cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Highly Magnified Gravitationally Lensed Red QSO at z = 2.5 with a Significant Flux Ratio Anomaly
Creators: name: Glikman, Eilat
name: Rusu, Cristian E.
name: Chen, Geoff C. -F.
name: Chan, James Hung-Hsu
name: Spingola, Cristiana
name: Stacey, Hannah
name: McKean, John
name: Berghea, Ciprian T.
name: Djorgovski, S. G.
name: Graham, Matthew J.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Urrutia, Tanya
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Secrest, Nathan J.
name: O'Meara, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a gravitationally lensed dust-reddened QSO at z = 2.517, identified in a survey for QSOs by infrared selection. Hubble Space Telescope imaging reveals a quadruply lensed system in a cusp configuration, with a maximum image separation of ~1.8\arcsec. We find that compared to the central image of the cusp, the neighboring brightest image is anomalous by a factor of ~ 7 - 10, which is the largest flux anomaly measured to date in a lensed QSO. Incorporating high-resolution Jansky Very Large Array radio imaging and sub-mm imaging with the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array, we conclude that a low-mass perturber is the most likely explanation for the anomaly. The optical through near-infrared spectrum reveals that the QSO is moderately reddened with E(B - V) = 0.7 - 0.9. We see an upturn in the ultraviolet spectrum due to ~ 1% of the intrinsic emission being leaked back into the line of sight, which suggests that the reddening is intrinsic and not due to the lens. The QSO may have an Eddington ratio as high as L/L_Edd ~ 0.2. Consistent with previous red QSO samples, this source exhibits outflows in its spectrum as well as morphological properties suggestive of it being in a merger-driven transitional phase. We find a host-galaxy stellar mass of log M_*/M_Sun = 11.4, which is higher than the local M_BH vs. M_* relation, but consistent with other high redshift QSOs. When de-magnified, this QSO is at the knee of the luminosity function, allowing for the detailed study of a more typical moderate-luminosity infrared-selected QSO at high redshift.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 29 pages, 18 figures, 8 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1807.05434
Traditional and innovative summer pruning techniques for vineyard management
Creators: name: Palliotti, A.
name: Poni, S.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: This review paper highlights physiological and vine performance effects of widely adopted summer pruning operations such as leaf removal, shoot trimming and positioning and cluster thinning. Leaf removal is addressed either under its traditional configuration, i.e. removing in dense canopies some or all leaves around clusters usually pre-veraison to improve fruit microclimate and facilitate spraying and early (pre-flowering) defoliation primarily aimed at inducing looser clusters via a concurrent reduction of fruit-set and berry size. Time consuming and still non mechanisable cluster thinning is evaluated primarily in terms of response variability vs. season and intensity with emphasis on lack of significant reduction of final yield per vine in thinned treatments when large crop compensation occurs. Variability of expected final grape composition improvements in thinned vines is also discussed based on the actual vine balance when the operation is performed. Although fully mechanisable, shoot trimming is still a debated choice in terms of timing and severity. While severe (i.e. fewer than six or seven main leaves retained) and late (i.e. several weeks after bloom) cuts should possibly be avoided, the effects of shoot trimming on final grape composition is discussed as a function of seasonal changes in leaf area development, demography, fraction of lateral leaves from the total and leaf to fruit ratio. It is indicated that, for vertically shoot-positioned trellises, if the support trellising is correctly designed and vine vigour is balanced, timing and severity of trimming are dictated by the vine “itself” rather than by grower choices. Overall, this review underscores the importance of leading the vineyard to a “natural” control of vegetative growth, which would minimise the need for an extensive use of summer pruning. In other words, such vineyard operations should be viewed not just as something the growers “have to do”, instead as specific tools used to achieve targeted final grape composition.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 25 No 3 (2011)
Opposing Regulation of the EGF Receptor: A Molecular Switch Controlling Cytomegalovirus Latency and Replication
Creators: name: Rak, Mike
name: Goodrum, Felicia
name: Reitsma, Justin
name: Zeltzer, Sebastian
name: Zagallo, Patricia
name: Buehler, Jason
name: Schroeder, Joyce
name: Petrucelli, Alex
name: Umashankar, Mahadevaiah
name: Terhune, Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Herpesviruses persist indefinitely in their host through complex and poorly defined interactions that mediate latent, chronic or productive states of infection. Human cytomegalovirus (CMV or HCMV), a ubiquitous β-herpesvirus, coordinates the expression of two viral genes, UL135 and UL138, which have opposing roles in regulating viral replication. UL135 promotes reactivation from latency and virus replication, in part, by overcoming replication-suppressive effects of UL138. The mechanism by which UL135 and UL138 oppose one another is not known. We identified viral and host proteins interacting with UL138 protein (pUL138) to begin to define the mechanisms by which pUL135 and pUL138 function. We show that pUL135 and pUL138 regulate the viral cycle by targeting that same receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is a major homeostatic regulator involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival, making it an ideal target for viral manipulation during infection. pUL135 promotes internalization and turnover of EGFR from the cell surface, whereas pUL138 preserves surface expression and activation of EGFR. We show that activated EGFR is sequestered within the infection-induced, juxtanuclear viral assembly compartment and is unresponsive to stress. Intriguingly, these findings suggest that CMV insulates active EGFR in the cell and that pUL135 and pUL138 function to fine-tune EGFR levels at the cell surface to allow the infected cell to respond to extracellular cues. Consistent with the role of pUL135 in promoting replication, inhibition of EGFR or the downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) favors reactivation from latency and replication. We propose a model whereby pUL135 and pUL138 together with EGFR comprise a molecular switch that regulates states of latency and replication in HCMV infection by regulating EGFR trafficking to fine tune EGFR signaling.
CONCERTO: Readout and control electronics
Creators: name: Bourrion, O.
name: Hoarau, C.
name: Bounmy, J.
name: Tourres, D.
name: Bouly, C. Vescovi J. -L.
name: Ponchant, N.
name: Beelen, A.
name: Calvo, M.
name: Catalano, A.
name: Goupy, J.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Macías-Pérez, J. -F.
name: Marpaud, J.
name: Monfardini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The CONCERTO spectral-imaging instrument was installed at the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) 12-meter telescope in April 2021. It has been designed to look at radiation emitted by ionised carbon atoms, [CII], and use the "intensity Mapping" technique to set the first constraints on the power spectrum of dusty star-forming galaxies. The instrument features two arrays of 2152 pixels constituted of Lumped Element Kinectic Inductance Detectors (LEKID) operated at cryogenic temperatures, cold optics and a fast Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). To readout and operate the instrument, a newly designed electronic system hosted in five microTCA crates and composed of twelve readout boards and two control boards was designed and commissioned. The architecture and the performances are presented in this paper.
Exploiting the geomagnetic distortion of the inclined atmospheric showers
Creators: name: Billoir, Pierre
name: Settimo, Mariangela
name: Blanco, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel approach for the determination of the nature of ultra-high energy cosmic rays by exploiting the geomagnetic deviation of muons in nearly horizontal showers. The distribution of the muons at ground level is well described by a simple parametrization providing a few shape parameters tightly correlated to $X^μ_\mathrm{max}$, the depth of maximal muon production, which is a mass indicator tightly correlated to the usual parameter $X_\mathrm{max}$, the depth of maximal development of the shower. We show that some constraints can be set on the predictions of hadronic models, especially by combining the geomagnetic distortion with standard measurement of the longitudinal profile. We discuss the precision needed to obtain significant results and we propose a schematic layout of a detector.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures
Real Evaluations Tractability using Continuous Goal-Directed Actions in Smart City Applications
Creators: name: Fernandez-Fernandez, Raul
name: Victores, Juan G.
name: Estevez, David
name: Balaguer, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most important challenges of Smart City Applications is to adapt the system to interact with non-expert users. Robot imitation frameworks aim to simplify and reduce times of robot programming by allowing users to program directly through demonstrations. In classical frameworks, actions are modeled using joint or Cartesian space trajectories. Other features, such as visual ones, are not always well represented with these pure geometrical approaches. Continuous Goal-Directed Actions (CGDA) is an alternative to these methods, as it encodes actions as changes of any feature that can be extracted from the environment. As a consequence of this, the robot joint trajectories for execution must be fully computed to comply with this feature-agnostic encoding. This is achieved using Evolutionary Algorithms (EA), which usually requires too many evaluations to perform this evolution step in the actual robot. Current strategies involve performing evaluations in a simulation, transferring the final joint trajectory to the actual robot. Smart City applications involve working in highly dynamic and complex environments, where having a precise model is not always achievable. Our goal is to study the tractability of performing these evaluations directly in a real-world scenario. Two different approaches to reduce the number of evaluations using EA, are proposed and compared. In the first approach, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based methods have been studied and compared within CGDA: naive PSO, Fitness Inheritance PSO (FI-PSO), and Adaptive Fuzzy Fitness Granulation with PSO (AFFG-PSO). The second approach studied the introduction of geometrical and velocity constraints within CGDA. The effects of both approaches were analyzed and compared in the wax and paint actions, two CGDA commonly studied use cases. Results from this paper depict an important reduction in the number of evaluations.
Summer pruning for maintaining slender spindle bush type of peach trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks
Creators: name: Mizutani, F.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: The slender spindle bush type system is commonly used for compact-sized trees, especially grafted on dwarfing rootstocks. It is difficult to apply this system to trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks by winter pruning. Such practices only cause the trees to repeat imbalanced vegetative-oriented growth every year. Therefore, in the current work summer pruning was applied to slender spindle bush type of early maturing peach trees grafted on vigorous rootstocks. Three trials were conducted: summer shoot thinning, shoot heading back trials in the field and a shoot heading back and shading trial in the pot experiment. Summer shoot thinning reduced tree growth and recovered proper balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. The following season such shoot thinning enhanced bud burst and initial growth of new shoots but the final tree growth was less in the summer-pruned trees compared with winter-pruned trees. The fruit matured earlier and soluble solids content was greater and titratable acidity was lower in the summer-pruned trees. The summer shoot heading back trial revealed that it regenerates shoots, although they bear fewer flower buds compared with winter-pruned trees. Such heading back is effective to keep alive shoots and buds near the trunk in slender spindle bush type systems. Summer shoot heading back and shading experiments in the pot showed that shading reduced the number of regenerated shoots and flower bud formation and delayed flower blooming in the following year. Thus summer shoot thinning and heading back are applicable to early maturing peach cultivars grafted on vigorous rootstocks to maintain the slender spindle bush type because thinning favors reducing tree vigor and light penetration near the trunk, and heading back keeps alive shoots and buds near the trunk which otherwise weaken or die back due to apical dominance and/or shading.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 25 No 3 (2011)
Straintronic spin-neuron
Creators: name: Biswas, Ayan K.
name: Atulasimha, Jayasimha
name: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In artificial neural networks, neurons are usually implemented with highly dissipative CMOS-based operational amplifiers. A more energy-efficient implementation is a 'spin-neuron' realized with a magneto-tunneling junction (MTJ) that is switched with a spin-polarized current (representing weighted sum of input currents) that either delivers a spin transfer torque or induces domain wall motion in the soft layer of the MTJ. Here, we propose and analyze a different type of spin-neuron in which the soft layer of the MTJ is switched with mechanical strain generated by a voltage (representing weighted sum of input voltages) and term it straintronic spin-neuron. It dissipates orders of magnitude less energy in threshold operations than the traditional current-driven spin neuron at 0 K temperature and may even be faster. We have also studied the room-temperature firing behaviors of both types of spin neurons and find that thermal noise degrades the performance of both types, but the current-driven type is degraded much more than the straintronic type if both are optimized for maximum energy-efficiency. On the other hand, if both are designed to have the same level of thermal degradation, then the current-driven version will dissipate orders of magnitude more energy than the straintronic version. Thus, the straintronic spin neuron is superior to current-driven spin neurons.
Absolute frequency measurement of the 87Sr optical lattice clock at NTSC using International Atomic Time
Creators: name: Lu, Xiaotong
name: Guo, Feng
name: Wang, Yebing
name: Xu, Qinfang
name: Zhou, Chihua
name: Xia, Jingjing
name: Wu, Wenjun
name: Chang, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the absolute frequency measurement of the 5s2 1S0-5s5p 3P0 transition in 87Sr optical lattice clock (Sr1) at National Time Service Center (NTSC). Its systematic frequency shifts are evaluated carefully with a total relative uncertainty of 5.1E10-17. The measured absolute frequency is 429 228 004 229 872.91(18) Hz with a relative uncertainty of 4.13E10-16, with reference to the ensemble of primary and secondary frequency standards published in the Circular T bulletin by BIPM through a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) link.
Multi-View Attention Transfer for Efficient Speech Enhancement
Creators: name: Shin, Wooseok
name: Park, Hyun Joon
name: Kim, Jin Sob
name: Lee, Byung Hoon
name: Han, Sung Won
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent deep learning models have achieved high performance in speech enhancement; however, it is still challenging to obtain a fast and low-complexity model without significant performance degradation. Previous knowledge distillation studies on speech enhancement could not solve this problem because their output distillation methods do not fit the speech enhancement task in some aspects. In this study, we propose multi-view attention transfer (MV-AT), a feature-based distillation, to obtain efficient speech enhancement models in the time domain. Based on the multi-view features extraction model, MV-AT transfers multi-view knowledge of the teacher network to the student network without additional parameters. The experimental results show that the proposed method consistently improved the performance of student models of various sizes on the Valentini and deep noise suppression (DNS) datasets. MANNER-S-8.1GF with our proposed method, a lightweight model for efficient deployment, achieved 15.4x and 4.71x fewer parameters and floating-point operations (FLOPs), respectively, compared to the baseline model with similar performance.
description: Proceedings of Interspeech 2022
Ferroelectric higher-order topological insulator in two dimensions
Creators: name: Mao, Ning
name: Li, Runhan
name: Zou, Xiaorong
name: Dai, Ying
name: Huang, Baibiao
name: Niu, Chengwang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between ferroelectricity and band topology can give rise to a wide range of both fundamental and applied research. Here, we map out the emergence of nontrivial corner states in two-dimensional ferroelectrics, and remarkably demonstrate that ferroelectricity and corner states are coupled together by crystallographic symmetry to realize the electric control of higher-order topology. Implemented by density functional theory, we identify a series of experimentally synthesized two-dimensional ferroelectrics, such as In$_2$Se$_3$, BN bilayers, and SnS, as realistic material candidates for the proposed ferroelectric higher-order topological insulators. Our work not only sheds new light on traditional ferroelectric materials but also opens an avenue to bridge the higher-order topology and ferroelectricity that provides a nonvolatile handle to manipulate the topology in next-generation electronic devices.
Dennstaedtia bipinnata Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.
Creators: name: Schwartsburd, Pedro B.
name: Navarrete, Hugo
name: Smith, Alan R.
name: Kessler, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Dennstaedtiaceae
Dennstaedtia
Dennstaedtia bipinnata

description: Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 51(8): 39. 1938.
 Range:— Florida; Greater Antilles; Mexico to Venezuela and Bolivia (BE, CO, LP, SC).
 Ecology:— Common; terrestrial in humid forests, on the forest floor, riverbanks, rarely in open habitats; 200–1500 m.
 Notes:— Tryon (1986), in a discussion of geographical variation, indicated that plants from different areas show variation in the size of the marginal teeth on pinnules. The dichotomous rhizomes and lack of petiolar buds are characteristic of both D. bipinnata and D. globulifera, but not found in other American species.
description: Published as part of Schwartsburd, Pedro B., Navarrete, Hugo, Smith, Alan R. & Kessler, Michael, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVI. Dennstaedtiaceae, pp. 251-268 in Phytotaxa 332 (3) on page 253, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/13723580
Defining the landscape of circular RNAs in neuroblastoma unveils a global suppressive function of MYCN
Creators: name: Fuchs, Steffen
name: Danßmann, Clara
name: Klironomos, Filippos
name: Winkler, Annika
name: Fallmann, Jörg
name: Kruetzfeldt, Louisa-Marie
name: Szymansky, Annabell
name: Naderi, Julian
name: Bernhart, Stephan H.
name: Grunewald, Laura
name: Helmsauer, Konstantin
name: Rodriguez-Fos, Elias
name: Kirchner, Marieluise
name: Mertins, Philipp
name: Astrahantseff, Kathy
name: Suenkel, Christin
name: Toedling, Joern
name: Meggetto, Fabienne
name: Remke, Marc
name: Stadler, Peter F.
name: Hundsdoerfer, Patrick
name: Deubzer, Hedwig E.
name: Künkele, Annette
name: Lang, Peter
name: Fuchs, Jörg
name: Henssen, Anton G.
name: Eggert, Angelika
name: Rajewsky, Nikolaus
name: Hertwig, Falk
name: Schulte, Johannes H.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: circular RNA
subject: neuroblastoma
subject: gene expression regulation
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a regulatory RNA class. While cancer-driving functions have been identified for single circRNAs, how they modulate gene expression in cancer is not well understood. We investigate circRNA expression in the pediatric malignancy, neuroblastoma, through deep whole-transcriptome sequencing in 104 primary neuroblastomas covering all risk groups. We demonstrate that MYCN amplification, which defines a subset of high-risk cases, causes globally suppressed circRNA biogenesis directly dependent on the DHX9 RNA helicase. We detect similar mechanisms in shaping circRNA expression in the pediatric cancer medulloblastoma implying a general MYCN effect. Comparisons to other cancers identify 25 circRNAs that are specifically upregulated in neuroblastoma, including circARID1A. Transcribed from the ARID1A tumor suppressor gene, circARID1A promotes cell growth and survival, mediated by direct interaction with the KHSRP RNA-binding protein. Our study highlights the importance of MYCN regulating circRNAs in cancer and identifies molecular mechanisms, which explain their contribution to neuroblastoma pathogenesis.
The boundary effect of anomaly-induced action
Creators: name: Shen, Che-Min
name: Izumi, Keisuke
name: Chen, Pisin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the boundary effect of anomaly-induced action in two-dimensional spacetime, which is ignored in previous studies. Anomaly-induced action, which gives the stress tensor with the same trace as the trace anomaly, can be represented in terms of local operators by introducing an auxiliary scalar field. Although the degrees of freedom of the auxiliary field can in principle describe the quantum states of the original field, the principal relation between them was unclear. We show here that, by considering the boundary effect, the solutions of classical auxiliary fields are naturally related to the quantum states of the original field. We demonstrate this conclusion via several examples such as the flat, black hole and the de Sitter spacetime.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Quantum gravitational signatures in next-generation gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Das, Saurya
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
name: Todorinov, Vasil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent study established a correspondence between the Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) and Modified theories of gravity, particularly Stelle gravity. We investigate the consequences of this correspondence for inflation and cosmological observables by evaluating the power spectrum of the scalar and tensor perturbations using two distinct methods. First, we employ PLANCK observations to determine the GUP parameter $γ_0$. Then, we use the value of $γ_0$ to investigate the implications of quantum gravity on the power spectrum of primordial gravitational waves and their possible detectability in the next-generation detectors, like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic explorer.
Temporal Dynamics of CD8+ T Cell Effector Responses during Primary HIV Infection
Creators: name: Routy, Jean-Pierre
name: McMichael, Andrew J.
name: Nitayaphan, Sorachai
name: Robb, Merlin L.
name: Eller, Leigh Anne
name: Eller, Michael A.
name: Makedonas, George
name: Kibuuka, Hannah
name: Maganga, Lucas
name: Betts, Michael R.
name: Buggert, Marcus
name: Bernard, Nicole F.
name: Demers, Korey R.
name: Rono, Kathleen
name: Haynes, Barton F.
name: Goonetilleke, Nilu
name: Slifka, Mark K.
name: Li, Chris K.
name: Ratcliffe, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The loss of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell cytolytic function is a primary factor underlying progressive HIV infection, but whether HIV-specific CD8+ T cells initially possess cytolytic effector capacity, and when and why this may be lost during infection, is unclear. Here, we assessed CD8+ T cell functional evolution from primary to chronic HIV infection. We observed a profound expansion of perforin+ CD8+ T cells immediately following HIV infection that quickly waned after acute viremia resolution. Selective expression of the effector-associated transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin in cytokine-producing HIV-specific CD8+ T cells differentiated HIV-specific from bulk memory CD8+ T cell effector expansion. As infection progressed expression of perforin was maintained in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells with high levels of T-bet, but not necessarily in the population of T-betLo HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that expand as infection progresses. Together, these data demonstrate that while HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in acute HIV infection initially possess cytolytic potential, progressive transcriptional dysregulation leads to the reduced CD8+ T cell perforin expression characteristic of chronic HIV infection.
Reverse phase transitions in binary neutron-star systems with exotic-matter cores
Creators: name: Ujevic, Maximiliano
name: Gieg, Henrique
name: Schianchi, Federico
name: Chaurasia, Swami Vivekanandji
name: Tews, Ingo
name: Dietrich, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-messenger observations of binary neutron star mergers provide a unique opportunity to constrain the dense-matter equation of state. Although it is known from quantum chromodynamics that hadronic matter will undergo a phase transition to exotic forms of matter, e.g., quark matter, the onset density of such a phase transition cannot be computed from first principles. Hence, it remains an open question if such phase transitions occur inside isolated neutron stars or during binary neutron star mergers, or if they appear at even higher densities that are not realized in the Cosmos. In this article, we perform numerical-relativity simulations of neutron-star mergers and investigate scenarios in which the onset density of such a phase transition is exceeded in at least one inspiralling binary component. Our simulations reveal that shortly before the merger it is possible that such stars undergo a "reverse phase transition", i.e., densities decrease and the quark core inside the star disappears leaving a purely hadronic star at merger. After the merger, when densities increase once more, the phase transition occurs again and leads, in the cases considered in this work, to a rapid formation of a black hole. We compute the gravitational-wave signal and the mass ejection for our simulations of such scenarios and find clear signatures that are related to the post-merger phase transition, e.g., smaller ejecta masses due to the softening of the equation of state through the quark core formation. Unfortunately, we do not find measurable imprints of the reverse phase transition.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Intensive plum orchard with summer training and pruning
Creators: name: Mika, A.
name: Buler, Z.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: An intensive plum orchard model was created for two types of fruit harvesting: by hand and with a self-propelled straddle harvester working in continuous motion. Six plum cultivars grafted on semi dwarfing rootstock ‘Prune Wangenheim’ (Prunus domestica) were planted at three densities (1000, 1250 and 1666 trees/ha). A new training system - central leader spindle - was applied. The leader was not headed after planting and summer training treatments were performed. From the third year onward renewal pruning was done after fruit harvesting. The new training and pruning system resulted in very rapid tree growth, much young wood, fruit bud formation on young wood and early bearing. Trees appeared to be suitable for hand and mechanical harvesting within four years from planting.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 25 No 3 (2011)
Next-to-leading-power kinematic corrections to DVCS: a scalar target
Creators: name: Braun, V. M.
name: Ji, Yao
name: Manashov, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the recent results on the contributions of descendants of the leading twist operators to the operator product expansion of two electromagnetic currents we derive explicit expressions for the kinematic finite-$t$ and target mass corrections to the DVCS helicity amplitudes to the $1/Q^4$ power accuracy. The cancellation of IR divergences for kinematic corrections is demonstrated to all powers in the leading order of perturbation theory. We also argue that target mass corrections in the coherent DVCS from nuclei are small and do not invalidate the factorization theorem.
description: 24 pages + appendices, 1 figure
SHARDS: A global view of the star formation activity at z~0.84 and z~1.23
Creators: name: Cava, Antonio
name: Pérez-González, Pablo G.
name: Eliche-Moral, M. Carmen
name: Ricciardelli, Elena
name: Vidal-García, Alba
name: Pampliega, Belen Alcalde
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Barro, Guillermo
name: Cardiel, Nicolas
name: Cenarro, A. Javier
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Daddi, Emanuele
name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, Miroslava
name: Sánchez, Helena Domínguez
name: Espino-Briones, Nestor
name: Esquej, Pilar
name: Gallego, Jesus
name: Hernán-Caballero, Antonio
name: Huertas-Company, Marc
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Muñoz-Tunon, Casiana
name: Rodriguez-Espinosa, Jose M.
name: Rodríguez-Muñoz, Lucia
name: Tresse, Laurence
name: Villar, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at intermediate redshifts (z~1). We combine the ultra-deep optical spectro-photometric data from the Survey for High-z Absorption Red and Dead Sources (SHARDS) with deep UV-to-FIR observations in the GOODS-N field. Exploiting two of the 25 SHARDS medium-band filters, F687W17 and F823W17, we select [OII] emission line galaxies at z~0.84 and z~1.23 and characterize their physical properties. Their rest-frame equivalent widths (EW$_{\mathrm{rf}}$([OII])), line fluxes, luminosities, star formation rates (SFRs) and dust attenuation properties are investigated. The evolution of the EW$_{\mathrm{rf}}$([OII]) closely follows the SFR density evolution of the universe, with a trend of EW$_{\mathrm{rf}}$([OII])$\propto$(1+z)$^3$ up to redshift z~1, followed by a possible flattening. The SF properties of the galaxies selected on the basis of their [OII] emission are compared with complementary samples of SFGs selected by their MIR and FIR emission, and also with a general mass-selected sample of galaxies at the same redshifts. We demonstrate observationally that the UVJ diagram (or, similarly, a cut in the specific SFR) is only partially able to distinguish the quiescent galaxies from the SFGs. The SFR-M$_*$ relation is investigated for the different samples, yelding a logarithmic slope ~1, in good agreement with previous results. The dust attenuations derived from different SFR indicators (UV(1600), UV(2800), [OII], IR) are compared and show clear trends with respect to both the stellar mass and total SFR, with more massive and highly star-forming galaxies being affected by stronger dust attenuation.
description: Replaced to match the accepted version (24 pages, 1 table, 17 figures). Published in ApJ, 812, 155 (2015): http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/812/155
Parallel sequencing of extrachromosomal circular DNAs and transcriptomes in single cancer cells
Creators: name: Chamorro González, Rocío
name: Conrad, Thomas
name: Stöber, Maja C.
name: Xu, Robin
name: Giurgiu, Mădălina
name: Rodriguez-Fos, Elias
name: Kasack, Katharina
name: Brückner, Lotte
name: Leen, Eric Van
name: Helmsauer, Konstantin
name: Dorado Garcia, Heathcliff
name: Stefanova, Maria E.
name: Hung, King L.
name: Bei, Yi
name: Schmelz, Karin
name: Lodrini, Marco
name: Mundlos, Stefan
name: Chang, Howard Y.
name: Deubzer, Hedwig E.
name: Sauer, Sascha
name: Eggert, Angelika
name: Schulte, Johannes H.
name: Schwarz, Roland F.
name: Haase, Kerstin
name: Koche, Richard P.
name: Henssen, Anton G.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: ecDNA
subject: oncogenes
subject: transcriptome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Extrachromosomal DNAs (ecDNAs) are common in cancer, but many questions about their origin, structural dynamics and impact on intratumor heterogeneity are still unresolved. Here we describe single-cell extrachromosomal circular DNA and transcriptome sequencing (scEC&T-seq), a method for parallel sequencing of circular DNAs and full-length mRNA from single cells. By applying scEC&T-seq to cancer cells, we describe intercellular differences in ecDNA content while investigating their structural heterogeneity and transcriptional impact. Oncogene-containing ecDNAs were clonally present in cancer cells and drove intercellular oncogene expression differences. In contrast, other small circular DNAs were exclusive to individual cells, indicating differences in their selection and propagation. Intercellular differences in ecDNA structure pointed to circular recombination as a mechanism of ecDNA evolution. These results demonstrate scEC&T-seq as an approach to systematically characterize both small and large circular DNA in cancer cells, which will facilitate the analysis of these DNA elements in cancer and beyond.
Constraining hierarchical mergers of binary black holes detectable with LIGO-Virgo
Creators: name: Li, Guo-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of the binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected by LIGO and Virgo could be explained by first-generation mergers formed from the collapse of stars, while others might come from second (or higher) generation mergers, namely hierarchical mergers, with at least one of the black holes (BHs) being the remnant of a previous merger. A primary condition for the occurrence of hierarchical mergers is that the remnant BHs can be retained by the host star cluster. We present a simple formula to estimate the hierarchical merger rate in star clusters. We find this latter to be proportional to the retention probability. Further, we show that $\sim 2\%$ of BBH mergers in nuclear star clusters (NSCs) may instead be of hierarchical mergers, while the percentage in globular clusters (GCs) is only a few tenths of a percent. However, the rates of hierarchical merger in GCs and NSCs are about the same, namely of $\sim {\mathcal O(10^{-2})}~{\rm Gpc^{-3}~yr^{-1}}$, because the total BBH merger rate in GCs is larger than that in NSCs. This suggests that if a gravitational-wave event detected by LIGO-Virgo is identified as a hierarchical merger, then it is equally likely that this merger originated from a GC or an NSC.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure and 1 table; Accepted for publication in A&A
Modelling activity-induced radial velocities through STELLA/WiFSIP simultaneous photometry
Creators: name: Castro-González, Amadeo
name: Lillo-Box, Jorge
name: Team, The KOBE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Exoplanets
Radial velocity
Photometry
CARMENES
WiFSIP
KOBE

description: The search for habitable worlds is a challenging process but key in our search for life beyond Earth. In this context, the KOBE experiment is aimed at searching for new worlds within the habitable zone of K-dwarf stars through the radial velocity method using the CARMENES instrument. When searching for low-amplitude radial velocity signals, as those produced by rocky worlds, stellar activity is one of the major contaminants. A widely-used procedure to overcome this is to use activity indicators from the spectroscopic data, simultaneously modelling the stellar activity and the radial velocity. However, our simulations show that the KOBE long cadence (~9 days) is not enough to properly do so. To overcome this, we are performing a high-cadence photometric monitoring of the KOBE sample stars over the duration of the CARMENES observations (until 2023A) through the robotic telescope STELLA/WiFSIP located in Tenerife. This way, we are able to obtain contemporary and time-resolved information about activity that allows us to use it as a proxy to account for activity in the radial velocity time series. In this contribution we show our modelling procedure, current results, and discuss the capabilities of the CARMENES-WiFSIP synergy in order to facilitate and improve planet detection and characterization.
A Platform-Free Proof of Federated Learning Consensus Mechanism for Sustainable Blockchains
Creators: name: Wang, Yuntao
name: Peng, Haixia
name: Su, Zhou
name: Luan, Tom H
name: Benslimane, Abderrahim
name: Wu, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proof of work (PoW), as the representative consensus protocol for blockchain, consumes enormous amounts of computation and energy to determine bookkeeping rights among miners but does not achieve any practical purposes. To address the drawback of PoW, we propose a novel energy-recycling consensus mechanism named platform-free proof of federated learning (PF-PoFL), which leverages the computing power originally wasted in solving hard but meaningless PoW puzzles to conduct practical federated learning (FL) tasks. Nevertheless, potential security threats and efficiency concerns may occur due to the untrusted environment and miners' self-interested features. In this paper, by devising a novel block structure, new transaction types, and credit-based incentives, PF-PoFL allows efficient artificial intelligence (AI) task outsourcing, federated mining, model evaluation, and reward distribution in a fully decentralized manner, while resisting spoofing and Sybil attacks. Besides, PF-PoFL equips with a user-level differential privacy mechanism for miners to prevent implicit privacy leakage in training FL models. Furthermore, by considering dynamic miner characteristics (e.g., training samples, non-IID degree, and network delay) under diverse FL tasks, a federation formation game-based mechanism is presented to distributively form the optimized disjoint miner partition structure with Nash-stable convergence. Extensive simulations validate the efficiency and effectiveness of PF-PoFL.
description: Accepted by IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Targeted profiling of human extrachromosomal DNA by CRISPR-CATCH
Creators: name: Hung, King L.
name: Luebeck, Jens
name: Dehkordi, Siavash R.
name: Colón, Caterina I.
name: Li, Rui
name: Wong, Ivy Tsz-Lo
name: Coruh, Ceyda
name: Dharanipragada, Prashanthi
name: Lomeli, Shirley H.
name: Weiser, Natasha E.
name: Moriceau, Gatien
name: Zhang, Xiao
name: Bailey, Chris
name: Houlahan, Kathleen E.
name: Yang, Wenting
name: González, Rocío Chamorro
name: Swanton, Charles
name: Curtis, Christina
name: Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam
name: Henssen, Anton G.
name: Law, Julie A.
name: Greenleaf, William J.
name: Lo, Roger S.
name: Mischel, Paul S.
name: Bafna, Vineet
name: Chang, Howard Y.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ecDNA
subject: oncogenes
subject: glioblastoma
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is a common mode of oncogene amplification but is challenging to analyze. Here, we adapt CRISPR-CATCH, in vitro CRISPR-Cas9 treatment and pulsed field gel electrophoresis of agarose-entrapped genomic DNA, previously developed for bacterial chromosome segments, to isolate megabase-sized human ecDNAs. We demonstrate strong enrichment of ecDNA molecules containing EGFR, FGFR2 and MYC from human cancer cells and NRAS ecDNA from human metastatic melanoma with acquired therapeutic resistance. Targeted enrichment of ecDNA versus chromosomal DNA enabled phasing of genetic variants, identified the presence of an EGFRvIII mutation exclusively on ecDNAs and supported an excision model of ecDNA genesis in a glioblastoma model. CRISPR-CATCH followed by nanopore sequencing enabled single-molecule ecDNA methylation profiling and revealed hypomethylation of the EGFR promoter on ecDNAs. We distinguished heterogeneous ecDNA species within the same sample by size and sequence with base-pair resolution and discovered functionally specialized ecDNAs that amplify select enhancers or oncogene-coding sequences.
Potential Vorticity of the South Polar Vortex of Venus
Creators: name: Garate-Lopez, I.
name: Hueso, R.
name: Sánchez-Lavega, A.
name: Muñoz, A. García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Venus' atmosphere shows highly variable warm vortices over both of the planet's poles. The nature of the mechanism behind their formation and properties is still unknown. Potential vorticity is a conserved quantity when advective processes dominate over friction and diabatic heating, and is a quantity frequently used to model balanced flows. As a step toward understanding the vortices' dynamics, we present maps of Ertel's potential vorticity (EPV) at Venus' south polar region. We analyze three configurations of the South Polar Vortex at the upper cloud level ($P\sim 240 mbar$; $z\sim 58 km$), based on our previous analyses of cloud motions and thermal structure from data acquired by the VIRTIS instrument onboard Venus Express. Additionally, we tentatively estimate EPV at the lower cloud level ($P\sim 2200 mbar$; $z\sim 43 km$), based on our previous wind measurements and on static stability data from Pioneer Venus and the VIRA model. Values of EPV are on the order of $10^{-6}$ and $10^{-8} K m^2 kg^{-1} s^{-1}$ at the upper and lower cloud levels, respectively, being 3 times larger than the estimated errors. The morphology observed in EPV maps is mainly determined by the structures of the vertical component of the relative vorticity. This is in contrast to the vortex's morphology observed in 3.8 or 5 $μm$ images which are related to the thermal structure of the atmosphere at the cloud top. Some of the EPV maps point to a weak ringed structure in the upper cloud while a more homogenous EPV field is found in the lower cloud.
Summer pruning of apple: impacts on disease management
Creators: name: Cooley, D.R.
name: Autio, W.R.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2013

description: Pruning, including summer pruning, of apples can have a positive impact on disease management in two basic ways: through removal of dead tissue and inoculum, and through alteration of the canopy microclimate. Summer pruning can also increase diseases if it is done when disease risk is high. However summer pruning is used almost exclusively as a horticultural tool to improve fruit quantity and quality. As orchard planting and training systems have moved from semi-dwarf trees to high-density, fully-dwarf trees, very few summer pruning studies have looked at impacts related to disease, yet summer pruning in high-density systems may have important disease management effects. Growers should avoid summer pruning practices which will increase disease risks, and use those that offer both horticultural and disease management benefits. More research in this area is needed, as cultural components of apple disease management will become increasingly important in sustainable production systems. This review looks at important apple diseases, including apple scab, fire blight, sooty blotch and flyspeck, black rot, white rot, Nectria canker and powdery mildew, and uses dormant pruning studies plus knowledge of the epidemiology of the diseases to suggest ways that summer pruning would be expected to impact disease management.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 25 No 3 (2011)
PRODIGE -- Envelope to Disk with NOEMA II. Small-scale temperature structure and a streamer feeding the SVS13A protobinary using CH3CN and DCN
Creators: name: Hsieh, T. -H.
name: Segura-Cox, D. M.
name: Pineda, J. E.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Bouscasse, L.
name: Neri, R.
name: Lopez-Sepulcre, A.
name: Valdivia-Mena, M. T.
name: Maureira, M. J.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Smirnov-Pinchukov, G. V.
name: Semenov, D.
name: Möller, Th.
name: Cunningham, N.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Marino, S.
name: Dutrey, A.
name: Tafalla, M.
name: Chapillon, E.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Zhao, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We present high sensitivity and high-spectral resolution NOEMA observations of the Class 0/I binary system SVS13A, composed of the low-mass protostars VLA4A and VLA4B with a separation of ~90 au. VLA4A is undergoing an accretion burst that enriches the chemistry of the surrounding gas. This gives us an excellent opportunity to probe the chemical and physical conditions as well as the accretion process. Methods. We observe the (12K-11K) lines of CH3CN and CH313CN, the DCN (3-2) line, and the C18O (2-1) line toward SVS13A using NOEMA. Results. We find complex line profiles at disk scales which cannot be explained by a single component or pure Keplerian motion. By adopting two velocity components to model the complex line profiles, we find that the temperatures and densities are significantly different between these two components. This suggests that the physical conditions of the emitting gas traced via CH3CN can change dramatically within the circumbinary disk. In addition, combining our observations of DCN (3-2) with previous ALMA high-angular-resolution observations, we find that the binary system (or VLA4A) might be fed by an infalling streamer from envelope scales (~700 au). If this is the case, this streamer contributes to the accretion of material onto the system with a rate of at least 1.4x10-6 Msun yr-1. Conclusions. We conclude that the CH3CN emission in SVS13A traces hot gas from a complex structure. This complexity might be affected by a streamer that is possibly infalling and funneling material into the central region.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures, accepted to A&A