cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study on Determinants of Dividend Policy and its Impact on Financial Performances: A Panel Data Analysis for Indian Listed Firms
Creators: name: N, Suresh
name: M, Pooja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Determination of the correct mix of dividend and retained earnings and its effect on profitability has been a subject of controversy in financial management literature. This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate by examining the relationship between dividend payout policy and the financial performance of 60 firms listed on the National Stock Exchange between 2009-2018. The Return on Assets (ROA) served as a surrogate for the dependent variable, profitability, while the Dividend Pay-out ratio proxied for dividend policy and was the only explanatory variable. Control variables include firm size, asset tangibility, and leverage. Regression result reveals a positive and significant relationship between dividend payout policy (DPO) and firm performance (ROA). It is recommended that companies should endeavor to put in place a robust dividend payout policy that would encourage investment in projects that give positive Net Present Value.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 22366.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 27.11.1966, erstellt von Werner Scheidegger
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1966

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss Coudé-Refraktor (150/2250 mm).
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Später wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund auswärtiger Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Zusätzlich notiert: Tabelle mit statistischen Angaben – mit Vermerk der Werte Gr, f und g, wobei die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl nach wie auf visueller Beobachtung und anderer Instrumentierung beruhte (und dafür das entsprechende Registerblatt (in Teilbestand acht) ausgefüllt wurde). Zusammen mit den täglichen Werten oft Angabe der Resultate der Flächenmessungen der Flecken (F und F -o) in Millionsteln der Scheibe bzw. der Halbkugel
Technology mapping of genetic circuit designs
Creators: name: Roehner, Nicholas
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2015
Subjects: Genetic circuit
Genetic design automation
Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology open language
Systems biology markup language
Technology mapping

description: Synthetic biology is a new field in which engineers, biologists, and chemists are working together to transform genetic engineering into an advanced engineering discipline, one in which the design and construction of novel genetic circuits are made possible through the application of engineering principles. This dissertation explores two engineering strategies to address the challenges of working with genetic technology, namely the development of standards for describing genetic components and circuits at separate yet connected levels of detail and the use of Genetic Design Automation (GDA) software tools to simplify and speed up the process of optimally designing genetic circuits. Its contributions to the field of synthetic biology include (1) a proposal for the next version of the Synthetic Biology Open Language (SBOL), an existing standard for specifying and exchanging genetic designs electronically, and (2) a GDA work ow that enables users of the software tool iBioSim to create an abstract functional specication, automatically select genetic components that satisfy the specication from a design library, and compose the selected components into a standardized genetic circuit design for subsequent analysis and physical construction. Ultimately, this dissertation demonstrates how existing techniques and concepts from electrical and computer engineering can be adapted to overcome the challenges of genetic design and is an example of what is possible when working with publicly available standards for genetic design.
Diagnostic Performance Of Reagent Strips And Microscopy For The Diagnosis Of Urinary Tract Infection Among Pregnant Women At the University Of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia A Cross Sectional Study
Creators: name: Belay, Getachew
name: Dagnew, Mulat
name: Ketema, Awgechaw
name: Mequanint, Habtalem
name: Fasil, Alebachew
name: Biadgo, Belete
name: Wondifraw, Habtamu
name: Gebrecherkos, Teklay
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences
Year: 2019

description: Ethiopian Journal of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2019)
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung unnummeriert, einen Zürcher Lückentag ergänzend.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 04.11.1966, erstellt von Gisèle Kesteloot, Observatoire Royal de Belgique in Uccle
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1966

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Zeichnung nach eigener Vorlage in Uccle.
Instrument: Merz-Grubb Refraktor Teleskop (Öffnung 160 mm, f = 2450 mm, projiziertes Sonnenbild D = 25 cm)
Metabolism of Inhaled Glucocorticoids and CYP3A Gene Regulation in Lung Cells
Creators: name: Roberts, Jessica Krystle
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2014

description: Asthma is a common disease that is most frequently treated with inhaled glucocorticoids which are used to decrease inflammation and mucus production in the airways. However, about 30% of asthma patients do not respond to treatment. A possible hypothesis for glucocorticoid insensitivity is increased metabolism of inhaled glucocorticoids by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzymes, particularly in the lung. The objectives for this dissertation were to evaluate the metabolism of five inhaled glucocorticoids (budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, fluticasone propionate, triamcinolone acetonide, and flunisolide) by CYP3A enzymes, and to determine if treatment with glucocorticoids in lung cells induced CYP3A enzyme expression, further increasing the metabolism of glucocorticoids in the lung. All three CYP3A enzymes (CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7) metabolized the five glucocorticoids, but to varying degrees and with unique products. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 were the most efficient at metabolizing the glucocorticoids; CYP3A7 had the lowest rates of metabolism. The most common metabolites produced by CYP3A enzymes with triamcinolone acetonide, budesonide, flunisolide, and beclomethasone dipropionate were 6β-hydroxylated and Δ6-dehydrogenated product, all of which are believed to be clearance metabolites. Investigation into the metabolism of beclomethasone dipropionate by A549 lung cells showed that a dehydrogenated P450-mediated metabolite, [M5], was produced, decreasing bioavailability of the active drug. It was also demonstrated that CYP3A5 mRNA was induced in A549 cells with glucocorticoid treatment. The induction of CYP3A mRNA was blocked when cells were co treated with esterase inhibitors and BDP, confirming the active metabolite, beclomethasone 17-monopropionate ([M1]), was mediating the induction of CYP3A5 mRNA, presumably through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). CYP3A5 mRNA induction was also attenuated by inhibiting GR using the antifungal drug, ketoconazole, further supporting the hypothesis that glucocorticoids binding to GR was the mechanism of CYP3A5 induction in A549 cells. Additional experimentation with primary cells (NHBE, lobar, SAEC, BEAS-2B, and tracheal cells) demonstrated that only SAEC cells expressed CYP3A5. However, CYP3A5 mRNA was not induced in SAEC cells with glucocorticoid treatment despite extensive manipulation of cell culture conditions, such as removing hydrocortisone and utilizing charcoal-stripped FBS for treatment, which could have interfered with the mechanism observed in A549 cells. Overall, the collective results described in this dissertation support the hypothesis that increased metabolism of glucocorticoids in the lung could lead to decreased bioavailability of pharmacologically active drug, and that continued treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids could perpetuate the inefficacy by inducing CYP3A5 enzymes, potentially causing glucocorticoid insensitivity seen in patients.
Sequence-aware multimodal page classification of Brazilian legal documents
Creators: name: de Araujo, Pedro H. Luz
name: de Almeida, Ana Paula G. S.
name: Braz, Fabricio A.
name: da Silva, Nilton C.
name: Vidal, Flavio de Barros
name: de Campos, Teofilo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Brazilian Supreme Court receives tens of thousands of cases each semester. Court employees spend thousands of hours to execute the initial analysis and classification of those cases -- which takes effort away from posterior, more complex stages of the case management workflow. In this paper, we explore multimodal classification of documents from Brazil's Supreme Court. We train and evaluate our methods on a novel multimodal dataset of 6,510 lawsuits (339,478 pages) with manual annotation assigning each page to one of six classes. Each lawsuit is an ordered sequence of pages, which are stored both as an image and as a corresponding text extracted through optical character recognition. We first train two unimodal classifiers: a ResNet pre-trained on ImageNet is fine-tuned on the images, and a convolutional network with filters of multiple kernel sizes is trained from scratch on document texts. We use them as extractors of visual and textual features, which are then combined through our proposed Fusion Module. Our Fusion Module can handle missing textual or visual input by using learned embeddings for missing data. Moreover, we experiment with bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (biLSTM) networks and linear-chain conditional random fields to model the sequential nature of the pages. The multimodal approaches outperform both textual and visual classifiers, especially when leveraging the sequential nature of the pages.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. This preprint, which was originally written on 8 April 2021, has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in the International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-022-00406-7 and https://rdcu.be/cRvvV
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 22256.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 06.07.1966, erstellt von Berthold Hermes
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1966

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss Coudé-Refraktor (150/2250 mm).
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Später wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund auswärtiger Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt
Intergenerational support in urban Latin America and the Caribbean: perspectives of older adults and their children
Creators: name: Quashie, Nekehia Tamara
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2015
Subjects: Caribbean
Gender
Intergenerational support
Latin America
Proximity
Urban

description: Latin American and Caribbean countries are aging rapidly. The pace of this process along with the institutional and economic contexts varies across countries, but there are common regional norms. Across the region, the family unit continues to bear significant responsibility for the well-being of older adults and within the family, there are gender differentiated expectations for the provision and receipt of support. The stability of the family and the gender roles therein, with regard to support for older adults, takes on more significance in countries where mobility among younger adults is commonplace and fertility continues to decline. Using data from the 2000 Survey of Health Well-Being and Aging of Older Adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE), this study provides a comparative assessment of intergenerational residential proximity and transfers of financial and functional support in the region among 9,259 older adults. It assesses the extent to which upward flows of support are conditioned by the prevailing economic and institutional contexts of aging as well as the gender systems of household organization in seven cities across the region. The findings reveal that patterns of residential proximity and support transfers in these cities generally differ according to the respective stage of demographic transition and the strength of social welfare systems in countries. Older adults in Montevideo are more likely to live further away from their children and to receive less support compared to those in Mexico City. Whereas older adults in Montevideo, Uruguay and Bridgetown, Barbados are less likely to receive financial support from children at further distances, older adults in Havana are not. Regarding gender, in all cities, except Buenos Aires, older women are more likely than men to receive support. Regional gender norms of sons being primarily responsible for economic support were not consistent across the cities. Altogether, findings reveal geographic proximity, gender systems, and macro level socioeconomic contexts shape intergenerational support.
Plato Wines
Creators: name: Croxford, Preston
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Platonic forms
Wineries
Space

description: Nothing lives long, only the earth and the mountains... An old Cheyenne saying was heard And as this thought filtered through my brain Emotions deep inside me were spurred Perhaps what we think we thought we knew Maybe we don't really know The lasting effects of man's built world On the things that naturally grow "To imitate nature is to insult beauty" One famous architect  once said So rather than create an "organic" form Why not something mathematic  instead? So I looked way back to the ancients Who used platonic forms as earth's base And found the simple angles of a cube Best defined a volume of space So when weather is cold and things aren't used We'll close it down, tight seal But harvest comes and the weather's warm Open walls, inside to reveal And when it's done, man's life has passed Disassemble, load it up, and haul away Leaving little evidence of our presence  Mother Nature lives on here to stay
Modeling and experimental validation of electroplating deposit distributions in copper sulfate solutions
Creators: name: Robison, Mark Robert
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cathode
Copper
Electrodeposition
Hull cell
Shaped

description: Uniform deposits are typically desired in electrodeposition; however, the geometry of the deposited surface often makes a uniform deposit difficult to achieve. The objectives of this thesis are to provide experimental and modeling data for deposit uniformity of several geometries in a copper sulfate solution and to create a model capable of predicting deposit uniformity on any geometry. Bench scale electroplating cells were set up to test deposit distributions of multiple geometries as well as to test deposit uniformity with varying copper concentrations and temperatures ranging from 30 g/L to 50 g/L Cu2+ and 30 °C to 60 °C. The deposit uniformity was determined by cross- sectioning the samples. Models were generated using a finite element analysis-based software package named COMSOL Multiphysics. The model results were compared to experimental results to verify model accuracy. Model results were determined to be accurate as long as the cathode size was not too small. In addition, a numerical model was developed based on cell geometry, current density, and limiting current density. This numerical model was compared with the COMSOL model, and the results show very good agreement between the two models. Results from the electrodeposition experiments, COMSOL model, and numerical model can be used to predict copper electrodeposition profiles and uniformity in a wide range of conditions and geometries.
Predicting audience demographics of web sites using local cues
Creators: name: Kim, Iljoo
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Audience demographics
Data mining
Online marketing strategies
Predictive modeling
text
classification
Web mining

description: The size and dynamism of the Web poses challenges for all its stakeholders, which include producers/consumers of content, and advertisers who want to place advertisements next to relevant content. A Critical piece of information for the stakeholders is the demographices of the consumers who are likety to visit a given web site. However, predicting the demogrphics of consumers who are likely to visit a given web site, while being essential, remains a challenging task.  Hence in this dissertation we ask the following questions: Is it possible to deduce the audience demographics of a web site based solely on the local cues such as the design or the content of the web site? If so, is it design, content, or combination that provides a good predicitive model? In addition to the design or the content, is it also possible to use the semantics embedded within content to further improve the prediction performance?   We explore these questions with statistical analyses as well as predictive models using various modeling schemes.   From the results, we find that it is indeed possible to effectively predict demographics of consumers of a web site using cues embedded in the design or the content of its homepage. In addition, we build and evaluate an ensemble classifier that combines the predictions from both design and content cues. An analysis of the ensemble suggests the possible use of the approach for better prediction. In addition to the classification-based predictive model that predicts a discrete demographic class (e.g., female) within each demographic dimension (e.g., gender), we also explore a regression-based predictive model that predicts the demographic composition (e.g., 63.5 % female) of a web site, which is a continuous dependent variable. We show that this model also works effectively with good estimation performance. Finally, we suggest a feature selection approach using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method and show that semantics extracted from web site content using the method can also be utilized to achieve a competitive prediction performance while significantly improving the prediction efficiency. The approaches in this study serve as low-burden complements to the more intrusive and costly registration/cookie based techniques.
Comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for detection of endotoxin
Creators: name: Nelson, Jerry Rees
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Immunoelectrophoresis

description: The USP rabbit bioassay and Limulus amebocyte gel tests were compared for ability to detect purified endotoxin or autoclaved suspensions of Gram-negat1ve and Gram-positive bacteria.  The USP rabbit test, the only legally accepted criterion for judging the presence or relative absence of endotoxin from parenteral solutions, could detect as little as 0.01 ug of endotoxin In any volume up to 10 ml/kg as well as 10 /ml Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli, 10[6]/ml  Pseudomonas aerugjnosa , or 10[8]/ml Staphylococcus aureus , when the sterile suspensions were injected, 10 ml/kg.  The Limulus test could detect as little as 0.00001 ug (0.1 pg) of purified endotoxin/ml or sterile suspensions containing 10[2]  S. typhimurium, E. coli , or Ps. aeruginosa, or 10[8] S. aureus .  Comparative assays of both procedures demonstrated that |he Limulus test is approximately 1000 times more sensitive to purified endotoxin or endotoxin containing bacteria than the legally accepted USP rabbit test.  Techicium-albumin preparations, deionized, distilled, and tap water, and catheter washing samples were tested by both USP and Ljmulus methods.  In all cases, samples tested by the USP rabbit procedure were negative.  All catheter washing samples were negative by Lfmulus test, but tap and distilled water samples were uniformly positive.  Deionized water and technicium-albumin samples gave both positive and negative reactions.  Since the rabbit and man have been shown to be approximately equal In their response to threshold pyrogenic doses of endotoxin, and since no patient reactions attributable to endotoxin were noted after injection of the technicium-albumin preparations, the Limulus test in unmodified form appears to be too sensitive for judging whether or not solutions Intended for human use are contaminated with endotoxin.  Two reproducible techniques for reducing the sensitivity of the lysate have been presented.  Simple dilution of active lysate from 1:2 through 1:5 produces a geometric reduction in lysate reactivity.  The sensitivity of the lysate can also be reduced by reading the reaction at time intervals prior to the customary 2 hours.  Polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis assays of Limulus amebocyte lysate indicate that the lysate is heterogenous, Preparations contained at least 10 distinct protein entities with molecular weights ranging from 22,000 to 185,000. Analyses of several different Ljmulus lysate lots from 3 sources, demonstrated variation in protein content and reactivity to endotoxin unrelated to total protein.  Standardization of all lots of Limulus lysate against knov>rn concentration positive and absolute negative controls was found to be of critical importance to insure reproducible results in endotoxin testing.
Boron neutron capture therapy for HER2+ breast cancers: a feasability study evaluating BNCT for potential role in breast conservation therapies
Creators: name: Jenkins, Peter Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013
Subjects: BNCT
Breast Cancer
Kerma

description: A novel Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) regimen for the treatment of HER2+ breast cancers has been proposed as an alternative to whole breast irradiation for breast conservation therapy patients. The proposed therapy regimen is based on the assumed production of boron delivery agents that would be synthesized from compounds of Trastuzumab (Herceptin ®) and oligomeric phosphate diesters (OPDs). The combination of the anti‐HER2 monoclonal antibody and the high boron loading capability of OPDs has led to the assumption that boron could be delivered to the HER2+ cancer cells at Tumor to Healthy Tissue ratios (T:H) of up to 35:1 and boron concentrations above 50 μg/g. This significantly increased boron delivery efficiency has opened new BNCT possibilities. This proof of concept study examined treatment parameters derived as the results in previous efforts in the context of patient‐specific geometry and compared calculated dose results to those observed during actual patient therapy. These results were based on dose calculations performed with a set of calculated Kerma coefficients derived from tissues specific to the regions of interest for breast cancer. A comparison was made of the dose to the tumor region, the patient's skin, and the peripheral organs. The results of this study demonstrated that, given the performance of the proposed boron delivery agent, the BNCT treatment regimen is feasible. The feasibility is based on the findings that the equivalent dose could be delivered to the treatment volume with less dose to the skin and peripheral organs. This is anticipated to improve the treatment outcomes by maintaining local control of tumor cells while reducing dose to healthy tissues.
Simple machines: poems
Creators: name: Duffey, Barbara Nollmann
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2015
Subjects: Infertility
Machines
Origami
Poems

description: A book of poems, Simple Machines asks in what respect the human body can be considered a simple machine in the tradition of the inclined plane, the lever, and the pulley. It often ends up frustrated-infertility is particularly devastating to the speaker of these poems-at how unpredictable and alienating one's own body can be. Simple Machines takes up language as another possible "simple machine"; it experiments with composition methods that might be considered "mechanical" or actually use machines, literally. For example, in the first section, I use the online Oxford English Dictionary's reverse-search feature to create word lists from which to compose poems. In the second section, I conduct erasures of scholarly texts about machines' surprisingly human capabilities. In the third section, I also present "poem machines" in homage to the language machine in Swift's Gulliver's Travels-paper structures that can be bound in a book and later detached, assembled, and manipulated to make poems. These restrictive writing methods allow for the kind of invention created by the necessity of stringent regulations. They mimic the proposed mechanical nature of the body-if the language itself has hidden structures made available by technology, perhaps the human body and mind do, as well. Donna Haraway's "A Cyborg Manifesto" argues that machines are inextricably linked to our bodies, and we can exploit that connection for our own creativity. Vernor Vinge, in "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era," argues for "human/computer symbiosis in art" as a process of "Intelligence Amplification (IA)," an alternative to Artificial Intelligence (AI). This dissertation aligns itself with the idea of IA-I intend a "merging of competence," to use Vinge's term, between my ability as a poet and the computer's ability to search great quantities of words to find groups of words whose members have surprising similarities, as made available by electronic dictionaries. Modernist literary concerns propose a poetics invested in technological innovation, humankind's triumph over nature via technology-William Carlos Williams, in his introduction to The Wedge, calls a poem "a small (or large) machine made of words." In that vein, this project tests the hypothesis that our machines, our bodies, and our language sync up-if we think of the body as a machine, do we expect too much from it? Or do we expect the wrong things? Or do machines hold unexpected abilities we can use for our own artistic aims, perhaps in "collaboration"? And what kind of poetry would that make possible? I propose that the answers to these questions depend upon and spring up from Haraway's assertion that "[o]ur machines are disturbingly lively, and we ourselves frighteningly inert."
Postpartum needs of women who deliver by Cesarean section
Creators: name: Mulkey, Madge Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Recovery

description: A descriptive study of the postpartum needs and concerns of 51 women who delivered by Cesarean section was conducted at one Salt Lake City hospital. The purpose of the study was to investigate and define the specific postpartum needs and concerns of women who deliver by Caesarean section.  The mean number of total concerns of the sample was 5.8 out of a possible eight.  The mean intensity score of total concerns was 24.3 out of a possible 8 through 56.  The specific areas which the most women in the sample reported as areas of concern were difficulty getting enough rest (95.7%), difficulty keeping up with housework and family care (91.5%), concern with insufficient time for self (85.1%), concern relative to feelings of depression or anxiety (83.0%), and concern with insufficient time or energy for family (80.8%).  Significant numbers of women also responded with concerns in the areas of feeling inadequate with baby care (61.1%), financial concerns (62.8%), concern with too many visitors (46.8%), and concern with too much advice form family and friends (36.2%).  The concerns of highest mean intensity were difficulty getting enough rest, concern with insufficient time or energy for family, difficulty keeping up with housework and family care, concern relative to feelings of depression or anxiety, and concern with insufficient time for self, followed by financial concerns, feeling inadequate with baby care, concern with too many visitors, and concern with too much advice form family and friends. Adjustment of the mother and other family members to the new baby, perceptions of the recovery period, reactions to and feelings about the Cesarean section, and specific factors which may have influenced events and perceptions of the postpartum period were also investigated.  All of the women in the sample expressed postpartum needs and concerns of varying number and intensity.  A significant number of women expressed some difficulty in dealing both with the Cesarean delivery and with a Cesarean section recovery, indicating a need for follow-up study as well as increased support to these women.  Recommendations for further study and for improved care are included.
Dark energy from non-degenerate Higgs-vacuum
Creators: name: Usman, Muhammad
name: Qadir, Asghar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar fields are favorite among the possible candidates for the dark energy. Most frequently discussed are those with degenerate minima at $\pm ϕ_{min}$. In this paper, a slightly modified two-Higgs doublet model is taken to contain the Higgs field(s) as the dark energy candidate(s). The model considered has two non-degenerate minima at $ϕ_{\pm}$, instead of one degenerate minimum at $\pmϕ_{min}$. The component fields of one SU(2) doublet ($ϕ_1$) act as the standard model (SM) Higgs, while the component fields of the second doublet ($ϕ_2$) are taken to be the dark energy candidates (lying in the true vacuum). It is found that one \emph{can} arrange for late time acceleration (dark energy) by using an SU(2) Higgs doublet, whose vacuum expectation value is zero, in the quintessential regime.
description: 11 Pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1506.07099
Temperature change in the newborn : its implication for flexible nursing care
Creators: name: Bartholomew, Jewel Alexander
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Mother-Infant Interaction

description: The purpose of this study was to determine if there would be a statistically significant difference in loss of body heat between the newborn infant dried, wrapped in a warm blanket and held by the mother for 15 minutes post-delivery, and the newborn infant dried and placed under a radiant heater for 15 minutes post-delivery.  Normal newborn infants weighing over 51/2 pounds and with Apgar scores of 7 and above were the subjects. The number studied was 50 infants.  All data were collected by the investigator in a private hospital situated in a small middle to upper-middle class university community. Mothers of infants studied were largely middle-class with medical care provided by private physicians. The control group of 25 infants received routine care, i.e., placed in a crib under a radiant heater and dried, remaining there for the 15-minute experimental period. The experimental group included 25 infants who were dried, wrapped in a warm blanket and held by the mother for the 15-minute experimental period. All subjects had rectal temperatures taken at 5 and 15 minutes after birth.  Temperatures of infants placed under the radiant heater were then compared with the temperatures of those infants held by their mothers. Variables relative to weight, sex, Apgar score, room temperature, crib temperature and mother's temperature were compared in the two groups. Two-way analysis of covariance and correlations of variables were achieved utilizing an IBM 360 Model 65 computer at the Brigham Young University computer research center.  It was found there was no significant statistical difference in the amount of heat loss between the control and experimental group, and the temperatures of both groups remained within the acceptable range of heat loss.  There was statistically significant positive correlation between the mother's temperature and the   infant's 5 and 15-niinute temperature in both groups.  In the control group, positive correlation existed between the room t temperature and crib temperature. In the experimental group there was positive correlation between the infant's 15-minute temperature and his weight.  Negative correlation was present in the control group between the Apgar score and the 5 and 15-minute temperatures and in the experimental   group between the amount of heat loss and the infant's weight.    Variation in the crib temperature in both groups approached the level of significance.  Data  from this small   study seem to indicate that  if the normal newborn is thoroughly dried and wrapped  in a warm blanket,  he can be he held by his mother without significant loss of body heat.
Role of the monoaminergic uptake systems in the neurochemical response to methamphetamine
Creators: name: Schmidt, Christopher Joseph
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012

description: High doses of methamphetamine impair monoamine synthesis in several regions of the rat brain. In the neostriatum, tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase activities are significantly depressed after methamphetamine administration as are neostriatal concentrations of dopamine, serotonin and their primary metabolites. Experiments were performed to determine the role of the monoamine uptake systems in this response to methamphetamine. Coadministration of the dopamine uptake carrier, amfonelic acid, with methamphetamine selectively prevented the effect of methamphetamine on the dopaminergic system. The decrease in neostriatal dopamine concentration and TH activity were significantly attenuated; however, amfonelic acid was without effect on methamphetamine-induced changes in TPH activity. In vitro, amfonelic acid caused a dose-dependent inhibition of methamphetamine-induced [('3)H]DA release from superfused neostriatal slices. However, amfonelic acid had no effect on the efflux of [('3)H]amphetamine from neostriatal slices indicating the dopamine uptake carrier was not involved in the transport of amphetamine across the neuronal cell membrane. The results suggest that amfonelic acid antagonizes the effects of methamphetamine in vivo and in vitro by interfering with methamphetamine-induced, carrier-mediated transport of dopamine out of the neuron. Analogous experiments were conducted for the serotonergic system using the serotonin uptake inhibitors citalopram and chlorimipramine. Both of these drugs significantly attenuated the decrease in TPH activity observed in th neostriatum and cerebral cortex after repeated methamphetamine administration. The methamphetamine-induced decline in neostriatal serotonin concentration was also antagonized by the uptake inhibitors. Citalopram also blocked the depression of neostriatal TPH activity which occurs after the acute administration of methamphetamine. The effects of citalopram on methamphetamine-induced [('3)H]5HT was examined using neostriatal slices from reserpinize-pretreated rats. Citalopram significantly attenuated the release of [('3)H]5HT by methamphetamine from this preparation. The results support a role for the 5HT uptake carrier in the neurochemical effects of methamphetamine on the serotonergic system.
Reinstatement of Cocaine-Seeking Behavior Induced by Discrete Sensory Cues and the Associated Immediate Early Gene Expression
Creators: name: Riedy, Matthew D
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Cocaine Abuse

description: Drug addiction is a serious problem for modern societies worldwide. There are  remarkable costs associated with this problem, from the direct costs of the substance  abuse treatment and prevention healthcare infrastructure to the less direct implications  for the criminal justice system and social welfare programs. For individuals there is a  loss of health, livelihood, interpersonal relationships, freedom, and ultimately life.  The hallmark behavioral feature of addiction is a pattern of intermittent relapse lasting  for decades after initial substance abuse. The research community has made a  substantial investment of time and resources to better understand the etiology and  fundamental features underlying addiction and relapse. Modern theories posit that  addiction involves a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in drug-seeking  and drug-taking behaviors despite significant negative consequences. In humans,  exposure to drug-associated stimuli and environmental contexts is known to induce an  intense state of craving, independent of the length of time since acute drug exposure.  Furthermore, neuroimaging studies of humans have suggested that basal ganglia  structures may be involved in craving.  Progress in the study of basal ganglia-mediated learning and memory has  begun to outline a neuroanatomical substrate for the transition of egocentric, selfinitiated  goal-directed behavior, to allocentric or externally driven behavior arising  from exposure to environmental contexts or particular stimuli. While many elegant experiments have addressed the ability of drug-associated environmental contexts to  affect behavior, the ability of discrete drug-associated sensory cues to affect behavior  has been less thoroughly addressed. Discrete cues can become associated with drug use  by two major operant learning mechanisms that vary in their temporal relationship to  the subjective perception of primary reinforcement. The experiments described in this  dissertation were designed to identify the extent to which discriminative stimuli and  conditioned reinforcers activate the same or different populations of neurons in the  dorsal striatum, the main input nucleus of the mammalian basal ganglia. This work has  examined, in a novel experimental model of relapse, the capability of discrete sensory  cues to elicit reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior and the expression of learning and  memory related genes associated with this behavior.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 22380.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 18.12.1966, erstellt von Antoine Zelenka
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1966

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss Coudé-Refraktor (150/2250 mm).
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich notiert: Tabelle mit statistischen Angaben – mit Vermerk der Werte Gr, f und g, wobei die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl nach wie auf visueller Beobachtung und anderer Instrumentierung beruhte (und dafür das entsprechende Registerblatt (in Teilbestand acht) ausgefüllt wurde). Zusammen mit den täglichen Werten oft Angabe der Resultate der Flächenmessungen der Flecken (F und F -o) in Millionsteln der Scheibe bzw. der Halbkugel
Fundamental studies of palladium and platinum size-selected model catalysts
Creators: name: Roberts, Francis Sloan
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2014
Subjects: Catalysis
Clusters
CO oxidation
Electronic structure
Model catalysts
Surface science

description: The research presented in this dissertation describes fundamental studies of sizeselected palladium and platinum clusters supported on a metal oxide surface. Using carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation as a probe reaction, the catalytic activity as well as the surface properties of the model catalysts were investigated with an emphasis on elucidating the interplay between size-dependent physical and electronic structures. The details and background for model catalyst research are provided in Chapter 1 with a description of the importance of cluster size and how changes in the physical and electronic structure affect catalytic activity. A brief description of the experimental setup is presented at the end of Chapter 1 along with an introduction to a new and important addition to the setup -- a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp. The lamp was constructed with the goal of performing ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and the details of the design and operation are given in Chapter 2. Using the newly designed VUV lamp, the valence electronic structure of the Pdn/TiO2(110) model system was investigated in order to determine changes as a function of cluster size, CO exposure, and oxidation. The size-dependent core and valence level shifts were found to track equally in direction and magnitude, with the details given in Chapter 3. The focus then turns to the Ptn/alumina/Re(0001) system to investigate the size-dependent surface properties and catalytic activity. Beginning in Chapter 4, the VUV lamp was used to measure the valence electronic structure of the model catalyst, and it was determined that size-dependent shifts in the Ptn valence band strongly correlate with the size-dependent activity for the CO oxidation reaction. The valence band structure is thought to determine how efficiently the clusters dissociatively adsorb oxygen, which is considered to be the rate limiting step in the reaction. Chapter 5 provides further detailed study of the physical and electronic structure of the model catalyst, and the findings suggest the growth of 3-dimensional clusters (as opposed to single layer, 2-dimensional clusters) to be vitally important in determining the electronic structure of the Ptn clusters, and ultimately their catalytic activities.
Human life histories in an evolutionary and comparative context
Creators: name: Robson, Shannen Lorraine
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Dentition
Encephalization
Heterogeneity
Life history
Marital fertility
Twinning

description: This dissertation utilizes life history theory to describe traits that are derived in humans through comparisons with other primate species. Modern human life histories are unique in that they are slower, exhibiting distinctly long postmenopausal life spans and later ages at sexual maturity as a result of a reduction in adult mortality since the evolutionary split the last Pan-Homo ancestor. Faster reproduction with shorter than expected interbirth intervals and earlier weaning ages are likely the result of cooperative breeding featuring postmenopausal grandmothers. Life history traits are distinguished  from life history related variables (LHRVs) which are used to makes inferences about life history variables in extinct taxa. Body mass LHRV is a strong predictive life history proxy, but brain size and dental development are only weakly associated and inferences using them should be made with caution. Age at first birth is a central variable in demographic life history models as it identifies the beginning of fertility. For most mammals, age at first birth is closely aligned with the timing of physiological maturity.  Humans live in varying ecologies that influence maturation rates and have marriage institutions that can constrain sexual access to fecund females. With few exceptions, the floor of the range of human age at first birth is remarkably consistent at about 17-18  years. Women who experience their first births before this age suffer maternal and infant costs. Heterogeneity, the inherent variation in individual quality, may have an important impact on the timing of life history events. Individuals of lower quality in severe conditions are prone to culling, leaving a subset of robust individuals who thrive in measurable ways. A test of this heterogeneity hypothesis is conducted using a subset of  historic vital records from the Utah Population Database. Results show that mothers of twins have a more robust phenotype with lower postmenopausal mortality, shorter  average interbirth intervals, later ages at last birth, and higher lifetime fertility than their singleton-only bearing counterparts. Thus, bearing twins may be a useful index of maternal heterogeneity.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 22240.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 18.06.1966, erstellt von Berthold Hermes
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1966

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift überschrieben, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung in der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss Coudé-Refraktor (150/2250 mm).
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden mit Bleistift auf einem Vordruck eingetragen. Später wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund auswärtiger Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Zusätzlich notiert: Tabelle mit statistischen Angaben – mit Vermerk der Werte Gr, f und g, wobei die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl nach wie auf visueller Beobachtung und anderer Instrumentierung beruhte (und dafür das entsprechende Registerblatt (in Teilbestand acht) ausgefüllt wurde). Zusammen mit den täglichen Werten oft Angabe der Resultate der Flächenmessungen der Flecken (F und F -o) in Millionsteln der Scheibe bzw. der Halbkugel
Teaching Quantum Informatics at School: Computer Science Principles and Standards
Creators: name: Paparo, Giulia
name: Finsterhoelzl, Regina
name: Waldvogel, Bettina
name: Grillenberger, Mareen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: The application of knowledge from quantum physics to computer science, which we call \doubleq{quantum informatics}, is driving the development of new technologies, such as quantum computing and quantum key distribution. Researchers in physics education have recognized the promise and significance of teaching quantum informatics in schools, and various teaching methods are being developed, researched and applied. Although quantum informatics is equally relevant to computer science education, little research has been done on how to teach it with a focus on computer science concepts and knowledge. In this study, we position quantum informatics within Denning's Great Principles of Computing and propose Quantum Informatics Standards for secondary schools.