Odontosyllis septemdentata Salcedo, Martín & Solís-Weiss, 2016, n.sp.
Creators: name: Salcedo, Diana L.
name: Martín, Guillermo San
name: Solís-Weiss, Vivianne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Phyllodocida
Syllidae
Odontosyllis
Odontosyllis septemdentata

description: Odontosyllis septemdentata, n.sp.
(Figs 1–3)
Material examined. 16 specimens: Holotype: incomplete specimen (CNAP–ICML POH–37–006), El Jardín E3B2 16°49.436’N, 99°54.981’W, May 26 2006, 12 m, coarse sand. Paratypes: 5 specimens (CNAP–ICML POP– 37–007), El Jardín E3B2 16°49.436’N, 99°54.981’W, May 26 2006, 12 m, coarse sand. 5 specimens (MNCN 16.01/16907), El Jardín E3B2 16°49.436’N, 99°54.981’W, May 26 2006, 12 m, coarse sand. 5 specimens (NHMLA LACM-AHF Poly 7585), El Jardín E3B2 16°49.436’N, 99°54.981’W, May 26 2006, 12 m, coarse sand.
Additional material: 39 specimens (CNAP–ICML PO–37–098): 10 specimens, Palmitas E2B1 16°42.420’N, 99°54.733’W, May 25 2006, 10.5 m, coarse sand. 4 specimens, Palmitas E2B2 16°42.420’N, 99°54.733’W, May 25 2006, 10.5 m, coarse sand. 10 specimens, El Jardín E3B1 16°49.436’N, 99°54.981’W, May 26 2006, 12 m, coarse sand. 15 specimens, El Jardín E3B2 16°49.436’N, 99°54.981’W, May 26 2006, 12 m, coarse sand.
Description. Holotype incomplete, 2.3 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 19 chaetigers. Body stout, cylindrical, dorsally highly convex, ventrally flattened; preserved specimens with no distinctive color pattern. Prostomium ovate, wider than long, with two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, anterior pair slightly larger than posterior one (Fig. 1 A). Antennae smooth, digitiform and slightly expanded distally, all similar in size, as long as or shorter than prostomium; median antenna inserted between anterior eyes; lateral antennae arising from the anterior edge of the prostomium (Figs 1 A, 3A). Palps short and broad, conical, basally fused and with the tip ventrally folded (Figs 1 A, 3A). Two nuchal organs as ciliated grooves located between prostomium and peristomium (Fig. 3 A). Peristomium well developed, similar in length to subsequent segments, with a pair of tentacular cirri similar in shape to antennae, dorsal ones slightly longer than ventral ones; occipital flap present, well developed, partially covering the prostomium (Figs 1 A, 3A). Dorsum with minute pores and bundles of cilia transversally arranged in two rows: one in the middle part of the segments and the other near its anterior edge (Fig. 3 B). Dorsal cirri similar in shape to tentacular cirri, longer than parapodial lobes, alternating in length, although the difference is not very clear (Fig. 1 A). Ventral cirri short, distally expanded, fused with parapodia, inserted in the middle part and not extending beyond parapodial lobe. Parapodial lobes long, distally bilobed and with a bundle of long cilia in one side (Fig. 3 C). Between 6–7 compound heterogomph chaetae in anteriormost parapodia, up to 10 in following segments. Chaetae with short blades, bidentate, with both teeth strongly separated and obliquely located, distal tooth longer and larger than subdistal one; spines on edge of falcigers, long and coarse in dorsal and medium chaetae, short and slender in inferior chaetae (Figs 2 A, C, 3D, E, F). Strong dorso-ventral and slight antero-posterior gradation in length of blades (Fig. 2 A, C). Simple chaetae not observed. Two aciculae per parapodium, subdistally inflated and distally truncated, bordered by a dense crown of fine spines, one of them slightly shorter (Fig. 2 B, D). Pharynx short, extending through 4 segments (Fig. 1 A); trepan with 7 teeth posteriorly located, alternating in size: one small at each end, followed by two larger and one smaller in the middle, and two lateral plates bigger in size (Fig. 1 B). Proventricle longer and thicker than pharynx, extending through about 6–7 segments, with about 45 muscle cell rows (Fig. 1 A).
Remarks. Odontosyllis septemdentata n. sp. is characterized by having bidentate falcigers and a trepan with 7 teeth alternating in size. Most species of the genus have teeth similar in size, except Odontosyllis setoensis Imajima, 1966a and Odontosyllis heterodonta Góngora-Garza and de León-González, 1993. However, in both species, larger teeth are located in the middle of the trepan and smaller ones on the sides, never alternating in size.
Additionally, both species have very different chaetae from those of the species herein described: O. setoensis has shorter and broader falcigers, while O. heterodonta has falcigers of two sizes, very similar in shape; in both species, spines are inconspicuous. Odontosyllis phosphorea Moore 1909, and Odontosyllis polycera Schmarda 1861, have chaetae similar to the species herein described. However, the former has a characteristic color pattern and a longer proventricle (extending through 9 segments, with about 60 muscle cell rows), while the latter has smooth and trilobed aciculae and also a longer proventricle (extending through 9–10 segments too, but with up to 130 muscle cell rows). Even if all the specimens analyzed are incomplete, and therefore the simple chaetae and the pygidium could not be examined, the other characteristics are sufficient to separate this species from all other so far described in the genus and validate its status of new species.
Type locality. Acapulco Bay, Southern Mexican Pacific.
Habitat. Subtidal on medium to coarse sand.
Distribution. Acapulco Bay, Southern Mexican Pacific.
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin terms septem and dentis referring to the seven-toothed trepan.
description: Published as part of Salcedo, Diana L., Martín, Guillermo San & Solís-Weiss, Vivianne, 2016, Eusyllinae, Exogoninae and Autolytinae (Syllidae: Polychaeta) from the Southern Mexican Pacific, with the description of three new species, pp. 507-522 in Zootaxa 4158 (4) on pages 510-512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4158.4.4, http://zenodo.org/record/259832