cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statistical properties of the radiation from VUV FEL at DESY operating at 30 nm wavelength in the femtosecond regime
Creators: name: Saldin, E. L.
name: Schneidmiller, E. A.
name: Yurkov, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since spring, 2005 vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser (VUV FEL) at DESY operates as user facility in the wavelength range around 30 nm. Electron beam formation system at the VUV FEL is essentially nonlinear and naturally results in a formation of a short high-current leading peak in the density distribution that produces FEL radiation. The main feature of the femtosecond mode of operation of the VUV FEL is the production of short, down to 20 fs radiation pulses with GW-level peak power. This paper is devoted to detailed studies of the short-pulse effects in the VUV FEL at DESY operating in the femtosecond regime, and to analysis of first experimental results.
description: 24 pages, 20 figures
Constraints on the ionizing flux emitted by T Tauri stars
Creators: name: Alexander, R. D.
name: Clarke, C. J.
name: Pringle, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of an analysis of ultraviolet observations of T Tauri Stars (TTS). By analysing emission measures taken from the literature we derive rates of ionizing photons from the chromospheres of 5 classical TTS in the range ~10^41-10^44 photons/s, although these values are subject to large uncertainties. We propose that the HeII/CIV line ratio can be used as a reddening-independent indicator of the hardness of the ultraviolet spectrum emitted by TTS. By studying this line ratio in a much larger sample of objects we find evidence for an ionizing flux which does not decrease, and may even increase, as TTS evolve. This implies that a significant fraction of the ionizing flux from TTS is not powered by the accretion of disc material onto the central object, and we discuss the significance of this result and its implications for models of disc evolution. The presence of a significant ionizing flux in the later stages of circumstellar disc evolution provides an important new constraint on disc photoevaporation models.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A variational formulation for motion design of adaptive compliant structures
Creators: name: Sachse, Renate
name: Bischoff, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adaptive structures are characterized by their ability to adjust their geometrical and other properties to changing loads or requirements during service. This contribution deals with a method for the design of quasi-static motions of structures between two prescribed geometrical configurations that are optimal with regard to a specified quality function while taking large deformations into account. It is based on a variational formulation and the solution by two finite element discretizations, the spatial discretization (the standard finite element mesh) and an additional discretization of the deformation path or trajectory. For the investigations, an exemplary objective function, the minimization of the internal energy, integrated along the deformation path, is used. The method for motion design presented herein uses the Newton-Raphson method as a second order optimization algorithm and allows for analytical sensitivity analysis. The proposed method is verified and its properties are investigated by benchmark examples including rigid body motions, instability phenomena and determination of inextensible deformations of shells.
description: Submitted to International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering (IJNME)
Electrostatics of straight and bent nanotubes
Creators: name: Mishchenko, E. G.
name: Raikh, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Response of a single-walled carbon nanotube to external electric field, F, is calculated analytically within the classical electrostatics. Field-induced charge density distribution is approximately linear along the axis of metallic nanotube and depends rather weakly, as ln(h/r), on the nanotube length, h, (here r is the nanotube radius). In a semiconducting nanotube with a gap, E_g, charge separation occurs as F exceeds the threshold value F_{th}=E_g/eh. For F>F_{th}, positively and negatively charged regions at the ends of nanotube are separated by a neutral strip in the middle. For bent nanotubes the number of neutral strips can be one or two depending on the direction of F.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; final version, minor changes
Dynamic Behaviors of Mix-game Model and Its Applications
Creators: name: Gou, Chengling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper proposes a modification to Minority Game (MG) by adding some agents who play majority game into MG. So it is referred to as mix-game. The highlight of this model is that the two groups of agents in mix-game have different bounded abilities to deal with history information and to count their own performance. Through simulations, this paper finds out that the local volatilities change a lot by adding some agents who play majority game into MG, and the change of local volatilities largely depends on different combinations of history memories of the two groups. Furthermore this paper analyses the underlying mechanisms for this finding. It also gives an example of applications of mix-game.
description: 22 pages, 11 figure, 1 table,revised version
Genuine Parrondo's paradox in quantum walks with time-dependent coin operators
Creators: name: Pires, Marcelo A.
name: Queirós, Sílvio M. Duarte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a genuine Parrondo paradox can emerge in two-state quantum walks without resorting to experimentally intricate high-dimensional coins. To achieve such goal we employ a time-dependent coin operator without breaking the translation spatial invariance of the system.
Significant Contribution of Projectile Excited States to the Stopping of Slow Helium Ions in Hydrogen Plasma
Creators: name: Zhao, Y. T.
name: Zhang, Y. N.
name: Cheng, R.
name: He, B.
name: Liu, C. L.
name: Zhou, X. M.
name: Lei, Y.
name: Wang, Y. Y.
name: Ren, J. R.
name: Wang, X.
name: Chen, Y. H.
name: Xiao, G. Q.
name: Savin, S. M.
name: Gavrilin, R.
name: Golubev, A. A.
name: Hoffmann, D. H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy deposition and the atomic processes, such as the electron-capture, ionization, excitation and radiative-decays for slow heavy ions in plasma remains an unsolved fundamental problem. Here we investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, the stopping of 100 keV=u helium ions in a well-defined hydrogen plasma. Our precise measurements show a much higher energy loss than the predictions of the semi-classical approaches with the commonly used effective charge. By solving the Time Dependent Rate Equation (TDRE) with all the main projectile states and for all relevant atomic processes, our calculations are in remarkable agreement with the experimental data. We also demonstrated that, acting as a bridge for electron-capture and ionization, the projectile excited states and their radiative decays can remarkably influence the equilibrium charge states and consequently lead to a substantial increasing of the stopping of ions in plasma.
Four Quark Interpretation of Y(4260)
Creators: name: Maiani, L.
name: Piccinini, F.
name: Polosa, A. D.
name: Riquer, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the Y(4260) particle recently announced by BaBar is the first orbital excitation of a diquark-antidiquark state ([cs][cbar sbar]). Using parameters recently determined to describe the X(3872) and X(3940) we show that the Y mass is compatible with the orbital excitation picture. A crucial prediction is that Y(4260) should decay predominantly in D_s D_sbar. The Y(4260) should also be seen in B non-leptonic decays in association with one kaon. We consider the full nonet of related four-quark states and their predicted properties. Finally, we comment on a possible narrow resonance in the same channel.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, RevTex, Revised discussion of the Y mass
Hyper-massive Black Holes have Faint Broad and Narrow Emission Lines
Creators: name: Bhat, Harshitha K.
name: Chakravorty, Susmita
name: Sengupta, Dhrubojyoti
name: Elvis, Martin
name: Datta, Sudeb Ranjan
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Bertemes, Caroline
name: Ferland, Gary
name: Ezhikode, Savithri H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The EUV provides most of the ionization that creates the high equivalent width (EW) broad and narrow emission lines (BELs, NELs) of quasars. Spectra of Hypermassive Schwarzschild black holes (HMBHs, $M_{BH} \geq 10^{10} M_{\odot}$) with $α$-discs, decline rapidly in the EUV suggesting much lower EWs. Model spectra for black holes of mass $10^{6}-10^{12} M_{\odot}$ and accretion rates $0.03 \leq L_{bol}/L_{edd} \leq 1.0$ were input to the CLOUDY photoionization code. BELs become $\sim$100 times weaker in EW from $M_{BH} \sim 10^8 M_{\odot}$ to $M_{BH} \sim 10^{10} M_{\odot}$. The high ionization BELs (O VI 1034 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$, C IV 1549 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$, He II 1640 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$) decline in EW from ($M_{BH} \geq 10^6 M_{\odot}$, reproducing the Baldwin effect, but regain EW for $M_{BH} \geq 10^{10} M_{\odot}$). The low ionization lines (MgII 2798 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$, H$β$ 4861 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$ and H$α$ 6563 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$) remain weak. Lines for maximally spinning HMBHs behave similarly. Line ratio diagrams for the BELs show that high OVI/H$β$ and low CIV/H$α$ may pick out HMBH, although OVI is often hard to observe. In NEL BPT diagrams HMBHs lie among star-forming regions, except for highly spinning, high accretion rate HMBHs. In summary, the BELs expected from HMBHs would be hard to detect using the current optical facilities. From 100 to $10^{12} M_{\odot}$, the emission lines used to detect AGN only have high EW in the $10^6 - 10^9 M_{\odot}$ window, where most AGN are found. This selection effect may be distorting reported distributions of $M_{BH}$.
description: 20 pages, 26 figures, to be published in MNRAS
Soft Dipole Modes in Neutron-rich Ni-isotopes in QRRPA
Creators: name: Cao, Li-Gang
name: Ma, Zhong-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The soft dipole modes in neutron rich even-even Ni-isotopes are investigated in the quasiparticle relativistic random phase approximation. We study the evolution of strengths distribution, centroid energies of dipole excitation in low-lying and normal GDR regions with the increase of the neutron excess. It is found in the present study that the centroid energies of the soft dipole strengths strongly depend on the thickness of neutron skin along with the neutron rich even-even Ni-isotopes.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the massive Landau gauge: realistic running coupling
Creators: name: Peláez, Marcela
name: Reinosa, Urko
name: Serreau, Julien
name: Tissier, Matthieu
name: Wschebor, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD by means of a recently proposed approximation scheme in the Landau-gauge Curci-Ferrari model, which combines an expansion in the Yang-Mills coupling and in the inverse number of colors, without expanding in the quark-gluon coupling. The expansion allows for a consistent treatment of ultraviolet tails via renormalization group techniques. At leading order, it leads to the resummation of rainbow diagrams for the quark propagator, with, however, a trivial running of both the gluon mass and the quark-gluon coupling. In a previous work, by using a simple model for a more realistic running of these parameters, we could reproduce the known phenomenology of chiral symmetry breaking, including a satisfactory description of the lattice data for the quark mass function. Here, we get rid of this model-dependence by taking our approximation scheme to next-to-leading order. This allows us to consistently include the realistic running of the parameters and to access the unquenched gluon and ghost propagators to first nontrivial order, which we can compare to available lattice data for an even more stringent test of our approach. In particular, our results for the various two-point functions compare well with lattice data while the parameters of the model are strongly constrained.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND COMPETITIVENESS IN AGRI-FOOD PROCESSING IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Martin, Larry J.
name: Stiefelmeyer, Kate
name: Martin, Larry J.
name: Stiefelmeyer, Kate
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: This study starts with three objectives: a. to revisit and revise, if necessary, the definition of competitiveness and characterize the factors that affect relative competitiveness. b. To apply the definition of competitiveness empirically by measuring labour productivity, as well as value-added for industries in the agri-food sector in Canada and the US. c. To assess and describe changes in agri-food sector competitiveness over time
Microscopic analysis of K^+-nucleus elastic scattering based on K^+N phase shifts
Creators: name: Arellano, H. F.
name: von Geramb, H. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate $K^{+}$-nucleus elastic scattering at intermediate energies within a microscopic optical model approach. To this effect we use the current $K^{+}$-nucleon {\it (KN)} phase shifts from the Center for Nuclear Studies of the George Washington University as primary input. First, the {\it KN} phase shifts are used to generate Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko real and local inversion potentials. Secondly, these potentials are supplemented with a short range complex separable term in such a way that the corresponding unitary and non-unitary {\it KN} $S$ matrices are exactly reproduced. These {\it KN} potentials allow to calculate all needed on- and off-shell contributions of the $t$ matrix,the driving effective interaction in the full-folding $K^{+}$-nucleus optical model potentials reported here. Elastic scattering of positive kaons from $^{6}$Li, $^{12}$C, $^{28}$Si and $^{40}$Ca are studied at beam momenta in the range 400-1000 MeV/{$c$}, leading to a fair description of most differential and total cross section data. To complete the analysis the full-folding model, three kinds of simpler $tρ$ calculations are considered and results discussed. We conclude that conventional medium effects, in conjunction with a proper representation of the basic {\it KN} interaction are essential for the description of $K^{+}$-nucleus phenomena.
description: 11 pages, 1 table, 12 figures, submitted to PRC
Computational modeling of extreme wildland fire events: a synthesis of scientific understanding with applications to forecasting, land management, and firefighter safety
Creators: name: Coen, J. L.
name: Schroeder, W.
name: Conway, S.
name: Tarnay, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding and prediction of large wildland fire events around the world is a growing interdisciplinary research area advanced rapidly by development and use of computational models. Recent models bidirectionally couple computational fluid dynamics models including weather prediction models with modules containing algorithms representing fire spread and heat release, simulating fire-atmosphere interactions across scales spanning three orders of magnitude. Integrated with weather data and airborne and satellite remote sensing data on wildland fuels and active fire detection, modern coupled weather-fire modeling systems are being used to solve current science problems. Compared to legacy tools, these dynamic computational modeling systems increase cost and complexity but have produced breakthrough insights notably into the mechanisms underlying extreme wildfire events such as fine-scale extreme winds associated with interruptions of the electricity grid and have been configured to forecast a fire's growth, expanding our ability to anticipate how they will unfold. We synthesize case studies of recent extreme events, expanding applications, and the challenges and limitations in our remote sensing systems, fire prediction tools, and meteorological models that add to wildfires' mystery and apparent unpredictability.
Ballistic transport and electrostatics in metallic carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Svizhenko, A.
name: Anantram, M. P.
name: Govindan, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the current and electrostatic potential drop in metallic carbon nanotube wires self-consistently, by solving the Green's function and electrostatics equations in the ballistic case. About one tenth of the applied voltage drops across the bulk of a nanowire, independent of the lengths considered here. The remaining nine tenths of the bias drops near the contacts, thereby creating a non linear potential drop. The scaling of the electric field at the center of the nanotube with length (L) is faster than 1/L (roughly $1/L^{1.25-1.75}$). At room temperature, the low bias conductance of large diameter nanotubes is larger than $4e^2/h$ due to occupation of non crossing subbands. The physics of conductance evolution with bias due to the transmission Zener tunneling in non crossing subbands is discussed.
PRICE DISCOVERY MECHANISMS AND ALTERNATIVES FOR CANADIAN AGRICULTURE; Part II: A Review of Pricing Mechanisms from the Economic Literature
Creators: name: Mussell, Al
name: Mussell, Al
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The purpose of this study is to review pricing mechanisms discussed in the academic literature. The role of a pricing mechanism in a supply chain for a specialty farm good is to: · Allocation of supply chain profits and costs · Induce effort and investment · Price according to value and product quality
Future pHealth Ecosystem-Holistic View on Privacy and Trust
Creators: name: Ruotsalainen, Pekka
name: Blobel, Bernd
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: privacy, trust, holistic view, fiducial duty, privacy law, smart contract
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Modern pHealth is an emerging approach to collecting and using personal health information (PHI) for personalized healthcare and personalized health management. For its products and services, it deploys advanced technologies such as sensors, actuators, computers, mobile phones, etc. Researchers have shown that today’s networked information systems, such as pHealth ecosystems, miss appropriate privacy solutions, and trust is only an illusion. In the future, the situation will be even more challenging because pHealth ecosystems will be highly distributed, dynamic, increasingly autonomous, and multi-stakeholder, with the ability to monitor the person’s regular life, movements, emotions, and health-related behavior in real time. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that privacy and trust in ecosystems are system-level problems that need a holistic, system-focused solution. To make future pHealth ethically acceptable, privacy-enabled, and trustworthy, the authors have developed a conceptual five-level privacy and trust model as well as a formula that describes the impact of privacy and trust factors on the level of privacy and trust. Furthermore, the authors have analyzed privacy and trust challenges and possible solutions at each level of the model. Based on the analysis performed, a proposal for future ethically acceptable, trustworthy, and privacy-enabled pHealth is developed. The solution combines privacy as personal property and trust as legally binding fiducial duty approaches and uses a blockchain-based smart contract agreement to store people’s privacy and trust requirements and service providers’ promises.
description: This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the pHealth 2022 Conference, Oslo, Norway, 8–10 November 2022
On the strong consistency of asymptotic M-estimators
Creators: name: Chafai, Djalil
name: Concordet, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G05; 62F12; 34K29; 60F99

description: The aim of this article is to simplify Pfanzagl's proof of consistency for asymptotic maximum likelihood estimators, and to extend it to more general asymptotic M-estimators. The method relies on the existence of a sort of contraction of the parameter space which admits the true parameter as a fixed point. The proofs are short and elementary.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference
Handreichung zur Beratung im Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) der Stiftung Universität Hildesheim (UB Hildesheim).
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
FDM Niedersachsen
Schulungen
Schulungen im Forschungsdatenmanagement
Beratungen im Forschungsdatenmanagement
FDM Beratung
Forschungsdatenmanagement Beratuing

description: Handreichung zur Beratung im Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM)
 der Stiftung Universität Hildesheim (UB Hildesheim). Bei der Beratung werden Lösungen für die konkreten Bedarfe gefunden und vermittelt. Ergebnisse der Beratungsanfragen fliessen in die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung der Schulungsangebote ein. Forscherinnen und Forscher werden prozessbegleitend vom FDM der UB Hildesheim betreut. Dies geschieht immer unter der Berücksichtigung von Methoden, von Standards, aber immer auch unter den praxeologischen Aspekten (“Communities of Practice”).
AGRONOMIC, ECONOMIC AND EVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE COMMERCIAL CULTIVATION OF GLYPHOSATE TOLERANT SOYBEANS IN ONTARIO: FINAL REPORT
Creators: name: Brethour, Cher
name: Mussell, Al
name: Mayer, Holly
name: Martin, Larry J.
name: Brethour, Cher
name: Mussell, Al
name: Mayer, Holly
name: Martin, Larry J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Glyphosate tolerant (GT) soybeans appear to be popular among many Ontario farmers. For example, Statistics Canada reports that 23% of the 2001 soybean acreage was planted to GT varieties, up from 18% in 2000. However, the environmental impact of GT seeds is perceived as controversial in the minds of some members of the public. This manifests itself in the form of public action on behalf of some activist groups, and a demand for products not containing GT soybeans. The apparent contradiction between producer preferences and public attitudes lies in a general lack of knowledge surrounding the environmental impact of GT soybeans. In this regard, the specific impact of GT soybeans in Ontario is unknown. Two recent studies (Hin et al., and American Soybean Association) investigated the impacts of GT technology on soybean production in the United States. Similar studies have not been conducted that measure the agronomic, economic and environmental impacts of GT soybean technology in Canada. Based on the forgoing, an analogous study measuring these impacts in Ontario agriculture is warranted.
Semiclassical (Quantum Field Theory) and Quantum (String) de Sitter Regimes: New Results
Creators: name: Bouchareb, A.
name: Medrano, M. Ramon
name: Sanchez, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the quantum string entropy S_s(m, H) from the microscopic string density of states rho_s (m,H) of mass m in de Sitter space-time. We find for high m, a {\bf new} phase transition at the critical string temperature T_s= (1/2 pi k_B)L c^2/alpha', higher than the flat space (Hagedorn) temperature t_s. (L = c/H, the Hubble constant H acts at the transition as producing a smaller string constant alpha' and thus, a higher tension). T_s is the precise quantum dual of the semiclassical (QFT Hawking-Gibbons) de Sitter temperature T_sem = hbar c /(2πk_B L). We find a new formula for the full de Sitter entropy S_sem (H), as a function of the usual Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_sem^(0)(H). For L << l_{Planck}, ie. for low H << c/l_Planck, S_{sem}^{(0)}(H) is the leading term, but for high H near c/l_Planck, a new phase transition operates and the whole entropy S_sem (H) is drastically different from the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy S_sem^(0)(H). We compute the string quantum emission cross section by a black hole in de Sitter (or asymptotically de Sitter) space-time (bhdS). For T_sem ~ bhdS << T_s, (early evaporation stage), it shows the QFT Hawking emission with temperature T_sem ~ bhdS, (semiclassical regime). For T_sem ~ bhdS near T_{s}, it exhibits a phase transition into a string de Sitter state of size L_s = l_s^2/L}, l_s= \sqrt{\hbar alpha'/c), and string de Sitter temperature T_s. Instead of featuring a single pole singularity in the temperature (Carlitz transition), it features a square root branch point (de Vega-Sanchez transition). New bounds on the black hole radius r_g emerge in the bhdS string regime: it can become r_g = L_s/2, or it can reach a more quantum value, r_g = 0.365 l_s.
description: New original material
MARKET INTEGRATION: CASE STUDIES OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE
Creators: name: Franken, Jason R.V.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
name: Franken, Jason R.V.
name: Parcell, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Ethanol
subject: Consolidation
subject: Structural Change

description: The grain/oilseed industry is undergoing considerable structural change in the form of mergers and the addition of new processing facilities to add value beyond commodity grade. The rapid structural changes in this industry call into question the relevance of previous research conducted in these areas. Focusing on two structural change events in northeast Missouri as case studies provides an incisive glimpse at the larger impact of structural change on the grain/oilseed industry. This study addresses the merger of Archer Daniels Midland and Quincy Grain, and the opening of a producer-owned ethanol plant in northeast Missouri to determine if these structural change events altered pricing patterns and linkages in Missouri grain/oilseed markets, and assess the need for re-specification of conventional economic models for price analysis in cases of potential structural change. This research utilizes a three-tier statistical analysis of cointegration tests, Flexible Least Squares analysis, and impulse response functions derived from Vector Autoregressive modeling to investigate the Law of One Price and price relationships among four Missouri grain/oilseed markets. The results are consistent with the Law of One Price, supporting the ideology that markets work, and implying that localized structural change may not significantly affect research shelf-life.
S-wave kaon-nucleon potentials with all-to-all propagators in the HAL QCD method
Creators: name: Murakami, Kotaro
name: Akahoshi, Yutaro
name: Aoki, Sinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, employing an all-to-all quark propagator technique, we investigate the kaon-nucleon interactions in lattice QCD. We calculate the S-wave kaon-nucleon potentials at the leading order in the derivative expansion in the time-dependent HAL QCD method, using (2+1)-flavor gauge configurations at the lattice spacing $a \approx 0.09$ fm on $32^3 \times 64$ lattices and the pion mass $m_π \approx 570$ MeV. We take the one-end trick for all-to-all propagators, which allows us to put the zero momentum hadron operators at both source and sink and to smear quark operators at the source. We find the stronger repulsive interaction in the $I=1$ channel than in the $I=0$. The phase shifts obtained by solving the Schrödinger equations with the potentials qualitatively reproduce the energy dependence of the experimental phase shifts, and have the similar behavior to the previous results from lattice QCD without all-to-all propagators. Our study demonstrates that the all-to-all quark propagator technique with the one-end trick is useful to study interactions for meson-baryon systems in the HAL QCD method, so that we will apply it to meson-baryon systems which contain quark-antiquark creation/annihilation processes in our future studies.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
Creators: name: Tricarico, Eleonora
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Respiratory system
subject: CT
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-Virtual imaging
subject: Calcifications / Calculi

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 62 years
description: Clinical History: A 62-year-old male patient underwent whole body computed tomography (CT) for staging of colon cancer. The patient reported a mild occasional cough for 1 year, without history of smoking cigarettes or known allergies. Final Diagnosis: Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica
Quantum non-demolition measurement saturates fidelity trade-off
Creators: name: Mišta, Ladislav
name: Filip, Radim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general quantum measurement on an unknown quantum state enables us to estimate what the state originally was. Simultaneously, the measurement has a destructive effect on a measured quantum state which is reflected by the decrease of the output fidelity. We show for any $d$-level system that quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement controlled by a suitably prepared ancilla is a measurement in which the decrease of the output fidelity is minimal. The ratio between the estimation fidelity and the output fidelity can be continuously controlled by the preparation of the ancilla. Different measurement strategies on the ancilla are also discussed. Finally, we propose a feasible scheme of such a measurement for atomic and optical 2-level systems based on basic controlled-NOT gate.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
CALENDAR VS. WEEKS TO EXPIRATION LIVESTOCK BASIS FORECASTS: WHICH IS BETTER?
Creators: name: Tonsor, Glynn T.
name: Khuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Mintert, James R.
name: Tonsor, Glynn T.
name: Khuyvetter, Kevin C.
name: Mintert, James R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: livestock prices
subject: basis
subject: hedging
subject: basis forecasts

description: The ability to accurately forecast basis is crucial to risk management strategies employed by many agribusiness firms. Previous research has examined how to effectively use basis forecasts and what factors affect basis, but literature focusing on forecasting basis is sparse. This research evaluates the impact of adopting a time-to-expiration approach, as compared to the more common calendar approach, when forecasting feeder cattle, live cattle, and hog basis. Furthermore, the optimal number of past year's basis levels to include in making basis predictions is evaluated in an out-of-sample framework. Absolute basis forecasts errors are generated for all three commodities and evaluated to determine the signifcance of the two issues mentioned above. Results indicate that basis forecasters should consider using three-year historical averages for feeder cattle and four-year historical averages for live cattle and lean hogs when making basis forecasts. Furthermore, the use of a time-to-expiration method of calculating historical average basis results in very little improvement in basis prediction accuracy compared to the calendar approach.
Bea, Augustin Kardinal, Die Kirche und das jüdische Volk
Creators: name: Pfisterer, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 16 Nr. 2 (1967): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 16, Heft 2
One Step at a Time: Does Gradualism Build Coordination?
Creators: name: Ye, Maoliang
name: Zheng, Jie
name: Nikolov, Plamen
name: Asher, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigates a potential mechanism to promote coordination. With theoretical guidance using a belief-based learning model, we conduct a multi-period, binary-choice, and weakest-link laboratory coordination experiment to study the effect of gradualism - increasing the required levels (stakes) of contributions slowly over time rather than requiring a high level of contribution immediately - on group coordination performance. We randomly assign subjects to three treatments: starting and continuing at a high stake, starting at a low stake but jumping to a high stake after a few periods, and starting at a low stake while gradually increasing the stakes over time (the Gradualism treatment). We find that relative to the other two treatments, groups coordinate most successfully at high stakes in the Gradualism treatment. We also find evidence that supports the belief-based learning model. These findings point to a simple mechanism for promoting successful voluntary coordination.
PRICING WEATHER DERIVATIVES FOR AGRICULTURAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Sanders, Dwight R.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Manfredo, Mark R.
name: Sanders, Dwight R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: derivative
subject: Monte Carlo
subject: pricing
subject: risk weather

description: Existing derivative pricing methods cannot be used to price weather derivatives due to the absence of a hedgeable commodity underlying weather risk and the complexity of weather processes. This study develops a pricing model that considers weather derivatives to be the same as any other financial asset. In this way, the price of a weather derivative is an equilibrium price consistent with both the potential payout at expiry and the market price of risk. We apply this model to the pricing of weather derivatives in the Central Valley of California and find significant differences in prices obtained under alternative weather process assumptions.
EVALUATION OF MARKET ADVISORY SERVICE PERFORMANCE IN HOGS
Creators: name: Webber, Rick L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Martines-Filho, Joao Gomes
name: Webber, Rick L.
name: Irwin, Scott H.
name: Good, Darrel L.
name: Martines-Filho, Joao Gomes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing performance of agricultural market advisory services in hogs. Pricing recommendations are available for all quarters from the beginning of 1995 through the end of 2001. The results show that average differences between advisory programs and market benchmarks are small in nominal terms for all three benchmarks, -$0.41/bu., $O.OO/cwt. and $-0.27/cwt. versus the cash, index and empirical benchmarks, respectively, and none of the average differences are significantly different from zero. Hence, advisory programs as a group do not outperform the market benchmarks in terms of average price. Advisory programs also do not outperform the market benchmarks in terms of average price and risk. Finally, there is little evidence that advisory programs with superior performance can be usefully selected based on past performance in the hog market.
Driving enhanced quantum sensing in partially accessible many-body systems
Creators: name: Mishra, Utkarsh
name: Bayat, Abolfazl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ground-state criticality of many-body systems is a resource for quantum-enhanced sensing, namely the Heisenberg precision limit, provided that one has access to the whole system. We show that for partial accessibility, the sensing capabilities of a block of spins in the ground state reduces to the sub-Heisenberg limit. To compensate for this, we drive the hamiltonian periodically and use a local steady-state for quantum sensing. Remarkably, the steady-state sensing shows a significant enhancement in precision compared to the ground state and even achieves super-Heisenberg scaling for low frequencies. The origin of this precision enhancement is related to the closing of the Floquet quasienergy gap. It is in close correspondence with the vanishing of the energy gap at criticality for ground state sensing with global accessibility. The proposal is general to all the integrable models and can be implemented on existing quantum devices.
description: 7+7 pages, 5+4 figures, typos corrected, close to published version
MARKET DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED WITH A BEEFPACKING PLANT CLOSING AND A PORKPACKING PLANT OPENING
Creators: name: Hornung, Jonathan T.
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Hornung, Jonathan T.
name: Ward, Clement E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Meatpacking
subject: Fed cattle
subject: Slaughter hogs
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Prices

description: Previous research has estimated price effects of meat packing plant closings and openings. However, none have been done for plants opening or closing during the last 20 years ago when concentration in meatpacking increased rapidly. Plant openings and closings affect industry slaughtering capacity. Many analysts contribute the lack of processing capacity to handle the large supply of hogs in 1998 a major factor why spot market hog prices plummeted to unprecedented lows. Just eight months after the capacity constraint in slaughter hogs, Maple Leaf Foods opened a hog processing plant in Brandon, Manitoba. A second but opposite event occurred in the beef industry in an area of concentrated cattle feeding and meatpacking. On Christmas day, 2000, the ConAgra fed cattle processing plant was damaged by fire in Garden City, Kansas. The objective of this research is to determine the market effects of a plant opening in the porkpacking industry and a plant closing in the beef packing industry. Regression models were estimated to compare reported weekly average prices in the market where the plant opened or closed with comparable prices for benchmark markets before and after the plant opening or closing. Regression models followed previous research but explained relatively little of the variation in price ratios between the affected market area and comparison markets. Small price effects were found in some cases but with little consistency.
Losing Oceans: The Effects of Composition on the Thermal Component of Impact-driven Atmospheric Loss
Creators: name: Biersteker, John B.
name: Schlichting, Hilke E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of the solar system's terrestrial planets concluded with a period of giant impacts. Previous works examining the volatile loss caused by the impact shock in the moon-forming impact find atmospheric losses of at most 20-30 per cent and essentially no loss of oceans. However, giant impacts also result in thermal heating, which can lead to significant atmospheric escape via a Parker-type wind. Here we show that H2O and other high-mean molecular weight outgassed species can be efficiently lost through this thermal wind if present in a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, substantially altering the final volatile inventory of terrestrial planets. Specifically, we demonstrate that a giant impact of a Mars-sized embryo with a proto-Earth can remove several Earth oceans' worth of H2O, and other heavier volatile species, together with a primordial hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. These results may offer an explanation for the observed depletion in Earth's light noble gas budget and for its depleted xenon inventory, which suggest that Earth underwent significant atmospheric loss by the end of its accretion. Because planetary embryos are massive enough to accrete primordial hydrogen envelopes and because giant impacts are stochastic and occur concurrently with other early atmospheric evolutionary processes, our results suggest a wide diversity in terrestrial planet volatile budgets.
description: submitted to MNRAS, 9 pages, 4 figures
AN ARCH ANALYSIS OF THE HEDGING PERFORMANCE OF IMMINENTLY MATURING FUTURES CONTRACTS
Creators: name: Dahlgran, Roger A.
name: Dahlgran, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: maturity effect
subject: hedging effectiveness
subject: risk management

description: Hedge ratio estimation studies avoid estimating hedge ratios for imminently maturing futures contracts because of the maturity effect whereby futures price volatility increases as price uncertainty is resolved at contract expiration. This study first points out that a futures-price volatility increase is neither necessary nor sufficient for reduced hedging effectiveness because hedging effectiveness depends on the cash-futures price correlation. To analyze the hedging performance of imminently maturing futures contracts risk is defined as the conditional variance of profit outcomes. The conditional mean is modeled as Brownian motion. This model was fit to cash and futures price data for corn, cotton, feeder cattle, soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal using daily observations from January 1990 through mid-March 2002. Test results indicate that daily futures prices for these commodities follow a random walk while spot prices are predictable. Therefore, zero (for futures prices? and the predicted value (for spot prices) were used as the conditional means in estimating the conditional variances for futures and spot prices. Volatility is analyzed as an ARCH process with a mean that follows a quadratic function of days to maturity. It was found that the quadratic function was significant for all futures contracts with the volatility minimum occurring between 131 and 259 days before contract maturity. The ARCH effects were generally not significant for futures prices while spot price volatility displayed significant ARCH effects. The maturity effects in the futures markets has a dominant influence on the spot-futures correlation so that the effectiveness of hedging tends to decrease as the futures price volatility begins to increase. The effectiveness decline occurs far sooner than the contract selection rules imply.
Cancer and aging: a multidisciplinary medicinal chemistry approach on relevant biological targets such as proteasome, sirtuins and interleukin 6
Creators: name: Parenti, Marco Daniele <1975>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: MED/04 Patologia generale

description: It is well known that ageing and cancer have common origins due to internal and environmental stress and share some common hallmarks such as genomic instability, epigenetic alteration, aberrant telomeres, inflammation and immune injury. Moreover, ageing is involved in a number of events responsible for carcinogenesis and cancer development at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels.
Ageing could represent a “blockbuster” market because the target patient group includes potentially every person; at the same time, oncology has become the largest therapeutic area in the pharmaceutical industry in terms of the number of projects, clinical trials and research and development (R&D) spending, but cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide.
The overall aim of the work presented in this thesis was the rational design of new compounds able to modulate activity of relevant targets involved in cancer and aging-related pathologies, namely proteasome and immunoproteasome, sirtuins and interleukin 6. These three targets play different roles in human cells, but the modulation of its activity using small molecules could have beneficial effects on one or more aging-related diseases and cancer.
We identified new moderately active and selective non-peptidic compounds able to inhibit the activity of both standard and immunoproteasome, as well as novel and selective scaffolds that would bind and inhibit SIRT6 selectively and can be used to sensitize tumor cells to commonly used anticancer agents such gemcitabine and olaparib. Moreover, our virtual screening approach led us also to the discovery of new putative modulators of SIRT3 with interesting in-vitro and cellular activity. 
Although the selectivity and potency of the identified chemical scaffolds are susceptible to be further improved, these compounds can be considered as highly promising leads for the development of future therapeutics.
Heavy fermion fluid in high magnetic fields: an infrared study of CeRu$_4$Sb$_{12}$
Creators: name: Dordevic, S. V.
name: Beach, K. S. D.
name: Takeda, N.
name: Wang, Y. J.
name: Maple, M. B.
name: Basov, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive infrared magneto-spectroscopy study of CeRu$_4$Sb$_{12}$ compound revealing quasiparticles with heavy effective mass m$^*$, with a detailed analysis of optical constants in fields up to 17 T. We find that the applied magnetic field strongly affects the low energy excitations in the system. In particular, the magnitude of m$^*$ $\simeq$ 70 m$_b$ (m$_b$ is the quasiparticle band mass) at 10 K is suppressed by as much as 25 % at 17 T. This effect is in quantitative agreement with the mean-field solution of the periodic Anderson model augmented with a Zeeman term.