cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optimizing transport in a homogeneous network
Creators: name: Durand, Marc
name: Weaire, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many situations in physics, biology, and engineering consist of the transport of some physical quantity through a network of narrow channels. The ability of a network to transport such a quantity in every direction can be described by the average conductivity associated with. When the flow through each channel is conserved and derives from a potential function, we show that there exist an upper bound of the average conductivity, and explicitly give the expression for this upper bound as a function of the channel permeability and channel length distributions. Moreover, we express the necessary and sufficient conditions on the network structure to maximize the average conductivity. These conditions are found to be independent of the connectivity of the vertices.
Evaluation of Big Data based CNN Models in Classification of Skin Lesions with Melanoma
Creators: name: Naronglerdrit, Prasitthichai
name: Mporas, Iosif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This chapter presents a methodology for diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions using convolutional neural networks. The architecture is based on convolu-tional neural networks and it is evaluated using new CNN models as well as re-trained modification of pre-existing CNN models were used. The experi-mental results showed that CNN models pre-trained on big datasets for gen-eral purpose image classification when re-trained in order to identify skin le-sion types offer more accurate results when compared to convolutional neural network models trained explicitly from the dermatoscopic images. The best performance was achieved by re-training a modified version of ResNet-50 convolutional neural network with accuracy equal to 93.89%. Analysis on skin lesion pathology type was also performed with classification accuracy for melanoma and basal cell carcinoma being equal to 79.13% and 82.88%, respectively.
description: Series Title: Studies in Computational Intelligence, Book Title: Deep Learning for Cancer Diagnosis, Series Volume: 908, DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6321-8, eBook ISBN: 978-981-15-6321-8
TRENDS IN THE NORTH DAKOTA ECONOMY
Creators: name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: employment
subject: population
subject: per capita income
subject: retail sales
subject: pull factors

description: As North Dakota has shifted from its traditional dependence on natural resource-based activities to a more diversified economy, changes in employment, population, income, and retail sales have occurred. This report summarizes changes in these and other economic indicators at the county and community level from 1980 to 2004. Employment increased 12 percent from 1990 to 2004, with 19 of the state's 53 counties registering job growth. The largest percentage (and absolute) gains were in Cass (Fargo) and Burleigh (Bismarck) counties. Population statewide decreased by less than 1 percent from 1990 to 2004, as substantial growth in the Fargo and Bismarck-Mandan metropolitan areas was offset by population decreases in most of the state's rural counties. Per capita income (adjusted for inflation) increased 32 percent statewide from 1990 to 2004. The 2004 value ($29,247) was about 89 percent of U.S. per capita income, compared to 79 percent in 1990. Retail sales also increased substantially from 1990 to 2004, and the state's four wholesale-retail trade centers accounted for a growing share of sales. Pull factors, which measure a community's retail sales compared to residents' purchasing power, were stable or increasing for the wholesale-retail centers and declining for smaller trade centers, on average.
Additional file 1 of Risk of metastatic disease using [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT for primary prostate cancer staging
Creators: name: Chikatamarla, Venkata Avinash
name: Okano, Satomi
name: Jenvey, Peter
name: Ansaldo, Alexander
name: Roberts, Matthew J.
name: Ramsay, Stuart C.
name: Thomas, Paul A.
name: Pattison, David A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary table lists the patients' age, Gleason score, ISUP grade, histology and PSA level for the seven patients with negative [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT.
THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE NORTH DAKOTA ECONOMY
Creators: name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Coon, Randal C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: economic base
subject: value added
subject: economic indicators

description: The purpose of this report is to assess the role of agriculture in the North Dakota economy. This analysis is both statewide and regional in perspective (data are provided for each of the state's eight planning regions). Key indicators used in the analysis include sales for final demand (i.e., sales to out-of-state markets), gross business volume (gross receipts), gross state product (value added), and direct employment for each economic sector. The analysis reveals that, although its role in the North Dakota economy has been reduced in a relative sense, agriculture remains a cornerstone of the state economy and remains the largest goods and services exporting sector. While agriculture accounts for smaller shares of state sales for final demand, gross business volume, and gross state product than was the case 10 or 20 years ago, the decrease in agriculture's relative importance in most cases merely signifies that other sectors (e.g., manufacturing) have grown more rapidly. Thus, agriculture's decreasing share of sales for final demand or gross state product to a large extent reflects the success of long-term efforts to diversify the North Dakota economy. The agriculture sector has contributed to North Dakota's economic growth and diversification by serving as a source of commodities for further value-added processing (e.g., durum, potatoes) and as a market for farm input manufacturers. Manufacturing has been the largest single source of growth in gross state product over the past two decades, and both farm input manufacturing (part of durable goods manufacturing) and food processing (part of nondurable goods manufacturing) have been substantial sources of that growth. The importance of agriculture to North Dakota's economy can be highlighted: -Agriculture accounts for one-fourth of basic economic activity and almost 36 percent of all exports of goods and services -Agriculture directly employs almost 11 percent of the state's workers and generates more than $6 billion in business activity (gross receipts) -North Dakota ranks second in the nation in the percentage of gross state product derived from agriculture
Additional file 1 of Burden of moderate to severe anaemia and severe stunting in children < 3 years in conflict-hit Mount Cameroon: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Sumbele, Irene Ule Ngole
name: Asoba, Gillian Nkeudem
name: Teh, Rene Ning
name: Metuge, Samuel
name: Anchang-Kimbi, Judith Kuoh
name: Nkuo-Akenji, Theresa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Mean (SD) clinical and laboratory characteristics of participants by sex and age. This file shows children 0.1–1.0-year-old had highest mean WBC and RBC counts, those 1.1–2.0 years had highest RDW-CV while those 2.1–3.0 year’s old had highest temperature, MCV, MCH and lowest platelet counts. The differences were statistically significant.
PPFS: Predictive Permutation Feature Selection
Creators: name: Hassan, Atif
name: Paik, Jiaul H.
name: Khare, Swanand
name: Hassan, Syed Asif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose Predictive Permutation Feature Selection (PPFS), a novel wrapper-based feature selection method based on the concept of Markov Blanket (MB). Unlike previous MB methods, PPFS is a universal feature selection technique as it can work for both classification as well as regression tasks on datasets containing categorical and/or continuous features. We propose Predictive Permutation Independence (PPI), a new Conditional Independence (CI) test, which enables PPFS to be categorised as a wrapper feature selection method. This is in contrast to current filter based MB feature selection techniques that are unable to harness the advancements in supervised algorithms such as Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM). The PPI test is based on the knockoff framework and utilizes supervised algorithms to measure the association between an individual or a set of features and the target variable. We also propose a novel MB aggregation step that addresses the issue of sample inefficiency. Empirical evaluations and comparisons on a large number of datasets demonstrate that PPFS outperforms state-of-the-art Markov blanket discovery algorithms as well as, well-known wrapper methods. We also provide a sketch of the proof of correctness of our method. Implementation of this work is available at \url{https://github.com/atif-hassan/PyImpetus}
description: 7 pages. For the implementation of this work, see https://github.com/atif-hassan/PyImpetus
Flat Information Geometries in Black Hole Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Aman, J. E.
name: Bengtsson, Ingemar
name: Pidokrajt, Narit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hessian of either the entropy or the energy function can be regarded as a metric on a Gibbs surface. For two parameter families of asymptotically flat black holes in arbitrary dimension one or the other of these metrics are flat, and the state space is a flat wedge. The mathematical reason for this is traced back to the scale invariance of the Einstein-Maxwell equations. The picture of state space that we obtain makes some properties such as the occurence of divergent specific heats transparent.
description: 14 pages, one figure. Dedicated to Rafael Sorkin's birthday
Weakly Supervised Deep Nuclei Segmentation Using Partial Points Annotation in Histopathology Images
Creators: name: Qu, Hui
name: Wu, Pengxiang
name: Huang, Qiaoying
name: Yi, Jingru
name: Yan, Zhennan
name: Li, Kang
name: Riedlinger, Gregory M.
name: De, Subhajyoti
name: Zhang, Shaoting
name: Metaxas, Dimitris N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68-06

description: Nuclei segmentation is a fundamental task in histopathology image analysis. Typically, such segmentation tasks require significant effort to manually generate accurate pixel-wise annotations for fully supervised training. To alleviate such tedious and manual effort, in this paper we propose a novel weakly supervised segmentation framework based on partial points annotation, i.e., only a small portion of nuclei locations in each image are labeled. The framework consists of two learning stages. In the first stage, we design a semi-supervised strategy to learn a detection model from partially labeled nuclei locations. Specifically, an extended Gaussian mask is designed to train an initial model with partially labeled data. Then, selftraining with background propagation is proposed to make use of the unlabeled regions to boost nuclei detection and suppress false positives. In the second stage, a segmentation model is trained from the detected nuclei locations in a weakly-supervised fashion. Two types of coarse labels with complementary information are derived from the detected points and are then utilized to train a deep neural network. The fully-connected conditional random field loss is utilized in training to further refine the model without introducing extra computational complexity during inference. The proposed method is extensively evaluated on two nuclei segmentation datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve competitive performance compared to the fully supervised counterpart and the state-of-the-art methods while requiring significantly less annotation effort.
description: 12 pages
THE ROLE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE NORTH DAKOTA ECONOMY - SUMMARY
Creators: name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Coon, Randal C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: economic base
subject: value added
subject: economic indicators

description: The purpose of this report is to assess the role of agriculture in the North Dakota economy. This analysis is both statewide and regional in perspective (data are provided for each of the state's eight planning regions). Key indicators used in the analysis include sales for final demand (i.e., sales to out-of-state markets), gross business volume (gross receipts), gross state product (value added), and direct employment for each economic sector. The analysis reveals that, although its role in the North Dakota economy has been reduced in a relative sense, agriculture remains a cornerstone of the state economy and remains the largest goods and services exporting sector. While agriculture accounts for smaller shares of state sales for final demand, gross business volume, and gross state product than was the case 10 or 20 years ago, the decrease in agriculture's relative importance in most cases merely signifies that other sectors (e.g., manufacturing) have grown more rapidly. Thus, agriculture's decreasing share of sales for final demand or gross state product to a large extent reflects the success of long-term efforts to diversify the North Dakota economy. The agriculture sector has contributed to North Dakota's economic growth and diversification by serving as a source of commodities for further value-added processing (e.g., durum, potatoes) and as a market for farm input manufacturers. Manufacturing has been the largest single source of growth in gross state product over the past two decades, and both farm input manufacturing (part of durable goods manufacturing) and food processing (part of nondurable goods manufacturing) have been substantial sources of that growth. The importance of agriculture to North Dakota's economy can be highlighted: -Agriculture accounts for one-fourth of basic economic activity and almost 36 percent of all exports of goods and services -Agriculture directly employs almost 11 percent of the state's workers and generates more than $6 billion in business activity (gross receipts) -North Dakota ranks second in the nation in the percentage of gross state product derived from agriculture
Invariant metrics and Laplacians on Siegel-Jacobi space
Creators: name: Yang, Jae-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32-XX

description: In this paper, we compute Riemannian metrics on the Siegel-Jacobi space which are invariant under the natural action of the Jacobi group explicitly and also provide the Laplacians of these invariant metrics. These are expressed in terms of the trace form.
description: 18 pages ; Added contents, Added references ; typographical error [1] page 2, -line 5 (insert 4)
On Essential Incompleteness of Hertz's Experiments on Propagation of Electromagnetic Interactions
Creators: name: Smirnov-Rueda, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The historical background of the 19th century electromagnetic theory is revisited from the standpoint of the opposition between alternative approaches in respect to the problem of interactions. The 19th century electrodynamics became the battle-field of a paramount importance to test existing conceptions of interactions. Hertz's experiments were designed to bring a solid experimental evidence in favor of one of them. The modern scientific method applied to analyze Hertz's experimental approach as well as the analysis of his laboratory notes, dairy and private letters show that Hertz's "\textit{crucial}" experiments cannot be considered as conclusive at many points as it is generally implied. We found that alternative Helmholtz's electrodynamics did not contradict any of Hertz's experimental observations of transverse components as Maxwell's theory predicted. Moreover, as we now know from recently published Hertz's dairy and private notes, his first experimental results indicated clearly on infinite rate of propagation. Nevertheless, Hertz's experiments provided no further explicit information on non-local longitudinal components which were such an essential feature of Helmholtz's theory. Necessary and sufficient conditions for a decisive choice on the adequate account of electromagnetic interactions are discussed from the position of modern scientific method.
Additional file 2 of Burden of moderate to severe anaemia and severe stunting in children < 3 years in conflict-hit Mount Cameroon: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Sumbele, Irene Ule Ngole
name: Asoba, Gillian Nkeudem
name: Teh, Rene Ning
name: Metuge, Samuel
name: Anchang-Kimbi, Judith Kuoh
name: Nkuo-Akenji, Theresa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Prevalence of undernutrition and its forms by demographic and clinical factors. The file shows significantly higher prevalence of undernutrition (45.8%) in children from Ekona community while underweight was significantly higher in MP negative children (15.1%).
Sideband control of a multimode quantum bulk acoustic system
Creators: name: Kervinen, Mikael
name: Välimaa, Alpo
name: Ramírez-Muñoz, Jhon E.
name: Sillanpää, Mika A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multimode bulk acoustic systems show promise for use in superconducting quantum computation. They can serve as a medium term memory storage, with exceptional coherence times demonstrated, and they exhibit a mode density that is physically highly compact. Here we experimentally demonstrate accessing individual acoustic modes without being hindered by the uniform frequency spacing of the modes. We use sideband control where a low-frequency modulation is applied to the transmon qubit energy. The amplitude of the modulation defines the qubit-acoustic mode coupling, and its frequency detunes the acoustic sidebands, therefore enabling selectively switching on or off the interaction, and allows for a full control on the individual modes.
Exact scalings in competitive growth models
Creators: name: Braunstein, L. A.
name: Lam, Chi-Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A competitive growth model (CGM) describes aggregation of a single type of particle under two distinct growth rules with occurrence probabilities $p$ and $1-p$. We explain the origin of scaling behaviors of the resulting surface roughness with respect to $p$ for two CGMs which describe random deposition (RD) competing with ballistic deposition (BD) and RD competing with the Edward Wilkinson (EW) growth rule. Exact scaling exponents are derived and are in agreement with previously conjectured values. Using this analytical result we are able to derive theoretically the scaling behaviors of the coefficients of the continuous equations that describe their universality classes. We also suggest that, in some CGM, the $p-$dependence on the coefficients of the continuous equation that represents the universality class can be non trivial. In some cases the process cannot be represented by a unique universality class. In order to show this we introduce a CGM describing RD competing with a constrained EW (CEW) model. This CGM show a transition in the scaling exponents from RD to a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang behavior when $p \to 0$ and to a Edward Wilkinson one when $p \to 1$. Our simulation results are in excellent agreement with the analytic predictions.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
On the Picard Group of the Moduli Space of Curves via $r$-Spin Structures
Creators: name: Gubarevich, Danil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we obtain explicit expressions for Pandharipande-Pixton-Zvonkine relations in the second rational cohomology of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{g,n}$ and comparing the result with Arbarello-Cornalba's theorem we prove Pixton's conjecture in this case.
Search for Magnetic Excitation Spectra of NaxCoO2.yD2O -Neutron Scattering-
Creators: name: Moyoshi, Taketo
name: Yasui, Yukio
name: Soda, Minoru
name: Kobayashi, Yoshiaki
name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Kakurai, Kazuhisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron inelastic scattering studies on aligned crystals of NaxCoO2.yD2O have been carried out. Significant scattering has been observed for phonons originating from the vibrations of the short-range ordered D2O molecules. No firm evidence for the magnetic fluctuations has been found for the NaxCoO2.yD2O, while the very weak intensity modulation observed in the j scans along (1/2, 1/2, j) suggests the existence of the antiferromagnetic fluctuations in the non-deuterated parts of the sample, the volume fraction of which is estimated to be about 26 %. The present results indicate that magnetic fluctuations, especially ferromagnetic ones are rather weak, in the deuterated system, which is consistent with the results of the NMR Knight shift reported by the present authors' group. We discuss the short-range ordered state of D2O, too by analyzing the observed diffuse scattering.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
PERCEPTIONS OF LEAFY SPURGE BY RANCH OPERATORS AND LOCAL DECISION MAKERS: AN UPDATE
Creators: name: Sell, Randall S.
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Sell, Randall S.
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: leafy spurge
subject: weed management
subject: rancher opinion
subject: local decision maker opinion
subject: North Dakota
subject: Montana
subject: noxious weeds

description: A survey of 476 ranchers and 45 local decision makers (LDM) (521 total) was conducted to evaluate managerial, institutional, and social factors that may affect the rate and extent of implementation of various leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) controls. The respondents represented a four-county region in Montana and North Dakota and are compared and contrasted to a group of ranchers and LDM from surrounding counties surveyed in 1998. The questionnaire focused on weed management in general and specifically on the perceptions and attitudes of ranchers and LDM who have been directly and indirectly affected by leafy spurge. Overall, the updated survey results reveal that ranchers and LDM had fewer problems with all noxious weeds, including leafy spurge than those ranchers and LDM surveyed in 1998. These respondents were less likely to use, or had used, the various methods of control than the original survey group. However, the vast majority of respondents were concerned about controlling weeds on rangeland and viewed leafy spurge as a long-term management problem. The LDM were more likely to believe that the weed problem in their area was a major problem and that leafy spurge was the most important weed. More than one-half of all LDM were familiar with the origins of leafy spurge, how it negatively impacts rangeland, and how the most effective biological control agents acted to control leafy spurge. None of the LDM from the 1999 survey thought that biological control was effective in controlling leafy spurge and nearly 80 percent thought that grazing with sheep or goats would pay as a type of leafy spurge control. A comparison of results with the earlier survey of ranchers indicates that financial constraints on weed control are prevalent. Also, the knowledge needed to adopt various treatment programs appears to be lacking. Education and awareness of biological control options would facilitate more adoption of biological agents to control leafy spurge. Likewise, assistance in obtaining equipment and knowledge of sheep/goat management would help in allowing many managers to use sheep and/or goats to curb further leafy spurge expansion.
Radio labelling of two-branch trees
Creators: name: Bantva, Devsi
name: Vaidya, Samir
name: Zhou, Sanming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C78, 05C15

description: A radio labelling of a graph $G$ is a mapping $f : V(G) \rightarrow \{0, 1, 2,\ldots\}$ such that $|f(u)-f(v)| \geq diam(G) + 1 - d(u,v)$ for every pair of distinct vertices $u,v$ of $G$, where $diam(G)$ is the diameter of $G$ and $d(u,v)$ is the distance between $u$ and $v$ in $G$. The radio number $rn(G)$ of $G$ is the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ admits a radio labelling $f$ with $\max\{f(v):v \in V(G)\} = k$. The weight of a tree $T$ from a vertex $v \in V(T)$ is the sum of the distances in $T$ from $v$ to all other vertices, and a vertex of $T$ achieving the minimum weight is called a weight center of $T$. It is known that any tree has one or two weight centers. A tree is called a two-branch tree if the removal of all its weight centers results in a forest with exactly two components. In this paper we obtain a sharp lower bound for the radio number of two-branch trees which improves a known lower bound for general trees. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for this improved lower bound to be achieved. Using these results, we determine the radio number of two families of level-wise regular two-branch trees.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures. This is a final version published in the Applied Mathematics and Computation Journal
Additional file 1 of Quality of life data for individuals affected by spinal muscular atrophy: a baseline dataset from the Cure SMA Community Update Survey
Creators: name: Belter, Lisa
name: Rosángel Cruz
name: Jarecki, Jill
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Aperture effects on Star Formation Rate, Metallicity and Reddening
Creators: name: Kewley, L. J.
name: Jansen, R. A.
name: Geller, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We use 101 galaxies selected from the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey (NFGS) to investigate the effect of aperture size on the star formation rate, metallicity and reddening determinations for galaxies. We compare the star formation rate, metallicity and reddening derived from nuclear spectra to those derived from integrated spectra. For apertures capturing <20% of the B(26) light, the differences between nuclear and global metallicity, extinction and star formation rate are substantial. We calculate an `expected' star formation rate using our nuclear spectra and apply the commonly-used aperture correction method. The expected star formation rate overestimates the global value for early type spirals, with large scatter for all Hubble types, particularly late types. The differences between the expected and global star formation rates probably result from the assumption that the distributions of the emission-line gas and the continuum are identical. We discuss the implications of these results for metallicity-luminosity relations and star formation history studies based on fiber spectra. To reduce systematic and random errors from aperture effects, we recommend selecting samples with fibers that capture >20% of the galaxy light. For the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the 2dFGRS, redshifts z>0.04 and z>0.06 are required, respectively, to ensure a covering fraction >20% for galaxies similar to the average size, type, and luminosity observed in our sample. Higher luminosity samples and samples containing many late-type galaxies require a larger minimum redshift to ensure that >20% of the galaxy light is enclosed by the fiber.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in the PASP
Strong Magneto-Elastic Coupling in Mn$_3$X (X = Ge, Sn)
Creators: name: Theuss, Florian
name: Ghosh, Sayak
name: Chen, Taishi
name: Tchernyshyov, Oleg
name: Nakatsuji, Satoru
name: Ramshaw, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the full elastic tensors of Mn$_3$Ge and Mn$_3$Sn as a function of temperature through their respective antiferromagnetic phase transitions. Large discontinuities in the bulk moduli at the Néel transitions indicate strong magnetoelastic coupling in both compounds. Strikingly, the discontinuities are nearly a factor of 10 larger in Mn$_3$Ge than in Mn$_3$Sn. We use the magnitudes of the discontinuities to calculate the pressure derivatives of the Néel temperature, which are 39 K/GPa 14.3 K/GPa for Mn$_3$Ge and Mn$_3$Sn, respectively. We measured in-plane shear modulus $c_{66}$, which couples strongly to the magnetic order, in magnetic fields up to 18 T and found quantitatively similar behavior in both compounds. Recent measurements have demonstrated strong piezomagnetism in Mn$_3$Sn: our results suggest that Mn$_3$Ge may be an even better candidate for this effect.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Super-solar Metallicity in the NLS1 Galaxy Markarian 1044
Creators: name: Fields, Dale L.
name: Mathur, Smita
name: Pogge, Richard W.
name: Nicastro, Fabrizio
name: Komossa, Stefanie
name: Krongold, Yair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The determination of the bulk metallicity and the abundance mixture of various elements is very difficult in quasars and AGNs because only a few lines are observed and the ionization correction is unknown. Most abundance studies of AGNs assume the N/C ratio scales as metallicity (nitrogen goes as metallicity squared) and so serves as a metallicity indicator. We present an accurate metallicity determination of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 (NLS1) galaxy Markarian 1044, using O VI column density measurements from the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) together with C IV, N V, and H I from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations. In this absorption line study we find that the circumnuclear gas in Mrk 1044 has a metallicity of at least five times solar. This is consistent with the expectation that NLS1s have a high metallicity, similar to that found in high-redshift quasars. More surprisingly, we find that the absorbing material requires a near-solar mixture. In other words, the N/C is consistent with the solar ratio, and does not scale with the metallicity. This suggests that the chemical enrichment scenario for this object, and perhaps for AGNs in general, may be different from the traditional model of galactic metal enrichment, at least in the high-metallicity regime.
description: 14 pages, 3 Tables, 6 Figures, Submitted to ApJ
About the possibility to observe diurnal variations of the count rate of dark photons by the multicathode counters
Creators: name: Kopylov, A. V.
name: Orekhov, I. V.
name: Petukhov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility to observe the diurnal variations in the count rate of dark photons using the multicathode counters is investigated. We show that placing detectors at three different mines at different latitudes: Pyhäsalmi in Finland, Baksan at Russia and INO in India and conducting the measurements with three different orientations of detectors one can obtain quite a complete series of data to determine the direction of the dark photon field. We present the results of the measurements fulfilled by the presently developed counters.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Complete classification of planar p-elasticae
Creators: name: Miura, Tatsuya
name: Yoshizawa, Kensuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49Q10, 53A04, and 33E05

description: Euler's elastica is defined by a critical point of the total squared curvature under the fixed length constraint, and its $L^p$-counterpart is called $p$-elastica. In this paper we completely classify all $p$-elasticae in the plane and obtain their explicit formulae as well as optimal regularity. To this end we introduce new types of $p$-elliptic functions which streamline the whole argument and result. As an application we also classify all closed planar $p$-elasticae.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures
INTEGRAL observations of the Crab pulsar
Creators: name: Mineo, T.
name: Ferrigno, C.
name: Foschini, L.
name: Segreto, A.
name: Cusumano, G.
name: Malaguti, G.
name: Di Cocco, G.
name: Labanti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents the timing and spectral analysis of several observations of the Crab pulsar performed with INTEGRAL in the energy range 3-500 keV. All these observations, when summed together provide a high statistics data set which can be used for accurate phase resolved spectroscopy. A detailed study of the pulsed emission at different phase intervals is performed. The spectral distribution changes with phase showing a characteristic reverse S shape of the photon index. Moreover the spectrum softens with energy, in each phase interval, and this behavior is adequately modeled over the whole energy range 3-500 keV with a single curved law with a slope variable with Log(E), confirming the BeppoSAX results on the curvature of the pulsed emission. The bending parameter of the log-parabolic model is compatible with a single value of 0.14+/-0.02 over all phase intervals. Results are discussed within the three-dimensional outer gap model.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Equivalence-Invariant Algebraic Provenance for Hyperplane Update Queries
Creators: name: Bourhis, Pierre
name: Deutch, Daniel
name: Moskovitch, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The algebraic approach for provenance tracking, originating in the semiring model of Green et. al, has proven useful as an abstract way of handling metadata. Commutative Semirings were shown to be the "correct" algebraic structure for Union of Conjunctive Queries, in the sense that its use allows provenance to be invariant under certain expected query equivalence axioms. In this paper we present the first (to our knowledge) algebraic provenance model, for a fragment of update queries, that is invariant under set equivalence. The fragment that we focus on is that of hyperplane queries, previously studied in multiple lines of work. Our algebraic provenance structure and corresponding provenance-aware semantics are based on the sound and complete axiomatization of Karabeg and Vianu. We demonstrate that our construction can guide the design of concrete provenance model instances for different applications. We further study the efficient generation and storage of provenance for hyperplane update queries. We show that a naive algorithm can lead to an exponentially large provenance expression, but remedy this by presenting a normal form which we show may be efficiently computed alongside query evaluation. We experimentally study the performance of our solution and demonstrate its scalability and usefulness, and in particular the effectiveness of our normal form representation.
A Partial Cayley Transform of Siegel-Jacobi Disk
Creators: name: Yang, Jae-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32-XX

description: Let ${\mathbb H}_g$ and ${\mathbb D}_g$ be the Siegel upper half plane and the generalized unit disk of degree $g$ respectively. Let ${\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ be the Euclidean space of all $h\times g$ complex matrices. We present a partial Cayley transform of the Siegel-Jacobi disk ${\mathbb D}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ onto the Siegel-Jacobi space ${\mathbb H}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ which gives a partial bounded realization of ${\mathbb H}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ by ${\mathbb D}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$. We prove that the natural actions of the Jacobi group on ${\mathbb D}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ and ${\mathbb H}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ are compatible via a partial Cayley transform. A partial Cayley transform plays an important role in computing differential operators on the Siegel-Jacobi disk ${\mathbb D}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ invariant under the natural action of the Jacobi group on ${\mathbb D}_g\times {\mathbb C}^{(h,g)}$ explicitly.
description: 12 pages Added references
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF RAILROAD ABANDONMENT: CARRINGTON-TO-TURTLE LAKE RAIL LINE
Creators: name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Honeyman, Joel S.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Bangsund, Dean A.
name: Honeyman, Joel S.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Public Economics
subject: rail abandonment
subject: economic impact
subject: rural communities

description: The Carrington-to-Turtle Lake rail line serves five agricultural shippers in a four county area in central North Dakota. Service on the line has been affected by recent embargoes, floods, and poor, deteriorating track conditions. The line is a strong candidate for abandonment as efforts to rehabilitate the line have lacked financial support. Prior to this study, a benefit/cost study, which compares benefits and costs of a rail line reconstruction, was performed for the rail line in an attempt to secure financial assistance for rehabilitation. Railroad abandonment impacts rural communities and local economies in a variety of ways. Businesses that use rail for transportation usually experience a change in their shipping options. Instead of sending and/or receiving materials and supplies by rail, those items must be moved by truck. The severity of the change is often a function of the amount of material shipped and distance hauled. Rail abandonment affects property values. In the absence of tax rate changes, reduced property values translate directly into lower property tax revenues for local governments. Rural areas, especially in North Dakota, often do not have adequate road and highway infrastructure to absorb movements of grain and agricultural inputs exclusively by truck. The transference of rail movements to truck traffic accelerates the deterioration of local roads and highways. Abandonment of the Carrington-to-Turtle Lake rail line was estimated to increase transportation costs for shippers on the line by $329,000 annually. A majority of the increase in transportation costs would be incurred by farmers in the form of reduced commodity prices. The North Dakota Input-Output Model estimated that the $329,000 in direct impacts would generate an additional $682,000 in secondary impacts. Total economic losses for the regional economy were estimated to be $1 million annually. Additional impacts included an annual loss of $17,900 in state-collected tax revenue. Annual net costs (i.e., damages less additional user revenues) to repair and maintain state roads impacted from increased truck traffic were estimated at $297,000 for resurfacing and $868,000 for reconstruction.
Teleportation of the States of Motion of Atoms by Interaction with Two-Slit Screens and Cavities
Creators: name: Guerra, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme of teleportation of the state of motion of atoms making use of screens with slits and cavities. The fascinating aspects of quantum mechanics are highlighted making use of entanglement and the interaciton of atoms with slits.
description: 7 pages and 1 figure
Modifying the Asynchronous Jacobi Method for Data Corruption Resilience
Creators: name: Vogl, Christopher J.
name: Atkins, Zachary
name: Fox, Alyson
name: Miedlar, Agnieszka
name: Ponce, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Moving scientific computation from high-performance computing (HPC) and cloud computing (CC) environments to devices on the edge, i.e., physically near instruments of interest, has received tremendous interest in recent years. Such edge computing environments can operate on data in-situ, offering enticing benefits over data aggregation to HPC and CC facilities that include avoiding costs of transmission, increased data privacy, and real-time data analysis. Because of the inherent unreliability of edge computing environments, new fault tolerant approaches must be developed before the benefits of edge computing can be realized. Motivated by algorithm-based fault tolerance, a variant of the asynchronous Jacobi (ASJ) method is developed that achieves resilience to data corruption by rejecting solution approximations from neighbor devices according to a bound derived from convergence theory. Numerical results on a two-dimensional Poisson problem show the new rejection criterion, along with a novel approximation to the shortest path length on which the criterion depends, restores convergence for the ASJ variant in the presence of certain types data corruption. Numerical results are obtained for when the singular values in the analytic bound are approximated. A linear system with a more dense sparsity pattern is also explored. All results indicate that successful resilience to data corruption depends on whether the bound tightens fast enough to reject corrupted data before the iteration evolution deviates significantly from that predicted by the convergence theory defining the bound. This observation generalizes to future work on algorithm-based fault tolerance for other asynchronous algorithms, including upcoming approaches that leverage Krylov subspaces.
description: Submitted to SIAM SISC September 29, 2023 Revision submitted to SIAM SISC April 7, 2024
Stanene: A Good Platform for Topological Insulator and Topological Superconductor
Creators: name: Zhao, Chenxiao
name: Jia, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two dimensional (2D) topological insulators (TIs) and topological superconductors (TSCs) have been intensively studied for recent years due to its great potential for dissipationless electron transportation and fault-tolerant quantum computing, respectively. Here we focus on stanene, the tin analogue of graphene, to give a brief review of its development as a candidate for both 2D TI and TSC. Stanene is proposed to be a TI with a large gap of 0.3 eV, and its topological properties are sensitive to various factors, e.g., the lattice constants, chemical functionalization and layer thickness, which offer various methods for phase tunning. Experimentally, the inverted gap and edge states are observed recently, which are strong evidence for TI. In addition, stanene is also predicted to be a time reversal invariant TSC by breaking inversion symmetry, supporting helical Majorana edge modes. The layer-dependent superconductivity of stanene is recently confirmed by both transport and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements. This review gives a detailed introduction to stanene and its topological properties and some prospects are also discussed.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures
The origin of intergalactic metals around Lyman-break galaxies
Creators: name: Porciani, Cristiano
name: Madau, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical and observational arguments suggest that the intergalactic medium (IGM) might have been polluted with metals produced by early star formation. In this scenario, Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at redshift z=3 are likely to be surrounded by old metal bubbles, relics of an era when the characteristic mass of galaxies was small and gas retainment more difficult. We find that pregalactic enrichment of the IGM from 10^8-10^{10} M_sun dwarf galaxies at 6
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, ApJL in press
Current-controlled magnetization dynamics in the spin-flip transistor
Creators: name: Wang, Xuhui
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
name: Ono, Teruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current driven magnetization dynamics of a thin-film, three magnetic terminal device (spin-flip transistor) is investigated theoretically. We consider a magnetization configuration in which all magnetizations are in the device plane, with source-drain magnetizations chosen fixed and antiparallel, whereas the third contact magnetization is allowed to move in a weak anisotropy field that guarantees thermal stability of the equilibrium structure at room temperature. We analyze the magnetization dynamics of the free layer under a dc source-drain bias current within the macrospin model and magneto-electronic circuit theory. A new tunable two-state behavior of the magnetization is found and the advantages of this phenomenon and potential applications are discussed.
description: Accepted by JJAP special issue on Magnetization Dynamics in Spintronic Structures and Devices