cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Apparatus for measuring the uniformity of the optical transmittance of a semispherical surface at normal incidence
Creators: name: Wang, Shenghao
name: Liu, Shijie
name: Shao, Jianda
name: Xu, Tianzhu
name: Lu, Qi
name: Qi, Shen
name: Feng, Minghui
name: Zhang, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we build an apparatus for measuring the optical transmittance and its uniformity for a semispherical surface at normal incidence; the system is primarily comprised of a traditional double-beam photometric framework and a novel custom-made mechanical structure with multidimensional degrees of freedom. During the measurement process, a key aligning step is adopted to guarantee that the center point of the semispherical surface stands still in the light beam while scanning the hemispherical optical element point by point around the horizontal and vertical axes, which ensures that the laser beam is always normally incident onto the surface of the hemisphere. The experimental results show that the uniformity of the optical transmittance for a semispherical optical glass can be successfully characterized by the system, with a three-cycle repeatability error of 0.026% being demonstrated. Our system solves the problem of traditional spectrophotometers when measuring the spectral property of a hemispherical surface and thus can be popularized in similar applications.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures
Integrating the Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW) and the Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) Method
Creators: name: Nord, Robert
name: Wood, William
name: Clements, Paul C
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Software Architecture Technology Initiative at the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI) has developed a number of architecture-centric methods that are currently in use. The initiative is now focusing on integrating these methods, as well as building bridges between them and software-development processes and software-architecture efforts outside the SEI, while continuing to refine existing methods and models. The goal is to provide software architects with a comprehensive, end-to-end approach for creating and using the right software architecture for the job at hand. This technical note reports on a proposal to integrate the SEI Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW) and the SEI Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method. The QAW is a way to elicit and articulate detailed quality attribute requirements for a system, which the architecture must support. ADD is an architectural design method that starts with statements of quality attribute requirements and guides the architect through a series of design decisions that help to meet those requirements. Integrating these methods involves tailoring the QAW to provide the types of results needed by ADD and tailoring the ADD method to take full advantage of the results provided by the QAW.
Additional file 2 of Status of national health research systems in ten countries of the WHO African Region
Creators: name: Kirigia, Joses M
name: Wambebe, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Appendix 2: National health research systems profiles for ten sub-Saharan Africa countries. The data provided represent the detailed status of health research policy, legislation, research plan, coordination mechanisms, programme, institutes, and national universities in the study countries. (DOC 384 KB)
MulT_predict - Entwicklung & Validierung eines Tools zur Reservoirtemperaturabschätzung basierend auf Multikomponentengeothermometrie
Creators: name: Ystroem, Lars Helge
name: Nitschke, Fabian
name: Held, Sebastian
name: Kohl, Thomas
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019
Subjects: MulT_predict
Multikomponentengeothermometrie
geochemische Exploration
Reservoirtemperaturabschätzung
basaltischer Mineralsatz

description: Für die erfolgreiche Exploration eines geothermischen Reservoirs ist dessen Temperaturabschätzung entscheidend. Die Anwendung von konventionellen Lösungsgeothermometern (SiO2, Na-K, Mg-K, usw.) führt oft zu großen Streubreiten für die ermittelten Reservoirtemperaturen. Aus diesem Grund wird eine statistische Herangehensweise, die numerische Multikomponenten-Geothermometrie, zur Temperaturabschätzung herangezogen. Dabei basieren die Abschätzung auf der Löslichkeit vieler unterschiedlichster Mineralphasen, die als Geothermometer herangezogen werden. Die Methode wird durch den Vergleich mit gemessenen Bohrlochtemperaturen validiert. Dabei konzentriert sich die Arbeit auf basaltische Reservoire auf Island, weswegen eigens ein basaltischer Mineralsatz für das Geothermometerkonzept erarbeitet wurde. Über den Gleichgewichtszustand (Sättigungsindex) der Mineralphasen des basaltischen Mineralsatzes lässt sich auf die Reservoirtemperatur schließen. Hierzu wurde ein, auf der Kopplung von MATLAB mit PhreeqC basierendes, automatisiertes Tool namens „MulT_predict“ geschrieben. Dieses Tool bietet die Möglichkeit aus einer, an der Oberfläche genommenen, geochemischen Fluidanalyse auf die Reservoirtemperatur zu schließen. Während der Berechnung der Sättigungsindices wird eine Sensitivitätsanalyse der änderungsempfindlichen Parameter durchgeführt. Zu diesen Parametern zählen das Redoxpotential, der pH-Wert, die Aluminiumkonzentration sowie der Verdünnungsfaktor der Probe. Die Folge ist eine Minimierung der Standardabweichung der Temperaturabschätzung. Die modellierten Reservoirtemperaturen weisen im Vergleich zu den in-situ-Temperaturmessungen eine Varianz von unter 5% für die bearbeiteten Geothermiefelder auf. Die Anwendung von „MulT_predict“ ermöglicht eine präzise Reservoirtemperaturabschätzung. Die einfache und schnelle Anwendbarkeit auf einen geochemischen Datensatz macht das entwickelte Tool äußerst benutzerfreundlich.
Ecopolitics Podcast, Season 2, Episode 6: Great Power Politics and the Environment
Creators: name: Katz-Rosene, Ryan
name: Andrée, Peter
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021

description: Dr. Yixian Sun (University of Bath), and Dr. Matthew Paterson (University of Manchester), explain how the world's most powerful countries - from Great Powers in the G7 to emerging powers in the BRICS - shape ecopolitical outcomes on the global stage. [Produced by Nicole Bedford; Artwork by Adam Gibbard; Transcription by Allison Brown; Additional Resources prepared by Ashley Fearnall].
Magma dynamics of the phonolitic Diego Hernandez Formation, Tenerife, Canary Islands
Creators: name: Olin, Paul Hessel
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Geology -- Canary Islands -- Tenerife

description: The Diego Hernandez Formation (DHF; 600-196 ka) represents the products of
description: the most recent complete cycle of phonolitic explosive volcanism on Tenerife (Canary
description: Islands, Spain). Two distinct phonolite lineages have persisted, or have been regenerated,
description: throughout the history of the DHF. During any one eruption a single phonolite type
description: dominates, but detailed geochemical investigations show that both magmas did exist
description: simultaneously, for example, in the Fasnia Member.
description: In this dissertation, Chapter 1 describes laser ablation ICP-MS methods developed
description: to analyze in situ trace element contents in pumices and minerals from DHF deposits,
description: data from which are presented in other chapters. Chapter 2 is summary of DHF
description: stratigraphy, geochronology, and physical volcanological interpretation of the DHF that
description: provides context for the geochemistry to follow. Chapter 3 is a detailed study of the
description: geochemistry of the Fasnia Member in which the chemical heterogeneity of whole rocks
description: and glasses are described. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the different clinopyroxene and
description: titanite compositions, respectively, found in the Fasnia and their importance in
description: understanding Fasnia magmatism. Chapter 6 describes geochemical relationships
description: between the DHF chemostratigraphic units and provides an interpretation of magmatic
description: events throughout DHF time relative to the geochemistry.
Wortschatzkiste Eine Spielesammlung zur Wortschatzförderung im Kindergarten
Creators: name: Gantenbein, Katrin
name: Lenz, Mirjam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Vorschulerziehung
Wortschatz
Förderung
Masterarbeit

description: Die vorliegende Entwicklungsarbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, inwiefern sich die Haltung und der Umgang der Kindergartenlehrpersonen in Bezug auf die Wortschatzförderung mit der Wortschatzkiste sensibilisiert und wie diese die Förderung im Kindergartenalltag unterstützt. Als Grundlage dienen theoretische Ansätze der Wortschatzentwicklung. Die Kiste wurde während vier Wochen in vier Kindergärten im Alltag erprobt und mittels eva-luativer qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse evaluiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, dass die Wortschatz-kiste die Kindergartenlehrpersonen in der Förderung des Wortschatzes im Alltag unterstützt und die Sensibilisierung und Haltung der Kindergartenlehrperson gegenüber der Förderung des Wortschatzes angeregt wird. Die Wortschatzkiste bewirkte, dass die Kindergartenlehrper-sonen einen intensiveren und bewussteren Umgang mit der Wortschatzförderung im Alltag pflegen.
Attracting spectators to youth sport events: The case of the International Children’s Games
Creators: name: Snelgrove, Ryan
name: Wood, Laura
name: Taks, Marijke
name: Potwarka, Luke
name: Wigfield, Daniel
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019

description: Small scale events are plentiful, but struggle to attract spectators more so than mega events. Highly identified fans of the sport on display are an obvious target market for small events in addition to individuals who are personally affiliated with athletes competing in the event. However, these potential spectators may be hard to impress given their expertise and event experience. The purpose of this study was to determine whether perceptions of value of a youth sport event were related to a spectator’s sport identity, their personal affiliation with an athlete, and how their assessment of the event’s uniqueness affects these relationships. Data were collected from spectators (n=714) at the 2013 International Children’s Games using a questionnaire that contained measures of sport identity, perceived uniqueness of event elements, perceived value, and demographic information. A measurement model was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, and tested using structural equation modeling. Results provided support for an indirect only mediated model, such that spectators who highly identified with being a sports fan perceived the event as being valuable when they also viewed the event as unique. Having a personal affiliation to an athlete was not related to perceptions of uniqueness or value. Thus, purposefully selecting and designing unique events and promoting the unique attributes of the event could increase an event’s appeal to spectators who highly identify with the sport.
Transformations between 2MASS, SDSS and BVRI photometric systems: bridging the near infrared and optical
Creators: name: Bilir, S.
name: Ak, S.
name: Karaali, S.
name: Cabrera-Lavers, A.
name: Chonis, T. S.
name: Gaskell, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present colour transformations for the conversion of the {\em 2MASS} photometric system to the Johnson-Cousins $UBVRI$ system and further into the {\em SDSS} $ugriz$ system. We have taken {\em SDSS} $gri$ magnitudes of stars measured with the 2.5-m telescope from $SDSS$ Data Release 5 (DR5), and $BVRI$ and $JHK_{s}$ magnitudes from Stetson's catalogue and \citet{Cu03}, respectively. We matched thousands of stars in the three photometric systems by their coordinates and obtained a homogeneous sample of 825 stars by the following constraints, which are not used in previous transformations: 1) the data are de-reddened, 2) giants are omitted, and 3) the sample stars selected are of the highest quality. We give metallicity, population type, and transformations dependent on two colours. The transformations provide absolute magnitude and distance determinations which can be used in space density evaluations at short distances where some or all of the {\em SDSS} $ugriz$ magnitudes are saturated. The combination of these densities with those evaluated at larger distances using {\em SDSS} $ugriz$ photometry will supply accurate Galactic model parameters, particularly the local space densities for each population.
description: 11 pages, including 10 figures and 7 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Communication Assessment Tool for Ethically Sensitive Scenarios: ACT4Ethics
Creators: name: Daboval, Thierry
name: Lambrinakos-Raymond, Alicia
name: Schoenherr, Jordan R
name: Ward, Natalie
name: Moore, Gregory P
name: Ferretti, Emanuela
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Communication
Medical Education
Ethics
Assessment tool
Competency-based Design

description: Although well-designed instruments to assess communication during medical interviews and complex encounters exist, assessment tools that differentiate between communication, empathy, decision-making, and moral judgment are needed to assess different aspects of communication during situations defined by ethical conflict. To address this need, we developed an assessment tool that differentiates competencies associated with practice in ethically challenging situations: The Assessment Communication Tool for Ethics (ACT4Ethics) instrument. The competencies included in this assessment tool are grouped into three distinct categories: communication skills, civility and respectful behavior, clinical and ethical judgment and decision-making. [Updated from the version published in JMIR Research Protocols in 2019].
Integrating the Master of Software Assurance Reference Curriculum into the Model Curriculum and Guidelines for Graduate Degree Programs in Information Systems
Creators: name: Shoemaker, Dan
name: Mead, Nancy R.
name: Ingalsbe, Jeff
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training personnel to assure the secure development, sustainment, and acquisition of software code is a national priority. However, in the secure software domain, there is no single, commonly accepted point of reference to direct software assurance education and training. In response to this problem, the CERT Program at Carnegie Mellon University's Software Engineering Institute recently led the development of a Master of Software Assurance (MSwA) Reference Curriculum. This report examines how the recommendations of the MSwA Reference Curriculum might be integrated into the model curriculum recommendations for a Master of Science in Information Systems (MSIS). This integration is important because IS programs constitute a key portion of computer education programs in the United States. The report describes the content areas of the MSIS curriculum that appear to be most relevant to secure software assurance practice. It also details the places in the current MSIS curriculum model where recommendations of the MSwA Reference Curriculum appear to fit. In addition the report explains how those recommendations can be integrated into a conventional MSIS curriculum and provides an example of an existing MSIS curriculum that embodies them.
Oil Prices and How Much Tax the Government Collects
Creators: name: Tran, Trang
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019

description: This paper aims to examine the impacts of oil price on revenues that provincial government collect from 6 sources: personal income tax, corporate income tax, retail sales tax, federal cash transfers, natural resource revenue and other own - source revenue. All the dependent variables are expressed in real value per capita. Oil price is used as the key explanatory available; other explanatory variables include U.S. real interest rate, U.S housing real price index and annual population growth rate in each province in Canada. The data consist of 10 provinces over the period 1980 - 2017. The variables are expressed in first differences to test the impact of oil price because of the non-stationary of the variables. The result suggests that higher oil prices do not show a statistically significant impact on the government’s revenue sources except for natural resource revenue. Higher oil prices have a positive significance impact in the four oil rich provinces. According to the sign and magnitude of the coefficients, Saskatchewan and Alberta are more sensitive to oil price than B.C. and Newfoundland and Labrador.
Hypergraph removal with polynomial bounds
Creators: name: Gishboliner, Lior
name: Shapira, Asaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a fixed $k$-uniform hypergraph $F$, the $F$-removal lemma states that every hypergraph with few copies of $F$ can be made $F$-free by the removal of few edges. Unfortunately, for general $F$, the constants involved are given by incredibly fast-growing Ackermann-type functions. It is thus natural to ask for which $F$ one can prove removal lemmas with polynomial bounds. One trivial case where such bounds can be obtained is when $F$ is $k$-partite. Alon proved that when $k=2$ (i.e. when dealing with graphs), only bipartite graphs have a polynomial removal lemma. Kohayakawa, Nagle and Rödl conjectured in 2002 that Alon's result can be extended to all $k>2$, namely, that the only $k$-graphs $F$ for which the hypergraph removal lemma has polynomial bounds are the trivial cases when $F$ is $k$-partite. In this paper we prove this conjecture.
Nucleon Properties in the Polyakov Quark Meson Model
Creators: name: Li, Yingying
name: Hu, Jinniu
name: Mao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nucleon as a nontopological soliton in a quark medium as well as in a nucleon medium in terms of the Polyakov quark meson (PQM) model with two flavors at finite temperature and density. The constituent quark masses evolving with the temperature at various baryon chemical potentials are calculated and the equations of motion are solved according to the proper boundary conditions. The PQM model predicts an increasing size of the nucleon and a reduction of the nucleon mass in both hot environment. However, the phase structure is different from each other in quark and nucleon mediums. There is a crossover in the low-density region and a first-order phase transition in the high-density region in quark medium, whereas there exists a crossover characterized by the overlap of the nucleons in nucleon medium.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in Physical Review C
Adaptive remedial action schemes for transient instability
Creators: name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Electric power system stability

description: Remedial action schemes (RAS) are designed to avoid wide spread outages after a
description: severe contingency in the power system. RAS have also been installed to increase the
description: operational transfer capability (OTC) with the restrictions on the transmission expansion
description: in the power systems. In current practice, these schemes are predetermined based on
description: extensive repeated time domain simulations. This dissertation presents an adaptive
description: method for RAS computation. Given a two-area system model and a mode of disturbance
description: (MOD) that the system will separate after a severe fault on the ties, the presented method
description: separately calculates differential potential energy (DPE) and residual kinetic energy
description: (RKE) with respect to an intermediary case. A sufficient RAS is determined by
description: comparing the RKE and the DPE. Because the DPE can be reused for the new unstable
description: cases, the repeated time domain simulation can be avoided in RAS calculation. This
description: method is adaptive to different operating points and fault locations; it is also can change
description: with different fault clearing times and/or RAS initiation time. This method presents a way
description: to reduce the time domain simulations in the RAS off-line calculation. This method also
description: enables us to establish an adaptive RAS using fast on-line computation.
description: To support the adaptive scheme, a new transient energy calculation method is proposed based on the curve of equivalent power versus equivalent angle (EPEA curve) of the power system, which is derived from the concept of corrected kinetic energy. It is particularly suitable for transient energy calculation in situations with varying mechanical power, such as generation rejection.
description: This dissertation also proposes a concept using the transient instability detection as
description: the trigger of the adaptive RAS. With Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) measurements
description: as input, a decision tree technique is applied to detect system transient instability. MOD
description: information is included in the classifications of the decision trees so that it can be applied
description: for the MOD specific RAS. The effects of the time delay and the synchronization of the
description: PMU sampling, which are independent of the occurrence of the system events, are
description: investigated. Also studied are the effects of different locations of PMU and different
description: input features of the decision trees, such as phasor angle and magnitude, pre-fault transfer
description: power, and discrete system events. IEEE 39-bus and WECC 179-bus systems are used to
description: illustrate and evaluate the proposed methods.
Additional file 3 of Status of national health research systems in ten countries of the WHO African Region
Creators: name: Kirigia, Joses M
name: Wambebe, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Authors’ original file for figure 1
Holographic Mutual Information of Two Disjoint Spheres
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Fan, Zhong-Ying
name: Li, Wen-Ming
name: Zhang, Cheng-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum corrections to holographic mutual information for two disjoint spheres at a large separation by using the operator product expansion of the twist field. In the large separation limit, the holographic mutual information is vanishing at the semiclassical order, but receive quantum corrections from the fluctuations. We show that the leading contributions from the quantum fluctuations take universal forms as suggested from the boundary CFT. We find the universal behavior for the scalar, the vector, the tensor and the fermionic fields by treating these fields as free fields propagating in the fixed background and by using the 1/n prescription. In particular, for the fields with gauge symmetries, including the massless vector boson and massless graviton, we find that the gauge parts in the propagators play indispensable role in reading the leading order corrections to the bulk mutual information.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure; significant revisions, corrected the discussions on the computations of the mutual information in CFT, conclusions unchanged
Integrating the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM) with the Cost Benefit Analysis Method (CBAM)
Creators: name: Nord, Robert
name: Barbacci, Mario R.
name: Clements, Paul C
name: Kazman, Rick
name: Klein, Mark H.
name: O'Brien, Liam
name: Tomayko, James E.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Initiative at the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI) has developed a number of architecture-centric methods currently in use including the SEI Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method (ATAM), the SEI Quality Attribute Workshop (QAW), the SEI Cost Benefit Analysis Method (CBAM), SEI Active Reviews for Intermediate Designs (ARID), and the SEI Attribute-Driven Design (ADD) method. Building on our success in developing and piloting a collection of software architecture methods, we're now focusing on integrating them, and building the bridges between them and the processes and architecture efforts outside the SEI, all the while continuing to refine existing methods and models. This technical note reports on a proposal to integrate the SEI ATAM and SEI CBAM. The ATAM provides software architects with a framework for understanding the technical tradeoffs and risks they face as they make design decisions, but it does not provide any guidance for understanding economic tradeoffs. The CBAM helps software architects consider the return on investment of any architectural decision and provides guidance on the economic tradeoffs involved. The CBAM takes the architectural decision analysis done during the ATAM and helps make it part of a strategic roadmap for software design and evolution by associating priorities, costs, and benefits with architectural decisions.
title: Education for sustainable development
title: an emergent discourse for multi-sector learning and action partnership
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Manteaw, Bob Offei
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2074
Subjects: Sustainable development -- Study and teaching

description: As the discourse of sustainable development or sustainability begins to gain roots, both in the political and social arenas, it has become clear that people need to know and understand its full implications in order to be able to take the necessary actions around issues of environment, economics, and social justice. Sustainable development is, therefore, an educational issue; one whose cause must be championed by all knowledge-related institutions such as schools, businesses, and civil society. The significance of the concept and the urgency it requires in reversing our unsustainable present as epitomized in climate change, issues of health, poverty, violent conflicts, HIV/AIDS, inequality between and within nations is unquestionable, yet not many people seem to recognize this need. As an emergent international discourse, Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) challenges humanity to explore new and creative visions of teaching and learning approaches that provide logical responses to our currently interconnected and interrelated global predicaments. Against the background of current neoliberal and capitalist discourses as they relate to educational policies and practices, the study proposes multi-sector learning and action partnerships as a response to what is described in the study as the new epistemic challenge. In this regard, businesses are invited into partnership learning activities that underscore the interconnectedness of life s different systems economics, environment, society, and culture. In doing so, the emergent business practice, popularly known as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is critically explored to establish its potential as an avenue to align CSR activities as they relate to education to the broader principles of education for sustainable development. In the end, the study asks: How can businesses learn from doing unusual business, and how can schools and society learn from such partnerships for social and ecological transformation? The study also explores the cultural dimensions of education for sustainable development against the belief that different notions and worldviews on development human progress in different cultures inform different approaches to educational thinking and practice. Ghana and the United States are used as international comparative cases to understand how people s different development aspirations guide and direct their educational planning for sustainable development. The underlying question for this comparison is: How can a global approach to education for sustainable development be possible when people in different cultures and regions have different understanding and approaches to development?
Data Science vs. Statistics: Two Cultures?
Creators: name: Carmichael, Iain
name: Marron, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data science is the business of learning from data, which is traditionally the business of statistics. Data science, however, is often understood as a broader, task-driven and computationally-oriented version of statistics. Both the term data science and the broader idea it conveys have origins in statistics and are a reaction to a narrower view of data analysis. Expanding upon the views of a number of statisticians, this paper encourages a big-tent view of data analysis. We examine how evolving approaches to modern data analysis relate to the existing discipline of statistics (e.g. exploratory analysis, machine learning, reproducibility, computation, communication and the role of theory). Finally, we discuss what these trends mean for the future of statistics by highlighting promising directions for communication, education and research.
Quantifying Child-Appeal: The Development and Mixed-Methods Validation of a Methodology for Evaluating Child-Appealing Marketing on Product Packaging
Creators: name: Mulligan, Christine
name: Potvin Kent, Monique
name: Vergeer, Laura
name: Christoforou, Anthea K
name: L'Abbé, Mary R
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021
Subjects: child-appealing marketing
food marketing
food packaging
marketing power
marketing techniques
marketing to kids
mixed methods
product packaging
validation

description: There is no standardized or validated definition or measure of "child-appeal" used in food and beverage marketing policy or research, which can result in heterogeneous outcomes. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to develop and validate the child-appealing packaging (CAP) coding tool, which measures the presence, type, and power of child-appealing marketing on food packaging based on the marketing techniques displayed. Children (n = 15) participated in a mixed-methods validation study comprising a binary classification (child-appealing packaging? Yes/No) and ranking (order of preference/marketing power) activity using mock breakfast cereal packages (quantitative) and focus group discussions (qualitative). The percent agreement, Cohen's Kappa statistic, Spearman's Rank correlation, and cross-classification analyses tested the agreement between children's and the CAP tool's evaluation of packages' child-appeal and marketing power (criterion validity) and the content analysis tested the relevance of the CAP marketing techniques (content validity). There was an 80% agreement, and "moderate" pairwise agreement (κ [95% CI]: 0.54 [0.35, 0.73]) between children/CAP binary classifications and "strong" correlation (rs [95% CI]: 0.78 [0.63, 0.89]) between children/CAP rankings of packages, with 71.1% of packages ranked in the exact agreement. The marketing techniques included in the CAP tool corresponded to those children found pertinent. Pilot results suggest the criterion/content validity of the CAP tool for measuring child-appealing marketing on packaging in accordance with children's preferences.
Integrating Software-Architecture-Centric Methods into Extreme Programming (XP)
Creators: name: Nord, Robert
name: Tomayko, James E.
name: Wojcik, Robert
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 80309 Software Engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This technical note fits the architecture-centric methods of the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI) into the framework of Extreme Programming (XP). These methods include the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method, the SEI Quality Attribute Workshop, the SEI Attribute-Driven Design method, the SEI Cost Benefit Analysis Method, and SEI Active Reviews for Intermediate Design. This report presents a summary of XP and examines the potential uses of the SEI's architecture-centric methods.
Additional file 4 of Status of national health research systems in ten countries of the WHO African Region
Creators: name: Kirigia, Joses M
name: Wambebe, Charles
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Authors’ original file for figure 2
Toward a North American Security Perimeter? Assessing the Trade and FDI Impacts of Liberalizing 9/11 Securiy Measures
Creators: name: Georges, Patrick
name: Mérette, Marcel
name: Zhang, Qi
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Foreign Direct Investment
Trade Flows
Post 9/11 Security Measures
North American Security Perimiter
Gravity Model
General Equilibrium Modelling
Investissement direct étranger
Flux commerciaux
Mesures de sécurité Post 9/11
Périmètre de Sécurité Nord-Américain
Modèle de Gravité
Modélisation en Équilibre Général

description: This paper examines, for the first time, the trade and FDI impacts of a North American Security Perimeter that would liberalize the post 9/11 security measures at the Canada-US border. First, the study estimates econometrically the impact of post 9/11 security measures on bilateral (US-Canada) trade flows using a gravity model. Second, using these econometric estimates together with a three-region nine-sector general equilibrium model, we compute sectoral tariff rates “equivalent” to the 9/11 security measures. Finally, we assess the (general equilibrium) impacts on trade and FDI of a change of security paradigm toward a North American Security Perimeter. The paper shows that the economic opportunity gains occurring to Canada and the US from the liberalization of the 9/11 security measures amount to US$20 billion annually. This figure, once added to the direct administrative costs of the post 9/11 security measures, warrants serious consideration in policy discussions of a North American Security Perimeter. / Cet article examine les impacts commerciaux et d’investissement direct étranger (IDE) d’un périmètre de sécurité Nord-Américain qui libéraliserait les mesures de sécurité qui furent introduites à la frontière Canado-américaine à partir du 11 Septembre 2001 (9/11). Dans un premier temps, l’étude estime économétriquement l’impact des mesures post 9/11 sur les flux commerciaux bilatéraux (US-Canada) en utilisant un modèle de gravité. L’étude utilise ensuite ces estimations économétriques conjointement avec un modèle d’équilibre général à 3 régions et à 9 secteurs afin de calculer les tarifs sectoriels équivalents aux mesures de sécurités 9/11. Finalement, nous évaluons les impacts (en équilibre général) sur le commerce et l’IDE d’un changement de paradigme de sécurité en faveur d’un Périmètre de Sécurité Nord-Américain. Cet article estime que les gains (d’opportunité) économiques pour le Canada et les États-Unis résultants de la libéralisation des mesures de sécurité 9/11 sont de 20 milliards de US$ annuellement. Ce montant, lorsque cumulé aux coûts administratifs directs des mesures de sécurité 9/11, devrait susciter des discussions politiques sérieuses sur la mise en oeuvre d’un tel Périmètre de Sécurité Nord-Américain.
Alteration of genetic content and gene expression modulate the pathogenic potential of Campylobacter jejuni
Creators: name: Malik-Kale, Preeti
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Gene Expression

description: A leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for as many as 2.5 million reported cases per year in the United States of America alone. Campylobacter is a flagellated, spiral shaped, Gram-negative bacterium. The development of new genetic tools and availability of the C. jejuni genome sequence has accelerated the progress made in the field of Campylobacter pathogenesis in the past decade. Although a number of virulence determinants have been identified, to date their role in the ability of Campylobacter to cause disease remains unknown. The research presented in this dissertation highlights two distinct features by which C. jejuni is able to toggle between a virulent and an avirulent state. First, C. jejuni is able to alter its genetic content to exhibit variable motility phenotype. It is proposed that alternating between a motile and a non-motile state helps Campylobacter switch from its commensal lifestyle in one host to an invasive lifestyle in the other. The data presented in Chapter 2 indicate that the differences observed in the virulence phenotype of two poultry isolates CS and S2B were a result of a point mutation in the flgR and rpoN genes, respectively. Proteins encoded by both these genes are essential for flagellar biosynthesis, thus mutations in these genes rendered the organism non-motile and hence avirulent. Second, Campylobacter alters its virulence potential by modulating its gene expression in response to an environmental stimulus. To adapt and survive within the intestinal tract Campylobacter must alter its genes expression in response to the varied in vivo conditions encountered including exposure to bile. The data presented in chapter three demonstrate that culture in the presence of bile salts enhances the virulence potential of Campylobacter. When cultured in the presence of the bile salt sodium deoxycholate, C. jejuni undergoes a synthetic response characterized by the upregulation of genes known to play a role in Campylobacter pathogenesis. Taken together, the data presented show that Campylobacter is able to vary its virulence potential by altering its genetic content and gene expression.
Development Divided: Exploring the Meaning of Free, Prior and Informed. Consent by Indigenous Peoples in Resource Development.
Creators: name: Stacey, Rose
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018

description: In 2007 the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) was adopted by the UN General Assembly. At the time, Canada held an objector status to the Declaration. The Harper government feared that UNDRIP’s provision requiring governments to seek Indigenous communities’ “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC) before approving projects would severely constrain resource development by granting too much power to Indigenous communities. It was not until 2016 following the election of Prime Minister Trudeau that Canada announced its full support of UNDRIP without qualification. While the adoption marks a significant shift in policy, the Trudeau government has not clearly illustrated how UNDRIP’s provisions will be implemented. In particular there remains great ambiguity regarding the meaning of FPIC. This paper seeks to contribute to our understanding of the meaning of FPIC as a legal and policy principle that can underpin the approval of resource development projects. The paper is organized in two parts. In the first section, key legal and academic debates about UNDRIP and its FPIC principle are reviewed. The second section of the paper features an analysis of 100 briefs submitted to an Expert Panel appointed by the Trudeau government to review the federal environmental assessment process. This analysis unpacks how both Indigenous communities and industry stakeholders understand the practical meaning of FPIC and Indigenous consent to resource development projects. Ultimately this paper concludes that while the specific mechanisms in which FPIC must be implemented vary across communities and corporations, Indigenous communities and Canadian industry primarily see this principle as a call for building durable and respectful partnerships in resource development as opposed to granting a right to Indigenous peoples to exercise a veto over such projects.
Inertial range turbulence in kinetic plasmas
Creators: name: Howes, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transfer of turbulent energy through an inertial range from the driving scale to dissipative scales in a kinetic plasma followed by the conversion of this energy into heat is a fundamental plasma physics process. A theoretical foundation for the study of this process is constructed, but the details of the kinetic cascade are not well understood. Several important properties are identified: (a) the conservation of a generalized energy by the cascade; (b) the need for collisions to increase entropy and realize irreversible plasma heating; and (c) the key role played by the entropy cascade--a dual cascade of energy to small scales in both physical and velocity space--to convert ultimately the turbulent energy into heat. A strategy for nonlinear numerical simulations of kinetic turbulence is outlined. Initial numerical results are consistent with the operation of the entropy cascade. Inertial range turbulence arises in a broad range of space and astrophysical plasmas and may play an important role in the thermalization of fusion energy in burning plasmas.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physics of Plasmas, DPP Meeting Special Issue
Parametric inequalities and Weyl law for the volume spectrum
Creators: name: Guth, Larry
name: Liokumovich, Yevgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P20, 53A10

description: We show that the Weyl law for the volume spectrum in a compact Riemannian manifold conjectured by Gromov can be derived from parametric generalizations of two famous inequalities: isoperimetric inequality and coarea inequality. We prove two such generalizations in low dimensions and obtain the Weyl law for 1-cycles in 3-manifolds. We also give a new proof of the Almgren isomorphism theorem.
description: Proof of Prop. 2.7 corrected. To appear in Geometry and Topology
Lattice points in slices of prisms
Creators: name: Ferroni, Luis
name: McGinnis, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20, 05A15, 13D40, 13A02

description: We conduct a systematic study of the Ehrhart theory of certain slices of rectangular prisms. Our polytopes are generalizations of the hypersimplex and are contained in the larger class of polypositroids introduced by Lam and Postnikov; moreover, they coincide with polymatroids satisfying the strong exchange property up to an affinity. We give a combinatorial formula for all the Ehrhart coefficients in terms of the number of weighted permutations satisfying certain compatibility properties. This result proves that all these polytopes are Ehrhart positive. Additionally, via an extension of a result by Early and Kim, we give a combinatorial interpretation for all the coefficients of the $h^*$-polynomial. All of our results provide a combinatorial understanding of the Hilbert functions and the $h$-vectors of all algebras of Veronese type, a problem that had remained elusive up to this point. A variety of applications are discussed, including expressions for the volumes of these slices of prisms as weighted combinations of Eulerian numbers; some extensions of Laplace's result on the combinatorial interpretation of the volume of the hypersimplex; a multivariate generalization of the flag Eulerian numbers and refinements; and a short proof of the Ehrhart positivity of the independence polytope of all uniform matroids.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure. Several improvements on the exposition
Development of a general dynamic hysteretic light-frame structure model and study on the torsional behavior of open-front light-frame structures
Creators: name: Xu, Jian
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Structural frames -- Earthquake effects

description: Open-front light-frame structures may have significant torsional problems when
description: attacked by intense earthquakes. Full-size testing is a good tool to be employed to
description: understand their performance under significant seismic events, but it is limited due to the
description: high expense. So, a model, which is able to accurately represent the hysteretic dynamic
description: performance of light-frame structural systems under lateral loads is in demand.
description: All previous testing showed that the hysteretic behavior of nailed wood joints
description: governs the response of many wood systems when subjected to lateral loadings.
description: Unfortunately, commercially available software does not have an appropriate hysteretic
description: element for a nailed wood joint, and the accuracy and versatility of previously developed
description: nail joint elements are not satisfactory. A general hysteretic model, BWBN, was modified
description: to represent the hysteretic behavior of a nailed joint. Based on test data, suitable
description: parameters for different joint configurations can be estimated using a Genetic Algorithm.
description: This model was embedded in ABAQUS/Standard (Version 6.5), as a user-defined
description: element, which accounted for the coupling property of the nail joint action. Detailed
description: shear walls were simulated and analyzed, and the results agreed well with the test data.
description: iv
description: With some modifications on the nailed wood joint model, a super shear wall model
description: was developed, which describes the behavior of a whole shear wall line. This super shear
description: wall model consists of two diagonal hysteretic springs, along with the frame members in
description: the wall, and can predict racking and overturning behavior of shear walls at the same time.
description: Using this model, a 3-D 2-story building model, which was developed to simulate the
description: building tested in the CUREE shake table test (Fischer et al. 2001), was analyzed in
description: ABAQUS/Standard. Comparison of the results validated the accuracy and efficiency of
description: this super shear wall model.
description: Using this super shear wall model, a parametric study was conducted to benchmark
description: current design methods. The parameters included floor or roof diaphragm aspect ratios,
description: open-front ratios, and possible inclusion of gypsum partition walls. The study shows that
description: the elastic torsional design method is not satisfactory for open-front light-frame structures,
description: and design method improvement comments were made accordingly.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of the utilization of the preanaesthetic clinics in a University teaching hospital
Creators: name: Hariharan, Seetharaman
name: Chen, Deryk
name: Merritt-Charles, Lorna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Authors’ original file for figure 1