cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Long-term stability of Cu surface nanotips
Creators: name: Jansson, Ville
name: Baibuz, Ekaterina
name: Djurabekova, Flyura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sharp nanoscale tips on metal surfaces of electrodes enhance locally applied electric fields. Strongly enhanced electric fields trigger electron field emission and atom evaporation from the apexes of the nanotips. Combined together, these processes may explain electric discharges in form of small local arcs observed near metal surfaces in the presence of electric fields even in ultra high vacuum conditions. In the present work we investigate the stability of nanoscale tips by means of computer simulations of surface diffusion processes on copper (Cu), the main material of high voltage electronics. We study the stability and life-time of thin Cu surface nanotips at different temperatures in terms of diffusion processes. For this purpose, we have developed a surface Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model where the jump processes are described by tabulated precalculated energy barriers. We show that tall surface features with high aspect ratios can be fairly stable at room temperature. However, the stability was found to depend strongly on the temperature: 13 nm nanotips with the major axes in the <110> crystallographic directions were found to flatten down to half of the original height in less than 100 ns at temperatures close to the melting point, whereas no significant change in the height of these nanotips was observed after 10 $μ$s at room temperature. Moreover, the nanotips built up along the <110> crystallographic directions were found significantly more stable than those oriented in the <100> or <111> crystallographic directions. The proposed KMC model has been found well suited for simulating atomic surfaces processes and was validated against Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation results via the comparison of the flattening times obtained by both methods. We also note that the KMC simulations were two orders of magnitude computationally faster than the corresponding MD calculations.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication/published in Nanotechnology. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/27/26/265708
DÉVELOPPEMENT EMBRYONNAIRE DE PODOCORYNE CARNEA (SARS) DE ROSCOFF. PODOCORYNE CARNEA (SARS) FORMA EXIGUA (HAECKEL)
Creators: name: BÉNARD-BOIRARD, Josette
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: By putting the species whose development in the genus Podocoryne we have studied above, we have conformed to a tradition still followed by such systema- ticians as Russel. But others who, on principle, ignore the structure of reproductive individuals in defining genera, put them in the genus Hydractinia which includes many species with thrown-back gonophores, of which H. echinata is the best-known. In the large genus thus defined, H. carnea constitues a transitional form between those species having a jellyfish with long pelagic life and those whose gonophore has lost most of its medusa! structures : H. carnea forma americana grows and considerably increases the number of its tentacles in the course of its pelagic life. H. carnea forma typica has a less important growth and very likely a shorter life. Our species, H. carnea forma exigua, does not probably live in the medusa state more than a day or two. H. epiconcha, studied by Yoshida, can lay eggs even before the release of the medusa or immediately after it. Then come those species whose variously thrown-back gonophores remain always sessile.
The daily rhythm of development observed in P. carnea is to be found with diverse variations in many species of Cnidaria. The segmentation with its two modes is also of a fairly wide-spread type: the radiate mode is standard and we ourself have observed the oblique mode in Clytia johnstoni. The coeloblastula is normal in the forms whose eggs are laid by medusas and in P. carnea presents an elongated shape which is certainly exceptional but is also found in Rathkea fasciculata. The gastrulation seems to be more peculiar. Although it is not exclusively unipolar, it more often than not originates from the vegetative pole, but it also happens that in the whole posterior third of the balstula occur the inward migration of isolated blastomeres or a tangential cleavage of a number of cells. The processes of gastrulation in P. carnea are transitions between those that can be observed in the pelagic eggs of the majority of medus
Re-shaping Post-COVID-19 Teaching and Learning: A Blueprint of Virtual-Physical Blended Classrooms in the Metaverse Era
Creators: name: Wang, Yuyang
name: Lee, Lik-Hang
name: Braud, Tristan
name: Hui, Pan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3; I.3

description: During the COVID-19 pandemic, most countries have experienced some form of remote education through video conferencing software platforms. However, these software platforms fail to reduce immersion and replicate the classroom experience. The currently emerging Metaverse addresses many of such limitations by offering blended physical-digital environments. This paper aims to assess how the Metaverse can support and improve e-learning. We first survey the latest applications of blended environments in education and highlight the primary challenges and opportunities. Accordingly, we derive our proposal for a virtual-physical blended classroom configuration that brings students and teachers into a shared educational Metaverse. We focus on the system architecture of the Metaverse classroom to achieve real-time synchronization of a large number of participants and activities across physical (mixed reality classrooms) and virtual (remote VR platform) learning spaces. Our proposal attempts to transform the traditional physical classroom into virtual-physical cyberspace as a new social network of learners and educators connected at an unprecedented scale.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted in 2022 IEEE 42nd ICDCS Workshop on SocialMeta
Vitamin E and selenium: contrasting and interacting nutritional determinants of host resistance to parasitic and viral infections.
Creators: name: Ager Jr., A.L.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Levander, O.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: Beneficial effects of trace amounts of dietary Se were first observed in vitamin E-deficient rats so that a strong metabolic interaction between these two micronutrients was apparent since the initial discovery of the nutritional value of Se (Schwarz & Foltz, 1957). Later work showed that Se and vitamin E tended to spare one another's requirement for the prevention of certain nutritional deficiency diseases (e.g. exudative diathesis in chicks, see Thompson & Scott, 1969). However, there were other conditions that appeared to respond specifically to only one of these nutrients (e.g. resorption gestation in rats, see Harris et al. 1958). As our knowledge about Se and vitamin E grew, the complexity of their interactions became clear with some conditions being specific for one or the other nutrient, whereas other syndromes responded equally well to either nutrient (Table 1). Many of the early results could be adequately explained by the antioxidant properties of both these nutrients: Se as a component of the peroxide-destroying enzyme glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and vitamin E as a lipid-soluble antioxidant (Hoekstra, 1975). More recent work has established metabolic roles for Se that appear to be unrelated to its antioxidant activity (e.g. as a component of iodothyronine 5’-deiodinase (EC 3.8.1.4), see Arthur et al. 1990).
Ghost condensates and pure kinetic $k$-essence condensates in presence of field-fluid non-minimal coupling in the dark sector
Creators: name: Hussain, Saddam
name: Chatterjee, Anirban
name: Bhattacharya, Kaushik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we try to find out the conditions when a ghost field in conjunction with a barotropic fluid produces a stable accelerating expansion phase of the universe. It is seen that in many cases the ghost field produces a condensate and drives the fluid energy density to zero in the final accelerating phase, but there can be other possibilities. We have shown that a pure kinetic $k$-essence field (which is not a ghost field) interacting with a fluid can also form an interaction induced condensate and produce a stable accelerating phase of the universe. In the latter case the fluid energy density does not vanish in the stable phase.
description: Corrected and modified version. 25 pages, Accepted for publication in Universe
title: Neuromuscular markers of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury during dynamic tasks
Creators: name: Radin Dzulfakar, R
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2020

description: This thesis explores the added value of neuromuscular markers of non-contact ACL injury risk. First, a systematic review was conducted to establish the existing evidence from the literature. The outcome of this review served to select candidate neuromuscular observations to be included in a large-scale prospective study. The two main risk factors that were found to be supported with some evidence were the (i) hamstrings to quadriceps ratio (HQR) and (ii) a unique neuromuscular activation pattern during side cutting. These parameters were included in a prospective cohort study to establish injury risk factors. After two years of data collection we still had not seen any non-contact ACL injuries in our study sample. As a fall back plan, the collected database was explored in search of evidence that can help support previous findings. First, we showed that quadriceps strength meaningfully affects HQRs (as quadriceps gets stronger, HQR value gets lower), introducing bias when profiling individuals for injury risk. We demonstrated how through an allometric approach this bias can be removed for future investigation into HQR as a risk factor for injury. Second, we evaluated whether HQR explains neuromuscular activations of the knee musculature during the execution a dynamic task. We found that variations between individuals in muscle (co-)activations were not explained by differences in muscle strength or HQR. Overall, through this work we have obtained a clear overview on the limited evidence on neuromuscular risk factors of non-contact ACL injury, provided in-depth insights into HQR as a measure of muscular capacity, and demonstrated how one should be careful in linking observations of muscular capacity with observations of muscular activation and vice versa.
title: Worte der Erinnerung an Frau Johanna Louise Escher-Escher
title: geb. am 3. Juni 1832, gest. am 18. August 1903, gesprochen bei der Abdankungsfeier am 21. Sept. 1903
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Furrer, Konrad
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1903
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Zürich
subject: Nachruf

description: [Autographiert]
Acute Eucalyptus Smoke Inhalation Sensitizes Rats to the Postprandial Effects of a High Carbohydrate Meal
Creators: name: Martin, Brandi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Previous studies have shown that air pollution exposure primes body systems to heightened responses to everyday activities that stress the cardiovascular (CV) system. The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of a one-time exposure to eucalyptus smoke (ES) on the postprandial CV effects after a single high carbohydrate (HC) challenge, a cardiometabolic stressor long used to predict CV risk. Three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed once (1 hr) to filtered air (FA) or ES (700 µg/m3 fine particulate matter), a key wildland fire air pollution source, generated by burning eucalyptus in a quartz tube furnace. Rats were then fasted for six hours the following morning, and subsequently administered an oral gavage of either water or a HC suspension (70 kcal% from carbohydrate), mimicking a HC meal, one day post-exposure. Two hours post gavage, cardiac and superior mesenteric artery function, circulating lipids and hormones, and pulmonary and systemic inflammatory markers were assessed. ES inhalation alone caused minimal responses compared to control animals. HC gavage alone caused an increase in glucose, serum interleukin (IL)-13, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC)/growth-regulated oncogene (KC-GRO) compared to water. By contrast, only ES-exposed and HC-challenged animals had an increase in serum IL-4 and IL-6, and increased aortic pressure compared to FA-exposed animals that received water. In summary, exposure to a model wildfire air pollution source modifies the response to a HC challenge and suggests that exposure sensitizes the body to inflammatory triggers.
(403) John Cunningham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Three-dimensional Analytical Description of Magnetised Winds from Oblique Pulsars
Creators: name: Tchekhovskoy, Alexander
name: Philippov, Alexander
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotating neutron stars, or pulsars, are plausibly the source of power behind many astrophysical systems, such as gamma-ray bursts, supernovae, pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants. In the past several years, 3D numerical simulations made it possible to compute pulsar spindown luminosity from first principles and revealed that oblique pulsar winds are more powerful than aligned ones. However, what causes this enhanced power output of oblique pulsars is not understood. In this work, using time-dependent 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and force-free simulations, we show that, contrary to the standard paradigm, the open magnetic flux, which carries the energy away from the pulsar, is laterally non-uniform. We argue that this non-uniformity is the primary reason for the increased luminosity of oblique pulsars. To demonstrate this, we construct simple analytic descriptions of aligned and orthogonal pulsar winds and combine them to obtain an accurate 3D description of the pulsar wind for any obliquity. Our approach describes both the warped magnetospheric current sheet and the smooth variation of pulsar wind properties outside of it. We find that generically the magnetospheric current sheet separates plasmas that move at mildly relativistic velocities relative to each other. This suggests that the magnetospheric reconnection is a type of driven, rather than free, reconnection. The jump in magnetic field components across the current sheet decreases with increasing obliquity, which could be a mechanism that reduces dissipation in near-orthogonal pulsars. Our analytical description of the pulsar wind can be used for constructing models of pulsar gamma-ray emission, pulsar wind nebulae, and magnetar-powered core-collapse gamma-ray bursts and supernovae.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome. 12 pages, 16 figures, uses mn2e.cls
Making DeepFakes more spurious: evading deep face forgery detection via trace removal attack
Creators: name: Liu, Chi
name: Chen, Huajie
name: Zhu, Tianqing
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Zhou, Wanlei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: DeepFakes are raising significant social concerns. Although various DeepFake detectors have been developed as forensic countermeasures, these detectors are still vulnerable to attacks. Recently, a few attacks, principally adversarial attacks, have succeeded in cloaking DeepFake images to evade detection. However, these attacks have typical detector-specific designs, which require prior knowledge about the detector, leading to poor transferability. Moreover, these attacks only consider simple security scenarios. Less is known about how effective they are in high-level scenarios where either the detectors or the attacker's knowledge varies. In this paper, we solve the above challenges with presenting a novel detector-agnostic trace removal attack for DeepFake anti-forensics. Instead of investigating the detector side, our attack looks into the original DeepFake creation pipeline, attempting to remove all detectable natural DeepFake traces to render the fake images more "authentic". To implement this attack, first, we perform a DeepFake trace discovery, identifying three discernible traces. Then a trace removal network (TR-Net) is proposed based on an adversarial learning framework involving one generator and multiple discriminators. Each discriminator is responsible for one individual trace representation to avoid cross-trace interference. These discriminators are arranged in parallel, which prompts the generator to remove various traces simultaneously. To evaluate the attack efficacy, we crafted heterogeneous security scenarios where the detectors were embedded with different levels of defense and the attackers' background knowledge of data varies. The experimental results show that the proposed attack can significantly compromise the detection accuracy of six state-of-the-art DeepFake detectors while causing only a negligible loss in visual quality to the original DeepFake samples.
How Is Exposure to Tobacco Outlets Within Activity Spaces Associated With Daily Tobacco Use Among Youth? A Mediation Analysis
Creators: name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Lipperman-Kreda, S.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2020

description: INTRODUCTION: We investigated associations between exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces and daily tobacco use, and whether exposure to adults or peers using tobacco mediate these relationships. METHODS: We used Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment data over 14 days from 85 youth aged 16-20 years in eight mid-sized California city areas. Tobacco outlet addresses and global positioning systems locations were geocoded and activity spaces were constructed by joining sequential points. We assessed daily number of tobacco outlets within 50 or 100 m of activity space polylines and number of minutes participants were within 50 or 100 m of tobacco outlets each day; daily use of tobacco; and whether participants saw (1) adults and (2) people their age (peers) using tobacco each day. RESULTS: Controlling for demographics, results of multilevel structural equation models showed no association between number of tobacco outlets within 50 m of polylines and tobacco use (probit regression coefficient: 0.01, p = .82). However, we found evidence of an indirect effect (p = .001) through daily exposure to peers using tobacco. Specifically, greater number of tobacco outlets within 50 m of polylines was positively associated with seeing peers use tobacco (probit regression coefficient: 0.10, p < .001). In turn, seeing peers use tobacco was positively associated with tobacco use on that day (probit regression coefficient: 2.23, p < .001). Similar results were found for number of tobacco outlets within 100 m of polylines. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces affects youth tobacco use through daily exposure to peers who use tobacco. IMPLICATIONS: Using real-time-ordered data, this article examines whether exposure to adults and peers using tobacco mediate associations between exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces and daily tobacco use among youth. Results suggest that exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces affects daily tobacco use through exposure to peers who use tobacco. These findings provide additional significant support for policy makers who are considering regulating the number and density of tobacco retailers and point to the importance of interventions focused on peer tobacco use and youths' daily environments to reduce tobacco use.
title: The antiquity of lanthEffects of fluid composition on the precipitation behaviour and shape of minerals
Creators: name:  Stipp ,  Susan
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Minerals form by the ordered arrangement of atoms. Each mineral has a characteristic form, determined by the electron configuration of the atoms of its structure and the temperature and pressure of the system. However in nature, where no system is pure, mineral structure is also affected by other atoms in the fluid, be it deposition from a melt, an aqueous solution or a vapour. Minor and even trace concentrations of foreign species can completely change crystal form. Organisms take advantage of this. During their millions of years of evolution, they have developed biomolecules that enhance or inhibit growth on certain crystal sites so they can control mineral growth to precisely equip them for their ecological niche. Whether the trace components are inorganic or organic, the change in mineral form can be dramatic. From an ideal laboratory solution for example, green rust, a layered Fe(II), Fe(III) double hydroxide, precipitates as broad, flat, hexagonal plates. Aluminium, which also forms hydroxide minerals, can substitute for Fe(III) but its smaller ionic radius causes distortion in the green rust structure and crystal radius decreases. Organic impurities can have a dramatic effect, exemplified by biominerals, where bones, teeth and shells look and function quite differently than inorganically formed hydroxyapatite, calcite and aragonite. Polysaccharides, even at parts per million concentration, transform the typical rhombohedral shape of calcite into beautiful, intricate discs, that the coccolithophore algae use to cover their single cell. Learning nature’s tricks for controlling crystal growth provides us with clues for developing new, functional materials.
Norm attaining Lipschitz maps toward vectors
Creators: name: Choi, Geunsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 46B04, Secondary: 26A16, 46B20, 54E50

description: We extend the recent result of G. Godefroy which concerns the existence of non-norm attaining Lipschitz maps in order to characterize the norm attainment toward vectors for Lipschitz maps in the general setting of underlying space. The main theorem of the present paper states that the existence of non-norm attaining Lipschitz maps toward vectors on a large class of metric spaces is characterized by the finite-dimensionality of range space. As an extension of his counterexample, some denseness results on norm attaining Lipschitz maps toward vectors are also shown.
description: 13 pages
Tobacco quit intentions and behaviors among cigar smokers in the united states in response to covid-19
Creators: name: Thrasher, J.F.
name: Kistler, C.E.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Sheeran, P.
name: Lazard, A.J.
name: Ranney, L.M.
name: Jarman, K.L.
name: Ross, J.C.
name: Goldstein, A.O.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2020

description: Combustible tobacco users appear to be at greater risk for serious complications from COVID-19. This study examined cigar smokers’ perceived risk of COVID-19, quit intentions, and behaviors during the current pandemic. We conducted an online study between 23 April 2020 to 7 May 2020, as part of an ongoing study examining perceptions of different health effects of cigars. All participants used cigars in the past 30 days (n = 777). Three-quarters of the sample (76.0%) perceived they had a higher risk of complications from COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. The majority of participants (70.8%) intended to quit in the next six months due to COVID-19, and almost half of the sample (46.5%) reported making a quit attempt since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Far more participants reported increasing their tobacco use since COVID-19 started (40.9%) vs. decreasing their tobacco use (17.8%). Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. More research is needed to understand how tobacco users are perceiving COVID-19 risks and changing their tobacco use behaviors.
Enhancing Community-Based Participatory Research Through Human-Centered Design Strategies
Creators: name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Chen, E.
name: Leos, C.
name: Moracco, K.E.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Introduction. The purpose of this review is to compare and contrast the values, purpose, processes, and outcomes of human-centered design (HCD) and community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to address public health issues and to provide recommendations for how HCD can be incorporated into CBPR partnerships and projects. Review Process. By consulting published literature, source materials, and experts on both approaches, a team of researchers completed a three-phased process of synthesizing key similarities and differences between HCD and CBPR and generating recommendations for ways to integrate HCD strategies in CBPR projects. Results. There are five HCD strategies that can be readily incorporated into CBPR projects to improve outcomes: (1) form transdisciplinary teams, (2) center empathy, (3) recruit and work with “extreme users,” (4) rapidly prototype, and (5) create tangible products or services. Conclusions. Integrating HCD in CBPR projects may lead to solutions that potentially have greater reach, are more readily adopted, are more effective, and add innovation to public health services, products, and policies.
title: Suspicious minds: A mixed methods study of police officer and police staff attitudes to mental ill health in England and Wales
Creators: name: Bell, S
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2020

description: Policing and mental ill health are inextricably entwined. Operationally the police respond to distressed persons and depending on the circumstances act as pseudo mental health practitioners or law enforcement officers. Likewise, due to operational and organisational stressors policing can be detrimental to the mental health of those delivering the service. Due to the prevalence of mental ill health in society, it is inevitable that police officers and police staff will either experience, work alongside and/or manage colleagues with a mental illness. Therefore, it is vital that the attitudes of police officers and police staff to mental ill health are established. The research employs a mixed methods approach to quantifiably measure police attitudes to mental ill health and benchmark them against the public alongside qualitative data gleaned from survey responses and interviews. The results indicate that police officers/staff share with the public similar attitudinal scores to the public. However, police officers and staff display social distancing whilst being less supportive of community-based interventions. The police qualitative data portrays an organisation where mental health related stigma and discrimination is evident, where disclosure and help seeking is avoided, officers and staff feel isolated and having a mental health issue seen as career destroying. Previous studies into UK police attitudes to mental ill health have been confined to single forces. This national study has established a measure and explanation for police attitudes to mental ill health across England and Wales.
(404) Frances [Cunningham]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
XMM-Newton observation of SNR J0533-7202 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Kavanagh, P. J.
name: Sasaki, M.
name: Whelan, E. T.
name: Maggi, P.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Bozzetto, L. M.
name: Filipovic, M. D.
name: Crawford, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We present an X-ray study of the supernova remnant SNR J0533-7202 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and determine its physical characteristics based on its X-ray emission. Methods. We observed SNR J0533-7202 with XMM-Newton (flare-filtered exposure times of 18 ks EPIC-pn and 31 ks EPIC-MOS1/MOS2). We produced X-ray images of the SNR, performed an X-ray spectral analysis, and compared the results to multi-wavelength studies. Results. The distribution of X-ray emission is highly non-uniform, with the south-west region brighter than the north-east. The X-ray emission is correlated with the radio emission from the remnant. We determine that this morphology is likely due to the SNR expanding into a non-uniform ambient medium and not an absorption effect. We estimate the size to be 53.9 (\pm 3.4) x 43.6 (\pm 3.4) pc, with the major axis rotated ~64 degrees east of north. We find no spectral signatures of ejecta and infer that the X-ray plasma is dominated by swept-up interstellar medium. Using the spectral fit results and the Sedov self-similar solution, we estimate an age of ~17-27 kyr, with an initial explosion energy of (0.09-0.83) x 10^51 erg. We detected an X-ray source located near the centre of the remnant, namely XMMU J053348.2-720233. The source type could not be conclusively determined due to the lack of a multi-wavelength counterpart and low X-ray counts. We find that it is likely either a background active galactic nucleus or a low-mass X-ray binary in the LMC. Conclusions. We detected bright thermal X-ray emission from SNR J0533-7202 and determined that the remnant is in the Sedov phase of its evolution. The lack of ejecta emission prohibits us from typing the remnant with the X-ray data. Therefore, the likely Type Ia classification based on the local stellar population and star formation history reported in the literature cannot be improved upon.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Voltage-Controlled Skyrmionic Interconnect with Multiple Magnetic Information Carriers
Creators: name: Chen, Runze
name: Li, Yu
name: Pavlidis, Vasilis F.
name: Moutafis, Christoforos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic skyrmions have been in the spotlight since their observation in technologically relevant systems at room temperature. More recently, there has been increasing interest in additional quasiparticles that may exist as stable/metastable spin textures in magnets, such as the skyrmionium and the anti-skyrmionite (i.e., a double-antiskyrmion-skyrmion pair) that have distinct topological characteristics. The next challenge and opportunity, at the same time, is to investigate the use of multiple magnetic quasiparticles as information carriers in a single device for next generation nanocomputing. In this paper, we propose a spintronic interconnect device where multiple sequences of information signals are encoded and transmitted simultaneously by skyrmions, skyrmioniums, and anti-skyrmionites. The proposed spintronic interconnect device can be pipelined via voltage-controlled-magnetic-anisotropy (VCMA) gated synchronisers that behave as intermediate registers. We demonstrate theoretically that the interconnect throughput and transmission energy can be effectively tuned by the VCMA gate voltage and appropriate electric current pulses. By carefully adjusting the device structure characteristics, our spintronic interconnect device exhibits comparable energy efficiency with copper interconnects in mainstream CMOS technologies. This study provides fresh insight into the possibilities of skyrmionic devices in future spintronic applications.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures
(400) Peter Cunningham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Youth daily exposure to tobacco outlets and cigarette smoking behaviors: does exposure within activity space matter?
Creators: name: Lipperman-Kreda, S.
name: Abadi, M.
name: Kaner, E.
name: Finan, L.J.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Balassone, A.
name: Grube, J.W.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Aims: To examine whether daily exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces is associated with cigarette smoking and with the number of cigarettes smoked by youth that day. Design: The study used geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA) data that combined daily surveys with ecological momentary assessment of global positioning systems (GPS) using geographic information systems (GIS) to allow for real-time data collection of participants' environments and behaviors. Setting: Eight mid-sized California (USA) city areas. Participants: The analytical sample included 1065 days, which were clustered within 100 smoker and non-smoker participants (aged 16–20 years, 60% female). Measurements: Any cigarette smoking and number of cigarettes smoked on a given day, the number of tobacco outlets within 100 m of activity space polylines each day, the number of minutes participants spent within 100 m of tobacco outlets each day and demographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity and perceived socio-economic status). Findings: Controlling for demographic characteristics, the findings of multi-level mixed effects logistic models were inconclusive, whether or not the number of tobacco outlets within 100 m of youths' activity space polylines or the number of minutes spent within 100 m of tobacco outlets were associated with whether the participant smoked cigarettes on a given day [odds ratio (OR) = 1.05, P = 0.24; OR = 0.99, P = 0.81, respectively]. However, in multi-level zero-inflated negative binomial models, the risk of smoking an additional cigarette on a given day increased with each additional tobacco outlet [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.04, P < 0.05] and each additional minute spent within 100 m of tobacco outlets (IRR = 1.01, P < 0.001) each day. Conclusions: Among young people in urban California, differences in day-to-day exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces does not seem to be significantly associated with whether a person smokes a cigarette on a given day, but higher exposure to tobacco outlets appears to be positively associated with the number of cigarettes smoked on that day.
title: The Politics and Aesthetics of 1990s Punk Women's Writing: Reading Riot Grrrl after Kathy Acker and against the anti-feminist backlash
Creators: name: Griffiths, G
Publisher: name: Liverpool John Moores University
Year: 2020

description: Riot Grrrl, a hardcore feminist punk movement that emerged in the early 1990s in America, is often contemplated through a subcultural studies lens. As a result, its status as a political movement and social phenomenon still overshadows its status as an artistic movement in its scholarship. This thesis applies a literary studies lens to Riot Grrrl, examining specific devices employed in the movement’s literature and tracing these back to an experimental literary avant-garde, to fortify its status as an artistic movement. I argue that Riot Grrrl practitioners appropriate much of their artistic investments from American punk-feminist writer and postmodernist, Kathy Acker, who is frequently cited as a precursor to Riot Grrrl. Building on recent studies that have begun to demystify Acker’s influence as manifest in Riot Grrrl zine writing, I ask: to what ends do Riot Grrrls incorporate devices from Acker’s literary critique of patriarchal culture in the 1980s into their later critique of patriarchal culture in the 1990s? Following the successes of second wave feminism in gaining women’s liberation, their art responds to the media-driven backlash against feminism that emerged in the 1980s, which resulted in the concept of ‘post-feminism’ gaining traction in the 1990s. Two key manifestations of this backlash were the discrediting of working women, as well as attempts to reassert control over female sexuality, which mutated into postfeminist trends in the 1990s that similarly hinged upon the themes of work and sex: ‘New Traditionalism’ and ‘Do-Me’ feminism. I focus on Acker’s 1980s novels that influenced Riot Grrrl writing, such as Great Expectations (1983), Blood and Guts in High School (1978; published in 1984), and Don Quixote, Which Was a Dream (1986), tracing her ideological and aesthetic influence into Grrrl zines sourced from The Riot Grrrl Collection archive at New York University’s Fales Library and Special Collections. This analysis reveals how the critical function of avant-garde literary devices, inherited from Acker by Riot Grrrl zinesters, shifts according to gender developments being made in the 1990s that posited a stratification of feminist definitions.
A Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Mobile Produce Market Program in 12 Communities in North Carolina: Program Development, Methods, and Baseline Characteristics
Creators: name: Tripicchio, G.L.
name: Grady Smith, J.S.
name: Haynes-Maslow, L.
name: Leone, L.A.
name: Armstrong-Brown, J.
name: Kowitt, S.D.
name: Gizlice, Z.
name: McGuirt, J.
name: Ammerman, A.S.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Mobile markets are an increasingly popular method for providing access to fresh fruits and vegetables (F/V) in underserved communities; however, evaluation of these programs is limited, as are descriptions of their development, study designs, and needs of the populations they serve. Objective: Our aim was to describe the development and theoretical basis for Veggie Van (VV), a mobile produce market intervention, the study design for the VV evaluation, and baseline characteristics of the study population. Design: The protocol and sample for a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 12 sites are described. Participants/setting: Community partner organizations in the Triangle region of North Carolina that primarily served lower-income families or were located in areas that had limited access to fresh produce were recruited. Eligible individuals at each site (older than 18 years of age, self-identified as the main shoppers for their household, and expressed interest in using a mobile market) were targeted for enrollment. A total of 201 participants at 12 sites participated in the VV program and evaluation, which was implemented from November 2013 to March 2016. Main outcome measures: Change in F/V intake (cups/day), derived from self-reported responses to the National Cancer Institute F/V screener, was the main outcome measure. Statistical analyses performed: We performed a descriptive analysis of baseline sample characteristics. Results: Mean reported F/V intake was 3.4 cups/day. Participants reported generally having some access to fresh F/V, and 57.7% agreed they could afford enough F/V to feed their family. The most frequently cited barriers were cost (55.7%) and time to prepare F/V (20.4%). Self-efficacy was lowest for buying more F/V than usual and trying new vegetables. Conclusions: By addressing cost and convenience and building skills for purchasing and preparing F/V, the VV has the potential to improve F/V consumption in underserved communities.
The collaborative effect of ram pressure and merging on star formation and stripping fraction
Creators: name: Bischko, Jan Christoph
name: Steinhauser, Dominik
name: Schindler, Sabine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We investigate the effect of ram pressure stripping (RPS) on simulations of merging pairs of gas-rich spiral galaxies. Our goal is to provide an estimate of the combined effect of merging and RPS on stripping efficiency and star formation rate. Methods: We make use of the combined N-body/hydrodynamic code GADGET-2. In our simulations, we vary mass ratios between 1:4 and 1:8 in a binary merger. We sample different geometric configurations of the merging systems (edge-on and face-on mergers, different impact parameters). Furthermore, we vary the properties of the intracluster medium (ICM) in rough steps: The speed of the merging system relative to the ICM between 500 and 1000 km/s, the ICM density between $10^{-29}$ and $10^{-27}$ g/cm$^3$, and the ICM direction relative to the mergers' orbital plane. Ram pressure is kept constant within a simulation time period, as is the ICM temperature of $10^7$ K. Each simulation in the ICM is compared to simulations of the merger in vacuum and the non-merging galaxies with acting ram pressure. Results: Averaged over the simulation time (1 Gyr) the merging pairs show a negligible 5% enhancement in SFR, when compared to single galaxies under the same environmental conditions. The SFRs peak at the time of the galaxies first fly-through. There, our simulations show SFRs of up to 20 M$_{\odot}$/yr (compared to 3 M$_{\odot}$/yr of the non-merging galaxies in vacuum). In the most extreme case, this constitutes a short-term ($<50$ Myr) SFR increase of 50% over the non-merging galaxies experiencing ram pressure. The wake of merging galaxies in the ICM typically has a third to half the star mass seen in the non-merging galaxies and 5% to 10 % less gas mass. The joint effect of RPS and merging, according to our simulations, is not significantly different from pure ram pressure effects.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, A&A
Management of Bedsores
Creators: name: Khawaja, Uzzam Ahmed
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Bedsore
treatment
Antibiotics

description: Introduction: According to the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel/National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP/NPUAP) a pressure ulcer is a, ‘localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony prominence, as a result of pressure, or pressure in combination with shear’. Pressure ulcers result in immense pain and distress for the individuals developing them. They can be seen secondary to spinal cord injuries, as in the case of our patient, due to prolonged periods of immobilization. Case presentation: We report a case of a 30-year-old female of Asian descent who presented in Surgery Department with a clinical presentation of bedsores. The patient was bedridden and immobilized for 1 year due to vertebral fracture resulting from a fall, which we believe precipitated the bed sores. As per the EPUAP/NPUAP 1–4 scale, category 2 ulcers or above are categorized as reportable incidents in official guidelines in the National Health Service (NHS) in England. While Category 3 and 4 ulcers (which involve injury deep into the skin, muscle, or bone) are widely termed severe pressure ulcers and have to be reported as serious untoward incidents. Factors precipitating pressure ulcers include old age, people with sensory loss of a particular region, immobilization, sitting or lying down for extended periods of time, history of pressure ulcer, have bowel or urinary incontinence, have poor nutrition or hydration. Primary care includes washing the area generally with mild soap and water. If needed skin injuries can be covered with transparent film for protection, should be cleaned with saline to rinse and remove loose dead tissue. These pressure injuries require a dressing that maintains a moist wound environment. Caution should be taken as to not use hydrogen peroxide or iodine cleanser as they can damage skin. Pressure or deeper injuries generally require debridement of necrotic tissue and coverage with appropriate dressings and possibly treatment of infection. Secondary management include redistributing pressure, minimizing friction and shear (via log rolling, draw sheets or trapeze), relieving pain, treating infection, optimizing nutrition and hydration and lastly for chronic cases, wound debridement. Conclusion: The management during admission included Inj IV Ceftrixone 1gm BD, Inj IV Kinz 20mg SOS, Inj IV Toradol 30mg diluted in 10Cc distal water TDS, Inj IV Risek 40mg OD, Surbex Z 1 OD, Cremaffin 30ml once 2 tablespoon and blood transfusion. Wound was managed with normal saline wash and daily dressing (Eusol). Nursing care included postural change every 2 hours. And lastly, due to the extent of the bed sore manifestation, wound debridement was done.