cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Experimental Estimation of Binary Gas Diffusivities in a Nonisothermal Stefan Diffusion Column
Creators: name: Medina, Jorge L.
name: Ramírez, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Binary gas diffusivities DAB are essential to analyze chemical engineering transport processes. One of Josef Stefan's memorable moving-front problems involved a column with liquid A at the bottom and a gas mixture of A and B on top. This system has been used by several groups to determine DAB's under assumed isothermal conditions. A device for such purposes is Armfield's CERa apparatus; however, its operation is not isothermal. This study's hypothesis is that the nonisothermality of the gas relative to the liquid affects the DAB estimates. A mass and energy transport model was developed to describe events in the gas once the evaporation-diffusion of A begins. The model included DAB as a key parameter and different phase temperatures (liquid hotter than gas). A numerical algorithm solved for the instantaneous mole fraction of A, temperature, and interfacial position. The model predicted the transient and spatial transport phenomena of four gas pairs (A = common solvent; B = bone-dry air). The simulations gave lower DAB's in nonisothermal versus isothermal columns, the errors being proportional to the temperature difference between the phases. Six binary gas experiments were carried out in a nonisothermal CERa at two room temperatures. The experimental DAB's underestimated the isothermal diffusivities with errors of 23 - 52%, while the parallel simulations followed this trend but with smaller errors (4.1 - 6.3%). DAB underestimation due to column nonisothermality is novel in the gas diffusivity literature. Improvements to the theoretical and experimental techniques presented should result in better DAB estimates.
Cost-benefit analysis of ecosystem modelling to support fisheries management
Creators: name: Holden, Matthew H.
name: Plagányi, Eva E.
name: Fulton, Elizabeth A.
name: Campbell, Alexander B.
name: Janes, Rachel
name: Lovett, Robyn A.
name: Wickens, Montana
name: Adams, Matthew P.
name: Botelho, Larissa Lubiana
name: Dichmont, Catherine M.
name: Erm, Philip
name: Helmstedt, Kate J
name: Heneghan, Ryan F.
name: Mendiolar, Manuela
name: Richardson, Anthony J.
name: Rogers, Jacob G. D.
name: Saunders, Kate
name: Timms, Liam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D

description: Mathematical and statistical models underlie many of the world's most important fisheries management decisions. Since the 19th century, difficulty calibrating and fitting such models has been used to justify the selection of simple, stationary, single-species models to aid tactical fisheries management decisions. Whereas these justifications are reasonable, it is imperative that we quantify the value of different levels of model complexity for supporting fisheries management, especially given a changing climate, where old methodologies may no longer perform as well as in the past. Here we argue that cost-benefit analysis is an ideal lens to assess the value of model complexity in fisheries management. While some studies have reported the benefits of model complexity in fisheries, modeling costs are rarely considered. In the absence of cost data in the literature, we report, as a starting point, relative costs of single-species stock assessment and marine ecosystem models from two Australian organizations. We found that costs varied by two orders of magnitude, and that ecosystem model costs increased with model complexity. Using these costs, we walk through a hypothetical example of cost-benefit analysis. The demonstration is intended to catalyze the reporting of modeling costs and benefits.
Maximum gravitational mass $M_{\rm TOV}=2.25^{+0.08}_{-0.07}M_\odot$ inferred at about $3\%$ precision with multimessenger data of neutron stars
Creators: name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Han, Ming-Zhe
name: Jiang, Jin-Liang
name: Shao, Dong-Sheng
name: Tang, Shao-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximal gravitational mass of nonrotating neutron stars ($M_{\rm TOV}$) is one of the key parameters of compact objects and only loose bounds can be set based on the first principle. With reliable measurements of the masses and/or radii of the neutron stars, $M_{\rm TOV}$ can be robustly inferred from either the mass distribution of these objects or the reconstruction of the equation of state (EoS) of the very dense matter. For the first time we take the advantages of both two approaches to have a precise inference of $M_{\rm TOV}=2.25^{+0.08}_{-0.07}~M_\odot$ (68.3\% credibility), with the updated neutron star mass measurement sample, the mass-tidal deformability data of GW170817, the mass-radius data of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620, as well as the theoretical information from the chiral effective theory ($χ$EFT) and perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) at low and very high energy densities, respectively. This narrow credible range is benefited from the suppression of the high $M_{\rm TOV}$ by the pQCD constraint and the exclusion of the low $M_{\rm TOV}$ by the mass function. Three different EoS reconstruction methods are adopted separately, and the resulting $M_{\rm TOV}$ and $R_{\rm TOV}$ are found to be almost identical, where $R_{\rm TOV}=11.90^{+0.63}_{-0.60}$ km is the radius of the most massive non-rotating NS. This precisely evaluated $M_{\rm TOV}$ suggests that the EoS of neutron star matter is just moderately stiff and the $\sim 2.5-3M_\odot$ compact objects detected by the second generation gravitational wave detectors are most likely the lightest black holes.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures. The latest mass measurements of the neutron stars up to April 2023 have been summarized in Table 1 of the Appendix. Published in PRD with moderate revision
A disc wind model for blueshifts in quasar broad emission lines
Creators: name: Matthews, James H.
name: Strong-Wright, Jago
name: Knigge, Christian
name: Hewett, Paul
name: Temple, Matthew J.
name: Long, Knox S.
name: Rankine, Amy L.
name: Stepney, Matthew
name: Banerji, Manda
name: Richards, Gordon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blueshifts - or, more accurately, blue asymmetries - in broad emission lines such as CIV $λ$1550 are common in luminous quasars and correlate with fundamental properties such as Eddington ratio and broad absorption line (BAL) characteristics. However, the formation of these blueshifts is still not understood, and neither is their physical connection to the BAL phenomenon or accretion disc. In this work, we present Monte Carlo radiative transfer and photoionization simulations using parametrized biconical disc-wind models. We take advantage of the azimuthal symmetry of a quasar and show that we can reproduce CIV blueshifts provided that (i) the disc-midplane is optically thick out to radii beyond the line formation region, so that the receding wind bicone is obscured; and (ii) the system is viewed from relatively low (that is, more face-on) inclinations ($\lesssim40^\circ$). We show that CIV emission line blueshifts and BALs can form in the same wind structure. The velocity profile of the wind has a significant impact on the location of the line formation region and the resulting line profile, suggesting that the shape of the emission lines can be used as a probe of wind-driving physics. While we are successful at producing blueshifts/blue asymmetries in outflows, we struggle to match the detailed shape or skew of the observed emission line profiles. In addition, our models produce redshifted emission-line asymmetries for certain viewing angles. We discuss our work in the context of the CIV $λ$1550 emission blueshift versus equivalent-width space and explore the implications for quasar disc wind physics.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures + 1 appendix. Supplementary material, simulation data and plotting scripts available at: https://github.com/jhmatthews/blueshifts
Five-fingered Hand with Wide Range of Thumb Using Combination of Machined Springs and Variable Stiffness Joints
Creators: name: Makino, Shogo
name: Kawaharazuka, Kento
name: Fujii, Ayaka
name: Kawamura, Masaya
name: Makabe, Tasuku
name: Onitsuka, Moritaka
name: Asano, Yuki
name: Okada, Kei
name: Kawasaki, Koji
name: Inaba, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human hands can not only grasp objects of various shape and size and manipulate them in hands but also exert such a large gripping force that they can support the body in the situations such as dangling a bar and climbing a ladder. On the other hand, it is difficult for most robot hands to manage both. Therefore in this paper we developed the hand which can grasp various objects and exert large gripping force. To develop such hand, we focused on the thumb CM joint with wide range of motion and the MP joints of four fingers with the DOF of abduction and adduction. Based on the hand with large gripping force and flexibility using machined spring, we applied above mentioned joint mechanism to the hand. The thumb CM joint has wide range of motion because of the combination of three machined springs and MP joints of four fingers have variable rigidity mechanism instead of driving each joint independently in order to move joint in limited space and by limited actuators. Using the developed hand, we achieved the grasping of various objects, supporting a large load and several motions with an arm.
description: accepted at IROS2018
What if GW190425 did not produce a black hole promptly?
Creators: name: Radice, David
name: Ricigliano, Giacomo
name: Bhattacharya, Mukul
name: Perego, Albino
name: Fattoyev, Farrukh J.
name: Murase, Kohta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is widely believed that the binary neutron star merger GW190425 produced a black hole promptly upon merger. Motivated by the potential association with the fast radio burst FRB 20190425A, which took place 2.5~hours after the merger, we revisit the question of the outcome of GW190425 by means of numerical relativity simulations. We show that current laboratory and astrophysical constraints on the equation of state of dense matter do not rule out the formation of a long-lived remnant. However, the formation of a stable remnant would have produced a bright kilonova, in tension with upper limits by ZTF at the location and time of FRB 20190425A. Moreover, the ejecta would have been optically thick to radio emission for days to months, preventing a putative FRB from propagating out. The predicted dispersion measure is also several orders of magnitude larger than that observed for FRB 20190425A. Our results indicate that FRB 20190425A and GW190425 are not associated. However, we cannot completely rule out the formation of a long-lived remnant, due to the incomplete coverage of the relevant sky regions. More observations of GW190425-like events, including potential upper limit, have the potential to constrain nuclear physics. To this aim, it is important that follow-up observational campaigns of gravitational wave events are informed by the properties of the source, such as their chirp mass, and we urge the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration to promptly release them publicly.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted to MNRAS
High-Power, Flexible, Robust Hand: Development of Musculoskeletal Hand Using Machined Springs and Realization of Self-Weight Supporting Motion with Humanoid
Creators: name: Makino, Shogo
name: Kawaharazuka, Kento
name: Kawamura, Masaya
name: Asano, Yuki
name: Okada, Kei
name: Inaba, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human can not only support their body during standing or walking, but also support them by hand, so that they can dangle a bar and others. But most humanoid robots support their body only in the foot and they use their hand just to manipulate objects because their hands are too weak to support their body. Strong hands are supposed to enable humanoid robots to act in much broader scene. Therefore, we developed new life-size five-fingered hand that can support the body of life-size humanoid robot. It is tendon-driven and underactuated hand and actuators in forearms produce large gripping force. This hand has flexible joints using machined springs, which can be designed integrally with the attachment. Thus, it has both structural strength and impact resistance in spite of small size. As other characteristics, this hand has force sensors to measure external force and the fingers can be flexed along objects though the number of actuators to flex fingers is less than that of fingers. We installed the developed hand on musculoskeletal humanoid "Kengoro" and achieved two self-weight supporting motions: push-up motion and dangling motion.
description: accepted at IROS2017
Supplementary Material for "Deterministic theory of evolutionary games on temporal networks"
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Fu, Feng
name: Wang, Long
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490104
subject: Complex systems
classificationCode: 490105
subject: Dynamical systems in applications
classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics
classificationCode: 490101
subject: Approximation theory and asymptotic methods

description: This supplementary material is for the paper entitled "Deterministic theory of evolutionary games on temporal networks" that will publish in Journal of the Royal Society Interface. It includes a detailed analysis for deterministic dynamics of pairwise social dilemma games on temporal networks and a supplementary figure for the reveal of evolutionary game dynamics on small-scale temporal networks as well as the emerging topology property of the integrated network.
Exploring Modified Gravity: Constraints on the $μ$ and $Σ$ Parametrization with WMAP, ACT, and SPT
Creators: name: Andrade, Uendert
name: Capistrano, Abraão J. S.
name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Nunes, Rafael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic acceleration problem remains one of the most significant challenges in cosmology. One of the proposed solutions to this problem is the modification of gravity on large scales. In this paper, we explore the well-known $μ$-$Σ$ parametrization scenarios and confront them with observational data, including the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), and South Pole Telescope (SPT), as well as large-scale structure data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS: BAO+RSD) and Pantheon Supernovae (SN) catalog. We employ a Bayesian framework to constrain the model parameters and discuss the implications of our results on the viability of modified gravity theories. Our analysis reveals the strengths and limitations of the $μ$-$Σ$ parametrization and provides valuable insights into the nature of gravity on cosmological scales. From the joint analysis of the ACT + WMAP + SDSS + SN, we find $μ_0 -1 = 0.02 \pm 0.19$ and $Σ_0 -1 = 0.021 \pm 0.068$ at 68% CL. In light of the SPT + WMAP + SDSS + SN, we find $μ_0 -1 = 0.07 \pm 0.18$ and $Σ_0 -1 = -0.009^{+0.078}_{-0.11}$ at 68% CL. In all the analyses carried out, we do not find any deviations from the theory of general relativity. Our results represent an observational update on the well-known $μ$-$Σ$ parameterization in view of current CMB data, independent and competitive with the constraints obtained with the Planck data.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables. References updated; matches version published in MNRAS
Generalized Landauer bound from absolute irreversibility
Creators: name: Buffoni, Lorenzo
name: Coghi, Francesco
name: Gherardini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we introduce a generalization of the Landauer bound for erasure processes that stems from absolutely irreversible dynamics. Assuming that the erasure process is carried out in an absolutely irreversible way so that the probability of observing some trajectories is zero in the forward process but finite in the reverse process, we derive a generalized form of the bound for the average erasure work, which is valid also for imperfect erasure and asymmetric bits. The generalized bound obtained is tighter or, at worst, as tight as existing ones. Our theoretical predictions are supported by numerical experiments and the comparison with data from previous works.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Quantum advantage of time-reversed ancilla-based metrology of absorption parameters
Creators: name: Wang, Jiaxuan
name: Filho, Ruynet. L. de Matos
name: Agarwal, Girish S.
name: Davidovich, Luiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum estimation of parameters defining open-system dynamics may be enhanced by using ancillas that are entangled with the probe but are not submitted to the dynamics. Here we consider the important problem of estimation of transmission of light by a sample, with losses due to absorption and scattering. We show, through the determination of the quantum Fisher information, that the ancilla strategy leads to the best possible precision in single-mode estimation, the one obtained for a Fock state input, through joint photon-counting of probe and ancilla, which are modes of a bimodal squeezed state produced by an optical parametric amplifier. This proposal overcomes the challenge of producing and detecting high photon-number Fock states, and it is quite robust against additional noise: we show that it is immune to phase noise and the precision does not change if the incoming state gets disentangled. Furthermore, the quantum gain is still present under moderate photon losses of the input beams. We also discuss an alternative to joint photon counting, which is readily implementable with present technology, and approaches the quantum Fisher information result for weak absorption, even with moderate photons losses of the input beams before the sample is probed: a time-reversal procedure, placing the sample between two optical parametric amplifiers, with the second undoing the squeezing produced by the first one. The precision of estimation of the loss parameter is obtained from the average outgoing total photon number and its variance. In both procedures, the state of the probe and the detection procedure are independent of the value of the parameter.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Defect-induced helicity-dependent terahertz emission in Dirac semimetal PtTe2 thin films
Creators: name: Chen, Zhongqiang
name: Qiu, Hongsong
name: Cheng, Xinjuan
name: Cui, Jizhe
name: Jin, Zuanming
name: Tian, Da
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Xu, Kankan
name: Liu, Ruxin
name: Niu, Wei
name: Zhou, Liqi
name: Qiu, Tianyu
name: Chen, Yequan
name: Zhang, Caihong
name: Xi, Xiaoxiang
name: Song, Fengqi
name: Yu, Rong
name: Zhai, Xuechao
name: Jin, Biaobing
name: Zhang, Rong
name: Wang, Xuefeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear transport enabled by symmetry breaking in quantum materials has aroused considerable interest in condensed matter physics and interdisciplinary electronics. However, the nonlinear optical response in centrosymmetric Dirac semimetals via the defect engineering has remained highly challenging. Here, we observe the helicity-dependent terahertz (THz) emission in Dirac semimetal PtTe2 thin films via circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) under normal incidence. This is activated by artificially controllable out-of-plane Te-vacancy defect gradient, which is unambiguously evidenced by the electron ptychography. The defect gradient lowers the symmetry, which not only induces the band spin splitting, but also generates the giant Berry curvature dipole (BCD) responsible for the CPGE. Such BCD-induced helicity-dependent THz emission can be manipulated by the Te-vacancy defect concentration. Furthermore, temperature evolution of the THz emission features the minimum of the THz amplitude due to the carrier compensation. Our work provides a universal strategy for symmetry breaking in centrosymmetric Dirac materials for efficient nonlinear transport and facilitates the promising device applications in integrated optoelectronics and spintronics.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
Distributed Differential Graphical Game for Control of Double-Integrator Multi-Agent Systems with Input Delay
Creators: name: Jond, Hossein B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper studies cooperative control of noncooperative double-integrator multi-agent systems (MASs) with input delay on connected directed graphs in the context of a differential graphical game (DGG). In the distributed DGG, each agent seeks a distributed information control policy by optimizing an individual local performance index (PI) of distributed information from its graph neighbors. The local PI, which quadratically penalizes the agent's deviations from cooperative behavior (e.g., the consensus here), is constructed through the use of the graph Laplacian matrix. For DGGs for double-integrator MASs, the existing body of literature lacks the explicit characterization of Nash equilibrium actions and their associated state trajectories with distributed information. To address this issue, we first convert the N-player DGG with m communication links into m coupled optimal control problems (OCPs), which, in turn, convert to the two-point boundary-value problem (TPBVP). We derive the explicit solutions for the TPBV that constitute the explicit distributed information expressions for Nash equilibrium actions and the state trajectories associated with them for the DGG. An illustrative example verifies the explicit solutions of local information to achieve fully distributed consensus.
description: The revised version is accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Control of Network Systems
Study of $Z \to llγ$ decays at $\sqrt s~$= 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a study of $Z \to llγ~$decays with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The analysis uses a proton-proton data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.2 fb$^{-1}$ collected at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV. Integrated fiducial cross-sections together with normalised differential fiducial cross-sections, sensitive to the kinematics of final-state QED radiation, are obtained. The results are found to be in agreement with state-of-the-art predictions for final-state QED radiation. First measurements of $Z \to llγγ$ decays are also reported.
description: 43 pages in total, author list starting page 26, 7 figures, 6 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-05
Gravitational wave triggered searches for high-energy neutrinos from binary neutron star mergers: prospects for next generation detectors
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Mainak
name: Kimura, Shigeo S.
name: Murase, Kohta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation gravitational wave (GW) detectors -- Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will have distance horizons up to $\mathcal{O}(10)$ Gpc for detecting binary neutron star (BNS) mergers. This will make them ideal for triggering high-energy neutrino searches from BNS mergers at the next generation neutrino detectors, such as IceCube-Gen2. We calculate the distance limits as a function of the time window of neutrino analysis, up to which meaningful triggers from the GW detectors can be used to minimize backgrounds and collect a good sample of high-energy neutrino events at the neutrino detectors, using the sky localization capabilities of the GW detectors. We then discuss the prospects of the next generation detectors to work in synergy to facilitate coincident neutrino detections or to constrain the parameter space in the case of non-detection of neutrinos. We show that good localization of GW events, which can be achieved by multiple third generation GW detectors, is necessary to detect a GW-associated neutrino event or put a meaningful constraint ($\sim 3σ$ confidence level) on neutrino emission models. Such an analysis can also help constrain physical models and hence provide insights into neutrino production mechanisms in binary neutron star mergers.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, published version
conceito de «novos públicos» e os discursos sobre o acesso nas instituições de ensino superior públicas portuguesas
Creators: name: Bago, Joana
name: Veiga, Amélia
name: Magalhães, António M.
Publisher: name: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas
Year: 2019

description: O presente artigo analisa de que modo os designados «novos públicos» do ensino superior são construídos discursivamente e convocados nas estratégias das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) de gestão do acesso. A construção da problemática coloca o seu enfoque sobre os discursos legitimadores a propósito da necessidade de aumentar a qualificação da população, com o intuito de compreender como estes estão presentes nas estratégias institucionais, crescentemente influenciadas por preocupações managerialistas. A teoria do discurso de Ernest Laclau e Chantal Mouffe constitui o referencial teórico-metodológico adotado e o corpus da análise corresponde aos planos estratégicos (PE) de 10 IES públicas. Procurou-se caracterizar de que modo é fixado o significado do conceito de «novos públicos», entendido como significante flutuante. Identificou-se a combinação de dois discursos: o discurso «manpower» e o discurso da equidade, afirmando-se o primeiro como dominante.
description: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas, N.º 55 (2019): Epistemologia, ensino e inovação
Effective field theory of particle mixing
Creators: name: Cao, Shuyang
name: Boyanovsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an effective field theory to study \emph{indirect} mixing of two fields induced by their couplings to a common decay channel in a medium. The extension of the method of Lee, Oehme and Yang, the cornerstone of analysis of CP violation in flavored mesons, to include mixing of particles with different masses provides a guide to and benchmark for the effective field theory. The analysis reveals subtle caveats in the description of mixing in terms of the widely used non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonian, more acute in the non-degenerate case. The effective field theory describes the dynamics of field mixing where the common intermediate states populate a bath in thermal equilibrium, as an \emph{open quantum system}. We obtain the effective action up to second order in the couplings, where indirect mixing is a consequence of off-diagonal self-energy components. We find that if only one of the mixing fields features an initial expectation value, indirect mixing induces an expectation value of the other field. The equal time two point correlation functions exhibit asymptotic approach to a stationary thermal state, and the emergence of long-lived \emph{bath induced} coherence which display quantum beats as a consequence of interference of quasinormal modes in the medium. The amplitudes of the quantum beats are resonantly enhanced in the nearly degenerate case with potential observational consequences.
Formação de professores e projetos de cooperação internacional em Angola
Creators: name: Poças, Sara
name: Lopes, Amélia
name: Medina, Teresa
name: Santos, Júlio Gonçalves Dos
Publisher: name: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas
Year: 2019

description: A globalização afeta sobremaneira os Estados-Nação, levando-os a ter agendas e objetivos similares. Falando de globalização e educação, é inevitável reconhecer o papel de organismos internacionais que influenciam as políticas educativas nacionais, nomeadamente na produção e circulação de ideias, projetos e agendas políticas. Em Angola, existem diversos projetos de cooperação, a maioria deles de cooperação bilateral. Neste artigo pretende-se abordar a forma como os projetos de cooperação internacional influenciam as conceções e práticas de formação inicial e contínua de professores em Angola. Para isso, perscrutaram-se esses efeitos em três províncias, Benguela, Cabinda e Kunene, com uma metodologia de natureza qualitativa. Os resultados aqui apresentados decorrem de análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas a responsáveis das respetivas Direções Provinciais de Educação. Apesar de serem muito distintas, o funcionamento do sistema educativo nestas províncias é muito semelhante, com reflexos principalmente na formação de professores. Os parâmetros definidos para a melhoria da formação de professores aparecem, por um lado, fortemente influenciados pelos projetos de cooperação internacional nas suas conceções e práticas e, por outro, com formas de implementação pouco sistemáticas e pouco eficientes. Com base em algumas tendências diferenciadoras encontradas, sugere-se a necessidade de monitorização e recontextualização da formação de professores em Angola.
description: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas, N.º 55 (2019): Epistemologia, ensino e inovação
PERCEPTION OF THE EFFECTS OF WATER PIPE SMOKING ON OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENTS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN EASTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA
Creators: name: Saud Nayef Aldanyowi, Ekram Sami Alkhalifah,  Fatimah Alkhalifah, Anwar Alkhalifah , Faisal Faihan Alotaibi, Noor Abdulkarim Alqurqush , Shaikah Abdulaziz Alzarah,  Muhannad Ismail Albader , Tariq Ali Alshaery , Munirah Mohammed Abdulaziz Al Shuaibi, Hanin Jaber Mobarki
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Backgrounds: It is widely believed that waterpipe smoking (waterpipe, hookah, narghile, shisha) is not associated with health risks and it is less lethal than cigarettes smoking but several studies had documented the adverse effects of waterpipe smoking in health. Therefore, the present study aims to measure the level of perception among medical students at KFU on the effects of waterpipe smoking and the subsequent development of osteoporosis in eastern region of Saudi Arabia. It is believed water pipe smoking change the structure of bone which may lead to osteoporosis and Osteoporosis is bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases , or when the quality or structure of bone changes .

Methods: A cross sectional was conducted among 377 medical students of KFU, between the age group18 and above 24 years old. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, the questionnaire was divided into three sections: the first section was about sociodemographic data. The second section consisted of three questions all related to smoking status and the third part consisted of true and false answers for16 questions to test the respondent’s knowledge and perception of waterpipe smoking and its effects on osteoporosis disease, the questions were including risk factors, diagnosis, and the management. The third part of the questionnaire, which is related to the knowledge, and had the following scoring criteria, 1 point for the correct answer and 0 point for the wrong answer and the total score out of 16 to 16 questions and the criteria was set as following groups, 1-4 poor, 5-9 moderate, 10-13 good, and 14-16 excellent knowledge. Data analyses were done using SPSS Version 20. The data was presented using chi-square for nominal data and T-test was used for numerical data. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05 which is considered statically significant

Results: The results showed that Knowledge’s scores among KFU medical student, 18.4% from the respondents had poor knowledge, 53.4 % had moderate knowledge, 26.6 % had good knowledge and 1.6% had excellent knowledge.

In conclusion, the majority of respondents had moderate knowledge of waterpipe smoking

and osteoporosis. The findings may help to raise the awareness of the adverse effects of waterpipe smokers and the great risk for developing osteoporosis. Also, these results can be used for public health in water pipe prevention programs.

Keywords: osteoporosis, Knowledge, water pipe smoking, medical students
title: Popi, Popa et Popaie
title: Popi, Popa et Popaie
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Pétremand, Noémie
name: Lötscher, Jenay
Publisher: name: Plume et Pinceau
Year: 0

description: Livre né d'une collaboration entre la crèche du Clos-de-Bulle et Plume et Pinceau à l'occasion du 10e anniversaire du programme POPAIE.
Long-lived heavy neutral leptons at lepton colliders as a probe of left-right symmetric models
Creators: name: Urquía-Calderón, Kevin A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Left-right symmetric models (LRSM) were proposed to reconcile the apparent parity violation in weak interactions with our intrinsic notion of fundamental parity symmetry. It was quickly realized that LRSM offers a viable framework for explaining neutrino masses by incorporating right-handed neutrinos, $N$, into its spectrum. In this study, we investigate for the first time the potential of future lepton colliders (including the FCC-ee, CEPC, ILC, CLIC, and a muon collider) to detect signals stemming from $N$'s, focusing primarily on displaced vertex signals, and on prompt signals to a lesser degree. Our results demonstrate that these signals can effectively probe the characteristic scales of LRSM, providing evidence that would be unobtainable through any other experimental means.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, matching PRD version. Properly considered decay volume depending on final leptons, added appendix on different mixing scenarios. Conclusions unchanged
Charmonium decays of beauty baryons in the perturbative QCD approach
Creators: name: Rui, Zhou
name: Zou, Zhi-Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent advances in experimental measurements of heavy baryon decays, the charmonium decays of single $b$-baryon are investigated systematically in the framework of perturbative QCD approach. We calculate the decay branching ratios and helicity amplitudes as well as many pertinent decay asymmetry parameters that characterize the angular decay distributions. In particular, we estimate the fragmentation fractions of $b$ quark to $b$-baryons based on the current world averages of the branching ratio multiplied by fragmentation fraction. Some of the featured results are compared with the predictions of other approaches and experimental data. We also evaluate the branching ratios and angular asymmetries of the $Σ_b$ and $Ξ'_b$ decay modes, which have neither been measured experimentally nor calculated theoretically. Our results could be helpful for a future experimental search for them and provide deeper insights in the understanding of the dynamics of heavy-flavor weak decay processes.
description: 30 pages,3 figures, 10 Tables;matches version published in PRD
Descolonizar a educação é preciso
Creators: name: Sá, Ana Paula Dos Santos De
Publisher: name: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas
Year: 2019

description: O presente artigo discute os significados de uma perspectiva pós-colonial de educação, com base na premissa de que perdura, em muitos países de passado colonial, como o Brasil, um legado simbólico responsável, frequentemente, pela produção e manutenção de ausências curriculares no que tange aos saberes e às narrativas de grupos historicamente subalternizados. Em diálogo com exemplos do contexto educacional brasileiro, concernentes, em especial, ao ensino-aprendizagem de literatura, refletimos sobre os sentidos de uma educação que reconheça e que, por conseguinte, enfrente os efeitos do colonialismo nos currículos e nas práticas didático-pedagógicas, de modo a assegurar a pluralidade cultural na esfera escolar. Para além de discussões e de articulações teóricas em torno dos pressupostos dos Estudos Culturais e Pós-Coloniais, revisamos, brevemente, alguns aspectos do pensamento de Paulo de Freire, a fim de ampliar o debate sobre o papel da escola no tocante à negação e/ou ao reforço de epistemologias monoculturais.
description: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas, N.º 55 (2019): Epistemologia, ensino e inovação
Constraining primordial black hole masses through $f(R)$ gravity scalarons in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Talukdar, Abhijit
name: Kalita, Sanjeev
name: Das, Nirmali
name: Lahkar, Nandita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is a strong probe for constraining new physics including gravitation. $f(R)$ gravity theory is an interesting alternative to general relativity which introduces additional degrees of freedom known as scalarons. In this work we demonstrate the existence of black hole solutions in $f(R)$ gravity and develop a relation between scalaron mass and black hole mass. We have used observed bound on the freezeout temperature to constrain scalaron mass range by modifying the cosmic expansion rate at the BBN epoch. The mass range of primordial black holes (PBHs) which are astrophysical dark matter candidates is deduced. The range of scalaron mass which does not spoil the BBN era is found to be $10^{-16}-10^4 \text{ eV}$ for both relativistic and non-relativistic scalarons. The window $10^{-16}-10^{-14}$ eV of scalaron mass obtained from solar system constraint on PPN parameter is compatible with the BBN bound derived in this work. The PBH mass range is obtained as $10^6-10^{-14}\text{ }M_{\odot}$. Scalarons constrained by BBN are also eligible to accommodate axion like dark matter particles. The problem of ultra-light PBHs ($M \le 10^{-24} \text{ }M_\odot$) not constrained by the present study of BBN is still open. Estimation of deuterium (D) fraction and relative D+$^3$He abundance in the $f(R)$ gravity scenario shows that the BBN history mimics that of general relativity. While the PBH mass range is eligible for non-baryonic dark matter, the BBN bounded scalarons provide with an independent strong field test of $f(R)$ gravity. The PBH mass range obtained in the study is discussed in relation to future astronomical measurements.
description: 26 pages, 3 figures. v2: Minor clarifications are done and new references are added, text is refined, this version is accepted for publication in JCAP
Visões de estudantes universitários/as negros/as acerca da ciência e tecnologia, no contexto da educação das relações étnico-raciais
Creators: name: Souza, Carolina Rodrigues
name: Verrangia, Douglas
name: Pierson, Alice Helena
Publisher: name: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas
Year: 2019

description: Este artigo se insere em um estudo que pretende investigar formas de superar desigualdades na formação profissional superior. Jovens universitários/as negros/as oriundos de carreiras científicas e tecnológicas participaram, em uma universidade estadual de São Paulo-Brasil, de um curso formativo sobre relações étnico-raciais para investigar como se atribuem significados à noção de Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T) ao planejar e desenvolver uma intervenção educativa em um cursinho pré-vestibular popular. Seus diários reflexivos foram os documentos de análise e permitiram aprofundar a discussão teórico-metodológica acerca da alterização e sua relação com as desigualdades sociais. A história silenciada ou apagada de africanos/as e afrodescendentes foi identificada como um importante aspecto constitutivo da ciência e da tecnologia a ser superado. Essa ausência teve forte impacto na produção de identidades e pertencimentos dos/as jovens negros/as na vida social contemporânea. Sua presença e seus apontamentos e questionamentos em campo problematizaram a área de ciências exatas e tecnologia, a escola e o ensino superior. Sua condição minoritária no campo C&T, aqui compreendida como impulso de transformação, possibilitou mudanças e pensamentos na direção de outras e novas subjetividades.
description: Educação, Sociedade & Culturas, N.º 55 (2019): Epistemologia, ensino e inovação
Speaker Distance Estimation in Enclosures from Single-Channel Audio
Creators: name: Neri, Michael
name: Politis, Archontis
name: Krause, Daniel
name: Carli, Marco
name: Virtanen, Tuomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distance estimation from audio plays a crucial role in various applications, such as acoustic scene analysis, sound source localization, and room modeling. Most studies predominantly center on employing a classification approach, where distances are discretized into distinct categories, enabling smoother model training and achieving higher accuracy but imposing restrictions on the precision of the obtained sound source position. Towards this direction, in this paper we propose a novel approach for continuous distance estimation from audio signals using a convolutional recurrent neural network with an attention module. The attention mechanism enables the model to focus on relevant temporal and spectral features, enhancing its ability to capture fine-grained distance-related information. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments using audio recordings in controlled environments with three levels of realism (synthetic room impulse response, measured response with convolved speech, and real recordings) on four datasets (our synthetic dataset, QMULTIMIT, VoiceHome-2, and STARSS23). Experimental results show that the model achieves an absolute error of 0.11 meters in a noiseless synthetic scenario. Moreover, the results showed an absolute error of about 1.30 meters in the hybrid scenario. The algorithm's performance in the real scenario, where unpredictable environmental factors and noise are prevalent, yields an absolute error of approximately 0.50 meters. For reproducible research purposes we make model, code, and synthetic datasets available at https://github.com/michaelneri/audio-distance-estimation.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Behavioural analysis of farmers' and consumers' choice for legume uptake
Creators: name: Toma, Luiza
name: Akaichi, Faical
name: Shrestha, Shailesh
name: Barnes, Andrew
name: Zimmermann, Beate
name: Barrios, Christine Oré
name: Krimly, Tatjana
name: Angenendt, Elisabeth
name: Lippert, Christian
name: Bienkowski, Damian
name: Iannetta, Pietro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Legume
Farmer
Consumer
Diet
Choice Experiments
Structural Equation Modelling

description: This Deliverable report presents the impact of key factors influencing decision making of farmers and consumers to uptake legume cultivation and, respectively, the choice to include legumes into diets. Results provide guidance on determinants of positive behavioural change towards legume inclusion. Farmer and consumer analyses are based on survey data for the UK farmers and consumers, and findings are discussed comparatively in the context of European production and consumption and main factors potentially influencing behaviours and trends. The report informs how we may operate more effectively to affect behavioural change positively towards legume inclusion.
Quasi-free-standing AA-stacked bilayer graphene induced by calcium intercalation of the graphene-silicon carbide interface
Creators: name: Grubišić-Čabo, Antonija
name: Kotsakidis, Jimmy C.
name: Yin, Yuefeng
name: Tadich, Anton
name: Haldon, Matthew
name: Solari, Sean
name: Riley, John
name: Huwald, Eric
name: Daniels, Kevin M.
name: Myers-Ward, Rachael L.
name: Edmonds, Mark T.
name: Medhekar, Nikhil
name: Gaskill, D. Kurt
name: Fuhrer, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quasi-freestanding bilayer graphene on silicon carbide intercalated by calcium. The intercalation, and subsequent changes to the system, were investigated by low-energy electron diffraction, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density-functional theory (DFT). Calcium is found to intercalate only at the graphene-SiC interface, completely displacing the hydrogen terminating SiC. As a consequence, the system becomes highly n-doped. Comparison to DFT calculations shows that the band dispersion, as determined by ARPES, deviates from the band structure expected for Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. Instead, the electronic structure closely matches AA-stacked bilayer graphene on Ca-terminated SiC, indicating a spontaneous transition from AB- to AA-stacked bilayer graphene following calcium intercalation of the underlying graphene-SiC interface.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures