cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Operational locality in global theories
Creators: name: Kraemer, Lea
name: del Rio, Lidia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a global physical theory, a notion of locality allows us to find and justify information-processing primitives, like non-signalling between distant agents. Here we propose exploring the opposite direction: to take agents as the basic building blocks through which we test a physical theory, and recover operational notions of locality from signalling conditions. First we introduce an operational model for the effective state spaces of individual agents, as well as the range of their actions. We then formulate natural secrecy conditions between agents and identify the aspects of locality relevant for signalling. We discuss the possibility of taking commutation of transformations as a primitive of physical theories, as well as applications to quantum theory and generalized probability frameworks. This "it from bit" approach establishes an operational connection between local action and local observations, and gives a global interpretation to concepts like discarding a subsystem or composing local functions.
description: 10+11 pages, 6 figures
Mechanisms of spin-dependent heat generation in spin valves
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Xue
name: Zhu, Yao-Hui
name: He, Pei-Song
name: Li, Bao-He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extra heat generation in spin transport is usually interpreted in terms of the spin relaxation. By reformulating the heat generation rate, we found alternative current-force pairs without cross effects, which enable us to interpret the product of each pair as a distinct mechanism of heat generation. The results show that the spin-dependent part of the heat generation includes two terms. One of them is proportional to the square of the spin accumulation and arises from the spin relaxation. However, the other is proportional to the square of the spin-accumulation gradient and should be attributed to another mechanism, the spin diffusion. We illustrated the characteristics of the two mechanisms in a typical spin valve with a finite nonmagnetic spacer layer.
Additional file 6 of Heteroexpression of Osa-miR319b improved switchgrass biomass yield and feedstock quality by repression of PvPCF5
Creators: name: Liu, Yanrong
name: Yan, Jianping
name: Wang, Kexin
name: Li, Dayong
name: Han, Yejun
name: Zhang, Wanjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 6: Table S3. TCP binding sites were predicted in the promoter region of cell wall synthesis-associated transcription factors and genes using JASPAR software (relative score > 0.9).
All-Angle Collimation for Spin Waves
Creators: name: Kłos, Jarosław W.
name: Gruszecki, Pawel
name: Serebryannikov, Andriy E.
name: Krawczyk, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the effect of collimation for monochromatic beams of spin waves, resulting from the refraction at the interface separating two magnetic half-planes. The collimation was observed in broad range of the angles of ncidence for homogenous Co and Py half-planes, due to significant intrinsic anisotropy of spin wave propagation in these materials. The effect exists for the sample saturated by in plane magnetic field tangential to the interface. The collimation for all possible angles of incidence was found in the system where the incident spin wave is refracted on the interface between homogeneous and periodically patterned layers of YIG. The refraction was investigated by the analysis of isofrequency dispersion contours of both pairs materials, i.e., uniform YIG/patterned YIG and Co/Py, which are calculated with the aid of the plane wave method. Besides, the refraction in Co/Py system was studied using micromagnetic simulations.
A Non-Volatile Cryogenic Random-Access Memory Based on the Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect
Creators: name: Alam, Shamiul
name: Hossain, Md Shafayat
name: Aziz, Ahmedullah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The interplay between ferromagnetism and topological properties of electronic band structures leads to a precise quantization of Hall resistance without any external magnetic field. This so-called quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) is born out of topological correlations, and is oblivious of low-sample quality. It was envisioned to lead towards dissipationless and topologically protected electronics. However, no clear framework of how to design such an electronic device out of it exists. Here we construct an ultra-low power, non-volatile, cryogenic memory architecture leveraging the QAHE phenomenon. Our design promises orders of magnitude lower cell area compared with the state-of-the-art cryogenic memory technologies. We harness the fundamentally quantized Hall resistance levels in moiré graphene heterostructures to store non-volatile binary bits (1, 0). We perform the memory write operation through controlled hysteretic switching between the quantized Hall states, using nano-ampere level currents with opposite polarities. The non-destructive read operation is performed by sensing the polarity of the transverse Hall voltage using a separate pair of terminals. We custom design the memory architecture with a novel sensing mechanism to avoid accidental data corruption, ensure highest memory density and minimize array leakage power. Our design is transferrable to any material platform exhibiting QAHE, and provides a pathway towards realizing topologically protected memory devices.
description: Main text and Supplement: 15 pages
Fractional Fibonacci groups with an odd number of generators
Creators: name: Chinyere, Ihechukwu
name: Williams, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F05, 57M05, 57M60

description: The Fibonacci groups $F(n)$ are known to exhibit significantly different behaviour depending on the parity of $n$. We extend known results for $F(n)$ for odd $n$ to the family of Fractional Fibonacci groups $F^{k/l}(n)$. We show that for odd $n$ the group $F^{k/l}(n)$ is not the fundamental group of an orientable hyperbolic 3-orbifold of finite volume. We obtain results concerning the existence of torsion in the groups $F^{k/l}(n)$ (where $n$ is odd) paying particular attention to the groups $F^k(n)$ and $F^{k/l}(3)$, and observe consequences concerning asphericity of relative presentations of their shift extensions. We show that if $F^{k}(n)$ (where $n$ is odd) and $F^{k/l}(3)$ are non-cyclic 3-manifold groups then they are isomorphic to the direct product of the quaternion group $Q_8$ and a finite cyclic group.
description: 17 pages
Emerging Research Needs and Policy Priorities for Advancing Land Tenure Security and Sustainable Development
Creators: name: Masuda, Yuta J.
name: Robinson, Brian E.
name: Holland, Margaret
name: Tseng, Tzu-Wei Joy
name: Frechette, Alain
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2022

description: As research and policies around securing tenure for people across the world grows, we have a deeper understanding of what works and what does not. Here, we draw attention to contemporary evidence gaps that continue to hinder efforts to strengthen land tenure security (LTS) for sustainable development. We also highlight areas ripe for policy testing and innovation and discuss promising pathways for advancing research and practice for LTS.
MPEC 2024-D138 : 2017 BK229
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2017 BK229

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 1 of Interaction between obstructive sleep apnea and short sleep duration on insulin resistance: a large-scale study
Creators: name: Xu, Huajun
name: Liang, Chen
name: Zou, Jianyin
name: Yi, Hongliang
name: Guan, Jian
name: Gu, Meizhen
name: Feng, Yanhong
name: Yin, Shankai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
MeerKAT HI observations of nearby spiral galaxies: the physical driver of R_mol
Creators: name: Eibensteiner, Cosima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Understanding the molecular gas fraction is of crucial relevance to the evolution of the interstellar medium (ISM) for star formation in galaxies. Mass flows from the outermost regions (atomic gas) supply the centers of galaxy (where it gets converted to molecular gas) with fresh material for star formation. In my talk, I show where the atomic gas becomes molecular (surface density of atomic gas $\sim$ surface density of molecular gas) in nearby galaxies using new high-quality observations from MeerKAT and ALMA, for HI and CO, respectively, and how this transition depends on global galaxy properties. 

We define the transitionfrom atomic to molecular dominated phase similar to other studies asR_mol = Sigma_mol / Sigma_atom = 1 and measure how R_mol depends on local conditions in the galaxy disks supported by multi-wavelength observations (from MUSE, GALEX, SPITZER, and  WISE). For this we use a compiled dataset containing new observations from the MeerKAT telescope targeting the galaxies NGC 1512, NGC 4535, and, NGC 7496, from the first results of the PHANGS-MeerKAT survey (from cycle0: PI: D. Utomo, and in the future including 10 more galaxies from cylce1: PI: D.J. Pisano) and together with the galaxies IC1954, NGC 1566, NGC 1672, NGC 3511, and NGC 5068 from the MHONGOOSE survey (deBlok+2016) form a sample of eight nearby (D = 5.2 - 19.4 Mpc) spiral galaxies that have the required multi-wavelength observations available. With upcoming high-sensitive and high-resolution observations with MeerKAT, the analysis I present forms a first step towards the investigation of how global galaxy properties (stellar mass, star formation rate, or morphology) impact the conversion from atomic to molecular gas in nearby galaxies (D < 20 Mpc or z < 0.005).
Scaling Limits of Random Walks, Harmonic Profiles, and Stationary Non-Equilibrium States in Lipschitz Domains
Creators: name: Schiavo, Lorenzo Dello
name: Portinale, Lorenzo
name: Sau, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60F17, 35B30. Secondary 35K05, 35K20

description: We consider the open symmetric exclusion (SEP) and inclusion (SIP) processes on a bounded Lipschitz domain $Ω$, with both fast and slow boundary. For the random walks on $Ω$ dual to SEP/SIP we establish: a functional-CLT-type convergence to the Brownian motion on $Ω$ with either Neumann (slow boundary), Dirichlet (fast boundary), or Robin (at criticality) boundary conditions; the discrete-to-continuum convergence of the corresponding harmonic profiles. As a consequence, we rigorously derive the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic limits for SEP/SIP on $Ω$, and analyze their stationary non-equilibrium fluctuations. All scaling limit results for SEP/SIP concern finite-dimensional distribution convergence only, as our duality techniques do not require to establish tightness for the fields associated to the particle systems.
description: 56 pages, 3 figures; final version
Hardy-type paradoxes for an arbitrary symmetric bipartite Bell scenario
Creators: name: Chen, Kai-Siang
name: Mal, Shiladitya
name: Tabia, Gelo Noel M.
name: Liang, Yeong-Cherng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As with a Bell inequality, Hardy's paradox manifests a contradiction between the prediction given by quantum theory and local-hidden variable theories. In this work, we give two generalizations of Hardy's arguments for manifesting such a paradox to an arbitrary, but symmetric Bell scenario involving two observers. Our constructions recover that of Meng et al. [Phys. Rev. A. 98, 062103 (2018)] and that first discussed by Cabello [Phys. Rev. A 65, 032108 (2002)] as special cases. Among the two constructions, one can be naturally interpreted as a demonstration of the failure of the transitivity of implications (FTI). Moreover, a special case of which is equivalent to a ladder-proof-type argument for Hardy's paradox. Through a suitably generalized notion of success probability called degree of success, we provide evidence showing that the FTI-based formulation exhibits a higher degree of success compared with all other existing proposals. Moreover, this advantage seems to persist even if we allow imperfections in realizing the zero-probability constraints in such paradoxes. Explicit quantum strategies realizing several of these proofs of nonlocality without inequalities are provided.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; Comments are welcome!
On the Langevin equation with variable friction
Creators: name: Ishii, Hitoshi
name: Souganidis, Panagiotis E.
name: Tran, Hung V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B40, 35B25, 49L25

description: We study two asymptotic problems for the Langevin equation with variable friction coefficient. The first is the small mass asymptotic behavior, known as the Smoluchowski-Kramers approximation, of the Langevin equation with strictly positive variable friction. The second result is about the limiting behavior of the solution when the friction vanishes in regions of the domain. Previous works on this subject considered one dimensional settings with the conclusions based on explicit computations.
description: 26 pages
Optical absorption and emission mechanisms of single defects in hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Jungwirth, Nicholas R.
name: Fuchs, Gregory D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the polarization selection rules of sharp zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) from isolated defects in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and compare our findings with the predictions of a configuration coordinate model involving two electronic states. Our survey, which spans the spectral range ~550-740 nm, reveals that, in disagreement with a two-level model, the absorption and emission dipoles are often misaligned. We relate the dipole misalignment angle ($Δθ$) to the ZPL Stokes shift ($ΔE$) and find that $Δθ\sim 0°$ when $ΔE$ corresponds to an allowed h-BN phonon frequency and that $0°\leqΔθ\leq 90°$ when $ΔE$ exceeds the maximum allowed h-BN phonon frequency. Consequently, a two-level configuration coordinate model succeeds at describing excitations mediated by the creation of one optical phonon but fails at describing excitations that require the creation of multiple phonons. We propose that direct excitations requiring the creation of multiple phonons are inefficient due to the low Huang-Rhys factors in h-BN and that these ZPLs are instead excited indirectly via an intermediate electronic state. This hypothesis is corroborated by polarization measurements of an individual ZPL excited with two distinct wavelengths that indicate a single ZPL may be excited by multiple mechanisms. These findings provide new insight on the nature of the optical cycle of novel defect-based single photon sources in h-BN.
description: 21 pages, SI included. 5 figures
A Historical Perspective on Land Tenure Security
Creators: name: Sunderlin, William D.
name: Holland, Margaret
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2022

description: In this chapter, we explore the forces that have shaped the current challenge of securing land tenure for those with little voice, power, and means. Focusing on the Global South, we identify trends in the ebb and flow of land tenure security and insecurity, distinguishing between those tied to agricultural-based societies and forest-dependent populations where relevant. We spotlight the broad arc of history tied to land access: the widespread acquisition of land by the powerful dating several centuries back, the partial restoration of local land access beginning in the mid-twentieth century (e.g., post-colonial governments, agricultural land reform and redistribution movements, and forest management devolution), the land-grabbing phenomenon and violence of recent years, and the current uncertainty over future directions for tenure security.
Climate change alters diffusion of forest pest: A model study
Creators: name: Jo, Woo Seong
name: Kim, Hwang-Yong
name: Kim, Beom Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Population dynamics with spatial information is applied to understand the spread of pests. We introduce a model describing how pests spread in discrete space. The number of pest descendants at each site is controlled by local information such as temperature, precipitation, and the density of pine trees. Our simulation leads to a pest spreading pattern comparable to the real data for pine needle gall midge in the past. We also simulate the model in two different climate conditions based on two different representative concentration pathways scenarios for the future. We observe that after an initial stage of a slow spread of pests, a sudden change in the spreading speed occurs, which is soon followed by a large-scale outbreak. We found that a future climate change causes the outbreak point to occur earlier and that the detailed spatio-temporal pattern of the spread depends on the source position from which the initial pest infection starts.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
The gray body approximation for radiative heat transfer in evacuated tube solar collectors: Effects of envelope infrared transparency
Creators: name: George, Mark A.
name: Takamure, Noboru
name: McKenzie, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical and experimental analysis is carried out of radiative heat transfer in the coaxial geometry of evacuated tube solar collectors. The gray body approximation implicit in the use of an effective emissivity does not strictly apply to evacuated tube solar collectors due to selective absorber coating and partially transmitting outer glass in the thermal infrared, especially when constructed from borosilicate. We develop analytic expressions for the heat transfer through the outer envelope and show the equations no longer follow a simple form where an effective emissivity for the system can be defined. To test all approximations in practice, an experiment is performed using an evacuated solar collector manufactured in the 1980s by the Nitto Kohki company in Japan using the effective emissivity approximation to determine the typical heat transfer characteristics using net radiative heat flows in both directions. This method enabled a good fit to temperature-time data for cooling and heating of the inner tube for temperatures between 10 and 85°C. The results confirm that the effective emittance method can be used in situations with typical glass wall thickness and temperatures. At temperatures greater 100°C, the spectral distribution of the emitted radiation falls significantly within the transmitting region of the outer glass and can no longer be neglected. The work has verified the stability of the vacuum in this type of collector as the tube still functions well, maintaining a low emissivity and good vacuum after approximately 40 years in storage conditions.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Deconstructing the role of myosin contractility in force fluctuations within focal adhesions
Creators: name: Ghosh, Debsuvra
name: Ghosh, Subhadip
name: Chaudhuri, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Force fluctuations exhibited in focal adhesions (FAs) that connect a cell to its extracellular environment, point to the complex role of the underlying machinery that controls cell migration. To elucidate the explicit role of myosin motors in the temporal traction force oscillations, we vary the contractility of these motors in a dynamical model based on the molecular clutch hypothesis. As the contractility is lowered, effected both by changing the motor velocity and the rate of attachment/detachment, we show analytically in an experimentally relevant parameter space that the system goes from decaying oscillations to stable limit cycle oscillations through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. As a function of motor activity and the number of clutches, the system exhibits a wide array of dynamical states. We corroborate our analytical results with stochastic simulations of the motor-clutch system. We obtain limit cycle oscillations in the parameter regime as predicted by our model. The frequency range of oscillations in the average clutch and motor deformation compares well with experimental results.
description: 23 pages and 9 figures. Added extensive references to existing theoretical/experimental literature, included stochastic simulation studies and, an exhaustive overhaul of the discussion section providing context and impact of the present work. Accepted for publication in Biophysical Journal
OʻZBEK, RUS VA QORAQALPOQ TILLARIDA FE'LNING ANIQ, MAJHUL VA O'ZLIK NISBATLARI QIYOSI
Creators: name: Usanova, Qademay
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek, rus va qoraqalpoq tillarida fe’l so‘z turkumining qiyosi, fe’l nisbatlari: aniq, majhul va o‘zlik nisbatlari, ularning o‘xshash va farqli tomonlari tadqiq etildi.
Effect modification in anchored indirect treatment comparisons: Comments on "Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons: Application to time-to-event data"
Creators: name: Remiro-Azócar, Antonio
name: Heath, Anna
name: Baio, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This commentary regards a recent simulation study conducted by Aouni, Gaudel-Dedieu and Sebastien, evaluating the performance of different versions of matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) in an anchored scenario with a common comparator. The simulation study uses survival outcomes and the Cox proportional hazards regression as the outcome model. It concludes that using the LASSO for variable selection is preferable to balancing a maximal set of covariates. However, there are no treatment effect modifiers in imbalance in the study. The LASSO is more efficient because it selects a subset of the maximal set of covariates but there are no cross-study imbalances in effect modifiers inducing bias. We highlight the following points: (1) in the anchored setting, MAIC is necessary where there are cross-trial imbalances in effect modifiers; (2) the standard indirect comparison provides greater precision and accuracy than MAIC if there are no effect modifiers in imbalance; (3) while the target estimand of the simulation study is a conditional treatment effect, MAIC targets a marginal or population-average treatment effect; (4) in MAIC, variable selection is a problem of low dimensionality and sparsity-inducing methods like the LASSO may be problematic. Finally, data-driven approaches do not obviate the necessity for subject matter knowledge when selecting effect modifiers. R code is provided in the Appendix to replicate the analyses and illustrate our points.
description: 14 pages, minor changes after conditional acceptance by Statistics in Medicine. This is a response to `Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons: Application to time-to-event data' by Aouni, Gaudel-Dedieu and Sebastien (2020)
CHS-Net: A Deep learning approach for hierarchical segmentation of COVID-19 infected CT images
Creators: name: Punn, Narinder Singh
name: Agarwal, Sonali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pandemic of novel SARS-CoV-2 also known as COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide, causing rampant loss of lives. Medical imaging such as CT, X-ray, etc., plays a significant role in diagnosing the patients by presenting the visual representation of the functioning of the organs. However, for any radiologist analyzing such scans is a tedious and time-consuming task. The emerging deep learning technologies have displayed its strength in analyzing such scans to aid in the faster diagnosis of the diseases and viruses such as COVID-19. In the present article, an automated deep learning based model, COVID-19 hierarchical segmentation network (CHS-Net) is proposed that functions as a semantic hierarchical segmenter to identify the COVID-19 infected regions from lungs contour via CT medical imaging using two cascaded residual attention inception U-Net (RAIU-Net) models. RAIU-Net comprises of a residual inception U-Net model with spectral spatial and depth attention network (SSD) that is developed with the contraction and expansion phases of depthwise separable convolutions and hybrid pooling (max and spectral pooling) to efficiently encode and decode the semantic and varying resolution information. The CHS-Net is trained with the segmentation loss function that is the defined as the average of binary cross entropy loss and dice loss to penalize false negative and false positive predictions. The approach is compared with the recently proposed approaches and evaluated using the standard metrics like accuracy, precision, specificity, recall, dice coefficient and Jaccard similarity along with the visualized interpretation of the model prediction with GradCam++ and uncertainty maps. With extensive trials, it is observed that the proposed approach outperformed the recently proposed approaches and effectively segments the COVID-19 infected regions in the lungs.
Predicting Events in MOBA Games: Prediction, Attribution, and Evaluation
Creators: name: Yang, Zelong
name: Wang, Yan
name: Li, Piji
name: Lin, Shaobin
name: Shi, Shuming
name: Huang, Shao-Lun
name: Bi, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) games have become increasingly popular in recent years. Consequently, many efforts have been devoted to providing pre-game or in-game predictions for them. However, these works are limited in the following two aspects: 1) the lack of sufficient in-game features; 2) the absence of interpretability in the prediction results. These two limitations greatly restrict the practical performance and industrial application of the current works. In this work, we collect and release a large-scale dataset containing rich in-game features for the popular MOBA game Honor of Kings. We then propose to predict four types of important events in an interpretable way by attributing the predictions to the input features using two gradient-based attribution methods: Integrated Gradients and SmoothGrad. To evaluate the explanatory power of different models and attribution methods, a fidelity-based evaluation metric is further proposed. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy and Fidelity of several competitive methods on the collected dataset to assess how well machines predict events in MOBA games.
Web-based visualisation of head pose and facial expressions changes: monitoring human activity using depth data
Creators: name: Kalliatakis, Grigorios
name: Vidakis, Nikolaos
name: Triantafyllidis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite significant recent advances in the field of head pose estimation and facial expression recognition, raising the cognitive level when analysing human activity presents serious challenges to current concepts. Motivated by the need of generating comprehensible visual representations from different sets of data, we introduce a system capable of monitoring human activity through head pose and facial expression changes, utilising an affordable 3D sensing technology (Microsoft Kinect sensor). An approach build on discriminative random regression forests was selected in order to rapidly and accurately estimate head pose changes in unconstrained environment. In order to complete the secondary process of recognising four universal dominant facial expressions (happiness, anger, sadness and surprise), emotion recognition via facial expressions (ERFE) was adopted. After that, a lightweight data exchange format (JavaScript Object Notation-JSON) is employed, in order to manipulate the data extracted from the two aforementioned settings. Such mechanism can yield a platform for objective and effortless assessment of human activity within the context of serious gaming and human-computer interaction.
description: 8th Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, (CEEC 2016), University of Essex, UK, 6 pages
Melting and thermal ablation of a silver film induced by femtosecond laser heating: A multiscale modeling approach
Creators: name: Ji, Pengfei
name: Zhang, Yuwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The femtosecond laser pulse heating of silver film is investigated by performing quantum mechanics (QM), molecular dynamics (MD) and two temperature model (TTM) integrated multiscale simulation. The laser excitation dependent electron thermophysical parameters (electron heat capacity, electron thermal conductivity, and effective electron-phonon coupling factor) are determined from ab initio QM calculation, and implemented into TTM description of electron thermal excitation, heat conduction, as well as electron-phonon coupled thermal energy transport. The kinetics of atomic motion is modeled by MD simulation. Energy evolution of excited electron subsystem is described by TTM in continuum. The MD and TTM are coupled by utilizing the effective electron-phonon coupling factor. Laser heating with varying laser fluence is systematically studied to determine the thresholds of the homogeneous melting and ablation. The thermal ablation induced by faster expansion of locally and excessively superheated silver is reported. This paper provides a basis for interpreting the phase change process induced by laser heating, and facilitates the advancement of femtosecond laser pulse processing of material.
Transductive Visual Verb Sense Disambiguation
Creators: name: Vascon, Sebastiano
name: Aslan, Sinem
name: Bigaglia, Gianluca
name: Giudice, Lorenzo
name: Pelillo, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Verb Sense Disambiguation is a well-known task in NLP, the aim is to find the correct sense of a verb in a sentence. Recently, this problem has been extended in a multimodal scenario, by exploiting both textual and visual features of ambiguous verbs leading to a new problem, the Visual Verb Sense Disambiguation (VVSD). Here, the sense of a verb is assigned considering the content of an image paired with it rather than a sentence in which the verb appears. Annotating a dataset for this task is more complex than textual disambiguation, because assigning the correct sense to a pair of $$ requires both non-trivial linguistic and visual skills. In this work, differently from the literature, the VVSD task will be performed in a transductive semi-supervised learning (SSL) setting, in which only a small amount of labeled information is required, reducing tremendously the need for annotated data. The disambiguation process is based on a graph-based label propagation method which takes into account mono or multimodal representations for $$ pairs. Experiments have been carried out on the recently published dataset VerSe, the only available dataset for this task. The achieved results outperform the current state-of-the-art by a large margin while using only a small fraction of labeled samples per sense. Code available: https://github.com/GiBg1aN/TVVSD.
description: Accepted at the IEEE Workshop on Application of Computer Vision 2021
Chiral anomaly induced nonlinear Nernst and thermal Hall effects in Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Zeng, Chuanchang
name: Nandy, Snehasish
name: Tewari, Sumanta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral anomaly or Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly in Weyl semimetals (WSMs) has a significant impact on the electron transport behaviors, leading to remarkable longitudinal or planar electrical and thermoelectric transport phenomena in the presence of electromagnetic gauge fields. These phenomena are consequences of the imbalanced chiral charge and energy induced by chiral anomaly in the presence of parallel electric ($\mathbf{E}$) and magnetic ($\mathbf{B}$) fields ($\mathbf{E \cdot B }\neq 0$) or $(\mathbf{B \cdot \nabla }T\neq 0)$ ($\mathbf{\nabla}T$ is the thermal gradient). We here propose another two fascinating transport properties, namely, the nonlinear planar Nernst effect and nonlinear planar thermal Hall effect induced by chiral anomaly in the presence of $\mathbf{B \cdot \nabla}T\neq 0$ in WSMs. Using the semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory, we derive the analytical expressions for the chiral anomaly induced nonlinear Nernst and thermal Hall transport coefficients and also evaluate the fundamental mathematical relations among them in the nonlinear regime. The formulas we find in this current work are consistent with that predicted for the nonlinear anomalous electrical and thermoelectric effects induced by Berry curvature dipole recently. Additionally, in contrast to the recent work, by utilizing the lattice Weyl Hamiltonian with intrinsic chiral chemical potential, we find that the chiral anomaly induced nonlinear planar effects can exist even for a pair of oppositely tilted or non-tilted Weyl cones in both time reversal and inversion broken WSMs. The chiral anomaly induced nonlinear planar effects predicted here along with the related parameter dependencies are hence possible to be realized in realistic WSMs in experiment.
description: Published version
Kinematics of Ultra-High-Velocity Gas in the Expanding Molecular Shell adjacent to the W44 Supernova Remnant
Creators: name: Yamada, Masaya
name: Oka, Tomoharu
name: Takekawa, Shunya
name: Iwata, Yuhei
name: Tsujimoto, Shiho
name: Tokuyama, Sekito
name: Furusawa, Maiko
name: Tanabe, Keisuke
name: Nomura, Mariko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We mapped the ultra-high-velocity feature (the "Bullet") detected in the expanding molecular shell associated with the W44 supernova remnant using the Nobeyama Radio Observatory 45-m telescope and the ASTE 10-m telescope. The Bullet clearly appears in the CO ${\it J}$=1-0, CO ${\it J}$=3-2, CO ${\it J}$=4-3, and HCO$^+$ ${\it J}$=1-0 maps with a compact appearance ($0.5\times 0.8$ pc$^2$) and an extremely broad velocity width ($ΔV\!\simeq\!100 \ \rm km \, s ^{-1}$). The line intensities indicate that the Bullet has a higher density and temperature than those in the expanding molecular shell. The kinetic energy of the Bullet amounts to $10^{48.0} \ {\rm erg}$ which is approximately 1.5 orders of magnitude greater than the kinetic energy shared to the small solid angle of it. Two possible formation scenarios with an inactive isolated black hole (BH) are presented.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters
General mixed lattices
Creators: name: Jokela, Jani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06B75 (Primary), 06F20 (Secondary)

description: A mixed lattice is a lattice-type structure consisting of a set with two partial orderings, and generalizing the notion of a lattice. Mixed lattice theory has previously been studied in various algebraic structures, such as groups and semigroups, while the more general notion of a mixed lattice remains unexplored. In this paper, we study the fundamental properties of mixed lattices and the relationships between the various properties, such as the one-sided associative, distributive and modular laws. We also give an alternative definition of mixed lattices and mixed lattice groups as non-commutative and non-associative algebras satisfying a certain set of postulates. The algebraic and the order-theoretic definitions are then shown to be equivalent.
description: 13 pages. A corrected version of the published article. There was an error in the proof of Theorem 2.7. This error has been corrected and all the necessary modifications to the article have been made
A Robust Illumination-Invariant Camera System for Agricultural Applications
Creators: name: Silwal, Abhisesh
name: Parhar, Tanvir
name: Yandun, Francisco
name: Kantor, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection and semantic segmentation are two of the most widely adopted deep learning algorithms in agricultural applications. One of the major sources of variability in image quality acquired in the outdoors for such tasks is changing lighting condition that can alter the appearance of the objects or the contents of the entire image. While transfer learning and data augmentation to some extent reduce the need for large amount of data to train deep neural networks, the large variety of cultivars and the lack of shared datasets in agriculture makes wide-scale field deployments difficult. In this paper, we present a high throughput robust active lighting-based camera system that generates consistent images in all lighting conditions. We detail experiments that show the consistency in images quality leading to relatively fewer images to train deep neural networks for the task of object detection. We further present results from field experiment under extreme lighting conditions where images without active lighting significantly lack to provide consistent results. The experimental results show that on average, deep nets for object detection trained on consistent data required nearly four times less data to achieve similar level of accuracy. This proposed work could potentially provide pragmatic solutions to computer vision needs in agriculture.
description: 8 Pages, 5 Figures
Democracy and polarization in the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea
Creators: name: Kim, Jonghoon
name: Baek, Seung Ki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The median-voter hypothesis predicts convergence of party platforms across a one-dimensional political spectrum during majoritarian elections. Assuming that the convergence is reflected in legislative activity, we study the time evolution of political polarization in the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea for the past 70 years. By projecting the correlation of lawmakers onto the first principal axis, we observe a high degree of polarization from the early 1960's to the late 1980's before democratization. As predicted by the hypothesis, it showed a sharp decrease when party politics were revived in 1987. Since then, the political landscape has become more and more multi-dimensional under the action of party politics, which invalidates the assumption behind the hypothesis. For comparison, we also analyze co-sponsorship in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 2020, whose correlation matrix has been constantly high-dimensional throughout the observation period. Our analysis suggests a pattern of polarization evolving with democratic development, from which we can argue the power and the limitation of the median-voter hypothesis as an explanation of real politics.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Damped (linear) response theory within the resolution-of-identity coupled cluster singles and approximate doubles (RI-CC2) method
Creators: name: Fedotov, Daniil A.
name: Coriani, Sonia
name: Hättig, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An implementation of a complex solver for the solution of the response equations required to compute the complex response functions of damped response theory is presented for the resolution-of-identity (RI) coupled-cluster singles and approximate doubles CC2 method. The implementation uses a partitioned formulation that avoids the storage of double excitation amplitudes to make it applicable to large molecules. The solver is the keystone element for the development of the damped coupled-cluster response formalism for linear and nonlinear effects in resonant frequency regions at the RI-CC2 level of theory. Illustrative results are reported for the one-photon absorption cross section of C60, the electronic circular dichroism of $n$-helicenes ($n$ = 5, 6, 7), and the $C_6$ dispersion coefficients of a set of selected organic molecules and fullerenes.
description: Submitted to J. Chem. Phys., Dec. 2020
Automating Gamification Personalization: To the User and Beyond
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Luiz
name: Toda, Armando M.
name: Oliveira, Wilk
name: Palomino, Paula T.
name: Vassileva, Julita
name: Isotani, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.1; I.2.1

description: Personalized gamification explores knowledge about the users to tailor gamification designs to improve one-size-fits-all gamification. The tailoring process should simultaneously consider user and contextual characteristics (e.g., activity to be done and geographic location), which leads to several occasions to tailor. Consequently, tools for automating gamification personalization are needed. The problems that emerge are that which of those characteristics are relevant and how to do such tailoring are open questions, and that the required automating tools are lacking. We tackled these problems in two steps. First, we conducted an exploratory study, collecting participants' opinions on the game elements they consider the most useful for different learning activity types (LAT) via survey. Then, we modeled opinions through conditional decision trees to address the aforementioned tailoring process. Second, as a product from the first step, we implemented a recommender system that suggests personalized gamification designs (which game elements to use), addressing the problem of automating gamification personalization. Our findings i) present empirical evidence that LAT, geographic locations, and other user characteristics affect users' preferences, ii) enable defining gamification designs tailored to user and contextual features simultaneously, and iii) provide technological aid for those interested in designing personalized gamification. The main implications are that demographics, game-related characteristics, geographic location, and LAT to be done, as well as the interaction between different kinds of information (user and contextual characteristics), should be considered in defining gamification designs and that personalizing gamification designs can be improved with aid from our recommender system.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, 8 tables. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies (2022)
Digital Contact Tracing: Large-scale Geolocation Data as an Alternative to Bluetooth-based Apps' Failure
Creators: name: González-Cabañas, José
name: Cuevas, Ángel
name: Cuevas, Rubén
name: Maier, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The currently deployed contact-tracing mobile apps have failed as an efficient solution in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. None of them has managed to attract the number of active users required to achieve an efficient operation. This urges the research community to re-open the debate and explore new avenues that lead to efficient contact-tracing solutions. This paper contributes to this debate with an alternative contact-tracing solution that leverages already available geolocation information owned by BigTech companies with very large penetration rates in most countries adopting contact-tracing mobile apps. Moreover, our solution provides sufficient privacy guarantees to protect the identity of infected users as well as precluding Health Authorities from obtaining the contact graph from individuals.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; added acknowledgments
Calculation of Relativistic Nucleon-Nucleon Potentials in Three-Dimensions
Creators: name: Hadizadeh, M. R.
name: Radin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have applied a three-dimensional approach for calculation of the relativistic nucleon-nucleon potential. The quadratic operator relation between the non-relativistic and the relativistic nucleon-nucleon interactions is formulated as a function of relative two-nucleon momentum vectors, which leads to a three-dimensional integral equation. The integral equation is solved by the iteration method, and the matrix elements of the relativistic potential are calculated from non-relativistic ones. Spin-independent Malfliet-Tjon potential is employed in the numerical calculations, and the numerical tests indicate that the two-nucleon observables calculated by the relativistic potential are preserved with high accuracy.