cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Breakthrough analysis of a structured adsorbent bed
Creators: name: Netprasat, Vorapoj
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objectives of the present study were to compare the adsorption isotherms of various gases on various adsorbents using gravimetric, volumetric, and chromatographic methods: to determine whether the Langmuir isotherm model is appropriate for the N₂ adsorption isotherms up to 300 kPa on zeolite NaX and zeolite LiX; to identify the dominant dynamic behaviour through a laminate bed of these and other adsorbents and to determine the effect of flowrate on the magnitude of the axial dispersion or mass transfer resistance within the laminated bed of adsorbent. The gas adsorption isotherms of CO, and CO₂ on zeolite 13X were obtained using the volumetric, gravimetric, and chromatographic methods. The isotherms obtained from the volumetric and gravimetric methods showed good agreement. The gravimetric method was used to measure adsorption isotherms of N₂ up to 300 kPa for N₂ on zeolite LiX relevant in the air separation industry. The N₂ adsorption capacity of zeolite LiX, obtained in the present study, was higher than the N2 adsorption capacity of NaX or 13X used traditionally for air seperation. The chromatographic method was used to determine the dispersion and mass transfer coefficients in a laminated bed of adsorbent. The results suggested that at low interstitial velocities, υ < 1.7 cm/sec, dispersion dominated, while at high interstitial velocities, υ » 1.7 cm/sec, macropore and micropore mass transfer resistance dominated. Estimated dispersion and external fluid film mass transfer resistances were consistent with literature values. However, the micropore diffusivity obtained was lower than that reported in available literature data. The difference was most likely due to the inaccuracy in the results obtained using only two particle sizes. Furthermore, from the mass transfer resistances obtained for PSA with short cycle times using laminate beds, fast PSA with cycle time of 0.6 to 3 seconds is possible.
MPEC 2024-T291 : 2024 TC16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TC16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Complete Multiwavelength Characterization of Faint Chandra X-ray Sources Seen in the Spitzer Wide-Area IR Extragalactic (SWIRE) Survey
Creators: name: Franceschini, A.
name: Manners, J.
name: Polletta, M.
name: Lonsdale, C. J.
name: Gonzalez-Solares, E.
name: Surace, J.
name: Shupe, D.
name: Fan, F.
name: Xu, C. K.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Berta, S.
name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Perez-Fournon, I.
name: Hatziminaoglou, E.
name: Smith, H. E.
name: Siana, B.
name: Rowan-Robinson, M.
name: Nandra, K.
name: Babbedge, T.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Oliver, S.
name: Wilkes, B.
name: Owe, F.
name: Padgett, D.
name: Frayer, D.
name: Jarrett, T.
name: Masci, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit deep combined observations with Spitzer and Chandra of the SWIRE survey in the ELAIS-N1 region, to investigate the nature of the faint X-ray and IR sources in common, to identify AGN/starburst diagnostics, and to study the sources of the X-ray and IR cosmic backgrounds. In the 17'x17' area of the Chandra ACIS-I image there are 3400 SWIRE near-IR sources with 4 sigma detections in at least 2 IRAC bands and 988 sources detected at 24micron with MIPS brighter than 0.1 mJy. Of these, 102 IRAC and 59 MIPS sources have Chandra counterparts, out of a total of 122 X-ray sources present in the area with S(0.5-8 kev)>10^(-15) erg/cm^2/s. We have constructed SEDs for each source using data from the 4 IRAC wavebands, Chandra fluxes, and optical follow-up data in the wavebands U, g', r', i', Z, and H. We fit a number of spectral templates to the SEDs at optical and infrared wavelengths to determine photometric redshifts and spectral categories, and also make use of diagnostics based on the X-ray luminosities, hardness ratios, X-ray to infrared spectral slopes and optical morphologies. Although we have spectroscopic redshifts for only a minority of the Chandra sources, the available SEDs constrain the redshifts for most of the sample sources, which turn out to be typically at 0.5
description: Accepted for publication in AJ, March 2005 issue
Photonic simulation of giant atom decay
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spontaneous emission of an excited atom in a featureless continuum of electromagnetic modes is a fundamental process in quantum electrodynamics associated with an exponential decay of the quantum emitter to its ground state accompanied by an irreversible emission of a photon. However, such a simple scenario is deeply modified when considering a $^{\prime}$giant$^{\prime}$ atom, i.e an atom whose dimension is larger than the wavelength of the emitted photon. In such an unconventional regime, non-Markovian effects and strong deviations from an exponential decay are observed owing to interference effects arising from non-local light-atom coupling. Here we suggest a photonic simulation of non-Markovian giant atom decay, based on light escape dynamics in an optical waveguide non-locally-coupled to a waveguide lattice. Major effects such as non-exponential decay, enhancement or slowing down of the decay, and formation of atom-field dark states can be emulated in this system
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
A right-handed isotropic medium with a negative refractive index
Creators: name: Chen, Yi-Fan
name: Fischer, Peer
name: Wise, Frank W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sign of the refractive index of any medium is soley determined by the requirement that the propagation of an electromagnetic wave obeys Einstein causality. Our analysis shows that this requirement predicts that the real part of the refractive index may be negative in an isotropic medium even if the electric permittivity and the magnetic permeability are both positive. Such a system may be a route to negative index media at optical frequencies. We also demonstrate that the refractive index may be positive in left-handed media that contain two molecular species where one is in its excited state.
description: 4.1 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
Memory Training
Creators: name: Huarca Thea, Eder Gustavo
name: Lopez Rodriguez, Jheyson
name: Quispe Huaman, Emerson Arturo
name: Rios Castillo, Melany
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: memorama
educational game

description: Póster promocional sobre nuestro juego llamado "Memory Training". El juego es un memorama con la temática de animales en peligro de extinción alrededor de todo el mundo y divididos en continentes, cuenta con diferentes modos de juego y esta principalmente dirigido a los niños pequeños. Disponible Aquí
The Nature of Lya Blobs: Supernova-Dominated Primordial Galaxies
Creators: name: Mori, Masao
name: Umemura, Masayuki
name: Ferrara, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a forming galaxy undergoing multitudinous supernova (SN) explosions, as a possible model of \lya blobs (LABs). For this purpose, an ultra--high resolution hydrodynamic simulation is performed using $1024^3$ grid points, where SN remnants are resolved with sufficient accuracy. It is found that multiple SN explosions produce kpc--size expanding hot bubbles, which drive cool, dense shells by strong shock. The colliding high--density cooling shells radiate intensive \lya emission, resulting in a high \lya luminosity of $\sim10^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, comparable to the observed level in LABs. Also, recently discovered bubbly features in some LABs are quite similar to the structure predicted in the present simulation. Furthermore, the result demonstrates that LABs are representative of evolving primordial galaxies; they could hold direct information on the early chemical enrichment of galaxies, contrary to present--day galaxies which have undergone intense recycling of interstellar matter, thus erasing most of the early chemical history. It turns out that the metal mixing proceeds in a very inhomogeneous fashion, so that there appears a large spread of metallicity, that is,$[{\rm Fe/H}] \approx 0 {\rm ~to} -5$ or $[{\rm O/H}] \approx 1 {\rm ~to} -4$. Hence, the early galactic chemical evolution may have proceeded in a different manner from that hitherto considered in one--zone models.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted fot publicatin in ApJL
Experimental reconstruction of the few-photon nonlinear scattering matrix from a single quantum dot in a nanophotonic waveguide
Creators: name: Jeannic, Hanna Le
name: Ramos, Tomás
name: Simonsen, Signe F.
name: Pregnolato, Tommaso
name: Liu, Zhe
name: Schott, Rüdiger
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Rotenberg, Nir
name: García-Ripoll, Juan José
name: Lodahl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent photon-emitter interfaces offer a way to mediate efficient nonlinear photon-photon interactions, much needed for quantum information processing. Here we experimentally study the case of a two-level emitter, a quantum dot, coupled to a single optical mode in a nanophotonic waveguide. We carry out few-photon transport experiments and record the statistics of the light to reconstruct the scattering matrix elements of 1- and 2-photon components. This provides direct insight to the complex nonlinear photon interaction that contains rich many-body physics.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Regulations Affecting the Movement and Merchandising of Milk: A Study of the Impact of Sanitary Requirements, Federal Orders, State Milk Control Laws, and Truck Laws on Price, Supply, and Consumption
Creators: name: Agricultural Marketing Service
name: Agricultural Marketing Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: The study on which this report is based has two principal objectives: to determine whether and how much various types of laws and regulations interfere with, burden, or obstruct the movement of milk; and whether and how much they interfere with the adoption of less costly or more effective marketing methods. Where possible, the study measures the effect of regulations on price, production, and consumption. When the study was proposed, the Government for about 2 years had been accumulating large and growing stocks of dairy products. To expand the consumption of fluid milk seemed the best way to reduce these stocks and bring satisfactory returns to producers. But in exploring the opportunities for this, questions arose repeatedly about laws, regulations and controls that restrict these opportunities.
Additional file 1 of Local detour centrality: a novel local centrality measure for weighted networks
Creators: name: Cohen, Haim
name: Nachshon, Yinon
name: Naim, Paz M.
name: Jost, Jürgen
name: Saucan, Emil
name: Maril, Anat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Additional results and illustrations.
Absorptive and dispersive optical responses of excitons in a single quantum dot
Creators: name: Alén, B.
name: Högele, A.
name: Kroner, M.
name: Seidl, S.
name: Karrai, K.
name: Warburton, R. J.
name: Badolato, A.
name: Medeiros-Ribeiro, G.
name: Petroff, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have determined both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric polarizability of a single quantum dot. The experiment is based on the observation and the manipulation of Rayleigh scattering at photon frequencies near the resonance of an optical exciton transition in single self-assembled InAs and InGaAs quantum dots. The interference between the narrow-band laser field and the weak electromagnetic field coherently scattered by the quantum dot is detected with a cryogenic Fabry-Perot setup by combined differential transmission and reflectivity measurements.
description: 3 figures
Supplementary Material For: Endocrine regulation of egg rejection in a brood parasite host from Endocrine regulation of egg rejection in an avian brood parasite host
Creators: name: Mikus Abolins-Abols
name: Hauber, Mark E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Parasite-host coevolution can lead to novel behavioural adaptations in hosts to resist parasitism. In avian obligate brood parasite and host systems, many hosts species have evolved diverse cognitive and behavioural traits to recognize and reject parasitic eggs. Our understanding of the evolution and ecology of these defences hinges on our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate them. We hypothesized that corticosterone, a hormone linked to the stress-response, vigilance and the suppression of parental behaviour, stimulates the rejection of foreign eggs by brood parasite hosts. We experimentally reduced circulating glucocorticoid levels with mitotane injections in American robins Turdus migratorius and found that the mitotane-treated birds rejected foreign eggs at a lower frequency compared to the sham-treated subjects. This is the first study to causally identify a potential mechanism of a widespread defence behaviour, and it is consistent with egg rejection being mediated by stress physiology.
Monoenergetic Neutrino Beam for Long Baseline Experiments
Creators: name: Sato, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an electron capture process by a nucleus, emitted neutrinos are monoenergetic. By making use of it, we study how to get a completely monoenergetic neutrino beam in a long baseline experiment.
description: 9 pages, no figure, som typos are corrected, e.g. equation number quoted in table I is corrected
Quiescent Dense Gas in Protostellar Clusters: the Ophiuchus A Core
Creators: name: Di Francesco, James
name: Andre, Philippe
name: Myers, Philip C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present combined BIMA interferometer and IRAM 30 m Telescope data of N2H+ 1-0 line emission across the nearby dense, star forming core Ophiuchus A (Oph A) at high linear resolution (e.g., ~1000 AU). Six maxima of integrated line intensity are detected which we designate Oph A-N1 through N6. The N4 and N5 maxima are coincident with the starless continuum objects SM1 and SM2 respectively but the other maxima are not coincident with previously-identified objects. In contrast, relatively little N2H+ 1-0 emission is coincident with the starless object SM2 and the Class 0 protostar VLA 1623. The FWHM of the N2H+ 1-0 line, Delta V, varies by a factor of ~5 across Oph A. Values of Delta V < 0.3 km/s are found in 14 locations in Oph A, but only that associated with N6 is both well-defined spatially and larger than the beam size. Centroid velocities of the line, V_LSR, vary relatively little, having an rms of only \~0.17 km/s. Small-scale V_LSR gradients of <0.5 km/s over ~0.01 pc are found near SM1, SM1N, and SM2, but not N6. The low N2H+ abundances of SM2 or VLA 1623 relative to SM1, SM1N, or N6 may reflect relatively greater amounts of N2 adsorption onto dust grains in their colder and probably denser interiors. The low Delta V of N6, i.e., 0.193 km/s FWHM, is only marginally larger than the FWHM expected from thermal motions alone, suggesting turbulent motions in the Oph A core have been reduced dramatically at this location. The non-detection of N6 in previous thermal continuum maps suggests that interesting sites possibly related to star formation may be overlooked in such data.
description: LaTex with 7 figures, produces 36 pages. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Typo related to Equation 3 fixed, caused derived values of N(N2H+) and X(N2H+) to be low by factors of ~40%. Conclusions of paper are unchanged
Correlation length of the two-dimensional Ising spin glass with bimodal interactions
Creators: name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
name: Lee, L. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the correlation length of the two-dimensional Edwards-Anderson Ising spin glass with bimodal interactions using a combination of parallel tempering Monte Carlo and a rejection-free cluster algorithm in order to speed up equilibration. Our results show that the correlation length grows ~ exp(2J/T) suggesting through hyperscaling that the degenerate ground state is separated from the first excited state by an energy gap ~4J, as would naively be expected.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Does trust influence consumer behaviour?
Creators: name: Dierks, Leef H.
name: Dierks, Leef H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Farm Management
subject: consumer behaviour
subject: uncertainty
subject: food safety
subject: trust

description: Against the background of diverse food scandals this article investigates the role of trust as a determinant of consumer behaviour in Germany. As empirical analyses indicate, the impact of trust on consumer behaviour in a quotidian and presumably safe setting is to be neglected. In the environment of a food scandal, however, trust proves to be a crucial element with regard to a more in-depth understanding of consumer behaviour under uncertainty. Moreover, it is analysed whether different values of trust allow for deriving coherent population segments and whether these can likewise be identified on the basis of consumers’ socio-economic features.
Space isotropy and weak equivalence principle in a scalar theory of gravity
Creators: name: Arminjon, Mayeul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a preferred-frame bimetric theory in which the scalar gravitational field both influences the metric and has direct dynamical effects. A modified version ("v2") is built, by assuming now a locally-isotropic dilation of physically measured distances, as compared with distances evaluated with the Euclidean space metric. The dynamical equations stay unchanged: they are based on a consistent formulation of Newton's second law in a curved space-time. To obtain a local conservation equation for energy with the new metric, the equation for the scalar field is modified: now its l.h.s. is the flat wave operator. Fluid dynamics is formulated and the asymptotic scheme of post-Newtonian approximation is adapted to v2. The latter also explains the gravitational effects on light rays, as did the former version (v1). The violation of the weak equivalence principle found for gravitationally-active bodies at the point-particle limit, which discarded v1, is proved to not exist in v2. Thus that violation was indeed due to the anisotropy of the space metric assumed in v1.
description: 24 pages. v3: Redactional improvements, e.g. on the balance equation for spatial momentum and on matter production, footnote added in conclusion on rotation effects. Accepted for publication in the Brazil. J. Phys.. v2: Introduction modified, a few wording improvements in the conclusion, references added
Empirische Untersuchungen zum optimalen Spezialisierungsgrad ökologisch wirtschaftender Marktfruchtbetriebe
Creators: name: Francksen, Tammo
name: Gubi, Gunther
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
name: Francksen, Tammo
name: Gubi, Gunther
name: Latacz-Lohmann, Uwe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: organic arable farming
subject: business strategies
subject: optimal degree of specialisation
subject: technology efficiency
subject: Data Envelopment Analysis
subject: Window Analysis

description: This paper employs the concept of technology efficiency to analyse the optimal degree of specialisation of organic arable farms. Based on bookkeeping data from 461 organic farms, three technology specific frontiers (each representing a different degree of specialisation)and an all-encompassing metafrontier are estimated using a combination of Data Envelopment Analysis and Window Analysis. The results indicate that a significant proportion of sample farms have not chosen their optimal degree of specialisation. We quantify the potential productivity gain from switching to the optimal specialisation class. This is highest for moderately specialised farms switching to higher degrees of specialisation. We demonstrate that there are significant differences in the structure of inputs and outputs between farms that have chosen the optimal degree of specialisation and those that have not. We further identify the factors determining whether a farm should switch to a more specialised or a more diversified organisation of enterprises.
A comparative study using state-of-the-art electronic structure theories on solid hydrogen phases under high pressures
Creators: name: Liao, Ke
name: Li, Xin-Zheng
name: Alavi, Ali
name: Grüneis, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying the atomic structure and properties of solid hydrogen under high pressures is a long-standing problem of high-pressure physics with far-reaching significance in planetary and materials science. Determining the pressure-temperature phase diagram of hydrogen is challenging for experiment and theory due to the extreme conditions and the required accuracy in the quantum mechanical treatment of the constituent electrons and nuclei, respectively. Here, we demonstrate explicitly that coupled cluster theory can serve as a computationally efficient theoretical tool to predict solid hydrogen phases with high accuracy. We present a first principles study of solid hydrogen phases at pressures ranging from 100 to 450 GPa. The computed static lattice enthalpies are compared to state-of-the-art diffusion Monte Carlo results and density functional theory calculations. Our coupled cluster theory results for the most stable phases including C2/c-24 and P21/c-24 are in good agreement with those obtained using diffusion Monte Carlo, with the exception of Cmca-4, which is predicted to be significantly less stable. We discuss the scope of the employed methods and how they can contribute as efficient and complementary theoretical tools to solve the long-standing puzzle of understanding solid hydrogen phases at high pressures.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Additional Methods and Results from Plastics everywhere: first evidence of polystyrene fragments inside the common Antarctic collembolan Cryptopygus antarcticus
Creators: name: Bergami, Elisa
name: Rota, Emilia
name: Caruso, Tancredi
name: Birarda, Giovanni
name: Vaccari, Lisa
name: Corsi, Ilaria
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The ESM attached to this manuscript contains additional information about Methods used and Results obtained by µ-FTIR spectroscopy
Bathymetric map and seismic reflection profiles of the southwestern Songliao basin
Creators: name: Qiu, Liang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: (a) Bathymetric map beneath Cretaceous strata of the southwestern Songliao basin, showing the location of seismic sections and boreholes. (b–c) Seismic profiles A–A’ and B–B’ through the Wulatage anticline. TWT: two-way time.
Linear stability of a Berman flow in a channel partially filled with a porous medium
Creators: name: Deng, Chuntao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, the coupled flow of a Newtonian fluid both above and through a porous medium is considered. This work was motivated from a pulp and paper application, namely twin-wire forming. In the fluid-only region, the two-dimensional flow field is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation. In the porous region, the flow field is governed by the Brinkman-extended Darcy law relationship. Inertial terms are retained in both regions and the interface conditions between the two domains are those as outlined by Ochoa- Tapia and Whitaker (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 38, 2635 1995). The model equations were solved using two independent methods. In the first method we develop a similarity transform and reduce the governing equations to two, coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations to form a three-point boundary value problem. This was solved numerically and validated analytically by examining asymptotic cases. Three characteristic solutions were identified and the stability of each was examined by the method of normal modes. In the second numerical approach, the governing equations were re-posed as a one-domain problem, using the procedure outlined by Basu and Khalili (Phys. Fluids 11, 1031 1999), so that the conditions at the interface need not be considered. The resulting equation was solved directly, in primitive variable form, using a finite volume formulation. Finally, an experimental device was constructed to compare to the numerical predictions. Eight test cases were performed, using two different porous media, in which the velocity profile of the fluid was measured using pulsed ultrasound doppler anemometry (PUDA). Good agreement was found between the similarity numerical predications and the experimental measurements.
Uplink and Downlink MIMO-NOMA with Simultaneous Triangularization
Creators: name: Krishnamoorthy, Aravindh
name: Schober, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we consider the uplink and downlink precoder design for two-user power-domain multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems. We propose novel uplink and downlink precoding and decoding schemes that lower the decoding complexity at the receiver by decomposing the MIMO-NOMA channels of the users into multiple single-input single-output (SISO)-NOMA channels via simultaneous triangularization (ST) of the MIMO channels of the users and a low-complexity self-interference cancellation at the receiver. The proposed ST MIMO-NOMA schemes avoid channel inversion at transmitter and receiver and take advantage of the null spaces of the MIMO channels of the users, which is beneficial for the ergodic achievable rate performance. We characterize the maximum ergodic achievable rate regions of the proposed uplink and downlink ST MIMO-NOMA schemes, and compare them with respective upper bounds, baseline MIMO-NOMA precoding schemes, and orthogonal multiple access (OMA). Our results illustrate that the proposed schemes significantly outperform the considered baseline MIMO-NOMA precoding schemes and OMA, and have a small gap to the respective upper bounds for most channel conditions and user rates. Moreover, we show that a hybrid scheme, which performs time sharing between the proposed uplink and downlink ST MIMO-NOMA and single-user MIMO, can improve performance even further.
description: Accepted by the IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. This is the journal version of the submission arXiv:2006.04581 with 33 pages, 10 figures, and 2 tables. For associated code see https://gitlab.com/aravindh.krishnamoorthy/mimo-noma
Experimental implementation of non-Clifford interleaved randomized benchmarking with a controlled-S gate
Creators: name: Garion, Shelly
name: Kanazawa, Naoki
name: Landa, Haggai
name: McKay, David C.
name: Sheldon, Sarah
name: Cross, Andrew W.
name: Wood, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hardware efficient transpilation of quantum circuits to a quantum devices native gateset is essential for the execution of quantum algorithms on noisy quantum computers. Typical quantum devices utilize a gateset with a single two-qubit Clifford entangling gate per pair of coupled qubits, however, in some applications access to a non-Clifford two-qubit gate can result in more optimal circuit decompositions and also allows more flexibility in optimizing over noise. We demonstrate calibration of a low error non-Clifford Controlled-$\fracπ{2}$ phase (CS) gate on a cloud based IBM Quantum computing using the Qiskit Pulse framework. To measure the gate error of the calibrated CS gate we perform non-Clifford CNOT-Dihedral interleaved randomized benchmarking. We are able to obtain a gate error of $5.9(7) \times 10^{-3}$ at a gate length 263 ns, which is close to the coherence limit of the associated qubits, and lower error than the backends standard calibrated CNOT gate.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, references are updated, QPT curve in the Fig. 2 is updated based on new analysis procedure detailed in Appendix B. Conclusions unchanged
Supplement Figures for Broadness and AUC from Comparative micromechanics of bushcricket ears with and without a specialized auditory fovea region in the crista acustica
Creators: name: Scherberich, Jan
name: Taszus, Roxana
name: Stoessel, Alexander
name: Nowotny, Manuela
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: What is the AUC and how to calculate the Broadness of the mechanical responses
Künftige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Milchproduktion im Berggebiet Österreichs und der Schweiz
Creators: name: Kirner, Leopold
name: Gazzarin, Christian
name: Kirner, Leopold
name: Gazzarin, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: competitiveness
subject: milk production
subject: mountain areas
subject: opportunity costs
subject: Austria
subject: Switzerland

description: The mountain areas of Austria and Switzerland are important locations for dairy farming. Owing to natural conditions, the milk in these areas is produced at a considerably higher cost. Nevertheless, structural change in the mountain areas of both countries proceeded at a lower pace than in the plain areas. Milk production in the mountain area of Austria was appreciably expanded. This paper presents a number of attempts to explain these regional shifts, analysing the competitiveness of the farms, as well as the alternatives outside of milk production in the mountain and plain areas of Austria and Switzerland. In addition, we investigate whether milk production in these regions is also capable of holding its ground under future conditions. The on-average lower opportunity costs for land and labour in mountain areas are largely responsible for the high perseverance of dairy farmers in these regions. Common to both countries, however, is the fact that the competitiveness of farms in mountain areas can only be guaranteed by high direct payments. The extent of these direct payments is appreciably higher in Switzerland than in Austria, owing to the expected alignment of Swiss and EU milk prices, and the higher wage level in Switzerland. The high national economic importance of mountain milk production with regard to tourism and decentralised settlement explains the broad social acceptance of these payments, which should be less affected by cutbacks than other agricultural subsidies.
Evaluierung der Übergangsregelung des Herkunftsschutzes bei Agrarprodukten und Lebensmitteln in Europa gemäß Verordnung (EG) Nr. 510/06 und Verbesserungsvorschläge für die anstehende Modifikation
Creators: name: Profeta, Adriano
name: Balling, Richard
name: Profeta, Adriano
name: Balling, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: protection of origin
subject: protected designation of origin
subject: protected geographical indication
subject: regulation (EC) Nr. 510/06
subject: executive regulation (EC) Nr. 1898/06

description: With the coming-into-effect of regulation (EC) Nr. 510/06 from the 20th March 2006 and the executive regulation (EG) Nr. 1898/06 the community-wide protection of geographical indications and designations of origin for agricultural products and foods received a new legal basis. The new regulation replaces the old regulation (EG) Nr. 2081/92. Because some of the changes have great significance for new applications of producer groups and for their communication policy in this paper the most important modifications will be presented and evaluated. Furthermore proposals for possible future modifications are discussed.
Museo Ñawpaqi Wasi
Creators: name: MIRANDA CALLO EDSON PEDRO, PANOCCA MERMA JHON FRANKLIN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Museo

description: El impacto de los videojuegos en la sociedad hoy en día es tan importante que cada vez más seguido los desarrolladores se están orientando por esta idea. El Perú es una fuente de creación inagotable, tanto escritores, pintores, fotógrafos y cineastas se han rendido sucesivamente a la rica historia de este país; y los desarrolladores de juegos no es una excepción.
 Ñawpaqi Wasi nace de la idea de hacer conocer más nuestra historia y cultura por medio de videojuegos. Inicialmente se espera tener algunos juegos preliminares, y poco a poco ir teniendo mejor visión para poder añadir más. La escalabilidad de este juego es un detalle importante, pues no solo se va a tratar de jugar 1 o 2 minijuegos, sino que mientras se implementen más de estos se mostrarán también más funcionalidades, como niveles, dificultad, etc.
 El público objetivo va desde niños que logren comprender la realidad, hasta adultos mayores que deseen conocer más de su cultura. La interactividad de aprender mediante juegos es una idea que se viene desarrollando estas últimas décadas, pues los libros ya están quedando un poco desfasados. Link itch.io:https://edson92.itch.io/museo
Infrared color separation between thin-shelled oxygen-rich and carbon-rich AGB stars
Creators: name: Lewis, Megan O.
name: Pihlström, Ylva M.
name: Sjouwerman, Loránt O.
name: Quiroga-Nuñez, Luis Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 43 GHz VLA spectra for 51 AGB sources with the goal of verifying an infrared (IR) color cut intended to separate Carbon-rich (C) and Oxygen-rich (O) AGB sources throughout the Galaxy. The color cut is a simple line in the $[K_s]-[A]$ versus $[A]-[E]$ color-color diagram based on 2MASS and MSX photometry, and was originally derived from SiO detection rates in the Bulge Asymmetries and Dynamical Evolution (BAaDE) sample. The division is fully supported by the spectra presented here, which show that SiO maser detections lie on the O-rich side, and SiO nondetections and a single HC$_3$N detection are found on the C-rich side of the division. We further compare the color cut with classifications of the sources based on Low-Resolution Spectra (LRS) from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), and find good agreement, verifying that the division is a reliable and efficient method for differentiating O- and C-rich AGB sources. These observations also demonstrate that single lines detected in the BAaDE survey around 42.9 GHz are almost certainly the $^{29}$SiO v=0 line. SiO maser sources where this rare isotopologue transition is brighter than the dominant $^{28}$SiO lines have not been reported before, and our observations show that these sources can reverse their behavior such that the typical ratios of $^{28}$SiO and $^{29}$SiO are restored within a few years.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures accepted to ApJ
The Electron Glass in a Switchable Mirror: Relaxation, Aging and Universality
Creators: name: Lee, M.
name: Oikonomou, P.
name: Segalova, P.
name: Rosenbaum, T. F.
name: Hoekstra, A. F. Th.
name: Littlewood, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare earth hydride YH$_{3-δ}$ can be tuned through the metal-insulator transition both by changing $δ$ and by illumination with ultraviolet light. The transition is dominated by strong electron-electron interactions, with transport in the insulator sensitive to both a Coulomb gap and persistent quantum fluctuations. Via a systematic variation of UV illumination time, photon flux, Coulomb gap depth, and temperature, we demonstrate that polycrystalline YH$_{3-δ}$ serves as a model system for studying the properties of the interacting electron glass. Prominent among its features are logarithmic relaxation, aging, and universal scaling of the conductivity.
Random Partitioning Forest for Point-Wise and Collective Anomaly Detection -- Application to Intrusion Detection
Creators: name: Marteau, Pierre-Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose DiFF-RF, an ensemble approach composed of random partitioning binary trees to detect point-wise and collective (as well as contextual) anomalies. Thanks to a distance-based paradigm used at the leaves of the trees, this semi-supervised approach solves a drawback that has been identified in the isolation forest (IF) algorithm. Moreover, taking into account the frequencies of visits in the leaves of the random trees allows to significantly improve the performance of DiFF-RF when considering the presence of collective anomalies. DiFF-RF is fairly easy to train, and excellent performance can be obtained by using a simple semi-supervised procedure to setup the extra hyper-parameter that is introduced. We first evaluate DiFF-RF on a synthetic data set to i) verify that the limitation of the IF algorithm is overcome, ii) demonstrate how collective anomalies are actually detected and iii) to analyze the effect of the meta-parameters it involves. We assess the DiFF-RF algorithm on a large set of datasets from the UCI repository, as well as two benchmarks related to intrusion detection applications. Our experiments show that DiFF-RF almost systematically outperforms the IF algorithm, but also challenges the one-class SVM baseline and a deep learning variational auto-encoder architecture. Furthermore, our experience shows that DiFF-RF can work well in the presence of small-scale learning data, which is conversely difficult for deep neural architectures. Finally, DiFF-RF is computationally efficient and can be easily parallelized on multi-core architectures.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1705.03800
Additional results figures from Emergence of cascading dynamics in interacting tipping elements of ecology and climate
Creators: name: Klose, Ann Kristin
name: Karle, Volker
name: Winkelmann, Ricarda
name: Donges, Jonathan F.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Further results of numerical simulations complementing those shown in the paper.
Shear-driven magnetic buoyancy in the solar tachocline: Dependence of the mean electromotive force on diffusivity and latitude
Creators: name: Duguid, Craig D.
name: Bushby, Paul J.
name: Wood, Toby S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The details of the dynamo process that is responsible for driving the solar magnetic activity cycle are still not fully understood. In particular, whilst differential rotation provides a plausible mechanism for the regeneration of the toroidal (azimuthal) component of the large-scale magnetic field, there is ongoing debate regarding the process that is responsible for regenerating the Sun's large-scale poloidal field. Our aim is to demonstrate that magnetic buoyancy, in the presence of rotation, is capable of producing the necessary regenerative effect. Building upon our previous work, we carry out numerical simulations of a local Cartesian model of the tachocline, consisting of a rotating, fully compressible, electrically conducting fluid with a forced shear flow. An initially weak, vertical magnetic field is sheared into a strong, horizontal magnetic layer that becomes subject to magnetic buoyancy instability. By increasing the Prandtl number we lessen the back reaction of the Lorentz force onto the shear flow, maintaining stronger shear and a more intense magnetic layer. This in turn leads to a more vigorous instability and a much stronger mean electromotive force, which has the potential to significantly influence the evolution of the mean magnetic field. These results are only weakly dependent upon the inclination of the rotation vector, i.e. the latitude of the local Cartesian model. Although further work is needed to confirm this, these results suggest that magnetic buoyancy in the tachocline is a viable poloidal field regeneration mechanism for the solar dynamo.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Imaging Metasurfaces based on Graphene-Loaded Slot Antennas
Creators: name: Goldstein, Jordan A.
name: Englund, Dirk R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral imagers, the classic example being the color camera, are ubiquitous in everyday life. However, most such imagers rely on filter arrays that absorb light outside each spectral channel, yielding ~1/N efficiency for an N-channel imager. This is especially undesirable in thermal infrared (IR) wavelengths, where sensor detectivities are low, as well as in highly compact systems with small entrance pupils. Diffractive optics or interferometers can enable efficient spectral imagers, but such systems are too bulky for certain applications. We propose an efficient and compact thermal infrared spectral imager comprising a metasurface composed of sub-wavelength-spaced, differently-tuned slot antennas coupled to photosensitive elements. Here, we demonstrate this idea using graphene, which features a photoresponse up to thermal IR wavelengths. The combined antenna resonances yield broadband absorption in the graphene exceeding the 1/N efficiency limit. We establish a circuit model for the antennas' optical properties and demonstrate consistency with full-wave simulations. We also theoretically demonstrate broadband ~36% free space-to-graphene coupling efficiency for a six-spectral-channel metasurface. This research paves the way towards compact CMOS-integrable thermal IR spectral imagers.
The completed SDSS-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: 1000 multi-tracer mock catalogues with redshift evolution and systematics for galaxies and quasars of the final data release
Creators: name: Zhao, Cheng
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Bautista, Julian
name: de Mattia, Arnaud
name: Raichoor, Anand
name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Hou, Jiamin
name: Neveux, Richard
name: Tao, Charling
name: Burtin, Etienne
name: Dawson, Kyle S.
name: de la Torre, Sylvain
name: Gil-Marín, Héctor
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Rossi, Graziano
name: Tamone, Amélie
name: Tinker, Jeremy L.
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
name: Alam, Shadab
name: Mueller, Eva-Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We produce 1000 realizations of synthetic clustering catalogues for each type of the tracers used for the baryon acoustic oscillation and redshift space distortion analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys-IV extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey final data release (eBOSS DR16), covering the redshift range from 0.6 to 2.2, to provide reliable estimates of covariance matrices and test the robustness of the analysis pipeline with respect to observational systematics. By extending the Zel'dovich approximation density field with an effective tracer bias model calibrated with the clustering measurements from the observational data, we accurately reproduce the two- and three-point clustering statistics of the eBOSS DR16 tracers, including their cross-correlations in redshift space with very low computational costs. In addition, we include the gravitational evolution of structures and sample selection biases at different redshifts, as well as various photometric and spectroscopic systematic effects. The agreements on the auto-clustering statistics between the data and mocks are generally within 1 $σ$ variances inferred from the mocks, for scales down to a few $h^{-1}\,{\rm Mpc}$ in configuration space, and up to $0.3\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ in Fourier space. For the cross correlations between different tracers, the same level of consistency presents in configuration space, while there are only discrepancies in Fourier space for scales above $0.15\,h\,{\rm Mpc}^{-1}$. The accurate reproduction of the data clustering statistics permits reliable covariances for multi-tracer analysis.
description: 25 pages, 22 figures; updated to match the version accepted for publication at MNRAS