Lathrobium pacei Piva 1995
Creators: name: Staniec, Bernard
name: Bordoni, Arnaldo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Lathrobium
Lathrobium pacei

description: Lathrobium pacei Piva, 1995
Body elongate, moderately flattened, relatively slightly sclerotized; head (1.2×) wider than pronotum (Figs 3, 6, 9). Colour: head yellow; mandibles brown; pronotum pale yellow with barely visible darker posterior edge; antennae, maxillae, labium, legs, urogomphi and remaining parts of body colourless. Setae as in Fig. 89 and similar to those illustrated in Figs 86–88, 90.
Head (Figs 12, 17): semi-triangular in outline, widening distinctly from neck to anterior margin, broadest between stemmata, width ratio of neck and head between stemmata = 1:3.6; moderately flattened dorso-ventrally, about 1.2× as wide (between stemmata) as long; dorsal ecdysial lines (Es) bifurcate at about 0.4× length of head measured from anterior margin of nasale; stemmata present, ordered as in Fig. 14. Epicranial part (E) (Fig. 12) with 6 pairs of long setae (coded: Ed1–3, El1, Em2–3), a pair of glands (Gl) and a pair of pores (C1). Chaetotaxy of ventral side with 8 setae (2[V1, Vl1-3]) and 2 pairs of pores 2(C1–2). Apotome (Ap) not reaching tentorial pits (Tp) (Figs 17, 20). Gular region as in Fig. 23. Functional position of nasale (Na), antennae (At), mandibles (Md), maxillae (Mx), maxillary palps (Mp), labial palps (Lp) and ligula (Lg) as in Fig. 91. Antenna (Figs 28, 29): length ratios of articles I–IV = 1:3.9:3.8:2.0. Article I almost 1.2× as wide as long; article II 4.3× as long as wide, with 4 pores; article III 4.7× as long as wide, with 3 macro setae, one strongly elongate, almost dagger-shaped sensory appendage (Sa), 6.2× as long as wide, growing from basal protuberance, 3 solenidia (IIIS1–3) of different lengths, and 1 pore (Figs 28, 29); article IV moderately elongate, gradually widening to apex, 4.4× as long as wide, solenidia apically (IVS1–4) as in Fig. 29; length ratio of article IV and Sa: 1.1:1 (Fig. 29). Anterior margin of nasale with 9 teeth (Figs 34, 35)—one big median (Mt) rounded anteriorly (Fig. 35) and serrate, a pair of high paramedian (Pmt) and three pairs of lateral ones (Lt1–3) (Figs 34, 93); Lt1 tiny, almost invisible, Lt3 indistinctly pointing outwards, the others forwards, height ratio Mt and Pmt = 1:1.2; width ratio Mt and Pmt = 1.1:1; setae of Ps1–4 nodular or peg-like (Figs 34, 96). Adoral surface of nasale (epipharynx) (Fig. 40) with two transverse rows: one with over 100 long cuticular processes (Acp) along anterior margin of buccal cavity (Bc), the other with about 40 short cuticular processes (Pcp) along posterior margin of buccal cavity; pharynx (Ph) with a pair of sensilla (Sm); anterior region with distinct, reticulate microstructure (Fig. 41).
Mandible (Figs 46, 46A, 46B, 100, 101) falciform, strongly elongate and narrow, moderately elongate and narrow, inner margin without any teeth; base with a group of cuticular processes (Fig. 98). Maxilla (Figs 50, 54): length ratio of cardo (Cd) and stipes (Stp) = 1:1.3; cardo 1.2× as long as wide; stipes 2.2× as long as wide; mala (Ma) elongate, tapering moderately to apex, 4.6× as long as wide, with 6 long setae, 1 tiny and 1 robust apical sensory appendage, and 2 pores basally (Fig. 54). Maxillary palp (Pm): ratios of articles I–III = 1:1.5:2.5; article I slightly shorter than mala, 3.0× as long as wide with 2 pores apically; article II 5.1× as long as wide, widening moderately to apex, seta 1 longer than seta 2, seta 2 located closer to top than to base; article III 11.8× as long as wide with 1 digitiform sensory appendage basally and a bunch of a few elongate sensory appendages apically (Fig. 50).
Labium (Figs 57): dorsal side of labium (hypopharynx) slightly sclerotized laterally, central and basal portion membranous, microtrichia forming relatively wide band just reaching posterior margin (Fig. 57). Ventral side of labium with trapezoidal prementum (Pmnt), in outline 1.2× wider anteriorly than at base (Fig. 60); ligula (Lg) with long thick microtrichia, about 2.6× as long as wide, clearly separated from Pmnt by distinctly sclerotized transversal strip (St); length ratio Lg and article I of labial palp (Lp): 1:1.3. Labial palps (Fig. 63): article I 4.7× as long as wide, more or less straight; article II slightly arcuate, 5.7× as long as wide, with a bunch of a few sensory appendages apically and 1 pore near apex; length ratio of articles I and II = 1.6:1.
Thorax. Fore leg (Fig. 71): length ratios of Cx, Tr, Fe, Tb, Tu = 5.3:1.9:5.9:5.1:1; Cx 3.6× as long as wide; Tr 2.7× as long as wide; Fe 7.2× as long as wide with about 45 spinose setae (about 20 tiny dorsally) and a few pores; Tb 13.0× as long as wide with about 30 setae (27 long); apical section of Tu slightly curved, relatively long, 6.5× as long as wide, setae (coded 1, 2) unequal in length, seta 1 2.1× longer than seta 2 (Fig. 72). Mid leg (only differences compared to the first pair) (Fig. 73): length ratios of Cx, Tr, Fe, Tb, Tu = 5.1:1.8:5.6:6.2:1; Cx 2.9× as long as wide; Tr 2.5× as long as wide with 8 setae and a few pores; Fe 7.6× as long as wide with about 45 spinose setae (about 20 tiny dorsally); Tb 13.9× as long as wide with about 30 setae (27 long); apical section of Tu slightly curved, relatively long, 6.7× as long as wide, setae (coded 1, 2) unequal in length, seta 1 1.9× longer than seta 2 (Fig. 74). Sternum with chaetotaxy as in Fig. 78.
L. alzonai, L. freyi and L. pacei the following chaetotaxy are shared: pronotum with 22 setae - 2(A1–2, L1, L3, L6, L10, Da2, Db1–2, P2, P4), 16 pores -2(Ap1–2, Dp1–2,Pp1–4) (Fig 75); tergite III (the same as in the case of segment II) with 20 coded setae - 2(A1–4, Da2, Db2, L6, L10, P2, P4), 20 tiny uncoded setae and 6 pores - 2(Ap1–2, Pp1) (Fig. 79); abdominal tergites I-VIII each with 10 coded setae - 2(A1, A3–4, P2, P4), 8–12 tiny uncoded setae, 0–4 pores - 2(Pp1, Pp2) and a pair of tergal galds (Tg)—in abdominal segments I and VIII only (Figs 79–81); dorsal side of abdominal segment X with 6 long, 6 tiny setae and a pair pores (Fig. 81); abdominal sternite I with 10 tiny setae - 2(A3, A4, Da2, Db2, P3) and abdominal sternites II–IX with 24 setae (Figs 82, 83); ventral side of abdominal segment X with 20–22 setae (10 long); segment I of urogomphus (Ug) with 15 setae (7 long), segment II with 2 setae (1 long apically); length ratio of segments I, II, and apical seta of Ug: 6.1:1:2.4 (L. alzonai) and 4.1:1:2.6 (L. pacei) (Figs 84, 85). The region between pro- and mesothorax, and abdominal segments I–VIII, each with a pair of circular spiracle (Sp) (Fig. 108).
description: Published as part of Staniec, Bernard & Bordoni, Arnaldo, 2022, Comparative larval ultramorphology of three endemic Lathrobium (Glyptomerus) species (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Eastern Alps in Italy, pp. 206-230 in Zootaxa 5175 (2) on pages 221-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5175.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7003475