Neosatyrus Wallengren 1858
Creators: name: Matz, Jess
name: Brower, Andrew V. Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Neosatyrus

description: Neosatyrus Wallengren, 1858
Type species: N. ambiorix Wallengren, 1858
= Homoeonympha C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867 syn. nov. Type species: Stygnus pusilla C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867
= Stygnus C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867, preoccupied (Perty, 1833; Opiliones) Type species: Stygnus humilis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867
= Stygnolepis Strand, 1942 replacement name
= Erebina Bryk, 1944
Type species Erebina simplex Bryk, 1944
Diagnosis. The species contained herein are often confused with one another and are all plain on the dorsal side with trapezoidal to rectangular hindwings with a straight anal margin and having the termens entire, spatulate antennae, and ocelli that are usually small and yellow or white in each cell between Rs and CuA2. Apical ocellus between M1-M3 on the ventral side of the hindwing is bipupillate and ringed in yellow. Androconia are present in N. ambiorix males but absent in N. humilis, N. boisduvalii, and N. schajovskoii. The distal end of the discal cell is in a wide V shape in all but N. schajovskoii, which is shallowly sinuous. Eyes are naked and the terminal palpal segment may be short and conical or oval as in N. boisduvalii and N. schajovskoii or cylindrical and longer as in N. ambiorix and N. humilis. Males may have one to three foreleg tarsal segments and females of N. ambiorix and N. humilis have four segments in the tarsus. Foreleg tarsal segmentation in the females of N. boisduvalii and N. schajovskoii is unknown. All males have an aedeagus that is hourglass-shaped at the distal end and that of N. boisduvalii and N. schajovskoii bear lateral serrations or dentate projections. Valvae are trapezoidal to triangular at the proximal end and uncus is widest at the base except for in N. schajovskoii, where it is slightly narrower where it joins the tegumen.
Remarks. Original descriptions for this genus and Homoeonympha, which is combined with Neosatyrus here, are very poor and include only a few characters. All are distributed between Valparaíso and northern Los Lagos provinces, Chile.
Specimens of N. vesagus (Doubleday, [1849]) (Erebia) (= N. ochreivittatus Butler, 1881; = N. violaceus Butler, 1881) (Fig. 8 F; 27) were unavailable for detailed study, but are very like boisduvalii in wing patterning and shape of the hindwing, however without the VHW ocelli. We tentatively include this taxon in our circumscription of Neosatyrus. Although we likewise did not have material of Neomaniola euripides (Weymer, 1890) (Pseudomaniola) to examine firsthand, photographs of the lectotype and illustrations in Pyrcz (2012), suggest that this species belongs in Neosatyrus, as well. Weymer (1890) described both euripides and eleates in his Pseudomaniola (a junior homomym of Pseudomaniola Röber 1889)), and Pyrcz (2012) included both in his circumscription of Faunula, which we have shown to be polyphyletic. The rounded shape of the hindwing (Fig. 3 E, F; 27) suggests placement in Neosatyrus, but further evidence is necessary to determine whether these taxa truly belong in Neosatyrus, Tetraphlebia, or another genus.
description: Published as part of Matz, Jess & Brower, Andrew V. Z., 2016, The South Temperate Pronophilina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae): a phylogenetic hypothesis, redescriptions and revisionary notes, pp. 1-108 in Zootaxa 4125 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4125.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271704