cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Melvin Universe in Born-Infeld gravity
Creators: name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Olmo, Gonzalo J.
name: Rubiera-Garcia, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a magnetic flux pointing in the $z$ direction of an axially symmetric space-time (Melvin Universe) in a Born-Infeld-type extension of General Relativity (GR) formulated in the Palatini approach. Large magnetic fields could have been produced in the early Universe, and given rise to interesting phenomenology regarding wormholes and black hole remnants. We find a formal analytic solution to this problem that recovers the GR result in the appropriate limits. Our results set the basis for further extensions that could allow the embedding of pairs of black hole remnants in geometries with intense magnetic fields.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Two-Photon Pathway to Ultracold Ground State Molecules of $^{23}$Na$^{40}$K
Creators: name: Park, Jee Woo
name: Will, Sebastian A.
name: Zwierlein, Martin W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on high-resolution spectroscopy of ultracold fermionic \nak~Feshbach molecules, and identify a two-photon pathway to the rovibrational singlet ground state via a resonantly mixed \Bcres intermediate state. Photoassociation in a $^{23}$Na-$^{40}$K atomic mixture and one-photon spectroscopy on \nak~Feshbach molecules reveal about 20 vibrational levels of the electronically excited \ctrip state. Two of these levels are found to be strongly perturbed by nearby \Bsing states via spin-orbit coupling, resulting in additional lines of dominant singlet character in the perturbed complex {${\rm B}^1Π|v{=}4\rangle {\sim} {\rm c}^3Σ^+ | v{=}25\rangle$}, or of resonantly mixed character in {${\rm B}^1Π| v{=}12 \rangle {\sim}{\rm c}^3Σ^+ | v{=}35 \rangle$}. The dominantly singlet level is used to locate the absolute rovibrational singlet ground state ${\rm X}^1Σ^+ | v{=}0, J{=}0 \rangle$ via Autler-Townes spectroscopy. We demonstrate coherent two-photon coupling via dark state spectroscopy between the predominantly triplet Feshbach molecular state and the singlet ground state. Its binding energy is measured to be 5212.0447(1) \cm, a thousand-fold improvement in accuracy compared to previous determinations. In their absolute singlet ground state, \nak~molecules are chemically stable under binary collisions and possess a large electric dipole moment of $2.72$ Debye. Our work thus paves the way towards the creation of strongly dipolar Fermi gases of NaK molecules.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Transduction of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Adenoviral and Retroviral Vectors
Creators: name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Hoganson, Diana K.
name: Boucher, Richard C.
name: Olsen, John C.
name: Batra, Raj K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Gene transfer into a panel of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by adenoviral (Ad) and retroviral
(RV) vectors was studied. Indexed to multiplicity of infection (MOI), Ad vectors transduce squamous, adenosquamous,
and malignant mesothelioma cells with greater efficiency than large cells or adenocarcinoma
cells. Transduction-sensitive cells bind the Ad vector with specificity for the Ad fiber knob, and internalize
vector efficiently. Transduction-refractory cells bind and internalize vector by less efficient
pathways. Like Ad vectors, there is heterogeneity in RV transduction efficiencies of different NSCLC subtypes.
With respect to the most common cell type metastatic to the pleural space (adenocarcinoma), amphotropic
retroviral vectors transduce cells of this subtype more efficiently (at a lower MOI) than Ad. RV
transduction is not solely dependent on cellular replication, and both permissive and refractory cell lines
express the mRNA for the amphotropic RV receptor. These observations suggest that neither Ad nor RV
vectors will suffice a priori as the optimal gene transfer vehicle, and successful gene therapy of lung cancer
may require tumor-specific or patient-specific vectors.
Atriplex schugnanica Iljin 1936
Creators: name: Mosyakin, Sergei L.
name: Mcneill, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Amaranthaceae
Atriplex
Atriplex schugnanica

description: Atriplex schugnanica Iljin (1936: 123).
 Lectotype (designated by Sukhorukov & Tscherneva in Sukhorukov 2006: 384):— TAJIKISTAN: Korshinsky 4692 (LE).
 − Atriplex pallida sensu Sukhorukov in Sukhorukov & Kushunina (2015: 288), quoad pl.
description: Published as part of Mosyakin, Sergei L. & Mcneill, John, 2018, On the nomenclature of Chenopodium pallidum and Atriplex schugnanica (Chenopodiaceae / Amaranthaceae sensu APG) and the perils of epitypification, pp. 133-137 in Phytotaxa 376 (3) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.376.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13726900
Comatricha afroalpina Rammeloo, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg.
Creators: name: Zhang, Bo
name: Wang, Saiyu
name: Xu, Xiaoqi
name: Li, Tianhao
name: Dai, Dan
name: Li, Yu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Mycetozoa
Myxomycetes
Stemonitidales
Stemonitidaceae
Comatricha
Comatricha afroalpina

description: Comatricha afroalpina Rammeloo, Bull. Jard. Bot. Belg. 53(1/2):297 (1983). Figure 4.
Scattered sporocarps are 1–2 mm in total height. The red-brown stalk is 0.5–1 mm tall. The sporothecae are spherical and dark brown. A tapered columella reaches almost to the apex in the smaller sporocarps. An abundant capillitium peripherally s an incomplete irregular network with numerous free ends. Grey-brown spores are regularly verruculose with dispersed groups of larger dark warts, which sometimes form an incomplete reticulum; the spores are 8–10 μm in diameter.
 Specimen examined: CHINA. Jiangxi Province, East China Institute of Technology, 17 June 2013, Zhang2016011102 (HMJAU-M1006).
 Discussion: The genus Comatricha Preuss has been reported to contain 41 species, but only two species, C. vineatilis and C. alpina, are similar to C. macrospora. Like C. macrospora, C. aplina has a persistent peridium at the base of the sporotheca; meanwhile C. vineatilis is similar to C. afroalpina in having regularly verruculose spores dispersed in larger groups. Comatricha vineatilis (spore size: 6–7 μm in diameter) has smaller spores than C. afroalpina (spore size: 8–10 μm in diameter), whereas C. alpina (spore size: 11–12 μm in diameter) is a nivicolous species and has larger spores than C. afroalpina.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Bo, Wang, Saiyu, Xu, Xiaoqi, Li, Tianhao, Dai, Dan & Li, Yu, 2018, Identification of the new species Comatricha macrospora and two other recently recorded species of Comatricha from China, pp. 71-79 in Phytotaxa 374 (1) on pages 77-78, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.374.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/13726988
Replication-deficient Adenoviral Vector for Gene Transfer Potentiates Airway Neurogenic Inflammation
Creators: name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Lehmann, James R.
name: McCarty, Douglas
name: Piedimonte, Giovanni
name: Costa, Daniel L.
name: Boucher, Richard C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Human trials for the treatment of cystic fibrosis lung disease with adenoviral vectors have been complicated
by acute inflammatory reactions of unknown etiology. Because replicating respiratory viruses can
potentiate tachykinin-mediated neurogenic inflammatory responses in airways, we studied whether the
endotracheal administration of a replication-deficient adenoviral vector potentiated this response. The vector
Ad5CMVLacZ was administered endotracheally to rats and the leakage of Evans blue dye was used
to measure the capsaicin-induced neurogenic albumin extravasation. These studies show that neurogenic
albumin extravasation is significantly potentiated in the airways of rats after administration of Ad5CMVLacZ.
This inflammatory response can be blocked by selective antagonists of the substance Preceptor
or by glucocorticoids. Therefore, (1) the acute airway inflammation observed in patients after exposure
to adenoviral vectors may exhibit a neurogenic component, which can be blocked pharmacologically, and
(2) preclinical adenoviral vector safety studies of other organs innervated by the tachykinin system, e.g.,
coronary arteries and gastrointestinal tract, should include assessment of neurogenic inflammation.
SoK: How Not to Architect Your Next-Generation TEE Malware?
Creators: name: Küçük, Kubilay Ahmet
name: Moyle, Steve
name: Martin, Andrew
name: Mereacre, Alexandru
name: Allott, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Besides Intel's SGX technology, there are long-running discussions on how trusted computing technologies can be used to cloak malware. Past research showed example methods of malicious activities utilising Flicker, Trusted Platform Module, and recently integrating with enclaves. We observe two ambiguous methodologies of malware development being associated with SGX, and it is crucial to systematise their details. One methodology is to use the core SGX ecosystem to cloak malware; potentially affecting a large number of systems. The second methodology is to create a custom enclave not adhering to base assumptions of SGX, creating a demonstration code of malware behaviour with these incorrect assumptions; remaining local without any impact. We examine what malware aims to do in real-world scenarios and state-of-art techniques in malware evasion. We present multiple limitations of maintaining the SGX-assisted malware and evading it from anti-malware mechanisms. The limitations make SGX enclaves a poor choice for achieving a successful malware campaign. We systematise twelve misconceptions (myths) outlining how an overfit-malware using SGX weakens malware's existing abilities. We find the differences by comparing SGX assistance for malware with non-SGX malware (i.e., malware in the wild in our paper). We conclude that the use of hardware enclaves does not increase the preexisting attack surface, enables no new infection vector, and does not contribute any new methods to the stealthiness of malware.
description: Kubilay Ahmet K\"u\c{c}\"uk, Steve Moyle, Andrew Martin, Alexandru Mereacre, and Nicholas Allott. 2022. SoK: How Not to Architect Your Next-Generation TEE Malware?. In Hardware and Architectural Support for Security and Privacy (HASP 22), October 1, 2022, Chicago, IL, USA. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 10 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3569562.3569568
Reciprocity Between Robustness of Period and Plasticity of Phase in Biological Clocks
Creators: name: Hatakeyama, Tetsuhiro S.
name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Circadian clocks exhibit the robustness of period and plasticity of phase against environmental changes such as temperature and nutrient conditions. Thus far, however, it is unclear how both are simultaneously achieved. By investigating distinct models of circadian clocks, we demonstrate reci- procity between robustness and plasticity: higher robustness in the period implies higher plasticity in the phase, where changes in period and in phase follow a linear relationship with a negative coef- ficient. The robustness of period is achieved by the adaptation on the limit cycle via a concentration change of a buffer molecule, whose temporal change leads to a phase shift following a shift of the limit-cycle orbit in phase space. Generality of reciprocity in clocks with the adaptation mechanism is confirmed with theoretical analysis of simple models, while biological significance is discussed.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Fair and Square: Cake-Cutting in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Segal-Halevi, Erel
name: Nitzan, Shmuel
name: Hassidim, Avinatan
name: Aumann, Yonatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the classic problem of fairly dividing a heterogeneous good ("cake") among several agents with different valuations. Classic cake-cutting procedures either allocate each agent a collection of disconnected pieces, or assume that the cake is a one-dimensional interval. In practice, however, the two-dimensional shape of the allotted pieces is important. In particular, when building a house or designing an advertisement in printed or electronic media, squares are more usable than long and narrow rectangles. We thus introduce and study the problem of fair two-dimensional division wherein the allotted pieces must be of some restricted two-dimensional geometric shape(s), particularly squares and fat rectangles. Adding such geometric constraints re-opens most questions and challenges related to cake-cutting. Indeed, even the most elementary fairness criterion --- proportionality --- can no longer be guaranteed. In this paper we thus examine the level of proportionality that can be guaranteed, providing both impossibility results and constructive division procedures.
description: Journal version
Failure of thapsigargin to alter ion transport in human sweat gland epithelia while intracellular Ca2+ concentration is raised
Creators: name: Pickles, Raymond J.
name: Cuthbert, Alan W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Cai in cultured human sweat gland epithelial monolayers
was measured using Fura-2 fluorescence. Thapsigargin
(Tg) caused a sustained increase in Cai, the
rate of rise being slower but the magnitude greater
than with the agonists lysylbradykinin and ATP.
Tg caused an irreversible change such that even
after it was removed Cai was dependent on the ambient
calcium concentration, consistent with the hypothesis
that Ca2+ entry is controlled by the state of the intracellular
stores. Calcium entry after Tg was not modified
by nimodipine, o-conotoxin, or BAY K8644 but
could be blocked by low concentrations (0.5 mM) of
La3+. High concentrations of La3+ (2 mM) caused an
increase in the response to Tg, suggesting that membrane
ATPase exerts a major Cai lowering effect. Intracellular
ca’+ ion chelation with l,Z-bis(2-aminophenoxy)
ethane-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetica cid significantly
blunted the response to Tg. Finally, Mn2+ entry
rate into epithelial cells was doubled by Tg.
In spite of the evidence that Tg raises Cai to values
greater and for longer than calcium requiring agonists
only the latter affected transepithelial transport processes.
It sihs own that Tg neither affects transepithelial
sodium transport nor chloride conductance, both of
which increase in response to lysylbradykinin or ATP.
It is concluded that spatio-temporal patterns of Cai
increase after Tg and other agonists are different.
Constraining Anisotropic Cosmological Model in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathscr{L}_m)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Kavya, N. S.
name: Venkatesha, V.
name: Mandal, Sanjay
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observational evidence regarding the present cosmological aspects tells us about the presence of very little anisotropy in the universe on a large scale. Here, in this paper, we attempt to study locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) homogeneous Bianchi-I spacetime with the isotropic matter distribution. This is done within the framework of $f(\mathcal{R},\mathscr{L}_m)$ gravity. Particularly, we consider a non-linear $f(\mathcal{R},\mathscr{L}_m)$ model, $f(\mathcal{R},\mathscr{L}_m)=\dfrac{1}{2}\mathcal{R}+\mathscr{L}_m^{\,α}$. Furthermore, $ω$, the equation of state parameter, which is vital stuff in determining the present phase of the universe is constrained. To constrain the model parameters and the equation of state parameter, we use 57 Hubble data points and 1048 Pantheon supernovae type Ia data sample. And, for our statistical analysis, we use Markoc Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation. Moreover, with the help of obtained values of parameters, we measure the anisotropy parameter for our model.
description: Physics of the Dark Universe accepted version
Trajectories of fertility intentions among women living with HIV in South Africa
Creators: name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Rees, Helen
name: Schwartz, Sheree R.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Pettifor, Audrey E.
name: Rucinski, Katherine B.
name: Black, Vivian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Fertility intentions are thought to be dynamic among women of reproductive age, yet few studies have assessed fertility intentions over time among women with HIV. We examine temporal patterns of fertility intentions in women with HIV to assess the extent to which fertility intentions–and the corresponding need for safer conception and judicious antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen selection–vary over time. 850 non-pregnant HIV-positive women aged 18–35 on or being initiated onto ART in Johannesburg, South Africa were enrolled into a prospective cohort study (2009–2010). Fertility intentions were assessed at enrollment and at 30-day intervals via an interviewer-administered questionnaire. We used group-based trajectory modelling to identify longitudinal patterns of fertility intentions over 12 months. We identified four patterns of fertility intentions, which we labelled “consistently low” (representing ∼60% of the population), “low and increasing” (∼23%), “high and increasing” (∼12%), and “high and decreasing” (∼5%). Our findings suggest that a single family-planning assessment at one time point is insufficient to fully identify and meet the reproductive needs of women with HIV. As HIV testing and treatment evolve in South Africa, routine screening for fertility intentions can offer important opportunities to optimize HIV treatment, prevention, and maternal and child health.
Orientational Ordering, Buckling, and Dynamic Transitions for Vortices Interacting with a Periodic Quasi-One Dimensional Substrate
Creators: name: Thien, Q. Le
name: McDermott, D.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Reichhardt, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the statics and dynamics of vortices in the presence of a periodic quasi-one dimensional substrate, focusing on the limit where the vortex lattice constant is smaller than the substrate lattice period. As a function of the substrate strength and filling factor, within the pinned state we observe a series of order-disorder transitions associated with buckling phenomena in which the number of vortex rows that fit between neighboring substrate maxima increases. These transitions coincide with steps in the depinning threshold, jumps in the density of topological defects, and changes in the structure factor. At the buckling transition the vortices are disordered, while between the buckling transitions the vortices form a variety of crystalline and partially ordered states. In the weak substrate limit, the buckling transitions are absent and the vortices form an ordered hexagonal lattice that undergoes changes in its orientation with respect to the substrate as a function of vortex density. At intermediate substrate strengths, certain ordered states appear that are correlated with peaks in the depinning force. Under an applied drive the system exhibits a rich variety of distinct dynamical phases, including plastic flow, a density-modulated moving crystal, and moving floating solid phases. We also find a dynamic smectic-to-smectic transition in which the smectic ordering changes from being aligned with the substrate to being aligned with the external drive. The different dynamical phases can be characterized using velocity histograms and the structure factor. We discuss how these results are related to recent experiments on vortex ordering on quasi-one-dimensional periodic modulated substrates. Our results should also be relevant for other types of systems such as ions, colloids, or Wigner crystals interacting with periodic quasi-one-dimensional substrates.
description: 15 pages, 13 postscript figures
Stellar population synthesis models between 2.5 and 5 μm based on the empirical IRTF stellar library
Creators: name: Röck, B.
name: Vazdekis, A.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Knapen, J. H.
name: Falcón-Barroso, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first single-burst stellar population models in the infrared wavelength range between 2.5 and 5 μm which are exclusively based on empirical stellar spectra. Our models take as input 180 spectra from the stellar IRTF (Infrared Telescope Facility) library. Our final single-burst stellar population models are calculated based on two different sets of isochrones and various types of initial mass functions of different slopes, ages larger than 1 Gyr and metallicities between [Fe/H] = -0.70 and 0.26. They are made available online to the scientific community on the MILES web page. We analyse the behaviour of the Spitzer [3.6]-[4.5] colour calculated from our single stellar population models and find only slight dependences on both metallicity and age. When comparing to the colours of observed early-type galaxies, we find a good agreement for older, more massive galaxies that resemble a single-burst population. Younger, less massive and more metal-poor galaxies show redder colours with respect to our models. This mismatch can be explained by a more extended star formation history of these galaxies which includes a metal-poor or/and young population. Moreover, the colours derived from our models agree very well with most other models available in this wavelength range. We confirm that the mass-to-light ratio determined in the Spitzer [3.6] μm band changes much less as a function of both age and metallicity than in the optical bands.
description: 25 pages, 19 figures, published in MNRAS, models can be downloaded from http://miles.iac.es
3D modelling of the impact of stellar activity on tidally locked terrestrial exoplanets: atmospheric composition and habitability
Creators: name: Ridgway, Robert J.
name: Zamyatina, Maria
name: Mayne, Nathan J.
name: Manners, James
name: Lambert, F. Hugo
name: Braam, Marrick
name: Drummond, Benjamin
name: Hébrard, Éric
name: Palmer, Paul I.
name: Kohary, Krisztian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar flares present challenges to the potential habitability of terrestrial planets orbiting M dwarf stars through inducing changes in the atmospheric composition and irradiating the planet's surface in large amounts of ultraviolet light. To examine their impact, we have coupled a general circulation model with a photochemical kinetics scheme to examine the response and changes of an Earth-like atmosphere to stellar flares and coronal mass ejections. We find that stellar flares increase the amount of ozone in the atmosphere by a factor of 20 compared to a quiescent star. We find that coronal mass ejections abiotically generate significant levels of potential bio-signatures such as N$_2$O. The changes in atmospheric composition cause a moderate decrease in the amount of ultraviolet light that reaches the planets surface, suggesting that while flares are potentially harmful to life, the changes in the atmosphere due to a stellar flare act to reduce the impact of the next stellar flare.
description: 27 pages, 21 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Transcriptome of the Nxnl1-/- mouse retina
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Rod-derived Cone Viability Factor (RdCVF, alias nxnl1) is a retina-specific protein identified for its therapeutic potential in supporting cone survival during retinal degeneration.A nxnl1 knockout mouse model was created and the transcriptome used to demonstrate that the retina is compromised by the absence of nxnl1.Keywords: genetic modification, transcription-profile, retinaOverall design: In total 9 samples were analyzed, they represent three different genotypes (wt/wt, ko/wt, ko/ko) that were tested in triplicate each.
$\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ Extensions of Right-angled Coxeter Groups
Creators: name: Cunningham, Charles
name: Eisenberg, Andy
name: Piggott, Adam
name: Ruane, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F65, 20F55

description: We show that any split extension of a right-angled Coxeter group $W_Γ$ by a generating automorphism of finite order acts faithfully and geometrically on a $\mathrm{CAT}(0)$ metric space.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Analysis of the retinal gene expression after hypoxic preconditioning identifies candidate genes for neuroprotection
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2009
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Neuroprotective therapies for retinal degeneration may be used to rescue retinal cells and preserve vision. Hypoxic preconditioning stabilizes the transcription factor HIF-1α in the retina and strongly protects photoreceptors in an animal model of light-induced retinal degeneration.Our data suggest that neuroprotection after hypoxic preconditioning of the retina is the result of the differential expression of a multitude of genes which may act in concert to protect visual cells against a toxic insult.Keywords: hypoxic preconditioning, neuroprotection, transcription-profile, retinaOverall design: In total 24 samples were analyzed on Affymetrix mouse 430.2 arrays, the samples represent different durations of regeneration (none = 0 h, 2 h, 4 h and 16 h) from hypoxic or normoxic treatments, that were tested in triplicates.
Longitudinal Trajectories of Physical Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescent Girls in Rural South Africa: Findings From HPTN 068
Creators: name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Gomez-Olive, Francesc Xavier
name: MacPhail, Catherine
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Selin, Amanda
name: DeLong, Stephanie M.
name: Wagner, Ryan G.
name: Maman, Suzanne
name: Twine, Rhian
name: Dunkle, Kristin L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Purpose: Little is known about temporal patterns of physical intimate partner violence (PIPV) among South African adolescent girls. We sought to identify and describe PIPV risk trajectories and related correlates in this population. Methods: Our analytical cohort came from the HPTN 068 Cash Transfer Trial in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Cohort members were eighth and ninth graders (median age 14 years) who enrolled in 2011 and had three to four annual, self-reported PIPV measurements. We used group-based trajectory models to identify groups of girls with similar longitudinal patterns of PIPV risk over 4 years and potential correlates of group membership. Results: We identified two trajectory groups (n = 907): a higher-risk group (~52.8% of the cohort) with predicted PIPV probabilities of 13.5%–41.1% over time and a lower-risk group (~47.2% of the cohort) with predicted probabilities of 2.3%–10.3%. Baseline correlates of higher-risk group membership were ever having had sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56–12.57), borrowing money (aOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.01–3.79), and older age (aOR per 1-year increase: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11–1.73), while being in the 068 intervention arm (aOR:.29, 95% CI:.17–.51) and supporting more gender-equitable norms (aOR per 1-unit score increase:.89, 95% CI:.81–.97) were inversely associated. Conclusions: A high proportion of adolescent girls experience sustained PIPV risk in rural South Africa, suggesting a need for interventions in late primary school that encourage gender-equitable norms, healthy relationships, and safe ways to earn income during adolescence.
Some properties of convection in hybrid stars
Creators: name: Yudin, A. V.
name: Hempel, M.
name: Nadyozhin, D. K.
name: Razinkova, T. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the unusual thermodynamic properties of matter within the region of two-phase coexistence in hybrid stars result in a change of the standard condition for beginning of convection. In particular, the thermal flux transported by convection may be directed towards the stellar center. We discuss favorable circumstances leading to such an effect of "inverse convection" and its possible influence on the thermal evolution of hybrid stars.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures. The discussion is extended according to referees suggestions. New references added. Accepted to MNRAS
rice whole transcriptome surveyed by high throughput sequencing technology
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Transcriptome analysis is an important approach to associate genotype with phenotype. The content and dynamics of eukaryotic transcriptome are far more complex than previously anticipated. Here we integrated high-throughput RNA-seq and paired-end method to conduct an unprecedentedly deep survey of transcription profile for cultivated rice, one of the oldest domesticated crops species and has since spread worldwide to become one of the major staple foods. Analysis of reads mapping revealed 4,244 previously uncharacterized transcripts, including a mass of protein-coding genes and putative functional non-coding RNA genes. Alignment of junction reads indicated over 42% of rice multiple-exon genes produce two or more distinct splicing isoforms. It’s intriguing that we identified 1,356 putative gene fusion events, indicating the 234 fusion gene produced by trans-splicing vastly increases the complexity of rice transcriptome, together with the pervasive alternative splicing events. Digital gene expression profiling revealed most rice duplicate genes were maintained by the selection constraint on gene dosages, which would increase the genetic robustness of rice to counteract deleterious mutationsOverall design: 3' SAGE tags of two rice tissues , booting panicle and callus , were sequenced.
Vanishing Higgs Potential in Minimal Dark Matter Models
Creators: name: Hamada, Yuta
name: Kawana, Kiyoharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Standard Model with a new particle which is charged under $SU(2)_{L}$ with the hypercharge being zero. Such a particle is known as one of the dark matter (DM) candidates. We examine the realization of the multiple point criticality principle (MPP) in this class of models. Namely, we investigate whether the one-loop effective Higgs potential $V_{\text{eff}}(ϕ)$ and its derivative $dV_{\text{eff}}(ϕ)/dϕ$ can become simultaneously zero at around the string/Planck scale, based on the one/two-loop renormalization group equations. As a result, we find that only the $SU(2)_L$ triplet extensions can realize the MPP. More concretely, in the case of the triplet Majorana fermion, the MPP is realized at the scale $ϕ={\cal{O}}(10^{16}\text{GeV})$ if the top mass $M_{t}$ is around $172$ GeV. On the other hand, for the real triplet scalar, the MPP can be satisfied for $10^{16}\text{ GeV}\lesssimϕ\lesssim10^{17}$GeV and $172\text{ GeV}\gtrsim M_{t}\gtrsim171$ GeV, depending on the coupling between the Higgs and DM.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures; some typos are corrected, footnotes are added, references are added, version to appear in PLB (v2)
Two-Step Electroweak Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Inoue, Satoru
name: Ovanesyan, Grigory
name: Ramsey-Musolf, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze electroweak baryogenesis during a two-step electroweak symmetry breaking transition, wherein the baryon asymmetry is generated during the first step and preserved during the second. Focusing on the dynamics of CP-violation required for asymmetry generation, we discuss general considerations for successful two-step baryogenesis. Using a concrete model realization, we illustrate in detail the viability of this scenario and the implications for present and future electric dipole moment (EDM) searches. We find that CP-violation associated with a partially excluded sector may yield the observed baryon asymmetry while evading present and future EDM constraints.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
Digital Quantum Simulation and Circuit Learning for the Generation of Coherent States
Creators: name: Liu, Ruilin
name: Romero, Sebastián V.
name: Oregi, Izaskun
name: Osaba, Eneko
name: Villar-Rodriguez, Esther
name: Ban, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent states, known as displaced vacuum states, play an important role in quantum information processing, quantum machine learning,and quantum optics. In this article, two ways to digitally prepare coherent states in quantum circuits are introduced. First, we construct the displacement operator by decomposing it into Pauli matrices via ladder operators, i.e., creation and annihilation operators. The high fidelity of the digitally generated coherent states is verified compared with the Poissonian distribution in Fock space. Secondly, by using Variational Quantum Algorithms, we choose different ansatzes to generate coherent states. The quantum resources -- such as numbers of quantum gates, layers and iterations -- are analyzed for quantum circuit learning. The simulation results show that quantum circuit learning can provide high fidelity on learning coherent states by choosing appropriate ansatzes.
Incident HIV among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Rosenberg, Nora E.
name: Freeborn, Kellie
name: Mollan, Katie R.
name: Walker, Jennifer S.
name: Kasaro, Margaret
name: Poole, Charles
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Graybill, Lauren A.
name: Vermund, Sten H.
name: Mutale, Wilbroad
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: OBJECTIVES: A previous meta-analysis reported high HIV incidence among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but limited evidence of elevated risk of HIV acquisition during pregnancy or breast-feeding when compared with nonpregnant periods. The rapidly evolving HIV prevention and treatment landscape since publication of this review may have important implications for maternal HIV incidence. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched four databases and abstracts from relevant conferences through 1 December 2018, for literature on maternal HIV incidence in SSA. We used random-effects meta-analysis to summarize incidence rates and ratios, and to estimate 95% prediction intervals. We evaluated potential sources of heterogeneity with random-effects meta-regression. RESULTS: Thirty-seven publications contributed 100 758 person-years of follow-up. The estimated average HIV incidence rate among pregnant and breast-feeding women was 3.6 per 100 person-years (95% prediction interval: 1.2--11.1), while the estimated average associations between pregnancy and risk of HIV acquisition, and breast-feeding and risk of HIV acquisition, were close to the null. Wide 95% prediction intervals around summary estimates highlighted the variability of HIV incidence across populations of pregnant and breast-feeding women in SSA. Average HIV incidence appeared associated with age, partner HIV status, and calendar time. Average incidence was highest among studies conducted pre-2010 (4.1/100 person-years, 95% prediction interval: 1.1--12.2) and lowest among studies conducted post-2014 (2.1/100 person-years, 95% prediction interval: 0.7--6.5). CONCLUSION: Substantial HIV incidence among pregnant and breast-feeding women in SSA, even in the current era of combination HIV prevention and treatment, underscores the need for prevention tailored to high-risk pregnant and breast-feeding women.
Adipocyte differentiation
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Objective: Potential regulators of adipogenesis include microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that have been recently shown related to adiposity and differentially expressed in fat depots. However, to date no study is available regarding the relationship of miRNAs expression profile, biological pathway and cellular phenotype during human adipogenesis. Thereby, the aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNA expression profile in human adipocytes is related to adipogenesis and to test whether miRNA profile in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated to human obesity and co-morbidities.Keywords: miRNA expressionOverall design: Three biological replicates of fat cells from both lean (BMI30.0Kg/m2) subjects during differentiation (days 0, 7 and 14) were performed.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Transmission among Persons with Acute HIV-1 Infection in Malawi: Demographic, Behavioral, and Phylogenetic Relationships
Creators: name: Phiri, Sam
name: Powers, Kimberly A.
name: Hoffman, Irving F.
name: Rucinski, Katherine B.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina C.
name: Kamanga, Gift
name: Dennis, Ann M.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Pettifor, Audrey E.
name: Pasquale, Dana K.
name: Rutstein, Sarah E.
name: Massa, Cecilia
name: Nsona, Dominic
name: Cohen, Myron S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Background: Understanding sexual networks involving acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infections (AHI) may lead to prevention opportunities to mitigate high rates of onward transmission. We evaluated HIV-1 phylogenetic and behavioral characteristics among persons with AHI and their referred partners. Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, 46 persons with AHI in Malawi participated in a combined behavioral and biomedical intervention. Participants referred sexual partners by passive referral. Demographics and sexual behaviors were collected through interviews and HIV-1 genetic relationships were assessed with phylogenetics. Results: Among 45 AHI participants with HIV-1 sequences, none was phylogenetically-linked with another AHI index. There were 19 (42%) AHI participants who referred a single partner that returned for testing. Most partners (n = 17) were HIV-infected, with 15 (88%) presenting with an established infection. There were 14 index-partner pairs that had sequences available; 13 (93%) pairs were phylogenetically-linked dyads. The AHI index was female in 7/13 (54%) dyads. Age-disparate relationships among dyads were common (≥5-year age difference in 67% of dyads), including 3/6 dyads involving a male index and a younger woman. Index participants with a referred partner were more likely to report no casual partners and to be living with their current partner than participants not in dyads. Conclusions: Passive-partner referral successfully identified partners with genetically-similar HIV infections - the likely source of infection - but only 40% of index cases referred partners who presented for HIV-1 testing. Future work evaluating assisted partner notification may help reach susceptible partners or more people with untreated HIV-1 infections connected to acute transmission. Clinical Trials Registration: NCT01450189.
Detecting band inversions by measuring the environment: fingerprints of electronic band topology in bulk phonon linewidths
Creators: name: Saha, Kush
name: Légaré, Katherine
name: Garate, Ion
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between topological phases of matter and dissipative baths constitutes an emergent research topic with links to condensed matter, photonic crystals, cold atomic gases and quantum information. While recent studies suggest that dissipative baths can induce topological phases in intrinsically trivial quantum materials, the backaction of topological invariants on dissipative baths is overlooked. By exploring this backaction for a centrosymmetric Dirac insulator coupled to phonons, we show that the linewidths of bulk optical phonons can contain generic features that reveal the topology of the electronic structure. This result is the first known example where topological phases of an open quantum system may be detected by measuring the bulk properties of the surrounding environment.
description: 4 pages+appendices, 4 Figures
Tackling the Saturation of Oxygen: The Use of Phosphorus and Sulphur as Proxies Within the Neutral Interstellar Medium of Star-Forming Galaxies
Creators: name: James, Bethan L.
name: Aloisi, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of oxygen in galaxies is widely used in furthering our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. Unfortunately, direct measurements of O/H in the neutral gas are extremely difficult to obtain, as the only OI line available within the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV wavelength range (1150-3200 A) is often saturated. As such, proxies for oxygen are needed to indirectly derive O/H via the assumption that solar ratios based on local Milky Way sight lines hold in different environments. In this paper we assess the validity of using two such proxies, PII and SII, within more typical star-forming environments. Using HST-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) far-UV (FUV) spectra of a sample of nearby star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and the oxygen abundances in their ionized gas, we demonstrate that both P and S are mildly depleted with respect to O and follow a trend, log(PII/SII)= -1.73+/-0.18, in excellent agreement with the solar ratio of log(P/S)_sol=-1.71+/-0.04 over the large range of metallicities (0.03-3.2 Z_sol) and H I column densities (log[N(H I)/cm^-2] =18.44-21.28) spanned by the sample. From literature data we show evidence that both elements individually trace oxygen according to their respective solar ratios across a wide range of environments. Our findings demonstrate that the solar ratios of log(P/O)_sol=-3.28+/-0.06 and log(S/O)_sol=-1.57+/-0.06 can both be used to derive reliable O/H abundances in the neutral gas of local and high-redshift SFGs. The difference between O/H in the ionized- and neutral-gas phases is studied with respect to metallicity and H I content. The observed trends are consistent with galactic outflows and/or star formation inefficiency affecting the most metal-poor galaxies, with the possibility of primordial gas accretion at all metallicities.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, published by ApJ
miRNA expression profile of human subcutaneous adipose
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2010
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: Objective: Potential regulators of adipogenesis include microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs that have been recently shown related to adiposity and differentially expressed in fat depots. However, to date no study is available regarding the relationship of miRNAs expression profile, biological pathway and cellular phenotype during human adipogenesis. Thereby, the aim of this study was to investigate whether miRNA expression profile in human adipocytes is related to adipogenesis and to test whether miRNA profile in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated to human obesity and co-morbidities.Keywords: miRNA expressionOverall design: subcutaneous fat samples from non-obese (n=6) and obese with (n=9) and without (n=13) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM-2) women.
Transcriptome of the Nxnl2-/- mouse retina
Creators: name: BGI
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2011
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate

description: A nxnl2 knockout mouse model was created and the transcriptome used to demonstrate that the retina is compromised by the absence of nxnl2.For the mouse lacking Nxnl2, the gene encoding RdCVF2, the progressive decline of the visual performance of the cones in parallel with their degeneration arises due to loss of trophic support from RdCVF2Keywords: genetic modification, transcription-profile, retinaOverall design: In total 6 samples were analyzed, they represent the genotypes wt/wt and ko/ko that were tested in triplicate each.