cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(4251) Irene Marion Bishop-Ackerman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Additional layers of gene regulatory complexity from recently discovered microRNA mechanisms
Creators: name: Fried, Howard M.
name: Jeffries, Clark D.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: In recent years microRNAs have become recognized as pervasive, versatile agents of gene regulation. Some widely embraced rules involving Watson-Crick hybridization of microRNAs with mRNAs have generated great interest as scientists envision potential RNA cargoes for gene therapy and other experimental systems. However, while researchers ardently seek simplifying principles, nature seems very uncooperative. This article reviews some small RNA mechanisms that potentially regulate genes and which are not covered by previous microRNAs characterizations. In addition, we report here results of fluorescence microscopy experiments to directly demonstrate nuclear importation of small RNAs equal in length to typical mature microRNAs, implying that gene regulation at the locus of transcription might be possible.
On 2-microlocal spaces with all exponents variable
Creators: name: Almeida, Alexandre
name: Caetano, António
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E35, 46E30, 42B25

description: In this paper we study various key properties for $2$-microlocal Besov and Triebel--Lizorkin spaces with all exponents variable, including the lifting property, embeddings and Fourier multipliers. We also clarify and improve some statements recently published.
description: 24 pages
Strongly coupled magnon-plasmon polaritons in graphene- 2D ferromagnet heterostructures
Creators: name: Costa, A. T.
name: Vasilevskiy, M. I.
name: Fernández-Rossier, J.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnons and plasmons are two very different types of collective modes, acting on the spin and charge degrees of freedom, respectively. At first sight, the formation of hybrid plasmon-magnon polaritons in heterostructures of plasmonic and magnetic systems would face two challenges, the small mutual interaction, via Zeeman coupling of the electromagnetic field of the plasmon with the spins, and the energy mismatch, as in most systems plasmons have energies in the eV range, orders of magnitude larger than magnons. Here we show that graphene plasmons form polaritons with the magnons of two-dimensional ferrromagnetic insulators, placed up to to half a micron apart, with Rabi couplings in the range of 100 GHz (dramatically larger than cavity QED magnonics). This strong coupling is facilitated both by the small energy of graphene plasmons and the cooperative super-radiant nature of the plasmon-magnon coupling afforded by phase matching. We show that the Rabi coupling can be modulated both electrically and mechanically and we propose a attenuated total internal reflection experiment to implement ferromagnetic resonance experiments on 2D ferromagnets driven by plasmon excitation.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, appendix
Model-Independent Learning of Quantum Phases of Matter with Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Liu, Yu-Jie
name: Smith, Adam
name: Knap, Michael
name: Pollmann, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs) have been introduced as classifiers for gapped quantum phases of matter. Here, we propose a model-independent protocol for training QCNNs to discover order parameters that are unchanged under phase-preserving perturbations. We initiate the training sequence with the fixed-point wavefunctions of the quantum phase and then add translation-invariant noise that respects the symmetries of the system to mask the fixed-point structure on short length scales. We illustrate this approach by training the QCNN on phases protected by time-reversal symmetry in one dimension, and test it on several time-reversal symmetric models exhibiting trivial, symmetry-breaking, and symmetry-protected topological order. The QCNN discovers a set of order parameters that identifies all three phases and accurately predicts the location of the phase boundary. The proposed protocol paves the way towards hardware-efficient training of quantum phase classifiers on a programmable quantum processor.
(4253) Daisy Emily Bishop-Ackerman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Patterns in transitional shear turbulence. Part 1. Energy transfer and mean-flow interaction
Creators: name: Gomé, S.
name: Tuckerman, L. S.
name: Barkley, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low Reynolds number turbulence in wall-bounded shear flows en route to laminar flow takes the form of spatially intermittent turbulent structures. In plane shear flows, these appear as a regular pattern of alternating turbulent and quasi-laminar flow. Both the physical and the spectral energy balance of a turbulent-laminar pattern in plane Couette flow are computed and compared to those of uniform turbulence. In the patterned state, the mean flow is strongly modulated and is fuelled by two mechanisms: primarily, the nonlinear self-interaction of the mean flow (via mean advection), and secondly, the extraction of energy from turbulent fluctuations (via negative spectral production, associated with an energy transfer from small to large scales). Negative production at large scales is also found in the uniformly turbulent state. Important features of the energy budgets are surveyed as a function of $Re$ through the transition between uniform turbulence and turbulent-laminar patterns.
description: 29 pages, 15 figures
On the relationship between beaks and body size in Sepia officinalis from the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean)
Creators: name: GIORDANO, Daniela
name: BOTTARI, Teresa
name: BUSALACCHI, Barbara
name: JEREB, Patrizia
name: RAGONESE, Sergio
name: RINELLI, Paola
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: This paper provides information on the relationships between beak growth and body size in Sepia officinalis
 (Linnaeus, 1758) from the southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Central Mediterranean). Beaks of 146 specimens of Sepia officinalis
 (77 females, 69 males) were examined. To find possible differences between the mandibles of females and males, a t test
 was performed on morphometric data and a multivariate analysis carried out afterwards. Results indicated that the relation-
 ships between dorsal mantle length (ML) and beak measurements were allometric. The crest of both the upper and lower
 beaks grows faster than other parts of the beak in males and females. Changes in the beak morphometry depend only on
 body size and are not correlated with sex and maturity stage.
MicroRNAs 1, 133, and 206: Critical factors of skeletal and cardiac muscle development, function, and disease
Creators: name: Townley-Tilson, W. H.Davin
name: Callis, Thomas E.
name: Wang, Dazhi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs are known to mediate myriad cell processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. With more than 600 miRNAs identified in humans, it is generally believed that many miRNAs function through simultaneously inhibiting multiple regulatory mRNA targets, suggesting that miRNAs participate in regulating the expression of many, if not all, genes. While many miRNAs are expressed ubiquitously, some are expressed in a tissue specific manner. The muscle specific miR-1, miR-133 and miR-206 are perhaps the most studied and best characterized miRNAs to date. Many studies demonstrate that these miRNAs are necessary for proper skeletal and cardiac muscle development and function, and have a profound influence on multiple myopathies, such as hypertrophy, dystrophy, and conduction defects.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Plasmon-Mediated Chemical Transformations
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaoyan
name: van der Heide, Tammo
name: Frauenheim, Thomas
name: Tretiak, Sergei
name: Yam, ChiYung
name: Zhang, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterogeneous catalysis of adsorbates on metallic surfaces mediated by plasmon has potential high photoelectric conversion efficiency and controllable reaction selectivity. Theoretical modeling of dynamical reaction processes provides in-depth analyses complementing experimental investigations. Especially for plasmon-mediated chemical transformations, light absorption, photoelectric conversion, electron-electron scattering, and electron-phonon coupling occur simultaneously at different timescales, rendering it very challenging to delineate the complex interplay of different factors. In this work, a trajectory surface hopping non-adiabatic molecular dynamics method is used to investigate the dynamics of plasmon excitation in an Au$_{20}$-CO system, including hot carrier generation, plasmon energy relaxation, and CO activation induced by electron-vibration coupling. The electronic properties indicate that when Au$_{20}$-CO is excited, a partial charge transfer takes place from Au$_{20}$ to CO. On the other hand, the dynamical simulations show that hot carriers generated after plasmon excitation transfer back and forth between Au$_{20}$ and CO. Meanwhile, the C-O stretching mode is activated due to the non-adiabatic couplings. The efficiency of plasmon-mediated transformation ($\sim$40\%) is obtained based on the ensemble average of these quantities. Our simulations provide important dynamical and atomistic insights into plasmon-mediated chemical transformation from the perspective of non-adiabatic simulations.
Capitellidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Coiba National Park, Pacific Coast of Panamá, with a new species of the genus Amastigos
Creators: name: LÓPEZ, Eduardo
name: CAPA, María
name: AGUADO, María Teresa
name: CLADERA, Pedro
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: During a study carried out in Coiba National Park (Pacific coast of Panamá), several samples were collected from
 various substrata: dead coral heads, tidal flats, intertidal boulders and subtidal coarse sands. The results of the study of these
 samples regarding the family Capitellidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) are presented in this paper. Nine species are reported. A
 new species belonging to the genus Amastigos is described; it can be distinguished from the rest of the species within the
 genus by the shape of both thoracic and abdominal chaetigers. Another species, Leiocapitella glabra is reported for the first
 time in the Panamanian Pacific. Some specimens belonging to the genus Dasybranchus and Leiocapitella are partially
 described and figured showing their interesting morphological features, however, due to their poor preservation they have
 not been assigned to any described species.
The zinc finger transcription factor ZKSCAN3 promotes prostate cancer cell migration
Creators: name: Yang, Nan
name: Jing, Yu
name: Jiang, Yelin
name: Yang, Lin
name: Zhang, Xingding
name: Meng, Huimin
name: Qin, Yang
name: Hunsucker, Sally
name: Sui, Jun
name: An, Gangli
name: Gao, Li
name: Orlowski, Robert Z.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In our previous studies, ZKSCAN3 was demonstrated to be over-expressed in invasive colonic tumor cells and their liver metastases, but minimally expressed in adjacent non-transformed tissues. Further preliminary data showed that ZKSCAN3 was expressed in a majority of prostate cancer patient samples, but not in normal prostate tissues. Moreover, the ZKSCAN3 protein is highly expressed in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line, which has high metastatic potential, but little expression was observed in non-metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. Thus, we hypothesized that ZKSCAN3 could participate in tumor metastasis by regulating tumor cell migration. To test this hypothesis, ZKSCAN3 mRNA was knocked down by ZKSCAN3 specific shRNA in PC3 cells and a significant decrease in cell motility was observed. In contrast, when ZKSCAN3 cDNA was overexpressed in PC3 cells, cell detachment was observed and suspension culture induced apoptosis was greatly decreased, suggesting that ZKSCAN3 is able to enhance PC3 cell survival under anoikis stress. Additional wound healing and invasion assays showed that cell migration was enhanced by ZKSCAN3 expression. Interestingly, the ZKSCAN3 gene was amplified in 26% (5/19) of metastatic prostate cancers and 20% (1/5) of lymph node metastases, but there was no amplification found in primary prostate cancers, further supporting the role of ZKSCAN3 in tumor cell migration. In vivo studies using orthotopic tumor models indicated that overexpression of ZKSCAN3 significantly enhanced tumorigenicity. Taken together, we provide evidence that ZKSCAN3, a zinc finger transcription factor, plays a critical role in promoting prostate cancer cell migration.
(4271) Samuel Caw
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
TopicFlow: Disentangling quark and gluon jets with normalizing flows
Creators: name: Dolan, Matthew J.
name: Ore, Ayodele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isolation of pure samples of quark and gluon jets is of key interest at hadron colliders. Recent work has employed topic modeling to disentangle the underlying distributions in mixed samples obtained from experiments. However, current implementations do not scale to high-dimensional observables as they rely on binning the data. In this work we introduce TopicFlow, a method based on normalizing flows to learn quark and gluon jet topic distributions from mixed datasets. These networks are as performant as the histogram-based approach, but since they are unbinned, they are efficient even in high dimension. The models can also be oversampled to alleviate the statistical limitations of histograms. As an example use case, we demonstrate how our models can improve the calibration accuracy of a classifier. Finally, we discuss how the flow likelihoods can be used to perform outlier-robust quark/gluon classification.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. v2: Added footnote in Section III B. Added baseline and related discussion to Section III C. v3: Match published version
Description morphologique et histologique de l'hyperostose vertébrale chez la thonine noire, Euthynnus lineatus (Teleostei : Perciformes : Scombridae)
Creators: name: BÉAREZ, Philippe
name: MEUNIER, François J.
name: KACEM, Adnane
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: Morphological and histological description of the vertebral hyperostosis in the black skipjack tuna Euthynnus
 lineatus (Teleostei, Perciformes, Scombridae). The morphological study of living and fossil (archeological material) speci-
 mens confirms the regularity and the permanence of a hyperostotic process on the 31st and 32nd vertebrae in the black skip-
 jack Euthynnus lineatus. The histological study shows that the hyperostosis results from a double process: a significative
 increase of the periosteal osteogenesis followed by an important resorption that creates numerous vascular cavities. So we
 present a new example of hyperostosis, which affects cellular bone. The factors that control this hyperostotic phenomenon
 in the black skipjack are hypothetic even if hydro-mechanical constraints and genetic factors seem the more likely. The
 physiological links between mechanical constraints and the hyperostosis must be decrypted to better understand the whole
 phenomenon in the black skipjack.
Usefullness of interRAI EU ADHOC and SHELTER datasets for conducting medication-related research and informing drug-policy (oral presentation). In: EU interRAI projects ADHOC, SHELTER and iBenc and their importance for informing and shaping the clinical practice, care provision and policy in European countries (Symposium). International Association of Geriatrics and Gerontology- European Region Congress, Gothenburg, Sweden, May 23-5, 2019
Creators: name: Fialová, Daniela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: appropriate drug prescribing
EU projects
interRAI
databases
potentially inappropriate medications

description: Oral presentation at IAGG Symposium emphasizing the importance of interRAI-related projects (ADHOC, SHELTER, iBENC and the EUROAGEISM H2020 project (only FIP7)) in evaluation of care needs of older patients and in evaluation of the appropriateness of drug prescribing in older patients.
description: oral presentation at Symposium
Cystic fibrosis: An inherited disease affecting mucin-producing organs
Creators: name: Ehre, Camille
name: Ridley, Caroline
name: Thornton, David J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Our current understanding of cystic fibrosis (CF) has revealed that the biophysical properties of mucus play a considerable role in the pathogenesis of the disease in view of the fact that most mucus-producing organs are affected in CF patients. In this review, we discuss the potential causal relationship between altered cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function and the production of mucus with abnormal biophysical properties in the intestine and lungs, highlighting what has been learned from cell cultures and animal models that mimic CF pathogenesis. A similar cascade of events, including mucus obstruction, infection and inflammation, is common to all epithelia affected by impaired surface hydration. Hence, the main structural components of mucus, namely the polymeric, gel-forming mucins, are critical to the onset of the disease. Defective CFTR leads to epithelial surface dehydration, altered pH/electrolyte composition and mucin concentration. Further, it can influence mucin transition from the intracellular to extracellular environment, potentially resulting in aberrant mucus gel formation. While defective HCO3− production has long been identified as a feature of CF, it has only recently been considered as a key player in the transition phase of mucins. We conclude by examining the influence of mucins on the biophysical properties of CF sputum and discuss existing and novel therapies aimed at removing mucus from the lungs.
Observation of solar high energy gamma and X-ray emission and solar energetic particles
Creators: name: Struminsky, Alexei
name: Gan, Weiqun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We considered 18 solar flares observed between June 2010 and July 2012, in which high energy >100 MeV γ-emission was registered by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard FermiGRO. We examined for these γ-events soft X-ray observations by GOES, hard X-ray observations by the Anti-Coincidence Shield of the SPectrometer aboard INTEGRAL (ACS SPI) and the Gamma-Ray burst Monitor (GBM) aboard FermiGRO. Hard X-ray and π0-decay γ-ray emissions are used as tracers of electron and proton acceleration, respectively. Bursts of hard X-ray were observed by ACS SPI during impulsive phase of 13 events. Bursts of hard X-ray >100 keV were not found during time intervals, when prolonged hard γ-emission was registered by LAT/FermiGRO. Those events showing prolonged high-energy gamma-ray emission not accompanied by >100 keV hard X-ray emission are interpreted as an indication of either different acceleration processes for protons and electrons or as the presence of a proton population accelerated during the impulsive phase of the flare and subsequently trapped by some magnetic structure. In-situ energetic particle measurements by GOES and STEREO (High Energy Telescope, HET) shows that five of these γ-events were not accompanied by SEP events at 1 AU, even when multi-point measurements including STEREO are taken into account. Therefore accelerated protons are not always released into the heliosphere. A longer delay between the maximum temperature and the maximum emission measure characterises flares with prolonged high energy γ-emission and solar proton events.
description: 24th European Cosmic Ray Symposium, Christian-Albrechts-Universitaet zu Kiel, September 2014
Electric backaction on moiré mechanics
Creators: name: Ochoa, Héctor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A lattice mismatch between Van der Waals layers produces a moiré pattern and a subsequent electron band reconstruction. When the bilayer is charged, the sliding motion of one layer with respect to the other produces electric pumping. Here I discuss the reciprocal process: that a voltage bias produces a layer-shear mechanical force. The effect is deduced from the lowest-order correction to the mechanical action by the coupling with electrons in an external field. In twisted bilayer graphene the new mechanical force is shown to be perpendicular to the applied field (due to C$_2$ symmetries exchanging the layers) and proportional to the charge density measured from neutrality. This is strictly true when the chemical potential is within a gap opened by the moiré potential due to a topological quantization, and approximately true when the chemical potential crosses the flat bands in a model including the self-consistent Hartree interaction. In a mechanical device the effect should be manifested as an apparent enhancement of the friction between layers when the system is charged. Depinning fields for the sliding motion of the layers are estimated in the order of $\mathcal{E}_c\sim$ kV/cm around the magic angle.
description: 8 pages + appendices + references, 4 figures
(4250) Doris Enid Bishop-Ackerman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Mammalian short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) in pH-dependent airway hydration
Creators: name: Tarran, Robert
name: Redinbo, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The epithelia that line the conducting airways are the lung’s first point of contact with inhaled pathogens and toxicants. As such, they are known to play an important role in the lung’s innate defense system, which includes (i) the production of airway surface liquid (ASL) that helps cleanse the airways through the physical removal of pathogens and toxicants on the mucociliary escalator and (ii) the secretion of anti-microbial proteins into the ASL to kill inhaled pathogens. Interestingly, the recently crystallized short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) protein appears to be a multi-functional protein. That is, it not only acts as an anti-microbial agent, but also modulates ASL homeostasis by acting as an endogenous inhibitor of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). This review will focus on the latter function of SPLUNC1, and will discuss new structural and physiological data regarding SPLUNC1’s failure to function as a regulator of ASL hydration in CF airways.
Causal Inference for Vaccine Effects on Infectiousness
Creators: name: Hudgens, Michael G.
name: Halloran, M. Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: If a vaccine does not protect individuals completely against infection, it could still reduce infectiousness of infected vaccinated individuals to others. Typically, vaccine efficacy for infectiousness is estimated based on contrasts between the transmission risk to susceptible individuals from infected vaccinated individuals compared with that from infected unvaccinated individuals. Such estimates are problematic, however, because they are subject to selection bias and do not have a causal interpretation. Here, we develop causal estimands for vaccine efficacy for infectiousness for four different scenarios of populations of transmission units of size two. These causal estimands incorporate both principal stratification, based on the joint potential infection outcomes under vaccine and control, and interference between individuals within transmission units. In the most general scenario, both individuals can be exposed to infection outside the transmission unit and both can be assigned either vaccine or control. The three other scenarios are special cases of the general scenario where only one individual is exposed outside the transmission unit or can be assigned vaccine. The causal estimands for vaccine efficacy for infectiousness are well defined only within certain principal strata and, in general, are identifiable only with strong unverifiable assumptions. Nonetheless, the observed data do provide some information, and we derive large sample bounds on the causal vaccine efficacy for infectiousness estimands. An example of the type of data observed in a study to estimate vaccine efficacy for infectiousness is analyzed in the causal inference framework we developed.
title: A study of current transport across metal to clean silicon interfaces
Creators: name: Heatley, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: A detailed study has been made into the current transport across metal to clean silicon interfaces. The metals considered for the experimental work were gold, chromium, silver and aluminium. The experimental procedure involved the deposition of the metal film onto the clean silicon surface under ultra-high vacuum ( U .H . V .) conditions. Two techniques were used for the attainment of a clean silicon surface. Epitaxial layers were deposited by sublimation under U . H . V . conditions onto heat cleaned substrates and also a straight forward heat cleaning treatment was used in order to produce the required surface. In each case the U . H . V . heat cleaning treatment involved resistively heating the substrate to a temperature of 1200°C for 5 minutes. This technique was essential to the epitaxial layer deposition in order to remove the oxide layer and other contamination and to eliminate any interfacial layer when just considering the heat cleaned surfaces. Cleaving under U . H . V . conditions was considered doubtful due to the residual strain which might distort the surface region. Due to the fact that intimate metal-silicon contacts are being considered the conventional surface state analysis is definitely not the most applicable in this case. A theoretical model has been developed based on the effects of metal quantum states decaying into the band-gap of the semiconductor. These states are known as quantum tails. A comprehensive data analysis technique has been used which indicates good agreement between the experimental barrier heights, for both interface formation techniques, and the potential profile in the depletion layer predicted by the model. The variation of barrier height with the various metals used can be explained in terms of the density and distribution of the metal induced surface states in the semiconductor band-gap. Finally the departures of the current- voltage characteristics from the usual approximation of thermionic emission can be explained in terms of the variation of the effective barrier height under differing bias conditions. This effect can be seen to be due to the variations of the charge in the quantum tails under varying bias conditions. To the author's knowledge this is the first time that data has been reported for metal contacts onto epitaxial silicon layers. Also good correlation has been achieved with the results from the two surface preparation methods. Further work of interest has been considered with a view to refining the experimental procedure and hopefully producing a more comprehensive understanding of the behaviour at the interface.
Majorana zero modes choose Euler numbers - revealed by full counting statistics
Creators: name: Liu, Dong E.
name: Levchenko, Alex
name: Lutchyn, Roman M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transport properties of a quantum dot coupled to a Majorana zero mode and two normal leads. We investigate the full counting statistics of charge tunneling events which allows one to extract complete information about current fluctuations. Using a Keldysh path-integral approach, we compute the cumulant generating function. We first consider a noninteracting spinless regime, and find that for the symmetric dot-lead couplings, the zero-frequency cumulants exhibit a universal pattern of Euler numbers, independent of the microscopic parameters. For a spinful case, the Coulomb interaction effects are discussed for both strong interaction (single-electron occupancy regime) and weak interactions (perturbative regime). Compared to the case without Majorana coupling, we show that, while the tunneling conductance might exhibit zero-bias anomaly, the full counting statistics is qualitatively different in the presence of the Majorana coupling.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Long-term suppression of forebrain neurogenesis and loss of neuronal progenitor cells following prolonged alcohol dependence in rats
Creators: name: Heilig, Markus
name: Nixon, Kimberly
name: Rimondini, Roberto
name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Damadzic, Ruslan
name: Sommer, Wolfgang H.
name: Hansson, Anita C.
name: Eskay, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Alcohol dependence leads to persistent neuroadaptations, potentially related to structural plasticity. Previous work has shown that hippocampal neurogenesis is modulated by alcohol, but effects of chronic alcohol on neurogenesis in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) have not been reported. Effects in this region may be relevant for the impairments in olfactory discrimination present in alcoholism. Here, we examined the effects of prolonged alcohol dependence on neurogenesis. Rats were sacrificed directly after 7 wk of intermittent alcohol vapour exposure, or 3, 7 or 21 d into abstinence. Proliferation was assessed using BrdU and Ki67 immunoreactivity, newly differentiated neurons (neurogenesis) as doublecortin-immunoreactivity (DCX-IR), and neural stem cells using the SOX2 marker. In the dentate gyrus, chronic dependence resulted in a pattern similar to that previously reported for acute alcohol exposure : proliferation and neurogenesis were suppressed by the end of exposure, rebounded on day 3 of abstinence, and returned to control levels by days 7 and 21. In the SVZ, proliferation was also suppressed at the end of alcohol exposure, followed by a proliferation burst 3 d into abstinence. However, in this area, there was a trend for reduced proliferation on days 7 and 21 of abstinence, and this was accompanied by significant suppression of DCX-IR, indicating a long-term suppression of forebrain neurogenesis. Finally, a decrease in the SOX2 stem cell marker was detected at days 7 and 21, suggesting long-term reduction of the SVZ stem cell pool. While suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis by alcohol dependence is transient, the suppression in the forebrain SVZ appears long-lasting.
Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Is Associated with Increased Risky Choice and Decreased Dopaminergic and Cholinergic Neuron Markers in Adult Rats
Creators: name: Boutros, Nathalie
name: Semenova, Svetlana
name: Crews, Fulton T.
name: Liu, Wen
name: Markou, Athina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background:Binge drinking is prevalent during adolescence and may have effects on the adult brain and behavior. The present study investigated whether adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure alters adult risky choice and prefrontal dopaminergic and forebrain cholinergic neuronal marker levels in male Wistar rats.Methods:Adolescent (postnatal day 28–53) rats were administered 5g/kg of 25% (vol/vol) ethanol 3 times/d in a 2-days–on/2-days–off exposure pattern. In adulthood, risky choice was assessed in the probability discounting task with descending and ascending series of large reward probabilities and after acute ethanol challenge. Immunohistochemical analyses assessed tyrosine hydroxylase, a marker of dopamine and norepinephrine in the prelimbic and infralimbic cortices, and choline acetyltransferase, a marker of cholinergic neurons, in the basal forebrain.Results:All of the rats preferred the large reward when it was delivered with high probability. When the large reward became unlikely, control rats preferred the smaller, safe reward, whereas adolescent intermittent ethanol-exposed rats continued to prefer the risky alternative. Acute ethanol had no effect on risky choice in either group of rats. Tyrosine hydroxylase (prelimbic cortex only) and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity levels were decreased in adolescent intermittent ethanol-exposed rats compared with controls. Risky choice was negatively correlated with choline acetyltransferase, implicating decreased forebrain cholinergic activity in risky choice.Conclusions:The decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity suggest that adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure has enduring neural effects that may lead to altered adult behaviors, such as increased risky decision making. In humans, increased risky decision making could lead to maladaptive, potentially harmful consequences.
Thermal regularization of t-channel singularities in cosmology and particle physics: the general case
Creators: name: Iglicki, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a~way to regularize the $t$-channel singularity (which appears when a~massive, stable $t$-channel mediator of a~given process is allowed to be on-shell, making the cross section infinite) in a~general case of particles of any spin (0,~\nicefrac12,~1) interacting within a~thermal medium. Those interactions result in a~finite lifetime of the mediator and allow to introduce an~effective momentum- and temperature-dependent width. As a result, the would-be-singular cross section becomes finite. A~complete derivation and an analytical result for the width are provided. For an illustration, the method is used to calculate the thermal widths and cross sections within the~Vector-Fermion Dark Matter model.
description: v3: 31 pages, 10 figures, 9 tables; matches the revised version to appear in JHEP
Oligomers of heat-shock proteins: Structures that don't imply function
Creators: name: Jacobs, William M.
name: Knowles, Tuomas P. J.
name: Frenkel, Daan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most proteins must remain soluble in the cytosol in order to perform their biological functions. To protect against undesired protein aggregation, living cells maintain a population of molecular chaperones that ensure the solubility of the proteome. Here we report simulations of a lattice model of interacting proteins to understand how low concentrations of passive molecular chaperones, such as small heat-shock proteins, suppress thermodynamic instabilities in protein solutions. Given fixed concentrations of chaperones and client proteins, the solubility of the proteome can be increased by tuning the chaperone--client binding strength. Surprisingly, we find that the binding strength that optimizes solubility while preventing irreversible chaperone binding also promotes the formation of weakly bound chaperone oligomers, although the presence of these oligomers does not significantly affect the thermodynamic stability of the solution. Such oligomers are commonly observed in experiments on small heat-shock proteins, but their connection to the biological function of these chaperones has remained unclear. Our simulations suggest that this clustering may not have any essential biological function, but rather emerges as a natural side-effect of optimizing the thermodynamic stability of the proteome.
Crustacean Decapods from Cardenas Bay and the macrolagoon of the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago(Northern coast of Cuba)
Creators: name: GARCÍARASO, José Enrique
name: MARTÍNEZ-IGLESIAS, Juan Carlos
name: MANJÓN-CABEZA, María Eugenia
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: A total of 126 species of decapods were collected in the soft bottoms of the macrolagoon of the Sabana-
 Camagüey Archipelago and Cardenas Bay (North coast of Cuba). The faunistic data pooled by sectors (Cardenas Bay, Santa
 Clara Bay, Fragoso Key to San Juán de los Remedios, Buenavista Bay-Coco Key and Perros Bay-Sabinal) and the environ-
 mental characteristics (salinity, organic material, particle size of the sediment, depth and presence of algae and seagrasses)
 are given. Dominant species were: Neopanope packcardii, Tozeuma carolinense, Sicyonia typica, Alpheus normanni,
 Petrolisthes armatus and Synalpheus brooksi, though distributions and abundances vary within the area. The highest values
 of abundances and richness were found in sectors open to the ocean, in which there are intense water exchanges, values of
 salinity close to those of open sea and well developed vegetal communities; in this way, the richness showed a significant
 correlation with the total seagrass and algal biomass. These factors are postulated to explain the similarity found between
 some sectors (as shown in the aggregation and MDS ordination analysis). Conversely, poor abundance and richness was
 found in the eastern sector, Perros Bay to Sabinal, relatively isolated from the ocean, with high salinity and water tempe-
 rature and scarce development of vegetal communities. These unfavourable conditions have been exacerbated by the cons-
 truction of "pedraplenes" (berm or landfill roads built across the macrolagoon), which makes necessary the development
 of a management program.
Influence of pH and [His] on rate constant in graphical form. Absorbance vs. wavelength data, effect of [nin] on rate constant, and ratio data of rate constant in Tabular form from Catalytic influence of 16-s-16 gemini surfactants on the rate constant of histidine and ninhydrin.
Creators: name: Dileep Kumar
name: Rub, Malik Abdul
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: The present paper reports the catalytic influence of 16-s-16 (spacer (s) = 4, 5, 6) gemini surfactants on the rate constant of histidine and ninhydrin at 343 K and pH 5.0 using the spectrophotometric technique. The effect of varying amounts of geminis was made on the rate constant of histidine and ninhydrin keeping other constituents constant. Characteristics of the rate constant (kψ) versus [gemini] depict the effect of surfactants on the rate constant. A systematic explanation about the effect of surfactants is revealed and discussed in the text. The influence of different parameters that includes [reactants], temperature and pH has also been performed on the study. In order to determine the cmc of pure surfactants and their solution mixtures, conductivity measurement was employed. By using the Eyring equation, activation parameters at different temperatures have been obtained. The resultant data of kψ versus [gemini] plot were rationalized with the pseudo-phase model of micelles.
Bupropion Increases Selection of High Effort Activity in Rats Tested on a Progressive Ratio/Chow Feeding Choice Procedure: Implications for Treatment of Effort-Related Motivational Symptoms
Creators: name: Yohn, Samantha E.
name: Jones, Myles
name: Correa, Merce
name: Rowland, Margaret
name: Lopez-Cruz, Laura
name: Hart, Evan
name: Lee, Christie A.
name: Salamone, John D.
name: Podurgiel, Samantha J.
name: Randall, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background:Depression and related disorders are characterized by deficits in behavioral activation, exertion of effort, and other psychomotor/motivational dysfunctions. Depressed patients show alterations in effort-related decision making and a bias towards selection of low effort activities. It has been suggested that animal tests of effort-related decision making could be useful as models of motivational dysfunctions seen in psychopathology.Methods:Because clinical studies have suggested that inhibition of catecholamine uptake may be a useful strategy for treatment of effort-related motivational symptoms, the present research assessed the ability of bupropion to increase work output in rats responding on a test of effort-related decision-making (ie, a progressive ratio/chow feeding choice task). With this task, rats can choose between working for a preferred food (high-carbohydrate pellets) by lever pressing on a progressive ratio schedule vs obtaining a less preferred laboratory chow that is freely available in the chamber.Results:Bupropion (10.0–40.0 mg/kg intraperitoneal) significantly increased all measures of progressive ratio lever pressing, but decreased chow intake. These effects were greatest in animals with low baseline levels of work output on the progressive ratio schedule. Because accumbens dopamine is implicated in effort-related processes, the effects of bupropion on markers of accumbens dopamine transmission were examined. Bupropion elevated extracellular dopamine levels in accumbens core as measured by microdialysis and increased phosphorylated dopamine and cyclic-AMP related phosphoprotein 32 kDaltons (pDARPP-32) immunoreactivity in a manner consistent with D1 and D2 receptor stimulation.Conclusion:The ability of bupropion to increase exertion of effort in instrumental behavior may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of effort-related motivational symptoms in humans.
DREADD: A Chemogenetic GPCR Signaling Platform
Creators: name: Zhu, Hu
name: Roth, Bryan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Recently, we created a family of engineered G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) called DREADD (designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs) which can precisely control three major GPCR signaling pathways (Gq, Gi, and Gs). DREADD technology has been successfully applied in a variety of in vivo studies to control GPCR signaling, and here we describe recent advances of DREADD technology and discuss its potential application in drug discovery, gene therapy, and tissue engineering.
Efficiency of Thin Magnetically-Arrested Disks Around Black Holes
Creators: name: Avara, Mark J.
name: McKinney, Jonathan C.
name: Reynolds, Chris S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radiative and jet efficiencies of thin magnetized accretion disks around black holes (BHs) are affected by BH spin and the presence of a magnetic field that, when strong, could lead to large deviations from Novikov-Thorne (NT) thin disk theory. To seek the maximum deviations, we perform general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of radiatively efficient thin (half-height $H$ to radius $R$ of $H/R\approx 0.10$) disks around moderately rotating BHs with $a/M=0.5$. First, our simulations, each evolved for more than $70,000r_g/c$ (gravitational radius $r_g$ and speed of light $c$), show that large-scale magnetic field readily accretes inward even through our thin disk and builds-up to the magnetically-arrested disk (MAD) state. Second, our simulations of thin MADs show the disk achieves a radiative efficiency of $η_{\rm r}\approx 15\%$ (after estimating photon capture), which is about twice the NT value of $η_{\rm r}\sim 8\%$ for $a/M=0.5$ and gives the same luminosity as a NT disk with $a/M\approx 0.9$. Compared to prior simulations with $\lesssim 10\%$ deviations, our result of an $\approx 80\%$ deviation sets a new benchmark. Building on prior work, we are now able to complete an important scaling law which suggest that observed jet quenching in the high-soft state in BH X-ray binaries is consistent with an ever-present MAD state with a weak yet sustained jet.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, submitted to MNRAS. Movies: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLqw2cJh32qeH1uJf-O04fbMeq0aheQ8I9