cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Behavior of Quarkonium Formation and Deconfinement Signals
Creators: name: Thews, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We anticipate new features of quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies which differ from a straightforward extrapolation of results at CERN SPS energy. General arguments indicate that one may expect quarkonium formation rates to increase more rapidly with energy and centrality than the production rate of the heavy quarks which they contain. This is due to new formation mechanisms in which independently-produced quarks and antiquarks form a bound quarkonium state. This mechanism will depend quadratically on the total number of initially-produced heavy quark pairs, and becomes numerically significant only at RHIC and LHC energy. When viewed as a signal of color deconfinement, a transition from suppression to enhancement may be observed. Explicit model calculations are presented, in which one can follow striking variations of final quarkonium production within a range of parameter space.
description: To appear in the proceedings of Pan American Advanced Studies Institute on New States of Matter in Hadronic Interactions (PASI 2002), Campos do Jordao, Brazil, 7-18 Jan 2002; American Institute of Physics 2002
Impact of ion motion on atom-ion confinement-induced resonances in hybrid traps
Creators: name: Melezhik, Vladimir S.
name: Idziaszek, Zbigniew
name: Negretti, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81-xx, 81Uxx, 81Vxx

description: We investigate confinement-induced resonances in atom-ion quantum mixtures confined in hybrid traps. Specifically, we consider an ion confined in a time-dependent radio-frequency Paul trap with linear geometry, while the atom is constrained to move into a quasi-one-dimensional optical waveguide within the ion trap. We evaluate the impact of the ion intrinsic micromotion on the resonance position. Thus, we solve the atom-ion dynamics semiclassically, namely the atom dynamics is governed by the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, whereas the ion motion is described by the classical Hamilton equations. We find that the energy of the ion provided by the oscillating radiofrequency fields can affect the resonance position substantially. Notwithstanding, the peculiar phenomenology of those resonances regarding perfect transmission and reflection is still observable. These findings indicate that the intrinsic micromotion of the ion is not detrimental for the occurrence of the resonance and that its position can be controlled by the radiofrequency fields. This provides an additional mean for tuning atom-ion interactions in low spatial dimensions. The study represents an important advancement in the scattering physics of compound atomic quantum systems in time-dependent traps.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
NNLM National Evaluation Center Kickoff (Year 4)
Creators: name: Hoyo, Verónica
name: Herzog, Keith
name: Holmes, Kristi
name: NNLM National Evaluation Center
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: NNLM
NNLM NEC
Evaluation

description: NNLM NEC Year 4 Kickoff presentation for the NNLM staff, presented on  July 26, 2024.  The NEC team contributed to this presentation.

This resource is supported by the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U24LM013751. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Developing Cost Functions for a Wheat Breeding Program
Creators: name: Brennan, John P.
name: Martin, Peter J.
name: Brennan, John P.
name: Martin, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: crop improvement
subject: breeding
subject: economics
subject: marginal cost
subject: average cost

description: To assist in the management of plant breeding programs, and particularly in managing change, the detailed cost structure and the nature of the cost function facing plant breeders need to be known. In this paper, an attempt is made to define a cost function for a representative wheat breeding program. The improved understanding of the cost function enables the implications for the potential uses of new breeding technologies such as genetic markers or physiological measurements to be explored to increase the efficiency of breeding programs. It also provides a basis for assessing the extent to which costs vary with the size of a breeding program.
Pholcus wuyiensis Zhu & Gong 1991
Creators: name: Zhang, Feng
name: Zhu, Ming-Sheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Pholcidae
Pholcus
Pholcus wuyiensis

description: Pholcu s wuyiensis Zhu & Gong, 1991
(Fig. 55)
 Pholcu s wuyiensis Zhu & Gong 1991: 23, f. 5A–G. Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 63, f. 25T–W.
 Diagnosis. This species resembles P. clavatus in the shape of the palpal bulb, but can be distinguished from it by the procursus with a brush-shaped apophysis prolaterally (Fig. 55F), by the chelicerae without a pair of round apophyses proximocentrally (Fig. 55E), and by the relatively large pore plates of the epigynum (Fig. 55C).
 Redescription. Male (holotype), total length 5.1: cephalothorax 1.3 long, 1.3 wide; abdomen 3.8 long, 1.3 wide. Leg I: 42.3 (10.6+0.9+10.0+18.2+2.6), tibia II: 7.2, tibia III: 5.5, tibia IV: 6.8; tibia I L/D: 62. Carapace short, broad and almost circular, ochre, with brown marks broadly connecting to ocular area. Cephalic region raised, with brown longitudinal stripes centrally, ocular area dark yellow. Clypeus 0.54, slightly ochre, with a pair of brown marks centrally. Distance AME–AME 0.05. Chelicerae as in Fig. 55E, with pair of black serrated apophyses distally and pair of unsclerotized thumb-shaped apophyses proximolaterally. Labium and endites yellowish brown. Sternum blackish brown, without pattern on it. Femora, patellae and tibiae ochre, with dark rings, metatarsi and tarsi dark brown. Abdomen cylindrical, fawn, dorsum with numerous small blackish brown spots. Venter pale brown, without markings. Palps as in Figs. 55F–G, bulb with a tile-shaped uncus, appendix split into two parts, procursus with a brush-shaped apophysis prolaterally.
 Variation. Tibia I in five male paratypes: 9.5–10.1 (mean 9.9). Body length in five male paratypes: 4.6–5.1.
Female: in general very similar to male. Total length of bodies 4.7–5.5. A specimen measured (‘allotype’), total length 5.5: cephalothorax 1.3 long, 1.5 wide; abdomen 4.2 long, 1.3 wide. Tibia I: 9.3. Prosoma shape as in Fig. 55A. Distance AME–AME 0.06. Abdomen cylindrical, fawn, dorsum with numerous small blackish brown spots as in Fig. 55A. Epigynum roughly triangular as in Fig. 55B, with a small knob-shaped apophysis on the top. Dorsal view as in Fig. 55C, with a rainbow-shaped sclerotized arch anteriorly and a pair of oval pore plates posteriorly.
 Distribution. Known from type locality only.
 Material examined. CHINA: Fujian, Chong’an County, Mt. Wuyi, July 19, 1986, leg. M. S. Zhu and L. S. Gong, male holotype, female ‘allotype’, 6♂, 5♀ paratypes (MHBU); Mt. Wuyi, May 18, 2004, leg. F. Zhang, 1♂, 4♀ (MHBU).
description: Published as part of Zhang, Feng & Zhu, Ming-Sheng, 2009, A review of the genus Pholcus (Araneae: Pholcidae) from China, pp. 1-114 in Zootaxa 2037 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2235.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5317608
CROWDSOURCING BASED MICRO NAVIGATION SYSTEM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Creators: name: Shi, Quan
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Mobility and safety are primary concerns for blind and visually impaired (BVI) users when navigating in unfamiliar environments. Typically, a sighted person can locate a place of interest if they are provided guidance while approaching within a few meters of the location. However, this resolution of guidance is often insufficient for blind travelers. In this thesis, we propose a crowdsourcing based micro navigation system for BVI users in both indoor and outdoor environments. To achieve this goal, our system includes three parts: crowdsourcing reports generated by volunteers using the volunteer application, landmarks validation performed by the system administrator using the admin application, and the BVI user navigation obtained through the BVI user application. In addition, we provide accessible audio navigation for indoor and outdoor environments required to deliver real time step by step landmark information to BVI users.
Crowdsourcing is enabled by the contribution of many volunteers which use the proposed volunteer application to report specific landmarks in the environment including their location, description and surrounding landmarks. These reports which are uploaded to the server database, are validated by the admin application which updates the server database and deploy BLE tags for indoor environment. The BVI user application localizes users by GPS outdoors and BLE proximity technology indoors. Using the real-time location of users and the landmark node graph we built from updated server database, this application provides the shortest route to the destination and real time “micro-navigation” information describing how to get to the next landmark’s location with corresponding distance & orientation. This information is used ix to make users well aware of where they are, and guide users to their chosen destination within a cane’s distance.
This application will improve the confidence and safety of BVI users by enabling them to explore and get navigation in both indoor and outdoor environments.
A concept of Dirac-type tensor equations
Creators: name: Marchuk, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53Z05

description: Considering a four dimensional parallelisable manifold, we develop a concept of Dirac-type tensor equations with wave functions that belong to left ideals of the set of nonhomogeneous complex valued differential forms.
description: 34 pages
Scattering theory of transport through disordered magnets
Creators: name: Jakobsen, Martin Fonnum
name: Qaiumzadeh, Alireza
name: Brataas, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scattering theory of transport through noncollinear disordered magnetic insulators. For concreteness, we study and compare the random field model (RFM) and the random anisotropy model (RAM). The RFM and RAM are used to model random spin disorder systems and amorphous materials, respectively. We utilize the Landauer-Buttiker formalism to compute the transmission probability and spin conductance of one-dimensional disordered spin chains. The RFM and the RAM both exhibit Anderson localization, which means that the transmission probability and spin conductance decay exponentially with the system length. We define two localization lengths based on the transmission probability and the spin conductance, respectively. Next, we numerically determine the relationship between the localization lengths and the strength of the disorder. In the limit of weak disorder, we find that the localization lengths obey power laws and determine the critical exponents. Our results are expressed via the universal exchange length and are therefore expected to be general.
Leptocera longilimbata Buck & Marshall 2009, new species
Creators: name: Buck, Matthias
name: Marshall, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Leptocera
Leptocera longilimbata

description: Leptocera longilimbata Buck, new species
(Figs. 76–79)
 Description. Relatively small, body length ca. 2.2 mm. Indistinguishable from L. aequilimbata except for the following characters (Figs. 76–79): male sternite 5 with ca. nine long scales of subequal length (L. aequilimbata has only 5–8 scales, and in those specimens with more numerous scales the lateral ones are always distinctly shorter than the medial ones). Anterior section of surstylus with point of anterior process more projecting (appearing longer) in lateral view (though some L. aequilimbata have the point more projecting than in Fig. 38); ventral lobe with long posterior bristle more removed from dorsal margin than in L. aequilimbata, second bristle from hind margin inserted dorsomedial to crest of ventral lobe (its socket thus not visible in lateral view; in L. aequilimbata this bristle is inserted on the crest with socket visible in lateral view).
 Female unknown, probably very similar to L. aequilimbata.
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (CNCI): CHILE, Reg. Coquimbo, Hacienda Illapel, 2,300–2,600 m, 20.xi.1954, L.E. Peña. Paratype ♂ (CNCI): same data as holotype except 2,600 m.
 Etymology. The species name refers to the long marginal scales of male sternite 5 (Lat. longus: long; limbatus: bordered) and alludes to the close relationship with L. aequilimbata.
 Distribution. At present only known from the type locality in central Chile where it occurs at moderately high elevations (2,300 –2,600 m). The widespread Chilean species L. neocurvinervis is known from the same locality (see Material examined) but occurs at significantly lower elevations (600–1,200 m).
 Discussion. This species is very close to L. aequilimbata. As discussed under the latter, L. aequilimbata shows considerable variation in the length of marginal scales of male sternite 5, one of the characters that separate the two species. We are nonetheless confident that L. longilimbata is in fact a good species because of additional surstylar differences (see Description) and because a male of L. aequilimbata from Jujuy Province, Argentina (the locality closest to the type locality of L. longilimbata sp.n.) has relatively short scales on sternite 5 (in L. aequilimbata the longest scales were found in specimens from Lake Titicaca, towards the northern end of its range).
description: Published as part of Buck, Matthias & Marshall, Stephen A., 2009, Revision of New World Leptocera Olivier (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae), pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 2039 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2039.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5311868
Monte Carlo variations as a tool to assess nuclear physics uncertainties in nucleosynthesis studies
Creators: name: Rauscher, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The propagation of uncertainties in reaction cross sections and rates of neutron-, proton-, and $α$-induced reactions into the final isotopic abundances obtained in nucleosynthesis models is an important issue in studies of nucleosynthesis and Galactic Chemical Evolution. We developed a Monte Carlo method to allow large-scale postprocessing studies of the impact of nuclear uncertainties on nucleosynthesis. Temperature-dependent rate uncertainties combining realistic experimental and theoretical uncertainties are used. The importance of contributions of cross sections of reactions on excited states of the nuclear targets, which have weights different from from the thermal Boltzmann population factors, is explained. From detailed statistical analyses of the Monte Carlo data uncertainties in the final abundances are derived as probability density distributions. Furthermore, based on rate and abundance correlations an automated procedure identifies the most important reactions in complex flow patterns from superposition of many zones or tracers. The method already has been applied to a number of nucleosynthesis processes.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure; Proceedings of the 27th International Nuclear Physics Conference, Glasgow, UK, 2019; to appear in J. Phys. Conf. Proc; v2: reference added, typos fixed
Leptogenesis in models with multi-Higgs bosons
Creators: name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Okada, Nobuchika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the leptogenesis scenario in models with multi-Higgs doublets. It is pointed out that the washing-out process through the effective dimension five interactions, which has not been taken into account seriously in the conventional scenario, can be effective, and the resultant baryon asymmetry can be exponentially suppressed. This fact implies new possible scenario where the observed baryon asymmetry is the remnant of the washed out lepton asymmetry which was originally much larger than the one in the conventional scenario. Our new scenario is applicable to some neutrino mass matrix models which predict too large CP-violating parameter and makes them viable through the washing-out process.
description: Latex 2e, 11 pages, 2 figures. Many parts in the original manuscript have been revised, but conclusions are unchanged
Selected design issues of a dedicated facility for generic QCD studies
Creators: name: Krasny, Mieczyslaw Witold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QCD, even if presently out of fashion, deserves a dedicated, generic research program providing new challenges for the theory and aiming at understanding hadronic matter and vacuum in terms of quark and gluon degrees of freedom. Such a research program needs a dedicated facility to re-address basic questions which remain unanswered and to open new vistas.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, talk at Workshop on the Spin Structure of the Proton and Polarized Collider Physics
title: Paratexte (2)_Rimes d'amateur
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Paratexte
description: ID_PARA_00866
Understanding the Thermal Stability and Environmental Sensitivity of Phycocyanin using Spectroscopic and Modelling Tools
Creators: name: Toong, Cally
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Phycocyanin (PC), a pigment-protein conjugate from Arthrospira platensis, is increasingly used in foods as a natural alternative to artificial blue dyes. Although PC has been classified as a color additive exempt from certification by the Food and Drug Administration, its limited stability has hindered its widespread application in food products. The objectives of this study were: a) to evaluate the photophysical properties of PC and their sensitivity to temperature, viscosity, and water activity, b) to monitor PC’s thermal degradation based on changes in the optical properties of its intrinsic fluorophores, namely its chromophores and aromatic amino acids, and c) to extract PC’s thermal degradation kinetics parameters from non-isothermal degradation profiles and validate their predictive ability.
PC’s photophysical properties were monitored in solutions with viscosities from 1 to8000 mPa s and water activities, aw, from about 0 to 1. PC’s emission intensity showed high sensitivity to aw above 0.8 and mild sensitivity to the viscosity of its local environment. The effect of temperature on PC’s photophysical properties was tested in aqueous PC solutions (0.5 mM, pH: 6.1) subjected to non-isothermal temperature profiles with target temperatures from 42.5 to 80°C. The stability of PC was monitored in terms of its photophysical properties, i.e., fluorescence emission intensity, energy, and anisotropy (r) of its chromophore at set time intervals. Additionally, the photophysical properties of PC’s aromatic amino acids (AAs) tyrosine and tryptophan (lexc: 280 and 295 nm) were recorded. The thermal degradation kinetics of PC was assumed to follow a Weibullian model, and the temperature dependence of the degradation rate parameter, b(T), a logarithmic exponential model. Changes of PC fluorescence intensity under dynamic conditions were used to extract the degradation kinetics parameters using the endpoints method. Deviations between the estimated and experimental values were less than 10% for all temperature profiles. During thermal treatments, hypsochromic shifts of AAs’ emission spectra (from 340 to 315 nm) and significant increases in fluorescence anisotropy revealed that color losses were not solely associated with an alteration of the chromophore but with conformational changes and possible aggregation of the protein subunits. An increase in viscosity of the surrounding media provided a protected effect on discoloration during heating.
Adequate modeling approaches and molecular spectroscopic techniques can help to develop effective strategies to enhance thermal stability, expand its use as a color and functional ingredient and operationalize it as an endogenous sensor of food quality.
Relations between adolescent sensation seeking and traffic injury: Multiple-mediating effects of road safety attitudes, intentions and behaviors
Creators: name: Huarong Wang
name: Leishan Shi
name: Schwebel, David C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: Road traffic injuries to youth are a serious global public health concern. One contributor to adolescent injury risk is the tendency to engage in sensation seeking behaviors. The current study examined how sensation seeking personality might directly influence adolescent traffic injury, as well as how it might indirectly influence traffic injury as mediated by road safety attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Methods: 4470 adolescents of 10–15 years were recruited from 29 primary and secondary schools in China. Youth completed several self-report questionnaires, including measures of sensation seeking, road safety attitudes and intentions, and road user behaviors. Spearman correlations and logistic regression tested the direct effects of sensation seeking, road safety attitudes, road behavior intentions, and road user behaviors on traffic injury. Structural Equation Modeling evaluated a multiple mediation model of road safety attitudes, intentions, and behaviors as mediators of the association between sensation seeking and adolescent traffic injury. Results: Correlation coefficients between traffic injury and the other variables ranged from 0.01 to 0.15, with moderate relations emerging between adolescent traffic injury and most other variables. Logistic regression analysis showed that Disinhibition sensation seeking, road safety attitudes, and road user behaviors predicted adolescent traffic injury significantly (OR = 1.03, 0.35, 2.99, respectively). The multiple mediation model analysis indicated that, after controlling for adolescent gender and age, most paths were significant: both road safety attitudes and road user behaviors mediated the association between Disinhibition and traffic injury, and road safety attitudes, road behavior intentions, and road user behaviors sequentially mediated the relation between Disinhibition and traffic injury. Conclusions: There were direct effects of Disinhibition sensation seeking, road safety attitudes, and road user behaviors on adolescent traffic injury. Sensation seeking also indirectly affected adolescent traffic injury through multiple mediating roles of road safety attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. Implications for traffic injury prevention and training are discussed.
Adding Value to Aquaculture Products: Kati Farms (Uganda) Ltd.
Creators: name: Cadilhon, Jean-Joseph
name: Kobusingye, Lovin
name: Cadilhon, Jean-Joseph
name: Kobusingye, Lovin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: fish processing
subject: supply chain management
subject: business incubator
subject: Uganda

description: Kati Farms (U) Ltd is a fish agro-processing enterprise led by Lovin Kobusingye, a young entrepreneur linking Ugandan fish farmers with markets. Because fish farmers were having trouble finding marketing outlets for fresh farmed fish, Lovin started adding value to fish. Her breakthrough came when she thought of making sausages from fish. Lovin went through the process of developing her and her suppliers’ capacities and finding markets for her innovative products with the support of Ugandan government institutions. Kati Farms and her fish suppliers now reliably deliver processed fish products to 30 local supermarkets and 23 hotels, in addition to many low-income consumers through street vendors.
description: The IFAMR is published quarterly by the International Food and Agribusiness Management Association. For complete library visit: www.ifama.org
PSR J0030+0451, GW170817 and the nuclear data: joint constraints on equation of state and bulk properties of neutron stars
Creators: name: Jiang, Jin-Liang
name: Tang, Shao-Peng
name: Wang, Yuan-Zhu
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently the NICER collaboration has published the first-ever accurate measurement of mass and radius together for PSR J0030+0451, a nearby isolated quickly-rotating neutron star (NS). In this work we set the joint constraints on the equation of state (EoS) and some bulk properties of NSs with the data of PSR J0030+0451, GW170817 and some nuclear experiments. The piecewise polytropic expansion method and the spectral decomposition method have been adopted to parameterize the EoS. The resulting constraints are consistent with each other. Assuming the maximal gravitational mass of non-rotating NS $M_{\rm TOV}$ lies between $2.04 \rm M_{\odot}$ and $2.4 \rm M_{\odot}$, with the piecewise method the pressure at twice nuclear saturation density is measured to be $3.38^{+2.43}_{-1.50}\times 10^{34}~{\rm dyn~cm^{-2}}$ at the $90\%$ level. For a NS with canonical mass of $1.4 \rm M_\odot$, we have the moment of inertia $I_{1.4} = {1.43}^{+0.28}_{-0.13} \times 10^{38}~{\rm kg \cdot m^2}$, tidal deformability $Λ_{1.4} = 390_{-140}^{+320}$, radius $R_{1.4} = 12.2_{-0.9}^{+1.0}~{\rm km}$, and binding energy $BE_{1.4} = {0.16}^{+0.01}_{-0.02} \rm M_{\odot}$ at the $90\%$ level, which are improved in comparison to the constraints with the sole data of GW170817.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, ApJ accepted
Understanding producers’ motives to adopt sustainable practices: the role of expected rewards, risk perception, and risk tolerance
Creators: name: Hofenk, Dianne
name: Pennings, Joost
name: Trujillo-Barrera, Andres
name: Hofenk, Dianne
name: Pennings, Joost
name: Trujillo-Barrera, Andres
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: motives
subject: adoption of sustainable practices
subject: expected rewards
subject: risk perception
subject: risk tolerance

description: The purpose of this study is to examine producers’ motives underlying the adoption of sustainable practices. In particular, we focus on expected economic, social, and personal rewards, and examine the roles of producers’ risk perception and risk tolerance. Preliminary results from a survey of 164 hog producers show that the adoption of sustainable practices is affected by expected economic rewards, but not by social and personal rewards. Furthermore, perceived risk is a major barrier to the adoption of sustainable practices and risk tolerance strengthens the effect of expected economic rewards on the probability to adopt sustainable practices.
Economic incentives to the adoption of low input cropping systems: the case of multi-resistant wheat cultivars in France
Creators: name: Femenia, Fabienne
name: Letort, Elodie
name: Femenia, Fabienne
name: Letort, Elodie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: multi-crop ecometric model
subject: low input technology
subject: pesticide taxation
subject: agronomic data

description: Our main objective is to analyze the effects of policy instruments that could provide agricultural producers economic incentives to the adoption of innovative cropping practices and thereby allow a reduction of pesticide use. To do so, we combine economic data, reflecting the intensive cropping practices currently used in France, and experimental agronomic data, on a low input technology, to estimate econometric models. These models are then used to conduct policy simulations. Our results show that without public incentives producers would not adopt the new technology. We also show that a tax on pesticides generates larger effects when these low input practices are available to farmers.
The Inverse Problem: Extracting Time-Like from Space-Like Data
Creators: name: Baldini, R.
name: Pasqualucci, E.
name: Dubnička, S.
name: Gauzzi, P.
name: Pacetti, S.
name: Srivastava, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A practical strategy is presented and successfully implemented to determine form factors in the time-like but unphysical (below threshold) region using dispersion relations, in a model independent way without any bias towards expected resonances. Space and time-like data have been employed along with a regularization scheme to unfold and solve the integral equations. Remarkably, resonance structures with peaks for the $ρ(770)$, $ρ'(1600)$ and a structure near the $N\bar N$ threshold are automatically generated. The $Φ$ peak is invisible thus refuting suggestions about any sizeable $s\bar s$ content in the nucleon.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures, e^+e^- Physics at Intermediate Energies Workshop - Contribution T20
Influence of Household Chaos on Associations Between Physiology and Behavior
Creators: name: McCormick, Sarah
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: Internalizing behaviors, or behaviors related to behavioral inhibition and the tendency to withdraw from novelty or uncertainty, are stable over time. There is substantial evidence indicating the association between greater resting right lateralized frontal EEG alpha asymmetry and negative affect as well as internalizing behaviors (Coan & Allen, 2003; Henderson, Fox, & Rubin, 2001; Fox, 1991). Further, right frontal asymmetry has been shown to be a stable marker of the presence of psychosocial risk (e.g. child maltreatment; see Peltola, Bakermans-Kranenburg, Alink, Huffmeijer, Biro, & van IJzendoorn, 2014 for meta-analyses). However, little is known about the influences of the home and family environment on the link between EEG asymmetry and behavior. The current study examines the associations between resting frontal EEG asymmetry, temperament, and internalizing behaviors in the context of household chaos, as well as additional models. Participants included 247 6-year-old children recruited as part of a larger study on emotion regulation. Results suggest that while household chaos is marginally associated with concurrent internalizing behaviors, the association does not differ depending on patterns of hemispheric asymmetry. Methodological considerations and future directions are discussed. By understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying risk for internalizing problems as well as potential moderators of this link we can better inform the development and timing of effective prevention strategies.
Changes in Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity of Pinus Tabuliformis Plantation after 65 Years of near-naturalization in North China
Creators: name: Qiu, Zhenlu
name: Shi, Cong
name: Zhang, Mei
name: Tang, Lili
name: Li, Xueying
name: Zhao, Tiejian
name: Shi, Fuchen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Our study investigates the effect of near-naturalization of plantations on soil physicochemical and bacterial features and the difference between soil layers in Baxianshan National Nature Reserve. Four stands were involved, including two forest types: near-naturalized and natural secondary forests, with the former classified into three stages. Soil physicochemical and bacterial properties were determined and analyzed. TC, TN contents and C/N ratio of the surface soil were higher than the corresponding lower layer. TC, TN contents decreased first and then increased with near-naturalization, lower than the natural secondary forests, while the C/N ratio was the opposite; total and endemic OTUs quantity was more in the surface layer than the lower and both increased with near-naturalization; the dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and verrucomicrobia, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased with near-naturalization while that of other dominant phyla decreased; the α-diversity increased on the whole during near-naturalization and was lower than the natural secondary forests except for Simpson and Shannon index; environmental factors significantly explained the bacterial α-diversity and community structure of natural secondary forests but not near-naturalized forests. This study helps fully understand the change characteristics and response mechanisms of soil bacterial community structure to the restoration of the plantation.
Thermal Radiation Measurement and Development of Tunable Plasmonic Thermal Emitter Using Strain-induced Buckling in Metallic Layers
Creators: name: Kazemi-Moridani, Amir
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: An infrared radiometry setup has been developed based on a commercially available FTIR spectrometer for measuring mid-infrared thermal radiation. The setup was calibrated with a lab-built blackbody source. The setup was tested with a grating structure with 4-micron periodicity. Periodic microstructures using nickel and gold are fabricated on elastomeric substrates by use of strain-induced buckling of the nickel layer. The intrinsically low emissivity of gold in the mid-infrared regime is selectively enhanced by the surface plasmonic resonance at three different mid-infrared wavelengths, 4.5 µm, 6.3 µm, and 9.4 µm. As the thermal emission enhancement effect exists only for the polarization perpendicular to the orientation of the microstructures, substantially polarized thermal emission with an extinction ratio of close to 3 is demonstrated. Moreover, the elastically deformed plasmonic thermal emitters demonstrate strain-dependent emission peaks, which can be applied for future mechano-thermal sensing and dynamic thermal signature modulation.
Resolving vibro-acoustics in double porosity materials via a coupled multiscale finite element method
Creators: name: A. Sreekumar
name: S. P. Triantafyllou
name: F.-X. Bécot
name: F. Chevillotte
name: L. Jaouen
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Acoustic materials with non-standard material and geometrical layouts are deployed in buildings to improve sound absorption at targeted frequency bandwidths. Classical numerical models such as the Finite Element Method (FEM) can prove prohibitively expensive as very fine mesh discretizations are required to resolve high frequency waves and complex meso-scale morphologies. Upscaling methodologies like the Coupling Multiscale Finite Element Method (CMsFEM) can be used to achieve accelerated modelling strategies without significantly sacrificing accuracy. Here, complex interfaces and heterogeneous morphologies are resolved at the fine scale. These are mapped onto the coarse scale through a set of numerically evaluated basis functions. The governing equations are finally solved at the coarse-scale at a reduced computational cost. We originally apply the CMsFEM to the Biot equations for wave propagation in poroelastic media and employ it to treat porous materials with mesoscale perforations, i.e., double porosity materials. The efficiency and accuracy of the method are discussed with respect to numerical applications, using an in-house MATLAB code.
A Thermal Resistance Network Model for Heat Conduction of Amorphous Polymers
Creators: name: Zhou, Jun
name: Xi, Qing
name: He, Jixiong
name: Xu, Xiangfan
name: Nakayama, Tsuneyoshi
name: Wang, Yuanyuan
name: Liu, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal conductivities (TCs) of the vast majority of amorphous polymers are in a very narrow range, 0.1 $\sim$ 0.5 Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$, although single polymer chains possess TC of orders-of-magnitude higher. Entanglement of polymer chains plays an important role in determining the TC of bulk polymers. We propose a thermal resistance network (TRN) model for TC in amorphous polymers taking into account the entanglement of molecular chains. Our model explains well the physical origin of universally low TC observed in amorphous polymers. The empirical formulae of pressure and temperature dependence of TC can be successfully reproduced from our model not only in solid polymers but also in polymer melts. We further quantitatively explain the anisotropic TC in oriented polymers.
Were Neandertal Humeri Adapted for Spear Thrusting or Throwing?  A Finite Element Study
Creators: name: Berthaume, Michael Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2014

description: An ongoing debate concerning Neandertal ecology is whether or not they utilized long range weaponry. The anteroposteriorly expanded cross-section of Neandertal humeri have led some to argue they thrusted their weapons, while the rounder cross-section of Late Upper Paleolithic modern human humeri suggests they threw their weapons. We test the hypothesis that Neandertal humeri were built to resist strains engendered by thrusting rather than throwing using finite element models of one Neandertal, one Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) human and three recent human humeri, representing a range of cross-sectional shapes and sizes. Electromyography and kinematic data and articulated skeletons were used to determine muscle force magnitudes and directions during three positions of spear throwing and three positions of spear thrusting. Maximum von Mises strains were determined at the 35% and 50% cross-sections of all models. During throwing and thrusting, von Mises strains produced by the Neandertal humerus fell roughly within or below those produced by the modern human humeri. The EUP humerus performed similarly to the Neandertal, but slightly poorer during spear thrusting. This implies the Neandertal and EUP human humeri were just as well adapted at resisting strains during throwing as recent humans and just as well or worse adapted at resisting strains during thrusting as recent humans. We also did not find any correlation between strains and biomechanical metrics used to measure humeral adaptation in throwing and thrusting (retroversion angle, Imax/Imin, J). These results failed to support our hypothesis and suggest they were capable of using long distance weaponry.
Analysis of Selected Hop Aroma Compounds in Commercial Lager and Craft Beers Using HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS
Creators: name: Dennenlöhr, Johanna
name: Thörner, Sarah
name: Manowski, Aneta
name: Rettberg, Nils
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In recent years, hop aroma emerged as a key quality characteristic of popular beer styles. Accordingly, the instrumental analysis of hop derived odorants in beer advanced as a must have analytical technique for research and quality control purposes. Still, the analysis of hop aroma compounds is challenging. Substance concentrations might strongly vary depending on the beer style, matrix effects might hinder reliable quantification, and SPME-GC-MS based protocols are suspected to lack (long-term) stability. The current paper describes the validation and application of a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) – gas chromatography (GC) – tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method for analysis of 16 selected hop aroma compounds in beer. To enable rapid and reliable quantification of selected terpenes, terpenoids, and esters across a wide working range (1–1000 µg/L), instrumental parameters were optimized and three stable isotope labeled standards, namely d5-linalool, d2-myrcene, and d6-citronellol were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Extensive method validation and routine application proves the excellent selectivity, sensitivity, and robustness of the method in all relevant matrices such as light hopped lagers and dry-hopped ales.
Play in the Woods: The Role of the Dramaturg in Facilitating a Holistic, Slow Theater-Making Process
Creators: name: Nolan, Claudia
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2018

description: In this thesis, I document the ideas behind and my process for Play in the Woods, an experiment in slow theater-making that serves as a model for how dramaturgs can facilitate sustainable, holistic methods of performance. This model is grounded in feminist theater practices and the aesthetic of poor theater. In creating the performance of Play in the Woods, I as dramaturg invited participants to serve as co-creators, individually crafting pieces that examined fairytales and the role those stories have played on their lives. The performance was held out of doors at the Amethyst Brook Conservation Area on the afternoon of May 5th, 2018. This framework allowed for an examination of the role of childhood and memory, as well as space, place, and the natural world, on my and the other performers’ sense of self in light of our personal and cultural influences.
Unremarkable impact of Oatp inhibition on the liver concentration of fluvastatin, lovastatin and pitavastatin in wild-type and Oatp1a/1b knockout mouse
Creators: name: Chang, Jae H.
name: Zhang, Xiaolin
name: Messick, Kirsten
name: Chen, Yi-Chen
name: Chen, Eugene
name: Cheong, Jonathan
name: Ly, Justin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Virology

description: 1. Oatp inhibitors have been shown to significantly increase the plasma exposure of statins. However, understanding alterations of liver concentration is also important. While modeling has simulated liver concentration changes, availability of experimental data is limited, especially when concerning drug–drug interactions (DDI). The objective of this work was to determine blood and liver concentrations of fluvastatin, lovastatin and pitavastatin, when blocking uptake transporters. 2. In wild-type mouse, rifampin pre-treatment decreased the unbound liver-to-plasma ratio (Kp,uu) of fluvastatin by 4.2-fold to 2.2, lovastatin by 4.9-fold to 0.81 and pitavastatin by 10-fold to 0.21. Changes in Kp,uu were driven by increases in systemic exposures as liver concentrations were not greatly altered. 3. In Oatp1a/1b knockout mouse (KO), rifampin exerted no additional effect on fluvastatin and lovastatin. Contrarily, rifampin further decreased pitavastatin Kp,uu by 3.4-fold, suggesting that the KO is inadequate to completely block liver uptake of pitavastatin as there are additional rifampin-sensitive uptake mechanism(s) not captured in the KO model. 4. This work provides experimental data showing that the plasma compartment is more sensitive to Oatp modulation than the liver compartment, even for rifampin-mediated DDI. Consistent with previous simulations, inhibiting or targeting Oatps may change Kp,uu, but exhibit only a minimal effect on absolute liver concentrations.
The Oslo rice pile model is a quenched Edwards-Wilkinson equation
Creators: name: Pruessner, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Oslo rice pile model is a sandpile-like paradigmatic model of ``Self-Organized Criticality'' (SOC). In this paper it is shown that the Oslo model is in fact exactly a discrete realization of the much studied quenched Edwards-Wilkinson equation (qEW) [Nattermann et al., J. Phys. II France 2, 1483 (1992)]. This is possible by choosing the correct dynamical variable and identifying its equation of motion. It establishes for the first time an exact link between SOC models and the field of interface growth with quenched disorder. This connection is obviously very encouraging as it suggests that established theoretical techniques can be brought to bear with full strength on some of the hitherto elusive problems of SOC.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX 4, updated version (clarified arguments and corrected references)
Scattering of energetic electrons by heat-flux-driven whistlers in flares
Creators: name: Roberg-Clark, G. T.
name: Agapitov, O. V.
name: Drake, J. F.
name: Swisdak, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scattering of electrons by heat-flux-driven whistler waves is explored with a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation relevant to the transport of energetic electrons in flares. The simulation is initiated with a large heat flux that is produced using a kappa distribution of electrons with positive velocity and a cold return current beam. This system represents energetic electrons escaping from a reconnection-driven energy release site. This heat flux system drives large amplitude oblique whistler waves propagating both along and against the heat flux, as well as electron acoustic waves. While the waves are dominantly driven by the low energy electrons, including the cold return current beam, the energetic electrons resonate with and are scattered by the whistlers on time scales of the order of a hundred electron cyclotron times. Peak whistler amplitudes of $\tilde{B} / B_{0} \sim 0.125$ and angles of $\sim 60 \degree$ with respect to the background magnetic field are observed. Electron perpendicular energy is increased while the field-aligned electron heat flux is suppressed. The resulting scattering mean-free-paths of energetic electrons are small compared with the typical scale size of energy release sites in flares, which might lead to the effective confinement of energetic electrons that is required for the production of very energetic particles.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal