cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Resonant Absorption in the AGN spectra emerging from photoionized gas: differences between steep and flat ionizing continua
Creators: name: Nicastro, Fabrizio
name: Fiore, Fabrizio
name: Matt, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photoionization models accounting for both photoelectric and resonant absorption. Resonance absorption lines from C, O, Ne, Mg, Si S and Fe between 0.1 and 10 keV are treated. In particular we consider the complex of almost 60 strong Fe L absorption lines around 1 keV. We calculate profiles, intensities and equivalent widths of each line, considering both Doppler and natural broadening mechanisms. Doppler broadening includes a term accounting for turbulence of the gas along the line of sight. We computed spectra transmitted by gas illuminated by drastically different ionizing continua and compared them to spectra observed in flat X-ray spectrum, broad optical emission line type 1 AGN, and steep X-ray spectrum, narrow optical emission line type 1 AGN. We show that the $\sim 1$ keV absorption feature observed in moderate resolution X-ray spectra of several Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies can be explained by photoionization models, taking into account for resonance absorption, without requiring relativistic outflowing velocities of the gas, if the physical properties of these absorbers are close to those found in flat X-ray spectrum Seyfert 1 galaxies.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication on Apj
Vacuum alignment in a composite 2HDM
Creators: name: Cai, Chengfeng
name: Cacciapaglia, Giacomo
name: Zhang, Hong-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study in detail the vacuum structure of a composite two Higgs doublet model based on a minimal underlying theory with 3 Dirac fermions in pseudo-real representations of the condensing gauge interactions, leading to the SU(6)/Sp(6) symmetry breaking pattern. We find that, independently on the source of top mass, the most general CP-conserving vacuum is characterised by three non-vanishing angles. A special case occurs if the Yukawas are aligned, leading to a single angle. In the latter case, a Dark Matter candidate arises, protected by a global U(1) symmetry.
description: 26 pages plus appendices, 7 figures. v2: discussion of Direct Detection added. Matches JHEP published version
A universal median quasi-Monte Carlo integration
Creators: name: Goda, Takashi
name: Suzuki, Kosuke
name: Matsumoto, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) integration over the multi-dimensional unit cube in several weighted function spaces with different smoothness classes. We consider approximating the integral of a function by the median of several integral estimates under independent and random choices of the underlying QMC point sets (either linearly scrambled digital nets or infinite-precision polynomial lattice point sets). Even though our approach does not require any information on the smoothness and weights of a target function space as an input, we can prove a probabilistic upper bound on the worst-case error for the respective weighted function space, where the failure probability converges to 0 exponentially fast as the number of estimates increases. Our obtained rates of convergence are nearly optimal for function spaces with finite smoothness, and we can attain a dimension-independent super-polynomial convergence for a class of infinitely differentiable functions. This implies that our median-based QMC rule is universal in the sense that it does not need to be adjusted to the smoothness and the weights of the function spaces and yet exhibits the nearly optimal rate of convergence. Numerical experiments support our theoretical results.
description: Minor revision, 33 pages, 4 figures
Analyzing Prospects for Quantum Advantage in Topological Data Analysis
Creators: name: Berry, Dominic W.
name: Su, Yuan
name: Gyurik, Casper
name: King, Robbie
name: Basso, Joao
name: Barba, Alexander Del Toro
name: Rajput, Abhishek
name: Wiebe, Nathan
name: Dunjko, Vedran
name: Babbush, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lloyd et al. were first to demonstrate the promise of quantum algorithms for computing Betti numbers, a way to characterize topological features of data sets. Here, we propose, analyze, and optimize an improved quantum algorithm for topological data analysis (TDA) with reduced scaling, including a method for preparing Dicke states based on inequality testing, a more efficient amplitude estimation algorithm using Kaiser windows, and an optimal implementation of eigenvalue projectors based on Chebyshev polynomials. We compile our approach to a fault-tolerant gate set and estimate constant factors in the Toffoli complexity. Our analysis reveals that super-quadratic quantum speedups are only possible for this problem when targeting a multiplicative error approximation and the Betti number grows asymptotically. Further, we propose a dequantization of the quantum TDA algorithm that shows that having exponentially large dimension and Betti number are necessary, but insufficient conditions, for super-polynomial advantage. We then introduce and analyze specific problem examples which have parameters in the regime where super-polynomial advantages may be achieved, and argue that quantum circuits with tens of billions of Toffoli gates can solve seemingly classically intractable instances.
description: 54 pages, 7 figures. Added a number of theorems and lemmas to clarify findings and also a discussion in the main text and new appendix about variants of our problems with high Betti numbers that are challenging for recent classical algorithms
Additional file 1: of Dichotomous development of the gut microbiome in preterm infants
Creators: name: Ho, Thao
name: Groer, Maureen
name: Kane, Bradley
name: Yee, Alyson
name: Torres, Benjamin
name: Gilbert, Jack
name: Akhil Maheshwari
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Code for DADA2. (DOCX 101 kb)
Present and future gamma-ray burst experiments
Creators: name: Hurley, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray burst counterpart studies require small, prompt error boxes. Today, there are several missions which can provide them: BeppoSAX, the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer, and the 3rd Interplanetary Network. In the near future, HETE-II, a possible extended Interplanetary Network, and INTEGRAL will operate in this capacity. In the longer term future, a dedicated gamma-ray burst MIDEX mission may fly. The capabilities of these missions are reviewed, comparing the number of bursts, the rapidity of the localizations, and the error box sizes.
description: Invited paper presented at the conference on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, Rome, November 1998. To appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series
Loxia punctulata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia punctulata

description: Loxia punctulata [spec. nov.]
L. ferruginea, abdomine nigro albo-maculato.
Passer indicus fuscus, ventre ex albo & nigro punctato. Edw. av. 40. t. 40.
Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 173, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample (BCS) - I. The compilation of the sample and the cluster log N-log S distribution
Creators: name: Ebeling, H.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Böhringer, H.
name: Allen, S. W.
name: Crawford, C. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Voges, W.
name: Huchra, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 90 per cent flux-complete sample of the 201 X-ray brightest clusters of galaxies in the northern hemisphere (dec > 0 deg), at high Galactic latitudes (|b| > 20 deg), with measured redshifts z < 0.3 and fluxes higher than 4.4 x 10^(-12) erg cm^(-2) s^{-1) in the 0.1-2.4 keV band. The sample, called the ROSAT Brightest Cluster Sample (BCS), is selected from ROSAT All-Sky Survey data and is the largest X-ray selected cluster sample compiled to date. In addition to Abell clusters, which form the bulk of the sample, the BCS also contains the X-ray brightest Zwicky clusters and other clusters selected from their X-ray properties alone. Effort has been made to ensure the highest possible completeness of the sample and the smallest possible contamination by non-cluster X-ray sources. X-ray fluxes are computed using an algorithm tailored for the detection and characterization of X-ray emission from galaxy clusters. These fluxes are accurate to better than 15 per cent (mean 1 sigma error). We find the cumulative log N-log S distribution of clusters to follow a power law k S^(-alpha) with alpha=1.31 (+0.06)(-0.03) (errors are the 10th and 90th percentiles) down to fluxes of 2 x 10^(-12) erg cm^(-2) s^(-1), i.e. considerably below the BCS flux limit. Although our best-fitting slope disagrees formally with the canonical value of -1.5 for a Euclidean distribution, the BCS log N-log S distribution is consistent with a non-evolving cluster population if cosmological effects are taken into account.
description: Table 3, listing the sample, is supplied as a separate PS file. An electronic version of this table can be obtained from the first author's WWW pages: http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~ebeling/clusters/BCS.html
Polymer Quantum Cosmology: Lifting quantization ambiguities using a $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ conformal symmetry
Creators: name: Achour, Jibril Ben
name: Livine, Etera R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we stress that the simplest cosmological model consisting in a massless scalar field minimally coupled to homogeneous and isotropic gravity has an in-built $\SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry. Protecting this symmetry naturally provides an efficient way to constrain the quantization of this cosmological system whatever the quantization scheme and allows in particular to fix the quantization ambiguities arising in the canonical quantization program. Applying this method to the loop quantization of the FLRW cosmology leads to a new loop quantum cosmology model which preserves the $\SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry of the classical system. This new polymer regularization consistent with the conformal symmetry can be derived as a non-linear canonical transformation of the classical FLRW phase space, which maps the classical singular dynamics into a regular effective bouncing dynamics. This improved regularization preserves the scaling properties of the volume and Hamiltonian constraint. 3d scale transformations, generated by the dilatation operator, are realized as unitary transformations despite the minimal length scale hardcoded in the theory. Finally, we point out that the resulting cosmological dynamics exhibits an interesting duality between short and long distances, reminiscent of the T-duality in string theory, with the near-singularity regime dual to the semi-classical regime at large volume. The technical details of the construction of this model are presented in a longer companion paper \cite{BenAchour:2019ywl}.
description: 8 pages, match the published version in PRD
Loxia oryzivora Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia oryzivora

description: Loxia oryzivora [spec. nov.]
L. fusca, temporibus albis, rostro rubro. Chin. Lagerstr. 16.
Loxia remigibus rectricibusque nigris. Mus. Ad. Fr. 1. p. 18.
Fringilla capite & gula nigra, temporibus albis. Osb. iter. 103.
Oryzivora. Edw. av. 41. t. 41, 42.
Passer indicus. Aldr. orn. l. 15. c. 24.
Habitat in Asia & Aethiopia inter Oryzam.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 173, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1 of GeFaST: An improved method for OTU assignment by generalising Swarmâ s fastidious clustering approach
Creators: name: MĂźller, Robert
name: Nebel, Markus E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplement containing information on the mock-community data, the analyses and additional results. (PDF 336 KB)
Quantum-state engineering in cavity magnomechanics formed by two-dimensional magnetic materials
Creators: name: Yang, Chun-Jie
name: Tong, Qingjun
name: An, Jun-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cavity magnomechanics has become an ideal platform to explore macroscopic quantum effects. Bringing together magnons, phonons, and photons in a system, it opens many opportunities for quantum technologies. It was conventionally realized by an yttrium iron garnet, which exhibits a parametric magnon-phonon coupling $\hat{m}^†\hat{m}(\hat{b}^†+\hat{b})$, with $\hat{m}$ and $\hat{b}$ being the magnon and phonon modes. Inspired by the recent realization of two-dimensional (2D) magnets, we propose a cavity magnomechanical system using a 2D magnetic material with both optical and magnetic drivings. It features the coexisting photon-phonon radiation-pressure coupling and quadratic magnon-phonon coupling $\hat{m}^†\hat{m}(\hat{b}^†+\hat{b})^2$ induced by the magnetostrictive interaction. A stable squeezing of the phonon and bi- and tri-partite entanglements among the three modes are generated in the regimes with a suppressed phonon number. Compared with previous schemes, ours does not require any extra nonlinear interaction and reservoir engineering and is robust against the thermal fluctuation. Enriching the realization of cavity magnomechanics, our system exhibits its superiority in quantum-state engineering due to the versatile interactions enabled by its 2D feature.
Conserved currents for Kerr and orthogonality of quasinormal modes
Creators: name: Green, Stephen R.
name: Hollands, Stefan
name: Sberna, Laura
name: Toomani, Vahid
name: Zimmerman, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a bilinear form for Weyl scalar perturbations of Kerr. The form is symmetric and conserved, and we show that, when combined with a suitable renormalization prescription involving complex r integration contours, quasinormal modes are orthogonal in the bilinear form for different (l, m, n). These properties are apparently not evident consequences of standard properties for the radial and angular solutions to the decoupled Teukolsky relations and rely on the Petrov type D character of Kerr and its t-$ϕ$ reflection isometry. We show that quasinormal mode excitation coefficients are given precisely by the projection with respect to our bilinear form. These properties can make our bilinear form useful to set up a framework for nonlinear quasinormal mode coupling in Kerr. We also provide a general discussion on conserved local currents and their associated local symmetry operators for metric and Weyl perturbations, identifying a collection containing an increasing number of derivatives.
description: 14+11 pages, 2 figures. v3: fixed typos in Eq. (55) compared to the version accepted to PRD
Investigating the effects of the microglial inflammatory response on iron metabolism in dopaminergic neurons
Creators: name: Alireza, Tamara
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Drugs are the principal method of symptom treatment, yet remain unable to reverse underlying neurodegeneration. As PD prevalence increases with aging populations, greater emphasis falls on understanding pathogenesis to establish an effective neuroprotective strategy. Current research identifies iron accretion as a potential pathogenic factor. Iron is crucial for healthy cellular physiology, however, dysregulation can be highly neurotoxic. Since iron cannot be excreted, levels must be tightly controlled via specific iron regulatory proteins (IRP), including hepcidin, transferrin receptors, divalent metal transporter 1, ferritin, ferroportin, aconitase 1, and iron response element-binding protein 2. Iron accumulation has been established in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Multiple Sclerosis, and PD. While the instigating causes remain unknown, inflammation is a common factor. Activated microglia mediate the inflammatory response, and can release cytotoxic substances leading to iron-induced toxicity. Since dopaminergic neurons in PD are vulnerable to iron overload and inflammation, it is vital to determine what promotes changes to IRP expression leading to iron accumulation. It is hypothesised that chronic microglial activation and ensuing pro-inflammatory factors can dysregulate neuronal iron. Such changes may result from alterations in key IRP gene expression, with downstream cascades leading to neuronal degeneration. Results herein provide evidence of microglial inflammatory factor involvement on neuronal iron metabolism in an in vitro model of dopaminergic neurons. Specifically, IL6, TNF and new evidence of hydrogen peroxide instigate significant alterations in expression of HAMP, TfR and DMT1, causing iron elevations. Co-culture experiments established astrocytic iron buffering mechanisms able to provide sufficient neuroprotection to abolish observed gene expression changes. Lastly, experiments conclude that neuronal death occurs mainly via apoptotic pathways. Collectively, results support the instigative role of inflammation on altering neuronal iron handling. Such discoveries could lead to potential improvements in therapeutic strategies for PD.
Probing Galaxy Formation with TeV Gamma Ray Absorption
Creators: name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Somerville, Rachel S.
name: MacMinn, Donn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here the extragalactic background light (EBL) predicted by semi-analytic models of galaxy formation, and show how measurements of the absorption of gamma rays of $\sim$ TeV energies via pair production on the EBL can probe cosmology and the formation of galaxies. Semi-analytic models permit a physical treatment of the key processes of galaxy formation -- including gravitational collapse and merging of dark matter halos, gas cooling and dissipation, star formation, supernova feedback and metal production -- and have been shown to reproduce key observations at low and high redshift. Using this approach, we investigate the consequences of variations in input assumptions such as the stellar initial mass function and the underlying cosmology. We conclude that observational studies of the absorption of $\sim 10^{-2}-10^{2}$ TeV gamma rays will help to constrain the star formation history of the universe, and the nature and extent of the extinction of starlight due to dust and reradiation of the absorbed energy at infrared wavelengths.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, presented at the VERITAS Workshop on TeV Astrophysics of Extragalactic Sources, eds. M. Catanese and T. Weekes, to be published in Astroparticle Physics
Pulsed excitation dynamics in quantum dot-cavity systems: limits to optimizing the fidelity of on-demand single photon sources
Creators: name: Gustin, Chris
name: Hughes, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum dot coupled to an optical cavity has recently proven to be an excellent source of on-demand single photons. Typically, applications require simultaneous high efficiency of the source and quantum indistinguishability of the extracted photons. While much progress has been made both in suppressing background sources of decoherence and utilizing cavity-quantum electrodynamics to overcome fundamental limitations set by the intrinsic exciton-phonon scattering inherent in the solid-state platform, the role of the excitation pulse has been often neglected. We investigate quantitatively the factors associated with pulsed excitation that can limit simultaneous efficiency and indistinguishability, including excitation of multiple excitons, multi-photons, and pump-induced dephasing, and find for realistic single photon sources that these effects cause degradation of the source figures-of-merit comparable to that of phonon scattering. We also develop rigorous open quantum system polaron master equation models of quantum dot dynamics under a time-dependent drive which incorporate non-Markovian effects of both photon and phonon reservoirs, and explicitly show how coupling to a high Q-factor cavity suppresses multi-photon emission in a way not predicted by commonly employed models. We then use our findings to summarize the criteria that can be used for single photon source optimization.
Strong Variational Sufficiency for Nonlinear Semidefinite Programming and its Implications
Creators: name: Wang, Shiwei
name: Ding, Chao
name: Zhang, Yangjing
name: Zhao, Xinyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J52, 90C22, 90C46

description: Strong variational sufficiency is a newly proposed property, which turns out to be of great use in the convergence analysis of multiplier methods. However, what this property implies for non-polyhedral problems remains a puzzle. In this paper, we prove the equivalence between the strong variational sufficiency and the strong second order sufficient condition (SOSC) for nonlinear semidefinite programming (NLSDP), without requiring the uniqueness of multiplier or any other constraint qualifications. Based on this characterization, the local convergence property of the augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) for NLSDP can be established under strong SOSC in the absence of constraint qualifications. Moreover, under the strong SOSC, we can apply the semi-smooth Newton method to solve the ALM subproblems of NLSDP as the positive definiteness of the generalized Hessian of augmented Lagrangian function is satisfied.
description: 23 pages
Orbital evolution of a binary neutron star and gravitational radiation
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, O. A.
name: Prokhorov, M. E.
name: Sazhin, M. V.
name: Chechetkin, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dependence of the internal structure of a neutron star in a close binary system on the semi-major axis of the binary orbit, focusing on the case when the Roche lobes of the components are nearly filled. We adopt a polytropic equation of state. The temporal evolution of the semi-major axis and its dependence on the mass ratio of the binary components and the polytropic index are determined. The calculation are carried out right up to the moment of contact, when quasi-stationary model becomes invalid. We analyze differences in the shapes of the pulses of gravitational radiation emitted by a pair of point masses and by a binary neutron star, taking into account its internal structure and tidal deformations.
description: LaTeX, 23 pages
Additional file 1: of Mucosal associated invariant T cells from human breast ducts mediate a Th17-skewed response to bacterially exposed breast carcinoma cells
Creators: name: Zumwalde, Nicholas
name: Haag, Jill
name: Gould, Michael
name: Gumperz, Jenny
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Figure S4. Magnetic sorting of CD161+ cells from PBMCs yields enrichment of MAIT cells and depletion of nonlymphocytic antigen-presenting cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the CD161-enriched fraction, showing the MAIT cell population (far right plot) and demonstrating that the CD3â population is almost entirely comprised of NK cells as assessed by NKp46 and CD56 expression. (PDF 235 kb)
Loxia lineola Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia lineola

description: Loxia lineola [spec. nov.]
L. nigra, linea frontali temporibusque albis.
Habitat in Asia.
Corpus Magnitudine Pari; supra nigrum, e caeruleo nitidum; subtus album. Rostrum nigrum, gibbum. Linea a fronte ad verticem ducta alba. Macula alba supra maxilla inferiore. Remiges nigrae: Primores basi anteriore albae, unde macula alarum alba. Cauda nigra, bifurcata.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 174, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Infrared Spectra of Meteoritic SiC Grains
Creators: name: Andersen, A. C.
name: Jager, C.
name: Mutschke, H.
name: Braatz, A.
name: Clement, C.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Jorgensen, U. G.
name: Ott, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here the first infrared spectra of meteoritic SiC grains. The mid-infrared transmission spectra of meteoritic SiC grains isolated from the Murchison meteorite were measured in the wavelength range 2.5--16.5 micron, in order to make available the optical properties of presolar SiC grains. These grains are most likely stellar condensates with an origin predominately in carbon stars. Measurements were performed on two different extractions of presolar SiC from the Murchison meteorite. The two samples show very different spectral appearance due to different grain size distributions. The spectral feature of the smaller meteoritic SiC grains is a relatively broad absorption band found between the longitudinal and transverse lattice vibration modes around 11.3 micron, supporting the current interpretation about the presence of SiC grains in carbon stars. In contrast to this, the spectral feature of the large (> 5 micron) grains has an extinction minimum around 10 micron. The obtained spectra are compared with commercially available SiC grains and the differences are discussed. This comparison shows that the crystal structure (e.g., beta-SiC versus alpha-SiC) of SiC grains plays a minor role on the optical signature of SiC grains compared to e.g. grain size.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. To appear in A&A
A Caustic View of Halo Microlensing
Creators: name: Kerins, E. J.
name: Evans, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The only microlensing events towards the Magellanic Clouds for which the location of the lens is strongly constrained are the two binary caustic crossing events. In at least one and possibly both cases, the lens lies at, or close to, the clouds themselves. On the face of it, this seems an improbable occurrence if the Galactic dark halo provides the bulk of the lensing population, as suggested by standard analyses of the MACHO dataset towards the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We use a binomial statistic to assess the prior probability of observing $M$ non-halo binary caustic events given a total sample of $N$ caustic binaries. We generalize for the case of multi-component Galactic and Magellanic Cloud models the Bayesian likelihood method for determining the lens mass and halo fraction from the observed timescales. We introduce a new statistic, the ``outcome discriminator'', which measures the consistency between the binary caustic data, prior expectation, and the MACHO LMC dataset as a whole. If the clouds are not embedded in their own dark halos of MACHOs, then the discovery of two non-halo caustic binary events out of two ($M = N = 2$) is inconsistent with expectation given the MACHO dataset. Galactic models in which $M = 1$ is the likeliest outcome are also inconsistent with the data, though models in which $M = 1$ has a reasonable prior probability are not. We consider the possibilities that the Magellanic Clouds are embedded in dark haloes of their own, or that the Galactic halo is intrinsically deficient in the binary systems which produce caustic crossing events. Either of these possibilities provide greater compatibility between observation and prior expectation, though the idea of Magellanic haloes is perhaps the more natural of the two and has support from kinematical studies.
description: To appear in ApJ. 31 pages, 13 figures
Widespread QSO-driven outflows in the early Universe
Creators: name: Bischetti, M.
name: Maiolino, R.
name: Fiore, S. Carniani. F.
name: Piconcelli, E.
name: Fluetsch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the stacking analysis of a sample of 48 QSOs at 4.5
description: Accepted in A&A
Study of the $B^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} \barΛ_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ decay
Creators: name: LHCb Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The decay $B^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} \barΛ_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ is studied in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. In the $Λ_{c}^+ K^{-}$ system, the $Ξ_{c}(2930)^{0}$ state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is resolved into two narrower states, $Ξ_{c}(2923)^{0}$ and $Ξ_{c}(2939)^{0}$, whose masses and widths are measured to be $$ m(Ξ_{c}(2923)^{0}) = 2924.5 \pm 0.4 \pm 1.1 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ m(Ξ_{c}(2939)^{0}) = 2938.5 \pm 0.9 \pm 2.3 \,\mathrm{MeV}, \\ Γ(Ξ_{c}(2923)^{0}) = \phantom{000}4.8 \pm 0.9 \pm 1.5 \,\mathrm{MeV},\\ Γ(Ξ_{c}(2939)^{0}) = \phantom{00}11.0 \pm 1.9 \pm 7.5 \,\mathrm{MeV}, $$ where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a prompt $Λ_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ sample. Evidence of a new $Ξ_{c}(2880)^{0}$ state is found with a local significance of $3.8\,σ$, whose mass and width are measured to be $2881.8 \pm 3.1 \pm 8.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ and $12.4 \pm 5.3 \pm 5.8 \,\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode $Ξ_{c}(2790)^{0} \to Λ_{c}^{+} K^{-}$ is found with a significance of $3.7\,σ$. The relative branching fraction of $B^{-} \to Λ_{c}^{+} \barΛ_{c}^{-} K^{-}$ with respect to the $B^{-} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{-}$ decay is measured to be $2.36 \pm 0.11 \pm 0.22 \pm 0.25$, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.
description: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb public pages)
Optimisation of computational fluid dynamics applications on multicore and manycore architectures
Creators: name: Hadade, Ioan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis presents a number of optimisations used for mapping the underlying computational patterns of finite volume CFD applications onto the architectural features of modern multicore and manycore processors. Their effectiveness and impact is demonstrated in a block-structured and an unstructured code of representative size to industrial applications and across a variety of processor architectures that make up contemporary high-performance computing systems. The importance of vectorization and the ways through which this can be achieved is demonstrated in both structured and unstructured solvers together with the impact that the underlying data layout can have on performance. The utility of auto-tuning for ensuring performance portability across multiple architectures is demonstrated and used for selecting optimal parameters such as prefetch distances for software prefetching or tile sizes for strip mining/loop tiling. On the manycore architectures, running more than one thread per physical core is found to be crucial for good performance on processors with in-order core designs but not required on out-of-order architectures. For architectures with high-bandwidth memory packages, their exploitation, whether explicitly or implicitly, is shown to be imperative for best performance. The implementation of all of these optimisations led to application speed-ups ranging between 2.7X and 3X on the multicore CPUs and 5.7X to 24X on the manycore processors.
Duality and geometry of string theory
Creators: name: Chaemjumrus, Nipol
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: String theory possesses duality symmetries that relate different string backgrounds. One symmetry is known as T-duality symmetry. In general, when n dimensions are toroidally compactified, the T-duality group is O(n, n, Z). String theory has another duality symmetry known as S-duality, which does not commute with T-duality. The full S-duality group is SL(2,Z). The last duality symmetry is U-duality symmetry, which is En(Z) for type II string theory on an n-torus. Duality symmetries tell us that strings experience geometry differently from particles. In order to understand string theory, a new way to understand string geometry is required. In this thesis, first we introduce some basic ideas on duality symmetries in string theory, namely, T-duality, S-duality, and U-duality. Next, we review string field theory. We, then, provide the basic constructions of DFT and EFT. Next, we consider the finite gauge transformations of DFT and EFT. The expressions for finite gauge transformations in double field theory with duality group O(n,n) are generalized to give expressions for finite gauge transformations for extended field theories with duality groups SL(5,R), SO(5,5) and E_6. Another topic is the T-duality chain of special holonomy domain wall solutions. This example can arise in string theory in solutions in which these backgrounds appear as fibres over a line. The cases with 3-torus with H-flux over a line were obtained from identifications of suitable NS5-brane solutions, and are dual to D8-brane solutions. This T-duality chain implies that K3 should have a limit in which it degenerates to a long neck capped off by suitable smooth geometries. A similar result applies for the higher dimensional analogues of the nilfold. In each case, the space admits a multi-domain wall type metric that has special holonomy, so that taking the product of the domain wall solution with Minkowski space gives a supersymmetric solution.
KAMOLIDDIN BEKHZAD'S CREATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINIATURE ART
Creators: name: Islamov, Oybek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article provides information about miniatures, the life path, creativity, researches and national heritage of Kamoliddin Bekhzad, who founded the Uzbek national miniatures and elegant miniature art of Tabriz, who made a great contribution to the development of miniature art, Kamoliddin Bekhzad's significant contribution to the development and evolution of miniature art is fully described.
Truthful Matching with Online Items and Offline Agents
Creators: name: Feldman, Michal
name: Fusco, Federico
name: Leonardi, Stefano
name: Mauras, Simon
name: Reiffenhäuser, Rebecca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study truthful mechanisms for welfare maximization in online bipartite matching. In our (multi-parameter) setting, every buyer is associated with a (possibly private) desired set of items, and has a private value for being assigned an item in her desired set. Unlike most online matching settings, where agents arrive online, in our setting the items arrive online in an adversarial order while the buyers are present for the entire duration of the process. This poses a significant challenge to the design of truthful mechanisms, due to the ability of buyers to strategize over future rounds. We provide an almost full picture of the competitive ratios in different scenarios, including myopic vs. non-myopic agents, tardy vs. prompt payments, and private vs. public desired sets. Among other results, we identify the frontier for which the celebrated $e/(e-1)$ competitive ratio for the vertex-weighted online matching of Karp, Vazirani and Vazirani extends to truthful agents and online items.
Additional file 1: of Modifiable and emerging risk factors for type 2 diabetes in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Creators: name: Ayuba Issaka
name: Paradies, Yin
name: Stevenson, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Search terms and strategy. (DOCX 19 kb)
The effects of compression on lithium-ion batteries
Creators: name: Holland, Alexander Alan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: This thesis experimentally investigates the effects of compression on pouch cells. Cells made from stacked electrode layers, were compressed between 0 MPa – 0.43 MPa (@ 40°C,50% SOC) and cycled 2000 times. It was found that pressure had no effect on the rate of degradation. Compression improved the volumetric energy density by 10% at 0.43 MPa down to a 5% improvement at 0.02 MPa. The response of lithium-ion batteries to compression throughout its lifetime can be categorised into four stages: I. Initial compression to the battery: - Pressure is applied from 0 MPa to a target pressure. II. Viscoelastic relaxation, with no change in SOC or temperature: - Passive relaxation of the cell, i.e. pressure/strain relaxes. III. Further relaxation of the battery as a result from electrochemical cycling: - During electrochemical cycling, the pressure/strain of the cell reduces for any given SOC. IV. The operational stage of the battery: - upon completion of Stage III, increases in strain/pressure occur as the battery ages. Stage IV is the most important when the battery is in operation. Stages I – III take place during set-up. The assumption that the pressures/strains at the beginning of Stage IV are similar to those applied in Stage I are incorrect. To define the mechanical state of a compressed cell, the conditions at the end of Stage III should be used and the SOC and temperature declared (30% SOC and 20°C are proposed as a standard). Compression at different rates showed that the response of a battery was highly variable, with no correlation between the measured strains at the end of Stage II and the rate at which the compression was applied in Stage I. Thickness changes due to thermal expansion and during charge/discharge were found to be of the same magnitude. Hence, future compression experiments require accurate thermal management.
The local density of matter mapped by Hipparcos
Creators: name: Holmberg, Johan
name: Flynn, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the velocity distribution and space density of a volume complete sample of A and F stars, using parallaxes and proper motions from the Hipparcos satellite. We use these data to solve for the gravitational potential vertically in the local Galactic disc, by comparing the Hipparcos measured space density with predictions from various disc models. We derive an estimate of the local dynamical mass density of 0.102 +/- 0.010 solar masses per cubic parsec which may be compared to an estimate of 0.095 solar masses per cubic parsec in visible disc matter. Our estimate is found to be in reasonable agreement with other estimates by Creze et al. and Pham, also based on Hipparcos data. We conclude that there is no compelling evidence for significant amounts of dark matter in the disc.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Most plane curves over finite fields are not blocking
Creators: name: Asgarli, Shamil
name: Ghioca, Dragos
name: Yip, Chi Hoi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 14H50, 51E21, Secondary: 11G20, 11T55, 14N10, 05B25

description: A plane curve $C\subset\mathbb{P}^2$ of degree $d$ is called \emph{blocking} if every $\mathbb{F}_q$-line in the plane meets $C$ at some $\mathbb{F}_q$-point. We prove that the proportion of blocking curves among those of degree $d$ is $o(1)$ when $d\geq 2q-1$ and $q \to \infty$. We also show that the same conclusion holds for smooth curves under the somewhat weaker condition $d\geq 3p$ and $d, q \to \infty$. Moreover, the two events in which a random plane curve is smooth and respectively blocking are shown to be asymptotically independent. Extending a classical result on the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-roots of random polynomials, we find that the limiting distribution of the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-points in the intersection of a random plane curve and a fixed $\mathbb{F}_q$-line is Poisson with mean $1$. We also present an explicit formula for the proportion of blocking curves involving statistics on the number of $\mathbb{F}_q$-points contained in a union of $k$ lines for $k=1, 2, \ldots, q^2+q+1$.
description: 21 pages, revised based on referee comments
Alexandrov groupoids and the nuclear dimension of twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras
Creators: name: Courtney, Kristin
name: Duwenig, Anna
name: Georgescu, Magdalena C.
name: Huef, Astrid an
name: Viola, Maria Grazia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L05, 22A22

description: We consider a twist $E$ over an étale groupoid $G$. When $G$ is principal, we prove that the nuclear dimension of the reduced twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra is bounded by a number depending on the dynamic asymptotic dimension of $G$ and the topological covering dimension of its unit space. This generalizes an analogous theorem by Guentner, Willett, and Yu for the $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra of $G$. Our proof uses a reduction to the unital case where $G$ has compact unit space, via a construction of ``groupoid unitizations'' $\widetilde{G}$ and $\widetilde{E}$ of $G$ and $E$ such that $\widetilde{E}$ is a twist over $\widetilde{G}$. The construction of $\widetilde G$ is for r-discrete (hence étale) groupoids $G$ which are not necessarily principal. When $G$ is étale, the dynamic asymptotic dimension of $G$ and $\widetilde{G}$ coincide. We show that the minimal unitizations of the full and reduced twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras of the twist over $G$ are isomorphic to the twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebras of the twist over $\widetilde{G}$. We apply our result about the nuclear dimension of the twisted groupoid $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra to obtain a similar bound on the nuclear dimension of the $\mathrm{C}^*$-algebra of an étale groupoid with closed orbits and abelian stability subgroups that vary continuously.
description: 41 pages; minor changes compared to v3; to appear in J. Funct. Anal
Single photon detection with SiPMs irradiated up to 10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence
Creators: name: Calvi, M.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Matteuzzi, C.
name: Pessina, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are solid state light detectors with sensitivity to single photons. Their use in high energy physics experiments, and in particular in ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors, is hindered by their poor tolerance to radiation. At room temperature the large increase in dark count rate makes single photon detection practically impossible already at 10$^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence. The neutron fluences foreseen by many subdetectors to be operated at the high luminosity LHC range up to 10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent. In this paper we present the effects of such high neutron fluences on Hamamatsu and SensL SiPMs of different cell size. The advantage of annealing at high temperature (up to 175 $^{\circ}$C) is discussed. We demonstrate that, after annealing, operation at the single photon level with a SiPM irradiated up to 10$^{14}$ cm$^{-2}$ 1-MeV-equivalent neutron fluence is possible at cryogenic temperature (77 K) with a dark count rate below 1~kHz.
Loxia sanguinirostris Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Fringillidae
Loxia
Loxia sanguinirostris

description: Loxia sanguinirostris [spec. nov.]
L. grisea, subtus alba, rostro pedibusque sanguineis. Chin. Lagerstr. 15.
Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 173, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 4: of Systematic review of health state utility values in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with a focus on previously treated patients
Creators: name: Noman Paracha
name: Abdulla, Ahmed
name: MacGilchrist, Katherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Table S3. Quality assessment of identified studies. (DOCX 111 kb)