cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Individual and partner risk factors associated with abnormal cervical cytology among women in HIV-discordant relationships
Creators: name: Bosire, Rose K
name: Smith, Jennifer S
name: Gatuguta, Ann
name: Koutsky, Laura
name: Farquhar, Carey
name: Guthrie, Brandon L
name: Lohman-Payne, Barbara
name: Soh, Jason
name: Choi, Robert Y
name: Rositch, Anne F
name: Kiarie, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Individual and sexual partner characteristics may increase risk of abnormal cervical cytology among women in HIV-discordant relationships. Papanicolaou smears were obtained in a prospective cohort of Kenyan HIV-discordant couples. Of 441 women, 283 (64%) were HIV-infected and 158 (36%) were HIV-uninfected with HIV-infected partners. Overall, 79 (18%) had low-grade and 25 (6%) high-grade cervical abnormalities. Lack of male circumcision, male HSV-2 seropositivity and lower couple socioeconomic status were associated with cervical abnormalities (p<0.05). HIV-uninfected women with HIV-infected male sex partners (CD4>350 cells/µL) had the lowest prevalence of high-grade cervical lesions. HIV-infected women (CD4>350 cells/µL) and HIV-uninfected women with HIV-infected partners (CD4≤350 cells/µL) were at similar intermediate risk (P>0.05), and HIV-infected women (CD4≤350 cells/µL) had significantly higher risk of high-grade cervical abnormalities (p=0.05). Women in HIV-discordant relationships have high rates of cervical lesions and this may be influenced by couple-level factors, including HIV status and CD4 count of the infected partner.
(400649) John Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
“Do you think your main partner has other sex partners?” A simple question provides insight into sexual risk in Jamaica
Creators: name: Byfield, Lovette L
name: Weir, Sharon S
name: Scott, Marion A
name: Figueroa, J Peter
name: Duncan, Jacqueline P
name: Edwards, Jessie E
name: Hobbs, Marcia M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: To estimate the association between a simple measure of sexual partner concurrency and sexually transmitted infection (STI) we conducted a cross-sectional population-based household survey (n=1795) and targeted surveys of people at venues where people meet sexual partners (n=1580) to ask about sexual behavior. Persons interviewed at venues were tested for HIV, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. We compared the association between STI and reporting a partner had other partners. More women than men reported their main partner had other partners. Thirteen percent of all women in the population-based survey and 14.4% in the targeted survey reported having one partner in the past 12 months and that partner had additional partners. STI prevalence was significantly associated with reporting a partner had other partners (36.8% vs 30.2%; prevalence ratio [PR]1.2; 95% CI 1.1,1.4). Construction of complete sexual networks is costly and not routinely feasible. We recommend adding a question to cross-sectional surveys used to monitor sexual behavior about whether the respondent believes his or her partner has other sexual partners. Although subject to bias, the question was useful in Jamaica to identify a group of women with only one sexual partner at increased risk of infection.
Supplementary Material from Epigenetic regulation of transcriptional plasticity associated with developmental song learning.
Creators: name: Kelly, Theresa K.
name: Somayeh Ahmadiantehrani
name: Blattler, Adam
name: London, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ethologists discovered over 100 years ago that some lifelong behavioural patterns were acquired exclusively during restricted developmental phases called critical periods (CPs). Developmental song learning in zebra finches is one of the most striking examples of a CP for complex learned behaviour. After Post-hatch day 65, whether or not a juvenile male can memorize the song of a ‘tutor' depends on his experiences in the month prior. If he experienced a tutor, he can no longer learn, but if he has been isolated from hearing a tutor the learning period is extended. We aimed to identify how tutor experience alters the brain and controls the ability to learn. Epigenetic landscapes are modulated by experience and are able to regulate the transcription of sets of genes, thereby affecting cellular function. Thus, we hypothesized that tutor experiences determine the epigenetic landscape in the auditory forebrain, a region required for tutor song memorization. Using ChIPseq, RNAseq and molecular biology, we provide evidence that naturalistic experiences associated with the ability to learn can induce epigenetic changes, and propose transcriptional plasticity as a mediator of CP learning potential.
Supplementary Material from Epigenetic regulation of transcriptional plasticity associated with developmental song learning
Creators: name: Kelly, Theresa K.
name: Somayeh Ahmadiantehrani
name: Blattler, Adam
name: London, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ethologists discovered over 100 years ago that some lifelong behavioural patterns were acquired exclusively during restricted developmental phases called critical periods (CPs). Developmental song learning in zebra finches is one of the most striking examples of a CP for complex learned behaviour. After Posthatch day 65, whether or not a juvenile male can memorize a ‘tutor's’ song depends on his experiences in the month prior. If he experienced a tutor, he can no longer learn, but if he has been isolated from hearing a tutor the learning period is extended. We aimed to identify how tutor experience alters the brain and controls the ability to learn. Epigenetic landscapes are modulated by experience and are able to regulate the transcription of sets of genes, thereby affecting cellular function. Thus, we hypothesized that tutor experiences determine the epigenetic landscape in the auditory forebrain, a region required for tutor song memorization. Using ChIPseq, RNAseq and molecular biology, we provide evidence that naturalistic experiences associated with the ability to learn can induce epigenetic changes, and propose transcriptional plasticity as a mediator of CP learning potential.
Directed Acyclic Graphs With Tears
Creators: name: Chen, Zhichao
name: Ge, Zhiqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian network is a frequently-used method for fault detection and diagnosis in industrial processes. The basis of Bayesian network is structure learning which learns a directed acyclic graph (DAG) from data. However, the search space will scale super-exponentially with the increase of process variables, which makes the data-driven structure learning a challenging problem. To this end, the DAGs with NOTEARs methods are being well studied not only for their conversion of the discrete optimization into continuous optimization problem but also their compatibility with deep learning framework. Nevertheless, there still remain challenges for NOTEAR-based methods: 1) the infeasible solution results from the gradient descent-based optimization paradigm; 2) the truncation operation to promise the learned graph acyclic. In this work, the reason for challenge 1) is analyzed theoretically, and a novel method named DAGs with Tears method is proposed based on mix-integer programming to alleviate challenge 2). In addition, prior knowledge is able to incorporate into the new proposed method, making structure learning more practical and useful in industrial processes. Finally, a numerical example and an industrial example are adopted as case studies to demonstrate the superiority of the developed method.
Mass inflation and curvature divergence near the central singularity in spherical collapse
Creators: name: Guo, Jun-Qi
name: Joshi, Pankaj S.
name: Ghersi, Jose T. Galvez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spherical scalar collapse toward a black hole formation and examine the asymptotic dynamics near the central singularity of the formed black hole. It is found that, in the vicinity of the singularity, due to the strong backreaction of a scalar field on the geometry, the mass function inflates and the Kretschmann scalar grows faster than in the Schwarzschild geometry. In collapse, the Misner-Sharp mass is a locally conserved quantity, not providing information on the black hole mass that is measured at asymptotically flat regions.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Minor change. Related paper. arXiv:1507.01806
QUALITY OF HEALTH CARE IN PRIVATE CLINICS IN ADDIS ABABA
Creators: name: SENAIT AFEWORK, MD
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000

description: Involvement of the private sector in provision of health services has progressively increased in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Promotion of the private sector involvement is also one of the health care financing strategy in Ethiopia. A cross sectional descriptive study was done on Quality of Care in private clinics in Addis Ababa in April, 2000. Different levels of clinics were randomly selected and assessments were done on structural aspects, performance of health workers in polyclinic outpatient department and patients satisfaction with the different aspects of care given.
Characterization Theorems for Generalized Functionals of Discrete-Time Normal Martingale
Creators: name: Wang, Caishi
name: Chen, Jinshu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H40, 46F25

description: In this paper, we aim at characterizing generalized functionals of discrete-time normal martingales. Let $M=(M_n)_{n\in \mathbb{N}}$ be a discrete-time normal martingale that has the chaotic representation property. We first construct testing and generalized functionals of $M$ with an appropriate orthonormal basis for $M$'s square integrable functionals. Then we introduce a transform, called the Fock transform, for these functionals and characterize them via the transform. Several characterization theorems are established. Finally we give some applications of these characterization theorems. Our results show that generalized functionals of discrete-time normal martingales can be characterized only by growth condition, which contrasts sharply with the case of some continuous-time processes (e.g., Brownian motion), where both growth condition and analyticity condition are needed to characterize generalized functionals of those continuous-time processes.
description: 11 pages
A Comprehensive Review of Prehospital and In-Hospital Delay Times in Acute Stroke Care
Creators: name: Morris, D. L.
name: Foraker, R. E.
name: Evenson, K. R.
name: Rosamond, W. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to systematically review and summarize prehospital and in-hospital stroke evaluation and treatment delay times. We identified 123 unique peer-reviewed studies published from 1981 to 2007 of prehospital and in-hospital delay time for evaluation and treatment of patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack, or stroke-like symptoms. Based on studies of 65 different population groups, the weighted Poisson regression indicated a 6.0% annual decline (p<0.001) in hours/year for prehospital delay, defined from symptom onset to emergency department (ED) arrival. For in-hospital delay, the weighted Poisson regression models indicated no meaningful changes in delay time from ED arrival to ED evaluation (3.1%, p=0.49 based on 12 population groups). There was a 10.2% annual decline in hours/year from ED arrival to neurology evaluation or notification (p=0.23 based on 16 population groups) and a 10.7% annual decline in hours/year for delay time from ED arrival to initiation of computed tomography (p=0.11 based on 23 population groups). Only one study reported on times from arrival to computed tomography scan interpretation, two studies on arrival to drug administration, and no studies on arrival to transfer to an in-patient setting, precluding generalizations. Prehospital delay continues to contribute the largest proportion of delay time. The next decade provides opportunities to establish more effective community based interventions worldwide. It will be crucial to have effective stroke surveillance systems in place to better understand and improve both prehospital and in-hospital delays for acute stroke care.
(400644) Herbert C. Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Superfluid phases of fermions with hybridized $s$ and $p$ orbitals
Creators: name: Yin, Shaoyu
name: Baarsma, J. E.
name: Heikkinen, M. O. J.
name: Martikainen, J. -P.
name: Törmä, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the superfluid phases of a two-component Fermi mixture with hybridized orbitals in optical lattices. We show that there exists a general mapping of this system to the Lieb lattice. By using simple multiband models with hopping between $s$ and $p$-orbital states, we show that superfluid order parameters can have a $π$-phase difference between lattice sites, which is distinct from the case with hopping between $s$-orbitals. If the population imbalance between the two spin species is tuned, the superfluid phase may evolve through various phases due to the interplay between hopping, interactions and imbalance. We show that the rich behavior is observable in experimentally realizable systems.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. Published version
Safety and Feasibility of NeuroFlo Use in Eight- to 24–Hour Ischemic Stroke Patients
Creators: name: Shuaib, A.
name: Sen, S.
name: Dillon, W.
name: Starkman, S.
name: Jovin, T.
name: Diener, H. C.
name: Nogueira, R.
name: Watson, T.
name: Schellinger, P. D.
name: Hammer, M. D.
name: Burgin, W. S.
name: Michel, P.
name: Schwamm, L.
name: Liebeskind, D. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Acute treatment of ischemic stroke patients presenting more than eight-hours after symptom onset remains limited and largely unproven. Partial aortic occlusion using the NeuroFlo catheter can augment cerebral perfusion in animals. We investigated the safety and feasibility of employing this novel catheter to treat ischemic stroke patients eight-hours to 24 h following symptom onset.
On the Impact of Lepton PDFs
Creators: name: Bertone, Valerio
name: Carrazza, Stefano
name: Pagani, Davide
name: Zaro, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss the effect of the complete leading-order QED corrections to the DGLAP equations in the perturbative evolution of parton distribution functions (PDFs). This requires the extension of the purely QCD DGLAP evolution, including a PDF for the photons and, consistently, also for the charged leptons $e^{\pm}$, $μ^\pm$ and $τ^\pm$. We present the implementation of the QED-corrected DGLAP evolution in the presence of photon and lepton PDFs in the APFEL program and, by means of different assumptions for the initial scale PDFs, we produce for the first time PDF sets containing charged lepton distributions. We also present phenomenological studies that aim to assess the impact of the presence of lepton PDFs in the proton for some relevant SM (and BSM) processes at the LHC at 13 TeV and the FCC-hh at 100 TeV. The impact of the photon PDF is also outlined for those processes.
description: 32 pages, 19 figures, matches published version in JHEP
Supplementary materials from Mammoth grazers on the ocean's minuteness: a review of selective feeding using mucous meshes.
Creators: name: Keats R. Conley
name: Lombard, Fabien
name: Sutherland, Kelly R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Mucous-mesh grazers (pelagic tunicates and thecosome pteropods) are common in oceanic waters and efficiently capture, consume and repackage particles many orders of magnitude smaller than themselves. They feed using an adhesive mucous mesh to capture prey particles from ambient seawater. Historically, their grazing process has been characterized as non-selective, depending only on the size of the prey particle and the pore dimensions of the mesh. The purpose of this review is to reverse this assumption by reviewing recent evidence that shows mucous-mesh feeding can be selective. We focus on large planktonic microphages as a model of selective mucus-feeding because of their important roles in the ocean food web: as bacterivores, prey for higher trophic levels, and exporters of carbon via mucous aggregates, faecal pellets and jelly-falls. We identify important functional variations in the filter mechanics and hydrodynamics of different taxa. We review evidence that shows this feeding strategy depends not only on the particle size and dimensions of the mesh pores, but also on particle shape and surface properties, filter mechanics, hydrodynamics and grazer behaviour. As many of these organisms remain critically understudied, we conclude by suggesting priorities for future research.
Interobserver Variability by Pathologists in the Distinction Between Cellular Fibroadenomas and Phyllodes Tumors
Creators: name: Rowe, J. Jordi
name: Acs, Geza
name: Sanders, Melinda
name: Shah, Sejal S.
name: Gilcrease, Michael
name: Koerner, Frederick
name: Reynolds, Carol
name: Lawton, Thomas J.
name: Farshid, Gelareh
name: Goldstein, Neal
name: Argani, Pedram
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Fibroepithelial lesions with cellular stroma are frequently termed cellular fibroadenomas although criteria for distinguishing them from a phyllodes tumor are vague and subjective. However, the clinical implications and surgical management for these 2 lesions may be different. We randomly selected 21 cases of fibroepithelial lesions sent in consultation to the senior author that were challenging to classify as cellular fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor. One to 2 representative slides of each case along with patient age were sent to 10 pathologists who specialize in breast pathology. The World Health Organization criteria for phyllodes tumors and a diagnosis form were included with the study set. For the purposes of data reporting, fibroadenoma and cellular fibroadenoma are considered together. In only 2 cases was there uniform agreement as to whether the tumor represented a fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor. Of the remaining 19 cases, if the diagnoses of fibroadenoma and benign phyllodes tumor were combined and separated from borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors, there was 100% agreement in 53% of cases and 90% agreement in 79% of cases. This study highlights the difficulty that exists in distinguishing some cellular fibroadenomas from phyllodes tumors even for pathologists who specialize in breast pathology. However, there appears to be considerable agreement when cellular fibroadenomas and benign phyllodes tumors are distinguished from borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors. Further studies are needed to determine if there is a clinically significant difference between cellular fibroadenomas and benign phyllodes tumors and how to better distinguish them from borderline and malignant phyllodes tumors.
Exact solution and coherent states of an asymmetric oscillator with position-dependent mass
Creators: name: da Costa, Bruno G.
name: Gomez, Ignacio S.
name: Rath, Biswanath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of the deformed oscillator with position-dependent mass [da Costa et al., J. Math. Phys. {\bf 62}, 092101 (2021)] in the classical and quantum formalisms, by introducing the effect of the mass function in both kinetic and potential energies. The resulting Hamiltonian is mapped into a Morse oscillator by means of a point canonical transformation from the usual phase space $(x, p)$ to a deformed one $(x_γ, Π_γ)$. Similar to the Morse potential, the deformed oscillator presents bound trajectories in phase space corresponding to an anharmonic oscillatory motion in classical formalism and, therefore, bound states with a discrete spectrum in quantum formalism. On the other hand, open trajectories in phase space are associated with scattering states and continuous energy spectrum. Employing the factorization method, we investigate the properties of the coherent states, such as the time evolution and their uncertainties. A fast localization, classical and quantum, is reported for the coherent states due to the asymmetrical position-dependent mass. An oscillation of the time evolution of the uncertainty relationship is also observed, whose amplitude increases as the deformation increases.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
Putting people before technology: how communities build better research infrastructure (webinar slides)
Creators: name: Burland, Tamsin
name: Moody, Victoria
name: Brown, Christopher
name: Evans, Jenny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: These slides accompany the "Putting people before technology" on demand webinar, recorded for the virtual ARMA 2022 Conference (15-16th November 2022). Webinar abstract When we think of digital infrastructure for research, we may think of hardware such as computers, storage, high speed digital networks and wi-fi, or software for data analysis or research information management. However, effective infrastructure for research and research management also requires institutions, services, standards, workflows and people. Technological solutions that fit the needs of users require early and frequent contribution from stakeholder communities who help focus priorities and share knowledge. This session will look at the ‘non-digital’ aspects of building infrastructure for research and research management. We look at 3 examples of newly formed national and international communities that seek to influence the development and sustainability of digital research infrastructure. New approaches to management and sharing of research facilities and assets - the role of sector stakeholders in identifying opportunities and challenges Developing an international approach to the adoption of Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) for research. Building an intersectional community of practice around the capture, sharing and preservation of practice research outputs, through engagement with researchers, practitioners and those who enable/support infrastructure.
(400645) Edward Roy Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Anisotropic Ballistic Transport Revealed by Molecular Nanoprobe Experiments
Creators: name: Leisegang, Markus
name: Schindhelm, Robert
name: Kügel, Jens
name: Bode, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic-scale charge transport properties are not only of significant fundamental interest but also highly relevant for numerous technical applications. However, experimental methods which are capable of detecting charge transport at the relevant single-digit nanometer length scales are scarce. Here we report on molecular nanoprobe (MONA) experiments on Pd(110) where we utilize the charge carrier-driven switching of a single cis-2-butene molecule to detect ballistic transport properties over length scales of a few nanometers. Our data demonstrate a striking angular dependence with a dip in charge transport along the [1-10]-oriented atomic rows and a peak in the transverse [001] direction. The narrow angular width of both features and distance-dependent measurements suggest that the nanometer-scale ballistic transport properties of metallic surfaces is significantly influenced by the atomic structure.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Phase retrieval using random cubatures and fusion frames of positive semidefinite matrices
Creators: name: Ehler, Martin
name: Graef, Manuel
name: Kiraly, Franz J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: As a generalization of the standard phase retrieval problem, we seek to reconstruct symmetric rank-1 matrices from inner products with subclasses of positive semidefinite matrices. For such subclasses, we introduce random cubatures for spaces of multivariate polynomials based on moment conditions. The inner products with samples from sufficiently strong random cubatures allow the reconstruction of symmetric rank-1 matrices with a decent probability by solving the feasibility problem of a semidefinite program.
Yet another proof of the Ado theorem
Creators: name: Zusmanovich, Pasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 17B30

description: We give a simple proof of the Birkhoff theorem about existence of a faithful representation for any finite-dimensional nilpotent Lie algebra of characteristic zero.
description: v5: added two footnotes indicating some minor inaccuracies in proofs (all the results and the general scheme of reasoning remain valid)
(400646) Ellen Ann Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Geometric Langlands Twists of N = 4 Gauge Theory from Derived Algebraic Geometry
Creators: name: Elliott, Chris
name: Yoo, Philsang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop techniques for describing the derived moduli spaces of solutions to the equations of motion in twists of supersymmetric gauge theories as derived algebraic stacks. We introduce a holomorphic twist of N=4 supersymmetric gauge theory and compute the derived moduli space. We then compute the moduli spaces for the Kapustin-Witten topological twists as its further twists. The resulting spaces for the A- and B-twist are closely related to the de Rham stack of the moduli space of algebraic bundles and the de Rham moduli space of flat bundles, respectively. In particular, we find the unexpected result that the moduli spaces following a topological twist need not be entirely topological, but can continue to capture subtle algebraic structures of interest for the geometric Langlands program.
description: 55 pages; minor corrections
Features of electroweak symmetry breaking in five dimensional SUSY models
Creators: name: Lalak, Zygmunt
name: Lewicki, Marek
name: McGarrie, Moritz
name: Olszewski, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the phenomenological predictions of a supersymmetric standard model, with a large extra dimension and unifying gauge couplings. The modified five dimensional renormalisation group equations make it possible to obtain light, maximally mixed stops, with a low scale of supersymmetry breaking and a low unification scale. This allows the fine-tuning to be lowered right down to the barrier coming directly from experimental lower limits on the stop masses. We also show that attempts at modifying the SUSY breaking pattern to obtain more natural soft terms at the high scale do not give the expected fine-tuning relaxation, and only RGE effects turn out to be effective in generating a lower fine-tuning.
Supplementary materials from Mammoth grazers on the ocean's minuteness: a review of selective feeding using mucous meshes
Creators: name: Keats R. Conley
name: Lombard, Fabien
name: Sutherland, Kelly R.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Mucous-mesh grazers (pelagic tunicates and thecosome pteropods) are common in oceanic waters and efficiently capture, consume and repackage particles many orders of magnitude smaller than themselves. They feed using an adhesive mucous mesh to capture prey particles from ambient seawater. Historically, their grazing process has been characterized as non-selective, depending only on the size of the prey particle and the pore dimensions of the mesh. The purpose of this review is to reverse this assumption by reviewing recent evidence that shows mucous-mesh feeding can be selective. We focus on large planktonic microphages as a model of selective mucus-feeding because of their important roles in the ocean food web: as bacterivores, prey for higher trophic levels, and exporters of carbon via mucous aggregates, faecal pellets and jelly-falls. We identify important functional variations in the filter mechanics and hydrodynamics of different taxa. We review evidence that shows this feeding strategy depends not only on the particle size and dimensions of the mesh pores, but also on particle shape and surface properties, filter mechanics, hydrodynamics and grazer behaviour. As many of these organisms remain critically understudied, we conclude by suggesting priorities for future research.
Painful Passages: Traumatic Experiences and Post-Traumatic Stress among U.S. Immigrant Latino Adolescents and their Primary Caregivers
Creators: name: Perreira, Krista M.
name: Ornelas, India
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Using data from a stratified random sample of 281 foreign-born adolescents and their parents, this study provides data on migration-related trauma exposures and examines how the migration process influences the risk of experiencing trauma and developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). We find that 29% of foreign-born adolescents and 34% of foreign-born parents experienced trauma during the migration process. Among those that experienced trauma, 9% of adolescents and 21% of their parents were at risk for PTSD. Pre-migration poverty combined with clandestine entry into the US increased the risk of trauma and the subsequent development of PTSD symptoms. Post-migration experiences of discrimination and neighborhood disorder further exacerbated this risk, while social support and familism mitigated it. Our results emphasize the importance of understanding how factors prior to, during, and after migration combine to influence the health of immigrants.
Gauging the Carroll Algebra and Ultra-Relativistic Gravity
Creators: name: Hartong, Jelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the geometrical framework of Riemannian geometry that underlies general relativity and its torsionful extension to Riemann-Cartan geometry can be obtained from a procedure known as gauging the Poincare algebra. Recently it has been shown that gauging the centrally extended Galilei algebra, known as the Bargmann algebra, leads to a geometrical framework that when made dynamical gives rise to Horava-Lifshitz gravity. Here we consider the case where we contract the Poincare algebra by sending the speed of light to zero leading to the Carroll algebra. We show how this algebra can be gauged and we construct the most general affine connection leading to the geometry of so-called Carrollian space-times. Carrollian space-times appear for example as the geometry on null hypersurfaces in a Lorentzian space-time of one dimension higher. We also construct theories of ultra-relativistic (Carrollian) gravity in 2+1 dimensions with dynamical exponent z<1 including cases that have anisotropic Weyl invariance for z=0.
description: 27 pages
(400647) John Laird Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic Supplementary Material. Isolation by Environment in the Highly Mobile Olive Ridley Turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the eastern Pacific. from Isolation by environment in the highly mobile olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in the eastern Pacific.
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Zárate, Clara J.
name: Sandoval-Castillo, Jonathan
name: Sebille, Erik Van
name: Keane, Robert G.
name: Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares
name: Urteaga, Jose
name: Beheregaray, Luciano B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Spatial and temporal scales at which processes modulate genetic diversity over the landscape are usually overlooked, impacting the design of conservation management practices for widely distributed species. We examine processes shaping population divergence in highly mobile species by re-assessing the case of panmixia in the iconic olive ridley turtle from the eastern Pacific. We implemented a biophysical model of connectivity and a seascape genetic analysis based on nuclear DNA variation of 634 samples collected from 27 nesting areas. Two genetically distinct populations largely isolated during reproductive migrations and mating were detected, each composed of multiple nesting sites linked by high connectivity. This pattern was strongly associated with a steep environmental gradient and also influenced by ocean currents. These findings relate to meso-scale features of a dynamic oceanographic interface in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) region, a scenario that possibly provides different cost–benefit solutions and selective pressures for sea turtles during both the mating and migration periods. We reject panmixia and propose a new paradigm for olive ridley turtles where reproductive isolation due to assortative mating is linked to its environment. Our study demonstrates the relevance of integrative approaches for assessing the role of environmental gradients and oceanographic currents as drivers of genetic differentiation in widely distributed marine species. This is relevant for the conservation management of species of highly mobile behaviour, and assists the planning and development of large-scale conservation strategies for the threatened olive ridley turtles in the ETP.
(400643) Marguerite L Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Slowly rotating black hole solutions in Horndeski gravity
Creators: name: Maselli, Andrea
name: Silva, Hector O.
name: Minamitsuji, Masato
name: Berti, Emanuele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study black hole solutions at first order in the Hartle-Thorne slow-rotation approximation in Horndeski gravity theories. We derive the equations of motion including also cases where the scalar depends linearly on time. In the Hartle-Thorne formalism, all first-order rotational corrections are described by a single frame-dragging function. We show that the frame-dragging function is exactly the same as in general relativity for all known black hole solutions in shift symmetric Horndeski theories, with the exception of theories with a linear coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. Our results extend previous no-hair theorems for a broad class of Horndeski gravity theories.
description: Fixed more typos found in proof. Matches version published in PRD
(400640) William Herbert Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: The effects of constraint on three dimensional elastic-plastic crack tip fields
Creators: name: Chen, Ning
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering, fracture mechanics.

description: Detailed finite element analysis of the near tip region of a thin plate has revealed strong three-dimensional effects at the crack front. The field exhibits a gradual loss of plane strain conditions through the thickness which changes with increasing levels of deformation. A strain concentration is located at the intersection of free surface and crack plane. The distribution of J with a deformation levels coincides with the variation of the crack tip stress field. The effects of constraint were studied through modified boundary layer formulations using the first two terms of the William's expansion, K and T as boundary conditions. The results show that positive T stresses allow the strain close to the free surface to advance more than on the midplane. Negative T causes the strain to develop near the midplane more than close to the free surface. At large deformation levels, the crack tip deformation tends to a uniform plane stress field for both positive and negative T stresses. Numerical results show that the lateral contraction at the crack tip is approximately equal to the crack tip opening displacement in small scale yielding.
Universal relaxation in quark-gluon plasma at strong coupling
Creators: name: Buchel, Alex
name: Day, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use top-down gauge theory/string theory correspondence to compute relaxation rates in strongly coupled nonconformal gauge theory plasma. We compare models with difference mechanisms of breaking the scale invariance: "hard breaking" (by relevant operators) and "soft breaking" (by marginal operators). We find that the thermalization time of the transverse traceless fluctuations of the stress-energy tensor is rather insensitive to the mechanisms of breaking the scale invariance over a large range of the scale-breaking parameter $δ=\frac 13-c_s^2$. We comment on the relevance of the results to QCD quark-gluon plasma.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1108.6070
(400641) Flora Bessie Ellen Taylor
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Imaging and Clinical Features in a Child with Loeys-Dietz Syndrome: A Case Report
Creators: name: Castillo, M.
name: Caldera, A.
name: Suarez, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We describe a boy with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) a genetic and recently described condition that affects connective tissues belonging to a group of Marfan-related disorders. Since there are only a few cases reported misdiagnosis may not be uncommon. Radiological findings in our patient include pectus excavatum, aortic root dilatation, diffuse dilatation of the intracerebral vessels and a Chiari I malformation. We describe the imaging findings, clinical presentation and diagnosis criteria of this entity.
Laplacian ICP for Progressive Registration of 3D Human Head Meshes
Creators: name: Pears, Nick
name: Dai, Hang
name: Smith, Will
name: Sun, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a progressive 3D registration framework that is a highly-efficient variant of classical non-rigid Iterative Closest Points (N-ICP). Since it uses the Laplace-Beltrami operator for deformation regularisation, we view the overall process as Laplacian ICP (L-ICP). This exploits a `small deformation per iteration' assumption and is progressively coarse-to-fine, employing an increasingly flexible deformation model, an increasing number of correspondence sets, and increasingly sophisticated correspondence estimation. Correspondence matching is only permitted within predefined vertex subsets derived from domain-specific feature extractors. Additionally, we present a new benchmark and a pair of evaluation metrics for 3D non-rigid registration, based on annotation transfer. We use this to evaluate our framework on a publicly-available dataset of 3D human head scans (Headspace). The method is robust and only requires a small fraction of the computation time compared to the most popular classical approach, yet has comparable registration performance.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures