cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Expandable Machine Learning-Optimization Framework to Sequential Decision-Making
Creators: name: Yilmaz, Dogacan
name: Büyüktahtakın, İ. Esra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an integrated prediction-optimization (PredOpt) framework to efficiently solve sequential decision-making problems by predicting the values of binary decision variables in an optimal solution. We address the key issues of sequential dependence, infeasibility, and generalization in machine learning (ML) to make predictions for optimal solutions to combinatorial problems. The sequential nature of the combinatorial optimization problems considered is captured with recurrent neural networks and a sliding-attention window. We integrate an attention-based encoder-decoder neural network architecture with an infeasibility-elimination and generalization framework to learn high-quality feasible solutions to time-dependent optimization problems. In this framework, the required level of predictions is optimized to eliminate the infeasibility of the ML predictions. These predictions are then fixed in mixed-integer programming (MIP) problems to solve them quickly with the aid of a commercial solver. We demonstrate our approach to tackling the two well-known dynamic NP-Hard optimization problems: multi-item capacitated lot-sizing (MCLSP) and multi-dimensional knapsack (MSMK). Our results show that models trained on shorter and smaller-dimensional instances can be successfully used to predict longer and larger-dimensional problems. The solution time can be reduced by three orders of magnitude with an average optimality gap below 0.1%. We compare PredOpt with various specially designed heuristics and show that our framework outperforms them. PredOpt can be advantageous for solving dynamic MIP problems that need to be solved instantly and repetitively.
Dynamical tides in Jupiter and other rotationally flattened planets and stars with stable stratification
Creators: name: Dewberry, Janosz W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a numerical method for directly computing the dissipative dynamical tidal response of rapidly rotating, oblate stars and gaseous planets with realistic internal structures. Applying these calculations to neutrally and stably stratified polytropes, we identify the most relevant resonances in models with rotation rates up to nearly the mass-shedding limit. We then compute the dynamical tidal response for Jupiter interior models including both stably stratified and convective regions. These calculations show that resonances involving mixed waves with both gravito-inertial and purely inertial character are capable of explaining a discrepancy between observations and hydrostatic calculations of Jupiter's response to tidal forcing by Io. This result contrasts with recent work that excluded Jupiter's rotational flattening, and opens the door to resonances involving a wider range of internal oscillation modes than previously considered.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS (comments welcome)
High-precision scattering amplitudes for LHC phenomenology
Creators: name: Bargiela, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider scattering amplitudes relevant for high-precision Large Hadron Collider (LHC) phenomenology. We analyse the general structure of amplitudes, and we review state-of-the-art methods for computing them. We discuss advantages and shortcomings of these methods, and we point out the bottlenecks in modern amplitude computations. As a practical illustration, we present frontier applications relevant for multi-loop multi-scale processes. We compute the helicity amplitudes for diphoton production in gluon fusion and photon+jet production in proton scattering in three-loop massless Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). We have adopted a new projector-based prescription to compute helicity amplitudes in the 't Hooft-Veltman scheme. We also rederived the minimal set of independent Feynman integrals for this problem using the differential equations method, and we confirmed their intricate analytic properties. By employing modern methods for integral reduction, we provide the final results in a compact form, which is appropriate for efficient numerical evaluation. Beyond QCD, we have computed the two-loop mixed QCD-electroweak amplitudes for Z+jet production in proton scattering in light-quark-initiated channels, without closed fermion loops. This process provides important insight into the high-precision studies of the Standard Model, as well as into Dark Matter searches at the LHC. We have employed a numerical approach based on high-precision evaluation of Feynman integrals with the modern Auxiliary Mass Flow method. The obtained numerical results in all relevant partonic channels are evaluated on a two-dimensional grid appropriate for further phenomenological applications.
description: DPhil thesis, University of Oxford: 158 pages, 52 figures, 4 tables, based on arXiv:2211.13595, arXiv:2212.06287, and arXiv:2212.14069
Additional file 7 of Model selection for component network meta-analysis in connected and disconnected networks: a simulation study
Creators: name: Petropoulou, Maria
name: Rücker, Gerta
name: Weibel, Stephanie
name: Kranke, Peter
name: Schwarzer, Guido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 7.
title: Heterosociality at the Crossways: Cultures of Conversational Exchange between Men and Women in the Fin de Siècle
Creators: name: Wojciechowski, Miranda
Publisher: name: IUScholarWorks
Year: 2019

description: In her 1936 autobiography, The Sheltering Tree, fin-de-siècle and Edwardian writer Netta Syrett takes popular retrospectives of the late-Victorian era to task. Offering her account as a “counterblast” to the “picture” of “the terribly restricted life of women whose youth corresponded with” hers, and laughingly dismissing the separate spheres as a relic belonging only to “society with a capital S,” Syrett reclaims the 1880s and 1890s as a period of shocking modernity: one that afforded women relatively unconstrained mobility and opportunities for financial independence (5). Later on, however, she marks a clear shift between generations: whereas “nowadays damsels of eighteen . . . take part in the . . . discussions that I heard at the Grant Allens,” she writes, many “topics” of interest to the New Woman novelists “w[ere] not” items “for discussion in public” (46-67). For Syrett, measuring the progress of her present against the Victorian past, freedom of conversation in mixed company was the final frontier gained by the modern woman. Describing a “love of conversation” that “had never been thoroughly gratified” (43) in “ordinary society” (46), Syrett looks backwards to the eighteenth- century as well as forwards to the twentieth, tellingly lamenting that “I sometimes think I managed very badly in not arranging to be born in the age of the salon!” (43). The Victorian era, then, in Syrett’s narrative as in broader historical ones, lies suspended between the heterosocial glories of past salons and the heterosocial possibilities of subsequent modernity.
MAINTENANCE ET REHABILITATION DES KSOUR DU SUD-OUEST DE L’ALGERIE AVEC UNE MODELISATION ET SIMULATION DE L’EFFET DE VENT DE SABLE
Creators: name: KHATIR, Abdelwahhab
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Construction engineering

description: Depuis toujours, en Algérie, les gens du sud-ouest pratiquent l’art de construire, selon des techniques ancestrales, un type d’habitat original et millénaire: les ksour. Mais, laissées à l’abandon, ces majestueuses forteresses de terre rouge ou ocre, sont menacées par les intempéries et tombent en ruine, au risque de disparaître à jamais du paysage algérien et du patrimoine mondial. Le ksar représente l’un des éléments architecturaux les plus remarquables des paysages rural de l’ensemble des oasis du Sud-ouest algérien. Le ksar, par sa forme et son style architectural esthétique produit une grande séduction aussi bien sur le simple touriste que sur l’anthropologue, l’historien ou le géographe arpentant les espaces solitaires à la porte de l’immensité désertique, le sociologue qui scrute une société pétrie par l’eau et le sable ou l’architecte perplexe devant l’harmonie d’un habitat ocre sorti de la terre.  On essaye dans ce travail de proposer des dispositifs afin de réduire le problème d’ensablement qui attaque la région de sud-ouest de l’Algérie et d’utiliser le sable qui arrive par ce phénomène pour des travaux de maintenance pour les ksour. 
Operando Label-free Optical Imaging of Solution-Phase Ion Transport and Electrochemistry
Creators: name: Utterback, James K.
name: King, Alex J.
name: Belman-Wells, Livia
name: Larson, David M.
name: Hamerlynck, Leo M.
name: Weber, Adam Z.
name: Ginsberg, Naomi S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ion transport is a fundamental process in many physical, chemical, and biological phenomena, and especially in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Despite its immense importance, demonstrations of label-free, spatially and temporally resolved ion imaging in the solution phase under operando conditions are not widespread. Here we spatiotemporally map ion concentration gradient evolution in solution and yield ion transport parameters by refining interferometric reflection microscopy, obviating the need for absorptive or fluorescent labels. As an example, we use an electrochemical cell with planar electrodes to drive concentration gradients in a ferricyanide-based aqueous redox electrolyte, and we observe the lateral spatiotemporal evolution of ions via concentration-dependent changes to the refractive index. Analysis of an evolving spatiotemporal ion distribution directly yields the diffusivity of the redox-active species. The simplicity of this approach makes it amenable to probing local ion transport behavior in a wide range of electrochemical, bioelectronic, and electrophysiological systems.
description: includes supporting information
Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
Creators: name: Allen, Bruce
name: Aufmuth, P.
name: Bisht, P.
name: Danilishin, S.L.
name: Danzmann, K.
name: Heurs, M.
name: Kaufer, S.
name: Lück, H.
name: Schuette, D.
name: Singh, A.
name: Vahlbruch, H.
name: Wei, L.-W.
name: Wilke, B.
name: Wittel, H.
name: Et Al.
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOP)
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: gravitational waves
subject: stars neutron
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of similar to 1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg(2) at a luminosity distance of 40(-8)(+8) Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 M-circle dot. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at similar to 40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One-Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over similar to 10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient's position similar to 9 and similar to 16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta.
Numerical modelling of nonlinear electromechanical coupling of an atomic force microscope with finite element method
Creators: name: Freitag, J.
name: Mathis, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Maxwell stress tensors
subject: Mechanical displacements
subject: Monolithic approach
subject: Nonlinear computations
subject: Nonlinear electromechanical coupling
subject: Strong coupling
subject: System of equations
subject: Value problems
subject: Finite element method
subject: Newton-Raphson method
subject: Tensors
subject: Atomic force microscopy
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: In this contribution, an atomic force microscope is modelled and in this context, a non-linear coupled 3-D-boundary value problem is solved numerically using the finite element method. The coupling of this system is done by using the Maxwell stress tensor. In general, an iterative weak coupling is used, where the two physical problems are solved separately. However, this method does not necessarily guarantee convergence of the nonlinear computation. Hence, this contribution shows the possibility of solving the multiphysical problem by a strong coupling, which is also referred to as monolithic approach. The electrostatic field and the mechanical displacements are calculated simultaneously by solving only one system of equation. Since the Maxwell stress tensor depends nonlinearly on the potential, the solution is solved iteratively by the Newton method. © 2010 Author(s).
Additional file 8 of Model selection for component network meta-analysis in connected and disconnected networks: a simulation study
Creators: name: Petropoulou, Maria
name: Rücker, Gerta
name: Weibel, Stephanie
name: Kranke, Peter
name: Schwarzer, Guido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 8.
Holosteum umbellatum L.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: 0. umbellatum L. Cat. 348. Bis 1400 m. l: Muraz (J.);Vernayaz; Salvan; LaLechere obFinhaut, 1400m (alles:Coquoz); Collonges (Garns); Dorenaz (Oberson). - 2:Ayent (Marietan); Leuk (idem).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
title: Финно-угорский субстрат в топонимии южных районов Чувашской Республики
Creators: name: Исаев, Юрий
Publisher: name: Новгородский печатный двор
Year: 2019

description: На основе анализа топонимов южных и юго-западных территорий Чувашской Республики автор статьи приходит к выводу о наличии множественных финно-угорских элементов в наименованиях населенных пунктов и географических объектов в Батыревском, Алатырском, Комсомольском и Порецком районах.
Additional file 9 of Model selection for component network meta-analysis in connected and disconnected networks: a simulation study
Creators: name: Petropoulou, Maria
name: Rücker, Gerta
name: Weibel, Stephanie
name: Kranke, Peter
name: Schwarzer, Guido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 9.
title: Большие дворы – новгородское наследие в ойконимии Карелии
Creators: name: Муллонен, Ирма
Publisher: name: Новгородский печатный двор
Year: 2019

description: В статье рассматривается генезис и функционирование на территории Карелии ойконимов Большой Двор в контексте событий социальной истории и становления системы расселения в крае. Анализируется ареальное противостояние моделей Большой Двор – Великий Двор, истоки которого предлагается искать в их разной хронологии.
Cancer cell-selective, clathrin-mediated endocytosis of aptamer decorated nanoparticles
Creators: name: Engelberg, Shira
name: Modrejewski, Julia
name: Walter, Johanna-Gabriela
name: Livney, Yoav D.
name: Assaraf, Yehuda G.
Publisher: name: S.l. : Impact Journals LLC
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Aptamers
subject: Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
subject: Lung cancer
subject: Multidrug resistance
subject: Targeted delivery
subject: aptamer
subject: clathrin
subject: nanoparticle
subject: quantum dot
subject: A-549 cell line
subject: Article
subject: BEAS-2B cell line
subject: Caco-2 cell line
subject: cancer cell
subject: cancer resistance
subject: cell membrane
subject: controlled study
subject: dissociation constant
subject: drug binding
subject: drug selectivity
subject: drug specificity
subject: drug targeting
subject: endocytosis
subject: female
subject: flow cytometry
subject: HeLa cell line
subject: human
subject: human cell
subject: internalization
subject: male
subject: multidrug resistance
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::610 | Medizin, Gesundheit

description: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, resulting in 88% deaths of all diagnosed patients. Hence, novel therapeutic modalities are urgently needed. Single-stranded oligonucleotide-based aptamers (APTs) are excellent ligands for tumor cell targeting. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their internalization into living cells have been poorly studied. Towards the application of APTs for active drug targeting to cancer cells, we herein studied the mechanism underlying S15-APT internalization into human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. We thus delineated the mode of entry of a model nanomedical system based on quantum dots (QDs) decorated with S15-APTs as a selective targeting moiety for uptake by A549 cells. These APT-decorated QDs displayed selective binding to, and internalization by target A549 cells, but not by normal human bronchial epithelial BEAS2B, cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and colon adenocarcinoma CaCo-2 cells, hence demonstrating high specificity. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a remarkably low dissociation constant of S15-APTs-decorated QDs to A549 cells (Kd = 13.1 ± 1.6 nM). Through the systematic application of a series of established inhibitors of known mechanisms of endocytosis, we show that the uptake of S15-APTs proceeds via a classical clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. This cancer cell-selective mode of entry could possibly be used in the future to evade plasma membranelocalized multidrug resistance efflux pumps, thereby overcoming an important mechanism of cancer multidrug resistance. © Engelberg et al.
H2CO and N2H+ in Protoplanetary Disks: Evidence for a CO-ice Regulated Chemistry
Creators: name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Oberg, Karin
name: Wilner, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Submillimeter Array observations of H2CO and N2H+ emission in the disks around the T Tauri star TW Hya and the Herbig Ae star HD 163296 at 2"-6" resolution and discuss the distribution of these species with respect to CO freeze-out. The H2CO and N2H+ emission toward HD 163296 does not peak at the continuum emission center that marks the stellar position but is instead significantly offset. Using a previously developed model for the physical structure of this disk, we show that the H2CO observations are reproduced if H2CO is present predominantly in the cold outer disk regions. A model where H2CO is present only beyond the CO snow line (estimated at a radius of 160 AU) matches the observations well. We also show that the average H2CO excitation temperature, calculated from two transitions of H2CO observed in these two disks and a larger sample of disks around T Tauri stars in the DISCS (the Disk Imaging Survey of Chemistry with SMA) program, is consistent with the CO freeze-out temperature of 20 K. In addition, we show that N2H+ and H2CO line fluxes in disks are strongly correlated, indicative of co-formation of these species across the sample. Taken together, these results imply that H2CO and N2H+ are generally present in disks only at low temperatures where CO depletes onto grains, consistent with fast destruction of N2H+ by gas-phase CO, and in situ formation of H2CO through hydrogenation of CO ice. In this scenario H2CO, CH3OH and N2H+ emission in disks should appear as rings with the inner edge at the CO midplane snow line. This prediction can be tested directly using observations from ALMA with higher resolution and better sensitivity.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Хоронимы Костромского края через призму языка культурного ландшафта
Creators: name: Неганова, Галина
Publisher: name: Новгородский печатный двор
Year: 2019

description: Рассматриваются наименования станов и волостей, представляющие в костромской топонимии исторический пласт, охватывающий период с XV до конца XVIII в. Выявляются структурные особенности исторических хоронимов и закономерности их функционирования. Особое внимание обращается на существование топонимических вариантов, отражающих народную речь жителей конкретной территории.
Handling Attrition in Longitudinal Studies: The Case for Refreshment Samples
Creators: name: Deng, Yiting
name: Hillygus, D. Sunshine
name: Reiter, Jerome P.
name: Si, Yajuan
name: Zheng, Siyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Panel studies typically suffer from attrition, which reduces sample size and can result in biased inferences. It is impossible to know whether or not the attrition causes bias from the observed panel data alone. Refreshment samples - new, randomly sampled respondents given the questionnaire at the same time as a subsequent wave of the panel - offer information that can be used to diagnose and adjust for bias due to attrition. We review and bolster the case for the use of refreshment samples in panel studies. We include examples of both a fully Bayesian approach for analyzing the concatenated panel and refreshment data, and a multiple imputation approach for analyzing only the original panel. For the latter, we document a positive bias in the usual multiple imputation variance estimator. We present models appropriate for three waves and two refreshment samples, including nonterminal attrition. We illustrate the three-wave analysis using the 2007-2008 Associated Press-Yahoo! News Election Poll.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-STS414 the Statistical Science (http://www.imstat.org/sts/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Improved Task Scheduling for Virtual Machines in the Cloud based on the Gravitational Search Algorithm
Creators: name: Mamalis, Basilis
name: Perlitis, Marios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid and convenient provision of the available computing resources is a crucial requirement in modern cloud computing environments. However, if only the execution time is taken into account when the resources are scheduled, it could lead to imbalanced workloads as well as to significant under-utilisation of the involved Virtual Machines (VMs). In the present work a novel task scheduling scheme is introduced, which is based on the proper adaptation of a modern and quite effective evolutionary optimization method, the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed scheme aims at optimizing the entire scheduling procedure, in terms of both the tasks execution time and the system (VMs) resource utilisation. Moreover, the fitness function was properly selected considering both the above factors in an appropriately weighted function in order to obtain better results for large inputs. Sufficient simulation experiments show the efficiency of the proposed scheme, as well as its excellence over related approaches of the bibliography, with similar objectives.
description: 8 pages
Pathwise least-squares estimator for linear SPDEs with additive fractional noise
Creators: name: Kříž, Pavel
name: Šnupárková, Jana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M09, 60H15, 60G22

description: This paper deals with the drift estimation in linear stochastic evolution equations (with emphasis on linear SPDEs) with additive fractional noise (with Hurst index ranging from 0 to 1) via least-squares procedure. Since the least-squares estimator contains stochastic integrals of divergence type, we address the problem of its pathwise (and robust to observation errors) evaluation by comparison with the pathwise integral of Stratonovich type and using its chain-rule property. The resulting pathwise LSE is then defined implicitly as a solution to a non-linear equation. We study its numerical properties (existence and uniqueness of the solution) as well as statistical properties (strong consistency and the speed of its convergence). The asymptotic properties are obtained assuming fixed time horizon and increasing number of the observed Fourier modes (space asymptotics). We also conjecture the asymptotic normality of the pathwise LSE.
description: 30 pages, 6 figures
Modelling the cosmological Lyman-Werner background radiation field in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Incatasciato, Andrea
name: Khochfar, Sadegh
name: Oñorbe, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lyman-Werner (LW) radiation field is a key ingredient in the chemo-thermal evolution of gas in the Early Universe, as it dissociates H2 molecules, the primary cooling channel in an environment devoid of metals and dust. Despite its important role, it is still not implemented in cosmological simulations on a regular basis, in contrast to the ionising UV background. This is in part due to uncertainty in the source modelling, their spectra and abundance, as well as the detailed physics involved in the propagation of the photons and their interactions with the molecules. The goal of this work is to produce an accurate model of the LW radiation field at $z\geq6$, by post-processing the physics-rich high-resolution FiBY simulation. Our novelties include updated cross sections for H$_2$, H$^-$ and H$^+_2$ chemical species, IGM absorption by neutral Hydrogen and various spectral models for Population III and Population II stars. With our fiducial set of parameters, we show that the mean LW intensity steadily increases by three orders of magnitude from $z\sim23$ to $z\sim6$, while spatial inhomogeneities originate from massive star-forming galaxies that dominate the photon budget up to a distance of $\sim100$ proper kpc. Our model can be easily applied to other simulations or semi-analytical models as an external radiation field that regulates the formation of stars and massive black hole seeds in high-$z$ low-mass halos.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, plus 4 figures in the appendices. Main result in Figure 16. Published by MNRAS
Additional file 10 of Model selection for component network meta-analysis in connected and disconnected networks: a simulation study
Creators: name: Petropoulou, Maria
name: Rücker, Gerta
name: Weibel, Stephanie
name: Kranke, Peter
name: Schwarzer, Guido
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 10.
Observing Protein Degradation by the PAN-20S Proteasome by Time-Resolved Neutron Scattering
Creators: name: Mahieu, Emilie
name: Covès, Jaques
name: Krüger, Georg
name: Martel, Anne
name: Moulin, Martine
name: Carl, Nico
name: Härtlein, Michael
name: Carlomagno, Teresa
name: Franzetti, Bruno
name: Gabel, Frank
Publisher: name: Cambridge, MA : Cell Press
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hydrolysis
subject: fluorescence
subject: ATP
subject: protein
subject: PAN-20S
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The proteasome is a key player of regulated protein degradation in all kingdoms of life. Although recent atomic structures have provided snapshots on a number of conformations, data on substrate states and populations during the active degradation process in solution remain scarce. Here, we use time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering of a deuterium-labeled GFPssrA substrate and an unlabeled archaeal PAN-20S system to obtain direct structural information on substrate states during ATP-driven unfolding and subsequent proteolysis in solution. We find that native GFPssrA structures are degraded in a biexponential process, which correlates strongly with ATP hydrolysis, the loss of fluorescence, and the buildup of small oligopeptide products. Our solution structural data support a model in which the substrate is directly translocated from PAN into the 20S proteolytic chamber, after a first, to our knowledge, successful unfolding process that represents a point of no return and thus prevents dissociation of the complex and the release of harmful, aggregation-prone products. © 2020 Biophysical Society
Additional file 1 of Fall migration, oceanic movement, and site residency patterns of eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis) on the mid-Atlantic Coast
Creators: name: True, Michael C.
name: Gorman, Katherine M.
name: Taylor, Hila
name: Reynolds, Richard J.
name: Ford, W. Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. Results for silver-haired bats and Seminole bats.
Cesium and Strontium Contamination of Nuclear Plant Stainless Steel : Implications for Decommissioning and Waste Minimization
Creators: name: Lang, Adam R.
name: Engelberg, Dirk L.
name: Walther, Clemens
name: Weiss, Martin
name: Bosco, Hauke
name: Jenkins, Alex
name: Livens, Francis R.
name: Law, Gareth T.
Publisher: name: Washington, DC : ACS Publications
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: stainless steel
subject: radioactive waste
subject: radionuclide
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::660 | Technische Chemie

description: Stainless steels can become contaminated with radionuclides at nuclear sites. Their disposal as radioactive waste would be costly. If the nature of steel contamination could be understood, effective decontamination strategies could be designed and implemented during nuclear site decommissioning in an effort to release the steels from regulatory control. Here, batch uptake experiments have been used to understand Sr and Cs (fission product radionuclides) uptake onto AISI Type 304 stainless steel under conditions representative of spent nuclear fuel storage (alkaline ponds) and PUREX nuclear fuel reprocessing (HNO3). Solution (ICP-MS) and surface measurements (GD-OES depth profiling, TOF-SIMS, and XPS) and kinetic modeling of Sr and Cs removal from solution were used to characterize their uptake onto the steel and define the chemical composition and structure of the passive layer formed on the steel surfaces. Under passivating conditions (when the steel was exposed to solutions representative of alkaline ponds and 3 and 6 M HNO3), Sr and Cs were maintained at the steel surface by sorption/selective incorporation into the Cr-rich passive film. In 12 M HNO3, corrosion and severe intergranular attack led to Sr diffusion into the passive layer and steel bulk. In HNO3, Sr and Cs accumulation was also commensurate with corrosion product (Fe and Cr) readsorption, and in the 12 M HNO3 system, XPS documented the presence of Sr and Cs chromates.
Additional file 1 of Association between D-dimer and long-term mortality in patients with acute severe hypertension visiting the emergency department
Creators: name: Kim, Byung Sik
name: Shin, Jeong-Hun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Missing rate and comparison between the original data and imputed data. Supplementary Table S2. Comparison of included and excluded participants.
Asparagus tenuifolius Lam.
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: A. tenuifolius Lam. 3a:Gondo:Pfarrer Franz JosephJoller (f1893) ohne Jahr im Herbar des Liceo Rosmini, Domodossola, als A. officinalis gesammelt und so Jaccard für den Cat. (vgl. diesen) mitgeteilt, aber Pflanze von St. Rossi, Domodossola, richtig bestimmt; neuerdings: Gondo, auf Felsschutt im Corylus - Wäldchen über dem Dorf, etwa 920 m (Frauenfelder und Becherer 1942). Vgl. Becherer Lit. 1943,S.48-50.
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
When Like Destabilizes Like: Inverted Solvent Effects in Apolar Nanoparticle Dispersions
Creators: name: Monego, Debora
name: Kister, Thomas
name: Kirkwood, Nicholas
name: Doblas, David
name: Mulvaney, Paul
name: Kraus, Tobias
name: Widmer-Cooper, Asaph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the colloidal stability of nanoparticles with alkanethiol shells in apolar solvents. Small angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations were used to characterize the interaction between nanoparticles in linear alkane solvents ranging from hexane to hexadecane, including \SI{4}{\nano\meter} gold cores with hexadecanethiol shells and \SI{6}{\nano\meter} cadmium selenide cores with octadecanethiol shells. We find that the agglomeration is enthalpically driven and that, contrary to what one would expect from classical colloid theory, the temperature at which the particles agglomerate increases with increasing solvent chain length. We demonstrate that the inverted trend correlates with the temperatures at which the ligands order in the different solvents, and show that the inversion is due to a combination of enthalpic and entropic effects that enhance the stability of the ordered ligand state as the solvent length increases. We also explain why cyclohexane is a better solvent than hexane, despite having very similar solvation parameters to hexadecane.
description: SI + main manuscript
Temporal mode selectivity by frequency conversion in second-order nonlinear optical waveguides
Creators: name: Reddy, Dileep V.
name: Raymer, Michael G.
name: McKinstrie, Colin J.
name: Mejling, Lasse
name: Rottwitt, Karsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore theoretically the feasibility of using frequency conversion by sum- or difference-frequency generation, enabled by three- wave-mixing, for selectively multiplexing orthogonal input waveforms that overlap in time and frequency. Such a process would enable a drop device for use in a transparent optical network using temporally orthogonal waveforms to encode different channels. We model the process using coupled-mode equations appropriate for wave mixing in a uniform second- order nonlinear optical medium pumped by a strong laser pulse. We find Green functions describing the process, and employ Schmidt (singular- value) decompositions thereof to quantify its viability in functioning as a coherent waveform discriminator. We define a selectivity figure of merit in terms of the Schmidt coefficients, and use it to compare and contrast various parameter regimes via extensive numerical computations. We identify the most favorable regime (at least in the case of no pump chirp) and derive the complete analytical solution for the same. We bound the maximum achievable selectivity in this parameter space. We show that including a frequency chirp in the pump does not improve selectivity in this optimal regime. We also find an operating regime in which high-efficiency frequency conversion without temporal-shape selectivity can be achieved while preserving the shapes of a wide class of input pulses. The results are applicable to both classical and quantum frequency conversion.
description: 24 pages, 20 figures
1H, 13C, and 15N backbone chemical-shift assignments of SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (leader protein)
Creators: name: Wang, Ying
name: Kirkpatrick, John
name: Lage, Susanne Zur
name: Korn, Sophie M.
name: Neißner, Konstantin
name: Schwalbe, Harald
name: Schlundt, Andreas
name: Carlomagno, Teresa
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Netherlands
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 5′ untranslated region
subject: New drug targets
subject: NMR spectroscopy
subject: Non-structural proteins
subject: Nsp1
subject: viral protein
subject: chemistry
subject: molecular model
subject: nuclear magnetic resonance
subject: protein domain
subject: Models, Molecular
subject: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
subject: Protein Domains
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Viral Nonstructural Proteins
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The current COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a worldwide health crisis, necessitating coordinated scientific research and urgent identification of new drug targets for treatment of COVID-19 lung disease. The covid19-nmr consortium seeks to support drug development by providing publicly accessible NMR data on the viral RNA elements and proteins. The SARS-CoV-2 genome comprises a single RNA of about 30 kb in length, in which 14 open reading frames (ORFs) have been annotated, and encodes approximately 30 proteins. The first two-thirds of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is made up of two large overlapping open-reading-frames (ORF1a and ORF1b) encoding a replicase polyprotein, which is subsequently cleaved to yield 16 so-called non-structural proteins. The non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1), which is considered to be a major virulence factor, suppresses host immune functions by associating with host ribosomal complexes at the very end of its C-terminus. Furthermore, Nsp1 facilitates initiation of viral RNA translation via an interaction of its N-terminal domain with the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the viral RNA. Here, we report the near-complete backbone chemical-shift assignments of full-length SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 (19.8 kDa), which reveal the domain organization, secondary structure and backbone dynamics of Nsp1, and which will be of value to further NMR-based investigations of both the biochemical and physiological functions of Nsp1. © 2021, The Author(s).
First-principles calculation of the frequency-dependent dipole polarizability of argon
Creators: name: Lesiuk, Michał
name: Jeziorski, Bogumił
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we report state-of-the-art theoretical calculations of the dipole polarizability of the argon atom. Frequency dependence of the polarizability is taken into account by means of the dispersion coefficients (Cauchy coefficients) which is sufficient for experimentally relevant wavelengths below the first resonant frequency. In the proposed theoretical framework, all known physical effects including the relativistic, quantum electrodynamics, finite nuclear mass, and finite nuclear size corrections are accounted for. We obtained $α_0=11.0763(19)$ for the static polarizability and $α_2=27.976(15)$ and $α_4=95.02(11)$ for the second and fourth dispersion coefficients, respectively. The result obtained for the static polarizability agrees (within the estimated uncertainty) with the most recent experimental data [C. Gaiser and B. Fellmuth, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 123203 (2018)], but is less accurate. The dispersion coefficients determined in this work appear to be most accurate in the literature, improving by more than an order of magnitude upon previous estimates. By combining the experimentally determined value of the static polarizability with the dispersion coefficients from our calculations, the polarizability of argon can be calculated with accuracy of around $10\,$ppm for wavelengths above roughly $450\,$nm. This result is important from the point of view of quantum metrology, especially for a new pressure standard based on thermophysical properties of gaseous argon. Additionally, in this work we calculate the static magnetic susceptibility of argon which relates the refractive index of dilute argon gas with its pressure. While our results for this quantity are less accurate than in the case of the polarizability, they can provide, via Lorenz-Lorentz formula, the best available theoretical estimate of the refractive index of argon.
The effect of shape anisotropy on the spectroscopic characterization of the magneto-optical activity of nanostructures
Creators: name: Du, Guan-Xiang.
name: Saito, Shin
name: Takahashi, Migaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How to measure magnetic field induced magneto-optical (MO) activity of nonmagnetic elliptical plasmonic nanodisks which rest on a dielectric substrate remains a challenge since the substrate contribute most of the overall MO which varies with light polarization with respect to the orientation of the nanodisks. Here we present a spectroscopic characterization. We find that only when light is incident from the nanostructures side with polarization aligned with one of the two symmetry axes, one can subtract the MO contribution from the substrate by an amount equal to that of a bare one. By a detailed polarizing transmittance measurement we determine the orientation of the two symmetry axes of the nanodisks. Light polarization is then aligned along the axes, enabling measurement of the intrinsic MO activity of gold nanodisks, which is the overall MO activity subtracted by that of a bare glass substrate. The narrow line widths of the plasmonic resonance features in the MO spectra imply a potential application in refractive index sensing.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Compact and efficient sub-10 ps pump sources at 2 µm for the generation of coherent mid-infrared radiation
Creators: name: Hinkelmann, Moritz
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: laser amplifiers
subject: fiber lasers
subject: ultrafast lasers
subject: mode-locked lasers
subject: optical parametric generation
subject: optical parametric amplification
subject: Laserverstärker
subject: Faserlaser
subject: Festkörperlaser
subject: Ultrakurzpulslaser
subject: modengekoppelte Laser
subject: optisch parametrische Erzeugung
subject: optisch parametrische Verstärkung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Ultrashort pulse laser systems in the 2 µm wavelength region featuring high pulse energies are powerful tools for driving a multitude of different applications in industry, medicine, and fundamental science. The implementation of such laser sources remains challenging and usually relies on the chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) in regenerative amplifiers. Here, a much more simplified concept based on a CPA-free multipass amplification scheme operating at room temperature has been investigated. I show that optical pulses with moderate sub-10 ps duration can be amplified up to the millijoule energy level without the onset of nonlinear effects in holmium-doped crystals. The laser system consists of an ultrafast all-fiber mode-locked oscillator and power amplifier based on holmium-doped silica fiber. It has been spectrally tailored to efficiently seed subsequent amplifiers based on holmium-doped YLiF4 crystals. A multipass amplification concept was used to amplify the nJ-level seed pulses from the fiber front-end up to 100 µJ of pulse energy at a pulse repetition frequency of 50 kHz. The maximum pulse energy was limited only by the laser-induced damage threshold of the amplifier crystals. Further pulse energy scaling has been achieved in a final single-pass booster amplifier generating 1.2 mJ at 1 kHz. The overall gain in the Ho:YLF crystals amounts to > 51 dB. Taking into account a measured pulse duration of 8.3 ps, this yields a pulse peak power of 136 MW. These results have been supported by numerical simulations based on a modified Frantz-Nodvik formalism, which is capable of modeling chromatic effects as well as a detailed description of the energy built-up in such amplifiers. Up to 50 µJ at 100 kHz from the multipass amplifier have been used to pump an optical parametric generator/amplifier tandem configuration based on the highly nonlinear non-oxide crystal ZnGeP2. The phase-matching condition has been set to achieve a signal and idler center wavelength of 3 µm and 6.5 µm, respectively. The maximum signal and idler pulse energy was 7.7 µJ and 2.5 µJ. Considering a measured pulse duration of 4 ps for both wavelengths, a peak intensity of about 2 MW (signal) and 0.5 MW (idler) was reached. The mid-IR coherent source is wavelength tunable covering the spectral range from 2.5 to 8 µm under appropriate phase-matching conditions and has shown long-term stability of less than 1.25%rms low-frequency power noise.