Terrestricypris Shornikov 1980
Creators: name: Pinto, R. L.
name: Rocha, C. E. F.
name: Martens, K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Ostracoda
Podocopida
Candonidae
Terrestricypris

description: GENUS TERRESTRICYPRIS SHORNIKOV, 1980   
 Type species: Terrestricypris arborea Shornikov, 1980   
 Diagnosis: (modified after Shornikov, 1980)   
Cp narrow in dv, reniform in lv. A1 5-segmented, with segments 1–3 and 4 + 5 fused. A2 with claw G2 missing. Md-palp with seta s1 small. T 3 with apical claw only. CR with proximal seta inserted close to the mid length of the ramus.  
 Additional features   
 Valves reniform, narrow in dv, LV overlapping RV anteriorly and posteriorly, RV overlapping LV ventrally. Calcified inner lamella narrow, fused zone with straight pore canals, c. 4 cms, large fulcral point, mandibular scars small and elongated. Hinge adont.   
Most appendages with reduction in number of segments and number and length of claws and setae. A1 5-segmented, i.e. with segments 1, 2 and 3 fused and with segments 4 and 5 fused. A2 with exopodite consisting of 1 long seta and 1 small, compact organ, natatory setae missing, with 2 long claws on penultimate segment. Md palp with reduced chaetotaxy, setae s1 very short, apical segment with 1 large claw and 2–3 setae. Mx1-palp with 2 long apical setae on first segment, 3 setae on rectangular terminal segment. T 1-palp (female) with 2–3 apical setae. T 2 slender walking leg, seta d1 long, d2 missing, penultimate segment divided, apical claw long and slender. T 3 with 1 apical claw only. CR stout, proximal seta long, inserted slightly apically from mid point of the ramus, 2 stout and serrated endclaws, distal seta present.  
 Remarks   
 Owing to the discovery of this Brazilian species (see below), three main morphological differences between Terrestricypris and Terrestricandona can be retained: (1) A1 with segment 3 fused to segments 1 + 2 in Terrestricypris, separate in Terrestricandona; (2) segment 4 + 5 of A1 with 2 setae in Terrestricypris, 1 seta in Terrestricandona; (3) claw G2 on A2 present in Terrestricandona, absent in Terrestricypris: this claw is fully missing, not reduced to a short seta and is here homologized to G2 (see below). Shornikov illustrated a seta near to this spot, but this is a z-seta, not a reduced claw G2.   
 Some other putative differences require validation as they could constitute erroneous observations during the original description of either genus. (1) T 1-palp with 3 apical setae in Terrestricandona, 2 in Terrestricypris arborea. Because Terrestricypris wurdigae sp. nov. also has 3 setae there (see below), this is not retained here as a generic feature. (2) T 2 with 2 apical setae on the penultimate segment in Terrestricandona, 1 in Terrestricypris arborea. As the additional seta is very small, this could easily have been missed. (3) Shornikov (1980) also mentioned that the eye is simple; however, as candonid eyes are generally unpigmented, it was most likely not observed.   
 TERRESTRICYPRIS WURDIGAE SP. NOV.   
(FIGS 7–9)  
 Type locality   
As for the previous species: Boracéia Biological Station, Municipality of Salesópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil. GPS coordinates: 23°38′16.9″S, 45°50′24.5″W. Inside the forest, near Pedreira’s swamp, in leaf litter at the foot of a rock wall. Material collected on 02.iv.2003 by CEFR and RLP. The species is thus far known only from its type locality.  
 Type material   
 Holotype: a dissected female, with valves stored dry in a micropalaeontological slide and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 16363).   
 Paratypes: a female dissected and stored like the holotype (MZUSP 16364); a dissected female, with valves used for SEM and stored in a micropalaeontological slide, and dissected soft parts kept in a sealed slide (MZUSP 16365); 3 carapaces used for SEM and stored in micropalaeontological slides (MZUSP 16366–68), 32 females kept in toto in ETOH (MZUSP 16369).   
 Derivation of name   
Named after Dr Norma Würdig (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), in recognition of her substantial contributions to the knowledge on Brazilian non-marine ostracods.  
 Diagnosis   
 Small (Le = c. 0.3 mm) species with elongated valves (L/H ratio = 2.23–2.33), Cp narrow in dv, with straight, parallel sides and greatest width situated in the middle. A1 5-segmented, i.e. with fusion between segments 1, 2 and 3 and between 4 and 5. s-Setae on the Md-palp strongly reduced, especially s2. T 1-palp with 3 apical setae.   
 Description   
Cp (Fig. 9G) reniform, slightly convex, narrow in dv, LV overlapping RV along the anterior, posterior and ventral margins. Cp in dorsal and ventral views (Fig. 9D,E) elongate, with pointed extremities and nearly straight, parallel sides over most of the length, greatest width situated in the middle. Calcified inner lamella narrow on both anterior and posterior sides, both valves (Fig. 9A–C,F) with well-developed inner list along (but not on) the inner margin. RV and LV subequal, with narrowly rounded anterior margin, slightly ventrally produced, rounded dorsal margin, more broadly rounded in the posterior part, caudal margin more broadly rounded than anterior one and ventral margin sinuous. Fused zone more developed anteriorly, with straight pore canals, 4 cms, large fulcral point, md scars small and elongated. Hinge adont.  
Most appendages with reduction in number of segments and number and length of claws and setae. A1 (Fig. 7A) 5-segmented, i.e. with segments 1, 2 and 3 fused and with segments 4 and 5 fused. First segment (1 + 2 + 3) with 1 dorsal seta; second segment, being a fusion of segments 4 and 5, with 2 short apical setae; third segment (S6) without setae, fourth segment (S7) with 2 longer setae, the dorsal one being the longest; terminal segment (S8) with 2 apical setae (1 long, 1 half as long) and 1 dorso-lateral aesthetasc.  
A2 (Fig. 7B) with exopodite consisting of 1 long seta and 1 small and short, compact organ; first endopodal segment with 2 unequal ventro-apical setae and Y-aesthetasc of normal length, natatory setae absent; penultimate segment of endopode without lateral setae, with 2 z-setae and with 2 long claws (here homologized with G1 and G3); y2 seta-like, slightly longer than the terminal segment; terminal segment with large claw GM, Gm reduced to a seta, about as long as seta ‘g’, aesthetasc y3 basally fused with slightly longer accompanying seta.  
Md palp (Fig. 7C, D) with reduced chaetotaxy. First palp-segment with respiratory plate incompletely developed, with only 1 or 2 rays; ventrally with all setae short and stout, seta s2 minute, s1 short but well developed, accompanying seta longer, smooth and distally spatulate, alpha-seta very small; second palp segment with 4 longer setae, beta-seta not discernible; third segment with 2 unequal, medio-dorsal setae, 2 ventro-apical setae (1 long, 1 short) and 1 medio-apical gamma seta; terminal segment with 1 large claw, 1 claw-like seta and 2 short setae.  
Mx1-palp (Fig. 7E) with 2 long apical setae on first segment, 3 setae on rectangular terminal segment.  
T 1-palp (Fig. 8A) with 3 apical setae, respiratory plate reduced; endite with about 8 unequal setae, setae a, b and d stout.  
T 2 (Fig. 8B) a slender walking leg, seta d1 long, d2 missing, penultimate segment divided; terminal segment elongate, with apical claw long and slender and with 1 ventro-apical and 1 dorso-apical setae.  
T 3 (Fig. 8C) with 1 apical claw (and possibly with a very short apical seta), all other setae missing; endopodal segments 2 and 3 fused.  
CR (Fig. 8D) stout, proximal seta long, inserted slightly apically from the middle of the ramus, with 2 stout and serrated endclaws and a long distal seta.  
End of body (Fig. 8E) a slender seta.  
Male unknown.  
 Measurements (in µ m)   
MZUSP 16368: L = 329, H = 157.  
MZUSP 16366: L = 313, W = 112.  
MZUSP 16367: L = 314, W = 111.  
MZUSP 16365: LV: L = 311, H = 151; RV: L = 305, H =147.  
 Relationships   
 Following the revised diagnoses of Terrestricypris and Terrestricandona (see above), the new Brazilian species belongs to the former genus. It differs from T. arborea in a range of characters: (1) the valves of T. wurdigae sp. nov. are significantly more elongate than those of T. arborea (L/H ratio 2.23–2.33 and 2.04–2.10, respectively); (2) the s-setae on the Md-palp are more reduced in T. wurdigae sp. nov.; (3) the T1- palp has 3 apical setae in T. wurdigae sp. nov. and 2 in T. arborea. Some other apparent differences (e.g. absence of setae alpha and beta and a third seta on the terminal segment of the Md-palp) could be due to the fact that these very small features have been missed in the description of T. arborea). However, the anatomical differences cited above are sufficient to distinguish T. wurdigae sp. nov. from T. arborea.
description: Published as part of Pinto, R. L., Rocha, C. E. F. & Martens, K., 2005, On new terrestrial ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Brazil, primarily from São Paulo State, pp. 145-173 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (2) on pages 157-161, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00185.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5434946