cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PREMIUM RATE DETERMINATION IN THE FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE PROGRAM: WHAT DO AVERAGES HAVE TO SAY ABOUT RISK?
Creators: name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: This article reviews actuarial procedures used to calculate premium rates in the federal crop insurance program. Average yields are used as an important indicator of risk under current rating practices. The strength and validity of this relationship is examined using historical yield data drawn from a large sample of Kansas farms. The results indicate that assumed relationships between average yields and yield variation are tenuous and imply that rating procedures that rely on average yields may induce adverse selection.
Branches of the Landscape
Creators: name: Dine, M.
name: O'Neil, D.
name: Sun, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With respect to the question of supersymmetry breaking, there are three branches of the flux landscape. On one of these, if one requires small cosmological constant, supersymmetry breaking is predominantly at the fundamental scale; on another, the distribution is roughly flat on a logarithmic scale; on the third, the preponderance of vacua are at very low scale. A priori, as we will explain, one can say little about the first branch. The vast majority of these states are not accessible even to crude, approximate analysis. On the other two branches one can hope to do better. But as a result of the lack of access to branch one, and our poor understanding of cosmology, we can at best conjecture about whether string theory predicts low energy supersymmetry or not. If we hypothesize that are on branch two or three, distinctive predictions may be possible. We comment of the status of naturalness within the landscape, deriving, for example, the statistics of the first branch from simple effective field theory reasoning.
description: 21 pages, typos corrected, references added
Additional file 2 of Different effects of constitutive and induced microbiota modulation on microglia in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Mezö, Charlotte
name: Dokalis, Nikolaos
name: Mossad, Omar
name: Staszewski, Ori
name: Neuber, Jana
name: Yilmaz, Bahtiyar
name: Schnepf, Daniel
name: Agüero, Mercedes Gomez De
name: Ganal-Vonarburg, Stephanie C.
name: Macpherson, Andrew J.
name: Meyer-Luehmann, Melanie
name: Staeheli, Peter
name: Blank, Thomas
name: Prinz, Marco
name: Erny, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Fig. 2. Absence of host microbiota reduces hippocampal Aβ depositions in 5xFAD mice. (A) Representative immunofluorescence images of 6E10+ (red) compact and diffuse Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of 4 months old SPF, GF and ABX-treated 5xFAD mice. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Overview of hippocampus and magnification of subiculum (dashed line) are shown. Scale bars represent 300 μm (overview) and 50 μm (insert). (B) Quantification of the number of 6E10+ Aβ-plaques per mm2, (C) percentage of 6E10+ area and (D) average 6E10+ plaque size (μm2) in coronal hippocampal sections of SPF, GF and ABX-treated 5xFAD mice. Each symbol represents one mouse. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. Significant differences were determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc comparison test (***P
Electrostatic pair-interaction of nearby metal or metal-coated colloids at fluid interfaces
Creators: name: Bebon, Rick
name: Majee, Arghya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we theoretically study the electrostatic interaction between a pair of identical colloids with constant surface potentials sitting in close vicinity of each other at a fluid interface. By employing a simplified yet reasonable model system, the problem is solved within the framework of classical density functional theory and linearized as well as nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) theory. Apart from providing a sound theoretical framework generally applicable to any such problem, our novel findings, all of which contradict common beliefs, include the following: first, quantitative as well as qualitative differences between the interactions obtained within the linear and the nonlinear PB theories; second, the importance of the electrostatic interaction between the omnipresent three-phase contact lines in interfacial systems; and third, the occurrence of an attractive electrostatic interaction between a pair of identical metal colloids. The unusual attraction we report on largely stems from an attractive line interaction which although scales linearly with the size of the particle, can compete with the surface interactions and can be strong enough to alter the nature of the total electrostatic interaction. Our results should find applications in metal or metal-coated particle-stabilized emulsions where densely packed particle arrays are not only frequently observed but are sometimes required.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Discretization of partial differential equations preserving their physical symmetries
Creators: name: Valiquette, Francis
name: Winternitz, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 39A99; 58D19

description: A procedure for obtaining a "minimal" discretization of a partial differential equation, preserving all of its Lie point symmetries is presented. "Minimal" in this case means that the differential equation is replaced by a partial difference scheme involving N difference equations, where N is the number of independent and dependent variable. We restrict to one scalar function of two independent variables. As examples, invariant discretizations of the heat, Burgers and Korteweg-de Vries equations are presented. Some exact solutions of the discrete schemes are obtained.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures
NUTRITION INFORMATION AND HOUSEHOLD DIETARY FAT INTAKE
Creators: name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Lin, Huei Chin
name: Gould, Brian W.
name: Lin, Huei Chin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: An endogenous switching regression model is used to examine how meal planner health knowledge affects dietary fat intake. Ethnicity, income, meal planner age, being on a low-fat diet, and other health awareness behaviors had significant effects on health knowledge. After controlling for differences in household and meal planner characteristics, intake of total and saturated fat was found to depend on health knowledge status.
Layerwise learning for quantum neural networks
Creators: name: Skolik, Andrea
name: McClean, Jarrod R.
name: Mohseni, Masoud
name: van der Smagt, Patrick
name: Leib, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increased focus on quantum circuit learning for near-term applications on quantum devices, in conjunction with unique challenges presented by cost function landscapes of parametrized quantum circuits, strategies for effective training are becoming increasingly important. In order to ameliorate some of these challenges, we investigate a layerwise learning strategy for parametrized quantum circuits. The circuit depth is incrementally grown during optimization, and only subsets of parameters are updated in each training step. We show that when considering sampling noise, this strategy can help avoid the problem of barren plateaus of the error surface due to the low depth of circuits, low number of parameters trained in one step, and larger magnitude of gradients compared to training the full circuit. These properties make our algorithm preferable for execution on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. We demonstrate our approach on an image-classification task on handwritten digits, and show that layerwise learning attains an 8% lower generalization error on average in comparison to standard learning schemes for training quantum circuits of the same size. Additionally, the percentage of runs that reach lower test errors is up to 40% larger compared to training the full circuit, which is susceptible to creeping onto a plateau during training.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 4 of Nuclear proteome of virus-infected and healthy potato leaves
Creators: name: Rajamäki, Minna-Liisa
name: Sidona Sikorskaite-Gudziuniene
name: Sarmah, Nandita
name: Varjosalo, Markku
name: Valkonen, Jari P. T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Figure S1. Original images for Fig. 6.
PRICE-BAND STABILIZATION PROGRAMS AND RISK: AN APPLICATION TO THE U.S. CORN MARKET
Creators: name: Holt, Matthew T.
name: Holt, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The impacts of introducing a partial price stabilization scheme in the U.S. corn market are investigated by using a modified version of the bounded price variation model. Specifically, a model is developed and estimated that includes rational expectations of the first three central moments of the (truncated) equilibrium price distribution. The estimated model is used to stimulate market equilibrium effects of introducing upper and lower price limits through a tax-subsidy scheme. The results show that corn producers are downside risk averse, and that market feedback effects of price stabilization can, at times, be more important than direct effects.
Pinning of Andreev bound states to zero energy in two-dimensional superconductor-semiconductor Rashba heterostructures
Creators: name: Dmytruk, Olesia
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a two-dimensional electron gas with Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) partially covered by an s-wave superconductor, where the uncovered region remains normal but is exposed to an effective Zeeman field applied perpendicular to the plane. We find analytically and numerically Andreev bound states (ABSs) formed in the normal region and show that, due to SOI and by tuning the parameters of the system deeply into the topologically trivial phase, one can reach a regime where the energy of the lowest ABS becomes pinned close to zero as a function of Zeeman field. The energy of such an ABS is shown to decay as an inverse power-law in Zeeman field. We also consider a superconductor-semiconductor heterostructure with a superconducting vortex at the center and in the presence of strong SOI, and find again ABSs that can get pinned close to zero energy in the non-topological phase.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
title: Using Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) Vertically Integrated Ice (VII) to assess cloud-to-ground lightning initiation potential for use in IDSS
Creators: name: Bogel, Corey
name: Kredensor, Francis
Publisher: name: NOAA National Weather Service Eastern Region
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02txa8h30
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Eastern Region technical attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)) ; 2020-03
description: The intent of this study is to investigate the use of multi-radar/multi-sensor (MRMS) vertically integrated ice (VII) as a lightning nowcasting tool, with the goal of providing forecasters with greater confidence and skill in assessing the potential for cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning strikes.  This may aid forecasters in impact-based decision support services (IDSS) as it relates to CG lightning initiation.  The use of MRMS VII may be useful for identifying storm initiation and the onset of electrical activity.  Prior to MRMS, VII was not available operationally, but now VII can be used as a lightning nowcasting tool.  VII is derived from a 3D reflectivity cube by vertically integrating reflectivity from -10 °C to -40 °C using the Rapid Refresh (RAP) model and converting to mass/area.  Several hundred lightning and non-lightning producing cells were examined across the National Weather Service (NWS) Caribou, Maine area of forecast responsibility.  The probability of detection (POD), critical success index (CSI), and false alarm rate (FAR) were calculated for various isothermal reflectivity levels and VII thresholds.  This study showed that the greatest lead time to CG lightning initiation was associated with the lowest values of VII, which at the time of the study was 1.0 kg m-2.
Damian, Papst und Patriarch von Alexandrien
Creators: name: Müller, Caspar Detlef G.
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 70 (1986): Oriens christianus, Band 70
Comparative Financial Performance of Agricultural Cooperatives and Investor-Owned Firms
Creators: name: Hardesty, Shermain D.
name: Salgia, Vikas D.
name: Hardesty, Shermain D.
name: Salgia, Vikas D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This study researches the validity of claims that cooperatives are destroying value by comparing the financial performance of agricultural cooperatives with investor-owned firms in four sectors--dairy, farm supply, fruit and vegetable, and grain. Traditional financial ratios measuring profitability, liquidity, leverage and asset efficiency were analyzed for 1991 through 2002. Overall, the financial performances of agricultural cooperatives and their investor-owned counterparts were comparable. Consistent with theoretical expectations, cooperatives demonstrated lower rates of asset efficiency, except in the dairy sector. Cooperatives in all four sectors were less leveraged, while results regarding the relative profitability and liquidity of cooperatives were not conclusive.
Coding for the Optical Channel: the Ghost-Pulse Constraint
Creators: name: Kashyap, Navin
name: Siegel, Paul H.
name: Vardy, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a number of constrained coding techniques that can be used to mitigate a nonlinear effect in the optical fiber channel that causes the formation of spurious pulses, called ``ghost pulses.'' Specifically, if $b_1 b_2 ... b_{n}$ is a sequence of bits sent across an optical channel, such that $b_k=b_l=b_m=1$ for some $k,l,m$ (not necessarily all distinct) but $b_{k+l-m} = 0$, then the ghost-pulse effect causes $b_{k+l-m}$ to change to 1, thereby creating an error. We design and analyze several coding schemes using binary and ternary sequences constrained so as to avoid patterns that give rise to ghost pulses. We also discuss the design of encoders and decoders for these coding schemes.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Monitoring the anesthetic-induced unconsciousness (hypnosis) using wavelet analysis of the electroencephalogram
Creators: name: Zikov, Tatjana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents a novel method for the discrimination between various levels of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness (i.e. hypnosis) in the context of intra-operative anesthesia. This is achieved by means of the wavelet analysis of the patient's Electroencephalogram (EEG). While monitors of hypnosis are already available, they rely on complex signal processing algorithms, and in some instances, on multivariate statistical analysis of a large quantity of data. To date, the BIS® monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, Inc., MA) provides the most accepted solution. It displays an index calculated based on bispectral analysis, and has been the subject of many clinical trials over the past 5 years. As such, it is widely known and accepted by the medical community, particularly in the United States. Wavelet analysis can be viewed as a generalization of Fourier analysis that introduces time localization in addition to frequency decomposition of a signal. This major advantage of wavelets makes them particularly suitable for the analysis of non-stationary signals such as the EEG. In this thesis, we present a simple wavelet-based technique that calculates, in real time, an index of hypnosis (so-called WAV Index) based on a patient's electroencephalogram. Wavelet analysis significantly reduces the computational complexity to perform this task. Further, neither a large number of patients nor an extensive amount of clinical EEG data is needed for the index derivation. In addition, a technique for the de-noising of the electroencephalogram to remove ocular artifacts is proposed. These artifacts, which result from ocular activity (eye blinks and movements), strongly perturb the EEG signal by superimposing large spikes and step-like patterns. Hypnotic states such as the awake state and light sedation are typically corrupted by these waveforms. The solution proposed successfully removes these artifacts from the EEG, thus providing a clean signal for the wavelet analysis. This technique further works in the case of head movement artifacts. Finally, clinical validation has been carried out to assess the performance of the proposed index. While being particularly well-correlated to the bispectral index, the proposed index has a faster response to fast transients and it is more consistent in terms of patient intra-variability.
The Emergence of Non-Traditional Cooperative Structures: Public and Private Policy Issues
Creators: name: Chaddad, Fabio Ribas
name: Cook, Michael L.
name: Chaddad, Fabio Ribas
name: Cook, Michael L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: cooperative finance
subject: ownership structure
subject: property rights.

description: This paper examines new agricultural cooperative organizational models from an ownership rights perspective. We argue that new cooperative organizational models differ in the way ownership rights are assigned to the economic agents tied contractually to the firm - members, patrons, and investors. The paper proposes a typology of discrete organizational models, in which the traditional cooperative structure and the investor-oriented firm are characterized as polar forms. Five non-traditional models are described and analyzed with implications to both private and public policy.
A Gemini Observation of the Anomalous X-ray Pulsar 1RXS J170849-400910
Creators: name: Safi-Harb, Samar
name: West, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) represent a growing class of neutron stars discovered at X-ray energies. While the nature of their multi-wavelength emission mechanism is still under debate, evidence has been recently accumulating in favor of their magnetar nature. Their study in the optical and infrared (IR) wavelengths has recently opened a new window to constrain the proposed models. We here present a brief overview of AXPs and our Gemini-South observation of 1RXS J170849-400910, which is a relatively bright AXP discovered with ROSAT and later found to be an 11 s X-ray pulsar by ASCA. The observation was taken with the near-IR imager Flamingos in J (1.25 um), H (1.65 um), and Ks (2.15 um). We confirm the recent detection by Israel et al. (2003) of a source coincident with the Chandra source (candidate `A'). Our derived magnitudes of J = 20.6 (0.2), H = 18.6 (0.2), and Ks = 17.1 (0.2) are consistent with those derived by Israel et al. (2003), and indicate that if this source is indeed the IR counterpart to 1RXS J170849-400910, then there is no evidence of variability from this AXP. However, given the lack of IR variability and the relatively high IR to X-ray flux of this source when compared to the other AXPs, we conclude that this source is unlikely the counterpart of the AXP, and that the other source (candidate `B') within the Chandra error circle should not be ruled out as the counterpart. Further monitoring of these sources and a deep observation of this complex field are needed to confirm the nature of these sources and their association with the AXP.
description: A refereed publication that includes a brief overview of AXPs. Submitted to Elsevier Science 29 Oct. 2004, accepted 24 Dec. 2004. To appear in Advances in Space Research. 10 pages including 2 tables and one color jpg figure. The paper with the high-resolution eps color figure can be downloaded from: http://aurora.physics.umanitoba.ca/~samar/cospar2004/AXP/
A search for fast radio burst-like emission from Fermi gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Bouwhuis, Mieke
name: Bannister, Keith W.
name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Kaplan, David L.
name: Bunton, John D.
name: Koribalski, Bärbel S.
name: Whiting, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of the rapid follow-up observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the Fermi satellite to search for associated fast radio bursts. The observations were conducted with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder at frequencies from 1.2-1.4 GHz. A set of 20 bursts, of which four were short GRBs, were followed up with a typical latency of about one minute, for a duration of up to 11 hours after the burst. The data was searched using 4096 dispersion measure trials up to a maximum dispersion measure of 3763 pc cm$^{-3}$, and for pulse widths $w$ over a range of duration from 1.256 to 40.48 ms. No associated pulsed radio emission was observed above $26 {\rm Jy ms} (w/1 {\rm ms})^{-1/2}$ for any of the 20 GRBs.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal
Equipartition of Energy Defines the Size-Thickness Relationship in Liquid-Exfoliated Nanosheets
Creators: name: Backes, Claudia
name: Campi, Davide
name: Szydlowska, Beata M.
name: Synnatschke, Kevin
name: Ojala, Ezgi
name: Rashvand, Farnia
name: Harvey, Andrew
name: Griffin, Aideen
name: Sofer, Zdenek
name: Marzari, Nicola
name: Coleman, Jonathan N.
name: O'Regan, David D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liquid phase exfoliation is a commonly used method to produce 2D nanosheets from a range of layered crystals. However, such nanosheets display broad size and thickness distributions and correlations between area and thickness, issues that limit nanosheet application potential. To understand the factors controlling the exfoliation process, we have liquid-exfoliated 11 different layered materials, size-selecting each into fractions before using AFM to measure the nanosheet length, width, and thickness distributions for each fraction. The resultant data show a clear power-law scaling of nanosheet area with thickness for each material. We have developed a simple nonequilibrium thermodynamics-based model predicting that the power-law prefactor is proportional to both the ratios of in-plane-tearing/out-of-plane-peeling energies and in-plane/out-of-plane moduli. By comparing the experimental data with the modulus ratio calculated from first-principles, we find close agreement between experiment and theory. This supports our hypothesis that energy equipartition holds between nanosheet tearing and peeling during sonication-assisted exfoliation.
description: Accepted Manuscript (30 pages) and Supporting Information (68 pages)
Direct photon interferometry
Creators: name: Peressounko, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider recent developments in the theory of the two-photon interferometry in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions with emphasis on the difference between photon and hadron interferometry. We review the available experimental results and discuss possibilities of measurement of the photon Bose-Einstein correlations in ongoing and future experiments.
description: 6 pages, prepared for the Proceedings of Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy (WPCF), Kromeriz, Czech Republic, August 15-17, 2005. Ref. added
Angular analysis of B decaying into J/psi Tensor, J/psi Vector and J/psi Scalar
Creators: name: Sharma, Chandradew
name: Sinha, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of $B \to \jpsi K^{\star}_{2}(1430)$ decay mode is complicated by the fact that close to the $J^{PC}=2^{++}$ meson $\Kstart(1430)$, there lie other $J^{PC}=1^{--}$ and $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ resonances, $K^{\star}(1410)$ and $K^{\star}_{0}(1430)$ respectively. We show how an angular analysis can be used to isolate the contributions from the different resonances and partial waves contributing to the final state $B\to \jpsi K_X$, where $K_X$ could be any of the resonance $K^{\star}_{2}(1430)$, $K^{\star}(1410)$ or $K^{\star}_{0}(1430)$. For this purpose we study the time integrated differential decay rate. We also construct a time dependent angular asymmetry that enables a clean measurement of the mixing phase $β$ in the mode $B\to \jpsi \Kstart(1430)$ alone, without contributions from the decay modes $B\to\jpsi\Kstarsz(1430)$ or $B\to\jpsi\Kstar(1410)$.
description: 20 pages, 0 figures
Additional file 3 of Facilitating factors and barriers to accessibility and utilization of kangaroo mother care service among parents of low birth weight infants in Mangochi District, Malawi: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Mathias, Christina T.
name: Mianda, Solange
name: Themba G. Ginindza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Availability Checklist For Researcher to Assess KMC Unit Availability.
Error Analysis For Encoding A Qubit In An Oscillator
Creators: name: Glancy, S.
name: Knill, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the paper titled "Encoding A Qubit In An Oscillator" Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill [quant-ph/0008040] described a method to encode a qubit in the continuous Hilbert space of an oscillator's position and momentum variables. This encoding provides a natural error correction scheme that can correct errors due to small shifts of the position or momentum wave functions (i.e., use of the displacement operator). We present bounds on the size of correctable shift errors when both qubit and ancilla states may contain errors. We then use these bounds to constrain the quality of input qubit and ancilla states.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review A
Dust in the Wolf-Rayet Nebula M1-67
Creators: name: Jiménez-Hernández, P.
name: Arthur, S. J.
name: Toalá, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Wolf-Rayet nebula M1-67 around WR124 is located above the Galactic plane in a region mostly empty of interstellar medium, which makes it the perfect target to study the mass-loss episodes associated with the late stages of massive star evolution. Archive photometric observations from WISE, Spitzer (MIPS) and Herschel (PACS and SPIRE) are used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the nebula in the wavelength range of 12-500$μ$m. The infrared (photometric and spectroscopic) data and nebular optical data from the literature are modeled simultaneously using the spectral synthesis code Cloudy, where the free parameters are the gas density distribution and the dust grain size distribution. The infrared SED can be reproduced by dust grains with two size distributions: a MRN power-law distribution with grain sizes between 0.005 and 0.05$μ$m and a population of large grains with representative size 0.9$ μ$m. The latter points towards an eruptive origin for the formation of M1-67. The model predicts a nebular ionized gas mass of $M_\mathrm{ion} = 9.2^{+1.6}_{-1.5}~\mathrm{M}_\odot$ and the estimated mass-loss rate during the dust-formation period is $\dot{M} \approx 6 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{M}_\odot$yr$^{-1}$. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of single and binary stellar evolution and propose that M1-67 represents the best candidate for a post-common envelope scenario in massive stars.
description: 15 pages, 11 Figures, 7 Tables; accepted for MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Facilitating factors and barriers to accessibility and utilization of kangaroo mother care service among parents of low birth weight infants in Mangochi District, Malawi: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Mathias, Christina T.
name: Mianda, Solange
name: Themba G. Ginindza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Guide: High-risk pregnant women.
LOD for early modern normative textsCooperation between law, history and DH
Creators: name: Romein, Christel Annemieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: digital scholarship
Digital Humanities
Computational linguistics
Ontology
Entangled Histories
Police Ordinances
Linked Open Data

description: Policeygesetzgebung or police-ordinances can be seen as the first kind of voluntaristic laws. These norms fit between formal law and traditional statutes, customary law and social norms. These normative rules could thus come in a plurality of forms; therefore, literature regularly refers to these various types as multinormativity. Institutions issued these normative rules. These normative rules contain much information, which is relevant for many historical sub-disciplines (see figure 1a); but more so, these rules are an underestimated connector in history. As such, I would like to develop an ontology that could be used by multiple fields of research. In this developmental phase, I have not decided on the LOD-tool yet.
Clustering and Halo Abundances in Early Dark Energy Cosmological Models
Creators: name: Klypin, Anatoly
name: Poulin, Vivian
name: Prada, Francisco
name: Primack, Joel
name: Kamionkowski, Marc
name: Avila-Reese, Vladimir
name: Rodriguez-Puebla, Aldo
name: Behroozi, Peter
name: Hellinger, Doug
name: Smith, Tristan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LCDM cosmological models with Early Dark Energy (EDE) have been proposed to resolve tensions between the Hubble constant H0 = 100h km/s/Mpc measured locally, giving h ~ 0.73, and H0 deduced from Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) and other early universe measurements plus LCDM, giving h ~ 0.67. EDE models do this by adding a scalar field that temporarily adds dark energy equal to about 10% of the cosmological energy density at the end of the radiation-dominated era at redshift z ~ 3500. Here we compare linear and nonlinear predictions of a Planck-normalized LCDM model including EDE giving h = 0.728 with those of standard Planck-normalized LCDM with h = 0.678. We find that nonlinear evolution reduces the differences between power spectra of fluctuations at low redshifts. As a result, at z = 0 the halo mass functions on galactic scales are nearly the same, with differences only 1-2%. However, the differences dramatically increase at high redshifts. The EDE model predicts 50% more massive clusters at z = 1 and twice more galaxy-mass halos at z = 4. Even greater increases in abundances of galaxy-mass halos at higher redshifts may make it easier to reionize the universe with EDE. Predicted galaxy abundances and clustering will soon be tested by JWST observations. Positions of baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAOs) and correlation functions differ by about 2% between the models -- an effect that is not washed out by nonlinearities. Both standard LCDM and the EDE model studied here agree well with presently available acoustic-scale observations, but DESI and Euclid measurements will provide stringent new tests.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS
The Transparency of the Universe Limited by Ly-alpha Clouds
Creators: name: Schild, Rudolph E.
name: Dekker, Marius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The brightnesses of supernovae are commonly understood to indicate that cosmological expansion is accelerating due to dark energy. However the entire discussion presumes a perfectly transparent universe because no effects of reddening associated with the interstellar extinction law are seen. We note that with two kinds of dark matter (baryonic and non-baryonic) strongly dominating the known mass of the universe, it is seriously premature to assume that these dark matter components have not reduced the transmission of the universe for cosmological sources. We show that the long-known $Lyman-α$ clouds, if nucleated by the population of baryonic dark matter primordial planetoids indicated by quasar microlensing, would act as spherical lenses and achromatically fade cosmologically distant sources. We attempt to estimate the amount of this cosmological fading, but ultimately the calculation is limited by lack of a satisfactory model for the tenuous outer parts of a primordial planetoid. We also consider the effects of such cosmological fading on the light of quasars.
description: 8-Page article submitted to Astronomical Jounal
Langues usuelles et liturgiques des melkites au XIII siècle
Creators: name: Cannuyer, Christian
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 70 (1986): Oriens christianus, Band 70
Multi-orbital charge density wave excitations and concomitant phonon anomalies in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$LaCuO$_{6+δ}$
Creators: name: Li, Jiemin
name: Nag, Abhishek
name: Pelliciari, Jonathan
name: Robarts, Hannah
name: Walters, Andrew
name: Garcia-Fernandez, Mirian
name: Eisaki, Hiroshi
name: Song, Dongjoon
name: Ding, Hong
name: Johnston, Steven
name: Comin, Riccardo
name: Zhou, Ke-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge density waves (CDWs) are ubiquitous in under-doped cuprate superconductors. As a modulation of the valence electron density, CDWs in hole-doped cuprates possess both Cu-3d and O-2p orbital character owing to the strong hybridization of these orbitals near the Fermi level. Here, we investigate under-doped Bi$_2$Sr$_{1.4}$La$_{0.6}$CuO$_{6+δ}$ using resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) and find that a short-range CDW exists at both Cu and O sublattices in the copper-oxide (CuO2) planes with a comparable periodicity and correlation length. Furthermore, we uncover bond-stretching and bond-buckling phonon anomalies concomitant to the CDWs. Comparing to slightly over-doped Bi$_2$Sr$_{1.8}$La$_{0.2}$CuO$_{6+δ}$, where neither CDWs nor phonon anomalies appear, we highlight that a sharp intensity anomaly is induced in the proximity of the CDW wavevector (QCDW) for the bond-buckling phonon, in concert with the diffused intensity enhancement of the bond-stretching phonon at wavevectors much greater than QCDW. Our results provide a comprehensive picture of the quasi-static CDWs, their dispersive excitations, and associated electron-phonon anomalies, which are key for understanding the competing electronic instabilities in cuprates.
description: 25 pages + Supplementary Information. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, (2020)
Power-law scaling in dimension-to-biomass relationship of fish schools
Creators: name: Niwa, Hiro-Sato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the finding that there is some biological universality in the relationship between school geometry and school biomass of various pelagic fishes in various conditions, I here establish a scaling law for school dimensions: the school diameter increases as a power-law function of school biomass. The power-law exponent is extracted through the data collapse, and is close to 3/5. This value of the exponent implies that the mean packing density decreases as the school biomass increases, and the packing structure displays a mass-fractal dimension of 5/3. By exploiting an analogy between school geometry and polymer chain statistics, I examine the behavioral algorithm governing the swollen conformation of large-sized schools of pelagics, and I explain the value of the exponent.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, to appear in J. Theor. Biol
Galactic Winds
Creators: name: Veilleux, S.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic winds are the primary mechanism by which energy and metals are recycled in galaxies and are deposited into the intergalactic medium. New observations are revealing the ubiquity of this process, particularly at high redshift. We describe the physics behind these winds, discuss the observational evidence for them in nearby star-forming and active galaxies and in the high-redshift universe, and consider the implications of energetic winds for the formation and evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. To inspire future research, we conclude with a set of observational and theoretical challenges.
description: Paper to be published in 2005 Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics; revision based on comments from readers and production editor. Figure 1 was replaced to show the proper density scale. A PDF file combining both text and figures is available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~veilleux/pubs/araa.pdf
Statistical Physics of Fracture Surfaces Morphology
Creators: name: Bouchbinder, Eran
name: Procaccia, Itamar
name: Sela, Shani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments on fracture surface morphologies offer increasing amounts of data that can be analyzed using methods of statistical physics. One finds scaling exponents associated with correlation and structure functions, indicating a rich phenomenology of anomalous scaling. We argue that traditional models of fracture fail to reproduce this rich phenomenology and new ideas and concepts are called for. We present some recent models that introduce the effects of deviations from homogeneous linear elasticity theory on the morphology of fracture surfaces, succeeding to reproduce the multiscaling phenomenology at least in 1+1 dimensions. For surfaces in 2+1 dimensions we introduce novel methods of analysis based on projecting the data on the irreducible representations of the SO(2) symmetry group. It appears that this approach organizes effectively the rich scaling properties. We end up with the proposition of new experiments in which the rotational symmetry is not broken, such that the scaling properties should be particularly simple.
description: A review paper submitted to J. Stat. Phys
Classical Effects of Laser Pulse Duration on Strong-field Double Ionization
Creators: name: Ho, Phay J.
name: Eberly, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use classical electron ensembles and the aligned-electron approximation to examine the effect of laser pulse duration on the dynamics of strong-field double ionization. We cover the range of intensities $10^{14}-10^{16} W/cm^2$ for the laser wavelength 780 nm. The classical scenario suggests that the highest rate of recollision occurs early in the pulse and promotes double ionization production in few-cycle pulses. In addition, the purely classical ensemble calculation predicts an exponentially decreasing recollision rate with each subsequent half cycle. We confirm the exponential behavior by trajectory back-analysis.
DOWN MARKET EFFECTS IN BEEF COW-CALF HERDS
Creators: name: Ott, Stephen L.
name: Ott, Stephen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: NAHMS
subject: beef
subject: cattle
subject: cow-calf
subject: epidemiology
subject: economics
subject: marketing
subject: management
subject: vaccinations
subject: medications
subject: veterinarians
subject: culling

description: In 1995 and 1996, prices for weaned calves were at the lowest point for the current cattle market cycle. The National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Beef ,97 Study examined the effects of the down market on beef cow-calf herd management practices. Most producers did not alter management practices in response to the down market. Among producers who made changes, costs were cut largely in the area of herd health management. Specific management practices in which costs were cut included decreases in use of vaccinations (7.4% of operations), herd medications (7.7% of operations), individual cow medications (5.0% of operations), and veterinary services (14.1% of operations). Other ways that producers altered management practices in response to the down market included increased culling of cows (20.9% of operations) and increased retention of more calves into other segments of the beef industry (17.5%). While health management costs are simple to reduce in the short term, the effects may include a decrease in future production resulting from an increase in infectious diseases as well as increased costs associated with treating sick animals. One way to reduce costs without risking herd health is the careful analysis of herd nutrition to determine whether there are areas that can be reduced. Contact for this paper: Stephen Ott
Additional file 4 of Sensory stimulation in the treatment of children with sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder: a feasibility and acceptability study
Creators: name: Sluijs, Rachel M. Van
name: Wilhelm, Elisabeth
name: Rondei, Quincy J.
name: Jäger, Lukas
name: Gall, Markus
name: Garn, Heinrich
name: Achermann, Peter
name: Jenni, Oskar G.
name: Riener, Robert
name: Hill, Catherine M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Supplemental information document 4. Pediatric visual rating scales for comfort and sleepiness.
Additional file 1 of Facilitating factors and barriers to accessibility and utilization of kangaroo mother care service among parents of low birth weight infants in Mangochi District, Malawi: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Mathias, Christina T.
name: Mianda, Solange
name: Themba G. Ginindza
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) Guide: Parents of Low Birth Weight Infants (LBWIs).
Large Tunable Anomalous Hall Effect in the Kagom$\acute{e}$ Antiferromagnet U$_3$Ru$_4$Al$_{12}$
Creators: name: Asaba, T.
name: Su, Ying
name: Janoschek, M.
name: Thompson, J. D.
name: Thomas, S. M.
name: Bauer, E. D.
name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
name: Ronning, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Berry curvature in magnetic systems is attracting interest due to the potential tunability of topological features via the magnetic structure. $f$-electrons, with their large spin-orbit coupling, abundance of non-collinear magnetic structures and high electronic tunability, are attractive candidates to search for tunable topological properties. In this study, we measure anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the distorted kagom$\acute{e}$ heavy fermion antiferromagnet U$_3$Ru$_4$Al$_{12}$. A large intrinsic AHE in high fields reveals the presence of a large Berry curvature. Moreover, the fields required to obtain the large Berry curvature are significantly different between $B \parallel a$ and $B \parallel a^*$, providing a mechanism to control the topological response in this system. Theoretical calculations illustrate that this sensitivity may be due to the heavy fermion character of the electronic structure. These results shed light on the Berry curvature of a strongly correlated band structure in magnetically frustrated heavy fermion materials, but also emphasize 5$f$-electrons as an ideal playground for studying field-tuned topological states.
Shell-model Hamiltonians from Density Functional Theory
Creators: name: Alhassid, Y.
name: Bertsch, G. F.
name: Fang, L.
name: Sabbey, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density functional theory of nuclear structure provides a many-particle wave function that is useful for static properties, but an extension of the theory is necessary to describe correlation effects or other dynamic properties. Here we propose a procedure to extend the theory by mapping the properties of the self-consistent mean-field Hamiltonian onto an effective shell-model Hamiltonian with two-body interactions. In this initial study, we consider the sd-shell nuclei Ne-20, Mg-24, Si-28, and Ar-36. Our first application is in the framework of the USD shell-model Hamiltonian, using its mean-field approximation to construct an effective Hamiltonian and partially recover correlation effects. We find that more than half of the correlation energy is due to the quadrupole interaction. We then follow a similar procedure but using the SLy4 Skyrme energy functional as our starting point and truncating the space to the spherical $sd$ shell. The constructed shell-model Hamiltonian is found to satisfy minimal consistency requirements to reproduce the properties of the mean-field solution. The quadrupolar correlation energies computed with the mapped Hamiltonian are reasonable compared with those computed by other methods.
description: 14 pages and 10 figures