Phalangodus gyes Villarreal & García 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Villarreal, Osvaldo
name: García, Andrés F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Cranaidae
Phalangodus
Phalangodus gyes

description: Phalangodus gyes sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA85FCA3-D4A8-4B99-8115-E852A08048E5
Figs 7 e–f, 8c–d, 11–12, 18; Tables 5–6
Diagnosis
Phalangodus gyes sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other species with a high ocularium by the combination of the following characters: unarmed (absence of distal spines or large tubercles on) males femur IV and males tibia IV with a prolateral proximal group of large tubercles (Fig. 11d).
Etymology
Gyes (from the Greek Γύης), the big-limbed, one of the three Hecatonchires.
Type material
Holotype
COLOMBIA: ♂ (MNRJ 8655), Tolima, Ibagué, Pt. 6, 3 Aug. 2006, Alessandro Giupponi leg.
Paratypes
COLOMBIA: 5 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, 3 juveniles (MNRJ 17907), same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ICN-AO- 1442), same data as holotype; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ICN-AO- 519), Tolima, Ibagué, Vereda Ambala Alta, Reserva Forestal de Bellavista, 1880 m, 18 Aug. 2008, manual collection at night with UV. light, J. Ochoa and E. Florez leg.
Description
Male (MNRJ 8655)
Measurements of body and appendage in Table 5.
DORSUM. Dorsal scutum type alpha (Figs 8c, 11a). Abdominal scutum wider at scutal groove II; lateral borders of dorsal scutum smooth. Carapace mostly smooth, with a row of granules on the anterolateral region. Ocularium high, without median depression, with a paramedian pair of short and acuminate tubercles (Fig. 8 c–d). Integumentary dome of ozopore raised and conspicuous. Abdominal scutum well delimited, divided into four well-marked scutal areas: scutal area I divided into left and right halves by invasion of the scutal area II, with a pair of small dark granules (Figs 8c, 11a); scutal area II with a transverse row of six dark granules; scutal area III with a pair of paramedian conical, dark and short tubercles (Fig. 8d). Posterior border of scutum straight, with a row of seven low dark tubercles (Fig. 8c). Free tergites I–III each with a row of few dark granules.
VENTER. Stigmatic area smooth. Stigmata large, oval and slightly oblique. Coxa I densely covered with irregular rows of tubercles; coxa II longer than coxae I and III, with two rows of small tubercles; coxa III with a median row of tubercles and few distal small tubercles sparsely distributed and with the posterior border sigmoid; coxa IV strongly backward, with some granules sparsely distributed and one group of tubercles on a prominence close to the stigmatic area. Free sternites each with a row of small granules.
CHELICERA (Fig. 11a). Chelicera swollen, bulla with an ectal row of four-five tubercles curved anteriorly and a group of dorsodistal mesal tubercles. Hand with small frontal tubercles. Fixed finger with four conical teeth decreasing in size subdistally. Movable finger with a proximal wide lamella, a median truncate tooth and two fused subdistal teeth.Holotype (MNRJ 8655)Paratypes (MNRJ 17907)³Min. Max.Min. Max.DSL13.4 10.8 13.4 11.4 12.0CL6.8 5.2 6.8 5.0 5.8CW9.0 7.6 9.0 7.0 7.8AL6.6 5.6 6.6 6.0 6.4AW11.8 9.6 12.2 9.4 10.0IOD2.4 2.4 3.0 2.0 2.4BaCh2.6 2.4 2.8 2.0 2.4FePp5.4 4.4 5.2 3.4 4.6PaPp2.0 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.2TiPp2.8 2.6 3.0 3.0 4.0Fe I9.2 7.8 9.8 6.0 6.6Fe II25.0 18.0 28.6 12.0 13.8Fe III12.2 11.0 13.8 9.0 9.6Fe IV15.0 13.8 18.0 11.4 12.2Ti I7.6 5.8 8.2 4.6 5.6Ti II23.2 17.2 25.6 10.6 11.6Ti III9.0 7.4 9.4 6.0 6.4Ti IV11.0 10.0 12.6 8.4 8.6 ³ (n = 6) ♀ (n = 7)
PEDIPALPUS. Trochanter with two dorsal tubercles on a dorsal protuberance, ventrally with two subequal tubercles. Femur (Fig. 11b) slightly compressed, dorsally curved and ventrally straight in lateral view. With a dorsal row of four-five forward curved acuminate tubercles, ventrally with a proximal pair of geminated large tubercles. Patella short (ratio FePp/PaPp = 2.7), cylindrical and very curved, with small dorsal granules. Tibia dorsally with two irregular rows of minute granules, ventrally unarmed, with two longitudinal medial rows of minutes granules medial to the spiniferous tubercles; tibial setation: ectal (IIi) (2> 1> 3) and accessory distal tubercle (the two last St share a common base), mesal (IiIi) (3> 1> 4> 2), in the right side with a bifid teratological tubercle. Tarsus ectally (IiIi) (3> 1> 2> 4) and mesally (IIi) (2> 1> 3), ectally with a row of proximal tubercles at the base of the St forming a crenulate lamella. Claw not swollen.
LEGS. Coxa I with one dorsal and one retrolateral tubercles; II with one prolateral and one retrolateral tubercles; III with retrolateral tubercle partially fused with coxa IV; IV with few lateral tubercles and one prodorsal triangular small tubercle. Trochanter I–IV dorsally unarmed; trochanter I ventrally with three tubercles (one medial and two distal), and one proximal retrolateral tubercle; trochanters II–III retrolaterally swollen and with a group of tubercles; trochanter II with a retrolateral ventral large tubercle; trochanter IV proximally enlarged with retrolateral tubercles. Femora I–IV substraight (Fig. 11e) with longitudinal rows of small granules or tubercles, femur II very elongated. Patellae I–IV unarmed. Tibia I–III unarmed, II very elongated, IV with proximal groups of retrolateral and large prolateral tubercles (Fig. 11d). Metatarsus II enlarged and pseudosegmentated, IV with clear ringed marks. Claws III–IV smooth. Ratio Fe IV/scutum = 1.12. Tarsal counts in Table 6.
GENITALIA (Figures refer to paratype MNRJ 17907). Ventral plate subrectangular, with mid-constriction, the proximal lobes curved and laterodistal border sligthly projected, anterior border concave. Ventral surface of VP with two inverted lung-shaped fields of small, needle-like microsetae separated by a wellmarked longitudinal median elevation (Fig. 12 b–c). MS forming two lateral groups: one proximal group of four pairs of large, acuminate and cylindrical setae, pointing towards to the base of the penis trunk (MS A/B); and one distal (MS C/D) group composed by 11 pairs of setae with similar shape to the distal group (Fig. 12a, c). Two pairs of very small MS E located on latero-distal flange (Fig. 12 b–c). Glans sac columnar elongate, with proximal folders. Stylus straight, without processes (Fig. 12a). Stylar caps ring-shaped without lateral or ventral projections (Fig. 12d).
COLORATION (in alcohol). Carapace tomato venetian red 41, reticulated in the posterior region.Abdominal scutum russet orange 51, with the lateral of scutal area I, posterior border of dorsal scutum, free tergite I and legs venetian red 41. Pedipalpal patellae – tarsi and chelicerae light vermilion, 34. Pedipalpal femora venetian red 41. Tip of cheliceral teeth, paramedian tubercles of scutal area III, and free tergites II–III red plum.
Female (MNRJ 17907)
Similar to male; differing by: carapace slightly larger; coda wider; chelicerae smaller; pedipalpal femur, patella and tibia thinner, with ventroproximal tubercles smaller; stigmatic area shorter, without the groups of granules anteriorly to stigmata; genital operculum wider; trochanters III–IV narrower; femur IV slightly thinner; tibia IV without proximal group of granules; tergite I–III with a pair of large paramedian tubercles.
OVIPOSITOR (Fig. 7 e–f). dl and vl rounded with four and two pairs of large, acuminated, single-tipped setae respectively. Dl with four pairs of ds one of them basally located; and the lateral region of the ovipositor with one group of four very long and thin dorso-lateral setae, reaching the base of ds (Fig. 7f).
Distribution
Known only from surroundings of Ibagué (Fig. 18).
description: Published as part of Villarreal, Osvaldo & García, Andrés F., 2016, Unveiling the diversity of Phalangodus Gervais, 1842 (Opiliones: Cranaidae): descriptions of four new species from Colombia, pp. 1-41 in European Journal of Taxonomy 242 on pages 21-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.242, http://zenodo.org/record/3850363