category shareholding by central, provincial, and municipal governments) on innovative capacity. This capacity is measured by firms’ rates and qualities of patenting. As Chinese economic growth falters, amid the “re-shoring” of certain manufacturing capabilities, the role of the state, and whether it is helping or hindering its economy’s – and Chinese firms’ – technological upgrading, is a vital question. This is particularly true in high-tech sectors, including solar PV, which the Chinese government deems essential for the country’s continuing economic growth. Through the solar PV industry, we investigate the role of the state, and how it is helping or hindering Chinese companies’ innovation. We employ a dataset covering 150 solar photovoltaic firms. This combines current and historical shareholding data for each firm, R&D expenditure data, and the firms’ patent output (all Chinese-registered patents and their related foreign registrations). The thesis employs a principal-agent theoretical template for the unique Chinese politico-economic context, developing this theoretical approach for the particular “multi-principal” scenario in Chinese high-tech firms (here we refer not only to the combinations of private and state principals, but also to the impact of local against central government). We demonstrate that higher state shareholding leads to higher R&D spending relative to the size of solar PV firms; among state shareholding, local state ownership is shown to be better than central state ownership at generating innovation (which we measure as patent performance). Firms that combine private and state shareholding, especially minority state-owned firms, are superior innovators than purely private or purely state-owned firms. For particularly innovative patenting, foreign shareholding was found to be beneficial, and finally, central state ownership was more likely to lead to the generation of the less challenging types of solar PV technologies, whereas local state ownership was more likely to lead to “core” PV technologies being patented.
Comments on the gravitational lensing magnification
Creators: name: Hamana, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We rederive a relation between gravitational lensing magnification relative to the standard Friedmann distance and one relative to the Dyer-Roeder distance by investigating the null geodesic deviation equation. We show that the relation comes from a natural consequence of the definition of the lensing magnification matrices and is not based on the averaging of the magnifications, which has conventionally been used to derive it. We therefore conclude that the relation is true for each individual ray bundle.
description: 6 pages, no figures, LaTex using ptptex.sty and ptp-text.sty
Additional file 1: of All-in-one adeno-associated virus delivery and genome editing by Neisseria meningitidis Cas9 in vivo
Creators: name: Ibraheim, Raed
name: Song, Chun-Qing
name: Mir, Aamir
name: Amrani, Nadia
name: Xue, Wen
name: Sontheimer, Erik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Figure S1. Genome-wide computational prediction of NmeCas9 off-target sites using CRISPRseek with the N4GN3 PAM. Search parameters were set to identify sites with up to six mismatches to the spacer sequence. The total number of detected off-target sites for each protospacer is indicated. Figure S2. Stacked histogram showing the percentage distribution of indels obtained by TIDE after AAV-sgRNA-hNmeCas9 plasmids transfections in Hepa1–6. Error bars represent three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Figure S3. H&E staining from wild-type (Fah+/+) mouse, and HT-I mice (Fah−/−) injected with PBS or AAV-sgRNA-hNmeCas9 plasmids sgHpd1 or sgHpd2. Scale bar is 20 μm. Figure S4. Humoral IgG1 immune response to NmeCas9 in vivo. Serum collected at day 50 post injection with all-in-one AAV8-sgRNA-hNmeCas9 sgPcsk9 and sgRosa26. Serum antibodies reacted against NmeCas9 protein (left) or SpyCas9 protein (right). Figure S5. H&E staining from PBS, sgPcsk9, and sgRosa26 AAV8 injected mice. Scale bar is 20 μm. (PDF 713 kb)
X-ray Observation and Analysis of The Composite Supernova Remnant G327.1-1.1
Creators: name: Sun, Ming
name: Wang, Zhen-ru
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the data from the observation of the SNR G327.1-1.1 by ASCA and ROSAT, we find that G327.1-1.1 is a composite remnant with both a nonthermal emission component and a diffuse thermal emission component. The nonthermal component is well fitted by a power-law model with photon index about 2.2. This component is attributed to the emission from the synchrotron nebula powered by an undiscovered central pulsar. The thermal component has a temperature of about 0.4 keV. We attribute it to the emission from the shock-heat swept-up ISM. Its age, explosion energy and density of ambient medium are derived from the observed thermal component. Some charactistics about the synchrotron nebula are also derived. We search for the pulsed signal, but has not found it. The soft X-ray(0.4 - 2 keV) and hard X-ray(2 - 10 keV) images are different, but they both elongate in the SE-NW direction. And this X-ray SE-NW elongation is in positional coincidence with the radio ridge in MOST 843MHz radio map. We present a possibility that the X-ray nonthermal emission mainly come from the trail produced by a quickly moving undiscoverd pulsar, and the long radio ridge is formed when the pulsar is moving out of the boundary of the plerionic structure.
description: 20 pages, 4 Postscript figures, aasms4.sty and psfig.sty, to be published in Astrophysical Journal, January 20, 1999, Vol. 511
Conscious Learning Machines (Introductory) Paper
Creators: name: Billions, Ava
name: Knight, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Abstract

This paper introduces a novel new approach to machine learning, termed Conscious Learning (CL) Machines, which aims to more accurately model the human brain’s hierarchical structure and function. The proposed Conscious Learning (CL) Machines utilize a revolutionary b-neuron cluster design, incorporating principles from the Internet of Things (IoT), to create a more efficient, effective, and potentially transformative Machine Learning system. This paper discusses the design of the b-neuron cluster, its significant advantages over current Deep Learning practices, and the exciting potential implications for performance, discovery, and applications in cutting-edge fields like generative AI and robotics.

Introduction

Deep Learning has revolutionized the field of machine learning, enabling unprecedented advancements in areas such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. However, current Deep Learning models, which typically use a single type of neuron(perceptron) and heavily centralized processing, may not fully capture the complexity and diversity of the human brain. In contrast, the proposed Conscious Learning(CL) Machines utilize a b-neuron cluster design, where each digital neuron in the cluster mimics a different type of biological neuron.
TMPC-property relationship of strong steels
Creators: name: Rahnama, Alireza
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: A method based on the kinetics of crystal growth has been developed and applied to the computation of three-dimensional microstructure in austenite-matensite steels. The model takes into account the phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography which can predict the shape and orientations of martensite precisely. The interaction energy based on the plastic work model is taken into account to compute the variant selection in an austenitic stainless steel and formation of martensite under externally applied stress. This method is programmed in C++ and visualized with an in-house software AcaVisual. This model is able to deal with every circumstance where the shape deformation due to martensitic transformation is defined, provided that detailed crystallographic data is available. To further investigate the processing-microstructure-property relationship in strong steel, a low carbon steel has been selected to study its microstructure and property evolution under various processing conditions. It is found that the interlamellar spacing increases as the number of pulses increases. The addition of energy change due to electropulsing to the interfacial energy is thought to be responsible for the increase in the spacing. It is noted that after a critical number of applied pulses, the interlamellar spacing remains invariant to the further electropulsing. Mechanical properties are examined as functions of the number of pulses and interlamellar spacing. It is shown that softening occurs after 1000 times of current pulses which is attributed to the spheroidisation of the lamellar structure. The present work also reports the experimental observation of electropulse-induced microstructural evolution in a ferritic-pearlitic steel at ambient temperature. Electropulsing treatment leads to the formation of new cementite plates aligned with the current direction. These effects are attributed to the reduction of the system free energy. It was thought that the enhancement of carbon diffusivity, the generation of vacancies, and the reduction of electrical resistance under electropulsing are factors that cannot be neglected.
Conscious Learning Machines (Introductory) Paper
Creators: name: Billions, Ava
name: Knight, Chris
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract

This paper introduces a novel new approach to machine learning, termed Conscious Learning (CL) Machines, which aims to more accurately model the human brain’s hierarchical structure and function. The proposed Conscious Learning (CL) Machines utilize a revolutionary b-neuron cluster design, incorporating principles from the Internet of Things (IoT), to create a more efficient, effective, and potentially transformative Machine Learning system. This paper discusses the design of the b-neuron cluster, its significant advantages over current Deep Learning practices, and the exciting potential implications for performance, discovery, and applications in cutting-edge fields like generative AI and robotics.

Introduction

Deep Learning has revolutionized the field of machine learning, enabling unprecedented advancements in areas such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. However, current Deep Learning models, which typically use a single type of neuron(perceptron) and heavily centralized processing, may not fully capture the complexity and diversity of the human brain. In contrast, the proposed Conscious Learning(CL) Machines utilize a b-neuron cluster design, where each digital neuron in the cluster mimics a different type of biological neuron.
Asymptotics of forward implied volatility
Creators: name: Roome, Patrick
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: We study asymptotics of forward-start option prices and the forward implied volatility smile using the theory of sharp large deviations (and refinements). In Chapter 1 we give some intuition and insight into forward volatility and provide motivation for the study of forward smile asymptotics. We numerically analyse no-arbitrage bounds for the forward smile given calibration to the marginal distributions using (martingale) optimal transport theory. Furthermore, we derive several representations of forward-start option prices, analyse various measure-change symmetries and explore asymptotics of the forward smile for small and large forward-start dates. In Chapter 2 we derive a general closed-form expansion formula (including large-maturity and `diagonal' small-maturity asymptotics) for the forward smile in a large class of models including the Heston and Schobel-Zhu stochastic volatility models and time-changed exponential Levy models. In Chapter 3 we prove that the out-of-the-money small-maturity forward smile explodes in the Heston model and a separate model-independent analysis shows that the at-the-money small-maturity limit is well defined for any Ito diffusion.Chapter 4 provides a full characterisation of the large-maturity forward smile in the Heston model. Although the leading-order decay is provided by a fairly classical large deviations behaviour, the algebraic expansion providing the higher-order terms depends highly on the parameters, and different powers of the maturity come into play. Classical (Ito diffusions) stochastic volatility models are not able to capture the steepness of small-maturity (spot) implied volatility smiles. Models with jumps, exhibiting small-maturity exploding smiles, have historically been proposed as an alternative. A recent breakthrough was made by Gatheral, Jaisson and Rosenbaum, who proposed to replace the Brownian driver of the instantaneous volatility by a short-memory fractional Brownian motion, which is able to capture the short-maturity steepness while preserving path continuity. In Chapter 5 we suggest a different route, randomising the Black-Scholes variance by a CEV-generated distribution, which allows us to modulate the rate of explosion (through the CEV exponent) of the implied volatility for small maturities. The range of rates includes behaviours similar to exponential Levy models and fractional stochastic volatility models. As a by-product, we make a conjecture on the small-maturity forward smile asymptotics of stochastic volatility models, in exact agreement with the results in Chapter 3 for Heston.
Structure, redox and transport properties of acceptor doped cerium niobates
Creators: name: Harris, Cassandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: In the search for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materials, which exhibit improved oxide ion conductivity at lower temperatures, attention has recently been focussed towards materials with atypical structural chemistry and diffusion pathways. For example high oxygen diffusivity is reported in fergusonite structured CeNbO4+δ, which can incorporate a range of oxygen excess stoichiometries by oxidation of Ce3+ to Ce4+ and as a result, four commensurate or incommensurately modulated superstructures of the monoclinic parent cell are possible. An alternative strategy to reduce migration energy barriers is to change the charge carrier from oxide ions to protons, and through the introduction of oxide ion vacancies, develop materials that can conduct both species through a O2(g)/H+(g) partial pressure dependence. Alkaline earth doped rare earth niobates RE1-xAxNbO4-δ (RE=La, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er A=Ca, Sr, Ba) have been shown to exhibit proton conductivities that can be maintained to much higher temperatures compared to traditional perovskite materials, with reported stability to both protonic and acidic media. However they are hindered by low dopant solubility, and an intermediate temperature monoclinic to tetragonal phase transition that is problematic for device applications. Owing to the unique structural and redox behaviours of the cerium analogue of the RENbO4 series, this worked aimed to investigate the transport properties of acceptor doped Ca1-xAxNbO4±δ. This work has shown that Ce1-xAxNbO4±δ can cycle between oxygen hyper- and hypostoichiometry, and in the process alternate between mixed electronic interstitial oxide ion conduction, and (mixed electronic) protonic conduction respectively. Under both oxidising and reducing conditions the conductivity increases by over one order of magnitude relative to both CeNbO4+δ and the most protonically conductive of the series La1-xAxNbO4-δ respectively. This is a result of the greater solid solubility of strontium and calcium in CeNbO4+δ, relative to LaNbO4 (1-2%), and is speculated to arise from the charge compensation mechanism of electron hole formation via Ce3+-Ce4+ oxidation, where the change in both cerium valance and coordination may act to stabilise the dopant. The likelihood of electronic charge carriers in the hypostoichiometric phases of Ca1-xAxNbO4±δ, is of interest due to limited number of mixed proton-electron conductors if the properties can be optimised further. Furthermore the transition temperature raises from ~520 °C to ~650 °C on exchange of lanthanum with cerium. Unusually the hyperstoichiometric phases are also suggested to show proton conductivity, indicating Ca1-xAxNbO4±δ may exhibit more unusual defect reactions.
Failure of Kohn's theorem and the apparent failure of the $f$-sum rule in intrinsic Dirac-Weyl materials in the presence of a filled Fermi sea
Creators: name: Throckmorton, Robert E.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kohn's theorem and the $f$-sum rule are powerful theorems, the first applying to translationally invariant single-band electronic systems with parabolic electronic dispersion relations and the second applying to materials in general, that impose restrictions on the effects of electron-electron interactions on electrical conductivity and on dielectric response, respectively. We show rigorously that Kohn's theorem does not hold for intrinsic Dirac-Weyl materials with filled Fermi seas where the chemical potential is pinned at the band touching points. We also demonstrate that the low-energy effective "relativistic" theories used in many-body studies of these materials violate the $f$-sum rule due to the neglect of the full band structure of the materials in the effective low-energy relativistic approximations.
description: 8.5 pages. Slight change to the title and rewriting of the text to clarify that the (apparent) breakdown of the $f$-sum rule described therein is due to the use of a low-energy effective theory. Published in Phys. Rev. B; this is the published version
Steady-state solvers for stability analysis of vortex dominated flows
Creators: name: Jordi, Bastien
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: To compute stability analysis numerically with high accuracy, it is crucial to carefully choose the base flow around which the governing equations will be linearised. The steady-state solution is mathematically appropriate because it is a genuine solution of the fluid motion equations. In this thesis we introduce an encapsulated formulation of the selective frequency damping (SFD) method. The SFD method is an alternative to Newton’s method to obtain unstable equilibria of dynamical systems. In its encapsulated formulation, the SFD method makes use of splitting methods, which means that it can be wrapped around an existing time-stepping code as a “black box”. This largely simplifies the implementation of a steady-state solver into an already existing unsteady code. However this method has two main limitations: it does not converge for arbitrary control parameters; and when it does, it may take a very long time to reach a steady-state solution. Hence we also present an adaptive algorithm to address these two issues. We show that by evaluating the dominant eigenvalue of a “partially converged” steady flow, we can select SFD parameters that ensure an optimum convergence of the method. We apply this adaptive method to several classical two-dimensional test cases of computational fluid dynamics and we show that a steady-state solution can be obtained with a very limited (or without any) a priori knowledge of the flow stability properties. Eventually, we study the three-dimensional behaviour of the interaction between two identical co-rotating trailing vortices. We use the SFD method to obtain steady base flows and compute Tri-Global stability analysis. We show that there is a fundamental qualitative difference between the least stable eigenmode observed at Re = 250 and the most unstable eigenmode obtained at Re = 600.
Transient luminescence spectroscopy of dialkylRu(bpy)32+-citratoperoxotitanate-dialykylviologen triad LB film deposited on quartz slab waveguide
Creators: name: Usami, Hisanao
name: Konishi, Suguru
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Amphiphilic Ru(bpy)32+ complex (DC17Ru)—citratoperoxotitanate (CPT) —ditetradecylviologen (DC14V) triad nano-film was fabricated on quartz slab optical waveguide by organic-inorganic hybrid Langmuir-Blodgett method. Transient phosphorescence of the DC17Ru monolayer at 610 nm excited by 532 nm pulsed laser was observed by SOWG spectroscopy. The phosphorescence was partly quenched by the CPT layer and the quenching was enhanced by the DC14V monolayer underneath the CPT layer in the DC17Ru-CPT nano-film. Energy levels of the components, DC17Ru, CPT and DC14V suggests an exergonic cascade electron transfer mechanism from the excited state of DC17Ru to DC14V via the CPT.