Cladonia chlorophaea Spreng. 1827
Creators: name: Yánez-Ayabaca, A.
name: Ahti, T.
name: Bungartz, F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Cladoniaceae
Cladonia
Cladonia chlorophaea

description: <i>Cladonia chlorophaea</i> (Flörke ex Sommerf.) Spreng. (1827: 273) (Figs. 2e–f) <i>Primary thallus</i> persistent, of small, compact squamules that easily erode and in some specimens remain only as a few corticate granules, rarely eroding into ecorticate soredia, epruinose; <i>podetia</i> common, grayish green, short; 0.5–1 (1.5) cm tall, always broadly scyphose and shaped like a cone, i.e., gradually narrowing towards their base; scyphi predominantly simple, very rarely proliferating; <i>surface</i> corticate only at the base, soon becoming completely decorticated; densely sorediate-granulose, the soredia generally of uniform size along the entire surface of the podetium; scyphus rarely with few corticate granules inside; old podetia commonly with large denuded areas lacking soredia; <i>pycnidia</i> hyaline; <i>apothecia</i> not seen. <i>Spot tests and chemistry</i>: P+ orange red, K−, C−, KC−, UV−; fumarprotocetraric acid. <i>Distribution and ecology</i>: Newly reported from the Galapagos Islands. Known from Floreana, Isabela, Pinzón, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, and Santiago Island; a common species in the humid and transition zone, rarely also in the dry zone; typically on the ground, often on plant debris or rotten wood. <i>Notes</i>: The species can be identified by its abundant, granulose soredia of a more or less uniform size across its podetial surface. <i>Cladonia subsquamosa</i> is very similar but generally has farinose soredia of less uniform size interspersed with granules and microsquamules. At first glance the species also resembles <i>C. pyxidata</i>, which, however, generally has broader scyphi with a corticate surface disintegrating into corticate granules, not forming ecorticate soredia. <i>Selected specimens examined</i>: ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS: <b>Floreana Island</b>, Cerro Alieri, 1°17'18"S, 90°26'60"W, 380 m, zona húmeda, rama de <i>Macraea laricifolia</i>, sobre corteza, 27 Mar 2006, <i>Simbaña, W. 572</i> (CDS 32407), caldera of Cerro Pajas, trail at the end of road leading up to crater rim, 1°17'54.29"S, 90°27'22.5"W, humid zone, forest, on soil, 2 Jan 2010, <i>Hillmann, G. GAL-61</i> (CDS 44839). <b>Isabela Island, Volcán Alcedo</b>, in the crater near fumaroles, 0°27'1"S, 91°7'19"W, 780 m, transition zone, on rock, 7 Mar 2006, <i>Aptroot, A. 64790</i> (CDS 31365); <b>Volcán Cerro Azul</b>, S slope above Iguana Cove, crater on SE-slope, 800 m, humid zone, vegetation dominated by ferns and mosses, 22 June 1976, <i>Sipman, H.J.M. L-56</i> (COLO 297904); <b>Volcán Darwin</b>, southwestern slope, above Tagus Cove, 0°13'27"S, 91°19'19.5"W, 874 m, transition zone, on soil and plant debris, 15 Nov 2007, <i>Bungartz, F. 7727</i> (CDS 38231), southwestern slope, above Tagus Cove, 0°13'11.4"S, 91°19'14.1"W, 955 m, transition zone, on soil, 14 Nov 2007, <i>Bungartz, F. 7624</i> (CDS 38126); <b>Volcán Sierra Negra</b>, El Mango, on the E-side of the dirt road, 0°53'1.7"S, 91°0'50.8"W, 162 m, transition zone, on soil, 15 Aug 2008, <i>Bungartz, F. 8222</i> (CDS 40868); <b>Volcán Alcedo</b>, on the crater rim near the hut, 0°26'33"S, 91°5'31"W, 1100 m, humid zone, on rock, 3 July 2006, <i>Aptroot, A. 65255</i> (CDS 31841). <b>Pinzón Island</b>, along the trail going up from Playa Escondida, N- to W-facing cliff above a crater, 0°36'29"S, 90°40'14"W, 318 m, transition zone, on rock, 16 Feb 2006, <i>Bungartz, F. 3659</i> (CDS 27477). <b>San Cristóbal Island</b>, rim of crater to the NW of Media Luna, inland from the NW-coast, 0°43'51"S, 89°18'55"W, 149 m, transition zone, on rock, 22 Apr 2007, <i>Bungartz, F. 6304</i> (CDS 34516). <b>Santa Cruz Island</b>, at base of barranco on old trail, 20 m, dry zone, on rock, 11 Apr 1976, <i>Weber, W.A.</i> (CDS 10807, QCA), trail from above Mina Granillo Rojo, leading south towards Cerro Crocker, 0°37'45.79"S, 90°22'0.4"W, 682 m, humid zone, on soil, 29 May 2008, <i>Bungartz, F. 8001</i> (CDS 39036), above Mina Granillo Rojo, on the N-side of the island, 0°37'7.5"S, 90°21'55.5"W, 607 m, transition zone, on rock, 8 July 2008, <i>Clerc, P. 08-43</i> (CDS 39897). <b>Santiago Island</b>, summit of Cerro Gavilán, inner N- and NE-exposed crater rim, 0°12'20"S, 90°47'3"W, 840 m, humid zone, on rock, 23 Mar 2006, <i>Aptroot, A. 65693</i> (CDS 32285).
description: Published as part of <i>Yánez-Ayabaca, A., Ahti, T. &amp; Bungartz, F., 2013, The Family Cladoniaceae (Lecanorales) in the Galapagos Islands, pp. 1-33 in Phytotaxa 129 (1)</i> on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5085561