cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How wavelength affects the hydrodynamic performance of two accelerating mirror-symmetric slender swimmers
Creators: name: Lin, Zhonglu
name: Liang, Dongfang
name: Bhalla, Amneet Pal Singh
name: Al-Shabab, Ahmed A. Sheikh
name: Skote, Martin
name: Zheng, Wei
name: Zhang, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fish schools are capable of simultaneous linear acceleration. To reveal the underlying hydrodynamic mechanism, we numerically investigate how Reynolds number $ Re = 1000 - 2000 $, Strouhal number $ St = 0.2 - 0.7 $ and wavelength $ λ= 0.5 - 2 $ affect the mean net thrust and net propulsive efficiency of two side-by-side hydrofoils undulating in anti-phase. In total, $ 550 $ cases are simulated using immersed boundary method. The thrust increases significantly with wavelength and Strouhal number, yet only slightly with the Reynolds number. We apply a symbolic regression algorithm to formulate this relationship. Furthermore, we find that mirror-symmetric schooling can achieve a \textit{net} thrust more than ten times that of a single swimmer, especially at low Reynolds numbers. The highest efficiency is obtained at $ St = 0.5 $ and $ λ= 1.2 $, where $ St $ is consistent with that observed in the linear-accelerating natural swimmers, \eg Crevalle jack. Six distinct flow structures are identified. The highest thrust corresponds to an asymmetric flow pattern, whereas the highest efficiency occurs when the flow is symmetric with converging vortex streets.
description: This paper has been accepted by Physics of Fluids. This is the accepted version
Chandra and Swift X-ray Observations of the X-ray Pulsar SMC X-2 During the Outburst of 2015
Creators: name: Li, K. L.
name: Hu, C. -P
name: Lin, L. C. C.
name: Kong, Albert K. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the Chandra/HRC-S and Swift/XRT observations for the 2015 outburst of the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud, SMC X-2. While previous studies suggested that either an O star or a Be star in the field is the high-mass companion of SMC X-2, our Chandra/HRC-S image unambiguously confirms the O-type star as the true optical counterpart. Using the Swift/XRT observations, we extracted accurate orbital parameters of the pulsar binary through a time of arrivals (TOAs) analysis. In addition, there were two X-ray dips near the inferior conjunction, which are possibly caused by eclipses or an ionized high-density shadow wind near the companion's surface. Finally, we propose that an outflow driven by the radiation pressure from day ~10 played an important role in the X-ray/optical evolution of the outburst.
description: 8 pages; accepted for publication in ApJ
title: "Ich hab früher lieber hier gearbeitet!"
title: Belastungsfaktoren und Bewältigungsstrategien von Pflegekräften der ambulanten Pflege
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Ebersberger, Thomas
name: Ebersberger, Sabine
Publisher: name: Lucius & Lucius Verlagsgesellschft GmbH
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 300
subject: 650

description: Arbeit
Quantum communication complexity beyond Bell nonlocality
Creators: name: Ho, Joseph
name: Moreno, George
name: Brito, Samuraí
name: Graffitti, Francesco
name: Morrison, Christopher L.
name: Nery, Ranieri
name: Pickston, Alexander
name: Proietti, Massimiliano
name: Rabelo, Rafael
name: Fedrizzi, Alessandro
name: Chaves, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient distributed computing offers a scalable strategy for solving resource-demanding tasks such as parallel computation and circuit optimisation. Crucially, the communication overhead introduced by the allotment process should be minimised -- a key motivation behind the communication complexity problem (CCP). Quantum resources are well-suited to this task, offering clear strategies that can outperform classical counterparts. Furthermore, the connection between quantum CCPs and nonlocality provides an information-theoretic insights into fundamental quantum mechanics. Here we connect quantum CCPs with a generalised nonlocality framework -- beyond the paradigmatic Bell's theorem -- by incorporating the underlying causal structure, which governs the distributed task, into a so-called nonlocal hidden variable model. We prove that a new class of communication complexity tasks can be associated to Bell-like inequalities, whose violation is both necessary and sufficient for a quantum gain. We experimentally implement a multipartite CCP akin to the guess-your-neighbour-input scenario, and demonstrate a quantum advantage when multipartite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are shared among three users.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Erfahrungen zur Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung bei psychischen Belastungen
Creators: name: Langhoff, Thomas
name: Satzer, Rolf
Publisher: name: Lucius & Lucius Verlagsgesellschaft
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 300
subject: 650

description: Es wurden Erfahrungen zur Umsetzung der Gefährdungsbeurteilung bei psychischen Belastungen in Deutschland untersucht. Dazu konnten Schwerpunktaktionen identifiziert und ebenso bewertet werden wie Vorgehensweisen und Instrumente. Bei der erfolgreichsten Schwerpunktaktion wurden vertiefende betriebliche Fallstudien vorgenommen. Betriebsräte konnten dabei als eine lohnende Akteursgruppe ermittelt werden, um die Gefährdungsbeurteilung mit psychischen Belastungen durchzusetzen. Als Erfolgsfaktoren haben sich die Nutzung der Mitbestimmungsrechte nach Betriebsverfassungsgesetz und die Unterstützung durch eine begleitende Schwerpunktaktion herauskristallisiert. Es wurde eine Implementationsstrategie zu Gefährdungsbeurteilungen bei psychischen Belastungen entwickelt, die eine modellhafte Handlungsstrategie für betriebliche Praktiker zur erfolgreichen Etablierung von Gefährdungsbeurteilungen liefert und bisherige Umsetzungsschwächen überwindet.
description: Arbeit
Additional file 1 of Parental coping with uncertainties along the severe combined immunodeficiency journey
Creators: name: Kutsa, Oksana
name: Andrews, Sara M.
name: Mallonee, Erin
name: Gwaltney, Angela
name: Creamer, Alissa
name: Han, Paul K. J.
name: Raspa, Melissa
name: Biesecker, Barbara B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide.
Stefan Kühl, Petra Strodtholz (Hg.): Methoden der Organisationsforschung. Ein Handbuch, rowohlts ezyklopädie 55647, Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt Taschenbuch Verlag, 2002, ISBN 3-499-55647-2, 442 S., Euro 17,90
Creators: name: Franz, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: Lucius & Lucius Verlagsgesellschaft
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 300
subject: 650

description: Arbeit
The Effect of Sales Promotion on sales volume: the case of St. George Beer
Creators: name: Tesfaye, Elias
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2019

description: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sales promotion on sales volume of St. George Beer which is one of BGI Ethiopia Beer brands. The researcher found out various ways through which the company employed sales promotion to raise sales volume of its product, stimulate and arouse customers and dealers favorable behavior towards the company and its brand. This study showed the relationship between sales promotion effect and sales volume of St. George Beer. For the study, empirical data was gathered from 255 respondents using self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using correlation and regression analysis to examine the relationship between variables. The study also used mixed approach since both quantitative and qualitative data were gathered. The findings of the study revealed that all the independent variables influence the dependent variable, sales volume positively and significantly. Based on the objective of the study, four hypotheses were formulated and tested and the result showed all were supported. The populations of the study were channel distributers of the company's product at large and selected employees of the company itself. Taro Yamane formula was used to determine the sample size. The researcher made use of both primary and secondary data, structured questionnaire and personal interviews were used to elicit data from the respondents. Simple tables and percentage were used to analyze the collected data. Based on the analysis, the sales promotion message of BGI Ethiopia influence sales of the product, and dealers confirmed that they sell more St. George Beer during promotional periods. The researcher recommended that the company should maintain and improve its sales promotion campaign and more sales promotional activities should be integrated with other promotional tools. In conclusion, the promotional activities on St. George beer influence channel distributers/customers to sale more of the brand and hence the sales volume increases as well.
Entwicklung und Anwendung neuer Katalysatoren für die Alkinmetathese sowie Studien zu goldkatalysierten Cycloisomerisierungen von Alkinen
Creators: name: Stade, Robert Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Alkinmetathese
subject: Cycloisomerisierung
subject: Goldkatalyse
subject: Molsieb
subject: Nitrido-Molybdän-Komplex
subject: 540

description: A new generation of user-friendly and highly active alkyne metathesis (pre)catalysts has been developed. These nitride complexes of molybdenum can be easily prepared in large quantity from inexpensive sodium molybdate. Triphenylsilanolate was found to be the optimal ancillary ligand, as it provides the catalyst with a remarkable activity as well as an exceptional functional group tolerance. The catalyst was rendered fully air stable by complexation with bidentate nitrogen donor ligands like 1,10-phenanthroline. The structures of representative examples of this new generation of alkyne metathesis catalysts in the solid state were determined by x-ray analysis. These adducts are per se catalytically inactive in alkyne metathesis reactions but can easily be reactivated by decomplexation in the presence of weak lewis acids like MnCl2. The addition of molecular sieves (5 Å) to the reaction mixture removes the byproduct 2-butyne (generated when using methyl-capped alkynes) from the equilibrium and thereby significantly improves the chemical yields and the reaction rates. The scope of the newly developed system could be demonstrated by the application to a number of representative alkyne metathesis reactions. The developed methods grant improved access to cyclic alkynes by ring-closing alkyne metathesis (RCAM). Therefore, gold-catalyzed cycloisomerisation reactions of such cyclic alkynes were studied, attempting to identify new routes for the preparation of biologically active natural products.
Concordance cosmology without dark energy
Creators: name: Rácz, Gábor
name: Dobos, László
name: Beck, Róbert
name: Szapudi, István
name: Csabai, István
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the separate universe conjecture, spherically symmetric sub-regions in an isotropic universe behave like mini-universes with their own cosmological parameters. This is an excellent approximation in both Newtonian and general relativistic theories. We estimate local expansion rates for a large number of such regions, and use a scale parameter calculated from the volume-averaged increments of local scale parameters at each time step in an otherwise standard cosmological $N$-body simulation. The particle mass, corresponding to a coarse graining scale, is an adjustable parameter. This mean field approximation neglects tidal forces and boundary effects, but it is the first step towards a non-perturbative statistical estimation of the effect of non-linear evolution of structure on the expansion rate. Using our algorithm, a simulation with an initial $Ω_m=1$ Einstein--de~Sitter setting closely tracks the expansion and structure growth history of the $Λ$CDM cosmology. Due to small but characteristic differences, our model can be distinguished from the $Λ$CDM model by future precision observations. Moreover, our model can resolve the emerging tension between local Hubble constant measurements and the Planck best-fitting cosmology. Further improvements to the simulation are necessary to investigate light propagation and confirm full consistency with cosmic microwave background observations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
ME-PCN: Point Completion Conditioned on Mask Emptiness
Creators: name: Gong, Bingchen
name: Nie, Yinyu
name: Lin, Yiqun
name: Han, Xiaoguang
name: Yu, Yizhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point completion refers to completing the missing geometries of an object from incomplete observations. Main-stream methods predict the missing shapes by decoding a global feature learned from the input point cloud, which often leads to deficient results in preserving topology consistency and surface details. In this work, we present ME-PCN, a point completion network that leverages `emptiness' in 3D shape space. Given a single depth scan, previous methods often encode the occupied partial shapes while ignoring the empty regions (e.g. holes) in depth maps. In contrast, we argue that these `emptiness' clues indicate shape boundaries that can be used to improve topology representation and detail granularity on surfaces. Specifically, our ME-PCN encodes both the occupied point cloud and the neighboring `empty points'. It estimates coarse-grained but complete and reasonable surface points in the first stage, followed by a refinement stage to produce fine-grained surface details. Comprehensive experiments verify that our ME-PCN presents better qualitative and quantitative performance against the state-of-the-art. Besides, we further prove that our `emptiness' design is lightweight and easy to embed in existing methods, which shows consistent effectiveness in improving the CD and EMD scores.
description: Accepted to ICCV 2021; typos corrected
Case report: a post-traumatic Neuro-COVID-19. Casuality or causality?
Creators: name: Cortassa Giorgio Mario
name: Bottone Stefania
name: Saia Valentina
name: Grillo Giovanna
name: Bertolino Monica
name: Tassinari Tiziana
name: Mangerini R
name: Tedone E
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19
head trauma
neurologic presentation
DWI imaging
Coronavirus in liquor

description: We describe the case of a 77 years old man with relevant oncologic comorbidities but in good general conditions who developed a rapidly deteriorating neurologic status up to a refractory coma just after a relatively minor accidental head and chest trauma. Emergency CT imaging of the brain and chest was not significant but DWI demonstrated a diffuse brain subcortical micro-ischemic pattern. EEG showed diffuse slow rhythm and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed an inflammatory pattern with elevated proteinorrachia. The RT-PCR on pharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV2 and generic Coronavirus antigens were found in CSF. In the following days, the patient developed a cytokine storm, a typical COVID-19 pneumonia and died 13 days after admission. In the specific macro-emergency context autopsy was not feasible, though laboratory findings support the pathogenetic role of Coronavirus in central nervous system damage. We do not know if the strict chronologic succession suggests a possible role of the head trauma in the development of the neurologic condition of this COVID-19 patient. We believe this report add to the knowledge about the presence of a Coronavirus in CSF.
GUP-corrected $Λ$CDM cosmology
Creators: name: Kibaroğlu, Salih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we investigate the effect of the generalized uncertainty principle on the $Λ$CDM cosmological model. Using quantum corrected Unruh effect and Verlinde's entropic gravity idea, we find Planck-scale corrected Friedmann equations with a cosmological constant. These results modify the $Λ$CDM cosmology.
description: 5 pages
The hypocoercivity index for the short time behavior of linear time-invariant ODE systems
Creators: name: Achleitner, Franz
name: Arnold, Anton
name: Carlen, Eric A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34D05, 34A30, 34Exx

description: We consider the class of conservative-dissipative ODE systems, which is a subclass of Lyapunov stable, linear time-invariant ODE systems. We characterize asymptotically stable, conservative-dissipative ODE systems via the hypocoercivity (theory) of their system matrices. Our main result is a concise characterization of the hypocoercivity index (an algebraic structural property of matrices with positive semi-definite Hermitian part introduced in Achleitner, Arnold, and Carlen (2018)) in terms of the short time behavior of the propagator norm for the associated conservative-dissipative ODE system.
Efficient kinetic Lattice Boltzmann simulation of three-dimensional Hall-MHD Turbulence
Creators: name: Foldes, Raffaello
name: Lévêque, Emmanuel
name: Marino, Raffaele
name: Pietropaolo, Ermanno
name: De Rosis, Alessandro
name: Telloni, Daniele
name: Feraco, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating plasmas in the Hall-MagnetoHydroDynamics (Hall-MHD) regime represents a valuable {approach for the investigation of} complex non-linear dynamics developing in astrophysical {frameworks} and {fusion machines}. Taking into account the Hall electric field is {computationally very challenging as} it involves {the integration of} an additional term, proportional to $\bNabla \times ((\bNabla\times\mathbf{B})\times \mathbf{B})$ in the Faraday's induction {law}. {The latter feeds back on} the magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$ at small scales (between the ion and electron inertial scales), {requiring} very high resolution{s} in both space and time {in order to properly describe its dynamics.} The computational {advantage provided by the} kinetic Lattice Boltzmann (LB) approach is {exploited here to develop a new} code, the \textbf{\textsc{F}}ast \textbf{\textsc{L}}attice-Boltzmann \textbf{\textsc{A}}lgorithm for \textbf{\textsc{M}}hd \textbf{\textsc{E}}xperiments (\textsc{flame}). The \textsc{flame} code integrates the plasma dynamics in lattice units coupling two kinetic schemes, one for the fluid protons (including the Lorentz force), the other to solve the induction equation describing the evolution of the magnetic field. Here, the newly developed algorithm is tested against an analytical wave-solution of the dissipative Hall-MHD equations, pointing out its stability and second-order convergence, over a wide range of the control parameters. Spectral properties of the simulated plasma are finally compared with those obtained from numerical solutions from the well-established pseudo-spectral code \textsc{ghost}. Furthermore, the LB simulations we present, varying the Hall parameter, highlightthe transition from the MHD to the Hall-MHD regime, in excellent agreement with the magnetic field spectra measured in the solar wind.
Landscape pattern and car use: Linking household data with satellite imagery
Creators: name: Keller, Rose
name: Vance, Colin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Germany
subject: Landscape pattern
subject: Satellite imagery
subject: Two-part model
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: Landscape pattern has long been hypothesized to influence automobile dependency. Because choices about land development tend to have long-lasting impacts that span over decades, understanding the magnitude of this influence is critical to the design of policies to reduce emissions and other negative externalities associated with car use. Combining household survey data from Germany with satellite imagery and other geo-referenced data sources, we undertake an econometric analysis of the relation between landscape pattern and automobile dependency. Specifically, we employ a two-part model to investigate two dimensions of car use, the discrete decision to own a car and, conditional upon ownership, the continuous decision of how far to drive. Results indicate that landscape pattern, as captured by measures of both land cover (e.g. the extent of open space and landscape diversity) and land use (e.g. the density of regional businesses) are important predictors of car ownership and use. Other policy-relevant variables, such as fuel prices and public transit infrastructure, are also identified as correlates. Based on the magnitude of our estimates, we conclude that carefully considered land development and zoning measures – ones that encourage dense development, diverse land cover and mixed land use – can have beneficial impacts in reducing car dependency that extend far into the future.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB 823;32/2013
Fully pseudospectral solution of the conformally invariant wave equation near the cylinder at spacelike infinity. II: Schwarzschild background
Creators: name: Frauendiener, Jörg
name: Hennig, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been demonstrated (Class. Quantum Grav. 31, 085010, 2014) that the conformally invariant wave equation on a Minkowski background can be solved with a fully pseudospectral numerical method. In particular, it is possible to include spacelike infinity into the numerical domain, which is appropriately represented as a cylinder, and highly accurate numerical solutions can be obtained with a moderate number of gridpoints. In this paper, we generalise these considerations to the spherically-symmetric wave equation on a Schwarzschild background. In the Minkowski case, a logarithmic singularity at the future boundary is present at leading order, which can easily be removed to obtain completely regular solutions. An important new feature of the Schwarzschild background is that the corresponding solutions develop logarithmic singularities at infinitely many orders. This behaviour seems to be characteristic for massive space-times. In this sense this work is indicative of properties of the solutions of the Einstein equations near spatial infinity. The use of fully pseudospectral methods allows us to still obtain very accurate numerical solutions, and the convergence properties of the spectral approximations reveal details about the singular nature of the solutions on spacelike and null infinity. These results seem to be impossible to achieve with other current numerical methods. Moreover, we describe how to impose conditions on the asymptotic behaviour of initial data so that the leading-order logarithmic terms are avoided, which further improves the numerical accuracy.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
Current developments in toxicological research on arsenic
Creators: name: Bolt, Hermann M.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: arsenic
subject: history
subject: research focus
subject: toxicology
subject: 610

description: There is a plethora of recent publications on all aspects relevant to the toxicology of arsenic (As). Over centuries exposures to arsenic continue to be a major public health problem in many countries. In particular, the occurrence of high As concentrations in groundwater of Southeast Asia receives now much attention. Therefore, arsenic is a high-priority matter for toxicological research. Key exposure to As are (traditional) medicines, combustion of As-rich coal, presence of As in groundwater, and pollution due to mining activities. As-induced cardiovascular disorders and carcinogenesis present themselves as a major research focus. The high priority of this issue is now recognized politically in a number of countries, research funds have been made available. Also experimental research on toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and on modes of toxic action is moving very rapidly. The matter is of high regulatory concern, and effective preventive measures are required in a number of countries.
description: EXCLI Journal ; Vol. 12, 2013
Detection of new pulsars at the frequency 111 MHz
Creators: name: Tyul'bashev, S. A.
name: Tyul'bashev, V. S.
name: Oreshko, V. V.
name: Logvinenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pulsar search was started at the radio telescope LPA LPI at the frequency 111~MHz. The first results deals of a search for right ascension $0^h - 24^h$ and declinations $+21^{\circ} - +42^{\circ}$ are presented in paper. The data with sampling 100 ms and with 6 frequency channals was used. It were found 34 pulsars. Seventeen of them previously been observed at radio telescope LPA LPI, and ten known pulsars has not previously been observed. It were found 7 new pulsars.
description: published in Astronomy Report, translated by Yandex translator with correction of scientific lexis, 7 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables
Additional file 2 of Parental coping with uncertainties along the severe combined immunodeficiency journey
Creators: name: Kutsa, Oksana
name: Andrews, Sara M.
name: Mallonee, Erin
name: Gwaltney, Angela
name: Creamer, Alissa
name: Han, Paul K. J.
name: Raspa, Melissa
name: Biesecker, Barbara B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Coping Codebook.
Islamic Banking: Prospects, Opportunities and Challenges in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Muhumed, Mohamed
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2012

description: While Sharia compliant investment avenues are now becoming available in most countries, in Ethiopia, most of the developments1 of Islamic finance have taken place in the last four years2. This study presents new evidence on awareness, prospects, challenges and opportunities of Islamic banking in Ethiopia that are actually consistent with what Islamic Banking literature has revealed about the operations of Islamic banking elsewhere. To do so, descriptive research design of cross-sectional survey method which is be observational in its nature is used to realize the objectives of the study. To be specific, the analysis suggests that there is low level of awareness about the operations of Islamic banking while respondents with different background has shown statistically significant variance in terms of awareness, gross misunderstanding and widely held long standing misconceptions about Islamic banking operations. In addition, respondent's prospects assessment score with regard to the operations of Islamic banking is high and higher than average expected score while respondents with different background has shown significant variance in terms of their assessment. Moreover, lack of awareness, regulatory and supervisory challenges, institutional challenges, lack of support and link institutions, gap in research and development in Islamic studies as, lack of qualified human resource as well as wrongful association with specific religion and the global terrorism movements in recent times has been reported as one of the major problems facing Islamic banking in Ethiopia. Key Words: Islamic banking, awareness, understanding, prospects, challenges 1 However, limited, simple, uncomplicated and relatively uncompetitive products offered by few commercial banks, did not, cater for the wider Muslim consumers and the existence of full set of Sharia-compliant financial products in the Ethiopian financial industry is yet something to be seenI.e the Special Demand Deposit offered by the commercial bank of Ethiopia (CBE) and the Amanah (or Safe- 2 After the 2008 "Banking Regulation and Supervision Proclamation" has been passed. National Bank of Ethiopia (NBE) has only allowed for the "Existing banks" to provide "interest-free banking windows" while killing the long awaited hope for full-fledged Islamic banking.
Constantin von Deschwanden-Segesser (1805-1891) an Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866), mit Beilage
Creators: name: Deschwanden-Segesser, Constantin von
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1839

description: Brief aus Stans.
Beilage: Gedicht, gerichtet an Karl von Deschwanden, Bruder von Jos. Wolfgang
Stochastic Thermodynamics of Learning
Creators: name: Goldt, Sebastian
name: Seifert, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virtually every organism gathers information about its noisy environment and builds models from that data, mostly using neural networks. Here, we use stochastic thermodynamics to analyse the learning of a classification rule by a neural network. We show that the information acquired by the network is bounded by the thermodynamic cost of learning and introduce a learning efficiency $η\le1$. We discuss the conditions for optimal learning and analyse Hebbian learning in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 7 pages of supplemental material
On the complexity of quantum partition functions
Creators: name: Bravyi, Sergey
name: Chowdhury, Anirban
name: Gosset, David
name: Wocjan, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The partition function and free energy of a quantum many-body system determine its physical properties in thermal equilibrium. Here we study the computational complexity of approximating these quantities for $n$-qubit local Hamiltonians. First, we report a classical algorithm with $\mathrm{poly}(n)$ runtime which approximates the free energy of a given $2$-local Hamiltonian provided that it satisfies a certain denseness condition. Our algorithm combines the variational characterization of the free energy and convex relaxation methods. It contributes to a body of work on efficient approximation algorithms for dense instances of optimization problems which are hard in the general case, and can be viewed as simultaneously extending existing algorithms for (a) the ground energy of dense $2$-local Hamiltonians, and (b) the free energy of dense classical Ising models. Secondly, we establish polynomial-time equivalence between the problem of approximating the free energy of local Hamiltonians and three other natural quantum approximate counting problems, including the problem of approximating the number of witness states accepted by a QMA verifier. These results suggest that simulation of quantum many-body systems in thermal equilibrium may precisely capture the complexity of a broad family of computational problems that has yet to be defined or characterized in terms of known complexity classes. Finally, we summarize state-of-the-art classical and quantum algorithms for approximating the free energy and show how to improve their runtime and memory footprint.
description: 48 pages, 1 figure; v2 fixes a bug in the proof of Theorem 7. This was already fixed in the published version
Increased material differentiation through multi-contrast x-ray imaging: a preliminary evaluation of potential applications to the detection of threat materials
Creators: name: Astolfo, A.
name: Haig, I. G.
name: Bate, D.
name: Olivo, A.
name: Modregger, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most material discrimination in security inspections is based on dual-energy x-ray imaging, which enables the determination of a material's effective atomic number (Zeff) as well as electron density and its consequent classification as organic or inorganic. Recently phase-based "dark-field" x-ray imaging approaches have emerged that are sensitive to complementary features of a material, namely its unresolved microstructure. It can therefore be speculated that their inclusion in the security-based imaging could enhance material discrimination, for example of materials with similar electron densities and Z eff but different microstructures. In this paper, we present a preliminary evaluation of the advantages that such a combination could bear. Utilising an energy-resolved detector for a phase-based dark-field technique provides dual-energy attenuation and dark-field images simultaneously. In addition, since we use a method based on attenuating x-ray masks to generate the dark-field images, a fifth (attenuation) image at a much higher photon energy is obtained by exploiting the x-rays transmitted through the highly absorbing mask septa. In a first test, a threat material is imaged against a non-threat one, and we show how their discrimination based on maximising their relative contrast through linear combinations of two and five imaging channels leads to an improvement in the latter case. We then present a second example to show how the method can be extended to discrimination against more than one non-threat material, obtaining similar results. Albeit admittedly preliminary, these results indicate that significant margins of improvement in material discrimination are available by including additional x-ray contrasts in the scanning process.
Debiasing Neighbor Aggregation for Graph Neural Network in Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Kim, Minseok
name: Oh, Jinoh
name: Do, Jaeyoung
name: Lee, Sungjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph neural networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in recommender systems by representing users and items based on their historical interactions. However, little attention was paid to GNN's vulnerability to exposure bias: users are exposed to a limited number of items so that a system only learns a biased view of user preference to result in suboptimal recommendation quality. Although inverse propensity weighting is known to recognize and alleviate exposure bias, it usually works on the final objective with the model outputs, whereas GNN can also be biased during neighbor aggregation. In this paper, we propose a simple but effective approach, neighbor aggregation via inverse propensity (Navip) for GNNs. Specifically, given a user-item bipartite graph, we first derive propensity score of each user-item interaction in the graph. Then, inverse of the propensity score with Laplacian normalization is applied to debias neighbor aggregation from exposure bias. We validate the effectiveness of our approach through our extensive experiments on two public and Amazon Alexa datasets where the performance enhances up to 14.2%.
Why do some insurers become systemically relevant?
Creators: name: Mühlnickel, Janina
name: Weiß, Gregor N.F.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: financial crises
subject: insurance industry
subject: systemic risk
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: Are some insurers relevant for the stability of the financial system? And if yes, what firm fundamentals and aspects of insurers’ business models cause them to destabilize an entire financial sector? We find that several insurers did indeed contribute significantly to the instability of the U.S. financial sector during the recent financial crisis. We empirically confirm that insurers that were most exposed to systemic risk were larger, relied more heavily on non-policyholder liabilities and had higher ratios of investment income to net revenues on average. Contrary to current conjectures of insurance regulators, we find that the contribution of insurers to systemic risk is only driven by insurer size.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB 823;26/2013
User Cooperation for Enhanced Throughput Fairness in Wireless Powered Communication Networks
Creators: name: Zhong, Mingquan
name: Bi, Suzhi
name: Lin, Xiaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies a novel user cooperation method in a wireless powered communication network (WPCN), where a pair of distributed terminal users first harvest wireless energy broadcasted by one energy node (EN) and then use the harvested energy to transmit information cooperatively to a destination node (DN). In particular, the two cooperating users exchange their independent information with each other to form a virtual antenna array and transmit jointly to the DN. By allowing each user to allocate part of its harvested energy to transmit the other's information, the proposed cooperation can effectively mitigate the user unfairness problem in WPCNs, where a user may suffer from very low data rate due to the poor energy harvesting performance and high data transmission consumptions. We derive the maximum common throughput achieved by the cooperation scheme through optimizing the time allocation on wireless energy transfer, user message exchange, and joint information transmissions. Through comparing with some representative benchmark schemes, our results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed user cooperation in enhancing the throughput performance under different setups.
description: This paper has been accepted by the IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT), Thessaloniki, Greece, May 16-18, 2016
Magneto-optical properties of II-VI semiconductor colloidal nanostructures
Creators: name: Liu, Feng
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Colloidal nanocrystals
subject: Förster resonant energy transfer
subject: g-factor
subject: Nanoplatelets
subject: Semiconductor physics
subject: Spin dynamics
subject: 530

description: Recently, colloidal nanocrystals attract much attention due to their importance in fundamental research on zero-dimensional structures and great potential in a variety of practical applications. The aim of this research is to investigate fundamental properties of a variety of colloidal nanostructures and explore new interesting phenomena in these colloidal nanostructures. By means of magneto-optical experimental techniques, g-factor, spin dynamics and fine structure of the exciton complex in three types of colloidal nanostructures, including core/shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals, Thoil-capped CdTe NCs and CdSe-based colloidal platelets, were characterized at cryogenic temperatures and in high magnetic fields. A long spin relaxation time was observed in thick-shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals and mechanisms responsible for different behaviours of exciton spin dynamics observed in thick-shell CdSe/CdS NCs and CdTe NCs were discussed. Additionally, it was found that the Förster resonant energy transfer in ensembles of CdTe colloidal NCs could be enhanced by magnetic field and temperature. Finally, we characterized two types of CdSe-based colloidal platelets which show much smaller bright-dark splitting energy of excitons compared with that in CdSe NCs with similar diameter. This can be explained by the strong decrease of the electron-hole exchange interaction resulting from the reduction of the electron-hole wavefunction overlap in colloidal platelet structures.
Asteroseismic properties of solar-type stars observed with the NASA K2 mission: results from Campaigns 1-3 and prospects for future observations
Creators: name: Lund, Mikkel N.
name: Chaplin, William J.
name: Casagrande, Luca
name: Aguirre, Víctor Silva
name: Basu, Sarbani
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
name: Latham, David W.
name: White, Timothy R.
name: Davies, Guy R.
name: Huber, Daniel
name: Buchhave, Lars A.
name: Handberg, Rasmus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an asteroseismic analysis of 33 solar-type stars observed in short cadence during Campaigns (C) 1-3 of the NASA K2 mission. We were able to extract both average seismic parameters and individual mode frequencies for stars with dominant frequencies up to ~3300μHz, and we find that data for some targets are good enough to allow for a measurement of the rotational splitting. Modelling of the extracted parameters is performed by using grid-based methods using average parameters and individual frequencies together with spectroscopic parameters. For the target selection in C3, stars were chosen as in C1 and C2 to cover a wide range in parameter space to better understand the performance and noise characteristics. For C3 we still detected oscillations in 73% of the observed stars that we proposed. Future K2 campaigns hold great promise for the study of nearby clusters and the chemical evolution and age-metallicity relation of nearby field stars in the solar neighbourhood. We expect oscillations to be detected in ~388 short-cadence targets if the K2 mission continues until C18, which will greatly complement the ~500 detections of solar-like oscillations made for short-cadence targets during the nominal Kepler mission. For ~30-40 of these, including several members of the Hyades open cluster, we furthermore expect that inference from interferometry should be possible.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables; accepted for publication in PASP
The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors of Motivation towards Organizational Commitment in Private Colleges - A Case Study of Two Selected Private Colleges in Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Ayenew, Berhan
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2007

description: Private higher education is a rapidly expanding part of Ethiopia's higher education system. Investment in private higher institutions by Ethiopian entrepreneurs is continued to grow, but little is known about their organization and management in general, or the nature of work factors and employees commitment in particular. This study examines the impact of intrinsic, extrinsic, and equity factors of work on employee's organizational commitment in two selected private colleges in Addis Ababa. The finding shows that instructors in private colleges were satisfied with intrinsic factors of work such as opportunity for achievement, challenging work, responsibility, and opportunity for growth and development. On the other hand, instructors were generally dissatisfied with extrinsic content of work such as salary, fringe benefits, incentives, job security, opportunity for training, and post employment security. Moreover, there was also structural inequity which is a perception of employees that they are required to do too much work for small pay. Consequently, employees were not committed to their organization which implies the availability of high turnover and lower performance. To build a viable work force for the success of the colleges and industrial peace, the colleges should invest in the long term goal of their employees and learn to balance their interest to earn a higher profit with those of their employees.
Joint State and Input Estimation of Agent Based on Recursive Kalman Filter Given Prior Knowledge
Creators: name: Wu, Zida
name: Zheng, Zhaoliang
name: Mehta, Ankur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Modern autonomous systems are purposed for many challenging scenarios, where agents will face unexpected events and complicated tasks. The presence of disturbance noise with control command and unknown inputs can negatively impact robot performance. Previous research of joint input and state estimation separately studied the continuous and discrete cases without any prior information. This paper combines the continuous and discrete input cases into a unified theory based on the Expectation-Maximum (EM) algorithm. By introducing prior knowledge of events as the constraint, inequality optimization problems are formulated to determine a gain matrix or dynamic weights to realize an optimal input estimation with lower variance and more accurate decision-making. Finally, statistical results from experiments show that our algorithm owns 81\% improvement of the variance than KF and 47\% improvement than RKF in continuous space; a remarkable improvement of right decision-making probability of our input estimator in discrete space, identification ability is also analyzed by experiments.
Urban topographies : a studio investigation
Creators: name: Herring, Megan .
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
title: Separating introduction effects from selectivity effects
title: The differences in employment patterns of co-determined firms
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Gralla, Rafael
name: Kraft, Kornelius
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: difference -in- differences
subject: dismissals
subject: employment growth
subject: hires
subject: works councils
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: This study examines differences in employment growth between firms with and without works councils by separating introduction effects from potential selectivity effects. Using a difference in differences framework, we show that firms with works councils have higher employment growth before establishing a works council. However, employment growth declines after introduction. We identify the reason for lower employment growth in reduced hiring rates but constant dismissal rates.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB 823;43/2011
Additional file 1 of Smartphone-RCCT: an online repository of randomized controlled clinical trials of smartphone applications for chronic conditions
Creators: name: Barth, Jürgen
name: Wang, Jiani
name: Lopez-Alcalde, Jesus
name: Kramm, Christoph
name: Pach, Daniel
name: Álvarez-Díaz, Noelia
name: Grifol-Clar, Eulàlia
name: Witt, Claudia M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Additional file 1. Chronic health conditions