Factors affecting mineral availability from ingredients of animal origin with the chick
Creators: name: Bulbul, Syed M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Chicks were utilized in a study to estimate mineral (Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn) availability of 10 meat meal samples processed in 10 consecutive days. A balance procedure was used to determine availability in which a correction for endogenous mineral was utilized. Results of this study indicate that calcium and phosphorus are highly available from meat meals with values of 90% and 93.4% respectively. Magnesium, manganese, zinc and copper are also well utilized with an average of 83.9%, 73.1%, 79.4% and 74%, respectively. Variations in availability of minerals particularly phosphorus, copper and zinc were observed among meat meal samples tested. This indicates that raw material used in day to day manufacturing of the meals are different; also, phosphorus might exist in different forms from one meal to another. Availability values observed in this study indicate that meat meal is an excellent source of available minerals. The important mineral (Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn) content was determined in blood meal, feather meal, fish meal and meat meal. These availability studies utilized the broiler chick (three weeks of age) in a mineral balance procedure. Results of mineral content showed a wide range in Ca (2.1-84.0 mg/g), P (1.9-54.0 mg/g), Mg (12.5-68.0 mg/kg), Cu (8.3-22.4 mg/kg) and Zn (22.7-1 50 mg/kg). The range in concentration of Mg among samples was narrow (1.3-2.7 mg/g). Blood meal was the lowest in all minerals except Cu. Fish meal #1 and fish meal #2 or meat meal were the highest in these minerals. Significant variation was observed in availability of each mineral among animal protein concentrates tested. Average availability of Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn was 88.3, 87.6, 80.8, 71.7, 73.2 and 76.8, respectively. Studies were conducted with broiler chicks to compare the availability of phosphorus from feather meal, blood meal, meat meal and fish meal using different assay techniques. A standard curve was drawn by plotting the growth rate and percentage of tibia ash obtained at various levels of added dicalcium phosphate (Reference diet). The biological availability of phosphorus for animal protein concentrates was calculated from the standard graph. When body weight was used as a criteria the comparative availability of phosphorus from feather meal, blood meal, meat meal (L), meat meal (H) and fish meal was found to be 91%, 112%, 118%, 123% and 125%, respectively. The comparative availability of phosphorus from feather meal, blood meal, meat meal (L), meat meal (H) and fish meal when percentage of tibia ash was used as a criteria was found to be 84%, 98%, 112%, 121%, 121%, respectively. The percentage of tibia ash obtained with test phosphate was divided by the percentage of tibia ash obtained with standard phosphate. When this method was used to calculate the comparative availability of phosphorus from feather meal, blood meal, meat meal (L), meat meal (H) and fish meal, the calculated values were found to be 85%, 90.5%, 94.7%, 97.3% and 97.3%, respectively. The availability of phosphorus from feather meal, blood meal, meat meal (L), meat meal (H) and fish meal was calculated using mineral balance procedure and was found to be 72.5%, 88%, 92%, 95%, 95.3%, respectively. This study indicates that variation in the procedure used to determine phosphorus availability from animal protein sources may influence data.