cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Allostasis and allostatic load in the context of poverty in early childhood
Creators: name: Hibel, Leah
name: Mills-Koonce, Roger
name: Granger, Douglas
name: Blair, Clancy
name: Raver, C. Cybele
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This paper examined the relation of early environmental adversity associated with poverty to child resting or basal level of cortisol in a prospective longitudinal sample of 1,135 children seen at 7, 15, 24, 35, and 48 months of age. We found main effects for length of time in poverty, poor housing quality, African American ethnicity, and low positive caregiving behavior in which each was uniquely associated with an overall higher level of cortisol from age 7 months to 48 months. We also found that two aspects of the early environment in the context of poverty, adult exits from the home and perceived economic insufficiency, were related to salivary cortisol in a time dependent manner. The effect for the first of these, exits from the home, was consistent with the principle of allostatic load in which the effects of adversity on stress physiology accumulate over time. The effect for perceived economic insufficiency was one in which insufficiency was associated with higher levels of cortisol in infancy but with a typical but steeper decline in cortisol with age at subsequent time points.
Photon-mediated interactions: a scalable tool to create and sustain entangled states of N atoms
Creators: name: Aron, Camille
name: Kulkarni, Manas
name: Türeci, Hakan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study the use of photon-mediated interactions for the generation of long-range steady-state entanglement between N atoms. Through the judicious use of coherent drives and the placement of the atoms in a network of Cavity QED systems, a balance between their unitary and dissipative dynamics can be precisely engineered to stabilize a long-range correlated state of qubits in the steady state. We discuss the general theory behind such a scheme, and present an example of how it can be used to drive a register of N atoms to a generalized W state and how the entanglement can be sustained indefinitely. The achievable steady-state fidelities for entanglement and its scaling with the number of qubits are discussed for presently existing superconducting quantum circuits. While the protocol is primarily discussed for a superconducting circuit architecture, it is ideally realized in any Cavity QED platform that permits controllable delivery of coherent electromagnetic radiation to specified locations.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
False Memory for Trauma-Related DRM Lists in Adolescents and Adults with Histories of Child Sexual Abuse
Creators: name: Beber, Jonathan
name: Ogle, Christin M.
name: Harris, Latonya S.
name: Goodman, Gail S.
name: Timmer, Susan
name: Urquiza, Anthony
name: Block, Stephanie D.
name: Cho, Young Il
name: Larson, Rakel P.
name: Augusti, Else-Marie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of the present research was to examine Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory for trauma-related and nontrauma-related lists in adolescents and adults with and without documented histories of child sexual abuse (CSA). Individual differences in psychopathology and adult attachment were also explored. Participants were administered free recall and recognition tests after hearing CSA, negative, neutral, and positive DRM lists. In free recall, CSA and negative lists produced the most false memory. In sharp contrast, for recognition, CSA lists enjoyed the highest d’ scores. CSA-group adolescents who evinced greater PTSD symptoms had higher rates of false memory compared to: 1) nonCSA-group adolescents with higher PTSD symptom scores (free recall), and 2) CSA-group adolescents with lower PTSD symptom scores (recognition). Regression analyses revealed that individuals with higher PTSD scores and greater fearful-avoidant attachment tendencies showed less proficient memory monitoring for CSA lists. Implications for trauma and memory development and for translational research are discussed.
Approaches for Dialog Management in Conversational Agents
Creators: name: Jan-Gerrit Harms
name: Kucherbaev, Pavel
name: Bozzon, Alessandro
name: Geert-Jan Houben
Publisher: name: AMS Knowledge portal of Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80505 Web Technologies (excl. Web Search)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Dialog agents, like digital assistants and automated chat interfaces (e.g., chatbots), are becoming more and more popular as users adapt to conversing with their devices as they do with humans. In this paper, we present approaches and available tools for dialog management (DM), a component of dialog agents that handles dialog context and decides the next action for the agent to take. In this paper, we establish an overview of the field of DM, compare approaches and state-of-the-art tools in industry and research work on a set of dimensions, and identify directions for further research work.
Interparental aggression, attention skills, and early childhood behavior problems
Creators: name: Cox, Martha J.
name: Towe-Goodman, Nissa R.
name: Coccia, Michael A.
name: Stifter, Cynthia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The current study explored longitudinal associations between interparental aggression, the development of child attention skills, and early childhood behavior problems in a diverse sample of 636 families living in predominately low-income, nonmetropolitan communities. The results of latent-variable, cross-lagged longitudinal models revealed that maternal-reported interparental aggression in infancy predicted reduced observed attention skills in toddlerhood; no association was observed, however, between attention in infancy and interparental aggression during the toddler years. Further, reduced toddler attention and high interparental aggression were both associated with increased risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and conduct problems at 3 years of age. Processes largely operated in similar ways regardless of child gender or low-income status, although a few differences were observed. Overall, the results suggest that interparental aggression undermines attention development, putting children’s early behavioral adjustment at risk.
Robotics system integration (second version)
Creators: name: PILOTING Project
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document is a description of the efforts that led to the integration of two key components of the PILOTING I&M platform: the generic Robot Control Station (gRCS), which standardizes the supervision of the robotic vehicles, and the robotic engine, which integrates the autonomous functionalities on the robotic vehicles. It also includes experiments performed at laboratory or controlled environments, to validate such integration. In addition, since this deliverable corresponds to the second cycle of integration, some experiments have been performed in more realistic environments. This deliverable is the direct outcome of the work performed within tasks T7.1 (“Ground and crawler robotic systems integration”) and T7.2 (“Aerial and hybrid robotic system integration”). It is also the continuation of deliverable D7.1, which describes the first integration cycle. Multiple references to D7.1 are made in this document to avoid duplication of information.
title: CD56+ T-cells in relation to cytomegalovirus in healthy subjects and kidney transplant patients
Creators: name: Almehmadi, Mazen
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2015

description: Human T cells expressing CD56 are capable of tumour cell lysis following activation with interleukin-2 but their role in viral immunity has been less well studied. The work described in this thesis aimed to investigate CD56+ T-cells in relation to cytomegalovirus infection in healthy subjects and kidney transplant patients (KTPs). Proportions of CD56+ T cells were found to be highly significantly increased in healthy cytomegalovirus-seropositive (CMV+) compared to cytomegalovirus-seronegative (CMV-) subjects (8.38% ± 0.33 versus 3.29%± 0.33; P
Etiological features of borderline personality related characteristics in a birth cohort of 12-year-old children
Creators: name: Caspi, Avshalom
name: Moffitt, Terrie E.
name: Goodman, Marianne
name: Belsky, Daniel W.
name: Fonagy, Peter
name: Houts, Renate
name: Arseneault, Louise
name: Bleidorn, Wiebke
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: It has been reported that borderline personality related characteristics can be observed in children, and that these characteristics are associated with increased risk for the development of borderline personality disorder. It is not clear whether borderline personality related characteristics in children share etiological features with adult borderline personality disorder. We investigated the etiology of borderline personality related characteristics in a longitudinal cohort study of 1,116 pairs of same-sex twins followed from birth through age 12 years. Borderline personality related characteristics measured at age 12 years were highly heritable, were more common in children who had exhibited poor cognitive function, impulsivity, and more behavioral and emotional problems at age 5 years, and co-occurred with symptoms of conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, and psychosis. Exposure to harsh treatment in the family environment through age 10 years predicted borderline personality related characteristics at age 12 years. This association showed evidence of environmental mediation and was stronger among children with a family history of psychiatric illness, consistent with diathesis–stress models of borderline etiology. Results indicate that borderline personality related characteristics in children share etiological features with borderline personality disorder in adults and suggest that inherited and environmental risk factors make independent and interactive contributions to borderline etiology.
Testing foundations of quantum mechanics with photons
Creators: name: Shadbolt, Peter
name: Matthews, Jonathan C. F.
name: Laing, Anthony
name: O'Brien, Jeremy L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The foundational ideas of quantum mechanics continue to give rise to counterintuitive theories and physical effects that are in conflict with a classical description of Nature. Experiments with light at the single photon level have historically been at the forefront of tests of fundamental quantum theory and new developments in photonics engineering continue to enable new experiments. Here we review recent photonic experiments to test two foundational themes in quantum mechanics: wave-particle duality, central to recent complementarity and delayed-choice experiments; and Bell nonlocality where recent theoretical and technological advances have allowed all controversial loopholes to be separately addressed in different photonics experiments.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, published as a Nature Physics Insight review article
Chatterbox: Conversational Interfaces for Microtask Crowdsourcing
Creators: name: Mavridis, Panagiotis
name: Huang, Owen
name: Sihang Qiu
name: Ujwal Gadiraju
name: Bozzon, Alessandro
Publisher: name: AMS Knowledge portal of Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80505 Web Technologies (excl. Web Search)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conversational interfaces can facilitate human-computer interactions. Whether or not conversational interfaces can improve worker experience and work quality in crowdsourcing marketplaces has remained unanswered. We investigate the suitability of text-based conversational interfaces for microtask crowdsourcing. We designed a rigorous experimental campaign aimed at gauging the interest and acceptance by crowdworkers for this type of work interface. We compared Web and conversational interfaces for five common microtask types and measured the execution time, quality of work, and the perceived satisfaction of 316 workers recruited from the FigureEight platform. We show that conversational interfaces can be used effectively for crowdsourcing microtasks, resulting in a high satisfaction from workers, and without having a negative impact on task execution time or work quality.
Thermodynamics of Apparent Horizon and Friedmann Equations in Big Bounce Universe
Creators: name: Liu, Molin
name: Yang, Yuling
name: Lv, Jianbo
name: Xu, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study a big bounce universe typified by a non-singular big bounce, as opposed to a singular big bang. This cosmological model can describe radiation dominated early universe and matter dominated late universe in FRW model. The connections between thermodynamics and gravity are observed here. In the early stage of both cold and hot universes, we find there is only one geometry containing a 4D de Sitter universe with a general state parameter. We also find the form of the apparent horizon in the early universe strongly depends on the extra dimension, which suggests that the influence of the extra dimension could in principle be found in the early universe. Moreover, we show that in the late stages of both cold and hot universes, the moment when the apparent horizon begins to bounce keeps essentially in step with the behavior of the cosmological scalar factor.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures. Accepted by General Relativity and Gravitation
The influence of five monoamine genes on trajectories of depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood
Creators: name: Adkins, Daniel E.
name: van den Oord, Edwin J. C. G.
name: McClay, Joseph L.
name: Daw, Jonathan K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The influence of five monoamine candidate genes on depressive symptom trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood were examined in the Add Health genetic sample. Results indicated that, for all respondents, carriers of the DRD4 5-repeat allele were characterized by distinct depressive symptom trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood. Similarly, for males, individuals with the MAOA 3.5-repeat allele exhibited unique depressive symptom trajectories. Specifically, the trajectories of those with the DRD4 5-repeat allele were characterized by rising levels in the transition to adulthood, while their peers were experiencing a normative drop in depressive symptom frequency. Conversely, males with the MAOA 3.5-repeat allele were shown to experience increased distress in late adolescence. An empirical method for examining a wide array of allelic combinations was employed, and false discovery rate methods were used to control the risk of false positives due to multiple testing. Special attention was given to thoroughly interrogate the robustness of the putative genetic effects. These results demonstrate the value of combining dynamic developmental perspectives with statistical genetic methods to optimize the search for genetic influences on psychopathology across the life course.
Human Aided Bots
Creators: name: Kucherbaev, Pavel
name: Bozzon, Alessandro
name: Geert-Jan Houben
Publisher: name: AMS Knowledge portal of Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80505 Web Technologies (excl. Web Search)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A chatbot is an example of a text-based conversational agent. While natural language understanding and machine learning techniques have advanced rapidly, current fully automated chatbots still struggle to serve their users well. Human intelligence, brought by crowd workers, freelancers, or even full-time employees can be embodied in the chatbot logic to fill the gaps caused by limitations of fully automated solutions. In this paper, we investigate human-aided bots, i.e., bots (including chatbots) using humans in the loop to operate. We survey industrial and academic examples of human-aided bots, discuss their differences and common patterns, and identify open research questions.
Hyporesponsiveness to social and nonsocial sensory stimuli in children with autism, children with developmental delays, and typically developing children
Creators: name: Poe, Michele D.
name: Boyd, Brian A.
name: David, Fabian J.
name: Baranek, Grace T.
name: McGuire, Lorin
name: Watson, Linda R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This cross-sectional study seeks to (a) describe developmental correlates of sensory hyporesponsiveness to social and nonsocial stimuli, (b) determine whether hyporesponsiveness is generalized across contexts in children with autism relative to controls, and (c) test the associations between hyporesponsiveness and social communication outcomes. Three groups of children ages 11-105 months (N = 178; autism = 63, developmental delay = 47, typical development = 68) are given developmental and sensory measures including a behavioral orienting task (the Sensory Processing Assessment). Lab measures are significantly correlated with parental reports of sensory hyporesponsiveness. Censored regression models show that hyporesponsiveness decreased across groups with increasing mental age (MA). Group differences are significant but depend upon two-way interactions with MA and context (social and nonsocial). At a very young MA (e.g., 6 months), the autism group demonstrates more hyporesponsiveness to social and nonsocial stimuli (with larger effects for social) than developmental delay and typically developing groups, but at an older MA (e.g., 60 months) there are no significant differences. Hyporesponsiveness to social and nonsocial stimuli predicts lower levels of joint attention and language in children with autism. Generalized processes in attention disengagement and behavioral orienting may have relevance for identifying early risk factors of autism and for facilitating learning across contexts to support the development of joint attention and language.
Premorbid functional development and conversion to psychosis in clinical high-risk youths
Creators: name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Heinssen, Robert
name: Tarbox, Sarah I.
name: Addington, Jean
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Deterioration in premorbid functioning is a common feature of schizophrenia, but sensitivity to psychosis conversion among clinical high-risk samples has not been examined. This study evaluates premorbid functioning as a predictor of psychosis conversion among a clinical high-risk sample, controlling for effects of prior developmental periods. Participants were 270 clinical high-risk individuals in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study—I, 78 of whom converted to psychosis over the next 2.5 years. Social, academic, and total maladjustment in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence were rated using the Cannon–Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Early adolescent social dysfunction significantly predicted conversion to psychosis (hazard ratio = 1.30, p = .014), independently of childhood social maladjustment and independently of severity of most baseline positive and negative prodromal symptoms. Baseline prodromal symptoms of disorganized communication, social anhedonia, suspiciousness, and diminished ideational richness mediated this association. Early adolescent social maladjustment and baseline suspiciousness together demonstrated moderate positive predictive power (59%) and high specificity (92.1%) in predicting conversion. Deterioration of academic and total functioning, although observed, did not predict conversion to psychosis. Results indicate early adolescent social dysfunction to be an important early predictor of conversion. As such, it may be a good candidate for inclusion in prediction algorithms and could represent an advantageous target for early intervention.
Photophysics of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanocrystals
Creators: name: Berthel, M.
name: Mollet, O.
name: Dantelle, G.
name: Gacoin, T.
name: Huant, S.
name: Drezet, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study of the photophysical properties of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond nanocrystals of size of 50~nm or below is carried out by means of second-order time-intensity photon correlation and cross-correlation measurements as a function of the excitation power for both pure charge states, neutral and negatively charged, as well as for the photochromic state, where the center switches between both states at any power. A dedicated three-level model implying a shelving level is developed to extract the relevant photophysical parameters coupling all three levels. Our analysis confirms the very existence of the shelving level for the neutral NV center. It is found that it plays a negligible role on the photophysics of this center, whereas it is responsible for an increasing photon bunching behavior of the negative NV center with increasing power. From the photophysical parameters, we infer a quantum efficiency for both centers, showing that it remains close to unity for the neutral center over the entire power range, whereas it drops with increasing power from near unity to approximately 0.5 for the negative center. The photophysics of the photochromic center reveals a rich phenomenology that is to a large extent dominated by that of the negative state, in agreement with the excess charge release of the negative center being much slower than the photon emission process.
title: Navigating the Health Seas
title: Experiences of accessing freely available PrEP on the National Health Service
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Sidaway, Holly
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, PrEP, United Kingdom, National Health Service, NHS, psychological, wellbeing

description: This thesis presents three papers exploring different aspects of
 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in the United Kingdom. This includes a
 systematic scoping review on knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards
 PrEP; a qualitative study exploring experiences of accessing PrEP on the
 National Health Service (NHS) and a critical appraisal.

 Section one reports a systematic scoping review of UK-based literature,
 which aims to map various aspects of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes
 towards PrEP. Forty-seven studies met the requirements for inclusion.
 Results present a diverse methodological landscape that is rapidly growing
 in scope. Knowledge and awareness of PrEP were variable across different
 populations. Underrepresentation in research and media campaigns continues
 to perpetuate bias towards gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with
 men (GBMSM) as being the main proponents of PrEP. Lack of representation
 and poor awareness of PrEP candidacy impacted the acceptability of PrEP in
 several groups who experience inequitable PrEP uptake. Self-perceived HIV
 risk was highlighted as an important factor in PrEP uptake and adherence.
 Stigma towards PrEP was often associated with moralising views of sex and
 promiscuity.

 The empirical section of this project presents a reflexive thematic
 analysis (RTA) of eight individuals' experiences of accessing freely
 available PrEP on the National Health Service (NHS). Three main themes
 were derived from the data. (1) Choosing PrEP: risk analysis at every
 turn; (2) To be, is to be perceived: the importance of feeling seen, heard
 and cared for by services; and (3) Added benefits: lifting the weight of
 risk and freedom to explore pleasure.

 The final section offers a critical appraisal of the project as a whole
 including an overview of both papers, bringing together the results and
 suggesting clinical implications and future research. In keeping with
 reflexive qualitative methods, positionality, subjectivity and personal
 reflections will also be discussed.
VITALISE D13.5 Dissemination and Communication activities report (final  version)
Creators: name: Kampouridou, Anneta
name: Kanellopoulos, Pantelis
name: Goga, Erilda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The current document under the title D13.5 “Dissemination and Communication activities report (final version)” provides an overview of the dissemination and communication strategy implemented by the VITALISE project during the period, from October 2022 to March 2024 (M19-M36). The aim of the strategy was to promote the project, engage stakeholders, and maximize impact. 

The present deliverable addresses two aspects, each focusing on different elements of the dissemination and communication strategy. Particularly, the first aspect highlights the various communication tools and channels utilized, including the project website, social media accounts, newsletter, YouTube channel, press releases, call to action campaigns, and promotional materials. Insights and analytics for each channel are also presented. The second one focuses on the communication and dissemination activities conducted during the period, such as organizing events like the VITALISE Summer School, Innovate to Thrive webinar series, and Health and Wellbeing Living Lab Symposium. It also covers participation in third-party events, direct contact with stakeholders, collaboration with other projects, press coverage, and publications. 

D13.5 is a public deliverable of this project, part of the WP13, and is the update and completion of the D13.2 “Dissemination and Communication activities report (first version)”, developed according to the  D13.1 “Dissemination and Communication plan” that was submitted to the European Commission in M3 (June 2021). Also, the D13.2 “Dissemination and Communication activities report (first version)” was submitted in M18 (September 2022). Information concerning the project’s scope and objectives as well as WP13 is also presented to ensure that no prior knowledge related to the project, the Description of Action (DoA), and the other WP13 deliverables is requested from the reader. Overall, it is based on, and is consistent with, the DoA and the Grant Agreement (GA) but is not a substitute for reading these documents. 

It needs to be noted that for the development and execution of the relevant Task, the WP Leader, as well as all the involved members, have advised and considered the following official EU document guidelines1, in full line with the contractual agreement and corresponding articles
Underwater Research Services Report on Requirements and Specifications
Creators: name: Anbar, Jafar
name: Nomikou, Paraskevi
name: Ntouskos, Makis
name: Chatzikian, Melkon
name: Lampridou, Danai
name: Mertikas, Panagiotis
name: Quintana, Josep
name: Karantzalos, Konstantinos
name: Fouseki, Sofia
name: Kokorotsikos, Stergios
name: Wintersteller, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: EOSC
Services
Cloud Computing
Underwater Research

description: The objective of deliverable D2.2 is to report on the final set of service requirements, software specifications and upcoming development plan of the foreseen Underwater Research Services. These three services aiming at providing operational cloud solution for: i) Bathymetry mapping from acoustic data service implementation (U1), ii) Seafloor Mosaicking from Optical Data (U2), and iii) Seabed Classification from Multispectral, Multibeam Data (U3). This document reports on Underwater end-user communities, involved datasets and products as well as the current status of employed software and services. Then it presents results from the service requirement validation based on current software releases. While the U1 service has not yet completed the 2nd release (due on 31st October 2021), a series of validation trials and dissemination actions involving end-users of all the underwater sector on the 2nd release of U2 and U3 services have resulted in working towards the final set of the end-users requirements and software specifications, marking a considerable progress towards the employment of novel, user-friendly, automatised and efficient novel EOSC underwater services to be further developed at the 3rd release. This was the result of a very intense collaboration between the developers, the technical team, the end-users communities of NEANIAS as well as external advisors of NEANIAS. As the U1 service was not ready at the due date of the 2nd release no U1 service end-user validation trials and dissemination actions have been performed. Hence at the time the U2 and U3 services performed the end-user trials no specification and requirements could be retrieved from the end-users to improve the U1 service based on the end-user feedback.
A new method to estimate annual solar wind parameters and contributions of different solar wind structures to geomagnetic activity
Creators: name: Holappa, Lauri
name: Mursula, Kalevi
name: Asikainen, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study two sets of local geomagnetic indices from 26 stations using the principal component (PC) and the independent component (IC) analysis methods. We demonstrate that the annually averaged indices can be accurately represented as linear combinations of two first components with weights systematically depending on latitude. We show that the annual contributions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and high speed streams (HSSs) to geomagnetic activity are highly correlated with the first and second IC. The first and second ICs are also found to be very highly correlated with the strength of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the solar wind speed, respectively, because solar wind speed is the most important parameter driving geomagnetic activity during HSSs while IMF strength dominates during CMEs. These results help in better understanding the long-term driving of geomagnetic activity and in gaining information about the long-term evolution of solar wind parameters and the different solar wind structures.
Regionalization of Social Interactions and Points-of-Interest Location Prediction With Geosocial Data
Creators: name: Psyllidis, Achilleas
name: Yang, Jie
name: Bozzon, Alessandro
Publisher: name: AMS Knowledge portal of Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80505 Web Technologies (excl. Web Search)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Traditional methods for studying the activity dynamics of people and their social interactions in cities require time-consuming and resource-intensive observations and surveys. Dynamic online trails from geosocial networks (e.g. Twitter, Instagram, Flickr etc.) have been increasingly used as proxies for human activity, focusing on mobility behavior, spatial interaction, and social connectivity, among others. Social media records incorporate geo-tags, timestamps, textual components, user-profile attributes and points-of-interest (POI) features, which respectively address spatial, temporal, topical, demographic, and contextual dimensions of human activity. While the information contained in social media data is complex and high-dimensional, there is a lack of studies exploiting the combined potential of their information layers. This article introduces a framework that considers multiple dimensions (i.e. spatial, temporal, topical, and demographic) of information from social media data, and combines Geo-Self-Organizing Maps (GeoSOMs) in conjunction with contiguity-constrained hierarchical clustering, to identify homogeneous regions of social interaction in cities and, subsequently, estimate appropriate locations for new POIs. Drawing on the discovered regions, we build a Factorization Machine-based model to estimate appropriate locations for new POIs in different urban contexts. Using geo-referenced Twitter records and Foursquare data from Amsterdam, Boston, and Jakarta, we evaluate the potential of machine learning techniques in discovering knowledge about the geography of social dynamics from unstructured and high-dimensional social web data. Moreover, we demonstrate that the discovered homogeneous regions are significant predictors of new POI locations.
Übergang Schule – Beruf: Eine empirische Untersuchung zu der Bedeutung von überfachlichen Kompetenzen für den Einstieg ins Berufsleben.
Creators: name: Vontobel, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
überfachliche Kompetenz
Übergang Schule Beruf
Beeinträchtigung

description: Diese empirische Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, welche überfachlichen Kompetenzen für Jugendliche mit einer Beeinträchtigung besonders wichtig sind, um eine PrA-Ausbildung antreten und abzuschliessen zu können. Anhand von leitfadengestützten Experteninterviews mit Ausbildungsverantwortlichen von vier Institutionen wird der Frage nach den wichtigsten überfachlichen Kompetenzen nachgegangen. Die Antworten werden mit der Theorie verknüpft und es wird ausgearbeitet, welche überfachlichen Kompetenzen vermehrt gefördert werden sollen, damit eine Ausbildung und der Einstieg ins Arbeitsleben glücken.
Daraus werden mögliche Handlungsempfehlungen für den Unterricht abgeleitet.
The developmental psychopathology of alcohol use and alcohol disorders: Research achievements and future directions
Creators: name: Hussong, Andrea
name: Sher, Kenneth J.
name: Chassin, Laurie
name: Curran, Patrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The last 25 years have seen significant advances in our conceptualization of alcohol use and alcohol use disorders within a developmental framework, along with advances in our empirical understanding that have been potentiated by advances in quantitative methods. These include advances in understanding the heterogeneity of trajectories of alcohol outcomes; new insights about early childhood antecedents, and adolescence and emerging adulthood as important developmental periods for alcohol outcomes; a more nuanced understanding of the influences of developmental transitions, and their timing and contexts; a greater appreciation for the importance of considering multiple levels of analysis (including an increasing number of genetically informative studies); a continuing focus on studying multiple pathways underlying alcohol outcomes; and an increasing focus on studying the effects of alcohol exposure on future development. The current paper reviews these advances and suggests directions for future study.
title: The seismic velocity structure of the Wadati-Benioff Zone – insights from guided waves
Creators: name: Garth, Thomas
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Low velocity hydrous minerals in the subducting plate deliver water to the mantle and are thought to cause intermediate depth Wadati-Benioff zone (WBZ) seismicity through dehydration embrittlement. High frequency seismic energy (> 2 Hz) from intermediate depth earthquakes that occur within this low velocity oceanic crust is retained and delayed by the crustal waveguide while lower frequency (
The efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy for depression among economically disadvantaged mothers
Creators: name: Toth, Sheree L.
name: Sturm, Robin
name: Gravener-Davis, Julie
name: Oshri, Assaf
name: Morgan-López, Antonio Alexander
name: Rogosch, Fred A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A randomized clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for ethnically and racially diverse, economically disadvantaged women with major depressive disorder. Non-treatment-seeking urban women (N = 128; M age = 25.40, SD = 4.98) with infants were recruited from the community. Participants were at or below the poverty level: 59.4% were Black and 21.1% were Hispanic. Women were screened for depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; the Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to confirm major depressive disorder diagnosis. Participants were randomized to individual IPT or enhanced community standard. Depressive symptoms were assessed before, after, and 8 months posttreatment with the Beck Depression Inventory—II and the Revised Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The Social Support Behaviors Scale, the Social Adjustment Scale—Self-Report, and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered to examine mediators of outcome at follow-up. Treatment effects were evaluated with a growth mixture model for randomized trials using complier-average causal effect estimation. Depressive symptoms trajectories from baseline through postintervention to follow-up showed significant decreases among the IPT group compared to the enhanced community standard group. Changes on the Perceived Stress Scale and the Social Support Behaviors Scale mediated sustained treatment outcome.
Trajectories of multiple adolescent health risk behaviors in a low-income African American population
Creators: name: Henry, David
name: Sterrett, Emma
name: Mustanski, Brian
name: Bolland, John
name: Byck, Gayle R.
name: Dymnicki, Allison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study examined interdependent trajectories of sexual risk, substance use, and conduct problems among 12–18 year-old African American youth who were followed annually as part of the Mobile Youth Study (MYS). We used growth-mixture modeling (GMM) to model the development of these three outcomes in the 1406 participants who met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that there were four distinct classes: normative low risk (74.3% of sample); increasing high risk takers (11.9%); adolescent-limited conduct problems and drug risk with high risky sex (8.0%); and early experimenters (5.8%) The higher risk classes had higher rates of pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) diagnoses than the normative sample at each of the ages we examined. Differing somewhat from our hypothesis, all of the non-normative classes exhibited high sexual risk behavior. While prevention efforts should be focused on addressing all three risk behaviors, the high rate of risky sexual behavior in the 25% of the sample that fall into the three non-normative classes, underscores an urgent need for improved sex education, including teen pregnancy and HIV/STI prevention, in this community.
title: Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks
title: Tuning the responsive phase transition and melting behavior
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Song, Jianbo
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Metal-organic frameworks
subject: Linker functionalization
subject: Mechanical responsiveness
subject: op-to-cp phase transition
subject: Benzimidazolate
subject: Melting and glass formation
subject: Liquid-liquid transition
subject: 4-cyano imidazolate
subject: 4,5-dicyano-imidazolate
subject: 540
subject: Metallorganisches Netzwerk
subject: Linker
subject: Funktionalisierung
subject: Stoffeigenschaft
subject: Flüssig-Flüssig-System

description: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are showing various structure flexibility in response to external stimuli (e.g., pressures and temperatures). Their responsiveness can be manipulated by the substitution of the functional groups at the organic linker of the frameworks. Some MOFs are recently reported to be able to melt and form glasses, and their melting behavior is also related to functionalizing the linkers. Thus, the mechanisms of controlling responsiveness and melting behaviors of MOFs by linker functionalization (using benzo and cyano groups) have been studied in this work. The high-pressure behavior of a series of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) of ZIF 62 (M(im)2-x(bim)x, M = Zn2+/Co2+, im– = imidazolate, bim– = benzimidazolate, 0.02  x  0.37) has been studied through in situ high pressure powder X-ray diffraction. The ZIF-62 derivatives are observed to contract reversibly from an open pore (op) to a closed pore (cp) phase under hydrostatic mechanical pressure. Importantly, the observed op-to-cp phase transition switches from the typical first order (discontinuous) to second order (continuous) with increasing the bim– fraction (to 17.5%). Rietveld refinements revealed that the second order transition is achieved by a continuous linker rotation. The mechanism that the void volume and the pore size of the material can be tuned continuously by adjusting the pressure was demonstrated. To investigate the melting mechanism, a series of derivates of ZIF-4 (Zn(im)2) containing various amounts of cyano-functionalized imidazolate linkers was synthesized. The incorporation of electron-withdrawing cyano groups results in a drastic decrease in the melting temperatures. Density function theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the cyano groups weaken the dissociation of Zn–N bonds in the melting process. Remarkably, a particular liquid-liquid transition (LLT) of prototypical ZIF-4 remains in all cyano derivatives. The kinetic fragility of ZIF liquids has been demonstrated to be correlated with their micropore volume. Overall, this work provides a guideline for controlling the mechanical responsiveness and melting behavior of MOFs by linker functionalization. The mechanically tunable MOFs open new possibilities for their application in pressure-switchable devices, membranes, and actuators. The porous glasses produced through controllable melting can further facilitate the manufacture of functionalized MOF glasses.
A longitudinal study of several potential mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Creators: name: Noll, Jennie G.
name: Putnam, Frank W.
name: Shenk, Chad E.
name: Rausch, Joseph R.
name: Peugh, James L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Child maltreatment is a reliable predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, not all maltreated children develop PTSD symptoms, suggesting that additional mediating variables explain how certain maltreated children develop PTSD symptoms when others do not. The current study tested three potential mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and subsequent PTSD symptoms: 1) respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity, 2) cortisol reactivity, and 3) experiential avoidance, or the unwillingness to experience painful private events such as thoughts and memories. Maltreated (n = 51) and non-maltreated groups (n = 59) completed a stressor paradigm, a measure of experiential avoidance, and a semi-structured interview of PTSD symptoms. One year later, participants were re-administered the PTSD symptoms interview. Results of a multiple mediator model showed the set of potential mediators mediated the relationship between child maltreatment and subsequent PTSD symptoms. However, experiential avoidance was the only significant specific indirect effect, demonstrating that maltreated children avoiding painful private events after the abuse were more likely to develop a range of PTSD symptoms one year later. These results highlight the importance of experiential avoidance in the development of PTSD symptoms for maltreated children and implications for secondary prevention and clinical intervention models are discussed.
Relational victimization, friendship, and adolescents' hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responses to an in vivo social stressor
Creators: name: Helms, Sarah W.
name: Rudolph, Karen D.
name: Hastings, Paul D.
name: Heilbron, Nicole
name: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
name: Calhoun, Casey D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Adolescents’ peer experiences may have significant associations with biological stress-response systems, adding to or reducing allostatic load. This study examined relational victimization as a unique contributor to reactive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis responses as well as friendship quality and behavior as factors that may promote HPA recovery following a stressor. A total of 62 adolescents (ages 12–16; 73% female) presenting with a wide range of life stressors and adjustment difficulties completed survey measures of peer victimization and friendship quality. Cortisol samples were collected before and after a lab-based interpersonally themed social stressor task to provide measures of HPA baseline, reactivity, and recovery. Following the stressor task, adolescents discussed their performance with a close friend; observational coding yielded measures of friends’ responsiveness. Adolescents also reported positive and negative friendship qualities. Results suggested that higher levels of adolescents’ relational victimization were associated with blunted cortisol reactivity, even after controlling for physical forms of victimization and other known predictors of HPA functioning (i.e., life stress or depressive symptoms). Friendship qualities (i.e., low negative qualities) and specific friendship behaviors (i.e., high levels of responsiveness) contributed to greater HPA regulation; however, consistent with theories of rumination, high friend responsiveness in the context of high levels of positive friendship quality contributed to less cortisol recovery. Findings extend prior work on the importance of relational victimization and dyadic peer relations as unique and salient correlates of adaptation in adolescence.