cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparison of low amplitude oscillatory shear in experimental and computational studies of model foams
Creators: name: Lundberg, Micah
name: Krishan, Kapilanjan
name: Xu, Ning
name: O'Hern, Corey
name: Dennin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental difference between fluids and solids is their response to applied shear. Solids possess static shear moduli, while fluids do not. Complex fluids such as foams display an intermediate response to shear with nontrivial frequency-dependent shear moduli. In this manuscript, we conduct coordinated experiments and numerical simulations of model foams subjected to boundary-driven oscillatory, planar shear. Our studies are performed on bubble rafts (experiments) and the bubble model (simulations) in 2D. We focus on the low-amplitude flow regime in which T1 bubble rearrangement events do not occur, yet the system transitions from solid- to liquid-like behavior as the driving frequency is increased. In both simulations and experiments, we observe two distinct flow regimes. At low frequencies $ω$, the velocity profile of the bubbles increases linearly with distance from the stationary wall, and there is a nonzero total phase shift between the moving boundary and interior bubbles. In this frequency regime, the total phase shift scales as a power-law $Δ\sim ω^n$ with $n \approx 3$. In contrast, for frequencies above a crossover frequency $ω> ω_{p}$, the total phase shift $Δ$ scales linearly with the driving frequency. At even higher frequencies above a characteristic frequency $ω_{nl} > ω_{p}$, the velocity profile changes from linear to nonlinear. We fully characterize this transition from solid- to liquid-like flow behavior in both the simulations and experiments, and find qualitative and quantitative agreement for the characteristic frequencies.
Degeneracy and defectiveness in non-Hermitian systems with open boundary
Creators: name: Fu, Yongxu
name: Wan, Shaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a systematically general theory of one-dimensional (1D) non-Hermitian systems, elaborating on the energy bands, the band degeneracy, and the defectiveness of eigenstates under open boundary conditions. We analyze the band degeneracy and defectiveness of two typical 1D non-Hermitian models. We obtain the unusual presence and absence of the exceptional points in the generalized non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model under open boundary conditions. Beyond the general theory, we discover that infernal points exist in 1D non-Hermitian systems, where the energy spectra under open boundary conditions converge on some discrete energy values. We analyze two relevant 1D non-Hermitian models with the existence of infernal points. Moreover, we generalize the infernal points to the infernal knots in four-dimensional systems. The general theory and the infernal points of non-Hermitian systems developed in this paper are also valid in Hermitian systems.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
b-Quark Production in Proton-Proton Collisions at Center of Mass Energies of 510 GeV in the PHENIX Detector at RHIC
Creators: name: Haseler, Tristan Oliver Scott
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: phenix
heavy flavor
bottom
dimuon
p + p
correlations
cnm effects

description: This thesis presents measurement of b ̄b measured through the semi-leptonic decay like-sign dimuon signal, in the rapidity range 1.2<|y|<2.2 and at √s= 510 GeV from data recorded in 2013 at the PHENIX experiment. This cross section measurement serves as a baseline to investigate the effects of CNM (in small asymmetric collisions) and to study the HNM effects (in larger collision systems) on bottom quark production.
Thorium-doping induced superconductivity up to 56 K in Gd1-xThxFeAsO
Creators: name: Wang, Cao
name: Li, Linjun
name: Chi, Shun
name: Zhu, Zengwei
name: Ren, Zhi
name: Li, Yuke
name: Wang, Yuetao
name: Lin, Xiao
name: Luo, Yongkang
name: Jiang, Shuai
name: Xu, Xiangfan
name: Cao, Guanghan
name: Xu, Zhu'an
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the discovery of superconductivity in an iron-based arsenide LaO1-xFxFeAs with a superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of 26 K[1], Tc was pushed up surprisingly to above 40 K by either applying pressure[2] or replacing La with Sm[3], Ce[4], Nd[5] and Pr[6]. The maximum Tc has climbed to 55 K, observed in SmO1-xFxFeAs[7, 8] and SmFeAsO1-x[9]. The value of Tc was found to increase with decreasing lattice parameters in LnFeAsO1-xFx (Ln stands for the lanthanide elements) at an apparently optimal doping level. However, the F- doping in GdFeAsO is particularly difficult[10,11] due to the lattice mismatch between the Gd2O2 layers and Fe2As2 layers. Here we report observation of superconductivity with Tc as high as 56 K by the Th4+ substitution for Gd3+ in GdFeAsO. The incorporation of relatively large Th4+ ions relaxes the lattice mismatch, hence induces the high temperature superconductivity.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Dust formation in electric arc furnace : birth of the particles
Creators: name: Guézennec, A. G.
name: Huber, J. C.
name: Patisson, F.
name: Sessiecq, P.
name: Birat, J. P.
name: Ablitzer, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterization of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) dust shows that bubble burst at the liquid steel surface is the principal source of dust emission. We have therefore developed an experimental device for studying this phenomenon. As in the case of the air-water system, the bubble-burst gives birth to two types of droplets: film drops and jet drops. The jet drop formation is observed with high-speed video. The film drop aerosol is collected on filters and then characterized by means of SEM, granulometric and gravimetric analyses. Results are presented and discussed. The quantification of both types of projections leads to the conclusion that the film drop projections represent the major source of dust. The amount of film drops greatly decreases with the parent bubble size. Under 4.5 mm in bubble diameter, no film drops are formed. Decreasing enough the bubble size would therefore represent an effective solution for reducing drastically the EAF dust emission.
Effective Field Theory for Inflation
Creators: name: Weinberg, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The methods of effective field theory are used to study generic theories of inflation with a single inflaton field. For scalar modes, the leading corrections to the ${\cal R}$ correlation function are found to be purely of the $k$-inflation type. For tensor modes the leading corrections to the correlation function arise from terms in the action that are quadratic in the curvature, including a parity-violating term that makes the propagation of these modes depend on their helicity. These methods are also briefly applied to non-generic theories of inflation with an extra shift symmetry, as in so-called ghost inflation.
description: 14 pages, Latex, references added and minor additions and corrections made
Dynamically Induced Zeeman Effect in Massless QED
Creators: name: Ferrer, Efrain J.
name: de la Incera, Vivian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that in non-perturbative massless QED an anomalous magnetic moment is dynamically induced by an applied magnetic field. The induced magnetic moment produces a Zeeman splitting for electrons in Landau levels higher than $l=0$. The expressions for the non-perturbative Lande g-factor and Bohr magneton are obtained. Possible applications of this effect are outlined.
description: Extensively revised version with several misprints and formulas corrected. In this new version we included the non-perturbative Lande g-factor and Bohr magneton
Polariton-polariton scattering: exact results through a novel approach
Creators: name: Combescot, M.
name: Dupertuis, M. -A.
name: Betbeder-Matibet, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fully microscopic approach to the transition rate of two exciton-photon polaritons. The non-trivial consequences of the polariton composite nature -- here treated exactly through a development of our composite-exciton many-body theory -- lead to results noticeably different from the ones of the conventional approaches in which polaritons are mapped into elementary bosons. Our work reveals an appealing fundamental scattering which corresponds to a photon-assisted exchange -- in the absence of Coulomb process. This scattering being dominant when one of the scattered polaritons has a strong photon character, it should be directly accessible to experiment. In the case of microcavity polaritons, it produces a significant enhancement of the polariton transition rate when compared to the one coming from Coulomb interaction. This paper also contains the crucial tools to securely tackle the many-body physics of polaritons, in particular towards its possible BEC.
description: To be published in Europhysics Letters
Topology effects on the heat capacity of mesoscopic superconducting disks
Creators: name: Ong, F. R.
name: Bourgeois, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions in superconducting mesoscopic disks have been studied over the H-T phase diagram through heat capacity measurement of an array of independent aluminium disks. These disks exhibit non periodic modulations versus H of the height of the heat capacity jump at the superconducting to normal transition. This behaviour is attributed to giant vortex states characterized by their vorticity L. A crossover from a bulk-like to a mesoscopic behaviour is demonstrated. $C_{\rm p}$ versus H plots exhibit cascades of phase transitions as L increases or decreases by one unity, with a strong hysteresis. Phase diagrams of giant vortex states inside the superconducting region are drawn in the vortex penetration and expulsion regimes and phase transitions driven by temperature between vortex states are thus predicted in the zero field cooled regime before being experimentally evidenced.
Optical position meters analyzed in the non-inertial reference frames
Creators: name: Tarabrin, Sergey P.
name: Seleznyov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of General Relativity we develop a method for analysis of the operation of the optical position meters in their photodetectors proper reference frames. These frames are non-inertial in general due to the action of external fluctuative forces on meters test masses, including detectors. For comparison we also perform the calculations in the laboratory (globally inertial) reference frame and demonstrate that for certain optical schemes laboratory-based analysis results in unmeasurable quantities, in contrast to the detector-based analysis. We also calculate the response of the simplest optical meters to weak plane gravitational waves and fluctuative motions of their test masses. It is demonstrated that for the round-trip meter analysis in both the transverse-traceless (TT) and local Lorentz (LL) gauges produces equal results, while for the forward-trip meter corresponding results differ in accordance with different physical assumptions (e.g. procedure of clocks synchronization) implicitly underlying the construction of the TT and LL gauges.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; co-author added, added section VC with discussion of procedures of clocks synchronization, corrected sign in old Eq.17 (currently it is Eq.18)
(Co)cyclic (co)homology of bialgebroids: An approach via (co)monads
Creators: name: Böhm, Gabriella
name: Stefan, Dragos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30, 16E40

description: For a (co)monad T_l on a category M, an object X in M, and a functor Π: M \to C, there is a (co)simplex Z^*:=ΠT_l^{* +1} X in C. Our aim is to find criteria for para-(co)cyclicity of Z^*. Construction is built on a distributive law of T_l with a second (co)monad T_r on M, a natural transformation i:ΠT_l \to ΠT_r, and a morphism w: T_r X \to T_l X in M. The relations i and w need to satisfy are categorical versions of Kaygun's axioms of a transposition map. Motivation comes from the observation that a (co)ring T over an algebra R determines a distributive law of two (co)monads T_l=T \otimes_R (-) and T_r = (-)\otimes_R T on the category of R-bimodules. The functor Πcan be chosen such that Z^n= T\hat{\otimes}_R... \hat{\otimes}_R T \hat{\otimes}_R X is the cyclic R-module tensor product. A natural transformation i:T \hat{\otimes}_R (-) \to (-) \hat{\otimes}_R T is given by the flip map and a morphism w: X \otimes_R T \to T\otimes_R X is constructed whenever T is a (co)module algebra or coring of an R-bialgebroid. Stable anti Yetter-Drinfel'd modules over certain bialgebroids, so called x_R-Hopf algebras, are introduced. In the particular example when T is a module coring of a x_R-Hopf algebra B and X is a stable anti Yetter-Drinfel'd B-module, the para-cyclic object Z_* is shown to project to a cyclic structure on T^{\otimes_R *+1} \otimes_B X. For a B-Galois extension S \to T, a stable anti Yetter-Drinfel'd B-module T_S is constructed, such that the cyclic objects B^{\otimes_R *+1} \otimes_B T_S and T^ {\hat{\otimes}_S *+1} are isomorphic. As an application, we compute Hochschild and cyclic homology of a groupoid with coefficients, by tracing it back to the group case. In particular, we obtain explicit expressions for ordinary Hochschild and cyclic homology of a groupoid.
description: LaTeX file, 39 pages, 4 eps figures. v2: significantly extended, a new section about cyclic homology of groupoids added. v3: final version, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys
Additional file 1 of Que(e) rying undergraduate medical curricula: a cross-sectional online survey of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer content inclusion in UK undergraduate medical education
Creators: name: Tollemache, Nicholas
name: Shrewsbury, Duncan
name: Llewellyn, Carrie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Spectral Response Measurement of Tandem Modules
Creators: name: Baumgartner, F.P.
name: Schär, D.
name: Achtnich, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3022-3026
description: The measurement of the spectral photo current of stacked solar cells using semiconductor materials with a lower bandgap material as the bottom cell and a higher bandgap material as the top cell, like the a-Si/uc-Si tandem solar cell, is needed to conduct high accurate nominal power measurements. The prediction of the annual energy yield of tandem cell concepts also depends on the current matching of the top and bottom cell at standard STC spectra, not only on the STC nominal power. Thus the customers have to know if the optimal current matching is reached at STC AM 1.5 spectra or at a spectrum shifted more to the red or to the blue. The spectral photo current measurement is a standard on the small square centimeter cell area, especially in research labs, mostly using monochromatic light and colored bias light.  In this paper we report the successful measurement results of the photocurrent of large area square meter sized tandem modules at wavelength between 400 and 1100nm using 50nm bandpass filters and blue and infrared LED bias light. Additionally a new measurement method is successfully introduced to measure changes of the short circuit current of a tandem modules using a dynamic changing LED bias light together with STC flasher light during a few milliseconds or without flasher light. Analyzing the characteristics of the measured tandem module current within a few milliseconds it can be clearly seen if the module is top or bottom limited, even the degree of mismatch is able to be characterized precisely. Thus the later analysis has the potential to be implemented as a standard measurement procedure within the end test of a tandem module production line. Even existing standard flasher may be adapted, without changing the existing flasher light source, by mounting the additional LED bias light source to perform different characteristics of dynamic bias light.
Spectral stability for a class of fourth order Steklov problems under domain perturbations
Creators: name: Ferrero, Alberto
name: Lamberti, Pier Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the spectral stability of two fourth order Steklov problems upon domain perturbation. One of the two problems is the classical DBS - Dirichlet Biharmonic Steklov - problem, the other one is a variant. Under a comparatively weak condition on the convergence of the domains, we prove the stability of the resolvent operators for both problems, which implies the stability of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. The stability estimates for the eigenfunctions are expressed in terms of the strong $H^2$-norms. The analysis is carried out without assuming that the domains are star-shaped. Our condition turns out to be sharp at least for the variant of the DBS problem. In the case of the DBS problem, we prove stability of a suitable Dirichlet-to-Neumann type map under very weak conditions on the convergence of the domains and we formulate an open problem. As bypass product of our analysis, we provide some stability and instability results for Navier and Navier-type boundary value problems for the biharmonic operator.
HADES RV programme with HARPS-N at TNG XIV. A candidate super-Earth orbiting the M-dwarf GJ 9689 with a period close to half the stellar rotation period
Creators: name: Maldonado, J.
name: Petralia, A.
name: Damasso, M.
name: Pinamonti, M.
name: Scandariato, G.
name: González-Álvarez, E.
name: Affer, L.
name: Micela, G.
name: Lanza, A. F.
name: Leto, G.
name: Poretti, E.
name: Sozzetti, A.
name: Perger, M.
name: Giacobbe, P.
name: Sánchez, R. Zanmar
name: Maggio, A.
name: Hernández, J. I. González
name: Rebolo, R.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Suárez-Mascareño, A.
name: Toledo-Padrón, B.
name: Bignamini, A.
name: Molinari, E.
name: Covino, E.
name: Claudi, R.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Herrero, E.
name: Morales, J. C.
name: Pagano, I.
name: Piotto, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. It is now well-established that small, rocky planets are common around low-mass stars. However, the detection of such planets is challenged by the short-term activity of the host stars. Aims. The HArps-N red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey (HADES) program is a long-term project at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo aimed at the monitoring of nearby, early-type, M dwarfs, using the HARPS-N spectrograph to search for small, rocky planets. Methods. A total of 174 HARPS-N spectroscopic observations of the M0.5V-type star GJ 9689 taken over the past seven years have been analysed. We combined these data with photometric measurements to disentangle signals related to the stellar activity of the star from possible Keplerian signals in the radial velocity data. We run an MCMC analysis, applying Gaussian Process regression techniques to model the signals present in the data. Results. We identify two periodic signals in the radial velocity time series, with periods of 18.27 d, and 39.31 d. The analysis of the activity indexes, photometric data, and wavelength dependency of the signals reveals that the 39.31 d signal corresponds to the stellar rotation period. On the other hand, the 18.27 d signal shows no relation to any activity proxy or the first harmonic of the rotation period. We, therefore, identify it as a genuine Keplerian signal. The best-fit model describing the newly found planet, GJ 9689 b, corresponds to an period P$_{\rm b}$ = 18.27 $\pm$ 0.01 d, and a minimum mass M$_{\rm P}\sin i$ = 9.65 $\pm$ 1.41 M$_{\oplus}$.
description: Accepted by A&A
Ising and Spin orders in Iron-based Superconductors
Creators: name: Xu, Cenke
name: Mueller, Markus
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent neutron scattering experiments, we study the ordering of spins in the iron-based superconductors La(O_{1-x}F_x)FeAs, assuming them in proximity to a Mott insulator in the phase diagram. The ground state of the parent system with x = 0 is a spin density wave with ordering wave vector Q = (0, π) or (π, 0). Upon raising the temperature, we find the system to restore SU(2) symmetry, while an Ising symmetry remains broken, explaining the experimentally observed lattice distortion to a monoclinic crystal structure. Upon further temperature increase, the spins finally disorder at a second transition. The phase transition driven by doping with charge carriers similarly splits into an O(3) transition, and an Ising transition with z = 3 at larger doping.
description: 4.5 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 2 of Que(e) rying undergraduate medical curricula: a cross-sectional online survey of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer content inclusion in UK undergraduate medical education
Creators: name: Tollemache, Nicholas
name: Shrewsbury, Duncan
name: Llewellyn, Carrie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Additional file 1 of A graph-based algorithm for detecting rigid domains in protein structures
Creators: name: Dang, Truong Khanh Linh
name: Nguyen, Thach
name: Habeck, Michael
name: Gültas, Mehmet
name: Waack, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: The support information includes the follows. The first section is the analyses of inconsistency error of reduced graph. The second section is the analyses of signal enhancement by coarse graining. The third section contains PDB codes of Lysozyme protein. The fourth section is the analyses of the running time.
Additional file 1 of Functional identification of an opsin kinase underlying inactivation of the pineal bistable opsin parapinopsin in zebrafish
Creators: name: Baoguo Shen
name: Wada, Seiji
name: Nishioka, Haruka
name: Nagata, Takashi
name: Kawano-Yamashita, Emi
name: Koyanagi, Mitsumasa
name: Terakita, Akihisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure S1. In situ hybridization of opsin kinases in the zebrafish pineal organ. In situ hybridization showing the mRNA expression of different opsin kinases (GRK1b, GRK7a, and GRK7b) in the pineal organs of adult zebrafish. The rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) sides are shown. The scale bar represents 50 μm.
Additional file 2 of Functional identification of an opsin kinase underlying inactivation of the pineal bistable opsin parapinopsin in zebrafish
Creators: name: Baoguo Shen
name: Wada, Seiji
name: Nishioka, Haruka
name: Nagata, Takashi
name: Kawano-Yamashita, Emi
name: Koyanagi, Mitsumasa
name: Terakita, Akihisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure S2. Trial of double-fluorescence in situ hybridization in the zebrafish pineal organ using antisense probes for opsin kinases and PP1. Remarkably strong PP1, but not GRK, signals were observed in the zebrafish pineal organs. (a) GRK1b, (b) GRK7a, and (c) GRK7b. The rostral (R), caudal (C), dorsal (D), and ventral (V) sides are shown. The scale bar represents 50 μm.
Comment on: "Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states from the interaction of the magnetic quadrupole moment of a neutral particle with axial fields". Phys. Rev. A 101, 032102 (2020)
Creators: name: Fernández, Francisco M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze recently published results about the Aharonov-Bohm effect for bound states from the interaction of the magnetic quadrupole moment of a neutral particle with axial fields. We show that the eigenvalues obtained by the authors from an arbitrary truncation of the Frobenius power series correspond to more than one model and, consequently, are unsuitable for drawing any sound physical conclusion. Besides, the prediction of allowed oscillator frequencies is a mere consequence of the truncation condition just mentioned.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2010.04997
Disentangling spin, anomalous and planar Hall effects in ferromagnetic/heavy metal nanostructures
Creators: name: Groen, Inge
name: Pham, Van Tuong
name: Leo, Naëmi
name: Marty, Alain
name: Hueso, Luis E.
name: Casanova, Fèlix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetic (FM)/heavy metal (HM) nanostructures can be used for the magnetic state readout in the proposed magneto-electric spin-orbit logic by locally injecting a spin-polarized current and measure the spin-to-charge conversion via the spin Hall effect. However, this local configuration is prone to spurious signals. In this work, we address spurious Hall effects that can contaminate the spin Hall signal in these FM/HM T-shaped nanostructures. The most pronounced Hall effects in our Co50Fe50/Pt nanostructures are the planar Hall effect and the anomalous Hall effect generated in the FM nanowire. We find that the planar Hall effect, induced by misalignment between magnetization and current direction in the FM wire, is manifested as a shift in the measured baseline resistance, but does not alter the spin Hall signal. In contrast, the anomalous Hall effect, arising from the charge current distribution within the FM, adds to the spin Hall signal. However, the effect can be made insignificant by minimizing the shunting effect via proper design of the device. We conclude that local spin injection in FM/HM nanostructures is a suitable tool for measuring spin Hall signals and, therefore, a valid method for magnetic state readout in prospective spin-based logic.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 3 of Functional identification of an opsin kinase underlying inactivation of the pineal bistable opsin parapinopsin in zebrafish
Creators: name: Baoguo Shen
name: Wada, Seiji
name: Nishioka, Haruka
name: Nagata, Takashi
name: Kawano-Yamashita, Emi
name: Koyanagi, Mitsumasa
name: Terakita, Akihisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Figure S3. Morpholino oligo (MO)-mediated knockdown of different GRKs in zebrafish larvae. (a) Images showing whole bodies of 5 dpf larvae injected with control or different GRK MO2s. Scale bar represents 1 mm. (b) Dorsal view of the pineal organ of 5 dpf larvae injected with control or different GRK MO2s. Landmarks indicate the pineal organ. Scale bar represents 100 μm. (c) Quantitative analyses of pineal size in different GRK MO2- or control MO-injected larvae. The error bars indicate the standard error. Significance scores represent P values determined by Wilcoxon rank sum test (NS, nonsignificant, P > 0.05).
Multi-scale analysis of the electromagnetic self-force in a weak gravitational field
Creators: name: Pound, Adam
name: Poisson, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the motion of a charged particle in a weak gravitational field. In addition to the Newtonian gravity exerted by a large central body, the particle is subjected to an electromagnetic self-force that contains both a conservative piece and a radiation-reaction piece. This toy problem shares many of the features of the strong-field gravitational self-force problem, and it is sufficiently simple that it can be solved exactly with numerical methods, and approximately with analytical methods. We submit the equations of motion to a multi-scale analysis, and we examine the roles of the conservative and radiation-reaction pieces of the self-force. We show that the radiation-reaction force drives secular changes in the orbit's semilatus rectum and eccentricity, while the conservative force drives a secular regression of the periapsis and affects the orbital time function; neglect of the conservative term can hence give rise to an important phasing error. We next examine what might be required in the formulation of a reliable adiabatic approximation for the orbital evolution; this would capture all secular changes in the orbit and discard all irrelevant oscillations. We conclude that such an approximation would be very difficult to formulate without prior knowledge of the exact solution.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, final version to be published in Physical Review D
Relevance of Ge incorporation to control the physical behaviour of point defects in kesterite
Creators: name: Ratz, Thomas
name: Nguyen, Ngoc Duy
name: Brammertz, Guy
name: Vermang, Bart
name: Raty, Jean-Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To reduce the prominent VOC-deficit that limits kesterite-based solar cells efficiencies, Ge has been proposed over the recent years with encouraging results, as the reduction of the non-radiative recombination rate is considered as a way to improve the well-known Sn-kesterite world record efficiency. To gain further insight into this mechanism, we investigate the physical behaviour of intrinsic point defects both upon Ge doping and alloying of Cu2ZnSnS4 kesterite. Using a first-principles approach, we confirm the p-type conductivity of both Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnGeS4, attributed to the low formation energies of the VCu and CuZn acceptor defects within the whole stable phase diagram range. Via doping of the Sn-kesterite matrix, we report the lowest formation energy for the substitutional defect GeSn. We also confirm the detrimental role of the substitutional defects XZn (X=Sn,Ge) acting as recombination centres within the Sn-based, the Ge-doped and the Ge-based kesterite. Finally, we highlight the reduction of the lattice distortion upon Ge incorporation resulting in a reduction of the carrier capture cross section and consequently a decrease of the non-radiative recombination rate within the bulk material.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, Journal of Materials Chemistry A (2022)
Additional file 2 of Spinal cord NLRP1 inflammasome contributes to dry skin induced chronic itch in mice
Creators: name: Fan, Jun-Juan
name: Gao, Bo
name: Song, Ao-Qi
name: Zhu, Ya-Jing
name: Zhou, Jun
name: Li, Wei-Zu
name: Yin, Yan-Yan
name: Wu, Wen-Ning
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Effects of AEW treatment on inflammatory cytokines in the skin of mice. Statistical results showing AEW treatment increased the content of IL-1β(A), IL-18 (B), IL-6 (C) and TNF-α (D) in the skin. Data are expressed as means ± SEM, n=4, *P< 0.05 and **P<0.01 vs control group.
Bow Analysis After Soldering Process for Silicon Solar Cell with Special Bus Bar Pattern Design
Creators: name: Tsai, P.-H.
name: Chang, Y.N.
name: Chen, C.W.
name: Chen, W.-P.
name: Wu, C.-H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues and Processing

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 845-847
description: In order to reduce the multi-crystalline cell manufacturing costs, thinner wafer and a special bus bar
design with less Ag usage are adopted. Therefore, the bowing problem becomes more important in the soldering
process. In soldering process, the temperature raises to about 200 degrees Celsius. While copper ribbon contracts
after soldering, different coefficients of thermal expansion between copper ribbon and silicon lead to mechanical
stresses act on the wafer, which makes wafer bowing. Wafer under large bowing may either break in soldering
process or crack in module process hence reduces the reliability of module. Thus for a better soldering performance,
reducing the bowing is the main target. In this model bus bar in real side of cell is designed as 6 dashed lines pattern
with only half Ag usage. In front side, bus bar remains continuous line pattern. Compare with general cell with
continuous line bus bar in the same soldering condition, bowing of dashed pattern increased by 1~2 mm. The goal of
this work was to investigate a theoretical model to estimate wafer bowing increment induced in soldering process.
Moreover, the bowing can be improved by either modifying parameters in soldering or modifying dashed line
patterns.
Is research with qualitative data more prevalent and impactful now? Interviews, case studies, focus groups and ethnographies
Creators: name: Thelwall, Mike
name: Nevill, Tamara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Researchers, editors, educators and publishers need to understand the mix of research methods used in their field to guide decision making, with a current concern being that qualitative research is threatened by big data. Although there have been many studies of the prevalence of different methods within individual narrow fields, there have been no systematic studies across academia. In response, this article assesses the prevalence and citation impact of academic research 1996-2019 that reports one of four common methods to gather qualitative data: interviews; focus groups; case studies; ethnography. The results show that, with minor exceptions, the prevalence of qualitative data has increased, often substantially, since 1996. In addition, all 27 broad fields (as classified by Scopus) now publish some qualitative research, with interviewing being by far the most common approach. This suggest that qualitative methods teaching and should increase, and researchers, editors and publishers should be increasingly open to the value that qualitative data can bring.
description: This is a preprint before refereeing of an accepted paper to appear in Library and Information Science Research. The data and figures and main findings are identical in the final version after refereeing. Library & Information Science Research (2021)
Progress and Challenges in Ab Initio Simulations of Quantum Nuclei in Weakly Bonded Systems
Creators: name: Rossi, Mariana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomistic simulations based on the first-principles of quantum mechanics are reaching unprecedented length scales. This progress is due to the growth in computational power allied with the development of new methodologies that allow the treatment of electrons and nuclei as quantum particles. In the realm of materials science, where the quest for desirable emergent properties relies increasingly on soft weakly-bonded materials, such methods have become indispensable. In this perspective, an overview of simulation methods that are applicable for large system sizes and that can capture the quantum nature of electrons and nuclei in the adiabatic approximation is given. In addition, the remaining challenges are discussed, especially regarding the inclusion of nuclear quantum effects (NQE) beyond a harmonic or perturbative treatment, the impact of NQE on electronic properties of weakly-bonded systems, and how different first-principles potential energy surfaces can change the impact of NQE on the atomic structure and dynamics of weakly bonded systems.
description: 5 figures
Multifunctional high-frequency circuit capabilities of ambipolar carbon nanotube FETs
Creators: name: Ramos-Silva, Javier Noe
name: Pacheco-Sanchez, Anibal
name: Ramirez-Garcia, Eloy
name: Jimenez, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An experimentally-calibrated carbon nanotube compact transistor model has been used here to design two high-frequency (HF) circuits with two different functionalities each: a phase configurable amplifier (PCA) and a frequency configurable amplifier (FCA). The former design involves an in-phase amplifier and an inverting amplifier while the latter design embraces a frequency doubler as well as a distinct inverting amplifier. The specific functionality selection of each of the two HF circuit designs is enabled mainly by the inherent ambipolar feature at a device level. Furthermore, at a circuit level the matching networks are the same regardless the operation mode. In-phase and inverting amplification are enabled in the PCA by switching the gate-to-source voltage (VGS) from -0.3 V to 0.9 V while the drain-to-source voltage (VDS) remains at 3 V. By designing carefully the matching and stability networks, power gains of 4.5 dB and 6.7 dB at 2.4 GHz for the in-phase and inverting operation mode have been achieved, respectively. The FCA, in its frequency doubler operation mode, exhibits 20 dBc of fundamental-harmonic suppression at 2.4 GHz when an input signal at 1.2 GHz is considered. This frequency doubler functionality is enabled at VGS=0.3 V, whereas at VGS=0.9 V amplification of 4.5 dB is obtained while VDS remains at 3 V in both cases. In both configurable circuits the stabilization and matching networks are the same regardless the bias-chosen operation mode. The circuits performance degradation due to metallic tubes in the device channel is studied as well as the impact of non-ideal inductors in each design. PCA and FCA operation modes are further exploited in high-frequency modulators.
Cascade of the delocalization transition in a non-Hermitian interpolating Aubry-Andr{é}-Fibonacci chain
Creators: name: Zhai, Liang-Jun
name: Huang, Guang-Yao
name: Yin, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the interplay of the non-Herimiticity and the cascade of delocalization transition in the quasi-periodic chain is studied. The study is applied in a non-Hermitian interpolating Aubry-Andr{é}-Fibonacci (IAAF) model, which combines the non-Hermitian Aubry-Andr{é} (AA) model and the non-Hermitian Fibonacci model through a varying parameter, and the non-Hermiticity in this model is introduced by the non-reciprocal hopping. In the non-Hermitian AA limit, the system undergoes a delocalization transition by tuning the potential strength. At the critical point, the spatial distribution of the critical state shows a self-similar structure with the relative distance between the peaks being the Fibonacci sequence, and the finite-size scaling of the inverse participation ratios $({\rm IPRs})$ of the critical ground state with lattice size $L$ shows that ${\rm IPR}_g\propto L^{-0.1189}$. In the non-Hermitian Fibonacci limit, we find that the system is always in the extended phase. Along the continuous deformation from the non-Hermitian AA model into the non-Hermitian Fibonacci model in the IAAF model, the cascade of the delocalization transition is found, but only a few plateaux appear. Moreover, the self-similar structure of spatial distribution for the critical modes along the cascade transition is also found. In addition, we find that the delocalization transition and the real-complex transition for the excited states happen at almost the same parameter. Our results show that the non-Hermiticity provides an additional knob to control the cascade of the delocalization transition besides the on-site potential.
Multitasking Deep Learning Model for Detection of Five Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy
Creators: name: Majumder, Sharmin
name: Kehtarnavaz, Nasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a multitask deep learning model to detect all the five stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) consisting of no DR, mild DR, moderate DR, severe DR, and proliferate DR. This multitask model consists of one classification model and one regression model, each with its own loss function. Noting that a higher severity level normally occurs after a lower severity level, this dependency is taken into consideration by concatenating the classification and regression models. The regression model learns the inter-dependency between the stages and outputs a score corresponding to the severity level of DR generating a higher score for a higher severity level. After training the regression model and the classification model separately, the features extracted by these two models are concatenated and inputted to a multilayer perceptron network to classify the five stages of DR. A modified Squeeze Excitation Densely Connected deep neural network is developed to implement this multitasking approach. The developed multitask model is then used to detect the five stages of DR by examining the two large Kaggle datasets of APTOS and EyePACS. A multitasking transfer learning model based on Xception network is also developed to evaluate the proposed approach by classifying DR into five stages. It is found that the developed model achieves a weighted Kappa score of 0.90 and 0.88 for the APTOS and EyePACS datasets, respectively, higher than any existing methods for detection of the five stages of DR
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 13 tables
Utilising Flow Aggregation to Classify Benign Imitating Attacks
Creators: name: Hindy, Hanan
name: Atkinson, Robert
name: Tachtatzis, Christos
name: Bayne, Ethan
name: Bures, Miroslav
name: Bellekens, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber-attacks continue to grow, both in terms of volume and sophistication. This is aided by an increase in available computational power, expanding attack surfaces, and advancements in the human understanding of how to make attacks undetectable. Unsurprisingly, machine learning is utilised to defend against these attacks. In many applications, the choice of features is more important than the choice of model. A range of studies have, with varying degrees of success, attempted to discriminate between benign traffic and well-known cyber-attacks. The features used in these studies are broadly similar and have demonstrated their effectiveness in situations where cyber-attacks do not imitate benign behaviour. To overcome this barrier, in this manuscript, we introduce new features based on a higher level of abstraction of network traffic. Specifically, we perform flow aggregation by grouping flows with similarities. This additional level of feature abstraction benefits from cumulative information, thus qualifying the models to classify cyber-attacks that mimic benign traffic. The performance of the new features is evaluated using the benchmark CICIDS2017 dataset, and the results demonstrate their validity and effectiveness. This novel proposal will improve the detection accuracy of cyber-attacks and also build towards a new direction of feature extraction for complex ones.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Rate of neuropathic progression in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy and other peripheral neuropathies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xiaochen Lin
name: Yarlas, Aaron
name: Vera-Llonch, Montserrat
name: Nishtha Baranwal
name: Biber, Josh
name: Brown, Duncan
name: Vogt, Braden
name: Karam, Chafic
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Weighted Mean Annual Rate of Change in NIS and NIS-LL Total Scores in Studies of Patients with CMT, DPN, and ATTRv-PN – Sensitivity Analyses. Supplementary Table 2. Difference in Estimates of Mean Annual Rate of Change in NIS and NIS-LL Total Scores between Studies of Patients with ATTRv-PN and Studies of Patients with Other Peripheral Neuropathies – Sensitivity Analyses.