Hypsiboas caingua
Creators: name: Kolenc, Francisco
name: Borteiro, Claudio
name: Alcalde, Leandro
name: Baldo, Diego
name: Cardozo, Dario
name: Faivovich, Julián
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Hylidae
Hypsiboas
Hypsiboas caingua

description: Hypsiboas caingua (Carrizo)   
Figs. 1C and 1D  
 External morphology.— Lot MLP DB 4258, Figs. 4C and 4D. Body slightly depressed (BMH/ BMW = 0.90 ± 0.04); body length little less than one third of total length (BL/TL = 0.32 ± 0.01); body ovoid in dorsal view; widest at posterior third of body. In lateral view, ventral contour of body flat or slightly concave in gular and branchial regions, convex in abdominal region. Dorsal contour of body convex. Snout acutely rounded in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view. Nostrils oval, with a subtriangular or rounded elevated projection in medial margin (Fig. 18B); nostrils dorsolaterally located (EN/ BWN = 0.68 ± 0.04), placed in a depression, closer to eyes than to the tip of snout (FN/ END = 1.38 ± 0.24), more visible in dorsal than in lateral view. Eyes large (E/ BWE = 0.27 ± 0.01), dorsally positioned (EO/ BWE = 0.91 ± 0.02), laterally oriented, external edge of corneas visible in ventral view. Spiracle single, lateral and sinistral; it projects a tube posterodorsally directed, with its internal wall free from body; its opening oval, with a diameter smaller than or equal to tube diameter, located in posterior third of body (RSD/ BL = 0.76 ± 0.05), visible in dorsal and lateral views. Lateral line system visible. Infraorbital line runs in a groove which is evident from anterior edge of nostrils to behind posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 19A). Intestinal assa located at centre of abdominal region. Vent tube starts at midline, at the posterior end of body, reaches margin of the lower fin and opens dextrally. Tail large (TaL/TL = 0.68 ± 0.01), with both fins higher than body height (MTH/ BMH = 1.10 ± 0.06). Dorsal fin originates at the end of body; its origin is abrupt in some specimens. Ventral fin origin concealed by vent tube. Tail axis straight, tail tapering markedly in last half; end acute; tail musculature reaching tail tip. Oral disc (Figs. 8B and 9A) anteroventral, small (OD/ BMW = 0.35 ± 0.05, disc measured folded) with a well marked infraangular constriction on each side. Marginal papillae simple, longer than wide, subconical, with rounded tip. Dorsal gap present, but small (DG/ OD = 0.20 ± 0.03). Row of marginal papillae single on both sides of the dorsal gap, double at angular regions and simple or double at posterior margin of oral disc; some infraangular submarginal papillae present. Upper jaw sheath widely arch-shaped. Lower jaw sheath with free margin V-shaped. Both jaw sheaths well developed, serrated but sparsely pigmented distally. Labial tooth row formula 2(1,2)/ 3(1) (six specimens), 2(1,2)/3 (two specimens), 2(1,2)/3(1,2) (one specimen) or 2(1,2)/0 (one specimen, posterior rows likely lost). Length of P3 about one third the length of other rows of labial teeth.   
 Coloration in life.— Body yellowish brown in dorsal view, with small dark blotches that coalesce forming a reticulation which is more noticeable laterally. A dark brown, triangular interocular spot, with the base directed backwards. Nostrils surrounded by a dark brown region. Lateral sides of body, head and proximal third of caudal musculature with golden, copper and silver spots and blotches. Gular region transparent. Branchial region with white spots. Abdominal surface white. Caudal musculature yellowish brown, with a black horizontal line between hypaxial and epaxial musculature, that runs for about one third of its length. Distal third of caudal epaxial musculature with dark blotches. Tail fins translucent, with rounded dark brown spots. Iris golden, with four dark zones at the edges of the eye, at the end of imaginary horizontal and vertical rays arising from the pupil.   
 Coloration in preservative.—Body dark brown with unpigmented regions. Small dark spots on dorsal and dorsolateral regions of body. Ventral region transparent. Caudal musculature with dark irregular bands in lateral and dorsal views. Fins opalescent with irregular dark blotches.   
 Variation.— Lot MLP DB 5052. LTRF 2 (1,2)/3(1) in all specimens. Submarginal papillae absent in two specimens (stages 27 and 34), present in the other two (stages 35 and 38). Some labial teeth between upper jaw sheath and A2 on one side of the oral disc in one individual (stage 34).   
 Oral cavity morphology.— (Fig. 11B and 13B).   
Buccal roof: There are 8 blunt pustules irregularly distributed on the prenarial arena. These pustules do not form a clear prenarial transversal crest, however there are 3–4 of them arranged in the same position that the crest of the previous species. Choanae transversely oriented, with anteromedial and rounded vacuities, posterior margins forming the narial valves, and both margins undulated by the presence of small prenarial pustules, in particular the anterior one. On the postnarial arena, there are 16 pustules and 6 short and blunt papillae. The low, rounded and wide median ridge presents 17 short undulations on its free margin. Each square-shaped lateral ridge papilla possess about 5–6 projections on the free margin, one of them very large. The BRA is not defined, because of the absence of papillae. There are approximately 180 pustules and a few short and conical papillae on the buccal floor; the pustules are mostly on the central region, but there are some in the lateral region forming a continuum with the former. Posterior area of the roof with secretory pits, and dorsal velum bearing lobated margins.  
Buccal floor: Infralabial papillae on infrarostral cartilages absent. There are two long and digitiform infralabial papillae placed at the level of cartilago meckeli (not figured). The lingual anlage bears 2 long and conical lingual papillae placed very close to each other. Buccal pockets mostly transversal to the axial axis. Prepocket area scattered with 42 pustules and 24 conical papillae, four of them long. There are 5 long and 7 short conical papillae, and about 160 pustules on the BFA. The papillae are arranged in two V-shaped patterns, one anterior and other posterior. The ventral velum has a weakly-marked median notch, three poorly-developed marginal projections at each side of the posterior margin and many secretory pits.
description: Published as part of Kolenc, Francisco, Borteiro, Claudio, Alcalde, Leandro, Baldo, Diego, Cardozo, Dario & Faivovich, Julián, 2008, Advertisement call and female sexual cycle in Uruguayan populations of Physalaemus henselii (Anura, Leiuperidae), pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 1927 (2) on pages 10-11