cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mucosal Healing and the Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease or Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Celiac Disease; A Population-Based Study
Creators: name: Lebwohl, Benjamin
name: Emilsson, Louise
name: Fröbert, Ole
name: Einstein, Andrew
name: Green, Peter H. R.
name: Ludvigsson, Jonas F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Intestines--Diseases
Coronary heart disease
Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial infarction
Celiac disease
Medicine
Pathology

description: Background: Patients with celiac disease (CD), characterized histologically by villous atrophy (VA) of the small intestine, have an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), risks that persist for years after commencing the gluten-free diet. It is unknown whether persistent VA on follow-up biopsy, rather than mucosal healing, affects the risk of IHD or AF. Methods: We identified patients with histologic evidence of CD diagnosed at all 28 pathology departments in Sweden. Among patients who underwent a follow-up small intestinal biopsy, we compared patients with persistent VA to those who showed histologic improvement, with regard to the development of IHD (angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) or AF. Results: Among patients with CD and a follow-up biopsy (n = 7,440), the median age at follow-up biopsy was 25 years, with 1,063 (14%) patients who were ≥60 years at the time of follow-up biopsy. Some 196 patients developed IHD and 205 patients developed AF. After adjusting for age, gender, duration of CD, calendar period, and educational attainment, there was no significant effect of persistent VA on IHD (adjusted HR 0.97; 95%CI 0.73–1.30). Adjusting for diabetes had a negligible effect (adjusted HR 0.98; 95%CI 0.73–1.31). There was no significant association between persistent VA and the risk of AF (adjusted HR 0.98; 95%CI 0.74–1.30). Conclusions: In this population-based study of patients with CD, persistent VA on follow-up biopsy was not associated with an increased risk of IHD or AF. Failed mucosal healing does not influence the risk of these cardiac events.
Evolution and pulsation period change in the Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids
Creators: name: Fadeyev, Yuri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical estimates of the pulsation period change rates in LMC Cepheids are obtained from consistent calculation of stellar evolution and nonlinear stellar pulsation for stars with initial chemical composition X=0.7, Z=0.008, initial masses 5M_\odot <= Mzams <= 9M_\odot and pulsation periods ranged from 2.2 to 29 day. The Cepheid hydrodynamical models correspond to the evolutionary stage of thermonuclear core helium burning. During evolution across the instability strip in the HR diagram the pulsation period of Cepheids is the quadratic function of the evolution time for the both fundamental mode and first overtone. Cepheids with initial masses Mzams >= 7M_\odot pulsate in the fundamental mode and the period change rate \dotΠvaries nearly by a factor of two for both crossings of the instability strip. In the period -- period change rate diagram the values of the period and \dotΠconcentrate within the strips, their slope and half--width depending on both the direction of the movement in the HR--diagram and the pulsation mode. For oscillations in the fundamental mode the half-widths of the strip are δ\log\dotΠ= 0.35 and δ\log\dotΠ= 0.2 for the first and the second crossings of the instability strip, respectively. Results of computations are compared with observations of nearly 700 LMC Cepheids. Within existing observational uncertainties of \dotΠthe theoretical dependences of the period change rate on the pulsation period are in a good agreement with observations.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters
Brazil’s Momentum as a Global Agricultural Supplier Faces Headwinds
Creators: name: Valdes, Constanza
name: Valdes, Constanza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022

description: Brazil, the fifth largest country in area and population and the largest in terms of arable land, is among the few countries with potential to increase agricultural productivity. Over the past two decades, Brazil has been consolidating its position as a major producer of agricultural commodities and related food products as well as a supplier to international markets. It is now a top-5 producer of 34 commodities and is the largest net exporter in the world. Continuing trade expansion and diversification of markets and products remains at the core of Brazil’s agricultural growth strategy. However, increases in fuel and fertilizer costs, credit and storage limitations, an overburdened port and transport system, and pressure to preserve the environment are challenging the long-term growth of Brazilian agriculture.
title: Sanctus Aloysius sanctioris militiae magister; 1761
title: in scenam datus a Rudimentis Landishutanis mense maio M.DCC.LXI
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Obermiller, Joseph Adam
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Programm
Flour power. Issue no. 07
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Punk rock music
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1084153
subject: Anarchists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808401
subject: Anarchism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808387
subject: Punk rock music
subject: Zines

description: Flour Power is a zine that tries to "report on anarchism all over the world." Issue # 7 contains: Herstories of Canadian Radical Politics ; Queer questions ; Lower class issues ; Children ; Veganism ; Natural health ; Wommins rights ; Anti-fascism
Do we have unitary and (super)renormalizable Quantum Gravity below Planck scale?
Creators: name: Salles, Filipe de O.
name: Shapiro, Ilya L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how the stability of metric perturbations in higher derivative theories of gravity depends on the energy scale of initial seeds of such perturbations and on a typical energy scale of the gravitational vacuum background. It is shown that, at least in the cases of specific cosmological backgrounds, that the unphysical massive ghost which is present in the spectrum of such theories is not growing up as a physical excitation and remains in the vacuum state, until the initial frequency of the perturbation is close to the Planck order of magnitude. In this situation the existing versions of renormalizable and superrenormalizable theories can be seen as very satisfactory effective theories of Quantum Gravity below the Planck scale.
description: Original paper published in PRD. The last page is Erratum correcting interpretation of instability in the main manuscript
Efficient Data Collection in Multimedia Vehicular Sensing Platforms
Creators: name: Bruno, R.
name: Nurchis, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vehicles provide an ideal platform for urban sensing applications, as they can be equipped with all kinds of sensing devices that can continuously monitor the environment around the travelling vehicle. In this work we are particularly concerned with the use of vehicles as building blocks of a multimedia mobile sensor system able to capture camera snapshots of the streets to support traffic monitoring and urban surveillance tasks. However, cameras are high data-rate sensors while wireless infrastructures used for vehicular communications may face performance constraints. Thus, data redundancy mitigation is of paramount importance in such systems. To address this issue in this paper we exploit sub-modular optimisation techniques to design efficient and robust data collection schemes for multimedia vehicular sensor networks. We also explore an alternative approach for data collection that operates on longer time scales and relies only on localised decisions rather than centralised computations. We use network simulations with realistic vehicular mobility patterns to verify the performance gains of our proposed schemes compared to a baseline solution that ignores data redundancy. Simulation results show that our data collection techniques can ensure a more accurate coverage of the road network while significantly reducing the amount of transferred data.
A Multi-Area Stochastic Model for a Covert Visual Search Task
Creators: name: Schwemmer, Michael A.
name: Feng, Samuel F.
name: Holmes, Philip J.
name: Gottlieb, Jacqueline
name: Cohen, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurology--Research
subject: Monkeys as laboratory animals
subject: Neurons--Physiology
subject: Decision making
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Decisions typically comprise several elements. For example, attention must be directed towards specific objects, their identities recognized, and a choice made among alternatives. Pairs of competing accumulators and drift-diffusion processes provide good models of evidence integration in two-alternative perceptual choices, but more complex tasks requiring the coordination of attention and decision making involve multistage processing and multiple brain areas. Here we consider a task in which a target is located among distractors and its identity reported by lever release. The data comprise reaction times, accuracies, and single unit recordings from two monkeys’ lateral interparietal area (LIP) neurons. LIP firing rates distinguish between targets and distractors, exhibit stimulus set size effects, and show response-hemifield congruence effects. These data motivate our model, which uses coupled sets of leaky competing accumulators to represent processes hypothesized to occur in feature-selective areas and limb motor and pre-motor areas, together with the visual selection process occurring in LIP. Model simulations capture the electrophysiological and behavioral data, and fitted parameters suggest that different connection weights between LIP and the other cortical areas may account for the observed behavioral differences between the animals.
Presynaptic Mechanisms of Lead Neurotoxicity: Effects on Vesicular Release, Vesicle Clustering and Mitochondria Number
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Lei
name: Guariglia, Sara Rose
name: Stansfield, Kirstie H.
name: McGlothan, Jennifer L.
name: Stanton, Patric K.
name: Guilarte, Tomas R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Synaptic vesicles
subject: Synapses
subject: Lead poisoning in children
subject: Neurons
subject: Mitochondria
subject: Presynaptic receptors
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Childhood lead (Pb2+) intoxication is a global public health problem and accounts for 0.6% of the global burden of disease associated with intellectual disabilities. Despite the recognition that childhood Pb2+ intoxication contributes significantly to intellectual disabilities, there is a fundamental lack of knowledge on presynaptic mechanisms by which Pb2+ disrupts synaptic function. In this study, using a well-characterized rodent model of developmental Pb2+ neurotoxicity, we show that Pb2+ exposure markedly inhibits presynaptic vesicular release in hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses in young adult rats. This effect was associated with ultrastructural changes which revealed a reduction in vesicle number in the readily releasable/docked vesicle pool, disperse vesicle clusters in the resting pool, and a reduced number of presynaptic terminals with multiple mitochondria with no change in presynaptic calcium influx. These studies provide fundamental knowledge on mechanisms by which Pb2+ produces profound inhibition of presynaptic vesicular release that contribute to deficits in synaptic plasticity and intellectual development.
title: Heros Christianus; 1755
title: a suprema grammatica ... Gymnasii Societatis Iesu Straubingae ; in scenam datus mense Aprili anno MDCCLV
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Forster, Franz de P.
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Programm
The Dynamic Consequences of Cooperation and Competition in Small-World Networks
Creators: name: Fernández-Rosales, Iván Y.
name: Liebovitch, Larry S.
name: Guzmán-Vargas, Lev
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Competition (Psychology)
subject: Cooperativeness
subject: Social systems
subject: Social networks
subject: Game theory
subject: Statics and dynamics (Social sciences)
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social psychology

description: We present a study of the social dynamics among cooperative and competitive actors interacting on a complex network that has a small-world topology. In this model, the state of each actor depends on its previous state in time, its inertia to change, and the influence of its neighboring actors. Using numerical simulations, we determine how the distribution of final states of the actors and measures of the distances between the values of the actors at local and global levels, depend on the number of cooperative to competitive actors and the connectivity of the actors in the network. We find that similar numbers of cooperative and competitive actors yield the lowest values for the local and global measures of the distances between the values of the actors. On the other hand, when the number of either cooperative or competitive actors dominate the system, then the divergence is largest between the values of the actors. Our findings make new testable predictions on how the dynamics of a conflict depends on the strategies chosen by groups of actors and also have implications for the evolution of behaviors.
Identification of Several Mutations in ATP2C1 in Lebanese Families: Insight into the Pathogenesis of Hailey-Hailey Disease
Creators: name: Btadini, Waed
name: Abou Hassan, Ossama K.
name: Saadeh, Dana
name: Abbas, Ossama
name: Ballout, Farah
name: Kibbi, Abdul-Ghani
name: Dbaibo, Ghassan
name: Darwiche, Nadine
name: Nemer, Georges
name: Kurban, Mazen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Skin--Diseases
Fibroblasts
Apoptosis
Nonsense mutation
Heart cells
Medicine
Pathology

description: Background: Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is an inherited blistering dermatosis characterized by recurrent erosions and erythematous plaques that generally manifest in intertriginous areas. Genetically, HHD is an autosomal dominant disease, resulting from heterozygous mutations in ATP2C1, which encodes a Ca2+/Mn2+ATPase. In this study, we aimed at identifying and analyzing mutations in five patients from unrelated families diagnosed with HHD and study the underlying molecular pathogenesis. Objectives: To genetically study Lebanese families with HHD, and the underlying molecular pathogenesis of the disease. Methods: We performed DNA sequencing for the coding sequence and exon-intron boundaries of ATP2C1. Heat shock experiments were done on several cell types. This was followed by real-time and western blotting for ATP2C1, caspase 3, and PARP proteins to examine any possible role of apoptosis in HHD. This was followed by TUNEL staining to confirm the western blotting results. We then performed heat shock experiments on neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes. Results: Four mutations were detected, three of which were novel and one recurrent mutation in two families. In order for HHD to manifest, it requires both the genetic alteration and the environmental stress, therefore we performed heat shock experiments on fibroblasts (HH and normal) and HaCaT cells, mimicking the environmental factor seen in HHD. It was found that stress stimuli, represented here as temperature stress, leads to an increase in the mRNA and protein levels of ATP2C1 in heat-shocked cells as compared to non-heat shocked ones. However, the increase in ATP2C1 and heat shock protein hsp90 is significantly lower in HH fibroblasts in comparison to normal fibroblasts and HaCaT cells. We did not find a role for apoptosis in the pathogenesis of HHD. A similar approach (heat shock experiments) done on rat cardiomyocytes, led to a significant variation in ATP2C1 transcript and protein levels. Conclusion: This is the first genetic report of HHD from Lebanon in which we identified three novel mutations in ATP2C1 and shed light on the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of HHD by linking stress signals like heat shock to the observed phenotypes. This link was also found in cultured cardiomyocytes suggesting thus a yet uncharacterized cardiac phenotype in HHD patients masked by its in-expressivity in normal health conditions.
The Influence of Drivers and Barriers on Urban Adaptation and Mitigation Plans—An Empirical Analysis of European Cities
Creators: name: Reckien, Diana
name: Flacke, Johannes
name: Olazabal, Marta
name: Heidrich, Oliver
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cities and towns--Research
Climate change mitigation
Climatic changes--Law and legislation
Climatic changes
Public policy (Law)
Social sciences--Research

description: Cities are recognised as key players in global adaptation and mitigation efforts because the majority of people live in cities. However, in Europe, which is highly urbanized and one of the most advanced regions in terms of environmental policies, there is considerable diversity in the regional distribution, ambition and scope of climate change responses. This paper explores potential factors contributing to such diversity in 200 large and medium-sized cities across 11 European countries. We statistically investigate institutional, socio-economic, environmental and vulnerability characteristics of cities as potential drivers of or barriers to the development of urban climate change plans. Our results show that factors such as membership of climate networks, population size, GDP per capita and adaptive capacity act as drivers of mitigation and adaptation plans. By contrast, factors such as the unemployment rate, warmer summers, proximity to the coast and projected exposure to future climate impacts act as barriers. We see that, overall, it is predominantly large and prosperous cities that engage in climate planning, while vulnerable cities and those at risk of severe climate impacts in the future are less active. Our analysis suggests that climate change planning in European cities is not proactive, i.e. not significantly influenced by anticipated future impacts. Instead, we found that the current adaptive capacity of a city significantly relates to climate planning. Along with the need to further explore these relations, we see a need for more economic and institutional support for smaller and less resourceful cities and those at high risk from climate change impacts in the future.
Flour power. Issue no. 02
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Anarchism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808387
subject: Anarchists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/808401
subject: Punk rock music
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1084153
subject: Punk rock music
subject: Clayoquot Sound
subject: Zines

description: Flour Power is a zine that tries to "report on anarchism all over the world." Issue #2 contains: Anti-Canada Day Demo, Portland Anarchist Gathering, Portland Riot, My Tour Diary, Squats on Broadway Update The Squatting 7 more hippy remblings from Mark, sticker designs upcoming gatherings letters, minimal poetry and art clippings photos lots of reviews ads, more stuff about logging in BC.
Data Mining using Unguided Symbolic Regression on a Blast Furnace Dataset
Creators: name: Kommenda, Michael
name: Kronberger, Gabriel
name: Feilmayr, Christoph
name: Affenzeller, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper a data mining approach for variable selection and knowledge extraction from datasets is presented. The approach is based on unguided symbolic regression (every variable present in the dataset is treated as the target variable in multiple regression runs) and a novel variable relevance metric for genetic programming. The relevance of each input variable is calculated and a model approximating the target variable is created. The genetic programming configurations with different target variables are executed multiple times to reduce stochastic effects and the aggregated results are displayed as a variable interaction network. This interaction network highlights important system components and implicit relations between the variables. The whole approach is tested on a blast furnace dataset, because of the complexity of the blast furnace and the many interrelations between the variables. Finally the achieved results are discussed with respect to existing knowledge about the blast furnace process.
description: Presented at Workshop for Heuristic Problem Solving, Computer Aided Systems Theory - EUROCAST 2011. The final publication is available at http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-27549-4_51
Coffee Consumption, Newly Diagnosed Diabetes, and Other Alterations in Glucose Homeostasis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Creators: name: Yarmolinsky, James
name: Schmidt, Maria Inês
name: Duncan, Bruce B.
name: Mueller, Noel T.
name: Goulart, Alessandra C.
name: Del Carmen Bisi Molina, Maria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Coffee--Health aspects
Diabetes
Hyperglycemia
Homeostasis
Insulin
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Coffee
Epidemiology
Medicine

description: Introduction: Observational studies have reported fairly consistent inverse associations between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes, but this association has been little investigated with regard to lesser degrees of hyperglycemia and other alterations in glucose homeostasis. Additionally, the association between coffee consumption and diabetes has been rarely investigated in South American populations. We examined the cross-sectional relationships of coffee intake with newly diagnosed diabetes and measures of glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion, in a large Brazilian cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals. Methods: We used baseline data from 12,586 participants of the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes. Analysis of covariance was used to assess coffee intake in relation to two-hour glucose from an oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting and –2-hour postload insulin and measures of insulin sensitivity. Results: We found an inverse association between coffee consumption and newly diagnosed diabetes, after adjusting for multiple covariates [23% and 26% lower odds of diabetes for those consuming coffee 2–3 and >3 times per day, respectively, compared to those reporting never or almost never consuming coffee, (p = .02)]. An inverse association was also found for 2-hour postload glucose [Never/almost never: 7.57 mmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 7.48 mmol/L, 2-3 times/day: 7.22 mmol/L, >3 times/day: 7.12 mol/L, p<0.0001] but not with fasting glucose concentrations (p = 0.07). Coffee was additionally associated with 2-hour postload insulin [Never/almost never: 287.2 pmol/L, ≤1 time/day: 280.1 pmol/L, 2–3 times/day: 275.3 pmol/L, >3 times/day: 262.2 pmol/L, p = 0.0005) but not with fasting insulin concentrations (p = .58). Conclusion: Our present study provides further evidence of a protective effect of coffee on risk of adult-onset diabetes. This effect appears to act primarily, if not exclusively, through postprandial, as opposed to fasting, glucose homeostasis.
On the Hilbert scheme of degeneracy loci of twisted differential forms
Creators: name: Tanturri, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C05, 14M12

description: We prove that, for 3 < m < n-1, the Grassmannian of m-dimensional subspaces of the space of skew-symmetric forms over a vector space of dimension n is birational to the Hilbert scheme of the degeneracy loci of m global sections of Omega(2), the twisted cotangent bundle on P^{n-1}. For 3=m
description: 19 pages. Minor corrections, exposition improved. To appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
A prelysosomal compartment sequesters membrane-impermeant fluorescent dyes from the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 macrophages
Creators: name: Steinberg, Thomas H.
name: Swanson, Joel A.
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Endosomes
subject: Cell membranes
subject: Macrophages
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: After the membrane impermeant dye Lucifer Yellow is introduced into the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 cells, the dye is sequestered within cytoplasmic vacuoles and secreted into the extracellular medium. In the present work we studied the intracellular transport of Lucifer Yellow in J774 macrophages and the nature of the cytoplasmic vacuoles into which this dye is sequestered. When the lysosomal system of J774 cells was prelabeled with a Texas red ovalbumin conjugate and Lucifer Yellow was then loaded into the cytoplasm of the cells by ATP-mediated permeabilization of the plasma membrane, the vacuoles that sequestered Lucifer Yellow 30 min later were distinct from the Texas red-stained lysosomes. After an additional 30 min Lucifer Yellow and Texas red colocalized in the same membrane bound compartments, indicating that the Lucifer Yellow had been delivered to lysosomes. We next prelabeled the plasma membrane of J774 cells with anti-macrophage antibody and Texas red protein A before Lucifer Yellow was loaded into the cells. The phase-lucent vacuoles that subsequently sequestered Lucifer Yellow also stained with Texas red, showing that they were part of the endocytic pathway. J774 cells were fractionated on percoll density gradients either 15 or 60 min after Lucifer Yellow was introduced into the cytoplasmic matrix of the cells. In cells fractionated after 15 min, Lucifer Yellow was contained within the fractions of light buoyant density that contain plasma membrane and endosomes; the dye later appeared in vesicles of higher density which contained lysosomes. Secretion of Lucifer Yellow from the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 cells is inhibited by the organic anion transport blocker probenecid. We found that probenecid also reversibly inhibited sequestration of dye, indicating that sequestration of dye within cytoplasmic vacuoles was also mediated by organic anion transporters. These studies show that the vacuoles that sequester Lucifer Yellow from the cytoplasmic matrix of J774 cells possess the attributes of endosomes. Thus, in addition to their role in sorting of membrane bound and soluble substances, macrophage endosomes may play a role in the accumulation and transport of molecules resident in the soluble cytoplasm.
High Prevalence of inhA Promoter Mutations among Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Creators: name: Niehaus, Abraham J.
name: Mlisana, Koleka
name: Gandhi, Neel R.
name: Mathema, Barun
name: Brust, James C. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Isoniazid
Mutation (Biology)
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Public health
Epidemiology
Medicine

description: Background
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) remains extremely difficult to treat because there are often few remaining active medications and limited diagnostic options to detect resistance. Resistance to isoniazid is typically caused by mutations in either katG or the inhA promoter. inhA mutations confer low-level resistance to isoniazid and cross-resistance to ethionamide while katG mutations confer high-level isoniazid resistance and no cross-resistance. Line Probe Assays (LPAs) that detect mutations in katG and inhA are currently performed on all positive TB cultures in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, but the frequency of inhA mutations in drug-resistant TB patients has not been examined.

Methods
We sought to determine the proportion of patients who could potentially benefit from high-dose isoniazid and who may be resistant to ethionamide. We reviewed 994 LPA (Hain MTBDRplus) results at the TB reference laboratory in KwaZulu-Natal to determine the frequency of mutations in either katG or the inhA promoter. We stratified these results by drug-resistance category (i.e., MDR-TB, pre-XDR-TB, and XDR-TB) as determined by phenotypic drug-susceptibility testing.

Results
Among MDR- and XDR-TB isolates, the prevalence of inhA mutations without a concurrent katG mutation was 14.8% and 10.3% respectively. The prevalence of inhA mutations with OR without a katG mutation was 30.3% and 82.8%, respectively.

Conclusion
More than 10% of patients with MDR- and XDR-TB may benefit from high-dose isoniazid. Although ethionamide is empirically included in all MDR- and XDR-TB regimens, nearly a third of MDR-TB patients and a majority of XDR-TB patients likely have resistance to ethionamide. Laboratories performing line probe assays should report specific band patterns so that clinicians may adjust treatment regimens accordingly.
An Empirical Analysis of Primary and Secondary Pharmaceutical Patents in Chile
Creators: name: Abud, María José
name: Hall, Bronwyn
name: Helmers, Christian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Drugs--Patents
Patent medicines
Filing systems
Pharmaceutical industry
Drugs
Medicine

description: We analyze the patent filing strategies of foreign pharmaceutical companies in Chile distinguishing between “primary” (active ingredient) and “secondary” patents (patents on modified compounds, formulations, dosages, particular medical uses, etc.). There is prior evidence that secondary patents are used by pharmaceutical originator companies in the U.S. and Europe to extend patent protection on drugs in length and breadth. Using a novel dataset that comprises all drugs registered in Chile between 1991 and 2010 as well as the corresponding patents and trademarks, we find evidence that foreign originator companies pursue similar strategies in Chile. We find a primary to secondary patents ratio of 1:4 at the drug-level, which is comparable to the available evidence for Europe; most secondary patents are filed over several years following the original primary patent and after the protected active ingredient has obtained market approval in Chile. This points toward effective patent term extensions through secondary patents. Secondary patents dominate “older” therapeutic classes like anti-ulcer and anti-depressants. In contrast, newer areas like anti-virals and anti-neoplastics (anti-cancer) have a much larger share of primary patents.
Phocarctos hookeri
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Otariidae
Phocarctos
Phocarctos hookeri

description: Phocarctos hookeri (Gray, 1844). Zool. Voy. H. M. S. "Erebus" and " Terror," 1:4. TYPE LOCALITY: New Zealand, Auckland Isis. ("Falkland Isis, and CapeHorn," obviously an error). DISTRIBUTION: Subantarctic islands of New Zealand. ISIS NUMBER: 5301413001006001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Carnivora, pp. 244-289 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 285, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352980
Mean field bipartite spin models treated with mechanical techniques
Creators: name: Barra, Adriano
name: Galluzzi, Andrea
name: Guerra, Francesco
name: Pizzoferrato, Andrea
name: Tantari, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by a continuously increasing interest in modeling and framing complex systems in a thermody- namic rationale, in this paper we continue our investigation in adapting well known techniques (originally stemmed in fields of physics and mathematics far from the present) for solving for the free energy of mean field spin models in a statistical mechanics scenario. Focusing on the test cases of bipartite spin systems embedded with all the possible interactions (self and reciprocal), we show that both the fully interacting bipartite ferromagnet as well as the spin glass counterpart, at least at the replica symmetric level, can be solved via the fundamental theorem of calculus, trough an analogy with the Hamilton-Jacobi theory and lastly with a mapping to a Fourier diffusion problem. All these technologies are shown symmetrically for ferromagnets and spin-glasses in full details and contribute as powerful tools in the investigation of complex systems.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Ca(2+)-independent F-actin assembly and disassembly during Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages
Creators: name: Greenberg, Steven
name: Di Virgilio, Francesco
name: Kaplan, Elise M.
name: El Khoury, Joseph
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Actin
subject: Phagocytosis
subject: Calcium ions--Physiological effect
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: Phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles by macrophages is presumed to involve the actin-based cytoskeleton since F-actin accumulates beneath forming phagosomes, and particle engulfment is blocked by cytochalasins, drugs that inhibit actin filament assembly. However, it is unknown whether Fc receptor ligation affects the rate or extent of F-actin assembly during phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles. To examine this question we have used a quantitative spectrofluorometric method to examine F-actin dynamics during a synchronous wave of phagocytosis of IgG-coated red blood cells by inflammatory mouse macrophages. We observed a biphasic rise in macrophage F-actin content during particle engulfment, with maxima at 1 and 5 min after the initiation of phagocytosis. F-actin declined to resting levels by 30 min, by which time particle engulfment was completed. These quantitative increases in macrophage F-actin were reflected in localized changes in F-actin distribution. Previous work showed that the number of IgG-coated particles engulfed by macrophages is unaffected by buffering extracellular calcium or by clamping cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) to very low levels (Di Virgilio, F., B. C. Meyer, S. Greenberg, and S. C. Silverstein. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 106: 657-666). To determine whether clamping [Ca2+]i in macrophages affects the rate of particle engulfment, or the assembly or disassembly of F-actin during phagocytosis, we examined these parameters in macrophages whose [Ca2+]i had been clamped to approximately less than 3 nM with fura 2/AM and acetoxymethyl ester of EGTA. We found that the initial rate of phagocytosis, and the quantities of F-actin assembled and disassembled were similar in Ca(2+)-replete and Ca(2+)-depleted macrophages. We conclude that Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse macrophages is accompanied by an ordered sequence of assembly and disassembly of F-actin that is insensitive to [Ca2+]i.
Zwote öffentliche Prüfung der ersten rhetorischen Klasse in dem churfürstlichen Schulhause zu Straubing nach den Gegenständen des gnädigst anbefohlenen Planes; 1776
Creators: name: Schuhbauer, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Gedruckt zu Straubing bey Maria Katharina Betzinn, 1776. - In Fraktur
Dimension of physical systems, information processing, and thermodynamics
Creators: name: Brunner, Nicolas
name: Kaplan, Marc
name: Leverrier, Anthony
name: Skrzypczyk, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We ask how quantum theory compares to more general physical theories from the point of view of dimension. To do so, we first give two model independent definition of the dimension of physical systems, based on measurements and on the capacity of storing information. While both definitions are equivalent in classical and quantum mechanics, they are in general different in generalized probabilistic theories. We discuss in detail the case of a theory known as 'boxworld', and show that such a theory features systems with a dimension mismatch. This dimension mismatch can be made arbitrarily large by using an amplification procedure. Furthermore, we show that the dimension mismatch of boxworld has strong consequences on its power for performing information-theoretic tasks, leading to the collapse of communication complexity and to the violation of information causality. Finally, we discuss the consequences of a dimension mismatch from the perspective of thermodynamics, and ask whether this effect could break Landauer's erasure principle and thus the second law.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures
title: Evaluation of Semiochemicals for Improved Monitoring and Management of Plum Curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) (Coleopter: Curculionidae)
Creators: name: Regmi, Prabina
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: Among several early-season insect pests threatening apple production in eastern North America, plum curculio (PC), Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most devastating pests of pome and stone fruits. Historically, several methods have been used to monitor and control plum curculio in apple orchards. The odor-baited trap tree approach has proven to serve as an effective monitoring and attract-and-kill system for plum curculio. The synergistic lure consisting of benzaldehyde (a plant volatile) and grandisoic acid (the PC aggregation pheromone) is used in this approach. However, the high cost of the lure and the degradation of benzaldehyde by UV light and heat have resulted in limited grower adoption. The major goals of this study were (1) to evaluate under field conditions, the attractiveness of methyl salicylate (MES) to PC, and to determine if it can replace the benzaldehyde (BEN), and (2) to test whether we can manipulate insect pest behavior through host plant preference by grafting selected perimeter- row trees with multiple cultivars. My results indicated that (1) methyl salicylate in combination with grandisoic acid was as attractive to PC as the standard synergistic lure composed of benzaldehyde and grandisoic acid, therefore MES can be used as a replacement for BEN, (2) trees grafted with six cultivars were more attractive to PC and concentrated more PC fruit injuries, compared to non-grafted trees, and (3) ‘Wickson’ and ‘Red Astrachan’ received numerically more PC injuries while ‘Dabinett’ received the lowest level of injury compared with other cultivars. These results highlight that a semiochemical-based strategy is a low-cost and grower-friendly approach to monitoring and controlling the PC population.
VVV Survey Near-Infrared Photometry of Known Bulge RR Lyrae stars: the Distance to the Galactic Center and Absence of a Barred Distribution of the Metal-Poor Population
Creators: name: Dékány, I.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Zoccali, M.
name: Saito, R. K.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Gonzalez, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have combined optical and near-infrared data of known RR Lyrae (RRL) stars in the bulge in order to study the spatial distribution of its metal-poor component by measuring precise reddening values and distances of 7663 fundamental-mode RRL stars with high-quality photometry. We obtain a distance to the Galactic center of R0 = 8.33 +/- 0.05 +/- 0.14 kpc. We find that the spatial distribution of the RRL stars differs from the structures traced by the predominantly metal-rich red clump (RC) stars. Unlike the RC stars, the RRL stars do not trace a strong bar, but have a more spheroidal, centrally concentrated distribution, showing only a slight elongation in its very center. We find a hint of bimodality in the density distribution at high southern latitudes (b < -5), which needs to be confirmed by extending the areal coverage of the current census. The different spatial distributions of the metal-rich and metal-poor stellar populations suggest that the Milky Way has a composite bulge.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, copyright AAS 2013
On The Limits Of Perfect Security For Steganographic System
Creators: name: Rafat, Khan Farhan
name: Sher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68Q25

description: Until now the discussion on perfect security for steganographic systems has remained confined within the realm of mathematicians and information theory experts whose concise and symbolic representation of their philosophies, postulates, and inference thereafter has made it hard for the naïve academics to have an insight of the concepts. This paper is an endeavor not only to appraise on the limitations of one of such pioneer comprehensions but also to illustrate a pitfall in another scheme that asserts on having perfect security without the use of public or secret key. Goals set are accomplished through contrasting test results of a steganographic scheme that exploits English words with corresponding acronyms for hiding bits of secret information in chat - a preferred way to exchange messages these days. The misapprehension about perfect security and reign in characteristic of stego key in bit embedding process are unfolded respectively by launching elementary chosen-message and chosen-cover attack, and through proposed enhancement of target scheme.
Random Matrix Spectra as a Time Series
Creators: name: Fossion, Ruben
name: Vargas, Gamaliel Torres
name: Vieyra, Juan Carlos López
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectra of ordered eigenvalues of finite Random Matrices are interpreted as a time series. Dataadaptive techniques from signal analysis are applied to decompose the spectrum in clearly differentiated trend and fluctuation modes, avoiding possible artifacts introduced by standard unfolding techniques. The fluctuation modes are scale invariant and follow different power laws for Poisson and Gaussian ensembles, which already during the unfolding allows to distinguish the two cases.
description: Phys. Rev. E (Rapid Communication) [http://pre.aps.org/accepted/ca072R0eWe4Ebf1410bf6d37595695d4a4c8cd76f] Accepted for publication, Wednesday Nov 20, 2013
Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs in macrophages at exceedingly low cytosolic Ca2+ levels.
Creators: name: Di Virgilio, Francesco
name: Meyer, B. Christoph
name: Greenberg, Steven
name: Silverstein, Samuel C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Phagocytosis
subject: Fc receptors
subject: Calcium ions--Physiological effect
subject: Cytology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: Cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis was investigated in mouse peritoneal macrophages and in the macrophage-like cell line J774. [Ca2+]i measurements were performed in both cells in suspension and cells in monolayers loaded with either quin2 or fura-2. Resting [Ca2+]i was 110-140 and 85-120 nM for cell suspensions and monolayers, respectively. There were no significant differences in [Ca2+]i between the two macrophage populations whether quin2 or fura-2 were used as Ca2+ indicators. Addition of heat-aggregated IgG, IgG-coated erythrocyte ghosts, or a rat monoclonal antibody (2.4G2) directed against mouse Fc receptor II induced a rise in [Ca2+]i. This [Ca2+]i increase was consistently observed in J774 and peritoneal macrophage suspensions and in J774 macrophage monolayers; in contrast it was observed inconsistently in peritoneal macrophages in monolayer cultures. The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by ligation of Fc receptors was inhibited totally in macrophages in suspension and by 80% in macrophages in monolayers by a short preincubation of macrophages with PMA; however, phagocytosis itself was unaffected. The effect of reducing cytosolic Ca2+ to very low concentrations on Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis was also investigated. By incubating macrophages with high concentrations of quin2/AM in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, or by loading EGTA into the cytoplasm, the [Ca2+]i was buffered and clamped to 1-10 nM. Despite this, the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes proceeded normally. These observations confirm the report of Young et al. (Young, J. D., S. S. Ko, and Z. A. Cohn. 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:5430-5434) that ligation of Fc receptors causes Ca2+ mobilization in macrophages. However, these results confirm and extend the findings of McNeil et al. (McNeil, P. L., J. A. Swanson, S. D. Wright, S. C. Silverstein, and D. L. Taylor. 1986. J. Cell Biol. 102:1586-1592) that a rise in [Ca2+]i is not required for Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis; and they provide direct evidence that Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis occurs normally even at exceedingly low [Ca2+]i.
title: Christian Gottlieb Kratzensteins, der Exper. Phys. und Medicin Prof. ... Vorlesungen über die Experimental-Physik; 1776
title: in einem kurzen Auszuge entworfen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kratzenstein, Christian Gottlieb
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Paginierfehler auf S. 131. - In Fraktur