cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The chronicles of the East India company, trading to China 1635-1834. Vol., II
Creators: name: Morse, Hosea Ballou, 1855-1934
Publisher: name: Oxford : Clarendon Press
Year: 2018

description: "Vo1.2, chapters 42 and 46 contain material on the economic aspects of the fur trade."-- Strathern, G. M., & Edwards, M. H. (1970). Navigations, traffiques & discoveries, 1774-1848: A guide to publications relating to the area now British Columbia. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 209
Additional file 1 of Cumulative residual cholesterol predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease in the general population aged 45 years and older
Creators: name: Zhao, Mengjie
name: Xiao, Mengli
name: Tan, Qin
name: Ji, Jinjin
name: Lu, Fang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
The chronicles of the East India company trading to China 1635-1834 Vol. III
Creators: name: Morse, Hosea Ballou, 1855-1934
Publisher: name: Oxford : Clarendon Press
Year: 2018

description: "Vo1.2, chapters 42 and 46 contain material on the economic aspects of the fur trade."-- Strathern, G. M., & Edwards, M. H. (1970). Navigations, traffiques & discoveries, 1774-1848: A guide to publications relating to the area now British Columbia. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 209
Quantum Group Invariant Integrable n-State Vertex Models with Periodic Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Karowski, M.
name: Zapletal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: An $U_q(sl(n))$ invariant transfer matrix with periodic boundary conditions is analysed by means of the algebraic nested Bethe ansatz for the case of $q$ being a root of unity. The transfer matrix corresponds to a 2-dimensional vertex model on a torus with topological interaction w.r.t. the 3-dimensional interior of the torus. By means of finite size analysis we find the central charge of the corresponding Virasoro algebra as $c=(n-1) \left[1-n(n+1)/(r(r-1))\right] $.
description: 19 pages
Surface Edge Explorer (SEE): Planning Next Best Views Directly from 3D Observations
Creators: name: Border, Rowan
name: Gammell, Jonathan D.
name: Newman, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Surveying 3D scenes is a common task in robotics. Systems can do so autonomously by iteratively obtaining measurements. This process of planning observations to improve the model of a scene is called Next Best View (NBV) planning. NBV planning approaches often use either volumetric (e.g., voxel grids) or surface (e.g., triangulated meshes) representations. Volumetric approaches generalise well between scenes as they do not depend on surface geometry but do not scale to high-resolution models of large scenes. Surface representations can obtain high-resolution models at any scale but often require tuning of unintuitive parameters or multiple survey stages. This paper presents a scene-model-free NBV planning approach with a density representation. The Surface Edge Explorer (SEE) uses the density of current measurements to detect and explore observed surface boundaries. This approach is shown experimentally to provide better surface coverage in lower computation time than the evaluated state-of-the-art volumetric approaches while moving equivalent distances.
Crystal engineering of a chiral crystalline sponge that enables absolute structure determination and enantiomeric separation
Creators: name: Chenghua, Deng
name: Song, Bai-Qiao
name: Lusi, Matteo
name: Bezrukov, Andrey
name: M. Haskins, Molly
name: Gao, Mei-Yan
name: Peng, Yun-Lei
name: Ma, Jian-Gong
name: Cheng, Peng
name: Mukherjee, Soumya
name: ZAWOROTKO, MICHAEL
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Chiral metal−organic materials (CMOMs), can offer molecular binding sites that mimic the enantioselectivity exhibited by biomolecules and are amenable to systematic fine-tuning of structure and properties. Herein, we report that the reaction of Ni(NO3)2, S-indoline-2-carboxylic acid (S-IDECH), and 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) afforded a homochiral cationic diamondoid, dia, network, [Ni(S-IDEC)(bipy)(H2O)][NO3], CMOM-5. Composed of rod building blocks (RBBs) cross-linked by bipy linkers, the activated form of CMOM-5 adapted its pore structure to bind four guest molecules, 1-phenyl-1-butanol (1P1B), 4-phenyl-2-butanol (4P2B), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (MPE), and methyl mandelate (MM), making it an example of a chiral crystalline sponge (CCS). Chiral resolution experiments revealed enantiomeric excess, ee, values of 36.2−93.5%. The structural adaptability of CMOM-5 enabled eight enantiomer@CMOM-5 crystal structures to be determined. The five ordered crystal structures revealed that host−guest hydrogen-bonding interactions are behind the observed enantioselectivity, three of which represent the first crystal structures determined of the ambient liquids R-4P2B, S-4P2B, and R-MPE.
Lower error bounds for the stochastic gradient descent optimization algorithm: Sharp convergence rates for slowly and fast decaying learning rates
Creators: name: Jentzen, Arnulf
name: von Wurstemberger, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization algorithm plays a central role in a series of machine learning applications. The scientific literature provides a vast amount of upper error bounds for the SGD method. Much less attention as been paid to proving lower error bounds for the SGD method. It is the key contribution of this paper to make a step in this direction. More precisely, in this article we establish for every $γ, ν\in (0,\infty)$ essentially matching lower and upper bounds for the mean square error of the SGD process with learning rates $(\fracγ{n^ν})_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ associated to a simple quadratic stochastic optimization problem. This allows us to precisely quantify the mean square convergence rate of the SGD method in dependence on the asymptotic behavior of the learning rates.
description: 42 pages
Calculation and Interpretation of Hadron Correlation Functions in Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Negele, J. W.
name: Burkardt, M.
name: Grandy, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several new developments in the calculation and interpretation of hadron density-density correlation functions are presented. The asymptotic behavior of correlation functions is determined from a tree diagram path integral. A method is developed to use this behavior to correct for leading image contributions on a finite periodic spatial lattice and to correct for the finite temporal extent of the lattice. Equal time correlation functions are shown to determine a sum of the ground state rms radius plus a polarization correction, and it is shown how to extract the hadron polarizability from unequal time correlation functions. Image-corrected correlation functions calculated in quenched lattice QCD are presented and used to determine the size of the pion and nucleon.
description: 39 pages with 9 figures, TeX, MIT-CTP-2109
Museum notes. Vol. I
Creators: name: Art, Historical
Publisher: name: Vancouver : Evans & Hastings
Year: 2018

description: "quarterly (irregular) Vol. 1-8, 1926-35. Suspended between October 1935 and August 1949. Vo!. 1-2, September 1949-April 1952. Title varies: v. 1-3 (1926-28) as Museum notes. Table of contents. Short articles deal with such diverse topics as Vancouver's cultural life, early B.C. postage stamps, pioneer ranching, transportation, B.C. Indians, etc."-- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 184.
Simple derivation of the $(- λH)^{5/2}$ tail for the 1D KPZ equation
Creators: name: Krajenbrink, Alexandre
name: Doussal, Pierre Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the long-time regime of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation in $1+1$ dimensions for the Brownian and droplet initial conditions and present a simple derivation of the tail of the large deviations of the height on the negative side $λH<0$. We show that for both initial conditions, the cumulative distribution functions take a large deviations form, with a tail for $- \tilde s \gg 1$ given by $-\log \mathbb{P}\left(\frac{H}{t}
description: 35 pages, 2 figures
Report to the Council of the Municipality of Point Grey, British Columbia on closer union of Point Grey with government authority over Greater Vancouver (commonly called the Amalgamation Question) : being an examination of what is involved in the surrender of local autonomy and how far such surrender is necessary for the common good of the wider community
Creators: name: Beckett, S. E.
Publisher: name: [place of publication unknown] : Corporation of Point Grey
Year: 2019

description: "Cover title."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 17.
Supplementary material from Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018
Creators: name: Graf, Alexander
name: Klosterhalfen, Anne
name: Arriga, Nicola
name: Bernhofer, Christian
name: Bogena, Heye
name: Bornet, Frédéric
name: Brüggemann, Nicolas
name: Brümmer, Christian
name: Buchmann, Nina
name: Jinshu Chi
name: Chipeaux, Christophe
name: Cremonese, Edoardo
name: Cuntz, Matthias
name: Jiří Dušek
name: El-Madany, Tarek S.
name: Fares, Silvano
name: Fischer, Milan
name: Foltýnová, Lenka
name: Gharun, Mana
name: Ghiasi, Shiva
name: Gielen, Bert
name: Gottschalk, Pia
name: Grünwald, Thomas
name: Heinemann, Günther
name: Heinesch, Bernard
name: Heliasz, Michal
name: Holst, Jutta
name: Hörtnagl, Lukas
name: Ibrom, Andreas
name: Ingwersen, Joachim
name: Jurasinski, Gerald
name: Klatt, Janina
name: Knohl, Alexander
name: Koebsch, Franziska
name: Konopka, Jan
name: Korkiakoski, Mika
name: Kowalska, Natalia
name: Kremer, Pascal
name: Kruijt, Bart
name: Lafont, Sebastien
name: Léonard, Joël
name: Ligne, Anne De
name: Longdoz, Bernard
name: Loustau, Denis
name: Magliulo, Vincenzo
name: Mammarella, Ivan
name: Manca, Giovanni
name: Mauder, Matthias
name: Migliavacca, Mirco
name: Mölder, Meelis
name: Neirynck, Johan
name: Ney, Patrizia
name: Nilsson, Mats
name: Paul-Limoges, Eugénie
name: Peichl, Matthias
name: Pitacco, Andrea
name: Poyda, Arne
name: Rebmann, Corinna
name: Roland, Marilyn
name: Sachs, Torsten
name: Schmidt, Marius
name: Schrader, Frederik
name: Siebicke, Lukas
name: Šigut, Ladislav
name: Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
name: Varlagin, Andrej
name: Vendrame, Nadia
name: Vincke, Caroline
name: Völksch, Ingo
name: Weber, Stephan
name: Wille, Christian
name: Hans-Dieter Wizemann
name: Zeeman, Matthias
name: Vereecken, Harry
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Data processing methods; Energy balance closure; Intra-annual temporal dynamics of ET; Tables S1-S2; Figures S1-S2
First-principles simulations for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy based on time-dependent density functional theory
Creators: name: Sato, Shunsuke A.
name: Hübener, Hannes
name: Rubio, Angel
name: De Giovannini, Umberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a first-principles simulation method for attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. This method enables us to directly simulate the whole experimental processes, including excitation, emission and detection on equal footing. To examine the performance of the method, we use it to compute the reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions (RABBITT) experiments of gas-phase Argon. The computed RABBITT photoionization delay is in very good agreement with recent experimental results from [Klünder et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 143002 (2011)] and [Guénot et al, Phys. Rev. A 85 053424 (2012)]. This indicates the significance of a fully-consistent theoretical treatment of the whole measurement process to properly describe experimental observables in attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. The present framework opens the path to unravel the microscopic processes underlying RABBITT spectra in more complex materials and nanostructures.
Metalliferous mining in the Alice Arm district, British Columbia
Creators: name: British Columbia Chamber Of Mines
Publisher: name: Alice Arm : Alice Arm Branch, British Columbia Chamber of Mines
Year: 2019

description: "Cover title. Includes review of various mines of the Alice Arm District of the Nass River Mining Division."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 28.
title: Calculation of risk costs in construction projects
title: empirical analysis of construction risks applying the Monte Carlo method
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Brokbals, Stefanie
name: Wapelhorst, Vincent
name: Čadež, Ivan
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Construction risks
subject: Cost estimation
subject: Monte Carlo method
subject: Risk costs
subject: Risk management
subject: 690
subject: Bauvorhaben
subject: Risikomanagement
subject: Risikokosten
subject: Monte-Carlo-Simulation

description: As early as 1971, Schubert made a first contribution to the consideration of risks during the execution of construction projects. In addition to that, he was first to introduce elements of the risk management process to the construction management literature in Germany. By the use of an empirical study of the probability of risk occurrence and the cost amount by risk occurrence, Schubert made among others a statement about the importance of the risks depending on the amount of the risk costs. In an updated study for building construction projects with construction costs ≤2.5 million € and unit price contracts applying the VOB/B primarily the altered risk evaluations are shown; it needs to be emphasized that the sum of the determined risk costs corresponds to Schubert's results. Furthermore, with a variation of the characteristic attributes (response options) of the probability of risk occurrence and the cost amount by risk occurrence, it can be displayed that the risk costs during the execution of building construction projects are even considerably higher. Additionally, a probabilistic risk cost calculation — applying the Monte Carlo method — is used to reveal the bandwidth of risk costs. It can be pointed out that the risk costs range between 2.71% and 8.67% of the construction costs. The results could serve as a benchmark for contractors during the tender calculation to determine the amount of risk costs depending for example, on the market situation, the company-specific risk disposition as well as strategic considerations.
description: Civil engineering design;Vol. 1. 2019, issue 3-4, pp 120-128
VALIDATION METHOD OF FUZZY ASSOCIATION RULES BASED ON FUZZY FORMAL CONCEPT ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL
Creators: name: Imen Mguiris
name: Amdouni, Hamida
name: Gammoudi, Mohamed Mohsen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80108 Neural, Evolutionary and Fuzzy Computation
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to treat and analyze real datasets, fuzzy association rules have been proposed. Several algorithms have been introduced to extract these rules. However, these algorithms suffer from the problems of utility, redundancy and large number of extracted fuzzy association rules. The expert will then be confronted with this huge amount of fuzzy association rules. The task of validation becomes fastidious. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new validation method. Our method is based on three steps. (i) We extract a generic base of non redundant fuzzy association rules by applying EFAR-PN algorithm based on fuzzy formal concept analysis. (ii) we categorize extracted rules into groups and (iii) we evaluate the relevance of these rules using structural equation model.
New relations for two-dimensional Hermite polynomials
Creators: name: Dodonov, V. V.
name: Man'ko, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The effective formulas reducing the two-dimensional Hermite polynomials to the classical (one-dimensional) orthogonal polynomials are given. New one-parameter generating functions for these polynomials are derived. Asymptotical formulas for large values of indices are found. The applications to the squeezed one-mode states and to the time-dependent quantum harmonic oscillator are considered.
description: 17 pages
Technical note: Accuracy of MTF measurements with an edge phantom at megavoltage x-ray energies
Creators: name: Loot, Katharina
name: Block, Andreas
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Edge method
subject: Megavoltage (MV) x-ray imaging
subject: Modulation transfer function (MTF)
subject: Portal imaging
subject: Radiotherapy
subject: 530
subject: Strahlentherapie
subject: Bildqualität
subject: Modulationsübertragungsfunktion
subject: Monte-Carlo-Simulation

description: Purpose: Measurement of the modulation transfer function (MTF) is performed by evaluating the response of an imaging system to a predefined input. To obtain accurate results when using an edge phantom, the detector input signal must resemble an ideal step function. The MTF of megavoltage (MV) imagers used in radiotherapy has been measured with highly absorbing edge phantoms fabricated from thick metal blocks. This study investigates the influence of the edge phantom design on the accuracy of the resulting MTF. Methods: The MTF of an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) was measured at 6 MV beam quality with four edge phantoms made of lead with 1.3, 3.3, 5.0, and 10.0 cm thickness. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out for these and a selection of tungsten phantoms to determine the photon fluence at the imaging plane and quantify the systematic error in the MTF introduced by the edge phantom design. Results: The measured MTF depends on the design of the edge phantom. The detector input signal of a thin phantom is affected by secondary radiation from the phantom itself, causing an overestimation of the MTF. The amount of secondary radiation can be reduced by increasing the phantom thickness or introducing an air gap between the phantom and the detector. Both methods introduce geometric unsharpness, which can result in an underestimation of the true MTF. Edge phantoms made from 4.0 cm thick tungsten or 5.0 cm thick lead induce comparatively small systematic errors of below 3% or 5%, respectively. Conclusions: When MTF measurements are conducted at MV energies, even a highly absorbing edge phantom will introduce a systematic error of several percent. Direct comparison of MTFs obtained with different edge phantoms should therefore be treated with caution.
description: Medical physics;Vol. 46, 2019, Issue12, pp 5685-5689
Twenty nine years of public service
Creators: name: British Columbia Electric Railway Company
Publisher: name: [Vancouver] : [British Columbia Electric Railway Company]
Year: 2019

description: "A history of the company."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 31.
Additional file 1 of MD2 contributes to the pathogenesis of perioperative neurocognitive disorder via the regulation of α5GABAA receptors in aged mice
Creators: name: Zuo, Wenqiang
name: Zhao, Jianshuai
name: Zhang, Jinming
name: Fang, Zongping
name: Deng, Jiao
name: Fan, Ze
name: Guo, Yaru
name: Han, Jing
name: Hou, Wugang
name: Dong, Hailong
name: Xu, Feifei
name: Xiong, Lize
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. Co-immunoprecipitation of MD2 and α5GABAARs.
Gauge Formulation of the Spinning Black Hole in (2+1)-Dimensional Anti-de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Cangemi, Daniel
name: Leblanc, Martin
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the group element of SO(2,2) associated with the spinning black hole found by Bañados, Teitelboim and Zanelli in (2+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space-time. We show that their metric is built with SO(2,2) gauge invariant quantities and satisfies Einstein's equations with negative cosmological constant everywhere except at $r=0$. Moreover, although the metric is singular on the horizons, the group element is continuous and possesses a kink there.
description: 10 pages
Helicobacter pylori infection is not associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: LE Bartels
name: AB Pedersen
name: NR Kristensen
name: P Jepsen
name: H Vilstrup
name: K Stengaard-Pedersen
name: JF Dahlerup
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers, which include infectious agents. Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that frequently colonizes the stomach, is associated with the development of certain autoinflammatory disorders. This study examined a possible association between H. pylori infection and RA. Method: This cohort study was performed in the Central Denmark Region. Patients were enrolled from primary healthcare centres after a urea breath test (UBT) for H. pylori and followed for a median of 8 years. Nationwide administrative registries provided information about the patients’ diagnoses, country of birth, and gender. Comorbidity was determined using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. We compared the prevalence of RA via odds ratios (ORs) and incidences using Cox regression to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) by comparing H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative individuals and adjusting for confounding variables. Results: A total of 56 000 people diagnosed as H. pylori positive or negative had similar rates of comorbidity. No link was found between H. pylori and RA. There was no difference in RA prevalence until time of UBT [OR = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–1.19)] or incidence of new RA cases after UBT (HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.56–1.13) between H. pylori-positive and -negative subjects. Validation via four other RA definitions provided similar results. Conclusion: This study found no association between H. pylori infection and RA. This result does not support the involvement of H. pylori in a gut–joint axis of importance for RA development.
Imaging the zigzag Wigner crystal in confinement-tunable quantum wires
Creators: name: Ho, Sheng-Chin
name: Chang, Heng-Jian
name: Chang, Chia-Hua
name: Lo, Shun-Tsung
name: Creeth, Graham
name: Kumar, Sanjeev
name: Farrer, Ian
name: Ritchie, David
name: Griffiths, Jonathan
name: Jones, Geraint
name: Pepper, Michael
name: Chen, Tse-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of Wigner crystallization, one of the most significant hallmarks of strong electron correlations, has to date only been definitively observed in two-dimensional systems. In one-dimensional (1D) quantum wires Wigner crystals correspond to regularly spaced electrons; however, weakening the confinement and allowing the electrons to relax in a second dimension is predicted to lead to the formation of a new ground state constituting a zigzag chain with nontrivial spin phases and properties. Here we report the observation of such zigzag Wigner crystals by use of on-chip charge and spin detectors employing electron focusing to image the charge density distribution and probe their spin properties. This experiment demonstrates both the structural and spin phase diagrams of the 1D Wigner crystallization. The existence of zigzag spin chains and phases which can be electrically controlled in semiconductor systems may open avenues for experimental studies of Wigner crystals and their technological applications in spintronics and quantum information.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Our Canadian Mosaic
Creators: name: Foster, Kate A.
Publisher: name: Toronto : Dominion Council of the Young Women's Christian Association
Year: 2019

description: "Survey of Canadian immigrants by country of origin and the agencies providing for them. Includes B.C."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 112.
iBrownout: An Integrated Approach for Managing Energy and Brownout in Container-based Clouds
Creators: name: Xu, Minxian
name: Toosi, Adel Nadjaran
name: Buyya, Rajkumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Energy consumption of Cloud data centers has been a major concern of many researchers, and one of the reasons for huge energy consumption of Clouds lies in the inefficient utilization of computing resources. Besides energy consumption, another challenge of data centers is the unexpected loads, which leads to the overloads and performance degradation. Compared with VM consolidation and Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling that cannot function well when the whole data center is overloaded, brownout has shown to be a promising technique to handle both overloads and energy consumption through dynamically deactivating application optional components, which are also identified as containers/microservices. In this work, we propose an integrated approach to manage energy consumption and brownout in container-based cloud data centers. \color{black} We also evaluate our proposed scheduling policies with real traces in a prototype system. The results show that our approach reduces about 40%, 20% and 10% energy than the approach without power-saving techniques, brownout-overbooking approach and auto-scaling approach respectively while ensuring Quality of Service.
description: 14 pages, in press
Monopole action from vacuum configurations in compact QED
Creators: name: Shiba, Hiroshi
name: Suzuki, Tsuneo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is possible to derive a monopole action from vacuum configurations obtained in Monte-Carlo simulations extending the method developed by Swendsen. We apply the method to compact QED both in the Villain and in the Wilson forms. The action of the natural monopoles in the Villain case is in fairly good agreement with that derived by the exact dual transformation. Comparing the monopole actions, we find (1) the DeGrand-Toussaint monopole definition may be useful for $β_V $ larger than about 0.5, (2) the Villain model well approximates the Wilson one for $β$ smaller than $β_c$ and (3) in the Wilson action the monopole condensation occurs in the confinement phase and $β_c$ may be explained by the energy-entropy balance of monopole loops like in the Villain case.
description: 12 Pages+7 figures, KANAZAWA 94-11
The faculty of agriculture in the University of British Columbia : Statements read before Senate on September 20th and November 12th, 1926
Creators: name: Clement, F.M.
Publisher: name: Vancouver, B.C. : University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: "A statement of the faculty's policy, programme and finances by its dean."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 76.
PROBABILITY BASED CLUSTER EXPANSION OVERSAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR IMBALANCED DATA
Creators: name: Shaukat Ali Shahee
name: Ananthakumar, Usha
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80109 Pattern Recognition and Data Mining
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many applications of data mining, class imbalance is noticed when examples in one class are overrepresented. Traditional classifiers result in poor accuracy of the minority class due to the class imbalance. Further, the presence of within class imbalance where classes are composed of multiple sub-concepts with different number of examples also affect the performance of classifier. In this paper, we propose an oversampling technique that handles between class and within class imbalance simultaneously and also takes into consideration the generalization ability in data space. The proposed method is based on two steps- performing Model Based Clustering with respect to classes to identify the sub-concepts; and then computing the separating hyperplane based on equal posterior probability between the classes. The proposed method is tested on 10 publicly available data sets and the result shows that the proposed method is statistically superior to other existing oversampling methods.
Unification of Gravity and Yang-Mills Theory in (2+1)-Dimensions
Creators: name: Peldan, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gauge and diffeomorphism invariant theory in (2+1)-dimensions is presented in both first and second order Lagrangian form as well as in a Hamiltonian form. For gauge group $SO(1,2)$, the theory is shown to describe ordinary Einstein gravity with a cosmological constant. With gauge group $G^{tot}=SO(1,2)\otimes G^{YM}$, it is shown that the equations of motion for the $G^{YM}$ fields are the Yang-Mills equations. It is also shown that for weak $G^{YM}$ Yang-Mills fields, this theory agrees with the conventional Einstein-Yang-Mills theory to lowest order in Yang-Mills fields. Explicit static and rotation symmetric solutions to the Einstein-Maxwell theory are studied both for the conventional coupling and for this unified theory. In the electric solution to the unified theory, point charges are not allowed, the charges must have spatial extensions.
description: 22pages
The discrete twofold Ellis-Gohberg inverse problem
Creators: name: ter Horst, S.
name: Kaashoek, M. A.
name: van Schagen, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47A56, 47B35, 47A50, 15A29

description: In this paper a twofold inverse problem for orthogonal matrix functions in the Wiener class is considered. The scalar-valued version of this problem was solved by Ellis and Gohberg in 1992. Under reasonable conditions, the problem is reduced to an invertibility condition on an operator that is defined using the Hankel and Toeplitz operators associated to the Wiener class functions that comprise the data set of the inverse problem. It is also shown that in this case the solution is unique. Special attention is given to the case that the Hankel operator of the solution is a strict contraction and the case where the functions are matrix polynomials.
description: 15 pages
Canadian houses of romance
Creators: name: Hale, Katherine, 1878-1956
Publisher: name: Toronto : The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited
Year: 2019

description: "Includes descriptions of houses of Dr. J.S. Helmcken and Dr. W.F. Tolmie in Victoria, William Irvine in New Westminster and Mrs. J.M. Le Fevre in Vancouver. Also: Historic houses of Canada. Toronto, The Ryerson Press [1952) vii, 152 p. 22 cm. An enlarged and completely revised edition. Additions include houses of Senator G.H. Barnard of Victoria and Ronald Graham and Fitzgerald McCleery of Vancouver."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 117.
The Kazhdan-Lusztig conjecture for finite W-algebras
Creators: name: de Vos, K.
name: van Driel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the representation theory of finite W-algebras. After introducing parabolic subalgebras to describe the structure of W-algebras, we define the Verma modules and give a conjecture for the Kac determinant. This allows us to find the completely degenerate representations of the finite W-algebras. To extract the irreducible representations we analyse the structure of singular and subsingular vectors, and find that for W-algebras, in general the maximal submodule of a Verma module is not generated by singular vectors only. Surprisingly, the role of the (sub)singular vectors can be encapsulated in terms of a `dual' analogue of the Kazhdan-Lusztig theorem for simple Lie algebras. These involve dual relative Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials. We support our conjectures with some examples, and briefly discuss applications and the generalisation to infinite W-algebras.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of Alcohol drinking and risks of liver cancer and non-neoplastic chronic liver diseases in China: a 10-year prospective study of 0.5 million adults
Creators: name: Im, Pek Kei
name: Millwood, Iona Y.
name: Kartsonaki, Christiana
name: Guo, Yu
name: Chen, Yiping
name: Turnbull, Iain
name: Yu, Canqing
name: Du, Huaidong
name: Pei, Pei
name: Lv, Jun
name: Walters, Robin G.
name: Li, Liming
name: Yang, Ling
name: Chen, Zhengming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Diaphorus vitripennis Loew 1859
Creators: name: Grichanov, Igor Ya.
name: Selivanova, Olga V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dolichopodidae
Diaphorus
Diaphorus vitripennis

description: Diaphorus vitripennis Loew, 1859
 References. Negrobov et al. 2013b: 54 (erroneously listed for Primorye).
 Distribution. Type locality: not given. Palaearctic: Europe except North, Afghanistan, Algeria, Kazakhstan, Turkey, Uzbekistan. Here excluded from Primorye.
 Notes. Negrobov et al. (2013b) erroneously cited Stackelberg (1928a) who did not provide material from Primorye.
description: Published as part of Grichanov, Igor Ya. & Selivanova, Olga V., 2021, An annotated checklist of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) species from Primorsky Territory, Russia, with new records, pp. 202-227 in Amurian Zoological Journal XIII (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-2-202-227, http://zenodo.org/record/12642499
The glamour of British Columbia
Creators: name: Glynn-Ward, Hilda, 1887-1966
Publisher: name: Toronto : The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited
Year: 2019

description: "Written to counteract superficial reports of tourists. Is primarily concerned with the people of the various parts of the province. Also: Toronto, The Macmillan Company of Canada Limited, 1926.

Also: London, Hutchinson & Co. [1926] Cf. Smith 4689. Not at location given. Also: Toronto, Doubleday, Doran & Gundy, Ltd., 1932."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 144.
A Proposal of a Renormalization Group Transformation for Lattice Field Theories
Creators: name: Fernandez, L. A.
name: Sudupe, Munoz
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
name: Tarancon, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new Real Space Renormalization Group transformation useful for Monte Carlo calculations in theories with global or local symmetries. From relaxation arguments we define the block-spin transformation with two tunable free parameters, adapted to the system's action. Varying them it is possible to place the fixed point very close to the simulation point. We show how the method works in a simple model with global symmetry: the three dimensional XY model.
description: 26 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript single file, 8 figures included
Generation and detection of dissipationless spin current in MgO/Si bilayer
Creators: name: Lou, Paul C
name: Kumar, Sandeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronics is an analogue to electronics where spin of the electron rather than its charge is functionally controlled for devices. The generation and detection of spin current without ferromagnetic or exotic/scarce materials are two the biggest challenges for spintronics devices. In this study, we report a solution to the two problems of spin current generation and detection in Si. Using non-local measurement, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of helical dissipationless spin current using spin-Hall effect. Contrary to the theoretical prediction, we observe the spin-Hall effect in both n-doped and p-doped Si. The helical spin current is attributed to the site-inversion asymmetry of the diamond cubic lattice of Si and structure inversion asymmetry in MgO/Si bilayer. The spin to charge conversion in Si is insignificant due to weak spin-orbit coupling. For the efficient detection of spin current, we report spin to charge conversion at the MgO (1nm)/Si (2 um) (p-doped and n-doped) thin film interface due to Rashba spin-orbit coupling. We detected the spin current at a distance of >100 um, which is an order of magnitude larger than the longest spin diffusion length measured using spin injection techniques. The existence of spin current in Si is verified from coercivity reduction in Co/Pd multilayer due to spin-orbit torque generated by spin current from Si.
description: Journal of Physics- Condensed Matter (accepted)
Source identification of heavy metals in sewage sludge and the effect of influent characteristics: a case study from China
Creators: name: J.-J. Feng
name: L. Jia
name: Q.-Z. Liu
name: X.-L. Chen
name: J.P. Cheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: To advance the reclamation of sewage sludge and evaluate the potential risk during sludge application, wastewater and sludge were sampled from seven secondary wastewater treatment plants seasonally in 2016 and 2017. The influent characteristics and the accumulation of eight toxic heavy metals in sludge were analyzed. According to the results, copper, chromium, nickle and zinc were the main heavy metals constraining reclamation of sewage sludge in Shanghai and they were mainly from domestic wastewater. Influent concentration, treatment process and coexisting elements had significant effects on accumulation of heavy metals in sludge. Lead concentration in sludge from AAC plants was generally higher than that from AAO plants, but for other metals the differences were insignificant or depended on the initial concentrations. Nutrients, suspended solids and coexisting heavy metals had significant effects on heavy metal accumulation in sludge when the initial concentration was controlled.
The New Christ Church Cathedral, Victoria, B.C.
Creators: name: Church Of England In Canada. Diocese Of British Columbia. Campaign Committee For Building The New Christ Church Cathedral
Publisher: name: [Victoria, B.C.?] : [publisher not identified]
Year: 2020

description: "Cover title.
Description of the proposed new building."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 72.
Additional file 2 of Translation of the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and its validation among college students
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: Tong, Tong
name: Gao, Ye
name: Liang, Chunguang
name: Yu, Haitao
name: Li, Sisi
name: Yan, Xiangru
name: Wang, Liying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 2: Appendix 2. The scoring of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0
Discrete Symmetry, Non-Commutative Geometry and Gravity
Creators: name: Mohammedi, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the geomety of a set of scalar fields coupled to gravity. We consider the formalism of a differential Z_2-graded algebra of $2\times 2$ matrices whose elements are differential forms on space-time. The connection and the vierbeins are extended to incorporate additional scalar and vector fields. The resulting action describes two universes coupled in a non-minimal way to a set of scalar fields. This picture is slightly different from the description of general relativity in the framework of non-commutative geomety.
description: 11 pages, Latex file
Effective Scalar Field Theory for the Electroweak Phase Transition
Creators: name: Karsch, F.
name: Neuhaus, T.
name: Patkos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate an effective model for the finite temperature restoration phase transition of the electroweak theory. It is obtained by dimensional reduction of the $3+1$ dimensional full theory and by subsequent integration over all static gauge degrees of freedom. The resulting theory corresponds to a $3$-dimensional $O(4)$ ferromagnet containing cubic and quartic terms of the field in its potential function. Possible nonperturbative effects of a magnetic screening mass are parametrically included in the potential. We analyse the theory using mean field and numerical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods. At the value of the physical Higgs mass, $m_H=37~{\rm GeV}$, considered in the present investigation, we find a discontinuous symmetry restoring phase transition. We determine the critical temperature, order parameter jump, interface tension and latent heat characteristics of the transition. The Monte Carlo results indicate a somewhat weaker first order phase transition as compared to the mean field treatment, demonstrating that non-perturbative fluctuations of the Higgs field are relevant. This effect is especially important for the interface tension. Any observation of hard first order transition could result only from non-perturbative effects related to the gauge degrees of freedom.
description: 28 pages and 18 figures
Benchmarking projective simulation in navigation problems
Creators: name: Melnikov, Alexey A.
name: Makmal, Adi
name: Briegel, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Projective simulation (PS) is a model for intelligent agents with a deliberation capacity that is based on episodic memory. The model has been shown to provide a flexible framework for constructing reinforcement-learning agents, and it allows for quantum mechanical generalization, which leads to a speed-up in deliberation time. PS agents have been applied successfully in the context of complex skill learning in robotics, and in the design of state-of-the-art quantum experiments. In this paper, we study the performance of projective simulation in two benchmarking problems in navigation, namely the grid world and the mountain car problem. The performance of PS is compared to standard tabular reinforcement learning approaches, Q-learning and SARSA. Our comparison demonstrates that the performance of PS and standard learning approaches are qualitatively and quantitatively similar, while it is much easier to choose optimal model parameters in case of projective simulation, with a reduced computational effort of one to two orders of magnitude. Our results show that the projective simulation model stands out for its simplicity in terms of the number of model parameters, which makes it simple to set up the learning agent in unknown task environments.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
The passes of the Rocky Mountains along the Alberta boundary
Creators: name: Wallace, J. N.
Publisher: name: Calgary : The Historical Society of Calgary
Year: 2018

description: "Cover title. A brief history of travel through the passes." -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 186.
Consumer BCI Devices - Applications and Challenges
Creators: name: Veena, N.
name: S. Mahalakshmi
name: Guruprasad, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: BCI
EEG
physically challenged
brain waves

description: Brain-Computer-Interface (BCI) is used to acquire the brain signals, analyse and convert them into the commands which can help humans in controlling the outside environment. BCI is used applications namely security, medicine, games, self- regulation, research etc. BCI establishes a mutual connection with the brain and the external world using various Electroencephalography (EEG) devices. Today there are many people who are paralysed, these EEG devices can help them to communicate with the outside world. This chapter aims at exploring various EEG devices which vary in number of electrodes, their advantages and disadvantages and applications which are useful to the society in the long run.