cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Antitrust Regulations in the Agricultural Sector in Israel, the US and the EU
Creators: name: Kachel, Yael
name: Finkelshtain, Israel
name: Kachel, Yael
name: Finkelshtain, Israel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Antitrust Regulation
subject: Agriculture
subject: Cooperatives
subject: Market Power

description: The Israeli agricultural sector enjoys a far-reaching exemption from antitrust regulation. The exemption includes farmers and wholesalers of agricultural products and enables restrictive arrangements, which may reduce competition. A comparative analysis of antitrust regulation in Israel, the European Union and the United States shows that the exemption in Israel is relatively narrow with regard to the products included but much wider with regard to the exempted firms. There are economic arguments which support exempting farmers and farmers' associations from the prohibition of restrictive arrangements to enable cooperation in production, marketing, promotion and research, but the exemption of wholesalers of agricultural products could not be justified on the grounds of economic efficiency.
MOESM1 of A randomized controlled trial on the use of pessary plus progesterone to prevent preterm birth in women with short cervical length (P5 trial)
Creators: name: Pacagnella, Rodolfo
name: Mol, Ben
name: Borovac-Pinheiro, Anderson
name: Passini, Renato
name: Nomura, Marcelo
name: Andrade, Kleber
name: Ellovitch, Nathalia
name: Karayna Fernandes
name: Thaísa Bortoletto
name: Cynara Pereira
name: Miele, Maria
name: França, Marcelo
name: Cecatti, Jose
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Participating centers and location in Brazil.
Sternidae Vigors 1825
Creators: name: Somenzari, Marina
name: Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do
name: Cueto, Víctor R.
name: Guaraldo, André de Camargo
name: Jahn, Alex E.
name: Lima, Diego Mendes
name: Lima, Pedro Cerqueira
name: Lugarini, Camile
name: Machado, Caio Graco
name: Martinez, Jaime
name: Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do
name: Pacheco, José Fernando
name: Paludo, Danielle
name: Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti
name: Serafini, Patrícia Pereira
name: Silveira, Luís Fábio
name: Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de
name: Sousa, Nathália Alves de
name: Souza, Manuella Andrade de
name: Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues
name: Whitney, Bret Myers
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Sternidae

description: Sternidae   Chlidonias leucopterus (VAG): breeds in Europe, Siberia, Mongolia and New Zealand and overwinters in Africa, southern Asia and Oceania (Burger & Gochfeld, 1996). The first record of this species in Brazil and in South America was made in 2008 in the Lagoa do Peixe National Park (Aldabe et al., 2010). New photographs were also taken in the same region in 2010 (WikiAves, 2016).
 Sterna vittata (VAG): breeds in the Antarctic Peninsula and overwinters on the east coast of the South America and in southern Africa. There are resident populations on subantarctic islands. In Brazil, it was recorded during austral winter historically for RJ and SC without precise localities (Sick, 1997) and there are recent records for BA (Lima et al., 2004c).
description: Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 40, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/5234679
Ab-initio design of perovskite alloys with predetermined properties: The case of Pb(Sc_{0.5} Nb_{0.5})O_{3}
Creators: name: Iniguez, Jorge
name: Bellaiche, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A first-principles derived approach is combined with the inverse Monte Carlo technique to determine the atomic orderings leading to prefixed properties in Pb(Sc_{0.5}Nb_{0.5})O_{3} perovskite alloy. We find that some arrangements between Sc and Nb atoms result in drastic changes with respect to the disordered material, including ground states of new symmetries, large enhancement of electromechanical responses, and considerable shift of the Curie temperature. We discuss the microscopic mechanisms responsible for these unusual effects.
description: 5 pages with 2 postscript figures embedded
Dynamic determination of functional liver capacity with the LiMAx test in post‐cardiac arrest patients undergoing targeted temperature management—A prospective trial
Creators: name: Nee, Jens
name: Schroeder, Tim
name: Vornholt, Florian
name: Schaeuble, Julian
name: Leithner, Christoph
name: Stockmann, Martin
name: Storm, Christian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: CYP1A2
subject: LiMAx
subject: cardiac arrest
subject: functional liver capacity
subject: reperfusion syndrome
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Transiently increased transaminases is a common finding after cardiac arrest but little is known about the functional liver capacity (LiMAx) during the post-cardiac arrest syndrome and treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this trial was to evaluate liver function capacity in post-cardiac arrest survivors undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) in ICU. Methods: Thirty-two post-cardiac arrest survivors were prospectively included with all patients undergoing TTM at 33 degrees C for 24 hours. Blood samples were collected, and LiMAx testing was performed at days 1, 2, 5, and 10 post-cardiac arrest. LiMAx is a non-invasive, in vivo, dynamic breath test determining cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) capacity using intravenous (IV) C-13-methacetin, thus reflecting maximum liver function capacity. Static liver parameters were determined and compared to LiMAx values. Results: A typical pattern of transiently, mildly increased transaminases was demonstrated without fulfilling the criteria for hypoxic hepatitis (HH). CYP1A2 activity was reduced with slow normalization over 10 days (lowest median 48 hours after cardiac arrest: 228.5 (25-75 percentile 105.2-301.7 mu g/kg/h, P < .05). Parameters reflecting the liver synthetic function were not impaired, as assessed by, in standard laboratory testing. Conclusion: Liver functional capacity is impaired in patients after cardiac arrest undergoing TTM at 33 degrees C. More data are needed to determine if liver functional capacity may add relevant information, especially in the context of pharmacotherapy, to individualize post-cardiac arrest care.
MOESM3 of Using a nominal group technique to approach consensus on a resilience intervention for smoking cessation in a lower socioeconomic population
Creators: name: Tsourtos, George
name: Foley, Kristen
name: Ward, Paul
name: Miller, Emma
name: Wilson, Carlene
name: Barton, Christopher
name: Lawn, Sharon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Additional file 3. Figure S6 Nine-point Likert rating scales of how useful and feasible each of the strategies were perceived
Supplementary document for Magnetron-sputtered and thermal-evaporated low-loss Sb-Se phase-change films in non-volatile integrated photonics - 5897137.pdf
Creators: name: Lei, Kunhao
name: Wei, Maoliang
name: Chen, Zequn
name: Wu, Jianghong
name: Jian, Jialing
name: Du, Jia
name: Li, Junying
name: Li, Lan
name: Lin, Hongtao
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Ellipsometry test model and fitting data
Point2SpatialCapsule: Aggregating Features and Spatial Relationships of Local Regions on Point Clouds using Spatial-aware Capsules
Creators: name: Wen, Xin
name: Han, Zhizhong
name: Liu, Xinhai
name: Liu, Yu-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning discriminative shape representation directly on point clouds is still challenging in 3D shape analysis and understanding. Recent studies usually involve three steps: first splitting a point cloud into some local regions, then extracting corresponding feature of each local region, and finally aggregating all individual local region features into a global feature as shape representation using simple max pooling. However, such pooling-based feature aggregation methods do not adequately take the spatial relationships between local regions into account, which greatly limits the ability to learn discriminative shape representation. To address this issue, we propose a novel deep learning network, named Point2SpatialCapsule, for aggregating features and spatial relationships of local regions on point clouds, which aims to learn more discriminative shape representation. Compared with traditional max-pooling based feature aggregation networks, Point2SpatialCapsule can explicitly learn not only geometric features of local regions but also spatial relationships among them. It consists of two modules. To resolve the disorder problem of local regions, the first module, named geometric feature aggregation, is designed to aggregate the local region features into the learnable cluster centers, which explicitly encodes the spatial locations from the original 3D space. The second module, named spatial relationship aggregation, is proposed for further aggregating clustered features and the spatial relationships among them in the feature space using the spatial-aware capsules developed in this paper. Compared to the previous capsule network based methods, the feature routing on the spatial-aware capsules can learn more discriminative spatial relationships among local regions for point clouds, which establishes a direct mapping between log priors and the spatial locations through feature clusters.
MOESM2 of Using a nominal group technique to approach consensus on a resilience intervention for smoking cessation in a lower socioeconomic population
Creators: name: Tsourtos, George
name: Foley, Kristen
name: Ward, Paul
name: Miller, Emma
name: Wilson, Carlene
name: Barton, Christopher
name: Lawn, Sharon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Figure S5 Ranking resilience strategies on usefulness and feasibility
Spurring Dairy Buffalo Development in the Philippines through Cooperatives, Negotiations, and Networks
Creators: name: PALACPAC, ERIC P.
name: PALACPAC, ERIC P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: dairy buffalo
subject: negotiation
subject: cooperatives
subject: network
subject: script
subject: interface instrument

description: The paper aimed to analyze the roles and implications of cooperatives, negotiations and networks in the implementation of the National Impact Zone (NIZ) Program for dairy buffalo development in the Philippines. It detailed how the program evolved from a series of negotiations involving the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC), cooperatives, individual farmers, local officials and other stakeholders. Through successful negotiations, several actors were enlisted until a network of relations shaped up. Negotiations and networks anchored on the cooperatives and as facilitated or managed by the intermediaries (mainly the NIZ Management Staff and field technicians from the PCC), have resulted in integrative agreements regarding adoption of particular innovations, marketing strategies, and policy implementation. Continuous improvement and sustainability of the NIZ Program depends on the effective management of its network. Strategic alliance with other actors or private groups to help in the business aspect of the NIZ operations is also recommended.
Falconidae Leach 1820
Creators: name: Somenzari, Marina
name: Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do
name: Cueto, Víctor R.
name: Guaraldo, André de Camargo
name: Jahn, Alex E.
name: Lima, Diego Mendes
name: Lima, Pedro Cerqueira
name: Lugarini, Camile
name: Machado, Caio Graco
name: Martinez, Jaime
name: Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do
name: Pacheco, José Fernando
name: Paludo, Danielle
name: Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti
name: Serafini, Patrícia Pereira
name: Silveira, Luís Fábio
name: Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de
name: Sousa, Nathália Alves de
name: Souza, Manuella Andrade de
name: Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues
name: Whitney, Bret Myers
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Falconiformes
Falconidae

description: Falconidae   Falco tinnunculus (VAG): occurs in Europe, Africa and Asia (Orta, 1994). Only one individual was recorded in the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago in Brazil, which was the first record for Brazil and for South America and the third one for the New World (Bencke et al., 2005).
 Falco columbarius (VAG):breeds in the Arctic and migrates to lower latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere during boreal winter (White et al., 1994). In Brazil, there are few records of this species and all for the North region (Grantsau, 2010) in Jaú National Park/AM (Borges et al., 2001) and in Roraima (RR), PA, Tocantins (TO) and AC (WikiAves, 2016).
 Falco aesalon (VAG): occurs in northern Eurasia from Faroe Islands east to central Siberia. When migrating, it moves south to the Mediterranean, northern Africa, Persian Gulf, Iraq, Iran, China, Japan and Korea, and there also recent documented records for Bangladesh (White et al., 2016). The first and only known record for South America is of a female captured on a ship on the coast of BA in 1963 (Baars-Klinkenberg & Wattel, 1964).
description: Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 40, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/5234679
Der Heiligabend – ein zivilrechtliches Kurzdrama in fünf Akten
Creators: name: Armbrüster, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Zivilrecht
subject: Schuldrecht
subject: Sachenrecht
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::340 Recht

description: Der Beitrag zeigt – in der Darstellungsweise eines klassischen Dramas – einige klausurrelevante Themen des Schuld- und Sachenrechts auf, die allesamt auch jenseits des Heiligabends bedeutsam werden können. Der Reigen reicht von den gesetzlichen und vertraglichen Verschuldensmaßstäben über die werkvertragliche Gewährleistung und das Gleichbehandlungsrecht bis hin zu Fragen des Schenkungsrechts sowie des Eigentums- und Besitzübergangs. Ganz nebenbei erfährt man, wieso sich bei der Deliktshaftung in der Lebenswirklichkeit meist andere Beteiligte gegenüberstehen als in Klausuraufgaben. Kleine Ausflüge ins Feiertagsrecht in Prolog und Epilog runden den Beitrag ab.
Yang-Mills connections over manifolds with Grassmann structure
Creators: name: Alekseevsky, Dmitri V.
name: Cortés, Vicente
name: Devchand, Chandrashekar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C07; 70S15

description: Let M be a manifold with Grassmann structure, i.e. with an isomorphism of the cotangent bundle T^*M\cong E\otimes H with the tensor product of two vector bundles E and H. We define the notion of a half-flat connection \nabla^W in a vector bundle W\to M as a connection whose curvature F\in S^2E\otimes\wedge^2 H\otimes W \subset\wedge^2 T^*M\otimes W. Under appropriate assumptions, for example, when the Grassmann structure is associated with a quaternionic Kaehler structure on M, half-flatness implies the Yang-Mills equations. Inspired by the harmonic space approach, we develop a local construction of (holomorphic) half-flat connections \nabla^W over a complex manifold with (holomorphic) Grassmann structure equipped with a suitable linear connection. Any such connection \nabla^W can be obtained from a prepotential by solving a system of linear first order ODEs. The construction can be applied, for instance, to the complexification of hyper-Kaehler manifolds or more generally to hyper-Kaehler manifolds with admissible torsion and to their higher-spin analogues. It yields solutions of the Yang-Mills equations.
description: 41 pages; very minor changes, version to appear in JMP
Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A By‐proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach
Creators: name: Ritschl, Paul V.
name: Nevermann, Nora
name: Wiering, Leke
name: Wu, Helen H.
name: Moroder, Philipp
name: Brandl, Andreas
name: Hillebrandt, Karl
name: Tacke, Frank
name: Friedersdorff, Frank
name: Schlomm, Thorsten
name: Schöning, Wenzel
name: Öllinger, Robert
name: Schmelzle, Moritz
name: Pratschke, Johann
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: clinical research/practice
subject: guidelines
subject: health services and outcomes research
subject: infection and infectious agents-viral
subject: infectious disease
subject: organ acceptance
subject: organ allocation
subject: organ procurement
subject: organ procurement and allocation
subject: organ transplantation in general
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a drastic impact on national health care systems. Given the overwhelming demand on facility capacity, the impact on all health care sectors has to be addressed. Solid organ transplantation represents a field with a high demand on staff, intensive care units, and follow-up facilities. The great therapeutic value of organ transplantation has to be weighed against mandatory constraints of health care capacities. In addition, the management of immunosuppressed recipients has to be reassessed during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addressing these crucial questions, transplant physicians are facing a total lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to offer an approach of consensus-based guidance, derived from individual information of 22 transplant societies. Key recommendations were extracted and the degree of consensus among different organizations was calculated. A high degree of consensus was found for temporarily suspending nonurgent transplant procedures and living donation programs. Systematic polymerase chain reaction-based testing of donors and recipients was broadly recommended. Additionally, more specific aspects (eg, screening of surgical explant teams and restricted use of marginal donor organs) were included in our analysis. This study offers a novel approach to informed guidance for health care management when a priori no scientific evidence is available.
Operative outcome of hernia repair with synthetic mesh in immunocompromised patients
Creators: name: Lee, Lucas D.
name: Stroux, Andrea
name: Nickisch, Daniela
name: Wröbel, Lea
name: Aschenbrenner, Katja
name: Weixler, Benjamin
name: Kreis, Martin E.
name: Lauscher, Johannes C.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: herniorrhaphy
subject: immunosuppression
subject: risk factor
subject: surgical mesh
subject: surgical wound infection
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The safety of synthetic mesh in elective hernia repair in the setting of immunosuppression lacks national and international consensus. The aim of our analysis was to explore the effects of immunosuppression on the rates of wound complications. Methods: Comparative analysis of immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with elective mesh repair of inguinal, femoral, primary ventral, incisional or parastomal hernia between January 2001 and December 2013. Immunosuppression included glucocorticoids, biologicals, chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy. Primary outcome parameter was mesh infection rate. Follow-up questionnaires were completed in written form or by telephone interview. Results: Questionnaire response rate was 59.5% (n= 194) with a median follow-up of 33 (interquartile range: 28-41) months. There were no differences between immunocompromised (n= 40, 20.6%) and immunocompetent patients (n= 154, 79.4%) based on hernia and patient characteristics. Immunosuppression was not associated with the rates of mesh infection (P= 1.000), surgical site infection (SSI,P= 0.330) or re-operation for SSI (P= 0.365), but with higher rates (P= 0.007) and larger odds for hernia recurrence (odds ratio 3.264, 95% confidence interval 1.304-8.172;P= 0.012). Mesh infection also increased the odds for hernia recurrence (odds ratio 11.625; 95% confidence interval 1.754-77.057;P= 0.011). Only in the subset of ventral/incisional hernias, immunocompromised (n= 8, 40%) patients had higher recurrence rates than immunocompetent patients (n= 5, 11.6%;P= 0.017). Patients with SSI reported more frequently moderate to severe dysesthesia at the surgical site (P= 0.013) and would less frequently re-consent to surgery (P= 0.006). Conclusion Immunosuppression does not increase the rate of wound infections after elective hernia repair with synthetic mesh. However, immunosuppression and mesh infection are risk factors for hernia recurrence.
The Metal-Insulator Transition of NbO2: an Embedded Peierls Instability
Creators: name: Eyert, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of first principles augmented spherical wave electronic structure calculations for niobium dioxide are presented. Both metallic rutile and insulating low-temperature NbO2, which crystallizes in a distorted rutile structure, are correctly described within density functional theory and the local density approximation. Metallic conductivity is carried to equal amounts by metal t_{2g} orbitals, which fall into the one-dimensional d_parallel band and the isotropically dispersing e_{g}^{pi} bands. Hybridization of both types of bands is almost negligible outside narrow rods along the line X--R. In the low-temperature phase splitting of the d_parallel band due to metal-metal dimerization as well as upshift of the e_{g}^{pi} bands due to increased p-d overlap remove the Fermi surface and open an optical band gap of about 0.1 eV. The metal-insulator transition arises as a Peierls instability of the d_parallel band in an embedding background of e_{g}^{pi} electrons. This basic mechanism should also apply to VO2, where, however, electronic correlations are expected to play a greater role due to stronger localization of the 3d electrons.
description: 4 pages, revtex, 6 eps figures, additional material avalable at http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/~eyert/
Dark degeneracy I: Dynamical or interacting dark energy?
Creators: name: von Marttens, Rodrigo
name: Lombriser, Lucas
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Marra, Valerio
name: Casarini, Luciano
name: Alcaniz, Jailson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the dark degeneracy that arises from the Einstein equations relating geometry to the total cosmic substratum but not resolving its individual components separately. We establish the explicit conditions for the dark degeneracy in the fluid description of the dark sector. At the background level, this degeneracy can be formally understood in terms of a unified dark sector Equation of State (EoS) that depends both on the dynamical nature of the dark energy (DE) as well as on its interaction with the pressureless dark matter. For linear perturbations, the degeneracy arises for specified DE pressure perturbations (or sound speed, equivalently) and DE anisotropic stress. Specializing to the degeneracy between non-interacting dynamical DE and interacting vacuum DE models, we perform a parameter estimation analysis for a range of dynamical DE parametrizations, where for illustration we explicitly break the degeneracy at the linear level by adopting a luminal sound speed for both scenarios. We conduct this analysis using cosmological background data alone and in combination with Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation. We find that although the overall phenomenology between the dynamical DE and interacting approaches is similar, there are some intriguing differences. In particular, there is an ambiguity in the strength of constraints on $Ω_{m0}$ and $σ_8$, which are considerably weakened for interacting vacuum DE, indicating that the dark degeneracy can change the significance of tensions in cosmological parameters inferred from different data sets.
description: 34 pages, 18 figures
Discrete random spacetimes: covariance and quantization in growth dynamics for causal sets
Creators: name: Zalel, Stav
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Within causal set theory, growth dynamics form a novel realisation of the path integral for quantum gravity. This thesis presents recent developments in growth dynamics, focusing on general covariance and quantization. In causal set theory, where spacetime takes the form of a discrete causal set, general covariance takes the form of label-invariance. Here we present the first manifestly covariant growth dynamics, namely models of random unlabeled graphs. These models, like their label-dependent predecessors, are classically stochastic. The decoherence functional offers a stochastic-like formulation of quantum theory particularly suited to quantum gravity and a proposal for a decoherence functional for causal sets based on growth dynamics has previously been put forward, but it was shown to fail in certain cases due to a technical pathology. We provide new criteria for when the procedure is well-defined and apply these to obtain the first known examples of quantum dynamics for causal sets. We generalise the construction of the decoherence functional to a wide class of growth dynamics and discuss its application to dynamics which give rise to bouncing cosmologies. Finally, we explore whether growth dynamics, labeled and unlabeled, can accommodate cosmologies in which time has no beginning.
The Oort Constants Measured from Proper Motions
Creators: name: Olling, Rob P.
name: Dehnen, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Oort constants describe the local variations of the stellar streaming field. Classically, they are determined from stellar proper motions. We discuss problems arising in this procedure. A large, hitherto overlooked, source of systematic error arises from longitudinal variations of the mean stellar parallax. Together with the solar reflex motion, these variations create contributions to the longitudinal proper motions mu_l*(l) that are indistinguishable from the Oort Constants at the 20% level. Fortunately, we can correct for this "mode mixing" using the latitudinal proper motions mu_b(l). We use ~10^6 stars from the ACT/Tycho-2 catalogs with proper motion errors of ~ 3 mas/yr. We find significant deviations from expectations based on a smooth axisymmetric equilibrium disk, in particular non-zero C for old red giant stars. We also find variations of the Oort constants with the asymmetric drift of the sub-sample. These correlations are different in nature than those expected for an axisymmetric Galaxy. The most reliable tracers for the ``true'' Oort constants are red giants, which are old enough to be in equilibrium and distant enough to be unaffected by possible local anomalies. For these stars we find, A ~ 16, B ~- 17, A - B ~ 33, and C ~- 10 km/s/kpc with internal errors of about 1-2 and external error of perhaps the same order. These values are consistent with our knowledge of the Milky Way (flat rotation curve and Omega=A - B ~ 28 +/- 2). Based on observations made with the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite. (Abridged)
description: Submitted to ApJ
Counselling Psychologists’ Experiences of Working with Survivors of Sexual Abuse: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Creators: name: Somasekar, Sasha Sharada
Publisher: name: University of East London
Year: 2020

description: This research aimed to explore the experiences of counselling psychologists working with survivors of sexual abuse in the UK. The rationale for this research is illustrated through a critical review of the existing literature examining the impact of working with survivors of sexual trauma on mental health professionals, which demonstrates a dearth of research examining this specific experience in counselling psychologists. Six counselling psychologists were interviewed with the use of semi-structured interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was then used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the data, where four super-ordinate themes were constructed: “The experience of being with the client”; “Prevailing responses to the work”; “Being equipped for the work” and “Managing the complexities of the work”. Each superordinate theme was supported by sub-ordinate themes which highlighted the nuances and complexities that exist in working with this specific client group. The analysis demonstrated the multitude of challenges faced by participants, starting with sitting in the room with the client and extending to lasting changes in participants’ perception of the world. More specifically, the emotional cost of the work, the intricacies of the therapeutic relationship, and the prominence with which aspects of this work permeate personal lives were seen. A key component emerging from the analysis was the necessity of being adequately prepared for the work which could be further supported by counselling psychology training. This research also demonstrated that despite the challenges and pervasive complexities of the work, counselling psychologists have not only found ways to cope through the use of different strategies, they have indeed been able to find joy in the work. This research provides an insight into the lived experience of practitioners working with survivors of sexual abuse, and offers contributions to training, clinical practice, and research. Enhancements to training to facilitate working with this client group and an increase in support offered to practitioners emerged as crucial areas that need to be addressed in order to sustain the well-being of counselling psychologists and other mental health professionals, which will further benefit survivors of sexual abuse seeking therapy.
Memristor enabled reconfigurable analogue systems
Creators: name: Szypicyn, Jakub Mateusz
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The following thesis re-investigates the idea of performing analogue reconfiguration using gyrator-based blocks. By employing memristors, basic impedance synthesis is achieved, allowing to realise PCB-based tunable inductors and capacitors with values as high as 50H and 2nF respectively. Clear limitations of the proposed approach - instability, high noise and limited bandwidth are thoroughly investigated through the use of test circuits such as filters and waveform generators. Accurate mathematical models are then proposed, which describe the behaviour seen in experiments and simulations. The thesis describes the advantages and drawbacks of using memristors in conventional analogue circuits. As the technology is still relatively young, current state-of-the-art devices lend themselves perfectly well in DC application, while high-frequency such as RF still need time. To contrast the use of synthetic inductors and capacitors, other methods are proposed which highlight the particular difficulties in realising true analogue computing machines. Notwithstanding, a generic analogue platform design is proposed which leverages the memristive tuning behaviour and enables systematic reconfigurability on chip. To complement the platform design, several computational methodologies are put forward, which leverage the use of component physics as means of computation, contrary to current digital architectures which are based on logic, commonly characterised by large areal and power overheads. While, the proposed methods do not give a clear answer as to whether field programmable analogue arrays can be realistically designed and used to perform complex tasks, the argument leaves the reader with clearly stated research questions which ought be answered in order to fully understand the scope into which FPAAs can be employed. The work concludes with a description of areas which will benefit from analogue reconfigurable systems, such as space exploration and IoT.
Clinical features, biomechanics and advanced biomarkers across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury.
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Karl Augustinus
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Long-term outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently poor, yet hard to predict. Acute clinical symptoms and conventional diagnostics currently used do not necessarily reflect underlying structural damage relevant to outcomes such as diffuse axonal injury (DAI) nor long-term risk of neuropathology. However, advanced fluid and imaging biomarkers, along with impact biomechanics may provide quantitative metrics better able to inform outcomes after a spectrum of TBI. This thesis uses advanced neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers to assess the extent of DAI after TBI. I assess changes to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of DAI and how they relate to fluid biomarkers and clinical outcomes after moderate-severe TBI. I further test whether these DTI measures, along serial structural MRI, also detect evidence of DAI and brain volumetric changes in athletes exposed to head impacts and mild TBIs (mTBI). In American footballers, I analyse impact biomechanics to explore the relationship of brain deformation metrics with acute clinical symptoms and long-term neuropathology. I show imaging evidence of DAI after moderate-severe TBI, which correlate with neurofilament light concentrations and strongly predict functional outcomes at 12 months post injury. In professional rugby players, I find neuroimaging evidence of DAI irrespective of whether a player has suffered an mTBI recently. I also find abnormal trajectories of white matter volume change. In American footballers, I show that player position influences the magnitude of forces in the brain, and these appear relevant to both acute clinical symptoms and long term neuropathology. My data highlights the utility of DTI and fluid biomarkers in detecting axonal injury across a spectrum of TBI severity. These approaches can improve current methods for diagnosing and classifying TBI patients. This is particularly relevant to mTBI and participation in contact sports, where risk of acute clinical symptoms doesn’t necessarily reflect risk of long term pathology.
MOESM4 of DNA methylation patterns vary in boar sperm cells with different levels of DNA fragmentation
Creators: name: Abdolrahman Khezri
name: Narud, Birgitte
name: Else-Berit Stenseth
name: Johannisson, Anders
name: FrÃ¸Ydis Myromslien
name: Gaustad, Ann
name: Wilson, Robert
name: Lyle, Robert
name: Morrell, Jane
name: Kommisrud, Elisabeth
name: Ahmad, Rafi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4. Number of DMCs and DMRs after applying different methylation difference cut-offs.
Application of Convolutional Neural Network to Quantum Percolation in Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Mano, Tomohiro
name: Ohtsuki, Tomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum material phases such as the Anderson insulator, diffusive metal, and Weyl/Dirac semimetal as well as topological insulators show specific wave functions both in real and Fourier spaces. These features are well captured by convolutional neural networks, and the phase diagrams have been obtained, where standard methods are not applicable. One of these examples is the cases of random lattices such as quantum percolation. Here, we study the topological insulators with random vacancies, namely, the quantum percolation in topological insulators, by analyzing the wave functions via a convolutional neural network. The vacancies in topological insulators are especially interesting since peculiar bound states are formed around the vacancies. We show that only a few percent of vacancies are required for a topological phase transition. The results are confirmed by independent calculations of localization length, density of states, and wave packet dynamics.
description: published version. Open access
Mechanotaxis and mechanoresistance in cancer
Creators: name: Yeldag, Gulcen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a very poor prognosis. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterised by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins which ultimately leads to a stroma with increased stiffness. High stiffness gives rise to perpetuation of the disease through activation of stromal components that further exacerbate disease aetiology. This process is termed as mechanosensing where the cell is able to mechanically sense the external environment resulting in mechanotransduction, which is the conversion of these mechanical cues into biochemical ones leading to intracellular changes that allow cells to adapt to their microenvironment. Studies presented here, focused on pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), fundamental stromal cells that play a critical role in the maintenance of the pancreatic stroma and upholding of tissue homeostasis. In diseased states, PSCs can negatively affect tissue regulation and aid in a positive feedback mechanism to intensify disease pathology. Through rigidity guided migration i.e. durotaxis, cells mechanically sense their substrate and generate forces to migrate to more rigid regions. Here, the fabrication of substrates that mimic the stiffness of healthy and fibrotic tissue which would be seen in vivo in pancreatic cancer, the effect that these substrates have on focal adhesion dynamics and subsequent cell migration is demonstrated. Another major hurdle faced in pancreatic cancer is resistance acquired in response to drug therapy. This resistance can occur in the form of a physical barrier like the fibrotic stroma that hampers effective drug delivery, or drug resistance in response to upregulation of various signalling pathways leading to drug efflux and increased drug metabolism. Gemcitabine is currently the standard chemotherapeutic used to treat pancreatic cancer but many patients acquire resistance to therapy within the first few weeks of treatment. Here, it is shown that using combination therapy gemcitabine and G protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist G1, increased cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation demonstrating that combination therapy could offer a possible therapeutic route in targeting this disease.
Towards Ethical Content-Based Detection of Online Influence Campaigns
Creators: name: Crothers, Evan
name: Japkowicz, Nathalie
name: Viktor, Herna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The detection of clandestine efforts to influence users in online communities is a challenging problem with significant active development. We demonstrate that features derived from the text of user comments are useful for identifying suspect activity, but lead to increased erroneous identifications when keywords over-represented in past influence campaigns are present. Drawing on research in native language identification (NLI), we use "named entity masking" (NEM) to create sentence features robust to this shortcoming, while maintaining comparable classification accuracy. We demonstrate that while NEM consistently reduces false positives when key named entities are mentioned, both masked and unmasked models exhibit increased false positive rates on English sentences by Russian native speakers, raising ethical considerations that should be addressed in future research.
description: To appear in "Special Session on Machine learning for Knowledge Discovery in the Social Sciences" at IEEE Machine Learning for Signal Processing Workshop (MLSP) 2019
High-throughput virtual screening of molecules for photon conversion
Creators: name: Verma, Shomik
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Photovoltaics (PV) have emerged as a prominent technology to generate electricity from sunlight. However, traditional single-junction PV cells such as silicon, thin film PV, and perovskites suffer from an inherent efficiency limit of 33.7%. This is primarily due to two loss mechanisms: sub-bandgap losses, where photons with energy below the bandgap of the PV cell cannot be utilized, and thermalization losses, where photons with excess energy above the bandgap lose their excess en- ergy to heat. Photon conversion materials can help overcome the detailed-balance limit by converting wavelengths of light into energies the solar cell can efficiently absorb. The two common mechanisms for photon conversion are triplet-triplet an- nihilation (TTA) up-conversion and singlet fission (SF) down-conversion. Several molecules have been shown to exhibit TTA or SF, but there could be cheaper or less complex molecules previously overlooked that would be suitable. To identify such chromophores, high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) of large databases is re- quired. Both TTA and SF involve the singlet and triplet excited states of molecules, so knowing these excited state energies is critical. The central issue to HTVS is that limited excited state databases exist, and computational techniques for calculating excited state energies are time-consuming. This thesis aims to solve this issue with various approaches. First, triplet excited state energies are predicted with a machine learning (ML) model trained on a dataset of TD-DFT energies generated with active learning (AL) to ensure the training set size is optimized. While directly predicting energies with ML is fast, there are issues with accuracy and training time. The sec- ond approach calibrates a high-throughput computational chemistry method called xTB-sTDA against TD-DFT with ML. This ensures both high accuracy and low com- putation time. Finally, the third approach applies xTB-ML to a large dataset, using AL to actively suggest candidate chromophores for photon conversion.
Vireonidae Swainson 1837
Creators: name: Somenzari, Marina
name: Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do
name: Cueto, Víctor R.
name: Guaraldo, André de Camargo
name: Jahn, Alex E.
name: Lima, Diego Mendes
name: Lima, Pedro Cerqueira
name: Lugarini, Camile
name: Machado, Caio Graco
name: Martinez, Jaime
name: Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do
name: Pacheco, José Fernando
name: Paludo, Danielle
name: Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti
name: Serafini, Patrícia Pereira
name: Silveira, Luís Fábio
name: Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de
name: Sousa, Nathália Alves de
name: Souza, Manuella Andrade de
name: Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues
name: Whitney, Bret Myers
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Vireonidae

description: Vireonidae   Vireo flavoviridis (VAG): is a visitor from the north that nests in Central America, migrates to northwestern South America in September (Sick, 1997) and overwinters mainly east of the Andes in the Peruvian and Bolivian Amazon and in western Brazil (Brewer & Orenstein,2010). This species has been observed in western AC and specimens have been collected in western AM (Whittaker & Oren, 1999; Whitney & Pacheco, 2000) and in AC (MPEG). There are also photographic records for MT in October and for AC in January and March (WikiAves, 2016).
description: Published as part of Somenzari, Marina, Amaral, Priscilla Prudente do, Cueto, Víctor R., Guaraldo, André de Camargo, Jahn, Alex E., Lima, Diego Mendes, Lima, Pedro Cerqueira, Lugarini, Camile, Machado, Caio Graco, Martinez, Jaime, Nascimento, João Luiz Xavier do, Pacheco, José Fernando, Paludo, Danielle, Prestes, Nêmora Pauletti, Serafini, Patrícia Pereira, Silveira, Luís Fábio, Sousa, Antônio Emanuel Barreto Alves de, Sousa, Nathália Alves de, Souza, Manuella Andrade de, Telino-Júnior, Wallace Rodrigues & Whitney, Bret Myers, 2018, An overview of migratory birds in Brazil, pp. 1-66 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 on page 41, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.03, http://zenodo.org/record/5234679
Percolation, depinning, and avalanches in capillary condensation of gases in disordered porous solids
Creators: name: Rosinberg, M. L.
name: Kierlik, E.
name: Tarjus, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a comprehensive theoretical description of hysteresis in capillary condensation of gases in mesoporous disordered materials. Applying mean-field density functional theory to a coarse-grained lattice-gas model, we show that the morphology of the hysteresis loops is influenced by out-of-equilibrium transitions that are different on filling and on draining. In particular, desorption may be associated to a depinning process and be percolation-like without explicit pore-blocking effects.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures