Bombus (Pyrobombus) taiwanensis Williams, Sung, Lin and Lu 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Williams, Paul H.
name: Sung, I-Hsin
name: Lin, Yi-Jing
name: Lu, Sheng-Shan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Bombus
Bombus taiwanensis
Bombus terrestris

description: Bombus (Pyrobombus) taiwanensis Williams, Sung, Lin and Lu sp. nov.
(Figures 1, 2)
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 726E8A64-28A2-4DD9-8801-651DED8BD495
[Bombus sp. non descripta Chiu 1948: 71, 1♀ (worker) (TARI)]
[Bombus (Pyrobombus) nr. hypnorum Starr, 1992: 149, 3♀ (workers) 2♂ (TARI)]
+Inference of being conspecific supported by published (Huang et al. 2015; Williams et al. 2020) or ++unpublished (Thanoosing, in prep.) GMYC- or PTP-coalescent analyses for COI barcodes. *Inference of being separate species supported by PTP-coalescent analyses for COI barcodes (Williams et al. 2020) or **by morphology (Williams et al. 2009).Bombus (Megabombus) trifasciatusSmith, 1852Bombus wilemaniCockerell, 1911Bombus (Megabombus) bicoloratusSmith, 1879Bombus (Psithyrus) turneri(Richards, 1929 [Psithyrus])Psithyrus monozonus(Friese, 1931) not of Friese 1909 [=B. lucorum(Linnaeus)]Bombus (Pyrobombus) taiwanensissp. nov. *Bombus (Pyrobombus) flavescensSmith, 1852Bombus (Pyrobombus) sonani(Frison, 1934 [Bremus])*Bombus (Alpigenobombus) angustusChiu, 1948 * [Bombus (Bombus) terrestris(Linnaeus, 1758) – introduced from Europe only in glass houses]Bombus (Melanobombus) eximiusSmith, 1852Bombus latissimusFriese, 1910Bombus (Melanobombus) formosellus(Frison, 1934 [Bremus])*
Material examined. Holotype: 1♀ (queen), labels (1): white, printed in black ‘ Mt. Hehuan, South peak/(3100 m), Nantou Co.,/ Taiwan, VI-15-2019,/ I. H. Sung’; (2) white, printed in black ‘ Bombus taiwanensis /Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu sp. nov./det. Paul H. Williams’; (3) red, printed in black ‘ HOLOTYPE / ♀ / Bombus taiwanensis /Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu’; (4) white, printed in black ‘[barcode]/00214314’ (TFRI).
Paratypes: 1♀ (worker), labels: (1) white, printed in black ‘Mt. Hehuan, South peak/ (3100 m), Nantou Co,/ Taiwan, VI-15-2019,/I. H. Sung’; (2) white, printed in black ‘ Bombus taiwanensis /Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu sp. nov./det. Paul H. Williams’; (3) red, printed in black ‘ PARATYPE / ♀ / Bombus taiwanensis / Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu’; (4) white, printed in black ‘[barcode]/00214315’ (TFRI). 1♀ (worker), labels (1): white, printed in black ‘ Mt. Hehuan, South peak/(3100 m), Nantou Co.,/ Taiwan, VI-15-2019 /I. H. Sung’; (2) white, printed in black ‘ Bombus taiwanensis /Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu sp. nov./det. Paul H. Williams’; (3) red, printed in black ‘ PARATYPE / ♀ / Bombus taiwanensis / Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu’; (4) white, printed in black ‘[barcode]/00214316’ (TFRI). 1♀ (worker), labels (1): white, printed in black ‘Mt. Hehuan, South peak/(3100 m), NantouCo.,/ Taiwan, VI-15-2019,/I. H. Sung’; (2) white, printed in black ‘ Bombus taiwanensis / Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu sp. nov./det. Paul H. Williams’; (3) red, printed in black ‘ PARATYPE / ♀ / Bombus taiwanensis / Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu’; (4) white, printed in black ‘[barcode]/00214317’ (TFRI). 1♀ (worker), labels (1): white, printed in black ‘ Mt. Hehuan, South peak/(3100 m), Nantou Co.,/ Taiwan, VI-15- 2019,/I. H. Sung’; (2) white, printed in black ‘ Bombus taiwanensis /Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu sp. nov./det. Paul H. Williams’; (3) red, printed in black ‘ PARATYPE / ♀ / Bombus taiwanensis / Williams, Sung, Lin & Lu’; (4) white, printed in black ‘[barcode]/00214318’ (TFRI).
Compared material. 1♀ (worker), labels: (1) orange, printed in black ‘C. TAIWAN: Tsuifeng/ 2300 m. Nantou Hsien / 23‒25.VI.1983 /K.S. Lin & S.C. Lin’; (2) white, handwritten ‘nr. ardens ’; (3) white, handwritten ‘[worker] Bombus /(Pyrobombus)/ hypnorum /(Linnaeus)/ det. P.H. Williams /1991’; (4) green, printed in black ‘BOLD# (BEE-BOL /BBW/ PHW)/ 1550A06-TWN’; (5) white, printed in black ‘[worker] Bombus /(Pyrobombus)/ taiwanensis / det. P.H. Williams /2021’ (PHW). 1♂, labels: (1) orange, printed in black ‘C. TAIWAN: Tayuling/ 2560 m. Hualien Hsien / 9‒16.VI.1980 /K.S. Lin & B.H. Chen’; (2) white, handwritten ‘ ♂ Bombus /(Pyrobombus)/ hypnorum /(Linnaeus)/det. P.H. Williams /1991’; (3) green, printed in black ‘BOLD# (BEE-BOL /BBW/ PHW)/1550A07-TWN’; (4) white, printed in black ‘ ♂ Bombus /(Pyrobombus)/ taiwanensis /det. P.H. Williams /2021’ (PHW).
Etymology
Named for its occurrence in Taiwan, avoiding homonymy with earlier names in Bombus of formosanus, formosellus, formosulus and formosus.
Diagnosis
A predominantly black, orange-tailed bumblebee from Taiwan (Figure 1). Within the hypnorum complex distinguished by (Figure 1): female and male with the front, middle and hind leg basitarsi all with the integument lighter brown than the tibiae (vs darker like the rest of the body for B. hypnorum); hair (pubescence) of the metasoma with all of terga 4‒6 a pale but dull sandy brown or very pale orange (vs white for B. hypnorum). Female clypeus in the half nearest to the labrum smooth and shining with only a few large punctures, mostly spaced by much more than their own widths (Figure 2) (vs large punctures often separated by only their own widths for B. hypnorum). Male genitalia with the gonostylus inner anterior (basal) projection separated from the gonocoxa by less than the breadth of the recurved hook of the penis-valve head (vs separated by much more than the breadth of the recurved hook of the penis-valve head for B. hypnorum).
Description
Female habitus illustrated in Figure 1, body size small (worker body length 10‒12 mm), hair (pubescence) moderately long, wings nearly clear. Mandible with the distal notch anterior to the posterior tooth (incisura) very shallow and hardly marked. Oculo-malar area (‘cheek’ sensu Williams et al. 2014; not the gena) of medium length, 1.0× longer (length measured between the ventral edge of the compound eye and the edge of the malar area at the articulation of the mandible midway between the mandibular condyles) than the breadth of the mandible at its base (breadth between and including the mandibular condyles). Clypeus weakly swollen (Figure 2), its raised area nearly flat, the central area with few widely scattered large and medium punctures, few punctures especially medially and ventrally adjacent to the labrum. The area between the inner edge of the compound eye and the outer edge of the lateral ocellus occupied in just over its outer third by a broad band with a few mostly large punctures, spaced by more than their own widths, the smaller punctures between the larger punctures very few. Mid basitarsus with the distal posterior corner broadly rounded; hind tibia outer surface with a corbicula, the surface sculpturing weakly reticulate so that the surface appears slightly matt; hind basitarsus in the distal three-quarters covered with short branched decumbent and weakly overlapping hairs with golden reflections; tergum 6 posteriorly rounded and not divided medially, with a small subapical dorsal boss. Colour pattern of the hair of the body predominantly brownish black. Head entirely black except for orange hairs anteriorly on the labrum and laterally on the mandibles. Thoracic dorsum anterior to the wing bases with paler but dark sandy brown hair intermixed, this paler hair extending down the side of the thorax anteriorly, and on the scutellum posteriorly; the front, middle and hind leg tibiae all with some hairs orange, the basitarsi all with the integument lighter brown than the tibiae and with more orange hairs. Hair of the metasoma with tergum 3 posteriorly and all of terga 4‒6 a pale but dull sandy brown or very pale orange.
Male body size small (body length 12 mm), hair (pubescence) moderately long, wings nearly clear. Colour pattern of the hair of the body predominantly dark brownish, almost black. Head and the thoracic dorsum anterior to the wing bases with paler but dull sandy brown hair intermixed, this pale hair covering the side of the thorax (mesepisternum), and on most of the scutellum; the front, middle and hind leg tibiae all with the long hairs orange, the basitarsi all with the integument lighter brown than the tibiae and with the long hairs orange. Hair of the metasoma with tergum 1 and all of terga 4‒7 a pale but dull sandy-brown or very pale orange. Male genitalia with the gonostylus nearly triangular, the inner anterior (basal) projection separated from the gonocoxa by less than the breadth of the recurved hook of the penis-valve head; the volsella scarcely projecting beyond the gonostylus; the penis valve with the head recurved as a flattened sickle-shaped hook that is not strongly tapered.
Distribution
Endemic to the mountains of Hsinchu, Nantou and Hualien counties, central Taiwan, at elevations of 2300‒3100 m.
description: Published as part of Williams, Paul H., Sung, I-Hsin, Lin, Yi-Jing & Lu, Sheng-Shan, 2022, Discovering endemic species among the bumblebees of Taiwan (Apidae, genus Bombus), pp. 435-447 in Journal of Natural History 56 (5 - 8) on pages 438-442, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2052991, http://zenodo.org/record/6809722