Evaluations of Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Hydro-Ethanolic Seed Extracts of Albizia Gummifera And Millettia Ferruginea on Blood, Heart And Small Intestine of Albino Wistar Rats
Creators: name: Getu, Molla
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2016

description: Background: In Ethiopia there are large numbers of plants having medicinal values; among them are Albizia gummifera and Millettia ferruginia. The effect of seeds extracts of these plants on blood parameters and organs such as heart and small intestine is not fully investigated. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxic effects of hydro-ethanolic (70%) seed extracts of A. gummifera and M. ferruginea on the heart, small intestine and on some blood parameters in albino wistar rats. Method: Seeds were collected from different areas of Ethiopia. They were dried and crushed to powder and macerated with hydro-alcohol and placed in orbital shaker. The extract was then filtered, evaporated to dryness by Rota vapor and further concentrated by water bath at 40oc. The gummy residue extract was weighed and packed in air tight brown glass bottles with proper label and kept at 4 Oc. The sample size for the study was 158 rats.To determine the LD50 of the extract, 108 female rats were treated with different doses of the extracts. For the sub-chronic toxicity study, 50 rats (25 male and 25 female) were administered at doses of 125 mg/kg/day and 250 mg/kg/day for 90 days. Hematological analysis was performed usingautomatic hematology analyzer, cell-DYN-3700 (Abbott Diagnostic Division, USA) and clinical chemistry analyzer, Human star 80 (Human GmbH, Germany) was used to determine biochemical parametrs. Data was cleaned, entered and analyzed using SPSS 16.Finally, the animals were quickly dissected. Heart and small intestine were carefully removed. Portions of these organs were fixed in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Result: The LD50 of A. gummifera and M. ferrugina were found to be 4000 mg/kg and 3500 mg/kg, respectively. The seed extract of A. gummifera decreased the MCH (P&lt;0.05) in the male rats at 125 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg doses; MCHC at both doses in the female rats; and MCH in the female rats at higher dose but increased RDW-CV in the male rats at all doses. Furthermore, it increased neutrophil at the highest dose in both female and male. The seed extract of M. ferruginea decreased the MCHC and monocyte (p &lt; 0.05) of female rats at the highest doses. But CK, ALP, ALT and Urea were significantly elevated in female rats administered with 250 mg/kg of M. ferruginea seed extract. Whereas, seed extract of A. gummifera increased CK and urea in male rats at 250 mg/kg. Some histopathological changes in heart and small intestine were also observed for both plants extracts. Conclusion:This study suggests that 70% hydro-ethanolic seed extracts of A. gummifera and M. ferruginea may slightly induce anemia and inflammation, maybe phytotoxic to the heart, liver and kidneys that resulted in a rise in serumCK, ALP, ALT and Urea at high dose and cardiac and small intestinal tissue damage at all doses. Further studies would be needed to isolate the active ingredients which cause the toxicities. Key words: A. gummifera, M. ferruginea, Seed, hydroethanolic extract, Toxicity, Wistar Albino Rats