cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimal steering of matrix product states and quantum many-body scars
Creators: name: Ljubotina, Marko
name: Roos, Barbara
name: Abanin, Dmitry A.
name: Serbyn, Maksym
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ongoing development of quantum simulators allows for a progressively finer degree of control of quantum many-body systems. This motivates the development of efficient approaches to facilitate the control of such systems and enable the preparation of non-trivial quantum states. Here we formulate an approach to control quantum systems based on matrix product states~(MPS). We compare counter-diabatic and leakage minimization approaches to the so-called local steering problem, that consists in finding the best value of the control parameters for generating a unitary evolution of the specific MPS state in a given direction. In order to benchmark the different approaches, we apply them to the generalization of the PXP model known to exhibit coherent quantum dynamics due to quantum many-body scars. We find that the leakage-based approach generally outperforms the counter-diabatic framework and use it to construct a Floquet model with quantum scars. We perform the first steps towards global trajectory optimization and demonstrate entanglement steering capabilities in the generalized PXP model. Finally we apply our leakage minimization approach to construct quantum scars in the periodically driven non-integrable Ising model.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures
A semantic network-based evolutionary algorithm for computational creativity
Creators: name: Baydin, Atilim Gunes
name: de Mantaras, Ramon Lopez
name: Ontanon, Santiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.4; I.2.6; G.1.6; J.4; J.3
subject: 92D15, 91E40, 68T20, 68T30

description: We introduce a novel evolutionary algorithm (EA) with a semantic network-based representation. For enabling this, we establish new formulations of EA variation operators, crossover and mutation, that we adapt to work on semantic networks. The algorithm employs commonsense reasoning to ensure all operations preserve the meaningfulness of the networks, using ConceptNet and WordNet knowledge bases. The algorithm can be interpreted as a novel memetic algorithm (MA), given that (1) individuals represent pieces of information that undergo evolution, as in the original sense of memetics as it was introduced by Dawkins; and (2) this is different from existing MA, where the word "memetic" has been used as a synonym for local refinement after global optimization. For evaluating the approach, we introduce an analogical similarity-based fitness measure that is computed through structure mapping. This setup enables the open-ended generation of networks analogous to a given base network.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, revision after reviews, changed title
Delineating parton distributions and the strong coupling
Creators: name: Jimenez-Delgado, Pedro
name: Reya, Ewald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global fits for precision determinations of parton distributions, together with the highly correlated strong coupling $α_s$, are presented up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) of QCD utilizing most world data (charm and jet production data are used where theoretically possible), except TeVatron gauge boson production data and LHC data which are left for genuine predictions. This is done within the `dynamical' (valencelike input at $Q_0^2=0.8$ GeV$^2$) and `standard' (input at $Q_0^2=2$ GeV$^2$) approach. The stability and reliability of the results are ensured by including nonperturbative higher-twist terms, nuclear corrections as well as target mass corrections, and by applying various ($Q^2,W^2$) cuts on available data. In addition, the $Q_0^2$ dependence of the results is studied in detail. Predictions are given, in particular for LHC, on gauge and Higgs boson as well as for top-quark pair production. At NNLO the dynamical approach results in $α_s(M_Z^2)=0.1136\pm0.0004$, whereas the somewhat less constrained standard fit gives $α_s(M_Z^2)=0.1162\pm0.0006$.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
9 $\times$ 4 = 6 $\times$ 6: Understanding the quantum solution to the Euler's problem of 36 officers
Creators: name: Życzkowski, Karol
name: Bruzda, Wojciech
name: Rajchel-Mieldzioć, Grzegorz
name: Burchardt, Adam
name: Rather, Suhail Ahmad
name: Lakshminarayan, Arul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The famous combinatorial problem of Euler concerns an arrangement of $36$ officers from six different regiments in a $6 \times 6$ square array. Each regiment consists of six officers each belonging to one of six ranks. The problem, originating from Saint Petersburg, requires that each row and each column of the array contains only one officer of a given rank and given regiment. Euler observed that such a configuration does not exist. In recent work, we constructed a solution to a quantum version of this problem assuming that the officers correspond to quantum states and can be entangled. In this paper, we explain the solution which is based on a partition of 36 officers into nine groups, each with four elements. The corresponding quantum states are locally equivalent to maximally entangled two-qubit states, hence each officer is entangled with at most three out of his $35$ colleagues. The entire quantum combinatorial design involves $9$ Bell bases in nine complementary $4$-dimensional subspaces.
description: 26 pages
Non-perturbative approach for curvature perturbations in stochastic-$δN$ formalism
Creators: name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Tada, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our previous paper, we have proposed a new algorithm to calculate the power spectrum of the curvature perturbations generated in inflationary universe with use of the stochastic approach. Since this algorithm does not need the perturbative expansion with respect to the inflaton fields on super-horizon scale, it works even in highly stochastic cases. For example, when the curvature perturbations are very large or the non-Gaussianities of the curvature perturbations are sizable, the perturbative expansion may break down but our algorithm enables to calculate the curvature perturbations. We apply it to two well-known inflation models, chaotic and hybrid inflation, in this paper. Especially for hybrid inflation, while the potential is very flat around the critical point and the standard perturbative computation is problematic, we successfully calculate the curvature perturbations.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Testing synchrotron models and frequency resolution in BINGO 21 cm simulated maps using GNILC
Creators: name: de Mericia, Eduardo J.
name: Santos, Larissa
name: Wuensche, Carlos Alexandre
name: Liccardo, Vincenzo
name: Novaes, Camila P.
name: Delabrouille, Jacques
name: Remazeilles, Mathieu
name: Abdalla, Filipe
name: Feng, Chang
name: Barosi, Luciano
name: Queiroz, Amilcar
name: Villela, Thyrso
name: Wang, Bin
name: Zhang, Jiajun
name: Costa, Andre A.
name: Ferreira, Elisa G. M.
name: Landim, Ricardo G.
name: Marins, Alessandro
name: Santos, Marcelo V. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To recover the 21 cm hydrogen line, it is essential to separate the cosmological signal from the much stronger foreground contributions at radio frequencies. The BINGO radio telescope is designed to measure the 21 cm line and detect BAOs using the intensity mapping technique. This work analyses the performance of the GNILC method, combined with a power spectrum debiasing procedure. The method was applied to a simulated BINGO mission, building upon previous work from the collaboration. It compares two different synchrotron emission models and different instrumental configurations, in addition to the combination with ancillary data to optimize both the foreground removal and recovery of the 21 cm signal across the full BINGO frequency band, as well as to determine an optimal number of frequency bands for the signal recovery. We have produced foreground emissions maps using the Planck Sky Model, the cosmological Hi emission maps are generated using the FLASK package and thermal noise maps are created according to the instrumental setup. We apply the GNILC method to the simulated sky maps to separate the Hi plus thermal noise contribution and, through a debiasing procedure, recover an estimate of the noiseless 21 cm power spectrum. We found a near optimal reconstruction of the Hi signal using a 80 bins configuration, which resulted in a power spectrum reconstruction average error over all frequencies of 3%. Furthermore, our tests showed that GNILC is robust against different synchrotron emission models. Finally, adding an extra channel with CBASS foregrounds information, we reduced the estimation error of the 21 cm signal. The optimisation of our previous work, producing a configuration with an optimal number of channels for binning the data, impacts greatly the decisions regarding BINGO hardware configuration before commissioning.
description: Submitted to A&A
Regular and exceptional spectra of the two-qubit quantum Rabi model
Creators: name: Peng, Jie
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
name: Braak, Daniel
name: Guo, Guangjie
name: Ju, Guoxing
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Guo, Xiaoyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-qubit system is the foundation of constructing the universal quantum gate. We have studied the two-qubit Rabi model for the general case and its generalizations with dipole, XXX and XYZ Heisenberg qubit-qubit interactions, which are commonly used in quantum computation. Their solutions are presented analytically with eigenstates can be obtained in terms of extended coherent states or Fock states and applied to the construction of the ultrafast two-qubit quantum gate in circuit QED and quantum state storage and transfer. Some novel kinds of quasi-exact solutions are found for specific sets of parameters, causing level crossings within the same parity subspace, which do not appear in the regular spectrum, indicating its non-integrability. These eigenstates are very interesting for quantum computing and single photon experiments because they are formed by just a few Fock states, and in some cases, with at most one photon. They are also easy to prepare, since they exist for all qubit-photon coupling values with constant eigenenergy and the qubit energy splittings can be fine tuned in the experiment in contrast to the coupling.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 1 of Increased cognitive load in immersive virtual reality during visuomotor adaptation is associated with decreased long-term retention and context transfer
Creators: name: Juliano, Julia M.
name: Schweighofer, Nicolas
name: Liew, Sook-Lei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Statistical analysis and Cognitive load is greater acrossvisuomotor adaptation in HMD-VR compared to CS.
Dark energy from a geometrical gauge scalar-tensor theory of gravity
Creators: name: Aguilar, José Edgar Madriz
name: Montes, M.
name: Bernal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we obtain some cosmological solutions that describe the present period of accelerating expansion of the universe in the framework of a geometrical gauge scalar-tensor theory of gravity. The background geometry in the model is the Weyl integrable and we found a class of power law solutions for the Weyl scalar field when an invariant metric is employed in a power law expanding universe. We obtain a deceleration and an equation of state parameters in agreement with PLANCK 2018 observational data for some specific parameters of the model. The deceleration parameter tends asymptotically to $-1/2$.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review
Creators: name: Andrade, Mônica V.
name: Noronha, Kenya
name: Diniz, Bernardo P. C.
name: Guedes, Gilvan
name: Carvalho, Lucas R.
name: Silva, Valéria A.
name: Calazans, Júlia A.
name: Santos, André S.
name: Silva, Daniel N.
name: Castro, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. PECO search framework.
Moduli spaces of SO(8) instantons on smooth ALE spaces as Higgs branches of 4d N=2 supersymmetric theories
Creators: name: Tachikawa, Yuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The worldvolume theory of D3-branes probing four D7-branes and an O7-plane on $\mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_2$ is given by a supersymmetric USp x USp gauge theory. We demonstrate that, at least for a particular choice of the holonomy at infinity, we can go to a dual description of the gauge theory, where we can add a Fayet-Iliopoulos term describing the blowing-up of the orbifold to the smooth ALE space. This allows us to express the moduli space of SO(8) instantons on the smooth ALE space as a hyperkähler quotient of a flat space times the Higgs branch of a class S theory. We also discuss a generalization to $\mathbb{C}^2/\mathbb{Z}_{2n}$, and speculate how to extend the analysis to bigger SO groups and to ALE spaces of other types.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures; v2: additional references and minor changes; published version
Enhancing quantum cryptography with quantum dot single-photon sources
Creators: name: Bozzio, Mathieu
name: Vyvlecka, Michal
name: Cosacchi, Michael
name: Nawrath, Cornelius
name: Seidelmann, Tim
name: Loredo, Juan Carlos
name: Portalupi, Simone Luca
name: Axt, Vollrath Martin
name: Michler, Peter
name: Walther, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum cryptography harnesses quantum light, in particular single photons, to provide security guarantees that cannot be reached by classical means. For each cryptographic task, the security feature of interest is directly related to the photons' non-classical properties. Quantum dot-based single-photon sources are remarkable candidates, as they can in principle emit deterministically, with high brightness and low multiphoton contribution. Here, we show that these sources provide additional security benefits, thanks to the tunability of coherence in the emitted photon-number states. We identify the optimal optical pumping scheme for the main quantum-cryptographic primitives, and benchmark their performance with respect to Poisson-distributed sources such as attenuated laser states and down-conversion sources. In particular, we elaborate on the advantage of using phonon-assisted and two-photon excitation rather than resonant excitation for quantum key distribution and other primitives. The presented results will guide future developments in solid-state and quantum information science for photon sources that are tailored to quantum communication tasks.
Acausal measurement-based quantum computing
Creators: name: Morimae, Tomoyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the measurement-based quantum computing, there is a natural "causal cone" among qubits of the resource state, since the measurement angle on a qubit has to depend on previous measurement results in order to correct the effect of byproduct operators. If we respect the no-signaling principle, byproduct operators cannot be avoided. In this paper, we study the possibility of acausal measurement-based quantum computing by using the process matrix framework [O. Oreshkov, F. Costa, and C. Brukner, Nature Communications {\bf3}, 1092 (2012)]. We construct a resource process matrix for acausal measurement-based quantum computing. The resource process matrix is an analog of the resource state of the causal measurement-based quantum computing. We find that the resource process matrix is (up to a normalization factor and trivial ancilla qubits) equivalent to the decorated graph state created from the graph state of the corresponding causal measurement-based quantum computing.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
A Discrete Element Method model for frictional fibers
Creators: name: Crassous, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Discrete Element Method algorithm for the simulation of elastic fibers in frictional contacts. The fibers are modeled as chains of cylindrical segments connected to each other by springs taking into account elongation, bending and torsion forces. The frictional contacts between the cylinders are modeled using a Cundall and Strack model routinely used in granular material simulations. The physical scales for simulations, the determination and the tracking of contacts, and the algorithm are discussed. Tests on different situations involving few or many contact points are presented and compared to experiments or to theoretical predictions.
Generalized q-deformed Tamm-Dancoff oscillator algebra and associated coherent states
Creators: name: Chung, Won Sang
name: Hounkonnou, Mahouton Norbert
name: Arjika, Sama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a full characterization of a generalized $q-$deformed Tamm-Dancoff oscillator algebra and investigate its main mathematical and physical properties. Specifically, we study its various representations and find the condition satisfied by the deformed $q-$number to define the algebra structure function. Particular Fock spaces involving finite and infinite dimensions are examined. A deformed calculus is performed as well as a coordinate realization for this algebra. A relevant example is exhibited. Associated coherent states are constructed. Finally, some thermodynamics aspects are computed and discussed.
Additional file 2 of The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review
Creators: name: Andrade, Mônica V.
name: Noronha, Kenya
name: Diniz, Bernardo P. C.
name: Guedes, Gilvan
name: Carvalho, Lucas R.
name: Silva, Valéria A.
name: Calazans, Júlia A.
name: Santos, André S.
name: Silva, Daniel N.
name: Castro, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Descriptive system of cost components.
The Daya Bay and T2K results on $\sin^2 2 θ_{13}$ and Non-Standard Neutrino Interactions
Creators: name: Girardi, I.
name: Meloni, D.
name: Petcov, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the relatively large best fit value of $\sin^2 2 θ_{13} = 0.14 \, (0.17)$ measured in the T2K experiment for fixed values of i) the Dirac CP violation phase $δ= 0$, and ii) the atmospheric neutrino mixing parameters $θ_{23} = π/4$, $|Δm^2_{32}| = 2.4 \times 10^{-3} \; {\rm eV}^2$, can be reconciled with the Daya Bay result $\sin^2 2 θ_{13} = 0.090 \pm 0.009$ if the effects of non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI) in the relevant $\bar ν_e \to \bar ν_e$ and $ν_μ\to ν_e$ oscillation probabilities are taken into account.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, results unchanged; typos corrected; version published in Nuclear Physics B
Masked Spectrogram Modeling using Masked Autoencoders for Learning General-purpose Audio Representation
Creators: name: Niizumi, Daisuke
name: Takeuchi, Daiki
name: Ohishi, Yasunori
name: Harada, Noboru
name: Kashino, Kunio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T07

description: Recent general-purpose audio representations show state-of-the-art performance on various audio tasks. These representations are pre-trained by self-supervised learning methods that create training signals from the input. For example, typical audio contrastive learning uses temporal relationships among input sounds to create training signals, whereas some methods use a difference among input views created by data augmentations. However, these training signals do not provide information derived from the intact input sound, which we think is suboptimal for learning representation that describes the input as it is. In this paper, we seek to learn audio representations from the input itself as supervision using a pretext task of auto-encoding of masked spectrogram patches, Masked Spectrogram Modeling (MSM, a variant of Masked Image Modeling applied to audio spectrogram). To implement MSM, we use Masked Autoencoders (MAE), an image self-supervised learning method. MAE learns to efficiently encode the small number of visible patches into latent representations to carry essential information for reconstructing a large number of masked patches. While training, MAE minimizes the reconstruction error, which uses the input as training signal, consequently achieving our goal. We conducted experiments on our MSM using MAE (MSM-MAE) models under the evaluation benchmark of the HEAR 2021 NeurIPS Challenge. Our MSM-MAE models outperformed the HEAR 2021 Challenge results on seven out of 15 tasks (e.g., accuracies of 73.4% on CREMA-D and 85.8% on LibriCount), while showing top performance on other tasks where specialized models perform better. We also investigate how the design choices of MSM-MAE impact the performance and conduct qualitative analysis of visualization outcomes to gain an understanding of learned representations. We make our code available online.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. Under the review process
Non-Equilibrium Statistical Physics Beyond the Ideal Heat Bath Approximation
Creators: name: Pachter, Jonathan Asher
name: Dill, Ken A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Important models of nonequilibrium statistical physics (NESP) are limited by a commonly used, but often unrecognized, near-equilibrium approximation. Fokker-Planck and Langevin equations, the Einstein and random-flight diffusion models, and the Schnakenberg model of biochemical networks suppose that fluctuations are due to an ideal equilibrium bath. But far from equilibrium, this perfect bath concept does not hold. A more principled approach should derive the rate fluctuations from an underlying dynamical model, rather than assuming a particular form. Here, using Maximum Caliber as the underlying principle, we derive corrections for NESP processes in an imperfect - but more realistic - environment, corrections which become particularly important for a system driven strongly away from equilibrium. Beyond characterizing a heat bath by the single equilibrium property of its temperature, the bath's speed and size must also be used to characterize the bath's ability to handle fast or large fluctuations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Sad affects and contemporary women's media: depression, anxiety, and neoliberal (post)feminism in the post-recessionary West
Creators: name: Thelandersson, Anna Fredrika
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: This dissertation examines discourses of mental illness and sadness in women’s media culture during 2008-2018. It shows that there was an increase in conversations around mental illness in popular culture and on social media from 2015 and onwards. To understand what this increase looked like I examined three sites – women’s magazines, female celebrities, and social media – as purveyors of scripts for how we come to think about and experience mental health and illness. I conducted a textual analysis of the mental health coverage in the online editions of Cosmopolitan and Teen Vogue; a discourse analysis of first-hand confessions of mental illness by female celebrities; and online ethnography of communities that focus on these issues on social media. This multi-methods approach revealed a multifaceted mental health awareness. Cosmopolitan tended to approach mental illness in a distanced and tongue-in-cheek way that acknowledges difficult topics but never veers too far into uncomfortable territory, exemplifying the “relatable” self that upholds the feeling rules of neoliberalism (Kanai, 2017; Gill and Kanai, 2018). Teen Vogue, in contrast, adopted a straightforward and earnest tone and frequently made connections between mental health and structural inequalities, with a recurring concern to provide support to their readers around issues of mental health. Among celebrities, my research shows that there was a move from media speculation about the state of female stars’ mental health, to them speaking out about diagnoses and experiences themselves. Here, increased confessions and firsthand accounts of living with mental illness can be traced to a larger shift in marketing strategies towards more relatability and intimacy. On social media, young women write about their sadness and mental illness diagnoses in a variety of ways. For some sad girl figures, the feeling-rules of neoliberalism are promoted. Others contest them explicitly while others are seeking precarious forms of solidarity. Regardless of the platforms, there is a key tension that runs through sad girl aesthetics and communities: there is a risk here of glorifying sadness and mental illness, but paradoxically in the very act of sharing one’s feelings online one also learns that one is not alone.
Additional file 3 of The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review
Creators: name: Andrade, Mônica V.
name: Noronha, Kenya
name: Diniz, Bernardo P. C.
name: Guedes, Gilvan
name: Carvalho, Lucas R.
name: Silva, Valéria A.
name: Calazans, Júlia A.
name: Santos, André S.
name: Silva, Daniel N.
name: Castro, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Items included in the quality assessment of the included articles.
The effects of Galactic model uncertainties on LISA observations of double neutron stars
Creators: name: Storck, Anatole
name: Church, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of binaries containing pairs of neutron stars using the upcoming space-based gravitational wave observatory, LISA, have the potential to improve our understanding of neutron star physics and binary evolution. In this work we assess the effect of changing the model of the Milky Way's kinematics and star formation history on predictions of the population of double neutron stars that will be detected and resolved by LISA. We conclude that the spatial distribution of these binaries is insensitive to the choice of galactic models, compared to the stochastic variation induced by the small sample size. In particular, the time-consuming computation of the binaries' Galactic orbits is not necessary. The distributions of eccentricity and gravitational-wave frequency are, however, affected by the choice of star-formation history. Binaries with eccentricities e>0.1, which can be measured by LISA observations, are mostly younger than 100 Myr. We caution that comparisons between different predictions for LISA observations need to use consistent star formation histories, and that the Galactic star formation history should be taken into account in the analysis of the observations themselves. The lack of strong dependency on Galactic models means that LISA detection of double neutron star binaries may provide a relatively clean probe of massive binary star evolution.
description: 10 pages, 10 Figures, 4 Tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Collective interaction of QCD strings and early stages of high multiplicity pA collisions
Creators: name: Kalaydzhyan, Tigran
name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the early stages of "central" pA and peripheral AA collisions. Several observables indicate that at a sufficiently large number of participant nucleons the system undergoes a transition into a new "explosive" regime. By defining a string-string interaction through the sigma meson exchange and performing molecular dynamics simulation, we argue that one should expect a strong collective implosion of the multi-string "spaghetti" state, creating significant compression of the system in the transverse plane. Another consequence is the collectivization of the "sigma clouds" of all strings into a chirally symmetric fireball. We find that these effects happen provided the number of strings $N_s > 30$ or so, as only such a number can compensate a small sigma-string coupling. These findings should help us to understand the subsequent explosive behavior, observed for the particle multiplicities roughly corresponding to this number of strings.
description: Published version
title: Zum Argwohn gespannte Seelen
Creators: name: Klammsteiner, Judith
Year: 2023

description: Als Grundemotion ist die Angst dem Menschen über alle Kulturen und Zeiten hinweg eigen. Mit sich wandelnden philosophischen Theorien und Begriffen ändern sich jedoch die Wahrnehmung, die Ausdrucksweise und das Verständnis der Angst. Dieses Einwirken des philosophischen Diskurses auf die Betrachtungsweise und den Umgang mit der Angst äußert sich auch in der literarischen Darstellung der Emotion. Ab der Zeit der Frühaufklärung ist im deutschsprachigen Raum ein gesteigertes Interesse an den Wirkweisen der menschlichen Psyche zu verzeichnen. Die Literatur der Romantik lässt im Besonderen eine Vorliebe für psychische Abweichungen erkennen. In der Moderne, in der die Etablierung der Psychologie als eigenständige Disziplin abgeschlossen war, verstärkte sich dieses Interesse an den Vorgängen im Inneren des Menschen erneut. Sigmund Freud kann als Fluchtpunkt dieser Entwicklung betrachtet werden. Seine psychoanalytischen Thesen schufen neue Erkenntnisse über psychische Erkrankungen und deren Ursachen. Nicht zuletzt bietet Freud auch neue Perspektiven auf pathologische Ängste. Inwieweit diese Entwicklungslinien auf die literarische Darstellung der Angst im Zeitraum zwischen der Romantik und der Moderne einwirken, ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Ludwig Tiecks „Der Blonde Eckbert“, Georg Büchners „Lenz“ und Arthur Schnitzlers „Flucht in die Finsternis“ werden hierfür auf Tendenzen im philosophischen Angstdiskurs hin befragt und mit je zeitgenössischen psychologischen Diskussionen kontextualisiert.
description: As a core emotion, anxiety is inherent to humankind in all cultures and at all times. However, as philosophical theories and concepts change, so does perception, expression, and under-standing of anxiety. Said philosophical discourse and its approach to interpreting anxiety is also expressed in its literary representations. Initiated by the early Enlightenment, an increased interest for human psyche can be observed in the german-speaking world. Romanticist litera-ture in particular shows a preference for psychological deviations. The establishment of psy-chology as a standalone academic discipline prior to Modernity, further invoked an invigorat-ed interest in humans inner workings. Sigmund Freud can be regarded as the embodiment of this trend. His psychoanalytic theses uncovered new revelations about mental illness and its causes. Further, Freud supplies new perspectives on pathological anxieties. This paper shall be concerned with the effect of aforementioned development and its influence on literary repre-sentations of anxiety, written during the times from Romanticism to Modernity. Ludwig Tieck´s „Der Blonde Eckbert“, Georg Büchner´s „Lenz“ und Arthur Schnitzler´s „Flucht in die Finsternis“ will be examined in their portrayal of philosophical tendencies as they coincide with interpretations of anxiety. Ultimately, mentioned works will each be contextualized with bits of psychological discourse, contemporary to their respective era.
On the Koszul map of Lie algebras
Creators: name: Cornulier, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 17B55, Secondary 17B30, 17B56, 17B70, 19C09, 15A63

description: We motivate and study the reduced Koszul map, relating the invariant bilinear maps on a Lie algebra and the third homology. We show that it is concentrated in degree 0 for any grading in a torsion-free abelian group, and in particular it vanishes whenever the Lie algebra admits a positive grading. We also provide an example of a 12-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra whose reduced Koszul map does not vanish. In an appendix, we reinterpret the results of Neeb and Wagemann about the second homology of current Lie algebras, which are closely related to the reduced Koszul map.
description: 39 pages, no figure
Additional file 4 of The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review
Creators: name: Andrade, Mônica V.
name: Noronha, Kenya
name: Diniz, Bernardo P. C.
name: Guedes, Gilvan
name: Carvalho, Lucas R.
name: Silva, Valéria A.
name: Calazans, Júlia A.
name: Santos, André S.
name: Silva, Daniel N.
name: Castro, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Studies excluded after full-text review and reasons for exclusion.
The Roles of Kerr nonlinearity in a Bosonic Quantum Neural Network
Creators: name: Xu, Huawen
name: Krisnanda, Tanjung
name: Bao, Ruiqi
name: Liew, Timothy C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emerging technology of quantum neural networks (QNNs) attracts great attention from both the fields of machine learning and quantum physics with the capability to gain quantum advantage from an artificial neural network (ANN) system. Comparing to the classical counterparts, QNNs have been proven to be able to speed up the information processing, enhance the prediction or classification efficiency as well as offer versatile and experimentally friendly platforms. It is well established that Kerr nonlinearity is an indispensable element in a classical ANN, while, in a QNN, the roles of Kerr nonlinearity are not yet fully understood. In this work, we consider a bosonic QNN and investigate both classical (simulating an XOR gate) and quantum (generating Schrödinger cat states) tasks to demonstrate that the Kerr nonlinearity not only enables non-trivial tasks but also makes the system more robust to errors.
Classifying divisor topologies for string phenomenology
Creators: name: Shukla, Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we present a pheno-inspired classification for the divisor topologies of the favorable Calabi Yau (CY) threefolds with $1 \leq h^{1,1}(CY) \leq 5$ arising from the four-dimensional reflexive polytopes of the Kreuzer-Skarke database. Based on some empirical observations we conjecture that the topologies of the so-called coordinate divisors can be classified into two categories: (i). $χ_{_h}(D) \geq 1$ with Hodge numbers given by $\{h^{0,0} = 1, \, h^{1,0} = 0, \, h^{2,0} = χ_{_h}(D) -1, \, h^{1,1} = χ(D) - 2 χ_{_h}(D) \}$ and (ii). $χ_{_h}(D) \leq 1$ with Hodge numbers given by $\{h^{0,0} = 1, \, h^{1,0} = 1 - χ_{_h}(D), \, h^{2,0} = 0, \, h^{1,1} = χ(D) + 2 - 4 χ_{_h}(D)\}$, where $χ_{_h}(D)$ denotes the Arithmetic genus while $χ(D)$ denotes the Euler characteristic of the divisor $D$. We present the Hodge numbers of around 140000 coordinate divisors corresponding to all the CY threefolds with $1 \leq h^{1,1}(CY) \leq 5$ which corresponds to a total of nearly 16000 distinct CY geometries. Subsequently we argue that our conjecture can help in ``bypassing" the need of cohomCalg for computing Hodge numbers of coordinate divisors, and hence can be significantly useful for studying the divisor topologies of CY threefolds with higher $h^{1,1}$ for which cohomCalg gets too slow and sometimes even breaks as well. We also demonstrate how these scanning results can be directly used for phenomenological model building, e.g. in estimating the $D3$-brane tadpole charge (under reflection involutions) which is a central ingredient for constructing explicit global models due to several different reasons/interests such as the de-Sitter uplifting through anti-$D3$ brane and (flat) flux vacua searches.
description: 53 pages; v2: minor updates with typos fixed, published version
Additional file 5 of The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review
Creators: name: Andrade, Mônica V.
name: Noronha, Kenya
name: Diniz, Bernardo P. C.
name: Guedes, Gilvan
name: Carvalho, Lucas R.
name: Silva, Valéria A.
name: Calazans, Júlia A.
name: Santos, André S.
name: Silva, Daniel N.
name: Castro, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. List of included references.
Fracton magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Qi, Marvin
name: Hart, Oliver
name: Friedman, Aaron J.
name: Nandkishore, Rahul
name: Lucas, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend recent work on hydrodynamics with global multipolar symmetries -- known as "fracton hydrodynamics" -- to systems in which the multipolar symmetries are gauged. We refer to the latter as "fracton magnetohydrodynamics", in analogy to conventional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), which governs systems with gauged charge conservation. We show that fracton MHD arises naturally from higher-rank Maxwell's equations and in systems with one-form symmetries obeying certain constraints; while we focus on "minimal" higher-rank generalizations of MHD that realize diffusion, our methods may also be used to identify other, more exotic hydrodynamic theories (e.g., with magnetic subdiffusion). In contrast to semi-microscopic derivations of MHD, our approach elucidates the origin of the hydrodynamic modes by identifying the corresponding higher-form symmetries. Being rooted in symmetries, the hydrodynamic modes may persist even when the semi-microscopic equations no longer provide an accurate description of the system.
description: 44 pages, 2 figures; "Microscopic Hamiltonians" section added in v2
Faster quantum mixing of Markov chains in non-regular graph with fewer qubits
Creators: name: Li, Xinyin
name: Shang, Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sampling from the stationary distribution is one of the fundamental tasks of Markov chain-based algorithms and has important applications in machine learning, combinatorial optimization and network science. For the quantum case, qsampling from Markov chains can be constructed as preparing quantum states with amplitudes arbitrarily close to the square root of a stationary distribution instead of classical sampling from a stationary distribution. In this paper, a new qsampling algorithm for all reversible Markov chains is constructed by discrete-time quantum walks and works without any limit compared with existing results. In detail, we build a qsampling algorithm that not only accelerates non-regular graphs but also keeps the speed-up of existing quantum algorithms for regular graphs. In non-regular graphs, the invocation of the quantum fast-forward algorithm accelerates existing state-of-the-art qsampling algorithms for both discrete-time and continuous-time cases, especially on sparse graphs. Compared to existing algorithms we reduce log n, where n is the number of graph vertices. In regular graphs, our result matches other quantum algorithms, and our reliance on the gap of Markov chains achieves quadratic speedup compared with classical cases. For both cases, we reduce the number of ancilla qubits required compared to the existing results. In some widely used graphs and a series of sparse graphs where stationary distributions are difficult to reach quickly, our algorithm is the first algorithm to achieve complete quadratic acceleration (without log factor) over the classical case without any limit. To enlarge success probability amplitude amplification is introduced. We construct a new reflection on stationary state with fewer ancilla qubits and think it may have independent application.
Additional file 6 of The economic burden of malaria: a systematic review
Creators: name: Andrade, Mônica V.
name: Noronha, Kenya
name: Diniz, Bernardo P. C.
name: Guedes, Gilvan
name: Carvalho, Lucas R.
name: Silva, Valéria A.
name: Calazans, Júlia A.
name: Santos, André S.
name: Silva, Daniel N.
name: Castro, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6. Funding sources of studies included in the analysis.
Exciton coupling induces vibronic hyperchromism in light-harvesting complexes
Creators: name: Schulze, Jan
name: Torbjörnsson, Magne
name: Kühn, Oliver
name: Pullerits, Tõnu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently suggested possibility that weak vibronic transitions can be excitonically enhanced in light-harvesting complexes is studied in detail. A vibronic exciton dimer model which includes ground state vibrations is investigated using multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree method with a parameter set typical to photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes. Absorption spectra are discussed in dependence on the Coulomb coupling, the detuning of site energies, and the number of vibrational mode. Calculations of the fluorescence spectra show that the spectral densities obtained from the low temperature fluorescence line narrowing measurements of light-harvesting systems need to be corrected for the exciton effects. For the J-aggregate configuration, as in most of the light-harvesting complexes, the true spectral density has larger amplitude than what is obtained from the measurement.
description: revised version (minor)
ACHILLES: A novel event generator for electron- and neutrino-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: Isaacson, Joshua
name: Jay, William I.
name: Lovato, Alessandro
name: Machado, Pedro A. N.
name: Rocco, Noemi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel lepton-nucleus event generator: ACHILLES, A CHIcagoLand Lepton Event Simulator. The generator factorizes the primary interaction from the propagation of hadrons in the nucleus, which allows for a great deal of modularity, facilitating further improvements and interfaces with existing codes. We validate our generator against high quality electron-carbon scattering data in the quasielastic regime, including the recent CLAS/e4v reanalysis of existing data. We find good agreement in both inclusive and exclusive distributions. By varying the assumptions on the propagation of knocked out nucleons throughout the nucleus, we estimate a component of theoretical uncertainties. We also propose novel observables that will allow for further testing of lepton-nucleus scattering models. ACHILLES is readily extendable to generate neutrino-nucleus scattering events.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures
What is the stable atomic structure of NiTi austenite?
Creators: name: Zarkevich, Nikolai A.
name: Johnson, Duane D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitinol (NiTi), the most widely used shape-memory alloy, exhibits an austenite phase that has yet to be identified. The usually assumed austenite structure is cubic B2, which has imaginary phonon modes, hence it is unstable. We suggest a stable austenite structure that on average has B2 symmetry (observed by X-ray and neutron diffraction), but exhibits finite atomic displacements from the ideal B2 sites. The proposed structure has a phonon spectrum that agrees with that from neutron scattering, has diffraction spectra in agreement with XRD, and has an energy relative to the ground state that agrees with calorimetry data.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, with 1 supplemental table