cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum interest in two dimensions
Creators: name: Teo, Edward
name: Wong, K. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum interest conjecture of Ford and Roman asserts that any negative-energy pulse must necessarily be followed by an over-compensating positive-energy one within a certain maximum time delay. Furthermore, the minimum amount of over-compensation increases with the separation between the pulses. In this paper, we first study the case of a negative-energy square pulse followed by a positive-energy one for a minimally coupled, massless scalar field in two-dimensional Minkowski space. We obtain explicit expressions for the maximum time delay and the amount of over-compensation needed, using a previously developed eigenvalue approach. These results are then used to give a proof of the quantum interest conjecture for massless scalar fields in two dimensions, valid for general energy distributions.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures; final version to appear in PRD
Between restrictions and incentives: legal analysis of the reasoned agriculture qualification
Creators: name: Doussan, Isabelle
name: Doussan, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: What is referred to in France as reasoned agriculture appeared in the 1990s as a professional response from intensive-agriculture farmers to the awareness of farming pollutions. Since 2002 it has been the object of a self qualification procedure covering farms and products. A legal analysis shows that the mechanism corresponds to the setting up of an incentive policy in a field already covered by regulations defining legal obligations. Public authorities, combining restrictions and incentives, institute a hybrid policy the legal validity of which may possibly be questioned.
Spatio-temporal dimensions of organic carbon-mineral interactions in a source-to-sink system
Creators: name: Gallarotti, Nora
name: Peucker-Ehrenbrink, Bernhard
name: Johannessen, Sophia
name: Bröder, Lisa
name: Wijker, Reto
name: Voss, Britta
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Rivers play a key role in the global carbon cycle by transferring organic carbon (OC) from the terrestrial biosphere to marine sediments, which act as an important long-term carbon sink. Associations between biospheric OC and mineral phases can alter OC stability and hydrodynamic properties, thereby influencing its transport and storage patterns within a river basin and dictating the fate of terrestrial biospheric OC discharged to the ocean. While research has mainly investigated the formation of these associations within soils, open questions remain on how these interactions evolve over space and time.

The Fraser River Basin in British Columbia, Canada drains regions with distinctive lithological and climatic gradients allowing the simultaneous study of leaf-wax-specific isotopic compositions (δ2H, δ13C) and inorganic geochemical signatures (εNd) of sediments as tracers of the provenance of biospheric OC and detrital mineral phases, respectively. In addition, bulk radiocarbon (D14C) serves as a tool to constrain biospheric OC residence times. Here, to investigate seasonal variations in the geochemical signatures of OC and its mineral host in sediments exported by the Fraser River to the Strait of Georgia using samples from a time-series sediment trap deployed cover the course of a year adjacent to the river mouth.

Both εNd and D14C follow a seasonal pattern by which aged OC (-176 to -140‰) is mostly transported during high discharge events such as the freshet in June and heavy rainstorms occurring in the upper basin in fall. During the former event, the geochemical signature (εNd: -9.2 to -7.2) points towards the Coastal Range affecting the detrital mineral composition more strongly, which shifts towards a greater proportion of Rocky Mountains-sourced sediment (εNd: -11.7 to -9.1) during the second high discharge event. Biomarker specific δ2H will further elucidate the extent to which the provenance of biospheric OC coincides with the mineral detrital load. Further, comparison with geochemical signatures of fluvial sediments within the Fraser basin, together with corresponding signatures in river-proximal sediments deposited in the Strait of Georgia allow for OC-mineral interactions to be assessed from a source-to-sink perspective.

This coupled investigation of organic and inorganic tracers provides new insights into terrestrial organic carbon export and the role of organo-mineral interactions on riverine organic carbon dynamics. These findings also have important ramifications for the interpretation of sedimentary archives.
description: EGUsphere
Inorganic biogenic carbon redistribution and transport in marine sediments
Creators: name: Hewage, Prabodha Lakrani
name: Mejía, Luz María
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Saavedra-Pellitero, Mariem
name: Trundley, Ben
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
name: Hodell, David
name: Ausín, Blanca
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Coccolithophores are calcifying marine phytoplankton whose blooms can be seen from space and play an important, yet complex, role in the global carbon cycle. On one hand, coccolithophores sequester atmospheric CO2 to the deep ocean via photosynthesis contributing to the biological pump. On the other hand, coccolithophores increase aqueous CO2 via precipitation of tiny calcite scales named coccoliths (i.e., carbonate counter pump), which are a major component of marine sediments. Coccoliths are generally in the 2-20 µm size range, and thus they can be winnowed by strong currents and transported to distal locations. Here, we show the first coccoliths radiocarbon (14C) ages and explore the influence of size-dependent coccolith sorting and transport, redistribution, and fate in marine sediments. Because the coccolith depends on the species, we have separated and 14C dated four coccolith size fractions: 8-11 µm, 5-8 µm, 3-5 µm, and 2-3 µm, in  five depth intervals on a sediment core recovered from SHAK06-5K site, off the Iberian Margin. Coccolith separation was achieved by a combination of dry sieving, microfiltration, centrifugation, and settling experiments. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) images of selected size fractions were used to estimate the relative contribution of coccolith and non-coccolith carbonate. A relationship between coccolith 14C age and grain size is apparent in all samples, with the smallest size class recording the youngest ages and the largest coccoliths being the oldest. The latter suggests that hydrodynamic sorting largely influences coccolith redistribution in marine sediments, where larger coccoliths result in increased mobility, as they are prone to resuspension than coccoliths in 2-3 µm size fraction that tend to show cohesive behaviour. The 14C ages of coccoliths are older than those of co-deposited planktic foraminifera, bulk organic carbon (OC), long-chain fatty acids (LCFA), and alkenones. Coccoliths within the 2-3 µm size class show 14C ages comparable to those of OC in all samples. Such a pattern indicates similar transport mechanisms for both the smallest coccoliths and OC, and that the majority of carbonate in the 2-3 µm size fraction, including the non-coccolith particles, is predominantly derived from marine primary production and thus, of biogenic origin. Our study has implications for palaeoceanographic studies using coccoliths as paleo-productivity and geochemical proxies.
description: EGUsphere
An Exercise in R: High Frequency Covariance estimation using Malliavin-Mancino and Hayashi-Yoshida estimators
Creators: name: Chang, Patrick
name: Bukuru, Roger
name: Gebbie, Tim
Publisher: name: University of Cape Town
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Honours in Statistical Science. The report acts as supporting material for the pre-print titled: "Revisiting the Epps effect using volume time averaging: An exercise in R"
Multiplicities of Periodic Orbit Lengths for Non-Arithmetic Models
Creators: name: Bogomolny, Eugene
name: Schmit, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiplicities of periodic orbit lengths for non-arithmetic Hecke triangle groups are discussed. It is demonstrated both numerically and analytically that at least for certain groups the mean multiplicity of periodic orbits with exactly the same length increases exponentially with the length. The main ingredient used is the construction of joint distribution of periodic orbits when group matrices are transformed by field isomorphisms. The method can be generalized to other groups for which traces of group matrices are integers of an algebraic field of finite degree.
Cryptophoca Koretsky & Ray 1994
Creators: name: Peigné, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Phocidae
Cryptophoca

description: Genus Cryptophoca Koretsky & Ray, 1994
 TYPE SPECIES. — Cryptophoca maeotica (Nordmann, 1860), by original designation.
description: Published as part of Peigné, Stéphane, 2016, Carnivora, pp. 197-224 in Geodiversitas 38 (2) on page 202, DOI: 10.5252/g2016n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5207887
Analysis of the interaction of an electron with radial electric fields in the presence of a disclination
Creators: name: Bakke, Knut
name: Furtado, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an elastic medium with a disclination and investigate the topological effects on the interaction of a spinless electron with radial electric fields through the WKB (Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin) approximation. We show how the centrifugal term of the radial equation must be modified due to the influence of the topological defect in order that the WKB approximation can be valid. Then, we search for bound states solutions from the interaction of a spinless electron with the electric field produced by this linear distribution of electric charges. In addition, we search for bound states solutions from the interaction of a spinless electron with radial electric field produced by uniform electric charge distribution inside a long non-conductor cylinder.
description: 13 pages, no figures, Accepted for publication IJGMMP
Concurrence and foliations induced by some 1-qubit channels
Creators: name: Uhlmann, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We start with a short introduction to the roof concept. An elementary discussion of phase-damping channels shows the role of anti-linear operators in representing their concurrence. A general expression for some concurrences is derived. We apply it to 1-qubit channels of length two, getting induced foliations of the state space, the optimal decompositions, and the entropy of a state with respect to these channels. For amplitude-damping channels one obtains an expression for the Holevo capacity allowing for easy numerical calculations.
description: Quantum Composite systems 2002, Ustron, Poland, September 2002, talk
Book Reviews
Creators: name: Kislev, Yoav
name: Applebaum, Levia
name: Sofer, Michael
name: Kellerman, Aharon
name: Kislev, Yoav
name: Applebaum, Levia
name: Sofer, Michael
name: Kellerman, Aharon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Reviews of: Grigory Ioffe, Tatyana Nefedova, and Ilya Zaslavsky, The End of Peasantry? The Disintegration of Rural Russia, University of Pittsburg Press, 2006; Michael Woods, Contesting Rurality: Politics in the British Countryside, Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate, 2005; Guy M. Robinson (ed.), Sustainable Rural Systems: Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Communities, (Perspectives on Rural Policy & Planning Series). Aldershot : Ashgate, 2008; Jørgen Ole Bærenholdt and Brynhild Granås (eds.), Mobility and Place: Enacting Northern European Peripheries, Aldershot : Ashgate, 2008
Thesaurus as a complex network
Creators: name: Holanda, Adriano de Jesus
name: Pisa, Ivan Torres
name: Kinouchi, Osame
name: Martinez, Alexandre Souto
name: Ruiz, Evandro Eduardo Seron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A thesaurus is one, out of many, possible representations of term (or word) connectivity. The terms of a thesaurus are seen as the nodes and their relationship as the links of a directed graph. The directionality of the links retains all the thesaurus information and allows the measurement of several quantities. This has lead to a new term classification according to the characteristics of the nodes, for example, nodes with no links in, no links out, etc. Using an electronic available thesaurus we have obtained the incoming and outgoing link distributions. While the incoming link distribution follows a stretched exponential function, the lower bound for the outgoing link distribution has the same envelope of the scientific paper citation distribution proposed by Albuquerque and Tsallis. However, a better fit is obtained by simpler function which is the solution of Ricatti's differential equation. We conjecture that this differential equation is the continuous limit of a stochastic growth model of the thesaurus network. We also propose a new manner to arrange a thesaurus using the ``inversion method''.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of `Trends and Perspectives in Extensive and Nonextensive Statistical Mechanics', in honour of Constantino Tsallis' 60th birthday (submitted Physica A)
Radiocarbon signatures of dissolved black carbon in early winter water masses from the Beaufort Sea
Creators: name: Speidel, Linn
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Blattmann, Thomas
name: Bröder, Lisa
name: Lattaud, Julie
name: Coppola, Alysha I.
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Black carbon (BC) is a fraction of organic carbon resulting from the incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. The production and fate of BC is a topic of great interest in the context of ongoing climate change, as the intensity and severity of fires is increasing. The recalcitrant nature enables BC to buffer these changes by removing biomass-derived carbon into longer cycling pools. BC is mainly produced on land and a portion is transported in both particulate and dissolved form by the rivers to the oceans. Dissolved BC (DBC) cycles on millennial timescales, thereby storing BC as fraction of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the marine DOC pool before deposition to sediments or complete degradation. However, there is currently limited information on the cycling, transport and evolution of modern riverine DBC, and how it contributes to the deep ocean DOC pool.
The arctic and boreal regions are well recognized as a nexus for climate change, given amplified rates of change in average temperatures and summer precipitation, which exacerbate carbon cycle feedbacks, including enhanced BC production by intensified wildfire seasons. The Beaufort Sea in the Arctic Ocean is composed of different water masses, with Pacific water masses entering from the Chukchi Sea, and arctic rivers - in particular the Mackenzie River - being the major source of freshwater that delivers both terrestrial DOC and DBC. Presently, information on the sources and fate of BC in the Arctic Ocean remains sparse.
Here, we report DBC concentrations and Δ14C values in the Beaufort Sea during early winter conditions. Distinct water masses were sampled, including the outflow of the Mackenzie River and the Pacific water jet on the shelf break, during two cruises in 2021 and 2022 that spanned the coast of north Alaska to the Amundsen Gulf. Preliminary radiocarbon results show that DBC on the shelf break is up to five millennia old. We discuss our findings in the context of regional hydrography and carbon cycle processes.
description: EGUsphere
Phenomenology and theory of Galactic cosmic-ray propagation
Creators: name: Carmelo, Evoli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: cosmic rays
astroparticle physics

description: Slides of the remote talk I gave as an Astroplasmas Seminar at Princeton (US): https://sites.google.com/site/astroplasmasgroup/
description: {"references": ["Evoli et al., Physical Review D, Volume 103, Issue 8, article id.083010 (2021)", "Evoli et al., Physical Review Letters, Volume 125, Issue 5, article id.051101 (2020)", "Evoli et al., Physical Review D, Volume 101, Issue 2, article id.023013 (2020)", "Evoli et al., Physical Review D, Volume 99, Issue 10, id.103023 (2019)"]}
D4.4 Information Governance Framework and Instruments
Creators: name: Lea, Nathan
name: Kalra, Dipak
name: De Zegher, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Deliverable 4.4 describes the Information Governance Framework for AIDAVA. Information Governance relates to regulatory compliance and risk management for information handling. It will also inform technical design and implementation, including security services such as access controls and encryption.Partner i~HD has therefore under Task 4.1 engaged with the Consortium to conduct the requisite information gathering and risk assessments to ensure high assurance around the handling of health information in line with key Information Governance principles. It has used the Data Protection by Design and Default approach provided by GDPR to engage with the Consortium early on to ensure that it defines the data flows to achieve the goals of AIDAVA, assesses the data protection, security and ethical risks of the project and defines the key instruments that will address them.The outcome of this is the Data Protection Impact Assessment template for the Consortium, which in turn has assisted with the production of a Data Management Plan published as D4.1. Both deliverables are based on Data Flow Diagrams initiated during a dedicated workshop held in December 2022 between WP1 and WP4, and further refined through joint meetings held throughout the project. The processes have allowed an agreement on the roles of the partners and on the contractual agreements required to govern AIDAVA with progress made on defining these contracts. The contracts themselves include a set of bilateral Data Sharing Agreements developed on a standard template defined within the consortium, including - whenever applicable - existing legal provisions and specific technical provisions; Data Processing Agreements were assessed as not needed.Task 4.1 has also offered advisory on submissions to Research Ethics Committees - for accessing patient data for annotation purposes and for assessing the prototype - and design choices for the project. The drafting of a Code of Practice is also underway and key challenges are being collated for submission to AIDAVA’s independent Ethics Advisory Board which will meet for the first time in early October.
Dynamics of two atoms coupled to a cavity field
Creators: name: Roversi, J. A.
name: Vidiella-Barranco, A.
name: Moya-Cessa, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interaction of two two-level atoms with a single mode cavity field. One of the atoms is exactly at resonance with the field, while the other is well far from resonance and hence is treated in the dispersive limit. We find that the presence of the non-resonant atom produces a shift in the Rabi frequency of the resonant atom, as if it was detuned from the field. We focus on the discussion of the evolution of the state purity of each atom.
description: LaTex, 2 figures
On Exact Proper Time Wilsonian RG Flows
Creators: name: Bonanno, A.
name: Lippoldt, S.
name: Percacci, R.
name: Vacca, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility to define exact RG equations for a UV regulated Wilsonian action based on a proper time (PT) regulator function. We start from a functional mapping which shows how each particular flow equation (and RG scheme) is associated to infinitely many scale dependent field redefinitions, which are related to specific coarse-graining procedures. On specializing to a sub-family of one parameter PT regulators we briefly analyze few results for the Ising Universality class in three dimensions, obtained within a second order truncation in the derivative expansion of the Wilsonian action.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, revtex, few clarifying comments and references added
Process Innovation Activity in a Mixed Oligopsony: The Role of Marketing Cooperatives
Creators: name: Drivas, Kyriakos
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Drivas, Kyriakos
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: marketing cooperatives
subject: process innovation
subject: mixed oligopsony
subject: retained earnings

description: This paper examines the market and welfare effects of cooperative involvement in cost-reducing process innovation activity in the context of a mixed oligopsony where an open-membership marketing co-op competes with an investor-owned firm. The presence of the marketing co-op is shown to result in increased producer prices and welfare gains for all farmers, members and non-members of the co-op. The effect of the marketing co-op on process innovation activity depends on the relative quality of its final products, the degree of producer heterogeneity, and the size of innovation costs. A comparison of our findings with those of Giannakas and Fulton (2005) on the impacts of input-supplying co-ops, reveals that, regardless of whether they are a backward or a forward integration of their members, parts of an oligopolistic or an oligopsonistic market structure, the involvement of cooperatives in process innovation can increase the innovation activity in the market, is welfare enhancing and, thus, socially desirable.
title: Spécimen d'ordonnance pour le traitement ICCARRE
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-20193111232830325
description: created: start=1975;end=2018
Global expression of bomb radiocarbon in Earth's surface carbon reservoirs
Creators: name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
name: Bomb-spike Team
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: The Earth’s carbon cycle encompasses myriad processes that connect different reservoirs containing diverse forms of carbon that turnover and exchange on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Increased atmospheric CO2 from anthropogenic perturbation of the carbon cycle associated with fossil fuel combustion and land-use change reflects the release of carbon from stable, slow-cycling reservoirs.  Much current research seeks to quantify carbon transfer from slow to fast cycling reservoirs, as well as the ability of different carbon reservoirs, particularly the terrestrial biosphere and the oceans, to compensate for these increased CO2 emissions through carbon uptake and storage. Determination of the turnover time and rate of transfer of carbon between reservoirs is crucial in this regard. Radiocarbon, 14C, represents a powerful tool to address this question by virtue of its ~ 5700-year half-life that allows processes occurring on centennial to millennial timescales to be resolved. Superimposed on natural abundance 14C variations, above-ground nuclear weapons testing during the mid-20th Century created an abrupt spike in atmospheric radiocarbon (“bomb spike”) that has subsequently permeated into and moved through various Earth surface carbon reservoirs, serving as a useful tracer of carbon cycle processes occurring on annual to decadal timescales. Numerous studies have exploited this signal for assessment of turnover or transit times within and through carbon pools, atmospheric and oceanic circulation, ecosystem functioning and source attribution. However, much 14C data currently tends to be compartmentalized, with a focus on specific reservoirs or geographic locations.

In this study, we evaluate the global expression of the radiocarbon bomb spike across the different Earth surface active carbon reservoirs (terrestrial biosphere, soils, freshwater aquatic systems, and marine carbon reservoirs). We compile 14C data from existing and nascent databases as well as new measurements, including direct observations and records from natural archives spanning the pre-bomb period to the present, to develop an overview of the general features of 14C (timing, amplitude and character of the bomb peak) within each reservoir over this time interval.  In addition to using this information to refine our understanding of the interactions between different reservoirs, this study seeks to (i) identify gaps and biases in data with a view to motivating further 14C studies, (ii) underline the value of systematic data reporting, as well as careful archiving of samples for future 14C analysis, (iii) inform isotope-enabled carbon cycle and earth system models, and (iv) serve as benchmark against which to gauge future carbon cycle changes.
description: EGUsphere
Grid Influenced Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading
Creators: name: Tushar, Wayes
name: Saha, Tapan Kumar
name: Yuen, Chau
name: Morstyn, Thomas
name: Nahid-Al-Masood
name: Poor, H. Vincent
name: Bean, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a peer-to-peer energy trading scheme that can help the centralized power system to reduce the total electricity demand of its customers at the peak hour. To do so, a cooperative Stackelberg game is formulated, in which the centralized power system acts as the leader that needs to decide on a price at the peak demand period to incentivize prosumers to not seeking any energy from it. The prosumers, on the other hand, act as followers and respond to the leader's decision by forming suitable coalitions with neighboring prosumers in order to participate in P2P energy trading to meet their energy demand. The properties of the proposed Stackelberg game are studied. It is shown that the game has a unique and stable Stackelberg equilibrium, as a result of the stability of prosumers' coalitions. At the equilibrium, the leader chooses its strategy using a derived closed-form expression, while the prosumers choose their equilibrium coalition structure. An algorithm is proposed that enables the centralized power system and the prosumers to reach the equilibrium solution. Numerical case studies demonstrate the beneficial properties of the proposed scheme.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication
Direct radiocarbon measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon from environmental water using a gas ion source
Creators: name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Schnepper, Charlotte
name: Blattmann, Thomas
name: Kundig, Kayley
name: Castrillejo Iridoy, Maxi
name: Casacuberta, Núria
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
name: White, Margot Elizabeth
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: An increasing demand for radiocarbon analysis of small samples has led to the development of various methods to further improve and simplify the CO2 extraction needed for accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements. Here, the performance of a direct feeding system of CO2 from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from small water samples (<6 ml) and direct AMS measurement via a gas ion source coupled to a gas interface system (GIS) is presented and compared to the conventional preparation by graphitization that demands significantly larger samples (> 60 ml).

Seawater samples collected from Sargasso Sea, southeast of and lake water samples collected from Lake Constance have been prepared by both methods. The extraction of CO2 gas from samples for GIS measurement is performed using a carbonate handling system (CHS-Ionplus AG) through purging the headspace, acidifying the water, and sparging out the CO2. The preparation time is greatly reduced compared to conventional analysis that requires the labor-intensive graphitization step. The yielded 14C results from the direct CO2 measurements are in good agreement with values obtained from graphite measurements. The observed deviation between the two methods is below the uncertainty of radiocarbon gas measurement (~7‰).

This new approach will facilitate understanding of carbon cycle dynamics in many different environments and applications where a high throughput (up to 80 sample/day) is required. The new method is suitable for groundwater, pore water, seawater, freshwaters from lakes, rivers and glacial settings. Furthermore, it enables the analysis of small milliliter-scale samples and those containing low DIC concentrations.
description: EGUsphere
title: Titre_Le Café, le chocolat et le thé, guide de l'acheteur, du vendeur et de l'amateur
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Titre
Thalassictis Gervais 1850
Creators: name: Peigné, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Hyaenidae
Thalassictis

description: Genus Thalassictis Gervais, 1850 ex Nordmann MS
 TYPE SPECIES. — Thalassictis robusta Gervais, 1850 ex Nordmann MS by subsequent designation of Palmer (1904).
description: Published as part of Peigné, Stéphane, 2016, Carnivora, pp. 197-224 in Geodiversitas 38 (2) on page 214, DOI: 10.5252/g2016n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5207887
Acceleration-Induced Nonlocality: Uniqueness of the Kernel
Creators: name: Chicone, C.
name: Mashhoon, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of uniqueness of the kernel in the nonlocal theory of accelerated observers. In a recent work, we showed that the convolution kernel is ruled out as it can lead to divergences for nonuniform accelerated motion. Here we determine the general form of bounded continuous kernels and use observational data regarding spin-rotation coupling to argue that the kinetic kernel given by $K(τ,τ')=k(τ')$ is the only physically acceptable solution.
description: LaTeX file, 2 figures, 14 pages
The Trikarmī Brāmhaṇ
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: On the basis of the story, the verdict by the Shivaji’s court-panḍits concludes that the sārasvat had lost their brāhmaṇ status; and in conformity with the Dharmśāstr, and given the fact that the sārasvat had been engaged in purvaparaṃparāgat ācār (traditional occupations) suitable for vaiśya, the verdict decrees that the sārasvat belong to the class of vaiśya. It further decrees that the sārasvat shall employ a karhāḍē brāhmaṇ priest to perform the śrāddha ceremony. As for the diet it denigrates them as abhojyānn, that is those whose food it is forbidden to eat. We need to understand this in the context of the facts that the deśasth dominated the ‘administrative core’ during Shivaji’s time and were the most faithful to the Kuru-Pañcāl code. Though sidelined by the Citpāvan during the Peshvā era, their ‘prestigious ritual status’ continued to be invoked even later. The Kuru-Pañcāl brāhmaṇ had definitely succeeded in impressing their hegemony over the ritual space in the Indian sub-continent for good.
Radiocarbon measurements of archived fish scales reconstruct past carbon cycle changes in a peri-alpine lake
Creators: name: White, Margot Elizabeth
name: Mittelbach, Benedict V.A.
name: Rhyner, Timo
name: Haghipour, Negar
name: Blattmann, Thomas
name: Wessels, Martin
name: Dubois, Nathalie
name: Eglinton, Timothy Ian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: Climate change and other anthropogenic impacts such as nutrient pollution result in perturbations to freshwater systems that alter aquatic carbon cycling. In the alpine Rhine basin, for example, long-term monitoring over the past four decades has documented increasing water temperatures that cause a decrease in the solubility of CO2. However, this same dataset records a small increase in the concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) over the same period. This requires increasing inputs of DIC to aquatic systems and an acceleration of the carbon cycle, but the source of this additional carbon is not clear. Possible explanations include increased weathering of bedrock or increased soil organic matter respiration, with sharply contrasting implications for carbon storage and turnover. Radiocarbon (14C) is an ideal tool to distinguish between these different scenarios, as bedrock weathering will contribute 14C-depleted (fossil) DIC whereas increased soil respiration will contribute DIC that is more 14C-enriched (younger). Furthermore, large changes in the atmospheric radiocarbon content over the past century resulting from the testing of nuclear weapons provide a strong signal with which to track the exchange between aquatic and atmospheric carbon pools by examining how lake water DI14C changes through time. Here we focus on Lake Constance, a large peri-alpine lake fed mostly by the alpine Rhine River. We measured natural abundance radiocarbon in archived fish scales collected from Lake Constance over the past 100 years to reconstruct changes in lake water DI14C. These fish scales come from young fish caught in the lake who feed primarily on phytoplankton and thus reflect the 14C of the lake DIC pool. Preliminary measurements of fish scales from the pre-bomb period were 0.78 to 0.79 Fm, reflecting the addition of 14C dead rock-derived carbon from the dissolution of carbonate rocks within the catchment. These values are 14C-depleted compared to present day water column DIC values of 0.82 to 0.84 Fm, where the bomb spike signal persists. Results from fish scales will ultimately be compared with other archives of water column DI14C currently in development, including 14C of chlorophyll degradation products and zooplankton exoskeletons isolated from varved lake sediments. These records permit us to investigate how carbon cycling in the lake and its catchment has responded to anthropogenic perturbations such as warming and nutrient pollution over the past century, with the eventual goal of calibrating isotope enabled carbon cycle models.
description: EGUsphere
Machairodus Kaup 1833
Creators: name: Peigné, Stéphane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Machairodus

description: Genus Machairodus Kaup, 1833
 TYPE SPECIES. — Machairodus aphanistus (Kaup, 1832) by subsequent designation of Pilgrim (1931). Matthew (1929: 500) supposed that M. aphanistus was “probably” the type species of the genus, but this cannot be considered as a clear designation.
description: Published as part of Peigné, Stéphane, 2016, Carnivora, pp. 197-224 in Geodiversitas 38 (2) on page 217, DOI: 10.5252/g2016n2a4, http://zenodo.org/record/5207887
Area Regge calculus and continuum limit
Creators: name: Khatsymovsky, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Encountered in the literature generalisations of general relativity to independent area variables are considered, the discrete (generalised Regge calculus) and continuum ones. The generalised Regge calculus can be either with purely area variables or, as we suggest, with area tensor-connection variables. Just for the latter, in particular, we prove that in analogy with corresponding statement in ordinary Regge calculus (by Feinberg, Friedberg, Lee and Ren), passing to the (appropriately defined) continuum limit yields the generalised continuum area tensor-connection general relativity.
description: 10 pages, TeX
A simple statistical explanation for the localization of energy in nonlinear lattices with two conserved quantities
Creators: name: Rumpf, Benno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The localization of energy in the discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation is explained with statistical methods. The partition function and the entropy of the system are computed for low-amplitude initial conditions. Detailed predictions for the long-time solution are derived.
The resonance spectrum of the cusp map in the space of analytic functions
Creators: name: Antoniou, I.
name: Shkarin, S. A.
name: Yarevsky, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the Frobenius--Perron operator $U$ of the cusp map $F:[-1,1]\to[-1,1]$, $F(x)=1-2\sqrt{|x|}$ (which is an approximation of the Poincaré section of the Lorenz attractor) has no analytic eigenfunctions corresponding to eigenvalues different from 0 and 1. We also prove that for any $q\in(0,1)$ the spectrum of $U$ in the Hardy space in the disk $\{z\in\C:|z-q|<1+q\}$ is the union of the segment $[0,1]$ and some finite or countably infinite set of isolated eigenvalues of finite multiplicity.
description: Submitted to JMP; The description of the spectrum in some Hardy spaces is added
title: Mail de Lise Halbwachs-Mecarelli à Jacques Leibowitch, retransféré à lui-même
Creators: name: Halbwachs-Mecarelli, Lise
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-2019311113513782
description: created: start=2004-06-04;end=2004-06-08
Contracts Between Small Scale Soybean Farmers and the Biodiesel Industry in Brazil: An Application of Principal-Agent Model
Creators: name: Clemente, Felippe
name: Da Silva Júnior, Aziz Galvão
name: Clemente, Felippe
name: Da Silva Júnior, Aziz Galvão
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Contracts Farms
subject: Biofuel
subject: Principal-Agent Model

description: A contract is considered incomplete when the optimal solution for a contractual problem requires some information from the parts which is not observable by one or both parts. This problem is found in the biodiesel production chain among small scale farmers and biodiesel companies in Brazil, which is regulated by a certification called Social Fuel Seal under the framework of the PNPB (Brazilian Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel). In order to minimize this hindrance, an incentive structure was elaborated utilizing the nonlinear programming. The Principal-Agent approach was used to verify if these new incentives allow for the small scale soybean farmer to put great effort level in the agricultural production. When the incentive structure is evaluated through the model proposed, the result indicates that both the farmer and the biodiesel company will have their profits maximized if the producer puts on great effort. Thus, it is clear the importance to include this mechanism of stimulation to productivity increase into the PNPB framework in order to contribute to the competitiveness of the Biodiesel chain in Brazil.
Double-bracket quantum algorithms for high-fidelity ground state preparation
Creators: name: Robbiati, Matteo
name: Pedicillo, Edoardo
name: Pasquale, Andrea
name: Li, Xiaoyue
name: Wright, Andrew
name: Farias, Renato M.S.
name: Giang, Khanh Uyen
name: Son, Jeongrak
name: Knörzer, Johannes
name: Goh, Siong Thye
name: Khoo, Jun Yong
name: Ng, Nelly H.Y.
name: Holmes, Zoë
name: Carrazza, Stefano
name: Gluza, Marek
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground state preparation is a key area where quantum computers are expected to prove advantageous. Double-bracket quantum algorithms (DBQAs) have been recently proposed to diagonalize Hamiltonians and in this work we show how to use them to prepare ground states. We propose to improve an initial state preparation by adding a few steps of DBQAs. The interfaced method systematically achieves a better fidelity while significantly reducing the computational cost of the procedure. For a Heisenberg model, we compile our algorithm using CZ and single-qubit gates into circuits that match capabilities of near-term quantum devices. Moreover, we show that DBQAs can benefit from the experimental availability of increasing circuit depths. Whenever an approximate ground state can be prepared without exhausting the available circuit depth, then DBQAs can be enlisted to algorithmically seek a higher fidelity preparation.
description: arXiv
Unitary time-dependent superconvergent technique for pulse-driven quantum dynamics
Creators: name: Daems, D.
name: Keller, A.
name: Guérin, S.
name: Jauslin, H. -R.
name: Atabek, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a superconvergent Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser type of perturbation theory for time-dependent Hamiltonians. It is strictly unitary upon truncation at an arbitrary order and not restricted to periodic or quasiperiodic Hamiltonians. Moreover, for pulse-driven systems we construct explicitly the KAM transformations involved in the iterative procedure. The technique is illustrated on a two-level model perturbed by a pulsed interaction for which we obtain convergence all the way from the sudden regime to the opposite adiabatic regime.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Generalized Concentratable Entanglement via Parallelized Permutation Tests
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyu
name: Knörzer, Johannes
name: Wang, Zherui Jerry
name: Tura, Jordi
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multipartite entanglement is an essential resource for quantum information theory and technologies, but its quantification has been a persistent challenge. Recently, Concentratable Entanglement (CE) has been introduced as a promising candidate for a multipartite entanglement measure, which can be efficiently estimated across two state copies. In this work, we introduce Generalized Concentratable Entanglement (GCE) measures, highlight a natural correspondence to quantum Tsallis entropies, and conjecture a new entropic inequality that may be of independent interest. We show how to efficiently measure the GCE in a quantum computer, using parallelized permutation tests across a prime number of state copies. We exemplify the practicality of such computation for probabilistic entanglement concentration into W states with three state copies. Moreover, we show that an increased number of state copies provides an improved error bound on this family of multipartite entanglement measures in the presence of imperfections. Finally, we prove that GCE is still a well-defined entanglement monotone as its value, on average, does not increase under local operations and classical communication (LOCC).
description: arXiv
Impacts of Biogas Production on the Production Factors Land and Labour – Current Effects, Possible Consequences and Further Research Needs
Creators: name: Emmann, Carsten H.
name: Guenther-Lübbers, Welf
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
name: Emmann, Carsten H.
name: Guenther-Lübbers, Welf
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: biogas production
subject: Lower Saxony
subject: land lease prices
subject: crowding-out effects

description: tion from agricultural sources. However, many other EU member states are creating the necessary conditions for rapid growth in this area. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which sets payments over a long time period for electricity supplied from renewa-ble sources, often serves as a benchmark. However, the continuing biogas boom has also led to criticism of the EEG in Germany. Opponents of biogas production point to the rising cost of leasing land, changes in the agricultural structure due to maize monoculture, increased competition with other agricultural branches (e.g., livestock husbandry) and the crowding out of classical food production. This paper examines the validity of these points of criticism. To this end, a written survey (n = 246) of farmers in six selected rural districts in the German state of Lower Saxony was carried out in 2010 and 2011. OLS regressions conducted on the data from these farmers showed that biogas production has led to a substantial increase in land lease prices for cropland. Furthermore, approximately 20% of the respondents report complete crowding out of established agricultural production forms, resulting in a decrease in the resource basis for downstream animal and plant processing industries. The results also indicate that, in extreme cases, such crowding out might even reduce the availability of em-ployment in rural areas. In closing, the paper highlights further research needs in order to provide comprehensive information (for every German state, the entire country of Germany and other EU member states) regarding the effects of biogas production on net employ-ment, infrastructure and added value.
The Rotational and Spin-Rotational Level Structure of para-H$_{2}^+$ from High-Resolution MQDT-Assisted Rydberg-State Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Doran, Ioana
name: Beyer, Maximilian
name: Merkt, Frédéric
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of the low-lying rotational levels of the X$^+$ $ ^2 Σ_g ^+$ ($v^+=0$) vibronic ground state of para-H$_2^+$ has been determined by combining frequency-comb calibrated continuous-wave high-resolution laser spectroscopy of $n$f Rydberg series in the range of principal quantum number $n$ between 28 and 115 and Rydberg-series extrapolation using multichannel-quantum-defect theory (MQDT). The use of accurate quantum-defect parameters obtained from new ab initio calculations enabled the experimental determination of the pure rotational term values of the $N^+= 2$, 4 and 6 rotational levels of H$_2^+$ with sub-MHz accuracy (174.236\,744\,6(77), 575.455\,632\,5(86) and 1191.385\,571(240) cm$^{-1}$, respectively), and of the corresponding spin-rotational coupling constants with an accuracy of better than 100 kHz (42.21(4), 41.26(8) and 40.04(8) MHz, respectively). These values are in agreement with the results of first-principles calculations that include high-order relativistic and quantum-electrodynamics corrections to the level energies. To reach the reported accuracy in the Rydberg series extrapolation, it was necessary to correct for artificial level shifts arising in the MQDT calculations in the vicinity of local perturbations of high-$n$ Rydberg states with a $v^+=0$ H$_2^+$ ion core caused by low-$n$ core-excited Rydberg states, and resulting from approximations in the treatment of the Rydberg-electron energy in the interacting channels.
description: arXiv