cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
National implementation of and compliance with the Rotterdam convention: a perspective from African countries
Creators: name: Daudu, Olurotimi Williams
Publisher: name: Law
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 175-199
description: The Rotterdam Convention regulates international transfer of certain hazardous chemicals and pesticides. Such chemical substances have been scientifically adjudged to pose unacceptable risks to human health and the environment. Under the Rotterdam Convention, international shipment of such chemicals and pesticides must not take place except with the prior informed consent of the recipient country. Given the significance of implementation to the attainment of treaty goals, this thesis examines national implementation of and compliance with the Rotterdam Convention. The thesis concludes that Nigeria and other African countries lack the capacity to effectively fulfill their obligations. It proposes specific mechanisms to strengthen national capabilities.
Average Case Optimality for Linear Problems
Creators: name: Traub, Joseph F.
name: Wozniakowski, Henryk
name: Wasilkowski, Grzegorz W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Computer science

description: We introduce an average case model and define general notions of optimal algorithm and optimal information. We prove that the same algorithm and information are optimal in the worst and average cases and that adaptive information is not more powerful than nonadaptive information.
Homotopy unital A_infinity-algebras
Creators: name: Lyubashenko, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known that the differential graded operad of A_infinity-algebras is a cofibrant replacement (a dg-resolution) of the operad of associative differential graded algebras without units. In this article we find a cofibrant replacement of the operad of associative differential graded algebras with units. Algebras over it are called homotopy unital A_infinity-algebras. We prove that the operad bimodule of A_infinity-morphisms is a cofibrant replacement of the operad bimodule of morphisms of dg-algebras without units. Similarly we show that the operad bimodule of homotopy unital A_infinity-morphisms is a cofibrant replacement of the operad bimodule of morphisms of dg-algebras with units.
description: 26 pages
Comparative evaluation and correlation of variations in articular disc morphology as assessed by automated segmentation using deep learning on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images in Class II (vertical) temporomandibular joint (TMD) cases, Class II (horizontal) TMD cases and Class I non-TMD cases
Creators: name: Aathira Surendran
name: Shrivastav, Sunita
name: Gaurav Srivastav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: temporomandibular disorder(TMD), articular disc, Class II (vertical) TMD cases, automated segmentation, deep neural network, CNN

description: Study Protocol
KNO scaling of fluctuations in pp and pA, and eccentricities in heavy-ion collisions
Creators: name: Dumitru, Adrian
name: Nara, Yasushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiplicity fluctuations at midrapidity in p+p collisions at high energies are described by a negative binomial distribution and exhibit approximate Koba-Nielsen-Olesen (KNO) scaling. We find that these KNO fluctuations are important also for reproducing the multiplicity distribution in d+Au collisions observed at RHIC, adding to the Glauber fluctuations of the number of binary collisions or participants. We predict that the multiplicity distribution in p+Pb collisions at the LHC also deviates little from the KNO scaling function. Finally, we analyze various moments of the eccentricity of the particle production zone in A+A collisions at RHIC and LHC and find that particle production fluctuations increase fluctuation dominated moments such as the triangularity epsilon_3 substantially.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures; v2: updated references and a few minor modifications, to appear in PRC
Cosmological lepton asymmetry with a nonzero mixing angle θ_{13}
Creators: name: Castorina, Emanuele
name: Franca, Urbano
name: Lattanzi, Massimiliano
name: Lesgourgues, Julien
name: Mangano, Gianpiero
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Pastor, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the baryon asymmetry of the Universe is nowadays well measured by cosmological observations, the bounds on the lepton asymmetry in the form of neutrinos are still significantly weaker. We place limits on the relic neutrino asymmetries using some of the latest cosmological data, taking into account the effect of flavor oscillations. We present our results for two different values of the neutrino mixing angle θ_{13}, and show that for large θ_{13} the limits on the total neutrino asymmetry become more stringent, diluting even large initial flavor asymmetries. In particular, we find that the present bounds are still dominated by the limits coming from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, while the limits on the total neutrino mass from cosmological data are essentially independent of θ_{13}. Finally, we perform a forecast for COrE, taken as an example of a future CMB experiment, and find that it could improve the limits on the total lepton asymmetry approximately by up to a factor 6.6.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. v2: updated COrE specifications. v3: matches Phys. Rev. D accepted version
Cosmology today-A brief review
Creators: name: Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L.
name: Smoot, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a brief review of the standard model of cosmology. We first introduce the FRW models and their flat solutions for energy fluids playing an important role in the dynamics at different epochs. We then introduce different cosmological lengths and some of their applications. The later part is dedicated to the physical processes and concepts necessary to understand the early and very early Universe and observations of it.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures, v2: a typo corrected
Hierarchy for Imbedding-Distribution Invariants of a Graph
Creators: name: Gross, Jonathan L.
name: Furst, Merrick L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: Most existing papers about graph imbeddings ale concerned with the determination of minimum genus, and various others have been devoted to maximum genus or to highly symmetric imbeddings of special graphs. An entirely different viewpoint is now presented, in which one seeks distributional information about the huge family of all cellular imbeddings of a graph into all closed surfaces, instead of focusing on just one imbedding or on the existence of imbeddings into just one surface. The distribution of imbeddings admits a hierarchically ordered class of computable invariants, each of which partitions the set of all graphs into much finer subcategories than the subcategories corresponding to minimum genus or to any other single imbedding surface. Quite low in this hierarchy are invariants such as the average genus, taken over all cellular imbeddings, and the average region size, where "region size" means the number of edge traversals required to complete a tour of a region boundary. Further up in the hierarchy is the multiset of duals of a graph. At an intermediate level are the "imbedding polynomials." The hierarchy is explored, and several specific calculations of the values of some of the invariants are provided. The main results are concerned with the amount of work needed to derive one invariant from another, when possible, and with principles for computing the algebraic effect of adding an edge or of forming a composition of two graphs.
Symmetric Public-Key Encryption
Creators: name: Galil, Zvi
name: Landau, Gad M.
name: Yung, Moti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: Public-key encryption would seem to be inherently asymmetric. in that only messages sent to a user can be encrypted using his public key. We demonstrate that the use of interactive protocols for sending encrypted messages enables a symmetric use of public keys; we give cryptographic protocols for the following tasks: 1. Probabilistic encryption, using the same public key, both of messages that are sent to a particular user as well as of messages that the user sends to others, without compromising the key. We propose a public-key cryptosystem based on these protocols which has only one key, owned by a cryptographic server. 2. Authentication both of the sender and of the receiver of a probabilistically encrypted message. 3. Probabilistic encryption which is provably secure against both chosen-message and chosen-ciphertext attack.
Brazilian multinationals positive after the global crisis
Creators: name: Lima, Luís Afonso
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Business
Finance

description: Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos e Empresas Transnacionais e da Globalização Econômica (SOBEET), a Brazilian think tank dedicated to research into the internationalization of the Brazilian economy; and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint undertaking of the Columbia Law School and The Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of a survey of outward investors from Brazil today. The survey, conducted in 2010, covers the year 2009. The broader context of the present report is a long-term study of outward investment from emerging markets, led by the VCC, that currently includes 15 countries.
Additional file 2 of Experimental immunization of mice with a recombinant bovine enterovirus vaccine expressing BVDV E0 protein elicits a long-lasting serologic response
Creators: name: Ren, Xiao
name: Zhang, Shan
name: Gao, Xintao
name: Guo, Xiaoyu
name: Xin, Ting
name: Zhu, Hongfei
name: Jia, Hong
name: Hou, Shaohua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. GpBlueScript(−) Vector Figure S2 Modified GpBlueScript(−) Vector
A VoIP Privacy Mechanism and its Application in VoIP Peering for Voice Service Provider Topology and Identity Hiding
Creators: name: Shen, Charles
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: Voice Service Providers (VSPs) participating in VoIP peering frequently want to withhold their identity and related privacy-sensitive information from other parties during the VoIP communication. A number of existing documents on VoIP privacy exist, but most of them focus on end user privacy. By summarizing and extending existing work, we present a unified privacy mechanism for both VoIP users and service providers. We also show a case study on how VSPs can use this mechanism for identity and topology hiding in VoIP peering.
Implementation of the GMR Algorithm for Large Symmetric Eigenproblems
Creators: name: Kuczynski, Jacek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present an implementation of the generalized minimal residual (gmr) algorithm for finding an eigenpair of a large symmetric matrix. We report some numerical results for this algorithm and compare them with the results obtained for the Lanczos algorithm. A Fortran implementation of the gmr algorithm is included. The input of this subroutine is a matrix which has been partially reduced to tridiagonal form. Such a form can be obtained by the Lanczos process. The Fortran subroutine is also available via anonymous FTP as "pub/gmrval" on Columbia.edu [128.59.16.1] the Arpanet.
Antipain and its analogues, natural product inhibitors of cathepsin K isolated from streptomyces
Creators: name: Lavallée, Vincent Paul
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In human bone, 90% of organic bone matrix is composed of type 1 collagen. Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease involved in osteoclast mediated bone absorption and has been identified as a major drug target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Numerous potent inhibitors of cathepsin K have already been identified from natural sources including epoxide inhibitors such as E-64 isolated from the fungi Aspergillus japonicus as well as various peptide aldehydes such as Leupeptin and alpha-MAPI purified from Streptomyces. 350 soil and lichen-associated bacterial strains collected in the rain forests of British Columbia were screened and 22 samples were identified containing significant cathepsin K inhibitory activity. From those active samples, L-91-3 was selected as one of the most potent samples for further characterization of their cathepsin inhibitor content. Three Antipain-related peptide inhibitors were identified from L-91-3 strain of Streptomyces. Antipain (Ki 41nM +/- 37nM) and Vince 2 (cyclized P1 derivative Ki 295nM +/- 123nM) were isolated by traditional purification and subsequent NMR and Mass Spectrometry analysis. The cyclized compound, Vince 2 (phenylalanyl-ureido-arginyl-valinyl- cycloarginal), lacked the aldehyde function and resulted in a lower binding affinity towards cathepsin K. Using Cathepsin K as bait for active site directed inhibitors a third compound, named Lichostatinal was identified by x-ray crystallography where recombinant human cathepsin K was co-crystallized with the semi-crude fermentation broth resulting in 2.0 Å resolution crystal structure. Lichostatinal is a peptide-based aldehyde with the amino acid composition (agmatinyl-ureido-serine-valinyl-arginal). The P1-P4 substrate residues of Lichostatinal interact with the non primed S1-S4 subsites of cathepsin K.
A Statistical Mechanics of Distributed Resource Sharing Mechanisms
Creators: name: Yemini, Yechiam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: Distributed databases
Queuing theory--Data processing
Multiprocessors--Programming

description: The problem of analyzing the performance of large-scale interacting distributed resource sharing mechanisms arises in packet broadcast networks as well as multiprocessor switching mechanisms, VLSI chip communications and distributed databases. Queueing theory has major limitations in analyzing such systems: it cannot handle tight interactions and dependencies and it requires a fine-grained analysis of the detailed dynamics of a system to obtain coarse-grained equilibrium results. This paper proposes an alternative approach to the problem based upon statistical mechanics. Using this approach it is possible to analyze the performance of intricate distributed resource sharing mechanisms with a relative ease. Moreover, the analogy to physical phenomena offers new performance measures (e.g., communication "energy" and "pressure") and physical insights to the behavior of such systems.
The Price of Neutrino Superluminality continues to rise
Creators: name: Hebecker, Arthur
name: Knochel, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the model building challenges that one faces when trying to reconcile the OPERA claim of neutrino superluminality with other observational constraints. The severity of the supernova bound and of the kinematical constraints of Cohen-Glashow type lead us to focus on scenarios where all types of particles are superluminal inside matter. In contrast to the Dvali-Vikman proposal, this matter effect needs to be very short-ranged to avoid constraints from experiments on the Earth's surface in low-density environments. Due to this short range, the interaction underlying such a matter effect would have to be far stronger than permitted by fifth-force bounds. As a conceivable way out we suggest to make the matter effect "binary", i.e., dense matter does not directly trigger superluminality, but merely induces the transition to a different phase of some weakly coupled hidden sector. This phase exhibits spontaneous Lorentz violation or at least a stronger than usual mediation of some residual Lorentz violation to all matter. The effect has not been observed before since we have never before been able to measure the velocity of high-energy particles in dense matter with sufficient precision.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, references added
Gaugings of N=4 three dimensional gauged supergravity with exceptional coset manifolds
Creators: name: Karndumri, Parinya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some admissible gauge groups of N=4 Chern-Simons gauged supergravity in three dimensions with exceptional scalar manifolds $G_{2(2)}/SO(4)$, $F_{4(4)}/USp(6)\times SU(2)$, $E_{6(2)}/SU(6)\times SU(2)$, $E_{7(-5)}/SO(12)\times SU(2)$ and $E_{8(-24)}/E_7\times SU(2)$ are identified. In particular, a complete list of all possible gauge groups is given for the theory with $G_{2(2)}/SO(4)$ coset space. We also study scalar potentials for all of these gauge groups and find some critical points. In the case of $F_{4(4)}/USp(6)\times SU(2)$ target space, we give some semisimple gauge groups which are maximal subgroups of $F_{4(4)}$. Most importantly, we construct the $SO(4)\ltimes \mathbf{T}^6$ gauged supergravity which is equivalent to N=4 SO(4) Yang-Mills gauged supergravity. The latter is proposed to be obtained from an $S^3$ reduction of $(1,0)$ six dimensional supergravity coupled to two vector and two tensor multiplets. The scalar potential of this theory on the scalar fields which are invariant under SO(4) is explicitly computed. Depending on the value of the coupling constants, the theory admits both dS and AdS vacua when all of the 28 scalars vanish. The maximal N=4 supersymmetric $AdS_3$ should correspond to the $AdS_3\times S^3$ solution of the $(1,0)$ six dimensional theory. Finally, some gauge groups of the theories with $E_{6(2)}/SU(6)\times SU(2)$, $E_{7(-5)}/SO(12)\times SU(2)$ and $E_{8(-24)}/E_7\times SU(2)$ scalar manifolds are identified.
description: 27 pages, no figures, typoes corrected
The Standardizability of Type Ia Supernovae in the Near-Infrared: Evidence for a Peak Luminosity-Decline Rate Relation in the Near-Infrared
Creators: name: Kattner, ShiAnne
name: Leonard, Douglas C.
name: Burns, Christopher R.
name: Phillips, M. M.
name: Folatelli, Gaston
name: Morrell, Nidia
name: Stritzinger, Maximilian D.
name: Hamuy, Mario
name: Freedman, Wendy L.
name: Persson, Sven E.
name: Roth, Miguel
name: Suntzeff, Nicholas B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the standardizability of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the near-infrared (NIR) by investigating the correlation between observed peak NIR absolute magnitude and post-maximum B-band decline rate. A sample of 27 low-redshift SNe Ia observed by the Carnegie Supernova Project between 2004 to 2007 is used. All 27 objects have pre-maximum coverage in optical bands, with a subset of 13 having pre-maximum NIR observations as well. We describe the methods used to derive absolute peak magnitudes and decline rates from both spline- and template-fitting procedures, and confirm prior findings that fitting templates to SNe Ia light curves in the NIR is problematic due to the diversity of post-maximum behaviour of objects that are characterized by similar decline rate values, especially at high decline rates. Nevertheless, we show that NIR light curves can be reasonably fit with a template, especially if the observations begin within 5 days after NIR maximum. For the subset of 13 objects in our dataset that excludes the highly reddened and fast declining SNe Ia, and includes only those objects for which NIR observations began prior to five days after maximum light, we find modest evidence for a peak luminosity-decline rate relation in Y, and stronger evidence in J and H. Using Rv values differing from the canonical value of 3.1 is shown to have little effect on the results. A Hubble diagram is presented for the NIR bands and the B band. The resulting scatter for the combined NIR bands is 0.13 mag, while the B band produces a scatter of 0.22 mag. The data suggest that applying a correction to SNe Ia peak luminosities for decline rate is likely to be beneficial in the J and H bands to make SNe Ia more precise distance indicators, but of only marginal importance in the Y band.
description: Accepted for publication in PASP; 46 page, 10 figures; v2: minor additions made to references
Techniques for building highly available distributed file systems
Creators: name: Tait, Carl D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper analyzes recent research in the field of distributed file systems, with a particular emphasis on the problem of high availability. Several of the techniques involved in building such a system are discussed individually: naming, replication, multiple versions, caching, stashing, and logging. These techniques range from extensions of ideas used in centralized file systems, through new notions already in use, to radical ideas that have not yet been implemented. A number of working and proposed systems are described in conjunction with the analysis of each technique. The paper concludes that a low degree of replication, a liberal use of client and server caching, and optimistic behavior in the face of network partition are all necessary to ensure high availability.
On Soft Limits of Inflationary Correlation Functions
Creators: name: Assassi, Valentin
name: Baumann, Daniel
name: Green, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft limits of inflationary correlation functions are both observationally relevant and theoretically robust. Various theorems can be proven about them that are insensitive to detailed model-building assumptions. In this paper, we re-derive several of these theorems in a universal way. Our method makes manifest why soft limits are such an interesting probe of the spectrum of additional light fields during inflation. We illustrate these abstract results with a detailed case study of the soft limits of quasi-single-field inflation.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures; V2: references added + pedagogical improvements of Sec. 2 and App. A
Studies of mouse cerebellar compartmentation
Creators: name: Chung, Seunghyuk
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 321-386
description: The cerebellum is an appealing model system for studying pattern formation. Despite its uniform histology, there is a complex underlying pattern of parasagittal stripes involving multiple cell types. This patterning is thought to be a highly conserved feature both during development and in the adult. To explore this issue, I first present that the expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 is in an array of Purkinje cell stripes identical to that revealed by anti-zebrin II, which is the most studied cerebellar compartmentation antigen. Secondly, I present expression data showing that the pattern of phospholipase CB4 expression, a zebrin II-imrnunonegative Purkinje cell marker, can be traced continuously from the embryo to the adult. Thirdly, I describe a gene, Early B­cell factor 2 (EBF2) that suppresses the zebrin II-imrnunopositive phenotype. EBF2 expression is confined to the zebrin II-imrnunonegative population and zebrin II is uniformly expressed in the Ebj2 null cerebellum due to a combination of selective Purkinje cell death and ectopic expression of genes normally restricted to the zebrin II­imrnunonegative Purkinje cell subset. Fourthly, I investigated the topographical relationship between zebrin II compartmentation and the distribution of unipolar brush cells. The data suggest that unipolar brush cell somata become regionally restricted through interactions with specific Purkinje cell subtypes. Finally, the cerebellar nuclei (CN) are the next relay stage in the cerebellar circuit and receive the sole output from Purkinje cells. However, there is no molecular complexity in the CN equivalent to that in the cerebellar cortex. To begin to address this gap, I first built an adult CN map by using a novel marker - kinesin light chain 3. Then, I combined the use of various antigens and transgenes to reveal a complex heterogeneity in the mouse CN that can be used to subdivide the CN into twelve reproducible expression domains. Similar heterogeneity can also be revealed during development: the medial nuclei are constructed from two separate neuronal subsets, each with a distinct embryological origin. These data suggest that a complex topography similar to that seen in the cerebellar cortex, is also present in the CN.
Gravitational Wave Signatures of Hyperaccreting Collapsar Disks
Creators: name: Kotake, Kei
name: Takiwaki, Tomoya
name: Harikae, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By performing two-dimensional special relativistic (SR) magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we study possible signatures of gravitational waves (GWs) in the context of the collapsar model for long-duration gamma-ray bursts. In our SR simulations, the central black hole is treated as an absorbing boundary. By doing so, we focus on the GWs generated by asphericities in neutrino emission and matter motions in the vicinity of the hyperaccreting disks. We compute nine models by adding initial angular momenta and magnetic fields parametrically to a precollapse core of a $35 M_{\odot}$ progenitor star. As for the microphysics, a realistic equation of state is employed and the neutrino cooling is taken into account via a multiflavor neutrino leakage scheme. To accurately estimate GWs produced by anisotropic neutrino emission, we perform a ray-tracing analysis in general relativity by a post-processing procedure. By employing a stress formula that includes contributions both from magnetic fields and special relativistic corrections, we study also the effects of magnetic fields on the gravitational waveforms. We find that the GW amplitudes from anisotropic neutrino emission show a monotonic increase with time, whose amplitudes are much larger than those from matter motions of the accreting material. We show that the increasing trend of the neutrino GWs stems from the excess of neutrino emission in the direction near parallel to the spin axis illuminated from the hyperaccreting disks. We point out that a recently proposed future space-based interferometer like Fabry-Perot type DECIGO would permit the detection of these GW signals within $\approx$ 100 Mpc.
description: 38 pages, 14 figures, ApJ in press
Genus Distributions for Two Classes of Graphs
Creators: name: Furst, Merrick L.
name: Gross, Jonathan L.
name: Statman, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: The set of orientable imbeddings of a graph can be partitioned according to the genus of the imbedding surfaces. A genus-respecting breakdown of the number of orientable imbeddings is obtained for every graph in each of two infinite classes. These are the first two infinite classes of graphs for which such calculations have been achieved, except for a few classes, such as trees and cycles, whose members have all their polygonal orientable imbeddings in the sphere.
Motivation and demotivation in heritage language learners of German
Creators: name: Dressler, Roswita
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 119-122
description: Recent studies in the field of Heritage Language Learning investigate motivation of Heritage Language Learners (HLLs) (Beaudrie & Ducar 2005 , Kondo-Brown 2001 , Noels 2005). This study adds to our understanding of HLLs by examining both the motivation and demotivation (negative motivation) of 33 beginner, intermediate and advanced university students of German (24 HLLs, 9 non-HLLs) over the course of one semester. Two online questionnaires were administered (time 1 = beginning of semester, time 2 = end of semester). Results indicate that HLLs and non-HLLs differ significantly in their integrative orientation to motivation. Over time, the integrative orientation to motivation of non-HLLs decreases, while remaining constant for HLLs. A significant interaction exists between time and HLL for career instrumental motivation. As well, significant differences for HLL status are also found in two motivational intensity variables. Qualitative data from 12 post-semester interviews (9 HLLs, 3 non-HLLs) inform the findings from the questionnaires.
Evaluating an Evaluation Method: The Pyramid Method Applied to 2003 Document Understanding Conference (DUC) Data
Creators: name: Passonneau, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: A pyramid evaluation dataset was created for DUC 2003 in order to compare results with DUC 2005, and to provide an independent test of the evaluation metric. The main differences between DUC 2003 and 2005 datasets pertain to the document length, cluster sizes, and model summary length. For five of the DUC 2003 document sets, two pyramids each were constructed by annotators working independently. Scores of the same peer using different pyramids were highly correlated. Sixteen systems were evaluated on eight document sets. Analysis of variance using Tukey's Honest Significant Difference method showed significant differences among all eight document sets, and more significant differences among the sixteen systems than for DUC 2005.
Giant direct magnetoelectric effect in strained multiferroic heterostructures
Creators: name: Janolin, Pierre-Eymeric
name: Pertsev, Nikolay A.
name: Sichuga, David
name: Bellaiche, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect mediated by lattice strains induced in a ferroelectric film by a ferromagnetic substrate is evaluated using first-principles-based calculations. To that end, the strain sensitivity of ferroelectric polarization and the film permittivity are calculated as a function of the in-plane biaxial strain for Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 films under various depolarizing fields. It is found that the ME voltage coefficient varies nonmonotonically with this strain and may reach giant values exceeding 100 Vcm-1 Oe-1 over a strain range that can be controlled through the electrical boundary conditions.
description: Accepted as a Rapid Communication by Phys.Rev.B (http://prb.aps.org/)
Colorado water, December 2006
Creators: name: Anderson, Rebecca
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Numbering on piece, vol. 24 is incorrect.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University.
Practical Preference Relations for Large Data Sets
Creators: name: Ross, Kenneth A.
name: Stuckey, Peter
name: Marian, Amelie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: User-defined preferences allow personalized ranking of query results. A user provides a declarative specification of his/her preferences, and the system is expected to use that specification to give more prominence to preferred answers. We study constraint formalisms for expressing user preferences as base facts in a partial order. We consider a language that allows comparison and a limited form of arithmetic, and show that the transitive closure computation required to complete the partial order terminates. We consider various ways of composing partial orders from smaller pieces, and provide results on the size of the resulting transitive closures. We introduce the notion of ``covering composition,'' which solves some semantic problems apparent in previous notions of composition. Finally, we show how preference queries within our language can be supported by suitable index structures for efficient evaluation over large data sets. Our results provide guidance about when complex preferences can be efficiently evaluated, and when they cannot.
Intersecting Barriers: The Production of Housing Vulnerability for LGBTQ Refugees in Alberta, Canada
Creators: McDowell, Kenna
Collins, Damian
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Canada’s National Housing Strategy acknowledges that identity factors are closely connected to housing vulnerability. Specifically, it identifies 12 groups at heightened risk of negative housing outcomes in Canada. In this research, we focus on the intersection of two of these groups: LGBTQ people and refugees. Existing studies establish that members of both groups are vulnerable to discrimination, homelessness, and housing unaffordability. However, they have largely been examined separately, and with limited insights into the factors that produce vulnerability. To develop a more nuanced and systemic account of LGBTQ refugees’ housing vulnerability, we conducted a study in Alberta, Canada. Utilizing Crenshaw’s theory of intersectionality, and drawing on policy documents and key-informant interviews, we identified three types of barriers to housing. We conclude that an intersectional approach provides a foundation for systemic explanations of housing vulnerability that are too often absent in policy.
When one Sample is not Enough: Improving Text Database Selection Using Shrinkage
Creators: name: Ipeirotis, Panagiotis G.
name: Gravano, Luis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: Database selection is an important step when searching over large numbers of distributed text databases. The database selection task relies on statistical summaries of the database contents, which are not typically exported by databases. Previous research has developed algorithms for constructing an approximate content summary of a text database from a small document sample extracted via querying. Unfortunately, Zipf's law practically guarantees that content summaries built this way for any relatively large database will fail to cover many low-frequency words. Incomplete content summaries might negatively affect the database selection process, especially for short queries with infrequent words. To improve the coverage of approximate content summaries, we build on the observation that topically similar databases tend to have related vocabularies. Therefore, the approximate content summaries of topically related databases can complement each other and increase their coverage. Specifically, we exploit a (given or derived) hierarchical categorization of the databases and adapt the notion of "shrinkage" --a form of smoothing that has been used successfully for document classification-- to the content summary construction task. A thorough evaluation over 315 real web databases as well as over TREC data suggests that the shrinkage-based content summaries are substantially more complete than their "unshrunk" counterparts. We also describe how to modify existing database selection algorithms to adaptively decide --at run-time-- whether to apply shrinkage for a query. Our experiments, which rely on TREC data sets, queries, and the associated "relevance judgments," show that our shrinkage-based approach is significantly more accurate than state-of-the-art database selection algorithms, including a recently proposed hierarchical strategy that also exploits database classification.
title: Ein einheitlicher Ansatz der Last-Verformungsbeziehung aussteifender Wandscheiben im Holzbau
Creators: name: Schwendner, Sascha
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Holzbau
subject: Wandtafel
subject: Brettsperrholz
subject: Duktilität
subject: Steifigkeit
subject: Verhaltensbasierte Bemessung
subject: Erdbebeningenieurwesen
subject: Aussteifung
subject: Tragfähigkeit
subject: N2-Methode
subject: experimentelle Untersuchungen
subject: Timber Engineering
subject: light frame timber shear wall
subject: cross laminated timber
subject: ductility
subject: stiffness
subject: displacement based seismic design
subject: earthquake engineering
subject: bracing system
subject: resistance
subject: N2-method
subject: experimental testing
subject: 620
subject: Holzbau
subject: Brettsperrholz
subject: Tragfähigkeit
subject: Duktilität
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften
subject: Erdbeben

description: Zugleich: Dissertation, Universität Kassel, 2022
A curious alchemy: revisioning gender identity in travel writing by Edith O'Shaughnessy, P.K. Page, and Karen Connelly
Creators: name: Arciniega, Maria Lourdes
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2008

description: Bibliography: p. 106-110
description: Travel becomes a catalyst for revisioning gender identity in the work of Edith O'Shaughnessy, P.K. Page, and Karen Connelly, three twentieth-century women travel writers. O'Shaughnessy and Page travel to Mexico and Brazil respectively as diplomats' wives, breaking through gender restrictions and producing narratives that become political and social commentaries foregrounding women' s voices and interests. Connelly travels to Thailand as a teenager, finding her body creates gender tension and anxiety in a patriarchally entrenched society. Each of these three women record not only their physical journeys, but more importantly their psychological transformation as they find themselves needing to revision their idea of a female outside a familiar domestic space, a female residing with a foreign other, and a female who is spurred by travel to discover her artistic talents. Their life-writing narratives, in the form of familiar letters for O' Shaughnessy and journals for Page and Connelly, are testaments to how literature can be juxtaposed with lived experience to produce a new definition of the female, as an active, engaged, and transformative citizen of the world.
Thermally Activated Magnetization and Resistance Decay during Near Ambient Temperature Aging of Co Nanoflakes in a Confining Semi-metallic Environment
Creators: name: Kenning, Gregory G.
name: Heidt, Christopher
name: Barnes, Aaron
name: Martin, James
name: Grove, Benjamin
name: Madden, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of magnetic and resistive aging in a self assembled nanoparticle system produced in a multilayer Co/Sb sandwich. The aging decays are characterized by an initial slow decay followed by a more rapid decay in both the magnetization and resistance. The decays are large accounting for almost 70% of the magnetization and almost 40% of the resistance for samples deposited at 35 $^oC$. For samples deposited at 50 $^oC$ the magnetization decay accounts for $\sim 50%$ of the magnetization and 50% of the resistance. During the more rapid part of the decay, the concavity of the slope of the decay changes sign and this inflection point can be used to provide a characteristic time. The characteristic time is strongly and systematically temperature dependent, ranging from $\sim1$x$10^2 s$ at 400K to $\sim3$x$10^5 s$ at 320K in samples deposited at $35 ^oC$. Samples deposited at 50 $^oC$ displayed a 7-8 fold increase in the characteristic time (compared to the $35 ^oC$ samples) for a given aging temperature, indicating that this timescale may be tunable. Both the temperature scale and time scales are in potentially useful regimes. Pre-Aging, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) reveals that the Co forms in nanoscale flakes. During aging the nanoflakes melt and migrate into each other in an anisotropic fashion forming elongated Co nanowires. This aging behavior occurs within a confined environment of the enveloping Sb layers. The relationship between the characteristic time and aging temperature fits an Arrhenius law indicating activated dynamics.
More Rules May Mean Faster Parallel Execution
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Miranker, Daniel P.
name: Mills, Russell C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this brief paper we report a simple scheme to extract implicit parallelism in the low-level match phase of the parallel execution of production system programs. The essence of the approach is to replicate rules while introducing new constraints within each copy to restrict each individual rule to match a potentially smaller set of data elements. Speed up is achieved by matching each copy of a rule in parallel. Variations of this approach may be applicable to logic-based programming systems, such as PROLOG, executed in a parallel environment. Indeed, sequential implementations of OPS-style production systems based on the RETE match algorithm may enjoy performance advantages as well. This scheme may be implemented by a simple preprocessing stage which requires no modification to the underlying match algorithms.
New insights into electron spin dynamics in the presence of correlated noise
Creators: name: Spezia, Stefano
name: Adorno, Dominique Persano
name: Pizzolato, Nicola
name: Spagnolo, Bernardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The changes of the spin depolarization length in zinc-blende semiconductors when an external component of correlated noise is added to a static driving electric field are analyzed for different values of field strength, noise amplitude and correlation time. Electron dynamics is simulated by a Monte Carlo procedure which keeps into account all the possible scattering phenomena of the hot electrons in the medium and includes the evolution of spin polarization. Spin depolarization is studied by examinating the decay of the initial spin polarization of the conduction electrons through the D'yakonov-Perel process, the only relevant relaxation mechanism in III-V crystals. Our results show that, for electric field amplitude lower than the Gunn field, the dephasing length shortens with the increasing of the noise intensity. Moreover, a nonmonotonic behavior of spin depolarization length with the noise correlation time is found, characterized by a maximum variation for values of noise correlation time comparable with the dephasing time. Instead, in high field conditions, we find that, critically depending on the noise correlation time, external fluctuations can positively affect the relaxation length. The influence of the inclusion of the electron-electron scattering mechanism is also shown and discussed.
description: Published on "Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter" as "Fast Track Communications", 11 pages, 9 figures
An ab initio theory of double odd-even mass differences in nuclei
Creators: name: Saperstein, E. E.
name: Baldo, M.
name: Gnezdilov, N. V.
name: Lombardo, U.
name: Pankratov, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two aspects of the problem of evaluating double odd-even mass differences D_2 in semi-magic nuclei are studied related to existence of two components with different properties, a superfluid nuclear subsystem and a non-superfluid one. For the superfluid subsystem, the difference D_2 is approximately equal to 2Δ, the gap Δbeing the solution of the gap equation. For the non-superfluid subsystem, D_2 is found by solving the equation for two-particle Green function for normal systems. Both equations under consideration contain the same effective pairing interaction. For the latter, the semi-microscopic model is used in which the main term calculated from the first principles is supplemented with a small phenomenological addendum containing one phenomenological parameter supposed to be universal for all medium and heavy atomic nuclei.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, Report at Nuclear Structure and Related Topics, Dubna, Russia, July 2 - July 7, 2012
Event-by-event mean p_T fluctuations in pp and Pb-Pb collisions measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC
Creators: name: Heckel, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-statistical event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles in pp and Pb-Pb collisions are studied using the ALICE experiment at the LHC. Little collision energy dependence is observed in pp. The data indicate a common scaling behaviour with event multiplicity from pp to semi-central Pb-Pb collisions. In central Pb-Pb, the results deviate from this trend, exhibiting a significant reduction of the fluctuation strength. The results are compared with measurements in Au-Au collisions at lower energies and with Monte Carlo simulations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings to Quark Matter 2011; only minor changes in the new version (e.g. description of error bars of fig.3 in more detail, ref.5 updated), figures not changed, this is the published version
Specification of Interpreters and Debuggers Using an Extension of Attribute Grammars
Creators: name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: Recent research in programming environments has focused on the generation of software tools from specifications. Several specification mechanisms have been proposed, and the most successful of these has been attribute grammars. Attribute grammars have been successfully applied to compile-time tools such as type checkers and code generators, which perform static analysis of the program, but have hitherto seemed unsuited to the description of run-time tools such as interpreters and debuggers that involve dynamic interaction with the user of the programming environment. This report describes an extension to attribute grammars that solves this problem. The extended attribute grammars are suitable for the specification of all semantics processing performed by single-user programming environments.