cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards ultra-fast and ultra-broadband all-fibre laser systems for the mid-infrared
Creators: name: Antipov, Sergei
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The ongoing research and development of laser sources pushes the spectral boundaries of their operation wavelengths. Located on the long-wavelength side of the electromagnetic spectrum, the mid-infrared (IR) region has attracted considerable attention due to its unique overlap with the strongest rotational-vibrational absorption lines of many common molecules, as well as with the strongest absorption peaks of liquid water. These unique features of the mid-IR spectral region have found numerous applications, ranging from remote gas sensing to ablative surgery of soft and hard tissue. However, ultrafast fibre lasers and ultra-broadband fibre sources operating in the mid-IR region are at a very early development stage, despite the advantages fibre-based systems offer in general, associated with their unique stability and high potential for power scaling. The main aim of this work was therefore to pave the way for the development of ultrafast and broadband all-fibre mid-IR fibre lasers and to fabricate the required in-fibre components. This goal was achieved by exploring three major topics. The main outcome was the construction of a novel ultrafast Ho3+, Pr3+ doped 3 μm class ZBLAN fibre laser system with a record-high peak power of 41 kW and ultrashort pulse duration. The developed laser system has the capability to benefit applications that require long-distance atmospheric propagation as well as applications associated with the precise ablation of biological tissue due to the overlap of the emission wavelength with the liquid water absorption maximum and the reduced atmospheric losses, associated with the water vapor and CO2 absorption, compared to existing Er3+ doped ZBLAN fibre lasers. The second major achievement presented in this Thesis was the direct femtosecond laser inscription of chirped fibre Bragg gratings into silica and into ZBLAN fibres via a newly developed technique. The inscription of chirped fibre Bragg gratings in ZBLAN fibre has never been reported before. The inscription of chirped fibre Bragg gratings is an important step towards an all-fibre mid-IR laser design as it enables intracavity dispersion management as well as chirped pulse amplification of mid-IR laser pulses. An all-fibre design is highly desirable due to its extraordinary robustness and versatility. The last key result was the demonstration of supercontinuum generation in chalcogenide and fluoride glass fibres, pumped by the developed ultrafast holmium [III] laser. This supercontinuum source demonstrates the high potential of the holmium [III] fibre laser for the generation of ultra-broadband optical radiation in the mid-infrared and thus represents an important milestone for the remote gas sensing applications.
Estratégias para o aumento do consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV): protocolo de síntese rápida de evidências
Creators: name: Luquine, Cézar
name: de Araujo, Bruna
name: de Moura Milhomens, Lais
name: da Silva, Letícia
name: de Melo, Roberta
name: de Bortoli, Maritsa
name: Toma, Tereza
name: Barreto, Jorge
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Health Education and Promotion
subject: Public Health
subject: Nutrition
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine
subject: feeding behavior
subject: health promotion
subject: healthy eating
subject: nutrition
subject: rapid review

description: Quais intervenções são eficazes/efetivas e seguras para aumentar o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV)?
Order and chaos in a three dimensional galaxy model
Creators: name: Jung, Christof
name: Zotos, Euaggelos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the orbital dynamics of a realistic three dimensional model describing the properties of a disk galaxy with a spherically symmetric central dense nucleus and a triaxial dark matter halo component. Regions of phase space with regular and chaotic motion are identified depending on the parameter values for triaxiality of the dark matter halo and for breaking the rotational symmetry. The four dimensional Poincaré map of the three degrees of freedom system is analyzed by a study of its restriction to various two dimensional invariant subsets of its domain.
description: Published in Mechanics Research Communications (MRC) journal
title: Display quality control based on luminance measurements in post-processing units at imaging diagnosis centers
Creators: name: Santos, Joana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Technical aspects
subject: Equipment
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Professional issues
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Quality assurance

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The aim of this study was assessing display devices for diagnosis and visualization/treatment by means of the measurement of parameters such as luminance and illuminance, comparing such measurement results with values recommended by internationally...
Entanglement Entropy from Corner Transfer Matrix in Forrester Baxter non-unitary RSOS models
Creators: name: Bianchini, Davide
name: Ravanini, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Corner Transfer Matrix approach, we compute the bipartite entanglement Rényi entropy in the off-critical perturbations of non-unitary conformal minimal models realised by lattice spin chains Hamiltonians related to the Forrester Baxter RSOS models in regime III. This allows to show on a set of explicit examples that the Rényi entropies for non-unitary theories rescale near criticality as the logarithm of the correlation length with a coefficient proportional to the effective central charge. This complements a similar result, recently established for the size rescaling at the critical point, showing the expected agreement of the two behaviours. We also compute the first subleading unusual correction to the scaling behaviour, showing that it is expressible in terms of expansions of various fractional powers of the correlation length, related to the differences $Δ-Δ_{\min}$ between the conformal dimensions of fields in the theory and the minimal conformal dimension. Finally, a few observations on the limit leading to the off-critical logarithmic minimal models of Pearce and Seaton are put forward.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures
2021 - The Role of Coping Response Features on Psychological and Physical Well-Being and Markers of HIV Progression among Individuals Newly Diagnosed with HIV in Two Longitudinal Samples - Examining the effect of IRISS Positive Emotion Regulation Intervention as Moderator of the Coping – Well-Being and Health Relationships.
Creators: name: Bastarache, Emily
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The pre-registration has been uploaded to this project as a pdf. The document is titled "Preregistration of Secondary Data Analysis_Bastarache_etal_Dissertation_Final_2021.pdf". The pre-registration follows a template provided for pre-registration of secondary data analyses. The proposed analyses examine the effect of between- and within-person differences in coping responses on adjustment to a recent HIV diagnosis in two longitudinal samples (CHAI and IRISS). Research questions also examine the effect of the IRISS positive emotion regulation intervention on coping response features and as a moderator of the coping - well-being/health relationships.
title: External pneumatic compression device prevents fainting in standing weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging: a cohort study
Creators: name: Boesen, Mikael
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: MR
subject: Complications
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Safety

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To investigate if a peristaltic external pneumatic compression device attached to the legs while scanning can reduce the risk of fainting in standing weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging...
Ground-state densities of repulsive two-component Fermi gases
Creators: name: Trappe, M. I.
name: Grochowski, P.
name: Brewczyk, M.
name: Rzążewski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate separations of trapped balanced two-component atomic Fermi gases with repulsive contact interaction. Candidates for ground-state densities are obtained from the imaginary-time evolution of a nonlinear pseudo-Schrödinger equation in three dimensions, rather than from the cumbersome variational equations. With the underlying hydrodynamical approach, gradient corrections to the Thomas-Fermi approximation are conveniently included and are shown to be vital for reliable density profiles. We provide critical repulsion strengths that mark the onset of phase transitions in a harmonic trap. We present transitions from identical density profiles of the two fermion species towards isotropic and anisotropic separations for various confinements, including harmonic and double-well-type traps. Our proposed method is suited for arbitrary trap geometries and can be straightforwardly extended to study dynamics in the light of ongoing experiments on degenerate Fermi gases.
description: 11 pages, 17 figures
Impacts of storms and sea-level rise on coastal evolution between two capes: Onslow Bay, North Carolina
Creators: name: Yu, Winnie
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2012

description: This study examines the stratigraphy of Onslow Beach, a barrier island centrally-located between Cape Lookout and Cape Fear. Its depositional history is compared to predictions from numerical models based on wave climate and sediment transport. The models imply that the central embayment experiences greater erosion than cape flanks and increased storminess intensifies those trends. Nine paleo-washover fans identified in sediment cores collected along the island revealed rapid transgression rates over the last ~1800 years while a barrier island located near Cape Lookout prograded seaward, which supports the numerical model. Washover fan deposition on Onslow Beach was not correlated with periods of increased storms, but was related to the increase in rate of sea-level rise in the last 150 years. The island is likely more vulnerable to accelerated sea-level rise due to the central location of the island within the embayment and the lack of sediment in this region.
Towards a More Resilient Web Infrastructure
Creators: name: Kashaf, Aqsa
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 90699
subject: Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: The modern web ecosystem is complex in which multiple web infrastructure providers e.g., DNS, and CDN rely on each other for certain services giving rise to a complex mesh of dependencies e.g., Netflix uses Symantec as CA which uses Verisign for DNS. These dependencies can result in consolidation in the web when multiple websites rely on the same provider, leading to single points of failure. Moreover, the network of a web infrastructure provider itself is complex due to the presence of network functions (software or hardware boxes that perform some processing task on packets e.g., load balancer, firewall) which often become a bottleneck in the face of an attack, often resulting in an outage of the web infrastructure provider. This outage, can, in turn, affect the web ecosystem as a whole due to the dependencies among web infrastructure providers. For example, a network function bottleneck in a DNS provider's network (say DNS-A) may cause its outage, which may in turn cause an outage for the websites and service providers using DNS-A. Keeping in mind the aforementioned risks to the resilience of the web, in this thesis, we first measure the prevalence and impact of dependencies among \web infrastructure providers. We focus on three critical infrastructure services: DNS, CDN, and certificate revocation checking by a Certificate Authority (CA). We analyze both direct (e.g., Twitter uses Dyn) and indirect (e.g., Netflix uses Symantec as its CA, which itself uses Verisign for DNS) dependencies. Moreover, dependencies may also vary across regions, as the service providers and popular websites may differ across regions. Hence, as a first step in understanding the region-specific trends in dependencies, we study dependencies in an African context and offer Africa-specific insights. Besides studying third-party service dependencies that affect web infrastructure resilience, we also propose a technique to identify network function bottlenecks within a web infrastructure provider. Identifying network function bottlenecks in a web infrastructure provider's network can help their network operators to minimize the bottlenecks. Our work is an important first step towards establishing actionable metrics that can help web infrastructure providers in understanding their outage risk. They can use this knowledge to make informed decisions about their resilience. Consequently, this may help to mitigate the effects of large-scale incidents, improve resilience to outages, and minimize overall exposure to risk.
title: Easy imaging criteria after induction chemotherapy in localized Ewing sarcoma
Creators: name: Vanel, Daniel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Oncology
subject: CT
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Treatment effects
subject: Neoplasia

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Histological necrosis is the main prognostic factor in Ewing sarcomas. It guides the possible chemointensification. But 20-30% of patients are only irradiated, and the histology of the specimen is not available. In those cases, can we evaluate...
Plasmon Weyl Degeneracies in Magnetized Plasma
Creators: name: Gao, Wenlong
name: Yang, Biao
name: Lawrence, Mark
name: Fang, Fengzhou
name: Béri, Benjamin
name: Zhang, Shuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we report the presence of novel type of plasmon Weyl points in a naturally existing material - magnetized plasma. In such a medium, conventional, purely longitudinal bulk plasma oscillations exists only along the direction of applied magnetic field (z direction). With strong enough magnetic field, there exist helical propagating modes along z direction with circular polarizations. The orthogonality between the longitudinal bulk plasmon mode and the transverse helical propagating modes guarantees their crossing at the bulk plasmon frequency. These crossing points, embedded in the bulk plasmon dispersion line, serve as monopoles in the k space - the so called Weyl points. These Weyl points lead to salient observable features. These include the highly intriguing observation that, at a magnetized plasma surface which is parallel to the applied magnetic field, reflection of an electromagnetic wave with in-plane wave-vector close to the Weyl points exhibits chiral behavior only in half of the k plane, which is bounded by the projection of the bulk plasmon dispersion line. We also verify the presence of 'Fermi arcs' connecting the two Weyl points with opposite chiralities when magnetized plasma interfaces with trivial photonic materials. Our study introduces the concept of Weyl photonics into homogeneous strongly dispersive photonic materials, which could pave way for realizing new topological photonic devices.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Learning to school in the presence of hydrodynamic interactions
Creators: name: Gazzola, Mattia
name: Tchieu, Andrew A.
name: Alexeev, Dmitry
name: de Brauer, Alexia
name: Koumoutsakos, Petros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Schooling, an archetype of collective behavior, emerges from the interactions of fish responding to visual and other informative cues mediated by their aqueous environment. In this context, a fundamental and largely unexplored question concerns the role of hydrodynamics. Here, we investigate schooling by modeling swimmers as vortex dipoles whose interactions are governed by the Biot-Savart law. When we enhance these dipoles with behavioral rules from classical agent based models we find that they do not lead robustly to schooling due to flow mediated interactions. In turn, we present dipole swimmers equipped with adaptive decision-making that learn, through a reinforcement learning algorithm, to adjust their gaits in response to non-linearly varying hydrodynamic loads. The dipoles maintain their relative position within a formation by adapting their strength and school in a variety of prescribed geometrical arrangements. Furthermore, we identify schooling patterns that minimize the individual and the collective swimming effort, through an evolutionary optimization. The present work suggests that the adaptive response of individual swimmers to flow-mediated interactions is critical in fish schooling.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
title: Imaging Focal Fatty Liver Changes with Conventional and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound: Pearls, Pitfalls and Practical Approach
Creators: name: Kuzmich, Siarhei
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Liver
subject: Contrast agents
subject: Metastases

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To become familiar with the spectrum of ultrasound manifestations of common and unusual focal fatty liver changes and gain understanding of contrast enhanced ultrasound use for confident...
title: Preparation of MR molecular probes targeting CD40 mutant and the preliminary study of imaging breast cancer in vitro
Creators: name: Luo, Xianfu
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Breast
subject: MR
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Monoclonal antibodies

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Molecular imaging, generally defined as noninvasiveimagingof cellular and subcellular events, has gained tremendous depth and breadth as a research and clinical discipline in recent years(1-2). The coalescence of major advances in...
A study of the C$_3$H$_2$ isomers and isotopologues: first interstellar detection of HDCCC
Creators: name: Spezzano, S.
name: Gupta, H.
name: Brünken, S.
name: Gottlieb, C. A.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Müller, H. S. P.
name: Bizzocchi, L.
name: Schilke, P.
name: McCarthy, M. C.
name: Schlemmer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The partially deuterated linear isomer HDCCC of the ubiquitous cyclic carbene ($c$-C$_3$H$_2$) was observed in the starless cores TMC-1C and L1544 at 96.9 GHz, and a confirming line was observed in TMC-1 at 19.38 GHz. To aid the identification in these narrow line sources, four centimetre-wave rotational transitions (two in the previously reported $K_a =0$ ladder, and two new ones in the $K_a =1$ ladder), and 23 transitions in the millimetre band between 96 and 272 GHz were measured in high-resolution laboratory spectra. Nine spectroscopic constants in a standard asymmetric top Hamiltonian allow the principal transitions of astronomical interest in the $K_a \le 3$ rotational ladders to be calculated to within 0.1 km s$^{-1}$ in radial velocity up to 400 GHz. Conclusive evidence for the identification of the two astronomical lines of HDCCC was provided by the $V_{\rm{LSR}}$ which is the same as that of the normal isotopic species (H$_2$CCC) in the three narrow line sources. In these sources, deuterium fractionation in singly substituted H$_2$CCC (HDCCC/H$_2$CCC $\sim4\%\text{-}19\%$) is comparable to that in $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ ($c$-C$_3$H$_2$/$c$-C$_3$HD $\sim5\%\text{-}17\%$), and similarly in doubly deuterated $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ ($c$-C$_3$D$_2$/$c$-C$_3$HD $\sim3\%\text{-}17\%$), implying that the efficiency of the deuteration processes in the H$_2$CCC and $c$-C$_3$H$_2$ isomers are comparable in dark clouds.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Development of a smoking cessation intervention for rural veterans seeking elective orthopaedic surgery
Creators: name: Song Mayeda, Marissa
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Smoking Cessation
subject: United States Department of Veterans Affairs
subject: Rural Population
subject: Orthopaedic Surgery
subject: Elective Surgery

description: To reduce surgical complications related to smoking, some Veteran Affairs (VA) medical centers have implemented requirements that patients quit smoking prior to elective surgery. Rural-residing Veterans are more likely to be affected by this requirement as they are more likely to smoke, less likely to quit, and experience challenges accessing specialty care. The incentive of a desired surgery could be an opportune time (“teachable moment”) to assist patients in quitting smoking. Our study examined experiences and perceptions related to this cessation requirement to inform development of a peri-operative smoking cessation intervention.
The Fuchsian approach to global existence for hyperbolic equations
Creators: name: SANTAMARIA, JOSE ARTURO OLVERA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10110 Partial Differential Equations
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10504 Mathematical Aspects of General Relativity

description: In this thesis we apply a new method to obtain global existence solutions of wave equations on Minkowski and Schwarzschild space-times with quadratic terms that satisfy the null condition and in the case of Minkowski space-time, a restricted version of the weak null condition. Introducing suitable variables, we transform these wave equations into first order symmetric hyperbolic Fuchsian equations, such that they are defined on a bounded space-time region. This allow us to apply the existence theory from [1], which by construction, yields solutions to the original system of wave equations on a neighbourhood of spatial infinity.
title: Efficient Workflows and Reporting for RECIST and Other Quantitative Imaging Standards in Cancer Research and Clinical Practice
Creators: name: Baumhauer, Matthias
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Image verification
subject: Image registration
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: PET
subject: MR
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Oncology
subject: Management
subject: Computer applications

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Modern targeted therapies play an increasingly important role in the treatment of cancer patients in the era of personalized medicine. Clinical studies already demonstrated considerable tumor response (increased overall survival) under treatment...
Classifying orbits in the restricted three-body problem
Creators: name: Zotos, Euaggelos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The case of the planar circular restricted three-body problem is used as a test field in order to determine the character of the orbits of a small body which moves under the gravitational influence of the two heavy primary bodies. We conduct a thorough numerical analysis on the phase space mixing by classifying initial conditions of orbits and distinguishing between three types of motion: (i) bounded, (ii) escape and (iii) collisional. The presented outcomes reveal the high complexity of this dynamical system. Furthermore, our numerical analysis shows a remarkable presence of fractal basin boundaries along all the escape regimes. Interpreting the collisional motion as leaking in the phase space we related our results to both chaotic scattering and the theory of leaking Hamiltonian systems. We also determined the escape and collisional basins and computed the corresponding escape/collisional times. We hope our contribution to be useful for a further understanding of the escape and collisional mechanism of orbits in the restricted three-body problem.
description: Published in Nonlinear Dynamics (NODY) journal. arXiv admin note: previous papers with related context: arXiv:1505.04185, arXiv:1508.05209, arXiv:1505.03968, arXiv:1411.4864
Explaining Restraint from Filibustering in the U.S. Senate: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approach
Creators: name: Ramsay, Rachel
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: While Senate observers describe the modern filibuster as costless, senators still sometimes choose to forgo filibustering even when that results in the passage of legislation that they oppose. This study seeks to identify the circumstances under which legislation that is opposed by a cloture-blocking minority is not filibustered. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is used to uncover the combinations of causal conditions that result in restraint from filibuster. Analysis of data from 1975 through 2006 reveals that restraint is most likely when time is not constrained, there was low filibustering during the previous Congress, the president shares membership in the Senate's majority party, and Democrats are not in the minority. Despite being included in the analysis, party polarization is not part of this pathway.
Evaluation of the physical properties of resins for Additive Manufacturing (MA) used in the making of provisional crowns: A systematic review
Creators: name: Da Silva, Tiago
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: 3D printing; Temporary crown; Provisional restaration

description: The materials used in temporary restorations can be classified as acrylic or resin composites. PMMA-based acrylics, introduced in the 1930s, are the materials most commonly used for single and multiple provisional restorations. Composites are temporary materials composed of bis-acrylic resin (self-curing, dual-setting or light-curing). The additive manufacture of restorations in three dimensions (3D) has had a significant impact in the field of restorative dentistry in recent years (ABDUO et al., 2014). This technology allows for greater savings, since it provides less waste of material, with the reuse of the resin that has not yet been processed in a new impression (BEUER et al., 2008). In addition, it also allows the printing of several materials at the same time (BERMAN, 2012; ABDUO et al., 2014). Despite this, a crucial point in question is whether these materials maintain a satisfactory level of mechanical and functional properties and, it is important to know their physical-biological properties, as they affect the strength characteristics of restorations, as well as their behavior in the biological environment of the oral cavity.
title: Colon Screening: Colonoscopy vs Virtual Colonoscopy
Creators: name: Nikolova, Sonja
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Colonography CT
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: Virtual colonoscopy or appropriately named CT Colonography(CTC) is a new radiologic method of screening the colon for precancerous polyps with an ongoing tendention to supplement the regular endoscopic colonoscopy. We are trying to show how this...
title: Comparison of reported luminal pathologies on CT with subsequent findings at colonoscopy and assessment of the impact of reporter’s confidence
Creators: name: Tzias, Demitrios
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Patterns of Care
subject: Outcomes
subject: Endoscopy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Colon
subject: Abdomen

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Radiological evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis usually involves CT imaging. Indications include acute abdomen, clinical suspicion of malignancy or inflammatory disease. When bowel wall thickening(BWT) is identified on CT, normal variants (Figure...
Gaussian process surrogates for failure detection: a Bayesian experimental design approach
Creators: name: Wang, Hongqiao
name: Lin, Guang
name: Li, Jinglai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C60

description: An important task of uncertainty quantification is to identify {the probability of} undesired events, in particular, system failures, caused by various sources of uncertainties. In this work we consider the construction of Gaussian {process} surrogates for failure detection and failure probability estimation. In particular, we consider the situation that the underlying computer models are extremely expensive, and in this setting, determining the sampling points in the state space is of essential importance. We formulate the problem as an optimal experimental design for Bayesian inferences of the limit state (i.e., the failure boundary) and propose an efficient numerical scheme to solve the resulting optimization problem. In particular, the proposed limit-state inference method is capable of determining multiple sampling points at a time, and thus it is well suited for problems where multiple computer simulations can be performed in parallel. The accuracy and performance of the proposed method is demonstrated by both academic and practical examples.
Newtorites in bar detectors of gravitational wave
Creators: name: Ronga, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of particles with only gravitational interactions (Newtorites) in gravitational bar detectors was studied in 1984 by Bernard, De Rujula and Lautrup. The negative results of dark matter searches suggest to look to exotic possibilities like Newtorites. The limits obtained with the Nautilus bar detector will be presented and the possible improvements will be discussed. Since the gravitational coupling is very weak, the possible limits are very far from what is needed for dark matter, but for large masses are the best limits obtained on the Earth. An update of limits for MACRO particles will be given.
description: Presented at the XIV International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2015)
title: Improvement of overall feasibility of multidetector computed tomography angiography using snap shot sreeze algorithm: preliminary experience
Creators: name: Pontone, Gianluca
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Computer applications
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: CAD
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography (MDCT) allows non-invasive visualization of the coronary arteries as an alternative imaging modality to invasive coronary angiography. However, the clinical feasibility of this technique is...
Identification of a Hydroxygallic Acid Derivative, Zingibroside R1 and a Sterol Lipid as Potential Active Ingredients of Cuscuta chinensis Extract That Has Neuroprotective and Antioxidant Effects in Aged Caenorhabditis elegans
Creators: name: Sayed, Shimaa Mohamed Ali
name: Alseekh, Saleh
name: Siems, Karsten
name: Fernie, Alisdair R.
name: Luyten, Walter
name: Schmitz-Linneweber, Christian
name: Saul, Nadine
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: C. elegans
subject: Cuscuta chinensis
subject: Eucommia ulmoides
subject: healthspan
subject: traditional Chinese medicine
subject: cognitive fitness
subject: ROS
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: We examined the effects of the extracts from two traditional Chinese medicine plants, Cuscuta chinensis and Eucommia ulmoides, on the healthspan of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. C. chinensis increased the short-term memory and the mechanosensory response of aged C. elegans. Furthermore, both extracts improved the resistance towards oxidative stress, and decreased the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species. Chemical analyses of the extracts revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acid, cinnamic acid, and quercetin. A fraction from the C. chinensis extract enriched in zingibroside R1 improved the lifespan, the survival after heat stress, and the locomotion in a manner similar to the full C. chinensis extract. Thus, zingibroside R1 could be (partly) responsible for the observed health benefits of C. chinensis. Furthermore, a hydroxygallic acid derivative and the sterol lipid 4-alpha-formyl-stigmasta-7,24(241)-dien-3-beta-ol are abundantly present in the C. chinensis extract and its most bioactive fraction, but hardly in E. ulmoides, making them good candidates to explain the overall healthspan benefits of C. chinensis compared to the specific positive effects on stress resistance by E. ulmoides. Our findings highlight the overall anti-aging effects of C. chinensis in C. elegans and provide first hints about the components responsible for these effects.
Phenotypic and genetic comparison of post-traumatic stress disorder case definitions using the PTSD Checklist full and short versions
Creators: name: Coleman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mental Disorders
subject: Genomics
subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Genetics and Genomics

description: Pilot PTSD Analyses in the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression cohort
Controlled Polar Asymmetry of Few-Cycle and Intense Mid-Infrared Pulses
Creators: name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Bühler, Johannes
name: Mayer, Bernhard
name: Pashkin, Alexej
name: Leitenstorfer, Alfred
name: Seletskiy, Denis V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate synthesis of super-octave-spanning and phase-locked transients in the multi-terahertz frequency range with amplitudes exceeding 13 MV/cm. Sub-cycle polar asymmetry of the electric field is adjusted by changing the relative phase between superposed fundamental and second harmonic components. The resultant broken symmetry of the field profile is directly resolved via ultrabroadband electro-optic sampling. Access to such waveforms provides a direct route for control of low-energy degrees of freedom in condensed matter as well as non-perturbative light-matter interactions.
Escape dynamics in a Hamiltonian system with four exit channels
Creators: name: Zotos, Euaggelos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the escape mechanism of orbits in a Hamiltonian system with four exit channels composed of two-dimensional perturbed harmonic oscillators. We distinguish between trapped chaotic, non-escaping regular and escaping orbits by conducting a thorough and systematic numerical investigation in both the configuration and the phase space. We locate the different basins of escape and we relate them withe the corresponding escape times of orbits. The SALI method is used for determining the ordered or chaotic nature of the orbits. It was observed that trapped and non-escaping orbits coexist with several escape basins. When the energy is very close to the escape energy the escape rate of orbits is huge, while as the value of the energy increases the orbits escape more quickly to infinity. Furthermore, initial conditions of orbits located near the boundaries of the basins of escape and also in the vicinity of the fractal domains were found to posses the largest escape rates. The degree of the fractality of the phase space was calculated as a function of the value of the energy. Our results were compared with earlier related work.
description: Published in Nonlinear Studies journal. arXiv admin note: previous papers with related context: arXiv:1505.03847, arXiv:1505.03968, arXiv:1411.4864, arXiv:1508.05198, arXiv:1404.4285
Medical Image Classification via SVM using LBP Features from Saliency-Based Folded Data
Creators: name: Camlica, Zehra
name: Tizhoosh, H. R.
name: Khalvati, Farzad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Good results on image classification and retrieval using support vector machines (SVM) with local binary patterns (LBPs) as features have been extensively reported in the literature where an entire image is retrieved or classified. In contrast, in medical imaging, not all parts of the image may be equally significant or relevant to the image retrieval application at hand. For instance, in lung x-ray image, the lung region may contain a tumour, hence being highly significant whereas the surrounding area does not contain significant information from medical diagnosis perspective. In this paper, we propose to detect salient regions of images during training and fold the data to reduce the effect of irrelevant regions. As a result, smaller image areas will be used for LBP features calculation and consequently classification by SVM. We use IRMA 2009 dataset with 14,410 x-ray images to verify the performance of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate the benefits of saliency-based folding approach that delivers comparable classification accuracies with state-of-the-art but exhibits lower computational cost and storage requirements, factors highly important for big data analytics.
description: To appear in proceedings of The 14th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (IEEE ICMLA 2015), Miami, Florida, USA, 2015
title: Effect of liver function on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MR cholangiography
Creators: name: Feng, Shi-ting
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Liver
subject: MR
subject: Cholangiography

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To evaluate effect of liver function on biliary system visualization using Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MR...
Migration into a Companion's Trap: Disruption of Multiplanet Systems in Binaries
Creators: name: Touma, Jihad R.
name: Sridhar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most exoplanetary systems in binary stars are of S--type, and consist of one or more planets orbiting a primary star with a wide binary stellar companion. Gravitational forcing of a single planet by a sufficiently inclined binary orbit can induce large amplitude oscillations of the planet's eccentricity and inclination through the Kozai-Lidov (KL) instability. KL cycling was invoked to explain: the large eccentricities of planetary orbits; the family of close--in hot Jupiters; and the retrograde planetary orbits in eccentric binary systems. However, several kinds of perturbations can quench the KL instability, by inducing fast periapse precessions which stabilize circular orbits of all inclinations: these could be a Jupiter--mass planet, a massive remnant disc or general relativistic precession. Indeed, mutual gravitational perturbations in multiplanet S--type systems can be strong enough to lend a certain dynamical rigidity to their orbital planes. Here we present a new and faster process that is driven by this very agent inhibiting KL cycling. Planetary perturbations enable secular oscillations of planetary eccentricities and inclinations, also called Laplace--Lagrange (LL) eigenmodes. Interactions with a remnant disc of planetesimals can make planets migrate, causing a drift of LL mode periods which can bring one or more LL modes into resonance with binary orbital motion. The results can be dramatic, ranging from excitation of large eccentricities and mutual inclinations to total disruption. Not requiring special physical or initial conditions, binary resonant driving is generic and could have profoundly altered the architecture of many S--type multiplanet systems. It can also weaken the multiplanet occurrence rate in wide binaries, and affect planet formation in close binaries.
description: The published version of the paper in compliance with Nature's embargo policy is available at http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature14873
title: Morphologic and kinetic analyses of non-mass like enhancing breast cancers on MRI with a computer-aided detection system: Invasive cancers versus ductal carcinoma in situ
Creators: name: Song, Sung Eun
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: MR
subject: Breast

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: •Lesion’s configuration on BI-RADS MRI lexicon Mass enhancement (space-occupying lesion) Non-mass like enhancement (NMLE) •Non-mass like enhancement (NMLE) Hard to interpret Sometimes difficult to correlate radiological findings...
Three-step implementation of any nxn unitary with a complete graph of n qubits
Creators: name: Katabarwa, Amara
name: Geller, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computation with a complete graph of superconducting qubits has been recently proposed, and applications to amplitude amplification, phase estimation, and the simulation of realistic atomic collisions given [Phys. Rev. A 91, 062309 (2015)]. This single-excitation subspace (SES) approach does not require error correction and is practical now. Previously it was shown how to implement symmetric nxn unitaries in a single step, but not general unitaries. Here we show that any element in the unitary group U(n) can be executed in no more than three steps, for any n. This enables the implementation of highly complex operations in constant time, and in some cases even allows for the compilation of an entire algorithm down to only three operations. Using this protocol we show how to prepare any pure state of an SES chip in three steps, and also how to compute, for a given SES state rho, the expectation value of any nxn Hermitian observable O in a constant number of steps.
title: Comparison of the speed of mammographic screens with efficiency measurements
Creators: name: Bor, Dogan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Radiation physics
subject: Mammography
subject: Instrumentation
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Quality assurance

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Screen speed is an important parameter for patient breast radiation doses and image quality in clinical mammographic examinations. Replacement of analog systems with digital detectors during the last decades has caused a dramatic drop for...
Minimal partitions for anisotropic tori
Creators: name: Helffer, Bernard
name: Hoffmann-Ostenhof, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58C40, 49Q10

description: We analyze spectral minimal $k$-partitions for the torus. In continuation with what we have obtained for thin annuli or thin strips on a cylinder (Neumann case), we get similar results for anisotropic tori.
Asymptotics of surface-plasmon redshift saturation at sub-nanometric separations
Creators: name: Schnitzer, Ory
name: Giannini, Vincenzo
name: Craster, Richard V.
name: Maier, Stefan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many promising nanophotonics endeavours hinge upon the unique plasmonic properties of nanometallic structures with narrow non-metallic gaps, which support super-concentrated bonding modes that singularly redshift with decreasing separations. In this letter, we present a descriptive physical picture, complemented by elementary asymptotic formulae, of a nonlocal mechanism for plasmon-redshift saturation at subnanometric gap widths. Thus, by considering the electron-charge and field distributions in the close vicinity of the metal-vacuum interface, we show that nonlocality is asymptotically manifested as an effective potential discontinuity. For bonding modes in the near-contact limit, the latter discontinuity is shown to be effectively equivalent to a widening of the gap. As a consequence, the resonance-frequency near-contact asymptotics are a renormalisation of the corresponding local ones. Specifically, the renormalisation furnishes an asymptotic plasmon-frequency lower bound that scales with the $1/4$-power of the Fermi wavelength. We demonstrate these remarkable features in the prototypical cases of nanowire and nanosphere dimers, showing agreement between our elementary expressions and previously reported numerical computations.
title: Fulminant hepatic failure: correlation among different aetiologies, MDCT findings and histopathology in adult transplanted patients.
Creators: name: Pecchi, Annarita
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Transplantation
subject: Pathology

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Some work reported in literature described the MDCT principal findings of fulminant hepatitis [1-9], however few authors correlated the imaging findings with the hystopathological examination performed on biopsy or explanted liver [3, 5, 7, 10] and...