cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Survey Propagation as local equilibrium equations
Creators: name: Braunstein, A.
name: Zecchina, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has been shown experimentally that a decimation algorithm based on Survey Propagation (SP) equations allows to solve efficiently some combinatorial problems over random graphs. We show that these equations can be derived as sum-product equations for the computation of marginals in an extended space where the variables are allowed to take an additional value -- $*$ -- when they are not forced by the combinatorial constraints. An appropriate ``local equilibrium condition'' cost/energy function is introduced and its entropy is shown to coincide with the expected logarithm of the number of clusters of solutions as computed by SP. These results may help to clarify the geometrical notion of clusters assumed by SP for the random K-SAT or random graph coloring (where it is conjectured to be exact) and helps to explain which kind of clustering operation or approximation is enforced in general/small sized models in which it is known to be inexact.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 3 of Expression variability of co-regulated genes differentiates Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Creators: name: Carreto, Laura
name: Eiriz, Maria F
name: Domingues, Inês
name: Schuller, Dorit
name: Moura, Gabriela R
name: Santos, Manuel AS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Relevant aCGH data. Summary of gene copy number differences observed between the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains included in this study. Relative gene copy number values (fold change relatively to strain S288C) were obtained by comparative genome hybridization on array (Carreto et al. 2008. BMC Genomics 9: 524). Only genes relevant for discussion in the present manuscript were represented. (PDF 89 KB)
Cosmic Ray Astrophysics and Hadronic Interactions
Creators: name: Lipari, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Research in cosmic rays is now nearly a century old, but most of the fundamental questions in this field remain unanswered, on the other hand the perspectives of future studies in the next decade are very bright. New detectors will provide higher quality data in the entire energy range from 10^8 to 10^{20} eV (or more if particles of higher energy have non negligible fluxes), moreover cosmic ray astrophysics must now be considered, together with gamma, neutrino and gravitational wave astronomy, as one of the subfields of high energy astrophysics, and using information from these four "messengers" there is the potential of a detailed understanding of the origin of the high energy radiation in the universe. High energy cosmic rays are measured indirectly observing the showers they generate in the atmosphere, and a correct and detailed interpretation of these measurements will require an improved understanding of the properties of hadronic interactions. The new collider experiments, and in particular the LHC project at CERN offer the unique possibility to perform measurements of great value for cosmic ray astrophysics. It is of great importance for cosmic research that this possibility is fully exploited with the appropriate instrumentation and analysis.
description: Summary talk at the XII ISVHECRI (Inernational Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions). 16 pages, 9 figures
THE (IN) LEGAL SECURITY OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATOR AND THE AMENDMENT OF THE LAW OF INTRODUCTION TO BRAZILIAN LAW STANDARDS
Creators: name: JOÃO VITOR APARECIDO DE OLIVEIRA MENEZES
name: VIVIANE DUARTE COUTO DE CRISTO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: O presente trabalho visa estudar a segurança jurídica conferida ao administrador público através da inclusão de dez artigos na Lei de Introdução às Normas do Direito Brasileiro, através da Lei 13.655 de 25 abril de 2018, com foco principal no Arts. 24 do referido diploma legal. [...]
Exports of Palm Oil from Ghana: A Demand Analysis
Creators: name: Kuwornu, John K.M.
name: Darko, Francis A.
name: Osei-Asare, Yaw B.
name: Egyir, Irene S.
name: Kuwornu, John K.M.
name: Darko, Francis A.
name: Osei-Asare, Yaw B.
name: Egyir, Irene S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Studies have shown that the economy of Ghana cannot afford to rely solely on cocoa exports. It is imperative to diversify the export base of the Ghanaian economy. In this respect, the palm oil sub-sector of the agricultural sector, which until the early part of the 20th century was the major agricultural export commodity of Ghana, needs to be considered for promotion. Currently the palm oil industry faces the challenge of bleak export potential. This study examines trends in the quantity exported of Ghana's palm oil and quantifies the effects and magnitudes of the determinants of export demand. Empirical analysis of Ghana's palm oil exports from 1987 to 2006 reveals a general upward growth over the study period at an annual growth rate of 23.2 percent.This result can be attributed to the privatization of state-owned oil palm plantations in the 1980s and 1990s.The effects and magnitudes of the determinants of the demand for Ghana palm oil were achieved with ordinary least squares regression. The study identifies the following significant determinants of the demand for Ghana's palm oil: real export price and real domestic price of Ghana's palm oil, real export price of Malaysia's palm oil (a competitor with Ghana's palm oil exports), and real exchange rate in Ghana.A one-percent fall in the real domestic price of Ghana's palm oil will bring about an 11.9-percent increase in the quantity exported (demanded) of Ghana's palm oil by her trading partners; a one-percent increase in the export price of Malaysia's palm oil will increase the demand for Ghana's palm oil by 2.1 percent; quantity demanded of Ghana's palm oil increases by 0.4 percent for every one-percent decrease in the export price of Ghana's palm oil; and a one-percent depreciation of the Ghana cedi against the U.S. dollar will bring about an 11.1-percent increase in the demand for Ghana's palm oil by her trading partners, all other things being equal. This study recommends that a price support system (i.e., maximum­ price legislation) be instituted in the domestic palm oil market to minimize domestic price increases. Policymakers and stakeholders in the palm oil industry should consider the export price of Malaysia's palm oil when pricing Ghana's palm oil in the international market. Exchange-rate stabilization policies should be strengthened in order to promote mutually beneficial trade between Ghana and palm oil-importing countries.
Entanglement in coupled kicked tops with chaotic dynamics
Creators: name: Herrmann, Tabea
name: Kieler, Maximilian F. I.
name: Fritzsch, Felix
name: Bäcker, Arnd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement of eigenstates in two coupled, classically chaotic kicked tops is studied in dependence of their interaction strength. The transition from the non-interacting and unentangled system towards full random matrix behavior is governed by a universal scaling parameter. Using suitable random matrix transition ensembles we express this transition parameter as a function of the subsystem sizes and the coupling strength for both unitary and orthogonal symmetry classes. The universality is confirmed for the level spacing statistics of the coupled kicked tops and a perturbative description is in good agreement with numerical results. The statistics of Schmidt eigenvalues and entanglement entropies of eigenstates is found to follow a universal scaling as well. Remarkably this is not only the case for large subsystems of equal size but also if one of them is much smaller. For the entanglement entropies a perturbative description is obtained, which can be extended to large couplings and provides very good agreement with numerical results. Furthermore, the transition of the statistics of the entanglement spectrum towards the random matrix limit is demonstrated for different ratios of the subsystem sizes.
Demand for Organic and Conventional Baby Food
Creators: name: LeBeaux, Victoria S.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Huang, Chung L.
name: LeBeaux, Victoria S.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Huang, Chung L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Demand and Price Analysis

description: The organic segment of the food industry had sales of $17 billion in 2006, with an annual growth rate of 20 percent The growth in organic baby food has paralleled the overall growth in organic foods. The organic niche for baby-food processors and retailers may continue to be a window of opportunity for increasing sales in an otherwise stagnant industry. Inorder to exam the extent of this opportunity, information is needed regarding consumer demand. The LA/ AIDS model is used to estimate aggregate consumer responsiveness to changes in prices and expenditures. Results show that organic baby-food consumers are price sensitive-that is, they are willing to buy more organic baby food as prices continue to fall. However, our analysis also shows that as the market for organic baby food expands, there is less opportunity for growth than in the past.
Additional file 1 of Analysis of endophyte diversity of two Gentiana plants species and the association with secondary metabolite
Creators: name: Hou, Qin Zheng
name: Chen, Da Wei
name: Wang, Yu Pei
name: Ehmet, Nurbiye
name: Ma, Jing
name: Sun, Kun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table 1S. The effective tags of endophytic fungi and bacteria of different Gentiana species. Table 2S. The goods_coverage of endophytic fungi and bacteria of different Gentiana species. Figure 1S. Relative abundances of the endophytic fungi at the phylum level (A) and endophytic bacteria at the phylum level (B). “Other” represents the total of relative abundance outside top ten maximum relative abundance levels.
Data from: MOTMOT: Models of trait macroevolution on trees (an update)
Creators: name: Puttick, Mark
name: Ingram, Travis
name: Clarke, Magnus
name: Thomas, Gavin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Code to generate simulations and analyses Mammaliaformes body mass evolution is available in the online materials.
Rigged Hilbert Space Approach to the Schrodinger Equation
Creators: name: de la Madrid, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the natural framework for the solutions of any Schrodinger equation whose spectrum has a continuous part is the Rigged Hilbert Space rather than just the Hilbert space. The difficulties of using only the Hilbert space to handle unbounded Schrodinger Hamiltonians whose spectrum has a continuous part are disclosed. Those difficulties are overcome by using an appropriate Rigged Hilbert Space (RHS). The RHS is able to associate an eigenket to each energy in the spectrum of the Hamiltonian, regardless of whether the energy belongs to the discrete or to the continuous part of the spectrum. The collection of eigenkets corresponding to both discrete and continuous spectra forms a basis system that can be used to expand any physical wave function. Thus the RHS treats discrete energies (discrete spectrum) and scattering energies (continuous spectrum) on the same footing.
description: 27 RevTex pages
Great Lakes Organic Produce in Wholesale and Retail Grocery Markets: Opportunities and Challenges from Michigan
Creators: name: Martinez, Lourdes R.
name: Conner, David
name: Bingen, R. James
name: Reardon, Emily
name: Martinez, Lourdes R.
name: Conner, David
name: Bingen, R. James
name: Reardon, Emily
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: Demand for organic products continues to grow by about 20 percent per year, and certified or­ganic farmers continue to receive premium prices for most organic fresh produce. Currently, most conventional supermarket and wholesale buyers purchase produce from large-scale domestic or international grower-shippers. We investigate the potential of increasing the preponderance of Great Lakes Organics (GLO) as produce defined by "or­ganic" and provenance, as well as by other attributes (e.g., sustainable, agro-ecological farming methods; small- to medium-scale family farm; socially just; and other values) which may be embedded in the product. The limited participation of GLO in con­ventional retail market channels prompts two main research questions: (i) can GLO enter retail and wholesale market outlets? and (ii) what policy and firm strategies would address market barriers and improve the GLO's competitive advantages in the Upper Great Lakes?
A NICER Look at Strong X-ray Obscuration in the Seyfert-2 Galaxy NGC 4388
Creators: name: Miller, J. M.
name: Kammoun, E.
name: Ludlam, R. M.
name: Gendreau, K.
name: Arzoumanian, Z.
name: Cackett, E.
name: Tombesi, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the time-averaged spectrum of the Seyfert-2 active galaxy NGC 4388, obtained by NICER. The intrinsic strength of the reflection spectrum in NGC 4388, the large collecting area and favorable pass band of NICER, and a net exposure of 105.6 ks yielded an exceptionally sensitive spectrum. Using two independent families of models, the intrinsic spectrum from the central engine is found to be highly obscured but not Compton-thick. Enforcing physical self-consistency within each model, the independent treatments give formally consistent results: N_H = 2.67 (-0.03,+0.02) E+23 cm^-2 or N_H = 2.64 (-0.03, +0.03) E+23 cm^-2. Past measurements made with Suzaku and XMM-Newton are in broad agreement with these column density values. A more recent measurement with NuSTAR (in late 2013) recorded a column density about twice as large; the robustness of this variability is reinforced by the use of consistent models and procedures. The neutral Fe K-alpha line in the NICER spectrum is nominally resolved and consistent with an origin in the optical broad line region (BLR). The data also require ionized absorption in the Fe K band, similar to the "warm absorbers" detected in Seyfert-1 active galactic nuclei (AGN). The low-energy spectrum is consistent with a set of ionized plasma components. We discuss these findings and note that the geometric inferences that derive from this analysis can be tested with XRISM and Athena.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 6 of Expression variability of co-regulated genes differentiates Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Creators: name: Carreto, Laura
name: Eiriz, Maria F
name: Domingues, Inês
name: Schuller, Dorit
name: Moura, Gabriela R
name: Santos, Manuel AS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Correlation between gene expression and aCGH. Correlation between relative transcript abundance and putative differences in gene load was found for some genes. The relative transcript abundance values determined for each strain relatively to those of strain S288C were plotted against the relative gene copy number differences for the same strains. The analysis was performed using the datasets from T2 (Panel A) and T4 (Panel B) stages of fermentation. (PDF 60 KB)
Karnyothrips Watson 1923
Creators: name: Cavalleri, Adriano
name: Lindner, Mariana F.
name: Mendonça Jr, Milton de S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Phlaeothripidae
Karnyothrips

description: Karnyothrips Watson
 Type species: Karynia weigeli Watson.
 Almost 50 species are included in this genus, most of them described from the New World (ThripsWiki 2015). It is probably polyphyletic, with several species not well differentiated from Apterygothrips species (Mound and Minaei 2007). Some Karnyothrips species are very similar to Haplothrips, but antennal segment IV usually has three sense cones or fewer, and the fore tarsi bear a small tooth. The anal setae of some species are unusually longer than the tube, and those species from the Neotropics often exhibit a well-developed male pore plate on sternite VIII (Mound and Marullo 1996). The members of this group are probably all predatory on small arthropods (Mound and Marullo 1996; Mound and Minaei 2007). The species Karnyothrips grassoi comb. nov. (De Santis) was originally described in Adraneothrips and subsequently transferred to Apterygothrips by De Santis (1980) without major comments apart from the sense cone formula. The type series of this species was examined at MLP and the holotype and many paratypes are fully winged. Moreover, the presence of one sense cone on antennal segment III is also exhibited by the New World Karnyothrips caxamarca Hood and K. longiceps Hood. Karnyothrips grassoi, however, is unusual in bearing only two sense cones on antennal segment IV. In addition, Karnyothrips longiceps (Hood) which was described from the USA is here recorded from Brazil for the first time, living on dead twigs in Itaituba, Pará state, Northern Brazil. A key to the Central and South American Karnyothrips species is provided by Mound and Marullo (1996).
description: Published as part of Cavalleri, Adriano, Lindner, Mariana F. & Mendonça Jr, Milton de S., 2016, New Neotropical Haplothripini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) with a key to Central and South American genera, pp. 1389-1410 in Journal of Natural History 50 on page 1405, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1113316, http://zenodo.org/record/5206276
Effect of protein binding on exposure of unbound and total mycophenolic acid: a population pharmacokinetic analysis in Chinese adult kidney transplant recipients
Creators: name: Sheng, Changcheng
name: Zhao, Qun
name: Niu, Wanjie
name: Qiu, Xiaoyan
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Jiao, Zheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: AIMS A population pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was performed to: (1) characterise the PK of unbound and total mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its 7-O-mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG) metabolite, and (2) identify the clinically significant covariates that cause variability in the dose-exposure relationship to facilitate dose optimisation. METHODS A total of 740 unbound MPA (uMPA), 741 total MPA (tMPA) and 734 total MPAG (tMPAG) concentration-time data from 58 Chinese kidney transplant patients were analysed using a nonlinear mixed-effect model. The influence of covariates was tested using a stepwise procedure. RESULTS The PK of unbound MPA and MPAG were characterised by a two- and one-compartment model with first-order elimination, respectively. Apparent clearance of uMPA (CLuMPA/F) was estimated to be 852 L/h with a relative standard error (RSE) of 7.1%. The tMPA and uMPA were connected using a linear protein binding model, in which the protein binding rate constant (kB) increased non-linearly with the serum albumin (ALB) concentration. The estimated kB was 53.4 /h (RSE, 2.3%) for patients with ALB of 40 g/L. In addition, model-based simulation showed that changes in ALB substantially affected tMPA but not uMPA exposure. CONCLUSIONS The established model adequately described the population PK characteristics of the uMPA, tMPA, and MPAG. The estimated CLuMPA/F and unbound fraction of MPA (FUMPA) in Chinese kidney transplant recipients were comparable to those published previously in Caucasians. We recommend monitoring uMPA instead of tMPA to optimise mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) dosing for patients with lower ALB levels.
description: 39 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures, 1 supplementary table and 1 supplementary figure
Soft gluon resummation in the quark-vector boson vertex at high energy: On-mass-shell case
Creators: name: Cherednikov, Igor O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resummation of the soft gluon radiative corrections for the quark-vector boson vertex is performed within the path-integral (world-line) approach. The leading order expression for the vacuum averaged Wilson integral for an arbitrary gauge field is found in n-dimensional space-time. The cusp anomalous dimension of the color non-singlet Sudakov form factor of on-mass-shell quark is calculated in an arbitrary covariant gauge in the one-loop order, and the leading double-logarithmic asymptotical behavior is obtained from the corresponding evolution equation.
description: Many changes and additions in the text, the main results unchanged. Accepted to EPJA; title changed in the journal version. 6pp, EPJA style
DNA mismatch repair deficiency and telomere dynamics
Creators: name: Navas, Maria Del Carmen Garrido
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is the hallmark of Lynch syndrome (LS), an autosomal inherited predisposition for an early onset of colorectal cancer (CRC) characterized by the presence of high levels of microsatellite instability. CRC cell lines carrying a MMR gene mutation show higher mutation rates than MMR-proficient cells not only at microsatellites but also at telomeres. Here, the MMR protein MSH2 was downregulated in WI38 cells using an shRNA and stable clones were grown in a 5% O2 environment to reduce the effect of oxidative stress on the telomere shortening rate (TSR). It was found that clones with a greater than 60% protein downregulation had a higher TSR with an exponential relationship between protein content and TSR for the B but not the _ allele for 12q what might be related with the telomeric variant repeat structure. Additionally, oxidative stress was found to have a synergistic effect on TSR together with MMR deficiency. Mutant XpYp telomeres generated from LoVo (MSH2–/–) were studied by telomere variant repeat (TVR) analysis to understand the mutation process and a tendency towards deletions was suggested. Furthermore, a novel 3rd next generation sequencing technology was tested to obtain full information of the telomere repeat array establishing the bases for future experiments. Finally, telomere length was measured in saliva DNA from 37 controls and 91 LS patients. It was found that telomeres shortened with age at similar rates in both cohorts and no significant relationship was found between telomere length and age for MLH1+/– patients. Besides, MSH2+/– patients had significantly shorter age-adjusted telomere length for XpYp but not 12q than MMR+/+ and parent-children pair comparisons for age-adjusted telomere lengths showed that MMR+/+ children had longer telomeres than their MMR+/– siblings and their MMR+/– parent but shorter than their MMR+/+ parent.
Detecting dark matter using centrifuging techniques
Creators: name: Mitra, S.
name: Foot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new and inexpensive technique for detecting self interacting dark matter in the form of small grains in bulk matter is proposed. Depending on the interactions with ordinary matter, dark matter grains in bulk matter may be isolated by using a centrifuge and using ordinary matter as a filter. The case of mirror matter interacting with ordinary matter via photon-mirror photon kinetic mixing provides a concrete example of this type of dark matter candidate.
description: About 9 pages
Mapping of Local and Global Synapses on Spiking Neuromorphic Hardware
Creators: name: Das, Anup
name: Wu, Yuefeng
name: Huynh, Khanh
name: Dell'Anna, Francesco
name: Catthoor, Francky
name: Schaafsma, Siebren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are widely deployed to solve complex pattern recognition, function approximation and image classification tasks. With the growing size and complexity of these networks, hardware implementation becomes challenging because scaling up the size of a single array (crossbar) of fully connected neurons is no longer feasible due to strict energy budget. Modern neromorphic hardware integrates small-sized crossbars with time-multiplexed interconnects. Partitioning SNNs becomes essential in order to map them on neuromorphic hardware with the major aim to reduce the global communication latency and energy overhead. To achieve this goal, we propose our instantiation of particle swarm optimization, which partitions SNNs into local synapses (mapped on crossbars) and global synapses (mapped on time-multiplexed interconnects), with the objective of reducing spike communication on the interconnect. This improves latency, power consumption as well as application performance by reducing inter-spike interval distortion and spike disorders. Our framework is implemented in Python, interfacing CARLsim, a GPU-accelerated application-level spiking neural network simulator with an extended version of Noxim, for simulating time-multiplexed interconnects. Experiments are conducted with realistic and synthetic SNN-based applications with different computation models, topologies and spike coding schemes. Using power numbers from in-house neuromorphic chips, we demonstrate significant reductions in energy consumption and spike latency over PACMAN, the widely-used partitioning technique for SNNs on SpiNNaker.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, published in 2018 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE)
An Examination of Consumers' Rankings of the Dietary Recommendations
Creators: name: McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.
name: Harbor, Anetra L.
name: McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.
name: Harbor, Anetra L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The results suggest that when given the opportunity to assign importance rankings to nine dietary recommendations, consumers rank the recommendation for daily intake of fruits and vegetables the highest. Additionally, the ranking for fruit and vegetable intake is uniform for all three racial groups: Caucasians, African-Americans, and other races. However, about 69 percent of the 1,300 consumers agree or strongly agree that there are so many dietary recommenda­tions about healthy ways to eat that it is hard to know what to believe.
B -> pi pi, New Physics in B -> pi K and Implications for Rare K and B Decays
Creators: name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: Fleischer, Robert
name: Recksiegel, Stefan
name: Schwab, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measured B -> pi pi, pi K branching ratios exhibit puzzling patterns. We point out that the B -> pi pi hierarchy can be nicely accommodated in the Standard Model (SM) through non-factorizable hadronic interference effects, whereas the B -> pi K system may indicate new physics (NP) in the electroweak (EW) penguin sector. Using the B -> pi pi data and the SU(3) flavour symmetry, we may fix the hadronic B -> pi K parameters, which allows us to show that any currently observed feature of the B -> pi K system can be easily explained through enhanced EW penguins with a large CP-violating NP phase. Restricting ourselves to a specific scenario, where NP enters only through Z^0 penguins, we derive links to rare K and B decays, where an enhancement of the K_L-> pi^0 nu nu_bar rate by one order of magnitude, with BR(K_L -> pi^0 nu nu_bar) > BR(K^+ -> pi^+ nu nu_bar), BR(K_L -> pi^0 e^+ e^-)=O(10^{-10}), (\sin2β)_{pi nu nu_bar}<0, and a large forward-backward CP asymmetry in B_d -> K* mu^+ mu^-, are the most spectacular effects. We address also other rare K and B decays, epsilon'/epsilon and B_d -> phi K_S.
description: 6 pages, LaTeX, reference added and a few typos correced, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Myrciathrips Cavalleri & Lindner & Mendonça Jr 2016, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Cavalleri, Adriano
name: Lindner, Mariana F.
name: Mendonça Jr, Milton de S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Thysanoptera
Phlaeothripidae
Myrciathrips

description: Myrciathrips gen. nov.
(Figures 5, 6)
Both sexes macropterous. Head long, slightly constricted basally; with one pair of postocular setae expanded at tip and close to cheeks; maxillary bridge present; mouth cone rounded at tip; antenna eight-segmented, segment III with two and IV with four sense cones; segment VIII slightly constricted at base. Pronotum trapezoidal, with only pa and epim setae well developed. Notopleural sutures complete, basantra present; mesopraesternum large and entire; spinasternum enlarged and oval. Fore femora enlarged in females; fore tarsi bearing both hamus and tooth. Fore wings weakly constricted medially, basal setae unusually small. Pelta triangular, two pairs of wing-retaining setae, but females frequently have a third sigmoid seta anterolaterally. Males with a large pore plate in sternite VIII, tergite IX setae S2 short and acute.
description: Published as part of Cavalleri, Adriano, Lindner, Mariana F. & Mendonça Jr, Milton de S., 2016, New Neotropical Haplothripini (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) with a key to Central and South American genera, pp. 1389-1410 in Journal of Natural History 50 on page 1407, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1113316, http://zenodo.org/record/5206276
Frobenius splitting and ordinarity
Creators: name: Joshi, Kirti
name: Rajan, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We examine the relationship between the notion of Frobenius splitting and ordinarity for varieties. We show the following: a) The de Rham-Witt cohomology groups $H^i(X, W({\mathcal O}_X))$ of a smooth projective Frobenius split variety are finitely generated over $W(k)$. b) we provide counterexamples to a question of V. B. Mehta that Frobenius split varieties are ordinary or even Hodge-Witt. c) a Kummer $K3$ surface associated to an Abelian surface is $F$-split (ordinary) if and only if the associated Abelian surface is $F$-split (ordinary). d) for a $K3$-surface defined over a number field, there is a set of primes of density one in some finite extension of the base field, over which the surface acquires ordinary reduction. This paper should be read along with first author's paper `Exotic torsion, Frobenius splitting and the slope spectral sequence' which is also available in this archive.
description: AMSLaTeX
Assessing the Dimensions of Transaction Cost in the Poultry Industry: The Case of the Ashanti Region of Ghana
Creators: name: Kuwornu, John K.M.
name: Opoku, Michael K.
name: Kwadzo, George Tsey-Mensah
name: Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi
name: Kuwornu, John K.M.
name: Opoku, Michael K.
name: Kwadzo, George Tsey-Mensah
name: Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper analyzes the dimensions of transaction cost in the poultry industry. We analyze asset specificity, frequency, uncertainty, and opportunism in the poultry industry in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. We examine these dimensions for all firms in the production chain: input suppliers, producers, wholesalers, and retailers. The empirical analyses for this industry consisting of 128 firms (18 input suppliers, 50 farmers, 20 wholesalers, and 40 retailers) reveal that retailers' assets are specific and cannot be redeployed for other purposes; retailers experience some opportunistic (self-seeking) behavior from trading partners (i.e., producers, wholesalers, or both), and wholesalers also experience opportunism from their trading partners (i.e., producers, retailers, or both). The assets of input suppliers and produc­ ers are not specific and can be redeployed for other purposes. Transaction was frequent and certain for all the firms in the industry. Based on these results we recommend that retailers should have market-contract relationships with both wholesalers and farmers to safeguard themselves against the hazards of opportunistic behavior, as their assets are specific. Furthermore, wholesalers should also have some market-contract relationship with farmers to protect them from farmers' opportunistic behavior.
The Concept of Happiness Skillful Actions and Good Morality.pdf
Creators: name: Junaidi Nyanabhadra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170111 Psychology of Religion
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This paper aims to answer the simple question: what is the concept of happiness according to Buddhism? How significance the skillful actions that are linked to good morality to produce happiness, and how important the unskillful actions performed by a clouded mind yield unhappiness.Those who are at peace in the present moment might be able to feel a glimpse of happiness just by reading the few sentences. On the other hand, those who are not at ease right now might wish to dispel their uneasiness. What are the elements that contribute to our happiness, according to Buddhism?Human life aims to find happiness and avoid suffering, many people in our society and spiritual leader has laid down so many ways to happiness, but still, nowadays human being is wondering what is true happiness. We want to attain happiness, but many times we behave in the opposite direction. If we can understand the essence of happiness, then the chance to realize it will require little effort.
Additional file 4 of Expression variability of co-regulated genes differentiates Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Creators: name: Carreto, Laura
name: Eiriz, Maria F
name: Domingues, Inês
name: Schuller, Dorit
name: Moura, Gabriela R
name: Santos, Manuel AS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Variability in TATA box genes. Variability in gene expression was biased towards TATA box genes. The graphics show the frequency of TATA box genes as a function of gene expression variability. The average deviation from the mean of the relative gene expression value was taken as a measure of expression variability. Panel A was obtained considering all the investigated strains while Panel B represents the distribution obtained for the environmental and commercial strains. (PDF 55 KB)
The DSHARP Rings: Evidence of Ongoing Planetesimal Formation?
Creators: name: Stammler, Sebastian M.
name: Drazkowska, Joanna
name: Birnstiel, Til
name: Klahr, Hubert
name: Dullemond, Cornelis P.
name: Andrews, Sean M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high-resolution interferometric observations of protoplanetary disks at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths reveal omnipresent substructures, such as rings, spirals, and asymmetries. A detailed investigation of eight rings detected in five disks by the DSHARP survey came to the conclusion that all rings are just marginally optically thick with optical depths between 0.2 and 0.5 at a wavelength of 1.25 mm. This surprising result could either be coincidental or indicate that the optical depth in all of the rings is regulated by the same process. We investigated if ongoing planetesimal formation could explain the "fine-tuned" optical depths in the DSHARP rings by removing dust and transforming it into "invisible" planetesimals. We performed a one-dimensional simulation of dust evolution in the second dust ring of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296, including radial transport of gas and dust, dust growth and fragmentation, and planetesimal formation via gravitational collapse of sufficiently dense pebble concentrations. We show that planetesimal formation can naturally explain the observed optical depths if streaming instability regulates the midplane dust-to-gas ratio to unity. Furthermore, our simple monodisperse analytical model supports the hypothesis that planetesimal formation in dust rings should universally limit their optical depth to the observed range.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
The Ostrich Industry in Ghana: Prospects and Performance
Creators: name: Osei-Asare, Yaw B.
name: Incoom, Raymond
name: Kuwornu, John K.M.
name: Osei-Asare, Yaw B.
name: Incoom, Raymond
name: Kuwornu, John K.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: The number of ostrich farms in Ghana has increased lately as a result of the high and faster financial returns these farms are accruing. This study assesses the performance of MacBaron Ostrich Farm by examining the trends in its output, operating performance, profitability, market structure, and future projections of income. Generally, there have been decreasing trends in meat output, value of hide exports, and sales at monthly rates of 0.58 percent, 0.25 percent, and 0.22 percent, respectively. Despite these low and declining trends, the profit level over the years has been increasing at 19.6 percent annually. The structure of the ostrich market mimics an oligopolistic market. Income projections using the three-year moving average revealed that the business will still be profitable over the next five years. The study recommends that MacBaron diversify its output by exploring other markets for ostrich products, such as processing the feathers and eggshells, and by increasing the bird slaughter rate since profit is a function of output. Water and electricity costs should be reduced by the use of energy saving bulbs and the maintenance of all thermostats in electrical systems in the brooder house. High-pressure, low-volume cleaning systems and nozzles on all water sprays should be employed The study further recommends that proper records be kept to ensure good management and planning of inventory.
Additional file 1 of Assigning protein function from domain-function associations using DomFun
Creators: name: Rojano, Elena
name: Jabato, Fernando M.
name: Perkins, James R.
name: Córdoba-Caballero, José
name: García-Criado, Federico
name: Sillitoe, Ian
name: Orengo, Christine
name: Ranea, Juan A. G.
name: Seoane-Zonjic, Pedro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Table S1: Fmax values for all DomFun methods and all combinations of evaluation scenarios and ontologies, compared to the highest equivalent value from CAFA 3 and the baseline methods. Type 1: no knowledge, type 2: limited knowledge. Mode 1: Full, mode 2: partial. FF: FunFams, SF: superfamilies. Jac: Jaccard, Sim: Simpson, PCC: Pearson correlation coe_cient, HyI: hypergeometric. Sto: Stou_er, Fis: Fisher.
Fog Mediated Security in the Internet of Things
Creators: name: Owusu, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Extending cloud computing applications to fog computers provides a rich hybrid cloud computing platform for liberating mobile and embedded devices from severe resource constraints. However, the security techniques that are well-suited to the traditional cloud computing model do not adequately protect against the increased cyber-physical and privacy risk element of the Internet of Things (IoT). Off-premise code execution in the hybrid cloud computing
model must be resilient against both malicious software and an adversary with physical access. Moreover, in the absence of user-controlled and remotely verifiable data protection
mechanisms, individuals must implicitly rely upon application service providers — including the full software stack responsible for the deployment, management, and monitoring of cloud workloads — for the handling of personal data. This work develops the concept of fog mediation — a fog computing systems design pattern, derived exclusively from the physical microstructure of commodity CPUs, for generating user-controlled cryptographic key material and, thereupon, mediating the usability, security, and privacy requirements of security-sensitive Internet of Things applications.
The tamper-evident key generation properties of an isolated execution environment enable security-sensitive application logic and data to move freely between on-premise and offpremise computing resources. Fog mediation maps the variegated device capabilities of the IoT to a manageable set of mandatory protections and discretionary controls that accord with the application requirements and the data handling preferences of individuals. How we regulate the use of data in the context of IoT has significant implications for
individual rights with regards to personal data and notions of privacy and cybersecurity in an increasingly connected society. The policy analysis focuses on laws, standards, and regulations relevant to the use of IoT in the United States. In particular, this work investigates policy measures that could be adopted through the joint efforts of U.S. federal and state regulation, private sector self-regulation, transnational technical standards organizations, and consumer-oriented non-governmental organizations.
The first steps of Interstellar Phosphorus Chemistry
Creators: name: Chantzos, Johanna
name: Rivilla, Victor M.
name: Vasyunin, Anton
name: Redaelli, Elena
name: Bizzocchi, Luca
name: Fontani, Francesco
name: Caselli, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorus-bearing species are an essential key to form life on Earth, however they have barely been detected in the interstellar medium. Since only PN and PO have been identified so far towards star-forming regions, the chemical formation pathways of P-bearing molecules are not easy to constrain and are thus highly debatable. An important factor still missing in the chemical models is the initial elemental abundance of phosphorus, i.e. the depletion level of P. In order to overcome this problem, we study P-bearing species in diffuse/translucent clouds. In these objects phosphorus is mainly in the gas phase and therefore the elemental initial abundance needed in our chemical simulations corresponds to the cosmic one and is thus well constrained. An advanced chemical model with an updated P-chemistry network has been used. Single-pointing observations were performed with the IRAM 30m telescope towards the line of sight to the blazar B0355+508 aiming for the (2-1) transitions of PN, PO, HCP and CP. This line of sight incorporates five diffuse/translucent clouds. The (2-1) transitions of the PN, PO, HCP and CP were not detected. We report detections of the (1-0) lines of $\mathrm{^{13}CO}$, HNC and CN along with a first detection of $\mathrm{C^{34}S}$. We have reproduced the observations of HNC, CN, CS and CO in every cloud by applying typical conditions for diffuse/translucent clouds. According to our best-fit model, the most abundant P-bearing species are HCP and CP ($\sim10^{-10}$), followed by PN, PO and $\mathrm{PH_3}$ ($\sim10^{-11}$). We show that the production of P-bearing species is favoured towards translucent rather than diffuse clouds, where the environment provides a stronger shielding from the interstellar radiation. Based on our improved model, the (1-0) transitions of HCP, CP, PN and PO are expected to be detectable with estimated intensities up to $\sim200$ mK.
Supermarkets and the Nutrition Transition in Kenya
Creators: name: Rischke, Ramona
name: Simon, Chege Kimenju
name: Matin, Qaim
name: Stephan, Klasen
name: Rischke, Ramona
name: Simon, Chege Kimenju
name: Matin, Qaim
name: Stephan, Klasen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Nutrition transition
subject: supermarkets
subject: food consumption
subject: malnutrition
subject: overweight
subject: obesity

description: Many low income countries are experiencing a “nutrition transition” towards the consumption of more energy-dense, highly processed foods and beverages that are often high in caloric sweeteners, fat and salt. Changing lifestyles and urbanisation have coincided with a ‘retail revolution’, a rapid advance of supermarkets even in remote areas. Among the consequences of the nutrition transition have been expanding waistlines and surging rates of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, including diabetes, heart diseases and certain cancers. Given the still prevailing rates of under-nutrition, affected countries face a double burden of malnutrition, and individuals that have overcome food poverty risk often remain health-poor. The effect of supermarkets on consumers’ diets and the nutrition transition remains unclear: By offering stable and consistent access to a wide range of foods with different dietary qualities, supermarkets could either discourage or contribute to the consumption of a well-balanced diet. This paper investigates the effect of supermarkets on consumption patterns using cross-sectional household survey data collected in Kenya in 2012. In order to establish causality, our sample was designed to be quasiexperimental in nature, with study sites differing in terms of supermarket access. We employ instrumental variable techniques to account for potential endogeneity due to selection effects regarding supermarket purchases. Our findings suggest that supermarket purchases increase the consumption of processed foods at the expense of unprocessed foods. Supermarkets are associated with higher expenditure shares and calorie shares of processed foods, and with increased per capita calorie availability. The latter effect is supported by lower prices per calorie for processed food items. Supermarket purchases have a positive effect on dietary diversity, but implications for the nutrient adequacy of consumers remain unclear.
Two symmetry problems in potential theory
Creators: name: Amdeberhan, Tewodros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35N05; 35N10

description: We consider two eliiptic overdetermined boundary value problems. There are variants on J. Serrin's 1971 classical results and having the same conclusion that the domains should be forcibly Euclidean balls.
description: 5 pages