Diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi and its relationship with rhizobacteria on Pinus maximartinezii Rzedowski plant growth
Creators: name: Almaraz Llamas, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ectomycorrhizae
subject: Endemic species
subject: Endangered pines
subject: Inoculation
subject: Pinus maximartinezii
subject: Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
subject: Laccaria proxima
subject: Helvella lacunosa
subject: Azospirillum brasilense
subject: Cenococcum geophilum
subject: IMRN
subject: Zacatecas
subject: http://agrovoc.uniroma2.it/agrovoc/agrovoc/en/page/c_5890

description: Most terrestrial plants form specialized mycorrhizal structures with symbiotic fungi. These improve the establishment and development of the associated plants, through the modification of the root system, by facilitating greater uptake of water and nutrients from the environment, especially when resources are scarce. An additional biotic factor is the use of mycorrhizal helper bacteria, whose beneficial functions increase the benefits of mycorrhizae. For this reason, its potential use as a biotechnological tool in agricultural and forestry applications has been actively studied, particularly for future management practices and recovery of forest populations. <em>Pinus maximartinezii</em> Rzed. is an endemic species of Mexico of economic and ecological importance, considered in danger of extinction, due to its restricted distribution and low population density. Therefore, it is considered of great importance to increase the knowledge of important interactions such as ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and associated microorganisms for the development of management strategies in order to conserve and increase their population. In the present work, the abundance and richness of EcM morphotypes associated with <em>P. maximartinezii </em>were determined in their natural distribution areas. The morphological characterization of the EcM morphotypes collected was carried out. Additionally, the effect of the inoculation of four sources of ectomycorrhizal inoculum (<em>Laccaria proxima</em>, <em>Helvella lacunosa</em>, <em>native soil</em> and burned native soil) and the co-inoculation of the rhizobacteria <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> on the growth, nutritional content and percentage of mycorrhization of the trees was evaluated. In total, 18 EcM morphotypes associated with adult <em>P. maximartinezii</em> trees were recorded during two sampling seasons of which three (MZac2, MZac5 and MZac8) represented approximately 90% of the total number of tips of ectomycorrhizal apices. According to the set of distinctive morphoanatomical features, the MZac5 morphotype was reliably identified as <em>Cenococcum geophilum</em>. This morphotype was the most abundant, given that it was recorded in 42.5% of the total live ectomycorrhizal roots (18.3 and 24.2% for dry and rainy seasons respectively). A synergistic effect of the fungus (<em>L. proxima</em> and <em>H. lacunosa</em>) and the bacterium (<em>A. brasilense</em>) was observed in terms of biomass, diameter and height, although in some of these the value was similar or higher when the HEcM were implemented without the bacteria. The plants inoculated with <em>H. lacunosa</em> and <em>H. lacunosa</em> + <em>A. brasilense</em> showed better physiological quality than the plants non inoculated or those inoculated exclusively with the bacteria. In the same way, these co-inoculated plants presented higher contents of macronutrients and micronutrients, although the greater nutrimental mobilization to aerial part (P, K, Fe, Na and Zn) was observed in the plants inoculated with <em>L. proxima</em>. The mycorrhizal colonization varied from 68.69 to 92.73%, registering the highest percentage in plants inoculated with native soil + <em>A. brasilense. </em>A total of eight EcM morphotypes associated with young blue pine plants in which native soil was inoculated were recorded. Therefore, it is concluded that the individual inoculation of EcM and dual fungi of bacteria such as <em>A. brasilense</em> can improve the physiological and nutritional quality of plants of <em>P. maximartinezii</em>, since their implementation and knowledge of native HEMCs represent an enormous biotechnological potential in the production of plants of said forest species in danger of extinction.
description: Thesis. M. Sc. in Innovation in Natural Resources Management, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus San Luis Potosí, 2019