cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topological chaos, braiding and bifurcation of almost-cyclic sets
Creators: name: Grover, Piyush
name: Ross, Shane D.
name: Stremler, Mark A.
name: Kumar, Pankaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34C28, 37N10

description: In certain two-dimensional time-dependent flows, the braiding of periodic orbits provides a way to analyze chaos in the system through application of the Thurston-Nielsen classification theorem (TNCT). We expand upon earlier work that introduced the application of the TNCT to braiding of almost-cyclic sets, which are individual components of almost-invariant sets [Stremler, Ross, Grover, Kumar, Topological chaos and periodic braiding of almost-cyclic sets. Physical Review Letters 106 (2011), 114101]. In this context, almost-cyclic sets are periodic regions in the flow with high local residence time that act as stirrers or `ghost rods' around which the surrounding fluid appears to be stretched and folded. In the present work, we discuss the bifurcation of the almost-cyclic sets as a system parameter is varied, which results in a sequence of topologically distinct braids. We show that, for Stokes' flow in a lid-driven cavity, these various braids give good lower bounds on the topological entropy over the respective parameter regimes in which they exist. We make the case that a topological analysis based on spatiotemporal braiding of almost-cyclic sets can be used for analyzing chaos in fluid flows. Hence we further develop a connection between set-oriented statistical methods and topological methods, which promises to be an important analysis tool in the study of complex systems.
description: Submitted to Chaos
title: Ypres, Battles of
title: Ypres, Battles of
Creators: name: Spencer, Jones
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Ypern / Schlacht [1914]
subject: Ypern / Schlacht [1915]
subject: Ypern / Schlacht [1917]
subject: o.P. Ypres, 1st Battle of, Ieper, Belgium, 1914
subject: Ypres, 2nd Battle of, Ieper, Belgium, 1915
subject: Ypres, 3rd Battle of, Ieper, Belgium, 1917

description: The Belgian city of Ypres is synonymous with the First World War. Ypres gave its name to three major battles: First Ypres (19 October - 22 November 1914), Second Ypres (21 April - 25 May 1915) and Third Ypres (31 July - 10 November 1917). The severe casualties suffered in the area made Ypres a focus for post-war remembrance.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Entanglement Creation in Low-Energy Scattering
Creators: name: Weder, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement creation in the low-energy scattering of two particles in three dimensions, for a general class of interaction potentials that are not required to be spherically symmetric. The incoming asymptotic state, before the collision, is a product of two normalized Gaussian states. After the scattering the particles are entangled. We take as a measure of the entanglement the purity of one of them. We provide a rigorous explicit computation, with error bound, of the leading order of the purity at low-energy. The entanglement depends strongly in the difference of the masses. It takes its minimum when the masses are equal, and it increases rapidly with the difference of the masses. It is quite remarkable that the anisotropy of the potential gives no contribution to the leading order of the purity, on spite of the fact that entanglement is a second order effect.
description: The paper has been edited and some comments have been added
title: An exploration into student early leaving at a university language department in Mexico : voicing students' critical insights on institutional practices
Creators: name: Narvaez Trejo, Oscar Manuel
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This thesis investigates university students' perceptions of school and classroom practices in a university language department in Mexico. It utilises a voiced research approach to come to terms with students' real concerns regarding their education. The thesis suggests that in order to create suitable learning conditions the views and requirements of students should be given priority. The study focuses on disaffection. and attempts to understand the ways in which the institutional culture and practices influence the phenomenon of early leaving. In the study, I suggest that institutional structures and expectations of teachers' roles resulting from students' previous academic experiences have contributed to disengaging students from educational practices. I describe specific ways in which institutional structures help alienating students and how teacher-student relationships. within the classroom confines, contribute to this disengagement. This is problematic not only because of the nature of educational principles but also because of the poor education students are receiving. I suggest that adopted teaching methodologies are incompatible with the cultural context of the school investigated. The study concludes by calling for a more contextual-oriented approach to educational practices which aligns expectations of the educational actors.
Variety In, Variety Out: Imported Input and Product Scope Expansion in India
Creators: name: Goldberg, Pinelopi K.
name: Khandelwal, Amit K.
name: Pavcnik, Nina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Commerce

description: This chapter discusses and extends the findings of recent research which examines the role of imported inputs in fostering domestic product growth in India. India's trade liberalization during the 1990s resulted in substantial increases in the volume and variety of imported inputs. This period also witnessed an expansion of product lines by Indian firms. We explore the causal relationship between increased access to imported inputs through lower input tariffs and the subsequent increase in firms' product mix. Our analysis suggests that lower input tariffs accounted for at least 8 percent of overall manufacturing growth. We examine firm-level imported input use in detail, and explore heterogeneity of the impact across industries and states, as well as examine the robustness to other policy reforms implemented during this period.
Study the Compositional Alteration of Gut Microbiome with Different Environmental Factors
Creators: name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022

description: The microbiome includes all microorganisms within a resident habitant. Advantages of high-throughput sequencing technologies are that we can detect the gut microbiome composition and its relationship with human health and disease. Our overall goal is to study how the gut microbiome compositions are altered by environmental factors and how the altered microbiome affects the host and to apply this knowledge to improve clinical outcomes.
Obesity is a risk factor for kidney transplantation as well as many comorbidities. Bariatric surgery has proven to be an effective method of weight management. The combination of BS with kidney transplantation may be a promising way of improving renal function and reducing obesity. In our follow-up study of obese subjects with BS, we observed increased species diversity post-surgery within 6 months with the appearance of Streptococcus species. Eubacterium rectale and Megamonas hypermegale were positively associated with BMI, whereas Streptococcus salivarius was negatively correlated with BMI. Microbial species are also associated with serum cytokine levels. Bacteroides thetataomicron is positively correlated with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13.
In the study of infants with cystic fibrosis (CF), we detected associations between growth and gut microbiome in CF infants. The gut microbiome is affected by age, antibiotic prophylaxis, malnutrition, and diet at the genus level. Compared to US-CF infants, AUS-CF infants had lower gut microbiome diversity with a higher abundance of Proteobacteria and a lower abundance of Firmicutes, which may be due to treatment with prophylactic antibiotics. Specifically, enrichment of Klebsiella in Proteobacteria in the AUS-CF was associated with antibiotic prophylaxis treatment.
Using allogeneic transplants murine model, we identified the effective Abx components vancomycin and metronidazole to highly prolong graft survival when both were present. Abx treatment reduced bacterial diversity with increased Bacteroides species, including Parabacteroides distasonis and Alistipes finegoldii. Enrichment of commensal bacteria may help alleviate inflammation and thus prolong graft survival.
To conclude, we identified the gut microbiome changes upon multiple environmental factors of diseases and medications including antibiotics and how they may improve clinical outcome. Understanding their changes and metabolic functions will highlight future medical applications with disease monitoring, prevention, and intervention.
The bimetric variational principle for General Relativity
Creators: name: Jimenez, Jose Beltran
name: Golovnev, Alexey
name: Karčiauskas, Mindaugas
name: Koivisto, Tomi S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bimetric variational principle is a subtle reinterpretation of general relativity that assumes the spacetime connection to be generated by an independent metric. Unlike the so called Palatini formalism that promotes the connection into a fundamental field, the new variational principle results in a physically distinct theory since the potential for the connection carries new degrees of freedom. The connection-generating metric naturally allows also an antisymmetric component. This sets torsion propagating! It is also shown here that while in the most straightforward generalization of the Einstein-Hilbert action the nonmetric degrees of freedom become ghosts, there exist very simple actions which give rise to viable theories at the linearised level when subjected to the bimetric variational principle. However, the non linear interactions might bring unpleasant features like the Boulware-Deser ghost. This remains to be explored since this new type of bimetric theories does not, in principle, lie in the class of usual bimetric theories where non-linear interactions inevitably come in with new ghost-like degrees of freedom.
description: 5 pages, no figures. Version 2: corrected sign error, considerably extended discussions
title: Historiography 1918-Today (New Zealand)
title: Historiography 1918-Today (New Zealand)
Creators: name: Loveridge, Steven
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Neuseeland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Geschichtsschreibung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--New Zealand
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Historiography

description: This article surveys New Zealand historiography of the First World War since 1918. It outlines the key frameworks studies have been pursued within, how these have developed over time and notes major titles.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The activity of stimulation of mistletoe extract of Dendropthoe pentandra L. Miq to squamosa epidermis cells of rabbit
Creators: name: Lazuardi, Mochamad
name: Chien, Chi-Hsien
name: He, jie-long
name: plumeriastuti, Hani
name: Hestianah, Eka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 420899
subject: Traditional, complementary and integrative medicine not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 300911
subject: Veterinary pharmacology
classificationCode: 300999
subject: Veterinary sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321499
subject: Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321402
subject: Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

description: One of the bioactive compounds from flavanol of the mistletoe leaf extract is called Quercetin-Like Compounds (QLCs), which have many properties such as antimicrobial and anti-virus. It is also known that these compounds contain elements genistein which theoretically can protect the lipid bilayer of eukaryotic cells. So that it has the potential to produce epithelial proliferation power. This research was conducted to prove the stimulation of epithelization in the skin of rabbits. Twenty-five rabbits were grouped into 4 groups as follows; groups one, two, three, and four were used trial at 4.5% (w/v), 6% (w/v), 8% (w/v), and 10% (w/v) of jelly-containing QLCs. One group for negative control was used for trials with placebo compounds of jelly. The application of jelly to the exfoliation of the skin was given three times a day for 5 days. The observed were using methods of epithelialization of the jelly containing QLCS. The results showed that the test groups of QLCs at 6% were positively stimulated in rabbit skins (p<0.05). Research conclusion showed that QLCs have stimulated epithelialization in the skin of rabbits.
Large non-Gaussian Halo Bias from Single Field Inflation
Creators: name: Agullo, Ivan
name: Shandera, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate Large Scale Structure observables for non-Gaussianity arising from non-Bunch-Davies initial states in single field inflation. These scenarios can have substantial primordial non-Gaussianity from squeezed (but observable) momentum configurations. They generate a term in the halo bias that may be more strongly scale-dependent than the contribution from the local ansatz. We also discuss theoretical considerations required to generate an observable signature.
description: 30 pages, 14 figures, typos corrected and minor changes to match published version JCAP09(2012)007
Rheology and processing of poly(lactides) and their enantiomeric copolymers and blends
Creators: name: Othman, Norhayani
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Poly(lactide) PLA, a biodegradable thermoplastic produced from corn and other renewable agricultural resources, has received a large share of the interest in biodegradable materials due to environmental concerns and desire to reduce dependence on finite petroleum reserves. In this study, nearly monodisperse controlled microstructure PLA samples synthesized using a novel chiral dinuclear indium catalyst; and studied thermorheologically. Specifically, the effects of molecular structural parameters (i.e. weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and different ratios of lactides) on solution and melt rheological properties under shear and extension were studied. The solution properties and linear viscoelasticity (LVE) of melts indicated linear structure behavior. The zero-shear viscosity and relaxation time of PLAs showed a power law scaling of 3.4 with Mw. The K-BKZ constitutive equation was used and proved that strain hardening occurs at low temperatures, which is due to the dynamics of molecular relaxation, when the longest relaxation time exceeded the characteristic time for deformation. In an attempt to reduce PLA brittleness, copolymers of L-lactide with its enantiomer D-lactide or racemic mixture DL-lactide were synthesized. The effects of Mw and block length ratio on the thermal, rheological and mechanical behavior of the diblock copolymers were investigated. For comparison, blends of PDLLA and PLLA homopolymers of equivalent Mw to the diblock copolymers were prepared. Despite different thermal behavior, the linear viscoelasticity of block copolymers and blends in disordered state are relatively similar. Improvement in elongation at break and tensile strength were observed as compared to their counterpart homopolymer blends. Furthermore, the wall slip and melt fracture behaviors of four commercial PLAs with Mw in the range of 10⁴ to 10⁵ g/mol were investigated. PLAs with Mw greater than a certain value slipped. The slip velocity increased with decrease of Mw. The onset of melt fracture for the high Mw PLAs occurred at about 0.2 to 0.3 MPa, depending on the geometrical characteristics of the dies and independent of temperature. Addition of 0.5 wt% of a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) into the PLA that exhibits melt fracture was effective in eliminating and delaying its onset to higher shear rates.
Virtual noiseless amplification and Gaussian post-selection in continuous-variable quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Fiurasek, Jaromir
name: Cerf, Nicolas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The noiseless amplification or attenuation are two heralded filtering operations that enable respectively to increase or decrease the mean field of any quantum state of light with no added noise, at the cost of a small success probability. We show that inserting such noiseless operations in a transmission line improves the performance of continuous-variable quantum key distribution over this line. Remarkably, these noiseless operations do not need to be physically implemented but can simply be simulated in the data post-processing stage. Hence, virtual noiseless amplification or attenuation amounts to perform a Gaussian post-selection, which enhances the secure range or tolerable excess noise while keeping the benefits of Gaussian security proofs.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
title: Conscription (Australia)
title: Conscription (Australia)
Creators: name: Beaumont, Joan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Australien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Einberufung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Australia
subject: Draft

description: Conscription was the most divisive issue in Australian politics during the First World War. The expeditionary force which the Australian government offered to Britain in August 1914 was composed only of volunteers, since earlier legislation forbade the deployment of conscripts overseas. As the casualties on the Western Front mounted, voluntary enlistment proved unable to fully replace the losses in battle. In two referenda, in October 1916 and December 1917, the Australian electorate narrowly rejected the introduction of conscription, after bitter debates that split the governing Australian Labor Party and profoundly divided the population.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Services Growth in India: A Look Inside the Black Box
Creators: name: Dehejia, Rajeev
name: Panagariya, Arvind
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics

description: It is now widely recognized that the pattern of growth in India in recent years has
been an unconventional one. Virtually all labor-abundant developing countries such as Taiwan, South Korea and China saw the shares of labor-intensive manufacturing in the GDP and employment rise and those of agriculture fall during their high-growth phases. In contrast, during its recent high-growth phase, India has witnessed the share of labor-intensive manufacturing in the GDP stagnate despite a declining share of agriculture. Moreover, the movement of workers out of agriculture has been extremely piecemeal, with shifts in the relative employment shares barely visible.
Selling the family silver to pay the grocer's bill? The case of privatization in India
Creators: name: Gupta, Nandini
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Commerce

description: Using data on Indian government-owned firms, we investigate the effect of privatization on the performance of these firms. Our results suggest that privatization is positively associated with the profitability and efficiency of government-owned firms. Despite the small number of transactions, selling majority equity stakes to private owners has an economically significant impact on firm performance. Moreover, privatization is not associated with layoffs or a decline in employee compensation. These results are robust to controlling for the observable and unobservable characteristics of firms selected for privatization, and industry and country level reforms.
Acute oral toxicity, antinociceptive and antimicrobial activities of kava dried extracts and synthetic kavain
Creators: name: Ferreira, Juliana Veloso
name: Pierotte, Isabella Campolina
name: Rodrigues, Felipe Fernandes
name: de Souza, Larissa Camila Ribeiro
name: Bastos, Rafael Wesley
name: Carmo, Paulo Henrique Fonseca
name: Cassali, Geovanni Dantas
name: Tagliati, Carlos Alberto
name: Machado, Renes Resende
name: Santos, Daniel Assis
name: Pianetti, Gerson Antônio
name: César, Isabela Costa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Piper methysticum G. Forst, popularly known as kava, is a traditional medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. The aim of this study was to investigate new therapeutic applications of this plant. Nociceptive response induced by heat (hot-plate) was used as pain model. Susceptibility of different strains to kava ethanolic dried extracts was evaluated by broth microdilution method. Acute oral toxicity was performed according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guideline. Administration of kava dried extracts and kavain inhibited the nociceptive response in the hot-plate model and did not affect the time mice spent in the rota-rod apparatus. The samples showed no significant antibacterial activity, however slight antifungal activity was verified. The extracts may be considered of low oral acute toxicity. Kava extracts exhibited promising antinociceptive activity in model of nociceptive pain, which should be deeper explored as a new therapeutic application of kava.
title: Propaganda at Home (Australia)
title: Propaganda at Home (Australia)
Creators: name: Robertson, Emily
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Australien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Propaganda
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Australia
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Propaganda

description: Australian government propaganda was subordinate to state and federal recruiting bodies and thus was mainly tasked with maintaining enthusiasm for recruiting in one of the few countries that sustained voluntary enlistment throughout the war. Wielding strong censorship powers, the government sought to control anti-war propaganda, particularly as voluntary recruiting declined from the middle of 1916. Powerful unofficial propagandists supported the government and produced large amounts of anti-German atrocity propaganda. However, anti-war and anti-conscription campaigners defied censorship and produced abundant amounts of propaganda over the course of the conflict.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
A practical guide to the massive black hole cosmic history
Creators: name: Sesana, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review our current understanding of massive black hole (MBH) formation and evolution along the cosmic history. After a brief introductory overview of the relevance of MBHs in the hierarchical structure formation paradigm, I discuss the main viable channels for seed BH formation at high redshift and for their subsequent mass growth and spin evolution. The emerging hierarchical picture, where MBHs grow through merger triggered accretion episodes, acquiring their mass while shining as quasars, is overall robust, but too simplistic to explain the diversity observed in MBH phenomenology. I briefly discuss which future observations will help to shed light on the MBH cosmic history in the near future, paying particular attention to the upcoming gravitational wave window.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Advances in Astronomy
Impacts of livestock grazing on vegetation characteristics and soil chemical properties of alpine meadows in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
Creators: name: Ji, Lei
name: Qin, Yan
name: Jimoh, Saheed Olaide
name: Hou, Xiangyang
name: Zhang, Na
name: Gan, Youmin
name: Luo, Yuanjia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Livestock grazing is one of the significant causes of land degradation. However, the effect of contrasting grazing intensities on soil properties and vegetation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is poorly understood. We studied the impact of light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG) and no grazing (NG) on vegetation characteristics and the chemical properties of soil samples taken at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers from the designated grazing treatments. A total of 42 species representing 32 genera and 16 families were identified. Our result shows that HG significantly reduced total aboveground biomass, vegetation cover, canopy average height, but increased unpalatable aboveground biomass. Soil organic matter declined with increasing grazing intensity and respectively decreased to 64.51%, 65.38% and 82.40% for LG, MG and HG compared to the NG treatment and soil carbon storage exhibited a similar pattern. Soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents decreased with increasing soil depth, while soil total potassium was not affected by grazing across soil depths. We conclude that 1 yak would have a more severe impact than 3 sheep units on the vegetation community and soil characteristics of alpine meadows in the southeastern QTP.
Views from the Indian Electorate: Satisfactions and Dissatisfactions with Democracy, Politics and the Economy
Creators: name: Stepan, Alfred C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: In this paper I present findings from Chapter 2 of the forthcoming book by Alfred Stepan, Juan J. Linz and Yogendra Yadav titled "Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies". The results presented here are largely drawn from responses to the National Election Studies (NES) and the State of the Nation Surveys coordinated by the Center for the Study of Developing Societies, India over six national elections between 1971-2009. We focus on questions as they pertain to support for democracy, political efficacy and political participation in India. In particular, I focus on the responses of the seven most marginalized groups in the country based on their caste, religious, economic and gender status. These groups are Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe, Muslim, Very Poor, Poor, Illiterate and Female respondents. The first section of the paper outlines the details of CSDS surveys, how they were conducted and how they compare to alternative national surveys in India and elsewhere. Subsequent sections delve into why India makes a critical case for the "State-Nation" model in our book and the results of the surveys. In the final section of the paper I present results from questions on the Indian economy and how economic change has affected people's perception of their wellbeing.
Non-perturbative corrections to mean-field behavior: spherical model on spider-web graph
Creators: name: Balram, Ajit C.
name: Dhar, Deepak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the spherical model on a spider-web graph. This graph is effectively infinite-dimensional, similar to the Bethe lattice, but has loops. We show that these lead to non-trivial corrections to the simple mean-field behavior. We first determine all normal modes of the coupled springs problem on this graph, using its large symmetry group. In the thermodynamic limit, the spectrum is a set of $δ$-functions, and all the modes are localized. The fractional number of modes with frequency less than $ω$ varies as $\exp (-C/ω)$ for $ω$ tending to zero, where $C$ is a constant. For an unbiased random walk on the vertices of this graph, this implies that the probability of return to the origin at time $t$ varies as $\exp(- C' t^{1/3})$, for large $t$, where $C'$ is a constant. For the spherical model, we show that while the critical exponents take the values expected from the mean-field theory, the free-energy per site at temperature $T$, near and above the critical temperature $T_c$, also has an essential singularity of the type $\exp[ -K {(T - T_c)}^{-1/2}]$.
description: substantially revised, a section added
Development of sulfonated carbon catalysts for integrated biodiesel production
Creators: name: Janaun, Jidon Adrian Bin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The issues of energy security, climate change, and environmental protection attract the use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel worldwide despite several potential setbacks such as deforestation and escalating food prices. A better biodiesel production scheme is needed to reduce the setbacks, to increase the economical value, and to have a safer production process. The use of waste oil and fat as feedstock, and conversion of glycerol into fuel oxygenates are the key solutions in this scheme. Motivated by the high activity of the sugar catalyst, a low surface area and non-porous carbon-based catalyst, this study investigates the synthesis of mesoporous, high surface area and acidity carbon-based catalysts that are active for the conversion of oleic acid and glycerol into biodiesel and fuel oxygenates, respectively. The results showed that a silica templating technique, prepared via confined activation process, was effective for synthesizing mesoporous and high surface area catalyst, but low in total acidity. The technique of catalyst functionalization in liquid fuming sulfuric acid was effective, but destroyed the internal pores of the char. The activity of the mesoporous catalyst was lower than the sugar catalyst in esterification of oleic acid. The catalyst activity was dependant on the total acidity, but independent of surface area and porosity. Further investigation showed that multiple vapour phase sulfonation was effective in synthesizing higher acidity catalyst while maintaining the mesoporous and high surface area structure. Vapour phase sulfonation caused less pore destruction in the char compared with liquid phase sulfonation. Repeated vapour phase sulfonation was effective in loading increased functional groups on the catalyst at the expense of its surface area. Evaluation of the activities of carbon-based catalysts on esterification of oleic acid showed that it depended on density and accessibility of active sites, and catalyst deactivation. Evaluation of etherification of glycerol showed that all catalysts, despite having huge differences in surface area, had comparable activity per unit mass. The carbon-based catalysts had a high selectivity to di- and tri- glyceryl ethers. In conclusion, the carbon-based catalysts synthesized through multiple vapour phase sulfonation processes are promising catalysts for a better biodiesel production process.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of arbitrage
Creators: name: Choi, Jaehyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking to arbitrage modeling. In the model, the arbitrage strategy is considered as being in the symmetry breaking phase and the phase transition between arbitrage mode and no-arbitrage mode is triggered by a control parameter. We estimate the control parameter for momentum strategy with real historical data. The momentum strategy aided by symmetry breaking shows stronger performance and has a better risk measure than the naive momentum strategy in U.S. and South Korean markets.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures; Published version
Trade Liberalization and Poverty Reduction: New Evidence from Indian States
Creators: name: Cain, J.Salcedo
name: Hasan, Rana
name: Mitra, Devashish
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Economics

description: As is widely acknowledged, the incidence of poverty in India has declined steadily over the last several decades. What is debated, however, is the pace at which poverty has declined and its relationship with India's economic reforms. In particular, a key concern among policymakers and researchers alike is that trade liberalization undertaken in the early 1990s may have slowed the progress made in reducing poverty. In this paper, we update our previous econometric analysis on the links between trade liberalization and poverty reduction in India. By incorporating measures of poverty based on the 2004-05 consumer expenditure survey carried out by India's National Sample Survey Organisation, we are able to sidestep the controversy-ridden poverty measures based on the 1999-2000 survey. Our new results are in line with the earlier ones in Hasan, Mitra and Ural (2007): States, and regions within states, that were more exposed to trade liberalization on account of their employment structures did not experience slower reduction in poverty; on the contrary, to the extent that we find a statistically significant relationship between trade liberalization and poverty reduction, the evidence points to faster poverty reduction in states and regions experiencing greater increases in exposure to trade. Moreover, this relationship is typically stronger in states with more flexible labor regulations, better quality transportation infrastructure, and more developed financial systems.
title: Bereavement and Mourning (New Zealand)
title: Bereavement and Mourning (New Zealand)
Creators: name: Patrick, Rachel
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Neuseeland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Trauer
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--New Zealand
subject: Mourning customs

description: This article examines bereavement and mourning in New Zealand during the First World War. Many thousands of New Zealand families were left bereft by the First World War. Their experience was characterised, above all, by separation from the bodies of loved ones buried on foreign battlefields. Distance, and an absence of bodies to mourn, rendered many customary rites surrounding death impossible. Instead, the bereaved sought consolation through a variety of means: the support of friendship and kinship networks, religious faith, the belief that the deceased had died doing his duty or for a noble cause, and through imagined bonds with the war graves of loved ones buried overseas.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
UTN White Paper April 2025
Creators: name: Patrick Carodine
Publisher: name: Unified Theistic Naturalism Publications
Year: 2025

description: Unified Theistic Naturalism (UTN) unveils a simple but profound realization: paradise is not a future achievement, but the natural state when life moves in cadence with the Divine. This white paper introduces the Seeker, the Sufferer, and the Seer — three conditions reflecting humanity’s relationship to oscillation and presence. Through the cessation of oscillation, life unfolds through Perfect Action, revealing paradise not as an ideal to pursue, but as the seamless unfolding of being. UTN offers no methods, no practices, no striving — only the remembrance of what has always been: daily paradise, now.
Noether Symmetry in $f(T)$ Theory
Creators: name: Wei, Hao
name: Guo, Xiao-Jiao
name: Wang, Long-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well known, symmetry plays an important role in the theoretical physics. In particular, the well-known Noether symmetry is an useful tool to select models motivated at a fundamental level, and find the exact solution to the given Lagrangian. In the present work, we try to consider Noether symmetry in $f(T)$ theory. At first, we briefly discuss the Lagrangian formalism of $f(T)$ theory. In particular, the point-like Lagrangian is explicitly constructed. Based on this Lagrangian, the explicit form of $f(T)$ theory and the corresponding exact solution are found by requiring Noether symmetry. In the resulting $f(T)=μT^n$ theory, the universe experiences a power-law expansion $a(t)\sim t^{2n/3}$. Furthermore, we consider the physical quantities corresponding to the exact solution, and find that if $n>3/2$ the expansion of our universe can be accelerated without invoking dark energy. Also, we test the exact solution of this $f(T)$ theory with the latest Union2 Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) dataset which consists of 557 SNIa, and find that it can be well consistent with the observational data in fact.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, revtex4; v2: discussions added, Phys. Lett. B in press; v3: published version
On the canonical real structure on wonderful varieties
Creators: name: Akhiezer, D.
name: Cupit-Foutou, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M27, 32M10

description: We study equivariant real structures on spherical varieties. We call such a structure canonical if it is equivariant with respect to the involution defining the split real form of the acting reductive group G. We prove the existence and uniqueness of a canonical structure for homogeneous spherical varieties G/H with H self-normalizing and for their wonderful embeddings. For a strict wonderful variety we give an estimate of the number of real form orbits on the set of real points.
description: 17 pages
title: Anzac (Australia)
title: Anzac (Australia)
Creators: name: Seal, Graham
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Great Britain / Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. Great Britain. Army. Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
subject: World War, 1914-1918

description: This article briefly outlines the origins, development and significance of the Anzac legend for Australians since 1915. The initial reception of Anzac as symbolizing “the birth of a nation” is followed by an outline of the development of the concept during The First World War and over the decades since. The current identification of Anzac with popular perceptions of national identity is briefly highlighted and the article concludes by noting the early and continuing legislative proscriptions surrounding the use of the term “Anzac” and its continuing acceptance by many Australians as the central element of national identity.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Making Work Pay in Montana
Creators: name: Chau, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Working poor
Working poor--Government policy
Poor families
Economic assistance, Domestic--U.S. states

description: In Montana, 44 percent of children live in low-income families — defined as income below twice the federal poverty level (FPL). Despite 86 percent of these children having at least one parent who is employed, many of their families struggle to make ends meet on earnings alone. Work support benefits such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, child care assistance, and public health insurance can help families close the gap between earnings and the cost of basic expenses. While work supports help parents get by on low wages, families who receive them often face difficulties getting ahead. Many encounter "benefit cliffs" where small increases in earnings lead to abrupt work support losses. As a result, families are often worse off after a small wage increase. To encourage employment as the primary path to economic security, a comprehensive work support system should accomplish two goals: Provide adequate family resources. If parents work full-time, their earnings combined with work supports should provide the resources necessary to cover basic family expenses. Reward progress in the workforce. When parents‘ earnings increase, their families should always be better off Using results from NCCP‘s Basic Needs Budget Calculator and Family Resource Simulator, this brief highlights findings on the effectiveness of work support policies in Montana.
NATURE PROTECTION: ENCOURAGING YOUTH TO CARE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Creators: name: Burkhonjonova, Dilnura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article aims to analyze the level of environmental awareness among school students in Uzbekistan and to identify effective methods for its development. The study is based on a survey conducted among students of the Presidential School. The results show that while students are aware of environmental issues, their practical involvement remains limited. The authors argue for the integration of environmental education as an essential component of the school system.
Non-perturbative construction of 2D and 4D supersymmetric Yang-Mills theories with 8 supercharges
Creators: name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Matsuura, So
name: Sugino, Fumihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider two-dimensional N=(4,4) supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory and deform it by a mass parameter M with keeping all supercharges. We further add another mass parameter m in a manner to respect two of the eight supercharges and put the deformed theory on a two-dimensional square lattice, on which the two supercharges are exactly preserved. The flat directions of scalar fields are stabilized due to the mass deformations, which gives discrete minima representing fuzzy spheres. We show in the perturbation theory that the lattice continuum limit can be taken without any fine tuning. Around the trivial minimum, this lattice theory serves as a non-perturbative definition of two-dimensional N=(4,4) SYM theory. We also discuss that the same lattice theory realizes four-dimensional N = 2 U(k) SYM on R^2 x (Fuzzy R^2) around the minimum of k-coincident fuzzy spheres.
description: 35 pages, LaTeX2e, final version accepted in Nucl. Phys. B
Improving the Odds for Adolescents: State Policies that Support Adolescent Health and Well-being
Creators: name: Schwarz, Susan Wile
name: Aratani, Yumiko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Teenagers--Mental health
Teenagers--Health and hygiene
Teenagers--Services for
Teenagers--Services for--Government policy

description: For policymakers, adolescence presents an invaluable opportunity to ensure that all young people can access the high-quality services and supports they need to improve their odds of becoming successful, healthy, productive adults. At an historic moment when the provisions and breadth of health care reform are under vigorous debate, it is important to take stock of how well the states are currently meeting the health and development needs of all adolescents, and particularly disadvantaged youth. This report presents information from NCCP's Improving the Odds for Adolescents project about state policy choices that affect the health and well-being of adolescents.
Juvenile Justice in the U.S.: Facts for Policymakers
Creators: name: Gottesman, David M.
name: Schwarz, Susan Wile
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Teenagers--Services for
Teenagers--Mental health
Juvenile justice, Administration of
Juvenile detention
Juvenile detention homes

description: Recent research shows that the human brain continues to develop throughout adolescence, with the pre-frontal cortex ““ the section of the brain responsible for executive function and complex reasoning ““ not fully developing until the mid-twenties. Because adolescents' brains are not fully matured, their decision-making and thought processes differ from those of adults. For example, it is developmentally normative for adolescents to take greater risks and show greater susceptibility to peer influences than adults. These otherwise normal differences can contribute to behaviors that lead to involvement with the juvenile justice system. Beyond developmental influences, additional risk factors associated with youth ending up in the juvenile justice system are cognitive deficits, low school involvement, living in poverty, or being runaway or homeless. Just over two million youth under the age of 18 were arrested in 2008. Of these two million, about 95 percent had not been accused of violent crimes, such as murder, rape, or aggravated assault. In 2010, of the nearly 100,000 youth under the age of 18 who were serving time in a juvenile residential placement facility, 26 percent had been convicted of property crimes only, such as burglary, arson, or theft. For nonviolent youth involved in the juvenile justice system, incarceration in traditional residential placement facilities often does more harm than good. These large residential facilities are ineffective at providing the services and rehabilitation these youth need, and this lack of capacity contributes to high recidivism rates (rearrest within one year of release). Reliance on these residential placement facilities is an inefficient use of taxpayer money, not only with regard to the funds needed to keep youth in these facilities, but also the future lower wages and lost productivity that often follows for these youth. Reform efforts must place a greater focus on improving access to mental health services for all youth, better serving the needs of youth who are involved in the juvenile justice system, and creating effective alternatives to traditional residential placement facilities. Proper treatment and rehabilitative services can help many youth currently in the juvenile system become healthy and productive members of society.
Structure of shocks in Burgers turbulence with Lévy noise initial data
Creators: name: Abramson, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of the shocks for the inviscid Burgers equation in dimension 1 when the initial velocity is given by Lévy noise, or equivalently when the initial potential is a two-sided Lévy process $ψ_0$. When $ψ_0$ is abrupt in the sense of Vigon or has bounded variation with $\limsup_{|h| \downarrow 0} h^{-2} ψ_0(h) = \infty$, we prove that the set of points with zero velocity is regenerative, and that in the latter case this set is equal to the set of Lagrangian regular points, which is non-empty. When $ψ_0$ is abrupt we show that the shock structure is discrete. When $ψ_0$ is eroded we show that there are no rarefaction intervals.
description: 22 pages