cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Point-Contact Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Naidyuk, Yu. G.
name: Yanson, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The history is described of how one of the most commonly used electric circuit components, an ordinary electric contact, has become a powerful tool for the physicists to study various mechanisms of electron scattering in metals. The physical principles of spectroscopy of quasi-particle excitations in metals by means of point contacts (PCs) whose dimensions range from only a few to tens of nanometers are presented in a popular form.
description: 32 pages, 15 Figs., Translation from the Russian edition
Interest rate pass-through: a nonlinear vector error-correction approach
Creators: name: Popiel, Michal
name: Popiel, Michal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Interest rate pass-through
subject: cointegration
subject: asymmetric adjustment
subject: nonlinear vector error-correction model

description: This paper analyzes pass-through from money market rates to consumer retail loan and deposit rates in Canada from 1983 to 2015 using a nonlinear vector error- correction model. This model permits estimation of long-run pass-through coeffcients while simultaneously accounting for asymmetric adjustments and short-run dynamics. In contrast to empirical frameworks used in previous studies, it also allows testing of commonly made assumptions such as exogeneity of the market rate, making inference more robust. I find that pass-through was complete for all rates before the financial crisis although only after the mid 1990s for the 1 year mortgage rate. Since the end of the 2008{09 recession, pass-through remains complete in the mortgage market but has significantly declined for deposit rates. Furthermore, many rates adjust asymmetrically but the direction of rigidity differs among rates and time periods.
title: My Dog is My Piano, part 3
title: SCORE WRITTEN BY JADE DREYFUSS
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: hosted by Antonia Baehr and Jade Dreyfuss, make up productions,
Publisher: name: The Dynamic Archive
Year: 2021

description: Till the present day, there are four versions of ‘My Dog is My Piano’, part 3. Their scores are available on The Dynamic Archive website. If you want to see one of these scores in its entirety, please send a mail to this address : thedynamicarchive@hfk-bremen.deOn this page you can find excerpts from the score written by Jade Dreyfuss.
Neural representation and function of language in children with new onset partial epilepsy
Creators: name: Balsamo, Lyn M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: Partial epilepsy is associated with the presence of atypical language representation and a higher incidence of language impairment. The relationship between these variables has not been studied at disease onset; thus, it is not known whether seizures drive these changes or if they are present before disease onset. Use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows the study of patients early in the disease course, an option that was not available with the intracarotid sodium amobarbital procedure. We used blood oxygen dependent fMRI at 1.5 Tesla to assess language networks in 5 pediatric patients with new onset partial epilepsy of the left hemisphere and 23 normally developing children using an auditory semantic decision task. Nine patients and 23 normal volunteers completed a range of standardized cognitive and language measures. Group analysis of the volunteer data revealed a strongly left-lateralized pattern that closely resembles patterns typically observed in healthy adults. However, the magnitude and extent of activation in the fusiform gyrus suggest that children may be utilizing a developmental strategy, imagery, to complete the task. Measures of intersubject variability within language cortex captured a widespread network that suggests greater variability among a child population as compared to adults. Task performance was positively related to magnitude of signal change in the left middle frontal gyrus (BA 9). A region of interest analysis captured strongly left-lateralized regional indices among 4 of the patients and atypical, bilateral representation in 1 left-handed patient. The patient group performed more poorly on language measures than the control group suggesting that these skills may be compromised early in the disease course. Given the minimal seizure history and absence of structural lesions among these patients, these findings suggest that there may be an underlying disorder that manifests in epilepsy and its associated impairments.
Observations of the low-luminosity Type Iax supernova 2019gsc: a fainter clone of SN 2008ha?
Creators: name: Tomasella, Lina
name: Stritzinger, Maximilian
name: Benetti, Stefano
name: Elias-Rosa, Nancy
name: Cappellaro, Enrico
name: Kankare, Erkki
name: Lundqvist, Peter
name: Magee, Mark
name: Maguire, Kate
name: Pastorello, Andrea
name: Prentice, Simon
name: Reguitti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical photometric and spectroscopic observations of the faint-and-fast evolving type Iax SN 2019gsc, extending from the time of g-band maximum until about fifty days post maximum, when the object faded to an apparent r-band magnitude m_r = 22.48+/-0.11 mag. SN 2019gsc reached a peak luminosity of only M_g = -13.58 +/- 0.15 mag, and is characterised with a post-maximum decline rate Delta(m_15)_g = 1.08 +/- 0.14 mag. These light curve parameters are comparable to those measured for SN 2008ha of M_g = -13.89 +/- 0.14 mag at peak and Delta(m_15)_g = 1.80 +/- 0.03 mag. The spectral features of SN 2019gsc also resemble those of SN 2008ha at similar phases. This includes both the extremely low ejecta velocity at maximum, about 3,000 km/s, and at late-time (phase +54 d) strong forbidden iron and cobalt lines as well as both forbidden and permitted calcium features. Furthermore, akin to SN 2008ha, the bolometric light curve of SN 2019gsc is consistent with the production of 0.003 +/- 0.001 Msol of nickel. The explosion parameters, M_ej = 0.13 Msol and E_k = 12 x 10E48 erg, are also similar to those inferred for SN 2008ha. We estimate a sub-solar oxygen abundance for the host galaxy of SN 2019gsc, (12 + log10(O/H) = 8.10 +/- 0.18 dex), consistent with the equally metal-poor environment of SN 2008ha. Altogether, our dataset of SN 2019gsc indicates that this is a member of a small but growing group of extreme SN Iax that includes SN 2008ha and SN 2010ae.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. ACCEPTED 2020 June 04 MNRAS
The role of information technology policies in promoting social and economic development: A case study of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India
Creators: name: Dabla, Amitabh
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This study employs a political economy framework, based on Karl Polanyi's concept of an interventionist state, to assess the role of information technology policies in promoting social and economic development in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Analysis of the policies reveals the construction of a hybrid form of economy comprised of liberalization of market conditions and a continued attention to the problems of development and the public interest. The private information technology industry, apart from generating capital for reinvestment as well as tax revenue, has been targeted by the state as the leading sector in promoting entrepreneurship and new forms of employment for technically skilled and unskilled workers. To support the development of this industry the state has invested in the expansion of public and private institutions of advanced technical education, which provide skilled and technical labor capacity. At the same time the government has been compelled to restructure its own administrative institutions by means of information technology to provide more efficient and standardized services to both industry and its citizens. Thus the growth of the information technology sector in Andhra Pradesh has created a new infrastructure of education and efficient governance to support the sustained growth of information technology enterprises. However, access to opportunities of advanced scientific and technical education, necessary to participate in the information technology industry are limited to a very small percentage of Andhra Pradesh's citizens. This is not to suggest that conditions are definitive but rather point out that information technology policies and development goals may need to be reconstructed and redesigned to generate broader participation in Andhra Pradesh's economic development. This study offers recommendations toward that end paves the way for future research to assess and measure the ripple effects of information technologies, networks and industries for promoting economic growth and alleviating poverty.
Gauge theory for quantum XYZ spin glasses
Creators: name: Itoi, C.
name: Sakamoto, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nishimori's gauge theory is extended to the quantum XYZ $p$-spin glass model in finite dimensions. This enables us to obtain useful correlation equalities, which show also that Duhamel correlation functions at an arbitrary temperature are bounded by those in the corresponding classical model on the Nishimori line. These bounds give that the spontaneous magnetization vanishes in any low temperature even if the model enters the $\mathbb Z_2$-symmetry broken spin glass phase. This theory explains well-known fact from experiments and numerical calculations that the magnetic susceptibility does not diverge in the spin glass transition. The new gauge theory together with the known phase diagram of the Edwards-Anderson model can specify the spin glass region in the coupling constant space of the quantum Heisenberg XYZ spin glass model.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.19630
Dampak dari Covid-19 terhadap Pariwisata
Creators: name: Murfiah, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150603 Tourism Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150604 Tourism Marketing

description: Wabah Covid-19 akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan perekonomian, perdagangan atau ritel dan terutama pada industri pariwisata.
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) montanus Cresson 1878
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Melissodes (Eumelissodes) montanus Cresson, 1878
[Lectotype: ANSP; ♀ Colorado; New Mexico]
It has a wide range from southwestern USA to Oaxaca, Mexico. LaBerge (1961) reported one specimen in the Cape Mountains of BCS. We reviewed the specimen examined by LaBerge (1961) collected in La Laguna, Sierra La Laguna in October 1941 (CASC). See fig. 108.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
The Signaling Effect and Optimal LOLR Policy
Creators: name: Li, Mei
name: Milne, Frank
name: Qiu, Junfeng
name: Li, Mei
name: Milne, Frank
name: Qiu, Junfeng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Signaling
subject: Lender of Last Resort

description: When a central bank implements the LOLR policy in a financial crisis, bank creditors often infer a bank’s quality from whether or not it borrows from the central bank. We establish a formal model to study the optimal LOLR policy in the presence of this signaling effect, assuming that the central bank aims to encourage central bank borrowing to avoid inefficiencies caused by contagion. In our model, there are two types of banks: a high quality type with high expected asset returns and a low quality type with lower returns. Both types of banks need to roll over their short-term debts. A central bank offers to lend to both types of banks. After private creditors observe whether banks borrow from the central bank, banks try to borrow from the private market. We find that there may exist a separating equilibrium where only low quality banks borrow from the central bank; and two pooling equilibria where both types of banks do and do not borrow from the central bank. Our major results are as follows: (1) Considering the signaling effect, the central bank should set its lending rate lower than the prevailing market rate to induce both types of banks to borrow from the central bank. (2) Hiding the identity of banks borrowing from the central bank will encourage banks to borrow from the central bank. (3) The central bank may serve as a coordinator for the realization of its favored equilibrium.
Substructure in dark matter halos: Towards a model of the abundance and spatial distribution of subclumps
Creators: name: Sheth, Ravi K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I develop a model for the abundance and spatial distribution of dark matter subclumps. The model shows that subclumps of massive parent halos formed at earlier times than subclumps of the same mass in lower mass parents; equivalently, halos in dense regions at a given time formed earlier than halos of the same mass in less dense regions. This may provide the basis for interpreting recent observations which indicate that the stellar populations of the most massive elliptical galaxies are also the oldest.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Reaching the quantum Hall regime with rotating Rydberg-dressed atoms
Creators: name: Burrello, Michele
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
name: Trombettoni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the striking progress in the field of quantum gases, one of their much anticipated application -- the simulation of quantum Hall states -- remains elusive: all experimental approaches so far failed in reaching a sufficiently small ratio between atom and vortex densities. In this paper we consider rotating Rydberg--dressed atoms in magnetic traps: these gases offer strong and tunable non-local repulsive interactions and very low densities; hence they provide an exceptional platform to reach the quantum Hall regime. Based on the Lindemann criterion and the analysis of the interplay of the length scales of the system, we show that there exists an optimal value of the dressing parameters that minimizes the ratio between the filling factor of the system and its critical value to enter the Hall regime, thus making it possible to reach this strongly--correlated phase for more than 1000 atoms under realistic conditions.
description: Published version, 10 pages, 4 figures
Anisotropy and oblique total transmission at a planar negative-index interface
Creators: name: Zhou, Lei
name: Chan, C. T.
name: Sheng, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a class of negative index (n) materials has interesting anisotropic optical properties, manifest in the effective refraction index that can be positive, negative, or purely imaginary under different incidence conditions. With dispersion taken into account, reflection at a planar negative-index interface exhibits frequency selective total oblique transmission that is distinct from the Brewster effect. Finite-difference-time-domain simulation of realistic negative-n structures confirms the analytic results based on effective indices.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. B
Qubit coherence control in a nuclear spin bath
Creators: name: de Sousa, Rogerio
name: Shenvi, Neil
name: Whaley, K. Birgitta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent dynamics of localized spins in semiconductors is limited by spectral diffusion arising from dipolar fluctuation of lattice nuclear spins. Here we extend the semiclassical theory of spectral diffusion for nuclear spins I=1/2 to the high nuclear spins relevant to the III-V materials and show that applying successive qubit pi-rotations at a rate approximately proportional to the nuclear spin quantum number squared (I^2) provides an efficient method for coherence enhancement. Hence robust coherent manipulation in the large spin environments characteristic of the III-V compounds is possible without resorting to nuclear spin polarization, provided that the pi-pulses can be generated at intervals scaling as I^{-2}.
The role of information technology policies in promoting social and economic development: A case study of the state of Andhra Pradesh in India
Creators: name: Dabla, Amitabh
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study employs a political economy framework, based on Karl Polanyi's concept of an interventionist state, to assess the role of information technology policies in promoting social and economic development in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Analysis of the policies reveals the construction of a hybrid form of economy comprised of liberalization of market conditions and a continued attention to the problems of development and the public interest. The private information technology industry, apart from generating capital for reinvestment as well as tax revenue, has been targeted by the state as the leading sector in promoting entrepreneurship and new forms of employment for technically skilled and unskilled workers. To support the development of this industry the state has invested in the expansion of public and private institutions of advanced technical education, which provide skilled and technical labor capacity. At the same time the government has been compelled to restructure its own administrative institutions by means of information technology to provide more efficient and standardized services to both industry and its citizens. Thus the growth of the information technology sector in Andhra Pradesh has created a new infrastructure of education and efficient governance to support the sustained growth of information technology enterprises. However, access to opportunities of advanced scientific and technical education, necessary to participate in the information technology industry are limited to a very small percentage of Andhra Pradesh's citizens. This is not to suggest that conditions are definitive but rather point out that information technology policies and development goals may need to be reconstructed and redesigned to generate broader participation in Andhra Pradesh's economic development. This study offers recommendations toward that end paves the way for future research to assess and measure the ripple effects of information technologies, networks and industries for promoting economic growth and alleviating poverty.
Melissodes (Eumelissodes) terminatus LaBerge 1961
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Melissodes (Eumelissodes) terminatus LaBerge, 1961
Endemic
[Holotype: CASC; ♂ 51.49 km south of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico; July 31, 1934]
This species is only known from a male collected in the Coastal Sage Matorral, (32 miles south of Tijuana) BC, in July 1934 (LaBerge 1961). See fig. 108.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
MHD Simulations of the ISM: The Importance of the Galactic Magnetic Field on the ISM "Phases"
Creators: name: de Avillez, M. A.
name: Breitschwerdt, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out 1.25 pc resolution MHD simulations of the ISM, on a Cartesian grid of $0 \leq (x,y) \leq 1$ kpc size in the galactic plane and $-10 \leq z \leq 10$ kpc into the halo, thus being able to fully trace the time-dependent evolution of the galactic fountain. The simulations show that large scale gas streams emerge, driven by SN explosions, which are responsible for the formation and destruction of shocked compressed layers. The shocked gas can have densities as high as 800 cm$^{-3}$ and lifetimes up to 15 Myr. The cold gas is distributed into filaments which tend to show a preferred orientation due to the anisotropy of the flow induced by the galactic magnetic field. Ram pressure dominates the flow in the unstable branch $10^{2}
description: 8 pages, 8 figures (in jpeg format) that include 2 simulations images and 6 plots. Paper accepted by the referee for publication in the proceedings of ``Magnetic fields and star formation: theory versus observations'', kluwer
Relations between *education and economics: The case of the state of Kerala, India
Creators: name: Kornilov, Guerman V.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Using institutional methodology, this study analyzes the historical development of education and economic growth in the state of Kerala. A large amount of data has been collected from various sources, including the Census of India and the Government of India publications. The data from the post-Independence Censuses of India and other sources are used to test models of relationship between education, as proxy to human capital, and economic output in India with specific emphasis on Kerala state. It is found that the Solow model and its modification do not best describe this relation. Contrary to the Solow model and its modifications for human capital contribution, no variations in higher education in various states, including Kerala and India overall, could be used to explain the income variations. A new model of development and growth should be developed based on the historical analyses of the origins of economic underdevelopment. Education has played an important role in the development of the Kerala society and was a major contributing factor to the state's achievements in social progress.
Relations between *education and economics: The case of the state of Kerala, India
Creators: name: Kornilov, Guerman V.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Using institutional methodology, this study analyzes the historical development of education and economic growth in the state of Kerala. A large amount of data has been collected from various sources, including the Census of India and the Government of India publications. The data from the post-Independence Censuses of India and other sources are used to test models of relationship between education, as proxy to human capital, and economic output in India with specific emphasis on Kerala state. It is found that the Solow model and its modification do not best describe this relation. Contrary to the Solow model and its modifications for human capital contribution, no variations in higher education in various states, including Kerala and India overall, could be used to explain the income variations. A new model of development and growth should be developed based on the historical analyses of the origins of economic underdevelopment. Education has played an important role in the development of the Kerala society and was a major contributing factor to the state's achievements in social progress.
Asynchronous Entanglement Routing for the Quantum Internet
Creators: name: Yang, Zebo
name: Ghubaish, Ali
name: Jain, Raj
name: Shapourian, Hassan
name: Shabani, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the emergence of the Quantum Internet, the need for advanced quantum networking techniques has significantly risen. Various models of quantum repeaters have been presented, each delineating a unique strategy to ensure quantum communication over long distances. We focus on repeaters that employ entanglement generation and swapping. This revolves around establishing remote end-to-end entanglement through repeaters, a concept we denote as the "quantum-native" repeaters (also called "first-generation" repeaters in some literature). The challenges in routing with quantum-native repeaters arise from probabilistic entanglement generation and restricted coherence time. Current approaches use synchronized time slots to search for entanglement-swapping paths, resulting in inefficiencies. Here, we propose a new set of asynchronous routing protocols for quantum networks by incorporating the idea of maintaining a dynamic topology in a distributed manner, which has been extensively studied in classical routing for lossy networks, such as using a destination-oriented directed acyclic graph (DODAG) or a spanning tree. The protocols update the entanglement-link topology asynchronously, identify optimal entanglement-swapping paths, and preserve unused direct-link entanglements. Our results indicate that asynchronous protocols achieve a larger upper bound with an appropriate setting and significantly higher entanglement rate than existing synchronous approaches, and the rate increases with coherence time, suggesting that it will have a much more profound impact on quantum networks as technology advances.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in the AVS Quantum Science journal
Purchase, Pirate, Publicize: Private-Network Music Sharing and Market Album Sales
Creators: name: Lee, Jonathan F.
name: Lee, Jonathan F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: intellectual property
subject: copyright
subject: file sharing
subject: piracy
subject: digital music

description: I quantify the effects of private-network music sharing on aggregate album sales in the BitTorrent era using a panel of US sales and private-network downloads for 2,109 albums during 2008. Exogenous shocks to the network's sharing constraints address the simultaneity problem. In theory, private- network activity could crowd out sales by building aggregate file sharing ca- pacity or increase sales through word of mouth. I find evidence that private- network sharing results in decreased album sales for top{tier artists, though the economic impact is quite modest. However, private-network activity seems to help mid{tier artists. The results are consistent with claims that word of mouth is stronger for lesser-known artists and that digital sales are more vulnerable to increases in file sharing capacity. I discuss policy implica- tions and alternatives to costly legal efforts to shut down private le sharing networks.
The Informative Role of Prices in Markets with Endogenously Informed Buyers
Creators: name: Fishman, Arthur
name: Fishman, Arthur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Prices Signal Quality
subject: Endogenous Information

description: Sellers are typically better informed about product quality than their customers. Because sellers have an incentive to misrepresent quality, it may not be possible for market prices to effectively convey this information to rational consumers, as was first argued by Akerloff (1970). The purpose of this paper is to argue that even if sellers are initially better informed than buyers, prices may yet be informative if buyers can purchase additional information about quality from an external, reliable source. In this setting, the informative role of prices is shown to depend crucially on the cost of external information to consumers. In particular, there exists a critical value such that when the cost of information is below this value, the market equilibrium is characterized by two distinct prices and a different pricing strategy for each type of seller. High quality sellers deterministically charge the high price while low quality sellers randomize between the low price, which corresponds to the low quality price that obtains under conditions of complete information, and the high price. The equilibrium frequency with which the high price is mimiced by low quality sellers decreases as the cost of information grows smaller and goes to zero in the limit. Correspondingly, the level of the high price increases as the cost of information decreases and approaches the complete information high quality price in the limit. Thus the less costly it is for buyers to become independently informed, the less noise the low quality seller generates and the more informative about quality the high price is.
Dampak dari Covid-19 terhadap Pariwisata
Creators: name: Murfiah, Sarah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150603 Tourism Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150604 Tourism Marketing

description: Wabah Covid-19 akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan perkonomian, perdagangan atau ritel dan terutama pada industri pariwisata.
Pixel-in-Pixel Net: Towards Efficient Facial Landmark Detection in the Wild
Creators: name: Jin, Haibo
name: Liao, Shengcai
name: Shao, Ling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, heatmap regression models have become popular due to their superior performance in locating facial landmarks. However, three major problems still exist among these models: (1) they are computationally expensive; (2) they usually lack explicit constraints on global shapes; (3) domain gaps are commonly present. To address these problems, we propose Pixel-in-Pixel Net (PIPNet) for facial landmark detection. The proposed model is equipped with a novel detection head based on heatmap regression, which conducts score and offset predictions simultaneously on low-resolution feature maps. By doing so, repeated upsampling layers are no longer necessary, enabling the inference time to be largely reduced without sacrificing model accuracy. Besides, a simple but effective neighbor regression module is proposed to enforce local constraints by fusing predictions from neighboring landmarks, which enhances the robustness of the new detection head. To further improve the cross-domain generalization capability of PIPNet, we propose self-training with curriculum. This training strategy is able to mine more reliable pseudo-labels from unlabeled data across domains by starting with an easier task, then gradually increasing the difficulty to provide more precise labels. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of PIPNet, which obtains state-of-the-art results on three out of six popular benchmarks under the supervised setting. The results on two cross-domain test sets are also consistently improved compared to the baselines. Notably, our lightweight version of PIPNet runs at 35.7 FPS and 200 FPS on CPU and GPU, respectively, while still maintaining a competitive accuracy to state-of-the-art methods. The code of PIPNet is available at https://github.com/jhb86253817/PIPNet.
description: Accepted to IJCV
Rationality, Nash Equilibrium and Backward Induction in Perfect Information Games
Creators: name: Ben-Porath, Elchanan
name: Ben-Porath, Elchanan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Financial Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We say that a player is certain of an event A if he gives A probability 1. There is common certainty (CC) of A if the event A occurred, each player is certain of A, each player is certain that every other player is certain of A and so forth. It is shown that in a generic perfect information game the set of outcomes that are consistent with common certainty of rationality (CCR) at the beginning of the game coincides with the set of outcomes that survive one deletion of weakly dominated strategies and then iterative deletion of strongly dominated strategies. Thus, the backward induction outcome is not the only outcome that is consistent with CCR. In particular, cooperation in Rosenthal's [1981] centepede game, and fighting in Selten's [1978] chain—store game are consistent with CCR at the beginning of the game. Intuitively, the problem with the backward induction argument, an argument which seems to follow from CCR, is that it assumes that players reason according to a certain logic even at vertices which are inconsistent with that logic (i.e. vertices that would not have been reached had the players followed the backward induction logic). Next, it is shown that if, in addition to CCR, there is CC that each player gives a positive probability to the true strategies and beliefs of the other players, and if there is CC of the support of the beliefs of each player, then the outcome of the game is a Nash equilibrium outcome. The paper concludes with an extension of the model which allows for the possibility of mistakes in the implementation of the strategies (as opposed to mistakes in the reasoning of the players). It is shown that if, in addition to CCR, there is CC that there is a small probability of a mistake at every vertex, then the players choose the backward induction strategies.
Logic-Scaffolding: Personalized Aspect-Instructed Recommendation Explanation Generation using LLMs
Creators: name: Rahdari, Behnam
name: Ding, Hao
name: Fan, Ziwei
name: Ma, Yifei
name: Chen, Zhuotong
name: Deoras, Anoop
name: Kveton, Branislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The unique capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), such as the natural language text generation ability, position them as strong candidates for providing explanation for recommendations. However, despite the size of the LLM, most existing models struggle to produce zero-shot explanations reliably. To address this issue, we propose a framework called Logic-Scaffolding, that combines the ideas of aspect-based explanation and chain-of-thought prompting to generate explanations through intermediate reasoning steps. In this paper, we share our experience in building the framework and present an interactive demonstration for exploring our results.
description: The 17th ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining (WSDM 2024)
Chiral perturbation theory for nonzero chiral imbalance
Creators: name: Espriu, Domènec
name: Nicola, Angel Gómez
name: Vioque-Rodríguez, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the most general low-energy effective lagrangian including local parity violating terms parametrized by an axial chemical potential or chiral imbalance $μ_5$, up to ${\cal O}(p^4)$ order in the chiral expansion for two light flavours. For that purpose, we work within the Chiral Perturbation Theory framework where only pseudo-NGB fields are included, following the external source method. The $\cal{O}(p^2)$ lagrangian is only modified by constant terms, while the $\cal{O}(p^4)$ one includes new terms proportional to $μ_5^2$ and new low-energy constants (LEC), which are renormalized and related to particular observables. In particular, we analyze the corrections to the pion dispersion relation and observables related to the vacuum energy density, namely the light quark condensate, the chiral and topological susceptibilities and the chiral charge density, providing numerical determinations of the new LEC when possible. In particular, we explore the dependence of the chiral restoration temperature $T_c$ with $μ_5$. An increasing $T_c(μ_5)$ is consistent with our fits to lattice data of the ChPT-based expressions. Although lattice uncertainties are still large and translate into the new LEC determination, a consistent physical description of those observables emerges from our present work, providing a theoretically robust model-independent framework for further study of physical systems where parity-breaking effects may be relevant, such as heavy-ion collisions.
description: 28 pages, 9 figures. Version accepted in JHEP. References, comments, section 5F and Figs.8,9 added
Hedonic Price Indexes for Spreadsheets and an Empirical Test of the Network Extrenalities Hypothesis
Creators: name: Gandal, Neil
name: Gandal, Neil
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics

description: In this paper, I first estimate and interpret hedonic price equations for computer spreadsheet programs and then use the analysis to empirically test whether network externalities exist in this industry. The results from this study are that consumers are willing to pay a significant premium for spreadsheets that are compatible with the Lotus platform and for spreadsheets that offer links to external data bases, and a smaller premium for spreadsheets that offer local area network compatibility. These results support the hypothesis that the computer spreadsheet market exhibits network externalities. The data also show that with the exception of the "network" features, the qualities most valued by consumers are basic rather than sophisticated. Finally, the quality—adjusted (real) price of computer spreadsheets has fallen by approximately 15 percent per annum over the last five years.
Effect of bilayer coupling on tunneling conductance of double-layer high T_c cuprates
Creators: name: Su, Y. H.
name: Chang, J.
name: Lu, H. T.
name: Luo, H. G.
name: Xiang, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical effects of bilayer coupling on the tunneling spectroscopy of high T$_{c}$ cuprates are investigated. The bilayer coupling separates the bonding and antibonding bands and leads to a splitting of the coherence peaks in the tunneling differential conductance. However, the coherence peak of the bonding band is strongly suppressed and broadened by the particle-hole asymmetry in the density of states and finite quasiparticle life-time, and is difficult to resolve by experiments. This gives a qualitative account why the bilayer splitting of the coherence peaks was not clearly observed in tunneling measurements of double-layer high-T$_c$ oxides.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in PRB
A new duality relating density perturbations in expanding and contracting Friedmann cosmologies
Creators: name: Boyle, Latham A.
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
name: Turok, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a 4-dimensional spatially-flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with a scalar field $ϕ(x)$, potential $V(ϕ)$ and constant equation of state $w=p/ρ$, we show that an expanding solution characterized by $ε=3(1+w)/2$ produces the same scalar perturbations as a contracting solution with $\hatε=1/ε$. The same symmetry applies to both the dominant and subdominant scalar perturbation modes. This result admits a simple physical interpretation and generalizes to $d$ spacetime dimensions if we define $ε\equiv [(2d-5)+(d-1)w]/(d-2)$.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Modes of international technology transfers: Role of R&D intensity, spillovers and intellectual property rights
Creators: name: Sanyal, Prabuddha
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: The goal of this dissertation is to enhance the understanding of the forces that govern technology transfer to a host country. The first two parts examine the forces governing foreign direct investment, while the third focuses on the choice between direct investment and licensing. The role of R&D intensity of the host country, spillovers from the affiliates to the host country and to the multinational enterprise (MNE), and the role of intellectual property rights (IPR) on technology transfer are examined. Chapter two explores the mode of entering a foreign market through foreign direct investment or exports in a partial equilibrium setting. It sheds light on the existing literature showing how the interplay of factors such as MNE allocating resources devoted to R&D activities, the level of legal rights protection, and the spillovers that NINE obtains from subsidiaries and local competitors are crucial in the MNEs choice of FDI over exports. Chapter three empirically examines the theoretical predictions of chapter two. The analysis is initially undertaken for U.S. outward FDI for a sample of developed economies using panel data estimation techniques. The results indicate that there is not just one set of factors explaining FDI. Country-specific technological advantage is a significant determinant of outward FDI, accompanied with market access and tariff jumping. The results also show foreign markets are initially served through exports, and later through direct investment. The existence of a non-linear relationship between R&D spillovers and FDI is demonstrated. A sectoral analysis is then undertaken. The analysis reveals that intellectual property rights (IPR) has a positive and significant impact on the high technological sectors, and strengthening IPR in developing host countries has no significant impact on inward FDI. Chapter 4 examines the role of the same determinants in the choice of FDI versus licensing. We analyzed U.S. MNEs for a sample of host economies using two methodologies: panel data and SUR estimation. The main result is that strengthening IPR in the host country has a positive impact on FDI and all forms of licensing. As R&D intensity and spillovers to the host country increase, the MNE prefers FDI over licensing.
Hopf type Theorem for Self-Shrinkers
Creators: name: Alencar, Hilário
name: Neto, Gregório Silva
name: Zhou, Detang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53C42, Secondary 53C44, 53A10

description: In this paper, we prove that a two-dimensional self-shrinker, homeomorphic to the sphere, immersed in the three dimensional Euclidean space is a round sphere, provided its mean curvature and the norm of its position vector have an upper bound in terms of the norm of its traceless second fundamental form. The example constructed by Drugan justifies that the hypothesis on the second fundamental form is necessary. We can also prove the same kind of rigidity results for surfaces with parallel weighted mean curvature vector in R n with radial weight. These results are applications of a new generalization of Cauchy's Theorem in complex analysis which concludes that a complex function is identically zero or its zeroes are isolated if it satisfies some weak holomorphy.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures. Dedicated to the memory of Manfredo do Carmo. Final version, accepted for publication at the Journal f\"ur die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelle's Journal)
Modes of international technology transfers: Role of R&D intensity, spillovers and intellectual property rights
Creators: name: Sanyal, Prabuddha
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The goal of this dissertation is to enhance the understanding of the forces that govern technology transfer to a host country. The first two parts examine the forces governing foreign direct investment, while the third focuses on the choice between direct investment and licensing. The role of R&D intensity of the host country, spillovers from the affiliates to the host country and to the multinational enterprise (MNE), and the role of intellectual property rights (IPR) on technology transfer are examined. Chapter two explores the mode of entering a foreign market through foreign direct investment or exports in a partial equilibrium setting. It sheds light on the existing literature showing how the interplay of factors such as MNE allocating resources devoted to R&D activities, the level of legal rights protection, and the spillovers that NINE obtains from subsidiaries and local competitors are crucial in the MNEs choice of FDI over exports. Chapter three empirically examines the theoretical predictions of chapter two. The analysis is initially undertaken for U.S. outward FDI for a sample of developed economies using panel data estimation techniques. The results indicate that there is not just one set of factors explaining FDI. Country-specific technological advantage is a significant determinant of outward FDI, accompanied with market access and tariff jumping. The results also show foreign markets are initially served through exports, and later through direct investment. The existence of a non-linear relationship between R&D spillovers and FDI is demonstrated. A sectoral analysis is then undertaken. The analysis reveals that intellectual property rights (IPR) has a positive and significant impact on the high technological sectors, and strengthening IPR in developing host countries has no significant impact on inward FDI. Chapter 4 examines the role of the same determinants in the choice of FDI versus licensing. We analyzed U.S. MNEs for a sample of host economies using two methodologies: panel data and SUR estimation. The main result is that strengthening IPR in the host country has a positive impact on FDI and all forms of licensing. As R&D intensity and spillovers to the host country increase, the MNE prefers FDI over licensing.