cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Good Growth and Governance for Africa: Rethinking Development Strategies: Introduction and Overview
Creators: name: Noman, Akbar
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Managerial economics
Regional planning

description: When the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa achieved independence in rapid succession starting with Ghana in 1957, there were high hopes for the region. A group of outstanding leaders would inspire to bring a new era to a sub-continent long suffering from colonial exploitation and developmental neglect. What has happened since has been disappointing: whilst standard economic theory predicts a convergence in economic outcomes, with those countries with lower per capita incomes growing faster than those with higher, there has been divergence, particularly for Sub-Saharan Africa, with incomes per capita in the region stagnating over 1960-2000 (as the gains of the first two decades of that period were wiped out in the next two) and poverty increased when in the rest of the world per capita incomes more than doubled and in some of the most successful developing countries increased four-fold or more (see the figures in Section II). Only the few years before the global economic crisis of 2008 brought respite to this picture of gloom for Africa, as annual growth soared to some 6% during 2006 and 2007, with only the East and South Asian regions exceeding it by a significant margin, but even this period of optimism appears fragile and built on soaring resource prices as much as anything else. This naturally raises the question: Why has the economic growth performance of Sub- Saharan Africa (hereinafter Africa) been so disappointing and more to the point, what are the policy options for reversing that trend? What are the possibilities and policies for Africa to achieve sustained, rapid economic growth and associated structural transformations and begin to catch-up?
Pax-Americana-led macro-clustering and flying-geese-style catch-up in East Asia: Mechanisms of regionalized endogenous growth
Creators: name: Ozawa, Terutomo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Rapid growth in East Asia (despite the 1997-98 crises) has been unique as it is clustered so intensively only in that particular region. The flying-geese model of industrial upgrading is applied to the emergence of Pax-Americana-led growth clustering. The high propensity of the U.S. to transplant manufacturing overseas, Japan's roles of structural intermediator and capacity augmenter, and catching-up economies' public policies are the key co-determinants of regionalized endogenous growth in East Asia.
Child support enforcement and fathers' contributions to their nonmarital children
Creators: name: Nepomnyaschy, Lenna
name: Garfinkel, Irwin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Families

description: Research shows that stronger child support enforcement increases the amount of formal support received by children from their nonresident fathers. Yet, little is known about: 1) the informal cash and non-cash contributions that nonresident fathers make—especially to nonmarital children, 2) the effect of child support enforcement on these types of contributions, and 3) most importantly, the effect of child support enforcement on total (formal plus informal) child support contributions. Using data on unmarried parents from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we find that informal payments decline more rapidly than formal payments increase for the first 36 months, after which time this pattern flips. The flip suggests that public enforcement on average has positive effects on payments. States with stronger than average enforcement have larger than average increases in formal support and smaller decreases in informal support, resulting in a statistically insignificant increase in cash support. That the results differ substantially by when parents stopped cohabiting—with negative effects in the short-run and positive effects in the long-run—suggests that stronger child support enforcement may be efficacious in the long run.
Two-Photon Scattering by a Cavity-Coupled Two-Level Emitter in a One-Dimensional Waveguide
Creators: name: Ji, Zhongling
name: Gao, Shaoyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that two-photon transport can be modulated by a two-level emitter coupled to a cavity in a one-dimensional waveguide. In the ordinary case, the transmitted light has a wider frequency spectrum than the situation without the cavity because it is reflected and scattered many times. But when the two photons are resonant with the cavity resonance reflection frequency, the frequency spectrum of the transmitted light becomes narrower than that without the cavity. This means that properly tuning the cavity resonance frequency can improve the photon-photon interaction. In addition, we show that the two-photon intensity correlation functions are nearly opposite to each other at the two sides of the emitter transition frequency rather than be the same, which is exactly the Fano resonance line shape for two photons. Such an effect is important for lowering the power threshold in optical bistable devices and for sensing applications. When the emitter transition frequency equals to the cavity resonance frequency for a high-Q cavity, our results agree with the recent experiments and theories.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures
title: The Caboose by a Longshot: Impact of Large Age Gaps on Youngest Siblings
Creators: name: Young, Kelly Clark
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Siblings play a large role in developmental experiences and views of oneself. However, most research addressing siblings looks at individuals who grow up close in age with their siblings. What is currently known about sibling relationships does not seem to fit for those who have siblings but are not close in age to them, referred to in this study as a sibling age gap.
To learn more about what it was like to grow up with siblings who are much older, I interviewed 11 individuals who were the youngest siblings in their family and five or more years younger than their next oldest sibling. A research team analyzed the data from these interviews and found three major themes that were common among the 11 participants.
These themes were 1) separation of lived experience, meaning participants expressed having vastly different childhood experiences than their siblings, 2) Connection, most participants expressed wishing they could be emotionally closer to their older siblings, and 3) searching for identity, as many of these participants spent a lot of their time trying to measure up to their siblings so that they could be noticed, accepted, and included.
The role of long-term credit banks within the main bank system
Creators: name: Packer, Frank
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: One problem with the provision of long-term investment financing by commercial banks is that it can put at risk the uninterrupted provision of liquidity services to the population at large. Though economic models often abstract away from this problem with the assumption that banks providing liquidity services have the ability to diversify away the long-term risk of their outstanding loans, regulators have rarely been so sanguine. In general, the U.S. has depended on the existence of well-developed securities markets to supplement and in many cases replace the provision of long-term debt by commercial banks. In Japan - particularly the Japan of the high-growth era -the answer has lain rather in the creation of special classes of banks whose principal sources of financing are other than individual deposits. This paper examines one such class of institution -that of the long-term credit banks.
Gasteruption sp.
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Gasteruptiidae
Gasteruption
Gasteruption sp.

description: Gasteruption sp.
Foenus jaculator (LINNAEUS, 1758)?: WALKER 1871a: 1 (Tadjoura).
Foenus jaculator (LINNAEUS, 1758): INNES BEY 1911: 107 (Tadjoura, cat. Lord Collection).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Tadjoura.
This record, which is not listed in MADL (2013), is probably a misidentification, because Gasteruption jaculator is restricted to the Palaearctic region and is unknown from North Africa and the Arabian peninsula.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 909, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Analysis of reflection coefficients for the Fokker-Planck equation
Creators: name: Miyazawa, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mathematical structure of the reflection coefficients for the one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation is studied. A new formalism using differential operators is introduced and applied to the analysis in high- and low-energy regions. Formulas for high-energy and low-energy expansions are derived, and expressions for the coefficients of the expansion, as well as the remainder terms, are obtained for general forms of the potential. Conditions for the validity of these expansions are discussed on the basis of the analysis of the remainder terms.
Market Arbitrage, Social Choice and the Core
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper establishes a clear connection between equilibrium theory, game theory and social choice theory by showing that, for a well defined social choice problem, a condition which is necessary and sufficient to solve this problem-limited arbitrage-is the same as the condition which is necessary and sufficient to establish the existence of a equilibrium and the core. The connection is strengthened by establishing that a market allocation, which is in the core, can always be realized as a social allocation, i.e. an allocation which is optimal according to an ordering chosen by a social choice rule. Limited arbitrage characterizes those economies without Condorcet triples, and those for which Arrow's paradox can be resolved on choices of large utility values.
Market access and international competition: A simulation study of 16K Random Access Memories
Creators: name: Baldwin, Richard
name: Krugman, Paul R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper develops a model of international competition in an oligopoly characterized by strong learning effects. The model is quantified by calibrating its parameters to reproduce the U.S.Japanese rivalry in 16K RAMS from 1978-1983. We then ask the following question: how much did the apparent closure of the Japanese market to imports affect Japan's export performance? A simulation analysis suggests that a protected home market was a crucial advantage to Japanese firms, which would otherwise have been uncompetitive both at home and abroad. We find, however, that Japan's home market protection nonetheless produced more costs than benefits for Japan.
Additional file 1 of A genome-wide association study of mammographic texture variation
Creators: name: Liu, Yuxi
name: Chen, Hongjie
name: Heine, John
name: Lindstrom, Sara
name: Turman, Constance
name: Warner, Erica T.
name: Winham, Stacey J.
name: Vachon, Celine M.
name: Tamimi, Rulla M.
name: Kraft, Peter
name: Jiang, Xia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Correlations between the four V assessments. Fig. S2. Quantile-quantile plots of the GWAS meta-analysis results. Fig. S3. Manhattan plots of the GWAS meta-analysis results. Fig. S4. Quantile-quantile plots of the P value of heterogeneity. Table S2. Sources of summary statistics of breast cancer risk and breast cancer risk factors for calculating genetic correlation. Table S3. Sources of summary statistics of breast cancer risk and breast cancer risk factors for the SNP-set test.
A trace of a trace : an analysis of trauma in Shoah perpetrator auto/biographical narratives
Creators: name: Fuller, Barry Stanley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this study, I attempt to prove that many Shoah perpetrators potentially suffered the effects of trauma and that traces of their traumatisation exist within their auto/biographical narratives. In my endeavour to demonstrate this belief, I first discuss how many Shoah perpetrators were not merely prompted to take part in the Shoah because they were antisemitic, but that they were heavily influenced by the social and political environment around them. However, even though many of the perpetrators took part in othering processes as a response to their interpellation and socialisation, they still suffered from the effects of trauma. I then discuss the reasons for why many of the perpetrators wrote auto/biographical narratives, ultimately stating that an unconscious need to work through the effects of trauma was a possible reason for constructing these narratives and that traces of traumatisation do exist within the pages of these discourses. Finally, I make the case that many of the Shoah perpetrators suffered the effects of what Rachel M. MacNair terms Perpetration-Induced Traumatic Stress and that their traumatisation allowed them to perpetuate trauma on others through traumatic reenactment.
Bounds on M/R for Charged Objects with positive Cosmological constant
Creators: name: Andréasson, Håkan
name: Boehmer, Christian G.
name: Mussa, Atifah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider charged spherically symmetric static solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations with a positive cosmological constant $Λ$. If $r$ denotes the area radius, $m_g$ and $q$ the gravitational mass and charge of a sphere with area radius $r$ respectively, we find that for any solution which satisfies the condition $p+2p_{\perp}\leq ρ,$ where $p\geq 0$ and $p_{\perp}$ are the radial and tangential pressures respectively, $ρ\geq 0$ is the energy density, and for which $0\leq \frac{q^2}{r^2}+Λr^2\leq 1,$ the inequality $\frac{m_g}{r} \leq 2/9+\frac{q^2}{3r^2}-\frac{Λr^2}{3}+2/9\sqrt{1+\frac{3q^2}{r^2}+3Λr^2}$ holds. We also investigate the issue of sharpness, and we show that the inequality is sharp in a few cases but generally this question is open.
description: 12 pages. Revised version to appear in Class. Quant. Grav
Japan's Economy: Finally Finding Its Way to Full Employment and Sustained Growth
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Commerce

description: This paper introduces recent fundamental changes in Japan's political economy, and analyzes how these have affected the country's industrial architecture in terms of business group organization. Whereas previously, long-term, stable relations with other firms, banks and shareholders afforded great advantage to many companies, the new dynamic environment has led more and more banks and companies to turn away from stable "insurance" arrangements. The paper shows that a revision of corporate law towards more managerial flexibility paired with broader powers by shareholders matches this shift towards greater transparency, accountability, and competitive strategic positioning. Therefore, processes of corporate governance are also greatly altered. Our perceived wisdom of Japanese business organization needs to be updated.
Pseudospin symmetry in single particle resonant states
Creators: name: Lu, Bing-Nan
name: Zhao, En-Guang
name: Zhou, Shan-Gui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudospin symmetry is a relativistic dynamical symmetry connected with the small component of the Dirac spinor. The origin of pseudospin symmetry in single particle bound states in atomic nuclei has been revealed and studied extensively. By examining the zeros of Jost functions corresponding to the small components of Dirac wave functions and phase shifts of continuum states, we show that the pseudospin symmetry in single particle resonant states in nuclei is conserved when the attractive scalar and repulsive vector potentials have the same magnitude but opposite sign. The exact conservation and the breaking of pseudospin symmetry are illustrated for single particle resonances in spherical square-well and Woods-Saxon potentials.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; Figure 2 and discussion modified; Phys. Rev. Lett., in press
EMC effect, short-range nuclear correlations, neutron stars
Creators: name: Strikman, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent x>1 (e,e') and correlation experiments at momentum transfer Q^2 \ge 2 GeV^2 confirm presence of short-range correlations (SRC) in nuclei mostly build of nucleons. Recently we evaluated in a model independent way the dominant photon contribution to the nuclear structure. Taking into account this effect and using definition of x consistent with the exact kinematics of eA scattering (with exact sum rules) results in the significant reduction of R_A(x,Q^2)=F_{2A}(x,Q^2)/F_{2N}(x,Q^2) ratio which explains \sim 50% of the EMC effect for x\le 0.55 where Fermi motion effects are small. The remaining part of the EMC effect at $x\ge 0.5$ is consistent with dominance of the contribution of SRCs. Implications for extraction of the F_{2n}/F_{2p} ratio are discussed. Smallness of the non-nucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclei matches well the recent observation of a two-solar mass neutron star, and while large pn SRCs lead to enhancement of the neutron star cooling rate for kT\le 0.01 MeV.
description: To be published in proceedings of PANIC 11
Gauge algebra of irreducible theories in the Sp(2)-symmetric BRST formalism
Creators: name: Bratchikov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit solution to classical master equations of the Sp(2)-symmetric Hamiltonian BRST quantization scheme is presented in the case of irreducible gauge theories. A realization of the observable algebra is constructed.
description: 12 pages, v2: typos corrected, an explicit formula and references added
What Drives Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon? Evidence from Satellite and Socioeconomic Data
Creators: name: Talikoff, Alexander Strickland Pfaff
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This paper analyzes the determinants of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. From a model of optimal land use, it derives and then estimates a deforestation equation on county-level data for the period 1978 to 1988. The data include a deforestation measure from satellite images which is a great advance in allowing within-country analysis. Evidence exists that: most important for policy, both increased road density in neighbouring counties lead to more deforestation; government development projects increase deforestation; greater distance from the economic center of the country leads to less deforestation; and better soil quality leads to more deforestation. The evidence on provision of subsidized credit is mixed. Addressing an oft-mentioned factor, the population density is significant when population is the sole explanatory variable, but not when other variables suggested by the model are included. A quadratic population specification yields a more robust (although still small), concave effect, suggesting the importance of the spatial distribution of population.
Magnetic model for A2CuP2O7 (A = Na, Li) revisited: 1D versus 2D behavior
Creators: name: Lebernegg, S.
name: Tsirlin, A. A.
name: Janson, O.
name: Nath, R.
name: Skourski, Yu.
name: Amthauer, G.
name: Rosner, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report magnetization measurements, full-potential band structure calculations, and microscopic modeling for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg magnets A2CuP2O7 (A = Na, Li). Based on a quantitative evaluation of the leading exchange integrals and the subsequent quantum Monte-Carlo simulations, we propose a quasi-one-dimensional magnetic model for both compounds, in contrast to earlier studies that conjectured on the two-dimensional scenario. The one-dimensional nature of A2CuP2O7 is unambiguously verified by magnetization isotherms measured in fields up to 50 T. The saturation fields of about 40 T for both Li and Na compounds are in excellent agreement with the intrachain exchange J1 ~ 27 K extracted from the magnetic susceptibility data. The proposed magnetic structure entails spin chains with the dominating antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor interaction J1 and two inequivalent, nonfrustrated antiferromagnetic interchain couplings of about 0.01*J1 each. A possible long-range magnetic ordering is discussed in comparison with the available experimental information.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables: published version
Conceptualizing Public Relations- Strategies as a Major Tool in Managing.Communication in Organizations- A Study of Niger Mills PLC, Calabar CRS
Creators: name: Akpanyia, Mathias  Oshie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication studies
Communication technology and digital media studies
Journalism studies
Media industry studies
Media studies
Organisational, interpersonal and intercultural communication

description: The relevance of communication rest on its effectiveness. Effective communication means employing, good communication strategies to reach out to a target audience. In the case of a company, this target audience is either the employees, who are the internal audience or external stake holders…
The Relativistic Rindler Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Eling, Christopher
name: Meyer, Adiel
name: Oz, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a (d+2)-dimensional class of Lorentzian geometries holographically dual to a relativistic fluid flow in (d+1) dimensions. The fluid is defined on a (d+1)-dimensional time-like surface which is embedded in the (d+2)-dimensional bulk space-time and equipped with a flat intrinsic metric. We find two types of geometries that are solutions to the vacuum Einstein equations: the Rindler metric and the Taub plane symmetric vacuum. These correspond to dual perfect fluids with vanishing and negative energy densities respectively. While the Rindler geometry is characterized by a causal horizon, the Taub geometry has a timelike naked singularity, indicating pathological behavior. We construct the Rindler hydrodynamics up to the second order in derivatives of the fluid variables and show the positivity of its entropy current divergence.
description: 25 pages, 2 appendices; v3: improved presentation, corrected typos
Application of Neural Networks to the study of stellar model solutions
Creators: name: Pinheiro, F. J. G.
name: Simas, T.
name: Fernandes, J.
name: Ribeiro, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial neural networks (ANN) have different applications in Astronomy, including data reduction and data mining. In this work we propose the use ANNs in the identification of stellar model solutions. We illustrate this method, by applying an ANN to the 0.8M$_\odot$ star CG Cyg B. Our ANN was trained using 60,000 different 0.8M$_\odot$ stellar models. With this approach we identify the models which reproduce CG Cyg B's position in the HR diagram. We observe a correlation between the model's initial metal and helium abundance which, in most cases, does not agree with a helium to metal enrichment ratio $Δ$Y/$Δ$Z=2. Moreover, we identify a correlation between the model's initial helium/metal abundance and both its age and mixing-length parameter. Additionally, every model found has a mixing-length parameter below 1.3. This means that CG Cyg B's mixing-length parameter is clearly smaller than the solar one. From this study we conclude that ANNs are well suited to deal with the degeneracy of model solutions of solar type stars.
description: Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Airborne nanoparticle sizing by aerodynamic particle focusing and corona charging
Creators: name: Saprykina, Alena
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 115-127
description: Over the years, there have been increased indications that fine and ultrafine particles present in the air can cause significant health risks. A few instruments employing different techniques have been developed to measure real-time particle size distribution (PSD) in the air. Some of them can measure the PSD with high efficiency down to about 2.5 nm in diameter. However, existing techniques are quite expensive and sometimes require employment of an expendable and flammable fluid. In general, none of the conventional technologies allow combining high efficiency, easy access and low cost. Previous studies have shown that a new apparatus based on aerodynamic particle focusing and corona charging techniques produced good agreement in particle sizing and counting with the conventional one for particles larger than 60 nm. However, it was suggested that the corona charger generated particles less than 60 nm, and therefore could not be used directly in the range below 60 nm. In the present research the overall meterage system of the prototype was improved by determining the operational conditions which avoid particle generation. In addition, it was found that the corona charger section also filtered particles. Experimental investigation was introduced and an empirical correlation describing particle filtration rate was developed. Moreover, the theoretical part of the prototype operation was revised and corrected. It was found that the new apparatus could perform measurements without employing conventional techniques such as SMPS for its calibration. A comparison was made between the prototype and the SMPS using generated test particles in the size range below 300 nm (sodium chloride aerosol) to confirm accuracy of the developing apparatus' operation.
Dataset of selected archaeological dog specimens from medieval and early modern Estonia: metrics for the withers and crania, and values for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes
Creators: name: Nuut, Sander
name: Tõrv, Mari
name: Rannamäe, Eve
Publisher: name: University of Tartu
Year: 2023
Subjects: zooarchaeology
morphometrics
stable isotope analysis
Canis familiaris
dog

description: This dataset contains data collected during the study of archaeological dog remains. The dataset consists of three tables: (1) withers height data, (2) skull measurements data, (3) carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data. It is being made public both to act as supplementary data for publication Nuut et al. (in prep.) and the research project PRG29.
Some Comments on IMF Paper on Restructuring Sovereign Debt
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Stiglitz comments on the failure of the IMF Paper on Restructuring Sovereign Debt to note the importance of other conflicts of interest, the conflicts of interests among different creditors (including across different instruments) and the conflicts of interests between creditors and debtors.
An Approach of Digital Image Copyright Protection by Using Watermarking Technology
Creators: name: Reza, Md. Selim
name: Khan, Mohammed Shafiul Alam
name: Alam, Md. Golam Robiul
name: Islam, Serajul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital watermarking system is a paramount for safeguarding valuable resources and information. Digital watermarks are generally imperceptible to the human eye and ear. Digital watermark can be used in video, audio and digital images for a wide variety of applications such as copy prevention right management, authentication and filtering of internet content. The proposed system is able to protect copyright or owner identification of digital media, such as audio, image, video, or text. The system permutated the watermark and embed the permutated watermark into the wavelet coefficients of the original image by using a key. The key is randomly generated and used to select the locations in the wavelet domain in which to embed the permutated watermark. Finally, the system combines the concept of cryptography and digital watermarking techniques to implement a more secure digital watermarking system.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.3802 by other authors
Synthetic and mechanistic studies on ruthenium-catalyzed alkene metathesis
Creators: name: Van Der Eide, Edwin Floris
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 185-198
description: The mechanism of the ruthenium-catalyzed alkene metathesis reaction has been examined, providing insight into the catalytic cycle of this important chemical transformation. New neutral and cationic ruthenium phosphonium alkylidene complexes, varying in the steric bulk of the phosphorus substituents, have been characterized. The reaction of ruthenium carbide complexes (H2 1Mes)(PR'R2)(Cl)2Ru=C with hydrochloric acid affords five-coordinate trichlorides (H2 1Mes)(Cl)3Ru=C(H)PR'R2. Abstraction of a chloride anion from the trichlorides proceeds cleanly and quantitatively with B(C6F5)3, leading to ion pairs [(H21Mes)(Cl)2Ru=C(H)PR'R2t[ClB(C6F5)3r. Depending on the size of the phosphorus substituents, the cations may undergo reversible dimerization in solution to form doubly chloride-bridged, centrosymrnetric dimers. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for this dimerization process have been obtained. The dimers are not reactive toward ethene, whereas the monomers are very reactive toward ethene, forming a ruthenacyclobutane relevant to alkene metathesis. The reactivity of two cationic, monomeric, four-coordinate ruthenium phosphonium alkylidenes ([(H21Mes)(Cl)2Ru=C(H)P;Pr3t and [(H21Mes)(Cl)2Ru=C(H)PCy3t) toward a series of alkenes is compared. Both complexes undergo reactions with alkenes to generate transient, four-coordinate ruthenium alkylidenes (H2 1Mes)(Cl)2Ru=C(H)R. The triisopropyl-substituted ruthenium phosphonium alkylidene is found to be several orders of magnitude more reactive toward alkenes than the tricyclohexyl-substituted one. The study of a bicyclic ruthenacyclobutane of relevance to the ring-closing metathesis of dimethyl diallylmalonate is described. The ruthenacyclobutane was generated in high yield in CD2Cb solution and was fully characterized at low temperatures through spectroscopic and kinetic studies. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, 13C-labeling studies and theoretical calculations indicate that the more substituted ruthenacycle C-C bond in this intermediate is weaker than the less substituted ruthenacycle C-C bond. Kinetic studies of the reaction of the ruthenacyclobutane with ethene have shed light on the species involved in the ring-closing metathesis of dimethyl diallylmalonate. In the phosphine-free system that was studied, the dissociative loss of the RCM product dimethyl cyclopent-3-ene-l, 1-dicarboxylate from the bicyclic ruthenacyclobutane constitutes the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle, with a free energy barrier of only 65 kJ mol-1. The reactive, four-coordinate methylidene (H2 1Mes)(Cl)2Ru=CH2 is shown to be involved in the catalytic cycle. The mechanistic studies evidence the high inherent alkene metathesis reactivity that can be achieved with the Grubbs second generation catalyst platform.
title: Investigating Relationships Among Measures of English and Chinese Handwriting Fluency in Early-Elementary Chinese Dual Language Immersion Students
Creators: name: Chou, Petra Mei Wah Sin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between English and Chinese handwriting fluency measures in early-elementary Chinese Dual Language Immersion students. This was done by conducting five handwriting fluency tasks among Chinese Dual Language Immersion students and comparing the findings. First, the findings showed that there was a moderate correlation between the participants' English and Chinese handwriting fluencies and that English fluencies predicted Chinese fluencies. However, the students could write English numbers and letters much faster than Chinese characters. Second, as expected, Chinese DLI participants showed that handwriting fluency improved as grade level increased. Third, third-grade students were not much faster than second-grade students on both English number and English Chinese number tasks.
The study informs Chinese DLI programs as it shows that supplemental handwriting instruction is likely necessary to narrow the differences between English and Chinese handwriting fluencies. Instructional amount and quality could be improved to increase Chinese fluency, and English and Chinese partner teachers should collaborate more closely and complement each other's handwriting instructional efforts. In summary, this study identifies significant differences in English and Chinese handwriting fluencies, and further studies may be necessary to consider ways to address these differences.
High-energy asymptotic expansion of the Green function for one-dimensional Fokker-Planck and Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Miyazawa, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new formalism is presented for high-energy analysis of the Green function for Fokker-Planck and Schrödinger equations in one dimension. Formulas for the asymptotic expansion in powers of the inverse wave number are derived, and conditions for the validity of the expansion are studied through the analysis of the remainder term. The short-time expansion of the Green function is also discussed.
The Concept of Community Relations Practices as a Bench-Mark for Social Corporate Responsibility 21-Apr-2023 07-43-52.pdf
Creators: name: Akpanyia, Mathias  Oshie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Communication studies
Communication technology and digital media studies
Environmental communication
International and development communication
Journalism studies
Media industry studies
Media studies

description: This study took an in depth look on the concept of Community Relations practices as a Functional Management process required by corporate organizations who establish nosiness concerns in local communities. This study sought to find out what benefits the duo of corporate organizations and host communities stand to gain if the concepts is given a utility attention…
title: ДИАГНОСТИКА ПСЕВДОМОНОЗА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ
Creators: name: Скориков, А.В.
name: Кривонос, Р.А.
name: Забашта, Н.Н.
name: Чернов, А.Н.
name: Черных, О.Ю.
name: Мирошниченко, П.В.
name: Данильченко, О.Б.
name: Лисовицкая, Е.П.
name: Пруцаков, С.В.
name: Староселов, М.А.
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2023

description: В рекомендациях рассматриваются вопросы диагностики псевдомоноза сельскохозяйственных животных.
Методические рекомендации предназначены для специалистов диагностических лабораторий, научных учреждений и могут быть использованы в учебном процессе при подготовке обучающихся по специальности ветеринария – 36.05.01.
A note on the switching adiabatic theorem
Creators: name: Elgart, Alexander
name: Hagedorn, George A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q41, 81P68, 81Q05

description: We derive a nearly optimal upper bound on the running time in the adiabatic theorem for a switching family of Hamiltonians. We assume the switching Hamiltonian is in the Gevrey class $G^α$ as a function of time, and we show that the error in adiabatic approximation remains small for running times of order $g^{-2}\,|\ln\,g\,|^{6α}$. Here $g$ denotes the minimal spectral gap between the eigenvalue(s) of interest and the rest of the spectrum of the instantaneous Hamiltonian.
description: 20 pages, no figures, to appear in JMP
Debt Sustainability: Relief Target, Rule for Lending or Policy Goal for Low-Income Countries?
Creators: name: Martin, Matthew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Since the 1970s, there has been a growing economic literature analyzing how to decide whether a country’s debt is "sustainable". Since 1996, "debt sustainability" has become much more important, as debt relief initiatives for some low-income countries – especially those covered by the Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs) – have for the first time been based partly on the aim of making countries’ debt "sustainable", rather than on the lowest common denominator of what creditors are willing to provide. These initiatives have set threshold levels at which they consider debt to be "sustainable", and then encouraged creditors to reduce debt by amounts that allow countries to reach the thresholds, or go well below them.
Putting beauty in context: the influence of context beauty on beauty ratings
Creators: name: Tousignant, Cody
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 41-44
description: [ examined whether attributions of beauty, like attributions of remembering, are influenced by list context. Subjects viewed a context block of low- or high-beauty images before rating the beauty of a critical block of medium-beauty images. Across experiments, I varied the similarity of the context block to the critical block. When the images in each block were of the same subtype (e.g., modern architecture), beauty ratings for the first half of the critical block images were higher after a low-beauty than a high­beauty context. This contrast effect was absent when the context images were of a completely different type (e.g., spring landscapes), but it also occurred when the context images were only of a different subtype ( e.g., classic architecture). This pattern fit a functional account of attributions about subjective experience better than an expectancy­heuristic account. These experiments suggest that a domain-general evaluation process operates in both remembering and classification tasks.
Changes in Wage Inequality, 1970-1990
Creators: name: Mincer, Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: Skill differentials in wages declined in the1970s and rose in the 1980s, but aggregate wage inequality grew throughout the period. This divergence remains a puzzle in recent studies of U.S. wage inequality. In this paper the sometimes divergent paths of intergroup and intra-group inequality are explained by the human capital approach. In it, wages are the return on cumulated human capital investments. The inter-personal distributions of investments and of marginal rates of return on them are determined by individual supply and demand curves. Recent studies have shown that relative growth of human capital supply in the 1970s and of demand in the 1980s generated the U-shaped time pattern of ("between group") skill differentials. Argument and evidence in this paper show that a widening of dispersion among individual demand curves started in the 1970s and generated a continuous expansion of ("within group") residual wage inequality. The widening dispersion in demand curves reflects a growing skill bias in the demand for labor. Aggregate inequality grew throughout the period because within group inequality accounts for the larger part of total inequality.
Nonequilibrium Stationary States of Harmonic Chains with Bulk Noises
Creators: name: Bernardin, Cedric
name: Kannan, Venkateshan
name: Lebowitz, Joel L.
name: Lukkarinen, Jani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a chain composed of $N$ coupled harmonic oscillators in contact with heat baths at temperature $T_\ell$ and $T_r$ at sites 1 and $N$ respectively. The oscillators are also subjected to non-momentum conserving bulk stochastic noises. These make the heat conductivity satisfy Fourier's law. Here we describe some new results about the hydrodynamical equations for typical macroscopic energy and displacement profiles, as well as their fluctuations and large deviations, in two simple models of this type.
Doddiella maindroni
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Scelionidae
Doddiella
Doddiella maindroni

description: Doddiella maindroni (RISBEC, 1955)
Macroteleia maindroni n.sp: RISBEC 1955: 577 (descr. ♀, Obock), 578 (fig. 7).
Doddiella maindroni (RISBEC, 1955): MASNER 1976: 56 (tax., Obock).
Doddiella maindroni (RISBEC, 1955): JOHNSON 1992: 368 (world cat.).
Doddiella maindroni (RISBEC, 1955): FALLAHZADEH & POPOVICI 2016: 73 (tax.), 74 (world cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Doddiella maindroni is only known from Djibouti.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 909, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
1D multicomponent Fermions with delta function interaction in strong and weak coupling limits: $κ$-component Fermi gas
Creators: name: Guan, Xi-Wen
name: Ma, Zhong-Qi
name: Wilson, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the first few terms of the asymptotic expansion of the Fredholm equations for one-dimensional $κ$-component fermions with repulsive and with attractive delta-function interaction in strong and weak coupling regimes. We thus obtain a highly accurate result for the ground state energy of a multicomponent Fermi gas with polarization for these regimes. This result provides a unified description of the ground state properties of the Fermi gas with higher spin symmetries. However, in contrast to the two-component Fermi gas, there does not exist a mapping that can unify the two sets of Fredholm equations as the interacting strength vanishes. Moreover, we find that the local pair correlation functions shed light on the quantum statistic effects of the $κ$-component interacting fermions. For the balanced spin case with repulsive interaction, the ground state energy obtained confirms Yang and You's result [Chin. Phys. Lett. {\bf 28}, 020503 (2011)] that the energy per particle as $κ\to \infty$ is the same as for spinless Bosons.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Market Structure and the Timing of Technology Adoption with Network Externalities
Creators: name: Choi, Jay Pil
name: Thum, Marcel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: The paper shows that in the presence of network externalities, consumers adopt conventional technologies too early; the waiting option for a newly emerging technology is not exercised enough. This problem is aggravated when the new technology is provided by a single producer with market power because any positive value created via waiting by current consumers will be ex post appropriated by the monopolist. Therefore, the monopolist's power to extract surplus operates against his own interests in this dynamic setting. The paper also shows how the producer of a new technology can partially overcome the problem of too little waiting by using licensing as a commitment device.
Prototype selection for interpretable classification
Creators: name: Bien, Jacob
name: Tibshirani, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prototype methods seek a minimal subset of samples that can serve as a distillation or condensed view of a data set. As the size of modern data sets grows, being able to present a domain specialist with a short list of "representative" samples chosen from the data set is of increasing interpretative value. While much recent statistical research has been focused on producing sparse-in-the-variables methods, this paper aims at achieving sparsity in the samples. We discuss a method for selecting prototypes in the classification setting (in which the samples fall into known discrete categories). Our method of focus is derived from three basic properties that we believe a good prototype set should satisfy. This intuition is translated into a set cover optimization problem, which we solve approximately using standard approaches. While prototype selection is usually viewed as purely a means toward building an efficient classifier, in this paper we emphasize the inherent value of having a set of prototypical elements. That said, by using the nearest-neighbor rule on the set of prototypes, we can of course discuss our method as a classifier as well.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOAS495 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0908.2284
Yukawa unification in SUSY SO(10) in light of the LHC Higgs data
Creators: name: Badziak, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The status of top-bottom-tau Yukawa coupling unification in supersymmetric SO(10) models is reviewed with a particular emphasis on the implications of the Higgs boson mass in the vicinity of 125 GeV, as suggested by the LHC Higgs data. In addition, the recently proposed model with negative μ, D-term splitting of the soft scalar masses and non-universal gaugino masses generated by a non-zero F-term in a 24-dimensional representation of SU(5) \subset SO(10) is re-analysed in the context of the 125 GeV Higgs. The condition of top-bottom-tau Yukawa unification together with the Higgs mass of about 125 GeV impose strong lower mass limits on SUSY particles. Nevertheless, some of the MSSM particles may be within the reach of the LHC. In the case of models with positive μthis is the gluino. While in the case of negative μthese are the pseudoscalar Higgs, the lighter sbottom (sometimes strongly degenerate with the LSP leading to sbottom coannihilations), the right-handed down squark and the gluino.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, invited brief review to appear in MPLA