cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos on the Importance of Sociocultural Environmental Interactors: Polygenic Risk Score-by-Immigration and Dietary Interactions
Creators: name: Preudhomme, L.K.
name: Rodell, C.C.
name: Pirzada, A.
name: Cai, J.
name: Daviglus, M.L.
name: Graff, M.
name: Fernandez-Rhodes, L.
name: McArdle, C.E.
name: Bokhari, H.
name: Gallo, L.C.
name: Isasi, C.R.
name: Wojcik, G.
name: North, K.
name: Buchanan, V.
name: Perreira, K.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity. Acculturation to US obesogenic diet and practices may lead to an exacerbation of innate genetic susceptibility. We examined the role of gene–environment interactions to better characterize the sociocultural environmental determinants and their genome-scale interactions, which may contribute to missing heritability of obesity. We utilized polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for body mass index (BMI) to perform analyses of PRS-by-acculturation and other environmental interactors among self-identified Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Methods: PRSs were derived using genome-wide association study (GWAS) weights from a publicly available, large meta-analysis of European ancestry samples. Generalized linear models were run using a set of a priori acculturation-related and environmental factors measured at visit 1 (2008–2011) and visit 2 (2014–2016) in an analytic subsample of 8,109 unrelated individuals with genotypic, phenotypic, and complete case data at both visits. We evaluated continuous measures of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio. All models were weighted for complex sampling design, combined, and sex-stratified. Results: Overall, we observed a consistent increase of BMI with greater PRS across both visits. We found the best-fitting model adjusted for top five principal components of ancestry, sex, age, study site, Hispanic/Latino background genetic ancestry group, sociocultural factors and PRS interactions with age at immigration, years since first arrival to the United States (p < 0.0104), and healthy diet (p < 0.0036) and explained 16% of the variation in BMI. For every 1-SD increase in PRS, there was a corresponding 1.10 kg/m2 increase in BMI (p < 0.001). When these results were stratified by sex, we observed that this 1-SD effect of PRS on BMI was greater for women than men (1.45 vs. 0.79 kg/m2, p < 0.001). Discussion: We observe that age at immigration and the adoption of certain dietary patterns may play a significant role in modifying the effect of genetic risk on obesity. Careful consideration of sociocultural and immigration-related factors should be evaluated. The role of nongenetic factors, including the social environment, should not be overlooked when describing the performance of PRS or for promoting population health in understudied populations in genomics.
Low-mass companions to Hyades stars
Creators: name: Guenther, E. W.
name: Paulson, D. B.
name: Cochran, W. D.
name: Patience, J.
name: Hatzes, A. P.
name: Macintosh, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now well established that a large fraction of the low-mass stars are binaries or higher order multiples. Similarly a sizable fraction have giant planets. In contrast to these, the situation for brown dwarf companions is complicated: While close systems seem to be extremely rare, wide systems are possibly more common. In this paper, we present new results on a survey for low-mass companions in the Hyades. After measuring precisely the radial velocity of 98 Hyades dwarf stars for 5 years, we have selected all stars that show low-amplitude long-period trends. With AO-observations of these 14 stars we found companion candidates around nine of them, where one star has two companions. The two companions of HIP 16548 have masses between 0.07 to 0.08 Mo, and are thus either brown dwarfs or very low mass stars. In the case of HAN 172 we found a companion with a mass between 0.08 to 0.10 Mo, which is again between a star and a brown dwarf. The other seven stars all have stellar companions. In two additional cases, the RV-variations are presumably caused by stellar activity, and in another case the companion could be a short-period binary. The images of the remaining two stars are slightly elongated, which might imply that even these are binaries. Because at least 12 of the 14 stars showing low-amplitude RV trends turn out to have companions with a mass greater than 70 MJupiter, or are just active, we finally estimate the number of companions with masses between 10 MJupiter and 70 MJupiter within 8 AU of the host stars in the Hyades as less equal 2%.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Bin Packing under Random-Order: Breaking the Barrier of 3/2
Creators: name: Hebbar, Anish
name: Khan, Arindam
name: Sreenivas, K. V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Best-Fit is one of the most prominent and practically used algorithms for the bin packing problem, where a set of items with associated sizes needs to be packed in the minimum number of unit-capacity bins. Kenyon [SODA '96] studied online bin packing under random-order arrival, where the adversary chooses the list of items, but the items arrive one by one according to an arrival order drawn uniformly randomly from the set of all permutations of the items. Kenyon's seminal result established an upper bound of $1.5$ and a lower bound of $1.08$ on the random-order ratio of Best-Fit, and it was conjectured that the true ratio is $\approx 1.15$. The conjecture, if true, will also imply that Best-Fit (on randomly permuted input) has the best performance guarantee among all the widely-used simple algorithms for (offline) bin packing. This conjecture has remained one of the major open problems in the area, as highlighted in the recent survey on random-order models by Gupta and Singla [Beyond the Worst-Case Analysis of Algorithms '20]. Recently, Albers et al. [Algorithmica '21] improved the upper bound to $1.25$ for the special case when all the item sizes are greater than $1/3$, and they improve the lower bound to $1.1$. Ayyadevara et al. [ICALP '22] obtained an improved result for the special case when all the item sizes lie in $(1/4, 1/2]$, which corresponds to the $3$-partition problem. The upper bound of $3/2$ for the general case, however, has remained unimproved.
 In this paper, we make the first progress towards the conjecture, by showing that Best-Fit achieves a random-order ratio of at most $1.5 - \varepsilon$, for a small constant $\varepsilon>0$. Furthermore, we establish an improved lower bound of $1.144$ on the random-order ratio of Best-Fit, nearly reaching the conjectured ratio.
Effects of Highrise Development on Urban Quality in Embakasi Pipeline Residential Neighbourhood
Creators: name: Magal, Jesse
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 440707
subject: Housing policy
classificationCode: 440408
subject: Urban community development
classificationCode: 330413
subject: Urban planning and health

description: Increasing global populations around the world especially in cities has necessitated a different approach be taken in terms of housing. As urban areas grapple to meet the demand of housing, traditional low rise that has spanned for centuries and generation is now deemed ineffective, land inefficient and costly. Traditional low rise has also led to urban sprawl in many urban areas. To combat this and, provide sufficient housing, cities have turned to high rise development. Although high rise development has been a perfect response to housing needs, it has also affected the quality of urban areas with many of these effects manifesting in a negative manner. Although perfect high-rise development that contribute to good urban quality exist in many places around the world, in Africa it is on a completely different spectrum according to the nature of growth of African cities. This research investigates the effects that high rises can have on the urban quality of a place using Embakasi Pipeline Residential Neighbourhood in Nairobi, Kenya as its case study
Bayesian parameter estimation using Gaussian states and measurements
Creators: name: Morelli, Simon
name: Usui, Ayaka
name: Agudelo, Elizabeth
name: Friis, Nicolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian analysis is a framework for parameter estimation that applies even in uncertainty regimes where the commonly used local (frequentist) analysis based on the Cramér-Rao bound is not well defined. In particular, it applies when no initial information about the parameter value is available, e.g., when few measurements are performed. Here, we consider three paradigmatic estimation schemes in continuous-variable quantum metrology (estimation of displacements, phases, and squeezing strengths) and analyse them from the Bayesian perspective. For each of these scenarios, we investigate the precision achievable with single-mode Gaussian states under homodyne and heterodyne detection. This allows us to identify Bayesian estimation strategies that combine good performance with the potential for straightforward experimental realization in terms of Gaussian states and measurements. Our results provide practical solutions for reaching uncertainties where local estimation techniques apply, thus bridging the gap to regimes where asymptotically optimal strategies can be employed.
description: 16+4 pages, 8 figures
Agricultural and Trade Policy Reform and Inequality: The Distributive Effects of Direct Payments to German Farmers under the EU's New Common Agricultural Policy
Creators: name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Noleppa, Steffen
name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Noleppa, Steffen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union has been in a process of reform since the early 1990s. As a result of reforms, agricultural market regulations have become more liberal and direct payments have been introduced which are to a large extent decoupled from production. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the direct payments to farmers on inequality of profits in German agriculture. For this purpose, we decompose measures of absolute and relative inequality in total farm profits into the partial effects of the direct payments and all other profit determinants. Key results of the analysis are that the system of direct payments under the New CAP accounts for about one third of the observed inequality in family farms and for almost two thirds of inequality in the large incorporated farms.
АВТОНОМНОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ КАК ЧАСТЬ ЯЗЫКОВОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Creators: name: Николаева М.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: самостоятельное обучение
автономность
мотивация
стратегия
языковые задачи
платформы и сервисы
аутентичный контент.

description: Неотъемлемой частью подготовки студентов является формирование профессионально ориентированной коммуникативной иноязычной компетенции. При определенных условиях на первый план выходят новые формы обучения, к которым относится автономное изучение иностранного языка онлайн. Особое внимание в статье уделено вопросу понимания того факта, что не последнюю роль в данном процессе играет личность преподавателя. Актуальность данной проблемы связана, прежде всего, с тем, что в статье рассматриваются различные подходы и средства самостоятельного изучения иностранного языка.
Couplings of Vector-Spinor Representation for SO(10) Model Building
Creators: name: Nath, Pran
name: Syed, Raza M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higgs multiplet in the vector-spinor representations of SO(10), i.e., the $144+\bar{144}$ multiplet can break the SO(10) gauge symmetry spontaneously in one step down to the Standard Model gauge group symmetry $SU(3)_C\times SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ and a recent analysis has used such vector-spinors for building a new class of SO(10) grand unification models (hep-ph/0506312) . Here we discuss the techniques for the computation of several classes of vector-spinor couplings using the Basic Theorem on the SO(2N) vertex expansion developed by the authors. The computations include the cubic couplings of the vector-spinors with SO(10) tensors, quartic self-couplings of the vector-spinors, and couplings of the vector-spinors with spinor representations of SO(10). The last set include couplings of vector-spinors with the 16-plets of quarks and lepton and with the 16 and $\bar{16}$ of Higgs. These couplings provide a crucial tool for further development of the SO(10) grand unification using vector-spinor representations. These include study of quark-lepton masses, analysis of dimension five operators including baryon and lepton number violating operators, and study of neutrino masses and mixings. Illustrative examples are given for their computation using a sample of vector-spinor couplings.
description: 59 pages
title: Социально-экономические проблемы интеллектуализации общества
title: Social and Economic Problems of Society Intellectualization
Creators: name: Антипина, Наталья Львовна
name: Калинина, Анна Викторовна
name: Моор, Светлана Михайловна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2019

description: В статье предложен анализ подходов к исследованию проблемы интеллектуализации общества. Определены условия процесса интеллектуализации и его особенности с учетом тенденций социально-экономического развития современного глобального общества. Выявлены перспективы развития интеллектуального потенциала общества как интегрального фактора усиления конкурентоспособности и экономического потенциала государства.
description: The article focuses on an analysis of research approaches of society intellectualization pro-lem. The conditions of the intellectualization process, its features, focused on the trends of social and economic development of modern global society are identified. Prospects for the society intellectual potential development as an integral factor in strengthening the competitiveness and the economic potential of the state are highlighted.
Spatial Mapping of Electrostatics and Dynamics across 2D Heterostructures
Creators: name: Murthy, Akshay A.
name: Ribet, Stephanie M.
name: Stanev, Teodor K.
name: Liu, Pufan
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Stern, Nathaniel P.
name: Reis, Roberto dos
name: Dravid, Vinayak P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In situ electron microscopy is a key tool for understanding the mechanisms driving novel phenomena in 2D structures. Unfortunately, due to various practical challenges, technologically relevant 2D heterostructures prove challenging to address with electron microscopy. Here, we use the differential phase contrast imaging technique to build a methodology for probing local electrostatic fields during electrical operation with nanoscale precision in such materials. We find that by combining a traditional DPC setup with a high pass filter, we can largely eliminate electric fluctuations emanating from short-range atomic potentials. With this method, a priori electric field expectations can be directly compared with experimentally derived values to readily identify inhomogeneities and potentially problematic regions. We use this platform to analyze the electric field and charge density distribution across layers of hBN and MoS2.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
The Falicov-Kimball model
Creators: name: Gruber, Christian
name: Ueltschi, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B10, 82B20, 82B26

description: This is a review for Elsevier's Encyclopedia of mathematical physics.
description: 13 pages
Landwirtschaft in der okologischen Marktwirtschaft: Sicherung der Welternahrung vs. Klimaschutz und Bioenergie
Creators: name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Von Witzke, Harald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Ökologie und Klimaschutz sind in aller Munde. Die politischen Parteien in Deutschland und anderswo sind sich weitgehend einig. Die Marktwirtschaft soll "ökologisch" sein. Für Ökonomen ist dies Problem zumindest theoretisch ziemlich trivial. Die Emission von Klimagasen ist eine negative Externalität und Klimaschutz ein öffentliches Gut. Beides sind Formen von sog. Marktversagen. Staatliche Aktivität hat dann das Potential, das Marktergebnis aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht noch zu verbessern. In jeder Einführungsveranstaltung zu den Grundlagen der Wirtschaftswissenschaften werden den Studierenden die Charakteristika von Externalitäten und öffentlichen Gütern beigebracht und auch die gesamtwirtschaftlich effizienten staatlichen Aktionen bei Auftreten von Marktversagen analysiert. In anderen Worten: Eine Volkswirtschaft, in der Umwelt- und Klimaschutz nicht beachtet werden, ist keine funktionierende Marktwirtschaft. Eine Reihe von Veröffentlichungen in jüngster Zeit (z. B. Paustian et al., 2006; Richards et al., 2006; UNFCCC, 2006; Stern, 2007) zum Einfluss von anthropogenen Emissionen auf das globale Klima hat die öffentliche Diskussion um Alternativen zum Verbrauch fossiler Energieträger weiter angeheizt. Dabei ist auch Bioenergie als wichtige Komponente im Mix der Energiequellen immer wieder ins Gespräch gekommen. Die rasch wachsende Bedeutung von Bioenergie und die staatliche Förderung der Produktion von Bioenergie haben einen Konflikt deutlich werden lassen, dem in der Öffentlichkeit bisher wenig Beachtung geschenkt wurde, nämlich den Konflikt zwischen Sicherung der Welternährung einerseits und Klimaschutz sowie Sicherung der Energieversorgung durch Bioenergieproduktion andererseits. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, diesen Konflikt im Einzelnen zu charakterisieren und Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Auflösung dieses Konflikts zu analysieren. Zu diesem Zweck soll einer der Megatrends der Weltlandwirtschaft, den wir auch als "Landwirtschaftliche Tretmühle" bezeichnen, charakterisiert werden und analysiert werden, warum dieser langfristige Trend in der Weltlandwirtschaft sich zu ändern begonnen hat. Daraus werden sodann Implikationen für die Welternährungssituation abgeleitet. Anschließend sollen der Effekt der Steigerung der Bioenergieproduktion auf die Welternährung analysiert werden und mögliche Auswege aus dem Dilemma von Sicherung der Welternährung einerseits und Klimaschutz sowie Sicherung der Energieversorgung durch Bioenergie andererseits diskutiert werden.
Special Treatment and Policy Space for the Developing Economies in the Multilateral Trade Regime
Creators: name: Das, Dilip K.
name: Das, Dilip K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The contemporary multilateral trading system comprises members ranging from high- to very low-income countries; this range has a bearing on the operations of the multilateral trade regime. Presence of a large number of low-income members is the new systemic reality. Special and differential treatment (SDT) has operated for the developing economies, principally for the small, low-income ones, for many decades. The concept of SDT grew in three basic stages, on which this article elaborates. Theoretically this concept was meaningful and significant, but in reality it has not engendered substantial benefits to the intended beneficiary groups, the developing economies. The Uruguay and the Doha Rounds of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs) reaffirmed faith in SDT. The Doha Development Agenda (DDA) was clear about reaffirming the importance of SDT to the multilateral trade regime and referred to it as an integral part of the WTO Agreement. During the Fifth Ministerial Conference in Cancún and the subsequent WTO meeting in Geneva in July 2004, small developing countries held together as the Group-of-Ninety (G-90). They made their presence felt in the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference as well. As SDT has not spawned large benefits for the target groups of countries, there is a pressing need to refine the concept. Academics and policy makers have debated over what future shape SDT should take so that it will be able to meet the expected goals. Taking these concerns into account, this article presents a comprehensive set of recommendations.
Genetic discovery and risk characterization in type 2 diabetes across diverse populations
Creators: name: Raffield, L.
name: Nadkarni, G.N.
name: Carlson, C.
name: Highland, H.M.
name: Ng, M.C.Y.
name: Petty, L.
name: Stram, D.O.
name: Nicolas, A.
name: Tao, R.
name: Sheng, X.
name: Below, J.E.
name: Kooperberg, C.
name: Tusie-Luna, T.
name: Pankow, J.S.
name: The 23andMe Research Team
name: González-Villalpando, C.
name: Jensen, R.A.
name: Wikens, L.R.
name: Peters, U.
name: Wang, W.
name: Yanek, L.R.
name: Bielak, L.F.
name: Chen, G.
name: Tajuddin, S.
name: Guo, X.
name: Daviglus, M.
name: Preuss, M.
name: Liu, S.
name: Spracklen, C.N.
name: Cade, B.E.
name: Darst, B.F.
name: Schurmann, C.
name: Lu, Y.
name: Fontanillas, P.
name: DIAMANTE Hispanic/Latino Consortium
name: Sun, M.
name: Joo, Y.Y.
name: Chen, W.-M.
name: Du, Z.
name: Rhie, S.K.
name: Orozco, L.
name: Sim, X.
name: Qi, Q.
name: MEta-analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans Consortium
name: Haiman, C.A.
name: Loos, R.J.F.
name: Boerwinkle, E.A.
name: Phillips, L.S.
name: Le Marchand, L.
name: Patel, Y.
name: An, P.
name: Polfus, L.M.
name: Mercader, J.M.
name: North, K.E.
name: Bien, S.
name: Buyske, S.
name: Graff, M.
Publisher: name: Cell Press
Year: 2021

description: Genomic discovery and characterization of risk loci for type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been conducted primarily in individuals of European ancestry. We conducted a multiethnic genome-wide association study of T2D among 53,102 cases and 193,679 control subjects from African, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian, and European population groups in the Population Architecture Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) and Diabetes Genetics Replication and Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) Consortia. In individuals of African ancestry, we discovered a risk variant in the TGFB1 gene (rs11466334, risk allele frequency (RAF) = 6.8%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, p = 2.06 × 10−8), which replicated in independent studies of African ancestry (p = 6.26 × 10−23). We identified a multiethnic risk variant in the BACE2 gene (rs13052926, RAF = 14.1%, OR = 1.08, p = 5.75 × 10−9), which also replicated in independent studies (p = 3.45 × 10−4). We also observed a significant difference in the performance of a multiethnic genetic risk score (GRS) across population groups (pheterogeneity = 3.85 × 10−20). Comparing individuals in the top GRS risk category (40%–60%), the OR was highest in Asians (OR = 3.08) and European (OR = 2.94) ancestry populations, followed by Hispanic (OR = 2.39), Native Hawaiian (OR = 2.02), and African ancestry (OR = 1.57) populations. These findings underscore the importance of genetic discovery and risk characterization in diverse populations and the urgent need to further increase representation of non-European ancestry individuals in genetics research to improve genetic-based risk prediction across populations.
Additional time-dependent phase in the flavor-conversion formulas
Creators: name: Bernardini, Alex E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of intermediate wave-packets for treating flavor oscillations, we quantify the modifications which appear when we assume a strictly peaked momentum distribution and consider the second-order corrections in a power series expansion of the energy. By following a sequence of analytic approximations, we point out that an extra time-dependent phase is merely the residue of second-order corrections. Such phase effects are usually ignored in the relativistic wave-packet treatment, but they do not vanish non-relativistically and can introduce some small modifications to the oscillation pattern even in the ultra-relativistic limit.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАЯ ПРЕЮДИЦИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЙ
Creators: name: Родин А.Ю.
name: Ростокинский А.В.
Publisher: name: Образование и право
Year: 2021
Subjects: административная преюдиция
профилактика
преступность
предупредительная мера
правовой механизм
эффективность
статистика.

description: Предметом выступает контраргументация применения административной преюдиции в противодействии преступности. Для целей исследования были применены общенаучные методы (анализ, сравнения, обобщение) и частнонаучный (сравнительно-правовой). Актуальность обусловлена необходимостью переоценки роли административной преюдиции в профилактике повторных правонарушений и преступлений. Результатом работы является обобщение полученных сведений из различных источников, на которых выстраивается логическое обоснование о невозможности применения административной преюдиции в профилактике преступлений. Автор приходит к выводам о том, что накопленная база исследований в данном направлении свидетельствует о низкой эффективности противодействия многократности совершения аналогичного деликта одними и теми же лицами в случаях использования административной преюдиции, как единственного правового средства. Административная преюдиция, в первую очередь, была призвана для декриминализации преступлений, для снижения уголовно-правовой репрессии и как следствие снижения уровня судимостей по статьям УК РФ небольшой тяжести. Однако на практике отмечается только криминализация административных правонарушений и рост количества судимостей как последствие этой криминализации. В связи с чем, автор ставит под сомнение рациональность применения административной преюдиции в уголовном праве России. Она не может устранять условия и причины совершения преступлений, следовательно, ее использование в роли правового средства в противодействии преступности недопустимо.
Eigenfrequency of nodeless elastic vibrations locked in the crust of quaking neutron star
Creators: name: Bastrukov, S.
name: Chang, H-K.
name: Chen, G. -T.
name: Molodtsova, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Newtonian solid-mechanical theory of non-compressional spheroidal and torsional nodeless elastic vibrations in the homogenous crust model of a quaking neutron star is developed and applied to the modal classification of the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of X-ray luminosity in the aftermath of giant flares in SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14. Particular attention is given to the low-frequency QPOs in the data for SGR 1806-20 whose physical origin has been called into question. Our calculations suggest that unspecified QPOs are due to nodeless dipole torsional and dipole spheroidal elastic shear vibrations.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures: Mod.Phys.Lett. A23 (2008) 477
Gentile statistics and restricted partitions
Creators: name: Srivatsan, C. S.
name: Murthy, M. V. N.
name: Bhaduri, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper (Tran et al., Ann.Phys.311(2004)204), some asymptotic number theoretical results on the partitioning of an integer were derived exploiting its connection to the quantum density of states of a many-particle system. We generalise these results to obtain an asymptotic formula for the restricted or coloured partitions p_k^s(n), which is the number of partitions of an integer n into the summand of s^{th} powers of integers such that each power of a given integer may occur utmost k times. While the method is not rigorous, it reproduces the well known asymptotic results for s=1 apart from yielding more general results for arbitrary values of s.
description: 13 Pages, 3 Postscript figures, title changed and minor corrections
Robustness of topologically sensitive harmonic generation in laser-driven linear chains
Creators: name: Drüeke, Helena
name: Bauer, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A huge difference in the harmonic yield from the two topological phases of finite, dimerizing linear chains in laser fields has recently been observed in all-electron time-dependent density functional simulations [D. Bauer, K.K. Hansen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 177401 (2018)]. In this work, we explore the robustness of the effect concerning the size of the chains, a continuous transition between the two topological phases, and disorder. A high robustness of both the degeneracy of the edge states in the topologically non-trivial phase and of the pronounced destructive interference causing a dip in the harmonic spectra in the topologically trivial phase is observed.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX 4.1
Probing Pair-Correlated Fermionic Atoms through Correlations in Atom Shot Noise
Creators: name: Greiner, M.
name: Regal, C. A.
name: Stewart, J. T.
name: Jin, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pair-correlated fermionic atoms are created through dissociation of weakly bound molecules near a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance. We show that correlations between atoms in different spin states can be detected using the atom shot noise in absorption images. Furthermore, using time-of-Flight imaging we have observed atom pair correlations in momentum space.
title: Теоретико-методологические аспекты организации социальной политики государства
title: Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of Organization of State Social Policy
Creators: name: Биганова, Мадина Александровна
name: Вазагов, Виктор Мисостович
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2019

description: В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты организации социальной политики государства. Предложено авторское определение понятия «социальная политика». Целью исследования является анализ влияния изменений экономического развития общества на трансформацию взглядов политэкономов на сущность и содержание социальной политики.
description: The article describes the main aspects of the organization of state social policy. The authors’ definition of social policy is presented. The study aims to analyze the influence of changes in the economic development of society on the transformation of the views of political economists on the nature and content of the social policy.
Validation in a Brazilian population of gene markers of periodontitis previously investigated by GWAS and bioinformatic studies
Creators: name: Orrico, S.R.P.
name: Nepomuceno, R.
name: North, K.E.
name: Scarel-Caminaga, R.M.
name: Graff, M.
name: Barros, S.P.
name: Cirelli, T.
name: Rossa, C., Jr.
name: Cirelli, J.A.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2021

description: Background: Bioinformatic tools and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to comprehensive identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with periodontitis in diverse populations. Here we aimed to detect and validate the association of seven SNPs as genetic markers of susceptibility to periodontitis in a Brazilian population. Methods: This case-control study assessed complete periodontal parameters of 714 subjects with periodontal status classified as healthy/mild periodontitis (n = 356) and moderate/severe periodontitis (n = 358). Genotyping for rs187238, rs352140, rs1360573, rs2521634, rs3811046, rs3826782, and rs7762544 SNPs were evaluated. Genetic-phenotype associations, and sex or smoking effects of SNPs on periodontitis were tested using multiple logistic regressions adjusted for covariates. Results: The rs2521634-AA (close to NPY gene) presented increased risk for severe periodontitis (OR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.19–4.59). The rs3811046-GG (IL37 gene) demonstrated increased risk for moderate periodontitis (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.28–5.18). Higher risk for moderate periodontitis was found in male with rs7762544-AG close to NCR2 gene. The rs352140-TT in the TLR9 gene proved to be associated with lower risk to severe periodontitis in men. The rs2521634-AA was associated with higher percentage of interproximal probing pocket depth (P =.004). Conclusions: This is the first evidence of validation in a Brazilian population of genetic markers of periodontitis previously investigated by GWAS and bioinformatics studies. SNPs in the NPY, IL37, and NCR2 genes were associated with susceptibility to moderate or severe periodontitis; whereas the TLR9 marker was associated with lower chance to develop severe periodontitis. Those SNPs had sex- and smoking-habit-specific effects on periodontitis; reinforcing the genetic profile predisposing to periodontitis.
The Android Platform Security Model (2023)
Creators: name: Mayrhofer, René
name: Stoep, Jeffrey Vander
name: Brubaker, Chad
name: Hackborn, Dianne
name: Bonné, Bram
name: Tuncay, Güliz Seray
name: Jover, Roger Piqueras
name: Specter, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Android is the most widely deployed end-user focused operating system. With its growing set of use cases encompassing communication, navigation, media consumption, entertainment, finance, health, and access to sensors, actuators, cameras, or microphones, its underlying security model needs to address a host of practical threats in a wide variety of scenarios while being useful to non-security experts. To support this flexibility, Android's security model must strike a difficult balance between security, privacy, and usability for end users; provide assurances for app developers; and maintain system performance under tight hardware constraints. This paper aims to both document the assumed threat model and discuss its implications, with a focus on the ecosystem context in which Android exists. We analyze how different security measures in past and current Android implementations work together to mitigate these threats, and, where there are special cases in applying the security model in practice; we discuss these deliberate deviations and examine their impact.
Astrocytes in development and in the injured CNS
Creators: name: McGraw, John
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: After a traumatic injury to the brain or spinal cord, the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has a limited ability to repair itself. The reasons why CNS neurons are unable to grow and make functional connections after injury are beginning to be elucidated. There is evidence to suggest that both the intrinsic response of the neuron to injury and the environment the surrounding injured neuron contribute to the absence of anatomical and functional recovery after axotomy. In the developing chick embryo, the onset of myelination by oligodendrocytes is associated with a transition from a growth V permissive to a growth restrictive extraneuronal environment. This thesis examined the development of astrocytes, another glial cell, in chick development. Astrocytes begin to show a differentiated phenotype at embryonic day 12, which is just prior to the onset of myelination. In the adult, reactive astrocytes are a prominent feature of the glial scar that forms after injury. Although it has never been proven, the astroglial scar is less permissive to axonal growth than the surrounding CNS environment. It was the aim of my research to investigate different methods of reducing or removing the astroglial scar after a spinal cord injury in the adult rat. These approaches included 1) targeted antibody and complement-mediated lysis of astrocytes, 2) the reduction of transforming growth factor beta and 3) the ablation of astrocytes using 1-alpha aminoadipate (L-AAA). Of all these treatments, L-AAA was found to be the most successful at removing astrocytes from the site of injury over a one-week period. In the future, L-AAA may be useful in the investigation of the role astrocyte have in CNS development and regeneration after injury.
Hidden energy flows in strongly coupled nonequilibrium systems
Creators: name: Large, Steven J
name: Sivak, David A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantifying the flow of energy within and through fluctuating nanoscale systems poses a significant challenge to understanding microscopic biological machines. A common approach involves coarse-graining, which allows a simplified description of such systems. This has the side effect of inducing so-called hidden contributions (due to sub-resolution dynamics) that complicate the resulting thermodynamics. Here we develop a thermodynamically consistent theory describing the nonequilibrium excess power internal to autonomous systems, and introduce a phenomenological framework to quantify the hidden excess power associated with their operation. We confirm our theoretical predictions in numerical simulations of a minimal model for both a molecular transport motor and a rotary motor.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Controlling Entanglement Generation in External Quantum Fields
Creators: name: Benatti, F.
name: Floreanini, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two, non-interacting two-level atoms immersed in a common bath can become mutually entangled when evolving with a Markovian, completely positive dynamics. For an environment made of external quantum fields, this phenomenon can be studied in detail: one finds that entanglement production can be controlled by varying the bath temperature and the distance between the atoms. Remarkably, in certain circumstances, the quantum correlations can persist in the asymptotic long-time regime.
description: 12 pages, to appear in J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt
AN APPLICATION OF PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION FOR COMMUNICATING REPORTING INSTRUCTIONS TO COOPERATORS OF A FARM ACCOUNTING SYSTEM
Creators: name: Pridgeon, Michael D.
name: Pridgeon, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: The aims of this project include the study and use of programmed instruction as a means of explaining to Telfarm cooperators the functions of the Telfarm system with emphasis on the proper methods of recording input data. Unfortunately, time will not allow me to study the effects of programmed instruction on Telfarm cooperators in order to have a better estimate of its usefulness in this type of situation. But, I will present the need for a change in the present method of instruction and will exhibit the potential available through use of programmed instruction.
Riemann-Hilbert Theory without local Parametrix Problems: Applications to Orthogonal Polynomials
Creators: name: Piorkowski, Mateusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 42C05, 60B20 Secondary 35Q15, 45E05

description: We study whether in the setting of the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method one can avoid solving local parametrix problems explicitly, while still obtaining asymptotic results. We show that this can be done, provided an a priori estimate for the exact solution of the Riemann-Hilbert problem is known. This enables us to derive asymptotic results for orthogonal polynomials on $[-1,1]$ with a new class of weight functions. In these cases, the weight functions are too badly behaved to allow a reformulation of a local parametrix problem to a global one with constant jump matrices. Possible implications for edge universality in random matrix theory are also discussed.
Magnetic order and magneto-transport in half-metallic ferrimagnetic Mn$_y$Ru$_x$Ga thin films
Creators: name: Siewierska, K. E.
name: Atcheson, G.
name: Jha, A.
name: Esien, K.
name: Smith, R.
name: Lenne, S.
name: Teichert, N.
name: O'Brien, J.
name: Coey, J. M. D.
name: Stamenov, P.
name: Rode, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ruthenium content of half-metallic Mn$_2$Ru$_x$Ga thin films, with a biaxially-strained inverse Heusler structure, controls the ferrimagnetism that determines their magnetic and electronic properties. An extensive study of Mn$_y$Ru$_x$Ga films on MgO (100) substrates with $1.8 \leq y \leq 2.6$ and $x = 0.5$, 0.7 or 0.9, including crystallographic, magnetic order, magneto-transport and spin polarisation is undertaken to map specific composition-dependent properties in this versatile ternary system. A comparison of experimental densities obtained from X-ray reflectivity with calculated densities indicates full site occupancy for all compositions, which implies chemical disorder. All moments lie on the Slater-Pauling plot with slope 1 and all except $x = 0.5$, $y = 2.2$ exhibit magnetic compensation at \tcmp~below 500~K. The coercivity near \tcmp~exceeds 10~T. Increasing the Mn or Ru content raises \tcmp, but increasing Ru also decreases the spin polarisation determined by point contact Andreev reflection. Molecular field theory is used to model the temperature dependence of the net ferrimagnetic moment and three principal exchange coefficients are deduced. Marked differences in the shape of anomalous Hall and net magnetisation hysteresis loops are explained by substantial canting of the small net moment by up to \SI{40}{\degree} relative to the $c$-axis in zero field, which is a result of slight non-collinearity of the Mn$^{4c}$ sublattice moments due to competing intra-sublattice exchange interactions arising from antisite disorder and excess Mn in the unit cell. Consequences are reduced spin polarisation and an enhanced intrinsic contribution to the anomalous Hall effect. The systematic investigation of the physical properties as a function of $x$ and $y$ will guide the selection of compositions to meet the requirements for magnonic and spintronic MRG-based devices.
Young Massive Clusters
Creators: name: Figer, Donald F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past ten years, there has been a revolution in our understanding of massive young stellar clusters in the Galaxy. Initially, there were no known examples having masses $>10^4$, yet we now know that there are at least a half dozen such clusters in the Galaxy. In all but one case, the masses have been determined through infrared observations. Several had been identified as clusters long ago, but their massive natures were only recently determined. Presumably, we are just scratching the surface, and we might look forward to having statistically significant samples of coeval massive stars at all important stages of stellar evolution in the near future. I review the efforts that have led to this dramatic turn of events and the growing sample of young massive clusters in the Galaxy.
description: Conference proceedings, Massive Stars as Cosmic Engines, IAU Symp 250, ed. F. Bresolin, P. A. Crowther, & J. Puls (Cambridge Univ. Press) with corrected typo
On the Nuisance of Control Variables in Regression Analysis
Creators: name: Hünermund, Paul
name: Louw, Beyers
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Control variables are included in regression analyses to estimate the causal effect of a treatment on an outcome. In this paper, we argue that the estimated effect sizes of controls are unlikely to have a causal interpretation themselves, though. This is because even valid controls are possibly endogenous and represent a combination of several different causal mechanisms operating jointly on the outcome, which is hard to interpret theoretically. Therefore, we recommend refraining from interpreting marginal effects of controls and focusing on the main variables of interest, for which a plausible identification argument can be established. To prevent erroneous managerial or policy implications, coefficients of control variables should be clearly marked as not having a causal interpretation or omitted from regression tables altogether. Moreover, we advise against using control variable estimates for subsequent theory building and meta-analyses.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables. Organizational Research Methods (2023)
Community Supported Agriculture in the Urban Fringe: Empirical Evidence for Project Feasibility in the Metropolitan Area of Naples (Italy)
Creators: name: Cicia, Gianni
name: Colantuoni, Francesca
name: Teresa, Del Giudice
name: Pascucci, Stefano
Publisher: name: CentMA
Year: 2011
Subjects: Community Supported Agriculture; peri-urban agriculture; Regional Park of Campi Flegrei; Cluster Analysis

description: Urbanisation of city-side areas effects on farm land use and organisation are analysed in this study with the objective of seeking the most effective way to implement a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) scheme. Specifically, we used a theoretical framework to describe and assess the relationships between urbanization and farm-styles in the city belt. Our analysis is based on a case study in the protected area of the Campi Flegrei Regional Park situated in the north-western part of the Neapolitan metropolitan area, which is a peri-urban rural area with severe environmental management problems. Our results from the empirical analysis allowed us to distinguish the farms of the area into three behavioural-social groups on the basis of specific features, in order to identify the best suited type of farm for the strategic implementation of the CSA. A market scenario was predicted for each of them without any intervention
description: International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 2, No 3 (2011): Special issue on sustainability in the food sector
Quantum error-correcting codes and their geometries
Creators: name: Ball, Simeon
name: Centelles, Aina
name: Huber, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94B, 81P, 51E

description: This is an expository article aiming to introduce the reader to the underlying mathematics and geometry of quantum error correction. Information stored on quantum particles is subject to noise and interference from the environment. Quantum error-correcting codes allow the negation of these effects in order to successfully restore the original quantum information. We briefly describe the necessary quantum mechanical background to be able to understand how quantum error-correction works. We go on to construct quantum codes: firstly qubit stabilizer codes, then qubit non-stabilizer codes, and finally codes with a higher local dimension. We will delve into the geometry of these codes. This allows one to deduce the parameters of the code efficiently, deduce the inequivalence between codes that have the same parameters, and presents a useful tool in deducing the feasibility of certain parameters. We also include sections on quantum maximum distance separable codes and the quantum MacWilliams identities.