cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of quasi-elastic neutrino charged-current scattering off $^{16}$O and neutrino energy reconstruction
Creators: name: Butkevich, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charged-current quasi-elastic scattering of muon neutrino on the oxygen target is analyzed for neutrino energy up to 2.5 GeV using the Relativistic Distorted-Wave Impulse Approximation (RDWIA). The inclusive cross sections $d^2σ/dQ^2$, calculated within the RDWIA, are lower than the Relativistic Fermi Gas Model (RFGM) results in the range of the square of four-momentum transfer $Q^2\leq$0.2 (GeV/c)$^2$. We have also studied the nuclear-model dependence of the neutrino energy reconstruction accuracy using the charged-current quasi-elastic events with no detector effects and background. We found that for one-track events the accuracy is nuclear-model dependent for neutrino energy up to 2.5 GeV.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures
Dimer diffusion in a washboard potential
Creators: name: Heinsalu, E.
name: Patriarca, M.
name: Marchesoni, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport of a dimer, consisting of two Brownian particles bounded by a harmonic potential, moving on a periodic substrate is investigated both numerically and analytically. The mobility and diffusion of the dimer center of mass present distinct properties when compared with those of a monomer under the same transport conditions. Both the average current and the diffusion coefficient are found to be complicated non-monotonic functions of the driving force. The influence of dimer equilibrium length, coupling strength and damping constant on the dimer transport properties are also examined in detail.
description: Final revised version. 7 pages, 6 figures
Wild Garlic: Life Cycle and Control
Creators: name: Peters, Elroy J.
name: Stritzke, J. F.
name: Peters, Elroy J.
name: Stritzke, J. F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excerpts from the report: Wild garlic (Allium vineale L.) is a troublesome weed in the United States. Significant losses result from the "onion" odor and flavor that wild garlic gives to milk, small grains, and meat products. Wild garlic was probably introduced into the United States from France in the 17th or early part of the 18th century. After being introduced into the United States, it became a seriousweed problem. Wild garlic has continued to spread and now infests a large part of the United States. It grows as far south as Georgia, Mississippi, and Arkansas; and as far north as Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Michigan. It is a serious pest on the eastern seaboard and west to Kansas and Oklahoma.
Assessing perceived organizational leadership styles through twitter text mining
Creators: name: La Bella, A.
name: Colladon, A. Fronzetti
name: Battistoni, E.
name: Castellan, S.
name: Francucci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: We propose a text classification tool based on support vector machines for the assessment of organizational leadership styles, as appearing to Twitter users. We collected Twitter data over 51 days, related to the first 30 Italian organizations in the 2015 ranking of Forbes Global 2000-out of which we selected the five with the most relevant volumes of tweets. We analyzed the communication of the company leaders, together with the dialogue among the stakeholders of each company, to understand the association with perceived leadership styles and dimensions. To assess leadership profiles, we referred to the 10-factor model developed by Barchiesi and La Bella in 2007. We maintain the distinctiveness of the approach we propose, as it allows a rapid assessment of the perceived leadership capabilities of an enterprise, as they emerge from its social media interactions. It can also be used to show how companies respond and manage their communication when specific events take place, and to assess their stakeholder's reactions.
Gravitational waves from fragmentation of a primordial scalar condensate into Q-balls
Creators: name: Kusenko, Alexander
name: Mazumdar, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generic consequence of supersymmetry is formation of a scalar condensate along the flat directions of the potential at the end of cosmological inflation. This condensate is usually unstable, and it can fragment into non-topological solitons, Q-balls. The gravitational waves produced by the fragmentation can be detected by Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), and Big Bang Observer (BBO), which can offer an important window on the early universe and the physics at some very high energy scales.
description: 4 pages
Evolution of the Kondo state of YbRh2Si2 probed by high field ESR
Creators: name: Schaufuß, U.
name: Kataev, V.
name: Zvyagin, A. A.
name: Büchner, B.
name: Sichelschmidt, J.
name: Wykhoff, J.
name: Krellner, C.
name: Geibel, C.
name: Steglich, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electron spin resonance (ESR) study of the heavy fermion compound YbRh2Si2 for fields up to ~ 8 T reveals a strongly anisotropic signal below the single ion Kondo temperature T_K ~ 25 K. A remarkable similarity between the T-dependence of the ESR parameters and that of the specific heat and the 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance data gives evidence that the ESR response is given by heavy fermions which are formed below T_K and that ESR properties are determined by their field dependent mass and lifetime. The signal anisotropy, otherwise typical for Yb{3+} ions, suggests that, owing to a strong hybridization with conduction electrons at T < T_K, the magnetic anisotropy of the 4f states is absorbed in the ESR of heavy quasiparticles. Tuning the Kondo effect on the 4f states with magnetic fields ~ 2 - 8 T and temperature 2 - 25 K yields a gradual change of the ESR g-factor and linewidth which reflects the evolution of the Kondo state in this Kondo lattice system.
description: new substantially revised version
What is the State of the Art of Computer Vision-Assisted Cytology? A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Matias, André Victória
name: Amorim, João Gustavo Atkinson
name: Macarini, Luiz Antonio Buschetto
name: Cerentini, Allan
name: Onofre, Alexandre Sherlley Casimiro
name: Onofre, Fabiana Botelho de Miranda
name: Daltoé, Felipe Perozzo
name: Stemmer, Marcelo Ricardo
name: von Wangenheim, Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Cytology is a low-cost and non-invasive diagnostic procedure employed to support the diagnosis of a broad range of pathologies. Computer Vision technologies, by automatically generating quantitative and objective descriptions of examinations' contents, can help minimize the chances of misdiagnoses and shorten the time required for analysis. To identify the state-of-art of computer vision techniques currently applied to cytology, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review. We analyzed papers published in the last 5 years. The initial search was executed in September 2020 and resulted in 431 articles. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 157 papers remained, which we analyzed to build a picture of the tendencies and problems present in this research area, highlighting the computer vision methods, staining techniques, evaluation metrics, and the availability of the used datasets and computer code. As a result, we identified that the most used methods in the analyzed works are deep learning-based (70 papers), while fewer works employ classic computer vision only (101 papers). The most recurrent metric used for classification and object detection was the accuracy (33 papers and 5 papers), while for segmentation it was the Dice Similarity Coefficient (38 papers). Regarding staining techniques, Papanicolaou was the most employed one (130 papers), followed by H&E (20 papers) and Feulgen (5 papers). Twelve of the datasets used in the papers are publicly available, with the DTU/Herlev dataset being the most used one. We conclude that there still is a lack of high-quality datasets for many types of stains and most of the works are not mature enough to be applied in a daily clinical diagnostic routine. We also identified a growing tendency towards adopting deep learning-based approaches as the methods of choice.
Water table depth simulation for flat agricultural land under subsurface drainage and subirrigation practices
Creators: name: Chao, Ena C. Y.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Drainable porosity as a function of water table was investigated to replace the common practice of treating it as a constant A continuous function in the form of a negative exponential equation relating drainable porosity to water table depth was developed by three methods: (1) laboratory core-sample analysis; (2) rainfall rate and water table depth analysis; (3) drainage rate and water table depth analysis. Furthermore, this function was derived for four different water table regimes: (1) subsurface drainage; (2) low subirrigation and subsurface drainage; (3) high subirrigation and subsurface drainage; (4) no drainage and no subirrigation. The drainable porosity function was incorporated into a water balance model which simulated the soil moisture profile and the water table depth on a daily basis. Major modification of the previous model was the elimination of separate falling and rising water table equations since discrete porosity values were no longer assigned to particular soil depth intervals. A subroutine program which computed the total maximum transient storage and the transient storages to each of the four successive soil zones was also incorporated. The 'maximum drainable porosity' and the 'rate constant' parameters in the negative exponential equation were found to be different among the three methods of analysis and among the four water table regimes. Good agreement between simulated and actual water table depths of each regime for 1984 and 1985 was found. The modified water balance model could be used to generate different water table depths by changing the input parameter of design drainage rate. From these outputs, a appropriate drainage rate which gives the desired water table depth could be selected for the purpose of horizontal subsurface drainage system design.
Aggregates of two-dimensional vesicles: Rouleaux and sheets
Creators: name: Ziherl, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using both numerical and variational minimization of the bending and adhesion energy of two-dimensional lipid vesicles, we study their aggregation, and we find that the stable aggregates include an infinite number of vesicles and that they arrange either in a columnar or in a sheet-like structure. We calculate the stability diagram and we discuss the modes of transformation between the two types of aggregates, showing that they include disintegration as well as intercalation.
description: 4 figures
Assessing the role of Islamic microfinance: a women empowerment case study
Creators: name: Senghore, Aja Fatou
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2023

description: The main objectives of this paper are three-fold. First, to identify the barriers to financial independence of female vegetable producers in the Gambia. Second, to assess the potential use of Islamic financing modes as enablers that can capacitate women in the Gambia’s horticultural sector. Finally, it proposes an inclusive financing mode to empower women in the country’s horticultural sector. To achieve these three objectives, different methodological approaches were used, drawing on various data collection techniques, including primary and secondary data collection methods. The results from the study indicate that lack of irrigation and storage facilities, access to markets and farming inputs (seeds, fertilisers) are the main challenges women encounter in their gardening activities. The study further found that the benefits of accessing and using microfinance services are impeded by these challenges, thereby preventing women vegetable producers from upscaling their horticultural activities. However, it is established in the paper that microfinance has great potential for promoting the financial independence of women in the Gambia, particularly women who engage in the horticultural sector. Based on these findings, the paper recommends using Parallel Salam Contract to tackle the problems of irrigation, storage facilities and market access. Murabahah/Musawamah contracts are also suggested to tackle the issue of the lack of farming inputs used by women in the horticultural sector. We further recommend that Islamic financial institutions educate the public about their business activities and for the regulators, including the Central Bank of the Gambia, to establish a Central Shari’ah Board to ensure the unification of fatwahs in the emerging Islamic finance sector in the Gambia, thereby ensuring transparency in the activities of the financial institutions participating in this sector and thus encourage more investors to partake in this burgeoning part of the Gambian economy.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Density-functional theory of nonequilibrium tunneling
Creators: name: Hyldgaard, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoscale optoelectronics and molecular-electronics systems operate with current injection and nonequilibrium tunneling, phenomena that challenge consistent descriptions of the steady-state transport. The current affects the electron-density variation and hence the inter- and intra-molecular bonding which in turn determines the transport magnitude. The standard approach for efficient characterization of steady-state tunneling combines ground-state density functional theory (DFT) calculations (of an effective scattering potential) with a Landauer-type formalism and ignores all actual many-body scattering. The standard method also lacks a formal variational basis. This paper formulates a Lippmann-Schwinger collision density functional theory (LSC-DFT) for tunneling transport with full electron-electron interactions. Quantum-kinetic (Dyson) equations are used for an exact reformulation that expresses the variational noninteracting and interacting many-body scattering T-matrices in terms of universal density functionals. The many-body Lippmann-Schwinger (LS) variational principle defines an implicit equation for the exact nonequilibrium density.
description: Title, abstract, and text are adjusted to precise formulations (the original version contained a logical error)
The Effects of Interest Rates on Islamic and Conventional Banks: A Comparative Study of Monetary Policy Transmission Channels
Creators: name: Drissi, Salma
name: Guerguer, Wafa
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2023

description: This academic article focuses on analysing the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in a dual banking system composed of Islamic and conventional banks. The main objective is to identify the factors that influence the behavior of banks in response to monetary stimuli and to examine the hypothesis of an asymmetric transmission of monetary policy. To achieve this goal, a methodology based on the Vector Autoregression (VAR) model was used to analyze the relationship between interest rates and macroeconomic variables. The results of this study showed that the transmission of monetary policy is confirmed in a dual banking system through the channel of bank loans and that Islamic banks are more sensitive to changes in interest rates than conventional banks. These findings have important theoretical and methodological implications for understanding the mechanism of monetary policy transmission in a dual banking system and for monetary policy in general.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Leptospirosis of Domestic Animals
Creators: name: U.S. Animal Health Association Committee On Leptospirosis
name: U.S. Animal Health Association Committee On Leptospirosis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excerpts from the report: Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of animals and man caused by a spiral shaped organism (spirochete) of the genus Leptospira. The organism has a wide host range including man. Among the domestic animals, swine, cattle, dogs, and horses are most frequently affected. Known wildlife hosts infected with leptospires include many of the small rodents, raccoons, foxes, opossums, skunks, deer, and moose.
Insolvency and bankruptcy based on Islamic principles within China – a data-driven analysis and framework
Creators: name: Katterbauer, Klemens
name: Syed, Hassan
name: Genc, Sema Yilmaz
name: Cleenewerck, Laurent
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2023

description: Islamic bankruptcy law and finance have taken on a growing role in modern economies, with several governments aiming to align the economic system with Islamic principles and solve some of the shortcomings of existing financial regulations related to bankruptcies. Within the last 40 years, China has become a major economy with significant development of its legal system. With the increasing growth and engagement with the Muslim world, challenges have arisen with speculative business practices and rising defaults. Furthermore, the growing engagement with Muslim countries has fostered a growing focus on providing Shariah-compliant legal frameworks to encourage trade and ensure the protection of corporations. Insolvencies and bankruptcies are natural in an economy. However, Islam emphasizes the importance of there being no distinction between balance sheet insolvency and cashflow insolvency, as well as the importance of personal responsibility for the debts incurred. The article has presented a solid outline of the Islamic and Chinese bankruptcy laws and how Islamic principles can be integrated into the Chinese legal system. The arising system in the form of either a separate legal system or one integrating these principles into the existing bankruptcy regulations can significantly strengthen debtor responsibility and recovery rates and encourage fairer business practices.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
When and how to fallow: first steps towards banana crop yield improvement through optimal and sustainable control of a soilborne pest
Creators: name: TANKAM CHEDJOU, Israël
name: GROGNARD, Frédéric
name: TEWA, Jean Jules
name: TOUZEAU, Suzanne
Publisher: name: Journal of Interdisciplinary Methodologies and Issues in Science - JIMIS-CNRS-Episciences - ESPACE - Agorantic
Year: 2021
Subjects: yield optimization
semi-discrete model
epidemiological model
west management
burrowing nematode

description: The main hindrance to banana crop yields is the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis, a microscopic worm that feeds and develops in plant roots. R. similis is an obligatory parasite that fortunately resists badly in the absence of its host. Hence, the deployment of fallows is an efficient way to keep its populations low enough in the soil to have good economic returns on banana bunches. The banana plant is a perennial plant which reproduces itself by budding from its roots, but after a fallow period, a nematode-free sucker needs to be planted to provide for the next cropping season. Fallow is a recommended cropping practice to reduce nematode infestation, but it comes at the cost of nematode-free suckers. Moreover, fallows reduce the time devoted to growing bananas on a given time horizon and may reduce the total yield. A trade-off should then be found between fallow deployment to reduce pest infestation and economic returns. The questions that emerge are when to leave room for the natural reproduction of the banana plant, and when to deploy the fallow? How long to deploy the fallow if applicable? On the basis of mathematical models this paper attempts to answer the questions.
The Significance of Ijtihad in Resolution Syariah: Towards a Takaful Legal Framework in Malaysia
Creators: name: Mustafa, Aisyah
name: Ab Rahman, Asmak
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2023

description: Takaful businesses have to be run according to Shariah. In takaful operations, many shariah issues have arisen based on operations, activities, products, investments, etc. In Malaysia, under the Islamic Financial Service Act (IFSA 2013), takaful operators are required to form a Shariah committee to advise and resolve these Shariah issues. This study will examine the significance of ijtihad that has been done by the Shariah Advisory Council (SAC) in solving the Shariah issues faced by the industry. The study is qualitative-based research that used various documents related to takaful business in Malaysia. The study results show that the ijtihad issued by SAC influences the takaful legal framework in Malaysia, particularly when it comes to shariah issues. Other countries could learn from this to implement Islamic law in legal and regulatory frameworks, especially in the Islamic finance industry.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Cryptocurrency in Indonesia: A Sentiment Analysis
Creators: name: As-Salafiyah, Aisyah
name: Huda, Nurul
name: Sakinah, Sakinah
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2023

description: This study was carried out to ascertain the opinions of the Indonesian people, particularly Generations Y and Z, about the growth of cryptocurrency. This study used descriptive statistical analysis to analyse sentiment using primary data from 100 respondents through the questionnaire. The SentiStrength software is used to process the data. According to the findings, generations Y and Z in Indonesia tend to have more neutral sentiment (48%), positive sentiment (23%), negative sentiment (28%), and highly negative sentiment (1%). The findings of this research show that most respondents are more sceptical about cryptocurrency in Indonesia. Respondents, with a neutral sentiment, consider that the development of cryptocurrency has not been inclusive. Therefore, there is no positive or negative sentiment. However, this study also discovered that respondents' negative responses dominated the positive responses. As a result, the findings of this study can be used to develop suitable policies or education. The study's implication is to represent the overall perspective and offer a basic understanding of the opinion of the Indonesian Y and Z generations toward cryptocurrency.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, Vol. 10 No. 3 (2023)
Three-loop Corrections in a Covariant Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: McIntire, Jeff
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral effective field theories have been used with success in the study of nuclear structure. It is of interest to systematically improve these energy functionals (particularly that of quantum hadrodynamics) through the inclusion of many-body correlations. One possible source of improvement is the loop expansion. Using the techniques of Infrared Regularization, the short-range, local dynamics at each order in the loops is absorbed into the parameterization of the underlying effective lagrangian. The remaining nonlocal, exchange correlations must be calculated explicitly. Given that the interactions of quantum hadrodynamics are relatively soft, the loop expansion may be manageable or even perturbative in nuclear matter. This work investigates the role played by the three-loop contributions to the loop expansion for quantum hadrodynamics.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Deep Multi-Stage CSI Acquisition for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided MIMO Systems
Creators: name: Gao, Shen
name: Dong, Peihao
name: Pan, Zhiwen
name: Li, Geoffrey Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article aims to reduce huge pilot overhead when estimating the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) relayed wireless channel. Motivated by the compelling grasp of deep learning in tackling nonlinear mapping problems, the proposed approach only activates a part of RIS elements and utilizes the corresponding cascaded channel estimate to predict another part. Through a synthetic deep neural network (DNN), the direct channel and active cascaded channel are first estimated sequentially, followed by the channel prediction for the inactive RIS elements. A three-stage training strategy is developed for this synthetic DNN. From simulation results, the proposed deep learning based approach is effective in reducing the pilot overhead and guaranteeing the reliable estimation accuracy.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted by IEEE Communications Letters
Quantizing N=2 Multicenter Solutions
Creators: name: de Boer, Jan
name: El-Showk, Sheer
name: Messamah, Ilies
name: Bleeken, Dieter Van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: N=2 supergravity in four dimensions, or equivalently N=1 supergravity in five dimensions, has an interesting set of BPS solutions that each correspond to a number of charged centers. This set contains black holes, black rings and their bound states, as well as many smooth solutions. Moduli spaces of such solutions carry a natural symplectic form which we determine, and which allows us to study their quantization. By counting the resulting wavefunctions we come to an independent derivation of some of the wall-crossing formulae. Knowledge of the explicit form of these wavefunctions allows us to find quantum resolutions to some apparent classical paradoxes such as solutions with barely bound centers and those with an infinitely deep throat. We show that quantum effects seem to cap off the throat at a finite depth and we give an estimate for the corresponding mass gap in the dual CFT. This is an interesting example of a system where quantum effects cannot be neglected at macroscopic scales even though the curvature is everywhere small.
description: 49 pages + appendices
Structures in surface-brightness profiles of LMC and SMC star clusters: evidence of mergers?
Creators: name: Carvalho, Luziane
name: Saurin, Tiago
name: Bica, Eduardo
name: Bonatto, Charles
name: Schmidt, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LMC and SMC are rich in binary star clusters, and some mergers are expected. It is important to characterize single clusters, binary clusters and candidates to mergers. We selected a sample of star clusters in each Cloud with this aim. Surface photometry of 25 SMC and 22 LMC star clusters was carried with the ESO Danish 1.54 m telescope. 23 clusters were observed for the first time for these purposes. We fitted Elson, Fall and Freeman (1987, EFF) profiles to the data, deriving structural parameters, luminosities and masses. We also use isophotal maps to constrain candidates to cluster interactions.} {The structural parameters, luminosities and masses presented good agreement with those in the literature. Three binary clusters in the sample have a double profile. Four clusters (NGC 376, K 50, K 54 and NGC 1810) do not have companions and present as well important deviations from EFF profiles. The present sample contains blue and red Magellanic clusters. Extended EFF profiles were detected in some blue clusters. We find evidence that important deviations from the body of EFF profiles might be used as a tool to detect cluster mergers.
description: 16 pages and 8 figures. Accepted by A&A
Model-based Cybersecurity Analysis: Past Work and Future Directions
Creators: name: Enoch, Simon Yusuf
name: Ge, Mengmeng
name: Hong, Jin B.
name: Kim, Dong Seong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Model-based evaluation in cybersecurity has a long history. Attack Graphs (AGs) and Attack Trees (ATs) were the earlier developed graphical security models for cybersecurity analysis. However, they have limitations (e.g., scalability problem, state-space explosion problem, etc.) and lack the ability to capture other security features (e.g., countermeasures). To address the limitations and to cope with various security features, a graphical security model named attack countermeasure tree (ACT) was developed to perform security analysis by taking into account both attacks and countermeasures. In our research, we have developed different variants of a hierarchical graphical security model to solve the complexity, dynamicity, and scalability issues involved with security models in the security analysis of systems. In this paper, we summarize and classify security models into the following; graph-based, tree-based, and hybrid security models. We discuss the development of a hierarchical attack representation model (HARM) and different variants of the HARM, its applications, and usability in a variety of domains including the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud, Software-Defined Networking, and Moving Target Defenses. We provide the classification of the security metrics, including their discussions. Finally, we highlight existing problems and suggest future research directions in the area of graphical security models and applications. As a result of this work, a decision-maker can understand which type of HARM will suit their network or security analysis requirements.
description: 10 pages
Plasma and cavitation dynamics during pulsed laser microsurgery in vivo
Creators: name: Hutson, M. Shane
name: Ma, Xiaoyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the plasma and cavitation dynamics underlying pulsed laser microsurgery in water and in fruit fly embryos (in vivo) - specifically for nanosecond pulses at 355 and 532 nm. We find two key differences. First, the plasma-formation thresholds are lower in vivo - especially at 355 nm - due to the presence of endogenous chromophores that serve as additional sources for plasma seed electrons. Second, the biological matrix constrains the growth of laser-induced cavitation bubbles. Both effects reduce the disrupted region in vivo when compared to extrapolations from measurements in water.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Forward modelling of Kepler-band variability due to faculae and spots
Creators: name: Johnson, Luke J.
name: Norris, Charlotte N.
name: Unruh, Yvonne C.
name: Solanki, Sami K.
name: Krivova, Natalie
name: Witzke, Veronika
name: Shapiro, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variability observed in photometric lightcurves of late-type stars (on timescales longer than a day) is a dominant noise source in exoplanet surveys and results predominantly from surface manifestations of stellar magnetic activity, namely faculae and spots. The implementation of faculae in lightcurve models is an open problem, with scaling typically based on spectra equivalent to hot stellar atmospheres or assuming a solar-derived facular contrast. We modelled rotational (single period) lightcurves of active G2, K0, M0 and M2 stars, with Sun-like surface distributions and realistic limb-dependent contrasts for faculae and spots. The sensitivity of lightcurve variability to changes in model parameters such as stellar inclination, feature area coverage, spot temperature, facular region magnetic flux density and active band latitudes is explored. For our lightcurve modelling approach we used actress, a geometrically accurate model for stellar variability. actress generates 2-sphere maps representing stellar surfaces and populates them with user-prescribed spot and facular region distributions. From this, lightcurves can be calculated at any inclination. Quiet star limb darkening and limb-dependent facular contrasts were derived from MURaM 3D magnetoconvection simulations using ATLAS9. 1D stellar atmosphere models were used for the spot contrasts. We applied actress in Monte-Carlo simulations, calculating lightcurve variability amplitudes in the Kepler band. We found that, for a given spectral type and stellar inclination, spot temperature and spot area coverage have the largest effect on variability of all simulation parameters. For a spot coverage of 1%, the typical variability of a solar-type star is around 2 parts-per-thousand. The presence of faculae clearly affects the mean brightness and lightcurve shape, but has relatively little influence on the variability.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS 22 April 2021
The Peculiar Periodic YSO WL 4 in Rho Ophiuchus
Creators: name: Plavchan, Peter
name: Gee, Alan H.
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl
name: Becker, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of 130.87 day periodic near-infrared flux variability for the Class II T Tauri star WL 4 (= 2MASS J16271848-2429059, ISO-Oph 128). Our data are from the 2MASS Calibration Point Source Working Database, and constitute 1580 observations in J, H and Ks of a field in Rho Ophiuchus used to calibrate the 2MASS All-Sky Survey. We identify a light curve for WL 4 with eclipse amplitudes of ~0.4 mag lasting more than one-quarter the period, and color variations in J-H and H-Ks of ~0.1 mag. The long period cannot be explained by stellar rotation. We propose that WL 4 is a triple YSO system, with an inner binary orbital period of 130.87 days. We posulate that we are observing each component of the inner binary alternately being eclipsed by a circum-binary disk with respect to our line of sight. This system will be useful in investigating terrestrial zone YSO disk properties and dynamics at ~1 Myr.
description: ApJ Letters, accepted
The extraction of landslides in a satellite image using a digital elevation model
Creators: name: Donahue, John Patrick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Landslides in the landscape exhibit predictable properties of shape, structure and orientation. These properties are reflected to varying degrees in their depiction in a satellite image. Landslides can be isolated along with similar objects in a digital image using differential and template operators. Extraction of the landslide features from these images can proceed using a logic-based model which draws on an appropriate object definition approximating the depiction of the landslides in an edge-operated image and a digital elevation model. An object extraction algorithm based on these concepts is used in repeated trials to ascertain the effectiveness of this automated approach. A low resolution linear object definition (Fischler et al. , 1981) is used to isolate candidate pixel segments in three enhanced images. These segments are classified as landslides or non-landslides according to their image pixel intensity, length, slope, and orientation. Digital elevation data is used to evaluate slope and orientation criteria. Results are compared to an inventory of landslides made using aerial photographs. Study results indicate that 17% to 28% of landslides in the image are identified for trials that produce a commission error rate of less than 50%. Commission errors are dominated by image objects related to roads and waste wood areas in clearcuts. A higher rate of successful identification was noted for landslides which occurred within 15 years of image acquisition (24% to 32%), and was most apparent for the subset of that group which was located in areas that were harvested more than 15 years before acquisition or were unharvested (29% to 38%). Successful identifications in the trials are dominated by events greater than 300 metres long and wider than 20 metres. The results suggest that the approach is more reliable in unharvested areas of the image. The poor quality of the digital elevation data, specifically artifacts produced by the contour-to-grid algorithm, was partly responsible for errors of commission and omission. The simplicity of the object definition used is another factor in error production. The methodology is not operational, but represents a realistic approach to scene segmentation for resource management given further refinement.
Thermal transport from 1D- and 2D-confined nanostructures on silicon probed using coherent extreme UV light: General and predictive model yields new understanding
Creators: name: Beardo, Albert
name: Knobloch, Joshua L.
name: Sendra, Lluc
name: Bafaluy, Javier
name: Frazer, Travis D.
name: Chao, Weilun
name: Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge N.
name: Kapteyn, Henry C.
name: Abad, Begoña
name: Murnane, Margaret M.
name: Alvarez, F. Xavier
name: Camacho, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heat management is crucial in the design of nanoscale devices as the operating temperature determines their efficiency and lifetime. Past experimental and theoretical works exploring nanoscale heat transport in semiconductors addressed known deviations from Fourier's law modeling by including effective parameters, such as a size-dependent thermal conductivity. However, recent experiments have qualitatively shown new behavior that cannot be modeled in this way. Here, we combine advanced experiment and theory to show that the cooling of 1D- and 2D-confined nanoscale hot spots on silicon can be described using a general hydrodynamic heat transport model, contrary to previous understanding of heat flow in bulk silicon. We use a comprehensive set of extreme ultraviolet scatterometry measurements of non-diffusive transport from transiently heated nanolines and nanodots to validate and generalize our ab initio model, that does not need any geometry-dependent fitting parameters. This allows us to uncover the existence of two distinct timescales and heat transport mechanisms: an interface resistance regime that dominates on short time scales, and a hydrodynamic-like phonon transport regime that dominates on longer timescales. Moreover, our model can predict the full thermomechanical response on nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales for arbitrary geometries, providing an advanced practical tool for thermal management of nanoscale technologies. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for the transport timescales, valid for a subset of geometries, supplying a route for optimizing heat dissipation.
Quasi two-dimensional carriers in dilute-magnetic-semiconductor quantum wells under in-plane magnetic field
Creators: name: Simserides, Constantinos
name: Galanakis, Iosif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the competition between spatial and magnetic confinement, the density of states of a quasi two-dimensional system deviates from the ideal step-like form both quantitatively and qualitatively. We study how this affects the spin-subband populations and the spin-polarization as functions of the temperature, $T$, and the in-plane magnetic field, $B$, for narrow to wide dilute-magnetic-semiconductor quantum wells. We focus on the quantum well width, the magnitude of the spin-spin exchange interaction, and the sheet carrier concentration dependence. We look for ranges where the system is completely spin-polarized. Increasing $T$, the carrier spin-splitting, $U_{oσ}$, decreases, while increasing $B$, $U_{oσ}$ increases. Moreover, due to the density of states modification, all energetically higher subbands become gradually depopulated.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Electronic structure and magnetism of a ferromagnetic insulator Cs2AgF4: explanation for a lilac colour and a prediction for the anisotropic g factor
Creators: name: Ropka, R. J. Radwanski Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic properties of stechiometric Cs2AgF4 have been calculated within a very strong correlation limit taking into account a low-symmetry crystal field and the intra-atomic spin-orbit coupling of the Ag2+ ion. We consistently explain the insulating ground state and the magnetic state revealing the spin gap of 2.6 meV below Tc of 14.9 K. A d-d excitation of 2.0-2.3 eV related to the t2g-eg promotion energy (=10Dq) is a reason for the lilac colour of Cs2AgF4. Our approach can be experimentally verified by the measurement of the g factor (gz =2.12 and gy =2.52) and the absorption energy at 2.0-2.3 eV.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures embedded
title: L’influence de l’angle Q sur les performances de tests de sauts du membre inférieur chez des adultes sportifs
title: L’influence de l’angle Q sur les performances de tests de sauts du membre inférieur chez des adultes sportifs
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Charrière, Morgane
name: Grognuz, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: Angle du quadriceps
subject: Angle Q
subject: Adultes
subject: Sportifs
subject: Performance athlétique
subject: Test de saut
subject: hesav TB Phy
subject: Vertical Jump
subject: Drop Vertical Jump

description: Introduction : Le saut vertical est essentiel pour la performance sportive, mais l'impact de l'angle Q sur les performances de sauts n’a pour l’instant retenu que peu d’attention dans la recherche et la littérature. Une corrélation entre l'angle Q et les performances de saut vertical reste encore à être définie. Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail est d’évaluer, chez une population adulte saine de sportifs hommes et femmes, l’influence de l’angle Q sur les performances de tests de sauts du membre inférieur. Méthode : Les bases de données PubMed, Embase et CINHAL ont été consultées de septembre 2022 à janvier 2023. Trois articles ont été retenus et analysés avec la grille McMaster. Les résultats des tests de sauts, tels que la hauteur verticale, ont été corrélés aux valeurs d'angle Q des participants par des tests statistiques. Résultats : Les trois articles avaient pour seul outcome commun la hauteur verticale lors du saut vertical. Deux articles ont montré une corrélation négative modérée entre l'angle Q et les performances du saut vertical, tandis que le troisième article a trouvé une faible, voire aucune corrélation. Conclusion : Cette revue souligne des résultats contradictoires sur la relation entre l'angle Q et les performances lors des sauts chez les adultes sportifs en bonne santé. Les divergences méthodologiques ont contribué à l'absence de résultats cohérents. Des recherches supplémentaires avec des protocoles standardisés sont nécessaires pour confirmer cette relation et établir des corrélations claires.
Phase and amplitude description of complex oscillatory patterns in reaction-diffusion systems
Creators: name: Nakao, Hiroya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous rhythmic oscillations are widely observed in various real-world systems. In particular, biological rhythms, which typically arise via synchronization of many self-oscillatory cells, often play important functional roles in living systems. One of the standard theoretical methods for analyzing synchronization dynamics of oscillatory systems is the phase reduction for weakly perturbed limit-cycle oscillators, which allows us to simplify nonlinear dynamical models exhibiting stable limit-cycle oscillations to a simple one-dimensional phase equation. Recently, the classical phase reduction method has been generalized to infinite-dimensional oscillatory systems such as spatially extended systems and time-delayed systems, and also to include amplitude degrees of freedom representing deviations of the system state from the unperturbed limit cycle. In this chapter, we discuss the method of phase-amplitude reduction for spatially extended reaction-diffusion systems exhibiting stable oscillatory patterns. As an application, we analyze entrainment of a reaction-diffusion system exhibiting limit-cycle oscillations by an optimized periodic forcing and additional feedback stabilization.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
The Dust and Gas Around beta Pictoris
Creators: name: Chen, C. H.
name: Li, A.
name: Bohac, C.
name: Kim, K. H.
name: Watson, D. M.
name: van Cleve, J.
name: Houck, J.
name: Stapelfeldt, K.
name: Werner, M. W.
name: Rieke, G.
name: Su, K.
name: Marengo, M.
name: Backman, D.
name: Beichman, C.
name: Fazio, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have obtained Spitzer IRS 5.5 - 35 micron spectroscopy of the debris disk around beta Pictoris. In addition to the 10 micron silicate emission feature originally observed from the ground, we also detect the crystalline silicate emission bands at 28 micron and 33.5 micron. This is the first time that the silicate bands at wavelengths longer than 10 micron have ever been seen in the beta Pictoris disk. The observed dust emission is well reproduced by a dust model consisting of fluffy cometary and crystalline olivine aggregates. We searched for line emission from molecular hydrogen and atomic [S I], Fe II, and Si II gas but detected none. We place a 3 sigma upper limit of <17 Earth masses on the H2 S(1) gas mass, assuming an excitation temperature of Tex = 100 K. This suggests that there is less gas in this system than is required to form the envelope of Jupiter. We hypothesize that some of the atomic Na I gas observed in Keplerian rotation around beta Pictoris may be produced by photon-stimulated desorption from circumstellar dust grains.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures (including 3 color figures), ApJ, in press
Experimental demonstration of robustness of Gaussian quantum coherence
Creators: name: Kang, Haijun
name: Han, Dongmei
name: Wang, Na
name: Liu, Yang
name: Hao, Shuhong
name: Su, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Besides quantum entanglement and steering, quantum coherence has also been identified as a useful quantum resource in quantum information. It is important to investigate the evolution of quantum coherence in practical quantum channels. In this paper, we experimentally quantify the quantum coherence of a squeezed state and a Gaussian Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entangled state transmitted in Gaussian thermal noise channel, respectively. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of the transmitted states, quantum coherence of these Gaussian states is quantified by calculating the relative entropy. We show that quantum coherence of the squeezed state and the Gaussian EPR entangled state is robust against loss and noise in a quantum channel, which is different from the properties of squeezing and Gaussian entanglement. Our experimental results pave the way for application of Gaussian quantum coherence in lossy and noisy environments.