cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the robustness of rotational inversion results
Creators: name: Mokrytska, Daria
name: Ahlborn, Felix
name: Bellinger, Earl P.
name: Hekker, Saskia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stellar Astrophysics
red giants
stellar rotation
asteroseismology

description: Rotation is a physical phenomenon that impacts on the stellar structure and evolution of stars. Despite its importance, rotation in stars is not fully understood. In fact, predicted and observed rotation rates differ by more than an order of magnitude. This difference between observations and models is highly pronounced in red-giant stars. In these stars waves exhibit sensitivity to both the core and the surface, allowing us to infer the radial differential rotation at the core and surface of these stars through so-called rotational inversions. To do so, we need an appropriate model of the star. Given the number of free parameters and one-dimensionality of the models, there is some degeneracy. Hence, models with different parameters could be identified as, or close to, the best-fitting model for a particular star. In this work we investigate how robust the rotation results from rotational inversions are to changes in stellar parameters of the models used.
description: {"references": ["Beck, Paul et al. (2012). Fast core rotation in red-giant stars as revealed by gravity-dominated mixed modes. arXiv:1112.2825"]}
The segmental structure of faces and its use in gender recognition
Creators: name: A  Nestor
name: Tarr, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: What is the relationship between object segmentation and recognition? First, we develop a feature segmentation method that parses faces into features and, in doing so, attempts to approximate human performance. This segmentation-based approach allows us to build featural representations that make explicit the part-whole structure of faces and removes a priori assumptions from the equation of how objects come to be divided into features. Second, we examine the utility and the psychological plausibility of this representation by applying it to the task of facial gender recognition. Featural information from the segmentation process is shown to support relatively high accuracy levels with automatic gender categorization. The diagnosticity of featural information, in particular color information as encoded by the three perceptual color channels, is traced to the different patterns of feature contrast across Caucasian male and female faces. Results with human recognition suggest the visual system can exploit this information, however, there are open questions regarding the contribution of color information independent of luminance. More generally, our approach allows us to clarify and extend the notion of "configural" representations to multiple cues (i.e., not only shape) by considering relations between features independent of cue domain.
The scientist as problem solver
Creators: name: Simon, Herbert Alexander
name: Artificial Intelligence And Psychology Project.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Abstract: "The thesis of this paper is that the scientist is a problem solver. If this thesis is true, then we can dispense with a separate theory of scientific discovery--the processes of discovery are just applications of the processes of problem solving. However, since the thesis is not obvious to everyone, and since the topic of scientific discovery has interest in its own right, perhaps it is worth while [sic] saying a little more about it. In particular, I shall use this opportunity to think aloud, retrospectively, about some of my own scientific work, and to see whether it, too, fits the problem solving mold."
Master_Thesis_merged_with_evaluation.pdf
Creators: name: Tabet, Akram Naoufel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 460501
subject: Data engineering and data science
classificationCode: 460208
subject: Natural language processing
classificationCode: 461102
subject: Context learning
classificationCode: 461103
subject: Deep learning

description: The project focuses on developing an AI chatbot specifically designed for e-commerce to enhance customer service. As e-commerce transactions grow, traditional customer service methods struggle to meet demand, often leading to delays. To address this, the project leverages generative AI and large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, to create a chatbot capable of understanding and processing natural language. This chatbot is designed to perform essential tasks, including answering customer queries, providing product recommendations, and tracking order status in real time. It incorporates Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) for accurate responses and uses AWS to ensure scalability and reliability. Ultimately, the project aims to improve customer satisfaction and operational efficiency by delivering instant, personalized support and enhancing user engagement through sophisticated AI capabilities.
Extended calculations of energy levels, radiative properties, $A_{J}$, $B_{J}$ hyperfine interaction constants, and Landé $g_{J}$-factors for nitrogen-like \mbox{Ge XXVI}
Creators: name: Wang, K.
name: Zhang, C. Y.
name: Jönsson, P.
name: Si, R.
name: Zhao, X. H.
name: Chen, Z. B.
name: Guo, X. L.
name: Chen, C. Y.
name: Yan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing two state-of-the-art methods, multiconfiguration Dirac--Hartree--Fock and second-order many-body perturbation theory, highly accurate calculations are performed for the lowest 272 fine-structure levels arising from the $2s^{2} 2p^{3}$, $2s 2p^{4}$, $2p^{5}$, $2s^{2} 2p^{2} 3l$~($l=s,p,d$), $2s 2p^{3}3l$ ($l=s,p,d$), and $2p^{4} 3l$ ($l=s,p,d$) configurations in nitrogen-like Ge XXVI. Complete and consistent atomic data, including excitation energies, lifetimes, wavelengths, hyperfine structures, Landé $g_{J}$-factors, and E1, E2, M1, M2 line strengths, oscillator strengths, and transition rates among these 272 levels are provided. Comparisons are made between the present two data sets, as well as with other available experimental and theoretical values. The present data are accurate enough for identification and deblending of emission lines involving the $n=3$ levels, and are also useful for modeling and diagnosing fusion plasmas.
Partial separability and entanglement criteria for multiqubit quantum states
Creators: name: Seevinck, Michael
name: Uffink, Jos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the subtle relationships between partial separability and entanglement of subsystems in multiqubit quantum states and give experimentally accessible conditions that distinguish between various classes and levels of partial separability in a hierarchical order. These conditions take the form of bounds on the correlations of locally orthogonal observables. Violations of such inequalities give strong sufficient criteria for various forms of partial inseparability and multiqubit entanglement. The strength of these criteria is illustrated by showing that they are stronger than several other well-known entanglement criteria (the fidelity criterion, violation of Mermin-type separability inequalities, the Laskowski-Żukowski criterion and the Dür-Cirac criterion), and also by showing their great noise robustness for a variety of multiqubit states, including N-qubit GHZ states and Dicke states. Furthermore, for N greater than or equal to 3 they can detect bound entangled states. For all these states, the required number of measurement settings for implementation of the entanglement criteria is shown to be only N+1. If one chooses the familiar Pauli matrices as single-qubit observables, the inequalities take the form of bounds on the anti-diagonal matrix elements of a state in terms of its diagonal matrix elements.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures. v4: published version
Time-dependent AdS/CFT correspondence and the Quark-Gluon plasma
Creators: name: Bernamonti, Alice
name: Peschanski, Robi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments on high-energy heavy-ion collisions reveal the formation and some intriguing properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a new phase of matter predicted by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the quantum field theory of strong interactions. The phenomenological success of relativistic hydrodynamic simulations with remarkably weak shear viscosity, modeling QGP as an almost perfect fluid, are in favor of the occurrence of a strongly-coupled QGP expanding and cooling during the reaction. A derivation of these features in QCD at strong coupling is still lacking and represents a very intricate theoretical challenge. As a quite unique modern tool to relate these dynamical features to a microscopic gauge field theory at strong coupling, time-dependent realizations of the AdS/CFT correspondence provide a fruitful way to study these properties in a realistic kinematic configuration. Relating a 4-dimensional Yang-Mills gauge theory with four supersymmetries (which is a conformal field theory, CFT) with gravity in Anti-de Sitter space in five dimensions (AdS), the AdS/CFT correspondence provides a useful "laboratory" to study yet unknown strong coupling properties of QCD. Besides the interest of revealing new aspects of the AdS/CFT correspondence in a dynamical set-up, the application to plasma formation leads to non trivial theoretical properties, as we will discuss in the lectures. The highlights of the present lectures are: 1. Emergence of an (almost) perfect hydrodynamic fluid at late proper-times after the collision. 2. Duality between an expanding 4-dimensional plasma and a black hole moving radially in the bulk. 3. Intimate link between conformal hydrodynamics and Einstein's equations in the asymptotically AdS space. 4. Possibility of studying the far-from-equilibrium stage of a gauge field theory at early collisional proper-times.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, based on the lectures given by R.P. at the 2010 Cargese Summer School (June 21-July 3), to appear in the proceedings. References added and corrected relaxation time eq. (56)
Neutrino signal from proto-neutron star evolution: Effects of opacities from charged-current-neutrino interactions and inverse neutron decay
Creators: name: Fischer, Tobias
name: Guo, Gang
name: Dzhioev, Alan A.
name: Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel
name: Wu, Meng-Ru
name: Lohs, Andreas
name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of charged current neutrino processes on the formation and evolution of neutrino spectra during the deleptonization of proto-neutron stars. To this end we develop the full kinematics of these reaction rates consistent with the nuclear equation of state, including weak magnetism contributions. This allows us to systematically study the impact of inelastic contributions and weak magnetism on the $ν_e$ and $\barν_e$ luminosities and average energies. Furthermore, we explore the role of the inverse neutron decay, also known as the direct Urca process, on the emitted spectra of $\barν_e$. This process is commonly considered in the cooling scenario of cold neutron stars but has so far been neglected in the evolution of hot proto-neutron stars. We find that the inverse neutron decay becomes the dominating opacity source for low-energy $\barν_e$. Accurate three-flavor Boltzmann neutrino transport enables us to relate the magnitude of neutrino fluxes and spectra to details of the treatment of weak processes. This allows us to quantify the corresponding impact on the conditions relevant for the nucleosynthesis in the neutrino-driven wind, which is ejected from the proto-neutron star surface during the deleptonization phase.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
The roles of prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex in algebra problem solving: A case of using cognitive modeling to inform neuroimaging data
Creators: name: Danker, Jared F.
name: Anderson, John R.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In naturalistic algebra problem solving, the cognitive processes of representation and retrieval are typically confounded, in that transformations of the equations typically require retrieval of mathematical facts. Previous work using cognitive modeling has associated activity in the prefrontal cortex with the retrieval demands of algebra problems and activity in the posterior parietal cortex with the transformational demands of algebra problems, but these regions tend to behave similarly in response to task manipulations (Anderson, J.R., Qin, Y., Sohn, M.-H., Stenger, V.A., Carter, C.S., 2003. An information-processing model of the BOLD response in symbol manipulation tasks. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 10, 241–261; Qin, Y., Carter, C.S., Silk, E.M., Stenger, A., Fissell, K., Goode, A., Anderson, J.R., 2004. The change of brain activation patterns as children learn algebra equation solving. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 5686–5691). With this study we attempt to isolate activity in these two regions by using a multi-step algebra task in which transformation (parietal) is manipulated in the first step and retrieval (prefrontal) is manipulated in the second step. Counter to our initial predictions, both brain regions were differentially active during both steps. We designed two cognitive models, one encompassing our initial assumptions and one in which both processes were engaged during both steps. The first model provided a poor fit to the behavioral and neural data, while the second model fit both well. This simultaneously emphasizes the strong relationship between retrieval and representation in mathematical reasoning and demonstrates that cognitive modeling can serve as a useful tool for understanding task manipulations in neuroimaging experiments.
The Effectiveness of Data Augmentation for Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases from Endoscopical Images
Creators: name: Asperti, Andrea
name: Mastronardo, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The lack, due to privacy concerns, of large public databases of medical pathologies is a well-known and major problem, substantially hindering the application of deep learning techniques in this field. In this article, we investigate the possibility to supply to the deficiency in the number of data by means of data augmentation techniques, working on the recent Kvasir dataset of endoscopical images of gastrointestinal diseases. The dataset comprises 4,000 colored images labeled and verified by medical endoscopists, covering a few common pathologies at different anatomical landmarks: Z-line, pylorus and cecum. We show how the application of data augmentation techniques allows to achieve sensible improvements of the classification with respect to previous approaches, both in terms of precision and recall.
Escalating The War On SPAM Through Practical POW Exchange
Creators: name: Gardner-Stephen, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proof-of-work (POW) schemes have been proposed in the past. One prominent system is HASHCASH (Back, 2002) which uses cryptographic puzzles . However, work by Laurie and Clayton (2004) has shown that for a uniform proof-of-work scheme on email to have an impact on SPAM, it would also be onerous enough to impact on senders of "legitimate" email. I suggest that a non-uniform proof-of-work scheme on email may be a solution to this problem, and describe a framework that has the potential to limit SPAM, without unduly penalising legitimate senders, and is constructed using only current SPAM filter technology, and a small change to the SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). Specifically, I argue that it is possible to make sending SPAM 1,000 times more expensive than sending "legitimate" email (so called HAM). Also, unlike the system proposed by Debin Liu and Jean Camp (2006), it does not require the complications of maintaining a reputation system.
description: To be presented at the IEEE Conference On Networking, Adelaide, Australia, November 19-21, 2007
The Energy-Energy Correlation at Next-to-Leading Order in QCD, Analytically
Creators: name: Dixon, Lance J.
name: Luo, Ming-xing
name: Shtabovenko, Vladyslav
name: Yang, Tong-Zhi
name: Zhu, Hua Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy-energy correlation (EEC) between two detectors in $e^+e^-$ annihilation was computed analytically at leading order in QCD almost 40 years ago, and numerically at next-to-leading order (NLO) starting in the 1980s. We present the first analytical result for the EEC at NLO, which is remarkably simple, and facilitates analytical study of the perturbative structure of the EEC. We provide the expansion of EEC in the collinear and back-to-back regions through to next-to-leading power, information which should aid resummation in these regions.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, plus 6 pages and 4 figures; v2: uploaded the ancillary file EEC_NLO_supplemental.m
Interpreting Theories without a Spacetime
Creators: name: De Haro, Sebastian
name: De Regt, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we have two aims: first, to draw attention to the close connexion between interpretation and scientific understanding; second, to give a detailed account of how theories without a spacetime can be interpreted, and so of how they can be understood. In order to do so, we of course need an account of what is meant by a theory `without a spacetime': which we also provide in this paper. We describe three tools, used by physicists, aimed at constructing interpretations which are adequate for the goal of understanding. We analyse examples from high-energy physics illustrating how physicists use these tools to construct interpretations and thereby attain understanding. The examples are: the 't Hooft approximation of gauge theories, random matrix models, causal sets, loop quantum gravity, and group field theory.
description: 41 pages, 1 figure, updated references
Digital Preservation DPS—core requirements
Creators: name: Stokes, Paul
name: Colbron, Karen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Building trust and transparency into research and curation techniques, costs, and workflows
Dynamic Purchasing system
Digital Preservation Procurement
Digital Preservation system requirements
Jisc

description: Jisc are considering implementing a Dynamic Purchasing System (DPS) for members to use when procuring a Digital Preservation System. This lightning talk briefly covers what a DPS is and the process we’re undergoing to draft and validate a base set of common requirements for Digital Preservation systems requirements with vendors and with potential users of the DPS.
CP Violation in Supersymmetry with Effective Minimal Flavour Violation
Creators: name: Barbieri, Riccardo
name: Lodone, Paolo
name: Straub, David M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze CP violation in supersymmetry with Effective Minimal Flavour Violation, as recently proposed in arXiv:1011.0730. Unlike the case of standard Minimal Flavour Violation, we show that all the phases allowed by the flavour symmetry can be sizable without violating existing Electric Dipole Moment constraints, thus solving the SUSY CP problem. The EDMs at one and two loops are precisely analyzed as well as their correlations with the expected CP asymmetries in B physics.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures. v2: Discussion in section 2 extended, conclusions unchanged. Matches published version
The Role of the Basal Ganglia– Anterior Prefrontal Circuit as a Biological Instruction Interpreter
Creators: name: Stocco, Andrea
name: Lebiere, Christian
name: O'Reilly, Randall C.
name: Anderson, John R.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Intelligent and versatile behavior requires the capability of adapting to novel and unanticipated situations. When facing novel and unexpected tasks, a fast and general solution consists in creating new declarative task representations, and subsequently acting upon them. Although this mechanism seems straightforward in general terms, it poses significant difficulties to be implemented in a biological model, and the exact neural substrates of this process are still unknown. Based on the analysis of two different computational models, we hypothesized that the brain circuit for interpreting instructions would comprise the aPFC (holding dependencies among specialized cortical areas) and the basal ganglia (orchestrating the exchange of information among regions). To verify this hypothesis, we designed and ran an fMRI experiment where participants had to perform changing tasks that consisted of different combinations of atomic cognitive operations. Both models and experimental data suggest that the aPFC is critical in representing abstract knowledge that reflects planned cognitive operations. This is consistent with the late appearance of aPFC in the evolution of the human brain, and its role in enabling human intelligence and culture. On the other hand, results and simulations show that the effect of this cortical region is made possible by the contribution of the basal ganglia circuit, which works as a general-purpose interpreter of declarative knowledge.
The general non-symmetric, unbalanced star circuit: On the geometrization of problems in electrical measurement
Creators: name: Eggert, Christian
name: Gäer, Ralf
name: Klinker, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the general solution of problems concerning AC star circuits by turning them into geometric problems. We show that one problem is strongly related to the Fermat-point of a triangle. We present a solution that is well adapted to the practical application the problem is based on. Furthermore, we solve a generalization of the geometric situation and discuss the relation to non-symmetric, unbalanced AC star circuits.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0254v
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0254v, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VI, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 190 (11 H 75), 316 folios, f. 0254v, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Simulations of Polyelectrolyte Adsorption to a Dielectric Like-Charged Surface
Creators: name: Santos, Alexandre P. dos
name: Girotto, Matheus
name: Levin, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore, using the recently developed efficient Monte Carlo simulation method, the interaction of an anionic polyelectrolyte solution with a like-charged dielectric surface. In addition to polyions, the solution also contains salt with either monovalent, divalent, or trivalent counterions. In agreement with recent experimental observations, we find that multivalent counterions can lead to strong adsorption of polyions onto the surface. On the other hand, addition of a 1:1 electrolyte diminishes the adsorption induced by the multivalent counterions. Dielectric discontinuity at the interface is found to play only a marginal role in polyion adsorption.
The moduli space of cubic threefolds via degenerations of the intermediate Jacobian
Creators: name: Casalaina-Martin, Sebastian
name: Laza, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J30, 14J10, 14H40, 14K10

description: A well known result of Clemens and Griffiths says that a smooth cubic threefold can be recovered from its intermediate Jacobian. In this paper we discuss the possible degenerations of these abelian varieties, and thus give a description of the compactification of the moduli space of cubic threefolds obtained in this way. The relation between this compactification and those constructed in the work of Allcock-Carlson-Toledo and Looijenga-Swierstra is also considered, and is similar in spirit to the relation between the various compactifications of the moduli spaces of low genus curves.
description: 35 pages, final version
The role of surface pigmentation for recognition revealed by contrast reversal in faces and Greebles.
Creators: name: Vuong, Quoc C.
name: Peissig, Jessie J.
name: Harrison, Marianne C.
name: Tarr, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Faces are difficult to recognize when viewed as negatives [Galper (1970). Recognition of faces in photographic negative. Psychonomic Science, 19, 207]. Here we examined the contribution of surface properties to this contrast effect, and whether it is modulated by object category. We tested observers in a matching task using faces or Greebles, presented with or without pigmentation. When stimulus pairs were shown with mismatched contrast (e.g., positive-negative), there was a decrement in performance. This decrement was larger when the stimuli were shown with pigmentation, and this difference was more pronounced with faces than with Greebles. Overall, contrast reversal disrupts the recognition of both faces and objects to a greater degree in the presence of pigmentation, suggesting that surface properties are important components of the object representation.
Asteroseismology of extreme horizontal branch (subdwarf B) stars with TESS data
Creators: name: Reed, M.D.
name: Ostensen, R.H.
name: Telting, J.H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Asteroseismology

description: During its primary mission, TESS observed over 550 of our target Subdwarf B (sdB) stars in short-cadence mode, from which we anticipate about 150 will be pulsating. This will allow an ensemble analysis of these interesting extreme horizontal branch stars, probing their interior structures. Combined with other all-sky surveys, such as GAIA, TESS data allow ensemble analyses of extreme horizontal branch stars, allowing us to probe the structure of helium-fusing cores.
Data from: Plant, insect, and soil microbial communities vary across brome invasion gradients in northern mixed-grass prairies
Creators: name: Frost, Morgan
name: Komatsu, Kimberly
name: Porensky, Lauren
name: Reinhart, Kurt
name: Wilcox, Kevin
name: Bunch, Zachary
name: Jolin, Ashley
name: Johnston, Katielyn
name: Trimas, Gracen
name: Koerner, Sally
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Arthropods
Bromus arvensis
Bromus tectorum
Herbivory
soil microbes

description: Species interactions shape native plant communities, influencing both composition and ecosystem processes, with invasion by non-native species threatening these dynamic relationships, native species, and function. The consequences of invasive plants in particular may stretch across taxa to impact plant, insect, and soil microbial communities directly and indirectly, with consequences for ecological functioning. In northern mixed-grass prairies in the United States, invasion by two annual brome grasses, Bromus arvensis and B. tectorum, negatively impacts rangeland plants; however, the simultaneous effects on insects and soil microbes (bacteria and archaea), and the implications for ecological function, have received less attention. Here, using observational field studies conducted at two mixed-grass prairie sites in Montana and Wyoming, we assessed the relationships between plants, insects, and soil microbes across gradients of invasion by B. arvensis and B. tectorum. Overall, we found differences in plant and insect communities and functional groups with increasing invasion abundance for both brome species. However, associations between invasion and the soil microbial community were species specific, as we only saw these relationships under B. tectorum invasion, implying B. tectorum may have more substantial consequences for rangeland management. While invasion by annual bromes may cause changes in certain plant and insect functional groups, such as C4 perennial grasses and certain insect herbivores, soil microbial functional groups may be less impacted, especially under B. arvensis invasion. This work sheds light on the need to explore changes in natural communities across taxa and to all invasive species, as ecosystem effects are likely to be contingent upon both.
description: Funding provided by: United States Department of AgricultureCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/01na82s61Award Number:
description: These datsets were collected from the Thunder Basin (TB) Ecoregion in Wyoming and Fort Keogh (FK) Livestock and Range Research Laboratory in Montana.
MPEC 2024-N52 : 2017 FW241
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2017 FW241

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Search for vertical stratification of metals in atmospheres of blue horizontal-branch stars
Creators: name: Khalack, V. R.
name: LeBlanc, F.
name: Behr, B. B.
name: Wade, G. A.
name: Bohlender, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed abundance peculiarities of many chemical species relative to the expected cluster metallicity in blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars presumably appear as a result of atomic diffusion in the photosphere. The slow rotation (typically $v\sin{i}$ 11,500 K supports this idea since the diffusion mechanism is only effective in a stable stellar atmosphere. In this work we search for observational evidence of vertical chemical stratification in the atmospheres of six hot BHB stars: B84, B267 and B279 in M15 and WF2-2541, WF4-3085 and WF4-3485 in M13. We undertake an abundance stratification analysis of the stellar atmospheres of the aforementioned stars, based on acquired Keck HIRES spectra. We have found from our numerical simulations that three stars (B267, B279 and WF2-2541) show clear signatures of the vertical stratification of iron whose abundance increases toward the lower atmosphere, while the other two stars (B84 and WF4-3485) do not. For WF4-3085 the iron stratification results are inconclusive. B267 also shows a signature of titanium stratification. Our estimates for radial velocity, $v\sin{i}$ and overall iron, titanium and phosphorus abundances agree with previously published data for these stars after taking the measurement errors into account. The results support the hypothesis regarding the efficiency of atomic diffusion in the stellar atmospheres of BHB stars with $T_{\rm eff}>$ 11,500 K.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
The role of spurious feature familiarity in recognition memory.
Creators: name: Diana, Rachel A.
name: Peterson, Margaret J.
name: Reder, Lynne M.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In two experiments, we investigated the role of perceptual information in spurious recognition judgments. Participants viewed lists of words in various unusual fonts. The frequency with which each font was presented was manipulated at study: Each font was presented with 1 or 12 different words in Experiment 1 and with 1 or 20 words in Experiment 2. Although the participants were instructed in a word recognition test to judge only on the basis of the word, regardless of font, there were significantly more false alarms for new words seen in a previously presented font than for new words presented in a novel (not seen at study) font in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, the participants were significantly more likely to make a false alarm to a new word seen in a font that had been used to present 20 words during study than to a font that had been used to present only 1 word during study. The data show a mirror effect, in which words tested in low-frequency fonts produced more hits and fewer false alarms than did words tested in high-frequency fonts. These results show that irrelevant perceptual information plays a role in recognition judgments by providing spurious sources of familiarity and, thus, provide evidence that perceptual information is represented and processed in the same way as semantic information.
Duplicate measures of hemoglobin mass within an hour: feasibility, reliability, and comparison of three devices in supine position
Creators: name: Andersen, Andreas Breenfeldt
name: Bonne, Thomas Christian
name: Nordsborg, Nikolai Baastrup
name: Holm-Sørensen, Henrik
name: Bejder, Jacob
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: Duplicate measure of hemoglobin mass by carbon monoxide (CO)-rebreathing is a logistical challenge as recommendations prompt several hours between measures to minimize CO-accumulation. This study investigated the feasibility and reliability of performing duplicate CO-rebreathing procedures immediately following one another. Additionally, it was evaluated whether the obtained hemoglobin mass from three different CO-rebreathing devices is comparable. Fifty-five healthy participants (22 males, 23 females) performed 222 duplicate CO-rebreathing procedures in total. Additionally, in a randomized cross-over design 10 participants completed three experimental trials, each including three CO-rebreathing procedures, with the first and second separated by 24 h and the second and third separated by 5–10 min. Each trial was separated by >48 h and conducted using either a glass-spirometer, a semi-automated electromechanical device, or a standard three-way plastic valve designed for pulmonary measurements. Hemoglobin mass was 3 ± 22 g lower (p < 0.05) at the second measure when performed immediately after the first with a typical error of 1.1%. Carboxyhemoglobin levels reached 10.9 ± 1.3%. In the randomized trial, hemoglobin mass was similar between the glass-spirometer and three-way valve, but ∼6% (∼50 g) higher for the semi-automated device. Notably, differences in hemoglobin mass were up to ∼13% (∼100 g) when device-specific recommendations for correction of CO loss to myoglobin and exhalation was followed. In conclusion, it is feasible and reliable to perform two immediate CO-rebreathing procedures. Hemoglobin mass is comparable between the glass-spirometer and the three-way plastic valve, but higher for the semi-automated device. The differences are amplified if the device-specific recommendations of CO-loss corrections are followed.
On Gradient-Based Learning in Continuous Games
Creators: name: Mazumdar, Eric
name: Ratliff, Lillian J.
name: Sastry, S. Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We formulate a general framework for competitive gradient-based learning that encompasses a wide breadth of multi-agent learning algorithms, and analyze the limiting behavior of competitive gradient-based learning algorithms using dynamical systems theory. For both general-sum and potential games, we characterize a non-negligible subset of the local Nash equilibria that will be avoided if each agent employs a gradient-based learning algorithm. We also shed light on the issue of convergence to non-Nash strategies in general- and zero-sum games, which may have no relevance to the underlying game, and arise solely due to the choice of algorithm. The existence and frequency of such strategies may explain some of the difficulties encountered when using gradient descent in zero-sum games as, e.g., in the training of generative adversarial networks. To reinforce the theoretical contributions, we provide empirical results that highlight the frequency of linear quadratic dynamic games (a benchmark for multi-agent reinforcement learning) that admit global Nash equilibria that are almost surely avoided by policy gradient.
A Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm With Two Interacting Processes: Cascade Clustering and Reference Point Incremental Learning
Creators: name: Ge, Hongwei
name: Zhao, Mingde
name: Sun, Liang
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Tan, Guozhen
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Chen, C. L. Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Researches have shown difficulties in obtaining proximity while maintaining diversity for many-objective optimization problems. Complexities of the true Pareto front pose challenges for the reference vector-based algorithms for their insufficient adaptability to the diverse characteristics with no priori. This paper proposes a many-objective optimization algorithm with two interacting processes: cascade clustering and reference point incremental learning (CLIA). In the population selection process based on cascade clustering (CC), using the reference vectors provided by the process based on incremental learning, the nondominated and the dominated individuals are clustered and sorted with different manners in a cascade style and are selected by round-robin for better proximity and diversity. In the reference vector adaptation process based on reference point incremental learning, using the feedbacks from the process based on CC, proper distribution of reference points is gradually obtained by incremental learning. Experimental studies on several benchmark problems show that CLIA is competitive compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms and has impressive efficiency and versatility using only the interactions between the two processes without incurring extra evaluations.
Approximation of slow and fast dynamics in multiscale dynamical systems by the linearized Relaxation Redistribution Method
Creators: name: Chiavazzo, Eliodoro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we introduce a fictitious dynamics for describing the only fast relaxation of a stiff ordinary differential equation (ODE) system towards a stable low-dimensional invariant manifold in the phase-space (slow invariant manifold - SIM). As a result, the demanding problem of constructing SIM of any dimensions is recast into the remarkably simpler task of solving a properly devised ODE system by stiff numerical schemes available in the literature. In the same spirit, a set of equations is elaborated for local construction of the fast subspace, and possible initialization procedures for the above equations are discussed. The implementation to a detailed mechanism for combustion of hydrogen and air has been carried out, while a model with the exact Chapman-Enskog solution of the invariance equation is utilized as a benchmark.
description: accepted in J. Comp. Phys
Quantum interaction between two gravitationally polarizable objects in presence of boundaries
Creators: name: Yu, Hongwei
name: Yang, Zhao
name: Wu, Puxun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, in the framework of the linearized quantum gravity and the leading-order perturbation theory, the quantum correction to the classical Newtonian interaction between a pair of gravitationally polarizable objects in the presence of both Neumann and Dirichlet boundaries. We obtain general results for the interaction potential and find that the presence of a boundary always strengthens in the leading-order the interaction as compared with the case in absence of boundaries. But different boundaries yield a different degree of strengthening. In the limit when one partner of the pair is placed very close to the Neumann boundary, the interaction potential is larger when the pair is parallel with the boundary than when it is perpendicular to, which is just opposite to the case when the boundary is Dirichlet where the latter is larger than the former. In addition, we find that the pair-boundary separation dependence of the higher-order correction term is determined by the orientation of the pair with respect to boundary, with the parallel case giving a quadratic behavior and the perpendicular case a linear one.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure, PRD accepted
Validation of anomalous Cepheids with TESS
Creators: name: Plachy, Emese
name: Bódi, Attila
name: Pál, András
name: Molnár, László
name: Szabados, László
name: Tarczay-Nehéz, Dóra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stellar Astrophysics

description: TESS has a significant advantage in variable star classification over all-sky surveys that work with sparsely sampled photometric data. Beyond the classical problem of misidentified eclipsing and rotational variables among the pulsating stars, confusion between Cepheid types also exists. Here we focus on the anomalous Cepheid type of stars that lie in between Type I and II Cepheids regarding masses and luminosities. They represent the most metal poor and the least numerous type of Cepheids, for which evolutionary channels are a matter of debate. Their observed pulsation periods range between 0.3 to 2.7 days overlapping with the other Cepheids types and RR Lyrae stars, and their light curve shapes are very similar to each other. Photometric data alone are often not adequate to distinguish them, therefore only a handful of variable catalogs list anomalous Cepheids as an independent type. In this study we explore the potential of TESS in the validation of anomalous Cepheid candidates by investigating full-frame image light curves prepared with our differential photometric pipeline.
The Role of Psychological Characteristics in the Relation Between Socioeconomic Status and Perceived Health
Creators: name: Cohen, Sheldon
name: Kaplan, George A
name: Salonen, Jukka T
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Personslow in socioeconomic status (SES) suffer from relatively poor health. This relation holds, irrespective of whether SES is measured as education, income, or occupation. Moreover, it is found for rates of mortality and morbidity from almost every diseasecondition (Antonovsky, 1967; Illsley & Baker, 1991; Kaplan, Haan, Syme, Minkler, & Winkleby, 1987; Syme & Berkman, 1976). Although many authors have focused on comparing individuals at the very bot- tom of the SES hierarchy to those who are better off, a number have emphasized that there is evidence for an association between increasing SES and increasing health at every level of the SES hierarchy, not just in comparisons with those below the threshold of poverty (e.g., Adler et al., 1994; Haan, Kaplan, & Syme, 1989; Marmot, Kogevinas, & Elston, 1987).
Systematic coarse-graining of the dynamics of entangled polymer melts: the road from chemistry to rheology
Creators: name: Padding, J. T.
name: Briels, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For optimal processing and design of entangled polymeric materials it is important to establish a rigorous link between the detailed molecular composition of the polymer and the viscoelastic properties of the macroscopic melt. We review current and past computer simulation techniques and critically assess their ability to provide such a link between chemistry and rheology. We distinguish between two classes of coarse-graining levels, which we term coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) and coarse-grained stochastic dynamics (CGSD). In CGMD the coarse-grained beads are still relatively hard, thus automatically preventing bond crossing. This also implies an upper limit on the number of atoms that can be lumped together and therefore on the longest chain lengths that can be studied. To reach a higher degree of coarse-graining, in CGSD many more atoms are lumped together, leading to relatively soft beads. In that case friction and stochastic forces dominate the interactions, and actions must be undertaken to prevent bond crossing. We also review alternative methods that make use of the tube model of polymer dynamics, by obtaining the entanglement characteristics through a primitive path analysis and by simulation of a primitive chain network. We finally review super-coarse-grained methods in which an entire polymer is represented by a single particle, and comment on ways to include memory effects and transient forces.
description: Topical review, 31 pages, 10 figures