cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of ultrafast heated radiative plasmas driven by petawatt laser lights
Creators: name: Sugimoto, K.
name: Iwata, N.
name: Sunahara, A.
name: Sano, T.
name: Sentoku, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A relativistic petawatt laser light can heat heavy metals over keV temperature isochorically and ionize them almost fully. Copious hard X-rays are emitted from the high-Z hot plasma which acts as X-ray sources, while they work as a cooling process of the plasma. The cooling process can affect on the creation of high energy density plasma via the interaction, however, the details are unknown. The X-ray spectrum depends on the plasma temperature, so that it is worthwhile to investigate the radiation cooling effects. We here study the isochoric heating of a solid silver foil irradiated by relativistic laser lights with a help of particle-in-cell simulations including Coulomb collisions, ionizations, and radiation processes. We have conducted a parameter survey varying laser intensity, $10^{18-20}\,\rm{W/cm^2}$, to check the cooling effects while keeping the incident laser energy constant. The silver plasma heated mainly by the resistive heating dissipates its energy by keV X-ray emissions in a picosecond time scale. The radiation power from the silver foil is found to be comparable to the incident laser power when the laser intensity is less than $10^{19}\,{\rm W/cm^2}$ under the constant energy situation. The evolution of the plasma energy density inside the target is then suppressed, due to which a highly compressed collisional shock is formed at the target surface and propagates into the plasma. The radiation spectra of the keV silver plasma are also demonstrated.
Collective Memory of the 2011 Egyptian Revolution: Surveying Egyptians a Decade After
Creators: name: Albassam, Hazem
name: Ferrant, Coline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Years after, how to recollect the Egyptian revolution of 2011? What explained it happened, and how do Egyptian citizens feel about its aftermath? In this article, we attempt to gain some insight into both, big questions. First, we compile primary indicators for the main explanations provided in public discourse, that is, inequality, economic stagnation, poverty, unemployment, and corruption. Second, we analyze a survey conducted in 2020 among a small but diverse sample of Cairenes, about their perceptions of the causes and consequences of the revolution. Both sources of evidence – indicative and exploratory – highlight that political upheaval has not entailed radical social change, betraying citizen hopes. While not conclusive, this, we hope, helps contemplate the variety of approaches to examining the Egyptian revolution – social and political, objective and subjective, personal and public, and current and retrospective.
Unambiguous state discrimination: optimal solution and case study
Creators: name: Kleinmann, M.
name: Kampermann, H.
name: Bruss, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generic study of unambiguous discrimination between two mixed quantum states. We derive operational optimality conditions and show that the optimal measurements can be classified according to their rank. In Hilbert space dimensions smaller or equal to five this leads to the complete optimal solution. We demonstrate our method with a physical example, namely the unambiguous comparison of n quantum states, and find the optimal success probability.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, published version
On Hamiltonians Generating Optimal-Speed Evolutions
Creators: name: Mostafazadeh, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple derivation of the formula for the Hamiltonian operator(s) that achieve the fastest possible unitary evolution between given initial and final states. We discuss how this formula is modified in pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics and provide an explicit expression for the most general optimal-speed quasi-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Our approach allows for an explicit description of the metric- (inner product-) dependence of the lower bound on the travel time and the universality (metric-independence) of the upper bound on the speed of unitary evolutions.
description: Published version
Recollecting the Egyptian Revolution of 2011
Creators: name: Albassam, Hazem
name: Ferrant, Coline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Years after, how to recollect the Egyptian revolution of 2011? What explained it happened, and how do Egyptian citizens feel about its aftermath? In this article, we attempt to gain some insight into both, big questions. First, we compile primary indicators for the main explanations provided in public discourse, that is, inequality, economic stagnation, poverty, unemployment, and corruption. Second, we analyze a survey conducted in 2020 among a small but diverse sample of Cairenes, about their perceptions of the causes and consequences of the revolution. Both sources of evidence – indicative and exploratory – highlight that political upheaval has not entailed radical social change, betraying citizen hopes. While not conclusive, this, we hope, helps contemplate the variety of approaches to examining the Egyptian revolution – social and political, objective and subjective, personal and public, and current and retrospective.
Volume complexity for the non-supersymmetric Janus AdS$_5$ geometry
Creators: name: Baiguera, Stefano
name: Bonansea, Sara
name: Toccacelo, Kristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute holographic complexity for the non-supersymmetric Janus deformation of AdS$_5$ according to the volume conjecture. The result is characterized by a power-law ultraviolet divergence. When a ball-shaped region located around the interface is considered, a sub-leading logarithmic divergent term and a finite part appear in the corresponding subregion volume complexity. Using two different prescriptions to regularize the divergences, we find that the coefficient of the logarithmic term is universal.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Bayesian analysis of the low-resolution polarized 3-year WMAP sky maps
Creators: name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Huey, Greg
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Jewell, J. B.
name: O'Dwyer, I. J.
name: Wandelt, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a previously developed Gibbs sampling framework to the foreground corrected 3-yr WMAP polarization data and compute the power spectrum and residual foreground template amplitude posterior distributions. We first analyze the co-added Q- and V-band data, and compare our results to the likelihood code published by the WMAP team. We find good agreement, and thus verify the numerics and data processing steps of both approaches. However, we also analyze the Q- and V-bands separately, allowing for non-zero EB cross-correlations and including two individual foreground template amplitudes tracing synchrotron and dust emission. In these analyses, we find tentative evidence of systematics: The foreground tracers correlate with each of the Q- and V-band sky maps individually, although not with the co-added QV map; there is a noticeable negative EB cross-correlation at l
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to ApJL
The Relation Between Optical beams Propagation in Free Space and in Strongly Nonlocal Nonlinear Media
Creators: name: Lu, Daquan
name: Hu, Wei
name: Guo, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between optical beams propagation in strongly nonlocal nonlinear (SNN) media and {propagation} in free space is {demonstrated using} the technique of variable transformation. The governing equation, integral and analytical solutions, and propagation properties in free space can be directly transferred to their counterparts in SNN media through a one-to-one correspondence. The one-to-one correspondence together with the Huygens-Fresnel integral yields an efficient numerical method to describe SNN propagation. The existence conditions and possible structures of solitons and breathers in SNN media are described in a unified manner by comparing propagation properties in SNN media with those in free space. The results can be employed in other contexts in which the governing equation for the evolution of waves is equivalent to that in SNN media, such as for quadratic graded-index media, or for harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensates in the noninteracting limit.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, published in EPL
Some Multi-Quark Potentials, Pseudo-Potentials and AdS/QCD
Creators: name: Andreev, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static three-quark potential and pseudo-potential of a pure SU(3) gauge theory are studied in a five-dimensional framework known as AdS/QCD. The results support the Y-ansatz for the baryonic area law. A comparison with the quark-antiquark calculations shows the universality of the string tension as well as the spatial string tension. We also discuss extensions to SU(N) gauge theories.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures; v2: a few sentences added and typos corrected
Green's functions and the Cauchy problem of the Burgers hierarchy and forced Burgers equation
Creators: name: Zuparic, Mathew
name: Hoek, Keeley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Cauchy problem for the Burgers hierarchy with general time dependent coefficients. The closed form for the Green's function of the corresponding linear equation of arbitrary order $N$ is shown to be a sum of generalised hypergeometric functions. For suitably damped initial conditions we plot the time dependence of the Cauchy problem over a range of $N$ values. For $N=1$, we introduce a spatial forcing term. Using connections between the associated second order linear Schrödinger and Fokker-Planck equations, we give closed form expressions for the corresponding Green's functions of the sinked Bessel process with constant drift. We then apply the Green's function to give time dependent profiles for the corresponding forced Burgers Cauchy problem.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures, preprint of manuscript accepted by Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
Monte Carlo simulation of the nuclear medium: Fermi gases, nuclei and the role of Pauli potentials
Creators: name: Perez-Garcia, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of Pauli potentials in the semiclassical simulation of Fermi gases at low temperatures is investigated. An alternative Pauli potential to the usual bivariate Gaussian form by Dorso et al. is proposed. This new Pauli potential allows for a simultaneous good reproduction of not only the kinetic energy per particle but also the momentum distribution and the two-body correlation function. The reproduction of the binding energies in finite nuclei in the low and medium mass range is also analyzed. What is found is that given a reasonable short-range atractive nuclear interaction one can include correlation effects in a suitable chosen density dependent Pauli potential.
description: Contribution prepared for the proceedings of EXOCT07 held in June 2007 in Catania, Italy
A case study of an elementary generalist teacher's trial implementation of an art curriculum guide
Creators: name: Wilson, Wendy Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study addresses the problem of how an elementary generalist teacher implements unfamiliar material, in this case a draft art curriculum, when provided with assistance from the researcher in the role of consultant. The following question was posed: To what extent are the following factors affecting implementation as outlined by Fullan (1982), evident in the implementation of a draft art curriculum guide by a generalist teacher: characteristics of the change, characteristics at the school district level, characteristics at the school level and characteristics external to the local system A review of literature undertaken on the status of art education reveals a scarcity of information providing a descriptive data base about current art teaching practices in Canada today, and reveals a discrepancy between theory and practice in art teaching. Carefully planned curriculum implementation was cited as one way to effect positive changes in art teaching. A review of literature also undertaken of the factors affecting implementation of new material in classrooms focused on the four areas cited above by Fullan (1982). The research involved a case study and field testing of materials with a Grade 4/5 elementary generalist teacher. Data collection included observation, interviewing and document analysis as part of an individualized research method using many of the techniques associated with participant observation, naturalistic observation, and ethnography. Fullan's (1982) factors affecting implementation were used to provide a structure from which the implementation and aspects of consultation provided could be analyzed. Some changes took place in regards to the teacher's use of the new curriculum and materials but there was not a significant implementation or change in teaching approaches, beliefs or use of new materials.
Analysis of Stability, Response and LQR Controller Design of a Small Scale Helicopter Dynamics
Creators: name: Dharmayanda, Hardian Reza
name: Kang, Taesam
name: Lee, Young Jae
name: Sung, Sangkyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8

description: This paper presents how to use feedback controller with helicopter dynamics state space model. A simplified analysis is presented for controller design using LQR of small scale helicopters for axial and forward flights. Our approach is simple and gives the basic understanding about how to develop controller for solving the stability of linear helicopter flight dynamics.
description: Uploaded by ICIUS2007 Conference Organizer on behalf of the author(s). 8 pages, 19 figures, 4 tables
Dynamics of interacting Brownian particles: a diagrammatic formulation
Creators: name: Szamel, Grzegorz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a diagrammatic formulation of a theory for the time dependence of density fluctuations in equilibrium systems of interacting Brownian particles. To facilitate derivation of the diagrammatic expansion we introduce a basis that consists of orthogonalized many-particle density fluctuations. We obtain an exact hierarchy of equations of motion for time-dependent correlations of orthogonalized density fluctuations. To simplify this hierarchy we neglect contributions to the vertices from higher-order cluster expansion terms. An iterative solution of the resulting equations can be represented by diagrams with three and four-leg vertices. We analyze the structure of the diagrammatic series for the time-dependent density correlation function and obtain a diagrammatic interpretation of reducible and irreducible memory functions. The one-loop self-consistent approximation for the latter function coincides with mode-coupling approximation for Brownian systems that was derived previously using a projection operator approach.
description: Minor changes; one reference added; to be published in J. Chem. Phys
Basic quantum mechanics for three Dirac equations in a curved spacetime
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
name: Reifler, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the basic quantum mechanics for a fully general set of Dirac matrices in a curved spacetime by extending Pauli's method. We further extend this study to three versions of the Dirac equation: the standard (Dirac-Fock-Weyl or DFW) equation, and two alternative versions, both of which are based on the recently proposed linear tensor representations of the Dirac field (TRD). We begin with the current conservation: we show that the latter applies to any solution of the Dirac equation, iff the field of Dirac matrices $γ^μ$ satisfies a specific PDE. This equation is always satisfied for DFW with its restricted choice for the $γ^μ$ matrices. It similarly restricts the choice of the $γ^μ$ matrices for TRD. However, this restriction can be achieved. The frame dependence of a general Hamiltonian operator is studied. We show that in any given reference frame with minor restrictions on the spacetime metric, the axioms of quantum mechanics impose a unique form for the Hilbert space scalar product. Finally, the condition for the general Dirac Hamiltonian operator to be Hermitian is derived in a general curved spacetime. For DFW, the validity of this hermiticity condition depends on the choice of the $γ^μ$ matrices.
description: 35 pages (standard 12pt format). v3: Introduction reinforced, a few wording improvements in the body, former appendix removed and made into a paper, arXiv:1003.3521. v2: a few additional informations, e.g. regarding the similarity transformations that are allowable
Extended X-ray emission associated with the radio lobes and the environments of 60 radio galaxies
Creators: name: Gill, Ajay
name: Boyce, Michelle M.
name: O'Dea, Christopher P.
name: Baum, Stefi A.
name: Kharb, Preeti
name: Campbell, Neil
name: Tremblay, Grant R.
name: Kundu, Suman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studied the faint, diffuse extended X-ray emission associated with the radio lobes and the hot gas in the intracluster medium (ICM) environment for a sample of radio galaxies. We used shallow ($\sim 10$ ks) archival Chandra observations for 60 radio galaxies (7 FR I and 53 FR II) with $0.0222 \le z \le 1.785$ selected from the 298 extragalactic radio sources identified in the 3CR catalog. We used Bayesian statistics to look for any asymmetry in the extended X-ray emission between regions that contain the radio lobes and regions that contain the hot gas in the ICM. In the Chandra broadband ($0.5 - 7.0$ keV), which has the highest detected X-ray flux and the highest signal-to-noise ratio, we found that the non-thermal X-ray emission from the radio lobes dominates the thermal X-ray emission from the environment for $\sim 77\%$ of the sources in our sample. We also found that the relative amount of on-jet axis non-thermal emission from the radio lobes tends to increase with redshift compared to the off-jet axis thermal emission from the environment. This suggests that the dominant X-ray mechanism for the non-thermal X-ray emission in the radio lobes is due to the inverse Compton upscattering of cosmic microwave background (CMB) seed photons by relativistic electrons in the radio lobes, a process for which the observed flux is roughly redshift independent due to the increasing CMB energy density with increasing redshift.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures
Numerical Method of Lines for the Relaxational Dynamics of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, A. K.
name: Menon, Gautam I.
name: Adhikari, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an efficient numerical scheme, based on the method of lines, for solving the Landau-de Gennes equations describing the relaxational dynamics of nematic liquid crystals. Our method is computationally easy to implement, balancing requirements of efficiency and accuracy. We benchmark our method through the study of the following problems: the isotropic-nematic interface, growth of nematic droplets in the isotropic phase and the kinetics of coarsening following a quench into the nematic phase. Our results, obtained through solutions of the full coarse-grained equations of motion with no approximations, provide a stringent test of the de Gennes ansatz for the isotropic - nematic interface, illustrate the anisotropic character of droplets in the nucleation regime and validate dynamical scaling in the coarsening regime.
God-Language and Scepticism in Early Modern England
Creators: name: Hamlin, Wiliam
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2014

description:

This essay incorporates new trends of corpus linguistics research within an investigation of sceptical thought, particularly in the period of roughly 1580 to 1620. The analysis uses several standard texts, such as the Shakespeare First Folio (1623), the Florio translation of Montaigne (1613 ed.), the collected plays of Marlowe, Bacon’s Advancement of Learning (1605), etc., juxtaposed against larger reference corpora, such as a fully-keyed collection of several thousand English books printed between 1580 and 1620. Such juxtapositions enable contrastive analysis using various techniques of collocation, proximity, and syntactic pattern examination.

description: English Literature
Eigenvalue bounds in the gaps of Schrodinger operators and Jacobi matrices
Creators: name: Hundertmark, Dirk
name: Simon, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47B36, 81Q10, 35P15

description: We consider $C=A+B$ where $A$ is selfadjoint with a gap $(a,b)$ in its spectrum and $B$ is (relatively) compact. We prove a general result allowing $B$ of indefinite sign and apply it to obtain a $(δV)^{d/2}$ bound for perturbations of suitable periodic Schrodinger operators and a (not quite)Lieb-Thirring bound for perturbations of algebro-geometric almost periodic Jacobi matrices.
Computer Vision and Conflicting Values: Describing People with Automated Alt Text
Creators: name: Hanley, Margot
name: Barocas, Solon
name: Levy, Karen
name: Azenkot, Shiri
name: Nissenbaum, Helen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Scholars have recently drawn attention to a range of controversial issues posed by the use of computer vision for automatically generating descriptions of people in images. Despite these concerns, automated image description has become an important tool to ensure equitable access to information for blind and low vision people. In this paper, we investigate the ethical dilemmas faced by companies that have adopted the use of computer vision for producing alt text: textual descriptions of images for blind and low vision people, We use Facebook's automatic alt text tool as our primary case study. First, we analyze the policies that Facebook has adopted with respect to identity categories, such as race, gender, age, etc., and the company's decisions about whether to present these terms in alt text. We then describe an alternative -- and manual -- approach practiced in the museum community, focusing on how museums determine what to include in alt text descriptions of cultural artifacts. We compare these policies, using notable points of contrast to develop an analytic framework that characterizes the particular apprehensions behind these policy choices. We conclude by considering two strategies that seem to sidestep some of these concerns, finding that there are no easy ways to avoid the normative dilemmas posed by the use of computer vision to automate alt text.
Ozanimod in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis: a profile of its use
Creators: name: Shirley, Matt
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Declarations
 Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
 Authorship and conflicts of interest M. Shirley is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content.
 Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here

AbstractOzanimod (Zeposia®), a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator with high selectivity for S1P receptor subtypes 1 and 5 (S1P1 and S1P5), represents another oral disease-modifying therapy option for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults. In two randomised, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trials, once-daily oral ozanimod 0.92 mg significantly reduced annualised relapse rates and MRI lesion accumulation compared with once-weekly intramuscular interferon β-1a 30 µg. Furthermore, an ongoing open-label extension study provides evidence that the therapeutic effects of ozanimod are sustained in the longer term. Ozanimod is generally well tolerated. The once-daily oral administration provides a convenient dosing regimen, and the high selectivity for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors has the potential to improve safety by reducing potential off-target effects.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
The Atomic Gas Mass of Green Pea Galaxies
Creators: name: Kanekar, N.
name: Ghosh, T.
name: Rhoads, J.
name: Malhotra, S.
name: Harish, S.
name: Chengalur, J. N.
name: Jones, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Arecibo Telescope and the Green Bank Telescope to carry out a deep search for H{\sc i}~21\,cm emission from a large sample of Green Pea galaxies, yielding 19 detections, and 21 upper limits on the H{\sc i} mass. We obtain H{\sc i} masses of $\rm M_{HI} \approx (4-300) \times 10^8 \, \rm M_\odot$ for the detections, with a median H{\sc i} mass of $\approx 2.6 \times 10^9 \, \rm M_\odot$; for the non-detections, the median $3σ$ upper limit on the H{\sc i} mass is $\approx 5.5 \times 10^8 \, \rm M_\odot$. These are the first estimates of the atomic gas content of Green Pea galaxies. We find that the H{\sc i}-to-stellar mass ratio in Green Peas is consistent with trends identified in star-forming galaxies in the local Universe. However, the median H{\sc i} depletion timescale in Green Peas is $\approx 0.6$~Gyr, an order of magnitude lower than that obtained in local star-forming galaxies. This implies that Green Peas consume their atomic gas on very short timescales. A significant fraction of the Green Peas of our sample lie $\gtrsim 0.6$~dex ($2σ$) above the local $\rm M_{HI} - M_B$ relation, suggesting recent gas accretion. Further, $\approx 30$\% of the Green Peas are more than $\pm 2σ$ deviant from this relation, suggesting possible bimodality in the Green Pea population. We obtain a low H{\sc i}~21\,cm detection rate in the Green Peas with the highest O32~$\equiv$~[O{\sc iii}]$λ$5007/[O{\sc ii}]$λ$3727 luminosity ratios, O32~$> 10$, consistent with the high expected Lyman-continuum leakage from these galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 3 pages, Astrophysical Journal Letters, in press
A case study of one special interest group moulding student attitudes through its school program : salmonids in the classroom
Creators: name: Wolthers, Timothy James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In public education, it is not possible to present school programs that will satisfy all the external groups from society. When an outside interest group perceives a need that is lacking in the schools' curriculum, it may petition the ministry of education or the local school board to include its need into the curricula. Another method to influence or insert its point of view is for the interest group to produce its own curriculum for a school program. This study investigated the impact of one outside interest group as it attempts to modify students' attitudes through its school program, Salmonids in the Classroom. Werner's description of editorial criticism permitted examination with a political perspective, of the resource package, Salmonids in the Classroom. The methodology of this analysis permitted a view of the goals and values espoused and hidden in a school program and how those goals and values were modified as they are passed from the program sponsors through the developers to the teachers. To determine the effects of the Salmonids in the Classroom Program upon student attitudes toward the salmonid resource, a Likert-type instrument using a slide show was used. To understand children's beliefs and attitudes about the salmonid resource, student interviews were conducted with some students after they were exposed to the Salmonids in the Classroom Program. This study confirms that a special interest group can sponsor a school program and modify student attitudes to be more supportive of the interest group's programs and goals. This study may be useful not only to teachers to assist in clarifying their role with the special interest group's school program, but it may also be useful to special interest groups who may be planning ways to influence the public through the school system.
Information and Online Reviews
Creators: name: Mantovani, Andrea
name: Loginova, Oksana
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Online review aggregators, such as TripAdvisor, HotelClub and OpenTable help consumers
identify the products and services that best match their preferences. The goal of this
study is to understand the impact of online review aggregators on firms and consumers. We
adopt Salop’s circular city model in which consumers initially do not know the locations of
the firms in the product space. The firms decide whether or not to be listed on an online review
aggregator’s website and choose their prices. When a firm resorts to the aggregator, its
location and price become observable to the consumers who visit the website. We consider
two different scenarios, depending on the possibility for online firms to offer discounts to
the consumers who book online. We show that in equilibrium not all firms will go online
– some will remain offline. Online firms attract more customers than their offline counterparts
due to reduced mismatch costs, but face a tougher price competition. Comparing the
equilibrium prices, profits and the number of firms that go online across the scenarios, we
derive interesting conclusions from the private and the social standpoints.
Design and control of dynamical quantum processes in ortho para H2 conversion on surfaces
Creators: name: Muhida, Rifki
name: Muhida, Riza
name: Dino, Wilson A.
name: Nakanishi, Hiroshi
name: Kasai, Hideaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8

description: We present here a novel, cost-effective method for increasing and controlling the ortho para H2 (o p H2) conversion yield. First, we invoke two processes derived from fundamental, surface science insights, based on the effect of molecular orientation on the hydrogen solid surface reaction, i.e., dynamical quantum filtering and steering, and apply them to enhance the o p H2 conversion yield. Second, we find an important factor that can significantly influence the yield i.e., inhomogeneity of spin density distribution. This factor gives us a promising possibility to increase the yield and to find the best catalyst e.g., design of materials that can function as catalysts for the o p H2 conversion.
description: Uploaded by ICIUS2007 Conference Organizer on behalf of the author(s). 8 pages, 7 figures
The Baryon Fractions and Mass-to-Light Ratios of Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Jiang, Guangfei
name: Kochanek, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We jointly model 22 early-type gravitational lens galaxies with stellar dynamical measurements using standard CDM halo models. The sample is inhomogeneous in both its mass distributions and the evolution of its stellar populations unless the true uncertainties are significantly larger than the reported measurement errors. In general, the individual systems cannot constrain halo models, in the sense that the data poorly constrains the stellar mass fraction of the halo. The ensemble of systems, however, strongly constrains the average stellar mass represented by the visible galaxies to $0.026\pm0.006$ of the halo mass if we neglect adiabatic compression, rising to $0.056\pm0.011$ of the halo mass if we include adiabatic compression. Both estimates are significantly smaller than the global baryon fraction, corresponding to a star formation efficiency for early-type galaxies of $10%-30%$. In the adiabatically compressed models, we find an average local B-band stellar mass-to-light ratio of $(M/L)_0 = (7.2\pm0.5)(M_{\sun}/L_{\sun})$ that evolves by $d\log(M/L)/dz = -0.72\pm0.08$ per unit redshift. Adjusting the isotropy of the stellar orbits has little effect on the results. The adiabatically compressed models are strongly favored if we impose either local estimates of the mass-to-light ratios of early-type galaxies or the weak lensing measurements for the lens galaxies on 100 kpc scales as model constraints.
description: 9 figures
I prodotti alimentari minori: chiocciole e rane Allevamento e specie commerciali, normative igienico-sanitarie e prospettive future.
Creators: name: Vitali, Edoardo
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Heliciculture; Snail; Frog; Breeding; Alternative food; Amphibiculture

description: The heliciculture and frog breeding are zootechnic activities of great relevance that, actually, have not been taken in particular consideration overall by laws collected in the so named “Hygiene Package” because considered minor food or only food of niche. In fact, the presence of these meats on the market is still limited. The author wishes to underline the importance of nutritive value of snails and frogs meat and so the public can appreciate this alternative food by a correct consumer's information. One take in consideration not only the anatomic and physiologic aspects of these terrestrial gastropods and amphibians, but also the commercial species, the market in progress, the slaughter and the hygienic and sanitary and inspective aspects longer than the objective deficiency of rules.
description: Food In, Vol 1, No 3 (2015): I prodotti alimentari minori: chiocciole e rane
Additional file 2 of The protein-protein interaction between connective tissue growth factor and annexin A2 is relevant to pannus formation in rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Yin, Guoyu
name: Yang, Chenglin
name: Wu, Gan
name: Yu, Xinxin
name: Tian, Qingqing
name: Chen, Daoxing
name: Cao, Ben
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Xu, Nannan
name: Jin, Shengwei
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Wang, Jianguang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary methods.
Highly efficient polarization-entangled photon-pair generation in lithium niobate waveguides based on bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Chen, Guang-Yuan
name: Li, Zhi-Xin
name: Chen, Yu-Hui
name: Zhang, Xiang-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrated optics provides a platform for the experimental implementation of highly complex and compact circuits for practical applications as well as for advances in the fundamental science of quantum optics. The lithium niobate (LN) waveguide is an important candidate for the construction of integrated optical circuits. Based on the bound state in the continuum (BIC) in a LN waveguide, we propose an efficient way to produce polarization-entangled photon pairs. The implementation of this method is simple and does not require the polarization process needed for periodically poled LN. The generation rate of the entangled photon pairs increases linearly with the length of the waveguide. For visible light, the generation efficiency can be improved by more than five orders of magnitude with waveguides having the length of only a few millimeters, compared with the corresponding case without BICs. The phenomena can appear in a very wide spectrum range from the visible to THz regions. This study is of great significance for the development of active integrated quantum chips in various wavelength ranges.
Numerische und experimentelle Untersuchung einer abgehobenen Flamme unter Druck
Creators: name: Sedlmaier, Julia
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019
Subjects: CFD
LES
OpenFOAM
abgehobene Flamme
Verbrennung
Simulation
Numerik
LIF
Chemilumineszenz
Flamelet
JPDF
JDPF-Modell
Verbrennungsmodell
LDA

description: Die Phänomenologie abgehobener nicht vorgemischter Flammen ist vor allem in Hinblick auf das Stabilitätsverhalten nicht vollständig verstanden. Im Besonderen der Unterschied im Stabilitätsverhalten zwischen flüssigen und gasförmigen Brennstoffen wurde bisher noch nicht genau beschrieben. 
Diese Kenntnislücke soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit geschlossen werden.
    
Es wurde dafür der Einfluss einer Vielzahl von Betriebsbedingungen, wie der Druckverlust über die Düse, der Absolutdruck, die Vorwärmtemperatur der Verbrennungsluft und die Stöchiometrie auf die Abhebehöhe experimentell untersucht.
  
Um über die experimentellen Untersuchungen hinaus einen besseren Einblick in das Strömungs-, Mischungs- und Temperaturfeld zu erhalten, wurden begleitende CFD-Simulationen der Flamme durchgeführt. 
  
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist ein phänomenologischer Vergleich der abgehobenen Verbrennung beim Einsatz flüssiger und gasförmiger Brennstoffe.
STAR results on medium properties and response of the medium to energetic partons
Creators: name: Mohanty, Bedangadas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new STAR results on the consequences of highly energetic partons propagating through the medium formed in heavy ion collisions using correlations as an experimental probe. The recent results providing insights about color factor effects and path length dependence of parton energy loss, system size dependence of di-hadron fragmentation functions, conical emission and ridge formation in heavy ion collisions are presented.
description: STAR Plenary talk at QM2008. Manuscript for the Proceedings of Quark Matter 2008, Jaipur, India
RNAseq_35405vCF356 copy.xlsx
Creators: name: J. Christopher Fenno
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: RNAseq data comparing gene expression in Treponema denticola 35405 vs Treponema denticola P0760 (CF356), which is an isogenic mutant of strain 35405 carrying a defined mutation in the dentilisin locus. T. denticola P0760 is described in Bian, X.-L., H.-T. Wang, Y. Ning, S. Y. Lee and J. C. Fenno (2005). "Mutagenesis of a novel gene in the prcA-prtP protease locus affects expression of Treponema denticola membrane complexes." Infect Immun 73: 1252-1255.
Avalanche Photodetectors with Photon Trapping Structures for Biomedical Imaging Applications
Creators: name: Bartolo-Perez, Cesar
name: Ghandiparsi, Soroush
name: Mayet, Ahmed S.
name: Cansizoglu, Hilal
name: Gao, Yang
name: Qarony, Wayesh
name: Ahamed, Ahasan
name: Wang, Shih-Yuan
name: Cherry, Simon R.
name: Islam, M. Saif
name: Arino-Estrada, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Enhancing photon detection efficiency and time resolution in photodetectors in the entire visible range is critical to improve the image quality of time-of-flight (TOF)-based imaging systems and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). In this work, we evaluate the gain, detection efficiency, and timing performance of avalanche photodiodes (APD) with photon trapping nanostructures for photons with 450 and 850 nm wavelengths. At 850 nm wavelength, our photon trapping avalanche photodiodes showed 30 times higher gain, an increase from 16% to >60% enhanced absorption efficiency, and a 50% reduction in the full width at half maximum (FWHM) pulse response time close to the breakdown voltage. At 450 nm wavelength, the external quantum efficiency increased from 54% to 82%, while the gain was enhanced more than 20-fold. Therefore, silicon APDs with photon trapping structures exhibited a dramatic increase in absorption compared to control devices. Results suggest very thin devices with fast timing properties and high absorption between the near-ultraviolet and the near infrared region can be manufactured for high-speed applications in biomedical imaging. This study paves the way towards obtaining single photon detectors with photon trapping structures with gains above 10^6 for the entire visible range
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Liebendörfer, Michael
name: Wagner, Kristina
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390402
subject: Education assessment and evaluation

description: Impact sheet to Liebendörfer, M., & Wagner, K. (2024). Do real-world connections make tasks catch secondary school students’ interest? What preservice teachers expect and what students really experience. Implementation and Replication Studies in Mathematics Education, 4(2). DOI: 10.1163/26670127-bja10023
Near real-time precipitable water vapour monitoring for correcting near-infrared observations using satellite remote sensing
Creators: name: Valdés, E. A. Meier
name: Morris, B. M.
name: Demory, B. -O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the search for small exoplanets orbiting cool stars whose spectral energy distributions peak in the near infrared, the strong absorption of radiation in this region due to water vapour in the atmosphere is a particularly adverse effect for the ground-based observations of cool stars. To achieve the photometric precision required to detect exoplanets in the near infrared, it is necessary to mitigate the impact of variable precipitable water vapour (PWV) on radial-velocity and photometric measurements. The aim is to enable global PWV correction by monitoring the amount of precipitable water vapour at zenith and along the line of sight of any visible target. We developed an open source Python package that uses Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) imagery data, which provides temperature and relative humidity at different pressure levels to compute near real-time PWV above any ground-based observatory covered by GOES every 5 minutes or 10 minutes depending on the location. We computed PWV values on selected days above Cerro Paranal (Chile) and San Pedro Mártir (Mexico) to benchmark the procedure. We also simulated different pointing at test targets as observed from the sites to compute the PWV along the line of sight. To asses the accuracy of our method, we compared our results with the on-site radiometer measurements obtained from Cerro Paranal. Our results show that our publicly-available code proves to be a good supporting tool for measuring the local PWV for any ground-based facility within the GOES coverage, which will help in reducing correlated noise contributions in near-infrared ground-based observations that do not benefit from on-site PWV measurements.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
Symmetry-protected photonic chiral spin textures by spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Shi, Peng
name: Du, Luping
name: Li, Mingjie
name: Yuan, Xiaocong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral spin textures are researched widely in condensed matter systems and show potential for spintronics and storage applications. Along with extensive condensed-matter studies of chiral spin textures, photonic counterparts of these textures have been observed in various optical systems with broken inversion symmetry. Unfortunately, the resemblances are only phenomenological. This work proposes a theoretical framework based on the variational theorem to show that the formation of photonic chiral spin textures in an optical interface is derived from the system's symmetry and relativity. Analysis of the optical system's rotational symmetry indicates that conservation of the total angular momentum is preserved from the local variations of spin vectors. Specifically, although the integral spin momentum does not carry net energy, the local spin momentum distribution, which determines the local subluminal energy transport and minimization variation of the square of total angular momentum, results in the chiral twisting of the spin vectors. The findings here deepen the understanding of the symmetries, conservative laws and energy transportation in optical system, construct the comparability in the formation mechanisms and geometries of photonic and condensed-matter chiral spin textures, and suggest applications to optical manipulation and chiral photonics.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Anisotropic conductivity of disordered 2DEGs due to spin-orbit interactions
Creators: name: Chalaev, Oleg
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the conductivity tensor of a disordered two-dimensional electron gas becomes anisotropic in the presence of both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions (SOI). This anisotropy is a mesoscopic effect and vanishes with vanishing charge dephasing time. Using a diagrammatic approach including zero, one, and two-loop diagrams, we show that a consistent calculation needs to go beyond a Boltzmann equation approach. In the absence of charge dephasing and for zero frequency, a finite anisotropy σ_{xy} e^2/lhpf arises even for infinitesimal SOI.
description: 6+ pages