cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On Performance of Peer Review for Academic Journals: Analysis Based on Distributed Parallel System
Creators: name: Tan, Zong-Yuan
name: Cai, Ning
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Zhang, Sheng-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A simulation model based on parallel systems is established, aiming to explore the relation between the number of submissions and the overall standard of academic journals within a similar discipline under peer review. The model can effectively simulate the submission, review, and acceptance behaviors of academic journals in a distributed manner. According to the simulation experiments, it could possibly happen that the overall standard of academic journals deteriorates due to excessive submissions.
description: This paper is already published in the journal IEEE Access and its copyright is fully open. The title was adjusted according to the review comments
Stable Adaptive Control Using New Critic Designs
Creators: name: Werbos, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical adaptive control proves total-system stability for control of linear plants, but only for plants meeting very restrictive assumptions. Approximate Dynamic Programming (ADP) has the potential, in principle, to ensure stability without such tight restrictions. It also offers nonlinear and neural extensions for optimal control, with empirically supported links to what is seen in the brain. However, the relevant ADP methods in use today -- TD, HDP, DHP, GDHP -- and the Galerkin-based versions of these all have serious limitations when used here as parallel distributed real-time learning systems; either they do not possess quadratic unconditional stability (to be defined) or they lead to incorrect results in the stochastic case. (ADAC or Q-learning designs do not help.) After explaining these conclusions, this paper describes new ADP designs which overcome these limitations. It also addresses the Generalized Moving Target problem, a common family of static optimization problems, and describes a way to stabilize large-scale economic equilibrium models, such as the old long-term energy model of DOE.
description: Includes general reviews of alternative control technologies and reinforcement learning. 4 figs, >70p., >200 eqs. Implementation details, stability analysis. Included in 9/24/98 patent disclosure. pdf version uploaded 2012, based on direct conversion of the original word/html file, because of issues of format compatability
Additional file 2: of Smoking is associated with quantifiable differences in the human lung DNA virome and metabolome
Creators: name: Gregory, Ann
name: Sullivan, Matthew
name: Segal, Leopoldo
name: Keller, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S1. Pie charts of host composition of all bacteriophages. (A) Relative distribution of bacteriophage host phyla. (B-D) Composition of bacteriophage host genera within the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria host phyla, respectively. (DOCX 911 kb)
Energy packet network with negligible service time: a modelling and performance analysis approach to wireless sensor networks
Creators: name: Kadioglu, Yasin Murat
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Autonomous self-organising systems have gained much attention to manage complex tasks without any human interaction. Similarly, simpler systems are also required for the applications of Internet of Things, such as smart home services, wearables, smart cities and connected health systems. These simpler systems provide autonomous standalone devices for remote sensing, processing and transmission of information. However, such devices may not have a reliable connections to power mains or may not be convenient for regular battery replacements. Therefore, local energy capturing from ambient intermittent sources such as vibration, electromagnetic waves, heat or light through harvesting could be of great interest for such devices. This thesis researches mathematical modelling and performance analysis of such autonomous digital devices operating with energy harvesting from intermittent sources. The approach used in this research is based on the Energy Packet Network paradigm where the arrivals of data and energy at devices are considered as discrete random processes. The devices operate by consuming harvested energy in a discrete manner in order to process, store and transmit data (wired or wireless) in a negligible time interval, such that the operation or the workload of the devices is also modelled as a discrete random process. Probability models based on random walks and Markov chains are investigated in this study to predict effective rates at which such devices operate well for different energy consumption scenarios, and to obtain closed-form formulas for stationary probability distributions and to make further analysis on the other quantities of interest. Consequently, a “product form solution” of a cascade network of N nodes where state transitions involve simultaneous state changes in multiple nodes, due to data packets that flow through several nodes consuming energy packets is proposed. A modelling approach to evaluate the effect of several battery attacks on such devices is studied. Finally, optimum placement of wireless nodes into a region where there is a spatial continuous distribution of energy and data traffic is presented for different transmission schemes, and optimisation objectives.
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00385
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00385, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Optimising surgery using bone quality metrics
Creators: name: Boughton, Oliver
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The overall goal of this thesis is to address the growing burden of periprosthetic fractures and revision surgery by aiming to reduce fractures during surgery and by reducing fractures and revision surgery in the long term by reducing stress-shielding. Bone quality determines whether a patient breaks a bone when they sustain an injury and also plays a key role in any operation involving bone. A key component of bone quality is bone stiffness, particularly in joint replacement surgery. There are three main variables that a surgeon needs to know to safely insert a cementless joint replacement implant: The bone stiffness, the impaction force and the implant stiffness. Reliably measuring bone stiffness pre-operatively is currently an unsolved clinical problem. The impaction force is also an unknown variable. In addition, variation in the implant stiffness can potentially affect bone ingrowth, as well as the initial stability of the implant. Microindentation, computed tomography (CT) imaging and ultrasound were used to measure cortical bone stiffness. Microindentation bone elastic modulus measurements, using a large, spherical, indenter tip, correlated with the apparent elastic moduli measured by compression testing. Cortical porosity, measured by CT, correlated strongly with compression testing and ultrasound properties. Cadaveric testing was used to develop a representative in vitro hip replacement impaction testing rig by replicating the boundary conditions of in vivo testing. The importance of implant stiffness in determining bone ingrowth was explored experimentally by using scaffolds of varying degrees of stiffness in a large animal model. This thesis begins to set out a vision for the future: Surgeons armed with reliable information about a patient’s bone stiffness will be able to determine a safe impaction force range for cementless joint replacement. They will then deliver that safe impaction force to an implant that has mechanical properties optimised for that individual patient.
A density-fitting implementation of the density-based basis-set correction method
Creators: name: Heßelmann, Andreas
name: Giner, Emmanuel
name: Reinhardt, Peter
name: Knowles, Peter J.
name: Werner, Hans-Joachim
name: Toulouse, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work reports an efficient density-fitting implementation of the density-based basis-set correction (DBBSC) method in the MOLPRO software. This method consists in correcting the energy calculated by a wave-function method with a given basis set by an adapted basis-set correction density functional incorporating the short-range electron correlation effects missing in the basis set, resulting in an accelerated convergence to the complete-basis-set limit. Different basis-set correction density-functional approximations are explored and the complementary-auxiliary-basis-set single-excitation correction is added. The method is tested on a benchmark set of reaction energies at the second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) level and a comparison with the explicitly correlated MP2-F12 method is provided. The results show that the DBBSC method greatly accelerates the basis convergence of MP2 reaction energies, without reaching the accuracy of the MP2-F12 method but with a lower computational cost.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Temperature Dependent Density Profiles of Dipolar Droplets
Creators: name: Aybar, E.
name: Oktel, M. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, trapped dipolar gases were observed to form high density droplets in a regime where mean field theory predicts collapse. These droplets present a novel form of equilibrium where quantum fluctuations are critical for stability. So far, the effect of quantum fluctuations have only been considered at zero temperature through the local chemical potential arising from the Lee--Huang--Yang correction. Here, we extend the theory of dipolar droplets to non-zero temperatures using Hartree--Fock--Bogoliubov theory (HFBT), and show that the equilibrium is strongly affected by temperature fluctuations. HFBT, together with local density approximation for excitations, reproduces the zero temperature results, and predict that the condensate density can change dramatically even at low temperatures where the total depletion is small. Particularly, we find that typical experimental temperatures ($T \sim $ 100 nK) can significantly modify the transition between low density and droplet phases.
description: Accepted version, 21 pages, 5 figures
Invariant Forms and Automorphisms of Locally Homogeneous Multisymplectic Manifolds
Creators: name: Echeverría-Enríquez, A.
name: Ibort, A.
name: Muñoz-Lecanda, M. C.
name: Román-Roy, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53D35, 57R50, 57S25, 58A10

description: It is shown that the geometry of locally homogeneous multisymplectic manifolds (that is, smooth manifolds equipped with a closed nondegenerate form of degree > 1, which is locally homogeneous of degree k with respect to a local Euler field) is characterized by their automorphisms. Thus, locally homogeneous multisymplectic manifolds extend the family of classical geometries possessing a similar property: symplectic, volume and contact. The proof of the first result relies on the characterization of invariant differential forms with respect to the graded Lie algebra of infinitesimal automorphisms, and on the study of the local properties of Hamiltonian vector fields on locally multisymplectic manifolds. In particular it is proved that the group of multisymplectic diffeomorphisms acts (strongly locally) transitively on the manifold. It is also shown that the graded Lie algebra of infinitesimal automorphisms of a locally homogeneous multisymplectic manifold characterizes their multisymplectic diffeomorphisms.
description: 25 p.; LaTeX file. The paper has been partially rewritten. Some terminology has been changed. The proof of some theorems and lemmas have been revised. The title and the abstract are slightly modified. An appendix is added. The bibliography is updated
Ideals in Triangulated Categories: Phantoms, Ghosts and Skeleta
Creators: name: Christensen, J. Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P42 (Primary) 18G35, 18E30, 55U99 (Secondary)

description: We begin by showing that in a triangulated category, specifying a projective class is equivalent to specifying an ideal I of morphisms with certain properties, and that if I has these properties, then so does each of its powers. We show how a projective class leads to an Adams spectral sequence and give some results on the convergence and collapsing of this spectral sequence. We use this to study various ideals. In the stable homotopy category we examine phantom maps, skeletal phantom maps, superphantom maps, and ghosts. (A ghost is a map which induces the zero map of homotopy groups.) We show that ghosts lead to a stable analogue of the Lusternik-Schnirelmann category of a space, and we calculate this stable analogue for low-dimensional real projective spaces. We also give a relation between ghosts and the Hopf and Kervaire invariant problems. In the case of A-infinity modules over an A-infinity ring spectrum, the ghost spectral sequence is a universal coefficient spectral sequence. From the phantom projective class we derive a generalized Milnor sequence for filtered diagrams of finite spectra, and from this it follows that the group of phantom maps from X to Y can always be described as a lim^1 group. The last two sections focus on algebraic examples. In the derived category of an abelian category we study the ideal of maps inducing the zero map of homology groups and find a natural setting for a result of Kelly on the vanishing of composites of such maps. We also explain how pure exact sequences relate to phantom maps in the derived category of a ring and give an example showing that phantoms can compose non-trivially.
description: 55 pages. Contains corrections compared to the published version. See the last page for details
Efficient, low noise, mode-selective quantum memory
Creators: name: Thomas, Sarah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Photonic quantum information processing is a key element for scalable quantum technologies, and has applications in secure long-distance quantum communication and connecting nodes of a quantum computation network. However, logical photon-photon gates and state-of-the-art single photon sources rely on probabilistic processes. Quantum memories are devices that enable storage and on-demand recall of quantum states of light, and have been highlighted as a vital component in photonic networks to overcome the scaling problem by synchronising probabilistic processes. The Raman memory has a large storage bandwidth and high synchronising capacity, and is an ideal candidate for local synchronisation. However, previous demonstrations of the Raman memory suffer from four-wave mixing noise, which prohibits quantum level operation. In this thesis I investigate methods to increase the signal to noise ratio in the Raman memory. I investigate increasing the light-matter coupling strength to boost the memory efficiency, and then explore two different methods to suppress four-wave mixing noise. I demonstrate that operating the Raman memory in a cavity is successful in reducing four-wave mixing, but it is technically challenging to maintain a high memory efficiency. I investigate a new method of noise suppression by introducing an absorption feature at the frequency of the unwanted noise field. This technically simple method is successful in reducing the noise by an order of magnitude, and will be applicable to many quantum memory protocols. In the final section of this thesis I explore the temporal mode properties of the Raman memory. I demonstrate that the Raman memory is single mode and can be used to separate and manipulate temporal modes of light. This positions the Raman memory as a key device for enabling high-dimensional photonic quantum information processing, and enhancing light-matter interactions. These results pave the way towards an efficient, low-noise, mode-selective quantum memory.
Motacilla svecica Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla svecica

description: Motacilla svecica [spec. nov.]
M. pectore ferrugineo fascia caerulea, rectricibus fuscis versus basin ferrugineis.
Motacilla pectore caeruleo: macula flavescente albedine cincta. Fn. svec. 220.
Wegflecklin. Gesn. av. 796. Aldr. orn. 749. Will. orn. 160. Raj. av. 78.
Ruticilla gutture caeruleo. Edw. av. 28. t. 28.
Phoenicurus pectore caeruleo. Frisch. av. 3. t. 19. f. 3. 4.
Wydengyckerlin. Gesn. av. 796.
Habitat in Europae alpinis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 187, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Role of the $Z$ polarization in the $H \rightarrow b\bar{b}$ measurement
Creators: name: Goncalves, Dorival
name: Nakamura, Junya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely known that the $ZH$ production channel provides a promising probe to the $H \rightarrow b\bar{b}$ decay at the LHC, when the Higgs and the $Z$ bosons are highly boosted along the transverse direction. We show how information on the $Z$ boson polarization -- that is disregarded in the current LHC analyses -- can relevantly improve the signal from background discrimination, helping us to observe and achieve a larger precision for the $H \rightarrow b\bar{b}$ measurement in the $Z(\ell\ell)H$ channel.
description: 6 pages and 4 figures; v2: matches the PRD version
Additional file 1: of Exploring the vagueness of Religion & Spirituality in complex pediatric decision-making: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Superdock, Alexandra
name: Barfield, Raymond
name: Brandon, Debra
name: Docherty, Sharron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Participants & interviews by case. Table S2. additional HCP quotes. (DOCX 24 kb)
An investigation into the contribution of airway cells to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Toshner, Richard
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is a debilitating lung disease leading to progressive destruction of the alveolar parenchyma. It is believed to be the result of an uncontrolled wound healing response triggered by repetitive injury to the alveolar epithelium and a self-propagating cycle of epithelial cell injury, fibroblast activation and collagen deposition. The hypothesis explored here is that airway macrophage and bronchial epithelial cell dysfunction contributes to the fibrotic process in the IPF lung, in part through the regulation of the IL-33/ST2 signalling axis. This hypothesis was investigated by examination of airway macrophage phenotype by flow cytometry, and characterisation of gene expression and in vitro function at baseline and in response to stimulation of cultured human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and lung fibroblasts. These data demonstrated that airway macrophages(AMs) in IPF and healthy control volunteers exhibit a complex spectrum of activation and do not conform to the bipolar M1/M2 paradigm of macrophage polarisation. AMs exhibit high levels of expression of both M1 and M2 markers and no difference was found when comparing marker expression between IPF and healthy control. Results of bronchial epithelial phenotyping were in accordance with a body of work suggesting the IPF lung to be a mucin rich environment, with an increase in the expression of MUC5AC expressing airway cells. This work also found an increase in SCGB1A1 expressing club cells in bronchioles in IPF when compared to healthy control lung tissue. This study did not find in vitro functional differences of IPF HBECs when examining proliferation, tight junction formation, barrier function, or direct effect on fibroblast extracellular matrix(ECM) regulation. Aside from an increase, in gene expression of a negative regulator of the IL-33 signalling axis (SIGIRR)in IPF HBECs compared to healthy control - this study not demonstrate any differences in IL-33/ST2 axis expression in airway, tissue or in the alveolar space in IPF. This work did not demonstrate evidence to support the hypothesis that AMs and HBECs contribute to the development of IPF and did not show any direct pro-fibrotic effects of the IL-33/ST2 signalling axis in IPF.
Model-order reductions for stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Pangerl, Christian Josef
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: The thesis at hand focuses on approaches towards model-order reduction for stochastic differential equations (SDEs). In particular we consider manifold-based reduction strategies, which rely on a splitting of phase space into subspaces in which the (linearly) stable and (linearly) unstable variables, respectively, assume their values. One then proposes a suitable manifold, which serves as parameterisation of the stable variables in terms of the unstable variables. This manifold can be used to obtain a lower-dimensional system of SDEs for the unstable variables only. It is of interest to compare the qualitative properties of the reduced system to those of the original system. In particular one can ask the following questions: Which features of the original system are preserved in the obtained reduced system and what determines the quality of the reduction? In order to provide an answer to these questions we firstly investigate a so-called ABC system. This SDE is three dimensional having two (linearly) unstable variables denoted by A and B and one (linearly) stable variable denoted by C. We apply the theory of Taylor approximations to random invariant manifolds, which provides us with candidates for suitable parameterisations of the stable variable C in terms of A and B. Based on recent results obtained by Chekroun et al., we introduce the notion of local parameterising manifolds in expectation, which relate the energy unexplained by the parameterisation to the overall energy in the stable variable. This notion enables us to quantify the suitability of a given manifold for reducing the ABC system. The first set of results then establish conditions under which certain examples of random and deterministic manifolds discussed in the literature can be shown to also constitute local parameterising manifolds in expectation. We then consider a three dimensional slow-fast system and take advantage of the associated slow manifold to arrive at a lower-dimensional reduced model. We then seek to derive an upper bound on the discrepancy between appropriate marginals of the invariant measures for the original and reduced system, respectively. More specifically, for the employed metric we show an upper bounded in terms of an additive constant and a quantity capturing the expected deviation between the fast variable and its prediction by means of the slow manifold. Similar results are obtained for stochastic generalisations of the slow manifold. We also prove analogous bounds for a complementary class of SDEs using a simplified approach. In summary we find evidence that quantities related to the parameterisation defect are connected to long-term approximation properties of the reduced relative to the original system on the level of invariant measures.
Motacilla sialis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla sialis

description: Motacilla sialis [spec. nov.]
M. supra caerulea, subtus tota rubra.
Rubecula dorso caeruleo. Catesb. car. 1. p. 47. t. 47. Edw. av. 24. t. 24.
Habitat in Bermudis & America calidiore.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 187, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Seeing dark matter via acceleration radiation
Creators: name: Bukhari, Syed Masood A. S.
name: Wang, Li-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite constituting a noteworthy $\sim 27\%$ share of the total energy budget of our Universe, dark matter (DM) has thus far eluded direct observations. Owing to its pervasive nature, there is a sincere expectation that astrophysical black holes (BHs) encompassed by DM should leave distinctive imprints on the gravitational waves arising from BH mergers. Theoretical models of DM present a diverse landscape of possibilities, with perfect fluid dark matter (PFDM) emerging as a recent and notably intriguing candidate model. In this work, utilizing the established quantum optical approach, we investigate the possibility of catching DM signatures via acceleration radiation emitted by a freely-falling detector (e.g. an atom) within a PFDM-surrounded Schwarzschild BH. The setup involves a Casimir-type apparatus where the detector interacts with the field, and this situation induces excitations in the detector in a manner consistent with Unruh effect. We observe that our DM candidate, while making classical contributions to spacetime geometry, has the potential to leave quantum imprints in the radiation flux. Notably, it is observed that, in comparison to a pure Schwarzschild BH, PFDM can markedly reduce particle emission as long as its density remains below a critical threshold, and vice versa. Given the lessons we have learnt from realizing cosmological phenomena in simulated laboratory conditions, there is a remote possibility that such study may perhaps provide insights (to whatever degree !) into the future table-top experiments in analogue gravity paradigm.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Photodisintegration of 4He nucleus into p3H and n3He channels in the potential cluster models
Creators: name: Dubovichenko, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Processes of direct cluster photodisintegration of 4He nucleus into p3H and n3He channels are considered on the base of two-cluster potential models. Intercluster interactions being in agreement with elastic scattering phase shifts and characteristics of the bound state of a nucleus have, in some cases, forbidden states. The scattering phase shifts and potentials are separated in the channels with minimum spin on the base of Young schemes and isospin states.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 18 references
Survival, absorption and escape of interacting diffusing particles
Creators: name: Agranov, Tal
name: Meerson, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At finite concentrations of reacting molecules, kinetics of diffusion-controlled reactions is affected by intra-reactant interactions. As a result, multi-particle reaction statistics cannot be deduced from single-particle results. Here we briefly review a recent progress in overcoming this fundamental difficulty. We show that the fluctuating hydrodynamics and macroscopic fluctuation theory provide a simple, general and versatile framework for studying a whole class of problems of survival, absorption and escape of interacting diffusing particles.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures, a mini-review
A study of systems of two cross-interacting species
Creators: name: Schmidtchen, Markus
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: This dissertation is dedicated to studying certain systems of two different species that interact with each other both locally and nonlocally. The systems under consideration are given as a combination of three contributions — nonlinear and nonlocal drifts that model the self-interactions and cross-interactions, re- spectively, between the agents of both species, cross-diffusion terms that de- scribe the dispersal of both species either due to an intrinsic urge to avoid over- crowding or due to size-exclusion effects, and cross-reaction terms that govern the birth and death processes within both subpopulations. These systems typ- ically arise in biomedical or physical contexts and display a variety of fascinat- ing behaviours such as self-sorting phenomena with a rich variety of patterns exhibiting regimes of segregation or mixing. While their one-species counter- parts are well-understood, coupled systems tend to have a higher complexity as many techniques that work for single equations fail in the case of coupled systems. With the results of this dissertation we add new insights to the current discourse of cross-interacting systems. For a certain choice of interaction potentials we provide explicit stationary states and travelling pulse solutions and we propose a numerical scheme whose solutions agree well with the analytical solutions. For a related model, the finite volume scheme is proven to converge. Besides, we prove and generalise an existence result for a certain class of reaction-cross- diffusion systems. Last we provide an existence result for a purely nonlocal interaction system with Newtonian interactions.
Additional file 1: of Smoking is associated with quantifiable differences in the human lung DNA virome and metabolome
Creators: name: Gregory, Ann
name: Sullivan, Matthew
name: Segal, Leopoldo
name: Keller, Brian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Table S1. Virome library read counts. (DOCX 14 kb)
Quiver flag varieties and mirror symmetry
Creators: name: Kalashnikov, Elana
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Quiver flag zero loci are subvarieties of quiver flag varieties cut out by sections of representation theoretic vector bundles. Grassmannians are an example of quiver flag varieties. The Abelian/non-Abelian correspondence is a conjecture relating the Gromov--Witten invariants of a non-Abelian GIT quotient to the same invariants of an Abelian GIT quotient. In the first chapter, we show how the conjecture in the case of Grassmannians arises from Givental's loop space mirror heuristics. We then prove the Abelian/non-Abelian Correspondence for quiver flag zero loci: this allows us to compute their genus zero Gromov--Witten invariants. We determine the ample cone of a quiver flag variety. In joint work with Tom Coates and Alexander Kasprzyk, we use these results to find all four-dimensional Fano manifolds that occur as quiver flag zero loci in ambient spaces of dimension up to 8, and compute their quantum periods. In this way we find at least 141 new four-dimensional Fano manifolds. In the last chapter, we describe a conjectural method for finding mirrors to these fourfolds, and implement this in several examples.
ChaCha: Leveraging Large Language Models to Prompt Children to Share Their Emotions about Personal Events
Creators: name: Seo, Woosuk
name: Yang, Chanmo
name: Kim, Young-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.7

description: Children typically learn to identify and express emotions through sharing their stories and feelings with others, particularly their family. However, it is challenging for parents or siblings to have emotional communication with children since children are still developing their communication skills. We present ChaCha, a chatbot that encourages and guides children to share personal events and associated emotions. ChaCha combines a state machine and large language models (LLMs) to keep the dialogue on track while carrying on free-form conversations. Through an exploratory study with 20 children (aged 8-12), we examine how ChaCha prompts children to share personal events and guides them to describe associated emotions. Participants perceived ChaCha as a close friend and shared their stories on various topics, such as family trips and personal achievements. Based on the findings, we discuss opportunities for leveraging LLMs to design child-friendly chatbots to support children in sharing emotions.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; Accepted at ACM CHI 2024. More details at https://naver-ai.github.io/chacha/
Photoprocesses for the 3H4He and 3He4He channels in the cluster potential model
Creators: name: Dubovichenko, S. B.
name: Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative capture in the 4He3H and 4He3He channels are considered for the 7Li and 7Be nuclei. The analysis is based on the corresponding two-cluster models. The potentials of cluster interaction include forbidden states and are made to be consistent with the phase shifts of elastic scattering at energies up to 20 MeV. Such an approach is shown to describe the total cross sections for photoprocesses over the entire energy region under consideration.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 14 references
Multi-period structure of electro-weak phase transition in the 3-3-1-1 model
Creators: name: Phong, Vo Quoc
name: Tuong, N. T.
name: Thao, N. C.
name: Long, H. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electroweak phase transition (EWPT) is considered in the framework of 3-3-1-1 model for Dark Matter. The phase structure within three or two periods is approximated for the theory with many vacuum expectation values (VEVs) at TeV and Electroweak scales. In the mentioned model, there are two pictures. The first picture containing two periods of EWPT, has a transition $SU(3) \rightarrow SU(2)$ at 6 TeV scale and another is $SU(2) \rightarrow U(1)$ transition which is the like-standard model EWPT. The second picture is an EWPT structure containing three periods, in which two first periods are similar to those of the first picture and another one is the symmetry breaking process of $U(1)_N$ subgroup. Our study leads to the conclusion that EWPTs are the first order phase transitions when new bosons are triggers and their masses are within range of some TeVs. Especially, in two pictures, the maximum strength of the $SU(2) \rightarrow U(1)$ phase transition is equal to 2.12 so this EWPT is not strong. Moreover, neutral fermions, which are candidates for Dark Matter and obey the Fermi-Dirac distribution, can be a negative trigger for EWPT. However, they do not make lose the first-order EWPT at TeV scale. Furthermore, in order to be the strong first-order EWPT at TeV scale, the symmetry breaking processes must produce more bosons than fermions or the mass of bosons must be much larger than that of fermions.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures, PRD Journal version
The photoprocesses in the Nd and d3He systems on the basis of potential cluster models
Creators: name: Dubovichenko, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct cluster disintegration and radiative capture in the pd, nd, and d3He channels are considered on the basis of potential two-cluster models. Interaction between clusters is described by potentials that, in some cases, involve forbidden states and which are fitted to the phase shifts of elastic scattering at low energies. Phase shifts and potentials of scattering are separated according to the Young orbital diagrams.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, 15 references
Novel microRNA regulation of skeletal and cardiac muscle mass in chronic disease
Creators: name: Connolly, Martin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Skeletal muscle is a major tissue in the body, and, as a consequence of chronic illness or ageing, can be lost in a process known as wasting or atrophy. Muscle wasting individuals have a worse quality of life and increased mortality. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduction in mass are not well understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that reduce mRNA half-life and translation. Previous work by the group identified miR-424-5p and miR-1-5p as being up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, in a cohort of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this thesis, the expression of miR-424-5p was determined in cohorts of individuals who are sarcopenic and those with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW), and found to be up-regulated compared to controls. miR-424-5p associated negatively with measures of disease severity in all cohorts, and muscle mass and function in COPD. In vitro studies revealed miR-424-5p inhibited the expression of components required to transcribe ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and reduced maximal translational capacity. Targeting of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) by miR-424-5p was also confirmed. In vivo, overexpression of this miRNA caused atrophy in tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of mice and downregulation of mature rRNAs, suggesting that miRNA induced ribosomal stress may contribute to the atrophy. miR-424-5p expression was down-regulated in the hypertrophied right ventricle (RV) of rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), while IGF-1 protein and rRNA was up-regulated, suggesting targets of this miRNA may promote hypertrophy following miR-424-5p downregulation. Additionally, miR-1-5p was shown to target TGF-βR1 (alk5), and these components were down-regulated and up-regulated respectively in the RV of PAH rats, suggesting another mechanism of hypertrophy propagation. Together, these data present novel mechanisms through which skeletal and cardiac muscle mass may be regulated in chronic disease and ageing.
PassViz: A Visualisation System for Analysing Leaked Passwords
Creators: name: Parker, Sam
name: Yuan, Haiyue
name: Li, Shujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Passwords remain the most widely used form of user authentication, despite advancements in other methods. However, their limitations, such as susceptibility to attacks, especially weak passwords defined by human users, are well-documented. The existence of weak human-defined passwords has led to repeated password leaks from websites, many of which are of large scale. While such password leaks are unfortunate security incidents, they provide security researchers and practitioners with good opportunities to learn valuable insights from such leaked passwords, in order to identify ways to improve password policies and other security controls on passwords. Researchers have proposed different data visualisation techniques to help analyse leaked passwords. However, many approaches rely solely on frequency analysis, with limited exploration of distance-based graphs. This paper reports PassViz, a novel method that combines the edit distance with the t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding) dimensionality reduction algorithm for visualising and analysing leaked passwords in a 2-D space. We implemented PassViz as an easy-to-use command-line tool for visualising large-scale password databases, and also as a graphical user interface (GUI) to support interactive visual analytics of small password databases. Using the "000webhost" leaked database as an example, we show how PassViz can be used to visually analyse different aspects of leaked passwords and to facilitate the discovery of previously unknown password patterns. Overall, our approach empowers researchers and practitioners to gain valuable insights and improve password security through effective data visualisation and analysis.
description: Please cite this paper as follows: Sam Parker, Haiyue Yuan and Shujun Li (2023) PassViz: An Interactive Visualisation System for Analysing Leaked Passwords. Proceedings of the 2023 20th IEEE Symposium on Visualization for Cyber Security (VizSec 2023), pp.33-42, IEEE, doi: 10.1109/VizSec60606.2023.00011
Radiative capture in 4He12C channel of 16O nucleus in the potential cluster model
Creators: name: Dubovichenko, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative capture processes in 4He12C channel of 16O nucleus are considered on the basis of potential two-cluster model with intercluster interactions which contain forbidden states and reproduce phase shifts of elastic scattering and some characteristics of bound states. Astrophysical S-factors are calculated at low energies. It was shown that the model used enables to describe the total cross-sections of the photoprocesses.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, 19 references
Motacilla velia Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Motacillidae
Motacilla
Motacilla velia

description: Motacilla velia [spec. nov.]
M. caerulea, ventre clunibusque rufescentibus.
Muscicapa caerulea, ventre rubro. Edw. av. 22. t. 22.
Habitat Surinami.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 188, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe-Xe collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, the ALICE Collaboration presents the first measurements of the charged-particle multiplicity density, $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}η$, and total charged-particle multiplicity, $N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$, in Xe-Xe collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon--nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 5.44 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of collision centrality over a wide pseudorapidity range of $-3.5 < η< 5$. The values of $\rm{d}N_{\rm{ch}}/\rm{d}η$ at mid-rapidity and $N_{\rm{ch}}^{\rm{tot}}$ for central collisions, normalised to the number of nucleons participating in the collision ($N_{\rm{part}}$) as a function of $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, follow the trends established in previous heavy-ion measurements. The same quantities are also found to increase as a function of $N_{\rm{part}}$, and up to the 5% most central collisions the trends are the same as the ones observed in Pb-Pb at a similar energy. For more central collisions, the Xe-Xe scaled multiplicities exceed those in Pb-Pb for a similar $N_{\rm{part}}$. The results are compared to phenomenological models and theoretical calculations based on different mechanisms for particle production in nuclear collisions. All considered models describe the data reasonably well within 15%.
description: 25 pages, 7 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 20, published, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/4293
Photoprocesses on the 6Li nucleus in the potential cluster model
Creators: name: Dubovichenko, S. B.
name: Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photodisintegration of the 6Li nucleus through the channels 3He3H, 4He2H and the corresponding radiative capture are considered in simple two-cluster models. Potentials with forbidden states which reproduce the phase shifts of elastic scattering up to energies of 20 MeV are was used to describe cluster interactions. It is shown that such the potential cluster model provides an accurate description of total cross sections for photonuclear processes over the entire energy region under consideration.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 14 references