title: Unit Costs of Health and Social Care 2024 Manual
Creators: name: Jones, Karen C.
name: Weatherly, Helen
name: Birch, Sarah
name: Castelli, Adriana
name: Chalkley, Martin
name: Dargan, Alan
name: Findlay, Douglas
name: Gao, Minyue
name: Hinde, Seb
name: Markham, Sarah
name: Smith, Deb
name: Teo, Hansel
Publisher: name: Personal Social Services Research Unit (University of Kent) & Centre for Health Economics (University of York)
Year: 2025

description: Knowing the cost of specific health and social care services is crucial information for making decisions about what support is provided to those who need help, assisting service providers to plan for the future of their services, and more generally for allocating scarce resources and budgets. To support resourcing decisions, the Unit Cost Programme has been carried out by the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU) at the University of Kent. They produced the annual cost estimates for the delivery of health and social care services for 29 years. Lesley Curtis, a Senior Research Fellow at PSSRU led the Unit Costs of Health and Social Care programme, alongside Jennifer Beecham, Ann Netten and Amanda Burns. In 2020, Karen Jones, Co-Director of PSSRU, led the programme for two years.
The annual publication is freely available online. The work is underpinned by three key principles:
1. The provision of robust, consistent estimates of costs based on economic theory and reflecting the long-run marginal opportunity cost.
2. Comprehensive coverage of available health and social care services, reflective of new service developments.
3. Clarity and accessibility in the presentation of cost estimates.
The annual volume included nationally-applicable costs for around 80 health and adult social care services (NHS, local authority, private and voluntary) as well as at least three articles by academics and practitioners each year. Unit costs represents the total expenditure incurred to produce one unit of output in health and social care. For example, the cost of one hour of a nurse or GP’s time, or a face-to-face appointment with a social worker or perhaps a speech therapist. It could also be a week in a residential care or nursing home or the cost of a day care attendance. The consistency, comprehensiveness and robustness of what was produced over time has seen the volumes become a cornerstone of economic evaluations and a resource to inform deliberations among decision-makers.
Acknowledgements: The Unit Cost of Health and Social Care contract was completed in 2022. We would like to thank our previous Advisory Group (Ross Campbell, Adriana Castelli, Ciara Donnelly, Sebastian Hinde, Tracey Sach, James Shearer, Adam Storrow and Jonathan White) for their input at our meetings. We would also like to thank colleagues from the Department of Health and Social Care, NHS Digital and the Department of Education who shared the relevant datasets so we can estimate the unit costs. In addition, we received invaluable assistance from Anna Peckham, Sarah Godfrey, Alan Dargan and Ed Ludlow from the University of Kent. Thank you to you all.
The Unit Costs of Health and Social Care Programme (2022-2027)
In 2022, PSSRU and the Centre for Health Economics (CHE) at the University of York began a new five-year collaboration to continue to estimate unit costs for health and social care and to deliver an annual volume.