cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Timescales for dynamical relaxation to the Born rule
Creators: name: Towler, M. D.
name: Russell, N. J.
name: Valentini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We illustrate through explicit numerical calculations how the Born-rule probability densities of non-relativistic quantum mechanics emerge naturally from the particle dynamics of de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory. The time evolution of a particle distribution initially not equal to the absolute square of the wave function is calculated for a particle in a two-dimensional infinite potential square well. Under the de Broglie-Bohm ontology, the box contains an objectively-existing 'pilot wave' which guides the electron trajectory, and this is represented mathematically by a Schroedinger wave function composed of a finite out-of-phase superposition of M energy eigenstates (with M ranging from 4 to 64). The electron density distributions are found to evolve naturally into the Born-rule ones and stay there; in analogy with the classical case this represents a decay to 'quantum equilibrium'. The proximity to equilibrium is characterized by the coarse-grained subquantum H-function which is found to decrease roughly exponentially towards zero over the course of time. The timescale tau for this relaxation is calculated for various values of M and the coarse-graining length epsilon. Its dependence on M is found to disagree with an earlier theoretical prediction. A power law - tau inversely proportional to M - is found to be fairly robust for all coarse-graining lengths and, although a weak dependence of tau on epsilon is observed, it does not appear to follow any straightforward scaling. A theoretical analysis is presented to explain these results. This improvement in our understanding of timescales for relaxation to quantum equilibrium is likely to be of use in the development of models of relaxation in the early universe, with a view to constraining possible violations of the Born rule in inflationary cosmology.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures; Replacement with small number of changes reflecting referees' comments
Brief of Joseph E. Stiglitz as Amicus Curiae in Support of Petitioners
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: Debts, Public
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Sovereign governments fund themselves to a large extent through public debt markets. The contracts for sovereign debts are thus essential to the operation of governments, and, in turn, the global economy. As with any financial enterprise, the contracts also provide guidance on what will occur in the event that the government cannot pay as promised. But the legal meaning of those contracts is irretrievably intertwined with the economic meaning; governments and bondholders alike care about the law because it guides their behavior. In other words, legal interpretations in this context can have profound consequences for the way that governments fund themselves and develop their economies. Professor Joseph Stiglitz files this brief to explain how the Second Circuit’s decision in this case—if left standing by this Court—will threaten to upend global sovereign-debt markets, harm developing nations, and challenge New York’s position as a global financial capital.1 No rational creditor would participate in a restructuring under the Second Circuit’s legal regime. Accepting partial payment initially is foolish when the law allows, even compels, full payment eventually. At the very least, the Second Circuit’s decision severely impedes potential debt restructurings under standard debt contracts and subverts debtors’ ability to start anew when they cannot pay back creditors. In the process, a basic principle of modern capitalism—that when debtors cannot pay back creditors, a fresh start is needed—has been overturned. This Court should step in and set things straight.
A comparative analysis and optimisation of thermo-mechanical energy storage technologies
Creators: name: Xue, Haobai
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: energy storage
Compresed Air Energy Storage
Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage
Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage
Pumped Thermal Energy Storage
Liquid Air Energy Storage
Electrical Energy Storage
Thermodynamic analysis
Exergy loss
Thermo-economic optimisation
Thermo-mechanical energy storage
Cost and efficiency optimisation

description: Electrical Energy Storage (EES) can decouple energy production from its consumption and is urgently needed by both conventional energy system for load leveling and renewable energy system for intermittency smoothing. Currently, Pumped Hydro Energy Storage (PHES) and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) are the main technologies employed, but they both suffer from high capital cost, geographical constraints and environmental issues. Therefore, many innovative concepts of EES technologies have been proposed recently, including the Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES), Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES), Isothermal Compressed Air Energy Storage (I-CAES) and Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES). All of these EES store electricity in the forms of thermal or mechanical energy, and are most suitable for large-scale energy storage. As a result, they have received intensive treatment from both the industry and academia, but a comparative study and optimization of these large-scale thermo-mechanical energy storage systems from a thermo-economic perspective has so far been lacking, which forms the major part of this thesis. In this thesis, a complete set of system models have been developed for each EES technology, incorporating both thermodynamic and economic factors with due consideration for the constraints and variation ranges of each parameter. Then parametric studies are carried out for each system to analyze the impact of each parameter on the system performance (e.g., efficiency and unit cost). Loss and cost distributions are given for the representative cases, and the detailed explanation and potential improvement are also provided. After that, thermoeconomic optimizations are carried out for each individual system, and the trade-off between efficiency and unit cost as well as the main factors controlling this trade-off are revealed. Finally, these optimized systems are compared with each other, and new EES systems that combined the merits of existing ones are proposed as well. The results show that A-CAES and I-CAES tend to have higher system efficiency and lower unit cost than PTES and LAES, but the PTES and LAES enjoys higher energy density and more siting freedom. More information about the component efficiency and cost is required for an accurate comparison between A-CAES and I-CAES, and between PTES and LAES.
Crisis Averted? Learning from the Global Financial Crisis
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Economic policy
Financial crises
Econometric models

description: Nobel Laureate Professor Joseph Stiglitz on why the wold did not see the Global Financial Crisis coming and what lessons we should learn from it. This article is a modified and condensed transcript of Professor Stiglitz's Crawford Oration at ANU on 30 June.
Social Protection Without Protectionism
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Globalization
Protectionism
Civil defense
Economic security

description: The various papers in this volume highlight different dimensions of the rise in insecurity. The increased threat of terrorism may have decreased our sense of physical security. With growing numbers of Americans not covered by health insurance, there is an increase in “health insecurity.” In addition, global warming confronts everyone around the world with an important new set of environmental risks. This chapter focuses on one key dimension of insecurity—economic insecurity. This chapter argues that a need for enhanced social protection exists and that this social protection will not only decrease the demand for protectionism but also enhance the efficiency of the economy. This chapter then describes some innovative forms that this social protection might take. First, however, the theory of market failures on which the principle of social protection lies is explained, and how globalization may have made the problem of providing social protection more difficult is described.
Predicting the Spin-Lattice Order of Frustrated Systems from First-Principles
Creators: name: Xiang, H. J.
name: Kan, E. J.
name: Wei, Su-Huai
name: Whangbo, M. -H.
name: Gong, X. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel general method of describing the spin-lattice interactions in magnetic solids was proposed in terms of first principles calculations. The spin exchange and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions as well as their derivatives with respect to atomic displacements can be evaluated efficiently on the basis of density functional calculations for four ordered spin states. By taking into consideration the spin-spin interactions, the phonons, and the coupling between them, we show that the ground state structure of a representative spin-frustrated spinel, MgCr2 O4, is tetragonally distorted, in agreement with experiments. However, our calculations find the lowest energy for the collinear spin ground state, in contrast to previously suggested non-collinear models.
Galendromus (Galendromus) annectens De Leon 1958
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Galendromus
Galendromus annectens

description: Galendromus (Galendromus) annectens (De Leon, 1958)
 Typhlodromus annectens De Leon, 1958: 75.
 Galendromus (Galendromus) annectens.––Moraes et al., 2004: 265. Galendromus annectens.–– Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 167.
 Records in Bahia: Galendromus annectens.–– Noronha et al., 2004: 55; Fiaboe et al., 2007: 7; Typhlodromus annectens.–– Moraes et al., 1993: 80.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
A Social Democratic Agenda for a More Dynamic Indian Economy: Creating an Innovative and Learning Society
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Socialism
Economic development
Learning
Democracy

description: Jawaharlal Nehru has become a symbol of the fight for freedom, independence and democracy throughout the world. He had high aspirations for a resurgent India, aspirations that are today being fulfilled. But the struggle for dignity, equality and democracy, and for improving the living standards of all citizens within the country is a never-ending struggle. It is about this struggle, about the transformations of the economy, politics and society that are necessary to achieve victory in this struggle, that I wish to speak. In this paper, I want to put forward three hypotheses: 1. Successful and 'sustained' growth requires creating a learning society. And this is especially so in the 21st century as we move to a knowledge economy. 2. An open, democratic society is more conducive to the creation of a learning society. 3. Successful and sustained democratic growth must be inclusive.
China and Science Diplomacy: An Emerging or a Marginal Policy?
Creators: name: Freeman, Duncan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: China
Science Diplomacy

description: The term “science diplomacy” has become widely used in recent years, especially in the developed economies of the “West”. The term has also been adopted in China, where it has been incorporated into academic discussion and policy making in the area of international science and technology cooperation. However, science and technology have been an element in China’s relations with the external world for many centuries, and moved centre stage in the relationship with the West since the 19th century. The success of China in creating scientific capacities in recent decades is the basis of the possibility for it to conduct its own science diplomacy. Yet, despite the adoption of the idea in recent government policy documents, it is unclear that a coherent new science diplomacy has emerged in China that is integrated into wider foreign policy. A question arises as to whether science diplomacy is still an emerging policy, or whether merely a marginal one. Many aspects of what is now called science diplomacy are continuations of China’s existing international science policies, which focus on global competition as well as cooperation. While science diplomacy is frequently considered to be a tool of soft power, scientific and technological capacities underlie hard power. In an environment where global military and economic competition dominates, science diplomacy may be overtaken by harder power considerations.
Notes on Yang-Mills--Higgs monopoles and dyons on R^D, and Chern-Simons--Higgs solitons on \R^{D-2}: Dimensional reduction of Chern-Pontryagin densities
Creators: name: Tchrakian, D. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review work on construction of Monopoles in higher dimensions. These are solutions to a particular class of models descending from Yang--Mills systems on even dimensional bulk, with Spheres as codimensions. The topological lower bounds on the Yang-Mills action translate to Bogomol'nyi lower bounds on the residual Yang-Mills-Higgs systems. Mostly, consideration is restricted to 8 dimensional bulk systems, but extension to the arbitrary case follows systematically. After presenting the monopoles, the corresponding dyons are also constructed. Finally, new Chern-Simons densities expressed in terms of Yang-Mills and Higgs fields are presented. These are defined in all dimensions, including in even dimensional spacetimes. They are constructed by subjecting the dimensionally reduced Chern-Pontryagin densites to further descent by two steps.
description: 50 pages, no figures. Revised and extended final version
Mutual Understanding between People and Systems via Neurosymbolic AI and Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Celino, Irene
name: Scrocca, Mario
name: Chiatti, Agnese
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This chapter investigates the concept of mutual understanding between humans and systems, positing that Neuro-symbolic Artificial Intelligence (NeSy AI) methods can significantly enhance this mutual understanding by leveraging explicit symbolic knowledge representations with data-driven learning models. We start by introducing three critical dimensions to characterize mutual understanding: sharing knowledge, exchanging knowledge, and governing knowledge. Sharing knowledge involves aligning the conceptual models of different agents to enable a shared understanding of the domain of interest. Exchanging knowledge relates to ensuring the effective and accurate communication between agents. Governing knowledge concerns establishing rules and processes to regulate the interaction between agents. Then, we present several different use case scenarios that demonstrate the application of NeSy AI and Knowledge Graphs to aid meaningful exchanges between human, artificial, and robotic agents. These scenarios highlight both the potential and the challenges of combining top-down symbolic reasoning with bottom-up neural learning, guiding the discussion of the coverage provided by current solutions along the dimensions of sharing, exchanging, and governing knowledge. Concurrently, this analysis facilitates the identification of gaps and less developed aspects in mutual understanding to address in future research.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures, 1 table; pre-print version of book chapter
Pion productions by proton and Helium-3 on Au197 target at beam energies of 2.8, 5, 10 and 16.587 GeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Yong, Gao-Chan
name: Chen, Xurong
name: Xu, Hu-Shan
name: Zuo, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a Relativistic Boltzmann-Uehling- Uhlenbeck transport model, proton and $^{3}$He induced reactions on $^{197}$Au target at beam energies of 2.8, 5, 10 and 16.587 GeV/nucleon are studied. It is found that compared with proton induced reactions, $^{3}$He induced reactions give larger cross sections of pion production, about 5 times those of the proton induced reactions. And more importantly, pion production from $^{3}$He induced reaction is more inclined to low-angle emission. Neutrino production via positively charged pion is also discussed accordingly.
description: 5 pages, 11 figures, one figure(fig9) was added to show the scaling behavior of pion production, AMPT calculations were discussed, accepted by PRC
Institutional Design for China's Innovation System: Implications for Intellectual Property Rights
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Law and economic development
Intellectual property
Organizational change

description: Thirty years ago, China began its march to a market economy “with Chinese AQ1 characteristics.” At the time, it was not clear what that meant. Even today, what this entails is the subject of debate and discussion. Various chapters in this book have focused on what it might involve for, for instance, the property rights regime. This chapter focuses on a particular kind of property—intellectual property— and its role as part of society’s innovation system. A country’s innovation system is the collection of institutions that promote innovation, providing incentives and finance and allocating resources among researchers and research projects. The innovation system is concerned with the production, import, and dissemination of ideas and knowledge throughout the economy and society, including the creation of new products and the improvement of production processes.
Semi-supervised Learning for Photometric Supernova Classification
Creators: name: Richards, Joseph W.
name: Homrighausen, Darren
name: Freeman, Peter E.
name: Schafer, Chad M.
name: Poznanski, Dovi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a semi-supervised method for photometric supernova typing. Our approach is to first use the nonlinear dimension reduction technique diffusion map to detect structure in a database of supernova light curves and subsequently employ random forest classification on a spectroscopically confirmed training set to learn a model that can predict the type of each newly observed supernova. We demonstrate that this is an effective method for supernova typing. As supernova numbers increase, our semi-supervised method efficiently utilizes this information to improve classification, a property not enjoyed by template based methods. Applied to supernova data simulated by Kessler et al. (2010b) to mimic those of the Dark Energy Survey, our methods achieve (cross-validated) 95% Type Ia purity and 87% Type Ia efficiency on the spectroscopic sample, but only 50% Type Ia purity and 50% efficiency on the photometric sample due to their spectroscopic follow-up strategy. To improve the performance on the photometric sample, we search for better spectroscopic follow-up procedures by studying the sensitivity of our machine learned supernova classification on the specific strategy used to obtain training sets. With a fixed amount of spectroscopic follow-up time, we find that deeper magnitude-limited spectroscopic surveys are better for producing training sets. For supernova Ia (II-P) typing, we obtain a 44% (1%) increase in purity to 72% (87%) and 30% (162%) increase in efficiency to 65% (84%) of the sample using a 25th (24.5th) magnitude-limited survey instead of the shallower spectroscopic sample used in the original simulations. When redshift information is available, we incorporate it into our analysis using a novel method of altering the diffusion map representation of the supernovae. Incorporating host redshifts leads to a 5% improvement in Type Ia purity and 13% improvement in Type Ia efficiency.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Enskog Theory for Polydisperse Granular Mixtures. III. Comparison of dense and dilute transport coefficients and equations of state for a binary mixture
Creators: name: Murray, J. Aaron
name: Hrenya, Christine M.
name: Garzo, Vicente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of a dense-phase treatment on the hydrodynamic description of granular, binary mixtures relative to a previous dilute-phase treatment. Two theories were considered for this purpose. The first, proposed by Garzó and Dufty (GD) [Phys. Fluids {\bf 14}, 146 (2002)], is based on the Boltzmann equation which does not incorporate finite-volume effects, thereby limiting its use to dilute flows. The second, proposed by Garzó, Hrenya and Dufty (GHD) [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 76}, 31303 and 031304 (2007)], is derived from the Enskog equation which does account for finite-volume effects; accordingly this theory can be applied to moderately dense systems as well. To demonstrate the significance of the dense-phase treatment relative to its dilute counterpart, the ratio of dense (GHD) to dilute (GD) predictions of all relevant transport coefficients and equations of state are plotted over a range of physical parameters (volume fraction, coefficients of restitution, material density ratio, diameter ratio, and mixture composition). These plots reveal the deviation between the two treatments, which can become quite large ($>$100%) even at moderate values of the physical parameters. Such information will be useful when choosing which theory is most applicable to a given situation, since the dilute theory offers relative simplicity and the dense theory offers improved accuracy. It is also important to note that several corrections to original GHD expressions are presented here in the form of a complete, self-contained set of relevant equations.
description: 11 figures, two new Appendices have been added
Crises and Contagion: A Survey
Creators: name: Knyazeva, Anzhela
name: Knyazeva, Diana
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Economics
Financial crises
Contagion (Social psychology)
Economic policy

description: There is a large literature on crises and contagion. This survey focuses on the theory, and in particular on how to reconcile crises with standard neoclassical theory and macroeconomics. A central thesis of this survey is that understanding crises requires an understanding of market imperfections – and especially of the constraints, for instance, on borrowing, imposed by imperfect information – and how those market imperfections interact with irrationalities on the part of market participants and imperfections in the regulatory environment. This paper is divided into three sections. The first surveys the literature on what causes crises; the second on contagion and the effect of interdependence in amplifying crises; the third on the role of government. Not surprisingly, theories which stress the efficiency and stability of markets look to government as the source of the problem; stability is attained by government not interfering in the natural workings of the market. Theories which see the economy as inherently inefficient and unstable look to government to help correct market failures. Ascertaining which of these theories is correct is not easy, and beyond the task of this short survey. One of the reasons for the difficulties is that there are elements of many of the alternative approaches present in every crisis. No one could look at the recession of 2008 or the Irish banking crisis without noting market irrationalities. But does that mean we could not have had a crisis in the absence of such irrationalities? The major shock was an endogenous one – a housing bubble; the shock was not an exogenous event (‘a once in a hundred year flood’) but there were exogenous (at least to the economic system) events that perhaps could have triggered a major downturn, reflected in the spike in oil and food prices.
Pyrethroid insecticide biomarker analyses by gas chromatography - ion trap mass spectrometry: novel aspects of method development and application in at-risk populations
Creators: name: Wren, Melody A.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: This study's main objective was to develop and validate novel pyrethroid exposure biomarkers and assess novel aspects of pyrethroid exposure characterization. This was achieved by 1) developing and applying a sensitive method to measure six pyrethroid metabolites in umbilical cord serum, 2) developing and validating a method to detect six pyrethroid metabolites in saliva of occupationally exposed workers, and 3) comparing performance of two gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry (GCITMS) instruments based on ion source placement. Aim 1 validated a novel method to detect pyrethroid metabolites in cord serum samples. Of the six pyrethroid metabolites analyzed for, five were found in 62 samples analyzed from maternal-fetal dyads from central New Jersey, USA. Non-specific metabolites, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), trans and cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (t- and c-DCCA), and trans-chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid (t-CDCA) were found in 32%, 16%, 8% and 8% of samples, respectively, while specific metabolites, 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA) and cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (c-DBCA) were detected in 3% and 0% of the samples, respectively. The geometric mean for 3-PBA was 0.11 ng/mL and below limit of detection (LOD were found in 100% of the population. 3PBA was present in saliva
Analyzing Legal Formality and Informality: Lessons From Land-Titling and Microfinance Programs
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
name: Haldar, Antara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Microfinance
Law and economic development
Formalities (Law)

description: Despite the fact that China has experienced incredible growth, there is a great deal of pressure on it to adopt a more formal legal framework—particularly with respect to economic matters. Chicago School law and economics—emphasizing the importance of formal law for development, particularly for protecting private property and the enforcing of contracts—has been influential in this discourse.2 This book has argued, however, that Chicago-style law and economics makes assumptions about the economy, as well as what the law is and how it functions, that are far from trivial and mostly untrue. Kennedy and Stiglitz in their introduction to this volume, as well as Chapters 1, 4, and 5, highlight some of these limitations and analyze their implications. Here, we focus on one particular aspect of this legal tradition: the Chicago School underestimates the difficulty of fully articulating a set of rules, as well as the role that social norms play in the legal process. As we will show, property rights are fundamentally affected by norms of use, and contracts are never complete. We will focus on four central questions. First, how does the de Soto scheme perform? In particular, as the most recent vintage of high-profile formal law reform projects, does it overcome the chronic problems faced by its predecessors—legal transplants that fail to “take root” in the developing world? Second, how does the more informal, community-based Grameen model perform, especially in relative terms? Third, how do these two models relate to the Chinese experience? Fourth, how can the relationship between law and norms be characterized, and what insights do these two experiments have for our understanding of this relationship? To what extent should we view formal law and informal norms as substitutes or complements? The central task of the chapter will be to draw insights from the comparison of formal and informal means to achieve a common developmental goal—in this case, access to credit—for systems of regulation in general. The chapter is divided into four parts. The first frames the discussion, while the following section compares the two alternative models of institutional evolution—the Yunus and de Soto programs—in terms of their efficiency and equity impacts and analyzes them in static and dynamic terms. The third section examines how the two models relate to the Chinese experience and the fourth section concludes.
Characterizing Spinning Black Hole Binaries in Eccentric Orbits with LISA
Creators: name: Key, Joey Shapiro
name: Cornish, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is designed to detect gravitational wave signals from astrophysical sources, including those from coalescing binary systems of compact objects such as black holes. Colliding galaxies have central black holes that sink to the center of the merged galaxy and begin to orbit one another and emit gravitational waves. Some galaxy evolution models predict that the binary black hole system will enter the LISA band with significant orbital eccentricity, while other models suggest that the orbits will already have circularized. Using a full seventeen parameter waveform model that includes the effects of orbital eccentricity, spin precession and higher harmonics, we investigate how well the source parameters can be inferred from simulated LISA data. Defining the reference eccentricity as the value one year before merger, we find that for typical LISA sources, it will be possible to measure the eccentricity to an accuracy of parts in a thousand. The accuracy with which the eccentricity can be measured depends only very weakly on the eccentricity, making it possible to distinguish circular orbits from those with very small eccentricities. LISA measurements of the orbital eccentricity can help constraints theories of galaxy mergers in the early universe. Failing to account for the eccentricity in the waveform modeling can lead to a loss of signal power and bias the estimation of parameters such as the black hole masses and spins.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, references, text and figures updated
Induced Delocalization by Correlation and Interaction in the one-dimensional Anderson Model
Creators: name: Albrecht, Conrad
name: Wimberger, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider long-range correlated disorder and mutual interacting particles according to a dipole-dipole coupling as modifications to the one-dimensional Anderson model. Technically we rely on the (numerical) exact diagonalization of the system's Hamilitonian. From the perspective of different localization measures we confirm and extend the picture of the emergence of delocalized states with increasing correlations. Beside these studies a definition for multi-particle localization is proposed. In the case of two interacting bosons we observe a sensitivity of localization with respect to the range of the particle-particle interaction and insensitivity to the coupling's sign, which should stimulate new theoretical approaches and experimental investigations with e.g. dipolar cold quantum gases. This revised manuscript is much more explicit compared to the initial version of the paper. Major extensions have been applied to Sects. II and III where we updated and added figures and we more extensively compared our results to the literature. Furthermore, Sect. III additionally contains a phenomenological line of reasoning that bridges from delocalization by correlation to delocalization by interaction on the basis of the multi-particle Hamilton matrix.
Introduction
Creators: name: Kaldor, Mary
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Globalization
Protectionism
International relations
Civil defense

description: This is an introduction to the book "Law and Economic Development with Chinese Characteristics: Institutions for the 21st Century." This book looks at what has traditionally been one of the central responsibilities of the nation-state—providing security to its citizens, protecting them against risks posed, for instance, by the threat of violence, economic disorder, or environmental hazards. As we have noted, today many of the risks come from beyond the nation-state and have to be addressed globally. This book is unusual in bringing together discussions of three arenas that are typically covered by scholars from distinct fields. Security experts, environmentalists, political scientists, sociologists, and economists seldom break bread together, let alone engage in analytic discussions or in policy debates. We brought these disparate scholars together partly because we believe that there are strong parallels between what is going on in each of these areas—a study in one arena may provide insights into the others. But there is an even more profound reason why these topics need to be addressed together: They are inextricably intertwined. The failure to provide a modicum of economic security is giving rise to extremism, which may manifest itself in violence and physical insecurity. Violence, in turn, impedes growth and leads to economic insecurity. Today, in many parts of the world, climate change is bringing droughts, floods, and unparalleled levels of economic insecurity. And if the consequences of this economic insecurity in places such as Pakistan are not addressed better than they have been, there is more than a little risk that already high levels of violence will worsen. The chapters in this volume provide a convincing case that the world can provide “protection without protectionism” in each of the arenas that we examine: That economic, physical, and environmental security can be enhanced best by global cooperation, far better than can be achieved by withdrawing behind closed doors. That this is the better way is clear. Whether it is the path the world will take is less so.
Leonseius regularis De Leon 1965
Creators: name: Argolo, Poliane Sá
name: Vital Santos, Renata M.
name: Leão Bittencourt, Maria A.
name: Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C.
name: De Moraes, Gilberto J.
name: Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Leonseius
Leonseius regularis

description: Leonseius regularis (De Leon, 1965)
 Typhloseiopsis regularis De Leon, 1965a: 123.
 Leonseius regularis.––Moraes et al., 2004: 275; Chant & McMurtry, 2007: 161. Records in Bahia: Leonseius regularis.–– Nuvoloni et al., 2015: 261; Souza et al., 2015: 104; present study.
description: Published as part of Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/570106
Anomalous vortex ring velocities induced by thermally-excited Kelvin waves and counterflow effects in superfluids
Creators: name: Krstulovic, Giorgio
name: Brachet, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical counterflow effects on vortex evolution under the truncated Gross-Pitaevskii equation are investigated. Standard longitudinal mutual friction effects are produced and a dilatation of vortex rings is obtained at large counterflow. A strong temperature-dependent anomalous slowdown of vortex rings is observed and attributed to the presence of thermally exited Kelvin waves. This generic effect of finite-temperature superfluids is estimated using energy equipartition and orders of magnitude are given for weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid $^4{\rm He}$.
Nonequilibrium ionization states and cooling rates of the photoionized enriched gas
Creators: name: Vasiliev, Evgenii O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonequilibrium (time-dependent) cooling rates and ionization state calculations are presented for low-density gas enriched with heavy elements (metals) and photoionized by external ultraviolet/X-ray radiation. We consider a wide range of gas densities and metallicities and also two types of external radiation field: a power-law and the extragalactic background spectra. We have found that both cooling efficiencies and ionic composition of enriched photoionized gas depend significantly on the gas metallicity and density, the flux amplitude, and the shape of ionizing radiation spectrum. The cooling rates and ionic composition of gas in nonequilibrium photoionization models differ strongly (by a factor of several) from those in photoequilibrium due to overionization of the ionic states in the nonequilibrium case. The difference is maximal at low values of the ionization parameter and similar in magnitude to that between the equlibrium and nonequilibrium cooling rates in the collisionally controlled gas. In general, the nonequilibrium effects are notable at $T\simlt 10^6$ K. In this temperature range, the mismatch of the ionic states and their ratios between the photoequilibrium and the photo-nonequilibrium models reach a factor of several. The net result is that the time-dependent energy losses due to each chemical element (i.e. the contributions to the total cooling rate) differ singificantly from the photoequilibrium ones. We advocate the use of nonequilibrium cooling rates and ionic states for gas with near-solar (and above) metallicity exposed to an arbitrary ionizing radiation flux. We provide a parameter space (in terms of temperature, density, metallicity and ionizing radiation flux), where the nonequilibrium cooling rates are to be used. (abridged)
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Shear viscosity, cavitation and hydrodynamics at LHC
Creators: name: Bhatt, Jitesh R.
name: Mishra, Hiranmaya
name: Sreekanth, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study evolution of quark-gluon matter in the ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions within the frame work of relativistic second-order viscous hydrodynamics. In particular, by using the various prescriptions of a temperature-dependent shear viscosity to the entropy ratio, we show that the hydrodynamic description of the relativistic fluid become invalid due to the phenomenon of cavitation. For most of the initial conditions relevant for LHC, the cavitation sets in very early during the evolution of the hydrodynamics in time $\lesssim 2 $fm/c. The cavitation in this case is entirely driven by the large values of shear viscosity. Moreover we also demonstrate that the conformal term used in equations of the relativistic dissipative hydrodynamic can influence the cavitation time.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Phys. Lett. B
Creating the Institutional Foundations for a Market Economy
Creators: name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Capitalism
Law and economic development

description: This chapter (and more broadly, this book) focuses on one aspect of China’s transition—the creation of the institutions that underlie a market economy. It focuses more narrowly on one set of institutions, the legal frameworks, which provide the rules of the game. How those rules are set will have an enormous impact on how China will evolve in coming decades. If it sets the wrong rules, creates the wrong legal frameworks, establishes “flawed” institutional arrangements, it may be able, at least for a while, to maintain growth; but it could also see a more divided society, marked with greater inequality. It is even possible that growth—correctly measured—will not be sustained. Much depends on the decisions that China makes in the next few years. As we argued in the Introduction, there is a battle of ideas concerning alternative frameworks. This chapter sets the stage by looking at some of the key challenges facing China at this point in its transition to a market economy. This chapter is divided into nine sections. First, we discuss the objectives that China should be pursuing in the context of the multiple transitions in which it is engaged. Next, we look at one of the critical institutions, “the plan,” which has served to guide China’s development over the past fifty-five years. In the following sections, I discuss the critical “transitions”—from export-led growth to domestic- led growth, to an innovative economy, toward an environmentally sustainable economy, to an urban society with livable cities. Finally, we discuss some of the broader institutional innovations that will be required.
Complex Derivatives
Creators: name: Battiston, Stefano
name: Caldarelli, Guido
name: Georg, Co-Pierre
name: May, Robert M.
name: Stiglitz, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Derivative securities
Financial institutions

description: The intrinsic complexity of the financial derivatives market has emerged as both an incentive to engage in it, and a key source of its inherent instability. Regulators now faced with the challenge of taming this beast may find inspiration in the budding science of complex systems. When financial derivatives were cast in 2002 as latent 'weapons of mass destruction', one might have expected the world at large to sit up and listen — particularly in the wake of subsequent events that led to the financial crisis of 2008. Instead, the derivatives market continues to grow in size and complexity (Fig. 1), spawning a new generation of financial innovations, and raising concerns about its potential impact on the economy as a whole. A derivative instrument is a financial contract between two parties, in which the value of the payoff is derived from the value of another financial instrument or asset, called the underlying entity. In some cases, this contract acts as a kind of insurance: in a credit default swap, for example, a lender might buy protection from a third party to insure against the default of the borrower. However, unlike conventional insurance, in which a person necessarily owns the house she wants to insure, derivatives can be negotiated on any underlying entity — meaning anyone could take out insurance on the house in question. Speculation therefore emerges as another reason to trade in derivatives. By engaging in a speculative derivatives market, players can potentially amplify their gains, which is arguably the most plausible explanation for the proliferation of derivatives in recent years. Needless to say, losses are also amplified. Unlike bets on, say, dice — where the chances of the outcome are not affected by the bet itself — the more market players bet on the default of a country, the more likely the default becomes. Eventually the game becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, as in a bank run, where if each party believes that others will withdraw their money from the bank, it pays each to do so. More perversely, in some cases parties have incentives (and opportunities) to precipitate these events, by spreading rumours or by manipulating the prices on which the derivatives are contingent — a situation seen most recently in the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) affair. Proponents of derivatives have long argued that these instruments help to stabilize markets by distributing risk, but it has been shown recently that in many situations risk sharing can also lead to instabilities.
The poetics of recapitulative linkage in Matsigenka and mixed Matsigenka-Spanish myth narrations
Creators: name: Emlen, Nicholas Q.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: In a small community in the Andean-Amazonian transitional zone of Southern Peru, speakers of Matsigenka use recapitulative linkages in myth narrations. These constructions establish a kind of rhythm, distinctive to the myth narration discourse genre, through which the events of the narrative unfold, information is introduced and elaborated, and suspense and surprise are achieved. This chapter describes the structural and discursive properties of these linking devices and their use in myth narrations. Bridging clauses generally recapitulate reference clauses verbatim or with minor modifications, and are usually linked to discourse-new information as simple juxtaposed clauses (though there is much variation in the structure and pragmatic functions of these constructions). Though the constructions contribute to discourse cohesion, their function is primarily poetic in nature. Furthermore, when Matsigenka speakers narrate the same myths in Spanish and in mixed Matsigenka-Spanish speech, they use the same kinds of linking constructions (which are otherwise uncommon in Spanish). Thus, the transfer of this kind of pattern from Matsigenka to Spanish is regimented by discourse genre, and offers an illustration of the cultural (i.e., metapragmatic) mediation of \isi{language contact
QCD simulations with staggered fermions on GPUs
Creators: name: Bonati, Claudio
name: Cossu, Guido
name: D'Elia, Massimo
name: Incardona, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on our implementation of the RHMC algorithm for the simulation of lattice QCD with two staggered flavors on Graphics Processing Units, using the NVIDIA CUDA programming language. The main feature of our code is that the GPU is not used just as an accelerator, but instead the whole Molecular Dynamics trajectory is performed on it. After pointing out the main bottlenecks and how to circumvent them, we discuss the obtained performances. We present some preliminary results regarding OpenCL and multiGPU extensions of our code and discuss future perspectives.
description: 22 pages, 14 eps figures, final version to be published in Computer Physics Communications