cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
LightSword: A Customized Virtual Reality Exergame for Long-Term Cognitive Inhibition Training in Older Adults
Creators: name: Du, Qiuxin
name: Song, Zhen
name: Jiang, Haiyan
name: Wei, Xiaoying
name: Weng, Dongdong
name: Fan, Mingming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The decline of cognitive inhibition significantly impacts older adults' quality of life and well-being, making it a vital public health problem in today's aging society. Previous research has demonstrated that Virtual reality (VR) exergames have great potential to enhance cognitive inhibition among older adults. However, existing commercial VR exergames were unsuitable for older adults' long-term cognitive training due to the inappropriate cognitive activation paradigm, unnecessary complexity, and unbefitting difficulty levels. To bridge these gaps, we developed a customized VR cognitive training exergame (LightSword) based on Dual-task and Stroop paradigms for long-term cognitive inhibition training among healthy older adults. Subsequently, we conducted an eight-month longitudinal user study with 12 older adults aged 60 years and above to demonstrate the effectiveness of LightSword in improving cognitive inhibition. After the training, the cognitive inhibition abilities of older adults were significantly enhanced, with benefits persisting for 6 months. This result indicated that LightSword has both short-term and long-term effects in enhancing cognitive inhibition. Furthermore, qualitative feedback revealed that older adults exhibited a positive attitude toward long-term training with LightSword, which enhanced their motivation and compliance.
description: 23 pages
The topologically twisted index of $\mathcal N=4$ super-Yang-Mills on $T^2\times S^2$ and the elliptic genus
Creators: name: Hong, Junho
name: Liu, James T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the topologically twisted index of $\mathcal N=4$ super-Yang-Mills with gauge group $SU(N)$ on $T^2\times S^2$, and demonstrate that it receives contributions from multiple sectors corresponding to the freely acting orbifolds $T^2/\mathbb Z_m\times\mathbb Z_n$ where $N=mn$. After summing over these sectors, the index can be expressed as the elliptic genus of a two-dimensional $\mathcal N=(0,2)$ theory resulting from Kaluza-Klein reduction on $S^2$. This provides an alternate path to the 'high-temperature' limit of the index, and confirms the connection to the right-moving central charge of the $\mathcal N=(0,2)$ theory.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure; v2: restricted to real chemical potentials in section 4 and added a comment on the index where $c_r(\mathfrak n_a)<0$ in section 5
The Near-Infrared Structure and Spectra of the Bipolar Nebulae M 2--9 and Afgl 2688: The Role of UV-Pumping and Shocks in Molecular Hydrogen Excitation
Creators: name: Hora, Joseph L.
name: Latter, William B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution near-infrared images and moderate resolution spectra were obtained of the bipolar nebulae M~2--9 and AFGL 2688. The ability to spatially and spectrally resolve the various components of the nebulae has proved to be important in determining their physical structure and characteristics. In M~2--9, the lobes are found to have a double-shell structure. Analysis of \h2\ line ratios indicates that the \h2\ emission is radiatively excited. A well-resolved photodissociation region is observed in the lobes. The spectrum of the central source is dominated by H recombination lines and a strong continuum rising towards longer wavelengths consistent with a $T = 795$ K blackbody. In AFGL 2688, the emission from the bright lobes is mainly continuum reflected from the central star. Several molecular features from C$_2$ and CN are present. In the extreme end of the N lobe and in the E equatorial region, the emission is dominated by lines of \h2 in the 2--2.5 \microns region. The observed \h2 line ratios indicate that the emission is collisionally excited, with an excitation temperature $T_{ex} \approx 1600\pm 100$ K.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures,uuencoded compressed postscript, printed version available by request from hora@galileo.ifa.hawaii.edu, IfA-94/38
An Analytic Model for Nano Confined Fluids Phase-Transition (Applications for Confined Fluids in Nanotube and Nanoslit)
Creators: name: Keshavarzi, T.
name: Sohrabi, R.
name: Mansoori, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this report, an analytic model to predict phase transitions of confined fluids in nano systems is presented and it is used to predict the behavior of the confined fluid in nanotubes and nanoslits. In our approach besides including a third degree of freedom due to wall effect to define the state of the system, the tensorial character for pressure is considered. Using the perturbation theory of statistical mechanics it is shown that the van der Waals equation of state is equally valid for small as well as large systems. The model proposed is shown to predict the liquid-vapor phase transition as well as the critical point in any size confined fluid systems. It is also shown that the critical temperature increases with the size of the nano system and finally it reaches the macroscopic critical temperature value as the diameter of the nanotube (or width of the nanoslit) approaches infinity. The proposed model can also demonstrate the existence of the local density and phase fragmentations during phase transitions in a confined nano system.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures
Nonequilibrium Dynamics and Aging in the Three--Dimensional Ising Spin Glass Model
Creators: name: Rieger, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low temperature dynamics of the three dimensional Ising spin glass in zero field with a discrete bond distribution is investigated via MC simulations. The thermoremanent magnetization is found to decay algebraically and the temperature dependent exponents agree very well with the experimentally determined values. The nonequilibrium autocorrelation function $C(t,t_w)$ shows a crossover at the waiting (or {\em aging}) time $t_w$ from algebraic {\em quasi-equilibrium} decay for times $t$$\ll$$t_w$ to another, faster algebraic decay for $t$$\gg$$t_w$ with an exponent similar to one for the remanent magnetization.
description: Revtex, 11 pages + 4 figures (included as Latex-files)
Additional file 7: of Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark: an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis
Creators: name: JosĂŠ Aburto
name: Wensink, Maarten
name: Raalte, Alyson Van
name: Lindahl-Jacobsen, Rune
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S6. Age and cause-decomposition of the difference in the standard deviation between Denmark and Sweden 2014. (PDF 46 kb)
Dynamical Phase Transitions In Driven Integrate-And-Fire Neurons
Creators: name: Engelbrecht, Jan R.
name: Mirollo, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We explore the dynamics of an integrate-and-fire neuron with an oscillatory stimulus. The frustration due to the competition between the neuron's natural firing period and that of the oscillatory rhythm, leads to a rich structure of asymptotic phase locking patterns and ordering dynamics. The phase transitions between these states can be classified as either tangent or discontinuous bifurcations, each with its own characteristic scaling laws. The discontinuous bifurcations exhibit a new kind of phase transition that may be viewed as intermediate between continuous and first order, while tangent bifurcations behave like continuous transitions with a diverging coherence scale.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Elasto-plastic description of brittle failure in amorphous materials
Creators: name: Popović, Marko
name: de Geus, Tom W. J.
name: Wyart, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of amorphous materials to an applied strain can be continuous, or instead display a macroscopic stress drop when a shear band nucleates. Such discontinuous response can be observed if the initial configuration is very stable. We study theoretically how such brittleness emerges in athermal, quasi-statically driven, materials as their initial stability is increased. We show that this emergence is well reproduced by elasto-plastic models and is predicted by a mean field approximation, where it corresponds to a continuous transition. In mean field, failure can be forecasted from the avalanche statistics. We show that this is not the case for very brittle materials in finite dimensions due to rare weak regions where a shear band nucleates. Their critical radius is predicted to follow $a_c\sim (Σ-Σ_b)^{-2}$, where $Σ$ is the stress and $Σ_b$ the stress a shear band can carry.
Thermodynamics of energy, charge and spin currents in thermoelectric quantum-dot spin valve
Creators: name: Tang, Gaomin
name: Thingna, Juzar
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a thermodynamically consistent description of energy, charge and spin transfers in a thermoelectric quantum-dot spin valve in the collinear configuration based on nonequilibrium Green's function and full counting statistics. We use the fluctuation theorem symmetry and the concept of entropy production to characterize the efficiency with which thermal gradients can transduce charges or spins against their chemical potentials, arbitrary far from equilibrium. Close to equilibrium, we recover the Onsager reciprocal relations and the connection to linear response notions of performance such as the figure of merit. We also identify regimes where work extraction is more efficient far then close from equilibrium.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures; accepted in Phys. Rev. B
Periods and Feynman integrals
Creators: name: Bogner, Christian
name: Weinzierl, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider multi-loop integrals in dimensional regularisation and the corresponding Laurent series. We study the integral in the Euclidean region and where all ratios of invariants and masses have rational values. We prove that in this case all coefficients of the Laurent series are periods.
description: 22 pages, appendix added, version to be published
Additional file 2: of Article 2: Longitudinal study assessing the one-year effects of supervision performance assessment and recognition strategy (SPARS) to improve medicines management in Uganda health facilities
Creators: name: Trap, Birna
name: Musoke, Richard
name: Kirunda, Anthony
name: Oteba, Martin
name: Embrey, Martha
name: Ross-Degnan, Dennis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Factors significant associated with attaining an adequate score. (DOCX 21Â kb)
Inverse Hierarchy Approach to Fermion Masses
Creators: name: Berezhiani, Z. G.
name: Rattazzi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first fermion family might play a special role in understanding the physics of flavour. This possibility is suggested by the observation that the up-down splitting within quark families increases with the family number: $ m_u\sim m_d$, $m_c>m_s$, $m_t\gg m_b$. We construct a model that realizes this feature of the spectrum in a natural way. The inter-family hierarchy is first generated by radiative phenomena in a sector of heavy isosinglet fermions and then transferred to quarks by means of a universal seesaw. A crucial role is played by left-right parity and up-down isotopic symmetry. No family symmetry is introduced. The model implies $m_u/m_d>$ 0.5 and the Cabibbo angle is forced to be $\sim\sqrt{m_d/m_s}$. The top quark is naturally in the 100 GeV range, but not too heavy: $m_t
description: 19 pages (standard TeX) + 1 table (cut out and LaTeX separately) + 1 figure (cut out and postscript separately); 2 additional figures available by fax upon request, LBL-32889, LMU-13/92
Homogeneous Analysis of the Dust Morphology of Transition Disks Observed with ALMA: Investigating dust trapping and the origin of the cavities
Creators: name: Pinilla, P.
name: Tazzari, M.
name: Pascucci, I.
name: Youdin, A. N.
name: Garufi, A.
name: Manara, C. F.
name: Testi, L.
name: van der Plas, G.
name: Barenfeld, S. A.
name: Canovas, H.
name: Cox, E. G.
name: Hendler, N. P.
name: Pérez, L. M.
name: van der Marel, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dust morphology of 29 transition disks (TDs) observed with ALMA at (sub-) millimeter-emission. We perform the analysis in the visibility plane to characterize the total flux, cavity size, and shape of the ring-like structure. First, we found that the $M_{\rm{dust}}-M_\star$ relation is much flatter for TDs than the observed trends from samples of class II sources in different star forming regions. This relation demonstrates that cavities open in high (dust) mass disks, independent of the stellar mass. The flatness of this relation contradicts the idea that TDs are a more evolved set of disks. Two potential reasons (not mutually exclusive) may explain this flat relation: the emission is optically thick or/and millimeter-sized particles are trapped in a pressure bump. Second, we discuss our results of the cavity size and ring width in the context of different physical processes for cavity formation. Photoevaporation is an unlikely leading mechanism for the origin of the cavity of any of the targets in the sample. Embedded giant planets or dead zones remain as potential explanations. Although both models predict correlations between the cavity size and the ring shape for different stellar and disk properties, we demonstrate that with the current resolution of the observations, it is difficult to obtain these correlations. Future observations with higher angular resolution observations of TDs with ALMA will help to discern between different potential origins of cavities in TDs.
description: Minor changes after language edition. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1: of Efficient undergraduate learning of liver transplant: building a framework for teaching subspecialties to medical students
Creators: name: Cheng-Maw Ho
name: Jann-Yuan Wang
name: Chi-Chuan Yeh
name: Wu, Yao-Ming
name: Ming-Chih Ho
name: Rey-Heng Hu
name: Po-Huang Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Feedback questionnaire form after class of liver transplantation. (DOCX 17 kb)
Integrable time-dependent Hamiltonians, solvable Landau-Zener models and Gaudin magnets
Creators: name: Yuzbashyan, Emil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the non-stationary Schrodinger equation for several time-dependent Hamiltonians, such as the BCS Hamiltonian with an interaction strength inversely proportional to time, periodically driven BCS and linearly driven inhomogeneous Dicke models as well as various multi-level Landau-Zener tunneling models. The latter are Demkov-Osherov, bow-tie, and generalized bow-tie models. We show that these Landau-Zener problems and their certain interacting many-body generalizations map to Gaudin magnets in a magnetic field. Moreover, we demonstrate that the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for the above models has a similar structure and is integrable with a similar technique as Knizhnikov-Zamolodchikov equations. We also discuss applications of our results to the problem of molecular production in an atomic Fermi gas swept through a Feshbach resonance and to the evaluation of the Landau-Zener transition probabilities.
description: 29 pages, references added
Line Broadening in Field Metal-poor Red Giant and Red Horizontal Branch Stars
Creators: name: Carney, Bruce W.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Stefanik, R. P.
name: Laird, John B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 349 radial velocities for 45 metal-poor field red giant and red horizontal branch stars. We have have identified one new spectroscopic binary, HD 4306, and one possible such system, HD 184711. We also report 57 radial velocities for 11 of the 91 stars reported on previously by Carney et al. (2003). As was found in the previous study, radial velocity "jitter" is present in many of the most luminous stars. Excluding stars showing spectroscopic binary orbital motion, all 7 of the red giants with M(V) <= -2.0 display jitter, as well as 3 of the 14 stars with -2.0 <= M(V) <= -1.4. We have also measured line broadening in all of the new spectra, using synthetic spectra as templates. The most luminous red giants show significant line broadening, as do many of the red horizontal branch stars, and we discuss briefly possible causes.
description: To appear in the Astronomical Journal
Characteristics of Beef Cattle Feedlots: California, Colorado, Western Corn Belt
Creators: name: Burke, Ronnie L.
name: Burke, Ronnie L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: Since World War II, the cattle feeding industry has grown rapidly and the number of feedlots and number of cattle marketed through feedlots have increased greatly. Traditionally, the Corn Belt has been the center of cattle feeding, but, in recent years, the industry has expanded more in the western and southwestern regions, thus decreasing the importance of the central area. Accompanying this growth have been changes in several dimensions of feeding operations. Large commercial feedlots have come into existence. Farmer feeding operations have expanded. Feedlots have become integrated both vertically and horizontally. Custom feeding has been important in the growth of the feeding industry, especially in the West. Farmer feeding has remained centered in the central part of the United States with an increase in number of feedlots and cattle fed. The basic objective of this report is to describe characteristics of cattle feeding operations in three major cattle feeding regions in the United States during the study period of July 1, 1966, to June 30, 1967. The three regions were chosen because their feeding operations are generally regarded as being considerably different from each other. Emphasis is placed on organization for feedlot operations and feeding and marketing which includes procurement and selling practices.
Cooperative Relaying with State Available at the Relay
Creators: name: Zaidi, Abdellatif
name: Kotagiri, Shivaprasad
name: Laneman, J. Nicholas
name: Vandendorpe, Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a state-dependent full-duplex relay channel with the state of the channel non-causally available at only the relay. In the framework of cooperative wireless networks, some specific terminals can be equipped with cognition capabilities, i.e, the relay in our model. In the discrete memoryless (DM) case, we derive lower and upper bounds on channel capacity. The lower bound is obtained by a coding scheme at the relay that consists in a combination of codeword splitting, Gel'fand-Pinsker binning, and a decode-and-forward scheme. The upper bound is better than that obtained by assuming that the channel state is available at the source and the destination as well. For the Gaussian case, we also derive lower and upper bounds on channel capacity. The lower bound is obtained by a coding scheme which is based on a combination of codeword splitting and Generalized dirty paper coding. The upper bound is also better than that obtained by assuming that the channel state is available at the source, the relay, and the destination. The two bounds meet, and so give the capacity, in some special cases for the degraded Gaussian case.
description: Corrected typos and added references w.r.t. the first version. Paper also published in proc. of IEEE Information Theory Workshop 2008 (6 pages, 3 figures)
Quantum Mechanics and modelling of physical reality
Creators: name: Kupczynski, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics led to spectacular technological developments, discovery of new constituents of matter and new materials. However there is still no consensus on its interpretation and limitations. Some scientists and scientific writers promote some exotic interpretations and evoke quantum magic. In this paper we point out that magical explanations mean the end of the science. Magical explanations are misleading and counterproductive. We explain how a simple probabilistic locally causal model is able to reproduce quantum correlations in Bell tests. We also discuss difficulties of mathematical modelling of the physical reality and dangers of incorrect mental images. We examine in detail when and how a probabilistic model may describe completely a random experiment. We give some arguments in favor of contextual statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics. We conclude that we still do not know whether the quantum theory provides a complete description of physical phenomena and we explain how it may be tested. We also point out that there remain several open questions and challenges which we discuss in some detail. In particular there is still no consensus about how to reconcile quantum theory with general relativity and cosmology.
description: 13 pages,90 references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:quant-ph/0208061, in this a second version I added 3 references, corrected some misprints and make some minor style improvements
Spectrum of a spin chain with inverse square exchange
Creators: name: Frahm, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of a one-dimensional chain of $SU(n)$ spins positioned at the static equilibrium positions of the particles in a corresponding classical Calogero system with an exchange interaction inversely proportional to the square of their distance is studied. As in the translationally invariant Haldane--Shastry model the spectrum is found to exhibit a very simple structure containing highly degenerate ``super-multiplets''. The algebra underlying this structure is identified and several sets of raising and lowering operators are given explicitely. On the basis of this algebra and numerical studies we give the complete spectrum and thermodynamics of the $SU(2)$ system.
description: 9 pages, latex
Heavy Quarks and Leptons at $e^+e^-$ Colliders
Creators: name: Ballestrero, A.
name: Maina, E.
name: Moretti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of massive quarks and leptons in $e^+e^-$ collisions is studied using exact helicity amplitudes. Total cross sections as a function of $y_{\rm cut}$, in both the JADE and the $k_T$ algorithms, are presented and compared with massless results. Some invariant mass distributions are examined in relation to Higgs detection. Compact expressions for the helicity amplitudes are given.
description: 32 Pages (20 Figs available from the authors in Postscript or via Fax ), Plain Tex, DFTT 53/92
Additional file 2: of Cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends in Trinidad and Tobago
Creators: name: Warner, Wayne
name: Lee, Tammy
name: Badal, Kimberly
name: Williams, Tanisha
name: Bajracharya, Smriti
name: Vasavi Sundaram
name: Bascombe, Nigel
name: Maharaj, Ravi
name: Lamont-Greene, Marjorie
name: Roach, Allana
name: Bondy, Melissa
name: Ellis, Matthew
name: Rebbeck, Timothy
name: Slovacek, Simeon
name: Jingqin Luo
name: Adetunji Toriola
name: Adana Llanos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S2. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for two of the ten leading cancer sites by sex, and ancestry, for persons less than 24Â years old, Trinidad and Tobago, 1995â 2009. (DOCX 15 kb)
The Rise of Refractory Transition-Metal Nitride Films for Advanced Electronics and Plasmonics
Creators: name: Bi, Jiachang
name: Zhang, Ruyi
name: Yao, Xiong
name: Cao, Yanwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advancement of semiconductor materials has played a crucial role in the development of electronic and optical devices. However, scaling down semiconductor devices to the nanoscale has imposed limitations on device properties due to quantum effects. Hence, the search for successor materials has become a central focus in the fields of materials science and physics. Transition-metal nitrides (TMNs) are extraordinary materials known for their outstanding stability, biocompatibility, and ability to integrate with semiconductors. Over the past few decades, TMNs have been extensively employed in various fields. However, the synthesis of single-crystal TMNs has long been challenging, hindering the advancement of their high-performance electronics and plasmonics. Fortunately, progress in film deposition techniques has enabled the successful epitaxial growth of high-quality TMN films. In comparison to reported reviews, there is a scarcity of reviews on epitaxial TMN films from the perspective of materials physics and condensed matter physics, particularly at the atomic level. Therefore, this review aims to provide a brief summary of recent progress in epitaxial growth at atomic precision, emergent physical properties (superconductivity, magnetism, ferroelectricity, and plasmon), and advanced electronic and plasmonic devices associated with epitaxial TMN films.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures
Quark scattering amplitudes at strong coupling
Creators: name: McGreevy, John
name: Sever, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following Alday and Maldacena, we describe a string theory method to compute the strong coupling behavior of the scattering amplitudes of quarks and gluons in planar N=2 super Yang-Mills theory in the probe approximation. Explicit predictions for these quantities can be constructed using the all-orders planar gluon scattering amplitudes of N=4 super Yang-Mills due to Bern, Dixon and Smirnov.
description: 38 pages, 14 figures. v2: referencing improved, small clarification in \S3; v3: references added
Elastic Theory of pinned flux lattices
Creators: name: Giamarchi, T.
name: Doussal, P. Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pinning of flux lattices by weak impurity disorder is studied in the absence of free dislocations using both the gaussian variational method and, to $O(ε=4-d)$, the functional renormalization group. We find universal logarithmic growth of displacements for $2
description: 12 pages, Revtex 3.0
Blockchain: Data Malls, Coin Economies and Keyless Payments
Creators: name: Kakushadze, Zura
name: Russo, Ronald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We discuss several uses of blockchain (and, more generally, distributed ledger) technologies outside of cryptocurrencies with a pragmatic view. We mostly focus on three areas: the role of coin economies for what we refer to as data malls (specialized data marketplaces); data provenance (a historical record of data and its origins); and what we term keyless payments (made without having to know other users' cryptographic keys). We also discuss voting and other areas, and give a sizable list of academic and nonacademic references.
description: 32 pages; a few trivial typos corrected; to appear in The Journal of Alternative Investments
Near-Field Nanoprobing Using Si Tip-Au Nanoparticle Photoinduced Force Microscopy with 120:1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Sub-6-nm Resolution
Creators: name: Rajaei, Mohsen
name: Almajhadi, Mohammad Ali
name: Zeng, Jinwei
name: Wickramasinghe, H. Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nanoscopy technique that can characterize light-matter interactions with ever increasing spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is desired for spectroscopy at molecular levels. Photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) with Au-coated probe-tips has been demonstrated as an excellent solution for this purpose. However, its accuracy is limited by the asymmetric shape of the Au-coated tip resulting in tip-induced anisotropy. To overcome such deficiencies, we propose a Si tip-Au nanoparticle (NP) combination in PiFM. We map the near-field distribution of the Au NPs in various arrangements with an unprecedented SNR of up to 120, a more than 10-fold improvement compared to conventional optical near-field techniques, and a spatial resolution down to 5.8 nm, smaller than 1/100 of the wavelength, even surpassing the tip-curvature limitation. We also map the beam profile of an azimuthally polarized beam (APB) with an excellent symmetry. The proposed approach can lead to the promising single molecule spectroscopy.
Additional file 1: of Maternal diet during pregnancy is related with the infant stool microbiome in a delivery mode-dependent manner
Creators: name: Lundgren, Sara
name: Madan, Juliette
name: Emond, Jennifer
name: Morrison, Hilary
name: Christensen, Brock
name: Karagas, Margaret
name: Hoen, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Contains supplemental tables (Tables S1â S16) and figures (Figures S1â S7). (PDF 3429 kb)
Effective action, magnetic excitations and quantum fluctuations in lightly doped single layer cuprates
Creators: name: Milstein, Alexander I.
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the extended 2D $t-t'-t''-J$ model at zero temperature. Parameters of the model corresponds to doping by holes. Using the low doping effective action we demonstrate that the system can 1) preserve the long range collinear antiferromagnetic order, 2) lead to a spin spiral state (static or dynamic), 3) lead to the phase separation instability. We show that at parameters of the effective action corresponding to the single layer cuprate La$_{2-x}$Sr$_x$CuO$_4$ the spin spiral ground state is realized. We derive properties of magnetic excitations and calculate quantum fluctuations. Quantum fluctuations destroy the static spin spiral at the critical doping $x_c\approx 0.11$. This is the point of the quantum phase transition to the spin-liquid state (dynamic spin spiral). The state is still double degenerate with respect to the direction of the dynamic spiral, so this is a ``directional nematic''. The superconducting pairing exists throughout the phase diagram and is not sensitive to the quantum phase transition. We also compare the calculated neutron scattering spectra with experimental data.
description: 12 pages, 7 Figs
Formalising the Slow-Roll Approximation in Inflation
Creators: name: Liddle, Andrew R.
name: Parsons, Paul
name: Barrow, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The meaning of the inflationary slow-roll approximation is formalised. Comparisons are made between an approach based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equations, governing the evolution of the Hubble parameter, and the usual scenario based on the evolution of the potential energy density. The vital role of the inflationary attractor solution is emphasised, and some of its properties described. We propose a new measure of inflation, based upon contraction of the comoving Hubble length as opposed to the usual e-foldings of physical expansion, and derive relevant formulae. We introduce an infinite hierarchy of slow-roll parameters, and show that only a finite number of them are required to produce results to a given order. The extension of the slow-roll approximation into an analytic slow-roll expansion, converging on the exact solution, is provided. Its role in calculations of inflationary dynamics is discussed. We explore rational-approximants as a method of extending the range of convergence of the slow-roll expansion up to, and beyond, the end of inflation.
description: standard LaTeX (20 pages) with two postscipt figures appended
How Culture Shapes What People Want From AI
Creators: name: Ge, Xiao
name: Xu, Chunchen
name: Misaki, Daigo
name: Markus, Hazel Rose
name: Tsai, Jeanne L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There is an urgent need to incorporate the perspectives of culturally diverse groups into AI developments. We present a novel conceptual framework for research that aims to expand, reimagine, and reground mainstream visions of AI using independent and interdependent cultural models of the self and the environment. Two survey studies support this framework and provide preliminary evidence that people apply their cultural models when imagining their ideal AI. Compared with European American respondents, Chinese respondents viewed it as less important to control AI and more important to connect with AI, and were more likely to prefer AI with capacities to influence. Reflecting both cultural models, findings from African American respondents resembled both European American and Chinese respondents. We discuss study limitations and future directions and highlight the need to develop culturally responsive and relevant AI to serve a broader segment of the world population.
description: To appear at CHI 2024
Additional file 6: of Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark: an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis
Creators: name: JosĂŠ Aburto
name: Wensink, Maarten
name: Raalte, Alyson Van
name: Lindahl-Jacobsen, Rune
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S5. Age and cause-decomposition of the change in the standard deviation over time for Danish males. Note: the age zero is truncated for visualization purposes. (PDF 9 kb)
On the nature of the electroweak phase transition
Creators: name: Espinosa, J. R.
name: Quiros, M.
name: Zwirner, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the finite-temperature effective potential of the Standard Model, $\veff$, with emphasis on the resummation of the most important infrared contributions. We compute the one-loop scalar and vector boson self-energies in the zero-momentum limit. By solving the corresponding set of gap equations, with the inclusion of subleading contributions, we find a non-vanishing magnetic mass for the $SU(2)$ gauge bosons. We comment on its possible implications for the nature of the electroweak phase transition. We also discuss the range of validity of our approximations and compare this with other approaches.
description: 13 pages, latex, 2 postscript figures appended at the end, CERN-TH.6577/92, IEM-FT-58/92
RLPeri: Accelerating Visual Perimetry Test with Reinforcement Learning and Convolutional Feature Extraction
Creators: name: Verma, Tanvi
name: Dinh, Linh Le
name: Tan, Nicholas
name: Xu, Xinxing
name: Cheng, Chingyu
name: Liu, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual perimetry is an important eye examination that helps detect vision problems caused by ocular or neurological conditions. During the test, a patient's gaze is fixed at a specific location while light stimuli of varying intensities are presented in central and peripheral vision. Based on the patient's responses to the stimuli, the visual field mapping and sensitivity are determined. However, maintaining high levels of concentration throughout the test can be challenging for patients, leading to increased examination times and decreased accuracy.
 In this work, we present RLPeri, a reinforcement learning-based approach to optimize visual perimetry testing. By determining the optimal sequence of locations and initial stimulus values, we aim to reduce the examination time without compromising accuracy. Additionally, we incorporate reward shaping techniques to further improve the testing performance. To monitor the patient's responses over time during testing, we represent the test's state as a pair of 3D matrices. We apply two different convolutional kernels to extract spatial features across locations as well as features across different stimulus values for each location. Through experiments, we demonstrate that our approach results in a 10-20% reduction in examination time while maintaining the accuracy as compared to state-of-the-art methods. With the presented approach, we aim to make visual perimetry testing more efficient and patient-friendly, while still providing accurate results.
description: Published at AAAI-24
Higman's PORC conjecture for a family of groups
Creators: name: Evseev, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20D15

description: We prove that the number of groups of order $p^n$ whose Frattini subgroup is central is for fixed $n$ a PORC (`polynomial on residue classes') function of $p$. This extends a result of G. Higman.
description: 17 pages
Beef Carcass Boning Lines -- Operations, Equipment, and Layouts
Creators: name: Brasington, Clayton F.
name: Hammons, Donald R.
name: Webb, Tarvin F.
name: Brasington, Clayton F.
name: Hammons, Donald R.
name: Webb, Tarvin F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: This study included plants located in the Southwest and Midwest. Detailed industrial engineering studies were made at nine selected boning lines, and 11 additional lines were visited to obtain background information. Fourteen of the boning lines studied were a part of individual slaughtering plant operations. Six were in separate boning houses that usually obtained carcasses for boning from several slaughterers. The objectives of this research on beef carcass boning lines were to compare the relative efficiency and operating costs for the table and conveyor systems, and to develop guidelines and efficient layouts for use by the meat industry in planning the optimum boning line for its needs.
GradAscent at EmoInt-2017: Character- and Word-Level Recurrent Neural Network Models for Tweet Emotion Intensity Detection
Creators: name: Lakomkin, Egor
name: Bothe, Chandrakant
name: Wermter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The WASSA 2017 EmoInt shared task has the goal to predict emotion intensity values of tweet messages. Given the text of a tweet and its emotion category (anger, joy, fear, and sadness), the participants were asked to build a system that assigns emotion intensity values. Emotion intensity estimation is a challenging problem given the short length of the tweets, the noisy structure of the text and the lack of annotated data. To solve this problem, we developed an ensemble of two neural models, processing input on the character. and word-level with a lexicon-driven system. The correlation scores across all four emotions are averaged to determine the bottom-line competition metric, and our system ranks place forth in full intensity range and third in 0.5-1 range of intensity among 23 systems at the time of writing (June 2017).
Superconductivity of the New Medium-Entropy Alloy V4Ti2W with a Body-Centered Cubic Structure
Creators: name: Li, Kuan
name: Lin, Weijie
name: Guo, Ruixin
name: Guo, Shu
name: Zeng, Lingyong
name: Li, Longfu
name: Yu, Peifeng
name: Wang, Kangwang
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Luo, Huixia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Medium- and high-entropy alloy (MEA and HEA) superconductors have attracted considerable interest since their discovery. This paper reports the superconducting properties of ternary tungsten-containing MEA V4Ti2W for the first time. V4Ti2W is a type II superconductor with a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. Experimental results of resistivity, magnetization, and heat capacity indicate that the superconducting transition temperature of the MEA V4Ti2W is roughly 5.0 K. The critical magnetic fields at the upper and lower ends are 9.93(2) T and 40.7(3) mT, respectively. Interestingly, few BCC MEA superconductors with VEC greater than 4.8 have been found. The addition of tungsten leads to a VEC of 4.83 e/a for V4Ti2W, which is rarely higher than the 4.8 value. Adding tungsten element expands the variety of MEA alloys, which may improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials and even superconducting properties. This material could potentially offer a new platform for the investigation of innovative MEA and HEA superconductors.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1: of Article 2: Longitudinal study assessing the one-year effects of supervision performance assessment and recognition strategy (SPARS) to improve medicines management in Uganda health facilities
Creators: name: Trap, Birna
name: Musoke, Richard
name: Kirunda, Anthony
name: Oteba, Martin
name: Embrey, Martha
name: Ross-Degnan, Dennis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Multivariable models showing factors significantly associated with average changes in domain scores by level of care. (PDF 431Â kb)
Additional file 5: of Potential gains in life expectancy by reducing inequality of lifespans in Denmark: an international comparison and cause-of-death analysis
Creators: name: JosĂŠ Aburto
name: Wensink, Maarten
name: Raalte, Alyson Van
name: Lindahl-Jacobsen, Rune
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Figure S4. Age and cause-decomposition of the change in the standard deviation over time for Danish females. Note: the age zero is truncated for visualization purposes. (PDF 9 kb)
Secluded WIMP Dark Matter
Creators: name: Pospelov, Maxim
name: Ritz, Adam
name: Voloshin, Mikhail B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a generic mechanism via which thermal relic WIMP dark matter may be decoupled from the Standard Model, namely through a combination of WIMP annihilation to metastable mediators with subsequent delayed decay to Standard Model states. We illustrate this with explicit examples of WIMPs connected to the Standard Model by metastable bosons or fermions. In all models, provided the WIMP mass is greater than that of the mediator, it can be secluded from the Standard Model with an extremely small elastic scattering cross-section on nuclei and rate for direct collider production. In contrast, indirect signatures from WIMP annihilation are consistent with a weak scale cross-section and provide potentially observable γ-ray signals. We also point out that γ-ray constraints and flavor physics impose severe restrictions on MeV-scale variants of secluded models, and identify limited classes that pass all the observational constraints.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Quasi-Particles, Conformal Field Theory, and $q$-Series
Creators: name: Dasmahapatra, S.
name: Kedem, R.
name: Klassen, T. R.
name: McCoy, B. M.
name: Melzer, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review recent results concerning the representation of conformal field theory characters in terms of fermionic quasi-particle excitations, and describe in detail their construction in the case of the integrable three-state Potts chain. These fermionic representations are $q$-series which are generalizations of the sums occurring in the Rogers-Ramanujan identities. (To appear in the proceedings of ``Yang-Baxter Equations in Paris'', July 1992, J.-M.~Maillard (ed.).)
description: 32/19 pages in harvmac, preprint ITP-SB-93-12/RU-93-07