cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Propensity Score Matching and Subclassification in Observational Studies with Multi-level Treatments
Creators: name: Yang, Shu
name: Imbens, Guido W.
name: Cui, Zhanglin
name: Faries, Douglas
name: Kadziola, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we develop new methods for estimating average treatment effects in observational studies, focusing on settings with more than two treatment levels under unconfoundedness given pre-treatment variables. We emphasize subclassification and matching methods which have been found to be effective in the binary treatment literature and which are among the most popular methods in that setting. Whereas the literature has suggested that these particular propensity-based methods do not naturally extend to the multi-level treatment case, we show, using the concept of weak unconfoundedness, that adjusting for or matching on a scalar function of the pre-treatment variables removes all biases associated with observed pre-treatment variables. We apply the proposed methods to an analysis of the effect of treatments for fibromyalgia. We also carry out a simulation study to assess the finite sample performance of the methods relative to previously proposed methods.
description: 29 pages, 1 figure
Facilitation of Serotonin Signaling by SSRIs is Attenuated by Social Isolation
Creators: name: Dankoski, Elyse C.
name: Wightman, R. Mark
name: Agster, Kara L.
name: Fox, Megan E.
name: Moy, Sheryl S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Hypofunction of the serotonergic system is often associated with major depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed to treat these disorders, and require 3–6 weeks of chronic treatment before improvements in the symptoms are observed. SSRIs inhibit serotonin's transporter, and in doing so, increase extracellular serotonin concentrations. Thus, efficacy of SSRIs likely depends upon the brain's adaptive response to sustained increases in serotonin levels. Individual responsiveness to SSRI treatment may depend on a variety of factors that influence these changes, including ongoing stress. Social isolation is a passive, naturalistic form of chronic mild stress that can model depression in rodents. In this study, we examined how 20-day treatment with the SSRI citalopram (CIT) alters marble-burying (MB), open field behavior, and serotonin signaling in single- vs pair-housed animals. We used in vivo voltammetry to measure electrically evoked serotonin, comparing release rate, net overflow, and clearance. Pair-housed mice were significantly more responsive to CIT treatment, exhibiting reduced MB and facilitation of serotonin release that positively correlated with the frequency of electrical stimulation. These effects of CIT treatment were attenuated in single-housed mice. Notably, although CIT treatment enhanced serotonin release in pair-housed mice, it did not significantly alter uptake rate. In summary, we report that chronic SSRI treatment facilitates serotonin release in a frequency-dependent manner, and this effect is blocked by social isolation. These findings suggest that the efficacy of SSRIs in treating depression and OCD may depend on ongoing stressors during treatment.
(400242) William William Baxter
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Rat Nucleus Accumbens Core Astrocytes Modulate Reward and the Motivation to Self-Administer Ethanol after Abstinence
Creators: name: Minter, Sabrina C.
name: Negus, S. Stevens
name: Bull, Cecilia
name: Knapp, Pamela E.
name: Shelton, Keith L.
name: Poland, Ryan S.
name: Hauser, Kurt F.
name: Syed, Wahab A.
name: Urban, Daniel J.
name: Bowers, M. Scott
name: Zou, Shiping
name: Freitas, Kelen C.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Our understanding of the active role that astrocytes play in modulating neuronal function and behavior is rapidly expanding, but little is known about the role that astrocytes may play in drug-seeking behavior for commonly abused substances. Given that the nucleus accumbens is critically involved in substance abuse and motivation, we sought to determine whether nucleus accumbens astrocytes influence the motivation to self-administer ethanol following abstinence. We found that the packing density of astrocytes that were expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein increased in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) during abstinence from EtOH self-administration. No change was observed in the nucleus accumbens shell. This increased NAcore astrocyte density positively correlated with the motivation for ethanol. Astrocytes can communicate with one another and influence neuronal activity through gap-junction hemichannels. Because of this, the effect of blocking gap-junction hemichannels on the motivation for ethanol was examined. The motivation to self-administer ethanol after 3 weeks abstinence was increased following microinjection of gap-junction hemichannel blockers into the NAcore at doses that block both neuronal and astrocytic channels. In contrast, no effect was observed following microinjection of doses that are not thought to block astrocytic channels or following microinjection of either dose into the nucleus accumbens shell. Additionally, the motivation for sucrose after 3 weeks abstinence was unaffected by NAcore gap-junction hemichannel blockers. Next, Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) were selectively expressed in NAcore astrocytes to test the effect of astrocyte stimulation. DREADD activation increased cytosolic calcium in primary astrocytes, facilitated responding for rewarding brain stimulation, and reduced the motivation for ethanol after 3 weeks abstinence. This is the first work to modulate drug-seeking behavior with astrocyte-specific DREADDs. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that NAcore astrocytes can shape the motivation to self-administer ethanol; suggesting that the development of ligands which selectively stimulate astrocytes may be a successful strategy to abate ethanol-seeking behavior.
(400243) Agnes Boyd
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Intrinsic life-time and external manipulation of Neel states in antiferromagnetic adatom spins on semiconductor surfaces
Creators: name: Li, Jun
name: Liu, Bang-Gui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that antiferromagnetic Fe adatom spins on semiconductor Cu-N surfaces can be used to store information [S. Loth {\it et al}, Science \textbf{335}, 196 (2012)]. Here, we investigate spin dynamics of such antiferromagnetic systems through Monte Carlo simulations. We find out the temperature and size laws of switching rates of Néel states and show that the Néel states can become stable enough for the information storage when the number of spins reaches to one or two dozens of the Fe spins. We also explore promising methods for manipulating the Néel states. These could help realize information storage with such antiferromagnetic spin systems.
description: 5 pages including 5 figures
Rate of Chiari I Malformation in Children of Mothers with Depression with and without Prenatal SSRI Exposure
Creators: name: Smith, J. Keith
name: Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.
name: Woolson, Sandra
name: Lury, Kenneth
name: Meltzer-Brody, Samantha
name: Hamer, Robert M.
name: Gilmore, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently prescribed to pregnant women. Therefore, research on in utero exposure to SSRIs can be helpful in informing patients and clinicians. The aim of this retrospective two-cohort study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant increase in Chiari I malformations (CIM) in children exposed to SSRIs during pregnancy. A total of 33 children whose mothers received a diagnosis of depression and took SSRIs during pregnancy (SSRI-exposed cohort) were matched to 66 children with no history of maternal depression and no SSRI exposure. In addition, 30 children whose mothers received a diagnosis of depression, but did not receive antidepressants during pregnancy (history of maternal depression cohort), were matched to 60 children with no history of maternal depression and no SSRI exposure. Main outcome was presence/absence of CIM on MRI scans at 1 and/or 2 years of age. Scans were reviewed by two independent neuroradiologists who were blind to exposure status. The SSRI-exposed children were significantly more likely to be classified as CIM than comparison children with no history of maternal depression and no SSRI exposure (18% vs 2%, p=0.003, OR estimate 10.32, 95% Wald confidence limits 2.04–102.46). Duration of SSRI exposure, SSRI exposure at conception, and family history of depression increased the risk. The history of maternal depression cohort did not differ from comparison children with no history of maternal depression and no SSRI exposure in occurrence of CIM (7% vs 5%, p=0.75, OR estimate 1.44, 95% Wald confidence limits 0.23–7.85). Replication is needed, as is additional research to clarify whether SSRIs directly impact risk for CIM or whether this relationship is mediated by severity of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. We would discourage clinicians from altering their prescribing practices until such research is available.
Unidirectional Transport in Electronic and Photonic Weyl Materials by Dirac Mass Engineering
Creators: name: Bi, Ren
name: Wang, Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unidirectional transports have been observed in two-dimensional systems, however, so far they have not been experimentally observed in three-dimensional bulk materials. In this theoretical work we show that the recently discovered Weyl materials provide a platform for unidirectional transports inside bulk materials. With high experimental feasibility, a complex Dirac mass can be generated and manipulated in the photonic Weyl crystals, creating unidirectionally propagating modes observable in transmission experiments. Possible realization in (electronic) Weyl semimetals is also studied. We show in a lattice model that, with a short-range interaction, the desired form of the Dirac mass can be spontaneously generated in a first-order transition.
description: 9 pages, with supplemental material
Quantum gas microscopy with spin, atom-number and multi-layer readout
Creators: name: Preiss, Philipp M.
name: Ma, Ruichao
name: Tai, M. Eric
name: Simon, Jonathan
name: Greiner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom- and site-resolved experiments with ultracold atoms in optical lattices provide a powerful platform for the simulation of strongly correlated materials. In this letter, we present a toolbox for the preparation, control and site-resolved detection of a tunnel-coupled bilayer degenerate quantum gas. Using a collisional blockade, we engineer occupation-dependent inter-plane transport which enables us to circumvent light-assisted pair loss during imaging and count n=0 to n=3 atoms per site. We obtain the first number- and site-resolved images of the Mott insulator "wedding cake" structure and observe the emergence of antiferromagnetic ordering across a magnetic quantum phase transition. We are further able to employ the bilayer system for spin-resolved readout of a mixture of two hyperfine states. This work opens the door to direct detection of entanglement and Kosterlitz-Thouless-type phase dynamics, as well as studies of coupled planar quantum materials.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Un siècle de romanciers ardennais
Creators: name: André, Dazy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: affiche, poster, romanciers, Ardennes, ardennais
subject: http://ark.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb159581281

description: Cette affiche a été réalisée dans le cadre de l'exposition "un siècle de romanciers ardennais" qui s'est tenue à Charleville-Mézières dans les Ardennes à la bibliothèque Centrale, aujourd'hui médiathèque Voyelles, du 16 juillet au 5 septembre 1998.
Singular perturbations approach to localized surface-plasmon resonance: Nearly touching metal nanospheres
Creators: name: Schnitzer, Ory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metallic nano-structures characterised by multiple geometric length scales support low-frequency surface-plasmon modes, which enable strong light localization and field enhancement. We suggest studying such configurations using singular perturbation methods, and demonstrate the efficacy of this approach by considering, in the quasi-static limit, a pair of nearly touching metallic nano-spheres subjected to an incident electromagnetic wave polarized with the electric field along the line of sphere centers. Rather than attempting an exact analytical solution, we construct the pertinent (longitudinal) eigen-modes by matching relatively simple asymptotic expansions valid in overlapping spatial domains. We thereby arrive at an effective boundary eigenvalue problem in a half-space representing the metal region in the vicinity of the gap. Coupling with the gap field gives rise to a mixed-type boundary condition with varying coefficients, whereas coupling with the particle-scale field enters through an integral eigenvalue selection rule involving the electrostatic capacitance of the configuration. By solving the reduced problem we obtain accurate closed-form expressions for the resonance values of the metal dielectric function. Furthermore, together with an energy-like integral relation, the latter eigen-solutions yield also closed-form approximations for the induced-dipole moment and gap-field enhancement under resonance. We demonstrate agreement between the asymptotic formulas and a semi-numerical computation. The analysis, underpinned by asymptotic scaling arguments, elucidates how metal polarization together with geometrical confinement enables a strong plasmon-frequency redshift and amplified near-field at resonance.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
(400244) James Saunders
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Time-Space Trade-offs for Triangulations and Voronoi Diagrams
Creators: name: Korman, Matias
name: Mulzer, Wolfgang
name: van Renssen, Andre
name: Roeloffzen, Marcel
name: Seiferth, Paul
name: Stein, Yannik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Let $S$ be a planar $n$-point set. A triangulation for $S$ is a maximal plane straight-line graph with vertex set $S$. The Voronoi diagram for $S$ is the subdivision of the plane into cells such that all points in a cell have the same nearest neighbor in $S$. Classically, both structures can be computed in $O(n \log n)$ time and $O(n)$ space. We study the situation when the available workspace is limited: given a parameter $s \in \{1, \dots, n\}$, an $s$-workspace algorithm has read-only access to an input array with the points from $S$ in arbitrary order, and it may use only $O(s)$ additional words of $Θ(\log n)$ bits for reading and writing intermediate data. The output should then be written to a write-only structure. We describe a deterministic $s$-workspace algorithm for computing an arbitrary triangulation of $S$ in time $O(n^2/s + n \log n \log s )$ and a randomized $s$-workspace algorithm for finding the Voronoi diagram of $S$ in expected time $O((n^2/s) \log s + n \log s \log^*s)$.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, a preliminary version appeared in WADS 2015
Calorimeter insert for ePIC
Creators: name: Arratia, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: SiPM-on-tile
calorimeter
Electron-Ion Collider
particle flow

description: Talk advocating a high-granularity calorimeter insert based on SiPM-on-tile technology for the ePIC detector at the EIC.
 Presented at the ePIC collaboration meeting in Jefferson Lab. 10 January 2023.
Stress Hormone Exposure Reduces mGluR5 Expression in the Nucleus Accumbens: Functional Implications for Interoceptive Sensitivity to Alcohol
Creators: name: Besheer, Joyce
name: Jaramillo, Anel A.
name: Cannady, Reginald
name: Frisbee, Suzanne
name: Fisher, Kristen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Escalations in alcohol drinking associated with experiencing stressful life events and chronic life stressors may be related to altered sensitivity to the interoceptive/subjective effects of alcohol. Indeed, through the use of drug discrimination methods, rats show decreased sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus (interoceptive) effects of alcohol following exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). This exposure produces heightened elevations in plasma CORT levels (eg, as may be experienced by an individual during stressful episodes). We hypothesized that decreased sensitivity to alcohol may be related, in part, to changes in metabotropic glutamate receptors-subtype 5 (mGluR5) in the nucleus accumbens, as these receptors in this brain region are known to regulate the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol. In the accumbens, we found reduced mGluR5 expression (immunohistochemistry and Western blot) and decreased neural activation (as measured by c-Fos immunohistochemistry) in response to a moderate alcohol dose (1 g/kg) following CORT exposure (7 days). The functional role of these CORT-induced adaptations in relation to the discriminative stimulus effects of alcohol was confirmed, as both the systemic administration of 3-Cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (CDPPB) an mGluR5 positive allosteric modulator and the intra-accumbens administration of (R,S)-2-Amino-2-(2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid sodium salt (CHPG) an mGluR5 agonist restored sensitivity to alcohol in discrimination-trained rats. These results suggest that activation of mGluR5 may alleviate the functional impact of the CORT-induced downregulation of mGluR5 in relation to sensitivity to alcohol. Understanding the contribution of such neuroadaptations to the interoceptive effects of alcohol may enrich our understanding of potential changes in subjective sensitivity to alcohol during stressful episodes.
(400238) William Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400239) Margaret chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(400240) Mackenzie chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE COMORBID COURSE OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND STABLE ANGINA
Creators: name: Kamilova, Shakhzoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: According to the results of the Framingham study, in patients with stable angina, the risk of developing nonfatal myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease within 2 years is, respectively, 14.3 and 5.5% in men and 6.1 and 3.8% in women.
Bogoliubov quasiparticles coupled to the antiferromagnetic spin mode in a vortex core
Creators: name: Berthod, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In copper- and iron-based unconventional superconductors, the Bogoliubov quasiparticles interact with a spin resonance at momentum $(π,π)$. This interaction is revealed by specific signatures in the quasiparticle spectroscopies, like kinks in photoemission and dips in tunneling. We study these signatures, as they appear inside and around a vortex core in the local density of states (LDOS), a property accessible experimentally by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. Our model retains the whole nonlocal structure of the self-energy in space and time and is therefore not amenable to a Hamiltonian treatment using Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. The interaction with the spin resonance does not suppress the zero-bias peak at the vortex center, although it reduces its spectral weight; neither does it smear out the vortex LDOS, but rather it adds structure to it. Some of the signatures we find may have been already measured in FeSe, but remained unnoticed. We compare the LDOS as a function of both energy and position with and without coupling to the spin resonance and observe, in particular, that the quasiparticle interference patterns around the vortex are strongly damped by the coupling. We study in detail the transfer of spectral weight induced both locally and globally by the interaction and also by the formation of the vortex. Finally, we introduce a new way of imaging the quasiparticles in real space, which combines locality and momentum-space sensitivity. This approach allows one to access quasiparticle properties that are not contained in the LDOS.
description: Published version
The APOSTLE project: Local Group kinematic mass constraints and simulation candidate selection
Creators: name: Fattahi, Azadeh
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Sawala, Till
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Oman, Kyle A.
name: Crain, Robert A.
name: Furlong, Michelle
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Theuns, Tom
name: Jenkins, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a large sample of isolated dark matter halo pairs drawn from cosmological N-body simulations to identify candidate systems whose kinematics match that of the Local Group of Galaxies (LG). We find, in agreement with the "timing argument" and earlier work, that the separation and approach velocity of the Milky Way (MW) and Andromeda (M31) galaxies favour a total mass for the pair of $\sim 5\times 10^{12} \,M_{\odot}$. A mass this large, however, is difficult to reconcile with the small relative tangential velocity of the pair, as well as with the small deceleration from the Hubble flow observed for the most distant LG members. Halo pairs that match these three criteria have average masses a factor of $\sim 2$ times smaller than suggested by the timing argument, but with large dispersion. Guided by these results, we have selected $12$ halo pairs with total mass in the range $1.6$-$3.6 \times 10^{12}\,M_{\odot}$ for the APOSTLE project (A Project Of Simulating The Local Environment), a suite of hydrodynamical resimulations at various numerical resolution levels (reaching up to $\sim10^{4}\,M_{\odot}$ per gas particle) that use the subgrid physics developed for the EAGLE project. These simulations reproduce, by construction, the main kinematics of the MW-M31 pair, and produce satellite populations whose overall number, luminosities, and kinematics are in good agreement with observations of the MW and M31 companions. The APOSTLE candidate systems thus provide an excellent testbed to confront directly many of the predictions of the $Λ$CDM cosmology with observations of our local Universe.
description: replaced with the accepted version
The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Regulating Social Familiarity-Induced Anxiolysis
Creators: name: Hanrahan, Brian
name: Lungwitz, Elizabeth A.
name: Shekhar, Anantha
name: Dietrich, Amy D.
name: Truitt, William A.
name: Johnson, Philip L.
name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Schartz, Nicole
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Overcoming specific fears and subsequent anxiety can be greatly enhanced by the presence of familiar social partners, but the neural circuitry that controls this phenomenon remains unclear. To overcome this, the social interaction (SI) habituation test was developed in this lab to systematically investigate the effects of social familiarity on anxiety-like behavior in rats. Here, we show that social familiarity selectively reduced anxiety-like behaviors induced by an ethological anxiogenic stimulus. The anxiolytic effect of social familiarity could be elicited over multiple training sessions and was specific to both the presence of the anxiogenic stimulus and the familiar social partner. In addition, socially familiar conspecifics served as a safety signal, as anxiety-like responses returned in the absence of the familiar partner. The expression of the social familiarity-induced anxiolysis (SFiA) appears dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), an area associated with cortical regulation of fear and anxiety behaviors. Inhibition of the PFC, with bilateral injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol, selectively blocked the expression of SFiA while having no effect on SI with a novel partner. Finally, the effect of D-cycloserine, a cognitive enhancer that clinically enhances behavioral treatments for anxiety, was investigated with SFiA. D-cycloserine, when paired with familiarity training sessions, selectively enhanced the rate at which SFiA was acquired. Collectively, these outcomes suggest that the PFC has a pivotal role in SFiA, a complex behavior involving the integration of social cues of familiarity with contextual and emotional information to regulate anxiety-like behavior.
Functional Alterations in the Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Following Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure
Creators: name: Lowery-Gionta, Emily G.
name: Marcinkiewcz, Catherine A.
name: Kash, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Alcoholism is a pervasive disorder perpetuated in part to relieve negative mood states like anxiety experienced during alcohol withdrawal. Emerging evidence demonstrates a role for the serotonin-rich dorsal raphe (DR) in anxiety following ethanol withdrawal. The current study examined the effects of chronic ethanol vapor exposure on the DR using slice electrophysiology in male DBA2/J mice. We found that chronic ethanol exposure resulted in deficits in social approach indicative of increased anxiety-like behavior at both 24 h and 7 days post-ethanol exposure. At 24 h post-ethanol exposure, we observed increased excitability and decreased spontaneous inhibitory transmission (inhibitory postsynaptic currents, IPSCs) in the DR. At 7 days post-ethanol exposure, we observed increased spontaneous and miniature excitatory transmission (excitatory postsynaptic currents, EPSCs). Because acute ethanol alters GABA transmission in other brain regions, we assessed the effects of ex vivo ethanol (50 mM) on miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) in the DR 24-h post-ethanol exposure. Bath application of ethanol enhanced the amplitude of mIPSCs in cells from ethanol-naive and chronic intermittent ethanol-exposed (CIE) mice, but significantly enhanced the frequency of mIPSCs only in cells from CIE mice, suggesting that DR neurons are more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of acute ethanol following CIE. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesize that net excitation of DR neurons following chronic ethanol exposure contributes to enhanced anxiety during ethanol withdrawal, and that increased sensitivity of DR neurons to subsequent ethanol exposure may mediate acute ethanol's ability to relieve anxiety during ethanol withdrawal.
Receptor Reserve Moderates Mesolimbic Responses to Opioids in a Humanized Mouse Model of the OPRM1 A118G Polymorphism
Creators: name: Krouse, Michael C.
name: Malanga, C. J.
name: White, Kate L.
name: Diberto, Jeffrey F.
name: Sun, Hui
name: Chefer, Vladimir I.
name: Heilig, Markus
name: Vardy, Eyal
name: Gigante, Eduardo
name: Fish, Eric W.
name: Thorsell, Annika
name: Robinson, J. Elliott
name: Chen, Meng
name: Roth, Bryan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The OPRM1 A118G polymorphism is the most widely studied μ-opioid receptor (MOR) variant. Although its involvement in acute alcohol effects is well characterized, less is known about the extent to which it alters responses to opioids. Prior work has shown that both electrophysiological and analgesic responses to morphine but not to fentanyl are moderated by OPRM1 A118G variation, but the mechanism behind this dissociation is not known. Here we found that humanized mice carrying the 118GG allele (h/mOPRM1-118GG) were less sensitive than h/mOPRM1-118AA littermates to the rewarding effects of morphine and hydrocodone but not those of other opioids measured with intracranial self-stimulation. Reduced morphine reward in 118GG mice was associated with decreased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and reduced effects on GABA release in the ventral tegmental area that were not due to changes in drug potency or efficacy in vitro or receptor-binding affinity. Fewer MOR-binding sites were observed in h/mOPRM1-118GG mice, and pharmacological reduction of MOR availability unmasked genotypic differences in fentanyl sensitivity. These findings suggest that the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism decreases sensitivity to low-potency agonists by decreasing receptor reserve without significantly altering receptor function.
(400237) David Chalmers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Relating Intrinsic Low-Frequency BOLD Cortical Oscillations to Cognition in Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Fryer, Susanna L.
name: Vaidya, Jatin
name: O'Leary, Daniel
name: Bustillo, Juan
name: Glover, Gary
name: Potkin, Steven G.
name: Van Erp, Theo G.M.
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: McEwen, Sarah C.
name: Mathalon, Daniel H.
name: Calhoun, Vince D.
name: Voyvodic, James
name: Preda, Adrian
name: Roach, Brian J.
name: Diaz, Michelle
name: Mueller, Bryon A.
name: Wible, Cynthia G.
name: Lim, Kelvin O.
name: Turner, Jessica A.
name: Ford, Judith M.
name: Greve, Douglas
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) in the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal during resting-state fMRI reflects the magnitude of local low-frequency BOLD oscillations, rather than interregional connectivity. ALFF is of interest to studies of cognition because fluctuations in spontaneous intrinsic brain activity relate to, and possibly even constrain, task-evoked brain responses in healthy people. Lower ALFF has been reported in schizophrenia, but the cognitive correlates of these reductions remain unknown. Here, we assess relationships between ALFF and attention and working memory in order to establish the functional relevance of intrinsic BOLD oscillatory power alterations with respect to specific cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. As part of the multisite FBIRN study, resting-state fMRI data were collected from schizophrenia subjects (SZ; n=168) and healthy controls (HC; n=166). Voxelwise fractional ALFF (fALFF), a normalized ALFF measure, was regressed on neuropsychological measures of sustained attention and working memory in SZ and HC to identify regions showing either common slopes across groups or slope differences between groups (all findings p<0.01 height, p<0.05 family-wise error cluster corrected). Poorer sustained attention was associated with smaller fALFF in the left superior frontal cortex and bilateral temporoparietal junction in both groups, with additional relationships in bilateral posterior parietal, posterior cingulate, dorsal anterior cingulate (ACC), and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) evident only in SZ. Poorer working memory was associated with smaller fALFF in bilateral ACC/mPFC, DLPFC, and posterior parietal cortex in both groups. Our findings indicate that smaller amplitudes of low-frequency BOLD oscillations during rest, measured by fALFF, were significantly associated with poorer cognitive performance, sometimes similarly in both groups and sometimes only in SZ, in regions known to subserve sustained attention and working memory. Taken together, these data suggest that the magnitude of resting-state BOLD oscillations shows promise as a biomarker of cognitive function in health and disease.
Imaging ballistic carrier trajectories in graphene using scanning gate microscopy
Creators: name: Morikawa, Sei
name: Dou, Ziwei
name: Wang, Shu-Wei
name: Smith, Charles Gorden
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Masubuchi, Satoru
name: Machida, Tomoki
name: Connolly, Malcolm Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use scanning gate microscopy to map out the trajectories of ballistic carriers in high-mobility graphene encapsulated by hexagonal boron nitride and subject to a weak magnetic field. We employ a magnetic focusing geometry to image carriers that emerge ballistically from an injector, follow a cyclotron path due to the Lorentz force from an applied magnetic field, and land on an adjacent collector probe. The local electric field generated by the scanning tip in the vicinity of the carriers deflects their trajectories, modifying the proportion of carriers focused into the collector. By measuring the voltage at the collector while scanning the tip, we are able to obtain images with arcs that are consistent with the expected cyclotron motion. We also demonstrate that the tip can be used to redirect misaligned carriers back to the collector.
description: 15 pages including 3 figures. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 243102 (2015)
Resting-State Connectivity Predictors of Response to Psychotherapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Creators: name: Schiller, Crystal Edler
name: Minkel, Jared
name: Bizzell, Josh
name: Carl, Hannah
name: Sideris, John
name: Moore, Tyler
name: Petty, Chris
name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
name: Smoski, Moria J.
name: Gibbs, Devin
name: Crowther, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Despite the heterogeneous symptom presentation and complex etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), functional neuroimaging studies have shown with remarkable consistency that dysfunction in mesocorticolimbic brain systems are central to the disorder. Relatively less research has focused on the identification of biological markers of response to antidepressant treatment that would serve to improve the personalized delivery of empirically supported antidepressant interventions. In the present study, we investigated whether resting-state functional brain connectivity (rs-fcMRI) predicted response to Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression, an empirically validated psychotherapy modality designed to increase engagement with rewarding stimuli and reduce avoidance behaviors. Twenty-three unmedicated outpatients with MDD and 20 matched nondepressed controls completed rs-fcMRI scans after which the MDD group received an average of 12 sessions of psychotherapy. The mean change in Beck Depression Inventory-II scores after psychotherapy was 12.04 points, a clinically meaningful response. Resting-state neuroimaging data were analyzed with a seed-based approach to investigate functional connectivity with four canonical resting-state networks: the default mode network, the dorsal attention network, the executive control network, and the salience network. At baseline, the MDD group was characterized by relative hyperconnectivity of multiple regions with precuneus, anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex seeds and by relative hypoconnectivity with intraparietal sulcus, anterior insula, and dACC seeds. Additionally, connectivity of the precuneus with the left middle temporal gyrus and connectivity of the dACC with the parahippocampal gyrus predicted the magnitude of pretreatment MDD symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling revealed that response to psychotherapy in the MDD group was predicted by pretreatment connectivity of the right insula with the right middle temporal gyrus and the left intraparietal sulcus with the orbital frontal cortex. These results add to the nascent body of literature investigating pretreatment rs-fcMRI predictors of antidepressant treatment response and is the first study to examine rs-fcMRI predictors of response to psychotherapy.
Stress and Drug Dependence Differentially Modulate Norepinephrine Signaling in Animals with Varied HPA Axis Function
Creators: name: Fox, Megan E.
name: Wightman, R. Mark
name: Isaac Studebaker, R.
name: Swofford, Nathaniel J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Previous work has demonstrated the importance of genetic factors and stress-sensitive circuits in the development of affective disorders. Anxiety and numerous psychological disorders are comorbid with substance abuse, and noradrenergic signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is thought to be a source of this convergence. Here, we examined the effects of different stressors on behavior and norepinephrine dynamics in the BNST of rat strains known to differ in their HPA-axis function. We compared the effects of acute morphine dependence and social isolation in non-anxious Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and a depression model, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. We found a shared phenotype in drug-dependent and singly housed SD rats, characterized by slowed norepinephrine clearance, decreased autoreceptor function, and elevated anxiety. WKY rats exhibited changes in anxiety and autoreceptor function only following morphine dependence. To ascertain the influence of LC inhibition on this plasticity, we administered the LC-terminal-selective toxin DSP-4 to SD and WKY rats. DSP-4-treated SD rats demonstrated a dependence-like phenotype, whereas WKY rats were unchanged. Overall, our findings suggest that individuals with varying stress susceptibilities have different noradrenergic signaling changes in response to stress. These changes may establish conditions that favor stress-induced reinstatement and increase the risk for addiction.
The smectogenity as a crucial factor of broadening of the selective light reflection peak in cholesteric photopolymerizable mixtures
Creators: name: Muraveva, Valeriia
name: Kozmík, Václav
name: Kohout, Michal
name: Manko, Andrew
name: Piryazev, Alexey
name: Ivanov, Dimitri
name: Abramchuk, Sergey
name: Cigl, Martin
name: Bobrovsky, Alexey
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Cholesteric liquid crystals reflecting circularly polarised light are promising materials for creating flexible and compact polarisers. One of the issues of these systems is the narrow width of the photonic stop band. The range of selective light reflection can be increased by creating a gradient of the cholesteric pitch in the process of photopolymerisation of reactive cholesteric mixtures. The possibility of broadening the peak of selective light reflection during UV polymerisation of nematogenic diacrylate mixed with chiral monoacrylates was studied. The monoacrylates used had a different number of aromatic rings. A broadening of the peak of selective light reflection was observed during the photopolymerisation of mixtures containing a chiral monomer with three benzene rings. While before irradiation the width of the selective reflection peak was about 100 nm, after irradiation it was broadened to about 300 nm. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of the helical pitch gradient in the cholesteric, in which the smectogenity of the system plays a crucial role. The obtained results open up new possibilities for creating flexible and thin circular polarisers operating in a wide spectral range.
Liquid crystalline oligomers with a central core unit containing urethane groups
Creators: name: Zuev, Vjacheslav V.
name: Gorbachev, Stanislav
name: Ostanin, Stepan A.
name: Pikhurov, Dmitry V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Here, we show a generic approach to synthesis of oligomers which include modelling LC main chain polymers, LC side chain polymers or LC dendrimers. Four new families of LC oligomers derived from 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and their di- or trimers (uretdione, biuret or isocyanurate) and ω-hydroxyalkylated cyanobiphenyls were prepared. Their mesomorphic and optical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarised optical microscopy. Mesomorphic properties were crucially impacted by the structure of the central core spacer (urethane, uretdione, biuret or isocyanurate). Stabilisation of the LC state of synthesised oligomers was attributed to the H-bonding interactions confirmed by FTIR spectra.