cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Training Videos: Cornering Socio-Cultural Movement
Creators: name: Querel, Melina
Publisher: name: Emily Carr University of Art and Design
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Sculpture
subject: Performance art
subject: Social norms
subject: Movement, Aesthetics of
subject: Surveillance

description: This thesis explores how the movement, presentation and interaction of the body are learned through one’s identifier; gender, culture, nationality, race, religion, and social class. Expected norms to one’s mannerisms and way of being in the world is determined and controlled by each of these identifiers. Through my practice-led-research with my body as a tool, I explore social norms which limit my agency over my haptic and intuitive embodied way of moving. With my Defence work, Subversive Training Videos, a diptych large-screen video installation with an unconventional bench, I aim to unlearn and challenge social norms linked to social behaviours.
Achieving the Dream in Connecticut: State Policies Affecting Access to, and Success In, Community Colleges for Students of Color and Low-Income Students
Creators: name: Dougherty, Kevin J.
name: Kerrigan, Monica Reid
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Connecticut is one of two states in the second round of the Achieving the Dream initiative. In joining the initiative along with Ohio, it brings in a northern state that is quite different from the five southern and southwestern states that comprised the first round of the Achieving the Dream initiative. This report provides an audit of state policies in Connecticut affecting access to, and success in, community colleges for students of color and low-income students. It is the product of intensive interviews that were conducted in Connecticut and an analysis of documents produced both by state agencies and external organizations, such as the Education Commission of the States.
動的環境における意思決定モデルの検討 －ベイズ推論モデルに経験の忘却を仮定－
Creators: name: Hoshino Shoei
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: 本研究の目的は、動的環境における意思決定モデルとして経験の忘却を仮定したベイズ推論モデルの妥当性を検討することである。従来のベイズ推論モデルによると人は経験に基づいて事後分布を逐次的に更新することで推論の不確実性を減少させる。このため推論対象の状態が変動しない静的環境では、経験を蓄積することで正確な推論が可能である。しかし推論対象の状態が変動する動的環境では、時間的に遠い過去の経験は現在の環境と異なる環境から得られたものであり、現在の推論対象の状態を捉えていない。このように推論対象の状態が時間的に変化する場合、遠い過去の経験を忘却し、直近の経験を重視することで、現在の推論対象の状態をより正確に推論できる。従来のベイズ推論モデルは事後分布に反映された経験の影響力が時間的に低減せず、過去の環境における経験と直近の環境における経験を同等に扱うため、動的環境における適応的な意思決定のメカニズムを捉えられていない。そこで本研究では過去から現在までの時間的距離に応じて経験の影響力が低減する過程を数理的に表現することでベイズ推論モデルを拡張する。拡張したベイズ推論モデルといくつかのベンチマークモデルを実験によって得られたデータに基づいて検討する。
Signal propagation and linear response in the delay Vicsek model
Creators: name: Geiß, Daniel
name: Kroy, Klaus
name: Holubec, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Retardation between sensation and action is an inherent biological trait. Here we study its effect in the Vicsek model, which is a paradigmatic swarm model. We find that: (i) a discrete time delay in the orientational interactions diminishes the ability of strongly aligned swarms to follow a leader and, in return, increases their stability against random orientation fluctuations; (ii) both longer delays and higher speeds favor ballistic over diffusive spreading of information (orientation) through the swarm; (iii) for short delays, the mean change in the total orientation (the order parameter) scales linearly in a small orientational bias of the leaders and inversely in the delay time, while its variance first increases and then saturates with increasing delays; (iv) the linear response breaks down when orientation conservation is broken.
description: 13 pages, 9 figues
Massively parallel solvers for elliptic PDEs in Numerical Weather- and Climate Prediction
Creators: name: Mueller, Eike H.
name: Scheichl, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: D.1.3; G.1.3; G.1.8; J.2
subject: 35J25, 65F08, 65F10, 65N55, 68W10

description: The demand for substantial increases in the spatial resolution of global weather- and climate- prediction models makes it necessary to use numerically efficient and highly scalable algorithms to solve the equations of large scale atmospheric fluid dynamics. For stability and efficiency reasons several of the operational forecasting centres, in particular the Met Office and the ECMWF in the UK, use semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian time stepping in the dynamical core of the model. The additional burden with this approach is that a three dimensional elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) for the pressure correction has to be solved at every model time step and this often constitutes a significant proportion of the time spent in the dynamical core. To run within tight operational time scales the solver has to be parallelised and there seems to be a (perceived) misconception that elliptic solvers do not scale to large processor counts and hence implicit time stepping can not be used in very high resolution global models. After reviewing several methods for solving the elliptic PDE for the pressure correction and their application in atmospheric models we demonstrate the performance and very good scalability of Krylov subspace solvers and multigrid algorithms for a representative model equation with more than $10^{10}$ unknowns on 65536 cores on HECToR, the UK's national supercomputer. For this we tested and optimised solvers from two existing numerical libraries (DUNE and hypre) and implemented both a Conjugate Gradient solver and a geometric multigrid algorithm based on a tensor-product approach which exploits the strong vertical anisotropy of the discretised equation. We study both weak and strong scalability and compare the absolute solution times for all methods; in contrast to one-level methods the multigrid solver is robust with respect to parameter variations.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables
Integration of Vocational and Academic Curricula Through the NSF Advanced Technological Education Program (ATE)
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Matsuzuka, Yukari
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: This paper reviews the conceptual framework of academic and vocational education integration by referring to past studies and research results. After describing the data and research methodology that were used for this study, the authors review specific activities in curriculum development, particularly focusing on how academic and occupational components are integrated in the process of curriculum development. They then examine the dissemination of the developed curriculum. The dissemination is discussed in terms of how the ATE curriculum is being used in different college departments including vocational programs, academic departments, and non-credit based workforce development programs. The authors go on to investigate how their findings in curriculum development and dissemination are related to issues in articulation and transfer to four-year programs. The paper concludes with a summary and implications of the findings.
Double-hit separation and dE/dx resolution of a time projection chamber with GEM readout
Creators: name: Aoki, Yumi
name: Attié, David
name: Behnke, Ties
name: Bellerive, Alain
name: Bezshyyko, Oleg
name: Sankar, Deb Bhattacharya
name: Bhattacharya, Purba
name: Bhattacharya, Sudeb
name: Chang, Yue
name: Colas, Paul
name: De Lentdecker, Gilles
name: Dehmelt, Klaus
name: Desch, Klaus
name: Diener, Ralf
name: Dixit, Madhu
name: Einhaus, Ulrich
name: Fedorchuk, Oleksiy
name: Fleck, Ivor
name: Fujii, Keisuke
name: Fusayasu, Takahiro
name: Ganjour, Serguei
name: Gros, Philippe
name: Hayman, Peter
name: Ikematsu, Katsumasa
name: Jönsson, Leif
name: Kaminski, Jochen
name: Kato, Yukihiro
name: Kleinwort, Claus
name: Martin, Peter Kluit
name: Kobayashi, Makoto
name: Krämer, Uwe
name: Lundberg, Björn
name: Lupberger, Michael
name: Majumdar, Nayana
name: Malek, Paul
name: Matsuda, Takeshi
name: Mjoernmark, Ulf
name: Mukhopadhyay, Supratik
name: Müller, Felix
name: Münnich, Astrid
name: Nakajima, Jurina
name: Narita, Shinya
name: Negishi, Kentaro
name: Ogawa, Tomohisa
name: Oskarsson, Anders
name: Österman, Lennart
name: Peterson, Daniel
name: Qi, Huirong
name: Riallot, Marc
name: Rosemann, Christoph
name: Roth, Stefan
name: Schade, Peter
name: Schaefer, Oliver
name: Settles, Ronald Dean
name: Shirazi, Amir Noori
name: Shoji, Aiko
name: Smirnova, Oxana
name: Sugiyama, Akira
name: Takahashi, Tohru
name: Timmermans, Jan
name: Titov, Maksym
name: Tsionou, Dimitra
name: Vauth, Annika
name: Watanabe, Takashi
name: Werthenbach, Ulrich
name: Wu, Mengqing
name: Yang, Yifan
name: Yonamine, Ryo
name: Yuan, Zhiyang
name: Yumino, Keita
name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A time projection chamber (TPC) with micropattern gaseous detector (MPGD) readout is investigated as main tracking device of the International Large Detector (ILD) concept at the planned International Linear Collider (ILC). A prototype TPC equipped with a triple gas electron multiplier (GEM) readout has been built and operated in an electron test beam. The TPC was placed in a 1 T solenoidal field at the DESY II Test Beam Facility, which provides an electron beam up to 6 GeV/c. The performance of the readout modules, in particular the spatial point resolution, is determined and compared to earlier tests. New studies are presented with first results on the separation of close-by tracks and the capability of the system to measure the specific energy loss dE/dx. This is complemented by a simulation study on the optimization of the readout granularity to improve particle identification by dE/dx.
description: 29 pages, 30 figures, 6 tables. This is the Accepted Manuscript version of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Instrumentation. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/11/P11027
Surface coating of silica with amine functionalized calix[4]arene and its application in metal ion extraction
Creators: name: Jalbani, Nida Shams
name: Solangi, Amber R.
name: Memon, Shahabuddin
name: Junejo, Ranjhan
name: Bhatti, Asif Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Calixarenes are known as fascinated macromolecules due to their flexible structure that can be cast into different fields of application. These macromolecules have been used as quick and highly selective functional material for the extraction and separation of metal ions. This study explores metal ion removal efficiency of new calixarene coated silica resin from aqueous environment through solid phase extraction. The calixarene-coated silica resin (CCS resin) was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDS and BET. Static and dynamic adsorption experiments were followed to check the removal efficiency of CCS resin. Adsorption experiment shows that, CCS resin has strong potential for the removal of divalent and trivalent metal ions as compare to monovalent metal ions. Adsorption data have been evaluated by applying Langmuir, Freundlich, D-R models and Thomas dynamic adsorption models. The adsorption isotherm of the CCS resin agreed well with the Langmuir adsorption equation with regression coefficient of 0.99 and good monolayer adsorption capacities such as 3.22, 2.95, 3.04, 3.11, 2.81 and 2.82 (mol.g−1) for Hg2+ Pb2+ La3+ Cr3+ Al3+ and Fe3+ respectively. The D-R isotherm model suggests that the adsorption process follow ion exchange mechanism with mean sorption energy falls in the range of 9.0–16 KJ.mol−1. Moreover, the exhaustion capacity of column was calculated by using the Thomas model, which shows very small qo value with good fit to data (R2 =0.99). The thermodynamic and kinetic studies have also been performed, which reveals that the reaction is spontaneous and exothermic in nature and follows pseudo second-order kinetics.
Stochastic accretion of planetesimals onto white dwarfs: constraints on the mass distribution of accreted material from atmospheric pollution
Creators: name: Wyatt, M. C.
name: Farihi, J.
name: Pringle, J. E.
name: Bonsor, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores how the stochastic accretion of planetesimals onto white dwarfs would be manifested in observations of their atmospheric pollution. Archival observations of pollution levels for unbiased samples of DA and non-DA white dwarfs are used to derive the distribution of accretion rates, confirming that rates become systematically lower as sinking time is decreased, with no discernable dependence on cooling age. The accretion rates expected from planetesimals that are all the same mass (ie, a mono-mass distribution) are explored both analytically and using a Monte Carlo model, quantifying how measured accretion rates inevitably depend on sinking time, since different sinking times probe different times since the last accretion event. However, that dependence is so dramatic that a mono-mass distribution can be excluded. Consideration of accretion from a broad distribution of planetesimal masses uncovers an important conceptual difference: accretion is continuous (rather than stochastic) for planetesimals below a certain mass, and the accretion of such planetesimals determines the rate typically inferred from observations; smaller planetesimals dominate the rates for shorter sinking times. A reasonable fit to the observationally inferred accretion rate distributions is found with model parameters consistent with a collisionally evolved mass distribution up to Pluto-mass, and an underlying accretion rate distribution consistent with that expected from descendants of debris discs of main sequence A stars. With these parameters, while both DA and non-DA white dwarfs accrete from the same broad planetesimal distribution, this model predicts that the pollution seen in DAs is dominated by the continuous accretion of <35km objects, and that in non-DAs by >35km objects (though the dominant size varies between stars by around an order of magnitude from this value)...
description: 23 pages, MNRAS in press
Machine Learning-based Ransomware Detection Using Low-level Memory Access Patterns Obtained From Live-forensic Hypervisor
Creators: name: Hirano, Manabu
name: Kobayashi, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since modern anti-virus software mainly depends on a signature-based static analysis, they are not suitable for coping with the rapid increase in malware variants. Moreover, even worse, many vulnerabilities of operating systems enable attackers to evade such protection mechanisms. We, therefore, developed a thin and lightweight live-forensic hypervisor to create an additional protection layer under a conventional protection layer of operating systems with supporting ransomware detection using dynamic behavioral features. The developed live-forensic hypervisor collects low-level memory access patterns instead of high-level information such as process IDs and API calls that modern Virtual Machine Introspection techniques have employed. We then created the low-level memory access patterns dataset of three ransomware samples, one wiper malware sample, and four benign applications. We confirmed that our best machine learning classifier using only low-level memory access patterns achieved an $F_1$ score of 0.95 in detecting ransomware and wiper malware.
description: 8 pages
Farm Expenditures and Their Financing in 1970
Creators: name: Williams, Dorwin
name: Williams, Dorwin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Production Economics
subject: Capital purchases
subject: credit
subject: expenditures
subject: landlord
subject: operating expenses

description: Sample survey estimates from the 1970 Survey of Agricultural Finance, Bureau of the Census show that farm operators accounted for approximately 92 percent of total farm operating expenses and 94 percent of total capital purchases; landlords and contractors accounted for the remainder. Data from the 1970 survey were not available until 1974. Operating expenses accounted for about three-fourths of the operators’ total farm expenditures, of which three-fourths were financed with personal funds and the remainder was financed with borrowed funds. Capital purchases accounted for the remaining one-fourth of the total farm expenditures, of which about half were financed with personal funds and half with borrowed funds. Overall, operators paid for about two-thirds of their total farm expenditures with personal funds and financed the remainder with credit. Wide differences appeared among different subgroups of farm operators regarding amounts spent on operating expenses and capital purchases and their financing.
The neutron star in Cassiopeia A: equation of state, superfluidity, and Joule heating
Creators: name: Bonanno, A.
name: Baldo, M.
name: Burgio, G. F.
name: Urpin, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermomagnetic evolution of the young neutron star in Cassiopea A is studied by considering fast neutrino emission processes. In particular, we consider neutron star models obtained from the equation of state computed in the framework of the Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone many-body theory and variational methods, and models obtained with the Akmal-Pandharipande-Ravenhall equation of state. It is shown that it is possible to explain a fast cooling regime as the one observed in the neutron star in Cassiopea A if the Joule heating produced by dissipation of the small-scale magnetic field in the crust is taken into account. We thus argue that it is difficult to put severe constraints on the superfluid gap if the Joule heating is considered.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear on A&A Letters
A Deep Learning Approach for Automatic Detection of Qualitative Features of Lecturing
Creators: name: Wroblewska, Anna
name: Jasek, Jozef
name: Jastrzebski, Bogdan
name: Pawlak, Stanislaw
name: Grzywacz, Anna
name: Ann, Cheong Siew
name: Chee, Tan Seng
name: Trzcinski, Tomasz
name: Holyst, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial Intelligence in higher education opens new possibilities for improving the lecturing process, such as enriching didactic materials, helping in assessing students' works or even providing directions to the teachers on how to enhance the lectures. We follow this research path, and in this work, we explore how an academic lecture can be assessed automatically by quantitative features. First, we prepare a set of qualitative features based on teaching practices and then annotate the dataset of academic lecture videos collected for this purpose. We then show how these features could be detected automatically using machine learning and computer vision techniques. Our results show the potential usefulness of our work.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Efficient removal of cesium and strontium from an aqueous solution using a zirconosilicate/vanadium oxide nanocomposite
Creators: name: Bakhotmah, Dina A.
name: Hussein, Mahmoud A.
name: El-Said, Waleed
name: Ismael, Mohamed H.
name: Elshehy, Emad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Here, we have reported a simple and one-step hydrothermal method for preparing a highly uniform sodium zirconosilicate mesoporous sorbent supported with vanadium oxide nanoparticles (VO2). The results showed the formation of NPs with a surface area of 73.21 m2/g and with a particle size ranged from 67 to 80 nm. Furthermore, the proposed fabricated composite has been used to significantly remove the cesium and strontium ions from the aqueous solution by a batch method. The phase and structural characteristics of the VO2/zirconosilicate nanocomposites were well studied by using XRD, SEM, HRTEM, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. The results showed that the cesium and strontium ions were efficiently adsorbed by mesoporous VO2/zirconosilicate ion exchanger at a natural and wide pH ranges. Various kinetic and isotherms models have been developed to highlight the adsorption process of cesium and strontium ions. The fabricated zeolitic materials exhibited an adsorption capacity of 30.5 and 22.2 mg g−1 for Cs(I) and Sr(II), respectively. The collected data showed that the synthesized VO2/zirconosilicate has the maximum potential to properly remove Cs(I) and Sr(II) from the aqueous media. A microporous VO2/zirconosilicate nanocomposite adsorbent has been designed for efficient removal of cesium and strontium from contaminated samples. The synthesized nanocomposite indicated a highly ability to remove Cs(I) and Sr(II) ions in ultra-dilute solutions.
Primordial black hole mergers from three-body interactions
Creators: name: Franciolini, Gabriele
name: Kritos, Konstantinos
name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current gravitational-wave observations set the most stringent bounds on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the solar mass range. This constraint, however, inherently relies on the merger rate predicted by PBH models. Previous analyses have focused mainly on two binary formation mechanisms: early Universe assembly out of decoupling from the Hubble expansion and dynamical capture in present-day dark matter structures. Using reaction rates of three-body processes studied in the astrophysical context, we show that, under conservative assumptions, three-body interactions in PBH halos efficiently produce binaries. Those binaries form at high redshift in Poisson-induced PBH small-scale structures and a fraction is predicted to coalesce and merge within the current age of the Universe, at odds with the dynamical capture scenario where they merge promptly. In general, we find that this channel predicts rates comparable to the dynamical capture scenario. However, binaries formed from three-body interactions do not significantly contribute to the overall PBH merger rate unless PBHs made up a dominant fraction of the dark matter above the solar mass range, a scenario that is ruled out by current constraints. Our results support strong bounds on the PBH abundance in the stellar mass range derived from Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo/KAGRA observations. Finally, we show that both dynamical channels are always subdominant compared to early Universe assembly for PBH mergers in the asteroid mass range, while we expect it to become relevant in scenarios where PBHs are initially strongly clustered.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
D5.3 Improvement of the assessment of Argo floats in the Southern Ocean including Weddell sea as part of the Argo Southern Ocean ARC
Creators: name: Walicka, Kamila
name: Neil, Clive
name: King, Brian
name: Klein, Birgit
name: Angel-Benavides, Ingrid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The report describes the progress made to improve the availability of the reference data in the Southern Ocean and also describe and test the new tool improving the selection of the reference data for the DMQC. This led to more robust results from the DMQC analysis and higher-quality of analysed salinity data in d-mode.
Exchangeable sequences driven by an absolutely continuous random measure
Creators: name: Berti, Patrizia
name: Pratelli, Luca
name: Rigo, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $S$ be a Polish space and $(X_n:n\geq1)$ an exchangeable sequence of $S$-valued random variables. Let $α_n(\cdot)=P(X_{n+1}\in \cdot\mid X_1,\...,X_n)$ be the predictive measure and $α$ a random probability measure on $S$ such that $α_n\stackrel{\mathrm{weak}}{\longrightarrow}α$ a.s. Two (related) problems are addressed. One is to give conditions for $α\llλ$ a.s., where $λ$ is a (nonrandom) $σ$-finite Borel measure on $S$. Such conditions should concern the finite dimensional distributions $\mathcal {L}(X_1,\...,X_n)$, $n\geq1$, only. The other problem is to investigate whether $\Vert\alp ha_n-α\Vert\stackrel{\mathrm{a.s.}}{\longrightarrow}0$, where $\Vert\cdot\Vert$ is total variation norm. Various results are obtained. Some of them do not require exchangeability, but hold under the weaker assumption that $(X_n)$ is conditionally identically distributed, in the sense of [Ann. Probab. 32 (2004) 2029-2052].
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP786 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Qualitative properties of solutions to a nonlinear time-space fractional diffusion equation
Creators: name: Borikhanov, Meiirkhan B.
name: Ruzhansky, Michael
name: Torebek, Berikbol T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R11, 35A01, 35B51, 35K55

description: In the present paper, we study the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem to the nonlocal nonlinear diffusion equation with polynomial nonlinearities $$\mathcal{D}_{0|t}^{α}u+(-Δ)^s_pu=γ|u|^{m-1}u+μ|u|^{q-2}u,\,γ,μ\in\mathbb{R},\,m>0,q>1,$$ involving time-fractional Caputo derivative $\mathcal{D}_{0|t}^α$ and space-fractional $p$-Laplacian operator $(-Δ)^s_p$. We give a simple proof of the comparison principle for the considered problem using purely algebraic relations, for different sets of $γ,μ,m$ and $q$. The Galerkin approximation method is used to prove the existence of a local weak solution. The blow-up phenomena, existence of global weak solutions and asymptotic behavior of global solutions are classified using the comparison principle.
description: 33 pages
Accurate expansions of internal energy and specific heat of critical two-dimensional Ising model with free boundaries
Creators: name: Wu, Xintian
name: Zheng, Ru
name: Izmailian, Nickolay
name: Guo, Wenan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bond-propagation (BP) algorithm for the specific heat of the two dimensional Ising model is developed and that for the internal energy is completed. Using these algorithms, we study the critical internal energy and specific heat of the model on the square lattice and triangular lattice with free boundaries. Comparing with previous works [X.-T. Wu {\it et al} Phys. Rev. E {\bf 86}, 041149 (2012) and Phys. Rev. E {\bf 87}, 022124 (2013)], we reach much higher accuracy ($10^{-26}$) of the internal energy and specific heat, compared to the accuracy $10^{-11}$ of the internal energy and $10^{-9}$ of the specific heat reached in the previous works. This leads to much more accurate estimations of the edge and corner terms. The exact values of some edge and corner terms are therefore conjectured. The accurate forms of finite-size scaling for the internal energy and specific heat are determined for the rectangle-shaped square lattice with various aspect ratios and various shaped triangular lattice. For the rectangle-shaped square and triangular lattices and the triangle-shaped triangular lattice, there is no logarithmic correction terms of order higher than 1/S, with S the area of the system. For the triangular lattice in rhombus, trapezoid and hexagonal shapes, there exist logarithmic correction terms of order higher than 1/S for the internal energy, and logarithmic correction terms of all orders for the specific heat.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.2023, arXiv:1207.4540
Salt-induced edible anisotropic Pickering emulsion droplets
Creators: name: Tyowua, Andrew Terhemen
name: Targema, Msugh
name: Ubuo, Emmanuel Etim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Pickering emulsions, with anisotropic droplets, are often prepared via methods that involve long procedures or require elevated temperatures, exotic particles and equipment, thereby limiting their industrial applications. Herein, we report a facile method for preparing anisotropic Pickering emulsion droplets which does not require elevated temperatures, exotic particles and equipment. This method involves measuring 7 cm3 of different concentrations of aqueous NaCl solution (0 to 1000 mM) into separate screw cap glass vials, adding 4 wt.% rod- or cube-shaped CaCO3 particles, followed by 7 cm3 of vegetable oil. The salt solution-particle-oil mixtures are then sheared at 13000 rpm for 3 min. It was found that mixtures containing the cube-shaped CaCO3 particles formed oil-in-water emulsions with anisotropic droplets (length ≤ 2430 μm) while those containing the rod-shaped ones formed emulsions with isotropic droplets (diameter ≤ 800 μm). The results also revealed that the aspect ratio of the anisotropic droplets is between 2.7 to 3.3, depending on NaCl concentration. In addition, the fraction of aqueous and oil phases resolved for three years is within 0.2 to 0.6 and ≪ 0.1, respectively, depending on NaCl concentration. Zeta potential measurement shows a decrease in the magnitude of particle charge with increasing salt concentration: a strong decrease for mixtures with cube-shaped CaCO3 particles and a weak decrease for mixtures with the rod-shaped ones.
Using State Data to Promote Continuous Improvement of Workforce Programs: Guidance for States Preparing Applications to the U.S. DOL Workforce Data Quality Initiative
Creators: name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
name: Harmon, Timothy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: Local workforce education and employment program providers—and the state agencies that oversee them—routinely collect lots of data on their programs. Too often these data are used primarily to comply with mandated reporting requirements, and do not inform efforts to improve program outcomes. The U.S. Department of Labor's Workforce Data Quality Initiative (WDQI) provides funding to state workforce agencies (SWAs), to strengthen and expand longitudinal data systems (LDSs) to track individual participants through employment programs and into the labor force. The WDQI provides an opportunity for states to use data to promote continuous improvement of workforce education and employment programs. This brief provides guidance to states preparing applications to the WDQI so that they can build provisions into their proposals that will strengthen workforce longitudinal data systems, and enable them to use the data to improve outcomes for state residents seeking gainful employment and employers seeking qualified workers. The brief is based in part on CCRC’s experience working with six Midwest states involved in the Joyce Foundation's Shifting Gears initiative.
Spin-charge separation in two dimensions: spinon-chargon gauge theories from duality
Creators: name: Leviatan, Eyal
name: Mross, David F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong interactions between electrons in two dimensions can realize phases where their spins and charges separate. We capture this phenomenon within a dual formulation. Focusing on square lattices, we analyze the long-wavelength structure of vortices when the microscopic particles -- electrons or spinful bosons -- are near half-filling. These conditions lead to a compact gauge theory of spinons and chargons, which arise as the fundamental topological defects of the low-energy vortices. The gauge theory formulation is particularly suitable for studying numerous exotic phases and transitions. We support the general analysis by an exact implementation of the duality of a coupled-wire array. Finally, we demonstrate how the latter can be exploited to construct parent Hamiltonians for fractional phases and their transitions.
Unsupervised Discovery of Inertial-Fusion Plasma Physics using Differentiable Kinetic Simulations and a Maximum Entropy Loss Function
Creators: name: Joglekar, Archis S.
name: Thomas, Alexander G. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Plasma supports collective modes and particle-wave interactions that leads to complex behavior in inertial fusion energy applications. While plasma can sometimes be modeled as a charged fluid, a kinetic description is useful towards the study of nonlinear effects in the higher dimensional momentum-position phase-space that describes the full complexity of plasma dynamics. We create a differentiable solver for the plasma kinetics 3D partial-differential-equation and introduce a domain-specific objective function. Using this framework, we perform gradient-based optimization of neural networks that provide forcing function parameters to the differentiable solver given a set of initial conditions. We apply this to an inertial-fusion relevant configuration and find that the optimization process exploits a novel physical effect that has previously remained undiscovered.
description: 2nd AI4Science Workshop at the 39th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2022
Edge scattering of electrons in graphene
Creators: name: Dugaev, V. K.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the contribution of edge scattering to the conductance of graphene nanoribbons and nanoflakes. Using different possible types of the boundary conditions for the electron wave function at the edge, we found dependences of the momentum relaxation time and conductance on the geometric sizes and on the carrier density. We also consider the case of ballistic nanoribbon and nanodisc, for which the edge scaterring is the main mechanism of momentum relaxation.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Development of trimethyl chitosan coated nanostructure lipid carriers to enhance the brain targeting capacity of ceftriaxone
Creators: name: Padhi, Swarupanjali
name: Mazumder, Rupa
name: Bisth, Shradha
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mental Health
Virology

description: Cationic nanostructured lipid carriers were devised to improve the biodistribution of the drug in the CNS. Especially, the delivery of antibiotics via uninflamed meninges at various stages of infection is the most challenging part of the treatment regimen. The ceftriaxone loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC-CEFs) were formulated using glyceryl monostearate and capryol90 and the resulting NLC-CEFs were coated with trimethyl chitosan (NLC-CEFs-TMC) to increase the cellular uptake of the drug. The TMC was synthesized from chitosan and its formation was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, DSC, and H1 NMR analyses. The freeze-dried NLC-CEFs and the NLC-CEFs-TMC formed, were evaluated by FTIR, DSC, XRD, SEM, and zeta potential analyses. The rat model was used to study the biodistribution of the drug in brain and confirm the potential delivery of drug in NLC-CEFs-TMC carriers through blood brain barrier. It was found to increase by 10.51 times compared to the drug solution when administered through IV and collected after 8 h. The brain enhancement factor was found to be, 5.86 and 7.95 respectively for NLC-CEFs and NLC-CEFs-TMC collected after 8 h. The brain targeting index was found to be 0.29 ± 0.02, 0.50 ± 0.04 and 0.029 ± 0.007 for NLC-CEFs, NLC-CEFs-TMC, and CEF solution. The highest brain targeting index and brain enhancement ratio was achieved by NLC-CEFs-TMC. Success of these lipid dosage forms may be attributed to the lipophilic nature of the NLCs, which is similar to that of meninges and another cause may be the increase in the uptake of cationic NLCs by negatively charged CNS membrane.
Following the muon track of hierarchical sectors at LHCb
Creators: name: Vidal, Xabier Cid
name: Mombächer, Titus
name: Ramos, Maria
name: Fernández, Emilio Xosé Rodríguez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports a study of the experimental signatures of hierarchical sectors beyond the Standard Model characterized by a flavor-violating heavy vector and a set of light pseudo-Goldstone bosons $a_{1,2}$, spanning a large range of lifetimes. The non-minimal scalar spectrum triggers novel $B$ decays into multiple leptons that would have escaped the reach of current searches. Novel displaced vertex analyses at LHCb are therefore discussed to probe the hierarchical new physics, extending the scope of the tracking system of the detector. Additionally, the reach of the proposed CODEX-b experiment is studied as well. By exploiting the use of tracks only reconstructed in subsystems of the detector at the high-level LHCb trigger, ${\mathcal{B}(B_s^0\to a_1 a_2) < 10^{-8}}$ and ${\mathcal{B}(B^+\to K^+ a_1 a_2) < 10^{-9}}$ could be reached in the muon channel across seven orders of magnitude in the lifetime of the Goldstone bosons. Correspondingly, heavy-light particle couplings of order $\lesssim 1$ could be tested, potentially ruling out composite Higgs scenarios where the heavy and light sectors couple strongly.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures and an appendix with two chapters, submitted to JHEP
The discovery of a radio halo in PLCK G147.3-16.6 at z=0.65
Creators: name: van Weeren, R. J.
name: Intema, H. T.
name: Lal, D. V.
name: Bonafede, A.
name: Jones, C.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Stroe, A.
name: Hoeft, M.
name: Nuza, S. E.
name: de Gasperin, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) observations have dramatically increased the number of known distant galaxy clusters. In some merging, low-redshift (z<0.4) clusters, centrally-located, diffuse, extended radio emission (called radio halos) has been found. Using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), we report the detection of diffuse radio emission in the binary-merging cluster PLCK G147.3-16.6 located at z = 0.65. We classify the emission as a giant radio halo due to the large physical extent of about 0.9 Mpc and low-surface brightness. We measure an integrated flux density of $7.3\pm1.1$ mJy at 610 MHz for the radio halo, resulting in a 1.4 GHz radio power of $5.1 \times 10^{24}$ W/Hz. The radio halo power is consistent with that expected from the known correlation between X-ray luminosity or the cluster integrated SZ signal and radio power. Our observations also suggest that more of these distant radio halos could be discovered with the GMRT.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJL
Evaluation of the efficiency of ZnCl2 activated cocoa pod husk charcoal on the removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution
Creators: name: Adeyemi, Adewale F.
name: Olasunkanmi, Lukman O.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: The efficiency of ZnCl2-activated cocoa pod husk charcoal (ACPHC) in removing Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution was investigated under different conditions of shaking speed, contact time, adsorbent dose, adsorbate concentration, pH, and temperature with a view to widening the applications of the husk. Adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and desorption studies were conducted. Activated carbon produced at 650 °C was found to give the best desired properties. The optimum shaking time and pH value were 45 min and 6. The shaking speed of 700 rpm gave maximum removal efficiency (mean ± sd) 97.02 ± 0.34%, 96.24 ± 0.19%, and 96.85 ± 0.01% for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) ions at the optimum pH, 25 °C, and 0.1 g adsorbent/25 ml solution with adsorption capacities of 2.426, 2.406, and 2.421 mg/g, respectively. While the average capacity at the optimum contact time was 2.290 mg/g. Non-linear Temkin and Redlich–Peterson and linear Langmuir isotherm models gave the best description of the adsorption equilibrium of the metal ions onto ACPHC surface, while pseudo-second order kinetics model gave the best description of the adsorption kinetics. The rate of removal of the metal ions was in the order Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II). The regeneration of the spent adsorbent was efficient with respect to the considered metal ions. The recovery values were 96.72 ± 0.43%, 92.76 ± 0.49%, and 91.66 ± 0.34% for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) ions, respectively. Thus ACPHC was found to be an efficient low-cost material for the removal of the studied metal ions from aqueous solution.
Constraint on the mass of graviton with gravitational waves
Creators: name: Gao, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effects of the mass of graviton on both the waveform of gravitational waves and the antenna response to gravitational waves. We find the effect on the response function is negligible for small mass. By using the Fisher matrix method, we make parameter estimations with space-based gravitational wave detectors for massive black hole binaries in massive gravity theory. The wavelength of massive graviton is constrained to be $λ_g\gtrsim 10^{17}$ m and the mass is constrained to be $m_g\lesssim 10^{-60}$ kg by one year's observation of massive black hole binaries with space-based gravitational wave detectors.
description: 23 pages, 3 tables, 4 figures. Minor changes to match the version published on SCPMA(SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy)
Young AGN outburst running over older X-ray cavities
Creators: name: Bogdan, Akos
name: van Weeren, Reinout J.
name: Kraft, Ralph P.
name: Forman, William R.
name: Randall, Scott
name: Giacintucci, Simona
name: Churazov, Eugene
name: O'Dea, Christopher P.
name: Baum, Stefi A.
name: Noell-Storr, Jacob
name: Jones, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the energetic feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) is believed to have a profound effect on the evolution of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, details of the AGN heating remain elusive. Here, we study NGC 193 - a nearby lenticular galaxy - based on X-ray (Chandra) and radio (VLA and GMRT) observations. These data reveal the complex AGN outburst history of the galaxy: we detect a pair of inner X-ray cavities, an outer X-ray cavity, a shock front, and radio lobes extending beyond the inner cavities. We suggest that the inner cavities were produced ~78 Myr ago by a weaker AGN outburst, while the outer cavity, the radio lobes, and the shock front are due to a younger (13-26 Myr) and (4-8) times more powerful outburst. Combining this with the observed morphology of NGC 193, we conclude that NGC 193 likely represents the first example of a second, more powerful, AGN outburst overrunning an older, weaker outburst. These results help to understand how the outburst energy is dissipated uniformly in the core of galaxies, and therefore may play a crucial role in resolving how AGN outbursts suppress the formation of large cooling flows at cluster centers.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL
Observational Inference on the Delay Time Distribution of Short Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Zevin, Michael
name: Nugent, Anya E.
name: Adhikari, Susmita
name: Fong, Wen-fai
name: Holz, Daniel E.
name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The delay time distribution of neutron star mergers provides critical insights into binary evolution processes and the merger rate evolution of compact object binaries. However, current observational constraints on this delay time distribution rely on the small sample of Galactic double neutron stars (with uncertain selection effects), a single multimessenger gravitational wave event, and indirect evidence of neutron star mergers based on $r$-process enrichment. We use a sample of 68 host galaxies of short gamma-ray bursts to place novel constraints on the delay time distribution and leverage this result to infer the merger rate evolution of compact object binaries containing neutron stars. We recover a power-law slope of $α= -1.83^{+0.35}_{-0.39}$ (median and 90% credible interval) with $α< -1.31$ at 99% credibility, a minimum delay time of $t_\mathrm{min} = 184^{+67}_{-79}~\mathrm{Myr}$ with $t_\mathrm{min} > 72~\mathrm{Myr}$ at 99% credibility, and a maximum delay time constrained to $t_\mathrm{max} > 7.95~\mathrm{Gyr}$ at 99% credibility. We find these constraints to be broadly consistent with theoretical expectations, although our recovered power-law slope is substantially steeper than the conventional value of $α= -1$, and our minimum delay time is larger than the typically assumed value of $10~\mathrm{Myr}$. Pairing this cosmological probe of the fate of compact object binary systems with the Galactic population of double neutron stars will be crucial for understanding the unique selection effects governing both of these populations. In addition to probing a significantly larger redshift regime of neutron star mergers than possible with current gravitational wave detectors, complementing our results with future multimessenger gravitational wave events will also help determine if short gamma-ray bursts ubiquitously result from compact object binary mergers.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, ApJ Letters accepted