cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
High-resolution optical spectroscopy with a buffer-gas-cooled beam of BaH molecules
Creators: name: Iwata, G. Z.
name: McNally, R. L.
name: Zelevinsky, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Barium monohydride (BaH) is an attractive candidate for extending laser cooling and trapping techniques to diatomic hydrides. The apparatus and high-resolution optical spectroscopy presented here demonstrate progress toward this goal. A cryogenic buffer-gas-cooled molecular beam of BaH was constructed and characterized. Pulsed laser ablation into cryogenic helium buffer gas delivers $\sim1\times10^{10}$ molecules/sr/pulse in the X$^2Σ^+$ ($v''=0,N''=1$) state of primary interest. More than $1\times10^7$ of these molecules per pulse enter the downstream science region with forward velocities below 100 m/s and transverse temperature of 0.1 K. This molecular beam enabled high-resolution optical spectra of BaH in quantum states relevant to laser slowing and cooling. The reported measurements include hyperfine structure and magnetic $g$ factors in the X$^2Σ^+$, B$^2Σ^+$, and A$^2Π_{1/2}$ states.
description: Improved velocity distributions
Minimal theory of quasidilaton massive gravity
Creators: name: De Felice, Antonio
name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Oliosi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a quasidilaton scalar field to the minimal theory of massive gravity with the Minkowski fiducial metric, in such a way that the quasidilaton global symmetry is maintained and that the theory admits a stable self-accelerating de Sitter solution. We start with a precursor theory that contains three propagating gravitational degrees of freedom without a quasidilaton scalar and introduce Stückelberg fields to covariantize its action. This makes it possible for us to formulate the quasidilaton global symmetry that mixes the Stückelberg fields and the quasidilaton scalar field. By the Hamiltonian analysis we confirm that the precursor theory with the quasidilaton scalar contains four degrees of freedom, three from the precursor massive gravity and one from the quasidilaton scalar. We further remove one propagating degree of freedom to construct the minimal quasidilaton theory with three propagating degrees of freedom, corresponding to two polarizations of gravitational waves from the minimal theory of massive gravity and one scalar from the quasidilaton field, by carefully introducing two additional constraints to the system in the Hamiltonian language. Switching to the Lagrangian language, we find self-accelerating de Sitter solutions in the minimal quasidilaton theory and analyze their stability. It is found that the self-accelerating de Sitter solution is stable in a wide range of parameters.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures; title changed to adapt to published version, references added, minor typos corrected (equations (60) and (84)), minor changes to text
Family of Bell inequalities violated by higher-dimensional bound entangled states
Creators: name: Pal, Karoly F
name: Vertesi, Tamas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct ($d\times d$)-dimensional bound entangled states, which violate, for any $d>2$, a bipartite Bell inequality introduced in this paper. We conjecture that the proposed class of Bell inequalities acts as a dimension witness for bound entangled states: For any $d>2$ there exists a Bell inequality from this class that can be violated with bound entangled states only if their Hilbert space dimension is at least $d\times d$. Numerics supports this conjecture up to $d=8$.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Closed-Chain Manipulation of Large Objects by Multi-Arm Robotic Systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Xian
name: Lertkultanon, Puttichai
name: Pham, Quang-Cuong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Closed kinematic chains are created whenever multiple robot arms concurrently manipulate a single object. The closed-chain constraint, when coupled with robot joint limits, dramatically changes the connectivity of the configuration space. We propose a regrasping move, termed "IK-switch", which allows efficiently bridging components of the configuration space that are otherwise mutually disconnected. This move, combined with several other developments, such as a method to stabilize the manipulated object using the environment, a new tree structure, and a compliant control scheme, enables us to address complex closed-chain manipulation tasks, such as flipping a chair frame, which is otherwise impossible to realize using existing multi-arm planning methods.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Simulating quantum light propagation through atomic ensembles using matrix product states
Creators: name: Manzoni, Marco T.
name: Chang, Darrick E.
name: Douglas, James S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A powerful method to interface quantum light with matter is to propagate the light through an ensemble of atoms. Recently, a number of such interfaces have emerged, most prominently Rydberg ensembles, that enable strong nonlinear interactions between propagating photons. A largely open problem is whether these systems produce exotic many-body states of light and developing new tools to study propagation in the large photon number limit is highly desirable. Here, we provide a method based on a "spin model" that maps quasi one-dimensional (1D) light propagation to the dynamics of an open 1D interacting spin system, where all photon correlations are obtained from those of the spins. The spin dynamics in turn are numerically solved using the toolbox of matrix product states. We apply this formalism to investigate vacuum induced transparency, wherein the different photon number components of a pulse propagate with number-dependent group velocity and separate at output.
Duality of Free Fall: Is Force Application Possible?
Creators: name: Lumbini Buddhist University
name: Chaudhary, Asmit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Theoretical physics
subject: String theory

description: This paper discusses a hypothetical scenario where a person and a massive rock are in free fall. It explores how the person might attempt to decrease the rate of falling and assesses whether such an attempt would be successful. The paper examines the dynamics of force application in free fall and the limitations imposed by weightlessness.
Existence of solution to a new class of coupled variational-hemivariational inequalities
Creators: name: Bai, YR.
name: Migorski, S.
name: Nguyen, VT.
name: Peng, JW.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The objective of this paper is to introduce and study a complicated nonlinear system, called coupled variational-hemivariational inequalities, which is described by a highly nonlinear coupled system of inequalities on Banach spaces. We establish the nonemptiness and compactness of the solution set to the system. We apply a new method of proof based on a multivalued version of the Tychonoff fixed point principle in a Banach space combined with the generalized monotonicity arguments, and elements of the nonsmooth analysis. Our results improve and generalize some earlier theorems obtained for a very particular form of the system.
description: 17p
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by vascular cells in vitro
Creators: name: Kitching, Michael
name: Inguva, Saikumar
name: Ramani, Meghana
name: Gao, Yina
name: Marsili, Enrico
name: Cahill, Paul
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering

description: Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for antimicrobial and chemotherapeutic applications is a well-established process in microbial hosts such as bacterial, fungi, and plants. However, reports on AuNPs biosynthesis in mammalian cells are scarce. In this study, bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and bovine aortic smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) were examined for their ability to synthesize AuNPs in vitro. Cell culture conditions such as buffer selection, serum concentration, and HAuCl4 concentration were optimized before the biosynthesized AuNPs were characterized through visible spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. BAECs and BASMC produced small, spherical AuNPs that are semi-crystalline with a similar diameter (23 ± 2 nm and 23 ± 4 nm). Hydrogen peroxide pretreatment increased AuNPs synthesis, suggesting that antioxidant enzymes may reduce Au3+ ions as seen in microbial cells. However, buthionine sulfoximine inhibition of glutathione synthesis, a key regulator of oxidative stress, failed to affect AuNPs generation. Taken together, these results show that under the right synthesis conditions, non-tumor cell lines can produce detectable concentrations of AuNPs in vitro.
A new class of history-dependent quasi variational-hemivariational inequalities with constraints
Creators: name: Migorski, S.
name: Bai, YR.
name: Zeng, SD.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J87, 47J20, 49J40, 49J45, 74G30, 74M15

description: In this paper we consider an abstract class of time-dependent quasi variational-hemivariational inequalities which involves history-dependent operators and a set of unilateral constraints. First, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solution by using a recent result for elliptic variational-hemivariational inequalities in reflexive Banach spaces combined with a fixed-point principle for history-dependent operators. Then, we apply the abstract result to show the unique weak solvability to a quasistatic viscoelastic frictional contact problem. The contact law involves a unilateral Signorini-type condition for the normal velocity and the nonmonotone normal damped response condition while the friction condition is a version of the Coulomb law of dry friction in which the friction bound depends on the accumulated slip.
description: 15p
Repulsive gravity induced by a conformally coupled scalar field implies a bouncing radiation-dominated universe
Creators: name: Antunes, V.
name: Novello, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work we revisit a model consisting of a scalar field with a quartic self-interaction potential non-minimally (conformally) coupled to gravity [1]. When the scalar field vacuum is in a broken symmetry state, an effective gravitational constant emerges which, in certain regimes, can lead to gravitational repulsive effects when only ordinary radiation is coupled to gravity. In this case, a bouncing universe is shown to be the only cosmological solution admissible by the field equations when the scalar field is in such a broken symmetry state.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure
Classification of compactified $su(N_c)$ gauge theories with fermions in all representations
Creators: name: Anber, Mohamed M.
name: Vincent-Genod, Loïc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify $su(N_c)$ gauge theories on $\mathbb R^3\times \mathbb S^1$ with massless fermions in higher representations obeying periodic boundary conditions along $\mathbb S^1$. In particular, we single out the class of theories that is asymptotically free and weakly coupled in the infrared, and therefore, is amenable to semi-classical treatment. Our study is conducted by carefully identifying the vacua inside the affine Weyl chamber using Verma bases and Frobenius formula techniques. Theories with fermions in pure representations are generally strongly coupled. The only exceptions are the four-index symmetric representation of $su(2)$ and adjoint representation of $su(N_c)$. However, we find a plethora of admissible theories with fermions in mixed representations. A sub-class of these theories have degenerate perturbative vacua separated by domain walls. In particular, $su(N_c)$ theories with fermions in the mixed representations adjoint$\oplus$fundamental and adjoint$\oplus$two-index symmetric admit degenerate vacua that spontaneously break the parity ${\cal P}$, charge conjugation ${\cal C}$, and time reversal ${\cal T}$ symmetries. These are the first examples of strictly weakly coupled gauge theories on $\mathbb R^3 \times \mathbb S^1$ with spontaneously broken ${\cal C}$, ${\cal P}$, and ${\cal T}$ symmetries. We also compute the fermion zero modes in the background of monopole-instantons. The monopoles and their composites (topological molecules) proliferate in the vacuum leading to the confinement of electric charges. Interestingly enough, some theories have also accidental degenerate vacua, which are not related by any symmetry. These vacua admit different numbers of fermionic zero modes, and hence, different kinds of topological molecules. The lack of symmetry, however, indicates that such degeneracy might be lifted by higher order corrections.
description: 53 pages; a new section is added on the phase structure of theories with fermions in the adjoint+fundamental representations, typos corrected, references and figures added, matches the published version
Width of the confinement-induced resonance in a quasi-one-dimensional trap with transverse anisotropy
Creators: name: Qin, Fang
name: Pan, Jian-Song
name: Wang, Su
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the width of the s-wave confinement-induced resonance (CIR) in quasi-one-dimensional atomic gases under tunable transversely anisotropic confinement. We find that the width of the CIR can be tuned by varying the transverse anisotropy. The change in the width of the CIR can manifest itself in the position of the discontinuity in the interaction energy density, which can be probed experimentally.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, update references, published version
Development of As-Se tapered suspended-core fibers for ultra-broadband mid-IR
Creators: name: Anashkina, E. A.
name: Shiryaev, V. S.
name: Koptev, M. Y.
name: Stepanov, B. S.
name: Muravyev, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We designed and developed tapered suspended-core fibers of high-purity As39Se61 glass for supercontinuum generation in the mid-IR with a standard fiber laser pump source at 2 $μ$m. It was shown that microstructuring allows shifting a zero dispersion wavelength to the range shorter than 2 $μ$m in the fiber waist with a core diameter of about 1 $μ$m. In this case, supercontinuum generation in the 1-10 $μ$m range was obtained numerically with 150-fs 100-pJ pump pulses at 2 $μ$m. We also performed experiments on wavelength conversion of ultrashort optical pulses at 1.57 $μ$m from Er: fiber laser system in the manufactured As-Se tapered fibers. The measured broadening spectra were in a good agreement with the ones simulated numerically.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids (accepted for publication, 28 Jul 2017)
A class of elliptic quasi-variational-hemivariational inequalities with applications
Creators: name: Migorski, S.
name: Yao, JC.
name: Zeng, SD.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L15, 35L86, 35L87

description: In this paper we study a class of quasi--variational--hemi\-va\-ria\-tio\-nal inequalities in reflexive Banach spaces. The inequalities contain a convex potential, a locally Lipschitz superpotential, and a solution-dependent set of constraints. Solution existence and compactness of the solution set to the inequality problem are established based on the Kakutani--Ky Fan--Glicksberg fixed point theorem. Two examples of the interior and boundary semipermeability models illustrate the applicability of our results.
description: 15p
Evolution of the Fermi surface of BiTeCl with pressure
Creators: name: VanGennep, D.
name: Jackson, D. E.
name: Graf, D.
name: Berger, H.
name: Hamlin, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in the giant Rashba semiconductor BiTeCl under applied pressures up to ~2.5 GPa. We observe two distinct oscillation frequencies, corresponding to the Rashba-split inner and outer Fermi surfaces. BiTeCl has a conduction band bottom that is split into two sub-bands due to the strong Rashba coupling, resulting in two spin-polarized conduction bands as well as a Dirac point. Our results suggest that the chemical potential lies above this Dirac point, giving rise to two Fermi surfaces. We use a simple two-band model to understand the pressure dependence of our sample parameters. Comparing our results on BiTeCl to previous results on BiTeI, we observe similar trends in both the chemical potential and the Rashba splitting with pressure.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Quantum thermodynamic cycle with quantum phase transition
Creators: name: Ma, Yu-Han
name: Su, Shan-He
name: Sun, Chang-Pu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick (LMG) model as an illustration, we construct a thermodynamic cycle composed of two isothermal processes and two isomagnetic field processes and study the thermodynamic performance of this cycle accompanied by the quantum phase transition (QPT). We find that for a finite particle system working below the critical temperature, the efficiency of the cycle is capable of approaching the Carnot limit when the external magnetic field λ_{1} corresponding to one of the isomagnetic processes reaches the crosspoint of the ground states' energy level, which can become critical point of the QPT in large N limit. Our analysis proves that the system's energy level crossings at low temperature limits can lead to significant efficiency improvement of the quantum heat engine. In the case of the thermodynamics limit, analytical partition function is obtained to study the efficiency of the cycle at high and low temperature limits. At low temperatures, when the magnetic fields of the isothermal processes are located on both sides of the critical point of the QPT, the cycle obtains the maximum efficiency and the Carnot efficiency can be achieved. This observation demonstrate that the QPT of the LMG model below critical temperature is beneficial to the thermodynamic cycle's operation.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Possible devil's staircase in the Kondo lattice CeSbSe
Creators: name: Chen, K. -W.
name: Lai, Y.
name: Chiu, Y. -C.
name: Steven, S.
name: Besara, T.
name: Graf, D.
name: Siegrist, T.
name: Albrecht-Schmitt, T. E.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Baumbach, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature ($T$) - magnetic field ($H$) phase diagram for the tetragonal layered compound CeSbSe, is determined from magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements. This system exhibits complex magnetic ordering at $T_{\rm{M}}$ $=$ 3 K and the application of a magnetic field results in a cascade of magnetically ordered states for $H$ $\lesssim$ 1.8 T which are characterized by fractional integer size steps: i.e., a possible Devil's staircase is observed. Electrical transport measurements show a weak temperature dependence and large residual resistivity which suggest a small charge carrier density and strong scattering from the $f$-moments. These features reveal Kondo lattice behavior where the $f$-moments are incompletely screened, resulting in a fine balanced magnetic interaction between different Ce neighbors that is mediated by the RKKY interaction. This produces the nearly degenerate magnetically ordered states that are accessed under an applied magnetic field.
Simulation-driven engineering for the management of harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms
Creators: name: Risco-Martín, José L.
name: Esteban, Segundo
name: Chacón, Jesús
name: Carazo-Barbero, Gonzalo
name: Besada-Portas, Eva
name: López-Orozco, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Harmful Algal and Cyanobacterial Blooms (HABs), occurring in inland and maritime waters, pose threats to natural environments by producing toxins that affect human and animal health. In the past, HABs have been assessed mainly by the manual collection and subsequent analysis of water samples and occasionally by automatic instruments that acquire information from fixed locations. These procedures do not provide data with the desirable spatial and temporal resolution to anticipate the formation of HABs. Hence, new tools and technologies are needed to efficiently detect, characterize and respond to HABs that threaten water quality. It is essential nowadays when the world's water supply is under tremendous pressure because of climate change, overexploitation, and pollution. This paper introduces DEVS-BLOOM, a novel framework for real-time monitoring and management of HABs. Its purpose is to support high-performance hazard detection with Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) infrastructure for dynamic environments.
ARM Wrestling with Big Data: A Study of Commodity ARM64 Server for Big Data Workloads
Creators: name: Kalyanasundaram, Jayanth
name: Simmhan, Yogesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ARM processors have dominated the mobile device market in the last decade due to their favorable computing to energy ratio. In this age of Cloud data centers and Big Data analytics, the focus is increasingly on power efficient processing, rather than just high throughput computing. ARM's first commodity server-grade processor is the recent AMD A1100-series processor, based on a 64-bit ARM Cortex A57 architecture. In this paper, we study the performance and energy efficiency of a server based on this ARM64 CPU, relative to a comparable server running an AMD Opteron 3300-series x64 CPU, for Big Data workloads. Specifically, we study these for Intel's HiBench suite of web, query and machine learning benchmarks on Apache Hadoop v2.7 in a pseudo-distributed setup, for data sizes up to $20GB$ files, $5M$ web pages and $500M$ tuples. Our results show that the ARM64 server's runtime performance is comparable to the x64 server for integer-based workloads like Sort and Hive queries, and only lags behind for floating-point intensive benchmarks like PageRank, when they do not exploit data parallelism adequately. We also see that the ARM64 server takes $\frac{1}{3}^{rd}$ the energy, and has an Energy Delay Product (EDP) that is $50-71\%$ lower than the x64 server. These results hold promise for ARM64 data centers hosting Big Data workloads to reduce their operational costs, while opening up opportunities for further analysis.
description: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing, Data, and Analytics (HiPC), 2017
On the lepton CP violation in a $ν$2HDM with flavor
Creators: name: Barradas-Guevara, E.
name: Félix-Beltrán, O.
name: Gonzalez-Canales, F.
name: Zeleny-Mora, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we propose an extension to the Standard Model in which we consider the model 2HDM type-III plus massive neutrinos and the horizontal flavor symmetry $S_{3}$ $(ν$2HDM$\otimes S_3)$. In the above framework and with the explicit breaking of flavor symmetry $S_{3}$, the Yukawa matrices in the flavor adapted basis are represented by means of a matrix with two texture zeroes. Also, the active neutrinos are considered as Majorana particles and their masses are generated through type-I seesaw mechanism. The unitary matrices that diagonalize the mass matrices, as well as the flavor mixing matrices, are expressed in terms of fermion mass ratios. Consequently, in the mass basis the entries of the Yukawa matrices naturally acquire the form of the so-called {\it Cheng-Sher ansatz}. For the leptonic sector of $ν$2HDM$\otimes S_3$, we compare, through a $χ^{2}$ likelihood test, the theoretical expressions of the flavor mixing angles with the masses and flavor mixing leptons current experimental data. The results obtained in this $χ^{2}$ analysis are in very good agreement with the current experimental data. We also obtained an allowed value ranges for the "Dirac-like" phase factor, as well as for the two Majorana phase factors. Furthermore, we study the phenomenological implications of these numerical values of the CP-violation phases on the neutrinoless double beta decay, and for Long Base-Line neutrino oscillation experiments such as T2K, NO$ν$A, and DUNE.
description: CIFFU-17-02
Holographic Dark Energy
Creators: name: Wang, Shuang
name: Wang, Yi
name: Li, Miao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the paradigm of holographic dark energy (HDE), which arises from a theoretical attempt of applying the holographic principle (HP) to the dark energy (DE) problem. Making use of the HP and the dimensional analysis, we derive the general formula of the energy density of HDE. Then, we describe the properties of HDE model, in which the future event horizon is chosen as the characteristic length scale. We also introduce the theoretical explorations and the observational constraints for this model. Next, in the framework of HDE, we discuss various topics, such as spatial curvature, neutrino, instability of perturbation, time-varying gravitational constant, inflation, black hole and big rip singularity. In addition, from both the theoretical and the observational aspects, we introduce the interacting holographic dark energy scenario, where the interaction between dark matter and HDE is taken into account. Furthermore, we discuss the HDE scenario in various modified gravity (MG) theories, such as Brans-Dicke theory, braneworld theory, scalar-tensor theory, Horava-Lifshitz theory, and so on. Besides, we introduce the attempts of reconstructing various scalar-field DE and MG models from HDE. Moreover, we introduce other DE models inspired by the HP, in which different characteristic length scales are chosen. Finally, we make comparisons among various HP-inspired DE models, by using cosmological observations and diagnostic tools.
description: 98 pages, 21 figures, 10 tables. Accepted for Publication in Physics Reports
British Gallup Poll CQ 554
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan approval (1); Margaret Thatcher approval (1); Daniel Steel approval (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); government price & income policy (8); government controlling prices (1); rising prices stoppable (1); trade union response to policy (1); views of marriage (8); clothing shopping (297); bought sewing machine (4); kitchen furniture (48); bedroom furniture (41); living room furniture (5); Hygena furniture (7); dictionaries (49); medical guides (12); encyclopedias (12); thesaurus (1); electrical appliances (18).
Measurement of multi-particle azimuthal correlations in $pp$, $p$+Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-particle cumulants and corresponding Fourier harmonics are measured for azimuthal angle distributions of charged particles in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 5.02 and 13 TeV and in $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV, and compared to the results obtained for low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. These measurements aim to assess the collective nature of particle production. The measurements of multi-particle cumulants confirm the evidence for collective phenomena in $p$+Pb and low-multiplicity Pb+Pb collisions. On the other hand, the $pp$ results for four-particle cumulants do not demonstrate collective behaviour, indicating that they may be biased by contributions from non-flow correlations. A comparison of multi-particle cumulants and derived Fourier harmonics across different collision systems is presented as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity. For a given multiplicity, the measured Fourier harmonics are largest in Pb+Pb, smaller in $p$+Pb and smallest in $pp$ collisions. The $pp$ results show no dependence on the collision energy, nor on the multiplicity.
description: 54 pages in total, author list starting page 38, 17 figures, 10 tables, final version published in EPJC, All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2015-14/
title: Two stages of Coseismic Rupturing separated by a stage of Postseismic Creep indicated by deformed pseudotachylytes from the Silvretta basal thrust
Creators: name: Trepmann, Claudia A.
name: Brückner, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Decoupling and movement of large crystalline nappes during orogenesis are controlled by episodic deformation at changing strain-rate and stress conditions. Deformed pseudotachylytes from the Silvretta basal thrust in the Central Alps, Austria, record two stages of pseudotachylyte formation separated by a stage of creep with quartz dynamic recrystallization at decreasing stresses at greenschist facies conditions. Amphibole (-101) mechanical twins indicate high strain rates and transient high differential stresses of >400 MPa during the formation of pseudotachylytes in amphibole-rich gneisses. Undeformed pseudotachylytes contain isometric rounded amphibole-gneiss clasts and quartz-rich clasts. The pseudotachylytes can be gradually transformed into ultramylonites containing deformed quartz clasts that are elongated parallel to the foliation of the fine-grained ultramylonitic matrix. The deformed quartz clasts are characterized by aggregates with an oblique shape preferred orientation and crystallographic preferred orientation indicating dislocation creep during ultramylonite formation. In other samples, pseudotachylyte injection veins within quartz-rich layers that underwent dislocation creep were foliated and folded. These deformed pseudotachylytes can be cross-cut by undeformed pseudotachylytes. The two stages of pseudotachylyte formation are reflecting coseismic rupturing. The intermediate stage of creep with quartz dynamic recrystallization at decreasing stresses is interpreted to represent postseismic creep with relatively slow stress relaxation, as opposed to a separate deformation stage. However, also quartz-rich host rocks deformed related to pseudotachylytes occur that show growth of new grains at quasi-isostatic conditions along the damage zone of coseismically generated cleavage cracks, without any evidence of creep after pseudotachylyte formation and thus representing relatively fast stress relaxation.
Classification of spin structures on 4-dimensional almost-flat manifolds
Creators: name: Lutowski, Rafał
name: Petrosyan, Nansen
name: Szczepański, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C27, 20H25

description: Almost-flat manifolds were defined by Gromov as a natural generalisation of flat manifolds and as such share many of their properties. Similarly to flat manifolds, it turns out that the existence of a spin structure on an almost-flat manifold is determined by the canonical orthogonal representation of its fundamental group. Utilising this, we classify the spin structures on all four-dimensional almost-flat manifolds that are not flat. Out of 127 orientable families, there are exactly 15 that are non-spin, the rest are in fact parallelizable.
description: Final version accepted for publication
The Complexity of Verifying Boolean Programs as Differentially Private
Creators: name: Bun, Mark
name: Gaboardi, Marco
name: Glinskih, Ludmila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the complexity of the problem of verifying differential privacy for while-like programs working over boolean values and making probabilistic choices. Programs in this class can be interpreted into finite-state discrete-time Markov Chains (DTMC). We show that the problem of deciding whether a program is differentially private for specific values of the privacy parameters is PSPACE-complete. To show that this problem is in PSPACE, we adapt classical results about computing hitting probabilities for DTMC. To show PSPACE-hardness we use a reduction from the problem of checking whether a program almost surely terminates or not. We also show that the problem of approximating the privacy parameters that a program provides is PSPACE-hard. Moreover, we investigate the complexity of similar problems also for several relaxations of differential privacy: Rényi differential privacy, concentrated differential privacy, and truncated concentrated differential privacy. For these notions, we consider gap-versions of the problem of deciding whether a program is private or not and we show that all of them are PSPACE-complete.
description: Appeared in CSF 2022
Twisted Molecular Excitons as Mediators for Changing the Angular Momentum of Light
Creators: name: Zang, Xiaoning
name: Lusk, Mark T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecules with C_N or C_Nh symmetry can absorb quanta of optical angular momentum to generate twisted excitons with well-defined quasi-angular momenta of their own. Angular momentum is conserved in such interactions at the level of a paraxial approximation for the light beam. A sequence of absorption events can thus be used to create a range of excitonic angular momenta. Subsequent decay can produce radiation with a single angular momentum equal to that accumulated. Such molecules can thus be viewed as mediators for changing the angular momentum of light. This sidesteps the need to exploit nonlinear light-matter interactions based on higher-order susceptibilities. A tight-binding paradigm is used to verify angular momentum conservation and demonstrate how it can be exploited to change the angular momentum of light. The approach is then extended to a time-dependent density functional theory setting where the key results are shown to hold in a many-body, multi-level setting.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures
Universal behaviour of the glass and the jamming transitions in finite dimensions
Creators: name: Coniglio, Antonio
name: Ciamarra, Massimo Pica
name: Aste, Tomaso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the glass and the jamming transitions of hard spheres in finite dimensions $d$, through a revised cell theory, that combines the free volume and the Random First Order Theory (RFOT). Recent results show that in infinite dimension the ideal glass transition and jamming transitions are distinct, while based on our theory we argue that they indeed coincide for finite $d$. As a consequence, jamming results into a percolation transition described by RFOT, with a static length diverging with exponent $ν=2/d$, which we verify through finite size scaling, and standard critical exponents $α= 0$, $β= 0$ and $γ= 2$ independent on $d$.
Higher-order theories of gravity: diagnosis, extraction and reformulation via non-metric extra degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Belenchia, Alessio
name: Letizia, Marco
name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Di Casola, Eolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modifications of Einstein's theory of gravitation have been extensively considered in the past years, in connection to both cosmology and quantum gravity. Higher-curvature and higher-derivative gravity theories constitute the main examples of such modifications. These theories exhibit, in general, more degrees of freedom than those found in standard General Relativity; counting, identifying, and retrieving the description/representation of such dynamical variables is currently an open problem, and a decidedly nontrivial one. In this work we review, via both formal arguments and custom-made examples, the most relevant methods to unveil the gravitational degrees of freedom of a given model, discussing the merits, subtleties and pitfalls of the various approaches.
description: 85 pages; typos corrected, references added; conclusions improved
Development of a competency test model to evaluate forensic identification officers on crime scene processing
Creators: name: Gendron, Megan
name: Illes, Mike
name: Albrecht, Irv
name: Warrington, David
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Proficiency testing is required to ensure quality, efficiency, and safety in many disciplines. Multiple proficiency tests exist for forensic disciplines such as fingerprint analysis and toxicology, but minimal research has been conducted on the proficiency of crime scene experts. The foundation of an effective proficiency test rests upon the development of competency tests. Here, a proof-of-concept competency test was designed as an example of how to evaluate the crime scene processing skills of forensic identification officers (FIOs) using a mock crime scene scenario. The test has three main components: i) crime scene approach test, ii) evidence processing test, and iii) general crime scene knowledge test, with pre-test demographic questions. The competency testing content and process was reviewed by two forensic identification experts (manuscript co-authors) for viability. Due to its digital format, this competency test is widely accessible, user-friendly, and can be a template for a police service to develop their own crime scene competency test or an internal proficiency test for specialized tasks such as a fingerprint comparison or an estimation of the area origin in bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) to help mitigate risks and identify knowledge gaps.
Analyzing Chaos in Higher Order Disordered Quartic-Sextic Klein-Gordon Lattices Using $q$-Statistics
Creators: name: Antonopoulos, Chris G.
name: Skokos, Charalampos
name: Bountis, Tassos
name: Flach, Sergej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the study of subdiffusive wave-packet spreading in disordered Klein-Gordon (KG) nonlinear lattices, a central open question is whether the motion continues to be chaotic despite decreasing densities, or tends to become quasi-periodic as nonlinear terms become negligible. In a recent study of such KG particle chains with quartic (4th order) anharmonicity in the on-site potential, it was shown that $q-$Gaussian probability distribution functions of sums of position observables with $q > 1$ always approach pure Gaussians ($q=1$) in the long time limit and hence the motion of the full system is ultimately "strongly chaotic". In the present paper, we show that these results continue to hold even when a sextic (6th order) term is gradually added to the potential and ultimately prevails over the 4th order anharmonicity, despite expectations that the dynamics is more "regular", at least in the regime of small oscillations. Analyzing this system in the subdiffusive energy domain using $q$-statistics, we demonstrate that groups of oscillators centered around the initially excited one (as well as the full chain) possess strongly chaotic dynamics and are thus far from any quasi-periodic torus, for times as long as $t=10^9$.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
title: Deciphering the Gypsum - Anhydrite Phase Transition in the Atacama Desert
Creators: name: Wehmann, Niklas
name: Lenting, Christoph
name: Jahn, Sandro
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Present as gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O), bassanite (CaSO4∙0.5H2O) and anhydrite (CaSO4), calcium sulphates comprise a significant fraction of the surface and soil in the Atacama Desert.Field observation suggest a secondary formation process for the dehydrated sulphates.These thermodynamically predicted phase transitions were ruled out by previous studies to occur by heating under ambient conditions of the Atacama Desert or by suppressing the water activity with simplified brine-solutions[1]. Furthermore, high induction times for nucleation hampers anhydrite growth.Recent studies[2,3] have shown that precipitation of anhydrite can be achieved in flow-through reactors at room temperature even with high water-activity (aw = 0.98).Results from our own flow-through experiments with gypsum seeded with anhydrite under a variety of temperatures and salinities contradict the notion that the production of anhydrite is a consequence of simple hydrological factors. It appears essential to gain a deeper understanding of catalytic processes that stabilize anhydrite nuclei.Possible responsible catalysts could be of ionic, nano-particulate or organic nature. The effects of these catalysts have been studied in the literature extensively[4] and especially nanoparticles and ions from soluble salts are abundant in Atacama Desert sediments.We show results from experiments performed on natural and synthetic samples that systematically explore the domains of solution flow, ionic contamination and nanoparticles.

[1] Ossorio, M., et al., Chemical Geology 386 (2014): 16-21.[2] Dixon, E., et al., Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets 120.4 (2015): 625-642.[3] Miller, Kayla., (2017).[4] Cody, R. D., and A. B. Hull., Geology 8.10 (1980): 505-509.
Helical paths, gravitaxis, and separation phenomena for mass-anisotropic self-propelling colloids: experiment versus theory
Creators: name: Campbell, Andrew I.
name: Wittkowski, Raphael
name: Hagen, Borge ten
name: Löwen, Hartmut
name: Ebbens, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-propulsion mechanism of active colloidal particles often generates not only translational but also rotational motion. For particles with an anisotropic mass density under gravity, the motion is usually influenced by a downwards oriented force and an aligning torque. Here we study the trajectories of self-propelled bottom-heavy Janus particles in three spatial dimensions both in experiments and by theory. For a sufficiently large mass anisotropy, the particles typically move along helical trajectories whose axis is oriented either parallel or antiparallel to the direction of gravity (i.e., they show gravitaxis). In contrast, if the mass anisotropy is small and rotational diffusion is dominant, gravitational alignment of the trajectories is not possible. Furthermore, the trajectories depend on the angular self-propulsion velocity of the particles. If this component of the active motion is strong and rotates the direction of translational self-propulsion of the particles, their trajectories have many loops, whereas elongated swimming paths occur if the angular self-propulsion is weak. We show that the observed gravitational alignment mechanism and the dependence of the trajectory shape on the angular self-propulsion can be used to separate active colloidal particles with respect to their mass anisotropy and angular self-propulsion, respectively.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Yangian Symmetry for the Tree Amplituhedron
Creators: name: Ferro, Livia
name: Lukowski, Tomasz
name: Orta, Andrea
name: Parisi, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tree-level scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills are known to be Yangian-invariant. It has been shown that integrability allows to obtain a general, explicit method to find such invariants. The uplifting of this result to the amplituhedron construction has been an important open problem. In this paper, with the help of methods proper to integrable theories, we successfully fill this gap and clarify the meaning of Yangian invariance for the tree-level amplituhedron. In particular, we construct amplituhedron volume forms from an underlying spin chain. As a by-product of this construction, we also propose a novel on-shell diagrammatics for the amplituhedron.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures; v2: extended discussion of results, minor typos corrected, version published in Journal of Physics A
British Gallup Poll CQ 559
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan approval (1); Margaret Thatcher approval (1); Daniel Steel approval (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); government price & income policy (8); government controlling prices (1); rising prices stoppable (1); trade union response to policy (1); organ donation (3); cigarette restrictions (4); rental car (20); fishing (1); sunglasses (12); Open University (1); kitchen furniture (22); bedroom furniture (16); home appliances (63); jeans (63); imported foods (3); West German foods (24).