cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The nightmare scenario: measuring the stochastic gravitational-wave background from stalling massive black-hole binaries with pulsar-timing arrays
Creators: name: Dvorkin, Irina
name: Barausse, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive black-hole binaries, formed when galaxies merge, are among the primary sources of gravitational waves targeted by ongoing Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments and the upcoming space-based LISA interferometer. However, their formation and merger rates are still highly uncertain. Recent upper limits on the stochastic gravitational-wave background obtained by PTAs are starting being in marginal tension with theoretical models for the pairing and orbital evolution of these systems. This tension can be resolved by assuming that these binaries are more eccentric or interact more strongly with the environment (gas and stars) than expected, or by accounting for possible selection biases in the construction of the theoretical models. However, another (pessimistic) possibility is that these binaries do not merge at all, but stall at large ($\sim$ pc) separations. We explore this extreme scenario by using a galaxy-formation semi-analytic model including massive black holes (isolated and in binaries), and show that future generations of PTAs will detect the stochastic gravitational-wave background from the massive black-hole binary population within $10-15$ years of observations, even in the "nightmare scenario" in which all binaries stall at the hardening radius. Moreover, we argue that this scenario is too pessimistic, because our model predicts the existence of a sub-population of binaries with small mass ratios ($q \lesssim 10^{-3}$) that should merge within a Hubble time simply as a result of gravitational-wave emission. This sub-population will be observable with large signal-to-noise ratios by future PTAs thanks to next-generation radio telescopes such as SKA or FAST, and possibly by LISA.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Revised to reflect final version
Hard-core bosons in flat band systems above the critical density
Creators: name: Drescher, Moritz
name: Mielke, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the behaviour of hard-core bosons in one- and two-dimensional flat band systems, the chequerboard and the kagomé lattice and one-dimensional analogues thereof. The one dimensional systems have an exact local reflection symmetry which allows for exact results. We show that above the critical density an additional particle forms a pair with one of the other bosons and that the pair is localised. In the two-dimensional systems exact results are not available but variational results indicate a similar physical behaviour.
Levels of Scientific Literacy Among Basic Science Students in Junior Secondary Schools.pdf
Creators: name: Orji, Evelyn   Ijeoma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The study determined the level of scientific literacy among basic science students in junior secondary schools in Nsukka L.G.A. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A total of 244 JSS 11 students (129 males & 115 females; 160 urban & 84 rural) were sampled for the study. Scientific Literacy Test (SLS) was used with a reliability coefficient of 0.60 using Kuder-Richardson (K-R-20). Data were analyzed using frequency and percentages and chi-square. The results of the study showed significant differences in the level of scientific literacy possessed among junior secondary school students in the area with majority (76.8%) of the students possessing nominal level of scientific literacy among others. It is recommended among others that there is need to develop a curriculum of basic science that will be geared towards the inculcation of the higher levels of scientific literacy. Keywords: Scientific Literacy, Basic science, Junior secondary students, gender and
Communication and information processing in magnetic nanostructures with edge spin waves
Creators: name: Lara, Antonio
name: Moreno, Javier Robledo
name: Guslienko, Konstantin Y.
name: Aliev, Farkhad G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low dissipation data processing with spins is one of the promising directions for future information and communication technologies. Despite a signifcant progress, the available magnonic devices are not broadband yet and have restricted capabilities to redirect spin waves. Here we propose a breakthrough approach to the spin wave manipulation in patterned magnetic nanostructures with unmatched characteristics, which exploits spin waves analogous to edge waves propagating along a water-wall boundary. Using theory, micromagnetic simulations and experiment we investigate spin waves propagating along the edges in magnetic structures, under an in-plane DC magnetic field inclined with respect to the edge. The proposed edge spin waves overcome important challenges faced by previous technologies such as the manipulation of the spin wave propagation direction, and they substantially improve the capability of transmitting information at frequencies exceeding 10 GHz. The concept of the edge spin waves allows to design broad range of logic devices such as splitters, interferometers, or edge spin wave transistors with unprecedented characteristics and potentially strong impact on information technologies.
Evolution of coexisting long and short period stellar activity cycles
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Mathur, Savita
name: Metcalfe, Travis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic activity of the Sun becomes stronger and weaker over roughly an 11 year cycle, modulating the radiation and charged particle environment experienced by the Earth as "space weather". Decades of observations from the Mount Wilson Observatory have revealed that other stars also show regular activity cycles in their Ca II H+K line emission, and identified two different relationships between the length of the cycle and the rotation rate of the star. Recent observations at higher cadence have allowed the discovery of shorter cycles with periods between 1-3 yr. Some of these shorter cycles coexist with longer cycle periods, suggesting that two underlying dynamos can operate simultaneously. We combine these new observations with previous data, and we show that the longer and shorter cycle periods agree remarkably well with those expected from an earlier analysis based on the mean activity level and the rotation period. The relative turbulent length scales associated with the two branches of cyclic behavior suggest that a near-surface dynamo may be the dominant mechanism that drives cycles in more active stars, whereas a dynamo operating in deeper layers may dominate in less active stars. However, several examples of equally prominent long and short cycles have been found at all levels of activity of stars younger than 2.3 Gyr. Deviations from the expected cycle periods show no dependence on the depth of the convection zone or on the metallicity. For some stars that exhibit longer cycles, we compute the periods of shorter cycles that might be detected with future high-cadence observations.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, published in ApJ
Biasing and the search for primordial non-Gaussianity beyond the local type
Creators: name: Gleyzes, Jérôme
name: de Putter, Roland
name: Green, Daniel
name: Doré, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial non-Gaussianity encodes valuable information about the physics of inflation, including the spectrum of particles and interactions. Significant improvements in our understanding of non-Gaussanity beyond Planck require information from large-scale structure. The most promising approach to utilize this information comes from the scale-dependent bias of halos. For local non-Gaussanity, the improvements available are well studied but the potential for non-Gaussianity beyond the local type, including equilateral and quasi-single field inflation, is much less well understood. In this paper, we forecast the capabilities of large-scale structure surveys to detect general non-Gaussianity through galaxy/halo power spectra. We study how non-Gaussanity can be distinguished from a general biasing model and where the information is encoded. For quasi-single field inflation, significant improvements over Planck are possible in some regions of parameter space. We also show that the multi-tracer technique can significantly improve the sensitivity for all non-Gaussianity types, providing up to an order of magnitude improvement for equilateral non-Gaussianity over the single-tracer measurement.
description: 24+6 pages, 10 figures
Composite Dislocations in Smectic Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Aharoni, Hillel
name: Machon, Thomas
name: Kamien, Randall D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Smectic liquid crystals are charcterized by layers that have a preferred uniform spacing and vanishing curvature in their ground state. Dislocations in the smectics play an important role in phase nucleation, layer reorientation, and dynamics. Typically modeled as possessing one line singularity, the layer structure of a dislocation leads to a diverging compression strain as one approaches the defect center, suggesting a large, elastically determined melted core. However, it has been observed that for large charge dislocations, the defect breaks up into two disclinations [C. E. Williams, Philos. Mag. 32, 313 (1975)]. Here we investigate the topology of the composite core. Because the smectic cannot twist, transformations between different disclination geometries are highly constrained. We demonstrate the geometric route between them and show that despite enjoying precisely the topological rules of the three-dimensional nematic, the additional structure of line disclinations in three-dimensional smectics localizes transitions to higher-order point singularities.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Two classes of non-weight modules over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra
Creators: name: Chen, Haibo
name: Han, Jianzhi
name: Su, Yucai
name: Yue, Xiaoqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper, we construct two classes of non-weight modules $Ω(λ,α,β)\otimes\mathrm{Ind}(M)$ and $\mathcal{M}\big(V,Ω(λ,α,β)\big)$ over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra, which are both associated with the modules $Ω(λ,α,β)$. We present the necessary and sufficient conditions under which modules in these two classes are irreducible and isomorphic, and also show that the irreducible modules in these two classes are new. Finally, we construct non-weight modules $\mathrm{Ind}_{\underline y,λ}(\C_{RS})$ and $\mathrm{Ind}_{\underline z,λ}(\C_{PQ})$ over the twisted Heisenberg-Virasoro algebra and then apply the established results to give irreducible conditions for $\mathrm{Ind}_{\underline y,λ}(\C_{RS})$ and $\mathrm{Ind}_{\underline z,λ}(\C_{PQ})$.
ДОСВІД РЕСПУБЛІКИ ПОЛЬЩА У СФЕРІ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЇ ПРОТИДІЇ СЛУЖБОВОМУ ПІДРОБЛЕННЮ
Creators: name: Степанюк, М. В.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: злочин, офіційний документ, службове підроблення, службова особа, іноземний досвід

description: Досліджуються позиції вчених, а також положення чинного законодавства України та Республіки Польща в частині визначення кримінально-правових норм, що передбачають відповідальність за службове підроблення.

З'ясовано притаманні обом державам ознаки теоретичних підходів науковців щодо визначення поняття «офіційний документ». Звернуто увагу на відмінностях в частині нормативного передбачення термінів «службова особа» та «неправдиві відомості», а також їх дефініцій у концептуальному розумінні з точку зору кримінального права.

Визначено теоретичні підходи вчених Республіки Польща що стосуються усвідомлення змісту положення «службова особа», а особливо індивідуальних підходів розуміння категорії як правового, соціального, економічного та морального явища, службового підроблення яке заподіює або може заподіяти негативні наслідки звичній (правдивій) діяльності моральних та нормативно-правових  відносин серед населення та у державі.

Виявлено зв'язок, що існує між положеннями приписів польських кримінальних законів щодо загальної протидії службовій злочинності, а також нормами, що віднесені до міжнародного права. Досліджено приписи низки рішень Вищого суду Республіки Польща щодо відповідальності за злочини у сфері підроблення документів.

Виокремлено певні відмінності щодо передбачених позицій українських та польських законодавчих актів, які зазначають перелік осіб, що мають право здійснювати повноваження службової особи.

Аргументовано, що не всі позиції польських науковців або законодавчі положення закріплені у законодавстві Республіки Польща є придатними до запозичення. Визначено необхідним категорична акцентація уваги на особливості не лише українських правових звичаїв, а й специфіки провадження державного управління, реалізації сфер життєздатності суспільства, нормальному існуванню суспільних відносин в реаліях дії воєнного стану.

Враховуючи результати наукової розвідки діючого законодавства Республіки Польща, а також положень доктрини українського кримінального права запропоновано ймовірні способи використання польського досвіду для з'ясування передбачених проблемних питань.
Voids in the Cosmic Web as a probe of dark energy
Creators: name: Novosyadlyj, B.
name: Tsizh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of large voids in the Cosmic Web from the initial adiabatic cosmological perturbations of space-time metric, density and velocity of matter is investigated in cosmological model with the dynamical dark energy accelerating expansion of the Universe. It is shown that the negative density perturbations with the initial radius of about 50 Mpc in comoving to the cosmological background coordinates and the amplitude corresponding to the r.m.s. temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background lead to the formation of voids with the density contrast up to $-$0.9, maximal peculiar velocity about 400 km/s and the radius close to the initial one. An important feature of voids formation from the analyzed initial amplitudes and profiles is establishing the surrounding overdensity shell. We have shown that the ratio of the peculiar velocity in units of the Hubble flow to the density contrast in the central part of a void does not depend or weakly depends on the distance from the center of the void. It is also shown that this ratio is sensitive to the values of dark energy parameters and can be used to find them based on the observational data on mass density and peculiar velocities of galaxies in the voids.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Data of AIG study in Indonesia
Creators: name: Amalia, Rizki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 329999
subject: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Abstract Background: Despite the low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Indonesia, the high incidence of gastritis, predominantly atrophic gastritis, suggests that factors such as autoimmune gastritis (AIG) contribute to this unusual pattern. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology of AIG, histopathology, and its association with H. pylori status in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in various regions in Indonesia between 2014 and 2017; 380 eligible sera and gastric biopsies were available when this study was conducted. As many as 138 sera samples were included in this study based on the initial examination by the updated Sydney system. The diagnosis of AIG was confirmed by serologic testing for parietal-cell-antibodies (PCA) and detailed histopathological assessment with sparing of antrum histopathological features. Results: Among the included samples in this study, 78.99 % (109/138) were PCA positive (>10 RU/mL) and 0.72% (1/138) were considered to be diagnosed as AIG (spared from antrum histopathological features). The majority of PCA positive cases were H. pylori positive (61/109; 55.96%) with a significant correlation (p< 0.05, R= 0.31). Additionally, a significant association was found between H. pylori infection and PCA level with gastric histopathological features (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the incidence of gastritis without H. pylori infection in Indonesia is not attributable with AIG, as only a single AIG-positive case was found. These findings underscore the important role of H. pylori as a pathogenic factor in chronic gastritis and highlight its mechanisms in triggering immune responses and driving the disease progression and histopathological changes.
title: Rheological modelling of viscoelastic fluid in a generic gap of screw pump
Creators: name: Mehrnia, Seyedmajid
name: Kerres, Lara
name: Kuhr, Maximilian M. G.
name: Pelz, Peter F.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: In this study, the leakage of a non-Newtonian fluid, i.e. silicone oil, in a generic gap was numerically investigated. A CFD tool is used to determine the relationship between leakage flow, gap length and pressure difference. The investigated fluid is viscoelastic and its properties are modelled by a Maxwell equation. The Maxwell model can be used to precisely define the phenomenon of stress relaxation. Moreover, a comparison of the viscosity of measured data with simplified models shows that the Maxwell model is best suited for viscosity prediction. Furthermore, simulation results showed that at low pressures, leakage is reduced by decreasing the gap angle. However, this effect changes with increasing viscosity and relaxation time of the molecule. To determine the pressure drop, the Bagley plot is used. The results confirmed that as the shear rate increases, the elastic pressure drop values increase. In addition, the leakage flow increases with an increasing slenderness ratio.
Cold Jupiters from the HARPS GTO follow-up program after ~ 20 years of monitoring campaigns.
Creators: name: Lo Curto, Gaspare
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Spectrograph, Radial velocity, exo-planets, laser frequency comb, point spread function

description: How to ensure consistency of the RV data over a period of decades ?
 Is precision the only key factor ? Or do we need also accuracy ?
 I will discuss this problematic and present the latest results
 on the search for long period planets and cold Jupiters.
The spatial decay of human capital externalities - A functional regression approach with precise geo-referenced data
Creators: name: Eppelsheimer, Johann
name: Jahn, Elke
name: Rust, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human capital externalities, Functional regression, Geodata, Wages
subject: 310 Statistik
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: C13; D62; J24; J31; R10; R12

description: This paper analyzes human capital externalities from high-skilled workers by applying functional regression to precise geocoded register data. Functional regression enables us to describe the concentration of high-skilled workers around workplaces as continuous curves and to efficiently estimate a spillover function determined by distance. Furthermore, our rich panel data allow us to address the sorting of workers and disentangle human capital externalities from supply effects by using an extensive set of time-varying fixed effects. Our estimates reveal that human capital externalities attenuate with increasing distance and disappear after 25 km. Externalities from the immediate neighborhood of an establishment are twice as large as externalities from surroundings 10 km away.
The metal-poor Universe: A perspective from near-pristine DLAs
Creators: name: Welsh, Louise
name: Cooke, Ryan
name: Fumagalli, Michele
name: Pettini, Max
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The properties of the first stars in the Universe remain a mystery. Dedicated searches for these so-called Population III (Pop. III) stars have spanned over 40 years, though, none have been found. Through this search we have realised that the chemistry of relic environments, enriched only by the supernovae of the first stars, offer an exciting avenue to study this population. In this talk, I will present the analysis of some of the most chemically near-pristine neutral gas reservoirs found ~2 billion years after the Big Bang. These near-pristine Damped Lyman-alpha systems (DLAs; observed through quasar absorption line spectroscopy) can be used to trace chemical evolution and search for the signature of the first stars. Leveraging ESPRESSO at the VLT, it is now possible to study the isotopic evolution of these DLAs with unprecedented precision. In particular, I will focus on the study of the carbon isotope ratio, 12C/12C. This is an invaluable tracer of a DLAs enrichment history and, indeed, can further be used to search for the signature of the hypothetical low-mass (i.e. 1M_sun) Population III stars.
Radiation-driven turbulent accretion onto massive black holes
Creators: name: Park, KwangHo
name: Wise, John H.
name: Bogdanović, Tamara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion of gas and interaction of matter and radiation are at the heart of many questions pertaining to black hole (BH) growth and coevolution of massive BHs and their host galaxies. To answer them it is critical to quantify how the ionizing radiation that emanates from the innermost regions of the BH accretion flow couples to the surrounding medium and how it regulates the BH fueling. In this work we use high resolution 3-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with the code Enzo, equipped with adaptive ray tracing module Moray, to investigate radiation-regulated BH accretion of cold gas. Our simulations reproduce findings from an earlier generation of 1D/2D simulations: the accretion powered UV and X-ray radiation forms a highly ionized bubble, which leads to suppression of BH accretion rate characterized by quasi-periodic outbursts. A new feature revealed by the 3D simulations is the highly turbulent nature of the gas flow in vicinity of the ionization front. During quiescent periods between accretion outbursts, the ionized bubble shrinks in size and the gas density that precedes the ionization front increases. Consequently, the 3D simulations show oscillations in the accretion rate of only ~2-3 orders of magnitude, significantly smaller than 1D/2D models. We calculate the energy budget of the gas flow and find that turbulence is the main contributor to the kinetic energy of the gas but corresponds to less than 10% of its thermal energy and thus does not contribute significantly to the pressure support of the gas.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Self-consistent Dark Matter Simplified Models with an s-channel scalar mediator
Creators: name: Bell, Nicole F.
name: Busoni, Giorgio
name: Sanderson, Isaac W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine Simplified Models in which fermionic DM interacts with Standard Model (SM) fermions via the exchange of an $s$-channel scalar mediator. The single-mediator version of this model is not gauge invariant, and instead we must consider models with two scalar mediators which mix and interfere. The minimal gauge invariant scenario involves the mixing of a new singlet scalar with the Standard Model Higgs boson, and is tightly constrained. We construct two Higgs doublet model (2HDM) extensions of this scenario, where the singlet mixes with the 2nd Higgs doublet. Compared with the one doublet model, this provides greater freedom for the masses and mixing angle of the scalar mediators, and their coupling to SM fermions. We outline constraints on these models, and discuss Yukawa structures that allow enhanced couplings, yet keep potentially dangerous flavour violating process under control. We examine the direct detection phenomenology of these models, accounting for interference of the scalar mediators, and interference of different quarks in the nucleus. Regions of parameter space consistent with direct detection measurements are determined.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures. References added and minor corrections made to match published version
The Formation of Heliospheric Arcs of Slow Solar Wind
Creators: name: Higginson, A. K.
name: Antiochos, S. K.
name: DeVore, C. R.
name: Wyper, P. F.
name: Zurbuchen, T. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major challenge in solar and heliospheric physics is understanding how highly localized regions, far smaller than 1 degree at the Sun, are the source of solar-wind structures spanning more than 20 degrees near Earth. The Sun's atmosphere is divided into magnetically open regions, coronal holes, where solar-wind plasma streams out freely and fills the solar system, and closed regions, where the plasma is confined to coronal loops. The boundary between these regions extends outward as the heliospheric current sheet (HCS). Measurements of plasma composition imply that the solar wind near the HCS, the so-called slow solar wind, originates in closed regions, presumably by the processes of field-line opening or interchange reconnection. Mysteriously, however, slow wind is also often seen far from the HCS. We use high-resolution, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to calculate the dynamics of a coronal hole whose geometry includes a narrow corridor flanked by closed field and which is driven by supergranule-like flows at the coronal-hole boundary. We find that these dynamics result in the formation of giant arcs of closed-field plasma that extend far from the HCS and span tens of degrees in latitude and longitude at Earth, accounting for the slow solar wind observations.
Quasiparticle second-order viscous hydrodynamics from kinetic theory
Creators: name: Tinti, Leonardo
name: Jaiswal, Amaresh
name: Ryblewski, Radoslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the derivation of second-order relativistic viscous hydrodynamics from an effective Boltzmann equation for a system consisting of quasiparticles of a single species. We consider temperature-dependent masses of the quasiparticles and devise a thermodynamically-consistent framework to formulate second-order evolution equations for shear and bulk viscous pressure corrections. The main advantage of this formulation is that one can consistently implement realistic equation of state of the medium within the framework of kinetic theory. Specializing to the case of one-dimensional purely-longitudinal boost-invariant expansion, we study the effect of this new formulation on viscous hydrodynamic evolution of strongly-interacting matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, version published in Phys. Rev. D
Cross-correlating 2D and 3D galaxy surveys
Creators: name: Passaglia, Samuel
name: Manzotti, Alessandro
name: Dodelson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy surveys probe both structure formation and the expansion rate, making them promising avenues for understanding the dark universe. Photometric surveys accurately map the 2D distribution of galaxy positions and shapes in a given redshift range, while spectroscopic surveys provide sparser 3D maps of the galaxy distribution. We present a way to analyse overlapping 2D and 3D maps jointly and without loss of information. We represent 3D maps using spherical Fourier-Bessel (sFB) modes, which preserve radial coverage while accounting for the spherical sky geometry, and we decompose 2D maps in a spherical harmonic basis. In these bases, a simple expression exists for the cross-correlation of the two fields. One very powerful application is the ability to simultaneously constrain the redshift distribution of the photometric sample, the sample biases, and cosmological parameters. We use our framework to show that combined analysis of DESI and LSST can improve cosmological constraints by factors of ${\sim}1.2$ to ${\sim}1.8$ on the region where they overlap relative to identically sized disjoint regions. We also show that in the overlap of DES and SDSS-III in Stripe 82, cross-correlating improves photo-$z$ parameter constraints by factors of ${\sim}2$ to ${\sim}12$ over internal photo-$z$ reconstructions.
description: Revised version, new table with absolute cosmological constraints. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D
Probabilistic quantum teleportation via thermal entanglement
Creators: name: Fortes, Raphael
name: Rigolin, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the probabilistic (conditional) teleportation protocol when the entanglement needed to its implementation is given by thermal entanglement, i.e., when the entangled resource connecting Alice and Bob is an entangled mixed state described by the canonical ensemble density matrix. Specifically, the entangled resource we employ here is given by two interacting spin-1/2 systems (two qubits) in equilibrium with a thermal reservoir at temperature T. The interaction between the qubits is described by a Heisenberg-like Hamiltonian, encompassing the Ising, the XX, the XY, the XXX, and XXZ models, with or without external fields. For all those models we show analytically that the probabilistic protocol is exactly equal to the deterministic one whenever we have no external field. However, when we turn on the field the probabilistic protocol outperforms the deterministic one in several interesting ways. Under certain scenarios, for example, the efficiency (average fidelity) of the probabilistic protocol is greater than the deterministic one and increases with increasing temperature, a counterintuitive behavior. We also show regimes in which the probabilistic protocol operates with relatively high success rates and, at the same time, with efficiency greater than the classical limit 2/3, a threshold that cannot be surpassed by any protocol using only classical resources (no entanglement shared between Alice and Bob). The deterministic protocol's efficiency under the same conditions is below 2/3, highlighting that the probabilistic protocol is the only one yielding a genuine quantum teleportation. We also show that near the quantum critical points for almost all those models the qualitative and quantitative behaviors of the efficiency change considerably, even at finite T.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, two-column, RevTex4; v2: published version with a new appendix
Active Learning and Proofreading for Delineation of Curvilinear Structures
Creators: name: Mosinska, Agata
name: Tarnawski, Jakub
name: Fua, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many state-of-the-art delineation methods rely on supervised machine learning algorithms. As a result, they require manually annotated training data, which is tedious to obtain. Furthermore, even minor classification errors may significantly affect the topology of the final result. In this paper we propose a generic approach to addressing both of these problems by taking into account the influence of a potential misclassification on the resulting delineation. In an Active Learning context, we identify parts of linear structures that should be annotated first in order to train a classifier effectively. In a proofreading context, we similarly find regions of the resulting reconstruction that should be verified in priority to obtain a nearly-perfect result. In both cases, by focusing the attention of the human expert on potential classification mistakes which are the most critical parts of the delineation, we reduce the amount of required supervision. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on microscopy images depicting blood vessels and neurons.
description: extended version with fast reconstruction
Black holes and solitons in an extended Proca theory
Creators: name: Babichev, Eugeny
name: Charmousis, Christos
name: Hassaine, Mokhtar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a massive vector tensor theory that acquires mass via a standard Proca term but also via a higher order term containing an explicit coupling to curvature. We find static solutions that are asymptotically flat, adS or Lifshitz black holes. Since the higher order term regularizes the effect of the Proca mass term, generically solutions are asymptotically regular for arbitrary couplings. This is true in particular for asymptotically flat black holes. For a particular coupling we find particle like solitons that have a regular and non trivial geometry everywhere. In all adS solutions the Proca mass term plays the role of an effective cosmological constant distinctly different from the bare cosmological constant.
description: 21 pages and 5 figures, regular article, minor changes and references added
title: A Methodology for the Classification and Characterisation of Industrial Demand-Side Integration Measures
Creators: name: Walther, Jessica
name: Dietrich, Bastian
name: Grosch, Benedikt Emanuel
name: Lindner, Martin
name: Fuhrländer-Völker, Daniel
name: Strobel, Nina
name: Weigold, Matthias
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: In the context of the ongoing climate change and increasingly strict climate goals of the European Green Deal, industry faces a growing challenge to decrease its high demand for electrical energy and its greenhouse gas emissions. Demand-Side Integration measures have a great potential to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions of the industrial sector. However, there is still no definition and consistent characterising terms for Industrial Demand-Side Integration. The lack of clarity in concepts and definitions may impose hurdles in the transfer of results and methodologies from research activities and thus, in the implementation of measures in the industry. Furthermore, the economic value of implementing these measures is often unclear but of high relevance to industrial consumers. This paper proposes a comprehensive Industrial Demand-Side Integration definition and a methodology to classify and characterise its measures. The methodology is aimed at helping industrial consumers decide which measures can be implemented in their specific setting and how these measures can be monetised. The methodology is validated by applying it to eight relevant use cases in the ETA Research Factory.
Step free energies at faceted solid surfaces: Theory and atomistic calculations for steps on the Cu(111) surface
Creators: name: Freitas, Rodrigo
name: Frolov, Timofey
name: Asta, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory for the thermodynamic properties of steps on faceted crystalline surfaces is presented. The formalism leads to the definition of step excess quantities, including an excess step stress that is the step analogy of surface stress. The approach is used to develop a relationship between the temperature dependence of the step free energy ($γ^\mathrm{st}$) and step excess quantities for energy and stress that can be readily calculated by atomistic simulations. We demonstrate the application of this formalism in thermodynamic-integration (TI) calculations of the step free energy, based on molecular-dynamics simulations, considering $\left< 110 \right>$ steps on the $\{111\}$ surface of a classical potential model for elemental Cu. In this application we employ the Frenkel-Ladd approach to compute the reference value of $γ^\mathrm{st}$ for the TI calculations. Calculated results for excess energy and stress show relatively weak temperature dependencies up to a homologous temperature of approximately 0.6, above which these quantities increase strongly and the step stress becomes more isotropic. From the calculated excess quantities we compute $γ^\mathrm{st}$ over the temperature range from zero up to the melting point ($T_\mathrm{m}$). We find that $γ^\mathrm{st}$ remains finite up to $T_\mathrm{m}$, indicating the absence of a roughening temperature for this $\{111\}$ surface facet, but decreases by roughly fifty percent from the zero-temperature value. The strongest temperature dependence occurs above homologous temperatures of approximately 0.6, where the step becomes configurationally disordered due to the formation of point defects and appreciable capillary fluctuations.
Parity-Forbidden Transitions and Their Impacts on the Optical Absorption Properties of Lead-Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Double Perovskites
Creators: name: Meng, Weiwei
name: Wang, Xiaoming
name: Xiao, Zewen
name: Wang, Jianbo
name: Mitzi, David
name: Yan, Yanfa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using density-functional theory calculations, we analyze the optical absorption properties of lead (Pb)-free metal halide perovskites (AB$^{2+}$X$_3$) and double perovskites (AB$^+$B$^{3+}$X$_6$) (A = Cs or monovalent organic ion, B$^{2+}$ = non-Pb divalent metal, B$^+$ = monovalent metal, B$^{3+}$ = trivalent metal, X = halogen). We show that, if B$^{2+}$ is not Sn or Ge, Pb-free metal halide perovskites exhibit poor optical absorptions because of their indirect bandgap nature. Among the nine possible types of Pb-free metal halide double perovskites, six have direct bandgaps. Of these six types, four show inversion symmetry-induced parity-forbidden or weak transitions between band edges, making them not ideal for thin-film solar cell application. Only one type of Pb-free double perovskite shows optical absorption and electronic properties suitable for solar cell applications, namely those with B$^+$ = In, Tl and B$^{3+}$ = Sb, Bi. Our results provide important insights for designing new metal halide perovskites and double perovskites for optoelectronic applications.
Ordered phases in coupled nonequilibrium systems: static properties
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Shauri
name: Chatterjee, Sakuntala
name: Barma, Mustansir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a coupled driven system in which two species of particles are advected by a fluctuating potential energy landscape. While the particles follow the potential gradient, each species affects the local shape of the landscape in different ways. As a result of this two-way coupling between the landscape and the particles, the system shows interesting new phases, characterized by different sorts of long ranged order in the particles and in the landscape. In all these ordered phases the two particle species phase separate completely from each other, but the underlying landscape may either show complete ordering, with macroscopic regions with distinct average slopes, or may show coexistence of ordered and disordered regions, depending on the differential nature of effect produced by the particle species on the landscape. We discuss several aspects of static properties of these phases in this paper, and we discuss the dynamics of these phases in the sequel.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Borophene
Creators: name: Jia, Yue
name: Li, Chun
name: Jiang, Jin-Wu
name: Wei, Ning
name: Chen, Yang
name: Zhang, Yongjie Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present work carries out molecular dynamics simulations to compute the thermal conductivity of the borophene nanoribbon and the borophene nanotube using the Muller-Plathe approach. We investigate the thermal conductivity of the armchair and zigzag borophenes, and show the strong anisotropic thermal conductivity property of borophene. We compare the results of the borophene nanoribbon and the borophene nanotube, and find the thermal conductivity of the borophene is structure dependent.
title: AI large language models inquiry: TASHub Response
Creators: name: Krook, Joshua
name: Williams, Jennifer
name: Seabrooke, Tina
name: Schneiders, Eike
name: Blockx, Jan
name: Middleton, Stuart E
name: Ramchurn, Sarvapali
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Large Language Models, technology policy, law and technology, artificial intelligence, generative ai, chatgpt, european law

description: Policy submission to the Consultation by Communications and Digital Committee, House of Lords, AI Large Language Models Inquiry.
Checklist to follow the Privacy Guidelines for LA applied to the measurement of Digital Readiness
Creators: name: Martínez-Monés, Alejandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital Readiness
Privacy
Checklist
Higher Education Institutions

description: Checklist of the protocols that the Higher Education Institutions should follow to meet the guidelines defined by the DigiReady+ consortium for privacy issues that should be considered by these institutions when using Learning (and Institutional) Analytics when measuring Digital Readiness.
National Open Access Monitor: Dashboard Manager Application Form
Creators: name: Ferris, Catherine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open access
open access monitoring
Ireland
OpenAIRE
Dashboard Managers
application form

description: This is a reference PDF copy of the National Open Access Monitor Dashboard Manager Application Form, with submissions captured through the Online Survey platform from 22nd November 2023. 
The context is detailed in the Irish Research Performing Organisations (RPO) training - National Open Access Monitor, Ireland: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10143612 and the National Open Access Monitor, Ireland Inception Report: https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.10005955
This project is managed by IReL and has received funding from Ireland's National Open Research Forum under the NORF Open Research Fund. https://norf.ie/funding/ https://norf.ie/orf-projects-announcement/
National Open Access Monitor: Stakeholder Consent Form
Creators: name: Ferris, Catherine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: research ethics
open access monitoring
open access
Ireland

description: This is an unsigned copy of the stakeholder contributor consent form, which is a requirement for stakeholder participation in the National Open Access Monitor project under the Maynooth University research ethics procedures. A copy of the Maynooth University Ethics Approval can be found here: 10.5281/zenodo.7589178 The National Open Access Monitor Project Plan is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7331431 This project is managed by IReL has received funding from Ireland’s National Open Research Forum under the NORF Open Research Fund. https://norf.ie/funding/ https://norf.ie/orf-projects-announcement/
Lecturers’ Perception of the Impact of Innovation in Research Practice in Universities in South-South Nigeria Implications for Sustainable National Development.pdf
Creators: name: Orji, Evelyn   Ijeoma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The objective of the study was to investigate the perception of south-south university lecturers on the impact of innovation in research practice for sustainable development. The study adopted a quantitative research approach with a descriptive survey. The population comprised all academic staff in the four public universities in Cross River and Akwa Ibom States, Nigeria which numbered one thousand five hundred and ninety one (1591) persons. Through a multistage sampling procedure, stratified random sampling and accidental sampling, a sample size of 504 was drawn from four faculties of each of the Universities: Education, Social science, Management science and Science. Data was collected through the use of self-administered questionnaire with Cronbach alpha coefficients of 0.76. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses. The result shows, amongst others, that the professional practices of lecturers in the two states with respect to publication and overall practices were high. The study recommends, among others, that government should adequately support universities through funding and infrastructural development. This should include the provision of general satisfactory work condition and conducive environment for staff efficiency as this could help bridge any disparity in professional activities among universities in South - South Nigeria and global society. Keywords: university, innovative, research, practices, lecturers
title: Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur für die Ingenieurwissenschaften (NFDI4Ing)
Creators: name: Nestler, Britta
name: Pelz, Peter F.
name: Schmitt, Robert H.
name: Berger, Marco
name: Dierend, Hauke
name: Farnbacher, Benjamin
name: Flemisch, Bernd
name: Gläser, Dennis
name: Heine, Ina
name: Hoppe, Nils
name: Jagusch, Gerald
name: Lachmayer, Roland
name: Lemmer, Jan
name: Linxweiler, Jan
name: Metzmacher, Amelie I.
name: Mozgova, Iryna
name: Preuß, Nils
name: Richter, Manuela
name: Roski, Stefanie
name: Schlenz, Hartmut
name: Selzer, Michael
name: Stemmer, Christian
name: Heuveline, Vincent
name: Bisheh, Nina
Publisher: name: heiBOOKS
Year: 2024

description: NFDI4Ing ist ein 2017 gegründetes Konsortium mit dem Ziel, Wissenschaftler:innen aller Disziplinen zu ermöglichen, ingenieurwissenschaftliche Forschungsprozesse in ihrer Gesamtheit nachvollziehen oder reproduzieren zu können. Die Besonderheit an NFDI4Ing ist der Aufbau, welcher sich in drei Bereiche aufteilt. Die Archetypen, die an den methodischen Bedarfen ausgerichtet sind, die Community Cluster und die Base Services. NFDI4Ing erarbeitet technologische Methoden und Lösungen, bietet Aus- und Weiterbildungsprogramme und trägt zur Verbreitung des Forschungsdatenmanagements (FDM) in den Ingenieurwissenschaften bei.