cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effects of demographic evolutions on the family environment of aged 65 and over in Greece
Creators: name: KOTZAMANIS, BYRON
name: Demo, Dirap
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Demography not elsewhere classified

description: Declining fertility and increasing life expectancy in Greece have led to an increase in the elderly population, which is unlikely to be reversed in the coming decades, as the number of people over 65 will increase while the overall population declines. Attention is mainly focused on the changing relationship between the working and non-working age population, especially the relationship between the economically active and the non-active population over 65 years old and their direct and indirect effects. However, the decrease in fertility (and especially the increasing rates of childlessness) as well as the increase of life expectancy in combination with changes in marriage and divorce will also affect the composition of the elderly households. In the cohorts born after 1980, the number of people over 65 years old with a limited number of relatives - or even with no relatives - in their ‘close’ family environment will rapidly increase. Thus, even assuming that the existing family ties will not weaken in the forthcoming decades, given that up until today family solidarity has been ‘replacing’ the welfare state in Greece, the challenge is obvious.
On the Rotating and Oscillating strings in $(AdS_3\times S^3)_{\varkappa}$
Creators: name: Banerjee, Aritra
name: Panigrahi, Kamal L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study rigidly rotating strings in the $\varkappa$-deformed $AdS_3 \times S^3$ background. We find out two classes of solutions corresponding to the giant magnon and single spike solutions of the string rotating in two $S^2_{\varkappa}$ subspace of rotations reduced along two different isometries. We verify that the dispersion relations reduce to the well known relation in the $\varkappa\rightarrow 0$ limit. We further study some oscillating string solutions in the $S^3_{\varkappa}$ subspace.
description: 20 pages, clarifications added, version to appear in JHEP
Stochastic Trust Region Methods with Trust Region Radius Depending on Probabilistic Models
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoyu
name: Yuan, Ya-xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65K05, 65K10, 90C60

description: We present a stochastic trust-region model-based framework in which its radius is related to the probabilistic models. Especially, we propose a specific algorithm, termed STRME, in which the trust-region radius depends linearly on the latest model gradient. The complexity of STRME method in non-convex, convex and strongly convex settings has all been analyzed, which matches the existing algorithms based on probabilistic properties. In addition, several numerical experiments are carried out to reveal the benefits of the proposed methods compared to the existing stochastic trust-region methods and other relevant stochastic gradient methods.
Additional file 1 of Agreement between 24-hour urine and 24-hour food recall in measuring salt intake in primary school children in Australia
Creators: name: Santos, Joseph Alvin
name: Bolton, Kristy A.
name: Rosewarne, Emalie
name: Trieu, Kathy
name: Di Tanna, Gian Luca
name: Woodward, Mark
name: Webster, Jacqui
name: Grimes, Carley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Criteria for assessing completeness of 24-hour urine samples.
Synthetic Stellar Photometry - I. General considerations and new transformations for broad-band systems
Creators: name: Casagrande, Luca
name: VandenBerg, Don A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a pedagogical introduction to the main concepts of synthetic photometry, colours and bolometric corrections in the Johnson-Cousins, 2MASS, and HST-ACS/WFC3 photometric systems are generated from MARCS synthetic fluxes for various [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe] combinations, and virtually any value of reddening E(B-V) < 0.7. The successes and failures of model fluxes in reproducing the observed magnitudes are highlighted. Overall, extant synthetic fluxes predict quite realistic broad-band colours and bolometric corrections, especially at optical and longer wavelengths: further improvements of the predictions for the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions await the use of hydrodynamic models where the microturbulent velocity is not treated as a free parameter. We show how the morphology of the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD) changes for different values of [Fe/H] and [alpha/Fe]; in particular, how suitable colour combinations can easily discriminate between red giant branch and lower main sequence populations with different [alpha/Fe], due to the concomitant loops and swings in the CMD. We also provide computer programs to produce tables of synthetic bolometric corrections as well as routines to interpolate in them. These colour-Teff-metallicity relations may be used to convert isochrones for different chemical compositions to various bandpasses assuming observed reddening values, thus bypassing the standard assumption of a constant colour excess for stars of different spectral type. We also show how such an assumption can lead to significant systematic errors. The MARCS transformations presented in this study promise to provide important constraints on our understanding of the multiple stellar populations found in globular clusters (e.g., the colours of lower main sequence stars are predicted to depend strongly on [alpha/Fe]) and of those located towards/in the Galactic bulge.
description: MNRAS, accepted. Tables and programs to generate synthetic colours and bolometric corrections in various photometric systems and for different combination of E(B-V), [Fe/H], [alpha/Fe], Teff and logg available via CDS at http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/MNRAS/444/392
Stability of cyber-physical systems of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations: integrating the cyber and the physical of stochastic systems
Creators: name: Huang, Lirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents the cyber-physical system (CPS) of a numerical method (the widely-used Euler- Maruyama method) and establishes a foundational theory of the CPSs of numerical methods for stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which transforms the way we understand the relationship between the numerical method and the underlying dynamical system. Unlike in the literature where they are treated as separate systems linked by inequalities, the CPS is a seamless integration of the SDE and the numerical method and we construct a new and general class of stochastic impulsive differential equations (SiDEs) that can serve as a canonic form of the CPSs of numerical methods. By the CPS approach, we show the equivalence and intrinsic relationship between the stability of the SDE and the stability of the numerical method using the Lyapunov stability theory we develop for our class of SiDEs. Applying our established theory, we present the CPS Lyapunov inequality that is the necessary and sufficient condition for meansquare stability of the CPS of the Euler-Maruyama method for linear SDEs. The proposed CPS and theory initiate the study of systems numerics and provoke many open and interesting problems for future work.
Quantum Computation under Micromotion in a Planar Ion Crystal
Creators: name: Wang, Sheng-Tao
name: Shen, Chao
name: Duan, Lu-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to realize scalable quantum computation in a planar ion crystal confined by a Paul trap. We show that the inevitable in-plane micromotion affects the gate design via three separate effects: renormalization of the equilibrium positions, coupling to the transverse motional modes, and amplitude modulation in the addressing beam. We demonstrate that all of these effects can be taken into account and high-fidelity gates are possible in the presence of micromotion. This proposal opens the prospect to realize large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation within a single Paul trap.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, including Supplemental Material
The random walk on the random connection model
Creators: name: Sönmez, Ercan
name: Rousselle, Arnaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the behavior of the random walk in a continuum independent long-range percolation model, in which two given vertices $x$ and $y$ are connected with probability that asymptotically behaves like $|x-y|^{-α}$ with $α>d$, where $d$ denotes the dimension of the underlying Euclidean space. More precisely, focus is on the random connection model in which the vertex set is given by the realization of a homogeneous Poisson point process. We show that this random graph exhibits the same properties as classical discrete long-range percolation models studied in [3] with regard to recurrence and transience of the random walk. The recurrence results are valid for every intensity of the Poisson point process while the transience results hold for large enough intensity. Moreover, we address a question which is related to a conjecture in [16] for this graph.
description: New version of the manuscript with some extensions
A Review: Stroke in the Elderly in Thailand: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology in Elderly People, Risk Factors, and Prevention
Creators: name: Emily Thanajindawon, Pongsakorn Lohasiriwat
name: Kwanchanok Juisakul
name: Nathapinya Aimsurnpang
name: Pannatat Narintarangkool
name: Winthai Duang-Ngern
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Stroke was the second leading global cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Generally,
stroke was also increasingly recognized as an essential cause of disability and mortality among both
genders. Despite the improvement in the healthcare system, the mortality rate of stroke in Thailand is still
highly increasing every year. Extra knowledge of various risk factors contributing to the occurrence of
stroke will be beneficial in the operation of regional healthcare services, while also decreasing the social
burden rate after post-treatment. Elderly people have higher chance of death caused from stroke and
nowadays, number of elderly people has steadily increase.
This literature research provided several risk factors and primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention in
both ischemic and hemorrhage strokes. As with the risk factor, we demonstrated comprehensively
throughout every health factor, which played an important role in causing stroke in Thai population,
categorized in two groups: non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. To be more precise, nonmodifiable
risk factors, presented were two factors that are aging and gender, while modifiable risk factors
are four factors comprising dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, and
atrial fibrillation. Focusing on primary prevention, it is also composed of two groups: behavioral risk
factors and underlying diseases. In behavioral risk factors, there are two behaviors taken into consideration
which are salt intake and smoking. Furthermore, in underlying diseases, there were several crucial
sicknesses related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. As
with secondary and tertiary prevention, the information about preventing each patient, from recurrent
stroke events and further complications and disabilities in individuals who have already experienced a
stroke, was provided comprehensively.
description: IJSRED - International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering Development
Space-time evolution of heavy sterile neutrinos in cascade decays
Creators: name: Boyanovsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy sterile-like neutrinos may be produced resonantly from the decay of pseudoscalar mesons and may decay into several different channels in a cascade $Φ\rightarrow L^αν_h;ν_h\rightarrow \{X\}$. In general these are rare events with displaced vertices. We provide a non-perturbative and manifestly unitary framework that describes the cascade decay and yields the space-time evolution of the probabilities for sterile neutrinos, final states and the total number of events at a far detector. The results are general, valid for Dirac or Majorana neutrinos and only input the total decay rates and branching ratios for the production and decay channels. We apply the general results to two examples of "visible" decay: i) $K^+\rightarrow e^+ ν_h\rightarrow (e^+) e^+ e^- ν_e$ via a standard model charged current vertex and ii) the radiative decay $K^+\rightarrow μ^+ ν_h \rightarrow (μ^+) ν_a γ$. For this latter cascade process we find substantial corrections to previous assessments within the parameter space argued to solve the anomalous excess of electron-like events at MiniBooNE. These large corrections may help relieve the tension with recent experimental bounds on radiative decays of heavy sterile neutrinos.
description: 22 pages, 7 figs
Calibration tests in multi-class classification: A unifying framework
Creators: name: Widmann, David
name: Lindsten, Fredrik
name: Zachariah, Dave
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In safety-critical applications a probabilistic model is usually required to be calibrated, i.e., to capture the uncertainty of its predictions accurately. In multi-class classification, calibration of the most confident predictions only is often not sufficient. We propose and study calibration measures for multi-class classification that generalize existing measures such as the expected calibration error, the maximum calibration error, and the maximum mean calibration error. We propose and evaluate empirically different consistent and unbiased estimators for a specific class of measures based on matrix-valued kernels. Importantly, these estimators can be interpreted as test statistics associated with well-defined bounds and approximations of the p-value under the null hypothesis that the model is calibrated, significantly improving the interpretability of calibration measures, which otherwise lack any meaningful unit or scale.
description: Corrected version that 1) fixes the ECE evaluation with bins of uniform size (does not affect our conclusions and discussions) and 2) contains additional experimental results in the supplementary material
Analyzing Non-Monotone Failure Data
Creators: name: Mansoor, Muhammad
name: Tahir, M. H.
name: M. Cordeiro, Gauss
name: M.M. Ortega, Edwin
name: Alzaatreh, Ayman
Publisher: name: REVSTAT-Statistical Journal
Year: 2023

description: A new two-parameter distribution is defined for modeling non-monotone lifetime data. It is constructed based on the logistic-G family and the exponential distribution. Its hazard rate properties are different than those of the well-known distributions. Some of its statistical properties are presented. An extended regression based on the logarithm of the random variable of the introduced distribution is defined. The new regression can provide better fits than other special regressions for analyzing real data. The performance of the maximum likelihood estimates is investigated from a simulation study. Three lifetime data sets are used to prove empirically the usefulness of the new models.
description: REVSTAT-Statistical Journal, Vol. 20 No. 5 (2022): REVSTAT-Statistical Journal
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey - Searching for Cosmic Voids
Creators: name: Micheletti, D.
name: Iovino, A.
name: Hawken, A. J.
name: Granett, B. R.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Abbas, U.
name: Adami, C.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: Bel, J.
name: Bottini, D.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Coupon, J.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Davidzon, I.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: Fritz, A.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Fumana, M.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Krywult, J.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Małek, K.
name: Marulli, F.
name: McCracken, H. J.
name: Polletta, M.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Schimd, C.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Tasca, L. A. M.
name: Tojeiro, R.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Burden, A.
name: Di Porto, C.
name: Marchetti, A.
name: Marinoni, C.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Moutard, T.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Peacock, J. A.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterisation of cosmic voids gives unique information about the large-scale distribution of galaxies, their evolution and the cosmological model. We identify and characterise cosmic voids in the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) at redshift 0.55 < z < 0.9. A new void search method is developed based upon the identification of empty spheres that fit between galaxies. The method can be used to characterise the cosmic voids despite the presence of complex survey boundaries and internal gaps. We investigate the impact of systematic observational effects and validate the method against mock catalogues. We measure the void size distribution and the void-galaxy correlation function. We construct a catalogue of voids in VIPERS. The distribution of voids is found to agree well with the distribution of voids found in mock catalogues. The void-galaxy correlation function shows indications of outflow velocity from the voids.
Additional file 2 of Agreement between 24-hour urine and 24-hour food recall in measuring salt intake in primary school children in Australia
Creators: name: Santos, Joseph Alvin
name: Bolton, Kristy A.
name: Rosewarne, Emalie
name: Trieu, Kathy
name: Di Tanna, Gian Luca
name: Woodward, Mark
name: Webster, Jacqui
name: Grimes, Carley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Intraclass correlation coefficients and kappa statistic by subgroups.
Shear band formation in amorphous materials under oscillatory shear deformation
Creators: name: Priezjev, Nikolai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of periodic shear on strain localization in disordered solids is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider a binary mixture of one million atoms annealed to a low temperature with different cooling rates and then subjected to oscillatory shear deformation with a strain amplitude slightly above the critical value. It is found that the yielding transition occurs during one cycle but the accumulation of irreversible displacements and initiation of the shear band proceed over larger number of cycles for more slowly annealed glasses. The spatial distribution and correlation function of nonaffine displacements reveal that their collective dynamics changes from homogeneously distributed small clusters to a system-spanning shear band. The analysis of spatially averaged profiles of nonaffine displacements indicates that the location of a shear band in periodically loaded glasses can be identified at least several cycles before yielding. These insights are important for development of novel processing methods and prediction of the fatigue lifetime of metallic glasses.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, https://youtu.be/sRQ69H0p9hE
Helicity amplitudes for generic multi-body particle decays featuring multiple decay chains
Creators: name: Marangotto, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the general expression of helicity amplitudes for generic multi-body particle decays characterised by multiple decay chains. This is achieved by addressing for the first time the issue of the matching of final particle spin states among different decay chains in full generality for generic multi-body decays, proposing a method able to match the exact definition of spin states relative to the decaying particle ones. We stress the importance of our result by showing that one of the matching method used in the literature is incorrect, leading to amplitude models violating rotational invariance. The results presented are therefore relevant for performing numerous amplitude analysis, notably those searching for exotic structures like pentaquarks.
Parity-violating interactions of cosmic fields with atoms, molecules, and nuclei: Concepts and calculations for laboratory searches and extracting limits
Creators: name: Roberts, B. M.
name: Stadnik, Y. V.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Leefer, N.
name: Budker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose methods and present calculations that can be used to search for evidence of cosmic fields by investigating the parity-violating effects, including parity nonconservation amplitudes and electric dipole moments, that they induce in atoms. The results are used to constrain important fundamental parameters describing the strength of the interaction of various cosmic fields with electrons, protons, and neutrons. Candidates for such fields are dark matter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exotic sources described by standard-model extensions. Existing parity nonconservation experiments in Cs, Dy, Yb, and Tl are combined with our calculations to directly place limits on the interaction strength between the temporal component, b_0, of a static pseudovector cosmic field and the atomic electrons, with the most stringent limit of |b_0^e| < 7*10^(-15) GeV, in the laboratory frame of reference, coming from Dy. From a measurement of the nuclear anapole moment of Cs, and a limit on its value for Tl, we also extract limits on the interaction strength between the temporal component of this cosmic field, as well as a related tensor cosmic-field component d_00, with protons and neutrons. The most stringent limits of |b_0^p| < 4*10^(-8) GeV and |d_00^p| < 5*10^(-8) for protons, and |b_0^n| < 2*10^(-7) GeV and |d_00^n| < 2*10^(-7) for neutrons (in the laboratory frame) come from the results using Cs. Axions may induce oscillating P- and T-violating effects in atoms and molecules through the generation of oscillating nuclear magnetic quadrupole and Schiff moments, which arise from P- and T-odd intranuclear forces and from the electric dipole moments of constituent nucleons. Nuclear-spin-independent parity nonconservation effects may be enhanced in diatomic molecules possessing close pairs of opposite-parity levels in the presence of time-dependent interactions.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables, Editor's Suggestion
Modelling the Effects of Stellar Magnetic Fields on (Exo)Planetary Magnetosphere - Atmosphere systems with Implications for Habitability
Creators: name: Gupta, Sakshi
name: Arnab Basak
name: Dibyendu Nandi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The long-term evolution of stellar magnetic activity governs the environment of the orbiting planets impacting their habitability. We perform three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations followed by a detailed parameter space study to understand the effect of variation in stellar wind magnetic field and intrinsic magnetosphere on the planetary magnetic field topology and atmospheric mass loss rate. We find that the relative strength of the planetary magnetic field with respect to that of stellar wind plays a critical role in determining the steady-state magnetospheric configuration and atmospheric erosion. Either strengthening the stellar wind magnetic field or weakening the planetary magnetospheric strength results in stellar field accumulation in front of the planet, similar to that of an imposed magnetosphere. We explore the formation of Alfvén wings on the planetary night-side wake region at different magnetic activity levels. We identify reconnection processes and wind conditions that lead to the bifurcation of the current sheet in the magnetotail. With increasing stellar wind magnetic field strength, the day-side reconnection point approaches the planet, thereby increasing the mass-loss rate. We establish an analytical relationship that represent well the modelled behaviour of atmospheric mass loss rate with ratio of planetary to stellar wind magnetic field strengths. Our study has far-reaching implications in the context of star-planet interaction and (exo)planetary habitability.
title: Sprachsensibles Unterrichtsgeschehen im Förderschwerpunkt esE – Eine theoretisch fundierte Ideen- und Materialsammlung. Teil I: Theoretische Fundierung und Impulse
title: Language-Sensitive Teaching Practices in Special Needs Education for Children with emotional and behavioral difficulties - A Theory based Collection of Ideas and Materials. Part I: Theoretical Foundation and Insights
Creators: name: Schreier, Pascal
name: Jessen, Moiken
Publisher: name: Universität Würzburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 371 Schulen, schulische Tätigkeiten; Sonderpädagogik

description: LFS online; 5
Gravitational Analog of Faraday's Law via Torsion and a Metric with an Antisymmetric Part
Creators: name: Mannheim, Philip D.
name: Poveromo, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show that in the presence of torsion and a metric with an antisymmetric part one can construct a gravitational analog of Faraday's law of electromagnetism.
description: Revtex4, 4 pages. Final version, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation
Additional file 1 of Gender operationalisation and stress measurement in research with adolescent males: a scoping review
Creators: name: Carmichael-Murphy, Parise
name: Demkowicz, Ola
name: Humphrey, Neil
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Causality for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.5; K.4
subject: I.2, I.5, K.4

description: Graphical causal inference as pioneered by Judea Pearl arose from research on artificial intelligence (AI), and for a long time had little connection to the field of machine learning. This article discusses where links have been and should be established, introducing key concepts along the way. It argues that the hard open problems of machine learning and AI are intrinsically related to causality, and explains how the field is beginning to understand them.
Physical Models for the Clustering of Obscured and Unobscured Quasars
Creators: name: Whalen, Kelly E.
name: Hickox, Ryan C.
name: DiPompeo, Michael A.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Myers, Adam D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Clustering measurements of obscured and unobscured quasars show that obscured quasars reside in more massive dark matter halos than their unobscured counterparts. These results are inconsistent with simple unified (torus) scenarios, but might be explained by models in which the distribution of obscuring material depends on Eddington ratio or galaxy stellar mass. We test these possibilities by constructing simple physical models to compare to observed AGN populations. We find that previously observed relationships between obscuration and Eddington ratio or stellar mass are not sufficient reproduce the observed quasar clustering results ($\langle \log M_{\text{halo}}/M_{\odot} \rangle = 12.94 ^{+ 0.10}_{- 0.11}$ and $\langle \log M_{\text{halo}}/M_{\odot} \rangle = 12.49 ^{+ 0.08}_{- 0.08}$ for obscured and unobscured populations, respectively) while maintaining the observed fraction of obscured quasars (30-65$\%$). This work suggests that evolutionary models, in which obscuration evolves on the typical timescale for black hole growth, are necessary to understand the observed clustering of mid-IR selected quasars.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Quadratic Embedding Constants of Graph Joins
Creators: name: Lou, Zhenzhen
name: Obata, Nobuaki
name: Huang, Qiongxiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary 05C50, secondary 05C12 05C76

description: The quadratic embedding constant (QE constant) of a graph is a new characteristic value of a graph defined through the distance matrix. We derive formulae for the QE constants of the join of two regular graphs, double graphs and certain lexicographic product graphs. Examples include complete bipartite graphs, wheel graphs, friendship graphs, completely split graph, and some graphs associated to strongly regular graphs.
description: 20 pages
Microscopic Models for Welfare Measures Addressing a Reduction of Economic Inequality
Creators: name: Bertotti, Maria Letizia
name: Modanese, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We formulate a flexible micro-to-macro kinetic model which is able to explain the emergence of income profiles out of a whole of individual economic interactions. The model is expressed by a system of several nonlinear differential equations which involve parameters defined by probabilities. Society is described as an ensemble of individuals divided into income classes; the individuals exchange money through binary and ternary interactions, leaving the total wealth unchanged. The ternary interactions represent taxation and redistribution effects. Dynamics is investigated through computational simulations, the focus being on the effects that different fiscal policies and differently weighted welfare policies have on the long-run income distributions. The model provides a tool which may contribute to the identification of the most effective actions towards a reduction of economic inequality. We find for instance that, under certain hypotheses, the Gini index is more affected by a policy of reduction of the welfare and subsidies for the rich classes than by an increase of the upper tax rate. Such a policy also has the effect of slightly increasing the total tax revenue.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1403.0015
Lock-exchange problem for Boussinesq fluids revisited: exact shallow-water solution
Creators: name: Politis, Gerasimos
name: Priede, Jānis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact solution to the lock-exchange problem, which is a two-layer analogue of the classical dam-break problem, is obtained in the shallow-water (SW) approximation for two immiscible fluids with slightly different densities. The problem is solved by the method of characteristics using analytic expressions for the Riemann invariants. The obtained solution, which represents an inviscid approximation to the high-Reynolds-number limit, is in general discontinuous containing up to three hydraulic jumps which are due to either multivaluedness or instability of the continuous SW solution. Hydraulic jumps are resolved by applying the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions for the SW mass and generalized momentum conservation equations. The latter contains a free parameter $α$ which defines the relative contribution of each layer to the interfacial pressure gradient. We consider a solution for $α=0,$ which corresponds to both layers affecting the interfacial pressure gradient with equal weight coefficients. This solution is compared with the solutions resulting from the application of the classical Benjamin's front condition as well as the circulation conservation condition, which correspond to $α=-1$ and $α\rightarrow\infty,$ respectively. The SW solution reproduces all principal features of 2D numerical solution for viscous fluids. The gravity current speed is found to agree well with experimental and numerical results when the front acquires the largest stable height which occurs at $α=\sqrt{5}-2.$ We show that two-layer SW equations for the mass and generalized momentum conservation can describe interfacial waves containing hydraulic jumps in a self-contained way without external closure conditions.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures (to appear in Phys. Fluids)
Hyperbolic Space Has Strong Negative Type
Creators: name: Lyons, Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51K99, 51M10, 30L05, 53C20

description: It is known that hyperbolic spaces have strict negative type, a condition on the distances of any finite subset of points. We show that they have strong negative type, a condition on every probability distribution of points (with integrable distance to a fixed point). This implies that the function of expected distances to points determines the probability measure uniquely. It also implies that the distance covariance test for stochastic independence, introduced by Székely, Rizzo and Bakirov, is consistent against all alternatives in hyperbolic spaces. We prove this by showing an analogue of the Cramér-Wold device.
description: 6 pp
Neutrinos with a linear seesaw mechanism in a scenario of gauged B-L symmetry
Creators: name: Dib, Claudio O.
name: Moreno, Gaston R.
name: Neill, Nicolas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a mechanism for neutrino mass generation, based on a local B-L extension of the standard model, which becomes a linear seesaw regime for light neutrinos after spontaneous symmetry breaking. The spectrum of extra particles includes heavy neutrinos with masses near the TeV scale and a heavy Z' boson, as well as three extra neutral scalars and a charged scalar pair. We study the production and decays of these heavy particles at the LHC. Z' will decay mainly into heavy neutrino pairs or charged lepton pairs, similar to other low scale seesaw scenarios with local B-L, while the phenomenology of the extra scalars is what distinguishes the linear seesaw from the previous models. One of the neutral scalars is produced by Z' Z' fusion and decays mainly into vector boson pairs, the other two neutral scalars are less visible as they decay only into heavy or light neutrino pairs, and finally the charged scalars will decay mainly into charged leptons and missing energy.
description: 15 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures
Gradient-Based Training and Pruning of Radial Basis Function Networks with an Application in Materials Physics
Creators: name: Määttä, Jussi
name: Bazaliy, Viacheslav
name: Kimari, Jyri
name: Djurabekova, Flyura
name: Nordlund, Kai
name: Roos, Teemu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many applications, especially in physics and other sciences, call for easily interpretable and robust machine learning techniques. We propose a fully gradient-based technique for training radial basis function networks with an efficient and scalable open-source implementation. We derive novel closed-form optimization criteria for pruning the models for continuous as well as binary data which arise in a challenging real-world material physics problem. The pruned models are optimized to provide compact and interpretable versions of larger models based on informed assumptions about the data distribution. Visualizations of the pruned models provide insight into the atomic configurations that determine atom-level migration processes in solid matter; these results may inform future research on designing more suitable descriptors for use with machine learning algorithms.
Asymptotics of the 3j and 9j Coefficients
Creators: name: Hertz-Kintish, Daniel
name: Zamick, Larry
name: Kleszyk, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the details of calculations we previously performed for the large j behavior of certain 3j and coefficients. We compare exact and asymptotic expressions.
Select Specimens of the Archæelogical Collection in the Department of Literature, Kyoto Imperial University [extrait]
Creators: name: Kyōto Teikoku Daigaku
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1930
Subjects: Bodhgayā

description: Kyōto Teikoku Daigaku. Select Specimens of the Archæelogical Collection in the Department of Literature, Kyoto Imperial University. Kyoto: Kyoto Imperial University, 1930. [extrait] Sculpture, Indic -- Catalogs. Sculpture -- India -- Kyoto -- Catalogs.
Focal-plane wavefront sensing with high-order adaptive optics systems
Creators: name: Korkiakoski, Visa
name: Keller, Christoph U.
name: Doelman, Niek
name: Kenworthy, Matthew
name: Otten, Gilles
name: Verhaegen, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate methods to calibrate the non-common path aberrations at an adaptive optics system having a wavefront-correcting device working at an extremely high resolution (larger than 150x150). We use focal-plane images collected successively, the corresponding phase-diversity information and numerically efficient algorithms to calculate the required wavefront updates. The wavefront correction is applied iteratively until the algorithms converge. Different approaches are studied. In addition of the standard Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, we test the extension of the Fast & Furious algorithm that uses three images and creates an estimate of the pupil amplitudes. We also test recently proposed phase-retrieval methods based on convex optimisation. The results indicate that in the framework we consider, the calibration task is easiest with algorithms similar to the Fast & Furious.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, published in SPIE proceedings
The Economics of Social Data
Creators: name: Bergemann, Dirk
name: Bonatti, Alessandro
name: Gan, Tan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A data intermediary acquires signals from individual consumers regarding their preferences. The intermediary resells the information in a product market wherein firms and consumers tailor their choices to the demand data. The social dimension of the individual data -- whereby a consumer's data are predictive of others' behavior -- generates a data externality that can reduce the intermediary's cost of acquiring the information. The intermediary optimally preserves the privacy of consumers' identities if and only if doing so increases social surplus. This policy enables the intermediary to capture the total value of the information as the number of consumers becomes large.
On the number of bins in a rank histogram
Creators: name: Heinrich, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rank histograms are popular tools for assessing the reliability of meteorological ensemble forecast systems. A reliable forecast system leads to a uniform rank histogram, and deviations from uniformity can indicate miscalibrations. However, the ability to identify such deviations by visual inspection of rank histogram plots crucially depends on the number of bins chosen for the histogram. If too few bins are chosen, the rank histogram is likely to miss miscalibrations; if too many are chosen, even perfectly calibrated forecast systems can yield rank histograms that do not appear uniform. In this paper we address this trade-off and propose a method for choosing the number of bins for a rank histogram. The goal of our method is to select a number of bins such that the intuitive decision whether a histogram is uniform or not is as close as possible to a formal statistical test. Our results indicate that it is often appropriate to choose fewer bins than the usual choice of ensemble size plus one, especially when the number of observations available for verification is small.
Additional file 1 of Preclinical evaluation of combination nemtabrutinib and venetoclax in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Creators: name: Muhowski, Elizabeth M.
name: Ravikrishnan, Janani
name: Gordon, Britten
name: Yu, Lianbo
name: Misra, Shrilekha
name: Walker, Brandi
name: Eathiraj, Sudharshan
name: Sampath, Deepa
name: Rogers, Kerry A.
name: Byrd, John C.
name: Woyach, Jennifer A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Kaplan–Meier estimated survival of all recipient mice (n=93) treated with vehicle, venetoclax (100 mg/kg), nemtabrutinib (75 mg/kg), ibrutinib (25 mg/kg), venetoclax (100 mg/kg) and nemtabrutinib (75 mg/kg), or venetoclax (100 mg/kg) and ibrutinib (25 mg/kg).
Destructive Zero-Inflated Power Series Cure Rate Models for Carcinogenesis Studies
Creators: name: R. Pescim, Rodrigo
name: K. Suzuki, Adriano
name: M. Cordeiro, Gauss
name: M. M. Ortega, Edwin
Publisher: name: REVSTAT-Statistical Journal
Year: 2023

description: In this paper, we propose a new flexible survival model called the destructive zero-inflated power series cure rate model. This new model describes a realistic interpretation for the biological mechanism of the occurrence of the event of interest in studies of carcinogenesis in the presence of the competing latent causes. The maximum likelihood method is used for estimating the model parameters. For different sample sizes, various scenarios are simulated to evaluate the precision of the estimates. The usefulness of the new cure rate survival model is illustrated by means of a cutaneous melanoma data set.
description: REVSTAT-Statistical Journal, Vol. 20 No. 5 (2022): REVSTAT-Statistical Journal
Leptoquarks, Dark Matter, and Anomalous LHC Events
Creators: name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
name: Sinha, Kuver
name: Strumia, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptoquarks with mass in the region of $550-650$ GeV are a possible candidate for the recent excess seen by CMS in the $eejj$ and $e νjj$ channels. We discuss models where leptoquarks decay primarily to dark matter and jets, thereby giving a branching to charged lepton and jet final states that can match data. The confluence of proton decay constraints, dark matter indirect and direct detection data, and Higgs invisible decay bounds results in a handful of predictive models that will be conclusively verified or excluded in upcoming direct detection experiments. Along the way, we present robust limits on such leptoquark models stemming from the muon magnetic moment using current and projected experiment sensitivities, as well as from $K$ and $B$ meson mixing, and leptonic and semi-leptonic meson decays.
description: Section on muon g-2 and references updated. 9 pages, 6 figures
Chiral Floquet systems and quantum walks at half period
Creators: name: Cedzich, C.
name: Geib, T.
name: Werner, A. H.
name: Werner, R. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify chiral symmetric periodically driven quantum systems on a one-dimensional lattice. The driving process is local, can be continuous or discrete in time, and we assume a gap condition for the corresponding Floquet operator. The analysis is in terms of the unitary operator at a half-period, the half-step operator. We give a complete classification of the connected classes of half-step operators in terms of five integer indices. On the basis of these indices it can be decided whether the half-step operator can be obtained from a continuous Hamiltonian driving, or not. The half-step operator determines two Floquet operators, obtained by starting the driving at zero or at half period, respectively. These are called timeframes and are chiral symmetric quantum walks. Conversely, we show under which conditions two chiral symmetric walks determine a common half-step operator. Moreover, we clarify the connection between the classification of half-step operators and the corresponding quantum walks. Within this theory we prove bulk-edge correspondence and show that a second timeframe allows to distinguish between symmetry protected edge states at $+1$ and $-1$ which is not possible for a single timeframe.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures, v2: updated to the journal version