cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Decreased resilience in power grids under dynamically induced vulnerabilities
Creators: name: Galindo-González, Cristian Camilo
name: Angulo-García, David
name: Osorio, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a methodology inspired on bond and site percolation methods is applied to the estimation of the resilience against failures in power grids. Our approach includes vulnerability measures with both dynamical and structural foundations as an attempt to find more insights about the relationships between topology and dynamics in the second-order Kuramoto model on complex networks. As test cases for numerical simulations, we use the real-world topology of the Colombian power transmission system, as well as randomly generated networks with spatial embedding. It is observed that, by focusing the attacks on those dynamical vulnerabilities, the power grid becomes, in general, more prone to reach a state of total blackout, which in the case of node removal procedures it is conditioned by the homogeneity of power distribution in the network.
Epidemiology of acute viral respiratory infections in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at a national hospital in Peru, 2019-2022. Supplementary material.
Creators: name: Fernandez-Guzman, Daniel
name: Mejia, Jhonatan R.
name: Luna-Vilchez, Medalit
name: Taype-Rondan, Alvaro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Table S1. Descriptive characteristics by virus etiology of ARI episodes attended at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja. 2019-2022 (N=250)Table S2. Descriptive characteristics of ARI episodes by year of attention at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja. 2019-2022 (N=1740)Table S3. Descriptive characteristics of ARI with viral etiology by year of attention at the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, according to viral etiology. 2019-2022 (N=250)
How to Spread a Rumor: Call Your Neighbors or Take a Walk?
Creators: name: Giakkoupis, George
name: Mallmann-Trenn, Frederik
name: Saribekyan, Hayk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2; G.3
subject: 60G50

description: We study the problem of randomized information dissemination in networks. We compare the now standard PUSH-PULL protocol, with agent-based alternatives where information is disseminated by a collection of agents performing independent random walks. In the VISIT-EXCHANGE protocol, both nodes and agents store information, and each time an agent visits a node, the two exchange all the information they have. In the MEET-EXCHANGE protocol, only the agents store information, and exchange their information with each agent they meet. We consider the broadcast time of a single piece of information in an $n$-node graph for the above three protocols, assuming a linear number of agents that start from the stationary distribution. We observe that there are graphs on which the agent-based protocols are significantly faster than PUSH-PULL, and graphs where the converse is true. We attribute the good performance of agent-based algorithms to their inherently fair bandwidth utilization, and conclude that, in certain settings, agent-based information dissemination, separately or in combination with PUSH-PULL, can significantly improve the broadcast time. The graphs considered above are highly non-regular. Our main technical result is that on any regular graph of at least logarithmic degree, PUSH-PULL and VISIT-EXCHANGE have the same asymptotic broadcast time. The proof uses a novel coupling argument which relates the random choices of vertices in PUSH-PULL with the random walks in VISIT-EXCHANGE. Further, we show that the broadcast time of MEET-EXCHANGE is asymptotically at least as large as the other two's on all regular graphs, and strictly larger on some regular graphs. As far as we know, this is the first systematic and thorough comparison of the running times of these very natural information dissemination protocols.
description: Full version of an article that appeared at the 2019 ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing; 33 pages; 1 figure
Model-free Feature Screening and FDR Control with Knockoff Features
Creators: name: Wanjun Liu
name: Ke, Yuan
name: Jingyuan Liu
name: Runze Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper proposes a model-free and data-adaptive feature screening method for ultra-high dimensional data. The proposed method is based on the projection correlation which measures the dependence between two random vectors. This projection correlation based method does not require specifying a regression model, and applies to data in the presence of heavy tails and multivariate responses. It enjoys both sure screening and rank consistency properties under weak assumptions. A two-step approach, with the help of knockoff features, is advocated to specify the threshold for feature screening such that the false discovery rate (FDR) is controlled under a pre-specified level. The proposed two-step approach enjoys both sure screening and FDR control simultaneously if the pre-specified FDR level is greater or equal to 1/s, where s is the number of active features. The superior empirical performance of the proposed method is illustrated by simulation examples and real data applications.
An interactive multi-criteria decision modeling tool using the Analytic Hierarchy Process methodology
Creators: name: Lee, John B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents an interactive software tool for applying multi-criteria decision making using qualitative criteria. The tool provides an easy to use implementation of the model based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This process allows decision-makers to set priorities and make choices based on their value judgments, objectives, knowledge and experience in a way that is consistent with their intuitive thought process. The software tool is designed to be simple, interactive and user-friendly so as to minimize any apprehension or resistance to its use. It enables a balanced, comprehensive, consistent and sustainable approach to the appraisal of policy and program proposals. Following a discussion of the AHP methodology, we illustrate the application of the tool. Three illustrative applications were developed to demonstrate how the tool could be used to model diverse real world decision-making situations: 1) Comparing communities on the basis of their contribution to human well-being; 2) Choosing between alternative programs for a charitable organization and 3) Choosing between sustainable development options.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF LISA HILL'S VIEW OF ADAM SMITH'S 'HIDDEN THEOLOGY'
Creators: name: Alvey, James E.
name: Alvey, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Political Economy

description: Lisa Hill has recently provided a new assessment of Adam Smith which attempts to reveal the 'hidden' theology which underpins his providential or 'optimistic' system of thought. Her interpretation breaks with the mainstream view of Smith as a follower of the secular, or atheistic, David Hume. While Hill concedes that there are resemblances to modern theories of evolution and spontaneous order in Smith's writings, the latter's own views differ. Darwinian evolution and Hayekian spontaneous order theories are thoroughly secular. Smith's ideas, however, are located in, what Hill calls 'a transitional phase in the history of ideas' in which belief in teleology was still mainstream. Hence, while society may change very slowly over time, in something like an evolutionary manner, according to Hill, Smith insists that it is evolution 'by design.' Similarly, spontaneous order is a sign of the divine ordering of the world. In Hill's reading, the 'invisible hand' doctrine not only emerges as a central component in all of Smith's works but it has a theological meaning: it is Smith's shorthand for the divinely-constructed spontaneous order. Hill's article makes an innovative contribution both to the 'new theological and teleological view' of Smith and to Smith scholarship generally. Whilst broadly sympathetic to the 'new view,' and Hill's version of it, I believe that some issues need further consideration. Her Panglossian interpretation of Smith seems to me to be overly 'optimistic.' This difference in interpretation manifests itself particularly in our differing presentations of Smith's view of history and the characterization of apparent 'defects' in nature. Where Hill finds Smith to be a thoroughly 'optimistic' theorist, I have presented him as a theorist who uneasily (and at times inconsistently) combines 'optimism' with 'pessimism.'
A NOTE ON SPURIOUS REGRESSION IN PANELS WITH CROSS-SECTION DEPENDENCE
Creators: name: Su, Jen-Je
name: Su, Jen-Je
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper analyses regression of two independent stationary panels with cross-sectional dependence. It is shown that the pooling least squares (PLS) estimator converges to zero in probability while the individual OLS estimator converges to a random variable. However, the PLS-based and the OLS-based t-statistics diverge, so the null hypothesis of no correlation tends to be spuriously rejected.
Interplay between Swampland and Bayesian Machine Learning in constraining cosmological models
Creators: name: Elizalde, Emilio
name: Khurshudyan, Martiros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraints on a dark energy dominated Universe are obtained from an interplay between Bayesian Machine Learning and string Swampland criteria. The approach here differs from previous studies, since in the generative process Swampland criteria are used and, only later, the results of the fit are validated, by using observational data-sets. A generative process based Bayesian Learning approach is applied to two models and the results are validated by means of available $H(z)$ data. For the first model, a parametrization of the Hubble constant is considered and, for the second, a parametrization of the deceleration parameter. This study is motivated by a recent work, where constraints on string Swampland criteria have been obtained from a Gaussian Process and $H(z)$ data. However, the results obtained here are fully independent of the observational data and allow to estimate how the high-redshift behavior of the Universe will affect the low-redshift one. Moreover, both parameterizations in the generative process, for the Hubble and for the deceleration parameters, are independent of the dark energy model. The outcome, both data- and dark energy model-independent, may highlight, in the future, the borders of the Swampland for the low-redshift Universe and help to develop new string-theory motivated dark-energy models. The string Swampland criteria considered might be in tension with recent observations indicating that phantom dark energy cannot be in the Swampland. Finally, a spontaneous sign switch in the dark energy equation of state parameter is observed when the field traverses are in the $z\in[0,5]$ redshift range, a remarkable phenomenon requiring further analysis.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Precision Measurement of the 29Si, 33S, and 36Cl Binding Energies
Creators: name: Dewey, M. S.
name: Kessler, E. G.
name: Deslattes, R. D.
name: Borner, H. G.
name: Jentschel, M.
name: Doll, C.
name: Mutti, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The binding energies of 29Si, 33S, and 36Cl have been measured with a relative uncertainty $< 0.59 \times 10^{-6}$ using a flat-crystal spectrometer. The unique features of these measurements are 1) nearly perfect crystals whose lattice spacing is known in meters, 2) a highly precise angle scale that is derived from first principles, and 3) a gamma-ray measurement facility that is coupled to a high flux reactor with near-core source capability. The binding energy is obtained by measuring all gamma-rays in a cascade scheme connecting the capture and ground states. The measurements require the extension of precision flat-crystal diffraction techniques to the 5 to 6 MeV energy region, a significant precision measurement challenge. The binding energies determined from these gamma-ray measurements are consistent with recent highly accurate atomic mass measurements within a relative uncertainty of $4.3 \times 10^{-7}$. The gamma-ray measurement uncertainties are the dominant contributors to the uncertainty of this consistency test. The measured gamma-ray energies are in agreement with earlier precision gamma-ray measurements.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
THE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF ADAM SMITH'S WORK
Creators: name: Alvey, James E.
name: Alvey, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Political Economy

description: The paper will discuss the theological foundation to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay this interpretation. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. After spelling out Smith's teleology and his view of final causes, divine design and the ends of nature, we try to explain the Panglossian nature of the 'new theistic view' of Smith. While our view differs somewhat, we agree with the essence of the 'new view' claim: a theological view exists in Smith which underpins his moral and economic theories.
STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS OF NEW ZEALAND'S MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: SOME EMPIRICAL RESULTS
Creators: name: Gounder, Rukmani
name: Xayavong, Vilaphonh
name: Gounder, Rukmani
name: Xayavong, Vilaphonh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: New Zealand Manufacturing Sector
subject: Total Productivity Growth
subject: Technical Progress
subject: Technical Efficiency
subject: Scale Components
subject: Allocative Efficiency

description: This paper examines the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFP) in New Zealand's manufacturing industries over the period 1978-98 and over various sub-periods. Examination of the data adopts two stages using a stochastic frontier approach. The first stage involves the specification and estimation of the stochastic frontier production function and the prediction of technical efficiency effects. The second stage involves the specification of a regression model for the predicted technical efficiency effects. The sources of TFP growth have been decomposed into four components; i.e. technical progress, changes in technical efficiency, scale effects, and change in allocative efficiency. The empirical results show that productivity has been largely due to changes in technical progress, technical efficiency and resource allocation effect. The changes in technical progress and resource allocation have improved in the post-reform period, i.e. 1984-98, while technical efficiency has declined in the post-reform period. With respect to scale effect its contribution to productivity growth is quite small.
Charged particle guiding and beam splitting with auto-ponderomotive potentials on a chip
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Robert
name: Seidling, Michael
name: Hommelhoff, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 78A37, 78A35, 78A30, 78A15

description: We report guiding and manipulation of charged particle beams by means of electrostatic optics based on a principle similar to the electrodynamic Paul trap. We use hundreds of electrodes fabricated on planar substrates and supplied with static voltages to create a ponderomotive potential for charged particles in motion. Shape and strength of the potential can be locally tailored by the electrodes' layout and the applied voltages, enabling the control of charged particle beams within precisely engineered effective potentials. We demonstrate guiding of electrons and ions for a large range of energies (from 20 to 5000 eV) and masses (5E-4 to 131 atomic mass units) as well as electron beam splitting as a proof-of-concept for more complex beam manipulation. Simultaneous confinement of charged particles with different masses is possible, as well as guiding of electrons with energies in the keV regime, and the creation of highly customizable potential landscapes, which is all hard to impossible with conventional electrodynamic Paul traps.
description: Main text: 4 pages, 4 figures; Supplementary Material: 3 pages, 4 figures; in total: 7 pages, 8 figures
Block Model Guided Unsupervised Feature Selection
Creators: name: Bai, Zilong
name: Nguyen, Hoa
name: Davidson, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Feature selection is a core area of data mining with a recent innovation of graph-driven unsupervised feature selection for linked data. In this setting we have a dataset $\mathbf{Y}$ consisting of $n$ instances each with $m$ features and a corresponding $n$ node graph (whose adjacency matrix is $\mathbf{A}$) with an edge indicating that the two instances are similar. Existing efforts for unsupervised feature selection on attributed networks have explored either directly regenerating the links by solving for $f$ such that $f(\mathbf{y}_i,\mathbf{y}_j) \approx \mathbf{A}_{i,j}$ or finding community structure in $\mathbf{A}$ and using the features in $\mathbf{Y}$ to predict these communities. However, graph-driven unsupervised feature selection remains an understudied area with respect to exploring more complex guidance. Here we take the novel approach of first building a block model on the graph and then using the block model for feature selection. That is, we discover $\mathbf{F}\mathbf{M}\mathbf{F}^T \approx \mathbf{A}$ and then find a subset of features $\mathcal{S}$ that induces another graph to preserve both $\mathbf{F}$ and $\mathbf{M}$. We call our approach Block Model Guided Unsupervised Feature Selection (BMGUFS). Experimental results show that our method outperforms the state of the art on several real-world public datasets in finding high-quality features for clustering.
description: Published at KDD2020
Returns to Graduate and Professional Education: The Roles of Mathematical and Verbal Skills by Major
Creators: name: Song, Moohoun
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Song, Moohoun
name: Orazem, Peter F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Students in majors with higher average quantitative GRE scores are less likely to attend graduate school while students in majors with higher average verbal GRE scores are more likely to attend graduate school. This sorting effect means that students whose cognitive skills are associated with lower earnings at the bachelor's level are the most likely to attend graduate school. As a result, there is a substantial downward bias in estimated returns to graduate education. Correcting for the sorting effect raises estimated annualized returns to a Master's or doctoral degree from about 5% to 14.5% and 12.6% respectively. Estimated returns to professional degrees rise from 14% to 20%. These findings correspond to a large increase in relative earnings received by post graduate degree holders in the United States over the past 20 years.
BETTER DEAD THAN GM-FED? INFORMATION AND THE EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS' RESISTANCE TO GM-FOODS IN HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: This paper addressed the puzzling resistance of Presidents of southern African countries to food aid in 2002, given near certain starvation and long-term negative health effects of malnutrition of their constituents. First, I show that NGOs led by Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth are disseminating information claiming that GM foods are dangerous to human health and are "Frankenfoods." Second, people in European Union countries, who are not in any danger of starvation, have strong preferences for non-GM foods, which they can easily afford. Over the long term, however, the tastes of EU consumers matter to southern African countries because some of these countries hope to export agricultural products in the future. GM-food aid, which most likely would contain GM-maize, is seen as a potential contaminant to native African maize varieties, and over the long term to be a threat to south African exports to the EU. Hence, understanding resistance to GM-food in developed countries is crucial to formulation of better food policies in Africa and to sustainable development. New and important results are reported from a statistical analysis of the market characteristics that push consumers in a high-income country to resist GM foods, with an emphasis on negative information from environmental groups and third-party, verifiable information, which could neutralize misinformation. For this study, a unique sample of adult consumers participated in laboratory (random nth price) auctions of three food products where labeling and information treatments were randomly assigned to experimental units. A key finding is that negative GM-information supplied by environmental groups pushes some high income consumers out of the market for GM products and increases the probability that all consumers are out of the market. However, verifiable information dampens the effectiveness of negative GM-product information. Hence, a vocal interested source can stymie technology adoption in both rich and poor countries and increase the probability of general malnutrition and micro-nutrient deficiencies and starvation and unsustainable development in poor countries because of the failure to accept food aid and adopt new GM technology.
The non-linear dual gravity equation of motion in eleven dimensions
Creators: name: Glennon, Keith
name: West, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the non-linear dual graviton equation of motion in eleven dimensions in the context of E theory.
Identification and Estimation of Treatment and Interference Effects in Observational Studies on Networks
Creators: name: Forastiere, Laura
name: Airoldi, Edoardo M.
name: Mealli, Fabrizia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Abstract–Causal inference on a population of units connected through a network often presents technical challenges, including how to account for interference. In the presence of interference, for instance, potential outcomes of a unit depend on their treatment as well as on the treatments of other units, such as their neighbors in the network. In observational studies, a further complication is that the typical unconfoundedness assumption must be extended—say, to include the treatment of neighbors, and individual and neighborhood covariates—to guarantee identification and valid inference. Here, we propose new estimands that define treatment and interference effects. We then derive analytical expressions for the bias of a naive estimator that wrongly assumes away interference. The bias depends on the level of interference but also on the degree of association between individual and neighborhood treatments. We propose an extended unconfoundedness assumption that accounts for interference, and we develop new covariate-adjustment methods that lead to valid estimates of treatment and interference effects in observational studies on networks. Estimation is based on a generalized propensity score that balances individual and neighborhood covariates across units under different levels of individual treatment and of exposure to neighbors’ treatment. We carry out simulations, calibrated using friendship networks and covariates in a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents in grades 7–12 in the United States, to explore finite-sample performance in different realistic settings. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Enhanced Lorentz Factor Formulation: Incorporating Schrödinger Wave Function for Energy Cycles and Time Dilation
Creators: name: Yıldırım, Begüm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 510899
subject: Quantum physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 490299
subject: Mathematical physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510106
subject: High energy astrophysics and galactic cosmic rays

description: In this paper, we present an enhanced formulation of the Lorentz factor (γ) that incorporates the effects of the Schrödinger wave function (ψ). This new formulation aims to provide deeper insights into energy cycles, time dilation, and momentum-energy relationships, taking into account quantum mechanical and relativistic effects. The proposed model is experimentally validated through theoretical analyses and supported by experimental data from advanced optical lattice atomic clocks and LIGO gravitational wave observations.The author acknowledges the use of OpenAI’s language model for assistance in drafting certain sections of this workl
Growth of Large-Scale Credit Unions in Iowa: Implications for Public Policy
Creators: name: Jolly, Robert W.
name: Koppenhaver, Gary D.
name: Roe, Joshua D.
name: Jolly, Robert W.
name: Koppenhaver, Gary D.
name: Roe, Joshua D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Financial Economics
Public Economics

description: Over the past two decades, the financial services industry has experienced a significant increase in competition and internal rivalry. Driven by deregulation and advances in information technologies, many historical institutional distinctions among financial intermediaries have disappeared or blurred considerably. The fundamental assumption that has guided many of the policy changes is that consumers are best served when businesses offering the same services are allowed to compete within a similar regulatory or institutional environment. Despite this general leveling of the playing field, credit unions continue to operate under tax and regulatory rules that differ, in important ways, from most of the firms in the financial services industry. Many of the tax and regulatory distinctions arose in the early 20th century during a time when credit unions were being established to meet the needs of individuals or communities that could not or were not being adequately served by commercial banks. However, as the financial services industry has evolved, the justification for continuing or maintaining credit unions' tax and regulatory status has been questioned and disputed by bankers and staunchly defended by credit union officials. This report examines recent changes occurring in the structure and performance of credit unions and banks in Iowa. Public policy issues are also addressed.
Identification and estimation of treatment and interference effects in observational studies on networks
Creators: name: Forastiere, Laura
name: Airoldi, Edoardo M.
name: Mealli, Fabrizia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Causal inference on a population of units connected through a network often presents technical challenges, including how to account for interference. In the presence of interference, for instance, potential outcomes of a unit depend on its treatment as well as on the treatments of other units, such as its neighbors in the network. In observational studies, a further complication is that the typical unconfoundedness assumption must be extended—say, to include the treatment of neighbors, and individual and neighborhood covariates—to guarantee identification and valid inference. Here, we propose new estimands that define treatment and interference effects. We then derive analytical expressions for the bias of a naive estimator that wrongly assumes away interference. The bias depends on the level of interference but also on the degree of association between individual and neighborhood treatments. We propose an extended unconfoundedness assumption that accounts for interference, and we develop new covariate-adjustment methods that lead to valid estimates of treatment and interference effects in observational studies on networks. Estimation is based on a generalized propensity score that balances individual and neighborhood covariates across units under different levels of individual treatment and of exposure to neighbors’ treatment. We carry out simulations, calibrated using friendship networks and covariates in a nationally representative longitudinal study of adolescents in grades 7-12, in the United States, to explore finite-sample performance in different realistic settings.
Farm Technology and Technical Efficiency: Evidence from Four Regions in China
Creators: name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Rozelle, Scott
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Chen, Zhuo
name: Rozelle, Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Productivity Analysis
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In this paper we fit stochastic frontier production functions to data for Chinese farms grouped into each of four regions-North, Northeast, East, and Southwest-over 1995-1999. These frontier production functions are shown to have statistically different structures, and the marginal product information shows overuse of chemical inputs in the East and capital services in the North. Labor also has a low marginal product. Next, we use the data and the production parameters to create technical efficiency scores for each of the farms and then standardize them. Standardized technical efficiency is shown to have the same structure across regions and to be related to the age of the farmer, land fragmentation, and the village migration rate, controlling for year dummies and village or regional fixed effects.
The First Light Curve Solutions and Period Changes of EW Psc and HN Psc
Creators: name: Davoudi, F.
name: Poro, A.
name: Alicavus, F.
name: Rahimi, J.
name: Lashgari, E.
name: Ghanbarzadehchaleshtori, M.
name: Boudesh, A.
name: Hoshyar, S.
name: Asgarian, D.
name: Pilghush, N.
name: Modarres, S.
name: Ebadi, S.
name: Sojoudizadeh, A.
name: Azarniur, S. Z.
name: Karami, H.
name: Ghanatghestani, A. Dehghani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first light curve solutions of the stars EW and HN in Pisces constellation are presented. Photometry, and its' periodic changes are calculated and discussed. The analysis of O-C diagram done by MCMC approach in OCFit code and the new ephemeris provided for two binary systems. The light curve solutions obtained. The results show that EW Psc is a near contact eclipsing binary system with a photometric mass ratio q = 0.587, and the fillout factor -0.034 and -0.018 for primary and secondary components, respectively. The solution results also show that the system HN Psc is a weak-contact W UMa eclipsing binary with a photometric mass ratio q = 0.853, and with fillout factor 5.6%. The light curves solutions required the cold spot accounting for the O'Connell effect.
description: Submitted to: New Astronomy
Graphene Nanoribbons Under Axial Compressive and Point Tensile Stresses
Creators: name: Kaur, Sandeep
name: Sharma, Hitesh
name: Jindal, V. K.
name: Bubanja, Vladimir
name: Mudahar, Isha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometric, electronic and magnetic properties of strained graphene nanoribbons were investigated using spin polarized calculations within the framework of density functional theory. Cases of compressive stress along the longer axis of a nanoribbon and tensile stress at the midpoint and perpendicular to the plane of the nanoribbon were considered. Significant structural changes were observed including the formation of nanoripples. The calculated electronic and magnetic properties strongly depend on the size and shape of nanoribbons. The tunable magnetic properties of strained nanoribbons can be employed for designing magnetic nano-switches.
The Economics of Obesity-Related Mortality Among High Income Countries
Creators: name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
name: Huffman, Sonya Kostova
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: This paper establishes the econometric underpinning of an aggregate household health production function and an aggregate household health supply function for developed countries. The conceptual model builds on productive household models for health. A pooled time series cross sectional model of obesity-related mortality is fitted to annual data for 18 high income countries over 1971-2001. In the health production function, we show that obesity-related mortality is related to diet, socialized medicine, and trend dominated factors such as medical knowledge and technology. In the health supply function, we show that cheap food increases obesity-related mortality and a modest level of socialized medicine reduces it. The results for labor market variables imply that individuals who are in the labor force burn more calories in their daily activities than do those who do not work in the market and have lower obesity-related mortality.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 11/29/06.
Jaeger, Lorenz Kardinal, Das Konzilsdekret "Über den Ökumenismus"
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 14 Nr. 4 (1965): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 14, Heft 4
Nonequilibrium Kondo Effect in a Quantum Dot Coupled to Ferromagnetic Leads
Creators: name: Utsumi, Yasuhiro
name: Martinek, Jan
name: Schön, Gerd
name: Imamura, Hiroshi
name: Maekawa, Sadamichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Kondo effect in the electron transport through a quantum dot coupled to ferromagnetic leads, using a real-time diagrammatic technique which provides a systematic description of the nonequilibrium dynamics of a system with strong local electron correlations. We evaluate the theory in an extension of the `resonant tunneling approximation', introduced earlier, by introducing the self-energy of the off-diagonal component of the reduced propagator in spin space. In this way we develop a charge and spin conserving approximation that accounts not only for Kondo correlations but also for the spin splitting and spin accumulation out of equilibrium. We show that the Kondo resonances, split by the applied bias voltage, may be spin polarized. A left-right asymmetry in the coupling strength and/or spin polarization of the electrodes significantly affects both the spin accumulation and the weight of the split Kondo resonances out of equilibrium. The effects are observable in the nonlinear differential conductance. We also discuss the influence of decoherence on the Kondo resonance in the frame of the real-time formulation.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
Child care, who cares? : a critique of child care in Canada
Creators: name: Dwyer, Michelle Margaret
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Today in Canada, child care is not perceived by the government, nor its citizenry, as a public good. Despite numerous reports from economic, health, social and psychological experts, Canadians remain complacent about the inadequate child care provisions in our country. As a society, we do not demand, or even anticipate, the public provision of universal, affordable, accessible child care. Instead, Canadians consider the care of children to be a predominantly private issue; unworthy of significant government intervention or assistance. Consequently, parents and children must improvise within a privatized, ad hoc, market-oriented patchwork of individualized child care arrangements. While it is true that certain "special" cases are acknowledged to deserve the government's support, - for example Aboriginal children and children with special needs, as well as the children of "welfare moms" - their exceptional status serves to reinforce the notion that the care of children is primarily a private parental responsibility. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and critique the current child care system (or lack thereof) in Canada. In addition, I intend to show that existing child care arrangements are unsatisfactory not only because of the immediate consequences for parents, children, and child care workers, but because of the way in which the privatized purchasing of child care reinforces other systemic shortcomings in our patriarchal, racialized, capitalist society. I will argue that current attitudes toward child care in Canada, as part of a patriarchal capitalist and racialized paradigm, rely on and perpetuate detrimental notions of class, gender and race, to the disadvantage of all citizens. Finally, I will discuss the possibilities for meaningful reform of the Canadian approach to child care.
Trojan Horse attacks on Quantum Key Distribution systems
Creators: name: Gisin, N.
name: Fasel, S.
name: Kraus, B.
name: Zbinden, H.
name: Ribordy, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General Trojan horse attacks on quantum key distribution systems are analyzed. We illustrate the power of such attacks with today's technology and conclude that all system must implement active counter-measures. In particular all systems must include an auxiliary detector that monitors any incoming light. We show that such counter-measures can be efficient, provided enough additional privacy amplification is applied to the data. We present a practical way to reduce the maximal information gain that an adversary can gain using Trojan horse attacks. This does reduce the security analysis of the 2-way {\it Plug-&-Play} system to those of the standard 1-way systems.
description: 7 pages; refs added and a new paragraph on the reduction of the security analysis of 2-way quantum cryptography systems to the security of 1-way systems
Universal scaling and phase transitions of coupled phase oscillator populations
Creators: name: Xu, Can
name: Wang, Xuebin
name: Skardal, Per Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kuramoto model, which serves as a paradigm for investigating synchronization phenomenon of oscillatory system, is known to exhibit second-order, i.e., continuous, phase transitions in the macroscopic order parameter. Here, we generalize a number of classical results by presenting a general framework for capturing, analytically, the critical scaling of the order parameter at the onset of synchronization. Using a self-consistent approach and constructing a characteristic function, we identify various phase transitions toward synchrony and establish scaling relations describing the asymptotic dependence of the order parameter on coupling strength near the critical point. We find that the geometric properties of the characteristic function, which depends on the natural frequency distribution, determines the scaling properties of order parameter above the criticality.
How is the Diamagnetic Effect (DME) Relevant to Stellar Surface Phenomena?
Creators: name: Farbiash, Netzach
name: Steinitz, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structure of stellar atmospheres can be modified if they include embedded diverging magnetic fields. This is due to the presence of speed filters. Here we examine some of the relevant effects through the numerical simulation of the motion of charged particles. We introduce the concept of "floating" particles and point out the relevance of the diamagnetic effet (DME) to the evolution of Maxwellian velocity distributions into Non-Maxwellian.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, to be published in the proceedings of "Magnetic Fields in the Universe: from Laboratory and Stars to Primordial Structures"
THE VALUE OF VERIFICABLE INFORMATION IN A CONTROVERSIAL MARKET: EVIDENCE FROM LAB AUCTIONS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD
Creators: name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Huffman, Wallace E.
name: Shogren, Jason F.
name: Tegene, Abebayehu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Two interested parties dominate the current debate on genetically modified (GM) foods: environmental groups and agribusiness companies. For the average consumer to arrive at an informed decision on these new foods, they must rely on information from interested parties. Unfortunately, information from interested parties does not provide an accurate picture of the benefits and risks of new products. This paper examines the effects of information on consumers' demand for new food products, GM-foods, in an environment where information from one or more interested parties is provided. We design and conduct laboratory auction experiments using randomly chosen adult consumers from two large metropolitan areas who are grouped into twelve experimental units and subjected to six randomly assigned information treatments. We find that in this environment, verifiable information has a small but positive value to sample consumers, and the projected annual social value to all processed foods consumed is relatively large for this public good. Such a large potential value may make it worthwhile for the United States to establish a new third party institution that would produce and distribute verifiable information on GM food.
Exchange splitting and exchange-induced non-reciprocal photonic behavior of graphene in CrI3-graphene vdW heterostructures
Creators: name: Holmes, Alexander M.
name: Pakniyat, Samaneh
name: Gangaraj, S. Ali Hassani
name: Monticone, Francesco
name: Weinert, Michael
name: Hanson, George W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exchange splitting and resulting electromagnetic response of graphene in a monolayer chromium triiodide(CrI3) graphene van der Waals(vdW) heterostructure are considered using a combination of density functional theory and electromagnetic calculations. Although the effective exchange fields are in the hundreds of Tesla, for the equilibrium separation non reciprocal effects are found to be weak compared to those for a comparable external magnetic bias. For non equilibrium separations, nonreciprocal effects can be substantial.
description: 19 pages included Supplement Information, 11 main-text figures and 9 SI figures
Regulation of the p53 expression profile by hnRNP K under stress conditions
Creators: name: Swiatkowska, Agata
name: Dutkiewicz, Mariola
name: Machtel, Piotr
name: DamianM. Janecki
name: Kabacinska, Martyna
name: Żydowicz-Machtel, Paulina
name: Ciesiołka, Jerzy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The p53 protein is one of the transcription factors responsible for cell cycle regulation and prevention of cancer development. Its expression is regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Recent years of research have shown that the 5ʹ terminus of p53 mRNA plays an important role in this regulation. This region seems to be a docking platform for proteins involved in p53 expression, particularly under stress conditions. Here, we applied RNA-centric affinity chromatography to search for proteins that bind to the 5ʹ terminus of p53 mRNA and thus may be able to regulate the p53 expression profile. We found heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, hnRNP K, to be one of the top candidates. Binding of hnRNP K to the 5ʹ-terminal region of p53 mRNA was confirmed in vitro. We demonstrated that changes in the hnRNP K level in the cell strongly affected the p53 expression profile under various stress conditions. Downregulation or overexpression of hnRNP K caused a decrease or an increase in the p53 mRNA amount, respectively, pointing to the transcriptional mode of expression regulation. However, when hnRNP K was overexpressed under endoplasmic reticulum stress and the p53 amount has elevated no changes in the p53 mRNA level were detected suggesting translational regulation of p53 expression. Our findings have shown that hnRNP K is not only a mutual partner of p53 in the transcriptional activation of target genes under stress conditions but it also acts as a regulator of p53 expression at the transcriptional and potentially translational levels.
Supplementary Information from Stability analysis of evolutionary dynamics of 2 × 2 × 2 asymmetric games
Creators: name: Song, Sha
name: Pan, Qiuhui
name: Gao, Xubin
name: He, Mingfeng
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490199
subject: Applied mathematics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 490303
subject: Numerical solution of differential and integral equations
classificationCode: 490409
subject: Ordinary differential equations, difference equations and dynamical systems
classificationCode: 490410
subject: Partial differential equations

description: The ESM file provides proofs supporting the conclusions in the main text, examples, and code.