cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Summertime transport pathways from different northern hemisphere regions into the Arctic
Creators: Zheng, Cheng
Wu, Yutian
Ting, Mingfang
Orbe, Clara
Wang, Xinyue
Tilmes, Simone
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Atmosphere
Aerosols

description: Trace gases and aerosols play an important role in Arctic chemistry and climate. As most Arctic tracers and aerosols are transported from midlatitude source regions, long-range transport into the Arctic is one of the key factors to understand the current and future states of Arctic climate. While previous studies have investigated the airmass fraction and transit time distribution in the Arctic, the actual transport pathways and their underlying dynamics and efficiencies are yet to be understood. In this study, we implement a large ensemble of idealized tagged pulse passive tracers in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 5 to identify and analyze summertime transport pathways from different Northern Hemisphere surface regions into the Arctic. Three different transport pathways are identified as those associated with fast, intermediate and slow time scales. Midlatitude tracers can be transported into the Arctic in the troposphere via the fast transport pathway (∼8 days), which moves tracers northward from the source region mainly through transient eddies. For the intermediate transport pathway, which happens on 1–3 weeks’ time scales, midlatitude tracers are first zonally transported by the jet stream, and then advected northward into the Arctic over Alaska and northern North Atlantic. Tropical and subtropical tracers are transported into the Arctic lower stratosphere via the slow transport pathway (1–3 months), as the tracers are lifted upward into the tropical and subtropical lower stratosphere, and then transported into the Arctic following the isentropic surfaces.
Adam Bede, Realism, the Past, and Readers in 1859
Creators: name: Marshall, Gail
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

This article gives an account of the immediate publication context of George Eliot’s first novel, Adam Bede, in terms of competing opportunities for leisure, anxieties about the reading of fiction, the publishing industry, and the social and political context of February 1859. It examines the way in which the novel engages with its first readers, specifically through its treatment of the experience of reading fiction, and the ways in which Adam Bede differs from readers’ previous experiences. The article argues that the novel’s impact is determined by its engagement with the past of its setting, and by the ways it which it encourages a historically-nuanced appreciation in its readers, and that these factors are integral to Eliot’s articulating a new form of realist fiction.

description: English Literature
The Geological Record of Ocean Acidification
Creators: Hoenisch, Baerbel
Ridgwell, Andy
Schmidt, Daniela N.
Thomas, Ellen
Gibbs, Samantha J.
Sluijs, Appy
Zeebe, Richard
Martindale, Rowan C.
Kump, Lee
Greene, Sarah E.
Kiessling, Wolfgang
Ries, Justin
Zachos, James C.
Royer, Dana L.
Barker, Stephen
Marchitto, Thomas M.
Moyer, Ryan
Pelejero, Carles
Ziveri, Patrizia
Foster, Gavin L.
Williams, Branwen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Marine ecology
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ocean acidification

description: Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO2, global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry—a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO2 release currently taking place.
Sources of Slow Growth in African Economies
Creators: Sachs, Jeffrey D.
Warner, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper offers some econometric evidence on the sources of slow growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The evidence suggests that the continent's slow growth can be explained in an international cross-country framework, without the need to invoke a special explanation unique to Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that poor economic policies have played an especially important role in the slow growth, most importantly Africa's lack of openness to international markets. In addition, geographical factors such as lack of access to the sea and tropical climate have also contributed to Africa's slow growth.
Flavonoid profile, antioxidant and antiglycation properties of Retama sphaerocarpa fruits extracts
Creators: name: S. Boussahel
name: F. Cacciola
name: S. Dahamna
name: L. Mondello
name: A. Saija
name: F. Cimino
name: A. Speciale
name: M. Cristani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Retama sphaerocarpa occurs in the Mediterranean area of North-east Africa and in the Iberian Peninsula, and grows on a variety of soil types and climatic conditions. Used in Algerian folk medicine, it is a valuable species for revegetation and soil restoration. The aim of this study is to evaluate flavonoid composition and antioxidant and antiglycation properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts from R. sphaerocarpa fruits. HPLC-PDA/ESI-MS was used to identify/quantify flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by Folin–Ciocalteu, ORAC, FRAP, TEAC, and DPPH assays, and antiglycation capability by glucose/fructose-BSA assay. Results showed that fruits contain isoflavones (daidzein and genistein derivatives) and flavonols (apigenin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin derivatives), and extracts (especially the methanolic one, richer in flavonoids) possess good in vitro antioxidant and antiglycation properties. These findings evidence that R. sphaerocarpa fruits are a source of valuable phytochemicals, with potential applications in the field of phytopharmaceuticals and in food industry.
The Disappearing Act: Heritage Making in Charlotte Riddell’s Novels
Creators: name: Colella, Silvana
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

This article examines the strategies of heritage making in Riddell’s City novels, popular in the nineteenth century, but little known today. Drawing on late Victorian debates about the preservation of the past and its material remains, the article focuses on the relationship between fictional and non-fictional elements, in Riddell’s urban realism, which frequently pivots on heritage concerns. The main argument is twofold: 1) heritage discourse provides an apt frame for the self-validation of the author’s daring narrative choices; 2) Riddell’s understanding of heritage changes as her vision of capitalism darkens, culminating in a vocal denunciation of the destructive forces at work in the very idea of progress. Her novels generate heritage value in the very gesture of recording the many disappearing acts mournfully witnessed by the narrator.

description: English Literature
Portable-Real-Time-ECG-Monitor-and-Disease-Diagnostics.pdf
Creators: name: Mahmudul Hasan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90302 Biomechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Rapid diagnosis of heart disease has become a staple
of Cardiology. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is an effective
diagnostic tool which provides significant signals to detect heart abnormalities. In this context, this paper presents a novel and economical approach to the quick approximation of hearts overall condition of a person. Using low cost ECG sensors, the real time ECG signals have been generated via 3 leads, stored and displayed on an android app developed by ourselves and some techniques have been applied to diagnose common abnormalities. The proposed system is convenient and consists of uncomplicated circuitry compared to analogous recent electrocardiogram monitoring technologies. It offers an affordable and easily accessible
way to diagnose heart disease and tackle preventable mishaps by early diagnosis.
Impact of biological activated carbon pre-treatment on the hydrophilic fraction of effluent organic matter for mitigating fouling in microfiltration
Creators: name: Biplob Kumar Pramanik
name: Roddick, Felicity A.
name: Linhua Fan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The hydrophilic (HPI) fraction of effluent organic matter, which has protein and carbohydrate contents, has a high propensity to foul low-pressure membranes. Biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration was examined as a pre-treatment for reducing the fouling of a microfiltration (MF) membrane (0.1 µm PVDF) by the HPI organic fraction extracted from a biologically treated secondary effluent (BTSE). Although the BAC removed less dissolved organic carbon, carbohydrate and protein from the HPI fraction than the granular activated carbon treatment which was used for comparison, it led to better improvement in permeate flux. This was shown to be due to the removal/breakdown of the HPI fraction resulting in less deposition of these organics on the membrane, many components of which are high molecular weight biopolymers (such as protein and carbohydrate molecules) through biodegradation and adsorption of those molecules on the biofilm and activated carbon. This study established the potential of BAC pre-treatment for reducing the HPI fouling of the membrane and thus improving the performance for the MF of BTSE for water reclamation.
George Gissing: A Story of English Realism
Creators: name: Hutcheon, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

George Gissing’s novels sit on the permeable boundary between the diegetic tendencies of 19th-century realism and the mimesis-dominated narratives of modernism. In his early novels, characters deliver barely disguised narratorial comments directly to the reader. But this form of realism is already strained. The self-awareness of Gissing’s art, manifesting in satire and irony, butts up against his research-led approach to writing. This article shows that what emerges in Gissing is a conflict between narrative intrusion, and the desire to displace authority and represent subjectivity at its broadest. This conflict is a synecdoche for proto-modernism.

description: English Literature
Tableaux and Melodramatic Realism
Creators: name: Williams, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

If in many ways its aims are comparable to those of novelistic realism (a focus on ordinary characters and contemporary social issues), melodrama exhibits a form of realism all its own. This essay focuses on several elements of that form, especially on the workings of the tableau. At the moment of tableau, acting bodies suddenly freeze to make a silent and still stage picture whose significance can be interpreted. Though the critical history of the tableau is tightly related to genre painting, its formal operations within melodrama are more complex than the aim to offer verisimilitude in the depiction of ordinary life. Tableaux establish the melodramatic narrative form characterised by intermittent pictorialization. They interrupt the dramatic action, summing up the plot so far and adumbrating action to come; they form ‘points’ on which the suspense of dramatic unfolding might hang; and these sudden moments of silence and stasis carry affective and intellectual points as well. Using exemplary readings of melodramas across the English 19th century, this essay demonstrates the formal potentialities of the tableau, including the metatheatrical self-consciousness of its role in constructing melodramatic realism.

description: English Literature
Additional file 1 of Bulk segregant analysis coupled with transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed key regulators of bacterial leaf blight resistance in rice
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaozhi
name: Zhu, Manshan
name: Liu, Wuge
name: Li, Jinhua
name: Liao, Yilong
name: Liu, Dilin
name: Jin, Mengya
name: Fu, Chongyun
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Mapping and Classifying Settlement Locations
Creators: Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Flowminder Foundation
United Nations Population Fund
WorldPop, University of Southampton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Geospatial data
Human settlements
Sustainable development
Economic development

description: This is an update to the earlier version of a paper with the same title, “Mapping and Classifying Settlement Locations”. This version paper has the following corrections: - Updated Table of Contents on page 2 - Removed map under Polio immunisation microplan for Dundubus Ward in Jigawa State, Nigeria on page 19. It is a measles fixed post cluster map created by Novel-T. - Updated logos and About the Partners section on page 25 The paper discusses GRID3’s work on collecting and analyzing settlements data. GRID3’s settlements work has two areas of focus: creating a comprehensive settlement layer that enables a real-world picture of communities, and using building footprints, geospatial data layers, and machine learning algorithms to classify structures and local areas within settlements. The paper also discusses the applications of GRID3’s methods in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia. GRID3 works with countries to generate, validate and use geospatial data on population, settlements, infrastructure, and subnational boundaries. For more information, see https://grid3.org/. Keywords: area-level classification; building footprints; comprehensive settlement layer; extent; intra-settlement categorisation; machine learning; polygon layer; point layer; settlement; settlement data; settlement layer; settlement mapping; settlement point; ; GRID3; database schema; geospatial data; neighbourhood classification; open-source; health zones; participatory cartography; GIS; vaccination; immunisation; census; micro-plans; CIESIN; UNFPA; Flowminder; WorldPop; probability model; areal; built-up areas; small settlements; hamlets; hamlet areas; polio; Africa
Salvaging Patriarchy in the 2018 Film Adaptation of Tomb Raider
Creators: name: Nae, Andrei
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

This article focuses on the recent film adaptation of the 2013 Tomb Raider video game. My main goal is to show that, despite the significant changes that the plot undergoes when transitioning from video game to feature film, the adaptation remains faithful to the conservative gender politics of its ludic source text, in the sense that in both the game and the film Lara must struggle to maintain patriarchal order. While in the game the female protagonist has to fulfil her late father’s unfinished archaeological (in fact colonial) project and redeem his name, in the film she has to compensate for her father’s masculinity crisis. The resolution of the plot coincides with a resolution of the crisis of masculinity, which reinstates the gender power relations privileging masculinity. Furthermore, this article shows that Lara’s struggle to re-establish patriarchy in the film’s storyworld coerces her to adopt a colonial attitude with respect to otherness. By performing phallic masculinity, Lara Croft acts as an agent of colonialism whose intervention in foreign territories and cultures is rendered by the film providential for the emancipation of the native populations.

description: English Literature
Onkaparinga Catchment Climate Change Modelling
Creators: name: Thyer, Mark
name: Westra, Seth
name: Leonard, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of Adelaide
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 40608 Surfacewater Hydrology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Dataset comprises modelling outputs for the Goyder Climate Change investigation into streamflow in the Onkaparinga catchment. The dataset includes the following: - Catchment average rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and streamflow. - Daily rainfall and PET timeseries at each of the 22 SILO sites (15 GCMs for the historical, rcp 4.5 and rcp 8.5 time series = 45 zipped files. Each zipped file contains 2200 files, comprising 100 simulations for each of the 22 sites) - Daily catchment-average rainfall and PET timeseries (3 catchments, 15 GCMs, for the historical, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5 time series = 135 files) - Daily modelled streamflow timeseries (3 catchments, 15 GCMs, 4 hydrological models, for the historical, rcp4.5 and rcp8.5 time series = 540 files)
Convergence and the Beast: A Canonical Crossover Affair
Creators: name: Flegar, Željka
Publisher: name: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2019

description:

In the digital age it has become almost impossible to view children’s texts outside the context of the new media. This study will focus on three works of children’s fiction, The Tale of Peter Rabbit by Beatrix Potter, Where the Wild Things Are by Maurice Sendak, and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them by Newt Scamander/J.K. Rowling; and their respective adaptations, Peter Rabbit, Where the Wild Things Are, and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. The article draws on contemporary theories of adaptation and the media, particularly the theory of ‘convergence’ and its impact on meaning-making in the production and reception of literary texts. It will take into account the cross-media and transmedia approach to analysing children’s texts, as well as the crossover effect of adapting children’s books into films. Particular attention is paid to the adaptation of still into moving imagery and its shifts in focalisation, providing evidence that the new media have made children’s books accessible to a variety of audiences. Such examples display the contemporary complexity of children’s storytelling and culture within and beyond the canon. Owing to the developments in digital media and technologies, which enable the realistic depiction of complex visual and fantastic elements that are characteristic of children’s texts, in the new millennium children’s literature has indeed become ‘everyone’s business’.

description: English Literature
Introduction to Peaceland: Conflict Resolution and the Everyday Politics of International Intervention
Creators: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Intervention (International law)
subject: Conflict management--International cooperation
subject: Peace--International cooperation
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Peace
subject: International relations

description: Peaceland suggests a new explanation for why international peace interventions often fail to reach their full potential. Based on several years of ethnographic research in conflict zones around the world, it demonstrates that everyday elements – such as the expatriates’ social habits and usual approaches to understanding their areas of operation – strongly influence peacebuilding effectiveness. Individuals from all over the world and all walks of life share numerous practices, habits, and narratives when they serve as interveners in conflict zones. These common attitudes and actions enable foreign peacebuilders to function in the field, but they also result in unintended consequences that thwart international efforts. Certain expatriates follow alternative modes of thinking and doing, often with notable results, but they remain in the minority. Through an in-depth analysis of the interveners’ everyday life and work, this book proposes innovative ways to better help host populations build a sustainable peace.
Introduction to The Trouble With the Congo: Local Violence and the Failure of International Peacebuilding
Creators: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Conflict management--International cooperation
subject: Peace-building
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Peace
subject: International relations

description: The Trouble with the Congo suggests a new explanation for international peacebuilding failures in civil wars. Drawing from more than 330 interviews and a year and a half of field research, it develops a case study of the international intervention during the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s unsuccessful transition from war to peace and democracy (2003–2006). Grassroots rivalries over land, resources, and political power motivated widespread violence. However, a dominant peacebuilding culture shaped the intervention strategy in a way that precluded action on local conflicts, ultimately dooming the international efforts to end the deadliest conflict since World War II. Most international actors interpreted continued fighting as the consequence of national and regional tensions alone, and diplomats and United Nations staff viewed intervention at the macro levels as their only legitimate responsibility. The dominant culture constructed local peacebuilding as such an unimportant, unfamiliar, and unmanageable task that neither shocking events nor resistance from certain individuals could convince international actors to reevaluate their understanding of violence and intervention. Through this in-depth analysis, The Trouble with the Congo proposes innovative ways to address civil wars in Africa and beyond.
Belted driver fatalities: Time of death and risk by injury severity
Creators: name: Viano, David C.
name: Parenteau, Chantal S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Purpose: This is a descriptive study of the fatality risk by injury severity and time of death for lap–shoulder-belted drivers without ejection in modern vehicles. It also determined the body region for severe injuries experienced by belted drivers using the most recent federal crash data. Methods: 1997–2015 NASS-CDS data were evaluated for fatally injured lap–shoulder-belted drivers without ejection in light vehicles of 1997+ model year (MY). The severity of injuries sustained by belted drivers was assessed by the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS) and individual injuries by Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and body region. The change in fatality risk with MAIS was fit with a Logist function. Time of death was determined using the variable DEATH, which is reported hourly in unequal intervals up to 24 h and then daily up to 30 days after the crash. The fraction (f) and cumulative fraction (F) of the deaths are reported for each time period up to 30 days. A power or logarithmic curve was fit to the data using the trendline functions in Excel. Results: The NASS-CDS sample included 20,610,000 belted drivers with 37,974 fatalities from 1997 to 2015. The fraction of driver deaths increased with maximum injury severity (MAIS). For example, 17.4% of drivers died within 30 days with MAIS 4 injury. Virtually all drivers (99.7%) died with MAIS 6 injury. The change in fatality risk with injury severity was r = [1 + exp(10.159 − 2.088MAIS)]−1, R2 = 0.950. Overall, there were 19,772 driver deaths with MAIS 4–6 injury and 13,059 with MAIS 0–3 injury. In addition, 44.7% of driver deaths occurred within 1.5 h of the crash, 56.7% within 2.5 h, and 64.6% within 4.5 h after the crash. The cumulative fraction of the deaths (F) up to 30 days was fit with a logarithmic function. It was F = 0.0739ln(t) + 0.5302, R2 = 0.976, for deaths after 3.5 h. There were 19,772 driver deaths with 52,130 AIS 4+ injuries. On average, the driver experienced 2.64 AIS 4+ injuries most commonly to the head (44.5%) and thorax (38.1%). Conclusions: The risk for belted driver deaths exponentially increased with MAIS. A majority of deaths occurred within 2.5 h of the crash. On average, fatally injured drivers experienced 2.64 AIS 4+ injuries, primarily to the head and thorax.
Estimating the Spot Covariation of Asset Prices—Statistical Theory and Empirical Evidence
Creators: name: Bibinger, Markus
name: Hautsch, Nikolaus
name: Malec, Peter
name: Reiss, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: We propose a new estimator for the spot covariance matrix of a multi-dimensional continuous semimartingale log asset price process, which is subject to noise and nonsynchronous observations. The estimator is constructed based on a local average of block-wise parametric spectral covariance estimates. The latter originate from a local method of moments (LMM), which recently has been introduced by Bibinger et al.. We prove consistency and a point-wise stable central limit theorem for the proposed spot covariance estimator in a very general setup with stochastic volatility, leverage effects, and general noise distributions. Moreover, we extend the LMM estimator to be robust against autocorrelated noise and propose a method to adaptively infer the autocorrelations from the data. Based on simulations we provide empirical guidance on the effective implementation of the estimator and apply it to high-frequency data of a cross-section of Nasdaq blue chip stocks. Employing the estimator to estimate spot covariances, correlations, and volatilities in normal but also unusual periods yields novel insights into intraday covariance and correlation dynamics. We show that intraday (co-)variations (i) follow underlying periodicity patterns, (ii) reveal substantial intraday variability associated with (co-)variation risk, and (iii) can increase strongly and nearly instantaneously if new information arrives. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Macroeconomic Uncertainty Through the Lens of Professional Forecasters
Creators: name: Soojin Jo
name: Sekkel, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We analyze the evolution of macroeconomic uncertainty in the United States, based on the forecast errors of consensus survey forecasts of various economic indicators. Comprehensive information contained in the survey forecasts enables us to capture a real-time measure of uncertainty surrounding subjective forecasts in a simple framework. We jointly model and estimate macroeconomic (common) and indicator-specific uncertainties of four indicators, using a factor stochastic volatility model. Our macroeconomic uncertainty estimates have three major spikes has three major spikes aligned with the 1973–1975, 1980, and 2007–2009 recessions, while other recessions were characterized by increases in indicator-specific uncertainties. We also show that the selection of data vintages affects the estimates and relative size of jumps in estimated uncertainty series. Finally, our macroeconomic uncertainty has a persistent negative impact on real economic activity, rather than producing “wait-and-see” dynamics.
Paternalism and Peacebuilding: Capacity, Knowledge, and Resistance in International Interventions
Creators: Autesserre, Severine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Peace-building
subject: Paternalism
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Peace--International cooperation
subject: Peacekeeping forces

description: Based on several years of fieldwork in conflict zones around the world, this book chapter studies how paternalism manifests itself in international peacebuilding on the ground. Two main elements are at the root of the paternalistic attitudes that recur in international peacebuilding: first, the idea that local populations need help because they lack capacity and expertise, and second, the belief that international actors have the capacity and the knowledge required to provide this help. The politics of knowledge at work in international peacebuilding lies at the source of these two recurrent narratives, and it legitimizes international interference. On the ground, the most important consequences of the resulting paternalistic attitudes are that host populations regularly resist, challenge, or reject the international programs that are meant to help them. Rare exceptions to the dominant paternalistic practices evidence the benefits inherent to alternative approaches. However, three main obstacles – the role of accountability structures, the dilemma that international interveners face, and the detrimental byproducts of the politics of knowledge at work in the peacebuilding field – make it particularly difficult to change and end these widespread practices.
Modeling Endogenous Mobility in Earnings Determination
Creators: name: Abowd, John M.
name: McKinney, Kevin L.
name: Schmutte, Ian M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy

description: We evaluate the bias from endogenous job mobility in fixed-effects estimates of worker- and firm-specific earnings heterogeneity using longitudinally linked employer–employee data from the LEHD infrastructure file system of the U.S. Census Bureau. First, we propose two new residual diagnostic tests of the assumption that mobility is exogenous to unmodeled determinants of earnings. Both tests reject exogenous mobility. We relax exogenous mobility by modeling the matched data as an evolving bipartite graph using a Bayesian latent-type framework. Our results suggest that allowing endogenous mobility increases the variation in earnings explained by individual heterogeneity and reduces the proportion due to employer and match effects. To assess external validity, we match our estimates of the wage components to out-of-sample estimates of revenue per worker. The mobility-bias-corrected estimates attribute much more of the variation in revenue per worker to variation in match quality and worker quality than the uncorrected estimates. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
A tribute to Ložek (1965): The problem of loess formation and the loess molluscs
Creators: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Loess
Loess--Environmental aspects
Mollusks
Paleoclimatology

description: When addressing the nature and origin of loess deposits and the associated environment as deduced from terrestrial mollusc faunas, Vojen Ložek produced a synthetic review of the state of the art at that time (Ložek, 1965a). This synthesis was one among several papers that he published the same year in English about “The loess environment in Central Europe” (Ložek, 1965c) or “Problems of analysis of the Quaternary nonmarine molluscan fauna in Europe” (Ložek, 1965b). It was mainly based on his own experience of investigating terrestrial molluscs in Czechoslovakian Quaternary deposits.
ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCY OF FARMS SPECIALIZING IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
Creators: name: Shamsiyeva, Feruza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article examines the issue of how economic activity is organized, as well as identifies the elements that serve as the basis for supporting its activities in the economy, indicators that assess the production efficiency of a farm specializing in fruit and vegetable production in Uzbekistan, which occupies an important place in the structure of the country's economy.
Investigating factors influencing pedestrian injury severity at intersections
Creators: name: Zhuanglin Ma
name: Lu, Xi
name: Chien, Steven I-Jy
name: Dawei Hu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Vehicle crashes that involve pedestrians at intersections have been reported occasionally. Pedestrian injury severity in these crashes is significantly related to driver and pedestrian attributes, vehicle characteristics, and the geometry of intersections. Identifying factors associated with pedestrian injury severity (PIS) is critical for reducing crashes and improving safety. For developing the proposed probit models, drivers involved in crashes are classified into 3 groups: young drivers (16 ≤ age ≤ 24), middle-aged drivers (25 ≤ age ≤ 64), and older drivers (age ≥ 65). This study determines that PIS is significantly but differently affected by these grouped drivers with different sets of explanatory variables. Methods: A total of 2,614 crash records (2011–2012) at intersections in Cook County, Illinois, were collected. An ordered probit modeling approach was employed to develop the proposed model and examine factors influencing PIS. The likelihood ratio test was used to assess model performance. Elasticity analysis was conducted to interpret the marginal effect of contributing factors on PIS associated with different driver groups by age. Results: The results show that 4 independent variables, including pedestrian age, vehicle type, point of first contact, and weather condition, significantly affect PIS at intersections for all drivers. Two additional independent variables (i.e., number of vehicles and traffic type) affect PIS for young and middle-aged drivers, and 2 other variables (i.e., divided type and hit-and-run related) are significant to PIS for both young and older drivers. Conclusions: The independent variables significant to PIS at intersections for young, middle-aged, and older driver groups were identified and the marginal effect of each variable to the likelihood of PIS were assessed.
Additional file 1 of The effect of haloperidol’s perioperative application on postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Meinv
name: Su, Jie
name: Wang, Bei
name: Yu, Dongdong
name: Li, Jianli
name: Cao, Xinyu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1: PRISMA checklist
Belted Driver Fatalities: Time of Death and Risk by Injury Severity
Creators: name: Viano, David C
name: Parenteau, Chantal S
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Purpose: This study is a descriptive study of the fatality risk by injury severity and time of death for lap-shoulder belted drivers without ejection in modern vehicles. It also determined the body region for severe injuries experienced by the belted drivers using the most recent federal crash data. Methods: 1997–2015 NASS-CDS data was evaluated for fatally-injured lap-shoulder belted drivers without ejection in light vehicles of 1997+ model year (MY). The severity of injuries sustained by the belted drivers was assessed by MAIS and individual injuries by AIS and body region. The change in fatality risk with MAIS was fit with a Logist function. Time of death was determined using the variable DEATH, which is reported hourly in unequal intervals up to 24 hours and then daily up to 30 days after the crash. The fraction (f) and cumulative fraction (F) of the deaths is reported for each time period up to 30 days. A power or logarithmic curve was fit to the data using the trendline functions in Excel. Results: The NASS-CDS sample included 20,610,000 belted drivers with 37,974 fatalities from 1997–2015. The fraction of driver deaths increased with maximum injury severity (MAIS). For example, 17.4% of drivers died within 30 days with MAIS 4 injury. Virtually all drivers (99.7%) died with MAIS 6 injury. The change in fatality risk with injury severity was r = [1 + exp(10.159 – 2.088MAIS)]−1, R2 = 0.950. Overall, there were 19,772 driver deaths with MAIS 4–6 injury and 13,059 with MAIS 0–3 injury. 44.7% of the driver deaths occurred within 1.5 hours of the crash, 56.7% within 2.5 hours and 64.6% within 4.5 hours after the crash. The cumulative fraction of the deaths (F) up to 30 days was fit with a logarithmic function. It was F = 0.0739ln(t)+0.5302, R2 = 0.976 for deaths after 3.5 hr. There were 19,772 driver deaths with 52,130 AIS 4+ injuries. On average, the driver experienced 2.64 AIS 4+ injuries most commonly to the head (44.5%) and thorax (38.1%). Conclusions: The risk for belted driver deaths exponentially increased with MAIS. A majority of deaths occurred within 2.5 hours of the crash. On average, fatally injured drivers experienced 2.64 AIS 4+ injuries, primarily to the head and thorax.
Anthropological Data Analysis Syllabus
Creators: name: Martin, Melanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Introductory seminar course covering the use of scientific method, experimental design, and descriptive and quantitative statistics in anthropology. Taught at the University of California Santa Barbara Summer and Fall of 2015.
Additional file 1 of Diacron reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential tests for patients with age-related macular degeneration
Creators: name: Matsuura, Toshiyuki
name: Kaneko, Hiroki
name: Takayama, Kei
name: Shibata, Rei
name: Kataoka, Keiko
name: Seina Ito
name: Tsunekawa, Taichi
name: Shimizu, Hideyuki
name: Suzumura, Ayana
name: Namba, Rina
name: Ito, Yasuki
name: Murohara, Toyoaki
name: Terasaki, Hiroko
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Raw data of patient/subject characteristics in this study. d-ROM = diacron reactive oxygen metabolite. BAP = biological antioxidant potential. CNV = choroidal neovascularization. logMAR = logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. BCVA = best corrected visual acuity.
Investigating Factors Influencing Pedestrian Injury Severity at Intersections
Creators: name: Zhuanglin Ma
name: Lu, Xi
name: Chien, Steven I-Jy
name: Dawei Hu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Vehicle crashes which involved pedestrian at intersections have been reported occasionally. The injury severity of pedestrians in these crashes seems significantly related to driver and pedestrian attributes, vehicle characteristics, and the geometry of intersections. Identifying factors associated with pedestrian injury severity (PIS) is critical for reducing crashes and improving safety. For developing the proposed probit models, drivers who involved crashes are classified into three groups: young drivers (16 ≤ age ≤ 24); middle-aged drivers (25 ≤ age ≤ 64); older drivers (age ≥ 65). This study explores that PIS is significantly but differently affected by these grouped drivers with different sets of explanatory variables. Methods: A total of 2,614 crash records (2011∼2012) at intersections in Cook County, Illinois of the US were collected. An ordered probit modeling approach was employed to develop the proposed model and examine factors influencing PIS. The likelihood ratio test was used to assess the model performance. Elasticity analysis was conducted to interpret the marginal effect of contributing factors on PIS associated with different drivers’ groups by age. Results: The results show that four independent variables, including Pedestrian Age, Vehicle Type, Point of First Contact, and Weather Condition, significantly affect PIS at intersections for all drivers. Two additional independent variables (i.e. Number of Vehicles and Traffic Type) affect PIS for young and middle-aged drivers, while two other variables (i.e. Divided Type and Hit-and-run Related) are significant to PIS for both young and older drivers. Conclusions: The independent variables significant to PIS at intersections for young, middle-aged, and older driver groups were identified; while the marginal effect of each variable to the likelihood of PIS were assessed.
'An Ill Wind that Blows No Girl Any Good': The Impacts of Climate-Induced Disease on Gender Inequality
Creators: Archibong, Belinda
Annan, Francis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Climatic changes--Health aspects
Epidemics
Equality--Health aspects
Women--Education
Sex differences in education
Marriage age--Economic aspects

description: Disease epidemics with climate links can worsen social inequality by increasing gender gaps in educational attainment through raising the direct and opportunity costs of investing in girls, particularly in poorer countries in the tropics. We investigate this hypothesis by examining the effects of sudden exposure to the 1986 meningitis epidemic in Niger on the gender gap in education. We document a significant reduction in years of education for school-aged girls relative to boys following the epidemic. We explore several channels underlying the results and find evidence highlighting income effects of epidemics on households and increased early marriage of girls.
Estimating the Spot Covariation of Asset Prices – Statistical Theory and Empirical Evidence*
Creators: name: Bibinger, Markus
name: Hautsch, Nikolaus
name: Malec, Peter
name: Reiss, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: We propose a new estimator for the spot covariance matrix of a multi-dimensional continuous semi-martingale log asset price process which is subject to noise and non-synchronous observations. The estimator is constructed based on a local average of block-wise parametric spectral covariance estimates. The latter originate from a local method of moments (LMM) which recently has been introduced by Bibinger et al. (2014). We prove consistency and a point-wise stable central limit theorem for the proposed spot covariance estimator in a very general setup with stochastic volatility, leverage effects and general noise distributions. Moreover, we extend the LMM estimator to be robust against autocorrelated noise and propose a method to adaptively infer the autocorrelations from the data. Based on simulations we provide empirical guidance on the effective implementation of the estimator and apply it to high-frequency data of a cross-section of Nasdaq blue chip stocks. Employing the estimator to estimate spot covariances, correlations and volatilities in normal but also unusual periods yields novel insights into intraday covariance and correlation dynamics. We show that intraday (co-)variations (i) follow underlying periodicity patterns, (ii) reveal substantial intraday variability associated with (co-)variation risk, and (iii) can increase strongly and nearly instantaneously if new information arrives.
'Circuits of Victory': How the First World War Shaped the Political Economy of the Telephone in the United States and France
Creators: John, Richard R.
Laborie, Léonard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Telecommunication systems
Telecommunication systems--Standards
Telephone systems
World War (1914-1918)

description: This essay contends that the US Signal Corps’ wartime network had major consequences for the postwar development of the political economy of the telephone in the United States, France, and Europe. Our approach is transnational. In contrast to previous scholarship, which is mostly top-down, nation-centric, and preoccupied with the internal configuration of telephone networks that are typically studied inside the walls of discrete national containers, we widen the lens to explore a broad array of influences on network evolution, including those that originated from within individual operating companies and beyond national borders. Among the themes that we explore is transnational standard-setting. And among the agents of change that we emphasize is the influence of military conflict on personal networks, technical protocols, and international organizations. From such a vantage point, the First World War emerges as a constitutive moment in the making of the information infrastructure in the modern world.