cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Damage mechanisms of hierarchical composites: computational modelling
Creators: name: Mishnaevsky Leon
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2015
Subjects: КОМПОЗИТЫ
COMPOSITES
МАТЕРИАЛЫ C МНОГОУРОВНЕВОЙ ИЕРАРХИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ
HIERARCHICAL MATERIALS
ПРОЧНОСТЬ
STRENGTH
РАЗРУШЕНИЕ
FRACTURE
НАНОМАТЕРИАЛЫ
NANOMATERIALS
БИОМАТЕРИАЛЫ
BIOMATERIALS

description: Computational studies of damage mechanisms in hierarchical composites, including biocomposites, nanoparticle reinforced polymer composites and other materials are discussed. Different methods of the analysis of hierarchical effects in the multiscale composites are demonstrated, among them, hierarchical fiber bundle model, 3D multiscale finite element models, analytical studies. Considering wood as a gradient, cellular material with layered composite cell walls, one analyzed the effect of wood structure on damage resistance of wood. The influence of nanoparticles distribution in unidirectional polymer matrix composites with secondary nanoreinforcement on the strength and damage resistance of the composites is demonstrated. The concept of nanostructuring of interfaces and grain boundaries as an important reserve of the improvement of the materials properties is formulated.
Für jene Priester, die ihre Aufgaben unter Menschen erfüllen müssen, die den Glauben an Christus, unseren Herrn und Erlöser, verloren haben.
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 13 Nr. 6 (1958): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 13, Heft 6
Collective phenomena in high-energy nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Jia, Jiangyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I review experimental studies of collective phenomena in $\pA$ and A+A collisions presented in the Quark Matter 2014 conference.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, proceedings of the XXIV Quark Matter conference, May 19-24 2014, Darmstadt (Germany)
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on adipokines: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Creators: name: Sepidarkish, Mahdi
name: Rezamand, Gholamreza
name: Qorbani, Mostafa
name: Heydari, Hafez
name: Estêvão, M. Dulce
name: Omran, Dalia
name: Morvaridzadeh, Mojgan
name: Roffey, Darren M.
name: Farsi, Farnaz
name: Ebrahimi, Sara
name: Shokri, Fatemeh
name: Heshmati, Javad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Although a large body of literature reported the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) consumption on adipokines levels, but recent findings from clinical trials are not univocal. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FAs supplements on adipokines. We searched Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to August 2020 without any particular language limitations. Outcomes were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated from Hedge's g and random effects modeling. Fifty-two trials involving 4,568 participants were included. Omega-3 FAs intake was associated with a significant increase in plasma adiponectin levels (n = 43; 3,434 participants; SMD: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.37; p = 0.01; I2= 80.14%). This meta-analysis indicates that supplementing participants with omega-3 fatty acids more than 2000 mg daily and more than 10 weeks resulted in a significant and more favorable improvement in plasma adiponectin levels. However, omega-3 FAs intake had no significant effect on leptin levels (SMD: −0.02, 95% CI: −0.20, 0.17, I2= 54.13%). The evidence supports a beneficial effect of omega-3 FAs intake on serum adiponectin levels but does not appear to impact on leptin concentrations. Larger well-designed RCTs are still required to evaluate the effect of omega-3 FAs on leptin in specific diseases.
Analysis of near weld stress field based on strain measurement and physical mesomechanics
Creators: name: Yoshida, S.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Usui, M.
name: Park Ik-K.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2015
Subjects: ОСТАТОЧНЫЕ НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ПРИ СВАРКЕ
RESIDUAL STRESS DUE TO WELDING
ФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ МЕЗОМЕХАНИКА
PHYSICAL MESOMECHANICS
ДИНАМИКА ПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ
PLASTIC DEFORMATION DYNAMICS
ЭЛЕКТРОННАЯ СПЕКЛ-ИНТЕРФЕРОМЕТРИЯ
ELECTRONIC SPECKLE-PATTERN INTERFEROMETRY

description: Stresses induced by welding are analyzed from the viewpoint of material deformation behavior. Strain gauges are used to measure the residual stresses, and electronic speckle-pattern interferometry is used to analyze the response of the welded work to external force. A tensile load is applied to a butt-welded, thin-plate steel specimen, and the resultant strain field is analyzed with the electronic speckle-pattern interferometry. Comparison is made with the case of a non-welded specimen of the same material and dimension. The analyses indicate that the residual stress due to welding makes the normal strain due to the external tensile load asymmetric. The asymmetry enhances shear and rotational modes of deformation, generating stress concentration at a point away from the weld where the residual stress is substantially negligible. The observed features are discussed based on physical mesomechanics. Analysis reveals plastic deformation like behavior in the response of the welded specimen to the external force.
Characterizing the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian Conflict Through the Lenses of Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis: Dataset, Methodology, and Preliminary Findings
Creators: name: Caprolu, Maurantonio
name: Sadighian, Alireza
name: Di Pietro, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online social networks (OSNs) play a crucial role in today's world. On the one hand, they allow free speech, information sharing, and social-movements organization, to cite a few. On the other hand, they are the tool of choice to spread disinformation, hate speech, and to support propaganda. For these reasons, OSNs data mining and analysis aimed at detecting disinformation campaigns that may arm the society and, more in general, poison the democratic posture of states, are essential activities during key events such as elections, pandemics, and conflicts. In this paper, we studied the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian conflict on Twitter, one of the most used OSNs. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze a dataset of more than 5.5+ million tweets related to the subject, generated by 1.8+ million unique users. By leveraging statistical analysis techniques and aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), we discover hidden insights in the collected data and abnormal patterns in the users' sentiment that in some cases confirm while in other cases disprove common beliefs on the conflict. In particular, based on our findings and contrary to what suggested in some mainstream media, there is no evidence of massive disinformation campaigns. However, we have identified several anomalies in the behavior of particular accounts and in the sentiment trend for some subjects that represent a starting point for further analysis in the field. The adopted techniques, the availability of the data, the replicability of the experiments, and the preliminary findings, other than being interesting on their own, also pave the way to further research in the domain.
Singular Levy processes and dispersive effects of generalized Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Sire, Yannick
name: Yu, Xueying
name: Yue, Haitian
name: Zhao, Zehua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce new models for Schrödinger-type equations, which generalize standard NLS and for which different dispersion occurs depending on the directions. Our purpose is to understand dispersive properties depending on the directions of propagation, in the spirit of waveguide manifolds, but where the diffusion is of different types. We mainly consider the standard Euclidean space and the waveguide case but our arguments extend easily to other types of manifolds (like product spaces). Our approach unifies in a natural way several previous results. Those models are also generalizations of some appearing in seminal works in mathematical physics, such as relativistic strings. In particular, we prove the large data scattering on waveguide manifolds $\mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{T}$, $d \geq 3$. This result can be regarded as the analogue of \cite{TV2, YYZ2} in our setting and the waveguide analogue investigated in \cite{GSWZ}. A key ingredient of the proof is a Morawetz-type estimate for the setting of this model.
description: 22 pages. Comments are welcome! This is an expanded version with the complete theory developed which incorporates an earlier research note of Y. Sire and Z. Zhao. A few typos are corrected
Electrostatic interactions in the presence of surface charge regulation: exact results
Creators: name: Maggs, A. C.
name: Podgornik, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of charge regulation and its effects on electrostatic interactions between dissociable charge groups immersed in a univalent electrolyte, within a family of one dimensional exactly solvable models. We consider the case of both charge regulated plates, but also the interaction of pairs of finite size dielectric "particles". Using the transfer matrix formalism we are able to determine the disjoining pressure as well as the correlations between the charge and the dipole moments of the objects as a function of their separation and electrolyte concentration
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms
Creators: name: Krueger, Kristin
name: Boehme, Elke
name: Klettner, Alexa Karina
name: Zille, Marietta
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.
Quantum parameter estimation of non-Hermitian systems with optimal measurements
Creators: name: Yu, Xinglei
name: Zhang, Chengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum parameter estimation with Hermitian systems has been applied in various fields, but there are relatively few results concerning non-Hermitian systems. Here, we study the quantum parameter estimation for general non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and derive an intuitive expression of quantum Fisher information (QFI) for pure states. Furthermore, we propose the condition for optimal measurements, which is applicable to both Hermitian and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. To illustrate these results, we calculate and study the QFI of a specific $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, and give the optimal measurement. Surprisingly, we find some interesting properties of this $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric Hamiltonian QFI, such as the mutations in QFI at EP. Moreover, we also compare the variance of estimation generated by the optimal measurement with the theoretical precision bound to verify the condition for optimal measurements we proposed.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Right-handed Dirac and Majorana neutrinos at Belle II
Creators: name: Han, Tao
name: Liao, Jiajun
name: Liu, Hongkai
name: Marfatia, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assess the ability of the Belle II experiment to probe the Dirac or Majorana nature of a massive right-handed neutrino (RHN) $N$ in the MeV to GeV mass range. We consider the production and decay of RHNs to proceed via new interactions described by the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) extended with right-handed neutrino fields (SMNEFT), and not via mass mixing with active neutrinos. We find that Belle II has the potential to discover $N$ if kinematically accessible. We perform detailed simulations of the angular distributions of lepton pairs from the decay of $N$ produced in two-body and three-body decays of $B$ mesons. We show that for $m_N$ above 100 MeV, Belle II can distinguish between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos at more than the 5$σ$ CL for most operators, and the combination of the production and decay operators can be identified from the subsequent decay of the heavy neutrino. Also, the production operators can be identified using three-body $B$ meson decay for any $m_N$ if the $B\to D\ell N$ and $B\to D^*\ell N$ events can be well separated.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures, 12 tables. Corrected Eqs. (3.6) and (3.7), and the $\cos\theta_{\ell \ell}$, $\cos\theta_{\ell \nu}$ and $\gamma_{\ell \nu}$ distributions for $\mathcal{O}_{LN}$. Fixed normalizations in Figs. 1 and 13. Conclusions unchanged
Gut microbiome responses in the metabolism of human dietary components: Implications in health and homeostasis
Creators: name: Rajeev, Riya
name: Seethalakshmi, P. S.
name: Jena, Prasant Kumar
name: Prathiviraj, R.
name: Kiran, George Seghal
name: Selvin, Joseph
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: The gut microbiome and its link with human health and disease have gained a lot of attention recently. The microbiome executes its functions in the host by carrying out the transformation of dietary components and/or de novo synthesis of various essential nutrients. The presence of complex microbial communities makes it difficult to understand the host-microbiome interplay in the metabolism of dietary components. This review attempts to uncover the incredible role of the gut microbiome in the metabolism of dietary components, diet-microbiome interplay, and restoration of the microbiome. The in silico analysis performed in this study elucidates the functional description of essential/hub genes involved in the amino acid degradation pathway, which are mutually present in the host and its gut microbiome. Hence, the computational model helps comprehend the inter-and intracellular molecular networks between humans and their microbial partners.
Self-supervised Contrastive Representation Learning for Semi-supervised Time-Series Classification
Creators: name: Eldele, Emadeldeen
name: Ragab, Mohamed
name: Chen, Zhenghua
name: Wu, Min
name: Kwoh, Chee-Keong
name: Li, Xiaoli
name: Guan, Cuntai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning time-series representations when only unlabeled data or few labeled samples are available can be a challenging task. Recently, contrastive self-supervised learning has shown great improvement in extracting useful representations from unlabeled data via contrasting different augmented views of data. In this work, we propose a novel Time-Series representation learning framework via Temporal and Contextual Contrasting (TS-TCC) that learns representations from unlabeled data with contrastive learning. Specifically, we propose time-series-specific weak and strong augmentations and use their views to learn robust temporal relations in the proposed temporal contrasting module, besides learning discriminative representations by our proposed contextual contrasting module. Additionally, we conduct a systematic study of time-series data augmentation selection, which is a key part of contrastive learning. We also extend TS-TCC to the semi-supervised learning settings and propose a Class-Aware TS-TCC (CA-TCC) that benefits from the available few labeled data to further improve representations learned by TS-TCC. Specifically, we leverage the robust pseudo labels produced by TS-TCC to realize a class-aware contrastive loss. Extensive experiments show that the linear evaluation of the features learned by our proposed framework performs comparably with the fully supervised training. Additionally, our framework shows high efficiency in the few labeled data and transfer learning scenarios. The code is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/emadeldeen24/CA-TCC}.
description: Accepted in the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2106.14112
Flavour anomalies meet flavour symmetry
Creators: name: Bigaran, Innes
name: Felkl, Tobias
name: Hagedorn, Claudia
name: Schmidt, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an extension of the Standard Model with a scalar leptoquark $ϕ\sim (3,1,-\tfrac13)$ and the discrete flavour symmetry $G_f=D_{17}\times Z_{17}$ to explain anomalies observed in charged-current semi-leptonic $B$ meson decays and in the muon anomalous magnetic moment, together with the charged fermion masses and quark mixing. The symmetry $Z_{17}^{\rm diag}$, contained in $G_f$, remains preserved by the leptoquark couplings, at leading order, and efficiently suppresses couplings of the leptoquark to the first generation of quarks and/or electrons, thus avoiding many stringent experimental bounds. The strongest constraints on the parameter space are imposed by the radiative charged lepton flavour violating decays $τ\toμγ$ and $μ\to eγ$. A detailed analytical and numerical study demonstrates the feasibility to simultaneously explain the data on the lepton flavour universality ratios $R(D)$ and $R(D^\star)$ and the muon anomalous magnetic moment, while passing the experimental bounds from all other considered flavour observables.
description: 71 pages + appendices, 27 figures Matches version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Azimuthally differential pion femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV with ALICE at the LHC
Creators: name: Loggins, Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Femtoscopy of non-central heavy ion collisions provides access to information on the geometry of the effective pion-emitting source. In particular, the source shape can be studied by measuring femtoscopic radii as a function of the pion emission angle relative to the collision symmetry planes. We present the results of azimuthally differential femtoscopy of Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV at the LHC relative to the second harmonic event plane. We observe a clear oscillation of the extracted radii as a function of the emission angle. We find that $R_{side}$ and $R_{out}$ oscillate out of phase for all centralities and pion transverse momenta. The relative amplitude of $R_{side}$ oscillation decreases in more central collisions, but remains positive, which indicates that the source remains out-of-plane extended qualitatively similar to what was observed at RHIC energies. We compare our results to existing hydrodynamical and transport model calculations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for Quark Matter 2014, Darmstadt, Germany, May 19-24, 2014
Vacuum Circuit Breaker Closing Time Key Moments Detection via Vibration Monitoring: A Run-to-Failure Study
Creators: name: Hsu, Chi-Ching
name: Frusque, Gaetan
name: Muratovic, Mahir
name: Franck, Christian M.
name: Fink, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Circuit breakers (CBs) play an important role in modern society because they make the power transmission and distribution systems reliable and resilient. Therefore, it is important to maintain their reliability and to monitor their operation. A key to ensure a reliable operation of CBs is to monitor their condition. In this work, we performed an accelerated life testing for mechanical failures of a vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) by performing close-open operations continuously until failure. We recorded data for each operation and made the collected run-to-failure dataset publicly available. In our experiments, the VCB operated more than 26000 close-open operations without current load with the time span of five months. The run-to-failure long-term monitoring enables us to monitor the evolution of the VCB condition and the degradation over time. To monitor CB condition, closing time is one of the indicators, which is usually measured when the CB is taken out of operation and is completely disconnected from the network. We propose an algorithm that enables to infer the same information on the closing time from a non-intrusive sensor. By utilizing the short-time energy (STE) of the vibration signal, it is possible to identify the key moments when specific events happen including the time when the latch starts to move, and the closing time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the VCB dataset and is also compared to the binary segmentation (BS) change point detection algorithm. This research highlights the potential for continuous online condition monitoring, which is the basis for applying future predictive maintenance strategies.
description: 7 pages
Costly Collaborations: The Impact of Scientific Fraud on Co-authors' Careers
Creators: name: Mongeon, Philippe
name: Lariviere, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the last few years, several major scientific fraud cases have shocked the scientific community. The number of retractions each year has also increased tremendously, especially in the biomedical field, and scientific misconduct accounts for approximately more than half of those retractions. It is assumed that co-authors of retracted papers are affected by their colleagues' misconduct, and the aim of this study is to provide empirical evidence of the effect of retractions in biomedical research on co-authors' research careers. Using data from the Web of Science (WOS), we measured the productivity, impact and collaboration of 1,123 co-authors of 293 retracted articles for a period of five years before and after the retraction. We found clear evidence that collaborators do suffer consequences of their colleagues' misconduct, and that a retraction for fraud has higher consequences than a retraction for error. Our results also suggest that the extent of these consequences is closely linked with the ranking of co-authors on the retracted paper, being felt most strongly by first authors, followed by the last authors, while the impact is less important for middle authors.
description: Accepted for publication in the Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology
Algebraic independence of topological Pontryagin classes
Creators: name: Galatius, Soren
name: Randal-Williams, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R20, 57R67, 55M35, 55R60

description: We show that the topological Pontryagin classes are algebraically independent in the rationalised cohomology of BTop(d) for all $d \geq 4$.
description: 17 pages, final accepted version
A 3D Kinematic Study of the Northern Ejecta "Jet" of the Crab Nebula
Creators: name: Black, Christine S.
name: Fesen, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present [O III] 4959,5007 emission line spectra (FWHM = 40 km/s) of the Crab Nebula's northern ejecta `jet'. These data, along with a recent [O III] image of the Crab, are used to build 3-dimensional models of the jet and adjacent remnant nebulosity to better understand the jet's properties and possible formation. We find that the jet's radial velocities range from -190 to +480 km/s with transverse velocities from 1600 to 2650 km/s from base to tip. The jet appears virtually hollow in [O III] emission with the exception of some material at the jet's base where the it connects with the remnant. Our 3D reconstructions indicate that the jet is elliptical in shape and slightly funnel-like rather than a straight cylindrical tube as previously thought. At the base of the jet we find evidence for a significant opening or "channel" in the Crab's main nebula shell. Our analysis of the jet's expansion properties and location supports the theory that the jet may simply represent the highest velocity component of the Crab's N-S bipolar expansion.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS; minor changes
Czech experience with asphalt mixtures containing elevated content of RAP – from experiments to real practice
Creators: name: Valentin, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The lecture focuses on a summary of practical and development-experimental (research) findings with the use of increased reclaimed asphalt content in hot and warm asphalt mixtures. It introduces the progressive legislative and standardization modifications that strengthen the possibilities of increased reclaimed asphalt dosage, presents examples of good practice and lessons learnt from some test sections. It also gives examples of some of the technical problems or weaknesses that still need to be addressed, especially linked e.g. to the production and use of parallel drum.
Non-linear collisionless damping of Weibel turbulence in relativistic blast waves
Creators: name: Lemoine, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Weibel/filamentation instability is known to play a key role in the physics of weakly magnetized collisionless shock waves. From the point of view of high energy astrophysics, this instability also plays a crucial role because its development in the shock precursor populates the downstream with a small-scale magneto-static turbulence which shapes the acceleration and radiative processes of suprathermal particles. The present work discusses the physics of the dissipation of this Weibel-generated turbulence downstream of relativistic collisionless shock waves. It calculates explicitly the first-order non-linear terms associated to the diffusive nature of the particle trajectories. These corrections are found to systematically increase the damping rate, assuming that the scattering length remains larger than the coherence length of the magnetic fluctuations. The relevance of such corrections is discussed in a broader astrophysical perspective, in particular regarding the physics of the external relativistic shock wave of a gamma-ray burst.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures; to appear in Journal of Plasma Physics
gSwin: Gated MLP Vision Model with Hierarchical Structure of Shifted Window
Creators: name: Go, Mocho
name: Tachibana, Hideyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Following the success in language domain, the self-attention mechanism (transformer) is adopted in the vision domain and achieving great success recently. Additionally, as another stream, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is also explored in the vision domain. These architectures, other than traditional CNNs, have been attracting attention recently, and many methods have been proposed. As one that combines parameter efficiency and performance with locality and hierarchy in image recognition, we propose gSwin, which merges the two streams; Swin Transformer and (multi-head) gMLP. We showed that our gSwin can achieve better accuracy on three vision tasks, image classification, object detection and semantic segmentation, than Swin Transformer, with smaller model size.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures, IEEE ICASSP 2023
Galaxies with Supermassive Binary Black Holes: (II) A Model with Cuspy Galactic Density Profiles
Creators: name: Jiang, Ing-Guey
name: Yeh, Li-Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence and uniqueness of equilibrium points, including Lagrange Points and Jiang-Yeh Points, of a galactic system with supermassive binary black holes embedded in a centrally cuspy galactic halo are investigated herein. Differing from the previous results of non-cuspy galactic profiles that Jiang-Yeh Points only exist under a particular condition, it is found here that the Lagrange Points, L2, L3, L4 and L5, Jiang-Yeh Points, JY1 and JY2, exist under general conditions. The stability analysis shows that L2, L3, JY1 and JY2 are unstable. However, L4 and L5 are only unstable when the galactic total mass is smaller than a critical mass; otherwise they become neutrally stable centers. These results will be important for further studies on the cores of early-type galaxies.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
DESCN: Deep Entire Space Cross Networks for Individual Treatment Effect Estimation
Creators: name: Zhong, Kailiang
name: Xiao, Fengtong
name: Ren, Yan
name: Liang, Yaorong
name: Yao, Wenqing
name: Yang, Xiaofeng
name: Cen, Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.m

description: Causal Inference has wide applications in various areas such as E-commerce and precision medicine, and its performance heavily relies on the accurate estimation of the Individual Treatment Effect (ITE). Conventionally, ITE is predicted by modeling the treated and control response functions separately in their individual sample spaces. However, such an approach usually encounters two issues in practice, i.e. divergent distribution between treated and control groups due to treatment bias, and significant sample imbalance of their population sizes. This paper proposes Deep Entire Space Cross Networks (DESCN) to model treatment effects from an end-to-end perspective. DESCN captures the integrated information of the treatment propensity, the response, and the hidden treatment effect through a cross network in a multi-task learning manner. Our method jointly learns the treatment and response functions in the entire sample space to avoid treatment bias and employs an intermediate pseudo treatment effect prediction network to relieve sample imbalance. Extensive experiments are conducted on a synthetic dataset and a large-scaled production dataset from the E-commerce voucher distribution business. The results indicate that DESCN can successfully enhance the accuracy of ITE estimation and improve the uplift ranking performance. A sample of the production dataset and the source code are released to facilitate future research in the community, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the first large-scale public biased treatment dataset for causal inference.
description: Accepted by SIGKDD 2022 Applied Data Science Track
Atomistic modeling of thermal effects in focused electron beam induced deposition of Me$_2$Au(tfac)
Creators: name: Prosvetov, Alexey
name: Verkhovtsev, Alexey V.
name: Sushko, Gennady
name: Solov'yov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of thermal effects in the focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) process of Me$_2$Au(tfac) is studied by means of irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulations. The FEBID of Me$_2$Au(tfac), a commonly used precursor molecule for the fabrication of gold nanostructures, is simulated at different temperatures in the range of $300-450$ K. The deposit's structure, morphology, growth rate, and elemental composition at different temperatures are analyzed. The fragmentation cross section for Me$_2$Au(tfac) is evaluated on the basis of the cross sections for structurally similar molecules. Different fragmentation channels involving the dissociative ionization (DI) and dissociative electron attachment (DEA) mechanisms are considered. The conducted simulations of FEBID confirm experimental observations that deposits consist of small gold clusters embedded into a carbon-rich organic matrix. The simulation results indicate that accounting for both DEA- and DI-induced fragmentation of all the covalent bonds in Me$_2$Au(tfac) and increasing the amount of energy transferred to the system upon fragmentation increase the concentration of gold in the deposit. The simulations predict an increase in Au:C ratio in the deposit from 0.18 to 0.25 upon the temperature increase from 300 K to 450 K, being within the range of experimentally reported values.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Anisotropic resistivity of the monolayer graphene in the trigonal warping and connected Fermi curve regimes
Creators: name: Azizi, J.
name: Phirouznia, A.
name: Hasanirokh, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present study, the anisotropic resistivity of the monolayer graphene has been obtained in semiclassical regime beyond the Dirac point approximation. In particular, detailed investigations were made on the dependence of conductivity on the Fermi energy. At low energies, in the vicinity of the Dirac points, band energy of the monolayer graphene is isotropic at the Fermi level. Meanwhile, at the intermediate Fermi energies anisotropic effects such as trigonal warping is expected to be the origin of the anisotropic resistivity. However, besides the band anisotropy there also exists an other source of anisotropic resistivity which was introduced by scattering matrix. At high energies it was shown that the band anisotropy is less effective than the anisotropy generated by the scattering matrix. It was also shown that there exist two distinct regimes of anisotropic resistivity corresponding the trigonal warping and connected Fermi curve at intermediate and high energies respectively.
Separation of Variables and Superintegrability on Riemannian Coverings
Creators: name: Chanu, Claudia Maria
name: Rastelli, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce Stäckel separable coordinates on the covering manifolds $M_k$, where $k$ is a rational parameter, of certain constant-curvature Riemannian manifolds with the structure of warped manifold. These covering manifolds appear implicitly in literature as connected with superintegrable systems with polynomial in the momenta first integrals of arbitrarily high degree, such as the Tremblay-Turbiner-Winternitz system. We study here for the first time multiseparability and superintegrability of natural Hamiltonian systems on these manifolds and see how these properties depend on the parameter $k$.
Requirements for a processing-node quantum repeater on a real-world fiber grid
Creators: name: Avis, Guus
name: da Silva, Francisco Ferreira
name: Coopmans, Tim
name: Dahlberg, Axel
name: Jirovská, Hana
name: Maier, David
name: Rabbie, Julian
name: Torres-Knoop, Ariana
name: Wehner, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the distribution of entanglement between the Dutch cities of Delft and Eindhoven realized with a processing-node quantum repeater and determine minimal hardware requirements for verifiable blind quantum computation using color centers and trapped ions. Our results are obtained considering restrictions imposed by a real-world fiber grid and using detailed hardware-specific models. By comparing our results to those we would obtain in idealized settings we show that simplifications lead to a distorted picture of hardware demands, particularly on memory coherence and photon collection. We develop general machinery suitable for studying arbitrary processing-node repeater chains using NetSquid, a discrete-event simulator for quantum networks. This enables us to include time-dependent noise models and simulate repeater protocols with cut-offs, including the required classical control communication. We find minimal hardware requirements by solving an optimization problem using genetic algorithms on a high-performance-computing cluster. Our work provides guidance for further experimental progress, and showcases limitations of studying quantum-repeater requirements in idealized situations.
description: Published version. 13 pages, 5 figures, 1 table + 52 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables appendix
ISMabs: a comprehensive X-ray absorption model for the interstellar medium
Creators: name: Gatuzz, E.
name: García, J.
name: Kallman, T. R.
name: Mendoza, C.
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an X-ray absorption model for the interstellar medium, to be referred to as ISMabs, that takes into account both neutral and ionized species of cosmically abundant elements, and includes the most accurate atomic data available. Using high-resolution spectra from eight X-ray binaries obtained with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer, we proceed to benchmark the atomic data in the model particularly in the neon K-edge region. Compared with previous photoabsorption models, which solely rely on neutral species, the inclusion of ions leads to improved spectral fits. Fit parameters comprise the column densities of abundant contributors that allow direct estimates of the ionization states. ISMabs is provided in the appropriate format to be implemented in widely used X-ray spectral fitting packages such as XSPEC, ISIS and SHERPA.
description: 14 page, 13 figures
Reconstructing Cosmological Initial Conditions from Late-Time Structure with Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Shallue, Christopher J.
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to reconstruct the initial linear-regime matter density field from the late-time non-linearly evolved density field in which we channel the output of standard first-order reconstruction to a convolutional neural network (CNN). Our method shows dramatic improvement over the reconstruction of either component alone. We show why CNNs are not well-suited for reconstructing the initial density directly from the late-time density: CNNs are local models, but the relationship between initial and late-time density is not local. Our method leverages standard reconstruction as a preprocessing step, which inverts bulk gravitational flows sourced over very large scales, transforming the residual reconstruction problem from long-range to local and making it ideally suited for a CNN. We develop additional techniques to account for redshift distortions, which warp the density fields measured by galaxy surveys. Our method improves the range of scales of high-fidelity reconstruction by a factor of 2 in wavenumber above standard reconstruction, corresponding to a factor of 8 increase in the number of well-reconstructed modes. In addition, our method almost completely eliminates the anisotropy caused by redshift distortions. As galaxy surveys continue to map the Universe in increasingly greater detail, our results demonstrate the opportunity offered by CNNs to untangle the non-linear clustering at intermediate scales more accurately than ever before.
description: Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Shining light on magnetic monopoles through high-energy muon colliders
Creators: name: Yang, Ji-Chong
name: Guo, Yu-Chen
name: Liu, Bing
name: Li, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for magnetic monopoles has been a longstanding concern of the physics community for nearly a century. However, up to now, the existence of elementary magnetic monopoles remains an open question. The electroweak 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles have been predicted with mass at the order of 10 TeV. This mass scale is unreachable at current colliders. Recently, the muon colliders have gained much attention in the community due to technological developments. The advantages of the muon beam encourage us to raise the high-energy option and consider the high-energy muon collider as a unique opportunity to search for magnetic monopoles. This letter discusses the production of magnetic monopoles via the annihilation process and proposes the search for magnetic monopoles at future high-energy muon colliders.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
On the geometric phases in entangled states
Creators: name: Tunalioglu, M. E.
name: Cildiroglu, H. O.
name: Yilmazer, A. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P40, 81P42, 81Q70

description: Correlation relations for the spin measurements on a pair of entangled particles scattered by the two separate arms of interferometers in hybrid setups of different types are investigated. Concurrence, entanglement of formation, quantum fidelity, Bures distance are used to clarify how the geometric phase affects the initial bipartite state. This affect causes a quantum interference due to the movement of charged particles in regions where electromagnetic fields are not present. We shown that in some cases the geometric phase information is carried over to the final bipartite entangled state.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, 1 Table
Ultimate limits for quickest quantum change-point detection
Creators: name: Fanizza, Marco
name: Hirche, Christoph
name: Calsamiglia, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting abrupt changes in data streams is crucial because they are often triggered by events that have important consequences if left unattended. Quickest change point detection has become a vital sequential analysis primitive that aims at designing procedures that minimize the expected detection delay of a change subject to a bounded expected false alarm time. We put forward the quantum counterpart of this fundamental primitive on streams of quantum data. We give a lower-bound on the mean minimum delay when the expected time of a false alarm is asymptotically large, under the most general quantum detection strategy, which is given by a sequence of adaptive collective (potentially weak) measurements on the growing string of quantum data. In addition, we give particular strategies based on repeated measurements on independent blocks of samples, that asymptotically attain the lower-bound, and thereby establish the ultimate quantum limit for quickest change point detection. Finally, we discuss online change point detection in quantum channels.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures, close to published version
High-z galaxies with JWST and local analogues -- it is not only star formation
Creators: name: Brinchmann, Jarle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present an analysis of the JWST NIRSpec data of SMACS 0723 released as Early Release Observations. As part of this three new redshifts are provided, bringing the total of reliable redshifts to 14. I propose a modification to the direct abundance determination method that reduces sensitivity to flux calibration uncertainties by a factor of ~3 and show that the resulting abundances are in good agreement with Bayesian photoionization models of the rest-frame optical spectrum. I also show that 6355 is most likely a narrow-line active galactic nucleus (AGN) with $M_* \sim 10^9$ Msun at z=7.66, and argue that 10612 might also have an AGN contribution to its flux through comparison to photoionization models and low-redshift analogues. Under the assumption that the lines come from star-formation I find that the galaxies have gas depletion times of ~$10^7$ years, comparable to similar galaxies locally. I also identify a population of possibly shock-dominated galaxies at z<3 whose near-IR emission lines plausibly come nearly all from shocks and discuss their implications. I close with a discussion of the potential for biases in the determination of the mass-metallicity relation using samples defined by detected [O III]4363 and show using low-z galaxies that this can lead to biases of up to 0.5 dex with a systematic trend with mass.
description: 20 pages, accepted version
Dynamics of the coefficient of friction between a rigid conical indenter and a viscoelastic foundation under step-wise change of sliding velocity
Creators: name: Dimaki Andrey Victorovich
name: Popov Valentin Leonidovich
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2017
Subjects: SLIDING FRICTION
ELASTOMERS
KELVIN MATERIAL
SLIDING VELOCITY
STEP-WISE CHANGE
ТРЕНИЕ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ
ЭЛАСТОМЕРЫ
МАТЕРИАЛ КЕЛЬВИНА
СКОРОСТЬ СКОЛЬЖЕНИЯ
СКАЧКООБРАЗНОЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ

description: We numerically calculated the coefficient of friction between a rigid cone and a viscoelastic Kelvin body under step-wise change of the velocity of sliding. The time dependence of the coefficient of friction has been empirically approximated. We show that the transition process has different character for the cases of increasing and decreasing of the sliding velocity.