cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fintech: Paving the way for Digital Financial Revolution
Creators: name: Ritika Singh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Examines cyber Défense, Privacy measures, regulatory alignment, Finech

description: The paper covers the factors that can be used for the development of fintech — online transformation, AI, block chain, and big data processing — and how it impacts financial services, conventional banking, and global markets. Fintech has played a key role in unlocking access to all those people who have so far been unbanked and therefore improves banking access by decentralizing the provision of financial services. The article will also study the legal hurdles that come in at a fast clip as the fintech develops. While laws are framed to promote innovation while ensuring protection for the users and economic security, they also pose a challenge for new entrants and old firms alike. Balancing compliance and innovation is important in the pursuit of the ultimate long-run growth of fintech. In addition, when these digital transformations are being incorporated by legacy firms, their revenue structures will change, which brings about changes in the organization. Looking into the future, the development of financial technology will be led by the emerging trends in decentralized finance, central bank digital currencies, and the integration of fintech with phenomena such as the Internet of Things and advanced analytics. Yet, in producing the finalvalue of fintech, there is a requirement to solve ethical, legal, and digital issues. This paper presents the opportunities, challenges, and impacts of fintech, bearing critical results for legislators, industry leaders, and researchers.
Effective Actions for Domain Wall Dynamics
Creators: name: Blanco-Pillado, Jose J.
name: Martín-Caro, Alberto García
name: Jiménez-Aguilar, Daniel
name: Queiruga, Jose M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a systematic method to derive the effective action for domain walls directly from the scalar field theory that gives rise to their solitonic solutions. The effective action for the Goldstone mode, which characterizes the soliton's position, is shown to consist of the Nambu-Goto action supplemented by higher-order curvature invariants associated to its worldvolume metric. Our approach constrains the corrections to a finite set of Galileon terms, specifying both their functional forms and the procedure to compute their coefficients. We do a collection of tests across various models in $2+1$ and $3+1$ dimensions that confirm the validity of this framework. Additionally, the method is extended to include bound scalar fields living on the worldsheet, along with their couplings to the Goldstone mode. These interactions reveal a universal non-minimal coupling of these scalar fields to the Ricci scalar on the worldsheet. A significant consequence of this coupling is the emergence of a parametric instability, driven by interactions between the bound states and the Goldstone mode.
description: 47 pages, 10 figures. Published version
A deep view of the Monoceros ring in the Anticenter direction: clues of its extra-Galactic origin
Creators: name: Sollima, A.
name: Valls-Gabaud, D.
name: Martinez-Delgado, D.
name: Fliri, J.
name: Penarrubia, J.
name: Hoekstra, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of deep imaging obtained at the CFHT with MegaCam in the Anticenter direction at two different heights above the Galactic disk. We detect the presence of the Monoceros ring in both fields as a conspicuous and narrow Main Sequence feature which dominates star counts over a large portion of the color-magnitude diagram down to g'~24. The comparison of the morphology and density of this feature with a large variety of Galactic models excludes the possibility that it can be due to a flare of the Galactic disk, supporting an extra-Galactic origin for this ring-like structure.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication by ApJL
Tunable two-species spin models with Rydberg atoms in circular and elliptical states
Creators: name: Dobrzyniecki, Jacek
name: Heim, Paula
name: Tomza, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for constructing versatile quantum simulators using ultracold Rydberg atoms in long-lived circular and elliptical states. By exciting different subspaces of internal atomic states, the atoms can be used to simulate two effective spin species with different spin-spin interactions. The strengths of transverse and longitudinal spin-spin interactions, both intra- and inter-species, can be controlled within a wide range of values. This setup can be used to simulate two-species spin models or lattice models with two sublattices. We show examples of specific models which can be realized.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Labor monopolies or freedom.
Creators: name: Scoville, John Watson
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description:
 Right to organize -- Freedom of workers -- Fair wages -- Freedom to trade -- Collective bargaining -- Definition of collective bargaining -- Peaceful picketing -- Collective bargaining and strikes -- The right to strike -- The broken yardstick -- Cost of living -- Wages based on budget -- Ability to pay -- Equality of bargaining power -- Purchasing power fallacy -- Labor productivity -- Repeal or amendment -- The underdog argument -- The individual contract -- Featherbedding on the rails -- Make work rules -- Industrial peace -- Confusion in Congress -- Democracy in trade unions -- Special privileges: the enemy of freedom -- The economic consequences of the special privileges of labor -- State vs. federal legislation -- Concentration of power -- What collective bargaining does and does not do -- A positive labor program -- A word to the rank-and-file.
On a micro-macro transition for poroelastic Biot's model and corresponding Gassmann-type relations
Creators: name: Wilmanski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Micro-macro transitions
subject: mechanics of poroelastic materials
subject: Biot's model
subject: 74F10
subject: 74L10
subject: 74Q15
subject: 74E30

description: In the paper we consider a micro-macro transition for a linear thermodynamical model of poroelastic media which yields the Biot's model. We investigate a two-component poroelastic linear model in which a constitutive dependence on the porosity gradient is incorporated and this is compared with the classical Biot's model without added mass effects. We analyze three Gedankenexperiments: jacketed undrained, jacketed drained and unjacketed and derive a generalization of classical Gassmann relations between macroscopic material parameters and microscopic compressibility moduli of the solid, and of the fluid. Dependence on the porosity is particularly exposed due to its importance in acoustic applications of the model.
 In particular we show that Gassmann relations follow as one of two physically justified solutions of the full set of micro-macro compatibility relations. In this solution the coupling to the porosity gradient is absent. Simultaneously, we demonstrate the second solution which lies near the Gassmann results but admits the coupling. In both models couplings are weak enough to admit, within the class of problems of acoustic wave analysis, an approximation by a "simple mixture" model in which coupling of stresses is fully neglected.
Poisson Hail on a Hot Ground
Creators: name: Baccelli, Francois
name: Foss, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25, 60J85, 60D99, 90B22

description: We consider a queue where the server is the Euclidean space, and the customers are random closed sets (RACS) of the Euclidean space. These RACS arrive according to a Poisson rain and each of them has a random service time (in the case of hail falling on the Euclidean plane, this is the height of the hailstone, whereas the RACS is its footprint). The Euclidean space serves customers at speed 1. The service discipline is a hard exclusion rule: no two intersecting RACS can be served simultaneously and service is in the First In First Out order: only the hailstones in contact with the ground melt at speed 1, whereas the other ones are queued; a tagged RACS waits until all RACS arrived before it and intersecting it have fully melted before starting its own melting. We give the evolution equations for this queue. We prove that it is stable for a sufficiently small arrival intensity, provided the typical diameter of the RACS and the typical service time have finite exponential moments. We also discuss the percolation properties of the stationary regime of the RACS in the queue.
description: 26 pages
A consistent light-cone-gauge superstring field theory
Creators: name: Ando, Yuji
name: Fujii, Ryota
name: Kunitomo, Hiroshi
name: Totsuka-Yoshinaka, Jojiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extending a recent development in the bosonic string field theory, we construct a map from the Witten-type gauge-invariant superstring field theory based on an $A_{\infty}$ structure to a light-cone-gauge superstring field theory via two intermediate theories, which we call the Kaku-type and Kugo-Zwiebach-type superstring field theories. We find that a naive extension only gives us an inconsistent light-cone-gauge theory that suffers from the well-known problem caused by divergence due to collisions of local operators. However, we also find that this difficulty may be resolved by considering the stubbed theory and propose it as a consistent light-cone-gauge superstring field theory. The result possibly gives a proof of the unitarity of the Witten-type superstring field theory.
description: 63 pages, 6 figures, v2:Sec.5.3 and related parts are revised, Fixed several typos
Towards net zero buildings assessment framework : a natural capital approach
Creators: name: Hossaini Fard, Navid
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Net zero buildings can be a viable solution to the rising environmental challenges caused by the construction and building industry. Many countries around the globe are shifting toward sustainable development and net zero buildings (NZBs). Even though buildings are closely linked with their surrounding environment, consideration of local resources is largely lacking in net zero building design and assessment. This research aims to fill the knowledge gap by developing an assessment framework based on local natural capital to achieve net zero targets in buildings. The framework covers the complete life span of buildings and assesses how a building can become self-sufficient by using local natural resources. The framework aims to provide a decision support to various stakeholders in the pre-design stage, to evaluate sustainability options for implementation in the building’s design. The developed methodology is applied to a building registered with the Living Building Challenge to evaluate net zero performance over its life cycle. Impacts of each of the building components are investigated. The results indicate that the Living Building Challenge (LBC) design is not net zero, however the building can achieve net zero Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO₂e) emissions over its life cycle by investing more into renewable energy and with the help of materials recycling and an off-site carbon offset program. A detailed uncertainty analysis is then performed to enhance the understanding of sustainability assessment methods. Sources of uncertainty in the developed framework are identified and different types of uncertainties are investigated. Results show that the sustainability assessment is most sensitive to the building life span, building occupants’ (users’) behaviours, and the end-of-life scenarios for the building materials. Based on the developed framework for net zero buildings, some policy recommendations have been made. These recommendations will guide a fair distribution of life cycle costs and benefits of net zero building among all building stakeholders.
Nanoscale dynamics and the fluctuation-dissipation-relation in an aging polymer glass
Creators: name: Oukris, H.
name: Israeloff, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Response functions and fluctuations measured locally in complex materials should equally well characterize mesoscopic-scale dynamics. The fluctuation-dissipation-relation (FDR), relates the two in equilibrium, a fact used regularly, for example, to infer mechanical properties of soft matter from the fluctuations in light scattering. In slowly-evolving non-equilibrium systems, such as aging spin and structural glasses, sheared soft matter, and active matter, a form of FDR has been proposed in which an effective temperature, Teff, replaces the usual temperature, and universal behavior is found in mean-field models and simulations. Thus far, only experiments on spin-glasses and liquid crystals have succeeded in accessing the strong aging regime, where Teff >T and possible scaling behavior are expected. Here we test these ideas through measurements of local dielectric response and polarization noise in an aging structural glass, poly-vinyl-acetate . The relaxation-time spectrum, as measured by noise, is compressed, and by response, is stretched, relative to equilibrium, requiring an effective temperature with a scaling behavior similar to that of certain mean-field spin-glass models.
Bulk-Surface Event Discrimination in Point Contact Germanium Detectors at Near-Threshold Energies with Shape-Matching Pulse-Shape Methods
Creators: name: Wang, Jia-Shian
name: Singh, Manoj Kumar
name: Li, Hau-Bin
name: Wong, Henry Tsz-King
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The p-type point-contact germanium (pPCGe) detectors have been widely adopted in searches for low energy physics events such as neutrinos and dark matter. This is due to their enhanced capabilities of background rejection, sensitivity at energies as low as the sub-keV range and particularly fine energy resolution. Nonetheless, the pPCGe is subject to irregular behaviour caused by surface effects for events near the passivated surface. These surface events can, in general, be distinguished from events that occur in the germanium crystal bulk by its slower pulse rise time. Unfortunately, the rise-time spectra of bulk and surface events starts to convolve with each other at sub-keV energies. In this work, we propose a novel method based on cross-correlation shape-matching combined with a low-pass filter to constrain the initial parameter estimates of the signal pulse. This improvement at the lowest level leads to a 50% reduction in computation time and refinements in the rise-time resolution, which will, in the end, enhance the overall analysis. To evaluate the performance of the method, we simulate artificial pulses that resembles bulk and surface pulses by using a programmable pulse generator module (pulser). The pulser-generated pulses are then used to examine the pulse behaviours at near-threshold energies, suggesting a roughly 70% background-leakage reduction in the bulk spectrum. Finally, the method is tested on data collected from the TEXONO experiment, where the results are consistent with our observations in pulser and demonstrated the possibility of lowering the analysis threshold by at least 10eV.
Heppenheimer Tage
Creators: name: Große Kracht, Hermann Josef
name: Hagedorn, Jonas
name: Ludwig, Christine
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2017

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 58 (2017): Religion(en) in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft
The Effect of Environment on Shear in Strong Gravitational Lenses
Creators: name: Wong, Kenneth C.
name: Keeton, Charles R.
name: Williams, Kurtis A.
name: Momcheva, Ivelina G.
name: Zabludoff, Ann I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using new photometric and spectroscopic data in the fields of nine strong gravitational lenses that lie in galaxy groups, we analyze the effects of both the local group environment and line-of-sight galaxies on the lens potential. We use Monte Carlo simulations to derive the shear directly from measurements of the complex lens environment, providing the first detailed independent check of the shear obtained from lens modeling. We account for possible tidal stripping of the group galaxies by varying the fraction of total mass apportioned between the group dark matter halo and individual group galaxies. The environment produces an average shear of gamma = 0.08 (ranging from 0.02 to 0.17), significant enough to affect quantities derived from lens observables. However, the direction and magnitude of the shears do not match those obtained from lens modeling in three of the six 4-image systems in our sample (B1422, RXJ1131, and WFI2033). The source of this disagreement is not clear, implying that the assumptions inherent in both the environment and lens model approaches must be reconsidered. If only the local group environment of the lens is included, the average shear is gamma = 0.05 (ranging from 0.01 to 0.14), indicating that line-of-sight contributions to the lens potential are not negligible. We isolate the effects of various theoretical and observational uncertainties on our results. Of those uncertainties, the scatter in the Faber-Jackson relation and error in the group centroid position dominate. Future surveys of lens environments should prioritize spectroscopic sampling of both the local lens environment and objects along the line of sight, particularly those bright (I < 21.5) galaxies projected within 5' of the lens.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; 28 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Stability Criteria for Complex Ecosystems
Creators: name: Allesina, Stefano
name: Tang, Si
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Forty years ago, Robert May questioned a central belief in ecology by proving that sufficiently large or complex ecological networks have probability of persisting close to zero. To prove this point, he analyzed large networks in which species interact at random. However, in natural systems pairs of species have well-defined interactions (e.g., predator-prey, mutualistic or competitive). Here we extend May's results to these relationships and find remarkable differences between predator-prey interactions, which increase stability, and mutualistic and competitive, which are destabilizing. We provide analytic stability criteria for all cases. These results have broad applicability in ecology. For example, we show that, surprisingly, the probability of stability for predator-prey networks is decreased when we impose realistic food web structure or we introduce a large preponderance of weak interactions. Similarly, stability is negatively impacted by nestedness in bipartite mutualistic networks.
description: 12 pages 7 figures 1 table
LIBERAL DEMOCRACY: FROM THE MASS SOCIETY BROAD UNIVERSALISM TOWARD THE NETWORK SOCIETY DEEP SOVEREIGNTY
Creators: name: Kostyrev, A.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: media
Internet
network individualism
personalization
echo chamber
bubble democracy
nation-state.

description: The paper deals to analyze the transformation of liberal democracy from universalism to sovereignty in terms of changes in political communication that are caused by the emergence of a new form of social interaction defined as a networked society. The author examines the formation and relationship of such basic categories of humanism as sovereignty, liberalism, and democracy. He reveals the role of the media in ensuring the stability of liberal democratic regimes and shows how the dominance of the media controlled by transnational corporations or by the government leads to the universalization of the mass society and the loss of an individual’s sovereignty. The author concludes that the formation of a networked society entails a deepening of sovereignty at the individual, group, and state levels and highlights its main directions: the personalization of politics, the formation of autonomous communication clusters based on the principle of common moral values, and the glocalization of the cultural space. The article highlights the problems associated with the deployment of sovereignization processes at all of these levels.
Polarization-analyzed resonant inelastic x-ray scattering of the orbital excitations in KCuF3
Creators: name: Ishii, K.
name: Ishihara, S.
name: Murakami, Y.
name: Ikeuchi, K.
name: Kuzushita, K.
name: Inami, T.
name: Ohwada, K.
name: Yoshida, M.
name: Jarrige, I.
name: Tatami, N.
name: Niioka, S.
name: Bizen, D.
name: Ando, Y.
name: Mizuki, J.
name: Maekawa, S.
name: Endoh, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a Cu K-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) study of orbital excitations in KCuF3 . By performing the polarization analysis of the scattered photons, we disclose that the excitation between the eg orbitals and the excitations from t2g to eg exhibit distinct polarization dependence. The polarization dependence of the respective excitations is interpreted based on a phenomenological consideration of the symmetry of the RIXS process that yields a necessary condition for observing the excitations. In addition, we show that the orbital excitations are dispersionless within our experimental resolution.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The value of stochastic optimization in reducing the cost of day-ahead wind forecast uncertainty
Creators: name: Tadesse, Mehretab Getachew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Wind power is gaining popularity around the globe mainly because of its advantages such as its renewability and its low environmental impact. However, wind power has some operational disadvantages. Wind power is uncertain, variable, and non-dispatchable. These three properties add cost on wind power producers and electric utilities. In this thesis, stochastic optimization (SO) is applied to minimize the cost of day-ahead (DA) wind forecast uncertainty. SO requires the statistical properties of an uncertain parameter to be accurately represented. In this thesis, scenarios were used to represent the wind forecast error (WFE). To generate WFE scenarios that properly characterize the wind forecast uncertainty, first the statistical properties of the DA WFE was investigated. Then two competing scenario generation algorithms, one based on Markov chain (MC) and the other based on autoregressive moving average (ARMA), were proposed and tested. Both models were successful in generating representative WFE scenarios, but the ARMA-based model was found to be better at recreating the statistical properties of the WFE. These two algorithms required the generation of numerous scenario to confidently capture the WFE probability distribution. Since using all the generated scenarios in a SO problem was infeasible, a scenario reduction algorithm based on probability distance was applied to reduce the number of scenarios while preserving the information they contain. The scenarios obtained after the reduction process were used as inputs into a two-state linear SO model. The results of the optimization showed that, under normal operating conditions, SO can reduce the cost of DA wind forecast uncertainty by up to 70%. The SO models were also found to be better at avoiding load shedding and wind power curtailment. When comparing the two scenario generation algorithms with respect to cost savings, the MC-based model resulted in higher cost savings because the scenarios it generated were better at capturing extreme WFEs, which led to less load shedding events. Sensitivity analysis conducted by varying input assumptions showed that the savings from SO vary considerably based on the modeling assumptions and that care should be taken when designing a cost savings evaluation strategy.
Enhanced feature encoding and classification on distributed quantum hardware
Creators: name: Moretti, Roberto
name: Giachero, Andrea
name: Radescu, Voica
name: Grossi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The steady progress of quantum hardware is motivating the search for novel quantum algorithm optimization strategies for near-term, real-world applications. In this study, we propose a novel feature map optimization strategy for Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs), designed to enhance binary classification while taking into account backend-specific parameters, including qubit connectivity, native gate sets, and circuit depth, which are critical factors in noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The dataset we utilised belongs to the neutrino physics domain, with applications in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. A key contribution of this work is the parallelization of the classification task to commercially available superconducting quantum hardware to speed up the genetic search processes. The study was carried out by partitioning each quantum processing unit (QPU) into several sub-units with the same topology to implement individual QSVM instances. We conducted parallelization experiments with three IBM backends with more than 100 qubits, ranking the sub-units based on their susceptibility to noise. Data-driven simulations show how, under certain restrictions, parallelized genetic optimization can occur with the tested devices when retaining the top 20% ranked sub-units in the QPU.
description: Submitted to MLST
METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF ASSESSMENT OF TOURIST AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES OF THE TERRITORY
Creators: name: Grdzelishvili, N.
name: Kvaratskhelia, L.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: tourist and recreational potential
economic evaluation
regional tourism
tourism development
territory.

description: The article presents the results of a study of theoretical approaches to the problem of economic assessment of the tourism and recreational potential of the territory. The authors identify approaches to the economic assessment of recreational resources and present a developed classification of methods for the economic assessment of recreational resources. The territory of Georgia is a classic country of vertical zoning of geographical landscapes.
The US stock market leads the Federal funds rate and Treasury bond yields
Creators: name: Guo, Kun
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
name: Cheng, Si-Wei
name: Sornette, Didier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a recently introduced method to quantify the time varying lead-lag dependencies between pairs of economic time series (the thermal optimal path method), we test two fundamental tenets of the theory of fixed income: (i) the stock market variations and the yield changes should be anti-correlated; (ii) the change in central bank rates, as a proxy of the monetary policy of the central bank, should be a predictor of the future stock market direction. Using both monthly and weekly data, we found very similar lead-lag dependence between the S&P500 stock market index and the yields of bonds inside two groups: bond yields of short-term maturities (Federal funds rate (FFR), 3M, 6M, 1Y, 2Y, and 3Y) and bond yields of long-term maturities (5Y, 7Y, 10Y, and 20Y). In all cases, we observe the opposite of (i) and (ii). First, the stock market and yields move in the same direction. Second, the stock market leads the yields, including and especially the FFR. Moreover, we find that the short-term yields in the first group lead the long-term yields in the second group before the financial crisis that started mid-2007 and the inverse relationship holds afterwards. These results suggest that the Federal Reserve is increasingly mindful of the stock market behavior, seen at key to the recovery and health of the economy. Long-term investors seem also to have been more reactive and mindful of the signals provided by the financial stock markets than the Federal Reserve itself after the start of the financial crisis. The lead of the S&P500 stock market index over the bond yields of all maturities is confirmed by the traditional lagged cross-correlation analysis.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
HIFI observations of warm gas in DR21: Shock versus radiative heating
Creators: name: Ossenkopf, V.
name: Röllig, M.
name: Simon, R.
name: Schneider, N.
name: Okada, Y.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Akyilmaz, M.
name: Beintema, D.
name: Benz, A. O.
name: Berne, O.
name: Boulanger, F.
name: Bumble, B.
name: Coeur-Joly, O.
name: Dedes, C.
name: Diez-Gonzalez, M. C.
name: France, K.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Gallego, J. D.
name: Goicoechea, J. R.
name: Güsten, R.
name: Harris, A.
name: Higgins, R.
name: Jackson, B.
name: Jarchow, C.
name: Joblin, C.
name: Klein, T.
name: Kramer, C.
name: Lord, S.
name: Martin, P.
name: Martin-Pintado, J.
name: Mookerjea, B.
name: Neufeld, D. A.
name: Phillips, T.
name: Rizzo, J. R.
name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
name: Teyssier, D.
name: Yorke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The molecular gas in the DR21 massive star formation region is known to be affected by the strong UV field from the central star cluster and by a fast outflow creating a bright shock. The relative contribution of both heating mechanisms is the matter of a long debate. By better sampling the excitation ladder of various tracers we provide a quantitative distinction between the different heating mechanisms. HIFI observations of mid-J transitions of CO and HCO+ isotopes allow us to bridge the gap in excitation energies between observations from the ground, characterizing the cooler gas, and existing ISO LWS spectra, constraining the properties of the hot gas. Comparing the detailed line profiles allows to identify the physical structure of the different components. In spite of the known shock-excitation of H2 and the clearly visible strong outflow, we find that the emission of all lines up to > 2 THz can be explained by purely radiative heating of the material. However, the new Herschel/HIFI observations reveal two types of excitation conditions. We find hot and dense clumps close to the central cluster, probably dynamically affected by the outflow, and a more widespread distribution of cooler, but nevertheless dense, molecular clumps.
description: Accepted for publication by A&A
Who Brings the Frisbee: Probing Hidden Hallucination Factors in Large Vision-Language Model via Causality Analysis
Creators: name: Huang, Po-Hsuan
name: Li, Jeng-Lin
name: Chen, Chin-Po
name: Chang, Ming-Ching
name: Chen, Wei-Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advancements in large vision-language models (LVLM) have significantly enhanced their ability to comprehend visual inputs alongside natural language. However, a major challenge in their real-world application is hallucination, where LVLMs generate non-existent visual elements, eroding user trust. The underlying mechanism driving this multimodal hallucination is poorly understood. Minimal research has illuminated whether contexts such as sky, tree, or grass field involve the LVLM in hallucinating a frisbee. We hypothesize that hidden factors, such as objects, contexts, and semantic foreground-background structures, induce hallucination. This study proposes a novel causal approach: a hallucination probing system to identify these hidden factors. By analyzing the causality between images, text prompts, and network saliency, we systematically explore interventions to block these factors. Our experimental findings show that a straightforward technique based on our analysis can significantly reduce hallucinations. Additionally, our analyses indicate the potential to edit network internals to minimize hallucinated outputs.
description: Accepted by WACV2025
„Mit Steuern steuern?“ Chancen und Grenzen gemeinwohlorientierter Fiskalpolitik
Creators: name: Fisch, Andreas
name: Große-Kracht, Hermann-Josef
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2018

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 59 (2018): Friede und Gerechtigkeit
The Spectral Slope and Kolmogorov Constant of MHD turbulence
Creators: name: Beresnyak, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectral slope of strong MHD turbulence has recently been a matter of controversy. While Goldreich-Sridhar model (1995) predicts Kolmogorov's -5/3 slope of turbulence, shallower slopes were often reported by numerical studies. We argue that earlier numerics was affected by driving due to a diffuse locality of energy transfer in MHD case. Our highest-resolution simulation (3072^2x1024) has been able to reach the asymptotic -5/3 regime of the energy slope. Additionally, we found that so-called dynamic alignment, proposed in the model with -3/2 slope, saturates and therefore can not affect asymptotic slope. The observation of the asymptotic regime allowed us to measure Kolmogorov constant C_KA=3.2+-0.2 for purely Alfvénic turbulence and C_K=4.1+-0.3 for full MHD turbulence. These values are much higher than the hydrodynamic value of 1.64. The larger value of Kolmogorov constant is an indication of a fairly inefficient energy transfer and, as we show in this Letter, is in theoretical agreement with our observation of diffuse locality. We also explain what has been missing in numerical studies that reported shallower slopes.
description: 5 pages 3 figures
Large-scale facilitative effects of Vachellia caven
Creators: name: Velasco, Nicolás
name: Soto-Agurto, Cristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Vachellia caven
South America
Chile
Argentina
plant-plant interactions
humped
linear
stress gradient hypothesis
fine-scale

description: The importance of nurse plants structuring plant communities is well appreciated at local scales, yet the effect of a single nurse on large scales has been neglected in analyses. So far, studies only use environmental gradients within one type of ecosystem and tend to generalize the nurse effects. To assess how the effect of a single nurse species is modulated by different environmental settings, interactions between the shrub Vachellia caven and the surrounding plant communities were evaluated at 481 paired plots (outside vs underneath the plant crown), in 39 sites across two distribution ranges, the Mediterranean west and the mostly subtropical east of the Andes mountains (covering ca. 2x10 6 km2). Cover, abundance, and richness of perennial plants underneath and outside V. caven were used as response variables to estimate an index indicative of plant interactions (RII) and tested how this was affected by the rainfall gradient and distribution range.

Overall, RII responses to rainfall gradients had low conditional R2 (~0.25) at this large-scale of analysis, but were significantly different between ranges: the RII followed a quadratic trend across the rainfall gradient in the western range, while this relationship was positive and close to linear at the eastern range. Then, by projecting the RII models (i.e., for abundance, cover, and richness) spatially through a consensus map, we show that most positive effects of V. caven are geographically found in dissimilar areas: the central part of Chile (western range) and across the Paraná river (eastern range). When local fine-scale predictors (i.e., annual herbs cover and height, and herbivores feces cover), were used to model each response variable at the plot level (underneath or outside V. caven) similar trends were kept as when considering only large-scale predictors.

Synthesis: Here, we show that the effect of the same nurse species on neighbouring plant communities can be very different depending on ranges of distribution, stressing that its ecological function cannot be generalized and not only depends on local factors but also is large-scale context-dependent.
description: Funding provided by: Agencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/02ap3w078Award Number: 21171462
Funding provided by: Programa de Movilidad en el Postgrado de la Red de Macrouniversidades públicas de América Latina y el Caribe*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number:
PATHOGENIC TEXTS IDENTIFICATION: CASE OF UKRAINE
Creators: name: Kovalevska, A.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: pathogenic text
advertising
manipulation
suggestion
information space
media space
Ukraine
legistation
identification mechanisms.

description: The article is dedicated to the analysis of researches available in contemporary scientific paradigms on the study of pathogenic texts, defining the general concept of a pathogenic text and picking out the typical features of pathogenic texts available in the Ukrainian information space. Particular attention is paid to the coherence of the legislative aspect of this problem with the actual linguistic features, whereas relevant legislation and bylaws do not always take into account the inherent suggestiveness of advertising texts, which significantly complicates the process of identifying them for further appropriate management decisions to be taken to limit their distribution or totally prohibit operation in the state information field. The article also considers the issue of correlation between influential, suggestive and manipulative texts and highlights the differences between these units, which would allow a more accurate qualification of the arrays of this such nature in the Ukrainian information space. The author also distinguishes the concepts of illegal and pathogenic texts. The prospects of research in the paradigm of studying pathogenic texts are also outlined
Contemporaneous Chandra HETG and Suzaku X-ray Observations of NGC 4051
Creators: name: Lobban, A. P.
name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Miller, L.
name: Turner, T. J.
name: Braito, V.
name: Kraemer, S. B.
name: Crenshaw, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a deep 300 ks Chandra HETG observation of the highly variable narrow-line Seyfert Type 1 galaxy NGC 4051. The HETG spectrum reveals 28 significant soft X-ray ionised lines in either emission or absorption; primarily originating from H-like and He-like K-shell transitions of O, Ne, Mg and Si (including higher order lines and strong forbidden emission lines from O VII and Ne IX) plus high ionisation L-shell transitions from Fe XVII to Fe XXII and lower ionisation inner-shell lines (e.g. O VI). Modelling the data with XSTAR requires four distinct ionisation zones for the gas, all outflowing with velocities < 1000 km/s. A selection of the strongest emission/absorption lines appear to be resolved with FWHM of ~600 km/s. We also present the results from a quasi-simultaneous 350 ks Suzaku observation of NGC 4051 where the XIS spectrum reveals strong evidence for blueshifted absorption lines at ~6.8 and ~7.1 keV, consistent with previous findings. Modelling with XSTAR suggests that this is the signature of a highly ionised, high velocity outflow (log ξ~ 4.1; v ~ -0.02c) which potentially may have a significant effect on the host galaxy environment via feedback. Finally, we also simultaneously model the broad-band 2008 XIS+HXD Suzaku data with archival Suzaku data from 2005 when the source was observed to have entered an extended period of low flux in an attempt to analyse the cause of the long-term spectral variability. We find that we can account for this by allowing for large variations in the normalisation of the intrinsic power-law component which may be interpreted as being due to significant changes in the covering fraction of a Compton-thick partial-coverer obscuring the central continuum emission.
description: Accepted by MNRAS; 24 pages, 14 figures, 10 tables; typos corrected
Die Bedeutung Christlicher Sozialethik für Gesellschaft, Universität, Theologie und Kirche.
Creators: name: Christliche Sozialethik, Arbeitsgemeinschaft
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2018

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 59 (2018): Friede und Gerechtigkeit
title: Structural Behaviour of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete Slabs
Creators: name: Mahmud, GH
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2017

description: This study presents an experimental and numerical contribution to the understanding of the structural behaviour of slabs and beams made of ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). One of the main factors affecting the use of UHPFRC in major construction projects is not having an accepted design method due to the lack of understanding of the structural behaviour of this material, especially for slabs. Therefore, a major part of this thesis focuses on the static flexural behaviour of slabs. A novel experimental technique is developed and employed within an extensive series of experiments to better understand the structural behaviour of UHPFRC. Tests are conducted on one-way and two-way slabs with both fully fixed (FF) and simply supported (SS) boundary conditions; these are of interest in structural applications such as bridge decks and the floors of buildings. Details of tests conducted on 660 mm square slabs with thicknesses of 25, 35, 45 and 60 mm are presented. The effect of geometries on steel fibre distribution in the UHPFRC specimens was investigated using physical fibre counting at the location of the cracks. It was found that the fibre distribution and orientation changes as the specimen size changes. Moreover, the number of fibres that bridged between the two cracked faces reduced as the specimen thickness increased. A numerical model using advanced finite element modelling techniques in ABAQUS is also presented. A nonlinear concrete damage plasticity (CDP) model is used for the simulation and it was found to agree well with the experimental results in terms of load-displacement behaviour of statically indeterminate UHPFRC slabs. In addition, the model was also found to accurately capture the peak-load carrying capacity of the slab specimens. Parametric studies were carried out for slabs with thicknesses up to 120 mm. The experimental results confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the FE modelling. The numerical model was further validated by the uniaxial tensile and compressive data and it was found that the model accurately reproduced the material properties behaviour. The thesis also includes an investigation of size effect on the structural strength of UHPFRC elements. This concerns the static flexural behaviour of similar notched UHPFRC beams with various depths under a three-point bending test and the prediction of load-crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) behaviour. Nonlinear finite element simulations using the CDP model were also conducted and it was found the model can predict full load-CMOD curves, peak-load and crack propagation processes with good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, a parametric study considering larger sizes of specimens up to a depth of 300 mm was carried out and it was found that the size effect on the beam’s nominal strength is negligible due to the relatively high ductility of UHPFRC compared to other types of concrete.
PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN THE INCIDENT OF THE EMERGENCY SITUATION: ESSENCE AND BASIC CATEGORIES
Creators: name: Makarenko, M.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: public administration
health care
epidemiology. Epidemiological emergency situation
epidemiological emergency zone.

description: The article examines the essence and basic categories of public administration in an emergency epidemiological situation in modern conditions, in particular the concepts of «epidemiology», «emergency epidemiological situation», «zone of emergency epidemiological situation». Improving the health and well-being of all people as the ultimate goal of social and economic development has been identified as one of the priorities of public health policy. It has been established that the legislative interpretation of many terms and concepts is still uncertain. It is proposed to legally define the concepts of «epidemiology», «emergency epidemiological situation», «zone of emergency epidemiological situation».
Limiting performance of graphene bilayer sub-terahertz detectors at large induced band gap
Creators: name: Titova, Elena I.
name: Kashchenko, Mikhail A.
name: Miakonkikh, Andrey V.
name: Morozov, Alexander D.
name: Domaratskiy, Ivan K.
name: Zhukov, Sergey S.
name: Rumyantsev, Vladimir V.
name: Morozov, Sergey V.
name: Novoselov, Kostya S.
name: Bandurin, Denis A.
name: Svintsov, Dmitry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrically induced $p-n$ junctions in graphene bilayer (GBL) have shown superior performance for detection of sub-THz radiation at cryogenic temperatures, especially upon electrical induction of the band gap $E_g$. Still, the upper limits of responsivity and noise equivalent power (NEP) at very large $E_g$ remained unknown. Here, we study the cryogenic performance of GBL detectors at $f=0.13$ THz by inducing gaps up to $E_g \approx 90$ meV, a value close to the limits observed in recent transport experiments. High value of the gap is achieved by using high-$κ$ bottom hafnium dioxide gate dielectric. The voltage responsivity, current responsivity and NEP optimized with respect to doping do not demonstrate saturation with gap induction up to its maximum values. The NEP demonstrates an order-of-magnitude drop from $\sim450$ fW/Hz$^{1/2}$ in the gapless state to $\sim30$ fW/Hz$^{1/2}$ at the largest gap. At largest induced band gaps, plasmonic oscillations of responsivity become visible and important for optimization of sub-THz response.