cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ACTIVITIES IMPACT ON IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN COOPERATIVE FARMERS IN ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA.
Creators: name: Prof. C. E., Nwoha
name: P. C., Okonkwo (PhD)
name: A. C. Erimma, (M.Sc.)
Publisher: name: SADI Journal
Year: 2024
Subjects: Agricultural Cooperatives, Improved Performance, Women Farmers

description: The study examined the effects of Agricultural cooperatives activities on improved performance of women cooperative farmers in Enugu state. Cooperatives as socio-economic entities are confronted with issues of poor savings mobilization, poor loan acquisition and inadequate training. Specifically, the study examined the activities of cooperatives in the areas of savings mobilization, loan acquisition and training and their effect on increasing the performance of women in Agricultural Cooperatives. The population size was 4000 women in agricultural cooperatives in Enugu state, the sample size of 180 was gotten using simple random sampling technique. The study adopted survey design. The main source of data collection for this study was primary source while the instrument for collection was structured questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages). It revealed that out of 169 women that returned their questionnaires 100, 110, 100 respectively strongly agreed that savings mobilization, loan acquisition and training respectively have significant effects on improved productivity of women in agricultural cooperatives in Enugu state. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square method, all null hypotheses were rejected while the alternate hypotheses were accepted since the calculated chi-squares were greater than the tabulated values. Women participation in agriculture had made them to be more financially independent and economically vibrant. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government and financial institutions should give adequate support to cooperative societies in the area of credits, also adequate campaigns are needed to sensitize the women and the general public on benefits of agricultural cooperatives towards improving their productivity in the study area. The implication of the study is that improved performance of women in agricultural cooperatives is a confirmation of the primacy of cooperatives as a source of income to rural women
Pressure effect on the topologically nontrivial electronic state and transport of lutecium monobismuthide
Creators: name: Gu1, H.
name: Tang, F.
name: Ruan, Y. -R.
name: Zhang, J. -M.
name: Tang, R. -J.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Zhao, R.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Han, Z. -D.
name: Qian, B.
name: Jiang, X. -F.
name: Fang, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare-earth monopnictides are predicted to be nontrivial semimetal candidates and show pressure-induced superconductivity. Here, we grow LuBi single crystal and study the magnetization, transport behaviors and electronic band structures to reveal its topological semimetal feature and superconductivity under pressure. At 0 GPa, the quantum oscillations indicate that there are several topologically nontrivial carrier pockets around the Fermi level, among which the hole ones are isotropic in shape, while the electron ones are anisotropic and responsible for the angular magnetoresistance. Upon compression, the superconductivity emerges in the titled compound, showing a similar pressure dependence as that observed in LaBi. Our calculation suggests that the electronic band structures are robust at low- and high-pressure respectively and thus the topological features are always preserved. Besides, the nearly pressure-independent density of state in LuBi indicates that the conventional electron-phonon coupling appears to play a minor role in the superconductivity.
Density-density propagator for one-dimensional interacting spinless fermions with non-linear dispersion and calculation of the Coulomb drag resistivity
Creators: name: Rozhkov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using bosonization-fermionization transformation we map the Tomonaga-Luttinger model of spinless fermions with non-linear dispersion on the model of fermionic quasiparticles whose interaction is irrelevant in the renormalization group sense. Such mapping allows us to set up an expansion for the density-density propagator of the original Tomonaga-Luttinger Hamiltonian in orders of the (irrelevant) quasiparticle interaction. The lowest order term in such an expansion is proportional to the propagator for free fermions. The next term is also evaluated. The propagator found is used for calculation of the Coulomb drug resistivity $r$ in a system of two capacitively coupled one-dimensional conductors. It is shown that $r$ is proportional to $T^2$ for both free and interacting fermions. The marginal repulsive in-chain interaction acts to reduce $r$ as compared to the non-interacting result. The correction to $r$ due to the quasiparticle interaction is found as well. It scales as $T^4$ at low temperature.
description: 5 pages, 1 eps figure; the new version of the e-print corrects an error, which exists in the original submission; fortunately, all important conclusions of the study remain valid
Multiple Hankel matrix rank minimization for audio inpainting
Creators: name: Záviška, Pavel
name: Rajmic, Pavel
name: Mokrý, Ondřej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Sasaki et al. (2018) presented an efficient audio declipping algorithm, based on the properties of Hankel-structure matrices constructed from time-domain signal blocks. We adapt their approach to solving the audio inpainting problem, where samples are missing in the signal. We analyze the algorithm and provide modifications, some of them leading to an improved performance. Overall, it turns out that the new algorithms perform reasonably well for speech signals but they are not competitive in the case of music signals.
A theory of physical probability
Creators: name: Johns, Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It is now common to hold that causes do not always (and perhaps never) determine their effects, and indeed theories of "probabilistic causation" abound. The basic idea of these theories is that C causes E just in case C and E both occur, and the chance of E would have been lower than it is had C not occurred. The problems with these accounts are that (i) the notion of chance remains primitive, and (ii) this account of causation does not coincide with the intuitive notion of causation as ontological support. Turning things around, I offer an analysis of chance in terms of causation, called the causal theory of chance. The chance of an event E is the degree to which it is determined by its causes. Thus chance events have full causal pedigrees, just like determined events; they are not "events from nowhere". I hold that, for stochastic as well as for deterministic processes, the actual history of a system is caused by its dynamical properties (represented by the lagrangian) and the boundary condition. A system is stochastic if (a description of) the actual history is not fully determined by maximal knowledge of these causes, i.e. it is not logically entailed by them. If chance involves partial determination, and determination is logical entailment, then there must be such a thing as partial entailment, or logical probability. To make the notion of logical probability plausible, in the face of current opposition to it, I offer a new account of logical probability which meets objections levelled at the previous accounts of Keynes and Carnap. The causal theory of chance, unlike its competitors, satisfies all of the following criteria: (i) Chance is defined for single events. (ii) Chance supervenes on the physical properties of the system in question. (iii) Chance is a probability function, i.e. a normalised measure. (iv) Knowledge of the chance of an event warrants a numerically equal degree of belief, i.e. Miller's Principle can be derived within the theory. (v) Chance is empirically accessible, within any given range of error, by measuring relative frequencies. (vi) With an additional assumption, the theory entails Reichenbach's Common Cause Principle (CCP). (vii) The theory enables us to make sense of probabilities in quantum mechanics. The assumption used to prove the CCP is that the state of a system represents complete information, so that the state of a composite system "factorises" into a logical conjunction of states for the sub-systems. To make sense of quantum mechanics, particularly the EPR experiment, we drop this assumption. In this case, the EPR criterion of reality is false. It states that if an event E is predictable, and locally caused, then it is locally predictable. This fails when maximal information about a pair of systems does not factorise, leading to a non-locality of knowledge.
Exact Plaquette-Ordered Ground States in the Generalized Hubbard Model in Arbitrary Dimensions
Creators: name: Nakamura, Masaaki
name: Itoh, Kazuhito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show the existance of the exact plaquette-ordered ground states of the Hubbard model including site-off-diagonal interactions in arbitrary dimensions, by decomposing the Hamiltonian as sum of products of projection operators for each spin sector. The obtatined exact ground states are interpreted as Néel ordered states on the dual lattices. We demonstrate this idea in the one-dimensional chain and higher-dimensional lattices such as the Kagomé lattice, and determine parameter regions of the exact ground states.
description: Proceedings of SPQS 2004 (Sendai)
Observing the thermalization of dark matter in neutron stars
Creators: name: Garani, Raghuveer
name: Gupta, Aritra
name: Raj, Nirmal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A promising probe to unmask particle dark matter is to observe its effect on neutron stars, the prospects of which depend critically on whether captured dark matter thermalizes in a timely manner with the stellar core via repeated scattering with the Fermi-degenerate medium. In this work we estimate the timescales for thermalization for multiple scenarios. These include: (a) spin-0 and spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ dark matter, (b) scattering on non-relativistic neutron and relativistic electron targets accounting for the respective kinematics, (c) interactions via a range of Lorentz-invariant structures, (d) mediators both heavy and light in comparison to the typical transfer momenta in the problem. We discuss the analytic behavior of the thermalization time as a function of the dark matter and mediator masses, and the stellar temperature. Finally, we identify parametric ranges where both stellar capture is efficient and thermalization occurs within the age of the universe. For dark matter that can annihilate in the core, these regions indicate parametric ranges that can be probed by upcoming infrared telescopes observing cold neutron stars.
description: 12 pages revtex4, 7 figures, 2 tables; v2: references added, minor typos fixed
MC-ViViT: Multi-branch Classifier-ViViT to detect Mild Cognitive Impairment in older adults using facial videos
Creators: name: Sun, Jian
name: Dodge, Hiroko H.
name: Mahoor, Mohammad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep machine learning models including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been successful in the detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) using medical images, questionnaires, and videos. This paper proposes a novel Multi-branch Classifier-Video Vision Transformer (MC-ViViT) model to distinguish MCI from those with normal cognition by analyzing facial features. The data comes from the I-CONECT, a behavioral intervention trial aimed at improving cognitive function by providing frequent video chats. MC-ViViT extracts spatiotemporal features of videos in one branch and augments representations by the MC module. The I-CONECT dataset is challenging as the dataset is imbalanced containing Hard-Easy and Positive-Negative samples, which impedes the performance of MC-ViViT. We propose a loss function for Hard-Easy and Positive-Negative Samples (HP Loss) by combining Focal loss and AD-CORRE loss to address the imbalanced problem. Our experimental results on the I-CONECT dataset show the great potential of MC-ViViT in predicting MCI with a high accuracy of 90.63% accuracy on some of the interview videos.
description: 13 pages, 7 tables, 7 figures, 9 equations
Noncritical M-Theory in 2+1 Dimensions as a Nonrelativistic Fermi Liquid
Creators: name: Horava, Petr
name: Keeler, Cynthia A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We claim that the dynamics of noncritical string theories in two dimensions is related to an underlying noncritical version of M-theory, which we define in terms of a double-scaled nonrelativistic Fermi liquid in 2+1 dimensions. After reproducing Type 0A and 0B string theories as solutions, we study the natural M-theory vacuum. The vacuum energy of this solution can be evaluated exactly, its form suggesting a duality to the Debye model of phonons in a melting solid, and a possible topological nature of the theory. The physical spacetime is emergent in this theory, only for states that admit a hydrodynamic description. Among the solutions of the hydrodynamic equations of motion for the Fermi surface, we find families describing the decay of one two-dimensional string theory into another via an intermediate M-theory phase.
description: 47 pages, 1 figure; v2: typos corrected, references added
A Minor Axis Surface Brightness Profile for M31
Creators: name: Irwin, Mike
name: Ferguson, Annette
name: Ibata, Rodrigo
name: Lewis, Geraint
name: Tanvir, Nial
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use data from the Isaac Newton Telescope Wide Field Camera survey of M31 to determine the surface brightness profile of M31 along the south-east minor axis. We combine surface photometry and faint red giant branch star counts to trace the profile from the innermost regions out to a projected radius of 4 degrees (~55 kpc) where the V-band surface brightness is 32 mag per square arcsec; this is the first time the M31 minor axis profile has been mapped over such a large radial distance using a single dataset. We confirm the finding by Pritchet & van den Bergh (1994) that the minor axis profile can be described by a single de Vaucouleurs law out to a projected radius of 1.4 degrees or ~20 kpc. Beyond this, the surface brightness profile flattens considerably and is consistent with either a power-law of index -2.3 or an exponential of scalelength 14 kpc. The fraction of the total M31 luminosity contained in this component is ~2.5%. While it is tempting to associate this outer component with a true Population II halo in M31, we find that the mean colour of the stellar population remains approximately constant at V-i~1.6 from 0.5-3.5 degrees along the minor axis. This result suggests that the same metal-rich stellar population dominates both structural components.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Letters in press, extremely minor modifications
Transient non-collinear magnetic state for all-optical magnetization switching
Creators: name: Parchenko, Sergii
name: Frej, Antoni
name: Ueda, Hiroki
name: Carley, Robert
name: Mercadier, Laurent
name: Gerasimova, Natalia
name: Mercurio, Giuseppe
name: Schlappa, Justine
name: Yaroslavtsev, Alexander
name: Agarwal, Naman
name: Gort, Rafael
name: Scherz, Andreas
name: Zvezdin, Anatoly
name: Stupakiewicz, Andrzej
name: Staub, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant absorption of a photon by bound electrons in a solid can promote an electron to another orbital state or transfer it to a neighboring atomic site. Such a transition in a magnetically ordered material could affect the magnetic order. While this process is an obvious road map for optical control of magnetization, experimental demonstration of such a process remains challenging. Exciting a significant fraction of magnetic ions requires a very intense incoming light beam, as orbital resonances are often weak compared to above-band-gap excitations. In the latter case, a sizeable reduction of the magnetization occurs as the absorbed energy increases the spin temperature, masking the non-thermal optical effects. Here, using ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy, we were able to resolve changes in the magnetization state induced by resonant absorption of infrared photons in Co-doped yttrium iron garnet, with negligible thermal effects. We found that the optical excitation of the Co ions affects the two distinct magnetic Fe sublattices differently, resulting in a transient non-collinear magnetic state. The present results indicate that the all-optical magnetization switching most likely occurs due to the creation of a transient, non-collinear magnetic state followed by coherent spin rotations of the Fe moments.
Decoherence, tunneling and noise-activation in a double-potential well at high and zero temperature
Creators: name: Antunes, Nuno D.
name: Lombardo, Fernando C.
name: Monteoliva, Diana
name: Villar, Paula I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of the environment on tunneling in an open system described by a static double-well potential. We describe the evolution of a quantum state localized in one of the minima of the potential at $t=0$, both in the limits of high and zero environment temperature. We show that the evolution of the system can be summarized in terms of three main physical phenomena, namely decoherence, quantum tunneling and noise-induced activation, and we obtain analytical estimates for the corresponding time-scales. These analytical predictions are confirmed by large-scale numerical simulations, providing a detailed picture of the main stages of the evolution and of the relevant dynamical processes.
description: Version to appear in Phys. Rev. E. 15 pages, 12 figures (low quality due to upload size limitations). Good quality figures in a pdf file can be downloaded from http://www.df.uba.ar/users/lombardo/tunnel
Relic gravitational waves from the chiral magnetic effect
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: He, Yutong
name: Kahniashvili, Tina
name: Rheinhardt, Matthias
name: Schober, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relic gravitational waves (GWs) can be produced by primordial magnetic fields. However, not much is known about the resulting GW amplitudes and their dependence on the details of the generation mechanism. Here we treat magnetic field generation through the chiral magnetic effect (CME) as a generic mechanism and explore its dependence on the speed of generation (the product of magnetic diffusivity and characteristic wavenumber) and the speed characterizing the maximum magnetic field strength expected from the CME. When the latter exceeds the former (regime I), the regime applicable to the early universe, we obtain an inverse cascade with moderate GW energy that scales with the third power of the magnetic energy. When the generation speed exceeds the CME limit (regime II), the GW energy continues to increase without a corresponding increase of magnetic energy. In the early kinematic phase, the GW energy spectrum (per linear wavenumber interval) has opposite slopes in both regimes and is characterized by an inertial range spectrum in regime I and a white noise spectrum in regime II. The occurrence of these two slopes is shown to be a generic consequence of a nearly monochromatic exponential growth of the magnetic field. The resulting GW energy is found to be proportional to the fifth power of the limiting CME speed and the first power of the generation speed.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, ApJ
Towards Real-World Indoor Smart Electromagnetic Environments -- A Large-Scale Experimental Demonstration
Creators: name: Benoni, Arianna
name: Capra, Federico
name: Salucci, Marco
name: Massa, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work presents the first large-scale indoor experimental assessment of an implementation of the emerging Smart ElectroMagnetic Environment (SEME) paradigm, which is based on the deployment of static-passive EM skins (SP-EMSs) to enhance the coverage in a 5 [GHz] Wi-Fi network. Unlike standard (laboratory-based) validations reported in the state-of-the-art (SoA) literature, the scenario at hand mimics a realistic indoor environment to replicate as close as possible the user experience when using commodity devices. Representative results from the experimental field trials are re-ported to confirm the performance predictions arising from the numerical studies and the tolerance analyses carried out with a commercial ray-tracing (RT) tool. Besides experimentally validating the SEME idea, this study is also aimed at (roughly) quantifying the economic advantage of a SEME implementation, relying on simple-manufacturing/low-cost field manipulating devices without any additional biasing circuitry, with respect to standard approaches that imply the densification of the active radiating sources.
Phase separations of bosonic mixtures in optical lattices from macroscopic to microscopic scales
Creators: name: Alon, Ofir E.
name: Streltsov, Alexej I.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixtures of cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices undergo phase separations on different length scales with increasing inter-species repulsion. As a general rule, the stronger the intra-species interactions, the shorter is this length scale. The wealth of phenomena is documented by illustrative examples on both superfluids and Mott-insulators.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Mineralfutterbedarf von Mutterkühen auf Weiden unterschiedlicher Intensivierungsgrade in Ostdeutschland
Creators: name: Radtke, Oliver
Publisher: name: Bibliothek, Hochschule Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Tierhaltung
subject: Tierernährung
subject: DDC::600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft

description: Da sich die Mutterkuhhaltung als extensives Produktionsverfahren durch eine Grobfutterversorgung mittels Beweidung einer Grünlandfläche auszeichnet, ist die Versorgung mit allen essenziellen Mineralstoffen durch den Auswuchs von großer Bedeutung. Auf Grund verschiedene Einflussfaktoren kann es zu Defiziten in der Versorgung kommen. Diese aufzuzeigen ist das Anliegen dieser Untersuchung (...)
Edgeworth Expansion of the Largest Eigenvalue Distribution Function of GOE
Creators: name: Choup, Leonard N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we focus on the large n probability distribution function of the largest eigenvalue in the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble of n by n matrices (GOEn). We prove an Edgeworth type Theorem for the largest eigenvalue probability distribution function of GOEn. The correction terms to the limiting probability distribution are expressed in terms of the same Painleve II functions appearing in the Tracy-Widom distribution. We conclude with a brief discussion of the GSEn case.
Probing the superconducting gap structure in the noncentrosymmetric topological superconductor ZrRuAs
Creators: name: Das, Debarchan
name: Adroja, D. T.
name: Lees, M. R.
name: Taylor, R. W.
name: Bishnoi, Z. S.
name: Anand, V. K.
name: Bhattacharyya, A.
name: Guguchia, Z.
name: Baines, C.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Stenning, G. B. G.
name: Duan, Lei
name: Wang, Xiancheng
name: Jin, Changqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superconducting gap structure of a topological crystalline insulator (TCI) candidate ZrRuAs ($T^{\rm on}_{\rm c}$ = 7.9(1) K) with a noncentrosymmetric crystal structure has been investigated using muon spin rotation/relaxation ($μ$SR) measurements in transverse-field (TF) and zero-field (ZF) geometries. We also present the results of magnetization, electrical resistivity and heat capacity measurements on ZrRuAs, which reveal bulk superconductivity below 7.9~K. The temperature dependence of the effective penetration depth obtained from the analysis of the TF-$μ$SR spectra below $T_{\rm c}$ is well described by an isotropic $s$-wave gap model as also inferred from an analysis of the heat capacity in the superconducting state. ZF $μ$SR data do not show any significant change in the muon spin relaxation rate above and below the superconducting transition temperature indicating that time-reversal symmetry is preserved in the superconducting state of this material.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Phase biasing of a Josephson junction using Rashba-Edelstein effect
Creators: name: Senapati, Tapas
name: Kumar, Ashwin
name: Senapati, Kartik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manifestation of orbital coupling of spin degree of freedom in condensed matter systems has opened up a new dimension for the field of spintronics. The most appealing aspect of the spin-orbit coupling is the apparent Magnus force sensed by a spin system which locks the Fermi momentum with electron spin in a fascinating manner. In the current carrying state, the resulting macroscopic spin polarization becomes directly accessible in the form of spin current or spin density. At a Rashba interface, for example, a charge current shifts the spin-locked Fermi surface, leading to a non-equilibrium spin density at the interface, commonly known as the Rashba-Edelstein effect. Since the Rashba-Edelstein effect is an intrinsically interface property, direct detection of the spin moment is harder to set-up. Here we demonstrate that a simple planar Josephson Junction geometry, realized by placing two closely spaced superconducting electrodes on such a Rashba interface, allows a direct estimation of strength of the non-equilibrium spin moment. Measurements of Fraunhofer patterns of Nb-(Pt/Cu)-Nb planar Josephson junctions in a perpendicular magnetic field showed a shift of the center of the Fraunhofer pattern to a non-zero field value. By performing extensive control measurements, we argue that the screening currents in the junction effectively lock the external field with the spin moment of the Rashba-Edelstein effect induced spin-density, leading to the observed shift in the Fraunhofer patterns. This simple experiment offers a fresh perspective on direct detection of spin polarization induced by various spin-orbit effects. Very interestingly, this device platform also offers the possibility of retaining a controllable phase at zero field in the junction without using any magnetic material, and thereby useful as phase batteries for superconducting quantum circuits.
Arbitrary-speed quantum gates within large ion crystals through minimum control of laser beams
Creators: name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
name: Monroe, C.
name: Duan, L. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to implement arbitrary-speed quantum entangling gates on two trapped ions immersed in a large linear crystal of ions, with minimal control of laser beams. For gate speeds slower than the oscillation frequencies in the trap, a single appropriately-detuned laser pulse is sufficient for high-fidelity gates. For gate speeds comparable to or faster than the local ion oscillation frequency, we discover a five-pulse protocol that exploits only the local phonon modes. This points to a method for efficiently scaling the ion trap quantum computer without shuttling ions.
description: 4 pages
Ptychographic reconstruction of pure quantum states
Creators: name: Fernandes, M. F.
name: Solís-Prosser, M. A.
name: Neves, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum analogue of ptychography, a powerful coherent diffractive imaging technique, is a simple method for reconstructing $d$-dimensional pure states. It relies on measuring partially overlapping parts of the input state in a single orthonormal basis and feeding the outcomes to an iterative phase-retrieval algorithm for postprocessing. We provide a proof of concept demonstration of this method by determining pure states given by superpositions of $d$ transverse spatial modes of an optical field. A set of $n$ rank-$r$ projectors, diagonal in the spatial mode basis, is used to generate $n$ partially overlapping parts of the input and each part is projectively measured in the Fourier transformed basis. For $d$ up to 32, we successfully reconstructed hundreds of random states using $n=5$ and $n=d$ rank-$\lceil d/2\rceil$ projectors. The extension of quantum ptychography for other types of photonic spatial modes is outlined.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Published version
Improving Neural Network with Uniform Sparse Connectivity
Creators: name: Luo, Weijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural network forms the foundation of deep learning and numerous AI applications. Classical neural networks are fully connected, expensive to train and prone to overfitting. Sparse networks tend to have convoluted structure search, suboptimal performance and limited usage. We proposed the novel uniform sparse network (USN) with even and sparse connectivity within each layer. USN has one striking property that its performance is independent of the substantial topology variation and enormous model space, thus offers a search-free solution to all above mentioned issues of neural networks. USN consistently and substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art sparse network models in prediction accuracy, speed and robustness. It even achieves higher prediction accuracy than the fully connected network with only 0.55% parameters and 1/4 computing time and resources. Importantly, USN is conceptually simple as a natural generalization of fully connected network with multiple improvements in accuracy, robustness and scalability. USN can replace the latter in a range of applications, data types and deep learning architectures. We have made USN open source at https://github.com/datapplab/sparsenet.
description: paper accepted by IEEE Access
NLNDE at SemEval-2023 Task 12: Adaptive Pretraining and Source Language Selection for Low-Resource Multilingual Sentiment Analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Mingyang
name: Adel, Heike
name: Lange, Lukas
name: Strötgen, Jannik
name: Schütze, Hinrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes our system developed for the SemEval-2023 Task 12 "Sentiment Analysis for Low-resource African Languages using Twitter Dataset". Sentiment analysis is one of the most widely studied applications in natural language processing. However, most prior work still focuses on a small number of high-resource languages. Building reliable sentiment analysis systems for low-resource languages remains challenging, due to the limited training data in this task. In this work, we propose to leverage language-adaptive and task-adaptive pretraining on African texts and study transfer learning with source language selection on top of an African language-centric pretrained language model. Our key findings are: (1) Adapting the pretrained model to the target language and task using a small yet relevant corpus improves performance remarkably by more than 10 F1 score points. (2) Selecting source languages with positive transfer gains during training can avoid harmful interference from dissimilar languages, leading to better results in multilingual and cross-lingual settings. In the shared task, our system wins 8 out of 15 tracks and, in particular, performs best in the multilingual evaluation.
Stress shielding at the bone-implant interface: influence of surface roughness and of the bone-implant contact ratio
Creators: name: Raffa, Maria Letizia
name: Nguyen, Vu-Hieu
name: Hernigou, Philippe
name: Lachaniette, Charles-Henri Flouzat-
name: Haiat, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short and long-term stabilities of cementless implants are strongly determined by the interfacial load transfer between implants and bone tissue. Stress-shielding effects arise from shear stresses due to the difference of material properties between bone and the implant. It remains difficult to measure the stress field in periprosthetic bone tissue. This study proposes to investigate the dependence of the stress field in periprosthetic bone tissue on i) the implant surface roughness, ii) material properties of bone and of the implant, iii) the bone-implant contact ratio. To do so, a microscale 2-D finite element model of an osseointegrated boneimplant interface was developed where the surface roughness was modeled by a sinusoidal surface. The results show that the isostatic pressure is not affected by the presence of the bone-implant interface while shear stresses arise due to the combined effects of a geometrical singularity (for low surface roughness) and of shear stresses at the bone-implant interface (for high surface roughness). Stress-shielding effects are likely to be more important when the bone-implant contact ratio value is low, which corresponds to a case of relatively low implant stability. Shear stress reach a maximum value at a distance from the interface comprised between 0 and 0.1 time roughness wavelength $λ$ and tend to 0 at a distance from the implant surface higher than $λ$, independently from bone-implant contact ratio and waviness ratio. A comparison with an analytical model allows validating the numerical results. Future work should use the present approach to model osseointegration phenomena.
description: Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Wiley, In press
The use of hydroponic nutrient solutions replacing MS media in Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) tissue culture
Creators: name: Penkhae Rungrueng
name: Jantanee Poojaroen
name: Kanjana Luangsuwalai
name: Kiriya Sungthongwises
name: Phetcharat Jantaratin
Publisher: name: Faculty of Agriculture
Year: 2019
Subjects: Dionaea muscipula, hydroponics nutrient solution

description: Khon Kaen Agriculture Journal, 47, 5, 929-938
Beam Delivery and Beamstrahlung Considerations for Ultra-High Energy Linear Colliders
Creators: name: Barklow, Tim
name: Gessner, Spencer
name: Hogan, Mark
name: Ng, Cho-Kuen
name: Peskin, Michael
name: Raubenheimer, Tor
name: White, Glen
name: Adli, Erik
name: Cao, Gevy Jiawei
name: Lindstrom, Carl A.
name: Sjobak, Kyrre
name: Barber, Sam
name: Geddes, Cameron
name: Formenti, Arianna
name: Lehe, Remi
name: Schroeder, Carl
name: Terzani, Davide
name: van Tilborg, Jeroen
name: Vay, Jean-Luc
name: Zoni, Edoardo
name: Doss, Chris
name: Litos, Michael
name: Lobach, Ihar
name: Power, John
name: Swiatlowski, Maximilian
name: Fedeli, Luca
name: Vincenti, Henri
name: Grismayer, Thomas
name: Vranic, Marija
name: Zhang, Wenlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As part of the Snowmass'21 community planning excercise, the Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC) community proposed future linear colliders with center-of-mass energies up to 15 TeV and luminosities up to 50$\times10^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ in a compact footprint. In addition to being compact, these machines must also be energy efficient. We identify two challenges that must be addressed in the design of these machines. First, the Beam Delivery System (BDS) must not add significant length to the accelerator complex. Second, beam parameters must be chosen to mitigate beamstrahlung effects and maximize the luminosity-per-power of the machine. In this paper, we review advances in plasma lens technology that will help to reduce the length of the BDS system and we detail new Particle-in-Cell simulation studies that will provide insight into beamstrahlung mitigation techniques. We apply our analysis to both $e^+e^-$ and $γγ$ colliders.
The 1 - 50 keV spectral and timing analysis of IGR J18027-2016: an eclipsing, high mass X-ray binary
Creators: name: Hill, A. B.
name: Walter, R.
name: Knigge, C.
name: Bazzano, A.
name: Belanger, G.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Dean, A. J.
name: Galache, J. L.
name: Malizia, A.
name: Renaud, M.
name: Stephen, J.
name: Ubertini, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the association of the INTEGRAL source IGR J18027-2016 with the BeppoSAX source SAX J1802.7-2017. IGR J18027-2016 is seen to be a weak, persistent source by the IBIS/ISGRI instrument on board INTEGRAL with an average source count rate of 0.55 counts s^-1 (~6.1 mCrab) in the 20-40 keV band. Timing analysis performed on the ISGRI data identifies an orbital period of 4.5696 +/- 0.0009 days and gives an ephemeris of mid-eclipse as, T{mid} = 52931.37 +/- 0.04 MJD. Re-analysis of archival BeppoSAX data has provided a mass function for the donor star, f(m) = 16 +/- 1 M{sun} and a projected semimajor axis of a{x}sin{i} = 68 +/- 1 lt-s. We conclude that the donor is an OB-supergiant with a mass of 18.8-29.3 M{sun} and a radius of 15.0-23.4 R{sun}. Spectra obtained by XMM-Newton and ISGRI indicate a high hydrogen column density of NH = 6.8 x 10^22 cm^-2, which suggests intrinsic absorption. The source appears to be a high mass X-ray binary with the neutron star emitting X-rays through wind-fed accretion while in an eclipsing orbit around an OB-supergiant.
description: Accepted for Publication in A&A. 9 pages, 10 figures. Figure 10 has been compressed, lowering the image quality
Siegmund-Schultze, Friedrich: Friedenskirche, Kaffeeklappe und die ökumenische Vision
Creators: name: Krüger, Hanfried
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 40 Nr. 2 (1991): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 40, Heft 2
Masses and electroweak properties of light mesons in the relativistic quark model
Creators: name: Ebert, D.
name: Faustov, R. N.
name: Galkin, V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses, pseudoscalar and vector weak decay constants and electromagnetic form factors of light S-wave mesons are studied in the framework of the relativistic quark model based on the quasipotential approach. We use the same model assumptions and parameters as in our previous investigations of heavy meson and baryon properties. The masses and wave functions of the ground state and radially excited pi, rho, K, K* and phi mesons, obtained by solving numerically the relativistic Schroedinger-like equation with the complete relativistic q bar q potential including both spin-independent and spin-dependent terms, are presented. Novel relativistic expressions for the weak decay constants of the pseudoscalar and vector mesons are derived. It is shown that the intermediate negative-energy quark states give significant contributions which essentially decrease the decay constants bringing them in agreement with experimental data. The electromagnetic form factors of the pion, charged and neutral kaon are calculated in a broad range of the space-like momentum transfer. The corresponding charge radii are determined. All results agree well with available experimental data.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, version to be published in Eur.Phys.J.C
Timing and energy stability of resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-core waveguides
Creators: name: Brahms, Christian
name: Travers, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the energy and arrival-time noise of ultrashort laser pulses produced via resonant dispersive wave emission in gas-filled hollow-core waveguides under the influence of pump-laser instability. We find that for low pump energy, fluctuations in the pump energy are strongly amplified. However, when the generation process is saturated, the energy of the resonant dispersive wave can be significantly less noisy than that of the pump pulse. This holds for a variety of generation conditions and while still producing few-femtosecond pulses. We further find that the arrival-time jitter of the generated pulse remains well below one femtosecond even for a conservative estimate of the pump pulse energy noise, and that photoionisation and plasma dynamics can lead to exceptional stability for some generation conditions. By applying our analysis to a scaled-down system, we demonstrate that our results hold for frequency conversion schemes based on both small-core microstructured fibre and large-core hollow capillary fibre.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Localization and spectrum of quasiparticles in a disordered fermionic Dicke model
Creators: name: Stumper, Sebastian
name: Okamoto, Junichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a fermionic two-band model with the interband transition resonantly coupled to a cavity. This model was recently proposed to explain cavity-enhanced charge transport, but a thorough characterization of the closed system, in particular localization of various excitations, is lacking. In this work, using exact diagonalization, we characterize the system by its spectrum under various filling factors and variable disorder. As in the Dicke model, the effective light-matter coupling scales with the square root of the system size. However, there is an additional factor that decreases with increasing doping density. The transition from the weak-coupling regime to the strong-coupling regime occurs when the effective light-matter coupling is larger than the electronic bandwidth. Here, the formation of exciton-polaritons is accompanied by the formation of bound excitons. Photon spectral functions exhibit significant weights on the in-gap states between the polaritons, even without disorder. Finally, while the localization of electron-hole excitations in a disordered system is lifted by strong coupling, the same is not true for free charges, which remain localized at strong and even ultrastrong coupling. Based on this finding, we discuss scenarios for charge transport.
Observations of Chemically Enriched QSO Absorbers near z ~ 2.3 Galaxies: Galaxy-Formation Feedback Signatures in the IGM
Creators: name: Simcoe, Robert A.
name: Sargent, Wallace L. W.
name: Rauch, Michael
name: Becker, George D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of galaxies and intergalactic gas toward the z=2.73 quasar HS1700+6416, to explore the effects of galaxy formation feedback on the IGM. Our observations and ionization simulations indicate that the volume within 100-200 h_71^{-1} physical kpc of high-redshift galaxies contains very small, dense, and metal-rich absorption-line regions. These systems often contain shock-heated gas seen in OVI, and may exhibit [Si/C] abundance enhancements suggestive of Type II supernova enrichment. We argue that the absorbers resemble thin sheets or bubbles, whose physical properties can be explained with a simple model of radiatively efficient shocks propegating through the IGM. Their high metallicities suggest that these shocks are being expelled from--rather than falling into--star forming galaxies. There is a dropoff in the IGM gas density at galaxy impact parameters beyond ~300 physical kpc that may trace boundaries of gas structures where the galaxies reside. The local heavy-element enhancement covers 100-200 kpc; beyond this the observed abundances blend into the general IGM. Supernova-driven winds or dynamical stripping of interstellar gas appears to affect the IGM near massive galaxies, even at R>~100 kpc. However, these feedback systems represent only a few percent of the Lya forest mass at z~2.5. Their mass could be larger if the more numerous metal-poor CIV systems at >~200 kpc are tepid remnants of very powerful winds. Based on present observations it is not clear that this scenario is to be favored over one involving pre-enrichment by smaller galaxies at z>~6.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 26 pages emulateapj, incl. 5 pages tables, 15 figures