cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Valley interference and spin exchange at the atomic scale in silicon
Creators: name: Voisin, B.
name: Bocquel, J.
name: Tankasala, A.
name: Usman, M.
name: Salfi, J.
name: Rahman, R.
name: Simmons, M. Y.
name: Hollenberg, L. C. L.
name: Rogge, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneling is a fundamental quantum process with no classical equivalent, which can compete with Coulomb interactions to give rise to complex phenomena. Phosphorus dopants in silicon can be placed with atomic precision to address the different regimes arising from this competition. However, they exploit wavefunctions relying on crystal band symmetries, which tunneling interactions are inherently sensitive to. Here we directly image lattice-aperiodic valley interference between coupled atoms in silicon using scanning tunneling microscopy. Our atomistic analysis unveils the role of envelope anisotropy, valley interference and dopant placement on the Heisenberg spin exchange interaction. We find that the exchange can become immune to valley interference by engineering in-plane dopant placement along specific crystallographic directions. A vacuum-like behaviour is recovered, where the exchange is maximised to the overlap between the donor orbitals, and pair-to-pair variations limited to a factor of less than 10 considering the accuracy in dopant positioning. This robustness remains over a large range of distances, from the strongly Coulomb interacting regime relevant for high-fidelity quantum computation to strongly coupled donor arrays of interest for quantum simulation in silicon.
Ab initio lattice dynamics simulations and inelastic neutron scattering spectra for studying phonons in BaFe2As2: Effect of structural phase transition, structural relaxation and magnetic ordering
Creators: name: Zbiri, M.
name: Schober, H.
name: Johnson, M. R.
name: Rols, S.
name: Mittal, R.
name: Su, Y.
name: Rotter, M.
name: Johrendt, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed extensive ab initio calculations to investigate phonon dynamics and their possible role in superconductivity in BaFe2As2 and related systems. The calculations are compared to inelastic neutron scattering data that offer improved resolution over published data [Mittal et al., PRB 78 104514 (2008)], in particular at low frequencies. Effects of structural phase transition and full/partial structural relaxation, with and without magnetic ordering, on the calculated vibrational density of states are reported. Phonons are best reproduced using either the relaxed magnetic structures or the experimental cell. Several phonon branches are affected by the subtle structural changes associated with the transition from the tetragonal to the orthorhombic phase. Effects of phonon induced distortions on the electronic and spin structure have been investigated. It is found that for some vibrational modes, there is a significant change of the electronic distribution and spin populations around the Fermi level. A peak at 20 meV in the experimental data falls into the pseudo-gap region of the calculation. This was also the case reported in our recent work combined with an empirical parametric calculation [Mittal et al., PRB 78 104514 (2008)]. The combined evidence for the coupling of electronic and spin degrees of freedom with phonons is relevant to the current interest in superconductivity in BaFe2As2 and related systems.
Universal properties of a trapped two-component Fermi gas at unitarity
Creators: name: Blume, D.
name: von Stecher, J.
name: Greene, Chris H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We treat the trapped two-component Fermi system, in which unlike fermions interact through a two-body short-range potential having no bound state but an infinite scattering length. By accurately solving the Schroedinger equation for up to N=6 fermions, we show that no many-body bound states exist other than those bound by the trapping potential, and we demonstrate unique universal properties of the system: Certain excitation frequencies are separated by $2\hbarω$, the wavefunctions agree with analytical predictions and a virial theorem is fulfilled. Further calculations up to N=30 determine the excitation gap, an experimentally accessible universal quantity, and it agrees with recent predictions based on a density functional approach.
description: 4 pages, 2 Figs., 2 Tables (minor changes)
On Transformations of the Rabelo Equations
Creators: name: Sakovich, Anton
name: Sakovich, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study four distinct second-order nonlinear equations of Rabelo which describe pseudospherical surfaces. By transforming these equations to the constant-characteristic form we relate them to some well-studied integrable equations. Two of the Rabelo equations are found to be related to the sine-Gordon equation. The other two are transformed into a linear equation and the Liouville equation, and in this way their general solutions are obtained.
description: This is a contribution to the Proc. of the Seventh International Conference ''Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics'' (June 24-30, 2007, Kyiv, Ukraine), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Alternative Simulation of Soil Phosphorus for Agricultural Land Uses in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model
Creators: name: Mulkey, Alisha Spears
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agriculture
subject: Soil sciences

description: Current restoration efforts for the Chesapeake Bay watershed mandate reducing nutrient and sediment loads to receiving waters. The Chesapeake Bay Watershed Model (WSM) estimates loading; however, some WSM routines have not been updated to reflect recent research. This study's objective was to improve the simulation of soil phosphorus dynamics by using an independent modeling tool (APLE) as an alternative to the current WSM approach.  Identical assumptions of acreage, soil properties, nutrient management, and transport factors from the WSM were used as inputs to APLE. Outcomes represent revised estimates of phosphorus edge-of-field losses and estimates of change in soil labile phosphorus concentration. The modification resulted in a greater mean phosphorus loss estimate compared to the WSM, and a relationship between nutrient application, tillage, and soil phosphorus concentrations. Outcomes support APLE as an appropriate alternative model for simulating soil phosphorus dynamics, and for informing mitigation of soil phosphorus losses through best management practices.
Charge transport through weakly open one dimensional quantum wires
Creators: name: Kopnin, N. B.
name: Galperin, Y. M.
name: Vinokur, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider resonant transmission through a finite-length quantum wire connected to leads via finite transparency junctions. The coherent electron transport is strongly modified by the Coulomb interaction. The low-temperature current-voltage ($IV$) curves show step-like dependence on the bias voltage determined by the distance between the quantum levels inside the conductor, the pattern being dependent on the ratio between the charging energy and level spacing. If the system is tuned close to the resonance condition by the gate voltage, the low-voltage $IV$ curve is Ohmic. At large Coulomb energy and low temperatures, the conductance is temperature-independent for any relationship between temperature, level spacing, and coupling between the wire and the leads.
Linearly recurrent subshifts have a finite number of non-periodic subshift factors
Creators: name: Durand, Fabien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B10

description: A minimal subshift $(X,T)$ is linearly recurrent if there exists a constant $K$ so that for each clopen set $U$ generated by a finite word $u$ the return time to $U$, with respect to $T$, is bounded by $K|u|$. We prove that given a linearly recurrent subshift $(X,T)$ the set of its non-periodic subshift factors is finite up to isomorphism. We also give a constructive characterization of these subshifts.
(6478) Gault: Physical characterization of an active main-belt asteroid
Creators: name: Devogèle, Maxime
name: Ferrais, Marin
name: Jehin, Emmanuel
name: Moskovitz, Nicholas
name: Skiff, Brian A.
name: Levine, Stephen E.
name: Gustafsson, Annika
name: Farnocchia, Davide
name: Micheli, Marco
name: Snodgrass, Colin
name: Borisov, Galin
name: Manfroid, Jean
name: Moulane, Youssef
name: Benkhaldoun, Zouhair
name: Burdanov, Artem
name: Pozuelos, Francisco J.
name: Gillon, Michael
name: de Wit, Julien
name: Green, Simon F.
name: Bendjoya, Philippe
name: Rivet, Jean-Pierre
name: Abe, Luy
name: Vernet, David
name: Chandler, Colin Orion
name: Trujillo, Chadwick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In December 2018, the main-belt asteroid (6478)~Gault was reported to display activity. Gault is an asteroid belonging to the Phocaea dynamical family and was not previously known to be active, nor was any other member of the Phocaea family. In this work we present the results of photometric and spectroscopic observations that commenced soon after the discovery of activity. We obtained observations over two apparitions to monitor its activity, rotation period, composition, and possible non-gravitational orbital evolution. We find that Gault has a rotation period of $P = 2.4929 \pm 0.0003$ hours with a lightcurve amplitude of $0.06$ magnitude. This short rotation period close to the spin barrier limit is consistent with Gault having a density no smaller than $ρ= 1.85$~g/cm$^3$ and its activity being triggered by the YORP spin-up mechanism. Analysis of the Gault phase curve over phase angles ranging from $0.4^{\circ}$ to $23.6^{\circ}$ provides an absolute magnitude of $H = 14.81 \pm 0.04$, $G1=0.25 \pm 0.07$, and $G2= 0.38 \pm 0.04$. Model fits to the phase curve find the surface regolith grain size constrained between 100-500 $\rmμ$m. Using relations between the phase curve and albedo we determine that the geometrical albedo of Gault is $p_{\rm v} = 0.26 \pm 0.05$ corresponding to an equivalent diameter of $D = 2.8^{+0.4}_{-0.2}$ km. Our spectroscopic observations are all consistent with an ordinary chondrite-like composition (S, or Q-type in the Bus-DeMeo taxonomic classification). A search through archival photographic plate surveys found previously unidentified detections of Gault dating back to 1957 and 1958. Only the latter had been digitized, which we measured to nearly double the observation arc of Gault. Finally, we did not find any signal of activity during the 2020 apparition or non-gravitational effects on its orbit.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures; Accepted in MNRAS
Long range forces and limits on unparticle interactions
Creators: name: Deshpande, N. G.
name: Hsu, Stephen D. H.
name: Jiang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Couplings between standard model particles and unparticles from a nontrivial scale invariant sector can lead to long range forces. If the forces couple to quantities such as baryon or lepton (electron) number, stringent limits result from tests of the gravitational inverse square law. These limits are much stronger than from collider phenomenology and astrophysics.
description: 7 pages, revtex; v2 minor changes and added references
Current driven quantum criticality in itinerant electron ferromagnets
Creators: name: Mitra, Aditi
name: Millis, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the effect of an in-plane current flow on the critical properties of a 2d itinerant electron system near a ferromagnetic-paramagnetic quantum critical point. We study a model in which a nonequilibrium steady state is established as a result of exchange of particles and energy with an underlying substrate. the current $\vec{j}$ gives rise not only to an effective temperature equal to the voltage drop over a distance of order the mean free path, but also to symmetry breaking terms of the form $\vec{j}\cdot \vec{nabla}$ in the effective action. The effect of the symmetry breaking on the fluctuational and critical properties is found to be small although (in agreement with previous results) if rotational degrees of freedom are important, the current can make the classically ordered state dynamically unstable.
description: 4 pages, published version
The Pro-competitive Effects of Trade Agreements
Creators: name: Crowley, M. A.
name: Han, L.
name: Prayer, T.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge
Year: 2022
Subjects: competition policy
firm level data
markup elasticity
trade agreements
trade elasticity
variable markups

description: How does trade policy affect competition? Using the universe of product exports by firms from eleven low and middle-income countries, we document that tariff reductions under trade agreements have strong procompetitive effects – they encourage entry and reduce the (tariff exclusive) price-cost markups of exporters. This finding, that markups fall with tariff cuts, contradicts a core prediction of standard oligopolistic competition models of trade. We extend a workhorse international pricing model of oligopolistic competition to include multiple countries and a rich preference structure. Our preference structure allows for fierce competition among firms from the same country and less intense competition among firms from different countries. We show a firm’s optimal markup after a tariff cut can rise or fall depending on the parameters of the preference structure and tariff-induced reallocation of market share among firms and across countries.
Traffic Analysis on Cumulative Land Development and Transportation Related Policy Scenarios
Creators: name: Zhu, Zheng
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Transportation planning
subject: agent-based model
subject: dtalite
subject: dynamic traffic assignment
subject: dynust
subject: positive model
subject: travel behavior

description: Numerous methods have been developed to evaluate the impact of land developments and transportation policies on transportation infrastructures. But traditional approaches are either limited to static performance or a lack of behavior foundation. With only a few activity-based land development models in practice, this thesis integrates dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) with agent-based positive travel behavior model as a feasible tool for land development and transportation policy analysis. The integrated model enhances the behavior realism of DTA as well as captures traffic dynamics. It provides a low-cost approach to conduct new traffic analysis which emphasis on not only regional/local system mobility, but also individual behaviors. A land development analysis and a flexible work schedule policy analysis are illustrated in this paper. Unlike traditional land development impact studies, a great deal of travel behavior shift is obtained via this integrated model, which creates a new way for land development and policy analysis.
Truancy and the onset of marijuana use: Testing the relationship among Chilean students
Creators: name: Larroulet Philippi, Pilar
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Adolescence
subject: Chile
subject: Drug use
subject: Truancy

description: Previous research conducted in the United States has shown that truancy increases the risk of marijuana use among adolescents. The current study examines this relationship in Chile. By using a longitudinal study conducted from 2008 to 2011 among school students in 7th grade in Santiago, Chile, I test the effect that truancy has on the onset of marijuana use, controlling for a number of potential confounders. The findings support the hypothesis that youths who reported having been truant were more likely to initiate marijuana use. However, I did not find enough support for the hypothesis that youths who reported have skipped schools more days were at a higher risk of initiating marijuana use.
Eulerian conjugate stress and strain
Creators: name: Norris, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New results are presented for the stress conjugate to arbitrary Eulerian strain measures. The conjugate stress depends on two arbitrary quantities: the strain measure f(V) and the corotational rate defined by the spin Ω. It is shown that for every choice of f there is a unique spin, called the f-spin, which makes the conjugate stress as close as possible to the Cauchy stress. The f-spin reduces to the logarithmic spin when the strain measure is the Hencky strain log(V). The formulation and the results emphasize the similarities in form of the Eulerian and Lagrangian stresses conjugate to the strains f(V) and f(U), respectively. Many of the results involve the solution to the equation AX-XA=Y, which is presented in a succinct format.
description: 17 pages
Transmission-Aware Bandwidth Variable Transceiver Allocation in DWDM Optical Networks
Creators: name: Khomchenko, Dmitry
name: Patri, Sai Kireet
name: Autenrieth, Achim
name: Mas-Machuca, Carmen
name: Richter, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper addresses the transmission-aware transceiver allocation problem of flexible optical networks for a multi-period planning. The proposed approach aims at assigning the best configuration of bandwidth variable transceivers (BVTRX) considering the amplifier noise and nonlinear channel interferences using the incoherent Extended Gaussian Noise (EGN) model. The proposed solution improves the network throughput and spectrum utilization in the early planning periods and allocates lower number of BV-TRXs in later periods in comparison to algorithms presented recently. A heuristic approach to regenerator placement has also been applied achieving up to 25% transceiver and 50% spectrum utilization savings in comparison to configurations without regenerators.
Narrow-Band Biphoton Generation near Atomic Resonance
Creators: name: Du, Shengwang
name: Wen, Jianming
name: Rubin, Morton H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generating nonclassical light offers a benchmark tool for the fundamental research and potential applications in quantum optics. Conventionally, it has become a standard technique to produce the nonclassical light through the nonlinear optical processes occurring in nonlinear crystals. In this review we describe using cold atomic-gas media to generate such nonclassical light, especially focusing on narrow-band biphoton generation. Compared with the standard procedure, the new biphoton source has such properties as long coherence time, long coherence length, high spectral brightness, and high conversion efficiency. In this paper we concentrate on the theoretical aspect of the entangled two-photon state produced from the four-wave mixing in a multilevel atomic ensemble. We show that both linear and nonlinear optical responses to the generated fields play an important role in determining the biphoton waveform and, consequently on the two-photon temporal correlation. There are two characteristic regimes determined by whether the linear or nonlinear coherence time is dominant. In addition, our model provides a clear physical picture that brings insight into understanding biphoton optics with this new source. We apply our model to recent work on generating narrow-band (and even subnatural linewidth) paired photons using the technique of electromagnetically induced transparency and slow-light effect in cold atoms, and find good agreements with experimental results.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, a review on narrow-band paired photons generated from an atomic-gase medium near resonance, submitted to JOSA B (2008)
Transport anomalies across the quantum limit in semimetallic Bi$_{0.96}$Sb$_{0.04}$
Creators: name: Banerjee, A.
name: Fauque, B.
name: Izawa, K.
name: Miyake, A.
name: Sheikin, I.
name: Flouquet, J.
name: Lenoir, B.
name: Behnia, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a study of electronic transport in semi-metallic Bi$_{0.96}$Sb$_{0.04}$. At zero field, the system is a very dilute Fermi liquid displaying a T$^{2}$ resistivity with an enhanced prefactor. Quantum oscillations in resistivity as well as in Hall, Nernst and Seebeck responses of the system are detectable and their period quantifies the shrinking of the Fermi surface with antimony doping. For a field along the trigonal axis, the quantum limit was found to occur at a field as low as 3T. An ultraquantum anomaly at twice this field was detected in both charge transport and Nernst response. Its origin appears to lie beyond the one-particle picture and linked to unidentified many-body effects.
description: 5 pages inculding 4 figures
Weakly commensurable arithmetic groups, lengths of closed geodesics and isospectral locally symmetric spaces
Creators: name: Prasad, Gopal
name: Rapinchuk, Andrei S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the notion of weak commensurabilty of arithmetic subgroups and relate it to the length equivalence and isospectrality of locally symmetric spaces. We prove many strong consequences of weak commensurabilty and derive from these many interesting results about isolength and isospectral locally symmetric spaces.
description: 62 pages
Enhanced Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis Models with Progressive Self-supervised Attention Learning
Creators: name: Su, Jinsong
name: Tang, Jialong
name: Jiang, Hui
name: Lu, Ziyao
name: Ge, Yubin
name: Song, Linfeng
name: Xiong, Deyi
name: Sun, Le
name: Luo, Jiebo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), many neural models are equipped with an attention mechanism to quantify the contribution of each context word to sentiment prediction. However, such a mechanism suffers from one drawback: only a few frequent words with sentiment polarities are tended to be taken into consideration for final sentiment decision while abundant infrequent sentiment words are ignored by models. To deal with this issue, we propose a progressive self-supervised attention learning approach for attentional ABSA models. In this approach, we iteratively perform sentiment prediction on all training instances, and continually learn useful attention supervision information in the meantime. During training, at each iteration, context words with the highest impact on sentiment prediction, identified based on their attention weights or gradients, are extracted as words with active/misleading influence on the correct/incorrect prediction for each instance. Words extracted in this way are masked for subsequent iterations. To exploit these extracted words for refining ABSA models, we augment the conventional training objective with a regularization term that encourages ABSA models to not only take full advantage of the extracted active context words but also decrease the weights of those misleading words. We integrate the proposed approach into three state-of-the-art neural ABSA models. Experiment results and in-depth analyses show that our approach yields better attention results and significantly enhances the performance of all three models. We release the source code and trained models at https://github.com/DeepLearnXMU/PSSAttention.
description: 31 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1906.01213
Complex-valued reservoir computing for aspect classification and slope-angle estimation with low computational cost and high resolution in interferometric synthetic aperture radar
Creators: name: Konishi, Bungo
name: Hirose, Akira
name: Natsuaki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is widely used for ground surface classification since it utilizes information on vegetation and soil unavailable in optical observation. Image classification often employs convolutional neural networks. However, they have serious problems such as long learning time and resolution degradation in their convolution and pooling processes. In this paper, we propose complex-valued reservoir computing (CVRC) to deal with complex-valued images in interferometric SAR (InSAR). We classify InSAR image data by using CVRC successfully with a higher resolution and a lower computational cost, i.e., one-hundredth learning time and one-fifth classification time, than convolutional neural networks. We also conduct experiments on slope angle estimation. CVRC is found applicable to quantitative tasks dealing with continuous values as well as discrete classification tasks with a higher accuracy.
description: 35 pages, 16 figures
Growth of Sobolev norms and controllability of Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Nersesyan, Vahagn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we obtain a stabilization result for the Schrödinger equation under generic assumptions on the potential. Then we consider the Schrödinger equation with a potential which has a random time-dependent amplitude. We show that if the distribution of the amplitude is sufficiently non-degenerate, then any trajectory of system is almost surely non-bounded in Sobolev spaces.
Spinning test body orbiting around a Schwarzschild black hole: Comparing Spin Supplementary Conditions for Circular Equatorial Orbits
Creators: name: Timogiannis, Iason
name: Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios
name: Apostolatos, Theocharis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon (MPD) equations describe the motion of an extended test body in general relativity. This system of equations, though, is underdetermined and has to be accompanied by constraining supplementary conditions, even in its simplest version, which is the pole-dipole approximation corresponding to a spinning test body. In particular, imposing a spin supplementary condition (SSC) fixes the center of the mass of the spinning body, i.e. the centroid of the body. In the present study, we examine whether characteristic features of the centroid of a spinning test body, moving in a circular equatorial orbit around a massive black hole, are preserved under the transition to another centroid of the same physical body, governed by a different SSC. For this purpose, we establish an analytical algorithm for deriving the orbital frequency of a spinning body, moving in the background of an arbitrary, stationary, axisymmetric spacetime with reflection symmetry, for the Tulzcyjew-Dixon, the Mathisson-Pirani and the Ohashi-Kyrian-Semerák SSCs. Then, we focus on the Schwarzschild black hole background and a power series expansion method is developed, in order to investigate the discrepancies in the orbital frequencies expanded in power series of the spin among the different SSCs. Lastly, by employing the fact that the position of the centroid and the measure of the spin alters under the centroid's transition, we impose proper corrections to the power expansion of the orbital frequencies, which allows to improve the convergence between the SSCs. Our concluding argument is that when we shift from one circular equatorial orbit to another in the Schwarzschild background, under the change of a SSC, the convergence between the SSCs holds only up to certain powers in the spin expansion, and it cannot be achieved for the whole power series.
description: 16 pages, 5 tables
The World-Trade Web: Topological Properties, Dynamics, and Evolution
Creators: name: Fagiolo, Giorgio
name: Reyes, Javier
name: Schiavo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studies the statistical properties of the web of import-export relationships among world countries using a weighted-network approach. We analyze how the distributions of the most important network statistics measuring connectivity, assortativity, clustering and centrality have co-evolved over time. We show that all node-statistic distributions and their correlation structure have remained surprisingly stable in the last 20 years -- and are likely to do so in the future. Conversely, the distribution of (positive) link weights is slowly moving from a log-normal density towards a power law. We also characterize the autoregressive properties of network-statistics dynamics. We find that network-statistics growth rates are well-proxied by fat-tailed densities like the Laplace or the asymmetric exponential-power. Finally, we find that all our results are reasonably robust to a few alternative, economically-meaningful, weighting schemes.
description: 44 pages, 39 eps figures
Non-supersymmetric Attractor with the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Cho, Jin-Ho
name: Nam, Soonkeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a test for the non-supersymmetric attractor mechanism, we consider extremal Reissner-Nordström-(anti-)de Sitter black holes. Based on the simple observation that the near-horizon geometry of a generic extremal black hole contains two-dimensional anti-de Sitter factor even in the presence of the positive cosmological constant, we apply Ashoke Sen's entropy function method to compute the entropy of these black holes. We find the results which exactly agree with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. We also obtain the constant higher-order correction to the entropy due to the Gauss-Bonnet term.
description: 15pages, 2 figures, JHEP published version, added references, added comments on the constant addition to the entropy
Direct assessment of individual connotation and experience: An introduction to cognitive-affective mapping
Creators: name: Reuter, Lisa
name: Mansell, Jordan
name: Rhea, Carter
name: Kiesel, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce cognitive-affective maps (CAMs) as a novel tool to assess individual experiences and belief systems. CAMs were first presented by the cognitive scientist and philosopher Paul Thagard as a graphical representation of a mental network, visualizing attitudes, thoughts, and affective connotations toward the topic of interest. While CAMs were originally used primarily to visualize existing data, the recent release of the new software tool Valence has facilitated the applicability of CAMs for empirical data collection. In this article, we explain the concept and the theoretical background of CAMs. We exemplify how CAMs can be applied in research practice, including different options for analysis. We propose CAMs as a user-friendly and versatile methodological bridge between qualitative and quantitative research approaches and encourage incorporating the method into studies to access and visualize human attitudes and experience.
description: Accepted in Politics and the Life Sciences , First View , pp. 1 - 9 CAM site can be found at https://valence.cascadeinstitute.org/ Software: https://osf.io/9tza2/
The Physical Process First Law for Bifurcate Killing Horizons
Creators: name: Amsel, Aaron J.
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Virmani, Amitabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical process version of the first law for black holes states that the passage of energy and angular momentum through the horizon results in a change in area $\fracκ{8 π} ΔA = ΔE - ΩΔJ$, so long as this passage is quasi-stationary. A similar physical process first law can be derived for any bifurcate Killing horizon in any spacetime dimension $d \ge 3$ using much the same argument. However, to make this law non-trivial, one must show that sufficiently quasi-stationary processes do in fact occur. In particular, one must show that processes exist for which the shear and expansion remain small, and in which no new generators are added to the horizon. Thorne, MacDonald, and Price considered related issues when an object falls across a d=4 black hole horizon. By generalizing their argument to arbitrary $d \ge 3$ and to any bifurcate Killing horizon, we derive a condition under which these effects are controlled and the first law applies. In particular, by providing a non-trivial first law for Rindler horizons, our work completes the parallel between the mechanics of such horizons and those of black holes for $d \ge 3$. We also comment on the situation for d=2.
description: 19 pages; v2: ref added, minor changes
Model diagnostics: residual distribution from The everyday acoustic environment and its association with human heart rate: evidence from real-world data logging with hearing aids and wearables
Creators: name: Christensen, Jeppe H.
name: Saunders, Gabrielle H.
name: Porsbo, Michael
name: Pontoppidan, Niels H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: QQ plots of standardized residuals versus quantiles of the normal distribution. Left column panels show residuals from statistical modelling of all data records while the right column panels show residuals after filtering for extreme HR data and low sample (<50) users.
Theoretical interpretation of GRB060124: preliminary results
Creators: name: Guida, Roberto
name: Bernardini, Maria Grazia
name: Bianco, Carlo Luciano
name: Caito, Letizia
name: Dainotti, Maria Giovanna
name: Ruffini, Remo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the preliminary results of the application of our "fireshell" model to GRB060124. This source is very peculiar because it is the first event for which both the prompt and the afterglow emission were observed simultaneously by the three Swift instruments: BAT (15-350 keV), XRT (0.2-10 keV) and UVOT (170-650 nm), due to the presence of a precursor ~ 570 s before the main burst. We analyze GRB060124 within our "canonical" GRB scenario, identifying the precursor with the P-GRB and the prompt emission with the afterglow peak emission. In this way we reproduce correctly the energetics of both these two components. We reproduce also the observed time delay between the precursor (P-GRB) and the main burst. The effect of such a time delay in our model will be discussed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear on the Proceedings of the Eleventh Marcel Grossmann Meeting, Berlin (Germany), July 2006
Phase separation in imbalanced fermion superfluids beyond mean-field
Creators: name: Tempere, J.
name: Klimin, S. N.
name: Devreese, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density distributions of the two components of a trapped, ultracold Fermi gas with population imbalance reveal the effect of imbalance on superfluid pairing. We develop a path-integral derivation of the density, that takes into account both fluctuations beyond mean-field and effects of nonzero temperature. The calculated density profiles compare favorably to the measured density profiles, and illustrate the necessity to incorporate both quantum fluctuations and finite temperature effects. The temperature dependence of the density profiles, especially near the superfluid-normal interface, allows determining the temperature of the superfluid core in current experiments.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
K-Bounce
Creators: name: Abramo, L. Raul
name: Peter, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By demanding that a bounce is nonsingular and that perturbations are well-behaved at all times, we narrow the scope of possible models with one degree of freedom that can describe a bounce in the absence of spatial curvature. We compute the general properties of the transfer matrix of perturbations through the bounce, and show that spectral distortions of the Bardeen potential $Φ$ are generically produced only for the small wavelengths, although the spectrum of long wavelength curvature perturbations produced in a contracting phase gets propagated unaffected through such a bounce.
description: Replaced with version accepted to JCAP
Stabilization of an overloaded queueing network using measurement-based admission control
Creators: name: Leskelä, Lasse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25, 68M20, 90B15, 90B22

description: Admission control can be employed to avoid congestion in queueing networks subject to overload. In distributed networks the admission decisions are often based on imperfect measurements on the network state. This paper studies how the lack of complete state information affects the system performance by considering a simple network model for distributed admission control. The stability region of the network is characterized and it is shown how feedback signaling makes the system very sensitive to its parameters.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1143936256 in the Journal of Applied Probability (http://projecteuclid.org/jap) by the Applied Probability Trust (http://www.appliedprobability.org/)
Syntactic and Semantic-driven Learning for Open Information Extraction
Creators: name: Tang, Jialong
name: Lu, Yaojie
name: Lin, Hongyu
name: Han, Xianpei
name: Sun, Le
name: Xiao, Xinyan
name: Wu, Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the biggest bottlenecks in building accurate, high coverage neural open IE systems is the need for large labelled corpora. The diversity of open domain corpora and the variety of natural language expressions further exacerbate this problem. In this paper, we propose a syntactic and semantic-driven learning approach, which can learn neural open IE models without any human-labelled data by leveraging syntactic and semantic knowledge as noisier, higher-level supervisions. Specifically, we first employ syntactic patterns as data labelling functions and pretrain a base model using the generated labels. Then we propose a syntactic and semantic-driven reinforcement learning algorithm, which can effectively generalize the base model to open situations with high accuracy. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms the supervised counterparts, and can even achieve competitive performance to supervised state-of-the-art (SoA) model
description: 11 pages
Substrate-Versatile Direct-Write Printing of Carbon Nanotube-Based Flexible Conductors, Circuits, and Sensors
Creators: name: Owens, Crystal E.
name: Headrick, Robert J.
name: Williams, Steven M.
name: Fike, Amanda J.
name: Pasquali, Matteo
name: McKinley, Gareth H.
name: Hart, A. John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Printed electronics rely on the deposition of conductive liquid inks, typically onto polymeric or paper substrates. Among available conductive fillers for use in electronic inks, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have high conductivity, low density, processability at low temperatures, and intrinsic mechanical flexibility. However, the electrical conductivity of printed CNT structures has been limited by CNT quality and concentration, and by the need for nonconductive modifiers to make the ink stable and extrudable. This study introduces a polymer-free, printable aqueous CNT ink, and presents the relationships between printing resolution, ink rheology, and ink-substrate interactions. A model is constructed to predict printed feature sizes on impermeable substrates based on Wenzel wetting. Printed lines have conductivity up to 10,000 S/m. The lines are flexible, with < 5% change in DC resistance after 1,000 bending cycles, and <3% change in DC resistance with a bending radius down to 1 mm. Demonstrations focus on (i) conformality, via printing CNTs onto stickers that can be applied to curved surfaces, (ii) interactivity using a CNT-based button printed onto folded paper structure, and (iii) capacitive sensing of liquid wicking into the substrate itself. Facile integration of surface mount components on printed circuits is enabled by the intrinsic adhesion of the wet ink.
description: Published in Advanced Functional Materials
Intrinsic Spin Susceptibility and Pseudogap-like Behavior in Infinite-Layer LaNiO2
Creators: name: Zhao, D.
name: Zhou, Y. B.
name: Fu, Y.
name: Wang, L.
name: Zhou, X. F.
name: Cheng, H.
name: Li, J.
name: Song, D. W.
name: Li, S. J.
name: Kang, B. L.
name: Zheng, L. X.
name: Nie, L. P.
name: Wu, Z. M.
name: Shan, M.
name: Yu, F. H.
name: Ying, J. J.
name: Wang, S. M.
name: Mei, J. W.
name: Wu, T.
name: Chen, X. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of superconductivity in doped infinite-layer nickelates has stimulated intensive interest, especially for similarities and differences compared to that in cuprate superconductors. In contrast to cuprates, although earlier magnetization measurement reveals a Curie-Weiss-like behavior in undoped infinite-layer nickelates, there is no magnetic ordering observed by elastic neutron scattering down to liquid helium temperature. Until now, the nature of the magnetic ground state in undoped infinite-layer nickelates was still elusive. Here, we perform a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment through 139La nuclei to study the intrinsic spin susceptibility of infinite-layer LaNiO2. First, the signature for magnetic ordering or freezing is absent in the 139La NMR spectrum down to 0.24 K, which unambiguously confirms a paramagnetic ground state in LaNiO2. Second, a pseudogap-like behavior instead of Curie-Weiss-like behavior is observed in both the temperature-dependent Knight shift and nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1), which is widely observed in both underdoped cuprates and iron-based superconductors. Furthermore, the scaling behavior between the Knight shift and 1/T1T has also been discussed. Finally, the present results imply a considerable exchange interaction in infinite-layer nickelates, which sets a strong constraint for the proposed theoretical models.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Physical Review Letters
Heat transfer in sound propagation and attenuation through gas-liquid polyhedral foams
Creators: name: Shtemler, Yuri M.
name: Shreiber, Isaac R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cell method is developed, which takes into account the bubble geometry of polyhedral foams, and provides for the generalized Rayleigh-Plesset equation that contains the non-local in time term corresponding to heat relaxation. The Rayleigh-Plesset equation together with the equations of mass and momentum balances for an effective single-phase inviscid fluid yield a model for foam acoustics. The present calculations reconcile observed sound velocity and attenuation with those predicted using the assumption that thermal dissipation is the dominant damping mechanism in a range of foam expansions and sound excitation frequencies.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Properties of the Center of Gravity as an Algorithm for Position Measurements: Two-Dimensional Geometry
Creators: name: Landi, Gregorio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The center of gravity as an algorithm for position measurements is analyzed for a two-dimensional geometry. Several mathematical consequences of discretization for various types of detector arrays are extracted. Arrays with rectangular, hexagonal, and triangular detectors are analytically studied, and tools are given to simulate their discretization properties. Special signal distributions free of discretized error are isolated. It is proved that some crosstalk spreads are able to eliminate the center of gravity discretization error for any signal distribution (ideal detectors). Simulations, adapted to the CMS em-calorimeter and to a triangular detector array, are provided for energy and position reconstruction algorithms with a finite number of detectors.
description: 30 pages 19 figures. This paper completes the previous arXiv:1908.04447, added the definition of ideal detector and corrected few typos