cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systems biology and functional genomics approaches for the identification of cellular responses to drug toxicity
Creators: name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Harrill, Alison Hege
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Extensive growth in the field of molecular biology in recent decades has led to the development of new and powerful experimental and computational tools that enable the analysis of complex biological responses to chemical exposure on both a functional and structural genetic level. The ability to profile global responses on a transcriptional level has become a valuable resource in the science of toxicology and attempts are currently being made to further understand toxicity mechanisms by incorporating metabolomics and proteomics approaches. In addition, recent progress in understanding the extent of the genetic diversity within and between species allows us to take a fresh look at research on genetic polymorphisms which may influence an individual’s susceptibility to toxicity. While new technologies have the potential to make a sizeable impact on our understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity, considerable challenges remain to be addressed, especially with regards to the regulatory acceptance and successful integration of omics data. This review highlights recent advancements in the application of functional and structural genomics techniques to chemical hazard identification and characterization, and to the understanding of the inter-individual differences in susceptibility to adverse drug reactions.
Pharmacokinetics of antiretrovirals in mucosal tissue
Creators: name: Srinivas, Nithya
name: Cottrell, Mackenzie L
name: Kashuba, Angela DM
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In the absence of an HIV vaccine or cure, antiretroviral (ARV) based prevention strategies are being investigated to reduce HIV incidence. These prevention strategies depend on achieving effective drug concentrations at the site HIV exposure which is most commonly the mucosal tissues of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract.
Natural urease inhibitors reduce the severity of disease symptoms, dependent on the lifestyle of the pathogens
Creators: name: Aliyeva-Schnorr, Lala
name: Schuster, Carola
name: Deising, Holger
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: The development of new anti-ureolytic compounds is of great interest due to the newly discovered role of urease inhibitors in crop protection. Purine degradation and the generation of ammonium by urease are required for the full virulence of biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal plant pathogens. Accordingly, chemicals displaying urease inhibitor activity may be used as a novel class of fungicides. Several urease inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes are known, and some compounds have been developed as urea fertilizer additives. We tested whether the natural urease inhibitors p-benzoquinone (p-HQ) and hydroquinone (HQ), as well as the synthetic inhibitors isopropoxy carbonyl phosphoric acid amide (iCPAA), benzyloxy carbonyl phosphoric acid amide (bCPAA), and dipropyl-hexamino-1,3 diphosphazenium chloride (DDC), prevent or delay plant infection caused by pathogens differing in lifestyles and host plants. p-BQ, HQ, and DCC not only protected maize from infection by the hemibiotroph C. graminicola, but also inhibited the infection process of biotrophs such as the wheat powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici and the broad bean rust fungus Uromyces viciae-fabae. Interestingly, the natural quinone-based compounds even reduced the symptom severity of the necrotrophic fungi, i.e., the grey mold pathogen B. cinerea and the Southern Leaf Spot fungus C. heterostrophus, to some extent. The urease inhibitors p-BQ, HQ, and DCC interfered with appressorial penetration and confirmed the appropriateness of urease inhibitors as novel fungicidal agents.
Genetics, diagnosis and future treatment strategies for primary ciliary dyskinesia
Creators: name: Daniels, Mary Leigh Anne
name: Noone, Peadar G
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous recessive disorder resulting in chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease. While PCD is estimated to occur in 1 in 20,000 individuals, fewer than 1,000 patients in the US have a well-established diagnosis.
Adler's Zero and Effective Lagrangians for Nonlinearly Realized Symmetry
Creators: name: Low, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long ago Coleman, Callan, Wess and Zumino (CCWZ) constructed the general effective lagrangian for nonlinearly realized symmetry by finding all possible nonlinear representations of the broken group G which become linear when restricted to the unbroken group H. However, in the case of a single Nambu-Goldstone boson (NGB), which corresponds to a broken U(1), the effective lagrangian can also be obtained by imposing a constant shift symmetry. In this work we generalize the shift symmetry approach to multiple NGBs and show that, when they furnish a linear representation of H that can be embedded in a symmetric coset, it is possible to derive the CCWZ lagrangian by imposing 1) the "Adler's zero condition," which requires scattering amplitudes to vanish when emitting a single soft NGB, and 2) closure of shift symmetry with the linearly realized symmetry; knowledge of the broken group G is not required at all. Using only generators of H, the NGB covariant derivative and the associated gauge field can be computed to all orders in the NGB decay constant f.
description: 18 pages, no figure; v2: minor changes; matched to the published version; v3: a typo corrected in eq. (14)
Recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors in the treatment of rare diseases
Creators: name: Hastie, Eric
name: Samulski, R Jude
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: An estimated 25 million Americans are living with rare diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene therapy is an emerging therapeutic option for the more than 7,000 identified rare diseases. This paper highlights the benefits of AAV therapy compared to conventional small molecules, discusses current pre-clinical and clinical applications of AAV-mediated gene therapy, and offers insights into cutting edge research that will shape the future of AAV for broad therapeutic use.
Assessment of the suitability of selected extractants for boron in some inceptisols of Eastern India under sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Creators: name: Phonglosa, Amit
name: Bhattacharyya, Kallol
name: Pari, Arnab
name: Ray, Krishnendu
name: Banerjee, Hirak
name: Haldar, Sanjay
name: Sengupta, Sudip
name: Bhattacharya, Parijat
name: Mandal, Jajati
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Sunflower; as a contingent crop, is often exposed to boron (B) deficiency in soils of low fertility. The deficiency and toxicity of B being very narrow, warrants the need for its proper estimation in soil-plant systems through specific extractants. To facilitate this, a pot experiment was conducted with sunflower (cv. PAC 361) in 15 selected soil series. Five B doses (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 mg kg−1) were applied to three replications. Soil B was extracted using six extractants (Hot-Water, DTPA-Sorbitol, Mehlich-3, Hot-CaCl2, KH2PO4, and Tartaric acid) and compared against plant parameters at 80 days after seedling emergence and harvest. The B extracted was in the order of Mehlich-3 > Hot-CaCl2 > KH2PO4 > Hot-Water > Tartaric acid > DTPA-Sorbitol. Standard correlation between soil and plant B revealed Mehlich-3 as the best soil extractant (r = 0.98**, stalk at 80 DAE); (r = 0.98**, seed at harvest) and (r = 0.97**, stalk at harvest). The critical limits of extractable B estimated by the statistical procedure were 0.47 mg kg−1 for Mehlich-3 extractable B in soil, 34.0 mg kg−1 for sunflower 3rd leaf B (at 80 DAE), and 19.06 mg kg−1 for sunflower seed B (at harvest).
What Role Does Cannabis Use Have in Anxiety? The Moderating Effect of Sensitivity to Unpredictable Threat
Creators: name: Correa, Kelly A
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: It is critical to understand the comorbidity between anxiety disorders (ADs) and cannabis use disorder (CUD) as this comorbidity is associated with costly social and economic consequences. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method that can help elucidate the temporal relationship between anxiety and cannabis use as it captures subtle variations in mood and behavior as they occur. Prior EMA studies largely focused on the relationship between broad negative affect and cannabis use and have rarely investigated the potential separable and independent effects of state anxiety and state sadness. The handful of EMA studies focused on anxiety and cannabis use have been mixed, however, and had several important limitations. Moreover, there are likely specific individual difference factors that impact the association between anxiety and cannabis use. Heightened sensitivity to unpredictable threat (SUT) is one such individual difference factor as it connotes vulnerability for ADs and is also likely to play a role in cannabis use. The present study therefore tested (1) the directional relationship between cannabis use and anxiety, (2) whether trait SUT moderates the temporal relationships between state anxiety and cannabis use, and (3) whether these relationships are independent of state sadness in a community sample of 34 moderate cannabis users (1 - 5 cannabis use days per week) over a 2-week EMA period consisting of both signal and event contingent assessments. Results indicated that momentary state anxiety predicted increased likelihood of subsequent cannabis use, but not after accounting for momentary state sadness. Cannabis use predicted reductions in subsequent state anxiety independent of momentary state sadness, tobacco use, and alcohol use. For those high in SUT, momentary state anxiety predicted increased likelihood of subsequent cannabis use and momentary cannabis use predicted reductions in subsequent state anxiety independent of momentary state sadness, tobacco use, and alcohol use. In sum, anxiety may temporally precede cannabis use and the anxiolytic effects of cannabis use may negatively reinforce further use, especially for those high in trait SUT. Existing AD treatments may therefore benefit by targeting the mechanisms underlying SUT to prevent onset of CUD.
A re-evaluation of the role of inhaled corticosteroids in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Donohue, James F
name: Kardos, Peter
name: D’Urzo, Anthony
name: Price, David
name: Miravitlles, Marc
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) (in fixed combinations with long-acting β2-agonists [LABAs]) are frequently prescribed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), outside their labeled indications and recommended treatment strategies and guidelines, despite having the potential to cause significant side effects.
The effects of the decline of a keystone plant species on a dune community plant-pollinator network
Creators: name: Sandacz, Dan
name: Vitt, Pati
name: Knight, Tiffany M.
name: Donna, Paul Cara
name: Havens, Kayri
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Ecological communities are maintained through species interactions, and the resilience of species interactions is critical to the persistence of natural communities. Keystone species play outsized roles in maintaining species interaction networks, and within plant-pollinator communities are high priorities for conservation. The loss of a keystone plant from a plant-pollinator network is expected to cause changes to network structure and composition of pollinator species, with the potential to cause secondary losses of plants and pollinators. To understand how the unmanipulated decline of a keystone plant affects the structure and composition of its network, we studied the plant-pollinator interactions of a Lake Michigan dune plant community where the population of the keystone plant, Cirsium pitcheri, is in rapid decline. The network prior to C. pitcheri decline (2016) was compared to the network as C. pitcheri continued to decline (2021 and 2022) in response to habitat loss. We find evidence that the loss of C. pitcheri altered network structure such that the community may be more sensitive to perturbations. Furthermore, changes in the composition of pollinators were explained by species turnover to a greater extent than by interaction rewiring, including the loss of bumblebees. Short-term negative consequences based on the changes to network structure and composition might lead to long-term effects on the persistence of the dune community. Our study exemplifies that the decline of a keystone plant can have negative implications for conservation of a plant-pollinator community. Using an interaction network framework to assess plant-pollinator communities has potential to develop strategies for best conservation and restoration practices in habitats vulnerable to habitat loss and disturbance.
title:  Retention and Job Satisfaction Among Local Law Enforcement
Creators: name: Parron, Lisa N.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is an exploratory study which examines the retention of police officers in the Norfolk Police Department. Focus group interviews with nine police officers provided the data for this study. Participants described aspects of their job that they enjoy and aspects of their job that could be improved. Themes identified include working conditions, supervisor relationships, interpersonal relationships, pay, responsibility, achievement and recognition, and appeal of the job.

This research was aimed at revealing what officers like and dislike about their job in order to reduce voluntary turnover and increase retention.

The findings from this study indicate that job satisfaction is very important in influencing retention among officers. Adequate working conditions, relationships in the workforce, and pay are all factors that can lead to dissatisfaction in the workforce. This dissatisfaction can then lead to turnover. The findings also reveal the need for more motivating factors such as responsibility, achievement, and recognition on the job. These factors can improve job satisfaction, thus increasing retention. The last theme revealed, appeal of the job, is exclusive to police work, provides insight into what attracts officers to police work, and reveals the factors that keep them satisfied with the job.
Enumerative Coding for Line Polar Grassmannians with applications to codes
Creators: name: Cardinali, Ilaria
name: Giuzzi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 94B27, 94B05

description: A $k$-polar Grassmannian is the geometry having as pointset the set of all $k$-dimensional subspaces of a vector space $V$ which are totally isotropic for a given non-degenerate bilinear form $μ$ defined on $V.$ Hence it can be regarded as a subgeometry of the ordinary $k$-Grassmannian. In this paper we deal with orthogonal line Grassmannians and with symplectic line Grassmannians, i.e. we assume $k=2$ and $μ$ a non-degenerate symmetric or alternating form. We will provide a method to efficiently enumerate the pointsets of both orthogonal and symplectic line Grassmannians. This has several nice applications; among them, we shall discuss an efficient encoding/decoding/error correction strategy for line polar Grassmann codes of both types.
description: 27 pages; revised version after review
Mitochondria-targeting 1,5-Diazacyclooctane-spacered triterpene rhodamine conjugates exhibit cytotoxicity at sub-nanomolar concentration against breast cancer cells
Creators: name: Heise, Niels
name: Becker, Selina
name: Mueller, Thomas
name: Bache, Matthias
name: Csuk, René
name: Güttler, Antje
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 540

description: 1,5-Diazacyclooctane was prepared by a simple synthetic sequence and coupled to pentacyclic triterpenoic acids oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, platanic acid, and asiatic acid; these amides were activated with oxalyl chloride and reacted with rhodamine B or rhodamine 101 to yield conjugates. The conjugates were screened in SRB assays with various human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HS578T, MCF-7, and T47D) and found to exert cytotoxic activity even at a low concentration. Therefore, for an asiatic acid rhodamine 101 conjugate (28), an IC50 = 0.60 nM was determined and found to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HS578T cells. Extra experiments showed the compound to act as a mitocan and to induce inhibition of proliferation or growth arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells at lower doses followed by an induction of apoptosis at higher doses. Furthermore, differential responses to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction may explain differential sensitivity of mammary cell lines to compound 28.
Deep Learning Inference of Personalized Air Pollution Intake
Creators: name: Dibattista, Luca
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Air pollution is the world’s largest single environmental health risk according to the World Health Organization. Data about the pollution is publicly available in almost any location. Companies such as Google and Apple have started showing the pollution information in the weather app of Android and iOS devices. The pollution information that they provide is usually the concentration level of a certain pollutant, or an index that makes easier for people to understand the risk level. The problem with this method is that it gives the risk level considering just the pollutant(s) concentration but does not involve any information about the person. If a person is resting at a certain location, the risk of being exposed to a pollutant is lower than a situation in which the person is running at the same location. If the person is running, they are inhaling more air, thus more pollution, than when they are resting. In this thesis we propose a methodology to personalize the risk of being exposed to a certain pollutant. In Chapter 2 we talk about a possible way to estimate the PM2.5 concentration at any location in Chicago. In Chapter 3 we discuss a methodology to estimate the heart rate of the user, while Chapter 4 contains methods to compute, estimate and personalize the minute ventilation. Chapter 5 illustrates how the values estimated in the previous chapters are used to show to the user the personalized risk. In Chapter 5 we also talk about how we built the MY-AIR app and the data that we have used.
Medical needs and therapeutic options for melanoma patients resistant to anti-PD-1-directed immune checkpoint inhibition
Creators: name: Hassel, Jessica C.
name: Zimmer, Lisa
name: Sickmann, Thomas
name: Eigentler, Thomas
name: Meier, Friedegund
name: Mohr, Peter
name: Pukrop, Tobias
name: Roesch, Alexander
name: Vordermark, Dirk
name: Wendl, Christina M.
name: Gutzmer, Ralf
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Available 4- and 5-year updates for progression-free and for overall survival demonstrate a lasting clinical benefit for melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-directed immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. However, at least one-half of the patients either do not respond to therapy or relapse early or late following the initial response to therapy. Little is known about the reasons for primary and/or secondary resistance to immunotherapy and the patterns of relapse. This review, prepared by an interdisciplinary expert panel, describes the assessment of the response and classification of resistance to PD-1 therapy, briefly summarizes the potential mechanisms of resistance, and analyzes the medical needs of and therapeutic options for melanoma patients resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We appraised clinical data from trials in the metastatic, adjuvant and neo-adjuvant settings to tabulate frequencies of resistance. For these three settings, the role of predictive biomarkers for resistance is critically discussed, as well as are multimodal therapeutic options or novel immunotherapeutic approaches which may help patients overcome resistance to immune checkpoint therapy. The lack of suitable biomarkers and the currently modest outcomes of novel therapeutic regimens for overcoming resistance, most of them with a PD-1 backbone, support our recommendation to include as many patients as possible in novel or ongoing clinical trials.
VHL inactivation in renal cell carcinoma: implications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment
Creators: name: Rathmell, W Kimryn
name: Chen, Shufen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) provides a tumor paradigm for the integration of genetics, molecular biology, therapeutic target validation, and the introduction of high impact treatment strategies. Most cases of sporadic as well as familial ccRCC acquire somatic inactivating mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, VHL. pVHL, VHL gene product and a protein member of the E3 ubiquitin ligase family, acts in normal cells to direct the degradation and clearance of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) transcription factor family, such that in its absence, as in ccRCC, the HIF proteins stabilize, accumulate to supraphysiologic levels, and activate the transcription of genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), which contributes substantially to the physiology of the tumor, and has been assessed indirectly as a prognostic factor. Molecularly targeted therapy blocking components of this pathway has been successfully introduced to the clinic with a substantive impact on clinical parameters of RCC. This review will examine the regulation of these molecular pathways in RCC and discuss the impact on the clinical management of patients with RCC.
Lettuce response to the application of two commercial leonardites and their effect on soil properties in a growing medium with nitrogen as the main limiting factor
Creators: name: Arrobas, Margarida
name: Andrade, Monica
name: Raimundo, Soraia
name: Mazaro, Sérgio Miguel
name: Rodrigues, Manuel Ângelo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two leonardites (Humitec® and Humic Gold®) and an organic compost (Nutrimais®) with an untreated control on lettuce. The pot experiment was carried out in NE Portugal, in autumn 2019 and spring 2020. Humitec, Humic Gold and Nutrimais were applied alone or as a supplement to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The experiment was arranged as a three-factor experimental design (organic amendment, NPK addition and growing season). The growing season significantly influenced lettuce dry matter yield (DMY), the spring cycle being the highest yielding (10.6 to 6.5 g plant−1). NPK fertilization also significantly increased lettuce DMY (11.2 to 5.9 g plant−1). The organic amendment significantly influenced the concentration of some nutrients in plant tissues and some soil properties, but it did not influence lettuce DMY. In respect of growing season, Nutrimais increased lettuce DMY in the first one. In relation to the absence or otherwise of NPK fertilization, Nutrimais increased lettuce DMY in the pots not receiving NPK. Leonardites did not influence soil properties, tissue nutrient concentration or lettuce DMY. The positive effect on the lettuce DMY of organic compost was probably due to the supply of N, apparently the plants’ most significant limiting factor. The non-positive results of leonardites were due to the fact that they neither provided N, nor enhanced its bioavailability from the soil. Thus, NPK fertilizer and Nutrimais, a compost of low C/N ratio, providing some N had the greatest effect on lettuce DMY.
Mechanisms of acquired resistance to androgen receptor targeting drugs in castration-resistant prostate cancer
Creators: name: Whang, Young E
name: De Silva, Dinuka
name: Chism, David D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: After initial response to androgen receptor targeting drugs abiraterone or enzalutamide, most patients develop progressive disease and therefore, castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a terminal disease. Multiple mechanisms underlying acquired resistance have been postulated. Intratumoral androgen synthesis may resume after abiraterone treatment. A point mutation in the ligand binding domain of androgen receptor may confer resistance to enzalutamide. Emergence of androgen receptor splice variants lacking the ligand binding domain may mediate resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide. Steroid receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor may substitute for androgen receptor. Drugs with novel mechanisms of action or combination therapy, along with biomarkers for patient selection, may be needed to improve the therapy of CRPC.
Two restrictions in the theories that include $G(t)$ and $c(t)$ varying with time
Creators: name: Alfonso, Màrius Josep Fullana i
name: Alfonso-Faus, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much work has been done taking into account the possibility that the gravitational {\it constant} $G$ may vary with cosmological time $t$ (or with the cosmological scale factor $a(t)$). The same may be said about the speed of light $c$. We present here two important remarks on these subject. These remarks include $G(t)$ and $c(t)$ varying with time with the restriction $8 πG / c^4 = \hbox{constant}$
description: 8 pages, 0 figures, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
Socio-economic inequalities in body mass index among preschool children : do sports programs in early childhood education and care centers make a difference?
Creators: name: Mayer, Alena
name: Herr, Raphael
name: Klein, Thomas
name: Wiedemann, Eva
name: Diehl, Katharina
name: Hoffmann, Stephanie
name: Blume, Miriam
name: Jepsen, Dennis
name: Sundmacher, Leonie
name: Andreas, Marike
name: Schneider, Sven
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: Overweight in childhood is considered to be one of the most serious public health challenges. Many studies have investigated individual-level determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies exploring determinants at the meso-level are sparse. The aim of our study was to examine how a sports focus at early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers moderates the effect of parental socio-economic position (SEP) on children's BMI. Methods: We used data from the German National Educational Panel Study and included 1,891 children (955 boys and 936 girls) from 224 ECEC centers in our analysis. Linear multilevel regressions were used to estimate the main effects of family SEP and the ECEC center sports focus, as well as their interaction, on children's BMI. All analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, migration background, number of siblings, and employment status of parents. Results: Our analysis confirmed the wellknown health inequalities in childhood overweight with a social gradient toward a higher BMI for children from lower SEP families. An interactive effect between family SEP and ECEC center sports focus was found. Boys with low family SEP not attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the highest BMI among all boys. In contrast, boys with low family SEP attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the lowest BMI. For girls, no association regarding ECEC center focus or interactive effects emerged. Girls with a high SEP had the lowest BMI, independent of the ECEC center focus. Conclusion: We provided evidence for the gender-specific relevance of sports-focused ECEC centers for the prevention of overweight. Especially boys from low SEP families benefited from a sports focus, whereas for girls the family's SEP was more relevant. As a consequence, gender differences in determinants for BMI at different levels and their interaction should be considered in further research and preventive measures. Our research indicates that ECEC centers may decrease health inequalities by providing opportunities for physical activity.
Nanotube x-ray for cancer therapy: a compact microbeam radiation therapy system for brain tumor treatment
Creators: name: Hadsell, Michael
name: Chang, Sha
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Chtcheprov, Pavel
name: Yuan, Hong
name: Zhou, Otto
name: Lu, Jianping
name: Lee, Yueh
name: Inscoe, Christina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a promising preclinical modality for cancer treatment, with remarkable preferential tumoricidal effects, that is, tumor eradication without damaging normal tissue functions. Significant lifespan extension has been demonstrated in brain tumor-bearing small animals treated with MRT. So far, MRT experiments can only be performed in a few synchrotron facilities around the world. Limited access to MRT facilities prevents this enormously promising radiotherapy technology from reaching the broader biomedical research community and hinders its potential clinical translation. We recently demonstrated, for the first time, the feasibility of generating microbeam radiation in a laboratory environment using a carbon nanotube x-ray source array and performed initial small animal studies with various brain tumor models. This new nanotechnology-enabled microbeam delivery method, although still in its infancy, has shown promise for achieving comparable therapeutic effects to synchrotron MRT and has offered a potential pathway for clinical translation.
title: Pergamon, Türkei. Pergamon. Die Arbeiten des Jahres 2021
title: Pergamon, Türkei. Pergamon. Die Arbeiten des Jahres 2021
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Pirson, Felix
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2022

description: e-Forschungsberichte, Faszikel 2 (2022)
description: In 2021, the Pergamon excavation focused on work within the framework of the new research programme TransPerg­Mikro. The dating of the ›Gothic Wall‹ in the 3rd century CE could be confirmed. The discovery and documentation of an imperial-period peristyle building east of the Red Hall also contribute to our knowledge of the city's settlement history. The investigations of the amphi­theatre, the theatre at the Musalla Mezarlığı, and the ›Lower ­Western Gymnasion‹ by archaeological building research were completed. The excavation of a Roman imperial funeral building northwest of the ­Asklepieion, significant new evidence for the funerary culture of Pergamon's imperial-period elites was obtained. In the surroundings of the ancient city, the investigation of the extra-urban thermal baths was completed. The ­survey in the western micro-region focused on the transition zone of the ­eastern foothills of the Kara Dağ peninsula and the adjacent western Bakır Çay plain. In addition to the diachronic reconstruction of land use in an inten­sively surveyed area, surprisingly diverse settlement sites were newly discovered and documented. The investigations of sediment archives in the river plain and in Pergamon by Physical Geography were continued. The inter­disciplinary rescue excavation at the Ballık cave discovered the previous year was able to confirm a temporary place of settlement and tool-production of Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers as well as the use of the site as a sanctuary of the goddess Meter presumably since Archaic times.
Evidence-based guidelines for pediatric clinical trials: focus on StaR Child Health
Creators: name: Benjamin, Daniel K
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: Sampson, Mario R
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Clinical trials in children are challenging and filled with important ethical considerations that differ from adults. Given difficulties associated with pediatric clinical trials, off-label prescribing is a common practice in pediatrics, which can lead to adverse safety events and efficacy failures. To overcome these consequences, in the past 15 years, legislation in the USA and Europe has provided incentives to industry and increased government funding to conduct pediatric trials. Pediatric trial networks have also been formed to decrease the knowledge gap. However, challenges to performing pediatric trials and lack of standardization and guidelines regarding studies in children still exist. Standards for Research (StaR) in Child Health, begun in 2009, aims to improve the design, conduct and reporting of pediatric trials. This organization uses a consensus guideline approach involving academic, government and industry stakeholders to identify and disseminate best practices for pediatric trials. Six out of 11 planned standards are currently published.
Inoue surfaces and the Chern-Ricci flow
Creators: name: Fang, Shouwen
name: Tosatti, Valentino
name: Weinkove, Ben
name: Zheng, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44, 53C55, 32W20, 32J15

description: We investigate the Chern-Ricci flow, an evolution equation of Hermitian metrics, on Inoue surfaces. These are non-Kahler compact complex surfaces of type Class VII. We show that, after an initial conformal change, the flow always collapses the Inoue surface to a circle at infinite time, in the sense of Gromov-Hausdorff.
description: 23 pages
title: Pergamon, Turkey. Monument Conservation and Capacity Building. The work of 2020 and 2021
title: Pergamon, Turkey. Monument Conservation and Capacity Building. The work of 2020 and 2021
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Mania, Ulrich
name: Tezer-Altay, Seçil
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Monitoring

description: e-Forschungsberichte, Faszikel 2 (2022)
description: Highlight of 2020 was the finalisation of the conservation activities in the Red Hall, where several projects have been conducted since 2006. Furthermore in 2021 we finalized, the conservational efforts on the east retaining wall of the Gymnasium. In the same year, a new project has started focusing on retaining walls in danger of collapse at the theatre terrace. Besides this, urgent conservational works have been carried out in the Asklepieion, and at the Goths’ Wall since the grade of deterioration created imminent danger. All these works were accompanied by a capacity building project that has been running since 2019 with generous supports of the Gerda Henkel Foundation and the Culture Office of the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs, together with various local stakeholders.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of recently approved drugs used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in infants, children and adults
Creators: name: Smith, P Brian
name: Gonzalez, Daniel
name: Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael
name: Gostelow, Martyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant cause of morbidity in hospitalized infants. Over the past 15 years, several drugs have been approved for the treatment of S. aureus infections in adults (linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, telavancin, tigecycline, and ceftaroline). The use of there majority of these drugs has extended into the treatment of MRSA infections in infants, frequently with minimal safety or dosing information. Only linezolid is approved for use in infants, and pharmacokinetic data in infants are limited to linezolid and daptomycin. Pediatric trials are underway for ceftaroline, telavancin, and daptomycin; however, none of these studies includes infants. Here, we review current pharmacokinetic, safety, and efficacy data of these drugs with a specific focus in infants.
title: Karien, Türkei. Zur Reflexion der ptolemäischen Herrschaft in der karischen Münzprägung. Die Arbeiten des Jahres 2020
title: Karien, Türkei. Zur Reflexion der ptolemäischen Herrschaft in der karischen Münzprägung. Die Arbeiten des Jahres 2020
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Vidin, Hülya
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2022

description: e-Forschungsberichte, Faszikel 2 (2022)
description: Beside other Hellenistic hegemonies the Ptolemies ruled over Caria from the end of the 4th until the late 3rd century BC. The Carian domain of the Ptolemies extended from the islands opposite the Carian mainland along the Carian coast and to some cities in the Western inland. The seven cities of Iasos, Mylasa, Halikarnassos, Knidos, Kaunos, Kos and Kalymnos in the Ptolemaic sphere of influence minted coins during their rule in the 3rd century BC. As part of a three-month research project, the coins of these cities were examined to determine whether Ptolemaic coinage had an influence on Carian civic coinage from an iconographic and metrological perspective and whether the cities used the coins as a medium to communicate their loyalty to the Ptolemaic royal house.
Homotopy Groups of Free Group Character Varieties
Creators: name: Florentino, Carlos
name: Lawton, Sean
name: Ramras, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05, 14L24, 55Q05 (Primary), 14D20, 14L30, 55U10 (Secondary)

description: Let G be a connected, complex reductive Lie group with maximal compact subgroup K, and let X denote the moduli space of G- or K-valued representations of a rank r free group. In this article, we develop methods for studying the low-dimensional homotopy groups of these spaces and of their subspaces Y of irreducible representations. Our main result is that when G = GL(n,C) or SL(n,C), the second homotopy group of X is trivial. The proof depends on a new general position-type result in a singular setting. This result is proven in the Appendix and may be of independent interest. We also obtain new information regarding the homotopy groups of the subspaces Y. Recent work of Biswas and Lawton determined the fundamental group of X for general G, and we describe the fundamental group of Y. Specializing to the case G = GL(n,C), we explicitly compute the homotopy groups of the smooth locus of X in a large range of dimensions, finding that they exhibit Bott Periodicity. As a further application of our methods (and in particular our general position result) we obtain new results regarding centralizers of subgroups of G and K, motivated by a question of Sikora. Additionally, we use work of Richardson to solve a conjecture of Florentino-Lawton about the singular locus of X, and we give a topological proof that for G= GL(n,C) or SL(n,C), the space X is not a rational Poincaré Duality Space for r>3 and n=2.
description: 43 pages
Pacote Experimental - Ciclo 4
Creators: name: França, Simone
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 461202
subject: Empirical software engineering
classificationCode: 390405
subject: Educational technology and computing

description: Pacote experimental de um experimento realizado com turmas de Engenharia de Software, relativo a tese denominada "Gamificação de worked examples extraídos de projetos de Software Livre para apoiar o ensino de Engenharia de Software".
Management of proton pump inhibitor responsive-esophageal eosinophilia and eosinophilic esophagitis: controversies in treatment approaches
Creators: name: Kochar, Bharati
name: Dellon, Evan S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune mediated clinicopathologic disease. The prevalence of EoE is approximately 1/2000 persons, EoE is now the most common cause of food impactions, and health care expenditures approach $1 billion annually. This paper will discuss challenges related to proton pump inhibitor responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE), including distinguishing this condition from EoE and understanding mechanisms of the PPI response. For EoE, we will review multiple ongoing debates about treatment and monitoring strategies, including selecting treatment outcomes, optimizing medication formulations, approaching the steroid-refractory patient, conducting dietary elimination, prescribing long-term maintenance therapy, and performing esophageal dilation.
The compressible viscous surface-internal wave problem: stability and vanishing surface tension limit
Creators: name: Jang, Juhi
name: Tice, Ian
name: Wang, Yanjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35Q30, 35R35, 76N10, Secondary 76E17, 76E19, 76N99

description: This paper concerns the dynamics of two layers of compressible, barotropic, viscous fluid lying atop one another. The lower fluid is bounded below by a rigid bottom, and the upper fluid is bounded above by a trivial fluid of constant pressure. This is a free boundary problem: the interfaces between the fluids and above the upper fluid are free to move. The fluids are acted on by gravity in the bulk, and at the free interfaces we consider both the case of surface tension and the case of no surface forces. We establish a sharp nonlinear global-in-time stability criterion and give the explicit decay rates to the equilibrium. When the upper fluid is heavier than the lower fluid along the equilibrium interface, we characterize the set of surface tension values in which the equilibrium is nonlinearly stable. Remarkably, this set is non-empty, i.e. sufficiently large surface tension can prevent the onset of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. When the lower fluid is heavier than the upper fluid, we show that the equilibrium is stable for all non-negative surface tensions and we establish the zero surface tension limit.
description: 59 pages
Evolving molecular diagnostics for familial cardiomyopathies: at the heart of it all
Creators: name: Willis, Monte S
name: Callis, Thomas E
name: Weck, Karen E
name: Jensen, Brian C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Cardiomyopathies are an important and heterogeneous group of common cardiac diseases. An increasing number of cardiomyopathies are now recognized to have familial forms, which result from single-gene mutations that render a Mendelian inheritance pattern, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy. Recently, clinical genetic tests for familial cardiomyopathies have become available for clinicians evaluating and treating patients with these diseases, making it necessary to understand the current progress and challenges in cardiomyopathy genetics and diagnostics. In this review, we summarize the genetic basis of selected cardiomyopathies, describe the clinical utility of genetic testing for cardiomyopathies and outline the current challenges and emerging developments.
Targeting the neurophysiology of cognitive systems with transcranial alternating current stimulation
Creators: name: Fröhlich, Flavio
name: Cordle, Asa L
name: Sellers, Kristin K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cognitive impairment represents one of the most debilitating and most difficult symptom to treat of many psychiatric illnesses. Human neurophysiology studies have suggested specific pathologies of cortical network activity correlate with cognitive impairment. However, we lack (1) demonstration of causal relationships between specific network activity patterns and cognitive capabilities and (2) treatment modalities that directly target impaired network dynamics of cognition. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a novel non-invasive brain stimulation approach, may provide a crucial tool to tackle these challenges. We here propose that tACS can be used to elucidate the causal role of cortical synchronization in cognition and, eventually, to enhance pathologically weakened synchrony that may underlie cognitive deficits. To accelerate such development of tACS as a treatment for cognitive deficits, we discuss studies on tACS and cognition (all performed in healthy participants) according to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) of the National Institute of Mental Health.
title: Istanbul, Türkei. Reliquientranslationen und die Konstruktion einer christlichen Sakraltopographie für Konstantinopel vom 4. bis zum 7. Jahrhundert. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2020 und 2021
title: Istanbul, Türkei. Reliquientranslationen und die Konstruktion einer christlichen Sakraltopographie für Konstantinopel vom 4. bis zum 7. Jahrhundert. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2020 und 2021
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Viermann, Nadine
Publisher: name: Deutsches Archäologisches Institut
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Frühbyzantinisch
subject: Kirche
subject: Reliquien
subject: Stadtmauern
subject: Kaiser

description: e-Forschungsberichte, Faszikel 2 (2022)
description: When the emperor Constantine founded Constantinople in 330 CE, the city did not have much to offer in Christian terms compared to other urban centres in the Mediterranean. To balance out this deficit, relics from various places were brought to Constantinople, forming the foundation for the city’s fast-growing sacred topography. The project aims at a holistic analysis of this phenomenon by looking at who translated the relics, what objects were translated, how these translations affected urban space, and how they were performed. The research fellowship 2020/1 was dedicated to investigating intra-urban translations and how these impacted the connection between city centre and hinterland.
La teoría del embodied cognition como explicación del recuerdo colaborativo
Creators: name: Rojas, Jesús Ariel
name: Gómez, Karen Angel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Memoria, recuerdo colaborativo, embodied cognition

description: La teoría de la Embodied Cognition propone que nuestros procesos cognitivos están intrínsecamente conectados con nuestras experiencias físicas y acciones motoras. Esta investigación se enfoca en la influencia de las actividades corporales, los gestos y los recursos ambientales en la evocación del recuerdo colaborativo.