cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The nuclear AC-Stark shift in super-intense laser fields
Creators: name: Buervenich, Thomas J.
name: Evers, Joerg
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct interaction of super-intense laser fields in the optical frequency domain with nuclei is studied. As main observable, we consider the nuclear AC-Stark shift of low-lying nuclear states due to the off-resonant excitation by the laser field. We include the case of accelerated nuclei to be able to control the frequency and the intensity of the laser field in the nuclear rest frame over a wide range of parameters. We find that AC-Stark shifts of the same order as in typical quantum optical systems relative to the respective transition frequencies are feasible with state-of-the-art or near-future laser field intensities and moderate acceleration of the target nuclei. Along with this shift, we find laser-induced modifications to the proton root-mean-square radii and to the proton density distribution. We thus expect direct laser-nucleus interaction to become of relevance together with other super-intense light-matter interaction processes such as pair creation.
description: 10 pages, 2 eps figures
Simultaneous Zeeman deceleration of polyatomic free radical with lithium atoms
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Le, Luo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemistry in the ultracold regime enables fully quantum-controlled interactions between atoms and molecules, leading to the discovery of the hidden mechanisms in chemical reactions which are usually curtained by thermal averaging in the high temperature. Recently a couple of diatomic molecules have been cooled to ultracold regime based on laser cooling techniques, but the chemistry associated with these simple molecules is highly limited. In comparison, free radicals play a major role in many important chemical reactions, but yet to be cooled to submillikelvin temperature. Here we propose a novel method of decelerating \ce{CH3}, the simplest polyatomic free radical, with lithium atoms simultaneously by travelling wave magnetic decelerator. This scheme paves the way towards co-trapping \ce{CH3} and lithium, so that sympathetical cooling can be used to preparing ultracold free radical sample.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
title: Discerning Moral Injury
Creators: name: Merletti, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of Nevada, Las Vegas
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/0406gha72
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Moral injury is a recently developed psychological construct used to explain trauma that cannot be adequately explained by post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It arises from experiences in which sufferers feel that they have violated deeply held moral beliefs and has multiple negative long term health and professional consequences for individuals affected. In order to better understand moral injury, this study seeks to understand how it is identified in individuals by others and utilizes Christie’s (2018) Ideal Victim Theory and Gray and Wegner’s (2009) Moral Typecasting Theory as a theoretical framework. Participants for this study were 374 undergraduate students at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire in order to gauge how they identified moral injury in various contexts and populations. Repeated measures and one-way ANOVAs and a confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data for this sample. Data analysis found that participant identification of moral injury was related by the context, indicators, ACE scores, and the gender presented in the scenarios.
Quantum Corrections to Generic Branes: DBI, NLSM, and More
Creators: name: Goon, Garrett
name: Melville, Scott
name: Noller, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quantum corrections to hypersurfaces of dimension $d+1>2$ embedded in generic higher-dimensional spacetimes. Manifest covariance is maintained throughout the analysis and our methods are valid for arbitrary co-dimension and arbitrary bulk metric. A variety of theories which are prominent in the modern amplitude literature arise as special limits: the scalar sector of Dirac-Born-Infeld theories and their multi-field variants, as well as generic non-linear sigma models and extensions thereof. Our explicit one-loop results unite the leading corrections of all such models under a single umbrella. In contrast to naive computations which generate effective actions that appear to violate the non-linear symmetries of their classical counterparts, our efficient methods maintain manifest covariance at all stages and make the symmetry properties of the quantum action clear. We provide an explicit comparison between our compact construction and other approaches and demonstrate the ultimate physical equivalence between the superficially different results.
description: 45 pages
Meromorphic almost periodic functions
Creators: name: Favorov, S.
name: Parfyonova, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30D30; 42A75

description: We study meromorphic functions in a strip almost periodic with respect to the spherical metric. Then we get a complete description of zeros and poles for this class of functions, find a condition for a meromorphic almost periodic function to be a quotient of two holomorphic almost periodic function, find a necessary and suficient condition for sum and product of almost periodic meromorphic functions to be almost periodic.
The eight-vertex model and Painleve VI
Creators: name: Bazhanov, Vladimir V
name: Mangazeev, Vladimir V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we establish a connection of Picard-type elliptic solutions of Painleve VI equation with the special solutions of the non-stationary Lame equation. The latter appeared in the study of the ground state properties of Baxter's solvable eight-vertex lattice model at a particular point, $η=π/3$, of the disordered regime.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX, submitted to the special issue on Painleve VI, Journal of Physics A
Many Attractors, Long Chaotic Transients, and Failure in Small-World Networks of Excitable Neurons
Creators: name: Riecke, Hermann
name: Roxin, Alex
name: Madruga, Santiago
name: Solla, Sara A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical states that emerge in a small-world network of recurrently coupled excitable neurons through both numerical and analytical methods. These dynamics depend in large part on the fraction of long-range connections or `short-cuts' and the delay in the neuronal interactions. Persistent activity arises for a small fraction of `short-cuts', while a transition to failure occurs at a critical value of the `short-cut' density. The persistent activity consists of multi-stable periodic attractors, the number of which is at least on the order of the number of neurons in the network. For long enough delays, network activity at high `short-cut' densities is shown to exhibit exceedingly long chaotic transients whose failure-times averaged over many network configurations follow a stretched exponential. We show how this functional form arises in the ensemble-averaged activity if each network realization has a characteristic failure-time which is exponentially distributed.
description: 14 pages 23 figures
Uniform Random Sampling of Traces in Very Large Models
Creators: name: Denise, Alain
name: Gaudel, Marie-Claude
name: Gouraud, Sandrine-Dominique
name: Lasseigne, Richard
name: Peyronnet, Sylvain
name: Collaboration, the RaST
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.2.5

description: This paper presents some first results on how to perform uniform random walks (where every trace has the same probability to occur) in very large models. The models considered here are described in a succinct way as a set of communicating reactive modules. The method relies upon techniques for counting and drawing uniformly at random words in regular languages. Each module is considered as an automaton defining such a language. It is shown how it is possible to combine local uniform drawings of traces, and to obtain some global uniform random sampling, without construction of the global model.
Observations of the Onset of Complex Organic Molecule Formation in Interstellar Ices
Creators: name: Chu, Laurie E. U.
name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
name: Boogert, A. C. Adwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isolated dense molecular cores are investigated to study the onset of complex organic molecule formation in interstellar ice. Sampling three cores with ongoing formation of low-mass stars (B59, B335, and L483) and one starless core (L694-2) we sample lines of sight to nine background stars and five young stellar objects (YSOs; A_K ~0.5 - 4.7). Spectra of these stars from 2-5 $μ$m with NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) simultaneously display signatures from the cores of H$_2$O (3.0 $μ$m), CH$_3$OH (C-H stretching mode, 3.53 $μ$m) and CO (4.67 $μ$m) ices. The CO ice is traced by nine stars in which five show a long wavelength wing due to a mixture of CO with polar ice (CO$_r$), presumably CH$_3$OH. Two of these sight lines also show independent detections of CH$_3$OH. For these we find the ratio of the CH$_3$OH:CO$_r$ is 0.55$\pm$0.06 and 0.73$\pm$0.07 from L483 and L694-2, respectively. The detections of both CO and CH$_3$OH for the first time through lines of sight toward background stars observationally constrains the conversion of CO into CH$_3$OH ice. Along the lines of sight most of the CO exists in the gas phase and $\leq$15% of the CO is frozen out. However, CH$_3$OH ice is abundant with respect to CO (~50%) and exists mainly as a CH$_3$OH-rich CO ice layer. Only a small fraction of the lines of sight contains CH$_3$OH ice, presumably that with the highest density. The high conversion of CO to CH$_3$OH can explain the abundances of CH$_3$OH ice found in later stage Class 1 low mass YSO envelopes (CH$_3$OH:CO$_r$ ~ 0.5-0.6). For high mass YSOs and one Class 0 YSO this ratio varies significantly implying local variations can affect the ice formation. The large CH$_3$OH ice abundance indicates that the formation of complex organic molecules is likely during the pre-stellar phase in cold environments without higher energy particle interactions (e.g. cosmic rays).
description: 26 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication by ApJ
WORKSHOP: Working with genomics sequences and features in R with Bioconductor
Creators: name: Harrison, Paul
name: Deshpande, Nandan
name: Barugahare, Adele
name: Perry, Andrew
name: Wong, Nick
name: Reames, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: R software
subject: Bioconductor
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Analysis
subject: Genomics
subject: Sequence analysis
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_0091
subject: http://edamontology.org/operation_2945
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_0622
subject: http://edamontology.org/topic_0080

description: This record includes training materials associated with the Australian BioCommons workshop ‘Working with genomics sequences and features in R with Bioconductor’. This workshop took place on 23 September 2021. Workshop description Explore the many useful functions that the Bioconductor environment offers for working with genomic data and other biological sequences. DNA and proteins are often represented as files containing strings of nucleic acids or amino acids. They are associated with text files that provide additional contextual information such as genome annotations. This workshop provides hands-on experience with tools, software and packages available in R via Bioconductor for manipulating, exploring and extracting information from biological sequences and annotation files. We will look at tools for working with some commonly used file formats including FASTA, GFF3, GTF, methods for identifying regions of interest, and easy methods for obtaining data packages such as genome assemblies. This workshop is presented by the Australian BioCommons and Monash Bioinformatics Platform with the assistance of a network of facilitators from the national Bioinformatics Training Cooperative. Materials are shared under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International agreement unless otherwise specified and were current at the time of the event. Files and materials included in this record: Event metadata (PDF): Information about the event including, description, event URL, learning objectives, prerequisites, technical requirements etc. Index of training materials (PDF): List and description of all materials associated with this event including the name, format, location and a brief description of each file. Schedule (PDF): schedule for the workshop providing a breakdown of topics and timings Materials shared elsewhere: This workshop follows the tutorial ‘Working with DNA sequences and features in R with Bioconductor - version 2’ developed for Monash Bioinformatics Platform and Monash Data Fluency by Paul Harrison. https://monashdatafluency.github.io/r-bioc-2/
description: Version 2: Grammatical and typographic errors were corrected in the Event Metadata file.
Born-Oppenheimer Breakdown in Graphene
Creators: name: Pisana, Simone
name: Lazzeri, Michele
name: Casiraghi, Cinzia
name: Novoselov, Kostya S.
name: Geim, Andre K.
name: Ferrari, Andrea C.
name: Mauri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BO) has proven effective for the accurate determination of chemical reactions, molecular dynamics and phonon frequencies in a wide range of metallic systems. Graphene, recently discovered in the free state, is a zero band-gap semiconductor, which becomes a metal if the Fermi energy is tuned applying a gate-voltage Vg. Graphene electrons near the Fermi energy have twodimensional massless dispersions, described by Dirac cones. Here we show that a change in Vg induces a stiffening of the Raman G peak (i.e. the zone-center E2g optical phonon), which cannot be described within BO. Indeed, the E2g vibrations cause rigid oscillations of the Dirac-cones in the reciprocal space. If the electrons followed adiabatically the Dirac-cone oscillations, no change in the phonon frequency would be observed. Instead, since the electron-momentum relaxation near the Fermi level is much slower than the phonon motion, the electrons do not follow the Dirac-cone displacements. This invalidates BO and results in the observed phonon stiffening. This spectacular failure of BO is quite significant since BO has been the fundamental paradigm to determine crystal vibrations from the early days of quantum mechanics.
description: 15 pages
Analysis of Heat Pump Clothes Dryer
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhilu
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Engineering
subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: CoilDesigner
subject: Energy Saving
subject: Heat Exchanger
subject: Heat Pump Clothes Dryer

description: Clothes dryers (CD) offer a rapid means to dry laundry in households, but consume a large portion (4%) of residential electricity. Heat pump clothes dryers (HPCD) can be much more energy-efficient than conventional electric CDs, but have not emerged in the U.S. market yet. In this study, experiments were conducted for a state-of-the-art commercial hybrid HPCD from the European market with two different operational modes followed by Department of Energy’s test procedure. The HPCD’s system performances were analyzed through measurements on humidity ratio (HR), temperature and power consumption for both Eco and Speed Modes. About 70% energy consumption reduction potential was observed as compared with a typical electric CD in the United States. The heating and cooling capacities during the Eco Mode were 1.48 kW and 1.18 kW, respectively, and the dehumidification rate was 0.372 g/s. The heat exchangers were modeled with CoilDesigner and their performances were simulated. The UA of the evaporator was mainly affected by the air flow rate (AFR), inlet air HR and refrigerant MFR while that of the condenser was mainly affected by the condensing temperature, AFR, and refrigerant MFR. The air leakage was estimated to be 24% to 45% in which the water vapor leakage was 26% and the energy loss was 5%. The mass transfer process through the drum was discussed and the mass transfer coefficient k between the cloth surface and air was calculated to be 0.237 g/m²·s. This study provides the performances of HPCDs and their design analysis, which can be used for developing improved HPCDs.
Complicating sex in Southern society: Bridging old Southern values with the new Southern belle
Creators: name: Hade, Eden T.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2011
Subjects: English
Southern States
Gender in literature
Southern belle

description: This graduate thesis unearths the complications that arose as a reaction to the generational gap between the Old South's illusion of the Southern belle and the modem New Woman who emerged following the Civil War. As a reaction against the prior restrictions placed on women, namely the idealistic facade one was to upkeep concerning family, sexuality, and societal expectations of etiquette, the New Woman survived by fragmenting her identity in order to please a suffocating patriarchal society. By utilizing a chronological sequence of literature- Chopin's The Awakening, Welty's Delta Wedding, O'Connor's "Everything That Rises Must Converge," and McCullers's The Member of the Wedding and The Heart is a Lonely Hunter - this thesis explores gender bias, society's manipulation of a female's sense of self, the burden of motherhood, and the anxiety of oppression throughout a succession of women's lives. Here, the thesis argues that Dixie's women have had to submit to the illusion of perfection while simultaneously finding points of escape within the limited space given. Consequently, as the women break through the barriers imposed upon them by patriarchal society and the cult of true womanhood, the South's 20th century woman are in the progress of redefining the domestic space and the roles of womanhood.
Combinatorial invariants of algebraic Hamiltonian actions
Creators: name: Losev, Ivan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 53D20

description: To any Hamiltonian action of a reductive algebraic group $G$ on a smooth irreducible symplectic variety $X$ we associate certain combinatorial invariants: Cartan space, Weyl group, weight and root lattices. For cotangent bundles our invariants essentially coincide with those arising in the theory of equivarant embeddings. Using our approach we establish some properties of the latter invariants.
description: 23 pages, v2 Propositions 7.16,8.8 strengthened, some auxiliary statements modified, some comments on previously obtained results added
Out of the darkness and into the light : Women’s experiences with depression after childbirth
Creators: name: Berggren-Clive, Kathy Lyn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: While becoming a mother can be a fulfilling and joyful experience, 10-28% of women can be affected by an intense emotional response commonly called postpartum depression. This phenomenon is distinguishable from the "transitory baby blues" and is often characterized by crying, confusion, fatigue, depression, insomnia, difficulty caring for the baby and self and suicidal thoughts. Research on postpartum depression has largely concentrated on investigating its possible causes and predictors utilizing quantitative methodology. Women are the experts of their own lives yet, their voices with respect to the existing body of knowledge about depression after childbirth are missing. In this exploratory qualitative study, I utilized a feminist perspective and interviewed eight women who had recovered from postpartum depression, thus allowing them to define the nature of their experiences. A three-stage model emerged that demonstrated how women made sense of that time in their lives. Why did this Happen?, the first stage, represented women's attempts to determine why they had postpartum depression. The second stage, Spiralling Downward, focused on how the depression entered their lives and enveloped them in darkness. Getting to the Other Side, the third stage, addressed the process of their recovery. The findings of this study provides a contextual picture of women's experiences with depression after childbirth and the knowledge created has important implications for the practice of professionals and the implementation of policy and programs that meet the needs of new mothers and their families.
title: Billowing phenomenon: An endoleak mimicker not to miss. Findings on Ultrasound (US), Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
Creators: name: Michalopoulos, Aristeidis
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cardiovascular
subject: Abdomen
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: CT
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 72-year-old male patient underwent aortic CTA for Transcutaneous Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) planning. Past medical history included aortic valve stenosis, coronary disease and diabetes mellitus. Clinical examination of the abdomen was unremarkable.

description: 72 years, male
Understanding the atmospheric properties and chemical composition of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b: III. Changing ionisation and the emergence of an ionosphere
Creators: name: Helling, Ch.
name: Worters, M.
name: Samra, D.
name: Molaverdikhani, K.
name: Iro, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-hot Jupiters are the hottest close-in exoplanets discovered so far, and present a unique possibility to explore hot and cold chemistry on one object. The tidally locked ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b has a day/night temperature difference of ~ 2500K, confining cloud formation to the nightside and efficient ionisation to the dayside. Both have distinct observational signatures. We analyse plasma and magnetic processes in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b to investigate the formation of a thermal ionosphere and the possibility of magnetically coupling the atmospheric gas as the base for an extended exosphere. We show which ions and atoms may be used as spectral tracers, and if and where conditions for lightning may occur within the clouds of HAT-P-7b, evaluate characteristic plasma and magnetic coupling parameters, and a LTE radiative transfer is solved for the ionised gas phase. The ionisation throughout HAT-P-7b's atmosphere varies drastically between day- and nightside. The dayside has high levels of thermal ionisation and long-range electromagnetic interactions dominate over kinetic electron-neutral interactions, suggesting a day-night difference in magnetic coupling. K+, Na+, Li+, Ca+, and Al+ are more abundant than their atomic counterparts on the dayside. The minimum magnetic flux density for electrons for magnetic coupling is B<0.5G for all regions of HAT-P-7b's atmosphere. HAT-P-7b's dayside has an asymmetric ionosphere that extends deep into the atmosphere, the nightside has no thermally driven ionosphere. A corresponding asymmetry is imprinted in the ion/neutral composition at the terminators. The ionosphere on HAT-P-7b may be directly traced by the Ca+ H&K lines if the local temperature is > 5000K. The whole atmosphere may couple to a global, large-scale magnetic field, and lightning may occur on the nightside.
description: 11 pages, accepted for publication in A&A
Superconductivity emerging near quantum critical point of valence transition
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Imada, Masatoshi
name: Miyake, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the quantum valence transition is studied in the one-dimensional periodic Anderson model with Coulomb repulsion between f and conduction electrons by the density-matrix renormalization group method. It is found that the first-order valence transition emerges with the quantum critical point and the crossover from the Kondo to the mixed-valence states is strongly stabilized by quantum fluctuation and electron correlation. It is found that the superconducting correlation is developed in the Kondo regime near the sharp valence increase. The origin of the superconductivity is ascribed to the development of the coherent motion of electrons with enhanced valence fluctuation, which results in the enhancement of the charge velocity, but not of the charge compressibility. Statements on the valence transition in connection with Ce metal and Ce compounds are given.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Post-critically finite self-similar groups
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Ievgen
name: Nekrashevych, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E08; 28A80; 39A12

description: We describe in terms of automata theory the automatic actions with post-critically finite limit space. We prove that these actions are precisely the actions by bounded automata and that any self-similar action by bounded automata is contracting.
description: 13 pages
Generic Field-Driven Phenomena in Kitaev Spin Liquids: Canted Magnetism and Proximate Spin Liquid Physics
Creators: name: Hickey, Ciarán
name: Gohlke, Matthias
name: Berke, Christoph
name: Trebst, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological spin liquids in two spatial dimensions are stable phases in the presence of a small magnetic field, but may give way to field-induced phenomena at intermediate field strengths. Sandwiched between the low-field spin liquid physics and the high-field spin-polarized phase, the exploration of magnetic phenomena in this intermediate regime however often remains elusive to controlled analytical approaches. Here we numerically study such intermediate-field magnetic phenomena for two representative Kitaev models (on the square-octagon and decorated honeycomb lattice) that exhibit either Abelian or non-Abelian topological order in the low-field limit. Using a combination of exact diagonalization and density matrix renormalization group techniques, as well as linear spin-wave theory, we establish the generic features of Kitaev spin liquids in an external magnetic field. While ferromagnetic models typically exhibit a direct transition to the polarized state at a relatively low field strength, antiferromagnetic couplings not only substantially stabilizes the topological spin liquid phase, but generically lead to the emergence of a distinct field-induced intermediate regime, separated by a crossover from the high-field polarized regime. Our results suggest that, for most lattice geometries, this regime generically exhibits significant spin canting, antiferromagnetic spin-spin correlations, and an extended proximate spin liquid regime at finite temperatures. Notably, we identify a symmetry obstruction in the original honeycomb Kitaev model that prevents, at least for certain field directions, the formation of such canted magnetism without breaking symmetries -- consistent with the recent numerical observation of an extended gapless spin liquid in this case.
description: 13 pages, 16 figures (Appendix: 7 pages, 7 figures)
Evidence for geologically recent explosive volcanism in Elysium Planitia, Mars
Creators: name: Horvath, David G.
name: Moitra, Pranabendu
name: Hamilton, Christopher W.
name: Craddock, Robert A.
name: Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Volcanic activity on Mars peaked during the Noachian and Hesperian periods but has continued since then in isolated locales. Elysium Planitia hosts numerous young, fissure-fed flood lavas with ages ranging from approximately 500 to 2.5 million years (Ma). We present evidence for what may be the youngest volcanic deposit yet documented on Mars: a low albedo, high thermal inertia, high-calcium pyroxene-rich deposit distributed symmetrically around a segment of the Cerberus Fossae fissure system in Elysium Planitia. This deposit is similar to features interpreted as pyroclastic deposits on the Moon and Mercury. However, unlike previously documented lava flows in Elysium Planitia, this feature is morphologically consistent with a fissure-fed pyroclastic deposit, mantling the surrounding lava flows with a thickness on the order of tens of cm over most of the deposit and a volume of 1.1-2.8E7 cubic meters. Thickness and volume estimates are consistent with tephra fall deposits on Earth. Stratigraphic relationships indicate a relative age younger than the surrounding volcanic plains and the Zunil impact crater (~0.1-1 Ma), with crater counting suggesting an absolute model age of 53 to 210 ka. This young age implies that if this deposit is of volcanic origin then the Cerberus Fossae region may not be extinct and Mars may still be volcanically active today. This interpretation is consistent with the identification of seismicity in this region by the Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport (InSight) lander, and has additional implications for astrobiology and the source of transient atmospheric methane.
description: 41 pages, 11 figures
Rate of Convergence of Implicit Approximations for stochastic evolution equations
Creators: name: Gyöngy, Istvan
name: Millet, Annie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15, 65M60

description: Stochastic evolution equations in Banach spaces with unbounded nonlinear drift and diffusion operators are considered. Under some regularity condition assumed for the solution, the rate of convergence of implicit Euler approximations is estimated under strong monotonicity and Lipschitz conditions. The results are applied to a class of quasilinear stochastic PDEs of parabolic type.
description: 25 pages
Associations of dwarf galaxies in a $Λ$CDM Universe
Creators: name: Yaryura, C. Y.
name: Abadi, M. G.
name: Gottlober, S.
name: Libeskind, N. I.
name: Cora, S. A.
name: Ruiz, A. N.
name: Vega-Martínez, C. A.
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Behroozi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Associations of dwarf galaxies are loose systems composed exclusively of dwarf galaxies. These systems were identified in the Local Volume for the first time more than thirty years ago. We study these systems in the cosmological framework of the $Λ$ Cold Dark Matter ($Λ$CDM) model. We consider the Small MultiDark Planck simulation and populate its dark matter haloes by applying the semi-analytic model of galaxy formation SAG. We identify galaxy systems using a friends of friends algorithm with a linking length equal to $b=0.4 \,{\rm Mpc}\,h^{-1}$, to reproduce the size of dwarf galaxy associations detected in the Local Volume. Our samples of dwarf systems are built up removing those systems that have one (or more) galaxies with stellar mass larger than a maximum threshold $M_{\rm max}$. We analyse three different samples defined by ${\rm log}_{10}(M_{\rm max}[{\rm M}_{\odot}\,h^{-1}]) = 8.5, 9.0$ and $9.5$. On average, our systems have typical sizes of $\sim 0.2\,{\rm Mpc}\,h^{-1}$, velocity dispersion of $\sim 30 {\rm km\,s^{-1}} $ and estimated total mass of $\sim 10^{11} {\rm M}_{\odot}\,h^{-1}$. Such large typical sizes suggest that individual members of a given dwarf association reside in different dark matter haloes and are generally not substructures of any other halo. Indeed, in more than 90 per cent of our dwarf systems their individual members inhabit different dark matter haloes, while only in the remaining 10 per cent members do reside in the same halo. Our results indicate that the $Λ$CDM model can naturally reproduce the existence and properties of dwarf galaxies associations without much difficulty.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Numerical evidence for relevance of disorder in a Poland-Scheraga DNA denaturation model with self-avoidance: Scaling behavior of average quantities
Creators: name: Coluzzi, Barbara
name: Yeramian, Edouard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the effect of sequence heterogeneity on the thermodynamic properties of a Poland-Scheraga model for DNA denaturation taking into account self-avoidance, i.e. with exponent c_p=2.15 for the loop length probability distribution. In complement to previous on-lattice Monte Carlo like studies, we consider here off-lattice numerical calculations for large sequence lengths, relying on efficient algorithmic methods. We investigate finite size effects with the definition of an appropriate intrinsic length scale x, depending on the parameters of the model. Based on the occurrence of large enough rare regions, for a given sequence length N, this study provides a qualitative picture for the finite size behavior, suggesting that the effect of disorder could be sensed only with sequence lengths diverging exponentially with x. We further look in detail at average quantities for the particular case x=1.3, ensuring through this parameter choice the correspondence between the off-lattice and the on-lattice studies. Taken together, the various results can be cast in a coherent picture with a crossover between a nearly pure system like behavior for small sizes N < 1000, as observed in the on-lattice simulations, and the apparent asymptotic behavior indicative of disorder relevance, with an (average) correlation length exponent ν_r >= 2/d (=2).
description: Latex, 33 pages with 15 postscript figures
Graph cohomology classes in the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism
Creators: name: Hamilton, Alastair
name: Lazarev, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B55, 58C50, 81T18

description: We give a conceptual formulation of Kontsevich's `dual construction' producing graph cohomology classes from a differential graded Frobenius algebra with an odd scalar product. Our construction -- whilst equivalent to the original one -- is combinatorics-free and is based on the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, from which its gauge-independence is immediate.
description: 24 pages
Biochemical characterizations of extracellular vesicles shed by vegetative and sporulating Bacillus subtilis
Creators: name: Kim, Yeji
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Antibiotic activity
subject: Bacillus subtilis
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: Extracellular vesicles
subject: Proteomics
subject: Sporulation

description: Sporulation of Bacilli is a developmental process that provides long-term viability in unfavorable environments.  Recently, biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Bacilli has also been reported to participate in various physiological and pathogenic phenomena. In this study, EVs were isolated from vegetative and sporulating Bacillus subtilis cells and characterized using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, microscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The microscopic approach demonstrated that both vegetative and sporulating cells produce EVs. In the proteomic analysis, 156 proteins were identified with statistical significance in EVs collected at the vegetative phase and 185 proteins in EVs shed during sporulation. The two EV cargos showed qualitatively and quantitatively different proteome patterns. Sporulation-associated proteins had greater abundances in EVs at the sporulation stage. Additionally, a fusion-like event of EVs with B. subtilis cells was observed by a fluorescence de-quenching assay. Based on these observations, B. subtilis EVs are proposed to support intercellular communication and sporulation.
On End-to-end Multi-channel Time Domain Speech Separation in Reverberant Environments
Creators: name: Zhang, Jisi
name: Zorila, Catalin
name: Doddipatla, Rama
name: Barker, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T10

description: This paper introduces a new method for multi-channel time domain speech separation in reverberant environments. A fully-convolutional neural network structure has been used to directly separate speech from multiple microphone recordings, with no need of conventional spatial feature extraction. To reduce the influence of reverberation on spatial feature extraction, a dereverberation pre-processing method has been applied to further improve the separation performance. A spatialized version of wsj0-2mix dataset has been simulated to evaluate the proposed system. Both source separation and speech recognition performance of the separated signals have been evaluated objectively. Experiments show that the proposed fully-convolutional network improves the source separation metric and the word error rate (WER) by more than 13% and 50% relative, respectively, over a reference system with conventional features. Applying dereverberation as pre-processing to the proposed system can further reduce the WER by 29% relative using an acoustic model trained on clean and reverberated data.
description: Presented at IEEE ICASSP 2020
Zero modes of various graphene configurations from the index theorem
Creators: name: Pachos, Jiannis K.
name: Hatzinikitas, Agapitos
name: Stone, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we consider a graphene sheet that is folded in various compact geometries with arbitrary topology described by a certain genus, $g$. While the Hamiltonian of these systems is defined on a lattice one can take the continuous limit. The obtained Dirac-like Hamiltonian describes well the low energy modes of the initial system. Starting from first principles we derive an index theorem that corresponds to this Hamiltonian. This theorem relates the zero energy modes of the graphene sheet with the topology of the compact lattice. For $g=0$ and $g=1$ these results coincide with the analytical and numerical studies performed for fullerene molecules and carbon nanotubes while for higher values of $g$ they give predictions for more complicated molecules.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings of the Graphene Conference, MPI PKS Dresden, September 2006
Onorius Frolov & Vaz-de-Mello 2015
Creators: name: Frolov, Andrey V.
name: Akhmetova, Lilia A.
name: Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Orphnidae
Onorius

description: Onorius Frolov & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015
 Type species
 Onorius inexpectatus Frolov & Vaz-de-Mello, 2015, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Frolov, Andrey V., Akhmetova, Lilia A. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2019, Contribution to the knowledge of the Neotropical canopy dwelling genus Onorius (Coleopteraı Scarabaeidaeı Orphninae): another species from southern Ecuador and notes on the hind gut morphology in the Orphninae, pp. 1071-1077 in Journal of Natural History 53 (17) on page 1072, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1632952, http://zenodo.org/record/3673335
Multilingual Transfer Learning for QA Using Translation as Data Augmentation
Creators: name: Bornea, Mihaela
name: Pan, Lin
name: Rosenthal, Sara
name: Florian, Radu
name: Sil, Avirup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prior work on multilingual question answering has mostly focused on using large multilingual pre-trained language models (LM) to perform zero-shot language-wise learning: train a QA model on English and test on other languages. In this work, we explore strategies that improve cross-lingual transfer by bringing the multilingual embeddings closer in the semantic space. Our first strategy augments the original English training data with machine translation-generated data. This results in a corpus of multilingual silver-labeled QA pairs that is 14 times larger than the original training set. In addition, we propose two novel strategies, language adversarial training and language arbitration framework, which significantly improve the (zero-resource) cross-lingual transfer performance and result in LM embeddings that are less language-variant. Empirically, we show that the proposed models outperform the previous zero-shot baseline on the recently introduced multilingual MLQA and TyDiQA datasets.
A search for runaway stars in twelve Galactic supernova remnants
Creators: name: Lux, O.
name: Neuhäuser, R.
name: Mugrauer, M.
name: Bischoff, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Runaway stars can result from core-collapse supernovae in multiple stellar systems. If the supernova disrupts the system, the companion gets ejected with its former orbital velocity. A clear identification of a runaway star can yield the time and place of the explosion as well as orbital parameters of the pre-supernova binary system. Previous searches have mostly considered O- and B-type stars as runaway stars because they are always young in absolute terms (not much older than the lifetime of the progenitor) and can be detected up to larger distances. We present here a search for runaway stars of all spectral types. For late-type stars, a young age can be inferred from the lithium test. We used Gaia data to identify and characterise runaway star candidates in nearby supernova remnants, obtained spectra of 39 stars with UVES at the VLT and HDS at the Subaru telescope and found a significant amount of lithium in the spectra of six dwarf stars. We present the spectral analysis, including measurements of radial velocities, atmospheric parameters and lithium abundances. Then we estimate the ages of our targets from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and with the lithium test, present a selection of promising runaway star candidates and draw constraints on the number of ejected runaway stars compared to model expectations.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in AN
Extension of the Thomas-Fermi approximation for trapped Bose-Einstein condensates with an arbitrary number of atoms
Creators: name: Mateo, A. Muñoz
name: Delgado, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By incorporating the zero-point energy contribution we derive simple and accurate extensions of the usual Thomas-Fermi (TF) expressions for the ground-state properties of trapped Bose-Einstein condensates that remain valid for an arbitrary number of atoms in the mean-field regime. Specifically, we obtain approximate analytical expressions for the ground-state properties of spherical, cigar-shaped, and disk-shaped condensates that reduce to the correct analytical formulas in both the TF and the perturbative regimes, and remain valid and accurate in between these two limiting cases. Mean-field quasi-1D and -2D condensates appear as simple particular cases of our formulation. The validity of our results is corroborated by an independent numerical computation based on the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii equation.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Final version published in Phys. Rev. A
Detection of 2$-$4 GHz Continuum Emission from $ε$ Eridani
Creators: name: Suresh, Akshay
name: Chatterjee, Shami
name: Cordes, James M.
name: Bastian, Timothy S.
name: Hallinan, Gregg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby star $\rm ε\ Eridani$ has been a frequent target of radio surveys for stellar emission and extraterrestial intelligence. Using deep $\rm 2-4 \ GHz$ observations with the Very Large Array, we have uncovered a $29 \ μ{\rm Jy}$ compact, steady continuum radio source coincident with $\rm ε\ Eridani$ to within 0.06 arcseconds ($\lesssim 2σ$; 0.2 au at the distance of the star). Combining our data with previous high frequency continuum detections of $\rm ε\ Eridani$, our observations reveal a spectral turnover at $\rm 6 \ GHz$. We ascribe the $\rm 2-6 \ GHz$ emission to optically thick, thermal gyroresonance radiation from the stellar corona, with thermal free-free opacity likely becoming relevant at frequencies below $\rm 1 \ GHz$. The steep spectral index ($α\simeq 2$) of the $\rm 2-6 \ GHz$ spectrum strongly disfavors its interpretation as stellar wind-associated thermal bremsstrahlung ($α\simeq 0.6$). Attributing the entire observed $\rm 2-4 \ GHz$ flux density to thermal free-free wind emission, we thus, derive a stringent upper limit of $3 \times 10^{-11} \ M_{\odot} \ {\rm yr}^{-1}$ on the mass loss rate from $\rm ε\ Eridani$. Finally, we report the non-detection of flares in our data above a $5σ$ threshold of $\rm 95 \ μJy$. Together with the optical non-detection of the most recent stellar maximum expected in 2019, our observations postulate a likely evolution of the internal dynamo of $\rm ε\ Eridani$.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ