cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Burden of Blindness and Vision Impairment in the Middle East and North Africa: A Global Burden of Disease 2019 Perspective
Creators: name: Qaddoumi, Ansam
name: Sultan, Yaseen
name: Wahbe, Ahmad
name: Zayed, Nowar
name: Zaatreh, Mohammad
name: Alani, Ruba
name: Edilbi, Adib
name: Sultan, Iyad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: This study analyzes the prevalence, causes, and distribution of blindness and moderate-to-severe vision impairment (MSVI) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 dataset. The GBD 2019 dataset was used to analyze vision impairment across 21 countries in MENA according to the Snellen chart classification (moderate vision impairment with presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18, severe impairment worse than 6/60, blindness worse than 3/60). Age-standardized prevalence and regional variations were compared to global averages. An exponential linear regression model was used to forecast MSVI and blindness in the year 2050. As of 2019, approximately 37.2 million people in MENA experienced blindness or vision loss. Although the age-standardized prevalence of vision impairment and blindness in MENA decreased from 1990 to 2019 due to improvements in healthcare, the absolute number has almost doubled (18.58 million in 1990 to 37.19 million in 2019) due to population growth and aging. Between 1990 to 2019, the population aged 70 and older in MENA grew from 7.2 million to over 19.2 million. Lastly, our predictions indicate an 86% increase in the number of individuals with vision loss by 2050. The largest causes of moderate vision loss were refractive errors and cataracts, respectively, while the major causes of blindness were cataracts and glaucoma, respectively. The projection of increased vision impairment by 2050 underscores the urgent need for policy changes and efficient resource distribution to improve healthcare access and interventions.
CLT theories and practices in EFL curricula: A case study of Korea
Creators: name: Yoon, Kyung-Eun
Publisher: name: Asian EFL Journal
Year: 2004

description: This study investigates the theories and practices of communicative language teaching (CLT) in the EFL curriculum in Korea. Based on recent research on second/foreign language learning, CLT has been widely accepted as an effective way of teaching in ESL/EFL contexts. In an EFL situation, the Korean Ministry of Education have also realized the importance of CLT and made significant attempts to implement CLT through recent changes in the national English curricula. This study, in an effort to present a concrete picture of how CLT is implemented and utilized in an EFL context, discusses which specific CLT approach provides the theoretical basis for the recent national English curricula in Korea and how the curriculum contents are actualized based on the theories. Based on this discussion, this study aims to suggest a desirable future direction for curriculum development in EFL contexts where national curricula are essential in formal education.
Predictors of Referral to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients following Hospitalisation with Heart Failure: A Multivariate Regression Analysis
Creators: name: Giuliano, C
name: Vicendese, Don
name: Vogrin, S
name: Lane, R
name: Driscoll, A
name: Dinh, D
name: Palmer, K
name: Levinger, I
name: Neil, C
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 320199
subject: Cardiovascular medicine and haematology not elsewhere classified

description: Background: This exploratory observational case–control study investigated the rate of referral to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) among patients hospitalised with heart failure (HF) and identified factors associated with referral. Methods: Patients hospitalised with HF as identified by the Victorian Cardiac Outcomes Registry HF study were included. Factors found to be univariately associated with referral were selected for multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 1281 patients (mean age: 76.9 years; 32.8% HFrEF and 33.9% HfpEF), 125 (9.8%) were referred to CR. Patients referred were younger (73.6 (2.7, 81.5) vs. 80.2 (71.1, 86.5) p < 0.001) and were more likely to be men (72%, p < 0.001). Factors associated with referral included inpatient percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.04–10.48; p = 0.04), an aetiology of ischaemic or rhythm-related cardiomyopathy, and anticoagulants prescribed on discharge. Factors that lowered the likelihood of referral included older age, female, receiving inpatient oxygen therapy, and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or anaemia. Conclusions: The rate of referral to CR following hospitalisation with HF is low. Shortfalls are particularly evident among females, older patients, and in those with COPD or anaemia. Future studies should focus on improving referral processes and translating proven strategies that increase referrals to CR into practice.
Lyapunov Stability of Complementarity and Extended Systems
Creators: name: Camlibel, M. Kanat
name: Pang, Jong?Shi
name: Shen, Jinglai
Publisher: name: SIAM
Year: 2007

description: A linear complementarity system (LCS) is a hybrid dynamical system defined by a linear time-invariant ordinary differential equation coupled with a finite-dimensional linear complementarity problem (LCP). The present paper is the first of several papers whose goal is to study some fundamental issues associated with an LCS. Specifically, this paper addresses the issue of Zeno states and the related issue of finite number of mode switches in such a system. The cornerstone of our study is an expansion of a solution trajectory to the LCS near a given state in terms of an observability degree of the state. On the basis of this expansion and an inductive argument, we establish that an LCS satisfying the P-property has no strongly Zeno states. We next extend the analysis for such an LCS to a broader class of problems and provide sufficient conditions for a given state to be weakly non-Zeno. While related mode-switch results have been proved by Brunovsky and Sussmann for more general hybrid systems, our analysis exploits the special structure of the LCS and yields new results for the latter that are of independent interest and complement those by these two and other authors.
Linear Complementarity Systems: Zeno States
Creators: name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Pang, Jong-Shi
Publisher: name: SIAM
Year: 2005

description: Conewise linear systems are dynamical systems in which the state space is partitioned into a finite number of nonoverlapping polyhedral cones on each of which the dynamics of the system is described by a linear differential equation. This class of dynamical systems represents a large number of piecewise linear systems, most notably, linear complementarity systems with the P?property and their generalizations to affine variational systems, which have many applications in engineering systems and dynamic optimization. The challenges of dealing with this type of hybrid system are due to two major characteristics: mode switchings are triggered by state evolution, and states are constrained in each mode. In this paper, we first establish the absence of Zeno states in such a system. Based on this fundamental result, we then investigate and relate several state observability notions: short?time and T?time (or finite?time) local/global observability. For the short?time observability notions, constructive, finitely verifiable algebraic (both sufficient and necessary) conditions are derived. Due to their long?time mode?transitional behavior, which is very difficult to predict, only partial results are obtained for the T?time observable states. Nevertheless, we completely resolve the T?time local observability for the bimodal conewise linear system, for finite T, and provide numerical examples to illustrate the difficulty associated with the long?time observability.
Stability and Stabilization of Relative Equilibria of Dumbbell Bodies in Central Gravity
Creators: name: Sanyal, Amit K.
name: Shen, Jinglai
name: McClamroch, N. Harris
name: Bloch, Anthony M.
Publisher: name: AIAA
Year: 2005
Subjects: Artificial Gravity
Asteroids
Attitude Dynamics
Attitude Kinematics
Closed Loop System
Feedback Control System
Four Degree of Freedom
Kinetic Energy
Right Ascension
Spacecraft Models

description: A dumbbell-shaped rigid body can be used to represent certain large spacecraft or asteroids with bimodal mass distributions. Such a dumbbell body is modeled as two identical mass particles connected by a rigid, massless link. Equations of motion for the five degrees of freedom of the dumbbell body in a central gravitational field are obtained. The equations of motion characterize three orbit degrees of freedom, two attitude degrees of freedom, and the coupling between them. The system has a continuous symmetry due to a cyclic variable associated with the angle of right ascension of the dumbbell body. Reduction with respect to this symmetry gives a reduced system with four degrees of freedom. Relative equilibria, corresponding to circular orbits, are obtained from these reduced equations of motion; the stability of these relative equilibria is assessed. It is shown that unstable relative equilibria can be stabilized by suitable attitude feedback control of the dumbbell.
title: Mathematical Models for the Triaxial Attitude Control Testbed
title: Equations of Motion for the Triaxial Attitude Control Testbed
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Cho, Sangbum
name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Mcclamroch, N. Harris
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2010

description: The Triaxial Attitude Control Testbed has been developed as part of a research program at the University of Michigan on multibody rotational dynamics and control. In this paper, equations of motion are derived and presented in various forms. Actuation mechanisms are incorporated into the models; these include fan actuators, reaction wheel actuators and proof mass actuators that are fixed to the triaxial base body. The models also allow incorporation of unactuated auxiliary bodies that are constrained to move relative to the triaxial base body. The models expose the dynamic coupling between the rotational motion of the triaxial base body, the relative or shape motion of the unactuated auxiliary degrees of freedom, and dynamics associated with actuation mechanisms. Many different model simplifications and approximations are developed. Control models for the triaxial attitude control testbed are formulated that reflect specific assumptions.
Additional file 1 of Seeking adverse effects in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: a cross-sectional study (part 1)
Creators: name: Steegmans, Pauline A. J.
name: Di Girolamo, Nicola
name: Bipat, Shandra
name: Reynders, Reint A. Meursinge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. STROBE Statement: Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies [25].
Additional file 1 of Clinicopathological characteristics of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients with c-MET exon 14 skipping mutation, MET overexpression and amplification
Creators: name: Ding, Caixia
name: Qiu, Yanyi
name: Zhang, Juan
name: Wei, Wei
name: Gao, Hongbian
name: Yuan, Yong
name: Wang, Xiaomin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Epstein-Barr virus infection and toll-like receptor 9 gene variants affect the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Shamohammadi, Fatemeh Nezhad
name: Daryabor, Gholamreza
name: Ataollahi, Mohammad Reza
name: Meri, Seppo
name: Eklund, Kari K.
name: Kalantar, Kurosh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Virology

description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a prolonged autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects joints. Several genetic and environmental factors can increase the risk of RA. This study aimed to investigate the possible associations between toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection as an environmental trigger and their synergistic effects in the development of RA. 213 RA patients and 235 controls participated in this study. TLR9 SNPs rs187084 and rs352140 were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) while EBV DNA was determined by real-time PCR. The frequency of rs352140 CT genotype and TT+CT genotypes combination was higher in controls (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02 respectively). Furthermore, the TC/TC haplotype combination and EBV infection were more frequently detected in RA patients (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04 respectively). Moreover, a higher frequency of the rs187084 C allele was observed in EBV+ healthy subjects, especially in EBV+ healthy females compared to EBV+ RA females (p = 0.05 and p = 0.04 respectively). EBV infection and TC/TC haplotype combination might act as a susceptibility factor for RA while rs352140 CT genotype and rs352140 TT+CT genotype combination might be protective among Iranian individuals.
Additional file 1 of Ventricular global function index is associated with clinical outcomes in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Creators: name: Ta, Hieu T.
name: Critser, Paul J.
name: Schäfer, Michal
name: Ollberding, Nicholas J.
name: Taylor, Michael D.
name: Di Maria, Michael V.
name: Hirsch, Russel
name: Ivy, D. Dunbar
name: Frank, Benjamin S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Univariate associations of CMR Variables to 6MWT and NT-proBNP. Table S2. Demographic and CMR data for study cohort and death sub-cohort. Table S3. Univariate Cox analysis for death. Table S4. Demographic and CMR data for WHO group 1 sub-cohort. Table S5. Univariate Cox Analysis with CAO, WHO Group I.
Additional file 3 of Seeking adverse effects in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: a cross-sectional study (part 1)
Creators: name: Steegmans, Pauline A. J.
name: Di Girolamo, Nicola
name: Bipat, Shandra
name: Reynders, Reint A. Meursinge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 3. Included reviews.
Additional file 4 of Seeking adverse effects in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: a cross-sectional study (part 1)
Creators: name: Steegmans, Pauline A. J.
name: Di Girolamo, Nicola
name: Bipat, Shandra
name: Reynders, Reint A. Meursinge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 4. Excluded studies.
ROBUST DYNAMIC INVERSION DESIGN OF MANEUVERABLE FLIGHT COMMAND TRACKING SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Jinglai, Shen
name: Jinyuan, Gao
Publisher: name: Beijing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics
Year: 1998

description: The design of a maneuverable flight command tracking system using nonlinear dynamic inversion is briefly introduced at first. And then a robust controller to improve the robustness of dynamic inversion is designed using the method of ? analysis and synthesis. The detailed design process and results are presented. Simulations show that the robust dynamic inversion controller yields good results.
Additional file 2 of Seeking adverse effects in systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: a cross-sectional study (part 1)
Creators: name: Steegmans, Pauline A. J.
name: Di Girolamo, Nicola
name: Bipat, Shandra
name: Reynders, Reint A. Meursinge
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 2. A. Differences between the protocol and the completed cross-sectional study. B. Selected journals and their 2018 impact factor (Clarivate Analytics 2021). C. Data collection forms*. D. Adverse effects hypothetically linked to orthodontic interventions according to Preoteasa et al. [24]*. E. Adverse effects hypothetically linked to orthodontic interventions*.
Characterization of a virulent bacteriophage consortium targeting Enterobacteriaceae from inflamed preterm gut mucosa
Creators: name: Spiegelhauer, Malene Roed
name: Offersen, Simone Margaard
name: Krych, Lukasz
name: Nielsen, Dennis Sandris
name: Gambino, Michela
name: Brunse, Anders
name: Nguyen, Duc Ninh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Preterm infants are susceptible to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), which is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis with increased Pseudomonadota abundance. Bacteriophages (phages) are essential components of the gut microbiome, but their role in intestinal protection remains unclear. This study aims to isolate and characterize phages targeting Enterobacteriaceae with potential to use as a NEC-preventive therapy. Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from the ileal mucosa of preterm piglets with NEC-like pathology. Fecal filtrates from healthy donors were screened for growth-inhibitory capacity against these strains, and isolated phages were characterized by whole-genome sequencing, electron microscopy, host receptor profiling, and immunogenic response in THP-1 macrophages. A selected phage was orally administered to two-day-old piglets to evaluate its safety and gastrointestinal survival. A consortium of 10 phages targeting NEC-associated bacteria was defined, spanning five Caudoviricetes genera, and displaying three morphologies. The phages modulated both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in THP-1 cells. In vivo administration of a selected phage was well tolerated in newborn piglets, with viable phages and their DNA recovered from ileum and colon. This study demonstrates the isolation of phages targeting NEC-associated bacteria, and supports further exploration of phage therapy as a prophylactic strategy against NEC.
Stabilization of Switched Linear Systems Using Continuous Control Input against Known Adversarial Switching
Creators: name: Hu, Jianghai
name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Lee, Donghwan
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018
Subjects: Games
Linear systems
Lyapunov methods
State feedback
Switches
Upper bound

description: 2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA),12-15 June, Anchorage, AK, USA
description: The problem of designing continuous control input to stabilize switched linear control systems against adversarial switching is studied. It is assumed that the continuous controller has access to the current switching mode and can be of the form of an ensemble of mode-dependent state feedback controllers. The fastest stabilizing rate under the given information structure is proposed as a quantitative metric of the system's stabilizability, and its bounds are derived using seminorms. Computation algorithms for the stabilizing rate are developed and illustrated through examples.
A novel ML-driven test case selection approach for enhancing the performance of grammatical evolution
Creators: name: Gupt, Krishn Kumar
name: Kshirsagar, Meghana
name: Mota Dias, Douglas
name: Sullivan, Joseph P.
name: Ryan, Conor
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4612
subject: Software engineering

description: Computational cost in metaheuristics such as Evolutionary Algorithm (EAs) is often a major concern, particularly with their ability to scale. In data-based training, traditional EAs typically use a significant portion, if not all, of the dataset for model training and fitness evaluation in each generation. This makes EA suffer from high computational costs incurred during the fitness evaluation of the population, particularly when working with large datasets. To mitigate this issue, we propose a Machine Learning (ML)-driven Distance-based Selection (DBS) algorithm that reduces the fitness evaluation time by optimizing test cases. We test our algorithm by applying it to 24 benchmark problems from Symbolic Regression (SR) and digital circuit domains and then using Grammatical Evolution (GE) to train models using the reduced dataset. We use GE to test DBS on SR and produce a system flexible enough to test it on digital circuit problems further. The quality of the solutions is tested and compared against state-of-the-art and conventional training methods to measure the coverage of training data selected using DBS, i.e., how well the subset matches the statistical properties of the entire dataset. Moreover, the effect of optimized training data on run time and the effective size of the evolved solutions is analyzed. Experimental and statistical evaluations of the results show our method empowered GE to yield superior or comparable solutions to the baseline (using the full datasets) with smaller sizes and demonstrates computational efficiency in terms of speed.
Changes to the amino acid profile and proteome of the tropical freshwater microalga Chlorella sp. in response to copper stress
Creators: name: Shakya, Manisha
name: Silvester, Ewen
name: Rees, Gavin
name: Rajapaksha, KH
name: Faou, P
name: Holland, Aleicia
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 321407
subject: Toxicology (incl. clinical toxicology)

description: Contamination of freshwaters is increasing globally, with microalgae considered one of the most sensitive taxa to metal pollution. Here, we used 72 h bioassays to explore the biochemical effects of copper (Cu) on the amino acid (AA) profile and proteome of Chlorella sp. and advance our understanding of the molecular changes that occur in algal cells during exposure to environmentally realistic Cu concentrations. The Cu concentrations required to inhibit algal growth rate by 10% (EC10) and 50% (EC50) were 1.0 (0.7–1.2) µg L−1 and 2.0 (1.9–2.4) µg L−1, respectively. The AA profile of Chlorella sp. showed increases in glycine and decreases in isoleucine, leucine, valine, and arginine, with increasing Cu. Proteomic analysis revealed the modulation of several proteins involved in energy production pathways, including: photosynthesis, carbon fixation, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation, which likely assists in meeting increased energy demands under Cu-stressed conditions. Copper exposure also caused up-regulation of cellular processes and signalling proteins, and the down-regulation of proteins related to ribosomal structure and protein translation. These changes in biomolecular pathways have direct effects on the AA profile and total protein content and provide an explanation for the observed changes in amino acid profile, cell growth and morphology. This study shows the complex mode of action of Cu on Chlorella under environmentally realistic Cu concentrations and highlights several potential biomarkers for future investigations.
The Challenge of Setting “Climate Ready” Ecological Targets for Environmental Flow Planning
Creators: name: Judd, Meegan
name: Bond, Nick
name: Horne, AC
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 410499
subject: Environmental management not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310304
subject: Freshwater ecology

description: Implementing environmental flows has emerged as a major river management tool for addressing the impacts of hydrologic alteration in large river systems. The “natural flow paradigm” has been a central guiding principle for determining important ecohydrological relationships. Yet, climate change and associated changes in rainfall run off relationships, seasonality of flows, disruptions to food webs and species life cycle cues mean these existing relationships will, in many circumstances, become obsolete. Revised thinking around setting ecological objectives is required to ensure environmental management targets are achievable, particularly in regions where water scarcity is predicted to increase. Through this lens “climate ready” targets are those that are robust to changing water availability or incorporate future adaptation options. Future objective setting should be based around the inclusion of changing climate and water availability, and the associated species and ecosystem vulnerabilities, and expected outcomes under different policy and adaptation options. This paper uses south eastern Australia as a case study region to review the extent to which current water management plans include climate considerations and adaptation in objective setting. Results show untested climate adaptation inclusions, and a general lack of acknowledgement of changing hydrological and ecological conditions in existing management plans. In response this paper presents a process for setting objectives so they can be considered “climate ready.”.
Stabilizing switched linear systems under adversarial switching
Creators: name: Hu, Jianghai
name: Lee, Dong-Hwan
name: Shen, Jinglai
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2015
Subjects: Conferences
Knowledge engineering
Linear systems
Switched systems
Switches
Switching frequency

description: 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 15-18 December 2015, Osaka, Japan
description: The problem of stabilizing discrete-time switched linear control systems using continuous input by the user and against adversarial switching by an adversary is studied. It is assumed that the adversary has the advantage in that at each time it knows the user's decision on the continuous control input but not vice versa. Stabilizability conditions and bounds on the fastest stabilizing rates are derived. Examples are given to illustrate the results.
Vastsündinul äkki tekkinud šokiseisund osutus perifeerselt sisestatud tsentraalveeni kateetri põhjustatud südametamponaadiks: juhtumi kirjeldus koos käsitlussoovitustega
Creators: name: Afanasjev, Artjom
name: Andresson, Pille
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2025

description: Perifeerselt sisestatud tsentraalveeni kateetri paigaldamine on laialt kasutatud ravivõte enneaegsete vastsündinute ravis. Südametamponaad on selle protseduuri üliharva esinev, kuid tõsine tüsistus, mis põhjustab suurt suremust, kui seda õigel ajal ei diagnoosita ega ravita. Artiklis on kirjeldatud südametamponaadi juhtu enneaegsel vastsündinul, selle objektiivset leidu ja kulgu ning edukat käsitlust. Artikli eesmärk on rõhutada valvsuse säilitamist tsentraalveeni kateetriga haige jälgimisel, kirjeldada südametamponaadi varaseid tunnuseid ja patsiendi käsitlust tema seisundi järsu halvenemise korral.
description: Eesti Arst, 2025: Märts
Teaduspõhiselt probiootikumidest: kas innovatiivsus on jõudnud probiootikumide rakendamiseni?
Creators: name: Mikelsaar, Marika
name: Songisepp, Epp
name: Mändar, Reet
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2025

description: Inimese mikroobikoosluste olemasolu on teada üle sajandi. Samapalju on aega kulunud inimesega kaasas olevate kasulike bakterite kohta teadmiste hankimiseks ja uudsete arusaamiste tekkeks, kuidas neid tervise heaks rakendada. Nüüdseks on olemas hulk teadmisi, millest mõnda on võimalik praktiliselt rakendada, samas on väga palju veel uurida ja avastada. Artikkel algab teemaga seotud mõistete meenutamisega (mikrofloora, mikrobioota, mikrobioom, probiootikum, prebiootikum, sünbiootikum, postbiootikum), samuti antakse ülevaade probiootikumidega seotud regulatsioonidest. Järgneb ülevaade Eestis välja töötatud ja Eestis kasutusel olevatest probiootikumidest – see on info, mille pärast käesolev artikkel sündis. Nimelt on kõikidel täienduskursustel, kus mikrobiootat käsitletakse, tekkinud osalejatel küsimus, milliseid probiootikume oma patsientidele soovitada. Seejärel antakse ülevaade probiootikumide väljatöötamise etappidest ning nende ökoloogilisest toimeprintsiibist. Lõpuks käsitletakse probiootikumide ja antibiootikumide kooskasutuse võimalusi.
description: Eesti Arst, 2025: Märts
Eesti koolinoorte kuulmistundlikkus
Creators: name: Tereping, Avo-Rein
name: Vill, Sandra
Publisher: name: Eesti Arst
Year: 2025

description: Taust ja eesmärk. WHO hinnangul on viimaste aastakümnete jooksul märgatavalt suurenenud noorte hulk, kelle kuuldelävi kõrgematel helisagedustel on tõusnud. Puudub ülevaade selle levimusest noorte seas Eestis. Uuringu eesmärk oli saada statistiliselt usaldusväärseid andmeid noorte kuulmisläve ja muusika kuulamise harjumuste kohta Eestis. Uuringu käigus mõõdeti Eesti 9. klasside õpilaste kuulmislävesid toonaudiomeetrilisel meetodil.
Metoodika. Mõõtmised viidi läbi aastatel 2019–2023. Toonaudiomeetrilisel meetodil määrati 9. klasside õpilaste kuulmisläved sagedusvahemikus 1000–8000 hertsi (Hz). Samuti täitsid nad lühiankeedi oma kuulmisharjumuste kohta. Valimiks oli 946 õpilast 17 koolist.
Tulemused. Valimi keskmine kuulmislävi oli sagedusel 6 ja 8 kHz vastavalt 6 ja 8 dB HL. Ühepoolne kuulmisläve tõus ≥ 25 dB sagedusel 6000 Hz esines 4,13%-l ja sagedusel 8000 Hz 4,44%-l valimist. Sagedusel 3000 Hz esines statistiliselt oluline valimi keskmine kuulmisläve tõus võrreldes naabersagedustega (nn Colesi hammas), mis viitab akustilise ülekoormuse võimalusele. Kuulmisläve tõus ≥ 10 dB sagedusel 3000 Hz võrreldes sagedustega 2000 ja 4000 Hz esines 5,48%-l kogu valimist. Leiti nõrk, kuid statistiliselt oluline seos päeva jooksul kõrvaklappide kasutamise aja ja kuulmisläve tõusu vahel sagedusel 3000 Hz (r = 0,132; p < 0,01). Küsitluses antud vastuste põhjal peab 69,45% vastanutest kontsertide heli liiga valjuks; 52,11% arvas, et kinodes on heli vahel liiga vali. Vaid 15,9% vastanutest kasutab või on kasutanud mürarohketes kohtades kõrvatroppe.
Järeldused. Uuritavatel esineb kuulmislävede tõus sagedusel 3000–8000 Hz, kõrvaklappide keskmine kasutusaeg muusika kuulamiseks päevas on noorte puhul kõrge, mis suurendab kuulmislanguse riski. Samuti on tinnituse esinemise sagedus kõrge, mis viitab võimalikele algavatele kuulmisprobleemidele.
description: Eesti Arst, 2025: Märts
What sways public opinion? An experimental study on moral vs. evidence-based arguments for drug harm reduction
Creators: name: López, Pamela Ruiz Flores
name: Hiza, Óscar Sánchez
name: Zizumbo-Colunga, Daniel
name: Lathrop, Rocío Cruz
name: Salazar, Juan Camilo Vásquez
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Unlike evidence-based approaches, public drug policies are shaped more by political factors, with public opinion playing a key role. We hypothesized that using moral arguments in favor of harm reduction would carry greater levels of support in public opinion over empirical evidence arguments in favor of harm reduction. Methods: Based on the experimental methodology embedded within an omnibus survey, we employed a convenience sample consisting of 635 observations, with the survey conducted in Mexico. Participants were presented with either a moral or empirical evidence argument in favor of harm reduction. They then answered questions regarding their support for harm reduction (Support), willingness to donate to a harm reduction NGO (Donation), and willingness to vote for a candidate who supports harm reduction (Vote). Results: Willingness to donate to harm reduction was associated with moral arguments’, and we found that conservatives showed greater support for harm reduction when presented with a moral argument. Conclusion: The use of moral arguments in favor of harm reduction is related to greater public support. These results have significant implications for attracting donations to harm reduction organizations and to improve the acceptance of conservatives of measures related to the model.
Additional file 1 of Patient journey for hypertension and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: highlighting the evidence gaps
Creators: name: Amir, Ashraf
name: Alasnag, Mirvat
name: Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
name: Al-Bassam, Tawfik
name: Saeed, Kanwal
name: Yazıcıoğlu, Mehmet
name: Shabana, Ayman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Definitions for each patient journey touchpoints for hypertension and dyslipidemia.
‘I can't go, I can't afford it’: Financial concern amongst health students undertaking rural and remote placements during COVID-19
Creators: name: Jessup, B
name: Hoang, H
name: Podubinski, T
name: Obamiro, K
name: Bourke, L
name: Hellwege, B
name: Jatrana, S
name: Heaney, S
name: Farthing, A
name: Sheepway, Lyndal
name: Rasiah, R
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 420699
subject: Public health not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education

description: Introduction: As the coronavirus pandemic unfolded during 2020, widespread financial uncertainty emerged amongst university students across the globe. What is not yet clear is how Australian health students were financially impacted during the initial stages of the pandemic and whether this influenced their ability to undertake planned rural or remote placements. Objective: To examine (a) financial concern amongst health students during COVID-19, (b) the financial implications of changes to planned rural or remote placements and (c) the impact of these factors on students' ability to undertake placements during the pandemic. Design: Mixed-methods design involving an online survey (n = 1210) and semi-structured interviews (n = 29). Nursing, medical and allied health students with a planned University Department of Rural Health-facilitated rural or remote placement between February and October 2020 were invited to participate. Findings: 54.6% of surveyed students reported financial concern during COVID-19. Financial concern correlated with both changes in financial position and employment, with 36.6% of students reporting a reduction in income and 43.1% of students reporting a reduction in, or cessation of regular employment. Placement changes yielded a range of financial implications. Cancelled placements saved some students travel and accommodation costs, but left others out of pocket if these expenses were prepaid. Placements that went ahead often incurred increased accommodation costs due to limited availability. Financial concern and/or financial implications of placement changes ultimately prevented some students from undertaking their rural or remote placement as planned. Discussion: Many nursing, allied health and medical students expressed financial concern during COVID-19, associated with a loss of regular employment and income. Placement changes also presented unforeseen financial burden for students. These factors ultimately prevented some students from undertaking their planned rural or remote placement. Conclusion: Universities need to consider how best to align financially burdensome placements with the personal circumstances of students during periods of economic uncertainty.
Convex regression via penalized splines: A complementarity approach
Creators: name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Wang, Xiao
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2012
Subjects: Decision support systems
Estimation
Indexes
Least squares approximation
Shape
Splines (mathematics)
Vectors

description: 2012 American Control Conference (ACC),27-29 June 2012,Montreal, QC, Canada
description: Estimation of a convex function is an important shape restricted nonparametric inference problem with broad applications. In this paper, penalized splines (or simply P-splines) are exploited for convex estimation. The paper is devoted to developing an asymptotic theory of a class of P-spline convex estimators using complementarity techniques and asymptotic statistics. Due to the convex constraints, the optimality conditions of P-splines are characterized by nons-mooth complementarity conditions. A critical uniform Lipschitz property is established for optimal spline coefficients. This property yields boundary consistency and uniform stochastic boundedness. Using this property, the P-spline estimator is approximated by a two-step estimator based on the corresponding least squares estimator, and its asymptotic behaviors are obtained using asymptotic statistic techniques.
Differences in overdose rates by gender at supervised consumption services: an explanatory sequential mixed methods study
Creators: name: Muel, Eron
name: Fan, Edward
name: Ginn, Carla
name: Jackson, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Gender differences have been reported regarding patterns of drug use associated with opioid use disorder. In this study, we aimed to identify if gender trends exist in local supervised consumption sites (SCS) overdose data and to understand reasons for gender differences in overdoses from the perceptions of SCS healthcare professionals. A mixed-methods study was conducted at a single SCS. We analyzed 35,777 total visits by SCS clients and interviewed five SCS staff. We assessed overdose rates and naloxone administration, oxygen administration, and emergency medical services (EMS) called. We used Braun and Clark’s reflexive thematic analysis for interview data. Among the clinic visits, the frequency of overdoses across the total number of SCS visits was 662, with similar frequency for males and females. When comparing rates of oxygen administration, naloxone administration, and calling EMS, the frequency of all three interventions was higher for males compared to females. Participants attributed these discrepancies to physiological differences between genders and different gender norms that influenced behavior in the SCS. Gendered differences impact how men and women utilize and receive SCS care. Staff can be aware of these trends when supporting clients in SCS. No clinical trial registration
Additional file 2 of Patient journey for hypertension and dyslipidemia in Saudi Arabia: highlighting the evidence gaps
Creators: name: Amir, Ashraf
name: Alasnag, Mirvat
name: Al-Raddadi, Rajaa
name: Al-Bassam, Tawfik
name: Saeed, Kanwal
name: Yazıcıoğlu, Mehmet
name: Shabana, Ayman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Complete search strategy with keywords and Boolean operators along with inclusion and exclusion criteria for hypertension and dyslipidemia.
Semistability of switched linear systems with applications to distributed sensor networks: A generating function approach
Creators: name: Shen, Jinglai
name: Hu, Jianghai
name: Hui, Qing
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2012
Subjects: Asymptotic stability
Convergence
Heuristic algorithms
Linear systems
Stability analysis
Switches
Trajectory

description: 2011 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference, 12-15 December 2011, Orlando, FL, USA
description: This paper investigates semistability of discrete-time, switched linear systems under both deterministic and random switching policies. The notion of semistability pertains to a continuum of initial state dependent equilibria and has found wide applications such as consensus problems in multi-agent systems. The main contributions of the paper are three folds. First, we show that exponential semistability on a common equilibrium space is equivalent to output exponential stability of the switched linear system with a suitably defined output, under both arbitrary and random switchings. Further, their convergence rates are shown to be identical. Second, it is shown that output stability and its convergence rates can be efficiently characterized via the recently developed generating function approach. Third, we consider algorithm development and analysis of resource allocation schemes for topologically changing, distributed sensor networks. We formulate an iteration process of such an algorithm as a switched linear system, and characterize its convergence using the obtained semistability results.
Safe Pregnancy intervention for intimate partner violence: a randomised controlled trial in Norway among culturally diverse pregnant women
Creators: name: Flaathen, EME
name: Henriksen, L
name: Småstuen, MC
name: Schei, B
name: Taft, Angela
name: Noll, J
name: Garnweidner-Holme, L
name: Lukasse, M
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 420699
subject: Public health not elsewhere classified

description: Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a global health problem with adverse consequences for mothers, infants and families. We hypothesise that information about IPV and safety behaviours during pregnancy has the potential to increase quality of life and the use of safety behaviours and prevent IPV. Methods: A multicentre randomised controlled trial among culturally diverse pregnant women in Norway, to test the effect of a tablet-based video intervention about IPV and safety behaviours. Women attending routine antenatal check-ups alone (baseline) were screened for violence (Abuse Assessment Screen) by responding to questions on a tablet, and randomised (1:1) by computer to receive an intervention or a control video. The intervention video presented information about IPV and safety behaviours. The controls viewed a video promoting healthy pregnancy in general. Outcome measures were assessed three months post-partum: The World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, the Composite Abuse Scale on violence during the last 12 months and use of safety behaviours based on a 15-item checklist. A general linear model for repeated measures was used to examine the intervention’s effect. The analyses were conducted by intention to treat. Results: Among 1818 eligible women, 317 reported IPV and were randomised to an intervention (157) or a control group (160). A total of 251 (79.2%) women completed the follow-up questionnaire: 120 (76.4%) in the intervention group and 131 (81.9%) in the control group. At follow-up, 115 (45.8%) women reported a history of IPV. Few women (n = 39) reported IPV during the last 12 months. No differences in quality-of-life domains and overall quality of life and health were found between the intervention and the control groups. We detected no differences between the use of safety behaviours or IPV frequency and severity during the last 12 months. Conclusion: Our intervention did not improve women’s quality of life, use of safety behaviours or exposure to violence. Nevertheless, a tablet-based tool may motivate women experiencing IPV to seek help and support. More research is needed regarding tablet-based interventions for women experiencing IPV, particularly culturally sensitive interventions. Trial registration: NCT03397277 registered in clinicaltrials.gov on 11/01/2018.
Tobacco, e-cigarette and alcohol content in popular UK soap operas: a content analysis to explore changes in social norms and scene location
Creators: name: Scott, Nicola J.
name: Murray, Rachael L.
name: Barker, Alexander B.
name: Critchlow, Nathan
name: Best, Catherine
name: Semple, Sean
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Exposure to tobacco and alcohol on-screen promotes use and despite regulations and policies to limit impact, these behaviours remain common. We report a longitudinal analysis of tobacco, e-cigarette and alcohol content in three popular UK television soap operas, to examine changing social norms between 2002 and 2022. We used one-minute interval coding to measure content in programmes in two one-week periods in three years (2002, 2012 and 2022). Change in the probability of actual and implied use of tobacco, e-cigarette and alcohol over time was examined using logistic regression. We coded 2505 intervals from 78 episodes. Tobacco content occurred in 22% of episodes and significantly decreased from 2002 to 2022 (OR 0.15 95% CI 0.06–0.40). Tobacco use changed over time with decreasing use indoors and increasing use outdoors. No e-cigarette use was identified. Alcohol content was found in 88% of episodes and while it also significantly decreased over time (OR 0.78 95% CI 0.61–0.99) it featured in 20% of broadcast minutes in 2022. Alcohol use in homes increased over time. While tobacco imagery is increasingly rare in these three UK soap operas, alcohol content has remained common. Tightening the UK Ofcom regulations would help to reduce young people’s exposure to these harmful behaviours and their potential influence on social norms now and in the future.
What sways public opinion? An experimental study on moral vs. evidence-based arguments for drug harm reduction
Creators: name: López, Pamela Ruiz Flores
name: Hiza, Óscar Sánchez
name: Zizumbo-Colunga, Daniel
name: Lathrop, Rocío Cruz
name: Salazar, Juan Camilo Vásquez
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Unlike evidence-based approaches, public drug policies are shaped more by political factors, with public opinion playing a key role. We hypothesized that using moral arguments in favor of harm reduction would carry greater levels of support in public opinion over empirical evidence arguments in favor of harm reduction. Methods: Based on the experimental methodology embedded within an omnibus survey, we employed a convenience sample consisting of 635 observations, with the survey conducted in Mexico. Participants were presented with either a moral or empirical evidence argument in favor of harm reduction. They then answered questions regarding their support for harm reduction (Support), willingness to donate to a harm reduction NGO (Donation), and willingness to vote for a candidate who supports harm reduction (Vote). Results: Willingness to donate to harm reduction was associated with moral arguments’, and we found that conservatives showed greater support for harm reduction when presented with a moral argument. Conclusion: The use of moral arguments in favor of harm reduction is related to greater public support. These results have significant implications for attracting donations to harm reduction organizations and to improve the acceptance of conservatives of measures related to the model.