cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Figure S5. Histological sections of developing gonads from allopentaploid hybrids (LLSST). from Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids
Creators: name: Roco, Álvaro S.
name: Ruiz-García, Adrián
name: Bullejos, Mónica
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Histological sections of developing gonads from allopentaploid hybrids. When the W chromosome of X. laevis is present (dm-w +), the gonads will develop as ovaries independently of the sex chromosome inherited from the X. tropicalis father. The only testis identified was presumptively from a recombinant male with a ZLZLYT sex chromosome constitution (diploid ZLYT cannot be ruled out). Gonads from allopentaploid hybrids also lack germ cells, independently of their sex.
Harmonic analysis of oscillators through standard numerical continuation tools
Creators: name: Bizzarri, Federico
name: Linaro, Daniele
name: Oldeman, Bart
name: Storace, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we describe a numerical continuation method that enables harmonic analysis of nonlinear periodic oscillators. This method is formulated as a boundary value problem that can be readily implemented by resorting to a standard continuation package - without modification - such as AUTO, which we used. Our technique works for any kind of oscillator, including electronic, mechanical and biochemical systems. We provide two case studies. The first study concerns itself with the autonomous electronic oscillator known as the Colpitts oscillator, and the second one with a nonlinear damped oscillator, a non-autonomous mechanical oscillator. As shown in the case studies, the proposed technique can aid both the analysis and the design of the oscillators, by following curves for which a certain constraint, related to harmonic analysis, is fulfilled.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures
Heat kernel estimates for the $\bar\partial$-Neumann problem on $G$-manifolds
Creators: name: Perez, Joe J.
name: Stollmann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove heat kernel estimates for the $\bar\partial$-Neumann Laplacian acting in spaces of differential forms over noncompact, strongly pseudoconvex complex manifolds with a Lie group symmetry and compact quotient. We also relate our results to those for an associated Laplace-Beltrami operator on functions.
description: 22 pages
title: Hedysarum boreale
title: Utah sweetvetch
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Fabaceae
Hedysarum
boreale

description: Family: Fabaceae
description: Genus: Hedysarum
description: Species: boreale
Additional file 3 of Evaluation of lexical clarification by patients reading their clinical notes: a quasi-experimental interview study
Creators: name: Mens, Hugo J. T. Van
name: Eysden, Mirte M. Van
name: Nienhuis, Remko
name: Delden, Johannes J. M. Van
name: Keizer, Nicolette F. De
name: Cornet, Ronald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Additional figures with term and clarification ease and usefulness on term level and clarification ease and usefulness per participant.
Nonlinear dynamics of two coupled nano-electromechanical resonators
Creators: name: Chotorlishvili, L.
name: Ugulava, A.
name: Mchedlishvili, G.
name: Komnik, A.
name: Wimberger, S.
name: Berakdar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a model of coupled nano-electromechanical resonantors we study two nonlinear driven oscillators with an arbitrary coupling strength between them. Analytical expressions are derived for the oscillation amplitudes as a function of the driving frequency and for the energy transfer rate between the two oscillators. The nonlinear restoring forces induce the expected nonlinear resonance structures in the amplitude-frequency characteristics with asymmetric resonance peaks. The corresponding multistable behavior is shown to be an efficient tool to control the energy transfer arising from the sensitive response to small changes in the driving frequency. Our results imply that the nonlinear response can be exploited to design precise sensors for mass or force detection experiments based on nano-electromechanical resonators.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures
Figure S1. Pedigree of X. tropicalis individuals used as fathers in hybrid production. from Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids
Creators: name: Roco, Álvaro S.
name: Ruiz-García, Adrián
name: Bullejos, Mónica
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Pedigree of X. tropicalis individuals used as fathers in hybrid production (labelled in yellow). Presumptive sex chromosomes are indicated based on the sex of the individuals and the inheritance patterns of the alleles for sex-linked markers (indicated with numbers as a sub-index of sex chromosomes). Circles inside squares depict phenotypic females obtained after sex-reversal of genetic males using estradiol.
title: Populus acuminata
title: Lanceleaf cottonwood
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Salicaceae
Populus
acuminata

description: Family: Salicaceae
description: Genus: Populus
description: Species: acuminata
Community gleaning, food injustice, and the alternative food movement in Kelowna, British Columbia
Creators: name: Beischer, Ailsa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: This thesis applies a food justice lens to explore the inequities within Kelowna, B.C.’s emerging alternative food movement (AFM). This lens is further used to examine the practice of gleaning and its opportunities for food access and inclusivity. By drawing on critical race theory and post-structural feminist theory, under the broader umbrella of community based participatory research principles, this study challenges the existing discourse of ‘local food’ in Kelowna. The primary research question focuses on the lived experience of food injustice in Kelowna’s AFM to investigate the often-invisible realities of individuals at the margins of this movement. A secondary question focuses on how a community-gleaning project in Kelowna is making issues of food injustice more visible in the AFM. Findings suggest that, although Kelowna is an affluent agricultural community with an aspiring AFM, it is not exempt from the structural causes of hunger; rather, it tends to overlook issues of food inequity because it prioritizes local, healthy, and sustainable food without acknowledging the systemic challenges to accessing this type of food. This study also finds that Kelowna’s gleaning project is harnessing the issue of food waste to create an opportunity for engaging with food justice across diverse populations. This research is not representative of a majority of individuals experiencing food injustice, but instead focuses on a few in-depth experiences that act as a starting point for understanding and contending with food injustice. The participatory and praxis-centred approach used in this thesis emerged as a pragmatic tool that shows how a food justice approach can re-create a foodscape that acknowledges those at the margins and is inclusive, participatory, and enables all people to access healthy, local food.
Figure S4. Allotriploid hybrid gonads (ovaries and testis) with germ cells. from Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids
Creators: name: Roco, Álvaro S.
name: Ruiz-García, Adrián
name: Bullejos, Mónica
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Germ cells were observed in some developing hybrid ovaries or testis (LST). A-C) Histological sections of developing ovaries from the hybrid tadpole X44.16 showing germ cells in one of the ovaries. D-F) Histological sections of developing testes from the hybrid tadpole X44.18, also with germ cells. Scale: 20 μm.
Properties of metal-insulator transition and electron spin relaxation in GaN:Si
Creators: name: Wolos, A.
name: Wilamowski, Z.
name: Piersa, M.
name: Strupinski, W.
name: Lucznik, B.
name: Grzegory, I.
name: Porowski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate properties of doping-induced metal-insulator transition in GaN:Si by means of electron spin resonance and Hall effect. While increasing the doping concentration, Si-related bands are formed below the bottom of the GaN conduction band. The D0 band of single-occupied Si donor sites is centered 27 meV below the bottom of the GaN conduction band, the D- band of double-occupied Si states at 2.7 meV below the bottom of the GaN conduction band. Strong damping of the magnetic moment occurs due to filling of the D- states at Si concentrations approaching the metal-insulator transition. Simultaneously, shortening of electron spin relaxation time due to limited electron lifetime in the single-occupied D0 band is observed. The metal-insulator transition occurs at the critical concentration of uncompensated donors equal to about 1.6 * 10^18 cm^-3. Electronic states in metallic samples beyond the metal-insulator transition demonstrate non-magnetic character of double-occupied states.
title: Exploring Higher Dimensional Quantum Field Theories Through Fixed Points
Creators: name: Simms, R
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2018

description: Renormalization was popularised in the 1940s following the appearance of non- sensical infinities in the calculation of the self-energy of the electron. Notably this led to Quantum Electrodynamics becoming a fully renormalizable quantum field theory. One useful tool that emerges from the technical aspects of renormal- ization is the Renormalization Group. In particular, the β-function defines the variation of the coupling constants with energy. The vanishing of the β-function at a particular value of the coupling is known as a fixed point, the location of which can be found using perturbation theory. Properties of quantum field the- ories such as ultraviolet behaviour can be studied using these fixed points. The calculation of two different types of fixed points forms the spine of this thesis. In Part I the d-dimensional Wilson-Fisher fixed point is used to connect scalar quantum field theories in different space-time dimensions. Specifically we look at dimensions greater than four and explore the property of universality through the Vasil’ev large N expansion. Different universality classes are examined, the first contains φ4 theory with O(N) symmetry while another incorporates O(N)×O(m) Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. In the latter we perform a full fixed point sta- bility analysis and conformal window search which determines where conformal symmetry is present. Part I develops techniques that may later be applicable to calculations involving beyond the Standard Model physics including asymptotic safety, quantum gravity and emergent symmetries. Part II focuses on the non-trivial Banks-Zaks fixed point of four dimensional Quantum Chromodynamics. Using a variety of colour groups and representations we calculate the location of the fixed point and corresponding critical exponents to pinpoint exactly where the true value of the conformal window lies. Additionally a number of different renormalization schemes are used, including the momentum subtraction (MOM) and interpolating momentum subtraction (iMOM) schemes. This allows us to study where in the conformal window scheme dependence is most apparent. Both the Landau gauge and maximal abelian gauge are utilized to extend the analysis. Throughout this thesis we compare and contrast perturbative results with non-perturbative calculations such as those performed in lattice.
title: Effects of Bradykinin on Calcium signalling and contractility of ureter
Creators: name: Alfituri, AM
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2017

description: The understanding of the mechanism, by which bradykinin (BK) effects ureteric contractility, is limited. The primary aim of this study was to determine the expression and the distribution of B2 receptors along the length of the ureter and study the effects of BK on Ca2+ signalling and contractile activity of the rat ureteric smooth muscle. Both the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent pathways, underlying the stimulant action of BK on the ureteric smooth muscle, have been investigated. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify the presence and the distribution of B2 receptors along the ureter. Confocal imaging combined with force measurements under different physiological conditions was used to study the effects of BK on Ca2+ signalling and force of the ureteric smooth muscle in situ. The effect of the selective blocker of Rho-associated kinase, Y-27632, on force/ Ca2+ relationship was investigated. It was found that the distribution of the B2 receptors is non-homologous along the length of the rat ureter, with the expression being greater in the upper ureter and lowest in the middle and the lower ureter. It was found that BK caused a complex contractile response, consisting of an initial phasic component, associated with the Ca2+ release from the store, which appeared as asynchronous Ca2+ waves, followed by a sustained component, associated with Ca2+ entry via store/receptor operated Ca2+ channels that was superimposed by multiple phasic contractions, associated with propagating intercellular Ca2+ waves. The L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, Nifedipine, selectively blocked the intercellular Ca2+ wave and the repeated phasic contraction, but had no effect on the initial phasic contraction, associated with the Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Nifedipine, also had no effect on the sustained slow component, associated with the Ca2+ entry via store/receptor operated Ca2+ channels. Y-27632 had no effects on the Ca2+ signalling, associated with the Ca2+ release from the store or the Ca2+ entry via store/receptor operated Ca2+ channels, but had significant inhibitory effects on the initial phasic and sustained tonic component of BK-induced contractile response. There was a significant reduction in the amplitude and an increase in the rate of relaxation of the initial phasic component, suggesting an increase of the activity of myosin light chain phosphatase, responsible for dephosphorylation of MLC20 and relaxation of force in the smooth muscles. Collectively, the data obtained indicate that both Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent mechanisms are involved in BK-induced stimulant action on the rat ureteric smooth muscle.
Additional file 1 of Alterations of gut microbiota diversity, composition and metabonomics in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia rats
Creators: name: Li, Lu-Yao
name: Han, Jie
name: Wu, Lan
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Li, Wei-Guang
name: Gu, Jia-Min
name: Deng, Tong
name: Qin, Chang-Jiang
name: Nie, Jia-Yan
name: Zeng, Xian-Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of 16S sequencing data volume between the two groups. Table S2 Enrichment table of metabolism pathway.
The Evolution of Circumstellar Disks Surrounding Intermediate Mass Stars: IC 1805
Creators: name: Wolff, S. C.
name: Strom, S. E.
name: Rebull, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a study of the intermediate and high mass stars in the young, rich star-forming complex IC 1805, based on a combination of optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared photometry, and classification spectra. These data provide the basis for characterizing the masses and ages for stars more massive than ~2 Msun and enable a study of the frequency and character of circumstellar disks associated with intermediate- and high-mass stars. Optically thick accretion disks among stars with masses 2 < M/Msun <4 are rare (~2% of members) and absent among more massive stars. A larger fraction (~10%) of stars with masses 2 < M/Msun < 4 appear to be surrounded by disks that have evolved from the initial optically thick accretion phase. We identify four classes of such disks. These classes are based on spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of excess emsission above photospheric levels: disks that are (1) optically thin based on the magnitude of the observed excess emission from 2 to 24 um; (2) optically thin in their inner regions (r< 20 AU) and optically thick in their outer regions; (3) exhibit empty inner regions (r < 10 AU) and optically thin emission in their outer regions; and (4) exhibit empty inner regions and optically thick outer regions. We discuss, and assess the merits and liabilities of, proposed explanations for disks exhibiting these SED types and suggest additional observations that would test these proposals.
description: Accepted to ApJ
title: Chenopodium capitatum
title: Blite goosefoot
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Chenopodiaceae
Chenopodium
capitatum

description: Family: Chenopodiaceae
description: Genus: Chenopodium
description: Species: capitatum
Table S1. Summary of the crosses performed. from Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids
Creators: name: Roco, Álvaro S.
name: Ruiz-García, Adrián
name: Bullejos, Mónica
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Summary of the crosses performed, indicating the mother ID and father ID, number of live tadpoles that survived after stage NF55 (N), and the number of samples analysed. 5n in the Cross ID designate an early cold shock applied to fertilized egg to produce allopentaploid offspring. Three post-metamorphic samples from cross X44 were given away to another laboratory. (*) Tadpoles from cross X197 were analysed before stage NF55 to assess the presence/absence of germ cells in the undifferentiated gonads. (**) Female Xl.65.H2 is daughter of Xl.2L.
Additional file 3 of Temporal changes in laboratory markers of survivors and non-survivors of adult inpatients with COVID-19
Creators: name: Song-Mao Ouyang
name: Zhu, Hong-Quan
name: Xie, Ying-Na
name: Zou, Zhi-Sheng
name: Zuo, Hui-Min
name: Rao, Yun-Wei
name: Liu, Xiao-Yan
name: Zhong, Bin
name: Chen, Xin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Fig. S1. Temporal changes of laboratory makers of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Laboratory test results of each time point is showed in average with 95% confidence intervals. If the lower 95% confidence interval is less than zero, it was replaced with zero. *, ** indicate that the P value of variance/welch test in survivors and non-survivors are between 0.001 and 0.05, less than 0.001 in the first test (above the first timescale point), and the last test (above the last timescale point), respectively.
Figure S2. X. laevis x X. tropicalis allotriploid hybrids (LST). Adult and tadpole phenotypes. from Interaction between sex-determining genes from two species: clues from Xenopus hybrids
Creators: name: Roco, Álvaro S.
name: Ruiz-García, Adrián
name: Bullejos, Mónica
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: X. laevis x X. tropicalis allotriploid hybrids (LST). A) Adult hybrid female (ID: X54.15) with evident cloaca and a characteristic waist (white arrow heads) not evident in the parental species. B) Normal hybrid tadpole (NF65). C) Hybrid tadpole with straight hind limbs. D) and E) Hybrid tadpoles with twisted hind limbs. F) and G) Hybrid tadpoles with massive oedema.
title: Oenothera cespitosa var marginata
title: Tufted evening primrose
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Onagraceae
Oenothera
cespitosa

description: Family: Onagraceae
description: Genus: Oenothera
description: Species: cespitosa
title: The development of new molecular tools to investigate epidermal Ca2+ homeostasis
Creators: name: Talbot, WJ
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2018

description: The calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger with well-established roles across many tissue systems. In the epidermis, Ca2+ has long been identified as a primary regulator of proliferation, differentiation, and barrier homeostasis. A gradient in Ca2+ has been observed with the general view that both intracellular and extracellular Ca2+ concentrations are lowest in the basal layer and peaking in the upper granular layer. Work in vitro has identified that modifications of extracellular Ca2+ dictate the proliferation state of keratinocytes. However, this extracellular switch has not been elucidated in vivo. In addition, despite defective Ca2+ uptake into organelles such as ER and golgi being shown to disrupt barrier homeostasis, only now is it emerging that mitochondria may play a significant role in epidermal homeostasis on regulation and differentiation as well as apoptosis. In this thesis, a bi-fold approach was taken in order to develop new molecular tools in order to allow the investigation into the role of extracellular Ca2+ in epidermis in vivo and the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ in proliferating and differentiating HaCaT keratinocytes. Firstly, two extracellular genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators targeted to the extracellular surface were designed and generated. The first CatchER, was unsuccessful despite protein production being confirmed. The second, green and red (G/R)-CEPIA1pm, was successfully targeted to the plasma membrane and using live cell imaging, Ca2+ sensitivity of the probe was confirmed. Incorporation of this novel probe into 3D-culture systems has the potential to throw new light on the role of extracellular Ca2+ in tissues. In order to investigate the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ on keratinocyte homeostasis, the recently described mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter was knocked out using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Using qPCR and Western blotting, the relative expression of some MCU family proteins was investigated. Mitochondrial aequorin was used to investigate Ca2+ handling in keratinocytes in proliferating or differentiating conditions. In addition, in the same conditions, proliferation studies were used in order to assess the effect of reduced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake on keratinocyte homeostasis. HaCaT keratinocytes grown in low Ca2+ proliferate at a higher rate than those in high Ca2+ conditions. This increased growth rate is accompanied by an increase in agonist-evoked mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and also a decrease in the gene expression of the MCU inhibitor, MICU2. HaCaT keratinocytes devoid of the MCU protein struggle to proliferate in high Ca2+ conditions, with cell death and cell senescence appearing to occur. This reduction in proliferation rate of MCU -/- HaCaT keratinocytes is partly rescued when grown in low Ca2+ conditions. These results indicate an important role for mitochondrial Ca2+ in keratinocyte and in turn, epidermal homeostasis.
The existence conditions for periodic motions of the Kowalevski gyrostat in double force field
Creators: name: Kharlamova, Irina I.
name: Smirnov, Gleb E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70E17, 70G40

description: Consider the integrable problem of motion of a gyrostat with the Kowalevski type inertia tensor in a double force field. We study the special periodic motions (the rank 1 critical points of the integral mapping) found by M.P. Kharlamov (Mekh. Tverd. Tela, No 37, 2007). Possible transformations inside the set of such motions depending on three essential parameters are studied. We obtain the analytical equations of the separating set and its singularities, point out the regions with different sets of motions. We find the image of the separating set in the space of parameters defining the bifurcation diagrams on iso-energetic levels. The most complicated calculations are fulfilled with the help of the computer system Mathematica 7.
description: LaTex, 13 pages
title: Balsamorhiza sagittata
title: Arrowleaf balsamroot
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Asteraceae
Balsamorhiza
sagittata

description: Family: Asteraceae
description: Genus: Balsamorhiza
description: Species: sagittata
Leaders in Social Networks, the Delicious Case
Creators: name: Lu, Linyuan
name: Zhang, Yi-Cheng
name: Yeung, Chi Ho
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Finding pertinent information is not limited to search engines. Online communities can amplify the influence of a small number of power users for the benefit of all other users. Users' information foraging in depth and breadth can be greatly enhanced by choosing suitable leaders. For instance in delicious.com, users subscribe to leaders' collection which lead to a deeper and wider reach not achievable with search engines. To consolidate such collective search, it is essential to utilize the leadership topology and identify influential users. Google's PageRank, as a successful search algorithm in the World Wide Web, turns out to be less effective in networks of people. We thus devise an adaptive and parameter-free algorithm, the LeaderRank, to quantify user influence. We show that LeaderRank outperforms PageRank in terms of ranking effectiveness, as well as robustness against manipulations and noisy data. These results suggest that leaders who are aware of their clout may reinforce the development of social networks, and thus the power of collective search.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, with supporting information
Expression and function of APELA : a potential regulator of cell growth in human cancers
Creators: name: Yi, Yuyin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Apela, a novel gene identified by our laboratory, is expressed in mouse definitive endoderm, neural tube, and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). In humans, APELA is expressed in embryonic stem cells, induced adult pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as well as adult kidney and prostate. APELA peptide signals through the G-protein coupled receptor, the APJ receptor, to regulate zebrafish definitive endoderm migration and cardiac development. Interestingly, the mRNA of Apela can mediate p53-dependent mESCs cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that Apela can functions as a peptide or as a lncRNA. Signaling pathways that are critical during embryogenesis are also important in cancer development and progression. However, thus far, whether APELA exerts any biological functions that regulate cancer progression is completely unknown. In this study, analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing datasets reveals that APELA mRNA is expressed in different human cancer including in ovarian cancer. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses of clinical human ovarian cancer samples show that APELA mRNA levels are higher in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC), than other subtypes. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout approach, I have demonstrated that APELA knockout suppresses cell growth in the ovarian clear cell carcinoma cell line, OVISE. Decreased cell growth induced by APELA knockout can be partially attenuated by treating cells with recombinant human APELA protein. In addition, flow cytometry analyses show that APELA knockout induces G2/M phase arrest in OVISE cells. Western blot results show that the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, AKT, and cyclin B1 expression levels are significantly down-regulated in the APELA deficient OVISE cells. Moreover, our results indicate that in the APELA knockout cells, decreased cell growth is dependent on the expression of wildtype p53. Unexpectedly, knockout APELA does not affect cell growth in Ewing sarcoma cell line A673, which has high expression of APELA at mRNA level. Interestingly, the APJ receptor is expressed in A673 cells but not in OVISE cells, which strongly suggests that APELA can exert its function through APJ-independent pathway in OVISE cells. In summary, our study demonstrates that APLEA may be an important factor that mediates the progression of OCCC.
Gram's Law and the Argument of the Riemann Zeta Function
Creators: name: Korolev, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11M26

description: In comparison with the previous version of this paper, the Introduction is slightly changed and some minor typos are deleted. All results are unchanged.
description: 29 pages
On the interpretation of the apparent existence of a preferred magnetic polarity in extragalactic jet sources
Creators: name: Königl, Arieh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contopoulos et al. recently argued that there is observational evidence for a preferred sense of the Faraday rotation-measure gradients across jets from active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Such behaviour could arise if there were a deterministic relationship between the polarity of the poloidal magnetic field that threads the outflow and the sense of rotation of the outflow's source. Based on this interpretation, Countopoulos et al. suggested that their finding supports a model for the origin of cosmic magnetic fields in a Poynting-Robertson process operating in AGN accretion discs. Here I point out that an alternative explanation of such a relationship could be that the Hall current plays a key role in the magnetohydrodynamics of the underlying disc. In this picture, the measured Faraday rotation is dominated by the contribution of a centrifugally driven wind that is launched from the weakly ionized outer region of the disc. Additional observations are, however, needed to verify the claimed behaviour.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, to appear in MNRAS (Letters)
title: Calochortus aureus
title: Golden mariposa lily
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Liliaceae
Calochortus
aureus

description: Family: Liliaceae
description: Genus: Calochortus
description: Species: aureus
title: Expression and regulation of key lysosomal effectors in RPE cells – Implications for Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Creators: name: Sharif, U
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2016

description: The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of highly specialised polarised post-mitotic cells that help maintain retinal homeostasis. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a phenomenon of the ageing process, in RPE and Bruch’s membrane (BrM) contribute to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in the western world. AGEs induced oxidative insult which causes proteins to misfold and become dysfunctional. Removal of misfolded dysfunctional proteins by the lysosome is critical for cell survival. Key effectors of lysosomal enzymatic activity are cathepsins. In addition to lysosomal function, cathepsins also exert extracellular functions. Cathepsins activity is regulated by endogenous inhibitors and the balance between proteases and their inhibitors regulate several crucial cellular processes such as autophagy, apoptosis and extracellular remodelling. The most abundantly expressed protease inhibitor from the RPE is cystatin C. In addition, cystatin C, an inhibitor of cathepsins B, L and S, is susceptible to age-related alterations. Furthermore, the polymorphism rs1063049 in the cystatin C gene (CST3) is genetically associated with susceptibility to exudative AMD. The understanding of the effects of ageing on the balance between cathepsins and their inhibitors and how dysregulation could contribute to pathological changes associated with AMD is of crucial importance. Therefore, the overall aim of this present study is: 1) to investigate the endogenous expression and secretion of cathepsins B, L and S in RPE cells; 2) to assess the impact of age-related stresses on expression/processing and activity of cathepsins and 3) to further investigate the genetic association of CST3 with exudative AMD. Immunoblot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis confirmed the presence cathepsins B, L and S in RPE cells. In addition, immunoblot analysis of conditioned media detected the presence of cathepsins B, L and S, indicative of their secretion. RPE cells exposed to AGEs exhibited alterations in cathepsin L, which showed decreased protein and activity levels. Finally, the genetic analysis study showed that the rs1063049 was associated with exudative AMD in a recessive manner. The results presented in this thesis showed that cathepsins are susceptible to age-related changes in RPE cells. Alterations of cathepsins may impair important lysosomal processes such as autophagy, which may influence the age-related dysfunction of RPE. In addition, the genetic association of CST3 gene with exudative AMD further supports that proteolytic dysregulation involving cathepsins and cystatin C is a crucial event that contributes to RPE dysfunction and subsequent development of disease states such as AMD.
title: Bellum Victurum - A War About to Live Again: A Study of Necromancy and Poetry in Lucan's Bellum Civile
Creators: name: Sanderson, Elaine
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2026

description: Lucan’s Bellum Civile professes to sing of past internecine strife as the great unmaking of the Roman world (Luc. 1.1-7) while reminding its readers of Rome’s survival through frequent references to Lucan’s contemporary surroundings, and hints towards the demise of earlier literary traditions while revealing these traditions as the building blocks of its own narrative. As much as the Bellum Civile delights in exploring the death of the living, it also delights in exploring the life of the dead, reanimating the civil war of 49-45 BC – Lucan’s bellum victurum – to live again through its fiery verses. Nowhere is this interest more apparent than in the elaborate necromancy carried out by the Thessalian witch Erictho at the bequest of Sextus Pompey (Luc. 6.507-830), a scene which engages extensively – obsessively, even – with the works of Lucan’s predecessors and thus positions the Bellum Civile within the wider epic tradition. This thesis examines the Bellum Civile’s necromancy – a triumph of this interest in life and death – as a major metapoetic episode, the overarching themes of which suggest that Lucan’s conception of his central civil war subject is far less pessimistic and more pragmatic than a surface reading of his epic might suggest. The first three chapters of this thesis focus upon three metapoetic tropes within the necromancy episode – i) the vates figure, ii) the body, and iii) ‘songs’ – and argue that Lucan’s negotiation of these tropes shows that his wider poetic programme is far more nuanced and constructive than previously assumed. The first chapter examines the Bellum Civile’s negotiation of the vates figure and identifies Erictho as a key internal figure aligned with Lucan’s own vatic self-identification through which Lucan reflects upon his position and powers as a poet. The second chapter looks at one area of Erictho’s necromantic activities – her use of bodily materials – and argues that the sophisticated and rational characteristics of her actions offer a foil through which to understand Lucan’s constructive acquisition and reuse of literary materials. The third chapter substantiates this reading with a close examination of the literary qualities of Erictho’s carmina, before turning to consider the often-overlooked corpse and its utterances and suggesting that Erictho’s powers of reanimation mirror Lucan’s own powers of poetic creation and control. The final chapter draws out the productive and progressive themes which characterise the Bellum Civile’s poetic programme as highlighted in the previous three chapters and proposes that Lucan presents a pragmatic picture of civil war not as the end of all things, but as a totalistic process of transformation which – for better or for worse – leaves behind a new Roman world in its wake.
Spectral decomposition of entangled photons with an arbitrary pump
Creators: name: Yao, Alison M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the bi-photon state generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion in a thin crystal and under collinear phase matching conditions using a pump consisting of any superposition of Laguerre-Gauss modes. The result has no restrictions on the angular or radial momenta or, in particular, on the width of the pump, signal and idler modes. We demonstrate the strong effect of the pump to signal/idler width ratio on the composition of the down-converted entangled fields. Knowledge of the pump to signal/idler width ratio is shown to be essential when calculating the maximally entangled states that can be produced using pumps with a complex spatial profile.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Spontaneous symmetry breaking of photonic and matter waves in two-dimensional pseudopotentials
Creators: name: Mayteevarunyoo, Thawatchai
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Reoksabutr, Athikom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii/nonlinear-Schrodinger (GP/NLS) equation with the self-focusing nonlinearity confined to two identical circles, separated or overlapped. The model can be realized in terms of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and photonic-crystal fibers. Following the recent analysis of the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) of localized modes trapped in 1D and 2D double-well nonlinear potentials (also known as pseudopotentials), we aim to find 2D solitons in the two-circle setting, using numerical methods and the variational approximation (VA). Well-separated circles support stable symmetric and antisymmetric solitons. The decrease of separation L between the circles leads to destabilization of the solitons. The symmetric modes undergo two SSB transitions. First, they are transformed into weakly asymmetric breathers, which is followed by a transition to single-peak modes trapped in one circle. The antisymmetric solitons perform a direct transition to the single-peak mode. The symmetric solitons are described reasonably well by the VA. For touching (L=0) and overlapping (L<0) circles, single-peak solitons are found-asymmetric ones, trapped in either circle, and symmetric solitons centered at the midpoint of the bi-circle configuration. If the overlap is weak, the symmetric soliton is unstable. It may spontaneously leap into either circle and perform shuttle motion in it. A region of stability of the symmetric solitons appears with the increase of the overlap degree. In the case of a moderately strong overlap, another SSB effect is found, in the form of a pair of symmetry-breaking and restoring bifurcations which link families of the symmetric and asymmetric solitons.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, Journal of Modern Optics, in press (special issue "Physics of Quantum Electronics - 2011")
Self-adjoint extensions and spectral analysis in the generalized Kratzer problem
Creators: name: Baldiotti, M. C.
name: Gitman, D. M.
name: Tyutin, I. V.
name: Voronov, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a mathematically rigorous quantum-mechanical treatment of a one-dimensional nonrelativistic motion of a particle in the potential field $V(x)=g_{1}x^{-1}+g_{2}x^{-2}$. For $g_{2}>0$ and $g_{1}<0$, the potential is known as the Kratzer potential and is usually used to describe molecular energy and structure, interactions between different molecules, and interactions between non-bonded atoms. We construct all self-adjoint Schrodinger operators with the potential $V(x)$ and represent rigorous solutions of the corresponding spectral problems. Solving the first part of the problem, we use a method of specifying s.a. extensions by (asymptotic) s.a. boundary conditions. Solving spectral problems, we follow the Krein's method of guiding functionals. This work is a continuation of our previous works devoted to Coulomb, Calogero, and Aharonov-Bohm potentials.
description: 31 pages, 1 figure
title: Antennaria parvifolia
title: Small-leaf pussytoes
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Asteraceae
Antennaria
parvifolia

description: Family: Asteraceae
description: Genus: Antennaria
description: Species: parvifolia
title: Achillea millefolium
title: Common yarrow
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dorn, Robert
name: Dorn, Jane
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2006
Subjects: Asteraceae
Achillea
millefolium

description: Family: Asteraceae
description: Genus: Achillea
description: Species: millefolium
The optical counterpart to IGR J06074+2205: a Be/X-ray binary showing disc loss and V/R variability
Creators: name: Reig, P.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Gkouvelis, L.
name: Cat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Present X-ray missions are regularly discovering new X/gamma-ray sources. The identification of the counterparts of these high-energy sources at other wavelengths is important to determine their nature. In particular, optical observations are an essential tool in the study of X-ray binary populations in our Galaxy. The main goal of this work is to determine the properties of the optical counterpart to the INTEGRAL source IGR J06074+2205, and study its long-term optical variability. Although its nature as a high-mass X-ray binary has been suggested, little is known about its physical parameters. We have been monitoring IGR J06074+2205 since 2006 in the optical band. We present optical photometric BVRI and spectroscopic observations covering the wavelength band 4000-7000 A. The blue spectra allow us to determine the spectral type and luminosity class of the optical companion; the red spectra, together with the photometric magnitudes, were used to derive the colour excess E(B-V) and estimate the distance. We have carried out the first detailed optical study of the massive component in the high-mass X-ray binary IGR J06074+2205. We find that the optical counterpart is a V=12.3 B0.5Ve star located at a distance of ~4.5 kpc. The monitoring of the Halpha line reveals V/R variability and an overall decline of its equivalent width. The Halpha line has been seen to revert from an emission to an absorption profile. We attribute this variability to global changes in the structure of the Be star's circumstellar disc which eventually led to the complete loss of the disc. The density perturbation that gives rise to the V/R variability vanishes when the disc becomes too small.
description: to be published in A&A
title: Understanding the Role of the Solid Tumour Microenvironment in Brain Tumour Progression
Creators: name: Richards, R
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2017

description: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumour and has an extremely poor prognosis. The invasion of tumour cells into normal brain tissue makes complete surgical removal impossible; GBM is also resistant to treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Our aim was to investigate how GBM cell proliferation, survival and invasion is affected by the solid tumour microenvironment. Although GBM is highly vascularised, the abnormal structure and function of tumour blood vessels results in an inadequate supply of oxygen (hypoxia). Hypoxia is known to promote tumour progression; however, the effect of hypoxia on cell proliferation has not been well characterised. We performed a systematic investigation into the effects of different oxygen levels on the cell cycle. In contrast to the prevailing hypothesis, we found that long-term exposure to pathophysiological levels of hypoxia (1–8% O2) does not affect cell proliferation and viability and that even severe hypoxia (0.1% O2) has only minimal effects. We next sought to characterise the effect of hypoxia in multicellular tumour spheroids: 3D cell clusters that replicate important aspects of the tumour microenvironment. We characterised spheroids in terms of proliferation, survival and oxygenation and found that, in this more complex model, hypoxia was associated with reduced proliferation. We then used spheroids to develop a novel method for imaging cellular migration and invasion in 3D using lightsheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). We imaged spheroids over 24 h and then quantified the movements of up to 1200 cells per spheroid in terms of speed and straightness of movement. We were able to compare the movement of cells in different regions of spheroids, gaining insight into the behaviour of quiescent cells in the core of large (~500 μm), heterogeneous spheroids that had been exposed to hypoxia. This technique can be used to investigate the effect of the tumour microenvironment on cell motility and to gain insight into the mechanism of drugs that hinder the process of invasion.