Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Carneiro, Eduardo
name: Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo
name: Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik
name: Casagrande, Mirna Martins
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Gallio
Gallio imperatriz

description: Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, sp. nov.   
(Figs. 2, 6, 10, 13)  
 Diagnose: This new species can be immediately distinguished from G. carasta by its smaller size, with the forewing length around 9–10 mm (Fig. 2), and by the unaligned forewing subapical yellow spots in R 3 –M 1 due to the proximal position of the spot R 4 –R 5 (Fig. 2). However, the characters listed above are also present in G. furtadoi sp. nov. and G. eti sp. nov. Thus, G. imperatriz sp. nov. is rightly separated from G. furtadoi sp. nov. and G. eti sp. nov. by its distribution only known to southwestern Maranhão, consequently allopatric from the remain two species, and by the characters from both male and female genitalia including the ampulla with a dorsal hook-shaped projection proximally inclined; distal margin of harpe medially rounded; aedeagus distal opening medially longer and larger; vesica bilobed, producing two long projections covered by several reduced spines of different sizes; lamella antevaginalis bifid from the base producing two long distally divergent arms; ostium bursae proximal; lamella postvaginalis longer than wide, without a distal broad deep indentation, additionally with two short and curved lateral projections; ductus bursae shorter than Gallio carasta with a sclerotization patch within the sinuous part; corpus bursae wider.   
 Description: Forewing length: 9–10 mm. Antenna: nudum 11 to 12. Male genitalia: fenestra reduced. Harpe dorsal projection developed, pointed, posterior projection truncated with a reduced spine. Coecum of aedeagus short, lobed, dorsally straight, slightly curved to the left; distal opening of aedeagus elongated, V-shaped; distal ventral margin of aedeagus medially projected and pointed; vesica bilobed, distally clothed by several reduced spines of different sizes in each lobe. Female genitalia: spiracular opening of eighth tergite closed and ellipsoid. Lamella antevaginalis deeply bifid, with thin and long arms. Distal margin of the lamella postvaginalis with two lateral, short and curved processes. Ductus sinuous and short, with a distinct sclerotization patch within the sinuous part.   
 Types: Holotype male with the following labels:/ HOLOTYPUS / Imperatriz, MA [ranhão, Brazil] 3-VII-1974 Exc[ursão]. Dep[ar]t[ament]o. Zool[ogia]./DZ 31.501 / HOLOTYPUS Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2015/. DZUP.   
 Allotype with the following labels:/ ALLOTYPUS / Imperatriz, MA [ranhão, Brazil] 25-VIII-1974 Exc[ursão]. Dep[ar]t[ament]o. Zool[ogia]./DZ 31.571 / ALLOTYPUS Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2015/. DZUP.   
 Paratypes: BRAZIL – Maranhão: Imperatriz, 1.VII.1974, 1 macho (DZ 31.671), 2.VII.1974, 1 ♀ (DZ 31.631), 3.VII.1974, 1 ♂ (DZ 31.491), 4.VII.1974, 1 ♂ (DZ 31.701), 29.VII.1974, 1 ♀ (DZ 31.581), 5.VIII.1974, 1 ♂ (DZ 31.280), 19.VIII.1974, 1 ♂ (DZ 922), 25.VIII.1974, 1 ♀ (DZ 31.571) all collected by Excursão do Departamento de Zoologia da UFPR.   
 Distribution: Known from a single location in southwestern Maranhão, close to the eastern limits of Amazon forest.   
 Etymology: The name is a reference to the type locality, the only place known for the occurrence of this species.
description: Published as part of Carneiro, Eduardo, Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Taxonomic review of Gallio Evans, 1955 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae): one less monotypic genus of Moncini, pp. 294-300 in Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 59 (4) on pages 298-299, DOI: 10.1016/j.rbe.2015.07.010, http://zenodo.org/record/13194626