cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Case Comment: Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 133 S. Ct. 2552 (2013)
Creators: name: Akpan, Anietie Maureen-Ann
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: This Comment discusses the 2013 United States Supreme Court case of Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, which involved an unwed Cherokee father’s (Petitioner) journey to regaining custody of his child, after erroneously granting consent of the child’s adoption to a non-Indian couple. This Comment further discusses the issues that arise within transracial adoptions, including “cultural authenticity” of adoptive parents and the significance of providing cultural outlets for a transracial adopted child. This Comment will also address the lack of constitutional protection for unwed fathers in family cases, specifically the “sub-class” of unwed fathers to which the Petitioner belongs. Generally, this Comment examines the intersectionality of race relations, racial identity and how society has become socialized to view fathers against mothers.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Quantization of Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Arrighi, Pablo
name: Nesme, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Take a cellular automaton, consider that each configuration is a basis vector in some vector space, and linearize the global evolution function. If lucky, the r esult could actually make sense physically, as a valid quantum evolution; but do es it make sense as a quantum cellular automaton? That is the main question we a ddress in this paper. In every model with discrete time and space, two things ar e required in order to qualify as a cellular automaton: invariance by translatio n and locality. We prove that this locality condition is so restrictive in the q uantum case that every quantum cellular automaton constructed in this way - i. e., by linearization of a classical one - must be reversible. We also discuss some subtleties about the extent of nonlocality that can be encountered in the o ne-dimensional case; we show that, even when the quantized version is non local, still, under some conditions, we may be unable to use this nonlocality to trans mit information nonlocally.
description: 12 pages
Comparing Hysteresis Comparator and RMS Threshold Methods for Automatic Single Cough Segmentations
Creators: name: Atmaja, Bagus Tris
name: Zanjabila
name: Suyanto
name: Sasou, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Research on diagnosing diseases based on voice signals currently are rapidly increasing, including cough-related diseases. When training the cough sound signals into deep learning models, it is necessary to have a standard input by segmenting several cough signals into individual cough signals. Previous research has been developed to segment cough signals from non-cough signals. This research evaluates the segmentation methods of several cough signals from a single audio file into several single-cough signals. We evaluate three different methods employing manual segmentation as a baseline and automatic segmentation. The results by two automatic segmentation methods obtained precisions of 73% and 70% compared to 49% by manual segmentation. The agreements of listening tests to count the number of correct single-cough segmentations show fair and moderate correlations for automatic segmentation methods and are comparable with manual segmentation.
description: 3 figure,s 3 tables, accepted in IJIT
Singular Liouville fields and spiky strings in $\rr^{1,2}$ and $SL(2,\rr)$
Creators: name: Jorjadze, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The closed string dynamics in $\rr^{1,2}$ and $SL(2,\rr)$ is studied within the scheme of Pohlmeyer reduction. In both spaces two different classes of string surfaces are specified by the structure of the fundamental quadratic forms. The first class in $\rr^{1,2}$ is associated with the standard lightcone gauge strings and the second class describes spiky strings and their conformal deformations on the Virasoro coadjoint orbits. These orbits correspond to singular Liouville fields with the monodromy matrixes $\pm I$. The first class in $SL(2,\rr)$ is parameterized by the Liouville fields with vanishing chiral energy functional. Similarly to $\rr^{1,2}$, the second class in $SL(2,\rr)$ describes spiky strings, related to the vacuum configurations of the $SL(2,\rr)/U(1)$ coset model.
description: 37 p. 6 fig
Mapping the most energetic cosmic rays
Creators: name: Hillas, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlation between the directions of optically-detected AGNs within 75 Mpc and the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 57 EeV detected by the Auger collaboration up to August 2007 is examined using uniform-exposure plots and a form of right ascension resonance which does not require choice of an association window radius. Using the latter, the chance of accidental correlation is found to be well below 1 in 10^5 even without using 3.2 degree windows; the correlation with FRI-like radio galaxies within 75 Mpc, listed by Nagar & Matulich (which are in AGN clusters), is separately just as significant; and a correlation can also be found in other data at a lower energy. Cen A is currently inactive at this energy, as more distant radio galaxies are so prominent. The efficacy of a 57 EeV cut to select this revelatory (proton) sample of the Auger data may be almost accidental and not robust. The cosmic rays in the Auger sample seem to be scattered by ~3-4 degrees en route, from about 50 Mpc, and in one relatively well probed sky region there may be a 4 degree systematic deflection in a Bz component of the magnetic field in the galactic halo. The sources appear to be mostly within 120 Mpc. This is compatible with a GZK survival horizon, but only if (a) the Auger energies are underestimated by ~25% and (b) the sudden fall in the energy spectrum is not simply a GZK effect but essentially reflects an energy cut-off in the sources.
description: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics; 27 pages, 13 figures (20 panels)
Transport and interaction blockade of cold bosonic atoms in a triple-well potential
Creators: name: Schlagheck, P.
name: Malet, F.
name: Cremon, J. C.
name: Reimann, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the transport properties of cold bosonic atoms in a quasi one-dimensional triple-well potential that consists of two large outer wells, which act as microscopic source and drain reservoirs, and a small inner well, which represents a quantum-dot-like scattering region. Bias and gate "voltages" introduce a time-dependent tilt of the triple-well configuration, and are used to shift the energetic level of the inner well with respect to the outer ones. By means of exact diagonalization considering a total number of six atoms in the triple-well potential, we find diamond-like structures for the occurrence of single-atom transport in the parameter space spanned by the bias and gate voltages. We discuss the analogy with Coulomb blockade in electronic quantum dots, and point out how one can infer the interaction energy in the central well from the distance between the diamonds.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
A Seat at the Table: Changing the Governing Structure of Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program Administration to Reflect Civil Rights Values and Fair Housing
Creators: name: Smith, Raquel
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: The Low Income Housing Tax Credit (“LIHTC”) program is the largest existing program for the development of low-income affordable rental housing in the country. The program is administered by the United States Department of Treasury and the Office of Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), federal agencies by statute that have regulatory and supervisory authority over financial institutions. However, while 42 U.S.C. § 3608(d) provides that federal agencies that have regulatory authority over financial institutions need to administer their programs in a manner that affirmatively furthers fair housing, part of Treasury’s policies under the LIHTC statute gives preference for affordable housing projects being developed in areas that are already predominantly minority and contain concentrated poverty. Neither the Treasury nor the OCC have any regulations, guidance, reports, or audits that further fair housing by enforcing federal nondiscrimination policies or their legal duty to overcome patterns of racial segregation in housing. This Note argues that Treasury and OCC should take a larger role in affirmatively furthering fair housing under the Fair Housing Act by reforming their governing structure and polices to reflect civil rights values. Specifically, the Treasury should explicitly acknowledge the authority Title VI and the Fair Housing Act in their policies and regulations, establish a centralized, federal governing body to assure state housing finance agencies are in compliance with civil rights laws, and require state housing finance agencies (“HFA”) to establish governing bodies that are inclusive of the communities they serve.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Chrysosporium ovalisporum Z. Li, Y. W. Zhang, W. H. Chen & Y. F. Han 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Li, Zhong
name: Zhang, Yan-Wei
name: Chen, Wan-Hao
name: Han, Yan-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Eurotiomycetes
Onygenales
Onygenaceae
Chrysosporium
Chrysosporium ovalisporum

description: Chrysosporium ovalisporum Z. Li, Y.W. Zhang, W.H. Chen & Y.F. Han sp. nov. (Fig. 3) MycoBank No.: MB 819481, GenBank: KY350787, KY350788 Type: — CHINA. Fujian Province: Fuzhou City, 26°08´N, 119°28´E, GZUIFR-G446 (dried culture) isolated from soils of the zoo park. Colonies on PDA attaining 28 mm in 14 d at 25 °C, white to yellowish, powdery, flat, margin irregular; reverse brown. Hyphae hyaline, septate, smooth, 2.5–3.5 μm wide. Racquet hyphae absent. Terminal and lateral conidia on long or short stalk perpendicular to hyphae, solitary, hyaline, smooth, single-celled, occasionally 2-celled, long obovate to clavate, few cylindrical, 5–15 × 2.5–7 µm (x = 6.5 × 4.6, n = 60), basal scars 0.8–2.5 µm wide. Intercalary conidia and chlamydospores absent. Etymology:— ovalisporum (Latin), referring the conidia that are long obovate. Material examined: — The ex-type G446.1 and ex-isotype G446.2 isolated from the soils of the zoo park in November 2014 by Y.F. Han. The ex-type G446.1 culture was dried to form the type GZUIFR-G446. They were deposited in the Institute of Fungus Resource, Guizhou University (GZAC). Distribution: —Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China.
description: Published as part of Li, Zhong, Zhang, Yan-Wei, Chen, Wan-Hao & Han, Yan-Feng, 2019, Morphological traits and molecular analysis for two new Chrysosporium species from Fujian Province, China, pp. 257-264 in Phytotaxa 400 (5) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.400.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5585724
Causal boundaries and holography on wave type spacetimes
Creators: name: Sánchez, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C50, 83E30, 83C35, 81T30

description: The notion of a causal boundary for a spacetime has been a controversial topic during the last three decades. Moreover, recently the role of the boundary in the AdS/CFT correspondence for plane waves, have stimulated its redefinition with some possible alternatives. Our aim is threefold. First, to review the different classical approaches to boundaries of spacetimes, emphasizing their drawbacks and the progressive redefinitions of the c-boundary. Second, to explain how plane waves and AdS/CFT correspondence come into play, stressing the role of the c-boundary as the holographic boundary in this correspondence. And, third, to discuss the present-day status of the c-boundary, making clear the arguments of a definitive proposal.
description: Minor corrections and improvements in some figures. To appear un Nonlinear Analysis (2009) 35 pages, including 10 figures and one table; Latex
title: Design and analysis of off-grid solar system for DC load of a house in Pakistan
Creators: name: Muzaffar, Chaudhry Bilal
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Solar energy is the cleanest and most developed form of renewable energy. In order to be completely independent of the grid source we need to have off grid solar system. This thesis presents a model in which we have designed an off-grid DC solar system using homer pro. We have used 8 batteries, 36 PV modules to make a DC system that would be sufficient enough to provide the requirement of home with load of 7.81 kWh/day. We then designed two further systems with DC generator, PV and Battery bank. The Homer pro results for each case are elaborated in the thesis. Steady state as well as dynamic system modelling is included which are done on the MATLAB. We have designed MPPT(maximum power point tracker is an electronic DC to DC converter that optimizes the match between the solar array (PV panels), and the battery bank or utility grid) for capturing maximum power. Along with design and modelling, the safety measures are also given. The safety device, working principle and the method to use them is also discussed in the thesis. Presented results will help further in the design of small scaled off grid solar systems that would be sufficient to provide the electricity in the remote area and on the small scale. This research also will help in designing the solar system for the DC load.
Diffusive wavelets on groups and homogeneous spaces
Creators: name: Ebert, Svend
name: Wirth, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C40, 43A77, 43A85

description: The aim of this exposition is to explain basic ideas behind the concept of diffusive wavelets on spheres in the language of representation theory of Lie groups and within the framework of the group Fourier transform given by Peter-Weyl decomposition of $L^2(G)$ for a compact Lie group $G$. After developing a general concept for compact groups and their homogeneous spaces we give concrete examples for tori -which reflect the situation on $R^n$- and for spheres $S^2$ and $S^3$.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures
Dismantling Discrimination in the Stairways and Halls of NYCHA Using Local, State, and National Civil Rights Statutes
Creators: name: Obanor, Dorielle E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: This Note explores various national and New York civil rights statutes that may be used to combat abusive police tactics in New York City Housing Authority (“NYCHA”) buildings. This Note begins by providing a backdrop on how NYCHA buildings are policed in New York City and a description on how vertical patrols are conducted in NYCHA buildings. Additionally, this Note will trace the origin of police presence in NYCHA buildings. In the course of providing an overview of policing in NYCHA buildings, the Note will examine some of the legal challenges that have been made to challenge vertical patrols and aggressive police tactics in New York City. Ultimately, this Note will propose that in challenging the New York Police Department’s (“NYPD”) vertical patrols and policing in NYCHA buildings, residents should look to § 3617 of the Fair Housing Act and New York State and City Human Rights Laws.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
On the consistent interactions in D=11 among a graviton, a massless gravitino and a three-form
Creators: name: Cioroianu, E. M.
name: Diaconu, E.
name: Sararu, S. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The couplings that can be introduced between a massless Rarita-Schwinger field, a Pauli-Fierz field and an Abelian three-form gauge field in eleven spacetime dimensions are analyzed in the context of the deformation of the solution of the master equation.
description: 9 pages, Contribution to the proceedings of the 4th Workshop RTN "ForcesUniverse" Varna, September 11-17, 2008
Non-volatile resistive switching behavior in two-dimensional monolayer materials
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaohan
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: 2D materials
Resistive switching

description: Two-dimensional (2D) materials have drawn much attention in the last two decades and have been investigated as an emerging material system in a wide range of applications. Recently, various 2D materials have been reported to exhibit non-volatile resistive switching (NVRS) phenomenon. However, it was not believed to be accessible in monolayer atomic sheets due to excessive leakage current. This dissertation presents the first discovery of resistive switching behavior in 2D monolayer materials in a vertical metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure with systematic research in electrical characteristics, switching mechanisms, performance improvements, and potential applications. Chapter 2 discusses NVRS in monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) and three other transition metal dichalcogenides, featuring low switching voltages, large on/off ratio, fast switching speed, and forming-free characteristics. The electrical performance, including retention, endurance and variability, and applications in flexible non-volatile memory and radio-frequency (RF) switch are investigated. In Chapter 3, the resistive switching phenomenon in the representative 2D insulator, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), is studied, which sets the record of the thinnest NVRS material to ~0.3 nm. In Chapter 4, the collection of 2D atomic sheets showing NVRS is further expanded to a dozen materials, indicating its potential universality in ultrathin non-metallic 2D materials. A Dissociation-Diffusion-Adsorption (DDA) model has been proposed to describe the common mechanism behind bipolar NVRS in 2D crystalline monolayers with both experimental support by scanning tunneling microscope (STM) measurements and theoretical support by first-principle calculations. In Chapter 5, a current-sweep method and a constant electric stress method are applied on the 2D-based memory devices to provide more insights into the switching mechanism. Multiple resistance states can be achieved in 2D memory devices, which enables the applications in multi-bit storage and neuromorphic computing. In Chapter 6, defect engineering through electron irradiation treatment has been performed on monolayer MoS₂, showing a significant improvement on yield and endurance of the fabricated devices, which is attributed to the induced sulfur vacancies that promote the formation of “conductive points”.
Phantom-Like Behavior in $f(R)$-Gravity
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Azizi, Tahereh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate possible realization of the phantom-like behavior in the framework of $f(R)$-gravity models where there are no phantom fields in the matter sector of the theory. By adopting some observationally reliable ansatz for $f(R)$, we show that it is possible to realize phantom-like behavior in $f(R)$-gravity without introduction of phantom fields that suffer from instabilities and violation of the null energy condition. Depending on the choice of $f(R)$, the null energy condition is fulfilled in some subspaces of each model parameter space.
description: 14 pages, Revised Version, To appear in PLB
Digital Discovery of 100 diverse Quantum Experiments with PyTheus
Creators: name: Ruiz-Gonzalez, Carlos
name: Arlt, Sören
name: Petermann, Jan
name: Sayyad, Sharareh
name: Jaouni, Tareq
name: Karimi, Ebrahim
name: Tischler, Nora
name: Gu, Xuemei
name: Krenn, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photons are the physical system of choice for performing experimental tests of the foundations of quantum mechanics. Furthermore, photonic quantum technology is a main player in the second quantum revolution, promising the development of better sensors, secure communications, and quantum-enhanced computation. These endeavors require generating specific quantum states or efficiently performing quantum tasks. The design of the corresponding optical experiments was historically powered by human creativity but is recently being automated with advanced computer algorithms and artificial intelligence. While several computer-designed experiments have been experimentally realized, this approach has not yet been widely adopted by the broader photonic quantum optics community. The main roadblocks consist of most systems being closed-source, inefficient, or targeted to very specific use-cases that are difficult to generalize. Here, we overcome these problems with a highly-efficient, open-source digital discovery framework PyTheus, which can employ a wide range of experimental devices from modern quantum labs to solve various tasks. This includes the discovery of highly entangled quantum states, quantum measurement schemes, quantum communication protocols, multi-particle quantum gates, as well as the optimization of continuous and discrete properties of quantum experiments or quantum states. PyTheus produces interpretable designs for complex experimental problems which human researchers can often readily conceptualize. PyTheus is an example of a powerful framework that can lead to scientific discoveries -- one of the core goals of artificial intelligence in science. We hope it will help accelerate the development of quantum optics and provide new ideas in quantum hardware and technology.
description: 44 pages, 62 figures, comments welcome!
Testing contextuality on quantum ensembles with one clean qubit
Creators: name: Moussa, O.
name: Ryan, C. A.
name: Cory, D. G.
name: Laflamme, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a protocol to evaluate the expectation value of the correlations of measurement outcomes for ensembles of quantum systems, and use it to experimentally demonstrate--under an assumption of fair sampling--the violation of an inequality that is satisfied by any non-contextual hidden-variables (NCHV) theory. The experiment is performed on an ensemble of molecular nuclear spins in the solid state, using established Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques for quantum information processing (QIP).
Electronical supplementary, figure S1 from Vocal repertoire, micro-geographical variation and within-species acoustic partitioning in a highly colonial pinniped, the Cape fur seal
Creators: name: Martin, Mathilde
name: Gridley, Tess
name: Harvey Elwen, Simon
name: Charrier, Isabelle
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: figure S1: Map showing the location of the two study sites Cape Cross and Pelican Point and photography of the two breeding colonies.
The Power of the Body: Analyzing the Logic of Law and Social Change in the Arab Spring
Creators: name: Jallad, Zeina
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: Under conditions of extreme social and political injustice—when human rights are most threatened—rational arguments rooted in the language of human rights are often unlikely to spur reform or to ensure government adherence to citizens’ rights. When those entrusted with securing human dignity, rights, and freedoms fail to do so, and when other actors—such as human rights activists, international institutions, and social movements—fail to engage the levers of power to eliminate injustice, then oppressed and even quotidian actors may resort to non-traditional tactics of resistance. One example of these radical modes is the use of the corporeal body as a means of protest. The use of the human body to make political argument may catalyze legal, social, and cultural change where rational arguments fail. This Article examines the power of the human body in spurring political and legal action. It analyzes the 2010 self-immolation of Tarek Mohammad Bouazizi in Tunisia, which sparked an unprecedented wave of protests across Arab countries, leading to what came to be known as the “Arab Spring.” It suggests that when human rights-based arguments are exhausted, space is created for alternative strategies of resistance. Mobilized and deployed as tools of resistance, human bodies become the argument.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
A Milnor-Moore Type Theorem for Primitively Generated Braided Bialgebras
Creators: name: Ardizzoni, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30, 16S30

description: A braided bialgebra is called primitively generated if it is generated as an algebra by its space of primitive elements. We prove that any primitively generated braided bialgebra is isomorphic to the universal enveloping algebra of its infinitesimal braided Lie algebra, notions hereby introduced. This result can be regarded as a Milnor-Moore type theorem for primitively generated braided bialgebras and leads to the introduction of a concept of braided Lie algebra for an arbitrary braided vector space.
Realization of a fractional quantum Hall state with ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Léonard, Julian
name: Kim, Sooshin
name: Kwan, Joyce
name: Segura, Perrin
name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Repellin, Cécile
name: Goldman, Nathan
name: Greiner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly interacting topological matter exhibits fundamentally new phenomena with potential applications in quantum information technology. Emblematic instances are fractional quantum Hall states, where the interplay of magnetic fields and strong interactions gives rise to fractionally charged quasi-particles, long-ranged entanglement, and anyonic exchange statistics. Progress in engineering synthetic magnetic fields has raised the hope to create these exotic states in controlled quantum systems. However, except for a recent Laughlin state of light, preparing fractional quantum Hall states in engineered systems remains elusive. Here, we realize a fractional quantum Hall (FQH) state with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. The state is a lattice version of a bosonic $ν=1/2$ Laughlin state with two particles on sixteen sites. This minimal system already captures many hallmark features of Laughlin-type FQH states: we observe a suppression of two-body interactions, we find a distinctive vortex structure in the density correlations, and we measure a fractional Hall conductivity of $σ_\text{H}/σ_0= 0.6(2)$ via the bulk response to a magnetic perturbation. Furthermore, by tuning the magnetic field we map out the transition point between the normal and the FQH regime through a spectroscopic probe of the many-body gap. Our work provides a starting point for exploring highly entangled topological matter with ultracold atoms.
Bayesian Optimization with Conformal Prediction Sets
Creators: name: Stanton, Samuel
name: Maddox, Wesley
name: Wilson, Andrew Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian optimization is a coherent, ubiquitous approach to decision-making under uncertainty, with applications including multi-arm bandits, active learning, and black-box optimization. Bayesian optimization selects decisions (i.e. objective function queries) with maximal expected utility with respect to the posterior distribution of a Bayesian model, which quantifies reducible, epistemic uncertainty about query outcomes. In practice, subjectively implausible outcomes can occur regularly for two reasons: 1) model misspecification and 2) covariate shift. Conformal prediction is an uncertainty quantification method with coverage guarantees even for misspecified models and a simple mechanism to correct for covariate shift. We propose conformal Bayesian optimization, which directs queries towards regions of search space where the model predictions have guaranteed validity, and investigate its behavior on a suite of black-box optimization tasks and tabular ranking tasks. In many cases we find that query coverage can be significantly improved without harming sample-efficiency.
description: For code, see https://www.github.com/samuelstanton/conformal-bayesopt.git
Religious Exemptions to Neutral Laws of General Applicability and the Theory of Disparate Impact Discrimination
Creators: name: DeLise, James M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: This Article argues that the theory undergirding religious exemptions to neutral laws of general applicability represents a viable theoretical and legal justification for race-based disparate-impact policies such as Title VII. Though not always expressly stated as such, one can best understand the theory underpinning the exemptions approach to religious free exercise as a paradigm of disparate impact discrimination. Similar to disparate-impact discrimination in the context of race and employment policy, the statutory level serves as the domain of execution for religious-based models of disparate impact. Just as Washington v. Davis relegated remedies for race-based disparate impact in employment to the statutory level, the Court’s ruling in Employment Division v. Smithserved the same function in the context of religion. However, in sharp contrast to Title VII and the paradigm of race-based disparate impact in the context of employment, the Supreme Court has not evinced hostility toward disparate-impact legislation in the context of religious free exercise; it has not found a tension between the positive right to be judged as an individual and the tendency of Congress and other legislative bodies to engage in explicitly religious-conscious decision-making. Constitutionally speaking, there is no tenable method of differentiating between race-conscious and religious-conscious decision-making. Because there is no legitimate method of constitutional differentiation here, and because the Court has not interpreted the legal-theoretical model of religious exemptions as offending the Equal Protection Clause, this Article posits that the theory undergirding religious exemptions to neutral laws of general applicability represents a viable theoretical and legal justification for race-based disparate-impact policies such as Title VII.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
A Flexible-Frame-Rate Vision-Aided Inertial Object Tracking System for Mobile Devices
Creators: name: Lau, Yo-Chung
name: Tseng, Kuan-Wei
name: Hsieh, I-Ju
name: Tseng, Hsiao-Ching
name: Hung, Yi-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-time object pose estimation and tracking is challenging but essential for emerging augmented reality (AR) applications. In general, state-of-the-art methods address this problem using deep neural networks which indeed yield satisfactory results. Nevertheless, the high computational cost of these methods makes them unsuitable for mobile devices where real-world applications usually take place. In addition, head-mounted displays such as AR glasses require at least 90~FPS to avoid motion sickness, which further complicates the problem. We propose a flexible-frame-rate object pose estimation and tracking system for mobile devices. It is a monocular visual-inertial-based system with a client-server architecture. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) pose propagation is performed on the client side for high speed tracking, and RGB image-based 3D pose estimation is performed on the server side to obtain accurate poses, after which the pose is sent to the client side for visual-inertial fusion, where we propose a bias self-correction mechanism to reduce drift. We also propose a pose inspection algorithm to detect tracking failures and incorrect pose estimation. Connected by high-speed networking, our system supports flexible frame rates up to 120 FPS and guarantees high precision and real-time tracking on low-end devices. Both simulations and real world experiments show that our method achieves accurate and robust object tracking.
Asymptotic Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems and Modular Theory
Creators: name: Amato, Daniele
name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Konderak, Arturo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Article, several aspects of the asymptotic dynamics of finite-dimensional open quantum systems are explored. First, after recalling a structure theorem for the peripheral map, we discuss sufficient conditions and a characterization for its unitarity. Interestingly, this is not always guaranteed due to the presence of permutations in the structure of the asymptotic map. Then, we show the connection between the asymptotic map and the modular theory by Tomita and Takesaki.
description: 13 pages
Efficient implementation of a van der Waals density functional: Application to double-wall carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Roman-Perez, Guillermo
name: Soler, Jose M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient implementation of the van der Waals density functional of Dion et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004)], which expresses the nonlocal correlation energy as a double spacial integral. We factorize the integration kernel and use fast Fourier transforms to evaluate the selfconsistent potential, total energy, and atomic forces, in N log(N) operations. The resulting overhead in total computational cost, over semilocal functionals, is very moderate for medium and large systems. We apply the method to calculate the binding energies and the barriers for relative translation and rotation in double-wall carbon nanotubes.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Influence of gingival retraction on the accuracy of an intraoral scanner for subgingival finish lines
Creators: name: Al Assadi, Faisal
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of horizontal gingival displacement on the accuracy of an intraoral scanner (IOS) with 0.5 and 1mm subgingival finish lines. Materials and Methods: A 3D printed resin dental model was fabricated with a removable milled zirconia die of tooth #46 full crown preparation and 3D printed resin gingiva. A supragingival control group, and six test groups were designed and fabricated with varying horizontal gingival displacement (0.12mm, 0.25mm 0.45mm) each with subgingival finish line positions of 0.5mm (groups 1 to 3, respectively) and 1mm (groups 4 to 6, respectively). The Trios3 (3Shape) IOS was used to scan 18 samples per group and the scans were superimposed with a reference scan of the die without the gingiva. Absolute marginal discrepancies (AMD) between test and reference scans were measured at 8 fixed points around the prep, and at the largest marginal discrepancy (LMD) site. The one-way ANOVA test measured statistical differences between the groups, and the Games-Howell test compared each pair of groups. Results: The highest mean AMDs at fixed sites were on the distolingual surface for all study groups including the control group (p<0.001), but with inconsistent statistical differences between groups. Group 5 showed the highest mean AMD of 0.203mm followed by Group 4 at 0.194mm, while the control group showed 0.054mm, which was well below a clinically acceptable crown margin gap of 100μm. Mean LMDs were highest in Groups 1 and 4 (0.12mm displacement) with 0.913 and 1.130mm respectively, whereas the lowest values were in group 3 and 6 (0.45mm displacement) with 0.162 and 0.113mm, which were still higher than the control 0.065mm. Differences in LMDs between groups were all statistically significant (p<0.001) except between Groups 2 and 5, and Groups 3 and 6. Conclusion: Within the study limitations, the accuracy of an IOS is significantly reduced when capturing subgingival finish lines. Moreover, the amount of horizontal gingival displacement was shown to have a significant effect in improving the accuracy of digital impressions. A minimum horizontal gingival displacement of 0.25mm should be achieved by gingival retraction techniques to improve scanning quality.
Race, Death, and Justice: Capital Sentencing in Washington State, 1981-2014
Creators: name: Beckett, Katherine
name: Evans, Heather
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: This Article examines the role of race in the application of the death penalty in the wake of the Furman v. Georgia decision. Although contemporary death penalty statutes were designed to reduce arbitrariness and discrimination in capital sentencing, many studies indicate that race continues to play a significant role in determining which capital defendants live and which die in the post-Furman era. To date, however, no published study has examined the role of race in capital sentencing in Washington State, where the statutory framework effectively reduces the number of homicide cases that are eligible for capital punishment and prosecutorial discretion is therefore comparatively circumscribed. This Article assesses whether race influences the administration of capital punishment in Washington State, and if so, where in the process it matters. On the one hand, the narrowness of the statutory framework may effectively constrain prosecutorial discretion in ways that minimize the role of race. On the other hand, experimental research suggests that unconscious stereotypes that link Blacks to violence are widespread, and that jury selection and deliberations tend to amplify jurors’ implicit biases. We therefore hypothesize that race will matter most at the sentencing (as opposed to the filing) stage of the process. To test this, we analyze prosecutorial and jury decision-making in all Washington aggravated murder cases adjudicated since 1981 for which information is available. The results of statistical regression analyses support this hypothesis: although neither the race of the defendant nor the victim affect prosecutorial decision-making, jurors are more than four times more likely to impose a death sentence when the defendant is Black. These findings suggest that race plays a significant role in capital sentencing even where the statutory framework effectively narrows the pool of homicide cases that may result in the death penalty.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Protecting the Constitutional Rights of Minority Youth on Rikers Island
Creators: name: Johnson, Loretta A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: In 2014, the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York released a report on their investigation into the patterns and practices of treatment of adolescent inmates on Rikers Island, finding systemic defects that result in the pervasive violation of the adolescent inmates’ constitutional rights. Ninety-five percent of the adolescent population on Rikers is Black or Latino. New York is uniquely harsh with its treatment of 16- and 17-year-olds, as it and North Carolina are the only states to set the minimum age of criminal responsibility at 16. Over seventy-five percent of youth on Rikers Island are awaiting trial and have not been convicted of a crime. The prevalence of the unconstitutional conduct on Rikers Island is attributable, in large part, to the lack of accountability among Department of Corrections (DOC) staff members on Rikers Island, which results in a code of silence. To effectively deal with the pervasive pattern and practice of conduct on the part of DOC staff that violates adolescent inmates on Rikers Island’s constitutional rights, it is crucial to understand the differences between adolescents and adults and the power of the DOC staff union. This Note posits that in order to create meaningful reform and protect the constitutional rights of adolescent inmates, the cut-off age for criminal responsibility should be raised so that 16- and 17-year-olds fall under the jurisdiction of the Family Court and are not placed on Rikers Island. Additionally, the portion of the Administrative Code requiring all uniformed DOC ranks to be filled by promotion from within the uniformed force must be amended to obstruct the code of silence and prevent violence against inmates. Without such measures, the abuses against minority youth on Rikers Island will persist.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Midwives and Pregnant Women of Color: Why We Need to Understand Intersectional Changes in Midwifery to Reclaim Home Birth
Creators: name: Thompson, Danielle
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: The vast majority of births occur in hospitals attended by physicians. However, this has not always been the case. Prior to the turn of the twentieth century, home births held the majority and were primarily attended by midwives, the majority of whom were women of color and immigrant women. The move toward hospital birth is rarely discussed today and midwifery and home birth, though now both experiencing a small comeback, are often viewed with skepticism and fear. This Note discusses the raced and gendered history of this change in American birth norms and argues that the racist and sexist motivations and phenomena that prompted the move into hospitals and away from midwives is relevant to understanding current birth trends and statistics. The Note begins with an overview and discussion of the raced and gendered history of American midwifery. Next, the Note explains the history of the Medicalization of pregnancy and birth–here, exerting excessive medical rhetoric into and oversight over reproduction, and especially women of color’s reproduction, in order to control it. Finally the Note considers current home birth and midwifery trends and statistics and their connection to the race and gender discrimination of twentieth century birth and midwifery. The Note concludes that the racist and sexist underpinnings of the change from home to hospital birth still operate in our current birthing systems to keep women of color in hospitals and out of the midwifery profession.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Spin relaxation and combined resonance in two-dimensional electron systems with spin-orbit disorder
Creators: name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
name: Ivanov, V. I.
name: Barnas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder in spin-orbit (SO) coupling is an important feature of real low-dimensional electron structures. We study spin relaxation due to such a disorder as well as resulting abilities of spin manipulation. The spin relaxation reveals quantum effects when the spatial scale of the randomness is smaller than the electron wavelength. Due to the disorder in SO coupling, a time-dependent external electric field generates a spatially random spin-dependent perturbation. The resulting electric dipole spin resonance in a two-dimensional electron gas leads to spin injection in a frequency range of the order of the Fermi energy. These effects can be important for possible applications in spintronics.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
A discrete discontinuity between the two phases of gravity
Creators: name: Sengupta, Sandipan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When tetrad (metric) fields are not invertible, the standard canonical formulation of gravity cannot be adopted as it is. Here we develop a Hamiltonian theory of gravity for non-invertible tetrad. In contrast to Einstein gravity, this phase is found to exhibit three local degrees of freedom. This reflects a discrete discontinuity in the limit of a vanishing tetrad determinant. For the particular case of vanishing lapse, the Hamiltonian constraint disappears from the classical theory upon fixing the torsional gauge-freedom. Any state functional invariant under the internal gauge rotations and spatial diffeomorphisms is a formal solution of the associated quantum theory. The formulation here provides a Hamiltonian basis to analyze gravity theory around a physical singularity, which corresponds to a zero of the tetrad determinant in curved spacetime.
description: 15 pages, Accepted version (JCAP), Minor revisions in presentation, Title changed
Nonperturbative thermodynamics of an interacting Bose gas
Creators: name: Floerchinger, S.
name: Wetterich, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the thermodynamics of a non-relativistic gas of bosons with a local repulsive interaction. In particular, we compute the temperature and density dependence of pressure, energy and entropy-density, superfluid and condensate-fraction, correlation length, specific heat, isothermal and adiabatic compressibility and various sound velocities. The T->0 limit approaches the quantum phase transition, while the universal critical behavior of a classical second order phase transition in the O(2) universality class determines the region around the critical temperature. Our non-perturbative flow equations based on exact functional renormalization cover all regions in the phase diagram.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
Risky Business: Critiquing Pennsylvania’s Actuarial Risk Assessment in Sentencing
Creators: name: Corey, Jessica
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2016

description: The use of statistical risk assessment tools is growing in many different areas of the criminal justice field. This Note critiques this growing trend towards using risk assessment tools during the sentencing phase. Part II of this Note will survey the differing types of risk assessment tools used across the United States to track the development of risk under the assessment protocol standards of the criminal justice systems. Part III will review the current criticisms on actuarial risk assessment. Part IV will outline the proposed risk assessment tool Pennsylvania is currently developing. Finally, Part V will weigh Pennsylvania’s model against the criticisms of actuarial risk assessment discussed in Part II.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 7 No. 1 (2017)