cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Violating conformal invariance: Two-dimensional clusters grafted to wedges, cones, and branch points of Riemann surfaces
Creators: name: Hsu, Hsiao-Ping
name: Nadler, Walter
name: Grassberger, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simulations of 2-d site animals on square and triangular lattices in non-trivial geomeLattice animals are one of the few critical models in statistical mechanics violating conformal invariance. We present here simulations of 2-d site animals on square and triangular lattices in non-trivial geometries. The simulations are done with the newly developed PERM algorithm which gives very precise estimates of the partition sum, yielding precise values for the entropic exponent $θ$ ($Z_N \sim μ^N N^{-θ}$). In particular, we studied animals grafted to the tips of wedges with a wide range of angles $α$, to the tips of cones (wedges with the sides glued together), and to branching points of Riemann surfaces. The latter can either have $k$ sheets and no boundary, generalizing in this way cones to angles $α> 360$ degrees, or can have boundaries, generalizing wedges. We find conformal invariance behavior, $θ\sim 1/α$, only for small angles ($α\ll 2π$), while $θ\approx const -α/2π$ for $α\gg 2π$. These scalings hold both for wedges and cones. A heuristic (non-conformal) argument for the behavior at large $α$ is given, and comparison is made with critical percolation.
description: 4 pages, includes 3 figures
Grain marketing parastatals in Asia: Why do they have to change now?
Creators: name: Rashid, Shahidur
name: Cummings, Ralph
name: Gulati, Ashok
name: Rashid, Shahidur
name: Cummings, Ralph
name: Gulati, Ashok
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food marketing parastatals
subject: Agricultural price policy
subject: Rice and wheat markets

description: Using case studies from six Asian countries, this paper (a) assesses the relevance of underlying rationales for public intervention in foodgrain markets, (b) documents the existing policies and regulations that support operation of grain parastatals, (c) provides estimates of benefits and costs of parastatals, and (d) compares experiences of countries that liberalized (or reduced intervention) with the ones that continue to have significant presence of parastatals. Our results suggest that conditions in the region have improved significantly over the past thirty years; and none of the four commonly agreed rationales—that is, poorly integrated domestic markets, thin and volatile world market, promoting modern technology and the scarcity of foreign exchange reserves—for public intervention in foodgrain markets are now persuasive. Domestic foodgrain markets are integrated, international markets for both wheat and rice are significantly more robust than they were thirty years ago, High-Yielding Varieties (HYV) now cover practically all of the high potential area sown to wheat and rice; and foreign currency reserves have increased dramatically in all countries in recent years. However, although rationales have lost their significance, many countries continue to practice old policies and provide regulatory supports to parastatals, including monopoly control over international trade, preferential access to transportation, restrictions on movement of foodgrains, and cheap or interest-free credit. Relative to the private sector, the costs of the grain parastatals have been high and are increasing, as special interests and rent- seeking are increasingly dictating their operation. This is being manifested in various forms, such as excessive public stocks in India, vacillating import policies in Indonesia and Pakistan, questionable government foodgrain import decisions in the Philippines, and politically-determined ceiling and floor prices in India. On the other hand, the experiences of Bangladesh and Vietnam, both of which have implemented extensive reforms over the last fifteen years, suggest that reduced government intervention can promote competition in the domestic markets, reduce subsidies, and release funds for development and anti-poverty programs without jeopardizing price stability. The paper concludes that reforms are overdue and the delay in changing the old ways of doing price stabilization will be increasingly wasteful.
Pentaquarks $uudd\bar q$ with One Color Sextet Diquark
Creators: name: Semay, C.
name: Brau, F.
name: Silvestre-Brac, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of pentaquarks $uudd\bar s$ are calculated within the framework of a semirelativistic effective QCD Hamiltonian, using a diquark picture. This approximation allows a correct treatment of the confinement, assumed here to be similar to a Y-junction. With only color antitriplet diquarks, the mass of the pentaquark candidate $Θ$ with positive parity is found around 2.2 GeV. It is shown that, if a color sextet diquark is present, the lowest $uudd\bar s$ pentaquark is characterized by a much smaller mass with a negative parity. A mass below 1.7 GeV is computed, if the masses of the color antitriplet and color sextet diquarks are taken similar.
Additional file 1 of Biosurfactant from vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 as a promising agent to interfere with Candida adhesion
Creators: name: Gregorio, Priscilla Romina De
name: Parolin, Carola
name: Abruzzo, Angela
name: Luppi, Barbara
name: Protti, Michele
name: Mercolini, Laura
name: Silva, Jessica Alejandra
name: Giordani, Barbara
name: Marangoni, Antonella
name: Nader-Macías, María Elena Fátima
name: Vitali, Beatrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Effect of biosurfactant (BS) from L. crispatus BC1 on murine vaginal cytology, histology and microbiota. Photographs of (a) May Grunwald–Giemsa-stained vaginal smears and (b) Hematoxylin–Eosin-stained vaginal slides from BALB/c mice intravaginally (i.va.) inoculated with 20 µL of saline (control mice) or 20 µL of biosurfactant from L. crispatus BC1 (BS, 1.25 mg/mL) (BS-treated mice), for 7 or 14 days. Results are representative of two independent experiments. (c) Viable cells of lactic acid bacteria, enterococci, staphylococci and enterobacteria from murine vaginal washings (v.w.) of the two experimental groups (BS and control) at days 0, 7 and 14 post-BS inoculation. The data are plotted as the mean values of viable cell numbers (Log CFU/mL) ± standard error.
Additional file 1 of Effect of combined G6PD deficiency and diabetes on protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation
Creators: name: Karadsheh, Naif S.
name: Quttaineh, Nisreen A.
name: Karadsheh, Salem N.
name: El-Khateeb, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1
Petrology, volcanology, and diamonds of archean calc-alkaline lamprophyres, Wawa, Ontario, Canada
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Nathalie Suzanne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Atypical diamondiferous polymict volcaniclastic breccias and lamprophyre dikes have been recently discovered within the Wawa subprovince of the Superior craton. These rocks comprise part of a subduction-related volcanic sequence of the Michipicoten greenstone belt. Dated at 2.67 Ga, they are the oldest known primary diamondiferous rocks. Detailed mapping of 9 trenches and 7 outcrops showed that the rocks comprise both dikes and thick continuous units of polymict volcaniclastic breccia. Both are mafic, metamorphosed to greenschist facies and deformed, with little primary magmatic texture preserved. Magmatic predecessors, determined from detailed mineralogical and petrographic observations, are calcalkaline lamprophyres. The only preserved magmatic phenocryst is coarse, oscillatory-zoned edenitic and pargasitic amphibole. The parent magmas may have contained phenocrysts of clinopyroxene and phlogopite, and are similar in bulk composition to that of Abitibi lamprophyres and other Archean calc-alkaline lamprophyres. The breccias are interpreted to be volcaniclastic debris flow deposits based on the stratigraphy, wide range in fragment lithologies (which include pyroclastic material), poor sorting, and paucity of sedimentary structures. The explosive eruption style of the Wawa calcalkaline lamprophyric magma is, however, atypical for lamprophyres. The calc-alkaline lamprophyric magma formed in the mantle at depths of ~150 km in a convergent tectonic regime, thus sampling the cool diamondiferous subducting slab. The magma was emplaced very rapidly ensuring preservation of diamonds during ascent. The Wawa metavolcanic rocks represent the first confirmed occurrence of diamonds in calc-alkaline lamprophyric rocks. The Wawa metavolcanic rocks host a diamond suite dominated by microdiamonds. Eighty diamonds less than 1 mm in one dimension were studied by a variety of mineralogical methods. Morphological studies show that the majority of the diamonds are colourless, weakly resorbed, octahedral single crystals and aggregates. A variety of diamond colours, as well as cubic and cubo-octaheral single crystals and aggregates were also observed. Infrared spectroscopy determined that the diamonds have nitrogen contents ranging from 0 to 740 ppm and two modes of nitrogen aggregation at 0 -30% B and 60-95% B-centers. These states of nitrogen aggregation suggest high (1050 - 1300°C) temperatures of residence in the mantle. The diamonds exhibit a wide range of mineralogical characteristics and therefore must have formed under varying physical and chemical conditions. The morphology and nitrogen characteristics of the Wawa diamonds are comparable to those of xenocrystal cratonic diamonds and are unlike those of orogenic diamonds formed in subduction zones. It is enigmatic that the Wawa diamonds were emplaced into a subducted-related setting but show characteristics typical of xenocrystal cratonic diamonds.
Limits in the characteristic function description of non-Lindblad-type open quantum systems
Creators: name: Maniscalco, Sabrina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I investigate the usability of the characteristic functions for the description of the dynamics of open quantum systems focussing on non-Lindblad-type master equations. I consider, as an example, a non-Markovian generalized master equation containing a memory kernel which may lead to nonphysical time evolutions characterized by negative values of the density matrix diagonal elements [S.M. Barnett and S. Stenholm, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 64}, 033808 (2001)]. The main result of the paper is to demonstrate that there exist situations in which the symmetrically ordered characteristic function is perfectly well defined while the corresponding density matrix loses positivity. Therefore nonphysical situations may not show up in the characteristic function. As a consequence, the characteristic function cannot be considered an {\it alternative complete} description of the non-Lindblad dynamics.
description: Revised version. 4 pages, 1 figure
Distortions to Global Agricultural Markets: What Next?
Creators: name: Anderson, Kym
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural and trade policy reforms
subject: Asia-Pacific region

description: A decline in governmental distortions to agricultural and other trade since the 1980s has contributed to economic growth and poverty alleviation globally. But new modeling results suggest that has taken the world only three-fifths of the way towards freeing merchandise trade, and that farm policies are responsible for 70 percent of the global welfare cost of remaining distortions to goods markets as of 2004. Meanwhile, new drivers are affecting the mean and variance of world prices of farm products, including biofuel mandates and subsidies, climate change mitigation policies and adaptation, water institution and policy developments, difficulties in concluding a multilateral Doha Round agricultural agreement at the WTO, and policies relating to transgenic foods. This paper reviews trends and fluctuations in past distortions to agricultural incentives, speculates on how they might evolve in coming decades alongside other market developments, and draws out implications for Australia.
Farmland Allocation along the Rural-Urban Gradient: The Impacts of Urbanization and Urban Sprawl
Creators: name: Delbecq, Benoit A.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
name: Delbecq, Benoit A.
name: Florax, Raymond J.G.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land use
subject: urban sprawl
subject: agriculture
subject: specialized crops
subject: spatial econometrics

description: In the vicinity of a city, farmers are confronted with increasing agricultural land prices and rents along the rural-urban gradient, but they concurrently enjoy the advantages associated with proximity to a larger and wealthier consumer base. We hypothesize that farmers transition from low-value, land-intensive \traditional" crops to high-value, labor-intensive \specialized" crops on parcels located closer to urban centers. Once returns to development of a parcel exceed the profits associated with farming, exurban farmers may sell their land for conversion to urban use. Urban pressure in the rural-urban fringe intensifies as cities expand. We differentiate between a gradual process of urban growth (or urbanization) and urban sprawl. Utilizing farmland fragmentation measures as indicators of sprawl, we hypothesize that urban sprawl burdens \traditional" farms to the extent that they accelerate the transition to specialized crops or convert farmland to urban use. We use crop-specific land cover data at the level of grid cells and a state-of-the-art system of spatially correlated simultaneous equations with data for the metropolitan area of Indianapolis, IN and its immediate hinterland. Our initial empirical results corroborate that accelerated urban development around Indianapolis in the 1990s is associated with land uses characterized by fewer field crops and more idle land.
Consumer Demand for Healthy Diet: New Evidence from Healthy Eating Index
Creators: name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Yu, Xiaohua
name: Gao, Zhifeng
name: Lee, Jonq-Ying
name: Yu, Xiaohua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/20/10.
The action of the Virasoro algebra in the two-dimensional Potts and loop models at generic $Q$
Creators: name: Grans-Samuelsson, Linnea
name: Liu, Lawrence
name: He, Yifei
name: Jacobsen, Jesper Lykke
name: Saleur, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of conformal weights for the CFT describing the two-dimensional critical $Q$-state Potts model (or its close cousin, the dense loop model) has been known for more than 30 years. However, the exact nature of the corresponding $\hbox{Vir}\otimes\overline{\hbox{Vir}}$ representations has remained unknown up to now. Here, we solve the problem for generic values of $Q$. This is achieved by a mixture of different techniques: a careful study of "Koo--Saleur generators" [arXiv:hep-th/9312156], combined with measurements of four-point amplitudes, on the numerical side, and OPEs and the four-point amplitudes recently determined using the "interchiral conformal bootstrap" in [arXiv:2005.07258] on the analytical side. We find that null-descendants of diagonal fields having weights $(h_{r,1},h_{r,1})$ (with $r\in \mathbb{N}^*$) are truly zero, so these fields come with simple $\hbox{Vir}\otimes\overline{\hbox{Vir}}$ ("Kac") modules. Meanwhile, fields with weights $(h_{r,s},h_{r,-s})$ and $(h_{r,-s},h_{r,s})$ (with $r,s\in\mathbb{N}^*$) come in indecomposable but not fully reducible representations mixing four simple $\hbox{Vir}\otimes\overline{\hbox{Vir}}$ modules with a familiar "diamond" shape. The "top" and "bottom" fields in these diamonds have weights $(h_{r,-s},h_{r,-s})$, and form a two-dimensional Jordan cell for $L_0$ and $\bar{L}_0$. This establishes, among other things, that the Potts-model CFT is logarithmic for $Q$ generic. Unlike the case of non-generic (root of unity) values of $Q$, these indecomposable structures are not present in finite size, but we can nevertheless show from the numerical study of the lattice model how the rank-two Jordan cells build up in the infinite-size limit.
description: 37 pages, 3 figures, 15 tables. v2: Minor edits to beginning of Section 7.1 and Acknowledgments v3: 38 pages. Addition of Appendix C, in which we correct some of our reasoning about the lattice evidence for the structure of the continuum modules. This correction does not change the results. Minor other edits
A local potential for the Weyl tensor in all dimensions
Creators: name: Edgar, S. Brian
name: Senovilla, José M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In all dimensions and arbitrary signature, we demonstrate the existence of a new local potential -- a double (2,3)-form -- for the Weyl curvature tensor, and more generally for all tensors with the symmetry properties of the Weyl curvature tensor. The classical four-dimensional Lanczos potential for a Weyl tensor -- a double (2,1)-form -- is proven to be a particular case of the new potential: its double dual.
description: 7 pages; Latex
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DA VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO CONVENCIONAL E INTEGRADO DE CAFÉ
Creators: name: Pereira, Vanessa Da Fonseca
name: Mendonca, Talles Girardi De
name: Reis, Bricio Dos Santos
name: Pereira, Vanessa Da Fonseca
name: Mendonca, Talles Girardi De
name: Reis, Bricio Dos Santos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Coffee
subject: integrated production
subject: viability
subject: risk

description: Due to growing consumer demands regarding product quality and the social and environmental aspects of the production process, there is a need to redefine the agricultural productive structure so as to make it sustainable. The Integrated Production System in Coffee (CIP) aims to meet these new requirement standards. The system, however, is still very recent and requires more detailed studies to identify its strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the objective of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of the economic viability and the risk associated to the conventional and integrated systems of coffee production in the farm property of São João, in the Coimbra district in Minas Gerais state. The method used was the calculation of the viability and returns dispersion pointers (internal return tax, net present value, payback and coefficient of variation period). Risk analysis was done through the Monte Carlo simulation. According to the values found for the pointers calculated, it was concluded that the integrated production system is more viable in the property analyzed and also less subject to risks.
Privacy Preserving Vertical Federated Learning for Tree-based Models
Creators: name: Wu, Yuncheng
name: Cai, Shaofeng
name: Xiao, Xiaokui
name: Chen, Gang
name: Ooi, Beng Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) is an emerging paradigm that enables multiple organizations to jointly train a model without revealing their private data to each other. This paper studies {\it vertical} federated learning, which tackles the scenarios where (i) collaborating organizations own data of the same set of users but with disjoint features, and (ii) only one organization holds the labels. We propose Pivot, a novel solution for privacy preserving vertical decision tree training and prediction, ensuring that no intermediate information is disclosed other than those the clients have agreed to release (i.e., the final tree model and the prediction output). Pivot does not rely on any trusted third party and provides protection against a semi-honest adversary that may compromise $m-1$ out of $m$ clients. We further identify two privacy leakages when the trained decision tree model is released in plaintext and propose an enhanced protocol to mitigate them. The proposed solution can also be extended to tree ensemble models, e.g., random forest (RF) and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) by treating single decision trees as building blocks. Theoretical and experimental analysis suggest that Pivot is efficient for the privacy achieved.
description: Proc. VLDB Endow. 13(11): 2090-2103 (2020)
Emergence and melting of active vortex crystals
Creators: name: James, Martin
name: Suchla, Dominik Anton
name: Dunkel, Jörn
name: Wilczek, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Melting of two-dimensional (2D) equilibrium crystals, from superconducting vortex lattices to colloidal structures, is a complex phenomenon characterized by the sequential loss of positional and orientational order. Whereas melting processes in passive systems are typically triggered by external heat injection, active matter crystals can self-assemble and melt into an active fluid by virtue of their intrinsic motility and inherent non-equilibrium stresses. Emergent crystal-like order has been observed in recent experiments on suspensions of swimming sperm cells, fast-moving bacteria, Janus colloids, and in embryonic tissues. Yet, despite recent progress in the theoretical description of such systems, the non-equilibrium physics of active crystallization and melting processes is not well understood. Here, we establish the emergence and investigate the melting of self-organized vortex crystals in 2D active fluids using an experimentally validated generalized Toner-Tu theory. Performing hydrodynamic simulations at an unprecedented scale, we identify two distinctly different melting scenarios: a hysteretic discontinuous phase transition and melting through an intermediary hexatic phase, both of which can be controlled by self-propulsion and active stresses. Our analysis further reveals intriguing transient features of active vortex crystals including meta-stable superstructures of opposite spin polarity. Generally, these results highlight the differences and similarities between crystalline phases in active fluids and their equilibrium counterparts.
description: Supplementary videos available at https://youtu.be/p_br0pkBEVs https://youtu.be/n-2Yue-WFWc and https://youtu.be/jQZlmNoSzFs
Event-based Stereo Visual Odometry
Creators: name: Zhou, Yi
name: Gallego, Guillermo
name: Shen, Shaojie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Event-based cameras are bio-inspired vision sensors whose pixels work independently from each other and respond asynchronously to brightness changes, with microsecond resolution. Their advantages make it possible to tackle challenging scenarios in robotics, such as high-speed and high dynamic range scenes. We present a solution to the problem of visual odometry from the data acquired by a stereo event-based camera rig. Our system follows a parallel tracking-and-mapping approach, where novel solutions to each subproblem (3D reconstruction and camera pose estimation) are developed with two objectives in mind: being principled and efficient, for real-time operation with commodity hardware. To this end, we seek to maximize the spatio-temporal consistency of stereo event-based data while using a simple and efficient representation. Specifically, the mapping module builds a semi-dense 3D map of the scene by fusing depth estimates from multiple local viewpoints (obtained by spatio-temporal consistency) in a probabilistic fashion. The tracking module recovers the pose of the stereo rig by solving a registration problem that naturally arises due to the chosen map and event data representation. Experiments on publicly available datasets and on our own recordings demonstrate the versatility of the proposed method in natural scenes with general 6-DoF motion. The system successfully leverages the advantages of event-based cameras to perform visual odometry in challenging illumination conditions, such as low-light and high dynamic range, while running in real-time on a standard CPU. We release the software and dataset under an open source licence to foster research in the emerging topic of event-based SLAM.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, 7 tables
Extra-tropical cyclone climatology and shifts in climate regime in the Northern Hemisphere
Creators: name: Grant, Andrew P.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Extra-tropical cyclones are an important feature of mid-latitude weather and climate. The interdecadal variability of extra-tropical cyclones is assessed here. This is undertaken with respect to changes in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation associated with a shift in climate regime around 1976/77. Data from the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) Atlas of Extra-tropical Cyclones and National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) Arctic Cyclone Track Data Set are used to construct a climatology of cyclones and intense cyclones (those reaching a minimum sea level pressure less than 980hPa) in the Northern Hemisphere. Time series of cyclone data in various regions are analysed to assess relationships with indices representing the 1976/77 shift and changes in trend over the period investigated. The possibility of a second shift around 1989 is also investigated. Indices used are based on phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Emperical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analyses are also used to examine possible relationships with other climate indices such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). Analyses limited to specific regions are also undertaken to assess reliability of the data and the importance of specific regions to cyclone occurrence in the North Pacific. Shifts in climate regime are also assessed with respect to changes in atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere. This is undertaken by analysing variability in a major feature of the circulation, the Siberian High. The nature of the Siberian High is observed to change around the 1976/77 shift. Similar changes are also observed in cyclone frequency between different climate regime phases. Additionally, significant trends over the time period investigated are observed in cyclone and intense cyclone frequency in most regions of the Northern Hemisphere. These trends are most prevalent in intense cyclone frequency. It is concluded that changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the 1976/77 regime shift affected the frequency of cyclones and intense cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. Evidence suggests that this occurs on a hemispheric scale, though it is likely that effects of the 1989 event are limited to the Pacific region.
Additional file 3 of Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet: growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology
Creators: name: Colombino, Elena
name: Ferrocino, Ilario
name: Biasato, Ilaria
name: Cocolin, Luca Simone
name: Prieto-Botella, Daniel
name: Zduńczyk, Zenon
name: Jankowski, Jan
name: Milala, Joanna
name: Kosmala, Monika
name: Fotschki, Bartosz
name: Capucchio, Maria Teresa
name: Juśkiewicz, Jerzy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3. Effects of fruit pomace inclusion on growth performances of broilers fed experimental diets.
Realizations of Hybrid Inflation in Supergravity with natural initial conditions
Creators: name: Panagiotakopoulos, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present viable F-term realizations of the hybrid inflationary scenario in the context of supergravity addressing at the same time the well-known problems of the initial conditions and of the adequate suppression of the inflaton mass. An essential role in our construction is played by "decoupled" superheavy fields without superpotential acquiring large vevs due to D-terms associated with "anomalous" U(1) gauge symmetries. The naturalness of the initial conditions is achieved through a "chaotic" inflation starting at energies close to the Planck scale and driven by the "anomalous" D-terms. We discuss two distinct mechanisms leading to such an early "chaotic" D-term inflation which depend on the choice of the Kähler potential involving the superheavy fields. The one relies on a choice of the Kähler potential of the $SU(1,1)/U(1)$ Kähler manifold of the type encountered in no-scale supergravity whereas the other employs a more "conventional" choice for the Kähler potential of the $SU(1,1)/U(1)$ or $SU(2)/U(1)$ Kähler manifold but invokes rather specific valuesof the Fayet-Iliopoulos $ξ$ term.
description: 32 pages LATEX, no figures
Hofstadter butterfly and the quantum Hall effect in twisted double bilayer graphenes
Creators: name: Crosse, J. A.
name: Nakatsuji, Naoto
name: Koshino, Mikito
name: Moon, Pilkyung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy spectrum and quantum Hall effects of the twisted double bilayer graphene in uniform magnetic field. We investigate two different arrangements, AB-AB and AB-BA, which differ in the relative orientation but have very similar band structures in the absence of a magnetic field. For each system, we calculate the energy spectrum and quantized Hall conductivities at each spectral gap by using a continuum Hamiltonian that satisfies the magneto-translation condition. We show that the Hofstadter butterfly spectra of AB-AB and AB-BA stackings differ significantly, even though their zero magnetic field band structures closely resemble; the spectrum of AB-AB has valley degeneracy, which can be lifted by applying interlayer potential asymmetry, while the spectrum of AB-BA has no such degeneracy in any case. We explain the origin of the difference from the perspectives of lattice symmetry and band topology.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of The Home Environment Interview and associations with energy balance behaviours and body weight in school-aged children – a feasibility, reliability, and validity study
Creators: name: Kininmonth, Alice R.
name: Schrempft, Stephanie
name: Smith, Andrea
name: Dye, Louise
name: Lawton, Clare
name: Fisher, Abigail
name: Llewellyn, Clare
name: Fildes, Alison
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Experts’ categorisation of the home food, activity and media environment variables (% (n)). Table S2. Constructs included in the home environment composite score. (Items coloured red are those added to the original composite score during the update).
Realizing a stable magnetic double-well potential on an atom chip
Creators: name: Esteve, Jerome
name: Schumm, Thorsten
name: Trebbia, Jean-Baptiste
name: Bouchoule, Isabelle
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Westbrook, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss design considerations and the realization of a magnetic double-well potential on an atom chip using current-carrying wires. Stability requirements for the trapping potential lead to a typical size of order microns for such a device. We also present experiments using the device to manipulate cold, trapped atoms.
Six textbook mistakes in computational physics
Creators: name: Gezerlis, Alexandros
name: Williams, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article discusses several erroneous claims which appear in textbooks on numerical methods and computational physics. These are not typos or mistakes an individual author has made, but widespread misconceptions. In an attempt to stop these issues from further propagating, we discuss them here, along with some background comments. In each case, we also provide a correction, which is aimed at summarizing material that is known to experts but is frequently mishandled in the introductory literature. To make the mistakes and corrections easy to understand, we bring up specific examples drawn from elementary physics and math. We also take this opportunity to provide pointers to the specialist literature for readers who wish to delve into a given topic in more detail.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures; v2 corresponds to published version
Particle dynamics in a relativistic invariant stochastic medium
Creators: name: Cabo-Bizet, Alejandro
name: de Oca, Alejandro Cabo Montes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of particles moving in a medium defined by its relativistically invariant stochastic properties is investigated. For this aim, the force exerted on the particles by the medium is defined by a stationary random variable as a function of the proper time of the particles. The equations of motion for a single one-dimensional particle are obtained and numerically solved. A conservation law for the drift momentum of the particle during its random motion is shown. Moreover, the conservation of the mean value of the total linear momentum for two particles repelling each other according with the Coulomb interaction is also following. Therefore, the results indicate the realization of a kind of stochastic Noether theorem in the system under study. Possible applications to the stochastic representation of Quantum Mechanics are advanced.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
Observations and modeling of the inner disk region of T Tauri stars
Creators: name: Akeson, R. L.
name: Walker, C. H.
name: Wood, K.
name: Eisner, J. A.
name: Scire, E.
name: Penprase, B.
name: Ciardi, D. R.
name: van Belle, G. T.
name: Whitney, B.
name: Bjorkman, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of four T Tauri stars using long baseline infrared interferometry from the Palomar Testbed Interferometer. The target sources, T Tau N, SU Aur, RY Tau and DR Tau, are all known to be surrounded by dusty circumstellar disks. The observations directly trace the inner regions (< 1 AU) of the disk and can be used to constrain the physical properties of this material. For three of the sources observed, the infrared emission is clearly resolved. We first use geometric models to characterize the emission region size, which ranges from 0.04 to 0.3 AU in radius. We then use Monte Carlo radiation transfer models of accretion disks to jointly model the spectral energy distribution and the interferometric observations with disk models including accretion and scattering. With these models, we are able to reproduce the data set with extended emission arising from structures larger than 10 milliarcseconds contributing less than 6% of the K band emission, consistent with there being little or no envelope remaining for these Class II sources (d log(lambda*F_lambda)/d log(lambda) ~ -2 to 0 in the infrared). The radiation transfer models have inner radii for the dust similar to the geometric models; however, for RY Tau emission from gas within the inner dust radius contributes significantly to the model flux and visibility at infrared wavelengths. The main conclusion of our modeling is that emission from inner gas disks (between the magnetic truncation radius and the dust destruction radius) can be a significant component in the inner disk flux for sources with large inner dust radii.
description: 29 pages, 7 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, March 20, 2005 issue
Fermi Edge Singularities in the Mesoscopic Regime: I. Anderson Orthogonality Catastrophe
Creators: name: Hentschel, Martina
name: Ullmo, Denis
name: Baranger, Harold U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For generic mesoscopic systems like quantum dots or nanoparticles, we study the Anderson orthogonality catastrophe (AOC) and Fermi edge singularities in photoabsorption spectra in a series of two papers. In the present paper we focus on AOC for a finite number of particles in discrete energy levels where, in contrast to the bulk situation, AOC is not complete. Moreover, fluctuations characteristic for mesoscopic systems lead to a broad distribution of AOC ground state overlaps. The fluctuations originate dominantly in the levels around the Fermi energy, and we derive an analytic expression for the probability distribution of AOC overlaps in the limit of strong perturbations. We address the formation of a bound state and its importance for symmetries between the overlap distributions for attractive and repulsive potentials. Our results are based on a random matrix model for the chaotic conduction electrons that are subject to a rank one perturbation corresponding, e.g., to the localized core hole generated in the photoabsorption process.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
(Non-)Distributivity of the Product for $σ$-Algebras with Respect to the Intersection
Creators: name: Steinicke, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A05 (primary), 60A05, 03E15 (secondary)

description: We study the validity of the distributivity equation $$(\mathcal{A}\otimes\mathcal{F})\cap(\mathcal{A}\otimes\mathcal{G})=\mathcal{A}\otimes\left(\mathcal{F}\cap\mathcal{G}\right),$$ where $\mathcal{A}$ is a $σ$-algebra on a set $X$, and $\mathcal{F}, \mathcal{G}$ are $σ$-algebras on a set $U$. We present a counterexample for the general case and in the case of countably generated subspaces of analytic measurable spaces we give an equivalent condition in terms of the $σ$-algebras' atoms. Using this, we give a sufficient condition under which distributivity holds.
description: Final journal version
Additional file 2 of Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet: growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology
Creators: name: Colombino, Elena
name: Ferrocino, Ilario
name: Biasato, Ilaria
name: Cocolin, Luca Simone
name: Prieto-Botella, Daniel
name: Zduńczyk, Zenon
name: Jankowski, Jan
name: Milala, Joanna
name: Kosmala, Monika
name: Fotschki, Bartosz
name: Capucchio, Maria Teresa
name: Juśkiewicz, Jerzy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 2. Nutritional value of diets fed to broilers at starter and grower period.
Accuracy and Asymmetry of Corn, Soybean and Wheat Interval Forecasts
Creators: name: Isengildina-Massa, Olga
name: Sharp, Julia L.
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Campbell, Wallace A.
name: Isengildina-Massa, Olga
name: Sharp, Julia L.
name: Zhang, Jing
name: Campbell, Wallace A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This study evaluates the accuracy of USDA interval forecasts for corn, soybean, and wheat prices using Christoffersen’s (1998) tests for unconditional coverage, independence and conditional coverage adjusted for asymmetries in tail probabilities. The findings of this study demonstrate that due to uneven distribution of forecast misses around the interval, calibration of soybean price forecasts in several cases was rejected by basic coverage tests (suitable for symmetric intervals) but not rejected by the tests adjusted for asymmetry. Thus these forecasts were asymmetric but accurate. Symmetry was not a limiting assumption for corn and wheat interval forecast accuracy.
Speech To Semantics: Improve ASR and NLU Jointly via All-Neural Interfaces
Creators: name: Rao, Milind
name: Raju, Anirudh
name: Dheram, Pranav
name: Bui, Bach
name: Rastrow, Ariya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.7

description: We consider the problem of spoken language understanding (SLU) of extracting natural language intents and associated slot arguments or named entities from speech that is primarily directed at voice assistants. Such a system subsumes both automatic speech recognition (ASR) as well as natural language understanding (NLU). An end-to-end joint SLU model can be built to a required specification opening up the opportunity to deploy on hardware constrained scenarios like devices enabling voice assistants to work offline, in a privacy preserving manner, whilst also reducing server costs. We first present models that extract utterance intent directly from speech without intermediate text output. We then present a compositional model, which generates the transcript using the Listen Attend Spell ASR system and then extracts interpretation using a neural NLU model. Finally, we contrast these methods to a jointly trained end-to-end joint SLU model, consisting of ASR and NLU subsystems which are connected by a neural network based interface instead of text, that produces transcripts as well as NLU interpretation. We show that the jointly trained model shows improvements to ASR incorporating semantic information from NLU and also improves NLU by exposing it to ASR confusion encoded in the hidden layer.
description: Proceedings of INTERSPEECH
Level algebras of type 2
Creators: name: Zanello, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13E10 (Primary); 13H10 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we study standard graded artinian level algebras, in particular those whose socle-vector has type 2. Our main results are: the characterization of the level $h$-vectors of the form $(1,r,...,r,2)$ for $r\leq 4$; the characterization of the minimal free resolutions associated to each of the $h$-vectors above when $r=3$; a sharp upper-bound (under certain mild hypotheses) for the level $h$-vectors $(1,r,...,a,2)$ of arbitrary codimension $r$ and type 2, which depends on the next to last entry $a$.
description: 33 pages; to appear in Comm. in Algebra
Whole Farm Income Insurance in a Canadian Context
Creators: name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Agricultural Insurance
subject: Skewness Maximization
subject: Mean-Variance
subject: Farm Income Insurance
subject: GRIP
subject: CAIS
subject: AgrInvest

description: This paper employs mean-variance and mean-skewness optimization to investigate farmers’ crop choices under Gross Revenue Insurance (GRIP), Whole Farm Income Insurance, the Canadian Agricultural Income Stabilization program, and its modified 2008 program AgrInvest. To our knowledge this paper is the first to fully consider the endogenous optimization of whole farm insurance in a farm optimization model. The results indicate that farmers will alter farm plans significantly in response to the type of insurance offered and the level of subsidy. Farmers will take on production risks that they would not otherwise take and this risk taking behavior is exacerbated by subsidy.
Additional file 4 of Non-destructive, high-content analysis of wheat grain traits using X-ray micro computed tomography
Creators: name: Hughes, Aoife
name: Askew, Karen
name: Scotson, Callum P.
name: Williams, Kevin
name: Sauze, Colin
name: Corke, Fiona
name: Doonan, John H.
name: Nibau, Candida
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S1. Bimodal distribution of grey values. Histograms for 4 different scans are shown. Grey values in the pink shaded region were used for segmentation.
Quasars as Probes of Late Reionization and Early Structure Formation
Creators: name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Bogosavljevic, M.
name: Mahabal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of QSOs at z ~ 5.7 - 6.4 show the appearance of Gunn-Peterson troughs around z ~ 6, and a change in the slope of the IGM optical depth tau(z) near z ~ 5.5. These results are interpreted as a signature of the end of the reionization era, which probably started at considerably higher redshifts. However, there also appears to be a substantial cosmic variance in the transmission of the IGM, both along some lines of sight, and among different lines of sight, in this intriguing redshift regime. We suggest that this is indicative of a spatially uneven reionization, possibly caused by the bias-driven primordial clustering of the reionization sources. There is also some independent evidence for a strong clustering of QSOs at z ~ 4 - 5 and galaxies around them, supporting the idea of the strong biasing of the first luminous sources at these redshifts. Larger samples of high-z QSOs are needed in order to provide improved, statistically significant constraints for the models of these phenomena. We expect that the Palomar-Quest (PQ) survey will soon provide a new set of QSOs to be used as cosmological probes in this redshift regime.
description: To appear in proceedings of UC Irvine May 2005 workshop on "First Light & Reionization", eds. E. Barton & A. Cooray, New Astronomy Reviews, in press