Pseudomastax graciollii Olivier 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Olivier, Renan Da Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Eumastacidae
Pseudomastax
Pseudomastax graciollii

description: Pseudomastax graciollii Olivier sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–3)
http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:503500
Type-series. Holotype male—HOLOTYPE \ Brasil, AM [Amazonas], Ipixuna, Rio Gregório, Com. [Comunidade] Lago Grande, 07°10’11.7”S / 70°49’10.3”W \ 18-23.V.2011, Coleta manual, J.A. Rafael, A. Agudelo, A. Somavilla leg. \ Pseudomastax graciollii sp. nov. Renan Olivier det. (VI.2018) (INPA); 1 Paratype male—same data as holotype \ ZUFMSORT0707; 1 Paratype male—PARATYPE \ Brasil, AM, Ipixuna, Rio Liberdade, Estirão da Preta, 07°21’46.7”S / 71°52’07.1”W, 11-15.V.2011, Arm. Malaise \ J.A. Rafael, J.T. Câmara, R.F. Silva, A. Somavilla, C. Gonçalves leg. \ Pseudomastax graciollii sp. nov. Renan Olivier det. (VI.2018) (INPA).
Etymology. Specific epithet after Dr. Gustavo Graciolli, who is an entomologist working with bat flies and a professor at the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.
Diagnosis. Close to P. brevipennis, P. aureoguttata and P. brunneiceps mainly owing to the shape of male cerci. In P. graciollii sp. nov., there are continuous yellow stripes from the lateral regions of thorax to the posterior margins of the 6 th abdominal tergites; length of tegmina, hind femora and body are larger than seen in the three closest species previously noted. Also, P. graciollii sp. nov. differs from P. brevipennis and P. brunneiceps by a wide yellow horizontal stripe on head and from P. aureoguttata by the presence of two black lines at the level of the sub-antennal transverse sutures, as seen in P. vicina and P. nigroplagiata. In P. graciollii sp. nov., the reddish color on legs are absent, unlike the three closest species noted above. Cercus of P. graciollii sp. nov. with a protrusion longer than wide differs from that of P. aureoguttata and P. brevipennis, the cerci of which are shaped like an equilateral triangle. Also, in P. graciollii sp. nov., the apex of the cercus presents three well-defined lobes, unlike P. brevipennis and P. brunneiceps. The angle between basal portion and ventral region of basal extension is obtuse, not straight, such as that seen in the three other morphologically close species. Phallic complex is very different from that of P. brevipennis, the only species of the three closest previously noted for which the phallic complex is known, but very similar to that of P. beieri.
Description. Male. Head (Figs. 1 A–C). Black with a wide yellow median horizontal stripe between both genae, laterally between the mid-upper and sub-ocular regions and frontally between the supra-clypeal triangle and lower region to the antennal insertion; region between the antennal insertion and apex of fastigium with a color gradient from yellow to black; frons with two black lines at the level of the sub-antennal transverse sutures. Fastigium slightly protruding in lateral view. Eyes moderately protruding, ellipsoidal, black. Antennae with 12 antennomeres; pedicel, 1 st and 2 nd proximal flagellomeres yellow, 3 rd and 4 th brown yellowish, others brown; an antennal organ in the 4 th distal flagellomere. Central carinae of the face yellow, continuous with the lateral margins of fastigium; lateral carinae yellow in the upper ¾ and black in the lower ¼. Supra-clypeal triangle outline distinct. Upper region of clypeus black, lower region of clypeus and upper region of labrum yellow, lower region of labrum grayish. Outer lateral surface of mandibles yellow. Maxillary and labial palps yellow with grayish apex. Thorax. Cervical membrane yellow (Figs. 1B and D). Pronotum (Figs. 1A, B, D and E). Monochromatic, ocher yellowish; slightly sellate in lateral view; central carina of pronotal disk well marked, except for its anterior and posterior extremities; anterior and posterior regions of pronotal disk with moderate rugosity and posterior margin rounded backwards; lateral lobes with distinct median sulcus and ventro-posterior angles not projected backwards. Wings (Figs. 1A, B and F). Brachypterous; tg/hf = 0.873-0.938. Tegmina opaque, black, except for the proximal region on anal area, light brown; apex rounded. C reaching the ⅓ proximal. Sc reaching the median region. R bifurcated in the median region in R1 and Rs; Rs simple or bifurcated in the ⅓ distal in Rs1 and Rs2; all sub-branches of R reaching the apex. M simple, reaching the apex. Cu1 weakly marked, rectilinear in the ⅓ proximal, and sinuous after that, reaching a little beyond the median region. Cu2 more distinct than Cu1, rectilinear, and reaching almost the same length as that of Cu1. A1 well marked, rectilinear, reaching the anal margin distally. A2 well marked in the ½ proximal and weakly marked in the ½ distal, slightly sinuous and short. Hind wings translucent, yellow. Thoracic tergites with a yellow upper stripe and lower region black. Thoracic sternites ocher. Legs (Figs. 1A and B). Fore- and mid-legs completely yellow. Ventral face of foretibiae with 13/12-14 (right/left) outer spines and 12- 15/11-14 inner spines. Most proximal segment of foretarsi about 2.0x longer than the next most distal segment. Ventral face of the midtibiae with 12-14/12-13 outer spines and 13-14/12-14 inner spines. Most proximal segment of midtarsi about 2.0x longer than the next most distal segment. Hind femora pale yellow, apex black, ⅓ distal with a lighter yellow ring more visible on the inner and ventral faces; dorsal and ventral carinae distinct, black, except for the two central on ventral face with the same color as that of hind femur. Dorsal face of hind tibiae with 26-28/ 26-29 outer spines and 27/24-25 inner spines. Most proximal segment of hind tarsi with a dorsal spine on the outer margin; about 3.0x longer than the next most distal segment. Tarsal claws unequal in length and with internal serration. Abdomen (Figs. 1A, B, G–I). Abdominal tergites 1-6 with a yellow lateral stripe continuous with the upper stripe on the thoracic tergites, tapering backwards. 7 th abdominal tergite with weakly marked yellow maculae. Postero-dorsal margin of 10 th abdominal tergite with a shallow concavity and not clearly separated from the epiproct. Epiproct trigonal with acute apex and the dorsal surface with a distinct longitudinal sulcus in the central region. Suture line between 9 th and 10 th abdominal tergites distinct, except in the posterior extremities, and arched dorsally in the ½ posterior; postero-lateral margins of these tergites not perfectly rounded. Cercus with a short triangular protrusion, longer than wide and apex rounded, very distinct in lateral view, slightly inclined backwards and forming a dorsal angle (α) of approximately 85 degrees in relation to the basal extension in lateroaxial view (Fig. 1I); basal extension laterally compressed, its apex with three well-defined and subequal lobes, these directed to the paraproct apex (Fig. 1H); ventral angle (β) between basal portion of cercus and basal extension obtuse in latero-axial view (Fig. 1I). Abdominal sternites ocher, except for the penultimate sternite and subgenital plate dark brown. Membranous area of subgenital plate divided into three parts, two larger laterally and one small centrally delimited by two weakly marked carinae; apical portion of subgenital plate more sclerotized, with a distinct central carina and posterior margin M-shaped in axial view. Phallic complex. Compressed dorsoventrally. Epiphallus (Figs. 2 A–C). Concave; anterior margin with an indentation centrally; posterior margin arched forward, but with an acute central protrusion directed backwards; latero-posterior processes hook-shaped, curved outwards and backwards; lophi digitiform, curved to the median region and with apex almost reaching the latero-apical sclerified plates. Endophallus (Fig. 2B and D). Endophallic plate Π-shaped, very arched ventrally in lateral view, outer margin in the anterior region rounded, except by a small central protrusion, ¾ anterior of lateral branches almost parallel and ¼ posterior divergent (Figs. 2D and E); spermatophore sac as in Figure 2D; ejaculatory sac elongated and projected forward (Fig. 2D). Ectophallus (Figs. 2 A–C). Entirely membranous, except for the lateroapical sclerified plates and sclerified apical valves; without differentiated dorsal fold; internal membranous pouches slightly directed outwards, with posterior margins almost reaching the outer side portions of the sclerified apical valves.
Female. Unknown
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 3).
Remarks. Measurements of the three type specimens are shown in Table 1.
description: Published as part of Olivier, Renan Da Silva, 2018, Pseudomastax graciollii sp. nov., a new monkey-grasshopper species from the Amazon and comments on other species of the genus (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae: Pseudomastacinae), pp. 529-541 in Zootaxa 4514 (4) on pages 530-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/2609372