cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Star Formation and Stellar Mass Assembly in Dark Matter Halos: From Giants to Dwarfs
Creators: name: Lu, Zhankui
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Lu, Yu
name: Katz, Neal
name: Weinberg, Martin D.
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Yang, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The empirical model of Lu et al. 2014 is updated with recent data and used to study galaxy star formation and assembly histories. At $z > 2$, the predicted galaxy stellar mass functions are steep, and a significant amount of star formation is hosted by low-mass haloes that may be missed in current observations. Most of the stars in cluster centrals formed earlier than $z\approx 2$ but have been assembled much later. Milky Way mass galaxies have had on-going star formation without significant mergers since $z\approx 2$, and are thus free of significant (classic) bulges produced by major mergers. In massive clusters, stars bound in galaxies and scattered in the halo form a homogeneous population that is old and with solar metallicity. In contrast, in Milky Way mass systems the two components form two distinct populations, with halo stars being older and poorer in metals by a factor of $\approx 3$. Dwarf galaxies in haloes with $M_{\rm h} < 10^{11}h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ have experienced a star formation burst accompanied by major mergers at $z > 2$, followed by a nearly constant star formation rate after $z = 1$. The early burst leaves a significant old stellar population that is distributed in spheroids.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures
Strongly Intensive Measures for Particle Number Fluctuations: Effects of Hadronic Resonances
Creators: name: Begun, Viktor V.
name: Gorenstein, Mark I.
name: Grebieszkow, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly intensive measures $Δ$ and $Σ$ are used to study event-by-event fluctuations of hadron multiplicities in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The effects of resonance decays are investigated within statistical model and relativistic transport model. Two specific examples are considered: resonance decays to two positively charged particles (e.g., $Δ^{++}\rightarrow p+ π^+$) and to $π^+π^-$-pairs. (e.g., $ρ^0\rightarrow π^-+π^+$). It is shown that resonance abundances at the chemical freeze-out can be estimated by measuring the fluctuations of the number of stable hadrons. These model results are compared to the full hadron-resonance gas analysis within both the grand canonical and canonical ensemble. The ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model of nucleus-nucleus collisions is used to illustrate the role of global charge conservation, centrality selection, and limited experimental acceptance.
description: expanded discussions; added references; version published in J. Phys. G
Effects of pion potential and nuclear symmetry energy on the $π^{-}/π^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies around the pion production threshold
Creators: name: Guo, Wen-Mei
name: Yong, Gao-Chan
name: Liu, Hang
name: Zuo, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of the isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck(IBUU) transport model, we studied the effects of the pion potential and the symmetry energy on the pion production in the central $^{197}Au+^{197}Au$ collisions around the pion production threshold. It is found that the pion potential has opposite effects on the value of $π^-/π^+$ ratio at low and high pion energies. The effect of the pion potential on the total $π^-/π^+$ ratio becomes larger in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies below the pion production threshold. And at beam energies below the pion production threshold, with the pion potential, the effect of the symmetry energy on the $π^-/π^+$ ratio becomes smaller compared with that above the pion production threshold.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, PRC in production
Feasible implementation strategies (Kelley et al., 2020)
Creators: name: Kelley, Elizabeth Spencer
name: Barker, R. Michael
name: Peters-Sanders, Lindsey
name: Madsen, Keri
name: Seven, Yagmur
name: Soto, Xigrid
name: Olsen, Wendy
name: Goldstein, Howard
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Language

description: Purpose: Many children begin school with limited vocabularies, placing them at a high risk of academic difficulties. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of a vocabulary intervention program, Story Friends, designed to improve vocabulary knowledge of at-risk preschool children.Method: Twenty-four early-childhood classrooms were enrolled in a cluster-randomized design to evaluate the effects of a revised Story Friends curriculum. In each classroom, three to four preschoolers were identified as having poor language abilities, for a total of 84 participants. In treatment classrooms, explicit vocabulary instruction was embedded in prerecorded storybooks and opportunities for review and practice of target vocabulary were integrated into classroom and home practice activities. In comparison classrooms, prerecorded storybooks included target vocabulary, but without explicit instruction, and classroom and home strategies focused on general language enrichment strategies without specifying vocabulary targets to teach. Intervention activities took place over 13 weeks, and 36 challenging, academically relevant vocabulary words were targeted.Results: Children in the treatment classrooms learned significantly more words than children in the comparison classrooms, who learned few target words based on exposure. Large effect sizes (mean d = 1.83) were evident as the treatment group averaged 42% vocabulary knowledge versus 11% in the comparison group, despite a gradual decline in vocabulary learning by the treatment group over the school year.Conclusions: Findings indicate that a carefully designed vocabulary intervention can produce substantial gains in children’s vocabulary knowledge. The Story Friends program is feasible for delivery in early childhood classrooms and effective in teaching challenging vocabulary to high-risk preschoolers.
Supplemental Material S1. Figure of listening center arrangement, examples of storybooks, classroom, and home materials.
Supplemental Material S2. Listening center observation checklist.
Supplemental Material S3. Teacher attendance and procedural fidelity checklist.
Kelley, E. S., Barker, R. M., Peters-Sanders, L., Madsen, K., Seven, Y., Soto, X., Olsen, W., & Goldstein, H. (2020). Feasible implementation strategies for improving vocabulary knowledge of high-risk preschoolers: Results from a cluster-randomized trial. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00316
title: Felix Hurdes und das "österreichische Deutsch"
Creators: name: Lenzenhofer, Philip
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit befasst sich mit Konzepten, sprach(en)politischen Handlungen und sprachideologischen Positionen von Felix Hurdes bezüglich eines „österreichischen Deutsch“ im Zuge seiner Tätigkeit als Unterrichtsminister in der Frühphase der Zweiten Österreichischen Republik. Dabei sind drei zentrale Fragen relevant, die den Fokus der Arbeit bilden: Welches Konzept eines „österreichischen Deutsch“ und welche (Sprach-)Ideologien reflektieren die publizistischen und (sprach-)politischen Aktivitäten von Felix Hurdes? Welche sprachplanerischen Maßnahmen lassen sich unmittelbar und in welchem Ausmaß mit seiner politischen Tätigkeit – insbesondere als Unterrichtsminister von 1945 bis 1952 – in Verbindung bringen? Wie gestaltete sich diesbezüglich die Zusammenarbeit von Felix Hurdes mit den zuständigen Behörden der Besatzungsmächte? Die Arbeit gliedert sich in vier Teile. Neben einleitenden Vorbemerkungen und einer konzisen Darlegung von Felix Hurdes’ Biografie werden zunächst einerseits Erkenntnisse aus der Sprachideologie- und Sprach(en)politikforschung sowie ein kurzer Abriss des aktuellen Forschungsstandes zum „österreichischen Deutsch“ präsentiert, andererseits wird ein komprimierter Einblick in die Zeitgeschichte der Zweiten Österreichischen Republik von 1945–1945 ermöglicht. Anschließend wird umfassendes, entsprechend aufbereitetes Quellenmaterial im Hinblick auf die oben genannten Forschungsfragen qualitativ-inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet bzw. kontextualisiert. Diese methodische Vorgehensweise ist insofern in den Metarahmen der Diskurslinguistik eingebettet, als Felix Hurdes als höchst relevanter Akteur in den einschlägigen zeitgenössischen Diskursen gelten darf. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass Felix Hurdes keinerlei linguistisch fundierte Vorstellungen von einem „österreichischen Deutsch“ (und insbesondere nicht von einer entsprechenden Varietät im Sinne einer „plurizentrischen“ Konzeption) vertreten / propagiert hat. Dennoch konnte er aufgrund seiner ideologischen Positionierung für ein selbstständiges Österreich respektive eine österreichische Nation und dank seiner maßgeblichen politischen Rolle als Unterrichtsminister im Zusammenhang mit der Herausgabe eines „Österreichischen Wörterbuchs“ maßgebliche Impulse für die Genese der Idee (und Ideologie) einer spezifisch österreichischen Erscheinungsform der deutschen Sprache setzen.
New constraints on the dust surrounding HR 4796A
Creators: name: Milli, Julien
name: Mawet, Dimitri
name: Pinte, Christophe
name: Lagrange, Anne-Marie
name: Mouillet, David
name: Girard, Julien H.
name: Augereau, Jean-Charles
name: de Boer, Jozua
name: Pueyo, Laurent
name: Choquet, Elodie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: HR 4796A is surrounded by a well-structured and very bright circumstellar disc shaped like an annulus with many interesting features: very sharp inner and outer edges, brightness asymmetries, centre offset, and suspected distortions in the ring. We aim to constrain the properties of the dust surrounding the star HR 4796A, in particular the grain size and composition. We also want to confirm and refine the morphological parameters derived from previous scattered light observations, and reveal the dust spatial extent in regions unexplored so far due to their proximity to the star. We have obtained new images in polarised light of the binary system HR 4796A and B in the Ks and Lp band with the NaCo instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). In addition, we revisit two archival data sets obtained in the Lp band with that same instrument and at 2.2 microns with the NICMOS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. We analyse these observations with simulations using the radiative transfer code MCFOST to investigate the dust properties. We explore a grid of models with various dust compositions and sizes in a Bayesian approach. We detect the disc in polarised light in the Ks band and reveal for the first time the innermost regions down to $0.3"$ along the semi-minor axis. We measure a polarised fraction of $29\%\pm8\%$ in the two disc ansae, with a maximum occurring more than $13^\circ$ westwards from the ansae. A very pronounced brightness asymmetry between the north-west and south-east side is detected. This contradicts the asymmetry previously reported in all images of the disc in unpolarised light at wavelengths smaller than or equal to 2.2 microns and is inconsistent with the predicted scattered light from spherical grains using the Mie theory. Our modelling suggests the north-west side is most likely inclined towards the Earth, contrary to previous conclusions.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Supplementary document for Optical phase retrieving by employing a differentiation of a couple of two-beam π/2 phase-shifted projected interference patterns - 6526140.pdf
Creators: name: Ramadan, Wael
name: Wahba, Hamdy
name: Tawargy, Ahmed EL
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied Physics
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary information file
Cluster Extended Dynamical Mean Field Approach and Unconventional Superconductivity
Creators: name: Pixley, J. H.
name: Cai, Ang
name: Si, Qimiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extended dynamical mean field theory has played an important role in the study of quantum phase transitions in heavy fermion systems. In order to incorporate the physics of unconventional superconductivity, we develop a cluster version of the extended dynamical mean field theory. In this approach, we show how magnetic order and superconductivity develop as a result of inter-site spin exchange interactions, and analyze in some detail the form of correlation functions. We also discuss the methods that can be used to solve the dynamical equations associated with this approach. Finally, we consider different settings in which our approach can be applied, including the periodic Anderson model for heavy fermion systems.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, Replaced with published version
From fractions to complete Segal spaces
Creators: name: Low, Zhen Lin
name: Mazel-Gee, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G55 (Primary) 55U35, 18G30 (Secondary)

description: We show that the Rezk classification diagram of a relative category admitting a homotopical version of the two-sided calculus of fractions is a Segal space up to Reedy-fibrant replacement. This generalizes the result of Rezk and Bergner on the classification diagram of a closed model category, as well as the result of Barwick and Kan on the classification diagram of a partial model category.
description: 21 pages, LaTeX. Changes in v3: added some expository material, following suggestions by anonymous referee. (N.B. numbering has changed.)
Brane cosmology in teleparallel and $f(T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Atazadeh, K.
name: Eghbali, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the cosmology of a brane-world scenario in the framework of teleparallel and $f(T)$ gravity in a way that matter is localized on the brane. We show that the cosmology of such branes is different from the standard cosmology in teleparallelism. In particular, we obtain a class of new solutions with a constant five-dimensional radius and cosmologically evolving brane in the context of constant torsion $f(T)$ gravity.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, 1 table, published version
title: Leistungs-Sport im Alter in Österreich
Creators: name: Villa, Josef
Year: 2022

description: Der Verfasser war in Jugendjahren ein erfolgreicher Leichtathlet und nimmt aktuell an Masters-Wettkämpfen und -Meisterschaften teil. Diese Gegebenheiten unterstützen die Erforschung emischer Binnenperspektiven eines Kulturwandels des „gelungenen Alterns“, also einer Inklusion von älteren und alten Athletinnen und Athleten in eine neu geschaffene, altersoffene Wettkampfstruktur, welche nunmehr ein Angebot für eine Form der „Selbstoptimierung des Alterns“ neben einem hobbymäßig betriebenen Freizeitsport eröffnete: „The growth of masters sport reflects a change in how the ageing body is conceptualized and experienced.“ Für Österreich liegen aktuell keine kulturwissenschaftlichen Forschungen in Hinblick auf die physischen, kognitiven und sozialen Folgewirkungen dieses Wettbewerbs-basierten Masters-Sport, fokussiert auf das Alterssegment 60plus, vor. Der zentrale Ankerpunkt dieser Analyse ist die aktive Gestaltung des Alterungsprozesses. Dem „Defizitmodell des Alters“ mit den tradiert negativen Zuschreibungen wie physischer und mentaler Verfall, Krankheit, Depression und Isolation stehen mehrere „Aktivitäts-Theorien“ als Gegenentwurf entgegen, die postulieren, dass Lebensqualität im Alter vornehmlich mit dem Grad der sozialen Interaktion und persönlicher Aktivitäten korreliert. Als erste forschungsleitende „active/successful aging“-Theorie wählte der Verfasser jene der „Selektive Optimierung mit Kompensation“ von Margaret und Paul Baltes, welche als eine konsistente, mehrstufige Adaptierungs-Strategie des erfolgreichen Alterns entwickelt wurde und als Paradigma „erfolgreiches Altern als Maximierung von Gewinnen bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung von Verlusten“ definiert. Eine zweite forschungsleitende Theorie behandelt das Analysefeld „Motivation“ und deren Ausprägungen. Die Sozialpsychologen Edward Deci und Richard Ryan entwickelten ihre „Cognitive Evaluation Theory“, welche ein inkrementelles Framework für intrinsische oder extrinsische Motivationen im Sport für eine Analyse anbietet. Mittels umfassenden statistischen Materials, Interviews, Fragebögen und teilnehmender Beobachtung ermittelt der Verfasser mit seiner Feldforschung, nach Geschlechtern differenziert, die Motivationen von 60plus Masters-Athletinnen und -Athleten, ihre sozialen Interaktionen und ihre Verortung in Vereinen in Hinblick auf Integration oder Segregation. Ebenso werden die persönlichen Auswirkungen dieser kompetitiven Sportausübung auf ein subjektiv empfundenes „psychologisches Alter“ analysiert, daraus aggregierte Erkenntnisse gewonnen und Hypothesen für die österreichische leichtathletische Masters-Kultur entwickelt.
Multi-grained Evidence Inference for Multi-choice Reading Comprehension
Creators: name: Zhao, Yilin
name: Zhao, Hai
name: Duan, Sufeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is a major and challenging task for machines to answer questions according to provided options. Answers in multi-choice MRC cannot be directly extracted in the given passages, and essentially require machines capable of reasoning from accurate extracted evidence. However, the critical evidence may be as simple as just one word or phrase, while it is hidden in the given redundant, noisy passage with multiple linguistic hierarchies from phrase, fragment, sentence until the entire passage. We thus propose a novel general-purpose model enhancement which integrates multi-grained evidence comprehensively, named Multi-grained evidence inferencer (Mugen), to make up for the inability. Mugen extracts three different granularities of evidence: coarse-, middle- and fine-grained evidence, and integrates evidence with the original passages, achieving significant and consistent performance improvement on four multi-choice MRC benchmarks.
description: Accepted by TASLP 2023, vol. 31, pp. 3896-3907
title: Digitalisierung im europäischen Gesellschaftsrecht
Creators: name: Ülger Sönmez, Aslihan
Year: 2022

description: Mit dem sogenannten Company Law Package wurde 2019 die Richtlinie 2019/1151 zur Einführung digitaler Werkzeuge und Verfahren im Gesellschaftsrecht eingeführt. Durch die Umsetzung der Digitalisierungsrichtlinie sollen in den Mitgliedstaaten die Verfahren für die Online-Gründung von Kapitalgesellschaften, die Online-Einreichung von Dokumenten und Informationen und die Online-Eintragung von Zweigniederlassungen für den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Gesellschaft vereinheitlicht werden. Die Digitalisierungsrichtlinie zielt darauf ab, diese Verfahren insbesondere kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) zeit- und kostengünstig zur Verfügung zu stellen, um den europäischen Wirtschaftsraum zu stärken. Dabei sollen jedoch der Rechtsverkehr geschützt und Missbrauch verhindert sowie die gesellschaftsrechtlichen Traditionen der Mitgliedstaaten beachtet werden. Ziel dieser Master Thesis ist es, sich mit der Digitalisierungsrichtlinie und ihren Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten in den Mitgliedstaaten im Rahmen der Niederlassungsfreiheit zu beschäftigen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird betont, wie die Balance zwischen den Neuregelungen der Digitalisierungsrichtlinie und dem Schutz der Rechtssicherheit in den Mitgliedstaaten erreicht werden soll. Dazu wird ein Überblick über das europäische Gesellschaftsrecht und die bisherigen Digitalisierungsbestrebungen gegeben, die Regelungen, die die Digitalisierungsrichtlinie mit sich bringt, einzeln betrachtet und deren Umsetzung in österreichisches Recht erläutert. Aufgezeigt werden auch die Aufgaben des Notars bei der Unternehmensgründung, die Alternativen für die Einbeziehung des Notars in Online-Verfahren und deren Vor- und Nachteile. Schließlich ist darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Digitalisierungsrichtlinie ein großer Schritt in der Digitalisierung des Gesellschaftsrechts ist. Ob die Ziele der Digitalisierungsrichtlinie erreicht werden können, hängt jedoch weitgehend davon ab, wie die Mitgliedstaaten die Richtlinie umsetzen werden. Die Mitgliedstaaten müssen über das von der Digitalisierungsrichtlinie geforderte Mindestmaß hinausgehen, um zur Digitalisierung des europäischen Gesellschaftsrechts und damit zum besseren Funktionieren des Binnenmarktes beizutragen.
Electronic excitations and structure of Li2IrO3 thin films grown on ZrO$_{2}$:Y (001) substrates
Creators: name: Jenderka, Marcus
name: Schmidt-Grund, Rüdiger
name: Grundmann, Marius
name: Lorenz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin films are a prerequisite for application of the emergent exotic ground states in iridates that result from the interplay of strong spin-orbit coupling and electronic correlations. We report on pulsed laser deposition of Li$_{2}$IrO$_{3}$ films on ZrO$_{2}$:Y(001) single crystalline substrates. X-ray diffraction confirms preferential (001) and (10-1) out-of-plane crystalline orientations with well defined in-plane orientation. Resistivity between 35 and 300 K is dominated by a three-dimensional variable range hopping mechanism. The dielectric function is determined by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry and, complemented by Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy, reveals a small optical gap of $\approx$ 300 meV, a splitting of the $5d$-$t_{2g}$ manifold, and several in-gap excitations attributed to phonons and possibly magnons.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
A density-independent glass transition in biological tissues
Creators: name: Bi, Dapeng
name: Lopez, J. H.
name: Schwarz, J. M.
name: Manning, M. Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cell migration is important in many biological processes, including embryonic development, cancer metastasis, and wound healing. In these tissues, a cell's motion is often strongly constrained by its neighbors, leading to glassy dynamics. While self-propelled particle models exhibit a density-driven glass transition, this does not explain liquid-to-solid transitions in confluent tissues, where there are no gaps between cells and therefore the density is constant. Here we demonstrate the existence of a new type of rigidity transition that occurs in the well-studied vertex model for confluent tissue monolayers at constant density. We find the onset of rigidity is governed by a model parameter that encodes single-cell properties such as cell-cell adhesion and cortical tension, providing an explanation for a liquid-to-solid transitions in confluent tissues and making testable predictions about how these transitions differ from those in particulate matter.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN: A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE.
Creators: name: Bazaralieva, Aziza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the fascinating journey of bilingual development in children, examining the cognitive, linguistic, and social dimensions of this complex phenomenon. It delves into prominent theoretical frameworks, such as the Separate Systems Hypothesis (SSH) and the Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model, assessing their strengths and limitations in explaining bilingual acquisition. Furthermore, the paper highlights the cognitive advantages associated with bilingualism, including enhanced executive function, cognitive flexibility, and metalinguistic awareness, drawing on scientifically validated experiments and research findings. The article also addresses the challenges faced by bilingual children, such as language interference, code-mixing, and navigating social interactions in a multilingual environment. Finally, it discusses the implications of bilingualism for educational practices, emphasizing the importance of acknowledging and supporting multilingualism in early childhood settings.
Internal environment: What is it like to be a Schrodinger cat?
Creators: name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of quantum interference of a composite object with many internal degrees of freedom is studied, such that the internal degrees play a role of an internal environment. In particular, if the internal degrees have a capacity for an irreversible record of which-path information, then the internal-environment induced decoherence prevents external experimentalists from observing interference. Interference can be observed only if the interfering object is sufficiently isolated from the external environment, so that the object cannot record which-path information. Extrapolation to a hypothetical interference experiment with a conscious object implies that being a Schrodinger cat would be like being an ordinary cat living in a box without any information about the world external to the box.
description: 12 pages, revised, accepted for publication in Eur. J. Phys
A near-UV reconnaissance of metal-poor massive stars
Creators: name: Evans, Chris
name: Marcolino, Wagner
name: Bouret, Jean-Claude
name: Garcia, Miriam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use synthetic model spectra to investigate the potential of near-ultraviolet (3000-4050 Å) observations of massive O-type stars. We highlight the He I $λ$3188 and He II $λ$3203 pair as a potential temperature diagnostic in this range, supported by estimates of gravity using the high Balmer series lines. The near-ultraviolet also contains important metallic lines for determinations of chemical abundances (oxygen in particular) and estimates of projected rotational velocities for O-type spectra. Using the model spectra we present performance estimates for observations of extragalactic massive stars with the Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) now in construction for the Very Large Telescope. The high efficiency of CUBES will open-up exciting new possibilities in the study of massive stars in external galaxies. For instance, CUBES will provide new insights into the physical properties of O-type stars, including oxygen abundances, in metal-poor irregular galaxies at ~1 Mpc from integrations of just 2-3 hrs. Moreover, CUBES will bring quantitative spectroscopy of more distant targets within reach for the first time, such as the O-type star (V~21.5 mag) in Leo P (at 1.6 Mpc) in only half a night of observations.
description: Published in Experimental Astronomy as part of the CUBES Special Issue
On the Equivalence between Interference and Eavesdropping in Wireless Communications
Creators: name: Gomez, Gerardo
name: Lopez-Martinez, F. Javier
name: Morales-Jimenez, David
name: McKay, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that the problem of analyzing the outage probability in cellular systems affected by co-channel interference and background noise is mathematically equivalent to the problem of analyzing the wireless information-theoretic security in terms of the maximum secrecy rate in fading channels. Hence, these both apparently unrelated problems can be addressed by using a common approach. We illustrate the applicability of the connection unveiled herein to provide new results for the secrecy outage probability in different scenarios.
description: This work has been accepted for publication at IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. Copyright (c) 2014 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to use this material for any other purposes must be obtained from the IEEE by sending a request to pubs-permissions@ieee.org
Recurrent flow analysis in spatiotemporally chaotic 2-dimensional Kolmogorov flow
Creators: name: Lucas, Dan
name: Kerswell, Rich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent success in the dynamical systems approach to transitional flow, we study the efficiency and effectiveness of extracting simple invariant sets (recurrent flows) directly from chaotic/turbulent flows and the potential of these sets for providing predictions of certain statistics of the flow. Two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow (the 2D Navier-Stokes equations with a sinusoidal body force) is studied both over a square [0, 2π]2 torus and a rectangular torus extended in the forcing direction. In the former case, an order of magnitude more recurrent flows are found than previously (Chandler & Kerswell 2013) and shown to give improved predictions for the dissipation and energy pdfs of the chaos via periodic orbit theory. Over the extended torus at low forcing amplitudes, some extracted states mimick the statistics of the spatially-localised chaos present surprisingly well recalling the striking finding of Kawahara & Kida (2001) in low-Reynolds-number plane Couette flow. At higher forcing amplitudes, however, success is limited highlighting the increased dimensionality of the chaos and the need for larger data sets. Algorithmic developments to improve the extraction procedure are discussed.
A graph database for feature characterization of dislocation networks
Creators: name: Katzer, Balduin
name: Betsche, Daniel
name: Böhm, Klemens
name: Weygand, Daniel
name: Schulz, Katrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional dislocation networks control the mechanical properties such as strain hardening of crystals. Due to the complexity of dislocation networks and their temporal evolution, analysis tools are needed that fully resolve the dynamic processes of the intrinsic dislocation graph structure. We propose the use of a graph database for the analysis of three-dimensional dislocation networks obtained from discrete dislocation dynamics simulations. This makes it possible to extract (sub-)graphs and their features with relative ease. That allows for a more holistic view of the evolution of dislocation networks and for the extraction of homogenized graph features to be incorporated into continuum formulation. As an illustration, we describe the static and dynamic analysis of spatio-temporal dislocation graphs as well as graph feature analysis.
title: Literarisch und digital?
Creators: name: Fuchs, Marie-Therese
Year: 2022

description: Der Einsatz von digitalen Medien im Literaturunterricht bietet Möglichkeiten einer Entwicklung literaler Medienkompetenz sowie einen Versuch, digital literarisches Lernen zu forcieren. Computer, Tablets oder Notebooks fungieren als Symmedien und können durch die Verbindung von unterschiedlichen Sinnen und Wahrnehmungskanälen eine synästhetische Bildung fördern. Durch die Verknüpfung von digitalen Audiodateien, kurzen Videosequenzen oder Bildern kann die Fähigkeit entwickelt werden, mediale Bezüge herzustellen. Die Umsetzung des tatsächlichen digitalen Medieneinsatzes obliegt dem Lehrpersonal. Die Lehrer*innenpersönlichkeit und die Professionalität sind Prädikatoren für digitalen Medieneinsatz im Literaturunterricht. Die empirische Forschung, die im Zuge eines Online-Fragebogens (N=154) Lehrer*innen und Student*innen des Unterrichtsfaches Deutsch rekrutierte, beschäftigt sich mit den „Einstellungen“, der „Technikbereitschaft“ sowie mit der „Selbstwirksamkeit“ von Lehrer*innen. Es zeigen sich positive Zusammenhänge hinsichtlich der drei Prädikatoren und dem tatsächlichen digitalen Medieneinsatz im Literaturunterricht. Darüber hinaus wurde die technische Ausstattung an Schulen ebenso als Gelingensbedingung für den Einsatz digitaler Medien im Literaturunterricht erhoben.
description: The use of digital media in literature classes offers opportunities for the development of literary media competence as well as an attempt to promote digital literary learning. Computers, tablets or notebooks act as symmedia and can promote synaesthetic education by connecting different senses and channels of perception. By linking digital audio files, short video sequences or images, the ability to create media references can be developed. The implementation of the actual digital media use ist he responsibility oft he teaching staff. Teacher personalitiy and professionalism are predicators for digital media use in literature teaching. The empirical research, which recruited teachers and students of German in the course of an online questionnaire (N=154), deals with the „attitudes“, the „willingness to use technology“ and the „self-efficacy“ of teachers. Positive correlations were found between all the three predicators and the actual use of digital media in literature teaching. In addition the technical equipment at schools was also surveyed as a condition for success in the use of digital media in literature lessons.
Canonoid and Poissonoid Transformations, Symmetries and BiHamiltonian Structures
Creators: name: Rastelli, Giovanni
name: Santoprete, Manuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D05, 37K10, 53D17

description: We give a characterization of linear canonoid transformations on symplectic manifolds and we use it to generate biHamiltonian structures for some mechanical systems. Utilizing this characterization we also study the behavior of the harmonic oscillator under canonoid transformations. We present a description of canonoid transformations due to E.T. Whittaker, and we show that it leads, in a natural way, to the modern, coordinate-independent definition of canonoid transformations. We also generalize canonoid transformations to Poisson manifolds by introducing Poissonoid transformations. We give examples of such transformations for Euler's equations of the rigid body (on $\mathcal{so}^\ast (3) $ and $ so^\ast (4)$) and for an integrable case of Kirchhoff's equations for the motion of a rigid body immersed in an ideal fluid. We study the relationship between biHamiltonian structures and Poissonoid transformations for these examples. We analyze the link between Poissonoid transformations, constants of motion, and symmetries.
description: 34 pages, no figures
Gran Telescopio Canarias: Open Doors
Creators: name: Castro-Rodríguez, Nieves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) or GRANTECAN, located in La Palma island (Canary Islands, Spain), is currently the largest optical/infrared telescope in the world.  As part of society, we have the vitally important task of returning part of our knowledge and involving the population in new discoveries. This will translate into possible new scientific vocations in the future, although above all, opening the mind to logical thinking, so useful in any facet of life. Every year, at GTC we carry out a series of outreach activities with the aim that the knowledge acquired does not remain within the four walls of the telescope or in scientific publications. These activities are aimed at students of primary, secondary, high school or university education; to the general public of the island of La Palma or visitors from any part of the planet who want to know what is done at GTC; night connections with other institutions to learn first-hand how the largest telescope in the world is operated and do science; activities with amateur astronomers and astrophotographers; exhibitions; talks; and reports and documentaries, among other activities.
title: Bewertung eines neuen im Vergleich zu einem etablierten molekularen Test und MALDI-TOF MS zur schnellen Identifizierung von Krankheitserregern in positiven Blutkulturen
Creators: name: Ankowitsch, Natalie
Year: 2022

description: Einleitung: Blutbahninfektionen können zu einer Sepsis führen, die mit hoher Mortalität assoziiert ist und ein großes gesundheitliches Problem darstellt. Für ein adäquates Therapiemanagement ist eine rasche Diagnostik des zugrundeliegenden Erregers und dessen Resistenzprofil von großer Bedeutung. Die konventionelle Blutkultur gilt nach wie vor als Goldstandard, kann jedoch aufgrund langer Bebrütungszeiten zu einer verzögerten Diagnose führen. Mit dem Einsatz molekularer Testverfahren kann diese Zeit verkürzt werden. Methoden: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit vergleicht 3 verschiedene molekulare Testverfahren und bewertet ihre Leistung in Bezug auf die konventionelle Blutkultur. Es wurden 410 positive Blutkulturproben inkludiert und mittels Massenspektrometrie (Sepsityper) und einer Singleplex PCR und anschließender Hybridisierung (Cube Dx) getestet. Bei 66 dieser Proben wurde zusätzlich eine Nested-Multiplex PCR (Biofire) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Bei 365 Monoinfektionen konnte eine gute Übereinstimmung von 76,16% der beiden Tests, Sepsityper und Cube Dx, mit der Blutkultur festgestellt werden. Wenn nur on-Panel Erreger betrachtet werden, zeigte Cube Dx eine Identifikationsrate von 94,91% und Sepsityper von 87,43%. Biofire konnte 100% von 49 on-Panel Monoinfektionen korrekt identifizieren. Die Mischinfektionen betreffend, schnitten die beiden PCR Tests besser ab als Sepsityper. Der Nachweis von Resistenzgenen war nur mittels PCR Methoden möglich, bedarf aber weiterer Studien aufgrund einer niedrigen Anzahl und Varietät nachgewiesener Resistenzgene. Alle 3 Tests zeigten eine gute Übereinstimmung mit dem Goldstandard, der Blutkultur, und können als sinnvolle Ergänzung zur Diagnostik von Blutbahninfektionen und Sepsis angesehen werden.
Quantum metrology in Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick critical systems
Creators: name: Salvatori, Giulio
name: Mandarino, Antonio
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model describes critical systems with interaction beyond the first-neighbor approximation. Here we address the characterization of LMG systems, i.e. the estimation of anisotropy, and show how criticality may be exploited to improve precision. In particular, we provide exact results for the Quantum Fisher Information of small-size LMG chains made of $N=2, 3$ and $4$ lattice sites and analyze the same quantity in the thermodynamical limit by means of a zero-th order approximation of the system Hamiltonian. We then show that the ultimate bounds to precision may be achieved by tuning the external field and by measuring the total magnetization of the system. We also address the use of LMG systems as quantum thermometers and show that: i) precision is governed by the gap between the lowest energy levels of the systems, ii) field-dependent level crossing provides a resource to extend the operating range of the quantum thermometer.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
supplemental figure from Evidence of maternal and paternal age effects on speed in thoroughbred racehorses
Creators: name: Sharman, Patrick
name: Young, Andrew J.
name: Wilson, Alastair J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary Figure S1: Histograms presenting distributions of a) Number of offspring per sire, b) Number of offspring per dam, c) Number of offspring race records per sire age class (years), d) Number of offspring race records per dam age class (years), and e) Number of race records per offspring horse represented.
Antiproton-nucleus reactions at intermediate energies
Creators: name: Larionov, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiproton-induced reactions on nuclei at the beam energies from hundreds MeV up to several GeV provide an excellent opportunity to study interactions of the antiproton and secondary particles (mesons, baryons and antibaryons) with nucleons. Antiproton projectile is unique in the sense that most of annihilation particles are relatively slow in the target nucleus frame. Hence, the prehadronic effects do not much influence their interactions with the nucleons of the nuclear residue. Moreover, the particles with momenta less than about 1 GeV/c are sensitive to the nuclear mean field potentials. This paper discusses the microscopic transport calculations of the antiproton-nucleus reactions and is focused on three related problems: (i) the antiproton potential determination, (ii) possible formation of strongly bound antiproton-nucleus systems, and (iii) strangeness production.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, minor revisions, to appear in Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics in heavy-ion reactions (IWND2014), Lanzhou, China, 15-19.08.2014
Ionospheric response during Tropical Cyclones-a brief review on Amphan and Nisarga
Creators: name: Ayyagari, Deepthi
name: Datta, Soumen
name: Das, Saurabh
name: Datta, Abhirup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, we explore the different characteristics of a possible coupling between tropospheric and ionospheric activities during the impact of tropical cyclones (TC) like Amphan and Nisarga in the Indian subcontinent. We have analyzed the effect of TCs Amphan and Nisarga on the low latitude ionosphere using the measurements from several IGS stations around India and a GPS+ NavIC station in Indore, India. For the first time, this study assesses the impact of tropical cyclones on the equatorial ionosphere using both GPS and NavIC. After the landfall of TC Amphan, the VTEC analysis shows a significant drop from nominal values in both NavIC as well in GPS by $5.1$ TECU and $3.6$ TECU, respectively. In contrast to TC Amphan, Nisarga showed a rise in VTEC which ranged from $0.9$ TECU in GPS to $1.7$ - $5$ TECU in NavIC satellites except for PRN6. The paper examines Outgoing Longwave Radiation as a proxy to the convective activity which may be responsible for the ionospheric variation through the generation of gravity waves. In addition, the horizontal neutral wind observations at the location of TC landfall confirm the presence of ionospheric disturbances. VTEC perturbation analysis using a band-pass filter reveals a variation in differential TEC values between $\pm0.4$ and $\pm0.8$ based on the IGS station measurements. This indicates that the gravity wave is one of the responsible mechanisms for the lower-upper atmospheric coupling during both cyclones.
title: Potenziale und Hindernisse des Klimatickets im peripheren Raum und Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung des ÖV-Anteils in peripheren Bezirken
Creators: name: Entholzer, Jakob
Year: 2022

description: Am 21.Oktober 2021 wurde das Klimaticket, eine Jahreskarte für den öffentlichen Verkehr, in ganz Österreich eingeführt. Diese Tarifmaßnahme führt zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Tarifgestaltung des österreichischen öffentlichen Verkehrssystems. Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit untersucht die Potenziale und die Hindernisse des Klimatickets im peripheren Raum und welcher Einfluss durch den Tarif erzielt werden kann in Bezug auf die Mobilitätswende. Hindernisse wie mangelhafte Infrastruktur und Angebot sind wie der geringe Kostendeckungsgrad der öffentlichen Verkehrsmittel in peripheren Gebieten große Herausforderungen. Durch Maßnahmenvorschläge werden Möglichkeiten für die zukünftige Entwicklung des Klimatickets und des öffentlichen Verkehrs in peripheren Bezirken skizziert. Potenziale für Klimaticketnutzer gibt es aktuell vor allem bei den regionalen Klimatickets auf Bundeslandebene und durch den ideellen Wert der neuen Tarifmaßnahme, der ein gutes Image bei der Bevölkerung genießt.
Trained multiclass neuroharmony models for harmonizing brain volumes from unseen MRI scanners
Creators: name: Venkatraghavan, Vikram
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: MRI harmonization
Brain volume

description: The code to train the model : https://github.com/88vikram/Multiclass-Neuroharmony To train this model, we used MRI data from ADNI, AIBL, Amsterdam dementia cohort, UK biobank, OASIS, NACC, ARWIBO, EDSD, PharmaCOG, Italian ADNI, TTK Hungarian cohort. These trained multiclass neuroharmony models can be used for harmonizing brain volumes (obtained from Freesurfer v7.1.1) from unseen MRI scanners.
On heteroclinic separators of magnetic fields in electrically conducting fluids
Creators: name: Grines, V.
name: Medvedev, T.
name: Pochinka, O.
name: Zhuzhoma, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we partly solve the problem of existence of separators of a magnetic field in plasma. We single out in plasma a 3-body with a boundary in which the movement of plasma is of special kind which we call an (a-d)-motion. We prove that if the body is the 3-annulus or the "fat" orientable surface with two holes the magnetic field necessarily have a heteroclinic separator. The statement of the problem and the suggested method for its solution lead to some theoretical problems from Dynamical Systems Theory which are of interest of their own.
US-Precipitation-Patterns
Creators: name: McDougall, Mariko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This is an analysis project which looked at trends in rainfall duration, volume and intensity using an hourly precipitation dataset using weather stations located throughout the United States, collected from the 1950s to 2020. This analysis was performed for GWU's DATS 6103 - Introduction to Data Mining. The purpose of this analysis is to extract and examine data using publicly available datasets and draw conclusions, as well as make predictions using the findings.
Supplemental table of results from Evidence of maternal and paternal age effects on speed in thoroughbred racehorses
Creators: name: Sharman, Patrick
name: Young, Andrew J.
name: Wilson, Alastair J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary Table 1: Estimates of fixed effects from Models 1-4. Effects are considered nominally significant at P<0.05 for │Z│>1.96.