cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Galaxy-Scale Test of General Relativity with Strong Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao-Hui
name: Li, Zhen-Hua
name: Qi, Jing-Zhao
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although general relativity (GR) has been precisely tested at the solar system scale, precise tests at a galactic or cosmological scale are still relatively insufficient. Here, in order to test GR at the galactic scale, we use the newly compiled galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing (SGL) sample to constrain the parameter $γ_{PPN}$ in the parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) formalism. We employ the Pantheon sample of type Ia supernovae observation to calibrate the distances in the SGL systems using the Gaussian Process method, which avoids the logical problem caused by assuming a cosmological model within GR to determine the distances in the SGL sample. Furthermore, we consider three typical lens models in this work to investigate the influences of the lens mass distributions on the fitting results. We find that the choice of the lens models has a significant impact on the constraints on the PPN parameter $γ_{PPN}$. We use the Bayesian information criterion as an evaluation tool to make a comparison for the fitting results of the three lens models, and we find that the most reliable lens model gives the result of $γ_{PPN}=1.065^{+0.064}_{-0.074}$, which is in good agreement with the prediction of $γ_{PPN}=1$ by GR. As far as we know, our 6.4% constraint result is the best result so far among the recent works using the SGL method.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures; accepted by ApJ
Disease History and Life History Predict Behavioral Control of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: LU, Hui
name: Chang, Lei
name: O, Jiaqing
name: Guo, Shaolingyun
name: Liu, Yuan
name: Zhu, Nan
name: Chen, Bin Bin
name: Lansford, Jenifer
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: data
When differential privacy meets NLP: The devil is in the detail
Creators: name: Habernal, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Differential privacy provides a formal approach to privacy of individuals. Applications of differential privacy in various scenarios, such as protecting users' original utterances, must satisfy certain mathematical properties. Our contribution is a formal analysis of ADePT, a differentially private auto-encoder for text rewriting (Krishna et al, 2021). ADePT achieves promising results on downstream tasks while providing tight privacy guarantees. Our proof reveals that ADePT is not differentially private, thus rendering the experimental results unsubstantiated. We also quantify the impact of the error in its private mechanism, showing that the true sensitivity is higher by at least factor 6 in an optimistic case of a very small encoder's dimension and that the amount of utterances that are not privatized could easily reach 100% of the entire dataset. Our intention is neither to criticize the authors, nor the peer-reviewing process, but rather point out that if differential privacy applications in NLP rely on formal guarantees, these should be outlined in full and put under detailed scrutiny.
description: Camera-ready for EMNLP 2021
Characterizing Silver Engineered Nanoparticles in a Natural Water: Analytical Considerations for Instrumental and Environmental Factors Using Asymmetric Flow Field Flow Fractionation
Creators: name: Galyean, Anne
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: Environmental sciences
Aquatic sciences
Chemistry, Analytic

description: With the likely release of engineered nanoparticles into the aquatic environment, developing appropriate analytical methods for occurrence surveys has become a priority. To this end, a method towards the quantification of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in lake water samples using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is reported. Therefore, light scattering (LS) detection was used to develop an assessment metric to evaluate relative accuracy among AF4 separations. This assessment metric is applied to optimization of cross flow (Vx) protocols in AF4 separation interfaced with LS detection using mixtures of polystyrene beads. AF4 has several instrumental parameters that may have a direct effect on separation performance. A sensitivity analysis utilizing orthogonal factional factorial design and graphical analysis was applied to ascertain the relative importance of five AF4 primary/instrumental factor settings when analyzing synthetic freshwaters containing AgNPs. The most important and significant AF4 primary/instrumental factors were buffer concentration and Vx velocity, while the least impacting was Vx ramp time. Optimal settings were also generated for each of the factors within the range of settings explored. A parallel orthogonal fractional factorial design was employed to evaluate the effects of five environmental factors, or water quality characteristics, on the separation. None of these water quality characteristic effects or interactions were found to be significant. Finally, the developed methodology was applied towards AgNP quantitation in a natural lake water sample using AF4 followed by online inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The impacts of various AF4 system components and natural organic matter (NOM) on AgNP quantitation were explored. Isotope enriched Ag ions (Ag+) were used to identify Ag speciation following AF4 separation. Ag quantitation was achieved within 10% of a spiked “challenge” concentration of AgNP in lake water using the standard addition method to compensate for natural matrix and system complexity. Further investigations into potential Ag+-NOM and AgNP-NOM interactions were performed using fluorescence spectroscopy. The corresponding results suggest that these interactions affect the molar mass and physical conformation of the NOM particles in the sample.
Analysis of Bladder Cancer Tumor CpG Methylation and Gene Expression within The Cancer Genome Atlas Identifies GRIA1 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Basal-Like Bladder Cancer
Creators: name: Tilley, Sloane
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Increased methylation levels at cytosines proximal to guanines (CpG) in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes has been reported to play an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas to better characterize CpG methylation and mRNA expression patterns in urothelial carcinomas and to identify new epigenetic biomarkers of survival. 223 genes displayed significant relationships between CpG methylation and mRNA expression levels. Hypermethylation proximal to the transcription start site and hypomethylation within the 3’ untranslated region and body region were associated with gene silencing. These 223 genes were functionally enriched for their role in glutamate receptor signaling and among them was a novel, tumor-stage-independent epigenetic biomarker of overall mortality for patients with basal-like urothelial carcinomas, GRIA1. This research highlights glutamate receptors as targets for investigation in the development of urothelial cancer.
Spatial interferences in the electron transport of heavy fermion materials
Creators: name: Zhang, Shu-feng
name: Liu, Yu
name: Song, Hai-Feng
name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and the point contact spectroscopy represent one of the major progresses in recent heavy fermion research. Both have revealed important information on the composite nature of the emergent heavy electron quasiparticles. However, a detailed and thorough microscopic understanding of the similarities and differences in the underlying physical processes of these techniques is still lacking. Here we study the electron transport in the normal state of the periodic Anderson lattice by using the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function technique. In addition to the well-known Fano interference between the conduction and f-electron channels, our results further reveal the effect of spatial interference between different spatial paths at the interface on the differential conductance and their interesting interplay with the band features such as the hybridization gap and the Van Hove singularity. We find that the spatial interference leads to a weighted average in the momentum space for the electron transport and could cause suppression of the electronic band features under certain circumstances. In particular, it reduces the capability of probing the f-electron spectral weight near the edges of the hybridization gap for large interface depending on the Fermi surface of the lead. Our results indicates an intrinsic inefficiency of the point contact spectroscopy in probing the f-electrons.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; with additional argument that PCS may overestimate the hybridization gap as observed in SmB6
title: Common Ravens Disrupt Greater Sage-grouse Lekking Behavior in the Great Basin, USA
Creators: name: Atkinson, Joseph L.
name: Coates, Peter S.
name: Brussee, Brianne E.
name: Dwight, Ian A.
name: Ricca, Mark A.
name: Jackson, Pat J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Expansion of human enterprise has contributed to increased abundance and distribution of common ravens (Corvus corax; ravens) across sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems within western North America. Ravens are highly effective nest predators of greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage-grouse), a species of high conservation concern. Sage-grouse population trends are estimated using count survey data of males attending traditional breeding grounds, known as leks. We sought to investigate associations of ravens to sage-grouse lek sites and document interactions between the sage-grouse and ravens as well as those between sage-grouse and other animals observed around leks. First, we used extensive raven point counts and sage-grouse lek observation data collected across Nevada and California, USA, from 2009–2019 to evaluate spatial associations between sage-grouse and ravens while accounting for other environmental covariates. We found that ravens were more likely to be observed closer to lek sites, especially as leks increased in size. Second, we used a subset of the lek dataset from 2006–2019 to describe behavioral changes of male sage-grouse in the presence of ravens and other predators. Our analysis indicated that ravens are attracted to lek sites and were associated with disrupting lekking sage-grouse by causing flushes or ceasing displaying behaviors. These results suggest that adult and yearling sage-grouse perceive ravens as a reason to alter breeding activity, and ravens may adversely influence their reproduction during the lekking stage. Additionally, standardized techniques to count sage-grouse on leks for population trend analyses could be biased low if raven presence during surveys is not accounted for.
title: Does Ego Depletion Elicit Stronger Cues of Deception?
Creators: name: Volz, Sarah
name: Reinhard, Marc-André
name: Müller, Patrick
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Self-regulation
subject: Ego depletion
subject: Behavioral cues
subject: Deception
subject: Lying
subject: 150
subject: Lüge
subject: Selbstkontrolle
subject: Erschöpfung
subject: Verhaltensmuster

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
The Development and Characterization of a First Generation Carbon Nanotube X-ray Based Microbeam Radiation Therapy System
Creators: name: Hadsell, Michael John
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a new type of cancer treatment currently being studied at scattered synchrotron sites throughout the world. It has been shown to be capable of ablating aggressive brain tumors in rats while almost completely sparing the surrounding normal tissue. This promising technique has yet to find its way to the clinic, however, because the radiobiological mechanisms behind its efficacy are still largely unknown. This is partly due to the lack of a compact device that could facilitate more large scale research. The challenges inherent to creating a compact device lie within the structure of MRT, which uses parallel arrays of ultra high-dose, orthovoltage, microplanar beams on the order of 100μm thick and separated by four to ten times their width. Because of focal spot limitations, current commercial orthovoltage devices are simply not capable of creating such arrays at dose rates high enough for effective treatment while maintaining the microbeam pattern necessary to retain the high therapeutic ratio of the technique. Therefore, the development of a compact MRT device using carbon nanotube (CNT) cathode based X–ray technology is presented here. CNT cathodes have been shown to be capable of creating novel focal spot arrays on a single anode while being robust enough for long-term use in X-ray tubes. Using these cathodes, an X–ray tube with a single focal line has been created for the delivery of MRT dose distributions in radiobiological studies on small animals. In this work, the development process and final design of this specialized device will be detailed, along with the optimization and stabilization of its use for small animal studies. In addition, a detailed characterization of its final capabilities will be given; including a comprehensive measurement of its X–ray focal line dimensions, a description and evaluation of its collimator alignment and microbeam dimensions, and a full-scale phantom-based quantification of its dosimetric output. Finally, future project directions will be described briefly along with plans for a second generation device. Based on the results of this work, it is the author’s belief that compact CNT MRT devices have definite commercialization potential for radiobiological research.
Custodial chiral symmetry in a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger electrical circuit with memory
Creators: name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
name: Pershin, Yuriy V.
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Custodial symmetries are common in the Standard Model of particle physics. They arise when quantum corrections to a parameter are proportional to the parameter itself. Here, we show that a custodial symmetry of the chiral type is also present in a classical Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) electrical circuit with memory (memcircuit). In the absence of memory, the SSH circuit supports a symmetry-protected topological edge state. Memory induces nonlinearities that break chiral symmetry explicitly and spreads the state across the circuit. However, the resulting state is still protected against perturbations by the ensuing custodial chiral symmetry. These predictions can be verified experimentally and demonstrate the interplay between symmetry and memory.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Quantum Backreaction on Chronology Horizons
Creators: name: Emparan, Roberto
name: Tomašević, Marija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend in two directions our recent investigation of strongly interacting quantum fields in a class of spacetimes with chronology horizons (Misner spacetimes). First, we generalize to arbitrary dimensions the holographic mechanism of chronology protection in the absence of gravitational backreaction. The AdS geometry dual to a conformal field theory in these spacetimes shows, in every dimension, an entire separation between the bulk duals of the chronal and non-chronal regions, with the former being complete, regular geometries. In some instances the protection requires the inclusion of non-planar CFT corrections, which we obtain using double holography. Second, we compute the gravitational backreaction of the quantum fields in the Misner-AdS$_3$ spacetime, and show that the null chronology horizon turns into a strong, spacelike curvature singularity. This is one of the few controlled, explicit examples where we can see quantum effects change a Cauchy horizon into a spacelike singularity.
description: 18 pages. v2: 21 pages, 1 figure. Added section on double holography and non-planar CFT effects
Replication of Subjective Sleep Quality as a Possible Mediator in the Relationship between Personality Traits and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults
Creators: name: Vandeput, Birthe
name: vanpaemel, wolf
name: Vanhasbroeck, Niels
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Depressive symptoms
subject: Personality
subject: Sleep

description: The current study is a preregistered replication of the study by Huang et al. (2016). We aim to reproduce their statistical results and to replicate their findings in a different population: rather than considering middle-aged adults (age 47-67 in the sample of Huang et al., 2016), we will focus on young adults (age 20-35). Furthermore, we aim to extend the work of Huang et al. (2016), in the sense that rather than considering neuroticism and conscientiousness only, we will consider all Big Five personality traits (i.e., neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness), in order to provide a more complete picture of the role of sleep quality in the relationship between personality and depressive symptoms.
Free Energy of a Heavy Quark-Antiquark Pair in a Thermal Medium from AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Ewerz, Carlo
name: Kaczmarek, Olaf
name: Samberg, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the free energy of a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a thermal medium using the AdS/CFT correspondence. We point out that a commonly used prescription for calculating this quantity leads to a temperature dependence in conflict with general properties of the free energy. The problem originates from a particular way of subtracting divergences. We argue that the commonly used prescription gives rise to the binding energy rather than the free energy. We consider a different subtraction procedure and show that the resulting free energy is well-behaved and in qualitative agreement with results from lattice QCD. The free energy and the binding energy of the quark pair are computed for N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and several non-conformal theories. We also calculate the entropy and the internal energy of the pair in these theories. Using the consistent subtraction, we further study the free energy, entropy, and internal energy of a single heavy quark in the thermal medium for various theories. Also here the results are found to be in qualitative agreement with lattice QCD results.
description: 47 pages, 14 figures; v2: discussion extended, matches journal version
The Athletic Director's Perceptions of Strategies Effective in Building a Strong Organizational Culture
Creators: name: Steele, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This study was designed to reveal the athletic director’s perceptions of strategies effective in building a strong organizational culture within intercollegiate athletics. Research questions focused on those specific effective strategies, how they are implemented at each institution, and the personal development of the athletic director. Four strategies were discovered using interview research with each participant. The six participants were Kathy Beauregard (Western Michigan University), Morgan Burke (Purdue University), Bubba Cunningham (University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill), John Currie (Kansas State University), Ian McCaw (Baylor University), and Michael O’Brien (University of Toledo). Each participant serves as the athletic director at an NCAA Division I FBS institution and has demonstrated administrative excellence within intercollegiate athletics during their tenure as an athletic director. The interviews produced key trends for effective strategies and personal development behaviors. The findings from this study provide unique perspectives and aid previous research on organizational culture in intercollegiate athletics.
Optimal Sensor Placement for Source Localization: A Unified ADMM Approach
Creators: name: Sahu, Nitesh
name: Wu, Linlong
name: Babu, Prabhu
name: R., Bhavani Shankar M.
name: Ottersten, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Source localization plays a key role in many applications including radar, wireless and underwater communications. Among various localization methods, the most popular ones are Time-Of-Arrival (TOA), Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA), and Received Signal Strength (RSS) based. Since the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of these methods depend on the sensor geometry explicitly, sensor placement becomes a crucial issue in source localization applications. In this paper, we consider finding the optimal sensor placements for the TOA, TDOA and RSS based localization scenarios. We first unify the three localization models by a generalized problem formulation based on the CRLB-related metric. Then a unified optimization framework for optimal sensor placement (UTMOST) is developed through the combination of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and majorization-minimization (MM) techniques. Unlike the majority of the state-of-the-art works, the proposed UTMOST neither approximates the design criterion nor considers only uncorrelated noise in the measurements. It can readily adapt to to different design criteria (i.e. A, D and E-optimality) with slight modifications within the framework and yield the optimal sensor placements correspondingly. Extensive numerical experiments are performed to exhibit the efficacy and flexibility of the proposed framework.
On Computational Complexity Reduction Methods for Kalman Filter Extensions
Creators: name: Raitoharju, Matti
name: Piché, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3; G.4

description: The Kalman filter and its extensions are used in a vast number of aerospace and navigation applications for nonlinear state estimation of time series. In the literature, different approaches have been proposed to exploit the structure of the state and measurement models to reduce the computational demand of the algorithms. In this tutorial, we survey existing code optimization methods and present them using unified notation that allows them to be used with various Kalman filter extensions. We develop the optimization methods to cover a wider range of models, show how different structural optimizations can be combined, and present new applications for the existing optimizations. Furthermore, we present an example that shows that the exploitation of the structure of the problem can lead to improved estimation accuracy while reducing the computational load. This tutorial is intended for persons who are familiar with Kalman filtering and want to get insights for reducing the computational demand of different Kalman filter extensions.
Believing Citizens: Religion and Civic Engagement among London's Second Generation Youth
Creators: name: DeHanas, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The goal of this dissertation is to answer the question "What kinds of citizens are London's second generation youth becoming?" The question is asked in particular reference to the role of religious beliefs and practices in citizenship development. The dissertation is a comparative study of sixty youth from the immigrant second generation (age 18-25): Bangladeshis in the East End (predominantly Muslim) and Jamaicans in Brixton (largely Christian). Analysis is based on in-depth interviews with youth and ethnographic observation in the mosques, churches, and streets of both locations. In the second chapter, "civic engagement" is defined as the actualization of citizenship by cultivating political literacy, developing a civic identity, and participating in political activities. Analysis reveals that Jamaican and Bangladeshi youth are moderately politically literate and have low levels of civic identity invested in "Britishness." However, Bangladeshi youth have very high levels of political participation when compared to Jamaicans and to the British population overall, and this political participation increases with Muslim religiosity. The same religiosity effect is not found among Jamaicans. The remaining chapters of the dissertation progressively build an explanation for this political participation disparity. It is argued that second generation Bangladeshis in the East End tend to adopt "deculturated" Muslim identities propagated by local mosques that set them apart from the culturally infused Islam of their parents. The pervasiveness of this form of Muslim identity in the local area provides civic orientation and motivation to youth, enabling collective action on issues that are seen to affect the global community of Muslims. Jamaican youth, in contrast, tend to develop hybrid and situational identities that do not provide the same coherent basis for collective civic engagement. While Brixton Jamaican-led churches are more individual-focused and may engage in revival-like campaigns of political activism, East End Bangladeshi mosques have developed a sustained vision for local civic advocacy that is buttressed by the regularity of community-level Islamic practice. Therefore the most likely paths for youth citizenship development differ in the two contexts.
Tree formulas, mean first passage times and Kemeny's constant of a Markov chain
Creators: name: Pitman, Jim
name: Tang, Wenpin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C30, 60C05, 60J10

description: In this paper, we aim to provide probabilistic and combinatorial insights into tree formulas for the Green function and hitting probabilities of Markov chains on a finite state space. These tree formulas are closely related to loop-erased random walks by Wilson's algorithm for random spanning trees, and to mixing times by the Markov chain tree theorem. Let $m_{ij}$ be the mean first passage time from $i$ to $j$ for an irreducible chain with finite state space $S$ and transition matrix $(p_{ij}; i, j \in S)$. It is well-known that $m_{jj} = 1/π_j = Σ^{(1)}/Σ_j$, where $π$ is the stationary distribution for the chain, $Σ_j$ is the tree sum, over $n^{n-2}$ trees $\textbf{t}$ spanning $S$ with root $j$ and edges $i \rightarrow k$ directed to $j$, of the tree product $\prod_{i \rightarrow k \in \textbf{t} }p_{ik}$, and $Σ^{(1)}:= \sum_{j \in S} Σ_j$. Chebotarev and Agaev derived further results from {\em Kirchhoff's matrix tree theorem}. We deduce that for $i \ne j$, $m_{ij} = Σ_{ij}/Σ_j$, where $Σ_{ij}$ is the sum over the same set of $n^{n-2}$ spanning trees of the same tree product as for $Σ_j$, except that in each product the factor $p_{kj}$ is omitted where $k = k(i,j,\textbf{t})$ is the last state before $j$ in the path from $i$ to $j$ in $\textbf{t}$. It follows that Kemeny's constant $\sum_{j \in S} m_{ij}/m_{jj}$ equals to $ Σ^{(2)}/Σ^{(1)}$, where $Σ^{(r)}$ is the sum, over all forests $\textbf{f}$ labeled by $S$ with $r$ trees, of the product of $p_{ij}$ over edges $i \rightarrow j$ of $\textbf{t}$. We show that these results can be derived without appeal to the matrix tree theorem. A list of relevant literature is also reviewed.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures. This paper is published by https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.bj/1517540464
Neighborhood and family effects on trajectories of physical and social aggression during adolescence: three studies using multilevel growth curve modeling
Creators: name: Karriker-Jaffe, Katherine Joan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: This dissertation employed multilevel growth curve models to examine the development of physical and social aggression during adolescence and assessed neighborhood- and family-level predictors of the developmental trajectories. The first study showed that perpetration of physical and social aggression followed curvilinear trajectories between ages 11 and 18, with increases in each type of aggression followed by declines. Girls had significantly lower initial levels of physical aggression than boys. Sex did not impact rates of change of physical aggression, and boys consistently perpetrated more physical aggression than girls did. There were no sex differences in the initial levels or rates of change of social aggression. The second study found that the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and social disorganization on aggression trajectories were best described by direct effects models, rather than the hypothesized moderation models. For girls, neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage was positively associated with initial levels of physical aggression. There were no significant main effects of the neighborhood variables on social aggression for girls, and for boys, there were no significant main effects of the neighborhood variables for either type of aggression. There was evidence suggesting confounding of the effects of disadvantage and disorganization when predicting physical aggression. The third study revealed that family factors did not moderate the relationship between neighborhood risk and the aggression trajectories as hypothesized. For boys, more family conflict and less parental control were associated with higher initial levels of physical aggression, and more family conflict, less parent-child bonding and less parental control were associated with higher initial levels of social aggression. For girls, more neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, more family conflict, less parent-child bonding and less parental control were associated with higher initial levels of physical aggression, and more family conflict and less parent-child bonding were associated with higher initial levels of social aggression. Family conflict also influenced the linear slopes of the girls' physical aggression trajectories and the linear slopes of the social aggression trajectories for both boys and girls. All significant predictors impacted initial levels of aggression, which suggests that early prevention programs are needed to reduce perpetration of aggression during adolescence.
Zero mass case for a fractional Berestycki-Lions type problem
Creators: name: Ambrosio, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we study the following fractional scalar field equation \begin{equation*}\label{P} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} (-Δ)^{s} u = g'(u) \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N} \\ u> 0 \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} where $N\geq 2$, $s\in (0,1)$, $(-Δ)^{s}$ is the fractional Laplacian and the nonlinearity $g\in C^{2}(\mathbb{R})$ is such that $g''(0)=0$. By using variational methods, we prove the existence of a positive solution which is spherically symmetric and decreasing in $r=|x|$.
Schule und Beruf
Creators: name: Neuenschwander, Markus
Publisher: name: Springer VS
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Schule
subject: Beruf
subject: Transition
subject: Berufsbildung
subject: Berufswahl
subject: Bildungsungleichkeit
subject: Person-Umwelt-Passung
subject: Übergangssystem
subject: Berufswahlunterricht
subject: S - Schulbücher
subject: 370 - Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen

description: Das Kapitel beschreibt Theorien und Forschungsbefunde zum Verhältnis von Schule und Beruf. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erhält der Übergang von der Schule in die Berufsbildung, sowohl in Bezug auf Berufswahlprozesse in der Schule als auch auf die Anpassungsprozesse in der Berufsbildung. Am Schluss werden neue Entwicklungen zur Berufsvorbereitung in der Schule und Forschungsdesiderate formuliert.
INTEGRATED DESIGN OF BINDER JET PRINT PRODUCED HYDRAULIC AUTOMATIC VALVE SYSTEM
Creators: name: Liu, Heming
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains

description: Binder jet printing (BJP) is an additive manufacturing (AM) method which has the potential to be applied to high annual volumes in the automotive industry. Binder jet printing provides an excellent opportunity to innovate transmission valve body components. The three-layer design and complex hydraulic control system channels of valve body housing formulated a new electro-hydraulic system with the brand-new features inherited from BJP. For the valve body, the features of BJP brought a revolutionary new idea for both the valves and hydraulic channel design. The spool valve was housed with a sleeve that integrates orifices and port controls. The hydraulic channel layout of the valve body assembly was greatly simplified and space-saving. The support components had also been replaced with a lightweight design while maintaining the same functionality. Integrated design of Binder jet print produced hydraulic automatic valve system presented an entirely new design, whose static performance was compared to that of the conventional 948TE ZF9HP48 transmission valve body. Similar performance indicated that a valve body design featuring BJP would have great potential for various industrial applications.
On tea, donuts and non-commutative geometry
Creators: name: Nikolaev, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H52, 46L85

description: As many will agree, it feels good to complement a cup of tea by a donut or two. This sweet relationship is also a guiding principle of non-commutative geometry known as Serre Theorem. We explain the algebra behind this theorem and prove that elliptic curves are complementary to the so-called non-commutative tori.
description: to appear Surveys in Mathematics and its Applications
Stabilizing the unstable output of persistent homology computations
Creators: name: Bendich, Paul
name: Bubenik, Peter
name: Wagner, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N99, 62H99, 57R70

description: We propose a general technique for extracting a larger set of stable information from persistent homology computations than is currently done. The persistent homology algorithm is usually viewed as a procedure which starts with a filtered complex and ends with a persistence diagram. This procedure is stable (at least to certain types of perturbations of the input). This justifies the use of the diagram as a signature of the input, and the use of features derived from it in statistics and machine learning. However, these computations also produce other information of great interest to practitioners that is unfortunately unstable. For example, each point in the diagram corresponds to a simplex whose addition in the filtration results in the birth of the corresponding persistent homology class, but this correspondence is unstable. In addition, the persistence diagram is not stable with respect to other procedures that are employed in practice, such as thresholding a point cloud by density. We recast these problems as real-valued functions which are discontinuous but measurable, and then observe that convolving such a function with a suitable function produces a Lipschitz function. The resulting stable function can be estimated by perturbing the input and averaging the output. We illustrate this approach with a number of examples, including a stable localization of a persistent homology generator from brain imaging data.
description: 30 pages, 15 figures, added example producing a stable heat map visualizing representative cycles for persistent homology classes (see Figure 1), accepted, to appear in Journal of Applied and Computational Topology
An Examination of the Use of Disparagement Humor in Online TV Comedy Clips and the Role of Audience Reaction in its Effects
Creators: name: Parrott, Michael
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: The dissertation includes two parts, a content analysis and an experiment. In Study 1, coders examined the prevalence and characteristics of disparagement humor in online television clips and its reception by audiences. Disparagement humor appeared in one in four video clips, often targeting physical appearance and weight. Furthermore, studio audiences, other television characters, and online commenters often validated the humorous disparagement of people who are overweight. Study 2, an experiment, examined the influence of disparaging humor and audience reaction on attitudes concerning weight, self-esteem, enjoyment of the humor, and willingness to share the video content with others. Participants viewed one of four video clips: a control clip, in which an overweight teen plummeted down a slip-and-slide; a clip containing disparagement with no online audience reaction, in which a popular comedian disparaged the overweight teen as the video played in the background; a clip in which the video of the teen and comedian's commentary was framed by socially validating audience reaction, or positive online viewer reactions posted beneath the video clip; and a clip in which the video of the teen and the comedian's commentary was framed by socially condemning audience reaction, or negative online viewer reaction posted beneath the video. Several variables significantly predicted enjoyment of the humor, including how the video was framed, the extent to which viewers identified with the disparager, and viewers' existing weight-based biases. Importantly, viewers who self-identified as overweight experienced a decrease in self-esteem following exposure to the content. Enjoyment of the video content significantly predicted behavioral intentions, or the self-reported likelihood that the viewer would share the content with acquaintances.
A Systematic Mapping Review of the Benefits of Alcohol Supply Reduction Policies in Children and Adolescents
Creators: name: Baldwin, Ryan
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The current review aims to identify all studies that measure the indirect or direct effects that supply reduction alcohol policies have on children and adolescents.
Periodic Reeb flows and products in symplectic homology
Creators: name: Uebele, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we explore the structure of Rabinowitz--Floer homology $RFH_*$ on contact manifolds whose Reeb flow is periodic (and which satisfy an index condition such that $RFH_*$ is independent of the filling). The main result is that $RFH_*$ is a module over the Laurent polynomials $\mathbb{Z}_2[s,s^{-1}]$, where $s$ is the homology class generated by a principal Reeb orbit and the module structure is given by the pair-of-pants product. In most cases, this module is free and finitely generated.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures. Several corrections. To appear in Journal of Symplectic Geometry
Group actions, non-Kähler complex manifolds and SKT structures
Creators: name: Poddar, Mainak
name: Thakur, Ajay Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 32L05, 32M05, 32Q55, 57R22, Secondary: 32V05, 57R30

description: We give a construction of integrable complex structures on the total space of a smooth principal bundle over a complex manifold, with an even dimensional compact Lie group as structure group, under certain conditions. This generalizes the constructions of complex structure on compact Lie groups by Samelson and Wang, and on principal torus bundles by Calabi-Eckmann and others. It also yields large classes of new examples of non-Kähler compact complex manifolds. Moreover, under suitable restrictions on the base manifold, the structure group, and characteristic classes, the total space of the principal bundle admits SKT metrics. This generalizes recent results of Grantcharov et al. We study the Picard group and the algebraic dimension of the total space in some cases. We also use a slightly generalized version of the construction to obtain (non-Kähler) complex structures on tangential frame bundles of complex orbifolds.
description: A new Section 4 is added
Effective field theory and the scattering process for magnons in the ferromagnet, antiferromagnet, and ferrimagnet
Creators: name: Gongyo, Shinya
name: Kikuchi, Yuta
name: Hyodo, Tetsuo
name: Kunihiro, Teiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss that a low-energy effective Lagrangian relying on SO(3) $\rightarrow$ SO(2) is applicable for a ferrimagnet as well as a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet. The analysis of the particle states shows that there exist not only massless modes with the dispersion relations $ω\propto |\bm{k}|,\, |\bm{k}|^2$, i.e., the so-called type-I and type-II Nambu-Goldstone modes, respectively, but also gapped modes with $ω\propto m^2+|\bm{k}|^2$. We clarify how the coefficients of the terms with one time derivative and those with two time derivatives in the effective Lagrangian determine the order parameters specifying whether the system is in a ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic state; we stress that the gapped mode related to the spontaneous symmetry breaking appears only in the ferrimagnetic system and not in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems. We also establish the power counting scheme and calculate the scattering amplitudes and thereby the scattering lengths between the two Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We show that the scattering length of the gapped mode is finite and proportional to the gap. This characteristic property of the gapped NG mode can be used to discriminate it from gapped excitations which originate in other mechanisms. Finally, we study the effects of the explicit symmetry breaking that are given by an external magnetic field and a single-ion anisotropy, and show that the external magnetic fields do not have any effects on the scattering amplitudes in all the spin systems as was known for the ferromagnet system. In contrast, the anisotropy does affect the scattering amplitudes, the phase shift, and the scattering length except for spin 1/2 systems. This result supports the possibility of the Efimov effect in spin systems discussed in previous studies.
description: 26pages, 0 figures; published in Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (PTEP)
Impact of caregiver literacy on children’s oral health outcomes
Creators: name: Miller, Elizabeth Kelly
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: Objective: To examine the relationship of primary caregivers' literacy with children's oral health outcomes. Design: We performed a cross-sectional study of children ages six and younger who presented for an initial dental appointment in the teaching clinics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry. Caregiver literacy was measured using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD-30). The outcome measures included oral health knowledge, oral health behaviors, primary caregiver's reports of their child's oral health status, and the clinical oral health status of the child as determined by a clinical exam completed by trained, calibrated examiners. Results: Among the 106 caregiver/child dyads enrolled, 59% of the children were male, 52% were white, and 86% caregivers were the biological mothers. The bivariate results showed no significant relationships between literacy and oral health knowledge (p=0.16) and behaviors (p=0.24); however, there was an association between literacy and oral health status (p<0.05). The multivariate analysis controlled for race, and income; this analysis revealed a significant relationship between caregiver literacy scores and clinical oral health status as determined using a standardized clinical exam. Caregivers of children with mild to moderate treatment needs were more likely to have higher REALD-30 scores than those with severe treatment needs (OR=1.14; 95%CI 1.05:1.25, p=0.003). Conclusions: Caregiver literacy is significantly associated with children's dental disease status.