cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variable selection for BART: An application to gene regulation
Creators: name: Bleich, Justin
name: Kapelner, Adam
name: George, Edward I.
name: Jensen, Shane T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the task of discovering gene regulatory networks, which are defined as sets of genes and the corresponding transcription factors which regulate their expression levels. This can be viewed as a variable selection problem, potentially with high dimensionality. Variable selection is especially challenging in high-dimensional settings, where it is difficult to detect subtle individual effects and interactions between predictors. Bayesian Additive Regression Trees [BART, Ann. Appl. Stat. 4 (2010) 266-298] provides a novel nonparametric alternative to parametric regression approaches, such as the lasso or stepwise regression, especially when the number of relevant predictors is sparse relative to the total number of available predictors and the fundamental relationships are nonlinear. We develop a principled permutation-based inferential approach for determining when the effect of a selected predictor is likely to be real. Going further, we adapt the BART procedure to incorporate informed prior information about variable importance. We present simulations demonstrating that our method compares favorably to existing parametric and nonparametric procedures in a variety of data settings. To demonstrate the potential of our approach in a biological context, we apply it to the task of inferring the gene regulatory network in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). We find that our BART-based procedure is best able to recover the subset of covariates with the largest signal compared to other variable selection methods. The methods developed in this work are readily available in the R package bartMachine.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS755 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Tension between $e^+e^-\toηπ^-π^+$ and $τ^-\toηπ^-π^0ν_τ$ data and non-standard interactions
Creators: name: Arteaga, Saray
name: Dai, Ling-Yun
name: Guevara, Adolfo
name: Roig, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the discrepancy between the isospin-rotated $e^+e^-\toηπ^-π^+$ cross-section -- measured by various collaborations -- and the Belle $τ^-\toηπ^-π^0ν_τ$ spectrum, which cannot be explained by heavy new physics non-standard interactions. We give for the first time the framework needed to study these beyond the standard model contributions in three-meson tau decays.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, there is an ancillary Mathematica notebook file where the terms of the unpolarized squared amplitude can be consulted or modified. This is the version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev. D
title: Historische Gärten, Kulturdenkmale mit Wohlfahrtswirkung und Freizeitwert
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 7, Nr. 3 (1978), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Benford's Law and Continuous Dependent Random Variables
Creators: name: Becker, Thealexa
name: Burt, David
name: Corcoran, Taylor C.
name: Greaves-Tunnell, Alec
name: Iafrate, Joseph R.
name: Jing, Joy
name: Miller, Steven J.
name: Porfilio, Jaclyn D.
name: Ronan, Ryan
name: Samranvedhya, Jirapat
name: Strauch, Frederick W.
name: Talbut, Blaine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60A10, 11K06 (primary), (secondary) 60E10

description: Many mathematical, man-made and natural systems exhibit a leading-digit bias, where a first digit (base 10) of 1 occurs not 11\% of the time, as one would expect if all digits were equally likely, but rather 30\%. This phenomenon is known as Benford's Law. Analyzing which datasets adhere to Benford's Law and how quickly Benford behavior sets in are the two most important problems in the field. Most previous work studied systems of independent random variables, and relied on the independence in their analyses. Inspired by natural processes such as particle decay, we study the dependent random variables that emerge from models of decomposition of conserved quantities. We prove that in many instances the distribution of lengths of the resulting pieces converges to Benford behavior as the number of divisions grow, and give several conjectures for other fragmentation processes. The main difficulty is that the resulting random variables are dependent. We handle this by using tools from Fourier analysis and irrationality exponents to obtain quantified convergence rates as well as introducing and developing techniques to measure and control the dependencies. The construction of these tools is one of the major motivations of this work, as our approach can be applied to many other dependent systems. As an example, we show that the $n!$ entries in the determinant expansions of $n\times n$ matrices with entries independently drawn from nice random variables converges to Benford's Law.
description: Version 4.0, 33 pages, 7 figures, keywords: Benford's Law, Fourier transform, Mellin transform, dependent random variables, fragmentation. This replaces Benford's Law and Continuous Dependent Random Variables, arXiv:1111.0568
The Host Glycome in Health and Immunity
Creators: Qin, Rui
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Glycosylation is the enzymatic modification of biomacromolecules (proteins, etc.) with carbohydrates known as glycans. Naturally occurring in all organisms from viruses

to animals, glycans have multifaceted functions in all aspects of biology. Aberrant

glycosylation is often observed in diseases such as cancers and in developmental abnormalities. In infectious disease, studies have heavily focused on the glycans of the pathogens, which can determine the immunogenicity and virulence of the pathogens. The less studied host glycans are also critical in immunity, influencing antibody function, complement system activation, and modulate immune cell functions. Due to the

structural diversity of glycans, pinpointing the host glycan subtypes that undergo changes during infections can be a challenging task. In the original work described in this thesis, high-throughput lectin microarray technology was utilized to profile the glycomes related to human health and infection (i.e., the repertoires of glycans) in multiple systems. Glycomic analyses revealed differential glycosylation in the contexts

of (i) sex, age, BMI, (ii) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and (iii) vaccination, which are associated with immune response or disease outcome. Moreover, glycoproteomic analyses identified potential target glycoproteins that may contribute to the differences in glycosylation and immunity. Overall, these discoveries provide fresh insights into the roles of host glycans in infectious diseases and have important

implications in the development of glycosylation-focused therapeutics.
Theory of excitations of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature
Creators: name: Boudjemaa, Abdelaali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of dilute three-dimensional dipolar Bose gas employing a finite temperature perturbation theory (beyond the mean field). We analyze in particular the behavior of the anomalous density, we find that this quantity has a finite value in the limit of weak interactions at both zero and finite temperatures. We show that the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) enhances fluctuations, the second order correlation function and thermodynamic quantities such as the chemical potential, the ground state energy, the compressibility and the superfluid fraction. We identify the validity criterion of the small parameter of the theory for Bose-condensed dipolar gases.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, (published version)
The Use of Children's Literature in English-Chinese Bilingual Education in Western Canada
Creators: Jin, Jing
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

This study explored the use of children’s literature in English-Chinese bilingual education in the Canadian context. The purpose was to examine the types of children’s literature that are used in bilingual education, the roles that children’s literature plays in students’ bilingual and biliteracy development, and how teachers’ and parents’ experiences and perspectives might influence their use of children’s literature. Underpinned by sociocultural perspectives on literacy, this study employed the continua model of biliteracy, the literacy expertise framework, and the efferent-aesthetic continuum as conceptual frameworks. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, this qualitative case study used remote ways to collect data, specifically online interviews with three teachers and three parents, and children’s book lists provided by the participants. Findings revealed that levelled readings and classic works were predominant in the Chinese children’s literature being used in the programs, and that these works tended to be decontextualized and depoliticized, while the English children’s literature selected was more often used for aesthetic and pleasure reading. Moreover, Chinese children’s literature that had been translated into English and children’s books from Canada (as opposed to the US and other English-dominant countries) were lacking. Children’s literature plays a variety of important roles in bilingual education, including relationship founder, enhancer, and bond; language and literacy learning resources and bridge; and cultural agent. This study contributes to scholarship and pedagogy in terms of providing a clearer vision for teachers and parents to reconsider their use of children’s literature and reconceptualize bilingual education through a translanguaging lens. It promotes the use of more diverse and contemporary children’s literature in bilingual education to foster students’ language and cultural awareness in a more collaborative and critical way.
Investigating the Effect of Galaxy Interactions on Star Formation at 0.5
Creators: name: Shah, Ekta A.
name: Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
name: Magagnoli, Christina T.
name: Cox, Isabella G.
name: Wetherell, Caleb T.
name: Vanderhoof, Brittany N.
name: Cooke, Kevin C.
name: Calabro, Antonello
name: Chartab, Nima
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Croton, Darren J.
name: de la Vega, Alexander
name: Hathi, Nimish P.
name: Ilbert, Olivier
name: Inami, Hanae
name: Kocevski, Dale D.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Lemaux, Brian C.
name: Lubin, Lori
name: Mantha, Kameswara Bharadwaj
name: Marchesi, Stefano
name: Martig, Marie
name: Moreno, Jorge
name: Pampliega, Belen Alcalde
name: Patton, David R.
name: Salvato, Mara
name: Treister, Ezequiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations and simulations of interacting galaxies and mergers in the local universe have shown that interactions can significantly enhance the star formation rates (SFR) and fueling of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). However, at higher redshift, some simulations suggest that the level of star formation enhancement induced by interactions is lower due to the higher gas fractions and already increased SFRs in these galaxies. To test this, we measure the SFR enhancement in a total of 2351 (1327) massive ($M_*>10^{10}M_\odot$) major ($1
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Ein reich ausgestatteter Grabfund der Hallstattzeit von Kappel am Rhein
Creators: name: Dehn, Rolf
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 7, Nr. 3 (1978), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
USDA Estimates of the Cost of Raising a Child: A Guide to Their Use and Interpretation
Creators: name: Edwards, Carolyn S.
name: Edwards, Carolyn S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Child cost estimates
subject: standard budgets

description: This guide describes the USDA estimates of the cost of raising a child, provides the estimates updated to June 1980 price levels, and answers the most frequently asked questions about their use and interpretation. Adjustments to make the estimates more applicable to specific situations are described. Information on additional materials of interest to users of the estimates is also described and referenced.
Renormalization of Einstein gravity through a derivative-dependent field redefinition
Creators: name: Slovick, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work explores an alternative solution to the problem of renormalizability in Einstein gravity. In the proposed approach, Einstein gravity is transformed into the renormalizable theory of four-derivative gravity by applying a field redefinition containing an infinite number of higher derivatives. It is also shown that the current-current amplitude is invariant with the field redefinition, and thus the unitarity of Einstein gravity is preserved.
MiDeTe Supplementary Material for Peer Review.docx
Creators: name: Carro Vázquez, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biomarkers
Diseases

description: Context: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs which regulate gene expression. They originate from various tissues including bone and regulate different biological mechanisms including bone metabolism. Objective: The aim of this project was to investigate circulating miRNAs as promising biomarkers for treatment monitoring in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis on denosumab (DMAB) therapy. Design, Setting and Patients: In this prospective, observational, single-centre study twenty-one postmenopausal women treated with DMAB were included for a longitudinal follow-up of two years. Interventions and Main Outcome Measures: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to screen for serological miRNAs at defined time points (baseline, month 6 and month 24). Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to confirm NGS findings in the entire cohort. Bone turnover markers (BTM) P1NP and CTX, and bone mineral density (BMD) by Dual X-Ray absorptiometry (DXA) were assessed and correlated to miRNAs. Results: BMD at the hip (5,5%, p=0.0006) and lumbar spine significantly increased (11,4%, p-value=0.017) and CTX (64,1%, p<0.0001) and P1NP (69,3%, p<0.0001) significantly decreased during treatment. NGS analysis revealed significant changes in miRNAs after 2-years of DMAB treatment, but not after 6-months. Seven miRNAs were confirmed by RT-qPCR to be significantly changed during a 2-year course of DMAB treatment compared to baseline. Four of these were found to be mainly transcribed in blood cells including monocytes. Correlation analysis identified a significant correlation between change in miRNA and change in BTMs as well as BMD. Based on effect size and correlation strength, miR-454-3p, miR-26b-5p and miR-584-5p were defined as top biomarker candidates with the strongest association to the sustained effect of denosumab on bone in osteoporotic patients.
Crossover from the weak to strong-field behavior of the longitudinal interlayer magnetoresistance in quasi-two-dimensional conductors
Creators: name: Grigoriev, Alexej D.
name: Grigoriev, Pavel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the monotonic growth of longitudinal interlayer magnetoresistance $\bar{R}_{zz}(B_z) $, analytically and numerically in the self-consistent Born approximation. We show that in a weak magnetic field the monotonic part of $\bar{R}_{zz}(B_z)$ is almost constant and starts to grow only above the crossover field $B_{c}$, when the Landau levels (LL) become isolated, i.e. when the LL separation becomes greater than the LL broadening. In higher field $B_{z}>>B_{c}$, $\bar{R}_{zz}(B_{z}) \propto B_{z}^{1/2}$ in agreement with previous works.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Zwei Ludwigsburger Bürgerhäuser des 19. Jahrhunderts
Creators: name: Reinhardt, Brigitte
name: Weyrauch, Sabine
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 7, Nr. 4 (1978), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Extent determination of stent heating in MPI
Creators: name: Wegner, Franz
name: Von Gladiss, Anselm
name: Wei, Huimin
name: Behrends, André
name: Grzyska, Ulrike
name: Sieren, Malte M
name: Haegele, Julian
name: Gräser, Matthias
name: Buzug, Thorsten M
name: Barkhausen, Jörg
name: Friedrich, Thomas
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: MPI offers a huge potential for cardiovascular imaging and interventional guidance. Especially, stent lumen imaging is an advantageous feature of MPI. Due to the presence of oscillating magnetic fields some metallic objects show temperature increase during MPI scans. Regarding first available human size MPI scanners and thus, future clinical application, the extent of stent heating becomes an important safety issue which could limit the application of MPI for specific patient groups. In this work, the temperature increase of stents with large diameters was investigated to determine the extent of stent heating in MPI.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
Support Stiffness and Two-span Continuity Effects on Static Deflection and Fundamental Natural Frequency of Mass Timber Floors
Creators: Kang, Ning
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Static deflection at mid-span under a concentrated load and fundamental natural frequency are two important vibration serviceability design parameters for mass timber panel (MTP) floor systems. Current design procedures for the two parameters tend to be conservative and over-simplified. To quantify the effects of rotational stiffness of connection, flexural stiffness of supporting beam, and two-span continuity on the two design parameters, an experiment program was conducted on 49 narrow MTP floor panel specimens at University of Alberta.

Six analytical expressions are proposed to calculate the static deflection and fundamental natural frequency of two-span floor with restrained connections, one-span floor with restrained connections and supported by beams, and two-span floor with restrained connections and supported by beams. The analytical expressions were verified against the test results and a relatively good agreement was found. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to simplify the analytical expressions. Conclusions were drawn based on the comparisons and discussions. The recommended stiffnesses of supporting beams are proposed to reach satisfactory fundamental natural frequencies for both one-span and two-span floors with varies support conditions.
title: Die Dienststellen des Landesdenkmalamtes
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 7, Nr. 4 (1978), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Switching Exciton Pulses Through Conical Intersections
Creators: name: Leonhardt, K.
name: Wüster, S.
name: Rost, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciton pulses transport excitation and entanglement adiabatically through Rydberg aggregates, assemblies of highly excited light atoms, which are set into directed motion by resonant dipole-dipole interaction. Here, we demonstrate the coherent splitting of such pulses as well as the spatial segregation of electronic excitation and atomic motion. Both mechanisms exploit local nonadiabatic effects at a conical intersection, turning them from a decoherence source into an asset. The intersection provides a sensitive knob controlling the propagation direction and coherence properties of exciton pulses. The fundamental ideas discussed here have general implications for excitons on a dynamic network.
description: Letter with 4 pages and 4 figures. Supplemental material with 4 pages and 4 figures
title: Historische Grenzsteine
Creators: name: Schiek, Siegwalt
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Denkmalpflege in Baden-Württemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 8, Nr. 4 (1979), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
title: Modern Utopias in Suburban Meadows
Creators: name: Lorente, J. Pedro
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Urban civilizations have often historically attributed particular symbolism to some kind of peripheral greens not properly part of the countryside or the city, but in a limes where common patterns of both categories merge. In the early-twentieth century these suburban prairies became favourite scenarios for the idyllic dreams of visionaries aspiring to amalgamate artists/scholars with museum/exhibition centres and monuments/public art. They were never fully achieved and therefore can be regarded as utopias. Yet, museums and sculptures placed in outer parks, or even amidst rural surroundings to be reached by citizens in motor vehicles, would become a modernist paradigm after World War II; particularly during the Cold War, as a cultural stereotype of the American Way of Life exported worldwide.
description: Urban civilizations have often historically attributed particular symbolism to some kind of peripheral greens not properly part of the countryside or the city, but in a limes where common patterns of both categories merge. In the early-twentieth century these suburban prairies became favourite scenarios for the idyllic dreams of visionaries aspiring to amalgamate artists/scholars with museum/exhibition centres and monuments/public art. They were never fully achieved and therefore can be regarded as utopias. Yet, museums and sculptures placed in outer parks, or even amidst rural surroundings to be reached by citizens in motor vehicles, would become a modernist paradigm after World War II; particularly during the Cold War, as a cultural stereotype of the American Way of Life exported worldwide.
General aspects of heterotic string compactifications on stacks and gerbes
Creators: name: Anderson, L. B.
name: Jia, B.
name: Manion, R.
name: Ovrut, B.
name: Sharpe, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we work out some basic results concerning heterotic string compactifications on stacks and, in particular, gerbes. A heterotic string compactification on a gerbe can be understood as, simultaneously, both a compactification on a space with a restriction on nonperturbative sectors, and also, a gauge theory in which a subgroup of the gauge group acts trivially on the massless matter. Gerbes admit more bundles than corresponding spaces, which suggests they are potentially a rich playground for heterotic string compactifications. After we give a general characterization of heterotic strings on stacks, we specialize to gerbes, and consider three different classes of `building blocks' of gerbe compactifications. We argue that heterotic string compactifications on one class is equivalent to compactification of the same heterotic string on a disjoint union of spaces, compactification on another class is dual to compactifications of other heterotic strings on spaces, and compactification on the third class is not perturbatively consistent, so that we do not in fact recover a broad array of new heterotic compactifications, just combinations of existing ones. In appendices we explain how to compute massless spectra of heterotic strings on stacks, derive some new necessary conditions for a heterotic string on a stack or orbifold to be well-defined, and also review some basic properties of bundles on gerbes.
description: 72 pages, LaTeX; v2: typos fixed, references added; v3: updated appendix
Core size analysis of magnetic nanoparticles using frequency mixing magnetic detection with a permanent magnet as an offset source
Creators: name: Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad
name: Offenhäusser, Andreas
name: Krause, Hans-Joachim
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) has been widely used in magnetic immunoassay measurement techniques. It can also be used to characterize and distinguish different magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) types according to their magnetic cores size. In a previous work, a method for resolving ambiguities in determination of the core size distribution was utilized involving measurement of total iron mass. Recently, a new FMMD measurement head was developed in which a pair of permanent ring magnets are used to generate the static offset magnetic field. Here, we show that this new measurement head can be applied for determining the core size distribution of MNP, and compare the results with the outcomes of our conventional electromagnet offset module FMMD.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
The connected wedge theorem and its consequences
Creators: name: May, Alex
name: Sorce, Jonathan
name: Yoshida, Beni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the AdS/CFT correspondence, bulk causal structure has consequences for boundary entanglement. In quantum information science, causal structures can be replaced by distributed entanglement for the purposes of information processing. In this work, we deepen the understanding of both of these statements, and their relationship, with a number of new results. Centrally, we present and prove a new theorem, the $n$-to-$n$ connected wedge theorem, which considers $n$ input and $n$ output locations at the boundary of an asymptotically AdS$_{2+1}$ spacetime described by AdS/CFT. When a sufficiently strong set of causal connections exists among these points in the bulk, a set of $n$ associated regions in the boundary will have extensive-in-N mutual information across any bipartition of the regions. The proof holds in three bulk dimensions for classical spacetimes satisfying the null curvature condition and for semiclassical spacetimes satisfying standard conjectures. The $n$-to-$n$ connected wedge theorem gives a precise example of how causal connections in a bulk state can emerge from large-N entanglement features of its boundary dual. It also has consequences for quantum information theory: it reveals one pattern of entanglement which is sufficient for information processing in a particular class of causal networks. We argue this pattern is also necessary, and give an AdS/CFT inspired protocol for information processing in this setting. Our theorem generalizes the $2$-to-$2$ connected wedge theorem proven in arXiv:1912.05649. We also correct some errors in the proof presented there, in particular a false claim that existing proof techniques work above three bulk dimensions.
description: v3 adds some citations
A Solar Dynamo Model Driven by Mean-Field Alpha and Babcock-Leighton Sources: Fluctuations, Grand-Minima-Maxima and Hemispheric Asymmetry in Sunspot Cycles
Creators: name: Passos, D.
name: Nandy, D.
name: Hazra, S.
name: Lopes, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme solar activity fluctuations and the occurrence of solar grand minima and maxima episodes, are well established, observed features of the solar cycle. Nevertheless, such extreme activity fluctuations and the dynamics of the solar cycle during Maunder minima-like episodes remain ill-understood. We explore the origin of such extreme solar activity fluctuations and the role of dual poloidal field sources, namely the Babcock-Leighton mechanism and the mean-field alpha effect in the dynamics of the solar cycle. We mainly concentrate on entry and recovery from grand minima episodes such as the Maunder minimum and the dynamics of the solar cycle. We use a kinematic solar dynamo model with a novel set-up in which stochastic perturbations force two distinct poloidal field alpha effects. We explore different regimes of operation of these poloidal sources with distinct operating thresholds, to identify the importance of each. The perturbations are implemented independently in both hemispheres which allows one to study the level of hemispheric coupling and hemispheric asymmetry in the emergence of sunspots. From the simulations performed we identify a few different ways in which the dynamo can enter a grand minima episode. While fluctuations in any of the $α$ effects can trigger intermittency we find that the mean-field alpha effect is crucial for the recovery of the solar cycle from a grand minima episode which a Babcock-Leighton source alone, fails to achieve. Our simulations also demonstrate other cycle dynamics. We conclude that stochastic fluctuations in two interacting poloidal field sources working with distinct operating thresholds is a viable candidate for triggering episodes of extreme solar activity and that the mean-field alpha effect capable of working on weak, sub-equipartition fields is critical to the recovery of the solar cycle following an extended solar minimum.
description: (References updated!)
High-Energy Photon Opacity in the Twisted Magnetospheres of Magnetars
Creators: name: Hu, Kun
name: Baring, Matthew G.
name: Harding, Alice K.
name: Wadiasingh, Zorawar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetars are neutron stars characterized by strong surface magnetic fields generally exceeding the quantum critical value of 44.1 TeraGauss. High-energy photons propagating in their magnetospheres can be attenuated by QED processes like photon splitting and magnetic pair creation. In this paper, we compute the opacities due to photon splitting and pair creation by photons emitted anywhere in the magnetosphere of a magnetar. Axisymmetric, twisted dipole field configurations embedded in the Schwarzschild metric are treated. The paper computes the maximum energies for photon transparency that permit propagation to infinity in curved spacetime. Special emphasis is given to cases where photons are generated along magnetic field loops and/or in polar regions; these cases directly relate to resonant inverse Compton scattering models for the hard X-ray emission from magnetars and Comptonized soft gamma-ray emission from giant flares. We find that increases in magnetospheric twists raise or lower photon opacities, depending on both the emission locale, and the competition between field line straightening and field strength enhancement. Consequently, given the implicit spectral transparency of hard X-ray bursts and persistent "tail" emission of magnetars, photon splitting considerations constrain their emission region locales and the twist angle of the magnetosphere; these constraints can be probed by future soft gamma-ray telescopes such as COSI and AMEGO. The inclusion of twists generally increases the opaque volume of pair creation by photons above its threshold, except when photons are emitted in polar regions and approximately parallel to the field.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysics Journal
High-frequency Donsker theorems for Lévy measures
Creators: name: Nickl, Richard
name: Reiß, Markus
name: Söhl, Jakob
name: Trabs, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 60F05, Secondary: 60G51, 62G05

description: Donsker-type functional limit theorems are proved for empirical processes arising from discretely sampled increments of a univariate Lévy process. In the asymptotic regime the sampling frequencies increase to infinity and the limiting object is a Gaussian process that can be obtained from the composition of a Brownian motion with a covariance operator determined by the Lévy measure. The results are applied to derive the asymptotic distribution of natural estimators for the distribution function of the Lévy jump measure. As an application we deduce Kolmogorov-Smirnov type tests and confidence bands.
description: 41 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Prob. Th. Relat. Fields
Recurrence and Density Decay for Diffusion-Limited Annihilating Systems
Creators: name: Cabezas, Manuel
name: Rolla, Leonardo T.
name: Sidoravicius, Vladas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an infinite system of moving particles, where each particle is of type A or B. Particles perform independent random walks at rates D_A>0 and D_B>0, and the interaction is given by mutual annihilation A+B->0. The initial condition is i.i.d. with finite first moment. We show that this system is site-recurrent, that is, each site is visited infinitely many times. We also generalize a lower bound on the density decay of Bramson and Lebowitz by considering a construction that handles different jump rates.
Production and detection of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in the alphaproteobacterial methanotroph Methylocystis sp. Rockwell
Creators: Lazic, Marina
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Anthropogenic agricultural and industrial activities have intensified in the past few decades to satisfy the food and energy demands of a rapidly growing human population. The increase in these activities is causing extremely high emission of greenhouse gases which results in global warming and inevitable climate change. One of the most potent greenhouse gases is methane. From a biological perspective, methane represents a sole carbon source for microorganisms known as methanotrophs. These microbes, which are the only known biotic methane sink, can act as natural barrier to methane emissions. From an industrial perspective, these organisms can be used as microbial factories to produce value-added compounds from methane. Another important feature of methanotrophs is their ability to consume methanol as well as methane, which is immediately available without the need to control gas to liquid mass transfer.

The focus of this thesis is the alphaproteobacterial methanotroph Methylocystis sp. Rockwell. Alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs encode the enzymatic machinery for the production of bioplastics while growing on methane and/or methanol. The most important bioplastic produced by alphaproteobacterial methanotrophs is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). The overall goal of this study was to optimize production and detection of PHB in Methylocystis sp. Rockwell.

To optimize production of PHB, bacterial cultures were grown under different combinations of methane and/or methanol with ammonium or nitrate mineral salts as the source of nitrogen. Growth was monitored along with oxygen and methane consumption, while biomass and PHB were analyzed at the end of growth. Results of this study revealed the importance of methane/methanol combination for PHB production, regardless of nitrogen

source, and led to the question of the mechanism of beneficial influence of methanol on PHB synthesis.

In addition, this study established novel, environmentally friendly, cheaper, and faster approach for direct PHB detection in methanotroph cells and confirmed its accuracy with the standard detection approach. In another approach, a molecular tool for detection of novel PHB-producing organisms in the environment was created, and the proof-of-concept principle has been confirmed.

Overall, results of this study offer new perspectives in both, optimization and detection/quantification and serve as the basis for further improvements in designing methanotrophic PHB biofactories.
Dynamical history of the Galilean satellites for a fast migration of Callisto
Creators: name: Lari, Giacomo
name: Saillenfest, Melaine
name: Grassi, Clara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the innermost Galilean satellites (Io, Europa and Ganymede) is characterised by a chain of mean motion resonances, called Laplace resonance, and by a strong tidal dissipation that causes wide variations of their semi-major axes over large timescales. The precise history of energy dissipation in the Jovian system is not known, but several theories have been proposed. Tidal resonance locking states that big outer moons can also migrate fast. If this is the case for Callisto, then it should have crossed the 2:1 mean motion resonance with Ganymede in the past, affecting the motion of all four Galilean satellites. Therefore, we aim to determine whether a fast migration for Callisto is compatible with the current orbital configuration of the system. Due to the chaotic nature of the resonant crossing, different outcomes are possible. A small portion of our simulations shows that Callisto can cross the 2:1 resonance with Ganymede without being captured and preserving the Laplace resonance. However, in most cases, we found that Callisto is captured into resonance, despite its divergent migration. As Callisto continues to migrate fast outwards, the moons depart substantially from the exact 8:4:2:1 commensurability, while still maintaining the resonant chain. Callisto can eventually escape it by crossing a high-order mean motion resonance with Ganymede. Afterwards, the moons' system is able to relax to its current configuration for suitable dissipation parameters of the satellites. Therefore it is possible, although challenging, to build a self-consistent picture of the past history of the Galilean satellites for a fast migration of Callisto.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
A combinatorial smoothness criterion for spherical varieties
Creators: name: Gagliardi, Giuliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M27, 14L30, 20G05

description: We suggest a combinatorial criterion for the smoothness of an arbitrary spherical variety using the classification of multiplicity-free spaces, generalizing an earlier result of Camus for spherical varieties of type $A$.
description: 14 pages, 2 tables
Estimation of hydrodynamic size distribution of magnetic nanoparticles based on AC magnetization harmonics for magnetic immunoassay
Creators: name: Sun, Yi
name: Zhang, Haochen
name: Yamamura, Shuya
name: Du, Zhongzhou
name: Yoshida, Takashi
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely studied for use in biomedical applications such as magnetic immunoassay. The hydrodynamic size distribution is an important physical characteristic for estimating the binding behavior in magnetic immunoassay. In this study, we proposed a method to estimate the hydrodynamic size distribution of MNPs based on the AC magnetization harmonics. The matrix equation of hydrodynamic size distribution was constructed based on the Fokker-Planck equation dominated by Brownian relaxation, and inversed by a Tikhonov regularization least squares algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the hydrodynamic size distribution, which is expected to useful for biosensor applications.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)
Dariah.Lab: Interdisciplinary Collaboration of Humanities and Technology
Creators: name: , Błaszczyńska
name: Guzik
name: , Hoffmann
name: , Umerle
name: Bloch
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Dariah.Lab; infrastructure; SSH; collaboration; Dariah Inspire; TRIPLE

description: Poster presented at the Final Triple Conference on Improving Discovery and Collaboration in Open Science in Bonn, on 1-3 February 2023. The “Inspire” online service will be a space for Polish humanities and arts which is currently developed as a part of the Dariah.Lab infrastructure. It aims to bring together scholars and other research enthusiasts who are scattered in their disciplinary, institutional, and topical circles, so they could share their digital know-how and experiences with each other, and explore new ways of collaboration. DARIAH-PL is a development project funded under the Smart Growth Operational Programme 2014-2020 in the area „Development of modern research infrastructure of the science sector”.
On the Neutron Star/Black Hole Mass Gap and Black Hole Searches
Creators: name: Shao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass distribution of black holes in low-mass X-ray binaries previously suggested the existence of a $ \sim 2-5M_{\odot} $ mass gap between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes, while some recent evidence appears to support that this mass gap is being populated. Whether there is a mass gap or not can potentially shed light on the physics of supernova explosions that form neutron stars and black holes, although significant mass accretion of neutron stars including binary mergers may lead to the formation of mass-gap objects. In this review, I collect the compact objects that are probable black holes with masses being in the gap. Most of them are in binaries, their mass measurements are obviously subject to some uncertainties. Current observations are still unable to confidently infer an absence or presence of the mass gap. Ongoing and future surveys are expected to build the mass spectrum of black holes which can be used to constrain the process of their formation especially in binaries. I describe the theoretical predictions for the formation of black holes in various types of binaries, and present some prospects of searching for black holes via electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, invited review for RAA. Comments welcome!
Quantum field theory in the Rindler-Rindler spacetime
Creators: name: Kolekar, Sanved
name: Padmanabhan, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that Minkowski vacuum appears as a thermal bath in the Rindler spacetime when the modes on the left wedge are traced out. We introduce the concept of a Rindler-Rindler spacetime, obtained by a further coordinate transformation from the Rindler spacetime, in a manner similar to the transformation from inertial to Rindler frame. We show that the Rindler vacuum appears as a thermal state in the Rindler-Rindler frame. Further, the spectrum of particles seen by the Rindler-Rindler observers in the original Minkowski vacuum state is shown to be identical to that seen by detector accelerating through a real thermal bath. Thus the Davies-Unruh effect acts as a proxy for a real thermal bath, for a certain class of observers in the Rindler-Rindler spacetime. We interpret this similarity as indicating further evidence of the indistinguishablity between thermal and quantum fluctuations along the lines of the recent work in arXiv:1308.6289. The implications are briefly discussed.
description: v1: 12 pages, no figure, v2: typo fixed in eq.39
Kac-Ward operators, Kasteleyn operators, and s-holomorphicity on arbitrary surface graphs
Creators: name: Cimasoni, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B20, 57M15

description: The conformal invariance and universality results of Chelkak-Smirnov on the two-dimensional Ising model hold for isoradial planar graphs with critical weights. Motivated by the problem of extending these results to a wider class of graphs, we define a generalized notion of s-holomorphicity for functions on arbitrary weighted surface graphs. We then give three criteria for s-holomorphicity involving the Kac-Ward, Kasteleyn, and discrete Dirac operators, respectively. Also, we show that some crucial results known to hold in the planar isoradial case extend to this general setting: in particular, spin-Ising fermionic observables are s-holomorphic, and it is possible to define a discrete version of the integral of the square of an s-holomorphic function. Along the way, we obtain a duality result for Kac-Ward determinants on arbitrary weighted surface graphs.
description: 39 pages, 14 figures; final version to appear in Ann. Inst. Henri Poincar\'e D
Deep Generative Adversarial Networks for Direct Super-resolution Magnetic Particle Imaging Reconstruction
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Zhao, Jing
name: Shen, Yusong
name: Tian, Jie
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI
Year: 2023

description: Due to the complex physical behavior of the nanoparticles, it is challenging to reconstruct the image from the magnetic particle signal. Since the system matrix reconstruction is time-consuming and the x-space reconstruction ignores the relaxation effect of the particles, we proposed to reconstruct the high-resolution 2-D image directly from the 1-D magnetic particle voltage signal by using the machine learning method of generative adversarial network (GAN). We first built a large simulation image dataset, which includes 291,597 binary images and each image’s corresponding MPI voltage signal simulated with our developed MPI simulation software MPIRF. By using the large simulation dataset, we trained a conditional-GAN model, which we termed “MPIGAN”, that can successfully convert the 1-D MPI voltage signal to the high-resolution MPI image directly and efficiently. Experiment results showed that, compared to the traditional methods, our proposed MPIGAN could better retrieve the fine-scale structure of the patterns of images from the 1-D voltage signals, and achieved better reconstruction performance in both visual effects and quantitative assessments, e.g., SSIM, MSE, PSNR. Our study provides a promising end-to-end AI solution for the efficient and high-resolution magnetic particle imaging reconstruction.
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging IJMPI, Vol 9 No 1 Suppl 1 (2023)