cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
INSURING AGAINST LOSSES FROM TRANSGENIC CONTAMINATION
Creators: name: Ripplinger, David G.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Lamkey, Kendall R.
name: Ripplinger, David G.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Lamkey, Kendall R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: contemporaneous fertility
subject: insurance
subject: Lagrangian stochastic model
subject: pharmaceutical-corn
subject: pollen dispersal

description: Concerns about contamination of the food supply and the financial losses that would result have limited the promise of certain genetically engineered plants. This article addresses the situation by constructing an insurance pricing model to protect against those losses. The model first estimates the physical dispersal of corn pollen subject to a number of parameters. This physical distribution is then used to calculate the premium for fair valued insurance that would be necessary to destroy contaminated fields. The flexible framework can be readily adapted to other crops, management practices, and regions.
A LATENT VARIABLE MIMIC APPROACH TO INFERRING THE QUALITY OF LIFE
Creators: name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Wandschneider, Philip R.
name: Rahman, Tauhidur
name: Mittelhammer, Ronald C.
name: Wandschneider, Philip R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper makes three principal contributions. First, we propose a new estimator for the unobservable variable models with endogenous causes. We show that under factor analysis type of assumptions, Robinson and Ferrara (1977)'s procedure is not fully efficient, and a more efficient procedure can be obtained by merging Robinson and Ferrara' procedure with that in Joreskog and Goldberger (1975) procedure. The asymptotic properties of the new estimator are compared with these two estimators and results indicate that, with our mixture approach, significant efficiency gains can be achieved. Second, we model the Quality of life (QOL) as an unobservable or latent link variable between observable causes and observable effects, which mitigates problem of bias, inconsistency, and arbitrary weightings of explanatory factors. Third, we estimate and compare QOL indices for 43 countries for the year 1990s, noting differences between countries and over time.
A Model Grid for the Spectral Analysis of X-ray Emission in Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Badenes, C.
name: Bravo, E.
name: Borkowski, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address a new set of models for the spectral analysis of the X-ray emission from young, ejecta-dominated Type Ia supernova remnants. These models are based on hydrodynamic simulations of the interaction between Type Ia supernova explosion models and the surrounding ambient medium, coupled to self-consistent ionization and electron heating calculations in the shocked supernova ejecta, and the generation of synthetic spectra with an appropriate spectral code. The details are provided elsewhere, but in this paper we concentrate on a specific class of Type Ia explosion models (delayed detonations), commenting on the differences that arise between their synthetic X-ray spectra under a variety of conditions.
description: Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research; proceedings of session E1.4 of the 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Paris, July 18-25 2004, 'Young Neutron Stars and Supernova Remnants', edited by C. Rakowski and S. Chatterjee
Dark Matter from Early Decays
Creators: name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two leading dark matter candidates from supersymmetry and other theories of physics beyond the standard model are WIMPs and weak scale gravitinos. If the lightest stable particle is a gravitino, then a WIMP will decay into it with a natural lifetime of order a month ~ M_{pl}^2/M_{weak}^3. We show that if the bulk of dark matter today came from decays of neutral particles with lifetimes of order a year or smaller, then it could lead to a reduction in the amount of small scale substructure, less concentrated halos and constant density cores in the smallest mass halos. Such beneficial effects may therefore be realized naturally, as discussed by Cembranos, Feng, Rajaraman, and Takayama, in the case of supersymmetry.
description: Matches version accepted for publication in PRD. Added a paragraph to Sec V. 9 pages, 3 figures
WHO ARE RESOURCE NONUSERS AND WHAT CAN THEY TELL US ABOUT NONUSE VALUES? AN APPLICATION TO COASTAL WETLAND RESTORATION
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Opaluch, James J.
name: Mazzotta, Marisa J.
name: Magnusson, Gisele
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Opaluch, James J.
name: Mazzotta, Marisa J.
name: Magnusson, Gisele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper assesses the potential for incomplete definitions of resource use to influence estimates of nonuser WTP, and whether uses underlying certain use values may escape measurement using standard mechanisms applied to distinguish resource users from nonusers. Empirical results are drawn from a stated preference analysis involving coastal wetland restoration.
Thermal X-Ray Emission from Shocked Ejecta in Type Ia Supernova Remnants II: Parameters Affecting the Spectrum
Creators: name: Badenes, C.
name: Borkowski, K. J.
name: Bravo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supernova remnants left behind by Type Ia supernovae provide an excellent opportunity for the study of these enigmatic objects. In a previous work, we showed that it is possible to use the X-ray spectra of young Type Ia supernova remnants to explore the physics of Type Ia supernovae and identify the relevant mechanism underlying these explosions. Our simulation technique is based on hydrodynamic and nonequilibrium ionization calculations of the interaction of a grid of Type Ia explosion models with the surrounding ambient medium, coupled to an X-ray spectral code. In this work we explore the influence of two key parameters on the shape of the X-ray spectrum of the ejecta: the density of the ambient medium around the supernova progenitor and the efficiency of collisionless electron heating at the reverse shock. We also discuss the performance of recent 3D simulations of Type Ia SN explosions in the context of the X-ray spectra of young SNRs. We find a better agreement with the observations for Type Ia supernova models with stratified ejecta than for 3D deflagration models with well mixed ejecta. We conclude that our grid of Type Ia supernova remnant models can improve our understanding of these objects and their relationship to the supernovae that originated them.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Topological Chaos in Spatially Periodic Mixers
Creators: name: Finn, Matthew D.
name: Thiffeault, Jean-Luc
name: Gouillart, Emmanuelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topologically chaotic fluid advection is examined in two-dimensional flows with either or both directions spatially periodic. Topological chaos is created by driving flow with moving stirrers whose trajectories are chosen to form various braids. For spatially periodic flows, in addition to the usual stirrer-exchange braiding motions, there are additional topologically-nontrivial motions corresponding to stirrers traversing the periodic directions. This leads to a study of the braid group on the cylinder and the torus. Methods for finding topological entropy lower bounds for such flows are examined. These bounds are then compared to numerical stirring simulations of Stokes flow to evaluate their sharpness. The sine flow is also examined from a topological perspective.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures. RevTeX4 style with psfrag macros. Final version
A Component Methodology to Assess The Impact of Protein Imports on the U.S. Dairy Industry
Creators: name: Bailey, Kenneth W.
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Emvalomatis, Grigorios
name: Bailey, Kenneth W.
name: Wu, Zhen
name: Emvalomatis, Grigorios
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper provides an assessment of the protein content of U.S. trade in dairy products and their potential impact on U.S. milk prices. The protein in imports of MPC, Casein & Albumins accounted for 5-6 percent of protein in total U.S. consumption during the period 1997-2002.
Dissipative hydrodynamics for viscous relativistic fluids
Creators: name: Heinz, Ulrich W.
name: Song, Huichao
name: Chaudhuri, Asis K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Explicit equations are given for describing the space-time evolution of non-ideal (viscous) relativistic fluids undergoing boost-invariant longitudinal and arbitrary transverse expansion. The equations are derived from the second-order Israel-Stewart approach which ensures causal evolution. Both azimuthally symmetric (1+1)-dimensional and non-symmetric (2+1)-dimensional transverse expansion are discussed. The latter provides the formal basis for the hydrodynamic computation of elliptic flow in relativistic heavy-ion collisions including dissipative effects.
description: 12 pages, no figures. Submitted to Physical Review C
A variational model for the delayed collapse of Bose Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Theodorakis, Stavros
name: Athanasiou, Stavros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an action that can be used to study variationally the collapse of Bose Einstein condensates. This action is real, even though it includes dissipative terms. It adopts long range interactions between the atoms, so that there is always a stable minimum of the energy, even if the remaining number of atoms is above the number that in the case of local interactions is the critical one. The proposed action incorporates the time needed for the abrupt and delayed onset of collapse, yielding in fact its dependence on the scattering length. We show that the evolution of the condensate is equivalent to the motion of a particle in an effective potential. The particle begins its motion far from the point of stable equilibrium and it then proceeds to oscillate about that point. We prove that the resulting large oscillations in the shape of the wavefunction after the collapse have frequencies equal to twice the frequencies of the traps. Our results agree with the experimental observations.
Analysis of Nonlinear Fiber Interactions for Finite-Length Constant-Composition Sequences
Creators: name: Fehenberger, Tobias
name: Millar, David S.
name: Koike-Akino, Toshiaki
name: Kojima, Keisuke
name: Parsons, Kieran
name: Griesser, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to realize probabilistically shaped signaling within the probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) framework, a shaping device outputs sequences that follow a certain nonuniform distribution. In case of constant-composition (CC) distribution matching (CCDM), the sequences differ only in the ordering of their constituent symbols, whereas the number of occurrences of each symbol is constant in every output block. Recent results by Amari \textit{et al.} have shown that the CCDM block length can have a considerable impact on the effective signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) after fiber transmission. So far, no explanation for this behavior has been presented. Furthermore, the block-length dependence of the SNR seems not to be fully aligned with previous results in the literature. This paper is devoted to a detailed analysis of the nonlinear fiber interactions for CC sequences. We confirm in fiber simulations the inverse proportionality of SNR with CCDM block length and present two explanations. The first one, which only holds in the short-length regime, is based on how two-dimensional symbols are generated from shaped amplitudes in the PAS framework. The second, more general explanation relates to an induced shuffling within a sequence, or equivalently a limited concentration of identical symbols, that is an inherent property for short CC blocks, yet not necessarily present for long blocks. This temporal property results in weaker nonlinear interactions, and thus higher SNR, for short CC sequences. For a typical multi-span fiber setup, the SNR difference is numerically demonstrated to be up to 0.7dB. Finally, we evaluate a heuristic figure of merit that captures the number of runs of identical symbols in a concatenation of several CC sequences. For moderate block lengths up to approximately 100 symbols, this metric suggests that limiting the number of identical-symbol runs can be beneficial.
description: The work was supported in part by the German Ministry of Education and Research in the projects SpeeD (contract #13N1374) and PEARLS (contract #13N14937)
STATIC MODELING OF DYNAMIC RECREATION BEHAVIOR: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREDICTION AND WELFARE ESTIMATION
Creators: name: Baerenklau, Kenneth A.
name: Provencher, Bill
name: Baerenklau, Kenneth A.
name: Provencher, Bill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper examines the consequences of using a static model of recreation trip-taking behavior when the underlying decision problem is dynamic. In particular, we examine the implications for trip forecasting and welfare estimation using a panel dataset of Lake Michigan salmon anglers for the 1996 and 1997 fishing seasons. We derive and estimate both a structural dynamic model using Bellman's equation, and a reduced-form static model with trip probability expressions closely mimicking those of the dynamic model. We illustrate an inherent identification problem in the reduced-form model that creates biased welfare estimates, and we discuss the general implications of this for the interpretation of preference parameters in static models. We then use both models to simulate trip taking behavior and show that although their in-sample trip forecasts are similar, their welfare estimates and out-of-sample forecasts are quite different.
Quantum transducers: Integrating Transmission Lines and Nanomechanical Resonators via Charge Qubits
Creators: name: Sun, C. P.
name: Wei, L. F.
name: Liu, Yu-xi
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a mechanism to interface a transmission line resonator (TLR) with a nano-mechanical resonator (NAMR) by commonly coupling them to a charge qubit, a Cooper pair box with a controllable gate voltage. Integrated in this quantum transducer or simple quantum network, the charge qubit plays the role of a controllable quantum node coherently exchanging quantum information between the TLR and NAMR. With such an interface, a maser-like process is predicted to create a quasi-classical state of the NAMR by controlling a single-mode classical current in the TLR. Alternatively, a "Cooper pair" coherent output through the transmission line can be driven by a single-mode classical oscillation of the NAMR.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Robust adaptive state-feedback control of linear time-varying systems under both potentially unbounded system's modeling uncertainty and external disturbance
Creators: name: Vrabel, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93D09 93D21 34M03

description: The conceptually new approach based on the logarithmic norm to design of robust adaptive state-feedback controller for linear time-varying (LTV) systems under system's modeling uncertainty and nonlinear external disturbance is proposed. This controller, consisting of two independent parts - adaptive and robust ones - globally asymptotically stabilizes every LTV system regardless how large the disturbance is.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Separation of dwarf and giant stars with ROTSE-IIId
Creators: name: Bilir, S.
name: Guver, T.
name: Aslan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 136 stars which were known to be the members of open cluster NGC 752 were observed at R band with ROTSE-IIId telescope located at the Turkish National Observatory (TUG) site. The data had been evaluated together with BV and 2MASS photometric data. A new practical method for separating dwarf and giant was described and applied. Evaluating the colour magnitude--diagrams with Padova isochrones revealed metallicity similar to the Sun and an age of 1.41 Gyr for the open cluster NGC 752.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures and 1 table, accepted for publication in AN
How to Cluster in ESIP
Creators: name: Carter, Megan
Publisher: name: ESIP
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 49999 Earth Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This document details how ESIP Clusters, which are broadly groups of Earth science data technologists who collaborate on common data challenges and opportunities, operate and shares tips for success that may be particularly valuable for those who are leading a cluster or considering starting one. The current list of ESIP Collaboration Areas, including Clusters, can be found at https://www.esipfed.org/collaborate.
LOCAL PUBLIC GOODS AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY: EVIDENCE FROM THE IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT
Creators: name: Sunding, David L.
name: Zwane, Alix Peterson
name: Sunding, David L.
name: Zwane, Alix Peterson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public Economics

description: This paper uses county-level data from California to test whether ethnic fragmentation and other measures of diversity and social capital are systematically related to spending on productive local public goods that affect rural quality of life. The specific focus of this paper is the impact of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986, which brought about 400,000 new immigrants to California, on demographic composition in that state.
Recurrent Neural Networks for Stochastic Control in Real-Time Bidding
Creators: name: Grislain, Nicolas
name: Perrin, Nicolas
name: Thabault, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bidding in real-time auctions can be a difficult stochastic control task; especially if underdelivery incurs strong penalties and the market is very uncertain. Most current works and implementations focus on optimally delivering a campaign given a reasonable forecast of the market. Practical implementations have a feedback loop to adjust and be robust to forecasting errors, but no implementation, to the best of our knowledge, uses a model of market risk and actively anticipates market shifts. Solving such stochastic control problems in practice is actually very challenging. This paper proposes an approximate solution based on a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture that is both effective and practical for implementation in a production environment. The RNN bidder provisions everything it needs to avoid missing its goal. It also deliberately falls short of its goal when buying the missing impressions would cost more than the penalty for not reaching it.
Observing Baryon Oscillations with Cosmic Shear
Creators: name: Simpson, Fergus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cosmic shear survey, spanning a significant proportion of the sky, should greatly improve constraints on a number of cosmological parameters. It also provides a unique opportunity to examine the matter power spectrum directly. However, the observed lensing signal corresponds to a weighted average of the power spectrum across a range of scales, and so the potential to resolve the baryon oscillations has been somewhat neglected. These features originated prior to recombination, induced by the acoustics of the photon-baryon fluid. Recent galaxy surveys have detected the imprints, and in the future such measurements may even be used to refine our understanding of dark energy. Without redshift information, cosmic shear is an ineffective probe of the baryon oscillations. However, by implementing a novel multipole-dependent selection of photometric redshift bins, sensitivity is improved by an order of magnitude, bringing the "wiggles" within reach of future surveys. As an illustration, we show that data from surveys scheduled within the next ten years will be able to distinguish a smoothed power spectrum at the two sigma level.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PRL
USING CHOICE EXPERIMENTS TO ELICIT FARMERS PREFERENCES? FOR CROP AND HEALTH INSURANCE
Creators: name: Nganje, William E.
name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Orth, Michael
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Orth, Michael
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: A random utility discrete choice experiments is used to determine farmers' preferences for health insurance, crop insurance, and a product that switches some portion of crop insurance subsidy to health insurance premium subsidy with access to large-pool risk groups.
Supplementary figures S1-S8 from Investigating the demographic history of Japan using ancient oral microbiota
Creators: name: Eisenhofer, Raphael
name: Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki
name: Ken-Ichi Shinoda
name: Weyrich, Laura S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: While microbial communities in the human body (microbiota) are now commonly associated with health and disease in Industrialised populations, we know very little about how these communities co-evolved with humans throughout history and deep prehistory. We can now examine these communities by sequencing ancient DNA preserved within calcified dental plaque (calculus), providing insights into the origins of disease and their links to human history. Here, we examine ancient DNA preserved within dental calculus samples and their associations with two major cultural periods in Japan: the Jomon period hunter–gatherers approximately 3000 BP (years before present) and the Edo period agriculturalists 400–150 BP. We investigate how human oral microbiomes have changed in Japan through time and explore the presence of microorganisms associated with oral diseases (e.g. periodontal disease, dental caries) in ancient Japanese populations. Finally, we explore oral microbial strain diversity and its potential links to ancient demography in ancient Japan by performing phylogenomic analysis of a key oral species—Anaerolineaceae oral taxa 439. This research represents the first study of ancient oral microbiomes from Japan and demonstrates that the analysis of ancient dental calculus can provide key information about the origin of non-infectious disease and its deep roots with human demography.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules’.
Interfacing the Multiplexer Room : Speculative Spatio-Mediated Assemblages for the Digitally-Interfered Home
Creators: name: del Canto Baquera, Policarpo
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: During 2020 and much of 2021, the domestic space became fused with the needs and functions of a remote office. A computational-mediated choreography of different visual, sonic, and tactile operating interfaces has occupied the home disturbing our beyond-the-brain bodily experience of reality. Whereas commercial tech products are widely concerned by concepts of usability and efficiency, this thesis proposes an architectural, materially-informed, and site-specific study of domestic technology through Spatio-Mediated Assemblages —a type of environmentalreactive interactive artifact. Based on this model, three speculative assemblages reflect on a future context-aware computing interface for the Multiplexer Room —my own digitally-interfered home. These experiments reveal that non-visual interaction techniques, such as audio spatialization, provide a seamful approach to distributing information and actions across various mediums. They also highlight that non-computer-vision-centric tracking systems, such as ultra-wideband locationaware networks, are a barely intrusive alternative for orientation and motion virtualization of domestic interactions. Finally, this thesis leverages self-driven analysis of one’s intimate space and behaviors to design more fine-grained digital interactions. In so doing, it encourages other creative technologists to adopt autobiographical methods when crafting interactive spatial experiences.
Molecular gas in 21 and 30 micron sources: the 2\,mm and 1.3\,mm spectra of IRAS\,21318+5631 and 22272+5435
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The carriers of the 21 and 30\,$μ$m emission features in infrared spectra of circumstellar envelopes are a long-standing enigma. In this paper, we present the results of molecular line observations toward two circumstellar envelopes exhibiting the 21 and/or 30\,$μ$m features, IRAS\,21318+5631 and 22272+5435, aiming at investigating whether they have unusual gas-phase chemistry and searching for possible gas-phase precursor of the carriers of the two dust features. The spectra cover several discrete frequency ranges of 130--164\,GHz and 216.5--273\,GHz, resulting in a detection of 13 molecular species and isotopologues in each object. Rotation-diagram analysis is carried out to determine the molecular abundances, column densities, and excitation temperatures. We did not discover any molecular species that is unexpected in a normal C-rich star. Nevertheless, there exists subtle difference between their molecular abundances. IRAS\,22272+5435 shows stronger SiC$_2$ and HC$_3$N lines and weaker SiS lines than IRAS\,21318+5631, presumably suggesting that this 21\,$μ$m source is more carbon rich and has experienced a more efficient dust formation. We discuss the potential implications of the results for the carriers of the 21\,$μ$m and 30\,$μ$m features.
description: 43 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
A New Approach to Correct for Hypothetical Bias in Stated Preference Models
Creators: name: Davies, Stephen P.
name: Loomis, John B.
name: Davies, Stephen P.
name: Loomis, John B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Many times economists are asked to estimate the demand for new consumer goods or services for which no market data exists. Typically market researchers and economists answer this challenge using surveys that ask about intended purchases (Louviere, et al. 2000) or what has become known as stated preference (SP) data. Tying this data to revealed preference (RP), or actual behavior, has been a target in a number of studies. Simplistic calibrations have been investigated in past RP-SP studies, such as Loomis, et al. 2001. This paper offers an alternative solution that allows the magnitude of the calibration correction to vary based on Klein and Sherman's (1997) Orbit procedure. This paper extends the original Orbit procedure of Klein and Sherman by Combining stated and revealed preference data on quantities and prices in the first stage, incorporating a correction for heteroskedasticity, and developing methods to calculate consumer surplus and elasticities.
Pseudo-epsilon expansion and the two-dimensional Ising model
Creators: name: Sokolov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the five-loop renormalization-group expansions for the two-dimensional Euclidean scalar ϕ^4 field theory (field-theoretical version of two-dimensional Ising model), pseudo-εexpansions for the Wilson fixed point coordinate g*, critical exponents, and the sextic effective coupling constant g_6 are obtained. Pseudo-εexpansions for g*, inverse susceptibility exponent γ, and g_6 are found to possess a remarkable property - higher-order terms in these expansions turn out to be so small that accurate enough numerical estimates can be obtained using simple Pade approximants, i. e. without addressing resummation procedures based upon the Borel transformation.
description: 4 pages, 4 tables, few misprints avoided
Huffman-coded Sphere Shaping and Distribution Matching Algorithms via Lookup Tables
Creators: name: Fehenberger, Tobias
name: Millar, David S.
name: Koike-Akino, Toshiaki
name: Kojima, Keisuke
name: Parsons, Kieran
name: Griesser, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study amplitude shaping schemes for the probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) framework as well as algorithms for constant-composition distribution matching (CCDM). Huffman-coded sphere shaping (HCSS) is discussed in detail, which internally uses Huffman coding to determine the composition to be used and relies on conventional CCDM algorithms for mapping and demapping. Numerical simulations show that HCSS closes the performance gap between distribution matching schemes and sphere shaping techniques such as enumerative sphere shaping (ESS). HCSS is based on an architecture that is different from the trellis-based setup of ESS. It allows to tailor the used HCSS compositions to the transmission channel and to take into account complexity constraints. We further discuss in detail multiset ranking (MR) and subset ranking (SR) as alternatives to arithmetic-coding (AC) CCDM. The advantage of MR over AC is that it requires less sequential operations for mapping. SR operates on binary alphabets only, which can introduce some additional rate loss when a nonbinary-to-binary transformation is required. However, the binomial coefficients required for SR can be precomputed and stored in a lookup table (LUT). We perform an analysis of rate loss and decoding performance for the proposed techniques and compare them to other prominent amplitude shaping schemes. For medium to long block lengths, MR-HCSS and SR-HCSS are shown to have similar performance to ESS. SR-HCSS and uniform 64QAM are compared in additive white Gaussian noise simulations and shaping gains of 0.5 dB and 1 dB are demonstrated with 1 kbit and 100 kbit LUT size, respectively.
description: The work has been partially funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research in the project PEARLS (contract #13N14937)
Log-concavity and LC-positivity
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
name: Yeh, Yeong-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A20; 15A04

description: A triangle $\{a(n,k)\}_{0\le k\le n}$ of nonnegative numbers is LC-positive if for each $r$, the sequence of polynomials $\sum_{k=r}^{n}a(n,k)q^k$ is $q$-log-concave. It is double LC-positive if both triangles $\{a(n,k)\}$ and $\{a(n,n-k)\}$ are LC-positive. We show that if $\{a(n,k)\}$ is LC-positive then the log-concavity of the sequence $\{x_k\}$ implies that of the sequence $\{z_n\}$ defined by $z_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}a(n,k)x_k$, and if $\{a(n,k)\}$ is double LC-positive then the log-concavity of sequences $\{x_k\}$ and $\{y_k\}$ implies that of the sequence $\{z_n\}$ defined by $z_n=\sum_{k=0}^{n}a(n,k)x_ky_{n-k}$. Examples of double LC-positive triangles include the constant triangle and the Pascal triangle. We also give a generalization of a result of Liggett that is used to prove a conjecture of Pemantle on characteristics of negative dependence.
description: 16 pages
Tax Increment Financing for Optimal Open Space Preservation: an Economic Inquiry
Creators: name: Jiang, Yong
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
name: Jiang, Yong
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The public has increasingly demonstrated a strong support for open space preservation. Questions left to local policy-makers are how local governments can finance preservation of open space in a politically desirable way, whether there exists an optimal level of open space that can maximize the net value of developable land in a community and that can also be financed politically desirably, and what is the effect of the spatial configuration of preserved open space when local residents perceive open space amenities differ spatially. Our economic model found the condition for the existence of an optimal level of open space is not very restrictive, the increased tax revenue generated by the capitalization of open space amenity into property value can fully cover the cost of preserving this optimal level of open space under a weak condition, and being evenly distributed and centrally located is very likely to characterize the optimal spatial configuration of preserved open space in terms of net social value and the capacity of tax increment financing.
Protecting the African Elephant: A Dynamic Bioeconomic Model of Ivory Trade
Creators: name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
name: Van Kooten, G. Cornelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: International trade in ivory is banned in order to protect the African elephant. The trade ban is supported by some range states, because it is seen as an effective means for protecting a 'flagship' species, but is opposed by states, mainly in southern Africa, because populations exceed the carrying capacity of local ecosystems. Issues concerning the ivory trade ban are addressed in this paper using a dynamic partial-equilibrium trade model that consists of four ivory exporting regions and a single demand region. Results indicate that a trade ban might not be successful in maintaining elephant populations, even if it leads to a stigma effect that reduces demand and increases the marginal costs of marketing ivory. Results suggest that the species will survive only if non-market values are taken into account. Surprisingly, however, the interaction between tourism benefits and marginal compensation from rich countries can lead to the demise of elephants in some regions where this would not be the case otherwise. Finally, elephant populations are even projected to crash if range states can operate an effective quota scheme, even one that excludes poaching. In the final analysis, however, free trade in ivory and effective institutions that translate numbers of elephants into monetary payments may be the best hope for the elephant.
On how environmental stringency influences BMP adoption
Creators: name: Johansson, Robert C.
name: Kara, Erdal
name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Johansson, Robert C.
name: Kara, Erdal
name: Ribaudo, Marc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Farm Management

description: There are relatively few Federal environmental regulations that influence agricultural production in the United States. However, many local and state environmental rules may influence the management practices on U.S. farms, which might affect costs of production and adoption of best management practices. Detailed analysis of corn farms yields insight into these relationships and suggests that stringent environmental regulations could increase the likelihood of adoption of certain conservation practices, all else equal, but not costs per unit of production.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/22/06.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Historiske Samfund, Chra
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Vedr. et tidsskrift som skal inneholde aktstykker av Norges historie. Søker om pengestøtte. Nevner også noen avskrifter i København
Blocking of conducting channels widens window for ferroelectric resistive switching in interface-engineered Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 tunnel devices
Creators: name: Sulzbach, Milena Cervo
name: Estandía, Saúl
name: Gàzquez, Jaume
name: Sánchez, Florencio
name: Fina, Ignasi
name: Fontcuberta, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Films of Hf0.5Z0.5O2 (HZO) contain a network of grain boundaries. In (111) HZO epitaxial films on (001) SrTiO3, for instance, twinned orthorhombic (o-HZO) ferroelectric crystallites coexist with grain boundaries between o-HZO and a residual paraelectric monoclinic (m-HZO) phase. These grain boundaries contribute to the resistive switching response in addition to the genuine ferroelectric polarization switching and have detrimental effects on device performance. Here, it is shown that, by using suitable nanometric capping layers deposited on HZO film, a radical improvement of the operation window of the tunnel device can be achieved. Crystalline SrTiO3 and amorphous AlOx are explored as capping layers. It is observed that these layers conformally coat the HZO surface and allow to increase the yield and homogeneity of functioning ferroelectric junctions while strengthening endurance. Data show that the capping layers block ionic-like transport channels across grain boundaries. It is suggested that they act as oxygen suppliers to the oxygen-getters grain boundaries in HZO. In this scenario it could be envisaged that these and other oxides could also be explored and tested for fully compatible CMOS technologies.
Historia de un pequeño negocio
Creators: name: Raspa, Pedro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Yo empecé recogiendo chatarra por la calle, pero como soy muy trabajador poco a poco fui ahorrando un dinerillo. Con el tiempo vi que esto, bien organizado, podía dar mucho dinero. Y ahí fue cuando me hice autónomo y creé una empresa. Hasta me compré una furgoneta, de segunda mano, eso sí. Me aconsejaron llevar al día todo el papeleo, y empecé a trabajar con una asesoria en murcia para empresas ; fue un gran consejo. Además, como también son asesoria fiscal en murcia , todo el tema de impuestos y demás también lo tengo al día. Debo ser el único de mi familia. Pero yo duermo muy tranquilo, y sé que no voy a tener problemas si trabajo así. Y tengo tanto trabajo que he contratado a mi primo.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Remmem, Søren
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1850

description: Søker om tillatelse til å bære den sølvmedalje, som han har fått for oppdyrking av myrmark, som hederstegn
Strongly nonlinear wave dynamics in a chain of polymer coated beads
Creators: name: Daraio, C.
name: Nesterenko, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly nonlinear phononic crystals were assembled from a chain of Parylene-C coated steel spheres in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) holder. This system exhibits strongly nonlinear properties and extends the range of materials supporting "sonic vacuum" type behavior. The combination of a high density core and a soft (low elastic modulus) coating ensures a relatively low velocity of wave propagation. The beads contact interaction caused by the deformation of the Parylene coating can be described as classical nonlinear Hertz theory despite the viscoelastic nature of the polymer and the high strain rate deformation of the contact area. Strongly nonlinear solitary waves excited by impacts were investigated experimentally and compared to chains composed of uniform steel beads. Fracture of the polumer coating was detected under relatively large pulse amplitude.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures
Effects of Herbicide-Resistant Technology Fees on the Plant Population Decision for Cotton Production
Creators: name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Gwathmey, C. Owen
name: Larson, James A.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Gwathmey, C. Owen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This study evaluated effects on cotton net revenues of four herbicide-resistant technology policies used since 1996 by Monsanto. Results indicate that farmers may have an incentive to switch from narrow-row to wide-row cotton and to use a lower plant density when the technology fee is tied to the seeding rate.
Teleseismic imaging : field study in southern Alberta and numerical simulations of inverse scattering
Creators: name: Shragge, Jeffrey Chilver
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis consists of two parts. Part I presents results from a Lithoprobe teleseismic experiment undertaken across southern Alberta. Relative P-wave delay-times from 293 earthquakes have been inverted for upper mantle velocity perturbations. The recovered model reveals a high velocity anomaly underlying a substantial portion of the southern Hearne Province to depths of 200-250 km which is interpreted as the signature of deep-seated lithospheric structure. This result suggests that, contrary to recent tectonic models, the bulk of the lithosphere in this region has remained essentially intact. In particular, it appears unlikely that evidence for extensive lower crustal melting is due to wide-scale lithospheric delamination. However, observed high mantle conductivity may be the result of small volumes of connected hydrous minerals or some other conductive species introduced during subduction that contributed to the construction of a root. Multi-event SKS-splitting results yield an average delay-time of 0.82±0.30 s and fast polarization direction of 45°±8° which broadly coincides with both the presumed orientation of fossil strain fields related to the ca. 1.8 Ga NW-SE shortening of the Hearne Province and absolute North America plate motion. Processing of receiver functions yields Moho depth estimates which are fairly uniform (~38 km) beneath northern stations, but show crustal thickening (>40 km) within the Medicine Hat Block. Part II investigates the formal inversion of synthetic teleseismic P-coda waves for subsurface elastic properties using an asymptotic method which assumes single-scattering. The model comprises an idealized lithospheric suture zone. Two dimensional, pseudo-spectral synthetic seismograms representing a plane P-wave incident upon this structure are preprocessed to extract an estimate of the scattered wavefield. These data are employed in a series of experiments that examine the dependence of multi-parameter inversion on a range of input parameters and demonstrate: i) the contrasting sensitivity which forward- and back-scattered waves display to structural recovery; ii) the diminution of the problem null-space accompanied by increased source coverage; iii) improvements in model reconstruction achieved through simultaneous treatment of multiple scattering modes; and iv) the robustness of the approach for data sets with noise levels and receiver geometries that approach those of field experiments.
Estimating the Market Demand for Value-Added Beef: Testing for BSE Announcement Effects Using a Nested PIGLOG Model Approach
Creators: name: Vickner, Steven S.
name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Dustin, Al
name: Vickner, Steven S.
name: Bailey, DeeVon
name: Dustin, Al
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This paper estimates an AIDS model and corrects for first-order autocorrelation using retail meat data. We fail to reject the null hypothesis of no BSE announcement effects.
Does supplementary food program help children during the crisis? Evidence from Indonesian Panel Data
Creators: name: Satriawan, Elan
name: Satriawan, Elan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: This study evaluates the effectiveness of supplementary food program that was aimed to help the children to maintain their health when facing the 1997/98 economic crisis in Indonesia. To do so we apply difference-in-difference method for two different kinds of sample: unmatched and matched one. The results from unmatched (using pooled OLS and fixed-effect) and matched (average treatment effect based on propensity scores) tend to be consistent: during 1997/98 crisis, children who were exposed to the program have better nutritional status relative to those who were not. Yet with matching sample we manage to produce higher estimated program effect on nutritional status of the treated children. This result may suggest that the use of matched sample may even further eliminate the contamination of the program effect from unobserved heterogeneity. In addition, the results also raise the importance of properly pick the control groups for the treatment when it comes to the evaluation of public program using survey data.
A novel regularization strategy for the local discontinuous Galerkin method for level-set reinitialization
Creators: name: Föll, Fabian
name: Müller, Christoph
name: Zeifang, Jonas
name: Munz, Claus-Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.0; G.1.8
subject: 65M70, 65N35, 35Q35

description: In this paper we propose a novel regularization strategy for the local discontinuous Galerkin method to solve the Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the context of level-set reinitialization. The novel regularization idea works in analogy to shock-capturing schemes for discontinuous Galerkin methods, which are based on finite volume sub-cells. In this spirit, the local discontinuous Galerkin method is combined with an upwind/downwind finite volume sub-cell discretization, which is applied in areas of low regularity. To ensure the applicability on unstructured meshes, the finite volume discretization is based on a least squares approach.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures
Double Shape Invariance of Two-Dimensional Singular Morse Model
Creators: name: Cannata, F.
name: Ioffe, M. V.
name: Nishnianidze, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A second shape invariance property of the two-dimensional generalized Morse potential is discovered. Though the potential is not amenable to conventional separation of variables, the above property allows to build purely algebraically part of the spectrum and corresponding wave functions, starting from {\it one} definite state, which can be obtained by the method of $SUSY$-separation of variables, proposed recently.
description: 9 pages