Mischogyne Exell 1932
Creators: name: Gosline, George
name: Marshall, Andrew R.
name: Larridon, Isabel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliales
Annonaceae
Mischogyne

description: <b>Mischogyne</b> <i>Exell</i> (1932); R. E. Fries (1959); Paiva (1966); Le Thomas (1969). Type species: <i>Mischogyne michelioides</i> Exell <i>Trees</i> or <i>shrubs</i>. <i>Trunk</i> straight, sometimes fluted, cylindrical, or shrubs branching from the base (<i>M. michelioides</i>). Very young leaf buds, leaves, and twigs with a soft brown indumentum of appressed hairs, quickly glabrous or glabrescent. <i>Taeigs</i> striate, light grey to dark grey to brown. <i>Petioles</i> terete, deeply grooved adaxially, glabrous to densely pubescent. <i>Leaoes</i> simple, entire, alternate, petiolate and exstipulate, lamina narrowly elliptic to obovate, chartaceous to coriaceous, often slightly bullate, glabrous to pubescent; dark glossy green above, lighter green below, drying olive green concolorous or paler below; midrib impressed on the upper side, raised on the lower side, glabrescent; secondary venation brochidodromous, prominent above and below; tertiary venation markedly reticulate on both surfaces of the lamina with reticulation net cells 0.6 – 1.8 mm wide. <i>Inflorescence</i> extra-axillary or terminal (<i>M. michelioides</i>) on young branches, single flowered (occasionally two flowers in <i>M. gabonensis</i>). <i>Bracts</i> generally reduced to a tuft of hairs or early caducous. <i>Floaeers</i> bisexual. Sepals 3, reduplicate-valvate, free, enclosing the receptacle until anthesis (Fig. 2A – C), or united in a thin mem br a nou s c ap su le ru pt ur i ng at a nt h esi s (<i>M. gabonensis</i>, Fig. 2D). <i>Petals</i> 6, in two alternating whorls of three each, white, free, subequal, elliptic to ovate, pubescent, reflexing at anthesis except <i>M. michelioides</i> where the petals spread from the base. <i>Receptacle</i> extended as a torus, conical, cylindrical, or elongate in a thin flexible column, with stamens attached to the lower portion and carpels attached at the apex. <i>Stamens</i> numerous, spirally arranged, linear, latrorse, basifixed, appressed at least in lower part against the torus; filament minimal or absent; connective and thecae nearly the length of the anther; connective pubescent or glabrous, without expanded terminal extension, connective apex glabrous or terminated by a tuft of hairs. Sepals, petals and stamens dropping at end of anthesis, leaving the receptacle and carpels exposed. <i>Carpels</i> 3 – 12 (to 40 in <i>M. michelioides</i>), cylindrical to ovoid, densely pubescent; style short or absent, stigma bilobed, ovules numerous, lateral, biseriate, placentation parietal. <i>Fruits</i> monocarps 1 – 3, ellipsoid, oblong to globose, pubescent to glabrous, smooth or with slight longitudinal ribs, constricted or not around the seeds, shortly stipitate, apiculate. <i>Seeds</i> 3 – 12 per monocarp, flattened to transversely ellipsoid, raphe raised to flat, ruminate with 15 – 20 membranous semicircular invaginations. <b>P O L L E N</b>. P o l l e n i n t e t r a d s. E x i n e r e d u c e d, inaperturate, globose, tectum reticulate-perforate. (Doyle &amp; Le Thomas 2012) Only <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i> (Walker 1972) and <i>Mischogyne congolana</i> (Le Thomas 1980) have been examined. Doyle &amp; Le Thomas (2012) give an overview of pollen in the Annonaceae, and show that <i>Mischogyne</i> pollen characters are largely congruent with other genera of Monodoreae. Le Thomas (1980) uses <i>Mischogyne gabonensis</i> as an example of “mixed structure of the infratectile layer”, differing slightly from other genera in the clade which have a “columellar structure”. Couvreur <i>et al.</i> (2008c) provide a survey of pollen in the other genera of the clade. <b>ECOLOGY</b>. Evergreen or semideciduous equatorial or gallery forest, with 1000 – 4000 mm precipitation per annum (ppa); except <i>Mischogyne michelioides</i>: rivers, sandy areas, or among rocks at altitude 600 – 1000 m and 650 – 1000 mm rainfall ppa. <b>POLLINATION</b>. No studies have been done. Saunders (2012) observed that the lack of a pollination chamber is “typical of small-beetle pollination”. <b>DISPERSAL</b>. No scientific observations are known. Dispersal of <i>Mischogyne congensis</i> by snakes cannot be ruled out. “ Les indigènes prétendent que les serpents mangeant beaucoup le fruit de cet arbuste.” (<i>Gilbert, G.C.</i> 2321bis). <b>USES</b>. <i>Mischogyne congensis</i> is used against snake bites (<i>Gilbert</i> 2321bis); <i>M. michelioides</i> for treatment of swollen legs (<i>Damann</i> 2557) and against madness (<i>Santos</i> 252). <i>Mischogyne elliotiana</i> var. <i>sericea</i> is used to clean hats and other cloth (<i>Deighton</i> 510). <b>ETYMOLOGY</b>. <b>μίσχο&amp;sigmav;</b> = stalk (Greek) + gyne for the elongate gynoecium of <i>Mischogyne michelioides</i>, the type species. Key to the species of <i>Mischogyne</i> 1a Torus&gt; 10 mm long, elongate flexible, leaves deciduous (Angola)................. <b>5. M. michelioides</b> 1b Torus &lt;7 mm long, cylindrical or connate, leaves evergreen.................................. <b>2</b> 2a Calyx with sepals united, opening by rupturing (Fig. 2D); (Coastal forests Cameroon, Bioko, Gabon)... <b>3. M. gabonensis</b> 2b Calyx of 3 free reduplicate sepals, opening by separation at valvate sepal margins (Fig. 2A, B, C)....... <b>3</b> 3a Tree to 20m tall, leaves 16 – 32 cm long (Usambara Mountains, Tanzania)................ <b>4. M. iddii</b> 3b Shrub or small tree 3 – 10 m tall, leaves 8 – 20 cm long (West and Central Africa)................. <b>4</b> 4a Leaves with a wax gloss above and below, secondary nerves ascending at 10° – 30° angle to midrib, to 10 – 20% of the leaf length before anastomosing; stigma sessile; older petioles glabrous (mid-Congo riverine)............................................................ <b>1. M. congensis</b> 4b Leaves matte below, secondary nerves ascending at 30° – 45° angle to midrib, to 25 – 30% of the leaf length before anastomosing; stigma on short style; all petioles with indumentum (West Africa).............. <b>5</b> 5a Young leaves glabrous; secondary nerves 6 – 9; acumen 8 – 15% of the leaf length... <b>2a. M. elliotiana var. <b>elliotiana</b> .</b> 5b Underside of young leaves with straight white hairs 0.8 – 1.2 mm long, secondary nerves 9 – 12; acumen 20 – 25% of the leaf length.......................................... <b>2b. M. elliotiana var. <b>sericea</b> </b>
description: Published as part of <i>Gosline, George, Marshall, Andrew R. &amp; Larridon, Isabel, 2019, Revision and new species of the African genus Mischogyne (Annonaceae), pp. 1-23 in Kew Bulletin 74 (28)</i> on pages 7-8, DOI: 10.1007/S12225-019-9804-7, http://zenodo.org/record/3345047
description: {"references": ["Exell, A. W. (1932). Mr. John Gossweiler' s plants from Angola and Portuguese Congo. Dicotyledones: Polypetalae. J. Bot. 70 (Suppl. 1).", "Paiva, J. A. R. (1966). Revisao das Annonaceae de Angola. Mem. Soc. Brot. 19: 5 - 128.", "Le Thomas, A. (1969). Annonacees. Flore du Gabon 16. Museum National d' histoire Naturelle, Paris.", "Doyle, J. A. &amp; Le Thomas, A. (2012). Evolution and phylogenetic significance of pollen in Annonaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 169: 190 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2012.01241. x.", "Walker, J. W. (1972). Contributions to the pollen morphology and phylogeny of the Annonaceae. II. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 173 - 178.", "Saunders, R. M. K. (2012). The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in Annonaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 169: 222 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8339.2011.01208. x."]}