cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Consistency of potential energy in the dynamical vertex approximation
Creators: name: Stobbe, Julian
name: Rohringer, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decades, dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) and its diagrammatic extensions have been successfully applied to describe local and nonlocal correlation effects in correlated electron systems. Unfortunately, except for the exact solution, it is impossible to fulfill both the Pauli principle and conservation laws at the same time. Consequently, fundamental observables such as the kinetic and potential energies are ambiguously defined. In this work, we propose an approach to overcome the ambiguity in the calculation of the potential energy within the ladder dynamical vertex approximation (D$Γ$A) by introducing an effective mass renormalization parameter in both the charge and the spin susceptibility of the system. We then apply our method to the half-filled single-band Hubbard model on a three-dimensional bipartite cubic lattice. We find that: (i) at weak-to-intermediate coupling, a reasonable modification of the transition temperature $\TN$ to the antiferromagnetically ordered state with respect to previous ladder D$Γ$A calculations without charge renormalization. This is in good agreement with dual fermion and Monte Carlo results; (ii) the renormalization of charge fluctuations in our new approach leads to a unique value for the potential energy which is substantially lower than corresponding ones from DMFT and non-self-consistent ladder D$Γ$A; and (iii) the hierarchy of the kinetic energies between the DMFT and the ladder D$Γ$A in the weak coupling regime is restored by the consideration of charge renormalization.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures
Can linear algebra create perfect knockoffs?
Creators: name: Hemmens, Christopher
name: Robert-Nicoud, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As new Model-X knockoff construction techniques are developed, primarily concerned with determining the correct conditional distribution from which to sample, we focus less on deriving the correct multivariate distribution and instead ask if ``perfect'' knockoffs can be constructed using linear algebra. Using mean absolute correlation between knockoffs and features as a measure of quality, we do produce knockoffs that are pseudo-perfect, however, the optimization algorithm is computationally very expensive. We outline a series of methods to significantly reduce the computation time of the algorithm.
description: 11 pages
Topological charges of three-dimensional Dirac semimetals with rotation symmetry
Creators: name: Yang, Bohm-Jung
name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Furusaki, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In general, the stability of a band crossing point indicates the presence of a quantized topological number associated with it. In particular, the recent discovery of three-dimensional Dirac semimetals in Na$_{3}$Bi and Cd$_{3}$As$_{2}$ demonstrates that a Dirac point with four-fold degeneracy can be stable as long as certain crystalline symmetries are supplemented in addition to the time-reversal and inversion symmetries. However, the topological charges associated with Na$_{3}$Bi and Cd$_{3}$As$_{2}$ are not clarified yet. In this work, we identify the topological charge of three-dimensional Dirac points. It is found that although the simultaneous presence of the time-reversal and inversion symmetries forces the net chiral charge to vanish, a Dirac point can carry another quantized topological charge when an additional rotation symmetry is considered. Two different classes of Dirac semimetals are identified depending on the nature of the rotation symmetries. First, the conventional symmorphic rotational symmetry which commutes with the inversion gives rise to the class I Dirac semimetals having a pair of Dirac points on the rotation axes. Since the topological charges of each pair of Dirac points have the opposite sign, a pair-creation or a pair-annihilation is required to change the number of Dirac points in the momentum space. On the other hand, the class II Dirac semimetals possess a single isolated Dirac point at a time-reversal invariant momentum, which is protected by a screw rotation. The non-symmorphic nature of screw rotations allows the anti-commutation relation between the rotation and inversion symmetries, which enables to circumvent the doubling of the number of Dirac points and create a single Dirac point at the Brillouin zone boundary.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables
Hilbert-space correlations beyond multifractality and bipartite entanglement in many-body localised systems
Creators: name: Roy, Sthitadhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eigenstates of many-body localised (MBL) systems are characterised by area-law bipartite entanglement along with multifractal statistics of their amplitudes on Hilbert space. At the same time, sparse random pure states with fractal statistics are not compatible with area-law and necessarily exhibit volume-law entanglement. This raises the question that what correlation functions of Hilbert-space amplitudes MBL eigenstates must possess for their area law entanglement to be compatible with their multifractality. In this work, we identify and compute such appropriate Hilbert-space correlations which carry information of entanglement. We find that, for MBL eigenstates, these correlations are qualitatively different not only from those of ergodic states but also of sparse random states with fractal statistics. This enables us to show that indeed the said correlations lie at the heart of the coexistence of area-law entanglement and multifractality for MBL eigenstates.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures + supplementary material (2 pages, 1 figure), version published in Phys. Rev. B as a Letter
On the variable timing behavior of PSR B0540-69: an almost excellent example to study pulsar braking mechanism
Creators: name: Kou, F. F.
name: Ou, Z. W.
name: Tong, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR B0540-69 has braking index measurement in its persistent state: n=2.129 \pm 0.012. Recently, it is reported to have spin-down state changes: a suddenly 36 % increase in the spin-down rate. Combining the persistent state braking index measurement and different spin-down states, PSR B0540-69 is more powerful than intermittent pulsars in constraining pulsar spin-down models. The pulsar wind model is applied to explain the variable timing behavior of PSR B0540-69. The persistent state braking index of PSR B0540-69 is the combined effect of magnetic dipole radiation and particle wind. The particle density reflects the magnetospheric activity in real-time and may be responsible for the changing spin-down behavior. Corresponding to the 36 % increase in the spin-down rate of PSR B0540-69, the relative increase in the particle density is 88 % in the vacuum gap model. And the model calculated braking index in the new state is n=1.79. Future braking index observation of PSR B0540-69 in the new spin-down state will be very powerful in distinguishing between different pulsar spin-down models and different particle acceleration models in the wind braking scenario. The variable timing behavior of PSR J1846-0258 is also understandable in the pulsar wind model.
description: 9 pages, accepted for Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics, significantly rewritten compared with the original version
Breakdown of the correspondence between the real-complex and delocalization-localization transitions in non-Hermitian quasicrystals
Creators: name: Chen, Wen
name: Cheng, Shujie
name: Lin, Ji
name: Asgari, Reza
name: Xianlong, Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correspondence between the real-complex transition in energy and delocalization-localization transition is well-established in a class of Aubry-Andr'e-Harper model with exponential non-Hermitian on-site potentials. In this paper, we study a generalized Aubry-Andr'e model with off-diagonal modulation and non-Hermitian on-site potential. We find that, when there exists an incommensurate off-diagonal modulation, the correspondence breaks down, although the extended phase is maintained in a wide parameter range of the strengths of the on-site potential and the off-diagonal hoppings. An additional intermediate phase with a non-Hermitian mobility edge emerges when the off-diagonal hoppings become commensurate. This phase is characterized by the real and complex sections of the energy spectrum corresponding to the extended and localized states. In this case, the aforementioned correspondence reappears due to the recovery of the PT-symmetry.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Benefits of mitigating childhood lead exposures associated with private wells: Implementation of a population intervention model in Wake County, North Carolina
Creators: name: Colley, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Drinking water is an increasingly important mediator of children’s blood lead levels (BLL) in the United States; however, few studies have focused on childhood lead exposures arising from private well water specifically. This research estimated select health and economic benefits of connecting private well households to regulated community water systems. A population intervention model was used to predict the change in children’s BLLs associated with the intervention for a cohort of Wake County, North Carolina children (n=11,010). We also estimated downstream benefits, including avoided IQ loss and avoided lifetime earnings loss. BLLs were predicted to decrease by 16.5% under the intervention. Depending on the dose-response relationship used, this intervention could preserve an estimated 330 to 1430 IQ points within the cohort, corresponding to a per-child benefit ranging from $700 to $3100. We identified the selection of dose-response relationship as a source of uncertainty in estimating population health and economic benefits.
Exploring the Limits of Synthetic Creation of Solar EUV Images via Image-to-Image Translation
Creators: name: Salvatelli, Valentina
name: Santos, Luiz F. G. dos
name: Bose, Souvik
name: Neuberg, Brad
name: Cheung, Mark C. M.
name: Janvier, Miho
name: Jin, Meng
name: Gal, Yarin
name: Baydin, Atilim Gunes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), a NASA multi-spectral decade-long mission that has been daily producing terabytes of observational data from the Sun, has been recently used as a use-case to demonstrate the potential of machine learning methodologies and to pave the way for future deep-space mission planning. In particular, the idea of using image-to-image translation to virtually produce extreme ultra-violet channels has been proposed in several recent studies, as a way to both enhance missions with less available channels and to alleviate the challenges due to the low downlink rate in deep space. This paper investigates the potential and the limitations of such a deep learning approach by focusing on the permutation of four channels and an encoder--decoder based architecture, with particular attention to how morphological traits and brightness of the solar surface affect the neural network predictions. In this work we want to answer the question: can synthetic images of the solar corona produced via image-to-image translation be used for scientific studies of the Sun? The analysis highlights that the neural network produces high-quality images over three orders of magnitude in count rate (pixel intensity) and can generally reproduce the covariance across channels within a 1% error. However the model performance drastically diminishes in correspondence of extremely high energetic events like flares, and we argue that the reason is related to the rareness of such events posing a challenge to model training.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. To be published on ApJ (submitted on Feb 21st, accepted on July 28th)
Preheating after Multifield Inflation with Nonminimal Couplings, I: Covariant Formalism and Attractor Behavior
Creators: name: DeCross, Matthew P.
name: Kaiser, David I.
name: Prabhu, Anirudh
name: Prescod-Weinstein, Chanda
name: Sfakianakis, Evangelos I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first of a three-part series of papers, in which we study the preheating phase for multifield models of inflation involving nonminimal couplings. In this paper, we study the single-field attractor behavior that these models exhibit during inflation and quantify its strength and parameter dependence. We further demonstrate that the strong single-field attractor behavior persists after the end of inflation. Preheating in such models therefore generically avoids the "de-phasing" that typically affects multifield models with minimally coupled fields, allowing efficient transfer of energy from the oscillating inflaton condensate(s) to coupled perturbations across large portions of parameter space. We develop a doubly-covariant formalism for studying the preheating phase in such models and identify several features specific to multifield models with nonminimal couplings, including effects that arise from the nontrivial field-space manifold. In papers II and III, we apply this formalism to study how the amplification of adiabatic and isocurvature perturbations varies with parameters, highlighting several distinct regimes depending on the magnitude of the nonminimal couplings $ξ_I$.
description: 48 pages, 18 figures. References added and minor edits made to match published version
Averaged Recurrence Quantification Analysis -- Method omitting the recurrence threshold choice
Creators: name: Pánis, Radim
name: Adámek, Karel
name: Marwan, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) is a well established method of nonlinear data analysis. In this work we present a new strategy for an almost parameter-free RQA. The approach finally omits the choice of the threshold parameter by calculating the RQA measures for a range of thresholds (in fact recurrence rates). Specifically, we test the ability of the RQA measure determinism, to sort data with respect to their signal to noise ratios. We consider a periodic signal, simple chaotic logistic equation, and Lorenz system in the tested data set with different and even very small signal to noise ratios of lengths $10^2, 10^3, 10^4,$ and $10^5$. To make the calculations possible a new effective algorithm was developed for streamlining of the numerical operations on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
description: Accepted in EPJ ST on 19 July 2022
Environmental health conditions in protracted displacement: a systematic scoping review
Creators: name: Shackelford, Brandie Banner
name: Cronk, Ryan
name: Behnke, Nikki
name: Heller, Leo
name: Bartram, Jamie
name: Tu, Raymond
name: Cooper, Brittany
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Adequate environmental health services are critical for human rights, health, and development, especially in the context of forced displacement. There are more than 70 million forcibly displaced persons worldwide, most in protracted situations, having been displaced for more than two years. Some live in camps or informal settlements, but most live in urban areas. Environmental health services are important in the transition from emergency re- sponse to sustainable development in these settings, but evidence on environmental health in displaced popula- tions is disparate and of variable quality. We conducted a systematic scoping review of environmental conditions, exposures, and outcomes in protracted displacement settings; obstacles to improvement in environmental health services; and recommendations made for improvement. We included 213 publications from peer- reviewed and grey literature databases. Data were extracted on environmental health topics including water, sanitation, hygiene, overcrowding, waste management, energy supply, vector control, menstrual hygiene, air quality, and food safety. Most studies present data from low- and lower-middle income countries. Northern Africa and Western Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa are the most-represented regions. There is substantial evidence on water, sanitation, and crowding, but few studies report findings on other environmental health topics. Water-related disease, parasites, and respiratory infections are frequently cited and studies report that services often fail to meet international standards for humanitarian response. The most frequent obstacles and recommendations are institutional, political, or implementation-related, but few studies provide concrete recommendations for im- provement. Our review compiles and characterizes the research on environmental health in protracted displace- ment. We recommend including displaced populations in international environmental health policy and monitoring initiatives, and bridging from humanitarian response to sustainable development by preparing for long-term displacement from the early stages of a crisis.
Gravitational, shear and matter waves in Kantowski-Sachs cosmologies
Creators: name: Keresztes, Zoltán
name: Forsberg, Mats
name: Bradley, Michael
name: Dunsby, Peter K. S.
name: Gergely, László Á.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general treatment of vorticity-free, perfect fluid perturbations of Kantowski-Sachs models with a positive cosmological constant are considered within the framework of the 1+1+2 covariant decomposition of spacetime. The dynamics is encompassed in six evolution equations for six harmonic coefficients, describing gravito-magnetic, kinematic and matter perturbations, while a set of algebraic expressions determine the rest of the variables. The six equations further decouple into a set of four equations sourced by the perfect fluid, representing forced oscillations and two uncoupled damped oscillator equations. The two gravitational degrees of freedom are represented by pairs of gravito-magnetic perturbations. In contrast with the Friedmann case one of them is coupled to the matter density perturbations, becoming decoupled only in the geometrical optics limit. In this approximation, the even and odd tensorial perturbations of the Weyl tensor evolve as gravitational waves on the anisotropic Kantowski-Sachs background, while the modes describing the shear and the matter density gradient are out of phase dephased by $π/2$ and share the same speed of sound.
Symmetry Relation Database and Its Application to Ferroelectric Materials Discovery
Creators: name: Zhu, Qiang
name: Kang, Byungkyun
name: Parrish, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ability to understand the atomistic mechanisms that occur in the solid phase transition is of crucial importance in materials research. To investigate the displacive phase transition at the atomic scale, we have implemented a numerical algorithm to automate the detection of the symmetry relations between any two candidate crystal structures. Using this algorithm, we systematically screen all possible polar-nonpolar structure pairs from the entire Materials Project database and establish a database of $\sim$4500 pairs that possess a close symmetry relation. These pairs can be connected through a continuous phase transition with small atomic displacements. From this database, we identify several new ferroelectric materials that have never been reported in the past. In addition to the screening of ferroelectric materials, the symmetry relation database may also be used for other areas, such as material structure prediction and new materials discovery.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Tracing the Galactic spiral structure with embedded clusters
Creators: name: Camargo, Denilso
name: Bonatto, Charles
name: Bica, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we investigate the properties of 18 embedded clusters (ECs). The sample includes 11 previously known clusters and we report the discovery of 7 ECs on WISE images, thus complementing our recent list of 437 new clusters. The main goal is to use such clusters to shed new light on the Galactic structure by tracing the spiral arms with cluster distances. Our results favour a four-armed spiral pattern tracing three arms, Sagitarius-Carina, Perseus, and the Outer arm. The Sagitarius-Carina spiral arm is probed in the borderline of the third and fourth quadrants at a distance from the Galactic centre of $d_1\sim6.4$ kpc adopting $R_{\odot}=7.2$ kpc, or $d_2\sim7.2$ kpc for $R_{\odot}=8.0$ kpc. Most ECs in our sample are located in the Perseus arm that is traced in the second and third quadrants and appear to be at Galactocentric distances in the range $d_1=9-10.5$ kpc or $d_2=9.8-11.3$ kpc. Dolidze 25, Bochum 2, and Camargo 445 are located in the Outer arm that extends along the second and third Galactic quadrants with a distance from the Galactic centre in the range of $d_1=12.5-14.5$ kpc or $d_2=13.5-15.5$ kpc. We find further evidence that in the Galaxy ECs are predominantly located within the thin disc and along spiral arms. They are excellent tools for tracing these Galactic features and therefore new searches for ECs can contribute to a better understanding of the Galactic structure. We also report an EC aggregate located in the Perseus arm.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures and 3 tables
ENIIGMA: A Python package for ice spectral decomposition of protostars
Creators: name: Monteiro Rocha, Will Robson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: astrochemistry
ices
infrared spectroscopy
protostars

description: In the cold regions of protostars, atoms and molecules in the gas phase can stick on dust grains and form theso-called ice mantle. Understanding the chemical composition of the mantle and its diversity from source to source requires a systematic comparison with laboratory-measured ice spectra. In fact, telescope observations analyzed in light of experimental data have allowed concluding that H2O[1,2] ice is the major component of the interstellar ices and also that molecules can be mixed in ices (e.g., CO:CH3OH[3]). Much more information about the composition, morphology and structure of interstellar and circumstellar ices will be obtained in the next decades with the James Webb Space Telescope and the ground-based Extremely Large Telescope. While a large variety of laboratory data is needed to interpret these observations, the question that remains is which data best fit the observations. Previous works[4,5] report high degeneracy in the fits of astronomical observations with ice spectra. In this context, we created the ENIIGMA fitting tool[6], which is a public Python package to search for the global minimum solution by combining laboratory-measured ice spectra. The code handles a large amount of laboratory-measured ice spectra and uses genetic modelling algorithms to fit astronomical data. The solutions are assessed using two-dimensional χ2 maps, recurrence plots and histogram analysis. This statistical analysis allows us to quantify the degeneracy of the solutions and to derive robust ice column densities. By using ENIIGMA, we have fitted the broad-band spectrum of the protostar Elias 29 between 2.5 and 20 μm. We have derived the ice column densities for the major ice components, and we have found evidence for the presence of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in the ices.
Generalized Interaction-Free Evolutions
Creators: name: Militello, Benedetto
name: Chruściński, Dariusz
name: Messina, Antonino
name: Należyty, Paweł
name: Napoli, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thorough analysis of the evolutions of bipartite systems characterized by the \lq effective absence\rq\, of interaction between the two subsystems is reported. First, the connection between the concepts underlying Interaction-Free Evolutions (IFE) and Decoherence-Free Subspaces (DFS) is explored, showing intricate relations between these concepts. Second, starting from this analysis and inspired by a generalization of DFS already known in the literature, we introduce the notion of generalized IFE (GIFE), also providing a useful characterization that allows to develop a general scheme for finding GIFE states.
Engaging Farmworkers to Build Disaster Resilience
Creators: name: Hyatt, Natalie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Migrant and seasonal farmworkers (MSFWs) face several barriers to positive health outcomes due to the nature of their work. In the event of a natural disaster, such as hurricanes or tornadoes, MSFWs are extremely vulnerable and risk devastating loss. Substandard housing, unstable employment, language barriers, isolation, fear of deportation, job loss and a disconnection with local disaster preparedness and response protocols all contribute to instability and insecurity during disasters. Natural disasters exacerbate this community’s unique burdens, leaving MSFWs more exposed to poor health outcomes. The broader community, including emergency response organizations, tend to overlook the needs of the MSFW community during the event of a natural disaster. Studies have shown involving MSFWs alongside the community organizations that support them, in the planning, response, and long-term recovery will build trust, empowerment, and yield better outcomes. The concept of ‘community resilience’ has been identified by disaster relief agencies and researchers as a strategy for communities to better prepare, respond, and recover from natural disasters. This paper describes an evaluation of methods for building community disaster resilience, and a proposed two-part program plan for MSFWs to develop strategies in community disaster resilience to be empowered to take action over their own health and safety.
An in-depth profiling of the human RNA editome
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: transcriptome
Monoisolate

description: RNA editing represents a critical post-transcriptional event that recodes hereditary information and modulates mammalian development. Dysregulation of the editing process alters transcriptome and proteome signatures and may contribute to human pathogenesis. Thorough characterization of this process, which is manifested in single nucleotide changes in the RNA transcripts, depends critically on a high-throughput and false-positives-aware approach. Through the combination of transcriptome resequencing at significant depth and stringent bioinformatics analysis, we report here an exact and comprehensive profiling of RNA editome by comparing the genome and transcriptome sequences from the same individual. We identified 32,550 RNA editing events in the expressed sequences of protein-coding and noncoding genes. A-to-I(G) changes predominated in this portfolio and attributes previously ascribed to ADAR-mediated editing was observed, thus validating our approach. Interestingly, comparison of our dataset with known sites revealed that only less than 10% of RNA editing sites was annotated previously, asserting a significant contribution of editing at the nucleotide level to transcript and individual variation. Furthermore, we identified thousands of non-A-to-G nucleotide changes in the transcriptome, which occurred at significantly higher-than-noise rate and were supported by Sanger sequencing. Cross-talk between RNA editing and other post-transcriptional regulatory processes was also evident in our study, further implicating RNA editing in enriching the transcriptome. Together, our large-scale study on one individual significantly expanded the repertoire of human RNA editome and substantiated its epigenetic role in shaping transcriptome landscape and inter-individual diversity.
Reconstruction of higher-order differential operators by their spectral data
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Natalia P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A55 34B09 34B05 34E05 46F10

description: This paper is concerned with inverse spectral problems for higher-order ($n > 2$) ordinary differential operators. We develop an approach to the reconstruction from the spectral data for a wide range of differential operators with either regular or distribution coefficients. Our approach is based on the reduction of an inverse problem to a linear equation in the Banach space of bounded infinite sequences. This equation is derived in a general form that can be applied to various classes of differential operators. The unique solvability of the linear main equation is also proved. By using the solution of the main equation, we derive reconstruction formulas for the differential expression coefficients in the form of series and prove the convergence of these series for several classes of operators. The results of this paper can be used for constructive solution of inverse spectral problems and for investigation of their solvability and stability.
Insights in Assessing Telepsychiatry in Rural North Carolina Emergency Departments
Creators: name: Garcia, Krystal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to assess beliefs on the effects of telepsychiatry on the process of care and outcomes for patients, whether current data are suited to assessing the North Carolina Statewide Telepsychiatry Program, and providing next steps for the program’s evaluation. MethodsThrough conversations with stakeholders, literature review and analysis of NC-STeP presentations, information was drawn to build a process flow diagram. The process flow diagram was used to create a framework for assessing the program in the future. Results The results show that while NC-STeP claims to have improved patient measures like length of stay and involuntary commitments, there is a gap in data to study the efficacy and cost savings of the program. ConclusionWith a refined process flow diagram and improved data, we can use simulation modeling techniques like queuing to understand the costs and benefits of NC-STeP. Telehealth interventions are only growing in the modern approach to urban-rural disparities, making assessment increasingly important.
Signature of a spin-up magnetar from multi-band afterglow rebrightening of GRB 100814A
Creators: name: Yu, Y. B.
name: Huang, Y. F.
name: Wu, X. F.
name: Xu, M.
name: Geng, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, more and more gamma-ray bursts with late rebrightenings in multi-band afterglows unveil the late-time activities of the central engines. GRB 100814A is a special one among the well-sampled events, with complex temporal and spectral evolution. The single power-law shallow decay index of the optical light curve observed by GROND between 640 s and 10 ks is $α_{\rm opt} = 0.57 \pm 0.02$, which apparently conflicts with the simple external shock model expectation. Especially, there is a remarkable rebrightening in the optical to near infrared bands at late time, challenging the external shock model with synchrotron emission coming from the interaction of the blast wave with the surrounding interstellar medium. In this paper, we invoke a magnetar with spin evolution to explain the complex multi-band afterglow emission of GRB 100814A. The initial shallow decay phase in optical bands and the plateau in X-ray can be explained as due to energy injection from a spin-down magnetar. At late time, with the falling of materials from the fall-back disk onto the central object of the burster, angular momentum of the accreted materials is transferred to the magnetar, which leads to a spin-up process. As a result, the magnetic dipole radiation luminosity will increase, resulting in the significant rebrightening of the optical afterglow. It is shown that the observed multi-band afterglow emission can be well reproduced by the model.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
An Application of the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™: New Bern, NC
Creators: name: Zito, Francesca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Communities create many plans across many domains, often completely independent of one another. Anywhere in this collection of plans, known as a community’s network of plans, a policy or action has the ability to impact the community’s vulnerability to hazards. However, research has shown that these various plans are not inherently integrated. In fact, they often contradict one another increasing vulnerability within different neighborhoods of a community rather than supporting resilience. This research builds on prior studies implementing the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard TM in assessing how the network of plans in New Bern, North Carolina enhances resilience or increases vulnerability across various districts, defined as census tracts, within the City. This study specifically focused on how policies might impact resilience to flooding, using the 100-year floodplain and historic Hurricane Florence inundation areas as hazard districts. Through a targeted content analysis of five New Bern plans using tools from the Scorecard and GIS Applications, this study found contradictions within the plan network, as some neighborhoods will benefit from increased resilience as a result of the plans’ policies and others will instead become more vulnerable. Additionally, the study found that the districts that were the most socially vulnerable correlated with those districts where vulnerability would likely increase.
Implementation of a randomness test to evaluate chaos-based cryptography
Creators: name: Larsen, Bruno Piazera
name: Machicao, Jeaneth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: chaos theory
cryptography
pseudo-randomness
logistic map
k-logistic map

description: Undegraduate poster related to PARSEC project presented at the 26º SIICUSP (2018) The main goal of this scientific initiation project is the implementation of a cryptosystem based on the k-logistic map PRNG [1]. To achieve such goal, the pseudo-randomness of the algorithm must be verified, which is being done in parallel to the crypto-system’s implementation. Thus, the goal of this work is to implement a randomness test sensitive enough to accurately measure the pseudo-random properties of the given chaotic system. [1] A randomness test based on the distribution of position for pre-specified pattern. S. Zhu. 2015 international Conference on Computer Science and Mechanical Automation. IEEE, 2015 [2] Improving the pseudo-randomness properties of chaotic maps using deep-zoom. J. Machicao, O.M. Bruno. Chaos: an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science, 27:053116, 2017.
description: Poster presented by Bruno Piazera Larsen during 26º Simpósio Internacional de Iniciação Científica e Tecnológica da USP (SIICUSP 2018)
Are the current guidelines on caffeine use in sport optimal for everyone? inter-individual variation in caffeine ergogenicity, and a move towards personalised sports nutrition
Creators: name: Pickering, Craig
name: Kiely, John
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321006
subject: Sport and exercise nutrition

description: Caffeine use is widespread in sport, with a strong evidence base demonstrating its ergogenic effect. Based on existing research, current guidelines recommend ingestion of 3–9 mg/kg approximately 60 min prior to exercise. However, the magnitude of performance enhancement following caffeine ingestion differs substantially between individuals, with the spectrum of responses ranging between highly ergogenic to ergolytic. These extensive inter-individual response distinctions are mediated by variation in individual genotype, environmental factors, and the legacy of prior experiences partially mediated via epigenetic mechanisms. Here, we briefly review the drivers of this inter-individual variation in caffeine response, focusing on the impact of common polymorphisms within two genes, CYP1A2 and ADORA2A. Contemporary evidence suggests current standardised guidelines are optimal for only a sub-set of the athlete population. Clearer understanding of the factors under-pinning inter-individual variation potentially facilitates a more nuanced, and individually and context-specific customisation of caffeine ingestion guidelines, specific to an individual’s biology, history, and competitive situation. Finally, we identify current knowledge deficits in this area, along with future associated research questions.
Making Political Solidarity: Kinship and Care among Dalit Feminist Activists
Creators: name: Hariharan, Anusha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis, I examine the everyday life and labors of Dalit feminist activists in Tamil Nadu, India. I demonstrate that ‘political solidarity’ among this community of activists is forged through idioms of consanguineal, affinal, as well as ‘fictive’ kinship. I argue that political solidarity is consolidated through practices of care, that often circulate as indebtedness. I illustrate how a movement for social justice is a site of social reproduction, intending to nurture further generations of Dalit activists. By situation this ethnographic research against the backdrop of neoliberalism in India, I show how the meaning of ‘activism’ has changed across generations of kin, resulting in what I call, ‘activist anxiety’. Ultimately, I contend that these anxieties circle back to how older generations of activists are cared for pointing to the infrastructure that both makes, and unmakes, a movement for social justice.
Thermodynamics of the low density excluded volume hadron gas
Creators: name: Redlich, Krzysztof
name: Zalewski, Kacper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider thermodynamics of the excluded volume particles at finite temperature and chemical potential, in the low density approximation. We assume Boltzmann statistics and study the influence of the excluded volume on an ideal gas thermodynamics at the same temperature, pressure and numbers of particles. We show, that considering the change of the free enthalpy due to the excluded volume, and using the Maxwell identities, one can derive relevant thermodynamic functions and parameters of multi-component gases. The derivation is quite general as particles may have different sizes and shapes which can also depend on their momenta. Besides it's simplicity and generality, our approach has the advantage of eliminating the transcendental equations occurring in earlier studies. A representative example of the excluded volume thermodynamics is the single-component gas of hard spheres. For this case, using the viral expansion, the validity limits of the low-density approximation are also discussed.
description: 7 pages, 4 figure
Seasonal diets of two rhinolophid bats, Rhinolophus nippon and Rhinolophus cornutus, in the Southern Japanese Alps
Creators: name: Takada, Hayato
name: Sato, Akiyoshi
name: Katsuta, Setsuko
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified

description: Knowledge of diets is important for understanding species ecology and the mechanism of coexistence of multiple closely related species. Two rhinolophid bats, the greater Japanese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus nippon) and the little Japanese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus cornutus), occur in Japan, but little is known about their diets and interspecific interactions regarding food resources. In this study, we examined the fecal contents of these two species in the Southern Japanese Alps by microscopic analysis over multiple seasons. R. cornutus, which have more skillful flight, consumed nonvolant insects (caterpillars and spiders), whereas R. nippon did not; this indicates that R. cornutus can glean prey better than R. nippon. The larger-bodied R. nippon more frequently consumed hard-bodied beetles, whereas the smaller-bodied R. cornutus more frequently consumed soft-bodied dipterans and neuropterans. Body size differences influenced flight ability and bite force, which resulted in food resource partitioning and enabled multispecies coexistence of these closely related bats. A R. nippon nursery colony consumed a wider variety of insects, such as beetles, moths, and dipterans, during the pregnancy and lactation periods; however, after lactation, they showed a beetle-dependent diet, and before hibernation they again consumed various food resources. A R. cornutus non-nursery colony frequently consumed dipterans and moths in spring; dipterans, moths, and neuropterans in autumn; and moths and neuropterans in winter. These seasonal changes in diet seemed to be related to food supply or reproductive status.
Robust and Lossless Fingerprinting of Deep Neural Networks via Pooled Membership Inference
Creators: name: Wu, Hanzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs) have already achieved great success in a lot of application areas and brought profound changes to our society. However, it also raises new security problems, among which how to protect the intellectual property (IP) of DNNs against infringement is one of the most important yet very challenging topics. To deal with this problem, recent studies focus on the IP protection of DNNs by applying digital watermarking, which embeds source information and/or authentication data into DNN models by tuning network parameters directly or indirectly. However, tuning network parameters inevitably distorts the DNN and therefore surely impairs the performance of the DNN model on its original task regardless of the degree of the performance degradation. It has motivated the authors in this paper to propose a novel technique called pooled membership inference (PMI) so as to protect the IP of the DNN models. The proposed PMI neither alters the network parameters of the given DNN model nor fine-tunes the DNN model with a sequence of carefully crafted trigger samples. Instead, it leaves the original DNN model unchanged, but can determine the ownership of the DNN model by inferring which mini-dataset among multiple mini-datasets was once used to train the target DNN model, which differs from previous arts and has remarkable potential in practice. Experiments also have demonstrated the superiority and applicability of this work.
description: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IdiF7M0AAAAJ&hl=en
Revisiting Neural Scaling Laws in Language and Vision
Creators: name: Alabdulmohsin, Ibrahim
name: Neyshabur, Behnam
name: Zhai, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The remarkable progress in deep learning in recent years is largely driven by improvements in scale, where bigger models are trained on larger datasets for longer schedules. To predict the benefit of scale empirically, we argue for a more rigorous methodology based on the extrapolation loss, instead of reporting the best-fitting (interpolating) parameters. We then present a recipe for estimating scaling law parameters reliably from learning curves. We demonstrate that it extrapolates more accurately than previous methods in a wide range of architecture families across several domains, including image classification, neural machine translation (NMT) and language modeling, in addition to tasks from the BIG-Bench evaluation benchmark. Finally, we release a benchmark dataset comprising of 90 evaluation tasks to facilitate research in this domain.
Setaria italica strain:zhanggu Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: genome sequencing
Monoisolate

description: Foxtail millet is an important monocot crop species with very strong drought-tolerant capability, C4 photosynthesis property, high yield potential, and many other genetic advantages. Therefore, it is of great interest for understanding its underlying genetics. The availability of the full genome sequnce will be a valuable resouce for the foxtail millet community.
Gordonia alkanivorans s104 Genome sequencing
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: genome sequencing
Monoisolate

description: A Gordonia alkanivorans strain S104 was isolated from marine sediment, which can grow using crude oil, diesel, long chain hydrocarbons, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources.
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Dark Matter Elastic Scattering Through Higgs Loops But Were Afraid to Ask
Creators: name: Berlin, Asher
name: Hooper, Dan
name: McDermott, Samuel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a complete list of simplified models in which Majorana dark matter particles annihilate at tree level to $hh$ or $hZ$ final states, and calculate the loop-induced elastic scattering cross section with nuclei in each case. Expressions for these annihilation and elastic scattering cross sections are provided, and can be easily applied to a variety of UV complete models. We identify several phenomenologically viable scenarios, including dark matter that annihilates through the $s$-channel exchange of a spin-zero mediator or through the $t$-channel exchange of a fermion. Although the elastic scattering cross sections predicted in this class of models are generally quite small, XENON1T and LZ should be sensitive to significant regions of this parameter space. Models in which the dark matter annihilates to $hh$ or $hZ$ can also generate a gamma-ray signal that is compatible with the excess observed from the Galactic Center.