cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Simple, Flexible Technique for RF Cavity Wake-Field Calculations
Creators: name: Vaughn, Brian J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is typical in the accelerator field to model machine components, especially RF cavities, as parallel RLC resonators. To properly model wake-fields, knowledge of the time-domain voltage resulting from beam excitation is often necessary. While analytical and quasi-analytical expressions are available to accomplish this for common bunch distributions such as the Gaussian, analogous results for less standard distributions can be difficult or computationally-taxing to obtain using direct methods, which opens the door for the development of a more generalized technique. In this paper, a formulation is created that allows for the simple computation of the time-domain voltage waveform of an RLC resonator. The formulation uses the Cauchy Residue Theorem to extract the convolution result from the Fourier Domain, and if current distribution Fourier Transform has no poles, knowledge of its value is only required at one specific evaluation point. This greatly simplifies the computation of the time domain voltage for a large amount of bunch distributions both common and uncommon. Accuracy considerations for this technique and the approximation of accelerator components as RLC resonators are also discussed, resulting the development of a figure of merit for quantifying the robustness of this type of approximation.
Emergent geometry in a gauge-invariant matrix quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Berean-Dutcher, Jonah
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Matrix quantum mechanics provides an example of spacetime emergence where the underlying system is non-geometric. Understanding the mechanism for this emergence, and the way in which entanglement between the quantum mechanical degrees of freedom relates to the emergent field theory, remains a key challenge in quantum gravity. Previous work has examined this relation in the context of a single matrix theory, and its emergent theory upon the noncommutative sphere. By using direct calculations of entanglement entropy of the matrix degrees of freedom, construction of the emergent fuzzy geometry is examined. This thesis attempts to extend this work to the case of a three matrix theory. The theory contains gauge-invariance, and a possible prescription is explored for restricting the full theory to the gauge-invariant configuration space. The implications for locality in the emergent theory, and thus potential for entanglement entropy definition, are evaluated and discussed.
Making Differential Privacy Work for Census Data Users
Creators: name: McCartan, Cory
name: Simko, Tyler
name: Imai, Kosuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The U.S. Census Bureau collects and publishes detailed demographic data about Americans which are heavily used by researchers and policymakers. The Bureau has recently adopted the framework of differential privacy in an effort to improve confidentiality of individual census responses. A key output of this privacy protection system is the Noisy Measurement File (NMF), which is produced by adding random noise to tabulated statistics. The NMF is critical to understanding any errors introduced in the data, and performing valid statistical inference on published census data. Unfortunately, the current release format of the NMF is difficult to access and work with. We describe the process we use to transform the NMF into a usable format, and provide recommendations to the Bureau for how to release future versions of the NMF. These changes are essential for ensuring transparency of privacy measures and reproducibility of scientific research built on census data.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Measurement of scintillation efficiency for nuclear recoils in liquid argon
Creators: name: Gastler, D.
name: Kearns, E.
name: Hime, A.
name: Stonehill, L. C.
name: Seibert, S.
name: Klein, J.
name: Lippincott, W. H.
name: McKinsey, D. N.
name: Nikkel, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scintillation light yield of liquid argon from nuclear recoils relative to electronic recoils has been measured as a function of recoil energy from 10 keVr up to 250 keVr. The scintillation efficiency, defined as the ratio of the nuclear recoil scintillation response to the electronic recoil response, is 0.25 \pm 0.01 + 0.01(correlated) above 20 keVr.
description: revision 2
Protocols for healing radiation-damaged single-photon detectors suitable for space environment
Creators: name: Krynski, Joanna
name: Sultana, Nigar
name: Lee, Youn Seok
name: Makarov, Vadim
name: Jennewein, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) are well-suited for satellite-based quantum communication because of their advantageous operating characteristics as well as their relatively straightforward and robust integration into satellite payloads. However, space-borne SPADs will encounter damage from space radiation, which usually manifests itself in the form of elevated dark counts. Methods for mitigating this radiation damage have been previously explored, such as thermal and optical (laser) annealing. Here we investigate in a lab, using a CubeSat payload, laser annealing protocols in terms of annealing laser power and annealing duration, for their possible later use in orbit. Four Si SPADs (Excelitas SLiK) irradiated to an equivalent of 10 years in low Earth orbit exhibit very high dark count rates (>300 kcps at -22 C operating temperature) and significant saturation effects. We show that annealing them with optical power between 1 and 2 W yields reduction in dark count rate by a factor of up to 48, as well as regaining SPAD sensitivity to a very faint optical signal (on the order of single photon) and alleviation of saturation effects. Our results suggest that an annealing duration as short as 10 seconds can reduce dark counts, which can be beneficial for power-limited small-satellite quantum communication missions. Overall, annealing power appears to be more critical than annealing duration and number of annealing exposures.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, work presented at IEEE Nuclear and Space Radiation Effects Conference 2022, accepted to IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. New version contains additional data regarding thermal behaviour, developed supporting arguments in Sec V, and additional references. All major results remain the same
Dressed Polyakov loop and flavor dependent phase transitions
Creators: name: Xu, Fukun
name: Mao, Hong
name: Mukherjee, Tamal K.
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The chiral condensate and dressed Polyakov loop at finite temperature and density have been investigated in the framework of Nf = 2+1 Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with two degenerate u, d quarks and one strange quark. In the case of explicit chiral symmetry breaking with physical quark masses, it is found that the phase transitions for light u, d quarks and s quark are sequentially happened, and the separation between the transition lines for different flavors becomes wider and wider with the increase of baryon density. For each flavor, the pseudo-critical temperatures for chiral condensate and dressed Polyakov loop differ in a narrow transition range in the lower baryon density region, and the two transitions coincide in the higher baryon density region.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures; Version accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Wronskian Solution for AdS/CFT Y-system
Creators: name: Gromov, Nikolay
name: Kazakov, Vladimir
name: Leurent, Sebastien
name: Tsuboi, Zengo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the discrete Hirota integrability we find the general solution of the full quantum Y-system for the spectrum of anomalous dimensions of operators in the planar AdS5/CFT4 correspondence in terms of Wronskian-like determinants parameterized by a finite number of Baxter's Q-functions. We consider it as a useful step towards the construction of a finite system of non-linear integral equations (FiNLIE) for the full spectrum. The explicit asymptotic form of all the Q-functions for the large size operators is presented. We establish the symmetries and the analyticity properties of the asymptotic Q-functions and discuss their possible generalization to any finite size operators.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures, 1 attached mathematica file
Bugs as Features (Part II): A Perspective on Enriching Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis Analyses
Creators: name: Bastiaanssen, Thomaz F. S.
name: Quinn, Thomas P.
name: Loughman, Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The microbiome-gut-brain-axis field is multidisciplinary, benefiting from the expertise of microbiology, ecology, psychiatry, computational biology, and epidemiology amongst other disciplines. As the field matures and moves beyond a basic demonstration of its relevance, it is critical that study design and analysis are robust and foster reproducibility.
 In this companion piece to Bugs as Features (part I), we present techniques from adjacent and disparate fields to enrich and inform the analysis of microbiome-gut-brain-axis data. Emerging techniques built specifically for the microbiome-gut-brain axis are also demonstrated. All of these methods are contextualised to inform several common challenges: how do we establish causality? How can we integrate data from multiple 'omics techniques? How might we account for the dynamicism of host-microbiome interactions?
 This perspective is offered to experienced and emerging microbiome scientists alike, to assist with these questions and others, at the study conception, design, analysis and interpretation stages of research.
description: For main text: 20 pages, 2 figures; for supplementary analysis: 31 pages and 6 figures. Supplementary analysis generated using Rmarkdown by Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.12475
On fast CP violating interactions in leptogenesis
Creators: name: Fong, Chee Sheng
name: Racker, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that when the relevant CP violating interactions in leptogenesis are fast, the different matter density asymmetries are determined at each instant by a balance condition between the amount of asymmetry being created and destroyed. This fact allows to understand in a simple way many features of leptogenesis in the strong washout regime. In particular, we find some non-trivial effects of flavour changing interactions that conserve lepton number, which are specially relevant in models for leptogenesis that rely heavily on flavour effects.
description: V2: To match published version in JCAP. Minor changes, including one figure, with respect to V1. 17 pages, 4 figures
Gene communities in co-expression networks across different tissues
Creators: name: Russell, Madison
name: Aqil, Alber
name: Saitou, Marie
name: Gokcumen, Omer
name: Masuda, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: With the recent availability of tissue-specific gene expression data, e.g., provided by the GTEx Consortium, there is interest in comparing gene co-expression patterns across tissues. One promising approach to this problem is to use a multilayer network analysis framework and perform multilayer community detection. Communities in gene co-expression networks reveal groups of genes similarly expressed across individuals, potentially involved in related biological processes responding to specific environmental stimuli or sharing common regulatory variations. We construct a multilayer network in which each of the four layers is an exocrine gland tissue-specific gene co-expression network. We develop methods for multilayer community detection with correlation matrix input and an appropriate null model. Our correlation matrix input method identifies five groups of genes that are similarly co-expressed in multiple tissues (a community that spans multiple layers, which we call a generalist community) and two groups of genes that are co-expressed in just one tissue (a community that lies primarily within just one layer, which we call a specialist community). We further found gene co-expression communities where the genes physically cluster across the genome significantly more than expected by chance (on chromosomes 1 and 11). This clustering hints at underlying regulatory elements determining similar expression patterns across individuals and cell types. We suggest that KRTAP3-1, KRTAP3-3, and KRTAP3-5 share regulatory elements in skin and pancreas. Furthermore, we find that CELA3A and CELA3B share associated expression quantitative trait loci in the pancreas. The results indicate that our multilayer community detection method for correlation matrix input extracts biologically interesting communities of genes.
Directed multicommodity flows : cut-sufficiency and forbidden relevant minors
Creators: name: Poremba, Joseph Chester
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: In a multicommodity flow problem, the goal is to route paths in a supply graph G to satisfy demands between vertices, represented by a demand graph H. This must be done simultaneously for all commodities, without exceeding edge capacities. To do this, there can be no cut where the requested demand exceeds the available capacity. This is called the cut condition. The Max-Flow Min-Cut Theorem states that for single-commodity flows, the cut condition guarantees that a feasible routing exists. This fails for general multicommodity flows. A supply-demand graph pair (G,H) is cut-sufficient if, for all capacity and demand weights, the cut condition implies feasibility. Many results are known for undirected cut-sufficiency. For instance, the cut-sufficient pairs with series-parallel supply graphs have a forbbiden-minor characterization. However, less is known about cut-sufficiency for directed multicommodity flows. We characterize cut-sufficiency for several classes of directed multicommodity flow problems. We consider pairs with roundtrip or two-path demands, where H is a 2-cycle and 2-path, respectively. We prove that the cut-sufficient pairs in these classes are characterized by one and two forbidden minors, respectively. We also consider pairs with two disjoint demands. For these, we give a forbidden-minor characterization of the pairs that are cut-sufficient for unit demands, and conjecture about their cut-sufficiency with arbitrary weights. Unlike the undirected case, for directed graphs the class of cut-sufficient pairs is not closed under taking minors. To solve this, we develop a theory of relevant minors, which restricts permitted contractions to restore the closure of cut-sufficiency. Our characterizations are in terms of forbidden relevant minors. As an application of our results, we show that recognizing cut-sufficiency is NP-hard for roundtrip demands. This contrasts with undirected two-commodity flows, for which supply-demand graph pairs are always cut-sufficient. We also provide a primal proof of the fact that any orientation of an undirected tree is cut-sufficient with any directed demand graph. This was previously known, but was proven via the dual method of metric embeddings. We prove trees are the only graphs with this property.
Exploring Adapter-based Transfer Learning for Recommender Systems: Empirical Studies and Practical Insights
Creators: name: Fu, Junchen
name: Yuan, Fajie
name: Song, Yu
name: Yuan, Zheng
name: Cheng, Mingyue
name: Cheng, Shenghui
name: Zhang, Jiaqi
name: Wang, Jie
name: Pan, Yunzhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adapters, a plug-in neural network module with some tunable parameters, have emerged as a parameter-efficient transfer learning technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks, especially for natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) fields. Meanwhile, learning recommendation models directly from raw item modality features -- e.g., texts of NLP and images of CV -- can enable effective and transferable recommender systems (called TransRec). In view of this, a natural question arises: can adapter-based learning techniques achieve parameter-efficient TransRec with good performance?
 To this end, we perform empirical studies to address several key sub-questions. First, we ask whether the adapter-based TransRec performs comparably to TransRec based on standard full-parameter fine-tuning? does it hold for recommendation with different item modalities, e.g., textual RS and visual RS. If yes, we benchmark these existing adapters, which have been shown to be effective in NLP and CV tasks, in item recommendation tasks. Third, we carefully study several key factors for the adapter-based TransRec in terms of where and how to insert these adapters? Finally, we look at the effects of adapter-based TransRec by either scaling up its source training data or scaling down its target training data. Our paper provides key insights and practical guidance on unified & transferable recommendation -- a less studied recommendation scenario. We release our codes and other materials at: https://github.com/westlake-repl/Adapter4Rec/.
description: Accepted by WSDM2024
In-situ scattering studies of superconducting vacancy-ordered monoclinic TiO thin films
Creators: name: Baksi, Merve
name: Hong, Hawoong
name: Kumah, Divine P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structural and transport properties of vacancy-ordered monoclinic superconducting $\mathrm{TiO}$ thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The evolution of the crystal structure during growth is monitored by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Long-range ordering of Ti and O vacancies in the disordered cubic phase stabilizes the vacancy-ordered monoclinic TiO phase. The reduced structural disorder arising from vacancy-ordering is correlated with a superconductor-metal transition (SMT) in contrast to the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) observed in cubic TiO, orthorhombic $Ti_2O_3$, and the Magneli $γ-Ti_3O_5$ and $γ-Ti_4O_7$ phase. Magnetoresistance measurements for the SIT phases indicate superconducting fluctuations persisting in the normal phase. These results confirm the role of disorder related to Ti and O vacancies and structural inhomogeneity in determining the electronic properties of the normal state of titanium oxide-based superconductors.
The Hidden Nematic Fluctuations in the Triclinic (Ca0.85La0.15)10(Pt3As8)(Fe2As2)5 Superconductor Revealed by Ultrafast Optical Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Wu, Qi-Yi
name: Zhang, Chen
name: Li, Ze-Zhong
name: Hong, Wen-Shan
name: Liu, Hao
name: Song, Jiao-Jiao
name: Zhao, Yin-Zou
name: Yuan, Ya-Hua
name: Chen, Bo
name: Ye, Xue-Qing
name: Li, Shiliang
name: He, Jun
name: Liu, H. Y.
name: Duan, Yu-Xia
name: Luo, Hui-Qian
name: Meng, Jian-Qiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reported the quasiparticle relaxation dynamics of an optimally doped triclinic iron-based superconductor (Ca$_{0.85}$La$_{0.15}$)$_{10}$(Pt$_3$As$_8$)(Fe$_2$As$_2$)$_5$ with bulk $T_c$ = 30 K using polarized ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy. Our results reveal anisotropic transient reflectivity induced by nematic fluctuations develops below $T_{nem}$ $\approx$ 120 K and persists in the superconducting states. Measurements under high pump fluence reveal three distinct, coherent phonon modes at frequencies of 1.6, 3.5, and 4.7 THz, corresponding to $A_{1g}(1)$, $E_g$, and $A_{1g}(2)$ modes, respectively. The high-frequency $A_{1g}(2)$ mode corresponds to the $c$-axis polarized vibrations of FeAs planes with a nominal electron-phonon coupling constant $λ_{A_{1g}(2)}$ $\approx$ 0.139 $\pm$ 0.02. Our findings suggest that the superconductivity and nematic state are compatible but competitive at low temperatures, and the $A_{1g}$ phonons play an important role in the formation of Cooper pairs in (Ca$_{0.85}$La$_{0.15}$)$_{10}$(Pt$_3$As$_8$)(Fe$_2$As$_2$)$_5$.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures and Supplemental Materials
Optimally swimming Stokesian robots
Creators: name: Alouges, François
name: DeSimone, Antonio
name: Heltai, Luca
name: Lefebvre, Aline
name: Merlet, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study self propelled stokesian robots composed of assemblies of balls, in dimensions 2 and 3, and prove that they are able to control their position and orientation. This is a result of controllability, and its proof relies on applying Chow's theorem in an analytic framework, similarly to what has been done in [3] for an axisymmetric system swimming along the axis of symmetry. However, we simplify drastically the analyticity result given in [3] and apply it to a situation where more complex swimmers move either in a plane or in three-dimensional space, hence experiencing also rotations. We then focus our attention on energetically optimal strokes, which we are able to compute numerically. Some examples of computed optimal strokes are discussed in detail.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures
Becoming “Red Children” : the literacy movement among Soviet Koreans in the Russian Far East, 1922-1937
Creators: name: Belokon, Olga
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: This thesis attempts to place Russian Far East (RFE) Korean literacy campaigns vis-à-vis others of the many nationalities of the USSR through an original synthesis of a great number of sources in English, Korean and Russian. In so doing, I wish to showcase the many facets of “Soviet Korean” likbez (or likvidatsiia bezgramotnosti; “liquidation of illiteracy”), from its gendered dynamics to the power of creating structures and so-called “Soviet spaces,” both physical and institutional. This thesis is primarily interested in the meanings that Soviet Korean literary campaigns had—and by extension in the issues of their conceptualization, creation and reception—as well as in those who perpetuated the campaign: the governments on state and local levels, teachers, and librarians. Through the application of historical analysis, I conclude that “Soviet Korean” likbez was not only concerned with the issues of functional literacy but also with “political literacy” and identity building.
Fast estimation of the look-elsewhere effect using Gaussian random fields
Creators: name: Qin, Juehang
name: Lang, Rafael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the use of Gaussian random fields to estimate the look-elsewhere effect correction. We show that Gaussian random fields can be used to model the null-hypothesis significance maps from a large set of statistical problems commonly encountered in physics, such as template matching and likelihood ratio tests. Some specific examples are searches for dark matter using pixel arrays, searches for astronomical transients, and searches for fast-radio bursts. Gaussian random fields can be sampled efficiently in the frequency domain, and the excursion probability can be fitted with these samples to extend any estimation of the look-elsewhere effect to lower $p$-values. We demonstrate this using two example template matching problems. Finally, we apply this to estimate the trial factor of a $4^3$ accelerometer array for the detection of dark matter tracks in the Windchime project. When a global significance of $3σ$ is required, the estimated trial factor for such an accelerometer array is $10^{14}$ for a one-second search, and $10^{22}$ for a one-year search.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 6: of Dynamic transcriptome profiling towards understanding the morphogenesis and development of diverse feather in domestic duck
Creators: name: Yang, Jing
name: Qu, Yanhua
name: Huang, Yuan
name: Lei, Fumin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S2. KEGG pathway functional enrichment analysis related with plumulaceous feather development of the DEGs of MP/EP, LP/MP and LP/EP. (DOCX 16 kb)
Healthy Context Paradox: Friendship, Victimization Intensity and Perceived Isolation as Potential Mechanisms
Creators: name: Lansu, Tessa
name: van den Berg, Yvonne
name: van der Ploeg, Rozemarijn
name: Stoltz, Sabine
name: de Castro, Bram
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: School Psychology
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Child Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: bullying
subject: children
subject: elementary school
subject: healthy context paradox
subject: internalizing
subject: victimization
subject: well-being

description: The term ‘healthy context paradox’ refers to victims’ poorer well-being when the overall level of victimization in the classroom is low compared to high (e.g. Salmivalli, 2018). However, the magnitude of the phenomenon and the mechanisms underlying it are not yet clear. Therefore, this study aims to replicate the healthy context paradox effect, and the role of anti-bullying interventions in it. It also extends previous research by empirically testing three potential mechanisms that may explain healthy context paradox effects, being: 1) victims’ friendship opportunities, 2) intensity of victimization, and 3) feelings of isolation. Data come from a nationwide study (n = 5661, 51% boys; 93.5% born in the Netherlands, Mage = 9.96 years) examining anti-bullying programs’ effectiveness in the Netherlands.
Dirac cones reshaped by interaction effects in suspended graphene
Creators: name: Elias, D. C.
name: Gorbachev, R. V.
name: Mayorov, A. S.
name: Morozov, S. V.
name: Zhukov, A. A.
name: Blake, P.
name: Ponomarenko, L. A.
name: Grigorieva, I. V.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Geim, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the cyclotron mass in graphene for carrier concentrations n varying over three orders of magnitude. In contrast to the single-particle picture, the real spectrum of graphene is profoundly nonlinear so that the Fermi velocity describing the spectral slope reaches ~3x10^6 m/s at n <10^10 cm^-2, three times the value commonly used for graphene. The observed changes are attributed to electron-electron interaction that renormalizes the Dirac spectrum because of weak screening. Our experiments also put an upper limit of ~0.1 meV on the possible gap in graphene.
Periodic polynomial regression analysis of urban driving characteristics
Creators: name: Kreicbergs, J.
name: Grislis, A.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: city driving
energy consumption
traffic flow
article

description: Urban driving characteristics with a focus on energy consumption have been tested in Riga on three main city streets with inflexible coordinated traffic lights control. The aim of this article is to investigate periodic polynomial regression analysis method to analyse car urban driving parameters’ change during weekday twenty-four hours to assess the influence of vehicle technologies on energy consumption in city driving, to map the energy demand on Riga city main street sections and to evaluate the traffic lights control on flow energetic characteristics. The tests have been done using GPS and OBD data loggers on a test car repetitively driven along a preplanned route at around-the-clock hours. A regression analysis using periodic polynomials was developed and applied to evaluate the traffic flow characteristics with a given time shift. It was concluded that using polynomial regression function, the polynomial order has to be at least seven although a visual conformation of good regression line to the measured data has to be checked especially with lower orders. To evaluate the traffic conditions at a given 20 minutes to one hour shift the application of regression function is limited for the periods with fast changing traffic flow, especially after the end of rush hours when the usability of regression line for the given data has to be checked individually for tested street sections.
Methoden und Werkzeuge zur Verbesserung des Zugriffs auf mathematisches Wissen in Digitalen Bibliotheken für Such-, Empfehlungs- und Assistenzsysteme
Creators: name: Gipp, Bela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Mathematical Information Retrieval
Mathematical Knowlege Management
Mathematical Digital Libraries
Mathematical Language Processing

description: Proposal for the DFG-funded research project 350192710: Methods and Tools to Advance the Retrieval of Mathematical Knowledge from Digital Libraries for Search-, Recommendation- and Assistance-Systems. Abstract: The goal of our project is to investigate fundamental methods and tools for making mathematical knowledge accessible to information retrieval tools. Achieving this goal requires methods to reliably extract mathematical knowledge from documents. In the domain of natural language processing (NLP), a number of well-established, general purpose text processing methods and tools exist that are applied to a text to enable domain specific extraction tasks. Similar to state-of-the-art text processing tools, such as the Stanford NLP toolkit, our research will determine how similar tools for processing mathematical language can be realized. Our approach is to expand upon the concept of Mathematical Language Processing (MLP), a concept for which we have already demonstrated its feasibility when we presented it at the ACM SIGIR 2016. In the context of this project, we will expand upon our preliminary research to make the approach more effective and applicable for real world mathematical information retrieval applications. Specifically, the project has the following objectives: Identify mathematical formulae and expressions in documents, and reliably differentiate them from similar or neighboring structures. Perform type detection and tokenization of mathematical expressions. Extract the corresponding mathematical concepts from the tokenized mathematical formulae and expressions. Our goal is to enable other scientists to use our methods and tools for mathematical language processing to tackle their own novel problems. We hope that MLP will continue to improve in this process, as was once the case for early NLP approaches. A wide variety of applications would benefit from advancements to mathematical information retrieval. In the STEM disciplines, improvements could be made to academic literature search, literature recommendation, and even plagiarism prevention. Additionally, expert search or applications in pure mathematics, such as theorem search or definition lookup, would significantly benefit from our developments. Applications beyond STEM fields include the improvement of tutoring assistance tools, as well as patent search and enterprise search, which could become more valuable to companies if they integrate math-aware information retrieval methods.
Decoherence in a quantum harmonic oscillator monitored by a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Brouard, S.
name: Alonso, D.
name: Sokolovski, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of a quantum oscillator, whose evolution is monitored by a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped in a symmetric double well potential. It is demonstrated that the oscillator may experience various degrees of decoherence depending on the variable being measured and the state in which the BEC is prepared. These range from a `coherent' regime in which only the variances of the oscillator position and momentum are affected by measurement, to a slow (power law) or rapid (Gaussian) decoherence of the mean values themselves.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, letter
Enhancement of quantum gravity signal in an optomechanical experiment
Creators: name: Kaku, Youka
name: Fujita, Tomohiro
name: Matsumura, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: No experimental evidence of the quantum nature of gravity has been observed yet and a realistic setup with improved sensitivity is eagerly awaited. We find two effects, which can substantially enhance the signal of gravity-induced quantum entanglement, by examining an optomechanical system in which two oscillators gravitationally couple and one composes an optical cavity. The first effect comes from a higher-order term of the optomechanical interaction and generates the signal at the first order of the gravitational coupling in contrast to the second order results in previous works. The second effect is the resonance between the two oscillators. If their frequencies are close enough, the weak gravitational coupling effectively strengthens. Combining these two effects, the signal in the interference visibility could be amplified by a factor of $10^{24}$ for our optimistic parameters. The two effects would be useful in seeking feasible experimental setups to probe quantum gravity signals.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, accepted version in PRD
Evaluating the effects of application modes and soil types on the herbicide efficacy and crop yield of pendimethalin and clomazone on transplanted pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Creators: name: Glatkova, G.
name: Pacanoski, Z.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: pepper
weeds
herbicides
pretransplant
pretransplant incorporated
soil type
effectiveness
injury
article

description: Field experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in two locations Kochani and Drachevo in Republic of Macedonia to evaluate the efficacy and crop safety of pendimethalin and clomazone on transplanted pepper according to mode of application, (pretransplant -PRE-T and pretransplant incorporated -PTI) and soil types (alluvial soil and vertisol). The weed population in both years and locations mainly consisted annual spring and summer grasses and broadleaf weeds. Weed competition significantly reduced pepper yield. There was no recorded difference between the efficacy of pendimethalin PRE-T and pendimethalin PTI. However, the efficacy of clomazone PTI was higher than that of clomazone PRE-T in both experimental years and locations, indicating incorporation into soil if critical for clamazone. Both pendimethalin and clomazone had low efficacy on Solanum nigrum L. Pepper plants were not visibly injured by any herbicides treatments. In summary, locations and soil types did not affect herbicide efficacy and pepper selectivity. Pepper yield was markedly affected by herbicide efficacy in both years and locations.
The effect of minituber weight on their field performance under a Northern European environment
Creators: name: Dimante, I.
name: Mežaka, I.
name: Gaile, Z.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2019
Subjects: multiplication rate
seed potato
tuber yield
tuber size distribution
article

description: Weight of potato minitubers as well cultivar affects field performance of minitubers. The aim of this study was to compare minitubers of four weight classes (MtC) (3 to 4.99 g, 5 to 9.99 g, 10 to 19.99 g, and > 20 g) with respect to their field performance. Three year experiments were conducted at AREI, Latvia (57°19′ N, 25°20′ E) between 2014 and 2016. Cultivars ‘Monta’, ‘Prelma’ and ‘Mandaga’ were used. A significant relationship between the number of stems and the number of progeny tubers per plant was detected and the number of stems explained 74% of variation in progeny tuber number. Multiplication rate, expressed as the number of progeny tubers > 25 mm per planted minituber, was in range from 4.2 to 13.1 tubers and was significantly affected by the cultivar and MtC. Cultivar and MtC had significant effect on the number of tubers and tuber yield per m2 . The number of progeny tubers and yield increased with increases for MtC. The highest number of progeny tubers (size > 25 mm) per m2 were obtained from minitubers > 20 g of ‘Prelma’ (93.4), but the highest yield was from minitubers > 20 g of ‘Mandaga’ (4.92 kg m-2 ). The effect of MtC was more pronounced on number of tubers than on tuber yield. Cultivar and MtC determined mean size (diameter (μ)) of progeny tubers. Mean size increased as MtC decreased. MtC had a significant effect on standard deviation (σ) only for ‘Prelma’. When σ was recalculated to coefficient of variation (CV), no significant effect of MtC remained.
Competition Between Rail and Truck in Intercity Freight Transportation
Creators: name: Woods, Douglas W.
name: Domencich, Thomas A.
name: Woods, Douglas W.
name: Domencich, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 12th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 18-20, 1971, Philadelphia, PA
An upper bound on the mean value of the Erdős-Hooley Delta function
Creators: name: Koukoulopoulos, Dimitris
name: Tao, Terence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 11N25, Secondary: 11N37, 11N64

description: The Erdős-Hooley Delta function is defined for $n\in\mathbb{N}$ as $Δ(n)=\sup_{u\in\mathbb{R}} \#\{d|n : e^u
description: 18 pages. Some minor changes. This is the final version that will apper in Proc. London Math. Soc
A Loop Space Formulation for Geometric Lifting Problems
Creators: name: Waldorf, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C08, 53C27

description: We review and then combine two aspects of the theory of bundle gerbes. The first concerns lifting bundle gerbes and connections on those, developed by Murray and Gomi. Lifting gerbes represent obstructions against extending the structure group of a principal bundle. The second is the transgression of gerbes to loop spaces, initiated by Brylinski and McLaughlin and with recent contributions of the author. Combining these two aspects, we obtain a new formulation of lifting problems in terms of geometry on the loop space. Most prominently, our formulation explains the relation between (complex) spin structures on a Riemannian manifold and orientations of its loop space.
description: 19 pages. v2 is the published version and comes with a few minor changes. v3 corrects a sign mistake in Lemma 3.6, forcing a change of sign in the main theorem
Delay-rate tradeoff in ergodic interference alignment
Creators: name: Johnson, Oliver
name: Aldridge, Matthew
name: Piechocki, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Ergodic interference alignment, as introduced by Nazer et al (NGJV), is a technique that allows high-rate communication in n-user interference networks with fast fading. It works by splitting communication across a pair of fading matrices. However, it comes with the overhead of a long time delay until matchable matrices occur: the delay is q^n^2 for field size q. In this paper, we outline two new families of schemes, called JAP and JAP-B, that reduce the expected delay, sometimes at the cost of a reduction in rate from the NGJV scheme. In particular, we give examples of good schemes for networks with few users, and show that in large n-user networks, the delay scales like q^T, where T is quadratic in n for a constant per-user rate and T is constant for a constant sum-rate. We also show that half the single-user rate can be achieved while reducing NGJV's delay from q^n^2 to q^(n-1)(n-2). This extended version includes complete proofs and more details of good schemes for small n.
description: Extended version of a paper presented at the 2012 International Symposium on Information Theory. 7 pages, 1 figure
Automated Grading and Feedback Tools for Programming Education: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Messer, Marcus
name: Brown, Neil C. C.
name: Kölling, Michael
name: Shi, Miaojing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We conducted a systematic literature review on automated grading and feedback tools for programming education.
 We analysed 121 research papers from 2017 to 2021 inclusive and categorised them based on skills assessed, approach, language paradigm, degree of automation and evaluation techniques.
 Most papers assess the correctness of assignments in object-oriented languages.
 Typically, these tools use a dynamic technique, primarily unit testing, to provide grades and feedback to the students or static analysis techniques to compare a submission with a reference solution or with a set of correct student submissions.
 However, these techniques' feedback is often limited to whether the unit tests have passed or failed, the expected and actual output, or how they differ from the reference solution.
 Furthermore, few tools assess the maintainability, readability or documentation of the source code, with most using static analysis techniques, such as code quality metrics, in conjunction with grading correctness.
 Additionally, we found that most tools offered fully automated assessment to allow for near-instantaneous feedback and multiple resubmissions, which can increase student satisfaction and provide them with more opportunities to succeed.
 In terms of techniques used to evaluate the tools' performance, most papers primarily use student surveys or compare the automatic assessment tools to grades or feedback provided by human graders.
 However, because the evaluation dataset is frequently unavailable, it is more difficult to reproduce results and compare tools to a collection of common assignments.
description: Accepted version of the manuscript
Non-zero θ_13 in models for hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum
Creators: name: Araki, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce three right-handed Majorana neutrinos and combine the type-I seesaw and inert doublet mechanisms. The resultant (active) neutrino mass matrix is divided into rank=1 and =2 parts with different energy scales. The different energy scales are reduce to different mass scales in the hierarchical neutrino mass spectrum. We apply this scheme to both the inverted and normal hierarchy cases and find a correlation between the smallest mixing angle (θ_13) and the lightest neutrino mass.
description: v1:13 pages; v2:typos corrected, references added, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
Nonassociative Gravity in String Theory?
Creators: name: Blumenhagen, Ralph
name: Plauschinn, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an on-shell conformal field theory approach, we find indications of a three-bracket structure for target space coordinates in general closed string backgrounds. This generalizes the appearance of noncommutative gauge theories for open strings in two-form backgrounds to a putative noncommutative/nonassociative gravity theory for closed strings probing curved backgrounds with non-vanishing three-form flux. Several aspects and consequences of the three-bracket structure are discussed and a new type of generalized uncertainty principle is proposed.
description: v2: references added, discussion in section 5 extended; v3: published version, minor technical mistake corrected (discussion & conclusions unchanged)
Community Values in Transport Project Planning
Creators: name: Manheim, Marvin L.
name: Suhrbier, John H.
name: Manheim, Marvin L.
name: Suhrbier, John H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Presented at the 12th Transportation Research Forum meeting, Oct. 18-20, 1971, Philadelphia, PA
DFN analysis to quantify the reliability of borehole derived volumetric intensity
Creators: name: Ojeda Selame, Pedro Pablo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2022

description: Volumetric fracture intensity (P₃₂) is a parameter that plays a major role in the mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of rock masses. Although it is not possible to measure P₃₂ directly using current technologies, P₃₂ can be estimated from borehole and surface data using either simulation or analytical solutions. In this thesis we use Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models to addresses the problem of estimating P₃₂ using information from boreholes (1D data), and we also investigate the problem of quantify the uncertainty range of the calculated P₃₂. Based on the comparison between actual P₃₂ and the intensity sampled using synthetic boreholes, we propose a new methodology to estimate P₃₂ variability from linear intensity. This methodology can be useful to quantify and understand the expected variability of P₃₂ values of a project when linear intensity is the only information available. It is common practice, when calculating P₃₂ based on Terzaghi Weight (1965), to use drill run lengths, and limit the minimum angle between the borehole and the intersected fractures. The analysis presented in this thesis indicated that limiting the minimum angle of intersection would result in an underestimation of the calculated P₃₂. Additionally, the size of the interval has a great impact on the variability of the calculated P₃₂. To account for that we propose a methodology to calculate P₃₂ using variable lengths, depending on the angle between the fractures and the borehole. This methodology allows to capture the spatial variation in intensity and at the same time it avoids the artificial increasing or decreasing of the intensity sampled along borehole intervals. This can be useful when the interval intensity is used as input for interpolating P₃₂ values in block models. Finally, the research has addressed another fundamental issue, that is the impact of boundary effects in DFN models. The results confirmed that DFN models do present boundary effects with respect to the modelled fracture intensity and that these boundary effects are dependent on the size of the generation box in relation to the volume of interest and the size of the fractures.