cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Contracting for Perennial Energy Crops Under Uncertainty and Costly Reversibility
Creators: name: McCarty, Tanner
name: Sesmero, Juan
name: Gramig, Ben
name: McCarty, Tanner
name: Sesmero, Juan
name: Gramig, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: real options
subject: contracting
subject: uncertainty
subject: costly reversibility

description: This paper addresses the impact that different contracts can have on a farmer’s willingness to grow perennial crops, and both the risk the cost effectiveness of each type. Growing perennial energy crops such as poplar, requires large up front capital costs that are largely irreversible. It is also associated with highly volatile returns that can discourage cultivation. Traditional approaches to predict the entry threshold for a given project, such as NPV or Marshallian entry neglect to account for the uncertain, sunk, and intertemporal nature of these types of problems and thus under-estimate the profitability required for entry (Dixit and Pindyck, 1994). This study addresses this problem by using real options analysis. Higher degrees of uncertainty and irreversibility translate into higher premiums on entry due to the value of waiting for more information. Our results suggest that different contracts can erode some of this premium. This study finds the specific type of contract that would trigger cultivation at the lowest possible cost to the biofuel plant. This study considers three different types of payment (performance, acreage, and cost index) to induce investment into poplar tree cultivation. It solves for the entry and exit net revenue thresholds under multiple levels and payment types, using real options. It then uses this threshold to calculate performance, acreage, and the total payment required for entry on a per ton of biomass basis.
MOESM4 of Reasons for nonuse of contraceptive methods by women with demand for contraception not satisfied: an assessment of low and middle-income countries using demographic and health surveys
Creators: name: LaĂ­Sa Moreira
name: Ewerling, Fernanda
name: Aluisio Barros
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Reason health concerns according to stratifiers in women (15â 49â years old) with demand for contraception not satisfied.
Gain without population inversion in V-type systems driven by a frequency-modulated field
Creators: name: Wanare, Harshawardhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain gain of the probe field at multiple frequencies in a closed three-level V-type system using frequency modulated pump field. There is no associated population inversion among the atomic states of the probe transition. We describe both the steady-state and transient dynamics of this system. Under suitable conditions, the system exhibits large gain simultaneously at series of frequencies far removed from resonance. Moreover, the system can be tailored to exhibit multiple frequency regimes where the probe experiences anomalous dispersion accompanied by negligible gain-absorption over a large bandwidth, a desirable feature for obtaining superluminal propagation of pulses with negligible distortion.
description: 10 pages + 8 figures; To appear in Physical Review A
Additional file 1: of A fern WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX gene functions in both gametophyte and sporophyte generations
Creators: name: Youngstrom, Christopher
name: Geadelmann, Lander
name: Irish, Erin
name: Chi-Lien Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S1. Phylogeny of WOX proteins from representative embryophytes. Abbreviations Ot, Ostreococcus tauri; Ol, Osctreococcus lucimarinus; Pp, Physcomitrella patens; Sk, Selaginella kraussiana; Af, Azolla filiculoides; Sc, Salvinia cuculata; Cr, Ceratopteris richardii; Os, Oryza sativa; At, Arabidopsis thaliana. Evolutionary history was inferred using Maximum-likelihood method with 500 bootstrap replicates as a test of relatedness. Alignment of sequences was conducted with T-Coffee and cladogram constructed in phyML and visualized with MEGA7. The WOX genes in the two sequenced fern genomes, Azolla and Salvinia [58] have not been previously included in constructing any WOX tree. Asterisk denote outgroup. (DOCX 1484 kb)
title: Acoustically assessing apes: chimpanzee conservation with passive acoustic monitoring
Creators: name: Crunchant, A-S
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2022

description: With one million species at risk of extinction, there is an urgent need to regularly monitor threatened wildlife. In practice this is challenging, especially with wide-ranging, elusive and cryptic species or those that occur at low densities, such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Monitoring is needed to establish conservation actions, but also to assess population trends. For conservationists, key questions concern species distributions and densities. These data must be regularly updated, allowing conservation planners to effectively execute and assess conservation efforts. Conservationists benefit from methods that are time- and cost-efficient and simultaneously provide accurate and precise data. I evaluate passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) as a tool for detecting, localising, and estimating densities of chimpanzees. I compare with results from camera traps (CT), a more common method. I deployed two arrays of acoustic sensors in Issa Valley, Tanzania: one comprising twelve non-GPS-synchronised acoustic sensors across the whole study area for nine months to estimate chimpanzee presence/absence and density. I simultaneously deployed 53 CT for methodological comparison and used spatial capture-recapture (SCR) and distance sampling (DS) methods. Another acoustic array comprised four custom-built GPS synchronised acoustic sensors, deployed for a 3-month period around a single valley (~2km2), to localise chimpanzees. I found chimpanzee detectability varied over seasons. It is five times faster than an equivalent method using CT. Furthermore, I found that the estimated density of calling chimpanzees with acoustic SCR was lower than density derived from SCR with CT data, but within the 95% CI obtained with DS and CT data. Playback sounds were localisable with 27 ± 21.8m error and chimpanzee calls were localisable within 52m from the location of a researcher following the calling individuals. These results suggest PAM is a promising non-invasive method for chimpanzee monitoring. Despite the current challenges to automate data analysis, improvements of automatic call detection are promising. I anticipate that PAM will become more common in the conservationist’s toolbox for loud calling terrestrial species monitoring such as chimpanzees, gibbons, orangutans, wolves or elephants.
Additional file 2 of LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions
Creators: name: Zhao, Peng
name: Xu, Yuanzhong
name: Jiang, Lu-Lin
name: Fan, Xuejun
name: Ku, Zhiqiang
name: Li, Leike
name: Liu, Xiaoye
name: Deng, Mi
name: Arase, Hisashi
name: Zhu, Jay-Jiguang
name: Huang, Timothy Y.
name: Zhao, Yingjun
name: Zhang, Chengcheng
name: Xu, Huaxi
name: Tong, Qingchun
name: Zhang, Ningyan
name: An, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. Establishment of reporter cell lines for studying LILRB2 and TREM2 a. Schematic diagram showing the cell line LILRB2_muITIM-TREM2. b. Schematic diagram showing oAβ or PS activates LILRB2 chimeric reporter cells. The chimeric LILRB2-ITAM signaling triggers the NFAT pathway upon binding and crosslinking by oAβ or PS, leading to induced GFP expression. The Ig-like domains of LILRB2 are depicted as spheres. The ITAM motifs of the chimeric LILRB2 are from helical and intracellular regions of TREM2, which mediates activation functions after associating with DAP12. c-d. Activation of LILRB2-chimeric GFP reporter cells by oAβ and lipids. Plate-coated oAβ (c) or lipids (d) were incubated with LILRB2-chimeric reporter cells, and the percentage of GFP+ cells is shown in the y-axis. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4 independent experiments). e. Schematic diagram showing oAβ or PS activates TREM2-DAP12 reporter cells. TREM2-DAP12 binding and crosslinking by oAβ or PS trigger the NFAT pathway leading to induced GFP expression. ITAM motifs in the TREM2 figure are from DAP12. f-g. Activation of TREM2 GFP reporter cells by oAβ or lipids. Plate-coated oAβ (f) or lipids (g) were incubated with TREM2-DAP12 reporter cells. The percentage of GFP+ cells is shown on the y-axis. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4 independent experiments). h. Comparison of monomer oAβ versus oligomer oAβ in the activation of LILRB2 or TREM2 reporter cells. i. Schematic diagram showing the reporter cell line muLILRB2-TREM2. j. Surface expression of TREM2 and LILRB2 on BV2-LILRB2 cells. Indicated antibodies were used to stain surface receptors on BV2-LILRB2 cells after Fc blocking. The antibody was detected by Alexa Fluor 488-streptavidin, and the fluorescent signals (x-axis) were plotted as a histogram with normalized cell percentage on the y-axis. k. MFI of LILRB2-BV2 or LILRB2_muITIM-BV2 cells stained by indicated antibodies (x-axis) as shown in j. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments).
A Comprehensive Study on Deep Learning Bug Characteristics
Creators: name: Islam, Md Johirul
name: Nguyen, Giang
name: Pan, Rangeet
name: Rajan, Hridesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning has gained substantial popularity in recent years. Developers mainly rely on libraries and tools to add deep learning capabilities to their software. What kinds of bugs are frequently found in such software? What are the root causes of such bugs? What impacts do such bugs have? Which stages of deep learning pipeline are more bug prone? Are there any antipatterns? Understanding such characteristics of bugs in deep learning software has the potential to foster the development of better deep learning platforms, debugging mechanisms, development practices, and encourage the development of analysis and verification frameworks. Therefore, we study 2716 high-quality posts from Stack Overflow and 500 bug fix commits from Github about five popular deep learning libraries Caffe, Keras, Tensorflow, Theano, and Torch to understand the types of bugs, root causes of bugs, impacts of bugs, bug-prone stage of deep learning pipeline as well as whether there are some common antipatterns found in this buggy software. The key findings of our study include: data bug and logic bug are the most severe bug types in deep learning software appearing more than 48% of the times, major root causes of these bugs are Incorrect Model Parameter (IPS) and Structural Inefficiency (SI) showing up more than 43% of the times. We have also found that the bugs in the usage of deep learning libraries have some common antipatterns that lead to a strong correlation of bug types among the libraries.
Weak LQG metrics and Liouville first passage percolation
Creators: name: Dubédat, Julien
name: Falconet, Hugo
name: Gwynne, Ewain
name: Pfeffer, Joshua
name: Sun, Xin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Liouville quantum gravity
Gaussian free field
LQG metric
Liouville first passage percolation
60D05 (geometric probability)
60G60 (random fields)

description: Funder: Columbia University Minerva fund
description: Abstract: For γ∈(0, 2), we define a weakγ-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric to be a function h↦Dh which takes in an instance of the planar Gaussian free field and outputs a metric on the plane satisfying a certain list of natural axioms. We show that these axioms are satisfied for any subsequential limits of Liouville first passage percolation. Such subsequential limits were proven to exist by Ding et al. (Tightness of Liouville first passage percolation for γ∈(0, 2), 2019. ArXiv e-prints, arXiv:1904.08021). It is also known that these axioms are satisfied for the 8/3-LQG metric constructed by Miller and Sheffield (2013–2016). For any weak γ-LQG metric, we obtain moment bounds for diameters of sets as well as point-to-point, set-to-set, and point-to-set distances. We also show that any such metric is locally bi-Hölder continuous with respect to the Euclidean metric and compute the optimal Hölder exponents in both directions. Finally, we show that LQG geodesics cannot spend a long time near a straight line or the boundary of a metric ball. These results are used in subsequent work by Gwynne and Miller which proves that the weak γ-LQG metric is unique for each γ∈(0, 2), which in turn gives the uniqueness of the subsequential limit of Liouville first passage percolation. However, most of our results are new even in the special case when γ=8/3.
With four Standard Model families, the LHC could discover the Higgs boson with a few fb^-1
Creators: name: Arik, E.
name: Arik, M.
name: Cetin, S. A.
name: Conka, T.
name: Mailov, A.
name: Sultansoy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of a 4th SM family would produce a large enhancement of the gluon fusion channel of Higgs boson production at hadron colliders. In this case, the SM Higgs boson could be seen at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) via the golden mode (H->4l) with an integral luminosity of only a few fb^-1.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, references updated in v4
The First Three Pomerons
Creators: name: Petrov, V. A.
name: Prokudin, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of a three Pomeron contribution to high energy elastic $pp$ and $\bar p p$ scattering is proposed. The data are well described for all momenta ($0.01\le |t|\le 14. GeV^2$) and energies ($8.\le\sqrt{s}\le 1800. GeV$) ($χ^2/{\rm d.o.f.}=2.74$). The model predicts the appearance of two dips in the differential cross-section which will be measured at LHC. The parameters of the Pomeron trajectories are: $α(0)_{{\Bbb P}_1}=1.058, α'(0)_{{\Bbb P}_1}=0.560 (GeV^{-2});$ $α(0)_{{\Bbb P}_2}=1.167, α'(0)_{{\Bbb P}_2}=0.273 (GeV^{-2});$ $α(0)_{{\Bbb P}_3}=1.203, α'(0)_{{\Bbb P}_3}=0.094 (GeV^{-2}).$
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
Spherically confined H$_2^+$: $^2Σ_g^+$ and $^2Σ_u^+$ states
Creators: name: Longo, Gaia Micca
name: Longo, Savino
name: Giordano, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The molecular ion H$_2^+$ is studied under strong confinement conditions produced by a spherical barrier centered in the gravity center of the molecule. Results for the potential curves are obtained by diffusion Monte Carlo methods for the ground state (X$^2Σ_g^+$) and the first excited state (A$^2Σ_u^+$), and reported as functions of the internuclear distance d for different values of the confinement radius. Results show that the compressed state corresponding to both $^2Σ_g^+$ and $^2Σ_u^+$ present deep minima in their potential curves, due to the increased space for electron wave-functions when the protons are displaced from the barrier surface.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 24 bibliographic references
The Inert Brain: Explaining Neural Inertia as Post-anaesthetic Sleep Inertia
Creators: name: Luppi, Andrea I.
name: Spindler, Lennart R. B.
name: Menon, David K.
name: Stamatakis, Emmanuel A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience
neural inertia
sleep inertia
anaesthesia
orexin
noradrenaline
anticorrelations
aging

description: “Neural inertia” is the brain’s tendency to resist changes in its arousal state: it is manifested as emergence from anaesthesia occurring at lower drug doses than those required for anaesthetic induction, a phenomenon observed across very different species, from invertebrates to mammals. However, the brain is also subject to another form of inertia, familiar to most people: sleep inertia, the feeling of grogginess, confusion and impaired performance that typically follows awakening. Here, we propose a novel account of neural inertia, as the result of sleep inertia taking place after the artificial sleep induced by anaesthetics. We argue that the orexinergic and noradrenergic systems may be key mechanisms for the control of these transition states, with the orexinergic system exerting a stabilising effect through the noradrenergic system. This effect may be reflected at the macroscale in terms of altered functional anticorrelations between default mode and executive control networks of the human brain. The hypothesised link between neural inertia and sleep inertia could explain why different anaesthetic drugs induce different levels of neural inertia, and why elderly individuals and narcoleptic patients are more susceptible to neural inertia. This novel hypothesis also enables us to generate several empirically testable predictions at both the behavioural and neural levels, with potential implications for clinical practice.
Additional file 1 of Intranasal budesonide for rhinitis during a high airborne pollution period: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Zhang, Yuan
name: Shan, Chunguang
name: Liu, Weiwei
name: Han, Yaozhong
name: Shi, Guanggang
name: Ma, Yongjian
name: Wagner, Kerstin
name: Tian, Xiaoyan
name: Zhang, Lili
name: Larona, Allan Joseph
name: Sacavage, Steven
name: Franklin, Kathleen
name: Wang, Chengshuo
name: Zhang, Luo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Physician-assessed global impression of change (PGIC) at FEA. Table S2. Subject ratings of user experience and perception of treatment benefits at FEA.
Multiscale Regional Formula Fertilization Considering Environment Information Incompleteness
Creators: name: ZHANG, Qianqian
name: LIANG, Yan
name: ZHANG, Qianqian
name: LIANG, Yan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Multiscale
subject: Region
subject: Formula fertilization
subject: Shanxi Province

description: Conventional formula fertilization tends to calculate regional rate of fertilizer application by means of analyzing spatial distribution of regional cultivated land productivity combined with experiment data. However, as environment information of cultivated land is incomplete due to limitation of traditional cultivated land management technology and data acquisition, uncertainty of rate of fertilizer makes it hard to define the interval of formula fertilization and support the regional fertilization task. With the technique of spatial analysis and multiscale uncertainty theory, conventional fertilization can be optimized. Four steps are involved to calculate regional formula fertilization interval based on conventional formula fertilization: (i) To simulate cultivated land productivity according to EGLSN Model, and make it crop target field; (ii) To determine rate of fertilizer according to target field to define cultivated land productivity fertilizer interval and mid-value; (iii) To define region fertilizer interval length and value of region varying with scales as environment information becomes complete gradually; (iv) To apply block fertilizer combined with conventional formula by soil testing. Multiscale optimizing formula fertilization system has been established by using the ArcEngine as a platform to integrate the methods, which is applied in Xinjiang County, Shanxi Province, in order to optimize the existing fertilization formula in study area. It showed that the optimized formula fertilization had more spatial details of productivity than the original one. And the new method is available to support formula fertilization in any region or the block with uncertain environment information. It is therefore concluded that the proposed method has the potential for popularity, which provides a multiscale, multiple-factor and standardized formula fertilization method.
Ranitomeya reticulata Boulenger 1884
Creators: name: Brown, Jason L.
name: Twomey, Evan
name: Amézquita, Adolfo
name: Souza, Moisés Barbosa De
name: Caldwell, Jana- Lee P.
name: Lötters, Stefan
name: May, Rudolf Von
name: Melo-Sampaio, Paulo Roberto
name: Mejía-Vargas, Daniel
name: Perez-Peña, Pedro
name: Pepper, Mark
name: Poelman, Erik H.
name: Sanchez-Rodriguez, Manuel
name: Summers, Kyle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Dendrobatidae
Ranitomeya
Ranitomeya reticulata

description: Ranitomeya reticulata species group
 Figs. 3, 4, 9, 15 – 18
 Tables 1, 4 – 6
 A monophyletic assemblage of six species: Ranitomeya reticulata Boulenger 1884 “1883” with its junior synonym R. ignea Melin 1941; R. fantastica Boulenger, 1884 “1883”; R. ventrimaculata Shreve 1935; R. uakarii Brown, Schulte & Summers 2006; R. summersi Brown, Twomey, Pepper & Sanchez-Rodriguez 2008 and R. benedicta Brown, Twomey, Pepper, & Sanchez-Rodriguez 2008.
 Definition and diagnosis. Medium to large adult SVL (17 – 21 mm); black dorsum; typically orange to red dorsal patterning; LTRF 2 (2)/3, oral disc emarginate; large intestine entirely pigmented; eggs dark; promiscuous mating system, male parental care; grayish tadpoles and embryos, females produce between 2 – 5 eggs per mating. Vocalizations consist of a series of very short buzz-like notes (0.1 – 0.5 sec in length) given in rapid succession (104 – 200 notes per minute) (Fig. 18).
description: Published as part of Brown, Jason L., Twomey, Evan, Amézquita, Adolfo, Souza, Moisés Barbosa De, Caldwell, Jana- Lee P., Lötters, Stefan, May, Rudolf Von, Melo-Sampaio, Paulo Roberto, Mejía-Vargas, Daniel, Perez-Peña, Pedro, Pepper, Mark, Poelman, Erik H., Sanchez-Rodriguez, Manuel & Summers, Kyle, 2011, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083, pp. 1-120 in Zootaxa 3083 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3083.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5244214
The Itô integral with respect to an infinite dimensional Lévy process: A series approach
Creators: name: Tappe, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H05, 60G51

description: We present an alternative construction of the infinite dimensional Itô integral with respect to a Hilbert space valued Lévy process. This approach is based on the well-known theory of real-valued stochastic integration, and the respective Itô integral is given by a series of Itô integrals with respect to standard Lévy processes. We also prove that this stochastic integral coincides with the Itô integral that has been developed in the literature.
description: 21 pages
MOESM1 of Enhanced uptake, high selective and microtubule disrupting activity of carbohydrate fused pyrano-pyranones derived from natural coumarins attributes to its anti-malarial potential
Creators: name: Gupta, Sonal
name: Juveria Khan
name: Kumari, Priti
name: Chintam Narayana
name: R. Ayana
name: Chakrabarti, Malabika
name: Sagar, Ram
name: Shailja Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Antimalarial Screening of compounds. Figure S1. Molecular structure of all the compounds (n =30) used in this study. Figure S2. Antimalarial effect of galactal fused pyrano-pyranone carbohybrid 12 in chloroquine resistant RKL 9 strain.
ACDC: Automated Cell Detection and Counting for Time-Lapse Fluorescence Microscopy
Creators: name: Rundo, Leonardo
name: Tangherloni, Andrea
name: Tyson, Darren R.
name: Betta, Riccardo
name: Militello, Carmelo
name: Spolaor, Simone
name: Nobile, Marco S.
name: Besozzi, Daniela
name: Lubbock, Alexander L. R.
name: Quaranta, Vito
name: Mauri, Giancarlo
name: Lopez, Carlos F.
name: Cazzaniga, Paolo
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: bioimage informatics
time-lapse microscopy
fluorescence imaging
cell counting
nuclei segmentation

description: Advances in microscopy imaging technologies have enabled the visualization of live-cell dynamic processes using time-lapse microscopy imaging. However, modern methods exhibit several limitations related to the training phases and to time constraints, hindering their application in the laboratory practice. In this work, we present a novel method, named Automated Cell Detection and Counting (ACDC), designed for activity detection of fluorescent labeled cell nuclei in time-lapse microscopy. ACDC overcomes the limitations of the literature methods, by first applying bilateral filtering on the original image to smooth the input cell images while preserving edge sharpness, and then by exploiting the watershed transform and morphological filtering. Moreover, ACDC represents a feasible solution for the laboratory practice, as it can leverage multi-core architectures in computer clusters to efficiently handle large-scale imaging datasets. Indeed, our Parent-Workers implementation of ACDC allows to obtain up to a 3.7× speed-up compared to the sequential counterpart. ACDC was tested on two distinct cell imaging datasets to assess its accuracy and effectiveness on images with different characteristics. We achieved an accurate cell-count and nuclei segmentation without relying on large-scale annotated datasets, a result confirmed by the average Dice Similarity Coefficients of 76.84 and 88.64 and the Pearson coefficients of 0.99 and 0.96, calculated against the manual cell counting, on the two tested datasets.
Analytical forms of wave function and form factors of deuteron
Creators: name: Zhaba, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the received coefficients of the analytical forms for deuteron wave function in coordinate representation in form r^(l+1)*exp(-A*r) for the modern realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials NijmI, NijmII, Nijm93, Reid93 and Argonne v18 are calculated charge GC(p), quadrupole GQ(p) and magnetic GM(p) deuteron form factors. An original dipole fit for proton and neutron isoscalar electric and magnetic form factors is used for calculations. Theoretical calculations of values of the deuteron form factor are compared with their experimental data of world collaborations (Bates, BLAST, Bonn, JLab, Mainz, Naval Research Lab, NIKHEF, Orsay, Saclay, SLAC, Stanford, VEPP3 and VEPP4) and reviews (Abbott, Boden, Garcon and Karpius). The change of the sign of form factors is in the pulse regions at 4.7-4.9 fm-1 for GC; at 12.8-14.7 fm-1 for GQ; at 6.3-8.1 and 11.4-12.2 fm-1 for GM. The theoretical values for the form factors GQ(0) and GM(0) were calculated at the boundary condition for the momentum at p2=0. Calculated positions of the zero for deuteron form factors are compared with values for other potential models. The peculiarities of parametrizations of deuteron form factors for theoretical approaches and fits of theoretical calculations to experimental values, which are described in the cited literature, are analyzed. Formulas for spherical and quadrupole form factors are writed, which are expressed in terms of the coefficients for the indicated deuteron wave function. At large values of momentum the asymptotics of the deuteron form factors are determined by the coefficients of the analytical forms for deuteron wave function, nucleon isoscalar form factors and the order of momentum in the denominator. The further use of deuteron form factors for obtaining polarization observables in processes involving deuteron as a projectile is discussed.
description: 12 pages, in Ukrainian, 3 figures, 4 tables
Azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive leptoproduction
Creators: name: Mulders, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out the role of intrinsic transverse momentum of partons in the study of azimuthal asymmetries in deep-inelastic 1-particle inclusive leptoproduction. Leading asymmetries often appear in combination with spin asymmetries. This leads not only to transverse momentum dependence in the parton distribution functions, but also to functions beyond the ones known from inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (DIS). We use Lorentz invariance and the QCD equations of motion to study the evolution of functions that appear at leading (zeroth) order in a 1/Q expansion in azimuthal asymmetries. This includes the evolution equation of the Collins fragmentation function. The moments of these functions are matrix elements of known twist two and twist three operators. We give the evolution in the large $N_c$ limit, restricted to the non-singlet case for the chiral-even functions.
description: 11 pages Latex; Talk at the Ringberg Workshop: New Trends in HERA Physics 2001 Ringberg Castle, Germany, Jun. 17- 22, 2001; reference corrected
MOESM3 of Reasons for nonuse of contraceptive methods by women with demand for contraception not satisfied: an assessment of low and middle-income countries using demographic and health surveys
Creators: name: LaĂ­Sa Moreira
name: Ewerling, Fernanda
name: Aluisio Barros
name: Silveira, Mariangela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3. Reason lack of knowledge according to stratifiers in women (15â 49â years old) with demand for contraception not satisfied.
Off-diagonal cumulants of net-charge, net-proton and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV from STAR
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Arghya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of conserved quantities such as net-baryon, net-charge, and net-strangeness numbers have generated considerable interest in the study of the thermodynamic properties of the hot and dense QCD matter. Theoretical calculations suggest that the off-diagonal cumulants of conserved charges along with the diagonal cumulants can help better constrain the freeze-out parameters and, therefore, help to map the QCD phase diagram. In this proceeding, we briefly outline the recent STAR measurements on the second-order off-diagonal cumulants of net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions from the RHIC BES-I program in the energy range of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV. The measured cumulant ratios are compared to the predictions from both thermal (HRG) and non-thermal (UrQMD) models.
description: Proceedings from the Critical Point and the Onset of Deconfinement, CPOD 2018, Corfu, Greece, Sept. 24-28, 2018
Scalable integration of nano-, and microfluidics with hybrid two-photon lithography
Creators: name: Vanderpoorten, Oliver
name: Peter, Quentin
name: Challa, Pavan K.
name: Keyser, Ulrich F.
name: Baumberg, Jeremy
name: Kaminski, Clemens F.
name: Knowles, Tuomas P. J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/639/925/927/351
/639/925/350/2251
article

description: Abstract: Nanofluidic devices have great potential for applications in areas ranging from renewable energy to human health. A crucial requirement for the successful operation of nanofluidic devices is the ability to interface them in a scalable manner with the outside world. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid two photon nanolithography approach interfaced with conventional mask whole-wafer UV-photolithography to generate master wafers for the fabrication of integrated micro and nanofluidic devices. Using this approach we demonstrate the fabrication of molds from SU-8 photoresist with nanofluidic features down to 230 nm lateral width and channel heights from micron to sub-100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the printing capabilities of the system and show the integration of nanofluidic channels into an existing microfluidic chip design. The functionality of the devices was demonstrated through super-resolution microscopy, allowing the observation of features below the diffraction limit of light produced using our approach. Single molecule localization of diffusing dye molecules verified the successful imprint of nanochannels and the spatial confinement of molecules to 200 nm across the nanochannel molded from the master wafer. This approach integrates readily with current microfluidic fabrication methods and allows the combination of microfluidic devices with locally two-photon-written nano-sized functionalities, enabling rapid nanofluidic device fabrication and enhancement of existing microfluidic device architectures with nanofluidic features.
Review and Prospect of Development Capability of New Generation Farmers
Creators: name: WANG, Shukun
name: CHEN, Shaojun
name: WANG, Shukun
name: CHEN, Shaojun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: New generation farmers
subject: Development capability
subject: Agricultural modernization
subject: Surplus labor
subject: Urban areas
subject: Rural areas

description: In the context of dual economic structure, there occurs shift of numerous rural surplus labors in China. As a special group lingering about in the edges of urban and rural areas, the new generation farmers become a hot spot of research. How to help them smoothly become successors of China's agricultural modernization construction is a focus of academic circles. Based on literature review, this paper analyzed connotation of development capability of new generation farmers from agricultural modernization, thinking ability construction, system and policy, and new farmers. Finally, it came up with prospect for development of new generation farmers.
CP-violating Higgs-gauge boson couplings in $Hν\barν$ production at three energy stages of CLIC
Creators: name: Karadeniz, O.
name: Senol, A.
name: Oyulmaz, K. Y.
name: Denizli, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological study of CP-violating dimension-six operators via the $e^+e^-\toν\barν H$ process is performed in a model-independent Standard Model effective field theory framework at all energy stages of CLIC using the updated baseline integrated luminosities. All signal and relevant background events are generated in MadGraph and passed through PYTHIA for parton showering and hadronization at parton level. Detector effects are considered via tuned CLIC detector cards in Delphes. Since we reconstruct the Higgs boson from a pair of b-jets, limits on CP-violating dimension-six couplings are obtained at three $b$-tagging working points: tight, medium and loose defined in the CLIC Delphes card for all three energy stages of CLIC. Our best 95 \% C.L. limits at the loose working point (90 \% b-tagging efficiency) on $\tilde c_{HW}$ and $\tilde c_{HB}$ are $[-7.0\times10^{-3};7.0\times10^{-3}]$ and $[-3.0\times10^{-2};3.0\times10^{-2}]$, respectively at the 3 TeV energy stage of CLIC with an integrated luminosity of 5.0 ab$^{-1}$. Considering a 0.3 \% systematic uncertainty from possible experimental sources worsens the limits on these couplings by a factor of two.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Review on Mobile Computing and its Implications in Healthcare and businesses
Creators: name: Chinta, Bharath Kumar Reddy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 111711 Health Information Systems (incl. Surveillance)
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 150302 Business Information Systems
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: 150301 Business Information Management (incl. Records, Knowledge and Information Management, and Intelligence)

description: Mobile computing has the capability of device control to form a trained model of machine learning. The devices use the network and relate to the wireless or wired networks which may be satellite, global, and cellular digital packet data (CDPA). The review of various studies found that Mobile Computing provides access to technology in the hands and accessibility to the information in various areas of utilization such as Health care, education, technologies, and disaster management. 
Exploring the Lived Experience of Dementia Friends Champions: Poetic Representation
Creators: name: Woods, Sandie
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Dementia Friends Champions, lived experience, phenomenology, research poetry

description: 1.1 Background
The Alzheimer’s Society UK launched the Dementia Friends initiative in 2013 aiming to change people’s perceptions of dementia and turn understanding into action to promote social inclusion and dementia friendly communities. Dementia friends champions are volunteers
delivering information sessions covering five key messages about dementia, through activities and discussion, and provide an opportunity to commit to a dementia-friendly action. There is limited research into
the experience of dementia friends champions.
1.2 Aim
To add to the current body of knowledge, the qualitative
phenomenological research into the lived experiences of dementia friends champions was undertaken with a view to influencing and informing the existing and future provision.
1.3 Method
A qualitative phenomenological methodology (interpretative phenomenological analysis) was implemented from a social constructionist epistemology. Semi structured interviews were undertaken with eleven dementia friends champions, from London and the South East, to explore their experiences and insights from
undertaking the role. The interviews were transcribed and analysed, and four themes were developed. Poetry was produced by the researcher from the transcripts and insights from the research with the aim of disseminating to a broader audience in an engaging and accessible way.
1.4 Findings
Four themes were developed from the research included being a dementia friends champion, knowledge and understanding in communities, experiences and insights and dementia friendly communities. Champions felt proud to be volunteers and experienced a sense of belonging to a bigger movement. They used a wide range of skills and knowledge in the role that did not reflect the training they received. They experienced limited knowledge of dementia from people attending sessions, but the feedback received showed changes in attitudes, understanding and action. They encountered a fear of a
dementia, distress and unmet needs and the role was emotionally demanding. Some champions were challenged by the key message that you can live well with dementia which did not reflect their own experiences or the people they met. Hearing from people living with
dementia had a positive impact on champions and people attending dementia friends sessions. The need to reach younger people and future generations was highlighted to change the dementia landscape.
They gained new understandings and were changed by their
experiences 
1.5 Discussion and conclusion
The research provided new knowledge into the experiences of champions from an individual and community perspective, including unmet needs. The research is presented in an academic format and research poetry to reach a broader audience, promote discussion,
reflection, and understanding of dementia and the experience of being a champion.
A multifractal boundary spectrum for SLE κ ( ρ )
Creators: name: Schoug, Lukas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Primary 60J67
Secondary 60D05

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: We study SLEκ(ρ) curves, with κ and ρ chosen so that the curves hit the boundary. More precisely, we study the sets on which the curves collide with the boundary at a prescribed “angle” and determine the almost sure Hausdorff dimensions of these sets. This is done by studying the moments of the spatial derivatives of the conformal maps gt, by employing the Girsanov theorem and using imaginary geometry techniques to derive a correlation estimate.
Body weight at 10 years of age and change in body composition between 8 and 10 years of age were related to survival in a longitudinal study of 39 Labrador retriever dogs
Creators: name: Penell, Johanna Christina
name: Morgan, David Mark
name: Watson, Penny
name: Carmichael, Stuart
name: Adams, Vicki Jean
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research
Cohort
Dogs
Cox
DEXA
Fat mass
Lean mass
Lean to fat ratio
Longevity
Healthspan
Sarcopenia

description: Abstract: Background: Overweight and obesity have been adversely associated with longevity in dogs but there is scarce knowledge on the relation between body composition and lifespan. We aimed to investigate the effects of body composition, and within-dog changes over time, on survival in adult Labradors using a prospective cohort study design. The dogs had a median age of 6.5 years at study start and were kept in similar housing and management conditions throughout. The effects of the various predictors, including the effect of individual monthly-recorded change in body weight as a time varying covariate, were evaluated using survival analysis. Results: All dogs were followed to end-of-life; median age at end-of-life was 14.0 years. Body composition was measured annually with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometer (DEXA) scans between 6.2 and 17.0 years. All 39 dogs had DEXA recorded at 8, 9 and 10 years of age. During the study the mean (± SD) percent of fat (PF) and lean mass (PL) was 32.8 (± 5.6) and 64.2 (± 5.5) %, respectively, with a mean lean:fat ratio (LFR) of 2.1 (± 0.6); body weight (BW) varied from 17.5 to 44.0 kg with a mean BW change of 9.9 kg (± 3.0). There was increased hazard of dying for every kg increase in BW at 10 years of age; for each additional kg of BW at 10 years, dogs had a 19% higher hazard (HR = 1.19, P = 0.004). For the change in both lean mass (LM) and LFR variables, it was protective to have a higher lean and/or lower fat mass (FM) at 10 years of age compared to 8 years of age, although the HR for change in LM was very close to 1.0. For age at study start, older dogs had an increased hazard. There was no observed effect for the potential confounders sex, coat colour and height at shoulders, or of the time-varying covariate. Conclusions: These results suggest that even rather late-life control efforts on body weight and the relationship between lean and fat mass may influence survival in dogs. Such “windows of opportunity” can be used to develop healthcare strategies that would help promote an increased healthspan in dogs.
Non-universal corrections to the tension ratios in softly broken N=2 SU(N) gauge theory
Creators: name: Auzzi, Roberto
name: Konishi, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculation by Douglas and Shenker of the tension ratios for vortices of different N-alities in the softly broken N=2 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory, is carried to the second order in the adjoint multiplet mass m. Corrections to the ratios violating the well-known sine formula are found, showing that it is not a universal quantity.
description: 10 pages, no figures
On Income Distribution Mechanism of Farmer Cooperatives in the Context of Membership Heterogeneity
Creators: name: KONG, Xiangzhi
name: LOU, Dong
name: FANG, Chanjuan
name: KONG, Xiangzhi
name: LOU, Dong
name: FANG, Chanjuan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farmer cooperatives
subject: Membership heterogeneity
subject: Income distribution
subject: Social conventions

description: With reference to several possible solutions to the issue of two subject allocation, using the Accumulation Point analysis method in Game Theory, this paper analyzed the income distribution mechanism between large farmers and small farmers in farmer cooperatives in the context of membership heterogeneity. It found that, in the practice of the income distribution in farmer cooperatives, there possibly exists equalization solution, pure utility solution, Nash solution and Kalai-Smorodinsky solution and it will be affected by social conventions. Finally, it made an empirical analysis using five cases of farmer cooperatives.
Controlling an Autonomous Vehicle with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Folkers, Andreas
name: Rick, Matthias
name: Büskens, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a control approach for autonomous vehicles based on deep reinforcement learning. A neural network agent is trained to map its estimated state to acceleration and steering commands given the objective of reaching a specific target state while considering detected obstacles. Learning is performed using state-of-the-art proximal policy optimization in combination with a simulated environment. Training from scratch takes five to nine hours. The resulting agent is evaluated within simulation and subsequently applied to control a full-size research vehicle. For this, the autonomous exploration of a parking lot is considered, including turning maneuvers and obstacle avoidance. Altogether, this work is among the first examples to successfully apply deep reinforcement learning to a real vehicle.
description: Award as Best Student Paper at IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), 2019