cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing of ceramics and ceramic composites via robocasting
Creators: name: Feilden, Ezra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In the last two decades additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a highly important and influential technology. A large range of approaches to AM have been developed which give rise to hundreds of distinct techniques. Many of these are specific to one material system, and only a handful have been successful at producing ceramic parts. Robocasting is one such technique, having been used to produce complex ceramic parts with reasonable mechanical properties. In this thesis robocasting is investigated further, firstly by characterising the rheology of the robocasting paste, and then by measuring the strength and reliability of ceramic parts produced by robocasting. The critical defects associated with the process are identified, and efforts have been made to eliminate them. Furthermore, it was possible to produce a new class of ceramic composites consisting of alumina platelets aligned by the shear forces that arise during printing. These platelets themselves and the composites were extensively characterised. A new in-situ double cantilever test was developed in order to study the fracture behaviour of the composites. Lastly, the principle of using the printing process to align platelets was applied to fibres in order to create printed fibre reinforced ceramic matrix composites, and printed carbon fibre reinforced epoxy.
Certhia flaveola Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Certhiidae
Certhia
Certhia flaveola

description: Certhia flaveola [spec. nov.]
C. nigra, uropygio pectoreque luteo, superciliis macula alarum rectricumque apicibus albis.
Luscinia s. Philomela e fusco & luteo varia. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 307. t. 259. Raj. av. 187. n. 45. Edw. av. 122. t. 122.
Habitat in America.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 119, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Force-dependent unbinding rate of molecular motors from stationary optical trap data
Creators: name: Berger, Florian
name: Klumpp, Stefan
name: Lipowsky, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular motors walk along filaments until they detach stochastically with a force-dependent unbinding rate. Here, we show that this unbinding rate can be obtained from the analysis of experimental data of molecular motors moving in stationary optical traps. Two complementary methods are presented, based on the analysis of the distribution for the unbinding forces and of the motor's force traces. In the first method, analytically derived force distributions for slip bonds, slip-ideal bonds, and catch bonds are used to fit the cumulative distributions of the unbinding forces. The second method is based on the statistical analysis of the observed force traces. We validate both methods with stochastic simulations and apply them to experimental data for kinesin-1.
Investigation of low-temperature solution processed metal oxide for organic and perovskite photovoltaics
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaqi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In the solar energy arena, there is a considerable market for portable, lightweight, and flexible solutions for solar energy harvesting, in which organic and perovskite photovoltaics are two promising candidates. Cathode-bottom device architecture is commonly used in organic and perovskite photovoltaics due to its long-term stability. However, in this structure the electron transport layer (ETL) adjacent to the cathode commonly requires high temperature annealing, which limits the use of flexible substrates. In this thesis, low temperature processed ZnO thin films are applied as ETLs in organic and perovskite solar cells with two fabrication methods employed: i) sol-gel chemistry and ii) aqueous ammonia approach. In terms of ZnO films by two methods, the relationship between the film composition and the film properties (optical, electrical, surface morphological) is elucidated. The low temperature processed ZnO by sol-gel chemistry, which was previously commonly considered as amorphous ZnO, has been confirmed consisting of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in an extended amorphous organic matrix in our study. The aqueous processed counterpart has been confirmed containing only ZnO nanoparticles. The distinct compositional difference of two low temperature processed films results in some interesting comparisons, not only in the film properties but also when applied in the organic and perovskite solar cells. In addition, the influence of film processing temperature, in a range from as-cast to 450 ˚C high temperature, is investigated. We have proved that sol-gel and aqueous processed ZnO films both are effective ETLs in the application of OPVs. Specially, the work function of the ETLs shows significant impact on the device performance. In the application of perovskite solar cells, despite the intrinsic nature of the thermal instability of perovskite when fabricated on ZnO, the ZnO/PCBM bilayer ETLs with two ZnO processing routes both enable all-low- temperature, thermal stable, low hysteresis and high performance devices.
Additional file 1: of Protocol for a systematic review to identify the barriers and facilitators to deliver bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in disadvantaged communities
Creators: name: Dobbie, Fiona
name: Angus, Kathryn
name: Uny, Isabelle
name: Duncan, Edward
name: MacInnes, Lisa
name: Hasseld, Liz
name: Clegg, Gareth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Draft search strategy for MEDLINE (OVID). (DOCX 19 kb)
Optimal Consumption in the Stochastic Ramsey Problem without Boundedness Constraints
Creators: name: Huang, Yu-Jui
name: Khalili, Saeed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91B62, 93E20

description: This paper investigates optimal consumption in the stochastic Ramsey problem with the Cobb-Douglas production function. Contrary to prior studies, we allow for general consumption processes, without any a priori boundedness constraint. A non-standard stochastic differential equation, with neither Lipschitz continuity nor linear growth, specifies the dynamics of the controlled state process. A mixture of probabilistic arguments are used to construct the state process, and establish its non-explosiveness and strict positivity. This leads to the optimality of a feedback consumption process, defined in terms of the value function and the state process. Based on additional viscosity solutions techniques, we characterize the value function as the unique classical solution to a nonlinear elliptic equation, among an appropriate class of functions. This characterization involves a condition on the limiting behavior of the value function at the origin, which is the key to dealing with unbounded consumptions. Finally, relaxing the boundedness constraint is shown to increase, strictly, the expected utility at all wealth levels.
Reconfigurable computing for advanced trading strategies
Creators: name: Cross, Andreea-Ingrid
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Financial markets are rapidly evolving to exploit powerful computational and statistical tools to construct both risk management and alpha strategies. This research seeks to develop new tools to identify efficient trading strategies through the use of genetic programming and some mathematical optimisation methods such as adaptive elastic net regularisation while leveraging the powerful hardware acceleration capabilities of Field Programmable Gate Array technology. The first contribution of this thesis represents a Field Programmable Gate Array based algorithmic trading system which supports multiple trading strategies that can be either run in parallel or switched at run-time according to changes in market volatility, for more elaborate trading strategies. Three types of hardware designs are compared: a static reconfiguration, a full reconfiguration, and a partial reconfiguration design. We evaluate our approach using both synthetic and historical market data and we notice that our system can obtain a considerable speedup when compared to its software implementation counterpart. The second contribution of this thesis presents an evolutionary hybrid genetic program which uses aspects of swarm intelligence to seek reliable and profitable trading patterns to enhance trading strategies. We use Field Programmable Gate Array technology to accelerate the fitness evaluation step, one of the most computationally demanding operations in genetic programming. The proposed design is based on run-time reconfiguration to improve hardware resource utilisation, being substantially faster than an optimised, multi-threaded software implementation while achieving comparable financial returns. The third contribution of this thesis represents a Field Programmable Gate Array based custom regularisation and regression solver, CRRS. We also introduce an Adaptive Elastic Net pipelined architecture implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays for maximum parallelism performance. We further show how CRRS can provide an efficient, scalable solution, allowing us to handle large-scale datasets that cannot fit the on-board DRAM of a single FPGA. Our solver proves to be efficient in different scenarios. For example, when applied to dimensionality reduction for a portfolio of foreign exchange rates, which uses the ``efficient kitchen-sink regression" approach within the ``Parametric Portfolio Policies" technique.
Additional file 1 of Current practices of waste management in teaching hospitals and presence of incinerators in densely populated areas
Creators: name: Khalid, Salma
name: Haq, Najibul
name: Sabiha, Zia-ul-Ain
name: Latif, Abdul
name: Khan, Muhammad Amjad
name: Iqbal, Javaid
name: Yousaf, Nowsher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
A Josephson frequency for fractionally charged anyons
Creators: name: Kapfer, M.
name: Roulleau, P.
name: Santin, M.
name: Farrer, I.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
name: Glattli, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: primary: cond-mat.mes-hall, secondary: quant-ph

description: Anyons occur in two-dimensional electron systems as excitations with fractional charge in the topologically ordered states of the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect (FQHE). Their dynamics are of utmost importance for topological quantum phases and possible decoherence free quantum information approaches, but observing these dynamics experimentally is challenging. Here we report on a dynamical property of anyons: the long predicted Josephson relation fJ=e*V/h for charges e*=e/3 and e/5, where e is the charge of the electron and h is Planck's constant. The relation manifests itself as marked signatures in the dependence of Photo Assisted Shot Noise (PASN) on voltage V when irradiating contacts at microwaves frequency fJ. The validation of FQHE PASN models indicates a path towards realizing time-resolved anyon sources based on levitons.
description: Main text and supplementary material, 26 pages, 11 figures, published in Science 363 (2019) 846-849
Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
Creators: name: Hogan, Craig J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview is presented of possible cosmologically distant sources of gravitational wave backgrounds, especially those which might produce detectable backgrounds in the LISA band between 0.1 and 100 mHz. Examples considered here include inflation-amplified vacuum fluctuations in inflaton and graviton fields, bubble collisions in first-order phase transitions, Goldstone modes of classical self-ordering scalars, and cosmic strings and other gauge defects. Characteristic scales and basic mechanisms are reviewed and spectra are estimated for each of these sources. The unique impact of a LISA detection on fundamental physics and cosmology is discussed.
description: 8 pages, LaTex, to appear in the "Second International LISA Symposium on Gravitational Waves", ed. W. Folkner (AIP, in press)
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d'Aloxe (XVe siècle), Cart. 182 (11 H 233), 105 folios, f. 0209
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2017
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d'Aloxe (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 182 (11 H 233), 105 folios, f. 0209, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Cîteaux pour les possessions d'Aloxe (XVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 182 (11 H 233), 105 folios, f. 0209, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Trochilus Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Apodiformes
Trochilidae
Trochilus

description: Trochilus [gen. nov.]
Rostrum subulato-filiforme, incurvatum, capite longius: Mandibula superior vaginans inferiorem.
Lingua filiformis, bipartito-tu- bulosa.
* Macrouri 1-5.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 119, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
A distance of 13 Mpc resolves the claimed anomalies of the galaxy lacking dark matter
Creators: name: Trujillo, Ignacio
name: Beasley, Michael A.
name: Borlaff, Alejandro
name: Carrasco, Eleazar R.
name: Di Cintio, Arianna
name: Filho, Mercedes
name: Monelli, Matteo
name: Montes, Mireia
name: Roman, Javier
name: Ruiz-Lara, Tomas
name: Almeida, Jorge Sanchez
name: Valls-Gabaud, David
name: Vazdekis, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The claimed detection of a diffuse galaxy lacking dark matter represents a possible challenge to our understanding of the properties of these galaxies and galaxy formation in general. The galaxy, already identified in photographic plates taken in the summer of 1976 at the UK 48-in Schmidt telescope, presents normal distance-independent properties (e.g. colour, velocity dispersion of its globular clusters). However, distance-dependent quantities are at odds with those of other similar galaxies, namely the luminosity function and sizes of its globular clusters, mass-to-light ratio and dark matter content. Here we carry out a careful analysis of all extant data and show that they consistently indicate a much shorter distance (13 Mpc) than previously indicated (20 Mpc). With this revised distance, the galaxy appears to be a rather ordinary low surface brightness galaxy (R_e=1.4+-0.1 kpc; M*=6.0+-3.6x10^7 Msun) with plenty of room for dark matter (the fraction of dark matter inside the half mass radius is >75% and M_halo/M*>20) corresponding to a minimum halo mass >10^9 Msun. At 13 Mpc, the luminosity and structural properties of the globular clusters around the object are the same as those found in other galaxies.
description: MNRAS, in press. This version includes an extra new independent distance indicator confirming the 13 Mpc distance. New tests also reject the possibility that blends are causing a misidentification of the location of the TRGB
Parametric polyhedral optimisation for high-level synthesis
Creators: name: Liu, Junyi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: High-level synthesis (HLS) improves hardware design productivity by using high-level programming languages for design entry. Although various automatic optimisations have been supported in modern HLS tools, manual effort is still required to achieve sufficient hardware acceleration. Loop pipelining is one of the most important opti- mization methods in HLS for increasing loop parallelism. In this thesis, we extend the capability of loop pipelining in HLS to handle loops with uncertain dependencies (i.e., parameterised by an undetermined variable) and/or non-uniform dependencies (i.e., varying between loop iterations). Our optimisations allow a pipeline to be scheduled without the aforementioned memory dependencies at compile time, but an associated controller will change the execution speed of loop iterations at runtime. A parametric polyhedral analysis is developed to generate the control logic and is integrated in an automated source-to-source code transformation framework. Experiments over a suite of benchmarks show that transformed pipelines can achieve 3.7-11× faster acceleration with a reasonable resource overhead. To tackle the challenge of memory and communication bottlenecks, we have also developed a tile size selection for loop tiling to improve data locality. The size of the tiles, which can significantly affect the memory requirement, is usually determined by partial enumeration. We propose an analytical methodology in this thesis to automate the selection of a tile size for optimised memory reuse in HLS. A new parametric polyhedral analysis for memory mapping is introduced to capture memory usage analytically for arbitrary tile sizes. To determine the tile size for data reuse in constrained on-chip memory, an algorithm is then developed to optimize over this model, using non-linear solvers to minimize communication overhead. We show experimentally that our tile size selection can quickly produce high-quality solutions associated with an efficient memory mapping.
Late-time acceleration by a residual cosmological constant from sequestering vacuum energy in ultimate collapsed structures
Creators: name: Lombriser, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sequestering mechanism has been proposed as a remedy to the old cosmological constant problem of the non-gravitating vacuum energy in the matter sector. Here it is shown that an extension of this global constraint mechanism arises naturally from an averaging condition for residual cosmological constants produced in different patches of the Universe. The new mechanism naturally yields the small observed value that gives rise to cosmic acceleration at late times, hence, addressing the new cosmological constant problem. Hereby the halo model picture is adopted with all matter content ultimately residing in the last collapsed structures formed. Sequestering in these collapsing patches produces the desired average residual, where a uniform prior on our present location in the collapse predicts $Ω_Λ=0.697$. Finally, a fluctuation of the local residual from the cosmological average can naturally give rise to a locally enhanced Hubble constant.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure; v2: extended discussion in Sec. 3.1
MOESM1 of Analysis of clinical malaria disease patterns and trends in Vietnam 2009–2015
Creators: name: Kinley Wangdi
name: Canavati, Sara
name: Ngo, Thang
name: Tran, Long
name: Nguyen, Thu
name: Tran, Duong
name: Martin, Nicholas
name: Clements, Archie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. Climatic variables without lag. Appendix S2. Climatic variables with 1 month lag. Appendix S3. Climatic variables with 2 months lag. Appendix S4. Climatic variables with 3 months lag. Appendix S5. Summary of annual distribution of ITNs at district level in Viet Nam from 2009 to 2013. Appendix S6. Summary of annual distribution of ITNs of districts included in the study.
The Contribution of Late-type/Irregulars to the Faint Galaxy Counts from HST Medium Deep Survey Images
Creators: name: Driver, Simon P.
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
name: Griffiths, Richard E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete morphologically classified sample of 144 faint field galaxies from the HST Medium Deep Survey with 20.0 < I <22.0 mag. We compare the global properties of the ellipticals, early and late-type spirals, and find a non-negligible fraction (13/144) of compact blue [(V-I) < 1.0 mag] systems with $r^{1/4}$-profiles. We give the differential galaxy number counts for ellipticals and early-type spirals independently, and find that the data are consistent with no-evolution predictions based on conventional flat Schechter luminosity functions (LF's) and a standard cosmology. Conversely, late-type/Irregulars show a steeply rising differential number count with slope $(\frac{δlog N}{δm}) = 0.64\pm 0.1$. No-evolution models based on the Loveday et al. (1992) and Marzke et al. (1994b) {\it local} luminosity functions under-predict the late-type/Irregular counts by 1.0 and 0.5 dex, respectively, at I = 21.75 mag. Examination of the Irregulars alone shows that $\sim 50$% appear inert and the remainder have multiple cores. If the inert galaxies represent a non-evolving late-type population, then a Loveday-like LF ($α\simeq -1.0$) is ruled out for these types, and a LF with a steep faint-end ($α\simeq -1.5$) is suggested. If multiple core structure indicates recent star-formation, then the observed excess of faint blue field galaxies is likely due to {\it evolutionary} processes acting on a {\it steep} field LF for late-type/Irregulars. The evolutionary mechanism is unclear, but 60% of the multiple-core Irregulars show close companions. To reconcile a Marzke-like LF with the faint redshift surveys, this evolution must be preferentially occurring in the brightest late-type galaxies with z > 0.5 at I = 21.75 mag.
description: 29 pages, 1 catalog and 10 figures. The figures and catalog can be found at http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/~spd/bib.html
On the weakly-bound (1,1)-states in the three-body $d d μ$ and $d t μ$ muonic ions
Creators: name: Frolov, Alexei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The both total and binding energies of the (1,1)-states in the weakly-bound three-body muonic $d d μ$ and $d t μ$ ions are determined to high numerical accuracy. The binding energy of the (1,1)-state in the muonic $d t μ$ ion is evaluated as $\varepsilon(d t μ)$ = -0.66033003831(30) $eV$, while for the same state in the muonic $d d μ$ ion we have found that $\varepsilon(d d μ)$ = -1.9749806166970(30) $eV$. These energies are the most accurate numerical values obtained for these systems and they are sufficient for all current and future experimental needs.
description: This is the most recent (updated) version (by 16th of March 2019)
Mathematical modelling of misfolded protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases using in vivo PET data
Creators: name: Whittington, Alexander
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging modality widely used in the study of neurodegeneration to image the accumulation of the misfolded proteins such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau. The aims of this thesis were to investigate Aβ accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using mathematical modelling and perform kinetic modelling of the novel tau radiotracer [18F]-AV1451 in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The main contributions of this thesis are: Aβ - Modelling the spatiotemporal distribution of Aβ in AD. The spatiotemporal distribution of Aβ in AD was modelled using a network diffusion model and a four-parameter logistic growth model. Results suggest the spatiotemporal distribution of Aβ in AD results from properties of the local tissue environment rather than long-term spreading from seed regions. Aβ - Amyloid Load - Using parametric images derived from the logistic growth model, a new out- come measure, amyloid load AβL was defined for a single [18F]-AV45 Aβ PET scan. It had greater sensitivity than the currently used mean cortical SUVr out- come measure and will improve the power to detect signal changes in future trials of novel anti-Aβ therapeutics. Tau - Kinetic modelling of [18F]-AV1451 Dynamic [18F]-AV1451 PET data from a CBD study was effectively modelled with a reversible two-tissue compartmental model, the simplified reference tis- sue model (SRTM) and standardised uptake value ratio (SUVr). SRTM was used to quantify [18F]-AV1451 uptake in a TBI study consisting of 32 subjects. There were no differences between patients and controls at the ROI level and the voxel level analysis revealed heterogeneous radiotracer uptake amongst patients. It is impossible to tell whether increased PET signal is due to tau or off-target binding.
Additional file 1 of Plasma glutamine status at intensive care unit admission: an independent risk factor for mortality in critical illness
Creators: name: Smedberg, Marie
name: Helleberg, Johan
name: Norberg, Åke
name: Tjäder, Inga
name: Rooyackers, Olav
name: Wernerman, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Patient characteristics: Characteristics of high glutamine patients versus normal glutamine patients in all patients (Table 1A) and with newly liver transplanted patients are excluded (Table 1B).
Formation of the First Stars and Quasars
Creators: name: Haiman, Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review observable signatures of the first generation of stars and low-luminosity quasars, including the metal enrichment, radiation background, and dust opacity/emission that they produce. We compute the formation history of collapsed baryonic halos based on an extension of the Press-Schechter formalism, incorporating the effects of pressure and H2-dissociation, and calibrate this history to observational data at redshifts z<5. To be consistent with the lack of faint point-sources in the Hubble Deep Field, we introduce a lower limit of 75 km/s for the circular velocities of halos harboring central black holes. Based on our models, we predict that future satellite instruments such as MAP, Planck, and NGST will be able to detect the signatures small star clusters and low-luminosity quasars at redshifts exceeding z=10.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures included. Invited talk at the 32nd COSPAR Scientific Assemby, 15-17 July, 1998, Nagoya, Japan; to appear in Adv. of Space Research
Additional file 1: of Integrative methylation score to identify epigenetic modifications associated with lipid changes resulting from fenofibrate treatment in families
Creators: name: Biqi Wang
name: DeStefano, Anita
name: Honghuang Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Top 10 genes associated with change in triglycerides. Table S2. Top 10 genes associated with change in HDLc. Figure S1. Quantile-quantile plots of association tests by MMLT and weighted SKAT for natural logarithm changes of triglyceride or HDLc. The weight of SKAT was the algorithm of minor allele frequency. Figure S2. Quantile-quantile plots by numbers of CpGs in MMLT and weighted SKAT for for natural logarithm changes of triglyceride or HDLc. (PDF 600 kb)
From Dogwhistles to Bullhorns: Unveiling Coded Rhetoric with Language Models
Creators: name: Mendelsohn, Julia
name: Bras, Ronan Le
name: Choi, Yejin
name: Sap, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dogwhistles are coded expressions that simultaneously convey one meaning to a broad audience and a second one, often hateful or provocative, to a narrow in-group; they are deployed to evade both political repercussions and algorithmic content moderation. For example, in the sentence 'we need to end the cosmopolitan experiment,' the word 'cosmopolitan' likely means 'worldly' to many, but secretly means 'Jewish' to a select few. We present the first large-scale computational investigation of dogwhistles. We develop a typology of dogwhistles, curate the largest-to-date glossary of over 300 dogwhistles with rich contextual information and examples, and analyze their usage in historical U.S. politicians' speeches. We then assess whether a large language model (GPT-3) can identify dogwhistles and their meanings, and find that GPT-3's performance varies widely across types of dogwhistles and targeted groups. Finally, we show that harmful content containing dogwhistles avoids toxicity detection, highlighting online risks of such coded language. This work sheds light on the theoretical and applied importance of dogwhistles in both NLP and computational social science, and provides resources for future research in modeling dogwhistles and mitigating their online harms.
description: ACL 2023, see https://dogwhistles.allen.ai/ for the glossary and other materials
Pseudo-Goldstone gaps and order-by-quantum-disorder in frustrated magnets
Creators: name: Rau, Jeffrey G.
name: McClarty, Paul A.
name: Moessner, Roderich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In systems with competing interactions, continuous degeneracies can appear which are accidental, in that they are not related to any symmetry of the Hamiltonian. Accordingly, the pseudo-Goldstone modes associated with these degeneracies are also unprotected. Indeed, through a process known as "order-by-quantum-disorder", quantum zero-point fluctuations can lift the degeneracy and induce a gap for these modes. We show that this gap can be exactly computed at leading order in $1/S$ in spin-wave theory from the mean curvature of the classical and quantum zero-point energies - without the need to consider any spin-wave interactions. We confirm this equivalence through direct calculations of the spin-wave spectrum to $O(1/S^2)$ in a wide variety of theoretically and experimentally relevant quantum spin models. We prove this equivalence through the use of an exact sum rule that provides the required mixing of different orders of $1/S$. Finally, we discuss some implications for several leading order-by-quantum-disorder candidate materials, clarifying the expected pseudo-Goldstone gap sizes in Er$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ and Ca$_3$Fe$_2$Ge$_3$O$_{12}$.
description: 5 + 26 pages, 3 figures. Corrected discussion of cubic garnet, expanded supplemental material
Trochilus paradiseus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Apodiformes
Trochilidae
Trochilus
Trochilus paradiseus

description: Trochilus paradiseus [spec. nov.]
T. curvirostris ruber, alis caeruleis, capite cristato, rectricibus duabus longissimis.
Mellivora avis cristata cum duobus pennis longis in cauda. Seb. mus. 1. p. 97. t. 61. f. 4.
Habitat in Mexico.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 119, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Structure of Structure Formation Theories
Creators: name: Hu, Wayne
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the general structure of models for structure formation, with applications to the reverse engineering of the model from observations. Through a careful accounting of the degrees of freedom in covariant gravitational instability theory, we show that the evolution of structure is completely specified by the stress history of the dark sector. The study of smooth, entropic, sonic, scalar anisotropic, vector anisotropic, and tensor anisotropic stresses reveals the origin, robustness, and uniqueness of specific model phenomenology. We construct useful and illustrative analytic solutions that cover cases with multiple species of differing equations of state relevant to the current generation of models, especially those with effectively smooth components. We present a simple case study of models with phenomenologies similar to that of a LambdaCDM model to highlight reverse-engineering issues. A critical-density universe dominated by a single type of dark matter with the appropriate stress history can mimic a LambdaCDM model exactly.
description: 31 pages, 18 figures, RevTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Solving the Real-Time Train Dispatching Problem by Column Generation
Creators: name: Schälicke, Maik
name: Nachtigall, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.0
subject: 90B20

description: Disruptions in the operational flow of rail traffic can lead to conflicts between train movements, such that a scheduled timetable can no longer be realised. This is where dispatching is applied, existing conflicts are resolved and a dispatching timetable is provided. In the process, train paths are varied in their spatio-temporal course. This is called the train dispatching problem (TDP), which consists of selecting conflict-free train paths with minimum delay. Starting from a path-oriented formulation of the TDP, a binary linear decision model is introduced. For each possible train path, a binary decision variable indicates whether the train path is used by the request or not. Such a train path is constructed from a set of predefined path parts (speed-profiles) within a time-space network. Instead of modelling pairwise conflicts, stronger MIP formulation are achieved by a cliques formulated over the complete train path. The combinatorics of speed-profiles and different departure times results in a large number of possible train paths, so that the column generation method is used here. Within the subproblem, the shadow prices of conflict cliques must be taken into account. When constructing a new train path, it must be determined whether this train path belongs to a clique or not. This problem is tackled by a MIP. The methodology is tested on instances from a dispatching area in Germany. Numerical results show that the presented method achieves acceptable computation times with good solution quality while meeting the requirements for real-time dispatching.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
H_2 Cooling of Primordial Gas Triggered by UV Irradiation
Creators: name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Rees, Martin
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the formation of molecular hydrogen (H_2) in a primordial H+He gas cloud irradiated by a power-law UV flux. We find that at high densities (>1 cm^{-3}) and low temperatures (<10^4 K), the background radiation enhances the formation of H_2 and results in molecular cooling dominating over photoionization heating. This process could accelerate the collapse and fragmentation of dense objects at high redshifts.
description: 13 pages, uuencoded compressed Postscript, 3 figures included
MOESM6 of Hyperoxia toxicity in septic shock patients according to the Sepsis-3 criteria: a post hoc analysis of the HYPER2S trial
Creators: name: Demiselle, Julien
name: Wepler, Martin
name: Hartmann, Clair
name: Radermacher, Peter
name: Schortgen, Frédérique
name: Meziani, Ferhat
name: Singer, Mervyn
name: Seegers, Valérie
name: Asfar, Pierre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Table S5. Data analysis by using a Cox regression model with survival data censored at 28 days and then censored at 90 days in succession, excluding cirrhotic patients. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, F female, M male.
An HI survey of the Bootes Void. I. The Data
Creators: name: Szomoru, A.
name: van Gorkom, J. H.
name: Gregg, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a neutral hydrogen survey of the Bootes void carried out with the VLA in D-array. The survey covers $\sim 1100$ Mpc$^{3}$, about 1\% of the volume of the void as defined by Kirshner \etal 1987. We observed 24 fields, centered on known void galaxies; 16 of these were detected in HI. Eighteen uncataloged companion galaxies were discovered directly in the HI line at distances of $45\sec$ to $14.5\min$ from the target galaxies. We also present the results of follow-up optical imaging observations and discovery of one additional Bootes void galaxy, found through spectroscopy of a number of apparent companions to known void members. Our angular resolution is $\sim 1\min$ (45 kpc) \footnote{Throughout this paper, we have assumed ${H_{0}}$ = ${\rm 100\,km\,s^{-1}Mpc^{-1}}$.}, each field has a size of $\sim 1°$ (2.7 Mpc). The detected HI masses range from $8\times 10^{8}$ to $1\times 10^{10} \msol$. Typically our $2σ$ HI column density sensitivity is $2\times 10^{19} {\rm cm^{-2}}$. The radio and optical data are analyzed and discussed in the following companion article (Paper~2, Szomoru, van Gorkom, Gregg and Strauss 1996).
description: Latex file of abstract. The postscript version of the complete paper (1.1 Mb in gzipped format) including all the figures can be retrieved from http://www.astro.rug.nl:80/~secr/ To appear in the February 1996 issue of the Astronomical Journal
Applications of regional ocean Ensemble Kalman Filter data assimilation
Creators: name: Li, Yi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Data assimilation has been widely used in the forecast of oceanic states and tropical cyclones. In this thesis, the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) based data assimilation algorithm is applied to two applications, a regional ocean data assimilation system for the South Australian Sea and a coupled ocean-atmosphere tropical cyclone (TC) forecast system. The regional ocean data assimilation system consists of the data assimilation algorithm provided by the NCAR Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) and the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS). We describe the first implementation of a physical balance operator (temperature-salinity, hydrostatic and geostrophic balance) to DART, to reduce the spurious waves which may be introduced during the data assimilation process. The effect of the balance operator is validated in both an idealised shallow water model and the ROMS model real case study. In the shallow water model, the geostrophic balance operator eliminates spurious ageostrophic waves and produces a better sea surface height (SSH) and velocity analysis and forecast. Its impact increases as the sea surface height and wind stress increase. In the real case, satellite-observed sea surface temperature (SST) and SSH are assimilated in the South Australian Sea with 50 ensembles using the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter. Assimilating SSH and SST enhances the estimation of SSH and SST in the entire domain, respectively. Assimilation with the balance operator produces a more realistic simulation of surface currents and subsurface temperature profile. The best improvement is obtained when only SSH is assimilated with the balance operator. A case study with a storm suggests that the benefit of the balance operator is of particular importance under high wind stress conditions. Implementing the balance operator could be a general bene t to ocean data assimilation systems. The TC forecast system consists of DART and coupled ROMS - WRF (the Weather Research Forecast model). High-frequency (HF) radars can provide high-resolution and frequent ocean surface currents observations during the TC landfall. We describe the first assimilation of such potential observations using idealised Observing System Simulation Experiments. In this system, synthetic HF radar observed coastal currents are assimilated and the forecast performances for weak (Category 2) and strong (Category 4) TCs are examined. Assimilating coastal surface currents improves the 24-hour forecasts of both intensity and track. For the strong case, the errors of the maximum wind speed (Vmax) and the integrated power dissipation (IPD) forecast reduce up to 50%. For the weak case, the improvements in Vmax and IPD forecast are lower (20%), but the track forecast improves 30%. These improvements are similar to the magnitude of the current operational TC forecast error, so that assimilating HF radar observations could be a substantial benefit.
Extended anisotropic models in noncompact Kaluza-Klein theory
Creators: name: Rasouli, S. M. M.
name: Moniz, Paulo Vargas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, new exact solutions for locally rotational symmetric (LRS) space-times are obtained within the modified Brans-Dicke theory (MBDT) (Rasouli et al 2014 Class. Quantum Grav. 31 115002). Specifically, extended five-dimensional (5D) versions of Kantowski-Sachs, LRS Bianchi type I and Bianchi type III are investigated in the context of the standard Brans-Dicke theory. We subsequently extract their corresponding dynamics on a 4D hypersurface. Our results are discussed regarding others obtained in the standard Brans-Dicke theory, induced-matter theory and general relativity. Moreover, we comment on the evolution of the scale factor of the extra spatial dimension, which is of interest in Kaluza-Klein frameworks.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Trochilus afer Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Apodiformes
Trochilidae
Trochilus
Trochilus afer

description: Trochilus afer [spec. nov.]
T. curvirostris, corpore viridi, alis caeruleis, rectricibus nigris: intermediis longissimis.
Habitat in Aethiopia. J. Burmannus.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 119, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
An HI survey of the Bootes Void. II. The Analysis
Creators: name: Szomoru, A.
name: van Gorkom, J. H.
name: Gregg, M. D.
name: Strauss, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the results of a VLA HI survey of the Bootes void and compare the distribution and HI properties of the void galaxies to those of galaxies found in a survey of regions of mean cosmic density. The Bootes survey covers 1100 Mpc$^{3}$, or $\sim$ 1\% of the volume of the void and consists of 24 cubes of typically 2 Mpc * 2 Mpc * 1280 km/s, centered on optically known galaxies. Sixteen targets were detected in HI; 18 previously uncataloged objects were discovered directly in HI. The control sample consists of 12 cubes centered on IRAS selected galaxies with FIR luminosities similar to those of the Bootes targets and located in regions of 1 to 2 times the cosmic mean density. In addition to the 12 targets 29 companions were detected in HI. We find that the number of galaxies within 1 Mpc of the targets is the same to within a factor of two for void and control samples, and thus that the small scale clustering of galaxies is the same in regions that differ by a factor of $\sim$ 6 in density on larger scales. A dynamical analysis of the galaxies in the void suggests that on scales of a few Mpc the galaxies are gravitationally bound, forming interacting galaxy pairs, loose pairs and loose groups. One group is compact enough to qualify as a Hickson compact group. The galaxies found in the void are mostly late-type, gas rich systems. A careful scrutiny of their HI and optical properties shows them to be very similar to field galaxies of the same morphological type. This, combined with our finding that the small scale clustering of the galaxies in the void is the same as in the field, suggests that it is the near environment that mostly affects the evolution of galaxies.
description: Latex file of abstract. The postscript version of the complete paper (0.2 Mb in gzipped format) including all the figures can be retrieved from http://www.astro.rug.nl:80/~secr/ To appear in the February 1996 issue of the Astronomical Journal