cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Temporal Normal Distribution Functions
Creators: name: Tessari, Lorenzo
name: Hanika, Johannes
name: Dachsbacher, Carsten
name: Droske, Marc
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computing methodologies
Ray tracing
Reflectance modeling

description: Specular aliasing can make seemingly simple scenes notoriously hard to render efficiently: small geometric features with high curvature and near specular reflectance result in tiny lighting features which are difficult to resolve at low sample counts per pixel. LEAN and LEADR mapping can be used to convert geometric surface detail to anisotropic surface roughness in a preprocess. In scenes including fluid simulation this problem is particularly apparent with fast moving elements such as spray particles, which are typically represented as participating media in movie rendering. Both approaches, however, are only valid in the far-field regime where the geometric detail is much smaller than a pixel, while the challenge of resolving highlights remains in the meso-scale. Fast motion and the relatively long shutter intervals, commonly used in movie production, lead to strong variation of the surface normals seen under a pixel over time aggravating the problem. Recent specular anti aliasing approaches preintegrate geometric curvature under the pixel footprint for one specific ray to achieve noise free images at low sample counts. We extend these to anisotropic surface roughness and to account for the temporal surface normal variation due to motion blur. We use temporal derivatives to approximate the distribution of the surface normal seen under a pixel over the course of the shutter interval. Furthermore, we discuss how this can afterwards be combined with the surface BSDF in a practical way.
description: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - DL-only Track
description: Denoising and Filtering
description: 1
description: 12
description: Lorenzo Tessari, Johannes Hanika, Carsten Dachsbacher, and Marc Droske
description: CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Ray tracing; Reflectance modeling
Duale Schriftnutzung: Brailleschrift und Schwarzschrift
Creators: name: Winter, Fabian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: dual-media
Brailleschrift
duale Schriftnutzung
Blinden- und Sehbehindertenpädagogik
Schriftspracherwerb
Blindheit
Sehbeeinträchtigung
Open Access

description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden die schriftsprachlichen Kompetenzen von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit dualer Schriftnutzung untersucht. Von einem dualen Schriftspracherwerb spricht man, wenn Kinder oder Jugendliche mit Sehbeeinträchtigung neben der Schwarzschrift auch die Brailleschrift erlernen. Vom Erwerb eines zusätzlichen Schriftmediums profitieren insbesondere Lernende mit fortschreitenden oder schwerwiegenden Augenerkrankungen. Wie wirkt sich ein dualer Schriftspracherwerb auf die Leseflüssigkeit, die Rechtschreibung bzw. das Lese- und Hörverstehen aus? Wie können Kinder und Jugendliche mit dualer Schriftnutzung gefördert werden? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, werden die Ergebnisse aus einer Kompetenzerhebung sowie mehreren Fallstudien herangezogen und mit dem aktuellen Kenntnis- und Forschungsstand zur dualen Schriftnutzung verknüpft. Dazu werden praktische und anschauliche Beispiele geliefert, wie der Unterricht von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit dualer Schriftnutzung gelingen kann.
Real-time Monte Carlo Denoising with the Neural Bilateral Grid
Creators: name: Meng, Xiaoxu
name: Zheng, Quan
name: Varshney, Amitabh
name: Singh, Gurprit
name: Zwicker, Matthias
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computing methodologies
Neural networks
Ray tracing

description: Real-time denoising for Monte Carlo rendering remains a critical challenge with regard to the demanding requirements of both high fidelity and low computation time. In this paper, we propose a novel and practical deep learning approach to robustly denoise Monte Carlo images rendered at sampling rates as low as a single sample per pixel (1-spp). This causes severe noise, and previous techniques strongly compromise final quality to maintain real-time denoising speed. We develop an efficient convolutional neural network architecture to learn to denoise noisy inputs in a data-dependent bilateral space. Our neural network learns to generate a guide image for first splatting noisy data into the grid, and then slicing it to read out the denoised data. To seamlessly integrate bilateral grids into our trainable denoising pipeline, we leverage a differentiable bilateral grid, called neural bilateral grid, which enables end-to-end training. In addition, we also show how we can further improve denoising quality using a hierarchy of multi-scale bilateral grids. Our experimental results demonstrate that this approach can robustly denoise 1-spp noisy input images at real-time frame rates (a few milliseconds per frame). At such low sampling rates, our approach outperforms state-of-the-art techniques based on kernel prediction networks both in terms of quality and speed, and it leads to significantly improved quality compared to the state-of-the-art feature regression technique.
description: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - DL-only Track
description: Denoising and Filtering
description: 13
description: 24
description: Xiaoxu Meng, Quan Zheng, Amitabh Varshney, Gurprit Singh, and Matthias Zwicker
description: CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Neural networks; Ray tracing
Numerical and analytical research of the impact of decoherence on quantum circuits
Creators: name: Bogdanov, Yu. I.
name: Chernyavskiy, A. Yu.
name: Bantysh, B. I.
name: Lukichev, V. F.
name: Orlikovsky, A. A.
name: Semenihin, I. A.
name: Fastovets, D. V.
name: Holevo, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three different levels of noisy quantum schemes modeling are considered: vectors, density matrices and Choi-Jamiolkowski related states. The implementations for personal computers and supercomputers are described, and the corresponding results are shown. For the level of density matrices, we present the technique of the fixed rank approximation and show some analytical estimates of the fidelity level.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, report for the International Symposium "Quantum Informatics-2014" (QI-2014), Zvenigorod, Moscow region, October 06-10, 2014
AN ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL AGENCIES' USE OF CLINICAL TRIAL AGREEMENTS
Creators: name: Brand, Kevin D.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008

description: This Field Project describes a study of Clinical Trial Agreements ("CTAs") and their use by Federal agencies in their acquisition of investigational agents from companies. The CTA serves as the vehicle by which the agency is able to conduct clinical studies using the supplied agent, and enumerates the obligations and restrictions on the parties relating to the study. This will be accomplished by a study of relevant literature and by a query of Federal agencies that utilize CTAs. The Project categorizes provisions found by each queried agency and compares them against responses from a previous study which queried academic medical centers. Furthermore, those provisions will be expounded upon so as to enable the reader to consider how a provision impacts the research. Studying these provisions may enable one to craft CTA that meets the desired needs of the parties while affording maximum protection to everyone who has a stake in the clinical research.
Tracking Our Footsteps
Creators: name: Fang, Li
name: Ewing, Reid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cancer
Science Policy

description: Problem, research strategy, and findings: We conduct a systematic reading of all articles published in the past 30 years in three U.S.-based general planning journals, Journal of the American Planning Association (JAPA), Journal of Planning Education and Research (JPER), and Journal of Planning Literature (JPL), using latent Dirichlet allocation, a text mining technique. We find that certain research themes remain important in the past 3 decades, such as planning process, planning methods, and land use/growth management, whereas others have lost their prominent status, such as planning theory and planning education. New fields such as food systems have emerged during the study period. Editorial regimes appear to be associated with theme dynamics. Takeaway for practice: In this study we demonstrate a text mining method to effectively summarize a large amount of text data and track planning researchers’ footsteps in the study of planning issues reflected from published research articles. We identify past and emerging research trends in the studied journals that can help scholars situate their work in the literature and practitioners find collaboration opportunities. It also helps professional associations such as the American Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) and the APA open up new conference tracks and/or specialization groups/divisions so they can reflect the ever-changing interests of their memberships in a timely manner.
Trades in complex Hadamard matrices
Creators: name: Catháin, Padraig Ó
name: Wanless, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B20, 15B34

description: A trade in a complex Hadamard matrix is a set of entries which can be changed to obtain a different complex Hadamard matrix. We show that in a real Hadamard matrix of order $n$ all trades contain at least $n$ entries. We call a trade rectangular if it consists of a submatrix that can be multiplied by some scalar $c \neq 1$ to obtain another complex Hadamard matrix. We give a characterisation of rectangular trades in complex Hadamard matrices of order $n$ and show that they all contain at least $n$ entries. We conjecture that all trades in complex Hadamard matrices contain at least $n$ entries.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Do Industrial Preservation Policies Protect and Promote Urban Industrial Activity?
Creators: name: Davis, Jenna
name: Renski, Henry
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Problem, research strategy, and findings: In recent years, several major cities have implemented industrial preservation policies to attract and retain industrial uses after facing acute pressures to rezone often centrally located industrial land to “higher and better” uses. Minimal research to date, however, has examined how effective industrial preservation policies have been at protecting and promoting urban industrial activity. In this study, we ask how New York City’s (NY) Industrial Business Zone (IBZ) program affected four measures of urban industrial activity—industrial business registrations, industrial employment, industrial building permits, and industrial land—in IBZs in New York City. We benchmark our results against a comparison group established using propensity score matching. We find that the IBZ program had a significant impact on retaining industrial land in IBZs but that it did not have a significant impact on promoting new industrial business registrations, employment, or building permits in IBZs. Takeaway for practice: Our research provides evidence of how various measures of urban industrial activity change following the designation of an industrial preservation policy. This research suggests that industrial preservation policies can be an effective tool to stem urban industrial land losses in cities facing land use conversion pressures, but that such policies need to create more robust linkages with economic development planning objectives. In the interest of continuing to protect middle-class industrial job opportunities in central cities, planners and practitioners should consider how to strengthen ties between physical land use planning and economic development planning.
ICOS Ocean Station Labelling Step 2
Publisher: name: ICOS ERIC
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ocean pCO2
ICOS Ocean Stations
Labelling Instructions
Measurement Variables
Criteria
Uncertainty

description: The intent of this document is to provide an overview of step 2 of the labelling process of ICOS ocean stations. Section 2 of this document summarises the core variables for each of the station categories: Ship of Opportunity Program (SOOP lines), Repeat Ocean Sections (ROS), Fixed Ocean Stations (FOS), and Marine Flux Towers (MFT). This station type distinction will be maintained throughout the document. Section 3 of this document summarises the required documents to be submitted to the ICOS Ocean Thematic Centre (OTC) by each station’s Principal Investigator (PI) in order to be evaluated for step 2 labelling. Unless otherwise directed by the OTC, only stations that have successfully completed step 1 labelling should provide this information. Furthermore, in section 3, links to excel spreadsheets for metadata information are included, and these must also be completed in order to proceed through step 2 labelling. Section 4 summarises the general processing by the OTC of the 4 to 6 months of raw field data required from the PIs for step 2 labelling.
Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Creators: name: Hamidi, Shima
name: Sadegh Sabouri
name: Ewing, Reid
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Problem, research strategy, and findings: The impact of density on emerging highly contagious infectious diseases has rarely been studied. In theory, dense areas lead to more face-to-face interaction among residents, which makes them potential hotspots for the rapid spread of pandemics. On the other hand, dense areas may have better access to health care facilities and greater implementation of social distancing policies and practices. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a perfect case study to investigate these relationships. Our study uses structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect impacts of density on the COVID-19 infection and mortality rates for 913 U.S. metropolitan counties, controlling for key confounding factors. We find metropolitan population to be one of the most significant predictors of infection rates; larger metropolitan areas have higher infection and higher mortality rates. We also find that after controlling for metropolitan population, county density is not significantly related to the infection rate, possibly due to more adherence to social distancing guidelines. However, counties with higher densities have significantly lower virus-related mortality rates than do counties with lower densities, possibly due to superior health care systems. Takeaway for practice: These findings suggest that connectivity matters more than density in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Large metropolitan areas with a higher number of counties tightly linked together through economic, social, and commuting relationships are the most vulnerable to the pandemic outbreaks. They are more likely to exchange tourists and businesspeople within themselves and with other parts, thus increasing the risk of cross-border infections. Our study concludes with a key recommendation that planners continue to advocate dense development for a host of reasons, including lower death rates due to infectious diseases like COVID-19.
YERSINIA PESTIS F1 GENETIC VACCINE IN COMBINATION WITH RECOMBINANT F1 PROTEIN PROMOTES BOTH CELLULAR AND ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Creators: name: Brandler, Patricia
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1997

description: Genetic or DNA vaccines which involve the introduction of non-infectious nucleic acids in plasmids have attracted significant attention for future use in humans. A genetic vaccine for the bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis was examined. For comparative purposes, studies were also done with Clostridium tetanii DNA immunizations. The role of cellular immunity in resistance to infection by Yersinia is not well established. The enteropathogenic bacteria Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica actively deliver antigens to the cytosol of eucaryotic cells, suggesting that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunity may be induced by these species. In contrast Y. pestis lacks the outer membrane protein invasin that is necessary for attachment to cells and translocation of virulence factors into the cytosol. A genetic vaccine was used to induce intracellular expression of the fraction 1 (F1) capsular protein of Y. pestis within host mammalian cells and the ensuing immune response was examined. The F1 genetic vaccine stimulated more vigorous CTL responses than recombinant F1 polypeptide in BALB/c mice, suggesting the importance of cytosolic delivery for T-cell immunity to Y. pest/s. In addition, dominant T-helper 1 (TH1)-like antibody responses to plasm id-expressed F1 were observed in inbred strains of mice tested, whereas no antibody response occurred in outbred mice. These results suggest that the noninvasive nature of Y. pestis may provide an advantage for escaping host immune responses during the primary phase of infection. A priming immunization with the F1 genetic vaccine followed by a boost with recombinant F1 polypeptide produced a vigorous T-helper 2 (TH2)-like antibody response that was equivalent to 3 injections of F1 polypeptide. An immunization strategy based on a combination of recombinant protein and genetic vaccine may optimally promote both cellular and antibody-mediated immunity against Y. pestis.
A fractional Moser-Trudinger type inequalitiy in one dimension and its critical points
Creators: name: Iula, Stefano
name: Maalaoui, Ali
name: Martinazzi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 35R11, 35B33

description: We study a sharp fractional Moser-Trudinger type inequality in dimension 1, its compactness properties and the critical points of a functional associeted to the inequality.
description: 34 pages. In this second version some typos have been corrected and the bibliography has been updates and slightly expanded
CD8+ Cell Suppressor Effect on In Vitro Expression of HIV-1
Creators: name: Brantley, David William
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1990

description: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a panel of nine HIV-1 infected patients with well characterized patterns of virus isolation were used to evaluate the efficacy of virus isolation from enriched T-helper (CD4+) cells and to investigate the influence of T-suppressor (CD8+) cells on in vitro HIV-1 expression. Three patients were selected and grouped into each of three categories defined by the virus isolation rates obtained from their PBMCs co-cultured with mitogen induced actively replicating normal human PBMCs: a) high virus isolation category (89-99% isolation with 1 x 10^5 PBMCs), b) intermediate virus isolation category (50-75% isolation with 1 x 10^5 PBMCs), c) low virus isolation category (2-12% isolation with 1 x 10^5 PBMCs). Throughout these studies, PBMCs from patients in both the high and intermediate isolation categories yielded similar virus isolation rates to those obtained historically when the normal donor PBMCs (feeder cells, also referred to as target cells due to their CD4+ cell content) were actively replicating at the time of co-culture initiation. The isolation rate, however, dropped significantly (P<0.01) when feeder PBMCs were added to patient PBMCs and then activated mitogenically. Virus isolation from cultured patient PBMCs, without supplemental target cells, was generally unsuccessful; only two patients in the high virus isolation category yielded virus under these conditions. In contrast, HIV-1 was readily isolated from CD4+ cell enriched cultures and, in most cases, virus was generally more efficiently isolated from CD4+ cells than from co-cultures of patient PBMCs and donor target cells. Compared to their unseparated PBMC co-cultures with target cells, overall virus isolation from CD4+ cell enriched cultures from the high and intermediate virus isolation groups were enhanced 1.6-fold and 3.8-fold, respectively. Reconstitution of CD4+ cell enriched cultures with autologous CD8+ cells, however, significantly reduced virus isolation. This reduction varied somewhat between patients and was dependent on the number of CD8+ cells used in the reconstitution. With all patients who released virus in vitro, virus expression was totally suppressed at a CD8+ to CD4+ cell ratio equal to one. These data provide evidence supporting the thesis that CD8+ cells play a major regulatory role in HIV-1 expression and the spread of infection.
Publikationsfonds der Universität Bielefeld
Creators: name: Horstmann, Wolfram
Publisher: name: Kolloquium Wissensinfrastruktur
Year: 2010

description: An der Universität Bielefeld wurde ein Publikationsfonds in einer Pilotphase eingerichtet, der helfen soll, dass eine Open Access Primärpublikation nicht durch anfallende Kosten verhindert wird. Wenn Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern keine eigenen Mittel (Hausmittel, Drittmittel, DFG-Publikationspauschale etc.) zur Deckung von evtl. anfallenden Kosten zur Verfügung stehen, soll der Publikationsfonds einspringen. Dies ist insbesondere für Nachwuchswissenschaftler wichtig, die teilweise nicht über entsprechende eigene Mittel verfügen. Auch alternative Publikationsformen, etwa in den Geisteswissenschaften, sollen unterstützt werden.
description: Kolloquium Wissensinfrastruktur, Sommersemester 2010
title: Статистические методы поддержки управленческих решений
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Новосибирский государственный университет экономики и управления «НИНХ»
Year: 2021

description: Рассматриваются вопросы применения статистических и математических методов исследования в решении задач управления, проблемы типологии статистических данных. Сформулированы концептуальные основы статистического изучения нестабильных и турбулентных совокупностей, теории периодизации динамических рядов. Исследованы статистические аспекты построения матриц портфельного анализа. Раскрыты методологические особенности измерения экономического роста и развития территорий, оценок пространственной дифференциации, содержательные моменты обобщенного априорного оценивания экономических величин, проблемы идентификации поведенческих стратегий в информационном пространстве. Представлены возможные направления исследований конкретных хозяйственных ситуаций на различных уровнях управления (макро-, мезо-, микро-) и для разных видов экономической деятельности (финансовые рынки, страхование, риск-менеджмент, издательское дело и др.). Учебное пособие ориентировано на студентов старших курсов (бакалавриат и магистратура) и аспирантов, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «Статистика», «Экономика», «Менеджмент», «Бизнес-информатика» и изучающих методы поддержки и принятия управленческих решений. Будет полезна научным работникам, экономистам и менеджерам-практикам, в сфере компетенции которых находятся вопросы управления на всех уровнях агрегирования, а также в отдельных отраслях экономики.
Multi-Scale Appearance Modeling of Granular Materials with Continuously Varying Grain Properties
Creators: name: Zhang, Cheng
name: Zhao, Shuang
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computing methodologies
Rendering
Ray tracing

description: Many real-world materials such as sand, snow, salt, and rice are comprised of large collections of grains. Previously, multiscale rendering of granular materials requires precomputing light transport per grain and has difficulty in handling materials with continuously varying grain properties. Further, existing methods usually describe granular materials by explicitly storing individual grains, which becomes hugely data-intensive to describe large objects, or replicating small blocks of grains, which lacks the flexibility to describe materials with grains distributed in nonuniform manners. We introduce a new method to render granular materials with continuously varying grain optical properties efficiently. This is achieved using a novel symbolic and differentiable simulation of light transport during precomputation. Additionally, we introduce a new representation to depict large-scale granular materials with complex grain distributions. After constructing a template tile as preprocessing, we adapt it at render time to generate large quantities of grains with user-specified distributions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques using a few examples with a variety of grain properties and distributions.
description: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - DL-only Track
description: Natural Appearance
description: 25
description: 37
description: Cheng Zhang and Shuang Zhao
description: CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Rendering; Ray tracing
Temporal Sample Reuse for Next Event Estimation and Path Guiding for Real-Time Path Tracing
Creators: name: Dittebrandt, Addis
name: Hanika, Johannes
name: Dachsbacher, Carsten
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computing methodologies
Ray tracing
Visibility

description: Good importance sampling is crucial for real-time path tracing where only low sample budgets are possible. We present two efficient sampling techniques tailored for massively-parallel GPU path tracing which improve next event estimation (NEE) for rendering with many light sources and sampling of indirect illumination. As sampling densities need to vary spatially, we use an octree structure in world space and introduce algorithms to continuously adapt the partitioning and distribution of the sampling budget. Both sampling techniques exploit temporal coherence by reusing samples from the previous frame: For NEE we collect sampled, unoccluded light sources and show how to deduplicate, but also diffuse this information to efficiently sample light sources in the subsequent frame. For sampling indirect illumination, we present a compressed directional quadtree structure which is iteratively adapted towards high-energy directions using samples from the previous frame. The updates and rebuilding of all data structures takes about 1ms in our test scenes, and adds about 6ms at 1080p to the path tracing time compared to using state-of-the-art light hierarchies and BRDF sampling. We show that this additional effort reduces noise in terms of mean squared error by at least one order of magnitude in many situations.
description: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - DL-only Track
description: Path Guiding
description: 39
description: 51
description: Addis Dittebrandt, Johannes Hanika, and Carsten Dachsbacher
description: CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Ray tracing; Visibility
The Effects of the Rat Hepatocarcinogen Methapyrilene HC1 on Hepatic Metabolism in Rats and Mice
Creators: name: Brennan, Linda M.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1982

description: The effects on the hepatic metabolism of rats and mice of the rat hepatocarcinogen, methapyrilene HC1, were measured using sodium pentobarbital- induced sleeping time (PEN-induced ST) and the in vitro microsomal metabolism of methapyrilene HC1. One month of methapyrilene HC1 treatment in rats prolonged PEN-induced ST and depressed the metabolic activity of the microsomes, indicating a general reduction of the activity of hepatic enzymes. In the mice, however, the methapyrilene 1-IC1 treatment reduced PEN-induced ST and had no effect on the microsomal metabolism. When phenobarbital, a known hepatic enzyme inducer, was administered alone or simultaneously with methapyrilene HC1 in some of the treatment groups, the hepatic enzyme activities in both species were increased. The hepatic enzymes were, therefore, inducible in both species but only the mice were induced by treatment with methapyrilene HC1 alone. The difference in the effects of methapyrilene HC1 on the hepatic detoxifying mechanisms of rats and mice, as indicated by the in vivo metabolism of PEN and the in vitro microsomal metabolism of methapyrilene HC1, may explain the difference between the two species in their susceptibility to the hepatocarcinogenic effects of this compound.
Utilizing GIS and Land Management Data to Assess Small Community Wastewater
Creators: name: Brewer, Alan T.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2006

description: There is a need for an assessment tool that will allow jurisdictions to identify communities where failing onsite sewage disposal systems are likely to occur. By identifying risk factors associated with failing onsite sewage systems, a geographic map of high-risk areas can be created. After reviewing records of existing onsite sewage disposal systems, a logistic regression analysis was performed using system failure as the dependent variable and system age, parcel size and soils as independent variables. System age and parcel size were both significant, .002 and .004 respectively, with older systems and smaller parcels being associated with failing systems. Soil was not significant, .216. By utilizing the regression analysis, a predicted probability of failure value was assigned to each of the 6,254 parcels in the Catoctin Creek watershed. These probabilities were mapped which resulted in an effective assessment tool for predicting onsite wastewater system failure.
Reactogenicity and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 COVID-19 booster vaccinations after two doses of BNT162b2 among healthcare workers in Japan: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Naito, Toshio
name: Tsuchida, Nao
name: Kusunoki, Susumu
name: Kaneko, Yoshihiro
name: Tobita, Morikuni
name: Hori, Satoshi
name: Ito, Suminobu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This study evaluates the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 booster doses after the primary two-dose BNT162b2 series in Japan and is the first report from Western Pacific region. Healthcare workers receiving the two-dose BNT162b2 series and eligible for booster vaccination were enrolled. Self-reported adverse reactions were recorded for 8 days. Antibody titer was measured at baseline and on day 28. A total of 2,931 and 890 subjects received BNT162b2 (homologous) and mRNA-1273 (heterologous) booster vaccinations, respectively. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG titer increased by 50.9- and 64.3-fold in the homologous and heterologous groups, respectively. Immunogenicity was greater with increasing age, regardless of sex. Adverse reactions were mild to moderate and decreased with age. The most common adverse reactions were injection-site pain (92.2%), fatigue (71.8%), headache (58.3%), and fever ≥37.5°C (46.5%). Two cases of non-severe myocarditis occurred in the heterologous group and resolved without clinical sequelae. Homologous booster schedules had fewer reported adverse reactions; heterologous boosters elicited greater immunogenicity. Among different age groups, subjects aged 60 or over had the lowest immunogenicity before the booster, and both homologous and heterologous boosters restored vaccine immunogenicity level comparable to those of younger age groups.
Joint SVBRDF Recovery and Synthesis From a Single Image using an Unsupervised Generative Adversarial Network
Creators: name: Zhao, Yezi
name: Wang, Beibei
name: Xu, Yanning
name: Zeng, Zheng
name: Wang, Lu
name: Holzschuch, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Eurographics Association
Year: 2020
Subjects: Computing methodologies
Texturing

description: We want to recreate spatially-varying bi-directional reflectance distribution functions (SVBRDFs) from a single image. Pro- ducing these SVBRDFs from single images will allow designers to incorporate many new materials in their virtual scenes, increasing their realism. A single image contains incomplete information about the SVBRDF, making reconstruction difficult. Existing algorithms can produce high-quality SVBRDFs with single or few input photographs using supervised deep learning. The learning step relies on a huge dataset with both input photographs and the ground truth SVBRDF maps. This is a weakness as ground truth maps are not easy to acquire. For practical use, it is also important to produce large SVBRDF maps. Existing algorithms rely on a separate texture synthesis step to generate these large maps, which leads to the loss of consistency be- tween generated SVBRDF maps. In this paper, we address both issues simultaneously. We present an unsupervised generative adversarial neural network that addresses both SVBRDF capture from a single image and synthesis at the same time. From a low-resolution input image, we generate a large resolution SVBRDF, much larger than the input images. We train a generative adversarial network (GAN) to get SVBRDF maps, which have both a large spatial extent and detailed texels. We employ a two-stream generator that divides the training of maps into two groups (normal and roughness as one, diffuse and specular as the other) to better optimize those four maps. In the end, our method is able to generate high-quality large scale SVBRDF maps from a single input photograph with repetitive structures and provides higher quality rendering results with more details compared to the previous works. Each input for our method requires individual training, which costs about 3 hours.
description: Eurographics Symposium on Rendering - DL-only Track
description: BxDFs
description: 53
description: 66
description: Yezi Zhao, Beibei Wang, Yanning Xu, Zheng Zeng, Lu Wang, and Nicolas Holzschuch
description: CCS Concepts: Computing methodologies --> Texturing
Homological Dimensions Relative to Preresolving Subcategories
Creators: name: Huang, Zhaoyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce relative preresolving subcategories and precoresolving subcategories of an abelian category and define homological dimensions and codimensions relative to these subcategories respectively. We study the properties of these homological dimensions and codimensions and unify some important properties possessed by some known homological dimensions. Then we apply the obtained properties to special subcategories and in particular to module categories. Finally we propose some open questions and conjectures, which are closely related to the generalized Nakayama conjecture and the strong Nakayama conjecture.
description: 31 pages, Kyoto Journal of Mathematics, 54(4) (2014), 727--757
Induction of Endogenous Type C Virus by Defective Herpes Simplex Virus
Creators: name: Brewer, Pamela P.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1978

description: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), rendered defective by ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation or photodynamic treatment, induced endogenous type C virus from A1-2 cells. Infection of A1-2 cells, a clonal line of sarcoma positive, helper negative (S+H-) cells derived from the Balb/c mouse, with defective HSV-1 resulted in the activation of endogenous xenotropic type C virus, as determined by infectious center assay on permissive normal rat kidney (NRK) indicator cells. The amount of xenotropic virus induced depended on UV dose to HSV-1 or visible light dose to HSV-1 treated with the photosensitizing dye, proflavine sulfate. Certain aspects of activation with UV- irradiated HSV-1 were investigated to further characterize this induction and compare it to other chemical means of endogenous type C virus induction. Cell population growth experiments showed that optimum virus induction occurred when cells were in log phase. Investigation of the effect of metabolic inhibitors on UV- irradiated HSV-1 induction demonstrated a decrease in induction by both hydroxyurea, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, and actinomycin D, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, with actinomycin D having a greater inhibitory effect.
INFECTION OF B5 CELLS WITH CELL-FREE HTLV-1 AND AN HTLV-1 INFECTIOUS MOLECULAR CLONE
Creators: name: Brining, Susan Ann
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1996

description: Studies of in vitro human T-cell leukemia virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) infection have been limited by the lack of reproducible infections using cell free HTLV-1 virus. A cell free viral infectivity system is needed to study viral kinetics without the involvement of virus donor cells as in the current cocultivation systems. To develop an HTLV-1 infectivity assay using cell free virus, a variety of cell lines were screened for their susceptibility to be infected with 0.2 uM filtered, cell free HTLV-1 (SGDOWTSP, a primary HTLV-1 T cell isolate). The cells most reproducibly infected with cell free supernatant were DBS-FRhL-2, rhesus monkey lung fibroblasts. DBS-FRhL-2 cells were cloned and clone BS was selected as the most susceptible clone for infection with cell free HTLV-1. The cell free infectivity titer of SGDOWTSP was determined to be 4510 pg/ml p24. Two other HTLV-1 viral isolates, MT-2 and F8953, could also infect BS by cell free methods. BS cells could also be productively transfected with a full length HTLV-1 molecular clone, pCS-HTLV. By day 18 post transfection, 75 pg/ml p24 was detected and infection persisted for more than a year. Virus from these transfected B5 cells resulted in a productive infection when passed cell free to other B5 cells. A nucleocapsid mutant was constructed with a second protease cleavage site inserted in the pCS-HTLV p15 (p15P). Attempts to transfect B5 with this mutant resulted in no virus production. 293 cells transfected with both wild type and mutant virus were transiently infected. The cell free wild type virus from these 293 cells could productively infect B5 cells. The cell free mutant p15P virus could not productively infect B5 cells. This alteration of the nucleocapsid protein results in a replication defective virus.
Uncovering the Relationship Between Historic Districts and Same-Sex Households
Creators: name: Kinahan, Kelly L.
name: Ruther, Matthew H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Problem, research strategy, and findings: Despite established connections between the LGBTQ community and historic preservation, there is no analysis of unmarried partnered same-sex households (UPSSHs) and historic districts. Here we investigate the relationship between locally designated and National Register historic districts and demographic, socioeconomic, and housing changes—specifically, UPSSHs, racial and ethnic subgroups, and median household income—in 46 U.S. cities. Although the U.S. Census data capturing UPSSHs are time limited and only capture one segment of the broader LGBTQ community, they are the best available national data. We find significant growth in the share of male UPSSHs from 2000 to 2010 in census tracts where historic districts were established during the 1990s. Tracts with higher shares of male UPSSHs in 2000 are more likely to establish locally designated historic districts from 2000 to 2010. Finally, we also find evidence that historic districts are significantly related to later changes in race, ethnicity, and median household income. Takeaway for practice: The results indicate that historic districts can help grow the presence of UPSSHs, one segment of the broader LGBTQ community. Planners concerned with protecting queer spaces should consider incorporating preservation-based approaches. The presence of male UPSSHs increases the likelihood of locally designated historic districts, and preservation planners should work to ensure LGBTQ social histories are included in new designations where appropriate. Our findings also suggest losses of racial and ethnic subgroups and increasing median household income after designation, indicating the need for proactive efforts from planners and preservations to help protect existing vulnerable residents. The timing of these changes is not the same for all variables; thus, planners should focus attention on both short- and long-term shifts in historic districts.
Cooperative Base Station Coloring for Pair-wise Multi-Cell Coordination
Creators: name: Park, Jeonghun
name: Lee, Namyoon
name: Heath, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a method for designing BS clusters and cluster patterns for pair-wise BS coordination. The key idea is that each BS cluster is formed by using the 2nd-order Voronoi region, and the BS clusters are assigned to a specific cluster pattern by using edge-coloring for a graph drawn by Delaunay triangulation. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the BS selection conflict problem is prevented, while selected users are guaranteed to communicate with their two closest BSs in any irregular BS topology. With the proposed coordination method, analytical expressions for the rate distribution and the ergodic spectral efficiency are derived as a function of relevant system parameters in a fixed irregular network model. In a random network model with a homogeneous Poisson point process, a lower bound on the ergodic spectral efficiency is characterized. Through system level simulations, the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of conventional coordination methods: dynamic clustering and static clustering. Our major finding is that, when users are dense enough in a network, the proposed method provides the same level of coordination benefit with dynamic clustering to edge users.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 402-415, Jan. 2016
The centre-to-limb variations of solar Fraunhofer lines imprinted upon lunar eclipse spectra - Implications for exoplanet transit observations
Creators: name: Yan, Fei
name: Fosbury, Robert A. E.
name: Petr-Gotzens, Monika G.
name: Zhao, Gang
name: Pallé, Enric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmospheres of exoplanets are commonly studied by observing the transit of the planet passing in front of its parent star. The obscuration of part of the stellar disk during a transit will reveal aspects of its surface structure resulting from general centre-to-limb variations (CLVs). These become apparent when forming the ratio between the stellar light in and out of transit. These phenomena can be seen particularly clearly during the progress of a penumbral lunar eclipse, where the Earth transits the solar disk and masks different regions of the solar disk as the eclipse progresses. When inferring the properties of the planetary atmosphere, it is essential that this effect originating at the star is properly accounted for. Using the data observed from the 2014-April-15 lunar eclipse with the ESPaDOnS spectrograph mounted on the Canada France Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), we have obtained for the first time a time sequence of the penumbral spectra. These penumbral spectra enable us to study the centre-to-limb variations of solar Fraunhofer lines when the Earth is transiting Sun. The Na i and Ca ii absorption features reported from previous lunar eclipse observations are demonstrated to be CLV features, which dominate the corresponding line profiles and mask possible planetary signal. Detecting atmospheric species in exoplanets via transit spectroscopy must account for the CLV effect.
description: 9 pages, 11 figures, accepted, A&A
Biochemical Characterization of Plasma Membrane-Associated Interleukin 1
Creators: name: Brody, Dan T.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1987

description: Until now, murine plasma membrane-associated IL-1 has only been described as a poorly understood IL-1 biological activity. Evidence is presented herein that plasma membrane IL-1 is actually glycosylated IL-1 precursor bound to the plasma membrane through a lectin-like association with a carrier molecule.
What Is a Forecast for?
Creators: name: Voulgaris, Carole Turley
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Problem, research strategy, and findings: The forecasts transit agencies submit in support of applications for federal New Starts funding have historically overestimated ridership, as have ridership forecasts for rail projects in several countries and contexts. Forecast accuracy for New Starts projects has improved over time. Understanding the motivations of forecasters to produce accurate or biased forecasts can help forecast users determine whether to trust new forecasts. For this study I interviewed 13 transit professionals who have helped prepare or evaluate applications for federal New Starts funds. This sample includes interviewees who have had varying levels of involvement in all 82 New Starts projects that opened between 1976 and 2016. I recruited interviewees through a snowball sampling method; my interviews focus on the interviewees’ perspectives on how New Starts project evaluation and ridership forecasting has changed over time. Interview results suggest that ridership forecasters’ motivations to produce accurate forecasts may have increased with increased transparency, increased influence on local decision making, and decreased influence on external (federal) funding. Takeaway for practice: Planners can evaluate the likely trustworthiness of forecasts based on transparency, internal influence, and external influence. If forecast users cannot easily determine a forecast’s key inputs and assumptions, if the forecaster has been tasked with producing a forecast to justify a predetermined action, and if an unfavorable forecast would circumvent decisions by the forecaster’s immediate client, forecasts should viewed with skepticism. Planners should seek to alter conditions that may create these conflicts of interest. Forecasters seem to be willing and able to improve forecast accuracy when the demand for accurate forecasts increases.