cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysing the implications of increased nitrogen application on greenhouse gas emissions and productivity of New Zealand sheep and beef farms
Creators: name: Upton, S T
name: Upton, S T
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Pasture production, Global warming effect, Stocking rates, Pasture quality

description: New Zealand’s goal to double agricultural exports as well as meet Kyoto protocol commitments is a challenge. New Zealand sheep and beef farmers have been advised that applying more nitrogen fertiliser is the cheapest way to boost productivity. However, an increase in nitrogen fertiliser application results in greenhouse gas emissions increasing. This study analysed the implications of increased nitrogen fertiliser application on productivity and greenhouse gas emissions for New Zealand sheep and beef farms. Three scenarios were modelled to use the additional pasture production achieved from the different rates of nitrogen fertiliser and compared with a base model sheep and beef farm. These scenarios were (1) better feeding livestock to increase end live weight, (2) increasing stocking rate and (3) better feeding livestock to reduce the number of grazing days. The model farm was based on weighted average of all sheep and beef farms in New Zealand (Class 9). Simulations were then run with the different rates of nitrogen fertiliser ranging from 20 to 100kgN/ha/yr through each scenario. Consistent with the hypotheses, the efficiency of utilisation of extra grass production is an important determinant of the ratio of product output to GHG emissions. For scenario 1 and 2, productivity increased with the ratio of profit to kg of GHG emissions increasing. In scenario 1, the profit per kg of GHG emissions increased 27% in simulation 1 from the base model farm. This occurred when nitrogen fertiliser was increased to 20 kg/N/ha/yr from 5.6 kg/N/ha/yr. The ratio increased 0.6% for scenario 2 for the same change in nitrogen fertiliser. In scenario 3, the ratio of profit to kg of GHG emissions decreased 9% for the same change in nitrogen fertiliser. In all scenarios, GHG emissions increased. When N fertiliser is increased, productivity increased, greenhouse gas emissions could not be reduced and the proposed emissions trading scheme will have little impact on profitability. Strategic use of N could improve hill-country resilience. With an increase in strategic N fertiliser application, livestock can be better fed; thus, increased live weight and reducing the number of grazing days.
Direct credit controls as a monetary policy tool
Creators: name: COTULA, F.
name: PADOA-SCHIOPPA, T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Credit ceilings, monetary policy, monetary base management, authorities, banking system
subject: E51, E52, G28

description: Generally speaking, the application of credit ceilings confronts the monetary authorities with a number of political and technical problems, such as the acceptability of distortions of and limits to market forces, the difficulty of administrative controls, and so on. Moreover, a systematic analysis of the economic implications of credit ceilings still has to be made, probably because of the novelty of these policy instruments. The present paper studies the effects and scope of the application of credit ceilings, whether they be considered a substitute for monetary base management or as an additional tool. The analysis is developed on the assumption that the banking system is made of a single large bank with many branches. JEL: E51, E52, G28
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 98 (1971)
Direct measurement of the recovery time of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Creators: name: Autebert, Claire
name: Gras, Gaëtan
name: Amri, Emna
name: Perrenoud, Matthieu
name: Caloz, Misael
name: Zbinden, Hugo
name: Bussières, Félix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key properties of single-photon detectors is their recovery time, i.e. the time required for the detector to recover its nominal efficiency. In the case of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), which can feature extremely short recovery times in free-running mode, a precise characterisation of this recovery time and its time dynamics is essential for many quantum optics or quantum communication experiments. We introduce a fast and simple method to characterise precisely the recovery time of SNSPDs. It provides full information about the recovery of the efficiency in time for a single or several consecutive detections. We also show how the method can be used to gain insight into the behaviour of the bias current inside the nanowire after a detection, which allows predicting the behaviour of the detector and its efficiency in any practical experiment using these detectors.
Succession and investment in New Zealand farming
Creators: name: Wright, William C C
name: Brown, Pike
name: Wright, William C C
name: Brown, Pike
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: farm planning; intensification; demographics; age; instrumental variables; Survey of Rural Decision Makers

description: Farm operations in New Zealand are traditionally run as family businesses in which land and capital are handed down from one generation to the next. Such family businesses have time horizons that are measured in generations rather than years, and the identification of a successor encourages long-term planning that farms without successors cannot justify. Simultaneously, farms that invest in productive capital have higher future earnings potential, ceteris paribus, and therefore be more attractive to potential successors. Both of these relationships imply a correlation between succession planning and investment. In this paper we separate the causal effect succession planning has on investment using two-stage ordered probit regression with instrumental variables, namely, the extent farmers report they farm due to family tradition and the number of generations that the family has farmed in New Zealand. Our results show that the presence of a successor does in fact raise investment.
Lower limits on R-parity-violating couplings in supersymmetric models with light squarks
Creators: name: Berger, Edmond L.
name: Sullivan, Zack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We interpret the results of searches for strongly interacting massive particles to place absolute lower limits on R-parity-violating couplings for squarks with mass (m_\tilde{q}) below 100 GeV. Recent searches for anomalous isotopes require that there be a baryon-number-violating or lepton-number-violating coupling larger than 10^{-22} -- 10^{-21} if m_\tilde{q} > 18 GeV. Using data from searches for stable particles at the CERN Large Electron Positron collider (LEP) we demonstrate that this lower limit increases by 14 orders of magnitude, to an R-parity-violating coupling larger than 10^{-8} -- 10^{-7} for any squarks of mass less than 90 GeV. In the presence of an R-parity-violating coupling of this magnitude, neutralinos cannot explain the dark matter density in the Universe.
description: 10 pgs. revtex4, 2 ps figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., extended description of anomalous isotope calculation and results
Macrophthalmus (Chaenostoma) Stimpson 1858
Creators: name: Barnes, R. S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Macrophthalmidae
Macrophthalmus

description: Macrophthalmus (Chaenostoma) Stimpson, 1858
(Fig. 1A)
 Small, carapace breadth <15 mm; ocular peduncles short and stout, not projecting beyond lateral carapace margins, subequal in length to breadth of front or shorter; front broad, not constricted between bases of ocular peduncles, where its breadth is 20–30% the distance between external orbital angles; ischium of external maxilliped some 1.25 times length of merus; carapace with breadth <1.3 times length, with lateral margins parallel, with broad-based subrectangular anterolateral teeth, without conspicuous aggregations of granules into rows or clumps on branchial regions; central region of posterior border of epistome straight; males without stridulatory apparatus; fingers of male chela short with index straight or slightly downflexed, and with a differentiated tooth only on dactylus. Intertidal, but unusually for Macrophthalmus, mainly associated with rocky or stony habitats.
 Two species are included in Chaenostoma (= Mopsocarcinus Barnes, 1967): M. boscii Audouin, 1825 (type species) and M. punctulatus Miers, 1884. This subgenus was suggested by Barnes (1967) to approximate the form of the ancestral Macrophthalmus, but the molecular sequence analysis of Kitaura, Nishida & Wada (2006) places it as a highly derived form.
description: Published as part of Barnes, R. S. K., 2010, A Review Of The Sentinel And Allied Crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae), With Particular Reference To The Genus Macrophthalmus, pp. 31-49 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508304
The widening gap
Creators: name: BAUER, P.T.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Less developed, underdeveloped countries, poverty, widening gap, vicious cycle, foreign aid
subject: I32, O19, F35

description: In recent years references to a widening gap in incomes and living standards have replaced references to a vicious circle of poverty in discussions of the position and prospects of underdeveloped or developing countries. Like its predecessor was before it, the widening gap theory is linked to important corollaries for policy, notably insistence on the continuation and expansion of large-scale foreign aid. In the present paper it is argued that, although the shortcomings of the notion of the ever-widening gap cannot be so easily and immediately exposed as those of the thesis of the vicious circle of poverty, the idea of the widening gap is no more illuminating and can not serve as bases of sensible discussion, let alone of ration proposals for policy. The author demonstrates some of the major limitations, both conceptual and statistical, of the theory. JEL: I32, O19, F35
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 98 (1971)
Multiplier effects and credit creation in the euro-dollar market
Creators: name: MAYER, H.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Eurodollar market, credit supply, international finance, commercial banking
subject: E44, E51, F30, G21

description: The Euro-dollar market and in particular its impact on the world supply of credit is currently one of the most controversial and at the same time one of the most important topics of international finance. In an article published in September 1970, Machlup quite vehemently attacked much of the established thinking on this subject. The present paper argues that the analogy of a largely self-contained commercial banking system, which seems to lie at the basis of Machlup’s conceptual apparatus and analytical procedures, misses some of the most essential features of the Euro-dollar market. The author shows how the model of endogenous credit creation in a relatively closed national banking system must be modified in order to arrive at a more realistic appraisal of the Euro-dollar market’s credit-creating potential. JEL: E44, E51, F30, G21
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 98 (1971)
Two Particle States in an Asymmetric Box and the Elastic Scattering Phases
Creators: name: Feng, Xu
name: Li, Xin
name: Liu, Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact two-particle energy eigenstates in a generic asymmetric rectangular box with periodic boundary conditions in all three directions are studied. Their relation with the elastic scattering phases of the two particles in the continuum are obtained for both $D_4$ and $D_2$ symmetry. These results can be viewed as a generalization of the corresponding formulae in a cubic box obtained by Lüscher before. In particular, the s-wave scattering length is related to the energy shift in the finite box. Possible applications of these formulae are also discussed.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, latex typeset with elsart.cls
Algorithms in Linear Algebraic Groups
Creators: name: Bhunia, Sushil
name: Mahalanobis, Ayan
name: Shinde, Pralhad
name: Singh, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Primary 11E57, 15A21, Secondary 20G05, 15A66

description: This paper presents some algorithms in linear algebraic groups. These algorithms solve the word problem and compute the spinor norm for orthogonal groups. This gives us an algorithmic definition of the spinor norm. We compute the double coset decomposition with respect to a Siegel maximal parabolic subgroup, which is important in computing infinite-dimensional representations for some algebraic groups.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1901.00892, arXiv:1504.03794
Additional file 2 of Risk factors for low back pain in active military personnel: a systematic review
Creators: name: To, Daphne
name: Rezai, Mana
name: Murnaghan, Kent
name: Cancelliere, Carol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Sample search strategy in MEDLINE (EBSCO).
Δείκτες επιλογής του βέλτιστου πλήθους των συστάδων : μια εμπειρική συγκριτική μελέτη
Creators: name: Καλιακούδα, Φωτεινή
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Clustering
subject: NbClust

description: Η ανάλυση συστάδων είναι μια οικογένεια μεθόδων πολυμεταβλητής στατιστικής ανάλυσης δεδομένων που στοχεύει στη δημιουργία ομάδων από ένα δοσμένο σύνολο δεδομένων με βάση μια σειρά από μεταβλητές. Η ταξινόμηση σε συστάδες γίνεται κατά τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε τα αντικείμενα κάθε συστάδας να έχουν παρόμοια χαρακτηριστικά. Μια επιτυχημένη ανάλυση θα πρέπει να οδηγεί σε ομάδες με παρατηρήσεις όσο γίνεται πιο όμοιες εντός αυτών ενώ παρατηρήσεις διαφορετικών ομάδων να διαφέρουν όσο γίνεται περισσότερο. Κύριο πρόβλημα της ανάλυσης συστάδων είναι ότι σε πολλές περιπτώσεις δεν γνωρίζουμε εξ’ αρχής τον αριθμό των συστάδων, γι’ αυτό και έχουν προταθεί μεθοδολογίες και δείκτες προς αυτή την κατεύθυνση. Στα πλαίσια της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας παρουσιάζονται αρχικά οι κυριότερες μέθοδοι συσταδοποίησης (ιεραρχικές και μη ιεραρχικές) με έμφαση στον αλγόριθμο (μέθοδο) k-Means και στην ιεραρχική συσσωρευτική συσταδοποίηση με τη μέθοδο Ward. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζονται οι κυριότεροι δείκτες εύρεσης του βέλτιστου πλήθους συστάδων που περιλαμβάνονται στο πακέτο NbClust της γλώσσας R και εξετάζεται εμπειρικά η αποτελεσματικότητά τους μέσω δύο εφαρμογών σε πραγματικά δεδομένα. Εκτός των προαναφερθέντων δεικτών, επιδεικνύεται και η χρήση πιο παραδοσιακών μεθόδων όπως η «μέθοδος τους αγκώνα» (elbow method) καθώς και η χρήση του δενδρογράμματος για την επιλογή του βέλτιστου πλήθους συστάδων.
Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) Barnes 1967
Creators: name: Barnes, R. S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Macrophthalmidae
Macrophthalmus

description: Macrophthalmus (Mareotis) Barnes, 1967
(Figs. 3C, 4A)
 Large, up to 40 mm carapace breadth; ocular peduncles elongate but not projecting beyond lateral carapace margins, much longer than breadth of front; front narrow, usually constricted between bases of ocular peduncles, where its breadth is 8–15% distance between external orbital angles; ischium of external maxilliped> 1.5 times length of merus (usually 1.7–2.5 times); carapace with breadth 1.3–1.7 times length (and in one species> 1.8 times length), with large, broad-based, subrectangular anterolateral teeth, with lateral margins subparallel or arched (so that greatest carapace breadth not across external orbital angles or even second anterolateral teeth), with longitudinal and/or transverse rows of granules and/or hairs on branchial regions but without clumps of granules; central region of posterior border of epistome straight, with marked concavity or (in some populations of one species) with a central protuberance; males of one species with stridulatory apparatus as described below in Paramareotis; fingers of male chelae usually elongate with index downflexed and with differentiated teeth on both index and dactylus or on dactylus only. Intertidal, usually in relatively soft muds.
Twelve species are included which have been divided between two subgroups on morphological grounds (the groups A and B of Komai et al., 1995):
description: Published as part of Barnes, R. S. K., 2010, A Review Of The Sentinel And Allied Crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae), With Particular Reference To The Genus Macrophthalmus, pp. 31-49 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508304
The design, construction, instrumentation and initial response of a field-scale waste rock test pile
Creators: name: Corazao Gallegos, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The geochemical and hydrological behavior of waste rock systems is usually predicted by conducting laboratory scale tests such as humidity cells and small-scale barrel tests. While these test procedures for the prediction of geochemical behavior are well developed and widely adopted in practice, little is known if the results obtained from these small scale tests can be used to describe and predict the full-scale behavior of waste rock impoundments under natural field conditions. Direct observations and measurements of water movement through waste rock dumps are necessary to improve the understanding of the hydrology of the dump and its influence on the geochemistry of full-scale waste rock dumps. These observations of oxygen and water movement are possible through the implementation of field-scale experiments. Some field-scale experiments have been developed in the last few decades; all of them focus primarily on studying waste rock geochemistry and hydrology in acid production environments. However, some ore bodies are hosted in rock with high neutralization capacity such as carbonates, generating alkaline/neutral drainage from the waste rock dumps. This type of drainage can also produce adverse effects on the environment. The alkaline/neutral drainage from waste rock dumps can limit the dissolution and mobility of some metals although other environmentally hazardous elements are not strongly attenuated at high pH. This thesis is part of an extensive research program currently undertaken by the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada in collaboration with Teck Cominco Limited, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Antamina mine in Peru to investigate waste rock hydrology and geochemistry in a neutral drainage environment. The field experimentation includes five field-scale waste rock test piles, a number of barrel-sized field cells and a cover study. The scope of this research involved the design, construction and instrumentation of a field-scale waste rock test pile constructed at the Antamina mine, which is hosted in rock with high ii neutralization capacity. The experimental data was used to analyze the initial hydrological and geochemical response of the constructed pile. The general conclusions are that: the test pile construction sequence and the meteorological conditions at the site during the construction and subsequent operation of the pile had a significant influence on the initial hydrological response of the test pile; the infiltration and drainage conditions in the test pile reached a semi-steady state in relatively short period of time; the effect of material segregation, heterogeneity and the presence of preferential flow paths appear to be evident; and, that the levels of electrical conductivity measured and the sulfates released along with concentrations of metals such as Cu and Zn suggests that oxidation is taking place within the pile.
Inflation and growth: the international evidence
Creators: name: THIRLWALL, A.P.
name: BARTON, C.A
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Inflation, growth, development, investment ratio, balance of payments
subject: E31, F32, E22

description: The work takes a large sample of countries and looks at the international evidence of the relation between inflation and growth, taking real growth unadjusted for population change, and cross-classifying countries according to their level of development and rate of inflation. The authors relate the analysis directly to growth theory by examining the relation between inflation and two important determinants of growth: the investment ratio and the balance of payments situation. Three conclusions are arrived at based on the analysis. First, for countries with relatively high productivity there is a distinct positive association between inflation and growth. Second, countries with a mild inflation of prices of between 3 and 10 percent per annum invest a higher proportion of their gross national product than countries with price stability. Third, inflation in excess of 10 percent per annum is positively detrimental to growth, investment and the balance of payments. JEL: E31, F32, E22
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 98 (1971)
title: Microhabitat requirements of the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) in a woodland area
Creators: name: Jarvis, Laurence Edward
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2012

description: The great crested newt Triturus cristatus is one of Europe's fastest declining amphibian species. This thesis aimed to increase our knowledge of the microhabitat use and ecology of great crested newts within a woodland area in the British Isles and suggest ways of improving measures for conservation. The study was conducted at Epping Forest Field Centre and surrounding deciduous woodland at High Beach, Epping Forest, which is situated to the north-east of London. Capture-mark-recapture of adults in four ponds over 5 years within a 1 km area revealed that great crested newts exhibited large fluctuations in detection probabilities, highlighting the importance of calculating detection before making inferences of population size or survival. Apparent annual survival was constant between ponds and years; male survival was 0.40 compared to 0.58 in females. Only 11 inter-pond movements were recorded. Many terrestrial juveniles occupied cover objects close to breeding ponds for many months of each year. Growth rates were fastest in smallest individuals (35.to 39 mm SVL) and juvenile body condition varied through each year. Juveniles had high monthly survival (0.56 to 0.77) and a low constant apparent annual survival of 0.19. Adult males exhibited lowest body condition index (BCI) in March and June while females had high BCI in March and lowest in April. Larger males with a higher body condition were more likely to possess taller crests. Experiments showed increased mortality in great crested newt embryos when raised in the presence of caged predatory sticklebacks compared to controls. Great crested newt larvae utilised vegetated microhabitats for a significantly greater proportion of the time when in the presence of caged predatory sticklebacks but not when faced with non-predatory crucian carp. Finally, great crested newt females exhibited a non-random distribution in egg laying. Individuals preferred to lay eggs on clean compared to occupied strips. These findings are discussed in relation to improving our understanding of great crested newt ecology and conservation.
The freeness theorem for equivariant cohomology of Rep($C_2$)-complexes
Creators: name: Hogle, Eric
name: May, Clover
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $C_2$ be the cyclic group of order two. We show that the $RO(C_2)$-graded Bredon cohomology of a finite Rep($C_2$)-complex is free as a module over the cohomology of a point when using coefficients in the constant Mackey functor $\underline{\mathbb{F}_2}$. This paper corrects some errors in Kronholm's proof of this freeness theorem. It also extends the freeness result to finite type complexes, those with finitely many cells of each fixed-set dimension. We give a counterexample showing the theorem does not hold for locally finite complexes.
description: 32 pages, 21 figures, v2 corrections to the proof of finite type theorem (6.3), v3 accepted version to appear in Topology and its Applications
title: Characterization of the mechanisms behind the alternative splicing of the mutually exclusive exons 18N and 18A in the sodium channel gene SCN8A and mutually exclusive exons 5N and 5A in the soldium channel gene SCN9A
Creators: name: Zubovic, Lorena
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: Voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary molecules responsible for the rising phase of action potentials in electrically excitable cells. There are 10 distinct sodium channel isoforms Nav 1.1-1.8 (SCNIA-SCN5A and SCN8A-SCNIIA) and the majority of these undergo tissue and developmentally regulated alternative splicing. Two such examples are those of the SCN8A (Nav 1.6) and SCN9A (Nav 1.7) genes. SCN8A gene contains two mutually exclusive exons, 18N and 18A. Transcripts with exon 18N have a conserved inframe stop codon that predicts the synthesis of a truncated, non functional sodium channel. This protein is expressed in fetal brain and non-neuronal tissues. Once the exon 18A is included, the resulted protein will be a functional channel, that is expressed in adult neurons ofCNS and PNS. The SCN9A exon 5N is preferentially expressed in the PNS and CNS of adult tissues and significant usage of exon 5A was found only in DRG. These two isoforms differ in one amino acid in the S3 domain I (exons 5A and 5N). This change of one amino acid induced a small shift of activation to more hyperpolarized potentials forexon SA compared with exon SN. Analysis of SeNSA pre-mRNA splicing supports a model in which exon 18A exclusion in non-neuronal tissue is regulated primarily by the presence in the cell types of several hnRNPs proteins that function through an exonic splicing silencer (ESS) found in this exon together with the absence of neuron specific Fox-I protein. In neuronal cells the absence of these hnRNPs together with the presence of neuron specific Fox-l cause the exon to be included. The SeNSA exon 18N is included innon neuronal cells due to the SR proteins that function through an exonic splicing enhancer(ESE) found in this exon. In neuronal cells the lower levels of these SR proteins cause the exon 18N to be skipped. This type of control of mutually exclusive splicing through the proteome make-up of a cell type would appear to be influential in the temporal and tissue specific splicing of SeN8A, another member of the voltage gated sodium channels and may indeed represent a more general mechanism.
International trade theory is still relevant
Creators: name: WILLETT, T.D.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Comparative advantage, international trade, protectionism, policy, exchange, investment
subject: F10, F13, F21

description: It has become common place to argue that the theory of comparative advantage and international trade is no longer relevant to the realities of the world economy and that concepts such as free trade versus protectionism are outdated. It is the contention of this paper, however, that international theory still has much to offer as a guide for policy. The author argues that, despite profound changes and new trends in the world economy, international trade theory has not lost its relevance and that the presumption which may be derived from it in favour of free international exchange as a general policy remains a wise basis for international trade and investment policy in the 1970s. JEL: F10, F13, F21
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 98 (1971)
The book value of monetary gold
Creators: name: MACHLUP, F.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Gold, dollar, devaluation, exchange rate, price
subject: E40, E42

description: The debate over a devaluation of the U.S. dollar in terms of gold had been going on for months, but the parties seem to be unable to sort out sense from nonsense, truth from fiction, economics from politics and cosmetics. There is speak of “burden” and “burden sharing” where no economic loss or disadvantage is involved, and the dollar price of monetary gold is spoken of when neither a price nor an exchange value is involved but only a book value. The chief purpose of the present article is to clarify the issues rather than to make policy recommendations or predictions. However, in discussing the major arguments for and against an early change in the dollar valuation of gold, the author shows the strengths and weaknesses of the two positions. JEL: E40, E42
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
The Achille’s heel of Prof. Friedman’s counter-revolution
Creators: name: GAMBINO, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Friedman, monetary theory, counter-revolution, quantity theory, Keynes
subject: B31, B22, E40, E50

description: The article considers Milton Friedman’s counter revolution in monetary theory. In effect, this counter-revolution starts with a reaffirmation, supported by an up-to-date re-elaboration, of the ultra secular quantity theory as far as this theory gives outstanding prominence to the changes in the quantity of money as being decisive elements in the changes of prices and income levels. The author argues, however, that while the condition concerning the parallelism between the growths of real income and those of the quantity of money certainly represents a necessary condition, it is not the one that is sufficient for price stabilisation. For this purpose, account must also be taken of the “fundamental equations” given by Keynes in his Treatise on Money, in order to establish the necessity of the equilibrium, in the sense of adjustment, between savings and investments. Accordingly, Friedman’s neglect to take these conditions into account constitutes the “Achilles’ heel” of the counter-revolution. JEL: B31, B22, E40, E50
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
The French system of monetary and credit controls
Creators: name: HODGMAN, D.R.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: France, French monetary policy, credit controls, policy, growth, price level, balance of payments
subject: E52, E31, F32

description: The article presents French monetary and credit controls as a coherent system, displays the inner logic of this system and evaluates its implications for policy objectives related to growth, the price level and balance-of-payments. The French system is sufficiently different from other countries in the degree of “socialisation” of credit and direct administrative intervention by the authorities into credit affairs. The effects of traditional operations such as open market purchases cannot be understood in the French environment without a grasp of certain features of French financial institutions. Moreover, the French authorities assign priority to selective credit policy as distinct from general monetary policy and are permitted to intervene in the free play of financial market forces through administrative measures. JEL: E52, E31, F32
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
Macrophthalmus crinitus Rathbun 1913
Creators: name: Barnes, R. S. K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Macrophthalmidae
Macrophthalmus
Macrophthalmus crinitus

description: The M. crinitus group
 In M. crinitus Rathbun, 1913, M. darwinensis Barnes, 1971, and M. pacificus Dana, 1851 (Fig. 3C) the front is relatively broad and unconstricted, the central region of epistome is straight, the characteristic longitudinal ridges of the branchial regions are poorly marked, and the fingers of the male chela are short, with an undeflexed index. The specimen described by Pretzmann (1974) as M. pacificus tjiljapensis in fact belongs to M. definitus in the other subgroup of Mareotis.
description: Published as part of Barnes, R. S. K., 2010, A Review Of The Sentinel And Allied Crabs (Crustacea: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae), With Particular Reference To The Genus Macrophthalmus, pp. 31-49 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 58 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508304
An analysis of the two-tier foreign exchange market
Creators: name: BARATTIERI, V.
name: RAGAZZI, G.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Two-tier foreign exchange market, EEC, capital movements, Mundell, fiscal policy
subject: F31, F36, E62

description: This paper analyses the possible effects of the two-tier foreign exchange market. This system, which has been in operation in Belgium for over 15 years, has recently found new supporters, as is indicated by the fact that during the international monetary crisis of May 1971 the EEC Commission counselled its adoption. The author first analyses the reasons which may justify restrictions on the freedom of capital movements, both in the short run and in the longer term. Some of the technical characteristics of a two-tier foreign exchange market are then examined before the well-known Mundell analysis of the efficiency of monetary and fiscal policy in an open economy is extended to the case of a country with such a system. Finally, the author draws some conclusions and compares a two-tier system with other instruments designed to reduce the undesired repercussions of high capital mobility. JEL: F31, F36, E62
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
The Periodic Standing-Wave Approximation: Overview and Three Dimensional Scalar Models
Creators: name: Andrade, Zeferino
name: Beetle, Christopher
name: Blinov, Alexey
name: Bromley, Benjamin
name: Burko, Lior M.
name: Cranor, Maria
name: Owen, Robert
name: Price, Richard H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The periodic standing-wave method for binary inspiral computes the exact numerical solution for periodic binary motion with standing gravitational waves, and uses it as an approximation to slow binary inspiral with outgoing waves. Important features of this method presented here are: (i) the mathematical nature of the ``mixed'' partial differential equations to be solved, (ii) the meaning of standing waves in the method, (iii) computational difficulties, and (iv) the ``effective linearity'' that ultimately justifies the approximation. The method is applied to three dimensional nonlinear scalar model problems, and the numerical results are used to demonstrate extraction of the outgoing solution from the standing-wave solution, and the role of effective linearity.
description: 13 pages RevTeX, 5 figures. New version. A revised form of the nonlinearity produces better results
Italy’s five-year plan ex post
Creators: name: CAMPOLONGO, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, statistical assessment, forecasts, growth, policy, employment, analysis, performance, Italian economy
subject: E60, E24, O47, O52

description: The five-year period covered by Italy’s first national economic Plan came to an end in December last year, so now it is possible to make a limited statistical assessment ex post of its results. The author confines comments to a few of the quantitative forecasts made, without analysing the cause of the divergence between forecasts and actual performance. Some of the Plan’s forecasts were confirmed or even exceeded by the actual performance: growth rate of GNP, expansion of the industrial and tertiary sectors, private saving, foreign trade and overall surplus of the balance of payments. Others, on the contrary, failed more or less seriously to materialise: employment, price stability, the gap in the Mezzogiorno, propensity to consume, public saving, financing of investments and exports of capital. JEL: E60, E24, O47, O52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
The quantity theory of money. A comment
Creators: name: MASERA, R.S.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantity theory, nominal stock, money, demand, supply, monetary policy
subject: B22, E41, E51, E52

description: In this brief note, the author criticises A.K. Kelly’s A Critical Note on the Quantity Theory of Money. The author contends that while there are certainly sound arguments supporting the view that the nominal stock of money is partly dependent on the endogenous behaviour of the economic system, this fact does not preclude the existence of two separate supply and demand functions, although it does raise the question of whether the single -equation approach to the estimation of the demand-for-money function is in fact warranted. Moreover, Kelly’s position that it is impossible for the suppliers of money to create “excess” monetary balances does not withstand scrutiny. JEL: B22, E41, E51, E52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
Looking Beyond Inflationary Cosmology
Creators: name: Brandenberger, Robert H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of the phenomenological successes of the inflationary universe scenario, the current realizations of inflation making use of scalar fields lead to serious conceptual problems which are reviewed in this lecture. String theory may provide an avenue towards addressing these problems. One particular approach to combining string theory and cosmology is String Gas Cosmology. The basic principles of this approach are summarized.
description: invited talk at "Theory Canada 1" (Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, June 2 - 4, 2005) (references updated)
The quantity theory of money. Reply to Dr. R.S. Masera
Creators: name: KELLY, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantity theory, nominal stock, money, demand, supply, monetary policy
subject: B22, E41, E51, E52

description: In this brief note, the author responds to R.S. Masera’s criticism of the author’s position on the quantity theory of money. The author maintains that the monetary authorities cannot arbitrarily create excessive money balances in the hands of the public and that as a consequence monetary policy is likely to be ineffective and possibly even disruptive. JEL: B22, E41, E51, E52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 24, N. 99 (1971)
title: A case study of Emirati females and an international EFL oral proficiency test: Does one size fit all?
Creators: name: AlHafidh, Gail Karen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: For many students, English as a foreign language (EFL) assessments are high-stake examinations, the results of which will determine their future study and career paths. This thesis will present data gathered from questionnaires of students and examiners, filmed interviews, audio recordings and focus group feedback. The key question posed is: is it possible for international EFL exams to have global applicability and therefore maintain test validity? Furthermore, to what extent should international EFL test writers take into account the regional, socio-cultural context of the recipient student body when making question choices and devising assessment criteria? This thesis attempts to address these questions through interpretive case study research of oral interview assessment in a female campus of a tertiary college in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). CAT (Communication Accommodation Theory) was the theoretical tool used to examine the interaction between examiners and candidates during the IEL TS-style oral assessment. The study looked at the questions typically asked in an international EFL interview and the reaction of the participants, both linguistically and behaviourally, to the context of the interview and the method of assessment of the communication in those interviews. The aim was to have a better understanding of how female Emirati candidates respond to the various aspects of an international EFL speaking assessment in the context of their own cultural, social and religious constructs. Analysis of the data reveals that that there is a mismatch between the perceptions of the examiners and the participants, in several areas, and that this has the potential to affect grade outcomes, as seen in the case study interviews. The study concludes that there is scope for both a broader range in the choice of questions in speaking assessments and a need for examiners to be prepared to choose questions more judiciously, in line with the cultural context of the candidates and that this is possible without jeopardising the validity of the assessment. The findings also show that there are clear differences between the grading of face to face and audio 2 recorded interviews and that these should be considered when grading criteria are written. Overall the study contributes a variety of insights into the field of oral assessment and has implications for test writers, assessors, candidates and publishers, since, in the case of international EFL oral assessments, it appears that 'one-size' does not fit all.
Do You Flirt With Danger?
Creators: name: Barnes, Roscoe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Religious Studies
subject: 220402 Comparative Religious Studies
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This evangelistic message was published as an article in The Evangelist magazine and as a Gospel tract by Evangelical Tract Distributors (Canada).
Flavor and CP-violating Higgs sector in two Higgs doublet models with $U(1)'$
Creators: name: Bian, Ligong
name: Lee, Hyun Min
name: Park, Chan Beom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of a local $U(1)'$ symmetry for the problem of CP violation in the effective theory for two Higgs doublet models and its microscopic counterparts. First, in two Higgs doublet models with $U(1)'$, we show that the higher-dimensional operators in the scalar potential violate the CP symmetry with an interplay with the mixing mass parameter, giving rise to small mixings between CP-even and CP-odd scalars. Motivated by the $B$-meson anomalies in recent years, we take the flavored $U(1)'$ to be a benchmark model for specifying the flavor structure. Then, we calculate the electric dipole moment of electron (eEDM) at two loops due to the CP-violating higher-dimensional operators and identify the correlation between the masses of heavy Higgs bosons and the cutoff scale from the bound on eEDM. We also comment on the possibility of making an independent test of the CP violation in the collider searches for heavy Higgs bosons. Finally, we show how the obtained eEDM results in the effective theory can be used to constrain microscopic models with an explicit CP violation in the partially decoupled or dark sectors.
description: 37 pages, 5 figures, Journal version
Lyotropic ion effects in guar gum adsorption on various minerals
Creators: name: Ma, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Adsorption of guar gum was studied on a number of oxide and clay minerals. The tests were performed as a function of salt concentration and pH from solutions of lithium, sodium, potassium, and cesium chlorides. The four salts allowed an assessment to be made of the significance of lyotropic ion phenomena in controlling the adsorption of the polysaccharide. The results showed that the adsorption of the polymer was independent of pH and acidity/basicity of the minerals. Therefore, no evidence of acid-base type of chemical interactions was observed and hydrogen bonding was suggested as the adsorption mechanism. It was also observed that the adsorption of guar gum on quartz, kaolinite and illite proceeded differently from lithium and sodium chloride solutions in comparison to potassium and cesium chlorides. In contrast, no significant effect of salt type and concentration was observed in guar gum adsorption on titania, hematite, and alumina. It was postulated that the presence or absence of an extensive hydration layer at the mineral-solution interface was the dominant factor and that the interfacial water created a barrier against guar gum adsorption. Therefore, the role of ions of a given lyotropic series is to destabilize the interfacial water structure and promote guar gum adsorption. On the other hand, the absence of an extensive hydration layer on titania, alumina, and hematite allowed guar gum to freely interact with the surfaces and thus no lyotropic ion effect was observed. Therefore, lyotropic ion effects are very strong only in the case of strongly hydrated quartz and, apparently, clay minerals. It was also shown that guar gum undergoes extensive aggregation in concentrated solutions of kosmotropic salts (LiCl and NaCl) while chaotropic potassium and cesium chlorides turned out to be very powerful solvents for the polymer. As a result, it can be postulated that individual guar gum molecules adsorb on minerals from concentrated KCl solutions, while entire guar gum aggregates adsorb from concentrated NaCl solutions. Such findings are of particular interest to potash flotation which is carried out in saturated salt solutions. It was stressed that any analysis of the adsorption results using traditional approaches and models must be performed with extreme caution since guar gum solutions are inherently heterogeneous due to the presence of undissolved, colloidal polymer aggregates.
Additional file 1 of Accessing and engaging with antenatal care: an interview study of teenage women
Creators: name: Wong Shee, Anna
name: Frawley, Natasha
name: Robertson, Carolyn
name: McKenzie, AnneMarie
name: Lodge, Julie
name: Versace, Vincent
name: Nagle, Cate
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1.