cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Improvement of epileptic seizure control with treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
Creators: name: Messenheimer, John
name: D'Cruz, O'Neill
name: Beach, Robert
name: Vaughn, Bradley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Sleep deprivation increases the risk of recurrent seizures in epileptic patients. We identified 10 patients with recurrent seizures and sleep disruption related to obstructive sleep apnoea. Two patients were treated with positional therapy and the remaining eight patients were treated with continuous positive airway pressure. Three of the patients became seizure free and a fourth patient had a greater than 95% reduction in seizure frequency following only the initiation of therapy for the sleep apnoea. Three of these four patients responding to therapy, had a state-dependent seizure pattern. Two of the four responders did not exhibit the typical body habitus for obstructive sleep apnoea. Three additional patients improved in seizure frequency with change in anticonvulsant medication and treatment of the obstructive sleep apnoea. The remaining three patients had less than 50% reduction in seizure frequency with treatment of the obstructive sleep apnoea. These results indicate sleep disruption caused by sleep apnoea may increase the seizure frequency in some epileptic patients. Regardless of body habitus, epilepsy patients should be questioned carefully for a history of sleep disturbance and state dependence to their seizures. Treatment of sleep disorders in this population may lower the frequency of recurrent seizures.
(100265) Mary James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Magnon Interference Tunneling Spectroscopy as a Probe of 2D Magnetism
Creators: name: Mitra, Asimpunya
name: Corticelli, Alberto
name: Ribeiro, Pedro
name: McClarty, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probing two-dimensional single-layer quantum magnets remains a significant challenge. In this letter, we propose exploiting tunneling spectroscopy in the presence of magnetic impurities to obtain information about the magnon dispersion relations in analogy to quasiparticle interference in non-magnetic materials. We show this technique can be used to establish the dispersion relations even for frustrated magnets, where the presence of an impurity generally leads to a nontrivial spin texture. Finally, we consider the problem of establishing Chern magnon bands in 2D magnets showing how tuneable impurities allow probing the nature of the surface states.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (main) + 20 pages, 11 figures (supplement)
Discovery of ATLAS17jrp as an Optical, X-ray and Infrared Bright TDE in a Star-forming Galaxy
Creators: name: Wang, Yibo
name: Jiang, Ning
name: Wang, Tinggui
name: zhu, Jiazheng
name: Dou, LiMing
name: Lin, Zheyu
name: Sun, LuMing
name: Liu, Hui
name: Sheng, Zhenfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We hereby report the discovery of ATLAS17jrp as an extraordinary TDE in star-forming galaxy SDSSJ162034.99+240726.5 in our recent sample of mid-infrared outbursts in nearby galaxies. Its optical/UV light curves rise to a peak luminosity $\sim1.06\times10^{44}\rm\,erg\,s^{-1}$ in about a month and then decay as $\rm t^{-5/3}$ with a roughly constant temperature around 19000~K, and the optical spectra show a blue continuum and very broad Balmer lines with FWHM$\sim$15000 km/s which gradually narrowed to 1400 km/s within 4 years, all agreeing well with other optical TDEs. A delayed and rapidly rising X-ray flare with a peak luminosity $\rm \sim 1.27\times10^{43}\,erg\,s^{-1}$ was detected at $\rm \sim$ 170 days after the optical peak. The high MIR luminosity of ATLAS17jrp ($\sim2\times10^{43} \rm\,erg\,s^{-1}$) has revealed a distinctive dusty environment with covering factor as high as $\sim0.2$, that is comparable with that of torus in active galactic nuclei but at least one order of magnitude higher than normal optical TDEs. Therefore, ATLAS17jrp turns out to be one of the rare unambiguous TDE found in star-forming galaxies and its high dust covering factor implies that the dust extinction could play an important role in the absence of optical TDEs in star-forming galaxies.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted to be published in ApJL
Development of an Assay for detection of IgM to Hantaan Virus Using Serum Bound to Porous Membranes to Entrap Antigen Coated Latex Beads
Creators: name: F. Randall Bethke
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1991

description: A novel immunoassay to detect IgM antibodies to Hantaan virus (family Bunyaviridae) in human sera was developed. The most unique feature of this rapid diagnostic immunoassay was the substitution of colored latex beads in place of enzymesubstrate reactions. Viral antigen-coated latex beads were entrapped in porous membranes (as they were pulled through under vacuum) coated with anti-human IgM serum which specifically captured IgM type antibodies. Development of a model system using mouse sera and antiserum to mouse IgG preceded development of the Hantaan immunoassay. The model system exhibited distinctive and reproducible specific entrapment of antigen coated beads within the membrane matrix. Although the immunological and experimental variables within this immunoassay were carefully controlled and analyzed, the assay for Hantaan IgM antibody was not diagnostically reliable due to the fact that their was not enough resolution between positive results and negative controls to be visually discernible.
A COMPARISON OF T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSIVENESS OF MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES AND WHOLE BLOOD
Creators: name: Bidle, Theresa S.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 1991

description: Cell cultures of whole blood were evaluated as a simplified replacement for mononuclear cells in the lymphocyte proliferation assay and the interleukin-2 bioassay. The cell cultures were stimulated with Phytohemaggluttin, Concanavalin A or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (OKT3) for various times of incubation. The results were measured as Tlymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production. In the lymphocyte proliferation assay, both diluted whole blood and mononuclear cell cultures produced satisfactory results. Whole blood diluted 1:8, 1:16 or 1:32 could be used as a replacement for mononuclear cells. The optimal dilution of whole blood was shown to depend on the stimulant used. In the interleukin-2 assay, diluted whole blood cultures produced higher levels of Interleukin-2 (up to 25 Units/mL) than mononuclear cell cultures (less than 5 Units/mL). Low production of Interleukin-2 in the mononuclear cell cultures could possibly be attributed to our modified protocol which used human AS serum in place of the conventional fetal bovine serum. Human AB serum does not contain the same level of foreign antigen as fetal bovine serum, which could account for the low production of Interleukin-2. The recommended protocol for interleukin-2 production is whole blood diluted 1:8 or 1:16 stimulated with Phytahemaggluttin or Concanavalin A. Whole blood diluted 1:32 consistently showed lower interleukin-2 production than whole blood diluted 1:8 or 1:16 and is not a recommended dilution. The low IL-2 production is probably due to a limiting number of T-lymphocytes present at this dilution. OKT3 elicited no detectable levels of Interleukin-2 from any of the cell cultures and is not a recommended stimulant. The use of whole blood as the source of T-lymphocytes is a modification of both the lymphocyte proliferation assay and the Interleukin-2 bioassay. It serves to eliminate the large number of manipulation steps necessary to purify mononuclear cells from peripheral blood. As a result, a reduced volume of blood is required and less time and technical assistance are needed in using these assays to measure immune competence.
(100262) Jane James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Compressive Sensing of Signals Generated in Plastic Scintillators in a Novel J-PET Instrument
Creators: name: Raczynski, L.
name: Moskal, P.
name: Kowalski, P.
name: Wislicki, W.
name: Bednarski, T.
name: Bialas, P.
name: Czerwinski, E.
name: Gajos, A.
name: Kaplon, L.
name: Kochanowski, A.
name: Korcyl, G.
name: Kowal, J.
name: Kozik, T.
name: Krzemien, W.
name: Kubicz, E.
name: Niedzwiecki, Sz.
name: Palka, M.
name: Rudy, Z.
name: Rundel, O.
name: Salabura, P.
name: Sharma, N. G.
name: Silarski, M.
name: lomski, A. S
name: Smyrski, J.
name: Strzelecki, A.
name: Wieczorek, A.
name: Zielinski, M.
name: Zon, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The J-PET scanner, which allows for single bed imaging of the whole human body, is currently under development at the Jagiellonian University. The dis- cussed detector offers improvement of the Time of Flight (TOF) resolution due to the use of fast plastic scintillators and dedicated electronics allowing for sam- pling in the voltage domain of signals with durations of few nanoseconds. In this paper we show that recovery of the whole signal, based on only a few samples, is possible. In order to do that, we incorporate the training signals into the Tikhonov regularization framework and we perform the Principal Component Analysis decomposition, which is well known for its compaction properties. The method yields a simple closed form analytical solution that does not require iter- ative processing. Moreover, from the Bayes theory the properties of regularized solution, especially its covariance matrix, may be easily derived. This is the key to introduce and prove the formula for calculations of the signal recovery error. In this paper we show that an average recovery error is approximately inversely proportional to the number of acquired samples.
adwokat Piotr Sobanski Targeo mapa.pdf
Creators: name: Sobanski, adwokat Piotr
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 149901 Comparative Economic Systems
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: dr Piotr Sobański zielonogórski prawnik adwokat. Kancelaria Adwokacka Plac Pocztowy 6/4 65-062 Zielona Góra : sporządzanie opinii prawnych; sporządzanie analiz prawnych; strategie w postępowaniach (tworzenie, ustalanie i konsultacja); strategie w procesach sądowych (tworzenie, ustalanie i konsultacja); interpretacje prawnomiędzynarodowe; pomoc w postępowaniach sądowych; pomoc w postępowaniach administracyjnych; udzielanie porad prawnych; szkolenia z zakresu prawa międzynarodowego.
Heart period variability during vagal nerve stimulation
Creators: name: Quint, Stephen
name: Robertson, K.R.
name: Setty, Amar
name: Messenheimer, John
name: Vaughn, Bradley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Vagal nerve stimulation is an emerging therapy for epilepsy, yet little is known regarding the effects of this stimulation on heart period variability. We selected 10 patients (two female, eight male) who were receiving high-frequency, high-intensity left vagal nerve stimulation for intractable epilepsy. Electrocardiogram data were recorded for a 7 min baseline, 2.5 min of stimulation and a 7 min post-stimulation period. We found no significant changes in average heart period, instantaneous changes of successive R-to-R intervals greater than 50 ms or fractal dimension. We also found no significant changes in the total power in the 0.0-0.04 Hz, 0.04-0.12 Hz and 0.2-0.4 Hz bands with stimulation of the left vagus nerve. This study suggests that left vagal nerve stimulation has little acute effect on the cardiac rhythm or heart period variability.
Centre Vortices in the Presence of Dynamical Fermions
Creators: name: Biddle, James
name: Kamleh, Waseem
name: Leinweber, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behaviour of centre vortices in the presence of dynamical fermions is studied for the first time in the context of the static quark potential and the Landau-gauge gluon propagator. These results indicate that in the presence of dynamical fermions, centre vortices are able to better encapsulate the long-range behaviour of QCD, compared to previous studies on pure Yang-Mills lattices. This work provides strong evidence that centre vortices are responsible for the long-range linear potential and the enhanced infrared gluon propagator, which are indicative of confinement in QCD.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2021), 26th - 30th July 2021, Zoom/Gather@Massachusetts Institute of Technology
High temperature behaviors of the directed polymer on a cylinder
Creators: name: Brunet, Éric
name: Gu, Yu
name: Komorowski, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the free energy of the directed polymer on a cylinder of radius $L$ with the inverse temperature $β$. Assuming the random environment is given by a Gaussian process that is white in time and smooth in space, with an arbitrary compactly supported spatial covariance function, we obtain precise scaling behaviors of the limiting free energy for high temperatures $β\ll1$, followed by large $L\gg1$, in all dimensions. Our approach is based on a perturbative expansion of the PDE hierarchy satisfied by the multipoint correlation function of the polymer endpoint distribution. For the random environment given by the $1+1$ spacetime white noise, we derive an explicit expression of the limiting free energy, confirming the result obtained through the replica method in [12].
description: 18 pages, in v3 we have corrected an error in the published version, and proposition 4.1 is rewritten with equation (4.4) in v2 removed
The targum (1925:Nov. 4 - 1925:Nov. 25)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1925

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Entanglement of Multi-qudit States Constructed by Linearly Independent Coherent States: Balanced Case
Creators: name: Najarbashi, G.
name: Mirzaei, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-mode entangled coherent states are important resources for linear optics quantum computation and teleportation. Here we introduce the generalized balanced N-mode coherent states which recast in the multi-qudit case. The necessary and sufficient condition for bi-separability of such balanced N-mode coherent states is found. We particularly focus on pure and mixed multi-qubit and multi-qutrit like states and examine the degree of bipartite as well as tripartite entanglement using the concurrence measure. Unlike the N-qubit case, it is shown that there are qutrit states violating monogamy inequality. Using parity, displacement operator and beam splitters, we will propose a scheme for generating balanced N-mode entangled coherent states for even number of terms in superposition.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
Visioni in technicolor Recensione a Nick Mason’s Saucerful Of Secrets. The Heartbeat of Pink Floyd (tour 2018/2019)
Creators: name: Pedersoli, Alessandra
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nick Mason
Drummer
Syd Barrett
Brescia
Piazza della Loggia
The Dark Side of the Moon
1968
Psychedelic

description: Nick Mason, drummer and biographer of the Pink Floyd, formed the project band Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets in 2018. The name comes from the second Pink Floyd's study album A Saucerful of Secrets, released on June 29th 1968. Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets is not a tribute band, but an opportunity to rediscover Pink Floyd's original sound at the beginning of their career, when the front man Syd Barrett led the band into performances full of psychedelic sounds, colours and moving images. The concert in Brescia, Piazza della Loggia, which brought to a close the band’s Italian tour, was an outdoor example of what the immersive psychedelic shows must have been like. The selection from the Pink Floyd's lavish catalogue of songs included onlye pre-The Dark Side of the Moon albums: The Piper at the Gates of Dawn (1967), A Saucerful of Secrets (1968), More (1969), Meddle (1971), Obscured by Clouds (1972), the first two singles Arnold Layne and See Emily Play, and some rarities like Point Me at the Sky and Syd Barrett's Vegetable Man.
Aggregation Phenomena in Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals
Creators: name: Mrad, Lidia
name: Zhao, Longhua
name: Español, Malena I.
name: Xu, Ling
name: Calderer, M. Carme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76A15 (Primary), 49M99, 00A69 (Secondary)

description: We study the aggregation phenomenon in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals as the molecular concentration changes and condensing agents are added into the system. Using properties of the critical points of the Oseen-Frank energy of a nematic liquid crystal, combined with the geometric constraints of the hexagonal columnar chromonic phases, we show that the minimizers of the total energy are topologically equivalent to tori, in agreement with available experimental evidence on chromonic liquid crystals and DNA condensates, in viral capsids as well as in free solution. We model the system as bi-phasic, consisting of liquid crystal molecules and water, and postulate the total energy as the sum of the Flory-Huggins energy of mixing together with the bending and surface tension contributions of the liquid crystal. Two types of problems are considered, one related to finding the optimal shape of a torus, once the phase separation has occurred, and the second one that models the conditions leading to molecular aggregation. This work follows recent experimental investigations, but without addressing the topological properties of the toroidal nuclei observed and focusing on how the liquid crystal order competes with the aggregation phenomenon.
Accurate Discharge Coefficient Prediction of Streamlined Weirs by Coupling Linear Regression and Deep Convolutional Gated Recurrent Unit
Creators: name: Chen, Weibin
name: Sharifrazi, Danial
name: Liang, Guoxi
name: Band, Shahab S.
name: Chau, Kwok Wing
name: Mosavi, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T05

description: Streamlined weirs which are a nature-inspired type of weir have gained tremendous attention among hydraulic engineers, mainly owing to their established performance with high discharge coefficients. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is considered as a robust tool to predict the discharge coefficient. To bypass the computational cost of CFD-based assessment, the present study proposes data-driven modeling techniques, as an alternative to CFD simulation, to predict the discharge coefficient based on an experimental dataset. To this end, after splitting the dataset using a k fold cross validation technique, the performance assessment of classical and hybrid machine learning deep learning (ML DL) algorithms is undertaken. Among ML techniques linear regression (LR) random forest (RF) support vector machine (SVM) k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and decision tree (DT) algorithms are studied. In the context of DL, long short-term memory (LSTM) convolutional neural network (CNN) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) and their hybrid forms such as LSTM GRU, CNN LSTM and CNN GRU techniques, are compared using different error metrics. It is found that the proposed three layer hierarchical DL algorithm consisting of a convolutional layer coupled with two subsequent GRU levels, which is also hybridized with the LR method, leads to lower error metrics. This paper paves the way for data-driven modeling of streamlined weirs.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
(100258) Gwendoline Winifred James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Geschäftsbericht 2017
Creators: name: Steiner, Gesine
Publisher: name: Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geschäftsbericht

description: Zahlen und Relevanz des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung
Single qudit realization of the Deutsch algorithm using superconducting many-level quantum circuits
Creators: name: Kiktenko, E. O.
name: Fedorov, A. K.
name: Strakhov, A. A.
name: Man'ko, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Design of a large-scale quantum computer has paramount importance for science and technologies. We investigate a scheme for realization of quantum algorithms using noncomposite quantum systems, i.e., systems without subsystems. In this framework, $n$ artificially allocated "subsystems" play a role of qubits in $n$-qubits quantum algorithms. With focus on two-qubit quantum algorithms, we demonstrate a realization of the universal set of gates using a $d=5$ single qudit state. Manipulation for an ancillary level in the systems allows effective implementation of operators from ${\rm U}(4)$ group via operators from ${\rm SU}(5)$ group. Using a possible experimental realization of such systems through anharmonic superconducting many-level quantum circuits, we present a blueprint for a single qudit realization of the Deutsch algorithm, which generalizes previously studied realization based on the virtual spin representation [A.R. Kessel et al., Phys. Rev. A 66, 062322 (2002)].
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; published version
Non-convulsive status epilepticus induced by tiagabine in a patient with pseudoseizure
Creators: name: Zhu, Yu
name: Vaughn, Bradley V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: Tiagabine, a novel GABA reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to induce non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in patients with epilepsy. We report a 27 year old female with history of pseudoseizure documented by video-EEG monitoring who presented confusion while on 56 mg per day of tiagabine. Electroencephalography showed generalized sharp and slow wave discharges, consistent with NCSE. The NCSE was terminated by lorazepam and did not recur after tiagabine was discontinued. This case report suggests that tiagabine may induce NCSE in patients without epilepsy.
title: Bioinspired damage tolerant diamond-metal laminates by alternating CVD and PVD processes
Creators: name: Fromm, Timo
name: Bruns, Sebastian
name: Müller, Marie-Christin
name: Fink, Alexander
name: Borchardt, Rudolf
name: Rosiwal, Stefan M.
name: Durst, Karsten
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: In this study, we present a novel process to fabricate diamond-metal laminates. By means of successive chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition processes, the lamellar material is deposited layer by layer on silicon wafers. Laminates consisting of two, five and ten layers of diamond were realized. In addition, fabrication of diamond-based, biomimetic brick-and-mortar structures was successful for the first time. For this purpose, diamond layers of a five-layer laminate were structured by laser cutting into hexagonal platelets with diameters of 400 µm and 800 µm. The mechanical behavior was characterized by three-point bending. Mostly spontaneous failure with little crack deflection was observed, indicating a strong diamond-metal interface. At over 1250 MPa, the laminates exhibit nominal strengths that exceed those of other lamellar ceramic-metal composites by at least a factor of two, while fracture energy lies in a medium range. The laminates with segmented diamond layers exhibit damage tolerance.
A fluctuation theory for Markov chains
Creators: name: Prabhu, N. U.
name: Kulkarni, V. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: A fluctuation theory for Markov chains on an ordered countable state space is developed, using ladder processes. These are shown to be Markov renewal processes. Results are given for the joint distribution of the extremum (maximum or minimum) and the first time the extremum is achieved. Also a new classification of the states of a Markov chain is suggested. Two examples are given.
Individual biological traits and behavior in economic games in two populations: Lebanon and Jamaica
Creators: name: Zaatari, Darine
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2007

description: Individuals are expected to adopt different cooperative strategies depending on their ability to obtain resources and this is likely to have an effect on cooperative interactions. Some traits of the interacting party could also affect an individual's willingness to b initiate a series of benefit exchanges. Economic games have been a successful experimental tool in measuring cooperative behavior in interactions involving two or more people. The ultimatum game measures cooperative behavior in an interaction between two individuals. One individual can split money between him or herself and another, while the other has the option of accepting or rejecting the offer. Cross-cultural research showed variation in offer size and rejection rates.Another game used in anthropological research is the public goods game. Here, a group of three or more are allocated an amount of money, from which they can make a contribution to their group's account. Money in the public account is doubled and divided over all group members. This is followed by a punishment option, where subject could pay to punish another group member. Research using both games is reviewed in chapter two.This research investigates variations within individuals in two societies, Lebanon and Jamaica, by looking at some biological traits, facial and bodily symmetry, second-to-fourth digit ratio, waist-to-hip ratio and the degree of relatedness shared between the interacting individuals, among other individual traits.Subjects increase offers when playing with an anonymous close relative, rather than a more distant relative or a member of their community (chapter three). Males with higher bodily asymmetry make higher offers (chapter four). Males with higher digit ratio made higher contributions to a public account (chapter five). Furthermore, females with low digit ratio are more likely to punish while those with high digit ratio tend to invest more in their punishment (chapter five). Younger and more symmetrical females make higher offers (chapter six). Finally, responding to partner's degree of facial symmetry, subjects either adopt an empathetic approach and offer more to an asymmetrical opposite-sexed partner, or express their attraction towards the more symmetrical partner and make a higher offer (chapter seven).
The Event Horizon of M87
Creators: name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Kormendy, John
name: Perlman, Eric S.
name: Rieke, Marcia J.
name: Doeleman, Sheperd S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 6 billion solar mass supermassive black hole at the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 powers a relativistic jet. Observations at millimeter wavelengths with the Event Horizon Telescope have localized the emission from the base of this jet to angular scales comparable to the putative black hole horizon. The jet might be powered directly by an accretion disk or by electromagnetic extraction of the rotational energy of the black hole. However, even the latter mechanism requires a confining thick accretion disk to maintain the required magnetic flux near the black hole. Therefore, regardless of the jet mechanism, the observed jet power in M87 implies a certain minimum mass accretion rate. If the central compact object in M87 were not a black hole but had a surface, this accretion would result in considerable thermal near-infrared and optical emission from the surface. Current flux limits on the nucleus of M87 strongly constrain any such surface emission. This rules out the presence of a surface and thereby provides indirect evidence for an event horizon.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to ApJ
Compositional Thermostatics
Creators: name: Baez, John C.
name: Lynch, Owen
name: Moeller, Joe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a thermostatic system to be a convex space of states together with a concave function sending each state to its entropy, which is an extended real number. This definition applies to classical thermodynamics, classical statistical mechanics, quantum statistical mechanics, and also generalized probabilistic theories of the sort studied in quantum foundations. It also allows us to treat a heat bath as a thermostatic system on an equal footing with any other. We construct an operad whose operations are convex relations from a product of convex spaces to a single convex space, and prove that thermostatic systems are algebras of this operad. This gives a general, rigorous formalism for combining thermostatic systems, which captures the fact that such systems maximize entropy subject to whatever constraints are imposed upon them.
description: 25 pages, 4 figures
Spectral density estimation for stationary stable processes
Creators: name: Masry, Elias
name: Cambanis, Stamatis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Weakly and strongly consistent nonparametric estimates, along with rates of convergence, are established for the spectral density of certain stationary stable processes. This spectral density plays a role, in linear inference problems, analogous to that played by the usual power spectral density of second order stationary processes.
The Number of Possible CETIs within Our Galaxy and the Communication Probability among These CETIs
Creators: name: Song, Wenjie
name: Gao, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the only known intelligent civilization, human beings are always curious about the existence of other communicating extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations (CETIs). Based on the latest astrophysical information, we carry out Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the number of possible CETIs within our Galaxy and the communication probability among them. Two poorly known parameters have a great impact on the results. One is the probability of life appearing on terrestrial planets and eventually evolving a into CETI ($f_c$), and the other determines at what stage of their host star's evolution CETIs would be born ($F$). In order to ensure the completeness of the simulation, we consider a variety of combinations of $f_c$ and $F$. Our results indicate that for optimistic situations (e.g. $F=25\%$ and $f_c=0.1\%$), there could be $42777_{-369}^{+267}$ CETIs and they need to survive for $3_{-2}^{+17}$ yr ($2000_{-1400}^{+2000}$ yr) to achieve one-way communication (two-way communication). In this case, human beings need to survive $0.3_{-0.298}^{+0.6}$ Myr to receive one alien signal. For pessimistic situations (e.g. $F=75\%$ and $f_c=0.001\%$), only $111_{-17}^{+28}$ CETIs could be born and they need to survive for $0.8_{-0.796}^{+1.2}$ Myr ($0.9_{-0.88}^{+4.1}$ Myr) to achieve one-way communication (two-way communication). In this case, human beings need to survive $50_{-49.6}^{+250}$ Myr to receive one signal from other CETIs. Our results may quantitatively explain why we have not detected any alien signals so far. The uncertainty of the results has been discussed in detail and would be alleviated with the further improvement of our astronomical observation ability in the future.
description: Published in ApJ
title: Investigation of enzymatic hydrolysis process to valorize waste mussel shells
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thi-Hong-Xuan
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2021

description: Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are the most common mussel harvested with high value nutritional compounds including proteins, vitamins ( C, A, and B12), and minerals (iron and calcium). Blue mussels are filter feeders eating plankton from the water. Mussel farming is more sustainable form of aquaculture as fish meal, chemicals (antibiotics and additives) are not required and the risk of pathogens escaping into the coastal ecosystems is minimal. The worldwide aquaculture and processing of mussels is rapidly increasing and blue mussels are Canada’s top shellfish aquaculture product produced in every province in Atlantic Canada, as well as in Quebec and British Columbia. By-products from mussel aquaculture and processing, such as processed mussel shells, unmarketable and broken mussels, make up a significant waste stream from this industry and are currently difficult to valorize. Waste mussel shells are a potential source of bio-calcium carbonate and proteins. Protein enzymatic hydrolysis, a process where protein macromolecules are hydrolyzed to amino acids and peptides of smaller size. The process is a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly means of valorizing waste mussel shells, producing two product streams: mussel shells without residual meat and non-toxic hydrolysate. This study includes a review of literature on valorizations of waste mussel shells for the source of bio-calcium carbonate and proteins. The review shows the lack of kinetic studies for enzymatic hydrolysis of mussels, required for any scale up to a commercial process. In this study, mussel meat is removed from whole mussels by using enzymatic hydrolysis technology. The process is carried out using a food grade enzyme, Multifect PR 6L, and tap water at neutral pH, with no pH control, and a temperature 50ﾟC. To determine the rate of hydrolysis, the degree of digested meat (DM) is used in this study instead of the degree of hydrolysis (DH). The enzyme and substrate concentrations were varied to determine the impact of these factors on the final digested meat and rate of reaction. The fraction of digested meat (or degree of shell cleaning) varied from 0.57 g/gₘₑₐₜ to 0.94 g/gₘₑₐₜ depending on the enzyme and substrate (meat) concentrations. Soluble protein concentration of the obtained hydrolysates was also analyzed. After evaluating a number of reaction rate mechanisms, the first-order model is suggested as the best model to describe the enzymatic hydrolysis of whole raw mussels. The soluble protein concentration in the resulting hydrolysate increases with the increases in the amount of digested meat.
(100259) Enid Muriel Fanny James
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Geometry of Adversarial Training in Binary Classification
Creators: name: Bungert, Leon
name: Trillos, Nicolás García
name: Murray, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62G35, 49Q20, 68Q32, 65J20

description: We establish an equivalence between a family of adversarial training problems for non-parametric binary classification and a family of regularized risk minimization problems where the regularizer is a nonlocal perimeter functional. The resulting regularized risk minimization problems admit exact convex relaxations of the type $L^1+$ (nonlocal) $\operatorname{TV}$, a form frequently studied in image analysis and graph-based learning. A rich geometric structure is revealed by this reformulation which in turn allows us to establish a series of properties of optimal solutions of the original problem, including the existence of minimal and maximal solutions (interpreted in a suitable sense), and the existence of regular solutions (also interpreted in a suitable sense). In addition, we highlight how the connection between adversarial training and perimeter minimization problems provides a novel, directly interpretable, statistical motivation for a family of regularized risk minimization problems involving perimeter/total variation. The majority of our theoretical results are independent of the distance used to define adversarial attacks.
Representations and cohomologies of Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras with applications
Creators: name: Zhang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A40, 17A30, 17B56

description: The representation and cohomology theory of Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras is introduced. As an application, we study deformation and extension of Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras. It proved that a 1-parameter infinitesimal deformation of a Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebra $T$ corresponds to a Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebra of deformation type and a (2,3)-cocycle of $T$ with coefficients in the adjoint representation. We also prove that abelian extensions of Hom-Lie-Yamaguti algebras are classified by the (2,3)-cohomology group.
description: 20 pages, some English words and expressions are changed
(100260) Oscar Le Fevre Milburn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The targum (1925:Dec. 2 - 1925:Dec. 16)
Creators: name: No Name Supplied
Publisher: name: Targum Association
Year: 1925

description: Some University historians indicate that the Targum was first published as an annual in 1867, but of this we have no extant evidence. In January 1869, the Targum as we now know it, made its appearance as a monthly paper that concerned itself with student “literary contributions” and college news as well as serving as a vehicle for bringing news to alumni and the general public. The newspaper, which originally was for sale, varied in frequency over the years as did its title (The Targum, Rutgers Targum, Rutgers Daily Targum, and Daily Targum). The newspaper has continuously been published since 1869 with the exception of 19 months during the second world war, between February 1944 and October 1945. The Targum was published by the students of Rutgers College, and later Rutgers University—New Brunswick represented through the years as the Targum Association, Rutgers Targum Association, and Rutgers College Targum. As a student organization, the Targum operated under the oversight of the dean of students and student government but in October 1980, the Targum became an independent college paper.
Light from the Darkness: Detecting Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies in the Perseus Cluster through Over-densities of Globular Clusters with a Log-Gaussian Cox Process
Creators: name: Li, Dayi
name: Eadie, Gwendolyn M.
name: Abraham, Roberto G.
name: Brown, Patrick E.
name: Harris, William E.
name: Janssens, Steven R.
name: Romanowsky, Aaron J.
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Danieli, Shany
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new method for detecting ultra-diffuse galaxies by searching for over-densities in intergalactic globular cluster populations. Our approach is based on an application of the log-Gaussian Cox process, which is a commonly used model in the spatial statistics literature but rarely used in astronomy. This method is applied to the globular cluster data obtained from the PIPER survey, a \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} imaging program targeting the Perseus cluster. We successfully detect all confirmed ultra-diffuse galaxies with known globular cluster populations in the survey. We also identify a potential galaxy that has no detected diffuse stellar content. Preliminary analysis shows that it is unlikely to be merely an accidental clump of globular clusters or other objects. If confirmed, this system would be the first of its kind. Simulations are used to assess how the physical parameters of the globular cluster systems within ultra-diffuse galaxies affect their detectability using our method. We quantify the correlation of the detection probability with the total number of globular clusters in the galaxy and the anti-correlation with increasing half-number radius of the globular cluster system. The Sérsic index of the globular cluster distribution has little impact on detectability.
description: 35 pages, 17 figures, accepted to ApJ
The Friedrichs angle and alternating projections in Hilbert $C^{*}$-modules
Creators: name: Mesland, Bram
name: Rennie, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L08, 47A46

description: Let $B$ be a $C^{*}$-algebra, $X$ a Hilbert $C^{*}$-module over $B$ and $M,N\subset X$ a pair of complemented submodules. We prove the $C^{*}$-module version of von Neumann's alternating projections theorem: the sequence $(P_{N}P_{M})^{n}$ is Cauchy in the $*$-strong module topology if and only if $M\cap N$ is the complement of $\overline{M^{\perp}+N^{\perp}}$. In this case, the $*$-strong limit of $(P_{M}P_{N})^{n}$ is the orthogonal projection onto $M\cap N$. We use this result and the local-global principle to show that the cosine of the Friedrichs angle $c(M,N)$ between any pair of complemented submodules $M,N\subset X$ is well-defined and that $c(M,N)<1$ if and only if $M\cap N$ is complemented and $M+N$ is closed.
description: 19 pages. We added Lemma 3.10, sharpened Proposition 3.12, and discuss vector bundles in Remark 3.14