cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Giant magnetic-field dependence of the coupling between spin Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids in BaCo2V2O8
Creators: name: Klanjsek, M.
name: Horvatic, M.
name: Kramer, S.
name: Mukhopadhyay, S.
name: Mayaffre, H.
name: Berthier, C.
name: Canevet, E.
name: Grenier, B.
name: Lejay, P.
name: Orignac, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use nuclear magnetic resonance to map the complete low-temperature phase diagram of the antiferromagnetic Ising-like spin-chain system BaCo2V2O8 as a function of the magnetic field applied along the chains. In contrast to the predicted crossover from the longitudinal incommensurate phase to the transverse antiferromagnetic phase, we find a sequence of three magnetically ordered phases between the critical fields 3.8 T and 22.8 T. Their origin is traced to the giant magnetic-field dependence of the total effective coupling between spin chains, extracted to vary by a factor of 24. We explain this novel phenomenon as emerging from the combination of nontrivially coupled spin chains and incommensurate spin fluctuations in the chains treated as Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
MOESM1 of The multifunctional roles of vegetated strips around and within agricultural fields. A systematic map protocol
Creators: name: Haddaway, Neal
name: Brown, Colin
name: SĂśnke Eggers
name: Josefsson, Jonas
name: Kronvang, Brian
name: Randall, Nicola
name: Uusi-KĂ¤MppĂ¤, Jaana
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Search strategy development.
Exact Coherent Structures in Fully Developed Two-Dimensional Turbulence
Creators: name: Zhigunov, Dmitriy
name: Grigoriev, Roman O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports several new classes of weakly unstable recurrent solutions of the 2+1-dimensional Euler equation on a square domain with periodic boundary conditions. These solutions have a number of remarkable properties which distinguish them from analogous solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation describing transitional flows. First of all, they come in high-dimensional continuous families. Second, solutions of different types are connected, e.g., an equilibrium can be smoothly continued to a traveling wave or a time-periodic state. Third, and most important, many of these solutions are dynamically relevant for turbulent flow at high Reynolds numbers. Specifically, we find that turbulence in numerical simulations exhibits large-scale coherent structures resembling some of our time-periodic solutions both frequently and over long temporal intervals. Such solutions are analogous to exact coherent structures originally introduced in the context of transitional flows.
A skewer survey of the Galactic halo from deep CFHT and INT images
Creators: name: Pila-Díez, B.
name: de Jong, J. T. A.
name: Kuijken, K.
name: van der Burg, R. F. J.
name: Hoekstra, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the density profile and shape of the Galactic halo using deep multicolour images from the MENeaCS and CCCP projects, over 33 fields selected to avoid overlap with the Galactic plane. Using multicolour selection and PSF homogenization techniques we obtain catalogues of F stars (near-main sequence turnoff stars) out to Galactocentric distances up to 60kpc. Grouping nearby lines of sight, we construct the stellar density profiles through the halo in eight different directions by means of photometric parallaxes. Smooth halo models are then fitted to these profiles. We find clear evidence for a steepening of the density profile power law index around R=20 kpc, from -2.50 +- 0.04 to -4.85 +- 0.04, and for a flattening of the halo towards the poles with best-fit axis ratio 0.63 +- 0.02. Furthermore, we cannot rule out a mild triaxiality (w>=0.8). We recover the signatures of well-known substructure and streams that intersect our lines of sight. These results are consistent with those derived from wider but shallower surveys, and augur well for upcoming, wide-field surveys of comparable depth to our pencil beam surveys.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
Additional file 1: of Exome sequencing identifies pathogenic variants of VPS13B in a patient with familial 16p11.2 duplication
Creators: name: Jila Dastan
name: Chijiwa, Chieko
name: Flamingo Tang
name: Martell, Sally
name: Qiao, Ying
name: Rajcan-Separovic, Evica
name: M. Lewis
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Figure S1: Filtering strategies used for analysis of WES data; Additional material and methods. (DOCX 83Â kb)
The strategic use of visuals on Facebook: A multimodal analysis of images and audience reactions during the campaign for the 2019 UK general election
Creators: name: Famulari, Umberto
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The article studies the images that the British political parties posted on Facebook during the 2019 UK elections. Verbal and non-verbal resources in the visuals were examined to look at the following strategies: Broadcasting policy, Mobilization, Attacking opponents and Image management. Overall, Attacking opponents was the most common strategy for verbal and non-verbal resources. Attacks against opponents were also associated with a higher number of likes and shares. A substantial portion of text in the images was used to talk about policies, in particular by the two largest parties, the Conservative Party and Labour Party. Visuals posted on Facebook by the Labour Party generated the highest number of audience reactions. Specific differences among political parties were also analyzed and discussed.
Additional file 2: of Estimation of individual cumulative ultraviolet exposure using a geographically-adjusted, openly-accessible tool
Creators: name: Gefei Zhu
name: Raber, Inbar
name: Sukolsak Sakshuwong
name: Shufeng Li
name: Li, Angela
name: Tan, Caroline
name: Chang, Anne
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Supplemental Materials. (PDF 954 kb)
Computation of Scattering Kernels in Radiative Transfer
Creators: name: Engler, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 65Z05

description: This note proposes rapidly convergent computational formulae for evaluating scattering kernels from radiative transfer theory. The approach used here does not rely on Legendre expansions, but rather uses exponentially convergent numerical integration rules. A closed form for the Henyey-Greenstein scattering kernel in terms of complete elliptic integrals is also derived.
Additional file 1: of PERK regulates Gq protein-coupled intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in primary cortical neurons
Creators: name: Siying Zhu
name: McGrath, Barbara
name: Yuting Bai
name: Tang, Xin
name: Cavener, Douglas
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Materials and methods for supplemental figures. (DOCX 17Â kb)
Additional file 18: Figure S9. of A multi-omic analysis of human naïve CD4+ T cells
Creators: name: Mitchell, Christopher
name: Derese Getnet
name: Min-Sik Kim
name: Srikanth Manda
name: Kumar, Praveen
name: Tai-Chung Huang
name: Pinto, Sneha
name: Nirujogi, Raja
name: Iwasaki, Mio
name: Shaw, Patrick
name: Xinyan Wu
name: Zhong, Jun
name: Raghothama Chaerkady
name: Arivusudar Marimuthu
name: Babylakshmi Muthusamy
name: Sahasrabuddhe, Nandini
name: Raju, Rajesh
name: Bowman, Caitlyn
name: Danilova, Ludmila
name: Cutler, Jevon
name: Dhanashree Kelkar
name: Drake, Charles
name: T. Prasad
name: Marchionni, Luigi
name: Murakami, Peter
name: Scott, Alan
name: Leming Shi
name: Thierry-Mieg, Jean
name: Thierry-Mieg, Danielle
name: Irizarry, Rafael
name: Cope, Leslie
name: Ishihama, Yasushi
name: Wang, Charles
name: Harsha Gowda
name: Akhilesh Pandey
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: DNA methylation pattern across various gene features on all protein coding genes in naïve CD4+ T cells. The x-axis represents various gene features in protein coding genes (TSS1500 - 1,500 bp upstream of transcription start site, TSS200 - 200 bp upstream of transcription start site, 5′ UTR – 5′ untranslated region, 1st exon, gene body and 3′ UTR – 3′ untranslated region) and the y-axis represents beta value which is an estimate of methylation level. Box-Whisker plots show median methylation levels at each gene feature across all protein coding genes in naïve CD4+ T cells. (PDF 1313 kb)
Symmetric non-Hermitian skin effect with emergent nonlocal correspondence
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Yuan
name: Hong, Jian-Song
name: Liu, Xiong-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) refers to that an extensive number of eigenstates of a non-Hermitian system are localized in open boundaries. Here we predict a universal phenomenon that with local particle-hole(-like) symmetry (PHS) the skin modes must be equally distributed on different boundaries, manifesting a novel nonlocalization of the local PHS, which is unique to non-Hermitian systems. We develop a generic theory for the emergent nonlocal symmetry-protected NHSE by connecting the non-Hermitian system to an extended Hermitian Hamiltonian in a quadruplicate Hilbert space, which maps the skin modes to the topological zero modes and the PHS to an emergent nonlocal symmetry in the perspective of many body physics. The predicted NHSE is robust against perturbations. We propose optical Raman lattice models to observe the predicted phenomena in all physical dimensions, which are accessible with cold-atom experiments.
description: 5+9 pages, 3+4 figures
title: Deletionssyndrom. Deletionssyndrom 22q11 – Was bedeutet das für ein Kind?
Creators: name: Ärztliches Zentrum Für Qualität In Der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Publisher: name: Bundesärztekammer (BÄK); Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV); Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ)
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Kurzinformation für Patienten
Tunnel-Junction Thermometry Down to Millikelvin Temperatures
Creators: name: Feshchenko, A. V.
name: Casparis, L.
name: Khaymovich, I. M.
name: Maradan, D.
name: Saira, O. -P.
name: Palma, M.
name: Meschke, M.
name: Pekola, J. P.
name: Zumbühl, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple on-chip electronic thermometer with the potential to operate down to 1 mK. It is based on transport through a single normal-metal - superconductor tunnel junction with rapidly widening leads. The current through the junction is determined by the temperature of the normal electrode that is efficiently thermalized to the phonon bath, and it is virtually insensitive to the temperature of the superconductor, even when the latter is relatively far from equilibrium. We demonstrate here the operation of the device down to 7 mK and present a systematic thermal analysis.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Elastic properties of polycrystalline dense matter
Creators: name: Kobyakov, D.
name: Pethick, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic properties of the solid regions of neutron star crusts and white dwarfs play an important role in theories of stellar oscillations. Matter in compact stars is presumably polycrystalline and, since the elastic properties of single crystals of such matter are very anisotropic, it is necessary to relate elastic properties of the polycrystal to those of a single crystal. We calculate the effective shear modulus of polycrystalline matter with randomly oriented crystallites using a self-consistent theory that has been very successful in applications to terrestrial materials and show that previous calculations overestimate the shear modulus by approximately 28%.
description: Preprint NORDITA-2015-16
Colloidal smectics in button-like confinements: experiment and theory
Creators: name: Wittmann, René
name: Monderkamp, Paul A.
name: Xia, Jingmin
name: Cortes, Louis B. G.
name: Grobas, Iago
name: Farrell, Patrick E.
name: Aarts, Dirk G. A. L.
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liquid crystals can self-organize into a layered smectic phase. While the smectic layers are typically straight forming a lamellar pattern in bulk, external confinement may drastically distort the layers due to the boundary conditions imposed on the orientational director field. Resolving this distortion leads to complex structures with topological defects. Here, we explore the configurations adopted by two-dimensional colloidal smectics made from nearly hard rod-like particles in complex confinements, characterized by a button-like structure with two internal boundaries (inclusions): a two-holed disk and a double annulus. The topology of the confinement generates new structures which we classify in reference to previous work as generalized laminar and generalized Shubnikov states. To explore these configurations, we combine particle-resolved experiments on colloidal rods with three complementary theoretical approaches: Monte-Carlo simulation, first-principles density functional theory and phenomenological $\mathbf{Q}$-tensor modeling. This yields a consistent and comprehensive description of the structural details. In particular, we characterize a nontrivial tilt angle between the direction of the layers and symmetry axes of the confinement.
Magnetic fields and relativistic electrons fill entire galaxy cluster
Creators: name: Botteon, A.
name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Brunetti, G.
name: Vazza, F.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: de Gasperin, F.
name: Akamatsu, H.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Cassano, R.
name: Cuciti, V.
name: Dallacasa, D.
name: Di Gennaro, G.
name: Gastaldello, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hot plasma within merging galaxy clusters is predicted to be filled with shocks and turbulence that may convert part of their kinetic energy into relativistic electrons and magnetic fields generating synchrotron radiation. Analyzing Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) observations of the galaxy cluster Abell 2255, we show evidence of radio synchrotron emission distributed over very large scales of at least 5 megaparsec. The pervasive radio emission witnesses that shocks and turbulence efficiently transfer kinetic energy into relativistic particles and magnetic fields in a region that extends up to the cluster outskirts. The strength of the emission requires a magnetic field energy density at least 100 times higher than expected from a simple compression of primordial fields, presumably implying that dynamo operates efficiently also in the cluster periphery. It also suggests that nonthermal components may contribute substantially to the pressure of the intracluster medium in the cluster periphery.
description: Published in Science Advances on Nov 2nd, 2022. 8 pages, 5 images
Tailoring superradiance to design artificial quantum systems
Creators: name: Longo, Paolo
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Evers, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cooperative phenomena arising due to the coupling of individual atoms via the radiation field are a cornerstone of modern quantum and optical physics. Recent experiments on x-ray quantum optics added a new twist to this line of research by exploiting superradiance in order to construct artificial quantum systems. However, so far, systematic approaches to deliberately design superradiance properties are lacking, impeding the desired implementation of more advanced quantum optical schemes. Here, we develop an analytical framework for the engineering of single-photon superradiance in extended media applicable across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, and show how it can be used to tailor the properties of an artificial quantum system. This "reverse engineering" of superradiance not only provides an avenue towards non-linear and quantum mechanical phenomena at x-ray energies, but also leads to a unified view on and a better understanding of superradiance across different physical systems.
description: 6 pages + supplemental material
3D Human Pose Estimation in Multi-View Operating Room Videos Using Differentiable Camera Projections
Creators: name: Gerats, Beerend G. A.
name: Wolterink, Jelmer M.
name: Broeders, Ivo A. M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.8; I.4.9

description: 3D human pose estimation in multi-view operating room (OR) videos is a relevant asset for person tracking and action recognition. However, the surgical environment makes it challenging to find poses due to sterile clothing, frequent occlusions, and limited public data. Methods specifically designed for the OR are generally based on the fusion of detected poses in multiple camera views. Typically, a 2D pose estimator such as a convolutional neural network (CNN) detects joint locations. Then, the detected joint locations are projected to 3D and fused over all camera views. However, accurate detection in 2D does not guarantee accurate localisation in 3D space. In this work, we propose to directly optimise for localisation in 3D by training 2D CNNs end-to-end based on a 3D loss that is backpropagated through each camera's projection parameters. Using videos from the MVOR dataset, we show that this end-to-end approach outperforms optimisation in 2D space.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the 2022 AE-CAI Special Issue of Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization
Competition between energy and dynamics in memory formation
Creators: name: Hagh, Varda F.
name: Lindeman, Chloe W.
name: Ip, Chi Ian
name: Nagel, Sidney R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bi-stable objects that are pushed between states by an external field are often used as a simple model to study memory formation in disordered materials. Such systems, called hysterons, are typically treated quasistatically. Here, we generalize hysterons to explore the effect of dynamics in a simple spring system with tunable bistability and study how the system chooses a minimum. Changing the timescale of the forcing allows the system to transition between a situation where its fate is determined by following the local energy minimum to one where it is trapped in a shallow well determined by the path taken through configuration space. Oscillatory forcing can lead to transients lasting many cycles, a behavior not possible for a single quasistatic hysteron.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 video
Learning to Grasp the Ungraspable with Emergent Extrinsic Dexterity
Creators: name: Zhou, Wenxuan
name: Held, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A simple gripper can solve more complex manipulation tasks if it can utilize the external environment such as pushing the object against the table or a vertical wall, known as "Extrinsic Dexterity." Previous work in extrinsic dexterity usually has careful assumptions about contacts which impose restrictions on robot design, robot motions, and the variations of the physical parameters. In this work, we develop a system based on reinforcement learning (RL) to address these limitations. We study the task of "Occluded Grasping" which aims to grasp the object in configurations that are initially occluded; the robot needs to move the object into a configuration from which these grasps can be achieved. We present a system with model-free RL that successfully achieves this task using a simple gripper with extrinsic dexterity. The policy learns emergent behaviors of pushing the object against the wall to rotate and then grasp it without additional reward terms on extrinsic dexterity. We discuss important components of the system including the design of the RL problem, multi-grasp training and selection, and policy generalization with automatic curriculum. Most importantly, the policy trained in simulation is zero-shot transferred to a physical robot. It demonstrates dynamic and contact-rich motions with a simple gripper that generalizes across objects with various size, density, surface friction, and shape with a 78% success rate. Videos can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/grasp-ungraspable/.
Additional file 1: of Evaluation of the efficacy of a short-course, personalized self-management and intensive spa therapy intervention as active prevention of musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities (Muska): a research protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Lanhers, Charlotte
name: Pereira, Bruno
name: ChloĂŠ Gay
name: HĂŠrisson, Christian
name: Levyckyj, Christine
name: Dupeyron, Arnaud
name: Coudeyre, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S1. Education sheet neck. (PDF 786Â kb)
Optimal approximate designs for estimating treatment contrasts resistant to nuisance effects
Creators: name: Rosa, Samuel
name: Harman, Radoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62K05

description: Suppose that we intend to perform an experiment consisting of a set of independent trials. The mean value of the response of each trial is assumed to be equal to the sum of the effect of the treatment selected for the trial, and some nuisance effects, e.g., the effect of a time trend, or blocking. In this model, we examine optimal approximate designs for the estimation of a system of treatment contrasts, with respect to a wide range of optimality criteria. We show that it is necessary for any optimal design to attain the optimal treatment proportions, which may be obtained from the marginal model that excludes the nuisance effects. Moreover, we prove that for a design to be optimal, it is sufficient that it attains the optimal treatment proportions and satisfies conditions of resistance to nuisance effects. For selected natural choices of treatment contrasts and optimality criteria, we calculate the optimal treatment proportions and give an explicit form of optimal designs. In particular, we obtain optimal treatment proportions for comparison of a set of new treatments with a set of controls. The results allow us to construct a method of calculating optimal approximate designs with a small support by means of linear programming. As a consequence, we can construct efficient exact designs by a simple heuristic.
description: 31 pages. Compared to the previous version: added comparison with multiple controls; some reformulations to add more clarity
Additional file 7: Figure S7. of Increased phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 at Thr514 correlates with β-amyloid burden and synaptic deficits in Lewy body dementias
Creators: name: Huayang Xing
name: Yun-An Lim
name: Chong, Joyce
name: Jasinda Lee
name: Aarsland, Dag
name: Ballard, Clive
name: Francis, Paul
name: Chen, Christopher
name: Lai, Mitchell
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Unchanged PP2A C-subunit immunoreactivity in DLB parietal cortex. a Representative immunoblots and b bar graphs of PP2A C-subunit immunoreactivity (mean ± SEM in arbitrary units), with GAPDH as loading control. Available N for control (C) = 19; PDD (P) = 19 and DLB (D) = 20. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found for multiple pair-wise comparisons of PP2A C-subunit between groups (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post-doc tests). (PDF 133 kb)
An exponentially-growing family of universal quantum circuits
Creators: name: Kordzanganeh, Mo
name: Sekatski, Pavel
name: Fedichkin, Leonid
name: Melnikov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum machine learning has become an area of growing interest but has certain theoretical and hardware-specific limitations. Notably, the problem of vanishing gradients, or barren plateaus, renders the training impossible for circuits with high qubit counts, imposing a limit on the number of qubits that data scientists can use for solving problems. Independently, angle-embedded supervised quantum neural networks were shown to produce truncated Fourier series with a degree directly dependent on two factors: the depth of the encoding and the number of parallel qubits the encoding applied to. The degree of the Fourier series limits the model expressivity. This work introduces two new architectures whose Fourier degrees grow exponentially: the sequential and parallel exponential quantum machine learning architectures. This is done by efficiently using the available Hilbert space when encoding, increasing the expressivity of the quantum encoding. Therefore, the exponential growth allows staying at the low-qubit limit to create highly expressive circuits avoiding barren plateaus. Practically, parallel exponential architecture was shown to outperform the existing linear architectures by reducing their final mean square error value by up to 44.7% in a one-dimensional test problem. Furthermore, the feasibility of this technique was also shown on a trapped ion quantum processing unit.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Jensen's and Cantelli's Inequalities with Imprecise Previsions
Creators: name: Pelessoni, Renato
name: Vicig, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60E15

description: We investigate how basic probability inequalities can be extended to an imprecise framework, where (precise) probabilities and expectations are replaced by imprecise probabilities and lower/upper previsions. We focus on inequalities giving information on a single bounded random variable $X$, considering either convex/concave functions of $X$ (Jensen's inequalities) or one-sided bounds such as $(X\geq c)$ or $(X\leq c)$ (Markov's and Cantelli's inequalities). As for the consistency of the relevant imprecise uncertainty measures, our analysis considers coherence as well as weaker requirements, notably $2$-coherence, which proves to be often sufficient. Jensen-like inequalities are introduced, as well as a generalisation of a recent improvement to Jensen's inequality. Some of their applications are proposed: extensions of Lyapunov's inequality and inferential problems. After discussing upper and lower Markov's inequalities, Cantelli-like inequalities are proven with different degrees of consistency for the related lower/upper previsions. In the case of coherent imprecise previsions, the corresponding Cantelli's inequalities make use of Walley's lower and upper variances, generally ensuring better bounds.
description: Published in Fuzzy Sets and Systems - https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2022.06.021
Additional file 1: of Characterisation of trials where marketing purposes have been influential in study design: a descriptive study
Creators: name: Barbour, Virginia
name: Druin Burch
name: Godlee, Fiona
name: Heneghan, Carl
name: Lehman, Richard
name: Perera, Rafael
name: Ross, Joseph
name: Schroter, Sara
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Data extraction form. (DOCX 32Â kb)
Matching Theory for Backhaul Management in Small Cell Networks with mmWave Capabilities
Creators: name: Semiari, Omid
name: Saad, Walid
name: Dawy, Zaher
name: Bennis, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Designing cost-effective and scalable backhaul solutions is one of the main challenges for emerging wireless small cell networks (SCNs). In this regard, millimeter wave (mmW) communication technologies have recently emerged as an attractive solution to realize the vision of a high-speed and reliable wireless small cell backhaul network (SCBN). In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for managing the spectral resources of a heterogeneous SCBN that can exploit simultaneously mmW and conventional frequency bands via carrier aggregation. In particular, a new SCBN model is proposed in which small cell base stations (SCBSs) equipped with broadband fiber backhaul allocate their frequency resources to SCBSs with wireless backhaul, by using aggregated bands. One unique feature of the studied model is that it jointly accounts for both wireless channel characteristics and economic factors during resource allocation. The problem is then formulated as a one-to-many matching game and a distributed algorithm is proposed to find a stable outcome of the game. The convergence of the algorithm is proven and the properties of the resulting matching are studied. Simulation results show that under the constraints of wireless backhauling, the proposed approach achieves substantial performance gains, reaching up to $30 \%$ compared to a conventional best-effort approach.
description: In Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Mobile and Wireless Networks Symposium, London, UK, June 2015
Additional file 2: of The effectiveness of a mobile application for the development of palpation and ultrasound imaging skills to supplement the traditional learning of physiotherapy students
Creators: name: Fernández-Lao, Carolina
name: Cantarero-Villanueva, Irene
name: Galiano-Castillo, Noelia
name: Caro-Morán, Elena
name: Díaz-Rodríguez, Lourdes
name: Arroyo-Morales, Manuel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Assessment questionnaire of the learning process. (DOCX 15 kb)
Building independence relations in abstract elementary classes
Creators: name: Vasey, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C48 (Primary), 03C45, 03C52, 03C55, 03C75, 03E55 (Secondary)

description: We study general methods to build forking-like notions in the framework of tame abstract elementary classes (AECs) with amalgamation. We show that whenever such classes are categorical in a high-enough cardinal, they admit a good frame: a forking-like notion for types of singleton elements. $\mathbf{Theorem}$ (Superstability from categoricity) Let $K$ be a $( \text{LS} (K)$ and $K$ is categorical in a $λ> κ$, then: * $K$ is stable in all cardinals $\ge κ$. * $K$ is categorical in $κ$. * There is a type-full good $λ$-frame with underlying class $K_λ$. Under more locality conditions, we prove that the frame extends to a global independence notion (for types of arbitrary length). $\mathbf{Theorem}$ (A global independence notion from categoricity) Let $K$ be a densely type-local, fully tame and type short AEC with amalgamation. If $K$ is categorical in unboundedly many cardinals, then there exists $λ\ge \text{LS} (K)$ such that $K_{\ge λ}$ admits a global independence relation with the properties of forking in a superstable first-order theory. As an application, we deduce (modulo an unproven claim of Shelah) that Shelah's eventual categoricity conjecture for AECs (without assuming categoricity in a successor cardinal) follows from the weak generalized continuum hypothesis and a large cardinal axiom. $\textbf{Corollary}$ Assume $2^λ < 2^{λ^+}$ for all cardinals $λ$, as well as an unpublished claim of Shelah. If there exists a proper class of strongly compact cardinals, then any AEC categorical in some high-enough cardinal is categorical in all high-enough cardinals.
description: 96 pages. Was initially part of Infinitary stability theory (arXiv:1412.3313). Early versions were called "Independence in abstract elementary classes"
Nonlinear microtearing modes in MAST and their stochastic layer formation
Creators: name: Giacomin, M.
name: Dickinson, D.
name: Kennedy, D.
name: Patel, B. S.
name: Roach, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of microtearing modes in the core of a MAST case are performed on two surfaces of the high-collisionality discharge used in Valovič et al. Nucl. Fusion 51.7 (2011) to obtain the favorable energy confinement scaling with collisionality, $τ_E\propto\,ν_*^{-1}$. On the considered surfaces microtearing modes dominate linearly at binormal length scales of the order of the ion Larmor radius. While the effect of electron collision frequency is moderate in linear simulations, a strong dependence on this parameter is found in nonlinear simulations at $r/a=0.5$, where $r$ and $a$ are the surface and tokamak minor radius, respectively. The dynamics of magnetic islands generated by microtearing modes is analysed, showing that the radial extent of the stochastic region caused by islands overlapping plays an important role in determining the saturation level of the microtearing mode driven heat flux. Local nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations show that the microtearing mode driven heat flux, $Q_e^\mathrm{MTM}$, is largely dominated by magnetic flutter and depends strongly on the magnetic shear, $\hat{s}$. Comparing two surfaces, $r/a=0.5$ and $r/a=0.6$, reveals that $Q_e^\mathrm{MTM}$ is negligible at $r/a=0.5$ ($\hat{s}=0.34$), with the electron temperature gradient driven heat flux, $Q_e^\mathrm{ETG}$, comparable to the experimental electron heat flux, $Q_e^\mathrm{exp}$, while $Q_e^\mathrm{MTM}$ is significantly larger and comparable to $Q_e^\mathrm{ETG}$ and $Q_e^\mathrm{exp}$ at $r/a=0.6$ ($\hat{s}=1.1$). Microtearing modes cause more experimentally significant transport in higher $\hat{s}$ regions and may influence (together with electron temperature gradient modes) the observed scaling of energy confinement time with collisionality (Valovič et al. Nucl. Fusion 51.7 (2011)).
Are professionals rationals? : how organizations and households make e-car investments
Creators: name: Kastner, Ingo
name: Becker, Annalena
name: Bobeth, Sebastian
name: Matthies, Ellen
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mobility investment decisions
subject: E-cars
subject: Households
subject: Organizations
subject: Social norms
subject: 150.72

description: This study attempts to identify the main drivers for e-car investments in households and organizations. We questioned 227 decision makers in households currently considering car purchases, and 101 decision makers in small businesses. The businesses were private care services, because their driving profiles widely fit the capabilities of modern e-cars. The main investment drivers were compared in an integrated action model involving elements of the theory of planned behavior and the norm-activation model, i.e., investment intentions, attitudes, personal (ecological) and social norms, and perceived behavioral control. For each group, different models were calculated in order to investigate the relevance of different types of social norms within the decision process, i.e., injunctive or descriptive norms. As expected, the household and organizational decisions were found to be based on different key factors: the decision makers in households mostly considered personal and descriptive social norms; the organizational decisions were mostly grounded in attitudes and injunctive social norms concerning staff expectations. The results suggest the need for tailored policy measures for each target group.
Fractal position spectrum for a class of oscillators
Creators: name: Sadurní, E.
name: Rivera-Mociños, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the position operator for a class of $f$-deformed oscillators has a fractal spectrum, homeomorphic to the Cantor set, via a unitary transformation to Harper's model. The class corresponds to a choice of ergodic operators for the deformation function. Hofstadter's butterfly is plotted by direct diagonalization of a position operator with an originally vanishing diagonal. This is equivalent to a one-dimensional hamiltonian without potential.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Spacetime continuity and quantum information loss
Creators: name: Good, Michael R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuity across the shock wave of two regions in the metric during the formation of a black hole can be relaxed in order to achieve information preservation. A Planck scale sized spacetime discontinuity leads to unitarity (a constant asymptotic entanglement entropy) by restricting the origin of coordinates (moving mirror) to be timelike. Moreover, thermal equilibration occurs and total evaporation energy emitted is finite.
description: 9 page, 5 figures, 1 table
Fusion protocol for Majorana modes in coupled quantum dots
Creators: name: Liu, Chun-Xiao
name: Pan, Haining
name: Setiawan, F.
name: Wimmer, Michael
name: Sau, Jay D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent breakthrough experiment [Nature (London) 614, 445 (2023)], signatures of Majorana zero modes have been observed in tunnel spectroscopy for a minimal Kitaev chain constructed from coupled quantum dots. However, as Ising anyons, Majoranas' most fundamental property of non-Abelian statistics is yet to be detected. Moreover, the minimal Kitaev chain is qualitatively different from topological superconductors in that it supports Majoranas only at a sweet spot. Therefore, it is not obvious whether non-Abelian characteristics such as braiding and fusion can be demonstrated in this platform with a reasonable level of robustness. In this work, we theoretically propose a protocol for detecting the Majorana fusion rules in an artificial Kitaev chain consisting of four quantum dots. In contrast with the previous proposals for semiconductor-superconductor hybrid nanowire platforms, here we do not rely on mesoscopic superconducting islands, which are difficult to implement in quantum dot chains. To show the robustness of the fusion protocol, we discuss the effects of three types of realistic imperfections on the fusion outcomes, e.g., diabatic errors, dephasing errors, and calibration errors. We also propose a fermion parity readout scheme using quantum capacitance. Our work will shed light on future experiments on detecting the non-Abelian properties of Majorana modes in a quantum dot chain.
description: 8+5 pages, 4+3 figures
Additional file 4: Figure S2. of Amnion as a surrogate tissue reporter of the effects of maternal preeclampsia on the fetus
Creators: name: Suzuki, Masako
name: Maekawa, Ryo
name: Patterson, Nicole
name: Reynolds, David
name: Calder, Brent
name: Reznik, Sandra
name: Heo, Hye
name: Einstein, Francine
name: Greally, John
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Differentially expressed genes in preeclampsia-exposed amnion. A MA plot shows the distribution of differentially expressed and differentially methylated genes. The x-axis shows counts per million (CPM), and the y-axis shows log-fold changes. The differentially methylated genes are highlighted in red and the differentially expressed genes are highlighted in green. (PDF 4.30 MB)
Evolutionary Reinforcement Learning: A Survey
Creators: name: Bai, Hui
name: Cheng, Ran
name: Jin, Yaochu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reinforcement learning (RL) is a machine learning approach that trains agents to maximize cumulative rewards through interactions with environments. The integration of RL with deep learning has recently resulted in impressive achievements in a wide range of challenging tasks, including board games, arcade games, and robot control. Despite these successes, there remain several crucial challenges, including brittle convergence properties caused by sensitive hyperparameters, difficulties in temporal credit assignment with long time horizons and sparse rewards, a lack of diverse exploration, especially in continuous search space scenarios, difficulties in credit assignment in multi-agent reinforcement learning, and conflicting objectives for rewards. Evolutionary computation (EC), which maintains a population of learning agents, has demonstrated promising performance in addressing these limitations. This article presents a comprehensive survey of state-of-the-art methods for integrating EC into RL, referred to as evolutionary reinforcement learning (EvoRL). We categorize EvoRL methods according to key research fields in RL, including hyperparameter optimization, policy search, exploration, reward shaping, meta-RL, and multi-objective RL. We then discuss future research directions in terms of efficient methods, benchmarks, and scalable platforms. This survey serves as a resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the field of EvoRL, highlighting the important challenges and opportunities for future research. With the help of this survey, researchers and practitioners can develop more efficient methods and tailored benchmarks for EvoRL, further advancing this promising cross-disciplinary research field.
Local Probabilistic Decoding of a Quantum Code
Creators: name: Scruby, T. R.
name: Nemoto, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: flip is an extremely simple and maximally local classical decoder which has been used to great effect in certain classes of classical codes. When applied to quantum codes there exist constant-weight errors (such as half of a stabiliser) which are uncorrectable for this decoder, so previous studies have considered modified versions of flip, sometimes in conjunction with other decoders. We argue that this may not always be necessary, and present numerical evidence for the existence of a threshold for flip when applied to the looplike syndromes of a three-dimensional toric code on a cubic lattice. This result can be attributed to the fact that the lowest-weight uncorrectable errors for this decoder are closer (in terms of Hamming distance) to correctable errors than to other uncorrectable errors, and so they are likely to become correctable in future code cycles after transformation by additional noise. Introducing randomness into the decoder can allow it to correct these "uncorrectable" errors with finite probability, and for a decoding strategy that uses a combination of belief propagation and probabilistic flip we observe a threshold of $\sim5.5\%$ under phenomenological noise. This is comparable to the best known threshold for this code ($\sim7.1\%$) which was achieved using belief propagation and ordered statistics decoding [Higgott and Breuckmann, 2022], a strategy with a runtime of $O(n^3)$ as opposed to the $O(n)$ ($O(1)$ when parallelised) runtime of our local decoder. We expect that this strategy could be generalised to work well in other low-density parity check codes, and hope that these results will prompt investigation of other previously overlooked decoders.
description: 10 pages + 1 page appendix, 7 figures. Comments welcome.; v3 Published version
Automorphic products of singular weight for simple lattices
Creators: name: Dittmann, Moritz
name: Hagemeier, Heike
name: Schwagenscheidt, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We classify the simple even lattices of square free level and signature (2,n) for n > 3. A lattice is called simple if the space of cusp forms of weight 1+n/2 for the dual Weil representation of the lattice is trivial. For a simple lattice every formal principal part obeying obvious conditions is the principal part of a vector valued modular form. Using this, we determine all holomorphic Borcherds products of singular weight (arising from vector valued modular forms with non-negative principal part) for the simple lattices. We construct the corresponding vector valued modular forms by eta products and compute expansions of the automorphic products at different cusps.
description: 22 pages