cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Aspects of the atmospheric energy budget over South-east Australia
Creators: name: Hart, T. L.
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This study presents measurements of the atmospheric energy fluxes over south-east Australia and discusses the role of these fluxes and their divergence in the regional scale atmospheric energy budget. Monthly averages of quasi-horizontal energy fluxes were calculated from daily observations at six upper air stations for the period 1974-1976. The relative contributions of the mean and eddy fluxes were considered. Energy flux divergences were computed for four months of 1975 and compared with independent estimates derived from (a) satellite radiant flux data (in the case of the overall energy flux divergence), and (b) a regional moisture budget (for the latent energy term). Adjustments of the raw wind data to ensure mass balance were found to be necessary and objective techniques for this purpose are discussed. Although exact balance of the energy budget was not obtained, the contribution of the different energy types (enthalpy, potential, latent, kinetic) consistently showed counteraction among the various terms and between their mean and eddy resolutions. For each of the four months considered, the total energy flux divergence showed zonal convergence and meridional divergence. Vertical profiles of the energy flux divergence are also presented. The net radiant flux density at the top of the atmosphere, closely related to the atmospheric energy flux divergence over the region, showed small interannual variations. Analysis of the short and long wave satellite radiation data showed that these variations, due mainly to changes in cloudiness, were dominated by the fluctuations in the short wave term. The relation between the surface synoptic weather pattern and atmospheric energy transport was investigated by correlating the monthly average mean and eddy fluxes with the frequency of different wind directions and isobaric curvatures. Useful relations were found except for the zonal eddy flux. The meridional fluxes were most closely related to the frequency of northerly surface winds over the region. The study incorporates a review of the global scale earth-atmosphere energy budget and also of other regional scale investigations. Some differences between results for south-east Australia and the zonal average are noted.
title: The Inevitable Fusion: A Mixed-Methods Sociological Approach to Comprehensive Kodiak Bear Viewing Management
Creators: name: Keating, Jacqueline M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge is home to one of the highest concentrations of brown bears in Alaska. As the public demand for bear viewing opportunities continues to increase, managers are faced with the challenge of accommodating this new kind of visitor use on a refuge that was traditionally managed for the sustainable hunting of bears. To inform the public use management planning process, the Kodiak Refuge allocated funding to support social science research that objectively assessed the current nature of bear viewing opportunities and the factors that influence the quality of those opportunities. Ecologist Aldo Leopold claimed that the outstanding advance of modern ecology would be the “inevitable fusion” of the social and natural sciences. Therefore, a conjoint constitution framework inspired by Freudenburg, Frickel, and Gramling (1995) enabled this study to examine the active interplay of social and environmental factors in a bear viewing experience.
Two seasons of research were conducted in partnership with Utah State University. The first season employed qualitative research methods to conduct detailed interviews with a wide variety of bear viewing stakeholders in Kodiak. This process informed the creation of a survey measurement tool that was administered to bear viewers the following summer. Survey results suggest that seeing a larger number of bears and seeing big bears are trip characteristics associated with higher satisfaction among visitors, while closer proximity to bears is associated with learning more about bear behavior.
The environmental sociology principle of “conjoint constitution” guided both phases of research by helping to examine how social and physical factors interact with one another to create trip outcomes. Just as there are ongoing biological inventory and monitoring processes that inform refuge management, there should be inventory and monitoring of human activity and the fluent sociological factors influencing the nature of that activity. As the Kodiak Refuge continues its public use planning process, the ongoing integration of both biological and social science data will be critical.
Visible spectroscopy of the new ESO Large Program on trans-Neptunian objects and Centaurs: final results
Creators: name: Fornasier, S.
name: Barucci, M. A.
name: de Bergh, C.
name: Alvarez-Candal, A.
name: DeMeo, F.
name: Merlin, F.
name: Perna, D.
name: Guilbert, A.
name: Delsanti, A.
name: Dotto, E.
name: Doressoundiram, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A second large programme (LP) for the physical studies of TNOs and Centaurs, started at ESO Cerro Paranal on October 2006 to obtain high-quality data, has recently been concluded. In this paper we present the spectra of these pristine bodies obtained in the visible range during the last two semesters of the LP. We investigate the spectral behaviour of the TNOs and Centaurs observed, and we analyse the spectral slopes distribution of the full data set coming from this LP and from the literature. We computed the spectral slope for each observed object, and searched for possible weak absorption features. A statistical analysis was performed on a total sample of 73 TNOs and Centaurs to look for possible correlations between dynamical classes, orbital parameters, and spectral gradient. We obtained new spectra for 28 bodies, 15 of which were observed for the first time. All the new presented spectra are featureless, including 2003 AZ84, for which a faint and broad absorption band possibly attributed to hydrated silicates on its surface has been reported. The data confirm a wide variety of spectral behaviours, with neutral--grey to very red gradients. An analysis of the spectral slopes available from this LP and in the literature for a total sample of 73 Centaurs and TNOs shows that there is a lack of very red objects in the classical population. We present the results of the statistical analysis of the spectral slope distribution versus orbital parameters. In particular, we confirm a strong anticorrelation between spectral slope and orbital inclination for the classical population. A strong correlation is also found between the spectral slope and orbital eccentricity for resonant TNOs, with objects having higher spectral slope values with increasing eccentricity.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Slow apparent polar wander for North America in the Late Triassic and large Colorado Plateau rotation
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Witte, William K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: Several recent analyses of North American paleomagnetic data suggest fast apparent polar wander (APW) (~0.75°/m.y.) during the Late Triassic and a modest amount (~5°) of Colorado Plateau clockwise rotation. Paleomagnetic poles from the lower (Carnian), middle (Norian), and upper (Hettangian) stratigraphic intervals of the Newark Basin, however, indicate very slow APW over the Late Triassic and provide an alternative interpretation for plateau rotation. The middle Newark pole is supported by positive fold and reversal tests, precluding remagnetization, and agrees well with the pole reported from the Norian Upper Shale Member of the Chinle Formation from east central New Mexico as well as the 214 Ma Manicouagan pole from Quebec. These poles provide a well-defined mean Norian reference pole for cratonic North America at 57.4°N 91.0°E A_95=3.8°. Paleomagnetic poles from the Chinle Formation on the Colorado Plateau (Owl Rock Member, Church Rock Member, and our new result from the upper Chinle in Utah) are also well grouped, consistent with slow APW over the Norian, but give a mean pole position (57.7°N 65.6°E A_95=2.5°) that differs significantly from the Norian pole for cratonic North America. The North American Norian poles can be closely reconciled by a 13.5° ± 3.5° correction for accumulated post-Triassic clockwise rotation of the Colorado Plateau associated with Laramide deformation and Cenozoic opening of the Rio Grande Rift. This estimate of Colorado Plateau rotation is consistent with a systematic discrepancy between plateau and cratonic poles for the Early Triassic, whereas available late Paleozoic and Jurassic poles are judged not to provide definitive constraints on plateau rotation. A revised Triassic and Early Jurassic APW path for North America shows that the virtual standstill in the Norian, the last 15 m.y. of the Triassic, was preceded and followed by intervals of fast (~1°/m.y.) angular plate velocity.
Timelike Killing Fields and Relativistic Statistical Mechanics
Creators: name: Klein, David
name: Collas, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For spacetimes with timelike Killing fields, we introduce a "Fermi-Walker-Killing" coordinate system and use it to prove a Liouville Theorem for an appropriate volume element of phase space for a statistical mechanical system of particles. We derive an exact relativistic formula for the Helmholtz free energy of an ideal gas and compare it, for a class of spacetimes, to its Newtonian analog, derived both independently and as the Newtonian limit of our formula. We also find the relativistic thermodynamic equation of state. Specific examples are given in Kerr spacetime.
description: This version contains minor corrections, additional discussion, and will appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
title: Adolescent Relationship Concerns and Perceived Gains from a Relationship Education Course
Creators: name: Harris, Jenny
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: This study was conducted with survey data drawn from a relationship education initiative in the state of Utah. Teenagers participated in the Premarital Interpersonal Choices and Knowledge (PICK) program (also known as How to Avoid Falling for a Jerk or Jerk-ette), a program designed for single individuals. They answered questions before and after the course, and I used their responses to answer two questions: (1) What concerns do middle-adolescents (ages 15-17) have about romantic relationships? (2) What do middle-adolescents gain from participation in PICK?
Data from 605 participants were combined and analyzed for themes. Teenage participants expressed concerns about gaining the skills and knowledge necessary for healthy building relationships. They also wanted to avoid risky relationship behaviors such as cheating, abuse, jealousy, and sexual coercion. They were interested in how relationships with peers and parents affect romantic relationships. These concerns aligned with the gains that they reported from participation in PICK.
Taking their responses together, participants said that PICK addressed their concerns by providing training in relationship skills and knowledge to help them avoid risky relationships. They were especially appreciative of the Relationship Attachment Model, a visual tool created to help them evaluate pacing, sequence, and behaviors in healthy relationships.
Critical Casimir interaction of ellipsoidal colloids with a planar wall
Creators: name: Kondrat, S.
name: Harnau, L.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on renormalization group concepts and explicit mean field calculations we study the universal contribution to the effective force and torque acting on an ellipsoidal colloidal particle which is dissolved in a critical fluid and is close to a homogeneous planar substrate. At the same closest distance between the substrate and the surface of the particle, the ellipsoidal particle prefers an orientation parallel to the substrate and the magnitude of the fluctuation induced force is larger than if the orientation of the particle is perpendicular to the substrate. The sign of the critical torque acting on the ellipsoidal particle depends on the type of boundary conditions for the order parameter at the particle and substrate surfaces, and on the pivot with respect to which the particle rotates.
Alkaloids of aristotelia species
Creators: name: Hai, MA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A detailed phytochemical examination of the alkaloid content of two species of the family Elaeocarpaceae - Aristotelia serrata W.R.B. Oliver and Aristotelia fruticosa Hook F. - has been undertaken. A new group of indole alkaloids has been isolated from the abovementioned species. Of the sixteen bases obtained, one had been described previously and was reisolated from Aristotelia serrata. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence for the structures of the fifteen new minor alkaloids are presented. X-ray crystallographic studies confirmed the structures of two of them, and established the relative stereochemistries. In one case, the structural assignment was confirmed by synthesis. The absolute stereochemistries of altogether six alkaloids have been established through chemical correlations. A possible biosynthetic scheme for the Aristotaia alkaloids is presented. A preliminary investigation of one species of the family Menispermaceae - Pachygone vieillardii - has been made, and the results appear in Appendix-l. Of the five alkaloids isolated from this species, one appears to have a bisbenzylisoquinoline type of structure. Tentative evidence is presented to support a proaporphine-type structure for two further alkaloids, and a morphinane-type structure for each of the remaining pair of alkaloids.
Origin of Magnetic Instability in Sediment Cores From the Central North Pacific
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Lowrie, William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleoclimatology

description: Previous paleomagnetic studies on deep-sea sediment cores from the central North Pacific have shown that the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) of these 'red clay' sediments was unstable below several meters depth in each core. It was also noted that the magnetic instability was related to the presence of a relatively large low-coercivity component of magnetization. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the rock magnetic properties in three select cores from this region to determine the physical origin of the unstable magnetization. The principal findings of our investigation were as follows. (1) The ability to acquire a viscous remanent magnetization increased with depth in each core, particularly at about the level where unstable magnetization became evident. (2) The magnitude and stability of the observed NRM of the magnetically unstable section of each core can be explained by a viscous remanence acquired in the presence of the earth's magnetic field over a period of time ranging from only several weeks to several thousands of years. (3) The unstable magnetization, believed to be of viscous origin, was attributed to the presence of a magnetic mineral similar in structure and composition to maghemite. This mineral may have resulted from the low-temperature oxidation of very fine grained magnetite at about the time of deposition of these sediments. The extrapolated ages of the levels at which unstable magnetization becomes evident in the cores from this region suggest a close correspondence with the times of established upper Cenozoic climatic changes. Considerations of the alteration of the sedimentary regime resulting from the changes in climate can provide a satisfactory explanation for the observed change in magnetic properties.
Beyond just "flattening the curve'': Optimal control of epidemics with purely non-pharmaceutical internentions
Creators: name: Kantner, Markus
name: Koprucki, Thomas
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical epidemiology
subject: optimal control
subject: non-pharmaceutical interventions
subject: effective reproduction number
subject: dynamical systems
subject: COVID-19
subject: SARS-CoV2
subject: 92D30
subject: 37N25
subject: 37N40
subject: 93C10
subject: 49N90
subject: 34B15

description: When effective medical treatment and vaccination are not available, non-pharmaceutical interventions such as social distancing, home quarantine and far-reaching shutdown of public life are the only available strategies to prevent the spread of epidemics. Based on an extended SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model and continuous-time optimal control theory, we compute the optimal non-pharmaceutical intervention strategy for the case that a vaccine is never found and complete containment (eradication of the epidemic) is impossible. In this case, the optimal control must meet competing requirements: First, the minimization of disease-related deaths, and, second, the establishment of a sufficient degree of natural immunity at the end of the measures, in order to exclude a second wave. Moreover, the socio-economic costs of the intervention shall be kept at a minimum. The numerically computed optimal control strategy is a single-intervention scenario that goes beyond heuristically motivated interventions and simple "flattening of the curve". Careful analysis of the computed control strategy reveals, however, that the obtained solution is in fact a tightrope walk close to the stability boundary of the system, where socio-economic costs and the risk of a new outbreak must be constantly balanced against one another. The model system is calibrated to reproduce the initial exponential growth phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.
A laboratory and mathematical study of the 'thermal bar'
Creators: name: Elliott, Gillian Hope
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The 'migrating thermal bar' phenomenon, known to occur in certain large, dimictic, freshwater lakes, has been studied in laboratory and mathematical models. The temperature fields observed in the laboratory agreed with those observed in Lake Ontario and a linear physical model for the speed of the 'thermal bar', based on negligible horizontal advection and diffusion of heat, gave reasonable values for both the laboratory model and Lake Ontario. Observations were also made of the associated velocity field. On the basis of this laboratory model, which suggests that horizontal advection and diffusion of heat were not of primary importance, mathematical models were developed. First the temperature field was calculated from the one-dimensional heat diffusion equation. Then the velocity field was calculated assuming that the flow was driven by buoyancy forces and balanced by viscous forces. On the basis of the similitude between the temperature fields found in my models and those observed in the lakes, it seems possible that the velocity field of the models also provides a good approximation to the circulation associated with the bar in lakes. There are no direct measurements of the velocities associated with the bar in lakes and they will be difficult to obtain as such velocities are expected, in Lake Ontario, to be only of the order of 1 cm sec⁻¹.
title: Essays on the Economics of Energy and Transportation
Creators: name: Barnes, Ryan N
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) is responsible for planning, operating, and maintaining a highway network consisting of over 18,500 lane-miles of highway. In recent years the growing uncertainty about oil prices and availability has made long-range transportation planning even more challenging. Rather than relying on trend extrapolation, this study uses market mechanisms to shed light on key long-range transportation planning assumptions. In particular, this study was conducted to help WSDOT assess the likelihood that natural gas will substitute for petroleum fuels and estimate the impacts that changes in fuel prices will have on natural gas vehicle demand, fuel consumption, and Greenhouse Gas emissions. The main findings of this project were that there is an unstable price difference per unit of energy between natural gas and oil. This price difference accounts for the relative attractiveness of natural gas as a transportation fuel. Furthermore, an international market for natural gas is emerging due to the international trade in liquefied natural gas. Despite these potential benefits the market has created for the use of natural gas as transportation fuel, our model still predicts that consumers will not adopt natural gas vehicles. Due to the low adoption of natural gas vehicles, pollution abatement policies designed around increasing adoption of natural gas vehicles is likely to be very expensive.
Additional file 1 of Why polls fail to predict elections
Creators: name: Zhou, Zhenkun
name: Serafino, Matteo
name: Cohan, Luciano
name: Caldarelli, Guido
name: Makse, Hernán A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Tweet statistics. We report the total number of tweets collected, the average daily number of tweets classified (Daily classified), and the average daily classified tweets for each candidate. Table S2. User statistics. We report the total number of users collected, the average daily number of users classified (Daily classified), and the average daily classifiedusers for each candidate. Fig. S1. Instantaneous prediction compared with trusted polls. Thick lines represent AI prediction and dashed line represent trusted polls. We use the 7, 14,21, 28-day window for the instantaneous opinion model. We calculate the Pearson's correlation coefficient between MP from results of instantaneous models with different window sizes and that from pollsters. The coefficients are respectively 0.372, 0.464 (14-day window, the highest), 0.408, and 0.438. Therefore, we select 14-days windows for instantaneous opinion model. Fig. S2. Cumulative prediction with T0=March 1 (2019-03) until August 1 (2019-08) before PASO. As for the cumulative opinion model, we select the initial date according to the mean absolute error (MAE) between the predicted and official results on the primary election, which can be seen in Fig. 2, and the errors are respectively 1.00 (the least, Mar), 1.13, 2.07, 4.20, 3.33 and 3.50 (T0=Mar, Apr,May, Jun, Jul, Aug 1). Therefore, we select March 1 as the initial date with the least error. Table S3. The top 20 hashtags from March and July in 2019. The camp field represents the classification: M stays for Macri and K for Fernandez (from the name of the running mate Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner). Count indicates the number of times a given hashtag appears in the dataset. Table S4. The top 20 hashtags from August and October in 2019. The camp field represents the classification: M stays for Macri and K for Fernandez (from the name of the running mate Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner). Count indicates the number of times a given hashtag appears in the dataset.
Photocatalytic degradation of Janus Green Blue dye in wastewater by green synthesised reduced graphene oxide-silver nanocomposite
Creators: name: Sodeinde, Kehinde Oluseun
name: Olusanya, Samuel Olalekan
name: Enogheghase, Valentine Friday
name: Lawal, Olayide Samuel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this study, green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide-Ag (rGO-Ag) nanocomposite was carried out via bioreduction of Ag salt and graphene oxide (GO) using waste dry cell battery rod and Corchorus olitorius extract as GO precursor and reducing agent, respectively. Characterisation of rGO-Ag nanocomposite was achieved by UV/Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, FTIR and BET analyses. Photocatalytic degradation of Janus Green blue (JGB) dye was conducted in batch mode. Effects of irradiation time, photocatalyst composition, temperature and recyclability were investigated. BET surface area of the nanocomposite was 532.914 m2/g with pore size of 2.136 nm. Optimal percentage photo-removal and equilibrium adsorption capacity of JGB dye by the nanocomposite achieved were 95.72% and 120.48 mg/g, respectively. Photocatalytic adsorption process followed more accurately Freundlich model implying multilayer adsorption onto rGO-Ag surface. Adsorption kinetics fitted perfectly into pseudo-second-order model while the enthalpy change is endothermic. The photocatalyst exhibited considerable stability, efficiency and was successfully applied for the removal of JGB in wastewater samples.
On the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy of deep-sea sediment
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Lowrie, William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Susceptibility anisotropies in the form of vertically prolate ellipsoids have been reported in many deep-sea sediment cores. The results of the present investigation suggest that these anisotropies may not describe the original magnetic fabric of deep-sea sediment, but are more likely due to either a measurement effect or to deformation of the sediment during coring. Anisotropy measurements made on a spinner magnetometer sometimes were found to be greatly affected by the shape of the sample. This apparent "sample-shape effect" was not observed on a low-field torque meter. The anisotropy of samples taken near the base or the top of some piston cores often reflects sediment disturbance during the coring operation. Most samples of deep-sea sediment examined had weak anisotropies that could be interpreted as due to normal depositional processes, including bioturbation. The best-fitting susceptibility ellipsoids were usually oblate with near vertical minimum susceptibility axes.
title: The Relationship of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) to the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
Creators: name: Reeder, Duane
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: Correlational comparisons were made between the Stanford-Binet, Form L-M, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence using children enrolled in a Head-Start program. The study was concerned with three hypotheses:
1.The correlations found between the I.Q. scores obtained on the WPPSI full scale, verbal, and performance scales and those obtained on the Stanford-Binet using Head-Start children as subjects would be significant at the .01 level.
2. The correlation between the WPPSI and the Stanford-Binet utilizing Head-Start children would not be significantly different from the correlation reported by Wechsler in the WPPSI manual.
3. Scores on the WPPSI verbal scale and the Stanford-Binet would correlate higher than would the WPPSI performance scale scores with the Stanford-Binet.
All correlations run relating to the three hypotheses chosen for this study were found to be significant at the .01 level. The results, therefore, lead to the acceptance of all three hypotheses.
Large and Flat Graphene Flakes Produced by Epoxy Bonding and Reverse Exfoliation of Highly Oriented Pyrolitic Graphite
Creators: name: Huc, Vincent
name: Bendiab, Nedjma
name: Rosman, Noel
name: Ebbesen, Thomas
name: Delacour, Cecile
name: Bouchiat, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fabrication method producing large and flat graphene flakes that have a few layers down to a single layer based on substrate bonding of a thick sample of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), followed by its controlled exfoliation down to the few to single graphene atomic layers. As the graphite underlayer is intimately bonded to the substrate during the exfoliation process, the obtained graphene flakes are remarkably large and flat and present very few folds and pleats. The high occurrence of single layered graphene sheets having tens of micron wide in lateral dimensions is assessed by complementary probes including spatially resolved Micro-Raman Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Electrostatic Force Microscopy. This versatile method opens the way of deposition of graphene on any substrates including flexible ones.
description: 15 pages 5 figures
Paleomagnetism of the Devonian Catskill Red Beds: Evidence for Motion of the Coastal New England-Canadian Maritime Region Relative to Cratonic North America
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Opdyke, Neil D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The natural remanent magnetizations of reddish clay stones, siltstones, and sandstones from the nearly flat lying Middle to Upper Devonian Catskill sequence of southeastern New York were analyzed with thermal, alternating field, and chemical demagnetization techniques. After removal of a low blocking temperature component along the present geomagnetic field direction a characteristic direction of magnetization was isolated: D = 172.3°, I = 1.0°, k = 116, and α_95 = 4.7° for N = 9 sites (43 samples), giving a paleomagnetic north pole at 46.8°N, 116.7°E, dp = 2.4°, and dm = 4.7°. The combined demagnetization analyses show this to be the only stable component of magnetization present in these rocks. The derived pole position agrees well with the poles reported for some Devonian limestones in Ohio, all falling near the Permian poles for North America, but disagrees with Devonian results from eastern Maine-New Brunswick and eastern Massachusetts which give poles at lower latitudes. A similar geographical grouping with similar directions is also apparent for Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) paleomagnetic poles for North America. We interpret these and other late Paleozoic paleomagnetic data to show that the coastal Canadian Maritime-New England region was not an integral part of cratonic North America until about the Late Carboniferous. Geological considerations suggest that the Carboniferous relative motion was along transcurrent shear zones.
Structural studies on alkaloids from Peripentadenia MearsII and Hedycarya Angustifolia
Creators: name: Gunawardana, YAGP
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A detailed phytochemical investigation of the alkaloids of two plant species: Peripentadenia mearsii (Elaeocarpaceae) and Hedycarya angustifblia (Monimiaceae) has been undertaken. P. mearsii was found to be a rather rich source of alkaloids: nearly thirty different alkaloids were detected in the bark and leaf extracts. A total of twenty bases and three non-alkaloidal compounds were isolated during this investigation. The structural elucidation of the major alkaloid, peripentadenine, was carried out by spectroscopic methods and by degradation. Detailed PMR and 13C NMR spectral assignments of peripentadenine and some of its twenty derivatives or degradation products are described. Approaches to the synthesis of EZaeocarpus alkaloids are reviewed. The structure of peripentadenine was finally confirmed by two different syntheses. Structures of three minor bases from the bark: dinorperipentadenine, peripentamine and dehydroperipentamine were also established. Dinorperipentadenine was synthesised, and the other two bases were converted to one of the Hofmann degradation products of peripentadenine. Tentative structures have been assigned for three other bases (PBXM2, PLM2 and PLM3) and partial structural analysis was carried out on two further bases (PBVMD and PLM4). The identities of the non-alkaloidal compounds isolated were established by spectroscopy as dimethylsulphone, methylgallate and 2-hydroxy-6-methylacetophenone. The remaining twelve bases were isolated in minute amounts, and only their mass spectra were recorded. Possible biosynthetic origins for Peripentadenia bases have been discussed. The presence of a three-carbon unit between two nitrogens was considered to be an interesting structural feature of these alkaloids and a list of compounds with similar features has been compiled. Nine alkaloids including four new compounds were isolated from Hedycaria angustifoZia. The new compounds include a benzylisoquinoline whose structure was established by X-ray crystallography (by Professor Allan H. White, University of Western Australia), a tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline, a phenanthrene and a dehydraporphine. The known compounds isolated are all aporphines. Two non-alkaloidal compounds, 2,3-camphanediol and eudesmol, were also isolated from the same plant. The isolation of the alkaloids of Macademia integrifolia was also attempted but a successful method could not be developed.
Properties of kinematic singularities
Creators: name: Coley, A. A.
name: Hervik, S.
name: Lim, W. C.
name: MacCallum, M. A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The locally rotationally symmetric tilted perfect fluid Bianchi type V cosmological model provides examples of future geodesically complete spacetimes that admit a `kinematic singularity' at which the fluid congruence is inextendible but all frame components of the Weyl and Ricci tensors remain bounded. We show that for any positive integer n there are examples of Bianchi type V spacetimes admitting a kinematic singularity such that the covariant derivatives of the Weyl and Ricci tensors up to the n-th order also stay bounded. We briefly discuss singularities in classical spacetimes.
description: 13 pages. Published version. One sentence from version 2 corrected
title: The Relationship Between Grade Point Averages of the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Ability and the American College Test
Creators: name: Hansen, Eda Alene
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: Grading within a single school was studied by comparing the grades with the policy of grading recommended by the high school, and the relationship between the grades and two tests administered by the school.
Six hundred fifty-five graduates from the 1964, 1965 and 1966 graduating classes made up the sample. The grades used were those received during their three years in high school. The tests were the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Ability administered in the tenth grade and the American College Test which was taken in the twelfth grade. The Pearson r Correlation Coefficient was used to make the correlations.
The number of A and B grades given in all subject areas were beyond that recommended by the school policy. A t test showed the differences in grading between required subjects and nonacademic elective subjects in the lower 25 percent of each graduating class to be significant at the .01 percent level. In the upper 25 percent the differences were not significant. The required subjects area grades correlated highest with scores from both tests.
Influence of interlayer asymmetry on magneto-spectroscopy of bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Mucha-Kruczynski, M.
name: McCann, E.
name: Fal'ko, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a self-consistent calculation of the interlayer asymmetry in bilayer graphene caused by an applied electric field in magnetic fields. We show how this asymmetry influences the Landau level spectrum in bilayer graphene and the observable inter-Landau level transitions when they are studied as a function of high magnetic field at fixed filling factor as measured experimentally by E.A. Henriksen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008), 087403. We also analyze the magneto-optical spectra of bilayer flakes in the photon-energy range corresponding to transitions between degenerate and split bands of bilayers.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Characterisation and adsorption properties of calcinated eggshell, salicylic acid-modified eggshell, and 2, 4-dihydroxy benzoic acid-modified eggshell
Creators: name: Rehman, Sajad Ur
name: Shah, Shakeel A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This study synthesised eggshell waste, an agricultural by-product, into a calcinated porous material modified by salicylic acid as a new and effective adsorbent for remediation of Cu(II) from an aqueous solution. The impregnation of salicylic acid onto the surface of calcinated egg-shell improved the adsorption property of the eggshell. Furthermore, it was found that the salicylic acid-modified egg-shell; (SAL-E) has a highly developed functionalised surface and rich pore property compared to that of calcinated egg-shell investigated by FTIR and BET surface analysis, respectively. Moreover, the surface area of the SAL-E composite was found to be 6.65 m2g−1 which is six times more than the calcinated eggshell; (E-500). The salicylic acid procreated calcinated egg-shell showed the superior adsorption property towards copper heavy metal compared to that of calcinated eggshell and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid-modified eggshell; (DHB-E). The results of the study showed that the Langmuir adsorption of salicylic acid procreated egg-shell was up to 177.74 mgg−1 which is four times more than the calcinated egg-shell; (E-500). The maximum adsorption showed by salicylic acid-modified eggshell; (SAL-E) occurred at pH 7. The efficiency of modified egg-shell for the removal of copper from wastewater is directly related to pH, temperature, and contact time. FTIR spectroscopy study affirmed that the vital functional groups engaged in the uptake of Cu(II) onto the surface of modified – eggshell wastes, were hydroxyl group, carboxyl, carbonyl, and C = C of aromatic ring via Cu(II)−π interaction. FTIR, Raman, and UV – DRS evaluations proclaimed the introduction of functional groups that can be rendered more emplacements for binding of Cu (II). The results of this study displayed that the adsorption accept, the pseudo-second-order, Langmuir isotherm, and intraparticle diffusion, indicating that the adsorption mechanism is a chemical adsorption process and physisorption to some extent. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 were estimated for all the porous adsorbent materials.
Paleomagnetism and Magnetic Properties of Igneous Rock Samples—Leg 38
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Opdyke, Neil D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Basaltic rock was recovered from nine sites on Leg 38. Initially, one to three partially oriented specimens in the form of right-circular cylinders, 2.5 cm in diameter and 2.5 cm high, were obtained from each of these sites for preliminary magnetic studies. The studies included measurement of intensity and direction of remanent magnetism, susceptibility, stability of remanence against alternating fields, and thermomagnetic characteristics. Additional samples were taken subsequently from cores some of the sites in order to resolve some discrepancies apparent in our initial observations, particularly at Site 336, as well as between these and measurements on the same rocks made by Russian workers. Results from the additional samples are incorporated in this report.
Fields in nonaffine bundles. IV. Harmonious non-Abelian currents in string defects
Creators: name: Carter, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article continues the study of the category of harmonious field models that was recently introduced as a kinetically non-linear generalisation of the well known harmonic category of multiscalar fields over a supporting brane wordsheet in a target space with a curved Riemannian metric. Like the perfectly harmonious case of which a familiar example is provided by ordinary barotropic perfect fluids, another important subcategory is the simply harmonious case, for which it is shown that as well as ``wiggle'' modes of the underlying brane world sheet, and sound type longitudinal modes, there will also be transverse shake modes that propagate at the speed of light. Models of this type are shown to arise from a non-Abelian generalisation of the Witten mechanism for conducting string formation by ordinary scalar fields with a suitable quartic self coupling term in the action.
description: 22 pages Latex
title: Use of Ground-Based Canopy Reflectance to Determine Radiation Capture, Nitrogen and Water Status, and Final Yield in Wheat
Creators: name: Ritchie, Glen L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: Ground-based spectral imaging devices offer an important supplement to satellite imagery. Hand-held, ground-based sensors allow rapid, inexpensive measurements that are not affected by the earth’s atmosphere. They also provide a basis for high altitude spectral indices.
We quantified the spectral reflectance characteristics of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Westbred 936) in research plots subjected to either nitrogen or water stress in a two year study. Both types of stress reduced ground cover, which was evaluated by digital photography and compared with ten spectral reflectance indices. On plots with a similar soil background, simple indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, and difference vegetation index were equal to or superior to more complex vegetation indices for predicting ground cover. Yield was estimated by integrating the normalized difference vegetation index over the growing season. The coefficient of determination (r2) between integrated normalized difference vegetation index and final yield was 0.86.
Unfortunately, none of these indices were able to differentiate between the intensity of green leaf color and ground cover fraction, and thus could not distinguish nitrogen from water stress. We developed a reflective index that can differentiate nitrogen and water stress over a wide range of ground cover. The index is based on the ratio of the green and red variants of the normalized difference vegetation index. The new index was able to distinguish nitrogen and water stress from satellite data using wavelengths less than 1000 nm. This index should be broadly applicable over a wide range of plant types and environments.
Giant Surface Plasmon Induced Drag Effect (SPIDEr) in Metal Nanowires
Creators: name: Durach, Maxim
name: Rusina, Anastasia
name: Stockman, Mark I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here, for the first time we predict a giant surface plasmon-induced drag effect (SPIDEr), which exists under conditions of the extreme nanoplasmonic confinement. Under realistic conditions, in nanowires, this giant SPIDEr generates rectified THz potential differences up to 10 V and extremely strong electric fields up to 10^5-10^6 V/cm. The SPIDEr is an ultrafast effect whose bandwidth for nanometric wires is 20 THz. The giant SPIDEr opens up a new field of ultraintense THz nanooptics with wide potential applications in nanotechnology and nanoscience, including microelectronics,nanoplasmonics, and biomedicine.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Emergence of Venice during the Pleistocene
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Rio, Domenico
name: Massari, Francesco
name: Kukla, George
name: Lanci, Luca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Paleoclimatology

description: The Pleistocene history of sea-level change for the Venice region was reconstructed using an integrated magneto-bio-cyclo-stratigraphy of lithofacies and a published palynofloral analysis of continuously cored sediments in a 950-meter-deep drill core. The basin in which the Venice region is located collapsed at ∼1.8 Ma with slow sediment accumulation in the deeper-water starved basin during most of the Matuyama polarity chron but shoaled rapidly in the early and middle Brunhes in response to a major phase of deltaic progradation. The initial transition to continental sediments occurred during a prominent glacioeustatic low-stand that is likely to be MIS 12 (∼0.43 Ma) but could be as young as MIS 8 (∼0.25 Ma). The Venice area oscillated from below sea level during subsequent major glacioeustatic high-stands to becoming increasingly emergent during major low-stands as the basin continued to fill with marine and continental sediments. Some parts of the Venice area are now emergent for the first time during a glacioeustatic high-stand (i.e., MIS 1 or the Holocene). The total long-term subsidence rate estimated from the VENICE-1 record is less than 0.5 mm/yr, considerably slower than estimates for the Holocene and especially the modern anthropogenic period.