cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the effects of beam polarisation on charged triple gauge couplings
Creators: name: Beyer, Jakob
name: List, Jenny
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2020

description: Snowmass2021 Preparatory Joint Sessions on "Open questions and News Ideas", DESY, 7 Jul 2020 - 8 Jul 2020
description: Charged triple gauge couplings (cTGCs) describe potential deviations from the Standard Model in the coupling of two $W$ bosons to a $Z$ boson or a photon. These couplings may interfere with the extraction of Higgs properties. Future $e^+e^-$ colliders need to measure these cTGCs with high precision to fully exploit the potential of their Higgs program. Current proposals for $e^+e^-$ colliders vary in many aspects, most notably in their energy, luminosities and beam polarisations. Of those, the energy determines the relevant physics and the luminosity trivially scales the statistical precision. Beam polarisation refers to the preferred direction of the spin in the beam particles. A dedicated magnet setup can flip the direction of a spin with non-zero polarisation. Electroweak physics depends on the chirality and therefore the spin of the colliding particles. This flipping of the spin changes the allowed interactions. Both reducible and irreducible backgrounds can be suppressed by choosing the appropriate polarisation combination. The cTGC measurement is performed in the production of $W$ bosons and highly sensitive to this effect. While the physics changes when flipping the polarisations, the systematic effects remain the same. Beam polarisation may therefore provide a direct handle on systematic uncertainties in any measurement. This study aims to quantify these effects of that a polarised beam may offer. An extraction of cTGCs is performed together with a measurement of beam polarisations and 2-fermion parameters on generator level differential distributions. The fit is planned to be extended to include systematic effects that are correlated between the different processes. A collider with polarised beams may achieve a qualitatively different measurement of cTGCs and other electroweak parameters. The extent to which polarisation may reduce systematics and provide access to electroweak physics needs to be clarified.
Vitamin D induces the release of IL-1b via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Creators: name: Tulk, Sarah
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Gastrointestinal
subject: macrophage
subject: Inflammasome
subject: interleukin 1 beta
subject: Vitamin D

description: The Crohn’s disease pathogenesis has been proposed to involve a hypoactive innate immune response and impaired acute inflammatory response. Recently, vitamin D3 has been shown to induce expression of the innate immune receptor, NOD2. Herein, PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells were treated with the active form of vitamin D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, and assessed for release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. We present novel findings that 1,25(OH)2D3 induces the release of IL-1β from PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells. Further, circulating vitamin D3, 25(OH)D3, was also able to induce the IL-1β response. Both 1,25(OH)2D3-induced and 25(OH)D3-induced IL-1β release were found to be dependent on the NLRP3 inflammasome. These novel findings support a beneficial role for vitamin D3 in Crohn’s disease; by boosting basal IL-1β secretion from macrophages, vitamin D3 could help counteract the impaired innate immune and acute inflammatory responses seen in this disease.
A tutorial on the Bayesian statistical approach to inverse problems
Creators: name: Waqar, Faaiq G.
name: Patel, Swati
name: Simon, Cory M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3
subject: 60-01

description: Inverse problems are ubiquitous in the sciences and engineering. Two categories of inverse problems concerning a physical system are (1) estimate parameters in a model of the system from observed input-output pairs and (2) given a model of the system, reconstruct the input to it that caused some observed output. Applied inverse problems are challenging because a solution may (i) not exist, (ii) not be unique, or (iii) be sensitive to measurement noise contaminating the data. Bayesian statistical inversion (BSI) is an approach to tackle ill-posed and/or ill-conditioned inverse problems. Advantageously, BSI provides a "solution" that (i) quantifies uncertainty by assigning a probability to each possible value of the unknown parameter/input and (ii) incorporates prior information and beliefs about the parameter/input. Herein, we provide a tutorial of BSI for inverse problems, by way of illustrative examples dealing with heat transfer from ambient air to a cold lime fruit. First, we use BSI to infer a parameter in a dynamic model of the lime temperature from measurements of the lime temperature over time. Second, we use BSI to reconstruct the initial condition of the lime from a measurement of its temperature later in time. We demonstrate the incorporation of prior information, visualize the posterior distributions of the parameter/initial condition, and show posterior samples of lime temperature trajectories from the model. Our tutorial aims to reach a wide range of scientists and engineers.
description: v0.0
Additional file 3 of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages independent of hypoxia and toll-like receptor 9
Creators: name: Ishizu, Tamiko
name: Eichin, Dominik
name: Padzik, Artur
name: Tuominen, Sanni
name: Grénman, Reidar
name: Salmi, Marko
name: Grönroos, Tove J.
name: Tuomela, Johanna M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 3. Primers used in real-time PCR.
Baryons in the light-front approach: The three-quark picture
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhen-Xing
name: Zhang, Fu-Wei
name: Hu, Xiao-Hui
name: Shi, Yu-Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a three-quark picture is constructed using a bottom-up approach for baryons in light-front quark model. The shape parameters, which characterize the momentum distribution inside a baryon, are determined with the help of the pole residue of the baryon. The relation between the three-quark picture and the diquark picture is clarified. When building the model, we find that Lorentz boost plays a crucial role, and the bottom-up modeling approach can be generalized to multiquark states. Based on this, a unified theoretical framework for describing multiquark states may be established. As a by-product of model construction, we can easily obtain a newly improved definition of baryon interpolating current. The hadron interpolating currents are the starting point of Lattice QCD and QCD sum rules, and therefore are of great importance.
description: 13 pages; version accepted by PRD
Palatini approach to bouncing cosmologies and DSR-like effects
Creators: name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a quadratic gravitational Lagrangian in the Palatini formulation is able to capture different aspects of quantum gravity phenomenology in a single framework. In particular, in this theory field excitations propagating with different energy-densities perceive different background metrics, a fundamental characteristic of the DSR and Rainbow Gravity approaches. This theory, however, avoids the so-called soccer ball problem. Also, the resulting isotropic and anisotropic cosmologies are free from the big bang singularity. This singularity avoidance occurs non-perturbatively and shares some similitudes with the effective dynamics of loop quantum cosmology.
description: 4 pages. Proceedings of Loops'11, Madrid. To appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)
Topics on abelian spin models and related problems
Creators: name: Dubédat, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G15, 82B20

description: In these notes, we discuss a selection of topics on several models of planar statistical mechanics. We consider the Ising, Potts, and more generally abelian spin models; the discrete Gaussian free field; the random cluster model; and the six-vertex model. Emphasis is put on duality, order, disorder and spinor variables, and on mappings between these models.
description: 28 pages
Reacting particles in open chaotic flows
Creators: name: de Moura, Alessandro P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collision probability $p$ of particles advected by open flows displaying chaotic advection. We show that $p$ scales with the particle size $δ$ as a power law whose coefficient is determined by the fractal dimensions of the invariant sets defined by the advection dynamics. We also argue that this same scaling also holds for the reaction rate of active particles in the low-density regime. These analytical results are compared to numerical simulations, and we find very good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Exposure and Effects of Oil Sands-Related Emissions on Wild Birds
Creators: name: Cruz Martinez, Luis Alonso
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Tree swallows, toxicology, oil sands

description: Most of the toxicological research in the oil sands region has focused on aquatic contaminants with little attention being given to air contaminants. Therefore, we conducted experimental and field studies on birds. Captive Japanese quail (control, low, and high dose groups; n=12/group) and American kestrels (control and exposed; n=10/group) were exposed experimentally through inhalation, to mixtures of benzene, toluene, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for 1.5 hrs/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. In addition, nest boxes for tree swallows were erected at two oil sands sites and a reference site, passive air monitors were set up underneath and behind the boxes. Air contaminants were higher at the oil sands sites for NO2, SO2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) (> 5fold). The tree swallow nestlings had a decreased T cell response (p=0.007), whereas the quail and kestrels had no differences in the B or T cell immune responses (p>0.5). The bursa of Fabricius was smaller in the swallow nestlings (p<0.02) only. There were no histological alterations in the bursa of Fabricius and the spleen (p>0.05) for any of the three species studied. Plasma corticosterone in quail displayed a hormetic response (higher levels in low than in high group), and the exposed kestrels had higher levels than controls (p = 0.007). Feather corticosterone was similar among nestlings (p>0.6). Free and total thyroxine was lower in exposed kestrels than in controls (p= 0.001 and p=0.004). Hepatic cytochrome P450 measured by the 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (EROD) assay was induced in kestrels (p=0.02) but not in quail (p=0.43). Compared to the reference nestlings, birds from the industrial sites had greater hepatic EROD induction (p<0.0001) with decreased hepatic mass (p=0.0001). In these studies we show evidence of biological costs associated with exposure to air contaminants; however, the birds appear to compensate successfully. For the first time, we demonstrate hepatic EROD induction from exposure to air contaminants. We suggest that birds residing in the oil sands region are valuable sentinels of environmental health and are good models for studying the long-term impacts of contaminants from the oil sands on biota.
Correlation function of null polygonal Wilson loops with local operators
Creators: name: Alday, L. F.
name: Buchbinder, E. I.
name: Tseytlin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the correlator of a light-like polygonal Wilson loop with n cusps with a local operator (like the dilaton or the chiral primary scalar) in planar N =4 super Yang-Mills theory. As a consequence of conformal symmetry, the main part of such correlator is a function F of 3n-11 conformal ratios. The first non-trivial case is n=4 when F depends on just one conformal ratio ζ. This makes the corresponding correlator one of the simplest non-trivial observables that one would like to compute for generic values of the `t Hooft coupling λ. We compute F(ζ,λ) at leading order in both the strong coupling regime (using semiclassical AdS5 x S5 string theory) and the weak coupling regime (using perturbative gauge theory). Some results are also obtained for polygonal Wilson loops with more than four edges. Furthermore, we also discuss a connection to the relation between a correlator of local operators at null-separated positions and cusped Wilson loop suggested in arXiv:1007.3243.
description: 36 pages, 2 figures
Diplodus omanensis Bauchot & Bianchi 1984
Creators: name: Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal
name: Amir, Shabir Ali
name: Masroor, Rafaqat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Sparidae
Diplodus
Diplodus omanensis

description: Diplodus omanensis Bauchot & Bianchi, 1984
English Name: Oman Porgy
Local names: Kissi (Sindh); Tippuch (Balochistan) (Figures 9 & 15, Q; Table 1)
 Diplodus cervinus omanensis Bauchot & Bianchi, 1984: 103, Fig. A (Kuria Muria Bay, Arabian Sea).
 Diagnosis. Distinguished from other Diplodus by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin rays XI, 11–12; anal-fin rays III, 10; pored lateral line scales 52; scale rows above and below lateral line 9½ and 17½; scale rows between the fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 8(2 AS) and third anal-fin spine subequal; least infraorbital depth 8.5% of SL; five broad black bars on head and body; one on head through eyes and four on rest of the body.
 Description. Counts and proportional measurements of Diplodus omanensis are shown in Table 1. Head and body deep, its depth 37.2% of SL; head large, 37.5% of SL; dorsal profile of head moderately steep; scale rows 5 on cheek; mouth small and horizontal, the maxilla reaching to below anterior margin of eyes and completely hidden under suborbitals when mouth closed; gill rakers small and 14 in number, eight on lower arch; six pairs of projecting incisor teeth in upper jaw and four pairs in lower jaw; posterior part of jaw with three rows of small molars; first dorsal spine is smallest (4.5% of SL) while fourth (14.5% of SL) longest; first anal-fin spine short (4.8% of SL), 2nd and 3rd anal spines subequal (10% of SL); caudal fin forked; upper lobe of caudal fin is slightly longer than lower one; pectoral-fins reaching to anal spine (Amir et al., 2013).
 Color of fresh specimens. Head and body with silvery grayish to black tinge; five broad black bars from head to body, first one on head through eyes and four on body, first and second indistinctly bifurcated ventrally; two indistinct short narrow black bars ventrally in first silver interspace on body and one indistinct ventrally after second; snout partly grayish and black; margins of fins are also partly yellow and blackish, anal-fins are more blackish.
 Remarks. Diplodus omanensis was first recorded from Pakistan by Amir et al. (2013). This species was initially considered to be a subspecies Diplodus cervinus omanensis, described from Oman. Diplodus omanensis was known to be endemic to Oman but its distribution range has been extended up to Iran and Pakistan. The other subspecies Diplodus cervinus hottentotus (Smith, 1844) occurs only in southern Mozambique and South Africa (Randall, 1995).
description: Published as part of Siddiqui, Pirzada Jamal, Amir, Shabir Ali & Masroor, Rafaqat, 2014, The sparid fishes of Pakistan, with new distribution records, pp. 71-100 in Zootaxa 3857 (1) on pages 84-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3857.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/228181
Mechanisms of nonthermal destruction of the superconducting state and melting of the charge-density-wave state by femtosecond laser pulses
Creators: name: Stojchevska, L.
name: Kusar, P.
name: Mertelj, T.
name: Kabanov, V. V.
name: Toda, Y.
name: Yao, X.
name: Mihailovic, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The processes leading to nonthermal condensate vaporization and charge-density wave (CDW) melting with femtosecond laser pulses is systematically investigated in different materials. We find that vaporization is relatively slow (tau_v ~ 1 ps) and inefficient in superconductors, exhibiting a strong systematic dependence of the vaporization energy Uv on Tc. In contrast, melting of CDW order proceeds rapidly (tau_m = 50 ~ 200 fs) and more efficiently. A quantitative model describing the observed systematic behavior in superconductors is proposed based on a phonon-mediated quasi-particle (QP) bottleneck mechanism. In contrast, Fermi surface disruption by hot QPs is proposed to be responsible for CDW state melting.
Additional file 5 of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages independent of hypoxia and toll-like receptor 9
Creators: name: Ishizu, Tamiko
name: Eichin, Dominik
name: Padzik, Artur
name: Tuominen, Sanni
name: Grénman, Reidar
name: Salmi, Marko
name: Grönroos, Tove J.
name: Tuomela, Johanna M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 5. Cytokine mRNA median ∆Ct and statistical p-values of MΦ treated with FaDu conditioned media collected under normoxia or hypoxia (CMNOX or CMHOX). MΦ were treated with (a) conditioned media from FaDu cells collected under normoxia or hypoxia (CMNOX or CMHOX) or (b) conditioned media from FaDu or FaDuTLR9def after 48 h exposure to HOX.
Ultra-high-speed coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with a hybrid dual-comb source
Creators: name: Lv, Tianjian
name: Han, Bing
name: Yan, Ming
name: Wen, Zhaoyang
name: Huang, Kun
name: Yang, Kangwen
name: Zeng, Heping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy with time-delayed ultrashort pulses and a single-pixel photodetector has shown great potential for spectroscopic imaging and transient studies in chemistry and biological research. However, those systems rely on mechanical delay lines or two asynchronous optical combs with inflexible repetition frequencies, technically limiting their acquisition speeds. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid dual-comb CARS system involving a broadband fiber laser and a highly-flexible, frequency-modulated electro-optic comb. We achieve multiplex CARS spectra (2800-3200 cm-1), with a moderate resolution (22 cm-1), at a maximum refresh rate of 1 MHz, limited by the radio-frequency synthesizer we use. Fast spectroscopic CARS imaging is demonstrated for liquid mixtures. Our system enables spectral measurements in the high-wavenumber C-H stretching region at a record speed that is an order of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art systems, which may open up new opportunities for fast chemical sensing and imaging.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Detection of the Crab Pulsar with VERITAS above 100 GeV
Creators: name: McCann, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the recent detection of pulsed gamma-ray emission from the Crab Pulsar above 100 GeV with the VERITAS array of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes. Gamma-ray emission at theses energies is not expected in present pulsar models. We find that the photon spectrum of pulsed emission between 100 MeV and 400 GeV can be described by a broken power law, and that it is statistically preferred over a power law with an exponential cut-off. In the VERITAS energy range the spectrum can be described with a simple power law with a spectral index of -3.8 and a flux normalization at 150 GeV that is equivalent to 1% of the Crab Nebula gamma-ray flux. The detection of pulsed emission above 100 GeV and the absence of an exponential cutoff rules out curvature radiation as the primary gamma-ray-producing mechanism. The pulse profile exhibits the characteristic two pulses of the Crab Pulsar at phases 0.0 and 0.4, albeit 2-3 times narrower than below 10 GeV. The narrowing can be interpreted as a tapered particle acceleration region in the magnetosphere. Our findings require that the emission region of the observed gamma rays be beyond 10 stellar radii from the neutron star.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 32nd ICRC, Beijing, China
AUTHOR'S INDIVIDUAL APPROACH TO THE FATES OF HEROES IN THE XX TH CENTURY ENGLISH AND UZBEK LITERATURE
Creators: name: Dedaxanova, Dildora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: After the complete establishment of the Soviet rule, literary criticism became one of the main weapons to publicize benefits of the Communist Party. All scientific schools except the Marxist method were heavily labelled as "bourgeois reaction." In the 1920s–1930s, the interpretations based on the Marxist-Leninist ideology destroyed a number of writers' lives who were representatives of "Jadids," "nationalists," and "petit bourgeois" and led them into trouble. In the 1940s, the investigations concerning the analysis of the problems of spiritual depiction were also seriously criticized as aesthetic-cosmopolitism.
Infant Handling and Allonursing in White-Faced Capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Creators: name: Sargeant, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Primatology

description: The proposed adaptive functions of infant handling in primates are numerous, and its expression within the primate order is highly variable. This study aims to investigate several proposed functions for infant handling behaviours in white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus). I followed 21 infants for 10-minute focal animal samples over the course of two field seasons. My data suggests that the motivations, and benefits of infant handling vary depending on the interactant and that no single adaptive function can explain the observed patterns of infant handling in this species. I found the strongest support for the learning-to-mother, alliance-formation, maternal kinship and milk-acquisition hypotheses. I also found support that infant handling likely provides infants with survival benefits and that the form of infant handling in this species can be considered a highly cooperative expression of communal care by all group members.
From Sanguozhi yanyi to Samgukchi : domestication and appropriation of Three Kingdoms in Korea
Creators: name: Kwon, Hyuk-Chan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: My dissertation entitled “From Sanguo zhi yanyi to Samgukchi: Domestication and Appropriation of Three Kingdoms in Korea” shows how a ‘Chinese’ work of fiction has become an enduringly popular Korean work since its importation in the sixteenth century. In this context, my thesis encompasses a comparative exploration of the influence of the Sanguo zhi yanyi 三國志演義 (Romance of the Three Kingdoms; hereafter Three Kingdoms) as reflected in premodern and contemporary Korean culture and literature. The domestication and appropriation of Three Kingdoms today can be attributed, in part, to a relentless modification and re-creation of its contents in the forms of numerous translations, adaptations, and revisions that have reflected socio-political and ideological agendas in Korea. I also clarify how the sociopolitical and ideological changes in Chosŏn Korea accelerated the reception and dissemination of Three Kingdoms by illuminating in particular how the Chosŏn rulers utilized the Neo-Confucian values in Three Kingdoms to maintain and strengthen Korea’s identity as the sole cultural and spiritual successor of the Great Han-Chinese empire after its collapse in 1644. Three Kingdoms’ status in Korea has been much higher than that of a Chinese classic; it remains the most widely read of all novels in modern Korea. Moreover, authors like Chang Chŏng’il do not hesitate to define Three Kingdoms as a national novel of Korea. It is virtually impossible for a modern Korean to lead a life divorced from Three Kingdoms. My dissertation shows that these phenomena did not appear suddenly in the twentieth-century Korea. Rather, they are the result of domestication and appropriation of Three Kingdoms that has steadily progressed for centuries; the novel has been relentlessly re-interpreted in terms of Korea’s socio-political and cultural context. My dissertation elucidates the cultural politics that contribute to making Three Kingdoms into a national novel of Korea.
Gender Gaps in Political Participation in a Cross-National Perspective: The Gendered Effects of Political Institutions
Creators: name: Beauregard, Katrine
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Political Participation
subject: Gender
subject: Political Institutions

description: Gender differences in political participation have been a persistent phenomenon in multiple countries. On a variety of political activities, women are less likely than men to be involved. Multiple scholarly works have investigated explanations for these persistent gender gaps. Scholars have found that gender differences in political resources and psychological engagement play an important role in understanding participation gaps. Yet, gender differences in political participation have little been investigated in a cross-national perspective. Indeed, there is evidence indicating that gaps are not constant across countries, suggesting that it is possible for country-level factors to contribute to gender differences in political participation in addition to individual-level factors. This investigation tests for the possibility that political institutions, which vary across countries, contribute to an additional level of explanation for gender differences in political participation. I identify three political institutions that may have a gendered effect: the electoral system, party ideology, and women's representation and gender quotas. Findings demonstrate that all three aspects of political institutions tested in this analysis are associated with varying size of gender gaps in political participation. More specifically, first, it is found that more proportional electoral systems are associated with larger gender differences in political participation. Second, the presence of left ideologies in the party system is not enough to increase women's levels of political participation. It is only when political parties address women's interests in their platforms that gender gaps decrease. Finally, women's representation and gender quotas are found to affect gender gaps, but not always in the expected ways. Results show that both women's representation and gender quotas can influence men's behaviour more so than women's, leading to larger gender gaps in political participation. It is hypothesized that the gendered effects of political institutions occur since these institutions have an influence on the types and levels of political resources and orientations toward the political system needed to be involved in politics. Political participation occurs in an environment shaped by political institutions. Since men and women differ in the types and levels of resources and orientations they possess, political institutions will influence differently their participation.
Exploring the multiband gravitational wave background with a semi-analytic galaxy formation model
Creators: name: Li, Zhencheng
name: Jiang, Zhen
name: Fan, Xi-Long
name: Chen, Yun
name: Gao, Liang
name: Guo, Qi
name: Yu, Shenghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An enormous number of compact binary systems, spanning from stellar to supermassive levels, emit substantial gravitational waves during their final evolutionary stages, thereby creating a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). We calculate the merger rates of stellar compact binaries and massive black hole binaries using a semi-analytic galaxy formation model -- Galaxy Assembly with Binary Evolution (GABE) in a unified and self-consistent approach, followed by an estimation of the multi-band SGWB contributed by those systems. We find that the amplitudes of the principal peaks of the SGWB energy density are within one order of magnitude $Ω_{GW} \sim 10^{-9}- 10^{-8}$. This SGWB could easily be detected by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), as well as planned interferometric detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The energy density of this background varies as $Ω_{GW} \propto f^{2/3}$ in SKA band. The shape of the SGWB spectrum in the frequency range $\sim[10^{-4}$,$1]$Hz could allow the LISA to distinguish the black hole seed models. The amplitude of the SGWB from merging stellar binary black holes (BBHs) at $\sim 100$ Hz is approximately 10 and 100 times greater than those from merging binary neutron stars (BNSs) and neutron-star-black-hole (NSBH) mergers, respectively. Note that, since the cosmic star formation rate density predicted by GABE is somewhat lower than observational results by $\sim 0.2$ dex at z < $\sim 2$, the amplitude of the SGWB in the frequency range $\sim[1$, $10^{4}]$ Hz may be underestimated by a similar factor at most.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
iBEARS Poster
Creators: name: Moore, Michael
name: Sulak, Tracey
name: Harvill, Marty
name: Thompson, Penny
name: Christian, Brad
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2020

description: A description of the new NSF INCLUDES iBEARS network including background, project goals, project outcomes, connections to be made through QUBES, and future directions.
A Systematic Literature Review of User Trust in AI-Enabled Systems: An HCI Perspective
Creators: name: Bach, Tita Alissa
name: Khan, Amna
name: Hallock, Harry
name: Beltrão, Gabriela
name: Sousa, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.1
subject: 68T01

description: User trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled systems has been increasingly recognized and proven as a key element to fostering adoption. It has been suggested that AI-enabled systems must go beyond technical-centric approaches and towards embracing a more human centric approach, a core principle of the human-computer interaction (HCI) field. This review aims to provide an overview of the user trust definitions, influencing factors, and measurement methods from 23 empirical studies to gather insight for future technical and design strategies, research, and initiatives to calibrate the user AI relationship. The findings confirm that there is more than one way to define trust. Selecting the most appropriate trust definition to depict user trust in a specific context should be the focus instead of comparing definitions. User trust in AI-enabled systems is found to be influenced by three main themes, namely socio-ethical considerations, technical and design features, and user characteristics. User characteristics dominate the findings, reinforcing the importance of user involvement from development through to monitoring of AI enabled systems. In conclusion, user trust needs to be addressed directly in every context where AI-enabled systems are being used or discussed. In addition, calibrating the user-AI relationship requires finding the optimal balance that works for not only the user but also the system.
Additional file 6 of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages independent of hypoxia and toll-like receptor 9
Creators: name: Ishizu, Tamiko
name: Eichin, Dominik
name: Padzik, Artur
name: Tuominen, Sanni
name: Grénman, Reidar
name: Salmi, Marko
name: Grönroos, Tove J.
name: Tuomela, Johanna M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 6. Expression of TLR9 mRNA under hypoxia (a) Cancer cells were exposed to hypoxia (HOX, 1% O2), and RNA samples were collected at 24 and 48 h to assess TLR9 mRNA expression. Unlike lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) mRNA expression, TLR9 mRNA had a variable expression pattern among cell lines. The dotted line represents corresponding normoxic (21% O2) samples. Results from a minimum of 3 independent experiments are shown as box plots with 95% CI. (b) Expression of TLR9 may require input from several cooperative factors together with HIF-1α. TLR9 mRNA expression in FaDu cells increased gradually during prolonged HOX exposure.
Free Group Actions from the Viewpoint of Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Wagner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05, 55R10, 46L87

description: In this paper we present a new characterization of free group actions (in classical differential geometry), involving dynamical systems and representations of the corresponding transformation groups. In fact, given a dynamical system, we provide conditions including the existence of "sufficiently many" representations of the transformation group which ensure that the corresponding action of that group on the spectrum of the algebra is free. In particular, the case of compact abelian groups is discussed very carefully. We further present an application to the structure theory of C*-algebras and an application to the noncommutative geometry of principal bundles.
description: All comments are welcome
Multipartite entanglement encoded in the photon-number basis by sequential excitation of a three-level system
Creators: name: Santos, Alan C.
name: Schneider, Christian
name: Bachelard, Romain
name: Predojević, Ana
name: Antón-Solanas, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general scheme to generate entanglement encoded in the photon-number basis, via a sequential resonant two-photon excitation of a three-level system. We apply it to the specific case of a quantum dot three-level system, which can emit a photon pair through a biexciton-exciton cascade. The state generated in our scheme constitutes a tool for secure communication, as the multipartite correlations present in the produced state may provide an enhanced rate of secret communication with respect to a perfect GHZ state.
description: 05 pages and 04 figures
Specialization If Necessary, But Not Necessarily Specialization: A Strategy for Canadian Landpower After Afghanistan
Creators: name: Moule, David
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Military Studies
subject: Canadian Defence Policy
subject: Canadian Army
subject: Force Development
subject: Specialization
subject: Landpower
subject: ABCA Armies

description: This thesis seeks to answer two core research questions: what roles and missions should the Canadian Army be able to perform in the pursuit of Canadian foreign and defence policy objectives, and what capabilities and force structure best allow the Army to meet these objectives? By answering these core questions, this study will develop a strategy for Canadian landpower which will seek to connect political ends (i.e., Canada’s current and future foreign and defence policy objectives) to the nation’s military means (i.e., the Canadian Army’s roles, missions, capabilities, and force structure post-Afghanistan). This strategy states that the Canadian Army’s approach to force development should be “specialization if necessary, but not necessarily specialization.” This means that for the Canadian Army, flexibility and adaptability may be more effectively maintained by introducing a moderate degree of specialization into its overall force structure, rather than pushing for the development of a completely balanced and multipurpose Land Force.
Additional file 7 of Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines have an immunomodulatory effect on macrophages independent of hypoxia and toll-like receptor 9
Creators: name: Ishizu, Tamiko
name: Eichin, Dominik
name: Padzik, Artur
name: Tuominen, Sanni
name: Grénman, Reidar
name: Salmi, Marko
name: Grönroos, Tove J.
name: Tuomela, Johanna M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 7. A summary of the CM-induced MΦ polarization phenotypes (a) CM-mediated hybridized MΦ polarization phenotype, demonstrates a direct mechanism cancer undertakes to evade anti-tumorigenic immune responses. Values represent MFI values normalized to non-activated MΦ (nMFI), n = 5–10. (b) Listed p-values describing the statistical significance of M1 (green), M2a (blue), and M2c (gray) marker expressions after exposure to the variety of CMs. The tint of the color signifies the direction of the expression: darker color represents a median expression (nMFI) above NA MΦ. Similarly, lighter color represents median expression below NA MΦ.
Cutting trees with lasers : isolation of high quality RNA, enzymatically active protein and metabolites from individual tissue types of white spruce stems obtained using laser microdissection
Creators: name: Abbott, Eric Justin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Laser-assisted microdissection has been established for isolation of individual tissue types from herbaceous plants. However, there are few reports of cell- and tissue-specific analysis in woody perennials. While microdissected tissues are commonly analyzed for gene expression, reports of protein, enzyme activity and metabolite analysis are limited due in part to an inability to amplify these molecules. Conifer stem tissues are organized in a regular pattern with xylem, phloem and cortex development controlled by the activity of the cambial zone (CZ). Defense responses of conifer stems against insects and pathogens involve increased accumulation of terpenoids in cortical resin ducts (CRDs) and de novo formation of traumatic resin ducts from CZ initials. Woody plants are difficult to study at the level of individual tissues or cell-types and are thus good candidates for application of LMD. This thesis describes robust methods for isolation of individual tissue-types from white spruce (Picea glauca) stems for analysis of RNA, enzyme activity and metabolites. A tangential cryosectioning approach was important for obtaining large quantities of CRD and CZ tissues using LMD. Differential expression is reported for genes involved in terpenoid metabolism between CRD and CZ tissues and in response to treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Transcript levels of β-pinene synthase and levopimaradiene/abietadiene synthase were constitutively higher in CRDs, but induction was stronger in CZ in response to MeJA. 3-Carene synthase was more strongly induced in CRDs compared to CZ. A differential induction pattern was observed for 1-deoxyxyulose-5-phosphate synthase, which was up-regulated in CRDs and down-regulated in CZ. We identified terpene synthase enzyme activity in CZ protein extracts and terpenoid metabolites in both CRD and CZ tissues. Combined analysis of transcripts, proteins and metabolites of individual tissues will facilitate future characterization of complex processes of woody plant development, including periodic stem growth and dormancy, cell specialization, and defense and may be applied widely to other plant species.
Circumstantial evidence and explanatory models for synapses in large-scale spike recordings
Creators: name: Stevenson, Ian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Whether, when, and how causal interactions between neurons can be meaningfully studied from observations of neural activity alone are vital questions in neural data analysis. Here we aim to better outline the concept of functional connectivity for the specific situation where systems neuroscientists aim to study synapses using spike train recordings. In some cases, cross-correlations between the spikes of two neurons are such that, although we may not be able to say that a relationship is causal without experimental manipulations, models based on synaptic connections provide precise explanations of the data. Additionally, there is often strong circumstantial evidence that pairs of neurons are monosynaptically connected. Here we illustrate how circumstantial evidence for or against synapses can be systematically assessed and show how models of synaptic effects can provide testable predictions for pair-wise spike statistics. We use case studies from large-scale multi-electrode spike recordings to illustrate key points and to demonstrate how modeling synaptic effects using large-scale spike recordings opens a wide range of data analytic questions.
Gamma ray normalization and Regional Fluvial Architecture: The Paleocene Paskapoo Formation, Alberta
Creators: name: Quartero, Erik
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paskapoo
subject: Fluvial

description: The Paskapoo formation is composed of several hundred meters of heterogeneous fluvial strata that were deposited in the subsiding foreland basin of the Canadian Cordillera. The Alberta government require the gamma ray log from petroleum wells to be collected through this formation. The first step in utilizing this new data is to correct for the suppressive effect that surface casing has on the natural gamma ray response. A simple and efficient method was used to normalize the gamma ray data collected through surface casing. The method adjusts the cased gamma ray values so that the maximum and minimum of the distribution are equal to those of non-cased values. Net-to-gross maps and stratigraphic cross-sections identify a megafan/DFS in the north and variation in the fluvial stratigraphy across the study area. Tectonic activity is interpreted as the primary control on fluvial stratigraphy, controlling the variable ratio of sediment flux to accommodation creation.
ATLBS Extended Source Sample: The evolution in radio source morphology with flux density
Creators: name: Saripalli, L.
name: Subrahmanyan, R.
name: Thorat, K.
name: Ekers, R. D.
name: Hunstead, R. W.
name: Johnston, H. M.
name: Sadler, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the ATLBS survey we present a sample of extended radio sources and derive morphological properties of faint radio sources. 119 radio galaxies form the ATLBS-Extended Source Sample (ATLBS-ESS) consisting of all sources exceeding 30" in extent and integrated flux densities exceeding 1 mJy. We give structural details along with information on galaxy identifications and source classifications. The ATLBS-ESS, unlike samples with higher flux-density limits, has almost equal fractions of FR-I and FR-II radio galaxies with a large fraction of the FR-I population exhibiting 3C31-type structures. Significant asymmetry in lobe extents appears to be a common occurrence in the ATLBS-ESS FR-I sources compared to FR-II sources. We present a sample of 22 FR-Is at z>0.5 with good structural information. The detection of several giant radio sources, with size exceeding 0.7 Mpc, at z>1 suggests that giant radio sources are not less common at high redshifts. The ESS also includes a sample of 28 restarted radio galaxies. The relative abundance of dying and restarting sources is indicative of a model where radio sources undergo episodic activity in which an active phase is followed by a brief dying phase that terminates with restarting of the central activity; in any massive elliptical a few such activity cycles wherein adjacent events blend may constitute the lifetime of a radio source and such bursts of blended activity cycles may be repeated over the age of the host. The ATLBS-ESS includes a 2-Mpc giant radio galaxy with the lowest surface brightness lobes known to date.
description: 69 pages, 119 figures, 4 tables, to appear in ApJS
The André-Oort Conjecture for Drinfeld Modular Varieties
Creators: name: Hubschmid, Patrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09, 14G35

description: We consider the analogue of the André-Oort conjecture for Drinfeld modular varieties which was formulated by Breuer. We prove this analogue for special points with separable reflex field over the base field by adapting methods which were used by Klingler and Yafaev to prove the André-Oort conjecture under the generalized Riemann hypothesis in the classical case. Our result extends results of Breuer showing the correctness of the analogue for special points lying in a curve and for special points having a certain behaviour at a fixed set of primes.
description: 59 pages
Multipartite optomechanical entanglement from competing nonlinearities
Creators: name: Xuereb, André
name: Barbieri, Marco
name: Paternostro, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the nature of the three-mode interaction inside an optomechanically-active microtoroid with a sizeable chi^(2) coefficient. Experimental techniques are quickly advancing to the point where structures with the necessary properties can be made, and we argue that these provide a natural setting in which to observe rich dynamics leading, for instance, to genuine tripartite steady-state entanglement. We also show that this approach lends itself to a full characterisation of the three-mode state of the system.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; comments welcome