cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Primary care patients in psychiatric clinical trials: a pilot study using videoconferencing
Creators: name: Williams, Janet B.
name: Ellis, Amy
name: Middleton, Arthur
name: Kobak, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Clinical trials
subject: Mental health services
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Background: While primary care physicians play a pivotal role in the treatment of depression, collaboration between primary care and psychiatry in clinical research has been limited. Primary care settings provide unique opportunities to improve the methodology of psychiatric clinical trials, by providing more generalizable and less treatment-resistant patients. We examined the feasibility of identifying, recruiting, screening and assessing primary care patients for psychiatric clinical trials using high-quality videoconferencing in a mock clinical trial. Methods: 1329 patients at two primary care clinics completed a self-report questionnaire. Those screening positive for major depression, panic, or generalized anxiety were given a diagnostic interview via videoconference. Those eligible were provided treatment as usual by their primary care physician, and had 6 weekly assessments by the off-site clinician via videoconferencing. Results: 45 patients were enrolled over 22 weeks, with 36 (80%) completing the six-week study with no more than two missed appointments. All diagnostic groups improved significantly; 94% reported they would participate again, 87% would recommend participation to others, 96% felt comfortable communicating via videoconference, and 94% were able to satisfactorily communicate their feelings via video. Conclusion: Results showed that primary care patients will enroll, participate in and complete psychiatric research protocols using remote interviews conducted via videoconference.
Thrinacodus Gunther 1879
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Thrinacodus

description: Thrinacodus Gunther, 1879. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879:144. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029014000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 591, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Evidence of a Mild Mutator Phenotype in Cambodian Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Parasites
Creators: name: Lee, Andrew H.
name: Fidock, David Armand
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Drug resistance in microorganisms
subject: Plasmodium falciparum
subject: Malaria
subject: Mutation (Biology)
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular biology
subject: Parasitology

description: Malaria control efforts have been continuously stymied by drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, which typically originate in Southeast Asia prior to spreading into high-transmission settings in Africa. One earlier proposed explanation for Southeast Asia being a hotbed of resistance has been the hypermutability or “Accelerated Resistance to Multiple Drugs” (ARMD) phenotype, whereby multidrug-resistant Southeast Asian parasites were reported to exhibit 1,000-fold higher rates of resistance to unrelated antimalarial agents when compared to drug-sensitive parasites. However, three recent studies do not recapitulate this hypermutability phenotype. Intriguingly, genome sequencing of recently derived multidrug-resistant Cambodian isolates has identified a high proportion of DNA repair gene mutations in multidrug-resistant parasites, suggesting their potential role in shaping local parasite evolution. By adapting fluctuation assays for use in P. falciparum, we have examined the in vitro mutation rates of five recent Cambodian isolates and three reference laboratory strains. For these studies we also generated a knockout parasite line lacking the DNA repair factor Exonuclease I. In these assays, parasites were typed for their ability to acquire resistance to KAE609, currently in advanced clinical trials, yielding 13 novel mutations in the Na+/H+-ATPase PfATP4, the primary resistance determinant. We observed no evidence of hypermutability. Instead, we found evidence of a mild mutator (up to a 3.4-fold increase in mutation rate) phenotype in two artemisinin-resistant Cambodian isolates, which carry DNA repair gene mutations. We observed that one such mutation in the Mismatch Repair protein Mlh1 contributes to the mild mutator phenotype when modeled in yeast (scmlh1-P157S). Compared to basal rates of mutation, a mild mutator phenotype may provide a greater overall benefit for parasites in Southeast Asia in terms of generating drug resistance without incurring detrimental fitness costs.
Application of Finite Strain Landau Theory To High Pressure Phase Transitions
Creators: name: Tröster, A.
name: Schranz, W.
name: Karsai, F.
name: Blaha, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we explain how to set up what is in fact the only possible consistent construction scheme for a Landau theory of high pressure phase transitions that systematically allows to take into account elastic nonlinearities. We also show how to incorporate available information on the pressure dependence of elastic constants taken from experiment or simulation. We apply our new theory to the example of the high pressure cubic-tetragonal phase transition in Strontium Titanate, a model perovskite that has played a central role in the development of the theory of structural phase transitions. Armed with pressure dependent elastic constants calculated by density functional theory, we give a both qualitatively as well as quantitatively satisfying description of recent high precision experimental data. Our nonlinear theory also allows to predict a number of additional elastic transition anomalies that are accessible to experiment.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Additional file 1 of Interprofessional versus monoprofessional case-based learning in childhood cancer and the effect on healthcare professionals’ knowledge and attitudes: study protocol for a randomised trial
Creators: name: Topperzer, Martha Krogh
name: Hoffmann, Marianne
name: Larsen, Hanne Bækgaard
name: Rosthøj, Susanne
name: Nersting, Jacob
name: Roug, Louise Ingerslev
name: Pontoppidan, Peter
name: Andrés-Jensen, Liv
name: Lausen, Birgitte
name: Schmiegelow, Kjeld
name: Sørensen, Jette Led
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Low-Scale Leptogenesis with Low-Energy Dirac CP-Violation
Creators: name: Granelli, Alessandro
name: Pascoli, Silvia
name: Petcov, Serguey T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the freeze-in scenario of leptogenesis via oscillations within the type-I seesaw model with two quasi-degenerate heavy Majorana neutrinos $N_{1,\,2}$ having masses $M_2 > M_1 \sim (0.1-100)\,\text{GeV}$, $(M_2-M_1)/M_1 \ll 1$, focusing on the role of the CP-violation provided by the Dirac phase $δ$ of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata lepton mixing matrix. We find that viable leptogenesis can be due solely to CP-violating values of $δ$ and that the $N_{1,\,2}$ total mixing squared $Θ^2=\sum_αΘ^2_α$ needed is within the reach of future experiments, $Θ_α$ parameterising the coupling to the charged lepton $α=e,\,μ,\,τ$. Furthermore, the required parameter space differs from that associated with additional Casas-Ibarra sources of CP-violation. Future determination of $δ$, $Θ^2$ and/or the ratios $Θ_τ^2:Θ^2_μ:Θ^2_e$ would provide a critical test of the considered scenario.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; matches version published in PRD
Multi input multi output neural population encoding
Creators: name: Lazar, Aurel A.
name: Pnevmatikakis, Eftychios
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical models
subject: Neural stimulation
subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: A formal mathematical model for representing neural stimuli is presented. The model enables the investigation of stimulus representation by spiking neurons, and provides algorithms that under certain conditions can recover the stimuli with no error, by knowing only the time of the spike trains. In our model, we assume that N bandlimited input stimuli approach the dendritic trees of M spiking neurons. Each stimulus comes to a different branch of each dendritic tree, and each dendritic tree is modeled as a linear time invariant (LTI) filter. The outputs of all dendritic branches are summed together with a background current (bias), and this sum enters the soma of each neuron, which is modeled as an Integrate-and-Fire neuron. We prove that under certain conditions, it is possible to recover all N input spike trains, by knowing only the M spike trains, and provide an algorithm for that purpose. The proof comes from the mathematical theory of frames and the conditions require a minimum average spike density from the neurons and some mild conditions in the impulse responses of the dendritic branches/filters. We illustrate this algorithm with an example that recovers the stimuli when the dendritic branches perform arbitrary but known time-shifts to the signal. This particular example is important as it illustrates how information from sensory neurons that respond with different latencies, can be combined together. Finally, the model points to the significance of neural population codes, as it shows that data from a single neuron can be misleading in terms of what the input stimulus is. We illustrate this significant observation with an example.
Three-dimensional Gaussian fluctuations of non-commutative random surfaces along time-like paths
Creators: name: Kuan, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a continuous-time non-commutative random walk on $U(\mathfrak{gl}_N)$ with dilation maps $U(\mathfrak{gl}_N)\rightarrow L^2(U(N))^{\otimes\infty}$. This is an analog of a continuous-time non-commutative random walk on the group von Neumann algebra $vN(U(N))$ constructed in [15], and is a variant of discrete-time non-commutative random walks on $U(\mathfrak{gl}_N)$ [2,9]. It is also shown that when restricting to the Gelfand-Tsetlin subalgebra of $U(\mathfrak{gl}_N),$ the non-commutative random walk matches a (2+1)-dimensional random surface model introduced in [7]. As an application, it is then proved that the moments converge to an explicit Gaussian field along time-like paths. Combining with [7] which showed convergence to the Gaussian free field along space-like paths, this computes the entire three-dimensional Gaussian field. In particular, it matches a Gaussian field from eigenvalues of random matrices [5].
description: 25 pages; version 2 fixes typos; version 3 shortens proof of Theorem 3.1
Relativistic stochastic mechanics II: Reduced Fokker-Planck equation in curved spacetime
Creators: name: Cai, Yifan
name: Wang, Tao
name: Zhao, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general covariant Fokker-Planck equations associated with the two different versions of covariant Langevin equation in Part I of this series of work are derived, both lead to the same reduced Fokker-Planck equation for the non-normalized one particle distribution function (1PDF). The relationship between various distribution functions is clarified in this process. Several macroscopic quantities are introduced by use of the 1PDF, and the results indicate an intimate connection with the description in relativistic kinetic theory. The concept of relativistic equilibrium state of the heat reservoir is also clarified, and, under the working assumption that the Brownian particle should approach the same equilibrium distribution as the heat reservoir in the long time limit, a general covariant version of Einstein relation arises.
description: 25 pages. Published version
Visual Cues of Object Properties Differentially Affect Anticipatory Planning of Digit Forces and Placement
Creators: name: Lee-Miller, Trevor
name: Marneweck, Michelle
name: Santello, Marco
name: Gordon, Andrew Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Confidence intervals
subject: Motor ability--Testing
subject: Visual perception
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Biomechanics
subject: Medical sciences

description: Studies on anticipatory planning of object manipulation showed initial task failure (i.e., object roll) when visual object shape cues are incongruent with other visual cues, such as weight distribution/density (e.g., symmetrically shaped object with an asymmetrical density). This suggests that shape cues override density cues. However, these studies typically only measured forces, with digit placement constrained. Recent evidence suggests that when digit placement is unconstrained, subjects modulate digit forces and placement. Thus, unconstrained digit placement might be modulated on initial trials (since it is an explicit process), but not forces (since it is an implicit process). We tested whether shape and density cues would differentially influence anticipatory planning of digit placement and forces during initial trials of a two-digit object manipulation task. Furthermore, we tested whether shape cues would override density cues when cues are incongruent. Subjects grasped and lifted an object with the aim of preventing roll. In Experiment 1, the object was symmetrically shaped, but with asymmetrical density (incongruent cues). In Experiment 2, the object was asymmetrical in shape and density (congruent cues). In Experiment 3, the object was asymmetrically shaped, but with symmetrical density (incongruent cues). Results showed differential modulation of digit placement and forces (modulation of load force but not placement), but only when shape and density cues were congruent. When shape and density cues were incongruent, we found collinear digit placement and symmetrical force sharing. This suggests that congruent and incongruent shape and density cues differentially influence anticipatory planning of digit forces and placement. Furthermore, shape cues do not always override density cues. A continuum of visual cues, such as those alluding to shape and density, need to be integrated.
Tensor-based formulation and nuclear norm regularization for multi-energy computed tomography
Creators: name: Semerci, Oguz
name: Hao, Ning
name: Kilmer, Misha E.
name: Miller, Eric L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of energy selective, photon counting X-ray detectors allows for a wide range of new possibilities in the area of computed tomographic image formation. Under the assumption of perfect energy resolution, here we propose a tensor-based iterative algorithm that simultaneously reconstructs the X-ray attenuation distribution for each energy. We use a multi-linear image model rather than a more standard "stacked vector" representation in order to develop novel tensor-based regularizers. Specifically, we model the multi-spectral unknown as a 3-way tensor where the first two dimensions are space and the third dimension is energy. This approach allows for the design of tensor nuclear norm regularizers, which like its two dimensional counterpart, is a convex function of the multi-spectral unknown. The solution to the resulting convex optimization problem is obtained using an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) approach. Simulation results shows that the generalized tensor nuclear norm can be used as a stand alone regularization technique for the energy selective (spectral) computed tomography (CT) problem and when combined with total variation regularization it enhances the regularization capabilities especially at low energy images where the effects of noise are most prominent.
title: Nachricht von der Schaubühne des Freyherrn Joseph von Petrasch; 1762
title: welche beym Abschiede Ihres bisherigen ordentliche Mitgliedes, Wohledlen und Wohlgelehrten Herrn Hieronymus Conrad Wagners, aus Nürnberg, der H. G. G. rühmlich Beflissenen, nebst schuldigem Glückwunsch zu Dessen wohl und löblich geendigter akademischer Zeit gelegenheitlich hier ertheilen wollte
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Altdorf, im Wintermonate, 1762
Unusual misregulation of RNA splicing caused by insertion of a transposable element into the T (Brachyury) locus
Creators: name: Goldin, Sarah
name: Papaioannou, Virginia E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Gene expression
subject: Allelomorphism
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: The TWis mutant allele of the Brachyury, or T, gene was created by insertion of an endogenous retrovirus-like early transposon (ETn) element into the exon 7 splice donor consensus sequence of the 8 exon T locus. While the developmental consequences of this disruption have been well characterized, the molecular consequences have not been previously investigated, and it has been assumed that the insertion results in a truncated protein. This study sought to further characterize the mutant TWis allele by investigating the nature of the transcripts produced by insertion of this transposable element. Results: Using an RT-PCR based approach, we have shown that at least 8 different mutant transcripts are produced from the TWis allele. All TWis transcripts bypass the mutated exon 7 splice donor site, such that wild type T transcripts are not produced from the TWis allele. Conclusions: This result shows an unsuspected misregulation of RNA splicing caused by insertion of a transposable element, that could have more widespread consequences in the genome.
The GAPS program at TNG XLVII: The unusual formation history of V1298 Tau
Creators: name: Turrini, D.
name: Marzari, F.
name: Polychroni, D.
name: Claudi, R.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Mesa, D.
name: Pinamonti, M.
name: Sozzetti, A.
name: Mascareño, A. Suárez
name: Damasso, M.
name: Benatti, S.
name: Malavolta, L.
name: Micela, G.
name: Zinzi, A.
name: Béjar, V. J. S.
name: Biazzo, K.
name: Bignamini, A.
name: Bonavita, M.
name: Borsa, F.
name: del Burgo, C.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Delorme, P.
name: Hernández, J. I. González
name: Gratton, R.
name: Hagelberg, J.
name: Janson, M.
name: Langlois, M.
name: Lanza, A. F.
name: Lazzoni, C.
name: Lodieu, N.
name: Maggio, A.
name: Mancini, L.
name: Molinari, E.
name: Molinaro, M.
name: Murgas, F.
name: Nardiello, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational data from space and ground-based campaigns reveal that the 10-30 Ma old V1298 Tau star hosts a compact and massive system of four planets. Mass estimates for the two outer giant planets point to unexpectedly high densities for their young ages. We investigate the formation of these two outermost giant planets, V1298 Tau b and e, and the present dynamical state of V1298 Tau's global architecture to shed light on the history of this young and peculiar extrasolar system. We perform detailed N-body simulations to explore the link between the densities of V1298 Tau b and e and their migration and accretion of planetesimals within the native circumstellar disk. We combine N-body simulations and the normalized angular momentum deficit (NAMD) analysis to characterize V1298 Tau's dynamical state and connect it to the formation history of the system. We search for outer planetary companions to constrain V1298 Tau's architecture and the extension of its primordial circumstellar disk. The high densities of V1298 Tau b and e suggest they formed quite distant from their host star, likely beyond the CO$_2$ snowline. The higher nominal density of V1298 Tau e suggests it formed farther out than V1298 Tau b. The current architecture of V1298 Tau is not characterized by resonant chains. Planet-planet scattering with an outer giant planet is the most likely cause for the instability, but our search for outer companions using SPHERE and GAIA observations excludes only the presence of planets more massive than 2 M$_\textrm{J}$. The most plausible scenario for V1298 Tau's formation is that the system is formed by convergent migration and resonant trapping of planets born in a compact and plausibly massive disk. The migration of V1298 Tau b and e leaves in its wake a dynamically excited protoplanetary disk and creates the conditions for the resonant chain breaking by planet-planet scattering.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication on Astronomy and Astrophysics
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7 Formal Consultation for the Imnamatnoon Road 568 Road Repair Project, Idaho County, Idaho, Imnamatnoon Creek Watershed, HUC 1706030302
titleType: Other
Creators: name: DeFrees, Brad
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service United States. Forest Service United States. Army. Corps of Engineers
Year: 2018

description: WCR-2018-10444
Clustering South African households based on their asset status using latent variable models
Creators: name: McParland, Damien
name: Gormley, Isobel Claire
name: McCormick, Tyler H.
name: Clark, Samuel J.
name: Kabudula, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson
name: Collinson, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance System has since 2001 conducted a biannual household asset survey in order to quantify household socio-economic status (SES) in a rural population living in northeast South Africa. The survey contains binary, ordinal and nominal items. In the absence of income or expenditure data, the SES landscape in the study population is explored and described by clustering the households into homogeneous groups based on their asset status. A model-based approach to clustering the Agincourt households, based on latent variable models, is proposed. In the case of modeling binary or ordinal items, item response theory models are employed. For nominal survey items, a factor analysis model, similar in nature to a multinomial probit model, is used. Both model types have an underlying latent variable structure - this similarity is exploited and the models are combined to produce a hybrid model capable of handling mixed data types. Further, a mixture of the hybrid models is considered to provide clustering capabilities within the context of mixed binary, ordinal and nominal response data. The proposed model is termed a mixture of factor analyzers for mixed data (MFA-MD). The MFA-MD model is applied to the survey data to cluster the Agincourt households into homogeneous groups. The model is estimated within the Bayesian paradigm, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Intuitive groupings result, providing insight to the different socio-economic strata within the Agincourt region.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS726 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
XMM-Newton observations of the TeV-discovered supernova remnant HESS J1534-571
Creators: name: Nguyen-Dang, N. T.
name: Pühlhofer, G.
name: Sasaki, M.
name: Bamba, A.
name: Doroshenko, V.
name: Santangelo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results obtained from XMM-Newton observations of the TeV-detected supernova remnant (SNR) HESS J1534-571. We focus on the nature of the cosmic-ray particle content in the SNR, which is revealed by its $γ$-ray emission. No signatures of X-ray synchrotron emission were detected from the SNR. This is consistent with earlier results obtained with Suzaku from other regions of the object. A joint modeling of the XMM-Newton and Suzaku spectra yields an upper limit for the total X-ray flux from the SNR area of $\sim$ 5.62$ \times 10^{-13} \ \mathrm{erg\ cm^{-2}\ s^{-1}}$ (95% c.l.) in the energy band of 2-10 keV, for an assumed photon index of 2.0. On the other hand, we do find evidence in the XMM-Newton data for a line-like emission feature at 6.4 keV from localized regions, again confirming earlier Suzaku measurements. We discuss the findings in the context of the origin of the observed $γ$-ray emission. Although neither hadronic nor leptonic scenarios can be fully ruled out, the observed line emission can be interpreted as the result of interactions between lower energy ($\sim$ MeV) cosmic-ray protons with high gas density regions in and around HESS J1534-571, and thus potentially be associated with particles accelerated in the SNR.
Spectral and polarization properties of reflected X-ray emission from black-hole accretion discs for a distant observer: the lamp-post model
Creators: name: Podgorný, Jakub
name: Dovčiak, Michal
name: Goosmann, René
name: Marin, Frédéric
name: Matt, Giorgio
name: Różańska, Agata
name: Karas, Vladimír
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rebirth of X-ray polarimetric instruments will have a significant impact on our knowledge of compact accreting sources. The properties of inner-accreting regions of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or X-ray binary systems (XRBs), such as black-hole spin, their disc inclination and orientation, shape and size of their corona, can be polarimetrically studied, parallelly to the well-known X-ray spectroscopic and timing techniques. In this work, we provide a new spectropolarimetric numerical estimate of X-rays in the lamp-post coronal model for a distant observer, including a polarized reflected radiation from the accretion disc. The local disc reflection was simulated using the codes TITAN and STOKES and includes variable disc ionization as well as Monte Carlo treatment of Compton multiple scatterings. We introduce a relativistic code KYNSTOKES based on our well-tested KY package that accounts for all relativistic effects on radiation near a black hole, apart from the returning radiation, and adds a possibility of polarized coronal emission. We study the spectrum, polarization degree and polarization angle at spatial infinity for various global system parameters and we demonstrate the difference at infinity, if analytical local reflection computations are used. We newly predict that in the hard X-rays the reflected component can be 25% polarized and the total emission can be 9% polarized in the most favourable, yet realistic configurations of radio-quiet AGNs. Thus, the relativistic disc reflection remains important for the interpretation of X-ray polarimetric observations.
description: 25 pages, 23 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Figures 6, 7, 9, 10, 15, 16 corrected
Knowledge and use of emergency contraception among women in the Western Cape province of South Africa: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Myer, Benjamin Landon
name: Mlobeli, Regina
name: Cooper, Di
name: Smit, Jennifer
name: Morroni, Chelsea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Emergency contraceptives
Epidemiology
Public health

description: Background: Emergency contraception (EC) is widely available free of charge at public sector clinics in South Africa. At the same time, rates of teenage and unintended pregnancy in South Africa remain high, and there are few data on knowledge of EC in the general population in South Africa, as in other resource-limited settings. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, interviewer-administered survey among 831 sexually active women at 26 randomly selected public sector clinics in the Western Cape province. Results: Overall, 30% of the women had ever heard of EC when asked directly, after the method was described to them. Only 15% mentioned EC by name or description spontaneously. Knowledge of EC was independently associated with higher education, being married, and living in an urban setting. Four percent of women had ever used EC. Discussion: These data suggest that knowledge of EC in this setting is more common among women of higher socioeconomic status living in urban areas. For EC to play a role in decreasing unintended pregnancy in South Africa, specific interventions are necessary to increase knowledge of the method, where to get it, and the appropriate time interval for its use before the need for EC arises. Future health promotion campaigns should target rural and low socioeconomic status communities.
The Association between Negative Symptoms, Psychotic Experiences and Later Schizophrenia: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study
Creators: name: Werbelof, Nomi
name: Dohrenwend, Bruce
name: Yoffe, Rinat
name: Van Os, Jim
name: Davidson, Michael
name: Weiser, Mark
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Psychosis
subject: Schizophrenia--Risk factors
subject: Psychology, Pathological
subject: Mental health
subject: Public health
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background
Psychotic experiences are common in the general population, and predict later psychotic illness. Much less is known about negative symptoms in the general population.
Method
This study utilized a sample of 4,914 Israel-born individuals aged 25–34 years who were screened for psychopathology in the 1980's. Though not designed to specifically assess negative symptoms, data were available on 9 self-report items representing avolition and social withdrawal, and on 5 interviewer-rated items assessing speech deficits, flat affect and poor hygiene. Psychotic experiences were assessed using the False Beliefs and Perceptions subscale of the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview. Psychiatric hospitalization was ascertained 24 years later using a nation-wide psychiatric hospitalization registry.
Results
After removing subjects with diagnosable psychotic disorders at baseline, 20.2% had at least one negative symptom. Negative symptoms were associated with increased risk of later schizophrenia only in the presence of strong (frequent) psychotic experiences (OR = 13.0, 9% CI: 2.1–79.4).
Conclusions
Negative symptoms are common in the general population, though the majority of people with negative symptoms do not manifest a clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorder. Negative symptoms and psychotic experiences critically depend on each other’s co-occurrence in increasing risk for later schizophrenia.
Learning to Select SAT Encodings for Pseudo-Boolean and Linear Integer Constraints
Creators: name: Ulrich-Oltean, Felix
name: Nightingale, Peter
name: Walker, James Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many constraint satisfaction and optimisation problems can be solved effectively by encoding them as instances of the Boolean Satisfiability problem (SAT). However, even the simplest types of constraints have many encodings in the literature with widely varying performance, and the problem of selecting suitable encodings for a given problem instance is not trivial. We explore the problem of selecting encodings for pseudo-Boolean and linear constraints using a supervised machine learning approach. We show that it is possible to select encodings effectively using a standard set of features for constraint problems; however we obtain better performance with a new set of features specifically designed for the pseudo-Boolean and linear constraints. In fact, we achieve good results when selecting encodings for unseen problem classes. Our results compare favourably to AutoFolio when using the same feature set. We discuss the relative importance of instance features to the task of selecting the best encodings, and compare several variations of the machine learning method.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, accapted by Constraints Journal (Springer, 2023)
Electrographic Waveform Structure Predicts Laminar Focus Location in a Model of
Temporal Lobe Seizures In Vitro
Creators: name: Adams, Christopher
name: Adams, Natalie E.
name: Traub, Roger D.
name: Whittington, Miles A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Hippocampus (Brain)
subject: Brain--Physiology
subject: Brain--Electric properties
subject: Temporal lobe epilepsy
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of partial-onset epilepsy and accounts for the majority of adult epilepsy cases in most countries. A critical role for the hippocampus (and to some extent amygdala) in the pathology of these epilepsies is clear, with selective removal of these regions almost as effective as temporal lobectomy in reducing subsequent seizure risk. However, there is debate about whether hippocampus is ‘victim’ or ‘perpetrator’: The structure is ideally placed to ‘broadcast’ epileptiform activity to a great many other brain regions, but removal often leaves epileptiform events still occurring in cortex, particularly in adjacent areas, and recruitment of the hippocampus into seizure-like activity has been shown to be difficult in clinically-relevant models. Using a very simple model of acute epileptiform activity with known, single primary pathology (GABAA Receptor partial blockade), we track the onset and propagation of epileptiform events in hippocampus, parahippocampal areas and neocortex. In this model the hippocampus acts as a potential seizure focus for the majority of observed events. Events with hippocampal focus were far more readily propagated throughout parahippocampal areas and into neocortex than vice versa. The electrographic signature of events of hippocampal origin was significantly different to those of primary neocortical origin – a consequence of differential laminar activation. These data confirm the critical role of the hippocampus in epileptiform activity generation in the temporal lobe and suggest the morphology of non-invasive electrical recording of neocortical interictal events may be useful in confirming this role.
Dissipative quantum metrology in manybody systems of identical particles
Creators: name: Benatti, F.
name: Alipour, S.
name: Rezakhani, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimation of physical parameters is a must in almost any part of science and technology. The enhancement of the performances in this task, e.g., beating the standard classical shot-noise limit, using available physical resources is a major goal in metrology. Quantum metrology in closed systems has indicated that entanglement in such systems may be a useful resource. However, it is not yet fully understood whether in open quantum systems such enhancements may still show up. Here, we consider a dissipative (open) quantum system of identical particles in which a parameter of the open dynamics itself is to be estimated. We employ a recently-developed dissipative quantum metrology framework, and investigate whether the entanglement produced in the course of the dissipative dynamics may help the estimation task. Specifically, we show that even in a Markovian dynamics, in which states become less distinguishable in time, at small enough times entanglement generated by the dynamics may offer some advantage over the classical shot-noise limit.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
MPEC 2023-M17 : 2023 LD2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 LD2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Loop formulation of the supersymmetric nonlinear O(N) sigma model
Creators: name: Steinhauer, Kyle
name: Wenger, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the fermion loop formulation for the supersymmetric nonlinear O$(N)$ sigma model by performing a hopping expansion using Wilson fermions. In this formulation the fermionic contribution to the partition function becomes a sum over all possible closed non-oriented fermion loop configurations. The interaction between the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom is encoded in the constraints arising from the supersymmetry and induces flavour changing fermion loops. For $N \ge 3$ this leads to fermion loops which are no longer self-avoiding and hence to a potential sign problem. Since we use Wilson fermions the bare mass needs to be tuned to the chiral point. For $N=2$ we determine the critical point and present boson and fermion masses in the critical regime.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2013), 29 July - 3 August 2013, Mainz, Germany
Six-dimensional one-loop divergences in quantum gravity from the $\mathcal{N}=4$ spinning particle
Creators: name: Bastianelli, Fiorenzo
name: Comberiati, Francesco
name: Fecit, Filippo
name: Ori, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the computation of the counterterms necessary for the renormalization of the one-loop effective action of quantum gravity using both the worldline formalism and the heat kernel method. Our primary contribution is the determination of the Seleey-DeWitt coefficient $a_3(D)$ for perturbative quantum gravity with a cosmological constant, which we evaluate on Einstein manifolds of arbitrary $D$ dimensions. This coefficient characterizes quantum gravity in a gauge-invariant manner due to the on-shell condition of the background on which the graviton propagates. Previously, this coefficient was not fully known in the literature. We employ the $\mathcal{N}=4$ spinning particle model recently proposed to describe the graviton in first quantization and then use the heat kernel method to cross-check the correctness of our calculations. Finally, we restrict to six dimensions, where the coefficient corresponds to the logarithmic divergences of the effective action, and compare our results with those available in the literature.
description: 38 pages. Updated version accepted for publication. A couple of typos have been corrected
k-resolved susceptibility function of 2H-TaSe2 from angle-resolved photoemission
Creators: name: Laverock, J.
name: Newby, D.
name: Abreu, E.
name: Averitt, R.
name: Smith, K. E.
name: Singh, R. P.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Adell, J.
name: Balasubramanian, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between the Fermi surface and charge-density wave (CDW) order is revisited in 2H-TaSe2. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, ab initio band structure calculations, and an accurate tight-binding model, we develop the empirical k-resolved susceptibility function, which we use to highlight states that contribute to the susceptibility for a particular q-vector. We show that although the Fermi surface is involved in the peaks in the susceptibility associated with CDW order, it is not through conventional Fermi surface nesting, but rather through finite energy transitions from states located far from the Fermi level. Comparison with monolayer TaSe2 illustrates the different mechanisms that are involved in the absence of bilayer splitting.
Controlling stable Bloch points with electric currents
Creators: name: Lang, Martin
name: Pathak, Swapneel Amit
name: Holt, Samuel J. R.
name: Beg, Marijan
name: Fangohr, Hans
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bloch point is a point singularity in the magnetisation configuration, where the magnetisation vanishes. It can exist as an equilibrium configuration and plays an important role in many magnetisation reversal processes. In the present work, we focus on manipulating Bloch points in a system that can host stable Bloch points - a two-layer FeGe nanostrip with opposite chirality of the two layers. We drive Bloch points using spin-transfer torques and find that Bloch points can move collectively without any Hall effect and report that Bloch points are repelled from the sample boundaries and each other. We study pinning of Bloch points at wedge-shaped constrictions (notches) in the nanostrip and demonstrate that arrays of Bloch points can be moved past a series of notches in a controlled manner by applying consecutive current pulses of different strength. Finally, we simulate a T-shaped geometry and demonstrate that a Bloch point can be moved along different paths by applying current between suitable strip ends.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
High-order post-Newtonian expansion of the generalized redshift invariant for eccentric-orbit, equatorial extreme-mass-ratio inspirals with a spinning primary
Creators: name: Munna, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive new terms in the post-Newtonian (PN) expansion of the generalized redshift invariant $\langle u^t \rangle_τ$ for a small body in eccentric, equatorial orbit about a massive Kerr black hole. The series is computed analytically using the Teukolsky formalism for first-order black hole perturbation theory (BHPT), along with the CCK method for metric reconstruction using the Hertz potential in ingoing radiation gauge. Modal contributions with small values of $l$ are derived via the semi-analytic solution of Mano-Suzuki-Takasugi (MST), while the remaining values of $l$ to infinity are determined via direct expansion of the Teukolsky equation. Each PN order is calculated as a series in eccentricity $e$ but kept exact in the primary black hole's spin parameter $a$. In total, the PN terms are expanded to $e^{16}$ through 6PN relative order, and separately to $e^{10}$ through 8PN relative order. Upon grouping eccentricity coefficients by spin dependence, we find that many resulting component terms can be simplified to closed-form functions of eccentricity, in close analogy to corresponding terms derived previously in the Schwarzschild limit. We use numerical calculations to compare convergence of the full series to its Schwarzschild counterpart and discuss implications for gravitational wave analysis.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures
Light-absorbing secondary organic material formed by glyoxal in aqueous aerosol mimics
Creators: name: Shapiro, E. L.
name: Szprengiel, J.
name: Sareen, N.
name: Jen, C. N.
name: Giordano, M. R.
name: McNeill, Vivian Faye
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Light absorption
subject: Atmospheric aerosols
subject: Glyoxal
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Light-absorbing and high-molecular-weight secondary organic products were observed to result from the reaction of glyoxal in mildly acidic (pH=4) aqueous inorganic salt solutions mimicking aqueous tropospheric aerosol particles. High-molecular-weight (500–600 amu) products were observed when ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) or sodium chloride (NaCl) was present in the aqueous phase. The products formed in (NH4)2SO4 or ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) solutions absorb light at UV and visible wavelengths. Substantial absorption at 300–400 nm develops within two hours, and absorption between 400–600 nm develops within days. Pendant drop tensiometry measurements show that the products are not surface-active. The experimental results along with ab initio predictions of the UV/Vis absorption of potential products suggest a mechanism involving the participation of the ammonium ion. If similar products are formed in atmospheric aerosol particles, they could change the optical properties of the seed aerosol over its lifetime.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Parity in Bangladeshi Women
Creators: name: Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Briseis
name: Argos, Maria
name: Pierce, Brandon L.
name: Tong, Lin
name: Jasmine, Farzana
name: Roy, Shantanu
name: Parvez, Muhammad F.
name: Ahmed, Alauddin
name: Islam, Tariqul
name: Kibriya, Muhammad G.
name: Ahsan, Habibul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Human gene mapping
subject: Human genome
subject: Fertility, Human
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Public health

description: Human fertility is a complex trait determined by gene-environment interactions in which genetic factors represent a significant component. To better understand inter-individual variability in fertility, we performed one of the first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of common fertility phenotypes, lifetime number of pregnancies and number of children in a developing country population. The fertility phenotype data and DNA samples were obtained at baseline recruitment from individuals participating in a large prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. GWAS analyses of fertility phenotypes were conducted among 1,686 married women. One SNP on chromosome 4 was non-significantly associated with number of children at P <10^-7and number of pregnancies at P <10^-6. This SNP is located in a region without a gene within 1 Mb. One SNP on chromosome 6 was non-significantly associated with extreme number of children at P <10^-6. The closest gene to this SNP is HDGFL1, a hepatoma-derived growth factor. When we excluded hormonal contraceptive users, a SNP on chromosome 5 was non-significantly associated at P <10^-5 for number of children and number of pregnancies. This SNP is located near C5orf64, an open reading frame, and ZSWIM6, a zinc ion binding gene. We also estimated the heritability of these phenotypes from our genotype data using GCTA (Genome-wide Complex Trait Analysis) for number of children (hg² = 0.149, SE = 0.24, p-value = 0.265) and number of pregnancies (hg² = 0.007, SE = 0.22, p-value = 0.487). Our genome-wide association study and heritability estimates of number of pregnancies and number of children in Bangladesh did not confer strong evidence of common variants for parity variation. However, our results suggest that future studies may want to consider the role of 3 notable SNPs in their analysis.