cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Consensus formation on coevolving networks: groups' formation and structure
Creators: name: Kozma, Balazs
name: Barrat, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of adaptivity on a social model of opinion dynamics and consensus formation. We analyze how the adaptivity of the network of contacts between agents to the underlying social dynamics affects the size and topological properties of groups and the convergence time to the stable final state. We find that, while on static networks these properties are determined by percolation phenomena, on adaptive networks the rewiring process leads to different behaviors: Adaptive rewiring fosters group formation by enhancing communication between agents of similar opinion, though it also makes possible the division of clusters. We show how the convergence time is determined by the characteristic time of link rearrangement. We finally investigate how the adaptivity yields nontrivial correlations between the internal topology and the size of the groups of agreeing agents.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures,to appear in a special proceedings issue of J. Phys. A covering the "Complex Networks: from Biology to Information Technology" conference (Pula, Italy, 2007)
Ex Ante Economic Impact of Genetically Modified (GM) Cowpea in Benin
Creators: name: Dofonsou, Sika Gbegbelegbe
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Adeoti, Razack
name: Coulibaly, Ousmane
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
name: Dofonsou, Sika Gbegbelegbe
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Adeoti, Razack
name: Coulibaly, Ousmane
name: Lusk, Jayson L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The net impact of pest-resistant GM crops on the welfare of both producers and consumers in developing countries is currently unknown and subject to speculation. This study uses choice-based conjoint protocol to estimate the net impact of pest-resistant Genetically Modified (GM) cowpea on net social welfare in Benin given price and income risks. Results imply that Bt cowpea will increase expected net social welfare by about $US 50 million per year in Benin given no inefficiencies in the seed sector. If inefficiencies in the seed sector are such that cowpea growers can access Bt cowpea seeds only 50% of the time, net benefits from Bt cowpea drop to about $US 11 million per year.
What makes countries initiate WTO disputes on food-related measures?
Creators: name: Goetz, Christian
name: Rudloff, Bettina
name: Goetz, Christian
name: Rudloff, Bettina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO disputes
subject: agri-food disputes
subject: binomial distribution model of complaints

description: This paper analyses relevant parameters for initiating a World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute on foodrelated measures and thereby contributes to the question how open de facto the system is for different types of countries. The empirical analysis differs from existing assessments by focussing on agri-food related disputes, thereby allowing for a more in-depth analysis of specific country characteristics not considered in previous studies. The results show that some determinants such as legal capacity and monetary means are not statistically significant for agri-food dispute initiations. This is the case for own protectionist behavior and endured protectionism which lower and enlarge the probability to complain, respectively.
CP violation from charged Higgs bosons in the three Higgs doublet model
Creators: name: Logan, Heather E.
name: Moretti, Stefano
name: Rojas-Ciofalo, Diana
name: Song, Muyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a new type of cancellation of contributions to the electron and neutron electric dipole moments (EDMs) that occurs in three Higgs doublet models (3HDMs) when CP violation appears in the charged Higgs sector. The cancellation becomes exact when the two physical charged Higgs bosons in the model are degenerate in mass. Depending on the model parameters, degeneracies at the 10\% level are however sufficient to evade current bounds on the electron and neutron EDMs. We demonstrate that viable parameter space remains with both charged Higgs bosons lighter than 500 GeV and large CP-violating phases while also satisfying theoretical constraints from perturbativity and experimental ones from $\bar{B} \to X_s γ$ and direct searches.
description: 35 pages, 22 figures. Revised version with a replacement of figures and addition of references
What Has Kyoto Wrought? The Real Architecture of International Tradable Permit Markets
Creators: name: Hahn, Robert W.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Hahn, Robert W.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: tradable permits
subject: international policy

description: We investigate a central issue in the climate change debate associated with the Kyoto Protocol: the likely performance of international greenhouse gas trading mechanisms. Virtually all design studies and many projections of the costs of meeting the Kyoto targets have assumed that an international trading program can be established that minimizes the costs of meeting overall goals. This conclusion rests on several simplifying assumptions. We focus on one important issue that has received little, if any, attention: the interaction between an international trading regime and a heterogeneous set of domestic greenhouse policy instruments. This is an important issue because the Protocol explicitly provides for domestic sovereignty regarding instrument choice, and because it is unlikely that most countries will choose tradable permits as their primary domestic vehicle. It is true that costs can be minimized if all countries use domestic tradable permit systems to meet their national targets (allocate permits to private parties) and allow for international trades. But when some countries use non-trading approaches such as greenhouse-gas taxes or fixed quantity standards -- which seems likely in the light of previous experience -- cost minimization is hardly assured. In these cases, achieving the potential cost savings of international trading will require some form of project-by-project credit program, such as joint implementation. But theory and experience with such credit programs suggest that they are much less likely to facilitate major cost savings, because of large transactions costs, likely government participation, and absence of a well functioning market. Thus, individual nations' choices of domestic policy instruments to meet the Kyoto targets can limit substantially the cost-saving potential of an international trading program. There is an important trade-off between the degree of domestic sovereignty and the degree of cost effectiveness. Moreover, there is a need to analyze the likely cost-savings from feasible, as opposed to idealized, international policy approaches to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases.
Accumulative Pollution, "Clean Technology," and Policy Design
Creators: name: Withagen, Cees
name: Toman, Michael
name: Withagen, Cees
name: Toman, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: stock externalities
subject: nonconvexities
subject: sustainable development

description: Environmental policymakers must address the adverse effects of a number of pollutants that accumulate in the environment. Goals for the regulation of these damages often involve holding long-term emissions below a level deemed to be "dangerous", or outright banning of offending products or processes along with subsidization of more "green" alternatives. This paper builds upon previous studies by Keeler, Spence, and Zeckhauser (1971) and Tahvonen and Withagen (1996) in addressing the optimal long-term management of an accumulative but assimilatable pollutant through policies that restrict more damaging production processes and thereby induce more benign alternatives. Using a simple general equilibrium approach, we consider the possibility that the assimilative capacity of the environment is diminished and eventually exhausted by pollution accumulation. In this case there is a nonconvexity in the problem that gives rise to multiple potential optima, complicating the characterization of the optimal path and the determination of decentralized policies that can support an optimal outcome. In particular, environmental quality may be preserved or completely degraded in the long term. This makes the question of whether polluting processes or products should be banned more complicated and more interesting. We characterize the circumstances under which a banning policy is consistent with an intertemporally optimizing path, we investigate the sensitivity of optimal solutions to the cost of a clean backstop technology, and we discuss more generally the design of price-based and quantity-based policies for supporting an optimal solution.
Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options
Creators: name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Siikamaki, Juha
name: Shih, Jhih-Shyang
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Siikamaki, Juha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: methane
subject: ammonia
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: greenhouse gases
subject: climate change
subject: offset
subject: particulate matter
subject: net metering
subject: environmental policy
subject: CAFO
subject: manure management
subject: biodigester
subject: electricity
subject: global warming
subject: cost-benefit
subject: incentive approach

description: The animal husbandry industry is a major emitter of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. The industry is also a major emitter of ammonia, which is a precursor of fine particulate matter, arguably the number-one environment-related public health threat facing the nation. We present an integrated process model of the engineering economics of technologies to reduce methane and ammonia emissions at dairy operations in California. Three policy options are explored: greenhouse gas offset credits for methane control, particulate matter offset credits for ammonia control, and expanded net metering policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these policies appears to be sufficient to provide the economic incentive for farm operators to reduce emissions. We report on initial steps to fully develop the integrated process model that will provide guidance for policymakers.
A REPRESENTAÇÃO FEMININA NOS VIDEOCLIPES DE FUNK - Viviane Aragão Soares (2020.1).pdf
Creators: name: Soares, Viviane Aragão
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 200205 Culture, Gender, Sexuality
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: 100509 Video Communications
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200299 Cultural Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 220306 Feminist Theory
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 190201 Cinema Studies
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Esta pesquisa se propõe a estudar como a mulher vem sendo representada nos videoclipes de funk, investigando os principais papéis que as mulheres assumem nestas narrativas e suas formas de resistência em um espaço tradicionalmente ocupado por homens. O problema de pesquisa deste projeto consiste em responder a seguinte pergunta: há objetificação do corpo feminino nos videoclipes de funk? Entre os objetivos específicos estão identificar quais elementos visuais que apontam para uma ressignificação ou não da mulher nos videoclipes. Esta questão é respondida a partir da análise de três videoclipes, em que as mulheres se apresentam em diferentes contextos: Mamãe da Putaria de MC Carol, Tati Quebra Barraco e Heavy Baile; Nossa Que isso de WC no Beat, Djonga, Karol Conká, MC Rebecca e MC Rogê; e Bum Bum Tam Tam do MC Fioti. A relevância do tema está no consumo que os jovens têm em relação ao videoclipe e de que forma isso influência no seu modo de refletirem sobre os seus corpos, de perceberem o seu lugar social e as relações de poder entre homens e mulheres que são atribuídos por este discurso.
The Two Young Star Disks in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy: Properties, Dynamics and Formation
Creators: name: Paumard, T.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Martins, F.
name: Nayakshin, S.
name: Beloborodov, A. M.
name: Levin, Y.
name: Trippe, S.
name: Eisenhauer, F.
name: Ott, T.
name: Gillessen, S.
name: Abuter, R.
name: Cuadra, J.
name: Alexander, T.
name: Sternberg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the definite spectroscopic identification of 41 OB supergiants, giants and main sequence stars in the central parsec of the Galaxy. Detection of their absorption lines have become possible with the high spatial and spectral resolution and sensitivity of the adaptive optics integral field spectrometer SPIFFI/SINFONI on the ESO VLT. Several of these OB stars appear to be helium and nitrogen rich. Almost all of the ~80 massive stars now known in the central parsec (central arcsecond excluded) reside in one of two somewhat thick (~0.14) rotating disks. These stellar disks have fairly sharp inner edges (R~1") and surface density profiles that scale as R^{-2}. We do not detect any OB stars outside the central 0.5 pc. The majority of the stars in the clockwise system appear to be on almost circular orbits, whereas most of those in the `counter-clockwise' disk appear to be on eccentric orbits. Based on its stellar surface density distribution and dynamics we propose that IRS 13E is an extremely dense cluster (core density > 3x10^8 sunmass/pc^3), which has formed in the counter-clockwise disk. The stellar contents of both systems are remarkably similar, indicating a common age of ~6+/-2 Myr. The K-band luminosity function of the massive stars suggests a top-heavy mass function and limits the total stellar mass contained in both disks to ~1.5x10^4 sunmass. Our data strongly favor in situ star formation from dense gas accretion disks for the two stellar disks. This conclusion is very clear for the clockwise disk and highly plausible for the counter-clockwise system.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures, now accepted by the ApJ (no changes). Most figures converted to low resolution
Discussion of "Analysis of variance--why it is more important than ever" by A. Gelman
Creators: name: Tjur, Tue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Discussion of ``Analysis of variance--why it is more important than ever'' by A. Gelman [math.ST/0504499]
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000001048 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Complete genome sequencing of Virgibacillus spp isolated from Sebkhat ElMeleh in Tunisia involved its beneficial interest for agriculture
Creators: name: Essghaier, Badiaa
name: Naccache, Chahnez
name: Mezghani, Maha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Whole genome sequence of PGP Virgibacillus spp strain SM isolated from Sebkhet Elmeleh located in Tunisia, involved PGP functional genes.
ZAMONAVIY BOSHLANG'ICH TA'LIM O'QUVCHILARINI KITOBXONLIKKA O'RGATISHDA OILANING O'RNI VA AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Mamatova, Zarena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mamlakatimizda mustaqillikning dastlabki yillaridanoq ta’lim-tarbiya sifatini oshirishda hamkorlik  muhitini tashkil etish, maktab  va oilaning o‘zaro ta’sirini takomillashtirish orqali ta’lim oluvchilarda kitobxonlikka qiziqishni oshirishga alohida e’tibor qaratilib kelinmoqda. Ayniqsa, so‘nggi yillarda kitobxonlikka, kitob mahsulotlarini chop etishga davlat siyosati sifatida qaralmoqda. Vazirlar Mahkamasining 2020-yil 14-dekabrdagi  “2020-2025-yillarda kitobxonlik madaniyatini rivojlantirish va qo‘llab-quvvatlash to‘g‘risida”gi qaroriga binoan quyidagilar Dasturni amalga oshirishning ustuvor yo‘nalishlari etib belgilandi:
Investigating High-Energy Proton-Induced Reactions on Spherical Nuclei: Implications for the Pre-Equilibrium Exciton Model
Creators: name: Fox, Morgan B.
name: Voyles, Andrew S.
name: Morrell, Jonathan T.
name: Bernstein, Lee A.
name: Lewis, Amanda M.
name: Koning, Arjan J.
name: Batchelder, Jon C.
name: Birnbaum, Eva R.
name: Cutler, Cathy S.
name: Medvedev, Dmitri G.
name: Nortier, Francois M.
name: O'Brien, Ellen M.
name: Vermeulen, Christiaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of accelerator-based isotope production facilities utilize 100- to 200-MeV proton beams due to the high production rates enabled by high-intensity beam capabilities and the greater diversity of isotope production brought on by the long range of high-energy protons. However, nuclear reaction modeling at these energies can be challenging because of the interplay between different reaction modes and a lack of existing guiding cross section data. A Tri-lab collaboration has been formed among the Lawrence Berkeley, Los Alamos, and Brookhaven National Laboratories to address these complexities by characterizing charged-particle nuclear reactions relevant to the production of established and novel radioisotopes. In the inaugural collaboration experiments, stacked-targets of niobium foils were irradiated at the Brookhaven Linac Isotope Producer (E$_p$=200 MeV) and the Los Alamos Isotope Production Facility (E$_p$=100 MeV) to measure $^{93}$Nb(p,x) cross sections between 50 and 200 MeV. The measured cross-section results were compared with literature data as well as the default calculations of the nuclear model codes TALYS, CoH, EMPIRE, and ALICE. We developed a standardized procedure that determines the reaction model parameters that best reproduce the most prominent reaction channels in a physically justifiable manner. The primary focus of the procedure was to determine the best parametrization for the pre-equilibrium two-component exciton model. This modeling study revealed a trend toward a relative decrease for internal transition rates at intermediate proton energies (E$_p$=20-60 MeV) in the current exciton model as compared to the default values. The results of this work are instrumental for the planning, execution, and analysis essential to isotope production.
description: 37 pages, 62 figures. Revised version, published in Physical Review C
Does the Provision of Free Technical Information Really Influence Firm Behavior?
Creators: name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technology diffusion
subject: energy conservation
subject: policy instruments

description: Significant environmental benefits are often associated with the rapid diffusion of new energy-saving technologies. Over the past decade, the federal government, as well as electric and gas utilities, have begun to provide free technical information to potential buyers to stimulate private investment in certain technologies, particularly for retrofitting existing buildings. Yet it has not been demonstrated that this provision of technical information can truly accelerate the rate of technology diffusion. This study develops a model of firm behavior that incorporates multiple factors in the decision to retrofit high efficiency lighting technologies. Technology retrofit and the acceptance of technical information are modeled as jointly determined dichotomous variables, and their determinants are estimated using a bivariate probit specification. The principal conclusion is that information programs make a significant contribution to the diffusion of high efficiency lighting in commercial office buildings, although these programs are less important than basic price signals.
Magnetic acceleration of ultra-relativistic GRB and AGN jets
Creators: name: Barkov, Maxim V.
name: Komissarov, Serguei S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical simulations of cold, axisymmetric, magnetically driven relativistic outflows. The outflows are initially sub-Alfvénic and Poynting flux-dominated, with total--to--rest-mass energy flux ratio up to $μ\sim 620$. To study the magnetic acceleration of jets we simulate flows confined within a funnel with rigid wall of prescribed shape, which we take to be $z\propto r^a$ (in cylindrical coordinates, with $a$ ranging from 1 to 2). This allows us to eliminate the numerical dissipative effects induced by a free boundary with an ambient medium. We find that in all cases they converge to a steady state characterized by a spatially extended acceleration region. For the jet solutions the acceleration process is very efficient - on the outermost scale of the simulation more than half of the Poynting flux has been converted into kinetic energy flux, and the terminal Lorentz factor approached its maximum possible value ($Γ_\infty \simeq μ$). The acceleration is accompanied by the collimation of magnetic field lines in excess of that dictated by the funnel shape. The numerical solutions are generally consistent with the semi-analytic self-similar jets solutions and the spatially extended acceleration observed in some astrophysical relativistic jets. In agreement with previous studies we also find that the acceleration is significantly less effective for wind solutions suggesting that pulsar winds may remain Poynting dominated when they reach the termination shock.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, HEPRO-2007 Dublin
A Spatial-Intertemporal Model for Tropical Forest Management Applied to Khao Yai National Park, Thailand
Creators: name: Albers, Heidi J.
name: Albers, Heidi J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: parks
subject: protected areas
subject: people-park conflict
subject: spatial
subject: biodiversity
subject: option value

description: This paper discusses the application of a spatial-intertemporal model for tropical forest management to Khao Yai National Park in Thailand. This type of model, especially the spatial components, finds different optimal land allocations than do traditional models at empirically relevant levels of benefits. The spatial analysis here suggests that most of this park can be best used as a preserved area and also provides support for expanding the park into an adjacent unpopulated area. The analysis demonstrates that the park's benefits to regional agriculture and villagers are large enough that preservation can proceed without international support, and that local people, as a group, have incentives to maintain most of the area as preserved land. Although the data cannot support a full case-study, these results underscore the need for empirical assessment of the spatial aspects of protected area management.
A migrációs narratívák keletkezése és mozgása
Creators: name: Gerő, Márton
name: Sik, Endre
name: Surányi, Ráchel
name: Pokornyi, Zsanett
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: A mai Magyarországon, amikor a migrációs narratívák előállítását és terjesztését vizsgáljuk, nemcsak a bevándorlással kapcsolatos állami politikákat kell figyelembe vennünk, hanem a magyar politikai rendszer változásait is. Nevezetesen azt a tendenciát, amely odáig fajult, hogy az Európai Parlament megállapította: Magyarország politikai rendszere ma már „választási autokrácia” (Delbos-Corfield 2022). Bár ezek a politikai rendszerben bekövetkezett változások már 2011-ben, a Fidesz 2010-es parlamenti választásokon aratott elsöprő győzelme után elkezdődtek, 2015 után felgyorsultak, és nagymértékben a „menekültválság” tematikájára épültek. A kialakulóban lévő propagandatechnológiát, más néven a morális pánikgombot (MPG)[1] arra használták fel, hogy Magyarországot az információs autokrácia (IA, Guriev–Treisman 2020) felé tereljék. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a rezsim, a hatalom megtartása érdekében jelentős mértékben az információs/médiarendszer kormányzati hegemóniájára támaszkodik, és a migráció témája központi szerepet játszik ennek a félelemkeltő gépezetnek a működésében (lásd Bocskor 2018; Gerő–Sik 2020).

[1] A morális pánikgomb egy professzionális propagandatechnológia, amelyet egy szervezet biztosít, mely agytrösztökből és kormányhivatalokból áll. A szervezetet egy, a miniszterelnöki hivatalban működő törzs működteti.
Volp, Rainer / Schwebel, Horst (Hrsg.), Ökumenisch planen
Creators: name: Boeckler, Richard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 4 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 4
Proper Motions and CCD-photometry of Stars in the Region of the Open Cluster Trumpler 2
Creators: name: Frolov, V. N.
name: Ananjevskaja, J. K.
name: Jilinski, E. G.
name: Gorshanov, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of the complex study of galactic open cluster Trumpler 2 are presented. In order to obtain the proper motions the positions of 2600 stars up to the limit magnitude B ~ 16.25 mag in the area 80x80 arcmin around the cluster were measured on 6 plates with the maximal epoch difference of 63 years. The root-mean error of the relative proper motions is 4.2 mas/yr. The catalogue of BV magnitudes of all the stars in the investigated area was compiled. Astrometric selection of the cluster members within the region of R<16 arcmin from the center of the cluster was made by means of the W.Sanders method. In that field 192 stars were found to have the individual membership probability greater then 85%, 148 of them are situated within the +/-3sigma_(B-V) band around the main sequence of the cluster. They are considered to be cluster members by two criteria. The U-B ~ B-V diagram plotted for the astrometrical cluster members by the data taken from the Washington catalogue of the UBV photometry in the galactic cluster fields (Hoag et al.1961) made it possible to redefine the value of the color excess E(B-V)=0.40 mag. The superposition of the MS of the cluster with the ZAMS Schmidt-Kaler leads to the coincidence at the value of the apparent distance module (V-Mv)=10.50 which corresponds to the distance r=725 pc. The luminosity and mass functions of the Trumpler 2 were constructed and the value of the slope Gamma=-1.90+/-0.22 was determined. The cluster age of 8.913x10^7 yr was determined. It is shown that the red giant on the late stage of the evolution (st N.1095) belongs to cluster and indicates the brightness variability. The possibility that the number of both known and recently discovered variables are cluster members was considered. Tables 2,3,3A,5 will be only available in the electronic form.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Comments on gauge anomalies at dimension-six in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Bonnefoy, Quentin
name: Di Luzio, Luca
name: Grojean, Christophe
name: Paul, Ayan
name: Rossia, Alejo N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study whether higher-dimensional operators in effective field theories, in particular in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), can source gauge anomalies via the modification of the interactions involved in triangle diagrams. We find no evidence of such gauge anomalies at the level of dimension-6 operators that can therefore be chosen independently to each others without spoiling the consistency of SMEFT, at variance with recent claims. The underlying reason is that gauge-invariant combinations of Goldstone bosons and massive gauge fields are allowed to couple to matter currents which are not conserved. We show this in a toy model by computing the relevant triangle diagrams, as well as by working out Wess--Zumino terms in the bosonic EFT below all fermion masses. The same approach applies directly to the Standard Model both at the renormalisable level, providing a convenient and unusual way to check that the SM is anomaly free, as well as at the non-renormalisable level in SMEFT.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures, 2 appendices. v2: version published in JHEP, one new appendix on Ward-Takahashi identities in the unbroken phase
Six Steps to a Healthier Ambient Ozone Policy
Creators: name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Farrell, Deirdre
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Farrell, Deirdre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: ambient ozone standards
subject: policy
subject: economic analysis

description: EPA appears likely to tighten the ambient ozone standard, even as many areas of the country are having great difficulties meeting the current standard. This paper offers an analysis of potential regulatory, administrative, and legislative initiatives for reducing the costs of meeting ozone standards. The detailed analysis of these initiatives is organized into six steps: (i) acknowledge mistakes and adapt to new knowledge; (ii) rehabilitate EPA's Title I Program; (iii) build on the best ideas; (iv) clarify and change the Clean Air Act; (v) educate the public; and (vi) fund research. EPA can go a long way to make its programs more efficient and effective without changes in the Clean Air Act; indeed, a number of its current initiatives show promise. But it must do more. Congress can help, too, by giving EPA the statutory guidance and freedom it needs to improve the program.
Climate, air quality, and human health impacts of tropical aerosol emissions
Creators: name: Wells, Christopher David
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: The effects of aerosols on local and remote climates are myriad and complex. They are incompletely understood, particularly those due to aerosols from tropical regions. The health impacts are poorly constrained, with the future effects uncertain. Prior studies neglected the impacts of African and tropical aerosol perturbations, and the impacts of single continents following different transient emissions scenarios have not been explored. The new generation of climate models simulate the processes which mediate aerosol-driven changes in atmospheric composition and the climate in unprecedented detail. The Shared Socioeconomic Pathway emissions scenarios provide coherent narratives for future anthropogenic emissions and demographics, with much broader projected ranges in aerosol emissions than prior scenarios. To address some of these gaps, this PhD uses the recent UKESM1 model to investigate the climate and health impacts of idealised perturbations to tropical and African aerosol emissions, and scenarios of 21st century African aerosol and CO2 emissions. Tropical carbonaceous aerosol is found to cause overall warming in UKESM1 due to Black Carbon absorption, with surface cooling locally. This cooling persists when including additional CO2 emissions from Africa. The aerosols drive complex responses in precipitation, including significant Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone shifts and rainfall decreases due to atmospheric energy budget changes. Differing African emissions scenarios affect temperature and precipitation extremes, with variations from the mean responses. PM2.5 and O3 decrease globally into the future, remaining more constant in Africa. The human health impacts of air pollution therefore decrease when using present-day populations, but increase when using future projections. O3's impact is currently lower than PM2.5’s, but this switches under strong mitigation. This project contributes to the understanding of the effect of tropical aerosols on the climate, both from idealised experiments and realistic scenarios, and shows the substantial impact of high air pollutant emissions in Africa in the 21st century.
Combretum gordonii Jongkind 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Jongkind, Carel C. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Myrtales
Combretaceae
Combretum
Combretum gordonii

description: Combretum gordonii Jongkind, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Liana magna. Folia opposita, lamina elliptica usque ad obovata, pilosa; basi auriculata usque ad cordata. Inflorescentia axillaris; flores tetrameri, sessiles; receptaculum superius infundibuliforme, lobi calycis deltoidei; petala obovata, glabra, alba; stylus exsertus glaber. TYPUS. — Madagascar. Manongarivo Massif, above village of Ambodisakoana, East of Ankaramy, 14°05'S 48°20'E, fl., 20.X.1994, G. McPherson and H. van der Werff 16426 (holo-, MO). DESCRIPTION Woody climber. Leaves opposite, 4-9 × 2.5-7 cm; petiole up to 5 mm long, velutinous; blade elliptic to obovate, beneath velutinous, conspicuously reticulate and with many small colourless to pale brown scales, scales roughly circular 65-80 µm in diameter, divided by c. 8 radial walls,blade above shiny,midrib and main lateral nerves densely hairy but with few hairs on the blade in between, 7 to 10 pairs of main lateral nerves; base cordate to auriculate; apex rounded to emarginate and apiculate.Inflorescence an axillary spike,up to 6 cm long, axes velutinous.Flowers sessile, white; receptacle 5 mm high and 2.5 mm in diameter, lower receptacle c. 1 mm high, upper receptacle infundibuliform, calyx lobes triangular. Petals 2 × 1 mm, obovate, glabrous. Style c. 5 mm exserted, glabrous. Stamens c. 4 mm exserted; anthers c. 0.3 mm long. Fruits unknown. HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION Only known from the forest on the type locality in the NW of Madagascar. Combretum comosum G.Don (Table 1) Large liana. Lower part of petiole often changing into a woody hook. Flowers 5-merous, partly reddish, petals glabrous except for a fringe of many tiny glandular hairs, flower-bract for a short distance fused with the peduncle of the flower. Fruits with 5 thinly papery wings. DISTRIBUTION. — Guinea to Uganda and Angola.
description: Published as part of Jongkind, Carel C. H., 2014, Notes on African Combretum Loefl. species (Combretaceae), pp. 315-327 in Adansonia (3) (3) 36 (2) on pages 316-318, DOI: 10.5252/a2014n2a11, http://zenodo.org/record/4599512
'Second-Best' Adjustments to Externality Estimates in Electricity Planning with Competition
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Krupnick, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: second-best
subject: environmental regulation
subject: electricity regulation
subject: environmental adders

description: A number of state public utility commissions are using "social costing" methods to consider externalities in electricity resource planning. The most comprehensive and formal method is the use of monetary place-holders in the financial evaluation of new investments and potentially in system dispatch to reflect quantitative estimates of externality values. This approach necessarily must take existing environmental and social regulation as given. Furthermore, regulated utilities face increasing competition from electricity generators outside their service territory who may not be affected by social costing. The lack of universal and uniform social costing places PUC actions soundly in the realm of "second-best policy" and they may have unintended consequences that should be anticipated by regulators. This paper addresses two prominent possibilities: the potential substitution of unregulated supplies of energy services in place of electricity generated by the regulated utility, and the effect social costing may have on the relationship between the regulated price and marginal cost. These issues are considered within a normative model of social welfare maximization, which is applied to three representative hypothetical utility case studies to calibrate a second-best optimal adder to correct for externalities in electricity planning.
Application of learning theory in neural modeling of dynamic systems
Creators: name: Najarian, Kayvan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Neural networks have been successfully used to model a number of complex nonlinear systems. Although neural networks can create successful models of some nonlinear systems, they are known to overfit the data in some other applications. Therefore, in order to use neural networks reliably, it is necessary to explore the conditions under which neural models perform equally well on the testing and training data sets. This calls for the design of the neural models that create a balance between the testing and training performances. The newly introduced Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning theory addresses the issue of testing-training balance. However, conventional PAC learning only allows static modeling and cannot be applied to dynamic models. In this thesis, PAC learning is extended to more general learning schemes that handle dynamic modeling tasks. The resulting PAC paradigms are then applied to assess the learning properties of several families of dynamic neural networks, including Radial Bases Functions Networks, single-hidden-layer Sigmoid Neural Networks, and Volterra Networks. Another concern with the use of neural networks for some dynamic modeling tasks is the issue of stochastic stability. Little is known about the stochastic stability of many neural models used in practical applications. The lack of knowledge over the stability of neural models further limits the use of such models. In this thesis, sufficient conditions for stochastic stability of different families of neural networks are presented, which address the above mentioned concern. Based on the resulting learning frameworks, evolutionary algorithms are then presented that search for a suitable suitable dynamic neural modeling which perform equally well on testing and training data. The evolutionary algorithms are then used for modeling of two applications. The first application deals with next-scan-estimation of a two-dimensional paper basis weight measurement on a paper machine. In the second application, a neural model for a neuromuscular blockade system is developed. The results indicate that accurate and reliable dynamic neural models can be obtained, provided that the learning complexity of such models are controlled during the training procedure.
Evolution of skewness and kurtosis of cosmic density fields
Creators: name: Einasto, Jaan
name: Klypin, Anatoly
name: Hütsi, Gert
name: Liivamägi, L. J.
name: Einasto, Maret
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods. We perform numerical simulations of the evolution of the cosmic web for the conventional LCDM model. The simulations cover a wide range of box sizes L = 256 - 4000 Mpc/h, mass and force resolutions and epochs from very early moments z = 30 to the present moment z = 0. We calculate density fields with various smoothing lengths to find the dependence of the density field on smoothing scale. We calculate PDF and its moments - variance, skewness and kurtosis. Results. We focus on the third (skewness S) and fourth (kurtosis K) moments of the distribution functions: their dependence on the smoothing scale, the amplitude of fluctuations and the redshift. During the evolution the reduced skewness $S_3= S/σ$ and reduced kurtosis $S_4=K/σ^2$ present a complex behaviour: at a fixed redshift curves of $S_3(σ)$ and $S_4(σ)$ steeply increase with $σ$ at $σ\le 1$ and then flatten out and become constant at $σ\ge2$. If we fix the smoothing scale $R_t$, then after reaching the maximum at $σ\approx 2$, the curves at large $σ$ start to gradually decline. We provide accurate fits for the evolution of $S_{3,4}(σ,z)$. Skewness and kurtosis approach at early epochs constant levels, depending on smoothing length: $S_3(σ) \approx 3$ and $S_4(σ) \approx 15$. Conclusions. Most of statistics of dark matter clustering (e.g., halo mass function or concentration-mass relation) are nearly universal: they mostly depend on the $σ$ with the relatively modest correction to explicit dependence on the redshift. We find just the opposite for skewness and kurtosis: the dependence of moments on evolutionary epoch $z$ and smoothing length $R_t$ is very different, together they determine the evolution of $S_{3,4}(σ)$ uniquely. The evolution of $S_3$ and $S_4$ cannot be described by current theoretical approximations.
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, revised version accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
$D^{\pm}D^{*\mp}$ Hadronic Atom as a Key to Revealing the $X(3872)$ Mystery
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen-Hua
name: Guo, Feng-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $X(3872)$, whose mass coincides with the $D^0\bar D^{*0}$ threshold, is the most extended hadron object. Since its discovery in 2003, debates have never stopped regarding its internal structure. We propose a new object, the $X$ atom, which is the $D^\pm D^{*\mp}$ composite system with positive charge parity and a mass of $(3879.89\pm0.07)$ MeV, formed mainly due to the Coulomb force. We show that a null signal of the $X$ atom can be used to put a lower limit on the binding energy of the $X(3872)$. From the current knowledge of the $X(3872)$ properties, the production rate for the $X$ atom relative to the $X(3872)$ in $B$ decays and at hadron colliders should be at least $1\times10^{-3}$. New insights into the $X(3872)$ will be obtained through studying the $X$ atom.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Advanced Methods for Dose-Response Assessment: Bayesian Approaches - Final Report
Creators: name: Wilson, James D.
name: Wilson, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Bayesian analysis
subject: dose-response
subject: regulation
subject: risk assessment
subject: arsenic

description: Resources for the Future (RFF), in conjunction with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Society for Risk Analysis, and the Electric Power Research Institute, held a workshop Sept. 18-20, 2000, at the RFF Conference Center in Washington, DC. The intent was to discuss how Bayesian approaches could be useful in improving techniques for estimating exposure-response functions. Ten distinguished scholars from a range of fields (medical biostatistics, decision sciences, environmental engineering, and toxicology) served as faculty. Approximately 80 people attended the workshop. Bayesian methods have been applied to a variety of problems in biomedical research and environmental risk analysis, including design of clinical trials, estimation of exposures to humans and local environments, and, in a few cases, estimation of exposure-response functions. Bayesian methods offer two signal advantages: their use requires careful analysis of problem logic, which has intrinsic utility, and disparate data can be incorporated into calculations. Although application of formal Bayesian analysis can be computationally challenging, widely available computer programs now greatly reduce this burden. Participants identified several factors that may impede the dissemination of Bayesian approaches among practitioners of dose-response assessment and made some recommendations for overcoming these hurdles. EPA, other regulatory agencies that use dose-response assessment as part of their processes, and the private sector all should take steps to foster the use of Bayesian approaches. EPA and other agencies should work to persuade professional societies (for example, Society for Risk Analysis, Society of Toxicology) to seek out and recognize meritorious analyses that use Bayesian approaches. EPA and private-sector organizations should consider sponsoring research into using Bayesian approaches, demonstration analyses that use them, and using the results of this work to help educate peers in the risk analysis and toxicology professions. EPA should request all staff and contractor scientists who develop mathematical models to use Bayesian techniques to calibrate models. EPA should consider ways to inform its staff, contractors, and the research community as to the utility of Bayesian analyses. EPA should consider improving its research planning by making use of Bayesian techniques (including value-of-information analyses).
Exact solution of the one-dimensional deterministic Fixed-Energy Sandpile
Creators: name: Dall'Asta, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In reason of the strongly non-ergodic dynamical behavior, universality properties of deterministic Fixed-Energy Sandpiles are still an open and debated issue. We investigate the one-dimensional model, whose microscopical dynamics can be solved exactly, and provide a deeper understanding of the origin of the non-ergodicity. By means of exact arguments, we prove the occurrence of orbits of well-defined periods and their dependence on the conserved energy density. Further statistical estimates of the size of the attraction's basins of the different periodic orbits lead to a complete characterization of the activity vs. energy density phase diagram in the limit of large system's size.
description: 4 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett