Antillocladius musci Mendes, Andersen & Saether, 2004, new species
Creators: name: Humberto F. Mendes
name: Trond Andersen
name: Ole A. Saether
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2004
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chironomidae
Antillocladius
Antillocladius musci

description: Antillocladius musci new species
(Figs 9 A–F, 10A–I, 11A–F, 12A–F) Type material: Holotype male with larva and pupal exuviae, BRAZIL: São Paulo State, Ribeirão Preto, Lake Monte Alegre, 21°11'S, 47°51'W, 5.iii.1997, H.F. Mendes (MZUSP, slide mounted in Euparal). Paratypes: 4 males, 2 females with pupal exuviae, 1 female, 5 larvae, as holotype (ZMBN); 1 male, 7 males with pupal exuviae, as holotype except 28.v.1997 (MZUSP), 4 males, 7 females, 9 pupal exuviae, as holotype except 9.iv.1998 (MZUSP); 3 males, 1 female with larval and pupal exuviae, as holotype except 4.xii.1999 (MZUSP); 3 males, São Paulo State, Ubatuba, 2.i.2001, H.F. Mendes (ZSM); 2 males with larval and pupal exuviae, 7 males with pupal exuviae, 1 male, São Paulo State, São Carlos, 9.xii.1999, H.F. Mendes (FIOCruz, UFSCar); 5 males, São Paulo, Pedregulho, Furna São Pedro, 7.vii.2000, S. Mateus (MZUSP); 2 males, 1 male with pupal exuviae, 3 larvae, 1 pupal exuviae, Minas Gerais State, Uberaba, Peirópolis, Estação Paleontológica, 6.xii.1998, H.F. Mendes (MZUSP); 2 males, São Paulo State, Ubatuba, Praia das Toninhas, 9.xi.2000, sweep net, H.F. Mendes (MZUSP); 5 males, 1 male with larval and pupal exuviae, São Paulo State, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Fazenda Cascata, 4.vi.2000, reared from larvae collected on tree trunks, H.F. Mendes (MZUSP).
Diagnostic characters: The male imago can be separated from other members of the genus by having a few apical setae on the wing membrane; setose squama; acrostichals all scalpellate, starting some distance from antepronotum; long virga; anal point tapering, with strong lateral setae; and inferior volsella rectangular with anterior digitiform projection. The female has divided tergite IX and a wing length of about 2.0 mm. The pupa differs from that of other known species by having antennal sheath with pearl row, and thornlike anal macrosetae more than half as long as the distance by which the male genital sac is overreaching the anal lobe. The larva has about 15 teeth in pecten epipharyngis, mentum with 5 lateral teeth and antennal blade longer than flagellum.
Etymology: From Latin, muscus, moss, indicating the habitat of the larvae.
Male (n = 10).
Total length 2.30–2.71, 2.48 mm. Wing length 1.32–1.55, 1.45 mm. Total length / wing length 1.65–1.75, 1.71. Wing length / length of profemur 2.26–2.50, 2.42. Coloration brown, thorax dark brown.
Head. AR 1.39–1.65, 1.55; ultimate flagellomere 428–544, 531 µm long. Temporal setae 8–16, 12; including 2–4, 3 inner verticals; 1–6, 4 outer verticals; and 4–7, 5 postorbitals. Clypeus with 6–10, 8 setae. Tentorium, stipes and cibarial pump as in Fig. 9 A; tentorium 137–145, 142 µm long; 15–18, 17 µm wide at sieve pore. Stipes 142–156, 147 µm long; 35–47, 41 µm wide. Palpomere lengths in µm: 20–39, 28; 44–59, 51; 94–113,107; 90–101, 98 (8); 120–141, 134 (8). Third palpomere with 2–3, 3 (5) sensilla clavata subapically, longest 14–17, 16 µm long.
Thorax (Fig. 9 B) Antepronotum with 3–6, 5 setae. Dorsocentrals 8–15, 12; acrostichals 12–28, 18, all scalpellate starting close to antepronotum; prealars 3–5, 4. Scutellum with 7–14, 10 setae.
Wing (Fig. 9 C). VR 1.32–1.44, 1.39. Costal extension 41–61, 51 µm long. Brachiolum with 1 seta, R with 0–4, 2 setae; other veins bare. Wing membrane with 0–11, 6 setae in cell r4+5; 0–1, 0 seta in cell r2+3. Squama with 9–16, 12 setae.
Legs. Spur of front tibia 55–65, 61 µm long; spurs of middle tibia 28–35, 31 and 19– 29, 25 µm long; of hind tibia 50–63, 59 and 17–36, 23 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 37–43, 39 µm; of middle tibia 33–41, 38 µm; of hind tibia 45–55, 50 µm. Hind tibial comb with 12–15, 13 setae; shortest seta 17–23, 19 µm long; longest seta 36–48, 42 µm long. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 7.
Hypopygium (Fig. 9 D–F). Anal point 70–85, 79 µm long; 41–48, 46 µm wide at base; with 14–20, 17 strong, lateral setae, void of microtrichia except at base. Laterosternite with 4–8, 6 setae. Phallapodeme 94–108, 103 µm long. Transverse sternapodeme arcuate with rounded oral projections; 103–110, 106 µm long. Virga 80–90, 84 µm long. Gonocoxite 160–172, 167 µm long; with low inferior volsella. Gonostylus 88–119, 100 µm long, megaseta 10–13, 11 µm long. HR 1.53–1.92, 1.65; HV 2.28–2.77, 2.51.
Female (n = 8–10).
Total length 2.04–2.55, 2.32 mm. Wing length 1.39–1.43, 1.41 mm. Total length / wing length 1.44–1.77, 1.59. Wing length / length of profemur 2.17–2.33, 2.27. Colour amber–yellow, antennae brown.
Head (Fig. 10 A). Pedicel length 44–52, 47 µm, width 64–76, 69 µm. Flagellomeres length / width in µm: 68–80, 74 / 32–36, 35; 52–60, 55 / 24–28, 25; 52–64, 56 / 24–28, 26; 52–64, 58 / 24–28, 26; 108–132, 116 / 24; 20–24, 23. AR 0.43–0.50, 0.46. Temporal setae 10–15, 12; including 2–4, 3 inner verticals; 2–5, 3 outer verticals; and 3–7, 5 postorbitals. Clypeus with 6–12, 9 setae. Tentorium, stipes and cibarial pump as in Fig. 10 B; tentorium 124–142, 135 (6) µm long; 11–14, 12 (5) µm wide at sieve pore; 18–26, 21 (5) µm wide at posterior tentorial pit. Stipes 141–145, 142 (5) µm long; 27–35, 33 (5) µm wide. Palpomere lengths in µm: 22–28, 25; 44–51, 49; 69–99, 88; 90–97, 93 (6); 116–120, 117 (5).
Thorax (Fig. 10 C). Antepronotum with 4–7, 5 setae. Dorsocentrals 12–20, 16; acrostichals 18–23, 20, all scalpellate starting close to antepronotum; prealars 3–5, 4. Scutellum with 10–13, 11 setae.
Wing (Fig. 10 D). VR 1.33–1.44, 1.37. Brachiolum with 1 setae, R with 14–19, 16 setae; R1 with 7–13, 10 setae; R4+5 with 19–24, 22 setae; M1+2 with 30–37, 35 setae; M3+4 with 15–25, 18 setae; Cu with 10–14, 12 setae; Cu1 with 8–13, 10 setae; An with 13–20, 15 setae; other veins bare. Cell r4+5 with 109–137, 129 setae; cell m1+2 with 91–151, 112 setae; cell m3+4 with 44–78, 56 setae; cells cu and an together with 36–72, 56 setae. Squama with 8–12, 10 setae.
Legs. Spur of front tibia 39–47, 44 µm long; spurs of middle tibia 29–33, 32 and 25– 28, 26 µm long; of hind tibia 59–65, 61 and 22–25, 23 µm long. Width at apex of front tibia 44–48, 46 µm; of middle tibia 44–47, 46 µm; of hind tibia 57–62, 59 µm. Hind tibial comb with 11–12, 12 setae; shortest seta 19–24, 22 µm long; longest seta 41–49, 47 µm long. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 8.
Genitalia (Fig. 10 E–I). Gonocoxite with 6–10, 8 setae. Tergite IX divided, each side with 11–17, 15 setae. Cercus 65–97, 81 µm long; with 22–25, 23 setae. Seminal capsule 146–157 (3) µm long, including 39–47 (3) µm long neck. Notum 106–116, 112 µm long.
Pupa (n = 10).
Total length 2.92–3.21, 3.05 mm. Colour brownish yellow, legs, antennae and wing sheaths dark brown. Exuviae pale, transparent.
Cephalothorax. Frontal apotome as in Fig. 11 C. Ocular field with three pairs of seta. Antennal sheath with pearl row. Antepronotals 2, about 49 (1) µm long. One prealar, about 46 (1) µm long. Precorneals in single row to narrow triangle (Fig. 11 D), each about 48 (1) µm long; distance between anterior and median seta 7 (1) µm, between median and posterior seta 17 (1) µm, between anterior and posterior seta 22 (1) µm.
Abdomen (Fig. 11 A–B). Numbers of caudal spines on tergites II–VIII as: 20–32, 27; 18–36, 27; 23–37, 30; 17–35, 27; 23–37, 30; 19–30, 24; 19–34, 26. Length of longest caudal spine on tergites II–VIII as: 7–10, 8; 8–11, 9; 8–11, 10; 8–12, 10; 11–17, 13; 11–15, 13; 11–18, 14. Anal lobe (Fig. 11 E–F) with three thorn­like macrosetae 41–47, 44; 33–55, 43 and 41–50, 47 µm long. Male genital sac overreaches anal lobe by 51–72 µm.
Fourth instar larva (n = 6, if not otherwise stated).
Total length 3.3 (1) mm. Head capsule 0.34–0.36 (2) mm long. Postmentum 135–139 (2) µm long. Thoracic segments brown, abdomen and head amber yellow.
Head. Antenna as (Fig. 12 A), segment lengths in µm: 28–32, 31; 13–15,15; 3–4, 3; 2– 3, 2; 2–3, 2. Blade longer than flagellum, 26–29, 28 µm long; apical style of second segment 4–5, 4 µm long. Seta I irregular, nearly palmate (Fig. 12 B); other setae simple; labral lamella inconspicuous. Chaeta media serrate, chaetulae laterales simple, chaetulae basales bifid. Pecten epipharyngis with about 15 teeth. Mandible (Fig. 12 D) 112–124, 117 µm long, with apical tooth and four inner teeth; seta subdentalis triangular; seta interna with 4 strongly serrated branches. Premandible (Fig. 12 E), 48–59, 53 µm long. Mentum (Fig. 12 C) 85–94, 89 µm wide; with irregular median tooth 24–28, 25 µm long and 5 lateral teeth. Ventromental plates small. Seta submenti 33–43, 41 µm long.
Abdomen without distinct setae. Anterior parapods well developed, with strong apical claws. Posterior parapods about 206 (1) µm long, with 33–36 (2) µm long claws (Fig. 12 F). Procerci absent. Longer anal tubules 90–94 (2) µm long, 34 (2) µm wide; shorter anal tubules 64–71 (2) µm long, 23–26 (2) µm wide.
Remarks: This species is common and widespread in the São Paulo State, with specimens from Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, Pedregulho and Ubatuba, and it has also been collected in Uberaba, in the Minas Gerais State. The larvae were collected in moss growing on tree trunks and branches of Bauhinia sp., Tabebuia sp., Mangifera indica, Eugenia jambolana and Caesalpinia sp., and in Ubatuba also in lichens growing on rocks.
Antillocladius pluspilalus Saether
Antillocladius pluspilalus Saether, 1982: 474, Fig. 6 A–E; 1984. Antillocladius pluspilalus Saether; Spies and Reiss 1996: 75.
Material examined: Type material as in Saether (1982). MEXICO: Campeche Province, Reserva de la Biosfera Calakmul, Zona Arqueológica, 18°07'26.7''N, 89°48'56.7''W, 1 male, 20.ix. 1997, 265 m a.s.l., light trap, A. Contreras­Ramos et al. (ZMBN). ECUADOR: Provincia Pichincha, Setor Palmeras, unión Rios Guajalito y Bricador, Bosque Protector Rio Guajalito, 00°14.925'N, 78°48.193'W, 1 male, 4–10.ii.2000, 1900 m a.s.l., light trap, F.M. Quesada (ZMBN).
Diagnostic characters: The male imago can be separated from other members of the genus by having numerous apical setae on the wing membrane; setose squama; acrostichals in the middle of scutum, all more or less scalpellate; long virga; anal point long, tapering, with moderately strong lateral setae; and inferior volsella prominent with anterior digitiform projection equally long as and partly covering rounded posterior lobe. The pupa has thorn­like macrosetae, caudal spines on tergites, no pearl row on antennal sheath, and anal lobe not extended laterally.
Remarks: This species was originally described from southeast USA by Saether (1982) and the immatures by Saether (1984). Later, Spies and Reiss (1996) recorded the species from Nicaragua. The present paper adds records from Ecuador and Mexico. The original description states that all acrostichals are simple, in the present material the posterior acrostichals are clearly scalpellate.
description: Published as part of Humberto F. Mendes, Trond Andersen & Ole A. Saether, 2004, A review of Antillocladius Saether, 1981; Compterosmittia Saether, 1981 and Litocladius new genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae), pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 594 on pages 41-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158827