cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The satellites of the Milky Way - Insights from semi-analytic modelling in a LambdaCDM cosmology
Creators: name: Starkenburg, Else
name: Helmi, Amina
name: De Lucia, Gabriella
name: Li, Yang-Shyang
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Font, Andreea S.
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Springel, Volker
name: Vera-Ciro, Carlos A.
name: White, Simon D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the six high-resolution Aquarius dark matter simulations with a semi-analytic galaxy formation model to investigate the properties of the satellites of Milky Way-like galaxies. We find good correspondence with the observed luminosity function, luminosity-metallicity relation and radial distribution of the Milky Way satellites. The star formation histories of the dwarf galaxies in our model vary widely, in accordance with what is seen observationally. Ram-pressure stripping of hot gas from the satellites leaves a clear imprint of the environment on the characteristics of a dwarf galaxy. We find that the fraction of satellites dominated by old populations of stars matches observations well. However, the internal metallicity distributions of the model satellites appear to be narrower than observed. This may indicate limitations in our treatment of chemical enrichment, which is based on the instantaneous recycling approximation. Our model works best if the dark matter halo of the Milky Way has a mass of ~8 x 10^11 Msun, in agreement with the lower estimates from observations. The galaxy that resembles the Milky Way the most also has the best matching satellite luminosity function, although it does not contain an object as bright as the SMC or LMC. Compared to other semi-analytic models and abundance matching relations we find that central galaxies reside in less massive haloes, but the halo mass-stellar mass relation in our model is consistent both with hydrodynamical simulations and with recent observations.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures. MNRAS in press. Minor changes in this version to match the version in press
Bayesian estimation of scaled mutation rate under the coalescent: a sequential Monte Carlo approach
Creators: name: Ogundijo, Oyetunji Enoch
name: Wang, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Bayesian statistical decision theory
subject: Monte Carlo method
subject: Genealogy
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background
                Samples of molecular sequence data of a locus obtained from random individuals in a population are often related by an unknown genealogy. More importantly, population genetics parameters, for instance, the scaled population mutation rate Θ=4N e μ for diploids or Θ=2N e μ for haploids (where N e is the effective population size and μ is the mutation rate per site per generation), which explains some of the evolutionary history and past qualities of the population that the samples are obtained from, is of significant interest.

                Results
                In this paper, we present the evolution of sequence data in a Bayesian framework and the approximation of the posterior distributions of the unknown parameters of the model, which include Θ via the sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) samplers for static models. Specifically, we approximate the posterior distributions of the unknown parameters with a set of weighted samples i.e., the set of highly probable genealogies out of the infinite set of possible genealogies that describe the sampled sequences. The proposed SMC algorithm is evaluated on simulated DNA sequence datasets under different mutational models and real biological sequences. In terms of the accuracy of the estimates, the proposed SMC method shows a comparable and sometimes, better performance than the state-of-the-art MCMC algorithms.

                Conclusions
                We showed that the SMC algorithm for static model is a promising alternative to the state-of-the-art approach for simulating from the posterior distributions of population genetics parameters.
Charge order at the frontier between the molecular and solid states in Ba3NaRu2O9
Creators: name: Kimber, Simon A. J.
name: Senn, Mark S.
name: Fratini, Simone
name: Wu, Hua
name: Hill, Adrian H.
name: Manuel, Pascal
name: Attfield, J. Paul
name: Argyriou, Dimitri N.
name: Henry, Paul. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the valence electrons of Ba3NaRu2O9, which has a quasi-molecular structure, completely crystallize below 210 K. Using an extended Hubbard model, we show that the charge ordering instability results from long-range Coulomb interactions. However, orbital ordering, metal-metal bonding and formation of a partial spin gap enforce the magnitude of the charge separation. The striped charge order and frustrated hcp lattice of Ru2O9 dimers lead to competition with a quasi-degenerate charge-melted phase under photo-excitation at low temperature. Our results establish a broad class of simple metal oxides as models for emergent phenomena at the border between the molecular and solid states.
description: Minor changes, with supporting information. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Spectrograms;Morphometry;Sample sizes;Percentages of rhythm types;Acrophase analyses from Lifelong exposure to artificial light at night impacts stridulation and locomotion activity patterns in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus
Creators: name: Levy, Keren
name: Wegrzyn, Yoav
name: Efronny, Ronny
name: Barnea, Anat
name: Ayali, Amir
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Figure S1. Spectrograms of the light bulb used in the anechoic chamber for all experimental groups (LD, LL2, LL5 and LL). (A) 40 lux, (B) 5 lux, (C) 2 lux. The light spectra were recorded using the Sekonic Sprectromaster C-700 (North White Plans, NY, USA). ;Figure S2. Morphological parameters of male Gryllus bimaculatus crickets compared between all four experimental groups LD, LL2, LL5 and LL. Mean (±S.E.) of body length (n=12, 22, 22, and 41, respectively), wing length (n=12, 22, 22, and 41, respectively), tibia length (n=13, 20, 21, and 41, respectively), femur length (n=13, 20, 21, and 39, respectively), head width (n=12, 22, 22, and 41, respectively), pronotum length (n=12, 22, 22, and 39, respectively) and width (n=12, 22, 22, and 39, respectively), as well as body weight (n=11, 21, 22, and 36, respectively) are presented. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. Inserted: Body condition index of the ratio of the crickets’ individual weights divided by their individual lengths and compared between all four experimental groups LD, LL2, LL5 and LL (n=11, 22, 21, and 34, respectively), are presented. Single comparisons between treatments did not differ significantly (Kruskal Wallis with Dunn's post-hoc test, p > 0.09).;Table S1: Sample sizes of individual male Gryllus bimaculatus adult crickets used for each analysis and treatment of the lifelong ALAN experiment. Each column represents another set of analysis on stridulation (left part) or locomotion (right part) behavior. Patterns & percentages include all experimental animals. For the period and acrophase analysis, sample size includes only animals, which period analysis was found significant, hence, all individuals with a synchronized or free-run pattern (but no arrhythmic results). The sample size for the correlation included only individuals, for each both, stridulation and locomotion period results were obtained from the same animal.;Table S2: Percentage of synchronized, free-run and arrhythmic stridulation and locomotion behavior in male Gryllus bimaculatus adult crickets exposed to four different lifelong ALAN intensities. ;Table S3: Acrophase analyses of stridulation and locomotion activity of individual crickets from the four experimental treatments. Only animals whose activity period was found significant were included in the acrophase analysis. Each datapoint represents the acrophase calculated for five days. The difference data was calculated by subtracting locomotion values from stridulation values of the same individual. Data are presented for all individuals, and separately for those cases where data for both behaviors was available for the same individual.
The coronal X-ray - age relation and its implications for the evaporation of exoplanets
Creators: name: Jackson, Alan P.
name: Davis, Timothy A.
name: Wheatley, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relationship between coronal X-ray emission and stellar age for late-type stars, and the variation of this relationship with spectral type. We select 717 stars from 13 open clusters and find that the ratio of X-ray to bolometric luminosity during the saturated phase of coronal emission decreases from 10^-3.1 for late K-dwarfs to 10^-4.3 for early F-type stars (across the range 0.29 5% of their mass since formation. In addition we provide estimates of the minimum formation mass for which a planet could be expected to survive for 4 Gyrs for a range of stellar and planetary parameters. We emphasise the importance of the earliest periods of a planet's life for its evaporation history with 75% expected to occur within the first Gyr. This raises the possibility of using evaporation histories to distinguish between different migration scenarios. For planets with available spin-orbit angles no difference is found between the distributions of planets with misaligned orbits and those with aligned orbits. This suggests that misalignment occurs early in the life of the planetary system, though more data is needed.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Full versions of Tables 3, 4 and 5 available with the online journal version
Spectral weight in holographic scaling geometries
Creators: name: Hartnoll, Sean A.
name: Shaghoulian, Edgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the low energy spectral density of transverse currents in theories with holographic duals that exhibit an emergent scaling symmetry characterized by dynamical critical exponent $z$ and hyperscaling violation exponent $θ$. For any finite $z$ and $θ$, the low energy spectral density is exponentially small at nonzero momentum. This indicates that any nonzero momentum low energy excitations of putative hidden Fermi surfaces are not visible in the classical bulk limit. We furthermore show that if the limit $z \to \infty$ is taken with the ratio $η= - θ/z > 0$ held fixed, then the resulting theory is locally quantum critical with an entropy density that vanishes at low temperatures as $s \sim T^η$. In these cases the low energy spectral weight at nonzero momentum is not exponentially suppressed, possibly indicating a more fermionic nature of these theories.
description: 1+19 pages, no figures. v2 references added
A low-power 10-bit 50 MS/s CMOS successive approximation register ADC
Creators: name: Guo, Wei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a medium sampling rate (a few MS/s to a few tens of MS/s) and a medium resolution (8 to 14 bits) is a critical building block for data communication, imaging, and video systems. With the rapid growth in the number of portable devices, low-power design with higher performance is desired to increase the battery longevity as well as meeting the ever increasing performance requirement, which impose significant challenges to the ADC design. Successive approximation register (SAR) ADCs are one of the candidate structures for low power ADCs, and due to the advancements in the fabrication technologies they have been able to achieve medium sampling rates with a resolution of 10 bit. In this work, an ultra low-power 10-bit 50-MS/s SAR ADC is presented. To reduce the power and area, the monotonic switching procedure is combined with a parasitic-compensated split-capacitor digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that also has an improved capacitor matching. The nonlinearity of the conventional split-capacitor DAC due to parasitic capacitance and capacitor mismatch is improved by modifying the capacitor bank so that the bridge capacitor is an integer multiple of the unit capacitor (as opposed to fractional multiple in the conventional circuits) and by including two dummy unit capacitors connected to ground. The proposed 10-bit ADC is designed and simulated using a 90-nm CMOS technology. Post-layout simulation results show that at 1.0-V supply and 50 MS/s, the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) of 60.10 dB and consumes 0.32 mW with an input capacitance of 0.48 pF, resulting in a figure of merit (FoM) of 8.44 fJ/conversion-step. A proof-of-concept prototype is fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology and is tested. The ADC core occupies an active area of 215×215 μm². Due to an unexpected problem with the measurement setup, at-speed testing was not possible and the test was done at 1 MS/s. The ADC achieves an ENOB of 7.51 with a power consumption of 51 μW. The reasons for subpar performance of the prototype design and potential solutions to improve it are discussed in detail.
Cost-effectiveness of tiotropium versus omalizumab for uncontrolled allergic asthma in US
Creators: name: Zafari, Zafar
name: Sadatsafavi, Mohsen
name: Mark FitzGerald, J.
name: Canadian Respiratory Research Network
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Drugs--Cost effectiveness
Asthma
Markov processes--Mathematical models
Medicine

description: Background
                A significant minority of asthma patients remain uncontrolled despite the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonists (LABA). A number of add-on therapies, including monoclonal antibodies (namely omalizumab) and more recently tiotropium bromide have been recommended for this subgroup of patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of tiotropium versus omalizumab as add-on therapies to ICS + LABA for patients with uncontrolled allergic asthma.

                Methods
                A probabilistic Markov model of asthma was created. Total costs (in 2013 US $) and health outcomes of three interventions including standard therapy (ICS + LABA), add-on therapy with tiotropium, and add-on therapy with omalizumab, were calculated over a 10-year time horizon. Future costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were discounted at the rate of 3%. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated at willingness-to-pay value of $50,000.

                Results
                The 10-year discounted costs and QALYs for standard therapy were $38,432 and 6.79, respectively. The corresponding values for add-on therapy with tiotropium and with omalizumab were $41,535 and 6.88, and $217,847 and 7.17, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) of add-on therapy with tiotropium versus standard therapy, and omalizumab versus tiotropium were $34,478/QALY, and $593,643/QALY, respectively. The model outcomes were most sensitive to the costs of omalizumab but were robust against other assumptions.

                Conclusions
                Although omalizumab had the best health outcomes, add-on therapy with tiotropium was a cost-effective alternative to omalizumab and standard therapy for uncontrolled allergic asthma at willingness-to-pay of $50,000/QALY.
On the 3-wave Equations with Constant Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Gerdjikov, Vladimir S.
name: Grahovski, Georgi G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inverse scattering transform for a special case of the 3-wave resonant interaction equations with non-vanishing boundary conditions is studied. The Jost solutions and the fundamental analytic solutions (FAS) for the associated spectral problem are constructed. The inverse scattering problem for the Lax operator is formulated as a Riemann-Hilbert problem on a Riemann surface. The spectral properties of the Lax operator are formulated.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX, 2 EPS figures
МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ СЛИЗИСТОЙ ОБОЛОЧКИ ГОРТАНИ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ЛАРИНГИТЕ
Creators: name: Бахранова, М.Ш.
name: Самиева, Г.У.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Хронический ларингит представляет собой одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей, характеризующееся воспалительными и дистрофическими изменениями слизистой оболочки гортани [2,3]. Разнообразие клинических и морфологических форм заболевания обусловлено влиянием различных этиологических факторов, таких как курение, воздействие профессиональных вредностей, хронические инфекции и нарушение голосового режима [6,7,8]. Морфофункциональный полиморфизм слизистой оболочки гортани при хроническом ларингите связан с особенностями воспалительного процесса, стадией заболевания и воздействием этиологических факторов [1,4,5].
Hölder estimates for solutions of the Cauchy problem for the porous medium equation with external forces
Creators: name: Mizuno, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K65, 35B45, 35B65

description: We study the interior Hölder regularity problem for weak solutions of the porous medium equation with external forces. Since the porous medium equation is the typical example of degenerate parabolic equations, Hölder regularity is a delicate matter and does not follow by classical methods. Caffrelli-Friedman, and Caffarelli-Vazquez-Wolansky showed Hölder regularity for the model equation without external forces. DiBenedetto and Friedman showed the Hölder continuity of weak solutions with some integrability conditions of the external forces but they did not obtain the quantitative estimates. The quantitative estimates are important for studying the perturbation problem of the porous medium equation. We obtain the scale invariant Hölder estimates for weak solutions of the porous medium equations with the external forces. As a particular case, we recover the well known Hölder estimates for the linear heat equation.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures
d=3 Bosonic Vector Models Coupled to Chern-Simons Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Gur-Ari, Guy
name: Yacoby, Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study three dimensional O(N)_k and U(N)_k Chern-Simons theories coupled to a scalar field in the fundamental representation, in the large N limit. For infinite k this is just the singlet sector of the O(N) (U(N)) vector model, which is conjectured to be dual to Vasiliev's higher spin gravity theory on AdS_4. For large k and N we obtain a parity-breaking deformation of this theory, controlled by the 't Hooft coupling lambda = 4 πN / k. For infinite N we argue (and show explicitly at two-loop order) that the theories with finite lambda are conformally invariant, and also have an exactly marginal (ϕ^2)^3 deformation. For large but finite N and small 't Hooft coupling lambda, we show that there is still a line of fixed points parameterized by the 't Hooft coupling lambda. We show that, at infinite N, the interacting non-parity-invariant theory with finite lambda has the same spectrum of primary operators as the free theory, consisting of an infinite tower of conserved higher-spin currents and a scalar operator with scaling dimension Δ=1; however, the correlation functions of these operators do depend on lambda. Our results suggest that there should exist a family of higher spin gravity theories, parameterized by lambda, and continuously connected to Vasiliev's theory. For finite N the higher spin currents are not conserved.
description: 34 pages, 29 figures. v2: added references
On a Devil's staircase associated to the joint spectral radii of a family of pairs of matrices
Creators: name: Morris, Ian D.
name: Sidorov, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 15A18, 15A60, secondary 37B10, 65K10, 68R15

description: The joint spectral radius of a finite set of real d x d matrices is defined to be the maximum possible exponential rate of growth of products of matrices drawn from that set. In previous work with K. G. Hare and J. Theys we showed that for a certain one-parameter family of pairs of matrices, this maximum possible rate of growth is attained along Sturmian sequences with a certain characteristic ratio which depends continuously upon the parameter. In this paper we answer some open questions from that paper by showing that the dependence of the ratio function upon the parameter takes the form of a Devil's staircase. We show in particular that this Devil's staircase attains every rational value strictly between 0 and 1 on some interval, and attains irrational values only in a set of Hausdorff dimension zero. This result generalises to include certain one-parameter families considered by other authors. We also give explicit formulas for the preimages of both rational and irrational numbers under the ratio function, thereby establishing a large family of pairs of matrices for which the joint spectral radius may be calculated exactly.
description: 40 pages
On the N-Solitons Solutions in the Novikov-Veselov Equation
Creators: name: Chang, Jen-Hsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the $N$-solitons solution in the Novikov-Veselov equation from the extended Moutard transformation and the Pfaffian structure. Also, the corresponding wave functions are obtained explicitly. As a result, the property characterizing the $N$-solitons wave function is proved using the Pfaffian expansion. This property corresponding to the discrete scattering data for $N$-solitons solution is obtained in [arXiv:0912.2155] from the $\bar\partial$-dressing method.
Association of thrombocytosis with COPD morbidity: the SPIROMICS and COPDGene cohorts
Creators: name: Fawzy, Ashraf
name: Putcha, Nirupama
name: Paulin, Laura M.
name: Aaron, Carrie P.
name: Labaki, Wassim W.
name: Han, MeiLan K.
name: Wise, Robert A.
name: Kanner, Richard E.
name: Bowler, Russell P.
name: Barr, R. Graham
name: Hansel, Nadia N.
name: SPIROMICS Research Group
name: COPDGene Investigators
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Lungs--Diseases, Obstructive
Dyspnea
Blood platelets
Epidemiology
Medicine

description: Background
                Thrombocytosis has been associated with COPD prevalence and increased all-cause mortality in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD); but whether it is associated with morbidity in stable COPD is unknown. This study aims to determine the association of thrombocytosis with COPD morbidity including reported AECOPD, respiratory symptoms and exercise capacity.

                Methods
                Participants with COPD were included from two multi-center observational studies (SPIROMICS and COPDGene). Cross-sectional associations of thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥350 × 109/L) with AECOPD during prior year (none vs. any), exertional dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score ≥ 2), COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score ≥ 10, six-minute-walk distance (6MWD), and St. George Respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) were modeled using multivariable logistic or linear regression. A pooled effect estimate for thrombocytosis was produced using meta-analysis of data from both studies.

                Results
                Thrombocytosis was present in 124/1820 (6.8%) SPIROMICS participants and 111/2185 (5.1%) COPDGene participants. In meta-analysis thrombocytosis was associated with any AECOPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.1–2.0), severe AECOPD (aOR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–2.2), dyspnea (mMRC ≥ 2 aOR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0–1.9), respiratory symptoms (CAT ≥ 10 aOR 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.4), and higher SGRQ score (β 2.7; 95% CI: 0.5, 5). Thrombocytosis was also associated with classification into Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) group D (aOR 1.7 95% CI: 1.2–2.4).

                Conclusions
                Thrombocytosis was associated with higher likelihood of prior exacerbation and worse symptoms. Platelet count, a commonly measured clinical assay, may be a biomarker for moderate-severe COPD symptoms, guide disease classification and intensity of treatment. Future longitudinal studies investigating the role of platelets in COPD progression may be warranted.

                Trial registration
                ClinicalTrials.gov:
                    NCT01969344

                   (SPIROMICS) and
                    NCT00608764

                   (COPDGene).
Cosmic censorship in overcharging a Reissner-Nordström black hole via charged particle absorption
Creators: name: Isoyama, Soichiro
name: Sago, Norichika
name: Tanaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a claim that a static charged black hole (Reissner-Nordström black hole) can be overcharged by absorbing a charged test particle. If it is true, it might give a counter example to the weak cosmic censorship conjecture, which states that spacetime singularities are never observed by a distant observer. However, so far the proposed process has only been analyzed within a test particle approximation. Here we claim that the back reaction effects of a charged particle cannot be neglected when judging whether the suggested process is really a counter example to the cosmic censorship conjecture or not. Furthermore, we argue that all the back reaction effects can be properly taken into account when we consider the trajectory of a particle on the border between the plunge and bounce orbits. In such marginal cases we find that the Reissner-Nordström black hole can never be overcharged via the absorption of a charged particle. Since all the plunge orbits are expected to have a higher energy than the marginal orbit, we conclude that there is no supporting evidence that indicates the violation of the cosmic censorship in the proposed overcharging process.
description: 18 pages, revtex4, minor revision and reference added, version to appear in PRD
KI in der editorischen Praxis: Chancen und Herausforderungen von Machine Learning im Editionsprojekt Burchards Dekret Digital
Creators: name: Schonhardt, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mit seinen 1800 Kapiteln stellt das Dekret Bischof Burchards aus dem 11. Jahrhundert eine erhebliche Herausforderung für die editorische Erschließung und Nutzung dar. Im Projekt Burchards Dekret Digital, das eine Hybridedition des Dekrets erarbeitet, wird dieser Herausforderung durch die gezielte Integration verschiedener Machine-Learning-Ansätze in den editorischen Workflow begegnet. Gleichzeitig sind die editorischen Prozesse darauf ausgerichtet, eine editorisch evaluierte Ground Truth für diese Verfahren bereitzustellen. Der Vortrag stellt diesen Workflow vor und diskutiert anschließend offene Herausforderungen der Integration von Machine Learning in editorische Prozesse.
Measurement of an off-axis neutrino beam energy spectrum
Creators: name: Kirby, Brian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The T2K long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment is designed to measure the neutrino flavour mixing parameter θ₁₃, as well as θ₂₃ and Δm²₂₃ with twenty times greater precision than previous measurements. A neutrino beam is produced using the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) proton accelerator in Tokai, Japan and is incident on the Super-Kamiokande water Cherenkov detector 295 km away beam at an off-axis angle of 2.5°. A suite of near detectors 280 m away from the proton target (ND280) provides additional constraints on beam flux estimates as well as measures neutrino interaction cross sections. A critical component of ND280 is a Fine Grained Detector (FGD) that provides an active target for neutrino interactions, with sufficient granularity to reconstruct short ranged particle tracks. This thesis describes the T2K experiment, the design and calibration of the FGD, and its online data reduction system. A cut-based selection for charged current neutrino interactions is used to produce quasi-elastic and non-quasi-elastic enhanced samples. These samples are used in a maximum likelihood fit to measure the T2K neutrino beam energy spectrum. The fit determines the flux scale factors that best reproduce the kinematic distribution of muons produced in selected interactions, and accounts for all relevant neutrino interaction model and detector systematic uncertainties. The fitted flux factors f(Eν) in the energy ranges defined for the analysis are as follows: f(0 < Eν < 0.5GeV ) = 1.10⁺⁰·²⁸₋₀.₂₄, f(0.5 < Eν < 1.0GeV ) = 0.93⁺⁰·¹⁷₋₀.₁₄, f(1.0 < Eν < 3.5GeV ) = 0.85⁺⁰·¹⁷₋₀.₁₄, f(Eν > 3.5GeV ) = 0.92⁺⁰·²⁸₋₀.₂₃. These flux factors are consistent with the default neutrino beam flux prediction and the flux measurement used in the primary oscillation analysis of the T2K collaboration, and provide an independent confirmation that the neutrino beam flux model is reliable.
Prevalence and determinants of stunting in a conflict-ridden border region in Armenia - a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Balalian, Arin
name: Simonyan, Hambardzum
name: Hekimian, Kim
name: Deckelbaum, Richard Joseph
name: Sargsyan, Aelita
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Nutrition
Infants--Development
Pediatrics
Child development

description: Background
                Despite global efforts, stunting remains a public health problem in several developing countries. The prevalence of stunting among 0- to 5-year-old children in Armenia has increased from 17% in 2000 to 19% in 2010. A baseline study was conducted among preschool children in Berd, a region near the northeastern border of Armenia that has experienced intermittent military tension for over 20 years.

                Methods
                We conducted a cross-sectional study including 594 children aged 6-month- 6 years old and their caregivers in our analysis, to assess the prevalence and determinants of stunting. We calculated the anthropometric measurements and hemoglobin levels of children; analyzed children’s stool and conducted a survey with children’s caregivers. We employed the hierarchical logistic regression model to explore the predictors of stunting among 25–72 months old children and multivariable logistic regression models to investigate the predictors of stunting among 6–24 months old children. Individual and residence level variables were included in the models including anemia, minimum dietary diversity, mothers’ height, the overall duration of breastfeeding, birthweight, child’s history of diarrhea and mean socio-economic score.

                Results
                The prevalence of stunting was significantly higher among the 6–24 months old children (13.3%) compared to the children aged 25–72 months old (7.8%). We did not find any differences in the prevalence of stunting by place of residence in either age group. The 6–24 months old children who consumed at least four food groups during the previous day (minimum dietary diversity) had 72% lower odds of being stunted (p
Mean-field description of dipolar bosons in triple-well potentials
Creators: name: Peter, David
name: Pawlowski, Krzysztof
name: Pfau, Tilman
name: Rzazewski, Kazimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the ground state properties of a polarized dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate trapped in a triple-well potential. By solving the dipolar Gross-Pitaevskii equation numerically for different geometries we identify states which reveal the non-local character of the interaction. Depending on the strength of the contact and dipolar interaction we depict the stable and unstable regions in parameter space.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
How Do Star-Forming Galaxies at Z>3 Assemble Their Masses?
Creators: name: Lee, Kyoung-Soo
name: Ferguson, Henry C.
name: Wiklind, Tommy
name: Dahlen, Tomas
name: Dickinson, Mark E.
name: Giavalisco, Mauro
name: Grogin, Norman
name: Papovich, Casey
name: Messias, Hugo
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Lin, Lihwai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how star-forming galaxies typically assemble their masses at high redshift. Using the deep multi-wavelength coverage of the GOODS dataset, we measure stellar mass of a large sample of star-forming galaxies at z~4 and 5, and make a robust determination of stellar mass function (SMF). We report a broad correlation between stellar mass and UV luminosity, such that more UV-luminous galaxies are, on average, more massive. However, the correlation has a substantial intrinsic scatter evidenced by a non-negligible number of UV-faint but massive galaxies. Furthermore, the low-mass end of the SMF does not rise as steeply as the UV luminosity function (alpha_UVLF} -(1.7-1.8), alpha_SMF -(1.3-1.4)) of the same galaxies. In a smooth formation scenario where star formation (SF) is sustained at the observed rates for a long time, these galaxies would have accumulated more mass (by a factor of ~3) than observed and therefore the SMF would mirror more closely that of the UVLF. The relatively shallow slope of the SMF is due to the fact that many of the UV-selected galaxies are not massive enough, and therefore are too faint in their rest-frame optical bands, to be detected in the current observations. Our results favor a episodic formation history in which SF in low-mass galaxies vary significantly over time, a scenario favored by galaxy clustering. Our findings for the UV-faint galaxies are in contrast with those found for more UV-luminous galaxies, which exhibit tighter SFR-M_star correlations. The discrepancy may suggest that galaxies at different luminosities may have different evolutionary paths.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Invariant $β$-ensembles and the Gauss-Wigner crossover
Creators: name: Allez, Romain
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
name: Guionnet, Alice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a new diffusive matrix model converging towards the $β$ -Dyson Brownian motion for all $β\in [0,2]$ that provides an explicit construction of $β$-ensembles of random matrices that is invariant under the orthogonal/unitary group. For small values of $β$, our process allows one to interpolate smoothly between the Gaussian distribution and the Wigner semi-circle. The interpolating limit distributions form a one parameter family that can be explicitly computed. This also allows us to compute the finite-size corrections to the semi-circle.
description: 3 figures
Thermal right-handed neutrino production rate in the non-relativistic regime
Creators: name: Laine, M.
name: Schroder, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the next-to-leading order thermal production rate of heavy right-handed neutrinos in the non-relativistic regime m_top < pi*T << M, where m_top refers to the electroweak scale. Rephrasing the problem in an OPE language and making use of different techniques than a previous analysis by Salvio et al, we confirm the general structure of their result and many of the coefficients. We also extend the analysis to the next order in the non-relativistic expansion, thereby revealing the leading non-trivial momentum dependence, as well as to NNLO in couplings, revealing the leading sensitivity to thermal resummations. Our results are expressed as a sum of simple "master" structures, which renders them a suitable starting point for determining the next-to-leading order rate also in the relativistic regime pi*T ~ M.
description: 26 pages. v2: note added, published version
Three-dimensional track reconstruction for directional Dark Matter detection
Creators: name: Billard, J.
name: Mayet, F.
name: Santos, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directional detection of Dark Matter is a promising search strategy. However, to perform such detection, a given set of parameters has to be retrieved from the recoiling tracks : direction, sense and position in the detector volume. In order to optimize the track reconstruction and to fully exploit the data of forthcoming directional detectors, we present a likelihood method dedicated to 3D track reconstruction. This new analysis method is applied to the MIMAC detector. It requires a full simulation of track measurements in order to compare real tracks to simulated ones. We conclude that a good spatial resolution can be achieved, i.e. sub-mm in the anode plane and cm along the drift axis. This opens the possibility to perform a fiducialization of directional detectors. The angular resolution is shown to range between 20$^\circ$ to 80$^\circ$, depending on the recoil energy, which is however enough to achieve a high significance discovery of Dark Matter. On the contrary, we show that sense recognition capability of directional detectors depends strongly on the recoil energy and the drift distance, with small efficiency values (50%-70%). We suggest not to consider this information either for exclusion or discovery of Dark Matter for recoils below 100 keV and then to focus on axial directional data.
description: 27 pages, 20 figures
The Optimal Cosmic Epoch for Precision Cosmology
Creators: name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The statistical uncertainty in measuring the primordial density perturbations on a given comoving scale is dictated by the number of independent regions of that scale that are accessible to an observer. This number varies with cosmic time and diminishes per Hubble volume in the distant past or future of the standard cosmological model. We show that the best constraints on the initial power spectrum of linear density perturbations are accessible (e.g. through 21-cm intensity mapping) at redshifts z~10, and that the ability to constrain the cosmological initial conditions will deteriorate quickly in our cosmic future.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for Publication in the Journal of Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics (JCAP)
The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality with Gamification in Learning 3D Geometry
Creators: name: Thamrongrat, Pornpon
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Augmented Reality (AR) technology facilitates the learning of 3D geometry because it allows students to easily manipulate 3D geometric shapes. Besides, gamification can further enhance the potential of AR technology as an educational tool by increasing user engagement. However, some methodological limitations were identified in the existing work on this specific topic. First, one of the major drawbacks was the lack of control groups for evaluating the effect of learning geometry with the conventional teaching methods as compared to that of the AR-based approaches. Second, the AR application assessment focused on learning outcomes, neglecting the user experience aspect.Therefore, the main research question of this PhD research project was to explore to what extent AR-based applications with gamification could make learning 3D geometry more effective and engaging for students as compared with the traditional 2D approach. To address this question, two empirical studies were conducted. In Study 1, an AR application for learning cross-sectional shapes and variables in 3D geometry was developed. The AR-based approach was compared with the traditional chalk-and-board one by involving sixty 12-16 year-olds from two schools in Thailand. In Study 2, how certain gamification elements - Badges, Points and Timer - influenced the motivational effect of the AR application in the learning of 3D geometric shapes was examined. It involved 150 students of 12-16 years old. A motivation questionnaire for measuring Interest, Confidence and Intention to Use level was constructed. Results indicated that the AR classes showed significantly stronger learning effects than the traditional ones, especially for more complex geometric concepts. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the motivational effect between the gamified and non-gamified AR applications, and Points had a stronger learning effect than Badges or Timer. One implication for designing gamified AR educational applications is that time pressure seems an inappropriate gamification element.
An exact solution of the moving boundary problem for the relativistic plasma expansion in a dipole magnetic field
Creators: name: Nersisyan, H. B.
name: Sargsyan, K. A.
name: Osipyan, D. A.
name: Matevosyan, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact analytic solution is obtained for a uniformly expanding, neutral, highly conducting plasma sphere in an ambient dipole magnetic field with an arbitrary orientation of the dipole moment in the space. Based on this solution the electrodynamical aspects related to the emission and transformation of energy have been considered. In order to highlight the effect of the orientation of the dipole moment in the space we compare our results obtained for parallel orientation with those for transversal orientation. The results obtained can be used to treat qualitatively experimental and simulation data, and several phenomena of astrophysical and laboratory significance.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:physics/0603239
Case report: mechanisms of HIV elite control in two African women
Creators: name: Moosa, Yumna
name: Tanko, Ramla F.
name: Ramsuran, Veron
name: Singh, Ravesh
name: Madzivhandila, Mashudu
name: Yende-Zuma, Nonhlanhla
name: Abrahams, Melissa-Rose
name: Selhorst, Philippe
name: Gounder, Kamini
name: Moore, Penny L.
name: Williamson, Carolyn
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Garrett, Nigel J.
name: Burgers, Wendy A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: HIV infections--Treatment
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Virology
subject: Natural immunity
subject: T cells

description: Background
                The majority of people living with HIV require antiretroviral therapy (ART) for controlling viral replication, however there are rare HIV controllers who spontaneously and durably control HIV in the absence of treatment. Understanding what mediates viral control in these individuals has provided us with insights into the immune mechanisms that may be important to induce for a vaccine or functional cure for HIV. To date, few African elite controllers from high incidence settings have been described. We identified virological controllers from the CAPRISA 002 cohort of HIV-1 subtype C infected women in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa, two (1%) of whom were elite controllers. We examined the genetic, clinical, immunological and virological characteristics of these two elite HIV controllers in detail, to determine whether they exhibit features of putative viral control similar to those described for elite controllers reported in the literature.

                Case presentation
                In this case report, we present clinical features, CD4+ T cell and viral load trajectories for two African women over 7 years of HIV infection. Viral load became undetectable 10 months after HIV infection in Elite Controller 1 (EC1), and after 6 weeks in Elite Controller 2 (EC2), and remained undetectable for the duration of follow-up, in the absence of ART. Both elite controllers expressed multiple HLA Class I and II haplotypes previously associated with slower disease progression (HLA-A*74:01, HLA-B*44:03, HLA-B*81:01, HLA-B*57:03, HLA-DRB1*13). Fitness assays revealed that both women were infected with replication competent viruses, and both expressed higher mRNA levels of p21, a host restriction factor associated with viral control. HIV-specific T cell responses were examined using flow cytometry. EC1 mounted high frequency HIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses, including a B*81:01-restricted Gag TL9 response. Unusually, EC2 had evidence of pre-infection HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses.

                Conclusion
                We identified some features typical of elite controllers, including high magnitude HIV-specific responses and beneficial HLA. In addition, we made the atypical finding of pre-infection HIV-specific immunity in one elite controller, that may have contributed to very early viral control. This report highlights the importance of studying HIV controllers in high incidence settings.
ELASTIC - D2.1: Lightweight and Robust Orchestrating Mechanisms - Initial Version
Creators: name: Sebrechts, Merlijn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: WebAssembly
Wasm
Orchestration
AI/ML workload orchestration
Serverless Security
Kubernetes
eBPF
Edge computing

description: This deliverable describes the first version of the design of lightweight, efficient, and secure orchestration mechanisms that leverage Wasm and eBPF technologies. It explains the state of the art in WebAssembly Orchestration, including integration in Kubernetes and WebAssembly-native orchestration platforms such as wasmCloud. It details the improved Wasm orchestrator “Propeller”, providing an alternative for environments where Kubernetes-based solutions do not fit. For example, it uses the WebAssembly Micro runtime (WAMR) in order to support truly tiny devices with real-time operating systems such as Zephyr. It strikes a fine balance between compatibility with the existing cloud-native ecosystem and support for low-resource edge devices by reusing some key cloud-native components and replacing some components with those more suitable for IoT devices. For example, it supports regular OCI registries but swaps out HTTP for MQTT communication. It also discusses our innovations in AI/ML workload orchestration and our innovations for bringing WebAssembly to the cyber-physical edge by creating high-performance standardised interfaces to connect WebAssembly applications to external hardware using protocols such as I2C and USB. Finally, it brings these aspects together in a single proposed architecture and reflects on the current state and the next steps for this work.