Molanna gamdaha Oláh & Johanson 2010, new species
Creators: name: Oláh, János
name: Johanson, Kjell Arne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Molannidae
Molanna
Molanna gamdaha

description: Molanna gamdaha, new species   
Figs 160–167  
 This species is similar to M. crinita Wiggins from India (Assam) and M. oglamar Malicky from Thailand. These 3 species are separated by having differently shaped trilobed coxopodites. The new species has 3 transverse, long and curved spines on the middle of segment X, conspicuous in dorsal view. The hind wing venation is reduced compared to in the other 2 species, as well as in most Oriental Molanna species. All Holarctic species have more complete hind wing venation.   
 Male (pinned, transferred to alcohol). Body medium-sized, brown; wings narrow, light brown, without patterns. Ocelli absent. Tentorium slender, without vestigial dorsal arm; posterior arms well developed, short, robust, ending in pair of large posterior tentorial pits; tentorial bridge separating anterior and posterior tentorial arms slender, with small anteromesal protuberance. Facial groove pattern almost entirely reduced; frontal area above anterior tentorial pits glabrous, without warts or setal areas, apparently covered by palpal lobe in resting position; frontogenal vertical grooves not visible. Clypeogenal vertical grooves located ventrally of anterior tentorial pits, short, running obliquely laterad, not reaching subgenal process; subantennal groove not observed; subocular groove indiscernible, merging to anterior clypeogenal grooves. Vertex almost 2 times wider than long; vertexal groove pattern simple; epicranial grooves complete, with frontal branch almost in middle of vertex, coronal groove well developed; postocipital groove encircling foramen magnum, or occipital foramen, forming pair of postocipital setal lobes. Labrum elongate, pyriform, without setae. Mandibles membranous, almost indiscernible. Lacinia forming long, narrow, mesad-curving, setose lobe. Pair of large, fused, heart-shaped frontal interantennal compact setal warts occupying middle of anterior half of vertex, delineated posteriorly by braches of postfrontal grooves, anterior arms of epicranial groove, or ecdysial cleav age line. Longitudinally elongate, narrow pair of frontogenal compact setal warts present on pregenae from antennal sockets, along ocular groove, nearly to level of anterior tentorial pits. Pair of enlarged, irregularly rounded, vertexal lateroantennal compact setal warts present on anterior half of vertex, anterolaterally more delineated and visible by skeletal wart ring; postero-mesal border weakly delineated. Vertexal mediantennal compact setose warts absent, replaced by frontal medioantennal compact setal warts. Occipital compact setose warts forming largest setal structure on vertex, more strongly delineated posteromesally than anterolaterally.   
 Vertically elongated postgenal compact warts curving along posterior section of ocular grooves; narrow strip located near ocular groove. Postgenal surface glabrous. Maxillary palp formula (I, II)-(III, IV, V); first 2 segments very short, about 1/5th as long as others; spoon-shaped palpal lobe located dorsally at distal end of segment I; dorsal concavity filled by setal brush; in resting position lobes covering glabrous frontal area. Antennal scape shorter than head; pedicels much shorter than first segment of flagellum. One pair pronotal warts present, transverse elongate, oviform, well separated mesally. One pair elongated mesoscutal diffuse setose warts present, represented by only few alveoli, arranged longitudinally. Mesoscutellar surface sparsely covered by diffuse setal warts with few setal alveoli. Each proepisternum with ovoid setose wart about as large as precoxal warts, with thin, irregularly bending setae, and smaller alveoli. Large compact setal wart present on anterior section of cervical sclerite; apparently representing independent sclerotized surface on membranous part of neck touching anterior cervical sclerite. Lateral cervical sclerites form narrow anterior arm articulating anteriorly to back of head with occipital condyle above posterior tentorial pits; fused to posterior cervical sclerites. Posterior cervical sclerite large, triangular, broadening posterad, reaching prothoracic episternum at posterior angle, articulating to weakly sclerotized anteromedian band of prothoracic eusternum by ventral intercervical sclerites. Ventral intercervical sclerites fused to posterior sclerite forming triangular plate, articulating to eusternum at ventral angle. Pattern of cervical sclerite complex, darkly pigmented, clearly visible on pale membranous background. Legs with symmetrical claws; spur formula 2, 4, 4; spurs almost equal; legs covered by thin, short, light brown clothing vestitural setae interspersed by erect, dark, spine-like individual setae. Forewings: 9.5 mm; membrane light brown, without visible pattern, termen convex. Venation typical for the genus; Sc and R1 separate before C; R2 very short, joining R1 almost at middle of wing; R4+5 linked to stem of M by crossvein r-m; stem of M1, M2 and M3+4 anatomized on Cu1b by short distance. Hind wings: venation modified: anal region enlarged, without veins; dark fold and densely packed band of setae absent.   
Male genitalia. Abdominal segment IX fused annularly, sub triangular in lateral view; tergum IX almost as long as venter; anterior margins triangular; posterior margins each with rounded apical lobe below basis of gonocoxites; antecosta on anterior margins narrow, forming strongly pigmented marginal rim running evenly along anterior margins; spine row absent on posterior margins of segment IX, setose areas absent from apicopleural and apicoventral regions. Intersegmental depression between segment IX and segment X deep, rectangular. Segment X with dorsal and ventral branch in lateral view; each divided into 2 lateral lobes; dorsal branch fused basally with sclerotized dorsum; distal end of sclerotized dorsum with 3 large spines; 2 from right corner bending across to left side; 1 from left corner turning across to right side; 1 paratype with opposite configuration; distal mesal half of sclerotized dorsal branch not directly fused with sclerotized dorsum, instead filled by median membranous lobe. Apicoventral setose lobes represented by ventral branches; dorsal margins with thin setae. Apicodorsal setose lobes forming dorsal branch, terminal vertical margin armed with 8 to 10 short, stout setae; apex of segment X not excavated; dorsal interlobular gap filled by median membranous lobe. Preanal appendages vertically elongate in lateral view; rounded in dorsal view, with serrate apical margin. Coxopodites with 3 branches: primary branches large, curving mesad; secondary branches located ventrally, directed apicad, apical surface of basimedian branch armed with short, stout setae. Phallic apparatus having sclerotized phallotheca with dorsal lobes and membranous apical endotheca, and retracted phallicata; pair of stout, long and dorsad erect spines embedded at end of membranous part, with pair of smaller spines located inside invaginated membranous part. Sclerotized phallotremal sclerites retracted basad, continuing into ejaculatory duct.  
 Holotype male: MYANMAR: Kambaiti: 2000 m, 16.v.1934 [R. Malaise], Malaise B.M. 1938-258 — (NHML).   
Paratypes: same data as holotype, except 7000 ft, 7–8.vi.1934, Malaise B.M. 1938-258 — 3 males (NHML).  
 Distribution: Myanmar.   
 Etymology: Gamdaha, “gamdah” in Sanskrit, meaning rhinoceros, named after the rhinoceros shape of the phallic apparatus apex due to the presence of a pair of dorsad directed, erect, strong spines.   
 Remarks: The cephalic and thoracic groove and setal wart patterns were examined on the cleared paratype in glycerine, not on the holotype. The spoon-shaped palpal lobe dorsally at the distal end of the first segment of the maxillary palps, with a dorsal concavity filled by a setal brush also being present in Molanna angustata Curtis (Crichton 1957), which in living specimens are visible when bent ventrally; the setae are probably scent organs.
description: Published as part of Oláh, János & Johanson, Kjell Arne, 2010, Description of 33 new species of Calamoceratidae, Molannidae, Odontoceridae and Philorheithridae (Trichoptera), with detailed presentation of their cephalic setal warts and grooves 2457, pp. 1-128 in Zootaxa 2457 (1) on pages 69-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2457.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5313709