cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal phase transitions of supersolids in the extended Bose-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Ng, Kwai-Kong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate numerically the finite-temperature phase diagrams of the extended Bose-Hubbard model in a two-dimensional square lattice. In particular, we focus on the melting of supersolid phases of two different crystal orderings, stripe and star orders, arising from the competition of the nearest- and next-nearest -neighbor interactions in the vicinity of quarter filling. The two crystal orders are the result of broken translational symmetry in either one or in both $x$, and $y$ directions. The broken gauge symmetry of the supersolids are found to be restored via a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition while the broken translational symmetries are restored via a single second-order phase transition, instead of two second-order transitions in the Ising universality class. On the other hand, the phase transitions between the star and stripe orders are first order in nature.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures
Tuning Fano-type resonances in coupled quantum point contacts by applying asymmetric voltages
Creators: name: Villarreal, Rubén C.
name: Mireles, Francisco
name: Marinero, Ernesto E.
name: Gurney, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ballistic magnetotransport in a double quantum point contact (QPC) device consisting of a quasi-one-dimensional quantum wire with an embedded island-like impurity - etched nano-hole as in a recently published experiment [J. C. Chen, Y. Lin, K.-T. Lin, T. Ueda and S. Komiyama, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 012105 (2009)]. We reproduce the zero field quantized conductance, the interference phenomenon induced by the coupled QPCs, as well as the Ramsauer-like resonances observed in the experiments. At finite magnetic fields Fano-type resonances arises in the conductance due to the formation of localized states at the impurity periphery and to an inter-edge state resonant coupling effect. It is predicted that the Fano-type resonances can be controlled by an asymmetric confinement of the QPCs.
description: published in APL
Phase Space Engineering in Optical Microcavities II: Controlling the far-field
Creators: name: Poirier, Julien
name: Painchaud-April, Guillaume
name: Gagnon, Denis
name: Dubé, Louis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical microcavities support Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) with a very high quality factor Q. However, WGMs typically display a far-field isotropic emission profile and modifying this far-field profile without spoiling the associated high Q remains a challenge. Using a 2D annular cavity, we present a procedure capable to achieve these two apparently conflicting goals. With the correspondence between the classical and the wave picture, properties of the classical phase space shed some light on the characteristics of the wave dynamics. Specifically, the annular cavity has a well separated mixed phase space, a characteristic that proves to be of crucial importance in the emission properties of WGMs. While the onset of directionality in the far-field may be achieved through parametric deformation of the distance cavity-hole centers, this contribution presents a method to control the emission profile via a second parameter, the hole radius. The influence of the classical dynamics to control and predict the field emission will be demonstrated.
description: 12th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks
Species Doublers as Super Multiplet Partners in Lattice Supersymmetry
Creators: name: D'Adda, Alessandro
name: Feo, Alessandra
name: Kanamori, Issaku
name: Kawamoto, Noboru
name: Saito, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new lattice superfield formalism in momentum representation which accommodates species doublers of the lattice fermions and their bosonic counterparts as super multiplets. We explicitly show that one dimensional $N=2$ model with interactions has exact supersymmetry on the lattice for all super charges with lattice momentum. In coordinate representation the finite difference operator is made to satisfy Leibnitz rule by introducing a non local product, the "star" product, and the exact lattice supersymmetry is realized. Supersymmetric Ward identities are shown to be satisfied at one loop level.
description: 14 pages
title: The contributions of knowledge and stress to academic achievement
title: A meta-analysis, a latent transition analysis, and a latent state-trait model
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Flaig, Maja Sophie
Publisher: name: Trier University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Hochschule
subject: Studienleistung
subject: Wissen
subject: Stress
subject: Einfluss
subject: university
subject: academic achievement
subject: knowledge
subject: influence

description: Academic achievement is a central outcome in educational research, both in and outside higher education, has direct effects on individual’s professional and financial prospects and a high individual and public return on investment. Theories comprise cognitive as well as non-cognitive influences on achievement. Two examples frequently investigated in empirical research are knowledge (as a cognitive determinant) and stress (as a non-cognitive determinant) of achievement. However, knowledge and stress are not stable, what raises questions as to how temporal dynamics in knowledge on the one hand and stress on the other contribute to achievement. To study these contributions in the present doctoral dissertation, I used meta-analysis, latent profile transition analysis, and latent state-trait analysis. The results support the idea of knowledge acquisition as a cumulative and long-term process that forms the basis for academic achievement and conceptual change as an important mechanism for the acquisition of knowledge in higher education. Moreover, the findings suggest that students’ stress experiences in higher education are subject to stable, trait-like influences, as well as situational and/or interactional, state-like influences which are differentially related to achievement and health. The results imply that investigating the causal networks between knowledge, stress, and academic achievement is a promising strategy for better understanding academic achievement in higher education. For this purpose, future studies should use longitudinal designs, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analytical techniques. Potential practical applications include taking account of students’ prior knowledge in higher education teaching and decreasing stress among higher education students.
MPEC 2023-X148 : 2023 XG4
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 XG4

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Filamentary condensations in a young cluster
Creators: name: Myers, Philip C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New models are presented for star-forming condensations in clusters. In each model, the condensation mass increases linearly with radius on small scales, and more rapidly on large scales, as in "thermal-nonthermal" models. Spherical condensations with this structure form protostars which match the IMF if their infall is subject to equally likely stopping. However such spherical models do not match the filamentary nature of cluster gas, and they are too extended to form protostars having high mass and short spacing. Two hybrid models are presented, which are spherical on small scales and filamentary on large scales. In and around clusters, cores embedded in linear filaments match the elongation of cluster gas, and the central concentration of low-mass stars. In cluster centers, condensations require a low volume filling factor to produce massive stars with short spacing. These may have stellate shape, where cores are nodes of filamentary networks, as seen in some simulations of colliding flows and of collapsing turbulent clumps. A dense configuration of such stellate condensations may be indistinguishable from a clump forming multiple protostars via filamentary flow paths.
description: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Shock Waves in Nanomechanical Resonators
Creators: name: Beil, Florian W.
name: Wixforth, Achim
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Bichler, Max
name: Blick, Robert H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.50.Rb, 47.40.−x, 63.20.K−

description: We study the formation of shock waves in a nanomechanical resonator with an embedded two-dimensional electron gas using surface acoustic waves. The mechanical displacement of the nanoresonator is read out via the induced acoustoelectric current. Applying acoustical standing waves, we are able to determine the so-called anomalous acoustocurrent. This current is found only in the regime of shock wave formation.
title: Quartierspiegel Mühlebach 2024
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 314 Allgemeine Statistiken zu Europa
subject: 710 Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Zürich-Riesbach
subject: Quartier
subject: Amtliche Statistik
subject: Bevölkerungsstatistik

description: Im Gegensatz zu den Quartieren Seefeld und Weinegg finden sich im Quartier Mühlebach nur wenige öffentlich zugängliche Grünflächen. Dagegen gibt es hier rund um die denkmalgeschützten Villen zahlreiche Pärke. Im Verein mit den Restaurants und dem Kleingewerbe verleihen sie dem ruhigen Wohnquartier seinen Charakter.
title: Quartierspiegel Weinegg 2024
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 314 Allgemeine Statistiken zu Europa
subject: 710 Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung
subject: 949 Geschichte anderer Teile Europas
subject: Weinegg (Zürich)
subject: Zürich-Riesbach
subject: Quartier
subject: Amtliche Statistik
subject: Bevölkerungsstatistik

description: In keinem anderen Stadtteil finden sich so viele medizinische Einrichtungen wie im Quartier Weinegg. Neben dem «Burghölzli» sind hier das Schweizerische Epilepsie-Zentrum, die Universitätsklinik Balgrist sowie die beiden Privatkliniken Hirslanden und Schulthess zu Hause. Einen grünen Kontrapunkt setzt der Botanische Garten.
Determination of the spin-flip time in ferromagnetic SrRuO3 from time-resolved Kerr measurements
Creators: name: Kantner, C. L. S.
name: Langner, M. C.
name: Siemons, W.
name: Blok, J. L.
name: Koster, G.
name: Rijnders, A. J. H. M.
name: Ramesh, R.
name: Orenstein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report time-resolved Kerr effect measurements of magnetization dynamics in ferromagnetic SrRuO3. We observe that the demagnetization time slows substantially at temperatures within 15K of the Curie temperature, which is ~ 150K. We analyze the data with a phenomenological model that relates the demagnetization time to the spin flip time. In agreement with our observations the model yields a demagnetization time that is inversely proportional to T-Tc. We also make a direct comparison of the spin flip rate and the Gilbert damping coefficient showing that their ratio very close to kBTc, indicating a common origin for these phenomena.
Glassy state of native collagen fibril
Creators: name: Gevorkian, S. G.
name: Allahverdyan, A. E.
name: Gevorgyan, D. S.
name: Hu, Chin-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Our micromechanical experiments show that at physiological temperatures type I collagen fibril has several basic features of the glassy state. The transition out of this state [softening transition] essentially depends on the speed of heating v, e.g., for v=1 C/min it occurs around 70 C and is displayed by a peak of the internal friction and decreasing Young's modulus. The softening transition decreases by 45 C upon decreasing the heating speed to v=0.1 C/min. For temperatures 20-30 C the native collagen fibril demonstrates features of mechanical glassines at oscillation frequencies 0.1-3 kHz; in particular, the internal friction has a sharp maximum as a function of the frequency. This is the first example of biopolymer glassines at physiological temperatures, because well-known glassy features of DNA and globular proteins are seen only for much lower temperatures (around 200 K).
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Measurement of the production fraction times branching fraction f(b --> Λ_b)B(Λ_b --> J/ψΛ)
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Λ_b(udb) baryon is observed in the decay Λ_b --> J/ψΛusing 6.1 fb^{-1} of p\bar{p} collisions collected with the D0 detector at \sqrt{s}=1.96 TeV. The production fraction multiplied by the branching fraction for this decay relative to that for the decay B^0 --> J/ψK^0_s is measured to be 0.345 \pm 0.034 (stat.) \pm 0.033 (syst.) \pm 0.003 (PDG). Using the world average value of f(b --> B^0)B(B^0 --> J/ψK^0_s) = (1.74 \pm 0.08) \times 10^{-5}, we obtain f(b --> Λ_b)B(Λ_{b} --> J/ψΛ) = (6.01 \pm 0.60 (stat.) \pm 0.58 (syst.) \pm 0.28 (PDG)) \times 10^{-5}. This measurement represents an improvement in precision by about a factor of three with respect to the current world average.
description: Submitted to PRD-RC
Exciton condensate at a total filling factor of one in Corbino two-dimensional electron bilayers
Creators: name: Tiemann, L.
name: Lok, J. G. S.
name: Dietsche, W.
name: Klitzing, Klaus von
name: Muraki, K.
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.43.−f, 71.10.Pm, 71.35.Lk

description: Magnetotransport and drag measurements on a quasi-Corbino two-dimensional electron bilayer at a total filling factor of 1 (νT=1) reveal a drag voltage that is equal in magnitude to the drive voltage as soon as the two layers begin to form the expected νT=1 exciton condensate. The identity of both voltages remains present even at elevated temperatures of 0.25 K. The conductance of the drive layer vanishes only in the limit of strong coupling between the two layers and at T→0 K which suggests the presence of an excitonic circular current.
Super-Hopf realizations of Lie Superalgebras: Braided Paraparticle extensions of the Jordan-Schwinger map
Creators: name: Kanakoglou, K.
name: Daskaloyannis, C.
name: Herrera-Aguilar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B75 (Primary), 81R10, 17B60, 16W50

description: The mathematical structure of a mixed paraparticle system (combining both parabosonic and parafermionic degrees of freedom) commonly known as the Relative Parabose Set, will be investigated and a braided group structure will be described for it. A new family of realizations of an arbitrary Lie superalgebra will be presented and it will be shown that these realizations possess the valuable representation-theoretic property of transferring invariably the super-Hopf structure. Finally two classes of virtual applications will be outlined: The first is of interest for both mathematics and mathematical physics and deals with the representation theory of infinite dimensional Lie superalgebras, while the second is of interest in theoretical physics and has to do with attempts to determine specific classes of solutions of the Skyrme model.
description: Speakable and unspeakable in gravitational physics: testing gravity from submillimiter to cosmic scale. Proceedings of the VIII Mexican School on Gravitation and Mathematical Physics, Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo, MEXICO, Dec 2009, 8 pages
Interaction-induced temperature-dependent switching of the phase of commensurability oscillations in a one-dimensional lateral superlattice
Creators: name: Mitzkus, Christian
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Umanski, Vladimir
name: Eberl, Karl
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We study magnetotransport of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in the presence of an additional one-dimensional potential modulation. The commensurability oscillations observed in such a density modulated 2DES show a temperature dependent switching of their phase in the case when the modulation pattern is orientated parallel to the current. This behavior is compared with a recent theory on the consequences of electron electron interaction by Gornyi and Mirlin [Phys. Rev. B 69, 45313, (2004)]. The theory predicts a temperature dependent mixing of the components of the resistivity tensor, which explains the phase switching as an overlapping of two kinds of commensurability oscillations. Good qualitative agreement between experiment and theory is found.
Probabilistic dynamic rating curves using auxiliary information
Creators: name: Galindo Ruiz, Luis Camilo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Rating curves play a vital part in hydrology for producing streamflow time-series. The derived streamflow is an integral component to any hydrological study and therefore requires proper quantification of not only a discharge point value, but also an uncertainty measure. Using multivariate Gaussian distributions as kernels, a probabilistic rating curve was developed from the conditional distribution as an alternative model for the standard deterministic rating curve. Auxiliary information from a run-of-river hydroelectric project, as well as the temporal variability from the gauging measurements, were used to study the possible reduction in the uncertainty of the developed rating curve. The temporal information was modeled using an exponential function that updated upon receiving new gaugings and the sluicing model was a continuously updated kernel distribution that assigned more weight to gaugings taken after a sluicing event. Four models of varying complexity were created and their performance was evaluated using information theory measures such as surprise and the Kullback-Leibler divergence measure. The results indicate that probabilistic rating curves are useful tools for modeling and evaluating the dynamic uncertainty of the curves. The uncertainty was shown to be reduced by up to 19% by including the temporal information of the gaugings and sluicing information. Auxiliary information can be beneficial to rating curve development and an argument is made for why probabilistic rating curves should become a norm in the hydrology field.
A study of the domain structure at the spin transition of the fractional quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Stern, O.
name: Dini, D.
name: Freytag, N.
name: Dietsche, W.
name: Klitzing, Klaus von
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.21.-b; 73.43.-f; 73.50.Rb; 76.60.Cq

description: The electron spin polarization at the spin transition of the fractional quantum Hall effect was measured by combining Resistance Detected (RD) NMR with conventional NMR for small and large currents. The simultaneous observation of an unshifted and a Knight-shifted line is evidence of the different polarisation in different domain regions. Domains with full, partial or no polarization were also uncovered at v = 3/5 and 4/7. Surprisingly, measuring the conductivity with surface acoustic waves does not show any indication of the transition. This can be explained if the (conducting) domain walls have widths of less than 1% of the domains themselves.
The Magellanic Quasars Survey. I. Doubling the Number of Known AGNs Behind the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Kozlowski, Szymon
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: Udalski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the spectroscopic confirmation of 29 new, 12 plausible, and 3 previously known quasars behind the central ~1.5 deg^2 region of the Small Magellanic Cloud. These were identified in a single 2df/AAOmega observation on the Anglo-Australian Telescope of 268 candidates selected primarily based on their mid-IR colors, along with a smaller number of optically variable sources in OGLE-II close to known X-ray sources. The low detection efficiency was partly expected from the high surface density of SMC as compared to the LMC targets and the faintness of many of them (149 with I>20 mag). The expected number of I<20 mag quasars in the field is ~38, and we found 15 (22 with plausible) or 40% (60%). We did not attempt to determine the nature of the remaining sources, although several appear to be new planetary nebulae. The newly discovered AGNs can be used as reference points for future proper motion studies, to study absorption in the interstellar medium, and to study the physics of quasar variability with the existing long-term, highly cadenced OGLE light curves.
description: 6 emulated ApJ pages, 3 figures, 2 tables; Submitted to ApJ
Possible Lattice Distortions in the Hubbard Model for Graphene
Creators: name: Frank, Rupert L.
name: Lieb, Elliott H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hubbard model on the honeycomb lattice is a well known model for graphene. Equally well known is the Peierls type of instability of the lattice bond lengths. In the context of these two approximations we ask and answer the question of the possible lattice distortions for graphene in zero magnetic field. The answer is that in the thermodynamic limit only periodic, reflection-symmetric distortions are allowed and these have at most six atoms per unit cell as compared to two atoms for the undistorted lattice.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Isotropically Driven versus Outflow Driven Turbulence: Observational Consequences for Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Carroll, Jonathan J.
name: Frank, Adam
name: Blackman, Eric G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feedback from protostellar outflows can influence the nature of turbulence in star forming regions even if they are not the primary source of velocity dispersion for all scales of molecular clouds. For the rate and power expected in star forming regions, we previously (Carroll et al. 2009) demonstrated that outflows could drive supersonic turbulence at levels consistent with the scaling relations from Matzner 2007 although with a steeper velocity power spectrum than expected for an isotropically driven supersonic turbulent cascade. Here we perform higher resolution simulations and combine simulations of outflow driven turbulence with those of isotropically forced turbulence. We find that the presence of outflows within an ambient isotropically driven turbulent environment produces a knee in the velocity power spectrum at the outflow scale and a steeper slope at sub-outflow scales than for a purely isotropically forced case. We also find that the presence of outflows flattens the density spectrum at large scales effectively reducing the formation of large scale turbulent density structures. These effects are qualitatively independent of resolution. We have also carried out Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for synthetic data from our simulations. We find that PCA as a tool for identifying the driving scale of turbulence has a misleading bias toward low amplitude large scale velocity structures even when they are not necessarily the dominant energy containing scales. This bias is absent for isotropically forced turbulence but manifests strongly for collimated outflow driven turbulence.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to ApJ
Ultrafast optical studies of diffusion barriers between ferromagnetic Ga(Mn)As layers and non-magnetic quantum wells
Creators: name: Schulz, Robert
name: Korn, Tobias
name: Stich, Dominik
name: Wurstbauer, Ursula
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Schüller, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Ga(Mn)As; Quantum well; Heterostructures; Spin dephasing; Spin injection
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 61.72.Vv; 61.82.Fk; 78.47.+p; 78.55.−m; 78.67.De

description: In recent years, ferromagnetic Ga(Mn)As has emerged as a highly interesting material for semiconductor spintronics. One possible application is to use Ga(Mn)As as an injector layer to inject spin-polarized carriers into a non-magnetic semiconductor heterostructure. As Ga(Mn)As layers are typically grown at much lower substrate temperatures than high-mobility GaAs heterostructures, a combination of both requires that the ferromagnetic layer is grown last. We have prepared samples by molecular beam epitaxy which consist of two quantum wells (QWs) of different widths grown at high substrate temperature. The upper QW is separated by a thin barrier (few nm) from a ferromagnetic Ga(Mn)As layer grown at low substrate temperature, while the lower QW is widely separated (more than 100 nm) from the Ga(Mn)As. We observe that the photoluminescence of the upper QW is red-shifted and partially quenched as compared to a control sample without a Ga(Mn)As layer, and time-resolved Faraday rotation measurements reveal that the spin lifetime in the upper QW is up to 50 times longer than the one in the lower QW. We attribute these observations to Mn back-diffusion into the upper QW during sample growth. Both, the PL and the Faraday rotation technique, are highly sensitive to small quantities (below 0.05%) of Mn and allow us to study the effectiveness of different types (e.g., a short-period superlattice) and thicknesses of barrier layers in suppressing Mn diffusion.
Associated Production of Non-Standard Higgs Bosons at the LHC
Creators: name: Kaplan, David E.
name: McEvoy, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the feasibility of seeing a Higgs boson which decays to four partons through a pair of (pseudo-)scalars at the LHC. We restrict our search to Higgs bosons produced in association with a W/Z boson at high transverse momentum. We argue that subjet analysis techniques are a good discriminant between such events and W/Z plus jets and top-antitop production. For light scalar masses (below 30 GeV), we find evidence that a flavor-independent search for such a non-standard Higgs boson is plausible with 100 fb^-1 of data, while a Higgs decaying to heavier scalars is only likely to be visible in models where scalar decays to b quarks dominate.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Strangeness and Chiral Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Dahiya, Harleen
name: Sharma, Neetika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The implications of chiral symmetry breaking and SU(3) symmetry breaking have been studied in the chiral constituent quark model ($χ$CQM). The role of hidden strangeness component has been investigated for the scalar matrix elements of the nucleon with an emphasis on the meson-nucleon sigma terms. The $χ$CQM is able to give a qualitative and quantitative description of the "quark sea" generation through chiral symmetry breaking. The significant contribution of the strangeness is consistent with the recent available experimental observations.
description: 10 pages, 1 table. To appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Examining Procedural Legal Challenges of Ethiopian Electoral Law Frameworks for Realizing Electoral Justice in Court Litigation
Creators: name: Mengesha, Abenezer Nahome
Publisher: name: Bahir Dar University Journal of Law
Year: 2024

description: An effective electoral dispute resolution system is crucial to any democratic process. Such a system guarantees that all eligible voters can participate, that elections are conducted fairly and transparently, and that results truly reflect the voters' will.Furthermore, it fosters trust in both the electoral process and the broader democratic system by providing a clear mechanism for resolving disputes.This research examines how Ethiopian electoral law and the election dispute resolution system align with international standards and best practices. The study aims to identify the nature and type of the current system and to assess the challenges associated with achieving electoral justice through court litigation. The researcher employed a doctrinal research method to explore procedural legal challenges and analyzed selected court decisions to illustrate their practical effects. The findings indicate that significant procedural legal challenges exist within the current legal framework for ensuring electoral justice through court litigation. These challenges include: the absence of a specific procedural law addressing election disputes, unclear provisions in the election proclamation regarding the finality of appellate court decisions, and a lack of clarity on jurisdiction for disputes, particularly those related to candidate registration, voter registration, and the voting process in specific jurisdictions such as Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa. Based on these findings, the study proposes recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of the electoral dispute resolution system in Ethiopia.
description: Bahir Dar University Journal of Law, Vol 14 No 2 (2024)
Electron-electron interaction in one- and two-dimensional ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As
Creators: name: Neumaier, Daniel
name: Schlapps, Markus
name: Wurstbauer, Ursula
name: Sadowski, Janusz
name: Reinwald, Matthias
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Weiss, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: annealing, Curie temperature, ferromagnetic materials, gallium arsenide, galvanomagnetic effects, III-V semiconductors, magnetic anisotropy, magnetic epitaxial layers, manganese compounds, molecular beam epitaxial growth, semiconductor epitaxial layers, semiconductor growth, semimagnetic semiconductors
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.23.−b, 75.50.Pp, 73.20.Fz

description: We investigated the magnetotransport in high quality ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As films and wires. At low temperature the conductivity decreases with decreasing temperature without saturation down to 20 mK. Here we show that the conductivity decrease follows a ln(T∕T0) dependency in two-dimensional films and a −1∕√T dependency in one-dimensional wires and is independent of an applied magnetic field. This behavior can be explained by the theory of electron-electron interaction.
Antibiotic resistance, the 3As and the road ahead
Creators: name: Antão, Esther-Maria
name: Vincze, Szilvia
name: Hanke, Regina
name: Klimmek, Lukas
name: Suchecka, Katarzyna
name: Lübke-Becker, Antina
name: Wieler, Lothar H.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Antibiotic resistance
subject: One-Health
subject: Awareness
subject: Healthcare
subject: Microbiome
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Antibiotic resistance is by far one of the most important health threats of our time. Only a global concerted effort of several disciplines based on the One-Health concept will help in slowing down this process and potentially mitigate the ruin of healthcare we have come to enjoy. In this review, we attempt to summarize the most basic and important topics that serve as good information tools to create Awareness. The Availability of antibiotics or the lack thereof is another significant factor that must be given thought, and finally because antibiotic resistance is a problem that will not go away, it is important to have Alternatives. Together, we have the 3As, essential concepts, in dealing with this growing and complex problem.
Mathematical results for some $\displaystyleα$ models of turbulence with critical and subcritical regularizations
Creators: name: Ali, Hani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we establish the existence of a unique "regular" weak solution to turbulent flows governed by a general family of $α$ models with critical regularizations. In particular this family contains the simplified Bardina model and the modified Leray-$α$ model. When the regularizations are subcritical, we prove the existence of weak solutions and we establish an upper bound on the Hausdorff dimension of the time singular set of those weak solutions. The result is an interpolation between the bound proved by Scheffer for the Navier-Stokes equations and the regularity result in the critical case.
Nonequilibrium interactions between two quantum circuits
Creators: name: Khrapai, V. S.
name: Ludwig, Stefan
name: Kotthaus, Jörg P.
name: Tranitz, Hans-Peter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We briefly overview our recent results on nonequilibrium interactions between neighbouring electrically isolated nanostructures. One of the nanostructures is represented by an externally biased quantum point contact (drive-QPC), which is used to supply energy quanta to the second nanostructure (detector). Absorption of these nonequilibrium quanta of energy generates a dc current in the detector, or changes its differential conductance. We present results for a double quantum dot, a single quantum dot or a second QPC placed in the detector circuit. In all three cases a detection of quanta with energies up to ~1 meV is possible for bias voltages across the drive-QPC in the mV range. The results are qualitatively consistent with an energy transfer mechanism based on nonequilibrium acoustic phonons.
HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters in nine European countries and Canada: association with demographic and clinical factors
Creators: name: Paraskevis, Dimitrios
name: Beloukas, Apostolos
name: Stasinos, Kostantinos
name: Pantazis, Nikos
name: De Mendoza, Carmen
name: Bannert, Norbert
name: Meyer, Laurence
name: Zangerle, Robert
name: Gill, John
name: Prins, Maria
name: D'Arminio Montforte, Antonella
name: Bakken Kran, Anne-Marte
name: Porter, Kholoud
name: Touloumi, Giota
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Transmission networks
subject: Regional epidemics
subject: Phylogenies
subject: Clusters
subject: HIV epidemic
subject: HIV
subject: Molecular epidemiology
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background Knowledge of HIV-1 molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) is important, especially in large-scale datasets, for designing prevention programmes and public health intervention strategies. We used a large-scale HIV-1 sequence dataset from nine European HIV cohorts and one Canadian, to identify MTCs and investigate factors associated with the probability of belonging to MTCs. Methods To identify MTCs, we applied maximum likelihood inferences on partial pol sequences from 8955 HIV-positive individuals linked to demographic and clinical data. MTCs were defined using two different criteria: clusters with bootstrap support >75% (phylogenetic confidence criterion) and clusters consisting of sequences from a specific region at a proportion of >75% (geographic criterion) compared to the total number of sequences within the network. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with MTC clustering. Results Although 3700 (41%) sequences belonged to MTCs, proportions differed substantially by country and subtype, ranging from 7% among UK subtype C sequences to 63% among German subtype B sequences. The probability of belonging to an MTC was independently less likely for women than men (OR = 0.66; P < 0.001), older individuals (OR = 0.79 per 10-year increase in age; P < 0.001) and people of non-white ethnicity (OR = 0.44; P < 0.001 and OR = 0.70; P = 0.002 for black and ‘other’ versus white, respectively). It was also more likely among men who have sex with men (MSM) than other risk groups (OR = 0.62; P < 0.001 and OR = 0.69; P = 0.002 for people who inject drugs, and sex between men and women, respectively), subtype B (ORs 0.36–0.70 for A, C, CRF01 and CRF02 versus B; all P < 0.05), having a well-estimated date of seroconversion (OR = 1.44; P < 0.001), a later calendar year of sampling (ORs 2.01–2.61 for all post-2002 periods versus pre-2002; all P < 0.01), and being naïve to antiretroviral therapy at sampling (OR = 1.19; P = 0.010). Conclusions A high proportion (>40%) of individuals belonged to MTCs. Notably, the HIV epidemic dispersal appears to be driven by subtype B viruses spread within MSM networks. Expansion of regional epidemics seems mainly associated with recent MTCs, rather than the growth of older, established ones. This information is important for designing prevention and public health intervention strategies.
Dietary choline intake and biomarkers of choline status across the life cycle
Creators: name: Wiedeman Manriquez, Alejandra M
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is involved in a broad range of critical physiological functions as a precursor for the synthesis of acetylcholine, phospholipids, and betaine. The current dietary recommendations for choline were set as Adequate Intakes (AIs), estimated based on limited data and expressed as total choline. However, dietary choline is present in different forms, which can be classified as water-soluble forms (free choline, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine), and lipid-soluble forms (phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin). Despite its importance, there is still limited information available about choline intake and plasma and milk concentrations. Therefore, the overall goal of my research was to advance our knowledge of choline nutrition. To address this goal, I conducted four studies on healthy participants of different age groups across the life cycle, in which dietary choline intake was assessed and/or milk and plasma concentrations of choline and metabolites were determined by stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The first study validated a food frequency questionnaire to assess dietary total choline intake. The second study showed that the concentrations of water-soluble forms of choline in human milk samples did not differ between lactating women from a high- (Canada) and a low-income (Cambodia) countries; in both cases, the estimated means of milk total choline were below the AI for infants aged 0 – 6 mo. The third study showed that one fasted or fed blood sample was adequate to quantify plasma choline concentrations, but recent food intake increased its concentrations in healthy adults. The last study showed that plasma free choline was not associated with choline intake among toddlers, children, and adults. This research has generated a considerable body of information about choline nutrition across the life cycle. In conclusion, these results suggest an overestimation of the current choline AI for infants and possibly for lactating women, thus emphasizing a need for reevaluating the AIs. The absence of an association between dietary choline intake and plasma free choline suggests the need for a better understanding of choline nutrition and metabolism is warranted.
The role of Rho kinase 2 in the development of ischemia/reperfusion injury in normal and diabetic hearts
Creators: name: Garcia Patino, Marysol
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: During myocardial infarction, the heart enters into an ischemic state that, if untreated, leads to cell death. To avoid this, reperfusion must be instituted. However, this causes a type of cardiac damage known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Concomitant diseases such as diabetes not only increase the risk of myocardial infarction, but also intensify susceptibility to I/R injury. Over-activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) has been reported to contribute to I/R injury; however, it is unknown whether ROCK1, ROCK2 or both isoforms, is/are responsible for this effect. Furthermore, it has not been determined if the cardioprotective activity of ROCK inhibition is maintained under diabetic conditions. Here, we evaluated the contribution of ROCK2 to myocardial I/R injury, as well as its role during diabetes. The induction of I/R injury impaired cardiac function in wild-type (WT) but not heterozygous ROCK2-knockdown (ROCK2+/-) mice. Infarct size was also lower in ROCK2+/- mice than in their WT counterparts, while an I/R-induced increase in ROCK activity was detected only in WT hearts. The cardioprotection observed in ROCK2+/- mice was associated with increased Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation and a reduction of I/R-induced cytokine production. Compared to their ROCK2-expressing counterparts, cardiac-specific ROCK2 knockout (cROCK2-/-) mice subjected to I/R also had a smaller infarct size, suggesting that the deleterious effects of I/R are at least partially regulated by cardiomyocyte ROCK2. However, the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin treatment abrogated the protective effect of cardiomyocyte-specific ROCK2 deletion. ROCK activity was comparable in control and diabetic post-I/R cROCK2-/- hearts, but the increase in Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation was no longer detected under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, cytokine production in non-diabetic cROCK2-/- mice was higher than in their ROCK2 expressing counterparts, and this was normalized in diabetic conditions. Overall, these results show that ROCK2 plays a significant role in the development of myocardial I/R injury, and that its inhibition is associated with activation of the pro-survival RISK-pathway. Moreover, the cardioprotection obtained by the cardiac-specific deletion of this isoform suggests that I/R-induced ROCK2 activation takes place in the cardiomyocyte. However, this cardioprotective effect is lost during diabetes, possibly due to impaired Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation.
InSitu Reduction of Charge Noise in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Schottky-Gated Devices
Creators: name: Buizert, Christo
name: Koppens, Frank H. L.
name: Pioro-Ladriere, Michel
name: Tranitz, Hans-Peter
name: Vink, Ivo T.
name: Tarucha, Seigo
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Vandersypen, Lieven M. K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 85.30.−z, 72.20.Jv, 72.70.+m, 73.23.−b

description: We show that an insulated electrostatic gate can be used to strongly suppress ubiquitous background charge noise in Schottky-gated GaAs/AlGaAs devices. Via a 2D self-consistent simulation of the conduction band profile we show that this observation can be explained by reduced leakage of electrons from the Schottky gates into the semiconductor through the Schottky barrier, consistent with the effect of “bias cooling.” Upon noise reduction, the noise power spectrum generally changes from Lorentzian to 1/f type. By comparing wafers with different Al content, we exclude that DX centers play a dominant role in the charge noise.
Taken For Granted: Examining Structural Prejudice in a Land Grant University's Archives
Creators: name: Beland, Scotty
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023
Subjects: Land Grant University
University of Maryland
archival practice
social justice
diversity
equity
inclusion
reparative archiving

description: Many are familiar with the term “Land Grant University”, but what does this actually mean and how does that affect how an institution functions? The legacy of what it means to be a Land Grant University has changed over time and continues to evolve. There is a definite financial benefit that comes with a Land Grant designation, but there is more to be understood regarding the social impacts of this designation. There are parallels between events that shaped the changing objectives in Land Grant institutions and the social inequities that have occurred throughout campus histories from the inception of the Morrill Act to today. Based on research and a small solo exhibition entitled “Taken For Granted: The Legacy of a Land Grant University” in the Maryland Room at the University of Maryland College Park’s (UMD) Hornbake Library, this poster presented a recap of my research and exhibition design, discussed my findings related to archival practices and institutional identity, and explains how understanding the social history of an institution can vary from diverse perspectives. The stories of marginalized and underrepresented groups in the University’s history were included to demonstrate generational prejudices up to the present day.