cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Separation of soil macropore types in three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography images based on pore geometry characteristics
Creators: name: Leue, Martin
name: Uteau-Puschmann, Daniel
name: Peth, Stephan
name: Nellesen, Jens
name: Kodešová, Radka
name: Gerke, Horst H.
Publisher: name: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer programming
subject: Computerized tomography
subject: Groundwater flow
subject: Physicochemical properties
subject: Soils
subject: Surface roughness
subject: Morphological properties
subject: Preferential flows
subject: Software frameworks
subject: Spatial resolution
subject: Structuring element
subject: Three-dimensional (3D) image
subject: Voxel-based approaches
subject: X-ray computed tomography
subject: coating
subject: data processing
subject: geometry
subject: image analysis
subject: macropore
subject: physicochemical property
subject: preferential flow
subject: separation
subject: soil property
subject: sorption
subject: spatial resolution
subject: three-dimensional modeling
subject: tomography
subject: X-ray analysis
subject: X rays
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::624 | Ingenieurbau und Umwelttechnik

description: In structured soils, earthworm burrows, root channels, shrinkage cracks, and interaggregate spaces form complex macropore networks. Depending on the type and morphological properties, each macropore surface type is coated with specific organo-mineral compounds, differently affecting sorption and mass exchange during preferential flow and turnover processes. For a quantitative, macropore type-specific analysis using X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) with subsequent three-dimensional (3D) image analysis, a discrimination of biopores from cracks and interaggregate spaces is necessary. We developed a method that allows separating biopores from other larger macropores in 3D images from XRCT of intact soil cores. An image-processing workflow using the MAVI (Modular Algorithms for Volume Images) software framework ToolIP (Tool for Image Processing) was created to handle XRCT 3D images. Masking steps enabled to retain the surface roughness in the resulting two images of separated biopores and cracks. As a key point, the sizes of the structuring elements used in the spherical opening and dilation were objectively determined. For this purpose, maximum differences in the pore shapes between the 3D images of cylindrical biopores vs. more flat cracks and unregularly interaggregate spaces were focused. At the given resolution of 231-mm voxel edge length, an optimum size of 2.5 voxels was found for both processing steps. The voxel-based approach is applicable to XRCT 3D images of different spatial resolution and appears useful for the quantification of physicochemical surface properties of different macropore types for soil volumes, enabling a more precise description of preferential flow and transport.
Classifying Positive Results in Clinical Psychology Using Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Schiekiera, Louis
name: Diederichs, Jonathan
name: Niemeyer, Helen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: metascience
subject: positive results
subject: negative results
subject: machine learning
subject: natural language processing
subject: text classification
subject: SciBERT
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: This study addresses the gap in machine learning tools for positive results classification by evaluating the performance of SciBERT, a transformer model pretrained on scientific text, and random forest in clinical psychology abstracts. Over 1,900 abstracts were annotated into two categories: positive results only and mixed or negative results . Model performance was evaluated on three benchmarks. The best-performing model was utilized to analyze trends in over 20,000 psychotherapy study abstracts. SciBERT outperformed all benchmarks and random forest in in-domain and out-of-domain data. The trend analysis revealed nonsignificant effects of publication year on positive results for 1990–2005, but a significant decrease in positive results between 2005 and 2022. When examining the entire time span, significant positive linear and negative quadratic effects were observed. Machine learning could support future efforts to understand patterns of positive results in large data sets. The fine-tuned SciBERT model was deployed for public use.
LED-light-driven over ZnO/biochar nanocomposite for activation of peroxymonosulfate to enhanced photocatalytic removal of methyl orange dye in aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Saraee, Hadis
name: Noorimotlagh, Zahra
name: Mansouri, Mohsen
name: Mirzaee, Seyyed Abbas
name: Martinez, Susana Silva
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Organic dyes are stable and persistent toxic compounds in the aquatic environment that are refractory to decompose by removal methods such as physico-chemical, optical and biological. Their presence in the aquatic media threatens human and wildlife. Herein, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) due to good chemical durability, low cost and good photocatalytic performance was anchored on biochar (ZnO@biochar) nanocomposites were synthesized towards activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) dye. Several methods were used to characterization of the nanocomposites including FESEM, XRD, PL, EDS, FT-IR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results of the techniques demonstrated that the well-dispersed ZnO NPs were loaded onto the biochar surface. According to the particle size distribution graph, the average particle size of 64 nm was obtained for the ZnO NPs. BET analyzes showed that pore volume, the specific surface area (SSA) and average pore size of the synthesized nanocomposite increased. The survey of effective operational parameters indicated that the highest photocatalytic activity for MO removal was in the pH 3 of solution, 5 ppm initial dye concentration, 30 mg ZnO/biochar nanocomposite, and 20 mg PMS dose under LED-50W lamp irradiation (97.03% in the reaction time of 80 min). During the process, the reduction of the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed. Moreover, the MO degradation kinetics under optimal operating conditions were determined. It is concluded that the ZnO@biochar nanocomposite/PMS process was an efficient degradation method for the decomposition of the dye pollutant.
Millimetre scale aeration of the rhizosphere and drilosphere
Creators: name: Uteau, Daniel
name: Horn, Rainer
name: Peth, Stephan
Publisher: name: Oxford [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: biopore
subject: earthworm hole
subject: pore connectivity
subject: root path
subject: X-ray CT
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Soil aeration is a critical factor for oxygen-limited subsoil processes, as transport by diffusion and advection is restricted by the long distance to the free atmosphere. Oxygen transport into the soil matrix is highly dependent on its connectivity to larger pore channels like earthworm and root colonised biopores. Here we hypothesize that the soil matrix around biopores represents different connectivity depending on biopore genesis and actual coloniser. We analysed the soil pore system of undisturbed soil core samples around biopores generated or colonised by roots and earthworms and compared them with the pore system of soil, not in the immediacy of a biopore. Oxygen partial pressure profiles and gas relative diffusion was measured in the rhizosphere and drilosphere from the biopore wall into the bulk soil with microelectrodes. The measurements were linked with structural features such as porosity and connectivity obtained from X-ray tomography and image analysis. Aeration was enhanced in the soil matrix surrounding biopores in comparison to the bulk soil, shown by higher oxygen concentrations and higher relative diffusion coefficients. Biopores colonised by roots presented more connected lateral pores than earthworm colonised ones, which resulted in enhanced aeration of the rhizosphere compared to the drilosphere. This has influenced biotic processes (microbial turnover/mineralization or root respiration) at biopore interfaces and highlights the importance of microstructural features for soil processes and their dependency on the biopore's coloniser.
Laborheft, erstellt im Rahmen der Forschungen für die Doktorarbeit an der Universität Genf.
Notizheft, geführt von Fritz Schenker
Creators: name: Schenker, Fritz
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1925

description: Notizheft, beschriftet mit Thèse, II. Heft, datiert mit 30.6.1925, geführt im Hinblick auf das Doktorat an der Universität Genf.
Text mit Figuren
title: Identification of potential forest wildfire risk in Angeles National Forest by random forest and logistic regression
Creators: name: Li, Haoran
Publisher: name: Electronic version published by Vancouver Island University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Angeles National Forest (Calif.)
subject: Wildfire forecasting--California
subject: Regression analysis

description: Frequent wildfires have a growing negative impact on Los Angeles. Understanding the driving factors of wildfire disasters positively impacts predicting and preventing potential wildfire risk. From June to September every year, wildfire disasters frequently occur in the United States. Each wildfire event is associated with human or climatic factors. This paper compares the wildfire prediction ability of two different methods: Logistic Regression (LR) and Random Forest (RF), to determine the main structural factors that explain the possibility of fire in Los Angeles National Forest Park. Natural environmental factors and human social activities are considered essential predictors of fire. The prime natural drivers are natural resource location, climatic conditions, and topographic factors. With the rapid development of society, human activity has become an essential driving factor of wildfire. All samples were randomly divided into training samples, test samples, and validation sets. The results show that the RF model in the machine learning method is more scientific and effective in wildfire risk prediction. The RF model (area under the curve is 89%) provides higher prediction accuracy than the LR model (area under the curve is 81%) and ranks the importance of the factors. The results of the RF model show the spatial distribution of the high-risk regions for wildfire, which allows for a more efficient allocation of fire resources in the park.
Development of a domain-specific ontology to support research data management for the tailored forming technology
Creators: name: Sheveleva, Tatyana
name: Koepler, Oliver
name: Mozgova, Iryna
name: Lachmayer, Roland
name: Auer, Sören
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digitisation of Scientific Data
subject: FAIR Data Principles
subject: Manufacturing Process Chains
subject: Ontology Development
subject: Research Data Management
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: The global trend towards the comprehensive digitisation of technologies in product manufacturing is leading to radical changes in engineering processes and requires a new extended understanding of data handling. The amounts of data to be considered are becoming larger and more complex. Data can originate from process simulations, machines used or subsequent analyses, which together with the resulting components serve as a complete and reproducible description of the process. Within the Collaborative Research Centre”Process Chain for Manufacturing of Hybrid High Performance Components by Tailored Forming”, interdisciplinary work is being carried out on the development of process chains for the production of hybrid components. The management of the generated data and descriptive metadata, the support of the process steps and preliminary and subsequent data analysis are fundamental challenges. The objective is a continuous, standardised data management according to the FAIR Data Principles so that process-specific data and parameters can be transferred together with the components or samples to subsequent processes, individual process designs can take place and processes of machine learning can be accelerated. A central element is the collaborative development of a domain-specific ontology for a semantic description of data and processes of the entire process chain.
Aufzeichnungen für Versuche mit chemischen Substanzen, auf einem ersten Blatt bezeichnet mit "Treadwell Quant."
Notizen, vermutlich aus einem chemischen Praktikum mit quantitativen Analysen, geführt von Fritz Schenker
Creators: name: Schenker, Fritz
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1923

description: Lose Notizen, während des fünften Semesters (Winter 1923) notiert, vermutlich einzelne, in sich abgeschlossene Themen.
Vermutlich aus einem chemischen Praktikum bei William Dupré Treadwell.
Text mit Figuren
Recherches sur quelques dérivés du propylène.
Druckfahne zur Dissertation, verfasst von Fritz Schenker
Creators: name: Schenker, Fritz
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1925

description: Druckfahne der Dissertation an der Universität Genf, mit handschriftlichen Korrekturen, bearbeitet im Hinblick auf das Doktorat an der Universität Genf.
Einzelne Blätter der Thèse Nr. 786, datiert 1925.
Text mit Tabellen
Robust change detection for large-scale data streams
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruizhi
name: Mei, Yajun
name: Shi, Jianjun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Robust change point detection for large-scale data streams has many real-world applications in industrial quality control, signal detection, and biosurveillance. Unfortunately, it is highly nontrivial to develop efficient schemes due to three challenges: (1) the unknown sparse subset of affected data streams, (2) the unexpected outliers, and (3) computational scalability for real-time monitoring and detection. In this article, we develop a family of efficient real-time robust detection schemes for monitoring large-scale independent data streams. For each data stream, we propose to construct a new local robust detection statistic called the Lα-CUSUM (cumulative sum) statistic that can reduce the effect of outliers by using the Box-Cox transformation of the likelihood function. Then the global scheme will raise an alarm based upon the sum of the shrinkage transformation of these local Lα-CUSUM statistics to filter out unaffected data streams. In addition, we propose a new concept called false alarm breakdown point to measure the robustness of online monitoring schemes and propose a worst-case detection efficiency score to measure the detection efficiency when the data contain outliers. We then characterize the breakdown point and the efficiency score of our proposed schemes. Asymptotic analysis and numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the robustness and efficiency of our proposed schemes.
As(Ⅴ) adsorption by FeOOH@coal gangue composite from aqueous solution: Performance and mechanisms
Creators: name: Chen, Min
name: Sun, Yuan
name: Niu, Jingwei
name: Zhou, Hai
name: Zhou, Yuzhi
name: Chen, Xiaoyang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Arsenic (As) pollution in water poses a significant threat to the ecological environment and human health. Meanwhile, the resource utilization of coal gangue is of utmost importance in ecologically sustainable development. Thus, the FeOOH@coal gangue composite (FeOOH@CG) was synthesized for As(Ⅴ) adsorption in this study. The results showed that α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH and Schwertmannite loaded on the surface of FeOOH@CG. Moreover, the adsorption behavior of As(V) by FeOOH@CG was investigated under different reaction conditions, such as pH, contact time, initial concentration and co-existing anions. The optimum adsorption conditions were as follows: initial As(V) concentration of 60  mg/L, pH of 3.0 and adsorption time of 180-240  h. The adsorption capacity of FeOOH@CG for As(Ⅴ) was pH-dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was 185.94  mg/g. The presence of anions (H2PO4-, HCO3- and Cl-) decreased the adsorption efficiency of FeOOH@CG for As(Ⅴ). The adsorption process of FeOOH@CG for As(Ⅴ) could be well-described by the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption process mainly depended on chemical adsorption. The thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. In addition, according to the analyses of XRD, FTIR and XPS, the dominant mechanisms of As(Ⅴ) adsorption by FeOOH@CG were electrostatic attraction, complexation and precipitation. In conclusion, FeOOH@CG has great potential as an efﬁcient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for As(Ⅴ) adsorption from aqueous solution.
In Situ X-Ray Tomography Imaging of Soil Water and Cyanobacteria From Biological Soil Crusts Undergoing Desiccation
Creators: name: Couradeau, Estelle
name: Felde, Vincent J. M. N. L.
name: Parkinson, Dilworth
name: Uteau, Daniel
name: Rochet, Alexis
name: Cuellar, Charlene
name: Winegar, Geoffrey
name: Peth, Stephan
name: Northen, Trent R.
name: Garcia-Pichel, Ferran
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: biocrust
subject: cyanobacteria
subject: desiccation experiment
subject: EPS
subject: Microcoleussp
subject: Synchrotron X-ray microtomography
subject: water dynamics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are millimeter-sized microbial communities developing on the topsoils of arid lands that cover some 12% of Earth's continental area. Biocrusts consist of an assemblage of mineral soil particles consolidated into a crust by microbial organic polymeric substances that are mainly produced by filamentous bundle-forming cyanobacteria, among which Microcoleus vaginatus is perhaps the most widespread. This cyanobacterium is the primary producer for, and main architect of biocrusts in many arid soils, sustaining the development of a diverse microbial community. Biocrusts are only active when wet, and spend most of their time in a state of desiccated quiescence, from which they can quickly recover upon wetting. Despite their ecological importance for arid ecosystems, little is known about the mechanisms that allow biocrust organisms to endure long periods of dryness while remaining viable for rapid resuscitation upon wetting. We had previously observed the persistence of significant rates of light-dependent carbon fixation in apparently dry biocrusts dominated by M. vaginatus, indicating that it may be able to remain hydrated against a background soil of very low water potential. One potential explanation for this may be that the abundant exopolysaccharide sheaths of M. vaginatus can preferentially retain moisture thus slowing the water equilibration with the surrounding soil allowing for extended activity periods. In order to test this hypothesis we aimed to develop methodologies to visualize and quantify the water dynamics within an undisturbed biocrust undergoing desiccation. We used synchrotron based X-ray microtomography and were able to resolve the distribution of air, liquid water, mineral particles and cyanobacterial bundles at the microscale. We could demonstrate the formation of steep, decreasing gradients of water content from the cyanobacterial bundle surface outward, while the bundle volume remained stable, as the local bulk water content decreased linearly, hence demonstrating a preferential retention of water in the microbes. Our data also suggest a transfer of hydration water from the EPS sheath material into the cyanobacterial filament as desiccation progresses. This work demonstrates the value of X-ray tomography as a tool to study microbe-scale water redistribution in biocrusts.
Nitrogen retention and emissions during membrane-covered aerobic composting for kitchen waste disposal
Creators: name: Li, Fei
name: Yuan, Qingbin
name: Li, Meng
name: Zhou, Jun
name: Gao, Haofeng
name: Hu, Nan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The composting performance and nitrogen transformation during membrane-covered aerobic composting of kitchen waste were investigated. The aerobic composting products of the kitchen waste had a high seed germination index of ∼180%. The application of the membrane increased the mean temperature in the early cooling stage of composting by 4.5℃, resulted in a lower moisture content, and reduced the emissions of NH3 and N2O by 48.5% and 44.1%, respectively, thereby retaining 7.9% more nitrogen in the compost. The adsorption of the condensed water layer under inner-membrane was the reason for reducing NH3 emissions, and finite element modeling revealed that the condensed water layer was present throughout the composting process with a maximum thickness of ∼2 mm in the thermophilic stage. The reduction of N2O emissions was related to the micro-positive pressure in the reactor, which promoted the distribution of oxygen, thus weakening denitrification. In addition, the membrane cover decreased the diversity of the bacterial community and increased the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing strains. This study confirmed that membrane-covered composting was suitable for kitchen waste management and could be used as a strategy to mitigate NH3 and N2O emissions.
title: Everyday humanitarianism during the 2019/2020 Australian bushfire crisis
Creators: name: Wilson, Samuel
name: Sivasubramaniam, Diane
name: Farmer, Jane
name: Aryani, Amir
name: De Cotta, Tracy
name: Kampstra, Peter
name: Adler, Viktoria
name: Knox, Jasmine
Publisher: name: Social Innovation Research Institute
Year: 2020

description: In response to the 2019-2020 bushfire crisis, Australians engaged in an astounding level of charitable giving and volunteering in order to help communities and wildlife affected by the devastating bushfires. Although humanitarian, wildlife and emergency service organisations, as well as Celeste Barber’s well-publicised crowdfunding campaign and donations from prominent celebrities and philanthropists, featured prominently in media reports of the humanitarian response to the bushfire crisis, the response to the bushfire crisis went well beyond these widely reported actions and events. While it is true that established organisations played a critical role in the emergency response to the bushfire crisis, and will be instrumental in recovery and rebuilding efforts, it was also apparent that Australians bypassed charitable organisations and organised their own hyper-local, agile humanitarian responses to the crisis using the knowledge, skills and resources they had to hand. Most of these activities and initiatives were invisible to people outside the communities in which these responses were enacted. Moreover, many of these initiatives flashed into and out existence, disappearing from view once they served their purpose. It is a social and research priority to develop an understanding of these community-led initiatives so as to expand our awareness of the forms of hyperlocal voluntary humanitarian behaviour in times of humanitarian crisis. It is the purpose of this project to document and make sense of these initiatives.
Chelopistes texanus Emerson 1960
Creators: name: Sánchez-Montes, Sokani
name: Colunga-Salas, Pablo
name: Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía
name: Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen
name: Montiel-Parra, Griselda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Psocodea
Philopteridae
Chelopistes
Chelopistes texanus

description: Chelopistes texanus Emerson, 1960
Chelopistes texanus Emerson, 1960b: 195, figs 1–3.
Tamaulipas: Ortalis vetula mccalli, Zamorina, 10 May 1949, W.B. Heed; Wibank Rio, 18 Feb. 1949, W.B. Heed (Emerson 1960b).
Veracruz: Ortalis vetula mccalli, Río Atoyae, 12 Apr. 1947, E.P. Edwards (Emerson 1960b). Yucatán: Ortalis vetula vetula, no date (Emerson 1960b).
No State: Ortalis vetula, no data (Johnson et al. 2001; Johnson et al. 2002c). Type: Holotype male deposited in USNM.
Genbank Accesion Numbers: AF348857.1
description: Published as part of Sánchez-Montes, Sokani, Colunga-Salas, Pablo, Álvarez-Castillo, Lucía, Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen & Montiel-Parra, Griselda, 2018, Chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) associated with vertebrates in Mexico, pp. 1-109 in Zootaxa 4372 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4372.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3098143
Investigation of Time Dependent Development of Soil Structure and Formation of Macropore Networks as Affected by Various Precrop Species
Creators: name: Pagenkemper, Sebastian K.
name: Puschmann, Daniel Uteau
name: Peth, Stephan
name: Horn, Rainer
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Batch processing
subject: Biological tillage
subject: Dynamic development
subject: Image analysis
subject: Subsoil structure
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: A well developed macropore network is advantageous in terms of transport processes regarding gas and water, as well as nutrient acquisition and root growth of crops. X-ray computed tomography provides a non-destructive method to visualize and quantify three-dimensional pore networks. Geometrical and morphological parameters of the complex pore system such as connectivity, tortuosity, porosity and pore surface area would be very useful for modeling and simulation of transport and exchange processes by providing quantitative data on relevant soil structural features and their modification by soil management. The scope of this study was to analyze and quantify the development of soil structure in the subsoil depending on three different precrop species (alfalfa A, chicory C and fescue F), at three depths (45, 60 and 75 cm) and cultivation periods (1, 2 and 3 years). Furthermore, morphological (air-filled porosity θa, pore surface area) and geometrical (pore diameter, connectivity, continuity, tortuosity τ) parameters were gathered with X-ray CT and image analysis. From an experimental field trial (Germany) with a Haplic Luvisol as soil type samples were taken and investigated. Air-capacity (θa) was measured in the laboratory for the same cylinders and compared to the results derived by image analysis. Air-capacity was highest for alfalfa (3 years, 75 cm). Tortuosity (τ) ranged between 1.3 and 4.38, while alfalfa (3 years) showed the highest value, which indicated structural development due to crack formation by enhanced root water uptake. Thus, an increase in accessible surface may improve water and nutrient supply for plants, whereas the high τ values may assume that oxygen supply is limited. It was found that the interaction of gas-diffusivity and the calculated parameters should be further investigated in terms of limitations to plant growth.
Predicting phosphorus accumulation and proposing conditions needed for an algal-based phosphorus uptake process
Creators: name: Brown, Nicola
name: Sells, Matthew
name: Jayamaha, Nihal
name: Shilton, Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Algal-based waste stabilisation ponds (WSP) are a common wastewater treatment system for small communities but have poor phosphorus removal. Under certain conditions algae in WSPs will perform ‘luxury uptake’ increasing their phosphorus content to over 3% (gP/gSS) by storing polyphosphate. For the first time in the literature this paper presents a systematic study which determines the conditions needed to maximise phosphorus accumulation within WSP biomass taking into account the interactions between key variables. The key variables of temperature, phosphorus concentration, light intensity, mixing intensity, organic load, and pH were evaluated in 40 batch factorial experiments using a WSP algal culture. All six variables examined had significant main effects or interactions on the phosphorus content of the biomass. These were incorporated into a regression equation which was successfully validated against independent data sets from the literature. The conditions required to maximise the phosphorus content of the biomass were predicted for both summer (high light and high temperature) and winter (low light and low temperature) scenarios. The required conditions were revealed to be high phosphorus concentration, high mixing intensity, no supplementary CO2 addition, and low organic load. Interestingly, these conditions were consistent for both summer and winter suggesting that year-round treatment is possible. Practical methods of achieving these conditions were proposed. While further work will be needed to evaluate the effect of growth and potential influence of algal species, the findings presented provide a vital step towards developing a new phosphorus removal treatment process based on an enhanced understanding of environmental biotechnology.
Traditional Machine Learning Models and Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformer (BERT)-Based Automatic Classification of Tweets About Eating Disorders: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Creators: name: Benítez-Andrades, José Alberto
name: Alija-Pérez, José-Manuel
name: Vidal, Maria-Esther
name: Pastor-Vargas, Rafael
name: García-Ordás, María Teresa
Publisher: name: Toronto : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar]
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: BERT
subject: bidirectional encoder representations from transformer
subject: classification
subject: data
subject: deep learning
subject: diet
subject: disorder
subject: eating disorder
subject: machine learning
subject: mental health
subject: model
subject: natural language processing
subject: NLP
subject: nutrition
subject: performance
subject: social media
subject: Twitter
subject: weight
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: Background: Eating disorders affect an increasing number of people. Social networks provide information that can help. Objective: We aimed to find machine learning models capable of efficiently categorizing tweets about eating disorders domain. Methods: We collected tweets related to eating disorders, for 3 consecutive months. After preprocessing, a subset of 2000 tweets was labeled: (1) messages written by people suffering from eating disorders or not, (2) messages promoting suffering from eating disorders or not, (3) informative messages or not, and (4) scientific or nonscientific messages. Traditional machine learning and deep learning models were used to classify tweets. We evaluated accuracy, F1 score, and computational time for each model. Results: A total of 1,058,957 tweets related to eating disorders were collected. were obtained in the 4 categorizations, with The bidirectional encoder representations from transformer-based models had the best score among the machine learning and deep learning techniques applied to the 4 categorization tasks (F1 scores 71.1%-86.4%). Conclusions: Bidirectional encoder representations from transformer-based models have better performance, although their computational cost is significantly higher than those of traditional techniques, in classifying eating disorder-related tweets.
Recherches sur la chloruration du butylène et les propriétés du dichlorobutane.
Sonderdruck eines Artikels, verfasst von E. Briner, J. Hausser und E. de Luserna
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1924

description: Sonderdruck aus Helvetica Chimica Acta, Vol VII, 2. Fasc.
Irrtümlich dazu gelegte Beilag. & Formul. anlässlich der Digitalisierung bei höh. Einheiten zugeordnet
Exploring the mechanisms of diverging mechanical and water stability in macro- and microaggregates
Creators: name: Roosch, Svenja
name: Felde, Vincent J. M. N. L.
name: Uteau, Daniel
name: Peth, Stephan
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: bare fallow
subject: computed tomography
subject: mechanical stability
subject: soil aggregates
subject: water stability
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben

description: Background: Soil stability is often evaluated using either mechanical or hydraulic stress. The few studies that use both approaches suggest that these two types of stability behave differently. Aims: Our aim was to explore the mechanisms of aggregate stability regarding mechanical and water stability at the macro- and microscale, among other things, the effect of differing pore structure and soil organic matter content. Methods: Samples were taken from two adjacent plots that were expected to differ in stability due to land use, that is, cropped versus bare fallow (BF). The stability of dry-separated macroaggregates (8–16 mm) and microaggregates (53–250 µm) was determined via wet sieving and unconfined uniaxial compression tests. To explore the mechanisms of stability, 3D pore characteristics were analyzed with microtomography scans. Furthermore, the contents of carbon and exchangeable polyvalent cations as well as contact angles were determined. Results: Water stability of macroaggregates was much higher in the cropped plot (geometric mean diameter 0.65–2.37 mm [cropped] vs. 0.31–0.56 mm [BF]), while mechanical stability was very similar (median work 17.3 [cropped] and 17.5 N mm [BF]). The two size fractions behaved similarly regarding both types of stability, with more pronounced differences in macroaggregates. Several soil characteristics, like carbon, exchangeable calcium, and higher connectivity of pores to the aggregate exterior, contributed to water stability. Regarding mechanical stability, the destabilizing effect of lower carbon content and exchangeable calcium in the BF plot was counterbalanced by a lower porosity. Conclusions: Mechanical and water stability behaved differently in the two plots due to the different deformation mechanisms.
Terpene und Campher, Vorlesung von Leopold Ruzicka.
Vorlesungsnachschrift, ausgearbeitet von Fritz Schenker
Creators: name: Schenker, Fritz
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1923

description: Nachschrift der Vorlesung, vorgetragen im Wintersemester 1923/24 an der ETH Zürich.
Text mit Figuren
LED-light-driven over ZnO/biochar nanocomposite for activation of peroxymonosulfate to enhanced photocatalytic removal of Methyl orange dye in aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Saraee, Hadis
name: Noorimotlagh, Zahra
name: Mansouri, Mohsen
name: Mirzaee, Seyyed Abbas
name: Martinez, Susana Silva
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Organic dyes are stable and persistent toxic compounds in the aquatic environment that are refractory to decompose by different removal methods such as physico-chemical, optical and biological. Their presence in the aquatic media threatens human and wildlife. Therefore, herein, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) due to good chemical durability, abundant availability, easy preparation, low cost and good photocatalytic performance was anchored on biochar (ZnO@biochar) nanocomposites were synthesized towards activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange (MO) dye. Several methods were used to characterization of the nanocomposites including FESEM, XRD, PL, EDS, FT-IR spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption. The results of the characterization techniques demonstrated that the well-dispersed ZnO NPs were loaded onto the biochar surface. According to the particle size distribution graph, the average particle size of 64 nm was obtained for the ZnO NPs. BET analyzes showed that pore volume, the specific surface area (SSA) and average pore size of the synthesized nanocomposite increased. The survey of effective operational parameters indicated that the highest photocatalytic activity for MO removal was in the pH 3 of solution, 5 ppm initial dye concentration, 30 mg ZnO/biochar nanocomposite, and 20 mg PMS dose under LED-50W lamp irradiation (97.03% in the reaction time of 80 min). During the process, the reduction of the total organic carbon (TOC) contents and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were observed. Moreover, the MO degradation kinetics under optimal operating conditions were determined. It is concluded that the ZnO@biochar nanocomposite/PMS process was an efficient degradation method for the decomposition of the dye pollutant.
Complementary effects of sorption and biochemical processing of dissolved organic matter for emerging structure formation controlled by soil texture
Creators: name: Bucka, Franziska B.
name: Felde, Vincent J. M. N. L.
name: Peth, Stephan
name: Kögel‐Knabner, Ingrid
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: aggregate formation
subject: deep soil
subject: dry-crushing
subject: microcosm experiment
subject: PLFA analysis
subject: specific surface area
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben

description: Background: Percolating dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the topsoil is considered the main source of subsoil organic carbon (OC) in temperate soils, but knowledge about its influence on OC storage and structure-forming processes is limited. Aims: We conducted a 30-day incubation experiment with artificial soils to study the effects of percolating DOM and soil texture on OC turnover and initial structure formation. Methods: Artificial soils with contrasting texture, but identical mineral composition, were used to mimic subsoil conditions, where mineral surfaces free of OM come into contact with percolating DOM. After the incubation, we assessed the solution exchange, OM covers on minerals, microbial community and OC turnover, and aggregate formation and stability. Results: A higher sand content caused a lower porosity, accompanied by a lower moisture content. In contrast, the OC retention (21% of the OC input), microbial activity, and community size were unaffected by soil texture. The OM covered 10% of the mineral surfaces within an otherwise OC-free mineral matrix. The formation of large, water-stable aggregates occurred in all soils, but was pronounced in the clay-rich soils (58% mass contribution), which also supported a higher mechanical stability of the aggregates. Conclusions: The initial retention and microbial mineralization of DOM are decoupled from pore sizes and soil solution exchange but are driven by the mineral composition and OC input. The biochemical processing of the percolating DOM can induce large aggregates. Here, the presence of fine mineral particles enhances the formation and mechanical stability of the aggregates, irrespective of their surface charge or sorptive properties.
Imprimerie Jent, S. A. Genève, an Fritz Schenker (1900-1971)
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1925

description: Brief aus Genève.
Zusätzlich auf der Rückseite: Bleistiftskizze.
Beilagen: drei Formulare, u.a. für die Gestaltung des Vorderdeckels gemäss der Richtlinien der Universität Genf
Predicting phosphorus accumulation and proposing conditions needed for an algal-based phosphorus uptake process
Creators: name: Brown, Nicola
name: Sells, Matthew
name: Jayamaha, Nihal
name: Shilton, Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Algal-based waste stabilization ponds (WSP) are a common wastewater treatment system for small communities but have poor phosphorus removal. Under certain conditions algae in WSPs will perform ‘luxury uptake’ increasing their phosphorus content to over 3% (gP/gSS) by storing polyphosphate. For the first time in the literature this paper presents a systematic study which determines the conditions needed to maximise phosphorus accumulation within WSP biomass taking into account the interactions between key variables. The key variables of temperature, phosphorus concentration, light intensity, mixing intensity, organic load, and pH were evaluated in 40 batch factorial experiments using a WSP algal culture. All six variables examined had significant main effects or interactions on the phosphorus content of the biomass. These were incorporated into a regression equation which was successfully validated against independent data sets from the literature. The conditions required to maximise the phosphorus content of the biomass were predicted for both summer (high light and high temperature) and winter (low light and low temperature) scenarios. The required conditions were revealed to be high phosphorus concentration, high mixing intensity, no supplementary CO2 addition, and low organic load. Interestingly, these conditions were consistent for both summer and winter suggesting that year-round treatment is possible. Practical methods of achieving these conditions were proposed. While further work will be needed to evaluate the effect of growth and potential influence of algal species, the findings presented provide a vital step towards developing a new phosphorus removal treatment process based on an enhanced understanding of environmental biotechnology.
Impact of electrically assisted bicycles on physical activity and traffic accident risk: A prospective observational study
Creators: name: Haufe, Sven
name: Boeck, Hedwig Theda
name: Häckl, Sebastian
name: Boyen, Johanna
name: Kück, Momme
name: Van Rhee, Clara Catharina
name: Graf Von Der Schulenburg, Johann-Matthias
name: Zeidler, Jan
name: Schmidt, Torben
name: Johannsen, Heiko
name: Holzwart, Dennis
name: Koch, Armin
name: Tegtbur, Uwe
Publisher: name: London : BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: accelerometer
subject: cycling
subject: environment
subject: physical activity
subject: prevention
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::790 | Freizeitgestaltung, Darstellende Kunst::796 | Sport

description: Background Electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) have become increasingly popular and may facilitate active commuting and recreational cycling. Objective To evaluate the physical activity levels and usage characteristics of e-bikers and conventional cyclists under real-world conditions. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study in Germany to examine the effects of e-biking compared with conventional cycling on reaching the World Health Organization (WHO) target for physical activity-at least 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per week. Study participants (1250 e-bikers and 629 conventional bike users) were equipped with activity trackers to assess the time, distance and heart rate during cycling over four consecutive weeks. Questionnaires were used to assess any traffic accidents incurred over 12 months. Results The proportion of participants reaching 150 min of MVPA per week was higher for conventional bike users than for e-bike users (35.0% vs 22.4%, p<0.001). In a multiple regression model, the odds of reaching the physical activity target were lower for e-biking than for conventional biking (OR=0.56; 95% CI 0.43 to 0.72) with age, sex, comorbidities and bike usage patterns as confounding factors. No significant differences were observed between bike groups for traffic accidents, yet when controlled for cycling time and frequency of cycling e-bikers had a higher risk of a traffic accident (OR=1.63; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.58). Conclusion E-bikes are associated with a lower probability of reaching WHO targets for MVPA due to reduced duration and a reduced cardiovascular effort during riding. However, e-bikes might facilitate active transportation, particularly in older individuals or those with pre-existing conditions.
Direct Formation of Planetary Embryos in Self-Gravitating Disks
Creators: name: Baehr, Hans
name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Yang, Chao-Chin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Planet Formation
Self-Gravity
Circumstellar Disk

description: Planet formation in self-gravitating disks typically focuses on the rapid collapse (fragmentation) of dense gas in the disk into gas giant planets. This is particularly effective at larger distances where the disk is cool. Therefore, fragmenting disks are often used to explain direct imaging observations of gas giant planets at wide orbital separations. While the gas dominates the mass budget of a self-gravitating disk, the dust can concentrate into dense filaments when the disk is turbulent but does not fragment. Concentration occurs through the aerodynamic drag of the particles with respect to the gas and leads to density enhancements within the gas spirals. At these densities, the dust can gravitationally collapse into bound clouds or clumps which can be seeds of planet formation. We conduct 3D simulations of dusty self-gravitating disks to investigate the disk conditions and dust particle parameters
 which lead to the formation of these dense dust clumps. We find that these clumps can be up to several Earth masses in size and
 their formation is roughly consistent with a criterion where turbulent diffusion of the dust counters the dust self-gravity.
Louis-Alphonse de Mandrot (1814-1882) an Adolf Bürkli-Meyer (1819-1894)
Creators: name: Mandrot, Louis-Alphonse de
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1878

description: Postkarte aus Cormondrèche.
Zusätzlich auf der Rückseite: "betr. Meuron". Notizen von anderer Hand, ev. Registrierung unter R(épondu) 20/21
Briefumschlag, beschriftet von Adolf Bürkli-Meyer mit: "Korrespondenz mit Oberst von Mandrot in Cormondrèche"