cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Terahertz-Based Porosity Measurement of Pharmaceutical Tablets: a Tutorial
Creators: name: Bawuah, Prince
name: Markl, Daniel
name: Farrell, Daniel
name: Evans, Mike
name: Portieri, Alessia
name: Anderson, Andrew
name: Goodwin, Daniel
name: Lucas, Ralph
name: Zeitler, J. Axel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Terahertz spectroscopy
Pharmaceutical tablet
Porosity
Effective medium approximation
Refractive index
Optical path length

description: Abstract: Porosity, one of the important quality attributes of pharmaceutical tablets, directly affects the mechanical properties, the mass transport and hence tablet disintegration, dissolution and ultimately the bioavailability of an orally administered drug. The ability to accurately and quickly monitor the porosity of tablets during manufacture or during the manufacturing process will enable a greater assurance of product quality. This tutorial systematically outlines the steps involved in the terahertz-based measurement method that can be used to quantify the porosity of a tablet within seconds in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner. The terahertz-based porosity measurement can be performed using one of the three main methods, which are (i) the zero-porosity approximation (ZPA); (ii) the traditional Bruggeman effective medium approximation (TB-EMA); and (iii) the anisotropic Bruggeman effective medium approximation (AB-EMA). By using a set of batches of flat-faced and biconvex tablets as a case study, the three main methods are compared and contrasted. Overall, frequency-domain signal processing coupled with the AB-EMA method was found to be most suitable approach in terms of accuracy and robustness when predicting the porosity of tablets over a range of complexities and geometries. This tutorial aims to concisely outline all the necessary steps, precautions and unique advantages associated with the terahertz-based porosity measurement method.
Tip enhanced IR imaging with sub-10 nm resolution and hypersensitivity
Creators: name: Li, Jian
name: Jahng, Junghoon
name: Pang, Jie
name: Morrison, William
name: Li, Jin
name: Lee, Eun Seong
name: Xu, Jing-Juan
name: Chen, Hong-Yuan
name: Xia, Xing-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IR spectroscopy has been widely used for chemical identification and quantitative analysis of reactions occurring in a specific time and space domains by measuring an average signal of the entire system1. Achieving IR measurements with nanometer-scale spatial resolution is highly desirable to obtain a detailed understanding of the composition, structure and function of interfaces2-5. The challenges in IR nanoscopy yet exist owing to the small molecular cross section and pristine optical diffraction limit. Although atomic force microscopy (AFM) based techniques, such as scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and photothermal-induced resonance microscopy (PTIR), can acquire IR spectroscopy in a few tens of nanometer scale resolution6-9, IR measurements with monolayer level sensitivity remains elusive and can only be realized under critical conditions10,11. Herein, we demonstrate sub-10 nm spatial resolution sampling a volume of ~360 molecules with a strong field enhancement at the sample-tip junction by implementing noble metal substrates (Au, Ag, Pt) in photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM). This technique shows versatility and robustness of PiFM, and is promising for application in interfacial studies with hypersensitivity and super spatial resolution.
description: 9 pages;4 figures
The RAPTOR Experiment: A System for Monitoring the Optical Sky in Real Time
Creators: name: Vestrand, W. T.
name: Borozdin, K.
name: Brumby, S.
name: Casperson, D.
name: Fenimore, E.
name: Galassi, M.
name: McGowan, K.
name: Perkins, S.
name: Priedhorsky, W.
name: Starr, D.
name: White, R.
name: Wozniak, P.
name: Wren, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rapid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) experiment is a spatially distributed system of autonomous robotic telescopes that is designed to monitor the sky for optical transients. The core of the system is composed of two telescope arrays, separated by 38 kilometers, that stereoscopically view the same 1500 square-degree field with a wide-field imaging array and a central 4 square-degree field with a more sensitive narrow-field "fovea" imager. Coupled to each telescope array is a real-time data analysis pipeline that is designed to identify interesting transients on timescales of seconds and, when a celestial transient is identified, to command the rapidly slewing robotic mounts to point the narrow-field ``fovea'' imagers at the transient. The two narrow-field telescopes then image the transient with higher spatial resolution and at a faster cadence to gather light curve information. Each "fovea" camera also images the transient through a different filter to provide color information. This stereoscopic monitoring array is supplemented by a rapidly slewing telescope with a low resolution spectrograph for follow-up observations of transients and a sky patrol telescope that nightly monitors about 10,000 square-degrees for variations, with timescales of a day or longer, to a depth about 100 times fainter. In addition to searching for fast transients, we will use the data stream from RAPTOR as a real-time sentinel for recognizing important variations in known sources. Altogether, the RAPTOR project aims to construct a new type of system for discovery in optical astronomy--one that explores the time domain by "mining the sky in real time".
description: 11 pages, To appear in the Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 4845
Determination of the electromechanical limits of high-performance Nb$_3$Sn Rutherford cables under transverse stress from a single-wire experiment
Creators: name: Gamperle, Luc
name: Ferradas, Jose
name: Barth, Christian
name: Bordini, Bernardo
name: Tommasini, Davide
name: Senatore, Carmine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of high-field accelerator magnets capable of providing 16 T dipolar fields is an indispensable technological breakthrough needed for the 100 TeV energy-frontier targeted by the Future Circular Collider (FCC). As these magnets will be based on Nb$_3$Sn Rutherford cables, the degradation of the conductor performance due to the large electro-magnetic stresses becomes a parameter with a profound impact on the magnet design. In this work, we investigated the stress dependence and the irreversible reduction of the critical current under compressive transverse load in high performance Powder-In-Tube (PIT) Nb$_3$Sn wires. Tests were performed in magnetic fields ranging between 16 T and 19 T on wires that were resin-impregnated similarly to the wires in the Rutherford cables of accelerator magnets. The scope was to predict the degradation of the cable under stress from a single-wire experiment. Interestingly, the irreversible stress limit, $σ_{irr}$, defined as the stress level corresponding to a permanent reduction of the critical current by 5$\%$ with respect to its initial value, was found to depend on the applied magnetic field. This observation allowed us to shed light on the mechanism dominating the irreversible reduction of the wire performance and to compare and reconcile our results with the irreversible limits measured on Rutherford cables, typically tested at fields below 12 T.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Inelastic Scattering Time for Conductance Fluctuations
Creators: name: Aleiner, I. L.
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of inelastic times governing the temperature behavior of the weak localization correction and mesoscopic fluctuations in one- and two-dimensional systems. It is shown that, for dephasing by the electron electron interaction, not only are those times identical but the scaling functions are also the same.
description: 10 pages Revtex; 5 eps files included
Attitude Determination from Single-Antenna Carrier-Phase Measurements
Creators: name: Bahder, Thomas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of carrier phase measurement (as carried out by a satellite navigation receiver) is formulated based on electromagnetic theory. The model shows that the phase of the open-circuit voltage induced in the receiver antenna with respect to a local oscillator (in the receiver) depends on the relative orientation of the receiving and transmitting antennas. The model shows that using a {\it single} receiving antenna, and making carrier phase measurements to seven satellites, the 3-axis attitude of a user platform (in addition to its position and time) can be computed relative to an initial point. This measurement model can also be used to create high-fidelity satellite signal simulators that take into account the effect of platform rotation as well as translation.
description: 12 pages, and one figure. Published in J. Appl. Phys. vol. 91, No. 7, April 1, 2002
Diagnosis and management of Sandifer syndrome in children with intractable neurological symptoms
Creators: name: Mindlina, Irina
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Review
Sandifer syndrome
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Misdiagnosis
Intractable neurological symptoms

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Sandifer syndrome is a rare complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when a patient presents with extraoesophageal symptoms, typically neurological. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature and describe a typical presentation and most appropriate investigations and management for the Sandifer syndrome. A comprehensive literature search was performed via PubMed, Cochrane Library and NHS Evidence databases. Twenty-seven cases and observational studies were identified. The literature demonstrates that presenting symptoms of Sandifer’s may include any combination of abnormal movements and/or positioning of head, neck, trunk and upper limbs, seizure-like episodes, ocular symptoms, irritability, developmental and growth delay and iron-deficiency anaemia. A 24-h oesophageal pH monitoring was positive in all the cases of Sandifer’s where it was performed, while upper GI endoscopy ± biopsy and barium swallow were diagnostic only in a subset of cases. Successful treatment of the underlying gastro-oesophageal pathology led to a complete or near-complete resolution of the neurological symptoms in all of the cases. Conclusion: It is evident from the literature that many patients with Sandifer syndrome were originally misdiagnosed with various neuropsychiatric diagnoses that led to unnecessary testing and ineffective medications with significant side effects. Earlier diagnosis of Sandifer’s would have allowed to avoid them.What is Known: • Sandifer syndrome is a rare complication of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) when a patient presents with extraoesophageal symptoms, typically neurological. • It may be difficult to recognise due to its non-specific presentation and lack of gastrointestinal symptoms. What is New: • Based on the review of 44 clinical cases of suspected Sandifer syndrome, the clinical picture was clarified: the presenting symptoms of Sandifer’s may include any combination of abnormal movements and/or positioning of head, neck, trunk and upper limbs, seizure-like episodes, ocular symptoms, irritability, developmental and growth delay and iron-deficiency anaemia. • Successful treatment of the underlying gastro-oesophageal pathology led to a complete or near-complete resolution of the neurological symptoms in all of the reviewed cases.
On Keller Theorem for Anisotropic Media
Creators: name: Fel, Leonid G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Keller theorem in the problem of effective conductivity in anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) many-component composites makes it possible to establish a simple inequality $σ_{\sf is}^e(σ^{-1}_i)\cdot σ_{\sf is}^e(σ_k)> 1$ for the isotropic part $σ_{\sf is}^e(σ_k)$ of the 2-nd rank symmetric tensor ${\widehat σ}_{i,j}^e$ of effective conductivity.
description: 1 page, 1 figure
Ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Creators: name: Maes, Mailis
name: Higginson, Ellen
name: Pereira-Dias, Joana
name: Curran, Martin D.
name: Parmar, Surendra
name: Khokhar, Fahad
name: Cuchet-Lourenço, Delphine
name: Lux, Janine
name: Sharma-Hajela, Sapna
name: Ravenhill, Benjamin
name: Hamed, Islam
name: Heales, Laura
name: Mahroof, Razeen
name: Solderholm, Amelia
name: Forrest, Sally
name: Sridhar, Sushmita
name: Brown, Nicholas M.
name: Baker, Stephen
name: Navapurkar, Vilas
name: Dougan, Gordon
name: Bartholdson Scott, Josefin
name: Conway Morris, Andrew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Nosocomial infections
Molecular diagnostics
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Critical care

description: Abstract: Background: Pandemic COVID-19 caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has a high incidence of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Many of these patients require admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for invasive ventilation and are at significant risk of developing a secondary, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Objectives: To study the incidence of VAP and bacterial lung microbiome composition of ventilated COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we compared the incidence of VAP and secondary infections using a combination of microbial culture and a TaqMan multi-pathogen array. In addition, we determined the lung microbiome composition using 16S RNA analysis in a subset of samples. The study involved 81 COVID-19 and 144 non-COVID-19 patients receiving invasive ventilation in a single University teaching hospital between March 15th 2020 and August 30th 2020. Results: COVID-19 patients were significantly more likely to develop VAP than patients without COVID (Cox proportional hazard ratio 2.01 95% CI 1.14–3.54, p = 0.0015) with an incidence density of 28/1000 ventilator days versus 13/1000 for patients without COVID (p = 0.009). Although the distribution of organisms causing VAP was similar between the two groups, and the pulmonary microbiome was similar, we identified 3 cases of invasive aspergillosis amongst the patients with COVID-19 but none in the non-COVID-19 cohort. Herpesvirade activation was also numerically more frequent amongst patients with COVID-19. Conclusion: COVID-19 is associated with an increased risk of VAP, which is not fully explained by the prolonged duration of ventilation. The pulmonary dysbiosis caused by COVID-19, and the causative organisms of secondary pneumonia observed are similar to that seen in critically ill patients ventilated for other reasons.
Ab initio analysis of magnetic properties of prototype B20 chiral magnet FeGe
Creators: name: Grytsiuk, S.
name: Hoffmann, M.
name: Hanke, J. -P.
name: Mavropoulos, P.
name: Mokrousov, Y.
name: Bihlmayer, G.
name: Blügel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FeGe in the B20 phase is an experimentally well-studied prototypical chiral magnet exhibiting helical spirals, skyrmion lattices and individual skyrmions with a robust length of 70~nm. While the helical spiral ground state can be verified by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, this feature size could not be reproduced even approximately. To develop a coherent picture of the discrepancy between experiment and theory, we investigate in this work the magnetic properties of FeGe from first-principles using different electronic-structure methods. We study atomistic as well as micromagnetic parameters describing exchange and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions, and discuss their subtle dependence on computational, structural, and correlation parameters. In particular, we quantify how these magnetic properties are affected by changes of the lattice parameter, different atomic arrangements, exchange and correlation effects, finite Fermi-function broadening, and momentum-space sampling. In addition, we use the obtained atomistic parameters to determine the corresponding Curie temperature, which agrees well with experiments. Our results indicate that the well-known and well-accepted relation between the micromagnetic parameters and the period of the helical structure, is not valid for FeGe. This calls for new experiments exploring the relation by measuring independently the spin stiffness, the spiralization and the period of the helical spin spiral.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Meixner functions and polynomials related to Lie algebra representations
Creators: name: Groenevelt, Wolter
name: Koelink, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The decomposition of the tensor product of a positive and a negative discrete series representation of the Lie algebra su(1,1) is a direct integral over the principal unitary series representations. In the decomposition discrete terms can occur, and the discrete terms are a finite number of discrete series representations or one complementary series representation. The interpretation of Meixner functions and polynomials as overlap coefficients in the four classes of representations and the Clebsch-Gordan decomposition, lead to a general bilinear generating function for the Meixner polynomials. Finally, realizing the positive and negative discrete series representations as operators on the spaces of holomorphic and anti-holomorphic functions respectively, a non-symmetric type Poisson kernel is found for the Meixner functions.
description: 20 pages
Supersymmetry-assisted high-fidelity ground state preparation of single neutral atom in an optical tweezer
Creators: name: Luo, Xi-Wang
name: Raizen, Mark G.
name: Zhang, Chuanwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arrays of neutral-atom qubits in optical tweezers are a promising platform for quantum computation. Despite experimental progress, a major roadblock for realizing neutral atom quantum computation is the qubit initialization. Here we propose that supersymmetry -- a theoretical framework developed in particle physics -- can be used for ultra-high fidelity initialization of neutral-atom qubits. We show that a single atom can be deterministically prepared in the vibrational ground state of an optical tweezer by adiabatically extracting all excited atoms to a supersymmetric auxiliary tweezer. The scheme works for both bosonic and fermionic atom qubits trapped in realistic Gaussian optical tweezers and may pave the way for realizing large scale quantum computation, simulation and information processing with neutral atoms.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Population history and ecology, in addition to climate, influence human stature and body proportions
Creators: name: Pomeroy, Emma
name: Stock, Jay T.
name: Wells, Jonathan C. K.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/181
/631/181/19
article

description: Funder: FP7 Ideas: European Research Council; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011199; Grant(s): n.617627
description: Abstract: Worldwide variation in human stature and limb proportions is widely accepted to reflect thermal adaptation, but the contribution of population history to this variation is unknown. Furthermore, stature and relative lower limb length (LLL) show substantial plastic responses to environmental stressors, e.g., nutrition, pathogen load, which covary with climate. Thus ecogeographic patterns may go beyond temperature-based selection. We analysed global variation in stature, sitting height and absolute and relative LLL using large worldwide samples of published anthropometric data from adult male (n = 571) and female (n = 268) populations in relation to temperature, humidity, and net primary productivity (NPP). Population history was modeled using spatial eigenvector mapping based on geographic distances reflecting the hypothesized pattern for the spread of modern humans out of Africa. Regression models account for ~ 50% of variation in most morphological variables. Population history explains slightly more variation in stature, sitting height and LLL than the environmental/climatic variables. After adjusting for population history, associations between (usually maximum) temperature and LLL are consistent with Allen's "rule" and may drive similar relationships with stature. NPP is a consistent negative predictor of anthropometry, which may reflect the growth-limiting effects of lower environmental resource accessibility (inversely related to NPP) and/or pathogen load.
Dispertio: Optimal Sampling for Safe Deterministic Sampling-Based Motion Planning
Creators: name: Palmieri, Luigi
name: Bruns, Leonard
name: Meurer, Michael
name: Arras, Kai Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A key challenge in robotics is the efficient generation of optimal robot motion with safety guarantees in cluttered environments. Recently, deterministic optimal sampling-based motion planners have been shown to achieve good performance towards this end, in particular in terms of planning efficiency, final solution cost, quality guarantees as well as non-probabilistic completeness. Yet their application is still limited to relatively simple systems (i.e., linear, holonomic, Euclidean state spaces). In this work, we extend this technique to the class of symmetric and optimal driftless systems by presenting Dispertio, an offline dispersion optimization technique for computing sampling sets, aware of differential constraints, for sampling-based robot motion planning. We prove that the approach, when combined with PRM*, is deterministically complete and retains asymptotic optimality. Furthermore, in our experiments we show that the proposed deterministic sampling technique outperforms several baselines and alternative methods in terms of planning efficiency and solution cost.
Additional file 1 of Molecular alterations and clinical prognostic factors in resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Creators: name: Thamrongjirapat, T.
name: Muntham, D.
name: Incharoen, P.
name: Trachu, N.
name: Sae-Lim, P.
name: Sarachai, N.
name: Khiewngam, K.
name: Monnamo, N.
name: Kantathut, N.
name: Ngodngamthaweesuk, M.
name: Ativitavas, T.
name: Chansriwong, P.
name: Nitiwarangkul, C.
name: Ruangkanchanasetr, R.
name: Kositwattanarerk, A.
name: Sirachainan, E.
name: Dejthevaporn, T.
name: Reungwetwattana, T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplement figure 1. ROC curve of predictive score of overall population. Supplement figure 2. ROC curve of predictive score of EGFRm cohort.
MOESM1 of The innervation of the male copulatory organ of spiders (Araneae) – a comparative analysis
Creators: name: Dederichs, Tim
name: Müller, Carsten
name: Sentenská, Lenka
name: Lipke, Elisabeth
name: Uhl, Gabriele
name: Michalik, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Appendix – Voucher Data (DOCX 15 kb)
No evidence for basigin/CD147 as a direct SARS-CoV-2 spike binding receptor
Creators: name: Shilts, Jarrod
name: Crozier, Thomas W. M.
name: Greenwood, Edward J. D.
name: Lehner, Paul J.
name: Wright, Gavin J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/45/612/1256
/692/420/254
article

description: Abstract: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is known to enable viral invasion into human cells through direct binding to host receptors including ACE2. An alternate entry receptor for the virus was recently proposed to be basigin/CD147. These early studies have already prompted a clinical trial and multiple published hypotheses speculating on the role of this host receptor in viral infection and pathogenesis. Here, we report that we are unable to find evidence supporting the role of basigin as a putative spike binding receptor. Recombinant forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike do not interact with basigin expressed on the surface of human cells, and by using specialized assays tailored to detect receptor interactions as weak or weaker than the proposed basigin-spike binding, we report no evidence for a direct interaction between the viral spike protein to either of the two common isoforms of basigin. Finally, removing basigin from the surface of human lung epithelial cells by CRISPR/Cas9 results in no change in their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the pressing need for clarity on which viral targets may lead to promising therapeutics, we present these findings to allow more informed decisions about the translational relevance of this putative mechanism in the race to understand and treat COVID-19.
Symmetry-protected topological phases in two-leg SU(N) spin ladder with unequal spins
Creators: name: Capponi, Sylvain
name: Fromholz, Pierre
name: Lecheminant, Philippe
name: Totsuka, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral Haldane phases are examples of one-dimensional topological states of matter which are protected by projective SU($N$) group (or its subgroup $\mathbb{Z}_N \times \mathbb{Z}_N$) with $N>2$. The unique feature of these symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases is that they are accompanied by inversion-symmetry breaking and the emergence of different left and right edge states which transform, for instance, respectively in the fundamental ($\boldsymbol{N}$) and anti-fundamental ($\overline{\boldsymbol{N}}$) representations of SU($N$). We show, by means of complementary analytical and numerical approaches, that these chiral SPT phases as well as the non-chiral ones are realized as the ground states of a generalized two-leg SU($N$) spin ladder in which the spins in the first chain transform in $\boldsymbol{N}$ and the second in $\overline{\boldsymbol{N}}$. In particular, we map out the phase diagram for $N=3$ and $4$ to show that {\em all} the possible symmetry-protected topological phases with projective SU($N$)-symmetry appear in this simple ladder model.
description: 21 pages
Pigeonpea in Mozambique: An Emerging Success Story of Crop Expansion in Smallholder Agriculture
Creators: name: Walker, Tom
name: Silim, Said
name: Cunguara, Benedito
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Rao, P. Parthasarathy
name: Amane, Manuel
name: Walker, Tom
name: Silim, Said
name: Cunguara, Benedito
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Rao, P. Parthasarathy
name: Amane, Manuel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: We document the rapid emergence of pigeonpea as a smallholder export crop in Mozambique and discuss implications of pigeonpea’s expansion in this study. An analysis of seven years of nationally and provincially representative rural survey data from 2002 to 2012 and an assessment of pulse production and consumption in India gave the following major results:
The mineralocorticoid receptor leads to increased expression of EGFR and T-type calcium channels that support HL-1 cell hypertrophy
Creators: name: Stroedecke, Katharina
name: Meinel, Sandra
name: Markwardt, Fritz
name: Kloeckner, Udo
name: Straetz, Nicole
name: Quarch, Katja
name: Schreier, Barbara
name: Kopf, Michael
name: Gekle, Michael
name: Grossmann, Claudia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 612

description: The EGF receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in tumor biology and recently a role in cardiovascular pathophysiology was suggested. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is an important effector of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system and elicits pathophysiological effects in the cardiovascular system; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Our aim was to investigate the importance of EGFR for MR-mediated cardiovascular pathophysiology because MR is known to induce EGFR expression. We identified a SNP within the EGFR promoter that modulates MR-induced EGFR expression. In RNA-sequencing and qPCR experiments in heart tissue of EGFR KO and WT mice, changes in EGFR abundance led to differential expression of cardiac ion channels, especially of the T-type calcium channel CACNA1H. Accordingly, CACNA1H expression was increased in WT mice after in vivo MR activation by aldosterone but not in respective EGFR KO mice. Aldosterone- and EGF-responsiveness of CACNA1H expression was confirmed in HL-1 cells by Western blot and by measuring peak current density of T-type calcium channels. Aldosterone-induced CACNA1H protein expression could be abrogated by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478. Furthermore, inhibition of T-type calcium channels with mibefradil or ML218 reduced diameter, volume and BNP levels in HL-1 cells. In conclusion the MR regulates EGFR and CACNA1H expression, which has an effect on HL-1 cell diameter, and the extent of this regulation seems to depend on the SNP-216 (G/T) genotype. This suggests that the EGFR may be an intermediate for MR-mediated cardiovascular changes and that SNP analysis can help identify subgroups of patients that will benefit most from MR antagonists.
MOESM1 of Efficacy and cost-utility of the eHealth application â Oncokompasâ , supporting patients with incurable cancer in finding optimal palliative care, tailored to their quality of life and personal preferences: a study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Schuit, Anouk
name: Holtmaat, Karen
name: Hooghiemstra, Nienke
name: Jansen, Femke
name: Lissenberg-Witte, Birgit
name: CoupĂŠ, Veerle
name: Linde, Myra
name: Becker-Commissaris, Annemarie
name: Reijneveld, Jaap
name: JosĂŠe Zijlstra
name: Sommeijer, Dirkje
name: Eerenstein, Simone
name: Leeuw, Irma Verdonck-De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist.
Vertical and Diagonal Stripes in the Extended Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Raczkowski, M.
name: Normand, B.
name: Oles, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend previous real-space Hartree-Fock studies of static stripe stability to determine the phase diagram of the Hubbard model with anisotropic nearest-neighbor hopping t, by varying the on-site Coulomb repulsion U and investigating locally stable structures for representative hole doping levels x=1/8 and x=1/6. We also report the changes in stability of these stripes in the extended Hubbard model due to next-neighbor hopping t' and to a nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction V.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Microscopic models for fractionalized phases in strongly correlated systems
Creators: name: Senthil, T.
name: Motrunich, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct explicit examples of microscopic models that stabilize a variety of fractionalized phases of strongly correlated systems in spatial dimension bigger than one, and in zero external magnetic field. These include models of charge fractionalization in boson-only systems, and various kinds of spin-charge separation in electronic systems. We determine the excitation spectrum and show the consistency with that expected from field theoretic descriptions of fractionalization. Our results are further substantiated by direct numerical calculation of the phase diagram of one of the models.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Point vortices on the sphere: a case with opposite vorticities
Creators: name: Laurent-Polz, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58Z05; 70H14; 70H33

description: We study systems formed of 2N point vortices on a sphere with N vortices of strength +1 and N vortices of strength -1. In this case, the Hamiltonian is conserved by the symmetry which exchanges the positive vortices with the negative vortices. We prove the existence of some fixed and relative equilibria, and then study their stability with the ``Energy Momentum Method''. Most of the results obtained are nonlinear stability results. To end, some bifurcations are described.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures
Genomic Steppe ancestry in skeletons from the Neolithic Single Grave Culture in Denmark
Creators: name: Egfjord, Anne Friis-Holm
name: Margaryan, Ashot
name: Fischer, Anders
name: Sjögren, Karl-Göran
name: Price, T. Douglas
name: Johannsen, Niels N.
name: Nielsen, Poul Otto
name: Sørensen, Lasse
name: Willerslev, Eske
name: Iversen, Rune
name: Sikora, Martin
name: Kristiansen, Kristian
name: Allentoft, Morten E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Earth sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: People and places
subject: Biology and life sciences

description: The Gjerrild burial provides the largest and best-preserved assemblage of human skeletal material presently known from the Single Grave Culture (SGC) in Denmark. For generations it has been debated among archaeologists if the appearance of this archaeological complex represents a continuation of the previous Neolithic communities, or was facilitated by incoming migrants. We sampled and analysed five skeletons from the Gjerrild cist, buried over a period of c. 300 years, 2600/2500–2200 cal BCE. Despite poor DNA preservation, we managed to sequence the genome (>1X) of one individual and the partial genomes (0.007X and 0.02X) of another two individuals. Our genetic data document a female (Gjerrild 1) and two males (Gjerrild 5 + 8), harbouring typical Neolithic K2a and HV0 mtDNA haplogroups, but also a rare basal variant of the R1b1 Y-chromosomal haplogroup. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate that these people had a significant Yamnaya-derived (i.e. steppe) ancestry component and a close genetic resemblance to the Corded Ware (and related) groups that were present in large parts of Northern and Central Europe at the time. Assuming that the Gjerrild skeletons are genetically representative of the population of the SGC in broader terms, the transition from the local Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB) to SGC is not characterized by demographic continuity. Rather, the emergence of SGC in Denmark was part of the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age population expansion that swept across the European continent in the 3rd millennium BCE, resulting in various degrees of genetic replacement and admixture processes with previous Neolithic populations.
Gender differential Impact of NERICA adoption on Total Factor Productivity: evidence from Benin Republic
Creators: name: Lokossou, Jourdain
name: Arouna, Aminou
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Biaou, Gauthier
name: Lokossou, Jourdain
name: Arouna, Aminou
name: Diagne, Aliou
name: Biaou, Gauthier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Impact assessment
subject: NERICA Rice adoption
subject: Total Factor Productivity
subject: Gender
subject: Benin

description: This study examines the relationship between adoption of NERICA varieties and the Total Factor Productivity among men and women. Data were collected from 342 rice farmers randomly selected in the central and northwest Benin. Total Factor Productivity was estimated using a Cobb-Douglass production function. The impact was estimated using the Local Average Treatment Effect. Results show that the adoption of NERICA variety improves Total Factor Productivity of potential adopters and it benefits men and women differently. Potential women adopters got a higher gain on their Total Factor Productivity than men. This finding suggests that targeting women with NERICA increase significantly rice productivity more than the case where men are targeted.
Additional file 1: of Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and worldwide burden: an ecological analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Creators: name: Abolfazl Avan
name: Digaleh, Hadi
name: Napoli, Mario Di
name: Stranges, Saverio
name: Behrouz, Reza
name: Shojaeianbabaei, Golnaz
name: Amiri, Amin
name: Tabrizi, Reza
name: Mokhber, Naghmeh
name: J. Spence
name: Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Text S1. Definition of Socioeconomic status; Data gathering and search strategy; Study selection, data extraction, and analysis; Supplements to sections on various risk factors. (DOCX 40â kb)
Viral vectors used for VIGS and their applications in studies of plants.
Creators: name: Gongyao Shi
name: Mengyuan Hao
name: Baoming Tian
name: Gangqiang Cao
name: Wei, Fang
name: Zhengqing Xie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: This table is the supplementary material to the article "A Methodological Advance of Tobacco Rattle Virus-Induced Gene Silencing for Functional Genomics in Plants" on Frontiers in Plant Science.
Can we run to infinity? The diameter of the diffeomorphism group with respect to right-invariant Sobolev metrics
Creators: name: Bauer, Martin
name: Maor, Cy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58D05, 58B20

description: The group $\text{Diff}(\mathcal{M})$ of diffeomorphisms of a closed manifold $\mathcal{M}$ is naturally equipped with various right-invariant Sobolev norms $W^{s,p}$. Recent work showed that for sufficiently weak norms, the geodesic distance collapses completely (namely, when $sp\le \text{dim}\mathcal{M}$ and $s<1$). But when there is no collapse, what kind of metric space is obtained? In particular, does it have a finite or infinite diameter? This is the question we study in this paper. We show that the diameter is infinite for strong enough norms, when $(s-1)p\ge \text{dim}\mathcal{M}$, and that for spheres the diameter is finite when $(s-1)p<1$. In particular, this gives a full characterization of the diameter of $\text{Diff}(S^1)$. In addition, we show that for $\text{Diff}_c(\mathbb{R}^n)$, if the diameter is not zero, it is infinite.
description: v2: some minor changes in presentation, no mathematical changes. v3: a few typos fixed
Te covered Si(001): a variable surface reconstruction
Creators: name: Sen, Prasenjit
name: Ciraci, S.
name: Batra, Inder P.
name: Grein, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At a given temperature, clean and adatom covered silicon surfaces usually exhibit well-defined reconstruction patterns. Our finite temperature ab-initio molecular dynamics calculations show that the tellurium covered Si(001) surface is an exception. Soft longitudinal modes of surface phonons due to the strongly anharmonic potential of the bridged tellurium atoms prevent the reconstruction structure from attaining any permanent, two dimensional periodic geometry. This explains why experiments attempting to find a definite model for the reconstruction have reached conflicting conclusions.
description: 4 pages, 3 gif figures
Can Understanding Indonesian Farmers’ Preferences for Crop Attributes Encourage their Adoption of High Value Crops?
Creators: name: Suprehatin, By
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Yi, Dale
name: Stringer, Randy
name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Suprehatin, By
name: Umberger, Wendy J.
name: Yi, Dale
name: Stringer, Randy
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Development

description: The main objective of this study is to provide insight on how Indonesian farmer preferences for crop attributes influence their adoption decisions. Results from a Latent Class (LC) cluster analysis, using the individual scores for each of the Best-Worst (BW) scaling attributes, indicate there are four clusters of farmers, each distinct in their relative preferences for crop attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. The multinomial endogenous treatment regressions show that preference cluster effect varies across models. For the binary adoption model, we find an insignificant preference cluster effect. We find a significant preference cluster effect both for the intensity of adoption and the timing of adoption models. The effects of farmers’ crop preference cluster, however, are different across those models. The findings allow more targeted programming to encourage farmers to adopt high-value crops that have a high probability of offering benefits for farmers.
Blockage-aware Reliable mmWave Access via Coordinated Multi-point Connectivity
Creators: name: Kumar, Dileep
name: Kaleva, Jarkko
name: Tölli, Antti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The fundamental challenge of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band is the sensitivity of the radio channel to blockages, which gives rise to unstable connectivity and impacts the reliability of a system. To this end, multi-point connectivity is a promising approach for ensuring the desired rate and reliability requirements. A robust beamformer design is proposed to improve the communication reliability by exploiting the spatial macro-diversity and a pessimistic estimate of rates over potential link blockage combinations. Specifically, we provide a blockage-aware algorithm for the weighted sum-rate maximization (WSRM) problem with parallel beamformer processing across distributed remote radio units (RRUs). Combinations of non-convex and coupled constraints are handled via successive convex approximation (SCA) framework, which admits a closed-form solution for each SCA step, by solving a system of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. Unlike the conventional coordinated multi-point (CoMP) schemes, the proposed blockage-aware beamformer design has, per-iteration, computational complexity in the order of RRU antennas instead of system-wide joint transmit antennas. This leads to a practical and computationally efficient implementation that is scalable to any arbitrary multi-point configuration. In the presence of random blockages, the proposed schemes are shown to significantly outperform baseline scenarios and result in reliable mmWave communication.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Is weak temperature dependence of electron dephasing possible?
Creators: name: Afonin, V. V.
name: Bergli, J.
name: Galperin, Y. M.
name: Gurevich, V. L.
name: Kozub, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first-principle theory of electron dephasing by disorder-induced two state fluctuators is developed. There exist two mechanisms of dephasing. First, dephasing occurs due to direct transitions between the defect levels caused by inelastic electron-defect scattering. The second mechanism is due to violation of the time reversal symmetry caused by time-dependent fluctuations of the scattering potential. These fluctuations originate from an interaction between the dynamic defects and conduction electrons forming a thermal bath. The first contribution to the dephasing rate saturates as temperature decreases. The second contribution does not saturate, although its temperature dependence is rather weak, $\propto T^{1/3}$. The quantitative estimates based on the experimental data show that these mechanisms considered can explain the weak temperature dependence of the dephasing rate in some temperature interval. However, below some temperature dependent on the model of dynamic defects the dephasing rate tends rapidly to zero. The relation to earlier studies of the dephasing caused by the dynamical defects is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRB
DMP_multispectral imaging flow cytometry for assessment of microplastic particles
Creators: name: Böke, Julia Sophie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Development and application of multispectral imaging flow cytometry for assessment of microplastic particles. The project aims to develop and apply multispectral imaging flow cytometry (mIFC) to assess microplastic particles in a size range between 2 and 40 μm based on their geometrical and colorimetric properties. The measurement is performed utilizing mIFC as a high-throughput method. Therefore, a custom mIFC system equipped with a multispectral imaging detector will be developed and utilized within the PhD study. Different plastic materials exhibit different affinities to dye molecules (lipophilic, hydrophilic, cationic, anionic dyes). This will be used to discriminate microplastic materials based on the chemometric analysis of the incorporated dye molecules. The number and size of microplastic particles will be detected as well to determine their content. Combined with appropriate separation and enrichment methods, mIFC can assess microplastics from various matrices such as seawater, sediments, food, drinks, plants and tissues.