cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On TCP-based SIP Server Overload Control
Creators: name: Shen, Charles
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: SIP server overload management has attracted interest recently as SIP becomes the core signaling protocol for Next Generation Networks. Yet virtually all existing SIP overload control work is focused on SIP-over-UDP, despite the fact that TCP is increasingly seen as the more viable choice of SIP transport. This paper answers the following questions: is the existing TCP flow control capable of handling the SIP overload problem? If not, why and how can we make it work? We provide a comprehensive explanation of the default SIP-over-TCP overload behavior through server instrumentation. We also propose and implement novel but simple overload control algorithms without any kernel or protocol level modification. Experimental evaluation shows that with our mechanism the overload performance improves from its original zero throughput to nearly full capacity. Our work also leads to the important high level insight that the traditional notion of TCP flow control alone is incapable of managing overload for time-critical session based applications, which would be applicable not only to SIP, but also to a wide range of other common applications such as database servers.
The structure of spinful quantum Hall states: a squeezing perspective
Creators: name: Ardonne, E.
name: Regnault, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a set of rules to define several spinful quantum Hall model states. The method extends the one known for spin polarized states. It is achieved by specifying an undressed root partition, a squeezing procedure and rules to dress the configurations with spin. It applies to both the excitation-less state and the quasihole states. In particular, we show that the naive generalization where one preserves the spin information during the squeezing sequence, may fail. We give numerous examples such as the Halperin states, the non-abelian spin-singlet states or the spin-charge separated states. The squeezing procedure for the series (k=2,r) of spinless quantum Hall states, which vanish as r powers when k+1 particles coincide, is generalized to the spinful case. As an application of our method, we show that the counting observed in the particle entanglement spectrum of several spinful states matches the one obtained through the root partitions and our rules. This counting also matches the counting of quasihole states of the corresponding model Hamiltonians, when the latter is available.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures; v2: minor changes, and added references. Mathematica packages are available for download
Do management forecasts of earnings affect stock prices in Japan?
Creators: name: Harris, Trevor
name: Darrough, Masako N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: One of the major differences that has attracted a great deal of attention is the relatively high average price/earnings (PE) ratio for the stocks listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. A question sometimes raised in the popular press is whether the difference in PEs suggests that US stocks are undervalued or Japanese stocks are overvalued.1 Of course, such conjectures are not well-founded unless we understand the differences in the institutional characteristics of the two markets. Some of the differences raise subtle but important questions, such as whether a particular institutional arrangement can be adopted in other environments. Just as we have seen the transfer of US accounting practices to non-US companies active in international capital markets, certain institutional characteristics of Japan's capital markets might lead to related changes in other countries. This paper considers one such characteristic, management forecasts, which we believe to be a likely candidate for such a global transfer.
title: Open Access als Aufgabenbereich medizinischer Bibliotheken
Creators: name: Stellmann, Nina
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: Das wissenschaftliche Publikationswesen befindet sich in einem Transformationsprozess, weg von der Bezahlung des lesenden Zugriffs durch den Kauf von Lizenzen durch Bibliotheken, hin zu der Vergütung der Verlagsleistungen durch Publikationsgebühren. Ziel ist der freie Zugang zu Forschungsergebnissen in wissenschaftlichen Publikationen und den dazugehörigen Forschungsdaten. Dieser freie Zugang zu wissenschaftlicher Literatur wird weltweit, unter dem Begriff Open Access gefördert und vorangebracht. Veränderungen in der Wissenschaft bedeuten auch immer Änderungen in den Arbeitsabläufen und im Aufgabenbereich wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, welche Angebote medizinische Fachbibliotheken in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz den Wissenschaftlern ihrer Institution im Bereich des Open Access Publizierens bieten. Aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen einer Webseitenanalyse, werden Handlungsempfehlungen für die Ärztliche Zentralbibliothek im Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf für den Aufbau von Publikationsdiensten, insbesondere für Open Access, erstellt.
Option and Non-Use Values of Environmental Assets
Creators: name: Chichilnisky, Graciela
name: Beltratti, Andrea
name: Heal, Geoffrey M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: It is widely recognized that the value of environmental assets such as biodiversity, unique locations and the atmosphere may be hard to quantify. In particular, option values, quasi-option values and non-use values have been the subject of extensive discussion. We propose here an evaluation of environmental assets based on the option value or shadow price associated with intertemporal welfare maximization under conditions of uncertainty about the future preferences. We show that these values can provide powerful motives for conservation of the goods, and are under certain conditions equivalent to a reduction in the discount rate to be applied to future benefits. We also show that the option value can be bounded below by a function of the degree of risk aversion and parameters of the probability distribution governing the uncertainty about future preferences.
Declining industries, mechanisms of structural adjustment, and trade policy in Pacific Basin economies
Creators: name: Patrick, Hugh T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The process of industrialization, and its spread to the developing economies, generates in its wake severe problems of structural adjustment for "declining" or "troubled" industries. These problems are of major policy significance for the Pacific Basin economies, though in somewhat different ways depending on the level of development (the advanced industrial countries, the newly industrialized economies, and currently industrializing nations). How inefficiencies are dealt with and resources reallocated is an important domestic economic and political problem. Moreover, it has even more important implications for the relationships of these economies with each other and with the world, not simply in terms of trade flows but of the rules and nature of the international trading system itself. The Pacific Basin Studies Program at Columbia University in 1987 initiated a project to investigate these issues in a comparative Pacific Basin context under the direction of Professor Hugh Patrick. The purpose has been to describe and evaluate the mechanisms of adjustment in each country, to determine their effectiveness and constraints on various policy choices, and to examine the implications for the country's trade policy. The focus of the project has been on manufacturing industries; agriculture enters only peripherally. In this paper, Professor Patrick gives his results and recommendations to correct the inefficiencies of industrialized nations in the Pacific Rim.
Wahabia mantici Jaschhof, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Wahabia
Wahabia mantici

description: Wahabia mantici Jaschhof sp. nov.
Fig. 20A–B
Diagnosis. Wahabia mantici differs from all other Diallactiini by the characters referred to in the generic diagnosis of Wahabia.
Other male characters. Body about 1.2 mm long, bright yellow-brown. Head. Postgenal setae absent. Eye bridge 2–3 ommatidia long dorsally. Scape and pedicel concolorous with flagellum, scape with 3 setae, pedicel unsetose. Maximally 10 flagellomeres retained. Fourth flagellomere with neck and node equally long; node with short setae basally, an incomplete whorl with long sensory hairs with hooded alveoli medially, a line of such sensory hairs distally, 2 multifurcate translucent sensilla distally, each with up to 7 tines, microtrichia only basally. Clypeus unsetose. Palpus small, single-segmented, with setae and numerous hair-shaped translucent sensilla. Thorax. Scutal and scutellar setae sparse. Wing length / width 2.5. Membrane completely covered with setae. Costal break distinct; btv setose; both M1+2 and M4 absent; CuA extending to wing margin, faint apically. Legs. Second to fifth tarsomeres missing, other segments unicolored. Basitarsi without spine. Genitalia. Ninth tergite small, subtrapezoid, setose. Gonocoxae (Fig. A): ventral emargination small, U-shaped, anterior of it a weak transverse suture; medial bridges sparsely setose; dorsomedial edges with long, pointed process subapically (↓), a broad, subrectangular process apically (↓); dorsal apodemes with long anterior processes. Gonostylus small, slightly processes curved (Fig,. almost
B),
ventral parallel-sided pair short, with, directed subapical ventrally tooth consisting, rounded of apically several (spines ↓), dorsal. Two pair pairs long of parameral, directed
posterolaterally, whip-like apically (↓).
Etymology. The new species is named after Michal Mantič, PhD student at the University of Ostrava, who assisted with the field work producing the Brunei specimens studied here.
Type material. Holotype. Male, Brunei, Ulu Temburong National Park, Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre, 26 Jan.–15 Feb. 2015, lowland mixed dipterocarp forest, Malaise trap (D), D. Kaspřák & M. Mantič (in UBDC).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias, 2016, A review of world Diallactiini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with the description of six new genera and seventeen new species, pp. 201-244 in Zootaxa 4127 (2) on pages 238-239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267022
Speculative Equilibria of "Managed" Primary Commodity Markets
Creators: name: McLaren, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper sets up a model of commodity speculation in the presence of a public buffer stock intervention. Equilibrium is characterized, existence is proven and sufficient conditions for uniqueness are given. These take the form of the buffer stock having "marginal propensities to store" between zero and one. A limited policy neutrality result is proven, but where the buffer stock does have an effect, some strong contrasts with the laissez-faire case are established. For example, the equilibrium is not necessarily a constrained social optimum; a sufficient condition is given under which it is. Further, examples are given in which a putatively stabilizing buffer stock intervention actually creates a price bubble where otherwise none could exist.
Supersonic Velocities in Noncommutative Acoustic Black Holes
Creators: name: Anacleto, M. A.
name: Brito, F. A.
name: Passos, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive Schwarzschild and Kerr - like noncommutative acoustic black hole metrics in the (3+1)-dimensional noncommutative Abelian Higgs model. We have found that the changing in the Hawking temperature T_H due to spacetime noncommutativity account for supersonic velocities and analogously may also account for superluminal particles in the general form (v-c)/c=ΔT_H/8T_H. Assuming this form is also valid for gravitational black holes and particle physics, we have found that for ΔT_H about the heaviest muon neutrino mass and T_H about proton mass gives 2.12\times 10-5 which agrees with the recent OPERA experiments. We also consider the Hawking temperature in terms of surface gravity to address the issue of background influence in the neutrino superluminality to show that our investigations also agree with supernova SN1987A measurements.
description: 13 pages,1 figure, Latex, new material concerning SN1987A and refs added
title: Entwurf und Implementierung eines Konverters für Aufgaben von LON-CAPA nach Moodle-STACK
Creators: name: Dangendorf, Kilian
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Informatik

description: An der Hochschule Hannover soll die Lernplattform LON-CAPA von Moodle-STACK abgelöst werden. Dazu werden Aufgaben von LON-CAPA nach Moodle-STACK konvertiert. Durch die Entwicklung eines Konverters kann ein großer Teil dieser Arbeit automatisiert erfolgen. Aufgrund der potentiellen Komplexität von LON-CAPA-Aufgaben ist nicht jede Aufgabe in vollem Umfang zu übersetzen und eine manuelle Nacharbeit notwendig. In dieser Arbeit werden die LON-CAPA-Antworttypen numerical, formula und math response analysiert. Es wird untersucht, wie LON-CAPA-Aufgabenelemente einzeln umgewandelt werden können und welche Parameter im Moodle-STACK-Format gesetzt werden müssen, um eine äquivalente Aufgabe in Moodle-STACK zu erhalten. Die technische Umsetzung erfolgt in Java. Der modulare Aufbau sieht Wartbarkeit und Weiterentwicklung vor. Auf GitHub steht die Implementierung unter der GPL (GNU General Public License) zur Verfügung: https://github.com/kiliandangendorf/lc2mdl
An exploration into women's understandings of nutritional health : towards a "commonsense" of healthy eating
Creators: name: Hartford, Wendy Dawn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The purpose of this research was to explore how women put into practice their understanding of healthful eating when purchasing food. The primary research question was: How do women think about health, health risk and food in their grocery store point-of-purchase food selections? The food choice process is highly complex and understanding women's healthy food selections requires the consideration of the following: women's understandings of health in the context of the social environment, women's perceptions of personal health risk, women's perceptions of food, factors which influence everyday food decisions, such as cost and store location, and nutritional health education. According to the literature, research which considers how individuals make decisions about healthy food selection is limited. Participants were 16 women between the ages of 20 and 49 who selected foods that would benefit their health, who exercised regularly, had access to nutritional health information and a variety of food produce markets, were responsible for their own food purchases, and for whom cost was not an overriding concern. Analysis of the transcripts revealed four broad themes; blueprints, planning, practical application, and reflections on nutritional health education. In the context of this study, blueprint describes a cognitive framework which enabled each woman to simplify the complex decision process through classifying and categorizing a range of values associated with healthy food choice. The blueprint provided a foundation for planning for and the practical application of healthy food selection and purchasing. Collectively, the findings suggest nutritional health education policy and practice lacks information tools which take into account the high degree of variation that occurs in individuals' food choice processes. Furthermore, reaching individuals who do not know about healthful eating practices, in all probability, requires changes to the way that food is considered in the existing social environment which is not, as these findings and previous research suggest, conducive to healthful eating practices. Finally, to assist individuals with their healthful food practices it is necessary to explore ways to promote critical thinking skills which enable individuals to make properly informed decisions about which tools are best suited for their personal food decisions.
Leading logarithms in the anomalous sector of two-flavour QCD
Creators: name: Bijnens, Johan
name: Kampf, Karol
name: Lanz, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We add the Wess-Zumino-Witten term to the N=3 massive nonlinear sigma model and study the leading logarithms in the anomalous sector. We obtain the leading logarithms to six loops for π^0 --> γ^*γ^* and to five loops for γ^*πππ. In addition we extend the earlier work on the mass and decay constant to six loops and the vector form factor to five loops. We present numerical result for the anomalous processes and the vector form factor. In all cases the series are found to converge rapidly.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables, published version
Wyattella Mamaev 1966
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Wyattella

description: Genus Wyattella Mamaev, 1966
Wyattella — Mamaev 1966: 221. Type species, ussuriensis Mamaev, by original designation. Thaumacecidomyia — Yang 1998: 10; Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: 55 (discussion).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias, 2016, A review of world Diallactiini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with the description of six new genera and seventeen new species, pp. 201-244 in Zootaxa 4127 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267022
title: Die Wirkung von CSR-Kommunikation auf Konsumenten in der Lebensmittelbranche
Creators: name: Deichmann, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 380 Handel, Kommunikation, Verkehr

description: Die Masterarbeit analysiert in einer empirischen Experimentalstudie die Wirkung von CSR-Kommunikation auf Konsumenten in der Lebensmittelbranche. Dazu wurde eine quantitative Online-Befragung durchgeführt, in der mithilfe eines fiktiven Unternehmens untersucht wurde, inwiefern CSR-Kommunikation, die Glaubwürdigkeit der CSR-Kommunikation und die Reputation des Unternehmens das CSR-Image beeinflussen.
Some Notes on Decentralization and Service Delivery
Creators: name: Ferreira, Francisco H. G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This short note asks where support for decentralization of taxation and spending decisions should come from in an economy with both inter- and intra-regional inequality. If an informational advantage makes local governments more efficient spenders, it follows that decentralization will imply higher taxes, ceteris paribus. Individual support for decentralization will thus depend on both individual and mean regional wealth levels, as well as on intra-regional inequalities. Support for centralized decision-making (which implies lower taxes) will rise with wealth. It declines with the relative mean wealth level of a person's region (to avoid redistribution to other regions). For the rich, it rises with the inequality level of their own region (to prevent the local median voter from demanding high taxes).
Why the Code of Conduct for Resolving Sovereign Debt Crises Falls Short
Creators: name: Herman, Barry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: What process should be followed to help governments with foreign debts that they can no longer service move to a more sustainable situation? Multilateral institutions and governments adopted the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, supplemented by the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), as an approach for the poorest countries. However, they offered only the most general guidance for how the governments of countries that borrow primarily from private foreign sources should resolve a debt crisis. In essence, the international official sector says, "the parties should work it out." And they have, sometimes in an orderly and smooth way, and sometimes not. Numerous authors have proposed policy initiatives to bring more predictability and fairer outcomes into sovereign debt workouts for non-HIPCs (in some cases also aiming to improve on the HIPC process), ranging from sovereign bankruptcy regimes modeled on national corporate bankruptcy systems, to arbitration processes, to standing availability of mediation services (see Kaiser, 2008). Others have proposed informal guidelines or a "code of good conduct" to which debtors and creditors might subscribe as a way to reduce uncertainty about how debt restructuring would proceed. The latter will be the focus of this paper.
Subluminal OPERA Neutrinos
Creators: name: Oda, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The OPERA collaboration has announced to have observed superluminal neutrinos with a mean energy 17.5 GeV, but afterward the superluminal interpretation of the OPERA results has been refuted theoretically by Cherenkov-like radiation and pion decay. In a recent work, we have proposed a kinematical resolution to this problem. A key idea in our resolution is that the OPERA neutrinos are not superluminal but subluminal since they travel faster than the observed speed of light in vacuum on the earth while they do slower than the true speed of light in vacuum determining the causal structure of events. In this article, we dwell upon our ideas and present some concrete models, which realize our ideas, based on spin 0, 1 and 2 bosonic fields. We also discuss that the principle of invariant speed of light in special relativity can be replaced with the principle of a universal limiting speed.
description: 17 pages
title: Dunkle Triade und Studienerfolg
Creators: name: Bude, Alicia
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie

description: Die Dunkle Triade besteht aus den Konstrukten Machiavellismus, Narzissmus sowie Psychopathie. Nachfolgend wird eine Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen den Konstrukten der Dunklen Triade und Studienerfolg berichtet. Studienerfolg wurde mittels Durchschnittsnote, Studiendauer, Kompetenzerwerb sowie Studienzufriedenheit operationalisiert und jeweils separat überprüft. Insgesamt wurden 98 Studierende der Hochschule Hannover befragt. Es konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhänge zwischen den drei Konstrukten der Dunklen Triade und Durchschnittsnote sowie Studiendauer festgestellt werden. Ebenfalls konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhänge zwischen Machiavellismus und Kompetenzerwerb sowie Studienzufriedenheit festgestellt werden. Auch für Narzissmus konnten keine statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhänge mit Kompetenzerwerb sowie Studienzufriedenheit festgestellt werden. Die Effekte dieser statistisch insignifikanten Ergebnisse sind in ihrer Höhe gering (r < 0,10). Als statistisch signifikant erwiesen sich die Zusammenhänge zwischen Psychopathie und Kompetenzerwerb (p = 0,01, r = -0,23) sowie zwischen Psychopathie und Studienzufriedenheit (p = 0,03, r = -0,20).
description: Personalpsychologie, 7
Water Institutional Reforms in Developing Countries: Insights, Evidences, and Case Studies
Creators: name: Saleth, R. Maria
name: Dinar, Ariel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Public policy (Law)
Water resources development--Management

description: While institutional reforms are critical for developing countries to enhance and sustain the economic and environmental contributions of their water sector, undertaking them is not an easy task in view of binding technical and political economy constraints. Despite these constraints, reforms of varying degree do occur in the water sector of many developing countries. What is the nature and extent of these reforms? How can we explain the forces that motive and constrain the reform process? How do countries overcome the reform constraints? What are the policy lessons that these reform experiences offer to other countries at reform threshold? This chapter attempts to address these and related questions by (a) utilizing an institutional transaction cost framework and (b) relying on stylized facts on water institutional reform observed across countries, empirical evidences on how institutional design and implementation principles are used to circumvent technical and political economy constraints, and case studies on the reform process in country-specific context. Based on the discussion and analysis, the chapter, then, concludes by identifying key implications for both theory and policy that could contribute to international policy dialogue on the interface between institutional reform and water resources management.
Development of a methodology to optimize low consistency refining of mechanical pulp
Creators: name: Luukkonen, Antti
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this dissertation we present a novel two-stage procedure to relate low consistency (LC) refiner operating conditions to changes in fibre morphology. To do so, a large database of operating conditions and resulting pulp properties were collected over a range of both pilot and industrial LC refiners operating with mechanical pulps. In total eight different Andritz TwinFlo™ were sampled over a three year period in both North America and Scandinavia. The two-stage methodology is based upon a classical dimensional analysis in which a reduced parameter space is related to each other through the use of statistical modelling. In the first stage we demonstrate a relationship between net power and operating parameters such as gap, rotational speed, diameter, plate pattern and consistency of the fibre suspension. For all refiners tested the model indicates that the net power increases nearly linearly with the inverse of gap size. In this portion of the analysis we found statistically significant relationships between operating conditions and suspension properties such as change in fibre length and Canadian Standard Freeness, an industrial standard related to pulp dewatering. In the second stage of this methodology, we build upon the work of Forgacs [1] and demonstrate that most paper properties, e.g. the mechanical strength, are related primarily to fibre length and freeness; over 80% of all variation in the data can be attributed to these two parameters. With this novel framework, in conjunction with the statistical models, we demonstrate that an optimum operating condition exist to maximize strength, and demonstrate the sensitivity of this relationship using a number of different type pulps. In the second portion of the thesis, we further develop a novel mechanical pulping process in which multiple stages of LC refining replace the second stage HC refining in a conventional TMP process. This work is motivated from the need to reduce electrical energy consumption to produce mechanical pulp. Using the two-stage methodology developed in the first portion of the thesis, we demonstrate under pilot plant conditions an energy savings of over 20% in comparison to a conventional TMP process to generate mechanical pulp of equal quality.
L-band spectroscopy of Galactic OB-stars
Creators: name: Najarro, F.
name: Hanson, M. M.
name: Puls, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Mass-loss, occurring through radiation driven supersonic winds, is a key issue throughout the evolution of massive stars. Two outstanding problems are currently challenging the theory of radiation-driven winds: wind clumping and the weak-wind problem. Aims. We seek to obtain accurate mass-loss rates of OB stars at different evolutionary stages to constrain the impact of both problems in our current understanding of massive star winds. Methods. We perform a multi-wavelength quantitative analysis of a sample of ten Galactic OB-stars by means of the atmospheric code CMFGEN, with special emphasis on the L-band window. A detailed investigation is carried out on the potential of Brα and Pfγ as mass-loss and clumping diagnostics. Results. For objects with dense winds, Brα samples the intermediate wind while Pfγ maps the inner one. In combination with other indicators (UV, Hα, Brγ) these lines enable us to constrain the wind clumping structure and to obtain "true" mass-loss rates. For objects with weak winds, Brα emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool to constrain the mass-loss rates. The emission component at the line Doppler-core superimposed on the rather shallow Stark absorption wings reacts very sensitively to mass loss already at very low mass-loss values. On the other hand, the line wings display similar sensitivity to mass loss as Hα, the classical optical mass loss diagnostics. Conclusions. Our investigation reveals the great diagnostic potential of L-band spectroscopy to derive clumping properties and mass-loss rates of hot star winds. We are confident that Brα will become the primary diagnostic tool to measure very low mass-loss rates with unprecedented accuracy
description: Accepted by A&A
Wyattella
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Wyattella

description: Species of Wyattella:
fungicola Mamaev, 1976. Palearctic.
japonica Jaschhof sp. nov., described below. Palearctic. sinica (Yang, 1998) [Thaumacecidomyia]. Oriental. ussuriensis Mamaev, 1966. Palearctic.
Two unnamed species from the Palearctic region.
Wyattella is a small, well-defined genus with a distinctly eastern Palearctic / Oriental distribution. Wyattella japonica is newly described here with the reservation that it cannot be compared character-by-character with Mamaev’s (1966, 1976) and Yang’s (1998) species, whose original descriptions lack specificity. Especially problematic is the fact that the male genitalia of none of these species were adequately illustrated. Wyattella lobata Yukawa, 1968 is here excluded from Wyattella and newly combined with Johnsonomyia (see there). Two unnamed Wyattella are known to me from Japan.
Diagnosis. The genus Wyattella contains conspicuously large, black-brown species, with male body lengths of 6.0–7.0 mm. The venation of Wyattella, characterized by presence of a furcate M1+2 and (single-branched) M4, is the most generalized vein pattern in the subfamily Winnertziinae, including Diallactiini (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013: fig. 20). Antennal sensory hairs with hooded alveoli are scattered, not arranged in whorls or lines, and palpi lack translucent sensilla; both these conditions are not met in other Diallactiini. Basitarsi have spines and claws are usually toothed (untoothed in W. fungicola), which are character states seldom found in diallactiines other than Wyattella. Male genitalia are peculiar for the presence of a thick, densely microtrichose membrane, apparently a medial outgrowth of the gonocoxites, which covers much of the ejaculatory apodeme and tegmen. The apex of the slender, telescopic ovipositor bears a number of characteristic large, sawtooth-shaped spines dorsally.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias, 2016, A review of world Diallactiini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with the description of six new genera and seventeen new species, pp. 201-244 in Zootaxa 4127 (2) on pages 239-240, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4127.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267022
Two-component perfect fluid in FRW universe
Creators: name: Kuzmichev, V. E.
name: Kuzmichev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the cosmological model which allows to describe on equal footing the evolution of matter in the universe on the time interval from the inflation till the domination of dark energy. The matter is considered as a two-component perfect fluid imitated by homogeneous scalar fields between which there is energy exchange. Dark energy is represented by the cosmological constant, which is supposed invariable during the whole evolution of the universe. The matter changes its equation of state with time, so that the era of radiation domination in the early universe smoothly passes into the era of a pressureless gas, which then passes into the late-time epoch, when the matter is represented by a gas of low-velocity cosmic strings. The inflationary phase is described as an analytic continuation of the energy density in the very early universe into the region of small negative values of the parameter which characterizes typical time of energy transfer from one matter component to another. The Hubble expansion rate, energy density of the matter, energy density parameter, and deceleration parameter as functions of time are found.
description: 10 pages, 2 EPS figures; v.2: new Section 5 (Conclusion), paragraphs about inflation and mechanical analogy are revised, references are added, some misprints are corrected
title: Biopolymers - facts and statistics
title: Production capacities, processing routes, feedstock, land and water use
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: IfBB – Institute For Bioplastics And Biocomposites
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 660 Technische Chemie

description: One of the main concerns of this publication is to furnish a more rational basis for discussing bioplastics and use fact-based arguments in the public discourse. Furthermore, “Biopolymers – facts and statistics” aims to provide specific, qualified answers easily and quickly for decision-makers in particular from public administration and the industrial sector. Therefore, this publication is made up like a set of rules and standards and largely foregoes textual detail. It offers extensive market-relevant and technical facts presented in graphs and charts, which means that the information is much easier to grasp. The reader can expect comparative market figures for various materials, regions, applications, process routes, agricultural land use, water use or resource consumption, production capacities, geographic distribution, etc.
description: Biopolymers - facts and statistics, 6
title: Edward II : England's lost saint?
Creators: name: Bowman, Gaynor
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: The cult that arose around the posthumous memory of Edward Il is currently recognised but dismissed as a brief, localised aberration, dependent upon external stimulus. The subsuming understandings required to support and project an image of Edward Il as a saintly figure remain unexplored. Therefore, this thesis through a synthesis and analysis of literary and material sources, read against contemporary political, cultural and religious views, aims to identify the foundations of his alleged sanctity and assess the nature, scope and duration of his veneration. This study contends that the idea of Edward Il as a martyr developed three years after his death when it was announced that he had been murdered. The vital nucleus to this was the deeply acculturated belief in the ' inherent sanctity of an anointed king, catalysed into veneration by the abject horror of his murder. This conviction adopted a political dimension in retrospective criticism of the regime of Isabella and Mortimer, which had supplanted the rule of Edward Il and usurped the rule of Edward Ill. The understanding of Edward Il as a saintly figure who stood against the usurpation of God's order became quiescently embedded into the contemporary spiritual hierarchy, resulting in some evidence of it becoming overlooked (as perhaps in the Luttrel/ Psalter) or under evaluated. This argument is explored through fresh interpretations, some re -dating and close readings of four literary pieces. The Lament of Edward If reveals a previously undetected analogy of Edward Il as Boethius. The Vita et Mars is suggested as a hagiography for the king. The Fieschi Letter is considered as a piece of anti-English propaganda emanating from the Hundred Years War and Adam Davy's 5 Dreams about Edward If is re-contextualised as a piece of propaganda possibly written or adapted to gain support for Bishop Despenser's crusade of 1383.
Measurement of the b-hadron production cross section using decays to D*muX final states in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The b-hadron production cross section is measured with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using 3.3 pb^-1 of integrated luminosity, collected during the 2010 LHC run. The b-hadrons are selected by partially reconstructing D*muX final states. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. The measured production cross section for a b-hadron with pT>9 GeV and |eta|<2.5 is 32.7 pm 0.8 (stat) ^{+4.5}_{-6.8} (syst) ub, higher than the next-to-leading-order QCD predictions but consistent within the experimental and theoretical uncertainties.
description: 20 pages plus author list (41 pages total), 3 figures, 9 tables, matches published NPB version
Labor force withdrawal, re-entry and wages by educational attainment in Japanese women
Creators: name: Higuchi, Yoshio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The purpose of this paper is twofold: 1) to identify differences in work history such as withdrawal from and reentry into the labor force among women with different educational backgrounds; and 2) to examine the mechanism which causes these differences from the perspective of the human capital theory.
Cointegration, Aggregate Consumption, and the Demand for Imports: A Structural Econometric Investigation
Creators: name: Clarida, Richard H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper uses a two-good version of the rational expectations permanent income model to derive a structural import demand equation for non-durable consumer goods. Under the identification restriction that taste shocks are stationary, the model is shown to imply that log imports, log domestic goods, and the log relative price of imports are co-integrated. The rational expectations permanent income hypothesis in conjunction with assumption of addilog (Houthakker (1960) ) preferences implies that the log of the demand for domestic goods is the correct "activity" variable on the right-hand-side of the import demand equation. This is because consumption of domestic goods is a noisy proxy for the unobservable utility index of permanent income, the marginal utility of wealth. Using the econometric approach suggested by Phillips-Loretan (1990), we estimate the co integrating vector and use these estimates to recover estimates of the utility parameters of the representative household. Given these utility parameters, we calculate expressions for the price and expenditure elasticities of import demand. The price elasticity of import demand is estimated to average 0.95 during the sample. The elasticity of import demand with respect to an increase in real spending is estimated to average 2.20. These estimates fall within the range reported in studies by Helkie and Hooper (1986), Cline (1989), and the many studies surveyed by Goldstein and Kahn (1985). The similarity between the OLS and Phillips-Loretan estimates of the parameters suggests that the simultaneous equation bias is not large.
Additional file 1 of Risk factors for the critical illness in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Cheng, Sijing
name: Wu, Dingfeng
name: Li, Jie
name: Zou, Yifeng
name: Wan, Yunle
name: Shen, Lihan
name: Zhu, Lixin
name: Shi, Mang
name: Hou, Linlin
name: Xu, Tao
name: Jiao, Na
name: Li, Yichen
name: Huang, Yibo
name: Tang, Zhipeng
name: Xu, Mingwei
name: Jiang, Shusong
name: Li, Maokun
name: Yan, Guangjun
name: Lan, Ping
name: Zhu, Ruixin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Reference value of variables and their potential confounders adjusted in multivariable logistic regression.
Electric vehicles with Vehicle-to-Grid capability in the future power system: optimal charging, discharging and trip scheduling
Creators: name: Blatiak, Alicia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2023

description: As countries electrify road transport and decarbonise electricity, the demand for power is in- creasing while generation becomes more intermittent due to renewable energy uptake. This makes power system operation challenging and expensive. With expected high electric vehicle load, coordinating charging and discharging to balance supply and demand for electricity is important to avoid overburdening the network. Bidirectional charging through Vehicle-to-Grid could unlock significant storage capacity from parked electric vehicles when they are plugged in. This thesis focuses on the opportunities presented by scheduling charging, discharging and travel (trips) for commercial electric vehicle fleet operation to benefit both the fleet and network operators. Opportunities for carbon emission reduction are also considered. Throughout, this thesis integrates real-world data and learning from the Vehicle-to-Grid demonstrator project, E-Flex, of which the author was a contributor. The study identifies economically effi cient ways in which a future system may operate, and highlights barriers to such implementation. A foundational optimisation model is set out and an analysis of examined scenarios is produced, covering various configurations for scheduling charging for 12 trial fleets. The multi-service optimal charging scheduling model developed for this analysis is extended in two ways. Firstly, a novel operational strategy integrating trip scheduling is implemented with future energy and ancillary service prices to understand potential scenarios for commercial fleets. Secondly, to account for randomness in prices and travel data, machine learning is applied to a multi-service charging strategy, showing the benefits of real-time scheduling. This approach utilises the rich data-set provided by the real world project and employs a novel reinforcement learning environment. The thesis contributes to understanding optimal operational strategies for electric vehicles with Vehicle-to-Grid in the future power system, demonstrating the benefits of market participation.
Universal Amplitude Ratios in the Ising Model in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Gordillo-Guerrero, A.
name: Kenna, R.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a high-precision Monte Carlo simulation to determine the universal specific-heat amplitude ratio A+/A- in the three-dimensional Ising model via the impact angle ϕof complex temperature zeros. We also measure the correlation-length critical exponent νfrom finite-size scaling, and the specific-heat exponent αthrough hyperscaling. Extrapolations to the thermodynamic limit yield ϕ= 59.2(1.0) degrees, A+/A- = 0.56(3), ν= 0.63048(32) and α= 0.1086(10). These results are compatible with some previous estimates from a variety of sources and rule out recently conjectured exact values.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Impacts of Macroeconomic Policies on the Environment, Natural Resources and Welfare in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Strand, Jon
name: Mundaca, Gabriela
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: This chapter discusses some relationships between the macro economy, economic policy at the macro level, and the environmental and resource situation in developing countries. We focus on 5 issues, namely taxes and subsidies directed at energy and resource sectors, investments with particular environmental and resource implications, exchange rate and monetary policy, financial sector issues, and effects of crises and stress situations. Main findings are, first, that while having been reduced somewhat in later years, energy and resource subsidies still contribute to substantial excessive environmental and resource stress. Secondly, erratic monetary policy manifested through instability of the domestic currency, devaluations and high interest rate, lead to environmental and resource stress, in particular higher extraction of non-renewables such as forests. Thirdly, crises caused by financial turmoil and/or domestic chaos often have similar consequences as they tend to cause economic agents to take very short-run positions e.g. in the form of over-extraction and sub-optimal environmental care. It is stressed that most of the relationships discussed in this chapter are quite uncertain and that further research is highly warranted.
Additional file 2 of Risk factors for the critical illness in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Cheng, Sijing
name: Wu, Dingfeng
name: Li, Jie
name: Zou, Yifeng
name: Wan, Yunle
name: Shen, Lihan
name: Zhu, Lixin
name: Shi, Mang
name: Hou, Linlin
name: Xu, Tao
name: Jiao, Na
name: Li, Yichen
name: Huang, Yibo
name: Tang, Zhipeng
name: Xu, Mingwei
name: Jiang, Shusong
name: Li, Maokun
name: Yan, Guangjun
name: Lan, Ping
name: Zhu, Ruixin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table S2. Performance of different models for predicting critical illness in SARS-CoV-2 infection.