cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dynamic-Win-Stay-Lose-Learn model with voluntary participation in social dilemma
Creators: name: Shi, Zhenyu
name: Wei, Wei
name: Feng, Xiangnan
name: Zhang, Ruizhi
name: Zheng, Zhiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, Win-Stay-Lose-Learn rule has attracted wide attention as an effective strategy updating rule, and voluntary participation is proposed by introducing a third strategy in Prisoner's dilemma game. Some researches show that combining Win-Stay-Lose-Learn rule with voluntary participation could promote cooperation more significantly under moderate temptation values, however, cooperators' survival under high aspiration levels and high temptation values is still a challenging problem. In this paper, inspired by Achievement Motivation Theory, a Dynamic-Win-Stay-Lose-Learn rule with voluntary participation is investigated, where a dynamic aspiration process is introduced to describe the co-evolution of individuals' strategies and aspirations. It is found that cooperation is extremely promoted and defection is almost extinct in our model, even when the initial aspiration levels and temptation values are high. The combination of dynamic aspiration and voluntary participation plays an active role since loners could survive under high initial aspiration levels and they will expand stably because of their fixed payoffs. The robustness of our model is also discussed and some adverse structures are found which should be alerted in the evolutionary process. Our work provides a more realistic model and shows that cooperators may prevail defectors in an unfavorable initial environment.
description: 13 pages,9 figures
Title Stabilization of Membrane Pores by Packing
Creators: name: Bicout, D. J.
name: Schmid, F.
name: Kats, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for pore stabilization in membranes without surface tension. Whereas an isolated pore is always unstable (since it either shrinks tending to re-seal or grows without bound til to membrane disintegration), it is shown that excluded volume interactions in a system of many pores can stabilize individual pores of a given size in a certain range of model parameters. For such a multipore membrane system, the distribution of pore size and associated pore lifetime are calculated within the mean field approximation. We predict that, above certain temperature when the effective line tension becomes negative, the membrane exhibits a dynamic sieve-like porous structure.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 6 of Heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene family in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): genome-wide identification, phylogeny, evolutionary expansion and expression analyses at the sprout stage under abiotic stress
Creators: name: Zhang, Qi
name: Geng, Jing
name: Du, Yanli
name: Zhao, Qiang
name: Zhang, Wenjing
name: Fang, Qingxi
name: Yin, Zhengong
name: Li, Jianghui
name: Yuan, Xiankai
name: Fan, Yaru
name: Cheng, Xin
name: Du, Jidao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S4. The database and software websites.
A high-flux, adjustable, compact cold-atom source
Creators: name: Ravenhall, Sean
name: Yuen, Benjamin
name: Foot, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) are widely used for laser cooling of atoms. We have developed a high-flux compact cold-atom source based on a pyramid MOT with a unique adjustable aperture that is highly suitable for portable quantum technology devices, including space-based experiments. The adjustability enabled an investigation into the previously unexplored impact of aperture size on the atomic flux, and optimisation of the aperture size allowed us to demonstrate a higher flux than any reported cold-atom sources that use a pyramid, LVIS, 3D-MOT or grating MOT. We achieved 2.0(1)x10^10 atoms/s of 87-Rb with a mean velocity of 32(1)m/s, FWHM of 27.6(9)m/s and divergence of 58(3)mrad. Halving the total optical power to 195mW caused only a 26% reduction of the flux, and a 33% decrease in mean velocity. Methods to further decrease the velocity as required have been identified. The low power consumption and small size make this design suitable for a wide range of cold-atom technologies.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Environment-Induced Decoherence in Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Prata, Joao Nuno
name: Dias, Nuno Costa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question of the appearence of ordinary quantum mechanics in the context of noncommutative quantum mechanics. We obtain the noncommutative extension of the Hu-Paz-Zhang master equation for a Brownian particle linearly coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators. We consider the particular case of an Ohmic regime.
description: 6 pages, Latex file, Presented by J.N.Prata at the Workshop on Advances in Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information with atoms and photons, 2-5 May 2006, Turin, Italy
FAIRplus D1.01 First 3 data sets from Pilots selected and available
Creators: name: Gribbon, Philip
name: Gu, Wei
name: Sanz, Ferran
name: Ioannidis, Vassilios
name: Kohler, Manfred
name: Zaliani, Andrea
name: Henderson, David
name: Reilly, Dorothy
name: Rocca-Serra, Philippe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: FAIRplus
FAIR
Data set
FAIR-ification
ELIXIR

description: Candidate Pilot IMI projects (eTOX, ND4BB-TRANSLOCATION, ReSOLUTE, Aetionomy, OncoTrack and OPENPhacts) were initially identified based upon a long list highlighted in the DoA and through the FAIRplus partner network. Summaries of the activities and data sets available within these candidate Pilot IMI projects were collected via a survey tool, and further information was presented at the FAIRplus kick-off event by project owners. Following review, WP1 prioritized 4 IMI projects as Pilots, (eTOX, ND4BB-TRANSLOCATION, ReSOLUTE and OncoTrack). The prioritized Pilots were ratified by the General Assembly and formally selected. Each project was then assigned a key FAIRplus contact person, who worked with the data owners to identify, prioritise and release suitable data sets to the FAIRplus consortium, Squads and WP2 / 3 members. As of 30.06.2019, data sets have been released from eTOX, ND4BB-TRANSLOCATION and ReSOLUTE. OncoTrack is on course to release data in July 2019.
description: This project has received funding from the Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No. 802750. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation and EFPIA companies.
Brane Inflation and Defect Formation
Creators: name: Davis, A. C.
name: Brax, P.
name: van de Bruck, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Brane inflation and the production of topological defects at the end of the inflationary phase are discussed. After a description of the inflationary setup we discuss the properties of the cosmic strings produced at the end of inflation. Specific examples of brane inflation are described: $D-\bar D$ inflation, $D3/D7$ inflation and modular inflation
description: talk by A.C. Davis at the Royal Society Discussion meeting; Cosmology meets Condensed Matter
MPEC 2024-T58 : 2024 TQ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TQ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Studies on the effect of experimental insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism on rat cardiac and saroplasmic reticulum function
Creators: name: Black, Shawn Clive
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The objective of these studies was to investigate mechanisms whereby cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium transport activity may be influenced by changes in the lipid environment of the SR membrane in the experimental endocrine disease states hypothyroidism and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. These endocrine disease states were studied to determine, respectively, if SR function is influenced by endogenous acylcarnitine associated with the SR membrane and if SR phospholipid acyl composition plays a role in diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. The effects of endogenous acylcarnitines on SR calcium transport in hypothyroidism were of interest since it has previously been implicated that acyl carnitines play a regulatory role in SR function. SR calcium transport was not affected at two weeks, but was significantly reduced at four, six and eight weeks following thyroidectomy. Endogenous acyl carnitines were detectable in the SR membrane fraction isolated from both euthyroid control and thyroidectomized animals. The level of acyl carnitine associated with the SR did not correlate with calcium transport activity. Since acylcarnitine did not appear to play a role in the reduced SR calcium transport, SR calcium pump protein was quantified. The reduced SR calcium transport of thyroidectomized animals, manifest at four weeks, was shown to correlate with a reduction in SR acylphosphoprotein level. Therefore the reduced SR calcium transport activity of hypothyroidism is not related to the level of SR acyl carnitine, but rather a hypothyroid-induced reduction in SR calcium pump sites. Since omega-3 fatty acids affect parameters relevant to diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy, it was of interest to determine the cardiac effects of omega-3 fatty acid treatment of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment significantly reduced the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and improved isolated cardiac SR calcium transport activity of STZ-induced diabetic animals. To determine if the cardiac and SR changes were related to membrane changes induced by omega-3 fatty acids, the fatty acyl composition of phospholipid was determined. Phospholipid analysis of cardiac phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and total SR phospholipid indicated modest changes in the omega-3 fatty acid component. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment produced slight (statistically insignificant) changes in SR cholesterol levels. Therefore a change in membrane phospholipid acyl composition may not account for the observed cardiac and SR functional changes.
Maori Education: Revolution and Transformative Action
Creators: name: Smith, Graham Hingangaroa
Publisher: name: Canadian Journal of Native Education
Year: 2021

description: This article discusses the most dramatic changes in the New Zealand education system since it was formally established in the 1860s. Maori people who were prepared to go outside the existing state schooling system developed these revolu­tionary changes. They were motivated to make drastic educational change because they were concerned about the educational underachievement of their children and the loss of their language, knowledge, and culture. The article highlights the critical intervention elements at the core of the Maori education revolution, which centers on the use of traditional and contemporary notions of whanau (extended family) values, practices, and structures. Since 1982 Maori people have developed several alternative education innovations in a variety of education sites. These in­clude preschool (Te Kohanga Reo), primary schools (Kura Kaupapa Maori), secon­dary schools (Whare Kura), and postsecondary sites (Whare Waananga). All these initiatives have been based on Kaupapa Maori as a theory and practice of transformation.
description: Canadian Journal of Native Education, Vol. 24 No. 1 (2000)
MPEC 2024-T59 : 2024 SX9
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 SX9

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The art of the zine and the DIY aesthetic: exploring and experimenting with multimodal storytelling
Creators: name: DeLaRosa, Aaron
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: "Zines", short for "fanzines" refer to small-circulation self-published works containing original and/or appropriated texts and images, reproduced by photocopier. They are usually the work of one person or a small group of people. Due to their informal, ephemeral nature, do-it-yourself or "DIY" workmanship and relatively inexpensive production, they are popular within underground countercultures and marginalized groups, serving as a medium for profoundly personal and political narratives. Highly individualized and created without financial incentives, it allows great freedom of expression and room for experimentation with presentation, form, and design which in turn creates connections between creator and reader made possible only by the materiality of the medium. For my capstone, I chose to create a zine, under the direction of Professor Lauren Grodstein, a well-respected and published author and educator. I wanted to explore and experiment with different modes of storytelling over a long-form narrative arc drawn from personal experiences and utilize multiple styles and techniques. By drawing on a range of features of materiality, I hoped to create a more personal and immersive work.
Dynamics of a droplet migration in oscillatory and pulsating microchannel flows and prediction and uncertainty quantification of its lateral equilibrium position using Multi Fidelity Gaussian processes
Creators: name: Lafzi, Ali
name: Dabiri, Sadegh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of a droplet in oscillatory and pulsating flows of a Newtonian fluid in a microchannel has been studied numerically. The effects of oscillation frequency, surface tension, and channel flow rate have been explored by simulating the drop within a microchannel. These types of flows introduce new equilibrium positions for the drop compared to steady flows with similar conditions. The simulation results are very sensitive to the grid resolution due to the unsteady behavior of the base flow. Therefore, a set of fine grids have been used in this study to capture the physics of this problem more accurately. However, these fine grids make the computations significantly expensive. Therefore, a Multi Fidelity Gaussian processes method with two levels of fidelity has been used to predict the results of the remaining fine-grid simulations along with their uncertainties based on their correlations with those of the coarse-grid cases over a wide range of input parameters.
Magnetoelastic nature of solid oxygen epsilon-phase structure
Creators: name: Gomonay, Helen V.
name: Loktev, Vadim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a long time a crystal structure of high-pressure epsilon-phase of solid oxygen was a mistery. Basing on the results of recent experiments that have solved this riddle we show that the magnetic and crystal structure of epsilon-phase can be explained by strong exchange interactions of antiferromagnetic nature. The singlet state implemented on quaters of O2 molecules has the minimal exchange energy if compared to other possible singlet states (dimers, trimers). Magnetoelastic forces that arise from the spatial dependence of the exchange integral give rise to transformation of 4(O2) rhombuses into the almost regular quadrates. Antiferromagnetic character of the exchange interactions stabilizes distortion of crystal lattice in epsilon-phase and impedes such a distortion in long-range alpha- and delta-phases.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, Changes: corrected typos, reference to the recent paper is added
Local density of states and scattering rates across the many-body localization transition
Creators: name: Jana, Atanu
name: Chandra, V. Ravi
name: Garg, Arti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the many-body localization (MBL) transition in strongly disordered and interacting quantum systems is an important issue in the field of condensed matter physics. We study the single particle Green's functions for a disordered interacting system in one dimension using exact diagnonalization in the infinite temperature limit and provide strong evidence that single particle excitations carry signatures of delocalization to MBL transition. In the delocalized phase, the typical values of the local density of states and the scattering rate are finite while in the MBL phase, the typical values for both the quantities become vanishingly small. The probability distribution functions of the local density of states and the scattering rate are broad log-normal distributions in the delocalized phase while the distributions become very narrow and sharply peaked close to zero in the MBL phase. We also study the eigenstate Green's function for all the many-body eigenstates and demonstrate that both, the energy resolved typical scattering rate and the typical local density of states, can track the many-body mobility edges.
description: A few changes to the text to improve clarity. No change in results. Close to the published version
Fluctuation relation, fluctuation theorem, thermostats and entropy creation in non equilibrium statistical Physics
Creators: name: Gallavotti, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unified viewpoint is presented in margin to the ``Work, dissipation and fluctuations in nonequilibrium physics'', Bruxelles 22-25 March, 2006, where the topics were discussed by various authors and it became clear the need that the very different viewpoints be consistently presented by their proponents.
description: Latex Revtex
A functional approach to the next to eikonal approximation of high energy gravitational scattering
Creators: name: Fazio, A. R.
name: R., E. A. Reyes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fradkin-Schwinger functional methods to represent a Green function in an external gravitational field are used to study the eikonal and the next-to-eikonal limit, including the nonlinear gravitational interactions, of the scattering amplitudes of an ultra-relativistic scalar particle on a static super-massive scalar target in the nearly forward limit. The functional approach confirms the exponentiation of the leading eikonal which also applies to the first non-leading power in the energy of the light particle, moreover includes the interaction at impact parameter much larger than the Schwarzschild radius associated with the center of mass energy in the ultra-relativistic limit.
description: 21 pages
MPEC 2024-T60 : 2024 TR
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TR

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Quasi-degenerate neutrinos and leptogenesis from L_mu-L_tau
Creators: name: Chun, E. J.
name: Turzynski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a framework for quasi-degenerate neutrinos consistent with a successful leptogenesis, based on the L_mu-L_tau flavor symmetry and its breaking pattern. In this scheme, a fine-tuning is needed to arrange the small solar neutrino mass splitting. Once it is ensured, the atmospheric neutrino mass splitting and the deviation from the maximal atmospheric mixing angle are driven by the same symmetry breaking parameter lambda~0.1, and the reactor angle is predicted to be slightly smaller than lambda, while the Dirac CP phase is generically of order one. Given that the pseudo-Dirac nature of right-handed neutrinos is protected from the flavor symmetry breaking, a small mass splitting can be generated radiatively. For moderate values of tan(beta)~10, this allows for low-scale supersymmetric leptogenesis, overcoming a strong wash-out effect of the quasi-degenerate light neutrinos and evading the gravitino overproduction.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; (v2) discussion extended and clarified, references added; (v3) typos corrected, matches the published version
Asymptotic behavior of the Poisson--Dirichlet distribution for large mutation rate
Creators: name: Dawson, Donald A.
name: Feng, Shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10 (Primary) 92D10 (Secondary)

description: The large deviation principle is established for the Poisson--Dirichlet distribution when the parameter $θ$ approaches infinity. The result is then used to study the asymptotic behavior of the homozygosity and the Poisson--Dirichlet distribution with selection. A phase transition occurs depending on the growth rate of the selection intensity. If the selection intensity grows sublinearly in $θ$, then the large deviation rate function is the same as the neutral model; if the selection intensity grows at a linear or greater rate in $θ$, then the large deviation rate function includes an additional term coming from selection. The application of these results to the heterozygote advantage model provides an alternate proof of one of Gillespie's conjectures in [Theoret. Popul. Biol. 55 145--156].
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051605000000818 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
On singular Calogero-Moser spaces
Creators: name: Bellamy, Gwyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using combinatorial properties of complex reflection groups, we show that the generalised Calogero-Moser space associated to the centre of the corresponding rational Cherednik algebra is singular for all values of its deformation parameter c if and only if the group is different from the wreath product $S_n\wr C_m$ and the binary tetrahedral group. This result and a theorem of Ginzburg and Kaledin imply that there does not exist a symplectic resolution of the singular symplectic variety h+h*/W outside of these cases; conversely we show that there exists a symplectic resolution for the binary tetrahedral group (Hilbert schemes provide resolutions for the wreath product case).
description: Conjecture 1.3 of version 1 is proved as Corollary 4.2. Inconsistent use of notation in the proof of Lemma 3.3 corrected (thanks to Ulrich Thiel for pointing this out)
Law and authority in British Columbia, 1821-1871
Creators: name: Loo, Tina Merrill
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The central concern of this dissertation is to understand the nature of political authority in pre-Confederation British Columbia through an examination of the colony's law and its courts. In British Columbia, as in other parts of the Anglo-North American world, the law was closely associated with maintaining and upholding political authority, by contributing to both its institutional and ethical foundations. The ability of states to do acts of a specified nature and to impose sanctions if impeded-- its authority -- rests on consent to the "rule of law." The rule of law encompasses the idea that everyone is subject to the same rules of conduct, sanctions and rewards regardless of his condition. Ultimately, the rule of law guarantees equality in an otherwise inequitable world. Commentators have pointed out that the rule of law is a fiction. Law is normative, and hence the authority it upholds is as well. In British Columbia the rule of law was firmly tied to the market, not the moral economy. British Columbia's law and courts bore the imprint of the colony's commercial economy and its geography. Colonial law and the courts provided a rule-bound arena in which to resolve disputes in a predictable, efficient and standardized manner that suited the demands of a market economy. Capitalism also profoundly shaped the ethical basis on which political authority in British Columbia rested. Commerce involved people in complex relationships. Trials to resolve commercial disputes reflected this complexity. They were lengthy affairs which generated masses of detailed and often technical information. If the demands of the commercial economy for predictable, efficient and standardized conflict resolution were to be met, the Intervention of experts, like lawyers, who could impose order on this mass of information was necessary. Political authority In British Columbia became less paternal and resident in the person of the Judge, and more textual and embedded in printed statutes, precedents and legal texts, as well as the experts who could interpret them.
A model for rolling swarms of locusts
Creators: name: Topaz, Chad M.
name: Bernoff, Andrew J.
name: Logan, Sheldon
name: Toolson, Wyatt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an individual-based kinematic model of rolling migratory locust swarms. The model incorporates social interactions, gravity, wind, and the effect of the impenetrable boundary formed by the ground. We study the model using numerical simulations and tools from statistical mechanics, namely the notion of H-stability. For a free-space swarm (no wind and gravity), as the number of locusts increases, it approaches a crystalline lattice of fixed density if it is H-stable, and in contrast becomes ever more dense if it is catastrophic. Numerical simulations suggest that whether or not a swarm rolls depends on the statistical mechanical properties of the corresponding free-space swarm. For a swarm that is H-stable in free space, gravity causes the group to land and form a crystalline lattice. Wind, in turn, smears the swarm out along the ground until all individuals are stationary. In contrast, for a swarm that is catastrophic in free space, gravity causes the group to land and form a bubble-like shape. In the presence of wind, the swarm migrates with a rolling motion similar to natural locust swarms. The rolling structure is similar to that observed by biologists, and includes a takeoff zone, a landing zone, and a stationary zone where grounded locusts can rest and feed.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
The molecular polar disc in NGC 2768
Creators: name: Crocker, Alison F.
name: Bureau, Martin
name: Young, Lisa M.
name: Combes, Francoise
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) maps of the molecular polar disc in the elliptical galaxy NGC 2768 obtained at the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer. The maps have a resolution of 2.6" x 2.3" and 1.2" x 1.2" for the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) lines, respectively. The CO maps complete the unique picture of the interstellar medium (ISM) of NGC 2768; the dust, molecular gas, ionised gas and neutral hydrogen (HI) trace the recent acquisition of cold and cool gas over two orders of magnitude in radii (and much more in density). In agreement with the other ISM components, the CO distribution extends nearly perpendicularly to the photometric major axis of the galaxy. Velocity maps of the CO show a rotating polar disc or ring in the inner kiloparsec. This cool gas could lead to kinematic substructure formation within NGC 2768. However, the stellar velocity field and H-beta absorption linestrength maps from the optical integral-field spectrograph SAURON give no indication of a young and dynamically cold stellar population coincident with the molecular polar disc. Very recent or weak star formation, undetectable in linestrengths, nevertheless remains a possibility and could be at the origin of some of the ionised gas observed. Millimetre continuum emission was also detected in NGC 2768, now one of only a few low-luminosity active galactic nuclei with observed millimetre continuum emission.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 11 pages, 8 figures
Attack Tree Analysis for Adversarial Evasion Attacks
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Yuki
name: Aoki, Toshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, the evolution of deep learning has promoted the application of machine learning (ML) to various systems. However, there are ML systems, such as autonomous vehicles, that cause critical damage when they misclassify. Conversely, there are ML-specific attacks called adversarial attacks based on the characteristics of ML systems. For example, one type of adversarial attack is an evasion attack, which uses minute perturbations called "adversarial examples" to intentionally misclassify classifiers. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk of ML-specific attacks in introducing ML base systems. In this study, we propose a quantitative evaluation method for analyzing the risk of evasion attacks using attack trees. The proposed method consists of the extension of the conventional attack tree to analyze evasion attacks and the systematic construction method of the extension. In the extension of the conventional attack tree, we introduce ML and conventional attack nodes to represent various characteristics of evasion attacks. In the systematic construction process, we propose a procedure to construct the attack tree. The procedure consists of three steps: (1) organizing information about attack methods in the literature to a matrix, (2) identifying evasion attack scenarios from methods in the matrix, and (3) constructing the attack tree from the identified scenarios using a pattern. Finally, we conducted experiments on three ML image recognition systems to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of our proposed method.
description: 10 pages
Deterministic Generation of Genuine Tri-Partite Hybrid Atom-Photon Entanglement through Dissipation
Creators: name: Barberis-Blostein, Pablo
name: Marino, Alberto M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to deterministically generate genuine multi-partite entanglement is fundamental for the advancement of quantum information science. We show that the interaction between entangled twin beams of light and an atomic ensemble under conditions for electromagnetically induced transparency leads to the generation of genuine hybrid tri-partite entanglement between the two input fields and the atomic ensemble. In such a configuration, the system is driven through dissipation to a steady state given by the hybrid entangled state. To show the presence of the genuine hybrid entanglement, we introduce a new approach to treat the atomic operators that makes it possible to show a violation of a tri-partite entanglement criterion based on the properties of the two optical fields and collective properties of the atomic ensemble. Additionally, we show that while each of the input optical fields does not exhibit single beam quadrature squeezing, as the fields propagate through the atomic medium their individual quadratures can become squeezed and in some cases oscillate between the presence and absence of squeezing. Finally, we propose a technique to characterize the tri-partite entanglement through joint measurements of the fields leaving the atomic medium, making such an approach experimentally accessible.
Efficient Physics-Based Learned Reconstruction Methods for Real-Time 3D Near-Field MIMO Radar Imaging
Creators: name: Manisali, Irfan
name: Oral, Okyanus
name: Oktem, Figen S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Near-field multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar imaging systems have recently gained significant attention. In this paper, we develop novel non-iterative deep learning-based reconstruction methods for real-time near-field MIMO imaging. The goal is to achieve high image quality with low computational cost at compressive settings. The developed approaches have two stages. In the first approach, physics-based initial stage performs adjoint operation to back-project the measurements to the image-space, and deep neural network (DNN)-based second stage converts the 3D backprojected measurements to a magnitude-only reflectivity image. Since scene reflectivities often have random phase, DNN processes directly the magnitude of the adjoint result. As DNN, 3D U-Net is used to jointly exploit range and cross-range correlations. To comparatively evaluate the significance of exploiting physics in a learning-based approach, two additional approaches that replace the physics-based first stage with fully connected layers are also developed as purely learning-based methods. The performance is also analyzed by changing the DNN architecture for the second stage to include complex-valued processing (instead of magnitude-only processing), 2D convolution kernels (instead of 3D), and ResNet architecture (instead of U-Net). Moreover, we develop a synthesizer to generate large-scale dataset for training with 3D extended targets. We illustrate the performance through experimental data and extensive simulations. The results show the effectiveness of the developed physics-based learned reconstruction approach in terms of both run-time and image quality at highly compressive settings. Our source codes and dataset are made available at GitHub.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in Digital Signal Processing, see DOI below. The source codes and the dataset are made available at https://github.com/METU-SPACE-Lab/Efficient-Learned-3D-Near-Field-MIMO-Imaging
Extreme High-velocity Outflows from High-redshift BOSS Quasars
Creators: name: Chen, Chen
name: Hamann, Fred
name: Ma, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is common to assume that all narrow absorption lines (NALs) at extreme high-velocity shifts form in cosmologically intervening gas or galaxies unrelated to quasars. However, previous detailed studies of individual quasars have shown that some NALs at these large velocity shifts do form in high-speed quasar ejecta. We search for extreme high-velocity NAL outflows (with speeds $\sim$0.1-0.2c) based on relationships with associated absorption lines (AALs) and broad absorption-line (BAL) outflows. We find that high-velocity NALs are strongly correlated with AALs, BALs, and radio loudness, indicating that a significant fraction of high-velocity systems are either ejected from the quasars or form in material swept up by the radio jets (and are not unrelated intervening gas). We also consider line-locked C IV doublets as another indicator of high-velocity NALs formed in outflows. The fact that line-locked NALs are highly ionized and correlated with BAL outflows and radio-loud quasars implies that physical line locking due to radiative forces is both common and real, which provides indirect evidence that a significant fraction of high-velocity NALs are intrinsic to quasars.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2010.07622
The (54Fe+58Ni)/56Ni ratio as a second parameter for Type Ia supernova properties
Creators: name: Mazzali, Paolo A.
name: Podsiadlowski, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variation of the relative content of (54Fe+58Ni) versus 56Ni may be responsible for the observed scatter of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) about a mean relation between their intrinsic brightness and the shape of their light curve. Synthetic light curves are computed of parametrised Chandrasekhar-mass explosion models of constant kinetic energy, where the ejecta are divided into an inner NSE zone, composed of (54Fe+58Ni) inside and 56Ni outside, an outer zone with Intermediate Mass Elements and a CO zone. Both the size of the NSE zone and the fraction of (54Fe+58Ni) v. 56Ni are varied systematically. Models with the same original NSE content but different (54Fe+58Ni)/56Ni ratios reach different peak brightness but have similar light curve shapes. Synthetic spectra indicate that the V-band decline rate is not affected by the (54Fe+58Ni)/56Ni ratio. While the 56Ni mass and the total NSE mass are the dominant parameters determining the peak luminosity and the shape of the light curve, respectively, a variation in the (54Fe+58Ni)/56Ni ratio, which may depend on the metallicity of the progenitor (Timmes, Brown & Truran 2003) is likely to account for a significant part of the observed scatter of local SNe Ia about the mean brightness--decline rate relation.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Affective information processing of fake news: evidence from NeuroIS
Creators: name: Lutz, Bernhard
name: Adam, Marc T. P.
name: Feuerriegel, Stefan
name: Pröllochs, Nicolas
name: Neumann, Dirk
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Fake news undermines individuals’ ability to make informed decisions. However, the theoretical understanding of how users assess online news as real or fake has thus far remained incomplete. In particular, previous research cannot explain why users fall for fake news inadvertently and despite careful thinking. In this work, we study the role of affect when users assess online news as real or fake. We employ NeuroIS measurements as a complementary approach beyond self-reports, which allows us to capture affective responses in situ, i.e., directly in the moment they occur. We draw upon cognitive dissonance theory, which suggests that users experiencing affective responses avoid unpleasant information to reduce psychological discomfort. In our NeuroIS experiment, we measured affective responses based on electrocardiography and eye tracking. We find that lower heart rate variability and shorter mean fixation duration are associated with greater perceived fakeness and a higher probability of incorrect assessments, thus providing evidence of affective information processing. These findings imply that users may fall for fake news automatically and without even noticing. This has direct implications for information systems (IS) research and practice as effective countermeasures against fake news must account for affective information processing.
A statistical analysis of a Galactic all sky survey at 1.4 GHz
Creators: name: Burigana, C.
name: La Porta, L.
name: Reich, P.
name: Reich, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio surveys at frequencies of about 1 GHz allow to map the synchrotron emission in a frequency range where (except for very low Galactic latitudes or towards localized regions) it dominates over the other radio components. New all sky total intensity and polarization data at 1.4 GHz have been recently collected. We focus on the Galactic radio emission correlation properties described in terms of angular power spectrum (APS). We present for the first time the APS, in both total intensity and polarization modes, for some representative Galactic cuts and suitable APS power law parametrizations.
description: Comments: 2 pages, 2 figures; in Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol.327, Issue 5/6, p.491 (2006); Proceedings of International Conference "The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Magnetism", 29 August - 2 September 2005, CNR Area della Ricerca, Bologna, Italy, eds. R. Beck, G. Brunetti, L. Feretti, and B. Gaensler
Driven particle in a one dimensional periodic potential with feedback control: efficiency and power optimization
Creators: name: V, Kiran
name: Joseph, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Brownian particle moving in a staircase-like potential with feedback control offers a way to implement Maxwell's demon. An experimental demonstration of such a system using sinusoidal periodic potential carried out by Toyabe et al. has shown that information about the particle's position can be converted to useful work. In this paper, we carry out a numerical study of a similar system using Brownian dynamics simulation. A Brownian particle moving in a periodic potential under the action of a constant driving force is made to move against the drive by measuring the position of the particle and effecting feedback control by altering potential. The work is extracted during the potential change and from the movement of the particle against the external drive. These work extractions come at the cost of information gathered during the measurement. Efficiency and work extracted per cycle of this information engine are optimized by varying control parameters as well as feedback protocols. Both these quantities are found to crucially depend on the amplitude of the periodic potential as well as the width of the region over which the particle is searched for during the measurement phase. For the case when potential flip ($i.e.$, changing the phase of the potential by $180$ degrees) is used as the feedback mechanism, we argue that the square potential offers a more efficient information-to-work conversion. The control over the numerical parameters and averaging over large number of trial runs allow one to study the non-equilibrium work relations with feedback for this process with precision. It is seen that the generalized integral fluctuation theorem for error free measurements holds to within the accuracy of the simulation.
description: Manuscript including 10 pages and 13 figures
Affective Information Processing of Fake News: Evidence from NeuroIS
Creators: name: Lutz, Bernhard
name: Adam, Marc T. P.
name: Feuerriegel, Stefan
name: Pröllochs, Nicolas
name: Neumann, Dirk
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Fake news undermines individuals’ ability to make informed decisions. However, the theoretical understanding of how users assess online news as real or fake has thus far remained incomplete. In particular, previous research cannot explain why users fall for fake news inadvertently and despite careful thinking. In this work, we study the role of affect when users assess online news as real or fake. We employ NeuroIS measurements as a complementary approach beyond self-reports, which allows us to capture affective responses in situ, i.e., directly in the moment they occur. We draw upon cognitive dissonance theory, which suggests that users experiencing affective responses avoid unpleasant information to reduce psychological discomfort. In our NeuroIS experiment, we measured affective responses based on electrocardiography and eye tracking. We find that lower heart rate variability and shorter mean fixation duration are associated with greater perceived fakeness and a higher probability of incorrect assessments, thus providing evidence of affective information processing. These findings imply that users may fall for fake news automatically and without even noticing. This has direct implications for information systems (IS) research and practice as effective countermeasures against fake news must account for affective information processing.
Observation of the 1S0 - 3P0 clock transition in 27Al+
Creators: name: Rosenband, T.
name: Schmidt, P. O.
name: Hume, D. B.
name: Itano, W. M.
name: Fortier, T. M.
name: Stalnaker, J. E.
name: Kim, K.
name: Diddams, S. A.
name: Koelemeij, J. C. J.
name: Bergquist, J. C.
name: Wineland, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report for the first time, laser spectroscopy of the 1S0 - 3P0 clock transition in 27Al+. A single aluminum ion and a single beryllium ion are simultaneously confined in a linear Paul trap, coupled by their mutual Coulomb repulsion. This coupling allows the beryllium ion to sympathetically cool the aluminum ion, and also enables transfer of the aluminum's electronic state to the beryllium's hyperfine state, which can be measured with high fidelity. These techniques are applied to a measurement of the clock transition frequency, ν= 1 121 015 393 207 851(8) Hz. They are also used to measure the lifetime of the metastable clock state, τ= 20.6 +/- 1.4 s, the ground state 1S0 g-factor, g_S = -0.00079248(14), and the excited state 3P0 g-factor, g_P = -0.00197686(21), in units of the Bohr magneton.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; updated author list