the effect of incomplete vaccination among the cause of morbidity and mortality among children under the age of five In Howl-wadaag district
Creators: name: Mohamed, Hussein Abdirahman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: the effect of incomplete
vaccination among
the cause of morbidity
and mortality among
children under the age
of five In Howl-wadaag district

description: Abstract 

Immunization has emerged as a highly effective tool for controlling and eradicating communicable diseases. Notably, the World Health Organization (WHO) executed a successful immunization campaign from 1967 to 1977, resulting in the eradication of smallpox, a disease that previously threatened 60% of the global population and claimed the lives of one in four victims (WHO, 2021). In Africa, the Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey in 2011 (EDHS-2011) reported that the coverage level for DPT-3 and the percentage of fully immunized children were 36.5% and 24.3%, respectively. In the Oromia region, DPT-3 and full immunization coverage were even lower at 26.8% and 15.6% respectively.  According to EDHS-2011, DPT-3 coverage in many regions was below 80%, with the lowest coverage in the Africa region at 9% and the highest in Tigray at 73.4% and Oromia at 26.8% (Elias and Warku, 2015). In Somalia, WHO reports from developing countries indicate that health workers are overwhelmingly concerned with only raising immunization coverage. Loss of vaccine potency during transportation or storage is a critical factor that can impact the effectiveness of immunization services and hinder the achievement of the ultimate goal of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) - disease reduction and prevention of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks (EAST AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL, 2000). In which only 35.3% were fully vaccinated, 41% were partially vaccinated and nearly one fourth (23.7%) of the children are unvaccinated. About 96% mothers heard about vaccination and vaccine preventable disease; from these 79.5% them can correctly mention the objective of immunization  Less than half of the mother knows the age at the child begins immunization, 67.9% knows correctly the age at the child finishes vaccination, and only one fourth them knows the session needed to be fully vaccinated. Mothers’ awareness on age at the child begins and finishes immunization, ANC follow up and institutional delivery services were the significant independent predictors’ full immunization status of children age under five. For the child to be vaccinated sex child also significantly associated in addition to the predictors of full vaccination. Children are defaulted mostly because of absence of inappropriate time of vaccination and lack of information. Children are unvaccinated mostly because of absence of health professionals who give vaccination from their locality and mothers not believe the use of vaccination. Based on the finding of the study the following recommendation are forwarded. The Ministry of health (MoH) and other stakeholders should work to raise the awareness by designing proper health education targeting the mothers/caretakers on benefit, correct age the child should begin and finishes as well as session needed for complete immunization. Ministry of health (MoH) and health workers of the Howl-wadag district should work to increase the ANC follow up and institutional delivery which is also used to increasing the immunization status. Appropriate vaccination time should be arranged for the mothers/caretakers, like merchants and daily labour, who do not have enough time during the working day after assessing the need. Proper information on the doses and timing of the vaccination should be given for the mother coming for immunizing their child by health profession working on immunization service. Vaccines should be available all time in the health institution giving vaccination service with appropriate storage materials. The health officers should control absence of health worker