cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Binary and recycled pulsars: 30 years after observational discovery
Creators: name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary radio pulsars, first discovered by Hulse and Taylor in 1974 [1], are a unique tool for experimentally testing general relativity (GR), whose validity has been confirmed with a precision unavailable in laboratory experiments. In particular, indirect evidence of the existence of gravitational waves has been obtained. Radio pulsars in binary systems (which have come to be known as recycled) have completed the accretion stage, during which neutron star spins reach millisecond periods and their magnetic fields decay 2 to 4 orders of magnitude more weakly than ordinary radio pulsars. Among about a hundred known recycled pulsars, many have turned out to be single neutron stars. The high concentration of single recycled pulsars in globular clusters suggests that close stellar encounters are highly instrumental in the loss of the companion. A system of one recycled pulsar and one 'normal' one discovered in 2004 is the most compact among binaries containing recycled pulsars [2]. Together with the presence of two pulsars in one system, this suggests new prospects for further essential improvements in testing GR. This paper considers theoretical predictions of binary pulsars, their evolutionary formation, and mechanisms by which their companions may be lost. The use of recycled pulsars in testing GR is discussed and their possible relation to the most intriguing objects in the universe, cosmic gamma-ray bursts, is examined.
O(G_F^2 m_t^4) two-loop electroweak correction to Higgs-boson decay to bottom quarks
Creators: name: Butenschoen, Mathias
name: Fugel, Frank
name: Kniehl, Bernd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically calculate the dominant two-loop electroweak correction, of O(G_F^2 m_t^4), to the partial width of the decay of a Higgs boson, with mass M_H << m_t, into a bottom-quark pair, and describe the most important conceptual and technical details of our calculation. As a by-product of our analysis, we also recover the O(alpha_s G_F m_t^2) correction. Relative to the Born result, the O(G_F^2 m_t^4) correction turns out to be approximately +0.047% and, thus, more than compensates the O(alpha_s G_F m_t^2) one, which amounts to approximately -0.022%.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Efficient Training of Visual Transformers with Small Datasets
Creators: name: Liu, Yahui
name: Sangineto, Enver
name: Bi, Wei
name: Sebe, Nicu
name: Lepri, Bruno
name: De Nadai, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual Transformers (VTs) are emerging as an architectural paradigm alternative to Convolutional networks (CNNs). Differently from CNNs, VTs can capture global relations between image elements and they potentially have a larger representation capacity. However, the lack of the typical convolutional inductive bias makes these models more data-hungry than common CNNs. In fact, some local properties of the visual domain which are embedded in the CNN architectural design, in VTs should be learned from samples. In this paper, we empirically analyse different VTs, comparing their robustness in a small training-set regime, and we show that, despite having a comparable accuracy when trained on ImageNet, their performance on smaller datasets can be largely different. Moreover, we propose a self-supervised task which can extract additional information from images with only a negligible computational overhead. This task encourages the VTs to learn spatial relations within an image and makes the VT training much more robust when training data are scarce. Our task is used jointly with the standard (supervised) training and it does not depend on specific architectural choices, thus it can be easily plugged in the existing VTs. Using an extensive evaluation with different VTs and datasets, we show that our method can improve (sometimes dramatically) the final accuracy of the VTs. Our code is available at: https://github.com/yhlleo/VTs-Drloc.
Identifying Misinformation from Website Screenshots
Creators: name: Abdali, Sara
name: Gurav, Rutuja
name: Menon, Siddharth
name: Fonseca, Daniel
name: Entezari, Negin
name: Shah, Neil
name: Papalexakis, Evangelos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Can the look and the feel of a website give information about the trustworthiness of an article? In this paper, we propose to use a promising, yet neglected aspect in detecting the misinformativeness: the overall look of the domain webpage. To capture this overall look, we take screenshots of news articles served by either misinformative or trustworthy web domains and leverage a tensor decomposition based semi-supervised classification technique. The proposed approach i.e., VizFake is insensitive to a number of image transformations such as converting the image to grayscale, vectorizing the image and losing some parts of the screenshots. VizFake leverages a very small amount of known labels, mirroring realistic and practical scenarios, where labels (especially for known misinformative articles), are scarce and quickly become dated. The F1 score of VizFake on a dataset of 50k screenshots of news articles spanning more than 500 domains is roughly 85% using only 5% of ground truth labels. Furthermore, tensor representations of VizFake, obtained in an unsupervised manner, allow for exploratory analysis of the data that provides valuable insights into the problem. Finally, we compare VizFake with deep transfer learning, since it is a very popular black-box approach for image classification and also well-known text text-based methods. VizFake achieves competitive accuracy with deep transfer learning models while being two orders of magnitude faster and not requiring laborious hyper-parameter tuning.
Learning domain-agnostic visual representation for computational pathology using medically-irrelevant style transfer augmentation
Creators: name: Yamashita, Rikiya
name: Long, Jin
name: Banda, Snikitha
name: Shen, Jeanne
name: Rubin, Daniel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Suboptimal generalization of machine learning models on unseen data is a key challenge which hampers the clinical applicability of such models to medical imaging. Although various methods such as domain adaptation and domain generalization have evolved to combat this challenge, learning robust and generalizable representations is core to medical image understanding, and continues to be a problem. Here, we propose STRAP (Style TRansfer Augmentation for histoPathology), a form of data augmentation based on random style transfer from non-medical style source such as artistic paintings, for learning domain-agnostic visual representations in computational pathology. Style transfer replaces the low-level texture content of an image with the uninformative style of randomly selected style source image, while preserving the original high-level semantic content. This improves robustness to domain shift and can be used as a simple yet powerful tool for learning domain-agnostic representations. We demonstrate that STRAP leads to state-of-the-art performance, particularly in the presence of domain shifts, on two particular classification tasks in computational pathology.
Impact of the disk thickness on X-ray reflection spectroscopy measurements
Creators: name: Tripathi, Ashutosh
name: Abdikamalov, Askar B.
name: Ayzenberg, Dimitry
name: Bambi, Cosimo
name: Liu, Honghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper, we presented an extension of our reflection model RELXILL_NK to include the finite thickness of the accretion disk following the prescription in Taylor & Reynolds (2018). In this paper, we apply our model to fit the 2013 simultaneous observations by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton of the supermassive black hole in MCG-06-30-15 and the 2019 NuSTAR observation of the Galactic black hole in EXO 1846-031. The high-quality data of these spectra had previously led to precise black hole spin measurements and very stringent constraints on possible deviations from the Kerr metric. We find that the disk thickness does not change previous spin results found with a model employing an infinitesimally thin disk, which confirms the robustness of spin measurements in high radiative efficiency disks, where the impact of disk thickness is minimal. Similar analysis on lower accretion rate systems will be an important test for measuring the effect of disk thickness on black hole spin measurements.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. v2: refereed version
Locally accurate tensor networks for thermal states and time evolution
Creators: name: Alhambra, Álvaro M.
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor network methods are routinely used in approximating various equilibrium and non-equilibrium scenarios, with the algorithms requiring a small bond dimension at low enough time or inverse temperature. These approaches so far lacked a rigorous mathematical justification, since existing approximations to thermal states and time evolution demand a bond dimension growing with system size. To address this problem, we construct PEPOs that approximate, for all local observables, $i)$ their thermal expectation values and $ii)$ their Heisenberg time evolution. The bond dimension required does not depend on system size, but only on the temperature or time. We also show how these can be used to approximate thermal correlation functions and expectation values in quantum quenches.
description: 6+13 pages, 10 figures, comments welcome! v2: updated references and fixed error in Appendix D. v3: Close to published version
Worldsheet Instantons and a Null String Limit of Born-Infeld Theory
Creators: name: Goldin, Gerald A.
name: Mavromatos, Nick E.
name: Szabo, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a superstring theory in four spacetime dimensions, we propose a modification of the Born-Infeld action that possesses a well-defined tensionless limit. We interpret this as describing the effective target space dynamics of null strings on a D3-brane. We argue that such a modification can be induced by nonperturbative contributions from instantons in the worldsheet sigma-model describing string propagation on the brane.
description: 11 pages; Comments and references added
Optimal Static Mutation Strength Distributions for the $(1+λ)$ Evolutionary Algorithm on OneMax
Creators: name: Buzdalov, Maxim
name: Doerr, Carola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2
subject: 68Q17

description: Most evolutionary algorithms have parameters, which allow a great flexibility in controlling their behavior and adapting them to new problems. To achieve the best performance, it is often needed to control some of the parameters during optimization, which gave rise to various parameter control methods. In recent works, however, similar advantages have been shown, and even proven, for sampling parameter values from certain, often heavy-tailed, fixed distributions. This produced a family of algorithms currently known as "fast evolution strategies" and "fast genetic algorithms". However, only little is known so far about the influence of these distributions on the performance of evolutionary algorithms, and about the relationships between (dynamic) parameter control and (static) parameter sampling. We contribute to the body of knowledge by presenting, for the first time, an algorithm that computes the optimal static distributions, which describe the mutation operator used in the well-known simple $(1+λ)$ evolutionary algorithm on a classic benchmark problem OneMax. We show that, for large enough population sizes, such optimal distributions may be surprisingly complicated and counter-intuitive. We investigate certain properties of these distributions, and also evaluate the performance regrets of the $(1+λ)$ evolutionary algorithm using commonly used mutation distributions.
description: Submitted for review to GECCO'21
Terrestrial Probes of Electromagnetically Interacting Dark Radiation
Creators: name: Kuo, Jui-Lin
name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Pradler, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that dark radiation, sourced through the decay of dark matter in the late Universe, carries electromagnetic interactions. The relativistic flux of particles induces recoil signals in direct detection and neutrino experiments through its interaction with millicharge, electric/magnetic dipole moments, or anapole moment/charge radius. Taking the DM lifetime as 35 times the age of the Universe, as currently cosmologically allowed, we show that direct detection (neutrino) experiments have complementary sensitivity down to $ε\sim 10^{-11}$ $(10^{-12})$, $d_χ/μ_χ\sim 10^{-9}\,μ_B$ $(10^{-13}μ_B)$, and $a_χ/b_χ\sim 10^{-2}\,{\rm GeV}^{-2}$ $(10^{-8}\,{\rm GeV}^{-2})$ on the respective couplings. Finally, we show that such dark radiation can lead to a satisfactory explanation of the recently observed XENON1T excess in the electron recoil signal without being in conflict with other bounds.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures; to match the published version
Το ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα της έφεσης στο χώρο των βουλευμάτων και των αποφάσεων
Creators: name: Μήλιου, Βασιλική Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα
Αποφάσεις
Βουλεύματα
Suspensive effect
Judgments
Presentments

description: Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι το ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα της έφεσης στην ποινική δίκη στο χώρο των αποφάσεων αλλά και των βουλευμάτων. Το ανασταλτικό αποτέλεσμα είναι μεγάλης σπουδαιότητας, διότι αν χορηγηθεί, αναβάλλεται ο χρόνος εκτέλεσης μιας απόφασης. Για το λόγο αυτό κατοχυρώνεται από διατάξεις αυξημένης τυπικής ισχύος τόσο στην Ελλάδα όσο και σε Ευρωπαϊκά κείμενα. Βρίσκει εφαρμογή στο χώρο της προδικασίας, αλλά και της διαδικασίας στο ακροατήριο. Όσον αφορά την προδικασία αναφέρεται στη δυνατότητα ανασταλτικού αποτελέσματος της έφεσης επί παραπεμπτικών ή μη παραπεμπτικών βουλευμάτων. Όσον αφορά τη διαδικασία στο ακροατήριο αναφέρεται στην δυνατότητα χορήγησης ανασταλτικού αποτελέσματος από το πρωτοβάθμιο δικαστήριο αλλά και στην δυνατότητα αίτησης αναστολής εκτέλεσης στο Δευτεροβάθμιο δικαστήριο και ειδικότερα στις ουσιαστικές και τυπικές προϋποθέσεις υπό τις οποίες αυτό αποφασίζει. Τέλος γίνεται εκτενής αναφορά στο ισχύον νομοθετικό πλαίσιο το οποίο είναι αποτέλεσμα αλλεπάλληλων τροποποιήσεων στο πέρασμα του χρόνου οι οποίες οφείλονται στην προσπάθεια του νομοθέτη να ισορροπήσει την αξίωση της πολιτείας αφενός για άμεση εκτέλεση της ποινής και αφετέρου για ορθή απονομή της δικαιοσύνης.
description: The present master thesis deals with the suspensive effect of the appeal in criminal proceedings both against judgments and against presentments. The suspensive effect is an issue of great importance since, once granted, the moment of execution of the court judgment is postponed. This is the reason why it is regulated by provisions of increased legal force both at national and at EU level. It is applied in preliminary proceedings as well as in the audience proceedings. As regards the preliminary proceedings, the present thesis deals with the possibility of suspensive effect of the appeal in referral or non-referral orders. As far as the audience proceedings are concerned, it focuses on the possibility of the application of the suspective effect against a decision issued by the court of first instance and then the possibility of suspension of execution of the first court’s decision by the appellate court. In particular, the substantive and formal conditions under which these courts decide. Lastly, the present thesis analyses the current legal framework which is a result of diverse legal reforms which have intended to balance, form one side, the state's claim for immediate execution of the judgment and, from the other side, the correct conferment of justice.
Competing Orders and Spin-Density-Wave Instability in La(O$_{1-x}$F$_x$)FeAs
Creators: name: Dong, J.
name: Zhang, H. J.
name: Xu, G.
name: Li, Z.
name: Li, G.
name: Hu, W. Z.
name: Wu, D.
name: Chen, G. F.
name: Dai, X.
name: Luo, J. L.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Wang, N. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between different ordered phases, such as superconducting, charge or spin ordered phases, is of central interest in condensed matter physics. The very recent discovery of superconductivity with a remarkable T$_c$= 26 K in Fe-based oxypnictide La(O$_{1-x}$F$_x$)FeAs is a surprise to the scientific community\cite{Kamihara08}. The pure LaOFeAs itself is not superconducting but shows an anomaly near 150 K in both resistivity and dc magnetic susceptibility. Here we provide combined experimental and theoretical evidences showing that the anomaly is caused by the spin-density-wave (SDW) instability, and electron-doping by F suppresses the SDW instability and recovers the superconductivity. Therefore, the La(O$_{1-x}$F$_x$)FeAs offers an exciting new system showing competing orders in layered compounds.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
A Large-scale Approach to Modelling Molecular Biosignatures: The Diatomics
Creators: name: Cross, Thomas M.
name: Benoit, David M.
name: Pignatari, Marco
name: Gibson, Brad K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents the first steps to modelling synthetic rovibrational spectra for all molecules of astrophysical interest using a new approach implemented in the Prometheus code. The goal is to create a new comprehensive source of first-principles molecular spectra, thus bridging the gap for missing data to help drive future high-resolution studies. Our primary application domain is for molecules identified as signatures of life in planetary atmospheres (biosignatures), but our approach is general and can be applied to other systems. In this work we evaluate the accuracy of our method by studying four diatomic molecules H$_2$, O$_2$, N$_2$ and CO, all of which have well-known spectra. Prometheus uses the Transition-Optimised Shifted Hermite (TOSH) theory to account for anharmonicity for the fundamental $ν=0 \rightarrow ν=1$ band, along with thermal profile modeling for the rotational transitions. To this end, we expand TOSH theory to enable the modeling of rotational constants. We show that our simple model achieves results that are a better approximation of the real spectra than those produced through a harmonic approach. We compare our results with high-resolution HITRAN and ExoMol spectral data. We find that modelling accuracy tends to diminish for rovibrational transition away from the band origin, thus highlighting the need for the theory to be further adapted.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of Having less and wanting more: an investigation of socioeconomic status and reinforcement pathology
Creators: name: Crandall, Amanda K.
name: Ziegler, Amanda M.
name: Mansouri, Tegan
name: Matteson, Jalen
name: Isenhart, Emily
name: Autum Carter
name: Balantekin, Katherine N.
name: Temple, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Bayesian estimation for collisional thermometry
Creators: name: Alves, Gabriel O.
name: Landi, Gabriel T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum thermometry exploits the high level of control in coherent devices to offer enhanced precision for temperature estimation. This highlights the need for constructing concrete estimation strategies. Of particular importance is collisional thermometry, where a series of ancillas are sent sequentially to probe the system's temperature. In this paper we put forth a complete framework for analyzing collisional thermometry using Bayesian inference. The approach is easily implementable and experimentally friendly. Moreover, it is guaranteed to always saturate the Cramer-Rao bound in the long-time limit. Subtleties concerning the prior information about the system's temperature are also discussed, and analyzed in terms of a modified Cramer-Rao bound associated to Van Trees and Schützenberger.
A Detection of [CII] line emission in the z=4.7 QSO BR1202-0725
Creators: name: Iono, D.
name: Yun, M. S.
name: Elvis, M.
name: Peck, A.
name: Ho, P. T. P.
name: Wilner, D. J.
name: Hunter, T. R.
name: Matsushita, S.
name: Muller, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ~3'' resolution imaging of the z=4.7 QSO BR1202-0725 at 900 micron from the Submillimeter Array. The two submillimeter continuum components are clearly resolved from each other, and the positions are consistent with previous lower frequency images. In addition, we detect [CII] line emission from the northern component. The ratio of [CII] to far-infrared luminosity is 0.04% for the northern component, and an upper limit of < 0.03% is obtained for the southern component. These ratios are similar to the low values found in local ultraluminous galaxies, indicating that the excitation conditions are different from those found in local field galaxies. X-ray emission is detected by Chandra from the southern component at L$_{0.5-2keV}=3\times10^{45}$~erg~s$^{-1}$, and detected at 99.6% confidence from the northern component at L$_{0.5-2keV}\sim3\times10^{44}$erg~s$^{-1}$, supporting the idea that BR1202-0725 is a pair of interacting galaxies at z=4.7 that each harbor an active nucleus.
description: 8 pages, ApJL accepted
The Singly-Charged Scalar Singlet as the Origin of Neutrino Masses
Creators: name: Felkl, Tobias
name: Herrero-Garcia, Juan
name: Schmidt, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the generation of neutrino masses via a singly-charged scalar singlet. Under general assumptions we identify two distinct structures for the neutrino mass matrix. This yields a constraint for the antisymmetric Yukawa coupling of the singly-charged scalar singlet to two left-handed lepton doublets, irrespective of how the breaking of lepton-number conservation is achieved. The constraint disfavours large hierarchies among the Yukawa couplings. We study the implications for the phenomenology of lepton-flavour universality, measurements of the $W$-boson mass, flavour violation in the charged-lepton sector and decays of the singly-charged scalar singlet. We also discuss the parameter space that can address the Cabibbo Angle Anomaly.
description: 38 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, published in JHEP, references added, minor clarifications added
Additional file 1 of Predictive factors of quality of life among medical students: results from a multicentric study
Creators: name: Miguel, Alice De Queiroz Constantino
name: Tempski, Patricia
name: Kobayasi, Renata
name: Mayer, Fernanda B.
name: Martins, Milton A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: VERAS-Q questionnaire.
Two-Dimensional Bose-Hubbard Model for Helium on Graphene
Creators: name: Yu, Jiangyong
name: Lauricella, Ethan
name: Elsayed, Mohamed
name: Shepherd, Kenneth
name: Nichols, Nathan S.
name: Lombardi, Todd
name: Kim, Sang Wook
name: Wexler, Carlos
name: Vanegas, Juan M.
name: Lakoba, Taras
name: Kotov, Valeri N.
name: Del Maestro, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exciting development in the field of correlated systems is the possibility of realizing two-dimensional (2D) phases of quantum matter. For a systems of bosons, an example of strong correlations manifesting themselves in a 2D environment is provided by helium adsorbed on graphene. We construct the effective Bose-Hubbard model for this system which involves hard-core bosons $(U\approx\infty)$, repulsive nearest-neighbor $(V>0)$ and small attractive $(V'<0)$ next-nearest neighbor interactions. The mapping onto the Bose-Hubbard model is accomplished by a variety of many-body techniques which take into account the strong He-He correlations on the scale of the graphene lattice spacing. Unlike the case of dilute ultracold atoms where interactions are effectively point-like, the detailed microscopic form of the short range electrostatic and long range dispersion interactions in the helium-graphene system are crucial for the emergent Bose-Hubbard description. The result places the ground state of the first layer of $^4$He adsorbed on graphene deep in the commensurate solid phase with $1/3$ of the sites on the dual triangular lattice occupied. Because the parameters of the effective Bose-Hubbard model are very sensitive to the exact lattice structure, this opens up an avenue to tune quantum phase transitions in this solid-state system.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures. Reorganized text and extended an appendix. For associated data and code repository see: https://github.com/DelMaestroGroup/papers-code-BoseHubbardModelHeAdsorptionGraphene
Δημιουργία εξειδικευμένης, ψηφιακής ιατρικής βάσης δεδομένων και της συνοδής διεπαφής για την καταγραφή και την μελέτη υπερηχογραφικών μελετών έσω καρωτίδων (carotid ultrasound) και διακρανιακών υπερή
Creators: name: Ξέρρας, Χρυσόστομος Γεωργίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Βάση δεδομένων
Διεπαφή
Υπέρηχος καρωτίδων
Διακρανιακός υπέρηχος
SQL
MySQL
Python
Database
Interface
Carotid ultrasound
Transcranial Doppler

description: Σκοπός της εργασίας ήταν η δημιουργία, μέσω της γλώσσας προγραμματισμού SQL, μιας εξειδικευμένης βάσης δεδομένων, προσαρμοσμένη στα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά δύο ιατρικών εξετάσεων: του υπερήχου καρωτίδων και του διακρανιακού υπερήχου. Η βάση δεδομένων που υλοποιήθηκε επιτρέπει την εισαγωγή αναλυτικών στοιχείων από το ιατρικό ιστορικό του ασθενούς και καθιστά εφικτή την διασύνδεση διαδοχικών εξετάσεων του ασθενούς. Επιτρέπει επομένως την παρακολούθηση της υπερηχογραφικής και κλινικής πορείας (εξέλιξη της κλινικής συμπτωματολογίας, αλλαγή φαρμακευτικής αγωγής κλπ) του ασθενούς σε βάθος χρόνου. Για την υλοποίηση της βάσης χρησιμοποιήθηκε η εφαρμογή MySQL. Δημιουργήθηκε επίσης η αντίστοιχη διεπαφή που παρέχει την δυνατότητα εύκολης πρόσβασης και χρήσης της βάση δεδομένων, ακόμα και από προσωπικό χωρίς εξειδικευμένες γνώσεις προγραμματισμού. Για την υλοποίηση της διεπαφής χρησιμοποιήθηκε η γλώσσα προγραμματισμού Python. Στο πλαίσιο της εργασίας, έγινε έλεγχος της λειτουργίας της βάσης δεδομένων και της διεπαφής μέσω της εισαγωγής και επεξεργασίας εικονικών δεδομένων.
description: The aim of this thesis was the development, via the use of the programming language SQL, of a specialized database, adjusted to the specific characteristics of two medical exams: the carotid ultrasound and the transcranial Doppler. The database that was created incorporates the capability of recording detailed information from each patient’s medical history, and also links consecutive medical exams of the same patient. Therefore, it facilitates the follow up of the laboratory and clinical (evolution of symptomatology, treatment adjustment etc.) evolution of each patient over time. For the development of the database, the application MySQL was used. A corresponding interface was created, that allows easy access and use of the database, even by personnel without specialized programming capabilities. For the development of the interface, the programming language Python was used. The operation of both the database and the interface was confirmed by the importation and processing of virtual data
Quantum Kinetic Equation for Fluids of Spin-1/2 Fermions
Creators: name: Dayi, Ö. F.
name: Kilinçarslan, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Fluid of spin-1/2 fermions is represented by a complex scalar field and a four-vector field coupled both to the scalar and the Dirac fields. We present the underlying action and show that the resulting equations of motion are identical to the (hydrodynamic) Euler equations in the presence of Coriolis force. As a consequence of the gauge invariances of this action we established the quantum kinetic equation which takes account of noninertial properties of the fluid in the presence of electromagnetic fields. The equations of the field components of Wigner function in Clifford algebra basis are employed to construct new semiclassical covariant kinetic equations of the vector and axial-vector field components for massless as well as massive fermions. Nonrelativistic limit of the chiral kinetic equation is studied and shown that it generates a novel three-dimensional transport theory which does not depend on spatial variables explicitly and possesses a Coriolis force term. We demonstrated that the three-dimensional chiral transport equations are consistent with the chiral anomaly. For massive fermions the three-dimensional kinetic transport theory generated by the new covariant kinetic equations is established in small mass limit. It possesses the Coriolis force and the massless limit can be obtained directly.
description: Comments and refs added. Published version
Ο έλεγχος δαπανών των ΟΤΑ από το Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο
Creators: name: Μούλα, Μαρία Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο
Οργανισμοί Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης
Προληπτικός έλεγχος δαπανών
Court of audit
Local authorities
Preventive audit

description: Σκοπός της μεταπτυχιακής αυτής εργασίας ήταν η παρουσίαση του ρόλου του Ελεγκτικού Συνεδρίου όσον αφορά τις δαπάνες των Οργανισμών Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης. Η μελέτη βασίστηκε σε δύο πυλώνες, από τη μία το Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο και από την άλλη τους Οργανισμούς Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης. Το εισαγωγικό κεφάλαιο περιέχει μία σύντομη αναφορά στους δύο πυλώνες της θεματικής αυτής, με την ανάλυση των βασικών πτυχών και χαρακτηριστικών τους. Ακολούθησε η σε τέσσερα κεφάλαια διάρθρωση του κύριου μέρους της εργασίας. Ξεκινώντας από τις δαπάνες των ΟΤΑ προσδιορίστηκε η έννοια των δημοσίων δαπανών και η ειδικότερη έκφανσή τους στα πλαίσια της Τοπικής Αυτοδιοίκησης. Εν συνεχεία αναλύθηκε η αρμοδιότητα του Ελεγκτικού Συνεδρίου, όσον αφορά τον προληπτικό έλεγχο των δαπανών αυτών. Ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα δόθηκε στο θέμα της κατάργησης του προληπτικού ελέγχου που ασκείται από το Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο. Ενόψει του ζητήματος αυτού προκρίθηκε η σε αντιδιαστoλή εξέταση του κατασταλτικού ελέγχου που πραγματοποιεί το Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο στους λογαριασμούς των υπολόγων των ΟΤΑ. Ακόμη, σημειώθηκαν τα μέσα ένδικης προστασίας σε περίπτωση που θίγονται από ενέργειες στα πλαίσια αυτών των ελέγχων δικαιώματα. Στο τέλος παρουσιάστηκαν τα συμπεράσματα της μελέτης από την αντιδιαστολή των δύο ελέγχων που πραγματοποιεί το Ελεγκτικό Συνέδριο, εν όψει μάλιστα και της κατάργησης του προληπτικού δικαστικού ελέγχου έχοντας επισημάνει τα προβλήματα που δημιουργούνται από την πρόβλεψη αυτή.
description: The aim of the present thesis was the presentation of the role that the Court of Audit withholds regarding the local authorities’ expenditures. The study was based on two pillars, in one hand the Court of Audit and on the other hand the local authorities. The introductory chapter contains a brief report regarding the study’s two pillars, emphasizing their main characteristics and aspects. It is followed by the arrangement in four chapters of the study’s body part. Starting from the expenditures of the local authorities, the meaning of public expenses was first defined, with emphasis on the meaning of the expenditures of the local authorities. Thereafter, the jurisdiction of the Court of Audit was analyzed, regarding the preventive audit operated on local authorities’ expenditures. Special consideration was given into the subject of the abolition of the preventive audit which is operated by the Court of Audit. In the light of this subject the examination of ex-post financial audit seemed inevitable. Furthermore, the means of judicial protection in case rights are violated by the two types of audit were listed and analyzed. Lastly, the conclusions of the study were presented resulting from the interdiction between the two types of audit the Court of Audit operates, in the light of the repeal of the preventive jurisdictional audit, having the emerging problems analyzed.
Limitations on sharing Bell nonlocality between sequential pairs of observers
Creators: name: Cheng, Shuming
name: Liu, Lijun
name: Baker, Travis J.
name: Hall, Michael J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give strong analytic and numerical evidence that, under mild measurement assumptions, two qubits cannot both be recycled to generate Bell nonlocality between multiple independent observers on each side. This is surprising, as under the same assumptions it is possible to recycle just one of the qubits an arbitrarily large number of times [P. J. Brown and R. Colbeck, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 090401 (2020)]. We derive corresponding 'one-sided monogamy relations' that rule out two-sided recycling for a wide range of parameters, based on a general tradeoff relation between the strengths and maximum reversibilities of qubit measurements. We also show if the assumptions are relaxed to allow sufficiently biased measurement selections, then there is a narrow range of measurement strengths that allows two-sided recycling for two observers on each side, and propose an experimental test. Our methods may be readily applied to other types of quantum correlations, such as steering and entanglement, and hence to general information protocols involving sequential measurements.
description: 6+10 pages, and 2 Figures (v3: Significant numerical evidence for the Conjecture added, with aid of additional author, plus several clarifications and references). Comments are welcome
Deep learning-based synthetic-CT generation in radiotherapy and PET: a review
Creators: name: Spadea, Maria Francesca
name: Maspero, Matteo
name: Zaffino, Paolo
name: Seco, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.4.0; J.3
subject: 68T07

description: Recently, deep learning (DL)-based methods for the generation of synthetic computed tomography (sCT) have received significant research attention as an alternative to classical ones. We present here a systematic review of these methods by grouping them into three categories, according to their clinical applications: I) To replace CT in magnetic resonance (MR)-based treatment planning. II) Facilitate cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-based image-guided adaptive radiotherapy. III) Derive attenuation maps for the correction of positron emission tomography (PET). Appropriate database searching was performed on journal articles published between January 2014 and December 2020. The DL methods' key characteristics were extracted from each eligible study, and a comprehensive comparison among network architectures and metrics was reported. A detailed review of each category was given, highlighting essential contributions, identifying specific challenges, and summarising the achievements. Lastly, the statistics of all the cited works from various aspects were analysed, revealing the popularity and future trends, and the potential of DL-based sCT generation. The current status of DL-based sCT generation was evaluated, assessing the clinical readiness of the presented methods.
description: 59 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables; two first equally contributing authors; Medical Physics. 2021
Touch of Neutrinos on the Vacuum Metamorphosis: is the $H_0$ Solution Back?
Creators: name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Pan, Supriya
name: Yang, Weiqiang
name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the entrance of cosmology in its new era of high precision experiments, low- and high-redshift observations set off tensions in the measurements of both the present-day expansion rate ($H_0$) and the clustering of matter ($S_8$). We provide a simultaneous explanation of these tensions using the Parker-Raval Vacuum Metamorphosis (VM) model with the neutrino sector extended beyond the three massless Standard Model flavours and the curvature of the universe considered as a model parameter. To estimate the effect on cosmological observables we implement various extensions of the VM model in the standard \texttt{CosmoMC} pipeline and establish which regions of parameter space are empirically viable to resolve the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions. We find that the likelihood analyses of the physically motivated VM model, which has the same number of free parameters as in the spatially-flat $Λ$CDM model, always gives $H_0$ in agreement with the local measurements (even when BAO or Pantheon data are included) at the price of much larger $χ^2$ than $Λ$CDM. The inclusion of massive neutrinos and extra relativistic species quantified through two well known parameters $\sum m_ν$ and $N_{\rm eff}$, does not modify this result, and in some cases improves the goodness of the fit. In particular, for the original VM+$\sum m_ν$+$N_{\rm eff}$ and the Planck+BAO+Pantheon dataset combination, we find evidence for $\sum m_ν=0.80^{+0.18}_{-0.22}~{\rm eV}$ at more than $3σ$, no indication for extra neutrino species, $H_0=71.0\pm1.2$~km/s/Mpc in agreement with local measurements, and $S_8=0.755\pm0.032$ that solves the tension with the weak lensing measurements. [Abridged]
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication
Designing flat-band tight-binding models with tunable multifold band touching points
Creators: name: Graf, Ansgar
name: Piéchon, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Being dispersionless, flat bands on periodic lattices are solely characterized by their macroscopically degenerate eigenstates: compact localized states (CLSs) in real space and Bloch states in reciprocal space. Based on this property, this work presents a straightforward method to build flat-band tight-binding models with short-range hoppings \emph{on any periodic lattice}. The method consists in starting from a CLS and engineering families of Bloch Hamiltonians as quadratic (or linear) functions of the associated Bloch state. The resulting tight-binding models not only exhibit a flat band, but also multifold quadratic (or linear) band touching points (BTPs) whose number, location, and degeneracy can be controlled to a large extent. Quadratic flat-band models are ubiquitous: they can be built from any arbitrary CLS, on any lattice, in any dimension and with any number $N\geq2$ of bands. Linear flat-band models are rarer: they require $N\geq3$ and can only be built from CLSs that fulfill certain compatibility relations with the underlying lattice. Most flat-band models from the literature can be classified according to this scheme: Mielke's and Tasaki's models belong to the quadratic class, while the Lieb, dice and breathing Kagome models belong to the linear class. Many novel flat-band models are introduced, among which an $N=4$ bilayer honeycomb model with fourfold quadratic BTPs, an $N=5$ dice model with fivefold linear BTPs, and an $N=3$ Kagome model with BTPs that can be smoothly tuned from linear to quadratic.
description: Published version
Helicity basis for three-dimensional conformal field theory
Creators: name: Caron-Huot, Simon
name: Li, Yue-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-point correlators of spinning operators admit multiple tensor structures compatible with conformal symmetry. For conserved currents in three dimensions, we point out that helicity commutes with conformal transformations and we use this to construct three-point structures which diagonalize helicity. In this helicity basis, OPE data is found to be diagonal for mean-field correlators of conserved currents and stress tensor. Furthermore, we use Lorentzian inversion formula to obtain anomalous dimensions for conserved currents at bulk tree-level order in holographic theories, which we compare with corresponding flat-space gluon scattering amplitudes.
description: 37+23 pages, 5 figures. Typos fixed, published version
On the long-range correlations in hadron-nucleus collisions
Creators: name: Armesto, N.
name: Braun, M. A.
name: Pajares, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long-range correlations between multiplicities in different rapidity windows in hadron-nucleus collisions are analyzed. After recalling the standard results in the probabilistic model, we study them in the framework of perturbative QCD. Considering interacting BFKL pomerons in the form of fan diagrams coupled to a dilute projectile, analytic estimates are done for very large rapidities. The correlation strength results weakly depending on energy and centrality or nuclear size, and generically greater than unity. Finally, we turn to the Color Glass Condensate framework. For a saturated projectile and considering the most feasible experimental situation of forward and backward rapidity windows symmetric around the center-of-mass, the resulting correlation strength turns out to be larger than unity and shows a non-monotonic behavior with increasing energy, first increasing and then decreasing to a limiting value. Its behavior with increasing centrality or nuclear size depends on the considered rapidity windows.
description: 17 pages, LaTeX, 6 eps figures included using graphicx; v2: error in the CGC formula corrected, conclusions of the corresponding section changed accordingly
Additional file 1 of A checklist-based method for improving COPD care for the elderly in general practice: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial using electronic health records
Creators: name: Kowalczyk, Anna
name: Zakowska, Izabela
name: Andrzejewska, Ewa
name: Kosiek, Katarzyna
name: Maciek Godycki-Cwirko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. GP COPD checklist.
Spin-polarized tunneling through randomly transparent magnetic junctions: Reentrant magnetoresistance approaching the Julliere limit
Creators: name: Tkachov, Grigory
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron conductance in planar magnetic tunnel junctions with long-range barrier disorder is studied within Glauber-eikonal approximation enabling exact disorder ensemble averaging by means of the Holtsmark-Markov method. This allows us to address a hitherto unexplored regime of the tunneling magnetoresistance effect characterized by the crossover from momentum-conserving to random tunneling as a function of the defect concentration. We demonstrate that such a crossover results in a reentrant magnetoresistance: It goes through a pronounced minimum before reaching disorder- and geometry-independent Julliere's value at high defect concentrations.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, derivation of Eq. (39) added, errors in Ref. 7 corrected