cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bright muon beams and muon colliders
Creators: name: Schulte, D.
name: Palmer, M.
name: Arndt, T.
name: Chancé, A.
name: Delahaye, J.P.
name: Faus-Golfe, A.
name: Gilardoni, S.
name: Lebrun, P.
name: Long, K.
name: Métral, E.
name: Pastrone, N.
name: Quettier, L.
name: Raubenheimer, T.
name: Rogers, C.
name: Seidel, M.
name: Stratakis, D.
name: Yamamoto, A.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: Muon collider (MC) technology must overcome several significant challenges to reach the maturity of electron-positron colliders. An increased level of R&D effort is justified at the current time, because the muon collider promises an alternative path toward high-energy, high-luminosity lepton collisions that extends beyond the expected reach of linear colliders. The strong suppression of synchrotron radiation compared to electrons allows beam acceleration in rings making efficient use of the RF systems for acceleration. The overall power consumption of a 10 TeV MC is expected to be lower than that of CLIC at 3 TeV. Additionally the beam can repeatedly produce luminosity in two detectors in the collider ring. The ratio of luminosity to beam power is expected to improve with collision energy, a unique feature of the MC. The compactness of the collider makes it plausible that a cost effective design might be achieved; however this must be verified with more detailed estimates. If the technical challenges can be overcome, the MC offers a potential route to long-term sustainability of collider physics.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
Joint ptycho-tomography with deep generative priors
Creators: name: Aslan, Selin
name: Liu, Zhengchun
name: Nikitin, Viktor
name: Bicer, Tekin
name: Leyffer, Sven
name: Gursoy, Doga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Joint ptycho-tomography is a powerful computational imaging framework to recover the refractive properties of a 3D object while relaxing the requirements for probe overlap that is common in conventional phase retrieval. We use an augmented Lagrangian scheme for formulating the constrained optimization problem and employ an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for the joint solution. ADMM allows the problem to be split into smaller and computationally more efficient subproblems: ptychographic phase retrieval, tomographic reconstruction, and regularization of the solution. We extend our ADMM framework with plug-and-play (PnP) denoisers by replacing the regularization subproblem with a general denoising operator based on machine learning. While the PnP framework enables integrating such learned priors as denoising operators, tuning of the denoiser prior remains challenging. To overcome this challenge, we propose a denoiser parameter to control the effect of the denoiser and to accelerate the solution. In our simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed framework with parameter tuning and learned priors generates high-quality reconstructions under limited and noisy measurement data.
Quantum magnetism with multicomponent polar molecules in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Barnett, Ryan
name: Petrov, Dmitry
name: Lukin, Mikhail
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider bosonic dipolar molecules in an optical lattice prepared in a mixture of different rotational states. The 1/r^3 interaction between molecules for this system is produced by exchanging a quantum of angular momentum between two molecules. We show that the Mott states of such systems have a large variety of non-trivial spin orderings including a state with ordering wave vector that can be changed by tilting the lattice. As the Mott insulating phase is melted, we also describe several exotic superfluid phases that will occur.
Direct inclusion of seakeeping ergonomic criteria in the computerized design of small crafts.
Creators: name: Majumder, Mizanur R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Dr. Akinturk showed that the design process of a small craft can be computerized, and new design nodes, such as crew safety or acceleration levels can be included in the preliminary design. This study goes one step further by directly including ergonomic criteria in the preliminary ship design process. In addition, the design platform selected, is an easily available one. It is shown that an integrated technical computing environment such as Matlab, can do the' preliminary small craft design with the inclusion of ergonomic criteria. This demonstrates also that the methodology developed in this study can be implemented and extended easily by others. The design process used in this study will be referred as "Matship". The ergonomic criteria, implemented in Matship, include constraints on RMS motion amplitudes and accelerations, peak motion responses and ergonomic criteria that relate maintaining one's balance onboard of a ship to ship motions. In the last one, an empirical relation, developed by Kimura, is used between the first moments of the spectra of vertical and longitudinal accelerations on the deck and human balance. The study shows the effect of human factors on the principle dimensions of the boats and their operational speed. The preliminary results reported in this thesis show that seakeeping ergonomic criteria can be implemented explicitly into the preliminary design of a small craft, for crew safety and passenger comfort. This thesis presents a methodology to include seakeeping ergonomic criteria in the preliminary design process and discusses its effects on the design parameters such as principal dimensions, power requirement, cost etc. The effects of these criteria on the final design can be quantified in terms of principal dimensions or monetary terms. Matship presents a methodology to include ergonomic criteria in the preliminary design and discusses their effects on the ship parameters. This study suggests that length restriction imposed on fishing vessels in Canada and elsewhere may cause unnecessary risk to crew of smaller vessels and should be further studied. The Matlab files used in this study are available at University of British Columbia's (UBC) Mechanical Engineering web site, http://www.mech.ubc.ca/.
Costs and Benefits of Higher Tariffs on Wheat Imports to South Africa - A General Equilibrium Analysis
Creators: name: McDonald, Scott
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Rantho, Lillian
name: Van Schoor, Melt
name: McDonald, Scott
name: Punt, Cecilia
name: Rantho, Lillian
name: Van Schoor, Melt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Low international wheat prices caused by tariffs and subsidies in developed countries have been blamed for causing financial difficulty to local farmers. While the indignation at these unfair trade practices may be valid, it does not follow that protection of the local industry is necessarily the best course of action. This paper uses a static general equilibrium model to describe and quantify the effects of increased tariffs (by up to 25 percentage points) on the local wheat industry, other affected industries, particularly downstream industries, and the economy at large. Additionally, the effects on factors, households and the government are also analysed. The results show that the benefits to the wheat industry are highly concentrated and smaller than the loss of income caused in other sectors. Welfare is negatively affected, especially for low-income households, for whom the effects are exacerbated by food prices becoming somewhat more expensive relative to other prices.
CARICOM Bilateral Trade: A Preliminary Analysis Using the Gravity Model
Creators: name: Sandberg, H. Mikael
name: Taylor, Timothy G.
name: Seale, James L.
name: Sandberg, H. Mikael
name: Taylor, Timothy G.
name: Seale, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Caribbean economies
subject: CARICOM
subject: FTAA
subject: gravity model
subject: regional integration

description: This paper investigates the determinants of intra-CARICOM bilateral trade and the CARICOM member's trade with the North American and European countries using the gravity model. Seventeen annual cross-sections are estimated for the period 1980 through 1996. Overall, the empirical results indicate that the gravity model has considerable potential to explain intra-CARICOM bilateral trade as well as trade between CARICOM members and non-members. The evidence suggests that both the importer's GDP per capita and the exporter's GDP per capita exert strong positive effects on CARICOM trade levels. Since these effects are found to be statistically the same, we conclude that the gravity model is symmetric with respect to GDP per capita. Further, sharing a common language, colonial ties, or membership in the CARICOM all significantly contribute to larger volumes of bilateral trade, while geographic distance has the opposite effect. Both the exporting and the importing countries' populations have a positive effect on trade levels, indicating that larger economies have a wider production base and thus export and import more than would smaller economies.
Anchor-Based Spatio-Temporal Attention 3D Convolutional Networks for Dynamic 3D Point Cloud Sequences
Creators: name: Wang, Guangming
name: Chen, Muyao
name: Liu, Hanwen
name: Yang, Yehui
name: Liu, Zhe
name: Wang, Hesheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the rapid development of measurement technology, LiDAR and depth cameras are widely used in the perception of the 3D environment. Recent learning based methods for robot perception most focus on the image or video, but deep learning methods for dynamic 3D point cloud sequences are underexplored. Therefore, developing efficient and accurate perception method compatible with these advanced instruments is pivotal to autonomous driving and service robots. An Anchor-based Spatio-Temporal Attention 3D Convolution operation (ASTA3DConv) is proposed in this paper to process dynamic 3D point cloud sequences. The proposed convolution operation builds a regular receptive field around each point by setting several virtual anchors around each point. The features of neighborhood points are firstly aggregated to each anchor based on the spatio-temporal attention mechanism. Then, anchor-based 3D convolution is adopted to aggregate these anchors' features to the core points. The proposed method makes better use of the structured information within the local region and learns spatio-temporal embedding features from dynamic 3D point cloud sequences. Anchor-based Spatio-Temporal Attention 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (ASTA3DCNNs) are built for classification and segmentation tasks based on the proposed ASTA3DConv and evaluated on action recognition and semantic segmentation tasks. The experiments and ablation studies on MSRAction3D and Synthia datasets demonstrate the superior performance and effectiveness of our method for dynamic 3D point cloud sequences. Our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance among the methods with dynamic 3D point cloud sequences as input on MSRAction3D and Synthia datasets.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, under review
Complex-Dynamical Extension of the Fractal Paradigm and Its Applications in Life Sciences
Creators: name: Kirilyuk, Andrei P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex-dynamical fractal is a hierarchy of permanently, chaotically changing versions of system structure, obtained as the unreduced, causally probabilistic general solution of arbitrary interaction problem (physics/0305119, physics/9806002). Intrinsic creativity of this extension of usual fractality determines its exponentially high operation efficiency, which underlies many specific functions of living systems, such as autonomous adaptability, "purposeful" development, intelligence and consciousness (at higher complexity levels). We outline in more detail genetic applications of complex-dynamic fractality, demonstrate the dominating role of genome interactions, and show that further progressive development of genetic research, as well as other life-science applications, should be based on the dynamically fractal structure analysis of interaction processes involved. We finally summarise the obtained extension of mathematical concepts and approaches closely related to their biological applications.
description: 12 pages, 24 eqs, 19 refs; Report presented at the IVth International Symposium "Fractals in Biology and Medicine" (Ascona, 10-14 March 2004), http://www.fractals.issi.cerfim.ch/
Multipole radiation in a collisonless gas coupled to electromagnetism or scalar gravitation
Creators: name: Bauer, Sebastian
name: Kunze, Markus
name: Rein, Gerhard
name: Rendall, Alan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q72;35Q75

description: We consider the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell and Vlasov-Nordström systems which describe large particle ensembles interacting by either electromagnetic fields or a relativistic scalar gravity model. For both systems we derive a radiation formula analogous to the Einstein quadrupole formula in general relativity.
description: 21 pages
The relative roles of divergence and velocity slip in the stability of plane channel flow
Creators: name: Sahu, K. C.
name: Sameen, A.
name: Govindarajan, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wall slip and wall divergence are known to have large and opposing effects on the stability of flow in a two-dimensional channel. While divergence hugely destabilises, slip dramatically stabilizes the linear mode. In a non-parallel stability analysis, we study a combination of these two effects, since both will coexist in small-scale flows with wall roughness. Our main results are (i) that the stabilising effect of slip is reversed at higher angles of divergence, (ii) transient growth of disturbances is unaffected by either wall-divergence, or by slip at any divergence. Moreover, at the Reynolds numbers relevant here, transient growth is too low to be a significant player in transition to turbulence, which is more likely to be driven by linear instability.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. 6 pages, 7 figures, Euro. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., 44(1), 101-107
Imports versus Domestic Production: A Demand System Analysis of the U.S. Red Wine Market
Creators: name: Seale, James L.
name: Merchant, Mary
name: Seale, James L.
name: Merchant, Mary
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: imports
subject: red wines
subject: Almost Ideal Demand System
subject: AIDS

description: This research estimates price and expenditure elasticities of U.S. red wine imports from five countries--Italy, France, Spain, Australia, and Chile--which are compared to elasticities of domestically produced red wine using the first-difference version of the almost ideal demand system (AIDS). Expenditure elasticity results indicate that if U.S. total expenditures on red wine increase, domestic producers would gain most. Empirical results for conditional own-price elasticities of demand indicate that U.S. and Chilean red wines are elastic while U.S. demand for red wines from other countries are highly inelastic. Due to the magnitude of consumption of U.S. domestic red wines relative to imports, an increase in the price of U.S. wine results in a decline in quantity demanded that is six times larger than that for French and Italian red wines and over 20 times larger than that of other import countries. Results suggest that U.S. red-wine producers could increase their total revenue by decreasing prices, while Italian and French producers can increase total revenues by increasing prices.
High-gradient plasma and laser accelerators
Creators: name: Assmann, R.
name: Gschwendtner, E.
name: Cassou, K.
name: Corde, S.
name: Corner, L.
name: Cros, B.
name: Ferrario, M.
name: Hooker, S.
name: Ischebeck, R.
name: Latina, A.
name: Lundh, O.
name: Muggli, P.
name: Nghiem, P.
name: Osterhoff, J.
name: Raubenheimer, T.
name: Specka, A.
name: Vieira, J.
name: Wing, M.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: Novel high-gradient accelerators have demonstrated acceleration of electrons and positrons with electric field strengths of 1 to > 100 GeV/m. This is about 10 to 1000 times higher than achieved in RF-based accelerators, and as such they have the potential to overcome the limitations associated with RF cavities. Plasma-based accelerators have produced multi-GeV bunches with parameters approaching those suitable for a linear collider. A significant reduction in size and, perhaps, cost of future accelerators can therefore in principle be envisaged.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
Harassment Origin for Kinematic Substructures in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies?
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Garcia, A. C.
name: Aguerri, J. A. L.
name: Balcells, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have run high resolution N-body models simulating the encounter of a dwarf galaxy with a bright elliptical galaxy. The dwarf absorbs orbital angular momentum and shows counter-rotating features in the external regions of the galaxy. To explain the core-envelope kinematic decoupling observed in some dwarf galaxies in high-density environments requires nearly head-on collisions and very little dark matter bound to the dwarf. These kinematic structures appear under rather restrictive conditions. As a consequence, in a cluster like Virgo ~1% of dwarf galaxies may present counter-rotation formed by harassment.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures; Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Import Demand for Disaggregated Fresh Fruits in Japan
Creators: name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Seale, James L.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Seale, James L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Almost Ideal Demand System
subject: consumer demand
subject: fruit
subject: import demand
subject: Japan
subject: Rotterdam model

description: Using annual Japanese fresh fruit import data from 1971-1997, this study analyzes the import patterns of Japan's seven most popular fresh fruits by implementing and testing a general differential demand system that nests four alternative import demand specifications. When tested against the general system using the five-good case (bananas, grapefruits, oranges, and lemons and aggregating pineapples, berries, and grapes), the analysis rejects the AIDS and NBR specifications, but does not reject Rotterdam and CBS. When estimated using the six-good case (bananas, grapefruits, oranges, lemons, pineapples, and aggregating berries and grapes), the analysis rejects all specifications except the Rotterdam model.
Non-triviality in a totally asymmetric one-dimensional Boolean percolation model on a half-line
Creators: name: Bezborodov, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B43

description: It is well known that there are two regimes in a standard one-dimensional Boolean percolation model: either the entire space is covered a.s., or the covered volume fraction is strictly less than one. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that there is a third possibility in a Boolean model with totally asymmetric grains on a half-line: a.s. there is no unbounded component, but the covered volume fraction is one. An explicit condition is given characterizing the existence of an unbounded occupied component.
Polarization characteristics of the Crab pulsar's giant radio pulses at HFCs phases
Creators: name: Slowikowska, A.
name: Jessner, A.
name: Klein, B.
name: Kanbach, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss our recent discovery of the giant radio emission from the Crab pulsar at its high frequency components (HFCs) phases and show the polarization characteristic of these pulses. This leads us to a suggestion that there is no difference in the emission mechanism of the main pulse (MP), interpulse (IP) and HFCs. We briefly review the size distributions of the Crab giant radio pulses (GRPs) and discuss general characteristics of the GRP phenomenon in the Crab and other pulsars.
description: AIP Conference Proceedings "Astrophysical Sources of High Energy Particles and Radiation", eds. T. Bulik et al. (NY:AIP), Volume 801, 2005, pp. 324-329
EVpedia: a community web portal for extracellular vesicles research.
Creators: name: D Kim
name: J Lee
name: S Kim
name: D Choi
name: Y Yoon
name: J Kim
name: G Go
name: D Nhung
name: K Hong
name: S Jang
name: K Park
name: O Kim
name: H Park
name: J Seo
name: E Aikawa
name: M Baj-Krzyworzeka
name: B Van
name: M Belting
name: L Blanc
name: V Bond
name: A Bongiovanni
name: F Borras
name: L Buee
name: E Buzas
name: Sim, Lesley
name: A Clayton
name: E Cocucci
name: C Dela
name: D Desiderio
name: V Di
name: K Ekstrom
name: J Falcon-Perez
name: C Gardiner
name: B Giebel
name: Greening, David
name: J Gross
name: D Gupta
name: A Hendrix
name: Hill, Andrew
name: M Hill
name: E Hoen
name: D Hwang
name: J Inal
name: M Jagannadham
name: M Jayachandran
name: Y Jee
name: M Jorgensen
name: K Kim
name: Y Kim
name: T Kislinger
name: C Lasser
name: D Lee
name: H Lee
name: L Van
name: T Lener
name: M Liu
name: J Lotvall
name: A Marcilla
name: Mathivanan, Suresh
name: A Moeller
name: J Morhayim
name: F Mullier
name: I Nazarenko
name: R Nieuwland
name: D Nunes
name: K Pang
name: J Park
name: T Patel
name: G Pocsfalvi
name: P Del
name: U Putz
name: M Ramirez
name: M Rodrigues
name: T Roh
name: F Royo
name: S Sahoo
name: R Schiffelers
name: S Sharma
name: P Siljander
name: Simpson, Richard
name: C Soekmadji
name: P Stahl
name: A Stensballe
name: E Stepien
name: H Tahara
name: A Trummer
name: H Valadi
name: L Vella
name: S Wai
name: K Witwer
name: M Yanez-Mo
name: H Youn
name: R Zeidler
name: Y Gho
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Motivation: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spherical bilayered proteolipids, harboring various bioactive molecules. Due to the complexity of the vesicular nomenclatures and components, online searches for EV-related publications and vesicular components are currently challenging. Results: We present an improved version of EVpedia, a public database for EVs research. This community web portal contains a database of publications and vesicular components, identification of orthologous vesicular components, bioinformatic tools and a personalized function. EVpedia includes 6879 publications, 172 080 vesicular components from 263 high-throughput datasets, and has been accessed more than 65 000 times from more than 750 cities. In addition, about 350 members from 73 international research groups have participated in developing EVpedia. This free web-based database might serve as a useful resource to stimulate the emerging field of EV research. Availability and implementation: The web site was implemented in PHP, Java, MySQL and Apache, and is freely available at http://evpedia.info.
Universality of noise-induced resilience restoration in spatially-extended ecological systems
Creators: name: Ma, Cheng
name: Korniss, Gyorgy
name: Szymanski, Boleslaw K.
name: Gao, Jianxi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many systems may switch to an undesired state due to internal failures or external perturbations, of which critical transitions toward degraded ecosystem states are a prominent example. Resilience restoration focuses on the ability of spatially-extended systems and the required time to recover to their desired states under stochastic environmental conditions. While mean-field approaches may guide recovery strategies by indicating the conditions needed to destabilize undesired states, these approaches are not accurately capturing the transition process toward the desired state of spatially-extended systems in stochastic environments. The difficulty is rooted in the lack of mathematical tools to analyze systems with high dimensionality, nonlinearity, and stochastic effects. We bridge this gap by developing new mathematical tools that employ nucleation theory in spatially-embedded systems to advance resilience restoration. We examine our approach on systems following mutualistic dynamics and diffusion models, finding that systems may exhibit single-cluster or multi-cluster phases depending on their sizes and noise strengths, and also construct a new scaling law governing the restoration time for arbitrary system size and noise strength in two-dimensional systems. This approach is not limited to ecosystems and has applications in various dynamical systems, from biology to infrastructural systems.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures
Local-world evolving networks with tunable clustering
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhongzhi
name: Rong, Lili
name: Wang, Bing
name: Zhou, Shuigeng
name: Guan, Jihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extended local-world evolving network model including a triad formation step. In the process of network evolution, random fluctuation in the number of new edges is involved. We derive analytical expressions for degree distribution, clustering coefficient and average path length. Our model can unify the generic properties of real-life networks: scale-free degree distribution, high clustering and small inter-node separation. Moreover, in our model, the clustering coefficient is tunable simply by changing the expected number of triad formation steps after a single local preferential attachment step.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in Physica A
Induced Innovations and Foreign Workers in U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Napasintuwong, Orachos
name: Emerson, Robert D.
name: Napasintuwong, Orachos
name: Emerson, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: induced innovation
subject: biased technical change
subject: foreign labor

description: A cost function approach of induced innovation is used to measure the biases in U.S. agricultural technology between 1948-1994. The results show significant labor-saving, capital-using technical change. Focusing on the impact of migration policy on labor-saving technology, a simulaton of different rates of labor-saving technical change is conducted. The simulation shows decreases in elasticity of labor demand and demand quantity, and an increase in wage rate as technology becomes more labor-saving.
Luminous solar neutrinos II: Mass-mixing portals
Creators: name: Plestid, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar neutrinos can be efficiently upscattered to MeV scale heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) within the Earth's mantle. HNLs can then decay to electron-positron pairs leading to energy deposition inside large-volume detectors. In this paper we consider mass-portal upscattering of solar neutrinos to HNLs of mass 20 MeV $\geq m_N \geq 2 m_e$. The large volume of the Earth compensates for the long decay-length of the HNLs leading to observable rates of $N\rightarrow ν_αe^+e^-$ in large volume detectors. We find that searches for mantle-upscattered HNLs can set the novel limits on mixing with third generation leptons, $|U_{τN}|$ for masses in the MeV regime; sensitivity to mixing with first- and second-generation leptons is not competitive with existing search strategies.
description: 5 pages, companion paper to arXiv:2010.04193 | Discussion of BBN constraints added, small cosmetic changes, typos corrected
Invasive Species Management Through Tariffs: Are Prevention and Protection Synonymous?
Creators: name: Ranjan, Ram
name: Ranjan, Ram
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: invasive species
subject: political economy
subject: tariffs
subject: bargaining
subject: interest groups

description: This Paper designs a political economy model of invasive species management in order to explore the effectiveness of tariffs in mitigating the risk of invasion. The revenue interests of the government together with the interests of the lobby group competing with the imported agricultural commodity, that is believed to be the vector of invasive species, are incorporated in a Nash Bargaining game. The government, however, also considers the impact of tariffs on long run risks of invasion and decides optimal tariffs based upon its welfare in the pre and post-invasion scenarios. Along with the size of the lobby group, which is a function of the slope of the demand and supply curves, the weights assigned to the various components in the government welfare function too play a key role in influencing the extent to which tariffs could be an effective policy tool for invasive species management.
High-gradient RF structures and systems
Creators: name: Bousson, S.
name: Weise, H.
name: Burt, G.
name: Devanz, G.
name: Gallo, A.
name: Gerigk, F.
name: Grudiev, A.
name: Longuevergne, D.
name: Proslier, T.
name: Ruber, R.
Publisher: name: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs
Year: 2022

description: Radio frequency (RF) systems are the workhorse of most particle accelerators and achieve high levels of performance and reliability. Despite five decades of improvement the community is still advancing RF performance with several novel developments. The next generation of particle accelerators will likely be still based on RF technology, but will require operational parameters in excess of state of the art, requiring an advanced R&D program. The R&D covers superconducting RF (SRF), normal conducting RF (NC RF) and ancillary systems such as RF sources, couplers, tuners and the systems that control them. The panel notes there is significant overlap between the R&D required for energy-recovery linacs (ERLs) and muon colliders and the activities mentioned here. There is also requirements for RF to serve as injectors to novel accelerators. It is clear that improved RF system performance is both within reach and also critical to the development of any future high energy physics (HEP) accelerator, but such development will require appropriate investment.
description: CERN Yellow Reports: Monographs, Vol. 1 (2022): European Strategy for Particle Physics - Accelerator R&D Roadmap
Foreign Direct Investment and Education Investment in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Iwai, Nobuyuki
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
name: Banerjee, Priyodorshi
name: Iwai, Nobuyuki
name: Thompson, Stanley R.
name: Banerjee, Priyodorshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Labor and Human Capital

description: We introduce a model to explain the economic rationale for the observed policy combination of a developing country (hosting foreign direct investment (FDI) through education investment (EDI)) and the interest of a multinational corporation (MNC) in the local labor quality when it contemplates FDI. Information on local labor is the source of a more efficient contract for the MNC with local labor, and the local government can benefit both agents through EDI, FDI, and information sharing. This strategy set is likely to be used by a country in the early stage of economic development. The education level chosen by the local government, however, will be higher than that which maximizes the welfare of local labor. In that sense, the government has the incentive to benefit itself and the MNC at the expense of local labor.
Subwavelength atom localization via amplitude and phase control of the absorption spectrum
Creators: name: Sahrai, Mostafa
name: Tajalli, Habib
name: Kapale, Kishore T.
name: Zubairy, M. Suhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for subwavelength localization of an atom conditioned upon the absorption of a weak probe field at a particular frequency. Manipulating atom-field interaction on a certain transition by applying drive fields on nearby coupled transitions leads to interesting effects in the absorption spectrum of the weak probe field. We exploit this fact and employ a four-level system with three driving fields and a weak probe field, where one of the drive fields is a standing-wave field of a cavity. We show that the position of an atom along this standing wave is determined when probe field absorption is measured. We find that absorption of the weak probe field at a certain frequency leads to subwavelength localization of the atom in either of the two half-wavelength regions of the cavity field by appropriate choice of the system parameters. We term this result as sub-half-wavelength localization to contrast it with the usual atom localization result of four peaks spread over one wavelength of the standing wave. We observe two localization peaks in either of the two half-wavelength regions along the cavity axis.
description: Accepted for publication to Physical Review A
A statistical analysis of probabilistic counting algorithms
Creators: name: Clifford, Peter
name: Cosma, Ioana A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper considers the problem of cardinality estimation in data stream applications. We present a statistical analysis of probabilistic counting algorithms, focusing on two techniques that use pseudo-random variates to form low-dimensional data sketches. We apply conventional statistical methods to compare probabilistic algorithms based on storing either selected order statistics, or random projections. We derive estimators of the cardinality in both cases, and show that the maximal-term estimator is recursively computable and has exponentially decreasing error bounds. Furthermore, we show that the estimators have comparable asymptotic efficiency, and explain this result by demonstrating an unexpected connection between the two approaches.
description: 19 pages, 0 figures
A dynamically reconfigurable system architecture and FPGA based servo controller for distributed machine tool control
Creators: name: Oldknow, Kevin David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents the design and analysis of a novel system and protocol for the automatic configuration and dynamic reconfiguration of distributed machine tool control systems. The basis for the system is the UBC Open Architecture Control System reference model. A virtual machine abstraction of the underlying machine tool controller is implemented in an object-oriented extension to the ANS Forth programming language, and used to facilitate hardware independence. A reconfigurable binding table translates virtual machine method calls into appropriate hardware dependent routines. These hardware dependent routines are established in the system via the interpretive translation of a stream of tokenized code, retrieved from device firmware. The tokenizing scheme used is based on the IEEE 1275 Open Firmware standard. A Field-Programmable Gate Array based servo controller, designed to be compatible with the Open Configuration System, is also presented. The servo controller is implemented on a prototyping board incorporating a 20,000 gate Xilinx FPGA and 32 kiloByte RAM chip, with the addition of a filter to convert a pulse-width modulated signal to an analog amplifier reference signal. The controller is capable of driving a single machine tool (or robotic) axis, and has been integrated into a laboratory test-stand comprising a current-controlled DC motor loop and incremental quadrature position feedback.
Unsupervised domain adaptation based COVID-19 CT infection segmentation network
Creators: name: Chen, Han
name: Jiang, Yifan
name: Loew, Murray
name: Ko, Hanseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Automatic segmentation of infection areas in computed tomography (CT) images has proven to be an effective diagnosis approach for COVID-19. However, due to the limited number of pixel-level annotated medical images, accurate segmentation remains a major challenge. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation based segmentation network to improve the segmentation performance of the infection areas in COVID-19 CT images. In particular, we propose to utilize the synthetic data and limited unlabeled real COVID-19 CT images to jointly train the segmentation network. Furthermore, we develop a novel domain adaptation module, which is used to align the two domains and effectively improve segmentation network's generalization capability to the real domain. Besides, we propose an unsupervised adversarial training scheme, which encourages the segmentation network to learn the domain-invariant feature, so that the robust feature can be used for segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve state-of-the-art segmentation performance on COVID-19 CT images.
Propeller-driven Outflows and Disk Oscillations
Creators: name: Romanova, M. M.
name: Ustyugova, G. V.
name: Koldoba, A. V.
name: Lovelace, R. V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of propeller-driven outflows in axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations of disk accretion to rapidly rotating magnetized stars. Matter outflows in a wide cone and is centrifugally ejected from the inner regions of the disk. Closer to the axis there is a strong, collimated, magnetically dominated outflow of energy and angular momentum carried by the open magnetic field lines from the star. The ``efficiency'' of the propeller may be very high in the respect that most of the incoming disk matter is expelled from the system in winds. The star spins-down rapidly due to the magnetic interaction with the disk through closed field lines and with corona through open field lines. Diffusive and viscous interaction between magnetosphere and the disk are important: no outflows were observed for very small values of the diffusivity and viscosity. These simulation results are applicable to the early stages of evolution of classical T Tauri stars and to different stages of evolution of cataclysmic variables and neutron stars in binary systems. As an example, we have shown that young rapidly rotating magnetized CTTSs spin-down to their present slow rotation in less than 10^6 years.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, see animation in http://www.astro.cornell.edu/us-rus/animation/a_strong.htm
Numerical Study of Non-uniqueness for 2D Compressible Isentropic Euler Equations
Creators: name: Bressan, Alberto
name: Jiang, Yi
name: Liu, Hailiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L65, 76N10, 65M60

description: In this paper, we numerically study a class of solutions with spiraling singularities in vorticity for two-dimensional, inviscid, compressible Euler systems, where the initial data have an algebraic singularity in vorticity at the origin. These are different from the multi-dimensional Riemann problems widely studied in the literature. Our computations provide numerical evidence of the existence of initial value problems with multiple solutions, thus revealing a fundamental obstruction toward the well-posedness of the governing equations. The compressible Euler equations are solved using the positivity-preserving discontinuous Galerkin method.
description: 16 pages, 26 figures; accepted manuscript
Hall Number in YbRh2Si2
Creators: name: Norman, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental studies have revealed an abrupt change in the Hall number at a field tuned quantum critical point in the heavy fermion magnet YbRh2Si2. We investigate this by calculating the local density band structure for this metal and the appropriate transport integrals. We find the Fermi surface to be multi-sheeted with the two largest sheets having opposite sign contributions to the Hall number. Small changes in the f electron occupation are sufficient to reproduce the observed large change in the Hall number. This suggests that YbRh2Si2 may be the first example of a quantum critical valence fluctuator.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Luminous solar neutrinos I: Dipole portals
Creators: name: Plestid, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar neutrinos upscattering inside the Earth can source unstable particles that can decay inside terrestrial detectors. Contrary to naive expectations we show that when the decay length is much shorter than the radius of the \emph{Earth} (rather than the detector), the event rate is independent of the decay length. In this paper we study a transition dipole operator (neutrino dipole portal) and show that Borexino's existing data probes previously untouched parameter space in the 0.5--20 MeV regime, complementing recent cosmological and supernova bounds. We briefly comment on similarities and differences with luminous dark matter and comment on future prospects for analogous signals stemming from atmospheric neutrinos.
description: Code made public, bug fixed, sensitivities updated, qualitative results unchanged
Stealthy Targeted Backdoor Attacks Against Image Captioning
Creators: name: Fan, Wenshu
name: Li, Hongwei
name: Jiang, Wenbo
name: Hao, Meng
name: Yu, Shui
name: Zhang, Xiao
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, there is an explosive growth in multimodal learning. Image captioning, a classical multimodal task, has demonstrated promising applications and attracted extensive research attention. However, recent studies have shown that image caption models are vulnerable to some security threats such as backdoor attacks. Existing backdoor attacks against image captioning typically pair a trigger either with a predefined sentence or a single word as the targeted output, yet they are unrelated to the image content, making them easily noticeable as anomalies by humans. In this paper, we present a novel method to craft targeted backdoor attacks against image caption models, which are designed to be stealthier than prior attacks. Specifically, our method first learns a special trigger by leveraging universal perturbation techniques for object detection, then places the learned trigger in the center of some specific source object and modifies the corresponding object name in the output caption to a predefined target name. During the prediction phase, the caption produced by the backdoored model for input images with the trigger can accurately convey the semantic information of the rest of the whole image, while incorrectly recognizing the source object as the predefined target. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach can achieve a high attack success rate while having a negligible impact on model clean performance. In addition, we show our method is stealthy in that the produced backdoor samples are indistinguishable from clean samples in both image and text domains, which can successfully bypass existing backdoor defenses, highlighting the need for better defensive mechanisms against such stealthy backdoor attacks.
The Blue Supergiant Progenitor of the Supernova Imposter AT~2019krl
Creators: name: Andrews, Jennifer E.
name: Jencson, Jacob E.
name: Van Dyk, Schuyler D.
name: Neustadt, Jack M. M.
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Sand, David J.
name: Kreckel, K.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Strader, Jay
name: Bersten, M. C.
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
name: Bostroem, K. Azalee
name: Brink, Thomas G.
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Folatelli, Gastón
name: Kasliwal, Mansi M.
name: Masci, Frank J.
name: McElroy, Rebecca
name: Milisavljevic, Dan
name: Santoro, Francesco
name: Szalai, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive archival \textit{Hubble Space Telescope}, \textit{Spitzer Space Telescope}, and Large Binocular Telescope imaging of the recent intermediate-luminosity transient, AT~2019krl in M74, reveal a bright optical and mid-infrared progenitor star. While the optical peak of the event was missed, a peak was detected in the infrared with an absolute magnitude of $M_{4.5\,μ{\rm m}} = -18.4$ mag, leading us to infer a visual-wavelength peak absolute magnitude of $-$13.5 to $-$14.5. The pre-discovery light curve indicated no outbursts over the previous 16\,yr. The colors, magnitudes, and inferred temperatures of the progenitor best match a 13--14 M$_{\sun}$ yellow or blue supergiant (BSG), if only foreground extinction is taken into account, or a hotter and more massive star, if any additional local extinction is included. A pre-eruption spectrum of the star reveals strong H$α$ and [N~{\sc ii}] emission with wings extending to $\pm 2000$\,km\,s$^{-1}$. The post-eruption spectrum is fairly flat and featureless with only H$α$, \ion{Na}{1}~D, [\ion{Ca}{2}], and the \ion{Ca}{2} triplet in emission. As in many previous intermediate-luminosity transients, AT~2019krl shows remarkable observational similarities to luminous blue variable (LBV) giant eruptions, SN~2008S-like events, and massive-star mergers. However, the information about the pre-eruption star favors either a relatively unobscured BSG or a more extinguished LBV with $M > 20$\,M$_{\sun}$ likely viewed pole-on.
description: Accepted to ApJ, 8-Jun-21
Coenen, Lothar / Beyreuther, Erich / u.a., Theologisches Begriffslexikon zum Neuen Testament
Creators: name: Schulz, Otmar
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 3 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 3