cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nuclear aspects of the solar neutrino problem
Creators: name: Oberhummer, H.
name: Ivanov, A. N.
name: Troitskaya, N. I.
name: Faber, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present status of the nuclear reaction rates determining the solar neutrino flux is discussed. This includes the reaction rates for the two branching ratios of the three pp-chains involving the reactions 3He(3He,2p)4He and 3He(4He,gamma)7Be for the first branching, and 7Be(e-,nu_e)7Li and 7Be(p,gamma)7B for the second branching. Mainly we will concentrate on the basic nuclear reaction p + p -> D + e+ + nu_e of the pp-chains. We use a relativistic field theory model of the deuteron to calculate the low-energy cross section for this reaction. The theoretical prediction of the cross section obtained is about 2.9 times largerthan given in the conventional potential approach. The consequences of this new reaction rate for the solar neutrino problem will be presented and discussed.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX (uses kluwer.sty, included), plus 3 figures added as postscript files, to appear in Proceedings of the Sixth UN/ESA Workshop on Basic Space Science: Ground-based and Space-borne Astronomy, Bonn, Germany, 9-13 September 1996, Editors: H.J. Haubold and P.G. Mezger, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997
Economic and Epidemiological Effects of Mandated and Spontaneous Social Distancing
Creators: name: Bodenstein, M.
name: Corsetti, G.
name: Guerrieri, L.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: infectious disease
epidemic
recession
COVID-19

description: Based on a standard epidemiological model, we derive and apply empirical tests of the hypothesis that contacts, as proxied by mobility data, have an effect on the spread of the coronavirus epidemic, as summarized by the reproduction rates, and on economic activity, as captured by subsequent initial claims to unemployment benefits. We show that changes in mobility through the first quarters of 2020, be it spontaneous or mandated, had significant effects on both the spread of the coronavirus and the economy. Strikingly, we find that spontaneous social distancing was no less costly than mandated social distancing. Our results suggest that the rebound in economic activity when stay-at-home orders were lifted was primarily driven by the improvement in epidemiological parameters. In other words, without the reduction in the reproduction rate of the coronavirus, we could have expected a doubling down on spontaneous social distancing.
Constraining the limiting brightness temperature and Doppler factors for the largest sample of radio bright blazars
Creators: name: Liodakis, I.
name: Hovatta, T.
name: Huppenkothen, D.
name: Kiehlmann, S.
name: Max-Moerbeck, W.
name: Readhead, A. C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic effects dominate the emission of blazar jets complicating our understanding of their intrinsic properties. Although many methods have been proposed to account for them, the variability Doppler factor method has been shown to describe the blazar populations best. We use a Bayesian hierarchical code called {\it Magnetron} to model the light curves of 1029 sources observed by the Owens Valley Radio Observatory's 40-m telescope as a series of flares with an exponential rise and decay, and estimate their variability brightness temperature. Our analysis allows us to place the most stringent constraints on the equipartition brightness temperature i.e., the maximum achieved intrinsic brightness temperature in beamed sources which we found to be $\rm \langle T_{eq}\rangle=2.78\times10^{11}K\pm26\%$. Using our findings we estimated the variability Doppler factor for the largest sample of blazars increasing the number of available estimates in the literature by almost an order of magnitude. Our results clearly show that $γ$-ray loud sources have faster and higher amplitude flares than $γ$-ray quiet sources. As a consequence they show higher variability brightness temperatures and thus are more relativistically beamed, with all of the above suggesting a strong connection between the radio flaring properties of the jet and $γ$-ray emission.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in APJ
Additional file 3: of Diagnostic accuracy of molecular methods for detecting markers of antimalarial drug resistance in clinical samples of Plasmodium falciparum: protocol for an update to a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burrow, Rebekah
name: Fanshawe, Thomas
name: Humphreys, Georgina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Piloted data extraction forms. (DOCX 15â kb)
Spin-wave amplification and lasing driven by inhomogeneous spin transfer torques
Creators: name: Doornenbal, R. J.
name: Roldán-Molina, A.
name: Nunez, A. S.
name: Duine, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an inhomogeneity in the spin-transfer torques in a metallic ferromagnet under suitable conditions strongly amplifies incoming spin waves. Moreover, at nonzero temperatures the incoming thermally occupied spin waves will be amplified such that the region with inhomogeneous spin transfer torques emits spin waves spontaneously, thus constituting a spin-wave laser. We determine the spin-wave scattering amplitudes for a simplified model and set-up, and show under which conditions the amplification and lasing occurs. Our results are interpreted in terms of a so-called black-hole laser, and could facilitate the field of magnonics, that aims to utilize spin waves in logic and data-processing devices.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Synthesis of low-cost NaY zeolites from coal ash and their performance on C1-C4 hydrocarbons adsorption and separation
Creators: name: Yang, Liujing
name: Zheng, Xiaoling
name: Wang, Yang
name: Wang, Yucheng
name: Zhu, Yingying
name: Li, Xinbao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology

description: Light hydrocarbons (C1-C4) are valuable by-products of fossil fuel extraction, with potential for diverse applications after separation and purification. NaY zeolite is an appealing material widely employed for the separation of alkanes and alkenes, but its high cost is a concern. Here we presented a facile low-cost NaY zeolites preparation method from solid waste coal ash (CAY zeolite). We investigated the effect of coal ash dosage on the catalyst structure through XRD and SEM analysis, finding the addition of coal ash promotes the formation of a porous spherical structure in NaY zeolite. In addition, a performance test on the adsorption of C1-C4 was conducted for synthesized CAY zeolite. Remarkably, CAY-3, CAY-3.5 and CAY-4 exhibited minimal adsorption for C1 and C2 compounds but showed a notable adsorption capacity of 4.61 cm3/g for C4 compounds. The CAY series also demonstrated good separation performance for C3H6/C3H8 and C4H8/C4H10. Specifically, CAY-3.5 demonstrated a selectivity of 7.09 for C3H6/C3H8, while CAY-6 showed a selectivity of 5.95 for C4H8/C4H10. Therefore, the synthesized coal ash-based CAY zeolite series exhibits promising potential for cost-effective and efficient practical applications.
Probabilistic Choice Models
Creators: name: Gair, J. R
name: Iyer, S.
name: Velu, C.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: Subjective Probabilities
Decision Making
Cooperation

description: We examine a number of probabilistic choice models in which people might form their beliefs to play their strategies in a game theoretic setting in order to propose alternative equilibrium concepts to the Nash equilibrium. In particular, we evaluate the Blavatskyy model, Returns Based Beliefs (RBB) model, Quantal Response Equilibrium (QRE) model, Boundedly Rational Nash Equilibrium (BRNE) model and the Utility Proportional Beliefs (UPB) model. We outline the foundational axioms for these models and fully explicate them in terms of probabilistic actions, probabilistic beliefs and their epistemic characterizations. We test the model predictions using empirical data and show which models perform better under which conditions. We also extend the Blavatskyy model which was developed to consider games with two actions to cases where there are three or more actions. We provide a nuanced understanding of how different types of probabilistic choice models might predict better than others.
Note Illustrative della Carta geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000, F. 097 Vimercate, Servizio Geologico d'Italia - ISPRA
Creators: name: Bersezio, R.
name: Bini, A.
name: Gelati, R.
name: Ferliga, C.
name: Rigamonti, I.
name: Strini, A.
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2014

description: Note illustrative redatte per il Foglio geologico n.097 Vimercate della Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000. 296 pp.
MOESM5 of Inter-individual consistency in habitat selection patterns and spatial range constraints of female little bustards during the non-breeding season
Creators: name: CuscĂł, Francesc
name: Cardador, Laura
name: Bota, Gerard
name: Morales, Manuel
name: MaĂąosa, Santi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 5. Variograms of distance between positions. Variograms representing the average square distance between positions (semi-variance) as a function of the time lag separating observations.
The role of cosmic voids in galaxy formation and gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Peper, Marius
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: methods: numerical
cosmology: dark matter
(cosmology:) large-scale structure of Universe
galaxies: evolution

description: Cosmic voids may play key roles in cosmology, both as an environment for galaxyformation that disfavours the virialisation of dark matter haloes, and ashaving a gravitational lensing effect of dispersing a light bundle ratherthan focussing it.This thesis has two main aims. First, we investigate if the location of a galaxyin the cosmic web has a measurable effect on its properties. We denote thepotential hill of a void as the \enquote*{elaphrocentre}, which should counteractthe formation of a matter halo and weaken matter infall. Second, we explore towhat degree geometric-optics maps can reveal the underdensities in the intrinsic,non-luminous matter distribution of cosmic voids.We carry out cosmological $N$-body simulations, building merger-history trees forthe simulated haloes and populate them with galaxies using semi-analytical recipes. The same tools are employed on the Bolshoi simulation for a significantly increasedmass resolution. Voids are identified using watershed algorithms. Based on an$N$-body realisation we estimate a surface overdensity map and maps of weakgravitational lensing and geometric-optics scalar variables. We propose a heuristicalgorithm with which we identify voids in the projected radial profiles of thesedetector variables.While we do not find evidence that an elaphrocentric position weakens matter infall, we do find a significantly later formation epoch of galaxies in voids. We find void galaxies being of lower mass, smaller and having a higher spin parameter. Galaxies modelled in the Bolshoi simulation also yield later formation epochs of haloes in voids and, for halo masses $M_{\mathrm{vir}} \gtapprox 10^{10} M_\odot/h$, higherspin parameters for galaxies in underdense environments. The differences in theBolshoi simulation are found for sub--cluster-mass haloes, i.e. masses below$\sim M_{\mathrm{vir}} = 10^{10} M_\odot/h$--$10^{11} M_\odot/h$. For a fixed mass,the Bolshoi simulation analysis yields a significantly higher stellar mass ingalaxies in the dense regions. Overall, we find that the isolated environment ofa void yields quantifiable effects on galaxy formation.In our geometric-optics work, our heuristic algorithm shows that maps of theweak-lensing tangential shear, the Sachs expansion and the Sachs shear modulussignificantly reveal the centres of the underlying three-dimensionalwatershed-detected voids. In this thesis, we have shown that the cosmic voidenvironment yields measurable differences in galaxy properties compared togalaxies found in denser regions. Moreover, we have extended the prospects forthe observational detection of voids to the use of geometric-optics maps, as wefind preliminary evidence that our algorithm provides a viable technique thatshould provide predictions for spectroscopic survey followups.
Bipartite Fluctuations and Topology of Dirac and Weyl Systems
Creators: name: Herviou, Loïc
name: Hur, Karyn Le
name: Mora, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bipartite fluctuations can provide interesting information about entanglement properties and correlations in many-body quantum systems. We address such fluctuations in relation with the topology of Dirac and Weyl quantum systems, in situations where the relevant particle number is not conserved, leading to additional volume laws scaling with the Quantum Fisher information. Through the example of the $p+ip$ superconductor, we build a relation between charge fluctuations and the associated winding numbers of Dirac cones in the low-energy sector. Topological aspects of the Hamiltonian in the vicinity of these points induce long-range entanglement in real space. We provide a detailed analysis of such fluctuation properties, including the role of gap anisotropy, and discuss higher-dimensional Weyl analogues.
description: 21 pages, incl. 5 of Appendices. All comments welcome
Direct measurement of hyperfine shifts and radiofrequency manipulation of the nuclear spins in individual CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots
Creators: name: Ragunathan, G.
name: Kobak, J.
name: Gillard, G.
name: Pacuski, W.
name: Sobczak, K.
name: Borysiuk, J.
name: Skolnick, M. S.
name: Chekhovich, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We achieve direct detection of electron hyperfine shifts in individual CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots. For the previously inaccessible regime of strong magnetic fields $B_z\gtrsim0.1$ T, we demonstrate robust polarization of a few-hundred-particle nuclear spin bath, with optical initialization time of $\sim$ 1 ms and polarization lifetime exceeding $\sim$ 1 s. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of individual dots reveals strong electron-nuclear interactions characterized by the Knight fields $|B_e|\gtrsim50$ mT, an order of magnitude stronger than in III-V semiconductor quantum dots. Our studies confirm II-VI semiconductor quantum dots as a promising platform for hybrid electron-nuclear spin quantum registers, combining the excellent optical properties comparable to III-V dots, and the dilute nuclear spin environment similar to group-IV semiconductors.
Additional file 2: of Diagnostic accuracy of molecular methods for detecting markers of antimalarial drug resistance in clinical samples of Plasmodium falciparum: protocol for an update to a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burrow, Rebekah
name: Fanshawe, Thomas
name: Humphreys, Georgina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Piloted screening checklist. (DOCX 13â kb)
Market Segmentation Through Information
Creators: name: Elliott, M.
name: Galeotti., A.
name: Koh., A.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: Information design
market segmentation
price discrimination

description: Prodigious amounts of data are being collected by internet companies about their users' preferences. We consider the information design problem of how to share this information with traditional companies which, in turn, compete on price by offering personalised discounts to customers. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition under which the internet company is able to perfectly segment and monopolise all such markets. This condition is surprisingly mild, and suggests room for regulatory oversight.
On the motive of intersections of two Grassmannians in ${\mathbb{P}}^9$
Creators: name: Laterveer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C15, 14C25, 14C30

description: Using intersections of two Grassmannians in ${\mathbb{P}}^9$, Ottem-Rennemo and Borisov-Căldăraru-Perry have exhibited pairs of Calabi-Yau threefolds $X$ and $Y$ that are deformation equivalent, L-equivalent and derived equivalent, but not birational. To complete the picture, we show that $X$ and $Y$ have isomorphic Chow motives.
description: 26 pages, comments welcome
Polybothrus sissii Latzel 1880, n. sp.
Creators: name: A. Kanellis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1959
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Lithobiida
Lithobiidae
Polybothrus
Polybothrus sissii

description: 89. Polybothrus sissii n. sp.
Männchen 32 mm. lang. Körper gelbbraun. Rücken glänzend, unbehaart. Antennen 38-gliedrig, in der Endhälfte die meisten Glieder länger als breit.
Coxosternum der Kieferfüsse mit 8+8 Zähnen, hinter welchen keine Bürste vorkommt, sondern nur die gewöhnliehe Beborstung. Die Tergite 9, 11, 13 sind hinten in Fortsätzen erweitert. 6. und 7. Tergite völlig ohne Fortsätze.
Endbeine mit einfacher Endkralle.
Hüften der 14. 15. Beinpaare mit einem Seitenstachel.
1. Beinpaar 3 2 2/3 2 2 15. Beinpaar 1 0 3 1 0/1 1 3 2 2
Gonopoden länglich, stabförmig, ungegliedert, reichlich beborstet.
Genitalsternit hinten durch tiefem dreieckigem Einschnitt in zwei Lappen abgesetzt.
Coxaldrüsen mit zahlreichen Poren.
Präfemur der Endbeine an der inneren Seite mit einer tiefen Längsiurche und zahlreichen Borsten, fast ohne Drüsenporen.
Am Femur und Tibia beschränken sich die Drüsenporen auf die ventrale Seite.
Femur längs und seitlich gefurchtet und am Ende ein kleines Haarbüschel.
Diese Art entdeckte ich am 12.3.37 bei Achmet Aga in Nord Euboea.
description: Published as part of A. Kanellis, 1959, Die Chilopodenfauna Griechenlands, pp. 1-56 in Scientific Annals of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, University of Thessaloniki 1 on pages 30-31
Properties of Green Valley Galaxies at Redshift of Z < 0.1 in Relation to their Selection Criteria
Creators: name: Nyiransengiyumva, Beatrice
name: Mirjana Povi ́c
name: Pheneas Nkundabakura
name: Mahoro, Antoine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: galaxies: active
galaxies: star formation
galaxies: fundamental parameters
galaxies: evolution

description: The bi-modality in the distribution of galaxies usually obtained from color-color or color-mass
 diagrams has been studied to show the difference between the "blue cloud" and "red sequence"
 galaxies and to define the Green Valley (GV) region. However, there are still many open
 questions regarding the importance of the green valley for understanding the morphological
 transformation and evolution of galaxies, how galaxies change from late-type to early-type
 and the role of AGN in galaxy formation and evolution scenario especially in the green valley.
 The study focused on studying in more details different green valley selection criteria used
 in previous works as well as differences between them and how the initial selection of green
 valley galaxies could affect the final results and conclusions. The main findings were that
 the stellar mass was higher in GV samples selected in UV than the GV samples selected in
 optical while the star formation rate as well as the specific star formation rate were higher
 in GV samples selected in optical than the GV samples selected in UV. The morphological
 classification of the GV selected samples have been obtained and galaxies were classified into
 spirals, ellipticals and uncertain galaxies and the results suggested that most of the objects in
 the GV are spirals or have an uncertain visual morphology.
Lithobius grossipes
Creators: name: C. L. Koch
Publisher: name: Pustet
Year: 1847
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Lithobiomorpha
Lithobiidae
Lithobius
Lithobius grossipes

description: 2. L. grossipes.
Flacher als L. forficutus, sehr glänzend, Kopf und Rückenschilde des Körpers ungemein fein und ungleich punktirt. Die zwei
hintern Augen sehr gross, die vordern gedrängt und klein. Fühler rauh filzig behaart, mit 46 Gliedern. Die Lippentaster geglättet, sehr glänzend. Die zwei vordern Zwischenschilde des Hinterleibes mit geradem Hinterrande, die folgenden an den Hinterrandswinkeln mit einem stufenweise grössern Zahne. Das vorletzte Beinpaar so lang als die Schleppbeine, aber merklich dicker als diese. Durchaus bräunlichgelb, Unterseite und Beine heller als oben, in der Mitte der Hauptrückenschilde ein spitzkegelförlniger Fleck, und ein Streiffleck an den Seiten braunschwarz. Länge 15-17'''.
Vaterland. Bei Triest.
description: Published as part of C. L. Koch, 1847, System der Myriapoden, pp. 146-152 in Familie I. Lithobien, Regensburg :Pustet on pages 146-147
Vibrational damping effects on electronic energy relaxation in molecular aggregates
Creators: name: Jakučionis, Mantas
name: Chorošajev, Vladimir
name: Abramavičius, Darius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Representation of molecular vibrational degrees of freedom by independent harmonic oscillators, when describing electronic spectra or electronic excitation energy transport, raises unfavourable effects as vibrational energy relaxation becomes inaccessible. A standard theoretical description is extended in this paper by including both electronic-phonon and vibrational-phonon couplings. Using this approach we have simulated a model pigment-protein system and have shown that intermode coupling leads to the quenching of pigment vibrational modes, and to the redistribution of fluctuation spectral density with respect to the electronic excitations. Moreover, new energy relaxation pathways, opened by the vibrational-phonon interaction, allow to reach the electronic excited state equilibrium quicker in the naturally occurring water soluble chlorophyll binding protein (WSCP) aggregate, demonstrating the significance that the damping of molecular vibrations has for the intrarmolecular energy relaxation process rate.
Zero field muon spin lattice relaxation rate in a Heisenberg ferromagnet at low temperature
Creators: name: de Reotier, P. Dalmas
name: Yaouanc, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a theoretical framework to compute the zero field muon spin relaxation rate of a Heisenberg ferromagnet at low temperature. We use the linear spin wave approximation. The rate, which is a measure of the spin lattice relaxation induced by the magnetic fluctuations along the easy axis, allows one to estimate the magnon stiffness constant.
description: REVTeX 3.0 manuscript, 5 pages, no figure. Published in Phys. Rev. B 52, 9155 (1995)
Rating the Competition: Seller Ratings and Intra-Platform Competition
Creators: name: Charlson, G.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: Networks
strategic interaction
network games
interventions
industrial organisation
platforms

description: Product ratings are commonplace on large online platforms, like Airbnb and Amazon Marketplace. One use for these ratings is to order search results. Platform owners are able to choose the extent to which ratings can be used to determine the probability a given seller is observed by a sets of buyers. Since demand is higher for high quality products, there is an incentive to increase the probability that highly-rated sellers are observed by biasing search results towards them. However, biasing search results in this way results in competition being more concentrated, reducing prices. The extent to which it is profitable to use ratings as a means of ordering search results depends on the properties of the market(s) the platform operates in.
Additional file 4: of Altered pain processing in people with type I and II diabetes: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of pain threshold and pain modulation mechanisms
Creators: name: Sierra-Silvestre, Eva
name: Bisset, Leanne
name: Coppieters, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Downs and Black modified critical appraisal tool. This additional file shows the modified version of the Downs and Black critical appraisal tool to be used for the systematic review. (DOCX 29 kb)
An Estimate of Twist-Four Contributions at Small x and Low Q^2
Creators: name: Bartels, Jochen
name: Bontus, Claas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first study of gluonic twist-four corrections to the deep inelastic structure function F_2 at small x and small Q^2. The calculations are based upon the double logarithmic approximation of the coupled twist-four evolution equations of the gluonic twist-four operators that are expected to be dominant at small x. We first review the analytical results which are presently available and define the framework of our calculation. In the second part we discuss the connection with DIS diffractive dissociation which can be used to estimate the size of some of the twist-four corrections. In the final part we show, for three different choices of the input distributions, the relative magnitude of the leading-twist and the twist-four contributions.
description: 46 pages, 17 figures, 5 tables, LaTeX, AMSMath, requires bm.sty
Metastable quark-antiquark droplets within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Mishustin, I. N.
name: Satarov, L. M.
name: Stoecker, H.
name: Greiner, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemically non-equilibrated quark-antiquark matter is studied within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The equations of state of non-strange (q=u,d) and strange (q=s) quark-antiquark systems are calculated in the mean-field approximation. The existence of metastable bound states with zero pressure is predicted at finite densities and temperatures less than about 50 MeV. It is shown that the minimum energy per particle occurs for symmetric systems, with equal densities of quarks and antiquarks. At T=0 these metastable states have quark number densities of about 0.5 fm^-3 for q=u,d and of 1 fm^-3 for q=s. A first order chiral phase transition is found at finite densities and temperatures. The critical temperature for this phase transition is approximately 75 MeV (90 MeV) for the non-strange (strange) baryon-free quark-antiquark matter. For realistic choices of parameters, the model does not predict the phase transition in chemically equilibrated systems. Possible decay channels of the metastable quark-antiquark droplets and their signatures in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed.
description: 31 pages, 11 PostScript figures, ReVTeX
Electrification and Welfare for the Marginalized: Evidence from India
Creators: name: Kumar Sedai, A.
name: Jamasb, T.
name: Nepal, R.
name: Miller, R.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: Electricity access
Electricity reliability
Instrumental variables
Marginalized groups
Welfare

description: Uneven electrication can be a source of welfare disparity. Given the recent progress of electrication in India, we analyze the differences in access and reliability of electricity, and its impact on household welfare for marginalized and dominant social groups by caste and religion. We carry out longitudinal analysis from a national survey, 2005-2012, using OLS, fixed effects, and panel instrumental variable regressions. Our analysis shows that marginalized groups (Hindu Schedule Caste/Schedule Tribe and Muslims) had higher likelihood of electricity access compared to the dominant groups (Hindu forward castes and Other Backward Caste). In terms of electricity reliability, marginalized groups lost less electricity hours in a day as compared to dominant groups. Results showed that electrification enabled marginalized households to increase their consumption, assets and move out of poverty; the effects were more pronounced in rural areas. The findings are robust to alternative ways of measuring consumption, and use of more recent data set, 2015-2018. We posit that electri_cation improved the livelihoods of marginalized groups. However, it did not reduce absolute disparities among social groups.
Lithobius dentatus
Creators: name: C. L. Koch
Publisher: name: Pustet
Year: 1847
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Lithobiomorpha
Lithobiidae
Lithobius
Lithobius dentatus

description: 6. L. dentatus.
In den Formen mit L. forficatus übereinstimmend, auch die drei hintern Zwischenschilde des Körpers mit denselben Zahnläppchen an den Hinterrandwinkeln. Die Fühler mit 33 Gliedern. Kopf braun, mit einem dunklern Stirnfleck; Körper bräunlichgelb oder roströthlich, ein Streif auf dem Rücken schattig dunkeler. Die Schleppbeine röthlichgelb, die übrigen blassgelb, das zweite Glied der letztern bräunlich. Länge 5 3/4 - 6 ’’’.
Vaterland. Baiern.
description: Published as part of C. L. Koch, 1847, Kritische Revision der Insectenfauna Deutschlands, pp. 1-270 in System der Myriapoden, Regensburg :Pustet on page 148
Designing Efficient Renewable Electricity Support Schemes
Creators: name: Newbery, D.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: renewables support schemes
distortions
auctions
yardstick contracts

description: Most existing renewables support schemes distort location and dispatch decisions. Many impose unnecessary risk on developers, increasing support costs. Efficient policy sets the right carbon price, supports capacity not output, ensures efficient dispatch and location. The EU bans priority dispatch and requires market-based bidding, but does not address the underlying problem that payment is conditional on generation, amplifying incentives to locate in high resource sites. This article identifies the various distortions and proposes an auctioned contract to address location and dispatch distortions: a financial Contract for Difference (CfD) with hourly contracted volume proportional to local renewable output/MW, with a life specified in MWh/MW, adjusted for regional variations in correlation with total renewable output. This yardstick CfD delivers efficient dispatch while assuring but limiting the total amount of subsidy and not over-compensating high resource sites. The revenue assurance, with a government-backed counterparty, allows high debt:equity, dramatically lowering the subsidy cost.
Predictive Model of Hydrogen Trapping and Bubbling in Nanovoids in BCC Metals
Creators: name: Hou, Jie
name: Kong, Xiang-Shan
name: Wu, Xuebang
name: Song, Jun
name: Liu, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interplay between hydrogen and nanovoids, despite long-recognized as a central aspect in hydrogen-induced damages in structural materials, remains poorly understood. Focusing on tungsten as a model BCC system, the present study, for the first time, explicitly demonstrated sequential adsorption of hydrogen adatoms on Wigner-Seitz squares of nanovoids with distinct energy levels. Interaction between hydrogen adatoms on the nanovoid surface is shown to be dominated by pairwise power law repulsion. A predictive model was established for quantitative prediction of configurations and energetics of hydrogen adatoms in nanovoids. This model, further combined with equation of states of hydrogen gas, enables prediction of hydrogen molecule formation in nanovoids. Multiscale simulations based on the predictive model were performed, showing excellent agreement with experiments. This work clarifies fundamental physics and provides full-scale predictive model for hydrogen trapping and bubbling in nanovoids, offering long-sought mechanistic insights crucial for understanding hydrogen-induced damages in structural materials.
Additional file 1 of Gender disparity in critical care publications: a novel Female First Author Index
Creators: name: Chary, Sowmya
name: Amrein, Karin
name: Soeteman, Djøra I.
name: Mehta, Sangeeta
name: Christopher, Kenneth B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Cardiology

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental Methods.
Lithobius impressus
Creators: name: C. L. Koch
Publisher: name: Pustet
Year: 1847
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Lithobiomorpha
Lithobiidae
Lithobius
Lithobius impressus

description: 4. L. impressus.
M. Wagners Reisen in Algier. III. 224.
description: Published as part of C. L. Koch, 1847, Kritische Revision der Insectenfauna Deutschlands, pp. 1-270 in System der Myriapoden, Regensburg :Pustet on page 148
Effect of viscosity on one dimensional hydrodynamic flow and direct photons from 200 AGeV S+Au collisions at CERN SPS
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed the direct photon data obtained by the WA80 collaboration in 200 A GeV S+Au collision at CERN SPS, in a one dimensional hydrodynamical model. Two scenario was considered: (i) formation of quark-gluon plasma and (ii) formation of hot hadronic gas. For both the scenario, ideal as well as extremely viscous fluid was considered. It was found that direct photon yield from QGP is not affected much whether the fluid is treated as ideal or extremely viscous. The yield however differ substantially if hadron gas is produced. Both the scenario do not give satisfactory description of the data.
description: 4 pages text and 2 figures
Asymmetric Dark Stars and Neutron Star Stability
Creators: name: Gresham, Moira I.
name: Zurek, Kathryn M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider gravitationally bound states of asymmetric dark matter (ADM stars), and the impact of ADM capture on the stability of neutron stars. We derive and interpret the equation of state for ADM with both attractive and repulsive interactions, and solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations to find equilibrium sequences and maximum masses of ADM stars. Gravitational wave searches can utilize our solutions to model exotic compact objects (ECOs). Our results for attractive interactions differ substantially from those in the literature, where fermionic ADM with attractive self-interactions was employed to destabilize neutron stars more effectively than non-interacting fermionic ADM. By contrast, we argue that fermionic ADM with an attractive force is no more effective in destabilizing neutron stars than fermionic ADM with no self-interactions.
description: 9 pages plus 2 appendices (15 pages total), 7 figures, 1 table
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of bazedoxifene in preventing glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Creators: name: Cho, Soo-Kyung
name: Kim, Hyoungyoung
name: Lee, Jiyoung
name: Nam, Eunwoo
name: Lee, Seunghun
name: Choi, Yun Young
name: Sung, Yoon-Kyoung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Study design.
Lithobius montanus
Creators: name: C. L. Koch
Publisher: name: Pustet
Year: 1847
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chilopoda
Lithobiomorpha
Lithobiidae
Lithobius
Lithobius montanus

description: 5. L. montanus.
Flach, der vierte Hauptschild des Körpers und die vier hintern Zwischenschilde mit einem sehr grossen, scharfen Zahne an den Hinterrandwiukeln. Die Fühler sehr lang, mit 47 Gliedern. Die Schleppbeine dünn und sehr lang. Durchau bräunlich rostgelb, die vier Hinterbeine von derselben Farbe, die übrigen hellgelb. Länge 17 ’’’.
Vaterland. Im südlichen Tyrol.
description: Published as part of C. L. Koch, 1847, Kritische Revision der Insectenfauna Deutschlands, pp. 1-270 in System der Myriapoden, Regensburg :Pustet on page 148
News Entropy
Creators: name: Kuhlen, N.
name: Preston, A.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021

description: We introduce the concept of ’news entropy’ to characterise the relationship between news coverage and the economy. Intuitively, news entropy decreases as the news focus on a smaller set of pressing topics. We observe that news entropy exhibits clear negative spikes close to important economic, financial, and political events. Investigating the effect of changes in news entropy, we find that decreases are associated with two key features: an increase in uncertainty measures and a macroeconomic contraction. The variable is priced in the cross-section of stock returns and low news entropy is associated with increased stock price volatility at the firm level.
Higher spin vortical Zilches from Kubo formulae
Creators: name: Copetti, Christian
name: Fernández-Pendás, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute thermal one point functions in Maxwell's theory sourced by vorticity for the Zilch and its higher spin extensions via the Kubo formalism. This leads to a generalization of the recent results of \citep{Chernodub:2018era} to any spin and their value suggests a relation with possible anomalies for the higher spin tower of currents.
description: 6 pages + 3 pages of supplemental materials
Additional file 2 of Effectiveness of bazedoxifene in preventing glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Creators: name: Cho, Soo-Kyung
name: Kim, Hyoungyoung
name: Lee, Jiyoung
name: Nam, Eunwoo
name: Lee, Seunghun
name: Choi, Yun Young
name: Sung, Yoon-Kyoung
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Change in BMD and TBS from baseline to 12 months in the total patient: within- and between-group comparisons (n = 114).
Consistent Testing for an Implication of Supermodular Dominance
Creators: name: Chung, D.
name: Linton, O.
name: Whang Y-J.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: Supermodularity
Supermodular Dominance
Stochastic Dominance
Bootstrap
Contact Set
COVID-19
Patent Citation

description: Supermodularity, or complementarity, is a popular concept in economics which can characterize many objective functions, including utility, social welfare, and production functions. Further, supermodular dominance captures a preference for greater interdependence among inputs of those functions, and it can be applied to examine which input set would produce higher expected utility, social welfare, or production. However, contrary to the profuse literature on supermodularity, to the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work on either testing or empirical analysis for supermodular dominance. In this paper, we propose a consistent test for a useful implication of supermodular dominance and suggest a correlation dominance testing for Gaussian random variables as a special case. The test is based on a novel bootstrap critical value, which has potentially enhanced power performance by exploiting the information on the contact set on which the null hypothesis is binding. We also conduct Monte Carlo simulations to explore the finite sample performance of our tests. We then apply our test to analyze two economic questions. We first investigate whether the interdependence of stock returns among major firms has increased after the COVID-19, and find evidence supporting this conjecture. We also compare the interdependence of patent citations depending on distance, where greater interdependence can imply greater expected social welfare effect. The results suggest that, in most cases, between-state citations seem to have greater interdependence than within-state citations, implying that lively interaction between firms across states might engender greater expected social welfare than knowledge spillover within a geographically confined area.
Supersymmetry in Particle Physics: The Renormalization Group Viewpoint
Creators: name: Kazakov, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An attempt is made to present modern hopes to find manifestation of supersymmetry, a new symmetry that relates bosons and fermions, in particle physics from the point of view of renormalization group flow. The Standard Model of particle interactions is briefly reviewed, the main notions of supersymmetry are introduced. In more detail the RG flow in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is considered. Predictions of particle spectrum are obtained based on the RG fixed points.
description: 45 pages, LaTeX, 11 .eps figures, review talk given at the Conference ``Renormalization Group at the Turn of the Millennium'', Taxco, Mexico, January 1999
Equilibration of Quantum hall edges in symmetry broken bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Kumar, Chandan
name: Srivastav, Saurabh Kumar
name: Das, Anindya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Equilibration of quantum Hall edges is studied in a high quality dual gated bilayer graphene device in both unipolar and bipolar regime when all the degeneracies of the zero energy Landau level are completely lifted. We find that in the unipolar regime when the filling factor under the top gate region is higher than the back gate filling factor, the equilibration is partial based on their spin polarization. However, the complete mixing of the edge states is observed in the bipolar regime irrespective of their spin configurations due to the Landau level collapsing at the sharp pn junction in our thin hBN (~ 15 nm) encapsulated device, in consistent with the existing theory.
Holography and Compactification
Creators: name: Verlinde, Herman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following a recent suggestion by Randall and Sundrum, we consider string compactification scenarios in which a compact slice of AdS-space arises as a subspace of the compactification manifold. A specific example is provided by the type II orientifold equivalent to type I theory on (orbifolds of) $T^6$, upon taking into account the gravitational backreaction of the D3-branes localized inside the $T^6$. The conformal factor of the four-dimensional metric depends exponentially on one of the compact directions, which, via the holographic correspondence, becomes identified with the renormalization group scale in the uncompactified world. This set-up can be viewed as a generalization of the AdS/CFT correspondence to boundary theories that include gravitational dynamics. A striking consequence is that, in this scenario, the fundamental Planck size string and the large N QCD string appear as (two different wavefunctions of) one and the same object.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Hell with the Lid Off: Racial Segregation and Environmental Equity in America’s Most Polluted City
Creators: name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
name: Mathews, William
name: Walsh, Randall
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: racial segregation
subject: environmental equity
subject: economic inequalities
subject: capitalization of air pollution

description: This study examines the relationship between racial segregation and environmental equity in Pittsburgh from 1910 to 1940. Utilizing newly digitized historical data on the spatial distribution of air pollution in what was likely America’s most polluted city, we analyze how racial disparities in exposure to air pollution evolved during this period of heightening segregation. Our findings reveal that black residents experi- enced significantly higher levels of pollution compared to their white counterparts, and this disparity increased over time. We identify within-city moves as a critical factor exacerbating this inequity, with black movers facing increased pollution expo- sure. In contrast, European immigrants, who were also initially exposed to relatively high levels of pollution, experience declining exposure as they assimilate over this time period. We also provide evidence of the capitalization of air pollution into hous- ing markets. Taken as a whole, our results underscore the importance of considering environmental factors in discussions of racial and economic inequalities.
Contacts, Altruism and Competing Externalities
Creators: name: Toxvaerd, F.M.O.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2021
Subjects: Epidemics
altruism
infection externalities
socioeconomic externalities
disease control

description: This paper considers voluntary transmissive contacts between partially altruistic individuals in the presence of asymptomatic infection. Two different types of externalities from contacts are considered, infection externalities and socioeconomic externalities. When contacts are incidental, then externalities work through disease propagation. When contacts are essential, both infection and socioeconomic externalities are present. It is shown that for incidental contacts, equilibrium involves suboptimally high exposure whereas for essential contacts, equilibrium exposure is suboptimally low. An increase in altruism may thus increase or decrease disease transmission, depending on the type of contact under consideration. The analysis implies that policy to manage the epidemic should differentiate between different types of tranmissive activities.