cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acute bladder decentralization in hound dogs: Preliminary results of effects on hypogastric nerve electroneurograms and detrusor pressure responses to spinal root and hypogastric nerve stimulation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Animals
Dogs
Electric Stimulation
Evoked Potentials
Isoflurane
Neurons, Afferent
Neurons, Efferent
Propofol
Spinal Nerve Roots
Sympathetic Nervous System
Urinary Bladder

description: © 2019 Tiwari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Objective We aimed to refine electroneurogram techniques for monitoring hypogastric nerve activity during bladder filling, and then examined nerve activity in normal intact versus acutely decentralized bladders. Methods Effects of electrical stimulation of hypogastric nerves or lumbar ventral roots on detrusor pressure were examined, as were effects of isoflurane versus propofol anesthetics on hypogastric nerve stimulation evoked pressure. Hypogastric nerve activity was then recorded using custom-made bipolar cuff electrodes during bladder filling before and after its transection between the spinal cord and electrode to eliminate efferent nerve signals. Results Electrical stimulation of hypogastric nerves evoked low amplitude detrusor pressures that did not differ between the two anesthetics. Upper lumbar (L2) ventral root stimulation evoked detrusor pressures were suppressed, yet not eliminated, after transection of hypogastric nerves and all spinal roots below L5. Afferent and efferent hypogastric nerve activity did not change with bladder filling in neuronally intact bladders yet decreased in decentralized bladders. No change in afferent activity was observed during bladder filling in either intact or decentralized bladders. Conclusions These findings indicate that a more complete decentralized bladder model should include transection of lumbosacral spinal roots innervating the bladder as well as hypogastric nerves. These refined electroneurogram recording methods may be suitable for evaluating the effectiveness of nerve transfer surgeries for bladder reinnervation by monitoring sensory activity in the transferred nerve.
Input Invariants
Creators: name: Steinhöfel, Dominic
name: Zeller, Andreas
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: How can we generate valid system inputs? Grammar-based fuzzers are highly efficient in producing syntactically valid system inputs. However, programs will often reject inputs that are semantically invalid. We introduce ISLa, a declarative specification language for context-sensitive properties of structured system inputs based on context-free grammars. With ISLa, it is possible to specify input constraints like “a variable has to be defined before it is used,” “the ‘file name’ block must be 100 bytes long,” or “the number of columns in all CSV rows must be identical.” Such constraints go into the ISLa fuzzer, which leverages the power of solvers like Z3 to solve semantic constraints and, on top, handles quantifiers and predicates over grammar structure. We show that a few ISLa constraints suffice to produce 100% semantically valid inputs while still maintaining input diversity. ISLa can also parse and precisely validate inputs against semantic constraints. ISLa constraints can be mined from existing input samples. For this, our ISLearn prototype uses a catalog of common patterns, instantiates these over input elements, and retains those candidates that hold for the inputs observed and whose instantiations are fully accepted by input-processing programs. The resulting constraints can then again be used for fuzzing and parsing.
The Application of Hybrid media for the Mitigation of Methane Emissions through Biofiltration
Creators: name: La, Helen
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methane oxidation
subject: Biofiltration
subject: Greenhouse Gas
subject: Methanotroph
subject: Methane
subject: Adsorption
subject: Biochar
subject: Lava rock
subject: Compost
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: Engineering--Civil

description: The on-going annual increase in global CH4 emissions can be largely attributed to anthropogenic activities. However, as more than half of these emissions are diffuse and possess a concentration less than 3% (v/v), physical-chemical treatments are inefficient as an abatement technology. In this regard, biotechnologies, such as biofiltration using methane-oxidizing bacteria, or methanotrophs, are a cost-effective and efficient means to combat diffuse CH4 emissions. Utilizing a packing material such as biochar that has a high sorption potential may increase the contact time required for improving removal efficiencies of CH4. As CH4 biofiltration requires water addition to maintain microbial activity, the results from the adsorption experiments indicate adsorption capacity is not lost with water addition if biochar is the dominant packing material. Additionally, fixed bed columns of biochar may be a reliable back-up system to a hybrid system for CH4 biofiltration especially for high inlet loads. Generally, increasing the compost content of the packing material, water content, and inlet flow rate together has the most damaging effect on adsorption. The results from batch studies indicate lava rock and biochar can support the growth of methanotrophs for the oxidation of CH4 to CO2. Nitrogen additions of up to 191 g (N)/m3 matrix maximized oxidation activities but inhibited it at concentrations above this value. The methanotrophs likely enter into a starvation phase (or a stationary phase of growth where the population may cease to divide but remain metabolically active) in response to unfavorable nitrogen conditions and their CH4 oxidation activities eventually recover as toxic NH3/NO3 intermediates are further oxidized during nitrogen metabolism. Column biofiltration experiments demonstrated that a 7:1 volumetric mixture of biochar and compost can successfully remove up to 877 g CH4/m3·d with empty-bed residence times of 82.8 minutes. As a biologically-active material, compost served as the sole source of nutrients and inoculum for the biofilters which greatly simplified the operation of the system. Higher elimination capacities may be possible with higher compost content such as a 1:1 ratio of either biochar or lava rock, while maintaining the empty-bed residence time at 82.8 minutes.
Does interacting with trustworthy people enhance mindfulness? An experience sampling study of mindfulness in everyday situations
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Female
Humans
Interpersonal Relations
Leadership
Male
Mindfulness
Personal Satisfaction
Sampling Studies
Trust
Young Adult

description: © 2019 Kudesia, Reina. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Mindfulness is known to increase after meditation interventions. But might features of our everyday situations outside of meditation not also influence our mindfulness from moment-to-moment? Drawing from psychological research on interpersonal trust, we suggest that interacting with trustworthy people could influence the expression of mindfulness. And, extending this research on trust, we further suggest that the influence of trustworthy social interactions on mindfulness could proceed through two pathways: a particularized pathway (where specific interactions that are especially high (or low) in trustworthiness have an immediate influence on mindfulness) or a generalized pathway (where the typical level of trustworthiness a person perceives across all their interactions exerts a more stable influence on their mindfulness). To explore these two pathways, study participants (N = 201) repeatedly reported their current levels of mindfulness and their prior interactions with trustworthy leaders and teammates during their everyday situations using an experience sampling protocol (n = 3,605 reports). Results from mixed-effects models provide little support for the particularized pathway: specific interactions with trustworthy leaders and teammates had little immediate association with mindfulness. The generalized pathway, however, was strongly associated with mindfulness—and remained incrementally predictive beyond relevant individual differences and features of situations. In sum, people who typically interact with more trustworthy partners may become more mindful.
A faster pseudo-primality test
Creators: name: Couveignes, Jean-Marc
name: Ezome, Tony
name: Lercier, Reynald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11Y11

description: We propose a pseudo-primality test using cyclic extensions of $\mathbb Z/n \mathbb Z$. For every positive integer $k \leq \log n$, this test achieves the security of $k$ Miller-Rabin tests at the cost of $k^{1/2+o(1)}$ Miller-Rabin tests.
description: Published in Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo Journal, Springer
Regularity in Weighted Graphs a Symmetric Function Approach
Creators: name: Mishna, Marni
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2018
Subjects: regular graphs, symmetric functions, D-finite, generating functions

description: This work describes how the class of k-regular multigraphs with edge multiplicities from a finite set can be expressed using symmetric species results of Mendez. Consequently, the generating functions can be computed systematically using the scalar product of symmetric functions. This gives conditions on when the classes are D-finite using criteria of Gessel, and a potential route to asymptotic enumeration formulas.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 13, No 2 (2018)
Mobile health-based physical activity intervention for individuals with spinal cord injury in the community: A pilot study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Adult
Energy Metabolism
Exercise
Female
Fitness Trackers
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Paraplegia
Pilot Projects
Spinal Cord Injuries
Telemedicine
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult

description: © 2019 Hiremath et al. Low levels of physical activity (PA) and high levels of sedentary behavior in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have been associated with secondary conditions such as pain, fatigue, weight gain, and deconditioning. One strategy for promoting regular PA is to provide people with an accurate estimate of everyday PA level. The objective of this research was to use a mobile health-based PA measurement system to track PA levels of individuals with SCI in the community and provide them with a behavior-sensitive, just-in-time-adaptive intervention (JITAI) to improve their PA levels. The first, second, and third phases of the study, each with a duration of one month, involved collecting baseline PA levels, providing near-real-time feedback on PA level (PA Feedback), and providing PA Feedback with JITAI, respectively. PA levels in terms of energy expenditure in kilocalories, and minutes of lightand moderate- or vigorous-intensity PA were assessed by an activity monitor during the study. Twenty participants with SCI took part in this research study with a mean (SD) age of 39.4 (12.8) years and 12.4 (12.5) years since injury. Sixteen participants completed the study. Sixteen were male, 16 had paraplegia, and 12 had complete injury. Within-participant comparisons indicated that only two participants had higher energy expenditure (>10%) or lower energy expenditure (
M3.5 Draft Description of FAIRsFAIR's Transition Support Programme for Repositories
Creators: name: Grootveld, Marjan
name: Whyte, Angus
name: Davidson, Joy
name: Herterich, Patricia
name: Nordling, Josefine
name: Van Horik, Rene
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FAIR
repositories
support programme
data repositories
interoperability
FAIR data point
CoreTrustSeal certification
FAIRsFAIR

description: FAIRsFAIR is working to better define good practice for repositories through our involvement in certification efforts that enable FAIR data. This draft document describes a proposed programme of support which will help repositories to adopt these emerging good practices. There is a focus on supporting FAIR data provision, improved handling and integration of metadata, and an increased emphasis on data stewardship to ensure data remains FAIR in the long term. This brief description outlines some of the actions that can help repositories on their journey towards better alignment with the FAIR data principles and the support that FAIRSFAIR could provide. Please help us to shape the work FAIRsFAIR will do over the remainder of the project to develop and provide support for repositories of all types. We eagerly look for your feedback on: the recommended actions - do these reflect your repository mission and aims? Have we missed something? the support that FAIRsFAIR could provide - are some of the suggested support areas more helpful for your repository than others? Is there anything missing? Feedback was collected between July 7 and August 21, 2020. From the feedback received, FAIRsFAIR will prioritise its activities to develop guidance and provide support. The prioritised plan will be shared in the final version of the support programme in October 2020 (D3.5 Transition Support Programme for Repositories).  
Metaphorical and non-metaphorical imagery use in vocal pedagogy : an investigation of underlying cognitive organisational constructs
Creators: name: Jestley, Jennifer Aileen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study investigates the metaphorical and non-metaphorical imagery used by voice teachers for pedagogical purposes. The study objectives were to investigate what—if any—underlying pictorial, structural, and/or conceptual approaches governed the expressions employed. In order to analyse the expressions offered by the voice teachers, I drew on linguist George Lakoff’s and philosopher/linguist Mark Johnson’s conceptual metaphor theory for help in revealing cross-domain mapping. I employed two components of their theory in order to account for the logic which connects singers’ shared embodied experiences with the non-imagistic realm of tone creation, and borrowed from a third component to show a particular underlying conceptual image which holistically organised a number of discrete expressions and actions in singing. To address my objectives, I carried out an instrumental case study at a university and a community college located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The data came from interviews with six voice teachers working at these two institutes, and covered four broad categories commonly addressed in vocal pedagogy: Body alignment, Breath management, Resonance/Phonation, and Sound production. My findings clearly indicated that the voice teachers participating in this study employed all three organizational constructs. The analysis showed that the underlying structures involved in these constructs had sufficient internal structure to constrain meaning and reasoning. Even abstract concepts such as the colour and quality of tone were shown to be constrained by embodied experience through a process of association. Such transferences of information indicated that the expressions examined were not arbitrarily construed, despite arguments to the contrary. Notably, this study establishes a basis for contending that the three constructs which emerged from the data qualify as the “common [vocabularies]” which the vocal community has long sought to establish (Cleveland, 1989, p. 41).
Geometric Origins of Atomic Spectra and the Fine-Structure Constant in the Ω-Model
Creators: name: Brent Jarvis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Physics
subject: Physics/methods
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Particle physics
subject: Atomic physics
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Quantum physics
subject: Plasma physics
subject: Theoretical physics

description: The Ω-Model presents a unified framework in which gravity, electromagnetism, and quantum behavior emerge from dual-frequency geometric curvature on a horn torustopology. In this work, we develop a refined formulation of the model to predict atomic spectral lines with high precision, introducing a geometrically defined effectivenuclear charge Zgeo that accounts for internal torsional shielding. A generalized scaling law for the torsional frequency enables the accurate reproduction of atomic transition energies across a wide range of elements. By expressing the fine-structure constant α as the curvature-induced ratio γ/f1, the model naturally explains both the observed constancy of α and its potential variation in high-curvature regimes, including muonic atoms and black hole environments. These findings establish the Ω-Model as a predictive geometric framework that bridges atomic physics and general relativistic curvature, offering insight into the possible running of physical constants in torsion-dense spacetime.
Healthcare Options for People Experiencing Depression (HOPE∗D): The development and pilot testing of an encounter-based decision aid for use in primary care
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: decision aid
decision support
depression
mental health care
primary care
shared decision-making
Adult
Aged
Attitude of Health Personnel
Decision Making, Shared
Decision Support Techniques
Depressive Disorder
Feasibility Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Patient Participation
Pilot Projects
Primary Health Care
Young Adult

description: © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. Objective To develop and pilot an encounter-based decision aid (eDA) for people with depression for use in primary care. Design We developed an eDA for depression through cognitive interviews and pilot tested it using a one-group pretest, post-Test design in primary care. Feasibility, fidelity of eDA use and acceptability were assessed using recruitment rates and semistructured interviews with patients, medical assistants and clinicians. Treatment choice and shared decision-making (SDM) were also assessed. Setting Interviews with adult patients and the public were conducted in a mall and library in Grafton County, New Hampshire, while clinician interviews took place by phone or at the clinician's office. Pilot testing occurred in a New Hampshire primary care practice. Participants Cognitive interviews were conducted with adults, ≥18 years, who could read English from the following stakeholder groups: history of depression, the public and clinicians. Patients with a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of ≥5 were recruited for piloting. Results Three stages of cognitive interviews were conducted (n=28). Changes to eDA included moving the combination therapy information and access to treatment information, adding colour, modifying pictograms and editing the talk-Therapy description. Clinician concerns about patient health literacy were not reflected in patient interviews. Of 59 patients who reviewed study information, 56 were eligible and agreed to participate in pilot testing; however, only 29 could be reached for follow-up. The eDA was widely accepted, though clinicians did not always use it as intended. We found no impact of eDA use on SDM, though patients chose a wider range of treatment options. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of the use of an eDA for depression in primary care that was widely accepted. Further research is needed to improve the fidelity with which the eDA is used and to assess its impact on SDM and related health outcomes.
Plant 'n' Seek: Can You Find the Winning Ticket?
Creators: name: Fischer, Jonas
name: Burkholz, Rebekka
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The lottery ticket hypothesis has sparked the rapid development of pruning algorithms that perform structure learning by identifying a sparse subnetwork of a large randomly initialized neural network. The existence of such 'winning tickets' has been proven theoretically but at suboptimal sparsity levels. Contemporary pruning algorithms have furthermore been struggling to identify sparse lottery tickets for complex learning tasks. Is this suboptimal sparsity merely an artifact of existence proofs and algorithms or a general limitation of the pruning approach? And, if very sparse tickets exist, are current algorithms able to find them or are further improvements needed to achieve effective network compression? To answer these questions systematically, we derive a framework to plant and hide target architectures within large randomly initialized neural networks. For three common challenges in machine learning, we hand-craft extremely sparse network topologies, plant them in large neural networks, and evaluate state-of-the-art lottery ticket pruning methods. We find that current limitations of pruning algorithms to identify extremely sparse tickets are likely of algorithmic rather than fundamental nature and anticipate that our planting framework will facilitate future developments of efficient pruning algorithms, as we have addressed the issue of missing baselines in the field raised by Frankle et al.
Effects of the senior welfare center exercise program on body shape, physical fitness level, and cardiovascular health-related factors in old man from Korean rural areas
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Body shape
Cardiovascular health-related factors
Combined exercise training program
Korean rural areas
Old men
Physical fitness

description: © 2019 Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in body shape, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health-related factors after a 1-year combined exercise program in rural old men. Subjects were fourteen old men with more than 65 years of age living in Korean rural areas. The combined exercise program consisted of 90-min dynamic and static exercise sessions at a frequency of 3 days per week. Body shape (body weight [BW], body fat percentage [%BF], muscle mass [MM], body mass index [BMI], waist hip ratio [WHR]) and physical fit-ness levels (grip strength, standing up-right, one leg standing, sit and reach, and 2-min walking) were measured before, 6 months and 1 year after the program started. Cardiovascular health-related factors, includ-ing blood glucose, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pres-sure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. There were no significant changes in BW, BMI, %BF, and MM after the training. WHR was significantly decreased at 6 months and 1-year follow-up points compared to baseline. There was no statistically significant difference in grip strength, but there was a significant increase after 6 months and 1 year after standing up right, one leg standing, sit and reach, and 2-min walking tests. There were no significant differences in the levels of glucose, SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-c, and TG, but there was a significant increase in HDL-c after 1-year.
Ergodic Jacobi matrices and conformal maps
Creators: name: Hur, Injo
name: Remling, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47B36 81Q10 30C20

description: We study structural properties of the Lyapunov exponent $γ$ and the density of states $k$ for ergodic (or just invariant) Jacobi matrices in a general framework. In this analysis, a central role is played by the function $w=-γ+iπk$ as a conformal map between certain domains. This idea goes back to Marchenko and Ostrovskii, who used this device in their analysis of the periodic problem.
Effect of deinstitutionalisation on quality of life for adults with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: deinstitutionalisation
intellectual disabilities
quality of life
Adult
Deinstitutionalization
Humans
Intellectual Disability
Quality of Life

description: © 2019 Author(s). Objective To review systematically the evidence on how deinstitutionalisation affects quality of life (QoL) for adults with intellectual disabilities. Design Systematic review. Population Adults (aged 18 years and over) with intellectual disabilities. Interventions A move from residential to community setting. Primary and secondary outcome measures Studies were eligible if evaluating effect on QoL or life quality, as defined by study authors. Search We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EconLit, Embase and Scopus to September 2017 and supplemented this with grey literature searches. We assessed study quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme suite of tools, excluding those judged to be of poor methodological quality. Results Thirteen studies were included; eight quantitative studies, two qualitative, two mixed methods studies and one case study. There was substantial agreement across quantitative and qualitative studies that a move to community living was associated with improved QoL. QoL for people with any level of intellectual disabilities who move from any type of institutional setting to any type of community setting was increased at up to 1 year postmove (standardised mean difference [SMD] 2.03; 95% CI [1.21 to 2.85], five studies, 246 participants) and beyond 1 year postmove (SMD 2.34. 95% CI [0.49 to 4.20], three studies, 160 participants), with total QoL change scores higher at 24 months comparative to 12 months, regardless of QoL measure used. Conclusion Our systematic review demonstrated a consistent pattern that moving to the community was associated with improved QoL compared with the institution. It is recommended that gaps in the evidence base, for example, with regard to growing populations of older people with intellectual disability and complex needs are addressed.
Binding number, minimum degree and (g,f)-factors of graphs
Creators: name: Yashima, Takamasa
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2018
Subjects: Graph Theory

description: Let a and b be integers with 2<= a< b, and let G be a graph of order n with n>= (a+b-1)^2/(a+1) and the minimum degree \delta(G)<= 1+(((b-2)n)/(a+b-1)).
Let g and f be nonnegative integer-valued functions defined on V(G) such that a<= g(x)=1+((b-2)/(a+1)), then G has a (g,f)-factor.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 13, No 2 (2018)
A large-scale concurrent data anonymous batch verification scheme for mobile healthcare crowd sensing
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Aggregate signature (AS)
batch verification
mobile healthcare crowd sensing (MHCS)
privacy preservation

description: © 2014 IEEE. Recently, with the rapid development of big data, Internet of Things (IoT) brings more and more intelligent and convenient services to people's daily lives. Mobile healthcare crowd sensing (MHCS), as a typical application of IoT, is becoming an effective approach to provide various medical and healthcare services to individual or organizations. However, MHCS still have to face to different security challenges in practice. For example, how to quickly and effectively authenticate masses of bio-information uploaded by IoT terminals without revealing the owners' sensitive information. Therefore, we propose a large-scale concurrent data anonymous batch verification scheme for MHCS based on an improved certificateless aggregate signature. The proposed scheme can authenticate all sensing bio-information at once in a privacy preserving way. The individual data generated by different users can be verified in batch, while the actual identity of participants is hidden. Moreover, assuming the intractability of computational Diffie-Hellman problem, our scheme is proved to be secure. Finally, the performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme is suitable for MHCS, due to its high efficiency.
Centrality and transverse momentum dependence of D0 -meson production at mid-rapidity in Au + Au collisions at s NN =200 GeV
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: nucl-ex
hep-ex

description: © 2019 American Physical Society. We report a new measurement of D0-meson production at mid-rapidity (|y|<1) in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200GeV utilizing the heavy flavor tracker, a high resolution silicon detector at the STAR experiment. Invariant yields of D0 mesons with transverse momentum pT9GeV/c are reported in various centrality bins (0-10%, 10-20%, 20-40%, 40-60%, and 60-80%). Blast-wave thermal models are used to fit the D0-meson pT spectra to study D0 hadron kinetic freeze-out properties. The average radial flow velocity extracted from the fit is considerably smaller than that of light hadrons (π,K, and p), but comparable to that of hadrons containing multiple strange quarks (φ,Ξ-), indicating that D0 mesons kinetically decouple from the system earlier than light hadrons. The calculated D0 nuclear modification factors reaffirm that charm quarks suffer a large amount of energy loss in the medium, similar to those of light quarks for pT>4GeV/c in central 0-10% Au + Au collisions. At low pT, the nuclear modification factors show a characteristic structure qualitatively consistent with the expectation from model predictions that charm quarks gain sizable collective motion during the medium evolution. The improved measurements are expected to offer new constraints to model calculations and help gain further insights into the hot and dense medium created in these collisions.
Some remarks on the lonely runner conjecture
Creators: name: Tao, Terence
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2018
Subjects: Lonely runner conjecture; Bohr sets

description: The lonely runner conjecture of Wills and Cusick, in its most popular formulation, asserts that if $n$ runners with distinct constant speeds run around a unit circle $\R/\Z$ starting at a common time and place, then each runner will at some time be separated by a distance of at least 1/(n+1) from the others.  In this paper we make some remarks on this conjecture.  Firstly, we can improve the trivial lower bound of 1/(2n) slightly for large n, to (1/(2n)) + (c \log n)/(n^2 (\log\log n)^2) for some absolute constant c>0; previous improvements were roughly of the form (1/(2n)) + c/n^2.  Secondly, we show that to verify the conjecture, it suffices to do so under the assumption that the speeds are integers of size n^{O(n^2)}.  We also obtain some results in the case when all the velocities are integers of size O(n).
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 13, No 2 (2018)
Lattice-based Signatures with Tight Adaptive Corruptions and More
Creators: name: Pan, Jiaxin
name: Wagner, Benedikt
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: We construct the first tightly secure signature schemes in the multi-user setting with adaptive corruptions from lattices. In stark contrast to the previous tight constructions whose security is solely based on number-theoretic assumptions, our schemes are based on the Learning with Errors (LWE) assumption which is supposed to be post-quantum secure. The security of our scheme is independent of the numbers of users and signing queries, and it is in the non-programmable random oracle model. Our LWE-based scheme is compact namely, its signatures contain only a constant number of lattice vectors. At the core of our construction are a new abstraction of the existing lossy identification (ID) schemes using dual-mode commitment schemes and a refinement of the framework by Diemert et al. (PKC 2021) which transforms a lossy ID scheme to a signature using sequential OR proofs. In combination, we obtain a tight generic construction of signatures from dual-mode commitments in the multi-user setting. Improving the work of Diemert et al., our new approach can be instantiated using not only the LWE assumption, but also an isogeny-based assumption. We stress that our LWE-based lossy ID scheme in the intermediate step uses a conceptually different idea than the previous lattice-based ones. Of independent interest, we formally rule out the possibility that the aforementioned ``ID-to-Signature'' methodology can work tightly using parallel OR proofs. In addition to the results of Fischlin et al. (EUROCRYPT 2020), our impossibility result shows a qualitative difference between both forms of OR proofs in terms of tightness.
Hipparcos: a Retrospective
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hipparcos satellite was launched in 1989. It was the first, and remains to date the only, attempt at performing large-scale astrometric measurements from space. Hipparcos marked a fundamentally new approach to the field of astrometry, revolutionising our knowledge of the positions, distances, and space motions of the stars in the solar neighbourhood. In this retrospective, I look back at the processes which led to the mission's acceptance, provide a short summary of the underlying measurement principles and the experiment's scientific achievements, and a conclude with a brief summary of its principal legacy - the Gaia mission.
description: European Astronomical Society Tycho Brahe Prize Lecture 2011 (18 pages, 4 figures)
Influence of multiple-sequence-alignment depth on Potts statistical models of protein covariation
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Algorithms
Amino Acid Sequence
Computer Simulation
Models, Genetic
Models, Molecular
Models, Statistical
Mutation
Protein Conformation
Proteins
Sequence Alignment

description: © 2019 American Physical Society. Potts statistical models have become a popular and promising way to analyze mutational covariation in protein multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) in order to understand protein structure, function, and fitness. But the statistical limitations of these models, which can have millions of parameters and are fit to MSAs of only thousands or hundreds of effective sequences using a procedure known as inverse Ising inference, are incompletely understood. In this work we predict how model quality degrades as a function of the number of sequences N, sequence length L, amino-acid alphabet size q, and the degree of conservation of the MSA, in different applications of the Potts models: in "fitness" predictions of individual protein sequences, in predictions of the effects of single-point mutations, in "double mutant cycle" predictions of epistasis, and in 3D contact prediction in protein structure. We show how as MSA depth N decreases an "overfitting" effect occurs such that sequences in the training MSA have overestimated fitness, and we predict the magnitude of this effect and discuss how regularization can help correct for it, using a regularization procedure motivated by statistical analysis of the effects of finite sampling. We find that as N decreases the quality of point-mutation effect predictions degrade least, fitness and epistasis predictions degrade more rapidly, and contact predictions are most affected. However, overfitting becomes negligible for MSA depths of more than a few thousand effective sequences, as often used in practice, and regularization becomes less necessary. We discuss the implications of these results for users of Potts covariation analysis.
Maximum speed of dewetting on a fiber
Creators: name: Chan, Tak Shing
name: Gueudré, Thomas
name: Snoeijer, Jacco H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A solid object can be coated by a nonwetting liquid since a receding contact line cannot exceed a critical speed. We theoretically investigate this forced wetting transition for axisymmetric menisci on fibers of varying radii. First, we use a matched asymptotic expansion and derive the maximum speed of dewetting. For all radii we find the maximum speed occurs at vanishing apparent contact angle. To further investigate the transition we numerically determine the bifurcation diagram for steady menisci. It is found that the meniscus profiles on thick fibers are smooth, even when there is a film deposited between the bath and the contact line, while profiles on thin fibers exhibit strong oscillations. We discuss how this could lead to different experimental scenarios of film deposition.
Scene parsing via dense recurrent neural networks with attentional selection
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: cs.CV

description: © 2019 IEEE. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown the ability to improve scene parsing through capturing long-range dependencies among image units. In this paper, we propose dense RNNs for scene labeling by exploring various long-range semantic dependencies among image units. Different from existing RNN based approaches, our dense RNNs are able to capture richer contextual dependencies for each image unit by enabling immediate connections between each pair of image units, which significantly enhances their discriminative power. Besides, to select relevant dependencies and meanwhile to restrain irrelevant ones for each unit from dense connections, we introduce an attention model into dense RNNs. The attention model allows automatically assigning more importance to helpful dependencies while less weight to unconcerned dependencies. Integrating with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we develop an end-to-end scene labeling system. Extensive experiments on three large-scale benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed approach can improve the baselines by large margins and outperform other state-of-the-art algorithms.
A privacy-preserving traffic monitoring scheme via vehicular crowdsourcing
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: traffic monitoring
speed
privacy-preserving
vehicular crowdsourcing

description: © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The explosive number of vehicles has given rise to a series of traffic problems, such as traffic congestion, road safety, and fuel waste. Collecting vehicles’ speed information is an effective way to monitor the traffic conditions and avoid vehicles’ congestion, however it may threaten vehicles’ location and trajectory privacy. Motivated by the fact that traffic monitoring does not need to know each individual vehicle’s speed and the average speed would be sufficient, we propose a privacy-preserving traffic monitoring (PPTM) scheme to aggregate vehicles’ speeds at different locations. In PPTM, the roadside unit (RSU) collects vehicles’ speed information at multiple road segments, and further cooperates with a service provider to calculate the average speed information for every road segment. To preserve vehicles’ privacy, both homomorphic Paillier cryptosystem and super-increasing sequence are adopted. A comprehensive security analysis indicates that the proposed PPTM can preserve vehicles’ identities, speeds, locations, and trajectories privacy from being disclosed. In addition, extensive simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed PPTM scheme.
Committed to Trust: A Qualitative Study on Security and Trust in Open Source Software Projects
Creators: name: Dominik.Wermke
name: Wöhler, Noah
name: Klemmer, Jan H.
name: Fourné, Marcel
name: Acar, Yasemin
name: Fahl, Sascha
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Open Source Software plays an important role in many software ecosystems. Whether in operating systems, network stacks, or as low-level system drivers, software we encounter daily is permeated with code contributions from open source projects. Decentralized development and open collaboration in open source projects introduce unique challenges: code submissions from unknown entities, limited personpower for commit or dependency reviews, and bringing new contributors up-to-date in projects' best practices & processes. In 27 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with owners, maintainers, and contributors from a diverse set of open source projects, we investigate their security and trust practices. For this, we explore projects' behind-the-scene processes, provided guidance & policies, as well as incident handling & encountered challenges. We find that our participants' projects are highly diverse both in deployed security measures and trust processes, as well as their underlying motivations. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for the open source software ecosystem and how the research community can better support open source projects in trust and security considerations. Overall, we argue for supporting open source projects in ways that consider their individual strengths and limitations, especially in the case of smaller projects with low contributor numbers and limited access to resources.
Calibration of activity-related energy expenditure in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Accelerometry
Calibration
Doubly labeled water
Indirect calorimetry
Measurement error
Self-assessment

description: © 2018 Sports Medicine Australia Objectives: Usual physical activity (PA) is a complex exposure and typical instruments to measure aspects of PA are subject to measurement error, from systematic biases and biological variability. This error can lead to biased estimates of associations between PA and health outcomes. We developed a calibrated physical activity measure that adjusts for measurement error in both self-reported and accelerometry measures of PA in adults from the US Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a community-based cohort study. Design: Total energy expenditure (TEE) from doubly labeled water and resting energy expenditure (REE) from indirect calorimetry were measured in 445 men and women aged 18–74 years in 2010–2012, as part of the HCHS/SOL Study of Latinos: Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS). Measurements were repeated in a subset (N = 98) 6 months later. Method: Calibration equations for usual activity-related energy expenditure (AEE = 0.90 × TEE-REE) were developed by regressing this objective biomarker on self-reported PA and sedentary behavior, Actical accelerometer PA, and other subject characteristics. Results: Age, weight and height explained a significant amount of variation in AEE. Actical PA and wear-time were important predictors of AEE; whereas, self-reported PA was not independently associated with AEE. The final calibration equation explained fifty percent of variation in AEE. Conclusions: The developed calibration equations can be used to obtain error-corrected associations between PA and health outcomes in HCHS/SOL. Our study represents a unique opportunity to understand the measurement characteristics of PA instruments in an under-studied Hispanic/Latino cohort.
On the order of appearance of product of consecutive Fibonacci numbers
Creators: name: Pongsriiam, Prapanpong
name: Khaochim, Narissara
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2018
Subjects: Fibonacci number; least common multiple; the order of appearance

description: Let $F_{n}$ be the $n$th Fibonacci number. For each positive integer $m$, the order of appearance of $m$, denoted by $z(m)$, is the smallest positive integer $k$ such that $m$ divides $F_k$. Recently, D. Marques has obtained a formula for $z(F_{n}F_{n+1})$, $z(F_{n}F_{n+1}F_{n+2})$, and $z(F_{n}F_{n+1}F_{n+2}F_{n+3})$. In this paper, we extend Marques' result to the case $z(F_{n}F_{n+1}\cdots F_{n+k})$, for every $4\leq k \leq 6$. For instance, we prove that, for $n\geq1$,
\[z(F_{n}F_{n+1}F_{n+2}F_{n+3}F_{n+4}) =\begin{cases}a, & \text{if $n\equiv1,2,3,4,5,6,7,10 \pmod {12}$, or $n\equiv8,60 \pmod {72}$};\\2a, & \text{if $n\equiv9,11\pmod {12}$, or $n\equiv24,44 \pmod {72}$};\\3a, & \text{if $n\equiv12,32,36,56 \pmod {72}$}; \\6a, & \text{if $n\equiv0,20,48,68 \pmod {72}$}\end{cases}\] where $a=[n,n+1,n+2,n+3,n+4]$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 13, No 2 (2018)
Galaxy Structure and Mode of Star Formation in the SFR-Mass Plane from z ~ 2.5 to z ~ 0.1
Creators: name: Wuyts, Stijn
name: Schreiber, Natascha M. Forster
name: van der Wel, Arjen
name: Magnelli, Benjamin
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Genzel, Reinhard
name: Lutz, Dieter
name: Aussel, Herve
name: Barro, Guillermo
name: Berta, Stefano
name: Cava, Antonio
name: Gracia-Carpio, Javier
name: Hathi, Nimish P.
name: Huang, Kuang-Han
name: Kocevski, Dale D.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Lee, Kyoung-Soo
name: Floc'h, Emeric Le
name: McGrath, Elizabeth J.
name: Nordon, Raanan
name: Popesso, Paola
name: Pozzi, Francesca
name: Riguccini, Laurie
name: Rodighiero, Giulia
name: Saintonge, Amelie
name: Tacconi, Linda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the dependence of galaxy structure (size and Sersic index) and mode of star formation (Σ_SFR and SFR_IR/SFR_UV) on the position of galaxies in the SFR versus Mass diagram. Our sample comprises roughly 640000 galaxies at z~0.1, 130000 galaxies at z~1, and 36000 galaxies at z~2. Structural measurements for all but the z~0.1 galaxies were based on HST imaging, and SFRs are derived using a Herschel-calibrated ladder of SFR indicators. We find that a correlation between the structure and stellar population of galaxies (i.e., a 'Hubble sequence') is already in place since at least z~2.5. At all epochs, typical star-forming galaxies on the main sequence are well approximated by exponential disks, while the profiles of quiescent galaxies are better described by de Vaucouleurs profiles. In the upper envelope of the main sequence, the relation between the SFR and Sersic index reverses, suggesting a rapid build-up of the central mass concentration in these starbursting outliers. We observe quiescent, moderately and highly star-forming systems to co-exist over an order of magnitude or more in stellar mass. At each mass and redshift, galaxies on the main sequence have the largest size. The rate of size growth correlates with specific SFR, and so does Σ_SFR at each redshift. A simple model using an empirically determined SF law and metallicity scaling, in combination with an assumed geometry for dust and stars is able to relate the observed Σ_SFR and SFR_IR/SFR_UV, provided a more patchy dust geometry is assumed for high-redshift galaxies.
description: Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal, 22 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. Revision includes sample upgrade and appendix with extensive robustness analysis