cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residential Soils from National Capital Region, Uttar Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Bhupander Kumar
name: V. K. Verma
name: Tyagi, Jyoti
name: C. S. Sharma
name: A. B. Akolkar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This study aims to investigate the level of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and identification of their potential sources in residential soils. During the study, a total 36 soil samples collected from twelve residential locations at Sahibabad-Ghaziabad area of western Uttar Pradesh, India, a constituted part of the National Capital Region of India. Samples extracted using ultrasonication, cleaned with silica and analyzed by diode array detector–high-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile/water as mobile phase. The 25th and 75th percentile concentration of ∑PAHs was 264 μg kg−1 and 584 μg kg−1, respectively, with mean and median of 445 μg kg−1 and 421 μg kg−1. The detection frequency of PAHs in all samples was lower for low molecular weight PAHs (19%) than high molecular weight PAHs (81%). The concentration of seven probable carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 67% of the ∑PAHs. PAHs toxicity potential as benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent ranged between 2.52–253 μg BaPTEQ kg−1. Composition profile of PAHs with different aromatic rings and selected diagnostic molecular ratios suggested the local pyrogenic sources of PAHs from vehicular emissions, diesel engines, biomass combustion, gasoline, and coal combustions.
A GUEST FACULTY ( Chemistry ): TEACHING & LEARNING
Creators: name: JAYDIP, DATTA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Guest lecturer
Pedagogy
Teaching

description: he audiovisual pedagogy can be applied to teaching as a GUEST LECTURER – Role of aPart -time teacher / Guest lecturer : A Good Experiance about taking classes of Physical Chemistry /Invigilation Duty / Answer Script Evaluation & attending Seminars . Ref : Exp Certificate attached.Acknowledgement : To H.O.D ( Chemistry ) & Pricipal - Mahadevananda Mahavidya -, Monirampur ,W.B .Updated Citation : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12689867.v6
A GUEST FACULTY ( Chemistry ): TEACHING & LEARNING
Creators: name: JAYDIP, DATTA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Guest lecturer
Pedagogy
Teaching

description: The audiovisual pedagogy can be applied to teaching as a GUEST LECTURER – Role of aPart -time teacher / Guest lecturer : A Good Experiance about taking classes of Physical Chemistry /Invigilation Duty / Answer Script Evaluation & attending Seminars . Ref : Exp Certificate attached.Acknowledgement : To H.O.D ( Chemistry ) & Pricipal - Mahadevananda Mahavidya -, Monirampur ,W.B .Updated Citation : https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12689867.v6
Education in Weybridge and Walton-on-Thames 1732-1944
Creators: name: Le Fevre, Margaret
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2017

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 71, 233-254
description: This article describes charity education between 1732 and 1813, which was followed by the setting up of the parochial school 1813-1870. The Education Act of 1870 was a compromise. The object was to complete the present voluntary system, and to fill up gaps, sparing the public money where voluntary effort was proving satisfactory. The gaps were filled by creating school boards, which could levy a rate to maintain the schools under their control, elected by direct ballot of ratepayers.
Low-dose non-targeted radiation effects in human esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines
Creators: name: Hanu, Christine
name: Wong, Raimond
name: Sur, Ranjan K.
name: Hayward, Joseph E.
name: Seymour, Colin
name: Mothersill, Carmel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Purpose: To investigate non-targeted radiation effects in esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (OE19 and OE33) using human keratinocyte and colorectal cancer cell reporters following γ-ray exposure. Materials and methods: Both clonogenic assays and ratiometric calcium endpoints were used to check for the occurrence of bystander signals in reporter cells. Results: We report data suggesting that γ-irradiation increases cell killing over the expected linear quadratic (LQ) model levels in the OE19 cell line exposed to doses below 1 Gy, i.e. which may be suggestive to be a low hyper-radiosensitive (HRS) response to direct irradiation. Both EAC cell lines (OE19 and OE33) have the ability to produce bystander signals when irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) is placed onto human keratinocyte reporters, but do not seem to be capable of responding to bystander signals when placed on their autologous reporters. Further work with human keratinocyte reporter models showed statistically significant intracellular calcium fluxes following exposure of the reporters to ICCM harvested from both EAC cell lines exposed to 0.5 Gy. Conclusion: These experiments suggest that the OE19 and OE33 cell lines produce bystander signals in human keratinocyte reporter cells. However, the radiosensitivity of the EAC cell lines used in this study cannot be enhanced by the bystander response since both cell lines could not respond to bystander signals.
Investigating the stability of mass transfer in neutron star-helium white dwarf binaries
Creators: name: Chen, Hai-Liang
name: Tauris, Thomas M.
name: Chen, Xuefei
name: Han, Zhanwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron star-helium white dwarf (NS+He WD) binaries are important evolutionary products of close-orbit binary star systems. They are often observed as millisecond pulsars and may continue evolving into ultra-compact X-ray binaries (UCXBs) and continuous gravitational wave (GW) sources that will be detected by space-borne GW observatories, such as LISA, TianQin and Taiji. Nevertheless, the stability of NS+He WD binaries undergoing mass transfer is not well studied and still under debate. In this paper, we model the evolution of NS+He WD binaries with WD masses ranging from 0.17-0.45 $M_{\odot}$, applying the detailed stellar evolution code mesa. Contrary to previous studies based on hydrodynamics, we find that apparently all NS+He WD binaries undergo stable mass transfer. We find for such UCXBs that the larger the WD mass, the larger the maximum mass-transfer rate and the smaller the minimum orbital period during their evolution. Finally, we demonstrate numerically and analytically that there is a tight correlation between WD mass and GW frequency for UCXBs, independent of NS mass.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 9 pages, 7 figures
title: 02_1755
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
A palaeolith and a palstave from the Wey valley near Ripley
Creators: name: Cotton, Jonathan
name: Williams, David
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2001

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 87, 179-181
description: Discusses two pieces: a flint biface found in 1967 (but only recently brought to light) in a gravel quarry east of Papercourt Farm; and an MBA copper-alloy palstave found in 1959 or 1960 in a private garden in Brooke Lane, Send.
Analytical survey and excavation of earthworks in Albury Bottom, Chobham Common
Creators: name: Ellis, Isabel
name: English, Judie
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2017

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 99, 103-110
description: Analytical survey of the earthwork on Chobham Common known as the Bee Garden revealed a banked, trapezoidal enclosure, c 100m across, with an external ditch and, for most of the circuit, a slight external bank. A possible entrance was located at the north-west corner. An annexe at the southern end contained slight scarps that may represent the position of internal features. Excavation suggested a 'dig and dump' construction of the main enclosure bank, but lack of organic survival in the palaeosol beneath the inner bank militated against palynological analysis or radiocarbon dating. On comparing the morphology of the site with other examples, and considering the place-name evidence, a prehistoric date is thought more likely than its identification as a bee garden although re-use either as a medieval sheepcote or a bee garden by tenants of Chertsey Abbey is not ruled out.
Structural engineering of transition-metal nitrides for surface-enhanced Raman scattering chips
Creators: name: Lan, Leilei
name: Yao, Haorun
name: Li, Guoqun
name: Fan, Xingce
name: Li, Mingze
name: Qiu, Teng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noble-metal-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates have attracted great attention for their abundant sources, good signal uniformity, superior biocompatibility, and high chemical stability. However, the lack of controllable synthesis and fabrication of noble-metal-free substrates with high SERS activity impedes their practical applications. Herein,we propose a general strategy to fabricate a series of planar transition-metal nitride (TMN) SERS chips via an ambient temperature sputtering deposition route.These planar TMN (tungsten nitride, tantalum nitride, and molybdenum nitride) chips show remarkable Raman enhancement factors (EFs) with ~105 owing to efficient photoinduced charge transfer process between TMN chips and probe molecules. Further, structural engineering of these TMN chips is used to improve their SERS activity. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of charge transfer process and electric field enhancement by constructing nanocavity structure, the Raman EF of WN nanocavity chips could be greatly improved to 1.29 * 107, which is an order of magnitude higher than that of planar chips. Moreover, we also design the WN/monolayer MoS2 heterostructure chips. With the increase of surface electron density on the upper WN and more exciton resonance transitions in the heterostructure, a 1.94 * 107 level EF and a 5 * 10-10 m level detention limit could be achieved. Our results provide important guidance for the structural design of ultrasensitive noble-metal-free SERS chips.
Understanding the effects of transition metal intercalation on electronic and electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx MXene
Creators: name: Wee, Shianlin
name: Lian, Xiliang
name: Vorobyeva, Evgeniya
name: Tayal, Akhil
name: Roddatis, Vladimir
name: La Mattina, Fabio
name: Vazquez, Dario Gomez
name: Shpigel, Netanel
name: Salanne, Mathieu
name: Lukatskaya, Maria R.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: 2D materials
MXene
X-ray spectroscopy
Charge storage

description: MXenes are 2D transition metal carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides, capable of intercalation by various cations through chemical or electrochemical means. Previous research has primarily focused on intercalating alkaline and alkaline earth cations, such as Li+, K+, Na+, Mg2+ or alkylammonium cations, into Ti3C2Tx MXenes. However, the impact of intercalated transition metal (TM) ions on the electronic and electrochemical properties of MXenes remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-intercalated Cu ions on Ti3C2Tx MXenes and vice versa to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the electronic and electrochemical properties of both intercalated TM ion and MXene host are altered. Using in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we reveal changes in the oxidation states of intercalated Cu ions and Ti atoms during charging and their corresponding role in charge storage mechanisms. Our findings show that electronic coupling between Ti3C2Tx and Cu ions results in modified electrochemical and electronic properties compared to pristine Ti3C2Tx. These insights lay the foundation for the rational design and utilization of TM ion intercalants to tailor the properties of MXenes for various electrochemical systems and beyond.
description: ChemRxiv
description: ISSN:2573-2293
COMPETENCIES AND AGRIBUSINESS SKILLS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS IN DEVELOPING RURAL WOMEN FARMERS IN NORTHEAST NIGERIA
Creators: name: Umar, Abdulmumini
name: Bappa, Njidda
name: Habu, Bamusa
Publisher: name: ZAP JOURNALS
Year: 2025
Subjects: Competencies, Entrepreneurship skills, Rural Women Farmers, Poverty, Agribusiness

description: The study was aimed at determining the competencies and agribusiness skills of agricultural extension workers towards entrepreneurship development of the rural women farmers in northeastern, Nigeria. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used to select a sample size of 356 respondents (rural women farmers). A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics that used frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Correlation was also used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The study reveals that agricultural extension workers are competent (3.57 mean score) with moderate agribusiness skills (2.84 mean score), but their client (rural women farmers) has a lower level of required entrepreneurship development skills (1.09 mean score). Also, the competencies and agribusiness skills of agricultural extension workers impact the entrepreneurship development of rural women farmers. Entrepreneurship and agribusiness skills development are necessary for the empowerment of rural women farmers. The study recommended that government policies and programs on women’s social investment and poverty alleviation should be restructured and directed towards empowering them on their known occupation
Super-Resolved Microbubble Localization in Single-Channel Ultrasound RF Signals Using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Blanken, Nathan
name: Wolterink, Jelmer M.
name: Delingette, Hervé
name: Brune, Christoph
name: Versluis, Michel
name: Lajoinie, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, super-resolution ultrasound imaging with ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) has received much attention. However, ULM relies on low concentrations of microbubbles in the blood vessels, ultimately resulting in long acquisition times. Here, we present an alternative super-resolution approach, based on direct deconvolution of single-channel ultrasound radio-frequency (RF) signals with a one-dimensional dilated convolutional neural network (CNN). This work focuses on low-frequency ultrasound (1.7 MHz) for deep imaging (10 cm) of a dense cloud of monodisperse microbubbles (up to 1000 microbubbles in the measurement volume, corresponding to an average echo overlap of 94%). Data are generated with a simulator that uses a large range of acoustic pressures (5-250 kPa) and captures the full, nonlinear response of resonant, lipid-coated microbubbles. The network is trained with a novel dual-loss function, which features elements of both a classification loss and a regression loss and improves the detection-localization characteristics of the output. Whereas imposing a localization tolerance of 0 yields poor detection metrics, imposing a localization tolerance corresponding to 4% of the wavelength yields a precision and recall of both 0.90. Furthermore, the detection improves with increasing acoustic pressure and deteriorates with increasing microbubble density. The potential of the presented approach to super-resolution ultrasound imaging is demonstrated with a delay-and-sum reconstruction with deconvolved element data. The resulting image shows an order-of-magnitude gain in axial resolution compared to a delay-and-sum reconstruction with unprocessed element data.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
Orchestrated excitatory and inhibitory plasticity produces stable dynamics in heterogeneous neuromorphic computing systems
Creators: name: Maryada
name: Soldado-Magraner, Saray
name: Sorbaro, Martino
name: Laje, Rodrigo
name: Buonomano, Dean V.
name: Indiveri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Many neural computations emerge from self-sustained patterns of activity in recurrent neural circuits, which rely on balanced excitation and inhibition. Neuromorphic electronic circuits that use the physics of silicon to emulate neuronal dynamics represent a promising approach for implementing the brain's computational primitives, including self-sustained neural activity. However, achieving the same robustness of biological networks in neuromorphic computing systems remains a challenge, due to the high degree of heterogeneity and variability of their analog components. Inspired by the strategies used by real cortical networks, we apply a biologically-plausible cross-homeostatic learning rule to balance excitation and inhibition in neuromorphic implementations of spiking neural networks. We demonstrate how this learning rule allows the neuromorphic system to overcome device mismatch and to autonomously tune the spiking network to produce robust, self-sustained attractor dynamics in an inhibition-stabilized regime. We also show that this rule can implement a stable working memory, and that the electronic circuits can reproduce biologically relevant emergent neural dynamics, including the so-called ``paradoxical effect''. In addition to validating neuroscience models on a substrate that shares many similar properties and limitations with biological systems, this work enables the construction of ultra-low power, mixed-signal neuromorphic technologies that can be automatically configured to compute reliably, despite the large on-chip and chip-to-chip variability of their analog components.
description: Research Square
description: ISSN:2693-5015
Comment on a PREreview of "Seeking community input for: mzPeak - a modern, scalable, and interoperable mass spectrometry data format for the future"
Creators: name: Samuel Wein
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This Zenodo record is a permanently preserved version of a comment on a PREreview. You can view the complete PREreview and comments at https://prereview.org/reviews/14934154.

Hi Chris,
Thanks for the review. I am also a big fan of mzMLb, and one of the technical implementations that we are looking at is just trying to extend that format to encompass the further metadata that we want to collect, specifically with providing the instrument vendors an explicit section to store vendor specific data that doesn't nicely correspond to our controlled vocabulary.
I'd also prefer to find a solution that works in a single file (or at the very least transparently packs multiple files into an archive on close). Your comments on the user error mirror what I have seen when trying to grab raw data out of Pride depositions, more files means more chances for user errors. We will keep that in mind in trying to balance speed versus complexity.

Competing interests

            I am an author of this preprint.
Architectural History and Race: Irene Cheng, Charles L. Davis II, and Mabel O. Wilson (eds.), Race and Modern Architecture: A Critical History from the Enlightenment to  the Present Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2020,  447 pages, 97 illustrations, ISBN 978-0-8229-6659-3
Creators: name: Hess, Regine
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte, 86 (1)
description: ISSN:0044-2992
Non-Local Properties in Euclidean Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Esposito, Giampiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the one-loop approximation for Euclidean quantum gravity, the boundary conditions which are completely invariant under gauge transformations of metric perturbations involve both normal and tangential derivatives of the metric perturbations $h_{00}$ and $h_{0i}$, while the $h_{ij}$ perturbations and the whole ghost one-form are set to zero at the boundary. The corresponding one-loop divergency for pure gravity has been recently evaluated by means of analytic techniques. It now remains to compute the contribution of all perturbative modes of gauge fields and gravitation to the one-loop effective action for problems with boundaries. The functional determinant has a non-local nature, independently of boundary conditions. Moreover, the analysis of one-loop divergences for supergravity with non-local boundary conditions has not yet been completed and is still under active investigation.
description: 11 pages, plain-tex, revised version, to appear in Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions (Leipzig, 18-22 September 1995). In the revised version, the presentation has been improved
The Roman Villa at Rapsley: an interpretation
Creators: name: Smith, J T
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 72, 63-68
description: TQ 080415. From its third phase the site exhibits evidence for dual occupancy; to the west of a substantial fence or wall was the more ambitious house and the later aisled building nearby (interpreted as partly domestic), while to the east was a simpler two-roomed house. This unequal division of holdings is paralleled elsewhere in Northern Europe. DG
Phenotypic heterogeneity drives phage-bacteria coevolution in the intestinal tract
Creators: name: Wenner, Nicolas
name: Bertola, Anouk
name: Larsson, Louise
name: Rocker, Andrea
name: Bekele, Nahimi A.
name: Sauerbeck, Chris
name: Lemos Rocha, Leonardo F.
name: Druelle, Valentin
name: Harms, Alexander
name: Diard, Médéric
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: Phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria can generate reversible resistance against various stressors, including predation by phages. This allows mixed populations of phenotypically resistant and sensitive bacteria to coexist with virulent phages. However, it remains unclear if these dynamics prevent the evolution of genetic resistance in bacteria and how they affect the evolution of phages. In this work, we focus on bistable alterations of the O-antigen (known as phase variation) in Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm) to study how heterogeneous phenotypic resistance affects phage-bacteria coevolution. Our findings reveal that phase variation allows a stable coexistence of S.Tm with a virulent T5-like phage in vitro. This coexistence is nevertheless short-lived when S.Tm and the phage interact within the intestinal tract of mice. In this context, the phage evolves to also infect phenotypically resistant S.Tm cells, incidentally altering infectivity on other Salmonella serovars. In return, the broader host range of the evolved phages drives the evolution of genetic resistance in S.Tm, which results in phage extinction. This work demonstrates that phenotypic heterogeneity profoundly influences the antagonistic coevolution of phages and bacteria, with outcomes intricately tied to the ecological context.
description: bioRxiv
O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASI FARMATSEVTIKA BOZORIDA BUYRAK-TOSH KASALLIKLARIDA ISHLATILADIGAN DORI VOSITALARINING ASSORTIMENT TAXLILI
Creators: name: Maksudova, Firuza
name: Javliyeva, O'g'iloy
name: Raximova, Gulnora
name: Raximova, Oygul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Nefrolitiaz – buyrak va siydik yo‘llarida tosh hosil bo‘lishi bilan kechuvchi kasallik. Tadqiqotda mamlakatimizda buyrak-tosh kasalligiga qarshi dori vositalarining tarkibi, miqdori, shakli va narxi tahlil qilindi. So‘nggi to‘rt yilda buyrak-tosh kasalligiga qarshi dorilar tahlil qilinganda, asosan oksalat va urat toshlariga qarshi vositalar ko‘proq qo‘llangani aniqlandi. Xorijiy dorilar ulushi 58,34% dan 42,85% gacha kamaydi, mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilarning ulushi 25% dan 28,57% gacha, MDH davlatlarinik esa 16,67% dan 28,57% gacha oshdi. Biroq, umumiy miqdor jihatdan sezilarli o‘zgarish kuzatilmadi. Eng ko‘p ishlatiladigan dori shakllari tabletka va kapsulalar (33,3%) bo‘lib, ularning barchasi xorijiy yoki MDH davlatlarida ishlab chiqarilgan. Mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchilar orasida ushbu dori shakllari mavjud emas. Shuningdek, kukun, granula, sirop va inyeksion eritmalar (8,33%) ham qo‘llaniladi. Import qilingan dorilarning tannarxi yuqori ekani qayd etildi. Tadqiqotning maqsadi – samarali tabletka shaklidagi dori ishlab chiqarish texnologiyasini o‘rganish va farmatsevtika sohasidagi mavjud bo‘shliqni bartaraf etishdir.
Thermodynamic Features of Black Holes Dressed with Quantum Fields
Creators: name: Hochberg, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermal properties of black holes in the presence of quantum fields can be revealed through solutions of the semi-classical Einstein equation. We present a brief but self-contained review of the main features of the semi-classical back reaction problem for a black hole in the microcanonical ensemble. The solutions, obtained for conformal scalars, massless spinors and U(1) gauge bosons, are used to calculate the $O(\hbar)$ corrections to the temperature and thermodynamical entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole. In each spin case considered, the entropy corrections $ΔS(r)$, are positive definite and monotone increasing with increasing distance $r$ from the hole, and are of the same order as the naive flat space radiation entropy.
description: 10 pages in plain LaTex. Based on a talk presented at the Third Workshop on Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions, Leipzig, Germany, 18-22 September, 1995
Functional determinants on Moebius corners
Creators: name: Dowker, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general method of finding functional determinants is presented that depends on the asymptotic behaviour of the resolvent. Its application to the case of a bounded trihedral corner for which the eigenvalues are known only implicitly is outlined and a generalisation of Barnes' product form of multiple gamma functions is given
description: 11p,PlainTeX
Casimir Energy for a Spherical Cavity in a Dielectric: Toward a Model for Sonoluminescence?
Creators: name: Milton, Kimball A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the final few years of his life, Julian Schwinger proposed that the ``dynamical Casimir effect'' might provide the driving force behind the puzzling phenomenon of sonoluminescence. Motivated by that exciting suggestion, I have computed the static Casimir energy of a spherical cavity in an otherwise uniform material with dielectric constant $ε$ and permeability $μ$. As expected the result is divergent; yet a plausible finite answer is extracted, in the leading uniform asymptotic approximation. That result gives far too small an energy to account for the large burst of photons seen in sonoluminescence. If the divergent result is retained (which is different from that guessed by Schwinger), it is of the wrong sign to drive the effect. Dispersion does not resolve this contradiction. However, dynamical effects are not yet included.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX2e, Invited Talk at the Third Workshop on Quantum Field Theory Under the Influence of External Conditions, Leipzig, September 18--22, 1995
Analytical surveys of Holmbury and Hascombe hillforts
Creators: name: English, Judie
name: Hooker, R H
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2017

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 99, 111-118
description: Analytical survey of the two Middle Iron Age hillforts located on the greensand ridge of western Surrey at Holmbury and Hascombe after vegetation clearance has added detail to pre-existing knowledge of their morphology and will serve as a baseline against which any further damage can be assessed.
A new frequency-domain subspace algorithm with restricted poles location through LMI regions and its application to a wind tunnel test
Creators: name: F. Demourant
name: C. Poussot-Vassal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: In this paper, an innovative method is presented to identify models with a modified frequency-domain subspace method. This new approach allows to introduce in the subspace resolution constraints on the identified model poles location. Here, a very general formulation is proposed to take into account regions in continuous/discrete map. This formulation is based on an LMI (linear matrix inequalities) description where the stability domain represents a particular case. These LMI constraints are combined with the frequency-domain subspace resolution to obtain identified models whose poles are situated in the specified LMI regions. This approach is benchmarked with the Loewner one, which belongs to the class of frequency-domain input–output model identification and approximation methods. Besides the fact that they both belong to the data-driven model approximation class, they result to have slightly different objectives and show complementary performances. This discussion is illustrated in practice with experimentations that have been performed for the identification and control of the gust disturbance over a 2D wing span, from sub to transonic, in a wind tunnel facility.
Geroch--Kinnersley--Chitre group for Dilaton--Axion Gravity
Creators: name: Gal'tsov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kinnersley--type representation is constructed for the four--dimensional Einstein--Maxwell--dilaton--axion system restricted to space--times possessing two non--null commuting Killing symmetries. New representation essentially uses the matrix--valued $SL(2,R)$ formulation and effectively reduces the construction of the Geroch group to the corresponding problem for the vacuum Einstein equations. An infinite hierarchy of potentials is introduced in terms of $2\times 2$ real symmetric matrices generalizing the scalar hierarchy of Kinnersley--Chitre known for the vacuum Einstein equations.
description: Published in ``Quantum Field Theory under the Influence of External Conditions'', M. Bordag (Ed.) (Proc. of the International Workshop, Leipzig, Germany, 18--22 September 1995), B.G. Teubner Verlagsgessellschaft, Stuttgart--Leipzig, 1996, pp. 228-237
title: Machiavellianism Achievement and Gender Roles
Creators: name: Gibson, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1998

description: The focus of the current study was to find a relationship between Machiavellianism and achievement motivation. Gender, gender-role orientation, and college major were also introduced as variables. Two-hundred and forty university students majoring in either business or psychology completed various self-report measures. Results based on correlations and an analysis of variance produced the following results: Women of both majors had higher Machiavellian scores than males of both majors; business majors had a higher desire to work hard and were more competitive than psychology majors (especially males); scores on the Machiavellian scale positively correlated with competitiveness for females. For males, Machiavellianism correlated negatively with a desire to work hard. Masculine and androgynous gender-typed participants had higher achievement scores than feminine or undifferentiated participants; there were no differences in achievement based on gender. Interactions among the variables and implications for future research are discussed.
Saxon Barrows excavated by General Pitt Rivers on Merrow Down, Guildford
Creators: name: Saunders, P R
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 72, 69-75
description: TA 025499. Unpublished notes and drawings by the General in 1877 identify the location of the barrows. Three of the six Saxon barrows contained cremations, and one produced a knife of 7th/9th century AD. D G
Neuerscheinungen zu Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung
Creators: name: PRUF
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften
Year: 2022

description: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften, Nr. 1 (2016): Mitteilungen des Instituts für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung
On the structure and variability of vertically propagating marine heatwaves in the Eastern Pacific
Creators: name: Köhn, Eike Eduard
name: Gruber, Nicolas
name: Münnich, Matthias
name: Vogt, Meike
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023

description: In recent decades, the Eastern Pacific has been subject to many pronounced marine heatwaves (MHWs), with far-reaching consequences for marine ecosystems. As MHWs are commonly detected at the sea surface, little is known about their vertical structure, let alone the temporal variability of this structure. To fill this gap, we detect and characterise vertically extended MHWs within a high-resolution model hindcast simulation (1979-2019) of the Eastern Pacific. Considering the vertical dimension in the MHW detection furthermore enables the tracking of vertical MHW propagation. We find that 71% of MHWs are on average confined to the mixed layer, while 29% reach at least 10m below. By clustering the MHWs, we identify four main vertical propagation patterns. While the majority of MHWs remains at the surface throughout their lifetime, 18% (13%) of MHWs subduct beneath (shoal towards) the surface, while 12% rather sit beneath the surface and exhibit multi-surfacing behaviour. As a consequence of the vertical propagation, MHWs affect upper ocean ecosystems substantially longer than diagnosed from the sea surface (40 vs. 30 days on average).In the mid-latitude Northeast Pacific, we find a seasonal cycle in the vertical MHW propagation clusters. We find that wintertime MHWs can detrain from the mixed layer, persist in the seasonal thermocline and re-entrain into the ML at a later stage. This finding agrees well with previous work on the role of the re-emergence phenomenon of sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific and suggests potential sources of predictability for MHWs at the sea surface. At lower latitudes, we find that interannual variability associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation strongly dominates any seasonality in the occurrence of the different MHW clusters. Lastly, we find that accounting for the vertical MHW propagation almost doubles the average Eastern Pacific area affected by MHWs, compared to the surface only perspective. These new insights regarding MHW depth structures and their temporal variability mark an important step towards a better understanding of MHW drivers and the consequences of MHWs for marine ecosystems.
description: EGUsphere
Vielhaber, Barbara: Mitgliederpartei oder Professionalisierte Wählerpartei, Springer VS, Wiesbaden 2015
Creators: name: Bukow, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften
Year: 2022

description: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften, Nr. 1 (2016): Mitteilungen des Instituts für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung
Finite Element Implementations in Chaste
Creators: name: Chaste  Development
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 10109 Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10110 Partial Differential Equations
subject: 10301 Numerical Analysis
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: 10302 Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations

description: A guide to how finite element method is implemented in Chaste - Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment.
The ART of LLM Refinement: Ask, Refine, and Trust
Creators: name: Shridhar, Kumar
name: Sinha, Koustuv
name: Cohen, Andrew
name: Wang, Tianlu
name: Yu, Ping
name: Pasunuru, Ram
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Weston, Jason
name: Celikyilmaz, Asli
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable generative abilities, but can they judge the quality of their own generations? A popular concept, referred to as self-refinement, postulates that LLMs can detect and correct the errors in their generations when asked to do so. However, recent empirical evidence points in the opposite direction, suggesting that LLMs often struggle to accurately identify errors when reasoning is involved. To address this, we propose a reasoning with refinement objective called ART: Ask, Refine, and Trust, which asks necessary questions to decide when an LLM should refine its output, and either affirm or withhold trust in its refinement by ranking the refinement and the initial prediction. On two multistep reasoning tasks of mathematical word problems (GSM8K) and question answering (StrategyQA), ART achieves a performance gain of +5 points over self-refinement baselines, while using a much smaller model as the decision maker. We also demonstrate the benefit of using smaller models to make refinement decisions as a cost-effective alternative to fine-tuning a larger model.
description: arXiv
PWESuite: Phonetic Word Embeddings and Tasks They Facilitate
Creators: name: Zouhar, Vilém
name: Chang, Kalvin
name: Cui, Chenxuan
name: Carlson, Nathaniel
name: Robinson, Nathaniel
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Mortensen, David
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Word embeddings that map words into a fixed-dimensional vector space are the backbone of modern NLP. Most word embedding methods encode semantic information. However, phonetic information, which is important for some tasks, is often overlooked. In this work, we develop several novel methods which leverage articulatory features to build phonetically informed word embeddings, and present a set of phonetic word embeddings to encourage their community development, evaluation and use. While several methods for learning phonetic word embeddings already exist, there is a lack of consistency in evaluating their effectiveness. Thus, we also proposes several ways to evaluate both intrinsic aspects of phonetic word embeddings, such as word retrieval and correlation with sound similarity, and extrinsic performances, such as rhyme and cognate detection and sound analogies. We hope that our suite of tasks will promote reproducibility and provide direction for future research on phonetic word embeddings.
description: arXiv
CausalCite: A Causal Formulation of Paper Citations
Creators: name: Kumar, Ishan
name: Jin, Zhijing
name: Mokhtarian, Ehsan
name: Guo, Siyuan
name: Chen, Yuen
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Computers and Society (cs.CY)
Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Evaluating the significance of a paper is pivotal yet challenging for the scientific community. While the citation count is the most commonly used proxy for this purpose, they are widely criticized for failing to accurately reflect a paper's true impact. In this work, we propose a causal inference method, TextMatch, which adapts the traditional matching framework to high-dimensional text embeddings. Specifically, we encode each paper using the text embeddings by large language models (LLMs), extract similar samples by cosine similarity, and synthesize a counterfactual sample by the weighted average of similar papers according to their similarity values. We apply the resulting metric, called CausalCite, as a causal formulation of paper citations. We show its effectiveness on various criteria, such as high correlation with paper impact as reported by scientific experts on a previous dataset of 1K papers, (test-of-time) awards for past papers, and its stability across various sub-fields of AI. We also provide a set of findings that can serve as suggested ways for future researchers to use our metric for a better understanding of a paper's quality. Our code and data are at https://github.com/causalNLP/causal-cite.
description: arXiv
All Roads Lead to Rome? Exploring the Invariance of Transformers' Representations
Creators: name: Ren, Yuxin
name: Guo, Qipeng
name: Jin, Zhijing
name: Ravfogel, Shauli
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Cotterell, Ryan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformer models bring propelling advances in various NLP tasks, thus inducing lots of interpretability research on the learned representations of the models. However, we raise a fundamental question regarding the reliability of the representations. Specifically, we investigate whether transformers learn essentially isomorphic representation spaces, or those that are sensitive to the random seeds in their pretraining process. In this work, we formulate the Bijection Hypothesis, which suggests the use of bijective methods to align different models' representation spaces. We propose a model based on invertible neural networks, BERT-INN, to learn the bijection more effectively than other existing bijective methods such as the canonical correlation analysis (CCA). We show the advantage of BERT-INN both theoretically and through extensive experiments, and apply it to align the reproduced BERT embeddings to draw insights that are meaningful to the interpretability research. Our code is at https://github.com/twinkle0331/BERT-similarity.
description: arXiv
Understanding Stereotypes in Language Models: Towards Robust Measurement and Zero-Shot Debiasing
Creators: name: Mattern, Justus
name: Jin, Zhijing
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Mihalcea, Rada
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generated texts from large pretrained language models have been shown to exhibit a variety of harmful, human-like biases about various demographics. These findings prompted large efforts aiming to understand and measure such effects, with the goal of providing benchmarks that can guide the development of techniques mitigating these stereotypical associations. However, as recent research has pointed out, the current benchmarks lack a robust experimental setup, consequently hindering the inference of meaningful conclusions from their evaluation metrics. In this paper, we extend these arguments and demonstrate that existing techniques and benchmarks aiming to measure stereotypes tend to be inaccurate and consist of a high degree of experimental noise that severely limits the knowledge we can gain from benchmarking language models based on them. Accordingly, we propose a new framework for robustly measuring and quantifying biases exhibited by generative language models. Finally, we use this framework to investigate GPT-3's occupational gender bias and propose prompting techniques for mitigating these biases without the need for fine-tuning.
description: arXiv
Switek, Niko: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen. Koalitionsentscheidungen in den Ländern, Nomos, Baden-Baden 2015
Creators: name: Widdau, Christoph Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften
Year: 2022

description: Zeitschrift für Parteienwissenschaften, Nr. 1 (2016): Mitteilungen des Instituts für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung