cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AI Algorithm for Mode Classification of PCF SPR Sensor Design
Creators: name: Khare, Prasunika
name: Goswami, Mayank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Photonic Crystal Fiber design based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon (PCF SPR) is optimized before it is fabricated for a particular application. An artificial intelligence algorithm is evaluated here to increase the ease of the simulation process for common users. COMSOL MultiPhysics is used. The algorithm suggests best among eight standard machine learning and one deep learning model to automatically select the desired mode, chosen visually by the experts otherwise. Total seven performance indices: namely Precision, Recall, Accuracy, F1-Score, Specificity, Matthew correlation coefficient, are utilized to make the optimal decision. Robustness towards variations in sensor geometry design is also considered as an optimal parameter. Several PCF-SPR based Photonic sensor designs are tested, and a large range optimal (based on phase matching) design is proposed. For this design algorithm has selected Support Vector Machine (SVM) as the best option with an accuracy of 96%, F1-Score is 95.83%, and MCC of 92.30%. The average sensitivity of the proposed sensor design with respect to change in refractive index (1.37-1.41) is 5500 nm/RIU. Resolution is 2.0498x10^(-5) RIU^(-1). The algorithm can be integrated into commercial software as an add-on or as a module in academic codes. The proposed novel step has saved approximately 75 minutes in the overall design process. The present work is equally applicable for mode selection of sensor other than PCF-SPR sensing geometries.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
title: Imaging findings of parathyroid lesions in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Creators: name: Novaria, Lisa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Endocrine disorders
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Thyroid / Parathyroids
subject: Head and neck

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: - To discuss the commonly used techniques for imaging of the parathyroid glands and their role in the preoperative evaluation of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism - Toexamine the variouspresentationsof parathyroid diseases that characterize...
Ennulat, A., Die »Minor Agreements«: Untersuchungen zu einer offenen Frage des synoptischen Problems, Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament 11/62
Creators: name: Riesner, Rainer
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1821137892
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 9 (1995): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 9
Non-essential arcs in phylogenetic networks
Creators: name: Linz, Simone
name: Semple, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In the study of rooted phylogenetic networks, analyzing the set of rooted phylogenetic trees that are embedded in such a network is a recurring task. From an algorithmic viewpoint, this analysis almost always requires an exhaustive search of a particular multiset $S$ of rooted phylogenetic trees that are embedded in a rooted phylogenetic network $\mathcal{N}$. Since the size of $S$ is exponential in the number of reticulations of $\mathcal{N}$, it is consequently of interest to keep this number as small as possible but without loosing any element of $S$. In this paper, we take a first step towards this goal by introducing the notion of a non-essential arc of $\mathcal{N}$, which is an arc whose deletion from $\mathcal{N}$ results in a rooted phylogenetic network $\mathcal{N}'$ such that the sets of rooted phylogenetic trees that are embedded in $\mathcal{N}$ and $\mathcal{N}'$ are the same. We investigate the popular class of tree-child networks and characterize which arcs are non-essential. This characterization is based on a family of directed graphs. Using this novel characterization, we show that identifying and deleting all non-essential arcs in a tree-child network takes time that is cubic in the number of leaves of the network. Moreover, we show that deciding if a given arc of an arbitrary phylogenetic network is non-essential is $Π_2^P$-complete.
title: An MRI pictorial review of HIV in the abdomen and pelvis
Creators: name: Shahabuddin, Khawaja
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pelvis
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Education
subject: AIDS

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: Our exhibit will aim to pictorially review some conditions related to HIV affecting some of the systems within the abdomen and pelvis. This will be done under two main headings: Infections: - CMV - Tuberculosis - Syphilis HIV associated neoplasms: -...
On constraining the speed of gravitational waves following GW150914
Creators: name: Blas, Diego
name: Ivanov, Mikhail M.
name: Sawicki, Ignacy
name: Sibiryakov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that the observed time delay between the detection of the signal at the Hanford and Livingston LIGO sites from the gravitational wave event GW150914 places an upper bound on the speed of propagation of gravitational waves, $c_{gw}\lesssim 1.7$ in the units of speed of light. Combined with the lower bound from the absence of gravitational Cherenkov losses by cosmic rays that rules out most of subluminal velocities, this gives a model-independent double-sided constraint $1\lesssim c_{gw}\lesssim 1.7$. We compare this result to model-specific constraints from pulsar timing and cosmology.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, references added
COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT STRATEGY IN AGROTOURISM VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN KUNINGAN REGENCY
Creators: name: ENTANG ADHY MUHTAR
name: RD. AHMAD BUCHARI
name: DARTO MIRADHIA
name: RIKI SATIA MUHARAM
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Community Empowerment, Agrotourism, Kuningan Regency.

description: Abstract

Agrotourism is one form of rural tourism that offers agricultural activities as a tourist attraction and involves local residents in planning and managing agrotourism areas. One of the principles of sustainable agrotourism development is community participation in planning. The development of agrotourism-based local potential has a positive impact on farmers, rural communities, and village governments. However, on the other hand, because the development of this potential relies on natural resources, its development is also very dependent on nature. In addition, the limited budget and the role of village governments to create excellent programs in supporting the development of agrotourism-based local potential. Kuningan Regency has agrotourism potential with superior objects, processed products made from plants and fruits, cultural uniqueness and beautiful panorama. Community Empowerment Strategy in Agrotourism Development in Kuningan Regency can be carried out through various trainings, which are more initiated by tourism actors. While the government provides facilities in the form of providing places. One of the trainings that can be done is training to become a professional guide, training on homestay arrangement, and training on entrepreneurial spirit.
title: CT angiography and volume-rendered reconstructions for evaluation of celiac trunk and hepatic arterial variants: results of a series of 100 patients
Creators: name: Villa, Diasol
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: CT-Angiography

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: •To review anatomical variants of celiac trunk with special reference to hepatic arterial supply . • To highlight the utility of multislice computed tomography to depict these arterial variations and to show a comprehensive tridimensional view...
Potentially Predictive Variance Reducing Subsample Locations in Local Gaussian Process Regression
Creators: name: Sung, Chih-Li
name: Gramacy, Robert B.
name: Haaland, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gaussian process models are commonly used as emulators for computer experiments. However, developing a Gaussian process emulator can be computationally prohibitive when the number of experimental samples is even moderately large. Local Gaussian process approximation (Gramacy and Apley, 2015) was proposed as an accurate and computationally feasible emulation alternative. However, constructing local sub-designs specific to predictions at a particular location of interest remains a substantial computational bottleneck to the technique. In this paper, two computationally efficient neighborhood search limiting techniques are proposed, a maximum distance method and a feature approximation method. Two examples demonstrate that the proposed methods indeed save substantial computation while retaining emulation accuracy.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
One-loop corrections in Maxwell-metric-affine bumblebee gravity
Creators: name: Lehum, A. C.
name: Nascimento, J. R.
name: Petrov, A. Yu.
name: Porfirio, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the coupling of the metric-affine bumblebee gravity to the Abelian gauge field and obtain the effective model corresponding to the weak gravity limit of this theory. The effective bumblebee theory displays new unconventional couplings between the bumblebee field and its field strength, and the $U(1)$ gauge field along with its respective field strength, as a result of the non-metricity effects. Thus, being a new gauge-bumblebee theory, it represents an example of vector-vector couplings which are very rarely considered, if not entirely overlooked, in the Abelian case. For this theory we calculate the lower perturbative corrections. We close the paper with discussions of other possible vector-vector couplings.
description: 15 pages, version accepted to GRG
title: Interventional management of complications of total implantable venous access devices
Creators: name: Massmann, Alexander
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Oncology
subject: Vascular
subject: Catheter venography
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Percutaneous
subject: Catheters
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Foreign bodies

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To evaluate local thrombolysis and catheter reposition to resolve dysfunction of total implantable venous access devices...
Non-stationarity in correlation matrices for wind turbine SCADA-data and implications for failure detection
Creators: name: Bette, Henrik M.
name: Jungblut, Edgar
name: Guhr, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern utility-scale wind turbines are equipped with a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system gathering vast amounts of operational data that can be used for analysis to improve operation and maintenance of turbines. We analyze high frequency SCADA-data from the Thanet offshore wind farm in the UK and evaluate Pearson correlation matrices for a variety of observables with a moving time window. This renders possible a quantitative assessment of non-stationarity in mutual dependencies of different types of data. We show that a clustering algorithm applied to the correlation matrices reveals distinct correlation structures for different states. Looking first at only one and then at multiple turbines, the main dependence of these states is shown to be on wind speed. This is in accordance with known turbine control systems, which change the behavior of the turbine depending on the available wind speed. We model the boundary wind speeds separating the states based on the clustering solution. Our analysis shows that for high frequency data the control mechanisms of a turbine lead to detectable non-stationarity in the correlation matrix. The presented methodology allows accounting for this with an automated pre-processing by sorting new data based on wind speed and comparing it to the respective operational state, thereby taking the non-stationarity into account for an analysis.
description: 26 pages, 20 figures
title: Extent of arterial tumor enhancement measured by preoperative MDCT-gastrography is a prognostic factor in advanced gastric cancer patients after curative resection
Creators: name: Komori, Masahiro
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: CT
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: 1.Advanced gastric cancer (AGC) recurs in 40–65% of patients who underwent curative resection 【1,2】. One major difficulty in the prediction of recurrence after curative resection is that only a few prognostic factors—namely, the presence of...
Vorticity in analogue gravity
Creators: name: Cropp, Bethan
name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Turcati, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the analogue gravity framework, the acoustic disturbances in a moving fluid can be described by an equation of motion identical to a relativistic scalar massless field propagating in a curved spacetime. This description is possible only when the fluid under consideration is barotropic, inviscid and irrotational. In this case, the propagation of the perturbations is governed by an acoustic metric which depends algebrically on the local speed of sound, density and the background flow velocity, the latter assumed to be vorticity free. In this work we provide an straightforward extension in order to go beyond the irrotational constraint. Using a charged --- relativistic and non-relativistic --- Bose--Einstein condensate as a physical system, we show that in the low momentum limit and performing the eikonal approximation we can derive a d'Alembertian equation of motion for the charged phonons where the emergent acoustic metric depends on a flow velocity in the presence of vorticity.
description: 12 pages. Final version matching the published one in CQG
Recovery of non-linear cause-effect relationships from linearly mixed neuroimaging data
Creators: name: Weichwald, Sebastian
name: Gretton, Arthur
name: Schölkopf, Bernhard
name: Grosse-Wentrup, Moritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal inference concerns the identification of cause-effect relationships between variables. However, often only linear combinations of variables constitute meaningful causal variables. For example, recovering the signal of a cortical source from electroencephalography requires a well-tuned combination of signals recorded at multiple electrodes. We recently introduced the MERLiN (Mixture Effect Recovery in Linear Networks) algorithm that is able to recover, from an observed linear mixture, a causal variable that is a linear effect of another given variable. Here we relax the assumption of this cause-effect relationship being linear and present an extended algorithm that can pick up non-linear cause-effect relationships. Thus, the main contribution is an algorithm (and ready to use code) that has broader applicability and allows for a richer model class. Furthermore, a comparative analysis indicates that the assumption of linear cause-effect relationships is not restrictive in analysing electroencephalographic data.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.01255
Velocity operator approach to quantum fluid dynamics in a three-dimensional neutron-proton system
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Seiya
name: da Providencia, Joao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the preceeding paper, introducing isospin-dependent density operators and defining exact momenta (collective variables), we could get an exact canonically momenta approach to a one-dimensional (1D) neutron-proton (NP) system. In this paper, we attempt at a velocity operator approach to a 3D NP system. Following Sunakawa, after introducing momentum density operators, we define velocity operators, denoting classical fluid velocities. We derive a collective Hamiltonian in terms of the collective variables.
description: 10 pages, no figures, Publication version
Experimental and theoretical investigation of drotaverine binding to bovine serum albumin
Creators: name: Gałęcki, Krystian
name: Courtade, Gastón
name: McFall, Aisling
name: Prieschl Teixeira, Renata
name: Grgic, Maja
name: Esteve-Sisteré, Marta
name: Maglemose Westphalen, Rikke
Publisher: name: Biotechnology and Food Science
Year: 2013

description: This study was motivated by the need to provide more insight into the possible mechanism of the intermolecular interactions between antispasmodic drug drotaverine and one of the serum albumins (BSA), with the aim to indicate the most probable sites of these interactions. For this purpose both experimental (spectrofluorometric titration at various temperatures) and theoretical (molecular mechanics) methods have been applied. The obtained results clearly showed that drotaverine quenched BSA fluorescence, and the most probable mechanism is static quenching. The negative value of the theoretically predicted binding free Gibbs energy (-23.8 kJ/mol) confirmed the existence of the intermolecular interactions involving drotaverine and one tryptophan within BSA protein and was well agreed with the experimentally determined value of -25.2 kJ/mol.
description: Biotechnology and Food Science, Vol. 77 No. 1 (2013): Biotechnology and Food Science
Quantum Quantile Mechanics: Solving Stochastic Differential Equations for Generating Time-Series
Creators: name: Paine, Annie E.
name: Elfving, Vincent E.
name: Kyriienko, Oleksandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a quantum algorithm for sampling from a solution of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). Using differentiable quantum circuits (DQCs) with a feature map encoding of latent variables, we represent the quantile function for an underlying probability distribution and extract samples as DQC expectation values. Using quantile mechanics we propagate the system in time, thereby allowing for time-series generation. We test the method by simulating the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and sampling at times different from the initial point, as required in financial analysis and dataset augmentation. Additionally, we analyse continuous quantum generative adversarial networks (qGANs), and show that they represent quantile functions with a modified (reordered) shape that impedes their efficient time-propagation. Our results shed light on the connection between quantum quantile mechanics (QQM) and qGANs for SDE-based distributions, and point the importance of differential constraints for model training, analogously with the recent success of physics informed neural networks.
description: v3, minor update
Metastability of Bose and Fermi gases on the upper branch
Creators: name: LeClair, Andre
name: Roditi, Itzhak
name: Squires, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study three dimensional Bose and Fermi gases in the upper branch, a phase defined by the absence of bound states in the repulsive interaction regime, within an approximation that considers only two-body interactions. Employing a formalism based on the S-matrix, we derive useful analytic expressions that hold on the upper branch in the weak coupling limit. We determine upper branch phase diagrams for both bosons and fermions with techniques valid for arbitrary positive scattering length.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. v3: published version
title: Visceral artery aneurysms: long-term results after endovascular treatment
Creators: name: Massmann, Alexander
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Arteries / Aorta
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Interventional vascular
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: CT-Angiography
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Arterial access
subject: Catheters
subject: Embolisation
subject: Aneurysms
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Obstruction / Occlusion

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: To evaluate long-term results of patients with visceral artery aneurysms undergoing endovascular treatment. Introduction Visceral artery aneursms (VAA) are uncommon but a potentially lifethreatening condition (1). VAA are increasingly found by...
Particle acceleration, magnetization and radiation in relativistic shocks
Creators: name: Derishev, Evgeny V.
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What are the mechanisms of particle acceleration and radiation, as well as magnetic field build up and decay in relativistic shocks are open questions with important implications to various phenomena in high energy astrophysics. While the Weibel instability is possibly responsible for magnetic field build up and diffusive shock acceleration is a model for acceleration, both have problems and current PIC simulation show that particles are accelerated only under special conditions and the magnetic field decays on a short length scale. We present here a novel model for the structure and the emission of highly relativistic collisionless shocks. The model takes into account (and is based on) non-local energy and momentum transport across the shock front via emission and absorption of high-energy photons. This leads to a pre-acceleration of the fluid and pre-amplificaiton of the magnetic fields in the upstream region. Both have drastic implications on the shock structure. The model explains the persistence of the shock generated magnetic field at large distances from the shock front. The dissipation of this magnetic field results in a continuous particle acceleration within the downstream region. The model suggests two non-uniform emission zones (the downstream and the upstream), that give rise to three emission components with different spectral and temporal properties. A unique feature of the model is the existence of an "attractor", toward which any shock will evolve. This enables us to estimate from first principles the synchrotron and inverse Compton spectrum of the downstream emission. The model is applicable to any relativistic shock, but its distinctive features show up only for large compactness. We demonstrate that prompt and afterglow Gamma-Ray Bursts' shocks satisfy the relevant conditions and compare their observations with the predictions.
description: MNRAS accepted, largely reworked presentation
Voltage-controlled magnetism enabled by resistive switching
Creators: name: Salev, Pavel
name: Volvach, Iana
name: Sasaki, Dayne
name: Lapa, Pavel
name: Takamura, Yayoi
name: Lomakin, Vitaliy
name: Schuller, Ivan K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of new mechanisms of controlling magnetic properties by electric fields or currents furthers the fundamental understanding of magnetism and has important implications for practical use. Here, we present a novel approach of utilizing resistive switching to control magnetic anisotropy. We study a ferromagnetic oxide that exhibits an electrically triggered metal-to-insulator phase transition producing a volatile resistive switching. This switching occurs in a characteristic spatial pattern: the formation of a transverse insulating barrier inside a metallic matrix resulting in an unusual ferromagnetic/paramagnetic/ferromagnetic configuration. We found that the formation of this voltage-driven paramagnetic insulating barrier is accompanied by the emergence of a strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy that overpowers the intrinsic material anisotropy. Our results demonstrate that resistive switching is an effective tool for manipulating magnetic properties. Because resistive switching can be induced in a very broad range of materials, our findings could enable a new class of voltage-controlled magnetism systems.
title: Optimizing image quality and dose for digital radiography of paediatric extremities
Creators: name: Neitzel, Ulrich
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Physics
subject: Experimental investigations
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Radiation physics
subject: Paediatric
subject: Extremities

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: The optimization of x-ray imaging parameters according to the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle remains a continuous challenge in radiology, in particular for paediatric examinations. Digital imaging provides new possibilities...
Computations of volumes in five candidates elections
Creators: name: Bruns, Winfried
name: Ichim, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe several analytical results obtained in five candidates social choice elections under the assumption of the Impartial Anonymous Culture. These include the Condorcet and Borda paradoxes, as well as the Condorcet efficiency of plurality, negative plurality and Borda voting, including their runoff versions. The computations are done by Normaliz. It finds precise probabilities as volumes of polytopes in dimension 119, using its recent implementation of the Lawrence algorithm.
Bürgener, K., Die Auferstehung Jesu Christi von den Toten
Creators: name: Baum, Armin Daniel
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1821137795
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 9 (1995): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 9
title: MR Enterography: How we do it
Creators: name: Donagh, Carol
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Tissue characterisation

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: MR enterography is an effective technique for assessment of small bowel pathology. The diagnostic yield is comparable to CT enterography with the advantage of avoiding exposure to ionizing radiation. In this exhibit we; Discuss technical...
Exploring entropy by counting microstates of the p-state paramagnet
Creators: name: Jensen, Steuard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moore and Schroeder proposed an effective approach to introducing entropy and the second law through computational study of models with easily countable states at fixed energy. But such systems are rare: the only familiar examples are the Einstein solid and the two-state paramagnet, which limits the available questions for assignment or discussion. This work considers the more general p-state paramagnet and describes the modestly more complicated counting of its microstates. An instructor can draw on this family of systems to assign a variety of new problems or open-ended projects that students can complete with the help of a spreadsheet program or analytic calculation.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. Revisions after peer review improved clarity throughout, moved sample code to an appendix and added an Excel implementation, and added a figure to clarify the combinatorial proofs. This version updates the published version to explicitly warn that floating point implementations of the formulas (like Excel's) are prone to error
Identification of Universally Applicable and Species-Specific Marker Peptides for Bacillus anthracis
Creators: name: Witt, Natalie
name: Galante, Domenico
name: Andreotti, Sandro
name: Abdel Glil, Mostafa
name: Fasanella, Antonio
name: Meierhofer, David
name: Tomaso, Herbert
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: Bacillus anthracis
subject: anthrax
subject: high-resolution mass spectrometry
subject: species-specific marker peptides

description: Anthrax is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis (BA). Specific identification of this pathogen often relies on targeting genes located on two extrachromosomal plasmids, which represent the major pathogenicity factors of BA. However, more recent findings show that these plasmids have also been found in other closely related Bacillus species. In this study, we investigated the possibility of identifying species-specific and universally applicable marker peptides for BA. For this purpose, we applied a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based approach for 42 BA isolates. Along with the genomic sequencing data and by developing a bioinformatics data evaluation pipeline, which uses a database containing most of the publicly available protein sequences worldwide (UniParc), we were able to identify eleven universal marker peptides unique to BA. These markers are located on the chromosome and therefore, might overcome known problems, such as observable loss of plasmids in environmental species, plasmid loss during cultivation in the lab, and the fact that the virulence plasmids are not necessarily a unique feature of BA. The identified chromosomally encoded markers in this study could extend the small panel of already existing chromosomal targets and along with targets for the virulence plasmids, may pave the way to an even more reliable identification of BA using genomics- as well as proteomics-based techniques.
title: Oral Cavity and Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Role of Imaging in Staging and Treatment Planning
Creators: name: Araujo, Bruno
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Staging
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the main anatomic landmarks of the oral cavity and oropharynx; the most common routes of spread of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); and the CT and MRI characteristics of...
Effects of a dressed quark-gluon vertex in vector heavy-light mesons and theory average of B(c)* meson mass
Creators: name: Gomez-Rocha, M.
name: Hilger, T.
name: Krassnigg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend earlier investigations of heavy-light pseudoscalar mesons to the vector case, using a simple model in the context of the Dyson-Schwinger-Bethe-Salpeter approach. We investigate the effects of a dressed-quark-gluon vertex in a systematic fashion and illustrate and attempt to quantify corrections beyond the phenomenologically very useful and successful rainbow-ladder truncation. In particular we investigate dressed quark photon vertex in such a setup and make a prediction for the experimentally as yet unknown mass of the B_c*, which we obtain at 6.334 GeV well in line with predictions from other approaches. Furthermore, we combine a comprehensive set of results from the theory literature. The theory average for the mass of the B_c* meson is 6.336 +- 0.002 GeV.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, revised version incorporating reviewer comments
Linear quadratic control of nonlinear systems with Koopman operator learning and the Nyström method
Creators: name: Caldarelli, Edoardo
name: Chatalic, Antoine
name: Colomé, Adrià
name: Molinari, Cesare
name: Ocampo-Martinez, Carlos
name: Torras, Carme
name: Rosasco, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study how the Koopman operator framework can be combined with kernel methods to effectively control nonlinear dynamical systems. While kernel methods have typically large computational requirements, we show how random subspaces (Nyström approximation) can be used to achieve huge computational savings while preserving accuracy. Our main technical contribution is deriving theoretical guarantees on the effect of the Nyström approximation. More precisely, we study the linear quadratic regulator problem, showing that the approximated Riccati operator converges at the rate $m^{-1/2}$, and the regulator objective, for the associated solution of the optimal control problem, converges at the rate $m^{-1}$, where $m$ is the random subspace size. Theoretical findings are complemented by numerical experiments corroborating our results.
A look at endemic equilibria of compartmental epidemiological models and model control via vaccination and mitigation
Creators: name: Chyba, Monique
name: Klotz, Taylor
name: Mileyko, Yuriy
name: Shanbrom, Corey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D30, 34D30, 93C10, 34H05

description: Compartmental models have long served as important tools in mathematical epidemiology, with their usefulness highlighted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. However, most of the classical models fail to account for certain features of this disease and others like it, such as the ability of exposed individuals to recover without becoming infectious, or the possibility that asymptomatic individuals can indeed transmit the disease but at a lesser rate than the symptomatic. In the first part of this paper we propose two new compartmental epidemiological models and study their equilibria, obtaining an endemic threshold theorem for the first model. In the second part of the paper, we treat the second model as an affine control system with two controls: vaccination and mitigation. We show that this system is static feedback linearizable, present some simulations, and investigate of an optimal control version of the problem. We conclude with some open problems and ideas for future research.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
title: A multi-modality Virtual Imaging Platform for the evaluation of image analysis algorithms.
Creators: name: Glatard, Tristan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Segmentation
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Technology assessment
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Image analysis algorithms such as motion estimation can help diagnosing cardiovascular diseases but quantifying their accuracy is difficult due to the lack of ground truth for in-vivo images. A Virtual Imaging Platform (VIP) is presented. It can...
Correlated event-by-event fluctuations of flow harmonics in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurements of correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of amplitudes of anisotropic flow harmonics in nucleus-nucleus collisions, obtained for the first time using a new analysis method based on multiparticle cumulants in mixed harmonics. This novel method is robust against systematic biases originating from non-flow effects and by construction any dependence on symmetry planes is eliminated. We demonstrate that correlations of flow harmonics exhibit a better sensitivity to medium properties than the individual flow harmonics. The new measurements are performed in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}=2.76$ TeV by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The centrality dependence of correlation between event-by-event fluctuations of the elliptic, $v_2$, and quadrangular, $v_4$, flow harmonics, as well as of anti-correlation between $v_2$ and triangular, $v_3$, flow harmonics are presented. The results cover two different regimes of the initial state configurations: geometry-dominated (in mid-central collisions) and fluctuation-dominated (in the most central collisions). Comparisons are made to predictions from MC-Glauber, viscous hydrodynamics, AMPT and HIJING models. Together with the existing measurements of individual flow harmonics the presented results provide further constraints on initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.
description: 19 pages, 3 captioned figures, authors from page 14, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/2684
Chiral anomaly and giant magnetochiral anisotropy in noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Morimoto, Takahiro
name: Nagaosa, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically propose that giant magnetochiral anisotropy is achieved in Weyl semimetals in noncentrosymmetric crystals as a consequence of the chiral anomaly. The magnetochiral anisotropy is the nonlinearity of the resistivity $ρ$ that depends on the current $\boldsymbol{I}$ and the magnetic field $\boldsymbol{B}$ as $ρ=ρ_0 (1 + γ\boldsymbol{I} \cdot \boldsymbol{B})$, and can be applied to rectifier devices controlled by $\boldsymbol{B}$. We derive the formula for the coefficient $γ$ in noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetals. The obtained formula for $γ$ shows that the magnetochiral anisotropy is strongly enhanced when the chemical potential is tuned to Weyl points, and that noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetals such as TaAs can exhibit much larger magnetochiral anisotropy than that observed in other materials so far.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
title: DTI reveals ultrastructure of braintumors
Creators: name: De Belder, Frank
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Fractional anisotropy (FA) is a measure for the degree of microstructural organization. Several studies have used FA-values to assess microstructural organization of brain tumors and peritumoral edema [2,11,14-17,19-20]. The purpose of our study was...
Exploration at the high-energy frontier: ATLAS Run~2 searches investigating the exotic jungle beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report presents a comprehensive collection of searches for new physics performed by the ATLAS Collaboration during the Run 2 period of data taking at the Large Hadron Collider, from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to about 140 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV proton-proton collision data. These searches cover a variety of beyond-the-standard model topics such as dark matter candidates, new vector bosons, hidden-sector particles, leptoquarks, or vector-like quarks, among others. Searches for supersymmetric particles or extended Higgs sectors are explicitly excluded as these are the subject of separate reports by the Collaboration. For each topic, the most relevant searches are described, focusing on their importance and sensitivity and, when appropriate, highlighting the experimental techniques employed. In addition to the description of each analysis, complementary searches are compared, and the overall sensitivity of the ATLAS experiment to each type of new physics is discussed. Summary plots and statistical combinations of multiple searches are included whenever possible.
description: 126 pages in total, author list starting page 109, 50 figures, 6 tables, published in Physics Reports. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2023-14/
An Objective Metric for Explainable AI: How and Why to Estimate the Degree of Explainability
Creators: name: Sovrano, Francesco
name: Vitali, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Explainable AI was born as a pathway to allow humans to explore and understand the inner working of complex systems. However, establishing what is an explanation and objectively evaluating explainability are not trivial tasks. This paper presents a new model-agnostic metric to measure the Degree of Explainability of information in an objective way. We exploit a specific theoretical model from Ordinary Language Philosophy called the Achinstein's Theory of Explanations, implemented with an algorithm relying on deep language models for knowledge graph extraction and information retrieval. To understand whether this metric can measure explainability, we devised a few experiments and user studies involving more than 190 participants, evaluating two realistic systems for healthcare and finance using famous AI technology, including Artificial Neural Networks and TreeSHAP. The results we obtained are statistically significant (with P values lower than .01), suggesting that our proposed metric for measuring the Degree of Explainability is robust in several scenarios, and it aligns with concrete expectations.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables, Source code available at: https://github.com/Francesco-Sovrano/DoXpy
Thickness and electric field dependent polarizability and dielectric constant in phosphorene
Creators: name: Kumar, Piyush
name: Bhadoria, B. S.
name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Bhowmick, Somnath
name: Chauhan, Yogesh Singh
name: Agarwal, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on extensive first principle calculations, we explore the thickness dependent effective di- electric constant and slab polarizability of few layer black phosphorene. We find that the dielectric constant in ultra-thin phosphorene is thickness dependent and it can be further tuned by applying an out of plane electric field. The decreasing dielectric constant with reducing number of layers of phosphorene, is a direct consequence of the lower permittivity of the surface layers and the in- creasing surface to volume ratio. We also show that the slab polarizability depends linearly on the number of layers, implying a nearly constant polarizability per phosphorus atom. Our calculation of the thickness and electric field dependent dielectric properties will be useful for designing and interpreting transport experiments in gated phosphorene devices, wherever electrostatic effects such as capacitance, charge screening etc. are important.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
How Density Environment Changes the Influence of the Dark Matter-Baryon Streaming Velocity on the Cosmological Structure Formation
Creators: name: Ahn, Kyungjin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical effect of relative velocities between dark matter and baryonic fluids, which remained supersonic after the epoch of recombination. The impact of this supersonic motion on the formation of cosmological structures was first formulated by Tseliakhovich & Hirata (2010), in terms of the linear theory of small-scale fluctuations coupled to large-scale, relative velocities in mean-density regions. In their formalism, they limited the large-scale density environment to be those of the global mean density. We improve on their formulation by allowing variation in the density environment as well as the relative velocities. This leads to a new type of coupling between large-scale and small-scale modes. We find that the small-scale fluctuation grows in a biased way: faster in the overdense environment and slower in the underdense environment. We also find that the net effect on the global power spectrum of the density fluctuation is to boost its overall amplitude from the prediction by Tseliakhovich & Hirata (2010). Correspondingly, the conditional mass function of cosmological halos and the halo bias parameter are both affected in a similar way. The discrepancy between our prediction and that by Tseliakhovich & Hirata (2010) is significant, and therefore the related cosmology and high-redshift astrophysics should be revisited. The mathematical formalism of this study can be used for generating cosmological initial conditions of small-scale perturbations in generic, overdense (underdense) background patches.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; Significant quantitative improvement including all the normal modes (growing, decaying, streaming, compensated) for large-scale perturbations from v1; minor typo corrections from v2
title: Radiation Protection. History and current situation.
Creators: name: Simon Yarza, Isabel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: CT
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Radiation safety
subject: Biological effects

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure details Conclusion Personal Information References
description: Learning objectives: To know the historical development of radiation protection and new challenges. To be aware of the need of training in radiation...