cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
After Aereo: Applying the Cable Compulsory License to Internet Retransmission Services
Creators: name: Makar, Jake
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Internet videos
subject: Copyright
subject: Cable television--Licenses

description: As Internet technology has advanced, consumers have increasingly opted to view video content on their computer, tablet, and smartphone screens instead of their television screens. In American Broadcasting Cos. v. Aereo, Inc. (“Aereo III”), decided in 2014, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected one of the more creative methods of delivering content via the Internet, closing a legal loophole by ruling that a company could not escape copyright liability by characterizing its retransmission of content as simply providing the consumer with equipment. Although the ruling definitively answered one question that had been subject to debate, the battle over Internet broadcasting has simply moved to another arena. The decision has led Aereo and similar companies to argue that they should be allowed to take advantage of the compulsory licensing scheme available to “cable systems” under Section 111 of the Copyright Act. The result of this new debate could have far-reaching effects on how consumers can access television content and on how the courts will interpret the Copyright Act in the future. This Note examines the decisions made in the wake of Aereo III that have addressed the application of Section 111 and, in particular, contrasts the reasoning of Fox v. Aereokiller, in which the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California held that Internet rebroadcasting services are eligible for a compulsory license under Section 111, with the reasoning of courts that have come to the opposite conclusion. This Note argues that both the text of Section 111 and its legislative history demonstrate that Internet rebroadcasting services fall under the statutory definition of “cable system.” It further argues that granting access to the compulsory licensing scheme would accomplish the important policy goal of increasing competition in the marketplace.
Relationship of Office and Ambulatory Blood Pressure With Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain
Creators: name: Sera, Fusako
name: Jin, Zhezhen
name: Russo, Cesare
name: Lee, Edward S.
name: Schwartz, Joseph E.
name: Rundek, Tatjana
name: Elkind, Mitchell S.
name: Homma, Shunichi
name: Sacco, Ralph L.
name: Di Tullio, Marco R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
Hypertension
Echocardiography
Heart--Left ventricle
Medicine

description: BACKGROUND:
Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) is an early indicator of subclinical cardiac dysfunction, even when LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is normal, and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) is a better predictor of cardiovascular events, including heart failure, than office BP. We investigated the association of office and ambulatory BP measurements with subclinical LV systolic dysfunction in a community-based cohort with normal LVEF.

METHODS:
Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring were performed in 577 participants (mean age 70±9 years; 60% women) with LVEF ≥50% from the Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions (CABL) study. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations of BP measures with GLS.

RESULTS:
Higher ambulatory and office BP values were consistently associated with impaired GLS. After adjustment for pertinent covariates (age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, LV mass index, and antihypertensive medication), office diastolic BP and ambulatory systolic and diastolic BPs (24-hour, daytime and nighttime) were independently associated with GLS (P = 0.003 for office DBP, P ≤ 0.001 for all ambulatory BPs). When ambulatory and office BP values were included in the same model, all ambulatory BP measures remained significantly associated with GLS (all P < 0.01), whereas office BP values were not.

CONCLUSIONS:
Ambulatory BP values are significantly associated with impaired GLS and the association is stronger than for office BP. Ambulatory BP monitoring might have a role in the risk stratification of hypertensive patients for early LV dysfunction.
On the Krall-type Askey-Wilson Polynomials
Creators: name: Alvarez-Nodarse, R.
name: Sevinik-Adiguzel, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D45, 33C45, 42C05

description: In this paper the general Krall-type Askey-Wilson polynomials are introduced. These polynomials are obtained from the Askey-Wilson polynomials via the addition of two mass points to the weight function of them at the points $\pm1$. Several properties of such new family are considered, in particular the three-term recurrence relation and the representation as basic hypergeometric series.
Sampling for Bayesian computation with large datasets
Creators: name: Huang, Zaiying
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Bayesian statistical decision theory
subject: Cluster analysis
subject: Multilevel models (Statistics)

description: Multilevel models are extremely useful in handling large hierarchical datasets. However, computation can be a challenge, both in storage and CPU time per iteration of Gibbs sampler or other Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. We propose a computational strategy based on sampling the data, computing separate posterior distributions based on each sample, and then combining these to get a consensus posterior inference. With hierarchical data structures, we perform cluster sampling into subsets with the same structures as the original data. This reduces the number of parameters as well as sample size for each separate model fit. We illustrate with examples from climate modeling and newspaper marketing.
Phallichthys amates
Creators: name: Angulo, Arturo
name: Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz
name: Rojas, Emmanuel
name: Ley-López, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Cyprinodontiformes
Poeciliidae
Phallichthys
Phallichthys amates

description: (12) Phallichthys amates (Miller 1907: 108); Merry widow (En), Olomina (Sp) Figure 4A Body moderately elongate and deep, almost rhomboid, moderately compressed; lateral line reduced to a series of individual pits along side of body; fins without spines; a single dorsal fin; males with anal fin modified into a long gonopodium extending to the caudal fin origin; caudal fin rounded; general coloration yellowish gray or pale yellow (almost transparent in some specimens) with bluish or purplish highlights; in some specimens, scales bordered by black, giving a cross-hatch pattern to the body (this pattern is more intensive along the mid-line of the flanks and sometimes resembles a series of X’s along the body); females usually with prominent black or purple blotch covering base of pelvic and/or anal fins; fins usually transparent or yellowish; maximum body length ca 70 mm SL.
description: Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz, Rojas, Emmanuel & Ley-López, Juan Manuel, 2017, Fishes from the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, pp. 683-702 in Check List 13 (5) on page 689, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.683
description: {"references": ["Miller N (1907) The fishes of the Motagua River, Guatemala. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 23 (2): 95 - 123."]}
Vizsgálati és kontrollcsoportot egy adatfelvételi alkalom alapján összehasonlító hatásvizsgálatok matematikai statisztikai háttere
Creators: name: Mező, Ferenc
name: Máth, János
name: Abari, Kálmán
name: Mező, Katalin
Publisher: name: Debreceni Egyetem
Year: 2016

description: Különleges Bánásmód, vol. 2. issue 2. ISSN 2498-5368
Random perturbations of dynamical systems with reflecting boundary and corresponding PDE with a small parameter
Creators: name: Hu, Wenqing
name: Tcheuko, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J60, 60F10, 60H30

description: We study the asymptotic behavior of a diffusion process with small diffusion in a domain $D$. This process is reflected at $\partial D$ with respect to a co-normal direction pointing inside $D$. Our asymptotic result is used to study the long time behavior of the solution of the corresponding parabolic PDE with Neumann boundary condition.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, comments are welcome
The Public Morals Exception After the WTO Seal Products Dispute: Has the Exception Swallowed the Rules?
Creators: name: Serpin, Pelin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: International trade
Foreign trade regulation
Crimes without victims
Protectionism--Law and legislation

description: The public morals exception to the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) trade rules was explicitly invoked for the third time in the trade regime’s history in the WTO dispute over seal products. While shedding further light on the public morals exception, the WTO Appellate Body’s decision in this dispute has raised concerns about an overbroad public morals doctrine that could provide a cloak for protectionism. Some commentators argue that the decision has left the exception with no boundaries, leaving the door open for validation of otherwise illegal trade-restrictive measures disguised as measures intended to protect a public moral. This Note addresses such concerns about the unforeseen but far-reaching implications of the European Communities—Measures Prohibiting the Importation and Marketing of Seal Products (“EC—Seal Products”) decision, and argues that the Appellate Body properly and necessarily left the definition and scope of what constitutes a public moral to the discretion of individual WTO member countries. In discussing the WTO’s treatment of the public morals exception in the context of the trade-morality conflict, this Note argues that the implications of the EC—Seal Products decision are not as severe as they may seem. Given the increasingly diverse values, beliefs, and morals that exist among WTO member countries, as well as the crucial role of the WTO as adjudicator among them all, this Note argues that the decision necessarily protects member countries’ sovereignty as well as the trade regime’s legitimacy and resilience.
MOESM1 of Simultaneous determination of five azadirachtins in the seed and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica by automated online solid-phase extraction coupled with LC–Q-TOF–MS
Creators: name: Song, Li
name: Wang, Jin
name: Gao, Quan
name: Ma, Xiaojiang
name: Wang, Yuwei
name: Zhang, Yaoyao
name: Xun, Hang
name: Yao, Xi
name: Tang, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Mass data of the five azadirachtins from neem samples by online-SPE-LC-Q-TOF–MS.
What does "Do campaigns matter?" mean?
Creators: name: Bafumi, Joseph
name: Gelman, Andrew E.
name: Park, David K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Presidents--Election

description: Scholars disagree over the extent to which presidential campaigns activate predispositions in voters or create vote preferences that could not be predicted. When campaign related information flows activate predispositions, election results are largely predetermined given balanced resources. They can be accurately forecast well before a campaign has run its course. Alternatively, campaigns may change vote outcomes beyond forcing predispositions to some equilibrium level. We find most evidence for the former: opinion poll data are consistent with Presidential campaigns activating predispositions, with fundamental variables increasing in importance as a presidential election draws near.
Analysis Operator Learning and Its Application to Image Reconstruction
Creators: name: Hawe, Simon
name: Kleinsteuber, Martin
name: Diepold, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.5

description: Exploiting a priori known structural information lies at the core of many image reconstruction methods that can be stated as inverse problems. The synthesis model, which assumes that images can be decomposed into a linear combination of very few atoms of some dictionary, is now a well established tool for the design of image reconstruction algorithms. An interesting alternative is the analysis model, where the signal is multiplied by an analysis operator and the outcome is assumed to be the sparse. This approach has only recently gained increasing interest. The quality of reconstruction methods based on an analysis model severely depends on the right choice of the suitable operator. In this work, we present an algorithm for learning an analysis operator from training images. Our method is based on an $\ell_p$-norm minimization on the set of full rank matrices with normalized columns. We carefully introduce the employed conjugate gradient method on manifolds, and explain the underlying geometry of the constraints. Moreover, we compare our approach to state-of-the-art methods for image denoising, inpainting, and single image super-resolution. Our numerical results show competitive performance of our general approach in all presented applications compared to the specialized state-of-the-art techniques.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Joturus pichardi Poey 1860
Creators: name: Angulo, Arturo
name: Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz
name: Rojas, Emmanuel
name: Ley-López, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Mugiliformes
Mugilidae
Joturus
Joturus pichardi

description: (18) Joturus pichardi Poey 1860: 263; Bobo mullet (En), Bobo (Sp) Figure 5B Body elongate, robust, fusiform; mouth ventral (below a tumid, fleshy and projecting snout); fins with strong spines; 2 dorsal fins; second dorsal fin rays 10 or rarely 11; anal fin rays 11; caudal fin forked or lunate; general coloration silvery to grey green or green olive in adults, and silvery white, with dark stripes on dorsal, anal and caudal fins in juveniles; fins usually transparent, pinkish in some adult specimens; maximum body length ca 700 mmSL.
description: Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz, Rojas, Emmanuel & Ley-López, Juan Manuel, 2017, Fishes from the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, pp. 683-702 in Check List 13 (5) on page 691, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.683
description: {"references": ["Poey F (1860) Memorias sobra la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba, acompanadas de sumarios Latinos y extractos en Frances. Tomo 2. Imprenta de Barcina, La Habana, 239 pp."]}
A human-inspired controller for robot-human object handovers : a study of grip and load forces in handovers and the design and implementation of a novel handover controller
Creators: name: Chan, Wesley Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Handing over objects is a common basic task that arises between people in many cooperative scenarios. On a daily basis, we effortlessly and successfully perform countless unscripted handovers without any explicit communication. However, handing over an object to a person is a challenging task for robotic “hands”, and the resulting interaction is often unnatural. To improve human-robot cooperation, the work described in this thesis has led to the design of a human-inspired handover controller based on analysis and characterization of the haptic interaction during human-to-human object handover. The first experiment in this thesis documents novel experimental work done to measure the dynamic interaction in human-human handovers. The grip forces and load forces experienced by the giver and the receiver during a handover are examined, and the key features are identified. Based on these experimental results, guidelines for designing human-robot handovers are proposed. Next, this thesis describes a handover controller model that enables robots to hand over objects to people in a safe, efficient, and intuitive manner, and an implementation of the handover controller on a Willow Garage PR2 robot is documented. Finally, a second experiment is presented, which compares various tunings of the novel controller in a user study. Results show that the novel controller yields more efficient and more intuitive robot-to-human handovers when compared to existing handover controllers.
Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron Observations of HD 209458b: 3 eclipses, 2.5 transits, and a Phase Curve Corrupted by Instrumental Sensitivity Variations
Creators: name: Crossfield, Ian J. M.
name: Knutson, Heather
name: Fortney, Jonathan
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Deming, Drake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of an analysis of all Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron observations of HD 209458b, one of the touchstone objects in the study of irradiated giant planet atmospheres. Altogether we analyze 2.5 transits, 3 eclipses, and a 58-hour near-continuous observation designed to detect the planet's thermal phase curve. The results of our analysis are: (1) A mean transit depth of 1.484% +/- 0.035%, consistent with previous measurements and showing no evidence of variability in transit depth at the 3% level. (2) A mean eclipse depth of 0.332% +/- 0.026%, somewhat higher than that previously reported for this system; this new value brings observations into better agreement with models. The dayside flux shows no evidence of variability at the 12% level. (3) Eclipses in the system occur 32 s +/- 129 s earlier than would be expected from a circular orbit, which constrains the orbital quantity (e cos omega) to be 0.00004 +/- 0.00033. This result is fully consistent with a circular orbit and sets an upper limit of 140 m/s (3 sigma) on any eccentricity-induced velocity offset during transit. The phase curve observations (including one of the transits) exhibit an anomalous trend similar to the detector ramp seen in previous Spitzer/IRAC observations; by modeling this ramp we recover the system parameters. The photometry which follows the ramp and transit exhibits a gradual, ~0.2% decrease in flux, similar to that seen in pre-launch calibration data. The large uncertainties associated with this poorly-understood, likely instrumental effect prevent us from usefully constraining the planet's thermal phase curve. Our observations highlight the need for a thorough understanding of detector-related instrumental effects on long time scales when making the high-precision mid-infrared measurements planned for future missions such as EChO, SPICA, and JWST. [abridged]
description: 14 pages, 9 figures. ApJ accepted: 2012 April 11. (v3: author initials added.)
For What It's Worth
Creators: name: Stark, David C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Organizational sociology

description: This article takes its point of departure from the intellectual milieu in the mid-1980s that gave rise to Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thevenot’s book, On Justification: Economies of Worth. It shows how exposure to ideas and concepts in that book came to take varied forms as they were elaborated and modified in the work of an American sociologist across several decades of research in diverse empirical settings.
title: Mortality of North Sea herring that is crowded and subsequently slipped from a purse seine
Creators: name: Tenningen, Maria
name: Vold, Aud
name: Saltskår, Jostein
name: Huse, Irene
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Catch regulation by slipping whole or parts of the catch has traditionally been used in NE-Atlantic purse seine fisheries for pelagic species if the catches are considered too big or the quality or size of the fish is considered unsatisfactory. This is particularly the case when the prize differs between sizes or quality groups of fish (high grading) as is often found with herring. No information is, however, available on the survival rate of herring that is slipped from the purse seine or how significant this mortality is in relation to total fishing mortality. The aim of this study is to quantify mortality of herring crowded to different degrees in the purse seine and subsequently slipped. Large-scale opensea survival experiments were carried out in the North Sea in 2008 and in 2009. Herring caught by purse seine were allowed to swim from the seine to large circular net pens in an early phase of hauling. Commercial crowding conditions were simulated by lifting the bottom of the net pen. The mortality rate four to five days after crowding ranged from 1.8% in the least crowded to 50.7% and 52.0% in the hardest crowded groups. Control group mortality was low, between 0.9% and 2.0%. These results provide important information on what crowding densities can be tolerated in the purse seine fisheries for herring and suggest a need to revise the legislation on slipping in these fisheries.
Role of Rheology in Achieving Successful Concrete Performance
Creators: name: Ferraris, Chiara F.
name: Billberg, Peter
name: Ferron, Raissa
name: Feys, Dimitri
name: Hu, Jiong
name: Kawashima, Shiho
name: Tanesi, Jussara
name: Tregger, Nathan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Rheology
Concrete

description: This article provides a basic introduction to concrete rheology, as well as some insight into how rheology can be applicable to concrete construction.
title: Convergence Properties of Associative Memory Storage for Learning Control Systems
Creators: name: Parks, P.C.
name: Militzer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: IFAC - International Federation of Automatic Control
Year: 2023

description: First, the cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC), invented in the early 1970s by J S Albus, and the associative memory system (AMS), developed for learning control systems by H Tolle, E Ersü and J Militzer in the early 1980s, are briefly described. The underlying mathematics of the AMS learning or training algorithm is then given with a geometrical interpretation from which its convergence properties may be deduced. These are illustrated for some simple cases. The original algorithm devised by Albus is very simple to compute but is slow to converge, and the second part of the paper investigates various methods of speeding up the algorithm. From an application of these new algorithms to test cases one is strongly recommended for further evaluation. The results reported here are of relevance also to the topical and rapidly growing field of neural computing.
Live and Let Die: Peeling Back on Municipal Bond Regulation After the 2008 Financial Crisis
Creators: name: Miki, Heita
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Municipal bonds--Law and legislation
Bank liquidity
Banking law
Municipal finance

description: Municipal bonds have traditionally been considered, rightly or wrongly, mundane assets that require little regulation. However, the most recent financial crisis did not leave municipal bonds untouched. The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 and liquidity requirements for banks, enacted in response to the 2008 financial crisis, have had far-reaching effects in the banking industry as well as the municipal bond market. While the registration requirements for municipal advisors have garnered much attention, other provisions may negatively impact the liquidity of the municipal bond market and raise the costs of raising capital for municipalities. This Note focuses on three provisions, all of which increase the cost of raising capital for municipalities without a meaningful improvement in the safety of the banking system: the Liquidity Coverage Ratio, the Volcker Rule, and the Risk Retention Rule. Secondarily, this Note makes mitigating suggestions. This Note concludes that the most liquid municipal bonds should qualify as eligible for high-quality liquid asset status, which would be consistent with international standards. Additionally, exemptions should be granted under the Volcker Rule and the risk retention provisions for tender option bonds.
How to construct spin chains with perfect state transfer
Creators: name: Vinet, Luc
name: Zhedanov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown how to systematically construct the $XX$ quantum spin chains with nearest-neighbor interactions that allow perfect state transfer (PST). Sets of orthogonal polynomials (OPs) are in correspondence with such systems. The key observation is that for any admissible one-excitation energy spectrum, the weight function of the associated OPs is uniquely prescribed. This entails the complete characterization of these PST models with the mirror symmetry property arising as a corollary. A simple and efficient algorithm to obtain the corresponding Hamiltonians is presented. A new model connected to a special case of the symmetric $q$-Racah polynomials is offered. It is also explained how additional models with PST can be derived from a parent system by removing energy levels from the one-excitation spectrum of the latter. This is achieved through Christoffel transformations and is also completely constructive in regards to the Hamiltonians.
description: 7 pages
Conformal Smectics and their Many Metrics
Creators: name: Alexander, Gareth P.
name: Kamien, Randall D.
name: Mosna, Ricardo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish that equally-spaced smectic configurations enjoy an infinite-dimensional conformal symmetry and show that there is a natural map between them and null hypersurfaces in maximally-symmetric spacetimes. By choosing the appropriate conformal factor it is possible to restore additional symmetries of focal structures only found before for smectics on flat substrates.
description: 5 pages, figures included
Vortex-Induced Substructures in a Protoplanetary Disk
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaoyi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The co-existence of crescents and rings has been observed in protoplanetary disks in dust continuum emission, such as HD143006. The crescents in continuum emission have been proposed to be the dust-trapping vortices produced by the Rossby Wave Instability (RWI). We hypothesize that the RWI vortices could induce rings and gaps by driving density waves analogous to planets. We study the properties of density waves and substructures induced by vortices in 2D hydrodynamic simulations performed by Athena++ for a shearing box. In this work, we aim to find rings and gaps induced by vortices in disks comparable to ALMA dust continuum observations.
Retarded Green's Functions In Perturbed Spacetimes For Cosmology and Gravitational Physics
Creators: name: Chu, Yi-Zen
name: Starkman, Glenn D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electromagnetic and gravitational radiation do not propagate solely on the null cone in a generic curved spacetime. They develop "tails," traveling at all speeds equal to and less than unity. If sizeable, this off-the-null-cone effect could mean objects at cosmological distances, such as supernovae, appear dimmer than they really are. Their light curves may be distorted relative to their flat spacetime counterparts. These in turn could affect how we infer the properties and evolution of the universe or the objects it contains. Within the gravitational context, the tail effect induces a self-force that causes a compact object orbiting a massive black hole to deviate from an otherwise geodesic path. This needs to be taken into account when modeling the gravitational waves expected from such sources. Motivated by these considerations, we develop perturbation theory for solving the massless scalar, photon and graviton retarded Green's functions in perturbed spacetimes, assuming these Green's functions are known in the background spacetime. In particular, we elaborate on the theory in perturbed Minkowski spacetime in significant detail; and apply our techniques to compute the retarded Green's functions in the weak field limit of the Kerr spacetime to first order in the black hole's mass and angular momentum. Our methods build on and generalizes work appearing in the literature on this topic to date, and lays the foundation for a thorough, first principles based, investigation of how light propagates over cosmological distances, within a spatially flat inhomogeneous Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. This perturbative scheme applied to the graviton Green's function, when pushed to higher orders, may provide approximate analytic (or semi-analytic) results for the self-force problem in the weak field limits of the Schwarzschild and Kerr black hole geometries.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures. Significant updates in v2: Scalar, photon and graviton Green's functions calculated explicitly in Kerr black hole spacetime up to first order in mass and angular momentum (Sec. V); Visser's van Vleck determinant result shown to be equivalent to ours in Sec. II. v3: JWKB discussion moved to introduction; to be published in PRD
BF gravity with Immirzi parameter and matter fields
Creators: name: Montesinos, Merced
name: Velazquez, Mercedes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the coupling of the scalar, Maxwell, and Yang-Mills fields as well as the cosmological constant to BF gravity with Immirzi parameter. The proposed action principles employ auxiliary fields in order to keep a polynomial dependence on the B fields. By handling the equations of motion for the B field and for the auxiliary fields, these latter can be expressed in terms of the physical fields and by substituting these expressions into the original action principles we recover the first-order (Holst) and second-order actions for gravity coupled to the physical matter fields. We consider these results a relevant step towards the understanding of the coupling of matter fields to gravity in the theoretical framework of BF theory.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev D, 9 pages, LaTeX file
Amatitlania septemfasciata
Creators: name: Angulo, Arturo
name: Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz
name: Rojas, Emmanuel
name: Ley-López, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Amatitlania
Amatitlania septemfasciata

description: (19) Amatitlania septemfasciata (Regan 1908: 461); Seven stripe cichlid (En), Mojarra (Sp) Figure 5C Cryptoheros septemfasciatus (Regan 1908): 461—Angulo et al. (2013): 1005. Body moderately elongate and deep; predorsal profile of head slightly curved, snout relatively short and convex, usually ca 33–43% of head length; mouth terminal, rarely inferior, relatively short, usually <30% of head length; maxillary not extending to below the eye; jaws of equal length; teeth conical and cylindrical, somewhat enlarged, but no large canines; lateral line conspicuous, divided in 2 straight overlapping sections; fins with strong spines; a single dorsal fin; caudal fin truncate; general coloration maroon-brown (males) or grayish brown (females), darker dorsally and paler ventrally; iris bluish; opercular blotch absent; flanks usually with 6 diffuse black vertical bars, the third usually more prominent and forming an oval blotch; first vertical bar not Y-shaped; median fins solid maroon brown and pelvic fins dusky; caudal blotch mainly on caudal peduncle; during the reproductive season, the females becomes bluish gray on the lower half of the head and the abdomen, a large golden/orange area appears on the middle of the side, the median fins change to gray, the spinous dorsal fin shows a long black blotch with golden edges and the anal fin acquires blue tints; maximum body length ca 100 mm SL.
description: Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, Naranjo-Elizondo, Beatriz, Rojas, Emmanuel & Ley-López, Juan Manuel, 2017, Fishes from the Tirimbina Biological Reserve, La Virgen de Sarapiquí, Heredia, Costa Rica, pp. 683-702 in Check List 13 (5) on page 691, DOI: 10.15560/13.5.683
description: {"references": ["Regan CT (1908) A collection of freshwater fishes made by Mr C. F. Underwood in Costa Rica. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 2 (11): 455 - 464."]}
Precise QCD predictions on top quark pair production mediated by massive color octet vector boson at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Zhu, Hua Xing
name: Li, Chong Sheng
name: Shao, Ding Yu
name: Wang, Jian
name: Yuan, C. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical framework for systematically calculating next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD effects to various experimental observables in models with massive COVB in a model independent way at hadron colliders. Specifically, we show the numerical results for the NLO QCD corrections to total cross sections, invariant mass distribution and AFB of top quark pairs production mediated by a massive COVB in both the fixed scale (top quark mass) scheme and the dynamical scale (top pair invariant mass) scheme. Our results show that the NLO QCD calculations in the dynamical scale scheme is more reasonable than the fixed scheme and the naive estimate of the NLO effects by simple rescaling of the LO results with the SM NLO K-factor is not appropriate.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; version published in EPJC
title: Mitigating by-catch with spatial and temporal hotspot avoidance using patterns in discard mortality rate
Creators: name: Barkley, Adam
name: Cadrin, Steve
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Most stock assessment models assume a discard mortality rate of 100% because the actual rate is often unknown or is highly variable. By-catch reduction devices are useful in reducing the amount of unwanted by-catch, but conservation engineering solutions are limited for fisheries that discard large portions of a target species due to regulated trip limits. For example, the Southern New England flatfish fishery has a high discard rate of target species. We investigated reflex impairment as a proxy for discard mortality, and evaluated the sensitivity of stock assessments to different levels of discard mortality. Fishery observations were used to identify ‘hotspots’ of discard mortality to allow for spatial and temporal avoidance in the fisheries. Sensitivity analyses revealed that stock status can differ markedly when assuming different values of discard mortality. A research plan is described to identify areas and seasons of high discard mortality to help mitigate by-catch mortality
Temperature suitability for malaria climbing the Ethiopian Highlands
Creators: name: Lyon, Bradfield
name: Dinku, Tufa
name: Raman, Anita
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Malaria--Environmental aspects
Malaria--Transmission
Climatic changes
Atmospheric temperature--Measurement

description: While the effect of climate change on the prevalence of malaria in the highlands of Eastern Africa has been the topic of protracted debate, temperature is widely accepted as a fundamentally important environmental factor constraining its transmission. Air temperatures below approximately 18 °C and 15 °C, respectively, prohibit the development of the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax parasites responsible for the majority of malaria cases in Ethiopia. Low temperatures also impede the development rates of the Anopheles mosquito vectors. While locations of sufficiently high elevation have temperatures below these transmission thresholds, a fundamental question is how such temperature 'threshold elevations' are changing with time. A lack of high quality, high spatial resolution climate data has previously prohibited a rigorous investigation. Using a newly developed national temperature dataset for Ethiopia that combines numerous in-situ surface observations with downscaled reanalysis data, we here identify statistically significant increases in elevation for both the 18 °C and 15 °C thresholds in highland areas between 1981–2014. Substantial interannual and spatial variations in threshold elevations are identified, the former associated with the El Niño Southern-Oscillation and the latter with the complex climate of the region. The estimated population in locations with an upward trend in the 15 °C threshold elevation is approximately 6.5 million people (2.2 million for 18 °C). While not a direct prediction of the additional population made vulnerable to malaria through a shift to higher temperature, our results underscore a newly acquired ability to investigate climate variability and trends at fine spatial scales across Ethiopia, including changes in a fundamental constraint on malaria transmission in the Ethiopian Highlands.
Bending displacement capacity of elongated reinforced concrete columns
Creators: name: Chin, Helen Hau Ling
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The bending displacement capacity of elongated wall-like gravity-load columns subjected to lateral displacements due to earthquake demands on a high-rise building is of considerable concern. The long cross-sectional dimension makes these members much less flexible compared to square columns. Elongated gravity-load columns are popular because they can be hidden in walls and because they reduce the span of floor slabs, which means the thickness of the floor slabs can be reduced. No previous tests have been done on elongated gravity-load columns subjected to simulated earthquake loading. In the current study, five half-scale specimens including four column specimens and one wall specimen were subjected to constant axial compression and reverse cyclic lateral load to determine the displacement capacity of the members. The cross-sectional width-to-length ratios of the four columns were 1:1 (square), 1:2, 1:4, 1:8 and the wall specimen was 1:8. The load-deformation responses of the specimens were predicted using two nonlinear programs Response2000 and VecTor2, as well as hand calculation procedures. The predictions were used to design the test setup and were compared with the test results in order to better understand the significance of the test results. The predicted load capacities of all specimens were found to be similar to the observed maximum loads; but the displacement capacities of all specimens were significantly higher than predicted. Slip of the vertical reinforcing bars from the column foundations contributed to a large part of the increased displacement capacity of the columns. Only the elongated columns with a cross-sectional width-to-length ratios of 1:4 and 1:8 and the wall specimen suffered complete collapse during the test.
Credit Rating Agency Reform: A Review of Dodd-Frank Section 933(b)’s Effect (or Lack Thereof) Since Enactment
Creators: name: Guo, Carrie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Credit ratings
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Credit bureaus
subject: Class actions (Civil procedure)

description: Credit rating agencies have come under increased scrutiny since the global financial crisis of 2007–2008, and they have been recognized as holding a key gatekeeping role in the capital markets. As such, an entire subtitle of the comprehensive Dodd-Frank Act—Subtitle C of Title IX—is dedicated to rating agency reform. In particular, given the importance of private enforcement in the overall regulatory framework, the language of Section 933(b) is especially promising, as it relaxes the scienter requirement for complaints filed as part of private class action suits against rating agency defendants. Indeed, that section received specific attention immediately following the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act for its potential to effect reform. Using a framework of policy and economic considerations, this Note analyzes the theoretical effectiveness of Dodd-Frank Section 933(b) in comparison with its actual effect since enactment. The discussion explores potential explanations, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the legal system, for why the observed effect of the provision has thus far fallen short of expectations. The analysis suggests that rating agencies have reacted to Section 933(b) by adopting generic provisions in their respective codes of conduct stipulating compliance, greatly decreasing the efficacy of the provision in private securities litigation in light of pleadings standards that have become increasingly stringent over the past decade. The Note concludes by proposing potential solutions to this inefficacy.
Do SEC’s 10b5-1 Safe Harbor Rules Need To Be Rewritten?
Creators: name: Mavruk, Taylan
name: Seyhun, H. Nejat
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Insider trading in securities--Law and legislation--Criminal provisions
subject: Securities
subject: Securities industry--Government policy
subject: Economics

description: We examine the profitability of insider trading under SEC Rule 10b5-1 plans. The plans do work to prevent some informed trading. However, on average, insider trading under the safe harbor plans appears to be motivated by material non-public information. We propose some policy changes to tighten the rule and enable separation of informed and uninformed insider trading.
On the large-$t$ elastic scattering at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV
Creators: name: Troshin, S. M.
name: Tyurin, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss discrimination of the scattering mechanisms on the basis of functional dependencies of the large-$t$ elastic scattering suggested by the recent data from the TOTEM experiment. It is shown that Orear exponent is in a better agreement with the data than the power-like dependence used by the TOTEM. This implies that the collective dynamics is dominating over the point-like mechanism related to the scattering of the proton constituents.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, enlarged version
Holography for asymptotically locally Lifshitz spacetimes
Creators: name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a definition of asymptotically locally Lifshitz spacetimes, with boundary data appropriate for a non-relativistic theory on the boundary. Solutions satisfying these boundary conditions are constructed in an asymptotic expansion. We identify the boundary data with sources for dual field theory operators, and give a prescription for calculating the one-point functions of the field theory operators (including the stress tensor) in the presence of arbitrary sources. The divergences in these one-point functions can be cancelled by holographic renormalization, adding counterterms which are local functions of the boundary data.
description: 31 pages, no figures; v2: references added; v3: various typos corrected
TeV gamma rays from blazars beyond z=1?
Creators: name: Aharonian, Felix
name: Essey, Warren
name: Kusenko, Alexander
name: Prosekin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At TeV energies, the gamma-ray horizon of the universe is limited to redshifts z<<1, and, therefore, any observation of TeV radiation from a source located beyond z=1 would call for a revision of the standard paradigm. While robust observational evidence for TeV sources at redshifts z>1 is lacking at present, the growing number of TeV blazars with redshifts as large as z~0.5 suggests the possibility that the standard blazar models may have to be reconsidered. We show that TeV gamma rays can be observed even from a source at z>1, if the observed gamma rays are secondary photons produced in interactions of high-energy protons originating from the blazar jet and propagating over cosmological distances almost rectilinearly. This mechanism was initially proposed as a possible explanation for the TeV gamma rays observed from blazars with redshifts z~0.2, for which some other explanations were possible. For TeV gamma-ray radiation detected from a blazar with z>1, this model would provide the only viable interpretation consistent with conventional physics. It would also have far-reaching astronomical and cosmological ramifications. In particular, this interpretation would imply that extragalactic magnetic fields along the line of sight are very weak, in the range 0.01 < fG < 10 fG, assuming random fields with a correlation length of 1 Mpc, and that acceleration of E> 0.1 EeV protons in the jets of active galactic nuclei can be very effective.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
title: The effect of hook- and bait sizes on size selection of Cod, Haddock and Wolffish in longline fisheries
Creators: name: Ingólfsson, Ólafur Arnar
name: Einarsson, Haraldur Arnar
Publisher: name: ASC 2009 - Theme session M
Year: 2024
Subjects: Fisheries and aquaculture
Technologies and data

description: No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.This study demonstrates the effects of hook- and bait sizes on size selection of three commercial species, thereby bycatch of juvenile fish. The effects of hook and bait sizes on fishing efficiency and size composition of cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) and wolffish (Anarhichas lupus) were investigated in a designed experiment in the Icelandic longline fishery. Five hook sizes, EZ 10-14, and two bait sizes, ~10 and 30g, were compared. The bait was Saury (Cololabis saira). Bait sizes affect catch rates and size selection in longline fishery for haddock, cod and wolffish. Higher catch rates of haddock were obtained with small bait, but large bait caught cod and wolffish more effectively. The proportion of fish caught with large v.s. small bait increased significantly with fish size for all three species, and the relationship can be described by a sigmoid shaped curve. Smaller hooks result generally in higher catches, but there were interactions between bait- and hook sizes for cod and haddock; hook sizes affected size selection of cod when small baits were used and haddock selection when large baits were used. Proportions of catches of juvenile fish appear to be inversely related to fish abundance.