cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HOW TO CONSIDER GOVERNANCE IN ECONOMIC POLICY MODELING?
Creators: name: Gaitan, Beatriz
name: Pavel, Ferdinand
name: Gaitan, Beatriz
name: Pavel, Ferdinand
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Political Economy

description: We develop a framework where economic agents choose between becoming productive entrepreneurs or re-distributive rent seekers. Rent seekers use economic resources to extract rents and thus their existence generates an inefficient economic outcome. We study the welfare impact of rent seeking activities and show that their reduction is welfare improving.
Comment on a Phys. Rev. Lett. paper: "All-Electron Self-Consistent GW Approximation: Application to Si, MnO, and NiO". Magnetic moment of NiO
Creators: name: Radwanski, R. J.
name: Ropka, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We claim that any approach neglecting the spin-orbit coupling and the orbital magnetism is not physically adequate for 3d oxides, including NiO, and that in reaching "excellent agreement" in a Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 126406 (2004) paper too small experimental value of 1.9 muB has been taken for the Ni magnetic moment despite publication of a new experimental value of 2.2 muB, at 300 K yielding 2.6 muB at T = 0 K, already in a year of 1998.
description: 2 pages
title: Financial Inclusion—What’s it Worth?
Creators: name: Ampudia, Michael
name: Ehrmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: The paper studies the determinants of being unbanked in the euro area and the United States as well as the effects of being unbanked on wealth accumulation. Based on household-level data from The Eurosystem Household Finance and Consumption Survey and the U.S. Survey of Consumer Finances, it first documents that there are, respectively, 3.6 per cent and 7.5 per cent of unbanked households in the two economies. Low-income households, unemployed households and those with a poor education are the most likely to be affected, remarkably more so in the United States than in the euro area. At the same time, there is a role for government policies in fostering financial inclusion. Using a propensity score matching approach to estimate the effects of being unbanked, we found that banked households report substantially higher net wealth than their unbanked counterparts, with a gap of around €74,000 for the euro area and $42,000 for the United States. A potential reason for this wealth difference is that banked households are considerably more likely to accumulate wealth through ownership of their principal residence.
description: Cet article examine les déterminants de la non-bancarisation en zone euro et aux États-Unis ainsi que ses effets sur l’accumulation de la richesse. À partir de données sur les ménages tirées de l’enquête sur les finances et la consommation des ménages au sein de l’Eurosystème et de l’enquête menée par la Réserve fédérale américaine sur les finances des consommateurs, il établit d’abord que la proportion des ménages non bancarisés dans ces deux économies atteint 3,6 % et 7,5 % respectivement. Les ménages à faible revenu, les ménages frappés par le chômage et les ménages peu scolarisés sont les plus susceptibles d’être touchés, et c’est particulièrement le cas aux États-Unis. Par ailleurs, les politiques gouvernementales ont un rôle à jouer pour favoriser l’inclusion financière. Recourant à une méthode d’appariement par score de propension pour estimer les effets de la non-bancarisation, les auteurs constatent que les ménages bancarisés déclarent une richesse nette sensiblement supérieure à leurs homologues non bancarisés, l’écart représentant environ 74 000 € pour la zone euro et quelque 42 000 $ pour les États-Unis. Cet écart pourrait notamment tenir au fait que les ménages bancarisés sont beaucoup plus susceptibles d’accumuler de la richesse en devenant propriétaires de leur résidence principale.
ENVIRONMENTAL LABELING OF ELECTRICITY: EFFECTS ON CONSUMER UNCERTAINTY ABOUT PRODUCT ATTRIBUTES AND LIKELIHOOD TO BUY DECISIONS
Creators: name: Teisl, Mario F.
name: Rong, Huaping
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Levy, Alan S.
name: Teisl, Mario F.
name: Rong, Huaping
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Levy, Alan S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Using data collected by the U.S. Department of Energy we test how price and environmental marketing and labeling affects respondents' uncertainty about product attributes and about their purchase intentions.
Oscillations of Induced Magnetization in Superconductor-Ferromagnet Heterostructures
Creators: name: Kharitonov, M. Yu.
name: Volkov, A. F.
name: Efetov, K. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a change in the spin magnetization of a superconductor-ferromagnet (SF) heterostructure, when temperature is lowered below the superconducting transition temperature. It is assumed that the SF interface is smooth on the atomic scale and the mean free path is not too short. Solving the Eilenberger equation we show that the spin magnetic moment induced in the superconductor is an oscillating sign-changing function of the product $hd$ of the exchange field $h$ and the thickness $d$ of the ferromagnet. Therefore the total spin magnetic moment of the system in the superconducting state can be not only smaller (screening) but also greater (anti-screening) than that in the normal state, in contrast with the case of highly disordered (diffusive) systems, where only screening is possible. This surprising effect is due to peculiar periodic properties of localized Andreev states in the system. It is most pronounced in systems with ideal ballistic transport (no bulk disorder in the samples, smooth ideally transparent interface), however these ideal conditions are not crucial for the very existence of the effect. We show that oscillations exist (although suppressed) even for arbitrary low interface transparency and in the presence of bulk disorder, provided that $h τ\gg 1$ ($τ$ -- mean free path). At low interface transparency we solve the problem for arbitrary strength of disorder and obtain oscillating magnetization in ballistic regime ($h τ\gg 1$) and nonoscillating magnetization in diffusive one ($h τ\ll 1$) as limiting cases of one formula.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
DETERMINANTS OF BORROWER DROPOUT IN MICROFINANCE: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN MALI
Creators: name: Pagura, Maria E.
name: Graham, Douglas H.
name: Meyer, Richard L.
name: Pagura, Maria E.
name: Graham, Douglas H.
name: Meyer, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Repeat borrowing is critical for the long-term financial viability of microfinance institutions (MFIs), which provide financial services to low-income households in developing countries. Repeat borrowers reduce MFI administrative costs, lower risks, and increase institutional productivity. In this paper we study the determinants of borrower dropout of an MFI operating in an urban center in Mali. Specifically, we quantify the explicit and implicit costs that a borrower must incur in obtaining loans from an MFI.
Constraining the masses of high-redshift clusters with weak lensing: Revised shape calibration testing for the impact of stronger shears and increased blending
Creators: name: Hernandez-Martin, B.
name: Schrabback, T.
name: Hoekstra, H.
name: Martinet, N.
name: Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.
name: Bleem, L. E.
name: Gladders, M. D.
name: Stalder, B.
name: Stark, A. A.
name: Bayliss, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: WL measurements have well-known shear estimation biases, which can be partially corrected for with the use of image simulations. We present an analysis of simulated images that mimic HST/ACS observations of high-redshift galaxy clusters, including cluster specific issues such as non-weak shear and increased blending. Our synthetic galaxies have been generated to match the observed properties of the background-selected samples in the real images. First, we used simulations with galaxies on a grid to determine a revised signal-to-noise-dependent correction for multiplicative shear measurement bias, and to quantify the sensitivity of our bias calibration to mismatches of galaxy or PSF properties between the real data and the simulations. We studied the impact of increased blending and light contamination from cluster and foreground galaxies, finding it negligible for $z>0.7$ clusters, whereas there is an effect at the $\sim 1\%$ level for lower redshift clusters. Finally, we studied the impact of fainter neighbours and selection bias mimicking the positions and magnitudes of galaxies in CANDELS data. The initial SExtractor object detection causes a selection bias of $-0.028 \pm 0.002$, reduced to $-0.016 \pm 0.002$ by further cuts. We compared our CANDELS-based estimate to a grid-based analysis, with added clustered galaxies reaching even fainter magnitudes, yielding a refined estimate of $\sim -0.013$. Our pipeline is calibrated to an accuracy of $\sim 0.015$, which is fully sufficient for current and near-future weak lensing studies of high-redshift clusters. As an application, we used it for a refined analysis of three highly relaxed clusters from the SPT-SZ survey, including measurements down to $r>200$ kpc. Compared to previously employed scales, this tightens the cluster mass constraints by a factor 1.38 on average.
description: 21 pages, 19 figures. Matches the version accepted for publication in A&A
THE ROLE OF EXPORTS IN ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH REFERENCE TO ETHIOPIAN COUNTRY
Creators: name: Chemeda, Faye Ensermu
name: Chemeda, Faye Ensermu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Development
International Relations/Trade

description: This study applies the Cobb-Douglas function model to analyze the effects of exports on economic growth in context of Ethiopian economy. To determine the relationship between export and economic growth, an attempt will be made to use econometrics techniques of analysis (co-integration system) by using the RATS software package for the time series data from 1950 to 1986. The lack of capital stock data is overcome by using the ratio of real investment to real gross domestic product (I/Y), in a place of capital stock while lack of labour force data is overcome by using the real gross domestic product per capita. The results suggest that the real export and (I/Y) are co-integrated with real GDP per capita. These results of the findings support the idea that the rate of growth of real exports has a positive effect on the rate of economic growth in context of the Ethiopian economy. Even strong positive relationship exists between real export and real growth domestic product per capita in long run rather than in short run when it is compared real exports with that of (I/Y). Thus, the contribution of real exports to economic growth in context of Ethiopian economy is greater in long run than in short run.
LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC GOODS PROVISION
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Zhang, Linxiu
name: Huang, Jikun
name: Zhang, Xiaobo
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Zhang, Linxiu
name: Huang, Jikun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Since the early nineties, tens of thousands of villages have held elections of their leaders in rural China. Using a recent village survey, this paper empirically examines the impact of election on public goods provision to the rural community. We found that elected officials tend to tax less on constituents and provide them more with public services.
title: Global Macro Risks in Currency Excess Returns
Creators: name: Berg, Kimberly A.
name: Mark, Nelson C.
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We study a cross section of carry-trade-generated currency excess returns in terms of their exposure to global fundamental macroeconomic risk. The cross-country high-minuslow (HML) conditional skewness of the unemployment gap—our measure of global macroeconomic uncertainty—is a factor that is robustly priced in currency excess returns. A widening of the HML gap signifies increasing divergence, disparity and inequality of economic performance across countries.
description: Nous analysons un échantillon de portefeuilles en nous intéressant à la variation des suppléments de rendement dégagés sur des opérations de portage qui est observée quand est prise en compte l’exposition aux facteurs de risque macroéconomique à l’échelle internationale. Nos résultats montrent de manière robuste que l’asymétrie conditionnelle HML de l’écart du taux de chômage entre pays – notre mesure de l’incertitude macroéconomique dans le monde – est un facteur de risque fréquemment intégré dans les suppléments de rendement obtenus sur les opérations de portage de devises. Un élargissement de cet écart HML signale des divergences, des disparités et des inégalités croissantes dans les performances économiques des pays.
Geometrical Tools for Teaching Azeotropy Using Simplified Thermodynamic Models
Creators: name: Platt, Gustavo Mendes
name: Libotte, Gustavo Barbosa
name: Neto, Francisco Duarte Moura
name: Goulart, Douglas Alves
name: Lobato, Fran Sérgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we propose a geometric view of the azeotropy problem, using some simplified models. We demonstrate that the occurrence of azeotropes in binary mixtures can be viewed-geometrically-as the intersection of curves in the plane (for some models, these curves are parabolas). Furthermore, the idea of functions from the plane to the plane is used to help understand the azeotropic phenomenon. These ideas are illustrated with two simple cases, with one and two azeotropes, allowing the analysis of a unusual thermodynamic behavior-such as double azeotropy-with simple mathematical tools, by undergraduate students in Chemical Engineering courses.
A general theory of minimum aberration and its applications
Creators: name: Cheng, Ching-Shui
name: Tang, Boxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62K15 (Primary)

description: Minimum aberration is an increasingly popular criterion for comparing and assessing fractional factorial designs, and few would question its importance and usefulness nowadays. In the past decade or so, a great deal of work has been done on minimum aberration and its various extensions. This paper develops a general theory of minimum aberration based on a sound statistical principle. Our theory provides a unified framework for minimum aberration and further extends the existing work in the area. More importantly, the theory offers a systematic method that enables experimenters to derive their own aberration criteria. Our general theory also brings together two seemingly separate research areas: one on minimum aberration designs and the other on designs with requirement sets. To facilitate the design construction, we develop a complementary design theory for quite a general class of aberration criteria. As an immediate application, we present some construction results on a weak version of this class of criteria.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000001228 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Explaining Regional Demand for Federal Farm Credit Programs: An Ordinal Probit Approach
Creators: name: Dodson, Charles B.
name: Koenig, Steven R.
name: Dodson, Charles B.
name: Koenig, Steven R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Demand and Price Analysis

description: Demand for federally subsidized farm credit varies regionally, with farm borrowers in some regions very dependent on USDA credit programs. Counties are grouped based on their level of demand for Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct farm ownership (FO) and farm operating loans (OL). Ordinal probit techniques are applied to analyze factors influencing county-level variation in the use of the loan programs. Results suggest that counties with the highest level of demand are more likely to have a Farm Credit System branch office, are more likely to be dependent on farming, have a greater share of farms owing debt, and have fewer guaranteed FSA borrowers and racial and ethnic minorities.
The precipitation of calcium carbonate via a bubbling method in the presence of Mg2+ and glucose
Creators: name: Tao, Zhenya
name: Xiangwei Cheng
name: Huo, Chao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The effect of Mg2+ on the crystallization of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) via a bubbling carbonation method and the mechanism of eliminating its influence by glucose were investigated. The polymorph and morphology of crystals were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These results demonstrated that Mg2+ and Mg/Ca molar ratio played significant roles on the morphology of PCC. When the Mg/Ca molar ratio was below 0.5, only spindle-like calcite formed. The rod-like aragonite started to form when the ratio was 0.6. As the ratio increased, the amount of aragonite increased and the length of rod-like aragonite became longer. Notably, the effect of Mg2+ could be eliminated efficiently when the 1.5 wt% glucose was added into the carbonation system, in which system, the PCC crystals were all spindle-like calcite. Furthermore, the mechanism of the glucose to eliminate the influence of Mg2+ on PCC crystallization was proposed.
de.NBI in the context of artificial intelligence methods
Creators: name: De.NBI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Machine Learning
AI

description: The German Network for Bioinformatics Infrastructure (de.NBI) supports the German government's AI offensive. The collection, evaluation and skilful use of training data is key to the development of new artificial intelligence methods and their transfer to new application areas such as biomedicine. de.NBI is ideally positioned to make contributions in these areas.
Probability Models for Degree Distributions of Protein Interaction Networks
Creators: name: Stumpf, Michael P. H.
name: Ingram, Piers J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The degree distribution of many biological and technological networks has been described as a power-law distribution. While the degree distribution does not capture all aspects of a network, it has often been suggested that its functional form contains important clues as to underlying evolutionary processes that have shaped the network. Generally, the functional form for the degree distribution has been determined in an ad-hoc fashion, with clear power-law like behaviour often only extending over a limited range of connectivities. Here we apply formal model selection techniques to decide which probability distribution best describes the degree distributions of protein interaction networks. Contrary to previous studies this well defined approach suggests that the degree distribution of many molecular networks is often better described by distributions other than the popular power-law distribution. This, in turn, suggests that simple, if elegant, models may not necessarily help in the quantitative understanding of complex biological processes.\
The Impact of Brazil and Argentina's Currency Devaluation on U.S. Soybean Trade
Creators: name: Andino, Jose
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Andino, Jose
name: Mulik, Kranti
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: We analyzed the effects of Brazil and Argentina's currency devaluation on the U.S. soybean import demand in major importing countries. Results indicate that nominal exchange rates between the United States and importers affect the U.S. soybean export market. Additionally, we found evidence that currency depreciations have favored soybean exports from Argentina and Brazil at the cost of reduced exports from the United States. Increased world soybean demand has promoted export sales from major producers, affecting export prices. Adoption of GM soybeans in the United States has been a determinant in decreased U.S. soybean import demand.
Teaching sustainable resource management in uncertain environment
Creators: name: Huck, Petra
name: Salhofer, Klaus
name: Huck, Petra
name: Salhofer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Dynamic evolutions of resource stocks with stochastic elements in the transition equation are in general very difficult to master. Their handling requires a deep understanding of control theory, probability theory and sometimes even of game theory due to strategic interaction of 'agents'. But without strong mathematical backgrounds, students from adjacent research fields have a hard time with control theory. The same is true for probability theory and game theory. One way to avoid this problem is to change the aim: instead of target function optimization, guarantee the continuance of the system within certain boundaries. The latter relates to Viability theory. Unfortunately, even Viability theory requires more mathematics than the 'average' student is prepared for. The paper at hand will demonstrate how Excel can help here. Excel is applied since it is a widespread tool and most students are familiar with its basic features. Therefore students can concentrate on how to implement a dynamic system in a spreadsheet and how to simulate probability distributions and approximate the distribution of the target function - given different control rules. This enables them to assess opportunities and risks associated with these control rules. One topic appropriate to demonstrate the idea is renewable resource management. As many studies state, there is a deficit in sustainable learning not only in economics (Salemi and Siegfried 1999; Walstad and Allgood 1999) , but particular in system dynamic models (Moxnes, E. 2000; Pala and Vennix 2005). This is due to the complexity associated with long run- and feedback effects, and the complexity becomes even harder when stochastic development is included. The purpose of this paper will be to inspire students and to encourage them to solve stochastic dynamic problems later on their own with the simple tools at hand presently.
Morphology of Gamma-Ray Halos around Middle-Aged Pulsars: Influence of the Pulsar Proper Motion
Creators: name: Zhang, Yi
name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Chen, S. Z.
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, gamma-ray halos of a few degree extension have been detected around two middle-aged pulsars, namely, Geminga and PSR B0656+14, by the High Altitude Water Cherenkov observatory (HAWC). The gamma-ray radiation arise from relativistic electrons that escape the pulsar wind nebula and diffuse in the surrounding medium. The diffusion coefficient is found to be significantly lower than the average value in the Galactic disk. If so, given a typical transverse velocity of $300-500{\,\rm km /s}$ for a pulsar, its displacement could be important in shaping the morphology of its gamma-ray halos. Motivated by this, we study the morphology of pulsar halos considering the proper motion of pulsar. We define three evolutionary phases of pulsar halo to categorize its morphological features. The morphology of pulsar halos below 10$\,$TeV is double peaked or single peaked with an extended tail, which depends on the electron injection history. Above 10 TeV, the morphology of pulsar halos is nearly spherical, due to the short cooling timescale ($<50\,$kyr) for tens TeV electrons. We also quantitatively evaluate the separation between the pulsar and the center of the gamma-ray halo, as well as the influence of different assumptions for the pulsar characteristics and the injected electrons. Our results suggest that the separation between the center of the gamma-ray halo above 10$\,$TeV and the associated pulsar is usually too small to be observable by HAWC or LHAASO. Hence, our results provide a useful approach to constrain the origin of extended sources at very high energies.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, accepted by APJ
The Search for Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Hough, Jim
name: Rowan, Sheila
name: Sathyaprakash, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments aimed at searching for gravitational waves from astrophysical sources have been under development for the last 40 years, but only now are sensitivities reaching the level where there is a real possibility of detections being made within the next five years. In this article a history of detector development will be followed by a description of current detectors such as LIGO, VIRGO, GEO 600, TAMA 300, Nautilus and Auriga. Preliminary results from these detectors will be discussed and related to predicted detection rates for some types of sources. Experimental challenges for detector design are introduced and discussed in the context of detector developments for the future.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, accepted J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys
Modelization of the EOS
Creators: name: Fuchs, C.
name: Wolter, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article summarizes theoretical predictions for the density and isospin dependence of the nuclear mean field and the corresponding nuclear equation of state. We compare predictions from microscopic and phenomenological approaches. An application to heavy ion reactions requires to incorporate these forces into the framework of dynamical transport models. Constraints on the nuclear equation of state derived from finite nuclei and from heavy ion reactions are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, contributed paper to the World Consensus Initiative (WCI) book "Dynamics and Thermodynamics with Nucleonic Degrees of Freedom"
Rational hypergeometric identities
Creators: name: Sarkissian, Gor A.
name: Spiridonov, Vyacheslav P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A special singular limit $ω_1/ω_2\to 1$ is considered for the Faddeev modular quantum dilogarithm (hyperbolic gamma function) and the corresponding hyperbolic integrals. It brings a new class of hypergeometric identities associated with bilateral sums of Mellin-Barnes type integrals of particular Pochhammer symbol products.
description: 6 pages, published version
FSA Direct Farm Loan Program Graduation Rates and Reasons for Exiting
Creators: name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John
name: Hamm, Sandra J.
name: Danforth, Diana M.
name: Dixon, Bruce L.
name: Ahrendsen, Bruce L.
name: Nwoha, Ogbonnaya John
name: Hamm, Sandra J.
name: Danforth, Diana M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Farm Service Agency (FSA) direct loans are intended to provide transitory credit to creditworthy borrowers unable to obtain conventional credit at reasonable terms. Farm loan program (FLP) effectiveness is measured in part by how readily direct loan borrowers graduate to conventional credit. A survey of FSA borrowers originating direct loans during fiscal years 1994-1996 is utilized to estimate graduation rates. A majority of 1994-1996 loan originators did exit the direct FLP by November 2004. A multinomial logit model indicates financial strength at origination resulted in greater likelihood of farming without direct loans approximately nine years after loan origination.
On the Generator of Massive Modular Groups
Creators: name: Saffary, Timor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T05, 46L40, 46L60, 47G30

description: The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the transition from the known massless modular action to the wanted massive one in the case of forward light cones and double cones. The infinitesimal generator of the massive modular automorphism group is investigated, in particular, some assumptions on its structure are verified explicitly for two concrete examples.
Inhibition of CDK2/CyclinE1 by xanthones from the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana): a structure-activity relationship study
Creators: name: Mirielle C. Nauman
name: Restituto Tocmo
name: Vemu, Bhaskar
name: Veenstra, Jacob P.
name: Johnson, Jeremy J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Uncontrolled regulation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) has negative implications in many cancers and malignancies and has recently led to the approval of select CDK inhibitors. Herein we present data reporting that xanthones, a class of compounds isolated from the purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) fruit, can inhibit CDK2/CyclinE1. We evaluated nine different xanthones, including α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, gartanin, 8-desoxygartanin, garcinone C, garcinone D, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, and 3-isomangostin for toxicity in 22Rν1 (prostate cancer cells) and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cells). All compounds dose-dependently inhibited the viability of both cell lines. A cell free biochemical assay was performed to determine if selected phytochemicals inhibited CDK2/CyclinE1. γ-Mangostin and α-mangostin were the strongest inhibitors, respectively. The results suggest that the position of key functional groups including hydroxyl and isoprenyl groups contribute to the CDK2 inhibitory effect. Taken together, the evidence suggests that xanthones can directly target CDK2 providing a possible explanation for their therapeutic potential.
High scale perturbative gauge coupling in R-parity conserving SUSY SO(10) with longer proton lifetime
Creators: name: Parida, M. K.
name: Cajee, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that in single step breaking of R-parity conserving SUSY SO(10) that needs the Higgs representations $126+\bar 126$ the GUT-gauge coupling violates the perturbative constraint at mass scales few times larger than the GUT scale. Therefore, if the SO(10) gauge coupling is to remain perturbative up the Planck scale(=2x10^{18} GeV), the scale $M_U$ of GUT symmetry breaking is to be bounded from below. The bound depends upon specific Higgs representations used for SO(10) symmetry breaking but, as we find, can not be lower than $1.5x10^{17}$ GeV. In order to obtain such high unification scale we propose a two-step SO(10) breaking through $SU(2)_LXSU(2)_RXU(1)_{B-L}XSU(3)_C(g_{2L} \neq g_{2R})$ intermediate gauge symmetry. We estimate potential threshold and gravitational corrections to the running of gauge couplings and show that they can make the picture of perturbative GUT- gauge coupling running consistent at least up to the Planck scale. We also show that when $SO(10) \to G_{2213}$ by $210 + 54$, gravitational corrections alone with negligible threshold effects may guarantee such perturbative gauge coupling. The lifetime of the proton is found to increase by nearly 6 orders over the current experimental limit for $p \to e^+π^0$. For the proton decay mediated by dim.5 operator a wide range of lifetimes is possible extending from the current experimental limit up to values 2-3 orders longer.
description: 11 pages epjc LaTex as per specifications of European Physical Journal C
The targum (1947:May 7 - 1947:May 21)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1947

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
The targum (1947:Sept. 23 - 1947:Sept. 30)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1947

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
title: Monetary Policy Tradeoffs Between Financial Stability and Price Stability
Creators: name: Shukayev, Malik
name: Ueberfeldt, Alexander
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: We analyze the impact of interest rate policy on financial stability in an environment where banks can experience runs on their short-term liabilities, forcing them to sell assets at fire-sale prices. Price adjustment frictions and a state-dependent risk of financial crisis create the possibility of a policy tradeoff between price stability and financial stability. Focusing on Taylor rules with monetary policy possibly reacting to banks’ short-term liabilities, we find that the optimized policy uses the extra tool to support investment at the expense of higher inflation and output volatility.
description: Nous analysons l’incidence d’une politique de taux d’intérêt sur la stabilité financière dans un contexte de panique où les banques peuvent devoir rembourser un volume anormalement élevé de titres de dette, ce qui les obligerait à vendre des actifs à des prix de liquidation. Les frictions créées par le coût d’ajustement des prix et un risque de crise financière qui dépend de la conjoncture pourraient nécessiter un arbitrage entre la stabilité des prix et la stabilité financière. Appliquant une règle de Taylor qui incorpore une possible réaction de la politique monétaire face à l’évolution du passif à court terme des banques, nous constatons que les mesures de politique optimales font appel à l’outil supplémentaire pour soutenir l’investissement mais s’accompagnent d’une inflation plus élevée et d’une production volatile.
New Gamma-Ray Probe of the Baryonic Dark Matter
Creators: name: Iyudin, A. F.
name: Burwitz, V.
name: Greiner, J.
name: DiCocco, G.
name: Larsson, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expand on the recently reported detections of the gamma-ray resonant absorption along the line of sight toward gamma-ray bright quasars (QSOs), like 3C279. We propose to use this novel gamma-ray absorption method to study the Dark Matter distribution in the Milky Way, as well as in the Local Group. Properties of the absorber that was detected on the sight lines towards gamma-ray bright QSOs at zero redshift are discussed. We compare our results with the expected Dark Matter distributions in the halo of Milky Way, that were simulated in boundaries of different CDM models. Application of this new method to study evolution of CDM in the QSO host galaxies, and of baryons distribution in the halo of galaxies in the Local Universe is proposed.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, submitted to Proceedings of the Conference "Baryons in Dark Matter Halo", 05-09 October, 2004, Novigrad, Croatia, Eds. R-J. Dettmar, U. Klein, P. Salucci, PoS, SISSA, http://pos.sissa.it
title: Business Cycles in Small, Open Economies: Evidence from Panel Data Between 1900 and 2013
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Wataru
name: Nguyen, Thuy Lan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: Using a novel data set for 17 countries dating from 1900 to 2013, we characterize business cycles in both small developed and developing countries in a model with financial frictions and a common shock structure. We estimate the model jointly for these 17 countries using Bayesian methods. We find that financial frictions are an important feature for not only developing countries but also small developed countries. Furthermore, business cycles in both groups of countries are marked with trend productivity shocks. Common disturbances explain one-third of the fluctuations in small, open economies (both developed and developing), especially during important worldwide phenomena.
description: Grâce à un nouvel ensemble de données sur 17 pays couvrant la période de 1900 à 2013, nous caractérisons les cycles économiques de petits pays développés et de pays en développement dans un modèle doté de frictions financières et d’une structure de chocs commune. Nous estimons le modèle pour les 17 pays collectivement en recourant à des méthodes bayésiennes. Nous constatons que les frictions financières constituent une caractéristique importante non seulement des pays en développement, mais aussi des petits pays développés. Par ailleurs, les cycles économiques des deux groupes de pays sont marqués par des chocs de productivité tendancielle. Les perturbations communes expliquent le tiers des fluctuations dans les petites économies ouvertes (qu’il s’agisse de pays développés ou de pays en développement), en particulier durant des phénomènes mondiaux importants.
On the stability of topological order in tensor network states
Creators: name: Williamson, Dominic J.
name: Delcamp, Clement
name: Verstraete, Frank
name: Schuch, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a tensor network representation of the 3d toric code ground state that is stable to a generating set of uniform local tensor perturbations, including those that do not map to local operators on the physical Hilbert space. The stability is established by mapping the phase diagram of the perturbed tensor network to that of the 3d Ising gauge theory, which has a non-zero finite temperature transition. More generally, we find that the stability of a topological tensor network state is determined by the form of its virtual symmetries and the topological excitations created by virtual operators that break those symmetries. In particular, a dual representation of the 3d toric code ground state, as well as representations of the X-cube and cubic code ground states, for which point-like excitations are created by such operators, are found to be unstable.
description: 8+10 pages, 1 figure; v2 published version
Control Design for Risk-Based Signal Temporal Logic Specifications
Creators: name: Safaoui, Sleiman
name: Lindemann, Lars
name: Dimarogonas, Dimos V
name: Shames, Iman
name: Summers, Tyler H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We present a general framework for risk semantics on Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications for stochastic dynamical systems using axiomatic risk theory. We show that under our recursive risk semantics, risk constraints on STL formulas can be expressed in terms of risk constraints on atomic predicates. We then show how this allows a (stochastic) STL risk constraint to be transformed into a risk-tightened deterministic STL constraint on a related deterministic nominal system, enabling the application of existing STL methods. For affine predicate functions and a (coherent) Distributionally Robust Value at Risk measure, we show how risk constraints on atomic predicates can be reformulated as tightened deterministic affine constraints. We demonstrate the framework using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) design with an STL risk constraint.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, to be published in IEEE L-CSS
Orbit Functions
Creators: name: Klimyk, Anatoliy
name: Patera, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the paper, properties of orbit functions are reviewed and further developed. Orbit functions on the Euclidean space $E_n$ are symmetrized exponential functions. The symmetrization is fulfilled by a Weyl group corresponding to a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. Properties of such functions will be described. An orbit function is the contribution to an irreducible character of a compact semisimple Lie group $G$ of rank $n$ from one of its Weyl group orbits. It is shown that values of orbit functions are repeated on copies of the fundamental domain $F$ of the affine Weyl group (determined by the initial Weyl group) in the entire Euclidean space $E_n$. Orbit functions are solutions of the corresponding Laplace equation in $E_n$, satisfying the Neumann condition on the boundary of $F$. Orbit functions determine a symmetrized Fourier transform and a transform on a finite set of points.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
title: Monetary Policy, Private Debt and Financial Stability Risks
Creators: name: Bauer, Gregory H.
name: Granziera, Eleonora
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2016

description: Can monetary policy be used to promote financial stability? We answer this question by estimating the impact of a monetary policy shock on private-sector leverage and the likelihood of a financial crisis. Impulse responses obtained from a panel VAR model of 18 advanced countries suggest that the debt-to-GDP ratio rises in the short run following an unexpected tightening in monetary policy. As a consequence, the likelihood of a financial crisis increases, as estimated from a panel logit regression. However, in the long run, output recovers and higher borrowing costs discourage new lending, leading to a deleveraging of the private sector. A lower debt-to-GDP ratio in turn reduces the likelihood of a financial crisis. These results suggest that monetary policy can achieve a less risky financial system in the long run but could fuel financial instability in the short run. We also find that the ultimate effects of a monetary policy tightening on the probability of a financial crisis depend on the leverage of the private sector: the higher the initial value of the debt-to-GDP ratio, the more beneficial the monetary policy intervention in the long run, but the more destabilizing in the short run.
description: La politique monétaire peut-elle aider à soutenir la stabilité financière? Pour répondre à cette question, nous estimons l’incidence qu’un choc de politique monétaire aurait sur le levier financier du secteur privé et sur la probabilité de voir survenir une crise financière. Les fonctions de réaction tirées du modèle vectoriel autorégressif sur données de panel utilisé pour 18 pays avancés tendent à montrer que le ratio de la dette au PIB augmente à court terme après un resserrement inattendu de la politique monétaire. L’éclatement d’une crise financière devient alors plus probable, comme l’indiquent les estimations du modèle de régression logit. Sur le long terme en revanche, la production se redresse, et la hausse du coût du crédit décourage de nouveaux emprunts, ce qui aboutit à une diminution du levier financier dans le secteur privé. La baisse du ratio de la dette au PIB rend l’éclatement d’une crise financière moins probable. Ces résultats semblent montrer que la politique monétaire permet de réduire les risques pour la stabilité du système financier sur le long terme, mais qu’elle crée davantage d’instabilité dans le système financier à court terme. Il apparaît également que les effets finaux d’un resserrement de la politique monétaire sur la probabilité d’une crise dépendent du niveau du levier financier du secteur privé : plus le ratio de la dette au PIB est élevé au départ, plus la politique monétaire apportera de bénéfices à long terme, mais plus elle créera d’instabilité à court terme.
Rogue waves of Ultra-High Peak Amplitude: A Mechanism for Reaching up to Thousand Times the Background Level
Creators: name: Sun, Wen-Rong
name: Liu, Lei
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unveil a mechanism enabling a fundamental rogue wave, expressed by a rational function of fourth degree, to reach a peak amplitude as high as a thousand times the background level in a system of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations involving both incoherent and coherent coupling terms with suitable coefficients. We obtain the exact explicit vector rational solutions using a Darboux-dressing transformation. We show that both components of such coupled equations can reach extremely high amplitudes. The mechanism is confirmed in direct numerical simulations and its robustness confirmed upon noisy perturbations. Additionally, we showcase the fact that extremely high peak-amplitude vector fundamental rogue waves (of about 80 times the background level) can be excited even within a chaotic background field.