cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Milky Way's bright satellites as an apparent failure of LCDM
Creators: name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Aquarius simulations to show that the most massive subhalos in galaxy-mass dark matter halos in LCDM are grossly inconsistent with the dynamics of the brightest Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies. While the best-fitting hosts of the dwarf spheroidals all have 12 < Vmax < 25 km/s, LCDM simulations predict at least ten subhalos with Vmax > 25 km/s. These subhalos are also among the most massive at earlier times, and significantly exceed the UV suppression mass back to z ~ 10. No LCDM-based model of the satellite population of the Milky Way explains this result. The problem lies in the satellites' densities: it is straightforward to match the observed Milky Way luminosity function, but doing so requires the dwarf spheroidals to have dark matter halos that are a factor of ~5 more massive than is observed. Independent of the difficulty in explaining the absence of these dense, massive subhalos, there is a basic tension between the derived properties of the bright Milky Way dwarf spheroidals and LCDM expectations. The inferred infall masses of these galaxies are all approximately equal and are much lower than standard LCDM predictions for systems with their luminosities. Consequently, their implied star formation efficiencies span over two orders of magnitude, from 0.2% to 20% of baryons converted into stars, in stark contrast with expectations gleaned from more massive galaxies. We explore possible solutions to these problems within the context of LCDM and find them to be unconvincing. In particular, we use controlled simulations to demonstrate that the small stellar masses of the bright dwarf spheroidals make supernova feedback an unlikely explanation for their low inferred densities.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures; matches version published in MNRAS
Theory for Anomalous Terahertz Emission in Striped Cuprate Superconductors
Creators: name: Dolgirev, Pavel E.
name: Michael, Marios H.
name: Curtis, Jonathan B.
name: Nicoletti, Daniele
name: Buzzi, Michele
name: Fechner, Michael
name: Cavalleri, Andrea
name: Demler, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments in the doped cuprates La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ have revealed the emission of anomalous terahertz radiation after impulsive optical excitation. Here, we theoretically investigate the nonlinear electrodynamics of such striped superconductors and explore the origin of the observed radiation. We argue that photoexcitation is converted into a photocurrent by a second-order optical nonlinearity, which is activated by the breaking of inversion symmetry in certain stripe configurations. We point out the importance of including Umklapp photocurrents modulated at the stripe periodicity itself, which impulsively drive surface Josephson plasmons and lead to a resonant structure of outgoing radiation, consistent with the experiments. We speculate on the utility of the proposed mechanism in the context of generating tunable terahertz radiation.
Role of XIST RNA and its interacting protein partners in gene silencing
Creators: name: Minks, Jakub
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: X-chromosome inactivation ensures equal expression of mammalian male and female X-linked genes by transcriptionally silencing one X chromosome in each female cell. The pivotal molecule responsible for the silencing is a long non-coding RNA XIST; however, an all-encompassing model explaining how XIST induces silencing of the whole X chromosome is yet to emerge. This thesis aims to broaden our understanding of XIST action in humans by leveraging an inducible XIST transgene capable of silencing downstream reporters to identify sequences within XIST and XIST-interacting proteins critical for gene silencing. First, we demonstrate that the repeat A region of XIST is necessary and sufficient to induce gene silencing, at least locally, irrespective of the makeup of the surrounding chromatin, and that XIST induces silencing of a distal gene in one of the HT1080 cell lines. Second, we show that individual repeats of a consensus repeat A sequence contribute additively to silencing. Mutations within a construct consisting of two repeat A units both demonstrate that the two palindromic sequences within the repeat A units spanning ‘ATCG’ and ‘ATAC’ tetranucleotides are critical for repeat A function and add to the evidence that the first palindrome forms a hairpin, rather than engaging in pairing between repeat A units. Third, we explore which proteins are critical for XIST-induced silencing. We show that histone deacetylation, an early mark of an X-chromosome inactivation, is likely a consequence, and not the cause of XIST-induced silencing. We next demonstrate that in the transgenic HT1080 system, gene silencing is not accompanied by recruitment of the H3K27me3 repressive histone mark and XIST induces silencing independently of its previously reported associations with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Finally, we performed siRNA-mediated knock-down of 31 proteins previously implicated to play a role in X-chromosome inactivation. Our results show that proteins involved in XIST RNA localization (YY1), chromatin organization (SATB2, HNRNPU), and cell cycle (ATM), as well as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (SPOP) contribute to XIST-induced gene silencing in the HT1080 system. Thus, we demonstrate that the repeat A alone induces gene silencing and identify candidate pathways critical for its function.
4-OGC: Catalog of gravitational waves from compact-binary mergers
Creators: name: Nitz, Alexander H.
name: Kumar, Sumit
name: Wang, Yi-Fan
name: Kastha, Shilpa
name: Wu, Shichao
name: Schäfer, Marlin
name: Dhurkunde, Rahul
name: Capano, Collin D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the fourth Open Gravitational-wave Catalog (4-OGC) of binary neutron star (BNS), binary black hole (BBH) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. The catalog includes observations from 2015-2020 covering the first through third observing runs (O1, O2, O3a, O3b) of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. The updated catalog includes 7 BBH mergers which were not previously reported with high significance during O3b for a total of 94 observations: 90 BBHs, 2 NSBHs, and 2 BNSs. The most confident new detection, GW200318_191337, has component masses $49.1^{+16.4}_{-12.0}\textrm{M}_\odot$ and $31.6^{+12.0}_{-11.6}\textrm{M}_\odot$; its redshift of $0.84^{+0.4}_{-0.35}$ ($90\%$ credible interval) may make it the most distant merger so far. We estimate the merger rate of BBH sources, assuming a powerlaw mass distribution containing an additive Gaussian peak, to be $16.5_{-6.2}^{+10.4} (25.0_{-8.0}^{+12.6})$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ at a redshift of $z=0$ ($0.2$). For BNS and NSBH sources, we estimate a merger rate of $200^{+309}_{-148}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ and $19^{+30}_{-14}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$, respectively, assuming the known sources are representative of the total population. We provide reference parameter estimates for each of these sources using an up-to-date model accounting for instrumental calibration uncertainty. The corresponding data release also includes our full set of sub-threshold candidates.
description: v2, 22 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, data release at https://github.com/gwastro/4-ogc, submitted to ApJ, comments welcome
Ketengus typus Bleeker 1846
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Ariidae
Ketengus
Ketengus typus

description: Ketengus typus Bleeker, 1846 Material examined. MALAYSIA • 1, 128 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (66) 00006.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 616, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
Comment on "Ballistic SNS sandwich as a Josephson junction"
Creators: name: Thuneberg, Erkki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The old problem of supercurrent in a long ballistic SNS Josephson junction is interpreted using a simple picture of the fermion energy levels in the normal and superconducting regions. We argue that a recent paper on the topic by Sonin contains erroneous results.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, version accepted for publication in Physical Review B, includes some clarifications in the main text and an appendix containing mathematical details
Rapid gastrointestinal loss of Clostridial Clusters IV and XIVa in the ICU associates with an expansion of gut pathogens
Creators: name: Livanos, Alexandra E.
name: Snider, Erik J.
name: Whittier, Susan
name: Chong, David H.
name: Wang, Timothy Cragin
name: Abrams, Julian A.
name: Freedberg, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Intensive care units
Clostridium
Pathogenic microorganisms
Enterococcus
Gastrointestinal system

description: Commensal gastrointestinal bacteria resist the expansion of pathogens and are lost during critical illness, facilitating pathogen colonization and infection. We performed a prospective, ICU-based study to determine risk factors for loss of gut colonization resistance during the initial period of critical illness. Rectal swabs were taken from adult ICU patients within 4 hours of admission and 72 hours later, and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and selective culture for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). Microbiome data was visualized using principal coordinate analyses (PCoA) and assessed using a linear discriminant analysis algorithm and logistic regression modeling. 93 ICU patients were analyzed. At 72 hours following ICU admission, there was a significant decrease in the proportion of Clostridial Clusters IV/XIVa, taxa that produce short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). At the same time, there was a significant expansion in Enterococcus. Decreases in Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia were associated with loss of gut microbiome colonization resistance (reduced diversity and community stability over time). In multivariable analysis, both decreased Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia and increased Enterococcus after 72 hours were associated with receipt of antibiotics. Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia, although a small fraction of the overall gastrointestinal microbiome, drove distinct clustering on PCoA. During initial treatment for critical illness, there was a loss of Cluster IV/XIVa Clostridia within the distal gut microbiome which associated with an expansion of VRE and with a loss of gut microbiome colonization resistance. Receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics was associated with these changes.
title: Unsupervised and Weakly Supervised Domain Adaptation of MRI Skull-Stripping Models Trained on Adult Data to Newborns
Creators: name: Omidi, Abbas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Skull-stripping
subject: Deep Learning
subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Computer Vision
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
subject: Synthetic Data
subject: Infants
subject: Domain Adaptation
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: The process of removing non-brain tissue signals from brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is known as skull-stripping. It is a crucial preprocessing step in neuroimaging analysis, particularly for subsequent brain tissue segmentation and studying neurological disorders. Despite significant progress in deep learning-based methods for skull-stripping, data distribution shifts between adult and newborn MRI data present a major challenge, limiting the generalization of models trained on adult data when applied to newborns. This work proposes both unsupervised and weakly supervised domain adaptation techniques that leverage weakly annotated data, synthetic data, and the learning of domain-invariant features to address this challenge. First, I introduce an unsupervised method utilizing adversarial domain adaptation to align feature representations between adult and newborn MRI data, and a new contrast inversion data augmentation step to reduce the domain shift. Then, I extend this method by leveraging Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-generated synthetic data to enhance segmentation performance. Finally, I propose to incorporate weakly annotated newborn data during model training. This weakly supervised method achieves state-of-the-art performance for skull-stripping neonatal brain imaging, improving upon existing methods in terms of both the Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance quantitative metrics. Together, these methods demonstrate the potential of leveraging domain adaptation techniques to bridge the gap between adult and newborn brain MRI data, enabling accurate skull-stripping across diverse populations. The source code and weights of the trained models are publicly available at https://github.com/abbasomidi77/DAUnet.
Derivators, pointed derivators, and stable derivators
Creators: name: Groth, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop some aspects of the theory of derivators, pointed derivators, and stable derivators. As a main result, we show that the values of a stable derivator can be canonically endowed with the structure of a triangulated category. Moreover, the functors belonging to the stable derivator can be turned into exact functors with respect to these triangulated structures. Along the way, we give a simplification of the axioms of a pointed derivator and a reformulation of the base change axiom in terms of Grothendieck (op)fibration. Furthermore, we have a new proof that a combinatorial model category has an underlying derivator.
description: Minor misconception in the context of adjunctions of derivators removed, Section 2 slightly reorganized, exposition polished, submitted for publication
Ambulatory function in spinal muscular atrophy: Age-related patterns of progression
Creators: name: Montes, Jacqueline
name: McDermott, Michael P.
name: Mirek, Elizabeth
name: Mazzone, Elena S.
name: Main, Marion
name: Glanzman, Allan M.
name: Duong, Tina
name: Young, Sally Dunaway
name: Salazar, Rachel
name: Pasternak, Amy
name: Gee, Richard
name: De Sanctis, Roberto
name: Coratti, Giorgia
name: Forcina, Nicola
name: Fanelli, Lavinia
name: Ramsey, Danielle
name: Milev, Evelin
name: Civitello, Matthew
name: Pane, Marika
name: Pera, Maria Carmela
name: Scoto, Mariacristina
name: Day, John W.
name: Tennekoon, Gihan
name: Finkel, Richard
name: Darras, Basil T.
name: Muntoni, Francesco
name: De Vivo, Darryl C.
name: Mercuri, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Spinal muscular atrophy
Aging
Walking
Neurology

description: Individuals with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 3 are able to walk but they have weakness, gait impairments and fatigue. Our primary study objective was to examine longitudinal changes in the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and to evaluate whether age and SMA type 3 subtype are associated with decline in ambulatory function. Data from three prospective natural history studies were used. Seventy-three participants who performed the 6MWT more than once, at least 6 months apart, were included; follow-up ranged from 0.5–9 years. Only data from patients who completed the 6MWT were included. The mean age of the participants was 13.5 years (range 2.6–49.1), with 52 having disease onset before age 3 years (type 3A). At baseline, type 3A participants walked a shorter distance on average (257.1 m) than type 3B participants (390.2 m) (difference = 133.1 m, 95% confidence interval [CI] 71.8–194.3, p < 0.001). Distance walked was weakly associated with age (r = 0.25, p = 0.04). Linear mixed effects models were used to estimate the mean annual rate of change. The overall mean rate of change was -7.8 m/year (95% CI -13.6 –-2.0, p = 0.009) and this did not differ by subtype (type 3A: -8.5 m/year, type 3B: -6.6 m/year, p = 0.78), but it did differ by age group (< 6: 9.8 m/year; 6–10: -7.9 m/year; 11–19: -20.8 m/year; ≥ 20: -9.7 m/year; p = 0.005). Our results showed an overall decline on the 6MWT over time, but different trajectories were observed depending on age. Young ambulant SMA patients gain function but in adolescence, patients lose function. Future clinical trials in ambulant SMA patients should consider in their design the different trajectories of ambulatory function over time, based on age.
The 21N-moment multi-temperature coefficients for Zhdanov closure
Creators: name: Raghunathan, Madhusudan
name: Marandet, Yannick
name: Bufferand, Hugo
name: Ciraolo, Guido
name: Ghendrih, Philippe
name: Tamain, Patrick
name: Serre, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the 21N-moment multi-temperature collision coefficients for the Boltzmann collision operator using the Sonine-Hermite polynomial ansatz in the style of Zhdanov et al. First, we outline the general derivation method. Then, we provide the collision coefficients in the most general form in terms of the Chapman-Cowling integrals for any potential of interaction for the 21N-moment approximation. Then, we provide the the collision coefficients for the specific case of the approximated Coulomb potential cross-section with Debye cutoff. These coefficients help in order to find easy implementation in current SOL/edge fluid packages which currently implement the 21N-moment single-temperature coefficients. This provides the completion of a missing link in the current literature.
description: 19 pages, 0 figures. Accepted by Contributions to Plasma Physics (Dec 2021). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2103.02455
Supplement Table S1
Creators: name: Lyu, Houchen
name: Zhao, Sizheng
name: Li, Jiatian
name: Li, Xiaoxiao
name: Wang, Yilun
name: Xie, Dongxing
name: Zeng, Chao
name: Lei, Guanghua
name: Wei, Jie
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 320208
subject: Endocrinology

description: Supplement Table S1
title: Investigating Automatic Bug Repair Using Large Language Models for Digital Hardware Design
Creators: name: Elnaggar, Abdelrahman
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Verilog
subject: Large Language Model (LLM)
subject: Hardware
subject: Bug Repair
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Register-transfer level ( RTL) bugs present critical challenges, impacting the functional correctness, security, and performance of System-on-Chip (SoC) designs. Detecting and repairing RTL bugs is traditionally a time-consuming process requiring skilled engineers, which significantly prolongs SoC development cycles and reduces vendor competitiveness. Given this complexity, there is a strong need for automated repair solutions capable of efficiently addressing RTL bugs to accelerate development timelines. In this thesis, we propose an automated framework leveraging a large language model (LLM) to repair RTL functional bugs. We explore various prompting techniques, including zero-shot, few-shot, and feedback approaches. Zero-shot relies solely on the LLM ’s pretrained knowledge, few-shot provides specific examples of RTL bug repairs, and feedback iteratively refines the LLM’s responses using outputs from prior iterations. Additionally, we investigate six prompting strategies, each incorporating varying levels of context to guide the LLM in the repair process. Our proposed framework operates on benchmarks without requiring prior knowledge of the bug’s type, location, or specific repair steps, better reflecting real-world scenarios than previous approaches. Results demonstrate the potential of LLM -driven automation, with the feedback approach achieving the highest repair success rate by fixing 26 out of 32 benchmarks (81.25%), while the best zero-shot and few-shot strategies repaired 23 out of 32 benchmarks (71.88%). These findings highlight the ability of current LLMs to consistently address RTL functional bugs, offering significant promise for streamlining SoC development by reducing the time and effort required for RTL bug detection and repair.
A mobile clinic approach to the delivery of community-based mental health services in rural Haiti
Creators: name: Fils-Aime, J. Reginald
name: Grelotti, David J.
name: Therosme, Tatiana
name: Kaiser, Bonnie N.
name: Raviola, Giuseppe
name: Alcindor, Yoldie
name: Severe, Jennifer
name: Affricot, Emmeline
name: Boyd, Katherine
name: Legha, Rupinder
name: Daimyo, Shin
name: Engel, Stephanie
name: Eustache, Eddy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Community mental health services
Mobile hospitals
Psychiatry
Mental health

description: This study evaluates the use of a mental health mobile clinic to overcome two major challenges to the provision of mental healthcare in resource-limited settings: the shortage of trained specialists; and the need to improve access to safe, effective, and culturally sound care in community settings. Employing task-shifting and supervision, mental healthcare was largely delivered by trained, non-specialist health workers instead of specialists. A retrospective chart review of 318 unduplicated patients assessed and treated during the mobile clinic’s first two years (January 2012 to November 2013) was conducted to explore outcomes. These data were supplemented by a quality improvement questionnaire, illustrative case reports, and a qualitative interview with the mobile clinic’s lead community health worker. The team evaluated an average of 42 patients per clinic session. The most common mental, neurological, or substance abuse (MNS) disorders were depression and epilepsy. Higher follow-up rates were seen among those with diagnoses of bipolar disorder and neurological conditions, while those with depression or anxiety had lower follow-up rates. Persons with mood disorders who were evaluated on at least two separate occasions using a locally developed depression screening tool experienced a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. The mental health mobile clinic successfully treated a wide range of MNS disorders in rural Haiti and provided care to individuals who previously had no consistent access to mental healthcare. Efforts to address these common barriers to the provision of mental healthcare in resource-limited settings should consider supplementing clinic-based with mobile services.
title: Ill-fated Mission: Canada’s Franklin Expedition and its Role in Arctic Securitization
Creators: name: Clifton, Robert
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: arctic
subject: Foreign policy
subject: archaeology
subject: Political Science--International Law and Relations
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: Canadian Studies

description: In 1845, Sir John Franklin and his crew went missing while in search of a Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic. The shipwrecks were discovered in 2014 and 2016 (respectively) with the first, The HMS Erebus, discovered under the administration of Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper (2006-2015). Employing discourse analysis of qualitative research interviews and primary documents, and the process tracing method, this thesis investigates the role the Franklin Expedition searches and discoveries played in the Harper government’s Canadian Arctic securitizing move. This thesis tests the original Copenhagen, and Second Generation, Securitization theories for applicability to the Harper-era Franklin searches and communications in the context of Canada’s Arctic security policy. It finds mild support for the relevance of Second Generation theories over the original Copenhagen theory from which later theories of securitization evolved. Given analysis of theoretical underpinnings and after deep qualitative analysis, this study finds that the Franklin searches and discovery did not play a central role in Prime Minister Harper’s prior securitization of the Canadian arctic.
Additional file 9 of Physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic reveal metabolic pathway alterations in Gymnocypris przewalskii due to cold exposure
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Tian, Fei
name: Qi, Delin
name: Qi, Hongfang
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xu, Shixiao
name: Zhao, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 9.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of coupled qubit-cavity arrays
Creators: name: Nissen, Felix
name: Schmidt, Sebastian
name: Biondi, Matteo
name: Blatter, Gianni
name: Türeci, Hakan E.
name: Keeling, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the coherence and fluorescence properties of the coherently pumped and dissipative Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model describing polaritons in a coupled-cavity array. At weak hopping we find strong signatures of photon blockade similar to single-cavity systems. At strong hopping the state of the photons in the array depends on its size. While the photon blockade persists in a dimer consisting of two coupled cavities, a coherent state forms on an extended lattice, which can be described in terms of a semi-classical model.
Orixia Noyes 2023
Creators: name: Noyes, John Stuart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Diaspididae
Orixia

description: Key to Costa Rican species of Orixia
(Females)
 1. Head orange.................................................................................. demos sp.nov. (p. 146)
- Head black...................................................................................................................... 2
 2 (1) Antenna with clava yellow or pale orange; hind tibia orange...... philotes sp.nov. (p. 147)
 - Antenna with clava dark brown; hind tibia mostly dark brown....... sirus sp.nov. (p. 148)
description: Published as part of Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), pp. 1-921 in Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) (Oxford, England) 2 (11) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8074943
Osteogeneiosus militaris
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Ariidae
Osteogeneiosus
Osteogeneiosus militaris

description: Osteogeneiosus militaris (Linnaeus, 1758) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 5, 189– 250 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 19 Mar. 2019; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (66) 00009.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 616, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
Cosmological measure with volume averaging and the vacuum energy problem
Creators: name: Astashenok, Artyom V.
name: Del Popolo, Antonino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we give a possible solution to the cosmological constant problem. It is shown hat the traditional approach, based on volume weighting of probabilities, leads to an incoherent onclusion: the probability that a randomly chosen observer measures $Λ=0$ is exactly equal to 1. Using an alternative, volume averaging measure, instead of volume weighting can explain why the osmological constant is non-zero.
Attempt to find a correlation between the spin of stellar-mass black hole candidates and the power of steady jets: relaxing the Kerr black hole hypothesis
Creators: name: Bambi, Cosimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rotational energy of a black hole can be extracted via the Blandford-Znajek mechanism and numerical simulations suggest a strong dependence of the power of the produced jet on the black hole spin. A recent study has found no evidence for a correlation between the spin and the power of steady jets. If the measurements of the spin and of the jet power are correct, it leads one to conclude that steady jets are not powered by the black hole spin. In this paper, I explore another possibility: I assume that steady jets are powered by the spin and I check if current observations can be explained if astrophysical black hole candidates are not the Kerr black hole predicted by General Relativity. It turns out that this scenario might indeed be possible. While such a possibility is surely quite speculative, it is definitively intriguing and can be seriously tested when future more accurate measurements will be available.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. v2: refereed version significantly longer. v3: "Harvard group" replaced by "Harvard-Smithsonian CfA group" in the text
Enhanced zero-bias Majorana peak in disordered multi-subband quantum wires
Creators: name: Pientka, Falko
name: Kells, Graham
name: Romito, Alessandro
name: Brouwer, Piet W.
name: von Oppen, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent experiment [Mourik et al., Science 336, 1003 (2012)] on InSb quantum wires provides possible evidence for the realization of a topological superconducting phase and the formation of Majorana bound states. Motivated by this experiment, we consider the signature of Majorana bound states in the differential tunneling conductance of multi-subband wires. We show that the weight of the Majorana-induced zero-bias peak is strongly enhanced by mixing of subbands, when disorder is added to the end of the quantum wire. We also consider how the topological phase transition is reflected in the gap structure of the current-voltage characteristic.
description: 4+ pages, 5 figures, minor changes in the text and Fig. 5, references added; published version
Plasma adiponectin levels are associated with circulating inflammatory cytokines in autoantibody positive first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Creators: name: Hughes-Austin, Jan M.
name: Deane, Kevin D.
name: Giles, Jon T.
name: Derber, Lezlie A.
name: Zerbe, Gary O.
name: Dabelea, Dana M.
name: Sokolove, Jeremy
name: Robinson, William H.
name: Holers, V. Michael
name: Norris, Jill M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammation
Protein hormones
Cytokines
Autoimmunity

description: Background
Extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), potentially due to systemic inflammation, include cardiovascular disease and sarcopenic obesity. Adiponectin, an adipose-derived cytokine, has been implicated in inflammatory processes in RA, but little is known regarding its association with inflammation in a pre-clinical period. Therefore, we investigated whether adiponectin was associated with inflammatory markers in individuals at risk for RA, and whether RA-related autoimmunity modifies these associations.

Methods
We analyzed samples from 144 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of RA probands, of whom 23 were positive for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and/or ≥ 2 rheumatoid factor isotypes (IgM, IgG or IgA). We called this phenotype the ‘high risk autoantibody profile (HRP)’ as it has been shown in prior work to be >96% specific for future RA. We measured adiponectin, cytokines, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Using linear mixed effects models, we evaluated interaction between HRP positivity and adiponectin on inflammatory markers, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, pack-years smoking, and use of cholesterol-lowering medications.

Results
In everyone, adiponectin concentration was inversely associated with hsCRP and IL-1β in adjusted models, where a 1% higher adiponectin was associated with a 26% lower hsCRP (p = 0.04) and a 26% lower IL-1β (p = 0.04). Significant interactions between HRP and adiponectin for associations with GM-CSF, IL-6, and IL-9 were detected in fully adjusted models (p = 0.0006, p = 0.006, p = 0.01, respectively). In HRP positive FDRs but not HRP negative FDRs, a 1% higher adiponectin was associated with 97% higher GM-CSF, 73% higher IL-6, and 54% higher IL-9 concentrations.

Conclusions
Adiponectin associates with inflammatory markers, and these associations differ in individuals with a high-risk autoantibody profile compared with those without. The interaction between adiponectin and autoimmunity warrants further investigation into the potential systemic effects of RA-related autoantibodies and adiponectin on inflammation in the absence of clinically apparent RA.
title: All-Pass Delays and Residue Amplifier for a 10-GS/s Non-Blocking Subranging ADC
Creators: name: Kabirkhoo, Zahra
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Delay circuits play a critical role in various applications, notably, in recent years, analog delays have been utilized in certain analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architectures, including continuous-time pipelined ADCs (CTP-ADCs) and non-blocking subranging ADCs (NBSADCs), where they help improve the overall ADC speed and/or resolution. In this work, the proposed delay circuits are specifically tailored for a 10-GS/s, 8-bit non-blocking subranging ADC (NBS-ADC) intended for radio telescope applications. First, this thesis proposes a high-order all-pass-filter (APF) circuit topology. The design process and tunability are explored using both TSMC 65-nm-CMOS and 22-nm FDSOI CMOS technologies. The proposed 6th-order APF, implemented in TSMC 65-nm-CMOS, achieves a delay range from 250 ps (BW10%=0–8 GHz) to 400ps (BW10%=0–5 GHz) having the state-of-the-art DBW10%=2. Additionally, 3rd- and 4th-order APFs were subsequently designed in GlobalFoundries 22-nm FDSOI CMOS for a 5G beamforming receiver operating from 24.3 to 28.7 GHz. The 3rd- and 4th-order APFs exhibited 9-to-21 and 21-to-36 ps delay ranges, respectively, to generate beams from 0° to 35°. Also, in further steps we sought a solution to eliminate inductors entirely, leading to the design of a compact, inductorless, cascadable GHz-frequency APF delay circuit. Results obtained using a TSMC 65-nm-CMOS containing 4 cascaded APF cells, exhibiting a delay tuning range of 300 to 500 ps over a 0.1-to-4-GHz bandwidth. The filter occupies an active area of 0.04 mm2 and dissipates 6.2 mW/cell from a 1.3-V supply. The APF achieved a delay-per-area metric that is at least 1.6 times greater than that of previous gm-C APFs, while also operating across a wider bandwidth. It exhibited a high delay-bandwidth product (DBW) of 1.95, all while maintaining a gain of 3.3 dB. Finally, we presented a novel residue generation and amplification (RGA) stage that employs inductive peaking and a tunable-gain post-amplifier reaching a high gain and a wide bandwidth, for a 10-GS/s, 8-bit NBS-ADC intended for radio telescope applications.
Plicofollis argyropleuron
Creators: name: Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
name: Lavoué, Sébastien
name: Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani
name: Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah
name: A. Rahim, Masazurah
name: Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Siluriformes
Ariidae
Plicofollis
Plicofollis argyropleuron

description: Plicofollis argyropleuron (Valenciennes, 1840) Material examined. MALAYSIA • 1, 225 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (66) 00003. • 2, 285– 290 mm TL; Kedah State, Kuala Kedah, Kuala Muda Whispering Market; 05.578°N, 100.341°E; 6 Dec. 2018; Danial H. Zainal Abidin, Norli F.M.A.H. Alshari leg.; USMFC (66) 00004.
description: Published as part of Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz, Lavoué, Sébastien, Mohd Abu Hassan Alshari, Norli Fauzani, Mohd. Nor, Siti Azizah, A. Rahim, Masazurah & Mohammed Akib, Noor Adelyna, 2021, Ichthyofauna of Sungai Merbok Mangrove Forest Reserve, northwest Peninsular Malaysia, and its adjacent marine waters, pp. 601-631 in Check List 17 (2) on page 616, DOI: 10.15560/17.2.601
Global patterns of crop yield stability under additional nutrient and water inputs
Creators: name: Müller, Christoph
name: Elliott, Joshua W.
name: Pugh, Thomas A. M.
name: Ruane, Alexander
name: Ciais, Philippe
name: Balkovic, Juraj
name: Deryng, Delphine
name: Folberth, Christian
name: Izaurralde, R. Cesar
name: Jones, Curtis D.
name: Khabarov, Nikolay
name: Lawrence, Peter
name: Liu, Wenfeng
name: Reddy, Ashwan D.
name: Schmid, Erwin
name: Wang, Xuhui
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Land capability for agriculture
Crop yields--Computer simulation
Agricultural productivity
Crops and climate

description: Agricultural production must increase to feed a growing and wealthier population, as well as to satisfy increasing demands for biomaterials and biomass-based energy. At the same time, deforestation and land-use change need to be minimized in order to preserve biodiversity and maintain carbon stores in vegetation and soils. Consequently, agricultural land use needs to be intensified in order to increase food production per unit area of land. Here we use simulations of AgMIP’s Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) phase 1 to assess implications of input-driven intensification (water, nutrients) on crop yield and yield stability, which is an important aspect in food security. We find region- and crop-specific responses for the simulated period 1980–2009 with broadly increasing yield variability under additional nitrogen inputs and stabilizing yields under additional water inputs (irrigation), reflecting current patterns of water and nutrient limitation. The different models of the GGCMI ensemble show similar response patterns, but model differences warrant further research on management assumptions, such as variety selection and soil management, and inputs as well as on model implementation of different soil and plant processes, such as on heat stress, and parameters. Higher variability in crop productivity under higher fertilizer input will require adequate buffer mechanisms in trade and distribution/storage networks to avoid food price volatility.
Optomechanical ground-state cooling in a continuous and efficient electro-optic transducer
Creators: name: Brubaker, Benjamin M.
name: Kindem, Jonathan M.
name: Urmey, Maxwell D.
name: Mittal, Sarang
name: Delaney, Robert D.
name: Burns, Peter S.
name: Vissers, Michael R.
name: Lehnert, Konrad W.
name: Regal, Cindy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The demonstration of a quantum link between microwave and optical frequencies would be an important step towards the realization of a quantum network of superconducting processors. A major impediment to quantum electro-optic transduction in all platforms explored to date is noise added by thermal occupation of modes involved in the transduction process, and it has proved difficult to realize low thermal occupancy concurrently with other desirable features like high duty cycle and high efficiency. In this work, we present an efficient and continuously operating electro-optomechanical transducer whose mechanical mode has been optically sideband-cooled to its quantum ground state. The transducer achieves a maximum efficiency of 47% and minimum input-referred added noise of 3.2 photons in upconversion. Moreover, the thermal occupancy of the transducer's microwave mode is minimally affected by continuous laser illumination with power more than two orders of magnitude greater than that required for optomechanical ground-state cooling.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures
Scalable techniques for the computation of viable and reachable sets : safety guarantees for high-dimensional linear time-invariant systems
Creators: name: Kaynama, Shahab
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Reachability analysis and viability theory are key in providing guarantees of safety and proving the existence of safety-preserving controllers for constrained dynamical systems. The minimal reachable tube and (by duality) the viability kernel are the only constructs that can be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, current numerical schemes that compute these constructs suffer from a complexity that is exponential in the dimension of the state, rendering them impractical for systems of dimension greater than three or four. In this thesis we propose two separate approaches that improve the scalability of the computation of the minimal reachable tube and the viability kernel for high-dimensional systems. The first approach is based on structure decomposition and aims to facilitate the use of computationally intensive yet versatile and powerful tools for higher-dimensional linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Within the structure decomposition framework we present two techniques – Schur-based and Riccati-based decompositions – that impose an appropriate structure on the system which is then exploited for the computation of our desired constructs in lower-dimensional subspaces. The second approach is based on set-theoretic methods and draws a new connection between the viability kernel and maximal reachable sets. Existing tools that compute the maximal reachable sets are efficient and scalable with polynomial complexity in time and space. As such, these scalable techniques can now be used to compute our desired constructs and therefore provide guarantees of safety for high-dimensional systems. Based on this new connection between the viability kernel and maximal reachable sets we propose a scalable algorithm using ellipsoidal techniques for reachability. We show that this algorithm can efficiently compute a conservative under-approximation of the viability kernel (or the discriminating kernel when uncertainties are present) for LTI systems. We then propose a permissive state-feedback control strategy that is capable of preserving safety despite bounded input authority and possibly unknown disturbances or model uncertainties for high-dimensional systems. We demonstrate the results of both of our approaches on a number of practical examples including a problem of safety in control of anesthesia and a problem of aerodynamic flight envelope protection.
Bounding Lorentz Violation at Particle Colliders By Tracking the Motion of Charged Particles
Creators: name: Altschul, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the presence of Lorentz violation, the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field is distorted. By measuring the eccentricities of particles' elliptical orbits and studying how those eccentricities vary with the absolute orientation of the laboratory, it is possible to constrain the Lorentz-violating c_JK parameters. For each observed species, this method can provide constraints on four linear combinations of coefficients for which, in some species, there are presently no two-sided bounds.
description: 14 pages
Vortex Interaction in Triple Flickering Buoyant Diffusion Flames
Creators: name: Yang, Tao
name: Chi, Yicheng
name: Zhang, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Triple flickering buoyant diffusion flames as a nonlinear dynamical system of coupled oscillators were computationally investigated. The four distinct dynamical modes (in-phase, death, rotation, and partial in-phase) observed in the previous candle-flame experiments were computationally reproduced for jet diffusion flames of methane. The four modes were interpreted from the perspective of vortex interaction and particularly of vorticity reconnection and vortex-induced flow. Specifically, the in-phase mode is caused by the periodic shedding of the trefoil vortex formed by the reconnection of three toroidal vortices; the death mode is due to the suppression of vortex shedding at small Reynolds numbers; the rotation mode appears as three toroidal vortices alternatively shed off with a constant phase difference; the partial in-phase model is caused by the vorticity reconnection of two toroidal vortices leaving another one shedding off in anti-phase.
description: 17 pages,8 pages,research paper
Additional file 10 of Physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic reveal metabolic pathway alterations in Gymnocypris przewalskii due to cold exposure
Creators: name: Liu, Sijia
name: Tian, Fei
name: Qi, Delin
name: Qi, Hongfang
name: Wang, Yang
name: Xu, Shixiao
name: Zhao, Kai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10.