cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FIgLib & SmokeyNet: Dataset and Deep Learning Model for Real-Time Wildland Fire Smoke Detection
Creators: name: Dewangan, Anshuman
name: Pande, Yash
name: Braun, Hans-Werner
name: Vernon, Frank
name: Perez, Ismael
name: Altintas, Ilkay
name: Cottrell, Garrison W.
name: Nguyen, Mai H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The size and frequency of wildland fires in the western United States have dramatically increased in recent years. On high-fire-risk days, a small fire ignition can rapidly grow and become out of control. Early detection of fire ignitions from initial smoke can assist the response to such fires before they become difficult to manage. Past deep learning approaches for wildfire smoke detection have suffered from small or unreliable datasets that make it difficult to extrapolate performance to real-world scenarios. In this work, we present the Fire Ignition Library (FIgLib), a publicly available dataset of nearly 25,000 labeled wildfire smoke images as seen from fixed-view cameras deployed in Southern California. We also introduce SmokeyNet, a novel deep learning architecture using spatiotemporal information from camera imagery for real-time wildfire smoke detection. When trained on the FIgLib dataset, SmokeyNet outperforms comparable baselines and rivals human performance. We hope that the availability of the FIgLib dataset and the SmokeyNet architecture will inspire further research into deep learning methods for wildfire smoke detection, leading to automated notification systems that reduce the time to wildfire response.
Supplementary document for Sub-diffraction-limit light sheet enabled by super-oscillatory lens with enlarged field of view and depth of focus - 5892873.pdf
Creators: name: He, Pei
name: Li, Wenli
name: An, Chengxu
name: Sun, Xu
name: Yuan, Weizheng
name: Yu, Yiting
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplement1
Bulk and Boundary Quantum Phase Transitions in a Square Rydberg Atom Array
Creators: name: Kalinowski, Marcin
name: Samajdar, Rhine
name: Melko, Roger G.
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
name: Sachdev, Subir
name: Choi, Soonwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experimental realizations of exotic phases of matter on programmable quantum simulators, we carry out a comprehensive theoretical study of quantum phase transitions in a Rydberg atom array on a square lattice, with both open and periodic boundary conditions. In the bulk, we identify several first-order and continuous phase transitions by performing large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations and develop an analytical understanding of the nature of these transitions using the framework of Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson theory. Remarkably, we find that under open boundary conditions, the boundary itself undergoes a second-order quantum phase transition, independent of the bulk. These results explain recent experimental observations and provide important new insights into both the adiabatic state preparation of novel quantum phases and quantum optimization using Rydberg atom array platforms.
description: 6+10 pages
Influence of Accretion Flow and Magnetic Charge on the Observed Shadows and Rings of the Hayward Black Hole
Creators: name: Guo, Sen
name: Li, Guan-Ru
name: Liang, En-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The feature of the observed shadows and rings of an astrophysical black hole (BH) may depend on its accretion flows and magnetic charge. We find that the shadow radii and critical impact parameters of the Hayward BH are decreased with the increase of the magnetic charge. Comparing the Schwarzschild BH with the Hayward BH using the ray-tracing method, we show that the density and deflection of lights increase with the magnetic charge, and the BH singularity does not affect the generation of the shadow. Based on three optically thin accretion flow models, the two-dimensional shadows in celestial coordinates are derived. It is found that the shadow and photon ring luminosities of a Hayward BH surrounded by infalling spherical accretion flow are dimmer than that of a static spherical accretion flow. Taking three kinds of inner radii at which the accretion flow stops radiating, we find that the observed luminosity of a Hayward BH surrounded by a thin disk accretion flow is dominated by the direct emission, and the photon ring emission has a weak influence on it. These results suggest that the size of the observed shadow is related to the space-time geometry, and the luminosities of both the shadows and rings are affected by the accretion flow property and the BH magnetic charge.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Physical learning beyond the quasistatic limit
Creators: name: Stern, Menachem
name: Dillavou, Sam
name: Miskin, Marc Z.
name: Durian, Douglas J.
name: Liu, Andrea J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physical networks, such as biological neural networks, can learn desired functions without a central processor, using local learning rules in space and time to learn in a fully distributed manner. Learning approaches such as equilibrium propagation, directed aging, and coupled learning similarly exploit local rules to accomplish learning in physical networks such as mechanical, flow, or electrical networks. In contrast to certain natural neural networks, however, such approaches have so far been restricted to the quasistatic limit, where they learn on time scales slow compared to their physical relaxation. This quasistatic constraint slows down learning, limiting the use of these methods as machine learning algorithms, and potentially restricting physical networks that could be used as learning platforms. Here we explore learning in an electrical resistor network that implements coupled learning, both in the lab and on the computer, at rates that range from slow to far above the quasistatic limit. We find that up to a critical threshold in the ratio of the learning rate to the physical rate of relaxation, learning speeds up without much change of behavior or error. Beyond the critical threshold, the error exhibits oscillatory dynamics but the networks still learn successfully.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures
The seeds of EFT double copy
Creators: name: Bonnefoy, Quentin
name: Durieux, Gauthier
name: Grojean, Christophe
name: Machado, Camila S.
name: Nepveu, Jasper Roosmale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the double copy of effective field theories (EFTs), in the recently proposed generalized color-kinematics and Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) approaches. In the former, we systematically construct scalar numerators satisfying the Jacobi identities from simpler numerator "seeds" with trace-like permutation properties. This construction has the advantage of being easily applicable to any multiplicity, which we exemplify up to 6-point. It employs the linear map between color factors formed by single traces of generators and by products of the structure constants, which also relates the generalized KLT and color-kinematics formalisms, allowing to produce KLT kernels at arbitrary order in the EFT expansion. At 4-point, we show that all EFT kernels are generated and that they only yield double-copy amplitudes which can also be obtained from the traditional KLT kernel. We perform initial checks suggesting that the same conclusions also hold at 5-point. We focus on single-trace massless scalar EFTs which however also control the higher-derivative corrections to gauge and gravity theories.
description: 28 pages, 3 appendices, v2 matches published version
title: Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus–Senftenberg, 2024,13 (12.06.2024)
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: BTU  Cottbus - Senftenberg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke

description: Dritte Änderungssatzung zur fachspezifischen Prüfungs- und Studienordnung für den Master-Studiengang Informatik vom 11. Juni 2024

Lesefassung: Fachspezifische Prüfungs- und Studienordnung für den Master-Studiengang Informatik (M. Sc.) vom 01. Juli 2008 (Abl. 22/2008) i. d. F. der Dritten Änderungssatzung zur fachspezifischen Prüfungs- und Studienordnung für den Master-Studiengang Informatik (M. Sc.) vom 11. Juni 2024
description: Amtliches Mitteilungsblatt der BTU Cottbus–Senftenberg; 2024, H.13
Dynamical emission of phonon pairs in optomechanical systems
Creators: name: Zou, Fen
name: Liao, Jie-Qiao
name: Li, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiphonon state plays an important role in quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Here we propose a scheme to realize dynamical emission of phonon pairs based on the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage in a single cavity optomechanical system, where the optical cavity is driven by two Gaussian pulse lasers. By exploring quantum trajectories of the state populations and the average phonon number, we find that the dynamical phonon-pair emission can be realized under the appropriate parameter conditions and is tunable by controlling the time interval between the consecutive pulses of pump lasers. In particular, the numerical results for the standard and generalized second-order correlation functions of the mechanical mode show that the system can behave as an antibunched phonon-pair emitter. Our proposal can be extended to achieve an antibunched $n$-phonon emitter, which has potential applications for on-chip quantum communications.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Remarks on the black hole shadows in Kerr-de Sitter space times
Creators: name: Omwoyo, Eunice
name: Belich, Humberto
name: Fabris, Júlio C.
name: Velten, Hermano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is geared towards analysis of shadows cast by Kerr-de Sitter (KdS) and Kerr-de Sitter Revisited (RKdS) black holes. Considering observers in the vicinity of the static radius, we derive the impact parameters defining the apparent positions of the shadows. Such observers are of interest to our work because embedding diagrams have shown that de Sitter space-time is analogous to an asymptotically flat one in the vicinity of the static radius. We also perform a comparative analysis between our result with that in Ref.[1]. Furthermore, we numerically obtain the radii of curvature, vertical diameters and horizontal diameters of the shadows. We find that for $Λ=1.11\times 10^{-52} m^{-2}$, M87* observations cannot distinguish a RKdS black hole shadow from that of a Kerr black hole. Additionally, for the same value of $Λ$, KdS and RKdS black hole shadows are identical. Previously, it has also been shown that when $Λ=1.11\times 10^{-52} m^{-2}$, KdS and Kerr black hole shadows are indistinguishable. Utilizing the 2017 EHT observations of M87* on the allowed range of the characteristic radius of the shadow, we obtain constraints on both black holes. When, a/M>0.812311, we observe that large angles of inclination ($θ>30.5107^{\circ}$) do not pass the constraints for both KdS and RKdS black holes.
description: 20 pages
Advancements of Impact Assessment in Sustainable Finance: A systematic literature review focusing on Socially Responsible Investment practices
Creators: name: ACHARGUI, Karam
name: AMZIL, Laila
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Impact assessment; impact measurement; performance evaluation; non-financial performance; extra-financial performance.

description: The main objective of this paper is to analyze works of literature on Impact assessment practices in sustainable finance and to highlight the different methods and indicators employed to assess the impact of Socially responsible investments SRI. The research uses the bibliometric and systematic literature review of the Impact assessment of SRI from 2015 to 2023. Considering the methodological issues involved in measuring impact in the complex environment of socially responsible investment, the paper aims to contribute to the advancing of the scientific evaluation of socially responsible investment, thus providing pertinent information to researchers, practitioners and policy makers.
Parallel adaptive weakly-compressible SPH for complex moving geometries
Creators: name: Haftu, Asmelash
name: Muta, Abhinav
name: Ramachandran, Prabhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of adaptive spatial resolution to simulate flows of practical interest using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is of considerable importance. Recently, Muta and Ramachandran [1] have proposed an efficient adaptive SPH method which is capable of handling large changes in particle resolution. This allows the authors to simulate problems with much fewer particles than was possible earlier. The method was not demonstrated or tested with moving bodies or multiple bodies. In addition, the original method employed a large number of background particles to determine the spatial resolution of the fluid particles. In the present work we establish the formulation's effectiveness for simulating flow around stationary and moving geometries. We eliminate the need for the background particles in order to specify the geometry-based or solution-based adaptivity and we discuss the algorithms employed in detail. We consider a variety of benchmark problems, including the flow past two stationary cylinders, flow past different NACA airfoils at a range of Reynolds numbers, a moving square at various Reynolds numbers, and the flow past an oscillating cylinder. We also demonstrate different types of motions using single and multiple bodies. The source code is made available under an open source license, and our results are reproducible.
description: 50 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables. Updated one figure (Fig. 9)
Tuberculosis of the frontal sinus in an immunocompetent patient
Creators: name: Boussouni, Khouloud
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Infection

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 37 years
description: Clinical History: A 37-year-old male presented with discharge arising from a defect on the left side of the forehead for 8 months.The patient gave a history of chronic frontal headaches with a low grade fever and rhinorrhoea for 2years.On examination, purulent discha... Final Diagnosis: Tuberculosis of the frontal sinus
Anomalous flux periodicity in proximitised quantum spin Hall constrictions
Creators: name: Vigliotti, Lucia
name: Calzona, Alessio
name: Trauzettel, Björn
name: Sassetti, Maura
name: Ziani, Niccolò Traverso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically analyse a long constriction between the helical edge states of a two-dimensional topological insulator. The constriction is laterally tunnel-coupled to two superconductors and a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the plane of the two-dimensional topological insulator. The Josephson current is calculated analytically up to second order in the tunnel coupling both in the absence and in the presence of a bias (DC and AC Josephson currents). We show that in both cases the current acquires an anomalous $4π$-periodicity with respect to the magnetic flux that is absent if the two edges are not tunnel-coupled to each other. The result, that provides at the same time a characterisation of the device and a possible experimental signature of the coupling between the edges, is stable against temperature. The processes responsible for the anomalous $4π$-periodicity are the ones where, within the constriction, one of the two electrons forming a Cooper pair tunnels between the two edges.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures
Search for higgsinos decaying to two Higgs bosons and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results are presented from a search for physics beyond the standard model in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV in channels with two Higgs bosons, each decaying via the process H $\to$ $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$, and large missing transverse momentum. The search uses a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. The search is motivated by models of supersymmetry that predict the production of neutralinos, the neutral partners of the electroweak gauge and Higgs bosons. The observed event yields in the signal regions are found to be consistent with the standard model background expectations. The results are interpreted using simplified models of supersymmetry. For the electroweak production of nearly mass-degenerate higgsinos, each of whose decay chains yields a neutralino ($\tildeχ^0_1$) that in turn decays to a massless goldstino and a Higgs boson, $\tildeχ^0_1$ masses in the range 175 to 1025 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. For the strong production of gluino pairs decaying via a slightly lighter $\tildeχ^0_2$ to H and a light $\tildeχ^0_1$, gluino masses below 2330 GeV are excluded.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables, including additional supplementary figures and tables, can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/SUS-20-004 (CMS Public Pages)
State-dependent error bound for digital quantum simulation of driven systems
Creators: name: Hatomura, Takuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Digital quantum simulation is a promising application of quantum computers, where quantum dynamics is simulated by using quantum gate operations. Many techniques for decomposing a time-evolution operator of quantum dynamics into simulatable quantum gate operations have been proposed, while these methods cause some errors. To evaluate these errors, we derive a lower bound for overlap between true dynamics and digital simulated dynamics at the final time. Our result enables us to guarantee how obtained digital simulated dynamics is close to unknown true dynamics. We also extend our formalism to error evaluation of digital quantum simulation on noisy quantum computers.
Fast and accurate waveform modeling of long-haul multi-channel optical fiber transmission using a hybrid model-data driven scheme
Creators: name: Yang, Hang
name: Niu, Zekun
name: Zhao, Haochen
name: Xiao, Shilin
name: Hu, Weisheng
name: Yi, Lilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The modeling of optical wave propagation in optical fiber is a task of fast and accurate solving the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), and can enable the optical system design, digital signal processing verification and fast waveform calculation. Traditional waveform modeling of full-time and full-frequency information is the split-step Fourier method (SSFM), which has long been regarded as challenging in long-haul wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical fiber communication systems because it is extremely time-consuming. Here we propose a linear-nonlinear feature decoupling distributed (FDD) waveform modeling scheme to model long-haul WDM fiber channel, where the channel linear effects are modelled by the NLSE-derived model-driven methods and the nonlinear effects are modelled by the data-driven deep learning methods. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme only focuses on one-span fiber distance fitting, and then recursively transmits the model to achieve the required transmission distance. The proposed modeling scheme is demonstrated to have high accuracy, high computing speeds, and robust generalization abilities for different optical launch powers, modulation formats, channel numbers and transmission distances. The total running time of FDD waveform modeling scheme for 41-channel 1040-km fiber transmission is only 3 minutes versus more than 2 hours using SSFM for each input condition, which achieves a 98% reduction in computing time. Considering the multi-round optimization by adjusting system parameters, the complexity reduction is significant. The results represent a remarkable improvement in nonlinear fiber modeling and open up novel perspectives for solution of NLSE-like partial differential equations and optical fiber physics problems.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, 30 references
Mental health outcomes for parents of twins compared with singletons : a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Collins, Teagan
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2024

description: Due to the commercialisation of assisted reproductive technology in 1980, twin birth has significantly increased. Being a caregiver of twins is associated with higher functional, financial, and psychological demaFnds compared with those for singleton caregivers. Therefore, it is unsurprising that twin birth has been found to be associated with mental health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and stress. To date, there has only been one systematic review that investigated the mental health outcomes of parents of twins by Wenze et al. (2015), which included 27 studies. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis available. To address this limitation, the current study aimed to statistically compare depression, anxiety, and stress scores between mothers and fathers of twins and singletons. A systematic database search of PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL identified 19,209 search results for screening, with a total of 8 studies eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis including samples of mothers, and 2 studies in the systematic review including samples of fathers. Using Cohen’s d as the measure of effect size, mothers of twins had significantly higher scores for depression (d=0.16, Standard Error [SE]=0.07, 95% Confidence Interval [CI; 0.02-0.31], p=0.03, I2=0.00) and anxiety (d=0.28, SE=0.13, 95% CI [0.02-0.54], p=0.03, I2=0.64) compared with mothers of singletons. No significant difference was found for stress (d=0.97, SE=0.60, 95% CI [0.21-2.15], p=0.11, I2=0.95). The systematic review highlighted inconsistencies regarding the mental health outcomes of twin fathers. These findings have implications for informing policy and the monitoring and surveillance of twin families following hospital discharge.
How a skyrmion can appear both massive and massless
Creators: name: Wu, Xiaofan
name: Tchernyshyov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a magnetic skyrmion is modeled as a point particle, its dynamics depends on the precise definition of the skyrmion center. The guiding-center position, defined as the first moment of the skyrmion density, exhibits Thiele's massless dynamics; position based on the first moment of magnetization component $m_z$ shows Larmor oscillations characteristic of a massive particle. We show that, even with the latter definition, the Larmor oscillations may be absent for certain types of external forces such as adiabatic spin torque. We offer an alternative mechanical model of a skyrmion featuring two coupled massless particles.
title: Mexico v Ecuador/Ecuador v Mexico: With Diplomatic Asylum Back before the ICJ, Can Legal Certainty on this Divisive Issue Finally be Won?: Völkerrechtliche Tagesthemen 52
Creators: name: Hughes-Gerber, Laura
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 341

description: On the evening of 5th April 2024, Ecuadorian police forcibly entered the Mexican embassy in Quito and arrested Jorge Glas, former Vice-President of Ecuador (2013-2017), who had entered the embassy in December 2023 and had recently been granted asylum by Mexico. Mexico instituted proceedings before the International Court of Justice on 11th April 2024, asserting violations of international law on the part of Ecuador and requesting the indication of provisional measures. Ecuador has then responded by instituting proceedings against Mexico on 29th April 2024, asserting violations of international law on the part of Mexico inter alia for permitting Jorge Glas to reside in the embassy and for purporting to grant him asylum. This Tagesthemen presentation will explore the background to and the legal framework governing the applications, in particular under the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations. It will also examine whether the applications represent a unique opportunity for the International Court of Justice to provide much-needed clarity and legal certainty to the question of the legal status of diplomatic asylum in international law. A technical note about the video: While the substantive portion of the talk is recorded and available, the first minute is missing due to a technical error.
description: Völkerrechtsblog
Dual-Frequency Quantum Phase Estimation Mitigates the Spectral Leakage of Quantum Algorithms
Creators: name: Xiong, Yifeng
name: Ng, Soon Xin
name: Long, Gui-Lu
name: Hanzo, Lajos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Quantum phase estimation is an important component in diverse quantum algorithms. However, it suffers from spectral leakage, when the reciprocal of the record length is not an integer multiple of the unknown phase, which incurs an accuracy degradation. For the existing single-sample estimation scheme, window-based methods have been proposed for spectral leakage mitigation. As a further advance, we propose a dual-frequency estimator, which asymptotically approaches the Cramer-Rao bound, when multiple samples are available. Numerical results show that the proposed estimator outperforms the existing window-based methods, when the number of samples is sufficiently high.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Many-Body Effects in the X-ray Absorption Spectra of Liquid Water
Creators: name: Tang, Fujie
name: Li, Zhenglu
name: Zhang, Chunyi
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Car, Roberto
name: Qiu, Diana Y.
name: Wu, Xifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful experimental technique to probe the local order in materials with core electron excitations. Experimental interpretation requires supporting theoretical calculations. For water, these calculations are very demanding and, to date, could only be done with major approximations that limited the accuracy of the calculated spectra. This prompted an intense debate on whether a substantial revision of the standard picture of tetrahedrally bonded water was necessary to improve the agreement of theory and experiment. Here, we report a new first-principles calculation of the XAS of water that avoids the approximations of prior work thanks to recent advances in electron excitation theory. The calculated XAS spectra, and their variation with changes of temperature and/or with isotope substitution, are in excellent quantitative agreement with experiments. The approach requires accurate quasi-particle wavefunctions beyond density functional theory approximations, accounts for the dynamics of quasi-particles and includes dynamic screening as well as renormalization effects due to the continuum of valence-level excitations. The three features observed in the experimental spectra are unambiguously attributed to excitonic effects. The pre-edge feature is associated to a bound intramolecular exciton, the main-edge feature is associated to an exciton localized within the coordination shell of the excited molecule, while the post-edge one is delocalized over more distant neighbors, as expected for a resonant state. The three features probe the local order at short, intermediate, and longer range relative to the excited molecule. The calculated spectra are fully consistent with a standard tetrahedral picture of water.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Tackling data scarcity in speech translation using zero-shot multilingual machine translation techniques
Creators: name: Dinh, Tu Anh
name: Liu, Danni
name: Niehues, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.7

description: Recently, end-to-end speech translation (ST) has gained significant attention as it avoids error propagation. However, the approach suffers from data scarcity. It heavily depends on direct ST data and is less efficient in making use of speech transcription and text translation data, which is often more easily available. In the related field of multilingual text translation, several techniques have been proposed for zero-shot translation. A main idea is to increase the similarity of semantically similar sentences in different languages. We investigate whether these ideas can be applied to speech translation, by building ST models trained on speech transcription and text translation data. We investigate the effects of data augmentation and auxiliary loss function. The techniques were successfully applied to few-shot ST using limited ST data, with improvements of up to +12.9 BLEU points compared to direct end-to-end ST and +3.1 BLEU points compared to ST models fine-tuned from ASR model.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, accepted to IEEE ICASSP 2022. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2107.06010
Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo
Creators: name: da Cunha, Fernanda Fernandes Miranda
name: Tonon, Angela Pedroso
name: Machado, Fabricio
name: Travassos, Luis Rodolpho
name: Grazzia, Nathalia
name: Possatto, João Fernando
name: de Sant’ana, Agnes Kobayashi Calvo
name: de Mello Lopes, Rayssa
name: Rodrigues, Tiago
name: Miguel, Danilo Ciccone
name: Gadelha, Fernanda Ramos
name: Arruda, Denise Costa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
Coexisting Kondo hybridization and itinerant f-electron ferromagnetism in UGe2
Creators: name: Giannakis, Ioannis
name: Sar, Divyanshi
name: Friedman, Joel
name: Kang, Chang-Jong
name: Janoschek, Marc
name: Das, Pinaki
name: Bauer, Eric D.
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
name: Aynajian, Pegor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kondo hybridization in partially filled f-electron systems conveys significant amount of electronic states sharply near the Fermi energy leading to various instabilities from superconductivity to exotic electronic orders. UGe2 is a 5f heavy fermion system, where the Kondo hybridization is interrupted by the formation of two ferromagnetic phases below a 2nd order transition Tc ~ 52 K and a crossover transition Tx ~ 32 K. These two ferromagnetic phases are concomitantly related to a spin-triplet superconductivity that only emerges and persists inside the magnetically ordered phase at high pressure. The origin of the two ferromagnetic phases and how they form within a Kondo-lattice remain ambiguous. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we probe the spatial electronic states in the UGe2 as a function of temperature. We find a Kondo resonance and sharp 5f-electron states near the chemical potential that form at high temperatures above Tc in accordance with our density functional theory (DFT) + Gutzwiller calculations. As temperature is lowered below Tc, the resonance narrows and eventually splits below Tx dumping itinerant f-electron spectral weight right at the Fermi energy. Our findings suggest a Stoner mechanism forming the highly polarized ferromagnetic phase below Tx that itself sets the stage for the emergence of unconventional superconductivity at high pressure.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, In press- Physical Review Research (Vol. 4, No. 2) https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022030
Combined impact of hypoalbuminemia and pharmacogenomic variants on voriconazole trough concentration: data from a real-life clinical setting in the Chinese population
Creators: name: Li, Yuanyuan
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Zhao, Jinxia
name: Bian, Jialu
name: Zhao, Yinyu
name: Hao, Xu
name: Liu, Boyu
name: Hu, Lei
name: Liu, Fang
name: Yang, Changqing
name: Feng, Yufei
name: Huang, Lin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Voriconazole (VRC) displays highly variable pharmacokinetics impacting treatment efficacy and safety. To provide evidence for optimizing VRC therapy regimens, the authors set out to determine the factors impacting VRC steady-state trough concentration (Cmin) in patients with various albumin (Alb) level. A total of 275 blood samples of 120 patients and their clinical characteristics and genotypes of CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, FMO3, ABCB1, POR, NR1I2 and NR1I3 were included in this study. Results of multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) and total bilirubin (T-Bil) were predictors of the VRC Cmin adjusted for dose in patients with hypoalbuminemia (Alb < 35 g/L) (R2 = 0.16, P < 0.001). Additionally, in patients with normal albumin level (Alb ≥ 35 g/L), it resulted in a significant model containing factors of the poor metabolizer (PM) CYP2C19 genotype and CRP level (R2 = 0.26, P < 0.001). Therefore, CRP and T-Bil levels ought to receive greater consideration than genetic factors in patients with hypoalbuminemia.
Sexaquark dilemma in neutron stars and its solution by quark deconfinement
Creators: name: Shahrbaf, M.
name: Blaschke, D.
name: Typel, S.
name: Farrar, G. R.
name: Alvarez-Castillo, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following the idea that a stable sexaquark state with quark content (uuddss) would have gone unnoticed by experiment so far and that such a particle would be a good dark matter candidate, we investigate the possible role of a stable sexaquark in the physics of compact stars given the stringent constraints on the equation of state that stem from observations of high mass pulsars and GW170817 bounds on the compactness of intermediate mass stars. We find that there is a "sexaquark dilemma" (analogous to the hyperon dilemma) for which the dissociation of the sexaquark in quark matter is a viable solution fulfilling all present constraints from multi-messenger astronomy. The parameters needed to model the hybrid star including sexaquarks are in line with parameters of pre-existing quark- and hadronic-matter models. We find that current constraints -- tidal deformability in accordance with GW170817 and maximum mass above the lower limit from PSR J0740+6620 -- can be satisfied two ways: with early quark deconfinement such that neither sexaquarks nor hyperons are present in any NS interiors, or with later deconfinement such that a neutron-sexaquark shell surrounds the inner quark matter core.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables
How Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is Applied Effectively for Korean American Individuals and Couples Experiencing Situational Couple Violence
Creators: name: An, Jamie
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520303
subject: Counselling psychology
classificationCode: 520302
subject: Clinical psychology

description: Despite the increase in cross-cultural research studies, there is still a deficiency in research regarding the applicability of therapy theories from the Asian perspective, specifically Korean. Clients from diverse origins may suffer because of therapists' lack of multicultural awareness and cultural competency. This paper explicitly asks the question of how interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) apply to Korean American individuals or couples experiencing Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), specifically Situational Couple Violence (SCV). For this study, 8 therapists were recruited for an interview. The study has found that, for Korean Americans, risk factors of SCV stem from shame, which negatively impacts one to develop low self-esteem, suffer from anger management issues, and have communication issues. Many therapists utilize CBT to help guide clients to healthier habits and relationships. Despite the efficacy of CBT, it was found that cultural factors play a dominant role in how the client interprets and responds to CBT. Results indicate that the shame factor not only negatively influences one to engage in SCV but also impacts the process of CBT. Research findings show that it is appropriate to begin CBT with the stage of changing behavior before changing cognition and emotion. When applying the CBT model, it is essential for therapists to understand the Korean culture, build a strong therapeutic relationship, progress the CBT process at a slower pace, provide psychoeducation regarding CBT and IPV, and provide consistent compliments.
Could you sit still? Misokinesia, study preference and comorbidity with misophonia
Creators: name: White, Joshua
Publisher: name: University of Tasmania
Year: 2024

description: Misokinesia, translating to ‘hatred of movements’, is a condition that presents as a strong aversive reaction towards repetitive visual movements that are typically produced by others. Once considered a symptom of misophonia, research is beginning to indicate it may be its own discrete disorder. Misokinesia and misophonia commonly present with strong avoidance behaviours. This study examined whether rates and severity of misokinesia varied between the preferred form of study for university students, whether that was online, on-campus or a blend. It also examined the comorbidity of misokinesia with misophonia. We measured misophonia and misokinesia scores by presenting both a misophonia and adapted misokinesia questionnaire using an online survey. In our study of 185 participants, we found that 10.2% of participants met the passing thresholds of misokinesia. There were no differences in misokinesia rates or scores between study preferences. All participants above the passing threshold for misokinesia were also above the passing threshold for misophonia. Our findings suggest that misokinesia is not a primary concern for students deciding their preferred form of study. Education providers may still benefit from this information in developing interventions and support systems to assist those with misokinesia. Additionally, misophonia scores were much higher than misokinesia scores. This could indicate limitations due to a lack of a specifically designed misokinesia scale. This made it difficult to determine if misokinesia is a discrete disorder or if it is a symptom of misophonia.
Enhanced synergy of pacritinib with temsirolimus and sunitinib in preclinical renal cell carcinoma model by targeting JAK2/STAT pathway
Creators: name: Mao, Fei
name: Gao, Liangkui
name: Liu, Liming
name: Tang, Yuanjia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Pacritinib is an oral medication that inhibits several kinases including JAK2, FLT3, IRAK and STAT3. It has been recently approved to treat patients with thrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis. Studies are currently exploring the potential use of pacritinib in treating other types of cancer such as leukaemia, breast cancer and prostate cancer. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of pacritinib alone and its combination with standard of care in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We showed that pacritinib dose-dependently decreased viability of RCC cells, with IC50 at nanomolar or low micromolar concentration rage. Pacritinib inhibited cell proliferation, decreased colony formation, and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, pacritinib exhibited synergistic effects when combined with temsirolimus and sunitinib, but antagonistic effects when combined with doxorubicin, in a panel of RCC cell lines. We also confirmed that the combination of pacritinib with temsirolimus and sunitinib resulted in synergistic effects in RCC mouse models, with complete inhibition of tumour growth throughout the treatment period. Mechanistic studies indicated that the inhibition of JAK2, but not IRAK, was the main contributor to the anti-RCC activity of pacritinib. Our study is the first to demonstrate that pacritinib shows promise as a treatment option for RCC and underscores the therapeutic potential of targeting the JAK2/STAT signalling pathway in RCC.
Exact dynamical correlations of nonlocal operators in quadratic open Fermion systems: a characteristic function approach
Creators: name: Wang, Qing-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical correlations of nonlocal operators in general quadratic open fermion systems is still a challenging problem. Here we tackle this problem by developing a new formulation of open fermion many-body systems, namely, the characteristic function approach. Illustrating the technique, we analyze a finite Kitaev chain with boundary dissipation and consider anyon-type nonlocal excitations. We give explicit formula for the Green's functions, demonstrating an asymmetric light cone induced by the anyon statistical parameter and an increasing relaxation rate with this parameter. We also analyze some other types of nonlocal operator correlations such as the full counting statistics of the charge number and the Loschmidt echo in a quench from the vacuum state. The former shows clear signature of a nonequilibrium quantum phase transition, while the later exhibits cusps at some critical times and hence demonstrates dynamical quantum phase transitions.
description: 30 pages,7 figures
Cuscuta-Galileon cosmology: Dynamics, gravitational "constant"s and the Hubble Constant
Creators: name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
name: Panpanich, Sirachak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss cosmology based on a Cuscuta-Galileon gravity theory, which preserves just two degrees of freedom. Although there exists no additional degrees of freedom, introduction of a potential of a scalar field changes the dynamics. The scalar field is completely determined by matter fields. Giving an exponential potential as an example, we discuss the cosmological dynamics. The gravitational "constant" $G_{\rm F}$ appeared in the effective Friedmann equation becomes time dependent. We also present how to construct a potential when we know the evolution of the Hubble parameter. When we assume the $Λ$CDM cosmology for the background evolution, we find the potential form. We then analyze the density perturbations, which equation is characterized only by a change of the gravitational "constant"$G_{\rm eff}$, which also becomes time dependent. From the observational constraints such as the constraint from the big-bang nucleosynthesis and the constraint on time-variation of gravitational constant, we restrict the parameters in our models. Taking into account the time dependence of the gravitational constant in the effective Friedmann equation, we may have a chance to explain the Hubble tension problem.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures