cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sub-lethal but potentially devastating – The novel insecticide flupyradifurone impairs collective brood care in bumblebees
Creators: name: Fischer, Liliana Rebekka
name: Weidenmüller, Anja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Risk assessment
pesticides
Insect decline
collective thermoregulation

description: The worldwide decline in pollinating insects is alarming. One of the main anthropogenic drivers is the massive use of pesticides in agriculture. Risk assessment procedures test pesticides for mortality rates of well-fed, parasite-free individuals of a few non-target species. Sublethal and synergistic effects of co-occurring stressors are usually not addressed. Here, we present a simple, high-throughput bio-essay to assess such effects. Using brood thermoregulation in bumblebee microcolonies as readout, we investigate how this collective ability is affected by long-term feeding exposure to the herbicide glyphosate (5 mg/l), the insecticide flupyradifurone (0.4 mg/l) and the combination of both, when co-occurring with the natural stressor resource limitation compared. Documenting brood temperature and development in 53 microcolonies, we find no significant effect of glyphosate, while flupyradifurone significantly impaired the collective ability to maintain the necessary brood temperatures, resulting in prolonged developmental times and a decrease in colony growth by over fifty percent. This reduction in colony growth has the potential to significantly curtail reproductive chances of colonies in the field. Our findings highlight the potentially alarming consequences of flupyradifurone use in agriculture even at sub-lethal doses and underline the urgent need for improved risk assessment procedures.
Statistical earthquake focal mechanism forecasts
Creators: name: Kagan, Yan Y.
name: Jackson, David D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forecasts of the focal mechanisms of future earthquakes are important for seismic hazard estimates and Coulomb stress and other models of earthquake occurrence. Here we report on a high-resolution global forecast of earthquake rate density as a function of location, magnitude, and focal mechanism. In previous publications we reported forecasts of 0.5 degree spatial resolution, covering the latitude range magnitude, and focal mechanism. In previous publications we reported forecasts of 0.5 degree spatial resolution, covering the latitude range from -75 to +75 degrees, based on the Global Central Moment Tensor earthquake catalog. In the new forecasts we've improved the spatial resolution to 0.1 degree and the latitude range from pole to pole. Our focal mechanism estimates require distance-weighted combinations of observed focal mechanisms within 1000 km of each grid point. Simultaneously we calculate an average rotation angle between the forecasted mechanism and all the surrounding mechanisms, using the method of Kagan & Jackson proposed in 1994. This average angle reveals the level of tectonic complexity of a region and indicates the accuracy of the prediction. The procedure becomes problematical where longitude lines are not approximately parallel, and where earthquakes are so sparse that an adequate sample spans very large distances. North or south of 75 degrees, the azimuths of points 1000 km away may vary by about 35 degrees. We solved this problem by calculating focal mechanisms on a plane tangent to the earth's surface at each forecast point, correcting for the rotation of the longitude lines at the locations of earthquakes included in the averaging. The corrections are negligible between -30 and +30 degrees latitude, but outside that band uncorrected rotations can be significantly off.
description: 17 figures
Thermally activated in-plane magnetization rotation induced by spin torque
Creators: name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Toklikishvili, Z.
name: Sukhov, A.
name: Horley, P. P.
name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Vieira, V. R.
name: Trimper, S.
name: Berakdar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of thermal fluctuations on the spin dynamics of a thin permalloy film with a focus on the behavior of spin torque and find that the thermally assisted spin torque results in new aspects of the magnetization dynamics. In particular, we uncover the formation of a finite, spin torque-induced, in-plane magnetization component. The orientation of the in-plane magnetization vector depends on the temperature and the spin-torque coupling. We investigate and illustrate that the variation of the temperature leads to a thermally-induced rotation of the in-plane magnetization.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
CLINICAL FACTOR RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO CHANGES IN WARFARIN USERS WHO UNDERWENT HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT AT WARFARIN CLINIC OF PHRAMONGKUTKLAO HOSPITAL
Creators: name: Weerayuth Saelim
Publisher: name: Faculty of pharmacy, Silpakorn University
Year: 2020
Subjects: warfarin
factors
prosthetic valve
international normalized ratio (INR)

description: Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15, 2(July-December)2020, 73-79
Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Rational uses of Antibiotics and Steroid-Adulterated Health Products among the Elderly in Suratthani Province
Creators: name: Chorphaka Narkmit
Publisher: name: Faculty of pharmacy, Silpakorn University
Year: 2020
Subjects: leftover drugs
irrational use of antibiotics
steroid
risky health products
steroid adulteration

description: Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15, 2(July-December)2020, 81-94
Breaking mechanism from a vacuum point in the defocusing nonlinear Schroedinger equation
Creators: name: Moro, Antonio
name: Trillo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the wave breaking mechanism for the weakly dispersive defocusing nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation with a constant phase dark initial datum that contains a vacuum point at the origin. We prove by means of the exact solution to the initial value problem that, in the dispersionless limit, the vacuum point is preserved by the dynamics until breaking occurs at a finite critical time. In particular, both Riemann invariants experience a simultaneous breaking at the origin. Although the initial vacuum point is no longer preserved in the presence of a finite dispersion, the critical behaviour manifests itself through an abrupt transition occurring around the breaking time.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. E
OLaLa: Ontology Matching with Large Language Models
Creators: name: Hertling, Sven
name: Paulheim, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ontology (and more generally: Knowledge Graph) Matching is a challenging task where information in natural language is one of the most important signals to process. With the rise of Large Language Models, it is possible to incorporate this knowledge in a better way into the matching pipeline. A number of decisions still need to be taken, e.g., how to generate a prompt that is useful to the model, how information in the KG can be formulated in prompts, which Large Language Model to choose, how to provide existing correspondences to the model, how to generate candidates, etc. In this paper, we present a prototype that explores these questions by applying zero-shot and few-shot prompting with multiple open Large Language Models to different tasks of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI). We show that with only a handful of examples and a well-designed prompt, it is possible to achieve results that are en par with supervised matching systems which use a much larger portion of the ground truth.
description: Accepted at K-CAP 2023 conference
A New Approach to the Solution of Economic Dispatch Using Particle Swarm Optimization with Simulated Annealing
Creators: name: Karthikeyan, V.
name: Senthilkumar, S.
name: Vijayalakshmi, V. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A new approach to the solution of Economic Dispatch using Particle Swarm Optimization is presented. It is the progression of allocating production amongst the dedicated units such that the restriction forced are fulfilled and the power needs are reduced. More just, the soft computing method has received supplementary concentration and was used in a quantity of successful and sensible applications. Here, an attempt has been made to find out the minimum cost by using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm using the data of three generating units. In this work, data has been taken such as the loss coefficients with the max-min power limit and cost function. PSO and Simulated Annealing are functional to put out the least amount for dissimilar energy requirements. When the outputs are compared with the conventional method, PSO seems to give an improved result with enhanced convergence feature. All the methods are executed in MATLAB environment. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method were demonstrated by three generating units case study. Output gives hopeful results, signifying that the projected method of calculation is competent of economically formative advanced eminence solutions addressing economic dispatch problems.
description: 12 pages,3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1206.0915, arXiv:0910.4116, arXiv:1306.1454 by other authors
title: Das Elbeästuar
Creators: name: Boehlich, Marcus J.
name: Strotmann, Thomas
Publisher: name: Kuratorium für Forschung im Küsteningenieurwesen (Ed.), via Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau
Year: 2019

description: Die Küste 87 (2019)
description: The shape and the use of the river Elbe with respect to traffic and the ports, especially the Port of Ham-burg and its artificial connections (canals) is described. A short view is given on the Elbe’s geomorphological development and classification. The major aspects of this article are on the one hand the hydrological key parameters as fresh water discharge, tides, water levels, currents, salinity and suspended load (also their development over the years) and on the other hand the construction measures in the river for navigational purposes with their resolving problems with dredging large amounts of sediment.
description: Elbe, Ästuar, Gezeiten, Wasserstand, Gezeitenströmung, Oberwasserzufluß, Salzgehalt, Schwebstoff, Verkehr, Fahrwasservertiefung, Geomorphologie, Strombau, Eindeichung, Monitoring, Hafen Hamburg, Ausbaggern, Verklappen von Sediment
description: Elbe, estuary, tide, water level, tidal currents, river discharge, salinity, suspended matter, traffic, deepe-ning, fairway, geomorphology, construction measures, impoldering, monitoring, Port of Hamburg, dredging, dumping of sediment
description: Der Zustand und die Funktionen des Elbeästuars insbesondere als Verkehrsträger und als Anbindung des Hamburger Hafens an die weltweiten Containerverkehre sowie die wasserseitige Hinterlandanbindung werden dargestellt. Der Beitrag beinhaltet eine kurze Übersicht der geomorphologischen Entwicklung und Klassifikation der Elbe. Der Schwerpunkt liegt zum einen in der Dokumentation und der historischen Entwicklung der hydrologischen Parameter wie Oberwasserzufluss, Tidewasserstände, Strömungen, Salzgehalte sowie Schwebstofffrachten und zum anderen in der Benennung bedeutender Baumaßnahmen zur Anpassung der Wasserstraße an die wachsenden Schiffsgrößen einschließlich des damit verbundenen steigenden Aufwands der Fahrwasserunterhaltung und der Probleme im Umgang mit den zunehmenden Baggermengen.
The Population of Tiny Near-Earth Objects Observed by NEOWISE
Creators: name: Mainzer, A.
name: Bauer, J.
name: Grav, T.
name: Masiero, J.
name: Cutri, R. M.
name: Wright, E. L.
name: Nugent, C. R.
name: Stevenson, R.
name: Clyne, E.
name: Cukrov, G.
name: Masci, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Only a very small fraction of the asteroid population at size scales comparable to the object that exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia has been discovered to date, and physical properties are poorly characterized. We present previously unreported detections of 106 close approaching near-Earth objects (NEOs) by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer mission's NEOWISE project. These infrared observations constrain physical properties such as diameter and albedo for these objects, many of which are found to be smaller than 100 m. Because these objects are intrinsically faint, they were detected by WISE during very close approaches to the Earth, often at large apparent on-sky velocities. We observe a trend of increasing albedo with decreasing size, but as this sample of NEOs was discovered by visible light surveys, it is likely that selection biases against finding small, dark NEOs influence this finding.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Tabanus aurivittatus Ricardo 1913
Creators: name: Goodwin, James T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tabanidae
Tabanus
Tabanus aurivittatus

description: Tabanus aurivittatus Ricardo MOROBE PROVINCE: Mainland Holdings Crocodile Farm, '8' mile, Lae, 22 & 27 Dec 1996, J. T. Goodwin (FSCA); Aguazn (?), Lae, 2 Jan 1996, Tigare Silaual & Tom Dama (FRIL); Situm L.A., in flight, 23 Jan 1990, Tom Dama (FRIL). WESTERN PROVINCE: 5 km N of Tabubil, 22 Nov 1991, R. B. Lachlan (AMSA); SE slopes of Mt. Akrik, 15 km NW of Tabubil, 17 Oct 1993, R. B. Lachlan (AMSA); Tabubil (5 o 15' S, 141 o 13' E), W. Province, 14 Oct 1963, M. S. Mould & S. Cowan (AMSA); Matkomrae Village (5 o 49' S, 141 o 9' E), 60m, ca. 50 km N of Kiunga, M. S. Mould & S. Cowan (AMSA).
description: Published as part of Goodwin, James T., 2010, New species of Cydistomyia Taylor with notes and collection records for other Tabanidae (Diptera) from New Guinea, pp. 1-22 in Insecta Mundi 2010 (117) on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4531547
OPPORTUNITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHARMACY BUSINESS AFTER NOVEL CORONAVIRUS 2019 OUTBREAK
Creators: name: Wiwat Thavornwattanayong
Publisher: name: Faculty of pharmacy, Silpakorn University
Year: 2020
Subjects: pharmacy
development guideline
PESTEL

description: Thai Bulletin of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15, 2(July-December)2020, 95-107
PoetryLab An Open Source Toolkit for the Analysis of Spanish Poetry Corpora
Creators: name: De La Rosa, Javier
name: Pérez Pozo, Álvaro
name: Ros, Salvador
name: González-Blanco, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Digital Humanities, Natural Language Processing, Poetry

description: The transmission of text in poetic form is a quasi-universal aspect in the oral tradition of every culture. The study of the poetic features of text, especially their rhythmic structure when forming verses, pertains to the different traditions, whose scholars established the rules that might govern poetry. Within this context, the POSTDATA Project formalized a network of ontologies able to express any poetic expression and its analysis at the European level, enabling scholars all over Europe to interchange their data using Linked Open Data. However, varied research interests result in corpora that might not share the same facets of analysis. To alleviate this concern and foster the completeness of the interchanged corpora, our team set to build a software toolkit to assist in the analysis of poetry. This paper introduces PoetryLab, an extensible open-source toolkit for syllabification, scansion (extraction of stress patterns), enjambment detection (syntactical units split in two lines), rhyme detection, and historical named entity recognition for Spanish poetry. Our toolkit achieves the state of the art performance in the tasks for which reproducible alternatives exist.
Solar Activity and Transformer Failures in the Greek National Electric Grid
Creators: name: Zois, Ioannis P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 62, 65, 85, 86

description: We study both the short term and long term effects of solar activity on the large transformers (150kV and 400kV) of the Greek national electric grid. We use data analysis and various analytic and statistical methods and models. Contrary to the common belief in PPC Greece, we see that there are considerable both short term (immediate) and long term effects of solar activity onto large transformers in a mid-latitude country (latitude approx. 35 - 41 degrees North) like Greece. Our results can be summarized as follows: For the short term effects: During 1989-2010 there were 43 stormy days (namely days with for example Ap larger or equal to 100) and we had 19 failures occurring during a stormy day plus or minus 3 days and 51 failures occurring during a stormy day plus or minus 7 days. All these failures can be directly related to Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs). Explicit cases are presented. For the long term effects we have two main results: The annual transformer failure number for the period of study 1989-2010 follows the solar activity pattern (11 year periodicity, bell-shaped graph). Yet the maximum number of transformer failures occur 3-4 years after the maximum of solar activity. There is statistical correlation between solar activity expressed using various newly defined long term solar activity indices and the annual number of transformer failures. These new long term solar activity indices were defined using both local (from geomagnetic stations in Greece) and global (planetary averages) geomagnetic data. Applying both linear and non-linear statistical regression we compute the regression equations and the corresponding coefficients of determination.
description: 45 pages,a summary will be presented at the International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences, 1-5 September 2013, Prague, Czech Republic.Some preliminary results were presented during the 8th European Space Weather Week in Namur, Belgium, 2011. Another part was presented at the 9th European Space Weather Week at the Acad\'emie Royale de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium 2012
Die Gründung der deutschsprachigen evangelisch-lutherischen Kirchengemeinde in Port Elizabeth (Südafrika) und ihr erster Pastor
Creators: name: Linden, Carsten
Publisher: name: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt
Year: 1970

description: Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Bd. 60 (2013): Lutherische Kirche in der Welt, Band 60
Polar Codes for Arbitrary DMCs and Arbitrary MACs
Creators: name: Nasser, Rajai
name: Telatar, Emre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Polar codes are constructed for arbitrary channels by imposing an arbitrary quasigroup structure on the input alphabet. Just as with "usual" polar codes, the block error probability under successive cancellation decoding is $o(2^{-N^{1/2-ε}})$, where $N$ is the block length. Encoding and decoding for these codes can be implemented with a complexity of $O(N\log N)$. It is shown that the same technique can be used to construct polar codes for arbitrary multiple access channels (MAC) by using an appropriate Abelian group structure. Although the symmetric sum capacity is achieved by this coding scheme, some points in the symmetric capacity region may not be achieved. In the case where the channel is a combination of linear channels, we provide a necessary and sufficient condition characterizing the channels whose symmetric capacity region is preserved by the polarization process. We also provide a sufficient condition for having a maximal loss in the dominant face.
description: 32 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.1770
Nucleosynthesis in helium-enriched asymptotic giant branch models: Implications for Heavy Element Enrichment in Omega Centauri
Creators: name: Karakas, Amanda I.
name: Marino, Anna F.
name: Nataf, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of helium enrichment on the evolution and nucleosynthesis of low-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars of 1.7Msun and 2.36Msun with a metallicity of Z=0.0006 ([Fe/H] = -1.4). We calculate evolutionary sequences with the primordial helium abundance (Y = 0.24) and with helium-enriched compositions (Y = 0.30, 0.35, 0.40). For comparison we calculate models of the same mass but at a lower metallicity Z=0.0003 ([Fe/H] = -1.8) with Y=0.24. Post-processing nucleosynthesis calculations are performed on each of the evolutionary sequences to determine the production of elements from hydrogen through to bismuth. Elemental surface abundance predictions and stellar yields are presented for each model. The models with enriched helium have shorter main sequence and AGB lifetimes, and enter the AGB with a more massive hydrogen exhausted core than the primordial helium model. The main consequences are 1) low-mass AGB models with enhanced helium will evolve more than twice as fast, giving them the chance to contribute sooner to the chemical evolution of the forming globular clusters, and 2) the stellar yields will be strongly reduced relative to their primordial helium counterparts. An increase of Delta Y = 0.10 at a given mass decreases the yields of carbon by up to ~60%, of fluorine by up to 80%, and decreases the yields of the s-process elements barium and lanthanum by about 45%. While the yields of first s-process peak elements strontium, yttrium and zirconium decrease by up to 50%, the yields of rubidium either do not change or increase.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Effective Mass of Holographic Brownian Particle in Rotating Plasma
Creators: name: Atmaja, Ardian Nata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamic of string fluctuation under rotating BTZ black hole is studied using the method of \cite{Son:2009vu}. We compare the result with previous computation in \cite{Atmaja:2012jg}, with a different method, for the case of co-rotating string. The result gives definite answer that the end of string identified as an external quark at the boundary behaves as Brownian particle with mass is given an effective mass $M_{eff}$ equal to the zero temperature mass of external quark $M_0$ times Lorentz factor $γ$ to the power three. We also extend the computation for general case of rotating black hole where the metric is asymptotically $AdS_3$ and the fluctuation is taken only along the co-rotating motion. It shows that the effective mass of the external quark is in general given by $γ^3 M_0$.
description: 15 pages
Selbständiger Antrag des Abgeorneten Dham, die Mediatisierung der kleinern deutschen Staaten, resp. eine neue politische Eintheilung Deutschlands betreffend; [1848]
Creators: name: Dham, Carl Johann Ludwig
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Beilage Nro. 1 zum Protokoll der 120. öffentlichen Sitzung vom 21. November 1848
Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem along almost geodesics in negatively curved groups
Creators: name: Nevo, Amos
name: Pogorzelski, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider a non-elementary Gromov-hyperbolic group $Γ$ with a suitable invariant hyperbolic metric, and an ergodic probability measure preserving (p.m.p.) action on $(X,μ)$. We construct special increasing sequences of finite subsets $F_n(y)\subset Γ$, with $(Y,ν)$ a suitable probability space, with the following properties: given any countable partition $\mathcal{P}$ of $X$ of finite Shannon entropy, the refined partitions $\bigvee_{γ\in F_n(y)}γ\mathcal{P}$ have normalized information functions which converge to a constant limit, for $μ$-almost every $x\in X$ and $ν$-almost every $y\in Y$; the sets $\mathcal{F}_n(y)$ constitute almost-geodesic segments, and $\bigcup_{n\in \mathbb{N}} F_n(y)$ is a one-sided almost geodesic with limit point $F^+(y)\in \partial Γ$, starting at a fixed bounded distance from the identity, for almost every $y\in Y$; the distribution of the limit point $F^+(y)$ belongs to the Patterson-Sullivan measure class on $\partial Γ$ associated with the invariant hyperbolic metric. The main result of the present paper amounts therefore to a Shannon-McMillan-Breiman theorem along almost geodesic segments in any p.m.p. action of $Γ$ as above. For several important classes of examples we analyze, the construction of $F_n(y)$ is purely geometric and explicit. Furthermore, consider the infimum of the limits of the normalized information functions, taken over all $Γ$-generating partitions of $X$. Using an important inequality due to B. Seward, we deduce that it is equal to the Rokhlin entropy $\frak{h}^{\text{Rok}}$ of the $Γ$-action on $(X,μ)$, provided that the action is free.
description: final version published in Journal of Theoretical Probability; comments of the referee have been incorporated
Car accidents and risky driving behaviors among young drivers from the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Alhomoud, Mohsen
name: AlSaleh, Essa
name: Alzaher, Bushra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: In 2019, road traffic injuries were the second leading cause of death in Saudi Arabia, affecting people of all ages. While multiple factors contribute to crashes, studies highlight the role of risky driving in increasing the chances of car crashes occurring. This study examined the one-year frequency of car crashes and risky driving behaviors among young drivers of both sexes in the Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, as well as the possible related factors and predictors that contribute toward high car crash rates. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022 at AlAsala Colleges among young drivers aged 18 years and above. A total of 424 students were selected using stratified random sampling and answered an anonymous, self-administered, structured web-based questionnaire and the Arabic version of the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Results: Car crashes were reported by 26.4% of young male and 19.3% of young female drivers. Male drivers were more aggressive and exhibited more speeding-related behaviors than female drivers, regardless of slight sex differences in unsafe driving behavior. Driving experience, along with other driving characteristics and DBQ items, was found to be significantly associated with road crashes. Furthermore, the type of car, traffic violations, using a phone while driving via headphones, and a distraction-related factor, were all predictive of crash involvement. Conclusions: Young Saudi male drivers were slightly more likely to have car crashes and engage in risky driving practices than young female drivers. Various factors that are related with and predict crashes should be addressed by a collaborative multi-layered strategic plan, with interventions at several levels.
Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of the Quiescent Medium of Nearby Clouds: I. Ice Formation and Grain Growth in Lupus
Creators: name: Boogert, A. C. A.
name: Chiar, J. E.
name: Knez, C.
name: Öberg, K. I.
name: Mundy, L. G.
name: Pendleton, Y. J.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared photometry and spectroscopy (1-25 um) of background stars reddened by the Lupus molecular cloud complex are used to determine the properties of the grains and the composition of the ices before they are incorporated into circumstellar envelopes and disks. H2O ices form at extinctions of Ak=0.25+/-0.07 mag (Av=2.1+/-0.6). Such a low ice formation threshold is consistent with the absence of nearby hot stars. Overall, the Lupus clouds are in an early chemical phase. The abundance of H2O ice (2.3+/-0.1*10^-5 relative to Nh) is typical for quiescent regions, but lower by a factor of 3-4 compared to dense envelopes of YSOs. The low solid CH3OH abundance (<3-8% relative to H2O) indicates a low gas phase H/CO ratio, which is consistent with the observed incomplete CO freeze out. Furthermore it is found that the grains in Lupus experienced growth by coagulation. The mid-infrared (>5 um) continuum extinction relative to Ak increases as a function of Ak. Most Lupus lines of sight are well fitted with empirically derived extinction curves corresponding to Rv~ 3.5 (Ak=0.71) and Rv~5.0 (Ak=1.47). For lines of sight with Ak>1.0 mag, the tau9.7/Ak ratio is a factor of 2 lower compared to the diffuse medium. Below 1.0 mag, values scatter between the dense and diffuse medium ratios. The absence of a gradual transition between diffuse and dense medium-type dust indicates that local conditions matter in the process that sets the tau9.7/Ak ratio. This process is likely related to grain growth by coagulation, as traced by the A7.4/Ak continuum extinction ratio, but not to ice mantle formation. Conversely, grains acquire ice mantles before the process of coagulation starts.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJ on 29 August 2013
Belt fit for children in vehicle seats with and without belt-positioning boosters
Creators: name: West, Bethany A.
name: Reed, Matthew P.
name: Benedick, Amy
name: De Leonardis, Doreen
name: Huey, Rick
name: Sauber-Schatz, Erin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The purpose of the current study is to use 3D technology to measure in-vehicle belt fit both with and without booster seats across different vehicles among a large, diverse sample of children and to compare belt fit with and without a booster. Lap and shoulder belt fit were measured for 108 children ages 6–12 years sitting in the second-row, outboard seats of three vehicles from October 2017 to March 2018. Each child was measured with no booster, a backless booster, and a high-back (HB) booster in three different vehicles. Alternative high-back (HB HW) and backless boosters that could accommodate higher weights were used for children who were too large to fit in the standard boosters. Lap and torso belt scores were computed based on the belt location relative to skeletal landmarks. Both lap and torso belt fit scores were significantly different across vehicles when using the vehicle belt alone (no booster). In all vehicles, lap belt fit improved when using boosters compared with no booster among children ages 6–12 years in rear seats—with one exception of the HB HW booster in the minivan. Torso belt fit improved when using boosters compared with no booster in the sedan, and torso belt fit improved in the minivan and SUV with the use of HB and HB HW boosters when compared with no booster. Lap and torso belt fit for children ages 6–12 years in rear seats was substantially improved by using boosters. Parents and caregivers should continue to have their children use booster seats until vehicle seat belts fit properly which likely does not occur until children are 9–12 years old. Decision makers can consider strengthening child passenger restraint laws with booster seat provisions that require children who have outgrown car seats to use booster seats until at least age 9 to improve belt fit and reduce crash injuries and deaths.
Cosmology of Multi-Singlet-Scalar Extensions of the Standard Model
Creators: name: Drozd, Aleksandra
name: Grzadkowski, Bohdan
name: Wudka, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extension of the Standard Model by extra scalar singlets was considered. Theoretical (unitarity, vacuum stability, triviality) and cosmological (dark matter relic abundance, direct detection experiments, constraints on dark matter self-interaction) constraints were discussed.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, presented at the XXXV International Conference of Theoretical Physics, "Matter to the Deepest", Ustron, Poland, September 12-18, 2011
Emotions and Cultural Importance Predict the Acceptance of Large Carnivore Management Strategies by Maasai Pastoralists
Creators: name: Dheer, Arjun
name: Davidian, Eve
name: Jacobs, Maarten H.
name: Ndorosa, Julius
name: Straka, Tanja M.
name: Höner, Oliver P.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 577 Ökologie
subject: large carnivores
subject: emotions
subject: human dimensions
subject: livestock depredation
subject: human-wildlife conflict
subject: non-weird people
subject: culture
subject: pastoralism

description: Management strategies to reduce human-carnivore conflict are most effective when accepted by local communities. Previous studies have suggested that the acceptance depends on emotions toward carnivores, the cultural importance of carnivores, and livestock depredation, and that it may vary depending on the types of strategies and carnivores involved. However, no study so far considered these factors simultaneously to compare their influence on the acceptance of management strategies. We quantified the predictive potential of these factors on the acceptance of three management strategies frequently applied to mitigate human-carnivore conflict: no action, relocation, and lethal control. We interviewed 100 members of the Maasai community in Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania. We used structured, closed questionnaires and focused on the three large carnivores involved in the most depredation regionally: spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), lions (Panthera leo), and leopards (Panthera pardus). We found that the majority of respondents accepted no action and rejected relocation and lethal control for all three carnivores. The acceptance of the management strategies was strongly influenced by the emotion joy and by the cultural importance of carnivores, and the effects of joy and cultural importance were stronger than the effect of livestock depredation. We conclude that authorities should evaluate the emotions and cultural importance that local communities associate with carnivores when seeking to gain acceptance of management strategies and account for differences between species. Finally, we recommend that future human-carnivore coexistence studies should consider the socio-psychology of local communities and be done longitudinally to detect shifts in cultural, emotional, and ecological factors over time.
Pneumatic and Optical Characterization and Optimization of Hydrogen Injectors for Internal Combustion Engine Application
Creators: name: Rolke, Philipp
name: Broja, D.
name: Fink, Anja
name: Maaß, J.
name: Nett, Oliver
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: hydrogen
subject: ice
subject: gas injection
subject: rate of injection
subject: jet penetration

description: To achieve future emission targets for internal combustion engines, the use of hydrogen gas generated by renewable energy sources (known as “green” hydrogen) instead of fossil fuels plays a key role in the development of new combustion-based engine concepts. For new hydrogen engine generations, there are different challenges concerning the injector layout and functionality. Especially when talking about direct hydrogen injection, the key challenge is to ensure a proper mixing between hydrogen and the combustion air—the mixing of gas with a gas is not trivial as shown in this article. In terms of injector functionality, it must be ensured that the requested amount of hydrogen gas needs to be provided in time and, on the other hand, accurately metered to provide an appropriate mixing formation quality inside the combustion chamber. This contribution discusses deep injector analysis techniques with pneumatic and optical approaches for an improved overall understanding of functionality and effects caused by operation with a gaseous fuel. A metering technique for gas flow characterization and, for test simplification, a comparison of hydrogen with helium and nitrogen as possible surrogate gases indicate that helium and nitrogen can act as a substitute for hydrogen in functional testing. Furthermore, this contribution focuses on the usability of helium instead of hydrogen for the determination of spray properties. This is shown by the comparison of spray propagation images that were observed with the Schlieren technique in a pressure vessel proving comparable spray properties. In a next step, the usage of spray-guiding devices to improve the global gas distribution during the injection period is discussed. Here, it turns out that the volume increase does obviously not depend on the nozzle design. Thus, the advantage of multi-hole guiding-devices is based on its flexible gas-jet orientation.
Quasi-free photoproduction of pion-pairs off protons and neutrons
Creators: name: Oberle, M.
name: Krusche, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beam-helicity asymmetries and mass-differential cross sections have been measured at the MAMI accelerator in Mainz for the photoproduction of neutral and mixed-charge pion pairs in the reactions $\boldsymbolγp\rightarrow nπ^0π^+$ and $\boldsymbolγp\rightarrow pπ^0π^0$ off free protons and $\boldsymbolγd \rightarrow (p)pπ^0π^-$, $\boldsymbolγd\rightarrow (n)pπ^0π^0$ and $\boldsymbolγd\rightarrow (n)nπ^0π^+$, $\boldsymbolγd\rightarrow (p)n π^0π^0$ off quasi-free nucleons bound in the deuteron for incident photon energies up to 1.4 GeV. Circularly polarized photons were produced in bremsstrahlung processes of longitudinally polarized electrons and tagged with the Glasgow-Mainz magnetic spectrometer. The decay products (photons, protons, neutrons, and charged pions) were detected in the $4π$ electromagnetic calorimeter composed of the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. Using a full kinematic reconstruction of the final state, excellent agreement was found between the results for free and quasi-free protons, indicating that the quasi-free neutron results are also a close approximation of the free-neutron results. Comparisons of the results to predictions from model calculations suggest that especially the reaction mechanisms in the production of the mixed-charge final states are still not well understood, in particular at low incident photon energies in the second nucleon resonance region.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Physics of Excited Nucleons (NSTAR 2013). International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 2013
Presentation on epilepsy in the Dutch Partridge Dog 20170411
Creators: name: Beckers, Evy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: presentation
subject: Epilepsy
subject: Dog
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This is the powerpoint that was used to give a presentation to the VDP about the reserach project: epilepsy in the dutch partridge dog.
The Astrophysical Multipurpose Software Environment
Creators: name: Pelupessy, F. I.
name: van Elteren, A.
name: de Vries, N.
name: McMillan, S. L. W.
name: Drost, N.
name: Zwart, S. F. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the open source Astrophysical Multi-purpose Software Environment (AMUSE, www.amusecode.org), a component library for performing astrophysical simulations involving different physical domains and scales. It couples existing codes within a Python framework based on a communication layer using MPI. The interfaces are standardized for each domain and their implementation based on MPI guarantees that the whole framework is well-suited for distributed computation. It includes facilities for unit handling and data storage. Currently it includes codes for gravitational dynamics, stellar evolution, hydrodynamics and radiative transfer. Within each domain the interfaces to the codes are as similar as possible. We describe the design and implementation of AMUSE, as well as the main components and community codes currently supported and we discuss the code interactions facilitated by the framework. Additionally, we demonstrate how AMUSE can be used to resolve complex astrophysical problems by presenting example applications.
description: 23 pages, 25 figures, accepted for A&A
Impact of imperfect measurements on multi-party quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Xiang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The imperfection of measurements in real-world scenarios can compromise the performance of device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) protocols. In this paper, we focus on a specific DIQKD protocol that relies on the violation of the Svetlichny's inequality (SI), considering an eavesdropper utilizing the convex combination attack. Our analysis covers both the three-party DIQKD case and the general $n$-party scenario. Our main result is the relationship between the measurement accuracy and the extractable secret-key rate in all multi-party scenarios. The result demonstrates that as measurement accuracy improves, the extractable secret-key rate approaches $1$, reaching its maximum value when the measurement accuracy is perfect. We reveal that achieving positive extractable secret-key rates requires a threshold measurement accuracy that is consistently higher than the critical measurement accuracy necessary to violate the SI. We depict these thresholds for $n$-party scenarios ranging from $n=3$ to $n=10$, demonstrating that as the number of parties ($n$) increases, both thresholds exhibit a rapid and monotonic convergence towards unity. Furthermore, we consider a scenario involving a non-maximally entangled state with imperfect measurements, where the emission of the initial GHZ state undergoes noise during transmission, resulting in a Werner state. The study further quantifies and demonstrates the relationship between the extractable secret-key rate, the visibility of the Werner state, and the measurement accuracy, specifically emphasizing the three-party scenario. This study aims to illuminate the influence of imperfect measurement accuracy on the security and performance of multi-party DIQKD protocols. The results emphasize the importance of high measurement accuracy in achieving positive secret-key rates and maintaining the violation of the SI.
description: 5 figures
Thoughts on the usage of audible smiling in speech synthesis applications
Creators: name: Trouvain, Jürgen
name: Weiss, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: speech synthesis
subject: social signaling
subject: computational paralinguistics
subject: smiling
subject: trustworthiness

description: In this perspective paper we explore the question how audible smiling can be integrated in speech synthesis applications. In human-human communication, smiling can serve various functions, such as signaling politeness or as a marker of trustworthiness and other aspects that raise and maintain the social likeability of a speaker. However, in human-machine communication, audible smiling is nearly unexplored, but could be an advantage in different applications such as dialog systems. The rather limited knowledge of the details of audible smiling and their exploitation for speech synthesis applications is a great challenge. This is also true for modeling smiling in spoken dialogs and testing it with users. Thus, this paper argues to fill the research gaps in identifying factors that constitute and affect audible smiling in order to incorporate it in speech synthesis applications. The major claim is to focus on the dynamics of audible smiling on various levels.
Efficiently Detecting Performance Changes in FaaS Application Releases
Creators: name: Grambow, Martin
name: Dockenfuß, Tim
name: Schirmer, Trever
name: Japke, Nils
name: Bermbach, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The source code of Function as a Service (FaaS) applications is constantly being refined. To detect if a source code change introduces a significant performance regression, the traditional benchmarking approach evaluates both the old and new function version separately using numerous artificial requests. In this paper, we describe a wrapper approach that enables the Randomized Multiple Interleaved Trials (RMIT) benchmark execution methodology in FaaS environments and use bootstrapping percentile intervals to derive more accurate confidence intervals of detected performance changes. We evaluate our approach using two public FaaS providers, an artificial performance issue, and several benchmark configuration parameters. We conclude that RMIT can shrink the width of confidence intervals in the results from 10.65% using the traditional approach to 0.37% using RMIT and thus enables a more fine-grained performance change detection.
description: Accepted for publication in 9th International Workshop on Serverless Computing (WoSC '23), ACM 2023
Charmonia and Bottomonia in a Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Alford, Jeremy
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of a static homogeneous external magnetic field on charmonium and bottomonium states. In an external magnetic field, quarkonium states do not have a conserved center-of-mass momentum. Instead there is a new conserved quantity called the pseudomomentum which takes into account the Lorentz force on the particles in the system. When written in terms of the pseudomomentum, the internal and center-of-mass motions do not decouple and, as a result, the properties of quarkonia depend on the states' center-of-mass momentum. We analyze the behavior of heavy particle-antiparticle pairs subject to an external magnetic field assuming a three dimensional harmonic potential and Cornell potential plus spin-spin interaction. In the case of the Cornell potential, we also take into account the mixing of the eta_c and J/psi states and eta_b and Upsilon states due to the background magnetic field. We then numerically calculate the dependence of the masses and mixing fractions on the magnitude of the background magnetic field and center-of-mass momentum of the state.
description: 40 pages, 6 figures