cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide meta-analysis of variant-by-diuretic interactions as modulators of lipid traits in persons of European and African ancestry
Creators: name: Broeckel, U.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Busch, E.L.
name: Sung, Y.J.
name: Sitlani, C.M.
name: Musani, S.K.
name: Psaty, B.M.
name: Evans, D.S.
name: Guo, X.
name: Ikram, M.A.
name: Heckbert, S.R.
name: Wilson, J.G.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: Rao, D.C.
name: Taylor, K.D.
name: Uitterlinden, A.
name: Bartz, T.M.
name: Launer, L.J.
name: Arnett, D.K.
name: Ford, I.
name: Schwander, K.
name: Xu, H.
name: Ruiter, R.
name: Gudnason, V.
name: Wiggins, K.L.
name: Cummings, S.R.
name: Reiner, A.P.
name: Smith, A.V.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Cupples, L.A.
name: Vasan, R.S.
name: Keyser, C.
name: Whitsel, E.A.
name: Lange, L.
name: de las Fuentes, L.
name: Stricker, B.
name: Floyd, J.S.
name: Sotoodehnia, N.
name: Stewart, J.D.
name: Correa, A.
name: Li, X.
name: Sun, F.
name: Bis, J.C.
name: Jukema, J.W.
name: Trompet, S.
name: Chen, Y.-D.I.
name: Smith, N.L.
name: Stürmer, T.
name: Stott, D.J.
name: Harris, T.B.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2020

description: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic abnormalities, including adverse cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) profiles, are frequent comorbid findings with HTN and contribute to cardiovascular disease. Diuretics, which are used to treat HTN and heart failure, have been associated with worsening of fasting lipid concentrations. Genome-wide meta-analyses with 39,710 European-ancestry (EA) individuals and 9925 African-ancestry (AA) individuals were performed to identify genetic variants that modify the effect of loop or thiazide diuretic use on blood lipid concentrations. Both longitudinal and cross sectional data were used to compute cohort-specific interaction results, which were then combined through meta-analysis in each ancestry. These ancestry-specific results were further combined through trans-ancestry meta-analysis. Analysis of EA data identified two genome-wide significant (p < 5 × 10−8) loci with single nucleotide variant (SNV)-loop diuretic interaction on TG concentrations (including COL11A1). Analysis of AA data identified one genome-wide significant locus adjacent to BMP2 with SNV-loop diuretic interaction on TG concentrations. Trans-ancestry analysis strengthened evidence of association for SNV-loop diuretic interaction at two loci (KIAA1217 and BAALC). There were few significant SNV-thiazide diuretic interaction associations on TG concentrations and for either diuretic on cholesterol concentrations. Several promising loci were identified that may implicate biologic pathways that contribute to adverse metabolic side effects from diuretic therapy.
Scattering Suppression from Arbitrary Objects in Spatially-Dispersive Layered Metamaterials
Creators: name: Shalin, Alexander S.
name: Ginzburg, Pavel
name: Orlov, Alexey A.
name: Iorsh, Ivan
name: Belov, Pavel A.
name: Kivshar, Yuri S.
name: Zayats, Anatoly V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Concealing objects by making them invisible to an external electromagnetic probe is coined by the term cloaking. Cloaking devices, having numerous potential applications, are still face challenges in realization, especially in the visible spectral range. In particular, inherent losses and extreme parameters of metamaterials required for the cloak implementation are the limiting factors. Here, we numerically demonstrate nearly perfect suppression of scattering from arbitrary shaped objects in spatially dispersive metamaterial acting as an alignment-free concealing cover. We consider a realization of a metamaterial as a metal-dielectric multilayer and demonstrate suppression of scattering from an arbitrary object in forward and backward directions with perfectly preserved wavefronts and less than 10% absolute intensity change, despite spatial dispersion effects present in the composite metamaterial. Beyond the usual scattering suppression applications, the proposed configuration may serve as a simple realisation of scattering-free detectors and sensors.
Pairwise quantum and classical correlations in multi-qubits states via linear relative entropy
Creators: name: Daoud, M.
name: Laamara, R. Ahl
name: Hadfi, H. El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pairwise correlations in a multi-qubit state are quantified through a linear variant of relative entropy. In particular, we derive the explicit expressions of total, quantum and classical bipartite correlations. Two different bi-partioning schemes are considered. We discuss the derivation of closest product, quantum-classical and quantum-classical product states. We also investigate the additivity relation between the various pairwise correlations existing in pure and mixed states. As illustration, some special cases are examined.
description: 19 pages, To appear in International Journal of Quantum Information
Multi-ethnic genome-wide association study of decomposed cardioelectric phenotypes illustrates strategies to identify and characterize evidence of shared genetic effects for complex traits
Creators: name: Wojcik, G.L.
name: Darbar, D.
name: Highland, H.M.
name: Baldassari, A.R.
name: Arking, D.E.
name: Peters, U.
name: Chen, Y.-D. I.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: Sitlani, C.M.
name: Kooperberg, C.
name: Seyerle, A.A.
name: Kenny, E.E.
name: Yao, J.
name: Hodonsky, C.J.
name: Tao, R.
name: Lin, H.J.
name: Reiner, A.P.
name: Shohet, R.V.
name: Sotoodehnia, N.
name: Taylor, K.D.
name: Graff, M.
name: Soliman, E.Z.
name: Hindorff, L.A.
name: Kaplan, R.C.
name: Heckbert, S.R.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Buyske, S.
name: Whitsel, E.A.
name: Post, W.
name: North, K.E.
name: Gondalia, R.
name: Guo, X.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Background: We examined how expanding electrocardiographic trait genome-wide association studies to include ancestrally diverse populations, prioritize more precise phenotypic measures, and evaluate evidence for shared genetic effects enabled the detection and characterization of loci. Methods: We decomposed 10 seconds, 12-lead electrocardiograms from 34 668 multi-ethnic participants (15% Black; 30% Hispanic/Latino) into 6 contiguous, physiologically distinct (P wave, PR segment, QRS interval, ST segment, T wave, and TP segment) and 2 composite, conventional (PR interval and QT interval) interval scale traits and conducted multivariable-adjusted, trait-specific univariate genome-wide association studies using 1000-G imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Evidence of shared genetic effects was evaluated by aggregating meta-analyzed univariate results across the 6 continuous electrocardiographic traits using the combined phenotype adaptive sum of powered scores test. Results: We identified 6 novels (CD36, PITX2, EMB, ZNF592, YPEL2, and BC043580) and 87 known loci (adaptive sum of powered score test P<5×10-9). Lead single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3211938 at CD36 was common in Blacks (minor allele frequency=10%), near monomorphic in European Americans, and had effects on the QT interval and TP segment that ranked among the largest reported to date for common variants. The other 5 novel loci were observed when evaluating the contiguous but not the composite electrocardiographic traits. Combined phenotype testing did not identify novel electrocardiographic loci unapparent using traditional univariate approaches, although this approach did assist with the characterization of known loci. Conclusions: Despite including one-third as many participants as published electrocardiographic trait genome-wide association studies, our study identified 6 novel loci, emphasizing the importance of ancestral diversity and phenotype resolution in this era of ever-growing genome-wide association studies.
High-resolution structure studies and magnetoelectric coupling of relaxor multiferroic Pb(Fe$_{0.5}$Nb$_{0.5}$)O$_3$
Creators: name: Sim, Hasung
name: Peets, Darren C.
name: Lee, Sanghyun
name: Lee, Seongsu
name: Kamiyama, T.
name: Ikeda, K.
name: Otomo, T.
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Park, Je-Geun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pb(Fe$_{0.5}$Nb$_{0.5}$)O$_3$ (PFN), one of the few relaxor multiferroic systems, has a $G$-type antiferromagnetic transition at $T_N$ = 143 K and a ferroelectric transition at $T_C$ = 385 K. By using high-resolution neutron-diffraction experiments and a total scattering technique, we paint a comprehensive picture of the long- and short-range structures of PFN: (i) a clear sign of short-range structural correlation above $T_C$, (ii) no sign of the negative thermal expansion behavior reported in a previous study, and (iii) clearest evidence thus far of magnetoelectric coupling below $T_N$. We conclude that at the heart of the unusual relaxor multiferroic behavior lies the disorder between Fe$^{3+}$ and Nb$^{5+}$ atoms. We argue that this disorder gives rise to short-range structural correlations arising from O disorder in addition to Pb displacement.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Circulating short-chain fatty acids are positively associated with adiposity measures in chinese adults
Creators: name: Avery, C.L.
name: Wang, H.
name: Fodor, A.A.
name: Tsilimigras, M.C.B.
name: Sha, W.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Sun, S.
name: Meyer, K.A.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Su, C.
name: Zhang, B.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2020

description: Epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between obesity and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, while animal models suggest increased energy harvest through colonic SCFA production in obesity. However, there is a lack of human population-based studies with dietary intake data, plasma SCFAs, gut microbial, and anthropometric data. In 490 Chinese adults aged 30–68 years, we examined the associations between key plasma SCFAs (butyrate/isobutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate measured by non-targeted plasma metabolomics) with body mass index (BMI) using multivariable-adjusted linear regression. We then assessed whether overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 ) modified the association between dietary-precursors of SCFAs (insoluble fiber, total carbohydrates, and high-fiber foods) with plasma SCFAs. In a sub-sample (n = 209) with gut metagenome data, we examined the association between gut microbial SCFA-producers with BMI. We found positive associations between butyrate/isobutyrate and BMI (p-value < 0.05). The associations between insoluble fiber and butyrate/isobutyrate differed by overweight (p-value < 0.10). There was no statistical evidence for an association between microbial SCFA-producers and BMI. In sum, plasma SCFAs were positively associated with BMI and that the colonic fermentation of fiber may differ for adults with versus without overweight.
title: Γεωστατιστική ανάλυση ρυπαντών σε υπόγεια νερά στο υδατικό διαμέρισμα της Δυτικής Μακεδονίας με έμφαση στους προερχόμενους από μεταλλευτικές δραστηριότητες
Creators: name: Γαλανακη Μαριαννα
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Η επιστήμη της γεωστατιστικής ανάλυσης εφαρμόζεται σε πολλές κλάδους, όπως η περιβαλλοντική μεταλλευτική. Οι περιβαλλοντικές επιπτώσεις σε περιοχές μεταλλευτικής δραστηριότητας μπορούν να επηρεάσουν αρνητικά την ποιότητα του εδάφους και του νερού. Οι γεωστατιστικές μέθοδοι σε τέτοιες περιπτώσεις χρησιμοποιούνται για την παρακολούθηση της ρύπανσης στο περιβάλλον. Συγκεκριμένα, γίνεται εκτίμηση της χωρικής μεταβολής της συγκέντρωσης των ρυπαντικών φορτίων που μπορούν να υποβαθμίσουν τα φυσικά χαρακτηριστικά του εδάφους και των υπόγειων υδάτων, και κατά συνέπεια να περιορίσουν τη χρηστικότητα τους.
 Η εκπόνηση της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας βασίζεται στην γεωστατιστική ανάλυση της ποιότητας των υπόγειων υδάτων με έμφαση σε τέσσερα ορυχεία της περιφέρειας της Δυτικής Μακεδονίας. Συγκεκριμένα, πρόκειται για το λιγνιτωρυχείο του Αμυνταίου, το λιγνιτωρυχείο της Πτολεμαΐδας, το ορυχείο των Κομνηνών και το ορυχείο νοτιοανατολικά της λίμνης ΄Έξαρχου. Η μελέτη αυτή στοχεύει στην διερεύνηση πιθανής ρύπανσης των υπόγειων υδάτων λόγω της εξορυκτικής δραστηριότητας αυτών των ορυχείων. Ως αποτέλεσμα, μπορούν να δημιουργηθούν σοβαρά περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα λόγω της μεταλλευτικής δραστηριότητας, τα οποία χρήζουν λήψης κατάλληλων μέτρων για την διαχείριση και αποκατάσταση αυτών των προβλημάτων.
 Στόχος της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η χωρική εκτίμηση της συγκέντρωσης των χημικών στοιχείων του Μαγνησίου (Mg) και του Μαγγανίου (Mn) στα υπόγεια ύδατα της περιοχής μελέτης. Η στατιστική ανάλυση που πραγματοποιήθηκε, περιλαμβάνει τον έλεγχο κανονικότητας και τον προσδιορισμό των παραμέτρων κατανομής πιθανότητας. Συμπεριλαμβάνει, επίσης, την προσαρμογή τάσεων στα δεδομένα και ακολούθως την εκτίμηση των τιμών σε άγνωστα σημεία εντός της περιοχής μελέτης, μέσω της μεθόδου Κανονικού Kriging. Τα δεδομένα τα οποία χρησιμοποιήθηκαν, συλλέχθηκαν από την Ελληνική Αρχή Γεωλογικών και Μεταλλευτικών Ερευνών (Ε.Α.Γ.Μ.Ε.). Συγκεκριμένα, για το Μg και το Mn χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα από 113 και 115 σταθμούς παρακολούθησης των υπόγειων υδάτων αντίστοιχα.
Cosmological Exact Solutions in Some Modified Gravitational Theories
Creators: name: Bisabr, Yousef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a homogenous and isotropic cosmology, we introduce general exact solutions for some modified gravity models. In particular, we introduce exact solutions for power-law $f(R)$ gravity and Brans-Dicke theory in Einstein and Jordan conformal frames. In the Brans-Dicke case, the solutions are presented for both single and double exponential potentials in Einstein frame which correspond to power-law potentials in Jordan frame. Our analysis for extracting general exact solutions can also be generalized to those scalar-tensor theories in which the scalar field has an exponential coupling to Ricci scalar.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
VLBI Imaging of the Double Peaked Emission Line Seyfert KISSR1494
Creators: name: Kharb, Preeti
name: Das, Mousumi
name: Paragi, Zsolt
name: Subramanian, Smitha
name: Chitta, Lakshmi Pradeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here the results from dual-frequency phase-referenced VLBI observations of the Seyfert galaxy KISSR1494, which exhibits double peaked emission lines in its SDSS spectrum. We detect a single radio component at 1.6 GHz, but not at 5 GHz implying a spectral index steeper than $-1.5\pm0.5$ ($S_ν\proptoν^α$). The high brightness temperature of the radio component ($\sim1.4\times10^7$ K) and the steep radio spectrum support a non-thermal synchrotron origin. A crude estimate of the black hole mass derived from the $M_{BH}-σ_{\star}$ relation is $\sim1.4\pm1.0\times10^8$ Msun; it is accreting at an Eddington rate of $\sim0.02$. The radio data are consistent with either the radio emission coming from the parsec-scale base of a synchrotron wind originating in the magnetised corona above the accretion disk, or from the inner ionised edge of the accretion disk or torus. In the former case, the narrow line region (NLR) clouds may form a part of the broad outflow, while in the latter, the NLR clouds may form a part of an extended disk beyond the torus. The radio and NLR emission may also be decoupled so that the radio emission originates in an outflow while the NLR is in a disk, and vice versa. While with the present data, it is not possible to clearly distinguish between these scenarios, there appears to be greater circumstantial evidence supporting the coronal wind picture in KISSR1494. From the kiloparsec-scale radio emission, the time-averaged kinetic power of this outflow is estimated to be $Q\approx1.5\times10^{42}$ erg s$^{-1}$, which is typical of radio outflows in low-luminosity AGN. This supports the idea that radio "jets" and outflowing coronal winds are indistinguishable in Seyfert galaxies.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Projections of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and incident type 2 diabetes across evolving statin treatment guidelines and recommendations: A modelling study
Creators: name: Avery, C.L.
name: Keyserling, T.C.
name: Rosamond, W.D.
name: Lhachimi, S.K.
name: Safford, M.M.
name: Colantonio, L.D.
name: Muntner, P.
name: Engeda, J.C.
name: Lund, J.L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2020

description: Background Experimental and observational research has suggested the potential for increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among populations taking statins for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, few studies have directly compared statin-associated benefits and harms or examined heterogeneity by population subgroups or assumed treatment effect. Thus, we compared ASCVD risk reduction and T2D incidence increases across 3 statin treatment guidelines or recommendations among adults without a history of ASCVD or T2D who were eligible for statin treatment initiation. Methods and findings Simulations were conducted using Markov models that integrated data from contemporary population-based studies of non-Hispanic African American and white adults aged 40–75 years with published meta-analyses. Statin treatment eligibility was determined by predicted 10-year ASCVD risk (5%, 7.5%, or 10%). We calculated the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one ASCVD event and the number needed to harm (NNH) to incur one incident case of T2D. The likelihood to be helped or harmed (LHH) was calculated as ratio of NNH to NNT. Heterogeneity in statin-associated benefit was examined by sex, age, and statin-associated T2D relative risk (RR) (range: 1.11–1.55). A total of 61,125,042 U.S. adults (58.5% female; 89.4% white; mean age = 54.7 years) composed our primary prevention population, among whom 13–28 million adults were eligible for statin initiation. Overall, the number of ASCVD events prevented was at least twice as large as the number of incident cases of T2D incurred (LHH range: 2.26–2.90). However, the number of T2D cases incurred surpassed the number of ASCVD events prevented when higher statin-associated T2D RRs were assumed (LHH range: 0.72–0.94). In addition, females (LHH range: 1.74–2.40) and adults aged 40–50 years (LHH range: 1.00–1.14) received lower absolute benefits of statin treatment compared with males (LHH range: 2.55–3.00) and adults aged 70–75 years (LHH range: 3.95–3.96). Projected differences in LHH by age and sex became more pronounced as statin-associated T2D RR increased, with a majority of scenarios projecting LHHs < 1 for females and adults aged 40–50 years. This study’s primary limitation was uncertainty in estimates of statin-associated T2D risk, highlighting areas in which additional clinical and public health research is needed.
Violation of lepton flavour universality in composite Higgs models
Creators: name: Niehoff, Christoph
name: Stangl, Peter
name: Straub, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate whether the $2.6σ$ deviation from lepton flavour universality in $B^+\to K^+\ell^+\ell^-$ decays recently observed at the LHCb experiment can be explained in minimal composite Higgs models. We show that a visible departure from universality is indeed possible if left-handed muons have a sizable degree of compositeness. Constraints from $Z$-pole observables are avoided by a custodial protection of the muon coupling. The deficit in the invisible $Z$ width at LEP is explained in the same region of parameters.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. v4: discussion of invisible Z width added
Associations of sodium and potassium consumption with the gut microbiota and host metabolites in a population-based study in Chinese adults
Creators: name: Sun, S.
name: Howard, A.G.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Su, C.
name: Tsilimigras, M.C.B.
name: Fodor, A.A.
name: Sha, W.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Meyer, K.A.
name: Wang, H.
name: Wang, Y.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Background: There is increasing evidence that sodium consumption alters the gut microbiota and host metabolome in murine models and small studies in humans. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that capture large variations in sodium consumption as well as potassium consumption. Objective: We examined the associations of energy-adjusted dietary sodium (milligrams/kilocalorie), potassium, and sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio with the microbiota and plasma metabolome in a well-characterized Chinese cohort with habitual excessive sodium and deficient potassium consumption. Methods: We estimated dietary intakes from 3 consecutive validated 24-h recalls and household inventories. In 2833 adults (18-80 y old, 51.2% females), we analyzed microbial (genus-level 16S ribosomal RNA) between-person diversity, using distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA), and within-person diversity and taxa abundance using linear regression, accounting for geographic variation in both. In a subsample (n = 392), we analyzed the overall metabolome (dbRDA) and individual metabolites (linear regression). P values for specific taxa and metabolites were false discovery rate adjusted (q-value). Results: Sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio were associated with microbial between-person diversity (dbRDA P < 0.01) and several specific taxa with large geographic variation, including pathogenic Staphylococcus and Moraxellaceae, and SCFA-producing Phascolarctobacterium and Lachnospiraceae (q-value < 0.05). For example, sodium and Na/K ratio were positively associated with Staphylococcus and Moraxellaceae in Liaoning, whereas potassium was positively associated with 2 genera from Lachnospiraceae in Shanghai. Additionally, sodium, potassium, and Na/K ratio were associated with the overall metabolome (dbRDA P ≤ 0.01) and several individual metabolites, including butyrate/isobutyrate and gut-derived phenolics such as 1,2,3-benzenetriol sulfate, which was negatively associated with sodium in Guizhou (q-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sodium and potassium consumption is associated with taxa and metabolites that have been implicated in cardiometabolic health, providing insights into the potential roles of gut microbiota and host metabolites in the pathogenesis of sodium- and potassium-associated diseases. More studies are needed to confirm our results.
Conversion of recoilless gamma-radiation into a periodic sequence of ultrashort pulses in a set of dispersive and absorptive resonant media
Creators: name: Radeonychev, Y. V.
name: Antonov, V. A.
name: Vagizov, F. G.
name: Shakhmuratov, R. N.
name: Kocharovskaya, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient technique to produce a periodic sequence of ultrashort pulses of recoilless gamma-radiation via its transmission through the optically thick vibrating resonant absorber was demonstrated recently [Nature, 508, 80 (2014)]. In this work we extend the theoretical analysis to the case of a set of multiple absorbers. We consider an analytical model describing the control of spectral content of a frequency modulated gamma-radiation by selective correction of amplitudes and initial phases of some spectral components, using, respectively, the resonant absorption or dispersion of nuclei. On the basis of the analytical solutions we determine the ultimate possibilities of the proposed technique.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Designing Networks: A Mixed-Integer Linear Optimization Approach
Creators: name: Gounaris, Chrysanthos E.
name: Rajendran, Karthikeyan
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
name: Floudas, Christodoulos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Designing networks with specified collective properties is useful in a variety of application areas, enabling the study of how given properties affect the behavior of network models, the downscaling of empirical networks to workable sizes, and the analysis of network evolution. Despite the importance of the task, there currently exists a gap in our ability to systematically generate networks that adhere to theoretical guarantees for the given property specifications. In this paper, we propose the use of Mixed-Integer Linear Optimization modeling and solution methodologies to address this Network Generation Problem. We present a number of useful modeling techniques and apply them to mathematically express and constrain network properties in the context of an optimization formulation. We then develop complete formulations for the generation of networks that attain specified levels of connectivity, spread, assortativity and robustness, and we illustrate these via a number of computational case studies.
Testing the cooling flow model in the intermediate polar EX Hydrae
Creators: name: Luna, G. J. M.
name: Raymond, J. C.
name: Brickhouse, N. S.
name: Mauche, C. W.
name: Suleimanov, V.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the best available X-ray data from the intermediate polar EX Hydrae to study the cooling-flow model often applied to interpret the X-ray spectra of these accreting magnetic white dwarf binaries. First, we resolve a long-standing discrepancy between the X-ray and optical determinations of the mass of the white dwarf in EX Hya by applying new models of the inner disk truncation radius. Our fits to the X-ray spectrum now agree with the white dwarf mass of 0.79 M$_{\odot}$sun determined using dynamical methods through spectroscopic observations of the secondary. We use a simple isobaric cooling flow model to derive the emission line fluxes, emission measure distribution, and H-like to He-like line ratios for comparison with the 496 ks Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating observation of EX Hydrae. We find that the H/He ratios are not well reproduced by this simple isobaric cooling flow model and show that while H-like line fluxes can be accurately predicted, fluxes of lower-Z He-like lines are significantly underestimated. This discrepancy suggests that some extra heating mechanism plays an important role at the base of the accretion column, where cooler ions form. We thus explored more complex cooling models including the change of gravitational potential with height in the accretion column and a magnetic dipole geometry. None of these modifications to the standard cooling flow model are able to reproduce the observed line ratios. While a cooling flow model with subsolar (0.1 $\odot$) abundances is able to reproduce the line ratios by reducing the cooling rate at temperatures lower than $\sim 10^{7.3}$ K, the predicted line-to-continuum ratios are much lower than observed. We discuss and discard mechanisms such as photoionization, departures from constant pressure, resonant scattering, different electron-ion temperatures, and Compton cooling. [Abridged]
description: Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics, modified version after referee comments and proof corrections
Genome-wide meta-analysis of SNP-by9-ACEI/ARB and SNP-by-thiazide diuretic and effect on serum potassium in cohorts of European and African ancestry
Creators: name: Irvin, M.R.
name: Stewart, J.
name: Sitlani, C.M.
name: Arnett, D.K.
name: Mook-Kanamori, D.O.
name: Whitsel, E.A.
name: Floyd, J.S.
name: Limdi, N.A.
name: Psaty, B.M.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: Lipovich, L.
name: Wiggins, K.L.
name: Zhi, D.
name: Srinivasasainagendra, V.
name: Bartz, T.M.
name: Noordam, R.
name: Uitterlinden, A.G.
name: Stricker, B.H.
name: Kleinbrink, E.L.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Li, J.
name: Smith, A.
name: Lange, L.A.
name: Wilson, J.G.
name: Bis, J.C.
name: de Mutsert, R.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: We evaluated interactions of SNP-by-ACE-I/ARB and SNP-by-TD on serum potassium (K+) among users of antihypertensive treatments (anti-HTN). Our study included seven European-ancestry (EA) (N = 4835) and four African-ancestry (AA) cohorts (N = 2016). We performed race-stratified, fixed-effect, inverse-variance-weighted meta-analyses of 2.5 million SNP-by-drug interaction estimates; race-combined meta-analysis; and trans-ethnic fine-mapping. Among EAs, we identified 11 significant SNPs (P < 5 × 10 −8 ) for SNP-ACE-I/ARB interactions on serum K+ that were located between NR2F1-AS1 and ARRDC3-AS1 on chromosome 5 (top SNP rs6878413 P = 1.7 × 10 −8 ; ratio of serum K+ in ACE-I/ARB exposed compared to unexposed is 1.0476, 1.0280, 1.0088 for the TT, AT, and AA genotypes, respectively). Trans-ethnic fine mapping identified the same group of SNPs on chromosome 5 as genome-wide significant for the ACE-I/ARB analysis. In conclusion, SNP-by-ACE-I /ARB interaction analyses uncovered loci that, if replicated, could have future implications for the prevention of arrhythmias due to anti-HTN treatment-related hyperkalemia. Before these loci can be identified as clinically relevant, future validation studies of equal or greater size in comparison to our discovery effort are needed.
Birth Locations of the Kepler Circumbinary Planets
Creators: name: Silsbee, Kedron
name: Rafikov, Roman R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kepler mission has discovered about a dozen circumbinary planetary systems, all containing planets on ~ 1 AU orbits. We place bounds on the locations in the circumbinary protoplanetary disk, where these planets could have formed through collisional agglomeration starting from small (km-sized or less) planetesimals. We first present a model of secular planetesimal dynamics that accounts for the (1) perturbation due to the eccentric precessing binary, as well as the (2) gravity and (3) gas drag from a precessing eccentric disk. Their simultaneous action leads to rich dynamics, with (multiple) secular resonances emerging in the disk. We derive analytic results for size-dependent planetesimal eccentricity, and demonstrate the key role of the disk gravity for circumbinary dynamics. We then combine these results with a simple model for collisional outcomes and find that in systems like Kepler 16, planetesimal growth starting with 10-100 m planetesimals is possible outside a few AU. The exact location exterior to which this happens is sensitive to disk eccentricity, density and precession rate, as well as to the size of the first generation of planetesimals. Strong perturbations from the binary in the inner part of the disk, combined with a secular resonance at a few AU inhibit the growth of km-sized planetesimals within 2 - 4 AU of the binary. In situ planetesimal growth in the Kepler circumbinary systems is possible only starting from large (few-km-sized) bodies in a low-mass disk with surface density less than 500 g/cm^2 at 1 AU.
description: Submitted to ApJ
A rare example of monoanionic coordination of thiourea ligands to chromium: synthesis and structure
Creators: name: Noor, Awal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: First example of thioureato ligands with chromium(II) has been isolated and is reported here. The reaction of two equivalents of the in situ generated lithium salt of the bulky 1,3-bis(2,6-diethylphenyl)thiourea ligand (L) with [CrCl2] in tetrahydrofuran and subsequent crystallization from hexane led to the formation of the corresponding CrL2 complex. Single crystal X-ray analysis shows a centrosymmetric Cr complex with a square planar geometry in which the crystal packing of the complex is stabilized by C–H⋅⋅⋅H and C–H⋅⋅⋅S interactions. The strongest contributions (6.2%) due to S⋯H/H⋯S interactions have been further confirmed by Hirshfeld analysis that appear as dark red spots in the finger plots. The title compound, [C42H54CrN4S2], crystallized in the triclinic space group, P-1 with cell parameters: a = 9.3310(19) b = 10.987(2) c = 11.061(2) Å, α = 97.36(3) β = 107.26(3) γ = 108.88(3)°, V = 992.6(4) A3, Z = 1.
Supplementary Material from Individual variability and versatility in an eco-evolutionary model of avian migration
Creators: name: Delmore, Kira E.
name: Doren, Benjamin M. Van
name: Conway, Greg J.
name: Curk, Teja
name: Garrido-Garduño, Tania
name: Germain, Ryan R.
name: Hasselmann, Timo
name: Hiemer, Dieter
name: Jeugd, Henk P. Van Der
name: Justen, Hannah
name: Ramos, Juan Sebastian Lugo
name: Maggini, Ivan
name: Meyer, Britta S.
name: Phillips, Robbie J.
name: Remisiewicz, Magdalena
name: Roberts, Graham C. M.
name: Sheldon, Ben C.
name: Vogl, Wolfgang
name: Liedvogel, Miriam
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional analyses, tables and figures
Skew-selfadjoint Dirac systems with rational rectangular Weyl functions: explicit solutions of direct and inverse problems and integrable wave equations
Creators: name: Fritzsche, B.
name: Kaashoek, M. A.
name: Kirstein, B.
name: Sakhnovich, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34B20, 35Q55, 37K10, 39A06, 93B28

description: In this paper we study direct and inverse problems for discrete and continuous time skew-selfadjoint Dirac systems with rectangular (possibly non-square) pseudo-exponential potentials. For such a system the Weyl function is a strictly proper rational rectangular matrix function and any strictly proper rational matrix function appears in this way. In fact, extending earlier results, given a strictly proper rational matrix function we present an explicit procedure to recover the corresponding potential using techniques from mathematical system and control theory. We also introduce and study a nonlinear generalized discrete Heisenberg magnet model, extending earlier results for the isotropic case. A large part of the paper is devoted to the related discrete time systems of which the pseudo-exponential potential depends on an additional continuous time parameter. Our techniques allows us to obtain explicit solutions for the generalized discrete Heisenberg magnet model and evolution of the Weyl functions.
A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study reveals potential pleiotropy in African Americans
Creators: name: Bradford, Y.
name: Heiss, G.
name: Wilkens, L.R.
name: North, K.E.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Matise, T.C.s
name: Pendergrass, S.A.
name: Hindorff, L.A.
name: Kooperberg, C.
name: Monroe, K.R.
name: Park, S.L.
name: Hsu, C.-N.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Crawford, D.C.
name: Ambite, J.-L.
name: Buyske, S.
name: Reiner, A.
name: Fesinmeyer, M.D.
name: Haiman, C.
name: Ritchie, M.D.
name: Moreland, L.
name: Buzkova, P.
name: Jeff, J.M.
name: Frase, A.
name: Dudek, S.
name: Deelman, E.
name: Wallace, R.
name: Marchand, L.L.
name: Jackson, R.D.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2019

description: We performed a hypothesis-generating phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to identify and characterize cross-phenotype associations, where one SNP is associated with two or more phenotypes, between thousands of genetic variants assayed on the Metabochip and hundreds of phenotypes in 5,897 African Americans as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) I study. The PAGE I study was a National Human Genome Research Institute-funded collaboration of four study sites accessing diverse epidemiologic studies genotyped on the Metabochip, a custom genotyping chip that has dense coverage of regions in the genome previously associated with cardio- metabolic traits and outcomes in mostly European-descent populations. Here we focus on identifying novel phenome-genome relationships, where SNPs are associated with more than one phenotype. To do this, we performed a PheWAS, testing each SNP on the Metabochip for an association with up to 273 phenotypes in the participating PAGE I study sites. We identified 133 putative pleiotropic variants, defined as SNPs associated at an empirically derived p-value threshold of p<0.01 in two or more PAGE study sites for two or more phenotype classes. We further annotated these PheWAS-identified variants using publicly available functional data and local genetic ancestry. Amongst our novel findings is SPARC rs4958487, associated with increased glucose levels and hypertension. SPARC has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and is also known to have a potential role in fibrosis, a common consequence of multiple conditions including hypertension. The SPARC example and others highlight the potential that PheWAS approaches have in improving our understanding of complex disease architecture by identifying novel relationships between genetic variants and an array of common human phenotypes.
Gamma-ray burst engines may have no memory
Creators: name: Baldeschi, A.
name: Guidorzi, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sizeable fraction of gamma-ray burst (GRB) time profiles consist of a temporal sequence of pulses. The nature of this stochastic process carries information on how GRB inner engines work. The so-called interpulse time defines the interval between adjacent pulses, excluding the long quiescence periods during which the signal drops to the background level. It was found by many authors in the past that interpulse times are lognormally distributed, at variance with the exponential case that is expected for a memoryless process. We investigated whether the simple hypothesis of a temporally uncorrelated sequence of pulses is really to be rejected, as a lognormal distribution necessarily implies. We selected and analysed a number of multi--peaked CGRO/BATSE GRBs and simulated similar time profiles, with the crucial difference that we assumed exponentially distributed interpulse times, as is expected for a memoryless stationary Poisson process. We then identified peaks in both data sets using a novel peak search algorithm, which is more efficient than others used in the past. We independently confirmed that the observed interpulse time distribution is approximately lognormal. However, we found the same results on the simulated profiles, in spite of the intrinsic exponential distribution. Although intrinsic lognormality cannot be ruled out, this shows that intrinsic interpulse time distribution in real data could still be exponential, while the observed lognormal could be ascribed to the low efficiency of peak search algorithms at short values combined with the limitations of a bin-integrated profile. Our result suggests that GRB engines may emit pulses after the fashion of nuclear radioactive decay, that is, as a memoryless process.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&A
Harvesting entropy and quantifying the transition from noise to chaos in a photon-counting feedback loop
Creators: name: Hagerstrom, Aaron M.
name: Murphy, Thomas E.
name: Roy, Rajarshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some physical processes, including the intensity fluctuations of a chaotic laser, the detection of single photons, and the Brownian motion of a microscopic particle in a fluid are unpredictable, at least on long timescales. This unpredictability can be due to a variety of physical mechanisms, but it is quantified by an entropy rate. This rate describes how quickly a system produces new and random information, is fundamentally important in statistical mechanics and practically important for random number generation. We experimentally study entropy generation and the emergence of deterministic chaotic dynamics from discrete noise in a system that applies feedback to a weak optical signal at the single-photon level. We show that the dynamics qualitatively change from shot noise to chaos as the photon rate increases, and that the entropy rate can reflect either the deterministic or noisy aspects of the system depending on the sampling rate and resolution.
description: URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/112/30/9258.abstract
Genome-Wide Association Study of Apparent Treatment-Resistant Hypertension in the CHARGE Consortium: The CHARGE Pharmacogenetics Working Group
Creators: name: Correa, A.
name: Whitsel, E.A.
name: Warren, H.R.
name: Limdi, N.
name: Palmas, W.
name: Irvin, M.R.
name: Xu, H.
name: Cupples, A.L.
name: Tanner, R.M.
name: Trompet, S.
name: Li, X.
name: Stewart, J.
name: Sun, F.
name: Smith, A.
name: Avery, C.L.
name: Launer, L.J.
name: Giri, A.
name: Wouter Jukema, J.
name: Floyd, J.S.
name: Guo, X.
name: Sturmer, T.
name: Ahluwalia, T.S.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: Zilhão, N.R.
name: Wiggins, K.L.
name: Mook-Kanamori, D.O.
name: Sundaresan, A.
name: O'Donnell, C.
name: Lange, L.
name: Yao, J.
name: Raffield, L.
name: Rossing, P.
name: Arnett, D.K.
name: Noordam, R.
name: Hung, A.M.
name: Gudnason, V.
name: Stott, D.J.
name: Hellwege, J.N.
name: Sitlani, C.M.
name: Bis, J.C.
name: Psaty, B.M.
name: Liu, C.-T.
name: Ford, I.
name: Edwards, T.L.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: BACKGROUND: Only a handful of genetic discovery efforts in apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) have been described. METHODS: We conducted a case-control genome-wide association study of aTRH among persons treated for hypertension, using data from 10 cohorts of European ancestry (EA) and 5 cohorts of African ancestry (AA). Cases were treated with 3 different antihypertensive medication classes and had blood pressure (BP) above goal (systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg) or 4 or more medication classes regardless of BP control (nEA = 931, nAA = 228). Both a normotensive control group and a treatment-responsive control group were considered in separate analyses. Normotensive controls were untreated (nEA = 14,210, nAA = 2,480) and had systolic BP/diastolic BP < 140/90 mm Hg. Treatment-responsive controls (nEA = 5,266, nAA = 1,817) had BP at goal (<140/90 mm Hg), while treated with one antihypertensive medication class. Individual cohorts used logistic regression with adjustment for age, sex, study site, and principal components for ancestry to examine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms with case-control status. Inverse variance-weighted fixed-effects meta-analyses were carried out using METAL. RESULTS: The known hypertension locus, CASZ1, was a top finding among EAs (P = 1.1 × 10-8) and in the race-combined analysis (P = 1.5 × 10-9) using the normotensive control group (rs12046278, odds ratio = 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.6-0.8)). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in this locus were robustly replicated in the Million Veterans Program (MVP) study in consideration of a treatment-responsive control group. There were no statistically significant findings for the discovery analyses including treatment-responsive controls. CONCLUSION: This genomic discovery effort for aTRH identified CASZ1 as an aTRH risk locus.
R code for: Surveying lncRNA-lncRNA cooperations reveals dominant effect on tumor immunity cross cancers
Creators: name: Shao, Tingting
name: Xie, Yunjin
name: Shi, Jingyi
name: Yang, Changbo
name: Zou, Haozhe
name: Li, Yongsheng
name: Xu, Juan
name: Li, Xia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The codes used to analyze lncRNA cooperative regulations in the manuscript 'Surveying lncRNA-lncRNA cooperations reveals dominant effect on tumor immunity cross cancers' are uploaded.
Social media in scholarly communication
Creators: name: Haustein, Stefanie
name: Sugimoto, Cassidy R.
name: Larivière, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media metrics - commonly coined as "altmetrics" - have been heralded as great democratizers of science, providing broader and timelier indicators of impact than citations. These metrics come from a range of sources, including Twitter, blogs, social reference managers, post-publication peer review, and other social media platforms. Social media metrics have begun to be used as indicators of scientific impact, yet the theoretical foundation, empirical validity, and extent of use of platforms underlying these metrics lack thorough treatment in the literature. This editorial provides an overview of terminology and definitions of altmetrics and summarizes current research regarding social media use in academia, social media metrics as well as data reliability and validity. The papers of the special issue are introduced.
description: Guest Editorial to the special issue "Social Media Metrics in Scholarly Communication: Exploring Tweets, Blogs, Likes and other Altmetrics" in Aslib Journal of Information Management 67(3)
The Balance Sheet of the Farming Sector, 1970
Creators: name: Evans, Carson D.
name: Reinsel, Robert D.
name: Smith, Alan G.
name: Warren, Forest G.
name: Evans, Carson D.
name: Reinsel, Robert D.
name: Smith, Alan G.
name: Warren, Forest G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Production Economics
subject: Balance sheet of farming sector
subject: farm asset value
subject: farm debt
subject: farm proprietors' equities
subject: farm production assets

description: Farm assets totaled $311.4 billion on January 1, 1970, while farm debt outstanding reached $58.1 billion leaving farm proprietors' equities of $253.3 billion. The ratio of farm debt to value of assets was 18.7 percent, up 0.4 point from a year earlier. Advances in the value of farm real estate made up half of 1969's $12.3 billion gain in farm asset value. Higher values for livestock and poultry mainly accounted for the rest of asset growth. Farm non-real estate debt grew $2.2 billion during 1969 compared with $1.3 billion for farm real estate debt, the latter figure indicating farmers’ reluctance to enter long-term loan contracts at the high interest rates prevailing last year. Regionally, the Corn Belt had the highest value of farm assets but farm debt was also highest there. As a group, farmers who had gross sales of $20,000 to $39,999 during 1969 owned the largest share of farm assets and owed the largest proportion of farm debt.