cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Off-line Multi-Sensor Multi-Source Calibration of Dynamic Traffic Assignment: Simultaneous Demand-Supply Estimation based on Genetic Algorithms in a High-Performance Computer
Creators: name: Omrani, Reza
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Civil
subject: Off-line simultaneous calibration
subject: dynamic traffic assignment (DTA)
subject: high-performance computer (HPC)
subject: in-vehicle navigation system technology
subject: driving-behavior parameters

description: The complexity of transportation systems often dictates the use of detailed simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models to replicate the complex traffic flow dynamics. Recent advancements in computer technology have led to the development of high-fidelity simulation models; however, in order to be used as reliable tools, the simulation input parameters should be properly calibrated in order to replicate prevailing traffic conditions. Thus, this thesis has focused on the off-line simultaneous calibration of demand and supply parameters of the DTA model in a microscopic context that can capture the interactions between all parameters. The demand parameters include dynamic OD flows, while the route choice and driver behavior model parameters are considered as supply parameters. The calibration process has been formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem that incorporates the traffic data from multiple sources, ranging from traditional loop detector data to traffic data from recent emerging technologies, and allocates relative weights to different terms of the objective function. A genetic algorithm (GA) is selected as a suitable solution algorithm for the resulting nonlinear stochastic optimization problem. The application of the proposed methodology was implemented in a synthetic case study as well as a complex network in the business district core of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. For this network, the emerging traffic surveillance data from in-vehicle navigation system technology provide an enrich source of disaggregate speed data. The empirical results from various experiments support the hypothesis that the incorporation of the in-vehicle navigation system speed data can significantly improve the calibration accuracy and minimize the dependency of the calibration process on the historical OD flows. The quality of the solution and convergence speed of a GA is further enhanced by dividing the GA population into multiple demes and running the GA on a high-performance computer (HPC) cluster with multiple processors (i.e. parallel distributed GA, PDGA).In addition, this research takes a further step towards analyzing the temporal variations of the driving behavior of travelers, especially during different time intervals of peak periods.
Additional file 4 of Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Creators: name: Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel
name: Klemm, Paul
name: Thüring, Marietta
name: Saavedra, Lucila
name: Hebert, Elvira Maria
name: Hartmann, Roland K.
name: Lechner, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 4 Full genomic context of 6S RNA in LAB (pdf). Full genomic context of 6S RNA in LAB. Full taxonomic resolution of Fig. 2.
Star-planet magnetic interaction and activity in late-type stars with close-in planets
Creators: name: Lanza, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Late-type stars interact with their close-in planets through their coronal magnetic fields. We introduce a theory for the interaction between the stellar and planetary fields focussing on the processes that release magnetic energy in the stellar coronae. We consider the energy dissipated by the reconnection between the stellar and planetary magnetic fields as well as that made available by the modulation of the magnetic helicity of the coronal field produced by the orbital motion of the planet. We estimate the powers released by both processes in the case of axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric, linear and non-linear force-free coronal fields finding that they scale as v_r (B_s)^(4/3) (B_p)^(2/3) (R_p)^2, where v_r is the relative velocity between the stellar and planetary fields, B_s the mean stellar surface field, B_p the planetary field at the poles, and R_p the radius of the planet. A chromospheric hot spot or a flaring activity phased to the orbital motion of the planet are found only when the stellar field is axisymmetric. In the case of a non-axisymmetric field, the time modulation of the energy release is multiperiodic and can be easily confused with the intrinsic stellar variability. We apply our theory to the systems with some reported evidence of star-planet magnetic interaction finding a dissipated power at least one order of magnitude smaller than that emitted by the chromospheric hot spots. The phase lags between the planets and the hot spots are reproduced by our models in all the cases except for upsilon And. In conclusion, the chromospheric hot spots rotating in phase with the planets cannot be explained by the energy dissipation produced by the interaction between stellar and planetary fields as considered by our models and require a different mechanism.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
AZEuS: An Adaptive Zone Eulerian Scheme for Computational MHD
Creators: name: Ramsey, Jon P.
name: Clarke, David A.
name: Men'shchikov, Alexander B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) version of the ZEUS-3D astrophysical magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) fluid code, AZEuS, is described. The AMR module in AZEuS has been completely adapted to the staggered mesh that characterises the ZEUS family of codes, on which scalar quantities are zone-centred and vector components are face-centred. In addition, for applications using static grids, it is necessary to use higher-order interpolations for prolongation to minimise the errors caused by waves crossing from a grid of one resolution to another. Finally, solutions to test problems in 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensions in both Cartesian and spherical coordinates are presented.
description: 52 pages, 17 figures; Accepted for publication in ApJS
The Type System for the Message Passing Language MPL
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Subashis
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Science
subject: concurrent
subject: programmingLanguage
subject: MessagePassing

description: We present a formal description of the Message Passing Language (MPL) which is based on the message passing logic proposed by Cockett and Pastro with the addition of concurrent datatypes or protocols. This thesis also provides a ``proof of concept'' of the language by developing substantial examples in MPL. We also present a complete type system for MPL which underpins both the type checking and the type inference of the language.
Principal component analysis and self organizing map for visual clustering of machine-part cell formation in cellular manufacturing system
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Manojit
name: Dan, Pranab K.
name: Majumdar, Sitanath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present paper attempts to generate visual clustering and data extraction of cell formation problem using both principal component analysis (PCA) and self organizing map (SOM) from input of sequence based machine-part incidence matrix. First, the focus is to utilize PCA for extracting high dimensionality of input variables and project the dataset onto a 2-D space. Second, the unsupervised competitive learning of SOM algorithm is used for data visualization and subsequently, to solve cell formation problem based on ordinal sequence data via the node cluster on the SOM map. Although the numerically illustrated results from dataset revealed that PCA has explained most of the cumulative variance of data but in reality when the very large dimensional cell formation problem based on sequence is available then to obtain the clustering structure from PCA projection is become very difficult. Most importantly, in the visual clustering of ordinal data, the use of U-matrix alone can not be efficient to get the cluster structure but with color extraction, hit map, labeling via the SOM node map it becomes a powerful clustering visualization methodology and thus the present research contribute significantly in the research of cellular manufacturing.
description: 25 pages, 8 tables, 6 figures
Essays of Canadian productivity and international trade
Creators: name: Yu, Emily
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is a collection of three empirical papers that made use of recent Canadian trade and production data. The first chapter “Productivity Performance of Canada" examines Canada's productivity and changes in terms of trade 1961-2007. These changes have been mostly favourable and have had the same effect on real income growth as Total Factor Productivity improvements of the business sector of the economy. The framework applied is developed by Diewert, Kohli and Morrison and is based on production theory. We utilised published and unpublished data from the Statistics Canada Multifactor Productivity program, which develops “bottom up" estimates of business sector productivity from industry estimates. However, we use in this chapter a “top down" approach which utilises (adjusted) final demand data to form a business sector output aggregate and thus leads to much higher estimates of TFP growth for Canada than the corresponding Statistics Canada estimates. Finally, the new export and import time series are used to determine the contributions to real income growth of changes in these disaggregated export and import prices over the 47 year period. The second chapter “Business Sector Data on Outputs and Inputs for Canada 1961-2007" details the business sector data used in the first chapter and explains the construction of estimates of Canadian final demand expenditures, business sector labour input, business sector capital stock, primary input tax rates, balancing real rates of return and user costs. We also make some recommendations for possible improvements that Statistics Canada could make to its productivity program. The third chapter “Does Lobbying Affect Antidumping Case Determinations in Canada?" examines whether the mandate of antidumping legislation in Canada was independent of influences other than those allowed. The relation between antidumping case determinations and various determinants is examined, in particular, whether lobbying activities can influence case determinations. Unlike previous studies that constructed political variable with data that have limited information on policy influence targets, this chapter constructs the variable using the Canadian Lobbyists Registration data with detailed information on lobbyists who had indicated they lobbied for administered protection. The current empirical evidence suggests that the antidumping mandate is not apolitical.
On the size of a linear combination of two linear recurrence sequences over function fields
Creators: name: Heintze, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $ G_n $ and $ H_m $ be two non-degenerate linear recurrence sequences defined over a function field $ F $ in one variable over $ \mathbb{C} $, and let $ μ$ be a valuation on $ F $. We prove that under suitable conditions there are effectively computable constants $ c_1 $ and $ C' $ such that the bound \begin{equation*} μ(G_n - H_m) \leq μ(G_n) + C' \end{equation*} holds for $ \max \{n,m\} > c_1 $.
description: 10 pages
MYTHOLOGICAL ELEMENTS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH AND UZBEK FICTION
Creators: name: Sultanova, Munisa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In mythological legends, the connection of events with great water, fire, flood, supernatural power, giant figure, god, miracle of the Pirs increased the power of influence, gaining faith, and belief in the 12 gods, served as an incentive. In short, these myths describe the family, the tribe, the beliefs, and the characteristics of this type of myth.
Additional file 6 of Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Creators: name: Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel
name: Klemm, Paul
name: Thüring, Marietta
name: Saavedra, Lucila
name: Hebert, Elvira Maria
name: Hartmann, Roland K.
name: Lechner, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 6 RNA-Seq results (pdf). Visualization of RNA-Seq libraries mapped to the respective 6S RNA loci.
Connecting in Crisis: Family Presence in Resuscitation
Creators: name: Schmidt, Rosemary
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Nursing
subject: Emergency
subject: Family

description: Family presence during resuscitation, while discussed and championed by numerous health care organizations remains an inconsistent practice in many emergency departments, including the one examined in this study. Nurses who participated in this grounded theory study reported support and advocacy for family presence. Family members were regarded a valuable resources for the patient and health care team. The nurses discussed the importance of families being together and working together with the health care team in the resuscitation effort. The social process that emerged from the study was connecting in crisis. Facilitating family presence via policy development was not palatable to the participants. Rather, an overarching belief in the importance of family presence and a situational assessment of resuscitation, patient, family, and team was deemed as necessary prior to family inclusion.
Bicrossproduct construction versus Weyl-Heisenberg algebra
Creators: name: Borowiec, A.
name: Pachoł, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are focused on detailed analysis of the Weyl-Heisenberg algebra in the framework of bicrossproduct construction. We argue that however it is not possible to introduce full bialgebra structure in this case, it is possible to introduce non-counital bialgebra counterpart of this construction. Some remarks concerning bicrossproduct basis for kappa-Poincare Hopf algebra are also presented.
description: 11 pages, contribution to the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Quantum Theory and Symmetries (QTS7), 7-13 August 2011, Prague, Czech Republic
Inverse Scattering Transform for the Degasperis-Procesi Equation
Creators: name: Constantin, Adrian
name: Ivanov, Rossen I.
name: Lenells, Jonatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K15, 35Q15, 35Q35

description: We develop the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) method for the Degasperis-Procesi equation. The spectral problem is an $\mathfrak{sl}(3)$ Zakharov-Shabat problem with constant boundary conditions and finite reduction group. The basic aspects of the IST such as the construction of fundamental analytic solutions, the formulation of a Riemann-Hilbert problem, and the implementation of the dressing method are presented.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
title: Cloud and Rain Water Chemical Composition at Peak Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria
Creators: name: Hristova, Elena
name: Veleva, Blagorodka
name: Velchev, Krum
name: Georgieva, Emilia
Publisher: name: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 112-122
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The purpose of the work is to present and discuss newly obtained data for the chemical composition of cloud water (CW) and rain water (RW) at a high-elevation site in Bulgaria. Sampling of CW and RW was organized in 2017 and 2018 during field experiments at Cherni Vrah, the highest peak in Vitosha Mountain. Passive collectors designed and constructed at NIMN were used. All collected samples (118) were analyzed for acidity (pH), conductivity (EC), main anions – SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, ammonium ions (NH4+), macro and micro elements (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Si, Zn, Cu). The average pH values for both types of samples were in the acidity range (<5.0). The values of EC varied from 5 to 89.2 μS.cm-1 for RW and from 0.7 to 202 μS.cm-1 for CW. The ion composition was dominated by NH4+, Ca, nssSO42- and NO3-, which made up more than 63% of the total ionic content for RW and 75% for CW. The relative contribution of the major compounds to the CW and RW composition is presented and discussed. The effect of long-range transport processes is studied for some selected periods of 2018 using HYSPLIT air mass backward trajectory analysis.
description: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 112-122
Fractional Powers of Derivatives in Classical Mechanics
Creators: name: Tarasov, Vasily E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractional analysis is applied to describe classical dynamical systems. Fractional derivative can be defined as a fractional power of derivative. The infinitesimal generators {H, .} and L=G(q,p) \partial_q+F(q,p) \partial_p, which are used in equations of motion, are derivative operators. We consider fractional derivatives on a set of classical observables as fractional powers of derivative operators. As a result, we obtain a fractional generalization of the equation of motion. This fractional equation is exactly solved for the simple classical systems. The suggested fractional equations generalize a notion of classical systems to describe dissipative processes.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX
Distilled Non-Semantic Speech Embeddings with Binary Neural Networks for Low-Resource Devices
Creators: name: Lee, Harlin
name: Saeed, Aaqib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This work introduces BRILLsson, a novel binary neural network-based representation learning model for a broad range of non-semantic speech tasks. We train the model with knowledge distillation from a large and real-valued TRILLsson model with only a fraction of the dataset used to train TRILLsson. The resulting BRILLsson models are only 2MB in size with a latency less than 8ms, making them suitable for deployment in low-resource devices such as wearables. We evaluate BRILLsson on eight benchmark tasks (including but not limited to spoken language identification, emotion recognition, health condition diagnosis, and keyword spotting), and demonstrate that our proposed ultra-light and low-latency models perform as well as large-scale models.
Viscous fluid instabilities under an elastic sheet
Creators: name: Khomenko, Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis considers the flow of thin fluid film between an elastic sheet and a rigid plane. We derive a mathematical model for the flow from the Navier-Stokes equations using the lubrication approximation and develop numerical and similarity solutions to this problem. An experimental apparatus was developed to investigate this phenomenon, and the results of the mathematical model were compared with experimental data. Chapter 3 examines the evolution of a fixed fluid volume under gravitational forces on a horizontal plane. The evolution of the fluid mass profile and the progression of the fluid front are determined from the numerical solutions, as well as experimentally. The favourable comparison between the numerical solutions and the experimental results establishes the validity of the model. Chapters 4-5 considers the evolution of a thin fluid flow under an elastic on an inclined plane. We establish a traveling wave solution for this flow. A linear stability analysis yields the criterion for the existence of unstable modes and establishes the growth rate and wavelength of the most unstable mode. Instability is promoted by increasing the inclination of the plane. For low angles, the numerical and experimental growth rates were in good agreement, while the wavelengths were experimentally of the same order and numerically computed wavelengths had little variation. The long term behaviour of the fluid front is studied analytically via a similarity solution in Chapter 6.
Driver Routing and Scheduling with Synchronization Constraints
Creators: name: Ammann, Pia
name: Kolisch, Rainer
name: Schiffer, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper investigates a novel type of driver routing and scheduling problem motivated by a practical application in long-distance bus networks. A key difference from other crew scheduling problems is that drivers can be exchanged between buses at arbitrary intermediate stops en route such that our problem requires additional synchronization constraints. We present a mathematical model for this problem that leverages a time-expanded multi-digraph and derive bounds for the total number of required drivers. Moreover, we develop a destructive-bound-enhanced matheuristic that converges to provably optimal solutions and apply it to a real-world case study for Flixbus, one of Europe's leading coach companies. We demonstrate that our matheuristic outperforms a standalone MIP implementation in terms of solution quality and computational time and reduces the number of required drivers by up to 56% compared to approaches currently used in practice. Our solution approach provides feasible solutions for all instances within seconds and solves instances with up to 390 locations and 70 requests optimally with an average computational time under 210 sec. We further study the impact of driver exchanges on the total driver count and show that allowing for such exchanges leads to average savings of 42.69%.
Ball-Polyhedra
Creators: name: Bezdek, Karoly
name: Langi, Zsolt
name: Naszodi, Marton
name: Papez, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study two notions. One is that of spindle convexity. A set of circumradius not greater than one is spindle convex if, for any pair of its points, it contains every short circular arc of radius at least one, connecting them. The other objects of study are bodies obtained as intersections of finitely many balls of the same radius, called ball-polyhedra. We find analogues of several results on convex polyhedral sets for ball-polyhedra.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Demonstrating scalable randomized benchmarking of universal gate sets
Creators: name: Hines, Jordan
name: Lu, Marie
name: Naik, Ravi K.
name: Hashim, Akel
name: Ville, Jean-Loup
name: Mitchell, Brad
name: Kriekebaum, John Mark
name: Santiago, David I.
name: Seritan, Stefan
name: Nielsen, Erik
name: Blume-Kohout, Robin
name: Young, Kevin
name: Siddiqi, Irfan
name: Whaley, Birgitta
name: Proctor, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomized benchmarking (RB) protocols are the most widely used methods for assessing the performance of quantum gates. However, the existing RB methods either do not scale to many qubits or cannot benchmark a universal gate set. Here, we introduce and demonstrate a technique for scalable RB of many universal and continuously parameterized gate sets, using a class of circuits called randomized mirror circuits. Our technique can be applied to a gate set containing an entangling Clifford gate and the set of arbitrary single-qubit gates, as well as gate sets containing controlled rotations about the Pauli axes. We use our technique to benchmark universal gate sets on four qubits of the Advanced Quantum Testbed, including a gate set containing a controlled-S gate and its inverse, and we investigate how the observed error rate is impacted by the inclusion of non-Clifford gates. Finally, we demonstrate that our technique scales to many qubits with experiments on a 27-qubit IBM Q processor. We use our technique to quantify the impact of crosstalk on this 27-qubit device, and we find that it contributes approximately 2/3 of the total error per gate in random many-qubit circuit layers.
description: 15 pages + appendices. v2: Corrected error in Section IIIA step 3 + minor edits. v3: Added new theory results
Synaptic Zinc and Cortical Sensory Processing in the Laboratory Mouse
Creators: name: Wu, Hsia-Pai Patrick
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: zinc
subject: synaptic zinc
subject: vesicular zinc
subject: barrel cortex
subject: texture discrimination
subject: visual cortex plasticity
subject: cortical plasticity
subject: sensory processing

description: A growing body of evidence indicates that synaptic zinc plays an important role in regulating neocortical neurotransmission. The goal of this thesis was to further examine the pattern of the distribution of synaptic zinc in the mammalian cortex and how synaptic zinc mediates synaptic transmission to affect cortical function and the generation of behaviour. The mouse visual cortex was used as a model system to observe the experience-dependent regulation of synaptic zinc levels. Histochemical analysis revealed that monocular deprivation dynamically altered the distribution of synaptic zinc in the deprived ocular domains of the visual cortex. Short (1 day) deprivation dramatically increased synaptic zinc density in layer IV of the deprived domains while long-term (3 months) deprivation elevated synaptic zinc levels in layers V and II/III. This result was similar to observations made in the visual cortex of cats and monkeys as well the barrel cortex of mice. The relationship between synaptic zinc in the barrel cortex and the processing of vibrissal sensory input was examined by assessing barrel cortex-dependent behaviour in a transgenic mouse that does not have synaptic zinc (ZnT3 KO mouse). A novel behavioural test that measured barrel cortex-dependent texture discrimination was devised and used to assay mystacial vibrissae function in ZnT3 KO mice. It was observed that ZnT3 KO mice retained the ability to use vibrissal tactile information to discriminate between textures but the acuity of the vibrissal sensory system was greatly reduced. In vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging revealed that stimulation-evoked activity in the barrel cortex of ZnT3 KO mice is altered. Together, the results of this thesis suggest that synaptic zinc levels are dynamically modulated by sensory experience and that synaptic zinc contributes to the integration of sensory information within the primary sensory cortices.
title: Characteristics of Ultrafine PM Emitted During Gazification of Biomass
Creators: name: Naydenova, Iliyana
name: Petrova, Tsvetelina
name: Sandov, Ognyan
name: Ferreira, Ricardo
name: Velichkova, Rositsa
name: Costa, Mario
Publisher: name: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 123-133
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The present work aims at characterising ultrafine particulate matter (PM) that was emitted during biomass gasification in a drop tube furnace (DTF). Three different types of agricultural residue were gasified using the following gasifying agents: O2/N2 and O2/N2/CO2. The PM in the flue gases were sampled, using 13 stage impactor. Particulates, having aerodynamic diameter of 1 and 0.65 μm (PM1 and PM0.65) had the highest mass fraction among all other particulates with aerodynamic diameter up to 10 μm. Thus, the effects of biomass and gasifying agent on particles’ mass distribution were studied. Besides, PM1 and PM0.65 were characterised using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The PM elemental composition confirmed that volatile ash compounds, such as K and Cl are typical constituents of the ultrafine particulates, when biomass from agricultural residue (colza and sunflower husks) was gasified.
description: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 123-133
Measurement of electrical properties of electrode materials for the bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers
Creators: name: Meghna, K. K.
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Biswas, S.
name: Bhattacharya, S.
name: Bose, S.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Das, G.
name: Marick, C.
name: Saha, S.
name: Viyogi, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single gap (gas gap 2 mm) bakelite Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) modules of various sizes from 10 cm \times 10 cm to 1 m \times 1 m have been fabricated, characterized and optimized for efficiency and time resolution. Thin layers of different grades of silicone compound are applied to the inner electrode surfaces to make them smooth and also to reduce the surface resistivity. In the silicone coated RPCs an efficiency > 90% and time resolution \sim 2 ns (FWHM) have been obtained for both the streamer and the avalanche mode of operation. Before fabrication of detectors the electrical properties such as bulk resistivity and surface resistivity of the electrode materials are measured carefully. Effectiveness of different silicone coating in modifying the surface resistivity was evaluated by an instrument developed for monitoring the I-V curve of a high resistive surface. The results indicate definite correlation of the detector efficiency for the atmospheric muons and the RPC noise rates with the surface resistivity and its variation with the applied bias voltage. It was also found that the surface resistivity varies for different grades of silicone material applied as coating, and the results are found to be consistent with the detector efficiency and noise rate measurements done with these RPCs.
description: 9 Pages, 6 figures
Charge-loop current order and Z3 nematicity mediated by bond-order fluctuations in kagome metal AV3Sb5 (A=Cs,Rb,K)
Creators: name: Tazai, Rina
name: Yamakawa, Youichi
name: Kontani, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments on geometrically frustrated kagome metal AV3Sb5 (A=K, Rb, Cs) have revealed the emergence of the charge loop current (cLC) order near the bond order (BO) phase. However, the origin of the cLC and its relation to other phases have been uncovered. Here, we discover a novel mechanism of the cLC state, by focusing on the BO phase common in kagome metals. The BO fluctuations in metals mediate the odd-parity particle-hole condensation, which drives the topological charge-current. This state is further stabilized by the finite electron-phonon coupling and the off-site Coulomb interaction. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the predicted cLC+BO phase gives rise to the Z3-nematic state in addition to the giant anomalous Hall effect. The present theory predicts the close relationship between the cLC, the BO, and the nematicity, which is significant to understand the cascade of quantum electron states in kagome metals.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Benchmarking quantum logic operations relative to thresholds for fault tolerance
Creators: name: Hashim, Akel
name: Seritan, Stefan
name: Proctor, Timothy
name: Rudinger, Kenneth
name: Goss, Noah
name: Naik, Ravi K.
name: Kreikebaum, John Mark
name: Santiago, David I.
name: Siddiqi, Irfan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contemporary methods for benchmarking noisy quantum processors typically measure average error rates or process infidelities. However, thresholds for fault-tolerant quantum error correction are given in terms of worst-case error rates -- defined via the diamond norm -- which can differ from average error rates by orders of magnitude. One method for resolving this discrepancy is to randomize the physical implementation of quantum gates, using techniques like randomized compiling (RC). In this work, we use gate set tomography to perform precision characterization of a set of two-qubit logic gates to study RC on a superconducting quantum processor. We find that, under RC, gate errors are accurately described by a stochastic Pauli noise model without coherent errors, and that spatially-correlated coherent errors and non-Markovian errors are strongly suppressed. We further show that the average and worst-case error rates are equal for randomly compiled gates, and measure a maximum worst-case error of 0.0197(3) for our gate set. Our results show that randomized benchmarks are a viable route to both verifying that a quantum processor's error rates are below a fault-tolerance threshold, and to bounding the failure rates of near-term algorithms, if -- and only if -- gates are implemented via randomization methods which tailor noise.
Patchy Pulsating Aurora and its Relationship to Cold Plasma in the Magnetospheric Equatorial Plane
Creators: name: Rae, Kyle
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Astronomy and Astrophysics
subject: Aurora
subject: Magnetosphere
subject: Plasmasphere
subject: Northern Lights
subject: Patchy Pulsating
subject: Plasma

description: Patchy pulsating aurora occur frequently after geomagnetic disturbances. These aurora consist of patches which are typically tens to one hundred or more kilometers in spatial extent. The patches sometimes pulsate (as their name suggests) quasi-periodically. The luminosity results from upper atmospheric atoms and molecules that have been excited by electrons that precipitate onto our atmosphere from above, however it is not known what process or processes lead to the formation of the patches, in particular their shape. In this thesis I investigate the origin of the shape of the patchy pulsating aurora. To accomplish this I have created a list of 53 instances of patchy pulsating aurora which I found using a network of all-sky cameras. For each event in this list I tracked the movement of and change in longitudinal extent of these auroral patches. As well, I used an empirical magnetic field model to map the patch shapes to the magnetic equatorial plane in the magnetosphere. I then assumed that the equatorial ``image'' of the patch is a structure in the equatorial plasma. I used the same magnetic field model, and an empirical model of the magnetospheric electric field to simulate the motion of charged particles within the patch image. Finally, I mapped the evolved equatorial patch image back to the ionosphere using the magnetic field model, so that I could compare the evolution of the simulated patch footprint to the evolution of the real patch. What I found was that the motion of the real patches corresponds well to that of the ionospheric footprint of the equatorial patches provided the particles within the patch are of relatively low energy. Further, I found that in order for the evolution of the shape of the simulated patches (as mapped into the ionosphere) to match that of the real patches, the range of energies of the particles must be extremely small.
How people interact in evolving online affiliation networks
Creators: name: Gallos, Lazaros K.
name: Rybski, Diego
name: Liljeros, Fredrik
name: Havlin, Shlomo
name: Makse, Hernan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The study of human interactions is of central importance for understanding the behavior of individuals, groups and societies. Here, we observe the formation and evolution of networks by monitoring the addition of all new links and we analyze quantitatively the tendencies used to create ties in these evolving online affiliation networks. We first show that an accurate estimation of these probabilistic tendencies can only be achieved by following the time evolution of the network. For example, actions that are attributed to the usual friend of a friend mechanism through a static snapshot of the network are overestimated by a factor of two. A detailed analysis of the dynamic network evolution shows that half of those triangles were generated through other mechanisms, in spite of the characteristic static pattern. We start by characterizing every single link when the tie was established in the network. This allows us to describe the probabilistic tendencies of tie formation and extract sociological conclusions as follows. The tendencies to add new links differ significantly from what we would expect if they were not affected by the individuals' structural position in the network, i.e., from random link formation. We also find significant differences in behavioral traits among individuals according to their degree of activity, gender, age, popularity and other attributes. For instance, in the particular datasets analyzed here, we find that women reciprocate connections three times as much as men and this difference increases with age. Men tend to connect with the most popular people more often than women across all ages. On the other hand, triangular ties tendencies are similar and independent of gender. Our findings can be useful to build models of realistic social network structures and discover the underlying laws that govern establishment of ties in evolving social networks.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Simulation Study of Steam-Solvent Phase Behaviour in Solvent Aided SAGD Process and Its Effect on Oil Recovery
Creators: name: Ji, Dongqi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Petroleum
subject: SAGD
subject: Solvent
subject: Phase Behaviour
subject: Mass transfer

description: In solvent aided Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), steam-solvent injection, which is a different process from that of a pure-steam process, significantly affects the steam-solvent phase behavior near the vapor-liquid interface. In this thesis, the phase behavior of the steam-solvent-bitumen system is studied in detail through simulation. It is discovered that solvent is dissolved in oil by gas-oil equilibrium near the vapor-liquid interface, rather than the mixing of bitumen and solvent condensate. The dissolved solvent is convectively delivered to the oil sand through the gravity drainage process, rather than the process of diffusion or dispersion. The effects of the solvent injection concentration and injection pressure on steam-solvent-bitumen behavior are analyzed. In addition, this study proposes a steam-solvent injection strategy to improve solvent aided SAGD performance through analysis of solvent concentration, pressure, solvent-type and solvent injection start time.
Ultrafast Laser Inscription of a 121-Waveguide Fan-Out for Astrophotonics
Creators: name: Thomson, R. R.
name: Harris, R. J.
name: Birks, T. A.
name: Brown, G.
name: Allington-Smith, J.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ultrafast laser inscription, we report the fabrication of a prototype three-dimensional 121-waveguide fan-out device capable of reformatting the output of a 120 core multicore fiber (MCF) into a one-dimensional linear array. When used in conjunction with an actual MCF, we demonstrate that the reformatting function using this prototype would result in an overall throughput loss of approximately 7.0 dB. However, if perfect coupling from the MCF into the fan-out could be achieved, the reformatting function would result in an overall loss of only approximately 1.7 dB. With adequate development, similar devices could efficiently reformat the output of so-called "photonic lanterns" fabricated using highly multicore fibers.
Duality between a deterministic cellular automaton and a bosonic quantum field theory in 1+1 dimensions
Creators: name: Hooft, Gerard 't
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods developed in a previous paper are employed to define an exact correspondence between the states of a deterministic cellular automaton in 1+1 dimensions and those of a bosonic quantum field theory. The result may be used to argue that quantum field theories may be much closer related to deterministic automata than what is usually thought possible. Version 2 had a minor typo corrected and notation was made more consistent.
description: 18 pages (incl. Title page). No figures
Isospin-dependent nucleon-nucleon cross section and symmetry energy: sensitivity towards collective transverse flow
Creators: name: Gautam, Sakshi
name: Puri, Rajeev K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the sensitivity of isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon cross section and symmetry energy on the collective transverse in-plane flow. We find that collective transverse flow in Ca+Ca reactions shows great sensitivity to isospin dependence of nn cross section and symmetry energy.
description: submitted to DAE symposium on Nuclear Physics December 26-30, 2011, Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India
title: Black Sea Freezing and Winter Severity: Relation to the Temperature
Creators: name: Matov, Mirna
name: Peneva, Elisaveta
name: Georgieva, Greta
Publisher: name: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 134-143
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Black Sea freezing is observed regularly in the northern part and near the Kerch Strait. The reason is the relatively shallow northwestern shelf part and the river inflow of the three major European rivers Danube, Dniepr and Dniestr, carrying large amount of fresh water to this part of the Black Sea. The observed global warming in the latest decades makes these episodes less intense. In 2012 and 2017 the sea ice extended unusually south. The aim of this study is to fill the gap of recent analysis on the Northern Black Sea areas covered regularly with ice. Based on the coastal meteorological stations measurements, we investigate the interannual-to-decadal variability of the thermal regime.The relation with the sea-ice cover based on satellite observations is studied. We define various categories of winter conditions depending on the number of cold days.
description: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 134-143
Additional file 8 of Insights into 6S RNA in lactic acid bacteria (LAB)
Creators: name: Cataldo, Pablo Gabriel
name: Klemm, Paul
name: Thüring, Marietta
name: Saavedra, Lucila
name: Hebert, Elvira Maria
name: Hartmann, Roland K.
name: Lechner, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 8 6S RNA evidence in Weissella (pdf). RNA-Seq data, genomic context and sequences of putative 6S RNA loci in Weissella.
Density and concentration field description of nonperiodic structures
Creators: name: Menzel, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a simple nonlocal energy functional that is suitable for the continuum field characterization of nonperiodic and localized textures. The phenomenological functional is based on the pairwise direction-dependent interaction of field gradients that are separated by a fixed distance. In an appendix, we describe the numerical minimization of our functional. On that basis, we investigate the kinetic evolution of thread-like stripe patterns that are created by the functional when we start from an initially disordered state. At later stages, we find a coarse-graining that shows the same scaling behavior as was obtained for the Cahn-Hilliard equation. In fact, the Cahn-Hilliard model is contained in our characterization as a limiting case. A slight modification of our model omits this coarse-graining and leads to nonperiodic stripe phases. For the latter case, we investigate the temporal evolution of the defects (end points) of the thread-like stripes. In view of possible applications of this functional, we discuss a possible characterization of polymeric systems and vesicles. The statistics of the growth of the thread-like structures is compared to the case of step-growth polymerization reactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the functional may be applied for the study of vesicles in a continuum field description. Basic features, such as the tendency of tank-treading in simple shear flows and parachute folding in pipe flows, are reproduced.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures
On the vertex index of convex bodies
Creators: name: Bezdek, Karoly
name: Litvak, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the vertex index, vein(K), of a given centrally symmetric convex body K, which, in a sense, measures how well K can be inscribed into a convex polytope with small number of vertices. This index is closely connected to the illumination parameter of a body, introduced earlier by the first named author, and, thus, related to the famous conjecture in Convex Geometry about covering of a d-dimensional body by 2^d smaller positively homothetic copies. We provide asymptotically sharp estimates (up to a logarithmic term) of this index in the general case. Also, we provide sharp estimates in dimensions 2 and 3.
description: 20 pages