cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How far can one send a photon?
Creators: name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The answer to the question {\it How far can one send a photon?} depends heavily on what one means by {\it a photon} and on what one intends to do with that photon. For direct quantum communication the limit is of about 500 km. For terrestrial quantum communication, near future technologies based on quantum teleportation and quantum memories will soon enable quantum repeaters that will turn the development of a world-wide-quantum-web (WWQW) into a (highly non-trivial) engineering problem. For Device Independent Quantum Information Processing, near future qubit amplifiers (i.e. probabilistic heralded amplification of the probability amplitude of presence of photonic qubits) will soon allow demonstrations over a few tens of km.
description: Proceedings of QCMC 2014, Hefei. 6 pages Correction of an annoying typo
Recovery, Visualization, and Analysis of Actin and Tubulin Polymer Flow in Live Cells: A Fluorescent Speckle Microscopy Study
Creators: name: Vallotton, P.
name: Waterman-Storer, C. M.
name: Danuser, G.
name: Ponti, A.
name: Salmon, E. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Fluorescent speckle microscopy (FSM) is becoming the technique of choice for analyzing in vivo the dynamics of polymer assemblies, such as the cytoskeleton. The massive amount of data produced by this method calls for computational approaches to recover the quantities of interest; namely, the polymerization and depolymerization activities and the motions undergone by the cytoskeleton over time. Attempts toward this goal have been hampered by the limited signal-to-noise ratio of typical FSM data, by the constant appearance and disappearance of speckles due to polymer turnover, and by the presence of flow singularities characteristic of many cytoskeletal polymer assemblies. To deal with these problems, we present a particle-based method for tracking fluorescent speckles in time-lapse FSM image series, based on ideas from operational research and graph theory. Our software delivers the displacements of thousands of speckles between consecutive frames, taking into account that speckles may appear and disappear. In this article we exploit this information to recover the speckle flow field. First, the software is tested on synthetic data to validate our methods. We then apply it to mapping filamentous actin retrograde flow at the front edge of migrating newt lung epithelial cells. Our results confirm findings from previously published kymograph analyses and manual tracking of such FSM data and illustrate the power of automated tracking for generating complete and quantitative flow measurements. Third, we analyze microtubule poleward flux in mitotic metaphase spindles assembled in Xenopus egg extracts, bringing new insight into the dynamics of microtubule assemblies in this system.
The Implementation of Slab Geometry for Membrane-Channel Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Creators: name: Berkowitz, Max L.
name: Bostick, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2003

description: Slab geometric boundary conditions are applied in the molecular dynamics simulation of a simple membrane-channel system. The results of the simulation were compared to those of an analogous system using normal three-dimensional periodic boundary conditions. Analysis of the dynamics and electrostatics of the system show that slab geometric periodicity eliminates the artificial bulk water orientational polarization that is present while using normal three-dimensional periodicity. Furthermore, even though the water occupancy and volume of our simple channel is the same when using either method, the electrostatic properties are considerably different when using slab geometry. In particular, the orientational polarization of water is seen to be different in the interior of the channel. This gives rise to a markedly different electric field within the channel. We discuss the implications of slab geometry for the future simulation of this type of system and for the study of channel transport properties.
Complexation of Phosphatidylcholine Lipids with Cholesterol
Creators: name: Pandit, Sagar A.
name: Bostick, David
name: Berkowitz, Max L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: It is postulated that the specific interactions between cholesterol and lipids in biological membranes are crucial in the formation of complexes leading subsequently to membrane domains (so-called rafts). These interactions are studied in molecular dynamics simulations performed on a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-cholesterol bilayer mixture and a dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC)-cholesterol bilayer mixture, both having a cholesterol concentration of 40 mol %. Complexation of the simulated phospholipids with cholesterol is observed and visualized, exhibiting 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometries. The most popular complex is found to be 1:1 in the case of DLPC, whereas the DPPC system carries a larger population of 2:1 complexes. This difference in the observed populations of complexes is shown to be a result of differences in packing geometry and phospholipid conformation due to the differing tail length of the two phosphatidylcholine lipids. Furthermore, aggregation of these complexes appears to form hydrogen-bonded networks in the system containing a mixture of cholesterol and DPPC. The CH⋯O hydrogen bond plays a crucial role in the formation of these complexes as well as the hydrogen bonded aggregates. The aggregation and extension of such a network implies a possible means by which phospholipid:cholesterol domains form.
Role of Orientational Disorder in ZSM-22 in the Adsorption of SO$_2$
Creators: name: Vellamarthodika, Sadique
name: Gautam, Siddharth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational studies addressing the adsorption of fluids in nano-porous materials mostly use ideal single crystal models of the adsorbent. While a few recent studies have tried to address the effects of inter-crystalline spacing on the adsorption of fluids in polycrystalline models of nano-porous materials, the effects of the orientational disorder in the polycrystalline adsorbent remain unexplored. Here we report the adsorption of SO$_2$, an industrially and environmentally important gas, in ZSM-22, a zeolite characterized by straight channel like pores. The simple pore geometry of ZSM-22 helps us make polycrystalline models of the adsorbent with different degrees of orientational disorder. Using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, we obtain the adsorption isotherms of SO$_2$ in ZSM-22 with different inter-crystalline spacings and degree of orientational disorder. Introducing inter-crystalline space is found to enhance the adsorption capacity, with a larger inter-crystalline space leading to higher adsorption. Increasing the orientational disorder of the adsorbent is found to enhance the adsorption capacity too. However, the effects of orientational disorder become weaker when the inter-crystalline space is widened. This weakening of the effect of orientational disorder is a result of an interplay between the width of the inter-crystalline space and the strength of guest-guest interactions.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
(101454) Francis William Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Role of renal artery trans-catheter embolization in management of haematuria after stone removal procedures
Creators: name: Abdelatif, Mohamed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Embolisation
subject: Cost-effectiveness
subject: Catheters
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Abdomen

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Significant bleeding remains an important complication after both open surgery and PCNL occurring in 8-37 % of cases. Risk factors include pre-operative positive urine culture, diabetes and large stone burden (1) . Post procedure bleeding is managed...
Energetics of Vesicle Fusion Intermediates: Comparison of Calculations with Observed Effects of Osmotic and Curvature Stresses
Creators: name: Malinin, Vladimir S.
name: Lentz, Barry R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We reported previously the effects of both osmotic and curvature stress on fusion between poly(ethylene glycol)-aggregated vesicles. In this article, we analyze the energetics of fusion of vesicles of different curvature, paying particular attention to the effects of osmotic stress on small, highly curved vesicles of 26 nm diameter, composed of lipids with negative intrinsic curvature. Our calculations show that high positive curvature of the outer monolayer “charges” these vesicles with excess bending energy, which then releases during stalk expansion (increase of the stalk radius, rs) and thus “drives” fusion. Calculations based on the known mechanical properties of lipid assemblies suggest that the free energy of “void” formation as well as membrane-bending free energy dominate the evolution of a stalk to an extended transmembrane contact. The free-energy profile of stalk expansion (free energy versus rs) clearly shows the presence of two metastable intermediates (intermediate 1 at rs ∼0 − 1.0 nm and intermediate 2 at rs ∼2.5 − 3.0 nm). Applying osmotic gradients of ±5 atm, when assuming a fixed trans-bilayer lipid mass distribution, did not significantly change the free-energy profile. However, inclusion in the model of an additional degree of freedom, the ability of lipids to move into and out of the “void”, made the free-energy profile strongly dependent on the osmotic gradient. Vesicle expansion increased the energy barrier between intermediates by ∼4 kT and the absolute value of the barrier by ∼7 kT, whereas compression decreased it by nearly the same extent. Since these calculations, which are based on the stalk hypothesis, correctly predict the effects of both membrane curvature and osmotic stress, they support the stalk hypothesis for the mechanism of membrane fusion and suggest that both forms of stress alter the final stages, rather than the initial step, of the fusion process, as previously suggested.
Exterior Site Occupancy Infers Chloride-Induced Proton Gating in a Prokaryotic Homolog of the ClC Chloride Channel
Creators: name: Bostick, David L.
name: Berkowitz, Max L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The ClC family of anion channels mediates the efficient, selective permeation of Cl− across the biological membranes of living cells under the driving force of an electrochemical gradient. In some eukaryotes, these channels are known to exhibit a unique gating mechanism, which appears to be triggered by the permeant Cl− anion. We infer details of this gating mechanism by studying the free energetics of Cl− occupancy in the pore of a prokaryotic ClC homolog. These free energetics were gleaned from 30 ns of molecular dynamics simulation on an ∼133,000-atom system consisting of a hydrated membrane embedded StClC transporter. The binding sites for Cl− in the transporter were determined for the cases where the putative gating residue, Glu148, was protonated and unprotonated. When the glutamate gate is protonated, Cl− favorably occupies an exterior site, Sext, to form a queue of anions in the pore. However, when the glutamate gate is unprotonated, Cl− cannot occupy this site nor, consequently, pass through the pore. An additional, previously undetected, site was found in the pore near the outer membrane that exists regardless of the protonation state of Glu148. Although this suggests that, for the prokaryotic homolog, protonation of Glu148 may be the first step in transporting Cl− at the expense of H+ transport in the opposite direction, an evolutionary argument might suggest that Cl− opens the ClC gate in eukaryotic channels by inducing the conserved glutamate's protonation. During an additional 20 ns free dynamics simulation, the newly discovered outermost site, Sout, and the innermost site, Sint, were seen to allow spontaneous exchange of Cl− ions with the bulk electrolyte while under depolarization conditions.
Mixedness and Entanglement in the presence of Localized Closed Timelike Curves
Creators: name: Jung, Eylee
name: Park, DaeKil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine mixedness and entanglement of the chronology-respecting (CR) system with assuming that quantum mechanical closed timelike curves (CTCs) exist in nature and by introducing the qubit system and applying the general controlled operations between CR and CTC systems. We use the magnitude of Bloch vector as a measure of mixedness. While Deutschian-CTC (D-CTC) either preserves or decreases the magnitude, postselected-CTC (P-CTC) can increases it. Nonintuitively, even the completely mixed CR-qubit can be converted into a pure state after CTC-qubit travels around the P-CTC. It is also shown that while D-CTC cannot increase the entanglement of CR system, P-CTC can increase it. Surprisingly, any partially entangled state can be maximally entangled pure state if P-CTC exists. Thus, distillation of P-CTC-assisted entanglement can be easily achieved without preparing the multiple copies of the partially entangled state.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure; V2 12 pages, references added, will appear in QIP
Powerful laser-produced quasi-half-cycle THz pulses
Creators: name: Kuratov, A. S.
name: Brantov, A. V.
name: Kovalev, V. F.
name: Bychenkov, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Maxwell equations based 3D analytical solution for the terahertz half-cycle electromagnetic wave transition radiation pulse has been found. This solution describes generation and propagation of transition radiation into free space from laser-produced relativistic electron bunch crossing a target-vacuum interface as a result of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with a thin high-conductivity target. The analytical solution found complements the theory of laser initiated transition radiation by describing the generated THz wave shape at the arbitrary distance from the generating target surface domain including near-field zone rather than the standard far-field characterization. The analytical research has also been supplemented with the 3D simulations using the finite-diference time-domain (FDTD) method, which makes it possible for description of much wider spatial domain as compared to that from the particle-in-cell (PIC) approach. The results reported fundamentally shed light on the interfere of an electron bunch field and THz field of broadband transition radiation from laser-plasma interaction studied for a long time in the experiments with solid density plasma and may in future inspire them to targeted measurements and investigations of unique super intense half-cycle THz radiation waves near the laser target.
Black hole solutions in scalar-tensor symmetric teleparallel gravity
Creators: name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Valcarcel, Jorge Gigante
name: Järv, Laur
name: Lember, Joosep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Symmetric teleparallel gravity is constructed with a nonzero nonmetricity tensor while both torsion and curvature are vanishing. In this framework, we find exact scalarised spherically symmetric static solutions in scalar-tensor theories built with a nonminimal coupling between the nonmetricity scalar and a scalar field. It turns out that the Bocharova-Bronnikov-Melnikov-Bekenstein solution has a symmetric teleparallel analogue (in addition to the recently found metric teleparallel analogue), while some other of these solutions describe scalarised black hole configurations that are not known in the Riemannian or metric teleparallel scalar-tensor case. To aid the analysis we also derive no-hair theorems for the theory. Since the symmetric teleparallel scalar-tensor models also include $f(Q)$ gravity, we shortly discuss this case and further prove a theorem which says that by imposing that the metric functions are the reciprocal of each other ($g_{rr}=1/g_{tt}$), the $f(Q)$ gravity theory reduces to the symmetric teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (plus a cosmological constant), and the metric takes the (Anti)de-Sitter-Schwarzschild form.
description: Matches published version in JCAP. 24 pages, 1 figure
Rüdiger Articus, Das Urnengräberfeld von Kasseedorf, Lkr. Ostholstein
Creators: name: Schuster, Jan
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2023

description: Rezension zu: Rüdiger Articus, Das Urnengräberfeld von Kasseedorf, Lkr. Ostholstein. Die Entwicklung des südöstlichen Schleswig-Holstein während der jüngeren römischen Kaiserzeit. Mit einem Beitrag von Thomas Brock. Internationale Archäologie, Band 74. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden / Westfalen 2004. € 71,50. 278 Seiten, 147 Abbildungen, 127 Tafeln und 9 Tabellen.
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 87 Nr. 1 2009(2011)
Mechanism of Calmodulin Inhibition of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Release Channel (Ryanodine Receptor)
Creators: name: Xu, Le
name: Meissner, Gerhard
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The functional effects of calmodulin (CaM) on single cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) (RyR2s) were determined in the presence of two endogenous channel effectors, MgATP and reduced glutathione, using the planar lipid bilayer method. Single-channel activities, number of events, and open and close times were determined at varying cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. CaM reduced channel open probability at μM Ca2+ by decreasing channel events and mean open times and increasing mean close times. At >10 μM Ca2+, CaM was less effective in inhibiting RyR2. CaM decreased mean open times but increased channel events, without significantly affecting mean close times. A series of voltage pulses was applied to the bilayer from +50 to −50 mV and from −50 mV to +50 mV to rapidly increase and decrease open channel-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum lumenal to cytosolic Ca2+ fluxes. CaM decreased the duration of the open events after the voltage switch from −50 mV to +50 mV. In parallel experiments, a Ca2+-insensitive calmodulin mutant was without effect on RyR2 activity. The results are discussed in terms of a possible role of CaM in the termination of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release.
(101453) Nigel Fowler Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The relaunch of regional social dialogue in Poland. How politics shaped institutions, and how institutions are likely to shape social change
Creators: name: Bellini, Andrea
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2017

description: This article, inspired by the recent restructuring of social dialogue in Poland, reflects on the role played by neo-corporatist institutions in the country, with specific reference to their capacity (or not) to influence the approach, contents and implementation of labour policies and, therefore, affect social change. For this purpose, it presents the findings of a case study focused on the sub-national level of regulation and conducted in the region of Lower Silesia, within the framework of the Airmulp project. The analysis - which relies on mixed methods, including the analysis of statistical data, the review of official documents, and interviews with key informants - reveals that regional social dialogue is not likely to produce substantial outcomes and is, most feasibly, a means for building consensus on neo-liberal policies from the bottom up.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 6 No. 12 (2016)
Garanzie o promesse? Le politiche attive per il lavoro nelle Marche dal punto di vista dei beneficiari
Creators: name: Sergi, Vittorio
name: Giannelli, Nicola
name: Cefalo, Ruggero
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2017

description: In the Marche region Youth Guarantee (YG) registered high levels of adhesion by young people as the subscription rate has reached almost 100% of the estimated target base. The Marche regional government has preferred not to rise high expectations in a large number of young people, offering only those policy measures that was able to fund. Those who seem to have benefited the most of those policies are young people who were already active in seeking a job and who had more expertise or network resources. These don’t attain strictly to the NEET condition. Internships have resulted in real employment when responded to real training projects shared between the worker and the company, otherwise they often risked to become a way to exploit workers at expenses of public budget. Beneficiaries showed a good opinion of training courses but complained about job offers and skills matching on the local market. Weakness and fragmentation of the supply in labour market make difficult a good planning of training needs, especially in the future. Respondents to our interviews can be summarized in three main categories: skilled, confused and disadvantaged. The first ones can benefit from YG limited resources because they have added it to their own social capital; the second ones had troubles in gaining from this chance as they miss some personal or social capital that would fit with plan’s measures; the last ones are not helped and in many cases not even touched by this policy, and unfortunately they are closer to the core of real NEET youth that were expected to be the main target of this active labour market policy.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 6 No. 12 (2016)
La creatività e l’innovazione come collegamento tra artista e pubblico
Creators: name: Tessarolo, Mariselda
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2017

description: An innovator is a subject who’s not afraid of abandoning tradition. Some of his interpretations initially intended as deviations from the system, as errors, were proved to be nothing else but a displacement of the system. An important point for creativity is becoming aware (noticing, recognizing, understanding) that it is the moment to change, or that this moment is getting closer. What is and has been defined as art comes from experiences and actions that are, for their nature, continuative and collective. Such a situation derives from the fact that the experiences were nothing else than the steps of many on a previously well marked road, provided of finger-posts all wayfarers can easily read. The art as practice is rooted in the texture of the collective existence in which the individual which assumes it searches for reasons, excuses and justifications, but, at last, he has to face a specific activity the constant evolution of which neither the primitivity nor the holy could take account of.
description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 6 No. 12 (2016)
MEMORIES OF THE FUTURE: SPECULATIVE FABULATIONS ON THE FUTURE OF THE OPUNTIAE CACTUS & THE COCHINEAL INSECT
Creators: name: De Thélin, Roseline
Publisher: name: Ecopoiesis: eco-human theory and practice
Year: 2024
Subjects: Opuntiae cactus
Cochineal insect
tentacular thinking
“cosmovisión”
“speculative fabulations”
surrealism

description: "Memories of the Future" is an ecopoietic project by artist / expressive art teacher, who is aiming to raise awareness on the disappearance of the Prickly Pear cactus, in the Balearic Islands and mainland Spain due to a plague of Cochineal. Inspired by Donna Haraway's writings (“Staying with the trouble”, in particular) the artist created surreal scenes as “speculative fabulations” from a mix of artificial intelligence, digital and analogue manipulation, with the aim of fostering new narratives and perspective shifts in the face of ecological issues.
Georg Simmel (1989), Sociologia, Milano: Edizioni di Comunità; ed. orig. Soziologie. Untersuchungen über die Formen der Vergesellschaftung, Berlin: Dunker & Humblot, 1908
Creators: name: Calabrò, Annarita
Publisher: name: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali
Year: 2017

description: Cambio. Rivista sulle Trasformazioni Sociali, Vol. 6 No. 12 (2016)
(101452) Walter Llewellyn Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Representation of a gauge field via intrinsic "BRST" operator
Creators: name: Batalin, Igor A.
name: Lavrov, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that there exists a representation of a matrix valued gauge field via intrinsic "BRST" operator assigned to matrix valued generators of a gauge algebra. In this way, we reproduce the standard formulation of the ordinary Yang - Mills theory. In the case of a generating quasigroup/groupoid, we give a natural counterpart to the Yang - Mills action. The latter counterpart does also apply as to the most general case of an involution for matrix-valued gauge generators.
description: 15 pages, no figures, Section 6 extended with (6.14), (6.15); v3: Section 7 added, minor corrections; v4: Section 4, minor corrections; v5: formula (4.11) modified
(101451) Elizabeth Helen Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
GPT-3 Models are Few-Shot Financial Reasoners
Creators: name: de Padua, Raul Salles
name: Qureshi, Imran
name: Karakaplan, Mustafa U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Financial analysis is an important tool for evaluating company performance. Practitioners work to answer financial questions to make profitable investment decisions, and use advanced quantitative analyses to do so. As a result, Financial Question Answering (QA) is a question answering task that requires deep reasoning about numbers. Furthermore, it is unknown how well pre-trained language models can reason in the financial domain. The current state-of-the-art requires a retriever to collect relevant facts about the financial question from the text and a generator to produce a valid financial program and a final answer. However, recently large language models like GPT-3 have achieved state-of-the-art performance on wide variety of tasks with just a few shot examples. We run several experiments with GPT-3 and find that a separate retrieval model and logic engine continue to be essential components to achieving SOTA performance in this task, particularly due to the precise nature of financial questions and the complex information stored in financial documents. With this understanding, our refined prompt-engineering approach on GPT-3 achieves near SOTA accuracy without any fine-tuning.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
(101450) Clifford Evans Fowler Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Bound states induced giant oscillations of the conductance in the quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Kadigrobov, A. M.
name: Fistul, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically studied the quasiparticle transport in a 2D electron gas biased in the quantum Hall regime and in the presence of a lateral potential barrier. The lateral junction hosts the specific magnetic field dependent quasiparticle states highly localized in the transverse direction. The quantum tunnelling across the barrier provides a complex bands structure of a one-dimensional energy spectrum of these bound states, $ε_n(p_y)$, where $p_y$ is the electron momentum in the longitudinal direction $y$. Such a spectrum manifests itself by a large number of peaks and drops in the dependence of the magnetic edge states transmission coefficient $D(E)$ on the electron energy $E$. E.g., the high value of $D$ occurs as soon as the electron energy $E$ reaches gaps in the spectrum. These peaks and drops of $D(E)$ result in giant oscillations of the transverse conductance $G_x$ with the magnetic field and/or the transport voltage. Our theoretical analysis based on the coherent macroscopic quantum superposition of the bound states and the magnetic edge states propagating along the system boundaries, is in a good accord with the experimental observations found in Ref. W. Kang et al., Letters to Nature, 403, 59 (2000).
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; added Appendix and 1 figure; added 1 reference
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Amyloid β Dimer Formation
Creators: name: Cruz, L.
name: Sammond, D.
name: Dokholyan, N. V.
name: Buldyrev, S. V.
name: Stanley, H. E.
name: Urbanc, B.
name: Ding, F.
name: Khare, S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Recent experiments with amyloid β (Aβ) peptide indicate that formation of toxic oligomers may be an important contribution to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. The toxicity of Aβ oligomers depends on their structure, which is governed by assembly dynamics. Due to limitations of current experimental techniques, a detailed knowledge of oligomer structure at the atomic level is missing. We introduce a molecular dynamics approach to study Aβ dimer formation. 1), We use discrete molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained model to identify a variety of dimer conformations; and 2), we employ all-atom molecular mechanics simulations to estimate thermodynamic stability of all dimer conformations. Our simulations of a coarse-grained Aβ peptide model predicts 10 different planar β-strand dimer conformations. We then estimate the free energies of all dimer conformations in all-atom molecular mechanics simulations with explicit water. We compare the free energies of Aβ(1–42) and Aβ(1–40) dimers. We find that 1), dimer conformations have higher free energies compared to their corresponding monomeric states; and 2), the free-energy difference between the Aβ(1–42) and the corresponding Aβ(1–40) dimer conformation is not significant. Our results suggest that Aβ oligomerization is not accompanied by the formation of thermodynamically stable planar β-strand dimers.
Mode-coupling effects in an optically-injected dual-wavelength laser
Creators: name: Abdollahi, Shahab
name: Marin-Palomo, Pablo
name: Virte, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lasers designed to emit at multiple and controllable modes, or multi-wavelength lasers, have the potential to become key building blocks for future microwave photonic technologies. While many interesting schemes relying on optical injection have been proposed, the nonlinear mode coupling between different modes of a multi-wavelength laser and their dynamical behavior under optical injection remains vastly unexplored. Here, we experimentally and numerically study the effect of optical injection around the suppressed mode of a dual12 wavelength laser and the resulting interactions with the dominant mode. We highlight a wavelength shift of the dominant mode triggered by injection locking of the suppressed mode and report a strong impact of the mode suppression ratio on the locking range. Finally, we show numerically that the cross-coupling parameter between the two modes might have a key role in this effect.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, published
Estudio De Percepción Agosto 2022
Creators: name: Cámara De Industrias Y Producción (CIP)
name: Fundación Ciudadanía Y Desarrollo (FCD)
name: GK
name: Tandem
name: USAID
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2023

description: Things going in right/wrong direction in Quito (3); main problems of Quito (3); situation will get better/worse (2); neighborhood safety (6); crime (6); transportation and mobility (6); education (5); mental health (2); health care (4); satisfaction with public services (1); cultural activities (1); employment (4); social responsibility (8); corruption (1); environmental issues (1); mayor approval rating (1); trust in mayor/local government (3); city management (2).
Multiple Folding Pathways of the SH3 Domain
Creators: name: Buldyrev, Sergey V.
name: Ding, Feng
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
name: Borreguero, Jose M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Experimental observations suggest that proteins follow different folding pathways under different environmental conditions. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of a model of the c-Crk SH3 domain over a broad range of temperatures, and identify distinct pathways in the folding transition. We determine the kinetic partition temperature—the temperature for which the c-Crk SH3 domain undergoes a rapid folding transition with minimal kinetic barriers—and observe that below this temperature the model protein may undergo a folding transition by multiple folding pathways via only one or two intermediates. Our findings suggest the hypothesis that the SH3 domain, a protein fold for which only two-state folding kinetics was observed in previous experiments, may exhibit intermediate states under conditions that strongly stabilize the native state.
NATURAL ARCHETYPE OF THE MOON IN CULTURE AND THE ARTS
Creators: name: Kopytin, Alexander
Publisher: name: Ecopoiesis: eco-human theory and practice
Year: 2024
Subjects: Moon
archetypes of nature
eco-humanitarian approach
poiesis
ecopoiesis

description: The article examines the influence of the Moon as a celestial body of the solar system, closely connected with the Earth, on humans. It is shown how, through creative activity in the interaction of humans with this celestial body, new meanings and forms of experience are formed and their renewal in culture takes place. In this case, the Moon acts not only as a physical object, but also as one of the natural archetypes, due to which a complex of human potentials is realized in their connection with the environment. When considering the Moon as a natural phenomenon, special attention is paid to those types of activities when it is perceived through the prism of non-pragmatic, artistic and aesthetic experience, closely related to the sense of beauty. When considering this mode of perception of the Moon, the concepts of poiesis and ecopoiesis are used.
(101448) David William Nash
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Role of the Linker Domain and the 203–214 N-Terminal Residues in the Human Topoisomerase I DNA Complex Dynamics
Creators: name: Desideri, A.
name: Bruselles, A.
name: Chillemi, G.
name: Redinbo, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: The influence of the N-terminal residues 203–214 and the linker domain on motions in the human topoisomerase I-DNA complex has been investigated by comparing the molecular dynamics simulations of the system with (topo70) or without (topo58/6.3) these regions. Topo58/6.3 is found to fluctuate more than topo70, indicating that the presence of the N-terminal residues and the linker domain dampen the core and C-terminal fluctuations. The simulations also show that residues 203–207 and the linker domain participate in a network of correlated movements with key regions of the enzyme, involved in the human topoisomerase I catalytic cycle, providing a structural-dynamical explanation for the better DNA relaxation activity of topo70 when compared to topo58/6.3. The data have been examined in relation to a wealth of biochemical, site-directed mutagenesis and crystallographic data on human topoisomerase I. The simulations finally show the occurrence of a network of direct and water mediated hydrogen bonds in the proximity of the active site, and the presence of a water molecule in the appropriate position to accept a proton from the catalytic Tyr-723 residue, suggesting that water molecules have an important role in the stabilization and function of this enzyme.
Analysis of inter-transaction time fluctuations in the cryptocurrency market
Creators: name: Kwapień, Jarosław
name: Wątorek, Marcin
name: Bezbradica, Marija
name: Crane, Martin
name: Mai, Tai Tan
name: Drożdż, Stanisław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We analyse tick-by-tick data representing major cryptocurrencies traded on some different cryptocurrency trading platforms. We focus on such quantities like the inter-transaction times, the number of transactions in time unit, the traded volume, and volatility. We show that the inter-transaction times show long-range power-law autocorrelations. These lead to multifractality expressed by the right-side asymmetry of the singularity spectra $f(α)$ indicating that the periods of increased market activity are characterised by richer multifractality compared to the periods of quiet market. We also show that neither the stretched exponential distribution nor the power-law-tail distribution are able to model universally the cumulative distribution functions of the quantities considered in this work. For each quantity, some data sets can be modeled by the former, some data sets by the latter, while both fail in other cases. An interesting, yet difficult to account for, observation is that parallel data sets from different trading platforms can show disparate statistical properties.
ONE DAY IN A FLOCK WITH WOLVES. LESSONS OF WILDLIFE
Creators: name: Ryabikov, Vadim
Publisher: name: Ecopoiesis: eco-human theory and practice
Year: 2024

description: In this essay I describe a meditative retreat in contact with a flock of wolves kept in an enclosure. The retreat was conducted by me several times a year in the Leningrad region for 12 years. The principles on which the meditation practice was built are explained, and a description of the experiences of the retreat participants is given.
Flow of wet granular materials: a numerical study
Creators: name: Khamseh, Saeed
name: Roux, Jean-Noël
name: Chevoir, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We simulate dense assemblies of frictional spherical grains in steady shear flow under controlled normal stress $P$ in the presence of a small amount of an interstitial liquid, which gives rise to capillary menisci, assumed isolated (pendular regime), and to attractive forces. The system behavior depends on two dimensionless control parameters: inertial number $I$ and reduced pressure $P^*=aP/(πΓ)$, comparing confining forces $\sim a^2P$ to meniscus tensile strength $F_0=πΓa$, for grains of diameter $a$ joined by menisci with surface tension $Γ$. We pay special attention to the quasi-static limit of slow flow and observe systematic, enduring strain localization in some of the cohesion-dominated ($P^*\sim 0.1$) systems. Homogeneous steady flows are characterized by the dependence of internal friction coefficient $μ^*$ and solid fraction $Φ$ on $I$ and $P^*$. We record fairly small but not negligible normal stress differences and the moderate sensitivity of the system to saturation within the pendular regime. Capillary forces have a significant effect on the macroscopic behavior of the system, up to $P^*$ values of several units. The concept of effective pressure may be used to predict an order of magnitude for the strong increase of $μ^*$ as $P^*$ decreases but such a crude approach is unable to account for the complex structural changes induced by capillary cohesion. Likewise, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion for pressure-dependent critical states is, at best, an approximation valid within a restricted range of pressures, with $P^*\ge 1$. At small enough $P^*$, large clusters of interacting grains form in slow flows, in which liquid bonds survive shear strains of several units. This affects the anisotropies associated to different interactions, and the shape of function $μ^*(I)$, which departs more slowly from its quasistatic limit than in cohesionless systems.
description: 20 pages, 29 figures with 39 subfigures
(101444) Mary Ann Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Testing Wavefunction Collapse Models using Parametric Heating of a Trapped Nanosphere
Creators: name: Goldwater, Daniel
name: Paternostro, Mauro
name: Barker, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism for testing the theory of collapse models such as continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) by examining the parametric heating rate of a trapped nanosphere. The random localizations of the centre-of-mass for a given particle predicted by the CSL model can be understood as a stochastic force embodying a source of heating for the nanosphere. We show that by utilising a Paul trap to levitate the particle and optical cooling, it is possible to reduce environmental decoherence to such a level that CSL dominates the dynamics and contributes the main source of heating. We show that this approach allows measurements to be made on the timescale of seconds, and that the free parameter $λ_{\rm CSL}$ which characterises the model ought to be testable to values as low as $10^{-12}$ Hz.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures