cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Küstenstädte - das Beispiel New York
Creators: name: Kasang, Dieter
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: coastal cities, New York, risk of extreme weather, Hurricane Sandy, threat of flooding, high sea level rise, heat waves

description: Wie zahlreiche andere Küstenstädte ist New York einem starken Risiko durch Extremereignisse ausgesetzt, die sich durch den Klimawandel erhöht haben. Dazu gehören vor allem Sturmfluten, wie sie das moderne New York durch den Hurrikan Sandy 2012 erlebt hat, der die Gefährdung der Stadt zu einem politischen Thema auch für die Zukunft gemacht hat. Die Hochwassergefahr vom Meer her wird in New York auch durch einen - im globalen Vergleich ungewöhnlich starken - Meeresspiegelanstieg forciert. Zusätzlich leidet die Stadt durch die dichte Bebauung unter Hitzewellen, deren Häufigkeit und Intensität infolge der globalen Erwär- mung in den nächsten Jahrzehnten zunehmen werden. Angesichts dieser Lage hat die Verwaltung der Stadt ein umfangreiches Forschungs- und Planungsprogramm aufgelegt, das die Folgen des Klimawandels für die Bevölkerung feststellen und Anpassungsmaßnahmen entwickeln soll. The Coastal Cities - The example New York: Like many other coastal cities, New York is exposed to a high risk of extreme weather, which has increased as a result of climate change. This includes in particular storm surges, as the modern-day New York has experienced during Hurricane Sandy in 2012, which has made the endangerment of the city a political issue for the future as well. The threat of flooding from the sea in New York is further promoted by an unusually high sea level rise in global comparison. In addition, as a result of the high building density the city suffers from heat waves, whose frequency and intensity will increase as a result of global warming in the coming decades. In view of this situation, the administration of the city of New York has launched a comprehensive research and planning program to determine the impact of climate change on the population and to develop adaptation measures.
Scintillation light produced by low-energy beams of highly-charged ions
Creators: name: Vogel, M.
name: Winters, D. F. A.
name: Ernst, H.
name: Zimmermann, H.
name: Kester, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements have been performed of scintillation light intensities emitted from various inorganic scintillators irradiated with low-energy beams of highly-charged ions from an electron beam ion source (EBIS) and an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS). Beams of xenon ions Xe$^{q+}$ with various charge states between $q$=2 and $q$=18 have been used at energies between 5 keV and 17.5 keV per charge generated by the ECRIS. The intensity of the beam was typically varied between 1 and 100 nA. Beams of highly charged residual gas ions have been produced by the EBIS at 4.5 keV per charge and with low intensities down to 100 pA. The scintillator materials used are flat screens of P46 YAG and P43 phosphor. In all cases, scintillation light emitted from the screen surface was detected by a CCD camera. The scintillation light intensity has been found to depend linearly on the kinetic ion energy per time deposited into the scintillator, while up to $q$=18 no significant contribution from the ions' potential energy was found. We discuss the results on the background of a possible use as beam diagnostics e.g. for the new HITRAP facility at GSI, Germany.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0234r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0234r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0234r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Strategien zur Integration von FDM im Studium – Basiskurs "Forschungsdatenmanagement" an der TH Köln
Creators: name: Fritsch, Katharina
name: Blümm, Mirjam
name: Bock, Sina
name: Arning, Ursula
name: Förstner, Konrad U.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Posterpräsentation auf der Research Data Alliance (RDA) Konferenz Deutschland vom 20. bis 21. Februar 2024.
Opening a new window on MR-based Electrical Properties Tomography with deep learning
Creators: name: Mandija, Stefano
name: Meliadò, Ettore F.
name: Huttinga, Niek R. F.
name: Luijten, Peter R.
name: Berg, Cornelis A. T. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Electrical properties (EPs) of tissues, conductivity and permittivity, are modulated by the ionic and water content, which change in presence of pathologies. Information on tissues EPs can be used e.g. as an endogenous biomarker in oncology. MR-Electrical Properties Tomography (MR-EPT) aims to reconstruct tissue EPs by solving an electromagnetic inverse problem relating MR measurements of the transmit radiofrequency RF field to the EPs. However, MR-EPT reconstructions highly suffer from noise in the RF field maps, which limits the clinical applicability. Instead of employing electromagnetic models posing strict requirements on the measured quantities, we propose a data driven approach where the inverse transformation is learned by means of a neural network. Supervised training of a conditional generative adversarial neural network was performed using simulated realistic RF field maps and realistic human head dielectric models. Deep learning EPT (DL-EPT) reconstructions are presented for in-silica MR data and MR measurements at 3 Tesla on phantoms and human brains. DL-EPT shows high quality EP maps, demonstrating good accuracy and greatly improved precision compared to conventional MR-EPT. Moreover, DL-EPT allows permittivity reconstructions at 3 Tesla, which is not possible with state-of-art MR-EPT techniques. The supervised learning-based approach leverages the strength of tailored electromagnetic simulations, allowing inclusion of a priori information (e.g. coil setup) and circumvention of inaccessible MR electromagnetic quantities. Since DL-EPT is highly noise-robust, the requirements for MRI data acquisitions can be relaxed, allowing faster acquisitions and higher resolutions. We believe that DL-EPT greatly improves the quality and applicability of EPT opening a new window for an endogenous biomarker in MRI diagnostics that reflects differences in ionic tissue content.
Quantum Interference Effects in InAs Semiconductor Nanowires
Creators: name: Doh, Yong-Joo
name: Roest, Aarnoud L.
name: Bakkers, Erik P. A. M.
name: De Franceschi, Silvano
name: Kouwenhoven, Leo P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report quantum interference effects in InAs semiconductor nanowires strongly coupled to superconducting electrodes. In the normal state, universal conductance fluctuations are investigated as a function of magnetic field, temperature, bias and gate voltage. The results are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions for weakly disordered one-dimensional conductors. In the superconducting state, the fluctuation amplitude is enhanced by a factor up to ~ 1.6, which is attributed to a doubling of charge transport via Andreev reflection. At a temperature of 4.2 K, well above the Thouless temperature, conductance fluctuations are almost entirely suppressed, and the nanowire conductance exhibits anomalous quantization in steps of e^{2}/h.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Stadtklimauntersuchungen in ausgewählten deutschen Städten
Creators: name: Fuchs, Petra
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: urban areas Germany, vulnerable to weather extreme, adapt to climate change, strategies climate protection, early adaptation, urban climate projects

description: Auch die urbanen Räume in Deutschland sind besonders anfällig gegenüber wetterbedingten Extremereignissen. Viele deutsche Städte stehen bereits heute vor großen Herausforderungen, wenn es darum geht, einerseits die Folgen des Klimawandels zu bewältigen und sich an den Klimawandel anzupassen und andererseits die hohe Nachfrage nach Wohnraum und urbaner Infrastruktur zu befriedigen. Sie sind daher gefordert, integrierte vorausschauende Strategien zum Klimaschutz und zu einer frühzeitigen Anpassung an den Klimawandel zu entwickeln. Der Deutsche Wetterdienst (DWD) unterstützt und berät Städte und Gemeinden zu Fragen des Klimawandels und deren Folgen für Mensch und Gesellschaft. Ziel der Stadtklimaforschung des DWD ist es, bei den Städten und Kommunen entscheidungsrelevantes Wissen zum Klimawandel und zur Klimaanpassung aufzubauen. Dafür wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit ausgewählten Kommunen Stadtklimaprojekte zu unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen durchgeführt. Anhand der Beispiele Stuttgart, Mainz und Wiesbaden werden die Ergebnisse von Stadtklimauntersuchungen zum Thema Hitzebelastung in diesem Kapitel vorgestellt. Urban climate studies in selected German cities: The urban areas in Germany are also particularly vulnerable to weather-related extreme events. Many German cities are already facing major challenges to cope the consequences of climate change and adapt to climate change, while at the same time to satisfy the high demand for housing and urban infrastructure. They are therefore called upon to develop integrated forward-looking strategies for climate protection and early adaptation to climate change. The German Weather Service (DWD) supports and advises cities and municipalities on issues of climate change and their consequences for people and society. The aim of urban climate research at the DWD is to build decision-relevant knowledge on climate change and climate adaptation in cities and municipalities. In cooperation with selected municipalities, urban climate projects on various issues were carried out. Based on the examples of Stuttgart, Mainz and Wiesbaden, the results of urban climate investigations on the subject of heat stress are presented in this chapter
Quantifying Age and Model Uncertainties in Paleoclimate Data and Dynamical Climate Models with a Joint Inferential Analysis
Creators: name: Carson, Jake
name: Crucifix, Michel
name: Preston, Simon P.
name: Wilkinson, Richard D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A major goal in paleoclimate science is to reconstruct historical climates using proxies for climate variables such as those observed in sediment cores, and in the process learn about climate dynamics. This is hampered by uncertainties in how sediment core depths relate to ages, how proxy quantities relate to climate variables, how climate models are specified, and the values of parameters in climate models. Quantifying these uncertainties is key in drawing well founded conclusions. Analyses are often performed in separate stages with, for example, a sediment core's depth-age relation being estimated as stage one, then fed as an input to calibrate climate models as stage two. Here, we show that such "multi-stage" approaches can lead to misleading conclusions. We develop a joint inferential approach for climate reconstruction, model calibration, and age model estimation. We focus on the glacial-interglacial cycle over the past 780 kyr, analysing two sediment cores that span this range. Our age estimates are largely in agreement with previous studies, but provides the full joint specification of all uncertainties, estimation of model parameters, and the model evidence. By sampling plausible chronologies from the posterior distribution, we demonstrate that downstream scientific conclusions can differ greatly both between different sampled chronologies, and in comparison with conclusions obtained in the complete joint inferential analysis. We conclude that multi-stage analyses are insufficient when dealing with uncertainty, and that to draw sound conclusions the full joint inferential analysis must be performed.
An Architecture for Combinator Graph Reduction (TIGRE)
Creators: name: Koopman, Philip
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The results of cache-simulation experiments with an abstract machine for reducing combinator graphs are presented. The abstract machine, called TIGRE, exhibits reduction rates that, for similar kinds of combinator graphs on similar kinds of hardware, compare favorably with previously reported techniques. Furthermore, TIGRE maps easily and efficiently onto standard computer architectures, particularly those that allow a restricted form of self-modifying code. This provides some indication that the conventional "stored program" organization of computer systems is not necessarily an inappropriate one for functional programming language implementations. This is not to say, however, that present day computer systems are well equipped to reduce combinator graphs. In particular, the behavior of the cache memory has a significant effect on performance. In order to study and quantify this effect, trace-driven cache simulations of a TIGRE graph reducer running on a reduced instruction-set computer are conducted. The results of these simulations are presented with the following hardware-cache parameters varied: cache size, block size, associativity, memory update policy, and write-allocation policy. To begin with, the cache organization of a commercially available system is used and then the performance sensitivity with respect to variations of each parameter are measured. From the results of the simulation study, a conclusion is made that combinator-graph reduction using TIGRE runs most efficiently when using a cache memory with an allocate-on-write-miss strategy, moderately large block size (preferably with sub-block placement), and copy-back memory updates.
An Architectural Approach to End User Orchestrations
Creators: name: Vishal  Dwivedi
name: Velasco-Elizondo, Perla
name: Fernandes, Jose Maria
name: Garlan, David
name: Schmerl, Bradley
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computations are pervasive across many domains, where end users have to compose various heterogeneous computational entities to perform professional activities. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a widely used mechanism that can support such forms of compositions as it allows heterogeneous systems to be wrapped as services that can then be combined with each other. However, current SOA orchestration languages require writing scripts that are typically too low-level for end users to write, being targeted at professional programmers and business analysts. To address this problem, this paper proposes a composition approach based on an end user specification style called SCORE. SCORE is an architectural style that uses high-level constructs that can be tailored for different domains and automatically translated into executable constructs by tool support. We demonstrate the use of SCORE in two domains - dynamic network analysis and neuroscience, where users are intelligence analysts and neuroscientists respectively, who use the architectural style based vocabulary in SCORE as a basis of their domain-specific compositions that can be formally analyzed.
Experimentally feasible quantum erasure-correcting code for continuous variables
Creators: name: Niset, J.
name: Andersen, U. L.
name: Cerf, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise a scheme that protects quantum coherent states of light from probabilistic losses, thus achieving the first continuous-variable quantum erasure-correcting code. If the occurrence of erasures can be probed, then the decoder enables, in principle, a perfect recovery of the original light states. Otherwise, if supplemented with postselection based on homodyne detection, this code can be turned into an efficient erasure-filtration scheme. The experimental feasibility of the proposed protocol is carefully addressed.
Einsatz von Satelliten zur Analyse des Stadtklimas
Creators: name: Bechtel, Benjamin
name: Benz, Susanne
name: Wicki, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: Urban climate, satellite based Earth Observation, thermal infrared (TIR) sensors, multispectral satellite images

description: Die Entwicklung der satellitenbasierten Fernerkundung hat zu unserem Verständnis des Stadtklimas beigetragen und die Möglichkeiten zur flächendeckenden Erfassung revolutioniert. Dabei werden insbesondere zwei Arten von Satellitendaten verwendet. Zum einen können Oberflächentemperaturen und somit die städtische Oberflächenwärmeinsel mit thermaler Fernerkundung direkt vermessen werden. Zum anderen werden multispektrale Satellitenbilder und aktive LIDAR-Daten zur Charakterisierung der Stadtstruktur in verschiedenen Skalen genutzt. Diese Daten bieten relevante Informationen zur Modellierung des Stadtklimas. Using Satellites to Analyse the Urban Climate. The development of satellite based Earth Observation contributed to our understanding of urban climate and revolutionized the possibilities of large scale monitoring. Particularly two types of satellite data are used. Firstly, thermal infrared (TIR) sensors allow the direct ob­servation of surface temperatures and therefore surface urban heat islands. Secondly, multispectral satellite images and active LIDAR sensors are used to observe the characteristics of urban surfaces at different scales. These data provide crucial information for urban climate models
P-symbols, Heun Identities, and 3F2 Identities
Creators: name: Maier, Robert S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33E30 (Primary) 33C05, 33C20, 34M35 (Secondary)

description: The usefulness of Riemann P-symbols in deriving identities involving the parametrized special function Hl is explored. Hl is the analytic local solution of the Heun equation, the canonical second-order differential equation on the Riemann sphere with four regular singular points. The identities discussed include ones coming from Moebius automorphisms and F-homotopies, and also quadratic and biquadratic transformations. The case when Hl is identical to a generalized hypergeometric function of 3F2 type is examined, and Pfaff and Euler transformations of 3F2(a1,a2,e+1;b1,e;x) are derived. They extend several 3F2 identities of Bailey and Slater.
description: 20 pages
title: ADCO, Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0950
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0950, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Neuvième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661 - 1684), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 32 (G 136), 745 folios, f. 0950, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Is 4C+29.48 a gamma-ray source?
Creators: name: Gabányi, K. É.
name: Frey, S.
name: An, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi Large Area Telescope revealed that the extragalactic gamma-ray sky is dominated by blazars, active galactic nuclei (AGN) whose jet is seen at very small angle to the line of sight. To associate and then classify the gamma-ray sources, data have been collected from lower frequency surveys and observations. The gamma-ray source 3FGL J1323.0+2942 is associated with the radio source 4C+29.48 and classified as a blazar of unknown type, lacking optical spectrum and redshift. The higher-resolution radio data showed that 4C+29.48 comprises three bright radio-emitting features located within a ~1'-diameter area. We (re-)analyzed archival Very Large Array and unpublished very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations conducted by the Very Long Baseline Array and the European VLBI Network of 4C+29.48. We also collected data form optical, infrared and X-ray surveys. The northernmost complex of 4C+29.48 contains a blazar with a high brightness temperature compact core and a steep-spectrum jet feature. The blazar is positionally coincident with an optical source at a redshift of 1.142. Its mid-infrared colors also support its association with a gamma-ray emitting blazar. The two other radio complexes have steep radio spectra and do not have optical or infrared counterparts in currently available surveys. Based on the radio morphology, they are unlikely to be related to the blazar. We discuss the possibilities whether the two radio features are lobes of a radio galaxy, or gravitationally lensed images of a background source. We propose to associate 3FGL J1323.0+2942 in subsequent versions of the Fermi catalog with the blazar residing in northernmost complex. We suggest naming this source J1323+2941A to avoid misinterpretation arising from the fact that the coordinates of the currently listed radio counterpart 4C+29.48 is closer to a most probably unrelated radio source. (abridged)
description: 10 pages, 3 tables, 12 figures; accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Methoden zur Bestimmung stadtklimatischer Parameter und deren Belastbarkeit
Creators: name: Schlünzen, K. Heinke
name: Harms, Frank
name: Wiesner, Sarah
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: determining climate parameters, measurement methods, wind, temperature, humidity, precipitation, air pollution , in-situ, mobile, remote sensing,

description: Die für die Bestimmung stadtklimatischer Parameter wie Wind, Temperatur, Feuchte, Niederschlag und Luftbelastung geeigneten Messmethoden (in-situ, mobil, fernerkundet) und Modelltypen (statistisch, physikalisch, numerisch) werden in diesem Kapitel mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen kurz vorgestellt. Ihre Eignung für die Bestimmung stadtklimatischer Parameter in Szenarien der Stadtentwicklung und des Klimawandels wird erläutert. Methods for determining urban parameters and their suitability: Measurement methods (in-situ, mobile, remote sensing) and types of models (statistical, physical, numerical) suitable for determining urban climate parameters such as wind, temperature, humidity, precipitation and air pollution concentration are briefly presented in this chapter, together with their advantages and disadvantages. Their suitability for determining urban climate parameters in scenarios of urban development and of climate change is explained
Anforderungen an eine nachhaltige Stadt
Creators: name: von Lojewski, Hilmar
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: sustainable cities, global greenhouse gas, sustainable cities, challenges for climate-friendly, urban development, Smart and sustainable cities, adaptation, mitigation

description: Städte sind mit mehr als 70% der weltweiten Treibhausgasemissionen Treiber des Klimawandels; gleichzeitig aber entwickeln sie Lösungen für eine Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen und für eine Anpassung an den Klimawandel und setzen sie auch im Rahmen ihrer Möglichkeiten um. Diese werden gemeinhin unter dem Titel der nachhaltigen und integrierten Stadtentwicklung, zunehmend aber auch unter dem Slogan »Smart and sustainable cities« propagiert. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob die hierunter subsumierten Strategien für eine Reduktion der Treibhausgase bis 2050 auf Null tragen oder ob es einer Alternative dazu bedarf. Diese liegt womöglich in einer breit ausgerollten sektorübergreifenden Suffizienzstrategie und der Gleichzeitigkeit von Anreizen und Regulativen, um Produktions-, Konsum- und Mobilitätsmuster schnell zu verändern. Allerdings wird jede Form der Anpassung und der Vermeidung des Klimawandels in den Städten nicht umhin kommen, sich an den Indikatoren der Nachhaltigkeitsziele messen zu lassen. Die eigentliche Herausforderung für eine klimagerechte Stadtentwicklung liegt darin, räumliche und zeitliche Dimensionen so miteinander in Einklang zu bringen, dass mit den eingesetzten Ressourcen in kürzest möglicher Zeit an den richtigen Standorten die verfolgten Wirkungen eintreten. Diese müssen gleichermaßen in der Mitigation liegen, also der unverzüglichen Verringerung des Ausstoßes von Treibhausgasen und in der Adaption, also der Anpassung an das unvermeidliche Ausmaß des Klimawandels. Requirements for sustainable cities: Cities are driving climate change with more than 70% of global greenhouse gas emissions, while developing and implementing solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change.These are commonly propagated under the title of sustainable and integrated urban development, but increasingly under the slogan »Smart and sustainable cities«. The question arises whether the strategies subsumed under this heading lead realistically to a reduction of greenhouse gases to zero by 2050 or whether a strategic alternative is needed. This might rather lay in the context of a cross-sectoral sufficiency strategy and the simultaneity of incentives and regulatives to rapidly change consumption and mobility patterns. However, any form of adaptation and avoidance of climate change in cities needs to be measured against the indicators of the sustainable development goals. The actual challenges for climate-friendly urban development are to reconcile spatial and temporal dimensions in such a way that the resources lead to the effects pursued at the right locations. These must be equally focussing at mitigation, i.e. the immediate reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and at adaptation, i.e. the adaptation to the inevitable extent of climate change.
Cryomagma ascent on Europa
Creators: name: Lesage, Elodie
name: Massol, Hélène
name: Schmidt, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Europa's surface exhibits morphological features which, associated with a low crater density, might be interpreted to have formed as a result of recent cryovolcanic activity. In particular, the morphology of smooth deposits covering parts of the surface, and their relationship to the surrounding terrains, suggest that they result from liquid extrusions. Furthermore, recent literature suggests that the emplacement of liquid-related features, such as double ridges, lenticulae and chaos could result from the presence of liquid reservoirs beneath the surface. We model the ascent of liquid water through a fracture or a pipe-like conduit from a subsurface reservoir to Europa\textquoteright s surface and calculate the eruption time-scale and the total volume extruded during the eruption, as a function of the reservoir volume and depth. We also estimate the freezing time of a subsurface reservoir necessary to trigger an eruption. Our model is derived for pure liquid water and for a briny mixture outlined by Kargel (1991): 81 wt% H$_{2}$O + 16 wt% MgSO$_{4}$ + 3 wt% Na$_{2}$SO$_{4}$. Considering compositional data for salt impurities for Europa, we discuss the effect of MgSO$_{4}$ and Na$_{2}$SO$_{4}$ on the cryomagma freezing time-scale and ascent. For plausible reservoir volumes and depths in the range of $\mathrm{10^{6}\:m^{3}\leq V\leq10^{10}\:m^{3}}$ and $\mathrm{1\:km\leq H\leq10\:km}$ respectively, the total extruded cryolava volume ranges from $10^{3}\,\mathrm{m^{3}}$ to $10^{8}\,\mathrm{m^{3}}$ and the duration of the eruptions varies from few minutes to few tens of hours. The freezing time-scale of the cryomagma reservoirs varies with cryomagma composition and the temperature gradient in the ice shell: from a few days to a thousand years for pure water cryomagma, and from a few months to a 10$^{4}$ years for briny cryomagma.
description: 31 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1: of Cellulose synthase-like D1 controls organ size in maize
Creators: name: Li, Weiya
name: Yang, Zhixing
name: Yao, Jieyuan
name: Li, Jiansheng
name: Song, Weibin
name: Yang, Xiaohong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. Summary statistics of 11 agronomic traits in parental, F2 and F2:3 populations. (DOCX 15 kb)
An Approach to Preserving Sufficient Correctness in Open Resource Coalitions
Creators: name: Raz, Orna
name: Shaw, Mary
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most software that most people use most of the time needs only moderate assurance of fitness for its intended purpose. Unlike high-assurance software, where the consequences of failure justify substantial investment in validation, everyday software is used in settings where deviations from normal behavior, including occasional degraded service or even failure, is tolerable. Unlike high-assurance software, which has been the subject of extensive scrutiny, everyday software has only meager support for determining how good it must be, for establishing whether a system is sufficiently correct, or for detecting and remedying abnormalities. The need for such techniques is particularly strong for software that takes the form of open resource coalitions -- loosely-coupled aggregations of independent distributed resources. In this paper we discuss the problem of determining fitness for purpose, introduce a model for detecting abnormal behavior, and describe some of the ways of dealing with abnormalities when they are detected.
Orbital eccentricities of binary systems with a former AGB star
Creators: name: Marinovic, A. A. Bonacic
name: Glebbeek, E.
name: Pols, O. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many binary stellar systems in which the primary star is beyond the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) evolutionary phase show significant orbital eccentricities whereas current binary interaction models predict their orbits to be circularised. We analyse how the orbital parameters in a system are modified under mass loss and mass exchange among its binary components and propose a model for enhanced mass-loss from the AGB star due to tidal interaction with its companion, which allows a smooth transition between the wind and Roche-lobe overflow mass-loss regimes. We explicitly follow its effect along the orbit on the change of eccentricity and orbital semi-major axis, as well as the effect of accretion by the companion. We calculate timescales for the variation of these orbital parameters and compare them to the tidal circularisation timescale. We find that in many cases, due to the enhanced mass loss of the AGB component at orbital phases closer to the periastron, the net eccentricity growth rate in one orbit is comparable to the rate of tidal circularisation. We show that with this eccentricity enhancing mechanism it is possible to reproduce the orbital period and eccentricity of the Sirius system, which under the standard assumptions of binary interaction is expected to be circularised. We also show that this mechanism may provide an explanation for the eccentricities of most barium star systems, which are expected to be circularised due to tidal dissipation. By proposing a tidally enhanced model of mass loss from AGB stars we find a mechanism which efficiently works against the tidal circularisation of the orbit, which explains the significant eccentricities observed in binary systems containing a white dwarf and a less evolved companion, such as Sirius and systems with barium stars.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics on 24th of October of 2007
Observational constraints on the tilted flat-XCDM and the untilted nonflat XCDM dynamical dark energy inflation parameterizations
Creators: name: Park, Chan-Gyung
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constrain tilted spatially-flat and untilted nonflat XCDM dynamical dark energy inflation parameterizations using Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and recent baryonic acoustic oscillations distance measurements, Type Ia supernovae data, Hubble parameter observations, and growth rate measurements. Inclusion of the four non-CMB data sets results in a significant strengthening of the evidence for nonflatness in the nonflat XCDM model from 1.1$σ$ for the CMB data alone to 3.4$σ$ for the full data combination. In this untilted nonflat XCDM case the data favor a spatially-closed model in which spatial curvature contributes a little less than a percent of the current cosmological energy budget; they also mildly favor dynamical dark energy over a cosmological constant at 1.2$σ$. These data are also better fit by the flat-XCDM parameterization than by the standard $Λ$CDM model, but only at 0.3$σ$ significance. Current data is unable to rule out dark energy dynamics. The nonflat XCDM parameterization is compatible with the Dark Energy Survey limits on the present value of the rms mass fluctuations amplitude ($σ_8$) as a function of the present value of the nonrelativistic matter density parameter ($Ω_m$), however it does not provide as good a fit to the higher multipole CMB temperature anisotropy data as does the standard tilted flat-$Λ$CDM model. A number of measured cosmological parameter values differ significantly when determined using the tilted flat-XCDM and the nonflat XCDM parameterizations, including the baryonic matter density parameter and the reionization optical depth.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science
Charges on Strange Quark Nuggets in Space
Creators: name: Abers, E. S.
name: Bhatia, A. K.
name: Dicus, D. A.
name: Repko, W. W.
name: Rosenbaum, D. C.
name: Teplitz, V. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since Witten's seminal 1984 paper on the subject, searches for evidence of strange quark nuggets (SQNs) have proven unsuccessful. In the absence of experimental evidence ruling out SQNs, the validity of theories introducing mechanisms that increase their stability should continue to be tested. To stimulate electromagnetic SQN searches, particularly space searches, we estimate the net charge that would develop on an SQN in space exposed to various radiation baths (and showers) capable of liberating their less strongly bound electrons, taking into account recombination with ambient electrons. We consider, in particular, the cosmic background radiation, radiation from the sun, and diffuse galactic and extragalactic $γ$-ray backgrounds. A possible dramatic signal of SQNs in explosive astrophysical events is noted.
description: CitationS added, new subsection added, more discussion, same numerical results
Motivated for Change: Exploring the Factors that Shape the Aspirations of Latinx Youth in Chicago
Creators: name: Sevilla, Juan Ramón
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Current research on youth and young adults increasingly suggests that aspirations, one’s hopes and dreams for the future, are complex, multidimensional constructs. This complexity becomes especially evident in the case of Latinx young adults, who may grapple with conflicting goals when considering their educational and career aspirations. However, few studies have explored Latinx young adults’ aspirations using a multidimensional ecological approach. This study utilizes data from in-depth interviews focused on post-high school plans and conducted with 16 Latinx young adults (Female n=11, Male n=5, Age: M=18, SD=1.5) in 2018. Through an inductive approach to thematic analysis, five overarching themes across family, school, and neighborhood contexts emerged: (1) Different family members carried out multiple roles, including providing instrumental support, serving as sources of motivation, and guiding aspirations; (2) educators imparted guidance and mentorship; (3) college preparatory and afterschool programs offered avenues for exploration; and (4) students navigated societal and peer expectations while pursuing their goals. 5) Neighborhoods fostered a sense of community and fueled aspirations for change. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of understanding structural factors that may hinder youth from achieving their aspirations and acknowledging their agency in creating meaningful lives. This understanding will enable educators and policymakers to better support youth as they transition into adulthood and pursue their hopes and dreams for the future.
Fast Fiber Orientation Estimation in Diffusion MRI from kq-Space Sampling and Anatomical Priors
Creators: name: Pesce, Marica
name: Repetti, Audrey
name: Auría, Anna
name: Daducci, Alessandro
name: Thiran, Jean-Philippe
name: Wiaux, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High spatio-angular resolution diffusion MRI (dMRI) has been shown to provide accurate identification of complex neuronal fiber configurations, albeit, at the cost of long acquisition times. We propose a method to recover intra-voxel fiber configurations at high spatio-angular resolution relying on a 3D kq-space under-sampling scheme to enable accelerated acquisitions. Simulations and real data analysis suggest that accurate FOD mapping can be achieved from severe kq-space under-sampling regimes potentially enabling high spatio-angular resolution dMRI in the clinical setting.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
Loschmidt cooling by time reversal of atomic matter waves
Creators: name: Martin, J.
name: Georgeot, B.
name: Shepelyansky, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experimental scheme which allows to realize approximate time reversal of matter waves for ultracold atoms in the regime of quantum chaos. We show that a significant fraction of the atoms return back to their original state, being at the same time cooled down by several orders of magnitude. We give a theoretical description of this effect supported by extensive numerical simulations. The proposed scheme can be implemented with existing experimental setups.
description: revtex 4 pages, 5 figs, research at http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/, new data and modifications added
Bedeutung der Kaltluft und Ventilation in Städten
Creators: name: Katzschner, Lutz
name: Kupski, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: Urban develop, ventilation in cities, microclimatic ventilation, mesoclimatic ventilation, urban climate

description: Über die Hälfte der Bevölkerung weltweit lebt inzwischen in Städten. Die Städte nehmen an Zahl, Größe, Höhe und Verdichtung zu. Daraus ergeben sich Wärme-Belastungen und Luftverschmutzung Dem kann die Belüf- tung entgegenwirken. Das Stadtklima ist charakterisiert durch eine Erhöhung der mittleren Lufttemperatur bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung der mittleren Windgeschwindigkeit im Vergleich zu den Flächen im städtischen Umland. Dabei hat eine wirkungsvolle Belüftung der Städte einen positiven Einfluss auf die Verdünnung und den Abtransport der Luftschadstoffe sowie die Abkühlung des Stadtgebietes. Wirksam sind sowohl regionale als auch lokale Belüftungssysteme z, die je nach Lage und Gestaltung der Stadt unterschiedlich wirken. In Stadtklimakarten werden sie als Luftleitbahnen oder Frischluftzufuhrräume kenntlich gemacht. The Importance of Ventilation in Cities: More than half of the world population now lives in cities. Urban develop in size, height and density. This results in thermal and air pollution loads. Ventilation can counteract. The urban climate is characterized by an increase in the average air temperature and lower average wind speed in comparison to the surroundings. Effective ventilation of cities has a positive influence on the dilution and removal of air pollutants and the cooling of the urban area. Both mesoclimatic and microclimatic ventilation systems are effective, depending on the location and design of the city. In urban climate maps, they are identified as air paths or fresh air supply from the surroundings.
An Analytical Approach to Change for the Design of Reusable Real-Time Software
Creators: name: Hoover, Carol L.
name: Khosla, Pradeep
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present an analytical method for incorporating knowledge about change into the design of reusable real-time software components. We apply this method to the construction of algorithmic software solutions that minimize the effect of anticipated changes in the solution. The motivation for our research is based on two premises: (1) software solutions that can easily be adapted to changes in the problem and solution domains are more readily reused and (2) the reuse of reliable software promotes the construction of high quality software systems and reduces development costs. This paper also briefly overviews our current research goals involving analysis and design methods to enable software engineers to rapidly adapt their real-time software solutions to changing application requirements.
MPEC 2024-N48 : 2024 NQ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 NQ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Gravity darkening in late-type stars. The Coriolis effect
Creators: name: Raynaud, Raphaël
name: Rieutord, Michel
name: Petitdemange, Ludovic
name: Gastine, Thomas
name: Putigny, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent interferometric data have been used to constrain the brightness distribution at the surface of nearby stars, in particular the so-called gravity darkening that makes fast rotating stars brighter at their poles than at their equator. However, good models of gravity darkening are missing for stars that posses a convective envelope. In order to better understand how rotation affects the heat transfer in stellar convective envelopes, we focus on the heat flux distribution in latitude at the outer surface of numerical models. We carry out a systematic parameter study of three-dimensional, direct numerical simulations of anelastic convection in rotating spherical shells. Restricting our investigations to hydrodynamical models with a thermal Prandtl number fixed to unity, we consider both thick and thin (solar-like) shells, and vary the stratification over three orders of magnitude. We measure the heat transfer efficiency in terms of the Nusselt number, defined as the output luminosity normalised by the conductive state luminosity. We report diverse Nusselt number profiles in latitude, ranging from brighter (usually at the onset of convection) to darker equator and uniform profiles. We find that the variations of the surface brightness are mainly controlled by the surface value of the local Rossby number: when the Coriolis force dominates the dynamics, the heat flux is weakened in the equatorial region by the zonal wind and enhanced at the poles by convective motions inside the tangent cylinder. In the presence of a strong background density stratification however, as expected in real stars, the increase of the local Rossby number in the outer layers leads to uniformisation of the surface heat flux distribution.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Embeddings for 4D Einstein equations with a cosmological constant
Creators: name: de Leon, J. Ponce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are many ways of embedding a 4D spacetime in a given higher-dimensional manifold while, satisfying the field equations. In this work we extend and generalize a recent paper by Mashhoon and Wesson ({\it Gen. Rel. Gravit.} {\bf 39}, 1403(2007)) by showing different ways of embedding a solution of the 4D Einstein equations, in vacuum with a cosmological constant, in a Ricci-flat, as well as in an anti-de Sitter, 5D manifold. These embeddings lead to different physics in 4D. In particular, to non-equivalent cosmological terms as functions of the extra coordinate. We study the motion of test particles for different embeddings and show that there is a complete equivalence between several definitions for the effective mass of test particles measured in 4D, obtained from different theoretical approaches like the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism and the principle of least action. For the case under consideration, we find that the effective mass observed in 4D is the same regardless of whether we consider null or non-null motion in 5D.