cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient Projection onto the $\ell_{\infty,1}$ Mixed-Norm Ball using a Newton root search method
Creators: name: Chau, Gustavo
name: Wohlberg, Brendt
name: Rodriguez, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mixed norms that promote structured sparsity have numerous applications in signal processing and machine learning problems. In this work, we present a new algorithm, based on a Newton root search technique, for computing the projection onto the $\ell_{\infty,1}$ ball, which has found application in cognitive neuroscience and classification tasks. Numerical simulations show that our proposed method is between 8 and 10 times faster on average, and up to 20 times faster for very sparse solutions, than the previous state of the art. Tests on real functional magnetic resonance image data show that, for some data distributions, our algorithm can obtain speed improvements by a factor of between 10 and 100, depending on the implementation.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Columba Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Columba

description: Columba [gen. nov.]
Rostrum rectum, versus apicem descendens.
Nares oblongae, membrana molli tumida semitectae.
Lingua integra.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 162, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Implications of HERA results for very high energy cosmic ray physics
Creators: name: Engel, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental results obtained with the HERA collider and recent progress in their theoretical interpretation are reviewed. After a short introduction to HERA physics, deep inelastic scattering and photoproduction are discussed as (virtual) photon-proton scattering. It is shown that the measurement and theoretical understanding of both photoproduction as well as low-x deep inelastic scattering are essential for obtaining reliable high energy extrapolations within hadron-hadron interaction models. Limitations of the predictive power of hadron interaction models due to the interplay of perturbative QCD and unitarity effects are discussed.
description: LaTeX, 10 pages and 16 figures, invited talk at the Xth Int. Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions, Gran Sasso, July 12-17, 1998
title: ADCO, Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491) (11 H 1179), f. 00453
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: comptes
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Comptes du Petit-Cîteaux (1477-1491), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1179), f. 00453, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Temperature Correlations in a Finite Universe
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Levin, Janna
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of a finite topology on the temperature correlations of the cosmic microwave background in a flat universe. Analytic expressions for the angular power spectrum are given for all possible finite flat models. We examine the angular correlation function itself, pointing out visible and discrete features that arise from topology. While observations of the power spectrum on large angular scales can be used to place bounds on the minimum topology length, cosmic variance generally restricts us from differentiating one flat topology from another. Schemes that acknowledge anisotropic structures, such as searches for ghosts, circles or geometric patterns, will be needed to further probe topology.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, accepted MNRAS
Controlling magnetic charge landscapes in nanostructures: Novel approaches to nanomagnetic writing
Creators: name: Carter-Gartside, Jack Nathaniel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: New tools for the the control and manipulation of magnetic charge landscapes are developed and presented. Scanning probe systems fitted with magnetic tips are used to write 360 degree domain walls, complex topological defects, and entire system-wide microstates in nanomagnetic arrays including artificial spin ice. These new nanomagnetic writing techniques open previously inaccessible regions of the microstate space in artificial spin ice, including states exhibiting negative effective temperatures and the elusive long-range ground state of kagome artificial spin ice.
3D Point Cloud Compression with Recurrent Neural Network and Image Compression Methods
Creators: name: Beemelmanns, Till
name: Tao, Yuchen
name: Lampe, Bastian
name: Reiher, Lennart
name: van Kempen, Raphael
name: Woopen, Timo
name: Eckstein, Lutz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Storing and transmitting LiDAR point cloud data is essential for many AV applications, such as training data collection, remote control, cloud services or SLAM. However, due to the sparsity and unordered structure of the data, it is difficult to compress point cloud data to a low volume. Transforming the raw point cloud data into a dense 2D matrix structure is a promising way for applying compression algorithms. We propose a new lossless and calibrated 3D-to-2D transformation which allows compression algorithms to efficiently exploit spatial correlations within the 2D representation. To compress the structured representation, we use common image compression methods and also a self-supervised deep compression approach using a recurrent neural network. We also rearrange the LiDAR's intensity measurements to a dense 2D representation and propose a new metric to evaluate the compression performance of the intensity. Compared to approaches that are based on generic octree point cloud compression or based on raw point cloud data compression, our approach achieves the best quantitative and visual performance. Source code and dataset are available at https://github.com/ika-rwth-aachen/Point-Cloud-Compression.
description: Code: https://github.com/ika-rwth-aachen/Point-Cloud-Compression
Discrete crack dynamics and its application to study fracture in polycrystalline diamond
Creators: name: Tajabadi Ebrahimi, Mahdieh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Mechanical properties of polycrystalline materials are affected by the microstructure of the components. All cracks and inclusions present in a body subjected to external forces cannot act independently even if their density is relatively low. The elastic fields generated by the presence of each crack and inclusion extends throughout the system. Thus, not only the external load but also the neighbouring cracks and inclusions determine the stress experienced by each individual defect. In this work, the Multipole Method (MM) is used to simulate the many-body self-consistent problem of interacting elliptical micro-cracks and inclusions in an unbounded solid. Finite-sized problem can be solved using the superposition scheme and incorporating the complex variable boundary element method. A criterion is employed to determine the crack propagation path based on the stress distribution; the evolution of individual micro-cracks and their interactions with existing cracks and inclusions is then predicted using what we coin the Discrete Crack Dynamics (DCD) method. DCD is fast (semi-analytical) and particularly suitable for the simulation of evolving low-speed crack networks in brittle or quasi-brittle materials. Furthermore, effects of the grain boundary strength and the interfacial strength of inclu- sions on the deflection of crack paths were studied. Results of each step of the analysis are validated against finite element analysis predictions and previously published experimental data and modelling results. New results for propagating cracks interacting with hard and soft inclusions in finite bodies are presented. Finally, the methodology developed by the author is used to determine the effect of residual stresses in general, and the residual thermal stresses associated with the second phase inclusion in particular, on the crack propagation path. The study is then extended to characterise the influence of residual stresses and thermal stresses on crack propagation in PCD structures.
Uplift and erosion histories of ancient and modern landscapes: examples from the North Sea, Iceland, and Mars
Creators: name: Stucky De Quay, Gaia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Ancient and modern landscapes contain records of vertical motions which can be used to probe histories of sub-surface processes. In this work I examine how rates of landscape evolution and styles of erosion can be determined using biostratigraphy and seismic data, cosmogenic dating techniques, and cratering on extra-terrestrial surfaces. I explore three examples, a buried landscape in the North Sea, a modern-day Icelandic river, and finally an example from Mars. First, I examine sedimentary basins fringing the North Atlantic Ocean, which contain excellent evidence that the continental shelf experienced episodic sub- aerial exposure. Stratigraphy, well logs, cores, and seismic data are used to reconstruct a 55 Ma terrestrial landscape buried 1.5 km beneath the North Sea. The best-fitting uplift rate history from extracted longitudinal profiles is staged, similar to that of a buried landscape in the nearby Faeroe-Shetland. These vertical motions are consistent with response to pulses from the incipient Icelandic plume. Secondly, I determine the erosional history of the modern Icelandic landscape. Today, the Icelandic plume is located beneath Iceland. Longitudinal river profiles across Iceland contain broad knickzones such as the Jökulsárgljúfur. High-resolution photogrammetry and 3He exposure ages of terraces indicate retreat rates of ∼ 70 cm yr−1 in the Holocene. Calibrated drainage inversion indicates that rifting, dynamic support, and isostatic ad- justment resulted in tens to hundreds of meters of modern uplift, and that progressive fluvial processes set the pace for erosion in volcanic, postglacial landscapes. Finally, preserved drainage patterns on Martian craters contain longitudinal profiles similar to fluvial terrestrial craters. However, an under- standing of the effects of g, climatic and tectonic forcing, and valley formation timescales are lacking. A prominent example of drainage is Warrego Valles, a high-density dendritic system in southern Thaumasia. Spectral analyses indicate its power is greatest at > 10 km wavelengths, and river inversions suggest it was uplifted by the Tharsis Bulge. The results of this work addresses key problems concerning longevity of topography and the roles of denudation, tectonics, and sub-surface processes. Uplift and erosion histories of the North Sea, Iceland, and Mars provide crucial constraints on dynamic support, mantle viscosity and temperature, closure of ocean gateways, rifting and magmatism, and surface processes on solar system bodies.
Higher order moments of the density field in a parameterized sequence of non-gaussian theories
Creators: name: White, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the higher order moments in a sequence of models where the initial density fluctuations are drawn from a chi^2_nu distribution with a power-law power spectrum. For large values of nu the distribution is approximately gaussian, and we reproduce the values known from perturbation theory. As νis lowered the distribution becomes progressively more non-gaussian, approximating models with rare, high-amplitude peaks. The limit nu=1 is a realization of recently proposed isocurvature models for producing early galaxy formation where the density perturbations are quadratic in a gaussian field.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, to appear in MNRAS
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The complexity of galaxy populations at 0.4< z<1.3 revealed with unsupervised machine-learning algorithms
Creators: name: Siudek, M.
name: Małek, K.
name: Pollo, A.
name: Krakowski, T.
name: Iovino, A.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Moutard, T.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Guzzo, L.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Granett, B. R.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: Abbas, U.
name: Adami, C.
name: Bottini, D.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: Davidzon, I.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Fritz, A.
name: Krywult, J.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Polletta, M.
name: Tasca, L. A. M.
name: Tojeiro, R.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Zanichelli, A.
name: Arnouts, S.
name: Bel, J.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Coupon, J.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Haines, C. P.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Takeuchi, T. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various galaxy classification schemes have been developed so far to constrain the main physical processes regulating evolution of different galaxy types. In the era of a deluge of astrophysical information and recent progress in machine learning, a new approach to galaxy classification becomes imperative. We employ a Fisher Expectation-Maximization unsupervised algorithm working in a parameter space of 12 rest-frame magnitudes and spectroscopic redshift. The model (DBk) and the number of classes (12) were established based on the joint analysis of standard statistical criteria and confirmed by the analysis of the galaxy distribution with respect to a number of classes and their properties. This new approach allows us to classify galaxies based just on their redshifts and UV-NIR spectral energy distributions. The FEM unsupervised algorithm has automatically distinguished 12 classes: 11 classes of VIPERS galaxies and an additional class of broad-line AGNs. After a first broad division into blue, green and red categories we obtained a further sub-division into three red, three green, and five blue galaxy classes. The FEM classes follow the galaxy sequence from the earliest to the latest types that is reflected in their colours (which are constructed from rest-frame magnitudes used in classification procedure) but also their morphological, physical, and spectroscopic properties (not included in the classification scheme). We demonstrate that the members of each class share similar physical and spectral properties. In particular, we are able to find three different classes of red passive galaxy populations. Thus, we demonstrate the potential of an unsupervised approach to galaxy classification and we retrieve the complexity of galaxy populations at z~0.7, a task that usual simpler colour-based approaches cannot fulfil.
description: published in A&A, 27 pages, 10 figures, 4 appendixes. Please contact Malgorzata Siudek (msiudek@ifae.es) if you are interested in the catalogue
Formation of Interstellar Ices Behind shock Waves
Creators: name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Neufeld, David A.
name: Melnick, Gary J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used a coupled dynamical and chemical model to examine the chemical changes induced by the passage of an interstellar shock in well shielded regions. Using this model we demonstrate that the formation of water in a shock will be followed in the post--shock phase by depletion of the water molecules onto the grain surfaces. To attempt to discriminate between the creation of ices behind shocks and their production by means of grain surface chemistry, we examine the deuterium chemistry of water before, during, and after a shock. We show that chemical evolution in the post--shock gas can account for both the deuterium fractionation and the abundance of carbon dioxide relative to water observed in interstellar and cometary ices. Given the pervasiveness of shocks and turbulent motions within molecular clouds, the model presented here offers an alternate theory to grain surface chemistry for the creation of ices in the interstellar medium, ices that may ultimately be incorporated into comets.
description: 12 pages (2 figures) using aaspp4.sty; Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
The Along Arc TEC Rate (AATR) Indicator and the Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances MSTID-GNSS Index
Creators: name: Timote, C.C.
name: JUAN ZORNOZA, Jose Miguel
name: Sanz Subirana, Jaume
name: Rovira-Garcia, Adria
name: González-Casado, Guillermo
name: Ibáñez, Deimos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: This tool aims to provide an ionospheric activity indicator useful for identifying disturbedperiods affecting the performance of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This indexis based in the Along Arc TEC Rate (AATR) and can be easily computed from dual-frequency GNSS measurements. In (Juan, et al., 2018), the AATR indicator has been assessedover more than one Solar Cycle (2002–2017) involving about 140 receivers distributed world-wide. Results show that it is well correlated with the ionospheric activity, sensitive to theregional behavior of the ionosphere and identifies specific effects on GNSS users. Moreover,from a devoted analysis of different Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)performances in different ionospheric conditions, it follows that the AATR indicator is a verysuitable mean to reveal whether SBAS service availability anomalies are linked to theionosphere. On this account, the AATR indicator has been selected as the metric tocharacterize the ionosphere operational conditions in the frame of the European SpaceAgency activities on the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System (EGNOS). TheAATR index has been adopted as a standard tool by the International Civil AviationOrganization (ICAO) for joint ionospheric studies in SBAS.Travelling ionospheric disturbances (TID) are understood as plasma density fluctuations thatpropagate through the ionosphere at velocities of around 100 m/s over periods of around 1000seconds. MSTIDs are mostly associated with ionospheric coupling with the lower atmosphereand, having no clear correlation with the geomagnetic activity. MSTIDs occur in theionosphere (almost) all the time. The basic observable that it is used in this program to detectTIDs is the geometry-free (or ionospheric) combination of the two GPS carrier phases, withmeasurement noise at the level of few millimeters. This is the basic input to estimate themedium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) characteristics. This procedureallows the study of any ionospheric perturbation and can be used to estimate propagationparameters (from a network of receivers). With this technique it is possible to detect, in any ofthe receivers, the fluctuations associated with the TIDs. Moreover, correlating thesefluctuations on the different receivers in the network, it is possible to estimate the propagationparameters (propagation direction, velocity and amplitude)
Machine Learning Application to Two-Dimensional Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Ferromagnets
Creators: name: Singh, Vinit Kumar
name: Han, Jung Hoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Principles of machine learning are applied to models that support skyrmion phases in two dimensions. Successful feature predictions on various phases of the skyrmion model were possible with several layers of convolutional neural network inserted together with several neural network layers. A new training scheme based on features of the input configuration such as magnetization and spin chirality is introduced. It proved possible to further train external parameters such as the magnetic field and temperature and make reliable predictions on them. Algorithms trained on only the z-component or the xy-components of the spin gave equally reliable predictions. The predictive capacity of the algorithm extended to configurations not generated by the original model, but related ones. A procedure for integrating the machine learning algorithm into the interpretation of experimental data is given.
description: published version
LIBER Webinar: Generating Metadata With AI - Experience of the National Library of the Netherlands
Creators: name: Kleppe, Martijn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: AI, Artificial Intelligence, research libraries, metadata

description: While librarians have been describing books manually for decades, several libraries are now experimenting with methods to automatically create metadata.  Thanks to the growing volume of publications in electronic format, and the increase of artificial intelligence (AI) applications such as machine learning, there is a growing possibility for computers to interpret electronic texts and assist librarians when describing publications. During this webinar, Martijn Kleppe — Head of Research of the National Library of the Netherlands (KB) — discussed lessons learned by the KB learned during their first experiments, as recently described in a whitepaper. Without going into technical details, he emphasized the lessons learned and gave advice to colleagues considering experimenting with AI techniques to automatically describe publications. The webinar host was Jeannette Frey, President of LIBER and director of the Bibliothèque Cantonale et Universitaire (BCU) Lausanne.
Additional file 4: of Severely malnourished children with a low weight-for-height have a higher mortality than those with a low mid-upper-arm-circumference: I. Empirical data demonstrates Simpsonâ s paradox
Creators: name: Grellety, Emmanuel
name: Golden, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S4. Statistical data on the meta-analysis comparing WHZ-only vs MUAC-only by Region, oedema and treatment facility/program. (DOCX 14 kb)
Substructure in Dark Halos: Orbital Eccentricities and Dynamical Friction
Creators: name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Lake, George
name: Stadel, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the distributions of eccentricities of orbits within mass distributions like those we see for galaxies and clusters. A comprehensive understanding of these orbital properties is essential to calculate the rates of physical processes relevant to the formation and evolution of galaxies and clusters. We derive the orbital eccentricity distributions for a number of spherical potentials. These distributions depend strongly on the velocity anisotropy, but only slightly on the shape of the potential. We also present high resolution N-body simulations of the orbital decay of satellite systems on eccentric orbits in an isothermal halo. The dynamical friction timescales are found to decrease with increasing orbital eccentricity, but the dependence is weaker than previously suggested. The orbital eccentricity stays remarkably constant throughout the decay; although the eccentricity decreases near pericenter, it increases again near apocenter, such that there is no net circularization. Finally, we discuss a number of applications. We find that the distribution of orbital eccentricities of the globular clusters in the Milky Way is consistent with a close to isotropic velocity distribution. The limited data on the galactic system of satellites, however, appears to be different and warrants further investigation as a clue to the formation and evolution of our Milky Way and its halo substructure.
description: 47 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Reversible effects as inverse arrows
Creators: name: Heunen, Chris
name: Kaarsgaard, Robin
name: Karvonen, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reversible computing models settings in which all processes can be reversed. Applications include low-power computing, quantum computing, and robotics. It is unclear how to represent side-effects in this setting, because conventional methods need not respect reversibility. We model reversible effects by adapting Hughes' arrows to dagger arrows and inverse arrows. This captures several fundamental reversible effects, including serialization and mutable store computations. Whereas arrows are monoids in the category of profunctors, dagger arrows are involutive monoids in the category of profunctors, and inverse arrows satisfy certain additional properties. These semantics inform the design of functional reversible programs supporting side-effects.
description: 15 pages; corrected Example 3.6
A Physical Limit to the Magnetic Fields of T Tauri Stars
Creators: name: Safier, Pedro N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent estimates of magnetic field strengths in T Tauri stars yield values $B=1$--$4\,{\rm kG}$. In this paper, I present an upper limit to the photospheric values of $B$ by computing the equipartition values for different surface gravities and effective temperatures. The values of $B$ derived from the observations exceed this limit, and I examine the possible causes for this discrepancy.
The Survival of The Core Fundamental Plane Against Galactic Mergers
Creators: name: Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly
name: Richstone, Douglas O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an effective simulation method and applied it to the problem of the accretion of very dense secondary companions by tenuous primaries. We have studied the accretion of objects of varying luminosity ratios, with sizes and densities drawn from the core Fundamental Plane for elliptical galaxies under the assumption that the mass distribution in the central parts of the galaxies follows the light. The results indicate that in mergers with mass ratios greater than 10, the smaller object is only stripped down to the highest density encountered in the primary during the accretion process. Thus, the form of the core Fundamental Plane suggests that the mass distribution in these galaxy centers is different than the light distribution, or that mergers on the core Fundamental Plane require more than the dynamics of visible stars.
description: 30 pages LaTeX, 18 figures
Astrometric Microlensing as a Method of Discovering and Characterizing Extra-Solar Planets
Creators: name: Safizadeh, Neda
name: Dalal, Neal
name: Griest, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new method of searching for and characterizing extra-solar planets. We show that by monitoring the center-of-light motion of microlensing alerts using the next generation of high precision astrometric instruments the probability of detecting a planet orbiting the lens is high. We show that adding astrometric information to the photometric microlensing lightcurve greatly helps in determining the planetary mass and semi-major axis. We introduce astrometric maps as a new way for calculating astrometric motion and planet detection probabilities. Finite source effects are important for low mass planets, but even Earth mass planets can give detectable signals.
description: 9 pages includes 8 postscript figures, AAS Latex, submitted to ApJ
Evaluation of a new approach to the management of advanced chronic heart failure: use of implantable left ventricular assist devices as a bridge to heart transplantation in the UK
Creators: name: Emin, Akan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: Heart Transplantation (HTx) remains the standard treatment for patients with advanced chronic heart failure (ACHF). Over the last 20 years, despite rising donor numbers, practitioners have observed a decline in the numbers of adult HTx in the UK. Due to this decline and due to increasing waiting times for HTx more patients are requiring a ventricular assist device (VAD) as a bridge to heart transplantation (BTT). This work aims to evaluate VAD practice in the UK and to describe outcomes, which include survival and quality of life. Methods: A national audit study was undertaken to collect VAD data. The data was recorded in a database and analysed. An audit of quality of life was also undertaken and all adult HTx centres participated. Quality of life (QoL) data was collected from patients who were being medically treated for ACHF; patients who had received a VAD and patients who had received a heart transplant. Results: 247 patients received VADs within the study period. The use of 3rd-gen devices increased over time. The median duration of support increased from 141 days (interquartile range 80 to 253 days) to 578 days (lower quartile 204 days). Survival improved with device generation (p=0.003). At 1-year, 50.0% of patients receiving a 1st generation device were alive (95% CI 34.9 to 63.3%) compared to 76.9% of patients receiving a 3rd generation device (95%CI 68.0 to 83.6%). 386 patients completed QoL questionnaires. Patients after HTx reported the best QoL; patients with LVADs reported better QoL scores than patients being assessed for HTx and patients listed for HTx on medical therapy. Conclusions: VAD implantation has improved and increased, and has become a credible option for some patients awaiting HTx. Quality of life for patients with VADs is better than patients being treated with maximal medical therapy
Robust methods for medical image registration with application in clinical diagnosis
Creators: name: Santos Ribeiro, Andre Filipe
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Automated analysis of medical imaging data allows both researchers and clinicians to develop more accurate and faster diagnoses. Image registration plays an essential role in both longitudinal studies and group analysis, allowing the combination of different imaging modalities, and automatic parcellation of regions of interest. Despite its wide use, image registration is still challenging with many issues such as artefacts, scarcity of correspondences, multi-modality, and computational complexity. Additionally, due to the lack of highly annotated datasets, the validation of image registration, and specifically non-linear registration, is also problematic. In this thesis several of these issues are addressed by introducing: a framework to validate non-linear registration methods; a robust and fast algorithm for non-linear registration; and validating the proposed methods in a conventional analysis. Current techniques used for non-linear image registration validation are explored, and it is shown that techniques based on label overlap are both not theoretically valid while also having poor accuracy. This analysis further leads to the development of a multiscale metric to minimize these problems. Also, a method based on the Demons Framework is proposed to improve the convergence speed of non-linear registration algorithms, and further extended to be robust in the presence of intensity inhomogeneities and contrast variations. The proposed methods are validated in a synthetic simulation platform with a known ground truth, compared with a manually traced region-of-interest, and tested in a voxel-based morphometry analysis of real data. It is shown that the proposed methods outperform other leading registration methods in both the synthetic simulation study and the manually traced data, and present reliable results in the voxel-based morphometry analysis. Furthermore, the impact of different registration algorithms is explored through the voxel-based morphometry study, and shown to affect the final results and their interpretation.
Structural health monitoring of composite laminates under operational conditions using piezoelectric transducers
Creators: name: Salmanpour, Mohammad Saleh
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis investigates guided wave ultrasonic damage detection under different environments relevant to aerospace applications. The survivability of airborne SHM components are investigated, and damage detection techniques for a range of extreme environmental conditions are proposed, with emphasis on carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) and piezoelectric transducers. To assess the robustness and integrity of the transducers, a set of environmental test profiles are developed which are relevant to airborne electronics. The performance of commercially available and manufactured transducers are investigated when exposed to the test profiles. Transducer types found to be robust to these conditions are used for developing damage localisation approaches under extreme conditions. Transducer arrangement is also an important factor in accurate damage localisation. A method for optimal transducer placement is presented, finding the largest coverage area with a limited number of transducers while still achieving accurate damage localisation. The main novelties are the ability to account for the presence of stiffeners, incorporating different damage types and transducer failure. Two methods for damage detection under varying operational conditions are presented: instantaneous baseline and temperature compensation. Both developed methods use the delay-and-sum approach, without the need for a large library of baseline signals. The developed temperature compensation method, reduces the non-damage related environmental residual by applying stretch based correction. The novelty is in accurate damage localisation over a large temperature range with only one baseline by using a range of stretch factors. The instantaneous baseline method exploits symmetry of the transducer network to record baselines at the same instant as interrogation, under the same conditions. This allows accurate damage localisation without the need for sets of baseline signals or temperature compensation in isotropic and quasi-isotropic material. Both of these methods are verified experimentally for detection of a crack in an aluminium plate, barely visible impact damage (BVID) in CFRP plates and a stiffened fuselage panel.
MOESM9 of Spatial analyzes of HLA data in Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil: genetic structure and possible correlation with autoimmune diseases
Creators: name: Boquett, Juliano
name: Zagonel-Oliveira, Marcelo
name: Jobim, Luis
name: Jobim, Mariana
name: Luiz Gonzaga
name: Veronez, Maurício
name: Fagundes, Nelson
name: Schüler-Faccini, Lavínia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 9. Spearman’s determination coefficient, Spearman’s correlation coefficient and root mean square error for each interpolated map.
Additional file 1: of Exome sequencing study in patients with multiple sclerosis reveals variants associated with disease course
Creators: name: Gil-Varea, Elia
name: Urcelay, Elena
name: Vilariño-Güell, Carles
name: Costa, Carme
name: Midaglia, Luciana
name: Matesanz, Fuencisla
name: Rodríguez-Antigüedad, Alfredo
name: Oksenberg, Jorge
name: Espino-Paisan, Laura
name: A. Dessa Sadovnick
name: Saiz, Albert
name: Villar, Luisa
name: García-Merino, Juan
name: Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
name: Triviño, Juan
name: Quintana, Ester
name: Robles, René
name: Sánchez-López, Antonio
name: Arroyo, Rafael
name: Alvarez-Cermeño, Jose
name: Vidal-Jordana, Angela
name: Malhotra, Sunny
name: Fissolo, Nicolas
name: Montalban, Xavier
name: Comabella, Manuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the MS patients with benign and aggressive disease courses. Figure S1. IGSF9B expression levels in PBMC from MS patients stratified according to the genetic variant associated with disease course. Figure S2. GTEx eQTLs of rs10894768 associations with IGSF9B expression in thyroid and pancreas tissues. (DOC 551 kb)
Large-$N_c$ Relationships Among Two-Derivative Pionless Effective Field Theory Couplings
Creators: name: Schindler, Matthias R.
name: Singh, Hersh
name: Springer, Roxanne P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze two-derivative two-nucleon interactions in a combined pionless effective field theory and large-$N_c$ expansion. At leading order in the large-$N_c$ expansion, relationships among low-energy constants emerge. We find these to be consistent with experiment. However, it is critical to correctly address the subtraction-point dependence of the low-energy constants. These results provide additional confidence that the dual-expansion procedure is useful for analyzing low-energy few-body observables.
description: 33 pages, 5 figures, version accepted for publication
Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals: optical limiting and hyper-computing
Creators: name: Smolyaninov, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photonic hyper-crystals combine the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals. Since the dispersion law of extraordinary photons in hyperbolic metamaterials does not exhibit the usual diffraction limit, photonic hyper-crystals exhibit light localization on deep subwavelength scales, leading to considerable enhancement of nonlinear photon-photon interaction. Therefore, similar to their conventional photonic crystal counterparts, nonlinear photonic hyper-crystals appear to be very promising in optical limiting and optical computing applications. Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals may be formulated in such a way that one of the spatial coordinates would play a role of effective time in a 2+1 dimensional optical spacetime describing light propagation in the hyper-crystal. Mapping the conventional optical computing onto nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals results in a hyper-computing scheme, which may considerably accelerate computation time.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, this version is accepted for publication in JOSA B
Columba oenas Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Columbiformes
Columbidae
Columba
Columba oenas

description: Columba oenas [spec. nov.]
C. caerulescens, collo supra viridi-nitente, fascia alarum apiceque caudae nigricante. Fn. svec. 174.
Oenas s. Vinago. Aldr. orn. l. 15. c. 7. Will. orn. 136. t. 35. Raj. av 62. Alb. av. 3. p. 39. t. 42. 44.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 162, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Microparticles and their role in thrombosis in Behçet's Syndrome and their potential as a biomarker for thrombotic risk
Creators: name: Khan, Abdullah Rubiat (Emon)
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Thrombosis is common in Behçet’s Syndrome (BS), and there is a clear need both for a better understanding of causation and for biomarkers to enable thrombotic risk assessment. I set out to determine whether plasma microparticles (MP), particularly tissue factor expressing (TF+ MP) were increased in BS. Additionally, I investigated whether MP expressing tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) were also evident. Finally, I investigated whether these MP had a functional consequence role. MP were prepared from 88 BS patients and 72 healthy controls. The BS group contained 21 patients with a history of thrombosis (Th+) and 67 without (Th-). MP were identified by size and annexin V binding using flow cytometry, and were further analysed with antibodies to surface antigens. Assays used to assess the function of MP were an in-house coagulation lysis assay, calibrated automated thrombin generation assay and Factor Xa generation assay. Total MP numbers were increased in BS compared to HC, as were MP expressing TF and TFPI (all p < 0.001). Amongst BS patients, the Th+ group had increased total and TF positive MP (both p < 0.001) compared to the Th- group, but a lower proportion of TFPI positive MPs (p < 0.05). Consequently, the ratio of TFPI to TF MP counts (TFPI/TF) was significantly lower in Th+ versus Th- BS patients (p < 0.001), with no history of clinical thrombosis in BS patients with a TFPI/TF MP ratio > 0.7. Functional assays revealed no correlation with MP count. I conclude that MP expressing TF are increased in BS, more so in patients with thrombosis. An imbalance between microparticulate TF and TFPI may be pathophysiologically important for thrombosis in BS and may allow improved identification and appropriate treatment of thrombotic risk.
Analysis of the $\bar{D}Σ_c$, $\bar{D}Σ_c^*$, $\bar{D}^{*}Σ_c$ and $\bar{D}^{*}Σ_c^*$ pentaquark molecular states with QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the $\bar{D}Σ_c$, $\bar{D}Σ_c^*$, $\bar{D}^{*}Σ_c$ and $\bar{D}^{*}Σ_c^*$ pentaquark molecular states with the QCD sum rules by carrying out the operator product expansion up to the vacuum condensates of dimension $13$ in a consistent way. The present calculations support assigning the $P_c(4312)$ to be the $\bar{D}Σ_c$ pentaquark molecular state with $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^-$, assigning the $P_c(4380)$ to be the $\bar{D}Σ_c^*$ pentaquark molecular state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^-$, assigning the $P_c(4440/4457)$ to be the $\bar{D}^{*}Σ_c$ pentaquark molecular state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^-$ or the $\bar{D}^{*}Σ_c^*$ pentaquark molecular state with $J^P={\frac{5}{2}}^-$. Special attentions are payed to the operator product expansion.
description: 39 pages, 46 figures
The Molecule-Rich Tail of the Peculiar Galaxy NGC 2782 (Arp 215)
Creators: name: Smith, Beverly J.
name: Struck, Curtis
name: Kenney, Jeffrey D. P.
name: Jogee, Shardha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first detection of a large quantity of molecular gas in the extended tail of an interacting galaxy. Using the NRAO 12m telescope, we have detected CO (1 - 0) at five locations in the eastern tail of the peculiar starburst galaxy NGC 2782. The CO velocities and narrow (FWHM = 50 km/s) line widths in these positions agree with those seen in HI, confirming that the molecular gas is indeed associated with the tail rather than the main disk. As noted previously, the gas in this tail has an apparent `counter-rotation' compared to gas in the core of the galaxy, probably because the tails do not lie in the same plane as the disk. Assuming the standard Galactic conversion N(H2)/I(CO) factor, these observations indicate a total molecular gas mass of 6 X 10**8 M(sun) in this tail. This may be an underestimate of the total H2 mass if the gas is metal-poor. This molecular gas mass, and the implied H2/HI mass ratio of 0.6, are higher than that found in many dwarf irregular galaxies. Comparison with an available H-alpha map of this galaxy, however, shows that the rate of star formation in this feature is extremely low relative to the available molecular gas, compared to L(H-alpha)/M(H2) values for both spiral and irregular galaxies. Thus the timescale for depletion of the gas in this feature is very long.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, Latex. To appear in the Astronomical Journal
Sigmatropic rearrangement – metathesis based approaches to cyclopentadienes
Creators: name: Coulson, Bethan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: This thesis is divided into four chapters. Chapter one is a review of cyclopentadienes (Cps), and is split by sub-classification of applications in organometallics, applications in organic methodology, synthesis of complex Cps from post carbocycle modification and de novo synthesis of Cp. Chapter two introduces the decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement (dCr) and details investigations of the application of this reaction towards Cp synthesis using three different activating groups. Chapter three focuses on the decarboxylative Claisen rearrangement (dCr) from a computational aspect. It begins with a brief review of the mechanism of the [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement and examples of density functional theory (DFT) to rationalise Ireland-Claisen rearrangements. The kinetic data of [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of tosyl malonates is studied and compared to DFT calculations. The method devised is tested on literature dCr reactions and then used predictively to interpret synthetic outcomes. Chapter four provides experimental procedures and characterisation data.