cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biosignatures of the Earth I. Airborne spectropolarimetric detection of photosynthetic life
Creators: name: Patty, C. H. Lucas
name: Kühn, Jonas G.
name: Lambrev, Petar H.
name: Spadaccia, Stefano
name: Hoeijmakers, H. Jens
name: Keller, Christoph
name: Mulder, Willeke
name: Pallichadath, Vidhya
name: Poch, Olivier
name: Snik, Frans
name: Stam, Daphne M.
name: Pommerol, Antoine
name: Demory, Brice O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Context. Homochirality is a generic and unique property of life on Earth and is considered a universal and agnostic biosignature. Homochirality induces fractional circular polarization in the incident light that it reflects. Because this circularly polarized light can be sensed remotely, it can be one of the most compelling candidate biosignatures in life detection missions. While there are also other sources of circular polarization, these result in spectrally flat signals with lower magnitude. Additionally, circular polarization can be a valuable tool in Earth remote sensing because the circular polarization signal directly relates to vegetation physiology. Aims. While high-quality circular polarization measurements can be obtained in the laboratory and under semi-static conditions in the field, there has been a significant gap to more realistic remote sensing conditions. Methods. In this study, we present sensitive circular spectropolarimetric measurements of various landscape elements taken from a fast-moving helicopter. Results. We demonstrate that during flight, within mere seconds of measurements, we can differentiate (S/N>5) between grass fields, forests, and abiotic urban areas. Importantly, we show that with only nonzero circular polarization as a discriminant, photosynthetic organisms can even be measured in lakes. Conclusions. Circular spectropolarimetry can be a powerful technique to detect life beyond Earth, and we emphasize the potential of utilizing circular spectropolarimetry as a remote sensing tool to characterize and monitor in detail the vegetation physiology and terrain features of Earth itself.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Radiation Hardness Study of the ePix100 Sensor and ASIC under Direct Illumination at the European XFEL
Creators: name: Klačková, I.
name: Ahmed, K.
name: Blaj, G.
name: Cascella, M.
name: Cerantola, V.
name: Chang, C.
name: Dragone, A.
name: Göde, S.
name: Hauf, S.
name: Kenney, C.
name: Segal, J.
name: Kuster, M.
name: Šagátová, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ePix detector family provides multiple variants of hybrid pixel detectors to support a wide range of applications at free electron laser facilities. We present the results of a systematic study of the influence of radiation induced damage on the performance and lifetime of an ePix100a detector module using a direct attenuated beam of the EuXFEL at 9 keV photon energy and an average power of 10 $μ$W. An area of 20 x 20 pixels was irradiated with an average photon flux of approx. 7 x $10^{9}$ photons/s to a dose of approximately 760$\pm$65 kGy at the location of the Si/SiO$_2$ interfaces in the sensor. A dose dependent increase in both offset and noise of the ePix100a detector have been observed originating from an increase of the sensor leakage current. Moreover, we observed an effect directly after irradiation resulting in the saturation of individual pixels by their dark current. Changes in gain are evaluated one and half hours post irradiation and suggest damage to occur also on the ASIC level. Based on the obtained results, thresholds for beam parameters are deduced and the detector lifetime is estimated with respect to the requirements to the data quality in order to satisfy the scientific standards defined by the experiments. We conclude the detector can withstand a beam with an energy up to 1 $μ$J at a photon energy of 9 keV impacting on an area of 1 mm$^2$. The detector can be used without significant degradation of its performance for several years if the incident photon beam intensities do not exceed the detector's dynamic range by at least three orders of magnitude. Our results provide valuable input for the operation of the ePix100a detector at FEL facilities and for the design of future detector technology.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication by the Journal of Instrumentation
Additional file 1 of Assessing the extent of land-use change around important bat-inhabited caves
Creators: name: Pretorius, Mariëtte
name: Markotter, Wanda
name: Keith, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Names and aliases (in parentheses) of Miniopterus natalensis and Rousettus aegyptiacus roosts acquired from a meta-analysis of websites and scientific literature. The table also shows the roost importance, province where caves occur, the coordinates of the site (Lat, Lon) and the website and associated scientific references. Roost (R) shows R. aegyptiacus roost sites, whereas maternity and hibernacula relates to M. natalensis only.
RAI-Net: Range-Adaptive LiDAR Point Cloud Frame Interpolation Network
Creators: name: Zhao, Lili
name: Zhu, Zezhi
name: Lin, Xuhu
name: Guo, Xuezhou
name: Yin, Qian
name: Wang, Wenyi
name: Chen, Jianwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: LiDAR point cloud frame interpolation, which synthesizes the intermediate frame between the captured frames, has emerged as an important issue for many applications. Especially for reducing the amounts of point cloud transmission, it is by predicting the intermediate frame based on the reference frames to upsample data to high frame rate ones. However, due to high-dimensional and sparse characteristics of point clouds, it is more difficult to predict the intermediate frame for LiDAR point clouds than videos. In this paper, we propose a novel LiDAR point cloud frame interpolation method, which exploits range images (RIs) as an intermediate representation with CNNs to conduct the frame interpolation process. Considering the inherited characteristics of RIs differ from that of color images, we introduce spatially adaptive convolutions to extract range features adaptively, while a high-efficient flow estimation method is presented to generate optical flows. The proposed model then warps the input frames and range features, based on the optical flows to synthesize the interpolated frame. Extensive experiments on the KITTI dataset have clearly demonstrated that our method consistently achieves superior frame interpolation results with better perceptual quality to that of using state-of-the-art video frame interpolation methods. The proposed method could be integrated into any LiDAR point cloud compression systems for inter prediction.
description: Accepted by the IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting 2021
A hybrid approach to Fermi operator expansion
Creators: name: Ceriotti, Michele
name: Kühne, Thomas D.
name: Parrinello, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper we have suggested that the finite temperature density matrix can be computed efficiently by a combination of polynomial expansion and iterative inversion techniques. We present here significant improvements over this scheme. The original complex-valued formalism is turned into a purely real one. In addition, we use Chebyshev polynomials expansion and fast summation techniques. This drastically reduces the scaling of the algorithm with the width of the Hamiltonian spectrum, which is now of the order of the cubic root of such parameter. This makes our method very competitive for applications to ab-initio simulations, when high energy resolution is required.
description: preprint of ICCMSE08 proceedings
Stellar and Dust Properties of Local Elliptical Galaxies: Clues to the Onset of Nuclear Activity
Creators: name: Zhang, Yu
name: Gu, Qiusheng
name: Ho, Luis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stellar and dust properties of a well-defined sample of local elliptical galaxies to investigate the relationship between host galaxy properties and nuclear activity. We select a complete sample of 45 ellipticals from the Palomar spectroscopic survey of nearby galaxies, which includes 20 low-luminosity active galactic nuclei classified as LINERs and 25 inactive galaxies. Using a stellar population synthesis method, we compare the derived stellar population properties of the LINER versus the inactive subsamples. We also study the dust and stellar surface brightness distributions of the central regions of these galaxies using high-resolution images obtained with the {\it Hubble Space Telescope}. Relative to the inactive subsample, ellipticals hosting LINERs share similar total optical and near-infrared luminosity, central stellar velocity dispersions, and nuclear stellar populations as judged from their luminosity-weighted ages and metallicities. LINERs, on the other hand, have a larger fraction of core-type central surface brightness profiles and a much higher frequency of circumnuclear dust structures. Our results support the suggestion that LINERs are powered by low-luminosity AGNs rather than by young or intermediate-age stars. Nuclear activity in nearby elliptical galaxies seems to occur preferentially in those systems where sufficient cold interstellar material has managed to accumulate, perhaps via cooling condensations from hot gas.
description: 8 pages, accepted by A&A
The ρρinteraction in the hidden gauge formalism and the f_0(1370) and f_2(1270) resonances
Creators: name: Molina, R.
name: Nicmorus, D.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the interaction of vectors mesons within the hidden gauge formalism and applied it to the particular case of the $ρρ$ interaction. We find a strong attraction in the isospin, spin channels I,S=0,0 and 0,2, which is enough to bind the $ρρ$ system. We also find that the attraction in the I,S=0,2 channel is much stronger than in the 0,0 case. The states develop a width when the $ρ$ mass distribution is considered, and particularly when the $ππ$ decay channel is turned on. Using a regularization scheme with cut offs of natural size, we obtain results in fair agreement with the mass and the width of the $f_0(1370)$ and $f_2(1270)$ meson states, providing a natural explanation of why the tensor state is more bound than the scalar and offering a new picture for these states, which would be dynamically generated from the $ρρ$ interaction or, in simpler words, $ρρ$ molecular states.
description: Version accepted for publication
Children’s beliefs about free-fall motion
Creators: name: Kuhn, Kenneth C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Students' beliefs about free-fall motion were explored using structured interviews. The sample of 24 students was composed of 6 students (3 boys, 3 girls) selected from grades 6, 8, 10 and 11 respectively. Three sets of tasks involving one actual experiment and a number of simulated thought problems were used to investigate (a) the student's beliefs about the motion of a single object, (b) the relevance of the variables of height difference, initial velocity difference, frame of reference difference and weight difference for two objects and (c) the combined action of these factors when more than one was present. It was found that the interview methodology and tasks used were effective for collecting the data required in an exploratory study of this type. It was possible to categorize the mode of action of each variable in terms of: (a) not operating, (b) as operating in a short impulse only, (c) as operating but slowly dissipating, or (d) as operating with a continuous action. Examples of most response categories occurred at all levels but a number of possible developmental trends by grade were evident. Also there was a possible indication of the resistance of certain intuitive beliefs to standard kinematics instruction for the grade 11 physics group. The results of this study could be useful to the classroom teacher as well as to the designer of a science curriculum. It suggests that students are able to explore some problems of motion beginning at the grade 6 level; that they should be allowed to explore the relevance of related variables; and that they should be encouraged to express and explore their own beliefs which they bring to the classroom about motion.
Direct photon-charged hadron azimuthal correlations
Creators: name: Hamed, Ahmed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Azimuthal correlations of direct photons at high transverse energy (8 $
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Kinetic Theory for Electron Dynamics Near a Positive Ion
Creators: name: Wrighton, Jeffrey M.
name: Dufty, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical description of time correlation functions for electron properties in the presence of a positive ion of charge number Z is given. The simplest case of an electron gas distorted by a single ion is considered. A semi-classical representation with a regularized electron - ion potential is used to obtain a linear kinetic theory that is asymptotically exact at short times. This Markovian approximation includes all initial (equilibrium) electron - electron and electron - ion correlations through renormalized pair potentials. The kinetic theory is solved in terms of single particle trajectories of the electron - ion potential and a dielectric function for the inhomogeneous electron gas. The results are illustrated by a calculation of the autocorrelation function for the electron field at the ion. The dependence on charge number Z is shown to be dominated by the bound states of the effective electron - ion potential. On this basis, a very simple practical representation of the trajectories is proposed and shown to be accurate over a wide range including strong electron - ion coupling. This simple representation is then used for a brief analysis of the dielectric function for the inhomogeneous electron gas.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
On the detection-to-track association for online multi-object tracking
Creators: name: Lin, Xufeng
name: Li, Chang-Tsun
name: Sanchez, Victor
name: Maple, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Driven by recent advances in object detection with deep neural networks, the tracking-by-detection paradigm has gained increasing prevalence in the research community of multi-object tracking (MOT). It has long been known that appearance information plays an essential role in the detection-to-track association, which lies at the core of the tracking-by-detection paradigm. While most existing works consider the appearance distances between the detections and the tracks, they ignore the statistical information implied by the historical appearance distance records in the tracks, which can be particularly useful when a detection has similar distances with two or more tracks. In this work, we propose a hybrid track association (HTA) algorithm that models the historical appearance distances of a track with an incremental Gaussian mixture model (IGMM) and incorporates the derived statistical information into the calculation of the detection-to-track association cost. Experimental results on three MOT benchmarks confirm that HTA effectively improves the target identification performance with a small compromise to the tracking speed. Additionally, compared to many state-of-the-art trackers, the DeepSORT tracker equipped with HTA achieves better or comparable performance in terms of the balance of tracking quality and speed.
Measurements of ttbar Differential Cross Section at the ATLAS Experiment in pp Collisions at sqrt(s)=7TeV and sqrt(s)=8TeV
Creators: name: Franchini, Matteo <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: FIS/04 Fisica nucleare e subnucleare

description: This PhD thesis presents two measurements of differential production cross section of top and anti-top pairs tt ̅ decaying in a lepton+jets final state. The normalize cross section is measured as a function of the top transverse momentum and the tt ̅ mass, transverse momentum and rapidity using the full 2011 proton-proton (pp) ATLAS data taking at a center of mass energy of √s=7 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of L=4.6 〖fb〗^(-1). The cross section is also measured at the particle level as a function of the hadronic top transverse momentum for highly energetic events using the full 2012 data taking at √s=8 TeV and with L=20 〖fb〗^(-1). The measured spectra are fully corrected for detector efficiency and resolution effects and are compared to several theoretical predictions showing a quite good agreement, depending on different spectra.
Additional file 1 of Developmental endothelial locus-1 as a potential biomarker for the incidence of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Joo, Dong-Hyun
name: Lee, Kyoung-Hee
name: Lee, Chang-Hoon
name: Woo, Jisu
name: Kim, Jiyeon
name: Park, Seoung Ju
name: Rhee, Chin Kook
name: Lee, Won-Yeon
name: Park, Dongil
name: Lee, Jae Seung
name: Jung, Ki-Suck
name: Yoo, Kwang Ha
name: Yoo, Chul-Gyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supporting information on methods.
Analysis of Two Component Systems in Group B Streptococcus Shows that RgfAC and the Novel FspSR Modulate Virulence and Bacterial Fitness
Creators: name: Faralla, Cristina <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: BIO/11 Biologia molecolare

description: Group B Streptococcus (GBS), in its transition from commensal to pathogen, will encounter diverse host environments and thus require coordinately controlling its transcriptional responses to these changes. This work was aimed at better understanding the role of two component signal transduction systems (TCS) in GBS pathophysiology through a systematic screening procedure. We first performed a complete inventory and sensory mechanism classification of all putative GBS TCS by genomic analysis. Five TCS were further investigated by the generation of knock-out strains, and in vitro transcriptome analysis identified genes regulated by these systems, ranging from 0.1-3% of the genome. Interestingly, two sugar phosphotransferase systems appeared differently regulated in the knock-out mutant of TCS-16, suggesting an involvement in monitoring carbon source availability. High throughput analysis of bacterial growth on different carbon sources showed that TCS-16 was necessary for growth of GBS on fructose-6-phosphate. Additional transcriptional analysis provided further evidence for a stimulus-response circuit where extracellular fructose-6-phosphate leads to autoinduction of TCS-16 with concomitant dramatic up-regulation of the adjacent operon encoding a phosphotransferase system. The TCS-16-deficient strain exhibited decreased persistence in a model of vaginal colonization and impaired growth/survival in the presence of vaginal mucoid components. All mutant strains were also characterized in a murine model of systemic infection, and inactivation of TCS-17 (also known as RgfAC) resulted in hypervirulence. Our data suggest a role for the previously unknown TCS-16, here named FspSR, in bacterial fitness and carbon metabolism during host colonization, and also provide experimental evidence for TCS-17/RgfAC involvement in virulence.
Remote hole-doping of Mott insulators on the nanometer scale
Creators: name: Takizawa, M.
name: Hotta, Y.
name: Susaki, T.
name: Ishida, Y.
name: Wadati, H.
name: Takata, Y.
name: Horiba, K.
name: Matsunami, M.
name: Shin, S.
name: Yabashi, M.
name: Tamasaku, K.
name: Nishino, N.
name: Ishikawa, T.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Hwang, H. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At interfaces between polar and nonpolar perovskite oxides, an unusual electron-doping has been previously observed, due to electronic reconstructions. We report on remote hole-doping at an interface composed of only polar layers, revealed by high-resolution hard x-ray core-level photoemission spectroscopy. In LaAlO3/LaVO3/LaAlO3 trilayers, the vanadium valence systematically evolves from the bulk value of V3+ to higher oxidation states with decreasing LaAlO3 cap layer thickness. These results provide a synthetic approach to hole-doping transition metal oxide heterointerfaces without invoking a polar discontinuity.
DEVELEOPMENT OF LISTENING COMPREHENSION COMPETENCE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL  PUPILS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE  BASED  ON ANIMATION  APPROACH
Creators: name: Kurbonova, Mekhrangiz
name: Ismatova, Shohzoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article is about issues related to the process of teaching English oral speech to elementary school students, and its subject is "oral speech skills", they start high school Inner classes form the methodological basis of the formation system in English language education. English language especially for students from primary school to increase interest in learning, one of the most important elements in learning a foreign language is the formation of vocabulary and strengthening of learned words by combining learned words and forming simple sentences, using visual aids, memorizing words belonging to the same group, colors, days of the week, months, seasons and similar words in the form of poetry leaves a deep impression on the child's mind.
Noether charges: the link between empirical significance of symmetries and non-separability
Creators: name: Gomes, Henrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental tenet of gauge theory is that physical quantities should be gauge-invariant. This prompts the question: can gauge symmetries have physical significance? On one hand, the Noether theorems relate conserved charges to symmetries, endowing the latter with physical significance, though this significance is sometimes taken as indirect. But for theories in spatially finite and bounded regions, the standard Noether charges are not gauge-invariant. I here argue that gauge-\emph{variance} of charges is tied to the nature of the non-locality within gauge theories. I will flesh out these links by providing a chain of (local) implications: `local conservation laws'${\Rightarrow}$ `conserved regional charges' $\Leftrightarrow$ `non-separability' ${\Leftrightarrow}$ `direct empirical significance of symmetries'.
description: 25 pages
Modelling Electron Spin Accumulation in a Metallic Nanoparticle
Creators: name: Wei, Y. G.
name: Malec, C. E.
name: Davidović, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model describing spin-polarized current via discrete energy levels of a metallic nanoparticle, which has strongly asymmetric tunnel contacts to two ferromagnetic leads, is presented. In absence of spin-relaxation, the model leads to a spin-accumulation in the nanoparticle, a difference ($Δμ$) between the chemical potentials of spin-up and spin-down electrons, proportional to the current and the Julliere's tunnel magnetoresistance. Taking into account an energy dependent spin-relaxation rate $Ω(ω)$, $Δμ$ as a function of bias voltage ($V$) exhibits a crossover from linear to a much weaker dependence, when $|e|Ω(Δμ)$ equals the spin-polarized current through the nanoparticle. Assuming that the spin-relaxation takes place via electron-phonon emission and Elliot-Yafet mechanism, the model leads to a crossover from linear to $V^{1/5}$ dependence. The crossover explains recent measurements of the saturation of the spin-polarized current with $V$ in Aluminum nanoparticles, and leads to the spin-relaxation rate of $\approx 1.6 MHz$ in an Aluminum nanoparticle of diameter $6nm$, for a transition with an energy difference of one level spacing.
description: 37 pages, 7 figures
Muon number rescaling in simulations of air showers
Creators: name: Góra, Dariusz
name: Borodai, Nataliia
name: Engel, Ralph
name: Pierog, Tanguy
name: Pękala, Jan
name: Roth, Markus
name: Stasielak, Jaroslaw
name: Unger, Michael
name: Veberic, Darko
name: Wilczyński, Henryk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of muons in extensive air showers predicted using LHC-tuned hadronic interaction models, such as EPOS-LHC and QGSJetII-04, is smaller than observed in showers recorded by leading cosmic ray experiments. In this paper, we present a new method to derive muon rescaling factors by analyzing reconstructions of simulated showers. The z-variable used (difference of initially simulated and reconstructed total signal in detectors) is connected to the muon signal and is roughly independent of the zenith angle but depends on the mass of primary cosmic ray. The performance of the method is tested using Monte Carlo shower simulations for the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Having an individual z-value from each simulated hybrid event, the corresponding signal at 1000 m from the shower axis, and using a parametrization of the muon fraction in simulated showers, we can calculate the multiplicative rescaling parameters of the muon signals in the ground detector even for an individual event. We can also study its dependence as a function of zenith angle and the mass of primary cosmic ray. This gives a possibility not only to test/calibrate the hadronic interaction models, but also to derive the $β$-exponent, describing an increase of the number of muons as a function of primary energy and mass of the cosmic ray. Detailed simulations show dependence of the $β$-exponent on hadronic interaction properties, thus the determination of this parameter is important for understanding the muon deficit problem.
description: Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021), July 12th -- 23rd, 2021
Heat conduction and Fourier's law by consecutive local mixing and thermalization
Creators: name: Gaspard, Pierre
name: Gilbert, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles study of heat conduction in a class of models which exhibit a new multi-step local thermalization mechanism which gives rise to Fourier's law. Local thermalization in our models occurs as the result of binary collisions among locally confined gas particles. We explore the conditions under which relaxation to local equilibrium, which involves no energy exchange, takes place on time scales shorter than that of the binary collisions which induce local thermalization. The role of this mechanism in multi-phase material systems such as aerogels is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 color figures, to appear in Physical Review Letters
Evidence for Fermi surface reconstruction in the static stripe phase of La$_{1.8-x}$Eu$_{0.2}$Sr$_x$CuO$_{4}$, $x=1/8$
Creators: name: Zabolotnyy, V. B.
name: Kordyuk, A. A.
name: Inosov, D. S.
name: Evtushinsky, D. V.
name: Schuster, R.
name: Buechner, B.
name: Wizent, N.
name: Behr, G.
name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Takagi, H.
name: Follath, R.
name: Borisenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a photoemission study of La$_{0.8-x}$Eu$_{0.2}$Sr$_x$CuO$_{4}$ with doping level $x$=1/8, where the charge carriers are expected to order forming static stripes. Though the local probes in direct space seem to be consistent with this idea, there has been little evidence found for such ordering in quasiparticle dispersions. We show that the Fermi surface topology of the 1/8 compound develops notable deviations from that observed for La$_{2- x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_{4}$ in a way consistent with the FS reconstruction expected for the scattering on the antiphase stripe order.
Structure and Magnetic Order in the NdFeAs(O,F) Superconductor System
Creators: name: Qiu, Y.
name: Bao, Wei
name: Huang, Q.
name: Yildirim, T.
name: Simmons, J.
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Gasparovic, Y. C.
name: Li, J.
name: Green, M.
name: Wu, T.
name: Wu, G.
name: Chen, X. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transition temperature Tc~26 K of the recently discovered superconductor LaFeAs(O,F) has been demonstrated to be extremely sensitive to the lanthanide ion, reaching 55 K for the Sm containing oxypnictides. Therefore, it is important to determine how the moment on the lanthanide affects the overall magnetism in these systems. Here we report a neutron diffraction study of the Nd oxypnictides. Long ranged antiferromagnetic order is apparent in NdFeAsO below 1.96 K. Rietveld refinement shows that both Fe and Nd magnetic ordering are required to describe the observed data with the staggered moment 1.55(4) Bohr magneton per Nd and 0.9(1) Bohr magneton per Fe at 0.3 K. The other structural properties such as the tetragonal-orthorhombic distortion are found to be very similar to those in LaFeAsO. Neither the magnetic ordering nor the structural distortion occur in the superconducting sample NdFeAsO0.80F0.20 at any temperatures down to 1.5 K.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Identical to v3, correct HTML front matter; Scientific data and conclusions the same as in v2
Symmetric Points in the Landscape as Cosmological Attractors
Creators: name: Dine, M.
name: Festuccia, G.
name: Morisse, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the landscape, if there is to be any prospect of scientific prediction, it is crucial that there be states which are distinguished in some way. The obvious candidates are states which exhibit symmetries. Here we focus on states which exhibit discrete symmetries. Such states are rare, but one can speculate that they are cosmological attractors. We investigate the problem in model landscapes and cosmologies which capture some of the features of candidate flux landscapes. In non-supersymmetric theories we find no evidence that such states might be cosmologically favored. In supersymmetric theories, simple arguments suggest that states which exhibit $R$ symmetries might be. Our considerations lead us to raise questions about some popular models of eternal inflation.
description: 27 pages, latex, minor typo corrected
Historical perspective : an analysis and application in education
Creators: name: Fourdraine, Leonard Conrad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Scholars interested in historical perspective (perhaps using different terminology) stress its importance for various reasons. Only Erik Erikson, however, has systematically described historical perspective and its development in the individual. The thesis begins with a review of the literature, continues with a definition of historical perspective and an explanation of its considerable importance both historically and vis a vis the developmental theories of Erik Erikson and Jean Piaget. The education system arguably offers the best locus and means for developing young people's historical perspective. High school history presents a particularly suitable vehicle. Here, the methods of conceptual analysis and of justification may link up to the development of historical perspective. A survey of the literature and an exploration of the educational application of these activities, particularly in high school history courses, conclude the discussion.
title: Abstracts Collection -- 25th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science
Creators: name: Albers, Susanne
name: Weil, Pascal
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Symposium
subject: theoretical computer science
subject: algorithms and data structures
subject: automata and formal languages
subject: computational and structural complexity
subject: logic in computer science
subject: applications

description: The Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science (STACS) is held alternately
in France and in Germany. The conference of February 21-23, 2008, held in Bordeaux,
is the 25th in this series. Previous meetings took place in Paris (1984), Saarbr\"{u}cken (1985),
Orsay (1986), Passau (1987), Bordeaux (1988), Paderborn (1989), Rouen (1990), Hamburg
(1991), Cachan (1992), W\"{u}rzburg 1993), Caen (1994), M\"{u}nchen (1995), Grenoble (1996),
L\"{u}beck (1997), Paris (1998), Trier (1999), Lille (2000), Dresden (2001), Antibes (2002),
Berlin (2003), Montpellier (2004), Stuttgart (2005), Marseille (2006) and Aachen (2007).
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 1, 25th International Symposium on Theoretical Aspects of Computer Science, pages i-xxviii
Additional file 1 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table 5. Risk factors of any arm morbidities using Mann Whitney and chi-squared test.
Projection Method for Exact Diagonalization in the Strong Coupling Limit for Frustrated Models with Highly Degenerate Ground States
Creators: name: Matsuda, K.
name: Miyahara, S.
name: Furukawa, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we carry out a new technique named projection ED and indicate that it is applicable to the frustrated models, e.g., XXZ spin-1/2 Heisenberg and spinless fermion t-V models, in the strong coupling limit with highly degenerate ground states in a general way. As an example, we deal with a spinless fermion t-V model on a triangular lattice and show the usefulness of the method.
description: 2 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (JPSJ) Vol.77 No.8
Capacity-achieving CPM schemes
Creators: name: Perotti, Alberto
name: Tarable, Alberto
name: Benedetto, Sergio
name: Montorsi, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pragmatic approach to coded continuous-phase modulation (CPM) is proposed as a capacity-achieving low-complexity alternative to the serially-concatenated CPM (SC-CPM) coding scheme. In this paper, we first perform a selection of the best spectrally-efficient CPM modulations to be embedded into SC-CPM schemes. Then, we consider the pragmatic capacity (a.k.a. BICM capacity) of CPM modulations and optimize it through a careful design of the mapping between input bits and CPM waveforms. The so obtained schemes are cascaded with an outer serially-concatenated convolutional code to form a pragmatic coded-modulation system. The resulting schemes exhibit performance very close to the CPM capacity without requiring iterations between the outer decoder and the CPM demodulator. As a result, the receiver exhibits reduced complexity and increased flexibility due to the separation of the demodulation and decoding functions.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Non-Gaussianity from Baryon Asymmetry
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Nakayama, Kazunori
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a scenario that large non-Gaussianity arises from the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. There are baryogenesis scenarios containing a light scalar field, which may result in baryonic isocurvature perturbations with some amount of non-Gaussianity. As an explicit example we consider the Affleck-Dine mechanism and show that a flat direction of the supersymmeteric standard model can generate large non-Gaussianity in the curvature perturbations, satisfying the observational constraints on the baryonic isocurvature perturbations. The sign of a non-linearity parameter, f_{NL}, is negative, if the Affleck-Dine mechanism accounts for the observed baryon asymmetry; otherwise it can be either positive or negative.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures; minor correction, references added; version to appear in JCAP
Additional file 2 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table 6. Crosstab and OR divide by two age groups.
Typical AGN at intermediate redshifts
Creators: name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the host galaxies and black holes of typical X-ray selected AGN at intermediate redshifts (z~0.5-1.4). The AGN are selected such that their spectral energy distributions are dominated by stellar emission, i.e., they show a prominent 1.6micron bump thus minimizing the AGN emission contamination. This AGN population comprises approximately 50% of the X-ray selected AGN at these redshifts. AGN reside in the most massive galaxies at the redshifts probed here, with characteristic stellar masses that are intermediate between those of local type 2 AGN and high redshift (z~2) AGN. The inferred black hole masses of typical AGN are similar to those of optically identified quasars at similar redshifts. Since the AGN in our sample are much less luminous than quasars, typical AGN have low Eddington ratios. This suggests that, at least at intermediate redshifts, the cosmic AGN 'downsizing' is due to both a decrease in the characteristic stellar mass of the host galaxies, and less efficient accretion. Finally there is no strong evidence in AGN host galaxies for either highly suppressed star formation, expected if AGN played a role in quenching star formation, or elevated star formation when compared to mass selected galaxies of similar stellar masses and redshifts.
description: Conference proceedings of the meeting "Observational Evidence for Black Holes" held in Calcutta, Feb 2008. Paper will be published by AIP
A Dual-Attention Neural Network for Pun Location and Using Pun-Gloss Pairs for Interpretation
Creators: name: Liu, Shen
name: Ma, Meirong
name: Yuan, Hao
name: Zhu, Jianchao
name: Wu, Yuanbin
name: Lan, Man
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pun location is to identify the punning word (usually a word or a phrase that makes the text ambiguous) in a given short text, and pun interpretation is to find out two different meanings of the punning word. Most previous studies adopt limited word senses obtained by WSD(Word Sense Disambiguation) technique or pronunciation information in isolation to address pun location. For the task of pun interpretation, related work pays attention to various WSD algorithms. In this paper, a model called DANN (Dual-Attentive Neural Network) is proposed for pun location, effectively integrates word senses and pronunciation with context information to address two kinds of pun at the same time. Furthermore, we treat pun interpretation as a classification task and construct pungloss pairs as processing data to solve this task. Experiments on the two benchmark datasets show that our proposed methods achieve new state-of-the-art results. Our source code is available in the public code repository.
Missing Rung Problem in Vibrational Ladder Climbing
Creators: name: Horiba, Takahiro
name: Shirai, Soichi
name: Hirai, Hirotoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed vanishing of the transition dipole moment, interrupting vibrational ladder climbing (VLC) in molecular systems. We clarified the mechanism of this phenomenon and present a method to use an additional chirped pulse to preserve the VLC. To show the effectiveness of our method, we conducted wavepacket dynamics simulations for LiH dissociations with chirped pulses. The results indicate that the efficiency of LiH dissociation is significantly improved by our method compared to conventional methods. We also revealed the quantum interference effect behind the excitation process of VLC.
A de Finetti representation theorem for infinite dimensional quantum systems and applications to quantum cryptography
Creators: name: Renner, Renato
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the quantum de Finetti theorem, if the state of an N-partite system is invariant under permutations of the subsystems then it can be approximated by a state where almost all subsystems are identical copies of each other, provided N is sufficiently large compared to the dimension of the subsystems. The de Finetti theorem has various applications in physics and information theory, where it is for instance used to prove the security of quantum cryptographic schemes. Here, we extend de Finetti's theorem, showing that the approximation also holds for infinite dimensional systems, as long as the state satisfies certain experimentally verifiable conditions. This is relevant for applications such as quantum key distribution (QKD), where it is often hard - or even impossible - to bound the dimension of the information carriers (which may be corrupted by an adversary). In particular, our result can be applied to prove the security of QKD based on weak coherent states or Gaussian states against general attacks.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX
Additional file 3 of A comprehensive approach to risk factors for upper arm morbidities following breast cancer treatment: a prospective study
Creators: name: Klein, Ifat
name: Kalichman, Leonid
name: Chen, Noy
name: Susmallian, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table 7. Crosstab and OR divide by two BMI groups.
Parity Violation in a Single Domain of Spin-Triplet Sr2RuO4 Superconductors
Creators: name: Nobukane, H.
name: Inagaki, K.
name: Ichimura, K.
name: Yamaya, K.
name: Takayanagi, S.
name: Kawasaki, I.
name: Tenya, K.
name: Amitsuka, H.
name: Konno, K.
name: Asano, Y.
name: Tanda, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed an unconventional parity-violating vortex in single domain Sr2RuO4 single crystals using a transport measurement. The current-voltage characteristics of submicron Sr2RuO4 shows that the induced voltage has anomalous components which are even function of the bias current. The results may suggest that the vortex itself has a helical internal structure characterized by a Hopf invariant (a topological invariant). We also discuss that the hydrodynamics of such a helical vortex causes the parity violation to retain the topological invariant.
description: Accepted for publication in Solid State Communications
SPH modelling of companion-perturbed AGB outflows including a new morphology classification scheme
Creators: name: Maes, S.
name: Homan, W.
name: Malfait, J.
name: Siess, L.
name: Bolte, J.
name: De Ceuster, F.
name: Decin, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are known to lose a significant amount of mass by a stellar wind, which controls the remainder of their stellar lifetime. High angular-resolution observations show that the winds of these cool stars typically exhibit mid- to small-scale density perturbations such as spirals and arcs, believed to be caused by the gravitational interaction with a (sub-)stellar companion. We aim to explore the effects of the wind-companion interaction on the 3D density and velocity distribution of the wind, as a function of three key parameters: wind velocity, binary separation and companion mass. For the first time, we compare the impact on the outflow of a planetary companion to that of a stellar companion. We intend to devise a morphology classification scheme based on a singular parameter. With our grid of models we cover the prominent morphology changes in a companion-perturbed AGB outflow: slow winds with a close, massive binary companion show a more complex morphology. Additionally, we prove that massive planets are able to significantly impact the density structure of an AGB wind. We find that the interaction with a companion affects the terminal velocity of the wind, which can be explained by the gravitational slingshot mechanism. We distinguish between two types of wind focussing to the orbital plane resulting from distinct mechanisms: global flattening of the outflow as a result of the AGB star's orbital motion and the formation of an EDE as a consequence of the companion's gravitational pull. We investigate different morphology classification schemes and uncover that the ratio of the gravitational potential energy density of the companion to the kinetic energy density of the AGB outflow yields a robust classification parameter for the models presented in this paper.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures