cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal observables and lightcone-averaging in relativistic thermodynamics
Creators: name: Dunkel, Jörn
name: Hänggi, Peter
name: Hilbert, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unification of relativity and thermodynamics has been a subject of considerable debate over the last 100 years. The reasons for this are twofold: (i) Thermodynamic variables are nonlocal quantities and, thus, single out a preferred class of hyperplanes in spacetime. (ii) There exist different, seemingly equally plausible ways of defining heat and work in relativistic systems. These ambiguities led, for example, to various proposals for the Lorentz transformation law of temperature. Traditional 'isochronous' formulations of relativistic thermodynamics are neither theoretically satisfactory nor experimentally feasible. Here, we demonstrate how these deficiencies can be resolved by defining thermodynamic quantities with respect to the backward-lightcone of an observation event. This approach yields novel, testable predictions and allows for a straightforward-extension of thermodynamics to General Relativity. Our theoretical considerations are illustrated through three-dimensional relativistic many-body simulations.
description: typos in Eqs. (12) and (14) corrected, minor additions in the text
Stimulated Raman transitions via multiple atomic levels
Creators: name: Bateman, James
name: Xuereb, André
name: Freegarde, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the stimulated Raman transition between two long-lived states via multiple intermediate states, such as between hyperfine ground states in the alkali-metal atoms. We present a concise treatment of the general, multilevel, off-resonant case, and we show how the lightshift emerges naturally in this approach. We illustrate our results by application to alkali-metal atoms and we make specific reference to cesium. We comment on some artifacts, due solely to the geometrical overlap of states, which are relevant to existing experiments.
description: 8 pages, 2 figure
Chronostratigraphy of silt-dominated Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits on Mt. Ślęża (SW, Poland): Palaeoenvironmental and pedogenic significance
Creators: name: Waroszewski, Jaroslaw
name: Sprafke, Tobias
name: Kabala, Cezary
name: Musztyfaga, Elżbieta
name: Kot, Aleksandra
name: Tsukamoto, Sumiko
name: Frechen, Manfred
Publisher: name: New York, NY [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Loess
subject: OSL dating
subject: Pedogenesis
subject: Quaternary
subject: Slope sediments
subject: 910
subject: 550

description: Slope deposits with aeolian silt admixture are a widespread parent material of soils in the temperate zone but may be neglected when rates of soil production are quantified. The concept of periglacial cover beds differentiates slope deposits with or without aeolian silt admixture; yet there is a remaining debate on processes and the timing of their formation. A previous study done by us at Mt. Ślęża, SW Poland, concluded that slope deposits with variable aeolian silt admixture, or its lack, have a significant influence on the pathway of soil formation. The present work builds upon this finding, by adding further granulometric and micromorphological data from three representative profiles along a toposequence, in order to refine our understanding of local slope deposits and soil formation. Additionally, seven numerical ages using luminescence dating provide a chronological framework for our reconstructions and allow linking the forming processes of these pedosedimentary records to regional palaeoenvironmental conditions. The oldest aeolian deposits are of Middle Pleistocene age (>280 ± 19 ka) with interlayered palaeosol (marine isotope stage [MIS] 9 or older). Late Pleistocene slope deposits encompass the maximum loess thickness and are dated to MIS 2. Luminescence ages from the upper layers indicate shallow reworking, which we tentatively correlate to the Younger Dryas (YD). Two profiles with thick loess mantles have strong clay illuviation features, presumably formed during the Holocene. However, weak clay illuviation in the third profile with a thin loess mantle (having an age of YD) over granite regolith seems to have occurred before the Holocene, as only fragmented clay coatings (probably MIS 2 pedogenesis) could be found. © 2020 The Authors
Unconventional superconductivity on a topological insulator
Creators: name: Linder, Jacob
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Yokoyama, Takehito
name: Sudbø, Asle
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study proximity-induced superconductivity on the surface of a topological insulator (TI), focusing on unconventional pairing. We find that the excitation spectrum becomes gapless for any spin-triplet pairing, such that both subgap bound states and Andreev reflection is strongly suppressed. For spin-singlet pairing, the zero-energy surface state in the $d_{xy}$-wave case becomes a Majorana fermion, in contrast to the situation realized in the topologically trivial high-$T_c$ cuprates. We also study the influence of a Zeeman field on the surface states. Both the magnitude and direction of this field is shown to strongly influence the transport properties, in contrast to the case without TI. We predict an experimental signature of the Majorana states via conductance spectroscopy.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
The development of middle school children's interest in statistical literacy
Creators: name: Carmichael, CS
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The focus of the study is interest and its influence as a motivating factor on adolescent children. Interest has a pivotal role in determining the extent to which students choose to re-engage in learning material. The dissertation describes the development of an instrument that is suitable for measuring middle school children's interest in statistical literacy, which is an ability to interpret messages containing statistical elements. The Statistical Literacy Interest Measure‚ÄövÑvp (SLIM) is based on theoretical models that are embedded in the motivational literature. From these models, a bank of items was written, reviewed, and tested on a pilot sample of Australian middle school children. Testing and selection of items was undertaken using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (Andrich, 1978). Based on the outcomes of this process, further development of items occurred and they were subsequently retested on a larger sample of Australian middle school students. As a result of the process, 16 self-descriptions were deemed to be suitable for inclusion in the instrument. Students' responses to SLIM and the Self-Efficacy for Statistical Literacy‚ÄövÑvp (SESL) scale, a measure of students' self-efficacy also developed in the study, were used to generate interest and self-efficacy logit scores. A number of statistical models were applied to these scores, as well as achievement and demographic data that were also collected during the study. The results of the study indicate that interpretations based on SLIM will be valid. The measure explained approximately two thirds of the variance in students' responses and reported satisfactory reliability coefficients. The placement of items on the one interest continuum confirmed that there is a meaningful hierarchy associated with the interest construct, in that it commences with the low levels of interest that are associated with task-mastery and increases up to those high levels of interest that are associated with a desire to re-engage with the domain. The modelling process confirmed that in a middle school context, students' self-competency beliefs were a strong predictor of their interest but that interest itself was not a strong predictor of achievement. The inclusion of some teacher and school-related variables in the models suggested that teachers and schools have a greater influence on students' achievement than on their interest. Given the increased emphasis that statistics education now appears to have in the proposed Australian curriculum, SLIM is a timely addition to the repertoires of researchers seeking to explore the development of middle school students' statistical literacy.
LPJmL4 - A dynamic global vegetation model with managed land - Part 2: Model evaluation
Creators: name: Schaphoff, S.
name: Forkel, M.
name: Müller, C.
name: Knauer, J.
name: Von, Bloh
name: Gerten, D.
name: Jägermeyr, J.
name: Lucht, W.
name: Rammig, A.
name: Thonicke, K.
name: Waha, K.
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: agricultural modeling
subject: agrometeorology
subject: environmental change
subject: global perspective
subject: in situ measurement
subject: land use change
subject: model validation
subject: permafrost
subject: phenology
subject: satellite data
subject: seasonal variation
subject: spatiotemporal analysis
subject: vegetation dynamics
subject: 550

description: The dynamic global vegetation model LPJmL4 is a process-based model that simulates climate and land use change impacts on the terrestrial biosphere, agricultural production, and the water and carbon cycle. Different versions of the model have been developed and applied to evaluate the role of natural and managed ecosystems in the Earth system and the potential impacts of global environmental change. A comprehensive model description of the new model version, LPJmL4, is provided in a companion paper (Schaphoff et al., 2018c). Here, we provide a full picture of the model performance, going beyond standard benchmark procedures and give hints on the strengths and shortcomings of the model to identify the need for further model improvement. Specifically, we evaluate LPJmL4 against various datasets from in situ measurement sites, satellite observations, and agricultural yield statistics. We apply a range of metrics to evaluate the quality of the model to simulate stocks and flows of carbon and water in natural and managed ecosystems at different temporal and spatial scales. We show that an advanced phenology scheme improves the simulation of seasonal fluctuations in the atmospheric CO2 concentration, while the permafrost scheme improves estimates of carbon stocks. The full LPJmL4 code including the new developments will be supplied open source through . We hope that this will lead to new model developments and applications that improve the model performance and possibly build up a new understanding of the terrestrial biosphere.
Flexible frontiers for text division into rows
Creators: name: Lacrama, Dan L.
name: Snep, Ioan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an original solution for flexible hand-written text division into rows. Unlike the standard procedure, the proposed method avoids the isolated characters extensions amputation and reduces the recognition error rate in the final stage.
description: 6 pages, exposed on 5th International Conference "Actualities and Perspectives on Hardware and Software" - APHS2009, Timisoara, Romania
Global paths of time-periodic solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation connecting pairs of traveling waves
Creators: name: Ambrose, David M.
name: Wilkening, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q53, 37G15, 37M20, 65K10

description: We classify all bifurcations from traveling waves to non-trivial time-periodic solutions of the Benjamin-Ono equation that are predicted by linearization. We use a spectrally accurate numerical continuation method to study several paths of non-trivial solutions beyond the realm of linear theory. These paths are found to either re-connect with a different traveling wave or to blow up. In the latter case, as the bifurcation parameter approaches a critical value, the amplitude of the initial condition grows without bound and the period approaches zero. We then prove a theorem that gives the mapping from one bifurcation to its counterpart on the other side of the path and exhibits exact formulas for the time-periodic solutions on this path. The Fourier coefficients of these solutions are power sums of a finite number of particle positions whose elementary symmetric functions execute simple orbits (circles or epicycles) in the unit disk of the complex plane. We also find examples of interior bifurcations from these paths of already non-trivial solutions, but we do not attempt to analyze their analytic structure.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures; changed title slightly, added 7 references, changed conjecture to a theorem and proved it, moved some material to appendices
Bd \to π^- K^{(*)+} and Bs \to π^+(ρ^+) K^- decays with QCD factorization and flavor symmetry
Creators: name: Zhu, Guohuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The QCD factorization (QCDF) method usually contains infrared divergences which introduce large model dependence to its predictions on charmless B decays. The amplitudes of charmless B decays can be decomposed into "tree" and "penguin" parts which are conventionally defined, not from the topology of the dominant diagrams, but through their associated CKM factors V_{ub}^* V_{uq} and V_{tb}^* V_{tq}, respectively, with q=d,s. We find that for B_{d,s} \to π^+ K^- decays, the "tree" amplitude can be well estimated in QCDF with small errors, as the endpoint singularities have been canceled to a large extent. With this as the only input from QCDF and combined with flavor symmetry, the branching ratio of B_s \to π^+ K^- are estimated to be significantly larger than the CDF measurement. This contradiction could be solved if the form factor F^{B_s K} is smaller than the light cone sum rules estimation or the "tree" amplitude has been over estimated in QCDF. The latter possibility could happen if charming penguins are nonperturbative and not small, as argued in soft collinear effective theory. To differentiate between these two possibilities, we examine the similar B_s \to ρ^+ K^- decay with the same technique. It is found that a large part of the uncertainties are canceled in the ratio B(B_s \to ρ^+ K^-)/B(B_s \to π^+ K^-). It is predicted to be 2.5 \pm 0.2 in QCDF which is independent on the form factor. However if charming penguins are important, this ratio could be very different from the QCDF prediction. Therefore the ratio of these two branching ratios could be an interesting indicator of the role of charming penguins in charmless B decays.
description: 14 pages, 1 table, version to appear in JHEP
Noncommutative geometry inspired dirty black holes
Creators: name: Nicolini, Piero
name: Spallucci, Euro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a new exact solution of the Einstein equations which generalizes the noncommutative geometry inspired Schwarzschild metric, we previously obtained. We consider here more general relations between the energy density and the radial pressure and find new a geometry describing a regular ``dirty black hole''. We discuss strong and weak energy condition violations and various aspects of the regular dirty black hole thermodynamics.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, title changed, reference list enlarged, reduced version accepted for publication on Classical and Quantum Gravity
Rock Magnetic Cyclostratigraphy of Permian Loess in Eastern Equatorial Pangea (Salagou Formation, South-Central France)
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Lily S.
name: Hinnov, Linda
name: Zeeden, Christian
name: Rolf, Christian
name: Laag, Christian
name: Soreghan, Gerilyn S.
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cyclostratigraphy
subject: loess
subject: magnetic susceptibility
subject: Permian
subject: rock magnetic
subject: 550

description: We present the findings from analysis and modeling of a stratigraphic series of magnetic susceptibility (MS) data measured with a portable MS meter from the Permian Salagou Formation loessite (south-central France). The results reveal discernible Milankovitch-scale paleoclimatic variability throughout the Salagou Formation, recording astronomically forced climate change in deep-time loessite of eastern equatorial Pangea. Optimal sedimentation rates are estimated to have ranged between 9.4 cm/kyr (lower Salagou Formation) and 13 cm/kyr (mid-upper Salagou Formation). A persistent 10-m-thick cyclicity is present that likely represents orbital eccentricity-scale (∼100 kyr) variability through the middle to late Cisuralian (ca. 285—275 Ma). Subordinate, higher frequency cycles with thicknesses of ∼3.3–3.5 and ∼1.8 m appear to represent obliquity and precession-scale variability. If the driver of magnetic enhancement is pedogenic, then the ∼10 m thick cyclicity that is consistent over ∼1000 m of section may represent the thickness of loessite–paleosol couplets in the Salagou Formation. Laboratory rock magnetic data show generally low magnetic enhancement compared to analogous Eurasian Quaternary loess deposits. This is related to the predominance of hematite (substantially weaker signal than magnetite or maghemite) in the Salagou Formation which may be explained by different conditions of formation (e.g., syn depositional processes, more arid, and/or oxidizing climate conditions) than in present Eurasia and/or post depositional oxidation of magnetite and maghemite. © Copyright © 2020 Pfeifer, Hinnov, Zeeden, Rolf, Laag and Soreghan.
Non-intrusive and structure preserving multiscale integration of stiff ODEs, SDEs and Hamiltonian systems with hidden slow dynamics via flow averaging
Creators: name: Tao, Molei
name: Owhadi, Houman
name: Marsden, Jerrold E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65P10, 70K70, 65C30, 65B99

description: We introduce a new class of integrators for stiff ODEs as well as SDEs. These integrators are (i) {\it Multiscale}: they are based on flow averaging and so do not fully resolve the fast variables and have a computational cost determined by slow variables (ii) {\it Versatile}: the method is based on averaging the flows of the given dynamical system (which may have hidden slow and fast processes) instead of averaging the instantaneous drift of assumed separated slow and fast processes. This bypasses the need for identifying explicitly (or numerically) the slow or fast variables (iii) {\it Nonintrusive}: A pre-existing numerical scheme resolving the microscopic time scale can be used as a black box and easily turned into one of the integrators in this paper by turning the large coefficients on over a microscopic timescale and off during a mesoscopic timescale (iv) {\it Convergent over two scales}: strongly over slow processes and in the sense of measures over fast ones. We introduce the related notion of two-scale flow convergence and analyze the convergence of these integrators under the induced topology (v) {\it Structure preserving}: for stiff Hamiltonian systems (possibly on manifolds), they can be made to be symplectic, time-reversible, and symmetry preserving (symmetries are group actions that leave the system invariant) in all variables. They are explicit and applicable to arbitrary stiff potentials (that need not be quadratic). Their application to the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam problems shows accuracy and stability over four orders of magnitude of time scales. For stiff Langevin equations, they are symmetry preserving, time-reversible and Boltzmann-Gibbs reversible, quasi-symplectic on all variables and conformally symplectic with isotropic friction.
description: 69 pages, 21 figures
Environmental & genetic variation in blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.) survival, growth, form & wood properties
Creators: name: Bradbury, GJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.) is a high-quality appearance-grade timber species native to eastern Australia and renowned for its rich heartwood colour. It is grown in plantations in Australia and other countries but with mixed results. This is due in part to variable survival, growth, stem form and wood properties, including heartwood colour. The aim of this project was to determine the potential for genetic improvement of these traits by examining their environmental and genetic control. A review of available genetic resources showed that extensive native population provenance and family seed collections have been made with over 60 progeny trials established in both Australia and overseas. However, there are few published papers, particularly on wood properties. Six family/provenance trials were identified as suitable for use in this project. These mainly contained open-pollinated families from Tasmania. Significant environmental (i.e. trial) and genetic variation in survival, growth, and form were found, with greater genetic variation between families within seed zones than between seed zones. Several mainland provenances were included in some trials and showed that blackwood from tropical Queensland was poorly adapted to survive in cool temperate Tasmania. Narrow-sense heritabilities for early age growth and form were significant, but moderate to low respectively. There were no significant genetic correlations between growth and form traits. Wood properties were measured using stem cores on a sub-sample of 16 Tasmanian families across three 19 year-old trials growing at two sites. One site contained two spatially intermixed trials, with and without a Eucalyptus globulus nurse crop. Significant genetic, environmental and genetic by environmental interactions were 13 found for most wood properties, including heartwood colour. The presence of a nurse crop improved tree form but had an adverse effect on growth and wood colour. Stem diameter was not significantly genetically correlated with any of the wood properties, suggesting that selection for improved growth should not compromise wood properties. While environmental factors clearly affect growth and wood properties, the detection of significant genetic variation in most traits studied indicate that there is clearly potential for genetic improvement of growth, form and wood properties in blackwood.
Probing the weakly-bound neutron orbit of $^{31}$Ne with total reaction and one-neutron removal cross sections
Creators: name: Horiuchi, W.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Capel, P.
name: Baye, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A candidate of a neutron-halo nucleus, $^{31}$Ne, contains a single neutron in the $pf$ shell. Within the Glauber and eikonal models, we analyze reactions used to study $^{31}$Ne. We show in a $^{30}$Ne+n model that the magnitudes of the total reaction and above all of the one-neutron removal cross sections of $^{31}$Ne on $^{12}$C and $^{208}$Pb targets strongly depend on the orbital angular momentum of the neutron, thereby providing us with efficient ways to determine both the spin-parity and structure of the ground state of $^{31}$Ne. Besides these inclusive observables, we also calculate energy and parallel-momentum distributions for the breakup of $^{31}$Ne, and show their strong dependence upon the orbital of the valence neutron in the bound state of $^{31}$Ne.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, recent experimental data included, accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Magnetic susceptibility of the frustrated spinels ZnCr2O4, MgCr2O4 and CdCr2O4
Creators: name: Kant, Ch.
name: Deisenhofer, J.
name: Tsurkan, V.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the magnetic susceptibilities of several Cr spinels using two recent models for the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattice, the Quantum Tetrahedral Mean Field model and a Generalized Constant Coupling model. Both models can describe the experimental data for ACr2 O4 (with A = Zn, Mg, and Cd) satisfactorily, with the former yielding a somewhat better agreement with experiment for A = Zn, Mg. The obtained exchange constants for nearest and next-nearest neighbors are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, conference
Ground instability of sinkhole areas indicated by elastic moduli and seismic attributes
Creators: name: Wadas, S.H.
name: Tschache, S.
name: Polom, U.
name: Krawczyk, C.M.
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: low velocity zone
subject: Poisson's ratio
subject: seismic attributes
subject: shear modulus
subject: sinkhole
subject: subsurface erosion
subject: 550

description: Elastic moduli derived from vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and 2-D SH-wave reflection seismic profiles are used to characterize mechanical properties of rocks in sinkhole areas. VP and VS were used to calculate the Poisson's ratio and the dynamic shear modulus. The study shows that 2-D shear wave reflection seismics is suited to depict the heterogeneities of the subsurface induced by subsurface erosion. Low shear wave velocities of ca. 120-350 m s-1 and low shear strength values between 25 and 250 MPa are identified for the subsurface erosion horizon that consists of soluble Permian evapourites and the disturbed overlying deposits. These low values are a result of cavities and fractures induced by dissolution, creating unstable zones. In compliance with the shear modulus the Poisson's ratio derived from the VSPs shows values of 0.38-0.48 for both the presumed subsurface erosion horizon, and the deposits above. This is a further indicator of reduced underground stability. In the VSPs, anomalies of the shear modulus and the Poisson's ratio correlate with low electrical resistivities of less than 10 ωm from borehole logs, indicating high conductivity due to fluid content. Further investigation reveals a conversion of S-to-P wave for the subsurface erosion horizon, which is probably the result of dipping layers and an oriented fracture network. Seismic attribute analysis of the 2-D sections shows strong attenuation of high frequencies and low similarity of adjacent traces, which correlate with the degree of subsurface erosion induced wave disturbance of the underground. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
Ion-beam modification of the magnetic properties of GaMnAs epilayers
Creators: name: Sinnecker, E. H. C. P.
name: Penello, G. M.
name: Rappoport, T. G.
name: Sant'Anna, M. M.
name: Souza, D. E. R.
name: Pires, M. P.
name: Liu, X.
name: Furdyna, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the controlled introduction of defects in GaMnAs by irradiating the samples with energetic ion beams, which modify the magnetic properties of the DMS. Our study focuses on the low-carrier-density regime, starting with as-grown GaMnAs films and decreasing even further the number of carriers, through a sequence of irradiation doses. We did a systematic study of magnetization as a function of temperature and of the irradiation ion dose. We also performed in-situ room temperature resistivity measurements as a function of the ion dose. We observe that both magnetic and transport properties of the samples can be experimentally manipulated by controlling the ion-beam parameters. For highly irradiated samples, the magnetic measurements indicate the formation of magnetic clusters together with a transition to an insulating state. The experimental data are compared with mean-field calculations for magnetization. The independent control of disorder and carrier density in the calculations allows further insight on the individual role of this two factors in the ion-beam-induced modification of GaMnAs.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
Nearby Supernova Rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. IV. A Recovery Method for the Delay Time Distribution
Creators: name: Maoz, Dan
name: Mannucci, Filippo
name: Li, Weidong
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Della Valle, Massimo
name: Panagia, Nino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supernova (SN) delay-time distribution (DTD) - the SN rate versus time that would follow a brief burst of star formation - can shed light on SN progenitors, and on chemical enrichment timescales. Previous attempts to recover the DTD have used comparisons of mean SN rates vs. redshift to cosmic star-formation history (SFH), or comparison of SN rates among galaxies of different mean ages. We present an approach to recover the SN DTD that avoids such averaging. We compare the SFHs of individual galaxies to the numbers of SNe discovered in each galaxy (generally zero, sometimes one or a few SNe). We apply the method to a subsample of 3505 galaxies, hosting 82 SNe Ia and 119 core-collapse SNe (CC SNe), from the Lick Observatory SN Search (LOSS), with SFHs reconstructed from SDSS spectra. We find a >2sigma SN Ia DTD signal in our shortest-delay, "prompt", bin at <420 Myr. Despite a systematic error, due to the limited aperture of the SDSS spectroscopic fibres, which causes some of the prompt signal to leak to the later DTD bins, the data require prompt SNe Ia at the >99% confidence. We further find, at 4sigma, SNe Ia that are "delayed" by > 2.4 Gyr. Thus, the data support the existence of both prompt and delayed SNe Ia. The time integral over the CC SN DTD is 0.010+/-0.002 SNe per Msun, as expected if all stars of mass >8 Msun lead to visible SN explosions. This argues against a minimum mass for CC SNe of >10 Msun, and against a significant fraction of massive stars that collapse without exploding. For SNe Ia, the time-integrated DTD is 0.0023+/-0.0006 SNe per Msun formed, most of them with delays < 2.4 Gyr. We show, using simulations, that application of the method to the full existing LOSS sample, but with complete and unbiased SFH estimates for the survey galaxies, could provide a detailed measurement of the SN Ia DTD.
description: MNRAS, in press. Paper title has been changed
Computational Reproducibility, Transparency, and Credibility of Official Statistics
Creators: name: Vilhuber, Lars
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: transparency
official statistics
reproducibility
replicability

description: Presentation at JSM 2020 in Session "Transparent, Efficient and Accessible Reporting on the Quality of Multiple Input Data Sources"
description: The opinions expressed in this talk are solely the authors, and do not represent the views of the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Academies, the American Economic Association, or any of the funding agencies.
Binding between two-component bosons in one dimension
Creators: name: Tempfli, Emmerich
name: Zöllner, Sascha
name: Schmelcher, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ground state of one-dimensional few-atom Bose-Bose mixtures under harmonic confinement throughout the crossover from weak to strong inter-species attraction. The calculations are based on the numerically exact multi-configurational time-dependent Hartree method. For repulsive components we detail the condition for the formation of a molecular Tonks-Girardeau gas in the regime of intermediate inter-species interactions, and the formation of a molecular condensate for stronger coupling. Beyond a critical inter-species attraction, the system collapses to an overall bound state. Different pathways emerge for unequal particle numbers and intra-species interactions. In particular, for mixtures with one attractive component, this species can be viewed as an effective potential dimple in the trap center for the other, repulsive component.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
New archaeomagnetic secular variation data from Central Europe. I: Directions
Creators: name: Schnepp, Elisabeth
name: Thallner, Daniele
name: Arneitz, Patrick
name: Mauritsch, Hermann
name: Scholger, Robert
name: Rolf, Christian
name: Leonhardt, Roman
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford Univ. Press
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Archaeomagnetism
subject: Europe
subject: Palaeomagnetic secular variation
subject: 550

description: Archaeomagnetic directions of 141 archaeological structures have been studied from 21 sites in Austria, 31 sites in Germany and one site in Switzerland. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions obtained from alternating field and thermal demagnetizations provided 82 and 78 new or updated (12 and 10 per cent) directions of Austria and Germany, respectively. Nine of the directions are not reliable for certain reasons (e.g. displacement) while three of the features are not well dated. Apart from this some updated age information for the published databases is provided. Rock magnetic experiments revealed magnetite as main magnetic carrier of the remanences. The new data agree well with existing secular variation reference curves. The extended data set covers now the past 3500 yr and a lot of progress were made to cover times BC with data. Here enhanced secular variation is observed manifested in declinations with values up to 70°. The new data will allow for recalculation of archaeomagnetic calibration curves for Central Europe from mid Bronze Age until today. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Royal Astronomical Society.
Growth of solid hcp \^4He off the melting curve
Creators: name: Ray, M. W.
name: Hallock, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report studies of the growth of solid hcp \4he at pressures higher than the bulk freezing pressure using a cell design that allows us to inject atoms into the solid. Near the melting curve during injection we observe random events during which the pressure recorded in the cell drops abruptly. These events are accompanied by transient increases in the temperature of the cell. We discuss these transients and conclude that they represent the solidification of meta-stable liquid regions and the associated relief of strain in the local solid. We also observe that further from the melting curve the transients are no longer recorded, but that we can continue to add atoms to the solid, increasing its density at fixed volume. We document these changes in density with respect to changes in the chemical potential as a function of temperature and discuss these in the context of recent theoretical work.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Aspects Regarding Operations with Fuzzy Processes
Creators: name: Luca, Lucian
name: Luca, Lucian L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces the notion of fuzzy process as a formalism for the idea of fuzzy contact between a device and its environment. The notions of absolute correctness and relative correctness are defined. In order to work with concurrency it has been built an approach to manipulate the interactive processes as a single process and the resulted behavior has been observed.
description: 10 pages, exposed on 5th International Conference "Actualities and Perspectives on Hardware and Software" - APHS2009, Timisoara, Romania
The Kovacs effect: a master equation analysis
Creators: name: Prados, A.
name: Brey, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kovacs or crossover effect is one of the peculiar behaviours exhibited by glasses and other complex, slowly relaxing systems. Roughly it consists in the non-monotonic relaxation to its equilibrium value of a macroscopic property of a system evolving at constant temperature, when starting from a non-equilibrium state. Here, this effect is investigated for general systems whose dynamics is described by a master equation. To carry out a detailed analysis, the limit of small perturbations in which linear response theory applies is considered. It is shown that, under very general conditions, the observed experimental features of the Kovacs effect are recovered. The results are particularized for a very simple model, a two-level system with dynamical disorder. An explicit analytical expression for its non-monotonic relaxation function is obtained, showing a resonant-like behaviour when the dependence on the temperature is investigated.
description: Accepted version in JSTAT, minor changes, some errata fixed; 30 pages, 8 figures
Cut-and-join operators and N=4 super Yang-Mills
Creators: name: Brown, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show which multi-trace structures are compatible with the symmetrisation of local operators in \cN=4 super Yang-Mills when they are organised into representations of the global symmetry group. Cut-and-join operators give the non-planar expansion of correlation functions of these operators in the free theory. Using these techniques we find the 1/N corrections to the quarter-BPS operators which remain protected at weak coupling. We also present a new way of counting these chiral ring operators using the Weyl group S_N.
description: 44 pages, 3 figures; minor clarifications and typos fixed
Light Dark Matter Detection Prospects at Neutrino Experiments
Creators: name: Kumar, Jason
name: Learned, John G.
name: Smith, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the prospects for the detection of relatively light dark matter through direct annihilation to neutrinos. We specifically focus on the detection possibilities of water Cherenkov and liquid scintillator neutrino detection devices. We find in particular that liquid scintillator detectors may potentially provide excellent detection prospects for dark matter in the 4-10 GeV mass range. These experiments can provide excellent corroborative checks of the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation signal, but may yield results for low mass dark matter in any case. We identify important tests of the ratio of electron to muon neutrino events (and neutrino versus anti-neutrino events), which discriminate against background atmospheric neutrinos. In addition, the fraction of events which arise from muon neutrinos or anti-neutrinos ($R_μ$ and $R_{\bar μ}$) can potentially yield information about the branching fractions of hypothetical dark matter annihilations into different neutrino flavors. These results apply to neutrinos from secondary and tertiary decays as well, but will suffer from decreased detectability.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, pdflatex, references, one figure and comments on electron neutrino bounds and on spin-dependent scattering limits added. Figures updated.
title: Evaluation von Glasurergänzungsstoffen für historisch lasierte Keramik im Außenbereich. Ausblick zu einem Konservierungs- und Restaurierungskonzept für die Glasur der Baukeramiken des Gebäudes Scharnhorststraße 2 in Leipzig
title: Bachelor-Thesis, Potsdam 2019
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bulian, Luisa
Publisher: name: Hornemann Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: Conservation

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema der Fehlstellenbehebung in der Glasuroberfläche von glasierter Baukeramik im Außenbereich. Anlass ist die geplante Instandsetzung eines historischen Wohnhauses in Leipzig, welches einen vielseitigen Fassadendekor aus glasierter Baukeramik aufweist. Anhand einer Referenzfläche wird eine Dokumentation des baukeramischen Bestandes und eine Zustandsdokumentation der auftretenden Schadensphänomene erstellt. Aus den erlangten Erkenntnissen werden Anforderungen an einen Glasurergänzungsstoff hergeleitet. Es wird der übliche konservatorische und restauratorische Umgang mit glasierter Keramik erläutert und die Eigenschaften, sowie das Alterungsverhalten der dazu eingesetzten organischen Polymere und anorganisch-organischen Copolymere aufgezeigt. Darauf folgt eine Untersuchung der optischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften verschiedener natürlich gealterter Glasurergänzungsstoffe an ausgewählten baukeramischen Referenzflächen im Außenbereich. Die Ergebnisse fließen schließlich in eine Evaluation ein, aus der Empfehlungen zu einem Konservierungs- und Restaurierungskonzept für die Glasur der geschädigten Baukeramik in Leipzig gegeben werden. | This work deals with the treatment of glazed ceramics which results in the elimination of surface defects in outdoor weathering. The motive is the planned renovation of a historical building in Leipzig. This structure has a versatile facade made of glazed ceramics. On the basis of a reference surface, an inventory of the existing shaped stones and documentation of the occuring damage phenomena is made. With the aid of this knowledge, requirements for a conservational and restorative supplement are determined. The usual conservational and restorative treatment of glazed ceramics is explained, and an overview of the properties as well as the ageing behaviour of the different organic polymers and inorganic-organic copolymers used for this purpose is given. This is followed by an inspection of the physical and optical properties of various naturally aged glaze supplements on selected reference surfaces of architectural ceramics in outdoor weathering. Finally, the results are explained in an evaluation which gives recommendations for the conservation and restoration for the damaged glazed ceramics in Leipzig.
Alignment of the CMS Muon System with Cosmic-Ray and Beam-Halo Muons
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CMS muon system has been aligned using cosmic-ray muons collected in 2008 and beam-halo muons from the 2008 LHC circulating beam tests. After alignment, the resolution of the most sensitive coordinate is 80 microns for the relative positions of superlayers in the same barrel chamber and 270 microns for the relative positions of endcap chambers in the same ring structure. The resolution on the position of the central barrel chambers relative to the tracker is comprised between two extreme estimates, 200 and 700 microns, provided by two complementary studies. With minor modifications, the alignment procedures can be applied using muons from LHC collisions, leading to additional significant improvements.
The development of the Japanese market for Pacific Northwest lumber : a historical survey
Creators: name: Shand, Eden Arthur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis describes the manner in which the Japanese market for Pacific Northwest lumber grew over the last one hundred years. The description attempts to explain why British Columbia, which for many years was the under-dog in the Japanese market, suddenly and irrevocably took the lead from Washington and Oregon in 1961. The answer seemed to lie in B.C.'s marketing philosophy - the international marketing orientation - which geared her in practical terms for the export markets of the world generally and for Japan particularly. Manifestations of this marketing philosophy were first seen around 1934 when H.R. MacMillan, in spite of an ample and virtually guaranteed U.K. market, recognized the importance of keeping one foot in relatively slack markets like Japan. It was a question of increasing B.C.'s market share. Yet it took more than twenty-five years for the Province to bear the fruits of this orientation. There were good reasons for this time lag. Prior to 1961, except for a fifteen year period after the Great Japanese earthquake of 1923, Japan was a modest purchaser of Pacific Northwest lumber. The greater part of these lumber shipments were of large Douglas fir squares which Washington and Oregon were in a better position to supply. In the latter part of the decade of the 1950's, however, when large-sized Douglas fir was needed for the developing Pacific Northwest plywood industry, and when the booming Japanese economy needed more timber, the Japanese had to look for an alternative species. Hemlock was their choice and both British Columbia and the American Northwest had ample supplies of these resources. But whereas B.C., being geared to the export market, could economically cut unusual Japanese specifications, the American Northwest being geared to their domestic market could not. The Japanese bought U.S. logs instead of lumber for cutting to their requirements at home. Thus, by supplying Japan with their large demand for hemlock baby squares, B.C. surpassed Washington and Oregon. In recent retaliation, the Americans have passed legislation restricting the export of logs from their territory with the hope that the Japanese would buy more lumber from them. But this writer predicts that unless the lumbermen of the American Northwest adopt the international marketing orientation expounded upon in this thesis and gear themselves for the export market, then no amount of log export legislation can guarantee them their former ascendancy in the Japanese lumber market.
Discussion: Landscapesfrom Statistical Information Systems
Creators: name: Eltinge, John L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Official Statistics
Transparency

description: Discussion for JSM 2020 Session # 423, “Transparent, Efficient and Accessible Reporting on the Quality of Multiple Input Data Sources”
description: The views expressed here are those of the speaker and do not represent the policies of the United States Census Bureau.