cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
State Income Tax Amnesties 1: Causes
Creators: name: Dubin, Jeffrey A.
name: Graetz, Michael J.
name: Wilde, Louis L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1990
Subjects: Amnesty, Taxes, Tax audits, State income tax, State taxes, Income taxes, Estimated taxes, Economic models, Revenue, Tax revenues

description: The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically for the years 1980-88 the factors which led states with state income taxes to run tax amnesty programs. We find a principal factor to be the level of IRS auditing; in particular, we find that states have tended to "free-ride" on the IRS-if the IRS is active in a state, then that state is less likely to run a tax amnesty program. Indeed, our estimates indicate that had the IRS audit rate remained constant during the 1980-88 period (instead of falling by almost one-half) , then the cumulative probability that an average state would have a tax amnesty by 1988 would have fallen by almost one-half compared to its actual level.
description: Revised version. Original dated to December 1989.

Professor Graetz thanks the National Science Foundation for research support (grant no. SES-870443) as do Professors Dubin and Wilde (grant no. SES-8701027). This analysis was initiated by Mike McDonald as a Caltech Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) project. We thank him for his efforts. We also thank Mike Udell for research assistance. Professor Graetz is currently serving as Deputy Assistant Secretary (Tax Policy) of the Treasury. This article was written before Professor Graetz assumed that office and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Treasury Department.

Published as Dubin, Jeffrey A., Michael J. Graetz, and Louis L. Wilde. "State income tax amnesties: Causes." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, no. 3 (1992): 1057-1070.
description: Submitted - sswp712.pdf
The Effect of Audit Rates on Federal Income Tax Filings and Collections, 1977-1986
Creators: name: Dubin, Jeffrey A.
name: Graetz, Michael J.
name: Wilde, Louis L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: This paper analyzes the effects of audit rates and certain other factors on federal income tax filings and collections. Using data drawn primarily from the Annual Reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue for the years 1977-1986, we investigate the overall performance of the federal revenue collection process and estimate that total IRS collections in 1986 would have risen by approximately forty billion dollars had the federal audit rate remained constant at its 1977 level during the intervening period.
description: This paper is a substantially revised version of Dubin, Graetz and Wilde (1987). Professor Graetz thanks the National Science Foundation for research support (grant no. SES-870443) as do Professors Dubin and Wilde (grant no. SES-8701027). All authors thank Michael Udell for research assistance.
description: Submitted - sswp711.pdf
AI and equity. Vision document. The impact of AI on equity in tertiary education in the Netherlands
Creators: name: Bakker, Theo
name: Eegdeman, Irene
name: De Kraker, Christian
name: Saçan, Erdinç
name: van Leeuwen, Anouschka
Publisher: name: Npuls
Year: 2024
Subjects: AI
Equity
Education

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasing role in education. Npuls’ new vision statement on “AI and Equity” explains how using AI can help make opportunities fairer for all students and the risks involved in The Netherlands. The vision contains a practical guide for Dutch educational institutions to use AI properly and responsibly. A team of writers from secondary and tertiary education created the document. They did a literature review, talked to experts and got ideas from colleagues in the field. This provided many new insights. The entire vision is written in simple language.AI offers many opportunities for education but also comes with risks. Biases in data, for example, can result in unequal outcomes for groups of students. The aim is to use this technology in a way that actively contributes to increasing opportunities for everyone.

The vision includes practical steps and tips for Dutch educational institutions to use AI carefully and fairly. These include recognizing biases in data, using transparent algorithms, and the vital role of teachers in decisions. With careful use of AI, educational institutions can create a safe and fair learning environment where every student can develop well.
Expert Opinions and Taxpayer Compliance: A Strategic Analysis
Creators: name: Graetz, Michael J.
name: Reinganum, Jennifer F.
name: Wilde, Louis L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: In this paper we examine the incentives for taxpayers to claim risky deductions and to solicit expert opinions to support their positions, and for the tax agency to distinguish among individuals who do and do not solicit expert opinions for the purposes of auditing. We also consider the implications of an ex ante constraint on the tax agency which requires it to treat all taxpayers who take the deduction alike in terms of audit rates, whether or not they solicit an expert opinion. Finally, we examine the effects of regulations which limit the degree of riskiness for which a supporting opinion can be justified as well as the effects of changes in various penalty rates.
description: Revised version. Original dated to July 1988.

Professor Graetz thanks the National Science Foundation for research support (grant no. SES-870443) as do Professors Reinganum and Wilde (grant nos. SES-8903157 and SES-8902545).
description: Submitted - sswp710.pdf
Realism Versus Neoliberalism: A Formulation
Creators: name: Niou, Emerson M. S.
name: Ordeshook, Peter C.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economic liberalism, Balance of power, International cooperation, International politics, Political science

description: Although the debate between realism and neoliberalism offers deep insights and raises fundamental questions into the nature of international systems, it also offers the confusion that accompanies imprecisely formulated concepts and an imperfect application of subsidiary ideas. Using a noncooperative extensive-form game to model anarchic international systems, this essay seeks to resolve that debate by restating it in a more explicit and deductive context. Arguing that collective security corresponds to the system envisioned by neoliberals, we begin by differentiating between balance of power and collective security in terms of the strategies that characterize the foreign policies of countries. Next, we establish that both balance of power and collective security can correspond to equilibria in our game. Arguments about goals and institutions are then recast in terms of the different properties of these equilibria. In particular, a balance of power equilibrium does not guarantee every country's security, so in it countries must be vigilant about their relative share of resources. A collective security equilibrium, on the other hand, ensures everyone's sovereignty, and thereby allows absolute resource maximization. Unlike a balance of power equilibrium, however, a collective security equilibrium is not strong and it is not necessarily perfect, so the institutional structures facilitating the realization of mutual gains from the variety of cooperative "subgames" characterizing the world economy play a critical role in establishing the stability of that equilibrium.
description: Published as Niou, Emerson MS, and Peter C. Ordeshook. "Realism versus neoliberalism: A formulation." American Journal of Political Science (1991): 481-511.
description: Submitted - sswp709.pdf
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1740 – Tréguier
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits agroalimentaires
subject: alcool
subject: produits de la mer
subject: poissons
subject: fruits et légumes
subject: produits manufacturés
subject: minerais et métaux
subject: céréales
subject: matériaux de construction
subject: produits combustibles

description: Marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : bière ; cidre ; morue ; passes ; fer ; moulage ; piastres ; chanvre
description: Catégories de marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : produits agroalimentaires ; alcool ; produits de la mer ; poissons ; fruits et légumes ; produits manufacturés ; minerais et métaux
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : bled ; froment ; bois ; bois de construction ; chanvre ; graisse ; blé
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits agroalimentaires ; céréales ; matériaux de construction ; produits combustibles ; produits manufacturés
description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1740 avec le port "Tréguier"
description: Coverage: Petit cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: VAUDELET, Alice. Activités du port de Saint-Malo en 1740. DES : Histoire : Rennes : 1964 (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1035)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Herpetogramma Lederer 1863
Creators: name: Shin, Bora
name: Choi, Sei-Woong
name: Kim, Sung-Soo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Herpetogramma

description: Genus Herpetogramma Lederer, 1863
Type species: Herpetogramma servalis Lederer, 1863
= Acharana Moore, 1885 (type species: Botys otreusalis Walker, 1859)
= Coremataria Amsel, 1956 (type species: Botys infuscalis Guenée, 1854)
= Culcitaria Amsel, 1957 (type species: Botys infuscalis Guenée, 1854)
= Macrobotys Munroe, 1950 (type species: Botys aeglealis Walker, 1859)
= Pachyzancla Meyrick, 1884 (type species: Botys mutualis Zeller, 1852)
= Pantoeocome Warren, 1896 (type species: Pantoeocome deformis Warren, 1896)
= Piloptila Swinhoe, 1894 (type species: Piloptila nigricornalis Swinhoe, 1894)
= Stenomeles Warren, 1892 (type species: Botys agavealis Walker, 1859)
description: Published as part of Shin, Bora, Choi, Sei-Woong & Kim, Sung-Soo, 2022, Fourteen new records of Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from South Korea, pp. 513-534 in Zootaxa 5159 (4) on page 526, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6786069
title: Rapport de voyage, De Grasse (1924) : Ligne de New-York, 1950, voyage n°22
Creators: name: Couetoux du Tertre, Fernand
name: Lebourrelier, René
name: Leveque, Jacques
name: Vincelet, Louis
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Journaux de bord
subject: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
subject: Transports maritimes - Histoire
subject: Marine marchande

description: Chapitrage : Rapports d'insecteurs - Rapport général / du capitaine - Rapport du commissaire - Rapport du second - Rapport de l'officier de sécurité - Rapport de l'officier de navigation - Rapport du médecin - Rapport contentieux
description: Source: French Lines & Compagnies, 1997 004 4979-48
description: Coverage: 1950-08-31/1950-09-21
title: SWE-IV-16 - Skala zur Erfassung der Informationsverhaltensbezogenen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (SWS-IV-16)
title: Self-Efficacy Scale for Information Searching Behavior (SES-IB-16; Mayer, A.-K., Behm, T. & Krampen, G., 2014)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Behm, T.
Publisher: name: ZPID (Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information) – Testarchiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Klassische Testtheorie
subject: Fragebögen
subject: Rating-Skalen
subject: Kompetenz
subject: Lernen
subject: Selbstwirksamkeit
subject: Informationssuche
subject: Informationsbezogene Kenntnisse
subject: Jugendalter
subject: Junges Erwachsenenalter
subject: Classical Test Theory
subject: Questionnaires
subject: Rating Scales
subject: Competence
subject: Learning
subject: Self-Efficacy
subject: Information Seeking
subject: Information Literacy
subject: Adolescence
subject: Young Adulthood
subject: 150

description: Die SWE-IV-16 erfasst fähigkeitsspezifische Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen mit Blick auf das Informationsverhalten und soll deren Zusammenhänge mit "objektiven", mittels Leistungstest gemessenen Informationskompetenzen analysieren. Das Verfahren stützt sich auf das deskriptive Prozessmodell des informationsbezogenen Problemlösens (Information Problem Solving Model) von Brand-Gruwel et al. (2009). Es umfasst 16 Items. Reliabilität: Die Alpha-Werte nach Cronbach lagen in sämtlichen Stichproben über .85. Für die Retestkorrelation über Zeiträume von sechs bis 18 Monaten ergaben sich Werte von rtt = .47 bis rtt = .70. Validität: Für die strukturelle Validität der SWE-IV-16 sprechen Befunde einer konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse der Daten aus den drei Konstruktionsstichproben (N = 305), in der ein eindimensionales Modell einen akzeptablen Fit aufweist. Korrelationsstatistische Befunde zeigen im Sinne konvergenter Validität moderate Zusammenhänge mit anderen Selbstwirksamkeits- und Selbstkonzeptskalen sowie geringe, aber signifikante Korrelationen mit Selbstberichten über fachliche Informationskompetenzen und mit einem Leistungstest zum fachlichen Recherchewissen.
Entry and R & D Costs in Competitive Procurements and Contracting
Creators: name: Tan, Guofu
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: A model of competitive procurements and contracting is presented. The key features of the model include pre-contract R&D, an endogenous number of symmetric firms, and a first-price sealed-bid procurement auction. The unique symmetric perfect free-entry equilibrium is characterized. If the R&D technology is variable scale with constant marginal returns, it is socially optimal for one firm to do all of the R&D and production. However, since the buyer considers only his own cost of procurement, the buyer will prefer to allow free entry, and the number of firms will usually be larger than is socially optimal. If the R&D technology is fixed-scale, the buyer's choices will be socially optimal if the buyer's opportunity cost of an alternative procurement is high. On the other hand, if the opportunity cost is low the buyer will choose a reservation price lower than the socially optimal value and a number of firms no larger than the socially optimal number. Certainly, the type of R&D technology plays an important role in determining optimal R&D and procurement policies for the buyer and for society.
description: Financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Caltech is gratefully acknowledged. I would especially like to thank John Ledyard for encouragement and very helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to Richard Boylan, Preston McAfee. Thomas Palfrey, Daniel Spulber, and other participants at the Caltech Theory Workshop for useful comments and discussions. The responsibility for any errors is entirely mine.
description: Submitted - sswp708.pdf
When is the Core Equivalence Theorem Valid?
Creators: name: Aliprantis, Charalambos D.
name: Burkinshaw, Owen
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: In 1983 L. E. Jones exhibited a surprising example of a weakly Pareto optimal allocation in a two consumer pure exchange economy that failed to be supported by prices. In this example the price space is not a vector lattice (Riesz space). Inspired by Jones' example, A. Mas-Colell and S. F. Richard proved that this pathological phenomenon cannot happen when the price space is a vector lattice. In particular, they established that (under certain conditions) in a pure exchange economy the lattice structure of the price space is sufficient to guarantee the supportability of weakly Pareto optimal allocations by prices-i.e., they showed that the second welfare theorem holds true in an exchange economy whose price space is a vector lattice. In addition, C. D. Aliprantis, D. J. Brown and O. Burkinshaw have shown that when the price space of an exchange economy is a certain vector lattice, the Debreu-Scarf core equivalence theorem holds true, i.e., the sets of Walrasian equilibria and Edgeworth equilibria coincide. (An Edgeworth equilibrium is an allocation that belongs to the core of every replica economy of the original economy.) In other words, the lattice structure of the price space is a sufficient condition for avoiding the pathological situation occurring in Jones' example.
This work shows that the lattice structure of the price space is also a necessary condition. That is, "optimum" allocations in an exchange economy are supported by prices (if and) only if the price space is a vector lattice. Specifically, the following converse-type result of the Debreu-Scarf core equivalence theorem is established: If in a pure exchange economy every Edgeworth equilibrium is supported by prices, then the price space is necessarily a vector lattice.
description: Research of both authors was supported in part by a Chrysler Corporation grant to IUPUI.

Published as Aliprantis, Charalambos D., and Owen Burkinshaw. "When is the core equivalence theorem valid?." Economic Theory 1, no. 2 (1991): 169-182.
description: Submitted - sswp707.pdf
Latin Majuscule Writing with semicursive hand in Herculaneum papyri
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: "Study of the following Latin papyri: P.Herc. 206, 215, 218, 394, 457, 502, 514, 902, 804, 1254, 1257, 1557, 1774. All papyri are listed on the cover page of the main folder, and sometimes they are accompanied by brief bibliographical notes. The indication 'Vu 54 - fini - Revue 58' is written at the end of the list. The study related to each papyrus is enclosed in one folder with the number of the papyrus written on the upper right corner; in one case the sheets related to two papyri are inserted in one single folder, and one of the two numbers is written in a different ink"
description: vue 242
description: Source: 4MAR_9_2_5-15
description: created: n.d., 1957
An Overlapping Generations Model Core Equivalence Theorem
Creators: name: Aliprantis, Charalambos D.
name: Burkinshaw, Owen
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1986

description: The classical Debreu-Scarf core equivalence theorem asserts that in an exchange economy with a finite number of agents art allocation (under certain conditions) is a Walrasian equilibrium if and only if it belongs to the core of every replica of the exchange economy. The pioneering work of P. Samuelson has shown that such a result fails to be true in exchange economies with a countable number of agents.
This paper presents a Debreu-Scarf type core equivalence theorem for the overlapping generations (OLG) model. Specifically, the notion of a short-term core allocation for the overlapping generations model is introduced and it is shown that (under some appropriate conditions) an OLG model allocation is a Walrasian equilibrium if and only if it belongs to the short-term core of every replica of the OLG economy.
description: We thank D. J. Brown and an anonymous referee for their constructive comments on an earlier version of this paper. Research of both authors was supported in part by a Chrysler Corporation grant to IUPUI.

Published as Aliprantis, Charalambos D., and Owen Burkinshaw. "An overlapping generations model core equivalence theorem." Journal of economic theory 50, no. 2 (1990): 362-380.
description: Submitted - sswp706.pdf
Glyphodes Guenee 1854
Creators: name: Shin, Bora
name: Choi, Sei-Woong
name: Kim, Sung-Soo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Glyphodes

description: Genus Glyphodes Guenée, 1854
Type species: Glyphodes stolalis Guenée, 1854
= Caloptychia Hübner, 1825 (type species: Phalaena chrysialis Stoll, 1790)
= Morocosma Lederer, 1863 (type species: Phalaena margaritaria Clerck, 1764)
description: Published as part of Shin, Bora, Choi, Sei-Woong & Kim, Sung-Soo, 2022, Fourteen new records of Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from South Korea, pp. 513-534 in Zootaxa 5159 (4) on page 527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6786069
Bayesian Economist ... Bayesian Agents I: An Alternative Approach to Optimal Learning
Creators: name: El-gamal, Mahmoud A.
name: Sudaram, Rangarajan K.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989
Subjects: Rational Expectations, bayesian learning, controlled Markov processes, sequential statistical decision framework.

description: We study the framework of optimal decision making under uncertainty where the agents do not know the full structure of the model and try to learn it optimally. We generalize the results on Bayesian learning based on the martingale convergence theorem to the sequential framework instead of the repeated framework for which results are currently available. We also show that the variability introduced by the sequential framework is sufficient under very mild identifiability conditions to circumvent the incomplete learning results that characterize the literature. We then question the type of convergence so achieved, and give an alternative Bayesian approach whereby we let the economist himself be a Bayesian with a prior on the priors that his agents may have. We prove that such an economist cannot justify endowing all his agents with the same (much less the true) prior on the basis that the model has been running long enough that we can almost surely approximate any agent's beliefs by any other's. We then examine a possibly weaker justification based on the convergence of the economist's measure on beliefs, and fully characterize it by the Harris ergodicity of the relevant Markov kernel. By means of very simple examples, we then show that learning, partial learning, and non-learning may all occur under the weak conditions that we impose. For complicated models where the Harris ergodicity of the Markov kernel in question can neither be proved nor disproved, the mathematical/statistical test of Domowitz and El-Gamal (1989) can be utilized.
description: We wish to thank Larry Blume, David Easley, and Nick Kiefer and participants in the theory workshops of the University of Rochester and Penn State for valuable suggestions and comments. All remaining errors are of course our own.

Published as El-Gamal, Mahmoud A., and Rangarajan K. Sundaram. "Bayesian economists… Bayesian agents: An alternative approach to optimal learning." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 17, no. 3 (1993): 355-383.
description: Submitted - sswp705.pdf
Common Sense or Commonwealth? The Fence Law and Institutional Change in the Postbellum South
Creators: name: Kantor, Shawn Everett
name: Kousser, J. Morgan
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989
Subjects: Fences, Agricultural land, Tenants, Election laws, Crops, Pastures, Voting, Electoral districts, Farm economics, Workforce

description: What causes individuals to change age-old economic, political, and social institutions? "Radical" historians claim that economic elites use their political power to impose institutions that enable them to extract the "labor surplus" more easily. This sharply conflicts with many economists' belief that economic growth comes about as society adopts a new regime of rules so as to capture potential efficiency gains. Whereas previous economists and historians have not addressed each other's concerns, this paper tests these contending hypotheses using an example common to both literatures - fence laws.
As demographic and economic changes permeated the postbellum South, many progressive farmers called on their state legislatures to adopt stock laws which would prohibit grazing animals on unfenced land. Focusing our attention on the same Georgia counties as previous historians have studied, we provide a more comprehensive analysis of the empirical data than has heretofore been given. Previous research on what contemporaries called the fence question has portrayed the conflict as one between the "haves" and the "have nots" - wealthy landowners against yeoman farmers, tenants, and laborers - or between contending "cultures" - believers in a pre-capitalistic "household mode of production" against partisans of national and international capitalistic market relations. Our investigation of the qualitative and quantitative evidence shows that the two-class interpretation is wrongly simple and the cultural gloss is simply wrong. The stock law created potential benefits which crossed class lines and there is little evidence that its opponents rejected the crass cash nexus. The debate, therefore, was not rooted in class conflict, but stemmed from the materialistic goals of individuals concerned about the equitable distribution of costs and benefits of fencing crops and animals.
description: The first author acknowledges financial support from the John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation and the Anna and James McDonnell Memorial Scholarship Fund. Research for this article was also sponsored by the Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences at the California Institute of Technology. We thank Lance E. Davis, Philip T. Hoffman, and especially Jean-Laurent Rosenthal for helpful discussions and comments. Of course, we retain strict property rights to any of the paper's remaining shortcomings.

Published as Kantor, Shawn Everett, and J. Morgan Kousser. "Common sense or commonwealth? The fence law and institutional change in the postbellum south." The Journal of Southern History 59, no. 2 (1993): 201-242.
description: Submitted - sswp703.pdf
OLEQ - Oldenburg Epistemic Beliefs Questionnaire
Creators: name: Berding, F.
name: Paechter, M.
name: Rebmann, K.
name: Schlömer, T.
name: Mokwinski, B.
name: Hanekamp, Y.
name: Arendasy, M.
Publisher: name: ZPID (Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information) – Testarchiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Klassische Testtheorie
subject: Fragebögen
subject: Rating-Skalen
subject: Epistemologie
subject: Einstellungen
subject: Studierende
subject: Wissen
subject: Lernen
subject: Erwachsenenalter
subject: Classical Test Theory
subject: Questionnaires
subject: Rating Scales
subject: Epistemology
subject: Attitudes
subject: Graduate Students
subject: Knowledge (General)
subject: Learning
subject: Adulthood
subject: 150

description: Der OLEQ ist ein standardisierter Fragebogen zur Erfassung individueller Vorstellungen über Wissen, Wissenserwerb und Lernen auf einer allgemeinen, domänen- und themenunabhängigen Ebene. Er baut auf dem Modell epistemischer Überzeugungen von Schommer (1990) auf, ist aber auch anschlussfähig an Arbeiten auf der Grundlage des Modells von Hofer und Pintrich (1997). Der Fragebogen umfasst 20 empirisch geprüfte Items, welche die Vorstellungen über die (1) Struktur des Wissens, die (2) Quelle des Wissens, die (3) Fähigkeit zu Lernen sowie die (4) Geschwindigkeit zu Lernen erfassen. Reliabilität: Die Reliabilität schwankt je nach Studie und Skala zwischen .50 und .93. Validität: Die Faktorenstruktur konnte im mehreren Studien mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen grundsätzlich bestätigt werden. Es liegen Belege über Zusammenhänge zu Lernstrategien und Lernmotivation vor.
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1758 – Camaret
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits agroalimentaires

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1758 avec le port "Camaret"
description: Marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : farine
description: Catégories de marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : produits agroalimentaires
description: Coverage: Petit cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: LE BERRE, Michelle. Les Activités du port de Saint-Malo en 1758. DES : Histoire : Rennes : 1967 (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1048)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
An Experiment With Space-Station Pricing Policies
Creators: name: Porter, David P.
name: Plott, Charles R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1990

description: In the late 1990s the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) plans to operate an earth orbiting space station. For decades into the future the station is expected to play a dominant role in U.S. space research and in the commercialization of space. If the expectations are correct, then the station will be a complex of potentially valuable resources and services. Much sentiment exists within the government that the allocation of those resources should be based on some sort of market-oriented policy (a more "business-like" approach). This paper is part of a larger project that is intended to ascertain what that policy might be.
description: Published as Plott, C. R., and Porter, D. P., "An Experiment With Space-Station Pricing Policies," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1996, V. 31, p. 237-272.
description: Submitted - sswp704.pdf
title: Incentive Procurement Contracts with Costly R&D
title: Entry and R & D Costs in Competitive Procurements and Contracting
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Tan, Guofu
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: This paper provides a model of both R&D and production in procurement processes where firms invest in R&D and compete for a government procurement contract. The optimal incentive procurement contract is characterized to maximize the government's expected welfare. Explicit consideration of the R&D process changes the standard results in several ways. If the traditional Baron-Myerson (1982) type contract is used where there is costly R&D, the government buys too little from the contractor and pays too little. Raising the price paid encourages private R&D and raises the government's welfare. The form of the optimal procurement contract depends on the number of firms. With R&D and optimal procurement the government prefers more than one firm to invest in R&D and to bid for the production contract. But too much competition may discourage private R&D investment and leave the government worse off. Other features of optimal procurement and R&D expenditures are also discussed.
description: Financial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the John R. Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation, and Li Ming Foundation are gratefully acknowledged. I would like to thank John Ledyard for motivation and very helpful discussions. I would also like to acknowledge comments from Kemal Guler, Preston McAfee, George Mailath, Richard McKelvey, and the participants in the seminars at the Caltech, University of Kentucky, University of Michigan, and University of Pennsylvania. Of course, the responsibility for any errors is entirely mine.
description: Submitted - sswp702.pdf
Legislative Districting
Creators: name: Lowenstein, Daniel Hayes
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: America never knew the rotten boroughs that John Locke called "gross absurdities" and condemned as being incompatible with the right of equal representation (Locke, 1812, at 433). Rotten boroughs were towns "of which there remain[ed] not so much as the ruins, where scarce so much housing as a sheepcote, or more inhabitants than a shepherd [were] to be found, [but that sent] as many representatives to the grand assembly of law-makers, as a whole county numerous in people, and powerful in riches" (id., at 432).
The United States did inherit from Britain the so-called Westminster system, in which legislators are elected, usually one apiece, from geographically defined districts, with the candidate receiving the most votes declared the winner. Perhaps the system was inevitable in a time with neither full-fledged political parties nor modem devices of transportation and communication. In any event, the system has been permanently embedded in American political thought and practice.
description: Published - sswp701.pdf
title: Conflict and Stability in Anarchic International Systems
title: Stability in Anarchic International Systems
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Niou, Emerson M. S.
name: Ordeshook, Peter C.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989
Subjects: Balance of power, Anarchy, Countries, Systems stability, Game theory, Sovereignty, War, Lotteries, Natural resources

description: A considerable part of theory in international relations concerns the issue of whether cooperation and stability can emerge from the competition and self-interest of sovereign powers existing in a state of anarchy. Does anarchy, if ever, imply stability in the form of a balance-of-power, or does stability require restraints which arise from the complex nexus of interdependencies characterizing the contemporary world economy and its associated institutions? The analysis in this essay supposes that nation-states are each endowed with some infinitely divisible resource, which those states maximize and which also measures their ability to overcome adversaries in the event of conflict. In this context we reexamine and reformulate the realist view, by offering a noncooperative, extensive-form model of international conflict without exogenous mechanisms for the enforcement of agreements in order to uncover the conditions under which a balance-of-power as construed by our model ensures the sovereignty of all states in anarchic systems. Our primary conclusion is simple: there exists at least one world, albeit abstract and reminiscent of the frictionless planes with which we introduce the perspectives of physics, in which a balance-of-power ensures sovereignty.
description: This research was partially supported by NSF grant #SES-8822308. We have benefited greatly from initial suggestions on how to proceed from Tom Schwartz and Eric Rasmusen and from a continuing dialogue with R. Harrison Wagner.

Published as Emerson M. S. Niou and Peter C. Ordeshook. The American Political Science Review. Vol. 84, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 1207-1234
description: Submitted - sswp700.pdf
Noronhia coriacea
Creators: name: Hong-Wa, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Oleaceae
Noronhia
Noronhia coriacea

description: 17. Noronhia coriacea Hong-Wa, spec. nova (Fig. 11).
Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toliara: Anosy, Andohahela (parcel 3), Ankazofotsy, 25°01’S 46°38’E, 15.V.2001, Randriamampionona 1004 (holo-: MO-6615574!; iso-: BR!, G [G00341630]!, K!, MO-6616000!, P [P03533041]!, TAN!, US!, WAG!).
Diagnosis
Noronhia coriacea Hong-Wa can be distinguished from other members of the genus by its white bark, its thick, coriaceous, shiny leaf blades and its ovoid and smooth fruits.
Description
Trees to 6 m tall; young twigs flattened, 1.3-1.5 mm diameter, glabrous; bark whitish, smooth to rugose. Leaves opposite, persistent; bud scales rarely persistent; blades glossy green almost silvery above, dull green to yellowish below, oblanceolate to obovate, 6.5-9 3 1.8-2.2 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, domatia absent, base acute to attenuate, margin slightly revolute, apex retuse to rounded, midrib slightly sunken above, distinctly raised above, secondary veins inconspicuous, 9-11 per side, 7-10 mm apart, looping 1-2 mm from the margin; petiole whitish, 6-9 3 1.5-1.7 mm, entirely woody, glabrous. Flowers unseen, but infructescence thyrsoid. Fruiting pedicel 5-7 3 0.9-1.3 mm; young fruits green, unseen mature, ovoid, 11.5-11.8 3 9-10 mm, smooth, apex flat to bluntly pointed, ridged, style persistent; dry pericarp 1.2- 1.5 mm thick; endocarp woody; seed 7-7.5 3 4-4.5 mm.
Distribution, ecology and phenology
Noronhia coriacea occurs in low elevation transitional forest on basement rocks at Andohahela in the south (Fig. 9). It has been collected in fruits in May.
Conservation status
With just a single collection known from a restricted forest (Andohahela Parcel 3), N. coriacea has an AOO of just 4 km 2 and one subpopulation, representing a single location. Despite its occurrence within a protected area (Andohahela), which theoretically provides protection, this species may nonetheless experience a decline in habitat quality in the near future due to the close proximity of the subpopulation to a national road (less than 100 m away), where forest clearance can be observed. Therefore, N. coriacea is assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” [VU D2].
Notes
Noronhia coriacea is somewhat similar to N. retusifolia Hong-Wa, but can be distinguished by having only opposite leaves (vs. opposite to verticillate at the tips of the branches), by the absence (vs. presence) of domatia on the abaxial surface of the leaf blades, and by having smooth (vs. rugose) fruits. The new species can be recognized by its white bark, thick, coriaceous, shiny leaf blades, and ovoid and smooth fruits.
description: Published as part of Hong-Wa, Cynthia, 2016, A taxonomic revision of the genus Noronhia Stadtm. ex Thouars (Oleaceae) in Madagascar and the Comoro Islands, pp. 1-292 in Boissiera 70 on page 78, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7599432
Latin Majuscule Writing in Herculaneum Papyri
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 14
description: "Study of the following Latin papyri: P.Herc. 76, 153, 513, 766, 1031, 1208, 1463, 1491, 1620, 1624, 1665. All the papyri are listed on the cover page of the main folder, and sometimes they are accompanied by brief bibliographical notes. Some papyri are marked by a sign (in different red ink) meaning 'recopié'; some papyri are accompanied by the indication 'micro' (in different pink ink). In addition to some bibliographical notes, the indication 'Vu 54 - fini - Revue 58' is writtenat the end of the list. The upper right corner of the cover page contains the title 'Mayuscule' (the previous title was 'Mayuscule baroque semicursive', but the words 'baroque semicursive'have been deleted. The study related to each papyrus is enclosed in one folder with the number of the papyrus written on the upper right corner; in some cases the sheets concerning two papyri are inserted in one single folder, and one of the two numbers is written in a different ink. The list mentions also to P.Herc. 766 and P.Herc. 1031 (the number of which is added with a different ink on the left part of the page and not in the main list): their study has been inserted into the folder concerning P.Herc. 153 and P.Herc 513, but P.Herc. 766 and 1031 are not mentioned on the cover page of the folder."
description: Source: 4MAR_10_2_5-17
description: Relation: 4MAR_42_4-3
description: created: n.d., 1957
Selection Bias in Linear Regression, Logit and Probit Models
Creators: name: Dubin, Jeffrey A.
name: Rivers, Douglas
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: Missing data are common in observational studies due to self-selection of subjects. Missing data can bias estimates of linear regression and related models. The nature of selection bias and econometric methods for correcting it are described. The econometric approach relies upon a specification of the selection mechanism. We extend this approach to binary logit and probit models and provide a simple test for selection bias in these models. An analysis of candidate preference in the 1984 U.S. presidential election illustrates the technique.
description: Published as Dubin, Jeffrey A., and Douglas Rivers. "Selection bias in linear regression, logit and probit models." Sociological Methods & Research 18, no. 2-3 (1989): 360-390.
description: Submitted - sswp698.pdf
Alternative Policies for Unemployment Insurance
Creators: name: Dubin, Jeffrey A.
name: Rivers, Douglas
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: The effects of a wage subsidy program on the duration of insured unemployment are investigated using data from a demonstration project conducted by the Illinois Department of Employment Security. UI claimants were offered a voucher that could be presented to potential employers as an inducement for their hire. Participation in the subsidy program was voluntary and eligibility was limited to a ten week period following the initial UI claim. In principle, the subsidy should increase the demand for the unemployed worker's services by reducing an employer's net wage costs. It may also have supply effects if the expiration of eligibility for the subsidy causes an increase in search effort, though it is also possible that the subsidy causes workers to adjust their reservation wage levels upward. In practice, subsidies have stigmatic effects that tend to lower participation rates by high-skilled workers. As a result, participants in a subsidy program have longer average durations of unemployment than non-participants. However, correcting for self-selection, we find that wage subsidies can substantially increase a worker's probability of reemployment and that the net benefits of such a program exceed its cost. In addition, wage subsidies are compared to a search bonus proposal which is also cost effective, but, due to differences in participation patterns, has rather different effects.
description: Submitted - sswp697.pdf
Public and Private Information: An Experimental Study of Information Pooling
Creators: name: McKelvey, Richard D.
name: Page, Talbot
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989
Subjects: Information Pooling, Common Knowledge, Bayesian Learning

description: This paper reports on an experimental study of-the way in which individuals make inferences from publicly available information. We compare the predictions of a theoretical model of a common knowledge inference process with actual behavior. In the theoretical model, "perfect Bayesians," starting with private information, take actions; an aggregate statistic is made publicly available; the individuals do optimal Bayesian updating and take new actions; and the process continues until there is a common knowledge equilibrium with complete information pooling. We find that the theoretical model roughly predicts the observed behavior, but the actual inference process is clearly less efficient than the standard of the theoretical model, and while there is some pooling, it is incomplete.
description: Published as McKelvey, Richard D., and Talbot Page. "Public and private information: An experimental study of information pooling." Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society (1990): 1321-1339.
description: Submitted - sswp696.pdf
title: IMEB-A - Instrument for Measuring Epistemic Beliefs in Accounting
title: Instrument for Measuring Epistemic Beliefs in Accounting
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Berding, F.
Publisher: name: ZPID (Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information) – Testarchiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Klassische Testtheorie
subject: Fragebögen
subject: Rating-Skalen
subject: Epistemologie
subject: Einstellungen
subject: Studierende
subject: Wissen
subject: Lernen
subject: Verständnis
subject: Erwachsenenalter
subject: Classical Test Theory
subject: Questionnaires
subject: Rating Scales
subject: Epistemology
subject: Attitudes
subject: Graduate Students
subject: Knowledge (General)
subject: Learning
subject: Comprehension
subject: Adulthood
subject: 150

description: Das IMEB-A ist ein standardisierter Fragebogen zur Erfassung individueller Vorstellungen über Wissen und Wissenserwerb im Rechnungswesen. Es baut auf dem Modell epistemischer Überzeugungen von Hofer und Pintrich (1997) sowie Berding (2015, 2016b, 2017) auf. Der Fragebogen umfasst 34 empirisch geprüfte Items, welche die Vorstellungen über die (1) Struktur, (2) Quelle, (3) Anwendbarkeit, (4) Stabilität und (5) Rechtfertigung des Wissens im Rechnungswesen erfassen. Reliabilität: Die Reliabilität schwankt je nach Studie und Skala zwischen .70 und .89. Validität: Die Faktorstruktur konnte in mehreren Studien mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalysen grundsätzlich bestätigt werden. Das Fornell-Larcker-Kriterium sowie Wald-Tests belegen die diskriminante Validität der Skalen. Es liegen Belege über Zusammenhänge zu Noten und Lernmotivation vor.
Efficient Trading Mechanisms with Pre-Play Communication
Creators: name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
name: Srivastava, Sanjay
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1989

description: This paper studies the problem of designing efficient trading mechanisms when players may engage in pre-play communication. It is well known that equilibrium behavior can be affected, sometimes drastically, if players have the opportunity to exchange messages prior to playing some particular game. We investigate the relationship between efficiency, pre-play communication, and unique implementation. We identify a class of simple mechanisms which are immune to pre-play communication and show that any incentive efficient allocation can be uniquely implemented by such a mechanism.
description: Published as Palfrey, Thomas R., and Sanjay Srivastava. "Efficient trading mechanisms with pre-play communication." Journal of Economic Theory 55, no. 1 (1991): 17-40.
description: Submitted - sswp693.pdf