cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Estrus Synchronization Programs in a Large, Confinement-Housed Dairy Herd
Creators: name: Britt, Jenks Swann
name: Gaska, Jerome
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: Estrus synchronization programs have been used to manage reproduction in dairy cattle for many years. These programs involve various protocols for administration of a single hormone or combinations of hormones, but results have varied among programs and herds. Several synchronization programs use injections of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a).1-3 A commonly used PGF2a program includes per rectal palpation to identify a corpus luteum (CL). Cattle with a CL are injected with PGF2a, observed for estrus, and inseminated only after estrus is detected. This program depends on the palpator's ability to detect a prostaglandin-receptive CL and may not be the most effective way to evaluate CL activity. Other programs that use PGF2a include the administration of 2 injections of PGF2a at selected intervals (usually 12 to 14 days) and insemination at a predetermined time or after cattle are detected in estrus. Both of these programs have resulted in the highest conception rates when cattle were inseminated after being detected in estrus, rather than inseminating at a predetermined time without detection of estrus.4 A new ovulation synchronization program5-11 does not require estrus detection. This program (Ovsynch) uses gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and PGF2a to synchronize ovulation, which may not be accompanied by detectable signs of estrus. In the Ovsynch program, an initial dose of GnRH is used to synchronize waves of follicles and PGF2a is used to lyse the CL in groups of cattle and synchronize estrus. A second injection of GnRH induces ovulation of the dominant follicle in 85 to 95% of the synchronized cattle.5 Pregnancy rates often drop during seasons with high ambient temperature.7 This may be related to heat stress, rather than problems with estrus or ovulation synchronization, because conception rates typically decrease during periods with high ambient temperature.12
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
Chlorate and perchlorate residues in food products on the Danish market
Creators: name: Hakme, Elena
name: Herrmann, Susan Strange
name: Poulsen, Mette Erecius
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Upon the European commission’s request in 2013, Denmark initiated a survey of the levels of chlorate and perchlorate in agriculture products from the Danish market over a period of 4 years from 2014 to 2017. The results of the survey were used to guide decision making with a view to setting maximum levels for intra-Union trade in 2013 and reviewing and updating the levels from 2020. The results of the Danish survey and the employed analytical method are documented in this paper. In addition to the 89 domestic samples, 30 samples of foreign origin were analysed for chlorate and perchlorate, together with ten samples of baby food and seven samples of infant formula collected from the Danish market. Samples were extracted using the Quick Polar Pesticides extraction method (QuPPe) and analysed on a triple quadrupole LC-MS/MS system. The levels of both chlorate and perchlorate detected in samples originating from Denmark were lower than the current MRLs except for a single sample of lettuce. Moreover, the percentage of foreign samples that were positive for chlorate and perchlorate residues was higher than the percentage of domestic samples. The reason for the generally low levels and low frequency of chlorate and perchlorate in Danish products is most likely linked to the fact that the water supply in Denmark is 100% unchlorinated ground water. The present study shows that residues of perchlorate and chlorate are found in Danish food products at a relatively low frequency and that the levels found are below the EU’s MRLs implemented in 2020.
Effect of hoof characteristics on the propensity of cattle to slip
Creators: name: Phillips, C. J. C.
name: Coe, R.
name: Colgan, M.
name: Duffus, C.
name: Ingoldby, L.
name: Pond, M.
name: Postlethwaite, S.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: Bovine hooves were assessed for their linear and volumetric characteristics and ranked in sets of four for hoof volume. Full article published in Veterinary Record (1998) 142, 242-245.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
Evaluation of rapid and standard tandem mass spectrometric methods to analyse veterinary drugs and their metabolites in antemortem bodily fluids from food animals
Creators: name: Shelver, Weilin L.
name: Chakrabarty, Shubhashis
name: Young, Jennifer M.
name: Byrd, Christopher J.
name: Smith, David J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Antemortem bodily fluids can serve as an indicator of veterinary medicine exposure prior to food animal slaughter. A multi-residue, rapid screen electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric (RS-ESI-MS) method was developed to analyse 10 veterinary drugs or metabolites (clenbuterol, erythromycin, flunixin, 5-hydroxyflunixin, meloxicam, ractopamine, ractopamine-glucuronide, salbutamol, tylosin, and zilpaterol) in hog oral fluid and bovine urine. Simple acetonitrile extraction with salting-out was employed to remove the analytes from matrices in less than 30 minutes. Instrumental analysis time was < 1 min/injection. Regression coefficients of matrix-matched calibration curves ranged 0.9743–0.9999 across all compounds with limits of detection ranging from 0.46–108 ng mL−1 for cattle urine and 0.19–64.4 ng mL−1 for hog oral fluid across all analytes. Except for ractopamine-glucuronide, analyte recoveries ranged from 92.7–106% for oral fluid and urine fortified at 30, 100, and 300 ng mL−1, with inter-day variations of < 25%. Ractopamine-glucuronide recovery was 93.3% for oral fluid fortified at 300 ng mL−1. The RS-ESI-MS method accurately identified ractopamine and/or ractopamine-glucuronide in incurred cattle urine with results correlating well with traditional LC-MS/MS and HPLC fluorescence methods. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of the direct quantification of ractopamine-glucuronide from biological matrices without lengthy hydrolysis and cleanup steps.
On the electronic ground state of two non-magnetic pentavalent honeycomb iridates
Creators: name: de la Torre, A.
name: Zager, B.
name: Chamorro, J. R.
name: Upton, M. H.
name: Fabbris, G.
name: Haskel, D.
name: Casa, D.
name: McQueen, T. M.
name: Plumb, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic structure of two Ir$^{5+}$ honeycomb iridates, Sr$_3$CaIr$_2$O$_9$ and NaIrO$_3$, by means of resonant x-ray techniques. We confirm that Sr$_3$CaIr$_2$O$_9$ realizes a large spin-orbit driven non-magnetic $J = 0$ singlet ground state despite sizable tetragonal distortions of Ir coordinating octahedra. On the other hand, the resonant inelastic x-ray spectra of NaIrO$_3$ are drastically different from expectations for a Mott insulator with octahedrally coordinated Ir$^{5+}$. We find that the data for NaIrO$_3$ can be best interpreted as originating from a narrow gap non-magnetic $S = 0$ band insulating ground state. Our results highlight the complex role of the ligand environment in the electronic structure of honeycomb iridates and the essential role of x-ray spectroscopy to characterize electronic ground states of insulating materials.
Conoderus posticus Portugal-Espana
Creators: name: Zapata, José Luis
name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elateridae
Conoderus
Conoderus posticus

description: Conoderus posticus (Eschscholtz, 1822)
 Distribución; Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Granada, Guadalupe, Haití, México, Panamá, R. Dominicana, Venezuela. España, Grecia (Creta), Italia (Cerdeña, Sicilia), Malta. Portugal (Is. Azores, Is. Madeiras).
 Nota; Platia (2013b) da nuevas citas de Madeira, Porto Santo y de Creta en la playa de Georgioupoli.
description: Published as part of Zapata, José Luis & Sánchez-Ruiz, Antonio, 2014, Nuevas aportaciones al catálogo de la familia Elateridae (Coleoptera) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, II., pp. 129-166 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 10 on page 131, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12713966
Author as Character and Narrator: Deconstructing Personal Narratives from the r/AmITheAsshole Reddit Community
Creators: name: Giorgi, Salvatore
name: Zhao, Ke
name: Feng, Alexander H.
name: Martin, Lara J.
Publisher: name: AAAI
Year: 2023

description: Proceedings of the Seventeenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, June 5–8, 2023, Limassol, Cyprus.
description: In the r/AmITheAsshole subreddit, people anonymously share first person narratives that contain some moral dilemma or conflict and ask the community to judge who is at fault (i.e., who is "the asshole"). These first person narratives are, in general, a unique storytelling domain where the author is not only the narrator (the person telling the story) but is also a character (the person living the story) and, thus, the author has two distinct voices presented in the story. In this study, we identify linguistic and narrative features associated with the author as the character or as a narrator. We use these features to answer the following questions: (1) what makes an asshole character and (2) what makes an asshole narrator? We extract both Author-as-Character features (e.g., demographics, narrative event chain, and emotional arc) and Author-as-Narrator features (i.e., the style and emotion of the story as a whole) in order to identify which aspects of the narrative are correlated with the final moral judgment. Our work shows that "assholes" as Characters frame themselves as lacking agency with a more positive personal arc, while "assholes" as Narrators will tell emotional and opinionated stories.
Predictive Values of Early Pregnancy Diagnosis by Ultrasonography in Dairy Cattle
Creators: name: Filteau, Virginie
name: DesCôteaux, Luc
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: A retrospective study was conducted in 15 Holstein dairy herds to determine the accuracy of detecting pregnancy with an ultrasound scanner between 22 and 40 days post-artificial insemination. The selected herds were on a computerized herd health program with the Faculty of Veterinary Medecine at the University of Montreal.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
A panel of four decreased serum microRNAs as a novel biomarker for early Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Dong, Hui
name: Wang, Cheng
name: Sunbin Lu
name: Cuiyu Yu
name: Huang, Lei
name: Wuruo Feng
name: Xu, Hui
name: Chen, Xi
name: Zen, Ke
name: Yan, Qiao
name: Weiguo Liu
name: Chunni Zhang
name: Zhang, Chen-Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Context: Sensitive, non-invasive biomarkers that facilitate Parkinson’s disease (PD) detection and stage assignment are currently unavailable. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as novel biomarkers for PD. Materials and methods: Solexa sequencing technology and quantitative real-time PCR were applied to screen and verify altered serum miRNAs in PD patients. Results: Serum miR-141, miR-214, miR-146b-5p, and miR-193a-3p were decreased significantly in PD patients compared with controls. Furthermore, the 4-miRNA panel enabled the differentiation of HY stage 1 and 2 PD patients from controls. Discussion and conclusion: The four serum miRNAs may represent novel biomarkers for the early detection of PD.
Does it Pay to Use an Ultrasound Machine for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Dairy Cows?
Creators: name: DesCôteaux, Luc
name: Fetrow, John
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: Pregnancy diagnosis is regarded as an important and necessary component of a complete dairy herd health program (Olternacu et al. , 1990). The main objective of such a comprehensive program is to make sure that healthy productive cows calve at 12-13 month intervals to optimize their life milk production. Seegers and Malher (1996) reported that every open day past 100 days in milk costs between $2.50 and $4.00 to dairy producers. Early pregnancy diagnosis can assist dairymen in managing open cows and improving reproductive performance and economics of their herd (Olternacu et al., 1990).
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
Prevention and Treatment of Down Cows
Creators: name: Cox, V. S.
name: Farmsworth, R. J.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: The point where a down cow is no longer considered to be down temporarily but has become a "real" downer is at best arbitrary. Therefore, the line between prevention and treatment is also arbitrary. This terminology matter is only an academic issue, but it is useful to point out a general principle. That is: many of the measures used to prevent downers are the same ones used to manage downers in order to prevent them from getting worse and thereby provide time for healing. The major management tools1 for both prevention and treatment are: 1. Providing a good non-slip surface to make it possible for cows to stand unassisted whenever possible. 2. Providing a means to minimize compression damage due to recumbency. The 2 main tools here are comfortable and clean bedding and a variety of lifting or support methods. Prevention and treatment of the primary causes of recumbency per se are beyond the scope of this paper and will be covered in detail by other participants. Much can be done to prevent metabolic problems by good dry cow dietary management, but the more mundane matter of providing a safe environment for calving is often overlooked.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
Human-in-the-loop Schema Induction
Creators: name: Zhang, Tianyi
name: Tham, Isaac
name: Hou, Zhaoyi
name: Ren, Jiaxuan
name: Zhou, Leon
name: Xu, Hainiu
name: Zhang, Li
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Dror, Rotem
name: Li, Sha
name: Ji, Heng
name: Palmer, Martha
name: Brown, Susan Windisch
name: Suchocki, Reece
name: Callison-Burch, Chris
Publisher: name: ACL
Year: 2023

description: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, July 2023, Toronto, Canada
description: Schema induction builds a graph representation explaining how events unfold in a scenario. Existing approaches have been based on information retrieval (IR) and information extraction (IE), often with limited human curation. We demonstrate a human-in-the-loop schema induction system powered by GPT-3. We first describe the different modules of our system, including prompting to generate schematic elements, manual edit of those elements, and conversion of those into a schema graph. By qualitatively comparing our system to previous ones, we show that our system not only transfers to new domains more easily than previous approaches, but also reduces efforts of human curation thanks to our interactive interface.
MAXSUS O'QUV MUASSASALARI UCHUN AXBOROT VOSITALARIDAN FOYDALANISH BO'YICHA KO'RSATMALARNI ISHLAB CHIQISH METODIKASI
Creators: name: Eminov, Behzodbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada maxsus o‘quv muassasalari uchun axborot vositalaridan foydalanish bo‘yicha ko‘rsatmalar ishlab chiqish metodikasining asosiy tamoyillari va yondashuvlari yoritiladi. Maxsus ehtiyojli o‘quvchilarning axborotga kirish imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish, ularning ijtimoiy moslashuvi va ta’limdagi muvaffaqiyatlarini oshirishda axborot vositalarining ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda, axborot vositalarining maxsus ehtiyojlarga moslashtirilgan shakllari va ulardan foydalanish metodikasining samaradorligi ko‘rib chiqiladi.
Dungeons and Dragons as a Dialog Challenge for Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Callison-Burch, Chris
name: Tomar, Gaurav Singh
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Ippolito, Daphne
name: Bailis, Suma
name: Reitter, David
Publisher: name: ACL
Year: 2022

description: Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, December 7-11, 2022, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
description: AI researchers have posited Dungeons and Dragons (D&D) as a challenge problem to test systems on various language-related capabilities. In this paper, we frame D&D specifically as a dialogue system challenge, where the tasks are to both generate the next conversational turn in the game and predict the state of the game given the dialogue history. We create a gameplay dataset consisting of nearly 900 games, with a total of 7,000 players, 800,000 dialogue turns, 500,000 dice rolls, and 58 million words. We automatically annotate the data with partial state information about the game play. We train a large language model (LM) to generate the next game turn, conditioning it on different information. The LM can respond as a particular character or as the player who runs the game—i.e., the Dungeon Master (DM). It is trained to produce dialogue that is either in-character (roleplaying in the fictional world) or out-of-character (discussing rules or strategy). We perform a human evaluation to determine what factors make the generated output plausible and interesting. We further perform an automatic evaluation to determine how well the model can predict the game state given the history and examine how well tracking the game state improves its ability to produce plausible conversational output.
Classical homological stability from the point of view of cells
Creators: name: Randal-Williams, Oscar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P48, 20J05

description: We explain how to interpret the complexes arising in the "classical" homology stability argument (e.g. in the framework of Randal-Williams--Wahl) in terms of higher algebra, which leads to a new proof of homological stability in this setting. The key ingredient is a theorem of Damiolini on the contractibility of certain arc complexes. We also explain how to directly compare the connectivities of these complexes with that of the "splitting complexes" of Galatius--Kupers--Randal-Williams.
description: 13 pages; v2. 19 pages, accepted version to appear in Algebraic & Geometric Topology
The Gauge Theory of Measurement-Based Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Wong, Gabriel
name: Raussendorf, Robert
name: Czech, Bartlomiej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-Based Quantum Computation (MBQC) is a model of quantum computation, which uses local measurements instead of unitary gates. Here we explain that the MBQC procedure has a fundamental basis in an underlying gauge theory. This perspective provides a theoretical foundation for global aspects of MBQC. The gauge transformations reflect the freedom of formulating the same MBQC computation in different local reference frames. The main identifications between MBQC and gauge theory concepts are: (i) the computational output of MBQC is a holonomy of the gauge field, (ii) the adaptation of measurement basis that remedies the inherent randomness of quantum measurements is effected by gauge transformations. The gauge theory of MBQC also plays a role in characterizing the entanglement structure of symmetry-protected topologically (SPT) ordered states, which are resources for MBQC. Our framework situates MBQC in a broader context of condensed matter and high energy theory.
description: journal-accepted version; 44 pp. plus references, 12 figures, 1 table
Influence of grape rot on the contents of sulfur binding compounds in wine after automated optical grape sorting
Creators: name: Hausinger, K.
name: Lipps, M.
name: Raddatz, H.
name: Rosch, A.
name: Scholten, G.
name: Schrenk, D.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2015

description: In the last years, climate change has played an important role in some wine growing regions because of the increasing hazard of different kinds of bunch rot. Botrytis cinerea is the most important kind of rot on grapes. Beside sensory effects, this rot can influence the content of yeast nutrients, e.g. thiamine, in the must and thus affect the alcoholic fermentation. To get insight into the influence of Botrytis cinerea on the content of sulfur binding compounds formed during the fermentation process in wine, tons of grapes from the Mosel valley were sorted by an automated optical grape sorter, an innovative possibility of grape sorting, in 2011. Wine samples before sulfurisation of the four sorting fractions, namely control (unsorted berries), free-run (juice from opened berries), positive (healthy, intact berries) and negative (rotten berries) were analysed for the sulfur-binding compounds acetaldehyde, pyruvic acid, 2-oxoglutaric acid and for bound sulfur dioxide. The results show that acetaldehyde concentrations were not affected by rot, while pyruvic acid and 2-oxoglutaric acid levels were significantly higher in the negative fractions and lower in the positive fractions. Accordingly, bound sulfur levels were significantly higher in wines from the negative fraction. In conclusion, it could be shown that fractionation of the berries can efficiently help to reduce sulfur binding compounds in wine and thus reduce the addition of sulfur dioxide.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 53 No. 3 (2014): Vitis
Steenrod problem and some graded Stanley-Reisner rings
Creators: name: Takeda, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N10, 55R35, 13F55

description: ``What kind of ring can be represented as the singular cohomology ring of a space?'' is a classic problem in algebraic topology, posed by Steenrod. In this paper, we consider this problem when rings are the graded Stanley-Reisner rings, in other words the polynomial rings divided by an ideal generated by square-free monomials. Under some assumption, we give a necessary and sufficiently condition that a graded Stanley-Reisner ring is realizable.
Using Language Models to Convert Between Natural Language and Game Commands
Creators: name: Papazov, Stefan
name: Gill, Wesley
name: Ferreiro, Marta Garcia
name: Zhu, Andrew
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Callison-Burch, Chris
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2022

description: Dungeons and Dragons is a popular tabletop role-playing game that has been adapted to online play. In this paper, we look at enhancing a Discord Bot called Avrae that is developed by D&D Beyond to help with online play. Avrae enables users to manage gameplay through Unix-like commands. We explore using language models to automatically translate player dialogue into Avrae's commands. We use GPT-3's few shot learning and fine tuning capabilities and achieve 64% accuracy. We also explore the reverse direction, where commands are rendered as descriptive text, suggesting that it may eventually be possible to combine Avrae and LMs to create a system that is capable of role-playing alongside players.
An interior proximal gradient method for nonconvex optimization
Creators: name: De Marchi, Alberto
name: Themelis, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J52, 65K05, 90C30

description: We consider structured minimization problems subject to smooth inequality constraints and present a flexible algorithm that combines interior point (IP) and proximal gradient schemes. While traditional IP methods cannot cope with nonsmooth objective functions and proximal algorithms cannot handle complicated constraints, their combined usage is shown to successfully compensate the respective shortcomings. We provide a theoretical characterization of the algorithm and its asymptotic properties, deriving convergence results for fully nonconvex problems, thus bridging the gap with previous works that successfully addressed the convex case. Our interior proximal gradient algorithm benefits from warm starting, generates strictly feasible iterates with decreasing objective value, and returns after finitely many iterations a primal-dual pair approximately satisfying suitable optimality conditions. As a byproduct of our analysis of proximal gradient iterations we demonstrate that a slight refinement of traditional backtracking techniques waives the need for upper bounding the stepsize sequence, as required in existing results for the nonconvex setting.
Factors to Concentrate on to Prevent Periparturient Disease in the Dairy Cow With Special Emphasis on Milk Fever
Creators: name: Goff, J. P.
name: Horst, R. L.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: Efficient milk production continues to require the dairy cow to experience gestation and parturition each year. The transition from pregnant, non-lactating to non-pregnant, lactating is too often a disastrous experience for the cow. Most of the metabolic diseases of dairy cows - milk fever, ketosis, retained placenta, and displacement of the abomasum - occur within the first 2 weeks (wk) of lactation. The etiology of many of those metabolic diseases that are not clinically apparent during the first 2 wk of lactation, such as laminitis, can be traced back to insults that occurred in early lactation. In addition to metabolic disease, the overwhelming majority of infectious diseases, especially mastitis, but also diseases such as Johne's disease and Salmonellosis, become clinically apparent during the first 2 wk of lactation. The well-being of the cow and her profitability could be greatly enhanced by understanding those factors that account for the high disease incidence in periparturient cows. Three basic physiologic functions must be maintained during the periparturient period if disease is to be avoided. These are: 1. adaptation of the rumen to high energy density lactation diets to reduce the degree of negative energy balance experienced by the cow; 2. maintenance of normocalcemia; and 3. reducing the degree of immunosuppression that occurs around parturition. Both metabolic disease and infectious disease incidence are greatly increased whenever one or more of these physiological functions is impaired. The etiological role of each of these three physiological factors on the development of each of the common diseases encountered during the periparturient period is discussed more fully in reference.17 A brief discussion of the etiology of several important periparturient diseases is presented below.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
The Many Causes of Down Cows
Creators: name: Cox, V. S.
name: Onapito, J. S.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: The down cow is a diagnostic challenge because of the multiplicity of factors which can lead to the same general presentation. Recumbency itself makes examination more difficult due to the bulk and weight of modern dairy cows. The superimposition of several causes in a single case make the order of events and the relative importance of various factors difficult or impossible to sort out. On post mortem examination secondary ischemia and muscle tearing, dislocations and fractures may be readily apparent while primary causes remain elusive.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
Identification and geographic distribution of genetic groups of Erysiphe necator in Chilean vineyards
Creators: name: Araya, C.
name: Rosales, I. M.
name: Méndez, M. A.
name: Delmotte, F.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2015

description: The grapevine powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungus Erysiphe necator, is one of the most important diseases of this crop in Chile. We converted existing single nucleotide polymorphisms in β-tubulin, rDNA intergenic spacer region 1 and eburicol 14-α-demethylase into three cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS). These CAPS markers were used for the genetic characterization of Erysiphe necator isolates collected on clusters of Vitis vinifera cv. 'Cabernet Sauvignon' in 23 vineyards across Chile. Among the 105 Chilean isolates analyzed, 103 revealed to belong to genetic group B and 2 to genetic group A. These results correspond to the first report of the presence of genetic groups A and B of E. necator in Chile.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 53 No. 3 (2014): Vitis
CIS²: A Simplified Commonsense Inference Evaluation for Story Prose
Creators: name: Li, Bryan
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Callison-Burch, Chris
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2022

description: Transformers have been showing near-human performance on a variety of tasks, but they are not without their limitations. We discuss the issue of conflating results of transformers that are instructed to do multiple tasks simultaneously. In particular, we focus on the domain of commonsense reasoning within story prose, which we call contextual commonsense inference (CCI). We look at the GLUCOSE (Mostafazadeh et al. 2020) dataset and task for predicting implicit commonsense inferences between story sentences. Since the GLUCOSE task simultaneously generates sentences and predicts the CCI relation, there is a conflation in the results. Is the model really measuring CCI or is its ability to generate grammatical text carrying the results? In this paper, we introduce the task contextual commonsense inference in sentence selection (CIS²), a simplified task that avoids conflation by eliminating language generation altogether. Our findings emphasize the necessity of future work to disentangle language generation from the desired NLP tasks at hand.
Practical Computerized Monitoring of Parlor Cow Flow
Creators: name: Stewart, Steven C.
name: Eicker, Steven W.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: As dairies grow larger, efficient operation of the milking parlor becomes critical for many reasons. First, it is typically one of the largest capital investments on the dairy. Second, it is often the limiting resource to further expansion. Third, it requires a substantial percentage of the total labor force on the dairy. Fourth, it is often the place where disease detection occurs or cows are identified for other management needs. It is also often the actual site of treatment or sorting for further action. Therefore, constant monitoring of a parlor is necessary to keep it operating at peak efficiency. Electronics in the form of automatic identification and electronic milk weighing meters, coupled with computers and herd management software, are increasingly being used to aid this monitoring. This area has much potential to allow better management control and decision making, but usually this potential (as well as the substantial investment for the electronics) is at best greatly under-utilized, if not wasted. This paper will discuss using electronically captured data to monitor and manage parlor performance.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998
Green leaf volatiles affect the resveratrol production stimulated by ultraviolet C irradiation in grape leaf discs
Creators: name: Komai, I.
name: Boushita, K.
name: Shiozaki, S.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2015

description: The effect of green leaf volatiles (GLVs; cis-3-hexenol and trans-2-hexenal) on the resveratrol production stimulated and nonstimulated by ultraviolet C (UV-C) irradiation was elucidated in the leaf discs of ‘Delaware’ grapes. Each GLV treatment slightly reduced resveratrol levels in the leaf discs. Pretreatment with cis-3-hexenol inhibited the resveratrol accumulation stimulated by UV-C irradiation irrespective of the concentration. On the other hand, pretreatment with trans-2-hexenal at low concentration augmented the levels of resveratrol increased by UV-C irradiation. These results suggest that trans-2-hexenal had a priming effect on the resveratrol accumulation stimulated by UV-C irradiation in grape leaf discs. The highest priming effect of trans-2-hexenal was found at 2.58 μM for 24 h exposure. Exposure times, from 2 to 24 h, of 4.3 μM trans-2-hexenal did not change the priming effect.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 53 No. 3 (2014): Vitis
An improved method to access initial states in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Bhatta, Somadutta
name: Bairathi, Vipul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observables in heavy-ion collisions are generally categorized into centralities, which reflect an average over events within a range of impact parameter including a wide variety of initial state configurations. A multiple binning method using spectator neutrons within each centrality has been previously shown to provide access to events with rare initial state conditions. This work suggests an improvement in quantifying the difference between standard centrality and spectator neutron binning towards accessing the initial state properties. A selection of events with higher initial state density at fixed participating nucleon number was observed to result in larger final state particle production and smaller elliptic flow. The relative difference between observables in centrality and spectator binning shows reduced sensitivity for the observables dominated by impact parameter fluctuations in initial state such as triangular flow. This property makes the spectator binning method a good candidate to separate geometric contributions from random fluctuations in initial state towards final state observables.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
QuakerBot: A household dialog system powered by large language models
Creators: name: Panagopoulou, Artemis
name: Arora, Manni
name: Zhang, Li
name: Cugini, Dimitri
name: You, Weiqiu
name: Yang, Yue
name: Zhou, Liyang
name: Wang, Yuxuan
name: Hou, Zhaoyi
name: Hwang, Alyssa
name: Martin, Lara J.
name: Shi, Sherry
name: Callison-Burch, Chris
name: Yatskar, Mark
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2021

description: 1st Proceedings of Alexa Prize TaskBot (Alexa Prize 2021)
description: We describe QuakerBot, a dialog system that helps users with household tasks and a participant in the Alexa Prize TaskBot Challenge. QuakerBot can process a variety of user requests, search for instructions from web resources such as wikiHow or Whole Foods Market recipes, answer related questions, and so on. Its components simultaneously consist of large language models with an impressive few-shot performance, and rule-based models with robust service.
Effect of rootstock on nutrition, pollination and fertilisation in 'Shiraz' (Vitis vinifera L.)
Creators: name: Kidman, C. M.
name: Dry, P. R.
name: McCarthy, M. G.
name: Collins, C.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2015

description: Rootstocks have previously been shown to alter reproductive performance in grapevines. The concentration of nutrients associated with pollination and fertilisation in grapevines such as boron, calcium, zinc and molybdenum were determined in petiole and pollen tissue from vines from a 'Shiraz' (Vitis vinifera L.) rootstock trial at flowering. 'Shiraz' on own roots had a higher calcium concentration in the petioles across the three seasons than the rootstock treatments. This coincided with higher seeded berry number, total number of berries per bunch and berry weight compared to rootstock treatments. '1103 Paulsen' had a significantly higher amount of boron and a lower number of seedless berries and a lower millerandage index (MI). Zinc deficiency was observed for '110 Richter' and '140 Ruggeri' across the three seasons and when zinc was found to be deficient, coulure index (CI) was increased. In the third and final year of the analysis pollen nutrition was incorporated into the analysis. Deficiency of molybdenum in both pollen and petiole analysis resulted in reduced berry weight due to stenospermocarpy or seed shrivel. Rootstocks with the highest number of pollen grains on the stigma also had the highest number of ovules fertilised. Calcium, zinc, boron and molybdenum are nutrients essential for pollination and fertilisation in grapevines and rootstocks were found to affect the sequestration of nutrients which affected reproductive performance.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 53 No. 3 (2014): Vitis
Dicronychus versicolor Portugal-Espana
Creators: name: Zapata, José Luis
name: Sánchez-Ruiz, Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Elateridae
Dicronychus
Dicronychus versicolor

description: Dicronychus versicolor (Mulsant y Guillebeau, 1856)
 Distribución; Austria, Bulgaria, Eslovenia, España, Francia, Italia, Grecia. Turquía.
 Nota; Platia (2013b) la cita como nueva para Eslovenia, de Krim, Alisma, 7.5.2000.
description: Published as part of Zapata, José Luis & Sánchez-Ruiz, Antonio, 2014, Nuevas aportaciones al catálogo de la familia Elateridae (Coleoptera) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares, II., pp. 129-166 in Arquivos Entomolóxicos 10 on page 134, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12713966
Poe’s The Gold-Bug: from the Reading of Madness to the Madness of its Readings
Creators: name: Caraman, Lorelei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: Literature

description: Poe’s The Gold-Bug: from the Reading of Madness to the Madness of its Readings seeks to establish a relationship between the scene of reading within Poe’s tale and the scene of the tale’s early psychoanalytic readings. By first following the function of interpretation within the text and subsequently moving to some of the characteristics of its critical interpretations, we aim to show how “The Gold-Bug”, not only anticipates its misreadings, but also how it ultimately deconstructs them. One of the paper’s main objectives, therefore, is to bring into the foreground what Pierre Bayard calls “the paradoxical nature” of the literary text, by illustrating the way in which Poe’s short story invites a reading of madness, while simultaneously exposing the “madness” of its readings.
Agrobacterium vitis strains lack tumorigenic ability on in vitro grown grapevine stem segments
Creators: name: Szegedi, E.
name: Deak, T.
name: Forgács, I.
name: Zok, A.
name: Olah, R.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2015

description: Grapevine stem segments were cocultivated with three different Agrobacterium tumefaciens and three different A. vitis strains. A. tumefaciens strains induced tumors at variable frequencies, while A. vitis-infected stem segments never formed crown galls. The tumorous nature of tissues grown on hormone free medium was confirmed by opine assays. Bioinformatic and PCR analysis of the virulence regions of various A. tumefaciens and A. vitis Ti plasmids showed that virH2 and virK genes are common in A. tumefaciens but they are lacking from A. vitis. Thus virH2 and virK genes may be essential for grapevine stem segment transformation, but expression of certain T-DNA genes of A. vitis may also prevent the growth of transformed cells. Our data indicate that the tumorigenic ability of A. vitis is different on intact plant and on their explants, and that the specific host association of A. vitis on grapevine is probably determined by physiological and biochemical factors (e. g., better colonizing ability) rather than by its increased tumorigenic ability. Therefore it is not reasonable to develop „helper” plasmids for grapevine transformation from A. vitis pTis, unless their avirulence on in vitro explants is determined by T-DNA gene(s). Due to the inability of A. vitis to induce tumors on grapevine stem segments, the use of in vitro explant assays cannot be reliably used to select A. vitis resistant grapevine genotypes or transgenic lines.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 53 No. 3 (2014): Vitis
Literature and Psychoanalysis: Whose Madness is it anyway?
Creators: name: Caraman, Lorelei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: Literature

description: Examiner/examined, analyst/analysand, subject/object, sane/mad, science/art: the relationship between psychoanalysis and literature appears to conform to this binary logic, with the first term in each set clearly privileged over the second. The realm of the literary is populated with an impressive assortment of mad characters and mad authors: killers, junkies, drunkards, the paranoid, the depressed, the suicidal, the abandoned or the simply alienated. Literature inhabits and is inhabited by the pathological, or so it must have seemed to the armies of psychoanalytic critics who repeatedly turned to it. We seek to deconstruct this particular binary view of literature-as-madness, psychoanalysis-as-saneness by showing how a critic’s preoccupation with the pathology of an author can sometimes expose his/her own unconscious complexes, desires or fears. With this in mind, we thus momentarily turn the examiner into the examined.
Nano Moth-eye Structures Fabricated Using Ultra-thin Photoresist and Combined Dry and Wet Etches
Creators: name: Sood, Rachit
name: Tu, Chaoran
name: Bamford, Douglas
name: Henseley, Joel
name: Woolf, David
name: Menyuk, Curtis
name: Singh, Narsingh
name: Choa, Fow-Sen
Publisher: name: SciTechnol
Year: 2023
Subjects: Anti-reflection
Moth eye structures
Mid-IR
fabrication
Photolithography
Wet etching
Newton rings

description: Anti-Reflective (AR) coatings are used to suppress reflection and enhance optical transmission, but many coatings cannot withstand harsh environmental conditions. In this work, we report the fabrication of nanostructures on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) via contact photolithography for anti-reflection applications in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range. An E- beam mask was used to lithographically transfer nano-structure patterns to a SiO2 etching mask and then further transfer the structure to gallium arsenide wafers. With a thin layer Photo Resist (PR) along with a combination of Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) and wet Buffered Oxide Etching (BOE), we were able to transfer the nanostructure patterns from the thin PR to the thick SiO2 etching mask and then onto a wafer. The fabricated structures are squares and hexagons of feature size 900 nm, 1000 nm, 1100 nm, and the gap between two neighboring shapes is 400 nm. By varying the pitch of the structures, we observe improvement in the transmission over the mid-IR range (500-2000 cm-1 wavenumber). Experimental results of coated and uncoated GaAs are obtained using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) while theoretical results of coated GaAs are shown using the Rigorous Coupled Wave Analysis (RCWA). This work provides a better success rate and a more readily available mass production technique to fabricate the sub-wavelength nanostructures. The theoretical results obtained using RCWA agree well with experimental results to show the overall 69% transmission with a one-side coated gallium arsenide wafer.
Leaf morphological characteristics and stilbene production differently affect downy mildew resistance of Vitis vinifera varieties grown in Italy
Creators: name: Paolocci, M.
name: Mugano, M.
name: Alonso-Villaverde, V.
name: Gindro, K.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2015

description: The degree of resistance to downy mildew of grape varieties belonging to the oenological tradition of Central Italy was evaluated by the analysis of plant responses to pathogen infections carried out in natural and controlled environments. Leaf morphological traits, such as hair and stomatal density, were determined for each variety, and the percentage of infected stomata and pathogen colonization of host mesophyll at 24, 48, and 72 hours post inoculation were assessed by epifluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, stilbene production at the site of Plasmopara viticola infection was analyzed at 72 hours post inoculation. Results indicate differences in resistance to downy mildew among selected varieties. Different significant values were detected among grapevines in the percentage of infected stomata and average number of successfully penetrated zoospores per stomata and per leaf surface unit. Differences also emerged in the rate of pathogen growth and stilbene production, signifying that defence mechanisms involved or induced during pathogen infection could be differentially effective among grapevine cultivars in limiting disease progression.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 53 No. 3 (2014): Vitis
Exploratory study on the economic value of a closed farming system on Dutch dairy farms
Creators: name: Van Schaik, G.
name: Dijkhuizen, A. A.
name: Benedictus, G.
name: Barkema, H. W.
name: Koole, J. L.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1998

description: A closed farming system may prevent the introduction of infectious diseases on to dairy farms and could be a good starting point for the eradication of these diseases. In order to introduce a closed farming system, farmers need to be made aware of how these are introduced into the herd. Full article published in Veterinary Record (1998) 142, 240-242.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1998