cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stability of vacuum for the Landau equation with hard potentials
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, Sanchit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the spatially inhomogeneous Landau equation with Maxwellian and hard potentials (i.e with $γ\in[0,1)$) on the whole space $\mathbb{R}^3$. We prove that if the initial data $f_{\text{in}}$ are close to the vacuum solution $f_{\text{vac}}=0$ in an appropriate weighted norm then the solution $f$ exists globally in time. This work builds up on the author's earlier work on local existence of solutions to Landau equation with hard potentials. Our proof uses $L^2$ estimates and exploits the null-structure established by Luk [Stability of vacuum for the Landau equation with moderately soft potentials, Annals of PDE (2019) 5:11]. To be able to close our estimates, we have to couple the weighted energy estimates, which were established by the author in a previous paper [Local existence for the Landau equation with hard potentials, arXiv:1910.11866], with the null-structure and devise new weighted norms that take this into account.
description: 49 pages; comments welcome!
On the fate of the secondary white dwarf in double-degenerate double-detonation Type Ia supernovae
Creators: name: Pakmor, R.
name: Callan, F. P.
name: Collins, C. E.
name: de Mink, S. E.
name: Holas, A.
name: Kerzendorf, W. E.
name: Kromer, M.
name: Neunteufel, P. G.
name: O'Brien, John T.
name: Roepke, F. K.
name: Ruiter, A. J.
name: Seitenzahl, I. R.
name: Shingles, Luke J.
name: Sim, S. A.
name: Taubenberger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The progenitor systems and explosion mechanism of Type Ia supernovae are still unknown. Currently favoured progenitors include double-degenerate systems consisting of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs with thin helium shells. In the double-detonation scenario, violent accretion leads to a helium detonation on the more massive primary white dwarf that turns into a carbon detonation in its core and explodes it. We investigate the fate of the secondary white dwarf, focusing on changes of the ejecta and observables of the explosion if the secondary explodes as well rather than survives. We simulate a binary system of a $1.05\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ and a $0.7\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ carbon-oxygen white dwarf with $0.03\,\mathrm{M_\odot}$ helium shells each. We follow the system self-consistently from inspiral to ignition, through the explosion, to synthetic observables. We confirm that the primary white dwarf explodes self-consistently. The helium detonation around the secondary white dwarf, however, fails to ignite a carbon detonation. We restart the simulation igniting the carbon detonation in the secondary white dwarf by hand and compare the ejecta and observables of both explosions. We find that the outer ejecta at $v~>~15\,000$\,km\,s$^{-1}$ are indistinguishable. Light curves and spectra are very similar until $\sim~40\,\mathrm{d}$ after explosion and the ejecta are much more spherical than violent merger models. The inner ejecta differ significantly slowing down the decline rate of the bolometric light curve after maximum of the model with a secondary explosion by $\sim20$ per cent. We expect future synthetic 3D nebular spectra to confirm or rule out either model.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted to MNRAS, comments welcome
The interplay between social interaction quality and wellbeing in military personnel during their initial two-years of service
Creators: name: Crane, Monique F.
name: Forbes, David
name: Lewis, Virginia
name: O’Donnell, Meaghan
name: Dell, Lisa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This research examined the nature of social interaction profiles in the initial two-years of military service, profile association to early vulnerability to psychological distress, and the association between supervisor interaction qualities in the likelihood of profile membership. Data were collected as part of a larger longitudinal study. Participants who completed key variables at either 3–12 months post-enlistment (N = 5,233; 85.6% male) or 15–24 months post-enlistment (N = 2,162; 79.2% male) were included in the cross-sectional profile analysis of social interaction quality from military and nonmilitary sources. Cross-sectional latent profile analyses and transition analysis were used to investigate the social interaction profiles at each time-point, the effect of leader interactions on movement between profiles, and related psychological distress outcomes. Social interaction quality, and in particular colleague interactions, was predictably associated with psychological distress. Leadership interactions were associated with the nature of colleague social interactions. Greater positive social interactions with leadership was related to a reduced likelihood of experiencing less frequent negative interactions with colleagues. The findings implicate a possible role for supervisors in perpetuating positive or negative colleague interactions. Moreover, a trajectory of vulnerability to psychological distress may start in the initial two-years of military service and emerge from the psychosocial context.
Contagious Synchronization and Endogenous Network Formation in Financial Networks
Creators: name: Aymanns, Christoph
name: Georg, Co-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Computational Finance (q-fin.CP)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: When banks choose similar investment strategies the financial system becomes vulnerable to common shocks. We model a simple financial system in which banks decide about their investment strategy based on a private belief about the state of the world and a social belief formed from observing the actions of peers. Observing a larger group of peers conveys more information and thus leads to a stronger social belief. Extending the standard model of Bayesian updating in social networks, we show that the probability that banks synchronize their investment strategy on a state non-matching action critically depends on the weighting between private and social belief. This effect is alleviated when banks choose their peers endogenously in a network formation process, internalizing the externalities arising from social learning.
description: 41 pages, 10 figures, Journal of Banking & Finance 2014
The Weak Scale from BBN
Creators: name: Hall, Lawrence J.
name: Pinner, David
name: Ruderman, Joshua T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measured values of the weak scale, $v$, and the first generation masses, $m_{u,d,e}$, are simultaneously explained in the multiverse, with all these parameters scanning independently. At the same time, several remarkable coincidences are understood. Small variations in these parameters away from their measured values lead to the instability of hydrogen, the instability of heavy nuclei, and either a hydrogen or a helium dominated universe from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. In the 4d parameter space of $(m_u,m_d,m_e,v)$, catastrophic boundaries are reached by separately increasing each parameter above its measured value by a factor of $(1.4,1.3,2.5,\sim5)$, respectively. The fine-tuning problem of the weak scale in the Standard Model is solved: as $v$ is increased beyond the observed value, it is impossible to maintain a significant cosmological hydrogen abundance for any values of $m_{u,d,e}$ that yield both hydrogen and heavy nuclei stability. For very large values of $v$ a new regime is entered where weak interactions freeze out before the QCD phase transition. The helium abundance becomes independent of $v$ and is determined by the cosmic baryon and lepton asymmetries. To maintain our explanation of $v$ from the anthropic cost of helium dominance then requires universes with such large $v$ to be rare in the multiverse. Implications of this are explored, including the possibility that new physics below 10 TeV cuts off the fine-tuning in $v$.
description: 26 pages plus appendix, 13 figures
Development and Evolution of Commitment Profiles among Military Recruits: Implications for Turnover Intention and Well-being
Creators: name: Anderson, Brittney K.
name: Meyer, John P.
name: Goldenberg, Irina
name: Laplante, Joelle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: We investigate the development and consequences of commitment profiles among Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) recruits who completed surveys at the end of basic training (N = 3998) and three (N = 636) and nine (N = 612) months later. The surveys included measures of affective, normative, and continuance commitment as well as measures developed by the CAF to assess recruits’ experiences, career intentions, and well-being. Latent profile analyses of commitment at the end of basic training revealed four quantitatively distinct profiles (i.e., profiles differing in elevation but not shape). Strength of commitment related positively with perceived values fit, support from instructors and fellow recruits, and well-being, and negatively with turnover intention. Analyses of longitudinal data obtained following basic training revealed a stable and more differentiated 6-profile structure reflecting weak, exchange-based (continuance-dominant) and value-based (strong affective alone or in combination with strong normative and continuance) commitment. Value-based profiles were associated with greater perceived values fit, supervisor support, and well-being, and lower turnover intentions. The relative advantages of identifying the more nuanced commitment mind-sets reflected in commitment profiles is discussed along with the relevance of early onboarding experiences for the development of value-based commitment and retention.
The AlgZR Two-Component System Recalibrates the RsmAYZ Posttranscriptional Regulatory System To Inhibit Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System
Creators: name: Urbanowski, M. L.
name: Yahr, T. L.
name: Wolfgang, M. C.
name: Intile, P. J.
name: Diaz, M. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes chronic airway infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A classic feature of CF airway isolates is the mucoid phenotype. Mucoidy arises through mutation of the mucA anti-sigma factor and subsequent activation of the AlgU regulon. Inactivation of mucA also results in reduced expression of the Vfr transcription factor. Vfr regulates several important virulence factors, including a type III secretion system (T3SS). In the present study, we report that ExsA expression, the master regulator of T3SS gene expression, is further reduced in mucA mutants through a Vfr-independent mechanism involving the RsmAYZ regulatory system. RsmA is an RNA binding protein required for T3SS gene expression. Genetic experiments suggest that the AlgZR two-component system, part of the AlgU regulon, inhibits ExsA expression by increasing the expression of RsmY and RsmZ, two small noncoding RNAs that sequester RsmA from target mRNAs. Epistasis analyses revealed that increasing the concentration of free RsmA, through either rsmYZ deletion or increased RsmA expression, partially restored T3SS gene expression in the mucA mutant. Furthermore, increasing RsmA availability in combination with Vfr complementation fully restored T3SS expression. Recalibration of the RsmAYZ system by AlgZR, however, did not alter the expression of other selected RsmA-dependent targets. We account for this observation by showing that ExsA expression is more sensitive to changes in free RsmA than other members of the RsmA regulon. Together, these data indicate that recalibration of the RsmAYZ system partially accounts for reduced T3SS gene expression in mucA mutants.
Online Social Networks and Terrorism 2.0 in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Ishengoma, Fredrick Romanus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advancement in technology has brought a new era in terrorism where Online Social Networks have become a major platform of communication with wide range of usage from message channeling to propaganda and recruitment of new followers in terrorist groups. Meanwhile, during the terrorist attacks people use social networks for information exchange, mobilizing and uniting and raising money for the victims. This paper critically analyses the specific usage of social networks in the times of terrorism attacks in developing countries.
description: 11 pages
Graded decompositions of fusion products in rank two
Creators: name: Barth, Leon
name: Kus, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine the graded decompositions of fusion products of finite-dimensional irreducible representations for simple Lie algebras of rank two. Moreover, we give generators and relations for these representations and obtain as a consequence that the Schur positivity conjecture holds in this case. The graded Littlewood-Richardson coefficients in the decomposition are parametrized by lattice points in convex polytopes and an explicit hyperplane description is given in the various types.
Systematic Parametrization of the Leading $B$-meson Light-Cone Distribution Amplitude
Creators: name: Feldmann, Thorsten
name: Lüghausen, Philip
name: van Dyk, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a parametrization of the leading $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) in heavy-quark effective theory (HQET). In position space, it uses a conformal transformation that yields a systematic Taylor expansion and an integral bound, which enables control of the truncation error. Our parametrization further produces compact analytical expressions for a variety of derived quantities. At a given reference scale, our momentum-space parametrization corresponds to an expansion in associated Laguerre polynomials, which turn into confluent hypergeometric functions ${}_1F_1$ under renormalization-group evolution at one-loop accuracy. Our approach thus allows a straightforward and transparent implementation of a variety of phenomenological constraints, regardless of their origin. Moreover, we can include theoretical information on the Taylor coefficients by using the local operator production expansion. We showcase the versatility of the parametrization in a series of phenomenological pseudo-fits.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Unique Helicase Determinants in the Essential Conjugative TraI Factor from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Plasmid pCU1
Creators: name: Redinbo, M. R.
name: McLaughlin, K. J.
name: Nash, R. P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The widespread development of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major health emergency. Conjugative DNA plasmids, which harbor a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes, also encode the protein factors necessary to orchestrate the propagation of plasmid DNA between bacterial cells through conjugative transfer. Successful conjugative DNA transfer depends on key catalytic components to nick one strand of the duplex DNA plasmid and separate the DNA strands while cell-to-cell transfer occurs. The TraI protein from the conjugative Salmonella plasmid pCU1 fulfills these key catalytic roles, as it contains both single-stranded DNA-nicking relaxase and ATP-dependent helicase domains within a single, 1,078-residue polypeptide. In this work, we unraveled the helicase determinants of Salmonella pCU1 TraI through DNA binding, ATPase, and DNA strand separation assays. TraI binds DNA substrates with high affinity in a manner influenced by nucleic acid length and the presence of a DNA hairpin structure adjacent to the nick site. TraI selectively hydrolyzes ATP, and mutations in conserved helicase motifs eliminate ATPase activity. Surprisingly, the absence of a relatively short (144-residue) domain at the extreme C terminus of the protein severely diminishes ATP-dependent strand separation. Collectively, these data define the helicase motifs of the conjugative factor TraI from Salmonella pCU1 and reveal a previously uncharacterized C-terminal functional domain that uncouples ATP hydrolysis from strand separation activity.
The One-Man Farm
Creators: name: Bailey, Warren R.
name: Bailey, Warren R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Production Economics
subject: Economies
subject: Efficiency
subject: Farm size
subject: Income
subject: Labor
subject: Management
subject: Rent

description: One-man farms that are technically optimum in size are presented in seven examples. Discussed are changes and underlying causes, the economies associated with buying and selling, and diseconomies. Returns to operator labor, to operator management, and to land on the technically optimum farms are compared with both larger and smaller farms.
Cyclic Di-GMP Riboswitch-Regulated Type IV Pili Contribute to Aggregation of Clostridium difficile
Creators: name: Tamayo, Rita
name: Purcell, Erin B.
name: Lafontaine, Daniel A.
name: Bordeleau, Eric
name: Burrus, Vincent
name: Fortier, Louis-Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium that causes intestinal infections with symptoms ranging from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis. Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a bacterial second messenger that typically regulates the switch from motile, free-living to sessile and multicellular behaviors in Gram-negative bacteria. Increased intracellular c-di-GMP concentration in C. difficile was recently shown to reduce flagellar motility and to increase cell aggregation. In this work, we investigated the role of the primary type IV pilus (T4P) locus in c-di-GMP-dependent cell aggregation. Inactivation of two T4P genes, pilA1 (CD3513) and pilB1 (CD3512), abolished pilus formation and significantly reduced cell aggregation under high c-di-GMP conditions. pilA1 is preceded by a putative c-di-GMP riboswitch, predicted to be transcriptionally active upon c-di-GMP binding. Consistent with our prediction, high intracellular c-di-GMP concentration increased transcript levels of T4P genes. In addition, single-round in vitro transcription assays confirmed that transcription downstream of the predicted transcription terminator was dose dependent and specific to c-di-GMP binding to the riboswitch aptamer. These results support a model in which T4P gene transcription is upregulated by c-di-GMP as a result of its binding to an upstream transcriptionally activating riboswitch, promoting cell aggregation in C. difficile .
Joint Traffic-Aware UAV Placement and Predictive Routing for Aerial Networks
Creators: name: Almeida, Eduardo Nuno
name: Coelho, André
name: Ruela, José
name: Campos, Rui
name: Ricardo, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Aerial networks, composed of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) acting as Wi-Fi access points or cellular base stations, are emerging as an interesting solution to provide on-demand wireless connectivity to users, when there is no network infrastructure available, or to enhance the network capacity. This article proposes a traffic-aware topology control solution for aerial networks that holistically combines the placement of UAVs with a predictive and centralized routing protocol. The synergy created by the combination of the UAV placement and routing solutions allows the aerial network to seamlessly update its topology according to the users' traffic demand, whilst minimizing the disruption caused by the movement of the UAVs. As a result, the Quality of Service (QoS) provided to the users is improved. The components of the proposed solution are described and evaluated individually in this article by means of simulation and an experimental testbed. The results show that all the components improve the QoS provided to the users when compared to the corresponding baseline solutions.
The Origin and Non-quasiparticle Nature of Fermi Arcs in Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$
Creators: name: Reber, T. J.
name: Plumb, N. C.
name: Sun, Z.
name: Cao, Y.
name: Wang, Q.
name: McElroy, K.
name: Iwasawa, H.
name: Arita, M.
name: Wen, J. S.
name: Xu, Z. J.
name: Gu, G.
name: Yoshida, Y.
name: Eisaki, H.
name: Aiura, Y.
name: Dessau, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Fermi arc is a disconnected segment of a Fermi surface observed in the pseudogap phase of cuprate superconductors. This simple description belies the fundamental inconsistency in the physics of Fermi arcs, specifically that such segments violate the topological integrity of the band. Efforts to resolve this contradiction of experiment and theory have focused on connecting the ends of the Fermi arc back on itself to form a pocket, with limited and controversial success. Here we show the Fermi arc, while composed of real spectral weight, lacks the quasiparticles to be a true Fermi surface. To reach this conclusion we developed a new photoemission-based technique that directly probes the interplay of pair-forming and pair-breaking processes with unprecedented precision. We find the spectral weight composing the Fermi arc is shifted from the gap edge to the Fermi energy by pair-breaking processes. While real, this weight does not form a true Fermi surface, because the quasiparticles, though significantly broadened, remain at the gap edge. This non-quasiparticle weight may account for much of the unexplained behavior of the pseudogap phase of the cuprates.
The intersection of individual differences, personality variation, & military service: A twin comparison design
Creators: name: Nedelec, Joseph L.
name: Boutwell, Brian B.
name: Theocharidou, Kalliopi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: In societies where military service is voluntary multiple factors are likely to affect the decision to enlist. Past research has produced evidence that a handful of personality and social factors seem to predict service in the military. However, recent quantitative genetic research has illustrated that enlistment in the military appears to be partially heritable and thus past research is potentially subject to genetic confounding. To assess the extent to which genetic confounding exists, the current study examined a wide range of individual-level factors using a subsample of twins (n = 1,232) from the restricted-use version of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The results of a series of longitudinal twin comparison models, which control for the latent sources of influence that cluster within families (i.e., shared genetic and family factors), illustrated generally null findings. However, individuals with higher scores on measures of extraversion and the general factor of personality were more likely to enlist in the military, after correction for familial confounding. Nonetheless, the overall results suggest that familial confounding should be a methodological concern in this area of research, and future work is encouraged to employ genetically informed methodologies in assessments of predictors of military enlistment.
Prognosis of Rotor Parts Fly-off Based on Cascade Classification and Online Prediction Ability Index
Creators: name: Shen, Yingjun
name: Song, Zhe
name: Kusiak, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large rotating machines, e.g., compressors, steam turbines, gas turbines, are critical equipment in many process industries such as energy, chemical, and power generation. Due to high rotating speed and tremendous momentum of the rotor, the centrifugal force may lead to flying apart of the rotor parts, which brings a great threat to the operation safety. Early detection and prediction of potential failures could prevent the catastrophic plant downtime and economic loss. In this paper, we divide the operational states of a rotating machine into normal, risky, and high-risk ones based on the time to the moment of failure. Then a cascade classifying algorithm is proposed to predict the states in two steps, first we judge whether the machine is in normal or abnormal condition; for time periods which are predicted as abnormal we further classify them into risky or high-risk states. Moreover, traditional classification model evaluation metrics, such as confusion matrix, true-false accuracy, are static and neglect the online prediction dynamics and uneven wrong-prediction prices. An Online Prediction Ability Index (OPAI) is proposed to select prediction models with consistent online predictions and smaller close-to-downtime prediction errors. Real-world data sets and computational experiments are used to verify the effectiveness of proposed methods.
Diffusion of Antibiotics through the PilQ Secretin in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Occurs through the Immature, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Labile Form
Creators: name: Nicholas, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT In strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae harboring the mtr and penB determinants that decrease permeation of antibiotics into the periplasm, mutation or deletion of the PilQ secretin of type IV pili increases resistance to penicillin by ∼3-fold, indicating a role for PilQ in antibiotic permeation. In this study, we examined spontaneously arising mutants with decreased susceptibility to penicillin. One class of mutants had a phenotype indistinguishable from that of a previously characterized pilQ2 mutation that interfered with the formation of SDS-resistant PilQ multimers. A second class of mutants contained frameshift mutations in genes upstream of pilQ in the pilMNOPQ operon that increased resistance to levels similar to those of the pilQ2 mutation. In-frame deletions of these genes were constructed, but only the frameshift mutations increased antibiotic resistance, suggesting that the mutations had polar effects on PilQ. Consistent with this result, titration of wild-type PilQ levels revealed a direct correlation between resistance and expression levels of PilQ. To determine which form of PilQ, the monomer or the multimer, was responsible for antibiotic permeation, we manipulated and quantified these forms in different mutants. Deletion of PilW, which is responsible for the maturation of PilQ into SDS-resistant multimers, had no effect on resistance. Moreover, Western blot analysis revealed that while SDS-resistant multimer levels were decreased by 26% in frameshift mutants, the levels of PilQ monomers were decreased by 48%. These data suggest that immature, SDS-labile complexes, not mature, SDS-resistant PilQ complexes, serve as the route of entry of antibiotics into the periplasm. IMPORTANCE The capacity of antibiotics to reach their target is crucial for their activity. In Neisseria gonorrhoeae , the PilQ secretin of type IV pili plays an important role in antibiotic influx when diffusion of antibiotics through porins is limited (e.g., in most resistant strains). On Western blots, PilQ exists both as a mature higher-order multimer and an immature, SDS-labile monomer. In this study, we examined spontaneously arising mutations in PilQ and in the genes upstream of PilQ in the pilMNOPQ operon that increase resistance to penicillin. We provide evidence that PilQ monomers associate by mass action to form immature multimers and that these complexes likely mediate the diffusion of antibiotics across the outer membrane.
Probabilistic Galois Theory over $P$-adic Fields
Creators: name: Weiss, Benjamin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11S05, 11S20, 11T06

description: We estimate several probability distributions arising from the study of random, monic polynomials of degree $n$ with coefficients in the integers of a general $p$-adic field $K_{\mathfrak{p}}$ having residue field with $q= p^f$ elements. We estimate the distribution of the degrees of irreducible factors of the polynomials, with tight error bounds valid when $q> n^2+n$. We also estimate the distribution of Galois groups of such polynomials, showing that for fixed $n$, almost all Galois groups are cyclic in the limit $q \to \infty$. In particular, we show that the Galois groups are cyclic with probability at least $1 - \frac{1}{q}$. We obtain exact formulas in the case of $K_{\mathfrak{p}}$ for all $p > n$ when $n=2$ and $n=3$.
description: 27 pages
TABIIY SUVLAR TARKIBIDAGI RADIONUKLIDLAR MIQDORINI  INTERFAOL METODI  ASOSIDA O'QITISH
Creators: name: Qutbedinov, A.K.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Mazkur maqolada tabiiy suvlar tarkibida radionuklidlar miqdorini  aniqlash metodlarini bo'lajak fizik mutaxassislarga o'qitishning interfaol usullari yoritib berilgan. Usullarni yoritish davomida Qizilqum hududidagi turli xil suv manbalaridan olingan na'munalar tarkibi tahlil qilingan. Olingan natijalar ilmiy muhokamasi asosida tabiiy suvlar tarkibida radionuklidlar miqdorini aniqlash metodlarini bo'lajak fizik mutaxasislarlaga o'qitishning interfaol usullari bo'yicha xulosalar berilgan.
On some limitations of probabilistic models for dimension-reduction: Illustration in the case of probabilistic formulations of partial least squares
Creators: name: Etievant, Lola
name: Viallon, Vivian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Partial Least Squares (PLS) refer to a class of dimension-reduction techniques aiming at the identification of two sets of components with maximal covariance, to model the relationship between two sets of observed variables $x\in\mathbb{R}^p$ and $y\in\mathbb{R}^q$, with $p\geq 1, q\geq 1$. Probabilistic formulations have recently been proposed for several versions of the PLS. Focusing first on the probabilistic formulation of the PLS-SVD proposed by el Bouhaddani et al., we establish that the constraints on their model parameters are too restrictive and define particular distributions for $(x,y)$, under which components with maximal covariance (solutions of PLS-SVD) are also necessarily of respective maximal variances (solutions of principal components analyses of $x$ and $y$, respectively). We propose an alternative probabilistic formulation of PLS-SVD, no longer restricted to these particular distributions. We then present numerical illustrations of the limitation of the original model of el Bouhaddani et al. We also briefly discuss similar limitations in another latent variable model for dimension-reduction.
Factors Affecting QoS in Tanzania Cellular Networks
Creators: name: Mtaho, Adam B.
name: Ishengoma, Fredrick Romanus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quality of service in cellular communication system is a topic that recently has raised much interest for many researchers. This paper presents the findings obtained from the study on factors affecting QoS in Tanzania cellular networks. The study was carried out in Dodoma Municipal, Tanzania. The study employed cross sectional research design. Information was gathered from structured questionnaire of 240 subscribers during the study of quality of service for the four leading cellular networks in Tanzania. Both qualitative and quantitative data from field survey were collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Excel software. The study findings show that the major factors that degrade QoS in Tanzania cellular networks are inadequate network infrastructure, lack of fairness from service providers and little efforts taken by the government in enforcing the national agreed standards. Other factors are lack of reliable end to end systems, geographical terrain, low quality handsets, poor government monitoring on standards and lack of subscriber skills and training.
description: 7 Pages
Fringe visibility and correlation in Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter
Creators: name: Liu, Yanjun
name: Wang, Meiya
name: Xiang, Zhongcheng
name: Wu, Haibin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the wave-particle duality in a general Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter from the viewpoint of quantum information theory. The correlations(including the classical correlation and the quantum correlation) between the particle and the which-path detector are derived when they are in pure state or mixed state at the output of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. It is found that the fringe visibility and the correlations are effected by the asymmetric beam splitter and the input state of the particle. The complementary relations between the fringe visibility and the correlations are also presented.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1812.04348
Perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation of US Army ROTC cadets: A self-determination theory perspective
Creators: name: Raabe, Johannes
name: Zakrajsek, Rebecca A.
name: Orme, John G.
name: Readdy, Tucker
name: Crain, Jared A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Since its inception in 1916 the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) has trained and commissioned more than half a million individuals and, therefore, produced more officers for the United States (US) Army than any other commissioning source (US Army, 2020a). However, there have been high attrition rates among cadets. While the reasons for people’s engagement in the military are complex and include a multitude of tangible and intangible factors, motivation has been found to be a vital contributor to individuals’ ongoing service in the armed forces. Accordingly, utilizing the framework of self-determination theory, the current research was designed to: (a) examine the validity and reliability of existing instruments in measuring cadets’ perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation, (b) assess cadets’ perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation, and (c) explore potential differences in cadets’ perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation based on their class in the program, age, gender, and race. A total of 728 US Army ROTC cadets participated in this survey-based study. Overall, individuals reported relatively high levels of involvement from their cadre, need fulfillment, and self-determined motivation. In contrast, they perceived limited autonomy support from their cadre. In sum, further research appears warranted to gain an in-depth understanding of cadets’ motivation.
Comparability in the graph monoid
Creators: name: Hazrat, Roozbeh
name: Vas, Lia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06F05, 05C25, 19A49, 06F20, 16E20, 20M32

description: Let $Γ$ be the infinite cyclic group on a generator $x.$ To avoid confusion when working with $\mathbb Z$-modules which also have an additional $\mathbb Z$-action, we consider the $\mathbb Z$-action to be a $Γ$-action instead. Starting from a directed graph $E$, one can define a cancellative commutative monoid $M_E^Γ$ with a $Γ$-action which agrees with the monoid structure and a natural order. The order and the action enable one to label each nonzero element as being exactly one of the following: comparable (periodic or aperiodic) or incomparable. We comprehensively pair up these element features with the graph-theoretic properties of the generators of the element. We also characterize graphs such that every element of $M_E^Γ$ is comparable, periodic, graphs such that every nonzero element of $M_E^Γ$ is aperiodic, incomparable, graphs such that no nonzero element of $M_E^Γ$ is periodic, and graphs such that no element of $M_E^Γ$ is aperiodic. The Graded Classification Conjecture can be formulated to state that $M_E^Γ$ is a complete invariant of the Leavitt path algebra $L_K(E)$ of $E$ over a field $K.$ Our characterizations indicate that the Graded Classification Conjecture may have a positive answer since the properties of $E$ are well reflected by the structure of $M_E^Γ.$ Our work also implies that some results of [R. Hazrat, H. Li, The talented monoid of a Leavitt path algebra, J. Algebra, 547 (2020) 430-455] hold without requiring the graph to be row-finite.
Inhibition of Cell Differentiation in Bacillus subtilis by Pseudomonas protegens
Creators: name: Shank, Elizabeth A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: ABSTRACT Interspecies interactions have been described for numerous bacterial systems, leading to the identification of chemical compounds that impact bacterial physiology and differentiation for processes such as biofilm formation. Here, we identified soil microbes that inhibit biofilm formation and sporulation in the common soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis . We did so by creating a reporter strain that fluoresces when the transcription of a biofilm-specific gene is repressed. Using this reporter in a coculture screen, we identified Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas protegens as bacteria that secrete compounds that inhibit biofilm gene expression in B. subtilis . The active compound produced by P. protegens was identified as the antibiotic and antifungal molecule 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). Colonies of B. subtilis grown adjacent to a DAPG-producing P. protegens strain had altered colony morphologies relative to B. subtilis colonies grown next to a DAPG-null P. protegens strain ( phlD strain). Using a subinhibitory concentration of purified DAPG in a pellicle assay, we saw that biofilm-specific gene transcription was delayed relative to transcription in untreated samples. These transcriptional changes also corresponded to phenotypic alterations: both biofilm biomass and spore formation were reduced in B. subtilis liquid cultures treated with subinhibitory concentrations of DAPG. Our results add DAPG to the growing list of antibiotics that impact bacterial development and physiology at subinhibitory concentrations. These findings also demonstrate the utility of using coculture as a means to uncover chemically mediated interspecies interactions between bacteria. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are communities of bacteria adhered to surfaces by an extracellular matrix; such biofilms can have important effects in both clinical and agricultural settings. To identify chemical compounds that inhibited biofilm formation, we used a fluorescent reporter to screen for bacteria that inhibited biofilm gene expression in Bacillus subtilis . We identified Pseudomonas protegens as one such bacterium and found that the biofilm-inhibiting compound it produces was the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). We showed that even at subinhibitory concentrations, DAPG inhibits biofilm formation and sporulation in B. subtilis . These findings have potential implications for understanding the interactions between these two microbes in the natural world and support the idea that many compounds considered antibiotics can impact bacterial development at subinhibitory concentrations.
Analytic Map of Three-Channel S Matrix -Generalized Uniformization and Mittag-Leffler Expansion-
Creators: name: Yamada, Wren A.
name: Morimatsu, Osamu
name: Sato, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the analytic structure of the three-channel $S$ matrix by generalizing uniformization and making a single-valued map for the three-channel $S$ matrix. First, by means of the inverse Jacobi's elliptic function we construct a transformation from eight Riemann sheets of the center-of-mass energy squared complex plane onto a torus, on which the three-channel $S$ matrix is represented single-valued. Secondly, we show that the Mittag-Leffler expansion, a pole expansion, of the three-channel scattering amplitude includes not only topologically trivial but also nontrivial contributions and is given by the Weierstrass zeta function. Finally, we examine the obtained formula in the context of a simple three-channel model. Taking a simple non-relativistic effective field theory with contact interaction for the $S=-2$, $I=0$, $J^P = 0^+$, $ΛΛ-NΞ-ΣΣ$ coupled-channel scattering, we demonstrate that the scattering amplitude as a function of the uniformization variable is, in fact, given by the Mittag-Leffler expansion with the Weierstrass zeta function and that it is dominated by contributions from neighboring poles.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Farm Real Estate Historical Series Data: 1850-1970
Creators: name: Clifton, Ivery D.
name: Crowley, William D.
name: Clifton, Ivery D.
name: Crowley, William D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Farm real estate
subject: farm numbers
subject: land in farms
subject: farmland values
subject: farm building values
subject: farm mortgage debt
subject: farm real estate taxes

description: Historical data on numbers of farms, land in farms, and average dollar value of land and buildings—by acre, farm, and total value--are covered, as well as building value, farm mortgage debt, and farm real estate taxes per $100 value. All series are reported by State and by 48-State totals. Data on farm numbers, land in farms, and value of land and buildings are reported, where available, decennially from 1850 to 1910, annually thereafter through 1970. Data on farm mortgage debt and farm real estate taxes, for most States, are reported annually from 1910 through 1970.
Cosmological Mass of the Photon and Dark Energy as its Bose-Einstein Condensate in de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Resca, Lorenzo Gallerani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I develop a physical picture of dark energy (DE) based on fundamental principles and constants of quantum mechanics (QM) and general relativity (GR) theories. It derives from a conjecture of non-zero masses for nearly standard-model photons, based on QM localization at a cosmological scale. Dark energy is associated with de Sitter space and that has a fundamentally invariant event horizon. I conceive of DE as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of cosmologically massive photons and I estimate fundamentally the binding energy per particle originating from an effectively attractive QM potential in that BEC. Since massive photons may stand at rest in a de Sitter universe with flat spatial geometry, I solve the time-independent Schroedinger equation for a non-relativistic attractive spherical-well potential self-confining at the de Sitter horizon. The minimal critical potential depth that binds a particle state at the top of that well, combined with the prototypical condition of dark energy-pressure relation in the standard flat $Λ$-CDM model, provides an estimate of the photon mass, $m_g$. That is supported by an independent calculation of the vacuum energy of the BEC in a de Sitter static metric with coordinate-time slicing. These estimates provide compatible accounts of dark energy condensation, bridging a chasm between nuclear and cosmological scales. Most notably, I consider a system of cosmological units, or `$g$-units,' that complements the fundamental system of Planck units in various ways. The geometric mean of Planck and $g$-mass turns out to be remarkably close to current estimates of neutrino masses, suggesting that even masses of the lightest known fermions may be deeply related to both GR and QM fundamental constants $Λ$, $G$, $c$ and $h$. I finally relate the fine structure constant to $m_g$ and a Coulomb potential confined within a corresponding cosmological horizon.
Stability of pizoelectric beam with magnetic effect under (Coleman or Pipkin)-Gurtin thermal law
Creators: name: Akil, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate the stabilization of a system of piezoelectric beams under (Coleman or Pipkin )-Gurtin thermal law with magnetic effect. First, we study the Piezoelectric-Coleman-Gurtin system and we obtain an exponential stability result. Next, we consider the Piezoelectric-Gurtin-Pipkin system and we establish a polynomial energy decay rate of type $t^{-1}$
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2102.07538 by other authors
Elementary Excitations in the Symmetric Spin--Orbital Model
Creators: name: Kagan, M. Y.
name: Kugel, K. I.
name: Mikheyenkov, A. V.
name: Barabanov, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possible types of elementary excitations in the symmetric spin-orbital model on the a square lattice are analyzed using a spherically symmetric self-consistent approach. The excitation spectra are calculated. The behavior of the corresponding correlation functions depending on the temperature and parameters of the model is studied. A schematic phase diagram is plotted. It is shown that the thermodynamics of the system is mainly determined by elementary excitations with the entangled spin and orbital degrees of freedom.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures