cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Application of decision tools to ethical analysis in biodiversity conservation
Creators: name: Biasetti, Pierfrancesco
name: Hildebrandt, Thomas B.
name: Göritz, Frank
name: Hermes, Robert
name: Holtze, Susanne
name: Stejskal, Jan
name: Galli, Cesare
name: Pollastri, Ilaria
name: Muzzo, Alessia
name: Lekolool, Isaac
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bateson's cube
subject: conservation ethics
subject: decision tree
subject: ethical analysis
subject: ethical matrix
subject: northern white rhino
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Achieving ethically responsible decisions is crucial for the success of biodiversity conservation projects. We adapted the ethical matrix, decision tree, and Bateson's cube to assist in the ethical analysis of complex conservation scenarios by structuring these tools so that they can implement the different value dimensions (environmental, social, and animal welfare) involved in conservation ethics. We then applied them to a case study relative to the decision-making process regarding whether or not to continue collecting biomaterial on the oldest of the two remaining northern white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum cottoni), a functionally extinct subspecies of the white rhinoceros. We used the ethical matrix to gather ethical pros and cons and as a starting point for a participatory approach to ethical decision-making. We used decision trees to compare the different options at stake on the basis of a set of ethical desiderata. We used Bateson's cube to establish a threshold of ethical acceptability and model the results of a simple survey. The application of these tools proved to be pivotal in structuring the decision-making process and in helping reach a shared, reasoned, and transparent decision on the best option from an ethical point of view among those available.
Supplementary appendix (include figures in main text)
Creators: name: Xiaokuan Zhu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: For submission of review "Landscape of savolitinib development for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer with MET alteration--a narrative review" to Special Issue "Roles of MET in Cancer Development and Treatment"of journal "Cancers". Latest update.
Equilibrium states of soft magnetic hemispherical shell
Creators: name: Sheka, Denis D.
name: Kravchuk, Volodymyr P.
name: Sloika, Mykola I.
name: Gaididei, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state of hemispherical permalloy magnetic shell is studied. There exist two magnetic phases: the onion state and the vortex one. The phase diagram is systematically analyzed in a wide range of geometrical parameters. Possible transitions between different phases are analyzed using the combination of analytical calculations and micromagnetic simulations.
description: LaTeX, 8 pages, 4 figures
Tyske fortidskategorier i russisk oversættelse
Creators: name: Podolak, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Russian, German, translation, past tense

description: Tyske fortidskategorier i tysk-russisk og russisk-tysk litteraturoversættelse med særlig henblik på tysk perfektum og pluskvamperfektum Synopsis Formålet med denne undersøgelse er, at kontrastivt belyse specifikke fænomener og problemer i litterær oversættelse mellem tysk og russisk. Drejningspunktet ligger i de tyske indikative præteritums verbformer, med særlig henblik på perfektum og pluskvamperfektum. Med hjælp af både russiske og tyske skønlitterære eksempler fremlægges sprogenes forskelle i at betegne handlinger i fortid med særlig henblik til det russiske aspekt-tempus system. English abstract This article deals on problems in translation of German to Russian fictional literature and vice versa. The main focus is on German indicative past tense forms of verbs, particularly with regard to perfect and pluperfect, and its respective Russian counterpart. The differences between the German past tense and the Russian aspect-tense systems will be identified with examples from Russian and German originals and their translations.
POTENTIAL HISTORY: READING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FROM INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGES
Creators: name: Bonaldo, Rodrigo
name: Barbosa Pereira, Ana Carolina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: anthropocentrism
subject: anthropomorphism
subject: artificial intelligence
subject: historical subject
subject: multinaturalism
subject: perspectivism
subject: traditions of reasoning
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::902 Verschiedenes

description: Until the beginning of the twentieth century, history, as a core concept of the political project of modernity, was highly concerned with the future. The many crimes, genocides, and wars perpetuated in the name of historical progress eventually caused unavoidable fractures in the way Western philosophies of history have understood change over time, leading to a depoliticization of the future and a greater emphasis on matters of the present. However, the main claim of the “Historical Futures” project is that the future has not completely disappeared from the focus of historical thinking, and some modalities of the future that have been brought to the attention of historical thought relate to a more-than-human reality. This article aims to confront the prospects of a technological singularity through the eyes of peoples who already live in a world of more-than-human agency. The aim of this confrontation is to create not just an alternative way to think about the future but a stance from which we can explore ways to inhabit and therefore repoliticize historical futures. This article contains a comparative study that has been designed to challenge our technologized imaginations of the future and, at the same time, to infuse the theoretical experiment with contingent historical experiences. Could we consider artificial intelligence as a new historical subject? What about as an agent in a “more-than-human” history? To what extent can we read this new condition through ancient Amerindian notions of time? Traditionally, the relationship between Western anthropocentrism and Amerindian anthropomorphism has been framed in terms of an opposition. We intend to prefigure a less hierarchical and more horizontal relation between systems of thought, one devoid of a fixed center or parameter of reference. Granting the same degree of intellectual dignity to the works of Google engineers and the views of Amazonian shamans, we nevertheless foster an intercultural dialogue (between these two “traditions of reasoning”) about a future in which history can become more-than-human. We introduce potential history as the framework not only to conceptualize Amerindian experiences of time but also to start building an intercultural dialogue that is designed to discuss AI as a historical subject.
Scalar dark matter and fermion coannihilations in the radiative seesaw model
Creators: name: Klasen, Michael
name: Yaguna, Carlos E.
name: Ruiz-Alvarez, Jose D.
name: Restrepo, Diego
name: Zapata, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By extending the Standard Model with three right-handed neutrinos (N_i) and a second Higgs doublet (H_2), odd under a Z_2 symmetry, it is possible to explain non-zero neutrino masses and to account for the dark matter. We consider the case where the dark matter is a scalar and study its coannihilations with the right-handed neutrinos. These coannihilations tend to increase, rather than reduce, the dark matter density and they modify in a significant way the viable parameter space of the model. In particular, they allow to satisfy the relic density constraint for dark matter masses well below 500 GeV. The dependence of the relic density on the relevant parameters of the model, such as the dark matter mass, the mass splitting, and the number of coannihilating fermions, is analyzed in detail. We also investigate, via a scan over the parameter space, the new viable regions that are obtained when coannihilations are taken into account. Notably, they feature large indirect detection rates, with sigmav reaching values of order 10^{-24} cm^3/s. Finally, we emphasize that coannihilation effects analogous to those discussed here can be used to reconcile a thermal freeze-out with a large sigmav also in other models of dark matter.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures
Shifting consumers towards sustainable food consumption and avoiding food waste: A machine-learning assisted systematic review and meta-analysis of demand-side interventions
Creators: name: Lohmann, Paul
name: Pizzo, Alice
name: Carvalho, Bruna
name: Bauer, Jan
name: Reisch, Lucia
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Food Studies

description: The authors seek to conduct a systematic review of the empirical literature exploring behavioural interventions targeting food consumption and food waste behaviours. The analytical effort will be aided by the means of a machine-learning program.
Topologies of power in China’s grid-style social management during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Habich-Sobiegalla, Sabrina
name: Plümmer, Franziska
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: China
subject: COVID-19
subject: Foucault
subject: grid-style social management
subject: power
subject: security apparatus
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: This article analyses the organization of Chinese grassroots social management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on a range of local cases researched through policy documents, media coverage and interviews, we scrutinize the appropriation of emergency measures and the utilization of grid-style social management since the outbreak of COVID-19. Grid-style social management – a new grassroots administrative division aiming to mobilize neighbourhood control and services – is a core element in China’s pursuit of economic growth without sacrificing political stability. Conceptualizing grids as confined spaces of power, we show how the Chinese party-state is able to flexibly redeploy diverse forms of power depending on the particular purpose of social management. During non-crisis times, grid-style social management primarily uses security power, casting a net over the population that remains open for population elements to contribute their share to the national economy. Once a crisis has been called, sovereign power swiftly closes the net to prevent further circulation while disciplinary power works towards a speedy return to a pre-crisis routine.
Bell violation with entangled photons, free of the fair-sampling assumption
Creators: name: Giustina, Marissa
name: Mech, Alexandra
name: Ramelow, Sven
name: Wittmann, Bernhard
name: Kofler, Johannes
name: Beyer, Jörn
name: Lita, Adriana
name: Calkins, Brice
name: Gerrits, Thomas
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Ursin, Rupert
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces one to abandon a local realistic worldview, namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined prior to and independent of measurement and no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction making them vulnerable to so-called "loopholes." Here, we use photons and high-efficiency superconducting detectors to violate a Bell inequality closing the fair-sampling loophole, i.e. without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble. Additionally, we demonstrate that our setup can realize one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution on both sides. This represents a significant advance relevant to both fundamental tests and promising quantum applications.
Ferroelectricity in Single Crystal InMnO3
Creators: name: Yu, T.
name: Gao, P.
name: Wu, T.
name: Tyson, T. A.
name: Lalancette, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single crystal synthesis, structure, electric polarization and heat capacity measurements on hexagonal InMnO3 show that this small R ion in the RMnO3 series is ferroelectric (space group P63cm). Structural analysis of this system reveals a high degree of order within the MnO5 polyhedra but significant distortions in the R-O bond distributions compared to the previously studied materials. Point-charge estimates of the electric polarization yield an electrical polarization of approximately 7.8 micro C/cm^2, 26% larger than the well-studied YMnO3 system. This system with enhanced room temperature polarization values may serve as a possible replacement for YMnO3 in device application.
description: 20 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures
‘Acting under Chapter 7’: rhetorical entrapment, rhetorical hollowing, and the authorization of force in the UN security council, 1995–2017
Creators: name: Scherzinger, Johannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: authorization of force
subject: deliberative turn
subject: quantitative text analysis
subject: rhetorical entrapment
subject: rhetorical hollowing
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: After more than 25 years of scholarship, the deliberative turn in international relations (IR) theory is ready to be revisited with a fresh perspective. Using new methods from automated text analyses, this explorative article investigates how rhetoric may bind action. It does so by building upon Schimmelfennig’s original account of rhetorical entrapment. To begin, I theorize the opposite of entrapment, which I call rhetorical hollowing. Rhetorical hollowing describes a situation in which actors use normative rhetoric, but instead of advancing their interests, such rhetoric fails to increase their chances of obtaining the desired outcome because the normative force of their rhetoric has eroded over time. To provide plausibility to both entrapment and hollowing, I present two mechanisms by which language is connected with action in the United Nations Security Council. Finally, I run a series of time-series-cross-section models on selected dictionary terms conducive to entrapment or hollowing on all speeches and an original Security Council resolution corpus from 1995 to 2017. The research shows that while mentioning ‘human rights’ is consistently associated with increased odds of authorization of force; the word ‘terrorism’ is associated with a decrease of odds for intervention. This finding suggests that some terms may not only entrap or hollow but also normatively backfire.
Properties of Causal Holographic Information
Creators: name: Freivogel, Ben
name: Mosk, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Causal holographic information [1] is a variant of the Ryu-Takayanagi proposal for the entanglement entropy of a spatial region in the context of AdS/CFT, but with the bulk surface defined by causality rather than extremality. We investigate the properties of causal holographic information, focusing in particular on the universal coefficient of the logarithmically divergent term. We find that this coefficient contains a novel conformal invariant that cannot be written as an integral of local quantities. By considering higher curvature corrections in the bulk, we identify the coefficient of the a and c central charges in 4 dimensions. Finally, we speculate about which CFT quantity could correspond to the causal holographic information.
Facharztwahl bei Medizinstudierenden
Creators: name: Gebhard, Anke
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Arbeit untersucht die Facharztwahl bei Medizinstudierenden. Hierzu erfolgte eine Querschnittserhebung an der Medizinischen Fakultät Rostock. Nach Durchführung von Fokusgruppeninterviews und einer anschließenden Online-Umfrage zeigte sich, dass die eigene klinische Erfahrung, Vorbilder, aber auch der Patientenkontakt und die Work-Life-Balance einer Fachrichtung die wichtigsten Kriterien für die Studierenden bei der Facharztwahl darstellten. Die Fächer Innere Medizin, Allgemeinmedizin, Pädiatrie und Chirurgie waren unter den Studierenden am beliebtesten.
Regulating Nimbus and Focus: Organizing Copresence for Creative Collaboration
Creators: name: Schiemer, Benjamin
name: Schüßler, Elke
name: Theel, Tobias
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: collaboration
subject: copresence
subject: coworking
subject: creative industries
subject: creativity
subject: distributed work
subject: ethnography
subject: virtual
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Creative collaboration often takes place in collaborative spaces that increasingly use virtual modes of interaction. To better understand the organizational conditions and organizing practices that facilitate collaboration in such spaces, we compare ethnographies of an online platform for collaborative songwriting and a physical songwriting camp, with each of these spatial settings coming with distinct advantages and disadvantages for creative collaboration. We identify the emergence of copresence – an active mutual orientation toward one another – as a common organizational condition for collaboration. Copresence was fostered by practices of regulating nimbus (i.e. making people more or less visible) and focus (i.e. directing attention to others) that not only stimulated moments of converging copresence marked by collaborative problem-solving, but also enabled diverging copresence marked by undirected attention and more serendipitous interactions. Our comparison reveals the challenges of negotiating between converging and diverging copresence to counteract tendencies towards excessive, or conversely, insufficient nimbus and focus of the participants, both of which are barriers to copresence. These insights contribute to ongoing debates about the organization of online and offline collaborative spaces by shifting the focus away from co-location towards copresence, highlighting the oscillation between converging and diverging copresence as important for a collaborative atmosphere and identifying practices by which copresence can be organized in different spatial settings.
Temperature Modulation of the Transmission Barrier in Quantum Point Contacts
Creators: name: Sánchez, Alfredo X.
name: Leburton, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate near-equilibrium ballistic transport through a quantum point contact (QPC) along a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction with a transfer matrix technique, as a function of temperature and the shape of the potential barrier in the QPC. Our analysis is based on a three-dimensional (3D) quantum-mechanical variational model within the Hartree-Fock approximation that takes into account the vertical depletion potential from ionized acceptors in GaAs and the gate-induced transverse confinement potential that reduce to an effective slowly-varying one-dimensional (1D) potential along the narrow constriction. The calculated zero-temperature transmission exhibits a shoulder ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 depending on the length of the QPC and the profile of the barrier potential. The effect is a consequence of the compressibility peak in the 1D electron gas and is enhanced for anti-ferromagnetic interaction among electrons in the QPC, but is smeared out once temperature is increased by a few tenths of a kelvin.
description: 10 figures
$SU(2)\otimes SU(2)$ Gauge Extensions of the MSSM Revisited
Creators: name: Huo, Ran
name: Lee, Gabriel
name: Thalapillil, Arun M.
name: Wagner, Carlos E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with a gauge group $SU(2)_1\otimes SU(2)_2$ breaking to $SU(2)_L$. The extra wino has an enhanced gauge coupling to the SM-like Higgs boson and, if light, has a relevant impact on the weak scale phenomenology. The low energy Higgs quartic coupling is modified both by extra $D$-term corrections and by a modification of its renormalization group evolution from high energies. At low values of $\tanβ$, the latter effect may be dominant. This leads to interesting regions of parameter space in which the model can accommodate a 125 GeV Higgs with relatively light third generation squarks and an increased $h \rightarrow γγ$ decay branching ratio, while still satisfying the constraints from electroweak precision data and Higgs vacuum stability.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. References updated
Many-worlds interpretation of quantum theory, mesoscopic anthropic principle and biological evolution
Creators: name: Kamenshchik, A. Yu.
name: Teryaev, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest to combine the Anthropic Principle with the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Theory. Realizing the multiplicity of worlds it provides an opportunity of explanation of some important events which are assumed to be extremely improbable. The Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle suggested here is aimed to explain appearance of such events which are necessary for emergence of Life and Mind. It is complementary to the Cosmological Anthropic Principle explaining the fine tuning of fundamental constants. We briefly discuss various possible applications of the Mesoscopic Anthropic Principle including the Solar Eclipses and assembling of complex molecules. Besides, we address the problem of Time's Arrow in the framework of the Many-Worlds Interpretation. We suggest the recipe for disentangling of quantities defined by fundamental physical laws and by an anthropic selection. The main emphasis is made on the problem of the biological evolution.
description: 34 pages, submitted to NeuroQuantology, Special Issue on Everett's Interpretation. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0705.2494
Characteristics of Japanese patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease initiating treatment for anemia: a retrospective real-world database study
Creators: name: Kokado, Yoshimasa
name: Ishii, Manabu
name: Ueta, Kiichiro
name: Yamamoto, Hiroyuki
name: Kumamaru, Hiraku
name: Isshiki, Masaaki
name: Demiya, Sven
name: Miyata, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Anemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to evaluate hemoglobin levels at the initiation of erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) therapy in patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) and anemia using a large-scale administrative database in Japan. The longitudinal data of adult patients who initiated ESA therapy between April 2008 and December 2018 were extracted from a hospital-based administrative database. The primary outcome was hemoglobin level at the initiation of ESA therapy, whereas the exploratory outcome was hemoglobin level recorded 6 months after the onset of the ESA therapy. A total of 4939 patients were included in the primary analysis. The mean hemoglobin level at the initiation of ESA therapy was 9.1 g/dL, which was lower than the level (11 g/dL) recommended for the initiation of treatment by the current Japanese treatment guidelines. Moreover, 42.1% and 15.0% of the patients had hemoglobin levels <9.0 and <8.0 g/dL, respectively, at the initiation of ESA therapy. In 2964 patients for whom hemoglobin levels at 6 months after the initiation of ESA therapy were available, the mean hemoglobin level increased to 10.3 g/dL, and 61.9% and 31.1% of these patients had hemoglobin levels ≥10.0 and ≥11.0 g/dL, respectively. This real-world database study revealed that hemoglobin levels at the initiation of ESA therapy in new users of ESA were lower than those recommended by treatment guidelines in Japan.
Fokusgruppe Informationsbudget: Ziele und Zwischenergebnisse der Zusammenarbeit
Creators: name: Barbers, Irene
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: Fortbildung "Informationsbudget - auf dem Weg zu einer gemeinsamen Kostenstruktur in Mittelverwendung in Hochschule und Bibliothek", Erlangen, Germany, 8 Nov 2023 - 8 Nov 2023
description: Die Idee zur Gründung einer Fokusgruppe innerhalb des Projekts open-access.network entstand während der OA-Tage 2022 in Bern im Workshop „Erfahrungsaustausch Informationsbudget“. Die Ziele der Fokusgruppe sind: Verständigung hinsichtlich der Definition eines Informationsbudgets, Vorgehensweise und Handlungsschritte zur Einführung eines Informationsbudgets, Praktischer Erfahrungsaustausch, Teilen von guten Praktiken, nachnutzbare Ergebnisse, Vernetzung mit weiteren Projekten, die zum Thema Informationsbudget arbeiten (Transform2Open, OpenCost, open-access.network)
Global shocks, cascading disruptions, and (re-)connections: viewing the COVID-19 pandemic as concurrent natural experiments to understand land system dynamics
Creators: name: Piquer-Rodríguez, María
name: Friis, Cecilie
name: Andriatsitohaina, R. Ntsiva N.
name: Boillat, Sébastien
name: Roig-Boixeda, Paula
name: Cortinovis, Chiara
name: Geneletti, Davide
name: Ibarrola-Rivas, Maria-Jose
name: Kelley, Lisa C.
name: Llopis, Jorge C.
name: Mack, Elizabeth A.
name: Nanni, Ana Sofía
name: Zaehringer, Julie G.
name: Henebry, Geoffrey M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Socio-ecological land systems
subject: Resilience
subject: Telecoupling
subject: Mobility
subject: Governance
subject: Conservation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Context For nearly three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted human well-being and livelihoods, communities, and economies in myriad ways with consequences for social-ecological systems across the planet. The pandemic represents a global shock in multiple dimensions that has already, and is likely to continue to have, far-reaching effects on land systems and on those depending on them for their livelihoods. Objectives We focus on the observed effects of the pandemic on landscapes and people composing diverse land systems across the globe. Methods We highlight the interrelated impacts of the pandemic shock on the economic, health, and mobility dimensions of land systems using six vignettes from different land systems on four continents, analyzed through the lens of socio-ecological resilience and the telecoupling framework. We present preliminary comparative insights gathered through interviews, surveys, key informants, and authors’ observations and propose new research avenues for land system scientists. Results The pandemic’s effects have been unevenly distributed, context-specific, and dependent on the multiple connections that link land systems across the globe. Conclusions We argue that the pandemic presents concurrent “natural experiments” that can advance our understanding of the intricate ways in which global shocks produce direct, indirect, and spillover effects on local and regional landscapes and land systems. These propagating shock effects disrupt existing connections, forge new connections, and re-establish former connections between peoples, landscapes, and land systems.
The Brauer Group of an Affine Double Plane Associated to a Hyperelliptic Curve
Creators: name: Ford, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16K50 (Primary), 14F22, 14J26, 14C20 (Secondary)

description: For an affine double plane defined by an equation of the form z^2 = f, we study the divisor class group and the Brauer group. Two cases are considered. In the first case, f is a product of n linear forms in k[x,y] and X is birational to a ruled surface P^1 x C, where C is rational if n is odd and hyperelliptic if n is even. In the second case, f is the equation of an affine hyperelliptic curve. On the open set where the cover is unramified, we compute the groups of divisor classes, the Brauer groups, the relative Brauer group, as well as all of the terms in he exact sequence of Chase, Harrison and Rosenberg.
Stability analysis of polarization attraction in optical fibers
Creators: name: Turitsyn, K. S.
name: Wabnitz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlinear cross-polarization interaction among two intense counterpropagating beams in a span of lossless randomly birefringent telecom optical fiber may lead to the attraction an initially polarization scrambled signal towards wave with a well-defined state of polarization at the fiber output. By exploiting exact analytical solutions of the nonlinear polarization coupling process we carry out a linear stability study which reveals that temporally stable stationary solutions are only obtained whenever the output signal polarization is nearly orthogonal to the input pump polarization. Moreover, we predict that polarization attraction is acting in full strength whenever equally intense signal and pump waves are used.
Reviving Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysis of Bulk La–Ni Intermetallics via Gaseous Hydrogen Engineering
Creators: name: Chen, Ziliang
name: Yang, Hongyuan
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Dau, Holger
name: Driess, Matthias
name: Wang, Zhaowu
name: Kang, Zhenhui
name: Menezes, Prashanth W.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: heterostructures
subject: hydrogen storage intermetallics
subject: oxygen evolution reaction
subject: phase reconstruction
subject: rare-earth metals
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: A hydrogen processing strategy is developed to enable bulk LaNi5 to attain high activity and long-term stability toward the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By a combination of in situ Raman and quasi in situ X-ray absorption (XAS) spectra, secondary-electron-excited scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) patterns as well as the Rietveld method and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is discovered that hydrogen-induced lattice distortion, grain refinement, and particle cracks dictate the effective reconstruction of the LaNi5 surface into a porous hetero-nanoarchitecture composed of uniformly confined active γ-NiOOH nanocrystals by La(OH)3 layer in the alkaline OER process. This significantly optimizes the charge transfer, structural integrity, active-site exposure, and adsorption energy toward the reaction intermediates. Benefiting from these merits, the overpotential (322 mV) at 100 mA cm−2 for the hydrogen-processed OER catalyst deposited on nickel foam is reduced by 104 mV as compared to the original phase. Notably, it exhibits remarkable stability for 10 days at an industrial-grade current density of more than 560 mA cm−2 in alkaline media.
Renewable Energy Potential Estimates Based on High-Resolution Regional Atmospheric Modeling over Southern Africa with the ICON-LAM
Creators: name: Chen, Shuying
name: Poll, Stefan
name: Goergen, Klaus
name: Heinrichs, Heidi
name: Hendricks-Franssen, Harrie-Jan
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: ICCARUS 2023, Offenbach, Germany, 6 Mar 2023 - 9 Mar 2023
description: See attached file
Adaption, neutrality and life-course diversity
Creators: name: Steiner, Ulrich Karl
name: Tuljapurkar, Shripad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: COMADRE
subject: COMPADRE
subject: demographic stochasticity
subject: individual heterogeneity
subject: life-history evolution
subject: matrix population models
subject: phenotypic variance
subject: sensitivity
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Heterogeneity among individuals in fitness components is what selection acts upon. Evolutionary theories predict that selection in constant environments acts against such heterogeneity. But observations reveal substantial non-genetic and also non-environmental variability in phenotypes. Here, we examine whether there is a relationship between selection pressure and phenotypic variability by analysing structured population models based on data from a large and diverse set of species. Our findings suggest that non-genetic, non-environmental variation is in general neither truly neutral, selected for, nor selected against. We find much variations among species and populations within species, with mean patterns suggesting nearly neutral evolution of life-course variability. Populations that show greater diversity of life courses do not show, in general, increased or decreased population growth rates. Our analysis suggests we are only at the beginning of understanding the evolution and maintenance of non-genetic non-environmental variation.
On the distribution of DNA translocation times in solid-state nanopores: an analysis using Schrodinger's first-passage-time theory
Creators: name: Ling, Daniel Y.
name: Ling, X. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this short note, a correction is made to the recently proposed solution [1] to a 1D biased diffusion model for linear DNA translocation and a new analysis will be given to the data in [1]. It was pointed out [2] by us recently that this 1D linear translocation model is equivalent to the one that was considered by Schrodinger [3] for the Enrenhaft-Millikan measurements [4,5] on electron charge. Here we apply Schrodinger's first-passage-time distribution formula to the data set in [1]. It is found that Schrodinger's formula can be used to describe the time distribution of DNA translocation in solid-state nanopores. These fittings yield two useful parameters: drift velocity of DNA translocation and diffusion constant of DNA inside the nanopore. The results suggest two regimes of DNA translocation: (I) at low voltages, there are clear deviations from Smoluchowski's linear law of electrophoresis [6] which we attribute to the entropic barrier effects; (II) at high voltages, the translocation velocity is a linear function of the applied electric field. In regime II, the apparent diffusion constant exhibits a quadratic dependence on applied electric field, suggesting a mechanism of Taylor dispersion effect likely due the electro-osmotic flow field in the nanopore channel. This analysis yields a dispersion-free diffusion constant value for the segment of DNA inside the nanopore which is in agreement with Stokes-Einstein theory quantitatively. The implication of Schrodinger's formula for DNA sequencing is discussed.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J. Phys.: Cond. Matt
Comparison of two oxygen saturation targets to decide on hospital discharge of infants with viral bronchiolitis living at high altitudes: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Martinez, Carlos E.
name: Sossa-Briceño, Monica P.
name: Buendia, Jefferson Antonio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of two pulse oximetry (SpO2) thresholds to decide on hospital discharge when all other discharge criteria are met, in infants with viral bronchiolitis living at high altitudes. A decision analysis model was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of the use of an SpO2 threshold of 90% versus one of 85% for deciding whether infants hospitalized for viral bronchiolitis can be safely discharged to home, from a third-party payer’s perspective. The main outcome was discharge to home at day 4 of the initial hospitalization. The time horizon was 28 days after discharge from hospital. We performed deterministic sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Compared to the use of an SpO2 threshold of 90%, treating infants with viral bronchiolitis with the use of an SpO2 threshold of 85% resulted in lower total costs (US$119.39 vs. US$188.357 mean cost per patient) and a greater probability of discharge to home at day 4 of the initial hospitalization (0.8400 vs. 0.7600), therefore being a dominant strategy. Sensitivity analyses were in line with base case results. In Bogota, a high-altitude city, in infants admitted for viral bronchiolitis, the use of an SpO2 threshold of 85% to decide on hospital discharge when all other discharge criteria are met is dominant because it entails a greater probability of discharge to home at day 4 of the initial hospitalization and generates fewer costs than the use of an SpO2 threshold of 90%.
Microscopic structure of shocks and antishocks in the ASEP conditioned on low current
Creators: name: Belitsky, V.
name: Schütz, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82C22, Secondary: 60F10, 60K35

description: We study the time evolution of the ASEP on a one-dimensional torus with $L$ sites, conditioned on an atypically low current up to a finite time $t$. For a certain one-parameter family of initial measures with a shock we prove that the shock position performs a biased random walk on the torus and that the measure seen from the shock position remains invariant. We compute explicitly the transition rates of the random walk. For the large scale behaviour this result suggests that there is an atypically low current such that the optimal density profile that realizes this current is a hyperbolic tangent with a travelling shock discontinuity. For an atypically low local current across a single bond of the torus we prove that a product measure with a shock at an arbitrary position and an antishock at the conditioned bond remains a convex combination of such measures at all times which implies that the antishock remains microscopically stable under the locally conditioned dynamics. We compute the coefficients of the convex combinations.
description: 20 papes, 4 figures
Non-polar (11-20) InGaN quantum dots with short exciton lifetimes grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy
Creators: name: Zhu, Tongtong
name: Oehler, Fabrice
name: Reid, Benjamin P. L.
name: Emery, Robert M.
name: Taylor, Robert A.
name: Kappers, Menno J.
name: Oliver, Rachel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the optical characterization of non-polar a-plane InGaN quantum dots (QDs) grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy using a short nitrogen anneal treatment at the growth temperature. Spatial and spectral mapping of sub-surface QDs have been achieved by cathodoluminescence at 8 K. Microphotoluminescence studies of the QDs reveal resolution limited sharp peaks with typical linewidth of 1 meV at 4.2 K. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies suggest the excitons in these QDs have a typical lifetime of 538 ps, much shorter than that of the c-plane QDs, which is strong evidence of the significant suppression of the internal electric fields.
description: 4 figures, submitted
Feasibility of implementing a web-based tool built from pharmacy claims data (e-MEDRESP) to monitor adherence to respiratory medications in primary care
Creators: name: Yousif, Alia
name: Lemière, Catherine
name: Forget, Amélie
name: Beauchesne, Marie-France
name: Blais, Lucie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: e-MEDRESP is a novel web-based tool that provides easily interpretable information on patient adherence to asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) medications, using pharmacy claims data. This study investigated the feasibility of implementing e-MEDRESP in primary care. In this 16-month prospective cohort study, e-MEDRESP was integrated into electronic medical records. Nineteen family physicians and 346 of their patients were enrolled. Counters embedded in the tool tracked physician use during the follow-up. Patient/physician satisfaction with e-MEDRESP was evaluated though telephone interviews and online questionnaires. The capacity of e-MEDRESP to improve adherence was explored using a pre–post analysis. Overall, 245 patients had at least one medical visit during follow-up. e-MEDRESP was consulted by 15 (79%) physicians for 85 (35%) patients during clinic visits. Seventy-three patients participated in telephone interviews; 84% reported discussing their medication use with their physician; 33% viewed their e-MEDRESP report and indicated that it was easy to interpret. The physicians reported that the tool facilitated their evaluation of their patients’ medication adherence (mean ± standard deviation rating: 4.8 ± 0.7, on a 5-point Likert scale). Although the pre–post analysis did not reveal improved adherence in the overall cohort, adherence improved significantly in patients whose adherence level was <80% and who were prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (26.9% [95% CI 14.3–39.3%]) or long-acting muscarinic agents (26.4% [95% CI 12.4–40.2%]). e-MEDRESP was successfully integrated in clinical practice. It could serve as a useful tool to help physicians monitor their patients’ medication adherence.
A buprenorphine depot formulation provides effective sustained post-surgical analgesia for 72 h in mouse femoral fracture models
Creators: name: Wolter, Angelique
name: Bucher, Christian H.
name: Kurmies, Sebastian
name: Schreiner, Viktoria
name: Konietschke, Frank
name: Hohlbaum, Katharina
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
name: Löhning, Max
name: Thöne-Reineke, Christa
name: Buttgereit, Frank
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Animal behaviour
subject: Bone
subject: Experimental models of disease
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Adequate pain management is essential for ethical and scientific reasons in animal experiments and should completely cover the period of expected pain without the need for frequent re-application. However, current depot formulations of Buprenorphine are only available in the USA and have limited duration of action. Recently, a new microparticulate Buprenorphine formulation (BUP-Depot) for sustained release has been developed as a potential future alternative to standard formulations available in Europe. Pharmacokinetics indicate a possible effectiveness for about 72 h. Here, we investigated whether the administration of the BUP-Depot ensures continuous and sufficient analgesia in two mouse fracture models (femoral osteotomy) and could, therefore, serve as a potent alternative to the application of Tramadol via the drinking water. Both protocols were examined for analgesic effectiveness, side effects on experimental readout, and effects on fracture healing outcomes in male and female C57BL/6N mice. The BUP-Depot provided effective analgesia for 72 h, comparable to the effectiveness of Tramadol in the drinking water. Fracture healing outcome was not different between analgesic regimes. The availability of a Buprenorphine depot formulation for rodents in Europe would be a beneficial addition for extended pain relief in mice, thereby increasing animal welfare.
Risk of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding and associated costs in non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients who initiated apixaban, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in the United States Medicare population: updated analysis
Creators: name: Amin, Alpesh
name: Keshishian, Allison
name: Hines, Dionne M.
name: Dina, Oluwaseyi
name: Le, Hannah
name: Rosenblatt, Lisa
name: Liu, Xianchen
name: Zhang, Qisu
name: Vo, Lien
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To provide an updated comparison of the risk and cost of stroke/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding between direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC: apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran) and warfarin among non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) patients. Adults (≥65 years) initiating warfarin or DOACs between 01/01/2013-12/31/2014 were selected from the Medicare database and propensity score matched 1:1 to balance baseline characteristics. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risks of stroke/SE and major bleeding of each DOAC vs warfarin. Two-part models were used to compare the stroke/SE- and major bleeding-related medical costs in each matched cohort. Of the 264,479 eligible patients, 38,740 apixaban-warfarin pairs, 76,677 rivaroxaban-warfarin pairs, and 20,955 dabigatran-warfarin pairs were matched. Apixaban (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.46; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.38-0.56) and rivaroxaban (HR =0.71; 95% CI 0.63-0.80) were associated with significantly lower risk of stroke/SE compared to warfarin. Apixaban (HR =0.57; 95% CI 0.51-0.63) and dabigatran (HR =0.80; 95% CI 0.70-0.90) were associated with significantly lower risk of major bleeding; rivaroxaban (HR =1.14; 95% CI 1.07-1.21) was associated with significantly higher risk of major bleeding compared to warfarin. Compared to warfarin, apixaban and rivaroxaban had significantly lower stroke/SE-related medical costs; and apixaban and dabigatran had significantly lower major bleeding-related medical costs. This real-world analysis showed DOACs to be associated with lower risk of stroke/SE and major bleeding, and lower medical costs compared to warfarin. Among them, only apixaban appears to be associated with a significantly lower risk of all three outcomes collectively: stroke/SE, major bleeding, and lower related medical costs compared to warfarin.