Taraxacum compactum Schischkin 1949
Creators: name: Kirschner, Jan
name: Štěpánek, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Taraxacum
Taraxacum compactum

description: <i>Taraxacum compactum</i> Schischkin (1949a: 5), see also Schischkin (1949b) Type:—[RUSSIA, Respublika Altay] Altai, Us&amp;tcaron;-Koksu, u dorogi [the Altai, Ust-Koksu, along a road], 15 Jul 1931, <i>B. Shishkin</i> (LE, no. det. 6095, lectotype, <b>designated here</b>; isotypes: LE!, S!, including achenes). A note on the typification:— Schischkin (1949a) clearly indicated the herbarium of the Instute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (LE) as the collection where the type of <i>T. compactum</i> should have been deposited. Tzvelev (when completing and editing the <i>Taraxacum</i> treatment in Schischkin 1964) indicated Tomsk (TK) as the collection with this type. In TK, no type specimen of the name <i>T. compactum</i> was located (I. Gureeva, in litt.). We therefore select the best herbarium specimen of the syntypes preserved at LE, and designate it as the lectotype. It should be added that the lectotype specimen was collected on July 15, 1931, as written on two labels by Schischkin himself. In the published protologue, Schischkin (1949a) gives 12 Aug 1931 in the Russian version, and 12 Jul 1931 in the Latin one. Moreover, one of the isotypes bears a label with a date 15 Jul 1937 [sic!, the year was printed on the label, and we treat 1937 as a mistake]. <i>Taraxacum compactum</i> used to be understood as a member of <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Dissecta</i> (Tzvelev 1987), or compared with species belonging or believed to belong to <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Dissecta</i> (Schischkin 1949b). A closer examination of the type material shows that <i>T. compactum</i> has the following achene characters: Achenes light greyish stramineous-brown, 3.6–3.8 × ca. 0.8 mm, body with ± dense short suberect squamules in upper 1/5–1/4, with a gradual transition into a thick conical cone 0.3–0.6 mm long, 0.35–0.4 mm thick at base, 0.25–0.3 mm distally; beak ca. 6 mm long, pappus ± white, ca. 5 mm long. In addition, outer phyllaries are appressed, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, almost without visible border, or with a narrow membranous border. Leaves are rather late, and it is not advisable to use them in our comparison. All the above characters identify <i>T. compactum</i> as a member of <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Qaisera</i> (Abedin 2007, Kirschner <i>et al.</i> 2020). The achenes of <i>T. compactum</i> are even very close to those of <i>T. qaiseri</i> Abedin in their shape and size. <i>Taraxacum kuvajevii</i> Tzvelev in Tzvelev &amp; Jurtzev (1984: 196) Type:— Yakutia, Lenskiy r-n, k-z “Dvigate&amp;lcaron;”, melkozlakovo-klevernyy vygon po II poime Leny za rechkoi Mukhtuikai, 0.5 km vyshe okrainy poselka Mukhtuya [Sakha Republic, Lensky District, Lensk, ca. 60° 43’ N, 114° 54’ E], 25 Jul 1953, <i>V. Kuvaev &amp; A. Petrov 58/11</i> (LE, no. det. 6046, holotype). This species, described from the southwesternmost part of Sakha Republic (Yakutia), was taken into consideration because of its small, red-brown achenes with a short cone. It was referred to <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Erythrosperma</i> by its author (Tzvelev 1984). However, it possesses a feature that excludes it from the proximity of both <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Erythrosperma</i> and <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Dissecta</i>: the enormously long robust acuminate horns on the outer phyllaries. It most probably represents a marginal member of <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Borealia</i>. <i>Taraxacum pawlodarskum</i> Doll (1973: 497) Type:—[KAZAKHSTAN] Kazakhskaya SSR. Pavlodarskaya oblas&amp;tcaron;, r-n. Urlyutyubinskiy, v 1 km k vostoku ot Zhelezinki, sornyaki na poseve prosa, 29 Jun 1955, <i>N. N. Tzvelev 715</i> (LE, no. det. 6503, holotype). The type specimen was collected rather late and is not very well developed. However, there is a gathering (and a cultivated material) of the same taxon from SE. Kazakhstan, and we were able to study <i>T. pawlodarskum</i> in detail. The holotype differs from well developed plants in the leaf shape, erect outer phyllaries and less pronounced achene spinulosity. The very densely, distinctly, wholly spinulose achene body and most of the other features show that <i>T. pawlodarskum</i> is a marginal member of <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Macrocornuta</i> van Soest (1960: 304), see also Kirschner &amp; Št&amp;ecaron;pánek (2008). <i>Taraxacum ustamenum</i> Doll (1973: 498) Type:— Kazakhskaya A.S.S.R., Us&amp;tcaron;kamenogorsk, yuzhnyy schchebnistyy polynno-tipchakovyy sklon, 28 May 1931, <i>B. Schischkin, E. Schteinberg &amp; T. Sumnevich s.n.</i> (LE, no. det. 7948, holotype) The material available consists of a single herbarium specimen with plants collected just after anthesis. There are a few florets to be examined, and only on one or two capitula, it is possible to study outer phyllaries. We give a brief description compiled on the basis of a detailed examination of the type material, with emphasis on diagnostic characters [vegetative characters visible on the original plate (Doll 1973: Plate XVIII) are not included]. Outer phyllaries few, ca. 8–10, subappressed, not imbricate, ± narrowly to broadly lanceolate, usually 5–6 × 1.5–2.2 mm, light green with purplish distal part, border not distinct, membranous, to 0.2 mm wide, margin ± ciliate. Stigmas greenish yellow (light discoloured). Pollen absent. Achenes dark red-brown, usually 3.0– 3.4 mm long, very slender, ca. 0.6 mm thick, body ± densely and distinctly spinulose above, subabruptly narrowing into a thin cylindrical cone 0.7–0.9 mm long, usually less than 0.2 mm thick; beak 6.5–7 mm long, pappus ± white, 4–5 mm long. On the basis of the above description, we place <i>T. ustamenum</i> in <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Erythrosperma</i>. The original idea (Doll 1973: 499) of <i>T. ustamenum</i> as a member of <i>T.</i> sect. <i>Parvula</i> has no support in the morphology of the type plants.
description: Published as part of <i>Kirschner, Jan &amp; Štěpánek, Jan, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Dissecta, a continental steppe group common in Siberia and adjacent regions of Central Asia, pp. 1921-1935 in Phytotaxa 590 (1)</i> on pages 1921-1935, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.590.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7780271
description: {"references": ["Schischkin, B. K. (1949 a) Novye altaiskie vidy oduvanchika [New Taraxacum species from the Altai]. Sistematicheskie zametki po materialam gerbaria im. P. N. Krylova pri Tomskom Gosudarstvennom Universitete 19 (1 - 2): 5 - 8.", "Schischkin, B. K. (1949 b) 669. Taraxacum L. Oduvanchik. - In: Krylov, P., Schischkin, B. K., Sergievskaya, L. P., Steinberg, E. I. &amp; Krascheninnikov, I. M., Flora Zapadnoi Sibiri, vol. 11, Campanulaceae - Compositae. TGU, Tomsk, &amp; Botanical Section of Tomsk Society of Naturalists, Tomsk, pp. 2995 - 3009.", "Schischkin, B. K. [&amp; Tzvelev, N. N. (ed.)] (1964) Rod 1667. Oduvanchik - Taraxacum Wigg. In: Komarov, V. L. (Ed.) Flora SSSR, Vol. 29. Nauka, Moskva &amp; Leningrad, pp. 405 - 560, 728 - 754.", "Tzvelev, N. N. (1987) Rod Taraxacum Wigg. (Asteraceae) v Tsentralnoi Azii [Taraxacum in Central Asia]. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rasteniy 24: 205 - 222.", "Kirschner, J., Stepanek, J., Klimes, L., Dvorsky, M., Bruna, J., Macek, M. &amp; Kopecky, M. (2020) The Taraxacum flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya. Phytotaxa 457 (1): 1 - 409. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 457.1.1", "Tzvelev, N. N. &amp; Jurtzev, B. A. (1984) Novye vidi oduvanchikov (Taraxacum Wigg., Asteraceae) flory SSSR [New species of dandelions of the flora of the USSR]. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Rasteniy 21: 187 - 202", "Doll, R. (1973) Neue Taraxacum - Arten aus der UdSSR. Feddes Repertorium 83: 495 - 500, Plates XVI - XIX. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / fedr. 19730830705"]}