cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of molecular hydrogen absorption toward QSO B0642-5038 for a varying proton-to-electron mass ratio
Creators: name: Bagdonaite, J.
name: Ubachs, W.
name: Murphy, Michael
name: Whitmore, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5101
subject: Astronomical sciences
classificationCode: 5109
subject: Space sciences

description: Rovibronic molecular hydrogen (H-2) transitions at redshift z(abs) similar or equal to 2.659 toward the background quasar B0642-5038 are examined for a possible cosmological variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio mu. We utilize an archival spectrum from the Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) with a signal-to-noise ratio of similar to 35 per 2.5 km s(-1) pixel at the observed H-2 wavelengths (335-410 nm). Some 111 H-2 transitions in the Lyman and Werner bands have been identified in the damped Ly alpha system for which a kinetic gas temperature of similar to 84 K and a molecular fraction log f = -2.18 +/- 0.08 are determined. The H-2 absorption lines are included in a comprehensive fitting method, which allows us to extract a constraint on a variation of the proton-electron mass ratio Delta mu/mu from all transitions at once. We obtain Delta mu/mu = (17.1 +/- 4.5(stat) +/- 3.7(sys)) x 10(-6). However, we find evidence that this measurement has been affected by wavelength miscalibration errors recently identified in UVES. A correction based on observations of objects with solar-like spectra gives a smaller Delta mu/mu value and contributes to a larger systematic uncertainty: Delta mu/mu = (12.7 +/- 4.5(stat) +/- 4.2(sys)) x 10(-6).
Touch screen ensemble music: collaborative interaction for older people with dementia
Creators: name: Favilla, Stuart
name: Pedell, Sonja
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper presents new touch-screen collaborative interaction models for people with dementia. The authors argue that dementia technology has yet to focus on group musical interactions. The project aims to contribute to dementia care while addressing a significant gap in current literature. Research includes observations and two system trials exploring contrasting musical scenarios: the performance of abstract electronic music and the distributed performance of J.S. Bach's Goldberg Variations. Findings presented in this paper suggest that dementia people are able to successfully perform and engage in collaborative music performance activities with little or no scaffolded instruction.
Redshift drift in a universe with structure I: Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi structures with arbitrary angle of entry of light
Creators: name: Koksbang, Sofie Marie
name: Heinesen, Asta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the redshift drift and position drift associated with astrophysical sources in a formalism that is suitable for describing emitters and observers of light in an arbitrary spacetime geometry, while identifying emitters of a given null-geodesic bundle that arrives at the observer worldline. We then restrict the situation to the special case of a Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi (LTB) geometrical structure, and solve for light rays propagating through the structure with arbitrary impact parameters, i.e., with arbitrary angles of entry into the LTB structure. The redshift drift signal emitted by comoving sources and viewed by a comoving observer turns out to be dominated by Ricci curvature and electric Weyl curvature contributions as integrated along the connecting light ray. This property simplifies the computations of the redshift drift signal tremendously, and we expect that the property extends to more complicated models including Swiss-cheese models. When considering several null rays with random impact parameters, the mean redshift drift signal is well approximated by a single Ricci focusing term. This suggests that the measurement of cosmological redshift drift can be used as a direct probe of the strong energy condition in a realistic universe where photons pass through many successive structures.
description: 12 pages and 12 figures. v2: Rearranged figures to match published version (no changes to results or conclusions)
Bazzania arcuata var. mamillosa Gradst. et A. R. Benitez
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Lepidoziaceae
Bazzania
Bazzania arcuata
Bazzania arcuata var. mamillosa gradst. et a.r.benitez

description: Bazzania arcuata var. mamillosa Gradst. et A.R.Benitez,
Nova Hedwigia 99 (1/2): 113, 2014 (see Gradstein & Benitez 2014).
TYPE: “ Ecuador, Zamora Chinchipe, Palanda, La Canela, northern slope of Cerro Plateado, ca. 2300 m, on moist soil and on bases of dwarf trees in rather low and open woody vegetation, 20 August 2012, A.Benitez 558 (holotype: PC; isotype: HUTPL)”.
NOTE: This name also creates the autonym.
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
Bazzania avia Meagher 2013
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Lepidoziaceae
Bazzania
Bazzania avia

description: Bazzania avia Meagher,
Nova Hedwigia 97 (3/4): 529, 2013 (see Meagher 2013).
TYPE: “ Holotype: [Tasmania] Moscal 14014D (HO-522710)”.
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
Effects of Born-Infeld electrodynamics on black hole shadows
Creators: name: He, Aoyun
name: Tao, Jun
name: Wang, Peng
name: Xue, Yadong
name: Zhang, Lingkai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the shadow of Born-Infeld (BI) black holes with magnetic monopoles and Schwarzschild black holes immersed in the BI uniform magnetic field. Illuminated by a celestial sphere, black hole images are obtained by using the backward ray-tracing method. For magnetically charged BI black holes, we find that the shadow radius increases with the increase of nonlinear electromagnetics effects. For Schwarzschild black holes immersed in the BI uniform magnetic field, photons tend to move towards the axis of symmetric, resulting in stretched shadows along the equatorial plane.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures
Modeling of Heat Transfer in Gas-Filled Furnace for Steel Members
Creators: name: Sadiq, H.
name: Wong, M. B.
name: Al-Mahaidi, Riadh
name: Zhao, X.-L.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: A heat transfer model for unprotected steel structural members was proposed in this study. The model accounts for both the variation of the steel emissivity during the fire growth and the view factor effect. The participation of the gases in the heat exchange by radiation was also discussed. The calculation of the view factor of concave steel sections was derived and justified using the heat transfer theory in a realistic situation. A new formulation incorporating the transmissivity, absorptivity and emissivity of the participating medium into the view factor was also presented. A numerical verification was conducted to validate the predicted temperatures with experimental data and a good correlation was achieved. Further, the model was simplified while retaining its accuracy to facilitate the numerical computations carried out by the structural engineers in structural fire design.
Re-laminarization of elastic turbulence
Creators: name: Kumar, M. Vijay
name: Varshney, Atul
name: Li, Dongyang
name: Steinberg, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report frictional drag reduction and a complete flow re-laminarization of elastic turbulence (ET) at vanishing inertia in a viscoelastic channel flow past an obstacle. We show that intensity of observed elastic waves and wall-normal vorticity correlate well with the measured drag above the ET onset. Moreover, we find that the elastic wave frequency grows with Weissenberg number, and at sufficiently high frequency it causes decay of the elastic waves, resulting in ET attenuation and drag reduction. Thus, this allows us to substantiate a physical mechanism, involving interaction of elastic waves with wall-normal vorticity fluctuations, leading to the drag reduction and re-laminarization phenomena at low Reynolds number.
description: 5 figures, Supplemental Material
Generating Non-topological Solitons Via Thermal Corrections: Higgs Balls
Creators: name: Pearce, Lauren
name: White, Graham
name: Kusenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar fields which carry charge can generally form non-topoligical solitons (Q-balls), if the energy in the extended configuration is less than the energy of an equivalent number of free quanta. For global Q-balls, such solitons exist whenever the potential grows slower than quadratically. We show that even in the absence of attractive interactions, finite temperature corrections can generate Q-ball solutions, as the coefficient of cubic corrections is generally negative. As an illustration of this, we consider the possibility of constructing Q-balls using the Higgs field. We first show that the finite temperature corrections would enable the existence of Higgs balls if the Standard Model symmetry was ungauged. We then show that Higgs self-interactions mediated by the Standard Model gauge bosons are sufficient to prevent the existence of these states in the actual Standard Model, but they can be present in a variety of extensions.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures
Gravitational radiation in higher order non-local gravity
Creators: name: Capriolo, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C35 (Primary) 83C05, 83C10 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we examine gravitational radiation in higher order non-local gravity described by the non-local gravitational Lagrangian density $\mathcal{L}_{g}=R+\sum_{h=1}^{n}a_{h}R\Box^{-h}R$. This non-local theory of gravitation always exhibits the tensor transverse gravitational radiation for $k_{1}^{2}=0$, corresponding to the angular frequency $ω_{1}$, composed of two standard $(+)$ and $(\times)$ polarization modes, massless and of helicity 2. Furthermore, it shows, under suitable constraint and $n\geq 2$, an additional massive transverse scalar gravitational radiation with helicity 0. It is composed of $n-1$ modes associated to $n-1$ angular frequencies $ω_{2},\ldots,ω_{n}$, each of which of breathing polarization $(b)$ to lowest order in $γ$, a parameter that takes into account the difference in speed between the slightly massive wave and the massless one. Thanks to NP formalism, we find that the $E(2)$ class of non-local gravitational waves is $N_{3}$, according Petrov classification, where the presence or absence of all modes are observer independent. Also, the scalar radiation is forbidden for $n=1$ and $n=2$ cases, when some conditions are satisfied. Finally, in $\Box^{-1}$ gravity where $n=1$, a possible degenerate case with a continuous infinity of transverse massive scalar breathing modes appears under a particular constraint, which reproduces in two-dimensional spacetime the Polyakov effective action.
description: 31 pages, accepted for publication in International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
Bazzania menzelii E. D. Cooper, Phytotaxa
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Lepidoziaceae
Bazzania
Bazzania menzelii

description: Bazzania menzelii E.D.Cooper,
Phytotaxa 97 (2): 52, 2013 (see Cooper et al. 2013). NOM. NOV. PRO Acromastigum emarginatum Herzog, Trans. Brit. Bryol. Soc. 1 (4): 309, 1950 (see Herzog 1950).
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
Meson scattering in a Lorentz-violating scalar QED at finite temperature
Creators: name: Araújo, M. C.
name: Maluf, R. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates how the nonzero temperature affects the differential cross-section for mesons scattering in a Lorentz-violating extension of the scalar electrodynamics. We initially discuss some features of the model and extract the zero temperature Feynman rules. Temperature effects are introduced using the Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism. It is shown that the corrections induced on the meson scattering are very large in the high-temperature regime. Furthermore, our results also suggest that temperature effects may contribute to new constraints on the Lorentz-violating parameters.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, minor changes to match published version, references added
The simplest model of galaxy formation - I. A formation history model of galaxy stellar mass growth
Creators: name: Mutch, S. J.
name: Croton, Darren
name: Poole, G. B.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We introduce a simple model to self-consistently connect the growth of galaxies to the formation history of their host dark matter haloes. Our model is defined by two simple functions: the 'baryonic growth function' which controls the rate at which new baryonic material is made available for star formation, and the 'physics function' which controls the efficiency with which this material is converted into stars. Using simple, phenomenologically motivated forms for both functions that depend only on a single halo property, we demonstrate the model's ability to reproduce the z = 0 red and blue stellar mass functions. Furthermore, by adding redshift as a second input variable to the physics function we show that the reproduction of the global stellar mass function out to z = 3 is improved. We conclude by discussing the general utility of our new model, highlighting its usefulness for creating mock galaxy samples which have a number of key advantages over those generated by other techniques.
Generic no-scale inflation inspired from string theory compactifications
Creators: name: Wu, Lina
name: Li, Tianjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the generic no-scale inflation inspired from string theory compactifications. We consider the Kähler potentials with an inflaton field $φ$, as well as one, two, and three Kähler moduli. Also, we consider the renormalizable superpotential of $φ$ in general. We study the spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio in details, and find the viable parameter spaces which are consistent with the Planck and BICEP/Keck experimental data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The spectral index is $n_s\simeq 1-2/N \sim 0.965$ for all models, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ is $r\simeq12/N^2$, $ 83/N^4$ and $ 4/N^2$ for the one, two and three moduli models, respectively. The particular $r$ for two moduli model comes from the contributions of the non-negligible higher order term in potential. In the three moduli model, the scalar potential is similar to the global supersymmetry, but the Kähler potential is different. The E-model with $α=1$ and T-model with $α=1/3$ can be realized in the one modulus model and the three moduli model, respectively. Interestingly, the models with quadratic and quartic potentials still satisfy the current tight bound on $r$ after embedding into no-scale supergravity.
description: 40 pages, 32 figures, 2 tables; v2: pubulished version, references added
Bazzania obtusa D. G. Long et Rubas.
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Lepidoziaceae
Bazzania
Bazzania obtusa

description: * Bazzania obtusa D.G.Long et Rubas.,
Ceylon J. Sci., Biol. Sci. 43 (1): 26, 2014, nom. illeg. Art. 52.1; earlier name included [Bazzania obtusata (Taylor) Kuntze 1891] (see Long & Rubasinghe 2014). NOM. NOV. PRO Mastigobryum obtusatum Mitt., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5 (18): 106, 1861 (see Mitten 1860).
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
Upgraded GMRT survey for pulsars in globular clusters. I: Discovery of a millisecond binary pulsar in NGC 6652
Creators: name: Gautam, T.
name: Ridolfi, A.
name: Freire, P. C. C.
name: Wharton, R. S.
name: Gupta, Y.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Oswald, L. S.
name: Kramer, M.
name: DeCesar, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters contain a unique pulsar population, with many exotic systems that can form only in their dense stellar environments. The leap in sensitivity of the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) in India, especially at low radio frequencies ($<$ 1 GHz) has motivated a new search for radio pulsars in a group of eight Southern globular clusters. We discovered PSR J1835$-$3259B, a 1.83-ms pulsar in NGC 6652; this is in a near-circular wide orbit of 28.7 hr with a low-mass ($ \sim 0.2 \, M_{\rm \odot}$) companion, likely a Helium white dwarf. We derived a 10-year timing solution for this system. We also present measurements of scattering, flux densities and spectral indices for some of the previously known pulsars in these GCs. A significant fraction of the pulsars in these clusters have steep spectral indices. Additionally, we detected eight radio point sources not associated with any known pulsar positions in the radio images. There are four newly identified sources, three in NGC 6652 and one in NGC 6539, and one previously identified source each in NGC 1851, NGC 6440, NGC 6544, and Terzan 5. Surprisingly, our images show that our newly discovered pulsar, PSR J1835$-$3259B, is the brightest pulsar in all GCs we have imaged; like other pulsars with broad profiles (Terzan 5 C and O), its flux density in the radio images is much larger than in its pulsations. This indicates that their pulsed emission is only a fraction of their total emission. The detection of radio sources outside the core radii but well within the tidal radii of these clusters show that future GC surveys should complement the search analysis by using the imaging capability of interferometers, and preferentially synthesize large number of search beams in order to obtain a larger field of view.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Early-type galaxies at large galactocentric radii - II. Metallicity gradients and the [Z/H]-mass, [α/Fe]-mass relations
Creators: name: Spolaor, Max
name: Kobayashi, Chiaki
name: Forbes, Duncan
name: Couch, Warrick
name: Hau, George K. T.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We present the results of a study of stellar population properties at large galactocentric radii of 14 low-mass early-type galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo clusters. We derive radial profiles of age, total metallicity [Z/H] and [α/Fe] abundance ratios out to ∼1–3 effective radii by using nearly all of the Lick/IDS absorption-line indices in comparison to recent single stellar population models. We extend our study to higher galaxy mass via a novel literature compilation of 37 early-type galaxies, which provides stellar population properties out to one effective radius. We find that metallicity gradients correlate with galactic mass, and the relationship shows a sharp change in slope at a dynamical mass of ∼3.5 × 1010 M⊙. The central and mean values of the stellar population parameters (measured in r≤re/8 and at r=re, respectively) define positive mass trends. We suggest that the low metallicities, almost solar [α/Fe] ratios and the tight mass–metallicity gradient relation displayed by the low-mass galaxies are indicative of an early star-forming collapse with extended (i.e. ≥1 Gyr), low-efficiency star formation, and mass-dependent galactic outflows of metal-enriched gas. The flattening of metallicity gradients in high-mass galaxies and the broad scatter of the relationship are attributed to merger events. The high metallicities and supersolar abundances shown by these galaxies imply a rapid, high efficiency star formation. The observed [Z/H]–mass and [α/Fe]–mass relationships can be interpreted as a natural outcome of an early star-forming collapse. However, we find that hierarchical galaxy formation models implementing mass-dependent star formation efficiency, varying initial mass function, energy feedback via active galactic nucleus and the effects due to merger-induced starbursts can also reproduce both our observed relationships.
Blepharostoma indicum G. Asthana, M. Saxena et Maurya, J. Bryol.
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Pseudolepicoleaceae
Blepharostoma
Blepharostoma indicum

description: Blepharostoma indicum G.Asthana, M.Saxena et Maurya,
J. Bryol. 35 (4): 267, 2013 ‘ indica ’ (see Asthana et al. 2013).
TYPE: “ INDIA, & Western Himalaya: Uttarakhand, Mukteshwar, 2 km from forest check post in dense coniferous forest, alt. ca 2286 m, 29.5°N 79.7°E, 17 November 2007, Murti Saxena & Mridula Maurya 20216/07 (LWU, holotype)”.
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
Anisotropic Gigahertz Antiferromagnetic Resonances of the Easy-Axis van der Waals Antiferromagnet CrSBr
Creators: name: Cham, Thow Min Jerald
name: Karimeddiny, Saba
name: Dismukes, Avalon H.
name: Roy, Xavier
name: Ralph, Daniel C.
name: Luo, Yunqiu Kelly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of antiferromagnetic resonances in the van der Waals easy-axis antiferromagnet CrSBr. The interlayer exchange field and magnetocrystalline anisotropy fields are comparable to laboratory magnetic fields, allowing a rich variety of gigahertz-frequency dynamical modes to be accessed. By mapping the resonance frequencies as a function of the magnitude and angle of applied magnetic field we identify the different regimes of antiferromagnetic dynamics. The spectra show good agreement with a Landau-Lifshitz model for two antiferromagnetically-coupled sublattices, accounting for inter-layer exchange and triaxial magnetic anisotropy. Fits allow us to quantify the parameters governing the magnetic dynamics: at 5 K, the interlayer exchange field is $μ_0 H_E =$ 0.395(2) T, and the hard and intermediate-axis anisotropy parameters are $μ_0 H_c =$ 1.30(2) T and $μ_0 H_a =$ 0.383(7) T. The existence of within-plane anisotropy makes it possible to control the degree of hybridization between the antiferromagnetic resonances using an in-plane magnetic field.
description: 50 pages 16 Figures
KSSOLV 2.0: An efficient MATLAB toolbox for solving the Kohn-Sham equations with plane-wave basis set
Creators: name: Jiao, Shizhe
name: Zhang, Zhenlin
name: Wu, Kai
name: Wan, Lingyun
name: Ma, Huanhuan
name: Li, Jielan
name: Chen, Sheng
name: Qin, Xinming
name: Liu, Jie
name: Ding, Zijing
name: Yang, Jinlong
name: Li, Yingzhou
name: Hu, Wei
name: Lin, Lin
name: Yang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: KSSOLV (Kohn-Sham Solver) is a MATLAB toolbox for performing Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) calculations with a plane-wave basis set. KSSOLV 2.0 preserves the design features of the original KSSOLV software to allow users and developers to easily set up a problem and perform ground-state calculations as well as to prototype and test new algorithms. Furthermore, it includes new functionalities such as new iterative diagonalization algorithms, k-point sampling for electron band structures, geometry optimization and advanced algorithms for performing DFT calculations with local, semi-local, and hybrid exchange-correlation functionals. It can be used to study the electronic structures of both molecules and solids. We describe these new capabilities in this work through a few use cases. We also demonstrate the numerical accuracy and computational efficiency of KSSOLV on a variety of examples.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, software release
Calypogeia udarii Sudipa Das et D. K. Singh
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Jungermanniales
Calypogeiaceae
Calypogeia
Calypogeia udarii

description: Calypogeia udarii Sudipa Das et D.K.Singh,
Nelumbo 53: 194, 2011 (see Das & Singh 2011).
TYPE: “ India: Eastern Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Lower Dibang Valley district, Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Mayodia top, c. 2850 m, 18. 11. 2000, D.K.Singh 98225 (BSD)”.
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
New searches for H I 21 cm in damped Lyman α absorption systems
Creators: name: Curran, S. J.
name: Tzanavaris, P.
name: Darling, J. K.
name: Whiting, M. T.
name: Webb, J. K.
name: Bignell, C.
name: Athreya, R.
name: Murphy, Michael
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We present the results of three separate searches for H i 21-cm absorption in a total of 12 damped Lyman α absorption systems (DLAs) and sub-DLAs over the redshift range zabs= 0.86–3.37 . We find no absorption in the five systems for which we obtain reasonable sensitivities and add the results to those of other recent surveys in order to investigate factors which could have an effect on the detection rate. We provide evidence that the mix of spin temperature/covering factor ratios seen at low redshift may also exist at high redshift, with a correlation between the 21-cm line strength and the total neutral hydrogen column density, indicating a roughly constant spin temperature/covering factor ratio for all of the DLAs searched. Also, by considering the geometry of a flat expanding Universe together with the projected sizes of the background radio emission regions, we find, for the detections, that the 21-cm line strength is correlated with the size of the absorber. For the non-detections, it is apparent that larger absorbers (covering factors) are required in order to exhibit 21-cm absorption, particularly if these DLAs do not arise in spiral galaxies. We also suggest that the recent zabs= 2.3 detection towards TXS 0311+430 arises in a spiral galaxy, but on the basis of a large absorption cross-section and high metallicity, rather than a low spin temperature.
Wigner time for electromagnetic radiation in plasma
Creators: name: Gaponenko, Sergey
name: Novitsky, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave tunneling is an intriguing phenomenon spanning different branches of physics, from quantum mechanics to classical electrodynamics and optics. The Wigner (or phase) time is proved to be an adequate measure to describe wave transit through a potential barrier or material layer in the tunneling regime. Here, we analytically and numerically calculate the Wigner time for electromagnetic-radiation propagation through the layer of both lossless and lossy plasmas. It is shown that the plasma frequency is the key parameter governing the value of Wigner time allowing us to interpret tunneling as due to the reaction of plasma as a whole. We analyze the Wigner time for obliquely incident waves of TE and TM polarizations and discuss the meaning of negative Wigner times appearing in the lossy case in the low-frequency range and close to the plasma frequency. The results show that plasma deserves attention as a perspective object for tunneling studies.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Capillolejeunea geisslerae R. L. Zhu, Qiong He, Y. M. Wei et Pocs, Phytotaxa
Creators: name: Söderström, Lars
name: Hagborg, Anders
name: Konrat, Matt Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Marchantiophyta
Jungermanniopsida
Porellales
Lejeuneaceae
Capillolejeunea
Capillolejeunea geisslerae

description: Capillolejeunea geisslerae (Pócs) R.L.Zhu, Qiong He, Y.M.Wei et Pócs,
Phytotaxa 175 (3): 167, 2014 (see He et al. 2014b). BASIONYM: Drepanolejeunea geisslerae Pócs, Candollea 56 (1): 70, 2001 (see Pócs 2001).
description: Published as part of Söderström, Lars, Hagborg, Anders & Konrat, Matt Von, 2016, Early Land Plants Today: Index of Liverworts & Hornworts 2013 - 2014, pp. 133-185 in Phytotaxa 269 (3) on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.269.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4779693
Inflation, SUSY breaking, and primordial black holes in modified supergravity coupled to chiral matter
Creators: name: Aldabergenov, Yermek
name: Addazi, Andrea
name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel model of the modified (Starobinsky-like) old-minimal-type supergravity coupled to a chiral matter superfield, that can {\it simultaneously} describe multi-field inflation, primordial black hole (PBH) formation, dark matter (DM), and spontaneous supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking after inflation in a Minkowski vacuum. The PBH masses in our supergravity model of double slow-roll inflation, with a short phase of "ultra-slow-roll" between two slow-roll phases, are close to $10^{18}$ g. We find that a significant PBH fraction in the allowed mass window can be supplemented by spontaneous SUSY breaking in the vacuum with the gravitino mass close to the scalaron (inflaton) mass M of the order $10^{13}$ GeV. Our supergravity model favors the {\it composite} nature of DM as a mixture of PBH and heavy gravitinos as the lightest SUSY particles. The composite DM significantly relaxes fine-tuning needed for the whole PBH-DM. The PBH-DM fraction is derived, and the second-order gravitational wave background induced by the enhanced scalar perturbations is calculated. Those gravitational waves may be accessible by the future space-based gravitational interferometers.
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, 7 tables. V3: sections 6 and 7 revised, figures 12 and 13 corrected, new references added. Version accepted to EPJC
To incentivize or not: Impact of blockchain-based cryptoeconomic tokens on human information sharing behavior
Creators: name: Ballandies, Mark Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cryptoeconomic incentives in the form of blockchain-based tokens are seen as an enabler of the sharing economy that could shift society towards greater sustainability. Nevertheless, knowledge of the impact of these tokens on human sharing behavior is still limited and this poses a challenge to the design of effective cryptoeconomic incentives. This study applies the theory of self-determination to investigate the impact of such tokens on human behavior in an information-sharing scenario. By utilizing an experimental methodology in the form of a randomized control trial with a 2x2 factorial design involving 132 participants, the effects of two token incentives on human information-sharing behavior are analyzed. Individuals obtain these tokens in exchange for their shared information. Based on the collected tokens, individuals receive a monetary payment and build reputation. Besides investigating the effect of these incentives on the quantity of shared information, the study includes quality characteristics of the information, such as accuracy and contextualization. The focus on quantity while excluding quality has been identified as a limitation in previous work. In addition to confirming previously known effects such as a crowding-out of intrinsic motivation by incentives, which also exists for blockchain-based tokens, the findings of this paper point to a hitherto unreported interaction effect between multiple tokens when applied simultaneously. The findings are critically discussed and put into the context of recent work and ethical considerations. The theory-based-empirical study is of interest to those investigating the effect of cryptoeconomic tokens or digital currencies on human behavior and supports the community in the design of effective personalized incentives for sharing economies.
Discontinuity Computing using Physics-Informed Neural Network
Creators: name: Liu, Li
name: Liu, Shengping
name: Xie, Hui
name: Xiong, Fansheng
name: Yu, Tengchao
name: Xiao, Mengjuan
name: Liu, Lufeng
name: Yong, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Simulating discontinuities is a long standing problem especially for shock waves with strong nonlinear feather. Despite being a promising method, the recently developed physics-informed neural network (PINN) is still weak for calculating discontinuities compared with traditional shock-capturing methods. In this paper, we intend to improve the shock-capturing ability of the PINN. The primary strategy of this work is to weaken the expression of the network near discontinuities by adding a gradient-weight into the governing equations locally at each residual point. This strategy allows the network to focus on training smooth parts of the solutions. Then, automatically affected by the compressible property near shock waves, a sharp discontinuity appears with wrong inside shock transition-points compressed into well-trained smooth regions as passive particles. We study the solutions of one-dimensional Burgers equation and one- and two-dimensional Euler equations. Compared with the traditional high-order WENO-Z method in numerical examples, the proposed method can substantially improve discontinuity computing.
Galaxy group at z = 0.3 associated with the damped Lyman α system towards quasar Q1127-145
Creators: name: Kacprzak, Glenn
name: Murphy, Michael
name: Churchill, Christopher W.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: We performed a spectroscopic galaxy survey, complete to mF814W≤ 20.3 (LB > 0.15L★B at z= 0.3), within 100 × 100 arcsec2 of the quasar Q1127& 8211;145 (zem= 1.18). The Very Large Telescope/Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) quasar spectrum contains three zabs < 0.33 Mg ii absorption systems. We obtained eight new galaxy redshifts, adding to the four previously known, and galaxy star formation rates (SFRs) and metallicities were computed where possible. A strong Mg ii system [Wr(2796) = 1.8Å], which is a known damped Lyman α absorber (DLA), had three previously identified galaxies; we found two additional galaxies associated with this system. These five galaxies form a group with diverse properties, such as a luminosity range of 0.04 ≤LB≤ 0.63 L★B, an impact parameter range of 17 ≤D≤ 241 kpc and a velocity dispersion of σ= 115 km s−1. The DLA group galaxy redshifts span beyond the 350 km s−1 velocity spread of the metallic absorption lines of the DLA itself. The two brightest group galaxies have SFRs of ∼few M⊙ yr−1 and should not have strong winds. We have sufficient spectroscopic information to directly compare three of the five group galaxies' (emission-line) metallicities with the DLA (absorption) metallicity: the DLA metallicity is one-tenth solar, substantially lower than the three galaxies' metallicity which ranges between less than 1/2 solar to solar. Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC-2) imaging shows perturbed morphologies for the three brightest group galaxies, with tidal tails extending ∼25 kpc. We favour a scenario where the DLA absorption originates from tidal debris in the group environment. Another absorber exhibits weak Mg ii absorption [Wr(2796) = 0.03Å] and had a previously identified galaxy at a similar redshift. We have identified a second galaxy associated with this system. Both galaxies have solar metallicities and unperturbed morphologies in the HST/WFPC-2 image. The SFR of one galaxy is much lower than that expected for strong outflows. Finally, we have also identified five galaxies at large impact parameters with no associated Mg ii absorption [Wr(2796) ≲ 5.7 mÅ, 3σ] in the spectrum of Q1127–145.
The Half-period Addition Formulae for Genus Two Hyperelliptic $\wp$ Functions and the Sp(4,$\mathbb{R}$) Lie Group Structure
Creators: name: Hayashi, Masahito
name: Shigemoto, Kazuyasu
name: Tsukioka, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous study, by using the two-flows Kowalevski top, we have demonstrated that the genus two hyperelliptic functions provide the Sp(4,$\mathbb{R}$)/$Z_2$ $\cong$ SO(3,2) Lie algebra structure. In this study, by directly using the differential equations of the genus two hyperelliptic $\wp$ functions instead of using integrable models, we demonstrate that the half-period addition formula for the genus two hyperelliptic functions provides the order two Sp(4,$\mathbb{R}$) Lie group structure.
description: 16 pages
Deep Multi-Task Networks For Occluded Pedestrian Pose Estimation
Creators: name: Das, Arindam
name: Das, Sudip
name: Sistu, Ganesh
name: Horgan, Jonathan
name: Bhattacharya, Ujjwal
name: Jones, Edward
name: Glavin, Martin
name: Eising, Ciarán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most of the existing works on pedestrian pose estimation do not consider estimating the pose of an occluded pedestrian, as the annotations of the occluded parts are not available in relevant automotive datasets. For example, CityPersons, a well-known dataset for pedestrian detection in automotive scenes does not provide pose annotations, whereas MS-COCO, a non-automotive dataset, contains human pose estimation. In this work, we propose a multi-task framework to extract pedestrian features through detection and instance segmentation tasks performed separately on these two distributions. Thereafter, an encoder learns pose specific features using an unsupervised instance-level domain adaptation method for the pedestrian instances from both distributions. The proposed framework has improved state-of-the-art performances of pose estimation, pedestrian detection, and instance segmentation.
description: 4 pages, 5 tables, 2 figures
A high-velocity narrow absorption line outflow in the quasar J212329.46 - 005052.9
Creators: name: Hamann, F.
name: Kanekar, N.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Murphy, Michael
name: Ellison, S.
name: Malec, A. L.
name: Milutinovic, N.
name: Ubachs, W.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5101
subject: Astronomical sciences
classificationCode: 5109
subject: Space sciences

description: We report on the discovery of a high-velocity narrow absorption line outflow in the redshift 2.3 quasar J212329.46 − 005052.9. Five distinct outflow systems are detected with velocity shifts from −9710 to −14 050 km s−1 and C iv λλ1548, 1551 linewidths of FWHM ≈ 62–164 km s−1. This outflow is remarkable for having high speeds and a degree of ionization similar to broad absorption line (BAL) flows, but linewidths roughly 100 times narrower than BALs and no apparent X-ray absorption. This is also, to our knowledge, the highest-velocity narrow absorption line system confirmed to be in a quasar outflow by all three indicators of line variability, smooth superthermal line profiles and doublet ratios that require partial covering of the quasar continuum source. All five systems have stronger absorption in O vi  λλ1032, 1038 than C iv with no lower ionization metal lines detected. Their line variabilities also appear coordinated, with each system showing larger changes in C iv than O vi and line strength variations accompanied by nearly commensurate changes in the absorber covering fractions. The metallicity is approximately twice solar. These data require five distinct outflow structures with similar kinematics, physical conditions and characteristic sizes of order 0.01–0.02 pc (based on partial covering). The coordinated line variations, occurring on time-scales ≤0.63 yr (quasar frame), are best explained by global changes in the outflow ionization caused by changes in the quasar’s ionizing flux. An upper limit on the acceleration, ≲3 km s−1 yr−1, is consistent with blobs of gas that are gravitationally unbound and coasting freely ≳5 pc from the central black hole. Additional constraints from the variability time indicate that the full range of plausible distances is 5 ≲ R ≲ 1100 pc. However, if these small absorbing structures were created in the inner flow, they should be near the ∼5 pc minimum radius because they can travel just a few pc before dissipating (without external confinement). An apparent double line-lock in C iv suggests that the flow was radiatively accelerated and its present trajectory is within ∼16° of the radial (line-of-sight) direction. The absence of strong X-ray absorption shows that radiative shielding in the far-UV and X-rays is not needed to maintain moderate BAL-like ionizations and therefore, apparently, it is not needed to facilitate the radiative acceleration to high speeds. We argue that the ionization is moderated, instead, by high gas densities in small outflow substructures. Finally, we estimate that the kinetic energy yield from this outflow is at least 2 orders of magnitude too low to be important for feedback to the host galaxy& 8217;s evolution.
Hierarchical Context Tagging for Utterance Rewriting
Creators: name: Jin, Lisa
name: Song, Linfeng
name: Jin, Lifeng
name: Yu, Dong
name: Gildea, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Utterance rewriting aims to recover coreferences and omitted information from the latest turn of a multi-turn dialogue. Recently, methods that tag rather than linearly generate sequences have proven stronger in both in- and out-of-domain rewriting settings. This is due to a tagger's smaller search space as it can only copy tokens from the dialogue context. However, these methods may suffer from low coverage when phrases that must be added to a source utterance cannot be covered by a single context span. This can occur in languages like English that introduce tokens such as prepositions into the rewrite for grammaticality. We propose a hierarchical context tagger (HCT) that mitigates this issue by predicting slotted rules (e.g., "besides_") whose slots are later filled with context spans. HCT (i) tags the source string with token-level edit actions and slotted rules and (ii) fills in the resulting rule slots with spans from the dialogue context. This rule tagging allows HCT to add out-of-context tokens and multiple spans at once; we further cluster the rules to truncate the long tail of the rule distribution. Experiments on several benchmarks show that HCT can outperform state-of-the-art rewriting systems by ~2 BLEU points.
description: Update terms for span index attention in Eq. 6 and add appendix. 10 pages, AAAI 2022
Universal Relations for the Increase in the Mass and Radius of a Rotating Neutron Star
Creators: name: Konstantinou, Andreas
name: Morsink, Sharon M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rotation causes an increase in a neutron star's mass and equatorial radius. The mass and radius depend sensitively on the unknown equation of state (EOS) of cold, dense matter. However, the increases in mass and radius due to rotation are almost independent of the EOS. The EOS independence leads to the idea of neutron star universality. In this paper, we compute sequences of rotating neutron stars with constant central density. We use a collection of randomly generated EOS to construct simple correction factors to the mass and radius computed from the equations of hydrostatic equilibrium for non-rotating neutron stars. The correction factors depend only on the non-rotating star's mass and radius and are almost independent of the EOS. This makes it computationally inexpensive to include observations of rotating neutron stars in EOS inference codes. We also construct a mapping from the measured mass and radius of a rotating neutron star to a corresponding non-rotating star. The mapping makes it possible to construct a zero-spin mass-radius curve if the masses and radii of many neutron stars with different spins are measured. We show that the changes in polar and equatorial radii are symmetric, in that the polar radius shrinks at the same rate that the equatorial radius grows. This symmetry is related to the observation that the equatorial compactness (the ratio of mass to radius) is almost constant on one of the constant-density sequences.
description: Minor updates to references and citations to reflect final published version of paper