cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Akashiwo sanguinea Hansen & Moestrup 2000
Creators: name: Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva
name: Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira
name: Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Gymnodiniales
Gymnodiniaceae
Akashiwo
Akashiwo sanguinea

description: Akashiwo sanguinea (Hirasaka) Hansen & Moestrup, 2000 Figure 5A, B Brazil, estuary of Maraú River: River Zone Station 1, 14°06′33″S, 39°02′48″W, III.2007 (HUESC 24062). Naked ovoid cell with median cingulum and bilobed hypocone, in lateral view, cells dorsiventrally flattened with the dorsal side convex and ventral one flat, cingulum descending, displaced by 1× cingulum width, sulcus narrow, reaching antapex. TL: 69 μm, CW: 50 μm, EL: 33.3 μm, HL: 36 μm, CT: 27.7 μm (n = 1). Distribution to Brazil: coastal regions of Bahia, Rio Grande do Norte, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul; sometimes forming blooms (Flora do Brasil 2019).
description: Published as part of Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva, Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira & Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira, 2019, Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil, pp. 951-963 in Check List 15 (5) on page 957, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.951
description: {"references": ["Flora do Brasil (2019). Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 124157. Accessed on: 2019 - 7 - 24."]}
Estimación de la demanda eléctrica de Costa Rica
Creators: name: Muñoz, Stefani Matarrita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: demanda eléctrica, series de tiempo, regresión temporal, suavizamiento exponencial, ARIMA, redes neuronales.

description: La electricidad es un componente básico del desarrollo socioeconómico de un país. Al tratarse de un bien que no se puede almacenar, su modelaje ha sido un tema abordado en numerosos  estudios. Dado que su pronóstico es necesario para administrar un uso eficiente, se pretende analizar la demanda eléctrica de Costa Rica mediante modelos de series de tiempo con el objetivo de pronosticar hasta junio del 2020.
The interpretation of the field angle dependence of the critical current in defect-engineered superconductors
Creators: name: Wimbush, Stuart C.
name: Long, Nicholas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the vortex path model of critical currents to a comprehensive analysis of contemporary data on defect-engineered superconductors, showing that it provides a consistent and detailed interpretation of the experimental data for a diverse range of materials. We address the question of whether electron mass anisotropy plays a role of any consequence in determining the form of this data and conclude that it does not. By abandoning this false interpretation of the data, we are able to make significant progress in understanding the real origin of the observed behavior. In particular, we are able to explain a number of common features in the data including shoulders at intermediate angles, a uniform response over a wide angular range and the greater discrimination between individual defect populations at higher fields. We also correct several misconceptions including the idea that a peak in the angular dependence of the critical current is a necessary signature of strong correlated pinning, and conversely that the existence of such a peak implies the existence of correlated pinning aligned to the particular direction. The consistency of the vortex path model with the principle of maximum entropy is introduced.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Understanding the catalyst-free transformation of amorphous carbon into graphene by current-induced annealing
Creators: name: Barreiro, Amelia
name: Boerrnert, Felix
name: Avdoshenko, Stanislav M.
name: Rellinghaus, Bernd
name: Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
name: Ruemmeli, Mark H.
name: Vandersypen, Lieven M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We shed light on the catalyst-free growth of graphene from amorphous carbon (a-C) by current-induced annealing by witnessing the mechanism both with in-situ transmission electron microscopy and with molecular dynamics simulations. Both in experiment and in simulation, we observe that small a-C clusters on top of a graphene substrate rearrange and crystallize into graphene patches. The process is aided by the high temperatures involved and by the van der Waals interactions with the substrate. Furthermore, in the presence of a-C, graphene can grow from the borders of holes and form a seamless graphene sheet, a novel finding that has not been reported before and that is reproduced by the simulations as well. These findings open up new avenues for bottom-up engineering of graphene-based devices.
A Better Key Schedule for DES-like Ciphers
Creators: name: Blumenthal, Uri
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science

description: Several DES-like ciphers aren't utilizing their full potential strength, because of the short key and linear or otherwise easily tractable algorithms they use to generate their key schedules. Using DES as example, we show a way to generate round subkeys to increase the cipher strength substantially by making relations between the round subkeys practically intractable.
РОЛЬ ТРАВ 1-ГО ГОДА ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В НАКОПЛЕНИИ АЗОТА НА СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВАХ
Creators: name: В.В. Окорков
name: Л.А. Окоркова
name: А.А. Козлов
name: В.И. Щукина
Publisher: name: Владимирский земледелец
Year: 2023
Subjects: серые лесные почвы
Владимирское ополье
травы 1-го года пользования
урожайность трав
вынос азота урожаем
пожнивно-корневые остатки
симбиотический азот

description: В многолетнем стационарном опыте на серых лесных почвах Владимирского ополья в 7-польном севообороте получены данные по влиянию погодных условий и удобрений на урожайность сена трав 1-го года пользования за 2 укоса, коэффициенты использования накапливаемого за вегетацию N-NO3 на вынос азота сеном, оценены размеры симбиотической азотфиксации. Установлено, что в зависимости от погодных условий 2017-2019 гг. урожайность сена трав без применения удобрений изменялась от 72 до 130 ц/га, в среднем за 3 года составляла 100 ц/га. Применение Р40К40 и N40P40K40, последействие навоза КРС в дозах 40-80 т/га, их сочетание повышало её до 105-110 ц/га, а удобрение N40P80K80, в том числе и при сочетании с навозом КРС, снижало до 96-98 ц/га. В питании трав азотом определяющая роль принадлежала нитратной форме. Используя литературные и экспериментальные данные за 2017-2019 гг., были определены коэффициенты использования формируемого за вегетацию N-NO3 на вынос азота сеном трав. Они совпадали с долей выноса азота сеном от его биологического выноса культурами. Эти коэффициенты использования для 1-го укоса варьировали от 37,1 до 43,2%, для 2-го – от 34,8 до 40,2%. В среднем за 20172019 гг. оценены как общие размеры выноса азота сеном и пожнивно-корневыми остатками (ПКО) трав 1-го года пользования (455-544 кг/га), так и симбиотически фиксируемого (194-325 кг/га). Максимальные величины этих параметров достигали соответственно 651 и 438 кг/га азота. Накопление азота в ПКО остатках варьировало от 294 до 347 кг/га.
title: Size selection of herring (Clupea harengus membras) in a pontoon trap equipped with a rigid grid
Creators: name: Lundin, Mikael
name: Calamnius, Linda
name: Hillström, Lars
name: Lunneryd, Sven-Gunnar
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session I
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The increasing population of grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Baltic and Bothnian Seas is threatening the coastal fisheries. The seals raid traditional fishing gears and cause considerable material damage. There is an urgent need to develop seal-safe equipment, which prevents seals from damaging the catch and replaces existing fishing techniques. For a sustainable fishery, the equipment should fish selectively and only catch individuals above a critical size. The purpose of the present study was twofold: first, to test and evaluate rigid grids as a method for selecting smaller individuals of herring (Clupea harengus) from the catch in a push-up trap, and second, to analyse which abiotic and biotic factors were important for the selection. The investigation was performed through analysis of video recordings and measurements of water temperature and currents. The results demonstrated that selection of smaller individuals is possible in a fish chamber, as the efficiency of selected herring can be as high as 27% when using a grid, which represents a little above 1‰ of the total area of the chamber walls. The factors that had most effect on the selection were fish quantity in the trap, visits of seals, time of day, and season. There was also a significant negative correlation between selection and current velocity. Highest degree of selection was reached during the night, at the end of June, and in the presence of seals. The study will be continued in 2010 by investigating eventual mortality of grid-selected herrings.
Nonequilibrium phases in hybrid arrays with flux qubits and NV centers
Creators: name: Hümmer, Thomas
name: Reuther, Georg M.
name: Hänggi, Peter
name: Zueco, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a startling hybrid quantum architecture for simulating a localization-delocalization transition. The concept is based on an array of superconducting flux qubits which are coupled to a diamond crystal containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. The underlying description is a Jaynes-Cummings-lattice in the strong-coupling regime. However, in contrast to well-studied coupled cavity arrays the interaction between lattice sites is mediated here by the qubit rather than by the oscillator degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, we point out that a transition between a localized and a delocalized phase occurs in this system as well. We demonstrate the possibility of monitoring this transition in a non-equilibrium scenario, including decoherence effects. The proposed scheme allows the monitoring of localization-delocalization transitions in Jaynes-Cummings-lattices by use of currently available experimental technology. Contrary to cavity-coupled lattices, our proposed recourse to stylized qubit networks facilitates (i) to investigate localization-delocalization transitions in arbitrary dimensions and (ii) to tune the inter-site coupling in-situ.
description: Version to be published in Phys. Rev. A
Limitations of the Kerberos Authentication System
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Merritt, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Computer science

description: The Kerberos authentication system, a part of MIT's Project Athena, has been adopted by other organizations. Despite Kerberos's many strengths, it has a number of limitations and some weaknesses. Some are due to specifics of the MIT environment; others represent deficiencies in the protocol design. We discuss a number of such problems, and present solutions to some of them. We also demonstrate how special-purpose cryptographic hardware may be needed in some cases.
Prorocentrum gracile Schutt
Creators: name: Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva
name: Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira
name: Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Prorocentrales
Prorocentraceae
Prorocentrum
Prorocentrum gracile

description: Prorocentrum gracile Schütt Figure 6C Brazil, estuary of Maraú River: River Zone Station 1, 14°06′33″S, 039°02′48″W, IX.2006 (HUESC 24039), X.2006 (HUESC 24042), III.2007 (HUESC 24062), VII. 2007 (HUESC 24078), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24082); Mixing Zone Station 2, 14°04′52″S, 038°59′12″W, XI.2006 (HUESC 24047), I.2007 (HUESC 24055), II.2007 (HUESC 24059), III.2007 (HUESC 24063), V.2007 (HUESC 24071), VI.2007 (HUESC 24075), VII.2007 (HUESC 24079), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24083); Mixing Zone Station 3, 13°57′24″S, 038°59′38″W, IX.2006 (HUESC 24040), XI.2006 (HUESC 24048), XII.2006 (HUESC 24052), I.2007 (HUESC 24056), II.2007 (HUESC 24060), III. 2007 (HUESC 24064), IV.2007 (HUESC 24068), V.2007 (HUESC 24072), VI.2007 (HUESC 24076), VII.2007 (HUESC 24080), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24084); Coastal Zone Station 4, 13°54′56″S, 038°58′57″W, X.2006 (HUESC 24045), II.2007 (HUESC 24061), IV.2007 (HUESC 24069), VI.2007 (HUESC 24077), VII.2007 (HUESC 24081), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24085). Cell elongated, piriform, with asymmetrical sides; one margin convex and other slightly sigmoid; antapex pointed; one long, winged anterior spine. CL: 40–72.5 μm (58.9 ± 12.1 μm), TL: 55–90 μm (75.8 ± 13.7 μm), CW: 20–25 μm (22.4 ± 2.1 μm) (n = 29). Distribution in Brazil: coastal regions of Amapá, Pará, Rio Grande do Norte, and Pernambuco; along the eastern, southeastern, and southern coasts (Flora do Brasil 2019).
description: Published as part of Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva, Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira & Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira, 2019, Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil, pp. 951-963 in Check List 15 (5) on page 958, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.951
description: {"references": ["Flora do Brasil (2019). Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 124157. Accessed on: 2019 - 7 - 24."]}
Additional file 1 of A cross-sectional study to ascertain malaria prevalence among asymptomatic travellers arriving on the Lihir Group of Islands, Papua New Guinea: implications for elimination efforts
Creators: name: Millat-Martínez, Pere
name: Baro, Bàrbara
name: Kasian, Bernadine
name: Lorry, Lina
name: Sanz, Sergi
name: Wali, Chilaka
name: Raulo, Sylvia
name: Elizah, Arthur
name: Koleala, Tamarah
name: Kaius-Ome, Maria
name: Karl, Stephan
name: Mitjà, Oriol
name: Laman, Moses
name: Pomat, William
name: Bassat, Quique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Variables and their associations with Plasmodium qPCR positive results and logistic regression models for the cohort of travellers arriving by plane.
Accurate modeling of intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals: Exploring the form of the self-force in the intermediate-mass-ratio regime
Creators: name: Huerta, E. A.
name: Kumar, Prayush
name: Brown, Duncan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: In this paper we develop a waveform model that accurately reproduces the dynamical evolution of intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals, as predicted by the effective-one-body (EOB) model introduced in [1], and which enables us to shed some light on the form of the self-force for events with mass-ratio 1:6, 1:10 and 1:100. To complement this study, we make use of self-force results in the extreme-mass-ratio regime, and of predictions of the EOB model introduced in [1], to derive a prescription for the shift of the orbital frequency at the innermost stable circular orbit which consistently captures predictions from the extreme, intermediate and comparable mass-ratio regimes.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. v1: Submitted to PRD; v2: typos corrected, references added, accepted to PRD
Approximate dynamic programming methods for advance patient scheduling
Creators: name: Sauré, Antoine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation studies an advance multi-priority patient scheduling problem. Patrick et al. (2008) formulated a version of this problem as a discounted infinite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) and studied it using a linear programming method based on an affine value function approximation. This thesis starts by presenting an alternative solution approach for this problem based on the use of simulation, a policy iteration framework and a non-linear value function approximation. It then extends the dynamic multi-priority patient scheduling model and solution approach developed by Patrick et al. by considering patients who receive service across multiple days and for irregular lengths of time, and by allowing the possibility of using overtime on different days of the booking horizon. The research described in this dissertation is based on the hypothesis that some patients can be booked further into the future allowing the appointments for urgent patients to be scheduled earlier, and it seeks to identify effective policies for allocating available service capacity to incoming demand while reducing patient wait times in a cost-effective manner. Through the use of approximate dynamic programming techniques, it illustrates the importance of adequately assessing the future impact of today's decisions in order to more intelligently allocate capacity. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the multi-priority patient scheduling problem and a review of the literature relevant to it. Chapter 2 describes a simulation-based algorithm for solving a version of this problem and compares the performance of the resulting appointment scheduling policies against the performance of four other policies, including the one derived from the linear programming method. Chapter 3 extends the dynamic multi-priority patient scheduling model and solution approach developed by Patrick et al. It presents a discounted infinite-horizon MDP model for scheduling cancer treatments in radiation therapy units and a linear programming method for solving it. The benefits from the proposed method are evaluated by simulating its performance for a practical example based on data provided by the British Columbia Cancer Agency. Chapter 4 describes a teaching tool developed to illustrate advance patient scheduling practices to health care professionals and students. Finally, this dissertation concludes with additional discussion, extensions and further applications.
Current Directions in Medical Student Well-Being
Creators: name: Noori, Sofia
name: Blood, Alyssa
name: Meleca, Joe
name: Kennedy, Vanessa
name: Sengupta, Debashree
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medical students
Well-being
College students--Mental health
Medicine

description: Traditionally, topics pertaining to student well-being have been conspicuously sparse throughout medical school curricula. This contradiction has been well documented in human health literature, and the academic medical community has developed strategies to respond to this need. A literature review of terms pertaining to medical student wellness was conducted to generate 34 unique articles. The articles were categorized based on three common themes: mental health, diversity, and work-life balance. In mental health, institutional changes such as professional and peer-to-peer counseling have demonstrated promising improvements. The advent of pipeline programs and student research fellowships has increased learning environment diversity. Finally, wellness programming in recreation and the arts, as well as academic shifts to pass-fail grading, have proven successful in improving work-life balance. While many of these initiatives have enriched the mental well-being of medical students, there remains a critical need to standardize these practices nationally.
Prorocentrum argentinense Balech 1979
Creators: name: Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva
name: Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira
name: Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Prorocentrales
Prorocentraceae
Prorocentrum
Prorocentrum argentinense

description: Protoperidinium cf. argentinense Balech, 1979 Figure 7A, B Brazil, estuary of Maraú River: Mixing Zone Station 2, 14°04′52″S, 038°59′12″W, I.2007 (HUESC 24055). Epitheca small, conical, with sinuous sides; tabulation ortho-hexa; plate 1′ convex, with short proximal sides and long distal sides almost parallel in the central part; anterior intercalary plates almost equal in size, with 2a hexagonal and 1a and 3a pentagonal. CW: 29.5 μm, EL: 19.5 μm (n = 1). Taxonomic remarks: the only epitheca observed in this study is similar to P. cf. argentinense, from the Gulf of Mexico, in having three intercalary plates (Okolodkov 2008). This feature makes it distinct of P. argentinense, as originally described by Balech (1979, 1988), which has only two unequal intercalary plates. Analysis of more individuals is required for accurate identification. Distribution in Brazil: this pecies has never been cited for Brazil.
description: Published as part of Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva, Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira & Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira, 2019, Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil, pp. 951-963 in Check List 15 (5) on page 958, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.951
description: {"references": ["Balech E (1979) Dinoflagelados. Campana oceanografica argentina Islas Orcadas 06 / 75. Republica Argentina, Armada Argentina, Publico. Servicio de Hidrografia Naval Buenos Aires H 655: 1 - 76.", "Okolodkov YB (2008) Protoperidinium Bergh (Dinophyceae) of the National Park Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, Gulf of Mexico, with a key for identification. Acta Botanica Mexicana 84: 93 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.21829 / abm 84.2008.1068", "Balech E (1988) Los dinoflagelados del Atlantico Sudoccidental. Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia, Madrid, 310 pp."]}
title: Modelling study of catchability properties of research and commercial trawls to identify sources of uncertainty in resource surveys indices
Creators: name: Kasatkina, S.
name: Ivanova, V.
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session I
Year: 2024
Subjects: Technologies and data
Ecosystem observation, processes and dynamics
Pressures, impacts, conservation, and management

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Data from trawl sampling performed in the acoustic survey polygon are traditionally used to estimate age structure of fish population as well as to estimate conversion factors (as fish backscattering cross-sectional area summed over its length frequency distribution) for converting integrated volume backscattering area to area fish density. This fact is important for estimating abundance indices by age groups from acoustic survey and application of these indices for VPA tuning. Catchability characteristics (differential catchability and codend selectivity) of several types of research and commercial mid-water trawls are discussed in relation to fishing Baltic herring and sprat. Calculations were made by simulating method applying the models of the probability-statistical theory of fishing systems and information on the trawls design and the distribution pattern of fish aggregations fished. Trawl catchability were incorporated into the Baltic acoustic survey data processing. The influence of the trawl catchability characteristics on the reliability of abundance values was traced by estimating fish length distributions, mean weighted target strength and abundance by age groups. The authors discuss the obtained results in context of using acoustic data from research vessels and commercial vessels for supporting fisheries management assessment.
On the standard quantum Brownian equation and an associated class of non-autonomous master equations
Creators: name: Tameshtit, Allan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the standard quantum Brownian equation (QBE) can violate positivity not only past the thermal correlation time, but at arbitrarily long times at high system frequencies. In an effort to improve the standard QBE, exact operator solutions are provided for a class of non-autonomous master equations. These exact solutions are used to derive sufficient positivity conditions for the coefficients of the master equations.
description: In the second version, a constraint for k_1+k_2 is added in Appendix 2 and a corresponding change to Eq.(46) is made
A Regulatory Classification of Digital Assets: Toward an Operational Howey Test for Cryptocurrencies, ICOs, and Other Digital Assets
Creators: name: Henderson, M. Todd
name: Raskin, Max
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Cryptocurrencies
subject: Electronic trading of securities--Law and legislation
subject: United States. Securities and Exchange Commission
subject: Capital

description: Digital assets are hot right now. Whether cryptocurrencies, like bitcoin, or initial coin offerings and tokens, this new asset class has captured the imagination of American investors. While it remains to be seen if this phenomenon has staying power, there is no doubt that these assets and their promoters have attracted the attention of the Securities and Exchange Commission. But neither Congress nor the SEC has formally elucidated which digital assets are securities and which are not. This Article seeks to provide clarity in determining which digital assets are securities. It proposes two tests that operationalize the Supreme Court’s test in SEC v. W. J. Howey Co. The first test is the Bahamas Test, which asks whether a digital asset is sufficiently decentralized such that it is not a security. The second test is the Substantial Steps Test which is used to determine whether an investment is made with an expectation of profit. This Article takes a rules-based approach to provide clarity and begin a conversation about crafting more predictable jurisprudence and regulation in this area.
Propagation of sound on line vortices is superfluids: role of ergoregions
Creators: name: Marecki, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We (re)cosider the propagation of small disturbances (sound waves) in the presence of a pinned irrotational vortex in a superfluid with the help of the formalism of acoustic spacetimes. We give closed formulas for the scattering angle for sound rays, formulate the sound-propagation problem in the Hamiltonian form, and discuss the form of boundary conditions at the core of the vortex, where the Hamiltonian has a singular point. The wave equation is simplified to a single ordinary differential equation of Mathieu type. We give an extensive discussion of perturbations localized close to the core, which are similar to what is known as the Kelvin waves. The spectra of modes depend strongly on the type of boundary condition employed close to the vortex core. The existence of the gapless Kelvin mode, which is one of the modes with angular number -1, is usually discussed in the context of unpinned vortices in superfluid helium or rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. We prove that this particular mode is absent if the vortex is pinned, and consequently one must discuss the full family of modes in this case. The question of whether or not the acoustic spacetime admits an ergoregion turns out to have a decisive (qualitative) influence on many aspects of sound-propagation phenomena.
description: 41 pages, minor errors corrected
Predictive Contracting
Creators: name: Williams, Spencer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Contracts--Data processing
subject: Contracts--Mathematical models
subject: Prediction theory
subject: Electronic data processing

description: This Article examines how contract drafters can use data on contract outcomes to inform contract design. Building on recent developments in contract data collection and analysis, the Article proposes “predictive contracting,” a new method of contracting in which contract drafters can design contracts using a technology system that helps predict the connections between contract terms and outcomes. Predictive contracting will be powered by machine learning and draw on contract data obtained from integrated contract management systems, natural language processing, and computable contracts. The Article makes both theoretical and practical contributions to the contracts literature. On a theoretical level, predictive contracting can lead to greater customization, increased innovation, more complete contract design, more effective balancing of front-end and back-end costs, better risk assessment and allocation, and more accurate term pricing for negotiation. On a practical level, predictive contracting has the potential to significantly alter the role of transactional lawyers by providing them with access to previously unavailable information on the statistical connections between contract terms and outcomes. In addition to these theoretical and practical contributions, the Article also anticipates and addresses limitations and risks of predictive contracting, including technical constraints, concerns regarding data privacy and confidentiality, the regulation of the unauthorized practice of law and the potential for exacerbating information inequality.
Nonlinear Schrodinger equation and frequency saturation
Creators: name: Carles, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose an approach that permits to avoid instability phenomena for the nonlinear Schrodinger equations. We show that by approximating the solution in a suitable way, relying on a frequency cut-off, global well-posedness is obtained in any Sobolev space with nonnegative regularity. The error between the exact solution and its approximation can be measured according to the regularity of the exact solution, with different accuracy according to the cases considered.
description: 15 pages: appendix added
When Courts Fail: Physicians’ Legal and Ethical Duty to Uphold Informed Consent
Creators: name: Chavkin, Wendy
name: Diaz-Tello, Farah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medical ethics
Informed consent (Medical law)
Family medicine
Pregnant women
Physician and patient

description: Informed consent is a fundamental precept of modern medical care and pertains in those situations when a patient rejects a physician’s recommended treatment.  This article reports on the case of a pregnant woman in labor who refused the Caesarean section urged by her doctor.  The physician involved a consultant and the hospital attorney, and they decided to perform the surgery against her explicit wishes.  The arguments used to justify this unconsented intervention invoked fetal wellbeing.  This article discusses the conflation of focus on the fetus, derived from anti-abortion argumentation, with the rights of the autonomous adult pregnant woman.  This article explores the implications of such forced surgery for the status of pregnant women as competent adults, the ethical underpinnings of the physician-patient relationship, and the law.
AES Key Agility Issues in High-Speed IPsec Implementations
Creators: name: Whiting, Doug
name: Schneier, Bruce
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: Some high-speed IPsec hardware systems need to support many thousands of security associations. The cost of switching among different encryption keys can dramatically affect throughput, particularly for the very common case of small packets. Three of the AES finalists (Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish) provide very high key agility, as is required for such applications. The other two candidates (MARS, RC6) exhibit low key agility and may not be appropriate for use in such equipment.
Search for same-sign top-quark production and fourth-generation down-type quarks in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for same-sign top-quark production and down-type heavy quarks of charge -1/3 in events with two isolated leptons (electrons or muons) that have the same electric charge, at least two jets and large missing transverse momentum. The data are selected from pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 inverse femtobarns. The observed data are consistent with expectations from Standard Model processes. Upper limits are set at 95% confidence level on the cross section of new sources of same-sign top-quark pair production of 1.4-2.0 pb depending on the assumed mediator mass. Upper limits are also set on the pair-production cross-section for new heavy down-type quarks; a lower limit of 450 GeV is set at 95% confidence level on the mass of heavy down-type quarks under the assumption that they decay 100% of the time to Wt.
description: 23 pages plus author list (46 pages total), 10 figures, 9 tables, revised author list, matches version published in JHEP
Peridinium ovum Balech 1974
Creators: name: Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva
name: Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira
name: Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Myzozoa
Dinophyceae
Peridiniales
Peridiniaceae
Peridinium
Peridinium ovum

description: Protoperinium ovum (Schiller) Balech, 1974 Figure 7E–H Brazil, Estuary of Maraú River: Mixing Zone Station 3, 13°57′24″S, 038°59′38″W, III.2007 (HUESC 24064), VIII.2007 (HUESC 24084); Coastal Zone Station 4, 13° 54′56″S, 038°58′57″W, X.2006 (HUESC 24045), XI. 2006 (HUESC 24049), XII.2006 (HUESC 24053), I. 2007 (HUESC 24057), II.2007 (HUESC 24061). Ovoid cells with a small marked apical horn; cingulum ascending, not excavated; tabulation para-hexa; two long antiapical spines slightly divergent and oriented ventrally, with a well-developed left sulcal list. TL: 38.6– 57.5 (45.7 ± 10.3 μm), TW: 27.2–52.5 μm (35.7 ± 14.6 μm), EL: 9.1–15.9 μm (13.3 ± 3.7 μm), HL: 10–37.5 μm (20.4 ± 14.9 μm) (n = 3). Distribution in Brazil: coastal regions of Bahia (Santana 2012), Santa Catarina, and Rio grande do Sul (Flora do Brasil 2019).
description: Published as part of Nunes, Caio Ceza da Silva, Susini-Ribeiro, Sylvia Maria Moreira & Cavalcante, Kaoli Pereira, 2019, Dinoflagellates in tropical estuarine waters from the Maraú River, Camamu Bay, northeastern Brazil, pp. 951-963 in Check List 15 (5) on page 958, DOI: 10.15560/15.5.951
description: {"references": ["Santana RMC (2012) Composicao e biomassa da comunidade fitoplanctonica no estuario do rio Marau - Baia de Camamu (BA). Master's thesis, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, 79 pp. http: // nbcgib. uesc. br / ppgsat / files / PPGSAT / Dissertacoes / Rosa _ Maria _ da _ Costa _ Santana. pdf. Accessed on: 2018 - 12 - 30.", "Flora do Brasil (2019). Flora do Brasil. Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro. http: // floradobrasil. jbrj. gov. br / reflora / floradobrasil / FB 124157. Accessed on: 2019 - 7 - 24."]}
Location, Location, Location: Where You Live Determines Your Access to Abortion
Creators: name: Morrell, Kathleen M.
name: Davis, Anne R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Family planning services
Poor women--Medical care
Women's health services
Abortion services--Law and legislation

description: Through the hypothetical, but very plausible case of Julia, we illustrate that where a woman lives in the United States impacts her access to the best abortion care.  Widespread state-level restrictions on abortion care have increased in recent years and negatively impact a woman’s ability to access quality, unbiased, evidence-based care.  Poor women and women of color are disproportionately affected by these restrictions.  It is important as medical professionals to understand the political, not medical, motivations behind these laws so we can speak out against them.
Session-Layer Encryption
Creators: name: Blaze, Matt
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: We describe mechanisms for practical session-layer security for Internet-based terminal sessions. We discuss the tradeoffs of providing security at various layers of abstractions, from the network to the session layer. We describe two new mechanisms: our encrypting, authenticating telnet and our encrypted session manager (esm).
π^0 π^0 Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at Tp=1.4 GeV
Creators: name: Adlarson, P.
name: Adolph, C.
name: Augustyniak, W.
name: Bashkanov, M.
name: Bednarski, T.
name: Bergmann, F. S.
name: Berłowski, M.
name: Bhatt, H.
name: Brinkmann, K. --T.
name: Büscher, M.
name: Calén, H.
name: Clement, H.
name: Coderre, D.
name: Czerwiński, E.
name: Doroshkevich, E.
name: Engels, R.
name: Erven, W.
name: Eyrich, W.
name: Fedorets, P.
name: Föhl, K.
name: Fransson, K.
name: Goldenbaum, F.
name: Goslawski, P.
name: Grigoryevj, K.
name: Gullström, C. --O.
name: Heijkenskjöld, L.
name: Heimlich, J.
name: Hejny, V.
name: Hinterberger, F.
name: Hodana, M.
name: Höistad, B.
name: Jacewicz, M.
name: Janusz, M.
name: Jany, A.
name: Jany, B. R.
name: Jarczyk, L.
name: Johansson, T.
name: Kamys, B.
name: Kemmerling, G.
name: Khakimova, O.
name: Khoukaz, A.
name: Kistryn, S.
name: Klaja, J.
name: Kleines, H.
name: Kłos, B.
name: Kren, F.
name: Krzemień, W.
name: Kulessa, P.
name: Kupść, A.
name: Lalwani, K.
name: Lorentz, B.
name: Machner, H.
name: Magiera, A.
name: Maier, R.
name: Mariański, B.
name: Marciniewski, P.
name: Mikirtychiants, M.
name: Morsch, H. --P.
name: Moskal, P.
name: Nandi, B. K.
name: Niedźwiecki, S.
name: Ohm, H.
name: Passfeld, A.
name: Pauly, C.
name: del Rio, E. Perez
name: Petukhov, Y.
name: Piskunov, N.
name: Pluciński, P.
name: Podkopał, P.
name: Povtoreyko, A.
name: Prasuhn, D.
name: Pricking, A.
name: Pysz, K.
name: Rausmann, T.
name: Redmer, C. F.
name: Ritman, J.
name: Rudy, Z.
name: Sawant, S.
name: Schadmand, S.
name: Schmidt, A.
name: Sefzick, T.
name: Serdyuk, V.
name: Shah, N.
name: Siemaszko, M.
name: Skorodko, T.
name: Skurzok, M.
name: Smyrski, J.
name: Sopov, V.
name: Stassen, R.
name: Stepaniak, J.
name: Sterzenbach, G.
name: Stockhorst, H.
name: Szczurek, A.
name: Täschner, A.
name: Tolba, T.
name: Trzciński, A.
name: Varma, R.
name: Vlasov, P.
name: Wagner, G. J.
name: Weglorz, W.
name: Wiedner, U.
name: Winnemöller, A.
name: Wolke, M.
name: Wrońska, A.
name: Wüstner, P.
name: Wurm, P.
name: Yuan, X.
name: Yurev, L.
name: Zabierowski, J.
name: Zheng, C.
name: Zieliński, M. J.
name: Zipper, W.
name: Złomańczuk, J.
name: Zuprański, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reaction pp->pppi0pi0 has been investigated at a beam energy of 1.4 GeV using the WASA-at-COSY facility. The total cross section is found to be (324 +- 21_systematic +- 58_normalization) mub. In order to to study the production mechanism, differential kinematical distributions have been evaluated. The differential distributions indicate that both initial state protons are excited into intermediate Delta(1232) resonances, each decaying into a proton and a single pion, thereby producing the pion pair in the final state. No significant contribution of the Roper resonance N*(1440) via its decay into a proton and two pions is found
description: Submitted to PLB
Approaches to inhomogeneity artifact correction in magnetic resonance imaging near metals
Creators: name: Hoff, Michael Nicholas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Clinical procedures such as image-guided surgery and assessment of tissue regions near implants can greatly benefit from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) near metals. Unfortunately, metals perturb the MRI magnetic field, causing deleterious image distortion, signal loss, and signal overlap artifacts. Several techniques have been developed to correct these artifacts, but those which provide comprehensive solutions require scan times which are too lengthy for time-constrained imaging applications. This study outlines an approach for reconstructing metal artifact corrected images with unique contrast in minimal scan time. First, a technique was developed to completely eliminate distortion in spin-echo images of metals using added phase gradients along the distorted dimension. Attempts to generalize this technique for the correction of signal loss and overlap artifacts faced difficulties. However, these investigations provoked the discovery of a new framework for imaging near metals. This framework is based on the balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP) sequence, which generates images near metals with little to no signal overlap, signal loss, and distortion. Two methods were developed to completely remove problematic signal modulation and banding artifacts using four images with variable radiofrequency phase cycling. One technique employs geometric intuition, and the other an algebraic derivation to calculate unique expressions for the same base demodulated signal. The variable performance of the two techniques on noisy data inspires their variance-weighted summation for robust and high performance image reconstruction. Complementary techniques for reduction of bSSFP signal loss, distortion, and scan time were also devised. Shimming with imaging gradients is shown to recover biphasic signal loss at the cost of extra scan time. Residual distortion is corrected using the phase of the geometric demodulation solution. Two techniques reduce the amount of image data required for signal demodulation. When all developments are considered, a customized balance of image fidelity and scan time may be achieved. Images without bSSFP banding or distortion may be formed of regions close to metals, and residual signal loss may be recovered at the expense of longer scan time. Additional data reduction measures complete the described framework’s capacity for flexible and efficient imaging near metals.
Vector boson mass generation without new fields
Creators: name: Berg, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previously a model of only vector fields with a local U(2) symmetry was introduced for which one finds a massless U(1) photon and a massive SU(2) vector boson in the lattice regularization. Here it is shown that quantization of its classical continuum action leads to perturbative renormalization difficulties. But, non-perturbative Monte Carlo calculations favor the existence of a quantum continuum limit.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Revised after referee reports. One error eliminated
Salutatory from the Editor-in-Chief
Creators: name: Van Soldt, Benjamin Jonathan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine
Medical care
Medical ethics
Equality

description: This day and age is one of uncertainty. Perhaps for the first time in our modern world, everybody feels it. Not just those with a lower socioeconomic status, and not just the middle class. Uncertainty has spread to encapsulate not just the economy and whether or not a family can go on one more vacation this year. The uncertainty has penetrated the foundations of old alliances and basic rights – such that not just your average John and Jane Doe feel uncertainty, but everybody up the political ladder as well.
Synchronization of weakly perturbed Markov chain oscillators
Creators: name: Toenjes, R.
name: Kori, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Rate processes are simple and analytically tractable models for many dynamical systems which switch stochastically between a discrete set of quasi stationary states but they may also approximate continuous processes by coarse grained, symbolic dynamics. In contrast to limit cycle oscillators which are weakly perturbed by noise, the stochasticity in such systems may be strong and more complicated system topologies than the circle can be considered. Here we employ second order, time dependent perturbation theory to derive expressions for the mean frequency and phase diffusion constant of discrete state oscillators coupled or driven through weakly time dependent transition rates. We also describe a method of global control to optimize the response of the mean frequency in complex transition networks.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
The Perfect Storm: Puerto Rico’s Evolving Debt Crisis Under PROMESA
Creators: name: Meng, Tina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: United States territories and possessions
subject: Municipal bankruptcy
subject: Debt relief--Evaluation
subject: Puerto Ricans--Economic conditions

description: In 2015, domestic and international creditors were bracing for a historic financial event as the United States territory Puerto Rico teetered on the brink of catastrophic default. After almost a decade of economic headwinds, substantial money-borrowing, and poor fiscal management, Puerto Rico’s financial condition was quickly deteriorating. However, the island’s legal status as a territory made it impossible for the government to take advantage of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code to renegotiate its debt with institutional investors. After the Supreme Court denied the island’s own attempt to construct a restructuring process, Congress finally stepped in and enacted the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act in the summer of 2016. The Act, commonly referred to as PROMESA, creates a novel framework under which Puerto Rico can renegotiate its credit commitments and hopefully regain access to the credit market sometime in the future. In particular, PROMESA creates the Financial Oversight and Management Board (FOMB), which is an independent organization with oversight and approval authority over much of the Puerto Rico bankruptcy process. However, because PROMESA as a legislative act is new and untested, several interesting questions arise as to the law’s infrastructure around accountability of entities such as the FOMB. These questions are especially salient as Puerto Rico is the first U.S. territory to become insolvent; therefore, how these bankruptcy proceedings unfold will serve as important precedent for other territories or municipalities that may find themselves bankrupt. This Note focuses on the FOMB and whether stakeholders, such as creditors or Puerto Rican citizens, can judicially challenge the fiscal decisions made by the FOMB throughout this restructuring process. While this Note ultimately concludes that stakeholders may not have a strong legal argument to reverse the FOMB’s financial determinations in court, it also proposes that stakeholders may be more successful in appealing to congressional representatives to ensure that their voices are heard and their interests are accounted for throughout these unprecedented proceedings.
Hamiltonian distributed chaos in large-scale climate dynamics
Creators: name: A. Bershadskii
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: chaos
climate
Hamiltonian dynamics

description: It is shown that the large-scale climate dynamics, represented by the daily indices of the North Atlantic (NAO), Pacific/North American (PNA), Arctic (AO) and Antarctic (AAO) oscillations, Asian-Australian Monsoons (ISM, WNPM and AUSM) and El Nino/La Nina phenomenon (Nino indices) as well as the global temperature anomalies (land), is dominated by the Hamiltonian distributed chaos with the stretched exponential spectrum.   