cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improving the efficiency of cascade detection by the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope
Creators: name: Aynutdinov, V. M.
name: Allakhverdyan, V. A.
name: Avrorin, A. D.
name: Avrorin, A. V.
name: Bardačová, Z.
name: Belolaptikov, I. A.
name: Bondarev, E. A.
name: Borina, I. V.
name: Budnev, N. M.
name: Chadymov, V. A.
name: Chepurnov, A. S.
name: Dik, V. Y.
name: Domogatsky, G. V.
name: Doroshenko, A. A.
name: Dvornický, R.
name: Dyachok, A. N.
name: Dzhilkibaev, Zh. -A. M.
name: Eckerová, E.
name: Elzhov, T. V.
name: Fajt, L.
name: Fomin, V. N.
name: Gafarov, A. R.
name: Golubkov, K. V.
name: Gorshkov, N. S.
name: Gress, T. I.
name: Kebkal, K. G.
name: Kharuk, I. V.
name: Khramov, E. V.
name: Kolbin, M. M.
name: Koligaev, S. O.
name: Konischev, K. V.
name: Korobchenko, A. V.
name: Koshechkin, A. P.
name: Kozhin, V. A.
name: Kruglov, M. V.
name: Kulepov, V. F.
name: Lemeshev, Y. E.
name: Milenin, M. B.
name: Mirgazov, R. R.
name: Naumov, D. V.
name: Nikolaev, A. S.
name: Petukhov, D. P.
name: Pliskovsky, E. N.
name: Rozanov, M. I.
name: Ryabov, E. V.
name: Safronov, G. B.
name: Seitova, D.
name: Shaybonov, B. A.
name: Shelepov, M. D.
name: Shilkin, S. D.
name: Shirokov, E. V.
name: Šimkovic, F.
name: Sirenko, A. E.
name: Skurikhin, A. V.
name: Solovjev, A. G.
name: Sorokovikov, M. N.
name: Štekl, I.
name: Stromakov, A. P.
name: Suvorova, O. V.
name: Tabolenko, V. A.
name: Ulzutuev, B. B.
name: Yablokova, Y. V.
name: Zaborov, D. N.
name: Zavyalov, S. I.
name: Zvezdov, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deployment of the Baikal-GVD deep underwater neutrino telescope is in progress now. About 3500 deep underwater photodetectors (optical modules) arranged into 12 clusters are operating in Lake Baikal. For increasing the efficiency of cascade-like neutrino event detection, the telescope deployment scheme was slightly changed. Namely, the inter-cluster distance was reduced for the newly deployed clusters and additional string of optical modules are added between the clusters. The first inter-cluster string was installed in 2022 and two such strings were installed in 2023. This paper presents a Monte Carlo estimate of the impact of these configuration changes on the cascade detection efficiency as well as technical implementation and results of in-situ tests of the inter-cluster strings.
description: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023)
Diffuse neutrino flux measurements with the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope
Creators: name: Aynutdinov, V. M.
name: Allakhverdyan, V. A.
name: Avrorin, A. D.
name: Avrorin, A. V.
name: Bardačová, Z.
name: Belolaptikov, I. A.
name: Bondarev, E. A.
name: Borina, I. V.
name: Budnev, N. M.
name: Chadymov, V. A.
name: Chepurnov, A. S.
name: Dik, V. Y.
name: Domogatsky, G. V.
name: Doroshenko, A. A.
name: Dvornický, R.
name: Dyachok, A. N.
name: Dzhilkibaev, Zh. -A. M.
name: Eckerová, E.
name: Elzhov, T. V.
name: Fajt, L.
name: Fomin, V. N.
name: Gafarov, A. R.
name: Golubkov, K. V.
name: Gorshkov, N. S.
name: Gress, T. I.
name: Kebkal, K. G.
name: Kharuk, I. V.
name: Khramov, E. V.
name: Kolbin, M. M.
name: Koligaev, S. O.
name: Konischev, K. V.
name: Korobchenko, A. V.
name: Koshechkin, A. P.
name: Kozhin, V. A.
name: Kruglov, M. V.
name: Kulepov, V. F.
name: Lemeshev, Y. E.
name: Milenin, M. B.
name: Mirgazov, R. R.
name: Naumov, D. V.
name: Nikolaev, A. S.
name: Petukhov, D. P.
name: Pliskovsky, E. N.
name: Rozanov, M. I.
name: Ryabov, E. V.
name: Safronov, G. B.
name: Seitova, D.
name: Shaybonov, B. A.
name: Shelepov, M. D.
name: Shilkin, S. D.
name: Shirokov, E. V.
name: Šimkovic, F.
name: Sirenko, A. E.
name: Skurikhin, A. V.
name: Solovjev, A. G.
name: Sorokovikov, M. N.
name: Štekl, I.
name: Stromakov, A. P.
name: Suvorova, O. V.
name: Tabolenko, V. A.
name: Ulzutuev, B. B.
name: Yablokova, Y. V.
name: Zaborov, D. N.
name: Zavyalov, S. I.
name: Zvezdov, D. Y.
name: Kosogorov, N. A.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
name: Lipunova, G. V.
name: Plavin, A. V.
name: Semikoz, D. V.
name: Troitsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Baikal-GVD is a next generation, kilometer-scale neutrino telescope currently under construction in Lake Baikal. GVD consists of multi-megaton subarrays (clusters) and is designed for the detection of astrophysical neutrino fluxes at energies from a few TeV up to 100 PeV. The large detector volume and modular design of Baikal-GVD allows for the measurements of the astrophysical diffuse neutrino flux to be performed already at early phases of the array construction. We present here recent results of the measurements on the diffuse cosmic neutrino flux obtained with the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope using cascade-like events.
description: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023)
Post-starburst galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: Two broad categories of evolutionary pathways
Creators: name: Cheng, Zhuo
name: Li, Cheng
name: Li, Niu
name: Yan, Renbin
name: Mo, Houjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the size-mass relation (SMR) and recent star formation history (SFH) of post-starburst (PSB) galaxies in the local Universe, using spatially resolved spectroscopy from the final data release of MaNGA. Our sample includes 489 PSB galaxies: 94 cPSB galaxies with central PSB regions, 85 rPSB galaxies with ring-like PSB regions and 310 iPSB galaxies with irregular PSB regions. When compared to control galaxies of similar SFR, redshift and mass, a similar SMR is found for all types of PSB samples except the cPSB galaxies which have smaller sizes at intermediate masses ($9.5\lesssim \log_{10}(\rm M_\ast/M_\odot)\lesssim 10.5$). The iPSB galaxies in the star-forming sequence (iPSB-SF) show no/weak gradients in $\textrm{D}_{n}(4000)$, $\textrm{EW}(\textrm{H}δ_{A})$ and $\textrm{EW}(\textrm{H}α)$, consistent with the global star-forming status of this type of galaxies, while the quiescent iPSB (iPSB-Q) sample shows negative gradients in $\textrm{D}_{n}(4000)$ and positive gradients in $\textrm{EW}(\textrm{H}δ_{A})$, indicating older stellar populations in the inner regions. Both cPSB and rPSB samples show positive gradients in $\textrm{D}_{n}(4000)$ and negative gradients in $\textrm{EW}(\textrm{H}δ_{A})$, indicating younger stellar populations in the inner regions. These results imply that the four types of PSB galaxies can be broadly divided into two distinct categories in terms of evolutionary pathway: (1) iPSB-SF and iPSB-Q which have SMRs and SFHs similar to control galaxies, preferring an inside-out quenching process, (2) rPSB and cPSB which appear to be different stages of the same event, likely to follow the outside-in quenching process driven by disruption events such as mergers that result in a more compact structure as quenching proceeds.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Dynamics of transcription-translation networks
Creators: name: Hudson, D.
name: Edwards, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92C42, 34A36, 92C40

description: A theory for qualitative models of gene regulatory networks has been developed over several decades, generally considering transcription factors to regulate directly the expression of other transcription factors, without any intermediate variables. Here we explore a class of models that explicitly includes both transcription and translation, keeping track of both mRNA and protein concentrations. We mainly deal with transcription regulation functions that are steep sigmoids or step functions, as is often done in protein-only models, though translation is governed by a linear term. We extend many aspects of the protein-only theory to this new context, including properties of fixed points, description of trajectories by mappings between switching points, qualitative analysis via a state-transition diagram, and a result on periodic orbits for negative feedback loops. We find that while singular behaviour in switching domains is largely avoided, non-uniqueness of solutions can still occur in the step-function limit.
description: 33 pages, 7 figures
High voltage testing for the MAJORANA Demonstrator
Creators: name: Abgrall, N.
name: Arnquist, I. J.
name: Avignone, F. T.
name: Barabash, A. S.
name: Bertrand, F. E.
name: Bradley, A. W.
name: Brudanin, V.
name: Busch, M.
name: Buuck, M.
name: Byram, D.
name: Caldwell, A. S.
name: Chan, Y-D.
name: Christofferson, C. D.
name: Chu, P. -H.
name: Cuesta, C.
name: Detwiler, J. A.
name: Doe, P. J.
name: Dunagan, C.
name: Efremenko, Yu.
name: Ejiri, H.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Fu, Z.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: Giovanetti, G. K.
name: Goett, J.
name: Green, M. P.
name: Gruszko, J.
name: Guinn, I. S.
name: Guiseppe, V. E.
name: Henning, R.
name: Hoppe, E. W.
name: Howard, S.
name: Howe, M. A.
name: Jasinski, B. R.
name: Keeter, K. J.
name: Kidd, M. F.
name: Konovalov, S. I.
name: Kouzes, R. T.
name: LaFerriere, B. D.
name: Leon, J.
name: Li, A.
name: MacMullin, J.
name: Martin, R. D.
name: Massarczyk, R.
name: Meijer, S. J.
name: Mertens, S.
name: Orrell, J. L.
name: O'Shaughnessy, C.
name: Poon, A. W. P.
name: Radford, D. C.
name: Rager, J.
name: Rielage, K.
name: Robertson, R. G. H.
name: Romero-Romero, E.
name: Shanks, B.
name: Shirchenko, M.
name: Snyder, N.
name: Suriano, A. M.
name: Tedeschi, D.
name: Thompson, A.
name: Ton, K. T.
name: Trimble, J. E.
name: Varner, R. L.
name: Vasilyev, S.
name: Vetter, K.
name: Vorren, K.
name: White, B. R.
name: Wilkerson, J. F.
name: Wiseman, C.
name: Xu, W.
name: Yakushev, E.
name: Yu, C. -H.
name: Yumatov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MAJORANA Collaboration is constructing the MAJORANA Demonstrator, an ultra-low background, 44-kg modular high-purity Ge (HPGe) detector array to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay in Ge-76. The phenomenon of surface micro-discharge induced by high-voltage has been studied in the context of the MAJORANA Demonstrator. This effect can damage the front-end electronics or mimic detector signals. To ensure the correct performance, every high-voltage cable and feedthrough must be capable of supplying HPGe detector operating voltages as high as 5 kV without exhibiting discharge. R&D measurements were carried out to understand the testing system and determine the optimum design configuration of the high-voltage path, including different improvements of the cable layout and feedthrough flange model selection. Every cable and feedthrough to be used at the MAJORANA Demonstrator was characterized and the micro-discharge effects during the MAJORANA Demonstrator commissioning phase were studied. A stable configuration has been achieved, and the cables and connectors can supply HPGe detector operating voltages without exhibiting discharge.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables, submitted to NIM A
NEOMOD: A New Orbital Distribution Model for Near Earth Objects
Creators: name: Nesvorny, David
name: Deienno, Rogerio
name: Bottke, William F.
name: Jedicke, Robert
name: Naidu, Shantanu
name: Chesley, Steven R.
name: Chodas, Paul W.
name: Granvik, Mikael
name: Vokrouhlicky, David
name: Broz, Miroslav
name: Morbidelli, Alessandro
name: Christensen, Eric
name: Bolin, Bryce T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near Earth Objects (NEOs) are a transient population of small bodies with orbits near or in the terrestrial planet region. They represent a mid-stage in the dynamical cycle of asteroids and comets, which starts with their removal from the respective source regions -- the main belt and trans-Neptunian scattered disk -- and ends as bodies impact planets, disintegrate near the Sun, or are ejected from the Solar System. Here we develop a new orbital model of NEOs by numerically integrating asteroid orbits from main belt sources and calibrating the results on observations of the Catalina Sky Survey. The results imply a size-dependent sampling of the main belt with the $ν_6$ and 3:1 resonances producing $\simeq 30$\% of NEOs with absolute magnitudes $H = 15$ and $\simeq 80$\% of NEOs with $H = 25$. Hence, the large and small NEOs have different orbital distributions. The inferred flux of $H<18$ bodies into the 3:1 resonance can be sustained only if the main-belt asteroids near the resonance drift toward the resonance at the maximal Yarkovsky rate ($\simeq 2 \times 10^{-4}$ au Myr$^{-1}$ for diameter $D=1$ km and semimajor axis $a=2.5$~au). This implies obliquities $θ\simeq 0^\circ$ for $a<2.5$~au and $θ\simeq 180^\circ$ for $a>2.5$~au, both in the immediate neighborhood of the resonance (the same applies to other resonances as well). We confirm the size-dependent disruption of asteroids near the Sun found in previous studies. An interested researcher can use the publicly available NEOMOD Simulator to generate user-defined samples of NEOs from our model.
description: AJ
MaaSDB: Spatial Databases in the Era of Large Language Models (Vision Paper)
Creators: name: Qi, Jianzhong
name: Li, Zuqing
name: Tanin, Egemen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly. Such models have demonstrated strong capabilities in learning from large-scale (unstructured) text data and answering user queries. Users do not need to be experts in structured query languages to interact with systems built upon such models. This provides great opportunities to reduce the barrier of information retrieval for the general public. By introducing LLMs into spatial data management, we envisage an LLM-based spatial database system to learn from both structured and unstructured spatial data. Such a system will offer seamless access to spatial knowledge for the users, thus benefiting individuals, business, and government policy makers alike.
description: Accepted to appear in ACM SIGSPATIAL 2023
Dynamics of squirmers in explicitly modeled polymeric fluids
Creators: name: Zöttl, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Biological microswimmers such as bacteria and sperm cells often encounter complex biological fluid environments. Here we use the well-known squirmer microswimmer model to show the importance of the local fluid microstructure and non-continuum effects on their swimming speed in different polymeric and filamentous fluids. Surprisingly, we find that different squirmer types move at considerably different speed in filamentous fluids which cannot be explained by existing continuum models, but by considering the local fluid and polymer properties around the squirmers. Furthermore, direct squirmer-polymer interactions slow down in particular pushers by trapping large stiff filaments in a self-generated recirculation region in front of them.
description: 13 pages (including SI), 5+3 figures. accepted for publication in EPL
Neutrino observables from predictive flavour patterns
Creators: name: Cebola, Luis M.
name: Emmanuel-Costa, David
name: Felipe, Ricardo Gonzalez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We look for predictive flavour patterns of the effective Majorana neutrino mass matrix that are compatible with current neutrino oscillation data. Our search is based on the assumption that the neutrino mass matrix contains equal elements and a minimal number of parameters, in the flavour basis where the charged lepton mass matrix is diagonal and real. Three unique patterns that can successfully explain neutrino observables at the $3σ$ confidence level with just three physical parameters are presented. Neutrino textures described by four and five parameters are also studied. The predictions for the lightest neutrino mass, the effective mass parameter in neutrinoless double beta decays and the CP-violating phases in the leptonic mixing are given.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, 13 tables; references and an appendix added
Hydrodynamical simulations of the galaxy population: enduring successes and outstanding challenges
Creators: name: Crain, Robert A.
name: van de Voort, Freeke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the progress in modelling the galaxy population in hydrodynamical simulations of the Lambda-CDM cosmogony. State-of-the-art simulations now broadly reproduce the observed spatial clustering of galaxies, the distributions of key characteristics such as mass, size and star formation rate, and scaling relations connecting diverse properties to mass. Such improvements engender confidence in the insight drawn from simulations. Many important outcomes however, particularly the properties of circumgalactic gas, are sensitive to the details of the subgrid models used to approximate the macroscopic effects of unresolved physics, such as feedback processes. We compare the outcomes of leading simulation suites with observations and with each other, to identify the enduring successes they have cultivated and the outstanding challenges to be tackled with the next generation of models. Our key conclusions are: 1) Realistic galaxies can be reproduced by calibrating the ill-constrained parameters of subgrid feedback models. Feedback is dominated by stars and by black holes in low mass and high mass galaxies, respectively; 2) Adjusting or disabling the physical processes implemented in simulations can elucidate their impact on observables, but outcomes can be degenerate; 3) Similar galaxy populations can emerge in simulations with dissimilar subgrid feedback implementations. However, these models generally predict markedly different gas flow rates into, and out of, galaxies and their haloes. CGM observations are thus a promising means of breaking this degeneracy and guiding the development of new feedback models.
description: Authors' version of article (46 pages, 9 figures) published by Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics. The published version, and high-resolution versions of the figures, can be accessed via the publisher at https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-041923-043618
Discovery and Timing analysis of new pulsars in globular cluster NGC 5024: new observations from FAST
Creators: name: Lian, Yujie
name: Pan, Zhichen
name: Zhang, Haiyan
name: Freire, Paulo C. C.
name: Cao, Shuo
name: Qian, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 5024 (M53) is the most distant globular cluster (GC) with known pulsars. In this study, we report the discovery of a new binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1312+1810E (M53E) and present the new timing solutions for M53B to M53E, based on 22 observations from the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST).These discoveries and timing work benefit from FAST's high sensitivity. We find that M53C is the only isolated millisecond pulsar known in this distant globular cluster, with a spin period of 12.53 ms and spin period derivative of $5.26 \times 10^{-20} \, \rm s \; s^{-1}$. Our results reveal the orbital periods of 47.7, 5.8, and 2.4 days for M53B, D, and E, respectively. The companions, with a mass of 0.25, 0.27, and 0.18 ${\rm M}_\odot$, respectively, are likely to be white dwarf stars; if they are extended objects, they don't eclipse the pulsars. We find no X-ray counterparts for these millisecond pulsars in archival $Chandra$ images in the band of 0.3-8 keV. The characteristics of this pulsar population are similar to the population of millisecond pulsars in the Galactic disk, as expected from the low stellar density of M53.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Coherent two-dimensional THz magnetic resonance spectroscopies for molecular magnets: Analysis of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Zhang, Jiaji
name: Tanimura, Yoshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To investigate the novel quantum dynamic behaviors of magnetic materials that arise from complex spin-spin interactions, it is necessary to probe the magnetic response at a speed greater than the spin-relaxation and dephasing processes. Recently developed two-dimensional (2D) terahertz magnetic resonance (THz-MR) spectroscopy techniques use the magnetic components of laser pulses, and this allows investigation of the details of the ultrafast dynamics of spin systems. For such investigations, quantum treatment -- not only of the spin system itself but also of the environment surrounding the spin system -- is important. In our method, based on the theory of multidimensional optical spectroscopy, we formulate nonlinear THz-MR spectra using an approach based on the numerically rigorous hierarchical equations of motion. We conduct numerical calculations of both linear (1D) and 2D THz-MR spectra for a linear chiral spin chain. The pitch and direction of chirality (clockwise or anticlockwise) are determined by the strength and sign of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). We show that not only the strength but also the sign of the DMI can be evaluated through the use of 2D THz-MR spectroscopic measurements, while 1D measurements allow us to determine only the strength.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Particles in Relativistic MHD Jets. I. Role of Jet Dynamics in Particle Acceleration
Creators: name: Dubey, Ravi Pratap
name: Fendt, Christian
name: Vaidya, Bhargav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic jets from (supermassive) black holes are typically observed in non-thermal emission, caused by highly-relativistic electrons. Here, we study the interrelation between three-dimensional (special) relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, and particle acceleration in these jets. We inject Lagrangian particles into the jet that are accelerated through diffusive shock acceleration and radiate energy via synchrotron and inverse Compton processes. We investigate the impact of different injection nozzles on the jet dynamics, propagation, and the spectral energy distribution of relativistic particles. We consider three different injection nozzles -- injecting steady, variable and precessing jets. These jets evolve with substantially different dynamics, driving different levels of turbulence and shock structures. The steady jet shows a strong, stationary shock feature, resulting from a head-on collision with an inner back-flow along the jet axis - a jet inside a jet. This shock represents a site for highly-efficient particle acceleration for electrons upto a few tens of TeV and should be visible in emission as a jet knot. Overall, we find that the total number of shocks is more essential for particle acceleration than the strength of the shocks. The precessing jet is most efficient in accelerating electrons to high energies reaching even few hundred TeVs, with power-law index ranging from 2.3 to 3.1. We compare different outflow components, such as jet and the entrained material concerning particle acceleration. For the precessing nozzle, particle acceleration in the entrained material is as efficient as in the jet stream. This is due to the higher level of turbulence induced by the precession motion.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures, published in the Astrophysical Journal
Real-time myocardial landmark tracking for MRI-guided cardiac radio-ablation using Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Huttinga, Niek R. F.
name: Akdag, Osman
name: Fast, Martin F.
name: Verhoeff, Joost
name: Hoesein, Firdaus A. A. Mohamed
name: Berg, Cornelis A. T. van den
name: Sbrizzi, Alessandro
name: Mandija, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The high speed of cardiorespiratory motion introduces a unique challenge for cardiac stereotactic radio-ablation (STAR) treatments with the MR-linac. Such treatments require tracking myocardial landmarks with a maximum latency of 100 ms, which includes the acquisition of the required data. The aim of this study is to present a new method that allows to track myocardial landmarks from few readouts of MRI data, thereby achieving a latency sufficient for STAR treatments. We present a tracking framework that requires only few readouts of k-space data as input, which can be acquired at least an order of magnitude faster than MR-images. Combined with the real-time tracking speed of a probabilistic machine learning framework called Gaussian Processes, this allows to track myocardial landmarks with a sufficiently low latency for cardiac STAR guidance, including both the acquisition of required data, and the tracking inference. The framework is demonstrated in 2D on a motion phantom, and in vivo on volunteers and a ventricular tachycardia (arrhythmia) patient. Moreover, the feasibility of an extension to 3D was demonstrated by in silico 3D experiments with a digital motion phantom. The framework was compared with template matching - a reference, image-based, method - and linear regression methods. Results indicate an order of magnitude lower total latency (<10 ms) for the proposed framework in comparison with alternative methods. The root-mean-square-distances and mean end-point-distance with the reference tracking method was less than 0.8 mm for all experiments, showing excellent (sub-voxel) agreement. The high accuracy in combination with a total latency of less than 10 ms - including data acquisition and processing - make the proposed method a suitable candidate for tracking during STAR treatments.
Polymorphism in Ruddlesden-Popper $La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}$: Discovery of a Hidden Phase with Distinctive Layer Stacking
Creators: name: Chen, Xinglong
name: Zhang, Junjie
name: Thind, A. S.
name: Sharma, S.
name: LaBollita, H.
name: Peterson, G.
name: Zheng, H.
name: Phelan, D.
name: Botana, A. S.
name: Klie, R. F.
name: Mitchell, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a novel form of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) oxide, which stands as the first example of long-range, coherent polymorphism in this class of inorganic solids. Rather than the well-known, uniform stacking of perovskite blocks ubiquitously found in RP phases, this newly discovered polymorph of the bilayer RP phase $La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}$adopts a novel stacking sequence in which single and trilayer blocks of $NiO_{6}$ octahedra alternate in a 1313 sequence. Crystals of this new polymorph are described in space group Cmmm, although we note evidence for a competing Imcm variant. Transport measurements at ambient pressure reveal metallic character with evidence of a charge density wave transition with onset at T = 134 K, which lies intermediate between that of the standard 2222 polymorph of $La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}$ (space group Amam) and the trilayer RP phase, $La_{4}Ni_{3}O_{10}$. The discovery of such polymorphism could reverberate to the expansive range of science and applications that rely on RP materials, particularly the recently reported signatures of superconductivity with $T_{c}$ as high as 80 K above 14 GPa in bilayer $La_{3}Ni_{2}O_{7}$.
description: 37 pages, 10 figures
The effect of tidal forces on the Jeans instability criterion in star-forming regions
Creators: name: Zavala-Molina, Rafael
name: Ballesteros-Paredes, Javier
name: Gazol, Adriana
name: Palau, Aina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works have proposed the idea of a tidal screening scenario, in which tidal forces determine the mass that a protostar can accrete to explain the IMF. In this scenario, gravitationally unstable fragments will compete for the gas reservoir in a star-forming clump. In this contribution, we propose to properly include the action of an external gravitational potential in the Jeans linear instability analysis as previously proposed by Jog. We have found that an external gravitational potential can reduce the critical mass required for the perturbation to collapse if the tidal force produced is compressive or increase it if it is disruptive. Our analytical treatment provides (a) new mass and length collapse conditions; (b) a simple equation for observers to check whether their observed fragments can collapse; and (c) a simple equation to compute whether collapse-induced turbulence can produce the levels of observed fragmentation. Our results suggest that, given envelopes with similar mass and density, the flatter ones should produce more stars than the steeper ones. If the density profile is a power-law, the corresponding power-law index separating these two regimes should be about 1.5. We finally applied our formalism to 160 fragments identified within 18 massive star-forming cores of previous works. We found that considering tides, 49% of the sample may be gravitationally unstable and that it is unlikely that turbulence acting at the moment of collapse has produced the fragmentation of these cores. Instead, these fragments should have formed earlier when the parent core was substantially flatter.
description: Accepted MNRAS, 18 pages, 5 figures
Incommensurate spin correlations in highly oxidized cobaltates La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CoO$_{4}$
Creators: name: Li, Z. W.
name: Drees, Y.
name: Kuo, C. Y.
name: Guo, H.
name: Ricci, A.
name: Lamago, D.
name: Sobolev, O.
name: Rütt, U.
name: Gutowski, O.
name: Pi, T. W.
name: Piovano, A.
name: Schmidt, W.
name: Mogare, K.
name: Hu, Z.
name: Tjeng, L. H.
name: Komarek, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observe quasi-static incommensurate magnetic peaks in neutron scattering experiments on layered cobalt oxides La2-xSrxCoO4 with high Co oxidation states that have been reported to be paramagnetic. This enables us to measure the magnetic excitations in this highly hole-doped incommensurate regime and compare our results with those found in the low-doped incommensurate regime that exhibit hourglass magnetic spectra. The hourglass shape of magnetic excitations completely disappears given a high Sr doping. Moreover, broad low-energy excitations are found, which are not centered at the incommensurate magnetic peak positions but around the quarter-integer values that are typically exhibited by excitations in the checkerboard charge ordered phase. Our findings suggest that the strong inter-site exchange interactions in the undoped islands are critical for the emergence of hourglass spectra in the incommensurate magnetic phases of La2-xSrxCoO4.
description: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep25117/
Toledo et al. SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES
Creators: name: Zucato Toledo, Mateus
name: Oliveira, Rafael Caputo
name: Luchini, Daniel
name: Monteiro, Pedro
name: D. Shaver, Randy
name: Wiltbank, Milo C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Animal nutrition
Animal reproduction and breeding
Animal welfare

description: Supplemental tables from: Toledo MZ, Stangaferro ML, Oliveira RC, Monteiro PLJ, Gennari RS, Luchini D, Shaver RD, Giordano JO, Wiltbank MC. Effects of feeding rumen-protected methionine pre- and postpartum in multiparous Holstein cows: Health disorders and interactions with production and reproduction. Journal Dairy Science.
Hadron Physics From Superconformal Quantum Mechanics and its Light-Front Holographic Embedding
Creators: name: de Teramond, Guy F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The complex nonperturbative color-confining dynamics of QCD is well captured in a semiclassical effective theory based on superconformal quantum mechanics and its extension to the light-front. I describe here how this new approach to hadron physics incorporates confinement, the appearance of nearly massless pseudoscalar particles, and Regge spectroscopy consistent with experiment. It also gives remarkable connections between the meson and baryon spectrum across the light and heavy-light hadron spectrum. I also briefly discuss how higher spin states are consistently described in this framework by the holographic embedding of the superconformal theory in a higher dimensional semiclassical gravity theory.
description: Invited talk presented at Light-Cone 2015: Theory and experiment for hadrons on the light-front, September 21-25, 2015, INFN, Frascati, Italy
Transport properties of AB stacked (Bernal) bilayer graphene on and without substrate within 2- and 4-band approximations
Creators: name: Gusynin, V. P.
name: Sharapov, S. G.
name: Reshetnyak, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the calculations of longitudinal and Hall conductivities of AB-stacked bilayer graphene as a function of frequency, finite chemical potential, temperature both with and without magnetic fields on a base of 2- and 4-band effective models. The limited cases of the conductivities for direct current are derived. The relations being important for optoelectronic among Hall conductivities and Faraday, Kerr angles in the AB-bilayers samples in the electric and magnetic fields when the radiation passes across bilayer sheets on different kinds a substrate are obtained.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, based on the talk given on the Conference "Advanced Materials with Hierarchical Structure for New Technologies and Reliable Structures", September 21-25 2015, Tomsk, Russia
Role of coupling delay in oscillatory activity in autonomous networks of excitable neurons with dissipation
Creators: name: Bukh, A. V.
name: Shepelev, I. A.
name: Elizarov, E. M.
name: Muni, S. S.
name: Schöll, E.
name: Strelkova, G. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the effects of time delay in networks of delay-coupled excitable FitzHugh Nagumo systems with dissipation. The generation of periodic self-sustained oscillations and its threshold are analyzed depending on the dissipation of a single neuron, the delay time, and random initial conditions. The peculiarities of spatiotemporal dynamics of time-delayed bidirectional ring-structured FitzHugh-Nagumo neuronal systems are investigated in cases of local and nonlocal coupling topology between the nodes, and a first-order nonequilibrium phase transition to synchrony is established. It is shown that the emergence of oscillatory activity in delay-coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons is observed for smaller values of the coupling strength as the dissipation parameter decreases. This can provide the possibility of controlling the spatiotemporal behavior of the considered neuronal networks. The observed effects are quantified by plotting distributions of the maximal Lyapunov exponent and the global order parameter in terms of delay and coupling strength.
description: 14 pages, 17 figures
Superwalking Droplets and Generalised Pilot-Wave Dynamics
Creators: name: VALANI, RAHIL NURUDDIN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Dynamical systems in applications
Foundations of quantum mechanics
Ordinary differential equations, difference equations and dynamical systems
Fluid mechanics and thermal engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Millimetre-sized walking droplets that emerge on the surface of a vertically vibrating liquid bath can exhibit certain features that were previously thought to be exclusive to the microscopic quantum realm. This thesis investigates a new class of walking droplets, coined superwalkers, and also studies the rich dynamical behaviour of droplets in a generalised pilot-wave framework. Insights from this research may help further our understanding in the areas of hydrodynamic quantum analogues and active matter.
Variational Approach to studying solitary waves in the nonlinear Schrodinger equation with Complex Potentials
Creators: name: Mertens, Franz G.
name: Cooper, Fred
name: Arevalo, Edward
name: Khare, Avinash
name: Saxena, Avadh
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the behavior of solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equation (NLSE) as they interact with complex potentials, using a four parameter variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formulation of the dynamics. We concentrate on spatially periodic potentials with the periods of the real and imaginary part being either the same or different. Our results for the time evolution of the collective coordinates of our variational ansatz are in good agreement with direct numerical simulation of the NLSE. We compare our method with a collective coordinate approach of Kominis and give examples where the two methods give qualitatively different answers. In our variational approach, we are able to give analytic results for the small oscillation frequency of the solitary wave oscillating parameters which agree with the numerical solution of the collective coordinate equations. We also verify that instabilities set in when the slope of $dp(t)/dv(t)$ becomes negative when plotted parametrically as a function of time, where $p(t)$ is the momentum of the solitary wave and $v(t)$ the velocity.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Evidence for ubiquitous carbon grain destruction in hot protostellar envelopes
Creators: name: Nazari, P.
name: Tabone, B.
name: Hoff, M. L. R. van 't
name: Jørgensen, J. K.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Earth is deficient in carbon and nitrogen by up to ${\sim}4$ orders of magnitude compared with the Sun. Destruction of (carbon- and nitrogen-rich) refractory organics in the high-temperature planet forming regions could explain this deficiency. Assuming a refractory cometary composition for these grains, their destruction enhances nitrogen-containing oxygen-poor molecules in the hot gas ($\gtrsim 300$K) after the initial formation and sublimation of these molecules from oxygen-rich ices in the warm gas (${\sim}150$K). Using observations of $37$ high-mass protostars with ALMA, we find that oxygen-containing molecules (CH$_3$OH and HNCO) systematically show no enhancement in their hot component. In contrast, nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules (CH$_3$CN and C$_2$H$_3$CN) systematically show an enhancement of a factor ${\sim} 5$ in their hot component, pointing to additional production of these molecules in the hot gas. Assuming only thermal excitation conditions, we interpret these results as a signature of destruction of refractory organics, consistent with the cometary composition. This destruction implies a higher C/O and N/O in the hot gas than the warm gas, while, the exact values of these ratios depend on the fraction of grains that are effectively destroyed. This fraction can be found by future chemical models that constrain C/O and N/O from the abundances of minor carbon, nitrogen and oxygen carriers presented here.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Aneurhynchus coryphe Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Diapriidae
Aneurhynchus
Aneurhynchus coryphe

description: Aneurhynchus coryphe Nixon, 1980: 25, fig. 69.
Valid name
Aneurhynchus coryphe Nixon, 1980.
Summary of types
Holotype ♂, BMNH number 9.817, by original designation. Paratypes 3 ♂♂.
Primary type data
France, Fi./ Huelgoat/ 3.vi.1954 / J.F.Perkins/ B.M.1954-396; Aneurhynchus / coryphe Nixon / type ♂, 197.
Type locality
France, Huelgoat.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card point and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Fantastic Fits with fantasy of Active Galactic Nuclei Spectra -- Exploring the Fe II emission near the H$α$ line
Creators: name: Ilic, Dragana
name: Rakic, Nemanja
name: Popovic, Luka C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, a refined approach for multicomponent fitting of active galactic nuclei (AGN) spectra is presented utilizing the newly developed Python code $fantasy$ (fully automated python tool for AGN spectra analysis). AGN spectra are modeled by simultaneously considering the underlying broken power-law continuum, predefined emission line lists, and an Fe II model, which is here extended to cover the wavelength range 3700 - 11000 A. The Fe II model, founded solely on atomic data, effectively describes the extensive emission of the complex iron ion in the vicinity of the H$γ$ and H$β$ lines, as well as near the H$α$ line, which was previously rarely studied. The proposed spectral fitting approach is tested on a sample of high-quality AGN spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 17. The results indicate that when Fe II emission is present near H$β$, it is also detected redward from H$α$, potentially contaminating the broad H$α$ line wings and thus affecting the measurements of its flux and width. The production of Fe II emission is found to be strongly correlated with Eddington luminosity and appears to be controlled by the similar mechanism as the hydrogen Balmer lines. The study highlights the benefits of fitting AGN type 1 spectra with the $fantasy$ code, pointing that it may be used as a robust tool for analyzing a large number of AGN spectra in the coming spectral surveys.
description: Accepted in ApJS
Pre or Post-Softmax Scores in Gradient-based Attribution Methods, What is Best?
Creators: name: Lerma, Miguel
name: Lucas, Mirtha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.m
subject: 68T07

description: Gradient based attribution methods for neural networks working as classifiers use gradients of network scores. Here we discuss the practical differences between using gradients of pre-softmax scores versus post-softmax scores, and their respective advantages and disadvantages.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2023 IEEE 13th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Systems (ICPRS)
On covariant and canonical Hamiltonian formalisms for gauge theories
Creators: name: Corichi, Alejandro
name: Reyes, Juan D.
name: Vukasinac, Tatjana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian description of classical gauge theories is a very well studied subject. The two best known approaches, namely the covariant and canonical Hamiltonian formalisms have received a lot of attention in the literature. However, a full understanding of the relation between them is not available, specially when the gauge theories are defined over regions with boundaries. Here we consider this issue, by first making precise what we mean by equivalence between the two formalisms. Then we explore several first order gauge theories, and assess whether their corresponding descriptions satisfy the notion of equivalence. We shall show that, even when in several cases the two formalisms are indeed equivalent, there are counterexamples that signal that this is not always the case. Thus, non-equivalence is a generic feature for gauge field theories. These results call for a deeper understanding of the subject.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures. Typos corrected, discussion slightly improved, references added
Corelations are the prop for extraspecial commutative Frobenius monoids
Creators: name: Coya, Brandon
name: Fong, Brendan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18C10, 18D10

description: Just as binary relations between sets may be understood as jointly monic spans, so too may equivalence relations on the disjoint union of sets be understood as jointly epic cospans. With the ensuing notion of composition inherited from the pushout of cospans, we call these equivalence relations \emph{corelations}. We define the category of corelations between finite sets and prove that it is equivalent to the prop for extraspecial commutative Frobenius monoids. Dually, we show that the category of relations is equivalent to the prop for special commutative bimonoids. Throughout, we emphasise how corelations model interconnection.
description: 15 pages
Model-Free Imitation Learning with Policy Optimization
Creators: name: Ho, Jonathan
name: Gupta, Jayesh K.
name: Ermon, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In imitation learning, an agent learns how to behave in an environment with an unknown cost function by mimicking expert demonstrations. Existing imitation learning algorithms typically involve solving a sequence of planning or reinforcement learning problems. Such algorithms are therefore not directly applicable to large, high-dimensional environments, and their performance can significantly degrade if the planning problems are not solved to optimality. Under the apprenticeship learning formalism, we develop alternative model-free algorithms for finding a parameterized stochastic policy that performs at least as well as an expert policy on an unknown cost function, based on sample trajectories from the expert. Our approach, based on policy gradients, scales to large continuous environments with guaranteed convergence to local minima.
description: In Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Machine Learning, 2016