cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Clarifying the solar wind heat-flux instabilities
Creators: name: Shaaban, S. M.
name: Lazar, M.
name: Poedts, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the solar wind electron velocity distributions reveal two counter-moving populations which may induce electromagnetic (EM) beaming instabilities known as heat flux instabilities. Depending on plasma parameters two distinct branches of whistler and firehose instabilities can be excited. These instabilities are invoked in many scenarios, but their interplay is still poorly understood. An exact numerical analysis is performed to resolve the linear Vlasov-Maxwell dispersion and characterize these two instabilities, e.g., growth rates, wave frequencies and thresholds, enabling to identify their dominance for conditions typically experienced in space plasmas. Of particular interest are the effects of suprathermal Kappa-distributed electrons which are ubiquitous in these environments. The dominance of whistler or firehose instability is highly conditioned by the beam-core relative velocity, core plasma beta and the abundance of suprathermal electrons. Derived in terms of relative drift velocity the instability thresholds show an inverse correlation with the core plasma beta for the whistler modes, and a direct correlation with the core plasma beta for the firehose instability. Suprathermal electrons reduce the effective (beaming) anisotropy inhibiting the firehose modes while the whistler instability is stimulated.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Optimal Sample Size Planning for the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney-Test
Creators: name: Happ, Martin
name: Bathke, Arne C.
name: Brunner, Edgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G99, 62K05

description: There are many different proposed procedures for sample size planning for the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test at given type-I and type-II error rates $α$ and $β$, respectively. Most methods assume very specific models or types of data in order to simplify calculations (for example, ordered categorical or metric data, location shift alternatives, etc.). We present a unified approach that covers metric data with and without ties, count data, ordered categorical data, and even dichotomous data. For that, we calculate the unknown theoretical quantities such as the variances under the null and relevant alternative hypothesis by considering the following `synthetic data' approach. We evaluate data whose empirical distribution functions match with the theoretical distribution functions involved in the computations of the unknown theoretical quantities. Then well-known relations for the ranks of the data are used for the calculations. In addition to computing the necessary sample size $N$ for a fixed allocation proportion $t = n_1/N$, where $n_1$ is the sample size in the first group and $N = n_1 + n_2$ is the total sample size, we provide an interval for the optimal allocation rate $t$ which minimizes the total sample size $N$. It turns out that for certain distributions, a balanced design is optimal. We give a characterization of these distributions. Furthermore we show that the optimal choice of $t$ depends on the ratio of the two variances which determine the variance of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney statistic under the alternative. This is different from an optimal sample size allocation in case of the normal distribution model.
Regular Stringy Black Holes?
Creators: name: Cano, Pablo A.
name: Chimento, Samuele
name: Ortin, Tomas
name: Ruiperez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the first-order $α'$ corrections to the singular 4-dimensional massless stringy black holes studied in the nineties in the context of the Heterotic Superstring. We show that the $α'$ corrections not only induce a non-vanishing mass and give rise to an event horizon, but also eliminate the singularity giving rise to a regular spacetime whose global structure includes further asymptotically flat regions in which the spacetime's mass is positive or negative. We study the timelike and null geodesics and their effective potential, showing that the spacetime is geodesically complete. We discuss the validity of this solution, arguing that the very interesting and peculiar properties of the solution are associated to the negative energy contributions coming from the terms quadratic in the curvature. As a matter of fact, the 10-dimensional configuration is singular. We extract some general lessons on attempts to eliminate black-hole singularities by introducing terms of higher order in the curvature.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Supplementary Table S3 from Shake it off: Exploring drivers and outcomes of autotomy in marine invertebrates
Creators: name: Jobson, Sara
name: Hamel, Jean-FranÃ§ois
name: Mercier, Annie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Frequency of injury data adapted from Lindsay (1). Autotomic behavior is categorized either as “Y”, indicating a published record of the behavior occurring or “NR”, indicating that there is no published evidence to suggest autotomy is present in the species. Incidence of injury represents the average percent of injured individuals in the sampled population. A dash (-) indicates that a citation was not applicable/available.
Pricing American options - aspects of computation
Creators: name: Plavsic, Milos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: An American option is a type of option that can be exercised at any time up to its expiration. American options are generally hard to value, as there is no closed-form solution for the price of an American option. When there are multiple stochastic factors in the equation, the usual solution methods – binomial trees and finite difference approaches – become infeasible. Therefore, only estimators based on Monte Carlo simulation can provide good quality results. The Least-square Monte Carlo method (LSM) is the most widely used Monte Carlo-based algorithm in the financial industry. In this thesis, the LSM algorithm and associated literature are reviewed and analysed. The first major contribution is the identification of the basic powers polynomial of 4th order as the most efficient basis polynomial for the least-squares regression within the LSM simulation. The conclusion is also drawn that the performance of LSM depends on both the number of time-steps and the number of simulated paths. Another significant finding in this thesis is that, for every option being valued with a predetermined number of paths, an 'optimal' number of time-steps exists for which the estimator's mean is closest to the exact value of the option. It is proved that, in the case of the LSM algorithm, the general belief that Monte Carlo simulations become more and more efficient with the increase in the number of iterations within the simulation does not necessarily hold. The proposed Average of Batch of LSM Estimates (ABO-LSME) approach calculates the average of multiple optimal LSM estimates within the same or less time than needed for the original LSM estimate and, surprisingly, yields more precise results than the original LSM approach. The basis of the newly introduced Bundled LSM (BLSM) algorithm is an LSM algorithm in which all of the in-the-money paths at each time-step are sorted (similar to Tilley's bundling algorithm, except only in-the-money paths are sorted) and divided into a predetermined number of bundles, to which separate least-squares regressions are applied. This method provides much more stable and precise results than the original LSM algorithm. When optimal BLSM is compared to the optimal LSM algorithm, the superiority of the BLSM estimator becomes clear. BLSM provides results with lower relative errors and RMSEs, around two times faster than optimal LSM.
Arsenate Adsorption on Mineral Surface in the Absence and Presence of Oil
Creators: name: Wainipee, Wimolporn
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Oil spills are a hazard during exploration activities in aqueous environments. The spilled oil can coat sediments and changes the adsorption capacities of the minerals. To constrain this process, arsenate (AsV) adsorption on natural and oil-coated mineral surface was investigated using batch experiments. Arsenate was chosen because of its high concentration in oil and its high toxicity to marine organisms. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and mechanisms were assessed. Solutions with low and high pH and ionic strengths (I) were used to mimic relevant environmental conditions and goethite, illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite, and chlorite were chosen as they are typically found in sediments. Isotherms show that AsV adsorption on natural and oil-coated clay minerals follows the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic equilibrium is reached between 2 and 24 h and is delayed on oil-coated minerals. The adsorption capacity is reduced on oil-coated minerals because of surface area reduction except for montmorillonite where the surface area is increased due to dispersion of the mineral in water. Adsorption increases at lower pH on both natural and oil-coated minerals because the affinity of the negatively charged AsV oxyanion is higher for positively charged surfaces. At the same pH, maximum adsorption capacity is slightly higher at higher I. Spectroscopic investigations suggest that AsV adsorption occurs via an inner-sphere complex on the mineral surface. For clay minerals, AsV adsorption on basal surface via Na+ bridging is also important. Oil coating changes the adsorption enthalpy and entropy suggesting important effects of the oil on bonding structures and complexes. Simple compensation plots show that the adsorption of AsV on oil-coated minerals is entropy-controlled. In conclusion, oil coating not only reduces the adsorption capacity of minerals but also affects bonding structures and energies. These effects must to be taken into account in oil exploration and future risk assessment.
Lattice decoding for multi-input multi-output communications
Creators: name: Liu, Shuiyin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2011

description: This thesis is concerned with decoding for wireless communications. In particular, computationally efficient lattice decoding algorithms are exploited to further improve the system performance. Based on this idea, five technical chapters are presented in this thesis. In Chapter 2, we propose novel lattice decoding based on segment Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovász (LLL) algorithm to further reduce the decoding complexity of coded Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) cooperative channel. In particular, we extend the original segment LLL algorithm to the complex version, and prove that it can achieve the optimal diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT). In Chapter 3, we present randomized lattice decoding based on Klein's sampling technique, which is a randomized version of Babai's nearest plane algorithm (i.e., successive interference cancellation). We analyze and optimize the performance of randomized lattice decoding resulting in reduced decoding complexity, and propose a very efficient implementation of random rounding. Chapter 4 is concerned with bounded distance decoding (BDD) based embedding technique. The embedding technique is used to reduce the γ-BDD problem to 1/(2γ)-unique shortest vector problem 1/(2γ)-uSVP). WE prove that the Lenstra, Lenstra and Lovász (LLL) algorithm can achieve 1/(2γ)-BDD for γ ≈ O(2n) for embedding decoding. We also prove that BDD of the regularized lattice is optimal in terms of the DMT. In Chapter 5, we present a detailed study of the soft output MIMO decoding. We show that the randomized decoding algorithm is an efficient way to compute soft output. In order to improve soft output quality, we propose variants of soft output decoding based on the sampling technique and embedding technique. Moreover, we derive a lower bound on the search radius for which list-based decoding can provide a near optimal solution to soft output. In Chapter 6, the performance limits of lattice reduction-aided precoding are investigated. The proximity factor is defined to measure the worst-case transmission power gap to sphere precoding. The second moment over precoding region is defined to measure the average-case transmission power loss. Afterward, low dimension lattice precoding is proposed to further reduce the transmission power.
Oral history interview with Oscar De Sylva 1974
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chemists
Plastics in packaging
Packaging--Research
Research, Industrial
Consolidation and merger of corporations

description: The Depression; chemist for Shellmar; lamination research, 1930s; pliofilm, cellophane, cellulose acetate, development of lacquers; packaging for army rations; gas capes and aircraft engine bag development, World War II; lead foil structures; developmental and service lab expansion; saran, polyester, mylar packaging; merger with Continental Can, changes in research and development organization; metalized products development; association with Interchemical; squeeze bag margarine; flexible package manual; Polaroid film development; research department move to Chicago; installation of Production Engineering Department; importance of ethical rapport with customers; new developments in flexible packaging.
A supersymmetric Type IIB Randall-Sundrum realization
Creators: name: Duff, M. J.
name: Liu, James T.
name: Stelle, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an earlier domain wall solution of type IIB supergravity provides a supersymmetric realization of the Randall-Sundrum brane-world, and give its ten-dimensional interpretation in terms of IIB 3-branes. We also explain how previous no-go theorems are circumvented. In particular, whereas D=5 supergravity scalars have AdS_5 energy E_0 <= 4 and are unable to support a D=5 positive tension brane, our scalar has E_0=8, and is the breathing mode of the S^5 compactification. Another essential element of the construction is the implementation of a Z_2 symmetry by patching together compactifications with opposite signs for their 5-form field strengths. This is thus a IIB analogue of a previous D=5 3-brane realization of the Horava-Witten orbifold. A mode-locking phenomenon avoids the appearance of negative energy zero-modes in spite of the necessity of a D=10 negative tension brane-source.
description: 24 pages, latex
Floating Gate ISFET Chemical Inverters: for Semiconductor Based Biomedical Applications
Creators: name: Al-Ahdal, Abdulrahman Ghaleb I.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) have long been used as analogue chemical sensors particularly for biomedical applications. However, there are some applications where a "yes" / "no" type answer regarding pH change is sufficient. For example, in DNA sequencing the question is whether a chain extension reaction took place or not. Detecting this at the sensing point reduces the sensing process to pH change threshold detection. It eliminates the need for analogue to digital conversion and facilitates an all digital sensory system. This thesis presents Novel Floating Gate ISFET based Chemical Inverters that were created with semiconductor based biomedical applications in mind. It starts by allowing two ISFETs to share the same ion sensing membrane and a common floating gate. Arranging them in a simple FG inverter configuration, their switching may be triggered by either the reference voltage or chemical pH change. In order to enhance its input noise immunity, a chemical Schmitt Trigger is presented. Using ISFETs for the detection of minute pH changes have been a challenge. A simple method to locally scale input referred chemical signal at the ISFET's floating gate is presented. It is based on using the ratio of capacitive coupling to the floating gate. The chemical signal is coupled via the passivation capacitance (Cpass) while an electrical input (V2) is coupled via a poly capacitance (C2). V2 sees the chemical signal with a scaling of Cpass/C2, which can be designed. Finally, ISFETs suffer from initial trapped charges that cause mismatch between devices in the same die. A fast matching method is presented here, that can be used to hugely reduce mismatch of arrays of FG devices. It is based on using indirect bidirectional tunnelling. Two tunnelling structures are added to each ISFET's FG, one adds electrons to it while the other removes them. It is possible to match all ISFETs' initial FG voltages to a point where both tunnelling currents reach equilibrium.
Robust Control of High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Novel Lift Effectors
Creators: name: Cook, Robert Graham
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: High-Altitude Long-Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (HALE UAVs) have been the focus for many researchers in the past decades, and are becoming more and more attainable as technology is improving. Recent interest into solar-powered HALE UAVs is leading the way to achieving flight-times which are not limited by a requirement for refuelling, and could continue for months at a time. Such aircraft have huge potential in providing reconnaissance or communications services, and could potentially take on the usual roles of satellites as a much cheaper alternative. One area of HALE UAV design which requires further technological developments is automated control of trajectory, and active alleviation of gusts. The latter concern is of particular interest to this thesis. In this work, a coupled flight dynamics and aeroelastic methodology will be introduced. This approach features a geometrically-exact beam model, which is required to capture the large deformations expected in such flexible aircraft, along with unsteady aerodynamics. The intrinsically nonlinear system is then linearised to provide an approximation to the system dynamics which is more approachable for control synthesis. With a linearisation of the system, robust linear control methods are applied to derive a controller which can reduce the loading onto the system, while simultaneously stabilising it and providing some degree of robustness which can still perform given the unmodelled dynamics that appear in the nonlinear system. This linear control approach will be investigated on two types of HALE UAV with very different dynamic responses to determine how well such control methods deal with nonlinearities, and what the limitations of such an approach may be to apply in real-life. In addition, various novel control effectors will be then considered for gust alleviation of a very flexible aircraft, using the closed-loop control as a method to fairly assess their effectiveness.
Weak Dirac bracket construction and the superparticle covariant quantization problem
Creators: name: Deriglazov, A. A.
name: Galajinsky, A. V.
name: Lyakhovich, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general procedure of constructing a consistent covariant Dirac-type bracket for models with mixed first and second class constraints is presented. The proposed scheme essentially relies upon explicit separation of the initial constraints into infinitely reducible first and second class ones (by making use of some appropriately constructed covariant projectors). Reducibility of the second class constraints involved manifests itself in weakening some properties of the bracket as compared to the standard Dirac one. In particular, a commutation of any quantity with the second class constraints and the Jacobi identity take place on the second class constraints surface only. The developed procedure is realized for N=1 Brink--Schwarz superparticle in arbitrary dimension and for N=1, D=9 massive superparticle with Wess--Zumino term. A possibility to apply the bracket for quantizing the superparticles within the framework of the recent unified algebra approach by Batalin and Tyutin [20--22] is examined. In particular, it is shown that for D=9 massive superparticle it is impossible to construct Dirac-type bracket possessing (strong) Jacobi identity in a full phase space.
description: 21 pages, LaTeX
Novel technologies for high sensitivity analyte detection
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Miki
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2012

description: Microfluidic devices are attracting interest for point-of-care diagnostics due to their low unit cost, low reagent and sample usage, fast analysis times and portability. Fluorescence is the most widely used detection method in microfluidics due to its high sensitivity, excellent dynamic range, ease of implementation and non-invasive nature. Fluorescence detection has accordingly been widely used for the interrogation of microfluidic devices, with the majority of reports to date having used non-integrated laser excitation sources coupled with off-chip optics and photodetectors. For point-of-care applications, there is a growing need for self-contained systems which incorporate the microfluidic chip and all associated optical components into a compact, low-cost package. Highly compact systems of this kind would eliminate the need for expensive dedicated bench-top instrumentation. As such they would find multiple uses in the home, ambulance and GP’s surgery, where their ability to provide immediate and/or frequent testing would enable faster, more responsive and ultimately more successful treatment. Work undertaken in this thesis focuses on developing highly sensitive analyte detection systems that would enable the use of cheap optical and electronic components. To accomplish this, two separate methods, based on optical filters and time-gated detection of phosphorescent polymer beads, were investigated. We describe a simple technique for fabricating non-emissive colour filters based on the sensitisation of a highly porous nanostructured metal-oxide film with a monolayer of dye molecules. The resultant filters exhibit much less autofluorescence than conventional colour filters, and are a viable low cost alternative to interference filters. In separate work Ru(dpp)3-doped polystyrene/bisphenol A diglycidyl ether polymer phosphorescent beads developed by Dr. Edwards (Imperial College London) were used to demonstrate the feasibility of highly sensitive of low-cost time-gated detection. This method was applied to a simple biotin assay to show their bio-assay applicability.
Bayesian forecasting of mortality rates using latent Gaussian models
Creators: name: Alexopoulos, Angelos
name: Dellaportas, Petros
name: Forster, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide forecasts for mortality rates by using two different approaches. First we employ dynamic non-linear logistic models based on Heligman-Pollard formula. Second, we assume that the dynamics of the mortality rates can be modelled through a Gaussian Markov random field. We use efficient Bayesian methods to estimate the parameters and the latent states of the proposed models. Both methodologies are tested with past data and are used to forecast mortality rates both for large (UK and Wales) and small (New Zealand) populations up to 21 years ahead. We demonstrate that predictions for individual survivor functions and other posterior summaries of demographic and actuarial interest are readily obtained. Our results are compared with other competing forecasting methods.
description: 26 pages, 8 Figures
Oral history interview with Oscar E. Collins 1974
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Machinists
Containers
Factory management

description: Apprentice machinist, Seattle Astoria Iron Works, 1917; summer job canning for Pacific American Canneries, 1924; Continental Can take-over of Troyer-Fox, 1928; unionization, 1936; the Depression, World War II, making parts for Boeing; discussion of apprenticeship, timing jobs, hours, wages, promotion, safety and ventilation of plants, politics, pension.
Tenthredo septentrionalis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Tenthredo
Tenthredo septentrionalis

description: Tenthredo septentrionalis [spec. nov.]
T. antennis septemnodiis, pedibus posticis compressis dilatatis.
Habitat in Europa. T. Holm. M. D. Danus.
Antennae nigrae. Caput nigrum. Thorax niger. Abdomen cylindricum, ferrugineum, basi nigrum. Pedes ferruginei. Tibiae posticae basi albae, versus apicem duplici articulo compressae & dilatatae in figuram semicordatam, sed verticalem.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 557-558, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Interplay of Magnetism and Transport in HoBi
Creators: name: Yang, H. -Y.
name: Gaudet, J.
name: Aczel, A. A.
name: Graf, D. E.
name: Blaha, P.
name: Gaulin, B. D.
name: Tafti, Fazel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of an extreme magnetoresistance (XMR) in HoBi with a large magnetic moment from Ho f-electrons. Neutron scattering is used to determine the magnetic wave vectors across several metamagnetic (MM) transitions on the phase diagram of HoBi. Unlike other magnetic rare-earth monopnictides, the field dependence of resistivity in HoBi is non-monotonic and reveals clear signatures of every metamagnetic transition in the low-temperature and low-field regime, at T < 2 K and H < 2.3 T. The XMR appears at H > 2.3 T after all the metamagnetic transitions are complete and the system is spin-polarized by the external magnetic field. The existence of an onset field for XMR and the intimate connection between magnetism and transport in HoBi are unprecedented among the magnetic rare-earth monopnictides. Therefore, HoBi provides a unique opportunity to understand the electrical transport in magnetic XMR semimetals.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
MOESM1 of Cadherin 13: Human cis-Regulation and Selectively Altered Addiction Phenotypes and Cerebral Cortical Dopamine in Knockout Mice
Creators: name: Drgonova, Jana
name: Walther, Donna
name: G. Hartstein
name: Bukhari, Mohammad
name: Baumann, Michael
name: Katz, Jonathan
name: F. Hall
name: Arnold, Elizabeth
name: Flax, Shaun
name: Riley, Anthony
name: Rivero, Olga
name: Klaus-Peter Lesch
name: Troncoso, Juan
name: Ranscht, Barbara
name: Uhl, George
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Human Cis-Regulation and Selectively Altered Addiction Phenotypes and Cerebral Cortical Dopamine in Knockout Mice
A Domain Translation Framework with an Adversarial Denoising Diffusion Model to Generate Synthetic Datasets of Echocardiography Images
Creators: name: Tiago, Cristiana
name: Snare, Sten Roar
name: Sprem, Jurica
name: McLeod, Kristin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Currently, medical image domain translation operations show a high demand from researchers and clinicians. Amongst other capabilities, this task allows the generation of new medical images with sufficiently high image quality, making them clinically relevant. Deep Learning (DL) architectures, most specifically deep generative models, are widely used to generate and translate images from one domain to another. The proposed framework relies on an adversarial Denoising Diffusion Model (DDM) to synthesize echocardiography images and perform domain translation. Contrary to Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), DDMs are able to generate high quality image samples with a large diversity. If a DDM is combined with a GAN, this ability to generate new data is completed at an even faster sampling time. In this work we trained an adversarial DDM combined with a GAN to learn the reverse denoising process, relying on a guide image, making sure relevant anatomical structures of each echocardiography image were kept and represented on the generated image samples. For several domain translation operations, the results verified that such generative model was able to synthesize high quality image samples: MSE: 11.50 +/- 3.69, PSNR (dB): 30.48 +/- 0.09, SSIM: 0.47 +/- 0.03. The proposed method showed high generalization ability, introducing a framework to create echocardiography images suitable to be used for clinical research purposes.
Trace anomaly and Casimir effect
Creators: name: Setare, M. R.
name: Rezaeian, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir energy for scalar field of two parallel conductor in two dimensional domain wall background, with Dirichlet boundary conditions, is calculated by making use of general properties of renormalized stress tensor.We show that vacuum expectation values of stress tensor contain two terms which come from the boundary conditions and the gravitational background. In two dimensions the minimal coupling reduces to the conformal coupling and stress tensor can be obtained by the local and non-local contribution of the anomalous trace. This work shows that there exists a subtle relation between Casimir effect and trace anomaly in curved space time.
description: 6pages, Latex. Journal-ref added
Elastic capsules at liquid-liquid interfaces
Creators: name: Hegemann, Jonas
name: Boltz, Horst-Holger
name: Kierfeld, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the deformation of elastic microcapsules adsorbed at liquid-liquid interfaces. An initially spherical elastic capsule at a liquid-liquid interface undergoes circumferential stretching due to the liquid-liquid surface tension and becomes lens- or discus-shaped, depending on its bending rigidity. The resulting elastic capsule deformation is qualitatively similar, but distinct from the deformation of a liquid droplet into a liquid lens at a liquid-liquid interface. We discuss the deformed shapes of droplets and capsules adsorbed at liquid-liquid interfaces for a whole range of different surface elasticities: from droplets (only surface tension) deforming into liquid lenses, droplets with a Hookean membrane (finite stretching modulus, zero bending modulus) deforming into elastic lenses, to microcapsules (finite stretching and bending modulus) deforming into rounded elastic lenses. We calculate capsule shapes at liquid-liquid interfaces numerically using shape equations from nonlinear elastic shell theory. Finally, we present theoretical results for the contact angle (or the capsule height) and the maximal capsule curvature at the three phase contact line. These results can be used to infer information about the elastic moduli from optical measurements. During capsule deformation into a lens-like shape, surface energy of the liquid-liquid interface is converted into elastic energy of the capsule shell giving rise to an overall adsorption energy gain by deformation. Soft hollow capsules exhibit a pronounced increase of the adsorption energy as compared to filled soft particles and, thus, are attractive candidates as foam and emulsion stabilizers.
MOESM1 of α-Linoleic Acid Enhances the Capacity of α1-Antitrypsin to Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-1β in Human Blood Neutrophils
Creators: name: Aggarwal, Nupur
name: Korenbaum, Elena
name: Mahadeva, Ravi
name: Immenschuh, Stephan
name: Grau, Veronika
name: Dinarello, Charles
name: Welte, Tobias
name: Janciauskiene, Sabina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology

description: α-Linoleic Acid Enhances the Capacity of α1-Antitrypsin to Inhibit Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-1β in Human Blood Neutrophils
Electric Dipole Radiation from Spinning Dust Grains
Creators: name: Draine, B. T.
name: Lazarian, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the rotational excitation of small interstellar grains and the resulting electric dipole radiation from spinning dust. Attention is given to excitation and damping of rotation by: collisions with neutrals; collisions with ions; plasma drag; emission of infrared radiation; emission of microwave radiation; photoelectric emission; and formation of H_2 on the grain surface. We introduce dimensionless functions F and G which allow direct comparison of the contributions of different mechanisms to rotational drag and excitation. Emissivities are estimated for dust in different phases of the interstellar medium, including diffuse HI, warm HI, low-density photoionized gas, and cold molecular gas. Spinning dust grains can explain much, and perhaps all, of the 14-50 GHz background component recently observed in CBR studies. It should be possible to detect rotational emission from small grains by ground-based observations of molecular clouds.
description: 59 pages, 19 eps figures, uses aaspp4.sty . Submitted to Ap.J
Cosolvenseinfluss auf die Struktur und Dynamik ausgewählter Proteinsysteme
Creators: name: Schummel, Paul Hendrik
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Proteine
subject: Cosolventien
subject: Druck
subject: Spektroskopie
subject: Streumethoden
subject: 540
subject: Spektroskopie
subject: Proteine
subject: Druck

description: Ein Überleben von Organismen unter extremen Umweltbedingungen, wie beispielsweise hohe Drücke, hohe und tiefe Temperaturen oder extreme pH-Werte, ist nur durch das genaue Zusammenspiel verschiedener Faktoren möglich. Ein entscheidender Faktor für die Stabilität und Aktivität der Proteine ist die native dreidimensionale Proteinstruktur, die in der Aminosäuresequenz codiert ist. Die Stabilität von Proteinen gegenüber extremen Temperaturen und Drücken kann jedoch auch durch Osmolyte beeinflusst werden. Oftmals sind Osmolyte in vivo anzutreffen, um schädliche Umwelteinflüsse auf biomolekulare Systeme zu kompensieren. Der Fokus dieser Dissertation liegt in der Evaluation des Einflusses der physikalischen Parameter Druck und Temperatur bei Anwesenheit verschiedener Osmolyte und molekularer Crowder auf das Zusammenspiel von Struktur, Dynamik und Stabilität verschiedener Proteinsysteme.
Tenthredo 12-punctata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Tenthredinidae
Tenthredo
Tenthredo 12-Punctata

description: Tenthredo 12-punctata [spec. nov.]
T. antennis septemnodiis, corpore atro: punctis 12 albis.
Habitat in Europa.
Corpus totum nigrum. Macula alba utrinque ante alas in thorace. Scutellum album Tria segmenta abdominis macula utrinque alba. Ultimum segmentum abdominis apice album. Femora secundi paris macula alba. Tibiae annulo flavo. Labia flava.
* * * * * Antennis setaceis articulis plurimis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 558, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Fachintegrierte Sprachförderung in der Primarstufe: Konzeptevaluation und Studien zur Implementation am 'research to practice gap'
Creators: name: Elstrodt-Wefing, Nadine
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sprachförderung
subject: Primarstufe
subject: Scaffolding
subject: 360
subject: 370
subject: Sprachförderung
subject: Grundschule

description: Es wird ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen schulischem Erfolg und bildungssprachlichen Kompetenzen vermutet. Unzureichende Kompetenzen in diesem Bereich werden häufig als mögliche Erklärung für Disparitäten im Bildungserfolg bei Kindern unterschiedlicher Herkunft herangezogen. Um alle Kinder zu Bildungserfolg führen zu können, wurden sowohl international als auch in Deutschland verschiedene methodisch-didaktische Konzepte zur fachintegrierten Förderung bildungssprachlicher Kompetenzen entwickelt, denen häufig das Konzept des Scaffoldings zugrunde liegt. Dabei werden Schülerinnen und Schüler mithilfe einer systematischen Planung von Sprachhandlungen und Strukturen unter Berücksichtigung ihrer individuellen Entwicklungsstände sowohl sprachlich als auch fachlich gefördert und die Lehrkraft bietet den SuS ein individuell maßgeschneidertes Gerüst an sprachlichen Hilfestellungen an. Die Fragen nach differenziellen Effekten des Scaffoldings und deren Stabilität konnten bisher nicht geklärt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird das Scaffolding im Primarbereich aus drei Perspektiven beleuchtet: (1) In einem systematischen Review (2) Im Rahmen einer Befragung von Grundschullehrkräften in einem Mixed-Methods-Design und (3) in der Weiterentwicklung und Erprobung eines Messinstruments zum Scaffolding für den Primarbereich. Insgesamt konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Lehrkraft und die ihrerseits vorgenommenen Adaptionen des Scaffoldings eine zentrale Rolle bei der Umsetzung fachintegrierter Sprachförderung spielen. Die genannten Einflussfaktoren, deren Zusammenhänge und die Implementationsqualität des Scaffoldings müssen zukünftig noch intensiv untersucht werden.
Deformed fields and Moyal construction of deformed super Virasoro algebra
Creators: name: Kemmoku, R.
name: Sato, H. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studied is the deformation of super Virasoro algebra proposed by Belov and Chaltikhian. Starting from abstract realizations in terms of the FFZ type generators, various connections of them to other realizations are shown, especially to deformed field representations, whose bosonic part generator is recently reported as a deformed string theory on a noncommutative world-sheet. The deformed Virasoro generators can also be expressed in terms of ordinary free fields in a highly nontrivial way.
description: neutral fields are replaced by complex fields almost everywhere in Sects. 6 and 7
Oral history interview with Oscar Ratnoff, 1991
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Hemophilia--History.--United States
Hemophilia--Social aspects
Hemophilia--Political aspects
AIDS (Disease)--History.--United States
Blood--Coagulation
Physicians

description: Early interest during medical school in chronic disease; post World War II training in hematology and research; clinical experience with patients with blood clotting disorders and simultaneous research into same; discovery of the difference between Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor; resistance to advent of home treatment of hemophilia with freeze-dried concentrate due to perceived risk of transmitting hepatitis; advent of AIDS in hemophilia community; discovery of discrepancies in health of immune system based on the use of cryoprecipitate versus lyophilized blood product; resistance to this discovery in the hemophilia community; interest throughout career in questioning popular theories and where that interest came from; work with Dr. David Agle on psychology and blood-clotting disorders; psychosocial aspects of hemophilia treatment, denial, isolation, etc.; resistance to comprehensive care model of hemophilia treatment; other physicians’ resistance to his discoveries; aspects of the hemophilia "community"; future of hemophilia care and perceived drawbacks to new technologies; economic aspects of hemophilia treatment
Nature of the energy source powering solar coronal loops driven by nanoflares
Creators: name: Chitta, L. P.
name: Peter, H.
name: Solanki, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic energy is required to heat the corona, the outer atmosphere of the Sun, to millions of degrees. We study the nature of the magnetic energy source that is probably responsible for the brightening of coronal loops driven by nanoflares in the cores of solar active regions. We consider observations of two active regions (ARs), 11890 and 12234, in which nanoflares have been detected. To this end, we use ultraviolet (UV) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) for coronal loop diagnostics. These images are combined with the co-temporal line-of-sight magnetic field maps from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard SDO to investigate the connection between coronal loops and their magnetic roots in the photosphere. The core of these ARs exhibit loop brightening in multiple EUV channels of AIA, particularly in its 9.4 nm filter. The HMI magnetic field maps reveal the presence of a complex mixed polarity magnetic field distribution at the base of these loops. We detect the cancellation of photospheric magnetic flux at these locations at a rate of about $10^{15}$ Mx s$^{-1}$. The associated compact coronal brightenings directly above the cancelling magnetic features are indicative of plasma heating due to chromospheric magnetic reconnection. We suggest that the complex magnetic topology and the evolution of magnetic field, such as flux cancellation in the photosphere and the resulting chromospheric reconnection, can play an important role in energizing active region coronal loops driven by nanoflares. Our estimate of magnetic energy release during flux cancellation in the quiet Sun suggests that chromospheric reconnection can also power the quiet corona.
description: A&A Letters (in press)
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LIPID PROFILE AND OESTRADIOL IN PRE-AND POST-MENOPAUSE WOMEN
Creators: name: Sathiyabama. G
name: Manisha. V
name: Hemavathy. R
name: Sheela. P
name: Dr. Manonmani. K
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pre-Menopause, Post Menopause, Estradiol ,Lipid Profile.

description: Abstract

Menopause, characterized by the permanent cessation of menstruation due to ovarian activity decline, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in women. This study aimed to investigate the effects of menopause on lipid profile changes and their potential correlation with estrogen levels. A quantitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed, utilizing purposive sampling. The study comprised a total of 100 participants, including 50 pre-menopausal and 50 post-menopausal women. The findings revealed significant decreases in estradiol levels, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, while total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels showed significant increases among post-menopausal women. The observed changes in lipid profile were found to be directly correlated with estrogen fluctuations. Consequently, menopause poses an elevated risk for coronary heart diseases due to the increase in total cholesterol and LDL levels, coupled with a decline in HDL levels. These findings emphasize the importance of monitoring lipid profiles and managing cardiovascular risk factors in menopausal women.
Cosmology with Gravitational Wave/Fast Radio Burst Associations
Creators: name: Wei, Jun-Jie
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
name: Gao, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, some theoretical models predicted that a small fraction of fast radio bursts (FRBs) could be associated with gravitational waves (GWs). In this work, we discuss the possibility of using GW/FRB association systems, if commonly detected in the future, as a complementary cosmic probe. We propose that upgraded standard sirens can be constructed from the joint measurements of luminosity distances $D_{L}$ derived from GWs and dispersion measures ${\rm DM_{IGM}}$ derived from FRBs (i.e., the combination $D_{L}\cdot{\rm DM_{IGM}}$). Moreover, unlike the traditional standard-siren approach (i.e., the $D_{L}$ method) and the $\rm DM_{IGM}$ method that rely on the optimization of the Hubble constant $H_0$, this $D_{L}\cdot{\rm DM_{IGM}}$ method has the advantage of being independent of $H_0$. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we prove that the $D_{L}\cdot{\rm DM_{IGM}}$ method is more effective to constrain cosmological parameters than $D_{L}$ or ${\rm DM_{IGM}}$ separately, and enables us to achieve accurate multimessenger cosmology from around 100 GW/FRB systems. Additionally, even if GW/FRB associations are not exist, the methodology developed here can still be applied to those GWs and FRBs that occur at the same redshifts.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters