Sparganothoides torusana Kruse and Powell 2009, new species
Creators: name: Kruse, James J.
name: Powell, Jerry A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Tortricidae
Sparganothoides
Sparganothoides torusana

description: 26. Sparganothoides torusana Kruse and Powell, new species   
Figs. 32, 55, 88  
 Diagnosis. Sparganothoides torusana is similar to S. prolesana and S. morata, but S. torusana has modified thoracic scales and a large forward protuberance on the head, both of which are lacking in the other two species. Also, S. morata lacks the basal marking on the forewing present in S. prolesana and S. morata.   
 Description. Male. Head: Frons yellowish white, smooth scaled; vertex roughened, brownish yellow to golden yellow; two large exoskeletal protuberances between mesal-posterior margins of compound eyes; a conical protuberance between antennae; broad area of densely packed, short, yellowish brown to brown scales between anterior and posterior protuberances; short, erect, yellowish white to brown erect scales between posterior protuberances. Labial palpus white mesally, yellowish white to brownish yellow laterally. Antennal scaling yellowish white to brownish yellow. Thorax: Smooth scaled laterally, brownish yellow or golden yellow, dense column of yellowish white to light brown scales mesally; tegula with clump of small orange or brown pointed scales at apex giving tegula truncate appearance. Forewing length 6.1–7.0 mm (= 6.5; n = 8). Forewing with costal fold extending less than one-half wing length; forewing ground color brownish yellow to golden yellow, with scattered orange and brown scaling; dark brown spots and stripes along costal fold; four or five dark brown spots along costa beyond costal fold; dark brown mark at base of wing from mid-base dorsad; brown tornal patch with some orange scales, often angled toward apex from discal cell; often with illdefined, brown, subterminal fascia, vaguely joined to extension of pretornal patch; indistinct orange and brown transverse strigulae in subterminal and terminal areas; dark brown spot at apex of discal cell. Fringe yellowish white or brownish yellow to golden yellow. Hindwing brownish yellow near base, becoming yellowish gray or gray toward margins, usually with ill-defined, large, sparse, gray transverse striae throughout; patch of white scales on anal angle. Abdomen: Gentialia (Fig. 32; slide #5555; EME; Mexico, Veracruz, Rio Metlec, Fortín de las Flores; n = 2) with uncus long, slender, bifurcate apically, with long setae dorsally and short setae ventrally from bifurcation; tegumen distinctly raised, broadly rounded at base of uncus; socius rounded posteriorly, secondary arms long, slender, sharply curved before enlarged, strongly asymmetrically bilobed apices; transtilla strongly sclerotized, straight, spines short, numerous over most of posterior margin, enlarged anterior process reinforced with small invagination at middle; valva ovate without sclerotized crease, costa convex, sacculus convex, pulvinus present; phallus pistol-shaped, aedeagus shorter than phallobase, concave dorsally and ventrally, somewhat hourglass-shaped, tip attenuate apically, attached to juxta by a short process, cornuti with a minute spine near base.   
 Female. Head, Thorax: Essentially as described for male except lacking forewing costal fold, ground color yellowish gray without dark brown spot near base of wing, and other markings less distinct. Forewing length 6.8–7.4 mm (= 7.0; n = 4). Hindwing gray. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 55; slide #5558; EME; Mexico, Veracruz, Río Metlec, Fortín de las Flores; n = 2) with papillae anales parallel-sided, rounded posteriorly; sterigma narrow, lightly sclerotized, entire plate slightly curved; ductus bursae short, widened anteriorly; corpus bursae irregularly rounded; signum approximately three times as long as wide, weakly curved, weakly bilobed, attenuate at apices.   
 Type material. Holotype: Male: MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Río Metlec, Fortín de las Flores, 1010 m, 10.vii.1974, J. Chemsak & J. Powell (EME).   
Paratypes (8♂, 4♀). MEXICO: VERACRUZ: Río Metlec, Fortín de las Flores, 1010 m, 10.vii.1974 (2♂, 3♀), 8.vii.1974 (1♂), 7–12.vii.1974 (1♀), 2.x.1975 (1♂), J. Chemsak & J. Powell (EME, NMNH). 4 mi S La Tinaja, 3.x.1975 (1♂), J. Chemsak (EME). COSTA RICA: PUNTARENAS: Monteverde, 8–10.xii.1978 (1♂), D. Janzen (INBio), 1400 m, 29–31.iii.1992 (1♂), S. McCarty & J. Powell (EME). Finca Cafrosa, Estación Las Mellizas, P.N. Amistad, 1300 m, x.1989 (1♂), G. Mora & M. Ramirez (INBio).  
 Immature stages. Unknown.   
 Biology. Adults were collected in Veracruz, Mexico in July and October, and in Costa Rica in October, December, and March.   
 Distribution. This species is recorded from Veracruz, Mexico and Puntarenas, Costa Rica.   
 Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin “torus” (= a round swelling) and refers to the protuberances of the head.
description: Published as part of Kruse, James J. & Powell, Jerry A., 2009, Systematics of Sparganothoides Lambert and Powell, 1986 (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Sparganothini), pp. 1-78 in Zootaxa 2150 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2150.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5311432