cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sim4CV: A Photo-Realistic Simulator for Computer Vision Applications
Creators: name: Müller, Matthias
name: Casser, Vincent
name: Lahoud, Jean
name: Smith, Neil
name: Ghanem, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a photo-realistic training and evaluation simulator (Sim4CV) with extensive applications across various fields of computer vision. Built on top of the Unreal Engine, the simulator integrates full featured physics based cars, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and animated human actors in diverse urban and suburban 3D environments. We demonstrate the versatility of the simulator with two case studies: autonomous UAV-based tracking of moving objects and autonomous driving using supervised learning. The simulator fully integrates both several state-of-the-art tracking algorithms with a benchmark evaluation tool and a deep neural network (DNN) architecture for training vehicles to drive autonomously. It generates synthetic photo-realistic datasets with automatic ground truth annotations to easily extend existing real-world datasets and provides extensive synthetic data variety through its ability to reconfigure synthetic worlds on the fly using an automatic world generation tool. The supplementary video can be viewed a https://youtu.be/SqAxzsQ7qUU
description: Published at the International Journal of Computer Vision (IJCV), 2018
Nonlinear Stability of Relative Equilibria and Isomorphic Vector Fields
Creators: name: Klajbor-Goderich, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present applications of the notion of isomorphic vector fields to the study of nonlinear stability of relative equilibria. Isomorphic vector fields were introduced by Hepworth [Theory Appl. Categ. 22 (2009), 542-587] in his study of vector fields on differentiable stacks. Here we argue in favor of the usefulness of replacing an equivariant vector field by an isomorphic one to study nonlinear stability of relative equilibria. In particular, we use this idea to obtain a criterion for nonlinear stability. As an application, we offer an alternative proof of Montaldi and Rodríguez-Olmos's criterion [arXiv:1509.04961] for stability of Hamiltonian relative equilibria.
Noncommutative geometry inspired black holes in Rastall gravity
Creators: name: Ma, Meng-Sen
name: Zhao, Ren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under two different metric ansatzes, the noncommutative geometry inspired black holes (NCBH) in the framework of Rastall gravity are derived and analyzed. We consider the fluid-type matter with the Gaussian-distribution smeared mass density. Taking a Schwarzschild-like metric ansatz, it is shown that the noncommutative geometry inspired Schwarzschild black hole (NCSBH) in Rastall gravity, unlike its counterpart in general relativity (GR), is not a regular black hole. It has at most one event horizon. After showing a finite maximal temperature, the black hole will leave behind a point-like massive remnant at zero temperature. Considering a more general metric ansatz and a special equation of state of the matter, we also find a regular NCBH in Rastall gravity, which has a similar geometric structure and temperature to that of NCSBH in GR.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. to match the published version
Byttneria scabra Linnaeus 1759
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malvales
Malvaceae
Byttneria
Byttneria scabra

description: Byttneria scabra Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 939. 1759.
["Habitat in America meridionali."] Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1: 284 (1762). RCN: 1588.
Type not designated.
Original material: none traced.
 Current name: Byttneria scabra L. (Sterculiaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 369, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Trentepohlia jolithus Wallr.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Chlorophyta
Chlorophyceae
Trentepohliales
Trentepohliaceae
Trentepohlia
Trentepohlia jolithus

description: Byssus jolithus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1169. 1753.
"Habitat in Europae frigidae sylvis opacis, supra saxa ante unum alterumve annuum eversa & supinata." RCN: 8406.
 Lectotype (Irvine in Spencer & al. in Taxon, in press): [icon] " Byssus Germanica, minima, saxatilis, aurea, Violae Martiae odorem spirans " in Micheli, Nov. Pl. Gen.: 210, t. 89, f. 3. 1729.
 Generitype of Byssus Linnaeus, nom. rej. (vide Fries, Stirp. Agri Femsio: 42. 1825).
 Current name: Trentepohlia jolithus (L.) Wallr. (Trentepohliaceae).
 Note: Byssus Linnaeus, nom. rej. vs. Trentepohlia Mart.
 See comments by Ross & Irvine (in Taxon 16: 185. 1967) and Silva (l.c. 29: 144. 1980).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 369, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Orbital Characteristics of the Subdwarf-B and F V Star Binary EC~20117-4014(=V4640 Sgr)
Creators: name: Otani, T.
name: Oswalt, T.
name: Lynas-Gray, A. E.
name: Kilkenny, D.
name: Koen, K.
name: Amaral, M.
name: Jordan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the competing evolution theories for subdwarf-B (sdB) stars is the binary evolution scenario. EC~20117-4014 (=V4640~Sgr) is a spectroscopic binary system consisting of a pulsating sdB star and a late F main-sequence companion (O'Donoghue et al. 1997), however the period and the orbit semi-major axes have not been precisely determined. This paper presents orbital characteristics of the EC 20117-4014 binary system using 20 years of photometric data. Periodic Observed minus Calculated (O-C) variations were detected in the two highest amplitude pulsations identified in the EC 20117-4014 power spectrum, indicating the binary system's precise orbital period (P = 792.3 days) and the light-travel time amplitude (A = 468.9 s). This binary shows no significant orbital eccentricity and the upper limit of the eccentricity is 0.025 (using 3 $σ$ as an upper limit). This upper limit of the eccentricity is the lowest among all wide sdB binaries with known orbital parameters. This analysis indicated that the sdB is likely to have lost its hydrogen envelope through stable Roche lobe overflow, thus supporting hypotheses for the origin of sdB stars. In addition to those results, the underlying pulsation period change obtained from the photometric data was $\dot{P}$ = 5.4 ($\pm$0.7) $\times$ $10^{-14}$ d d$^{-1}$, which shows that the sdB is just before the end of the core helium-burning phase.
Academic Self-Concept and Self-Regulation Predictors of English Academic Performance
Creators: name: Puertos, Liberty G.
name: Puertos, Jolly D.
name: Education, Psychology and
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170103 Educational Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 160506 Education Policy
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Education
subject: 160809 Sociology of Education
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Teaching English in a public high school is a challenging task since some of the students hardly comprehend the language. This study was conducted to determine if academic self-concept and self-regulation have a significant influence on the English academic achievement of Grade 8 students. The study utilized the mixed-method research design utilizing a total of 150 Grade 8 students. The study used the total enumeration technique. The data were obtained through the use of adapted survey questionnaires. Grades were used for English academic achievement, and focus group discussion was employed to determine the experiences of the students in planning, monitoring, and evaluating. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, multiple regression, and thematic analysis were used in the analyses of the data. The results of the study reveal that the academic self-concept and self-regulation in terms of planning, monitoring, and evaluating significantly predict the English academic achievement of the students. This means that the English academic achievement of the students can be optimized by enhancing the academic self- concept so that the students will become more confident to express their ideas and be more active learning participants in the classroom.
Pogonatum aloides P. Beauv.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Polytrichales
Polytrichaceae
Pogonatum
Pogonatum aloides

description: Byssus velutina Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 1168. 1753.
"Habitat in Terra." RCN: 8401.
 Lectotype (Newton in Spencer & al. in Taxon, in press): [icon] " Byssus tenerrima viridis, velutum referens " in Dillenius, Hist. Musc.: 7, t. 1, f. 14. 1741. - Voucher: Herb. Dillenius (OXF).
 Current name: Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae).
 Note: According to Druce & Vines (Dill. Herb.: 215. 1907), voucher material in the Dillenian herbarium linked with the corresponding cited illustration is identifiable as the moss, Polytrichum aloides Hedw. (syn. Pogonatum aloides (Hedw.) P. Beauv.).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part B), pp. 343-369 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 369, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Electromagnetic charge radius of the pion at high precision
Creators: name: Ananthanarayan, B.
name: Caprini, Irinel
name: Das, Diganta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a determination of the pion charge radius from high precision data on the pion vector form factor from both timelike and spacelike regions, using a novel formalism based on analyticity and unitarity. At low energies, instead of the poorly known modulus of the form factor, we use its phase, known with high accuracy from Roy equations for $ππ$ elastic scattering via the Fermi-Watson theorem. We use also the values of the modulus at several higher timelike energies, where the data from $e^+e^-$-annihilation and $τ$-decay are mutually consistent, as well as the most recent measurements at spacelike momenta. The experimental uncertainties are implemented by Monte-Carlo simulations. The results, which do not rely on a specific parametrization, are optimal for the given input information and do not depend on the unknown phase of the form factor above the first inelastic threshold. Our prediction for the charge radius of the pion is $r_π=(0.657 \pm 0.003) \fm $, which amounts to an increase in precision by a factor of about 2.7 compared to the PDG average.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected, citations added, version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
On geodesic ray bundles in buildings
Creators: name: Marquis, Timothée
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F67, 03E15

description: Let $X$ be a building, identified with its Davis realisation. In this paper, we provide for each $x\in X$ and each $η$ in the visual boundary $\partial X$ of $X$ a description of the geodesic ray bundle $Geo(x,η)$, namely, of the reunion of all combinatorial geodesic rays (corresponding to infinite minimal galleries in the chamber graph of $X$) starting from $x$ and pointing towards $η$. When $X$ is locally finite and hyperbolic, we show that the symmetric difference between $Geo(x,η)$ and $Geo(y,η)$ is always finite, for $x,y\in X$ and $η\in\partial X$. This gives a positive answer to a question of Huang, Sabok and Shinko in the setting of buildings. Combining their results with a construction of Bourdon, we obtain examples of hyperbolic groups $G$ with Kazhdan's property (T) such that the $G$-action on its Gromov boundary is hyperfinite.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures; minor improvements and corrections, appendix added
Topology Reduction in Deep Convolutional Feature Extraction Networks
Creators: name: Wiatowski, Thomas
name: Grohs, Philipp
name: Bölcskei, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) used in practice employ potentially hundreds of layers and $10$,$000$s of nodes. Such network sizes entail significant computational complexity due to the large number of convolutions that need to be carried out; in addition, a large number of parameters needs to be learned and stored. Very deep and wide CNNs may therefore not be well suited to applications operating under severe resource constraints as is the case, e.g., in low-power embedded and mobile platforms. This paper aims at understanding the impact of CNN topology, specifically depth and width, on the network's feature extraction capabilities. We address this question for the class of scattering networks that employ either Weyl-Heisenberg filters or wavelets, the modulus non-linearity, and no pooling. The exponential feature map energy decay results in Wiatowski et al., 2017, are generalized to $\mathcal{O}(a^{-N})$, where an arbitrary decay factor $a>1$ can be realized through suitable choice of the Weyl-Heisenberg prototype function or the mother wavelet. We then show how networks of fixed (possibly small) depth $N$ can be designed to guarantee that $((1-\varepsilon)\cdot 100)\%$ of the input signal's energy are contained in the feature vector. Based on the notion of operationally significant nodes, we characterize, partly rigorously and partly heuristically, the topology-reducing effects of (effectively) band-limited input signals, band-limited filters, and feature map symmetries. Finally, for networks based on Weyl-Heisenberg filters, we determine the prototype function bandwidth that minimizes---for fixed network depth $N$---the average number of operationally significant nodes per layer.
description: Corrected errors in arguments on spectral decay of Sobolev functions. Replaced part of the decay results (Sections 5-7) by corresponding statements for effectively band-limited functions
First-passage dynamics of linear stochastic interface models: weak-noise theory and influence of boundary conditions
Creators: name: Gross, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a one-dimensional fluctuating interfacial profile governed by the Edwards-Wilkinson or the stochastic Mullins-Herring equation for periodic, standard Dirichlet and Dirichlet no-flux boundary conditions. The minimum action path of an interfacial fluctuation conditioned to reach a given maximum height $M$ at a finite (first-passage) time $T$ is calculated within the weak-noise approximation. Dynamic and static scaling functions for the profile shape are obtained in the transient and the equilibrium regime, i.e., for first-passage times $T$ smaller or lager than the characteristic relaxation time, respectively. In both regimes, the profile approaches the maximum height $M$ with a universal algebraic time dependence characterized solely by the dynamic exponent of the model. It is shown that, in the equilibrium regime, the spatial shape of the profile depends sensitively on boundary conditions and conservation laws, but it is essentially independent of them in the transient regime.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures
Many-Body Quantum Dynamics in the Decay of Bent Dark Solitons of Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Katsimiga, G. C.
name: Mistakidis, S. I.
name: Koutentakis, G. M.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Schmelcher, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The beyond mean-field dynamics of a bent dark soliton embedded in a two-dimensional repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensate is explored. We examine the case of a single bent dark soliton comparing the mean-field dynamics to a correlated approach, the Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree method for Bosons. Dynamical snaking of this bent structure is observed, signaling the onset of fragmentation which becomes significant during the vortex nucleation. In contrast to the mean-field approximation "filling" of the vortex core is observed, leading in turn to the formation of filled-core vortices, instead of the mean-field vortex-antivortex pairs. The resulting smearing effect in the density is a rather generic feature, occurring when solitonic structures are exposed to quantum fluctuations. Here, we show that this filling owes its existence to the dynamical building of an antidark structure developed in the next-to-leading order orbital. We further demonstrate that the aforementioned beyond mean-field dynamics can be experimentally detected using the variance of single shot measurements. Additionally, a variety of excitations including vortices, oblique dark solitons, and open ring dark soliton-like structures building upon higher-lying orbitals is observed. We demonstrate that signatures of the higher-lying orbital excitations emerge in the total density, and can be clearly captured by inspecting the one-body coherence. In the latter context, the localization of one-body correlations exposes the existence of the multi-orbital vortex-antidark structure.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Surviving the Blitz: A Family's Resilience in Coventry
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Frank Hopkins was born in 1890 in Coventry and served in the First World War as a fire watcher. He worked through the local Christadelphians. After this, he worked at the Armstrong Sidley factory making ammunition during the Second World War. He married Mabel Lucas, and they had five children. Their son Len was called up to serve. The two youngest of the five, Gladys and Joan, were children during the war and were looked after by their mother. They remember Coventry before the war as a friendly and neighbourly place, though one which was shaken by an IRA bombing in August 1939. Mabel worked at the county court doing administrative and office work. It was a hard life. When the Blitz began, many of Gladys and Mabel's school friends were either killed or evacuated, but Mabel wouldn't allow them to evacuate as well. Instead, they went to air raid shelters in Coventry. Mabel was a very private person and had a strong sense of what shelters they should and should not go to, seemingly premonitions of which was safe, and which was not. In one case, she made them move because she feared her daughters mixing with drunk people, and that shelter was then bombed. In another case, she avoided the Gas Street shelter and it was bombed the same night. There was no gas and electricity across the city during the Blitz. Windows in their house were blown out by bombs and not replaced for the rest of the war. Joan never cried; Gladys could only cry silently.On the night the Cathedral was bombed, it went early in the night after being struck with too many incendiary bombs. They knew then, and had it confirmed in the morning, that the cathedral was hit even though it was not supposed to be a target. The same was true of the Coventry hospital. There were communal graves to handle all of the victims.
First-passage dynamics of linear stochastic interface models: numerical simulations and entropic repulsion effect
Creators: name: Gross, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fluctuating interfacial profile in one dimension is studied via Langevin simulations of the Edwards-Wilkinson equation with non-conserved noise and the Mullins-Herring equation with conserved noise. The profile is subject to either periodic or Dirichlet (no-flux) boundary conditions. We determine the noise-driven time-evolution of the profile between an initially flat configuration and the instant at which the profile reaches a given height $M$ for the first time. The shape of the averaged profile agrees well with the prediction of weak-noise theory (WNT), which describes the most-likely trajectory to a fixed first-passage time. Furthermore, in agreement with WNT, on average the profile approaches the height $M$ algebraically in time, with an exponent that is essentially independent of the boundary conditions. However, the actual value of the dynamic exponent turns out to be significantly smaller than predicted by WNT. This "renormalization" of the exponent is explained in terms of the entropic repulsion exerted by the impenetrable boundary on the fluctuations of the profile around its most-likely path. The entropic repulsion mechanism is analyzed in detail for a single (fractional) Brownian walker, which describes the anomalous diffusion of a tagged monomer of the interface as it approaches the absorbing boundary. The present study sheds light on the accuracy and the limitations of the weak-noise approximation for the description of the full first-passage dynamics.
description: 43 pages, 23 figures
Additional file 1 of Dynamic change of soluble interleukin-2 receptor distinguished molecular heterogeneity and microenvironment alterations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Creators: name: Huo, Yu-Jia
name: Xu, Peng-Peng
name: Wang, Li
name: Zhong, Hui-Juan
name: Fu, Di
name: Shi, Qing
name: Cheng, Shu
name: Wang, Shuo
name: Zhang, Mu-Chen
name: Zhao, Wei-Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Methods. Figure S1. Dynamic change of sIL-2R in DLBCL. Figure S2. Univariate and multivariate risk models in DLBCL according to sIL-2R dynamic change. Figure S3. Survival analysis in DLBCL according to sIL-2R dynamic change in patients risked by R-IPI. Figure S4. Genetic and lymphoma microenvironment features of sIL-2R subtypes. Table S1. Clinical and pathological characteristics of DLBCL patients. Table S2. Multivariate analysis and C-index for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in DLBCL. Table S3. Pathway alterations in RES subtype. Table S4. Pathway alterations in RET subtype.
Exploring the string axiverse and parity violation in gravity with gravitational waves
Creators: name: Yoshida, Daiske
name: Soda, Jiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the parametric resonance of gravitational waves occurs due to the axion coherent oscillation and the circular polarization of gravitational waves is induced by the Chern-Simons coupling. However, we have never observed these signatures in the data of gravitational waves. Using this fact, we give stringent constraints on the Chern-Simons coupling constant $\ell$ and the abundance of the light string axion. In particular, we improved the current bound $\ell\leq10^{8}\,\,{\rm km}$ by many orders of magnitude.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
title: Fabrication of Demineralized Bone Matrix/Polycaprolactone Composites Using Large Area Projection Sintering (LAPS)
Creators: name: Ziaee, Mohsen
name: Hershman, Rebecca
name: Mahmood, Ayesha
name: Crane, Nathan B.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: additive manufacturing
subject: LAPS
subject: demineralized bone matrix
subject: polycaprolactone
subject: tensile strength

description: Cadaveric decellularized bone tissue is utilized as an allograft in many musculoskeletal surgical procedures. Typically, the allograft acts as a scaffold to guide tissue regeneration with superior biocompatibility relative to synthetic scaffolds. Traditionally these scaffolds are machined into the required dimensions and shapes. However, the geometrical simplicity and, in some cases, limited dimensions of the donated tissue restrict the use of allograft scaffolds. This could be overcome by additive manufacturing using granulated bone that is both decellularized and demineralized. In this study, the large area projection sintering (LAPS) method is evaluated as a fabrication method to build porous structures composed of granulated cortical bone bound by polycaprolactone (PCL). This additive manufacturing method utilizes visible light to selectively cure the deposited material layer-by-layer to create 3D geometry. First, the spreading behavior of the composite mixtures is evaluated and the conditions to attain improved powder bed density to fabricate the test specimens are determined. The tensile strength of the LAPS fabricated samples in both dry and hydrated states are determined and compared to the demineralized cancellous bone allograft and the heat treated demineralized-bone/PCL mixture in mold. The results indicated that the projection sintered composites of 45–55 wt %. Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particulates produced strength comparable to processed and demineralized cancellous bone.
title: Regelung ereignisdiskreter Multi-Agenten-Systeme am Beispiel flexibler Produktionsnetzwerke
Creators: name: Appel, Marcus Werner
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2020

description: An der Herstellung komplexer Produkte ist eine Vielzahl von Produktionsmitteln beteiligt. Produktionsmaschinen, die über gemeinsam genutzte Ressourcen miteinander verkoppelt sind, bilden Produktionsnetzwerke. In flexiblen Produktionsnetzwerken kann die Produktionsgeschwindigkeit einzelner Maschinen gegen deren Ressourcenverbrauch abgewogen werden. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erforschung von Methoden zur systematischen Nutzung der Freiheitsgrade in flexiblen Produktionsnetzwerken. Diese lassen sich in die Klasse ereignisdiskreter Multi-Agenten-Systeme (MADES) einordnen und durch Petri-Netze auf kompositionellem Wege durch lose verkoppelte Systemmodelle beschreiben. Eine Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Regelstrategie ermöglicht die getrennte Auslegung von Führungs- und Störverhalten. Für beide Einsatzzwecke werden unterschiedliche Systemmodelle verwendet. Für die diskrete Ressourcenallokation im Rahmen einer Trajektorienplanung kommen ereignisdiskrete Modelle zum Einsatz, während der Entwurf eines Störgrößenreglers an einem kontinuierlichen Zustandsraummodell erfolgt. Mit Branch-and-Price-Verfahren ist es möglich, die lose verkoppelte Systemstruktur im Rahmen einer verteilten Trajektorienplanung auszunutzen. Optimierungsfreie Regelkonzepte für ereignisdiskrete Systeme beschränken sich auf die Vermeidung verbotener Systemzustände. Für den Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Entwurf wird jedoch ein Regler benötigt, der das System im Falle von Abweichungen aktiv zurück auf die Referenztrajektorie führt. Ein Entwurfsmodell kann durch partielle Fluidisierung aus der ereignisdiskreten Modellierung abgeleitet werden. Neben einer Demonstration des Gesamtregelsystems erfolgt die Sensitivitätsanalyse eines betriebswirtschaftlichen Kostenmaßes. Die Resultate ermöglichen eine Abschätzung, unter welchen Parameterkonfigurationen wirtschaftliche Vorteile durch die Abkehr vom vorherrschenden Produktionsparadigma maximaler Produktionsgeschwindigkeiten erzielbar sind.
Academic and non-academic predictors of student psychological distress: the role of social identity and loneliness
Creators: name: McIntyre, Jason C.
name: Worsley, Joanne
name: Corcoran, Rhiannon
name: Woods, Paula Harrison
name: Bentall, Richard P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: University students experience high rates of stress and mental illness; however, few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of academic and non-academic stressors on student mental health. Similarly, there has been little focus on the role of social groups in protecting against mental distress in this young adult group. Aim: To identify the key social determinants of mental health symptoms in a student population. Methods: Using an online survey, we administered measures of social connectedness and mental health symptoms alongside academic and non-academic stressors to a large sample of UK university students. Results: Loneliness was the strongest overall predictor of mental distress, while assessment stress was the most important academic predictor. Strong identification with university friendship groups was most protective against distress relative to other social identities, and the beneficial impact of identification on symptoms was mediated by reduced loneliness. Conclusions: The study highlights the benefits of establishing strong social connections at university and the importance of minimising stress associated with assessment tasks.
Towards quantum simulation with circular Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thanh Long
name: Raimond, Jean-Michel
name: Sayrin, Clément
name: Cortinas, Rodrigo
name: Cantat-Moltrecht, Tigrane
name: Assemat, Fédéric
name: Dotsenko, Igor
name: Gleyzes, Sébastien
name: Haroche, Serge
name: Roux, Guillaume
name: Jolicoeur, Thierry
name: Brune, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main objective of quantum simulation is an in-depth understanding of many-body physics. It is important for fundamental issues (quantum phase transitions, transport, . . . ) and for the development of innovative materials. Analytic approaches to many-body systems are limited and the huge size of their Hilbert space makes numerical simulations on classical computers intractable. A quantum simulator avoids these limitations by transcribing the system of interest into another, with the same dynamics but with interaction parameters under control and with experimental access to all relevant observables. Quantum simulation of spin systems is being explored with trapped ions, neutral atoms and superconducting devices. We propose here a new paradigm for quantum simulation of spin-1/2 arrays providing unprecedented flexibility and allowing one to explore domains beyond the reach of other platforms. It is based on laser-trapped circular Rydberg atoms. Their long intrinsic lifetimes combined with the inhibition of their microwave spontaneous emission and their low sensitivity to collisions and photoionization make trapping lifetimes in the minute range realistic with state-of-the-art techniques. Ultra-cold defect-free circular atom chains can be prepared by a variant of the evaporative cooling method. This method also leads to the individual detection of arbitrary spin observables. The proposed simulator realizes an XXZ spin-1/2 Hamiltonian with nearest-neighbor couplings ranging from a few to tens of kHz. All the model parameters can be tuned at will, making a large range of simulations accessible. The system evolution can be followed over times in the range of seconds, long enough to be relevant for ground-state adiabatic preparation and for the study of thermalization, disorder or Floquet time crystals. This platform presents unrivaled features for quantum simulation.
Quantification of the memory effect of steady-state currents from interaction-induced transport in quantum systems
Creators: name: Lai, Chen-Yen
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of a system in general depends on its initial state and how the system is driven, but in many-body systems the memory is usually averaged out during evolution. Here, interacting quantum systems without external relaxations are shown to retain long-time memory effects in steady states. To identify memory effects, we first show quasi-steady state currents form in finite, isolated Bose and Fermi Hubbard models driven by interaction imbalance and they become steady-state currents in the thermodynamic limit. By comparing the steady state currents from different initial states or ramping rates of the imbalance, long-time memory effects can be quantified. While the memory effects of initial states are more ubiquitous, the memory effects of switching protocols are mostly visible in interaction-induced transport in lattices. Our simulations suggest the systems enter a regime governed by a generalized Fick's law and memory effects lead to initial-state dependent diffusion coefficients. We also identify conditions for enhancing memory effects and discuss possible experimental implications.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, publish version
Failure of strong approximation on an affine cone
Creators: name: Bright, Martin
name: Kok, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G35

description: We use the Brauer-Manin obstruction to strong approximation on a punctured affine cone to explain a curious property of coprime integer solutions to a homogeneous Diophantine equation.
description: Changes following referee's comments
Model based learning for accelerated, limited-view 3D photoacoustic tomography
Creators: name: Hauptmann, Andreas
name: Lucka, Felix
name: Betcke, Marta
name: Huynh, Nam
name: Adler, Jonas
name: Cox, Ben
name: Beard, Paul
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Arridge, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recent advances in deep learning for tomographic reconstructions have shown great potential to create accurate and high quality images with a considerable speed-up. In this work we present a deep neural network that is specifically designed to provide high resolution 3D images from restricted photoacoustic measurements. The network is designed to represent an iterative scheme and incorporates gradient information of the data fit to compensate for limited view artefacts. Due to the high complexity of the photoacoustic forward operator, we separate training and computation of the gradient information. A suitable prior for the desired image structures is learned as part of the training. The resulting network is trained and tested on a set of segmented vessels from lung CT scans and then applied to in-vivo photoacoustic measurement data.
Sustainability Assessment of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Projects in Yesagyo Township, Magway Region, Myanmar
Creators: name: Win, Cho Zin
Publisher: name: Environmental Engineering Association of Thailand
Year: 2021
Subjects: Sustainability
Water,Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
Participatory,Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)
National Strategy

description: Thai Environmental Engineering Journal (TEEJ), 35, 1, 85-94
Hydrodynamic relaxations in dissipative particle dynamics
Creators: name: Hansen, J. S.
name: Greenfield, Michael L.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studies the dynamics of relaxation phenomena in the standard dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model [Groot and Warren, JCP, 107:4423 (1997)]. Using fluctuating hydrodynamics as the framework of the investigation, we focus on the collective transverse and longitudinal dynamics. It is shown that classical hydrodynamic theory predicts the transverse dynamics at relative low temperatures very well when compared to simulation data, however, the theory predictions are, on the same length scale, less accurate for higher temperatures. The agreement with hydrodynamics depends on the definition of the viscosity, and here we find that the transverse dynamics are independent of the dissipative and random shear force contributions to the stress. For high temperatures, the spectrum for the longitudinal dynamics is dominated by the Brillouin peak for large length scales and the relaxation is therefore governed by sound wave propagation and is athermal. This contrasts the results at lower temperatures and small length scale, where the thermal process is clearly present in the spectra. The Landau-Placzek ratio is lower than the classical model Lennard-Jones liquid, especially at higher temperatures. The DPD model, at least qualitatively, re-captures the underlying hydrodynamical mechanisms, and quantitative agreement is excellent at intermediate temperatures for the transverse dynamics.
First results from the IllustrisTNG simulations: A tale of two elements -- chemical evolution of magnesium and europium
Creators: name: Naiman, Jill P.
name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Springel, Volker
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Pakmor, Rüdiger
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Weinberger, Rainer
name: Genel, Shy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of elements in galaxies provides a wealth of information about their production sites and their subsequent mixing into the interstellar medium. Here we investigate the distribution of elements within stars in the IllustrisTNG simulations. In particular, we analyze the abundance ratios of magnesium and europium in Milky Way-like galaxies from the TNG100 simulation (stellar masses ${\log} (M_\star / {\rm M}_\odot) \sim 9.7 - 11.2$). As abundances of magnesium and europium for individual stars in the Milky Way are observed across a variety of spatial locations and metallicities, comparison with the stellar abundances in our more than $850$ Milky Way-like galaxies provides stringent constraints on our chemical evolutionary methods. To this end we use the magnesium to iron ratio as a proxy for the effects of our SNII and SNIa metal return prescription, and a means to compare our simulated abundances to a wide variety of galactic observations. The europium to iron ratio tracks the rare ejecta from neutron star -- neutron star mergers, the assumed primary site of europium production in our models, which in turn is a sensitive probe of the effects of metal diffusion within the gas in our simulations. We find that europium abundances in Milky Way-like galaxies show no correlation with assembly history, present day galactic properties, and average galactic stellar population age. In general, we reproduce the europium to iron spread at low metallicities observed in the Milky Way, with the level of enhancement being sensitive to gas properties during redshifts $z \approx 2-4$. We show that while the overall normalization of [Eu/Fe] is susceptible to resolution and post-processing assumptions, the relatively large spread of [Eu/Fe] at low [Fe/H] when compared to that at high [Fe/H] is very robust.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Very low scale Coleman-Weinberg inflation with non-minimal coupling
Creators: name: Kaneta, Kunio
name: Seto, Osamu
name: Takahashi, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study viable small-field Coleman-Weinberg (CW) inflation models with the help of non-minimal coupling to gravity. The simplest small-field CW inflation model (with a low-scale potential minimum) is incompatible with the cosmological constraint on the scalar spectral index. However, there are possibilities to make the model realistic. First, we revisit the CW inflation model supplemented with a linear potential term. We next consider the CW inflation model with a logarithmic non-minimal coupling and illustrate that the model can open a new viable parameter space that includes the model with a linear potential term. We also show parameter spaces where the Hubble scale during the inflation can be as small as $10^{-4} $ GeV, $1$ GeV, $10^4 $ GeV, and $10^8$ GeV for the number of $e$-folds of $40,~45,~50$, and $55$, respectively, with other cosmological constraints being satisfied.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, published version
Kaurene as the major constituent of the essential oils of the narcotic plant, Khat (Catha edulis Forsk)
Creators: name: Gholami, Morteza
name: Bahabadi, Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Khat (Catha edulis Forsk) is a narcotic plant which contains significant amounts of amphetamines, like alkaloids. Herein, analysis of the essential oil composition showed that Khat has useful volatile chemicals in addition to its alkaloids. Results indicated that among 35 identified constituents including mono and sesquiterpenes, the diterpene kaurene, comprises the major part of the essential oil, around 50 percent of total. Kaurene is known as a potent biological agent for the treatment of cancer patients. The presence of kaurene at high levels indicates that the essential oil of Catha edulis can potentially be more effectively exploited rather than its narcotic stimulant amphetamine-like alkaloids.
Spinwaves: A potential route to more efficient data transmission, storage and processing
Creators: name: Hirst, Joel
name: Evans, Richard
name: Ostler, Thomas
name: Ruta, Sergiu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Magnetism
Spin Waves
Spin Dynamics
Data
ARCHER2
eCSE

description: The excitation, propagation and detection of spinwaves through magnetic media has given birth to the field of magnonics, dedicated to harnessing collective spin excitations for advancing the next generation of data transmission The main benefit of using spin-waves to transmit information is that they operate with reduced energy dissipation compared to using conventional electrical currents and show promise for faster transmission.

Atomistic Spin Dynamics (ASD) is a computational modeling technique used for measuring spinwave dynamics. One of the most widely used packages for ASD modelling is VAMPIRE (https://vampire.york.ac.uk/), originally developed by academics at the University of York. As part of this eCSE project, we are developing a module within VAMPIRE capable of calculating the spin wave dynamics of magnetic materials. The module can be used in the future to confirm existing and predict future experimental results and observations in the field of magnonics.
Morphological estimators on Sunyaev--Zel'dovich maps of MUSIC clusters of galaxies
Creators: name: Cialone, Giammarco
name: De Petris, Marco
name: Sembolini, Federico
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Baldi, Anna Silvia
name: Rasia, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The determination of the morphology of galaxy clusters has important repercussion on their cosmological and astrophysical studies. In this paper we address the morphological characterisation of synthetic maps of the Sunyaev--Zel'dovich (SZ) effect produced for a sample of 258 massive clusters ($M_{vir}>5\times10^{14}h^{-1}$M$_\odot$ at $z=0$), extracted from the MUSIC hydrodynamical simulations. Specifically, we apply five known morphological parameters, already used in X-ray, two newly introduced ones, and we combine them together in a single parameter. We analyse two sets of simulations obtained with different prescriptions of the gas physics (non radiative and with cooling, star formation and stellar feedback) at four redshifts between 0.43 and 0.82. For each parameter we test its stability and efficiency to discriminate the true cluster dynamical state, measured by theoretical indicators. The combined parameter discriminates more efficiently relaxed and disturbed clusters. This parameter had a mild correlation with the hydrostatic mass ($\sim 0.3$) and a strong correlation ($\sim 0.8$) with the offset between the SZ centroid and the cluster centre of mass. The latter quantity results as the most accessible and efficient indicator of the dynamical state for SZ studies.
description: Updated to match the MNRAS published version. 15 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables
Emergent Bistability and Switching in a Nonequilibrium Crystal
Creators: name: Gogia, Guram
name: Burton, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multistability is an inseparable feature of many physical, chemical and biological systems which are driven far from equilibrium. In these nonequilibrium systems, stochastic dynamics often induces switching between distinct states on emergent timescales, for example, bistable switching is a natural feature of noisy, spatially-extended systems that consist of bistable elements. Nevertheless, here we present experimental evidence that bistable elements are not required for the global bistability of a system. We observe temporal switching between a crystalline, condensed state and a gas-like, excited state in a spatially-extended, quasi-two-dimensional system of charged microparticles. Accompanying numerical simulations show that conservative forces, damping, and stochastic noise are sufficient to prevent steady-state equilibrium, leading to switching between the two states over a range of time scales, from seconds to hours.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Supplemental information also available