cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tidally induced bars in dwarf galaxies on different orbits around a Milky Way-like host
Creators: name: Gajda, Grzegorz
name: Lokas, Ewa L.
name: Athanassoula, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bars in galaxies may develop through a global instability or due to an interaction with another system. We study bar formation in disky dwarf galaxies orbiting a Milky Way-like galaxy. We employ $N$-body simulations to study the impact of initial orbital parameters: the size of the dwarf galaxy orbit and the inclination of its disc with respect to the orbital plane. In all cases a bar develops in the center of the dwarf during the first pericenter on its orbit around the host. Between subsequent pericenter passages the bars are stable, but at the pericenters they are usually weakened and shortened. The initial properties and details of the further evolution of the bars depend heavily on the orbital configuration. We find that for the exactly prograde orientation, the strongest bar is formed for the intermediate-size orbit. On the tighter orbit, the disc is too disturbed and stripped to form a strong bar. On the wider orbit, the tidal interaction is too weak. The dependence on the disc inclination is such that weaker bars form in more inclined discs. The bars experience either a very weak buckling or none at all. We do not observe any secular evolution, possibly because the dwarfs are perturbed at each pericenter passage. The rotation speed of the bars can be classified as slow ($R_\mathrm{CR}/l_\mathrm{bar}\sim2-3$). We attribute this to the loss of a significant fraction of the disc's rotation during the encounter with the host galaxy.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, accepted to ApJ
Ballistic transport of interacting Bose particles in the tight-binding chain
Creators: name: Muraev, P. S.
name: Maksimov, D. N.
name: Kolovsky, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that quantum transport of non-interacting Bose particles across the tight-binding chain is ballistic in the sense that the current does not depend on the chain length. We address the question whether the transport of strongly interacting bosons can be ballistic as well. We find such a regime and show that, classically, it corresponds to the synchronized motion of local non-linear oscillators. It is also argued that, unlike the case of non-interacting bosons, the transporting state responsible for the ballistic transport of interacting bosons is metastable, i.e., the current decays in course of time. An estimate for the decay time is obtained.
description: 6 figures, 7 pages
Preheating in an inflationary model with disformal coupling
Creators: name: Karwan, Khamphee
name: Channuie, Phongpichit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the preheating mechanism in a disformally-coupled inflationary model where the scalar field $ϕ$ (which is the inflaton field) naturally coupled to another matter field $χ$ induced by the disformal transformation. In the present scenario, novel derivative interactions mixing the kinetic terms of the two fields emerge inherently. We start by deriving the evolution of the background system when the back reaction on the background field is neglected. We examine the particle production due to parametric resonances in the models and find in Minkowski space that the stage of parametric resonances can be described by the Mathieu equation. Interestingly, we discover that broad resonances in our models can be typically achieved. Finally, we compare our results with previously studied model with derivative couplings.
description: v2: 17 pages, 2 figures, texts modified, more references added, version accepted for publication by Physical Rev. D
Environmentally extended input-output analysis in complex networks: a multilayer approach
Creators: name: Cornaro, Alessandra
name: Rizzini, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we propose a methodology suitable for a comprehensive analysis of the global embodied energy flow trough a complex network approach. To this end, we extend the existing literature, providing a multilayer framework based on the environmentally extended input-output analysis. The multilayer structure, with respect to the traditional approach, allows us to unveil the different role of sectors and economies in the system. In order to identify key sectors and economies, we make use of hub and authority scores, by adapting to our framework an extension of the Kleinberg algorithm, called Multi-Dimensional HITS (MD-HITS). A numerical analysis based on multi-region input-output tables shows how the proposed approach provides meaningful insights.
Mass-Zero constrained dynamics for simulations based on orbital-free density functional theory
Creators: name: Coretti, Alessandro
name: Baird, Taylor J.
name: Vuilleumier, Rodolphe
name: Bonella, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new algorithm for efficient and fully time-reversible integration of first-principles molecular dynamics based on orbital-free density functional theory (OFDFT) is presented. The algorithm adapts to this nontrivial case the recently introduced Mass-Zero (MaZe) constrained dynamics. The formalism ensures that full adiabatic separation is enforced between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom and, consequently, that the exact Born-Oppenheimer probability for the nuclei is sampled. Numerical integration of the MaZe dynamics combines standard molecular dynamics algorithms, e.g. Verlet or velocity Verlet, with the SHAKE method to impose the minimum conditions on the electronic degrees of freedom as a set of constraints. The developments presented in this work, that include a bespoke adaptation of the standard SHAKE algorithm, ensure that the quasilinear scaling of OFDFT is preserved by the new method for a broad range of kinetic and exchange-correlation functionals, including nonlocal ones. The efficiency and accuracy of the approach is demonstrated via calculations of static and dynamic properties of liquid sodium in the constant energy and constant temperature ensembles.
Chemical reactivity under collective vibrational strong coupling
Creators: name: Wang, Derek S.
name: Flick, Johannes
name: Yelin, Susanne F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments of chemical reactions in optical cavities have shown great promise to alter and steer chemical reactions but still remain poorly understood theoretically. In particular the origin of resonant effects between the cavity and certain vibrational modes in the collective limit is still subject to active research. In this paper, we study unimolecular dissociation reactions of many molecules collectively interacting with an infrared cavity mode through their vibrational dipole moment. We find that the reaction rate can slow down by increasing the number of aligned molecules if the cavity mode is resonant with a vibrational frequency of the molecules. We also discover a simple scaling relation that scales with the collective Rabi splitting to estimate the onset of reaction rate modification by collective vibrational strong coupling and numerically demonstrate these effects for up to 10,000 molecules.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Noise representation in residuals of LSQR, LSMR, and CRAIG regularization
Creators: name: Hnětynková, Iveta
name: Kubínová, Marie
name: Plešinger, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A29, 65F10, 65F22

description: Golub-Kahan iterative bidiagonalization represents the core algorithm in several regularization methods for solving large linear noise-polluted ill-posed problems. We consider a general noise setting and derive explicit relations between (noise contaminated) bidiagonalization vectors and the residuals of bidiagonalization-based regularization methods LSQR, LSMR, and CRAIG. For LSQR and LSMR residuals we prove that the coefficients of the linear combination of the computed bidiagonalization vectors reflect the amount of propagated noise in each of these vectors. For CRAIG the residual is only a multiple of a particular bidiagonalization vector. We show how its size indicates the regularization effect in each iteration by expressing the CRAIG solution as the exact solution to a modified compatible problem. Validity of the results for larger two-dimensional problems and influence of the loss of orthogonality is also discussed.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Stabilizing switching signals: a transition from point-wise to asymptotic conditions
Creators: name: Kundu, Atreyee
name: Chatterjee, Debasish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Characterization of classes of switching signals that ensure stability of switched systems occupies a significant portion of the switched systems literature. This article collects a multitude of stabilizing switching signals under an umbrella framework. We achieve this in two steps: Firstly, given a family of systems, possibly containing unstable dynamics, we propose a new and general class of stabilizing switching signals. Secondly, we demonstrate that prior results based on both point-wise and asymptotic characterizations follow our result. This is the first attempt in the switched systems literature where these switching signals are unified under one banner.
description: 7 pages
LiveCellMiner : A New Tool to Analyze Mitotic Progression
Creators: name: Moreno-Andrés, Daniel
name: Bhattacharyya, Anuk
name: Scheufen, Anja
name: Stegmaier, Johannes
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: 37 Seiten (2022). doi:10.1101/2021.11.17.469067
Hospitalization characteristics and predictors of renal failure of inpatients in the United States
Creators: name: Acheampong, Rexford
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: The problem addressed was a renal failure and its association with age, gender, race, SES, number of procedures, insurance type, comorbidities, length of stay, admission type, risk of mortality, type of CKD, illness severity, number of chronic conditions, in a cohort of inpatients in the United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renal failure and length of stay, total charges, and their association with age, gender, race, socioeconomic status (SES), number of procedures, number of diagnoses, and co-morbidities in a cohort of inpatients in the United States. This study's research methodology and design was a quantitative correlational design study. This study’s data collection instrument was archival data of the selected inpatients in the United States. This project targeted the data from NIH datasets for 2010, 2011, and 2012. The resulting quantitative data analysis was conducted using the statistical software suite Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Data analysis established a significant relationship between the length of stay, the total charges and renal failure. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, and the findings demonstrated that both length of stay and the total charge were significantly related to renal failure. Such a finding is highly plausible given renal failure may result in increased hospitalization and accordingly greater amount of care resulting in increased charges as well. The overall research though illuminative of significant predictors for kidney failure is however limited being confined to a retrospective study design and accordingly devoid of any possibilities of making causal inferences as would be possible in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Future research should be conducted using different types of research design including a RCT, a qualitative research design and such toprovide a more comprehensive view of how the length of stay, total charges, age, gender, race, socioeconomic status (SES), number of procedures, number of diagnoses, and comorbidities are all related to renal failure.
Orbital subperiosteal abscess in adolescents and adults: predictors and outcomes of nonsurgical management and surgical approaches
Creators: name: Gibbons, Alison B.
name: Van Brummen, Alexandra
name: Bacorn, Colin
name: Niknahad, Ava
name: Chang, Shu-Hong
name: Jian-Amadi, Arash
name: Chambers, Christopher
name: Zhang, Matthew
name: Li, Emily
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy

description: The aim of this study was to assess predictors and outcomes of subperiosteal abscess (SPA) management in adolescents and adults at two tertiary care centers. This retrospective cohort study included cases of SPA from January 1 2000 to October 9 2022 at two institutions. Patients 9 years or older were categorized into surgical and nonsurgical cohorts. Surgical subgroups included those who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) alone, external (transcutaneous or transconjunctival) orbitotomy alone, or combined FESS and external surgery. The presented features were assessed as potential treatment predictors. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS), final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), readmission rate, and reoperation rate. Of the 159 SPA cases included, 127 (79.9%) underwent surgery and 32 (20.1%) were managed nonsurgically. The nonsurgical cohort was younger (p = .003) with smaller abscesses (p < .001) that were more likely to be medial (p < .001). The nonsurgical cohort had shorter LOS (p < .001); final BCVA and readmission rates were similarly favorable. Abscess location was correlated with surgical approach. Superior SPA that underwent FESS or external surgery alone had higher reoperation rates (57.1.0% and 58.3%, respectively) than combined (17.9%). External approach and FESS alone resulted in lower reoperation rates (15.4% and 15.0%, respectively) than combined (27.3%) for medial SPA. Subgroup analysis in the sinusitis cohort yielded similar results. A trial of nonsurgical management may be safe and effective for select patients aged 9 years and older with sinusitis-derived, medial, and small SPA. When surgery is indicated, approach should be guided by abscess location to minimize reoperation risk.
One-axis twisting as a method of generating many-body Bell correlations
Creators: name: Płodzień, Marcin
name: Lewenstein, Maciej
name: Witkowska, Emilia
name: Chwedeńczuk, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the one-axis twisting (OAT), a versatile method of creating non-classical states of bosonic qubits, is a powerful source of many-body Bell correlations. We develop a fully analytical and universal treatment of the process, which allows us to identify the critical time at which the Bell correlations emerge, and predict the depth of Bell correlations at all subsequent times. Our findings are illustrated with a highly non-trivial example of the OAT dynamics generated using the Bose-Hubbard model.
description: 2 figures
Eternal non-Markovianity is generic for the spin-boson model
Creators: name: Li, Li
name: Hall, Michael J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-boson model describes a qubit coupled to a bosonic bath in thermal equilibrium, and is applicable to a wide range of physical contexts. We show that two weak conditions for the qubit evolution to be Markovian (decreasing system distinguishability and divisibility) are violated at all times t>0, except for a measure-zero set of model parameters. Thus, the recently identified phenomenon of `eternal non-Markovianity' is generic for the spin-boson model. Moreover, there can never be more than one strictly positive decoherence rate, even in the Markovian regime. The main result relies on a recent derivation of the exact form of the master equation. We also show that approximations of the spin-boson model in the literature need not exhibit generic eternal non-Markovianity, indicating the presence of corresponding inherent `Markovian' assumptions.
description: This eprint relies on an 'exact form' for the master equation given recently in https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.020101 . However, the latter result is now in doubt - see the Erratum at https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.95.069908 . Hence, we have withdrawn the eprint
Supplementary Information from A central place foraging seabird flies at right angles to the wind to jointly optimize locomotor and olfactory search efficiency
Creators: name: Ventura, Francesco
name: Catry, Paulo
name: Dias, Maria P.
name: Breed, Greg A.
name: Folch, Arnau
name: Granadeiro, José Pedro
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: To increase the probability of detecting odour plumes, and so increase prey capture success, when winds are stable central place foraging seabirds should fly crosswind to maximize the round-trip distance covered. At present, however, there is no empirical evidence of this theoretical prediction. Here, using an extensive GPS tracking dataset, we investigate, for the first time, the foraging movements of Bulwer's petrels (Bulweria bulwerii) in the persistent North Atlantic trade winds. To test the hypotheses that in stable winds, petrels use crosswind to maximize both the distance covered and the probability of detecting olfactory cues, we combine state-space models, generalized additive models and Gaussian plume models. Bulwer's petrels had the highest degree of selectivity for crosswinds documented to date, often leading to systematic zig-zag flights. Crosswinds maximized both the distance travelled and the probability of detecting odour plumes integrated across the round-trip (rather than at any given point along the route, which would result in energetically costly return flight). This evidence suggests that petrels plan round-trip flights at departure, integrating expected costs of homeward journeys. Our findings, likely true for other seabirds in similar settings, further highlight the critical role of wind in seabird foraging ecology.
Borsuk and Ramsey type questions in Euclidean space
Creators: name: Frankl, Peter
name: Pach, János
name: Reiher, Christian
name: Rödl, Vojtěch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a short survey of problems and results on (1) diameter graphs and hypergraphs, and (2) geometric Ramsey theory. We also make some modest contributions to both areas. Extending a well known theorem of Kahn and Kalai which disproved Borsuk's conjecture, we show that for any integer $r\ge 2$, there exist $\varepsilon=\varepsilon(r)>0$ and $d_0=d_0(r)$ with the following property. For every $d\ge d_0$, there is a finite point set $P\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ of diameter $1$ such that no matter how we color the elements of $P$ with fewer than $(1+\varepsilon)^{\sqrt{d}}$ colors, we can always find $r$ points of the same color, any two of which are at distance $1$.
description: second version addresses changes arising from the referee reports
The Foldy-Lax approximation is valid for nearly resonating frequencies
Creators: name: Alsenafi, Abdulaziz
name: Ghandriche, Ahcene
name: Sini, Mourad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The waves (including acoustic, electromagnetic and elastic ones) propagating in the presence of a cluster of inhomogeneities undergo multiple interactions between them. When these inhomogeneities have sub-wavelength sizes, the dominating field due to the these multiple interactions is the Foldy-Lax field. This field models the interaction between the equivalent point-like scatterers, located at the centers of the small inhomogeneities, with scattering coefficients related to geometrical/material properties of each inhomogeneities, as polarization coefficients. One of the related questions left open for a long time is whether we can reconstruct this Foldy-Lax field from the scattered field measured far away from the cluster of the small inhomogeneities. This is the Foldy-Lax approximation (or Foldy-Lax paradigm). In this work, we show that this approximation is indeed valid as soon as the inhomogeneities enjoy critical scales between their sizes and contrasts. These critical scales allow them to generate resonances which can be characterized and computed. The main result here is that exciting the cluster by incident frequencies which are close to the real parts of these resonances allow us to reconstruct the Fold-Lax field from the scattered waves collected far away from the cluster itself (as the farfields). In short, we show that the Foldy-Lax approximation is valid using nearly resonating incident frequencies. This results is demonstrated by using, as small inhomogeneities, dielectric nanoparticles for the 2D TM model of electromagnetic waves and bubbles for the 3D acoustic waves.
Arbejde, livsstil og sygdomme i hofter og knæ. En spørgeskemaundersøgelse af danske tvillinger 2012
Creators: Institution: Syddansk Universitet, Det sundhedvidenskabelige Fakultet. Primærforsker: Søren Glud Skousgaard
Publisher: name: Rigsarkivet
Year: 2023

description: Er løftearbejde, langvarig gående stående arbejde, knæliggende arbejde eller en kombination af disse risikofaktorer for at udvikle slidgigt (artrose) i hofte og/eller knæ? Er tidligere ledskader i hofte eller knæ risikofaktorer for artrose i hofte eller knæ? Er BMI>25 tidligt i livet en risikofaktor for at udvikle artrose i hofte eller knæ?
Projektets formal er at undersøge relationerne mellem miljø- og arbejdsmæssige risikofaktorer og risiko for kunstig hofteled (Total Hofte Alloplastik (THA)) og kunstig knæled (Total Knæ Alloplastik (TKA)) på grund af slidgigt i henholdsvis hofte og knæ, samt at undersøge, om disse risikofaktor-slidgigt relationer er underlagt genetisk effekt modifikation
Do(es the influence of) empty waves survive in configuration space?
Creators: name: Durt, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The de Broglie-Bohm interpretation is a no-collapse interpretation, which implies that we are in principle surrounded by empty waves generated by all particles of the universe, empty waves that will never collapse. It is common to establish an analogy between these pilot-waves and 3D radio-waves, which are nearly devoided of energy but carry nevertheless information to which we may have access after an amplification process. Here we show that this analogy is limited: if we consider empty waves in configuration space, an effective collapse occurs when a detector clicks and the 3ND empty wave associated to a particle may not influence another particle (even if these two particles are identical, e.g. bosons as in the example considered here).
Neutrino and CP-even Higgs boson masses in a nonuniversal $\mathrm{U}(1)'$ extension
Creators: name: Mantilla, S. F.
name: Martinez, R.
name: Ochoa, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new anomaly-free and family nonuniversal $\mathrm{U}(1)'$ extension of the standard model with the addition of two scalar singlets and a new scalar doublet. The quark sector is extended by adding three exotic quark singlets, while the lepton sector includes two exotic charged lepton singlets, three right-handed neutrinos and three sterile Majorana leptons to obtain the fermionic mass spectrum of the standard model. The lepton sector also reproduces the elements of the PMNS matrix and the squared-mass differences data from neutrino oscillation experiments. Also, analytical relations of the PMNS matrix are derived via the inverse see-saw mechanism, and numerical predictions of the parameters in both normal and inverse order scheme for the mass of the phenomenological neutrinos are obtained. We employed a simple seesaw-like method to obtain analytical mass eigenstates of the CP-even $3\times 3$ mass matrix of the scalar sector.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
The Beam and detector of the NA62 experiment at CERN
Creators: name: NA62 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NA62 is a fixed-target experiment at the CERN SPS dedicated to measurements of rare kaon decays. Such measurements, like the branching fraction of the $K^{+} \rightarrow π^{+} ν\barν$ decay, have the potential to bring significant insights into new physics processes when comparison is made with precise theoretical predictions. For this purpose, innovative techniques have been developed, in particular, in the domain of low-mass tracking devices. Detector construction spanned several years from 2009 to 2014. The collaboration started detector commissioning in 2014 and will collect data until the end of 2018. The beam line and detector components are described together with their early performance obtained from 2014 and 2015 data.
description: Accepted by JINST, few typos fixed, authors.xml file added, 121 pages, 77 figures
Constraint on the light quark mass $m_q$ from QCD Sum Rules in the $I=0$ scalar channel
Creators: name: Yuan, Jia-Min
name: Zhang, Zhu-Feng
name: Steele, T. G.
name: Jin, Hong-Ying
name: Huang, Zhuo-Ran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we reanalyze the $I=0$ scalar channel with the improved Monte-Carlo based QCD sum rules, which combines the rigorous Hölder-inequality-determined sum rule window and a two Breit-Wigner type resonances parametrization for the phenomenological spectral density that satisfies the the low-energy theorem for the scalar form factor. Considering the uncertainties of the QCD parameters and the experimental masses and widths of the scalar resonances $σ$ and $f_0(980)$, we obtain a prediction for light quark mass $m_q(2\,\textrm{GeV})$ = $\frac{1}{2}(m_u(2\,\textrm{GeV})$ + $m_d(2\,\textrm{GeV}))$ = $4.7^{+0.8}_{-0.7}\,\textrm{MeV}$, which is consistent with the PDG (Particle Data Group) value and QCD sum rule determinations in the pseudoscalar channel. This agreement provides a consistent framework connecting QCD sum rules and low-energy hadronic physics. We also obtain the decay constants of $σ$ and $f_0(980)$ at 2 GeV, which are approximately $0.64-0.83$ GeV and $0.40-0.48$ GeV respectively.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in PRD
ATK-ForceField: A New Generation Molecular Dynamics Software Package
Creators: name: Schneider, Julian
name: Hamaekers, Jan
name: Chill, Samuel T.
name: Smidstrup, Søren
name: Bulin, Johannes
name: Thesen, Ralph
name: Blom, Anders
name: Stokbro, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ATK-ForceField is a software package for atomistic simulations using classical interatomic potentials. It is implemented as a part of the Atomistix ToolKit (ATK), which is a Python programming environment that makes it easy to create and analyze both standard and highly customized simulations. This paper will focus on the atomic interaction potentials, molecular dynamics, and geometry optimization features of the software, however, many more advanced modeling features are available. The implementation details of these algorithms and their computational performance will be shown. We present three illustrative examples of the types of calculations that are possible with ATK-ForceField: modeling thermal transport properties in a silicon germanium crystal, vapor deposition of selenium molecules on a selenium surface, and a simulation of creep in a copper polycrystal.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures
Cosmological CP odd axion field as the coherent Berry's phase of the Universe
Creators: name: Ge, Shuailiang
name: Liang, Xunyu
name: Zhitnitsky, Ariel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a dark matter (DM) model offering a very natural explanation of the observed relation, $Ω_{\rm dark} \sim Ω_{\rm visible}$. This generic consequence of the model is a result of the common origin of both types of matter (DM and visible) which are formed during the same QCD transition. The masses of both types of matter in this framework are proportional to one and the same dimensional parameter of the system, $Λ_{\rm QCD}$. The focus of the present work is the detail study of the dynamics of the $\cal{CP}$-odd coherent axion field $a(x)$ just before the QCD transition. We argue that the baryon charge separation effect on the largest possible scales inevitably occurs as a result of merely existence of the coherent axion field in early Universe. It leads to preferential formation of one species of nuggets on the scales of the visible Universe where the axion field $a(x)$ is coherent. A natural outcome of this preferential evolution is that only one type of the visible baryons remains in the system after the nuggets complete their formation. This represents a specific mechanism on how the baryon charge separation mechanism (when the Universe is neutral, but visible part of matter consists the baryons only) replaces the conventional "baryogenesis" scenarios.
description: Matches the published version
Ultraviolet Spectropolarimetric Diagnostics of Hot Star Magnetospheres
Creators: name: ud-Doula, Asif
name: Cheung, M. C. M.
name: David-Uraz, A.
name: Erba, C.
name: Folsom, C. P.
name: Gayley, K.
name: Naze, Y.
name: Neiner, C.
name: Petit, V.
name: Prinja, R.
name: Shultz, M. E.
name: Sudnik, N.
name: Vink, J. S.
name: Wade, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several space missions and instruments for UV spectropolarimetry are in preparation, such as the proposed NASA MIDEX Polstar project, the proposed ESA M mission Arago, and the Pollux instrument on the future LUVOIR-like NASA flagship mission. In the frame of Polstar, we have studied the capabilities these observatories would offer to gain information on the magnetic and plasma properties of the magnetospheres of hot stars, helping us test the fundamental hypothesis that magnetospheres should act to rapidly drain angular momentum, thereby spinning the star down, whilst simultaneously reducing the net mass-loss rate. Both effects are expected to lead to dramatic differences in the evolution of magnetic vs. non-magnetic stars.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2111.06434
Nonlinear exceptional-point lasing with ab-initio Maxwell-Bloch theory
Creators: name: Benzaouia, Mohammed
name: Stone, A. D.
name: Johnson, Steven G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general analysis for finding and characterizing nonlinear exceptional point (EP) lasers above threshold, using steady-state ab-initio Maxwell-Bloch equations. For a system of coupled slabs, we show that a nonlinear EP is obtained for a given ratio between the external pumps in each resonator, and that it is associated with a kink in the output power and lasing frequency, confirming coupled-mode theory predictions. Through numerical linear stability analysis, we confirm that the EP laser can be stable for a large enough inversion relaxation rate. We further show that the EP laser can be characterized by scattering a weak signal off the lasing cavity, so that the scattering frequency spectrum exhibits a quartic divergence. Our approach can be applied to arbitrary scatterers with multi-level gain media.
How Decoherence Affects the Probability of Slow-Roll Eternal Inflation
Creators: name: Boddy, Kimberly K.
name: Carroll, Sean M.
name: Pollack, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slow-roll inflation can become eternal if the quantum variance of the inflaton field around its slowly rolling classical trajectory is converted into a distribution of classical spacetimes inflating at different rates, and if the variance is large enough compared to the rate of classical rolling that the probability of an increased rate of expansion is sufficiently high. Both of these criteria depend sensitively on whether and how perturbation modes of the inflaton interact and decohere. Decoherence is inevitable as a result of gravitationally-sourced interactions whose strength are proportional to the slow-roll parameters. However, the weakness of these interactions means that decoherence is typically delayed until several Hubble times after modes grow beyond the Hubble scale. We present perturbative evidence that decoherence of long-wavelength inflaton modes indeed leads to an ensemble of classical spacetimes with differing cosmological evolutions. We introduce the notion of per-branch observables---expectation values with respect to the different decohered branches of the wave function---and show that the evolution of modes on individual branches varies from branch to branch. Thus single-field slow-roll inflation fulfills the quantum-mechanical criteria required for the validity of the standard picture of eternal inflation. For a given potential, the delayed decoherence can lead to slight quantitative adjustments to the regime in which the inflaton undergoes eternal inflation.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures; v2 reflects peer review process and has new results in Section 5
The SNR Puppis A Revisited with Seven Years of Fermi Large Area Telescope Observations
Creators: name: Xin, Yu-Liang
name: Guo, Xiao-Lei
name: Liao, Neng-Hui
name: Yuan, Qiang
name: Liu, Si-Ming
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Puppis A is a very famous and extensively studied supernova remnant (SNR) that shows strong evidence of shock-cloud interaction. We re-analyze the GeV $γ$-ray emission of it using seven years Pass 8 data recorded by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). The morphology of the $γ$-ray emission is more compatible with that of the thermal X-ray and IR emissions than the radio image, which suggests a possible correlation between the gamma-ray emitting region and dense clouds. The $γ$-ray spectrum in the energy range of 1-500 GeV shows a break at $7.92\pm1.91$ GeV with the photon indices of $1.81\pm0.08$ below the break and $2.53\pm0.12$ above the break, which can naturally explain the lack of TeV $γ$-ray emission from Puppis A. The multi-wavelength observations favor a hadronic origin for the $γ$-ray emission.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Three principles of quantum computing
Creators: name: Ozhigov, Yuri I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The point of building a quantum computer is that it allows to model living things with predictive power and gives the opportunity to control life. Its scaling means not just the improvement of the instrument part, but also, mainly, mathematical and software tools, and our understanding of the QC problem. The first principle of quantum modeling is the reduction of reality to finite-dimensional models similar to QED in optical cavities. The second principle is a strict limitation of the so-called Feynman principle, the number of qubits in the standard formulation of the QC. This means treating decoherence exclusively as a limitation of the memory of a classical modeling computer, and introducing corresponding progressive restrictions on the working area of the Hilbert space of quantum states as the model expands. The third principle is similarity in processes of different nature. The quantum nature of reality is manifested in this principle; its nature is quantum nonlocality, which is the main property that ensures the prospects of quantum physical devices and their radical advantage over classical ones.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, Latex
Bounds on heavy Majorana neutrinos in type-I seesaw and implications for collider searches
Creators: name: Das, Arindam
name: Okada, Nobuchika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino masses and flavor mixings, which are missing in the Standard Model (SM), can be naturally incorporated in the type-I seesaw extension of the SM with heavy Majorana neutrinos being singlet under the SM gauge group. If the heavy Majorana neutrinos are around the electroweak scale and their mixings with the SM neutrinos are sizable, they can be produced at high energy colliders, leaving characteristic signatures with lepton-number violations. Employing the general parametrization for the neutrino Dirac mass matrix in the minimal seesaw scenario, we perform a parameter scan and identify allowed regions to satisfy a variety of experimental constraints from the neutrino oscillation data, the electroweak precision measurements and the lepton-flavor violating processes. We find that the resultant mixing parameters between the heavy neutrinos and the SM neutrinos are more severely constrained than those obtained from the current search for heavy Majorana neutrinos at the LHC. Such parameter regions can be explored at the High-Luminosity LHC and a 100 TeV pp-collider in the future.
description: 19 pages, constraints from the neutrinoless double beta decay discussed, references added, version accepted for publication in PLB
Energy distribution controlled ballistic Josephson junction
Creators: name: Pandey, P.
name: Beckmann, D.
name: Danneau, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an experimental study on the tuning of supercurrent in a ballistic graphene-based Josephson junction by applying a control voltage to a transverse normal channel. In this four-terminal geometry, the control voltage changes the occupation of Andreev states in the Josephson junction, thereby tuning the magnitude of the supercurrent. As a function of gate voltage, we find two different regimes characterized by a double-step distribution and a hot-electron distribution, respectively. Our work opens new opportunities to design highly controllable Josephson junctions for tunable superconducting quantum circuits.
A Study of the Gamma-Ray Burst Fundamental Plane
Creators: name: Dainotti, Maria Giovanna
name: Hernandez, Xavier
name: Postnikov, Sergey
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
name: Obrien, Paul
name: Willingale, Richard
name: Striegel, Stephanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with a plateau phase in their X-ray afterglows obeys a three-dimensional (3D) relation (Dainotti et al. 2016), between the rest-frame time at the end of the plateau, Ta, its corresponding X-ray luminosity, La, and the peak luminosity in the prompt emission, Lpeak, an extension of the two-dimensional Dainotti relation. This 3D relation identifies a GRB fundamental plane whose existence we here confirm. We extend the original analysis with X-ray data untill July 2016 gathering 183 Swift GRBs with afterglow plateaus and known redshifts. We compare several GRB categories, such as shorts with extended emission, SEE, X-ray Flashes, GRBs associated with SNe, a sample of only long-duration GRBs (132), selected from the total sample by excluding GRBs of the previous categories, and the gold sample, composed by GRBs with light curves with good data coverage and relatively flat plateaus. The relation planes for each of these categories are not statistically different from the gold fundamental plane, with the exception of the SEE, which are hence identified as a physically distinct class of objects. The gold fundamental plane has an intrinsic scatter smaller than any plane derived from the other sample categories. Thus, the distance of any particular GRB category from this plane becomes a key parameter. Additionally, we tested this 3D relations by using GRBs observed at high energy, namely the peak luminosity values derived by the Fermi-Gamma Ray Burst Monitor (GBM). The 3D relation is also confirmed for GRBs observed by the GBM, thus showing its independence from the energy range. Furthermore, we computed the several category planes with T*a as a dependent parameter obtaining for each category smaller intrinsic scatters (reaching a reduction of $24\%$ for the long GRBs). The fundamental plane is independent from several prompt and afterglow parameters.
description: 27 pages, 23 figures, 4 Tables, 3 appendices. This paper has been featured by several press releases: http://www.inaf.it/en/inaf-news/gold-grb, the Stanford blog http://kipac-web.stanford.edu/three-dimensional-step-towards-sorting-out-grb-zoo, by Le Scienze http://www.lescienze.it/lanci/2017/10/13/news/inaf_lampi_gamma_per_studiare_la_storia_dell_universo-3709301/, by UNAM and RIKEN press releases
103-Compound Band Structure Benchmark of Post-SCF Spin-Orbit Coupling Treatments in Density-Functional Theory
Creators: name: Huhn, William P.
name: Blum, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantify the accuracy of different non-self-consistent and self-consistent spin-orbit coupling (SOC) treatments in Kohn-Sham and hybrid density-functional theory by providing a band structure benchmark set for the valence and low-lying conduction energy bands of 103 inorganic compounds, covering chemical elements up to Po. Reference energy band structures for the PBE density functional are obtained using the full-potential (linearized) augmented plane wave code Wien2k, employing its self-consistent treatment of SOC including Dirac-like p$^{1/2}$ orbitals in the basis set. We use this benchmark set to benchmark a computationally simpler, non-self-consistent all-electron treatment of SOC based on scalar-relativistic orbitals and numeric atom-centered orbital basis functions. For elements up to Z$\approx$50, both treatments agree virtually exactly. For the heaviest elements considered (Tl, Pb, Bi, Po), the band structure changes due to SOC are captured with a relative deviation of 11% or less. For different density functionals (PBE vs. the hybrid HSE06), we show that the effect of spin-orbit coupling is usually similar but can be dissimilar if the qualitative features of the predicted underlying scalar-relativistic band structures do not agree. All band structures considered in this work are available online via the NOMAD Repository to aid in future benchmark studies and methods development.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, supplemental material included in ancillary files
Production of $Σ(1385)^{\pm}$ and $Ξ(1530)^{0}$ in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances ($Σ(1385)^{\pm}$, $Ξ(1530)^{0}$) produced in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV were measured in the rapidity range $-0.5< y_{\rm{CMS}}<0$ for event classes corresponding to different charged-particle multiplicity densities, $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}η_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$. The mean transverse momentum values are presented as a function of $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}η_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, as well as a function of the particle masses and compared with previous results on hyperon production. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are constant as a function of $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}η_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$. The equivalent ratios to pions exhibit an increase with $\langle{\rm d}N_{\rm{ch}}/{\rm d}η_{\rm{lab}}\rangle$, depending on their strangeness content.
description: 23 pages, 9 captioned figures, 6 tables, authors from page 18, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3353
Lattice QCD spectroscopy for hadronic CP violation
Creators: name: de Vries, Jordy
name: Mereghetti, Emanuele
name: Seng, Chien-Yeah
name: Walker-Loud, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interpretation of nuclear electric dipole moment (EDM) experiments is clouded by large theoretical uncertainties associated with nonperturbative matrix elements. In various beyond-the-Standard Model scenarios nuclear and diamagnetic atomic EDMs are expected to be dominated by CP-violating pion-nucleon interactions that arise from quark chromo-electric dipole moments. The corresponding CP-violating pion-nucleon coupling strengths are, however, poorly known. In this work we propose a strategy to calculate these couplings by using spectroscopic lattice QCD techniques. Instead of directly calculating the pion-nucleon coupling constants, a challenging task, we use chiral symmetry relations that link the pion-nucleon couplings to nucleon sigma terms and mass splittings that are significantly easier to calculate. In this work, we show that these relations are reliable up to next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion in both SU(2) and SU(3) chiral perturbation theory. We conclude with a brief discussion about practical details regarding the required lattice QCD calculations and the phenomenological impact of an improved understanding of CP-violating matrix elements.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures; v2 version accepted for publication