cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is it getting better? Animal welfare aspects in subsidised dairy and pig stables
Creators: name: Bergschmidt, Angela
name: Schrader, Lars
name: Bergschmidt, Angela
name: Schrader, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Farm Investment Support
subject: Rural Development Measure
subject: Animal Welfare

description: In Germany, many stables are constructed with subsidies from the Farm Investment Scheme (FIS), a measure of the EU Rural Development Programme. The FIS is considered to be “the most important measure for the promotion of investments into welfare friendly housing systems” by the Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection. We evaluated the effect of the FIS on animal welfare in dairy and pig farms, applying and adapting an environment based method. Information on animal housing conditions before and after the investments was gathered in a telephone survey carried out in 2007. The farms were selected in a random disproportional sample, stratified according to the federal states. The sample sizes amount to 18 % of the population of assisted dairy farms and 32 % of assisted fattening pig farms. The analysis shows that the FIS does not achieve important improvements in the behavioural aspect of animal welfare at the examined farm types. Although there are some meliorations in the dairy farms, these are mainly due to the abandonment of tethered-stalls. At the pig farms, restriction of animal behaviour is a much more severe problem, and the FIS can not account for any progress. Should the FIS strive for achievements in the field of animal welfare, expert based definitions of investments which really lead to improvements in animal welfare are a precondition. Additionally, the measure needs to be integrated into an approach involving tightened legislation, guidelines for welfare friendly housing systems, consumer information campaigns and possibly even compensation payments.
Should governments subsidize tuition at public universities? Assessing the benefits of tuition subsidies provided by the University of Minnesota and the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system.
Creators: name: Damon, Amy L.
name: Glewwe, Paul
name: Damon, Amy L.
name: Glewwe, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Chapter titles: Introduction; Higher education in Minnesota; Private benefits from a university education; Public benefits of university education-conceptual and practical issues; Distribution of private and public benefits; An assessment of the private and public benefits of subsidies of higher education in Minnesota; Conclusions and suggestions for further research; References.
The Impact of Economic Partnership Agreements on African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries Imports and Welfare
Creators: name: Morrissey, Oliver
name: Zgovu, Evious
name: Morrissey, Oliver
name: Zgovu, Evious
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EU-ACP
subject: Economic Partnership Agreement
subject: ACP Imports

description: This paper estimates the impact on a sample of 34 African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries of eliminating tariffs on imports from the EU under Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), considering trade, welfare and revenue effects. Even assuming ‘immediate’ complete elimination of all tariffs on imports from the EU, some two-thirds of ACP countries are likely to experience welfare gains; the ACP overall and the average ACP country gain. The overall welfare effect relative to GDP tends to be very small, whether positive or negative. While potential tariff revenue losses are non-negligible, given that countries have at least ten years in which to implement the tariff reductions, there is scope for tax substitution. An important issue is identifying the sensitive products (SPs) to be excluded from tariff reduction. We exclude products where ACP imports compete with the EU (as SPs have to be agreed at the regional ACP level). In general, excluding SPs on these criteria reduced the welfare gain (or increased the welfare loss) compared to estimates where no products are excluded. It remains the case that the ACP overall and on average gains, although only 13 countries (38%) experience a net gain in this scenario (but for another nine the net effect is zero or almost zero). This is to be expected as if ACP products are excluded as SPs the potential trade creation gains are reduced. However, as the exclusion criterion was products that are traded between ACP countries, these import losses would be offset by gains to ACP exporting countries. Perhaps the most surprising result is that even where EPAs imply a welfare loss (on imports), the losses are likely to be very small.
Increasing environmental sustainability by incorporating stakeholders' intensities of preferences into the policy formation
Creators: name: Zendehdel, Kamran
name: Rademaker, Michael
name: De Baets, Bernard
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Zendehdel, Kamran
name: Rademaker, Michael
name: De Baets, Bernard
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Sustainability
subject: stakeholder's preferences
subject: tractable decision making
subject: social support
subject: qualitative valuation

description: In this paper a tractable methodology is presented to improve environmental sustainability by incorporating stakeholders’ intensities of preferences into the decision making process. The environmental decision making will be controversial when there is a complex issue at hand. The difficulty comes up as stakeholders cannot see how their preferences are taken into account in the policy making process. To reduce this controversy, we propose a qualitative method to elicit stakeholders’ intensities of preferences towards a set of environmental services. Subsequently, the elicited intensities of preferences are aggregated by a mathematical approach on each single criterion. Finally, a multi-criteria approach is applied to use the aggregated values across all criteria to provide the analyst with a rank order of existing alternative plans. In this way, the stakeholders are able to verify that their opinion is taken into account, even if it is contrary to the majority voice. The natural resources manager will benefit from an increased insight into the prevalent opinion on each of the criteria through the supplied social intensities of preferences, enabling a more easily communicated justification of the final decision, and an augmented tractability of the decision making process.
Additional file 4 of The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence
Creators: name: Convie, L. J.
name: E. Carson
name: D. McCusker
name: R. S. McCain
name: N. McKinley
name: W. J. Campbell
name: S. J. Kirk
name: M. Clarke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4.
An accurate formula for the period of a simple pendulum oscillating beyond the small-angle regime
Creators: name: Lima, F M S
name: Arun, P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple approximation formula is derived here for the dependence of the period of a simple pendulum on amplitude that only requires a pocket calculator and furnishes an error of less than 0.25% with respect to the exact period. It is shown that this formula describes the increase of the pendulum period with amplitude better than other simple formulas found in literature. A good agreement with experimental data for a low air-resistance pendulum is also verified and it suggests, together with the current availability/precision of timers and detectors, that the proposed formula is useful for extending the pendulum experiment beyond the usual small-angle oscillations.
description: 15 pages and 4 figures. to appear in American Journal of Physics
Der Mittelmeerglaube in der altchristlichen Kunst und die Tatsachenwelt von Asien und Europa
Creators: name: Strzygowski, Josef
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 29 (1932): Oriens christianus, Band 29
Additional file 2 of Last Glacial Maximum led to community-wide population expansion in a montane songbird radiation in highland Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Kritika M. Garg
name: Balaji Chattopadhyay
name: Koane, Bonny
name: Sam, Katerina
name: Rheindt, Frank E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 2 Figure S2. Selection of best K for Structure analysis following Evanno et al.’s [24] method; A) Aethomyias perspicillatus, B) Aethomyias papuensis, and C) Sericornis nouhuysi.
In Search of a Breakthrough for the Korea-EU FTA Negotiations
Creators: name: Lee, Yong-Kee
name: Song, Joo Ho
name: Lee, Yong-Kee
name: Song, Joo Ho
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Korea-EU FTA
subject: Agricultural Trade
subject: Trade Diversion Effects

description: The purpose of this paper is to seek a breakthrough for the Korea-EU FTA negotiation in agriculture which started last year, but has not made much progress yet. The EU has been asking Korea to open its agricultural market to the same extent that was agreed upon in Korea’s free trade agreement with the U.S. while the Korean government firmly opposes the EU’s request, saying that FTA negotiations differ from multilateral trade talks as in the WTO. An examination of agricultural trade among Korea, the EU, and the U.S. shows that there may be many niche markets of which the EU can take advantage over other agricultural exporting countries including the U.S. Also, it is expected that the EU could gain much from its agricultural trade with Korea through an FTA, even without a market access level equal to one stipulated in the Korea-U.S. FTA accord. As far as agriculture is concerned, the slower does the talk proceed, the better to Korea, with the EU losing huge expected trade gains. It is suggested that the EU needs to be more flexible in the talks by focusing on a new strategy that can maximize trade diversion effects stemming not only from price but from non-price factors, rather than simply asking for the same level of market opening as in Korea-U.S. FTA. This would be the better way for the EU to become a winner in the battle for Korean agricultural market.
Nanofilm Materials for Devices of Magnetic Field Measurement in Radiation Environment
Creators: name: Bolshakova, I.
name: Horelkin, P.
name: Kost, Ya.
name: Moroz, A.
name: Mykhashchuk, Y.
name: Radishevskiy, M.
name: Shurigin, F.
name: Vasyliev, O.
name: Pavlyk, B.
name: Kuech, T.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Otto, M.
name: Neumaier, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The prospects of using nanofilms of indium-containing III-V semiconductors, gold and single-layer graphene in magnetic field sensors, intended for application in radiation environment were evaluated on the results of testing in neutron fluxes. Semiconductor sensors are capable of withstanding radiation levels typical for the ITER-type fusion reactors, while gold sensors are stable even under environment expected in the first fusion power plant DEMO. Graphene is promising for creating sensors that combine high magnetic field sensitivity and high irradiation resistance.
The influence of Gribov copies on the gluon and ghost propagator
Creators: name: Sternbeck, A.
name: Ilgenfritz, E. -M.
name: Mueller-Preussker, M.
name: Schiller, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dependence of the gluon and ghost propagator in pure SU(3) gauge theory on the choice of Gribov copies in Landau gauge is studied. Simulations were performed on several lattice sizes at $β$=5.8, 6.0 and 6.2. In the infrared region the ghost propagator turns out to depend on the choice, while the impact on the gluon propagator is not resolvable. Also the eigenvalue distribution of the Faddeev-Popov operator is sensitive to Gribov copies.
description: Talk presented at Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VI, Villasimius, Sardinia, Italy, September 21-25, 2004, 3 pages, 2 figures
Myrsidea simplex Ansari 1956
Creators: name: Naz, Saima
name: Najer, Tomas
name: Gustafsson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Phthiraptera
Menoponidae
Myrsidea
Myrsidea simplex

description: Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956
 Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956f: 168, figs 5a–e.
 Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956k: 61. Junior primary homonym.
 Current status: Myrsidea simplex Ansari, 1956f.
 Type host: Catharus fuscater mentalis Sclater & Salvin.
 Type locality: Oconeque [as Oconegur], Peru.
 Type material: Holotype male [slide 68003] deposited in the USNM, from the Carriker collection [slide 3301]. In addition, Ansari (1956f: 170) listed an allotype female and paratype females from the Carriker collection, but their location is unknown.
description: Published as part of Naz, Saima, Najer, Tomas & Gustafsson, Daniel R., 2020, An annotated list of the species of lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) described by Mohammad A. - R. Ansari, pp. 401-448 in Zootaxa 4809 (3) on page 413, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3936752
Results from K2K and status of T2K
Creators: name: Oyama, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results from the K2K experiment and status of the T2K experiment are reported.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. Talk at International Conference on New Trends in High-Energy Physics (Crimea2005), Yalta, Ukraine, September 10-17, 2005
India Agricultural Policy Review
Creators: name: Gilmour, Brad
name: Gurung, Rajendra Kumar
name: Gilmour, Brad
name: Gurung, Rajendra Kumar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: India
subject: economic growth
subject: agricultural policy
subject: water scarcity
subject: market regulations
subject: agriculture
subject: water

description: With a population of about 1.1 billion, India is expected to overtake China as the world's most populous country by 2030. India's economy ranks as Asia's third largest, after Japan and China, and is now one of the world's fastest growing. While growth has led to significant reductions in poverty, India still ranks among the world's low income countries in terms of income per capita. Nevertheless, economic growth has resulted in a burgeoning middle-class. India's agriculture sector accounts for 18% of GDP, and employs around 60% of the workforce. Rice, wheat, cotton, oilseeds, jute, tea, sugarcane, milk and potatoes are India's major agricultural commodities. With its growing urban middle-class and increasing influence in global affairs, India's policies have important implications not only for its own economic development but also for global agricultural markets and trade. This note first reviews India's macro reforms, followed by discussion of the competitiveness of Indian agriculture. The evolution of India's major agricultural policies is then described, and new policy directions and emerging challenges are discussed. The note closes with some of the prospects for India's agri-food.
A Portable In-Ear Pulse Wave Measurement System
Creators: name: Kusche, Roman
name: Malhotra, Ankit
name: Ryschka, Martin
name: Kaufmann, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The measurement of the pulse wave has proven to be a vital tool in medical diagnosis. Whereby most pulse wave measurements are carried out at extremities, this work proposes a system for measuring the pulse wave and the Pulse Arrival Time (PAT) in the interior of the ear. The developed measurement device is based on a battery powered microcontroller system. The measurement device simultaneously acquires an Einthoven Lead II Electrocardiogram (ECG), a dual wavelength Photoplethysmogram (PPG), the pressure in both ears, the temperature inside the ear canal, as well as the subject's motion. The acquired measurement data can either be saved on a micro SD-card or can be transmitted wireless via Bluetooth or wired via USB to a host PC for further analysis. Battery powered the device can operate up to 8 hours. In addition to the system description, first measurements carried out with the system will be presented.
Dawning of a New Age ? Replication Practices and Journal Data Policies
Creators: name: Saam, Marianne
name: Grunow, Martina
name: Vlaeminck, Sven
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: reproducibility
replication
economics
journals
data policies
data journal

description: These are the slides of a presentation given by Prof. Marianne Saam at the workshop "Reproducibility of Scientific Results" organized by Banco de Portugal on December 15, 2021. Agenda:
 1.Benefits and Obstacles of Replications
 2.Economics in a Replication Crisis?
 3.Data Policies of Economics Journals
 4.Different Ways Forward
description: {"references": ["Chang, A. C., & Li, P. (2015). Is Economics Research Replicable? Sixty Published Papers from Thirteen Journals Say \"Usually Not\". Finance and Economics Discussion Series, 2015(83), 1\u201326. https://doi.org/10.17016/FEDS.2015.083", "Mueller-Langer, Frank; Fecher, Benedikt; Harhoff, Dietmar; Wagner, GertG. (2017) : The Economics of Replication, IZA Discussion Papers, No. 10533, Institute of LaborEconomics (IZA), Bonn, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/161156", "Reed, W. Robert (2017) : Replication in labor economics, IZA World of Labor, ISSN 2054-9571, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA), Bonn, Iss. 413, http://dx.doi.org/10.15185/izawol.413", "Vlaeminck, S. (2021). Dawning of a new age? Economics journals' data policies on the test bench. LIBER Quarterly: The Journal of the Association of European Research Libraries , 31 (1), 1 29. https://doi.org/10.53377/lq.10940"]}
The World Food Crisis: Causes and Implications for Ontario Agriculture
Creators: name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Hailu, Getu
name: Fox, Glenn
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Von Massow, Mike
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Hailu, Getu
name: Fox, Glenn
name: Meilke, Karl D.
name: Von Massow, Mike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: food prices
subject: crop prices
subject: stock levels

description: The upheaval in the global food market involving the dramatic increases in crop prices and riots prompted by unaffordable food to many of the world’ s poorest has placed agriculture back in the public eye. Questions are being raised surrounding what has happened, why, and what can be done. This report has provided an overview of the food crisis and its potential impact on agri-food sector in Ontario. The boom in crop prices is primarily related to demand side factors rather than a supply-side shock from a production shortfall that were behind previous price spikes. There have been some supply side shifts: weather-related shortfalls occurred in the last two crop years, especially for wheat, yield increases are falling due to lagging research and development, and some countries implemented export restrictions. However, the primary push upward is due to structural shifts in demand from growing economies and biofuels (which will continue to grow albeit limited to some extent by the rising prices). Speculative activity has likely contributed to the sudden nature of the increase in price and to a bubble at the top of the market, but does not alter the fundamental demand and supply trends that have created the declining stocks. Supply cannot adjust immediately due to the annual nature of crop production, so stock levels will continue to be under pressure and crop prices supported for the next several years. The effect of higher crop prices on food prices depends on the share of the food dollar going to the farmer and the share of disposable income spent on food. These shares are large for poor households in developing countries but small for most Canadian consumers. There is a distinction between crop price and food price in Canada. Consequently, domestic food inflation will not be driven by rising crop prices but rather pushed be energy prices which will drive general price inflation.
Ultra Wideband Impulse Radio Systems with Multiple Pulse Types
Creators: name: Gezici, Sinan
name: Sahinoglu, Zafer
name: Kobayashi, Hisashi
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In an ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) system, a number of pulses, each transmitted in an interval called a "frame", is employed to represent one information symbol. Conventionally, a single type of UWB pulse is used in all frames of all users. In this paper, IR systems with multiple types of UWB pulses are considered, where different types of pulses can be used in different frames by different users. Both stored-reference (SR) and transmitted-reference (TR) systems are considered. First, the spectral properties of a multi-pulse IR system with polarity randomization is investigated. It is shown that the average power spectral density is the average of the spectral contents of different pulse shapes. Then, approximate closed-form expressions for the bit error probability of a multi-pulse SR-IR system are derived for RAKE receivers in asynchronous multiuser environments. The effects of both inter-frame interference (IFI) and multiple-access interference (MAI) are analyzed. The theoretical and simulation results indicate that SR-IR systems that are more robust against IFI and MAI than a "conventional" SR-IR system can be designed with multiple types of ultra-wideband pulses. Finally, extensions to multi-pulse TR-IR systems are briefly described.
description: To appear in the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications - Special Issue on Ultrawideband Wireless Communications: Theory and Applications
Mexico Agriculture Policy Review
Creators: name: Cahill, Carmel
name: Jotanovic, Aleksandar
name: Abraham, Cally
name: Cahill, Carmel
name: Jotanovic, Aleksandar
name: Abraham, Cally
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Mexico
subject: agricultural policy
subject: liberalization
subject: resource governance
subject: infrastructure
subject: subsistence

description: As a NAFTA partner and Canada's third largest export market for agri-food products, developments in Mexico are of direct interest to Canada. Rural poverty, low productivity, poor infrastructure and unclear property rights for both land and water still inhibit the efforts of Mexico's government to improve competitiveness of its agricultural sector.
Die äthiopische Überlieferung der Abhandlung des Evagrius
Creators: name: Spies, Otto
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 29 (1932): Oriens christianus, Band 29
Enhancing the Adhesion of Graphene to Polymer Substrates by Controlled Defect Formation
Creators: name: Anagnostopoulos, George
name: Sygellou, Labrini
name: Paterakis, George
name: Polyzos, Ioannis
name: Aggelopoulos, Christos A.
name: Galiotis, Costas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanical integrity of composite materials depends primarily on the interface strength and the defect density of the reinforcement which is the provider of enhanced strength and stiffness. In the case of graphene/ polymer nanocomposites which are characterized by an extremely large interface region, any defects in the inclusion (such as folds, cracks, holes etc.) will have a detrimental effect to the internal strain distribution and the resulting mechanical performance. This conventional wisdom, however, can be challenged if the defect size is reduced beyond the critical size for crack formation to the level of atomic vacancies. In that case, there should be no practical effect on crack propagation and depending on the nature of the vacancies the interface strength may be in fact increase. In this work we employed argon ion (Ar+) bombardment and subsequent exposure to hydrogen (H2) to induce (as revealed by X-ray & Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) and Raman spectroscopy) passivated atomic single vacancies to CVD graphene. The modified graphene was subsequently transferred to PMMA bars and the morphology, wettability and the interface adhesion of the CVD graphene/PMMA system were investigated with Atomic Force Microscopy technique and Raman analysis. The results obtained showed clearly an overall improved mechanical behavior of graphene/polymer interface, since an increase as well a more uniform shift distribution with strain is observed. This paves the way for interface engineering in graphene/polymer systems which, in pristine condition, suffer from premature graphene slippage and subsequent failure.
Additional file 2 of The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence
Creators: name: Convie, L. J.
name: E. Carson
name: D. McCusker
name: R. S. McCain
name: N. McKinley
name: W. J. Campbell
name: S. J. Kirk
name: M. Clarke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
La hierarchie et l’adaptation : comparaison entre Yvain et Ywain and Gawain
Creators: name: McKie, Shannon A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: When comparing Ywain and Gawain with its source, Chretien de Troyes' Yvain. many critics concentrate on the dramatic omissions and reductions made by the anonymous English adapter. However, the more subtle differences between the two Arthurian romances also deserve attention. Since the goal of medieval adapters of secular texts was to rethink and reinvent their sources, these changes could reveal further aspects of the originality of Ywain and Gawain. which is generally considered a sophisticated work in its own right. With this study, I hope to demonstrate that some of the differences in the Middle English adaptation may signify an effort on the part of the adapter to present his own vision of society and hierarchy. While it is not possible to situate all the characters on a social scale, the probable hierarchical relation between many of them can be established based on their lineage, tide or social position. The present analysis examines modifications in the interaction between some of these characters—due to the limits of this study, I treat only the cases where at least one female character is concerned—and the role of hierarchical submission. I explore examples from two perspectives: that of the characters of lower rank, whose subordination to social superiors is a basic element of social order, and that of the characters of higher rank, whose standing implies both their own authority and the submission of their inferiors. I found that the English poet diminished or omitted many examples that do not respect hierarchy in Yvain. creating the impression of a more hierarchical society in the adaptation. That overall impression is not changed by the fact that the adapter also introduced or amplified other exceptions to the hierarchy, for they are not of an extreme nature and occur only in a limited context. In fact, these additions seem to follow a logical pattern as well, presenting the image of a society in which rank and power are linked. Consequently, they too may be interpreted as part of a coherently modified version of society and hierarchy created by the author of Ywain and Gawain.
Russia Agriculture Policy Review
Creators: name: Melyukhina, Olga
name: Tanguay, Luc
name: Vaughan, Odette
name: Jotanovic, Aleksandar
name: Melyukhina, Olga
name: Tanguay, Luc
name: Vaughan, Odette
name: Jotanovic, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Russia
subject: agricultural policy
subject: regionalization
subject: ruble
subject: energy demand
subject: transparency

description: In recent years, as a result of a strong demand for energy and other natural resources, Russia's economy has experienced impressive growth. Russia's re-emergence as a political and, particularly, economic power have allowed it to increase policy support to its agricultural sector. Russia's size, improving prospects, and growing policy support make developments in its agricultural sector of interest to Canada.
Finding Missing Markets (and a disturbing epilogue): Evidence from an Export Crop Adoption and Marketing Intervention in Kenya
Creators: name: Ashraf, Nava
name: Gine, Xavier
name: Karlan, Dean S.
name: Ashraf, Nava
name: Gine, Xavier
name: Karlan, Dean S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Field Experiment
subject: Export Crop
subject: Food Safety Standards

description: In much of the developing world, many farmers grow crops for local or personal consumption despite export options which appear to be more profitable. Thus many conjecture that one or several markets are missing. We report here on a randomized controlled trial conducted by DrumNet in Kenya that attempts to help farmers adopt and market export crops. DrumNet provides smallholder farmers with information about how to switch to export crops, makes in-kind loans for the purchase of the agricultural inputs, and provides marketing services by facilitating the transaction with exporters. The experimental evaluation design randomly assigns pre-existing farmer self-help groups to one of three groups: (1) a treatment group that receives all DrumNet services, (2) a treatment group that receives all DrumNet services except credit, or (3) a control group. After one year, DrumNet services led to an increase in production of export oriented crops and lower marketing costs; this translated into household income gains for new adopters. However, one year after the study ended, the exporter refused to continue buying the cash crops from the farmers because the conditions of the farms did not satisfy European export requirements. DrumNet collapsed in this region as farmers were forced to sell to middlemen and defaulted on their loans. The risk of such events may explain, at least partly, why many seemingly more profitable export crops are not adopted.
SARS oubreaks in Ontario, Hong Kong and Singapore: the role of diagnosis and isolation as a control mechanism
Creators: name: Chowell, Gerardo
name: Fenimore, Paul W.
name: Castillo-Garsow, Melissa A.
name: Castillo-Chavez, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this article we use global and regional data from the SARS epidemic in conjunction with a model of susceptible, exposed, infective, diagnosed, and recovered classes of people (``SEIJR'') to extract average properties and rate constants for those populations. The model is fitted to data from the Ontario (Toronto) in Canada, Hong Kong in China and Singapore outbreaks and predictions are made based on various assumptions and observations, including the current effect of isolating individuals diagnosed with SARS. The epidemic dynamics for Hong Kong and Singapore appear to be different from the dynamics in Toronto, Ontario. Toronto shows a very rapid increase in the number of cases between March 31st and April 6th, followed by a {\it significant} slowing in the number of new cases. We explain this as the result of an increase in the diagnostic rate and in the effectiveness of patient isolation after March 26th. Our best estimates are consistent with SARS eventually being contained in Toronto, although the time of containment is sensitive to the parameters in our model. It is shown that despite the empirically modeled heterogeneity in transmission, SARS' average reproductive number is 1.2, a value quite similar to that computed for some strains of influenza \cite{CC2}. Although it would not be surprising to see levels of SARS infection higher than ten per cent in some regions of the world (if unchecked), lack of data and the observed heterogeneity and sensitivity of parameters prevent us from predicting the long-term impact of SARS.
description: 16 pages, 3 tables, 4 figures
Additional file 3 of The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence
Creators: name: Convie, L. J.
name: E. Carson
name: D. McCusker
name: R. S. McCain
name: N. McKinley
name: W. J. Campbell
name: S. J. Kirk
name: M. Clarke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Re-investing in America's Infrastructure: Will it be Easy to be Green?
Creators: name: Runge, C. Ford
name: Runge, C. Ford
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Public Economics

description: President-elect Obama has proposed major spending to revitalize America’s infrastructure. But how? First, where we have gone and where we are is the result of an historical co-evolution of public transportation infrastructure and private economic investment. Where we need to go is toward more efficient modes of transport that economize on fuel and energy use and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But how we get there is bounded to a significant degree by this past and present: what economists call “path-dependency.” Second, the historical evolution of public infrastructure has been important to the U.S. economy not simply because it supplemented private sector investments, but because the public investments raised private rates of return over time. National highways and bridges have made possible a shift in the carrying costs of inventory, one consequence of which has been to improve efficiencies in the delivery and availability of consumer goods. As more efficiencies in the use of scarce energy are sought economy-wide, business will be forced to find concentrations of activity along the nodes of supply chains that are more efficient. These adjustments can be facilitated by public infrastructure investments allowing for flexibility in intermodal transport activity, which can be a key aspect of the new administration’s national energy strategy. This brief discussion is divided into three parts: (1) the economics of infrastructure and its relationship to just-in-time inventory management; (2) an example drawn from the food industry case of fresh fruits and vegetables; (3) recommendations for a public investment strategy that maximizes the opportunities for efficiencies along the supply chain, thus conserving energy.
Die christlichen Denkmäler im Gotengebiet der Krim
Creators: name: Sauer, Joseph
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 29 (1932): Oriens christianus, Band 29
Some symmetry classifications of hyperbolic vector evolution equations
Creators: name: Anco, Stephen C.
name: Wolf, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent work on integrable flows of curves and 1+1 dimensional sigma models, several O(N)-invariant classes of hyperbolic equations $u_{tx} =f(u,u_t,u_x)$ for an $N$-component vector $u(t,x)$ are considered. In each class we find all scaling-homogeneous equations admitting a higher symmetry of least possible scaling weight. Sigma model interpretations of these equations are presented.
description: Revision of published version, incorporating errata on geometric aspects of the sigma model interpretations in the case of homogeneous spaces
Non-Associated Flow Rule-Based Elasto-Viscoplastic Model for Clay
Creators: name: Islam, Mohammad
name: Gnanendran, Carthigesu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a non-associated flow rule (NAFR) based elasto-viscoplastic (EVP) model for isotropic clays. For the model formulation, we introduce the critical state soil mechanics theory (CSSMT), the bounding surface theory and Perzyna's overstress theory. The NAFR based EVP model comprises three surfaces: the potential surface, the reference surface and the loading surface. Additionally, in the model formulation, assuming the potential surface and the reference surface are identical, we obtain the associated flow rule-based EVP model. Both EVP models require seven parameters and five of them are identical to the Modified Cam Clay model. The other two parameters are the surface shape parameter and the secondary compression index. Moreover, we introduce the shape parameter in the model formulation to control the surface shape and to account for the overconsolidation state of clay. Additionally, we incorporate the secondary compression index to introduce the viscosity of clay. Also, we validate the EVP model performances for the Shanghai clay,the San Francisco Bay Mud (SFBM) clay and the Kaolin clay. Furthermore, we use the EVP models to predict the long-term field monitoring measurement of the Nerang Broadbeach roadway embankment in Australia. From the comparison of model predictions, we find that the non-associated flow rule EVP model captures well a wide range of experimental results and field monitoring embankment data. Furthermore, we also observe that the natural clay exhibits the flow rule effect more compared to the reconstituted clay.
Additional file 1 of Last Glacial Maximum led to community-wide population expansion in a montane songbird radiation in highland Papua New Guinea
Creators: name: Kritika M. Garg
name: Balaji Chattopadhyay
name: Koane, Bonny
name: Sam, Katerina
name: Rheindt, Frank E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Additional file 1 Figure S1. A) Phylogenomic analysis of a concatenated alignment of 1040 genomic loci totaling 142,631 bp using RAxML, with asterisks indicating nodal bootstrap support values equal to or above 85 for key nodes; B) haplotype network using the TCS method as implemented in PopArt based on 313 bp of the COI gene.
Additional file 1 of The patient and clinician experience of informed consent for surgery: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence
Creators: name: Convie, L. J.
name: E. Carson
name: D. McCusker
name: R. S. McCain
name: N. McKinley
name: W. J. Campbell
name: S. J. Kirk
name: M. Clarke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
ADOPTION OF MAIZE AND WHEAT TECHNOLOGIES IN EASTERN AFRICA: A SYNTHESIS OF THE FINDINGS OF 22 CASE STUDIES
Creators: name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: Mwangi, Wilfred
name: Verkuijl, Hugo
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: Mwangi, Wilfred
name: Verkuijl, Hugo
name: De Groote, Hugo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Maize
subject: Wheat
subject: Innovation adoption
subject: Technology transfer
subject: Plant Breeding
subject: Small farms
subject: Case studies
subject: Fertilizers
subject: Private sector
subject: Nongovernmental organizations
subject: Research institutions
subject: International organizations
subject: Kenya
subject: Tanzania
subject: Uganda

description: This paper synthesizes the findings of 22 micro-level studies on technology adoption carried out by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) with national agricultural research systems in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda from 1996-1999. The authors found that technology adoption is taking place across Eastern Africa but considerable scope remains to improve the productivity of smallholder agriculture in higher potential regions with high levels of adoption. Extension was the variable most highly correlated with technology adoption, and extension services continue to play an important role in disseminating information on new varieties and how to manage them. Despite the usefulness of the micro-study results, especially for priority setting and impact assessment, future adoption studies can be improved by standardizing definitions across studies and using sampling techniques that allow results to be generalized across wider areas. Finally, the paper suggests that maize and wheat breeding research should be made more relevant to the preferences and circumstances of farmers, that the link between research and extension should be strengthened and include the private sector and non-governmental organizations, that policies should support the development and expansion of efficient markets for inputs and outputs, and that rural credit systems should be strengthened.
Option Pricing in Markets with Informed Traders
Creators: name: Hu, Yuan
name: Shirvani, Abootaleb
name: Stoyanov, Stoyan
name: Kim, Young Shin
name: Fabozzi, Frank J.
name: Rachev, Svetlozar T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The objective of this paper is to introduce the theory of option pricing for markets with informed traders within the framework of dynamic asset pricing theory. We introduce new models for option pricing for informed traders in complete markets where we consider traders with information on the stock price direction and stock return mean. The Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing theory is extended for markets with informed traders, where price processes are following continuous-diffusions. By doing so, the discontinuity puzzle in option pricing is resolved. Using market option data, we estimate the implied surface of the probability for a stock upturn, the implied mean stock return surface, and implied trader information intensity surface.
description: This paper is forthcoming in the Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance and has corrections to the preprint posted on the journal's web site
IDENTIFYING APPROPRIATE GERMPLASM FOR PARTICIPATORY BREEDING: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE CENTRAL VALLEYS OF OAXACA, MEXICO
Creators: name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Aguirre, Alfonso
name: Taba, Suketoshi
name: Aragon, Flavio
name: Diaz, Jaime
name: Castro, Humberto
name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Aguirre, Alfonso
name: Taba, Suketoshi
name: Aragon, Flavio
name: Diaz, Jaime
name: Castro, Humberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Mexico
subject: Oaxaca
subject: Maize
subject: Zea mays
subject: Land race
subject: Germplasm conservation
subject: Plant breeding
subject: Selecting
subject: Innovation adoption
subject: Social welfare
subject: Welfare economics
subject: On farm research
subject: Participatory research

description: Identifying the appropriate germplasm to be improved is a key component of any participatory breeding effort because of its implications for impacts on social welfare and genetic diversity. This paper describes a method developed to select a subset of 17 populations for a participatory breeding project from a set of 152 maize landraces. The larger set of landraces was collected in order to characterize, for conservation purposes, the maize diversity present in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The method combines data representing the perspectives of both men and women members of farm households and those of genetic resources specialists, including professional plant breeders, gene bank managers, and social scientists. The different perspectives complement each other. The results show that when the choice of germplasm is based only on the perspective of genetic resources specialists, traits and materials that are important to farm households may be ignored. Such selections may be less valuable to farmers, limiting the impact of the participatory breeding effort on their livelihoods. However, the findings also indicate that relying solely on the perspectives of farm households may lead to lower diversity. Choosing populations based solely on either perspective involves a social cost-either in terms of diversity or in terms of farmer welfare. Although our approach has limitations, many of which are common to participatory research, it represents a systematic method for meeting one of the important challenges of participatory plant breeding.
An Analysis of the EQIP program for Lesser Prairie Chickens in the Northern Texas Panhandle
Creators: name: Jones, DeDe
name: Gueck, Nicole
name: Warminski, Patrick L.
name: Jones, DeDe
name: Gueck, Nicole
name: Warminski, Patrick L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Prairie Chicken
subject: FARM Assistance
subject: EQIP

description: The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) for the Lesser Prairie Chicken provides monetary compensation to agricultural producers for species habitat development. The advantages and disadvantages of program enrollment, as well as the overall economic impact are evaluated for a typical ranch operation in the Northern Texas Panhandle from 2009-2013.
GUIDE FOR PROGRAM EVALUATION
Creators: name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Suttles, Joseph
name: Roucan-Kane, Maud
name: Suttles, Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: extension program
subject: evaluation
subject: LOGIC

description: Extension programs must be evaluated in order to assess their value to participants, institutions, funders, and all other stakeholders. Evaluations can be especially useful when the program has specific objectives that are measurable, either qualitatively and quantitatively. There are many different methods and formats for evaluation, and choosing the correct evaluation can be critical to ensuring the accuracy and relevance of the evaluation results. Considerable thought must be put into determining the correct method for an evaluation, and they must always be focused on the specific objectives of the extension program. After administering an evaluation, the results should be communicated back to the stakeholders of the program in an effective manner and, after some deliberation, the program should be considered for alteration if deemed necessary. This paper aims to be a ‘how-to’ guide for development, administration, and appraisal of evaluations and evaluation results for a broad spectrum of extension programs.