Pulvinaria enkianthi Takahashi 1955
Creators: name: Tanaka, Hirotaka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Coccidae
Pulvinaria
Pulvinaria enkianthi

description: Pulvinaria enkianthi Takahashi, 1955
(Fig. 2)
Pulvinaria enkianthi Takahashi, 1955: 151; Kawai, 1972: 15; Kawai, 1980: 154; Kozár & Walter, 1985: 78; Tang, 1991: 257; Ben-Dov, 1993: 258.
Material examined. Lectotype (here designated). JAPAN: Tokyo, 30.iv.1952, on Enkianthus sp., coll. R. Takahashi, 1 adult female on a slide with 2 paralectotypes in poor condition; the lectotype is the individual on the lower right (SEHU).
Other material. JAPAN: Yokohama, 21.iv.1953, on Enkianthus sp., coll. K. Sato, 4 adult females together on 1 slide (SEHU). Iwate Prefecture, Morioka, 11.v.2003, on Enkianthus perulatus, coll. H. Tanaka, 4 adult females mounted singly on four slides (EUMJ).
Redescription. Live appearance: adult female elongate oval, slightly convex. Dorsum brown to dark brown, with abundant granular white wax and a longitudinal narrow stripe devoid of wax even in individuals before oviposition. Ovisac short, 2–4 times as long as body; posterior of body not strongly lifted by ovisac.
Slide-mounted adult female (n=9, based on the lectotype, 4 non-type specimens in SEHU and 4 non-type specimens in EUMJ): body elongate oval, 2.9 (2.5–2.9) mm long, ca.2.0 (1.5–2.5) mm wide, margin with shallow indentation at each stigmatic cleft; anal cleft about 1/6 (1/5–1/7) body length.
Dorsum. Derm membranous but dermal areolations well developed. Dorsal setae spiniform, frequent, scattered over entire dorsum, each 5–7 (5–8) µm long with a well-developed basal socket. Preopercular pores oval to circular, small, each 2–3 (2–4) µm in diameter, 6 (6–10) present anterior to anal plates. Dorsal tubular ducts and microducts frequent throughout, associated with each areolation. Dorsal tubercles absent. Anal plates together quadrate; each plate 122–125 (122–135) µm long, 56–62 (56–75) µm wide, with a well-developed supporting bar, a slightly convex posterolateral margin and 4 apical setae. Ano-genital fold with 2 pairs of setae along anterior margin and 1 or 2 pairs laterally. Anal ring bearing 6 setae. Eyespots sometimes present near body margin.
Margin. Marginal setae with well-developed basal sockets and simple pointed apices; length of each seta 18–51 (11–54) µm, each side with 13–14 (11–17) setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts. Stigmatic clefts shallow, each with 2 or 3 (mostly 3) stigmatic spines, median spine longest, 80–92 (70–103) µm long, about 2–3 times as long as a lateral spine.
Venter. Derm membranous. Multilocular pores each 6–8 (5–8) µm wide, with 6–8 (4–8) (mostly 6–7) loculi, present around genital opening and on medial areas of preceding 3 or 4 abdominal segments; a small group occasionally present lateral to each coxa. Spiracular pores each 4–5 (3–6) µm wide, mostly each with 5–6 (5–7) loculi, present in rather narrow bands 1–4 (1–4) pores wide between margin and each spiracle; anterior bands each containing 36–38 (18–38) pores, posterior bands each with 60 (33–60) pores. Microducts scattered throughout venter. Tubular ducts of three types: type I with large outer ductule, a stout inner ductule and a well-developed flower-shaped terminal gland, present in posterior medial area of head, medial area of all thoracic segments and anterior abdominal segments and also in inner submarginal area extending from near anterior abdominal segments to prothoracic segments; type II tubular ducts each with rather small outer ductule and a shallow cup-shaped invagination leading to a narrower inner ductule with a well-developed terminal gland, mostly occurring in medial area of posterior abdominal segments and inner submarginal area of abdominal segments; and type III ducts similar to type II, but with a short, filamentous inner ductule and very small terminal gland, present in submarginal band from area near anal clefts to area just posterior to metathoracic spiracular pore band (i.e., absent from head and anterior thoracic segments), intermixed with type I and type II ducts in inner submarginal area. Posterior 3 abdominal segments each with 1 pair of long ventral setae present on medial area. With 3 (2–3) pairs of long setae present between antennae, and 1 (rarely 2) pair of long setae usually present on area mesad of each procoxa; other setae short and fine, distributed over entire venter. Spiracles normal; peritreme widths: anterior 49–51(40–55) µm, posterior 62 (49–65) µm. Legs well developed, each with a completely articulated tibio-tarsal joint and an articulatory sclerosis; claw without a denticle; both claw digitules rather broad and slightly shorter than thin tarsal digitules. Hind trochanter + femur 290–310 (240–310) µm long, hind tibia 158–170 (129–170) µm long, and hind tarsus 80–82 (57–89) µm long. Antennae 8- (7- or 8-)segmented (usually 7), each 404 (356–404) µm long. Labium 60 (50–96) µm long, 120 (68–122) µm wide.
Host plants. Ericaceae: Enkianthus perulatus (Takahashi 1955; Kawaii 1972; Kawai 1980), E. campanulatus (Kawai 1980) and E. subsessilis (Kawai 1980); Theaceae: Stewartia pseudocamellia (Kawai 1972; Kawai 1980) and S. monadelpha (Kawai 1980).
Distribution. Japan: Chiba Prefecture (Kawai 1980), Kanagawa Prefecture (Kawai 1980), Kyoto Prefecture (Kawai 1980), Tochigi Prefecture (Kawai 1980), Tokyo (Takahashi 1955; Kawai 1980), Iwate Prefecture.
Remarks. Pulvinaria enkianthi resembles P. aonoae Tanaka & Amano, 2004 in the distribution of type III ventral tubular ducts, the shape of the marginal setae, and the numbers of loculi in each multilocular pore. However, it differs from P. aonoae in having well-developed dermal areolations on the dorsum and more frequent dorsal tubular ducts. Important diagnostic morphological character states of this species and a comparison between them and those of the type species of the genus, P. vitis (Linnaeus, 1758), are summarized in Table 1.
The adult female morphology of P. enkianthi described here agrees well with the original description by Takahashi (1955). However, the present description differs slightly from that of Takahashi (1955) as follows (character states of the original description in parenthesis): (i) spiracular disc pores between each spiracle and stigmatic cleft numbering 18–60 (40 to over 50 in each band), (ii) marginal setae on each side between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts numbering 11–17 (15–17), (iii) preopercular pores numbering 6–10 (referred as dorsal minute median pores, 15 at most in each individual), (iv) marginal setae 11–54 µm long (27–50 µm) and (v) body length 2.5–2.9 mm long (4 mm long). These morphological discrepancies are probably due to the morphological variation in the species or the quality of the microscope.
description: Published as part of Tanaka, Hirotaka, 2020, Redescriptions of three species of Pulvinaria (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) in Japan, pp. 131-141 in Zootaxa 4779 (1) on pages 134-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/3831652