cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stellar population in Active Galactic Nuclei. I. The Observations
Creators: name: Roos, M. Serote
name: Boisson, C.
name: Joly, M.
name: Ward, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations supported by theoretical models have lead to the view that giant and supergiant stars are over abundant, and/or a high metallicity component may be present, in the stellar populations at the centres of active galaxies. Here we attempt to quantify these effects by observing the strengths of the stellar absorption lines of Mg~b, NaI, CaII triplet as well as molecular bands such as CN and TiO. Using long-slit spectroscopic data we are able to separate the stellar populations in and around the nucleus, for a sample including, normal, LINER, starburst and Seyfert galaxies. In this paper we present the data, namely spectra of the nucleus and of a number of circum-nuclear regions. Comparisons reveal gradients in both the reddening and the stellar population within the central regions of most galaxies. Detailed stellar population synthesis is presented in a companion paper.
Thin film composite membranes by interfacial polymerization for organic solvent nanofiltration
Creators: name: Jimenez Solomon, Maria Fernanda
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: One of the challenges of current organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes is to improve permeability in polar and non-polar solvents without compromising selectivity. Here, the development of a new generation of OSN membranes: High flux Thin Film Composite membranes (TFC) via interfacial polymerization (IP), is proposed. This thesis offers a comprehensive study that analyses the relationship of OSN high flux TFC membrane formation and post-formation parameters, morphology, structure and surface polarity, to membrane functional performance in both polar and non polar solvents. The dissertation starts with the development of novel high flux TFC membranes for polar aprotic solvents to address the trade-off between permeability and selectivity. This is accomplished by using two different approaches: (a) incorporation of polyethylene glycol inside the pores of the support prior to the IP reaction, and; (b) post-treatment of the TFC membranes with an “activating solvent”. Subsequently, a detailed analysis of membrane performance and morphology, considering the aforementioned approaches was conducted, resulting in dramatically increased solvent fluxes without compromising rejection. Additionally, a detailed study to manipulate molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of these TFC membranes was carried out and successfully achieved by using different amines in the IP reaction. Next, novel high flux hydrophobic TFC membranes via IP with tuned MWCO for non-polar solvents were developed, elucidated and studied. The surface properties of hydrophilic TFC OSN membranes were modified by capping the free acyl chloride groups on their surface with different monomers containing hydrophobic groups. A detailed study on surface polarity and membrane performance was undertaken, suggesting that surface chemistry plays an important role in solvent permeation. The membrane performance was compared to commercial OSN integrally skinned asymmetric (ISA) and TFC rubber-coated membranes. In the next stage of this thesis, the effects of different support membranes on TFC membrane formation and functional performance were studied for both polar and non-polar solvents. It was found that support membranes have an effect on TFC membrane formation and solvent permeation. Finally, to increase permeability even further without a requirement for treating the TFC membrane with an activating solvent, highly porous TFC membranes have been developed via IP by controlling the structure of the top layer at a molecular level. This was achieved by incorporating a monomer with a contorted structure during the IP reaction, resulting in a highly porous polymer network. It is believed high flux TFC OSN membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization may offer new degrees of freedom in membrane design, which could lead to the next generation of high performance OSN membranes.
Hadron Masses and Decay Constants with Wilson Quarks at $β=5.85$ and 6.0
Creators: name: Iwasaki, Y.
name: Kanaya, K.
name: Yoshié, T.
name: Hoshino, T.
name: Shirakawa, T.
name: Oyanagi, Y.
name: Ichii, S.
name: Kawai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a high statistics calculation of hadron masses and meson decay constants in the quenched approximation to lattice QCD with Wilson quarks at $β=$ 5.85 and 6.0 on $24^3 \times 54$ lattices. We analyze the data paying attention in particular to the systematic errors due to the choice of fitting range and due to the contamination from excited states. We find that the systematic errors for the hadron masses with quarks lighter than the strange quark amount to 1 --- 2 times the statistical errors. When the lattice scale is fixed from the $ρ$ meson mass, the masses of the $Ω^{-}$ baryon and the $ϕ$ meson at two $β$'s agree with experiment within about one standard deviation. On the other hand, the central value of the nucleon mass at $β=6.0$ (5.85) is larger than its experimental value by about 15\% (20\%) and that of the $Δ$ mass by about 15\% (4\%): Even when the systematic errors are included, the baryon masses at $β=6.0$ do not agree with experiment. Vector meson decay constants at two values of $β$ agree well with each other and are consistent with experiment for a wide range of the quark mass, when we use current renormalization constants determined nonperturbatively by numerical simulations. The pion decay constant agrees with experiment albeit with large errors. Results for the masses of excited states of the $ρ$ meson and the nucleon are also presented.
description: 50 pages, 30 figures
Geometric and nongeometric contributions to the surface anomalous Hall conductivity
Creators: name: Rauch, Tomáš
name: Olsen, Thomas
name: Vanderbilt, David
name: Souza, Ivo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A static electric field generates circulating currents at the surfaces of a magnetoelectric insulator. The anomalous Hall part of the surface conductivity tensor describing such bound currents can change by multiples of $e^2/h$ depending on the insulating surface preparation, and a bulk calculation does not fix its quantized part. To resolve this ambiguity, we develop a formalism for calculating the full surface anomalous Hall conductivity in a slab geometry. We identify a Berry-curvature term, closely related to the expression for the bulk anomalous Hall conductivity, whose value can change by quantized amounts by adjusting the surface Hamiltonian. In addition, the surface anomalous Hall conductivity contains a nongeometric part that does not depend on the surface preparation.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
ORCTL3: Insights into the Function and the Structure of a Novel Anticancer Gene
Creators: name: AbuAli, Ghada
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2013

description: ORCTL3 was recently isolated as a gene with a tumour-speci c apoptosis activity. Its transfection into transformed cells elicits an apoptosis response, while normal cells remain unaffected. In this study I show that ORCTL3 is activated for apoptosis induction by individual tumourigenic mutations in renal cells. Its activity is also shared by other so-called anticancer genes such as Mda-7/IL-24, TRAIL, Apoptin, and Par-4. This effect is independent of the tumour cells' proliferation status and is mediated by an incomplete ER stress response, characterised by ATF4, but not BiP accumulation. ATF4 upregulation and also the ARCosome, a recently discovered caspase-8-activation complex, are required for apoptosis by ORCTL3. For its effect, ORCTL3 targets the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) that is involved in the fatty acid metabolism. This is evidenced by the inhibition of apoptosis induced through ORCTL3 when the SCD-1 product oleic acid is exogenously supplemented and by the replication of its tumour-specific effect upon chemical inhibition of SCD-1. ORCTL3's activity to specifically target tumour cells is caused by the transmembrane domains 3 and 4 of the mouse, but not the human, gene and critically depends on the expression level of the ORCTL3 protein. Finally, an adenovirus carrying the expression cassette of ORCTL3 leads to an efficient expression and therefore, substantial and specific destruction of primary renal tumour cells compared to their normal counterparts. My results indicate that ORCTL3 induces tumour-specific apoptosis by specifically targeting cancer metabolism and suggest novel therapeutic interferences for renal tumours.
Monopoles in higher dimensions
Creators: name: Marques Fernandes Oliveira, Goncalo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: The Bogomolnyi equation is a PDE for a connection and a Higgs field on a bundle over a 3 dimensional Riemannian manifold. Possible extensions of this PDE to higher dimensions preserving the ellipticity modulo gauge transformations require some extra structure, which is available both in 6 dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds and 7 dimensional G2 manifolds. These extensions are known as higher dimensional monopole equations and Donaldson and Segal proposed that “counting” solutions (monopoles) may give invariants of certain noncompact Calabi-Yau or G2 manifolds. In this thesis this possibility is investigated and examples of monopoles are constructed on certain Calabi-Yau and G2 manifolds. Moreover, this thesis also develops a Fredholm setup and a moduli theory for monopoles on asymptotically conical manifolds.
Path-integral approach for nonequilibrium multi-time correlation functions of open quantum systems coupled to Markovian and non-Markovian environments
Creators: name: Cosacchi, Michael
name: Cygorek, Moritz
name: Ungar, Florian
name: Barth, Andreas M.
name: Vagov, Alexei
name: Axt, Vollrath Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a real-time path integral approach we develop an algorithm to calculate multi-time correlation functions of open few-level quantum systems that is applicable to highly nonequilibrium dynamics. The calculational scheme fully keeps the non-Markovian memory introduced by the pure-dephasing type coupling to a continuum of oscillators. Furthermore, we discuss how to deal consistently with the simultaneous presence of non-Markovian and Markovian system reservoir interactions. We apply the method to a crucial test case, namely the evaluation of emission spectra of a laser-driven two-level quantum dot coupled to a continuum of longitudinal acoustic phonons, which give rise to non-Markovian dynamics. Here, we also account for the coupling to a photonic environment, which models radiative decay and can be treated as a Markovian bath. The phonon side bands are found on the correct side of the zero phonon line in our calculation, in contrast to known results where the quantum regression theorem is applied naively to non-Markovian dynamics. Combining our algorithm with a recently improved iteration scheme for performing the required sum over paths we demonstrate the numerical feasibility of our approach to systems with more than two levels. Results are shown for the second-order photonic two-time correlation function of a quantum dot-cavity system with seven states on the Jaynes-Cummings ladder taken into account.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
Peaks and Troughs in Helioseismology: The Power Spectrum of Solar Oscillations
Creators: name: Rosenthal, Colin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a matched-wave asymptotic analysis of the driving of solar oscillations by a general localised source. The analysis provides a simple mathematical description of the asymmetric peaks in the power spectrum in terms of the relative locations of eigenmodes and troughs in the spectral response. It is suggested that the difference in measured phase function between the modes and the troughs in the spectrum will provide a key diagnostic of the source of the oscillations. I also suggest a form for the asymmetric line profiles to be used in the fitting of solar power spectra. Finally I present a comparison between the numerical and asymptotic descriptions of the oscillations. The numerical results bear out the qualitative features suggested by the asymptotic analysis but suggest that numerical calculations of the locations of the troughs will be necessary for a quantitative comparison with the observations.
description: 18 pages + 8 separate figures. To appear in ApJ
Fixed Point Action and Topology in the CP^3 Model
Creators: name: Burkhalter, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a fixed point action in two-dimensional lattice ${\rm CP}^{N-1}$ models. The fixed point action is a classical perfect lattice action, which is expected to show strongly reduced cutoff effects in numerical simulations. Furthermore, the action has scale-invariant instanton solutions, which enables us to define a correct topological charge without topological defects. Using a parametrization of the fixed point action for the ${\rm CP}^{3}$ model in a Monte Carlo simulation, we study the topological susceptibility.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures, typeset using REVTEX, Sec. 6 rewritten (additional numerical results), to be published in Phys.Rev.D
Additional file 1 of Relationship between stress hyperglycemia ratio and acute kidney injury in patients with congestive heart failure
Creators: name: Li, Le
name: Ding, Ligang
name: Zheng, Lihui
name: Wu, Lingmin
name: Hu, Zhicheng
name: Liu, Limin
name: Yao, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
The Stability of Perfect Elliptic Disks. II. A Minimal Streaming Case
Creators: name: Levine, Stephen
name: Sparke, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional realizations of self-consistent models for the ``perfect elliptic disks'' were tested for global stability by gravitational N-body integration. The family of perfect elliptic disk potentials have two isolating integrals; time independent distribution functions f(E,I_2) which self-consistently reproduce the density distribution can be found numerically, using a modified marching scheme to compute the relative contributions of each member in a library of orbits. The possible solutions are not unique: for a given ellipticity, the models can have a range of angular momenta. Here results are presented for cases with minimal angular momentum, hence maximal random motion. As in previous work, N-body realizations were constructed using a modified quiet start technique to place particles on these orbits uniformly in action-angle space, making the initial conditions as smooth as possible. The most elliptical models initially showed bending instabilities; by the end of the run they had become slightly rounder. The most nearly axisymmetric models tended to become more elongated, reminiscent of the radial orbit instability in spherical systems. Between these extremes, there is a range of axial ratios 0.305 < b/a < 0.570 for which the minimum streaming models appear to be stable.
description: 25 pgs incl. 10 figs, 1 tbl, AASTEX (aaspp4), accepted by ApJ
Inverse Problem Instabilities in Large-Scale Plasma Modelling
Creators: name: Kasim, M. F.
name: Galligan, T. P.
name: Topp-Mugglestone, J.
name: Gregori, G.
name: Vinko, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of physical systems generally depends on our ability to match complex computational modelling with measured experimental outcomes. However, simulations with large parameter spaces suffer from inverse problem instabilities, where similar simulated outputs can map back to very different sets of input parameters. While of fundamental importance, such instabilities are seldom resolved due to the intractably large number of simulations required to comprehensively explore parameter space. Here we show how Bayesian machine learning can be used to address inverse problem instabilities, and apply it to two popular experimental diagnostics in plasma physics. We find that the extraction of information from measurements simply on the basis of agreement with simulations is unreliable, and leads to a significant underestimation of uncertainties. We describe how to statistically quantify the effect of unstable inverse models, and describe an approach to experimental design that mitigates its impact.
Weak Lensing Light-Cones in Modified Gravity simulations with and without Massive Neutrinos
Creators: name: Giocoli, Carlo
name: Baldi, Marco
name: Moscardini, Lauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel suite of cosmological N-body simulations called the DUSTGRAIN-pathfinder, implementing simultaneously the effects of an extension to General Relativity in the form of $f(R)$ gravity and of a non-negligible fraction of massive neutrinos. We describe the generation of simulated weak lensing and cluster counts observables within a past light-cone extracted from these simulations. The simulations have been performed by means of a combination of the MG-GADGET code and a particle-based implementation of massive neutrinos, while the light-cones have been generated using the MapSim pipeline allowing us to compute weak lensing maps through a ray-tracing algorithm for different values of the source plane redshift. The mock observables extracted from our simulations will be employed for a series of papers focussed on understanding and possibly breaking the well-known observational degeneracy between $f(R)$ gravity and massive neutrinos, i.e. the fact that some specific combinations of the characteristic parameters for these two phenomena (the $f_{R0}$ scalar amplitude and the total neutrino mass $Σm_ν$) may result indistinguishable from the standard $\mathrm{ΛCDM}$ cosmology through several standard observational probes. In particular, in the present work we show how a tomographic approach to weak lensing statistics could allow - especially for the next generation of wide-field surveys - to disentangle some of the models that appear statistically indistinguishable through standard single-redshift weak lensing probe.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS, added theoretical comparisons to the simulation measurements
Black holes in presence of cosmological constant: Second order in 1/D
Creators: name: Bhattacharyya, Sayantani
name: Biswas, Parthajit
name: Dandekar, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extended the results of arXiv:1704.06076 upto second subleading order in an expansion around large dimension D. Unlike the previous case, there are non-trivial metric corrections at this order. Due to our `background-covariant' formalism, the dependence on Ricci and the Riemann curvature tensor of the background is manifest here. The gravity system is dual to a dynamical membrane coupled with a velocity field. The dual membrane is embedded in some smooth background geometry that also satisfies the Einstein equation in presence of cosmological constant. We explicitly computed the corrections to the equation governing the membrane-dynamics. Our results match with earlier derivations in appropriate limits. We calculated the spectrum of QNM from our membrane equations and matched them against similar results derived from gravity.
description: 55 pages, v2: minor corrections
Causal structure of black holes in shift-symmetric Horndeski theories
Creators: name: Benkel, Robert
name: Franchini, Nicola
name: Saravani, Mehdi
name: Sotiriou, Thomas P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In theories with derivative (self-)interactions, the propagation of perturbations on nontrivial field configurations is determined by effective metrics. Generalized scalar-tensor theories belong in this class and this implies that the matter fields and gravitational perturbations do not necessarily experience the same causal structure. Motivated by this, we explore the causal structure of black holes as perceived by scalar fields in the Horndeski class. We consider linearized perturbations on a fixed background metric that describes a generic black hole. The effective metric that determines the propagation of these perturbations does not generally coincide with the background metric (to which matter fields couple minimally). Assuming that the metric and the scalar respect stationarity and that the surface gravity of the horizon is constant, we prove that Killing horizons of the background metric are always Killing horizons of the effective metric as well. Hence, scalar perturbations cannot escape the region that matter fields perceive as the interior of the black hole. This result does not depend on asymptotics but only on local considerations and does not make any reference to no-hair theorems. We then demonstrate that, when one relaxes the stationarity assumption for the scalar, solutions where the horizons of the effective and the background metrics do not match can be found in the decoupling limit.
description: v3: 10 pages, published version
Can the glass transition be explained without a growing static length scale?
Creators: name: Berthier, Ludovic
name: Biroli, Giulio
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
name: Tarjus, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently discovered that SWAP, a Monte Carlo algorithm that involves the exchange of pairs of particles of differing diameters, can dramatically accelerate the equilibration of simulated supercooled liquids in regimes where the normal dynamics is glassy. This spectacular effect was subsequently interpreted as direct evidence against a static, cooperative explanation of the glass transition such as the one offered by the random first-order transition (RFOT) theory. We review several empirical facts that support the opposite view, namely, that a local mechanism cannot explain the glass transition phenomenology. We explain the speedup induced by SWAP within the framework of the RFOT theory. We suggest that the efficiency of SWAP stems from a postponed onset of glassy dynamics, which allows the efficient exploration of configuration space even in the regime where the physical dynamics is dominated by activated events across free-energy barriers. We describe this effect in terms of `crumbling metastability' and use the example of nucleation to illustrate the possibility of circumventing free-energy barriers of thermodynamic origin by a change of the local dynamical rules.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures; v2: improved discussions and clarifications
Critique of proposed limit to space--time measurement, based on Wigner's clocks and mirrors
Creators: name: Diosi, Lajos
name: Lukacs, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a relation between inertial time intervals and the Riemannian curvature, we show that space--time uncertainty derived by Ng and van Dam implies absurd uncertainties of the Riemannian curvature.
description: 5 pages, LaTex, field "Author:" corrected
Modelling haematopoietic stem cells in their niche
Creators: name: MacLean, Adam L.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Modelling haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mathematically allows us to probe their behaviour, test hypotheses and make predictions. HSCs are essential and elusive; despite many recent advances much remains unknown, including how the microenvironment (niche) influences HSC behaviour, and the nature of complex interactions between HSCs, the niche and disease. This thesis comprises three sections. In the first we present new methods for the analysis of ODE systems that allow us to characterise steady state properties such as the probability of a state being stable (over some parameter range). We apply these methods to models of stem cell dynamics that differ in the form of regulation (feedback) imposed on the system and study the steady states of these systems. Competition within the niche between HSCs and invading cancer cells disrupts the system. In the second section we model this using ODEs that describe the population dynamics of cellular species from an ecological perspective. From the analysis of two models differing in their treatment of the niche, using Bayesian inference, we find that maintaining a viable HSC population is necessary and almost sufficient in order to outcompete leukaemia and restore healthy haematopoiesis. In the third section we extend the analysis of interactions between HSCs, leukaemia and the niche: performing a comparison of three models that describe the dynamics of chronic myeloid leukaemia. We study heterogeneous data from a clinical trial of the disease. All models fit these data, but do so in different ways. One model is discarded due to its unrealistic predictions, suggesting that direct competition between species is important. Each of the remaining two models makes testable predictions, but validating these is at current experimental limits. In the future, the results presented will aid experimental design and provide a framework from which to identify new therapeutic targets for haematopoietic diseases.
A permanent magnet trap for buffer gas cooled atoms
Creators: name: Nohlmans, Didier
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Achieving precise control over an array of ultracold molecules would provide a unique tool-set for carrying out quantum simulations and quantum computations, as a result of the molecules' rich internal structure. To realise this aim, the molecules have to be cooled and trapped. This is much more difficult for molecules than for atoms due to their complex internal structure. This thesis presents preliminary work towards realising a versatile, permanent magnet trap for buffer gas cooled molecules. Atoms are used throughout to test the feasibility of the trap, as they are easier to produce and detect. Two novel methods for trapping buffer gas cooled atoms in a permanent magnet trap are investigated. The first of these involves trapping the atoms directly from a cryogenic buffer gas cooled ablation plume. Dy atoms, with a magnetic moment of 10µB, are trapped with a lifetime of 800±30 μs, thought to be limited by collisions with a high density of background buffer gas atoms remaining in the trap region. Information gained from the direct trapping experiments motivated the design of a second trapping set-up. Here, a beam of Dy atoms is first extracted from a cryogenic buffer gas source, and when this beam reaches the trapping region, a fraction of the atoms are stopped through collisions with cold helium gas present in the trapping region. This second method reduces the density of buffer gas required in the trap region. The trap lifetime achieved in this arrangement of 810±40 μs is no longer than in the direct trapping experiments, but this arrangement is much more stable and repeatable. The lifetime here is also thought to be limited by collisions with background buffer gas atoms.
Additional file 1 of Association of the triglyceride glucose-body mass index with the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Creators: name: Yang, Xueyuan
name: Li, Kui
name: Wen, Jiaojiao
name: Yang, Changlong
name: Li, Yunhang
name: Xu, Guanxue
name: Ma, Yi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Baseline characteristics according to sex of the TyG-BMI index
The role of aggregates in the thermal stability of Mg-PSZ refractories for vacuum induction melting
Creators: name: Quadling, Amanda Gail
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Mg-PSZ refractories used as vacuum induction melting crucibles are particle-reinforced composites with aggregate and matrix phases comprising fused zirconia. Three commercial varieties were cycled eight times to service temperatures and their microstructural and thermomechanical evolution investigated, with focus placed on the aggregate populations. Two refractories, with large aggregates of similar size, were found to retain stiffness after cycling but in the refractory containing aggregates with high stabiliser levels, reaction between the stabiliser and Al and Si impurities produced secondary phases. Volume changes accompanying formation of these phases, and subsequent thermal expansion mismatches, led to aggregate break-up with consequent reductions in refractory toughness and strength. Secondary phases developed only rarely in the aggregates (with lower levels of stabiliser) of the second refractory. These aggregates remained intact and the refractory retained its toughness and strength. A third refractory contained small, unstabilised aggregates in a stabilised matrix and the strain mismatches that ensued during polymorphic transformation damaged microstructural interfaces. Refractory stiffness halved within eight cycles and toughness and strength were lost. All three refractories displayed R-curve behaviour and quasi-stable fracture curves were observed during bend tests. The study shows that when using fused zirconia aggregates to design refractories, engineers need to i) limit stabiliser concentrations - a difference of just ±1 wt% Mg (in the presence of impurity elements) may determine whether secondary phase formation occurs and ii) eliminate alumina and silica impurities when possible through substitution of zircon sand with baddeleyite as the source for fused zirconia.
A functional study of the Y chromosome in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae
Creators: name: Bernardini, Federica
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Despite its function in sex determination and its role in driving genome evolution, the Y chromosome remains poorly understood in most species. Y chromosomes are gene-poor, repeat-rich and largely heterochromatic and therefore represent a difficult target for genetic engineering. The Y chromosome of the human malaria vector Anopheles gambiae appears to be involved in sex determination although very little is known about both its structure and function. The work described in this thesis led to the characterization of an Anopheles gambiae transgenic strain obtained by transposase-mediated integration of a transgene construct onto the Y chromosome. Using meganuclease-induced homologous repair a site-specific recombination signal was introduced onto the Y chromosome and the resulting docking line, named YAttP, was proven to allow secondary integration. To demonstrate its utility, the activity of a germline-specific promoter when located on the Y chromosome was studied. Anopheles arabiensis is another important vector of human malaria. Since active insertions onto the Y chromosome are extremely rare, a scheme based on crossing and selection was used to overcome F1 hybrid male sterility and introgress the modified Anopheles gambiae Y chromosome in the Anopheles arabiensis genetic background. Fertility of Y-introgressed males, tested after up to 10 backcross generations, was comparable to fertility of wild-type Anopheles arabiensis males. The molecular manipulation of the Y chromosome in Anopheles gambiae, opens up a number of ways to explore one of the most fascinating of evolution’s upshots and its introgression in the Anopheles arabiensis genetic background may answer important questions on the similarity and differences in Y chromosome biology of closely related species. The Y-linked fluorescent transgenes allow automated sex separation of these important vector species, providing the means to generate large single-sex populations. Furthermore, the possibility of introducing genes of interest specifically onto the Y chromosome makes these strains a valuable tool for vector control strategies.
Reminiscences Thomas A. Wornham 1968
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American
Amphibious warfare
Korean War, 1950-1953

description: Education, Naval Academy, 1922-1926; early duty assignments, China, Haiti; World War II: Iwo Jima, occupation of Japan; amphibious training; Commanding officer, 1st Marines, Korea, 1951; Fleet Marine Force, Pacific.
The X-Ray Forest: A New Prediction of Hierarchical Structure Formation Models
Creators: name: Hellsten, Uffe
name: Gnedin, Nickolay Y.
name: Miralda-Escude, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use numerical simulations of structure formation in a Cold Dark Matter model to predict the absorption lines in the soft X-rays produced by heavy elements in the shock-heated intergalactic medium at low redshift. The simulation incorporates a model for metal production in galaxies and the subsequent dispersion of the metals to the intergalactic medium. We analyze in particular absorption lines produced by oxygen, and calculate the ionization stage taking into account the observed X-ray background at the present time. We find that oxygen is fully ionized by the X-ray background in low-density voids, and is mostly in the form of OVII and OVIII in the sheets and filamentary regions. Strong absorption lines of OVII and OVIII with equivalent widths W ~ 100 km/s are produced in filamentary regions of overdensities ~ 100 and temperatures ~ 10^6 K, located in the outskirts of groups and clusters of galaxies. The OVII line at E = 574 eV is generally the strongest one in these systems. Our model predicts that any X-ray source (such as a quasar) should typically show about one OVII absorption line with W > 100 km/s in the interval from z=0 to z=0.3. These lines could be detected with the upcoming generation of X-ray telescopes, and their origin in intervening systems could be confirmed by the association with groups of galaxies and X-ray emitting halos near the line-of-sight at the same redshift. The hot intergalactic medium may be one of the main reservoirs of baryons in the present universe, and the heavy element X-ray absorption lines offer a promising possibility of detecting this new component in the near future.
description: Accepted by ApJ. The full resolution color GIF version of Fig.2 is included
Reminiscence of Robert L. Kunzig, 1972
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Government executives--United States
Judges
Presidents--Election--1956.--United States
Presidents--Election--1960.--United States
Presidents--Election--1968.--United States

description: Lawyer with congressional committee; executive director and legal adviser Civil Aeronautics Board 1955-58; member of Foreign Claims Settlement 1958-61; member of Truth Squad presidential campaigns of 1956, 1960, 1968; administrator of General Services Administration, 1969-72
An integrated platform for quantitative assessment of in vivo haemodynamics on atherosclerotic plaque composition and progression
Creators: name: Mehta, Vikram
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Atherosclerosis is a focal inflammatory disease, non-uniformly distributed in regions of disturbed flow within the arterial system. The local accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells in these regions drives lesion initiation and progression into advanced plaques. Along with systemic risk factors, local haemodynamic metrics, such as wall shear stress (WSS), have been shown to be good correlates to plaque development. Few studies have investigated the relationship between mechanics and biology longitudinally over plaque development. However, conflicting views on the role of low and high wall shear stress in the development of the disease remain. Using high-resolution imaging and novel techniques like 3-D histology, we seek to provide more conclusive evidence of the correlation between perturbed haemodynamics and markers of atherosclerosis in two longitudinal studies in different animal models. The first study comprised of the development of a computational workflow to analyse co-localisations of selected disease markers with perturbed shear regions, induced in carotid arteries of ApoE-/- mice. Serial, in vivo mouse-specific haemodynamics were computed in micro-CT based geometries and coupled with plaque distribution spatially mapped on the in vivo lumen at each time point. Two novel haemodynamic metrics and other established metrics were assessed to find the best predictor of local areas of plaque formation. A quantitative analysis revealed plaque lipids and macrophages in the initial stage of the disease best overlapped with our custom metric, the low shear index (LSI), suggesting the importance of low shear in the initiation of atherosclerosis. In the second study, the developed workflow was applied to correlate plaque biology and mechanical metrics in transgenic hypercholesterolemic Yucatan minipigs. Lesions were induced by implanting a stenotic stent in one of the coronaries, and in vivo haemodynamics were computed in OCT based coronary reconstructions serially from healthy to advanced disease stages. Animals developed advanced human-like atherosclerotic lesions in regions of sustained low and oscillatory shear, induced by the stent. Histology based macrophage distribution showed good correlations with the newly developed metric, LSI, further emphasising the importance of low shear in atherogenesis. In conclusion, we have developed an integrated platform for high-resolution studies of plaque mechanobiology. Low shear was the best correlate to markers of atherosclerosis in two animal models, quantified by our novel metric – LSI, which might be a good predictor of disease development. Additionally, this thesis shows the importance of longitudinal in vivo studies of atherosclerosis and contributes to further understanding of this disease, while also providing tools that can be further extended in future studies.
Additional file 1 of Breastfeeding is associated with enhanced intestinal gluconeogenesis in infants
Creators: name: Ni, Duan
name: Tan, Jian
name: Macia, Laurence
name: Nanan, Ralph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Infant growth characteristics.
NONLOCALITY OF A SINGLE PHOTON REVISITED AGAIN
Creators: name: Vaidman, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment on L. Hardy, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 73}, 2279 (1994). It is argued that the experiment proposed by Hardy should not be considered as a single photon experiment.
description: 5 pages, LaTeX
title: ADCO, Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515) (11 H 1162), f. 00384
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes
subject: LaMOP

description: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1162). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1162), f. 00384, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Bar driven evolution of S0s: the edge-on galaxy NGC 4570
Creators: name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Emsellem, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present circumstantial evidence that the central region of the edge-on S0 galaxy NGC 4570, which harbors a 150 pc scale nuclear disc in addition to its main outer disc, has been shaped under the influence of a small (approx. 500pc) bar. This is based on the finding of two edge-on rings, whose locations are consistent with the Inner Lindblad and Ultra Harmonic Resonances of a rapidly tumbling triaxial potential. Observed features in the photometry and rotation curve nicely correspond with the positions of the main resonances, strengthening the case for a tumbling bar potential. The relative blue colour of the ILR ring, and the complete absence of any detected ISM, indicates that the nuclear ring is made of relatively young (< 2 Gyr) stars. We discuss a possible secular-evolution scenario for this complex multi-component galaxy, which may also apply to many other S0-galaxies with observed rings and/or multiple disc-components.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 8 pages, 8 figures
Thermodynamical properties of strongly interacting matter in a model with explicit chiral symmetry breaking interactions
Creators: name: Moreira, J.
name: Morais, J.
name: Hiller, B.
name: Osipov, A. A.
name: Blin, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the effects of the light and strange current quark masses on the phase diagram of QCD at finite temperature and vanishing baryonic chemical potential, computing the speed of sound, the trace anomaly of the energy momentum tensor and the fluctuations and correlations of the conserved charges associated to baryonic, electric and strangeness numbers. The framework is a known extension of the three flavor Nambu Jona Lasinio model, which includes the full set of explicit chiral symmetry breaking interactions (ESB) up to the same order in large $N_c$ counting as the 't Hooft flavor mixing terms and eight quark interactions. It is shown that the ESB terms are relevant for the description of a soft region in the system's speed of sound and overall slope behavior of the observables computed. At the same time the role of the 8q interactions gets highlighted. The model extension with the Polyakov loop is considered and the results are compared to lattice QCD data.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Reply to the comment of Y. Aharonov and L. Vaidman on ``Time asymmetry in quantum mechanics: a retrodiction paradox''
Creators: name: Peres, Asher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard physical interpretation of quantum theory, prediction and retrodiction are not symmetric. The opposite assertion by some authors results from their use of non-standard interpretations of the theory.
description: final version in Physics Letters A 203 (1995) 150
Two-body dissipation effect in nuclear fusion reactions
Creators: name: Wen, Kai
name: Barton, M. C.
name: Rios, Arnau
name: Stevenson, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70F10

description: Friction coefficients for the fusion reaction $^{16}$O+$^{16}$O $\rightarrow$ $^{32}$S are extracted based on both the time-dependent Hartree-Fock and the time-dependent density matrix methods. The latter goes beyond the mean-field approximation by taking into account the effect of two-body correlations, but in practical simulations of fusion reactions we find that the total energy is not conserved. We analyze this problem and propose a solution that allows for a clear quantification of dissipative effects in the dynamics. Compared to mean-field simulations, friction coefficients in the density-matrix approach are enhanced by about $20 \, \%$. An energy-dependence of the dissipative mechanism is also demonstrated, indicating that two-body collisions are more efficient at generating friction at low incident energies.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Polarization of Astronomical Maser Radiation. IV. Circular Polarization Profiles
Creators: name: Elitzur, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Profile comparison of the Stokes parameters $V$ and $I$ is a powerful tool for maser data analysis, providing the first direct methods for unambiguous determination of (1) the maser saturation stage, (2) the amplification optical depth and intrinsic Doppler width of unsaturated masers, and (3) the comparative magnitudes of Zeeman splitting and Doppler linewidth. Circular polarization recently detected in OH 1720 MHz emission from the Galactic center appears to provide the first direct evidence for maser saturation.
description: 14 pages, 1 Postscript figures (included), uses aaspp4.sty. To appear in Astrophysical Journal
CAUSALITY, MEMORY ERASING AND DELAYED CHOICE EXPERIMENTS
Creators: name: Aharonov, Y.
name: Popsecu, S.
name: Vaidman, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comment on [R.L. Ingraham, Phys. Rev. A 50, 4502 (1994)]. Ingraham suggested ``a delayed-choice experiment with partial, controllable memory erasing''. It is shown that he cannot be right since his predictions contradict relativistic causality. A subtle quantum effect which was overlooked by Ingraham is explained.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX