Dianthus burdurensis Hamzaoglu & Koc 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Hamzaoğlu, Ergin
name: Koç, Murat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Caryophyllaceae
Dianthus
Dianthus burdurensis

description: Dianthus burdurensis Hamzaoğlu & Koç, sp. nov. (Fig. 1‒2)   
 Type:― TURKEY. Burdur: Between Yeşilova and Salda village, N slopes of Eşeler Mountain, small dry meadows in forest clearings, 37°29′08″N, 29°39′09″E, 1590 m a.s.l., 23 August 2014, Koç & Hamzaoğlu 7170 (holotype GAZI!, isotypes GAZI!, ANK!, HUB!).   
 Diagnosis: ― Dianthus burdurensis is similar to D. masmenaeus Boissier (1856: 51) from which differs in usually lacking of sterile shoots leaves, and in having the withered lower leaves, the inflorescence (3‒)5‒9(‒13)-flowered, petals 11.5‒15.5 mm long, and the limbs creamish-white.   
 Description: ― Perennial, solitary or few-stemmed herbs. Stems erect, slender at base, 25‒45 cm tall, simple or rarely branching from upper nodes, 6‒9-noded, glabrous above and usually puberulous below, greenish or sometimes purplish at base. Leaves linear, flattened in cross-section, glabrous, margins scabrous, with ciliate and scarious near base, apex 3-acuminate; sterile shoot leaves absent or very rarely present at flowering, if present, linear and loosely arranged; lower withered after anthesis, 20‒35 × 1‒2 mm; middle 30‒50 × 1‒2 mm, adpressed to stem, shorter than or as long as internodes, thin, 3-veined, sheaths 2‒2.5 times as long as wide; upper adpressed to stem, greenish at base, nodes ± swollen. Inflorescence usually simple or rarely branched, flowers in clusters, each one (3‒)5‒9(‒13)-flowered; pedicels 0‒1.5 mm, glabrous, greenish. Bracts greenish to straw-colored, linear-subulate to lanceolate, as long as or shorter than flowers. Epicalyx scales 4‒6, herbaceous, greenish or straw-colored; outer usually distinctly 5‒7-veined, glabrous, 2/5‒3/5 as long as calyx, linear-lanceolate, 6.0‒8.5 × 1.5‒2.0 mm, with scarious (0.3‒0.5 mm) margins, apex acute-obtuse except arista, arista 1/3‒1/2 as long as scale, separated from calyx; inner usually distinctly 7‒9-veined, glabrous, 1/2‒2/3 as long as calyx, linear-oblanceolate, 7.0‒11.0 × 1.8‒2.5 mm, with ciliate and scarious (0.4‒0.6 mm) margins, apex acute-obtuse except arista, arista 1/3‒2/5 as long as scale. Calyx oblong-lanceolate, 9.5‒16.0 × 2.2‒ 3.2 mm, distinctly 40‒45-veined, glabrous, greenish or straw-colored; teeth triangular-lanceolate, 2.5‒4.0 × 1.5‒2.0 mm, glabrous, 7‒9-veined, with ciliate and scarious margins, apex acuminate and mucronate, greenish or sometimes purplish tinged towards apex. Petals 11.5‒15.5 mm long; limb obovate to cuneate, 3.5‒5.5 × 2.5‒3.5 mm, about 1/3 as long as petal, about 2/3 exserted from calyx, unspotted, barbulate, creamish-white above, greenish beneath, completely greenish-yellow in dried, 4‒7-toothed, teeth irregular, broadly triangular, up to 1/6 as long as limb; claw 8.0‒10.0 × 1.0‒ 1.2 mm, collar as wide as claw. Capsule shorter than calyx. Seeds ovate, 2.0‒2.8 × 1.2‒1.7 mm, blackish.   
 Etymology: ―The specific epithet is derived from the name of the city, Burdur, where the holotype was collected.   
 Vernacular name: ―“ Burdur Karanfili” (Turkish).   
 Distribution and habitat: ― Dianthus burdurensis is known only from the type locality, Eşeler Mountain, Yeşilova, Burdur, where it grows at altitude of 1590 m on dry meadows in oak forest clearings.   
 Phenology: ―Flowering time July‒August, fruiting August‒September.   
 Conservation status: ―On the basis of IUCN red list categories and criteria (IUCN 2014), Dianthus burdurensis cover an area (EOO) of about 30 km 2. The new species is here assessed as Critically Endangered (CR, B1a).   
 Seed Morphology: ― Dianthus burdurensis has seed ovate, 2.0‒2.8 × 1.2‒1.7 mm, black, granular; dorsal surface convex, with regular rectangular cells, tuberculate, with 5‒7 teeths per margin, teeth clear S-undulate; ventral surface flat, with regular rectangular cells, papillate, with 3‒5 teeths per margin, teeth S-undulate, not clear; apex beaked. D. burdurensis seeds are similar to D. masmenaeus ones concerning the shape of apex, color and dorsal surface. However, the D. masmenaeus seeds differ in size (2.3‒3.0 × 1.0‒ 1.3 mm) and have long, irregular rectangular/square-shaped ventral cells, 5‒9 teeths containing ventral surface cells with V-undulate, and apparent teeth (Fig. 2).   
 Taxonomical notes (Table 1):― Dianthus burdurensis is related to D. masmenaeus in its habit and limb hairiness (Reeve 1967). It mainly differs from the latter taxa by the lower leaves withered after anthesis (not persistent in D. masmenaeus), flowers in clusters, (3‒)5‒9(‒13)-flowered [flowers in fascicles, 2‒4(‒7)-flowered in D. masmenaeus], outer epicalyx scales 2/5‒3/5 as long as calyx (1/2‒4/5 as long as calyx in D. masmenaeus); petals 11.5‒15.5 mm long (not 14‒25 mm long as in D. masmenaeus); limbs creamish-white above (not pink as in D. masmenaeus); claws 8‒10 mm long (not 10‒16.5 mm long as in D. masmenaeus).   
 Specimens Examined: ― Dianthus masmenaeus Boiss. TURKEY. Kayseri: Pınarbaşı, above Kaynar, Hınzır Mountain, Kurudere, 1900 m, 21 September 1980, Çelik 1570 (ANK!); Malatya: Doğanşehir, Erkenek town, around Radar, 1800 m, 4 July 1987, steppe, Aktoklu 663 (HUB!); Adana: Tufanbeyli, above Tozlu village, towards Ziyaret Tepe, 1995 m, 15 July 2008, steppe,, Aksoy, Budak & Hamzaoğlu 5233 (GAZI!); Sivas: Between Kangal and Hekimhan, around Höyüklü R / L station, 1930 m, 26 June 2010, calcareous rocks, Budak, Koç & Hamzaoğlu 5778, (GAZI!); Niğde: Pozantı, above Hamidiye village, Karanfil Dağı (Masmeneu Dagh), 1860 m, 18 July 2014, rocky slopes, Koç & Hamzaoğlu 7092 (GAZI!) (locus classicus).
description: Published as part of Hamzaoğlu, Ergin & Koç, Murat, 2015, Dianthus burdurensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from South-western Turkey, pp. 196-200 in Phytotaxa 233 (2) on pages 197-199, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.233.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/13633232