cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How Do Location Decisions of Firms and Households Affect Economic Development in Rural America?
Creators: name: Wu, JunJie
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Gopinath, Munisamy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper examines the causes of spatial inequalities in economic development across rural America. A theoretical model is developed to analyze interactions between location decisions of firms and households as they are affected by natural endowments, accumulated human and physical capital, and economic geography. Based on the theoretical analysis, an empirical model is specified to quantify the effect of these factors on key indicators of economic development across counties in the United States. Preliminary results suggest that households are willing to trade better amenities for lower income, and firms take advantage of this tradeoff by locating in areas with better climate and more recreational opportunities. In equilibrium, counties with better climate and more creational opportunities have lower income and more employment opportunities. Accumulated human and physical capital also significantly affect economic development across counties in the United States. Counties with more accumulated human and physical capital have higher income, more employment opportunities, and high development density. Remoteness has a negative effect on every measure of economic development indicator. It reduces income, employment, housing prices and total developed areas. Implications of the results for policy development to promote economic prosperity in rural America are discussed.
CalibrationPhys: Self-supervised Video-based Heart and Respiratory Rate Measurements by Calibrating Between Multiple Cameras
Creators: name: Akamatsu, Yusuke
name: Umematsu, Terumi
name: Imaoka, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Video-based heart and respiratory rate measurements using facial videos are more useful and user-friendly than traditional contact-based sensors. However, most of the current deep learning approaches require ground-truth pulse and respiratory waves for model training, which are expensive to collect. In this paper, we propose CalibrationPhys, a self-supervised video-based heart and respiratory rate measurement method that calibrates between multiple cameras. CalibrationPhys trains deep learning models without supervised labels by using facial videos captured simultaneously by multiple cameras. Contrastive learning is performed so that the pulse and respiratory waves predicted from the synchronized videos using multiple cameras are positive and those from different videos are negative. CalibrationPhys also improves the robustness of the models by means of a data augmentation technique and successfully leverages a pre-trained model for a particular camera. Experimental results utilizing two datasets demonstrate that CalibrationPhys outperforms state-of-the-art heart and respiratory rate measurement methods. Since we optimize camera-specific models using only videos from multiple cameras, our approach makes it easy to use arbitrary cameras for heart and respiratory rate measurements.
description: Accepted to IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics (J-BHI)
Target normal spin asymmetry and charge asymmetry for $eμ$ elastic scattering and the crossed processes
Creators: name: Kuraev, E. A.
name: Bytev, V. V.
name: Bystritskiy, Yu. M.
name: Tomasi-Gustafsson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two kinds of asymmetry arise from the interference of the Born amplitude and the box-type amplitude corresponding to two virtual photons exchange, namely charge-odd and one spin asymmetries. In case of unpolarized particles the charge-odd correlation is calculated. It can be measured in combination of electron muon and positron muon scattering experiments. The forward-backward asymmetry is the corresponding quantity which can be measured for the crossed processes. In the case of polarized muon the one-spin asymmetry for annihilation and scattering channels has been calculated. The additional structure function arising from the interference is shown to suffer from infrared divergencies. The background due to electroweak interaction is discussed.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Gravitational Microlensing Time Delays at High Optical Depth: Image Parities and the Temporal Properties of Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Lewis, Geraint F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to differing gravitational potentials and path lengths, gravitational lensing induces time delays between multiple images of a source which, for solar mass objects, is of order $\sim10^{-5}$ seconds. If an astrophysically compact source, such as a Fast Radio Burst (FRB), is observed through a region with a high optical depth of such microlensing masses, this gravitational lensing time delay can be imprinted on short timescale transient signals. In this paper, we consider the impact of the parity of the macroimage on the resultant microlensing time delays. It is found that this parity is directly imprinted on the microlensing signal, with macroimages formed at minima of the time arrival surface beginning with the most highly magnified microimages and then progressing to the fainter microimages. At macroimages at the maxima of the time arrival surface, this situation is reversed, with fainter images observed first and finishing with the brightest microimages. For macroimages at saddle-points, the signal again begins with fainter images, followed by brighter images before again fading through the fainter microimages. The growing populations of cosmologically distant bursty transient sources will undoubtedly result in the discovery of strong lensed, multiply imaged FRBs, which will be susceptible to microlensing by compact masses. With the temporal resolution being offered my modern and future facilities, the detection of microlensing induced time delays will reveal the parities of the gravitational lens macroimages, providing additional constraints on macrolensing mass models and improving the efficacy of these transient sources as a cosmological probes.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, to appear in MNRAS
Optimal Sustainable Agricultural Decisions: A Mixed Integer Approach
Creators: name: Wicks, Santhi
name: Howitt, Richard E.
name: Wicks, Santhi
name: Howitt, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Soil is a capital asset and a renewable resource that requires continued maintenance to ensure the sustainability of agricultural output in the long-run. Growers are continually adjusting the soil's productivity by adding and extracting soil nutrients, and modifying the soil structure through cultivation. Accordingly, we approach sustainable agriculture in terms of capital assets and switching conditions. A theoretical model focusing on cover cropping and soil nitrates shows that profit maximizing farmers' cover cropping decision depend on the price of nitrogen, cost of chemical nitrogen, cost of cover crops and the farmer decision making horizon. In addition, we show that restriction on application of chemical nitrogen for environmental reasons will increase the value marginal product of cover crops. The results demonstrate the importance of analyzing sustainable agriculture as producing capital assets. We believe that the resulting conditions explain observed farm managers' behavior more accurately than static myopic approaches.
Paradiarsia glareosa
Creators: name: Joos, R Enato
name: Fritsch, Dieter
name: Bryner, Rudolf
name: Billen, Wolfgang
name: Wicki, Christoph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae
Paradiarsia
Paradiarsia glareosa

description: 10156 Paradiarsia glareosa (Esper, 1788)
Basel (BS), Hörnli, und Münchenstein (BL), Merian Gärten. Die Art ist weit verbreitet und wird in der Flugzeit von Mitte September bis Mitte Oktober regelmässig nachgewiesen. Überraschend wurden am 9.10. 2013 in den Merian Gärten auch zwei dunkle Falter gefangen. Diese stark verdunkelte Form (Paradiarsia glareosa f. edda Staudinger, 1892) ist neu für die Schweiz, sonst ist die verdunkelte Form nur aus Skandinavien bekannt (Abb. 4).
description: Published as part of Joos, R Enato, Fritsch, Dieter, Bryner, Rudolf, Billen, Wolfgang & Wicki, Christoph, 2018, Vielfalt der nachtaktiven Gross- und Kleinschmetterlinge in zwei Parkanlagen bei Basel, pp. 57-71 in Entomo Helvetica 11 on page 63, DOI: 10.5169/seals-986024, http://zenodo.org/record/8034307
EOSC-hub D9.2 Joint Digital Innovation Hub Introduction and Strategy
Creators: name: Holsinger, Sy
name: Płóciennik, Marcin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This report introduces the overall project’s Joint Digital Innovation Hub, now referred to as the EOSC Digital Innovation Hub (EOSC DIH) including the structure, management, strategy for its evolution, technical facilities and initial commercialisation plans
Quantum corrections and the minimal Yukawa sector of $SU(5)$
Creators: name: Patel, Ketan M.
name: Shukla, Saurabh K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that the $SU(5)$ grand unified theory, with the standard model quarks and leptons unified in $\overline{5}$ and $10$ and the electroweak Higgs doublet residing in $5$ dimensional representations, leads to relation, $Y_d=Y_e^T$, between the Yukawa couplings of the down-type quarks and the charged leptons. We show that this degeneracy can be lifted in a phenomenologically viable way when quantum corrections to the tree-level matching conditions are taken into account in the presence of one or more copies of gauge singlet fermions. The 1-loop threshold corrections arising from heavy leptoquark scalar and vector bosons, already present in the minimal model, and heavy singlet fermions can lead to realistic Yukawa couplings provided their masses differ by at least two orders of magnitude. The latter can also lead to a realistic light neutrino mass spectrum through the type I seesaw mechanism if the colour partner of the Higgs stays close to the Planck scale. Most importantly, our findings demonstrate the viability of the simplest Yukawa sector when quantum corrections are considered and sizeable threshold effects are present.
description: V2: 9 Pages, 2 Captioned Figures and 1 Table, version published in Phys. Rev. D
BMN Operators from Wilson Loop
Creators: name: Miwa, Akitsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the BMN operators arise from the expansion of the Wilson loop in four-dimensional N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. The Wilson loop we consider is obtained from ``dimensional reduction'' of ten-dimensional N=1 super Yang-Mills theory, and it contains six scalar fields as well as the gauge field. We expand the Wilson loop twice. First we expand it in powers of the fluctuations around a BPS loop configuration. Then we further expand each term in the result of the first step in powers of the scalar field Z associated with the BPS configuration. We find that each operator in this expansion with large number of Z is the BMN operator. The number of fluctuations corresponds to the number of impurities, and the phase factor of each BMN operator is supplied correctly. We have to impose the BPS condition on the loop for obtaining the complete form of the BMN operators including the correction terms with \bar Z. Our observation suggests the correspondence between the Wilson loop and the string field.
description: 17 pages, v2: arguments on the correction terms expanded, references added, v3: minor corrections, to appear in JHEP
The two-body strong decays of the fully-charm tetraquark states
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
name: Yang, Xiao-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hadronic coupling constants in the two-body strong decays of the fully-charm tetraquark states with the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$ and $2^{++}$ via the QCD sum rules based on rigorous quark-hadron duality. Then we obtain the hadronic coupling constants and partial decay widths therefore total decay widths, which support assigning the $X(6552)$ as the first radial excitation of the scalar tetraquark state. And other predictions can be used to diagnose exotic states in the future.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
A shallow water model for magnetohydrodynamic flows with turbulent Hartmann layers
Creators: name: Pothérat, Alban
name: Schweitzer, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a shallow water model for flows of electrically conducting fluids in homogeneous static magnetic fields that are confined between two parallel planes where turbulent Hartmann layers are present. This is achieved by modelling the wall shear stress in these layers using the Prandtl's mixing length model, as did the authors of Albousssière \& Lingwood (Phys. Fluids, 2000). The idea for this new model arose from the failure of previous shallow water models that assumed a laminar Hartmann layer to recover the correct amount of dissipation found in some regimes of the MATUR experiment. This experiment, conducted by the authors of Messadek \& Moreau (J. Fluid Mech. 2002), consisted of a thin layer of mercury electrically driven in differential rotation in a transverse magnetic field. Numerical Simulations of our new model in the configuration of this experiment allowed us to recover experimental values of both the global angular momentum and the local velocity up to a few percent when the Hartmann layer was in a sufficiently well developed turbulent state. We thus provide an evidence that the unexplained level of dissipation observed in MATUR in these specific regimes was caused by turbulence in the Hartmann layers. A parametric analysis of the flow, made possible by the simplicity of our model, also revealed that turbulent friction in the Hartmann layer prevented quasi-2D turbulence from becoming more intense and limited the size of the large scales.
The Influence of Macroeconomic Variables on the Hungarian Agriculture
Creators: name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
name: Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan
name: Ferto, Imre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: agricultural prices
subject: exchange rates
subject: monetary shocks
subject: overshooting
subject: transition economy

description: This paper focus on the time adjustment paths of the exchange rate and prices in response to unanticipated monetary shocks following model developed by Saghaian et al. (2002). We employ Johansen's cointegration test along with a vector error correction model to investigate whether agricultural prices overshoot in a transition economy. The empirical results indicate that agricultural prices adjust faster than industrial prices to innovations in the money supply, affecting relative prices in the short run, but strict long-run money neutrality does not hold.
OWS CoVPN COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Trial Immune Correlates Statistical Analysis Plan
Creators: name: CoVPN Biostatistics Team
name: Gilbert, Peter B.
name: Youyi Fong
name: Benkeser, David
name: Andriesen, Jessica
name: Bhavesh Borate
name: Carone, Marco
name: Carpp, Lindsay N.
name: Diaz, Ivan
name: Fay, Michael P.
name: Hejazi, Nima S.
name: Huang, Ying
name: Yunda Huang
name: Hyrien, Ollivier
name: Janes, Holly E.
name: Juraska, Michal
name: Li, Kendrick
name: Luedtke, Alex
name: Nason, Martha
name: Randhawa, April K.
name: Laan, Lars Van Der
name: Williamson, Brian
name: Wenbo Zhang
name: Follmann, Dean
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10402 Biostatistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 110399 Clinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Diseases

description: This Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) describes the statistical analysis of antibody markers measured at a key time point post last vaccination as correlates of risk and as various types of correlates of protection against primary and secondary endpoints in COVID-19 Prevention Network (CoVPN) COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) trials.
Can U.S. Farm Subsidies Be Bought Out?
Creators: name: Orden, David
name: Orden, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Achieving substantial agricultural trade liberalization has proven elusive in the Doha Round. This paper examines policy reforms the United States might adopt to facilitate progress. The focus is on whether decoupling can be made more convincing through a long-term buyout that would end farm subsidies. Buyouts have not been feasible in the past but recent reforms for several specialty crops provide evidence of what might be done and the conditions under which it occurs. Although the political-economy conditions may not be conducive to such a buyout yet, estimates are provided of the potential cost of a buyout of the main U.S. farm support subsidies of direct fixed and counter-cyclical payments.
New type of rogue waves
Creators: name: Ustinov, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35C05, 35C08

description: New type of localized solutions for the two-dimensional multicomponent Yajima-Oikawa system is presented. The dynamics of solutions of this type occurs on the zero background and is similar to that of rogue waves.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, supplemental material
Determining the Impact of Food Price and Income Changes on Obesity
Creators: name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Tyner, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: Despite the significant rise in obesity in the U.S., economic research on obesity is still in its infancy. This paper employs a microeconomic approach to investigate the effects of price and income changes on weight in an effort to determine how a high-calorie food tax, a low-calorie food subsidy, and/or an income changes affect body weight. Although raising the price of high-calorie food typically will likely lead to decreased demand for such goods; it is not clear that such an outcome will actually reduce weight. The model developed in this paper identifies conditions under which price and income changes are mostly likely to actually result in a weight loss. The model is easily implemented using data on own-and cross-price elasticities that are often readily available from extant literature. This is important because survey data that contain both economic information, such as food prices, and weight are extremely rare. Information on relationship between price and weight is critical in developing appropriate public policy and in determining when and where fat taxes, thin subsidies or income re-distribution will achieve the desired objective of reducing obesity.
Cultures of resistance : identity, politicization and health promotion among lesbian activists in Vancouver, B.C.
Creators: name: Hudspith, Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the relationship between activism, identity and well-being among a small group of lesbian activists in Vancouver, B.C. It explores the idea of the margin as a site of resistance, highlighting the connection between (stigmatized) identities and resilience. The relationship between activism and mental and physical wellbeing is explored, political consciousness and social justice work being named as key determinants of health. Individual interviews with 7 lesbians (the author included) who have been active in social justice work were conducted, as well as a focus group. A self-reflective exercise was also undertaken to capture the researcher's thoughts and feelings throughout the process. This project highlights the power of identity, however shifting and unstable it may be, in the lives of lesbian activists. Their narratives disrupt Utopian visions of lesbian communities as ideologically homogeneous, stable and nurturing; Depicted is a more complex image of activist networks where differential power relations exist and certain subjectivities are privileged. Activism, despite having a negative impact on physical health, was seen to be beneficial for mental well-being, increasing the participants' sense of purpose, connection, and power.
The initial stage of cloud lightning imaged in high-resolution
Creators: name: Scholten, O.
name: Hare, B. M.
name: Dwyer, J.
name: Sterpka, C.
name: Kolmašová, I.
name: Santolík, O.
name: Lán, R.
name: Uhlíř, L.
name: Buitink, S.
name: Corstanje, A.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Huege, T.
name: Hörandel, J. R.
name: Krampah, G. K.
name: Mitra, P.
name: Mulrey, K.
name: Nelles, A.
name: Pandya, H.
name: Pel, A.
name: Rachen, J. P.
name: Trinh, T. N. G.
name: ter Veen, S.
name: Thoudam, S.
name: Winchen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With LOFAR we have been able to image the development of lightning flashes with meter-scale accuracy and unprecedented detail. We discuss the primary steps behind our most recent lightning mapping method. To demonstrate the capabilities of our technique we show and interpret images of the first few milliseconds of two intra-cloud flashes. In all our flashes the negative leaders propagate in the charge layer below the main negative charge. Among several interesting features we show that in about 2~ms after initiation the Primary Initial Leader triggers the formation of a multitude (more than ten) negative leaders in a rather confined area of the atmosphere. From these only one or two continue to propagate after about 30~ms to extend over kilometers horizontally while another may propagate back to the initiation point. We also show that normal negative leaders can transition into an initial-leader like state, potentially in the presence of strong electric fields. In addition, we show some initial breakdown pulses that occurred during the primary initial leader, and even during two "secondary" initial leaders that developed out of stepped leaders.
description: Submitted to Journal of geophysics research: Atmospheres
Das Diagonalenwinkelproblem beim Parallelogramm
Creators: name: Schröer, Harald
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Diagonale, Winkel Parallelogramm,Fläche ,Seite, Kreis, Radius,Seiten-Diagonalensatz

description: Gegeben sind die Diagonalen und die Winkel eines Parallelogramm, die übrigen Größen werden berechnet. Zwei Beweise des Seiten-Diagonalensatzes werden gegeben.
Approximately Optimal Controllers for Quantitative Two-Phase Reach-Avoid Problems on Nonlinear Systems
Creators: name: Weber, Alexander
name: Knoll, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 49M25 (Primary) 49N35, 93C10, 93C30, 93C55, 93C57 (Secondary)

description: The present work deals with quantitative two-phase reach-avoid problems on nonlinear control systems. This class of optimal control problem requires the plant's state to visit two (rather than one) target sets in succession while minimizing a prescribed cost functional. As we illustrate, the naive approach, which subdivides the problem into the two evident classical reach-avoid tasks, usually does not result in an optimal solution. In contrast, we prove that an optimal controller is obtained by consecutively solving two special quantitative reach-avoid problems. In addition, we present a fully-automated method based on Symbolic Optimal Control to practically synthesize for the considered problem class approximately optimal controllers for sampled-data nonlinear plants. Experimental results on parcel delivery and on an aircraft routing mission confirm the practicality of our method.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
SUPERMARKET PRICING AND GAME THEORY: THE PRESENCE OF WAL-MART
Creators: name: Jones, Eugene
name: Jones, Eugene
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Wal-Mart is a giant in the grocery industry and its influence is growing at a rapid pace. Despite Wal-Mart's success with Everyday Low Pricing (EDLP), there is little to no evidence to suggest that other supermarket chains wish to follow a similar path. Why? This research addresses this question.
A Decade of Social Bot Detection
Creators: name: Cresci, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: On the morning of November 9th 2016, the world woke up to the shocking outcome of the US Presidential elections: Donald Trump was the 45th President of the United States of America. An unexpected event that still has tremendous consequences all over the world. Today, we know that a minority of social bots, automated social media accounts mimicking humans, played a central role in spreading divisive messages and disinformation, possibly contributing to Trump's victory. In the aftermath of the 2016 US elections, the world started to realize the gravity of widespread deception in social media. Following Trump's exploit, we witnessed to the emergence of a strident dissonance between the multitude of efforts for detecting and removing bots, and the increasing effects that these malicious actors seem to have on our societies. This paradox opens a burning question: What strategies should we enforce in order to stop this social bot pandemic? In these times, during the run-up to the 2020 US elections, the question appears as more crucial than ever. What stroke social, political and economic analysts after 2016, deception and automation, has been however a matter of study for computer scientists since at least 2010. In this work, we briefly survey the first decade of research in social bot detection. Via a longitudinal analysis, we discuss the main trends of research in the fight against bots, the major results that were achieved, and the factors that make this never-ending battle so challenging. Capitalizing on lessons learned from our extensive analysis, we suggest possible innovations that could give us the upper hand against deception and manipulation. Studying a decade of endeavours at social bot detection can also inform strategies for detecting and mitigating the effects of other, more recent, forms of online deception, such as strategic information operations and political trolls.
description: Forthcoming in Communications of the ACM
A two-level Kriging-based approach with active learning for solving time-variant risk optimization problems
Creators: name: Kroetz, H. M.
name: Moustapha, M.
name: Beck, A. T.
name: Sudret, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Several methods have been proposed in the literature to solve reliability-based optimization problems, where failure probabilities are design constraints. However, few methods address the problem of life-cycle cost or risk optimization, where failure probabilities are part of the objective function. Moreover, few papers in the literature address time-variant reliability problems in life-cycle cost or risk optimization formulations; in particular, because most often computationally expensive Monte Carlo simulation is required. This paper proposes a numerical framework for solving general risk optimization problems involving time-variant reliability analysis. To alleviate the computational burden of Monte Carlo simulation, two adaptive coupled surrogate models are used: the first one to approximate the objective function, and the second one to approximate the quasi-static limit state function. An iterative procedure is implemented for choosing additional support points to increase the accuracy of the surrogate models. Three application problems are used to illustrate the proposed approach. Two examples involve random load and random resistance degradation processes. The third problem is related to load-path dependent failures. This subject had not yet been addressed in the context of risk-based optimization. It is shown herein that accurate solutions are obtained, with extremely limited numbers of objective function and limit state functions calls.
Finsler Geometries from Topological Electromagnetism
Creators: name: Crişan, Adina V.
name: Vancea, Ion V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the Finsler geometries of the kinematic space of spinless and spinning electrically charged particles in an external Rañada field. We consider the most general actions that are invariant under the Lorentz, electromagnetic gauge and reparametrization transformations. The Finsler geometries form a set parametrized by the gauge fields in each case. We give a simple method to calculate the fundamental objects of the Finsler geometry of the kinematic space of a particle in a generic electromagnetic field. Then we apply this method to calculate the geodesic equations of the spinless and spinning particles. Also, we show that the electromagnetic duality in the Rañada background induces a simple dual map in the set of Finsler geometries. The duality map has a simple interpretation in terms of an electrically charged particle that interacts with the electromagnetic potential and a magnetically charged particle that interacts with the dual magnetoelectric potential. We exemplify the action of the duality map by calculating the dual geodesic equation.
description: 24 pages
Chaotic dynamics of the elliptical stadium billiard in the full parameter space
Creators: name: Lopac, V.
name: Mrkonjic, I.
name: Pavin, N.
name: Radic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical properties of the elliptical stadium billiard, which is a generalization of the stadium billiard and a special case of the recently introduced mushroom billiards, are investigated analytically and numerically. In dependence on two shape parameters delta and gamma, this system reveals a rich interplay of integrable, mixed and fully chaotic behavior. Poincare sections, the box counting method and the stability analysis determine the structure of the parameter space and the borders between regions with different behavior. Results confirm the existence of a large fully chaotic region surrounding the straight line delta=1-gamma corresponding to the Bunimovich circular stadium billiard. Bifurcations due to the hour-glass and multidiamond orbits are described. For the quantal elliptical stadium billiard, statistical properties of the level spacing fluctuations are examined and compared with classical results.
description: REVTEX4: 19 pages; JPG: 18 figures
HEDGING CLASS I MILK: THE "ACCELERATION" AND "MOVER" EFFECT
Creators: name: Zylstra, Michael J.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Uryasev, Stanislav
name: Zylstra, Michael J.
name: Kilmer, Richard L.
name: Uryasev, Stanislav
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A volatile closing basis prevents class I hedgers from locking in a minimum price. The closing basis is composed of an "acceleration" and "mover" effect. The mover effect always works to the producer's advantage unlike the acceleration effect. This research discusses hedging strategies to minimize the acceleration effect.
A Pathway for Collisional Planetesimal Growth in the Ice-Dominant Regions of Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Yunerman, Elizabeth
name: Powell, Diana
name: Murray-Clay, Ruth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semi-analytic model for the growth, drift, desorption, and fragmentation of millimeter- to meter-sized particles in protoplanetary disks. Fragmentation occurs where particle collision velocities exceed critical fragmentation velocities. Using this criterion, we produce fragmentation regions in disk orbital radius-particle size phase space for particles with a range of material properties, structures, and compositions (including SiO$_2$, Mg$_2$SiO$_4$, H$_2$O, CO$_2$, and CO). For reasonable disk conditions, compact aggregate H$_2$O, CO$_2$, and CO ice particles do not reach destructive relative velocities and are thus not likely to undergo collisional fragmentation. Uncoated silicate particles are more susceptible to collisional destruction and are expected to fragment in the inner disk, consistent with previous work. We then calculate the growth, drift, and sublimation of small particles, initially located in the outer disk. We find that ice-coated particles can avoid fragmentation as they grow and drift inward under a substantial range of disk conditions as long as the particles are aggregates composed of 0.1 $μ$m-sized monomers. Such particles may undergo runaway growth in disk regions abundant in H$_2$O or CO$_2$ ice depending on the assumed disk temperature structure. These results indicate that icy collisional growth to planetesimally-relevant sizes may happen efficiently throughout a disk's lifetime, and is particularly robust at early times when the disk's dust-to-gas ratio is comparable to that of the interstellar medium.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, accepted to ApJ
The role of intraband dynamics in the generation of circularly polarized high harmonics from solids
Creators: name: Klemke, Nicolai
name: Tancogne-Dejean, Nicolas
name: Rubio, Angel
name: Kärtner, Franz X.
name: Mücke, Oliver D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have demonstrated that the polarization states of high harmonics from solids can differ from those of the driving pulses. To gain insights on the microscopic origin of this behavior, we perform one-particle intraband-only calculations and reproduce some of the most striking observations. For instance, our calculations yield circularly polarized harmonics from elliptically polarized pulses that sensitively depend on the driving conditions. Furthermore, we perform experiments on ZnS and find partly similar characteristics as reported from silicon. Comparison to our intraband-only calculations shows reasonable qualitative agreement for a below-band-gap harmonic. We show that intraband dynamics predict depolarization effects for higher field strengths. For harmonics above the band gap, interband dynamics become important and the high-harmonic response to elliptical excitation looks systematically different. Our work proposes a method to distinguish between different high-harmonic generation mechanisms and it could pave the way to compact solid-state high-harmonic sources with controllable polarization states.
Doping dependence of density response and bond-stretching phonons in cuprates
Creators: name: Horsch, Peter
name: Khaliullin, Giniyat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explain the anomalous doping dependence of zone boundary $(π,0)$ and $(π,π)$ bond-stretching phonons in the high-temperature superconductor La$_{2-δ}$Sr$_δ$CuO$_4$ in the doping range $0
description: 2 pages, 3 figures, SCES conference, Karlsruhe 2004
Cosmological parameter estimation with Genetic Algorithms
Creators: name: Medel-Esquivel, Ricardo
name: Gómez-Vargas, Isidro
name: Sánchez, Alejandro A. Morales
name: García-Salcedo, Ricardo
name: Vázquez, J. Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Genetic algorithms are a powerful tool in optimization for single and multi-modal functions. This paper provides an overview of their fundamentals with some analytical examples. In addition, we explore how they can be used as a parameter estimation tool in cosmological models to maximize the likelihood function, complementing the analysis with the traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We analyze that genetic algorithms provide fast estimates by focusing on maximizing the likelihood function, although they cannot provide confidence regions with the same statistical meaning as Bayesian approaches. Moreover, we show that implementing sharing and niching techniques ensures an effective exploration of the parameter space, even in the presence of local optima, always helping to find the global optima. This approach is invaluable in the cosmological context, where exhaustive space exploration of parameters is essential. We use dark energy models to exemplify the use of genetic algorithms in cosmological parameter estimation, including a multimodal problem, and we also show how to use the output of a genetic algorithm to obtain derived cosmological functions. This paper concludes that genetic algorithms are a handy tool within cosmological data analysis, without replacing the traditional Bayesian methods but providing different advantages.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures; matches version published in Universe
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES TO MITIGATE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF WEATHER UNCERTAINTY IN EFFLUENT APPLICATION TO IRRIGATED CORN IN SEMIARID REGIONS
Creators: name: Kizer, Michael A.
name: Stoecker, Arthur L.
name: Carreira, Rita I.
name: Hattey, Jeffory A.
name: Kizer, Michael A.
name: Stoecker, Arthur L.
name: Carreira, Rita I.
name: Hattey, Jeffory A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This study compares subsurface drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation with respect to expected returns, aquifer life, nutrient utilization and accumulation in the production of irrigated corn using swine effluent and fresh groundwater from a depleting aquifer in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Most of the equations estimated econometrically had heteroskedasticity problems and MLE was used. The econometric estimation of a PDF of ammonia volatilization dependent on amount of nitrogen applied, for each irrigation system, was successful and is the basis for developing a stochastic chain for the soil nitrogen carryover equation. The results of the stochastic dynamic programming model are still being developed and will be presented at the conference.
Kantzenbach, F. W., Zur Deutung der kontroverstheologischen Problematik
Creators: name: Valeske, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 12 Nr. 3 (1963): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 12, Heft 3
The $κ$-cookbook: a novel generalizing approach to unify $κ$-like distributions for plasma particle modeling
Creators: name: Scherer, Klaus
name: Husidic, Edin
name: Lazar, Marian
name: Fichtner, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the literature different so-called $κ$-distribution functions are discussed to fit and model the velocity (or energy) distributions of solar wind species, pickup ions or magnetospheric particles. Here we introduce a generalized (isotropic) $κ$-distribution as a "cookbook", which admits as special cases, or "recipes", all the other known versions of $κ$-models. A detailed analysis of the generalized distribution function is performed, providing general analytical expressions for the velocity moments, Debye length, and entropy, and pointing out a series of general requirements that plasma distribution functions should satisfy. From a contrasting analysis of the recipes found in the literature, we show that all of them lead to almost the same macroscopic parameters with a small standard deviation between them. However, one of these recipes called the regularized $κ$-distribution provides a functional alternative for macroscopic parameterization without any constraint for the power-law exponent $κ$.
description: 20 pager, 9 Figures
Impact of the transverse direction on the many-body tunneling dynamics in a two-dimensional bosonic Josephson junction
Creators: name: Bhowmik, Anal
name: Halder, Sudip Kumar
name: Alon, Ofir E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling in a many-body system appears as one of the novel implications of quantum physics, in which particles move in space under an otherwise classically-forbidden potential barrier. Here, we theoretically describe the quantum dynamics of the tunneling phenomenon of a few intricate bosonic clouds in a closed system of a two-dimensional symmetric double-well potential. We examine how the inclusion of the transverse direction, orthogonal to the junction of the double-well, can intervene in the tunneling dynamics of bosonic clouds. We use a well-known many-body numerical method, called the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree for bosons (MCTDHB) method. MCTDHB allows one to obtain accurately the time-dependent many-particle wavefunction of the bosons which in principle entails all the information of interest about the system under investigation. We analyze the tunneling dynamics by preparing the initial state of the bosonic clouds in the left well of the double-well either as the ground, longitudinally or transversely excited, or a vortex state. We unravel the detailed mechanism of the tunneling process by analyzing the evolution in time of the survival probability, depletion and fragmentation, and the many-particle position, momentum, and angular-momentum expectation values and their variances. As a general rule, all objects lose coherence while tunneling through the barrier and the states which include transverse excitations do so faster. Implications are briefly discussed.
description: 20 Figures, 47 pages
A microstate for the 3-charge black ring
Creators: name: Giusto, Stefano
name: Mathur, Samir D.
name: Srivastava, Yogesh K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start with a 2-charge D1-D5 BPS geometry that has the shape of a ring; this geometry is regular everywhere. In the dual CFT there exists a perturbation that creates one unit of excitation for left movers, and thus adds one unit of momentum P. This implies that there exists a corresponding normalizable perturbation on the near-ring D1-D5 geometry. We find this perturbation, and observe that it is smooth everywhere. We thus find an example of `hair' for the black ring carrying three charges -- D1, D5 and one unit of P. The near-ring geometry of the D1-D5 supertube can be dualized to a D6 brane carrying fluxes corresponding to the `true' charges, while the quantum of P dualizes to a D0 brane. We observe that the fluxes on the D6 brane are at the threshold between bound and unbound states of D0-D6, and our wavefunction helps us learn something about binding at this threshold.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures; references added
DESIGNING WETLAND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE
Creators: name: Li, Jiayi
name: Marshall, Elizabeth P.
name: Shortle, James S.
name: Ready, Richard C.
name: Hershner, Carlton
name: Li, Jiayi
name: Marshall, Elizabeth P.
name: Shortle, James S.
name: Ready, Richard C.
name: Hershner, Carlton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: A methodology for evaluating public wetlands conservation investments that considers climate change is developed and applied to Virginia's Elizabeth River watershed. A revised cellular automaton (CA) model is applied to project future land use change. Discrete stochastic sequential programming (DSSP) is used to model a parcel-based discrete-time decision process.
Large longitudinal magnetoresistance of multivalley systems
Creators: name: Mitani, Yuki
name: Fuseya, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The longitudinal magnetoresistance (MR) is assumed to be hardly realized as the Lorentz force does not work on electrons when the magnetic field is parallel to the current. However, in some cases, longitudinal MR becomes large, which exceeds the transverse MR. To solve this problem, we have investigated the longitudinal MR considering multivalley contributions based on the classical MR theory. We have showed that the large longitudinal MR is caused by off-diagonal components of a mobility tensor. Our theoretical results agree with the experiments of large longitudinal MR in IV-VI semiconductors, especially in PbTe, for a wide range of temperatures, except for linear MR at low temperatures.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures