cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sub-micrometer epitaxial Josephson junctions for quantum circuits
Creators: name: Kline, Jeffrey S.
name: Vissers, Michael R.
name: da Silva, Fabio C. S.
name: Wisbey, David S.
name: Weides, Martin
name: Weir, Terence J.
name: Turek, Benjamin
name: Braje, Danielle A.
name: Oliver, William D.
name: Shalibo, Yoni
name: Katz, Nadav
name: Johnson, Blake R.
name: Ohki, Thomas A.
name: Pappas, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fabrication scheme and testing results for epitaxial sub-micrometer Josephson junctions. The junctions are made using a high-temperature (1170 K) "via process" yielding junctions as small as 0.8 mu m in diameter by use of optical lithography. Sapphire (Al2O3) tunnel-barriers are grown on an epitaxial Re/Ti multilayer base-electrode. We have fabricated devices with both Re and Al top electrodes. While room-temperature (295 K) resistance versus area data are favorable for both types of top electrodes, the low-temperature (50 mK) data show that junctions with the Al top electrode have a much higher subgap resistance. The microwave loss properties of the junctions have been measured by use of superconducting Josephson junction qubits. The results show that high subgap resistance correlates to improved qubit performance.
Prenatal Screening Using Maternal Markers
Creators: name: Cuckle, Howard Stephen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Human chromosome abnormalities
Congenital heart disease
Preeclampsia
Fragile X syndrome
Prenatal diagnosis
Neural tube--Abnormalities
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: Maternal markers are widely used to screen for fetal neural tube defects (NTDs), chromosomal abnormalities and cardiac defects. Some are beginning to broaden prenatal screening to include pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia. The methods initially developed for NTDs using a single marker have since been built upon to develop high performance multi-maker tests for chromosomal abnormalities. Although cell-free DNA testing is still too expensive to be considered for routine application in public health settings, it can be cost-effective when used in combination with existing multi-maker marker tests. The established screening methods can be readily applied in the first trimester to identify pregnancies at high risk of pre-eclampsia and offer prevention though aspirin treatment. Prenatal screening for fragile X syndrome might be adopted more widely if the test was to be framed as a form of maternal marker screening.
Nutritional Counseling in Survivors of Childhood Cancer: An Essential Component of Survivorship Care
Creators: name: Ladas, Elena J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cancer--Nutritional aspects
Cancer--Patients--Nutrition
Cancer in children--Treatment
Children--Nutrition
Cancer in children
Nutrition
Oncology

description: There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that nutritional status during treatment for cancer has a significant impact on treatment-related toxicities and outcomes among children and adolescents with cancer. The effects of nutritional status appear to extend into survivorship with a large proportion of survivors at risk for a variety of nutrition-related morbidities. The influence of dietary intake on overall treatment outcomes and long-term morbidities is largely unknown. In adults, evidence suggests that greater adherence to cancer prevention dietary guidelines improves long-term health outcomes among survivors of cancer. Surveys describing dietary intake among survivors of childhood cancer have found that most survivors are not meeting the recommended guidelines for many dietary nutrients and this may have an unfavorable effect on nutrition-related outcomes. However, more research is needed in this area so that well-designed clinical trials may be developed and tested. This review presents an overview of the existing literature describing dietary intake among survivors of childhood cancer, the clinical implications of reported dietary behaviors among survivors, and identifies areas for future research.
Automated Text Data Mining Analysis of Five Decades of Educational Leadership Research Literature: Probabilistic Topic Modeling of EAQ Articles from 1965 to 2014
Creators: name: Wang, Yinying
name: Bowers, Alex J.
name: Fikis, David J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Database management
Mathematical models
Educational leadership
Education

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the underlying topics and the topic evolution in the 50-year history of educational leadership research literature. Method: We used automated text data mining with probabilistic latent topic models to examine the full text of the entire publication history of all 1,539 articles published in Educational Administration Quarterly (EAQ) from 1965 to 2014. Given the computationally intensive data analysis required by probabilistic topic models, relying on high-performance computing, we used a 10-fold cross-validation to estimate the model in which we categorized each article in each year into one of 19 latent topics and illustrated the rise and fall of topics over the EAQ’s 50-year history. Findings: Our model identified a total of 19 topics from the 1965 to 2014 EAQ corpus. Among them, five topics—inequity and social justice, female leadership, school leadership preparation and development, trust, and teaching and instructional leadership—gained research attention over the 50-year time period, whereas the research interest appears to have declined for the topic of epistemology of educational leadership since the 2000s. Other topics waxed and waned over the past five decades. Implications: This study maps the temporal terrain of topics in the educational leadership field over the past 50 years and sheds new light on the development and current status of the central topics in educational leadership research literature. More important, the panoramic view of topical landscape provides a unique backdrop as scholars contemplate the future of educational leadership research.
Canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field interacting with a moving dielectric
Creators: name: Horsley, S. A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic field is canonically quantized in the presence of a linear, dispersive and dissipative medium that is in uniform motion. Specifically we calculate the change in the normal modes of the coupled matter-field system and find a Hamiltonian that contains negative energy normal modes. We interpret these modes as the origin of phenomena such as quantum friction, and find that a detector initially in its ground state and coupled to the electromagnetic field in the vicinity of, or within a uniformly moving medium has a non-zero probability of excitation at T=0K.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Social, structural, behavioral and clinical factors influencing retention in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) care in Mississippi
Creators: name: Arnold, Trisha
name: Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren
name: Chan, Philip A.
name: Perez-Brumer, Amaya
name: Bologna, Estefany S.
name: Beauchamps, Laura
name: Johnson, Kendra
name: Mena, Leandro
name: Nunn, Amy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: HIV infections--Epidemiology
HIV (Viruses)--Prevention
Young gay men
HIV infections—Prevention
Medicine

description: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention that can reduce rates of HIV transmission when taken once daily by HIV-negative individuals. Little is understood about PrEP uptake and retention in care among the populations most heavily impacted by the HIV epidemic, particularly among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in the Deep South. Therefore, this study explored the structural, social, behavioral, and clinical factors that affect PrEP use and retention in care among YMSM in Jackson, Mississippi. Thirty MSM who were prescribed PrEP at an outpatient primary care clinic were interviewed and included 23 men who had been retained in PrEP care and seven who had not been retained. The mean age of participants was 26.6 years. Most (23) participants were African American. Major factors affecting PrEP use and retention in PrEP care included 1) structural factors such as cost and access to financial assistance for medications and clinical services; 2) social factors such as stigma and relationship status; 3) behavioral factors including sexual risk behaviors; and 4) clinical factors such as perceived and actual side effects. Many participants also discussed the positive spillover effects of PrEP use and reported that PrEP had a positive impact on their health. Four of the seven individuals who had not been retained re-enrolled in PrEP care after completing their interviews, suggesting that case management and ongoing outreach can enhance retention in PrEP care. Interventions to enhance retention in PrEP care among MSM in the Deep South will be most effective if they address the complex structural, social, clinical, and behavioral factors that influence PrEP uptake and retention in PrEP care.
Magnetotransport through graphene nanoribbons at high magnetic fields
Creators: name: Minke, S.
name: Jhang, S. H.
name: Wurm, J.
name: Skourski, Y.
name: Wosnitza, J.
name: Strunk, C.
name: Weiss, D.
name: Richter, K.
name: Eroms, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the magnetoresistance of lithographically prepared single-layer graphene nanoribbons in pulsed, perpendicular magnetic fields up to 60 T and performed corresponding transport simulations using a tight-binding model and several types of disorder. In experiment, at high carrier densities we observe Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations and the quantum Hall effect, while at low densities the oscillations disappear and an initially negative magnetoresistance becomes strongly positive at high magnetic fields. The strong resistance increase at very high fields and low carrier densities is tentatively ascribed to a field-induced insulating state in the bulk graphene leads. Comparing numerical results and experiment, we demonstrate that at least edge disorder and bulk short-range impurities are important in our samples.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, revised version to match published version. First author changed her last name from Schmidmeier to Minke
ERICC Helpdesk Report _ Understanding the current state and sustainability of the Data Hubs in North East Nigeria
Creators: name: ERICC Consortium
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: In Nigeria, many initiatives have attempted to improve data on learners, educators, school infrastructure and facilities. Data Hubs were established across different states to ensure a systematic, reliable and regular collection of quality data that can be accessed and used for education planning and response to crisis. These hubs are office spaces equipped with the appropriate technology, competent staff, and clear guidelines concerning data collection from learning centres and the provision of accessible data and feedback on data to users and providers respectively.This request seeks to inform decision-making within the Education Can’t Wait (ECW) operations in Nigeria, and broader government/development partner engagement on education data management systems, by understanding whether and how the Data Hubs increase coherence of and access to data, at what cost, and with what impact.The request encompasses the following research questions:1. Since the closure of the Addressing Education in North East Nigeria (AENN) programme in 2021, to what extent did the Data Hubs established in Local Government Education Authorities (LGEAs) in Borno and Yobe State remain functional and staffed, fulfilling their role to greatly enhance data flows and use for education decision making? How sustainable in practice were they and how did they evolve and adapt to shifts in context, demand and additional support provision?2. To what extent did education Data Hubs integrate and support broader humanitarian data tracking and support systems with government and EiEWG/development partners in North East Nigeria?3. What conclusions can be drawn on the utility and potential for LGEA-focused Data Hubs to enhance education data systems and humanitarian data flows in Northern Nigeria, that have varying insecurity and education management capacity gaps? What are the trade-offs in focusing education data management capacity and resources at individual, school, LGEA, and state levels - how could Data Hubs be adapted to fulfil a major role in future education data systems, and is LGEA the optimal location to house them?
Additional file 1 of Effect of butorphanol on visceral pain in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Xinyan
name: Liu, Haiyang
name: Han, Ruquan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Heidegger and the festival of being : from the bridal festival to the round dance
Creators: name: Warnes, Mathias
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: This dissertation consists in a hermeneutical-phenomenological and being-historical investigation of the time-play-space of “the festival” in the Collected Works of the philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). After introducing the scope and limits of the research within the primary and secondary literatures, followed by an interpretation of the festival in the 1920s, I show how the festival becomes prominent in the mid-1930s by way of Heidegger’s first sustained reading of Hölderlin, where the theme of the “bridal festival” of humans and gods first emerges, and next in “The Origin of the Work of Art” essay, which mentions “the festival of thinking.” From these two texts the festival then extends its resonances throughout the later writings, and culminates after 1946 in a thinking of the “round dance.” I focus on the bridal festival as a) the initiatory event of tragic being; b) the fissuring clasping of unbound demigods; and, c) the central thought of Heidegger’s being-historical thinking of the Greek gods and possible future for Hesperia.
SUN'IY INTELLEKT YORDAMIDA TABIIY RESURSLARDAN SAMARALI FOYDALANISH STRATEGIYALARI
Creators: name: Qodirov, Farrux
name: Turayeva, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Tabiiy resurslardan samarali foydalanish zamonaviy dunyoda asosiy muammolardan biridir. Aholi sonining o‘sishi, sanoat rivojlanishi va resurslarga bo‘lgan talabning ortishi tabiiy boyliklarni asrash va ulardan oqilona foydalanish strategiyalarini ishlab chiqishni talab qilmoqda. Bu jarayonda sun’iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalaridan foydalanish dolzarb ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Quyida sun’iy intellekt yordamida tabiiy resurslardan samarali foydalanish strategiyalari haqida fikr yuritiladi.
Elevated GM3 plasma concentration in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease: A lipidomic analysis
Creators: name: Chan, Robin Barry
name: Perotte, Adler J.
name: Zhou, Bowen
name: Liong, Christopher
name: Shorr, Evan Jack
name: Marder, Karen
name: Kang, Un
name: Waters, Cheryl H.
name: Levy, Oren Abraham
name: Xu, Yimeng
name: Shim, Hong Bin
name: Pe’er, Itsik
name: Di Paolo, Gilbert
name: Alcalay, Roy Nissim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nervous system--Degeneration
subject: Parkinson's disease--Pathophysiology
subject: Parkinson's disease
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease whose pathological hallmark is the accumulation of intracellular α-synuclein aggregates in Lewy bodies. Lipid metabolism dysregulation may play a significant role in PD pathogenesis; however, large plasma lipidomic studies in PD are lacking. In the current study, we analyzed the lipidomic profile of plasma obtained from 150 idiopathic PD patients and 100 controls, taken from the ‘Spot’ study at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. Our mass spectrometry based analytical panel consisted of 520 lipid species from 39 lipid subclasses including all major classes of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids and sterols. Each lipid species was analyzed using a logistic regression model. The plasma concentrations of two lipid subclasses, triglycerides and monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3), were different between PD and control participants. GM3 ganglioside concentration had the most significant difference between PD and controls (1.531±0.037 pmol/μl versus 1.337±0.040 pmol/μl respectively; p-value = 5.96E-04; q-value = 0.048; when normalized to total lipid: p-value = 2.890E-05; q-value = 2.933E-03). Next, we used a collection of 20 GM3 and glucosylceramide (GlcCer) species concentrations normalized to total lipid to perform a ROC curve analysis, and found that these lipids compare favorably with biomarkers reported in previous studies (AUC = 0.742 for males, AUC = 0.644 for females). Our results suggest that higher plasma GM3 levels are associated with PD. GM3 lies in the same glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway as GlcCer, a substrate of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase, which has been associated with PD. These findings are consistent with previous reports implicating lower glucocerebrosidase activity with PD risk.
Gravitational radiation from compact binary systems in the massive Brans-Dicke theory of gravity
Creators: name: Alsing, Justin
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Will, Clifford M.
name: Zaglauer, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the equations of motion, the periastron shift, and the gravitational radiation damping for quasicircular compact binaries in a massive variant of the Brans-Dicke theory of gravity. We also study the Shapiro time delay and the Nordtvedt effect in this theory. By comparing with recent observational data, we put bounds on the two parameters of the theory: the Brans-Dicke coupling parameter ω_{BD} and the scalar mass m_s. We find that the most stringent bounds come from Cassini measurements of the Shapiro time delay in the Solar System, that yield a lower bound ω_{BD}>40000 for scalar masses m_s<2.5x10^{-20} eV, to 95% confidence. In comparison, observations of the Nordtvedt effect using Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) experiments yield ω_{BD}>1000 for m_s<2.5x10^{-20} eV. Observations of the orbital period derivative of the quasicircular white dwarf-neutron star binary PSR J1012+5307 yield ω_{BD}>1250 for m_s<10^{-20} eV. A first estimate suggests that bounds comparable to the Shapiro time delay may come from observations of radiation damping in the eccentric white dwarf-neutron star binary PSR J1141-6545, but a quantitative prediction requires the extension of our work to eccentric orbits.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. Added new Appendix and slightly rephrased section on Shapiro time delay. Matches version in press in PRD
Additional file 1 of Single-nuclei chromatin profiling of ventral midbrain reveals cell identity transcription factors and cell-type-specific gene regulatory variation
Creators: name: Gui, Yujuan
name: Grzyb, Kamil
name: Thomas, Mélanie H.
name: Ohnmacht, Jochen
name: Garcia, Pierre
name: Buttini, Manuel
name: Skupin, Alexander
name: Sauter, Thomas
name: Sinkkonen, Lasse
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. snATAC-seq on ventral midbrains of C57BL/6J and A/J revealed cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility. Figure S2. H3K27ac ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq correlating with gene expression. Figure S3. Differential peaks can reveal strain-specific TFs.
W+n-jet predictions at the Large Hadron Collider at next-to-leading order matched with a parton shower
Creators: name: Hoeche, Stefan
name: Krauss, Frank
name: Schonherr, Marek
name: Siegert, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the first time, differential cross sections for the production of W-bosons in conjunction with up to three jets, computed at next-to leading order in QCD and including parton shower corrections, are presented and compared to recent experimental data from the Large Hadron Collider.
description: 4 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, v2 as published in PRL
AHILA Data Workshop 2023 Session 7: Principles of Effective Data Visualization
Creators: name: Carson, Matt
name: Gutzman, Karen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is an introduction to best practices for creating visualizations and illustrations that effectively communicate research ideas and data stories to a variety of audience types. Topics include: reasons to visualize data, chart types, use cases, tools & resources, accessible design, and ethical practices.
Berkeley Supernova Ia Program III: Spectra Near Maximum Brightness Improve the Accuracy of Derived Distances to Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Silverman, Jeffrey M.
name: Ganeshalingam, Mohan
name: Li, Weidong
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this third paper in a series we compare spectral feature measurements to photometric properties of 108 low-redshift (z < 0.1) Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with optical spectra within 5 d of maximum brightness. We find the pseudo-equivalent width (pEW) of the Si II 4000 line to be a good indicator of light-curve width, and the pEWs of the Mg II and Fe II complexes are relatively good proxies for SN colour. We also employ a combination of light-curve parameters (specifically the SALT2 stretch and colour parameters x_1 and c, respectively) and spectral measurements to calculate distance moduli. The residuals from these models are then compared to the standard model which uses only light-curve stretch and colour. Our investigations show that a distance model that uses x_1, c, and the velocity of the Si II 6355 feature does not lead to a decrease in the Hubble residuals. We also find that distance models with flux ratios alone or in conjunction with light-curve information rarely perform better than the standard (x_1,c) model. However, when adopting a distance model which combines the ratio of fluxes near ~3750 Ang. and ~4550 Ang. with both x_1 and c, the Hubble residuals are decreased by ~10 per cent, which is found to be significant at about the 2-sigma level. The weighted root-mean-square of the residuals using this model is 0.130 +/- 0.017 mag (as compared with 0.144 +/- 0.019 mag when using the same sample with the standard model). This Hubble diagram fit has one of the smallest scatters ever published and at the highest significance ever seen in such a study. Finally, these results are discussed with regard to how they can improve the cosmological accuracy of future, large-scale SN Ia surveys. [Abridged]
description: 30 pages, 32 figures, 1 table, revised version re-submitted to MNRAS
Acts of terrorism and mass violence targeting schools : Analysis and implications for preparedness in the USA
Creators: name: Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey
name: Petkova, Elisaveta P.
name: Martinez, Stephanie
name: Redlener, Irwin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: School shootings
Schools--Safety measures
Terrorism
Emergency management

description: To enhance the preparedness of US schools to acts of terrorism and mass violence, the landscape of threats against schools must first be understood. This includes exploring the global trends of acts of terrorism against schools, as well as looking specifically at the history of terrorism and acts of mass violence against schools domestically. This paper conducts a review of two databases in order to look at the trends in acts of terrorism and mass violence carried out against schools, and provides recommendations for domestic school preparedness based on this information.
Changing Paradigms in Drug Safety Management - A Review of Emerging e‐Health Approaches
Creators: name: Igharo, Victor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Health management
Mental health services
Patient safety
Health informatics and information systems

description: About 1.6 billion people do not have access to safe medicines. Lack of access to safe medicines contributes to thousands of deaths, complications, and suffering both in urban and rural settings. Poor access to safe drugs/medicines contributes to thousands of deaths, complications, and suffering both in urban and rural settings. Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) which are Unintended, harmful reactions to medicines are among the leading causes of death in many countries. This paper analyses factors to be considered in view of the changing paradigms in drug safety and the application of modern e-health approaches.
Twiplomacia Chilena: ¿Es una Crisis Diplomática la Causa Gatillante para Implementar Twitter?
Creators: name: Erlandsen, Matthias
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Diplomacy
Social media
International relations

description: Con la globalización, los medios sociales cumplen un rol fundamental como canal de información directa con las audiencias que los Estados ven como un medio válido de acercamiento ciudadano, prescindiendo de los medios de comunicación tradicionales.
Este es un estudio acerca de los factores que influyeron en la decisión del gobierno chileno sobre la adopción de Twitter como canal de comunicación multidireccional en materia de relaciones exteriores, preguntándose principalmente por el factor “crisis diplomática” como gatillante de tal decisión.
Las muestras escogidas corresponden a los principales tomadores de decisión en la materia, usando entrevistas semi-estructuradas.
Como resultado, se puede afirmar que el factor “crisis diplomática” no es el principal al momento de decidir implementar Twitter como medio de comunicación, sino que el “voluntad política” le supera.
title: G. Fr. Fleischmann
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: G. Fr. Fleischmann as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Elastic scattering of hadrons
Creators: name: Dremin, I. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colliding high energy hadrons either produce new particles or scatter elastically with their quantum numbers conserved and no other particles produced. We consider the latter case here. Although inelastic processes dominate at high energies, elastic scattering contributes considerably (18-25%) to the total cross section. Its share first decreases and then increases at higher energies. Small-angle scattering prevails at all energies. Some characteristic features are seen that provide informationon the geometrical structure of the colliding particles and the relevant dynamical mechanisms. The steep Gaussian peak at small angles is followed by the exponential (Orear) regime with some shoulders and dips, and then by a power-law drop. Results from various theoretical approaches are compared with experimental data. Phenomenological models claiming to describe this process are reviewed. The unitarity condition predicts an exponential fall for the differential cross section with an additional substructure to occur exactly between the low momentum transfer diffraction cone and a power-law, hard parton scattering regime under high momentum transfer. Data on the interference of the Coulomb and nuclear parts of amplitudes at extremely small angles provide the value of the real part of the forward scattering nuclear amplitude. The real part of the elastic scattering amplitude and the contribution of inelastic processes to the imaginary part of this amplitude (the so-called overlap function) at nonforward transferred momenta are also discussed. Problems related to the scaling behavior of the differential cross section are considered. The power-law regime at highest momentum transfer is briefly described.
description: 72 pages, 11 Figures; modified Physics-Uspekhi 56 (2013) 3
Towards More Comprehensive Projections of Urban Heat-Related Mortality: Estimates for New York City under Multiple Population, Adaptation, and Climate Scenarios
Creators: name: Petkova, Elisaveta P.
name: Vink, Jan K.
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Gasparrini, Antonio
name: Bader, Daniel A.
name: Francis, Joe D.
name: Kinney, Patrick L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Global warming
Mortality
Heat
Public health

description: Background: High temperatures have substantial impacts on mortality and, with growing concerns about climate change, numerous studies have developed projections of future heat-related deaths around the world. Projections of temperature-related mortality are often limited by insufficient information to formulate hypotheses about population sensitivity to high temperatures and future demographics.

Objectives: The present study derived projections of temperature-related mortality in New York City by taking into account future patterns of adaptation or demographic change, both of which can have profound influences on future health burdens.

Methods: We adopted a novel approach to modeling heat adaptation by incorporating an analysis of the observed population response to heat in New York City over the course of eight decades. This approach projected heat-related mortality until the end of the 21st century based on observed trends in adaptation over a substantial portion of the 20th century. In addition, we incorporated a range of new scenarios for population change until the end of the 21st century. We then estimated future heat-related deaths in New York City by combining the changing temperature–mortality relationship and population scenarios with downscaled temperature projections from the 33 global climate models (GCMs) and two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

Results: The median number of projected annual heat-related deaths across the 33 GCMs varied greatly by RCP and adaptation and population change scenario, ranging from 167 to 3,331 in the 2080s compared with 638 heat-related deaths annually between 2000 and 2006.

Conclusions: These findings provide a more complete picture of the range of potential future heat-related mortality risks across the 21st century in New York City, and they highlight the importance of both demographic change and adaptation responses in modifying future risks.
title: Ferdinand Albrecht Flemmer
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Ferdinand Albrecht Flemmer as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Explicit solutions for effective four- and five-loop QCD running coupling
Creators: name: Cvetič, Gorazd
name: Kondrashuk, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start with the explicit solution, in terms of the Lambert W function, of the renormalization group equation (RGE) for the gauge coupling in the supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory described by the well-known beta function of Novikov et al.(NSVZ). We then construct a class of beta functions for which the RGE can be solved in terms of the Lambert W function. These beta functions are expressed in terms of a function which is a truncated Laurent series in the inverse of the gauge coupling. The parameters in the Laurent series can be adjusted so that the first coefficients of the Taylor expansion of the beta function in the gauge coupling reproduce the four-loop or five-loop QCD (or SQCD) beta function.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures; in v2, minor changes in the text, two figures added, ref.[3] (2nd entry) is new; version to appear in JHEP
3D-CAD-Modelle und deren Implementierung in Kundendokumentationen
Creators: name: Munzel, Juliana
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 600 Technology (Applied sciences)

description: Wie lassen sich 3D-MCAD-Modelle im Bereich der Technischen Dokumentation als Teil des Produktentstehungsprozesses effizient nutzen? Themenschwerpunkt der Arbeit ist die Bereitstellung der 3D-MCAD-Modelle durch die Konstruktion und der damit verbundene 3D-Datenaustausch zwischen Konstruktion und Technischer Dokumentation. Auf Basis umfangreicher Recherchen zu den von 3D-MCAD-Systemen unterstützten 3D-Datenformaten werden die am häufigsten verfügbaren nativen und neutralen/standardisierten Formate gelistet, aus redaktioneller Sicht bewertet und Schlussfolgerungen für den Prozessablauf gezogen.
title: Heino Heinrich Flem(m)ing
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Heino Heinrich Flem(m)ing as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
In search of effective management : case study of the British Columbia Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery and lessons from domestic and international experience
Creators: name: Chudnow, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Canadian fisheries such as the British Columbia Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) fishery face a number of complex economic, political, and ecological challenges. The situation has been compounded by the increased complexity of management frameworks and declining resources of the government body entrusted with the management of Canada’s fishery resources. This thesis looks for best practices to create effective management within Canadian fisheries through investigation of three key components of fisheries management: Maintaining an exploited stock’s biological sustainability; developing and maintaining industry-government relationships; and providing equitable financing for management activities. Chapter one provides a comparison of management strategies within the British Columbia Dungeness crab and Western Australia rock lobster fisheries. This investigation shows that effective management to address the current challenges within the Dungeness crab fishery can be developed but will require time, resources, and building of a strong industry- government relationship. The second chapter outlines many of the challenges impacting Canadian fisheries, highlighting the recent impacts of the “Larocque Decision”. A recent resolution to the Larocque Decision (Bill C-38) is then explored utilizing an analysis of the joint project agreement for the snow crab fishery in Area 19 in eastern Canada. This chapter shows that collaborative management to address the fallout from the “Larocque Decision” can be successfully developed under the current Canadian legislation. The chapter also demonstrates the limitations of current legislation in building such relationships and the fragility of collaborative frameworks built under the current regime. This thesis creates a list of the fundamental criteria needed to create effective management systems within fisheries, and concludes that collaborative management that creates a long-term true partnership between industry and government through a legislated process enhances the success of such management approaches.
Additional file 1 of PAL1 gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway increases resistance to the Cassava brown streak virus in cassava
Creators: name: Kavil, Siji
name: Otti, Gerald
name: Bouvaine, Sophie
name: Armitage, Andrew
name: Maruthi, Midatharahally N.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. PAL1 gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway increases resistance to the Cassava brown streak virus in cassava.
Revised Hammersmith Scale for spinal muscular atrophy: A SMA specific clinical outcome assessment tool
Creators: name: Ramsey, Danielle
name: Scoto, Mariacristina
name: Mayhew, Anna
name: Main, Marion
name: Mazzone, Elena S.
name: Montes, Jacqueline
name: De Sanctis, Roberto
name: Salazar, Rachel
name: Young, Sally Dunaway
name: Glanzman, Allan M.
name: Pasternak, Amy
name: Quigley, Janet
name: Mirek, Elizabeth
name: Duong, Tina
name: Gee, Richard
name: Civitello, Matthew
name: Tennekoon, Gihan
name: Pane, Marika
name: Pera, Maria Carmela
name: Bushby, Kate
name: Day, John
name: Darras, Basil T.
name: De Vivo, Darryl C.
name: Finkel, Richard
name: Mercuri, Eugenio
name: Muntoni, Francesco
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Psychometrics
subject: Spinal muscular atrophy
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Recent translational research developments in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), outcome measure design and demands from regulatory authorities require that clinical outcome assessments are ‘fit for purpose’. An international collaboration (SMA REACH UK, Italian SMA Network and PNCRN USA) undertook an iterative process to address discontinuity in the recorded performance of the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale Expanded and developed a revised functional scale using Rasch analysis, traditional psychometric techniques and the application of clinical sensibility via expert panels. Specifically, we intended to develop a psychometrically and clinically robust functional clinician rated outcome measure to assess physical abilities in weak SMA type 2 through to strong ambulant SMA type 3 patients. The final scale, the Revised Hammersmith Scale (RHS) for SMA, consisting of 36 items and two timed tests, was piloted in 138 patients with type 2 and 3 SMA in an observational cross-sectional multi-centre study across the three national networks. Rasch analysis demonstrated very good fit of all 36 items to the construct of motor performance, good reliability with a high Person Separation Index PSI 0.98, logical and hierarchical scoring in 27/36 items and excellent targeting with minimal ceiling. The RHS differentiated between clinically different groups: SMA type, World Health Organisation (WHO) categories, ambulatory status, and SMA type combined with ambulatory status (all p < 0.001). Construct and concurrent validity was also confirmed with a strong significant positive correlation with the WHO motor milestones rs = 0.860, p < 0.001. We conclude that the RHS is a psychometrically sound and versatile clinical outcome assessment to test the broad range of physical abilities of patients with type 2 and 3 SMA. Further longitudinal testing of the scale with regards change in scores over 6 and 12 months are required prior to its adoption in clinical trials.
title: Francesco de Floramonti
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Francesco de Floramonti as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
On Hydromagnetic Stresses in Accretion Disk Boundary Layers
Creators: name: Pessah, Martin E.
name: Chan, Chi-kwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed calculations of the physical structure of accretion disk boundary layers, and thus their inferred observational properties, rely on the assumption that angular momentum transport is opposite to the radial angular frequency gradient of the disk. The standard model for turbulent shear viscosity satisfies this assumption by construction. However, this behavior is not supported by numerical simulations of turbulent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) accretion disks, which show that angular momentum transport driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is inefficient in disk regions where, as expected in boundary layers, the angular frequency increases with radius. In order to shed light into physically viable mechanisms for angular momentum transport in this inner disk region, we examine the generation of hydromagnetic stresses and energy density in differentially rotating backgrounds with angular frequencies that increase outward in the shearing-sheet framework. We isolate the modes that are unrelated to the standard MRI and provide analytic solutions for the long-term evolution of the resulting shearing MHD waves. We show that, although the energy density of these waves can be amplified significantly, their associated stresses oscillate around zero, rendering them an inefficient mechanism to transport significant angular momentum (inward). These findings are consistent with the results obtained in numerical simulations of MHD accretion disk boundary layers and challenge the standard assumption of efficient angular momentum transport in the inner disk regions. This suggests that the detailed structure of turbulent MHD accretion disk boundary layers could differ appreciably from those derived within the standard framework of turbulent shear viscosity.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, uses emulateapj, updated to match published version in ApJ
How much is a child worth? Providers’ and patients’ views and responses concerning ethical and policy challenges in paying for ART
Creators: name: Klitzman, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Health insurance
Patient advocacy
Human reproductive technology--Moral and ethical aspects
Infertility--Treatment--Moral and ethical aspects
Medical ethics

description: Infertility treatments remain expensive and in many countries are covered by little, if any, insurance, raising critical questions concerning how patients and providers view and make decisions regarding these challenges. In-depth semi-structured interviews of approximately 1 hour were conducted with 37 IVF providers and 10 patients (17 physicians, 10 other providers and 10 patients), and were systematically analyzed. These data suggest current insurance policies and legislation pose critical ethical and logistical challenges for both patients and providers. These individuals face multiple uncertainties about costs and insurance, related to unclear causes of fertility, treatment length, costs and outcomes, and odds that insurers will cover expenses. Insurers frequently decline to agree to reimbursement beforehand, and decide only afterwards, case-by-case, generating stress. Patients and providers thus may not be able to predict how best to allocate limited resources. Providers may advocate for patients, but are usually unsuccessful. Patients may adopt several strategies: e.g., moving/seeking treatment elsewhere, switching or feeling “stuck” in jobs because of insurance, seeking “free” medications, going into debt, or using funds intended for other purposes. Patients do not perceive and respond to resource limitations as fixed phenomena—i.e., patients do not see treatment simply as “affordable” or not. Rather, patients face quandaries of how much to keep spending—how much a child is worth—and are forced to make complex risk/benefit calculations. Couples can disagree, straining relationships. In sum, these data, the first to explore how providers and patients struggle, view, and make decisions regarding limited insurance and resources for infertility, raise several critical ethical and policy issues. These data suggest that individuals have difficulty translating profoundly life-altering, deeply personal quests for meaning and fulfillment into purely economic terms. These findings thus have important implications for future policy, practice, research, and patient and provider education.
Additional file 4 of Non-cancer-related pathogenic germline variants and expression consequences in ten-thousand cancer genomes
Creators: name: Wang, Zishan
name: Fan, Xiao
name: Shen, Yufeng
name: Pagadala, Meghana S
name: Signer, Rebecca
name: Cygan, Kamil J.
name: Fairbrother, William G.
name: Carter, Hannah
name: Chung, Wendy K.
name: Huang, Kuan-lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Figure S1. Carrier frequency (left panel) and NC P/LPs count (right panel) of autosomal recessive (AR) and autosomal dominant (AD) genes across ancestries. Figure S2. Validation of identified NC P/LPs in TCGA by respective ancestral population in gnomAD. Figure S3. Validation of genes impacted by identified NC P/LPs in TCGA for respective ancestral population in gnomAD. Figure S4. Carrier density for the distribution of percentile expression of impacted genes. Figure S5. Lolliplots showing the positions of NC P/LPs in genes suggestively enriched with significant ASE NC P/LPs.
The evaluation of potential weight-estimation methods in a primarily HIV positive cohort in Botswana for use in resource limited settings
Creators: name: Wozniak, Roberta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Appropriate drug dosing in children should be calculated based on a child’s weight. In resource constrained settings however, inaccurate drug dosing is common due to the absence of working weight scales. Existing proxies for weight, such as those based on age or height, have been shown to be problematic, especially in populations in developing countries. Long bone measurements in children, such as ulna and tibia lengths, have yet to be studied as surrogate measures for weight. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the association between weight and a series of proxy anthropometric measurements including height, ulna and tibia lengths, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and triceps skinfolds in a primarily HIV positive population of Botswana children (18 months – 12 years); 2) to determine what percentage of the study population has a predicted weight within 10% of their actual weight; and 3) to determine a simple weight-prediction method that would most accurately predict a child’s weight (18 months – 12 years). This study was a cross-sectional survey carried out in a clinical setting at the Botswana-Baylor Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence in Gaborone, Botswana. We measured weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfolds, ulna length, and tibia length in 777 children between the ages of 18 months and 12 years. Univariate linear regression and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS and coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated. Accuracy of the weight-prediction method was defined as having a predicted weight within 10% of the child’s actual weight. The MUAC-Tibia and the MUAC-Ulna weight-prediction models had the highest accuracy for predicting a child’s weight with adjusted R2 values of 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. Of the participants, 82% of weights were predicted to within 10% using the MUAC-Tibia method and 79% using the MUAC-Ulna method. Due to the high degree of accuracy, the MUAC-Tibia or MUAC-Ulna weight-prediction methods could potentially be used to estimate a child’s weight. Studies are needed to confirm these findings in other resource poor settings where there is no access to working scales.