cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The impact of influenza on the behaviour of lung basal cells
Creators: name: Shearer, Patrick Douglas Albert
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2024

description: Influenza is the cause of 5 million infections globally, resulting in around 500,000 deaths each year. Despite targeted anti-viral drugs and vaccines, influenza viruses are poorly controlled and pose a particular threat to those who suffer chronic diseases. During infection, virus and immune-mediated damage destroys the airway structure needed for gas exchange and repairing this damage is essential for survival. Lung repair is driven by activation of progenitor cells, but how they carry out this repair is not well understood. Lung progenitors are difficult to study as they are a rare cell type in the lung, and the protocols for lung digest are not optimised for recovery of progenitors. We developed a new protocol for increasing the yield of progenitors from mouse lung tissue and used published transcriptomics data sets to identify progenitor cells in silico. We aimed to understand how the composition of the lung was changed during damage, so we infected mice with influenza A virus and studied how the behaviour of the epithelial progenitors changed. We found the composition of the lung changes during the peak and recovery phases of influenza. This change in composition correlates with increased activation and proliferation of progenitors and we show that this is accompanied by a change in cell metabolism, particularly an increase in glycolysis. We found that upper airway basal cells rely on IL-10 signalling to initiate this activation, and we suggest that the immunoregulatory response is necessary to initiate basal cell activation. We considered that lung basal cells might be changed by direct interaction with influenza viruses and using novel, fluorescent influenza A virus, we show that a subset of lung basal cells are directly infected by influenza virus but survive. Direct infection triggers an increase in stress, and further increases in glycolytic metabolism. We suggest this metabolic adaption of epithelial progenitors is a critical step in initiating lung repair after damage, and the stress seen in directly infected cells could result in improper dysplastic repair. Our data support the proposal that new treatments for respiratory diseases could consider targeting mechanisms of repair. Improving how the host repairs damage could not only be effective alongside drugs and vaccines in treating acute infections like influenza, but also in resolving chronic inflammatory such as COPD.
B=P double bonds relieved from steric encumbrance: matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy of the phosphaborene F2B–P=BF and the triradical B=PF3
Creators: name: Wen, Mei
name: Medel, Robert
name: Zasimov, Pavel V.
name: Müller, Carsten
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: free phosphaborenes
subject: labile boron–phosphorus double bond
subject: extensive steric shielding
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Free phosphaborenes have a labile boron–phosphorus double bond and therefore require extensive steric shielding by bulky substituents to prevent isomerisation and oligomerisation. In the present work, the small free phosphaborene F2B–P=BF was isolated by matrix-isolation techniques and was characterised by infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum-chemical methods. In contrast to its sterically hindered relatives, this small phosphaborene exhibits an acute BPB angle of 83° at the CCSD(T) level. An alternative orbital structure for the B=P double bond is found in the triradical B=PF3, the direct adduct of laser-ablated atomic B and PF3. The single-bonded isomer F2B–PF and the dimer F3P–B[three-bound]B–PF3 are also tentatively assigned.
Introducing AFS ([Al(SO3F)3]x) – a thermally stable, readily available, and catalytically active solid Lewis superacid
Creators: name: Schlögl, Johanna
name: Goldammer, Ole
name: Bader, Julia
name: Emmerling, Franziska
name: Riedel, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: common Lewis superacids
subject: low thermal stability
subject: complicated synthetic protocols
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Common Lewis superacids often suffer from low thermal stability or complicated synthetic protocols, requiring multi-step procedures and expensive starting materials. This prevents their large-scale application. Herein, the easy and comparably cheap synthesis of high-purity aluminium tris(fluorosulfate) ([Al(SO3F)3]x, AFS) is presented. All starting materials are commercially available and no work-up is required. The superacidity of this thermally stable, polymeric Lewis acid is demonstrated using both theoretical and experimental methods. Furthermore, its synthetic and catalytic applicability, e.g. in bond heterolysis reactions and C–F bond activations, is shown.
A medical language for climate discourse
Creators: name: Forgács, Bálint
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: climate change
subject: metaphor
subject: figurative language
subject: communication
subject: discourse
subject: policy
subject: climate communication
subject: scientific communication
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Innovative communication theories propose that we understand messages not by decoding their meaning but by inferring what speakers intend to express. However scientifically accurate the messages climate scientists have put forward, the appropriate inferences may not have been drawn by most of their audiences. One of the main reasons may be that scientific metaphors allow for multiple interpretations, yet, because of their expressive power, they impact discourses disproportionately. Climate communication took a path of euphemistic scientific expressions partially due to the noble scientific norms of self-restraint and modesty, but the hidden implications of climate jargon distort the way non-experts think about the heating climate. Consequently, the current climate jargon hinders informed decisions about Earth’s life support systems. Changing the softened expressions of climate language, from the cool of basic research to the heat and compassion of medical contexts, may allow for more productive public and political debates – which may lead to more powerful policy solutions. Speaking and thinking in medical terms could turn the perception of worst case scenarios from hypotheticals or doomism to life-saving interventions. We typically start reducing fever before it gets out of control, let alone crosses a threshold of potential death. Instead of putting on a positivist mascara, a calm and serious discussion of safety measures in medical terms, for example, talking about climatic tipping cascades as metastases, could foster a more honest evaluation of the required legal and regulatory steps to keep our home planet habitable.
Encaumaptera stigmata
Creators: name: Ahmad, Jalil
name: Joshi, Rahul
name: Singh, Navneet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Metarbelidae
Encaumaptera
Encaumaptera stigmata

description: 1. Encaumaptera stigmata (Hampson, 1891: 66)
Brachylia
= Phragmataecia stigmatus Hampson, 1891 (misspell.).
Type locality: Nilgiris [India].
Distribution in India: Tamil Nadu. Global records: Sri Lanka (Yakovlev & Zolotuhin 2020).
description: Published as part of Ahmad, Jalil, Joshi, Rahul & Singh, Navneet, 2023, An updated Catalogue of Cossoidea (Lepidoptera) from India, pp. 301-348 in Zootaxa 5330 (3) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8254738
Color-aware Deep Temporal Backdrop Duplex Matting System
Creators: name: Hachmann, Hendriken
name: Rosenhahn, Bodo
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Alpha Matting
subject: Color Spill
subject: Neural Networks
subject: Virtual Reality
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: Deep learning-based alpha matting showed tremendous improvements in recent years, yet, feature film production studios still rely on classical chroma keying including costly post-production steps. This perceived discrepancy can be explained by some missing links necessary for production which are currently not adequately addressed in the alpha matting community, in particular foreground color estimation or color spill compensation. We propose a neural network-based temporal multi-backdrop production system that combines beneficial features from chroma keying and alpha matting. Given two consecutive frames with different background colors, our one-encoder-dual-decoder network predicts foreground colors and alpha values using a patch-based overlap-blend approach. The system is able to handle imprecise backdrops, dynamic cameras, and dynamic foregrounds and has no restrictions on foreground colors. We compare our method to state-of-the-art algorithms using benchmark datasets and a video sequence captured by a demonstrator setup. We verify that a dual backdrop input is superior to the usually applied trimap-based approach. In addition, the proposed studio set is actor friendly, and produces high-quality, temporal consistent alpha and color estimations that include a superior color spill compensation.
Improving Generalization for Multimodal Fake News Detection
Creators: name: Tahmasebi, Sahar
name: Hakimov, Sherzod
name: Ewerth, Ralph
name: Müller-Budack, Eric
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimodal fake news detection
subject: social media
subject: news analytics
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: The increasing proliferation of misinformation and its alarming impact have motivated both industry and academia to develop approaches for fake news detection. However, state-of-the-art approaches are usually trained on datasets of smaller size or with a limited set of specific topics. As a consequence, these models lack generalization capabilities and are not applicable to real-world data. In this paper, we propose three models that adopt and fine-tune state-of-the-art multimodal transformers for multimodal fake news detection. We conduct an in-depth analysis by manipulating the input data aimed to explore models performance in realistic use cases on social media. Our study across multiple models demonstrates that these systems suffer significant performance drops against manipulated data. To reduce the bias and improve model generalization, we suggest training data augmentation to conduct more meaningful experiments for fake news detection on social media. The proposed data augmentation techniques enable models to generalize better and yield improved state-of-the-art results.
Amtliches Verzeichnis der Lehrer, Beamten und Studierenden an der Königlich-Bayerischen Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München 1895-96; 1985
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 1985

description: Textfreie Seiten wurden entfernt.
Ghatarbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin 2021
Creators: name: Ahmad, Jalil
name: Joshi, Rahul
name: Singh, Navneet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Metarbelidae
Ghatarbela

description: Genus Ghatarbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, 2021: 104
Type species: Ghatarbela bifidunca Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, 2021: 104.
description: Published as part of Ahmad, Jalil, Joshi, Rahul & Singh, Navneet, 2023, An updated Catalogue of Cossoidea (Lepidoptera) from India, pp. 301-348 in Zootaxa 5330 (3) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8254738
Combating Advanced Persistent Threats: Challenges and Solutions
Creators: name: Wang, Yuntao
name: Liu, Han
name: Li, Zhendong
name: Su, Zhou
name: Li, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rise of advanced persistent threats (APTs) has marked a significant cybersecurity challenge, characterized by sophisticated orchestration, stealthy execution, extended persistence, and targeting valuable assets across diverse sectors. Provenance graph-based kernel-level auditing has emerged as a promising approach to enhance visibility and traceability within intricate network environments. However, it still faces challenges including reconstructing complex lateral attack chains, detecting dynamic evasion behaviors, and defending smart adversarial subgraphs. To bridge the research gap, this paper proposes an efficient and robust APT defense scheme leveraging provenance graphs, including a network-level distributed audit model for cost-effective lateral attack reconstruction, a trust-oriented APT evasion behavior detection strategy, and a hidden Markov model based adversarial subgraph defense approach. Through prototype implementation and extensive experiments, we validate the effectiveness of our system. Lastly, crucial open research directions are outlined in this emerging field.
description: This work has been accepted by IEEE NETWORK in April 2024. 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Demonstrating MATE and COCOA for Data Discovery
Creators: name: Becktepe, Jannis
name: Esmailoghli, Mahdi
name: Koch, Maximilian
name: Abedjan, Ziawasch
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: data discovery for ml
subject: data integration
subject: index structures
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: One of the common use cases for data discovery is to enrich a given table with additional columns from related tables inside a data lake. We have recently introduced MATE and COCOA, two systems for joinability discovery and correlation calculation, respectively. By leveraging two novel index structures, a hash-based Super Key Index, and an Order Index, our system is capable of efficiently identifying tables that join on multiple columns and contain relevant features. We show how the data exploration and enrichment process benefits from our index structures by demonstrating MaCo, a unified system on top of open web and large table corpora.
Remobilization of Ni–Co–As and platinum-group elements by carbonate metasomatic alteration (listvenitization) of metaultramafic rocks from Dobšiná, Slovakia
Creators: name: Kiefer, Stefan
name: Ivan, Peter
name: Kaufmann, Andreas B.
name: Vďačný, Marek
name: Majzlan, Juraj
Publisher: name: Bratislava : Slovak Academic Press
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: hydrothermal processes
subject: metal release
subject: platinum-group elements
subject: geochemistry
subject: sulfides
subject: sulfarsenides
subject: Dobšiná
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Hydrothermal processes are mainly responsible for the release and accumulation of metals and metalloids in rocks. In this work, we investigated the mineralogy and geochemistry of altered metaultramafic rocks (listvenites) that are spatially associated with Ni–Co ores near Dobšiná aiming to identify the sources of the elements in the hydrothermal Ni–Co-mineralization. Optical microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and laser-ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry were used to correlate the mineralogy with the degree of rock alteration. The sulfides and silicates in the meta-ultramafic rocks host rare, tiny inclusions of cooperite (nominally PtS), sperrylite (PtAs2), Pty–Pd–Ir–Te phase, and Pt–Au–Cr-alloy. The results show that the metaultramafic rocks were the source of Ni and Co and that platinum-group elements (PGE) were also leached and mobilized from the metaultramafic rocks. LA-ICP-MS scans show that the sulfarsenides in the metaultramafic rocks host submicrometer inclusions of PGE minerals but the hydrothermal Ni–Co sulfarsenides contain much less PGE’s. These observations document the limited mobility of the PGE‘s. Changes in the sulfide mineralogy as a function of degree of alteration suggest that the fluids brought Fe and S, and probably a substantial amount of As whereas the metaultramafic rocks supplied Ni, Co, PGE, and perhaps also some As.
Predicting the effects of environmental variation on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population dynamics
Creators: name: Morris, Olivia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2024

description: Rapid environmental change is causing dramatic declines in marine and freshwater fish populations across the globe. Atlantic salmon populations, which have a life cycle that spans both marine and freshwater ecosystems, have declined by around 70% in the last 25 years. Understanding the factors that drive Atlantic salmon population dynamics are crucial to ultimately mitigate these declines. Within this thesis, we develop a novel mechanistic model by combining the Metabolic Theory of Ecology with Integral Projection Models, giving a Metabolic IPM (termed MIPM). In Chapter 2, we develop the MIPM and derive the thermal performance curve of Atlantic salmon population fitness, independently predicting the thermal niche across their geographical range. We find that under future global warming scenarios, the fitness of many populations will be negatively impacted, compounded by resource supply and thermal fluctuations. In Chapter 3, we evaluate the value of existing population data and compare different possible expansions to better inform the MIPM. We find that sampling in an additional month during the field season has greater power in uncovering model parameters, compared to deploying the same field effort to generate a longer time series, or more intensive sampling according to current practices. Finally, in Chapter, 4 we investigate the drivers of existing populations by comparing empirical juvenile Atlantic salmon data from populations that span their latitudinal distribution. We find that temperature is a governing factor, however, temperature-independent resource availability plays a significant role, having implications on the fitness of populations and the ability to adapt to climate change. Overall, our results provide novel insights from a model that can capture environmental constraints on Atlantic salmon populations, and we hope that our results can be used to better inform management programmes. Furthermore, our modelling framework is adaptable for predicting the impacts of environmental change on other focal species.
Volarisation of Brewer’s spent grain for noodles preparation and its potential assessment against obesity
Creators: name: Anisha, Anisha
name: Kaushik, Deepika
name: Kumar, Mukul
name: Kumar, Ashwani
name: Esatbeyoglu, Tuba
name: Proestos, Charalampos
name: Khan, Mohammad Rizwan
name: Elobeid, Tahra
name: Kaur, Jasjit
name: Oz, Fatih
Publisher: name: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Amylase assay
subject: Brewer’s spent grain
subject: lipase assay
subject: noodles
subject: obesity
subject: value-added product
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: Brewer's spent grain is the most prevalent low-cost by-product of brewing industry, contributing to about 85% of all by-products produced. It is of interest for food industry applications because of its high nutritional value (fibres, protein and bioactive substances). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different brewer's spent grain composition usage on various quality criteria of noodles as well as to investigate the possible usage opportunities and assessments of them in the production of noodles against obesity. For this purpose, noodle production was carried out using five different compositions of brewer's spent grain barley, barley and wheat, barley and rice, barley and maize, barley and finger millets, all at different concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Various quality criteria of the noodles were determined. Noodles made with the addition of barley and maize spent grains were found to be high in physio-chemical and nutritional properties, and amylase and lipase inhibition assay. Concentration above 15% of spent grains affected the texture of the noodles. From the sensory evaluation, 10% concentration of barley and maize noodles was selected as it had good texture, colour and appearance. It was comparatively good in taste and aroma from other samples.
Polyphenols in Nature
Creators: name: Mohd. Adil Tahseen, Adnan Raza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Phenolic compounds are a broad class of secondary metabolites found in many higher plant organs, includingfruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and spices. They are also involved in a variety of physiologicalprocesses, including stress resistance, plant quality, color, and flavor. The anti-inflammatory,anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, and natural antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds are currently afocus of much research and application. Several types of phenolic compounds share a common chemicalstructure consisting of an aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl substituents. Flavonoids, phenolic acids,tannins, stilbenes, and lignans are the primary families of phenolic compounds. The SLE, SFE, UAE, MAE,ESE, and PLE are examples of advanced extraction techniques. While non-conventional technologies canprovide greater extraction efficiency in terms of cost, yield, extraction time, and/or selectivity, conventionalextraction methods are relatively straightforward and frequently employed for separating plant phenolicchemicals. HPLC is one of the most advantageous analytical techniques, particularly when used inconjunction with extremely sensitive detectors (like MS). All things considered, the scientific community isstill very interested in the biological potential of several naturally occurring plant phenolic chemicals. Despiteall of those developments, there is still a significant lack of information regarding the phytochemicals thatare responsible for the biological potential, their modes of action, how to build therapeutic and preventativedosages, and even whether biochemical interactions occur.
Hypselostoma sichang Gojšina & Hunyadi & Sutcharit & Tongkerd & Auffenberg & Grego & Vermeulen & Reischütz & Páll-Gergely 2025, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gojšina, Vukašin
name: Hunyadi, András
name: Sutcharit, Chirasak
name: Tongkerd, Piyoros
name: Auffenberg, Kurt
name: Grego, Jozef
name: Vermeulen, Jaap J.
name: Reischütz, Alexander
name: Páll-Gergely, Barna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Hypselostomatidae
Hypselostoma
Hypselostoma sichang

description: Hypselostoma sichang (Panha & J. B. Burch, 2002) comb. nov.
Figs 186 L, 209, 210, 223
Anauchen sichang Panha & Burch, 2002 e: 21, fig. 2.
Gyliotrachela sichang — Panha and Burch 2008: 80, fig. 69; Dumrongrojwattana and Wongkamhaeng 2024: 324, fig. 8.
Type material examined.
Thailand • holotype; 2001; S. Panha leg.; CUMZ 44001 • 2 paratypes; from the type locality; 2001; S. Panha leg.; SMF 331463.
Additional material examined.
Thailand • 10 shells; Sa Kaeo Province, Wang Sombun district, vicinity of Tham Khoa Phlapphueng Thong; 13°26.873'N, 102°13.071'E; 06 Mar. 2023; A. Hunyadi leg.; coll. HA.
Type locality.
“ Sichang island, Si Racha, Chon Buri Province, 13°20′05″N, 100°55′24″E, 70 meters elevation ” (Thailand).
Differential diagnosis.
This species is similar to H. hungerfordianum from which it can be separated by the much stronger and lower peripheral keel, very rough, sandpaper-like shell surface sculpture as well as the narrower umbilicus. See also under H. vesovici sp. nov.
Distribution.
This species is, apart from the type locality, known from one more sampling site in Sa Kaeo Province.
description: Published as part of Gojšina, Vukašin, Hunyadi, András, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros, Auffenberg, Kurt, Grego, Jozef, Vermeulen, Jaap J., Reischütz, Alexander & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2025, A new start? Revision of the genera Anauchen, Bensonella, Gyliotrachela and Hypselostoma (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Hypselostomatidae) of Southeast Asia with description of 46 new species, pp. 1-338 in ZooKeys 1235 on pages 1-338, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1235.145281
Natural resource extraction and ethnic inequality in Dak Lak, Vietnam
Creators: name: Bierkamp, Sina
name: Nguyen, Trung Thanh
name: Grote, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Cambrige, UK : Cambridge University Press
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: endogenous switching regression
subject: ethnic inequality
subject: natural resource extraction
subject: Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition
subject: Vietnam
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::320 | Politik

description: Natural resource extraction is an important livelihood strategy for poor rural households in developing and emerging countries. Despite the sharp decline in poverty in Vietnam, inequality still exists between the ethnic majority and minority. This paper aims to analyze the impact of natural resource extraction on ethnic inequality. We use panel data from Dak Lak in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition shows that ethnic differences in extraction are due to different group characteristics and different returns to these characteristics. Endogenous switching regressions find that extraction has heterogeneous effects on consumption across extracting and non-extracting households, and between majority and minority households. Treatment effects suggest that extraction sustains the consumption of extracting minority households because their consumption would decline if they stopped extracting. Our results indicate that it is important to improve the natural resource base and the ability of minorities to cope with shocks.
Machine Learning Techniques for Intermediate Mass Gap Lepton Partner Searches at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Dutta, Bhaskar
name: Ghosh, Tathagata
name: Horne, Alyssa
name: Kumar, Jason
name: Palmer, Sean
name: Sandick, Pearl
name: Snedeker, Marcus
name: Stengel, Patrick
name: Walker, Joel W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider machine learning techniques associated with the application of a Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) to searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for pair-produced lepton partners which decay to leptons and invisible particles. This scenario can arise in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), but can be realized in many other extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We focus on the case of intermediate mass splitting ($\sim 30~{\rm GeV}$) between the dark matter (DM) and the scalar. For these mass splittings, the LHC has made little improvement over LEP due to large electroweak backgrounds. We find that the use of machine learning techniques can push the LHC well past discovery sensitivity for a benchmark model with a lepton partner mass of $\sim 110~{\rm GeV}$, for an integrated luminosity of $300~{\rm fb}^{-1}$, with a signal-to-background ratio of $\sim 0.3$. The LHC could exclude models with a lepton partner mass as large as $\sim 160~{\rm GeV}$ with the same luminosity. The use of machine learning techniques in searches for scalar lepton partners at the LHC could thus definitively probe the parameter space of the MSSM in which scalar muon mediated interactions between SM muons and Majorana singlet DM can both deplete the relic density through dark matter annihilation and satisfy the recently measured anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. We identify several machine learning techniques which can be useful in other LHC searches involving large and complex backgrounds.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, and 4 tables; V2 as published in PRD
A Prototype-Based Framework to Design Scalable Heterogeneous SoCs with Fine-Grained DFS
Creators: name: Montanaro, Gabriele
name: Galimberti, Andrea
name: Zoni, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Frameworks for the agile development of modern system-on-chips are crucial to dealing with the complexity of designing such architectures. The open-source Vespa framework for designing large, FPGA-based, multi-core heterogeneous system-on-chips enables a faster and more flexible design space exploration of such architectures and their run-time optimization. Vespa, built on ESP, introduces the capabilities to instantiate multiple replicas of the same accelerator in a single network-on-chip node and to partition the system-on-chips into frequency islands with independent dynamic frequency scaling actuators, as well as a dedicated run-time monitoring infrastructure. Experiments on 4-by-4 tile-based system-on-chips demonstrate the possibility of effectively exploring a multitude of solutions that differ in the replication of accelerators, the clock frequencies of the frequency islands, and the tiles' placement, as well as monitoring a variety of statistics related to the traffic on the interconnect and the accelerators' performance at run time.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Automatic Power Factor Correction of Distribution Feeder in Calabar Metropolis (A Case Study of Federal Housing Feeder)
Creators: name: Okachi, Simeon
name: Vincent Ogar, Ogar
name: Sampson Akem, Bendor
name: Nkpeh, Emmanuen
name: Ijeoma Ene, Eunice
name: Godwin, ACHA
name: peter Obodo, Ugochukwu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400802
subject: Electrical circuits and systems

description: The issue of inconsistent and poor quality power supply has continue to post great challenges in the power sector and the end users due to excessive wastage of power (current). An automatic power factor correction method is one of the most important parts of this study and in order to analyze power system operation. This paper gives an over view of Load Flow conditions of the state housing feeder line and substations components, Load Flow study showing various substations load flow profile problems. Moreover it tells us the comparison between the different substations or load buses and how the capacitor bank automatic power factor correction can be introduced into the network to improve the performance of the state housing feeder line. Also the need and objectives of automatic power factor correction studies. Power factor studies of system constitutes as a study of predominant importance. In the power factor analysis and correction of this research real time data were sourced from the Port Harcourt Electricity Distribution Company (PHEDC) and was used to model the entire network with all the generators, loads and transmission lines. Power flow equation is formulated and calculations were carried out to determine the actual capacitor bank-rating that was used for the automatic power factor correction model.The paper also compares some other methods of power factor correction such as; by using synchronous condenser and by using phase advancer. The “ideal” power factor is one (also referred to as “unity”). This is when there is no reactive power through the circuit, and hence apparent power (kVA) is equal to real power (kW). A load with a power factor of 1 is the most efficient loading of the supply.Hence, this work uses the Automatic power factor correction with capacitor banks. We'll have a review of some research work of this paper. Based on the analysis proposed, using advanced computational methods derived from decision support system and next grid optimization techniques that are capable of handling stochastic and dynamic systems, new grid infrastructure is proposed. The study also suggests activities that facilitate the national roadmap for developing the future flexible grid.
Streaming Anchor Loss: Augmenting Supervision with Temporal Significance
Creators: name: Sarawgi, Utkarsh Oggy
name: Berkowitz, John
name: Garg, Vineet
name: Kundu, Arnav
name: Cho, Minsik
name: Buddi, Sai Srujana
name: Adya, Saurabh
name: Tewfik, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; I.5.1; I.5.4; I.6.5

description: Streaming neural network models for fast frame-wise responses to various speech and sensory signals are widely adopted on resource-constrained platforms. Hence, increasing the learning capacity of such streaming models (i.e., by adding more parameters) to improve the predictive power may not be viable for real-world tasks. In this work, we propose a new loss, Streaming Anchor Loss (SAL), to better utilize the given learning capacity by encouraging the model to learn more from essential frames. More specifically, our SAL and its focal variations dynamically modulate the frame-wise cross entropy loss based on the importance of the corresponding frames so that a higher loss penalty is assigned for frames within the temporal proximity of semantically critical events. Therefore, our loss ensures that the model training focuses on predicting the relatively rare but task-relevant frames. Experimental results with standard lightweight convolutional and recurrent streaming networks on three different speech based detection tasks demonstrate that SAL enables the model to learn the overall task more effectively with improved accuracy and latency, without any additional data, model parameters, or architectural changes.
description: Published at IEEE ICASSP 2024, please see https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10447222
title: Avoiding unnecessary information loss: correct and efficient model synchronization based on triple graph grammars
Creators: name: Fritsche, Lars
name: Kosiol, Jens
name: Schürr, Andy
name: Taentzer, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2024

description: Model synchronization, i.e., the task of restoring consistency between two interrelated models after a model change, is a challenging task. Triple graph grammars (TGGs) specify model consistency by means of rules that describe how to create consistent pairs of models. These rules can be used to automatically derive further rules, which describe how to propagate changes from one model to the other or how to change one model in such a way that propagation is guaranteed to be possible. Restricting model synchronization to these derived rules, however, may lead to unnecessary deletion and recreation of model elements during change propagation. This is inefficient and may cause unnecessary information loss, i.e., when deleted elements contain information that is not represented in the second model, this information cannot be recovered easily. Short-cut rules have recently been developed to avoid unnecessary information loss by reusing existing model elements. In this paper, we show how to automatically derive (short-cut) repair rules from short-cut rules to propagate changes such that information loss is avoided and model synchronization is accelerated. The key ingredients of our rule-based model synchronization process are these repair rules and an incremental pattern matcher informing about suitable applications of them. We prove the termination and the correctness of this synchronization process and discuss its completeness. As a proof of concept, we have implemented this synchronization process in eMoflon, a state-of-the-art model transformation tool with inherent support of bidirectionality. Our evaluation shows that repair processes based on (short-cut) repair rules have considerably decreased information loss and improved performance compared to former model synchronization processes based on TGGs.
Ghatarbela bifidunca Yakovlev & Zolotuhin 2021
Creators: name: Ahmad, Jalil
name: Joshi, Rahul
name: Singh, Navneet
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Metarbelidae
Ghatarbela
Ghatarbela bifidunca

description: 2. Ghatarbela bifidunca Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, 2021: 104
Type locality: S. India, Kerala, 7 km N Munnar, Eravikulam Nat. Park, 1740 m, 10°09N 77°04E [India].
Distribution in India: South India, Kerala (Western Ghats) (Yakovlev & Zolotuhin 2021). Global records: not known.
description: Published as part of Ahmad, Jalil, Joshi, Rahul & Singh, Navneet, 2023, An updated Catalogue of Cossoidea (Lepidoptera) from India, pp. 301-348 in Zootaxa 5330 (3) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8254738
Investigating respondents’ willingness to participate in video-based web surveys
Creators: name: Höhne, Jan Karem
name: Ziller, Conrad
name: Lenzner, Timo
Publisher: name: Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: automatic question reading
subject: non-probability panel
subject: self-recording answers
subject: respondent willingness
subject: survey devices
subject: web surveys
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: Recent developments in communication technology and changes in people’s communication habits facilitate new data collection forms in web surveys. Technical devices, such as computers, tablets, and smartphones, enable researchers to rethink established communication forms and add a human touch to web surveys. Designing web surveys more human-like has the great potential to make communication between researchers and respondents more natural, which may result in higher survey satisfaction and data quality. Considering the existing survey literature, there are only a few studies investigating respondents’ willingness for new communication forms in web surveys. Hence, in the present study, we explore respondents’ willingness to take part in web surveys to have interviewers read questions via pre-recorded videos (question delivery) and in which respondents provide their answers orally via self-recorded videos (question answering). We included two willingness questions – one on question delivery via pre-recorded videos and one on question answering via self-recorded videos – in the non-probability SoSci panel in Germany. The results reveal that respondents’ willingness to have questions read by interviewers is higher than their willingness to self-record video answers. Believing that technology facilitates communication and perceiving the survey as being interesting increases willingness, whereas evaluating the survey topic as sensitive decreases willingness. Personality traits do not play a role when it comes to respondents’ willingness, except for extraversion.
Error-mitigated fermionic classical shadows on noisy quantum devices
Creators: name: Wu, Bujiao
name: Koh, Dax Enshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficiently estimating fermionic Hamiltonian expectation values is vital for simulating various physical systems. Classical shadow (CS) algorithms offer a solution by reducing the number of quantum state copies needed, but noise in quantum devices poses challenges. We propose an error-mitigated CS algorithm assuming gate-independent, time-stationary, and Markovian (GTM) noise. For $n$-qubit systems, our algorithm, which employs the easily prepared initial state $|0^n\rangle\!\langle 0^n|$ assumed to be noiseless, efficiently estimates $k$-RDMs with $\widetilde{\mathcal O}(kn^k)$ state copies and $\widetilde{\mathcal O}(\sqrt{n})$ calibration measurements for GTM noise with constant fidelities. We show that our algorithm is robust against noise types like depolarizing, damping, and $X$-rotation noise with constant strengths, showing scalings akin to prior CS algorithms for fermions but with better noise resilience. Numerical simulations confirm our algorithm's efficacy in noisy settings, suggesting its viability for near-term quantum devices.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures
Converging pathways: structured visual representations with multi-task learning
Creators: name: Liu, Shikun
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: Human cognition is inherently adept at concurrently managing multiple tasks, and efficiently leveraging past experiences to acquire new skills. In machine learning, multi-task learning is the learning paradigm that seeks to emulate this cognitive capability by learning shared features from related tasks to improve training efficiency. However, the straightforward application of multi-task learning may lead to sub-optimal performance, owing to the variations in task-specific complexity and distinct training objectives. In this thesis, we conduct a comprehensive investigation of multi-task learning within the domain of computer vision, resulting in novel solutions in multi-task learning for constructing structured visual representations --- a foundational building block for a wide range of applications, spanning from visual perception and object recognition to vision-based control and reasoning. Our research includes a spectrum of training strategies and optimisation methods, all intricately designed to enhance the efficacy of structured visual representations. Specifically, we delve into three critical dimensions: i) the design strategy of harnessing multi-task relationships to improve computer vision model performance, ii) the creation of auxiliary tasks to improve computer vision model generalisation, and iii) the utilisation of multi-task knowledge within pre-trained experts to improve open-ended visual reasoning. We introduce a series of multi-task learning frameworks to address these research questions and showcase their effectiveness in improving the generalisation, training efficiency, and interpretability of computer vision systems. Through this comprehensive exploration of multi-task learning and its implications, we aim to contribute to the development of more intelligent and versatile systems for challenging real-world applications.
Systematic Design and Optimization of Quantum Circuits for Stabilizer Codes
Creators: name: Mondal, Arijit
name: Parhi, Keshab K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Quantum computing is an emerging technology that has the potential to achieve exponential speedups over their classical counterparts. To achieve quantum advantage, quantum principles are being applied to fields such as communications, information processing, and artificial intelligence. However, quantum computers face a fundamental issue since quantum bits are extremely noisy and prone to decoherence. Keeping qubits error free is one of the most important steps towards reliable quantum computing. Different stabilizer codes for quantum error correction have been proposed in past decades and several methods have been proposed to import classical error correcting codes to the quantum domain. However, formal approaches towards the design and optimization of circuits for these quantum encoders and decoders have so far not been proposed. In this paper, we propose a formal algorithm for systematic construction of encoding circuits for general stabilizer codes. This algorithm is used to design encoding and decoding circuits for an eight-qubit code. Next, we propose a systematic method for the optimization of the encoder circuit thus designed. Using the proposed method, we optimize the encoding circuit in terms of the number of 2-qubit gates used. The proposed optimized eight-qubit encoder uses 18 CNOT gates and 4 Hadamard gates, as compared to 14 single qubit gates, 33 2-qubit gates, and 6 CCNOT gates in a prior work. The encoder and decoder circuits are verified using IBM Qiskit. We also present optimized encoder circuits for Steane code and a 13-qubit code in terms of the number of gates used.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2309.11793
AutoML in heavily constrained applications
Creators: name: Neutatz, Felix
name: Lindauer, Marius
name: Abedjan, Ziawasch
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg ; New York : Springer
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: AutoML
subject: Constraints
subject: Meta-Learning
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik

description: Optimizing a machine learning pipeline for a task at hand requires careful configuration of various hyperparameters, typically supported by an AutoML system that optimizes the hyperparameters for the given training dataset. Yet, depending on the AutoML system’s own second-order meta-configuration, the performance of the AutoML process can vary significantly. Current AutoML systems cannot automatically adapt their own configuration to a specific use case. Further, they cannot compile user-defined application constraints on the effectiveness and efficiency of the pipeline and its generation. In this paper, we propose Caml, which uses meta-learning to automatically adapt its own AutoML parameters, such as the search strategy, the validation strategy, and the search space, for a task at hand. The dynamic AutoML strategy of Caml takes user-defined constraints into account and obtains constraint-satisfying pipelines with high predictive performance.
A circulatory loop: the reciprocal relationship of organizations, digitalization, and gender
Creators: name: Baumgart, Lene
name: Boos, Pauline
name: Braunsmann, Katharina
Publisher: name: Lisbon : Cogitatio Press
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: digitalization
subject: gender bias
subject: gender inequalities
subject: organizations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: In the digitalization debate, gender biases in digital technologies play a significant role because of their potential for social exclusion and inequality. It is therefore remarkable that organizations as drivers of digitalization and as places for social integration have been widely overlooked so far. Simultaneously, gender biases and digitalization have structurally immanent connections to organizations. Therefore, a look at the reciprocal relationship between organizations, digitalization, and gender is needed. The article provides answers to the question of whether and how organizations (re)produce, reinforce, or diminish gender-specific inequalities during their digital transformations. On the one hand, gender inequalities emerge when organizations use post-bureaucratic concepts through digitalization. On the other hand, gender inequalities are reproduced when organizations either program or implement digital technologies and fail to establish control structures that prevent gender biases. This article shows that digitalization can act as a catalyst for inequality-producing mechanisms, but also has the potential to mitigate inequalities. We argue that organizations must be considered when discussing the potential of exclusion through digitalization.