cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In Defense of Unanimous Jury Verdicts: Communication, Mistrials, and Sincerity
Creators: name: Coughlan, Peter J.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997

description: It is a widely held belief among legal theorists that the requirement of unanimous jury verdicts in criminal trials reduces the likelihood of convicting an innocent defendant. This belief is, to a large extent, dependent upon the assumption that all jurors will vote sincerely based on their own impression of the trial evidence. Recent literature, however, has drawn this assumption into question, and simple models of jury procedure have been constructed in which, except under very strict conditions, it is never a Nash equilibrium for all jurors to vote sincerely. Moreover, Nash equilibrium behavior in these models leads to higher probabilities of both convicting an innocent defendant and acquitting a guilty defendant under unanimity rule than under a wide variety of alternative voting rules, including simple majority rule. The present paper extends these models by adding minimal enhancements that we argue bring the existing models closer to actual jury procedures. In particular, we separately analyze the implications of (1) incorporating the possibility of mistrial and (2) allowing limited communication among jurors. Under each of these enhancements, we identify general conditions under which sincere voting is, in fact, a Nash equilibrium. We further demonstrate that under such sincere voting equilibria, unanimous jury verdicts perform better than any alternative voting rule in terms of minimizing probability of trial error and maximizing expected utility.
description: Revised version. Original dated to August 1997.

The comments and suggestions of Tom Palfrey, Richard McKelvey, Jeffrey Banks and Tim Feddersen are greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank John Ledyard, Kim Border, Paolo Ghirardato, Simon Wilkie, Jonathon Katz, Anthony Kwasnica, Roberto Weber, Tara Butterfield, John Patty, and Garrett Glasgow for their observations and suggestions during preliminary presentations at CalTech.
description: Submitted - sswp1012.pdf
Maxomys wattsi Musser 1991
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Maxomys
Maxomys wattsi

description: 756.
Watts’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat
Maxomys wattsi
French: Maxomys de Watts / German: \ Watts-Rajah-Ratte / Spanish: Rata espinosa de Watts
Other common names: \ Watts's Spiny Rat, Watts's Sulawesi Maxomys
Taxonomy. Maxomys wattsi Musser, 1991,
“Tambusisi Damar, on the slopes of Gunung Tambusisi (1°38’S, 121°23’E), 4700 ft [= 1433 m], in central Sulawesi,” Indonesia.
Maxomys wattsi is morphologically distinctive compared with all other species of Maxomys and is probably most closely related to M. musschenbroekii; genetic studies are needed to confirm this. Monotypic.
Distribution. Mt Tambusisi, EC Sulawesi.
Descriptive notes. Head—body 164-185 mm, tail 125-154 mm, ear 20-25 mm, hindfoot 35-38 mm; weight 110-130 g. Watts’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat is medium-sized and distinctive, with very long, dense, and soft pelage. Dorsum is brownish buff overall, darker brown along back and rump and lighter grayish brown on sides, with gray underfur, gray-based dark brown or blacktipped normal hairs, and dark guard hairs that are similar to normal hairs. Venter is grayish white due to gray underfur and whiteor silvery tipped hairs and is not sharply demarcated from dorsum. Juveniles are very dark blackish brown, fading through gray to white ventrally; they are not identifiable to the species level. Feet are unpigmented on forefeet and white in hindfeet, which are long and narrow.
Claws are ivory-colored, long, and sharp. Ears are rounded; vibrissae are long and black. Tail is ¢.79% of head-body length and bicolored, brown above and white with brown speckling below. Rostrum is narrow. The flea genus Gymnomeropsylla has been recorded from Watts’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat.
Habitat. Upper and lower montane forests at elevations of 1430-1830 m.
Food and Feeding. No information.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Watts’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat is nocturnal and terrestrial.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Watts’s Sulawesi Spiny Rat has a very restricted distribution in Morowali Nature Reserve, and it isprobably threatened by logging and agricultural expansion. Additional research is needed to fully understand its natural history, taxonomy, and threats.
Bibliography. Achmadi et al. (2013), Clayton (20160), Durden & Beaucournu (2002), Musser (1991, 2014), Musser & Carleton (2005), Steppan & Schenk (2017).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 863, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
The Reapportionment Revolution and Bias in U.S. Congressional Elections
Creators: name: Cox, Gary W.
name: Katz, Jonathan N.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1998
Subjects: Political partisanship, Redistricting, Voting, Political parties, Property reversion, Incumbents, Political revolutions, Bipartisanship, Congressional districts, Political science

description: We develop a simple formal model of the redistricting process that highlights the importance of two factors: first, partisan or bipartisan control of the redistricting process; second, the nature of the reversionary outcome, should the state legislature and governor fail to agree on a new districting plan. Using this model, we derive various predictions about the levels of partisan bias and responsiveness that should be observed under districting plans adopted under various constellations of partisan control of state government and reversionary outcomes, testing our predictions on postwar (1946{70) U.S. House electoral data. We find strong evidence that both partisan control and reversionary outcomes systematically affect the nature of a redistricting plan and the subsequent elections held under it. Further, we show that the well-known disappearance circa 1966 of what had been a long-time pro-Republican bias of about 6% in nonsouthern congressional elections can be explained completely by the changing composition of northern districting plans.
description: Revised version. Original dated to July 1997.

We thank Michael Alvarez, Chris Den Hartog, Rod Kiewiet, Mike McDonald, Jonathan Nagler, Tom Palfrey, and participants in seminars at Stanford, the University of Minnesota, and the University of California at Riverside for their helpful comments. We also thank Chris Den Hartog for research assistance. For research support, Jonathan N. Katz thanks the John Randolph and Dora Haynes Foundation.

Published as Cox, G.W., & Katz, J.N. (1999). The reapportionment revolution and bias in US congressional elections. American Journal of Political Science, 812-841.
description: Submitted - sswp1011.pdf
Paleographical analysis of letter E
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 3
description: Morphological study on the letter E : collection of samples from inscriptions and papyri, and analysis of paleographical aspects.
description: Source: 4MAR_1_1.3.1-6
description: created: n. d.
Palawanomys furvus Musser & Newcomb 1983
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Palawanomys
Palawanomys furvus

description: 757.
Palawan Mountain Rat
Palawanomys furvus
French: Rat de Palawan / German: Palawan-Ratte / Spanish: Rata de montana de Palawan
Other common names: Palawan Soft-furred Mountain Rat
Taxonomy. Palawanomys furvus Musser & Newcomb, 1983,
Mount Mantalingajan, 4500 ft (= 1372 m), Brooke’s Point Municipality, Palawan Island, Philippines.
Four specimens of this rat, originally collected in 1962, remained undescribed until G. G. Musser and C. Newcomb in 1983 described them under Palawanomys and compared them with some species of Rattus from the Sunda Shelf. Affinity of P. furvus to other murids of the region has to be assessed with molecular studies. It is possibly more related to the murid fauna of the Sunda Shelf than to other genera from the oceanic Philippines. Palawanomys furvus is one of three Muridae endemic to the Greater Palawan Faunal Region; Maxomys panglioma and Chiropodomys calamianus are the other two. Monotypic.
Distribution. Mt Mantalingajan, Palawan I, Philippines.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-158 mm, tail 149-162 mm, ear 18-19 mm, hindfoot 31-34 mm; weight 86-120 g. The Palawan Mountain Rat is medium-sized, with long, thick, and glossy fur. Hindfeet are long and narrow. Upperparts are chocolate brown, and underparts are paler, dark grayish brown. White-tipped hairs occur on chest, which form distinct white patchesin some specimens. Demarcation between upperparts and underparts is inconspicuous. Ears are blackish brown and densely covered with short brown hair. Tail is as long as head-body length orslightly longer and is chocolate brown, with short stiff hairs. Forefeet and hindfeet are brown above and chocolate brown on palmar and plantar surfaces. Claws are unpigmented. Cranium is small, rostrum moderately long and wide, braincase elongate, and molar teeth large and chunky. Females have four pairs of mammae.
Habitat. Steep montane and mossy forests on ultrabasic soils at elevations of 1500— 1950 m.
Food and Feeding. Palawan Mountain Rats forage primarily on the ground.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Palawan Mountain Rat are mainly nocturnal.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Population status of the Palawan Mountain Rat is poorly known. They are common in currently stable habitat on Mount Mantalingajan, but extensive mining is planned there.
Bibliography. Boitani et al. (2006), Esselstyn et al. (2004), Heaney, Balete et al. (1998), Heaney, Dolar et al. (2010), Kennerley (2016b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Musser & Heaney (1992), Musser & Newcomb (1983).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 865, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
title: Histoire des Treize, dans La Comédie humaine, Paris, Furne, 1843, t. IX, Études de mœurs, Scènes de la vie parisienne, p. 1-302
Creators: name: de Balzac, Honoré
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Édition en ligne
subject: Édition électronique
subject: Édition en libre accès
subject: Balzac
subject: e-Balzac
subject: Comédie humaine
subject: Édition numérique
subject: Furne
subject: Histoire des Treize
subject: Roman
subject: 19e siècle
subject: Roman français
subject: Réalisme (mouvement littéraire)

description: Cette édition électronique propose le texte de l’édition originale de La Comédie humaine parue chez Furne de 1842 à 1847. Cette édition a été établie dans le cadre du projet PHŒBUS, financé par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (2015-2019).
description: Relation: https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.96bf94ne
description: « Il s’est rencontré, sous l’Empire et dans Paris, treize hommes également frappés du même sentiment, tous doués d’une assez grande énergie pour être fidèles à la même pensée, assez probes entre eux pour ne point se trahir, alors même que leurs intérêts se trouvaient opposés, assez profondément politiques pour dissimuler les liens sacrés qui les unissaient, assez forts pour se mettre au-dessus de toutes les lois, assez hardis pour tout entreprendre, et assez heureux pour avoir presque toujours réussi dans leurs desseins ; ayant couru les plus grands dangers, mais taisant leurs défaites ; inaccessibles à la peur, et n’ayant tremblé ni devant le prince, ni devant le bourreau, ni devant l’innocence ; s’étant acceptés tous, tels qu’ils étaient, sans tenir compte des préjugés sociaux ; criminels sans doute, mais certainement remarquables par quelques-unes des qualités qui font les grands hommes, et ne se recrutant que parmi les hommes d’élite. »

L’Histoire des Treize raconte trois aventures vécues par les hommes de cette société secrète et infiniment puissante : Ferragus, La Duchesse de Langeais et La Fille aux yeux d’or.
description: available: https://www.ebalzac.com/edition/39-histoire-treize/furne
Collusion in Multiple Object Simultaneous Auctions: Theory and Experiments
Creators: name: Kwasnica, Anthony M.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1998

description: The choice of strategies by bidders who are allowed to communicate in auctions are studied. Using the tools of mechanism design, the possible outcomes of communication between bidders participating in a series of simultaneous first-price auctions are investigated. A variety of mechanisms are incentive compatible when side payments are not allowed. When attention is restricted to mechanisms which rely only on bidders' ordinal rankings of markets, incentive compatibility is characterized and the ranking mechanism of Pesendorfer (1996) is shown to be interim incentive efficient. Laboratory experiments were completed in order to investigate the existence, stability, and effect on bidder and seller surplus of cooperative agreements in multiple object simultaneous first-price auctions. Collusive agreements stable in the laboratory. The choices of the experimental subjects often closely match the choices predicted by the ranking and serial dictator mechanisms presented earlier. However, a few notable exceptions raise interesting prospects for the theoretical development of models of cooperative behavior.
description: Revised version. Original dated to March 1998.

Thank you to John Ledyard, Simon Wilkie, Dave Porter, and Julie Scott for their comments and patience. Any errors are the author's.
description: Submitted - sswp1010_-_revised.pdf
An Epistemic Characterization of Extensive Form Rationalizability
Creators: name: Battigalli, Pierpaolo
name: Siniscalchi, Marciano
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997

description: We use an extensive form, universal type space to provide the following epistemic characterisation of extensive form rationalisability. Say that player i strongly believes event E if i is certain of E conditional on each of her information sets consistent with E. Our main contribution is to show that a strategy profile s is extensive form rationalisable if and only if there is a state in which s is played and (0) everybody is rational, (1) everybody strongly believes (0), (2) everybody strongly believes (0) & (1), (3) everybody strongly believes (0) & (1) & (2), .... This result also allows us to provide sufficient epistemic conditions for the backward induction outcome and to relate extensive form rationalisability and conditional common certainty of rationality.
description: Submitted - sswp1009.pdf
Zukunftssicher durch Anpassung? Die Rolle klimaresilienter Sorten in der Landwirtschaft
Creators: name: Hampf, Anna
name: Murken, Lisa
name: Gornott, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: climate-resilient varieties in agriculture
adaptation
changing rainfall patterns
frequent and intense extreme weather events
new challenges for agriculture
Climate-resilient varieties
new plant varieties
genome editing
improved seeds

description: Future-proof through adaptation? The role of climate-resilient varieties in agriculture: Rising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and more frequent and intense extreme weather events pose new challenges for agriculture worldwide. Yield losses are to be expected in the coming decades, particularly in the Global South. Climate-resilient varieties can make an important contribution to adapting to climate change.  It is estimated that 15-39% of the world's arable land will need new plant varieties in future, depending on the emissions scenario. However, breeding a new variety is a lengthy and costly process that takes 10-12 years on average. New technologies such as genome editing could significantly speed up this process, while at the same time the genetic diversity of landraces and wild relatives offers great opportunities for breeding. In the global South, international research institutions and gene and seed banks are making an important contribution to the provision of climate-resilient varieties. However, high costs, insecure land ownership rights and a lack of access to markets and credit stand in the way of greater utilisation of improved seeds. Information campaigns, practical demonstrations of improved seeds and financial incentives can promote rapid variety change.
6. Feuillet tapuscrit de Jean-Louis Renauld sur le quotidien du service
Creators: name: Jean-Louis, Renauld
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: psychiatrie,Haute-Volta,coopération,psychothérapie institutionnelle,Bobo-Dioulasso,Ecole de Fann

description: Sans titre, non daté (entre 1972 et 1974). 
AP Renauld 153349.
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1763 – Swansea
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits combustibles

description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : charbon de terre
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits combustibles
description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1763 avec le port "Swansea"
description: Coverage: Grand commerce
description: Bibliographic citation: CHEREL, Huguette. L'Activité du port de Saint-Malo en 1763. DES : Histoire : Rennes : 1967 (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1052)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
The Universal Banks and the Mobilization of Capital in Imperial Germany
Creators: name: Fohlin, Caroline
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997

description: Capital mobilization represents a serious obstacle to industrialization. By stimulating savings, matching savers and investors, and offering advice to entrepreneurs, universal banks are believed to have eased such problems during the later stages of the German industrialization. Using evidence on deposit taking, branching, and banks' liability structure as well as the extent of interlocking directorates between banks and industrial companies, this paper demonstrates that the universal banks played a limited part in capital mobilization and expansion until the start of the twentieth century. The paper shows, however, that networks of the provincial banks enveloped a broad range of industrial companies.
description: I am grateful to Phil Cottrell, Lance Davis, John Latting, Peter Temin, and Dieter Ziegler as well as to participants in the Berkeley conference on Finance and the Making of Modern Capitalism for helpful comments and discussions. This research was funded in part by the NSF.
description: Submitted - sswp1008.pdf
title: Occupation foncière de la terre riveraine du lac Naivasha avant le développement de l’activité horticole
Creators: name: Rouillé-Kielo, Gaële
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Kenya
subject: Lake Naivasha (Kenya)
subject: Conservationnistes
subject: horticulture

description: Cette figure a été réalisée à partir du croisement des informations présentées sur plusieurs cartes topographiques consultées aux archives nationales et à l’Université de Nairobi, ainsi que sur des articles scientifiques.
Teacher to child relationship during lesson's delivery.
Creators: name: Tembo, Venus
Publisher: name: Knowledge Commons
Year: 2024

description: This paper describes the relationship shared between the learner and the teacher during lesson in a classroom. It focus on those learners who require extra attention to grasp concepts and terminologies when lessons are being conducted. By also considering the position of sitting in a classroom, the paper outlines the interview between the teacher and learner.
Pterotricha esyunini Zamani 2018
Creators: name: Ali Al-Yacoub, Ghassan A.
name: Fomichev, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Gnaphosidae
Pterotricha
Pterotricha esyunini

description: Pterotricha esyunini Zamani, 2018 (Fig. 1 a-d, g)
Material examined. 2♀ (NHMB), Iraq, Thi-Qar Province, Al-Nasiriyah City, the Archaeological Ziggurat of Ur, 30°58'10.0"N, 46°06'53.0"E, semi-desert, 20 August 2021 (leg. G. A. Al-Yacoub), (Fig. 1g).
Diagnosis. The female of Pterotricha esyunini closely resembles Pterotricha lesserti Dalmas, 1921 which is widespread in the Middle East. Both species have trapezoidal anterior (widened) part of fovea (Af) with unpaired anterior hood (Ah) and short copulatory ducts (Cd) tightly pressed to the receptacles (Re). The female of Pterotricha esyunini can be distinguished from that of P. lesserti by the lateral margins (Lm) converging anteriorly (vs. subparallel), undivided anterior part of fovea (vs. anterior part of fovea divided by median septum) and by relatively longer accessorial glands (Ag), which surpass the anterior edges of receptacles (vs. accessorial glands not surpass the anterior edges of receptacles) (cf. Figs 1c–d and 1e–f). For diagnosis of the male see Zamani (2018).
Description. Female. Total length: 5.6. Carapace: 2.3 long, 2 wide. Abdomen: 3.3 long, 1.9 wide. Carapace, sternum, chelicerae, and labium light brown without distinct patterns. Abdomen beige-colored with light gray patterns forming a longitudinal line crossed by three transverse lines. Legs light brown. Measurements of legs: I: 9.0 (2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.5). II: 8.7 (2.2, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.5). III: 8.9 (2.2, 1.0, 2.0, 2.2, 1.5). IV: 11.4 (3.0, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0, 1.9). Leg spination: I: Fe d1-1-1 p0-1-1; Ti p0-1-0 v2-2-1; Mt v2-2-2. II: Fe d1-1-1 p0-1-1; Ti p1-1-1 v2-2-1 Mt p0-1-0 v2-2-2. III: Fe d0-1-1 p0-1-1 r0-1-1; Pa p1 v1; Ti d1-0-1 p1-1-1 r1-1-1 v2-2-2. IV: Fe d1-0-1 p0-1-1 r0-1-1; Ti d1-0-1 p1-1-1 r1-1-1 v0-2-2; Mt d1-0-1 p1-1-1 r1-1-1 v2-2-1.
Epigyne as in Figs 1b–d. Anterior part of the fovea 2.3 times wider than long. Anterior hood very deep. Lateral margins touch each other anteriorly and smoothly diverge posteriorly. Median septum (Ms) triangular, not reaching the anterior (widened) part of fovea. Copulatory ducts short, forming tight loops. Receptacles oval, not well distinguished from copulatory ducts. Accessorial glands long, stick-like, diverging at a right angle.
Male. See Al-Yacoub et al. (2021a).
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 2).
description: Published as part of Ali Al-Yacoub, Ghassan A. & Fomichev, Alexander A., 2023, First description of the female of Pterotricha esyunini Zamani, 2018 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Iraq, pp. 183-187 in Ecologica Montenegrina 70 on page 184, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.70.19, http://zenodo.org/record/13248172
Bank Securities Holdings and Industrial Finance Before World War I: Britain and Germany Compared
Creators: name: Fohlin, Caroline
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997
Subjects: Bank assets, Universal banks, Investment banking, Financial securities, Financial investments, Securities industry, Banks, Commercial banks, Bank stocks, Government securities

description: Orthodox paradigms hold that through direct involvement with firms, the German universal banks funneled substantial amounts of financial capital into industry during the half century before World War I. At the same time, by avoiding such engagement with industrial companies, British banks are thought to have disadvantaged that country's economy with respect to its continental and American competitors. Using balance sheet data for the British deposit banks and the German universal banks, this paper shows that the German and British banks held approximately the same proportion of their assets in the form of non-government securities. In addition, the paper uses details garnered from two of the largest German banks to demonstrate that the universal banks became directly involved in only a few companies, that the total of these equity holdings amounted to a small share of bank assets, and that often the shares remained on the banks' books only because of an insufficient market for new issues. Thus, the idea that the German universal banks purposely took long-term stakes in industrial companies in order to credibly commit to behaving in the long-run interest of the firms finds limited support from this analysis.
description: I am grateful to Lance Davis for helpful comments and discussions. This research was funded by the NSF.

Published as Fohlin, C. (1997). Bank securities holdings and industrial finance before World War I: Britain and Germany compared. Business and Economic History, 463-475.
description: Submitted - sswp1007.pdf
title: Equilibria in Campaign Spending Games: Theory and Data
title: Equilibrium Effects in Campaign Spending Games: Theory and Data
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Erikson, Robert S.
name: Palfrey, Thomas R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997
Subjects: campaign spending
game theory
elections
incumbency

description: This paper presents a formal game-theoretic model to explain the simultaneity problem that has made it difficult to obtain unbiased estimates of the effects of both incumbent and challenger spending in U.S. House elections. The model predicts a particular form of correlation between the expected closeness of the race and the level of spending by both candidates, which implies that the simultaneity problem should not be present in close races, and should be progressively more severe in range of safe races that are empirically observed. This is confirmed by comparing simple OLS regression of races that are expected to be close with races that are expected not to be close, using House incumbent races spanning two decades. The theory also implies that inclusion of a variable controlling for total spending should successfully produce reliable estimates using OLS. This is confirmed.
description: The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation, Grant #'s SES-9224787 and SES-9223868. We thank Jonathan Katz and D. Roderick Kiewiet for helpful comments.

Published as Erikson, R.S., & Palfrey, T.R. (2000). Equilibria in campaign spending games: Theory and data. American Political Science Review, 94(3), 595-609.
description: Submitted - sswp1006.pdf
Participation in Direct Legislation: Evidence from the Voting Booth
Creators: name: Dubin, Jeffrey A.
name: Kalsow, Gretchen A.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997
Subjects: Discrete regression, qualitative choice models, economic models, rent-seeking

description: This study considers individual voting behavior on propositions. After controlling for voter and election specific attributes, we determine the effects of proposition attributes, such as proposition position and readability on roll-off and voter fatigue. If proposition attributes affect voting behavior and if their attributes can be influenced by supporters, including interest groups, then any such potential advantages should be ameliorated in the interest of "equal" political representation. As an example, advantages of ballot position can be minimized by modifying the linkage between the qualification sequence and the ballot sequence.
Using individual level ballot data taken from Los Angeles county, we find that the proposition position is negatively related to the probability of voting on a proposition and the probability of voting "Yes" on bonds and initiatives. We also find that reading ease is positively related to the probability of voting on a proposition and the probability of voting "Yes" on bonds and initiatives.
description: Submitted - sswp997.pdf
Thomomys monticola J. A. Allen 1893
Creators: name: James H. Honacki
name: Kenneth E. Kinman
name: James W. Koeppl
Publisher: name: Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Geomyidae
Thomomys
Thomomys monticola

description: Thomomys monticola J. A. Allen, 1893. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:48.
TYPE LOCALITY: U.S.A., California, El Dorado Co., Mt. Tallac, 7500 ft. (2286 m).
DISTRIBUTION: Sierra Nevada Mtns, of N. and E.C. California; W.C. Nevada (U.S.A.).
COMMENT: Revised by Thaeler, 1968, Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool., 86:1 -46.
ISIS NUMBER: 5301410003007006001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 2), pp. 382-392 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 382, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353025
A Statistical Model for Multiparty Electoral Data
Creators: name: Katz, Jonathan N.
name: King, Gary
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1998

description: We propose an internally consistent and comprehensive statistical model for analyzing multiparty, district-level aggregate election data. This model can be used to explain or predict how the geographic distribution of electoral results depends upon economic conditions, neighborhood ethnic compositions, campaign spending, and other features of the election campaign or characteristics of the aggregate areas. We also provide several new graphical representations for help in data exploration, model evaluation, and substantive interpretation.

Although the model applies more generally, we use it to help resolve an important controversy over the size of and trend in the electoral advantage of incumbency in Great Britain. Contrary to previous analyses, which are all based on measures now known to be biased, we demonstrate that the incumbency advantage is small but politically meaningful. We also find that it differs substantially across the parties, about half a percent for the Conservatives, 1% for the Labor Party, and 3% for the Liberal party and its successors. Also contrary to previous research, we show that these effects have not grown in recent years. Finally, we are able to estimate from which party each party's incumbency advantage is predominantly drawn.
description: Revised version. Original dated to August 1997.

An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago, Illinois, April 1997. Our thanks to Jim Alt, Larry Bartels, Neal Beck, M.F. Fuller, Dave Grether, Mike Herron, James Honaker, Ken Scheve, Ken Shepsle, Bob Sherman for helpful suggestions; Josh Tucker for useful suggestions and research assistance; Gary Cox for providing his British election data; and Selina Chen for help in collecting additional British data. Burt Monroe saw the virtues of using the compositional data analysis literature at essentially the same time as we did, and we appreciate his comments. For research support, Jonathan N. Katz thanks the Haynes Foundation, and Gary King thanks the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant SBR-932121).

Published as Katz, J.N., & King, G. (1999). A statistical model for multiparty electoral data. American Political Science Review, 93(1), 15-32.
description: Submitted - sswp1005_-_revised.pdf
On the Emergence of Cities
Creators: name: Page, Scott E.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997

description: This paper considers the formation of cities in a simple model in which the preferences of agents depend on at most two characteristics of a location: its population and its average distance to the other agents. In such a simple model it is possible to recreate phenomena such as path dependency and centrally located cities which have been generated in more sophisticated models. Moreover, an example is provided in which cities emerge in the sense that the micro level preferences of agents do not appear to favor locating near or with other agents. When nonlinear effects are included then it is possible to show that even if efficient equilibria exist, they are not likely to occur and that there may exist extreme sensitivity to initial conditions. The model suggests that the mapping from individual preferences to population distributions merits further study.
description: Published as Page, S.E. (1999). "On the Emergence of Cities". Journal of Urban Economics, 45(1), 184-208.
description: Submitted - sswp1002.pdf
Latin Majuscule Writing with semicursive hand: P. Herc. 394
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 94
description: "Annotations and bibliographical references on Tigranes, king of Armenia (I sec. BC). - Physical description of the 10 frames constituting P.Herc. 394; palaeographic description and drawing of the letters. Transcriptions of several fragments; drawings of some fragments (by Marichal). On the upper right corner of each sheet containing the transcription the indications 'micro' and 'Vu 54' are written with two different inks (light pink; dark pink); corrections and (later?) remarks with a different ink (light green). Photographs of the drawings. Photographs of the papyrus (sometimes with the date on the back, or with Marichal's indication of the number of bobin). - Below the number of the papyrus the indication 'Majuscule droite' is written by the same hand (Marichal?)"
description: Source: 4MAR_9_2_5-15.4
description: Relation: 4MAR_42_4-4, 4MAR_42_4-7
description: created: n.d., 1957
On Incentives and Updating in Agent Based Models
Creators: name: Page, Scott E.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997
Subjects: game of life cellular automata conformity dynamical systems complex systems

description: [No abstract]
description: Bob Axelrod, Ann Bell, Thad Brown, Colin Camerer, Bernardo Huberman, Mike McBurnett, and students in a computational economics class at UCLA helped to refine the ideas put forth in this paper.

Published as Page, S.E. (1997). On incentives and updating in agent based models. Computational Economics, 10(1), 67-87.
description: Submitted - sswp1001.pdf
Study on P.Mich. VIII 469 (inv. 5389) recto.
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 9
description: Typewriten description, bibliography, photo, transcription, typewriten commentary with notes, drawings of the alphabet, textual notes.
description: Source: 4MAR_21_3.2-15-2-8
description: created: n. d.
title: The Effect of HANS Device on Brain Pressure Values in Finite Element Brain Models
Creators: name: Jawale, Mihir M.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2008

description: A parametric study of behavior of different brain material properties when exposed to a mid-high severity pulse is presented. Few studies have considered brain pressure as a parameter to study the effect of change of brain material properties. Specifically pressure and strain values in the frontal and posterior fossa and occipital region of the brain are investigated for mid-high severity pulse.

The brain model is composed of several parts modeled as hexahedral elements and with different material properties. A parametric study of several material types of brain is conducted using MAthematical DYnamic MOdel (MADYMO). Initially only the finite element (FE) brain models are exposed to Nahum's pulse [4].

Furthermore the FE head model is attached to the hybrid III 50thpercentile dummy to create a coupled FE head dummy (CFEHD). The CFEHD is positioned in a sled representing a NASCAR environment and is restrained by a five-point harness. The CFEHD dummy is calibrated and further validated by comparing the neck and head kinematics and kinetics to the Hybrid III 50th percentile dummy when exposed to several pulses.

The Head And Neck Support (HANS) system along with a helmet are accurately digitized using the FARO platinum arm [20, 28] and converted into a MADYMO file. To study the effect of the HANS system, a 45G frontal peak pulse is applied to the dummy without and with the HANS device system. Kinematics and kinetics results such as Head Injury Criteria (HIC), neck injury predictor (NIJ), angular velocity and acceleration are reported and compared. In addition, FE brain results such as pressure and strain at the coup and contrecoup region are analyzed for material types varying (rom isolinear to nonlinear viscoelastic.
Choquet Rationality
Creators: name: Ghirardato, Paolo
name: Le Breton, Michel
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1999
Subjects: Revealed Preferences, Rationalizability, Belief Functions, Choquet Integrals

description: We provide a characterization of the consequences of the assumption that a decision maker with a given utility function is Choquet rational: She maximizes expected utility, but possibly with respect to non-additive beliefs, so that her preferences are represented by Choquet expected utility (CEU).

The characterization shows that this notion of rationality allows in general to rationalize more choices than it is possible when beliefs have to be additive. More surprisingly, we find that a considerable restriction on the types of beliefs allowed does not change the set of rational actions. We then remark on the relation between the predictions of C E U model, of a similar model (the maxmin expected utility model), and those of subjective expected utility when the risk attitude of the decision maker is not known. We close with an application of the result to the definition of a solution concept (in the spirit of rationalizability) for strategic-form games.
description: Revised version. Original dated to March 1997.

A previous version of this paper was circulated with the title "Choquet Rationalizability." We are indebted to Paolo Battigalli, Kim Border, Larry Epstein, John Ledyard, Massimo Marinacci, Igal Milchtaich, Klaus Nehring and audiences at Berkeley, Caltech, Paris VI and the LOFT 2 conference (Turin, December 1996) , the Conference on "Rationality in Game Theory and Utility Theory" (Caen, June 1997) and ESEM 97 (Toulouse, August 1997) for helpful comments and discussion. The second author is grateful to the Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences at Caltech for its hospitality during the period in which this paper was written.

Published as Ghirardato, P., & Le Breton, M. (2000). Choquet rationality. Journal of Economic Theory, 90(2), 277-285.
description: Submitted - sswp1000_-_revised.pdf
Revolutionary Finance? Capital Mobilization and Utilization in Pre-War Germany and Italy
Creators: name: Fohlin, Caroline
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997

description: Accumulation, mobilization, and efficient utilization of capital represent serious obstacles to industrialization. Financial institutions may ease these problems by stimulating savings, matching savers and investors, and offering business or investment advice to entrepreneurs. German-style universal banks are believed by many to have played a crucial part in overcoming all three capital related stumbling blocks. Using evidence on deposit taking and branching, banks' liability structure, interlocking directorates between banks and industrial companies, and firm-level investment patterns, the paper investigates the role of German and Italian universal banks in the mobilization and efficient utilization of capital at the turn of the last century.
description: Submitted - sswp999.pdf
An Aggregate Nested Logit Model of Political Participation
Creators: name: Dubin, Jeffrey A.
name: Kalsow, Gretchen A.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1997
Subjects: Panel data, single equation models, multiple equation models, discrete regression, rent-seeking, elections, legislatures, economic models

description: This paper builds an aggregate nested model of political participation. We use a three-event model of voting behavior that incorporates the registration, turnout, and ballot completion decisions. The definitions of registration, turnout, and ballot completion used in this paper reflect the nested nature of the model. The concept of a nested model allows us to determine the elasticity of participation in total and for specific events within the model. We find that African-Americans register more often than non-Latino whites, turnout less for general elections, and complete less of the ballot. We also find that minorities do not vote in equal proportions to non-minorities even in those instances where they have the greatest chance of influencing the outcome, such as in primaries and mid-term election.
description: Submitted - sswp998.pdf
title: The Death of Jefferson Davis
Creators: name: Dell, Kasey J.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2011

description: Although there are numerous studies of Jefferson Davis and countless more of the Civil War and its consequences, little work has been done to study what the death of Jefferson Davis revealed in terms of the United States' reunification. A political nonperson in the nation's capital, Davis was never fully pardoned and did not receive full rights of citizenship in his lifetime, giving him a unique position in society. Moreover, as the former president of the Confederacy, he was a polarizing figure whose death elicited strong emotions.

The response to Davis's death, almost twenty-five years after the Civil War ended, shows a country not completely healed from the War. White southern mourning of Davis demonstrated the various degrees of healing, or lack thereof, that followed the Civil War and the policies of Reconstruction. In the South's rebranding of the War in its own terms, Davis transformed from a perceived political failure to an unrepentant, southern cultural icon; a martyr for the South. Conversely, in the North, many people were appalled that the South held grand memorials and widely praised Davis, while others were confused and disappointed that the South continued to dwell on the past.

By studying events in Davis's life, perceived offenses against the South, and the cultural rebuilding of southern states following their defeat in the Civil War, the responses to the death of Jefferson Davis can be seen to reveal the uneasy atmosphere of the era.
Linkage Politics
Creators: name: Lohmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1996

description: I extend the basic repeated Prisoners' Dilemma to allow for the linkage of punishment strategies across issues (issue linkage) as well as decentralized third-party enforcement (player linkage). I then synthesize the concepts of issue and player linkage to develop the notion of domestic-international linkage, which allows for the linkage of trigger strategy punishments across games played over different issues by different sets of players. In a two-level game, domestic and international cooperation may be reinforced by a punishment linkage: a defection in the domestic game may trigger a breakdown of international cooperation, and vice versa. I also examine the conditions under which the incentives to cooperate are stronger at the domestic level than at the international level, and vice versa. In this case domestic-international linkage allows for the credibility surplus to spill over to the level with the credibility deficit. Finally, I provide conditions under which governments are better off delinking domestic and international issues.
description: Revised version. Original dated to May 1994.

Earlier drafts of this paper were presented at the 1994 and 1995 conferences on ''New Games: Modelling International Relations after the Cold War" at the University of California, San Diego, the 1995 meetings of the Public Choice Society, and the 1996 meetings of the International Studies Association. James Fearon, Jeffry Frieden, David Lake, Lisa Martin, James Morrow, Paul Papayoanou, Duncan Snidal, and Arthur Stein provided insightful comments. I am deeply indebted to Robert Pahre and an anonymous referee for their detailed critique of an earlier draft.

Published as Lohmann, S. (1997). Linkage politics. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 41(1), 38-67.
description: Submitted - sswp996_-_revised.pdf
Sundamys maxi
Creators: name: Don E. Wilson
name: Russell A. Mittermeier
name: Thomas E. Lacher, Jr
Publisher: name: Lynx Edicions
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Sundamys
Sundamys maxi

description: 760.
Bartels’s Rat
Sundamys maxi
French: Sundamys de Java / German: Bartels-Sunda-Riesenratte / Spanish: Rata de Sonda de Bartels
Other common names: Javan Sundamys
Taxonomy. Rattus maxi Sody, 1932,
Cibuni, Bandung, Java, Indonesia.
In a recent phylogenetic analysis, S. max: was found to be the sister species to S. muelleri. Monotypic.
Distribution. WJava.
Descriptive notes. Head-body 218- 270 mm, tail 258-309 mm, ear 24-28 mm, hindfoot 52-55 mm; weight 521-643 g. Bartels’s Rat is similar in size to the Mountain Giant Rat (S. infraluteus). Dorsum is a dark brown while a venteris a slightly paler dark brown with no demarcation between the two. Tail is long (c.116% of head-body length) and dark brown as well. Ears and vibrissae are long and dark. Feet are furred dorsally and dark brown. Like for the Mountain Giant Rat, skull of Bartels’s Rat is much larger than those of Annandale’s Sundaic Rat (S. annandalei) and Muller’s Rat (S. muelleri). In Bartels’s Rat, stapedial arterial branch is reduced or absent, and internal maxillary artery branches from main internal carotid artery. In some individuals, alisphenoid strut is present. Sphenopterygoid vacuity is present and much larger in most specimens compared with other species of Sundamys.Bartels’s Rat and the Mountain Giant Rat have large molars relative to their skull lengths. Cusp t3 on M* and M? is present and well-developed. There are four pairs of mammae: one pectoral, one post-axillary, and two inguinal.
Habitat. Likely primary forested habitats at elevations of 900-1350 m.
Food and Feeding. No information.
Breeding. No information.
Activity patterns. Bartels’s Rat is probably nocturnal and terrestrial.
Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information.
Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Bartels’s Rat is known only from the type series collected in 1932-1935. It is probably highly threatened by human activities in its type locality in Java where nearly no forest habitat remains.
Bibliography. Camacho-Sanchez et al. (2017), Chasen (1940), Musser & Carleton (2005), Musser & Newcomb (1983), Musser & Ruedas (2008j), Sody (1931).
description: Published as part of Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier & Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, 2017, Muridae, pp. 536-884 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 866, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6887260
Paleographical study on P.Ryl. 610 (ChLA IV 247).
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 1
description: Drawings of the letters of the papyrus.
description: Source: 4MAR_19_3.2-3
description: created: n. d.