cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Inversion of IceBridge gravity data for continental shelf bathymetry beneath the Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Creators: name: Cochran, James R.
name: Bell, Robin E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ice shelves
subject: Continental shelf
subject: Gravity--Data processing
subject: Bathymetric maps

description: A possible cause for accelerated thinning and break-up of floating marine ice shelves is warming of the water in the cavity below the ice shelf. Accurate bathymetry beneath large ice shelves is crucial for developing models of the ocean circulation in the sub-ice cavities. A grid of free-air gravity data over the floating Larsen C ice shelf collected during the IceBridge 2009 Antarctic campaign was utilized to develop the first bathymetry model of the underlying continental shelf. Independent control on the continental shelf geologic structures from marine surveys was used to constrain the inversion. Depths on the continental shelf beneath the ice shelf estimated from the inversion generally range from about 350 to 650 m, but vary from < 300 to > 1000 m. Localized overdeepenings, 20–30 km long and 900–1000 m deep, are located in inlets just seaward of the grounding line. Submarine valleys extending seaward from the overdeepenings coalesce into two broad troughs that extend to the seaward limit of the ice shelf and appear to extend to the edge of the continental shelf. The troughs are generally at a depth of 550–700 m although the southernmost mapped trough deepens to over 1000 m near the edge of the ice shelf just south of 68°S. The combination of the newly determined bathymetry with published ice-draft determinations based on laser altimetry and radar data defines the geometry of the water-filled cavity. These newly imaged troughs provide a conduit for water to traverse the continental shelf and interact with the overlying Larsen C ice shelf and the grounding lines of the outlet glaciers.
The effect of online cross-age peer tutoring on student self-efficacy in middle school STEM
Creators: name: Johnson, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2019

description: Open inquiry offers students the opportunity to gain 21st century skills and expose them to science practices advocated by Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). While this raises the bar from lower-level inquiry classes, students initially struggle with open inquiry, because they do not know what to expect as they shift from a teacher-directed environment to a student-driven one (Bevins & Price, 2016; Germann, Haskins, & Auls, 1996; Pizzolato, Fazio, Sperandeo Mineo, & Persano Adorno, 2014). Students can feel frustrated, inadequate, and less confident when experiencing open-inquiry activities initially (Gormally, Brickman, Hallar, & Armstrong, 2009). This is notable, because students’ self-efficacy in science effects whether students will choose future STEM classes and majors (Moss, Cervato, Genschel, Ihrig, & Ogilvie, 2018), and can be used to predict academic performance in science, engineering, and math classes (Lent, Brown, & Larkin, 1986; Pajares, Miller, & Hill, 1995). To counter these challenges, I proposed an asynchronous online cross-age peer tutoring program to boost middle school students’ self-efficacy in STEM as they conduct research using open inquiry. The results reveal that a peer tutoring program significantly improved the students’ self-efficacy in open-inquiry science. Furthermore, the findings show that certain factors may influence the effectiveness of an online cross-age peer tutoring program, such as students’ perceptions of their tutors’ knowledge, helpfulness, and quality of support. This paper outlines ways to improve tutor training and better convey the importance of the teacher’s role in an online cross-age peer tutoring program.Open inquiry can potentially elevate the quality and meaningfulness of science research projects; however, teachers initially face many challenges when initiating this method. Therefore, I showcase a student research project from start to finish, including providing helpful tips that I have acquired during my years of using open inquiry, to help teachers learn how to incorporate open inquiry into their elective classes and after-school programs. This paper also features a professional development (PD) plan that imparts the questioning, feedback, and modeling skills needed to effectively lead open-inquiry activities. This PD plan, coupled with a professional learning community, helps teachers sustain the skills learned in PD.
Nested Polar Codes for Wiretap and Relay Channels
Creators: name: Andersson, Mattias
name: Rathi, Vishwambhar
name: Thobaben, Ragnar
name: Kliewer, Joerg
name: Skoglund, Mikael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that polar codes asymptotically achieve the whole capacity-equivocation region for the wiretap channel when the wiretapper's channel is degraded with respect to the main channel, and the weak secrecy notion is used. Our coding scheme also achieves the capacity of the physically degraded receiver-orthogonal relay channel. We show simulation results for moderate block length for the binary erasure wiretap channel, comparing polar codes and two edge type LDPC codes.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in IEEE Communications Letters
Sampling and pharmacokinetics of skin interstitial fluid for therapeutically monitored drugs
Creators: name: Schmitt, Veronika
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: To guide therapeutic decision making, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of certain toxic drugs are typically studied in blood. A drug’s blood concentration is thus acting as a surrogate for its target site concentration. However, a drug’s target is often extravascular and measuring tissue concentrations would be more meaningful. Furthermore, blood sampling is painful and can be challenging for some patients such as children, seriously ill, and old patients; it is, however, currently the standard method for drug testing. Current research suggests that a tissue fluid called interstitial fluid (ISF) can be sampled in minimal amounts without pain and can be used to quantify certain drugs. However, to successfully use this fluid for therapeutic drug monitoring, researchers still face three main challenges: sampling ISF, determining the concentrations and PK of drugs in ISF and their relation to blood concentrations, and quantifying drugs in very small volumes. To improve these challenges, we studied all three areas. First, we reviewed and evaluated methods of extracting ISF. Second, we studied ISF and blood concentrations of 13 drugs in a rabbit model to evaluate their PK. And third, we developed a method for quantifying a drug in just 2 µL of serum from rabbits. Currently available methods need larger sample volumes, whereas ISF is only available in small amounts. We found that many of the drugs we tested in a single-dose study were readily detectable in ISF (vancomycin, gentamicin, methotrexate, cisplatin, carboplatin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, mycophenolic acid and theophylline) and their PK parameters were determined using non-compartmental analysis. Furthermore, steady-state concentrations were predicted from the single-dose study for blood and ISF. At equilibrium, ISF drug concentrations were higher (vancomycin and gentamicin) and more stable compared to blood concentrations. For vancomycin these predictions were confirmed in an additional in vivo study. We further found that the concentration vs. time course of some drugs (vancomycin, gentamicin, methotrexate, valproic acid, phenobarbital, mycophenolic acid, digoxin and theophylline) could be well described by compartmental models. This study shows that ISF can be a valuable matrix for therapeutic drug monitoring and merits further studies to ascertain its clinical utility.
L’eremitismo in Francia e in Italia (XI-XIV sec.) Fonti e luoghi (Siena, 5-7 de Maio de 2000)
Creators: name: Fontes, João Luís Inglês
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 2001

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 13-14 (2001): A Historiografia Religiosa Medieval Hoje: Temas e Problemas
Jornadas de Estudo “As Misericórdias como fontes culturais e de informação”
Creators: name: Henriques, Cláudia Martins
name: Balinha, Hélio
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 2001

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 13-14 (2001): A Historiografia Religiosa Medieval Hoje: Temas e Problemas
Non-linearity and dimensionality in optical heating
Creators: name: Chang, Hung Chao Mike
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: One of the most important hurdles in electron-beam technologies such as thermionic energy conversion and parallel-beam lithography is having a high-performance electron source (cathode) material. Both of these applications, directly or indirectly, would benefit from a material’s ability to be heated efficiently through localized optical heating. Similarly, the main objective of thermoelectrics research is to maintain a high temperature gradient without hindering electrical conductivity, in order to increase the energy conversion efficiency. For this, many researchers have been pursuing the development of complex crystals with a host-and-rattling compound structure to reduce thermal conductivity Recently, localized heating with a temperature rise of a few thousand Kelvins has been induced by a low-power laser beam (< 50 mW) on the side-wall of a vertically-aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) forest. Given the excellent thermal conductivity of CNTs, such localized heating is very counterintuitive, and proper understanding of this phenomenon is necessary in order to use it for applications in thermionics and thermoelectrics. Here, an analytical formulation for solving the associated non-linear inhomogeneous heat problem through a Green’s function-based approach will be introduced. The application of this formulation to bulk metals, semiconductors, and different allotropes of carbon will be discussed. In particular, a systematic investigation will be presented on the effect of the material dimensionality and non-linear dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature. It will be shown that, if thermal conductivity is assumed to be constant, the peak temperature is proportional to the linear power density up to temperatures where radiative loss becomes significant. On the other hand, if the thermal conductivity falls with temperature, a significantly higher peak temperature and temperature gradient can be achieved. Furthermore, reducing the dimensionality of a material (going from a three-dimensional to a one-dimensional form) can lead to a significant peak temperature and temperature gradient.
Upper crustal seismic structure along the Southeast Indian Ridge: Evolution from 0 to 550 ka and variation with axial morphology
Creators: name: Baran, Janet
name: Carbotte, Suzanne M.
name: Cochran, James R.
name: Nedimovic, Mladen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Marine geophysics
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Mid-ocean ridges
subject: Lithosphere

description: The seismic structure of uppermost crust evolves after crustal formation with precipitation of alteration minerals during ridge-flank hydrothermal circulation. However, key parameters of crustal evolution including depth extent and rates of change in crustal properties, and factors contributing to this evolution remain poorly understood. Here, long-offset multichannel seismic data are used to study the evolution of seismic layer 2A and uppermost 2B from 0 to 550 ka at three segments of the intermediate spreading rate Southeast Indian Ridge. The segments differ in on-axis morphology and structure with crustal magma bodies imaged at axial high and rifted high segments P1 and P2, but not at axial valley segment S1 and marked differences in thermal conditions within the upper crust are inferred. One-dimensional travel time modeling of common midpoint supergathers is used to determine the thickness and velocity of layer 2A and velocity of uppermost 2B. At all three segments, layer 2A velocities are higher in 550 ka crust than on-axis (by 7–14%) with the largest increases at segments P1 and P2. Velocities increase more rapidly (by 125 ka) at P1 with spatial variations in velocity gradients linked to location of the underlying crustal magma body. We attribute these differences in crustal evolution to higher rates of fluid flow and temperatures of reaction at these ridge segments where crustal magma bodies are present. Layer 2A thickens off-axis at segments P1 and P2 but not at S1; both off-axis volcanic thickening and downward propagation of a cracking front linked to the vigor of axial hydrothermal activity could contribute to these differences. In zero-age crust, layer 2B velocities are significantly lower at segments P1 and P2 than S1 (5.0, 5.4, and 5.8 km/s respectively), whereas similar velocities are measured off-axis at all segments (5.7–5.9 km/s). Lower on-axis 2B velocities at segments P1 and P2 can be partly attributed to thinner layer 2A, with lower overburden pressures leading to higher porosities in shallowest 2B. However, other factors must also contribute. Likely candidates include subaxial deformation due to magmatic processes and enhanced cracking with axial hydrothermal activity at these segments with crustal magma bodies.
Tate's algorithm and F-theory
Creators: name: Katz, Sheldon
name: Morrison, David R.
name: Schäfer-Nameki, Sakura
name: Sully, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "Tate forms" for elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau manifolds are reconsidered in order to determine their general validity. We point out that there were some implicit assumptions made in the original derivation of these "Tate forms" from the Tate algorithm. By a careful analysis of the Tate algorithm itself, we deduce that the "Tate forms" (without any futher divisiblity assumptions) do not hold in some instances and have to be replaced by a new type of ansatz. Furthermore, we give examples in which the existence of a "Tate form" can be globally obstructed, i.e., the change of coordinates does not extend globally to sections of the entire base of the elliptic fibration. These results have implications both for model-building and for the exploration of the landscape of F-theory vacua.
description: 30 pages
Morphology and tectonics of the Andaman Forearc, northeastern Indian Ocean
Creators: name: Cochran, James R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Marine geophysics
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Plate tectonics

description: The Andaman Sea has developed as the result of highly oblique subduction at the western Sunda Trench, leading to partitioning of convergence into trench-perpendicular and trench-parallel components and the formation of a northward-moving sliver plate to accommodate the trench parallel motion. The Andaman forearc contains structures resulting from both components of motion. The main elements of the forearc are the accretionary prism and outerarc ridge, a series of forearc basins and major N–S faults. The accretionary prism is an imbricate stack of fault slices and folds consisting of ophiolites and sediments scrapped off the subducting Indian Plate. The western, outer slope of the accretionary prism is very steep, rising to depths of 1500–2000 m within a distance of 30 km. There is a difference in the short wavelength morphology between the western and eastern portions of the accretionary prism. The outer portion consists of a series of faulted anticlines and synclines with amplitudes of a few 100 to ∼1000 m and widths of 5 - 15 km resulting from ongoing deformation of the sediments. The inner portion is smoother with lower slopes and forms a strong backstop. The width of the deforming portion of the accretionary prism narrows from 80 to 100 km in the south to about 40 km between 10° N and 11° 30' N. It remains at about 40 km to ∼ 14° 40' N. North of there, the inner trench wall becomes a single steep slope up to the Myanmar shelf. The eastern edge of the outerarc ridge is fault bounded and, north of the Nicobar Islands, a forearc basin is located immediately to the east. A deep gravity low with very steep gradients lies directly over the forearc basin. The West Andaman Fault (WAF) and/or the Seulimeum strand of the Sumatra Fault System form the boundary between the Burma and Sunda plates south of the Andaman spreading center. The WAF is the most prominent morphologic feature of the Andaman Sea and divides the sea into a shallow forearc and a deeper backarc region. The Diligent Fault runs through the forearc basin east of Little Andaman Island. Although it has the general appearance of a normal fault, multichannel seismic data show that it is a compressional feature that probably resulted from deformation of the hanging wall of the Eastern Margin Fault. This could occur if the forearc basins were formed by subduction erosion of the underlying crust rather than by east–west extension.
The molecular environment of the Galactic star forming region G19.61-0.23
Creators: name: Santangelo, G.
name: Testi, L.
name: Leurini, S.
name: Walmsley, C. M.
name: Cesaroni, R.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: Carey, S.
name: Gregorini, L.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Molinari, S.
name: Noriega-Crespo, A.
name: Olmi, L.
name: Schuller, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present single-dish (sub)millimeter observations of gas and dust in the Galactic high-mass star-forming region G19.61-0.23, with the aim of studying the large-scale properties and physical conditions of the molecular gas across the region. The final aim is to compare the large-scale (about 100 pc) properties with the small-scale (about 3 pc) properties and to consider possible implications for extragalactic studies. We have mapped CO isotopologues in the J=1-0 transition using the FCRAO-14m telescope and the J=2-1 transition using the IRAM-30m telescope. We have also used data from the ATLASGAL survey and from the BU-FCRAO Galactic Ring Survey, as well as the Spitzer infrared Galactic plane surveys GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL to characterize the star-formation activity within the molecular clouds. We reveal a population of molecular clumps in the 13CO(1-0) emission. Our analysis of the 13CO suggests that the virial parameter (ratio of kinetic to gravitational energy) varies over an order of magnitude between clumps that are unbound and some that are apparently "unstable". This conclusion is independent of whether they show evidence of ongoing star formation. We find that the majority of ATLASGAL sources have MIPSGAL counterparts with luminosities in the range 10^4 - 5 10^4 Lsun and are presumably forming relatively massive stars. We compare our results with previous extragalactic studies of the nearby spiral galaxies M31 and M33; and the blue compact dwarf galaxy Henize2-10. We find that the main giant molecular cloud surrounding G19.61-0.23 has physical properties typical for Galactic GMCs and which are comparable to the GMCs in M31 and M33. However, the GMC studied here shows smaller surface densities and masses than the clouds identified in Henize2-10 and associated with super star cluster formation.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Simulating land use change for assessing future dynamics of land and water resources
Creators: name: Anputhas, Markandu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Models of land use change fall into two broad categories: pattern based and process based. This thesis focuses on pattern based land use change models, expanding our understanding of these models in three important ways. First, it is demonstrated that some driving variables do not have a smooth impact on the land use transition process. Our example variable is access to water. Land managers with access to piped water do not have any need for surface or groundwater. For variables like this, a model needs to change the way that driving variables are represented. The second important result is that including a variable which captures spatial correlation between land use types significantly increases the explanatory power of the prediction model. A major weakness of pattern based land use models is their inability to model interactions between neighbouring land parcels; the method proposed in this study can be an alternative to account for spatial neighbourhood association. These innovations are applied using the CLUE-S (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent) system to the Deep Creek watershed in the Southern Interior of British Columbia. The results highlight the challenge of balancing the protection of agricultural land and conserving forest and natural areas when population and economic growth are inevitable. The results also demonstrate the implications of land use change on existing land use policies. The calibrated model was validated using remote sensing data. A series of discriminant functions were estimated for each land use type in the recent period and these functions were then used to classify. The calibrated model was run in reverse, back to the generated land use classification, and results compared. Fit was reasonable with error rates falling below ten percent when radii beyond 2.5 km were considered. Another important contribution is demonstrating the importance of modelling dynamic variables. Some important drivers are changing continuously and others depend on land use change itself. Failure to update these variables will bias model forecasts. Spatial neighbourhood association, an endogenous variable governed by land use change itself, is again used as the example dynamic variable. The study demonstrates the importance of updating all associated information.
The immunological conundrum of endogenous retroelements.
Creators: name: Kassiotis, George
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Model organisms
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Our defenses against infection rely on the ability of the immune system to distinguish invading pathogens from self. This task is exceptionally challenging, if not seemingly impossible, in the case of retroviruses that have integrated almost seamlessly into the host. This review examines the limits of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by endogenous retroviruses and other retroelements, the targets of immune recognition, and the consequences for host health and disease. Contrary to theoretical expectation, endogenous retroelements retain substantial immunogenicity, which manifests most profoundly when their epigenetic repression is compromised, contributing to autoinflammatory and autoimmune disease and age-related inflammation. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that regulated immune reactivity to endogenous retroelements is integral to immune system development and function, underpinning cancer immunosurveillance, resistance to infection, and responses to the microbiota. Elucidation of the interaction points with endogenous retroelements will therefore deepen our understanding of immune system function and contribution to disease. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 41 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Constraints on the mantle temperature gradient along the Southeast Indian Ridge from crustal structure and isostasy: implications for the transition from an axial high to an axial valley
Creators: name: Baran, Janet
name: Cochran, James R.
name: Holmes, R. Chadwick
name: Tolstoy, Maya
name: Carbotte, Suzanne M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Marine geophysics
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Mid-ocean ridges
subject: Gravity anomalies

description: Axial and ridge flank depths on the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) systematically increase for 2500 km from 90° E to 120° E approaching the Australian-Antarctic Discordance. The SEIR also experiences an abrupt change in ridge axis morphology near 103° 30' E with axial highs found to the west and axial valleys to the east. Since the spreading rate is constant throughout this region, these variations have been ascribed to an along-axis gradient in mantle temperature. A seismic refraction experiment provides information on the crustal thickness and seismic velocity structure of two segments with differing axial morphology. Segment P2, centered near 102° E with an axial high has a mean crustal thickness of 5.9 ± 0.2 km, while the mean crustal thickness is 5.3 ± 0.3 km at Segment S1 with an axial valley and centered near 109° 45' E. Isostatic compensation of the difference in crustal thickness and density structure between the two segments only accounts for 33 m of the 198 m difference in average ridge flank depth between the two segments. The remaining depth difference must result from a difference in mantle density. Melt production models imply a mantle temperature difference of 11 - 13.5°C to produce the observed difference in crustal thickness. Isostatic compensation of the two segments requires that the resulting density difference must extend to about 300 km in the mantle. The transition in axial morphology along the SEIR is very abrupt occurring over a narrow zone within a single segment in which the transition is complete. If a linear mantle temperature gradient is assumed, the temperature difference across the transition segment is only 2.4°C. The change in axial morphology is accompanied by abrupt changes in other parameters including abyssal hill height, magnetic anomaly amplitude, layer 2a thickness and the presence or absence of an axial magma lens. The abrupt, coincident change in a number of parameters with a very small change in mantle temperature strongly suggests a threshold change between two distinctly different modes of crustal accretion. The trigger for the transition appears to be whether a steady-state crustal magma lens can be maintained.
title: Hildesheim Guidelines for the Use of Digital Techniques in the Conservation-Restoration and Presentation of Fragments
Creators: name: Schädler-Saub, Ursula
Publisher: name: Hornemann Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: Conservation

description: Nearly all surviving works of art have become fragments in the course of their history in various ways and with differing consequences. However, the incompleteness of these works today, with the resulting historical and aesthetic qualities, is rarely recognized and referred to as such. These guidelines address the ways in which we deal with fragments. How are these best under-stood and presented? Are integrations necessary for this purpose, and if so, in what form? The development and increasing importance of digital methods in conservation-restoration and in the mediation of fragmentary art and cultural property require an update of previous basic prin-ciples. These guidelines aim to help identify opportunities and risks in order to use digital means for the benefit of original fragments. Compiled by Ursula Schädler-Saub (HAWK, ICOMOS), incorporating the contributions of colleagues involved in the preparation and implementation of the international conference by the HAWK Univer-sity of Applied Sciences and Arts in Hildesheim (Faculty of Architecture, Engineering and Conservation and the Hornemann Institute) in cooperation with the German National Scientific Committee for Con-servation-Restoration of ICOMOS and the Verband der Restauratoren e. V. (Association of Restorers e.V.) "The Fragment in the Digital Age – Opportunities and Limitations of New Conservation-Restora-tion Techniques" at the HAWK, 7–8 May 2021.
For better or worse? : decriminalisation, work conditions, and indoor sex work in Auckland, New Zealand/Aotearoa
Creators: name: Zangger, Catherine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Internationally, sex workers and other people who participate in the sex industry remain subjected to social, economic, and political inequalities on a daily basis. While decriminalisation has been championed by sex workers and advocates in Canada and elsewhere, New Zealand remains the only country to have implemented this model, which is arguably the most conducive to improving the work conditions for sex workers. More than a decade post-decriminalisation, we have scant knowledge on what criteria sex workers use to choose what sectors to work from and the labour conditions existing in those locations. In this case study, I built upon anti-colonial and feminist literature by conducting in-depth interviews with 30 indoor sex workers and 10 managers to discover the advantages and pitfalls to working in the sex industry in Auckland. Placing sex workers’ voices centre stage, I explore what motivates their involvement in sex work and the meanings they attach to their work. Second, I describe the work conditions experienced within the managed sector of the sex industry, with a focus on the relations between sex workers and managers. Lastly, I further the understanding of working conditions experienced in the private sector, and private workers’ ability to create their ideal work environment within a decriminalised context, specifically worker-run cooperatives. I found that sex workers seek greater autonomy over their work processes but that constraining dynamics prevent them from doing so. These dynamics include the whore stigma, discrimination outside of the sex work community, and the presence of restrictive by-laws. Overall, my participants described a disjuncture between the rights granted by the 2003 change in law and their lived experiences that jeopardized their occupational well-being. I provide social and policy recommendations for areas related to stigma and working environments.
Guia histórica das ordens religiosas em Portugal: das origens a Trento. Um projecto de investigação
Creators: name: Sousa, Bernardo Vasconcelos E
name: Andrade, Maria Filomena
name: Pina, Maria Isabel Castro
name: Santos, Maria Leonor F. O. Silva
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 2001

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 13-14 (2001): A Historiografia Religiosa Medieval Hoje: Temas e Problemas
Re-inforcement Learning for Pricing & Hedging of Derivatives - A Simplified Showcase
Creators: name: Krabichler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Hedging
Pricing
Transaction cost
Neural networks
Re-inforcement learning

description: This work is inspired by [1]. We provide a technical documentation of how one can exploit reinforcement learning in order to price & hedge financial derivatives in the presence of transaction cost. The concepts are illustrated exemplarily for a European call option in the one-step case.
description: + Reihe: IFZ Working Paper, 0008/2019 + ISSN: 1662-520X
Absorption of high-energy gamma rays in Cygnus X-3
Creators: name: Cerutti, Benoit
name: Dubus, Guillaume
name: Malzac, Julien
name: Szostek, Anna
name: Belmont, Renaud
name: Zdziarski, Andrzej
name: Henri, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The microquasar Cygnus X-3 was detected at high energies by the gamma-ray space telescopes AGILE and Fermi. The gamma-ray emission is transient, modulated with the orbital period and seems related to major radio flares, i.e. to the relativistic jet. The GeV gamma-ray flux can be substantially attenuated by internal absorption with the ambient X-rays. In this study, we examine quantitatively the effect of pair production in Cygnus X-3 and put constraints on the location of the gamma-ray source. Cygnus X-3 exhibits complex temporal and spectral patterns in X-rays. During gamma-ray flares, the X-ray emission can be approximated by a bright disk black body component and a non-thermal tail extending in hard X-rays, possibly related to a corona above the disk. We calculate numerically the exact optical depth for gamma rays above a standard accretion disk. Emission and absorption in the corona are also investigated. GeV gamma rays are significantly absorbed by soft X-rays emitted from the inner parts of the accretion disk. The absorption pattern is complex and anisotropic. Isotropization of X-rays due to Thomson scattering in the companion star wind tends to increase the gamma-ray opacity. Gamma rays from the corona suffer from strong absorption by photons from the disk and cannot explain the observed high-energy emission, unless the corona is unrealistically extended. The lack of absorption feature in the GeV emission indicates that high-energy gamma rays should be located at a minimum distance ~10^8-10^10 cm from the compact object. The gamma-ray emission is unlikely to have a coronal origin.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Seamount volcanism along the Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Creators: name: Cochran, James R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Marine geophysics
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Seamounts
subject: Mid-ocean ridges
subject: Volcanism

description: The Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean is the slowest spreading portion of the global midocean ridge system. Total spreading rates vary from 12.8 mm yr−1 near Greenland to 6.5 mm yr−1 at the Siberian margin. Melting models predict a dramatic decrease in magma production and resulting crustal thickness at these low spreading rates. At slow spreading ridges, small volcanic seamounts are a dominant morphologic feature of the rift valley floor and an important mechanism in building the oceanic crust. This study quantitatively investigates the extent, nature and distribution of seamount volcanism at the ultraslow Gakkel Ridge, the manner in which it varies along the ridge axis and the relationship of the volcanoes to the larger scale rift morphology. A numerical algorithm is used to identify and characterize isolated volcanic edifices by searching gridded swath-bathymetry data for closed concentric contours protruding above the surrounding seafloor. A maximum likelihood model is used to estimate the total number of seamounts and the characteristic height within different seamount populations. Both the number and size of constructional volcanic features is greatly reduced at the Gakkel Ridge compared with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). The density of seamounts (number/area) on the rift valley floor of the Western Volcanic Zone (WVZ) is ∼55% that of the MAR. The observed volcanoes are also much smaller, so, the amount of erupted material is greatly reduced compared with the MAR. However, the WVZ is still able to maintain a MAR-like morphology with axial volcanic ridges, volcanoes scattered on the valley floor and rift valley walls consisting of high-angle faults. Seamount density at the Eastern Volcanic Zone (EVZ) is ∼45% that of the WVZ (∼25% that of the MAR). Seamounts are clustered at the widely spaced magmatic centers characteristic of the EVZ, although some seamounts are found between magmatic centers. These seamounts tend to be located at the edge of the rift valley or on the valley walls rather than on the valley floor. Seamounts in the Sparsely Magmatic Zone (SMZ) are located almost entirely at the 19◦E magmatic center with none observed within a 185 km-long portion of the rift valley floor. The EVZ and SMZ appear to display a mode of crustal accretion, characterized by extreme focusing of melt to the magmatic centers. Magmas erupted between the magmatic centers appear to have ascended along faults. This is very different from what is observed at the WVZ (or the MAR), and there is a threshold transition between the two modes of crustal accretion. At the Gakkel Ridge, the location of the transition appears to be localized by a boundary in mantle composition.
O fresco da capela do Espírito Santo em Maçainhas de Belmonte: novos elementos
Creators: name: Sousa, Catarina Vilaça De
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 2001

description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 13-14 (2001): A Historiografia Religiosa Medieval Hoje: Temas e Problemas
Indian Continental Margin Gas Hydrate Prospects: Results of the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01
Creators: name: Collett, Timothy
name: Riedel, Michael
name: Cochran, James R.
name: Boswell, Ray
name: Kumar, Pushpendra
name: Sathe, A.V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geochemistry
subject: Continental margins
subject: Natural gas--Hydrates
subject: Core drilling

description: Studies of geologic and geophysical data from the offshore of India have revealed two geologically distinct areas with inferred gas hydrate occurrences: the passive continental margins of the Indian Peninsula and along the Andaman convergent margin. The Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 was designed to study the gas hydrate occurrences both spatially and temporally off the Indian Peninsula and along the Andaman convergent margin with special emphasis on understanding the geologic and geochemical controls on the occurrence of gas hydrate in these two diverse settings. During NGHP Expedition 01, dedicated gas hydrate coring, drilling, and logging operations were conducted from the 28th April, 2006 to the 19th August, 2006. NGHP Expedition 01 established the presence of gas hydrates in Krishna-Godavari, Mahanadi and Andaman basins. The expedition discovered one of the richest gas hydrate accumulations yet documented (Site 10 in the Krishna-Godavari basin), documented the thickest and deepest gas hydrate stability zone yet known (Site 17 in Andaman Sea), and established the existence of a fully-developed gas hydrate system in the Mahanadi basin (Site 19).
A note on the magnetic spatial forcing of a ferrofluid layer
Creators: name: Friedrich, Thomas
name: Lange, Adrian
name: Rehberg, Ingo
name: Richter, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the response of a thin layer of ferrofluid to a spatially modulated magnetic field. This field is generated by means of a constant current in a special arrangement of aluminum wires. The full surface profile of the liquid layer is recorded by means of the absorption of X-rays. The outcome is analyzed particularly with regard to the magnetic self focusing effect under a deformable fluid layer.
A santidade no Portugal medieval: narrativas e trajectos de vida
Creators: name: Rosa, Maria De Lurdes
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 2001

description: O presente artigo parte da renovação historiográfica das últimas décadas no campo da história da santidade e hagigrafia medievais, em particular dos trabalhos de A. Vauchez, S. Boesch-Gajano, Th. Heffernan, Peter Brown, e seus discípulos. Tenta aplicar os conceitos e propostas de interpretação aí desenvolvidos, por um lado, ao conjunto de textos hagiográficos medievais portugueses, escassamente lidos a esta luz; por outro, na ausência ou pobreza de textos dessa natureza, debruça-se sobre o perfil das santidades vividas pelos candidatos a santos, ou pressentidas pelos seus contemporâneos, socorrendo-se então de um leque de fontes mais alargado. Insiste-se em especial na noção de “texto cultual”, para as hagiografias, e no imperativo de analisar sociologicamente a santidade, quanto aos estudos biográficos.
description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 13-14 (2001): A Historiografia Religiosa Medieval Hoje: Temas e Problemas
Fundação de Capelas na Lisboa quatrocentista: da morte à vida eterna
Creators: name: Costa, Teresa
name: Calvão, Filipe
Publisher: name: Lusitania Sacra
Year: 2001

description: Partindo da análise de uma série de tombos de capelas, o presente artigo traça um esboço das últimas vontades dos seus instituidores. A elaboração do testamento permite a ligação entre os mundos profano e sagrado, pano de fundo deste estudo. Assim, procuramos estabelecer em que condições se instituíam capelas e que contrapartidas terrenas se apresentavam para a salvação da alma. Por outro lado, a construção de uma ideia de vida após a morte e da natureza da identidade divina são outros aspectos que a análise deste conjunto de testamentos propicia. No fundo, tentamos perceber a forma como se vivia a morte na Lisboa da Baixa Idade Média.
description: Lusitania Sacra, n. 13-14 (2001): A Historiografia Religiosa Medieval Hoje: Temas e Problemas
Simultaneous analysis of 2D echo views for left atrial segmentation and disease quantification
Creators: name: Allan, Gregory
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: We propose a joint information framework for automatic analysis of 2D echocardiography (echo) data. The analysis combines a priori images, their segmentations and patient diagnostic information within a unified framework to determine various clinical parameters, such as cardiac chamber volumes, and cardiac disease labels. The main idea behind the framework is to employ joint Independent Component Analysis of both echo image intensity information and corresponding segmentation labels to generate models that jointly describe the image and label space of echo patients on multiple apical views jointly, instead of independently. These models are then both used for segmentation and volume estimation of cardiac chambers such as the left atrium and for detecting pathological abnormalities such as mitral regurgitation. We validate the approach on a large cohort of echos obtained from 6,993 studies. We report performance of the proposed framework in estimation of the left-atrium volume and diagnosis of mitral-regurgitation severity. A correlation coefficient of 0.87 was achieved for volume estimation of the left atrium when compared to the clinical report. Moreover, we classified patients that suffer from moderate or severe mitral regurgitation diagnosis with an average accuracy of 82%. Using only B-Mode echo information to automatically derive these clinical parameters, there is potential for this approach to be used clinically.
Crustal thickness variations along the Southeast Indian Ridge (100°–116°E) from 2-D body wave tomography
Creators: name: Holmes, R. Chadwick
name: Tolstoy, Maya
name: Cochran, James R.
name: Floyd, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Marine geophysics
subject: Geomorphology
subject: Mid-ocean ridges
subject: Tomography

description: Axial morphology along the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) systematically changes from an axial high to a deep rift valley at a nearly uniform intermediate spreading rate between 100°–116°E, west of the Australian-Antarctic Discordance (AAD). Basalt geochemistry has a consistent Indian–mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) type isotopic signature, so changes in axial topography are attributed to variations in both mantle temperature and melt supply. Wide-angle seismic refraction lines were shot to four ocean bottom hydrophones within SEIR segments P1, P2, S1, and T, where each segment is characterized by a different morphology. We constructed 2-D crustal velocity models by jointly inverting hand-picked P wave refraction (Pg) and Moho reflection (PmP) traveltime data using a top-down, minimum-structure methodology. The results show a 1.5 km eastward decrease in crustal thickness across the study area, with segment averages ranging from 6.1 km at P1 to 4.6 km at T. Melt generation models require a ~30°C decrease in mantle temperature toward the AAD to account for the crustal thickness trend. Significant changes in axial morphology accompany small-scale variations in crustal thickness, consistent with models of crustal accretion where ridge topography is determined by a balance between mantle temperature, melt supply, and cooling from hydrothermal circulation. Layer 3 thins by 3.0 km as layer 2 thickens by 1.4 km between segments P1 and T, reflecting the eastward decrease in melt supply and increase in melt lens depth. The trade-off in seismic layers may be explained by models relating the increase in overburden pressure on a deepening melt lens to the volume of magma erupted into the upper crust rather than cooling at depth to form new lower crustal material.
พระสงฆ์กับการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นด้านวัฒนธรรมและประเพณีชุมชนจังหวัดสุรินทร์
Creators: name: สุริยา คลังฤทธิ์
Publisher: name: Department of Strategics for Improving Education Quality, Surindra Rajabhat University
Year: 2023
Subjects: พระสงฆ์กับการพัฒนา
ประเพณีท้องถิ่น
วัดผักไหมพุทธวาส จังหวัดสุรินทร์

description: วารสารราชภัฏสุรินทร์วิชาการ, 1, 2, 73-88
Noise and Signal for Spectra of Intermittent Noiselike Emission
Creators: name: Gwinn, Carl R.
name: Johnson, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that intermittency of noiselike emission, after propagation through a scattering medium, affects the distribution of noise in the observed correlation function. Intermittency also affects correlation of noise among channels of the spectrum, but leaves the average spectrum, average correlation function, and distribution of noise among channels of the spectrum unchanged. Pulsars are examples of such sources: intermittent and affected by interstellar propagation. We assume that the source emits Gaussian white noise, modulated by a time-envelope. Propagation convolves the resulting time series with an impulse-response function that represents effects of dispersion, scattering, and absorption. We assume that this propagation kernel is shorter than the time for an observer to accumulate a single spectrum. We show that rapidly-varying intermittent emission tends to concentrate noise near the central lag of the correlation function. We derive mathematical expressions for this effect, in terms of the time envelope and the propagation kernel. We present examples, discuss effects of background noise, and compare our results with observations.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Theory and simulation of photogeneration and transport in Si-SiOx superlattice absorbers
Creators: name: Aeberhard, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Si-SiOx superlattices are among the candidates that have been proposed as high band gap absorber material in all-Si tandem solar cell devices. Due to the large potential barriers for photoexited charge carriers, transport in these devices is restricted to quantum confined superlattice states. As a consequence of the finite number of wells, large built-in fields and any kind of disorder, the electronic spectrum can deviate considerably from the minibands of a regular superlattice. In this paper, a quantum-kinetic theory based on the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism for an effective mass Hamiltonian is used to investigate photogeneration and transport in such devices for arbitrary geometry and operating conditions. By including the coupling of electrons to both photons and phonons, the theory is able to provide a microscopic picture of indirect generation, carrier relaxation and inter-well transport mechanisms beyond the ballistic regime.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Nanoscale Research Letters, special issue of the EMRS Fall Meeting 2010, Symposium E