cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Back to the future, or the past? : on the re-periperalization of Central-East Europe
Creators: name: Starrs, Sean
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: It is common for many commentators in the Western establishment to claim that "communism" collapsed in eastern Europe in 1989-91, and that the region henceforth is finally able to embark upon the path to the "free market", to join the hallowed halls of Western liberal "democracy". In addition, there is much credence given to the idea of the former state-socialists' rightful "Return to Europe" after half a century of "totalitarianism", now that much of at least central-east Europe is subsumed within the European Union. Underpinning many of these assertions is the ideology of modernization, that is, the beliefsystem that a given nation-state's "development" can follow a lineal evolution if a certain set of policy prescriptions are followed, and develop from industrializing to industrialized to advanced industrialized (or post-industrial). More often than not, the criteria to be a fullyfledged advanced industrialized country, or whatever other relevant stage at the apogee of progress, is simply a description of the West. The ideology of modernization can be divided into two opposing camps: neoliberalism and neomercantilism. Both advocate policy prescriptions to modernize a country (or so they claim); both theorize without any conceptualization of the projection of power in international relations. It is the central purpose of this thesis to provide an alternative to the above assertions, ideologies, and assumptions, by using the tools of analysis from mainly world-systems theory. The thesis argues that the "collapse" of state-socialism in central-east Europe should in fact be seen as its destruction, by certain processes and logics inherent to the capitalist world-economy. In particular, an analysis of the reconstitution of the world order by the core- particularly the hegemon- beginning in the 1970s and firmly established by the 1990swhat many misleadingly refer to as "globalization"- is crucial if we are to understand what is happening in central-east Europe (and indeed the world) today the return of its centuries old peripheral status in relation to the core, i.e. its re-peripheralization. Hence, this thesis concludes that we must look back to the past, not the future, in order to understand- and possibly change- the present. Key Words: Central-East Europe; Eastern Europe; European Enlargement; Globalization; International Political Economy, Modernization Theory, Neoliberalism; Poland; Post- Socialist Transformation; Transition Studies; World-Systems Theory.
Numerical Modelling of Satellite Downlink Signals in a Finslerian-Perturbed Schwarzschild Spacetime
Creators: name: Abraham, Ingo
name: Hasse, Wolfgang
name: Plato, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83B05 (Primary) 53B40, 83D05 (Secondary)

description: The work presented in this paper aims to contribute to the problem of testing Finsler gravity theories by means of experiments and observations in the solar system. Within a class of spherically symmetric static Finsler spacetimes we consider a satellite with an on-board atomic clock, orbiting in the Finslerian-perturbed gravitational field of the earth, whose time signal is transmitted to a ground station, where its receive time and frequency are measured with respect to another atomic clock. This configuration is realized by the Galileo 5 and 6 satellites that have gone astray and are now on non-circular orbits. Our method consists in the numerical integration of the satellite's orbit, followed by an iterative procedure which provides the numerically integrated signals, i.e., null geodesics, from the satellite to the ground station. One of our main findings is that for orbits that are considerably more eccentric than the Galileo 5 and 6 satellite orbits, Finslerian effects can be separated from effects of perturbations of the Schwarzschild spacetime within the Lorentzian geometry. We also discuss the separation from effects of non-gravitational perturbations. This leads us to the conclusion that observations of this kind combined with appropriate numerical modelling can provide suitable tests of Finslerian modifications of general relativity.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE INTERNET OF THINGS: TRANSFORMATIVE STRATEGIES FOR ADDRESSING TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Creators: name: Xasanov, Ibrohim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) represents a transformative shift in technological innovation, enabling advanced capabilities for interconnected systems across industries. However, this integration also introduces critical challenges that demand immediate attention. IoT ecosystems face significant cybersecurity vulnerabilities due to their expansive attack surface and inconsistent security protocols. Scalability issues arise as billions of devices generate massive amounts of data, placing unprecedented strain on existing network infrastructures. Additionally, interoperability gaps stemming from fragmented ecosystems and proprietary technologies hinder seamless communication between devices, limiting the potential of IoT. Moreover, the environmental impact of large-scale IoT deployment raises concerns regarding energy consumption, electronic waste, and sustainability. AI-driven solutions offer promising strategies to address these challenges. By leveraging predictive analytics, machine learning, and edge computing, AI enhances cybersecurity, optimizes scalability, and facilitates interoperability in IoT systems. Furthermore, AI promotes sustainability through intelligent energy management and lifecycle optimization of IoT devices.
Additional file 1 of Parkinson’s disease-associated alterations of the gut microbiome predict disease-relevant changes in metabolic functions
Creators: name: Baldini, Federico
name: Hertel, Johannes
name: Sandt, Estelle
name: Thinnes, Cyrille C.
name: Lorieza Neuberger-Castillo
name: Pavelka, Lukas
name: Betsou, Fay
name: Rejko Krüger
name: Thiele, Ines
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Extended results on microbial abundance analyses (Fig. S1, S2, and S3) and background information about characteristics of the community models and read counts (Tables S1, S2, S3, and S4).
Coarse Nonlinear Dynamics and Metastability of Filling-Emptying Transitions: Water in Carbon Nanotubes
Creators: name: Sriraman, Saravanapriyan
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
name: Hummer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics (CMD) approach we study the apparent nonlinear dynamics of water molecules filling/emptying carbon nanotubes as a function of system parameters. Different levels of the pore hydrophobicity give rise to tubes that are empty, water-filled, or fluctuate between these two long-lived metastable states. The corresponding coarse-grained free energy surfaces and their hysteretic parameter dependence are explored by linking MD to continuum fixed point and bifurcation algorithms. The results are validated through equilibrium MD simulations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; accepted version
Phenomenological model of motility by spatiotemporal modulation of active interactions
Creators: name: Schildknecht, Dominik
name: Thomson, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport at microscopic length scales is essential in biological systems and various technologies, including microfluidics. Recent experiments achieved self-organized transport phenomena in microtubule active matter using light to modulate motor-protein activity in time and space. Here, we introduce a novel phenomenological model to explain such experiments. Our model, based on spatially modulated particle interactions, reveals a possible mechanism for emergent transport phenomena in light-controlled active matter, including motility and contraction. In particular, the model's analytic treatment elucidates the conservation of the center of mass of activated particles as a fundamental mechanism of material transport and demonstrates the necessity of memory for sustained motility. Furthermore, we generalize the model to explain other phenomena, like microtubule aster-aster interactions induced by more complicated activation geometries. Our results demonstrate that the model provides a possible foundation for the phenomenological understanding of light-controlled active matter, and it will enable the design and optimization of transport protocols for active matter devices.
Costing water quality improvements with auction mechanisms: case studies for the Great Barrier Reef in Australia
Creators: name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: auctions
subject: conservation tenders
subject: market based instruments
subject: water quality

description: Australian governments continue to commit significant resources to the protection of the Great Barrier Reef. Funding for the Reef Rescue Programme is focused on reducing the impact of agricultural production on water quality. Information about the costs and benefits of funding proposals is limited. As a result, the key challenge for policy makers is to identify where funding is most efficiently applied. While there is adequate information about the costs of various inputs for reducing water quality, the costs of achieving various outputs is much more limited. Water quality tenders show the opportunity costs of changing agricultural practices. They allow policy makers to better understand the potential costs of misallocating public resources. It also helps them find better ways to improve water quality. Four pilot applications of tenders to improve water quality flowing into the Great Barrier Reef in Australia demonstrate how they can be used to reveal opportunity costs. The results demonstrate the potential for opportunity costs to vary substantially between agricultural producers, and across industries, catchments and pollutants.
Group actions on central simple algebras: a geometric approach
Creators: name: Reichstein, Zinovy
name: Vonessen, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 16K20, 16W22

description: We study actions of linear algebraic groups on central simple algebras using algebro-geometric techniques. Suppose an algebraic group G acts on a central simple algebra A of degree n. We are interested in questions of the following type: (a) Do the G-fixed elements form a central simple subalgebra of A of degree n? (b) Does A have a G-invariant maximal subfield? (c) Does A have a splitting field with a G-action, extending the G-action on the center of A? Somewhat surprisingly, we find that under mild assumptions on A and the actions, one can answer these questions by using techniques from birational invariant theory (i.e., the study of group actions on algebraic varieties, up to equivariant birational isomorphisms). In fact, group actions on central simple algebras turn out to be related to some of the central problems in birational invariant theory, such as the existence of sections, stabilizers in general position, affine models, etc. In this paper we explain these connections and explore them to give partial answers to questions (a)-(c).
description: 33 pages. Final version, to appear in Journal of Algebra. Includes a short new section on Brauer-Severi varieties
Learning the Structure of Auto-Encoding Recommenders
Creators: name: Khawar, Farhan
name: Poon, Leonard Kin Man
name: Zhang, Nevin Lianwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autoencoder recommenders have recently shown state-of-the-art performance in the recommendation task due to their ability to model non-linear item relationships effectively. However, existing autoencoder recommenders use fully-connected neural network layers and do not employ structure learning. This can lead to inefficient training, especially when the data is sparse as commonly found in collaborative filtering. The aforementioned results in lower generalization ability and reduced performance. In this paper, we introduce structure learning for autoencoder recommenders by taking advantage of the inherent item groups present in the collaborative filtering domain. Due to the nature of items in general, we know that certain items are more related to each other than to other items. Based on this, we propose a method that first learns groups of related items and then uses this information to determine the connectivity structure of an auto-encoding neural network. This results in a network that is sparsely connected. This sparse structure can be viewed as a prior that guides the network training. Empirically we demonstrate that the proposed structure learning enables the autoencoder to converge to a local optimum with a much smaller spectral norm and generalization error bound than the fully-connected network. The resultant sparse network considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art methods like \textsc{Mult-vae/Mult-dae} on multiple benchmarked datasets even when the same number of parameters and flops are used. It also has a better cold-start performance.
description: Proceedings of The Web Conference 2020
Developing a Research and Action Agenda for Examining Urbanization and Caregiving: Examples from Southern and Eastern Africa
Creators: name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Slack, Alison
name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Garrett, James L.
name: Slack, Alison
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Child Feeding
subject: Food handling
subject: Urban health
subject: Urbanization
subject: Education
subject: Research
subject: Gender
subject: Health and Nutrition
subject: Childcare and work
subject: Livelihoods
subject: Urban programming

description: The UNICEF-expanded model for nutrition is used to analyze the circumstances of care in urban environments. The model postulates that there are six major types of care behaviors: feeding and breast-feeding, food preparation and handling, hygiene behavior, psychosocial care, care for women, and home health practices. These behaviors require the resources of education and knowledge of the caregivers, the physical and mental health of caregivers, autonomy in decisionmaking, time availability, and the social support of the family and community in order to ensure adequate care for the child. This paper describes each of these constraints, and two of the behaviors (feeding and health care utilization) in urban and rural areas. Data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in eight countries in Eastern and Southern Africa were used to illustrate how existing data can be used to examine care, and what research questions remain to be addressed to understand care in the urban setting. A number of differences favor the urban environment over the rural environment: in general, child malnutrition is less (though this may not be true in poor urban areas), maternal education levels are higher, and knowledge of health care practices is greater. On the other hand, breast-feeding seems to be less frequent and of shorter duration. It is argued that care may be even more important in urban rather than rural settings for child health and survival in low-income neighborhoods. Caution is needed when comparing urban and rural areas, however, because there are often enormous care, health, and nutrition differences between poor-income and middle-to-high-income areas of cities. Through the application of the expanded UNICEF model, a research agenda was developed.
Classical Dissipation and Asymptotic Equilibrium via Interaction with Chaotic Systems
Creators: name: Bonanca, M. V. S.
name: de Aguiar, M. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy flow between a one dimensional oscillator and a chaotic system with two degrees of freedom in the weak coupling limit. The oscillator's observables are averaged over an initially microcanonical ensemble of trajectories of the chaotic system, which plays the role of an environment for the oscillator. We show numerically that the oscillator's average energy exhibits irreversible dynamics and `thermal' equilibrium at long times. We use linear response theory to describe the dynamics at short times and we derive a condition for the absorption or dissipation of energy by the oscillator from the chaotic system. The equilibrium properties at long times, including the average equilibrium energies and the energy distributions, are explained with the help of statistical arguments. We also check that the concept of temperature defined in terms of the `volume entropy' agrees very well with these energy istributions.
description: revised text, new references, 36 pages, 9 figures
title: Data: Management of Experimental Workflows in Robotic Cultivation Platforms
Creators: name: Kaspersetz, Lucas
name: Englert, Britta
name: Krah, Fabian
name: Martinez, Ernesto C.
name: Neubauer, Peter
name: Cruz Bournazou, M. Nicolas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: e. coli
subject: fed-batch
subject: elastin like protein
subject: bioprocess development
subject: robotic cultivation
subject: Futtermischung

description: This work contains data for parallel fed-batch cultivations as partly presented in the work titled "Management of Experimental Workflows in Robotic Cultivation". Six parallel E. coli BL21(DE3) fed-batch cultivations producing elastin like proteins.
The impact of CMEs on the critical frequency of F2-layer ionosphere (foF2)
Creators: name: Seyoum, Alene
name: Gopalswamy, Nat
name: Nigussie, Melessew
name: Mezgebe, Nigusse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionospheric critical frequency (foF2) from ionosonde measurements at geographic high, middle, and low latitudes is analyzed with the occurrence of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in long term variability of the solar cycles. We observed trends of monthly maximum foF2 values and monthly averaged values of CME parameters such as speed, angular width, mass, and kinetic energy with respect to time. The impact of CMEs on foF2 is very high at high latitudes and low at low latitudes. The time series for monthly maximum foF2 and monthly-averaged CME speed is moderately correlated at high and middle latitudes.
Better Rich, or Better There? : Grandparent Wealth, Coresidence, and Intrahousehold Allocation
Creators: name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Resource Allocation
subject: Gender issues
subject: Education
subject: Gender
subject: Property rights
subject: Household Resource Allocation

description: This paper uses three-generation retrospective data from the rural Philippines to examine the role of the extended family, proxied by alternative measures of grandparent coresidence, on investments in children. An extension of the wealth model of intergenerational transfers shows that extended family resources may affect transfers to children if parents are credit constrained. Family-level unobservables are important in determining the allocation of education and land between sons and daughters. Both parent and grandparent pre-marriage wealth affect children’s completed schooling levels. Grandparent wealth, however, does not seem to affect the distribution of education between sons and daughters, although it affects the allocation of land. Grandparent influence on child schooling appears to work through proximity rather than through wealth. Sons are clearly favored in terms of land inheritance, while daughters get more education. Better educated fathers favor daughters in terms of education, while mothers with more land favor sons. These patterns are consistent with both equity and efficiency objectives, investment in children under resource constraints, and parents' risk-diversification strategies.
Coccinella lama Kapur
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Coccinella
Coccinella lama

description: Coccinella lama Kapur
(Fig. 53c)
Coccinella lama Kapur, 1963: 35 (Holotype male, BMNH; Type locality: Tibet); Poorani 2002a: 325.
Diagnosis. Length: 4.50 mm; width: 3.30 mm. Form subovate, moderately convex, similar to Coccinella magnopunctata Rybakow but slightly narrower anteriorly and smaller. Head black with a pair of frontal white spots. Pronotum black, anterolaterally with a subquadrate white area with a wavy margin; scutellar shield black; elytra reddish testaceous with a large, inverted heart-shaped black macula with a whitish, semi-circular to subtriangular basal mark on either side of the scutellar shield; each elytron with four black spots arranged in a ½-1-1-1 pattern as illustrated in Fig. 53c (From Kapur 1963). Genitalia not studied.
Distribution. Tibet, Mount Everest.
Note. Kapur (1963) described it in detail with illustrations of the habitus and the genitalia and provided comparative diagnostic notes to separate it from C. magnopunctata and C. septempunctata.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502
Additional file 2 of Are patients on oral anticoagulation therapy aware of its effects? A cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan
Creators: name: Zahid, Ibrahim
name: Hassan, Syed Wajih Ul
name: Bhurya, Nida Sehar
name: Alam, Sheena Nadeem
name: Choudhary Ahmed Hasan
name: Bakht Hussain Shah
name: Fasiha Bakhtawar Fatima
name: Ahmed, Ayesha
name: Hassan, Syed Sabih Ul
name: Javeria Hayat
name: Aqsa Zulfiqar
name: Rija Sheikh
name: Momin Aziz
name: Rabbia Siddiqi
name: Kaneez Fatima
name: Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Knowledge scores.
Projective integral models of Shimura varieties of Hodge type with compact factors
Creators: name: Vasiu, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10, 11G18, 14F30, 14G35, 14K10, 14K15, and 14J20

description: Let $(G,X)$ be a Shimura pair of Hodge type such that $G$ is the Mumford--Tate group of some elements of $X$. We assume that for each simple factor $G_0$ of $G^{\ad}$ there exists a simple factor of $G_{0\dbR}$ which is compact. Let $N\Ge 3$. We show that for many compact open subgroups $K$ of $G(\dbA_f)$, the Shimura variety $\Sh(G,X)/K$ has a projective integral model $\scrN$ over $\dbZ[{1\over N}]$ which is a finite scheme over a certain Mumford moduli scheme $\scrA_{g,1,N}$. Equivalently, we show that if $A$ is an abelian variety over a number field and if the Mumford--Tate group of $A_{\dbC}$ is $G$, then $A$ has potentially good reduction everywhere. The last result represents significant progress towards the proof of a conjecture of Morita. If $\scrN$ is smooth over $\dbZ[{1\over N}]$, then it is a Néron model of its generic fibre. In this way one gets in arbitrary mixed characteristic, the very first examples of general nature of projective Néron models whose generic fibres are not finite schemes over abelian varieties.
description: 24 pages, final version accepted for publication in Crelle
Additional file 6 of MicroRNA and mRNA profiling in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Creators: name: Parkes, Joanna E.
name: Thoma, Anastasia
name: Lightfoot, Adam P.
name: Day, Philip J.
name: Chinoy, Hector
name: Lamb, Janine A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6: Table S1. Assays used in RTqPCR experiments The assay IDs for the TaqMan® Advanced miRNA assays and gene expression assays used to assess reference genes (‘Reference selection’), for validation of microRNA (‘miRNA validation’) and targets (‘mRNA validation’) found to be dysregulated in RNA sequencing of whole blood from idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients compared to controls and used to assess expression in human skeletal muscle cells transfected with miRNA mimic compared to cells transfected with negative control miRNA mimic (‘Transfection’). Table S2. RTqPCR to validate microRNA identified in RNA sequencing in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients versus controls PM Polymyositis, DM Dermatomyositis, IBM Inclusion body myositis, Anti-Jo1 Subset of PM and DM with anti-Jo1 autoantibodies, IIM Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, DE Differentially expressed RTqPCR was performed on total RNA from 6 PM and 5 DM (including 5 anti-Jo-1), 4 IBM, and 4 control whole blood samples. The RTqPCR results are presented next to the RNA sequencing results for these microRNA for comparison. Expression fold change was calculated using the 2-∆∆Ct method and then converted to Log2 fold change values. P-values were calculated using an independent T-test on delta Ct values from each sample (Experimental Ct-Reference Ct) in the subgroups. Table S3. RTqPCR results for skeletal muscle cells transfected with miR-96-5p mimic compared to controls RTqPCR assays for the expression of predicted miR-96-5p mRNA targets were performed on total RNA extracted from human skeletal muscle cells transfected with miR-96-5p miRNA mimic (n = 5) and cells transfected with negative control miRNA mimic (n = 3). Expression fold change was calculated using the 2-∆∆Ct method and then converted to Log2 fold change values. P-values were calculated using an independent T-test on delta Ct values from each sample (Experimental Ct-Reference Ct).
How to simulate the Universe in a Computer
Creators: name: Knebe, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution a broad overview of the methodologies of cosmological N-body simulations and a short introduction explaining the general idea behind such simulations is presented. After explaining how to set up the initial conditions using a set of N particles two (diverse) techniques are presented for evolving these particles forward in time under the influence of their self-gravity. One technique (tree codes) is solely based upon a sophistication of the direct particle-particle summation whereas the other method relies on the continuous (de-)construction of arbitrarily shaped grids and is realized in adaptive mesh refinement codes.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PASA (refereed proceedings contribution for the meeting "Gravity 2004" held in Sydney, April 15-16, 2004)
Statistical models for Mendelian randomization analysis using summary-level data
Creators: name: Uche-Ikonne, Okezie
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2022

description: Mendelian randomization (MR) is a method that uses genetic variants as instrument variables to investigate causality in epidemiology. The application of MR has increased over the years due to genotype-exposure and genotype-disease estimates being published in large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). This research investigates statistical models using GWAS estimates. To increase the application of Bayesian models in MR, an R package mrbayes, which implements univariate and multivariate Bayesian estimation for commonly used two-sample MR estimators, specifically; the inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and radial MR-Egger models. The thesis investigated the use of multivariate Bayesian models with hierarchical priors (BayesLasso, Horseshoe, and Horseshoe+) that account for high-throughput data. Simulations showed these models produced consistent estimates in the presence of pleiotropy and invalid instruments. This thesis also investigated weighted and conditional quantile estimators. Quantile models were shown to produce less bias estimates in simulations. This thesis has described and reviewed the MR approach and then developed and assessed Bayesian methods for genotype summary level data for application in MR analyses. This research shows how prior distributions can be used to make MR models more robust to the standard IV assumptions.
Determinants of Repayment Performance in Credit Groups: The Role of Program Design, Intra-group Risk Pooling, and Social Cohesion in Madagascar
Creators: name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Community Participation
subject: Madagascar
subject: Credit

description: Group lending has received much attention in recent years because of its perceived potential in providing financial services to poor households that lack traditional collateral. The analysis in this paper focuses on the effects of program design, community and group characteristics on the repayment performance of groups, using a data set on groups from six different lending programs in Madagascar. The results show that socially cohesive groups pool risks by diversifying the members’ asset portfolio so that their repayment performance is improved even in communities with high-risk exposure.
Idle vehicle repositioning for dynamic ride-sharing
Creators: name: Pouls, Martin
name: Meyer, Anne
name: Ahuja, Nitin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90C27

description: In dynamic ride-sharing systems, intelligent repositioning of idle vehicles enables service providers to maximize vehicle utilization and minimize request rejection rates as well as customer waiting times. In current practice, this task is often performed decentrally by individual drivers. We present a centralized approach to idle vehicle repositioning in the form of a forecast-driven repositioning algorithm. The core part of our approach is a novel mixed-integer programming model that aims to maximize coverage of forecasted demand while minimizing travel times for repositioning movements. This model is embedded into a planning service also encompassing other relevant tasks such as vehicle dispatching. We evaluate our approach through extensive simulation studies on real-world datasets from Hamburg, New York City, and Manhattan. We test our forecast-driven repositioning approach under a perfect demand forecast as well as a naive forecast and compare it to a reactive strategy. The results show that our algorithm is suitable for real-time usage even in large-scale scenarios. Compared to the reactive algorithm, rejection rates of trip requests are decreased by an average of 2.5 percentage points and customer waiting times see an average reduction of 13.2%.
description: Submitted to the 11th International Conference on Computational Logistics
Demand for High-value Secondary Crops in Developing Countries: The Case of Potatoes in Bangladesh and Pakistan
Creators: name: Bouis, Howarth E.
name: Scott, Gregory
name: Bouis, Howarth E.
name: Scott, Gregory
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Economics
subject: Methodology
subject: Pakistan
subject: Potatoes
subject: Economic aspects
subject: Crop diversification
subject: Price Maintenance
subject: Asia
subject: Bangladesh

description: Secondary crops are of increasing interest to policymakers and planners in developing countries because of a desire to diversify economic activities and because of their proven potential to raise farm incomes and rural employment. To assess this potential, basic information on the demand characteristics for these crops is required. But, given the large number of possible crops to be studied, policy analysts require an estimation procedure that is less data-intensive and time-intensive than standard econometric estimation procedures. In this paper, a relatively new, low-cost procedure, based on demand for food characteristics, is applied, illustrating its usefulness for analysis of demand for potatoes in Bangladesh and Pakistan. In Asia, the potato should not be regarded as a starchy staple whose consumption declines as income increases, but rather as a food with a positive income elasticity. Due to the high calorie cost of potatoes relative to wheat and rice, potatoes are often valued primarily for the variety they contribute to the diet and their taste, rather than for the calories they provide. This means that demand for potatoes should increase with income in the future. However, expansion of demand for potatoes as an alternative food staple is conditional upon the cost per calorie for potatoes approaching that for wheat and rice. Results from Bangladesh for more recent years show that with the rise in potato production, relative prices for potatoes versus wheat fell and per capita consumption of potatoes increased considerably. These findings are consistent with demand parameters generated utilizing the new estimation procedure.
News from Critical Collapse: Bondi Mass, Tails and Quasinormal Modes
Creators: name: Pürrer, Michael
name: Husa, Sascha
name: Aichelburg, Peter C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss critical gravitational collapse on the threshold of apparent horizon formation as a model both for the discussion of global aspects of critical collapse and for numerical studies in a compactified context. For our matter model we choose a self-gravitating massless scalar field in spherical symmetry, which has been studied extensively in the critical collapse literature. Our evolution system is based on Bondi coordinates, the mass function is used as an evolution variable to ensure regularity at null infinity. We compute radiation quantities like the Bondi mass and news function and find that they reflect the DSS behavior. Surprisingly, the period of radiation at null infinity is related to the formal result for the leading quasi-normal mode of a black hole with rapidly decreasing mass. Furthermore, our investigations shed some light on global versus local issues in critical collapse, and the validity and usefulness of the concept of null infinity when predicting detector signals.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, uses RevTeX4, changed order of figures and corrected references to match PRD version
Strong decays of $\bar{D}^{*}K^{*}$ molecules and the newly observed $X_{0,1}$ states
Creators: name: Huang, Yin
name: Lu, Jun-Xu
name: Xie, Ju-Jun
name: Geng, Li-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lately, the LHCb Collaboration reported the discovery of two new states in the $B^+\rightarrow D^+D^- K^+$ decay, i.e., $X_0(2866)$ and $X_1(2904)$. In the present work, we study whether these states can be understood as $D^*\bar{K}^*$ molecules from the perspective of their two-body strong decays into $D^-K^+$ via triangle diagrams and three-body decays into $D^*\bar{K}π$. The coupling of the two states to $D^*\bar{K}^*$ are determined from the Weinberg compositeness condition, while the other relevant couplings are well known. The obtained strong decay width for the $X_0(2866)$, in marginal agreement with the experimental value within the uncertainty of the model, hints at a large $D^*\bar{K}^*$ component in its wave function. On the other hand, the strong decay width for the $X_1(2904)$, much smaller than its experimental counterpart, effectively rules out its assignment as a $D^*\bar{K}^*$ molecule.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Repayment Performance in Group-based Credit Programs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Sharma, Manohar P.
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Sharma, Manohar P.
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Credit
subject: Research
subject: Methodology
subject: Bangladesh

description: This paper analyzes the repayment rates of credit groups belonging to three group-based credit programs in Bangladesh: the Association for Social Advancement (ASA), the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), and the Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS). Hypotheses are drawn from economic theory relating group responsibility, and the resulting monitoring by peers, to a more effective enforcement of contractual obligations as well as to improved ability of the group as a whole to repay loans. Specific tests are performed on the following hypothesized determinants: group size, size of loans, degree of loan rationing, enterprise mix within groups, demographic characteristics, social ties and status, and occurrence of idiosyncratic shocks. Analysis is conducted using TOBIT maximum likelihood procedures. Implications for policy and institutional design are discussed.
How Can Safety Nets Do More with Less? General Issues with Some Evidence from Southern Africa
Creators: name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Southern Africa
subject: Welfare Economics
subject: Safety Nets
subject: Research
subject: Poverty Alleviation

description: This paper reviews design features by which safety nets might do more with less. It reviews the current evidence on their success in practice–including three brief reviews of southern Africa experience–and suggests a role for future policy research in furthering the goal of designing safety nets that reduce poverty in a cost-effective way. In doing so, the paper highlights a tension between the large gaps in our knowledge about the design of safety nets and the demand for short-run answers in this area.
A Search for Axionic Dark Matter Using the Magnetar PSR J1745-2900
Creators: name: Darling, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a search for dark matter axion conversion photons from the magnetosphere of the Galactic Center magnetar PSR J1745-2900 using spectra obtained from the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. No significant spectral features are detected. Using a hybrid model for PSR J1745-2900 and canonical assumptions about the dark matter density profile, we exclude axion models with axion-photon coupling $g_{aγγ}$ > 6-34 x 10$^{-12}$ GeV$^{-1}$ with 95% confidence over the mass ranges 4.2-8.4, 18.6-26.9, 33.0-41.4, 53.7-62.1, and 126.0-159.3 $μ$eV. If there is a dark matter cusp, the limits reduce to $g_{aγγ}$ > 6-34 x 10$^{-14}$ GeV$^{-1}$, which overlap some axion models for the observed mass ranges > 33 $μ$eV. These limits may be improved by modeling the stimulated emission that can boost the axion-photon conversion process.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication by PRL. Updated to match revised manuscript. Supplementary material included
Remittances, Income Distribution, and Rural Asset Accumulation
Creators: name: Adams, Richard H.
name: Adams, Richard H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Income Distribution
subject: Land Use
subject: Agricultural Economics
subject: Livestock
subject: Pakistan

description: This paper examines the direct, first-rounds impact of two types of remittances—internal and external remittances—on income distribution and asset accumulation in rural Pakistan. Using income decomposition techniques on a three-year panel household data set, the paper finds that internal remittances have a positive effect on equity and that external remittances have a negative effect. The study also uses an asset-accumulation model to pinpoint the effect of remittances on five types of rural assets: irrigated land owned, rainfed land owned, livestock assets, agricultural capital, and nonfarm assets. The results show that remittances do have an effect on rural asset accumulation. While external remittances have a positive and significant effect on the accumulation of land, internal remittances have a positive and significant effect on the accumulation of agricultural capital.
Additional file 1 of Are patients on oral anticoagulation therapy aware of its effects? A cross-sectional study from Karachi, Pakistan
Creators: name: Zahid, Ibrahim
name: Hassan, Syed Wajih Ul
name: Bhurya, Nida Sehar
name: Alam, Sheena Nadeem
name: Choudhary Ahmed Hasan
name: Bakht Hussain Shah
name: Fasiha Bakhtawar Fatima
name: Ahmed, Ayesha
name: Hassan, Syed Sabih Ul
name: Javeria Hayat
name: Aqsa Zulfiqar
name: Rija Sheikh
name: Momin Aziz
name: Rabbia Siddiqi
name: Kaneez Fatima
name: Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. Anticoagulant knowledge tool.
Minimal distances for certain quantum product codes and tensor products of chain complexes
Creators: name: Zeng, Weilei
name: Pryadko, Leonid P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a map to quantum error-correcting codes and a subspace projection to get lower bounds for minimal homological distances in a tensor product of two chain complexes of vector spaces over a finite field. Homology groups of such a complex are described by the Künneth theorem. We give an explicit expression for the distances when one of the complexes is a linear map between two spaces. The codes in the construction, subsystem product codes and their gauge-fixed variants, generalize several known families of quantum error-correcting codes.
description: 16 pages, no figures. An erratum is posted to fix Lemma.1. No other result is affected
Generalizations of Lunin-Maldacena transformation on the $AdS sub 5 x S sup 5$ background
Creators: name: Rashkov, R. C.
name: Viswanathan, K. S.
name: Yang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider a simple generalization of the method of Lunin and Maldacena for generating new string backgrounds based on TsT-transformations. We study multi-shift $Ts... sT$ transformations applied to backgrounds with at least two U(1) isometries. We prove that the string currents in any two backgrounds related by Ts...sT-transformations are equal. Applying this procedure to the $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$, we find a new background and study some properties of the semiclassical strings.
description: 29 pages, no figure, revtex4, v2: fixed a calculation error, changed title, v3: fixed grammatical errors, references added
Care and Nutrition: Concepts and Measurement
Creators: name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Engle, Patrice L.
name: Menon, Purnima
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Child Care
subject: Child Feeding
subject: Food Availability

description: The concept of "care" as an analytical construct is still new to many outside the nutrition field. Moreover, for those in the field, care is problematic from the measurement point of view. Our hope is that this paper provides an effective introduction to care for the former group, and a useful summary for the latter group of attempts to develop care indicators. Care is the provision in the household and the community of time, attention and support to meet the physical, mental, and social needs of the growing child and other household members. The significance of care has been best articulated in the UNICEF framework. This paper extends the model presented by UNICEF by defining resources for care and specific care behaviors, and presenting an argument for the importance of child characteristics in determining the level of care received. Resources for care are defined as caregiver education, knowledge and beliefs, caregiver physical health and nutritional status, caregiver mental health and self-confidence, autonomy and control of resources, workload and time availability, and family and community social support. Care behaviors discussed here are two of the six proposed: feeding and psychosocial care. This paper also proposes an orientation to the measurement of care, and provides suggestions for indicators for care resources and the two care behaviors, based on a summary of recent literature. Finally, the paper argues for greater attention to research on the causal linkages between care and child nutrition.
Additional file 1 of Estimating the contribution of different age strata to vaccine serotype pneumococcal transmission in the pre vaccine era: a modelling study
Creators: name: Flasche, Stefan
name: Lipsitch, Marc
name: Ojal, John
name: Pinsent, Amy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Further technical details on the model.