cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Writing Spin in a Quantum Dot with Ferromagnetic and Superconducting Electrodes
Creators: name: Zhu, Yu
name: Sun, Qing-feng
name: Lin, Tsung-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an efficient mechanism for the operation of writing spin in a quantum dot, which is an ideal candidate for qubit. The idea is based on the Andreev reflection induced spin polarization (ARISP) in a ferromagnetic / quantum-dot / superconductor system. We find that on the resonance of Andreev reflection, the spin polarization of quantum dot strongly denpends on the magnetization of ferromagnetic electrode, and the sign of the spin polarization is controllable by bias voltage. In the presence of intradot Coulomb interaction, we show that ARISP effect can still survive as long as the charging energy is comparable to the superconducting gap. Detailed conditions and properties of ARISP are also discussed.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
MOESM4 of FKB327, an adalimumab biosimilar, versus the reference product: results of a randomized, Phase III, double-blind study, and its open-label extension
Creators: name: Genovese, Mark
name: Glover, Josephine
name: Greenwald, Maria
name: Wieslawa Porawska
name: Khouri, Elias
name: Dokoupilova, Eva
name: Vargas, Juan
name: Stanislavchuk, Mykola
name: Kellner, Herbert
name: Baranova, Elena
name: Nobuhito Matsunaga
name: Alten, Rieke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. ADA status at scheduled sampling points during Period II (extension study).
MOESM3 of FKB327, an adalimumab biosimilar, versus the reference product: results of a randomized, Phase III, double-blind study, and its open-label extension
Creators: name: Genovese, Mark
name: Glover, Josephine
name: Greenwald, Maria
name: Wieslawa Porawska
name: Khouri, Elias
name: Dokoupilova, Eva
name: Vargas, Juan
name: Stanislavchuk, Mykola
name: Kellner, Herbert
name: Baranova, Elena
name: Nobuhito Matsunaga
name: Alten, Rieke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Baseline patient demographics and disease characteristics by treatment sequence in Period II.
Biphoton shaping with cascaded entangled-photon sources
Creators: name: Riazi, Arash
name: Chen, Changjia
name: Zhu, Eric Y.
name: Gladyshev, Alexey V.
name: Kazansky, Peter G.
name: Sipe, J. E.
name: Qian, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum entanglement is an integral part of quantum optics and has been exploited in areas such as computation, cryptography and metrology. The entanglement between photons can be present in various degrees of freedom (DOFs), and even the simplest bi-partite systems can occupy a large Hilbert space. Therefore, it is desirable to exploit this multi-dimensional space for various quantum applications by fully controlling the properties of the entangled photons in multiple DOFs. While current entangled-photon sources are capable of generating entanglement in one or more DOFs, there is currently a lack of practical techniques that can shape and control the entanglement properties in multiple DOFs. Here we show that cascading two or more entangled-photon sources with tunable linear media in between allows us to generate photon-pairs whose entanglement properties can be tailored and shaped in the frequency and polarisation domains. We first develop a quantum mechanical model to study the quantum state generated from the cascade structure with special considerations paid to the effects of pump temporal coherence, linear dispersion, and in-structure polarisation transformation applied between the entangled-photon sources. We then experimentally generate photon-pairs with tunable entanglement properties by manipulating the dispersion and birefringence properties of the linear medium placed in between two entangled-photon sources. This is done in an all-fibre, phase stable, and alignment-free configuration. Our results show that the cascade structure offers a great deal of flexibility in tuning the properties of entangled photons in multiple DOFs, opening up a new avenue in engineering quantum light sources.
title: Long-Run Demand for M1
Creators: name: Hendry, Scott
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: The goal of this paper is to investigate and estimate long-run relationships among M1, prices, output and interest rates, with a view to determining if there is a stable relationship that can be interpreted as long-run money demand. The paper uses a maximum-likelihood multiple-equation cointegration technique, developed by Johansen, to fit a system of equations to the data.

One finding is that long-run, but not short-run, unitary price elasticity is easily accepted, while the income elasticity is close to one-half. The coefficients on the deviation of money from its long-run equilibrium in the vector error-correction model imply that when M1 is above its long-run demand, money will decrease and prices increase to restore long-run equilibrium. The effects of the deviation on output and interest rates are insignificant, pointing to the weak exogeneity of these variables.

The implication of the results is that all the adjustment to return the economy to monetary equilibrium comes from fluctuations in money and prices. However, this does not preclude the possibility that changes in the stock of money may have short-run real effects. Indeed, the results suggest that changes in M1 lead short-term changes in output.
description: Dans cette étude, l'auteur procède à l'analyse et à l'estimation des relations à long terme entre M1, les prix, la production et les taux d'intérêt, en vue de déterminer s'il y a entre ces variables une relation stable qui peut être interprétée comme une fonction de demande de monnaie à long terme. À cette fin, l'auteur cherche à rattacher un système d'équations aux données en recourant à la technique de cointégration proposée par Johansen, en l'occurrence celle à équation multiple axée sur la méthode du maximum de vraisemblance.

L'une des conclusions que tire l'auteur est que, à long terme, une élasticité-prix égale à l'unité se vérifie aisément, ce qui n'est pas le cas à court terme, tandis que l'élasticité-revenu s'approche de un demi à long terme. Les coefficients de l'écart du stock de monnaie par rapport à sa valeur d'équilibre de long terme dans le modèle vectoriel de correction des erreurs montrent que, lorsque M1 est supérieur à la demande à long terme, ce dernier baisse, et les prix montent de manière à rétablir l'équilibre de long terme. Les effets de l'écart du stock de monnaie sur la production et les taux d'intérêt ne sont pas significatifs, ce qui témoigne de la faible exogénéité de ces variables.

Il ressort de ces résultats que l'ajustement nécessaire à la restauration de l'équilibre monétaire au sein de l'économie est entièrement attribuable à des fluctuations du stock de monnaie et des prix. Cela n'empêche pas toutefois que des variations du stock de monnaie puissent avoir des effets réels à court terme. En effet, les résultats de l'étude tendent à montrer que les variations de M1 précèdent les variations à court terme de la production.
title: The Empirical Performance of Alternative Monetary and Liquidity Aggregates
Creators: name: Atta-Mensah, Joseph
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: This paper examines the empirical performance of alternatives to the monetary aggregates currently published by the Bank of Canada. The results show that real M1 and real M1a perform about equally well in providing leading information about real output at short horizons. However, on theoretical grounds, M1a is a more attractive aggregate, since it excludes federal government deposits held at trust companies (M1 excludes only such deposits held at banks). Also, the broad aggregates—M2+, M2d (the sum of M2+, treasury bills, provincial savings bonds, and Canada Savings Bonds), M3b (the sum of M2d, mutual funds, 1- to 3-year government bonds, mortgage-backed securities, foreign holders of Canadian dollar deposits, and foreign currency deposits of residents booked in Canada), and LLb (the sum of M3b, bankers' acceptances, and commercial paper issued by non-financial corporations)—generally are the best in providing leading information about inflation at long horizons (one to two years) across the various models that were considered. Also, in the context of P* models of inflation, M1 performs well as a leading indicator of inflation with long leads. Based on the analyses carried out in this paper, the aggregates M1, M1a, M2+, M2d, M3b and LLb are found to be deserving of further attention.
description: Dans cette étude, l'auteur examine la tenue sur le plan empirique de différents agrégats monétaires autres que ceux qui sont publiés à l'heure actuelle par la Banque du Canada. Il en ressort que M1 et M1a réels se comportent à peu près aussi bien l'un que l'autre en tant qu'indicateurs avancés de la production réelle sur de courts horizons. Toutefois, M1a est plus intéressant du point de vue théorique, puisqu'il n'englobe pas les dépôts du gouvernement fédéral tenus dans les sociétés de fiducie (M1 n'exclut que les dépôts du gouvernement fédéral qui sont tenus dans les banques). De même, dans les différents modèles analysés par l'auteur, ce sont les agrégats au sens large – M2+, M2d (c.-à-d. M2+ plus les bons du Trésor, les obligations d'épargne provinciales et les obligations d'épargne du Canada), M3b (c.-à-d. M2d plus les fonds mutuels, les obligations du gouvernement de un à trois ans, les titres hypothécaires, les dépôts en dollars canadiens détenus par des étrangers et les dépôts en monnaies étrangères comptabilisés au Canada au nom des résidents) et LLb (c.-à-d. M3b plus les acceptations bancaires et le papier commercial émis par des sociétés non financières) – qui fournissent généralement les meilleurs renseignements sur l'évolution future de l'inflation sur de longs horizons (de un à deux ans). Par ailleurs, des tests effectués à l'aide de modèles P* de prévision de l'inflation montrent que M1 est un bon indicateur de l'évolution à long terme de l'inflation. Il ressort des analyses effectuées dans le cadre de cette étude que les agrégats M1, M1a, M2+, M2d, M3b et LLb méritent qu'on s'y intéresse davantage.
Nuclear composition and heating in accreting neutron-star crusts
Creators: name: Haensel, P.
name: Zdunik, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reactions in accreting neutron-star crusts and the heat release accompanying them are studied, under different assumptions concerning the composition of the outermost layer formed of the ashes of X-ray bursts. Particular examples of ashes containing nuclides with A ~ 90-110 are considered and compared with a standard A=56 case. In all cases, evolution of a crust shell is followed from 10^8 g/cm^3 to a few times 10^{13} g/cm^3. The total crustal heating produced in the non-equilibrium processes in the accreting crust is 1.1-1.5 MeV per one accreted nucleon. The composition of the accreted crust at densities exceeding the threshold for the pycnonuclear fusion is essentially independent of the assumed initial composition of the X-ray burst ashes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in A&A Letters
title: Estimating and Projecting Potential Output Using Structural VAR Methodology: The Case of the Mexican Economy
Creators: name: DeSerres, Alain
name: Guay, Alain
name: St-Amant, Pierre
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: In this paper the authors show how potential output can be estimated and projected through an approach derived from the structural vector autoregression methodology. This approach is applied to the Mexican economy. To identify demand, supply and world oil shocks, the authors assume that demand shocks do not have a permanent effect on output and

description: Dans la présente étude, les auteurs montrent qu'il est possible d'estimer et de prévoir le niveau de production potentielle en utilisant une approche dérivée de la méthode structurelle d'autorégression vectorielle. Cette approche est appliquée dans la modélisation de l'économie mexicaine. Pour identifier les chocs de demande et d'offre et les chocs de prix mondiaux du...
MOESM2 of FKB327, an adalimumab biosimilar, versus the reference product: results of a randomized, Phase III, double-blind study, and its open-label extension
Creators: name: Genovese, Mark
name: Glover, Josephine
name: Greenwald, Maria
name: Wieslawa Porawska
name: Khouri, Elias
name: Dokoupilova, Eva
name: Vargas, Juan
name: Stanislavchuk, Mykola
name: Kellner, Herbert
name: Baranova, Elena
name: Nobuhito Matsunaga
name: Alten, Rieke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Effect of maximum ADA titer results on serum drug concentration from weeks 0 to 54 for (A) FKB327–FKB327, (B) FKB327–RP, (C) RP–FKB327 and (D) RP–RP.
On the boundary condition and related instability in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Ye, Chong
name: Mota, Philipe
name: Li, Jin
name: Lin, Kai
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we explore various relevant aspects of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics regarding Burger's equation. The stability, precision, and efficiency of the algorithm are investigated in terms of different implementations. In particular, we argue that the boundary condition plays an essential role in the stability of numerical implementation. Besides, the issue is shown to be closely associated with the initial particle distribution and the interpolation scheme. Among others, we introduce an interpolation scheme termed symmetrized finite particle method. The main advantage of the scheme is that its implementation does not involve any derivative of the kernel function. Concerning the equation of motion, the calculations are carried out using two distinct scenarios where the particles are chosen to be either stationary or dynamically evolved. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by using the standard finite difference method for spatial derivatives. Our numerical results indicate subtle differences between different schemes regarding the choice of boundary condition. In particular, a novel type of instability is observed where the regular distribution is compromised as the particles start to traverse each other. Implications and further discussions of the present study are also addressed.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Pair loading in Gamma-Ray Burst Fireball And Prompt Emission From Pair-Rich Reverse Shock
Creators: name: Li, Zhuo
name: Dai, Z. G.
name: Lu, T.
name: Song, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to originate from ultra-relativistic winds/fireballs to avoid the "compactness problem". However, the most energetic photons in GRBs may still suffer from $γ-γ$ absorption leading to electron/positron pair production in the winds/fireballs. We show here that in a wide range of model parameters, the resulting pairs may dominate those electrons associated with baryons. Later on, the pairs would be carried into a reverse shock so that a shocked pair-rich fireball may produce a strong flash at lower frequencies, i.e. in the IR band, in contrast with optical/UV emission from a pair-poor fireball. The IR emission would show a 5/2 spectral index due to strong self-absorption. Rapid responses to GRB triggers in the IR band would detect such strong flashes. The future detections of many IR flashes will infer that the rarity of prompt optical/UV emissions is in fact due to dust obscuration in the star formation regions.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, ApJ accepted
MOESM1 of FKB327, an adalimumab biosimilar, versus the reference product: results of a randomized, Phase III, double-blind study, and its open-label extension
Creators: name: Genovese, Mark
name: Glover, Josephine
name: Greenwald, Maria
name: Wieslawa Porawska
name: Khouri, Elias
name: Dokoupilova, Eva
name: Vargas, Juan
name: Stanislavchuk, Mykola
name: Kellner, Herbert
name: Baranova, Elena
name: Nobuhito Matsunaga
name: Alten, Rieke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Subgroup analysis of ACR20 response rate at week 24 (end of Period I) by (A) prior biological treatment for RA and screening DAS28-CRP category and (B) geographical region.
Disc-jet coupling in an atoll-type neutron star X-ray binary: 4U 1728-34 (GX 354-0)
Creators: name: Migliari, Simone
name: Fender, Rob
name: Rupen, Michael
name: Jonker, Peter
name: Klein-Wolt, Marc
name: Hjellming, Robert
name: van der Klis, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analysed 12 simultaneous radio (VLA) and X-ray (RXTE) observations of the atoll-type X-ray binary 4U 1728-34, performed in two blocks in 2000 and 2001. We have found that the strongest and most variable emission seems to be associated with repeated transitions between hard (island) and softer (lower banana) X-ray states, while weaker, persistent radio emission is observed when the source is steadily in the hard X-ray state. There is a significant positive ranking correlation between the radio flux density at 8.46 GHz and the 2-10 keV X-ray flux. Moreover, significant positive ranking correlations between radio flux density and X-ray timing features (i.e. break and low-frequency Lorentzian frequencies) have been found. These correlations represent the first evidence for a coupling between disc and jet in an atoll-type X-ray binary. Furthermore, drawing an analogy between the hard (island) state and the low/hard state of black hole binaries, we confirm previous findings that accreting neutron stars are a factor of ~30 less `radio loud' than black holes.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
title: Empirical Evidence on the Cost of Adjustment and Dynamic Labour Demand
Creators: name: Amano, Robert
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: In this paper the author examines whether there is significant evidence of the effect of adjustment costs on Canadian labour demand. This is an important question, as sluggish adjustment of labour demand resulting from significant adjustment costs may be one factor that could help explain some of the unemployment persistence found in Canadian data.

The author uses a linear-quadratic model and attempts to estimate the relative adjustment costs of labour demand as well as its rate of adjustment towards long-run equilibrium. In contrast to others who have examined the dynamic behaviour of labour demand, the author estimates the structural parameters using the Euler equation and employs a limited-information approach that does not require an explicit solution for the model's control variables in terms of the forcing processes.

The empirical estimates imply that adjustment costs are about four times more important than disequilibrium costs and that it takes over three and a half years for 90 per cent of labour demand adjustment to be completed. Therefore the author concludes that significant adjustment costs are an important feature of Canadian labour demand and that sluggishness due to these costs may be one explanatory factor in unemployment persistence.

description: Dans le présent document, l'auteur cherche à établir s'il existe des preuves empiriques significatives confortant l'hypothèse que les coûts d'ajustement de la demande de travail au Canada agissent sur cette dernière. C'est là une importante question, car si cette hypothèse se confirmait, cela pourrait contribuer à expliquer en partie la persistance du chômage relevée dans les données canadiennes.

À l'aide d'un modèle quadratique linéaire, l'auteur tente d'estimer les coûts d'ajustement relatifs de la demande de travail aussi bien que le rythme d'ajustement de cette dernière vers l'équilibre à long terme. Contrairement aux autres chercheurs qui se sont intéressés au comportement dynamique de la demande de travail, l'auteur estime les paramètres structurels à l'aide de l'équation d'Euler et d'une méthode du maximum de vraisemblance à information limitée qui n'exige pas que les variables de contrôle du modèle soient explicitement résolues en fonction des variables d'impulsion exogènes.

Les estimations empiriques impliquent que les coûts d'ajustement vers l'équilibre sont environ quatre fois plus élevés que les coûts obtenus en l'absence d'équilibre et que l'ajustement de la demande de travail s'achève dans une proportion de 90 % au bout d'un peu plus de trois ans et demi. Par conséquent, l'auteur conclut que les coûts d'ajustement élevés de la demande de travail au Canada constituent une importante caractéristique de celle-ci et que la lenteur d'ajustement due à ces coûts est une cause possible de la persistance du chômage.
The first CCD photometric study of the open cluster NGC 2126
Creators: name: Gaspar, A.
name: Kiss, L. L.
name: Bedding, T. R.
name: Derekas, A.
name: Kaspi, S.
name: Kiss, Cs.
name: Sarneczky, K.
name: Szabo, Gy. M.
name: Varadi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first CCD photometric observations of the northern open cluster NGC 2126. Data were taken on eight nights in February and December 2002 with a total time span of ~57 hours. Almost 1000 individual V-band frames were examined to find short-period variable stars. We discovered six new variable stars, of which one is a promising candidate for an eclipsing binary with a pulsating component. Two stars were classified as delta Scuti stars and one as Algol-type eclipsing binary. Two stars are slow variables with ambiguous classification. From absolute VRI photometry we have estimated the main characteristics of the cluster: m-M=11.0+/-0.5, E(V-I)=0.4+/-0.1, E(V-R)=0.08+/-0.06 (E(B-V)=0.2+/-0.15) and d=1.3+/-0.6 kpc. Cluster membership is suggested for three variable stars from their positions on the colour-magnitude diagram.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
MOESM1 of Challenges of one-year longitudinal follow-up of a prospective, observational cohort study using an anonymised database: recommendations for trainee research collaboratives
Creators: name: Nepogodiev, Dmitri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. OAKS collaborator survey responses, centre activity and data completeness at one-year postoperatively.
Ab-initio determination of the localized/delocalized f-manifold in UPd_2Al_3
Creators: name: Petit, L.
name: Svane, A.
name: Temmerman, W. M.
name: Szotek, Z.
name: Tyer, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of UPd_2Al_3 is described using the self-interaction corrected local-spin-density approximation to density functional theory. The groundstate is found to be characterized by the coexistence of localized (f^2) and delocalized U f electrons, in agreement with experimental evidence. We observe significant difference in electronic structure between UPd_2Al_3 and the previously studied UPt_3 compound. Even though a trend towards localization exists in UPt_3, the total energies and the density of states at the Fermi level favor a groundstate with localized f^1, rather than f^2 U ions.
Consistent distances from Baade-Wesselink analyses of Cepheids and RR Lyraes
Creators: name: Kovács, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using the same algorithm in the Baade-Wesselink analyses of Galactic RR Lyrae and Cepheid variables, it is shown that, within 0.03 mag (1 sigma) statistical error, they yield the same distance modulus for the Large Magellanic Cloud. By fixing the zero point of the color-temperature calibration to those of the current infrared flux methods and using updated period-luminosity-color relations, we get an average value of 18.55 for the true distance modulus of the LMC.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; to appear in MNRAS (Pink Pages)
Universal Fourier expansions of Bianchi modular forms
Creators: name: Wong, Tian An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F30, 11F67

description: We generalize Merel's work on universal Fourier expansions to Bianchi modular forms over Euclidean imaginary quadratic fields, under the assumption of the nondegeneracy of a pairing between Bianchi modular forms and Bianchi modular symbols. Among the key inputs is a computation of the action of Hecke operators on Manin symbols, and building upon the Heilbronn-Merel matrices constructed by Mohamed.
description: 13 pages. International Journal of Number Theory
title: Government Debt and Deficits In Canada: A Macro Simulation Analysis
Creators: name: Macklem, Tiff
name: Rose, David
name: Tetlow, Robert
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: This paper examines the macroeconomic implications of rising government debt in Canada and the short-run costs and long-run benefits of stemming the rise.

The discussion begins with an evaluation of the long-run consequences of increasing government indebtedness, first based on the simple arithmetic of the government's long-run budget constraint, and then based on simulations of the Bank of Canada's main model of the Canadian economy, which incorporates several channels through which government debt may affect real economic activity. The principal conclusion is that the main economic cost of higher government debt is a lower sustainable level of domestic consumption.

Simulations with the full dynamic model highlight the trade-off of short-run loss for long-run gain presented by deficit reduction. There are important short-run costs of stemming a rise in debt. However, the results of this paper show that substantial net gains are obtained from doing so, since the present value of the permanent long-term gains in consumption far outweigh these short-term costs. The simulations also suggest that a fiscal contraction would require an easing of monetary conditions relative to what they would have otherwise been to maintain an inflation target.
description: Les auteurs examinent les répercussions macroéconomiques de l'accroissement de la dette publique au Canada ainsi que les avantages et les inconvénients qui sont liés, à long et à court terme respectivement, à une décélération de cette dernière.

Les auteurs commencent par évaluer les conséquences à long terme d'un accroissement de l'endettement du secteur public en s'appuyant d'abord sur un calcul simple de la contrainte budgétaire à long terme du secteur public, puis sur des simulations effectuées à l'aide du principal modèle que la Banque utilise pour représenter l'économie canadienne. Ce modèle incorpore différents mécanismes permettant à la dette du secteur public d'influer sur l'activité économique réelle. La principale conclusion que tirent les auteurs est qu'une baisse permanente du niveau de la consommation intérieure constitue le plus important coût économique que peut engendrer l'accroissement de l'endettement du secteur public.

Les simulations effectuées à l'aide du modèle dynamique complet font ressortir l'arbitrage qui existe entre les pertes à court terme et les gains à long terme découlant d'une réduction du déficit et indiquent que les coûts à court terme d'une décélération de la dette sont importants. La présente étude montre toutefois qu'un tel ralentissement donne lieu à des gains nets substantiels, étant donné que la valeur actuelle de l'accroissement permanent à long terme de la consommation est de loin supérieure aux coûts à court terme. Les simulations laissent également supposer qu'un resserrement de la politique budgétaire nécessiterait des conditions monétaires plus souples que ce ne serait le cas si une cible de réduction de l'inflation était maintenue.
title: Changes in the Inflation Process in Canada: Evidence and Implications
Creators: name: Hostland, Doug
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: The Canadian economy is currently in transition from a period of disinflation to one with a very low and relatively stable inflation rate. Against this background, the author asks whether reduced-form parameters should be expected to be invariant to changes in the inflation process.

This raises two empirical issues. The first relates to whether shifts in the Canadian inflation process can be identified over time. It appears so, since casual observation as well as various statistical procedures indicate that there was a unique period from the mid-1950s to the early 1970s when inflation was low and relatively stable.

The second issue relates to whether there is evidence that parameter instability corresponds to shifts in the inflation regime. Statistical tests indicate that parameter instability is an important concern in reduced-form models of the inflation process, particularly for the early 1970s.

The evidence for Canada suggests that inflation forecasts from reduced-form models may be unreliable in the presence of important changes in the inflation process.
description: L'économie canadienne est en transition entre une phase de désinflation et une période caractérisée par un taux d'inflation très bas et relativement stable. Dans ce contexte, l'auteur se demande s'il faut s'attendre à ce que les paramètres d'une équation de forme réduite soient insensibles aux changements qui s'opèrent dans le processus d'inflation.

Deux questions empiriques se posent à cet égard. En premier lieu, il faut déterminer si des modifications peuvent être décelées au fil du temps dans le processus d'inflation au Canada. Il semble qu'il en soit ainsi, puisqu'une analyse des données, même superficielle, de même que diverses méthodes statistiques révèlent que le Canada a vécu une période unique de taux d'inflation bas et relativement stables, soit du milieu des années 50 au début des années 70.

En deuxième lieu, il faut établir s'il y a des preuves que l'instabilité des paramètres correspond à des changements du régime d'inflation. Les tests statistiques indiquent qu'il faut prendre en considération l'instabilité des paramètres dans les modèles de forme réduite relatifs au processus d'inflation, particulièrement pour le début des années 70.

Les résultats obtenus pour le Canada donnent à penser que les prévisions d'inflation faites à l'aide de modèles de forme réduite peuvent ne pas être fiables quand d'importants changements s'opèrent dans le processus d'inflation.
Continuous demixing at liquid-vapor coexistence in a symmetrical binary fluid mixture
Creators: name: Wilding, Nigel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a Monte Carlo finite-size scaling study of the demixing transition of a symmetrical Lennard-Jones binary fluid mixture. For equal concentration of species, and for a choice of the unlike-to-like interaction ratio delta=0.7, this transition is found to be continuous at liquid-vapor coexistence. The associated critical end point exhibits Ising-like universality. These findings confirm those of earlier smaller scale simulation studies of the same model, but contradict the findings of recent integral equation and hierarchical reference theory investigations.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
MOESM1 of hnRNPK promotes gastric tumorigenesis through regulating CD44E alternative splicing
Creators: name: Wei-Zhao Peng
name: Ji-Xi Liu
name: Li, Chao-Feng
name: Ma, Ren
name: Jian-Zheng Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used for qRT-PCR. Table S2. Primers used for ChIP-qPCR.
Iron abundance in the ICM at high redshift
Creators: name: Tozzi, P.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Ettori, S.
name: Borgani, S.
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Norman, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of the X-ray spectra of 18 distant clusters of galaxies with redshift 0.3 < z < 1.3. Most of them were observed with the Chandra satellite in long exposures ranging from 36 ks to 180 ks. For two of the z>1 clusters we also use deep XMM-Newton observations. Overall, these clusters probe the temperature range 3 =0.8 is Z =0.25 +0.04 -0.06 Zo, consistent with the local canonical metallicity value, Z ~0.3 Zo, within 1sigma confidence level. Medium and low temperature clusters (kT <5 keV) tend to have larger iron abundances than hot clusters. At redshift ~1.2 (4 clusters at z>1) we obtain a statistically significant detection of the Fe-K line only in one cluster (Z>0.10 Zo at the 90% c.l.). Combining all the current data set from Chandra and XMM at z>1, the average metallicity is measured to be = 0.21 +0.10 -0.05 Zo (1sigma error), thus suggesting no evolution of the mean iron abundance out to z~1.2.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures, ApJ in press
null alkaline Phosphataseaktivität
Creators: name: Schaub, Iris
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 570 Life science

description: Die alkaline Phosphataseaktivität wird seit den 70er Jahren in der aquatischen Ökologie als Indikator für eine Phosphorlimitation in Phytoplanktongemeinschaften eingesetzt. Die Indikatorfunktion beruht darauf, dass viele Phytoplankter unter niedrigen Phosphatkonzentrationen die Synthese von alkalinen Phosphatasen induzieren. In dieser Dissertation wurde die Indikatorfunktion anhand von drei, ökologisch sehr unterschiedlichen, Gewässern neu bewertet. Es werden Empfehlungstipps gegeben wie die AlkPA-Messungen durchgeführt werden sollten, um Missinterpretationen der Ergebnisse zu minimieren.
title: Analytical Derivatives for Markov Switching Models
Creators: name: Gable, Jeff
name: van Norden, Simon
name: Vigfusson, Robert
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: This paper derives analytical gradients for a broad class of regime-switching models with Markovian state-transition probabilities. Such models are usually estimated by maximum likelihood methods, which require the derivatives of the likelihood function with respect to the parameter vector. These gradients are usually calculated by means of numerical techniques. The paper shows that analytical gradients considerably speed up maximum-likelihood estimation with no loss in accuracy. A sample program listing is included.
description: Dans cette étude, les auteurs dérivent des gradients analytiques pour toute une catégorie de modèles à changement de régime comportant des probabilités de transition à la Markov. Ces modèles sont généralement estimés à l'aide de méthodes du maximum de vraisemblance, qui nécessitent que la fonction de vraisemblance soit dérivée par rapport au vecteur des paramètres du modèle. Les gradients sont habituellement calculés à l'aide de techniques numériques. Les auteurs montrent que l'utilisation de gradients analytiques accélère considérablement les estimations effectuées à l'aide des méthodes du maximum de vraisemblance, sans toutefois nuire à leur précision. Un imprimé du programme informatique est fourni à la fin de l'étude.
The relation between the two-point and the three-point correlation functions in the non-linear gravitational clustering regime
Creators: name: Koyama, Hiroko
name: Yano, Taihei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between the two-point and the three-point correlation functions in the non-linear gravitational clustering regime is studied. Under a scaling hypothesis, we find that the three-point correlation function, $ζ$, obeys the scaling law $ζ\propto ξ^{\frac{3m+4w-2ε}{2m+2w}}$ in the nonlinear regime, where $ξ$, $m$, $w$, and $ε$ are the two-point correlation function, the power index of the power spectrum in the nonlinear regime, the number of spatial dimensions, and the power index of the phase correlations, respectively. The new formula reveals the origin of the power index of the three-point correlation function. We also obtain the theoretical condition for which the ``hierarchical form'' $ζ\proptoξ^2$ is reproduced.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in APJ. Some sentences and figures are revised
title: Exchange Rates and Oil Prices
Creators: name: Amano, Robert
name: van Norden, Simon
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 1995

description: This paper derives analytical gradients for a broad class of regime-switching models with Markovian state-transition probabilities. Such models are usually estimated by maximum likelihood methods, which require the derivatives of the likelihood function with respect to the parameter vector. These gradients are usually calculated by means of numerical techniques. The paper shows that analytical gradients considerably speed up maximum-likelihood estimation with no loss in accuracy. A sample program listing is included.
description: Les auteurs mettent en évidence une relation robuste et intéressante entre le prix intérieur réel du pétrole et les taux de change effectifs réels pour l'Allemagne, le Japon et les États-Unis. Ils expliquent pourquoi ils sont d'avis que le prix réel du pétrole saisit les variations exogènes des termes de l'échange et pourquoi ces dernières pourraient constituer le facteur le plus important dans la détermination des taux de change réels à long terme.
MOESM1 of Active dispersal of Aedes albopictus: a mark-release-recapture study using self-marking units
Creators: name: Vavassori, Laura
name: Saddler, Adam
name: Müller, Pie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Modification of the BG-Sentinel trap. A cylinder-shaped chicken wire (34 × 10 cm) supports the two sticky cards inserted into the BG-Sentinel catch bag to avoid colour cross-contamination between mosquitoes. Figure S2. Performance of self-marking units with wild Ae. albopictus. Two colours, pink and yellow, were examined for their marking success and their impact on mosquito survival, and compared to a negative control (i.e. cheese cloth without fluorescent dust). a Marking success with the two different colours. While the marking success for yellow was very high, the success rate for pink was lower. b The survival of Ae. albopictus did not differ, neither between colours nor between a colour and the negative control (χ2 = 2, df = 2, P = 0.133). The reported male to female ratio is 1:6 and the survival of male and female Ae. albopictus did not differ (female χ2 = 4, df = 2, P = 0.1, male χ2 = 1.6, df = 2, P = 0.4). Figure S3. Total number of mosquito collected over the study period. The numbers on top of the bar represents the number of marked mosquitoes. Figure S4. Variation of daily mean temperature, mean relative humidity and precipitation during the study period in the two study sites. The blue bars show the daily precipitation in mm per day. Table S1. Number of recaptured Ae. albopictus during the two MRR studies in the annuli used for MDT calculation.
Scaling and universality in ontogenetic growth
Creators: name: Banavar, Jayanth R.
name: Damuth, John
name: Maritan, Amos
name: Rinaldo, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recently, West et al. claimed to derive a general quantitative model based on fundamental principles for the allocation of metabolic energy between maintenance of existing tissue and the production of new biomass, and in addition claimed to derive a single, parameterless universal curve that describes the growth of many species. They further claimed that their model of the 3/4 exponent for the allometric scaling of metabolism provides a novel version of the growth equations and use the goodness of fit of growth-curve data to these equations as support of this interpretation. Here, we show that the universal curve arises from general considerations that are independent of the specific allometric model used and that the data do not distinguish between the 3/4 or the 2/3 exponent for the metabolic rate mass scaling.
description: comment to Nature
Eclipse observations of high-frequency oscillations in active region coronal loops
Creators: name: Katsiyannis, A. C.
name: Williams, D. R.
name: McAteer, R. T. J.
name: Gallagher, P. T.
name: Keenan, F. P.
name: Murtagh, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the mechanisms proposed for heating the corona above solar active regions is the damping of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves. Continuing on previous work, we provide observational evidence for the existence of high-frequency MHD waves in coronal loops observed during the August 1999 total solar eclipse. A wavelet analysis is used to identify twenty 4x4 arcsec2 areas showing intensity oscillations. All detections lie in the frequency Hz (5-3 s), last for at least 3 periods at a confidence level of more than 99% and arise just outside known coronal loops. This leads us to suggest that they occur in low emission-measure or different temperature loops associated with the active region.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Effects of universal extra dimensions on top-quark electromagnetic interactions
Creators: name: Montaño, Javier
name: Novales-Sánchez, Héctor
name: Toscano, J. Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal extra dimensions, presumably observable at some high-energy scale, would modify low-energy observables, being particularly relevant for physical processes forbidden at tree level by the Standard Model. We address the Kaluza-Klein contributions from the 5-dimensional Standard Model to the anomalous magnetic moment and to branching ratios of electromagnetic decays of the top quark. In accordance with present bounds on the compactification scale, contributions to both quantities are found to be at least 3 orders of magnitude below Standard-Model predictions.
description: 11 figures, 31 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1704.07339
Anomalous state of a 2DEG in vicinal Si MOSFET in high magnetic fields
Creators: name: Kvon, Z. D.
name: Proskuryakov, Y. Y.
name: Savchenko, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of an anomalous state of a 2D electron gas near a vicinal surface of a silicon MOSFET in high magnetic fields. It is characterised by unusual behaviour of the conductivities $σ_{xx}$ and $σ_{xy}$, which can be described as a collapse of the Zeeman spin splitting accompanied by a large peak in $σ_{xx}$ and an anomalous peak in $ σ_{xy}$. It occurs at densities corresponding to the position of the Fermi level above the onset of the superlattice mini-gap inherent to the vicinal system. The range of fields and densities where this effect exists has been determined, and it has been shown that it is suppressed by parallel magnetic fields.
Ferromagnetic materials in the zinc-blende structure
Creators: name: Sanyal, B.
name: Bergqvist, L.
name: Eriksson, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New materials are currently sought for use in spintronics applications. Ferromagnetic materials with half metallic properties are valuable in this respect. Here we present the electronic structure and magnetic properties of binary compounds consisting of 3d transition metals and group V elements viz. P, Sb and As in the zinc-blende structure. We demonstrate that compounds of V, Cr and Mn show half metallic behavior for appropriate lattice constants. By comparing the total energies in the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic structures, we have ascertained that the ferromagnetic phase is stable over the antiferromagnetic one. Of the different compounds studied, the Cr based systems exhibit the strongest interatomic exchange interactions, and are hence predicted to have the highest critical temperatures. Also, we predict that VAs under certain growth conditions should be a semiconducting ferromagnet. Moreover, critical temperatures of selected half metallic compounds have been estimated from mean field theory and Monte Carlo simulations using parameters obtained from a {\it ab-initio} non-collinear, tight binding linearized muffin-tin orbital method. From a simple model, we calculate the reflectance from an ideal MnAs/InAs interface considering the band structures of MnAs and InAs. Finally we present results on the relative stabilities of MnAs and CrSb compounds in the NiAs and zinc-blende structures, and suggest a parameter space in substrate lattice spacings for when the zinc-blende structure is expected to be stable.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures