cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary relationships within the "Bathymodiolus" childressi group
Creators: name: JONES, W. Jo
name: VRIJENHOEK, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2006

description: Recent discoveries of deep-sea mussel species from reducing environments have revealed a much broader
 phylogenetic diversity than previously imagined. In this study, we utilize a commercially available DNA extraction kit to
 obtain high-quality DNA from two mussel shells collected eight years ago at the Edison Seamount near Papua New Guinea.
 We include these two species into a comprehensive phylogeny of all available deep-sea mussels. Our analysis of nuclear
 and mitochondrial DNA sequences supports previous conclusions that deep-sea mussels presently subsumed within the
 genus Bathymodiolus comprise a paraphyletic assemblage. This assemblage is composed of a monophyletic group that
 might properly be called Bathymodiolus and a distinctly parallel grouping that we refer to as the "Bathymodiolus"
 childressi clade. The "childressi" clade itself is diverse containing species from the western Pacific and Atlantic basins.
Thioautotrophic symbiosis: towards a new stepin eukaryote evolution?
Creators: name: LALLIER, François H.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2006

description: Endosymbiosis is a key feature of the origin and history of eukaryotes which possibly involved a trophic
 symbiosis between bacteria and archaea at the very beginning, and whose mitochondria and plasts certainly stemmed out
 of endosymbiosis events. However the detailed history of these pioneers may well be buried too deep in the past to be ever
 completely elucidated. Endosymbiosis examples abound in the contemporary marine environment either between bacteria
 and eukarya or even between several eukarya. Some of the most prominent examples of such trophic symbiosis are the
 chemoautotrophic symbiosis between bivalves or tubeworms and sulfo-oxydant bacteria which dominate deep-sea
 hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. These different endosymbiosis experiences may provide biological models for the
 various steps these associations must go through to evolve from a simple trophic assemblage between two or more
 organisms into a true organelle status resulting in a single organism. In the case of sulfo-oxidant symbionts one of these
 examples could be the stem for a new eukaryotic lineage, the thiotrophic eukaryotes. In this short review, some thiotrophic
 assemblages from chemosynthetic ecosystems serve as examples to highlight the major features exhibited by these
 endosymbiosis and illustrate how genomic approaches provide us with tools that can help resolve the intricate relationships
 between host and symbionts.
Microwave band gap and cavity mode in spoof-insulator-spoof waveguide with multiscale structured surface
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Xiao, Jun Jun
name: Han, Dezhuan
name: Qin, Fei Fei
name: Zhang, Xiao Ming
name: Yao, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a multiscale spoof-insulator-spoof (SIS) waveguide by introducing periodic geometry modulation in the wavelength scale to a SIS waveguide made of perfect electric conductor. The MSIS consists of multiple SIS subcells. The dispersion relationship of the fundamental guided mode of the spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) is studied analytically within the small gap approximation. It is shown that the multiscale SIS possesses microwave band gap (MBG) due to the Bragg scattering. The "gap maps" in the design parameter space are provided. We demonstrate that the geometry of the subcells can efficiently adjust the effective refraction index of the elementary SIS and therefore further control the width and the position of the MBG. The results are in good agreement with numerical calculations by the finite element method (FEM). For finite-sized MSIS of given geometry in the millimeter scale, FEM calculations show that the first-order symmetric SSPP mode has zero transmission in the MBG within frequency range from 4.29 GHz to 5.1 GHz. A cavity mode is observed inside the gap at 4.58 GHz, which comes from a designer "point defect" in the multiscale SIS waveguide. Furthermore, ultrathin MSIS waveguides are shown to have both symmetric and antisymmetric modes with their own MBGs, respectively. The deep-subwavelength confinement and the great degree to control the propagation of SSPPs in such structures promise potential applications in miniaturized microwave device.
Derivation of the governing equations for the masses;Discrete approximation of the Rayleigh beam on an elastic foundation;Eigenmode polarization from Dynamic characterization of a periodic microstructured flexural systems with rotational inertia
Creators: name: M. J. Nieves
name: M. Brun
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mechanics
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 20301 Acoustics and Acoustical Devices; Waves
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the propagation of waves in a flexural medium composed of massless beams joining a periodic array of elements, elastically supported and possessing mass and rotational inertia. The dispersion properties of the system are determined and the influence and interplay between the dynamic parameters on the structure of the pass and stop bands are analysed in detail. We highlight the existence of three special dynamic regimes corresponding to a low stiffness in the supports and/or low rotational inertia of the masses; to a high stiffness and/or high rotational inertia regime and to a transition one where dispersion degeneracies are encountered. In the low-frequency regime, a rigorous asymptotic analysis shows that the structure approximates a continuous Rayleigh beam on an elastic foundation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 1)’.
A novel lung disease phenotype adjusted for mortality attrition for cystic fibrosis Genetic modifier studies
Creators: name: Zielenski, Julian
name: Commander, Clayton W.
name: Sandford, Andrew
name: Cutting, Garry R.
name: Durie, Peter
name: Pace, Rhonda G.
name: Blackman, Scott M.
name: Strug, Lisa J.
name: Taylor, Chelsea
name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Dorfman, Ruslan
name: Webel, Aaron D.
name: Naughton, Kathleen
name: Corey, Mary
name: Paré, Peter
name: Drumm, Mitchell L.
name: Li, Weili
name: Wright, Fred A.
name: Collaco, Joseph M.
name: Berthiaume, Yves
name: Stonebraker, Jaclyn R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Genetic studies of lung disease in Cystic Fibrosis are hampered by the lack of a severity measure that accounts for chronic disease progression and mortality attrition. Further, combining analyses across studies requires common phenotypes that are robust to study design and patient ascertainment.
Diagnostic yield of nasal scrape biopsies in primary ciliary dyskinesia: A multicenter experience
Creators: name: Milla, Carlos E.
name: Rosenfeld, Margaret
name: Baker, Brock
name: Leigh, Margaret W.
name: Davis, Stephanie D.
name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Olin, J. Tod
name: Ferkol, Thomas W.
name: Sagel, Scott D.
name: Burns, Kim
name: Dell, Sharon D.
name: Metjian, Hilda
name: Carson, Johnny L.
name: Atkinson, Jeffrey J.
name: Olivier, Kenneth N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Examination of ciliary ultrastructure remains the cornerstone diagnostic test for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a disease of abnormal ciliary structure and/or function. Obtaining a biopsy with sufficient interpretable cilia and producing quality transmission electron micrographs (TEM) is challenging. Methods for processing tissues for optimal preservation of axonemal structures are not standardized. This study describes our experience using a standard operating procedure (SOP) for collecting nasal scrape biopsies and processing TEMs in a centralized laboratory. We enrolled patients with suspected PCD at research sites of the Genetic Disorders of Mucociliary Clearance Consortium. Biopsies were performed according to a SOP whereby curettes were used to scrape the inferior surface of the inferior turbinate, with samples placed in fixative. Specimens were shipped to a central laboratory where TEMs were prepared and blindly reviewed. 448 specimens were obtained from 107 young children (0–5 years), 189 older children (5–18 years), and 152 adults (> 18 years), and 88% were adequate for formal interpretation. The proportion of adequate specimens was higher in adults than in children. 50% of the adequate TEMs showed normal ciliary ultrastructure, 39% showed hallmark ultrastructural changes of PCD, and 11% had indeterminate findings. Among specimens without clearly normal ultrastructure, 72% had defects of the outer and/or inner dynein arms, while 7% had central apparatus defects with or without inner dynein arm defects. In summary, nasal scrape biopsies can be performed in the outpatient setting and yield interpretable samples, when performed by individuals with adequate training and experience according to an SOP.
Heterotic Risk Models
Creators: name: Kakushadze, Zura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We give a complete algorithm and source code for constructing what we refer to as heterotic risk models (for equities), which combine: i) granularity of an industry classification; ii) diagonality of the principal component factor covariance matrix for any sub-cluster of stocks; and iii) dramatic reduction of the factor covariance matrix size in the Russian-doll risk model construction. This appears to prove a powerful approach for constructing out-of-sample stable short-lookback risk models. Thus, for intraday mean-reversion alphas based on overnight returns, Sharpe ratio optimization using our heterotic risk models sizably improves the performance characteristics compared to weighted regressions based on principal components or industry classification. We also give source code for: a) building statistical risk models; and ii) Sharpe ratio optimization with homogeneous linear constraints and position bounds.
description: 41 pages; a trivial typo corrected
Supplementary Information from Biochemical analysis of nucleosome targeting by Tn5 transposase.
Creators: name: Sato, Shoko
name: Arimura, Yasuhiro
name: Kujirai, Tomoya
name: Harada, Akihito
name: Maehara, Kazumitsu
name: Nogami, Jumpei
name: Ohkawa, Yasuyuki
name: Kurumizaka, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: Tn5 transposase is a bacterial enzyme that integrates a DNA fragment into genomic DNA, and is used as a tool for detecting nucleosome-free regions of genomic DNA in eukaryotes. However, in chromatin, the DNA targeting by Tn5 transposase has remained unclear. In the present study, we reconstituted well-positioned 601 dinucleosomes, in which two nucleosomes are connected with a linker DNA, and studied the DNA integration sites in the dinucleosomes by Tn5 transposase in vitro. We found that Tn5 transposase preferentially targets near the entry–exit DNA regions within the nucleosome. Tn5 transposase minimally cleaved the dinucleosome without a linker DNA, indicating that the linker DNA between two nucleosomes is important for the Tn5 transposase activity. In the presence of a 30 base-pair linker DNA, Tn5 transposase targets the middle of the linker DNA, in addition to the entry–exit sites of the nucleosome. Intriguingly, this Tn5-targeting characteristic is conserved in a dinucleosome substrate with a different DNA sequence from the 601 sequence. Therefore, the Tn5-targeting preference in the nucleosomal templates reported here provides important information for the interpretation of Tn5 transposase-based genomics methods, such as ATAC-seq.
A Dramaturgical Perspective on North American and Chinese Students’ Social Integration in Israel
Creators: name: Wu, Jiabin
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2022
Subjects: Chinese international students
North American international students
Israel
social integration
dramaturgy theory

description: Through the lens of dramaturgy theory, this study conceptualizes Israel as the stage, North American and Chinese students as two groups of actors, and social integration as their play, seeking to answer this question: how do the different roles North American students and Chinese students play in Israel lead them to different experiences of social integration? This study attempts to understand what roles American and Chinese students initially wanted to play and what shaped them, where, how and with whom they conducted their performances, and if the roles they played were adjusted during the process. Eight sets of semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with four American students and four Chinese students. The research findings and analysis reveal that although American and Chinese students do have different experiences of integration, they nonetheless share similar strategies that a dramaturgical framework can successfully elicit. Moreover, the analysis presented in this thesis, also, suggests that the experience of international students is likely much more layered than what is reflected in much of the literature that addresses the integration of international students.
Gradual localization of 5f states in orthorhombic UTX ferromagnets - polarized neutron diffraction study of Ru substituted UCoGe
Creators: name: Valiska, Michal
name: Pospisil, Jiri
name: Stunault, Anne
name: Takeda, Yukiharu
name: Gillon, Beatrice
name: Haga, Yoshinori
name: Prokes, Karel
name: Abd-Elmeguid, Mohsen M.
name: Nenert, Gwilherm
name: Okane, Tetsuo
name: Yamagami, Hiroshi
name: Chapon, Laurent
name: Gukasov, Arsene
name: Cousson, Alain
name: Yamamoto, Etsuji
name: Sechovsky, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a microscopic study of the evolution of ferromagnetism in the Ru substituted ferromagnetic superconductor (FM SC) UCoGe crystallizing in the orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure. For that purpose, two single crystals with composition UCo0.97Ru0.03Ge and UCo0.88Ru0.12Ge have been prepared and characterized by magnetization, AC susceptibility, specific heat and electrical resistivity measurements. Both compounds have been found to order ferromagnetically below TC = 6.5 K and 7.5 K, respectively, which is considerably higher than the TC = 3 K of the parent compound UCoGe. The higher values of TC are accompanied by enhanced values of the spontaneous moment mspont. = 0.11 mB/f.u. and mspont. = 0.21 mB/f.u., respectively in comparison to the tiny spontaneous moment of UCoGe (about 0.07mB/f.u.). No sign of superconductivity was detected in either compound. The magnetic moments of the samples were investigated on the microscopic scale using polarized neutron diffraction (PND) and for UCo0.88Ru0.12Ge also by soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The analysis of the PND results indicates that the observed enhancement of ferromagnetism is mainly due to the growth of the orbital part of the uranium 5f moment mL(U), reflecting a gradual localization of the 5f electrons with Ru substitution. In addition, the parallel orientation of the U and Co moments has been established in both substituted compounds. The results are discussed and compared with related isostructural ferromagnetic UTX compounds (T - transition metals, X - Si, Ge) in the context of a varying degree of the 5f-ligand hybridization.
Supplementary Information from Biochemical analysis of nucleosome targeting by Tn5 transposase
Creators: name: Sato, Shoko
name: Arimura, Yasuhiro
name: Kujirai, Tomoya
name: Harada, Akihito
name: Maehara, Kazumitsu
name: Nogami, Jumpei
name: Ohkawa, Yasuyuki
name: Kurumizaka, Hitoshi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: Tn5 transposase is a bacterial enzyme that integrates a DNA fragment into genomic DNA, and is used as a tool for detecting nucleosome-free regions of genomic DNA in eukaryotes. However, in chromatin, the DNA targeting by Tn5 transposase has remained unclear. In the present study, we reconstituted well-positioned 601 dinucleosomes, in which two nucleosomes are connected with a linker DNA, and studied the DNA integration sites in the dinucleosomes by Tn5 transposase in vitro. We found that Tn5 transposase preferentially targets near the entry–exit DNA regions within the nucleosome. Tn5 transposase minimally cleaved the dinucleosome without a linker DNA, indicating that the linker DNA between two nucleosomes is important for the Tn5 transposase activity. In the presence of a 30 base-pair linker DNA, Tn5 transposase targets the middle of the linker DNA, in addition to the entry–exit sites of the nucleosome. Intriguingly, this Tn5-targeting characteristic is conserved in a dinucleosome substrate with a different DNA sequence from the 601 sequence. Therefore, the Tn5-targeting preference in the nucleosomal templates reported here provides important information for the interpretation of Tn5 transposase-based genomics methods, such as ATAC-seq.
Analysis of the ${\frac{1}{2}}^{\pm}$ pentaquark states in the diquark model with QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
name: Huang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we present the scalar-diquark-scalar-diquark-antiquark type and scalar-diquark-axialvector-diquark-antiquark type pentaquark configurations in the diquark model, and study the masses and pole residues of the $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^\pm$ hidden-charmed pentaquark states in details with the QCD sum rules by extending our previous work on the $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^-$ and ${\frac{5}{2}}^{+}$ hidden-charmed pentaquark states. We calculate the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in the operator product expansion by constructing both the scalar-diquark-scalar-diquark-antiquark type and scalar-diquark-axialvector-diquark-antiquark type interpolating currents. The present predictions of the masses can be confronted to the LHCb experimental data in the future.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1508.01468
Inhaled hypertonic saline in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis: short-term tolerability, adherence, and safety
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, Margaret
name: Ratjen, Felix
name: Davis, Stephanie
name: Barlow, Carol
name: Daniel, Stephen
name: Johnson, Robin
name: McNamara, Sharon
name: Jensen, Renee
name: Brumback, Lyndia
name: Rowbotham, Ron
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) is an attractive agent for chronic maintenance therapy in infants and toddlers with cystic fibrosis (CF) because it improves defective mucociliary clearance. Prior to undertaking a clinical trial of HS efficacy in young children with CF, tolerability, adherence and safety must be established.
Scheme dependence and Transverse Momentum Distribution interpretation of Collins-Soper-Sterman resummation
Creators: name: Prokudin, Alexei
name: Sun, Peng
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following an earlier derivation by Catani-de Florian-Grazzini (2000) on the scheme dependence in the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) resummation formalism in hard scattering processes, we investigate the scheme dependence of the Transverse Momentum Distributions (TMDs) and their applications. By adopting a universal $C$-coefficient function associated with the integrated parton distributions, the difference between various TMD schemes can be attributed to a perturbative calculable function depending on the hard momentum scale. We further apply several TMD schemes to the Drell-Yan process of lepton pair production in hadronic collisions, and find that the constrained non-perturbative form factors in different schemes are remarkably consistent with each other and with that of the standard CSS formalism.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Supplementary Tables associated with "Silicon Isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic Glacial Meltwaters: The Role of Subglacial Weathering in the Silicon Cycle" from Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle.
Creators: name: Hatton, Jade E.
name: Hendry, Katharine R.
name: Hawkings, Jonathan R.
name: Wadham, Jemma L.
name: Opfergelt, Sophie
name: Kohler, Tyler J.
name: Yde, Jacob C.
name: Stibal, Marek
name: Žárský, Jakub D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40602 Glaciology

description: Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or as dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO2 removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (δ30Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial δ30Si data with new measurements from 20 sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared with non-glacial rivers (+0.16‰ versus +1.38‰). Glacial δ30SiASi composition ranges from −0.05‰ to −0.86‰ but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and δ30Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments.
乡村旅游特色村.xlsx
Creators: name: 赵, 贝贝
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 441003
subject: Rural sociology
classificationCode: 441008
subject: Sociology of culture
classificationCode: 440406
subject: Rural community development
classificationCode: 440608
subject: Recreation, leisure and tourism geography
classificationCode: 440609
subject: Rural and regional geography

description: 乡村旅游特色村数据
Morpho-chemical and aroma investigations on autochthonous and highly-prized sweet cherry varieties grown in Tuscany
Creators: name: Taiti, C.
name: Caparrotta, S.
name: Mancuso, S.
name: Masi, E.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2017

description: The morpho-chemical and aromatic characteristics of four sweet cherry cultivated varieties (Prunus avium L.) grown in the area of Lari (Pisa, Central Italy) were evaluated with the aim to investigate their properties, mainly concerning volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Of these, three cultivars (‘Di Giardino’, ‘Di Nello’, and ‘Marchiana’) represent ancient sweet cherries recovered through a private cultivation program (belonging to the group of the so-called ‘Ciliegia di Lari’); their evaluation was compared with the commercial cultivar Ferrovia, highly-prized variety marketed in Italy and abroad. Morpho-chemical analyses highlighted statistical differences among the cultivars under study, mainly on total soluble solids (TSS) and tritatable acidity (TA). Aroma investigation was performed with PTR-ToF-MS (proton transfer reaction - time of flight - mass spectrometer) approach, employed here for the first time in cherry fruits. About 50 VOCs were detected; among them, those belonging to the chemical classes of aldehydes and alcohols were the most represented although with different intensities between samples. Tentative identification of some key VOCs for cherry fruit was also performed and preliminary conclusions on the characterization of ancient and wide spread Italian cultivars were given.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 31 No 2 (2017): Special issue on Metabolomics
Ashallow-waterwhale-fall experiment in the north Atlantic
Creators: name: DAHLGREN, Thomas G.
name: WIKLUND, Helena
name: KÄLLSTRÖM, Björn
name: LUNDÄLV, Tomas
name: SMITH, Craig R.
name: GLOVER, Adrian G.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2006

description: The study of hydrothermal vent and seep fauna is associated with great costs due to the deep and distant
 locations. Whale-falls, which are thought to have habitat conditions which overlap seep ecosystems, may be used as a
 model system to explore questions such as the evolution of dispersal strategies and interactions between hosts and their
 symbiont microbes. Our discovery of whale-fall fauna at a whale carcass sunk at shelf depth in a Swedish fjord contrasts
 the apparent lack of specialized organisms from shallow water seep environments. Representatives of a whale-fall fauna
 found at the Swedish study site include bacterial mat feeding dorvilleid annelids and the whale-bone eating pogonophoran
 worm Osedax mucofloris Glover et al., 2005. We are maintaining whale-fall fauna alive in aquaria, and initial results from
 these studies suggest that O. mucofloris has a continuous reproduction life-history strategy.
Supplementary Tables associated with "Silicon Isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic Glacial Meltwaters: The Role of the Subglacial Weathering in the Silicon Cycle" from Silicon isotopes in Arctic and sub-Arctic glacial meltwaters: the role of the subglacial weathering in the silicon cycle
Creators: name: Hatton, Jade E.
name: Hendry, Katharine R.
name: Hawkings, Jonathan R.
name: Wadham, Jemma L.
name: Opfergelt, Sophie
name: Kohler, Tyler J.
name: Yde, Jacob C.
name: Stibal, Marek
name: Žárský, Jakub D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 40602 Glaciology

description: Glacial environments play an important role in high-latitude marine nutrient cycling, potentially contributing significant fluxes of silicon (Si) to the polar oceans, either as dissolved silicon (DSi) or dissolvable amorphous silica (ASi). Silicon is a key nutrient in promoting marine primary productivity, contributing to atmospheric CO2 removal. We present the current understanding of Si cycling in glacial systems, focusing on the Si isotope (δ30Si) composition of glacial meltwaters. We combine existing glacial δ30Si data with new measurements from twenty sub-Arctic glaciers, showing that glacial meltwaters consistently export isotopically light DSi compared to non-glacial rivers (+0.16‰ versus +1.38‰). Glacial δ30SiASi composition ranges from −0.05‰ to −0.86‰ but exhibits low seasonal variability. Silicon fluxes and δ30Si composition from glacial systems are not commonly included in global Si budgets and isotopic mass balance calculations at present. We discuss outstanding questions, including the formation mechanism of ASi and the export of glacial nutrients from fjords. Finally, we provide a contextual framework for the recent advances in our understanding of subglacial Si cycling and highlight critical research avenues for assessing potential future changes in these environments.
The Analog Front-end Prototype Electronics Designed for LHAASO WCDA
Creators: name: Ma, Cong
name: Zhao, Lei
name: Guo, Yu-Xiang
name: Liu, Jian-Feng
name: Liu, Shu-Bin
name: An, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the readout electronics of the Water Cerenkov Detector Array (WCDA) in the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) experiment, both high-resolution charge and time measurement are required over a dynamic range from 1 photoelectron (P.E.) to 4000 P.E. The Analog Front-end (AFE) circuit is one of the crucial parts in the whole readout electronics. We designed and optimized a prototype of the AFE through parameter calculation and circuit simulation, and conducted initial electronics tests on this prototype to evaluate its performance. Test results indicate that the charge resolution is better than 1% @ 4000 P.E. and remains better than 10% @ 1 P.E., and the time resolution is better than 0.5 ns RMS, which is better than application requirement.
description: 8 pages, 15 figures, 1 tables, submitted to Chinese physics C
Plasma TGF-β1 in pediatric cystic fibrosis: Potential biomarker of lung disease and response to therapy
Creators: name: Noah, Terry L.
name: Harris, William T.
name: Clancy, J. P.
name: Knowles, Michael R.
name: Muhlebach, Marianne S.
name: Oster, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) is an important genetic modifier of lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis (CF), yet the mechanism behind this disease association remains unknown. Initial steps in the investigation of the relationship between TGF-β1 and CF lung disease include determining the most appropriate available biospecimen for TGF-β1 protein measurement.
Continental shelf and littoral Nemerteans from the North and North-West Spanish Atlantic coasts
Creators: name: VERNET, Guy
name: ANADON, Nuria
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1991

description: Approximately 370 nemerteans specimens collected in recent years, including the second quarter of 1990, from 18 sites on the North and North-West Spanish Atlantic coasts are described and classified. They belong to 24 species, 13 of which have not been previously reported for the region. On the whole, the sample offers an interesting picture of the nemertean fauna of the N and NW Spanish Atlantic coasts, which appears to be strongly linked to that of Brittany and the British Isles.
Stauromedusan populations inhabiting deep-sea hydrothermalvents along the southern East Pacific Rise
Creators: name: LUTZ, Richard A.
name: COLLINS, Allen G.
name: ANNIS, Eric R.
name: REED, Andrew J.
name: BENNETT, Kyle F.
name: HALANYCH, Kenneth M.
name: VRIJENHOEK, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2006

description: Dense populations of "stalked jellyfish" (Stauromedusae) were encountered at two geographically-separated,
 deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields located at 7°26'S; and 20°02'S along the East Pacific Rise (EPR). DSV Alvin was utilized
 (on dives 3320 and 3334) at the sites to collect numerous stauromedusans, which were immediately frozen (at -70°C) or
 preserved in 70% ethanol upon arrival on board the research support vessel (R/V Atlantis). High resolution images were
 collected of the organisms in situ. A 530-560-bp region of mitochondrial 16S was amplified, and edited 16S sequences were
 aligned, along with sequences from 7 other stauromedusans. Results suggest that the Stauromedusae encountered at 7°26'S,
 and 20°02'S are very closely related, if not conspecific. It remains unclear whether or not these Stauromedusae are distinct
 from Lucernaria janetae (collected from 8°37'N along the EPR), which was recently described by Collins and Daly (2005).
 To date, dense populations of stauromedusans have been encountered at four separate deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields
 along the EPR located at the following latitudes: 20°50'N, 8°37'N, 7°26'S and 20°02'S. Many fascinating questions remain
 concerning the biogeography and mechanisms of dispersal of these cnidarians between discrete deep-sea hydrothermal
 systems.
Sound of Dark Matter: Searching for Light Scalars with Resonant-Mass Detectors
Creators: name: Arvanitaki, Asimina
name: Dimopoulos, Savas
name: Van Tilburg, Ken
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fine-structure constant and the electron mass in string theory are determined by the values of scalar fields called moduli. If the dark matter takes on the form of such a light modulus, it oscillates with a frequency equal to its mass and an amplitude determined by the local dark-matter density. This translates into an oscillation of the size of a solid that can be observed by resonant-mass antennas. Existing and planned experiments, combined with a dedicated resonant-mass detector proposed in this Letter, can probe dark-matter moduli with frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 GHz, with much better sensitivity than searches for fifth forces.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
title: Η επιρροή των χώρων στη διάθεση και τις επιλογές των ανθρώπων μέσα από ψηφιακό περιβάλλον βιντεοπαιχνιδιού
title: The influence of spaces on the users' choices through a digital video game environment
Creators: name: Νεαμονιτη Σοφια-Φωτεινη
name: Παυλοπουλου Μαργιαννα
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Στόχος της διπλωματικής αυτής είναι η συμπεριφορική/συναισθηματική μελέτη και η διερεύνηση της επιρροής που έχει ένας αρχιτεκτονικός τόπος στη διάθεση και τις επιλογές των ανθρώπων. Η μελέτη γίνεται με την απεικόνιση ενός φαντασιακού χώρου σε ψηφιακό περιβάλλον, όπου μέσα από ένα συνεργατικό βιντεοπαιχνίδι, δύο άτομα καλούνται να ακολουθήσουν μία ιστορία και να δράσουν με βάση αυτή, καθώς βρίσκονται στον ίδιο χώρο σε διαφορετικές εκδοχές του ο κάθε ένας. Κατά τη διάρκεια του παιχνιδιού, θα συναντήσουν καταστάσεις που απαιτούν να ληφθούν κάποιες αποφάσεις και από τους δύο τους, οι οποίες συνολικά επιρρεάζουν τόσο τη μεταξύ τους σχέση, όσο και αυτή με το χώρο γύρω τους.
Το κομμάτι παιχνιδιού που παρουσιάζεται είναι ένα εισαγωγικό μέρος, που πέραν της ιστορίας, επιτρέπει στους παίκτες να γνωριστούν μεταξύ τους, καθώς και με τη λογική του παιχνιδιού.
Mathematical Derivations from Spatial heterogeneity in subglacial drainage driven by till erosion.
Creators: name: I. Kasmalkar
name: E. Mantelli
name: J. Suckale
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40602 Glaciology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional details to support the main mathematical analysis.
Initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment failure is associated with exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Burns, Jane L.
name: Gibson, Ronald L.
name: Khan, Umer
name: Retsch-Bogart, George
name: Rosenfeld, Margaret
name: Ramsey, Bonnie W.
name: Mayer-Hamblett, Nicole
name: Kronmal, Richard A.
name: Treggiari, Miriam M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The risk of pulmonary exacerbation following Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) acquisition in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown.
Gap and channelled plasmons in tapered grooves: a review
Creators: name: Smith, Cameron L. C.
name: Stenger, Nicolas
name: Kristensen, Anders
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tapered metallic grooves have been shown to support plasmons -- electromagnetically coupled oscillations of free electrons at metal-dielectric interfaces -- across a variety of configurations and V-like profiles. Such plasmons may be divided into two categories: gap-surface plasmons (GSPs) that are confined laterally between the tapered groove sidewalls and propagate either along the groove axis or normal to the planar surface, and channelled plasmon polaritons (CPPs) that occupy the tapered groove profile and propagate exclusively along the groove axis. Both GSPs and CPPs exhibit an assortment of unique properties that are highly suited to a broad range of cutting-edge nanoplasmonic technologies, including ultracompact photonic circuits, quantum-optics components, enhanced lab-on-a-chip devices, efficient light-absorbing surfaces and advanced optical filters, while additionally affording a niche platform to explore the fundamental science of plasmon excitations and their interactions. In this Review, we provide a research status update of plasmons in tapered grooves, starting with a presentation of the theory and important features of GSPs and CPPs, and follow with an overview of the broad range of applications they enable or improve. We cover the techniques that can fabricate tapered groove structures, in particular highlighting wafer-scale production methods, and outline the various photon- and electron-based approaches that can be used to launch and study GSPs and CPPs. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges that remain for further developing plasmonic tapered-groove devices, and consider the future directions offered by this select yet potentially far-reaching topic area.
description: 32 pages, 34 figures
Regional differences in the evolution of lung disease in children with cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Farrell, Philip M.
name: Li, Zhanhai
name: Green, Christopher G.
name: Sanders, Don B.
name: Brody, Alan S.
name: Rock, Michael J.
name: Collins, Jannette
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Progression of lung disease is a major event in children with cystic fibrosis (CF), but regional differences in its evolution are unclear. We hypothesized that regional differences occur beginning in early childhood. We examined this issue by evaluating 132 patients followed in the Wisconsin Neonatal Screening Project between 1985 and 2010. We scored chest x-rays obtained every 1–2 years with the Wisconsin chest x-ray system, in which we divided the lungs into quadrants, and gave special attention to ratings for bronchiectasis (BX) and nodular/branching opacities. We compared the upper and lower quadrant scores, and upper right and left quadrant scores, as patients aged using a multivariable generalized estimation equation (GEE) model. We did a confirmatory analysis for a subset of 81 patients with chest computerized tomography (CT) images obtained in 2000 and scored using the Brody scoring system. The chest x-ray analysis shows that the upper quadrants have higher BX (p<0.001) and nodular/branching opacities (p<0.001) scores than the lower quadrants. CT analysis likewise reveals that the upper quadrants have more BX (p=0.02). Patients positive for mucoid PA showed significantly higher BX scores than patients with nonmucoid PA (p= 0.001). Chest x-ray scoring also revealed that the upper right quadrant has more BX (p< 0.001) than the upper left quadrant, and CT analysis was again confirmatory (p< 0.001). We conclude that pediatric patients with CF develop more severe lung disease in the upper lobes than the lower lobes in association with mucoid PA infections and also have more severe lung disease on the right side than on the left side in the upper quadrants. A variety of potential explanations such as aspiration episodes may be clinically relevant and provide insights regarding therapies.
Characterization of volatile compounds in Mentha spicata L. dried leaves
Creators: name: Masi, E.
name: Caparrotta, S.
name: Taiti, C.
name: Ieri, F.
name: Fiume, P.
name: Moselhy, N.
name: Mancuso, S.
name: Romani, A.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2017

description: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most common techniques used to measure and to characterize volatile organic compounds (VOCs). At the same time, the proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) represents a recent innovative tool that allows the on-line monitoring of VOCs providing the whole mass spectra with short response time, high mass resolution and without sample preparation. We reported as major constituents of headspace in spearmint dried leaves the monoterpenes carvone, followed by dihydrocarvone, limonene and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) although other monoterpenes such as a-pinene, 3-carene, terpineol and neodihydrocarveol, alcohols (3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-methyl-1-butanol), esters and ketones (3-octanone) were detected in low concentrations. In this study, the analytical GC-MS and PTR-ToF-MS techniques allowed to characterize the entire volatile profile of the sample bypassing the limitations of each tool.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 31 No 2 (2017): Special issue on Metabolomics
Mathematical Derivations from Spatial heterogeneity in subglacial drainage driven by till erosion
Creators: name: I. Kasmalkar
name: E. Mantelli
name: J. Suckale
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 40602 Glaciology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 91504 Fluidisation and Fluid Mechanics
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional details to support the main mathematical analysis.
At the Extremes: Assessing Readability, Grade Level, Sentiment, and Tone in US Media Outlets
Creators: name: Sparks, Jessica F.
name: Hmielowski, Jay D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study examines the question of asymmetry/symmetry regarding the use of language in partisan media outlets in the US. Some research has suggested that conservatives and conservative media are unique in how they present information to their audience, positing that conservatives use simpler, more uncivil language. Others have noted that some of these matters, such as use of uncivil language, applies to both conservative and liberal outlets. The current study adds to this literature by examining whether the ideological leanings of news sources correlate with reading ease, level of negativity (sentiment), and level of formality (tone). Specifically, we examine whether only conservative outlets use simpler, negative, and less formal language or if these trends appear for media outlets across the ideological spectrum. Our findings find support for the symmetry hypothesis. Indeed, our findings suggest that ideological extremity and partisanship strength correlate with use of easier-to-read language.
Extraction of Quark Transversity Distribution and Collins Fragmentation Functions with QCD Evolution
Creators: name: Kang, Zhong-Bo
name: Prokudin, Alexei
name: Sun, Peng
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transverse momentum dependent (TMD) evolution of the Collins azimuthal asymmetries in $e^+e^-$ annihilations and semi-inclusive hadron production in deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. All the relevant coefficients are calculated up to the next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) order accuracy. By applying the TMD evolution at the approximate NLL order in the Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism, we extract transversity distributions for $u$ and $d$ quarks and Collins fragmentation functions from current experimental data by a global analysis of the Collins asymmetries in back-to-back di-hadron productions in $e^+e^-$ annihilations measured by BELLE and BABAR Collaborations and SIDIS data from HERMES, COMPASS, and JLab HALL A experiments. The impact of the evolution effects and the relevant theoretical uncertainties are discussed. We further discuss the TMD interpretation for our results, and illustrate the unpolarized quark distribution, transversity distribution, unpolarized quark fragmentation and Collins fragmentation functions depending on the transverse momentum and the hard momentum scale. We make detailed predictions for future experiments and discuss their impact.
description: 45 pages, 31 figures
Chickens, Inc.: Was UK Newspapers’ Framing of the Chicken Meat Production Industry Compatible with Holding Corporate Power to Account?
Creators: name: Garnier, Marie
name: van Wessel, Margit
name: Tamás, Peter A.
name: van Bommel, Severine
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Journalism is presented as fundamental to democratic accountability in that news media are both able and expected to hold power to account. Such normative expectations, which justify the protections given journalists and news media, are most frequently studied with regards to state power as the natural object of press scrutiny. This article reports on a successful effort to conduct a replicable analysis of a paradigmatic case of corporate power, the UK chicken meat production industry, that asked whether and how newspapers hold corporate power to account. The analytic framework that we developed to support our two-stage framing analysis decomposed accountability into problematization, causal interpretation and attributions of responsibility, thus allowing us to systematically describe how newspapers shape the public debates in a large heterogeneous dataset. We examined a census of relevant articles from seven UK outlets published between 1985 and 2016 (N = 766). While we were pleased to find that our method, if labor intensive, was fully workable, we were concerned to find that media practice was not compatible with holding corporate power to account. These findings raise serious concerns at the levels of this case, for media practice and for media scholarship.
Chemical characterization and sensory analysis by blind and visually impaired people of local peach varieties
Creators: name: Bartolini, S.
name: Viti, R.
name: Ducci, E.
Publisher: name: Advances in Horticultural Science
Year: 2017

description: The interest in locally produced foods by the reintroduction of old varieties is due to their environmental hardiness and suitability for low-input agricultural systems. These managements can often produce fruits with imperfections, preventing the consumer acceptance. We have settled a new sensory evaluation going beyond the appearances, involving blind and visually impaired people to provide a quality evaluation of fruits linked to intrinsic rather than exterior characteristics. The research was conducted over two consecutive harvest seasons on three peach old local varieties (‘Alberta’, ‘Mora di Dolfo’ and ‘Regina di Weinberger’ called in loco ‘Regina di Bember’) grown in central Italy. On fruits, physicochemical traits (fruit weight, peel and flesh color, flesh firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity), antioxidant content (total antioxidant capacity and total phenols) and sensory analysis were assessed. The three local peach varieties showed interesting fruit attributes in both studied growth-ripening seasons. The white-fleshed ‘Mora di Dolfo’, characterized by the highest antioxidant contents, was particularly appreciated by panellists for its aroma. The new sensory analysis, providing an evaluation based on judgment of intrinsic characteristics of peaches, emerges as a valid tool to assess the interest and appreciation of fruits for a conscious consumer’s choice.
description: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 31 No 2 (2017): Special issue on Metabolomics