cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Well-posedness for multicomponent Schrodinger-gKdV systems and stability of solitary waves with prescribed mass
Creators: name: Bhattarai, Santosh
name: Corcho, Adan J.
name: Panthee, Mahendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q53, 35Q55, 35B35, 35B65, 35A15

description: In this paper we prove the well-posedness issues of the associated initial value problem, the existence of nontrivial solutions with prescribed $L^2$-norm, and the stability of associated solitary waves for two classes of coupled nonlinear dispersive equations. The first problem here describes the nonlinear interaction between two Schrödinger type short waves and a generalized Korteweg-de Vries type long wave and the second problem describes the nonlinear interaction of two generalized Korteweg-de Vries type long waves with a common Schrödinger type short wave. The results here extend many of the previously obtained results for two-component coupled Schrödinger-Korteweg-de Vries systems.
description: 39 pages
Optimization of 3-D organotypic primary colonic cultures for organ-on-chip applications
Creators: name: Ahmad, Asad A
name: Sims, Christopher
name: Allbritton, Nancy
name: Magness, Scott T
name: Wang, Yuli
name: Gracz, Adam
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background New advances enable long-term organotypic culture of colonic epithelial stem cells that develop into structures known as colonoids. Colonoids represent a primary tissue source acting as a potential starting material for development of an in vitro model of the colon. Key features of colonic crypt isolation and subsequent colonoid culture have not been systematically optimized compromising efficiency and reproducibility. Here murine crypt isolation yield and quality are optimized, and colonoid culture efficiency measured in microfabricated culture devices. Results An optimal incubation time of 60 min in a chelating buffer released 280,000 ± 28,000 crypts from the stroma of a single colon with 79.3% remaining intact. Mechanical agitation using an average acceleration of 1.5 × g liberated the highest quality crypts with 86% possessing well-defined lumens. Culture in 50% Matrigel resulted in the highest colonoid formation efficiency of 33 ± 5%. Immunostaining demonstrated that colonoids isolated under these conditions possessed stem/progenitor cells and differentiated cell lineages. Microfabrication substrates (glass, polystyrene, PDMS, and epoxy photoresists: SU-8 and 1002-F) were tested for compatibility with colonoid culture. PDMS promoted formation of 3-D colonoids containing stem/progenitor cells, while other substrates promoted outgrowth of a 2-D epithelial monolayer composed of differentiated cells. Conclusion Improved crypt isolation and 3-D colonoid culture, along with an understanding of colonic epithelial cell behavior in the presence of microfabrication substrates will support development of ‘organ-on-a-chip’ approaches for studies using primary colonic epithelium.
Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Appendix 2.7
Creators: name: IPBES
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Europe and Central Asia Assessment
IPBES
Supplementary material

description: Research providing evidence of nature's contributions to people (NCP) trends in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) List of references providing evidence about increasing, constant, decreasing and mixed trends for each NCP and sub-regions of Europe and Central Asia over the period 1960-2016.
A single hidden layer feedforward network with only one neuron in the hidden layer can approximate any univariate function
Creators: name: Guliyev, Namig J.
name: Ismailov, Vugar E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A30, 65D15, 92B20

description: The possibility of approximating a continuous function on a compact subset of the real line by a feedforward single hidden layer neural network with a sigmoidal activation function has been studied in many papers. Such networks can approximate an arbitrary continuous function provided that an unlimited number of neurons in a hidden layer is permitted. In this paper, we consider constructive approximation on any finite interval of $\mathbb{R}$ by neural networks with only one neuron in the hidden layer. We construct algorithmically a smooth, sigmoidal, almost monotone activation function $σ$ providing approximation to an arbitrary continuous function within any degree of accuracy. This algorithm is implemented in a computer program, which computes the value of $σ$ at any reasonable point of the real axis.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure; to be published in Neural Computation; for associated SageMath worksheet, see http://sites.google.com/site/njguliyev/papers/sigmoidal
Parental perceptions of children's oral health: The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS)
Creators: name: Rozier, R. Gary
name: Pahel, Bhavna
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Abstract Background Dental disease and treatment experience can negatively affect the oral health related quality of life (OHRQL) of preschool aged children and their caregivers. Currently no valid and reliable instrument is available to measure these negative influences in very young children. The objective of this research was to develop the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) to measure the OHRQL of preschool children and their families. Methods Twenty-two health professionals evaluated a pool of 45 items that assess the impact of oral health problems on 6-14-year-old children and their families. The health professionals identified 36 items as relevant to preschool children. Thirty parents rated the importance of these 36 items to preschool children; 13 (9 child and 4 family) items were considered important. The 13-item ECOHIS was administered to 295 parents of 5-year-old children to assess construct validity and internal consistency reliability (using Cronbach's alpha). Test-retest reliability was evaluated among another sample of parents (N = 46) using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results ECOHIS scores on the child and parent sections indicating worse quality of life were significantly associated with fair or poor parental ratings of their child's general and oral health, and the presence of dental disease in the child. Cronbach's alphas for the child and family sections were 0.91 and 0.95 respectively, and the ICC for test-retest reliability was 0.84. Conclusion The ECOHIS performed well in assessing OHRQL among children and their families. Studies in other populations are needed to further establish the instrument's technical properties.
Abortion experiences among Zanzibari women: a chain-referral sampling study
Creators: name: Harrington, Bryna J
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background In Zanzibar, a semi-autonomous region of Tanzania, induced abortion is illegal but common, and fewer than 12 % of married reproductive-aged women use modern contraception. As part of a multi-method study about contraception and consequences of unwanted pregnancies, the objective of this study was to understand the experiences of Zanzibari women who terminated pregnancies. Methods The cross-sectional study was set in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Participants were a community-based sample of women who had terminated pregnancies. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 45 women recruited via chain-referral sampling. We report the characteristics of women who have had abortions, the reasons they had abortions, and the methods used to terminate their pregnancies. Results Women in Zanzibar terminate pregnancies that are unwanted for a range of reasons, at various points in their reproductive lives, and using multiple methods. While clinical methods were most effective, nearly half of our participants successfully terminated a pregnancy using non-clinical methods and very few had complications requiring post abortion care (PAC). Conclusions Even in settings where abortion is illegal, some women experience illegal abortions without adverse health consequences, what we might call ‘safer’ unsafe abortions; these kinds of abortion experiences can be missed in studies about abortion conducted among women seeking PAC in hospitals.
Composition dependence of electronic, magnetic, transport and morphological properties of mixed valence manganite thin films
Creators: name: Singh, Surendra
name: Freeland, J. W.
name: Fitzsimmons, M. R.
name: Jeen, H.
name: Biswas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparison of the in-plane length scale over which charge and magnetism are correlated in (La0.4Pr0.6)1-xCaxMnO3 films with x = 0.33 and 0.375, across the metal to insulator transition (MIT) temperature. We combine electrical transport (resistance) measurements, x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and specular/off-specular x-ray resonant magnetic scattering (XRMS) measurements as a function of temperature to elucidate relationships between electronic, magnetic and morphological structure of the thin films. Using off-specular XRMS we obtained the charge-charge and charge-magnetic correlation length of these LPCMO films near the MIT. The charge-magnetic correlation length (~ 12000 Å) for x = 0.33 was much larger (~4 times) than the charge-charge correlation length (~ 3200 Å) at 20 K. Whereas for x = 0.375 the charge-magnetic correlation length (~ 7500 Å) was smaller than the charge-charge correlation length (~ 9000 Å).
Ozone co-exposure modifies cardiac responses to fine and ultrafine ambient particulate matter in mice: concordance of electrocardiogram and mechanical responses
Creators: name: McIntosh-Kastrinsky, Rachel
name: Kurhanewicz, Nicole
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background Studies have shown a relationship between air pollution and increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Due to the complexity of ambient air pollution composition, recent studies have examined the effects of co-exposure, particularly particulate matter (PM) and gas, to determine whether pollutant interactions alter (e.g. synergistically, antagonistically) the health response. This study examines the independent effects of fine (FCAPs) and ultrafine (UFCAPs) concentrated ambient particles on cardiac function, and determine the impact of ozone (O3) co-exposure on the response. We hypothesized that UFCAPs would cause greater decrement in mechanical function and electrical dysfunction than FCAPs, and that O3 co-exposure would enhance the effects of both particle-types. Methods Conscious/unrestrained radiotelemetered mice were exposed once whole-body to either 190 μg/m3 FCAPs or 140 μg/m3 UFCAPs with/without 0.3 ppm O3; separate groups were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or O3 alone. Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded continuously before, during and after exposure, and cardiac mechanical function was assessed using a Langendorff perfusion preparation 24 hrs post-exposure. Results FCAPs alone caused a significant decrease in baseline left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility, whereas UFCAPs did not; neither FCAPs nor UFCAPs alone caused any ECG changes. O3 co-exposure with FCAPs caused a significant decrease in heart rate variability when compared to FA but also blocked the decrement in cardiac function. On the other hand, O3 co-exposure with UFCAPs significantly increased QRS-interval, QTc and non-conducted P-wave arrhythmias, and decreased LVDP, rate of contractility and relaxation when compared to controls. Conclusions These data suggest that particle size and gaseous interactions may play a role in cardiac function decrements one day after exposure. Although FCAPs + O3 only altered autonomic balance, UFCAPs + O3 appeared to be more serious by increasing cardiac arrhythmias and causing mechanical decrements. As such, O3 appears to interact differently with FCAPs and UFCAPs, resulting in varied cardiac changes, which suggests that the cardiovascular effects of particle-gas co-exposures are not simply additive or even generalizable. Additionally, the mode of toxicity underlying this effect may be subtle given none of the exposures described here impaired post-ischemia recovery.
The space-time models with dust matter that admit separation of variables in Hamilton-Jacobi equations of a test particle
Creators: name: Osetrin, Konstantin
name: Filippov, Altair
name: Osetrin, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characteristics of dust matter in space-time models, admitting the existence of privilege coordinate systems are given, where the single-particle Hamilton-Jacobi equation can be integrated by the method of complete separation of variables. The resulting functional form of the 4-velocity field and energy density of matter for all types of spaces under consideration is presented.
description: 14 pages
Review of Anton A. Niekerk and Loretta M. Kopelman (eds.) Ethics and AIDS in Africa: The Challenge to our Thinking
Creators: name: Rennie, Stuart
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2006

description: Ethics, AIDS, and Africa – three concepts that conjure up
a host of powerful associations. Ethics: our fragile human
attempts to negotiate acceptable paths through conflicts
of value. AIDS: the world's deadliest epidemic since the
Black Plague of the 14th century. And Africa: cradle of
humankind, burdened by colonization, famine, poverty
and civil war. In what ways do ethics, AIDS and Africa go
together, and how is our thinking challenged by their relationship?
Editors Van Niekerk and Kopelman have assembled an
impressive list of well-respected authors to deal with this
question. Their contributions focus on the impact of AIDS
in sub-Saharan Africa and take on some of the key ethical
issues raised by HIV/AIDS research, policy and clinical
practice in the region. Although rich in details, it is fair to
say that four general themes dominate this book: the ethical
role of national governments in tackling the AIDS epidemic,
with special focus on the South African case; the
epidemic and responses to it as reflections of global inequity;
the ethical responsibilities of pharmaceutical companies
in the struggle against HIV/AIDS, and the dilemmas
involved in HIV prevention research, particularly in vaccine
studies.
LD-Spline: Mapping SNPs on genotyping platforms to genomic regions using patterns of linkage disequilibrium
Creators: name: Chen, Guanhua
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Gene-centric analysis tools for genome-wide association study data are being developed both to annotate single locus statistics and to prioritize or group single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) prior to analysis. These approaches require knowledge about the relationships between SNPs on a genotyping platform and genes in the human genome. SNPs in the genome can represent broader genomic regions via linkage disequilibrium (LD), and population-specific patterns of LD can be exploited to generate a data-driven map of SNPs to genes. Methods In this study, we implemented LD-Spline, a database routine that defines the genomic boundaries a particular SNP represents using linkage disequilibrium statistics from the International HapMap Project. We compared the LD-Spline haplotype block partitioning approach to that of the four gamete rule and the Gabriel et al. approach using simulated data; in addition, we processed two commonly used genome-wide association study platforms. Results We illustrate that LD-Spline performs comparably to the four-gamete rule and the Gabriel et al. approach; however as a SNP-centric approach LD-Spline has the added benefit of systematically identifying a genomic boundary for each SNP, where the global block partitioning approaches may falter due to sampling variation in LD statistics. Conclusion LD-Spline is an integrated database routine that quickly and effectively defines the genomic region marked by a SNP using linkage disequilibrium, with a SNP-centric block definition algorithm.
Duales Studium in Bremen: Angebote, Erfahrungen, Auswirkungen
Creators: name: Holtrup, André
name: Friemer, Andreas
name: Fuhrmann, Lukas
Publisher: name: Arbeitnehmerkammer Bremen
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 330

description: Bundesweit hat sich die Zahl der dualen Studiengänge zwischen 2004 und 2019 mehr als verdreifacht und die der dual Studierenden von knapp 41.000 auf über 108.000 erhöht. Das duale Studium verbindet einen akademischen Abschluss mit intensiven Praxisphasen in einem Ausbildungsbetrieb; in der ausbildungsintegrierten Variante wird ein zweiter beruflicher Abschluss erworben. Dabei können die jeweiligen Vorteile einer beruflichen Ausbildung und eines Hochschulstudiums miteinander verknüpft werden: Neben praktischen betriebs- und berufsspezifischen Erfahrungen erweitern die Studierenden im Rahmen des Studiums ihre theoretisch-analytischen Fähigkeitenb und bauen Kompetenzen zur eigenständigen Problemlösung und Wissensaneignung aus. Mit dieser Studie wird zunächst eine Bestandsaufnahme der dualen Studienangebote von Hochschulen und Betrieben im Land Bremen vorgelegt. Darauf aufbauend wird zum einen danach gefragt, wie sich Karriereverläufe und Arbeits- und Beschäftigungsbedingungen dualer Studienabsolventinnen und Studienabsolventen im Vergleich zu Personen mit klassischem Studienabschluss oder Berufsabschluss und gegebenenfalls Aufstiegsfortbildungen entwickeln. Zum anderen werden Auswirkungen auf die betrieblichen Beschäftigungs- und Qualifizierungspolitiken beleuchtet und ein besonderes Augenmerk darauf gerichtet, ob dual Studierende beziehungsweise duale Studienabsolventinnen und Studienabsolventen andere Qualifikationsgruppen verdrängen.
Entanglement negativity in free-fermion systems: An overlap matrix approach
Creators: name: Chang, Po-Yao
name: Wen, Xueda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we calculate the entanglement negativity in free-fermion systems by use of the overlap matrices. For a tripartite system, if the ground state can be factored into triples of modes, we show that the partially transposed reduced density matrix can be factorized and the entanglement negativity has a simple form. However, the factorability of the ground state in a tripartite system does not hold in general. In this situation, the partially transposed reduced density matrix can be expressed in terms of the Kronecker product of matrices. We explicitly compute the entanglement negativity for the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model, the integer Quantum Hall state, and a homogeneous one-dimensional chain. We find that the entanglement negativity for the integer quantum Hall states shows an area law behavior. For the entanglement negativity of two adjacent intervals in a homogeneous one-dimensional gas, we find agreement with the conformal field theory. Our method provides a numerically feasible way to study the entanglement negativity in free-fermion systems.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
The Gestational Diabetes Management System (GooDMomS): development, feasibility and lessons learned from a patient-informed, web-based pregnancy and postpartum lifestyle intervention
Creators: name: Green, Sherri
name: Diamond, Molly
name: Beckham, A. J
name: Hatley, Karen E
name: Nicholson, Wanda K
name: Tate, Deborah
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) contributes to the epidemic of diabetes and obesity in mothers and their offspring. The primary objective of this pilot study was to: 1) refine the GDM Management System (GooDMomS), a web-based pregnancy and postpartum behavioral intervention and 2) assess the feasibility of the intervention. Methods In phase 1, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with women experiencing current or recent GDM mellitus GDM to garner pilot data on the web based intervention interface, content, and to solicit recommendations from women about refinements to enhance the GooDMomS intervention site. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and independently reviewed to identify major themes with Atlas.ti v7.0. In phase 2, a single-arm feasibility study was conducted and 23 participants were enrolled in the GooDMomS program. Participants received web lessons, self-tracking of weight and glucose, automated feedback and access to a message board for peer support. The primary outcome was feasibility, including recruitment and retention and acceptability. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of women whose gestational weight gain (GWG) was within the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and who were able to return to their pre-pregnancy weight after delivery. Results Comments from semi-structured interviews focused on: 1) usability of the on-line self-monitoring diary and tracking system, 2) access to a safe, reliable social network for peer support and 3) ability of prenatal clinicians to access the on-line diary for clinical management. Overall, 21 (91 %) completed the pregnancy phase. 15/21 (71 %) of participants were within the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for GWG. Sixteen (70 %) completed the postpartum phase. 7/16 (43 %) and 9/16 (56 %) of participants returned to their pre-pregnancy weight at 6 and 30 weeks postpartum, respectively. Conclusions This study documents the feasibility of the GooDMomS program. The results can have implications for web technology in perinatal care and inform the current care paradigm for women with GDM. Findings are supportive of further research with recruitment of a larger sample of participants and comparison of the outcomes with the intervention and standard care. Trial registration The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on May 15, 2012 under protocol no. NCT01600534 .
Conceptualizing Coercion: Examining Folk Intuitions of Coercion in Societally-Sanctioned Punishment Mechanisms
Creators: name: Schwind, Brooke
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Jurisprudence
subject: Law and Philosophy
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Quantitative Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Experimental Jurisprudence

description: Coercion is a distinct concept studied in law, philosophy, and psychology. While exact definitions vary in terms of word choice, the unifying, latent theory of coercion generally relates to the use of threat and force, compelling another person to act in a certain way. While philosophers have debated how coercion operates at the level of the nation state, there is little experimental evidence that relates folk perceptions of coercion directly to government actions. The present studies aim to close this gap by drawing on the psychology of punishment. By examining laypeople’s views about the nature of coercion in different government-sanctioned punishment scenarios, ranging from public admonishment to lashings, this project attempts to generate a more robust folk conception of coercion in the realm of law.
Weiterentwicklung des Forschungsdatenmanagement (Methodik, Inhalt) unter Berücksichtigung der disziplinären Kulturen.
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschungsdaten
eScience
RDM
Research Data Management
Universitätsbibliotheken als Partner auf dem Campus
Universitätsbibliotheken
Bibliotheken
Digitale Kompetenzen

description: Weiterentwicklung des Forschungsdatenmanagement (Methodik, Inhalt) unter Berücksichtigung der disziplinären Kulturen. Präsentation für die UB Bern.
Quantum quenches in the sine--Gordon model: a semiclassical approach
Creators: name: Kormos, Márton
name: Zaránd, Gergely
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the time evolution of correlation functions after quantum quenches in the sine--Gordon model within the semiclassical approximation which is expected to yield accurate results for small quenches. We demonstrate this by reproducing results of a recent form factor calculation of the relaxation of expectation values. Extending these results, we find that the expectation values of most vertex operators do not decay to zero. We give analytic expressions for the relaxation of dynamic correlation functions, and we show that they have diffusive behavior for large timelike separation.
Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Appendix 2.6
Creators: name: IPBES
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Europe and Central Asia Assessment
IPBES
Supplementary material

description: List of Sacred Natural Sites in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Selected list of natural sites in the ECA Region that are also considered Sacred Natural Sites (adapted from (Dudley et al., 2009; Mallarch, Joseph Maria; Papayannis, 2012; Wild, R. and McLeod, 2008); SANASI initiative).
Developing measures on the perceptions of the built environment for physical activity: a confirmatory analysis
Creators: name: Evenson, Kelly
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background Minimal validity evidence exists for scales assessing the built environment for physical activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability and invariance of a three-factor model (Neighborhood Characteristics, Safety/Crime, and Access to Physical Activity Facilities) across gender, race, geographic location, and level of physical activity. Methods To assess measurement invariance, a random sample of 1,534 adults living in North Carolina or Mississippi completed a computer assisted telephone interview that included items examining perceptions of the neighborhood for physical activity. Construct level test-retest reliability data were collected from a purposeful sample of 106 participants who were administered the questionnaire twice, approximately two weeks apart. Fit indices, Cronbach's alpha, Mokken H and Spearman correlation coefficients (SCC) were used to evaluate configural and co/variance invarianc,e and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess reliability. Results Construct test-retest reliability was strong (ICC 0.90 to 0.93). SCC for Neighborhood Characteristics and Crime/Safety were weak with Access (0.21 and 0.25), but strong between Crime/Safety and Neighborhood Characteristics (0.62). Acceptable fit and evidence of measurement invariance was found for gender, race (African American and White), geographic location, and level of physical activity. Fit indices consistently approached or were greater than 0.90 for goodness of fit index, normed fit index, and comparative fit index which is evidence of configural invariance. There was weak support of variance and covariance invariance for all groups that was indicative of factorial validity. Conclusions Support of the validity and reliability of the three-factor model across groups expands the possibilities for analysis to include latent variable modeling, and suggests these built environment constructs may be used in other settings and populations.
The Diversity of Transients from Magnetar Birth
Creators: name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Margalit, Ben
name: Kasen, Daniel
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly-magnetized, rapidly-rotating neutron stars are contenders for the central engines of both long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and hydrogen-poor super-luminous supernovae (SLSNe-I). Models for typical (~minute long) LGRBs invoke magnetars with high dipole magnetic fields (Bd > 1e15 G) and short spin-down times, while models for SLSNe-I invoke neutron stars with weaker fields and longer spin-down times of weeks. Here we identify a transition region in the space of Bd and birth period for which a magnetar can power both a long GRB and a luminous SN. In particular, we show that a 2 ms period magnetar with a spin-down time of ~1e4 s can explain the observations of both the ultra-long GRB 111209 and its associated luminous SN2011kl. For magnetars with longer spin down times, we predict even longer duration (~1e6 s) GRBs and brighter supernovae, a correlation that extends to Swift J2058+05 (commonly interpreted as a tidal disruption event). We further show that previous estimates of the maximum rotational energy of a proto-magnetar were too conservative and energies up to Emax ~1-2e53 erg are possible. The magnetar model can therefore comfortably accommodate the extreme energy requirements recently posed by the most luminous supernova ASASSN-15lh. The high ionization flux from a pulsar wind nebula powering ASASSN-15lh may lead to an "ionization break-out" X-ray burst over the coming months, which would be accompanied by an abrupt change in the optical spectrum. We conclude by briefly contrasting millisecond magnetar and black hole models for SLSNe and ultra-long GRBs.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MNRAS Letters
A proliferative to invasive switch is mediated by srGAP1 downregulation through the activation of TGF-β2 signaling
Creators: name: Mondal, Chandrani
name: Gacha-Garay, Majo J
name: Larkin, Kathryn A
name: Adikes, Rebecca C
name: Di Martino, Julie S
name: Chien, Chen-Chi
name: Fraser, Madison
name: Eni-aganga, Ireti
name: Agullo-Pascual, Esperanza
name: Cialowicz, Katarzyna
name: Ozbek, Umut
name: Naba, Alexandra
name: Gaitas, Angelo
name: Fu, Tian-Ming
name: Upadhyayula, Srigokul
name: Betzig, Eric
name: Matus, David Q
name: Martin, Benjamin L
name: Bravo-Cordero, Jose Javier
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3208
subject: Medical physiology
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology

description: Many breast cancer (BC) patients suffer from complications of metastatic disease. To form metastases, cancer cells must become migratory and coordinate both invasive and proliferative programs at distant organs. Here, we identify srGAP1 as a regulator of a proliferative-to-invasive switch in BC cells. High-resolution light-sheet microscopy demonstrates that BC cells can form actin-rich protrusions during extravasation. srGAP1low cells display a motile and invasive phenotype that facilitates their extravasation from blood vessels, as shown in zebrafish and mouse models, while attenuating tumor growth. Interestingly, a population of srGAP1low cells remain as solitary disseminated tumor cells in the lungs of mice bearing BC tumors. Overall, srGAP1low cells have increased Smad2 activation and TGF-β2 secretion, resulting in increased invasion and p27 levels to sustain quiescence. These findings identify srGAP1 as a mediator of a proliferative to invasive phenotypic switch in BC cells in vivo through a TGF-β2-mediated signaling axis.
Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Appendix 2.5
Creators: name: IPBES
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Europe and Central Asia Assessment
IPBES
Supplementary material

description: Provision of medicinal plant resources in Europe and Central Asia This appendix provides more detail about the assessment approach for the medicinal plants section. This includes results from the literature review on medicinal plants and the expert elicitation that reviewed the collated information which was presented in the Second Order Draft of the assessment, with in addition some focused elicitation questions regarding evidence and key recommendations.

 For the specific literature review on medicinal plants, we built on the recent state of knowledge (SoK) review coordinated by WHO and CBD ((World Health Organization & Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2015)). We only searched the period 2014 – February 2017 in order to update the SoK. We looked for reviews only, adding some non-review papers if relevant. For medicinal plants, exceptionally, we also included non-review papers. Further, we added two regional categories: General region (e.g. Europe, Balkan, Mediterranean region) and Marine.
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian primary school children’s learning: a systematic review through a psycho-social lens
Creators: name: Trotta, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Child Psychology
subject: Disability and Equity in Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Online and Distance Education
subject: Education
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Special Education and Teaching
subject: Educational Methods
subject: Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research
subject: Elementary Education
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected many areas and contexts of today's Society, including school and family. Several studies highlighted the worldwide effects of school closures on students’ learning outcomes, context, and well-being. However, particularly in the Italian panorama, the data emerging are often inconsistent and fragmentary, highlighting the need of a comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon. This need is especially urgent for primary school children since this population had to face the challenges imposed by the pandemic in a critical phase of its education. For these reasons, our systematic review aims to collect information on the learning context of Italian primary-school students during the pandemic period from different points of view, such as: i) emotional and affective aspects; ii) didactic problems; iii) learning quality; iv) effects on the conditions of marginality and inequality.
GPS
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Nicole
name: Haselton, Michael
name: Uguz, Caner
name: Uguz, Caner
name: Uguz, Caner
name: Rella, Cindy
name: Garrison, Harrison
name: Simon, Simple
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bed
subject: go
subject: horse
subject: nici
subject: to

description: Updated
Characterizing and Quantifying Quantum Chaos with Quantum Tomography
Creators: name: Madhok, Vaibhav
name: Riofrío, Carlos A.
name: Deutsch, Ivan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore quantum signatures of classical chaos by studying the rate of information gain in quantum tomography. The tomographic record consists of a time series of expectation values of a Hermitian operator evolving under application of the Floquet operator of a quantum map that possesses (or lacks) time reversal symmetry. We find that the rate of information gain, and hence the fidelity of quantum state reconstruction, depends on the symmetry class of the quantum map involved. Moreover, we find an increase in information gain and hence higher reconstruction fidelities when the Floquet maps employed increase in chaoticity. We make predictions for the information gain and show that these results are well described by random matrix theory in the fully chaotic regime. We derive analytical expressions for bounds on information gain using random matrix theory for different class of maps and show that these bounds are realized by fully chaotic quantum systems.
description: 19 pages, Invited review for Pramana J of physics. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1212.4572
Raman scattering in correlated thin films as a probe of chargeless surface states
Creators: name: Perreault, Brent
name: Knolle, Johannes
name: Perkins, Natalia B.
name: Burnell, F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several powerful techniques exist to detect topologically protected surface states of weakly-interacting electronic systems. In contrast, surface modes of strongly interacting systems which do not carry electric charge are much harder to detect. We propose resonant light scattering as a means of probing the chargeless surface modes of interacting quantum spin systems, and illustrate its efficacy by a concrete calculation for the 3D hyperhoneycomb Kitaev quantum spin liquid phase. We show that resonant scattering is required to efficiently couple to this model's sublattice polarized surface modes, comprised of emergent Majorana fermions that result from spin fractionalization. We demonstrate that the low-energy response is dominated by the surface contribution for thin films, allowing identification and characterization of emergent topological band structures.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; added supplemental material
title: Νεότερη ευρωπαϊκή φιλοσοφία
title: Νεότερη ευρωπαϊκή φιλοσοφία
Creators: name: Thanassas, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
Year: 2023
Subjects: νεότερη φιλοσοφία
modern philosophy

description: Ο Οδηγός θα παρέχει διεξοδική βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση του πεδίου της νεότερης φιλοσοφίας σε όλη του την έκταση – από τον Ντεκάρτ έως τον Νίτσε. Θα είναι αρθρωμένος γύρο από τους 15 σημαντικότερους φιλοσόφους της περιόδου, και θα περιλαμβάνει για τον καθένα από αυτούς: α. συνοπτική γενική εισαγωγή στο έργο του β. παρουσίαση των σημαντικότερων έργων του γ. κριτική παρουσίαση των τυχόν ελληνικών μεταφράσεων δ. κριτική επισκόπηση και ανάλυση των σημαντικότερων συναφών μονογραφιών στην αγγλική και (δευτερευόντως) σε άλλες διεθνείς γλώσσες ε. κριτική επισκόπηση της ελληνικής βιβλιογραφίας (μονογραφίες, άρθρα) Συναφές (αλλά, φυσικά, μικρότερης έκτασης, και πιο περιορισμένων αξιώσεων) είναι το κείμενό μου «Νεότερη ευρωπαϊκή φιλοσοφία – οδηγός ελληνικής βιβλιογραφίας» που εκπονήθηκε το 2009 (http://www.thanassas.gr/nef-bibliogr.pdf).
description: Ο Οδηγός θα παρέχει διεξοδική βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση του πεδίου της νεότερης φιλοσοφίας σε όλη του την έκταση – από τον Ντεκάρτ έως τον Νίτσε. Θα είναι αρθρωμένος γύρο από τους 15 σημαντικότερους φιλοσόφους της περιόδου, και θα περιλαμβάνει για τον καθένα από αυτούς: α. συνοπτική γενική εισαγωγή στο έργο του β. παρουσίαση των σημαντικότερων έργων του γ. κριτική παρουσίαση των τυχόν ελληνικών μεταφράσεων δ. κριτική επισκόπηση και ανάλυση των σημαντικότερων συναφών μονογραφιών στην αγγλική και (δευτερευόντως) σε άλλες διεθνείς γλώσσες ε. κριτική επισκόπηση της ελληνικής βιβλιογραφίας (μονογραφίες, άρθρα) Συναφές (αλλά, φυσικά, μικρότερης έκτασης, και πιο περιορισμένων αξιώσεων) είναι το κείμενό μου «Νεότερη ευρωπαϊκή φιλοσοφία – οδηγός ελληνικής βιβλιογραφίας» που εκπονήθηκε το 2009 (http://www.thanassas.gr/nef-bibliogr.pdf).
New spin injection scheme based on spin gapless semiconductors: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Xu, G. Z.
name: Zhang, X. M.
name: Hou, Z. P.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Liu, E. K.
name: Xi, X. K.
name: Wang, S. G.
name: Wang, W. Q.
name: Luo, H. Z.
name: Wang, W. H.
name: Wu, G. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin injection efficiency based on conventional and/or half-metallic ferromagnet/semiconductor is greatly limited by the Schmidt obstacle due to conductivity mismatch, here we proposed that by replacing the metallic injectors with spin gapless semiconductors can significantly reduce the conductive mismatch to enhance spin injection efficiency. By performing first principles calculations based on superlattice structure, we have studied the representative system of Mn2CoAl/semiconductor spin injector scheme. The results showed that a high spin polarization was maintained at the interface in systems of Mn2CoAl/Fe2VAl constructed with (100) interface and Mn2CoAl/GaAs with (110) interface, and the latter is expected to possess long spin diffusion length. Inherited from the spin gapless feature of Mn2CoAl, a pronounced dip was observed around the Fermi level in the majority-spin density-of-states in both systems, suggesting fast transport of the low-density carriers.
description: 16 pages, 4 figs. Accepted by EPL. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1411.5762
The universality of the Rezk nerve
Creators: name: Mazel-Gee, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We functorially associate to each relative $\infty$-category $(R,W)$ a simplicial space $N^R_\infty(R,W)$, called its Rezk nerve (a straightforward generalization of Rezk's "classification diagram" construction for relative categories). We prove the following local and global universal properties of this construction: (i) that the complete Segal space generated by the Rezk nerve $N^R_\infty(R,W)$ is precisely the one corresponding to the localization $R[[W^{-1}]]$; and (ii) that the Rezk nerve functor defines an equivalence $RelCat_\infty [[ W_{BK}^{-1} ]] \xrightarrow{\sim} Cat_\infty$ from a localization of the $\infty$-category of relative $\infty$-categories to the $\infty$-category of $\infty$-categories.
Summary for policymakers of the regional assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services for Europe and Central Asia of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Appendix 2.4
Creators: name: IPBES
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Europe and Central Asia Assessment
IPBES
Supplementary material

description: Detailed description of population trend of main avian scavenger species in Western, Central and Eastern Europe.
Quantum critical response function in quasi-two dimensional itinerant antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Varma, C. M.
name: Zhu, Lijun
name: Schröder, Almut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We re-examine the experimental results for the magnetic response function $χ''({\bf q}, E, T)$, for ${\bf q}$ around the anti-ferromagnetic vectors ${\bf Q}$, in the quantum-critical region, obtained by inelastic neutron scattering, on an Fe-based superconductor, and on a heavy Fermion compound. The motivation is to compare the results with a recent theory, which shows that the fluctuations in a generic anti-ferromagnetic model for itinerant fermions map to those in the universality class of the dissipative quantum-XY model. The quantum-critical fluctuations in this model, in a range of parameters, are given by the correlations of spatial and of temporal topological defects. The theory predicts a $χ''({\bf q}, E, T)$ (i) which is a separable function of $({\bf q -Q})$ and of ($E$,$T$), (ii) at crticality, the energy dependent part is $\propto \tanh (E/2T)$ below a cut-off energy, (iii) the correlation time departs from its infinite value at criticality on the disordered side by an essential singularity, and (iv) the correlation length depends logarithmically on the correlation time, so that the dynamical critical exponent $z$ is $\infty$ . The limited existing experimental results are found to be consistent with the first two unusual predictions from which the linear dependence of the resistivity on T and the $T \ln T$ dependence of the entropy also follow. More experiments are suggested, especially to test the theory of variations on the correlation time and length on the departure from criticality.
Breastfeeding and feminism: A focus on reproductive health, rights and justice
Creators: name: Taylor, Emily C.
name: Labbok, Miriam
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract The annual Breastfeeding and Feminism Symposia aim to reposition breastfeeding as a valued part of women's (re)productive lives and rights. The symposia are designed to raise the profile of breastfeeding within the women's advocacy and feminist studies' communities, and to increase recognition among breastfeeding supporters that breastfeeding promotion could receive more socio-political support by partnering with those concerned with women's reproductive health, rights and justice, women's economic advancement, and the elimination of social, economic and health inequities. The third symposium (2007) sought to build dialogue and increase communications between and among these diverse communities. The nine articles presented in this thematic series were selected by the journal editors, and represent the core discussions at the symposium. This editorial presents the areas of synergy and strategies for action that emerged from the discussions. These strategies and this thematic issue are intended to reassert the momentum that evolved among participants, and to stimulate involvement among individuals and organizations not in attendance in promoting breastfeeding as a women's reproductive health, rights and justice concern.
title:  Effects of Chewing Time on Gastrointestinal Discomfort, Substrate Use, and Performance During Running
Creators: name: Geaney, Thomas
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Previous research has shown that food particle size affects gastric processing. For example, food particles greater than 3 mm may delay gastric emptying under certain conditions. Delays in gastric emptying can be problematic during aerobic exercise, leading to nausea, bloating, fullness, and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. In some cases, symptoms can be severe enough to negatively affect athletic performance. This study investigated the effects of manipulating chewing duration of carbohydrate sports bars on GI discomfort, physiological responses, and performance during endurance running. This crossover study recruited 12 male runners (age: 36.4 ± 7.2 years, VO2peak: 57.2 ± 4.7 ml/kg/min) who completed 20 (20CHEW) and 40 (40CHEW) mastication cycle treatments in a counterbalanced order. The 40CHEW treatment and 20CHEW treatment followed the same testing parameters. Participants attended three testing sessions. The initial visit required a VO2peak test, a 10-minute familiarization run at 60% VO2peak, and a performance test (10 minutes at 90% VO2peak, followed by time to exhaustion at 100% VO2peak). All testing was conducted on a treadmill. The second visit consisted of a 60-minute run at 60% VO2peak, followed by the same performance test. Each participant was fed 45 g of a sports bar in 9-g servings 30 minutes before running. During the 40CHEW trial, participants ingested 27 g of the sports bar in 9-g servings at three time points; each feeding was chewed in 40 masticatory cycles, at 1 chew per second. During the 20CHEW trial, participants performed the same testing, except the bar was chewed in 20 masticatory cycles at a rate of 1 chew per second.