cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multispeaker Speech Activity Detection for the ICSI Meeting Recorder
Creators: name: Pfau, Thilo
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Stolcke, Andreas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: As part of a project into speech recognition in meeting environments, we have collected a corpus of multichannel meeting recordings. We expected the identification of speaker activity to be straightforward given that the participants had individual microphones, but simple approaches yielded unacceptably erroneous labelings, mainly due to crosstalk between nearby speakers and wide variations in channel characteristics. Therefore, we have developed a more sophisticated approach for multichannel speech activity detection using a simple hidden Markov model (HMM). A baseline HMM speech activity detector has been extended to use mixtures of Gaussians to achieve robustness for different speakers under different conditions. Feature normalization and crosscorrelation processing are used to increase the channel independence and to detect crosstalk. The use of both energy normalization and crosscorrelation based postprocessing results in a 35% relative reduction of the frame error rate. Speech recognition experiments show that it is beneficial in this multispeaker setting to use the output of the speech activity detector for presegmenting the recognizer input, achieving word error rates within 10% of those achieved with manual turn labeling.
title: Prognostic Role of Peritumoral Edema on T2 Weighted Imaging and Its Correlation with Tumoral/Peritumoral Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (ADC) in Patients with Breast Carcinoma
Creators: name: Borhani, Ali
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer
subject: Not applicable
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Peritumoral edema is a type of focal breast edema and has been suggested to be a predictor of cancer malignancy ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 antigen are the biomarkers that are being tested routinely in the histopathologic assessment of invasive breast...
title: Good advice: How online platforms can benefit from social media councils
Creators: name: Berger, Cathleen
name: Freihse, Charlotte
name: Hofmann, Vincent
name: Kettemann, Matthias C.
name: Mosene, Katharina
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2023
Subjects: Social Media
Regulation
Democracy

description: The major social platforms have created private spheres of communication that they control through their terms of use and their algorithm-driven moderation practices. Their influence on social discourse and public opinion has grown significantly. Yet should these processes be guided primarily by in-house rules and private-sector objectives such as profit maximisation? The discussion is increasingly focusing on models that allow society’s interests and goals to play a greater role in how digital rules and practices are designed. Who, however, should speak for users and the general public, and in what capacity? 

Could social media councils (SMCs) prove effective in reducing power asymmetries? In other words, what role can bodies made up of experts and/or user representatives play here?
Evolutionary Model of the Personal Income Distribution
Creators: name: Kaldasch, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this work is to establish the personal income distribution from the elementary constituents of a free market; products of a representative good and agents forming the economic network. The economy is treated as a self-organized system. Based on the idea that the dynamics of an economy is governed by slow modes, the model suggests that for short time intervals a fixed ratio of total labour income (capital income) to net income exists (Cobb-Douglas relation). Explicitly derived is Gibrat's law from an evolutionary market dynamics of short term fluctuations. The total private income distribution is shown to consist of four main parts. From capital income of private firms the income distribution contains a lognormal distribution for small and a Pareto tail for large incomes. Labour income contributes an exponential distribution. Also included is the income from a social insurance system, approximated by a Gaussian peak. The evolutionary model is able to reproduce the stylized facts of the income distribution, shown by a comparison with empirical data of a high resolution income distribution. The theory suggests that in a free market competition between products is ultimately the origin of the uneven income distribution.
title: Evaluation of The Contribution of Perfusion MRI in Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer by Multiparametric MRI
Creators: name: Karaca, Leyla
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Prospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Genitourinary
subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Genitourinary

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Multiparametric prostate MRI (MpMRI) has an important role in the diagnosis, staging, detection of local invasion and lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer. The imaging protocol, which is performed by adding at least two functional sequences to...
A Repeater Encryption Unit for IPv4 and IPv6
Creators: name: Nagashima, Norimitsu
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: IPsec is a powerful mechanism for protecting network communications. However, it is often viewed as difficult to use due to the elaborate configuration that is needed to ensure correct (and secure) operation. In this paper, we seek to answer the question of how to build IPsec VPNs without affecting the network assets. We exploit "repeater-encryption", which is similar to the IPsec bump-in-the-wire mode of operation. Our IPsec encryption unit works at Layer-2 of the network stack and does not encrypt control packets that are used for routing, address resolution and resource reservation. Although this is fairly straightforward for IPv4 networks, IPv6 introduces several new features and messages that complicate the operation of such a box. We report our findings of implementing transparent, repeater-based IPsec protection for IPv4 and IPv6. Our approach requires no configuration changes to other devices in the network, making it an attractive mechanism for security network traffic. We discuss the features of our IPsec encryption unit and show how it adapts to IPv4 and IPv6 networks. We also implement our approach on the OpenBSD IPsec stack to demonstrate its feasibility. We show that our transparent IPsec box can easily support speeds in excess of 100 Mbps.
title: Ultra-low-dose versus standard-dose Cone Beam Computed Tomography for the detection of extremity fractures: Prospective comparative study.
Creators: name: Murphy, Mark
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Prospective
subject: Trauma
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Cone beam CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) offers a higher sensitivity and specificity in fracture detection than conventional radiography however there is an associatedincreased dose to the patient. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) offers higher...
Lieb-Robinson Bounds for the Toda Lattice
Creators: name: Islambekov, Umar
name: Sims, Robert
name: Teschl, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish locality estimates, known as Lieb-Robinson bounds, for the Toda lattice. In contrast to harmonic models, the Lieb-Robinson velocity for these systems do depend on the initial condition. Our results also apply to the entire Toda as well as the Kac-van Moerbeke hierarchy. Under suitable assumptions, our methods also yield a finite velocity for certain perturbations of these systems.
Three Poems
Creators: name: Olds, Sharon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Religion

description: Of science and religion I have little to say today. I imagine there are those born and raised as atheists, those who convert to atheism, and those for whom, like me, atheism—I guess I would call mine atheistic paganism—came like a sort of salvation compared to the emphasis on Satan and hell that I was raised with. At the same time, anything that makes anyone's life more pleasurable, not to say bearable, without at the same time making someone else's less so, seems to me a gorgeous thing. Of love I have a little more to say. I'm definitely for it; in fact I believe that the cash reward for introducing me to an eligible gentleman just went up last week. This afternoon, however, I thought I'd look at love and obstacles in terms of family and of self.
Investigating organizational coaching through an athletic coaching comparison : determining high performance coaching practices in organizations
Creators: name: Read, Michael James Barber
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Increasing emphasis on employee development has resulted in the emergence of coaching in organizations. Organizational coaching unites the various approaches and forms of coaching which currently exist within organizational boundaries. Though athletic coaching analogies are widespread within organizational coaching literature, a comprehensive comparison of athletic and organizational coaching has not been conducted. Omission of key athletic coaching practices in organizational coaching may hinder top employee performance. Through a multi-phase, mixed-method design, a comparison of athletic and organizational coaching was completed. The initial phases of the study reviewed the emergence of organizational coaching and compared athletic with current forms of organizational coaching. The quantitative and qualitative responses provided by coaches helped explain why the athletic approach to coaching is not extensively used in organizations. Main categories of comparison were found which guided item construction for the high-performance coaching practices (HPCP) measure. A second study of athletic and organizational coaches allowed psychometric analyses which helped construct the final HPCP measure. The HPCP may have great utility for researchers, coaches, and organizational stakeholders by helping to align the performance management system to the athletic coaching approach. Increased usage of HPCPs may also aid in coach selection, coach-coachee matching, and promote employee health and well-being. The coaching approach is placed on the consulting-to-counselling developmental spectrum, which helps define the formats and roles of organizational coaches in workplaces. A model for organizational coaching was produced, providing guidance on how HPCPs fit within the overall organizational coaching program. The coaching model provides a foundation for future coaching research and practice. With the constant and ongoing influences on organizational coaching from athletics, the athletic approach to coaching can no longer be ignored. This comparative research project provides the preliminary steps to establish the coaching approach, based mainly on athletic coaching HPCPs, as a legitimate approach to coaching in organizations. Researchers, organizations, and coaches interested in employee and organizational development may discover that this approach to organizational coaching, utilizing HPCPs, is essential. For employees wishing to “go for gold” as athletes do, the coaching approach provides a comprehensive framework from which an individualized coaching program can be constructed.
title: Diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) planning using last generation scanner
Creators: name: Tore, Davide
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT
subject: Vascular
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Cardiac

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) exams performed on 64-row and 256-row CT scanner during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) planning compared with invasive coronary angiography...
title: Disentangling atrophy, iron and myelin changes in the deep gray matter of multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Paolella, Chiara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Cross-sectional study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Inflammation
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Segmentation
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS
subject: Neuro

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Multifaceted Deep Gray Matter (DGM) involvement is a consistent and clinically relevant feature in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) 1 . Indeed, along with DGM atrophy, which is recognized as one of the main drivers of clinical disability in this condition, a...
Expanded microchannel heat exchanger: design, fabrication and preliminary experimental test
Creators: name: Denkenberger, David C.
name: Brandemuehl, Michael J.
name: Pearce, Joshua M.
name: Zhai, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper first reviews non-traditional heat exchanger geometry, laser welding, practical issues with microchannel heat exchangers, and high effectiveness heat exchangers. Existing microchannel heat exchangers have low material costs, but high manufacturing costs. This paper presents a new expanded microchannel heat exchanger design and accompanying continuous manufacturing technique for potential low-cost production. Polymer heat exchangers have the potential for high effectiveness. The paper discusses one possible joining method - a new type of laser welding named "forward conduction welding," used to fabricate the prototype. The expanded heat exchanger has the potential to have counter-flow, cross-flow, or parallel-flow configurations, be used for all types of fluids, and be made of polymers, metals, or polymer-ceramic precursors. The cost and ineffectiveness reduction may be an order of magnitude or more, saving a large fraction of primary energy. The measured effectiveness of the prototype with 28 micron thick black low density polyethylene walls and counterflow, water-to-water heat transfer in 2 mm channels was 72%, but multiple low-cost stages could realize the potential of higher effectiveness.
Fingerprinting to Identify Repeated Sound Events in Long-Duration Personal Audio Recordings
Creators: name: Ogle, James P.
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Information science

description: Body-worn solid-state audio recorders can easily and cheaply capture the bearer's entire acoustic environment throughout the day; we refer to such recordings as "personal audio". Extracting useful information, and providing access and navigation tools for this data is a challenge; in this paper we investigate the use of an audio fingerprinting technique, originally developed for identifying music recordings corrupted by noise, as a tool to rapidly identify recurrent sound events within long (multi-day) recordings. The fingerprinting technique is based on energy peaks in time-frequency, largely removing framing issues and making it intrinsically robust to background noise levels. We show that the technique is very effective at identifying exact repetitions of structured sound (such as jingles and electronic telephone rings) but is unable to find repeats of more 'organic' sound events such as garage door openings.
Evaluation of a Spyware Detection System Using Thin Client Computing
Creators: name: Pappas, Vasileios
name: Bowen, Brian M.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: In previous work, we introduced a bait injection system designed to delude and detect crimeware by forcing it to reveal itself during the exploitation of monitored information. Although effective as a technique, our original system was practically limited, as it was implemented in a personal VM environment. In this paper, we extend our system by applying it to thin-clien to demonstrate how the approach can be used in a large-scale deployment. Adapting our system to such an environment revealed a number of challenging issues, such as scalability, portability, and choice of physical communication means. We provide implementation details, as well as experimental results that demonstrate the scalability and effectiveness of our system.
Improving the communication interfaces between consumers and online product recommendation agents
Creators: name: Xu, Jingjun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: An online recommendation agent (RA) provides users assistance by eliciting from users their product preferences and then recommending products that satisfy these preferences. While the importance of the RA has been emphasized by practitioners and scholars, precisely how to implement the RA, and what an RA’s effectiveness is relative to other recommendation sources, are not well understood. Through three empirical studies conducted utilizing the experimental method, this dissertation evaluates and improves the input, process, and output interfaces of an RA to facilitate the communication between consumers and RAs in order to reduce decision effort and enhance the quality of their purchasing decisions. Regarding the input component of an RA, Study 1 finds that an RA that interactively demonstrates trade-offs among product attributes improves consumers’ perceived enjoyment and perceived product diagnosticity. It also finds that a medium level of trade-off transparency should be revealed to the user, as it leads to the best perceived enjoyment and product diagnosticity. Further, Study 1 augments the Effort-Accuracy Framework by proposing perceived enjoyment and perceived product diagnosticity as two antecedents for decision quality and decision effort. With respect to the process component of an RA, Study 2 evaluates the efficacy of three types of user feedback (attribute-based feedback, alternative-based feedback, and integrated feedback) in an e-commerce setting and shows that they are better than the absence of feedback in terms of perceived decision effort. Additionally, Study 2 demonstrates that the recommendation source (RA, consumers, or experts) moderates the effects of the three types of user feedback on perceived decision quality. Regarding the output component, Study 3 shows that users are more likely to select a product that is commonly recommended by multiple sources. This also results in higher perceived decision quality. Study 3 also reveals that users with high product knowledge or task involvement are more likely to adhere to the recommendation from the RA as compared to recommendations from experts or consumers. Further, users who rely on the RA’s recommendations will perceive a higher level of decision quality as compared to those who rely on consumer or expert recommendations.
Einfluss der Hämodynamik-Messmethode auf die prognostische Aussagekraft des ACP (Afterload-related Cardiac Performance) bei kritisch kranken Patienten mit Sepsis in Bezug auf die Krankenhausletalität
Creators: name: Kriebel, Philipp
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Zur Quantifizierung der Herzleistung bei septischer Kardiomyopathie sind bislang keine geeigneten Instrumente verfügbar. Die „Afterload-related Cardiac Performance“ (ACP), welche das Herzzeitvolumen in Relation zum systemischen Gefäßwiderstand berücksichtigt, zeigte in früheren Untersuchungen einen guten prädiktiven Wert. Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war es, Einflüsse der Hämodynamik-Messmethode auf die prognostische Aussagekraft des ACP bei septischen Patienten in Bezug auf die Krankenhausletalität zu identifizieren. Es wurde eine prospektive, monozentrische Beobachtungsstudie mit n=137 Patienten über einen Zeitraum von 15 Monaten auf einer internistischen Intensivstation durchgeführt. Die Messung der Hämodynamikparameter erfolgte invasiv jeweils mittels Pulmonalarterienkatheter (n=39) oder mittels PiCCO-System (n=98). In der Subgruppe PiCCO konnten signifikante Unterschiede der Überlebensrate nach Kaplan-Meyer sowie der ROC-Analysen zwischen Patienten mit normalem (> 80%) und eingeschränktem (≤ 80%) ACP erbracht werden. Für Patienten mit PAK hingegen konnte das Signifikanzniveau nicht erlangt werden.
description: There are no sufficient instruments to quantify cardiac performance in septic cardiomyopathy so far. The “Afterload-related Cardiac Performance” (ACP), which takes the cardiac output in relation to the systemic vascular resistance, provided a good predictive value in former studies. Our primary aim was to identify potential influences of hemodynamic methods on the prognostic value of ACP in relation to the in-hospital lethality in patients with severe sepsis. Therefore, a prospective, monocentric observation study including n=137 patients in a medical intensive care unit was performed for about 15 months. The invasive measurement of hemodynamic parameters was done with either pulmonary artery catheter (n=39) or PiCCO-system (n=98). Using Kaplan-Meyer- and ROC-analysis a significant difference between patients with regular (>80%) and impaired (≤ 80%) ACP could be shown for the subgroup PiCCO. In contrast to this no significant results could be reached for the subgroup PAC.
Understanding "Us" versus "Them"
Creators: name: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: I'm afraid I'm going to talk more today about the obstacles to love than I am about love itself. I'm going to talk about the social circumstances in which hate arises, and particularly about the issues we're facing in our country and in the world right now, on a morning when dozens more people have been killed in Iraq, and when American warplanes are routinely bombing civilian neighborhoods in a manner that would have seemed utterly impossible—shocking and barbaric—to many of us, I think, just a short time ago. The newspapers are dreadful in what they don't tell us every  day. The New York Times reported yesterday, "American armored vehicles roared through the villages surrounding Falluja, the western town at the heart of the Sunni insurgency in Iraq, on Friday, as warplanes pounded rebel positions and ground forces ratcheted up their preparations for what appeared to be an imminent assault on the city."1 This is sheer propaganda, because already in the first line is the idea that our warplanes are pounding "rebel positions," not bombing civilian neighborhoods. We learned last week from The Lancet magazine, which published the most serious epidemiological study that has been undertaken regarding the casualties in Iraq since the war began, that there are by best estimates—though admittedly this is with high uncertainty—100,000 deaths in excess of what would have been expected based on prewar circumstances, and that the vast majority of those deaths have come through violent attacks by U.S. forces, principally bombing by our aircraft.2 and so we enact Guernica every day, and our newspapers report it as "warplanes pounding rebel positions." The Associated Press this morning said the same thing, that Marines fired a barrage of artillery at "rebel positions" inside Falluja; U.S. jets have been pounding the "rebel bastion" for days—not the city.
title: Primary malignant tumour grade differentiation by multiparametric analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters
Creators: name: Novikov, Mykola
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Segmentation
subject: PET-CT
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Hybrid Imaging
subject: Hybrid, Molecular and Translational Imaging

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Metabolic positron emission tomography, combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) utilizing 18 F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) is a successfully used imaging modality for oncologic patients in different clinical scenarios, ranging from...
Charged Higgs Observability Through Associated Production With W at a Muon Collider
Creators: name: Hashemi, Majid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observability of a charged Higgs boson produced in association with a W boson at future muon colliders is studied. The analysis is performed within the MSSM framework. The charged Higgs is assumed to decay to tb and a fully hadronic final state is analyzed, i.e., mu+mu- \rightarrow H\pmW\mp \rightarrow tbW \rightarrow WbbW \rightarrow jjjjbb. The main background is tt production in fully hadronic final state which is an irreducible background with very similar kinematic features. It is shown that although the discovery potential is almost the same for a charged Higgs mass in the range 200 GeV < mH\pm < 400 GeV, the signal significance is about 1sigma for tanbeta = 50 at integrated luminosity of 50 fb-1. The signal rate is well above that at e+e- linear colliders with the same center of mass energy and enough data (O(1 ab-1)) will provide the same discovery potential for all heavy charged Higgs masses up to mH\pm \sim 400 GeV, however, the muon collider cannot add anything to the LHC findings.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
Driven cofactor systems and Hamilton-Jacobi separability
Creators: name: Sarlet, W.
name: Waeyaert, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a continuation of the work initiated in a previous paper on so-called driven cofactor systems, which are partially decoupling second-order differential equations of a special kind. The main purpose in that paper was to obtain an intrinsic, geometrical characterization of such systems, and to explain the basic underlying concepts in a brief note. In the present paper we address the more intricate part of the theory. It involves in the first place understanding all details of an algorithmic construction of quadratic integrals and their involutivity. It secondly requires explaining the subtle way in which suitably constructed canonical transformations reduce the Hamilton-Jacobi problem of the (a priori time-dependent) driven part of the system into that of an equivalent autonomous system of Stäckel type.
AI-driven ubiquitous networks for massive machine connections
Creators: name: Thang, Yue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Ubiquitous smart wireless connectivity is critical for future large-scale industrial tasks, services, assets and devices. Very significantly improved connectivity needs to be unlocked through novel spectrum combinations and the fully autonomous management of the underlying network resources by applying online Artificial Intelligence (AI) at multiple decision layers. Therefore, it is required to bring AI-driven Deep Reinforcement learning (DRL) to perform MAC/PHY resource allocation and configuration over the high dynamic ultra-dense D2D cell free (CF) network with new spectrum links including THz and optical wireless communications (OWC) to enhance the performance with regard to capacity, reliability and latency for next generation ubiquitous networks.
title: A volumetric MRI study of cerebellar atrophy in cervical distonia patients
Creators: name: GUERRIERO, ELVIRA
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Case-control study
subject: Prospective
subject: Motility
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Idiopathic Cervical Dystonia (CD) is a chronic neurologic disorder characterized by involuntary sustained contractions of cervical musculature [1]. Originally considered as a basal ganglia disease, it is now regarded as a network disorder due to...
title: Total eclipse of the heart – a quality improvement project
Creators: name: Chin, Sook Cheng
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Prospective
subject: Quality assurance
subject: Education and training
subject: Observer performance
subject: Audit and standards
subject: CT
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Cardiac

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: Certain cardiac pathologies can now be spotted on non-gated CT examinations with modern scanners, with their faster acquisition times and improved spatial resolution. One of the most important cardiac pathologies that is easily detectable is...
Retrofitting Security in COTS Software with Binary Rewriting
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, Pádraig
name: Anand, Kapil
name: Kotha, Aparna
name: Smithson, Matthew
name: Barua, Rajeev
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present a practical tool for inserting security features against low-level software attacks into third-party, proprietary or otherwise binary-only software. We are motivated by the inability of software users to select and use low-overhead protection schemes when source code is unavailable to them, by the lack of information as to what (if any) security mechanisms software producers have used in their toolchains, and the high overhead and inaccuracy of solutions that treat software as a black box. Our approach is based on SecondWrite, an advanced binary rewriter that operates without need for debugging information or other assist. Using SecondWrite, we insert a variety of defenses into program binaries. Although the defenses are generally well known, they have not generally been used together because they are implemented by different (non-integrated) tools. We are also the first to demonstrate the use of such mechanisms in the absence of source code availability. We experimentally evaluate the effectiveness and performance impact of our approach. We show that it stops all variants of low-level software attacks at a very low performance overhead, without impacting original program functionality.
Length sensing and control strategies for the LCGT interferometer
Creators: name: Aso, Yoichi
name: Somiya, Kentaro
name: Miyakawa, Osamu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical readout scheme for the length degrees of freedom of the LCGT interferometer is proposed. The control scheme is compatible both with the broadband and detuned operations of the interferometer. Interferometer simulations using a simulation software Optickle show that the sensing noise couplings caused by the feedback control can be reduced below the target sensitivity of LCGT with the use of feed forward. In order to improve the duty cycle of the detector, a robust lock acquisition scheme using auxiliary lasers will be used.
description: 13 pages 9 figures. A proceedings paper for Amaldi9 conference
MPEC 2023-W156 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 November 30)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Scanning probe microscopy imaging of metallic nanocontacts
Creators: name: Stöffler, D.
name: Fostner, S.
name: Grütter, P.
name: Hoffmann-Vogel, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show scanning probe microscopy measurements of metallic nanocontacts between controlled electromigration cycles. The nanowires used for the thinning process are fabricated by shadow evaporation. The highest resolution obtained using scanning force microscopy is about 3 nm. During the first few electromigration cycles the overall slit structure of the nanocontact is formed. The slit first passes along grain boundaries and then at a later stage vertically splits grains in the course of consuming them. We find that first the whole wire is heated and later during the thinning process as the slit forms the current runs over several smaller contacts which needs less power.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Do organizational justice theories generalize cross culturally? : a study within China and a comparison study of Canada and China
Creators: name: Shao, Ruodan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Prior research has demonstrated that employees react toward injustice through engaging in sabotage. Most studies on the relationship between injustice and employee sabotage, however, have occurred in North America. It is not known if these findings generalize to other cultural settings. Taking a cross-cultural perspective, I conducted two field studies to (a) examine the role of cultural values and individual difference factors stemming from cultural values and religious beliefs in the link between justice and sabotage (Study 1); (b) explore whether employees in China react differently toward supervisory and customer injustice from employees in North America (Study 2); and (c) to the extent that differences in justice effects exist between countries, examine whether cultural values (e.g., individualism) explain (i.e., mediate) the between-country differences in the injustice-sabotage associations (Study 2). Surveys were administered to 418 front-line employees working in international hotels in China (Study 1) and 203 front-line employees working in one hotel chain in China and Canada (Study 2). Results of Study 1 revealed that the relationship between supervisory justice and sabotage toward supervisor differs as a function of vertical individualism. Moreover, the association between customer injustice and sabotage toward customer occurs as a function of horizontal individualism, negative reciprocity norm, and belief in ultimate justice. Results of Study 2 showed that the strength of the association between customer injustice and sabotage toward customer was significantly weaker among employees in China than in Canada. Three cultural values, namely individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance, accounted for these between-country differences, with individualism as the strongest mediatory factor. Implications and future directions are discussed.
The Link between Love and Power
Creators: name: Person, Ethel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In this talk, which is about power and love, I have been influenced by several backgrounds that I want to acknowledge right away. Any practitioner in my field hears a lot about love and love problems, and love has been a major force in my own life. If I talk about my life truly, I always talk about the love relationships in my life. One of the influences on this paper, however, comes not from my personal life, nor from psychoanalysis and what I have learned there, but from what I learned from a political scientist, the late Hans Morgenthau, who taught at Columbia for a while. He was a master theoretician of power and power relations, and occasionally he turned that lens not just on international politics or national politics, but also on everyday, human politics.In this talk, which is about power and love, I have been influenced by several backgrounds that I want to acknowledge right away. Any practitioner in my field hears a lot about love and love problems, and love has been a major force in my own life. If I talk about my life truly, I always talk about the love relationships in my life. One of the influences on this paper, however, comes not from my personal life, nor from psychoanalysis and what I have learned there, but from what I learned from a political scientist, the late Hans Morgenthau, who taught at Columbia for a while. He was a master theoretician of power and power relations, and occasionally he turned that lens not just on international politics or national politics, but also on everyday, human politics.
Document Translation for Cross-Language Text Retrieval at the University of Maryland
Creators: name: Oard, Douglas W.
name: Hackett, Paul G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Computer science
Language and languages

description: The University of Maryland participated in three TREC-6 tasks: ad hoc retrieval, cross-language retrieval, and spoken document retrieval. The principal focus of the work was evaluation of a cross-language text retrieval technique based on fully automatic machine translation. The results show that approaches based on document translation can be approximately as effective as approaches based on query translation, but that additional work will be needed to develop a solid basis for choosing between the two in specific applications. Ad hoc and spoken document retrieval results are also presented.
title: Rückläufige Zugänge in Altersrenten aus sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung – steigende Zugänge aus Arbeitslosigkeit
title: Aktuelle Entwicklungen von Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit vor Rentenbeginn
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Brussig, Martin
name: Wojtkowski, Sascha
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2018

description: Auf einen Blick …
Seit über fünf Jahren sinkt der Anteil von Personen, die unmittelbar vor Rentenbeginn sozialversicherungspflichtig gearbeitet haben (ohne Altersteilzeitarbeit). Zugenommen haben aber erstmals wieder im Jahr 2005 Rentenzugänge von Personen, die zuletzt (2004) im SGB-III-Leistungsbezug waren, also Arbeitslosengeld bezogen oder die damals noch bestehende Arbeitslosenhilfe erhalten haben.
Frauen und Männer wechseln etwa gleich oft direkt aus Erwerbstätigkeit in Rente, auch ihr durchschnittliches Rentenzugangsalter ist nahezu gleich. Bei Rentenzugängen im Alter von mindestens 65 Jahren gibt es aber deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen.
Übergange im Alter von mindestens 65 Jahren aus sozialversicherungspflichtiger Beschäftigung sind bei Männern etwa doppelt so oft zu verzeichnen wie bei Frauen. Berücksichtigt
man auch geringfügige Beschäftigung, die bei Frauen eine viel größere Rolle spielt als bei Männern, dann gehen etwas mehr Frauen aus Erwerbstätigkeit im Alter von mindestens 65 Jahren in Rente als Männer.
Seit 1999 nimmt die verdeckte Altersarbeitslosigkeit in Form des „erleichterten Leistungsbezuges“ für Personen ab 58 Jahre zu; 2006 betrug ihr Anteil an allen Beschäftigungslosen
dieser Altersgruppe fast zwei Drittel. Dieser Wert unterschätzt aber noch das wahre Ausmaß der verdeckten Altersarbeitslosigkeit, da Hartz-IV-Empfänger/innen derzeit in die Berechnung nicht einbezogen werden können.
Smashing the Gadgets: Hindering Return-Oriented Programming Using In-Place Code Randomization
Creators: name: Pappas, Vasilis
name: Polychronakis, Michalis
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: The wide adoption of non-executable page protections in recent versions of popular operating systems has given rise to attacks that employ return-oriented programming (ROP) to achieve arbitrary code execution without the injection of any code. Existing defenses against ROP exploits either require source code or symbolic debugging information, or impose a significant runtime overhead, which limits their applicability for the protection of third-party applications. In this paper we present in-place code randomization, a practical mitigation technique against ROP attacks that can be applied directly on third-party software. Our method uses various narrow-scope code transformations that can be applied statically, without changing the location of basic blocks, allowing the safe randomization of stripped binaries even with partial disassembly coverage. These transformations effectively eliminate about 10%, and probabilistically break about 80% of the useful instruction sequences found in a large set of PE files. Since no additional code is inserted, in-place code randomization does not incur any measurable runtime overhead, enabling it to be easily used in tandem with existing exploit mitigations such as address space layout randomization. Our evaluation using publicly available ROP exploits and two ROP code generation toolkits demonstrates that our technique prevents the exploitation of the tested vulnerable Windows 7 applications, including Adobe Reader, as well as the automated construction of alternative ROP payloads that aim to circumvent in-place code randomization using solely any remaining unaffected instruction sequences.
Integration of social determinants of health in quality indicators for cancer surgery: a scoping review protocol
Creators: name: Lofters, Aisha
name: Coburn, Natalie
name: Benipal, Harsukh
name: Bondzi-Simpson, Adom
name: Barabash, Victoria
name: Ribeiro, Tiago
name: Hallet, Julie
name: Rinku Sutradhar
name: Callisia Clarke
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Public Health
subject: Clinical Epidemiology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Health Services Research
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Social Epidemiology
subject: Medicine & Health Services
subject: Health Equity Research
subject: Health Services Research
subject: Surgery
subject: Oncology

description: This registration contains the protocol for a scoping review looking at how the social determinants of health are have been integrated into quality indicators for colorectal cancer surgery.
title: Comparison of the reproducibility of quantitative and semi-quantitative PET/CT analysis of solitary pulmonary nodules in a multivendor multicenter trial
Creators: name: Weir-McCall, Jonathan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chest
subject: Lung
subject: Thorax
subject: PET-CT
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Cancer
subject: Prospective
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Multicentre study
subject: Chest

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: 18 Fluorine Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) has a high accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy in nodules with a recent meta-analysis reporting a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 70%. All the...
Explosive first-order transition to synchrony in networked chaotic oscillators
Creators: name: Leyva, I.
name: Sevilla-Escoboza, R.
name: Buldú, J. M.
name: Sendiña-Nadal, I.
name: Gómez-Gardeñes, J.
name: Arenas, A.
name: Moreno, Y.
name: Gómez, S.
name: Jaimes-Reátegui, R.
name: Boccaletti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical phenomena in complex networks, and the emergence of dynamical abrupt transitions in the macroscopic state of the system are currently a subject of the outmost interest. We report evidence of an explosive phase synchronization in networks of chaotic units. Namely, by means of both extensive simulations of networks made up of chaotic units, and validation with an experiment of electronic circuits in a star configuration, we demonstrate the existence of a first order transition towards synchronization of the phases of the networked units. Our findings constitute the first prove of this kind of synchronization in practice, thus opening the path to its use in real-world applications.
description: Phys. Rev. Lett. in press
title: Detections of Crohn's disease complications with diffusion images versus contrast enhanced images using MR enterography: comparison between two readers with different experience
Creators: name: Romanelli, Martina
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Diagnostic or prognostic study
subject: Retrospective
subject: Fistula
subject: Abscess
subject: Observer performance
subject: Localisation
subject: Complications
subject: MR-Enterography
subject: MR
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Emergency
subject: Emergency Imaging

description: Purpose Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Purpose: To compare the diagnostic performance of two readers with different grade of experience in bowel imaging in the evaluation of Crohn's disease (CD) complications by using MR enterography (MRE) with combined T2-weighted (T2w) and diffusion-weighted...
Inflammatory markers in Eating Disorders: a sistematic review and metanalysis
Creators: name: Tarchi, Livio
name: Castellini, Giovanni
name: Dani, Cristiano
name: Merola, Giuseppe Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: A sistematic review and metanalysis about inflammtory markers in patients diagnosed with Eating Disorders