cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: A Survey of the Empirical Evidence on PWYW Pricing
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Greiff, Matthias
name: Egbert, Henrik
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
pricing mechanism
survey
PWYW
Pay-What-You-Want
empirical studies

description: We review a large number of empirical studies on Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW) pricing. We distinguish between laboratory experiments, field experiments, survey experiments and case studies. Based on this survey we identify the following two gaps in the recently flourishing literature on PWYW pricing: (1) studies on PWYW pricing for goods with high cost, and (2) studies on the long-term effects of PWYW pricing.
title: Forward or Backward Looking? The Economic Discourse and the Observed Reality
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Lüdering, Jochen
name: Winker, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Is academic research anticipating economic shake-ups or merely reflecting the past? Exploiting the corpus of articles published in the Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) for the years 1949 to 2010, this pilot study proposes a quantitative framework for addressing these questions. The framework comprises two steps. First, methods from computational linguistics are used to identify relevant topics and their relative importance over time. In particular, Latent Dirichlet Analysis is applied to the corpus after some preparatory work. Second, for some of the topics which are closely related to specific economic indicators, the developments of topic weights and indicator values are confronted in dynamic regression and VAR models. The results indicate that for some topics of interest, the discourse in the journal leads developments in the real economy, while for other topics it is the other way round.
Using a Porcine Maternal Infanticide Model to Investigate the Inheritance of Human Puerperal Psychosis
Creators: name: Landers, Courtney Amaryllis
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: puerperal psychosis
post-natal psychosis
postnatal psychosis
bipolar disorder
maternal savaging
porcine maternal infanticide

description: Puerperal Psychosis is the most severe form of postnatal psychiatric illness, and is a psychiatric emergency. Human-based research to find a means of genetically predicting a woman’s risk of puerperal psychosis has so far failed to reliably or reproducibly identify candidate genes or pathways, due to problems common within the field of psychiatric genetics, leading to the proposal of using an animal model in the form of Porcine Maternal Infanticide. In this project, the author has aimed to understand the pathophysiology of PMI using NGS technologies in order to 1) extend the validity of PMI as a model for PP; 2) determine future steps for development of the PMI model; and 3) generate insights into the management of PMI (and by extension PP) via prediction and detection of a puerperal trigger. These aims have been pursued via two experiments. In the first, the author has created RNA-Seq libraries from archival RNA, and then performed differential gene expression analysis. The results indicated that RNA-Seq technologies can be used with archival RNA samples, but using such samples introduces the risk of degradation-based bias. The substantial influence of outliers, confounding factors and sample size on the results prevented reliable identification of candidate genes„ but provide concrete guidelines development of the Porcine Maternal Infanticide model. In the second, the author has created MBD-Seq libraries from archival tissue, and then performed differential methylation analysis. The results indicated that it is possible to use MBD-Seq technologies with Sus scrofa brain tissue. Once again, the effect of confounding factors and sample size on the results prevented reliable identification of candidate genes, but provide guidance for development of the Porcine Maternal Infanticide model.
title: A Crime 2.0 – Cybercrime, e-Talent, and Institutions
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Cho, Seo-Young
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: entrepreneurship
cybercrime
institutions
Economics
Wirtschaft
e-skills

description: Cybercrime is typically profiled as a skill-intensive crime committed by educated, young criminals. This observation raises the controversial question of whether advanced knowledge and skills are a pull factor of cybercrime. In this paper, the linkage between e-skills and cybercrime is investigated using statistics from up to 28 European countries. Through the investigation, it is shown that electronic skills induce more cybercrime under weak institutions where the rules of law do not provide protection and incentives for productive entrepreneurial activities. This compound effect between e-skills and institutions suggests that institutional factors are crucial to allocating human capital between productive and criminal activities in cyberspace.
Spin-nematic order induced superconductivity
Creators: name: Karchev, Naoum
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a spin-fermion model with fermion-spin-quadrupolar interaction. In a nematic phase, this interaction reduces to a four-fermion interaction that is a basis of superconductivity. When the coupling constant is positive the superconductivity is p-wave with spin-parallel paired fermions. When it is negative the superconductivity is p-wave and fermions are spin-antiparallel paired. For a system with zero chemical potential, even a very small coupling can bind fermions into bound state that leads to the superconductivity. When the chemical potential is non-zero the system possesses quantum critical transition from normal spin-nematic phase to phase where superconductivity coexists with spin-nematicity. The value of the quantum critical fermion-spin-nematicity coupling constant depends on the chemical potential.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, published version
title: Green Nudges: Do they work? Are they ethical?
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Schubert, Christian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: Green Defaults, Autonomy
Economics
Wirtschaft
Nudges
Behavioral Economics
Libertarian Paternalism

description: Environmental policies are increasingly informed by behavioral economics insights. ‘Green nudges’ in particular have been suggested as a promising new tool to encourage consumers to act in an environmentally responsible way, such as choosing renewable energy sources or saving energy. While there is an emerging literature on the instrumental effectiveness of behavioral policy tools such as these, their ethical assessment has largely been neglected. This paper attempts to fill this gap by, first, providing a structured overview of the most important contributions to the literature on pro-environmental nudges and, second, offering some critical guidelines that may help the practitioner come to an ethically informed assessment of nudges.
The nonlinear damping of Bose-Einstein condensate oscillations at ultra-low temperatures
Creators: name: Kagan, Yu.
name: Maksimov, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the damping of the transverse breathing mode in an elongated trap at ultralow temperatures. The damping occurs due to the parametric resonance entailing the energy transfer to the longitudinal degrees of freedom. It is found that the nonlinear coupling between the transverse and discrete longitudinal modes can result in an anomalous behavior of the damping as a function of time with the partially reversed pumping of the breathing mode. The picture revealed explains the results observed in [16].
Designer Monte Carlo Simulation for Gross-Neveu Transition
Creators: name: Liu, Yuzhi
name: Wang, Wei
name: Sun, Kai
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this manuscript, we study quantum criticality of Dirac fermions via large-scale numerical simulations, focusing on the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa(GNY) chiral-Ising quantum critical point with critical bosonic modes coupled with Dirac fermions. We show that finite-size effects at this quantum critical point can be efficiently minimized via model design, which maximizes the ultraviolet cutoff and at the same time places the bare control parameters closer to the nontrivial fixed point to better expose the critical region. Combined with the efficient self-learning quantum Monte Carlo algorithm, which enables non-local update of the bosonic field, we find that moderately-large system size (up to $16\times 16$) is already sufficient to produce robust scaling behavior and critical exponents.The conductance of the Dirac fermions is also calculated and its frequency dependence is found to be consistent with the scaling behavior predicted by the conformal field theory. The methods and model-design principles developed for this study can be generalized to other fermionic QCPs, and thus provide a promising direction for controlled studies of strongly-correlated itinerant systems.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Elasmopus Costa 1853
Creators: name: Lowry, J. K.
name: Hughes, L. E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Maeridae
Elasmopus

description: Elasmopus Costa, 1853
 Remarks. Elasmopus is a large genus of 89 species. Including the new species described here Elasmopus contains 50 species in the Indo-West Pacific, 13 of which are known from Australian waters. The main characters to distinguish species of Elasmopus are the shape of the falcate mandibular palp, the palm of male gnathopod 2, the posteroventral corner of epimeron 3 and the lateral and apical margins of the telson.
description: Published as part of Lowry, J. K. & Hughes, L. E., 2009, Maeridae, the Elasmopus group *, pp. 643-702 in Zootaxa 2260 (1) on page 645, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2260.1.33, http://zenodo.org/record/5361655
"Quantal" behavior in classical probability
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of phenomena generally believed characteristic of quantum mechanics and seen as interpretively problematic--the incompatibility and value-indeterminacy of variables, the non-existence of dispersion-free states, the failure of the standard marginal-probability formula, the failure of the distributive law of disjunction and interference--are exemplified in an emphatically non-quantal system: a deck of playing cards. Thus the appearance, in quantum mechanics, of incompatibility and these associated phenomena requires neither explanation nor interpretation.
description: 18 pages. V6: Further clarification of discussions. "Nonreality" restored to paper (as per V4). As accepted by Found. Phys. Lett
Utility-Based Interim Decision Rule Planning in Adaptive Population Selection Designs With Survival Endpoints
Creators: name: Uozumi, Ryuji
name: Chikuma Hamada
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The use of adaptive population selection designs has become widespread in response to the emergence of numerous targeted therapies. Such designs provide an opportunity to stop the recruitment of patients in a population in midcourse when this population does not benefit from the treatment being tested. Several types of designs have been developed in different settings; however, the procedures for setting thresholds for an interim decision have not yet been established. Therefore, in this article, we propose a novel, simple utility-based approach to guide the construction of an interim decision rule for an adaptive population selection design using survival endpoints. This approach is applicable when there is an available biomarker prior to designing a clinical trial. Our simulation studies, which assumed that only a prespecified population will benefit from a targeted therapy, indicated that the proposed approach assists in setting optimal thresholds for selecting an appropriate population at the interim analysis.
Split intransitivity: Thematic roles, case and agreement
Creators: name: Baker, James Samuel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: linguistics
syntax
unaccusativity
split intransitivity
thematic roles
case
agreement
ergativity
alignment
split-S
argument structure

description: This dissertation is an extended argument for the syntactic structure proposed in (1), referred to as the $\textit{VICTR Hierarchy}$ after the initials of the five functional heads it comprises: (1) [VolitionP Volition [InitiationP Initiation [ConsecutionP Consecution [TransitionP Transition [ResultP Result [VP ] ] ] ] ] ] The VICTR Hierarchy is a hierarchy of functional heads corresponding to the part of the clause generally known in the minimalist literature as `vP' or the `thematic domain'. Nominal arguments are merged in the specifiers of one or more of these heads and receive their thematic interpretations on the basis of their merged positions. Evidence for a model of thematic roles and syntactic argument structure based in the VICTR Hierarchy is presented for a range of domains, with a focus on $\textit{split intransitivity}$. Split intransitivity is explored initially in regard to English, with close consideration of a range of split intransitive diagnostics (e.g. $\textit{out}$-prefixation, the resultative construction); a VICTR account of these patterns is presented. A VICTR account of auxiliary selection patterns in Western European languages is also given. This is followed by analysis of split intransitive case and agreement systems. A formal account of the case and agreement patterns in these languages based in the VICTR hierarchy is presented, derived in part from the inherent case theory of ergativity (Legate 2002, Aldridge 2004 and others) and drawing on a detailed typology. The dissertation then proceeds to detailed analysis of the semantic basis of split intransitive alignment in two languages, Basque and Georgian. Other split intransitive behaviours in these languages are also considered in VICTR terms. Throughout, the VICTR approach is compared to other approaches to split intransitivity following Perlmutter's (1978) Unaccusative Hypothesis. The VICTR Hierarchy is also compared to the similar proposal of Ramchand (2008). It is argued that the VICTR Hierarchy accounts more readily than these other approaches for the particular classes of verbs identified by split intransitivity diagnostics in the languages considered, and also for cross-linguistic variation in split intransitive behaviours. Much support, with some caveats, is also found in the data considered for the applicability of Sorace's (2000) Auxiliary Selection Hierarchy (ASH) to a range of split intransitive phenomena cross-linguistically. Together with acquisitional considerations, the VICTR features are argued to allow for a formalisation of the patterns described by the ASH.
Management of Water Saving and Organic based Fertilizers Technology for Remediation and Maintaining the Health of Paddy Soils and To Increase the Sustainability of Rice Productivity in Indonesia
Creators: name: Turmuktini, Tien
name: Simarmata, Tualar
name: Joy, Benny
name: Resmini, Ania Citra
name: Turmuktini, Tien
name: Simarmata, Tualar
name: Joy, Benny
name: Resmini, Ania Citra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Water saving
subject: soil health
subject: paddy soils
subject: organic fertilizers
subject: straw compost
subject: remediation
subject: SOBARI

description: The rice production in Indonesia is dominated by permanent flooding or inundation system. Intensification of permanent flooding of paddy soils not only reduces the soil biological power significantly, but also restricts the roots growth. Various field studies indicated mostly of paddy soils in Indonesia has a low organic content (< 2%). Management of paddy soil health is urgently required to restore, improve and maintain the soils organic matter as heart of soil ecosystem. SOBARI (system of organic based aerobic rice intensification) as water saving technology combined with straw compost based fertilizers technology has two main goals: (1) to remediate or restore, improve and maintain the health and quality of paddy soils, and (2) to enhance rice productivity in sustainable ways (efficient water and fertilizer use). The field results using several rice varieties in Indonesia revealed that the water saving technology combined with organic fertilizers (straw compost) can produce grain yield about 8 – 12 t/ha (average of an increasing about 50 – 150% compared to anaerobic rice cultivation) and the water irrigation was reduced by at least 30 - 50% and as well as inorganic fertilizers was reduced at least by 25% This high rice yield is highly correlated with the increasing of roots zone about 4 – 10 times, number of productive tillers about 60 – 80 tillers, number of panicles, length of panicles and number of grain/panicle, and as well as due to the increase of soil biodiversity. The reuse of straw or straw compost into soils within three years is expected to be able to remediate and improve the health of degraded paddy soils significantly.
Deep learning dark matter map reconstructions from DES SV weak lensing data
Creators: name: Jeffrey, Niall
name: Lanusse, François
name: Lahav, Ofer
name: Starck, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first reconstruction of dark matter maps from weak lensing observational data using deep learning. We train a convolution neural network (CNN) with a Unet based architecture on over $3.6\times10^5$ simulated data realizations with non-Gaussian shape noise and with cosmological parameters varying over a broad prior distribution. We interpret our newly created DES SV map as an approximation of the posterior mean $P(κ| γ)$ of the convergence given observed shear. Our DeepMass method is substantially more accurate than existing mass-mapping methods. With a validation set of 8000 simulated DES SV data realizations, compared to Wiener filtering with a fixed power spectrum, the DeepMass method improved the mean-square-error (MSE) by 11 per cent. With N-body simulated MICE mock data, we show that Wiener filtering with the optimal known power spectrum still gives a worse MSE than our generalized method with no input cosmological parameters; we show that the improvement is driven by the non-linear structures in the convergence. With higher galaxy density in future weak lensing data unveiling more non-linear scales, it is likely that deep learning will be a leading approach for mass mapping with Euclid and LSST.
description: Accepted MNRAS, 7 pages, 5 figures, added interpretation of DeepMass improvement
Multi-species pair annihilation reactions
Creators: name: Deloubriere, Olivier
name: Hilhorst, Henk
name: Tauber, Uwe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider diffusion-limited reactions A_i + A_j -> 0 (1 <= i < j <= q) in d space dimensions. For q > 2 and d >= 2 we argue that the asymptotic density decay for such mutual annihilation processes with equal rates and initial densities is the same as for single-species pair annihilation A + A -> 0. In d = 1, however, particle segregation occurs for all q < oo. The total density decays according to a $q$ dependent power law, rho(t) ~ t^{-α(q)}. Within a simplified version of the model α(q) = (q-1) / 2q can be determined exactly. Our findings are supported through Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 4 pages, revtex; two figures included
Dissipation without resistance: Imaging impurities at quantum Hall edges
Creators: name: Zhang, Gu
name: Gornyi, Igor V.
name: Mirlin, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experiment by Marguerite et al. [1] on imaging in graphene samples, we investigate theoretically the dissipation induced by resonant impurities in the quantum Hall regime. The impurity induced forward scattering of electrons at quantum Hall edges leads to an enhanced phonon emission, which reaches its maximum when the impurity state is tuned to resonance by a scanning tip voltage. Our analysis of the effect of the tip potential on the dissipation reveals peculiar thermal rings around the impurities, in consistency with experimental observations. Remarkably, this impurity-induced dissipation reveals non-trivial features that are unique for chiral 1D systems such as quantum Hall edges. First, the dissipation is not accompanied by the generation of resistance. Second, this type of dissipation is highly nonlocal: a single impurity induces heat transfer to phonons along the whole edge.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
title: Directed Technical Change and Energy Intensity Dynamics: Structural Change vs. Energy Efficiency
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Haas, Christian
name: Kempa, Karol
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Directed technical change
Energy intensity, Structural change
Energy effciency

description: This paper uses a model with Directed Technical Change to theoretically analyse observable heterogeneous energy intensity developments. Based on the empirical evidence, we decompose changes in aggregate energy intensity into structural changes in the economy (structural effect) and within-sector energy efficiency improvements (effciency effect). The relative importance of these effects is determined by energy price growth and sectoral productivities that drive the direction of technical change. When research is directed to the labour-intensive sector, the structural effect is the main driver of energy intensity dynamics. In contrast, the effciency effect dominates energy intensity developments, when research is directed to energy-intensive industries. Increasing energy price generally leads to lower energy intensities and temporal energy price shocks might induce a permanent redirection of innovation activities. We calibrate the model to empirical data and simulate energy intensity developments across countries. The results of our very stylised model are largely consistent with empirical evidence.
Supporting On-Stack Replacement in Unstructured Languages by Loop Reconstruction and Extraction
Creators: name: Mosaner, Raphael
name: Leopoldseder, David
name: Rigger, Manuel
name: Schatz, Roland
name: Mössenböck, Hanspeter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: On-stack replacement (OSR) is a common technique employed by dynamic compilers to reduce program warm-up time. OSR allows switching from interpreted to compiled code during the execution of this code. The main targets are long running loops, which need to be represented explicitly, with dedicated information about condition and body, to be optimized at run time. Bytecode interpreters, however, represent control flow implicitly via unstructured jumps and thus do not exhibit the required high-level loop representation. To enable OSR also for jump-based - often called unstructured - languages, we propose the partial reconstruction of loops in order to explicitly represent them in a bytecode interpreter. Besides an outline of the general idea, we implemented our approach in Sulong, a bytecode interpreter for LLVM bitcode, which allows the execution of C/C++. We conducted an evaluation with a set of C benchmarks, which showed speed-ups in warm-up of up to 9x for certain benchmarks. This facilitates execution of programs with long-running loops in rarely called functions, which would yield significant slowdown without OSR. While shown with a prototype implementation, the overall idea of our approach is generalizable for all bytecode interpreters.
description: Accepted at MPLR 2019. This is the author's version of the work
Vertical Price Transmission in Local Rice Markets in Côte d’Ivoire: Are Consumers Really Right?
Creators: name: Keho, Yaya
name: Camara, Aïssata Sobia
name: Keho, Yaya
name: Camara, Aïssata Sobia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Asymmetric price transmission
subject: Threshold cointegration
subject: Rice
subject: Côte d’Ivoire

description: This paper analyses vertical relationships between wholesale and retail prices in three local rice markets in Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of the paper is to ascertain whether the popular complaint of consumers about the asymmetric price transmission holds true. Our empirical analysis makes use of threshold cointegration and error correction models and monthly data for the period 1990-1999. We found that wholesale and retail prices are cointegrated and increases in wholesale prices are passed on to retail prices more quickly than decreases.
title: The (In)Validity of the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem—Findings from a Representative German Population Survey
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Neumeier, Florian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: private saving
public debt
Ricardian equivalence
survey; Germany.
private consumption
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: In this paper, we utilise data from a German population survey to test the validity of the Ricardian equivalence theorem (RET). In 2013, 2,000 representatively chosen people were asked whether they have altered their consumption and saving behaviour in response to the significant increase in public debt that occurred between 2008 and 2012. Our findings suggest that, in general, RET does not hold. Only 7% of our respondents state that they consume a smaller proportion of their income and save a larger proportion in response to public debt accumulation. Moreover, using multinominal logit regressions, we find that individuals’ consumption responses are significantly related to their economic situation, time preferences, education, and age.
Effect of Poultry Production on the Poverty Status of Small Scale Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Raphael Olanrewaju, Babatunde
name: Adedayo Olufemi, Adekunle
name: Funke Iyabo, Olagunju
name: Raphael Olanrewaju, Babatunde
name: Adedayo Olufemi, Adekunle
name: Funke Iyabo, Olagunju
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Small-scale poultry production
subject: poverty reduction
subject: FGT
subject: logit regression

description: Using data from 104 small scale poultry farmers in Oyo state of Nigeria, this study examined the role of poultry production in rural poverty reduction. The results show that majority of the farmers were male (87 percent), married (87 percent), having family size of 5 to 7 persons (53 percent), above 44 years of age with farming experience of 7.5 years on average and with formal education (95 percent). The average net farm income (NFI) is N788,164 per annum indicating that, the business is worth investing in. Poverty incidence, poverty depth, and severity of poverty are 49 percent, 23 percent and 13 percent respectively, the poor farmers need to generate an additional 23 percent of the fixed amount of income to cross the threshold of poverty. The result showed that male headed households and farmers without tertiary education are poorer. Poultry income and education level of the household head have significant, negative effects on poverty status of the households indicating that, additional increase in these variables will reduce the probability of being poor.
Dirac Materials for Sub-MeV Dark Matter Detection: New Targets and Improved Formalism
Creators: name: Geilhufe, R. Matthias
name: Kahlhoefer, Felix
name: Winkler, Martin Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of their tiny band gaps Dirac materials promise to improve the sensitivity for dark matter particles in the sub-MeV mass range by many orders of magnitude. Here we study several candidate materials and calculate the expected rates for dark matter scattering via light and heavy dark photons as well as for dark photon absorption. A particular emphasis is placed on how to distinguish a dark matter signal from background by searching for the characteristic daily modulation of the signal, which arises from the directional sensitivity of anisotropic materials in combination with the rotation of the Earth. We revisit and improve previous calculations and propose two new candidate Dirac materials: BNQ-TTF and Yb$_3$PbO. We perform detailed calculations of the band structures of these materials and of ZrTe$_5$ based on density functional theory and determine the band gap, the Fermi velocities and the dielectric tensor. We show that in both ZrTe$_5$ and BNQ-TTF the amplitude of the daily modulation can be larger than 10% of the total rate, allowing to probe the preferred regions of parameter space even in the presence of sizeable backgrounds. BNQ-TTF is found to be particularly sensitive to small dark matter masses (below 100 keV for scattering and below 50 meV for absorption), while Yb$_3$PbO performs best for heavier particles.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures + appendix; v2: matches published version
The Impact of Agriculture Credit on Growth in Pakistan
Creators: name: Akmal, Nadeem
name: Rehman, Bushra
name: Ali, Akhtar
name: Shah, Hassnain
name: Akmal, Nadeem
name: Rehman, Bushra
name: Ali, Akhtar
name: Shah, Hassnain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Agriculture
subject: Credit
subject: Growth
subject: Pakistan

description: Agriculture took place on land, where crops, rising and rearing animals for the production of food for man and industries. But to run all the activities credit is the main stream. In most of the developing countries credit played a very important role in economic growth. This study is designed to analyze the impact of agriculture credit on growth. This type of work was done in 2003 by Iqbal et al. and the same methodology is followed in this paper. Secondary data was taken from 1970-2010.Water availability; labour availability and crop intensity are the important determinants of agriculture GDP.
Modern optical astronomy: technology and impact of interferometry
Creators: name: Saha, Swapan K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present `state of the art' and the path to future progress in high spatial resolution imaging interferometry is reviewed. The review begins with a treatment of the fundamentals of stellar optical interferometry, the origin, properties, optical effects of turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere, the passive methods that are applied on a single telescope to overcome atmospheric image degradation such as speckle interferometry, and various other techniques. These topics include differential speckle interferometry, speckle spectroscopy and polarimetry, phase diversity, wavefront shearing interferometry, phase-closure methods, dark speckle imaging, as well as the limitations imposed by the detectors on the performance of speckle imaging. A brief account is given of the technological innovation of adaptive-optics (AO) to compensate such atmospheric effects on the image in real time. A major advancement involves the transition from single-aperture to the dilute-aperture interferometry using multiple telescopes. Therefore, the review deals with recent developments involving ground-based, and space-based optical arrays. Emphasis is placed on the problems specific to delay-lines, beam recombination, polarization, dispersion, fringe-tracking, bootstrapping, coherencing and cophasing, and recovery of the visibility functions. The role of AO in enhancing visibilities is also discussed. The applications of interferometry, such as imaging, astrometry, and nulling are described. The mathematical intricacies of the various `post-detection' image-processing techniques are examined critically. The review concludes with a discussion of the astrophysical importance and the perspectives of interferometry.
description: 65 pages LaTeX file including 23 figures. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2002, to appear in April issue
The Social Construction of Visualizations: Practitioner Challenges and Experiences of Visualizing Race and Gender Demographic Data
Creators: name: Dhawka, Priya
name: Dasgupta, Sayamindu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data visualizations are increasingly seen as socially constructed, with several recent studies positing that perceptions and interpretations of visualization artifacts are shaped through complex sets of interactions between members of a community. However, most of these works have focused on audiences and researchers, and little is known about if and how practitioners account for the socially constructed framing of data visualization. In this paper, we study and analyze how visualization practitioners understand the influence of their beliefs, values, and biases in their design processes and the challenges they experience. In 17 semi-structured interviews with designers working with race and gender demographic data, we find that a complex mix of factors interact to inform how practitioners approach their design process, including their personal experiences, values, and their understandings of power, neutrality, and politics. Based on our findings, we suggest a series of implications for research and practice in this space.
description: 16 pages, ACM CHI 2025
title: Monetary Policy on Twitter and its Effect on Asset Prices: Evidence from Computational Text Analysis
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Lüdering, Jochen
name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: Text Analysis, VAR
Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Fed
Economics
Wirtschaft
Monetary Policy

description: In this paper we dissect the public debate about the future course of monetary
policy and trace the effects of selected topics of this discourse on U.S.
asset prices. We focus on the \taper tantrum" episode in 2013, a period with
large revisions in expectations about Fed policy. Based on a novel data set
of 90,000 Twitter messages (\tweets") covering the entire debate of Fed tapering on Twitter we use Latent Dirichlet Allocation, a computational text
analysis tool to quantify the content of the discussion. Several estimated topic
frequencies are then included in a VAR model to estimate the effects of topic
shocks on asset prices. We find that the discussion about Fed policy on social media contains price-relevant information. Shocks to shares of \tantrum"-,\QE"- and \data"-related topics are shown to lead to significant asset price changes. We also show that the effects are mostly due to changes in the term premium of yields consistent with the portfolio balance channel of unconventional monetary policy.
Trends and Variability of Rice, Maize, and Wheat Yields in South Asian Countries: A Challenge for Food Security
Creators: name: Poudel, Mahadeb Prasad
name: Chen, Shwu-En
name: Poudel, Mahadeb Prasad
name: Chen, Shwu-En
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Yield trend
subject: growth pattern
subject: yield variability
subject: South Asia

description: During the last six decades, the yield and production of rice, maize, and wheat grew remarkably in South Asian region. As these cereals are staple foods, the growth and fluctuation of yields greatly impacts on food security. This study aims to examine the growth patterns and variability of rice, wheat, and maize yields in South Asian countries namely Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Utilizing the yield data during 1961-2010, we applied the linear and quadratic regressions for yield trends and variability analyses. Quadratic model was fitted well in all data sets except wheat yield in Pakistan. A clear indication of slowing growth rates was observed for wheat yield in Bangladesh and India, as well as a significant increase in maize yield variability was realized in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lank. The factors influencing for slowing yield growth rates are considered as comparative disadvantage of wheat to Boro rice in case of Bangladesh, whereas depletion of soil nutrient contents in the rice-wheat production areas and negative impact of climate change in India. The slowing yield growths exerted a challenge for food security in Bangladesh and India. Thus, policy implementations are urgent to improve the wheat yield growth and maize yield stabilization in the concerning countries.
Additional file 1 of The mechanism of oleic acid inhibiting platelet activation stimulated by collagen
Creators: name: Zhou, Xianghui
name: Zhou, Xin
name: Zhu, Ruirui
name: Ming, Zhangyin
name: Cheng, Zhipeng
name: Hu, Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Accelerated Adaptation through Stimulated Copy Number Variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Creators: name: Hull, Ryan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Copy Number Variation
Adaptation
CUP1
SFA1
Histone H3 Lysine 56
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Copper
Formaldehyde
Nicotinamide
Rtt109
Rapamycin
Mutation
eccDNA
DNA Damage
Replisome
Break-induced replication

description: Accelerated Adaptation through Stimulated Copy Number Variation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ryan Matthew Hull Repetitive regions of the genome, such as the centromeres, telomeres and ribosomal DNA account for a large proportion of the genetic variation between individuals. Differences in the number of repeat sequences between individuals is termed copy number variation (CNV) and is rife across eukaryotic genomes. CNV is of clinical importance as it has been implicated in many human disorders, in particularly cancers where is has been associated with tumour growth and drug resistance. The copper-resistance gene CUP1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one such CNV gene. CUP1 is transcribed from a copper inducible promoter and encodes a protein involved in copper detoxification. In this work I show that yeast can regulate their repeat levels of the CUP1 gene through a transcriptionally stimulated CNV mechanism, as a direct adaptation response to a hostile environment. I characterise the requirement of the epigenetic mark Histone H3 Lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56ac) for stimulated CNV and its limitation of only working at actively transcribed genes. Based upon my findings, I propose a model for how stimulated CNV is regulated in yeast and show how we can pharmacologically manipulate this mechanism using drugs, like nicotinamide and rapamycin, to stimulate and repress a cell’s ability to adapt to its environment. I further show that the model is not limited to high-copy CUP1 repeat arrays, but is also applicable to low-copy systems. Finally, I show that the model extends to other genetic loci in response to different challenging environments, such as formaldehyde stimulation of the formaldehyde-resistance gene SFA1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of any eukaryotic cell undergoing genome optimisation as a novel means to accelerate its adaptation in direct response to its environment. If conserved in higher eukaryotes, such a mechanism could have major implications in how we consider and treat disorders associated with changes in CNV.
Utility-based interim decision rule planning in adaptive population selection designs with survival endpoints
Creators: name: Uozumi, Ryuji
name: Chikuma Hamada
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: The use of adaptive population selection designs has become widespread in response to the emergence of numerous targeted therapies. Such designs provide an opportunity to stop the recruitment of patients in a population in midcourse when this population does not benefit from the treatment being tested. Several types of designs have been developed in different settings; however, the procedures for setting thresholds for an interim decision have not yet been established. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a novel, simple utility-based approach to guide the construction of an interim decision rule for an adaptive population selection design using survival endpoints. This approach is applicable when there is an available biomarker prior to designing a clinical trial. Our simulation studies, which assumed that only a pre-specified population will benefit from a targeted therapy, indicated that the proposed approach assists in setting optimal thresholds for selecting an appropriate population at the interim analysis.
title: Regulatory Networks, Legal Federalism, and Multi-level Regulatory Systems
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kerber, Wolfgang
name: Wendel, Julia
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: multi-level regulatory systems
EU regulation
Economics
Wirtschaft
Regulatory networks
legal federalism

description: Transnational regulatory networks play important roles in multi-level regulatory regimes, as e.g, the European Union. In this paper we analyze the role of regulatory networks from the perspective of the economic theory of legal federalism. Often sophisticated intermediate institutional solutions between pure centralisation and pure decentralisation can help to solve complex tradeoff problems between the benefits and problems of centralised and decentralised solutions. Drawing upon the insights of the political science literature about regulatory networks, we show that regulatory networks might be an institutional innovation that can fulfill a number of functions (rule-making, best practices and policylearning, effective enforcement, conflict resolution) that might allow for a better intermediate solution between centralised and decentralised regulatory powers. We apply our approach in three case studies to very different regulatory networks, the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communication (BEREC), the European Competition Network (ECN), and the International Competition Network (ICN). An important result is that regulatory networks might not only be a temporary phenomenon but part of long-term institutional solutions in European multi-level regulatory regimes.
Two-Stage Representation Learning for Analyzing Movement Behavior Dynamics in People Living with Dementia
Creators: name: Cui, Jin
name: Capstick, Alexander
name: Barnaghi, Payam
name: Scott, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In remote healthcare monitoring, time series representation learning reveals critical patient behavior patterns from high-frequency data. This study analyzes home activity data from individuals living with dementia by proposing a two-stage, self-supervised learning approach tailored to uncover low-rank structures. The first stage converts time-series activities into text sequences encoded by a pre-trained language model, providing a rich, high-dimensional latent state space using a PageRank-based method. This PageRank vector captures latent state transitions, effectively compressing complex behaviour data into a succinct form that enhances interpretability. This low-rank representation not only enhances model interpretability but also facilitates clustering and transition analysis, revealing key behavioral patterns correlated with clinicalmetrics such as MMSE and ADAS-COG scores. Our findings demonstrate the framework's potential in supporting cognitive status prediction, personalized care interventions, and large-scale health monitoring.
description: AAAI 2025 Workshop on Large Language Models and Generative AI for Health
title: Digital Markets, Data, and Privacy: Competition Law, Consumer Law, and Data Protection
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kerber, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: Big Data
digital economy
data protection
Economics
Wirtschaft
consumer law
competition law
privacy

description: The digitalisation of the economy with data as the new critical resource is a technological revolution which requires an adaptation of the legal framework for markets and the economy. This paper analyzes the privacy concerns in the digital economy from an economics perspective. What can we learn from economics whether and to what extent we need legal rules helping to protect privacy? Particularly important are the complex tradeoff problems between benefits and costs of privacy and disclosure. This paper claims that it is not sufficient to look for policy solutions only in one field of the law, as, e.g. competition law or data protection law, rather an integrated approach from different regulatory perspectives is necessary. This paper focusses on competition policy, consumer policy, and data protection policy as the three main regulatory perspectives that are relevant for privacy concerns. For all three policies it is discussed from an economic perspective how these policies might help to remedy market failures in regard to privacy rights and privacy preferences of individuals, and how a more integrated regulatory approach can be developed.