Gravitational Test Beyond the First Post-Newtonian Order with the Shadow of the M87 Black Hole
Creators: name: Psaltis, Dimitrios
name: Medeiros, Lia
name: Christian, Pierre
name: Ozel, Feryal
name: Akiyama, Kazunori
name: Alberdi, Antxon
name: Alef, Walter
name: Asada, Keiichi
name: Azulay, Rebecca
name: Ball, David
name: Balokovic, Mislav
name: Barrett, John
name: Bintley, Dan
name: Blackburn, Lindy
name: Boland, Wilfred
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Bremer, Michael
name: Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
name: Brissenden, Roger
name: Britzen, Silke
name: Broguiere, Dominique
name: Bronzwaer, Thomas
name: Byun, Do-Young
name: Carlstrom, John E.
name: Chael, Andrew
name: Chan, Chi-kwan
name: Chatterjee, Shami
name: Chatterjee, Koushik
name: Chen, Ming-Tang
name: Chen, Yongjun
name: Cho, Ilje
name: Conway, John E.
name: Cordes, James M.
name: Crew, Geoffrey B.
name: Cui, Yuzhu
name: Davelaar, Jordy
name: De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
name: Deane, Roger
name: Dempsey, Jessica
name: Desvignes, Gregory
name: Dexter, Jason
name: Eatough, Ralph P.
name: Falcke, Heino
name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Fomalont, Ed
name: Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
name: Friberg, Per
name: Fromm, Christian M.
name: Gammie, Charles F.
name: García, Roberto
name: Gentaz, Olivier
name: Goddi, Ciriaco
name: Gomez, Jose L.
name: Gu, Minfeng
name: Gurwell, Mark
name: Hada, Kazuhiro
name: Hesper, Ronald
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Ho, Paul
name: Honma, Mareki
name: Huang, Chih-Wei L.
name: Huang, Lei
name: Hughes, David H.
name: Inoue, Makoto
name: Issaoun, Sara
name: James, David J.
name: Jannuzi, Buell T.
name: Janssen, Michael
name: Jiang, Wu
name: Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra
name: Johnson, Michael D.
name: Jorstad, Svetlana
name: Jung, Taehyun
name: Karami, Mansour
name: Karuppusamy, Ramesh
name: Kawashima, Tomohisa
name: Keating, Garrett K.
name: Kettenis, Mark
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Kim, Junhan
name: Kim, Jongsoo
name: Kino, Motoki
name: Koay, Jun Yi
name: Koch, Patrick M.
name: Koyama, Shoko
name: Kramer, Michael
name: Kramer, Carsten
name: Krichbaum, Thomas P.
name: Kuo, Cheng-Yu
name: Lauer, Tod R.
name: Lee, Sang-Sung
name: Li, Yan-Rong
name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Lindqvist, Michael
name: Lico, Rocco
name: Liu, Jun
name: Liu, Kuo
name: Liuzzo, Elisabetta
name: Lo, Wen-Ping
name: Lobanov, Andrei P.
name: Lonsdale, Colin
name: Lu, Ru-Sen
name: Mao, Jirong
name: Markoff, Sera
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
name: Marscher, Alan P.
name: Martí-Vidal, Ivan
name: Matsushita, Satoki
name: Mizuno, Yosuke
name: Mizuno, Izumi
name: Moran, James M.
name: Moriyama, Kotaro
name: Moscibrodzka, Monika
name: Muller, Cornelia
name: Musoke, Gibwa
name: Mejías, Alejandro Mus
name: Nagai, Hiroshi
name: Nagar, Neil M.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Narayanan, Gopal
name: Natarajan, Iniyan
name: Neri, Roberto
name: Noutsos, Aristeidis
name: Okino, Hiroki
name: Olivares, Hector
name: Oyama, Tomoaki
name: Palumbo, Daniel C. M.
name: Park, Jongho
name: Patel, Nimesh
name: Pen, Ue-Li
name: Pietu, Vincent
name: Plambeck, Richard
name: PopStefanija, Aleksandar
name: Prather, Ben
name: Preciado-Lopez, Jorge A.
name: Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh
name: Rao, Ramprasad
name: Rawlings, Mark G.
name: Raymond, Alexander W.
name: Ripperda, Bart
name: Roelofs, Freek
name: Rogers, Alan
name: Ros, Eduardo
name: Rose, Mel
name: Roshanineshat, Arash
name: Rottmann, Helge
name: Roy, Alan L.
name: Ruszczyk, Chet
name: Ryan, Benjamin R.
name: Rygl, Kazi L. J.
name: Sanchez, Salvador
name: Sanchez-Arguelles, David
name: Sasada, Mahito
name: Savolainen, Tuomas
name: Schloerb, F. Peter
name: Schuster, Karl-Friedrich
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Shen, Zhiqiang
name: Small, Des
name: Sohn, Bong Won
name: SooHoo, Jason
name: Tazaki, Fumie
name: Tilanus, Remo P. J.
name: Titus, Michael
name: Torne, Pablo
name: Trent, Tyler
name: Traianou, Efthalia
name: Trippe, Sascha
name: van Bemmel, Ilse
name: van Langevelde, Huib Jan
name: van Rossum, Daniel R.
name: Wagner, Jan
name: Wardle, John
name: Ward-Thompson, Derek
name: Weintroub, Jonathan
name: Wex, Norbert
name: Wharton, Robert
name: Wielgus, Maciek
name: Wong, George N.
name: Wu, Qingwen
name: Yoon, Doosoo
name: Young, Andre
name: Young, Ken
name: Younsi, Ziri
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Yuan, Ye-Fei
name: Zhao, Shan-Shan
name: Collaboration, the EHT
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2017 Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the central source in M87 have led to the first measurement of the size of a black-hole shadow. This observation offers a new and clean gravitational test of the black-hole metric in the strong-field regime. We show analytically that spacetimes that deviate from the Kerr metric but satisfy weak-field tests can lead to large deviations in the predicted black-hole shadows that are inconsistent with even the current EHT measurements. We use numerical calculations of regular, parametric, non-Kerr metrics to identify the common characteristic among these different parametrizations that control the predicted shadow size. We show that the shadow-size measurements place significant constraints on deviation parameters that control the second post-Newtonian and higher orders of each metric and are, therefore, inaccessible to weak-field tests. The new constraints are complementary to those imposed by observations of gravitational waves from stellar-mass sources.
description: Physical Review Letters