Anthriscus kotschyi Boiss. & Balansa
Creators: name: Tekin, Mehmet
name: Civelek, Şemsettin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Apiales
Apiaceae
Anthriscus
Anthriscus kotschyi

description: 4. Anthriscus kotschyi Boiss. & Balansa in Boissier (1856: 102)   
 Type: TURKEY. Taurus, ‘in regione alpina Tauri Cilicici alt. 8000’. Lectotype (designated by Spalik 1995): G – BOIS (‘Region alpine du Taurus oriental, au-dessus de Boulgarmaden, aout.’ Bulgar Daglari, August [1855], Balansa). Syntypes and duplicates: BC, BM, G, K, L, MPU, and P (Balansa); G – BOIS [photo!], K, P, US, and W (Kotschy 126a, 152, 332b).   
 Synonyms: Chaerefolium kotschyi (Boiss. & Balansa) Bornm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 49: 237 (1940); A. sosnovskyi Schischk. in Not. Syst. (Leningrad) 13: 157 (1950)   
Perennial herbs. Root thick and solid, crowned with a membranous collar. Stems up to 35 cm high, selender, and usually numerous from the base, entirely glabrous. Basal leaves 2(–3)-pinnate, triangular in outline with petioles (3.2–)7.6(– 11.5) cm long, blade up to 12 cm long, the ratio of blade length to petiole length (0.5–)1.3(–2.5); primary segments (divisions) 6–8, the ratio of the first primary (lowest) segment length to blade length (0.5–)0.68(–0.8); the ratio of the second (middle) primary segment length to blade length (0.28–)0.36(–0.48); the ratio of the third (subterminal) primary segment length to blade length (0.15–)0.19(–0.21); the ratio of the uppermost (terminal) primary segment length to blade length (0.11–)0.14(–0.21); pinnule margins and upper and lower surfaces of primary segments glabrous, lobes of pinnule ovate, occasionally trilobate, margins entire or serrate, apex obtuse or subacute. Petioles and sheaths margins membranous and glabrous. Cauline leaves 2-pinnate and triangular in outline with glabrous petioles (1–)3(–4.8) cm long, blade up to 5 cm long, the ratio of blade length to petiole length (0.46–)1(–1.6); primary segments (divisions) 4– 6, the ratio of the first primary (lowest) segment length to blade length (0.45–)0.6(–0.8); the ratio of the second primary (middle) segment length to blade length (0.28–)0.36(–0.41); the ratio of the third primary (subterminal) segment length to blade length (0.14–)0.24(–0.36); the ratio of the uppermost primary (terminal) segment length to blade length (0.07–) 0.16(–0.33); upper and lower surfaces of primary segments glabrous, lobes of pinnule ovate, margins entire or serrate, apex subacute. Uppermost cauline leaf 1-pinnate. Bracts absent or rarely 1–2, similar to bracteole as structural. Bracts 2–3 mm long. Bracteoles (0–)1–3(–4), ovate-linear or elliptic-lanceolate, (1–)1.9(–3) mm long, margins membranous, apex acuminate; the ratio of bracteole length to width (1.5–)4(–8.7), the longest bracteole (1.1–)1.36(–1.8) times as long as the shortest in the same involucel. Flowers pinkish in buds, white at maturity, petals obovate, apex emarginated. Marginal petals 1–1.8 mm long; the ratio of marginal petal length to width (1.22–)1.44(–1.66) and the ratio of marginal petal length to inner petal length (1.25–)1.6(–1.87). Filaments 1–1.3 mm long, anthers 0.3–0.4 mm long. Inflorescence determinate, umbels terminal in position. Peduncles (9–)12–20(–25) mm long. Rays (5–)10(–17) mm long, the longest ray (1.25–)1.48(–1.67) times as long as the shortest in the same umbel. Primary umbels with 2–5 rays, (0–)2–4(–6) fruits per umbellet. Secondary umbels with 2–6 rays, (0–)1–4 fruits per umbellet. Tertiary umbels with 1–5 rays, 0–3 fruits per umbellet. Fruits 4–6 × 1.7–2.2 mm, oblong-cylindrical, smooth, greenish brown and shining. Beak (0.15–)0.20–0.25(–0.4) mm long, the ratio of fruit length to beak length (17.1–)23.1(–27.2). Styles 0.9–1.4 mm long, divergent, styles (2.2–)3(–4.7) times as long as the stilopodia. Pedicels (2–)4.6(–6) mm long, glabrous, the longest pedicel (1–)1.39(–2.25) times as long as the shortest in the same umbellet. Pedicels not thickened in fruiting period, bristles absent at the junction of the pedicel and the base of fruit (Fig. 7).  
 Phenology:—Flowering time from July to August and mature fruits as of September.   
 Distribution:— Turkey (North and South Anatolia) (Fig. 8), and Georgia in Caucasus.   
 Habitat:—The species grows on rocky slopes in shady areas or open sunlit areas.   
 Phytogeographic region:—Multi-regional.   
 Conservation status:—The species was gathered from solely three localities during this revisionary study.Because it generally grows in rocky slopes over 2200 m and is not abundant in areas populated by humans, anthropogenic impact is very restricted on most of its known populations. However, some localities are under grazing pressure due to transhumance activities. Taking into account these circumstances, the species might be classified as ‘near threatened’ (NT; IUCN 2014).   
 Examined specimens:— TURKEY. A4 Kastamonu: Ilgaz Mountain. Büyük Hacet, between moving rocky, 2400 m, 27 July 1982, E. Yurdakul & Y. Akman 12559 (ANK); Kastamonu: North side of Ilgaz Mountain, north limestone rocks, 2200 m, 28 July 1962, Davis et al. 38383 (E); Kastamonu: Tosya, Yukarı Berçin village, Ilgaz Mountain, north of Büyük Hacettepe, 2430 m, 25 July 2011, 41°06’1.6”N, 33°52’0.5”E, M. Tekin 1161 (CUFH); ibid. 29 August 2011, M. Tekin 1171 (CUFH); A8 Gümüşhane: Kara Kaya Mountain, north of Bayburt, 3505 m, 24 July 1934, Balls & Gaurtay 1835 (ANK); C5 Niğde: Ulukışla, Bulgar Mountain, Sarı Tepe Yayla, 2700 m, 02 September 1949, P. H. Davis 16563 (ANK); Niğde / İçel: Bolkar Mountain, northeast part, west of the summit of Mededsiz, rocky slopes above a lake, limestone, 2500–2600 m, 26 June 1984, 37°24’N, 34°40’E, Strid et al. 31130 (EGE); Adana / Niğde: Aladağ, northwest part, c. 6 km southeast of the village of Demirkazık, seepage meadow by a small waterfall at entrance to Narpuz valley, on wet rock ledges, 2500 m, 23 July 1984, 37°45’N, 35°08’E, Strid et al. 31131 (EGE); Niğde, Bolkar Mountain, path from Yalaklar to Maden, below pass, west of Köpüktaş, limestone scree, 3094 m, 31 August 1997, K. Spalik & A. Zochows (E); Niğde district Ulukışla (Cilicia): Bulgar Mountain near Sarı Tepe Yayla, north screes, 2700 m, 02 September 1949, Davis 16563 (E); Central Taurus (Ala Dağ) Arpalık, top of gorge, in rock crevice in permanent shade, 8700 ft, 15 August 1965, K. Scott. 40 (E); Niğde: Çamardı, Demirkazık village to Aladağlar, Arpalık site, inside of Cinbar canyon, in large rocks shady area, 2532 m, 27 July 2011, 37°51’48.6”N, 35°08’24.8”E, M. Tekin 1162 (CUFH); ibid., 27 August 2011, M. Tekin 1170 (CUFH); Niğde: Çamardı, Demirkazık village, from Arpalık site to along the gorge, towards summit, 2666 m, 27 July 2011, 37°51’30.2”N, 35°09’20.4”E, M. Tekin 1163 (CUFH); Niğde: Maden village to Bolkar Mountain, shaded areas of the rocky slopes around the Karagöl, 2584 m, 28 July 2011, 37°24’09.0”N, 34°33’25.0”E, M. Tekin 1164 (CUFH).   
  d. A. sect. Cacosciadium  (Reichenbach 1832: 444) Neilreich (1859: 643)   
 Lectotype (designated by Spalik 1997): A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.   
 Synonyms: Chaerophyllum sect. Cacosciadium Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2(2): 444 (1832), Chaerefolium sect. Cacosciadium (Rchb.) Thell. in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.- Eur. 5(2): 1016 (1926).   
Biennials or perennials with biennial rosettes and thick root. Stem erect, hollow, striate to sulcate, below usually hispid along ribs, above usually glabrous, branching. Leaves scabrous at margins; petioles and petiolules ciliate along veins, particularly at nodes; lobes pointed. Bracteoles inflexed, usually free, acuminate, green, sometimes punctate or tinted with red, ciliate. Flowers both hermaphroditic and male, white, radiant. Petals: marginal subtriangular to broadly obovate, emarginate, with short straight or inflexed apex; inner petals elliptic or obovate, emarginate, and usually without apex. Styles ± divergent. Umbels terminal. Fruits attenuating into short, furrowed beak, usually of different colour than the fruit; pedicels glabrous; vallecular vittae and the vittae below vascular bundles sometimes extant in ripe fruits (Spalik 1997).
description: Published as part of Tekin, Mehmet & Civelek, Şemsettin, 2017, A taxonomic revision of the genus Anthriscus (Apiaceae) in Turkey, pp. 1-26 in Phytotaxa 302 (1) on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.302.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13688073