cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Participatory Evaluation of Integrated Pest and Soil Fertility Management Options Using Ordered Categorical Data Analysis
Creators: name: Rutto, Esther
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Vanlauwe, Bernard
name: Kanampiu, Fred
name: Odhiambo, George D.
name: Khan, Zeyaur R.
name: Rutto, Esther
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Vanlauwe, Bernard
name: Kanampiu, Fred
name: Odhiambo, George D.
name: Khan, Zeyaur R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: farmers' preference
subject: technologies
subject: ordinal regression

description: During participatory rural appraisals, farmers at the Lake Victoria basin of Kenya and Uganda identified Striga, stemborer and declining soil fertility as three major constraints to maize production To reduce food insecurity, several innovative integrated technologies to address these constraints have been developed, including push-pull (maize intercropped with Desmodium and surrounded by napier grass), maize-soybean and maize-crotalaria rotations, and Imazapyrresistant (IR) maize seed coated with the herbicide. To let farmers evaluate the new technologies, 12 demonstration trials, comparing the different technologies, were established in four villages in Siaya and Vihiga districts (Western Kenya) and two villages in Busia (Uganda). These evaluations, where farmers' appreciation and feedback on the technology are captured, are an important step in technology development. During field days at the end of short rainy seasons of 2003 and 2004, 504 farmers individually observed and rated each treatment under the different cropping systems, with and without IR maize, and with and without fertilizer, with a maize continuous monocrop as control. Farmers scored each of the 16 treatments on an ordered scale of five categories: very poor, poor, average, good, and very good. The treatments were scored for each of the criteria farmers has previously determined (including yield, resistance to Striga and stemborer, and improvement of soil fertility). Analysis of the evaluation, using ordinal regression, show significant differences in farmers' preference by year and site. There was, however, little effect of farm and farmer characteristics such as farm size and gender of the observer. Ordinal regression of farmers' scores are not as intuitive and also bit cumbersome to use, but they have a better theoretical foundation than other methods, in particular the use of means. This paper shows how the method can be used, and concludes that, with some effort, it is a convenient way to analyse farmers' ranking of a large number of options.
GENETIC TESTS AND THEIR ROLE IN OBSTETRIC AND GYNAECOLOGICAL CARE
Creators: name: Khasanova, Dilafruz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In recent decades, genetic tests and counseling have become important tools in gynecology, influencing approaches to family planning and hereditary risk assessment. This article reviews the use of genetic tests in various aspects of gynecology, such as assessment of inherited diseases, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), and other situations requiring genetic evaluation. In addition, emphasis is placed on the importance of genetic counselling for women to make informed decisions about health and reproductive plans, and to provide support in understanding the risks and opportunities associated with inherited diseases.
Pietrushka, Ute (Hrsg.): Oriens Christianus vivens
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Location Choices of Multinational Firms: The Case of Mergers and Acquisitions
Creators: name: Bertrand, Olivier
name: Mucchielli, Jean-Louis
name: Zitouna, Habib
name: Bertrand, Olivier
name: Mucchielli, Jean-Louis
name: Zitouna, Habib
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
subject: Merger and Acquisition
subject: Location
subject: conditional logit
subject: count model

description: This article examines the location choices of cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) between OECD members´ firms in the 1990`s. In addition to traditional determinants of FDI, we estimate the impact of specific factors affecting the M&A location pattern. Two distinct econometric methods are implemented: the conditional logit and the count model (Poisson or negative binomial model). In spite of the use of alternative econometric methods, we find that the supply of target firms (captured by market capitalization and privatization activity) constrains the location of M&A. However, is it not the only determinant of location: market size, labor costs, market access and financial openness play a positive and significant role on the M&A location. A bandwagon effect is also observed. In the opposite, the corporate tax rate and the productivity decrease the probability to attract M&A. Cultural and geographic distances and differences in legal rules also exert a negative significant impact on M&A strategies. Only the ownership structure has contrasted results.
New Aspects of B -> pi pi, pi K and their Implications for Rare Decays
Creators: name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: Fleischer, Robert
name: Recksiegel, Stefan
name: Schwab, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the B -> pi pi, pi K modes in the light of the most recent B-factory data, and obtain the following new results: (i) the B0 -> pi+ pi-, pi- K+ modes prefer gamma=(74+-6)deg, which - together with |V_ub/V_cb| - allows us to determine the ``true'' unitarity triangle and to search for CP-violating new-physics contributions to B0_d-\bar B0_d mixing; (ii) the B -> pi K puzzle reflected in particular by the low experimental value of the ratio R_n of the neutral B -> pi K rates persists and still favours new physics in the electroweak penguin sector with a new CP-violating phase phi ~ -90deg, although now also phi ~ +90deg can bring us rather close to the data; (iii) the mixing-induced B0 -> pi0 K_S CP asymmetry is a sensitive probe of the sign of this phase, and would currently favour phi ~ +90deg, as well as the direct CP asymmetry of B+- -> pi0 K+-, which suffers, however, from large hadronic uncertainties; (iv) we investigate the sensitivity of our B -> pi K analysis to large non-factorizable SU(3)-breaking effects and find that their impact is surprisingly small so that it is indeed exciting to speculate on new physics; (v) assuming that new physics enters through Z0 penguins, we study the interplay between B -> pi K and rare B, K decays and point out that the most recent B-factory constraints for the latter have interesting implications, bringing us to a few scenarios for the future evolution of the data, where also the mixing-induced CP violation in B0 -> pi0 K_S plays a prominent role.
description: Two references added, to appear in the European Physical Journal C
New Migration Needs a NEMP (A New European Migration Policy)
Creators: name: Straubhaar, Thomas
name: Straubhaar, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Political Economy

description: In almost all European countries there is a wide and growing gap between the goals of national immigration policy and its actual outcomes. The main reason for the failure of national migration policies is the loss of effective competence to control today's migration flows on a national level. Once national governments had closed the front door of legal immigration more or less strictly, most of the entries to fortress Europe occurred through the side door (asylum seekers, refugees, family reunion) or through the back door (illegal immigrants). As a result, there is an increasing need for a common European migration policy. This paper outlines the framework of a NEMP - a New European Migration Policy. NEMP is a first step from national ad hoc regulations towards a more conceptual European migration strategy. The basic idea of NEMP is that it is not the entry or the movement of people from abroad that generates migration problems. Rather, it is "stay" and "work" that may become a controversial issue. Consequently, NEMP advocates a shift of the policy focus from the control of moves to the control of residence and especially control of the illegal activities of illegal foreign workers. In nahezu allen Ländern der EU öffnet sich eine Schere zwischen den Zielen einer nationalen Migrationspolitik und den tatsächlichen Ergebnissen. Der entscheidende Grund für dieses Versagen liegt im faktischen Kompetenzverlust, den Nationalstaaten erlitten haben. Sie glauben zwar, Migration regulieren zu können. Tatsächlich aber finden Einwanderungswillige Alternativen, um ihr Ziel zu erreichen. Wird die Fronttür der legalen Wirtschaftsmigration geschlossen, drängen Menschen durch die Seitenpforte in das Europäische Haus. Sie machen dann nicht wirtschaftliche, sondern humanitäre Motive geltend. Dazu gehören Asylsuchende, Flüchtlinge und Familienangehörige. Wem auch dieser Weg verbaut ist, kann es dann noch durch die verbotene Hintertür versuchen. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass in einem Wirtschaftsraum ohne innere Grenzen eine gemeinsame Migrationspolitik erforderlich wird. Dieses Diskussionspapier skizziert die Eckpfeiler einer NEMP - einer Neuen Europäischen Migrationspolitik. NEMP ist ein erster Schritt von einer nationalen ad hoc zu einer konzeptionellen europäischen Migrationsstrategie. NEMP basiert auf dem Grundsatz, dass nicht das "Gehen", sondern das "Stehen" und das "Arbeiten" zu Migrationsproblemen führen kann. Deshalb sollte das migrationspolitische Schwergewicht nicht so sehr bei der Eingangskontrolle liegen, sondern bei Aufenthalt und Beschäftigung der Menschen von außerhalb Europas.
Hessence: A New View of Quintom Dark Energy
Creators: name: Wei, Hao
name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Zeng, Ding-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a lot of attention has been drawn to build dark energy model in which the equation-of-state parameter $w$ can cross the phantom divide $w=-1$. One of models to realize crossing the phantom divide is called quintom model, in which two real scalar fields appears, one is a normal scalar field and the other is a phantom-type scalar field. In this paper we propose a non-canonical complex scalar field as the dark energy, which we dub ``hessence'', to implement crossing the phantom divide, in a similar sense as the quintom dark energy model. In the hessence model, the dark energy is described by a single field with an internal degree of freedom rather than two independent real scalar fields. However, the hessence is different from an ordinary complex scalar field, we show that the hessence can avoid the difficulty of the Q-balls formation which gives trouble to the spintessence model (An ordinary complex scalar field acts as the dark energy). Furthermore, we find that, by choosing a proper potential, the hessence could correspond to a Chaplygin gas at late times.
description: Latex2e, 12 pages, no figure; v2: discussions and references added, 14 pages, 3 eps figures; v3: published version
Indigenous peoples culture and the environment.pdf
Creators: name: Oyamo, Vincent  Ita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The term Indigenous is derived from the Latin etymology which means ‘’Native” or ‘born within’ and is translated in English to mean ethnic group or community may be described as indigenous in reference to some particular region or location that they see as their traditional tribal land…
Additional file 3 of Radiation exposure and fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures among orthopedic surgeons in South Korea
Creators: name: Seonghoon Kang
name: Cha, Eun Shil
name: Bang, Ye Jin
name: Na, Teresa W.
name: Dalnim Lee
name: Song, Sang Youn
name: Lee, Won Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table 3. Annual effective doses by occupational characteristics and specialties among orthopedic surgeons in South Korea.
Efficient Documentation and Webmarketing Strategies for DNAs
Creators: name: Gupta, Naman
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Gupta, Naman
name: Michaelowa, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: CDM
subject: DNA website
subject: Non- Annex I countries
subject: Annex-I countries
subject: marketing

description: In accordance with the modalities and procedures for a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) decided in Marrakech 2001, "Parties participating in the CDM shall designate a national authority for the CDM." Till date only 89 Parties have established their Designated National Authority (DNA). Capacity building and marketing the national CDM programmes to buyers of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) or project investors is one of the important tasks of host countries. In that context, website development and hosting is a key outreach mechanism for DNAs to market their national CDM programme as well as improving their country's competitiveness on the global market. But also Annex I DNA websites can play a useful role, particularly for host country companies who want to assess the attractiveness of countries as buyers of CERs. As per the information available on the internet, only 26 Parties among which are 8 Annex I countries have set up official DNA websites which contain a variety of information related to CDM as well as climate change-related activities. As it has been observed that the organisation of most of the DNA websites and quality of information available can be improved and webmarketing tools seem not to have been used, we suggest a standard model structure of websites separately for DNAs of Non-Annex I and Annex I countries differentiated according to the size and CDM attractiveness of the host country.
The pion and proton mass in finite volume
Creators: name: Colangelo, Gilberto
name: Fuhrer, Andreas
name: Haefeli, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the finite volume effects for the pion and nucleon mass. For the pion mass we present the results of a full two-loop calculation in chiral perturbation theory. The outcome shows that the resummed version of the Luscher formula we presented in an earlier work does indeed give an excellent approximation to the two-loop result. In view of this result we apply the same resummed formula to the nucleon mass. In the nucleon sector the extension of the chiral expansion to higher quark masses appears to be more problematic and it is therefore more difficult to make reliable predictions for the size of the finite volume effects. We present some preliminary numerical estimates.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, Talk given at the Workshop on Computational Hadron Physics, Cyprus, September 14-17, 2005
Spin-enhanced magnetocaloric effect in molecular nanomagnets
Creators: name: Evangelisti, Marco
name: Candini, Andrea
name: Ghirri, Alberto
name: Affronte, Marco
name: Brechin, Euan K.
name: McInnes, Eric J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unusually large magnetocaloric effect for the temperature region below 10 K is found for the Fe14 molecular nanomagnet. This is to large extent caused by its extremely large spin S ground-state combined with an excess of entropy arising from the presence of low-lying excited S states. We also show that the highly symmetric Fe14 cluster core, resulting in small cluster magnetic anisotropy, enables the occurrence of long-range antiferromagnetic order below T_N=1.87 K.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters
Additional file 2 of Radiation exposure and fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures among orthopedic surgeons in South Korea
Creators: name: Seonghoon Kang
name: Cha, Eun Shil
name: Bang, Ye Jin
name: Na, Teresa W.
name: Dalnim Lee
name: Song, Sang Youn
name: Lee, Won Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Comparison of selected characteristics between the target population and the study participants.
Baseline Determination at Government Discretion: Multi-Project Baselines for the First Track of Joint Implementation?
Creators: name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Schmitz, Simon
name: Michaelowa, Axel
name: Schmitz, Simon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Joint Implementation
subject: baselines
subject: institutions
subject: host countries

description: The "first track" of Joint Implementation under the Kyoto Protocol gives host and investor countries total freedom in choosing a baseline for a project reducing or sequestering greenhouse gases. This is due to the fact that an overly generous granting of emission credits leads to a corresponding reduction of the host country's emission budget. Standardised, multi-project baselines can reduce transaction costs, especially in relatively homogeneous sectors such as electricity production or landfill methane collection. Host countries need capacity to calculate such baselines which currently does not exist. "Boundary organisations" can bridge the gap between technical analysis and strategic considerations. Interviews with government officials and other stakeholders in East European EU accession countries lead us to the conclusion that countries have not yet realised the chances and pitfalls of baseline definition under the first track, especially as they assume that the EU will define the "acquis communautaire" as the baseline. However, this would make international emissions trading more attractive than JI.
Export Structure, FDI and Child Labour
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Braun, Sebastian
name: Busse, Matthias
name: Braun, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Child Labour
subject: Economic Integration
subject: Trade
subject: FDI

description: The paper addresses the linkage between certain aspects of the increasing economic integration of world markets and the level of child labour. We empirically examine, first, the often-cited conventional wisdom that multinational enterprises invest in countries where the extent of child labour is relatively high and, second, the concern that countries may gain an unfair comparative advantage in trade by using child labour. The results indicate that multinationals are highly sensitive with respect to the location of their transplants and prefer countries with lower levels of child labour. The opposite outcome applies to child labour and comparative advantage in labour-intensive goods, where we find a statistically significant positive relationship. Based on these results, the paper also discusses some policy implications on how to deal with child labour effectively.
Charmed scalar resonances -- Conventional and four-quark mesons
Creators: name: Terasaki, K.
name: McKellar, Bruce H J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that there coexist two scalar mesons of different structures (a conventional meson and a four-quark meson) in the recently observed broad bumps just below the large peak of the tensor meson in the D-pi mass distribution. We base this proposal on the interpretation of the charm-strange scalar meson of mass 2317 MeV as a four-quark meson. The strange counterparts of these scalar mesons are also studied.
description: 4 pages, 0 figures, Revtex
Beltz, Walter; Pietruschka, Ute und Tubach, Jürgen (Hrsg.): Sprache und Geist
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Quantization of Fermionic Fields with Two Mass States in the First Order Formalism
Creators: name: Kruglov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relativistic 20-component wave equation, describing particles with spin 1/2 and two mass states, is analyzed. The projection operators extracting states with definite energy and spin projections, and density matrix are obtained. The canonical quantization of the field with two mass states in the formalism of the first order is performed and the chronological pairing of the 20-component operators was found.
description: 13 pages, contributed paper to the Proceedings of the XVIII-th Workshop on Hadronic Mechanics (University of Karlstad, Sweden, June 20-22, 2005)
Klimapolitik in Deutschland: Eine Problemanalyse aus Expertensicht
Creators: name: Bockem, Alexandra
name: Bockem, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Bei dem vorliegenden Beitrag handelt es sich um die Auswertung von Interviews mit Beteiligten der deutschen Klimapolitik. Die Klimapolitik in Deutschland ist durch eine Diskrepanz zwischen anspruchsvollen Emissionsreduktionszielen und deren mangelnder Umsetzung geprägt. Hierfür werden von den befragten Akteuren zwei Hauptursachen angegeben: der Querschnittscharakter der Klimapolitik und die asymmetrischen Einflußmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen vom Klimaschutz betroffenen Interessen. Darüber hinaus hat die Diskussion darüber, ob Selbstverpflichtungen oder eine ökologische Steuerreform das geeignete Instrument zur Umsetzung der Minderungsziele darstellen, die Klimapolitik gelähmt. Die zu beobachtenden Erosionserscheinungen in der Dominanz der Wirtschaftsverbände lassen allerdings hoffen, daß Umweltschutzinteressen in Zukunft ein höheres politisches Gewicht erhalten. Nichtsdestotrotz bedarf es auch institutioneller Reformen und einer Versöhnung der in der klimapolitischen Instrumentendiskussion konfliktorisch einander gegenüberstehenden Positionen, wenn man die gesetzten Reduktionsziele erreichen will. This paper presents an evaluation of interviews that were hold with persons involved in German climate policy. Climate policy in Germany is characterized by a lack of action in meeting far-reaching emissions-reduction targets. The experts who were asked about their views named two main reasons for that. Firstly, many important policy sectors with regard to climate change fall under the power of ministries others than the Federal Ministry for the Environment which is responsible for setting the targets. Secondly, there are great differences in political influence of the concerned social interests. Moreover, the discussion on wether voluntary agreements or an environmental tax reform is the right instrument to reduce emissions has paralyzed climate policy. However, the dominant position of climate policy opponents is exposed to erosion so that the political importance of environmental interests will hopefully increase. Nevertheless, institutional reforms are required and the opposing interests concerning instrument choice must be reconciled in order to reach the reduction targets.
The idealization of dying at home : the social context of home-based palliative caregiving
Creators: name: Stajduhar, Kelli Isabel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The impetus to provide home-based palliative care is growing in an effort to curtail health care costs and to provide a more therapeutic milieu for dying and death to occur. Despite an expanding body of research focusing on the provision of palliative care at home, there has been little attention given to the historical, social, economic, political, and ideological structures and processes that play a role in shaping family caregivers' experiences with providing home-based palliative care. This ethnographic study approached this problem by examining the social context of home-based palliative caregiving, with the overall purpose of uncovering how larger structures and processes influence family caregiver experiences with providing home-based palliative care. The investigator conducted 130 hours of field work in the homes of 13 palliative caregivers (and 12 patients), and interviewed 13 active caregivers, 47 previous caregivers, 28 health care providers, nine health care administrators, and one publicly known lobbyist for the assisted suicide movement. Through this research, home-based palliative caregiving was revealed as more complicated than typically represented. Under ideal conditions, home-based palliative caregiving would result in life-enriching experiences, marked by negotiated decision making, careful consideration of caregivers' needs, respectful interactions with health care providers, and equitable access to health care. However, a number of factors stemming from idealized assumptions about dying at home and the contexts of health care provision resulted in some caregivers feeling "pressured" to provide home care, and consequently, left some of them feeling that their obligations to care were exploited by the health care system. Recent shifts toward moving the provision of health care closer to home not only changed some of the caregivers in profound ways but also transformed the home setting into one that was infused with the influences of biomedicine. Long-standing philosophical divisions between mainstream medical practice and the ideals upheld by palliative care have inhibited the development of coordinated and consistent systems of palliative care that could ultimately benefit both patients at the end-of-life and their caregivers. The findings of this study demonstrate a need to re-think the ways in which home care for the dying is conceptualized, pointing to a need to foster critical consciousness in order to explore how taken-for-granted assumptions influence and sometimes dominate the provision of health care at home. Such awareness will ultimately pave the way toward a health care system and society that genuinely respects and honours the obligations, choices, and needs of family members who provide palliative care at home.
Chemical processes in star forming regions
Creators: name: Caselli, Paola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper will review the basic concepts of gas-phase and grain surface chemistry of dense molecular clouds, where low mass and high mass stars form. The chemistry of cold pre-stellar cloud cores, where molecular freeze-out and deuterium fractionation dominate, will be presented. Then, following cloud evolution after protostellar birth, hot core and shock chemistry will be discussed in view of recent observations. A brief summary of the chemistry in protoplanetary disks will also be furnished. The aim is to identify important gas tracers in the various steps of the star formation process, pointing out the main problems still open in the field of astrochemistry.
description: Review article to appear in proceedings of the "Cores to Clusters" meeting held in Porto, Portugal, October 2004
On the Design of Chaos-Based S-boxes
Creators: name: Dimitrov, Miroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Substitution boxes (S-boxes) are critical nonlinear elements to achieve cryptanalytic resistance of modern block and stream ciphers. Given their importance, a rich variety of S-box construction strategies exists. In this paper, S-boxes generated by using chaotic functions (CF) are analyzed to measure their actual resistance to linear cryptanalysis. The aforementioned papers emphasize on the average nonlinearity of the S-box coordinates only, ignoring the rest of the S-box components in the process. Thus, the majority of those studies should be re-evaluated. Integrating such S-boxes in a given cryptosystem should be done with a considerable caution. Furthermore, we show that in the context of nonlinearity optimization problem the profit of using chaos structures is negligible. By using two heuristic methods and starting from pseudo-random S-boxes, we repeatedly reached S-boxes, which significantly outperform all previously published CF-based S-boxes, in those cryptographic terms, which the aforementioned papers utilize for comparison. Moreover, we have linked the multi-armed bandit problem to the problem of maximizing an S-box average coordinate nonlinearity value, which further allowed us to reach near-optimal average coordinate nonlinearity values significantly greater than those known in literature.
title: Ostéospermum; Ostéospermum x Dimorphotheca :
title: Principes directeurs pour la conduite de l’examen de la distinction, de l’homogénéité et de la stabilité.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: International Union For The Protection Of New Varieties Of Plants,
Publisher: name: International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants,
Year: 0
Subjects: Group identity.
New Varieties of Plants
Osteospermum

description: Ces principes directeurs (“principes directeurs d’examen”) visent à approfondir les principes énoncés dans l’introduction générale (document TG/1/3) et dans les documents TGP qui s’y rapportent afin de donner des indications concrètes détaillées pour l’harmonisation de l’examen de la distinction, de l’homogénéité et de la stabilité (DHS) et, en particulier, à identifier des caractères convenant à l’examen DHS et à la production de descriptions variétales harmonisées.
What Determines Evaluation Outcomes? - Evidence from Bi- and Multilateral Development Cooperation -
Creators: name: Michaelowa, Katharina
name: Borrmann, Axel
name: Michaelowa, Katharina
name: Borrmann, Axel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Development cooperation
subject: evaluation
subject: political economy

description: Donor agencies invest considerable financial and human resources to evaluate the outcome of their development activities. To derive institutional conditions conducive to an efficient use of these resources, we develop a multi-level principal-agent model focusing on the various interests of the different actors involved in the evaluation process. The model highlights two central problems: (i) the aid agencies' conflicting objectives of transparency and self-legitimization, and (ii) the potential collusion between the evaluator and the project manager. Empirical evidence for the World Bank and different German donor agencies reveals concrete institutional requirements for a reduced evaluation bias and increased transparency.
Theories with Memory
Creators: name: Ananth, Sudarshan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dimensionally reduced supersymmetric theories retain a great deal of information regarding their higher dimensional origins. In superspace, this "memory" allows us to restore the action governing a reduced theory to that describing its higher-dimensional progenitor. We illustrate this by restoring four-dimensional N=4 Yang-Mills to its six-dimensional parent, N=(1,1) Yang-Mills. Supersymmetric truncation is introduced into this framework and used to obtain the N=1 action in six dimensions. We work in light-cone superspace, dealing exclusively with physical degrees of freedom.
description: 18 pages, reference added
Ruggieri, Vincenzo e Pieralli, Luca: EYKOΣMIA
Creators: name: Kaufhold, Hubert
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Taming the wild in impartial combinatorial games
Creators: name: Plambeck, Thane E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91A46

description: We introduce a misere quotient semigroup construction in impartial combinatorial game theory, and argue that it is the long-sought natural generalization of the normal-play Sprague-Grundy theory to misere play. Along the way, we illustrate how to use the theory to describe complete analyses of two wild taking and breaking games.
description: 35 pages. Accepted by INTEGERS: The Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory. See also http://www.plambeck.org/oldhtml/mathematics/games/misere
Problems on Bieberbach groups and flat manifolds
Creators: name: Szczepanski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C99, 55M99, 20H15

description: We present about twenty conjectures, problems and questions about flat manifolds. Many of them build the bridges between the flat world and representation theory of the finite groups, hyperbolic geometry and dynamical systems.
description: 13 pages, the correction after the referee report
Additional file 1 of Radiation exposure and fluoroscopically-guided interventional procedures among orthopedic surgeons in South Korea
Creators: name: Seonghoon Kang
name: Cha, Eun Shil
name: Bang, Ye Jin
name: Na, Teresa W.
name: Dalnim Lee
name: Song, Sang Youn
name: Lee, Won Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Questionnaire used for orthopedic surgeons at the conference of the Korean Orthopedic Association in 2017.
Superconductivity in Quantum Complex Matter: the Superstripes Landscape
Creators: name: Bianconi, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While in XX century the theory of superconductivity has focused on a homogeneous metal with a rigid lattice which can be reduced to a single effective conduction band in the dirty limit. Today in the XXI century, the physics of superconductivity is focusing on complexity of quantum matter where novel quantum functionalities with lattice inhomogeneity at nanoscale (between 1 nm and 100 nm) and at mesoscopic scale (in the range 100-10000 nm), where the electronic structure need to be described by multiple Fermi surfaces and multiple gaps in the superconducting phase in the clean limit. The present issue of Journal of superconductivity and Novel magnetism collects papers presented at the International Conference Superstripes 2019 which was held on June 23-29, 2019, in Ischia Island, Italy. The series of Stripes conference started on Dec 8 1996 and it has contributed to scientific advances in the new physics of superconductivity in quantum complex systems in these last 23 years where polarons, strain, multigap superconductivity, exchange interaction between condensates, granular superconductivity and percolation play a key role. The articles collected in this issue cover hot topics of the new quantum physics of complex matter including the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity, complex magnetic orders and orbital physics in strongly correlated materials which have been growing rapidly in these last two years opening new perspectives also in mesoscopic quantum engineering.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Firing Costs: Eurosclerosis or Eurosuccesses?
Creators: name: Chen, Yu-Fu
name: Snower, Dennis
name: Zoega, Gylfi
name: Chen, Yu-Fu
name: Snower, Dennis
name: Zoega, Gylfi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: In this paper we analyse the employment implications of firing restrictions. We find that when a recession is expected and the trend rate of productivity growth is small, a rise in firing costs affects mainly the hiring decision. Thus there is a negative effect on average employment. When, on the other hand, a boom is expected and the rate of productivity growth is large, firing costs affect mainly the firing decision. Then, as a result, average employment is increased. Our analysis suggests that while firing restrictions might have stimulated employment and reduced unemployment in Europe in the first two decades following World War II - when large supply shocks were absent and the average rate of growth was high - these same restrictions may have had the opposite effects in the 1970s and 1980s, when significant negative supply shocks occured.
Min-oscillations in Escherichia coli induced by interactions of membrane-bound proteins
Creators: name: Meacci, G.
name: Kruse, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During division it is of primary importance for a cell to correctly determine the site of cleavage. The bacterium Escherichia coli divides in the center, producing two daughter cells of equal size. Selection of the center as the correct division site is in part achieved by the Min-proteins. They oscillate between the two cell poles and thereby prevent division at these locations. Here, a phenomenological description for these oscillations is presented, where lateral interactions between proteins on the cell membrane play a key role. Solutions to the dynamic equations are compared to experimental findings. In particular, the temporal period of the oscillations is measured as a function of the cell length and found to be compatible with the theoretical prediction.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Physical Biology
Новый виток "холодной войны" или "холодная война версия 2. 0"
Creators: name: Четвериков А.А.
Publisher: name: Архонт
Year: 2018
Subjects: НОВАЯ ХОЛОДНАЯ ВОЙНА
НАРАСТАНИЕ КОНФРОНТАЦИИ В МИРЕ
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
ПОЛИТИКА ЗАПАДА В ОТНОШЕНИИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

description: В статье рассматривается текущее состояние международных отношений западных стран во главе США в отношении России через призму т.н. новой холодной войны, дается историческая справка касательно самого явления, выделяются ключевые признаки и дается характеристика с последующим анализом и выдвигается предположение относительно последствий.
Measurement of alpha_s with JADE using Moments of event shape observables and the Four-Jet Rate
Creators: name: Schieck, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from e+e-annihilation into hadrons collected by the JADE experiment at centre-of-mass energies between 14 GeV and 44 GeV were used to study moments of event shape distributions and the four-jet rate as a function of the Durham algorithm's resolution parameter y_cut. The data were compared to a QCD NLO order calculations and including NLLA resummation in the case of the four-jet rate. The strong coupling measured from the moments was alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1286+-0.0007(stat)+-0.0011(exp)+-0.0022(had)+-0.0068(theo) and from the four-jet rate was alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1169+-0.0004(stat)+-0.0012(exp)+-0.0021(had)+-0.0007(theo) both in agreement with the world average.
description: 2 Figures, Contribution to EPS-HEP2005, Lisboa, July 2005
Findikyan, M. D.: The Commentary on the Armenian Daily Office by Bishop Step'anos Siwnee'i († 735)
Creators: name: Winkler, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 90 (2006): Oriens christianus, Band 90
Constraints from cosmic rays on non-systematic Lorentz violation
Creators: name: Basu, Sayandeb
name: Mattingly, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we analyze the radiation loss from a high energy cosmic ray proton propagating in a spacetime with non-systematic Lorentz violation. From an effective field theory perspective we illuminate flaws in previous attempts that use threshold approaches to analyze this problem. We argue that in general such approaches are of rather limited use when dealing with non-systematic Lorentz violating scenarios. The main issues we raise are a) the limited applicability of threshold energy conservation rules when translation invariance is broken and b) the large amounts of proton particle production due to the time dependence of the fluctuations. Ignoring particle production, we derive a constraint on the magnitude of velocity fluctuation $|v_f|<10^{-6.5}$, much weaker than has been previously argued. However, we show that in fact particle production makes any such constraint completely unreliable.
description: 17 pages. References added, minor typos fixed. Matches published version
Additional file 10 of Sex chromosome and sex locus characterization in goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Creators: name: Wen, Ming
name: Feron, Romain
name: Qiaowei Pan
name: Guguin, Justine
name: Jouanno, Elodie
name: Herpin, Amaury
name: Klopp, Christophe
name: Cabau, Cedric
name: Zahm, Margot
name: Parrinello, Hugues
name: Journot, Laurent
name: Burgess, Shawn M.
name: Omori, Yoshihiro
name: Postlethwait, John H.
name: Schartl, Manfred
name: Guiguen, Yann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 10. Original, unprocessed gel images of Fig. 1b, and supplementary figures 3 and 4.
title: O-GlcNAcylation Affects the Pathway Choice of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair
Creators: name: Averbek, Sera
name: Jakob, Burkhard
name: Durante, Marco
name: Averbeck, Nicole B.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Exposing cells to DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation (IR) or cytotoxic chemicals, can cause DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are crucial to repair to maintain genetic integrity. O-linked β-N-acetylglucosaminylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is a post-translational modification (PTM), which has been reported to be involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) and chromatin remodeling. Here, we investigated the impact of O-GlcNAcylation on the DDR, DSB repair and chromatin status in more detail. We also applied charged particle irradiation to analyze differences of O-GlcNAcylation and its impact on DSB repair in respect of spatial dose deposition and radiation quality. Various techniques were used, such as the γH2AX foci assay, live cell microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy (FLIM) to detect DSB rejoining, protein accumulation and chromatin states after treating the cells with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) or O-GlcNAcase (OGA) inhibitors. We confirmed that O-GlcNAcylation of MDC1 is increased upon irradiation and identified additional repair factors related to Homologous Recombination (HR), CtIP and BRCA1, which were increasingly O-GlcNAcyated upon irradiation. This is consistent with our findings that the function of HR is affected by OGT inhibition. Besides, we found that OGT and OGA activity modulate chromatin compaction states, providing a potential additional level of DNA-repair regulation.
Biochemical mechanisms of endothelial and smooth muscle cell apoptosis induced by photodynamic therapy
Creators: name: Granville, David James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality for several types of cancer and age-related macular degeneration. PDT is under investigation for the treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as restenosis, transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. Although the vasculature is a major target of PDT in the treatment of these ailments, the cellular and biochemical effects of PDT on endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) are largely unknown. Thus, my thesis work was focused on defining the biochemical processes underlying EC and SMC apoptosis in response to PDT. We hypothesized that PDT acts directly upon mitochondria to elicit rapid apoptotic cell death and involves the release of mitochondrial proteins and activation of caspases, and represents a balance of effects conveyed by members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. PDT was shown to trigger mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis, inducing factor (AIF), involving pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologues such as Bax and Bid, and activate caspases - 2,-3, -6, -7, -8 and -9 during EC and SMC apoptosis. Furthermore, AIF was shown to migrate from mitochondria to the nucleus, whereupon it is believed to initiate chromatin condensation and early (Stage I) DNA fragmentation. The effect of PDT on intracellular Ca²⁺ regulation in normal and Bcl-2-overexpressing cells was examined. Overexpression of the anti-apoptotic Bel- 2 proto-oncogene did not protect cells against PDT-mediated intracellular Ca²⁺ release. On the contrary, increased intracellular Ca²⁺ release was observed in Bcl-2 overexpressing cells. Additional studies showed that Bcl-2 overexpression was associated with increased endoplasmic reticular and mitochondrial Ca²⁺ load. PDT-induced Ca²⁺ release was due to the release of Ca²⁺ from E R and mitochondrial stores and was not due to an influx of intracellular Ca²⁺ from bathing culture media. Furthermore, extrusion of Ca²⁺ via plasma membrane Ca²⁺ ATPases was not hindered, while ER-mediated sequestration of Ca²⁺ was impaired. Impairment of ER-mediated sequestration of Ca²⁺ was shown to be due to caspase-independent degradation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPases (SERCA). In summary, our results offer key insights into the anti-tumour effects of PDT as well as its effects on EC and SMC. PDT was shown to induce rapid changes to both mitochondria and endoplasmic reticuli. Results pertaining to biochemical mechanisms of EC and SMC may eventually lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of common vascular disorders.