cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comments on "Testing the Fidelity of Methods Used in Proxy-Based Reconstructions of Past Climate": The Role of the Standardization Interval
Creators: name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Kaplan, Alexey
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Earth temperature
Climatic changes
Paleoclimatology

description: A new multiproxy reconstruction of the Northern Hemisphere extratropical mean temperature over the last millennium is presented. The reconstruction is performed with a novel method designed to avoid the underestimation of low-frequency variability that has been a general problem for regression-based reconstruction methods. The disadvantage of this method is an exaggerated high-frequency variability. The reconstruction is based on a set of 40 proxies of annual to decadal resolution that have been shown to relate to the local temperature. The new reconstruction shows a very cold Little Ice Age centered around the 17th century with a cold extremum (for 50-yr smoothing) of about 1.1 K below the temperature of the calibration period, AD 1880–1960. This cooling is about twice as large as corresponding numbers reported by most other reconstructions. In the beginning of the millennium the new reconstruction shows small anomalies in agreement with previous studies. However, the new temperature reconstruction decreases faster than previous reconstructions in the first 600 years of the millennium and has a stronger variability. The salient features of the new reconstruction are shown to be robust to changes in the calibration period, the source of the local temperatures, the spatial averaging procedure, and the screening process applied to the proxies. An ensemble pseudoproxy approach is applied to estimate the confidence intervals of the 50-yr smoothed reconstruction showing that the period AD 1500–1850 is significantly colder than the calibration period.
Design and development of an automatic residual stress measuring device
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Ian Nigel
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis describes the design and development of prototype automatic devices for the measurement of residual stress in magnetic materials. The device, called an \Automatic Rotation Rig\" or ARR for short uses the principal of magnetic anisotropy to determine the difference in the principal stresses and their direction at the surface of the material. The stress measurement is averaged over an area of approximately 5 mm by 5 mm to a depth of about 1 mm. Three such devices have been built in the period from January 1987 to February 1989. These have been designed for the measurement of residual stress in railway wheels and tracks. Railway wheels may fail if the rim becomes sufficiently tensile hence the device may be used to detect unsafe wheels and allow for their removal from service. Continuous railway tracks are welded together to induce tension along their length. This tension counteracts compression due to heating of the rail. Thus the ARR may be able to be used to determine the \"stress free\" temperature of the rail. This can be used to find whether or not the welding has induced sufficient tension into the rail or at what ambient temperature the rail may buckle due to excessive longitudinal compression. The residual stress measuring device can also be used for other applications where the difference imprincipIe stresses needs to be measured on reasonably flat ferrous materials. The device is portable and reasonably cheap and easy to produce. Prototype ARR's have proven to be reliable in field trials thus leading to the possibility of their being manufactured commercially."
Paleomagnetic Polarity Reversals in Marinoan (ca. 600 Ma) Glacial Deposits of Australia: Implications for the Duration of Low-Latitude Glaciation in Neoproterozoic Time
Creators: name: Sohl, Linda E.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleontology

description: A paleomagnetic investigation of Marinoan glacial and preglacial deposits in Australia was conducted to reevaluate Australia's paleogeographic position at the time of glaciation (ca. 610–575 Ma). The paleomagnetic results from the Elatina Formation of the central Flinders Ranges yield the first positive regional-scale fold test (significant at the 99% level), as well as at least three magnetic polarity intervals. Stratigraphic discontinuities typical of glacial successions prevent the application of a magnetic polarity stratigraphy to regional correlation, but the positive fold test and multiple reversals confirm the previous low paleolatitude interpretation of these rocks (mean D = 214.9°, I = −14.7°, α95 = 12.7°, paleolatitude = 7.5°). The underlying preglacial Yaltipena Formation also carries low magnetic inclinations (mean D = 204.0°, I = −16.4°, α95 = 11.0°, paleolatitude = 8.4°), suggesting that Australia was located at low paleolatitude at the onset of glaciation. The number of magnetic polarity intervals present within the Elatina Formation and the Elatina's lithostratigraphic relationship to other Marinoan glacial deposits suggest that glaciation persisted at low latitudes in Australia for a minimum of several hundreds of thousands to millions of years.
Magnetic structure of domain walls confined in a nano-oxide layer
Creators: name: Matsushita, Katsuyoshi
name: Sato, Jun
name: Imamura, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the recent years, a spin-valve was developed with a current-confined-path structure consisting of a non-oxide-layer (NOL). We analyze magnetic structures of the current-confinedpath in the nano-oxide layer sandwiched between ferromagnetic electrodes and clarify the dependency of the magnetic structure on the shape and size of the current-confined-path. Our results of stiffness energy density and thermal stability shows that we should fabricate a CPP spin-valve with narrow current-confinedpaths with large aspect ratio and strong constriction in order to enhance the MR ratio.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, proceedings paper of Intermag 2008
Evolutionary Processes a Focus of Decade-Long Ecosystem Study of Antarctic's Lake Vostok
Creators: name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Karl, David M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geobiology

description: As scientists probe for life in new habitats and try to understand the processes that triggered the origin and guided the evolution of life on Earth, environments beneath large ice sheets are beginning to emerge as key ecosystems. Modern subglacial environments are analogues both for the icy moons of Jupiter and the environmental stresses that led to widespread evolutionary radiation following the Neoproterozoic "snowball" Earth. The largest modern analogue to these distant systems is Lake Vostok, a great Antarctic subglacial lake, and the international science community is developing a plan to systematically survey and explore this complex system over the next decade. Approximately the size of Lake Ontario, Lake Vostok lies beneath the 4 km thick East Antarctic ice sheet (Figure 1). The lake is much deeper than Lake Ontario—remotely measured water depths reach 670 m.
Influx of meltwater to subglacial Lake Concordia, East Antarctica
Creators: name: Tikku, Anahita A.
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Studinger, Michael
name: Clarke, Garry K. C.
name: Tabacco, Ignazio
name: Ferraccioli, Fausto
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Glaciology
Subglacial lakes
Meltwater

description: We present evidence for melting at the base of the ice that overlies Lake Concordia, an 800 km2 subglacial lake near Dome Concordia, East Antarctica, via a combination of glaciohydraulic melting (associated with the tilted ice ceiling and its influence on lake circulation/melting temperature) and melting by extreme strain heating (where the ice sheet is grounded). An influx of water is necessary to provide nutrients, material and biota to support subglacial lake ecosystems but has not been detected previously. Freezing is the dominant observed basal process at over 60% of the surface area above the lake. The total volume of accreted ice above the lake surface is estimated as 50-60 km3, roughly 25-30% of the 200 ± 40 km3 estimated lake volume. Estimated rates of melting and freezing are very similar, ±2-6 mm a-1. The apparent net freezing may reflect the present-day response of Lake Concordia to cooling associated with the Last Glacial Maximum, or a large influx of water either via a subglacial hydrological system or from additional melting of the ice sheet. Lake Concordia is an excellent candidate for subglacial exploration given active basal processes, proximity to the Dome Concordia ice core and traverse resupply route.
Potential-density pairs and vertical tilt of the stellar velocity ellipsoid
Creators: name: Bienaymé, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define new potential-density pairs and examine the impact of the potential flattening on the vertical velocity ellipsoid tilt, $δ$. By means of numerical integrations and analytical calculations, we estimate $δ$ in a variety of galactic potentials. We show that at 1 kpc above the Galactic plane at the solar radius, $δ$ can differ by 5 degrees, depending on whether the dark matter halo is flat or spherical. This result excludes the possibility of an extremely flattened Galactic dark halo.
description: accepted Astron. Astroph
On the application of Canonical Perturbation Theory up to the dissociation threshold
Creators: name: Buyukdagli, Sahin
name: Joyeux, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a model system consisting of a Morse oscillator strongly coupled to a doubly-degenerate bending degree of freedom and show that Canonical Perturbation Theory is able to provide a fairly precise, though not exact, approximation of the Hamiltonian up to the dissociation threshold. Quantum mechanical results and classical ones are discussed in this Letter.
Turbulence and diapycnal mixing over the East Pacific Rise crest near 10°N
Creators: name: Thurnherr, Andreas M.
name: St. Laurent, Louis C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Turbulent mixing plays an important role in the return path of the global overturning circulation of the ocean. Previous measurements indicate that much of the mixing takes place near topography, in particular near seamounts and mid-ocean ridges. Here we report on the first microstructure data set collected over the crest and flanks of a fast-spreading ridge. The data indicate that in spite of weak tidally modulated background turbulence levels (ϵ≈10^-10 W kg^-1) diapycnal diffusivity is elevated above 10^-4 m^2 s^-1 below crest depth of the ridge throughout the entire region because of the weak density stratification. Near the peaks and in the narrow deep passages of a chain of seamounts, where large horizontal velocities have been observed, turbulence levels are elevated by up to an order of magnitude above background. We conclude that topographic organization plays an important role in determining spatial patterns of turbulence in this region and that both tidal and subinertial energy contribute to the mixing.
Effective one-body dynamics in multiple-quantum NMR experiments
Creators: name: Fiori, E. Rufeil
name: Sanchez, C. M.
name: Oliva, F. Y.
name: Pastawski, H. M.
name: Levstein, P. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A suitable NMR experiment in a one-dimensional dipolar coupled spin system allows one to reduce the natural many-body dynamics into effective one-body dynamics. We verify this in a polycrystalline sample of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by monitoring the excitation of NMR many-body superposition states: the multiple-quantum coherences. The observed effective one-dimensionality of HAp relies on the quasi 1d structure of the dipolar coupled network that, as we show here, is dynamically enhanced by the quantum Zeno effect. Decoherence is also probed through a Loschmidt echo experiment, where the time reversal is implemented on the double-quantum Hamiltonian, I_{i,+}I_{j,+} + I_{i,-}I_{j,-}. We contrast the decoherence of adamantane, a standard 3d system, with that of HAp. While the first shows an abrupt Fermi-type decay, HAp presents a smooth exponential law.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Evidence for an increase in cosmogenic 10Be during a geomagnetic reversal
Creators: name: Raisbeck, G.M.
name: Yiou, F.
name: Bourles, D.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Reversals in the geomagnetic field, which occur every few hundred thousand years, represent a dramatic change in the Earth's environment. Although there is no satisfactory theory for such reversals, it is generally accepted that the dipole field intensity decreases to <20% of its 'normal' value for a few thousand years during the change in direction. Because the galactic and solar cosmic rays which impinge on the Earth's atmosphere are charged, a significant fraction (about half) of them are deflected by the geomagnetic field. At the time of a reversal, this magnetic shielding is greatly reduced, and it has been suggested that the increased flux of high-energy particles could have effects on evolutionary or climatic processes. For example, the statistically significant coincidence in levels of some marine faunal extinctions and reversal boundaries in ocean sediments could be caused, directly or indirectly, by the decreased geomagnetic intensity during the reversal. We report here evidence in marine sediments for an increase in cosmogenic 10Be production in the Earth's atmosphere during the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal 730,000 yr ago. In addition to confirming an increase in cosmogenic isotope production, the results provide information on the magnitude and duration of the geomagnetic intensity decrease during such an event, and the depth at which remanent magnetism is acquired in marine sediments.
Artificial quantum-dot Helium molecules: Electronic spectra, spin structures, and Heisenberg clusters
Creators: name: Li, Ying
name: Yannouleas, Constantine
name: Landman, Uzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy spectra and spin configurations of a system of N=4 electrons in lateral double quantum dots (quantum dot Helium molecules) are investigated using exact diagonalization (EXD), as a function of interdot separation, applied magnetic field (B), and strength of interelectron repulsion. As a function of the magnetic field, the energy spectra exhibit a low-energy band consisting of a group of six states, with the number six being a consequence of the conservation of the total spin and the ensuing spin degeneracies for four electrons. The energies of the six states appear to cross at a single value of the magnetic field, and with increasing Coulomb repulsion they tend to become degenerate, with a well defined energy gap separating them from the higher-in-energy excited states. The appearance of the low-energy band is a consequence of the formation of a Wigner supermolecule, with the four electrons (two in each dot) being localized at the vertices of a rectangle. Using spin-resolved pair-correlation distributions, a method for mapping the complicated EXD many-body wave functions onto simpler spin functions associated with a system of four localized spins is introduced. Detailed interpretation of the EXD spin functions and EXD spectra associated with the low-energy band via a 4-site Heisenberg cluster (with B-dependent exchange integrals) is demonstrated. Aspects of spin entanglement, referring to the well known N-qubit Dicke states, are also discussed.
description: REVTEX 4. 18 pages with 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review B. This paper incorporates material from arXiv:0902.0839. For related papers, see http://www.prism.gatech.edu/~ph274cy/
title: Use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Classification and Identification of Bacteria of Importance to the Food Industry
Creators: name: Pegram, Sarah
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: The aim of this work was to use Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to characterize and identify bacteria of particular significance to the food industry. FT-IR spectroscopy is a rapid technique that can be applied to all groups of bacteria. The two objectives were to determine a suitable sampling procedure to record a spectrum and to determine a suitable statistical technique to identify characteristic regions of the spectrum associated with the genus and, potentially, the species. Pure cultures of bacteria were grown in broth, suspended in saline and dried to produce a film on a halide salt crystal. These films were then used to produce FT-IR spectra. In total, 80 spectra were recorded from seven genera, seven species and four strains of bacteria. Some of the spectra were considered to be too low in intensity to be included in statistical analysis. Data points from three specific windows of the remaining spectra were used to determine spectral distances between spectra. These spectral distances were used to perform cluster analysis using Ward's method, the Complete Linkage method and the Centroid method. The statistical analysis created successful clusters for several of the species used but was inconclusive overall in being able to distinguish between spectra at the genus, species and strain level. This may be due to inconsistent growth of bacteria and insufficient manipulation of the data. This study has shown the potential for FT-IR spectroscopy to be used to identify bacteria with significance for food but further development is needed to reproduce the consistent results demonstrated in current literature.
Erroneous Model Field Representations in Multiple Pseudoproxy Studies: Corrections and Implications
Creators: name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Kaplan, Alexey
name: Amrhein, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Paleoclimatology

description: Pseudoproxy experiments evaluate statistical methods used to reconstruct climate fields from paleoclimatic proxies during the Common Era. These experiments typically employ output from millennial simulations by general circulation models (GCMs). It is demonstrated that multiple published pseudoproxy studies have used erroneously processed GCM surface temperature fields: the NCAR Community Climate System Model (CCSM), version 1.4, field was incorrectly oriented geographically and the GKSS ECHO-g FOR1 field was corrupted by a hemispheric-scale smoothing in the Western Hemisphere. These problems are not associated with the original model simulations; they instead arose because of incorrect processing of the model data for the pseudoproxy experiments. The consequences of these problems are evaluated for the studies in which the incorrect fields were used. Some quantitative results are invalidated by the findings: these include all experiments that used the corrupted ECHO-g field and those aspects of previous CCSM experiments that focused on Niño-3 reconstructions. Other results derived from the CCSM field can be reinterpreted based on the information provided herein and their qualitative characteristics remain similar.
Simulating heat transport of harmonic temperature signals in the Earth's shallow subsurface: Lower-boundary sensitivities
Creators: name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Stieglitz, Marc
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric thermodynamics
subject: Earth temperature
subject: Atmosphere
subject: Hydrology
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We assess the sensitivity of a subsurface thermodynamic model to the depth of its lower-boundary condition. Analytic solutions to the one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation demonstrate that boundary conditions imposed at shallow depths (2-20 m) corrupt the amplitudes and phases of propagating temperature signals. The presented solutions are for: 1) a homogeneous infinite half-space driven by a harmonic surface-temperature boundary condition, and 2) a homogeneous slab with a harmonic surface-temperature boundary condition and zero-flux lower-boundary condition. Differences between the amplitudes and phases of the two solutions range from 0 to almost 100%, depending on depth, frequency and subsurface thermophysical properties. The implications of our results are straightforward: the corruption of subsurface temperatures can affect model assessments of soil microbial activity, vegetation changes, freeze-thaw cycles, and hydrologic dynamics. It is uncertain, however, whether the reported effects will have large enough impacts on land-atmosphere fluxes of water and energy to affect atmospheric simulations.
5. L’animal entre Histoire et Droit. Regards croisés
Creators: name: Brunet, Pierre
name: Serna, Pierre
name: Albertone, Manuela
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas
Year: 2020

description: Les discussions actuelles sur les rapports entre les humains et les animaux et les actions des mouvements animalistes qui touchent aux questions de la recherche scientifique, de l’environnement, de l’économie, de l’éthique et de la politique, ont amené à faire de la représentation de l’animal un sujet d’étude des sciences sociales. La dimension interdisciplinaire s’impose pour aborder un sujet qui met l’homme en rapport avec son contexte, son passé, ses normes d’organisation sociale et son altérité. Dans cette perspective l’échange entre un juriste et un historien est susceptible de faire ressortir sur la longue durée permanences et métamorphoses entre théories et pratiques. On présente ici le dialogue qui s’est tenu le 28 novembre 2019 à Paris à l’Institut d’histoire de la Révolution française entre Pierre Serna, historien, et Pierre Brunet, juriste. Provenant d’horizons différents, les deux spécialistes en sont venus à s’intéresser à la question de l’animal. English Title and Abstract The Animal between History and Law—Intersecting perspectives: A dialogue between Pierre Brunet and Pierre Sernat coordinated by Manuela Albertone Current debates on the relationship between humans and animals, as well as the actions of animalistic movements—that touch on the issues of scientific research, of environment, of economy, of ethics and politics—have led the representation of the animal become a subject of study of the social sciences. An interdisciplinary approach is necessary to address a subject that connects humankind with its context, its past, its norms of social organization and its otherness. In this perspective, an exchange between a jurist and a historian is able to bring out permanence and metamorphoses in the long term and between theories and practices. We present here the dialogue that took place on November 28, 2019 in Paris, at the Institut d'histoire de la Révolution française between Pierre Serna, historian, and Pierre Brunet, jurist. Moving from different perspectives, the two specialists came to take an interest in the issue of the animal. Keywords: Animalism, Law and History, Animal Rights, Human Geography
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol. 9 Núm. 17 (2020)
6. Book Reviews
Creators: name: Pasini, Enrico
name: Montebugnoli, Anna
name: Righi, Laura
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas
Year: 2020

description: Reviews of Muzzarelli (ed.), Riferire all’autorità. Denuncia e delazione tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna, Viella 2020; Thomas & Chiffoleau, L’istituzione della natura, ed. by M. Spanò, Quodlibet 2020; Wolfe, La philosophie de la biologie avant la biologie. Une histoire du vitalisme, Classiques Garnier 2019; Omodeo, Amerigo Vespucci: The Historical Context of His Explorations and Scientific Contribu tion, Edizioni Ca’ Foscari 2020.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol. 9 Núm. 17 (2020)
1. Editorial
Creators: name: JIHI Editors, The
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas
Year: 2020

description: The JIHI has begun its ninth year of publications and it is now ten years since we started the project of the Journal in the Spring of 2010. It is still hosted by the University of Turin, and can be reached there through the address http://www.jihi.eu, but since August 1st 2020 it is also being hosted in OpenEdition’s Journals platform: https://journals.openedition.org/jihi/. During the first 8 years we have published 70 articles, among which 15 methodological research reports and discussions. We have launched three CFPs (on ‘Erasmian science’, ‘Gastronomy and Revolution’, ‘Philosophy and Geography’), and dedicated two other issues to monographic themes (‘Luther, la Reforme, la modernité’, ‘Representation of Natural Entities’). During the last two years we have been consistently publishing contributions on ‘digital scholarship’ in intellectual history and the history of ideas, especially in the history of philosophy. We have been accepted in the DOAJ and ERIH PLUS directories, have initiated the process for being indexed by Scopus, and have recently been evaluated by the Italian Research Evaluation Agency with positive results (‘recognized scientific journal’ in the areas of the Historical and Social Sciences, ‘top-tier journal’ for Medieval, Modern, and Contemporary History, and for the History of Philosophy). Although we have strong reservations concerning the Italian evaluation exercise, we appreciate their appreciation. We hope that you as well may appreciate the work done in the Journal. We have recently built a new editorial staff, with scholars from a more diverse disciplinary background, age and position, and we are widening our network of collaborators around the world. Thus, if you want, consider the possibility to get more involved with the Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas. On another note, we have recently launched another CFP, a rather short-term one: ‘Epidemics and Regulations in the History of Ideas and Intellectual History’. The call is mainly centered on the intersection of law history and history of medicine (with strong connections to the history of moral thought, as well as to the history of political thought and institutions), but we are open to other approaches to the historical crossing of disciplines. The CFP can be found through the JIHI site or directly at https://zenodo.org/record/3785392. We count on your interest and support.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol. 9 Núm. 17 (2020)
2. Habermas and the English Public Sphere Reconsidered
Creators: name: Robertson, Randy
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas
Year: 2020

description: Few concepts have proved as fertile in critical studies as the “public sphere”, yet many now regard Habermas’s concept of the public sphere as hopelessly flawed. Critics have faulted Habermas’s notion as an ideal fiction, exclusive rather than inclusive; they have challenged his dating of the public sphere’s emergence to the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, noting that earlier periods witnessed robust public debate; and they have questioned the evidence on which Habermas bases his argument, including his claims about increased literacy, the beginnings of professional authorship, and, perhaps most important, the collapse of censorship. In my paper, I defend a modified version of Habermas’s public sphere. I argue not only that the permanent lapse of the Licensing Act in 1695 had a profound impact on both the public discourse and the publishing world in Britain, but also, against Macaulay and most modern scholars, that the press freedom that followed was no mere accident. By canvassing free speech debates from the period and by draw- ing on extensive statistics concerning publication patterns before and after 1695, I show that the Licensing Act’s expiry did indeed permit a public sphere to develop, along the lines delineated by Habermas. Keywords: Habermas, Freedom of the Press, Public Sphere, Licensing Act
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol. 9 Núm. 17 (2020)
title: Texture Profile Analysis and Melting in Relation to Proteolysis as Influenced by Aging Temperature and Cultures in Cheddar Cheese
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Taylor
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: Changes in cheese physical properties during aging are related to proteolysis by coagulant type, culture enzymes, and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB). Storage temperature also affects aging rate. Cultures are important for flavor development , but less is understood about their role in melting and textural properties.
Our objective was to make Cheddar cheese using different cultures, to age it at 6 and 13°C, and measure physical and proteolytic properties over 12 mo to determine whether changes in texture and melting correlated with the extent of proteolysis that occurred during aging.
Cheese was manufactured using Lactococcus lactis starter culture either alone or combined with one or both of Lac Lc. Lactis or Lactobacillus helveticus adjunct cultures . Three replicates of cheese were made using 1500 lb of milk. Cheese composition was 35.5 ± 1.0% moisture, 52.5 ± 2.5% FDB, 1.65 ± 0.05% salt, and pH 5.2 ± 0.1. All cheeses were initially stored at 6°C, then half moved to l3°C after 21 d.
Texture profile analysis was performed using 25% and 60% compression and melting measured using a Meltmeter at 65°C. The data were analyzed based on culture and temperature over 12-mo storage time. The overall hardness decreased, while the cohesiveness decreased for all treatments. Extent of melting was significantly correlated with hardness (r = 0.62), cohesiveness (r = 0.40), and inversely with adhesiveness (r = 0.24). Correlations with adhesiveness and cohesiveness were not linear.
Proteins were extracted from cheese at 1 wk, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 mo of aging using 500 mM sodium citrate solution containing 1% sodium chloride. Purified extracts were then applied to a high-performance liquid chromatography CS reverse phase column and large hydrophobic peptides and protein peaks monitored at 214 nm. Melting was inversely correlated with the amount of intact ɑs1-caserienm remaining in the cheese (r = -0.54) and directly correlated with what was thought to be ɑs1-casein (f 24 - 199) (r = 0.56).
Characterizing Land–Atmosphere Coupling and the Implications for Subsurface Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Stieglitz, Marc
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Earth temperature--Mathematical models
Atmospheric thermodynamics
Atmosphere

description: The objective of this work is to develop a Simple Land-Interface Model (SLIM) that captures the seasonal and interannual behavior of land–atmosphere coupling, as well as the subsequent subsurface temperature evolution. The model employs the one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation driven by a surface flux boundary condition. While the underlying physics is straightforward, the SLIM framework allows a qualitative understanding of the first-order controls that govern the seasonal coupling between the land and atmosphere by implicitly representing the dominant processes at the land surface. The model is used to perform a suite of experiments that demonstrate how changes in surface air temperature and coupling conditions control subsurface temperature evolution. The work presented here suggests that a collective approach employing both complex and simple models, when joined with analyses of observational data, has the potential to increase understanding of land–atmosphere coupling and the subsequent evolution of subsurface temperatures.
3. Six hypothèses socioéconomiques pour définir la confiance
Creators: name: Servet, Jean-Michel
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas
Year: 2020

description: La confiance est abordée à travers six hypothèses. La première distingue la confiance de la foi et met l’accent sur sa variation positive ou négative dans le temps. La deuxième l’appréhende comme un élément qui n’est pas de l’ordre de la propriété ou de la possession, mais du lien à des niveaux tant collectifs que personnels. La troisième propose de caractériser le rôle de la confiance au sein de groupes faisant plus ou moins communauté. Pour cela (selon la quatrième hypothèse), la confiance suppose la définition de règles et de normes. La cinquième récuse l’assimilation souvent faite entre confiance et sécuritaire. Enfin, la sixième hypothèse synthétise les hypothèses précédentes en montrant que le lien de confiance mobilise la mémoire pour s’établir et se perpétuer. Une annexe applique à la monnaie la distinction entre confiance méthodique, hiérarchique et éthique dans le contexte des conséquences la crise du coronavirus. English Title and Abstract Six Socioeconomic Assumptions to Define Trust Trust is addressed through six assumptions. The first distinguishes trust from faith and emphasizes its positive or negative variation over time. The second grasps it as an element that is not related to ownership or possession but is a social bond at both collective and personal levels. The third seeks to characterize the role of trust in groups that are more or less felt as community. For this (according to the fourth hypothesis) trust presupposes the definition of rules and norms. The fifth refutes the confusion so often made between trust and security. Finally, the sixth hypothesis synthesizes the preceding hypotheses by showing that the bond of trust mobilizes memory to establish and perpetuate itself. An annex applies the distinction between methodical, hierarchical and ethical trust in money in the context of the consequences of the coronavirus crisis. Keywords: Confiance, Trust, Coronavirus, Social link, Memory, Standards, Security, Social totality
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol. 9 Núm. 17 (2020)
title: Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meat Containing Levulinate, Lactate, or Lactate and Diacetate
Creators: name: Thompson, Rebecca L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2007

description: Control of the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (RTE) meats is a major concern in the food industry. The objective of this study was to compare the growth of L. monocytogenes on refrigerated RTE meats containing sodium levulinate (4-oxopentanoic acid, a five carbon organic acid with GRAS status), sodium lactate, or a combination of sodium lactate and sodium diacetate. Turkey roll and bologna were prepared to contain (wt/wt) sodium lactate (2%); sodium lactate in combination with sodium diacetate (1.875% sodium lactate, 0.125% sodium diacetate); sodium levulinate (1, 2, or 3%); or no antilisterial additive. Samples were sliced, inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail (102 to 103 CFU/cm2) of L. monocytogenes, vacuum packaged, and stored at 2°C for 0-12 weeks.
Triplicate packages of each treatment were analyzed bi-weekly for growth of the pathogen. Bacterial counts exceeded 105 CFU/cm2 in controls after 4 weeks in turkey and over 106 CFU/cm2 after 8 weeks in bologna. In turkey, L. monocytogenes showed significant growth in samples containing sodium lactate after 6 weeks(>104 CFU/cm2) and after 8 weeks when used in combination with diacetate. Further, samples containing 1% sodium levulinate did not show significant growth of the pathogen for 10 weeks (~104 CFU/cm2), while those containing 2% and 3% levulinate inhibited growth for 12 weeks. In bologna, adding any antimicrobial inhibited growth for 12 weeks.
Finally, Listeria-free samples of turkey roll and bologna, containing the various organic acid salts, were evaluated by members of consumer taste panels. Statistical analysis (ANOV A) showed that there were no differences in overall liking of samples of turkey roll (p = 0.19) or bologna (p = 0.42). In turkey, sodium levulinate was more effective at preventing growth of L. monocytogenes, while in bologna it was as effective as the current industry standards lactate and diacetate. Addition of levulinate did not alter the sensory acceptability of either product.
Paleomagnetism of latest Anisian (Middle Triassic) sections of the Prezzo Limestone and the Buchenstein Formation, Southern Alps, Italy
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A paleomagnetic study was carried out at six stratigraphic sections (309 specimens) in the latest Anisian (Middle Triassic) Prezzo Limestone and the overlying Buchenstein Formation. These units outcrop over a wide area in the western Southern Alps, although most of the sampled sections are in the vicinity of the Late Eocene-Early Oligocene Adamello batholith. Three sites suffered a complete remagnetization induced by the Adamello, whereas a characteristic component with a positive fold test has been isolated at the three other sites. The mean pole of the characteristic component (Lat. 63.2°N, Long. 229.3°E,N = 3,A95 = 8°,k = 236) is in agreement with the Triassic portion of the West Gondwana apparent polar wander path (APWP), supporting the use of paleopoles from well-dated rocks in the Southern Alps as useful proxies for the African APWP. The characteristic component, where isolated in the sampled sections, is of normal polarity only, corresponding to the latest Anisian on the basis of well-defined ammonoid and conodont biostratigraphy, but the present results suggest that there are good opportunities for extending Middle Triassic magnetostratigraphy in these Southern Alps rock units. The mean pole of the Adamello-induced component (Lat. 74.5°N, Long. 172.1°E,N = 4,A95 = 7.6°,K = 145) lies close to the Early Tertiary portion of the APWP for stable Europe. The post-folding, Adamello-induced directions confirm that the 30–42 Ma Adamello batholith intruded after Alpine deformation and that no further deformation apparently occurred in post-emplacement times.
An asymptotic-safety mechanism for chiral Yukawa systems
Creators: name: Scherer, Michael M.
name: Gies, Holger
name: Rechenberger, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce Weinberg's idea of asymptotic safety and pave the way towards an asymptotically safe chiral Yukawa system with a $U(N_L)_L \otimes U(1)_R$ symmetry in a leading-order derivative expansion using nonperturbative functional RG equations. As a toy model sharing important features with the standard model we explicitely discuss N_L=10 for which we find a non-Gaussian fixed point and compute its critical exponents. We observe a reduced hierarchy problem as well as predictions for the toy Higgs and the toy top mass.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, talk presented at the Cracow School of Theoretical Physics, XLIX Course, Zakopane, Poland, May 31 - June 10, 2009, to appear in the proceedings
Pleistocene magnetochronology of early hominin sites at Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio, Italy
Creators: name: Muttoni, Giovanni
name: Scardia, Giancarlo
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Swisher, Carl C.
name: Manzi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Paleomagnetic analyses were conducted on two cores drilled at Ceprano in central Italy where an incomplete hominin cranium was discovered in 1994, as well as on two additional cores from the nearby site of Fontana Ranuccio that yielded hominin remains associated with an Acheulean industry. No evidence for the 0.78 Ma Brunhes–Matuyama boundary was found at Ceprano down to 45 m below the level that yielded the hominin cranium. The Ceprano lithostratigraphy and the paleomagnetic age constraints are broadly consistent with the stratigraphy of the Liri lacustrine sequence of the Latina Valley, constrained by published K–Ar ages between ~ 0.6 and ~ 0.35 Ma, and according to an age model with magnetic susceptibility supported by pollen facies data, suggest that the level that yielded the hominin cranium has an age of ~ 0.45 (+ 0.05, − 0.10) Ma. Evidence for the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary was found at Fontana Ranuccio about 40 m below the hominin level, consistent with a K–Ar age of ~ 0.46 Ma reported for this level. Hence the Ceprano and Fontana Ranuccio hominin occurrences may be of very similar mid-Brunhes age.
4. Jean-Baptiste Say, les Idéologues et la Décade philosophique politique et littéraire
Creators: name: Tiran, André
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas
Year: 2020

description: On vise à travers les pages qui suivent à donner une relecture des Idéologues et de la revue de La Décade comme mouvement d’où jaillit l’économie politique de Jean-Baptiste Say, qui de ces milieux fit partie et dont il marqua les caractères. J.-B. Say aura contribué sa vie durant à l’établissement de la République sans accepter de places officielles dans l’appareil d’État, sans titres de noblesse (comme nombre d’autres Idéologues). Son républicanisme s’est fondé sur le développement et la diffusion des connaissances du fonctionnement de la société dans toute la population dont la Décade a été un instrument important. English Title and Abstract Jean-Baptiste Say, the Ideologues and the Décade philosophique politique et littéraire The following pages aim to propose a re-reading of the Ideologues and of their journal La Décade as a movement from which sprang the political economy of Jean-Baptiste Say, who was part of these circles and who contributed to define their characters. J.-B. Say contributed during his whole lifetime to the establishment of the Republic, without accepting official seats in the state apparatus, and without any titles of nobility (like many other Ideologues). His republicanism was based on the development and dissemination of knowledge about the functioning of society throughout the population, and La Décade was an important instrument of this process.
description: Journal of Interdisciplinary History of Ideas, Vol. 9 Núm. 17 (2020)
Libraries as Journal Publishers
Creators: name: Perry, Anali Maughan
name: Borchert, Carol Ann
name: Deliyannides, Timothy S.
name: Kosavic, Andrea
name: Kennison, Rebecca R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Library science

description: Increasing library involvement in journal hosting and publishing is an important topic for serialists. This installment of "The Balance Point" column presents articles that offer descriptions and analyses of the current state of ideas and activities related to libraries as publishers. Featured authors discuss the publishing and journal hosting tasks libraries can perform, programs and activities related to journal hosting, titles hosted, challenges, next steps and the benefits or drawbacks foreseen in the current paths of the libraries they represent.
title: Hormone Mediated Transport of Calcium and Phosphate in Polarized Epithelial Cells
Creators: name: Sterling, Tremaine M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2004

description: The effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, PTH and 25(OH)D3 on phosphate or calcium uptake were studied in cultured, adherent chick enterocytes over a period of 10 min after hormone addition. Time course studies of cells treated with 130 pM 1,25(OH)2D3 showed an increase in 32P uptake as early as 3 min. Similar studies with 65 pM bPTH(l1-34) resulted in an increase in 45Ca uptake only if the cells had been cultured in serum. (OH)D3, which is not firmly established as an active metabolite of vitamin D, was shown to increase 45Ca uptake within 5 min at a 100 nM concentration.
Analyses of signal transduction events involving each hormone were undertaken using PKC and PKA inhibitors, chelerythrine and Rp-cAMP, respectively. In the presence of PKC inhibitor and 1,25(OH)2D3 elevated 32P levels were apparent; however, further investigations involving efflux studies showed PKC inhibition of 32P extrusion in the presence or absence of hormone. On the other hand, suppression of the PKA pathway stimulated an increase in 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated 32P uptake. Preincubation of enterocytes with Ab099 against a putative membrane receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3 abolished steroid-stimulated 32P uptake.
While PKC inhibition had no effect on 45Ca uptake in enterocytes exposed to 65 pM bPTH(1-34) in serum, pretreatment with PKA inhibitor resulted in 45Ca levels relatively close to basal levels. Cells pretreated with PKC inhibitor and exposed to 25(OH)D3 demonstrated no changes in 45Ca levels, whereas inhibition of PKA induced decreased 45Ca levels after 10 min of incubation.
In equivalent time course studies of membrane trafficking using confocal microscopy, potential vectorial transport initiated by each hormone was analyzed with agonist alone or in the presence of PKC and PKA inhibitors. In addition 1,25(OH)2D3 was tested in the presence of Ab099 against its putative membrane receptor. Visualization of these experiments using the endocytotic marker dye, FM 1-43, demonstrated that hormone-mediated membrane trafficking is rapid enough to contribute to ion transport. These results also suggest that vectorial vesicular transport mechanisms were involved to some extent in response to each hormone. Moreover, the pattern for membrane trafficking was different for each agonist.
These combined results indicate that adherent chick enterocytes demonstrate hormone-mediated uptake that occurs more rapidly than cells in suspension or in perfusion studies. This research supports previous studies that identify 25(OH)D3 as an active vitamin D metabolite. The PKA signal transduction pathway is a possible mechanism for PTH- and 25(OH)D3-mediated increases in 45Ca. In addition, a central role for the basal lateral membrane receptor protein, 1,25(OH)2D3MARRS-bp, in 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated 32P uptake is supported. Confocal imaging suggests that the transport mechanism for phosphate or calcium ions in the presence of these hormones involves vesicular carriers.