cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and pathobiology of H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza in South Korea (2003–2024): a comprehensive review
Creators: name: Lee, Sun-Hak
name: Kwon, Jung-Hoon
name: Youk, Sungsu
name: Lee, Sang-Won
name: Lee, Dong-Hun
name: Song, Chang-Seon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Since their emergence in Guangdong, China, in 1996, Gs/GD H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) have diversified into multiple clades, spreading globally through wild bird migrations and causing substantial losses in poultry and wildlife. In South Korea, HPAIVs, including H5N1, H5N8, and H5N6 subtypes, have been repeatedly introduced since 2003. This review examines the epidemiology, genetic characteristics, and pathobiological features of these viruses in South Korea. Outbreaks typically occur between October and December, aligning with the arrival of wintering migratory birds. While outbreaks in poultry farms dominated before 2018, wild bird cases became more prevalent in subsequent years. Seasonal outbreaks in poultry have declined, but large-scale mortality events in wild birds emerged biennially from 2020. Genotypic diversity has increased since 2014 due to reassortment with low pathogenic viruses, with novel genomic traits detected in recent seasons. Infection studies show consistently fatal outcomes in chickens, while high mortality in domestic ducks was observed only with two of the studied strains, despite efficient transmission. Wild bird studies reveal species-specific roles in viral shedding and transmission. This review underscores the dynamic nature of HPAI outbreaks, highlighting the importance of surveillance, biosecurity, and genetic and pathogenicity analyses to mitigate future risks.
E00160: Greek private letter, from Oxyrhynchos (Middle Egypt) concerned with greetings and the transport of goods, providing a list of five saints to be invoked on the sender’s behalf: *John (presumably either the Baptist, S00020, or the Apostle and Evangelist, S00042), *Euphemia (martyr of Chalcedon, S00017), *Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073), *Peter (the Apostle, S00036), and *Ioulianos (probably the martyr of Cilicia, S00305), datable to the 4th/5th c.
Creators: name: Bryan
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: P.Oxy. 56.3862 i

The document is a letter from Philoxenos to his parents and uncle, from Oxyrhynchos, 4th/5th century, in which the sender of the letter asks the addressees to pray to various saints.

lines 25–28: εὔξεστε(*) περὶ μ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ ̣ τ̣ο̣ῦ̣ ἁ̣γ̣ί̣ο̣υ̣ Ἰ(*)ωάννου καὶ τῆς ἁγίας Εὐφημίας καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Μηνᾶ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Π̣έτ̣ρ̣ου καὶ τοῦ ἁγίο̣υ̣ Ἰ(*)ου̣λ̣ι̣α̣νοῦ

'Pray (for me? through?) Saint John and Saint Euphemia and Saint Menas and Saint Peter and Saint Julianus.'

A full record of the text with images is available at: http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.oxy;56;3862

Text and translation: M. G. Sirivianou.
Scaffolding Middle-School Mathematics Curricula With Large Language Models
Creators: name: Malik, Rizwaan
Publisher: name: Stanford Digital Repository
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Curriculum Scaffolding
subject: Human-computer interaction
subject: Large Language Models

description: Despite well-designed curriculum materials, teachers often face challenges in their implementation due to diverse classroom needs. This paper investigates whether Large Language Models can support middle-school math teachers by helping create high-quality curriculum-aligned scaffolds that reflect expert teacher strategies. Through Cognitive Task Analysis with expert teachers, we identified the decision-making processes involved in scaffolding their curriculum. We incorporated these insights into three LLM approaches designed to create one specific instructional scaffold: warmup tasks that activate and refresh background knowledge. We evaluated the models against a novel dataset of benchmark examples collected from two curriculum experts and found that the LLM approaches perform comparably to, and often better than, the expert-created versions. This research highlights the potential of LLMs to support teachers in creating effective instructional scaffolds, offering significant implications for scalable instructional support and AI-driven educational tools.
Additional file 1 of Epidemiology of patients assessed for trauma by Swedish ambulance services: a retrospective registry study
Creators: name: Larsson, Glenn
name: Axelsson, Christer
name: Hagiwara, Magnus Andersson
name: Herlitz, Johan
name: Klementsson, Håkan
name: Troëng, Thomas
name: Magnusson, Carl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
E00162: Greek writing exercise of the 6th/7th c. from Egypt, mentioning *Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073).
Creators: name: Bryan
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: P.Rain.Unterricht 46

A parchment fragment of unknown provenance, with writing exercises on flesh and hair sides, including the line:

Μηνᾶς ὁ ἅγιος
'Menas, the saint'

Translation: Gesa Schenke.
E00163: Greek lease from Herakleopolis (Middle Egypt) mentioning a church of Apa *Menas (soldier and martyr of Abu Mena, S00073); dated 29 March 604.
Creators: name: Bryan
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: P.Erl. 73

A lease from Herakleopolis with the date 29 March 604, concerns a house situated in the quarter of Saint Menas, as stated in lines 18–19:

ἐν τῇ αὐτ[ῇ] Ἡρακλέους πόλει ἐν λαύρᾳ ἐκκλησ[ί]ας Ἀββᾶ Μηνᾶ

'in the same city Herakleopolis, in the quarter of the church of Abba Mena'

Full text available under: http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.erl;;73

Translation: Gesa Schenke
Prevalence and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica spp. isolated from food animals during 2010–2023 in South Korea
Creators: name: Ali, Md. Sekendar
name: Kang, Hee-Seung
name: Moon, Bo-Youn
name: Heo, Ye-Eun
name: Kim, Min Young
name: Choi, Ji-Hyun
name: Hwang, Yu-Jeong
name: Kim, Ji-In
name: Lee, Yeon-Hee
name: Kim, Jae-Myung
name: Lim, Suk-Kyung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: We isolated 6,561 Salmonella strains from food animals, cattle (n = 217), pigs (n = 1526), chickens (n = 3942), and ducks (n = 876). Isolates were evaluated for antimicrobial sensitivity, mutations in quinolone resistance determination regions (QRDRs), and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. Clonal relationship and genetic diversity were assessed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Overall, 3.1% of isolates exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin. Commonly identified mutations in QRDRs were S83F, D87N, and D87G in gyrA; T57S and S80I in parC; and L416F in parE. Furthermore, mutations differed by serotypes. In S. Albany, S83F mutation in gyrA and T57S in parC were prevalent, while in S. Kentucky, S83F and D87N in gyrA, T57S and S80I in parC; and in S. Indiana, S83F and D87G in gyrA, T57S and S80R in parC, and L416F in parE were common. Amongst PMQRs, qnrS was mainly observed in S. Albany, aac(6′)-Ib-cr in S. Indiana, and qnrB1 in S. Albany. Among STs, ST198 S. Kentucky was predominant, followed by ST292 S. Albany and ST17 S. Indiana. Of 26 pulsotypes, KX1KA1 was mainly identified in S. Kentucky, AX1AA1 in S. Albany, and IX1IA1 in S. Indiana. Taken together, ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella can pose health hazards to humans and other animals.
Additional file 1 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. The concentration comparison of the differential urinary metabolites involved in the other significant metabolism pathways between the case and control groups. A, D-Ribose. B, D-Gluconic Acid. C, Gluconolactone. D, 3,7-Dimethyluric acid. E, Theobromine. F, The ROC curve of the above metabolites. a-e represented the metabolites D-ribose, D-gluconic acid, gluconolactone, 3,7-dimethyluric acid, and theobromine, respectively. The line in panel A-E represented the median concentration and the dots were the concentration values of the individuals. ROC curve, the receiver operator characteristic curve
الشّبح الانتهازيّ
Creators: name: سيدني بورتر, ويليام
name: سيدني بورتر, ويليام
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2022

description: اقتُبست هذه القصّة من كتاب ويليام سيدني بورتر “أو. هنري”بعنوان “ستات وسبعات”[1]  ، “Sixes and Sevens”الذي نشر في عام 1911، ص. 95-107. وبينما ردّدت السّيّدة كينسولفينغ بأسىً وحزنٍ: “نعم بالفعل، صندوقٌ لنقل الطّوب!” قطّبت السّيّدة بيلاميبيلمور حاجبيها تعاطفاً؛ فقد كانت هذه طريقتها في التّعبير عن تعاطفها وتفاجئها الكبير.  ثمّ ما لبثت السّيّدة كينسولفينغ تروي القصّة على نحوٍ مقتضب قائلةً: “تصوّري أنّها أينما حلّت تحكي بأنّها رأت شبحاً في شُقّتنا الّتي نزلت ضيفةً فيها، وتحديداً في إحدى أفضل غرف الضّيوف لدينا، وحسب روايتها، فقد كان شبحَ رجلٍ عجوزٍ يرتدي بزّة العمل ويدّخن غليوناً ويحمل على كتفه صندوقاً لنقل الطّوب! إنّ سخافة هذا الشّيء وحدها تبيّن لك نواياها الخبيثة في أجلى صورها؛ إذ لم يسبق لأيّ رجلٍ من آل كينسولفينغ أن حمل صندوقاً لنقل الطوب، فكلّنا يعلم علم اليقين كيف جمع والد السّيّد كينسولفينغ ثروته من خلال تعهدّات البناء الكبيرة، وكيف أنّه لم يعمل بيديه قطّ، واعتمد على أفكاره وخططه في بناء هذا المنزل؛ ولذا أن تدّعي بأنّها رأت صندوقاً لنقل الطّوب، فيا للمصيبة! لم عليها أن تكون بهذه القسوة والخباثة؟”
Global foot-and-mouth disease risk assessment based on multiple spatial analysis and ecological niche model
Creators: name: An, Qi
name: Lv, Yiyang
name: Li, Yuepeng
name: Sun, Zhuo
name: Gao, Xiang
name: Wang, Hongbin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Foot-and-Mouth Disease is a highly contagious transboundary animal disease. FMD has caused a significant economic impact globally due to direct losses and trade restrictions on animals and animal products. This study utilized multi-distance spatial cluster analysis, kernel density analysis, directional distribution analysis to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of historical FMD epidemics. A multi-algorithm ensemble model considering climatic, geographic, and social factors was developed to predict the suitability area for FMDV, and then risk maps of FMD for each species of livestock were generated in combination with the distribution of livestock. The results show that all serotypes of FMD exhibit significant clustering with a clear tendency toward a directional distribution. Serotypes A and O are widespread in Asia, Europe, Africa, and South America. Serotype Asia 1 is prevalent in Asia. Serotype SAT2 is prevalent in Africa and the Middle East, while Serotypes SAT1 and SAT3 are restricted to Africa. Ecological niche modeling reveals temperature, precipitation, wind speed, and vegetation are important factors influencing the occurrence of FMD. Except for buffaloes, the distribution of high-risk areas for FMD occurrence in other livestock species is quite widespread. The areas primarily include the southern region of North America, the northern, southern, and eastern regions of South America, the Mediterranean region, the eastern region of Europe, the central and southern regions of Africa, the central, eastern, and southern regions of Asia, and parts of Australia. These findings will provide valuable insights into the prevention and control of FMD.
Additional file 2 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. The concentration comparison of the differential urinary metabolites involved in the other significant metabolism pathways between the fatal and survival groups. A, Trehalose. B, Sucrose. C, The ROC curve of the above metabolites. a and b represented the same urinary metabolites as above. The line in A and B represented the median concentration and the dots were the concentration values of the individuals. ROC curve, the receiver operator characteristic curve
مسألة الأسبقية في الكتابة – ألبير كامو / كاتب ياسين / كمال داود 1942-2013
Creators: name: شولي عاشور, كريستيان
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2022

description: تعالج هذه المداخلةلشولي عاشور كريستيان مسألة الأسبقية في الكتابة في إطار الحديث عن الأدب المغاربي المكتوب باللغة الفرنسية في مطلع القرن الواحد والعشرين، ولا سيما الأدب الجزائري،عبر استقرائها لنماذج من كتابات كاتب ياسين وكمال داود، وربطها بنصوص سابقة لها،حيث دار تحليلها حول محاولة إثبات أثر ألبير كامو على الروائيين الجزائريين مع اختلاف انتمائهما لفترتين متتاليتين (الاستعمار / ما بعد الاستعمار) خصوصا من خلالرواية الغريب التي شكَّلت مرجعا هاما ونصا مؤسسا للمنجز الروائي الجزائري المكتوب بالفرنسية مشكلة تعالقات نصية، ومثلته الكاتبة بالشخصية المحرضة للرواية الجزائرية في الماضي والحاضر.
sj-pdf-1-taj-10.1177_2040622320975241 – Supplemental material for Neglected extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients with normal body mass index: reduced skeletal muscle overlapping overfat
Creators: name: Jian-Zi Lin
name: Chu-Tao Chen
name: Jian-Da Ma
name: Mo, Ying-Qian
name: Qian-Hua Li
name: Le-Feng Chen
name: Ze-Hong Yang
name: Wan-Mei Cheng
name: He, Xiao-Ling
name: Zheng, Dong-Hui
name: Dai, Lie
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110308 Geriatrics and Gerontology
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 111702 Aged Health Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-taj-10.1177_2040622320975241 for Neglected extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis patients with normal body mass index: reduced skeletal muscle overlapping overfat by Jian-Zi Lin, Chu-Tao Chen, Jian-Da Ma, Ying-Qian Mo, Qian-Hua Li, Le-Feng Chen, Ze-Hong Yang, Wan-Mei Cheng, Xiao-Ling He, Dong-Hui Zheng and Lie Dai in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
sj-docx-1-ejt-10.1177_1354066120972758 – Supplemental material for Criminal accountability at what cost? Norm conflict, UN peace operations and the International Criminal Court
Creators: name: Buitelaar, Tom
name: Hirschmann, Gisela
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160607 International Relations
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ejt-10.1177_1354066120972758 for Criminal accountability at what cost? Norm conflict, UN peace operations and the International Criminal Court by Tom Buitelaar and Gisela Hirschmann in European Journal of International Relations
بطانيات
Creators: name: لاغوما, أليكس
name: لاغوما, أليكس
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2022

description: كان تشوكر مستلقياً على أرضية كوخه منحدر السطح، في الفناء الخلفي؛ حيث قام مجموعة من الناس بحمله إلى هناك، كان الجوُّ معتدل البرودة تحت السقف المتدلي للكوخ الموجدة بداخله كومة من القمامة المتنوعة، والموضوعة في إحدى الزوايا، وإطار سيارة قديمة، وعدَّة صناديق مجزّأة ومعوّجة، وعلامة طلاء لمّاع قديمة، شكّل تصدعها على الجدار ما يشبه خرائط لقاراتٍ على كوكبٍ آخر، ومسند سرير مُغْبرٌّ. كانت تفوح من كوخه رائحة الغبار وبراز الدجاج والبول.  من الخارج، وخلف معين الشمس الأصفر اللامع، انتهت إلى مسامعه مجموعة من الأصوات في الساحة، كانوا يناقشون أمره، فتح تشوكر عينيه وأمعن النظر على طول جسده الممدد، متجاوزاً بنظره إلى ما بعد أصابع قدميه العارية، والوسخة؛ حيث شاهد عدّة أرجل لذكور وإناث في سراويل رثةٍ، وجواربَ مُنْسَلَّة الخيوط، وسمع شخصاً ما، وكان رجلاً، يقول:  ” … هذا عَمَلٌ جبان … من الخلف، أليس كذلك؟” “نعم؛ ولكن انظر إلى ما فعله هو بالآخرين” قال آخر. فكّر تشوكر، عليهم اللعنة هؤلاء الحمقى … عليهم اللعنة جميعاً.  ألقى أحدهم عليه بطانية قديمة، ممزقة، وملطخة، تفوح منها رائحة العرق؛ حيث قد تلحف بها صاحبها دون أن يغتسل، لمس البطانية بأصابعه السمكية القذرة، فكان القماش خشناً في أجزاء ورقيقاً لامعاً حيث تسخَّم. لقد اعتاد تشوكر على مثل هذه البطانيات.  في الشارع تم طعن تشوكر، غدراً من الخلف ثلاث مراتٍ، من قِبَل عدو قديم أَقْسَمَ أن ينال منه ذات يوم، كانت الطعنة الأولى في مؤخرة الرأس، والثانية بين عظام الكتف، ثم أتبعها بطعنة ثالثة في الجانب الأيمن من الكتف.
Additional file 3 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Differential urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways between the control and fatal groups. A, The OPLS-DA model of the two groups. B, The super classes of significant differential urinary metabolites between the two groups. C, The volcano plot and super classes of significantly up-regulated and down-regulated urinary metabolites of the fatal group in contrast to the control group. D, The KEGG pathway mapping of significant differential urinary metabolites between the two groups. KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis
Anti-natal diagnosis of Syntelencephaly: Midline interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly
Creators: name: GHULE, SWATI
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Screening
subject: Congenital

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 25 years
description: Clinical History: Twenty five year old primi gravida came for routine second trimester ante-natal sonography. Uneventful pregnancy with no significant family history or past history. Sonographic evaluation was followed by termination of five month old foetus. MRI confirmat... Final Diagnosis: Syntelencephaly: Midline interhemispheric variant of holoprosencephaly
Additional file 4 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S4. The concentration comparison of the differential urinary metabolites involved in the significant metabolism pathways between the control and fatal groups. A, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate. B, 5-Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan. C, L-Kynurenine. D, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid. E, Indoleacetic acid. F, The ROC curve of the above metabolites. a-e represented the metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid and indoleacetic acid, respectively. The line in panel A-E represented the median concentration and the dots were the concentration values of the individuals. ROC curve, the receiver operator characteristic curve
E00169: The Liber Pontificalis, written in Latin in Rome in the 530s, and re-edited before 546, in its account of *Alexander (bishop and martyr of Rome, S00127), tells how he was martyred with his priest Eventius and deacon Theodulus, and buried on the via Nomentana outside Rome, close to where he was beheaded, on 3 May [AD 116].
Creators: name: Bryan
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: Liber Pontificalis 7

First edition (as reconstructed by Duchesne)

Alexander, natione Romanus, ex patre Alexandro, de regione Caput tauri, sedit ann. X m. VII d. II. Fuit autem temporibus Traiani, usque Heliano et Vetere ... Martyrio coronatur et cum eo Eventius presbiter et Theodolus diaconus ... Qui et sepultus est via Nomentana, ubi decollatus est, ab urbe Roma miliario VII, V non. mai.

'Alexander, born in Rome, son of Alexander, from the region of Caput Tauri, held the see 10 years 7 months 2 days. He was bishop in the time of Trajan to the consulship of Aelianus and Vetus [AD 116] ... He was crowned with martyrdom; with him were the priest Eventius and the deacon Theodulus. He decreed that water should be blessed with salt for sprinkling in the dwellings of the people. ... He was buried on the via Nomentana where he was beheaded, at the 7th mile from Rome, on the fifth day before the Nones of May [3 May].'

Second edition

Alexander, natione Romanus, ex patre Alexandro, de regione Caput tauri, sedit ann. X m. VII s. II. Fuit autem temporibus Traiani, usque Heliano et Vetere ... Martyrio coronatur et cum eo Eventius presbiter et Theodolus diaconus ... Qui etiam sepultus est via Numentana, ubi decollatus est, ab urbe Roma non longe, miliario VII, V nonas mai.

'Alexander, born in Rome, son of Alexander, from the region of Caput Tauri, held the see 10 years 7 months 2 days. He was bishop in the time of Trajan to the consulship of Aelianus and Vetus [AD 116] ... He was crowned with martyrdom; with him were the priest Eventius and the deacon Theodulus. ... He was buried on the Via Nomentana where he was beheaded, not far from Rome, at the 7th mile, on the fifth day before the Nones of May [3 May].'

Text: Duchesne 1886, 55 and 127. Translation: Davis 2010, 3-4, lightly modified.
Myiasis in European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)
Creators: name: Schütte, Karolin
name: Springer, Andrea
name: Brandes, Florian
name: Reuschel, Maximilian
name: Fehr, Michael
name: Strube, Christina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Myiasis due to parasitic fly larvae (maggots) can have major consequences for animal health and welfare. The European hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus is frequently presented in rehabilitation centres and veterinary practices due to health problems, including myiasis. In the present study, 557 hedgehogs presented at wildlife rehabilitation centres in Northern Germany during 2018–2021 were examined for the presence of dipteran eggs and larvae. Overall, 15.6% of animals carried fly eggs and/or larvae. Four different dipteran species were identified by PCR and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) region. Lucilia sericata was detected on 25.3% [22/87] of affected hedgehogs, followed by Calliphora vicina (12.6% [11/87]), Lucilia ampullacea (11.5% [10/87]) and Lucilia caesar (9.2% [8/87]). Myiasis prevalence was significantly higher during the summer compared to spring and autumn. Fly eggs were found all over the body, while larvae were detected most frequently in the body’s natural orifices and in wounds. Regarding rehabilitation success, myiasis occurred significantly more frequently in animals that died or were euthanized compared to those released back into the wild. Although the high death rate probably arose in combination with underlying disease, this illustrates that myiasis represents a serious health issue that should be diagnosed and treated immediately. Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo
Additional file 5 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Differential urinary metabolites and metabolic pathways between the control and survival groups. A, The OPLS-DA model of the two groups. B, The super classes of significant differential urinary metabolites between the two groups. C, The volcano plot and super classes of significantly up-regulated and down-regulated urinary metabolites of the fatal group in contrast to the control group. D, The KEGG pathway mapping of significant differential urinary metabolites between the two groups. KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis
Challenges For Refugees And Asylum Seekers: With Special Reference To Syrian Refugees Women
Creators: HC User
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2023

description: The paper highlights the challenges which are faced by the refugees and asylum seekers. It is a difficult time for them although they are making their best to survive. At present, the number of refugees and asylum seeker has risen with a passage of time and they look for settling in other countries. The authors will reflect on the different types of challenges which they have to deal with in their everyday life. Further, the paper will cover the risks which refugees came across. A special concern is made on the challenges which the Syrian refugee women come across relating to the recent event that has taken place. It is essential to make efforts to safeguard and protect women in order to promise a better future for coming generation. It is essential to make a joint effort to protect the interest of population which has gone through tough time. It is the need of the hour to provide better facilities to refugees and asylum seekers so that they do not suffer greater loss further.
E00174: Gregory of Tours writes the Life of *Friardus (recluse near Nantes, ob. 573, S00078): it presents the saint as having particular powers over the natural world, and tells how his companion was deceived by the devil into thinking he was a saint; all near Nantes (north-west Gaul). From Gregory's Life of the Fathers, written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/594. Overview of Gregory's Life of Friardus.
Creators: name: Dlambert
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: Gregory of Tours, Life of the Fathers, Book 10 (Life of Friardus)

Summary:

Preface: There are many paths to God, but the way is difficult and His help is needed [see $E00175] - Friardus amidst his difficulties always sought this help.

§ 1: Gregory knows of no text on the life of Friardus. He was an agricultural labourer but prayed constantly. During the harvest, his fellow harvesters got him to work by a wasps' nest, challenging him to tame them by prayer; with the sign of the cross, Friardus drove the wasps into their nest and was unharmed. He fell from a tree, but, by invoking Christ, landed unharmed.

§ 2: These events encouraged him to leave his family and go into the wilderness. Together with Abbot Sabaudus (an ex-official of King Chlothar) and the deacon Secundellus, he withdrew to the island of Vindunitta in the territory of Nantes; but the abbot then left the island. The devil appeared to Secundellus in the form of Christ and convinced him that he was a saint, and should leave the island and cure people - which he did. On returning to the island, Friardus explained to him his error, and Secundellus withstood all further temptations of the devil and died a holy man [see $E00176].

§ 3: Friardus performed miracles: he planted his staff and it grew into a tree; great crowds came to see it. So, fearingf vainglory, Friardus cut it down. He found a tree covered in blossom that had uprooted by the wind; he sharpened the end of the trunk and planted it in the ground; though lacking roots the tree revived and bore fruit. Gregory comments that, as he could revive trees, so too he would have been able to raise the dead.

§ 4: Friardus predicted the time of his death. When taken ill he asked Bishop Felix of Nantes to visit him one last time; but the bishop could not come at once, so Friardus postponed his death. When Felix finally arrived, they kept vigils together, and in the morning Friardus gave up his spirit. His cell shook and was filled with a sweet odour, and Felix's body was buried [see $E00177].

Text: Krusch 1969, 255-259. Summary: Marta Tycner.
MUST GO BEYOND SIMPLY CONSIDERING ENGLISH TO BE FOREIGN
Creators: name: Sarbunan, Thobias
name: Sarbunan, Thobias
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: English language

description: This abstract discusses the differences between learning English as a foreign language (EFL) and learning English as a  second language (ESL). The EFL is when English is learned in a non-English speaking nation where it is not the  primary communication medium, often for academic or professional reasons. In contrast, ESL is when English is  learned in a nation where it is the dominant language of conversation, often by immigrants and refugees who need  to integrate into their new societies. The main difference between EFL and ESL is the setting in which the language is  taught. EFL students often study in a school environment or independently and may require more opportunities to  practice speaking and hearing English outside the classroom. On the other hand, ESL students are constantly  exposed to English and must communicate in English to function in their everyday lives. Regardless of the setting,  both EFL and ESL are crucial for improving English proficiency and accessing better opportunities in communication,  education, and the workplace. Keywords: Academic, Communication, Education, EFL, English, ESL, Language, Learning, Professional, Setting,  Speaking, Students, Workplace.
Effects of ex situ conservation on commensal bacteria of crocodile lizard and conservation implications
Creators: name: Jiang, Haiying
name: Lv, Mei
name: He, Tengfei
name: Xie, Mujiao
name: Zhao, Zhiwen
name: He, Jiasong
name: Luo, Shuyi
name: Guo, Yide
name: Chen, Jinping
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Ex situ conservation is an important wildlife conservation strategy, but endangered wildlife in captivity often exhibit high disease rates. Commensal microorganisms are vital for homeostasis, immunity, and linked to diseases. This study analyzed the structure, assembly, variations of the symbiotic microbiota of the endangered crocodile lizard, and their relationship with environment, as well as the effects of captivity on them, to explore why captive reptiles face high dermatosis rates. Results showed that the reptile’s microbiota significantly differ from that of its habitat, demonstrating niche specificity. While species richness among organs showed no significant differences, microbial diversity varied considerably. Skin microbiota showed no site-specific clustering. The assembly of skin, oral, and intestinal bacterial communities was dominated by homogeneous selection. The gut and oral bacterial networks were resilient to disturbances, while the skin bacterial network was sensitive. Captivity primarily affected the skin microbiota, reducing its diversity and stability, thereby increasing disease risk, and these effects were not solely attributable to environmental changes. These findings suggested that skin microbial changes in captive reptiles may be responsible for their increased susceptibility to dermatosis in ex situ conservation. This study underscored the importance of understanding reptile-associated microbes for effective conservation strategies and offers potential solutions.
Additional file 6 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Fig. S6. The concentration comparison of the differential urinary metabolites involved in the significant metabolism pathways between the control and survival groups. A, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate. B, 5-Hydroxy-L-Tryptophan. C, L-Kynurenine. D, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid. E, 5-Methoxyindoleacetate. F, The ROC curve of the above metabolites. a-e represented the metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetate, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid and 5-methoxyindoleacetate, respectively. The line in panel A-E represented the median concentration and the dots were the concentration values of the individuals. ROC curve, the receiver operator characteristic curve
roots & radicals, patterns & affixes: a first meeting with Gəʕəz/ግዕዝ፡
Creators: name: Bremer-McCollum, Adam
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Semitic languages
subject: Ethiopia

description: A short introduction to Gəʕəz (Old Ethiopic), highlighting root and pattern structures.
Additional file 7 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7: Fig. S7. The comparison of biochemical index level between the case and control groups. A, LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. B, AST, aspartate transaminase. C, ALT, alanine transaminase. D, TBil, total bilirubin. E, DBil, direct bilirubin. F, IBil, indirect bilirubin. The lines in the middle and the top and bottom borders of the box represented the median and the upper and lower quartiles respectively. The top and bottom error bars represented the maximum and minimum respectively
E00177: Gregory of Tours, in his Life of *Friardus (recluse near Nantes, ob. 573, S00078), tells of miracles at the death of the saint, and of his burial; near Nantes (north-west Gaul), in 573. From Gregory's Life of the Fathers, written in Latin in Tours (north-west Gaul), 573/594.
Creators: name: Pnowakowski
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2014
Subjects: History

description: Gregory of Tours, Life of the Fathers 10.4

... [Friardus] tradidit spiritum. Quo emisso, mox omnis cellula ab odore suavitatis repleta tota contremuit; unde indubitatum est, angelicam ibidem adfuisse virtutem, quae sancti meritum signans, cellulam divinis faceret aromatibus efflagrare. Cuius gloriosum corpus sacerdos ablutum recondit in tumulo, Christus animam suscepit in caelo, relinquens terrigenis exempla virtutum.

'... he [Friardus] gave up his spirit. Straightaway the whole cell shook, and was filled with a sweet odour; from which it is certain that angelic power was there, which perfumed his cell with divine odours in order to mark the saint's merit. His glorious body was washed and enclosed in its tomb by the bishop, and his soul was received in heaven by Christ, leaving to the inhabitants of this earth the example of his virtues.'

Text: Krusch 1969, 258-259. Translation: James 1991, 76.
Additional file 8 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8: Fig. S8. The comparison of biochemical index level between the fatal and survival groups. A, LDH, lactate dehydrogenase. B, AST, aspartate transaminase. C, ALT, alanine transaminase. D, TBil, total bilirubin. E, DBil, direct bilirubin. F, IBil, indirect bilirubin. The lines in the middle and the top and bottom borders of the box represented the median and the upper and lower quartiles respectively. The top and bottom error bars represented the maximum and minimum respectively
Additional file 9 of Metabolic alterations in urine among the patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Creators: name: Zhang, Shan-Shan
name: Yang, Xin
name: Zhang, Wan-Xue
name: Zhou, Yiguo
name: Wei, Ting-Ting
name: Cui, Ning
name: Du, Juan
name: Liu, Wei
name: Lu, Qing-Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9: Supplementary methods and Table S1-S6. The detailed methods for quasi-targeted metabolomics of serum samples were described at the beginning, followed by Table S1-S6 which showed the list of hematologic indexes obtained in the laboratory tests, the concentration of differential metabolites between the control and case groups, the concentration of differential metabolites between the survival and fatal groups, the concentration of differential metabolites between the control and fatal groups, the concentration of differential metabolites between the control and survival groups, and the usage of compound amino acid injection in the survival and fatal groups.
مقاربة سيميولوجية  للهندسة المعمارية
Creators: name: شينمو, زهانغ
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2022

description: تعد التحف المعمارية الشهود الأكثر تعبيرا عن الحضارة الإنسانية. سواء أكانت في الصين أم في أوربا، فهي بمثابة حوامل للثقافات المادية والمرئية والدالة. تشكل الوظائف العملية والاجتماعية والجمالية فضلا عن علامات الهندسة المعمارية جزءا لا يتجزأ من التراث العالمي الذي يتميز بالتطور التكنولوجي علاوة على بنينة الوحدات الدالة للهندسة المعمارية التي بدورها تضفي على تلك التحف المعمارية بعدا ثقافيا ودلالة اجتماعية وروح التجديد الجمالي. ولذا، فإن الخاصية السيميولوجية للهندسة المعمارية والمبادئ الوظيفية المتعلقة بها، من شأنها أن تحملنا على التفكير في التأثيرات المتبادلة بين ثقافات العالم؛ إذ من الضروري أن تلتئم النفعية والجمالية، وأن يتآلف التراث والمعاصرة، وأن يلتقي الشرق و الغرب من أجل إثراء متبادل.
sj-pdf-2-pul-10.1177_2045894020968677 - Supplemental material for The extent of enlarged bronchial arteries is not correlated with the development of reperfusion pulmonary edema after pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Creators: name: Ikubo, Yumiko
name: Sanada, Takayuki J.
name: Tanabe, Nobuhiro
name: Naito, Akira
name: Shoji, Hiroki
name: Nagata, Jun
name: Kuriyama, Ayaka
name: Yanagisawa, Asako
name: Kobayashi, Takayuki
name: Yamamoto, Keiko
name: Kasai, Hajime
name: Suda, Rika
name: Sekine, Ayumi
name: Sugiura, Toshihiko
name: Shigeta, Ayako
name: Ishida, Keiichi
name: Sakao, Seiichiro
name: Masuda, Masahisa
name: Tatsumi, Koichiro
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-pul-10.1177_2045894020968677 for The extent of enlarged bronchial arteries is not correlated with the development of reperfusion pulmonary edema after pulmonary endarterectomy in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension by Yumiko Ikubo, Takayuki J. Sanada, Nobuhiro Tanabe, Akira Naito, Hiroki Shoji, Jun Nagata, Ayaka Kuriyama, Asako Yanagisawa, Takayuki Kobayashi, Keiko Yamamoto, Hajime Kasai, Rika Suda, Ayumi Sekine, Toshihiko Sugiura, Ayako Shigeta, Keiichi Ishida, Seiichiro Sakao, Masahisa Masuda and Koichiro Tatsumi in Pulmonary Circulation
Zooplankton and White Goby (Glossogobius giuris Hamilton 1822): Correlation and Fishers' Perception in Selected Sites in Laguna de Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines
Creators: name: Arthur J. Lagbas, Juvie Ann M. Salvaleon
Publisher: name: Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Correlation/ Glossogobius giuris/ Laguna de Bay/ Zooplankton species

description: Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 15, 1
Spatial and Temporal Changes of Sundarbans Reserve Forest in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Sanaul Haque Mondal And Premanondo Debnath
Publisher: name: Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Bangladesh / Geographic Information System (GIS) / Land cover change / Remote Sensing / Sundarbans Reserved Forest / Sundarbans Mangrove Forest

description: Environment and Natural Resources Journal, 15, 1
Natural Convective Heat Transfer of Cobalt-kerosene Nanofluid inside a Quarter-Circular Enclosure with Uniform and Non-uniform Heated Bottom Wall Using Two-component Nonhomogeneous Model
Creators: name: Md. Shariful Alam
Publisher: name: กองบริหารการวิจัย
Year: 2017
Subjects: Nanofluid, Thermophoresis, Brownian motion, Heat transfer, Finite element method

description: Thammasat International Journal of Science and Technology, 22, 1
العدالة الاجتماعية في سياق عالمي
Creators: name: جوردن, بيل
name: جوردن, بيل
Publisher: name: Humanities Commons
Year: 2022

description: تقدم هذه الورقة أهمية الترجمة كمهمة أخلاقية لتوطيد العلائق الإنسانية وذلك من خلال التركيز على مفهوم الرعاية الاجتماعية لتوضيح مدى جودة الخدمات المقدمة من قبل حكومات الدول المتقدمة لمواطنيها. فكل من الألفة، والتوقعات، والتضحية، وتضارب جدول الأعمال، والمسؤولية، وجميع أنواع القضايا في مجال الرعاية الاجتماعية يمكن أن تسهم في توليد قلاقل للمجتمع. حقا، إن حوار الثقافات المتصل لا يمكنه الاستغناء عن آليات العلاقات الإنسانية المتمثلة في أيقونة علاقة الفرد بالمجتمع.فالعديد من الأخصائيين الاجتماعيين لهم اهتمام ملحوظ في الكثير من جوانب الرعاية الاجتماعية مثل العدالة الاجتماعية والعولمة والتكامل السياسي.لذا فأهمية هذه الورقة هو لفت انتباه الدول العربية إلى أعمال بيل جوردن، القارئ في الدراسات الاجتماعية بجامعة اكستر، وأستاذ السياسة الاجتماعية في جامعة هدرسفيلد. وقد كتب بيل على نطاق واسع في السياسة والنظم الاجتماعية، بما في ذلك معظم ما نشر مؤخرًا في نظرية الفقر والإقصاء الاجتماعي (1996). تقدم هذا الورقة ترجمة عربية لمقدمة لكتاب بيل الرئيسي بعنوان “السياسة الجديدة لمفهوم الرعاية: العدالة الاجتماعية في سياق عالمي” (1998، المجلد الثاني من سلسلة منشورات SAGE السياسة ،ويقع الكتاب في 260 صفحة) في خضم الدراسات المكثفة في ميدان الرعاية الاجتماعية. ولذلك، كانت الغاية من ترجمة الفصل التمهيدي “العدالة الاجتماعية في سياق عالمي” هو أن تلهب الحماسة السياسية من شأن رفع حجم جهود الدول العربية في سعيها لتحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية على نطاق واسع.
Information and communication technologies and the COVID-19: from economic inequality to educational digital divide in central and South America
Creators: name: Amoedo, José Manuel
name: Blanco-Varela, Bruno
name: Campos-Romero, Hugo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: During the pandemic, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education gained significance due to the closure of educational institutions. Therefore, the gap in educational performance between students with access to ICT and those without access to them may have widened. This paper analyzes whether the educational digital divide caused by access to ICT has increased in eight countries in Central and South America. Propensity Score Matching is employed to estimate the effect of access to ICT on educational performance considering students’ socioeconomic background, eliminating the effect of other pre-existing inequalities using data from PISA (2018 and 2022 editions). The results indicate that the educational digital divide generated by unequal access to ICT has widened during the pandemic. However, outcomes vary depending on the country and the assessed competence. These findings underline the need to keep debating the impact of unequal access to ICT on educational systems, especially in developing countries.