cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Early functional brain network changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Creators: name: Auer, Tibor
name: Sami, Saber
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170205 Neurocognitive Patterns and Neural Networks
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Presented on the 24th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM 2018). Poster number: 1152.
Introduction:Alzheimer's disease is the leading neurodegenerative disorder both in terms of its scale and its socio-economic impact, therefore there is an increasing international effort for more accurate early diagnosis. Although a growing number of neuroimaging reports suggests that disruption of extensive brain networks rather than dysfunction of one or more brain areas are behind the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias1, the underlying effects of early mild cognitive impairment on functional brain network topology remain poorly understood. Hence we used graph theoretical analysis to evaluate the functional network properties in early mild cognitive impairment.
Methods:Resting state functional images were obtained from ADNI2 study2 together with the corresponding T1-weighted MPRAGE and fieldmap images for 24 subjects classified as normal controls (CN, n=12) or with early mild cognitive impairment (EMCI, n=12) at the initial ADNI2 visit, as well as 12 and 24 months later. Images were processed using a novel pipeline automatic analysis3. Workflow consisted of combined motion and distortion correction, as well as slice timing correction. Images were normalised using DARTEL. Time series have been extracted from atlas based brain regions for the construction of brain connectivity matrices and to compute network-based statistics.
Results:We investigated the interaction between factors GROUP (NC, EMCI) and TIME (initial, year1, year2) to identify longitudinal changes specific for the ECMI group. Our results demonstrate that early mild cognitive impairment reorganizes the resting brain networks with the earliest changes affecting the hubs of the default mode network and leading to a decrease in local information transfer in the prefrontal cortex, as indicated by local efficiency accompanied by similar decreases in the hippocampus.
Conclusions:These findings underscore the utility of graph-based network analysis to identify longitudinal functional network connectivity changes for early diagnosis using resting state in early Mild cognitive impairment.
A-D hypersurface of $su(n)$ $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theory with $N_f = 2n-2$ flavors
Creators: name: Itoyama, Hiroshi
name: Oota, Takeshi
name: Yoshioka, Reiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the previous letter, arXiv:2210.16738[hep-th], we found a set of flavor mass relations as constraints that the $β$-deformed $A_{n-1}$ quiver matrix model restores the maximal symmetry in the massive scaling limit and reported the existence of Argyres-Douglas critical hypersurface. In this letter, we derive the concrete conditions on moduli parameters which maximally degenerates the Seiberg-Witten curve while maintaining the flavor mass relations. These conditions define the A-D hypersurface.
description: 6 pages
On integrable natural Hamiltonian systems on the suspensions of toric automorphism
Creators: name: Matveev, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We point out a mistake in the main statement of \cite{liu} and suggest and proof a correct statement.
description: 5 pages, no figures
Numerische Modellierung und Simulation von bleifreien Relaxor-Ferroelektrikum-Kompositen
Creators: name: Streich, Friedemann
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2023
Subjects: Finite-Elemente-Simulation
Piezoelektrizität
Ferroelektrizität
bleifreie Ferroelektrika
Piezoelectricity
Ferroelectricity
Lead-Free Ferroelectrics

description: Das elektromechanische Verhalten zweier neu entwickelten, auf Natrium-Bismut-Titanat basierenden bleifreier Ferroelektrika sowie daraus bestehenden Zweilagenkompositen wird durch Experimente und numerische Simulationen untersucht. Für die Finite-Elemente-Methode wird hierzu ein dreidimensionales, vollständig elektromechanisch gekoppeltes Materialmodell entwickelt. An Hand einer Parameterstudie werden die elektromechanischen Kopplungseigenschaften der Zweilagenkomposite optimiert.
UV Luminosity Density Results at z>8 from the First JWST/NIRCam Fields: Limitations of Early Data Sets and the Need for Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Bouwens, Rychard
name: Illingworth, Garth
name: Oesch, Pascal
name: Stefanon, Mauro
name: Naidu, Rohan
name: van Leeuwen, Ivana
name: Magee, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have derived luminosity functions, and set constraints on the UV luminosity and SFR density from z~17 to z~8, using the three most-studied JWST/NIRCam data sets, the SMACS0723, GLASS Parallel, and CEERS fields. We first used our own selections on two independent reductions of these datasets using the latest calibrations. 18 z~8, 12 z~10, 5 z~13, and 1 z~17 candidate galaxies are identified over these fields in our primary reductions, with a similar number of candidates in our secondary reductions. We then use these two reductions, applying a quantitative discriminator, to segregate the full set of z>~8 candidates reported over these fields from the literature, into three different samples, ``robust,'' ``solid,'' and ``possible''. Using all of these samples we then derive UV LF and luminosity density results at $z\geq8$, finding substantial differences. For example, including the full set of ``solid'' and ``possible'' z>~12 candidates from the literature, we find UV luminosity densities which are ~7x and ~20x higher than relying on the ``robust'' candidates alone. These results indicate the evolution of the UV LF and luminosity densities at z>~8 is still extremely uncertain, emphasizing the need for spectroscopy and deeper NIRCam+optical imaging to obtain reliable results. Nonetheless, even with the very conservative ``robust'' approach to selections, both from our own and those of other studies, we find the luminosity density from luminous (M(UV)<-19) galaxies to be ~2x larger than is easily achievable using constant star-formation efficiency models, similar to what other early JWST results have suggested.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, 15 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS, figure 7 shows the key results
Turbulence, intermittency and cross-scale energy transfer in an interplanetary coronal mass ejection
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Roque Márquez
name: Sorriso-Valvo, Luca
name: Yordanova, Emiliya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar wind measurements carried out by NASA's Wind spacecraft before, during and after the passing of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) detected on 12-14 September 2014 have been used in order to examine several properties of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Spectral indices and flatness scaling exponents of magnetic field, velocity and proton density measurements were obtained, and provided a standard description of the characteristics of turbulence within different sub-regions of the ICME and its surroundings. This analysis was followed by the validation of the third-order moment scaling law for isotropic, incompressible MHD turbulence in the same sub-regions, which confirmed the fully developed nature of turbulence in the ICME plasma. The energy transfer rate was also estimated in each ICME sub-region and in the surrounding solar wind. An exceptionally high value was found within the ICME sheath, accompanied by enhanced intermittency, possibly related to the powerful energy injection associated with the arrival of the ICME.
Sky-averaged 21-cm signal extraction using multiple antennas with an SVD framework: the REACH case
Creators: name: Saxena, Anchal
name: Meerburg, P. Daniel
name: Acedo, Eloy de Lera
name: Handley, Will
name: Koopmans, Léon V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a sky-averaged 21-cm signal experiment, the uncertainty on the extracted signal depends mainly on the covariance between the foreground and 21-cm signal models. In this paper, we construct these models using the modes of variation obtained from the Singular Value Decomposition of a set of simulated foreground and 21-cm signals. We present a strategy to reduce this overlap between the 21-cm and foreground modes by simultaneously fitting the spectra from multiple different antennas, which can be used in combination with the method of utilizing the time dependence of foregrounds while fitting multiple drift scan spectra. To demonstrate this idea, we consider two different foreground models (i) a simple foreground model, where we assume a constant spectral index over the sky, and (ii) a more realistic foreground model, with a spatial variation of the spectral index. For the simple foreground model, with just a single antenna design, we are able to extract the signal with good accuracy if we simultaneously fit the data from multiple time slices. The 21-cm signal extraction is further improved when we simultaneously fit the data from different antennas as well. This improvement becomes more pronounced while using the more realistic mock observations generated from the detailed foreground model. We find that even if we fit multiple time slices, the recovered signal is biased and inaccurate for a single antenna. However, simultaneously fitting the data from different antennas reduces the bias and the uncertainty by a factor of 2-3 on the extracted 21-cm signal.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Accompanying code is available https://github.com/anchal-009/SAVED21cm
Communication Structures in the Design Phase of Lean Project Delivery
Creators: name: Hickethier, Gernot
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: Lean Construction
Lean Design
Social Network Analysis
Design Structure Matrix
Relational Contract

description: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, eine Methode zu entwickeln, welche die kontinuierliche Verbesserung von Kommunikationsstrukturen in der Planungsphase komplexer Bauprojekte unterstützt. Dazu werden für die erfolgreiche Anwendung der Methode die Anforderungen Integration und Flexibilität des Projektteams definiert, sowie die Erreichbarkeit der Anforderungen in einer Fallstudie mittels Social Network Analysis nachgewiesen. Darauf aufbauend wird die Methode basierend auf Lean Management entwickelt und in Fallstudien erfolgreich getestet.
The first large catalogue of spectroscopic redshifts in Webb's First Deep Field, SMACS J0723.3$-$7327
Creators: name: Noirot, Gaël
name: Desprez, Guillaume
name: Asada, Yoshihisa
name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Estrada-Carpenter, Vicente
name: Martis, Nicholas
name: Sarrouh, Ghassan
name: Strait, Victoria
name: Abraham, Roberto
name: Bradač, Maruša
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Iyer, Kartheik
name: MacFarland, Shannon
name: Matharu, Jasleen
name: Mowla, Lamiya
name: Muzzin, Adam
name: Pacifici, Camilla
name: Ravindranath, Swara
name: Willott, Chris J.
name: Albert, Loïc
name: Doyon, René
name: Hutchings, John B.
name: Rowlands, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectroscopic redshift catalogue of the SMACS J0723.3$-$7327 field ("Webb's First Deep Field") obtained from JWST/NIRISS grism spectroscopy and supplemented with JWST/NIRSpec and VLT/MUSE redshifts. The catalogue contains a total of 190 sources with secure spectroscopic redshifts, including 156 NIRISS grism redshifts, 123 of which are for sources whose redshifts were previously unknown. These new grism redshifts are secured with two or more spectroscopic features (64 sources), or with a single spectral feature whose identity is secured from the object's nine-band photometric redshift (59 sources). These are complemented with 17 NIRSpec and 48 MUSE redshifts, including six new NIRSpec redshifts identified in this work. In addition to the $z_{\rm cl}=0.39$ cluster galaxy redshifts (for which we provide $\sim$40 new NIRISS absorption-line redshifts), we also find three prominent galaxy overdensities at higher redshifts - at $z=1.1$, $z=1.4$, and $z=2.0$ - that were until now not seen in the JWST/NIRSpec and VLT/MUSE data. The paper describes the characteristics of our spectroscopic redshift sample and the methodology we have employed to obtain it. Our redshift catalogue is made available to the community at https://niriss.github.io/smacs0723.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 3 appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Effects of Fock term, tensor coupling and baryon structure variation on a neutron star
Creators: name: Miyatsu, Tsuyoshi
name: Katayama, Tetsuya
name: Saito, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equation of state for neutron matter is calculated within relativistic Hartree-Fock approximation. The tensor couplings of vector mesons to baryons are included, and the change of baryon internal structure in matter is also considered using the quark-meson coupling model. We obtain the maximum neutron-star mass of $\sim 2.0 M_\odot$, which is consistent with the recently observed, precise mass, $1.97\pm0.04 M_{\odot}$. The Fock contribution is very important and, in particular, the inclusion of tensor coupling is vital to obtain such large mass. The baryon structure variation in matter also enhances the mass of a neutron star.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Flavonstrahlung in the $B_3-L_2$ $Z'$ Model at Current and Future Colliders
Creators: name: Allanach, Ben
name: Loisa, Eetu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $B_3-L_2$ $Z^\prime$ model may explain some gross features of the fermion mass spectrum as well as $b\rightarrow s \ell \ell$ anomalies. A TeV-scale physical scalar field associated with gauged $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ spontaneous symmetry breaking, the flavon field $\vartheta$, affects Higgs phenomenology via mixing. In this paper, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the flavon field. Higgs and $W$ boson mass data are used to place bounds upon parameter space. We then examine flavonstrahlung (${Z^\prime} \rightarrow Z^\prime \vartheta$ production) at colliders as a means to directly produce and discover flavon particles, providing direct empirical evidence tying it to $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ symmetry breaking. A 100 TeV FCC-hh or a 10 TeV muon collider would have high sensitivity to flavonstrahlung, whereas the HL-LHC can observe it only in extreme corners of parameter space.
description: 27 pages, 14 figures
title: The Effect of Co-Monomer Content on the Swelling/Shrinking and Mechanical Behaviour of Individually Adsorbed PNIPAM Microgel Particles
Creators: name: Burmistrova, Anna
name: Richter, Marcel
name: Eisele, Michael
name: Üzüm, Cagri
name: Klitzing, Regine von
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: The swelling/deswelling behaviour of microgel particles in the bulk and at the surface was studied and correlated to their mechanical properties. We focused on two kinds of particles: pure PNIPAM and PNIPAM-co-AAc particles. It was shown that the two step volume phase transition found for PNIPAM-co-AAc particles in the bulk disappears after the adsorption at the surface and only a one step transition was identified. The transition temperature increased strongly with increasing the co-monomer content. The dependence of the Young’s modulus of the adsorbed microgel particles on the temperature and the co-monomer content was discussed. The investigations were performed via DLS and SFM.
Strike-slip fault structure and fault-system evolution : a numerical study applying damage rheology
Creators: name: Finzi, Yaron
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In seismically active regions, faults nucleate, propagate, and form networks that evolve over time. Progressive strain localization and periodic fault pattern re-configuration induce the accumulation and healing of fault zone damage. The damage zones are characterized by distributed fractures, veins, and secondary faults, and may act as barriers for propagating earthquake ruptures, or as nucleation sites for earthquakes. They interact with seismic waves, promoting strong surface motions during earthquakes, and can focus fluid flow and enhance mineralization. In spite of their great scientific, social, and economic significance, interactions between these evolving damage zones and crustal deformation remain unresolved. Indeed, geodynamic models generally treat active faults as surfaces embedded in a medium with non-evolving material properties. For my dissertation projects, I have simulated fault system evolution over thousands of years, applying a rheological model which incorporates concepts of damage mechanics. This model accounts for crack nucleation, growth and concentration (i.e., material degradation), macroscopic failure, and material healing. My Simulations show that strike-slip faults form as segmented structures before evolving into contiguous, simpler structures. Flower structures rapidly form along fault segments (before a total offset of 0.05 km), and stepovers display extensive, permanent damage and ongoing seismicity throughout the seismogenic crust. My models also indicate that the “effectiveness” of material healing strongly affects the spatial extent of damage zones and long-term fault complexity. Effective healing promotes rapid evolution of segmented faults to a simpler through-going fault, and ineffective healing preserves fault complexities, resulting in long-lasting, distributed deformation. I also find that lateral contrasts in lithosphere viscosity structure (or effective plate thickness) attract evolving faults and cause damage and strain to concentrate on the “weaker” side. Realistic contrasts in crustal rigidity, however, have only a minor effect on the symmetry of damage, deformation, or the propagation of faults. In addition, lower crust and mantle viscosity contrasts induce the formation of broad shear zones with relatively high strain-rate in the “weaker” side of the interface. These results demonstrate that reasonable, lateral contrasts in viscosity (rather than extreme, unrealistic contrasts in elasticity) can explain GPS observations of highly asymmetric, interseismic deformation around strike-slip faults.
Structural systems biology approach delineate the functional implications of SNPs in exon junction complex interaction network
Creators: name: M., Datta Darshan V.
name: Sivaramakrishnan, Venketesh
name: Kumar, K. Arvind
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In eukaryotes, transcripts that carry premature termination codons (PTC) leading to truncated proteins are degraded by the Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) machinery. Missense and nonsense Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in proteins belonging to Exon junction complex (EJC) and up-frameshift protein (UPF) will compromise NMD leading to the accumulation of truncated proteins in various diseases. The EJC and UPF which are involved in NMD is a good model system to study the effect of SNPs at a system level. Despite the availability of crystal structures, computational tools, and data on mutational and deletion studies, with functional implications, an integrated effort to understand the impact of SNPs at the systems level is lacking. To study the functional consequences of missense SNPs, sequence-based techniques like SIFT and PolyPhen which classify SNPs as deleterious or non-deleterious and structure-based methods like FoldX which calculate the Delta Delta G, (ddGs, ∆∆G) are used. Using FoldX, the ddG for mutations with experimentally validated functional effects is calculated and compared with those calculated for SNPs in the same protein–protein interaction interface. Further, a model is conceived to explain the functional implications of SNPs based on the effects observed for known mutants. The results are visualized in a network format. The effects of nonsense mutations are discerned by comparing with deletion mutation studies and loss of interaction in the crystal structure. The present work not only integrates genomics, proteomics, and classical genetics with ‘Structural Biology’ but also helps to integrate it into a ‘systems-level functional network’. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
title: The COVID-19 Pandemic in Asia and Africa. Societal Implications, Narratives on Media, Political Issues. Volume II – society and institutions
Creators: name: Milanetti, Giorgio
name: Miranda, Marina
name: Morbiducci, Marina
Publisher: name: Sapienza Università Editrice
Year: 2023

description: The present publication has been conceived as a critical reflection, in different disciplinary fields, on the social, institutional, and cultural impact of the recent COVID-19 pandemic in Asia and Africa. The issues presented here were first discussed as part of a larger research project at two conferences, held in Rome in June and October 2022. After extensive revision, these results have now been collected as fully developed articles in the current two volumes: the first focuses on the cultural, artistic, and media-related facets of the pandemic; the second on its social and institutional implications.

This Volume II examines the effects of the health crisis on the socio-political landscape, addressing, among other themes, the responses of civil societies to the infection, the consequences of quarantines, the role of the pandemic in blurring the boundaries between democracy and authoritarianism. The articles cover a wide range of geographical regions, including Eastern Europe, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Indonesia, China, Singapore, and Japan.
An effective description of Laniakea: impact on cosmology and the local determination of the Hubble constant
Creators: name: Giani, L.
name: Howlett, C.
name: Said, K.
name: Davis, T.
name: Vagnozzi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an effective model to describe the bias induced on cosmological observables by Laniakea, the gravitational supercluster hosting the Milky Way, which was defined using peculiar velocity data from Cosmicflows-4 (CF4). The structure is well described by an ellipsoidal shape exhibiting triaxial expansion, reasonably approximated by a constant expansion rate along the principal axes. Our best fits suggest that the ellipsoid, after subtracting the background expansion, contracts along the two smaller axes and expands along the longest one, predicting an average expansion of $\sim -1.1 ~\rm{km}/\rm{s}/\rm{Mpc}$. The different expansion rates within the region, relative to the mean cosmological expansion, induce line-of-sight-dependent corrections in the computation of luminosity distances. We apply these corrections to two low-redshift datasets: the Pantheon+ catalog of type Ia Supernovae (SN~Ia), and 63 measurements of Surface Brightness Fluctuations (SBF) of early-type massive galaxies from the MASSIVE survey. We find corrections on the distances of order $\sim 2-3\%$, resulting in a shift in the inferred best-fit values of the Hubble constant $H_0$ of order $ΔH_0^{\rm{SN~Ia}}\approx 0.5 ~\rm{km}/\rm{s}/\rm{Mpc}$ and $ΔH_0^{\rm{SBF}}\approx 1.1 ~\rm{km}/\rm{s}/\rm{Mpc}$, seemingly worsening the Hubble tension.
description: Updated to match the published version. Eighteen pages + references, 13 figures, 1 appendix, title and abstract slightly changed. Comments are welcome!
Adiabatically compressed wave dark matter halo and intermediate-mass ratio inspirals
Creators: name: Kim, Hyungjin
name: Lenoci, Alessandro
name: Stomberg, Isak
name: Xue, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The adiabatic growth of a central massive black hole could compress the surrounding dark matter halo, leading to a steeper profile of the dark matter halo. This phenomenon is called adiabatic compression. We investigate the adiabatic compression of wave dark matter - a light bosonic dark matter candidate with its mass smaller than a few eV. Using the adiabatic theorem, we show that the adiabatic compression leads to a much denser wave dark matter halo similar to the particle dark matter halo in the semiclassical limit. The compressed wave halo differs from that of the particle halo near the center where the semiclassical approximation breaks down, and the central profile depends on dark matter and the central black hole mass as they determine whether the soliton and low angular momentum modes can survive over the astrophysical time scale without being absorbed by the black hole. Such a compressed profile has several astrophysical implications. As one example, we study the gravitational waves from the inspiral between a central intermediate-mass black hole and a compact solar-mass object within the wave dark matter halo. Due to the enhanced mass density, the compressed wave dark matter halo exerts stronger dynamical friction on the orbiting object, leading to the dephasing of the gravitational waves. The pattern of dephasing is distinctive from that of inspirals in the particle dark matter halo because of the difference in density profile and because of the relatively suppressed dynamical friction force, originating from the wave nature of dark matter. We investigate the prospects of future gravitational wave detectors, such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, and identify physics scenarios where the wave dark matter halo can be reconstructed from gravitational wave observations.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures,references added, Eq (31) corrected, conclusion unchanged
Offender Gambling Behavior and Risk during the Re-Entry Process
Creators: name: Williams, DJ
Publisher: name: Alberta Gaming Research Institute
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Prisoners -- Recreation
subject: Gambling and crime -- United States
subject: Prisoners -- Utah
subject: Prisoners -- Nevada
subject: Institute Funded Reports

description: This report provides quantitative information on offender gambling behavior according to the Visher and Travis’s (2003) stages of correctional process. A group of 64 male, mostly Caucasian, adult probationers and parolees at a Utah community correctional center (halfway house) voluntarily completed two brief questionnaires to assess their gambling behaviors. All participants had been incarcerated in jail or prison for at least six months prior to their current placement. The sample represented individuals who had been convicted of various crimes, including sexual offenses, substance abuse, violence, and property crimes (participants were not subdivided according to crime categories for this report).
Topological linear magnetoresistivity and thermoconductivity induced by noncentrosymmetric Berry curvature
Creators: name: Yang, Min-Xue
name: Li, Hai-Dong
name: Luo, Wei
name: Miao, Bingfeng
name: Chen, Wei
name: Xing, D. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Berry curvature plays a key role in the magnetic transport of topological materials. Yet, it is not clear whether the Berry curvature by itself can give rise to universal transport phenomena with specific scaling behaviors. In this work, based on the semiclassical Boltzmann formalism and the symmetry analysis, we show that the noncentrosymmetric distribution of the Berry curvature generally results in linear magnetoresistivity and thermoconductivity both exhibiting the B-scaling behavior. We then study such kind of topological linear magnetoresistivity in the 2D MnBi2Te4 flakes and the 3D spin-orbit-coupled electron gas, the former showing good agreement with the experimental observations. The difference between our mechanism and the conventional anisotropic magnetoresistance is elucidated. Our theory proposes a universal scenario for the topological linear magnetoresistivity and thermoconductivity and predicts such effects to occur in various materials, which also provides a reasonable explanation for the recent observations of linear magnetoresistivity.
Thermal one point functions, large $d$ and interior geometry of black holes
Creators: name: David, Justin R.
name: Kumar, Srijan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal one point functions of massive scalars in $AdS_{d+1}$ black holes. These are induced by coupling the scalar to either the Weyl tensor squared or the Gauss-Bonnet term. Grinberg and Maldacena argued that the one point functions sourced by the Weyl tensor exponentiate in the limit of large scalar masses and they contain information of the black hole geometry behind the horizon. We observe that the one point functions behave identically in this limit for either of the couplings mentioned earlier. We show that in an appropriate large $d$ limit, the one point function for the charged black hole in $AdS_{d+1}$ can be obtained exactly. These black holes in general contain an inner horizon. We show that the one point function exponentiates and contains the information of both the proper time between the outer horizon to the inner horizon as well as the proper length from the inner horizon to the singularity. We also show that Gauss-Bonnet coupling induced one point functions in $AdS_{d+1}$ black holes with hyperbolic horizons behave as anticipated by Grinberg-Maldacena. Finally, we study the one point functions in the background of rotating BTZ black holes induced by the cubic coupling of scalars.
description: 40 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, reference added, typos corrected
New2-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazineeylidene) derivatives: design, synthesis, in silico, and in vitro anticancer studies
Creators: name: Sajjan, Vinodkumar P.
name: Anigol, Lakkappa B.
name: Gurubasavaraj, Prabhuodeyara M.
name: Patil, Dhanashree
name: Patil, Parutagouda Shankaragouda
name: Gummagol, Neelamma B.
name: Quah, Ching Kheng
name: Wong, Qin Ai
name: Celik, Ismail
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A series of novel hydrazone compounds have been synthesized by the condensation of hydrazines and different substituted salicylaldehydes at a molar ratio of 1:1 in one step reaction and characterized by FT-IR, ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and single crystal x-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the compound shows a trans configuration around the C = N bond and triclinic system with P −1/-p 1. Synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxicity activities against A375 (melanoma), HT-29 (Colon), and A549 (lung) cancer cell lines. Among them, compound 2 exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against the A375 cell line (IC50 = 0.30 µM) and HT-29 cell line (1.68 µM), compared to those of apatinib as a reference standard drug (0.28, 1.49 µM, respectively). The cytocompatibility assay on the L929 normal cell line and the hemolysis assay on human RBC were used to validate the non-toxic action. From DFT calculation, the various parameters such as HOMO-LUMO energies, Hirshfeld, and MEP have been studied. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking with three receptors was studied. Among four compounds, compound 2 has the lowest binding energy against cyclin dependent kinase (ΔGb = −9.3 kcal/mol). In addition to this, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was also performed. Based on this study, these novel hydrazones can be considered a promising anticancer agent due to their potent cytotoxicity activities and computational analysis. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Transport Properties of Graphene Nanoroads in Boron-Nitride Sheets
Creators: name: Jung, Jeil
name: Qiao, Zhenhua
name: Niu, Qian
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the one-dimensional (1D) transport channels that appear in the gap when graphene nanoroads are embedded in boron-nitride (BN) sheets are more robust when they are inserted at AB/BA grain boundaries. Our conclusions are based on ab-initio electronic structure calculations for a variety of different crystal orientations and bonding arrangements at the BN/C interfaces. This property is related to the valley-Hall conductivity present in the BN band structure and to the topologically protected kink states that appear in continuum Dirac models with position dependent masses.
description: 15pages, 6 figures
Trends in Planetary Science research in the Puna and Atacama desert regions: under-representation of local scientific institutions?
Creators: name: Tavernier, Adrien
name: Pinto, Gabriel
name: Valenzuela, Millarca
name: Garcia, Ayon
name: Ulloa, Christopher
name: Oses, Romulo
name: Foing, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2019 while launching a multidisciplinary research project aimed at developing the Puna de Atacama region as a natural laboratory, investigators within the University of Atacama (Chile) conducted a bibliographic search identifying previously studied geographical points of the region and of potential interest for planetary science and astrobiology research. This preliminary work highlighted a significant absence in foreign publications consideration of local institutional involvement. In light of this, a follow-up study was carried out to confirm or refute these first impressions, by comparing the search in two bibliographic databases: Web of Science and Scopus. The results show that almost 60% of the publications based directly on data from the Puna, the Altiplano or the Atacama Desert with objectives related to planetary science or astrobiology do not include any local institutional partner (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru). Indeed, and beyond the ethical questioning of international collaborations, Latin-American planetary science deserve a strategic structuring, networking, as well as a road map at a national and continental scale, not only to enhance research, development and innovation but also to protect an exceptional natural heritage sampling extreme environmental niches on Earth. Examples of successful international collaborations such as the field of meteorites, terrestrial analogues and space exploration in Chile or astrobiology in Mexico are given as illustrations and possible directions to follow in order to develop planetary sciences in South America.
Alternative ecological and social proposals for preventing the global threat of emerging infectious diseases.
Creators: name: Besombes, Camille
Publisher: name: Visions for Sustainability
Year: 2020

description: Emerging infectious diseases are a major global health threat in the human, animal and plant worlds. Zoonoses and vector borne diseases are becoming prevalent worldwide. A large part of global health funding is dedicated to the fight against Dengue, Zika, or Ebola. Until now, public health strategies have been mainly based on vaccine development, medication testing or on proposals for “acceptable” cultural changes in local population practices to limit transmission risk, without thinking about the root causes. In this literature review, it will be argued that the current economic system, through its growth imperatives which ignore planetary limits, together with intensive agricultural practices, is related to infectious disease emergence. Monocultural practices, such as rubber/palm oil industrial plantations, through the ecological perturbation inflicted, act as a driver of vector borne and zoonotic diseases. Deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and human invasion of remote forested areas are followed by the emergence of zoonoses such as Ebola disease. Even if any emergence is always a multifactorial process, it is still fundamental to highlight the major influence of environmental drivers. The characteristics of specific ecological and social contexts within which emergence occurs should be explored. Alternative health and environmental paradigms could help impede the emergence of infectious diseases. A true “One health” approach which takes care of ecosystems and preserves the diversity of living things and of relationships corresponds to an “EcoHealth” approach. Ecological options and environmental solutions could produce a real innovation in public health. Stopping deforestation and ecosystem destruction and fostering peasant agroecology and free evolution for certain forested areas could slowly lead to rebalanced ecosystems. Furthermore, ecological actions would be less stigmatizing than promotion of cultural changes. An alternative public health program based on “health within a healthy environment” would be more effective than a secondary struggle against emerging diseases. This suggests introducing public health as a fundamental land use issue, inaugurating peasant agroecology, land use and conservation as fundamental public health issues, and developing coherent policies. Key words: emerging infectious diseases, EcoHealth, pathogenic environment, plantacionocene, ecological alternatives, Planetary Health, ecosystemic approach to public health
description: Visions for Sustainability, New Visions (2020)
Large eddy simulation of primary atomisation in prefilming airblast atomisers
Creators: name: Wetherell, Jack
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400199
subject: Aerospace engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400299
subject: Automotive engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Large eddy simulation of primary atomisation in prefilming airblast atomisers
Supplementary material - Suppression of laser speckle Contrast using negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal doped with an ionic medium
Creators: name: KUSHAWAHA, RISHIKESH
name: Sinha, Aloka
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Soft condensed matter

description: Supplementary material files for the manuscript 'Suppression of laser speckle Contrast using negative dielectric anisotropy liquid crystal doped with an ionic medium.'
The Fighter Problem: Optimal Allocation of a Discrete Commodity
Creators: name: Bartroff, Jay
name: Samuel-Cahn, Ester
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G40, 62L05

description: The Fighter problem with discrete ammunition is studied. An aircraft (fighter) equipped with $n$ anti-aircraft missiles is intercepted by enemy airplanes, the appearance of which follows a homogeneous Poisson process with known intensity. If $j$ of the $n$ missiles are spent at an encounter they destroy an enemy plane with probability $a(j)$, where $a(0) = 0 $ and $\{a(j)\}$ is a known, strictly increasing concave sequence, e.g., $a(j) = 1-q^j, \; \, 0 < q < 1$. If the enemy is not destroyed, the enemy shoots the fighter down with known probability $1-u$, where $0 \le u \le 1$. The goal of the fighter is to shoot down as many enemy airplanes as possible during a given time period $[0, T]$. Let $K (n, t)$ be the smallest optimal number of missiles to be used at a present encounter, when the fighter has flying time $t$ remaining and $n$ missiles remaining. Three seemingly obvious properties of $K(n, t)$ have been conjectured: [A] The closer to the destination, the more of the $n$ missiles one should use, [B] the more missiles one has, the more one should use, and [C] the more missiles one has, the more one should save for possible future encounters. We show that [C] holds for all $0 \le u \le 1$, that [A] and [B] hold for the "Invincible Fighter" ($u=1$), and that [A] holds but [B] fails for the "Frail Fighter" ($u=0$), the latter through a surprising counterexample.
A Nanocryotron Memory and Logic Family
Creators: name: Buzzi, Alessandro
name: Castellani, Matteo
name: Foster, Reed A.
name: Medeiros, Owen
name: Colangelo, Marco
name: Berggren, Karl K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of superconducting electronics based on nanocryotrons has been limited so far to few-device circuits, in part due to the lack of standard and robust logic cells. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate designs for a set of nanocryotron-based building blocks that can be configured and combined to implement memory and logic functions. The devices were fabricated by patterning a single superconducting layer of niobium nitride and measured in liquid helium on a wide range of operating points. The tests show $10^{-4}$ bit error rates with above $20\,\%$ margins up to $50\,$MHz and the possibility of operating under the effect of a perpendicular $36\,$mT magnetic field, with $30\,\%$ margins at $10\,$MHz. Additionally, we designed and measured an equivalent delay flip-flop made of two memory cells to show the possibility of combining multiple building blocks to make larger circuits. These blocks may constitute a solid foundation for the development of nanocryotron logic circuits and finite-state machines with potential applications in the integrated processing and control of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors.
description: Submitted for publication in the Applied Physics Letters special issue "Advances in Superconducting Logic", 8 pages, 5 figures
Direct and indirect excitons in semiconductor coupled quantum wells in an applied electric field
Creators: name: Sivalertporn, K.
name: Mouchliadis, L.
name: Ivanov, A. L.
name: Philp, R.
name: Muljarov, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An accurate calculation of the exciton ground and excited states in AlGaAs and InGaAs coupled quantum wells (CQWs) in an external electric field is presented. An efficient and straightforward algorithm of solving the Schrodinger equation in real space has been developed and exciton binding energies, oscillator strengths, lifetimes, and absorption spectra are calculated for applied electric fields up to 100 kV/cm. It is found that in symmetric 8-4-8 nm GaAs/Al(0.33)Ga(0.67)As CQW structure, the ground state of the system switches from direct to indirect exciton at approximately 5 kV/cm with dramatic changes of its binding energy and oscillator strength while the bright excited direct-exciton state remains almost unaffected. It is shown that the excitonic lifetime is dominated either by the radiative recombination or by tunneling processes at small/large values of the electric field, respectively. The calculated lifetime of the exciton ground state as a function of the bias voltage is in a quantitative agreement with low-temperature photoluminescence measurements. We have also made freely available a numerical code for calculation of the optical properties of direct and indirect excitons in CQWs in an electric field.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
title: Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Towards Single Cell Studies
Creators: name: Volodkin, Dmitry
name: Klitzing, Regine von
name: Moehwald, Helmuth
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: Single cell analysis (SCA) is nowadays recognized as one of the key tools for diagnostics and fundamental cell biology studies. The Layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte assembly is a rather new but powerful technique to produce multilayers. It allows to model the extracellular matrix in terms of its chemical and physical properties. Utilization of the multilayers for SCA may open new avenues in SCA because of the triple role of the multilayer film: (i) high capacity for various biomolecules; (ii) natural mimics of signal molecule diffusion to a cell and (iii) cell patterning opportunities. Besides, light-triggered release from multilayer films offers a way to deliver biomolecules with high spatio-temporal resolution. Here we review recent works showing strong potential to use multilayers for SCA and address accordingly the following issues: biomolecule loading, cell patterning, and light-triggered release.
Withanolides of Athenaea velutina with potential inhibitory properties against SARS coronavirus main protease (mpro): molecular modeling studies
Creators: name: Alves, Pabllo Abreu
name: Rocha, Késya Amanda Dantas
name: Bezerra, Lucas Lima
name: Ayala, Alejandro Pedro
name: de Kássio Vieira Monteiro, Norberto
name: Pessoa, Otília Deusdênia Loiola
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Since the global COVID-19 pandemic began, the scientific community has dedicated efforts to finding effective antiviral drugs to treat or minimize the effects caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Some targets can act as inhibitor substrates, highlighting the Main Protease (Mpro), which plays an essential role in the translation and transcription of the virus cycle. Withanolides, a class of natural C28 steroidal lactones, are compounds of interest as possible inhibitors of Mpro and other critical targets of the virus, such as papain-like protease. In this study, the isolation of a new withanolide (1), along with the known 27-deoxywithaferin A (2) and 27-deoxy-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A (3), from the leaves of Athenaea velutina (Solanaceae) is described. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic and spectrometric methods (NMR, IR, HRESIMS). Moreover, the interaction and the stability of withanolides 1–3 and withanolide D (4), previously isolated of Acnistus arborescens, against the Mpro target through molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and binding free energy simulations were analyzed. The molecular dynamics results indicated that the complexes formed by the molecular docking simulations between the Mpro target with each of the withanolides 1–4 exhibited good stability during the simulations due to a slight change in the structure of complexes. The binding free energy results suggested that withanolide (1) can be a natural candidate against COVID-19 disease. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma