Procryphalus Hopkins 1915
Creators: name: Johnson, Andrew J.
name: Hulcr, Jiri
name: Knížek, Miloš
name: Atkinson, Thomas H.
name: Mandelshtam, Michail Yu.
name: Smith, Sarah M.
name: Cognato, Anthony I.
name: Park, Sangwook
name: Li, You
name: Jordal, Bjarte H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Procryphalus
Hemicryphalus

description: Procryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 33
(Fig. 31)
Type of genus
Procryphalus populi Hopkins, 1915.
Diagnosis
Distinguished from other Ernoporini and former Cryphalini by the rounded lateral margins of the pronotum, by the eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half, and by the proventriculus with clusters of giant spines.
Female
Elongate in appearance, at least 2.7 times as long as wide. Frons convex, slightly elongate. Eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half. Antennae with four funicle segments. Antennal club with one complete septum, and an additional straight suture. Pronotum with marginal asperities, sometimes anteriorly projected. Pronotum constricted and narrower than elytra. Lateral margin of pronotum rounded. All species mature black with pale scales. Proventriculus with large, sclerotized crop spines in clusters just anterior to the anterior plate.
Male
Externally similar to female. Penis apodemes much shorter than penis body, fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally, and of a similar thickness to penis apodemes. A very small median tegminal apodeme is present. Spiculum gastrale thicker than penis apodemes, with a fork. Basal sclerites visible. Genitalia very similar to Hemicryphalus.
Distribution
Holarctic, with one additional species from tropical Southeast Asia (Thailand).
Remarks
Four species known. Externally very similar to some species of Eidophelus, distinguished only by the antennae, by the rounded lateral margin of the pronotum, and by the proventriculus which has clusters of large long spines compared to sclerotized contiguous short spines in Eidophelus. The recent transfer of Dryocoetiops petioli to Procryphalus (Beaver et al. 2019) is supported by several multi-gene phylogenies (Jordal and Cognato 2012, Pistone et al. 2018) and the similar aedeagus and proventriculus (short apical plate with clusters of long crop spines). Very similar and dubiously distinct from Hemicryphalus, but available molecular data did not support the morphological similarity.
Type material examined
Holotype Cryphalus mucronatus LeConte, 1879 (MCZ); ‘Cotype’ Ernoporus fraxini Berger, 1917 (NHMW).
Included species Procryphalus fraxini (Berger, 1917: 238) (Ernoporus). Procryphalus mucronatus (LeConte, 1879: 518) (Cryphalus).
= Procryphalus idahoensis Hopkins, 1915: 34 (syn: Wood, 1954).
= Procryphalus populi Hopkins, 1915: 34 (syn: Wood, 1954). Procryphalus petioli (Beaver, 1990: 281) (Dryocoetiops) Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins, 1915: 33.
= Procryphalus aceris Hopkins, 1915: 33 (syn: Wood, 1954).
= Procryphalus salicis Hopkins, 1915: 33 (syn: Wood, 1954).
description: Published as part of Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You & Jordal, Bjarte H., 2020, Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), pp. 1-81 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3) on page 60, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixaa002, http://zenodo.org/record/3826789