cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mean-field theory of an asset exchange model with economic growth and wealth distribution
Creators: name: Klein, W.
name: Lubbers, N.
name: Liu, Kang K. L.
name: Khouw, T.
name: Gould, Harvey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a mean-field theory of the growth, exchange and distribution (GED) model introduced by Kang et al. (preceding paper) that accurately describes the phase transition in the limit that the number of agents $N$ approaches infinity. The GED model is a generalization of the Yard-Sale model in which the additional wealth added by economic growth is nonuniformly distributed to the agents according to their wealth in a way determined by the parameter $λ$. The model was shown numerically to have a phase transition at $λ=1$ and be characterized by critical exponents and critical slowing down. Our mean-field treatment of the GED model correctly predicts the existence of the phase transition, critical slowing down, the values of the critical exponents, and introduces an energy whose probability satisfies the Boltzmann distribution for $λ< 1$, implying that the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium in the limit that $N \to \infty$. We show that the values of the critical exponents obtained by varying $λ$ for a fixed value of $N$ do not satisfy the usual scaling laws, but do satisfy scaling if a combination of parameters, which we refer to as the Ginzburg parameter, is much greater than one and is held constant. We discuss possible implications of our results for understanding economic systems and the subtle nature of the mean-field limit in systems with both additive and multiplicative noise.
description: The paper is complemented by simulations of the GED model reported in Kang K. L. Liu,1 N. Lubbers, 1 W. Klein, J. Tobochnik, B. M. Boghosian, and Harvey Gould, "Simulation of a generalized asset exchange model with economic growth and wealth distribution."
Topological entanglement and hyperbolic volume
Creators: name: Dwivedi, Aditya
name: Dwivedi, Siddharth
name: Mandal, Bhabani Prasad
name: Ramadevi, Pichai
name: Singh, Vivek Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement entropy of many quantum systems is difficult to compute in general. They are obtained as a limiting case of the Rényi entropy of index $m$, which captures the higher moments of the reduced density matrix. In this work, we study pure bipartite states associated with $S^3$ complements of a two-component link which is a connected sum of a knot $\mathcal{K}$ and the Hopf link. For this class of links, the Chern-Simons theory provides the necessary setting to visualise the $m$-moment of the reduced density matrix as a three-manifold invariant $Z(M_{\mathcal{K}_m})$, which is the partition function of $M_{\mathcal{K}_m}$. Here $M_{\mathcal{K}_m}$ is a closed 3-manifold associated with the knot $\mathcal K_m$, where $\mathcal K_m$ is a connected sum of $m$-copies of $\mathcal{K}$ (i.e., $\mathcal{K}\#\mathcal{K}\ldots\#\mathcal{K}$) which mimics the well-known replica method. We analyse the partition functions $Z(M_{\mathcal{K}_m})$ for SU(2) and SO(3) gauge groups, in the limit of the large Chern-Simons coupling $k$. For SU(2) group, we show that $Z(M_{\mathcal{K}_m})$ can grow at most polynomially in $k$. On the contrary, we conjecture that $Z(M_{\mathcal{K}_m})$ for SO(3) group shows an exponential growth in $k$, where the leading term of $\ln Z(M_{\mathcal{K}_m})$ is the hyperbolic volume of the knot complement $S^3\backslash \mathcal{K}_m$. We further propose that the Rényi entropies associated with SO(3) group converge to a finite value in the large $k$ limit. We present some examples to validate our conjecture and proposal.
description: 38 pages, 24 figures & 15 tables; v2: Introduction & Conclusion modified, new subsection added in section 3, three new references added; matches published version
Education, Healthcare, and Military Spending
Creators: name: Bassett, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: For this project, I have laid out a variety of data visualizations pertaining to education, healthcare, and military spending around the world. Several unique charts have been created that look at: Education, Healthcare, and Military Spending over time Spending data compared to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Education and Healthcare Spending in relation to Military Spending Per Capita Comparisons Changes in Education and Healthcare Spending over time To access this information, unzip the spendingdata.zip folder, and then type project1/introduction.html into a web server. This leads to the html webpage that was created.
Polarization-sensitive propagation in an anisotropic metamaterial with double-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation
Creators: name: Luo, Hailu
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The polarization-sensitive propagation in the anisotropic metamaterial (AMM) with double-sheeted hyperboloid dispersion relation is investigated from a purely wave propagation point of view. We show that TE and TM polarized waves present significantly different characteristics which depend on the polarization. The omnidirectional total reflection and oblique total transmission can occur in the interface associated with the AMM. If appropriate conditions are satisfied, one polarized wave exhibits the total refraction, while the other presents the total reflection. We find that the opposite amphoteric refractions can be realized by rotating the principle axis of AMM, such that one polarized wave performs the negative refraction, while the other undergoes positive refraction. The polarization-sensitive characteristics allow us to construct two types of efficient polarizing beam splitters under certain achievable conditions.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Προσωπικά Δεδομένα Υγείας και Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας
Creators: name: Ζαφειρίου, Ιωάννα Αριστείδους
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Προσωπικά Δεδομένα υγείας
Γενικός Κανονισμός για την Προστασία Δεδομένων
Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας
Health Data
General Data Protection Regulation
Electronic Health Record

description: Οι επιστήμες υγείας έχουν βασίσει πλέον την ανταλλαγή πληροφοριών τους μέσω ηλεκτρονικών συστημάτων και εφαρμογών υπολογιστών με αποτέλεσμα την υπέρογκή επεξεργασία δεδομένων. Τα υποκείμενα δεδομένων αντιμετωπίζουν κινδύνους παραβίασης της ασφάλειας των δεδομένων τους ενώ παράλληλα βρίσκονται αντιμέτωπα με κινδύνους παραβίασης και των δικαιωμάτων τους. Ο Γενικός Κανονισμός για την Προστασία Δεδομένων, που τέθηκε σε ισχύ από 25/5/2018 εξασφαλίζει την ασφαλή ροή των δεδομένων προστατεύοντας παράλληλα τα υποκείμενα από την παράτυπη επεξεργασία των προσωπικών τους δεδομένων. Ειδικότερα στην κατηγορία των δεδομένων υγείας οι κίνδυνοι που ελλοχεύουν λόγω της απώλειάς τους είναι εντονότεροι, καθόσον η υγεία προσδιορίζει το άτομο ως αξία αλλά και ως μέλος του κοινωνικού συνόλου. Η άμυνα που έχει το άτομο απέναντι στην προσβολή των προσωπικών του δεδομένων είναι ένα δίχτυ δικαιωμάτων. Ο Ηλεκτρονικός Φάκελος Υγείας, ως ψηφιακή έκφανση ενός συγκεντρωμένου συστήματος πληροφοριών υγείας, διευκολύνει τόσο τους ασθενής όσο και τους επαγγελματίες υγείας να έχουν εύκολη και ασφαλή πρόσβαση σε πλήρες ιστορικό υγείας. Για την εύρυθμη λειτουργία του καλούνται να συμμορφωθούν με τον Κανονισμό όλοι οι επαγγελματίες υγείας με στόχο την καλύτερη παροχή υπηρεσιών υγείας αλλά και την εξασφάλιση της δημόσιας υγείας
description: Health sciences have now based their exchange of information through electronic systems and computer applications resulting in excessive data processing. Data subjects are at risk of compromising their data security while also face risks of violation of their rights.The General Data Protection Regulation, which came into force on 25/5/2018, ensures the secure flow of data while protecting the subjects from the wrongful processing of their personal data.In particular, in the category of health data, the dangers that lie ahead from a potential leak are more intense, as health determines the individual as a value but also as a member of society.An individual’s defense against the violation of their personal data is a network of rightsThe Electronic Health Record, as a digital facet of a centralized health information system, facilitates both patient and health professionals to have easy and secure access to a complete health history. For proper functioning, all health professionals are required to comply with the Regulation in order to provide better health services and ensure public health
Additional file 1 of Visceral adiposity in postmenopausal women is associated with a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome and immunogenic metabolic endotoxemia
Creators: name: Gaber, Mohamed
name: Wilson, Adam S.
name: Millen, Amy E.
name: Hovey, Kathleen M.
name: LaMonte, Michael J.
name: Wactawski-Wende, Jean
name: Ochs-Balcom, Heather M.
name: Cook, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Supplemental data: ELISA data. Alpha diversity. Species.
A new luminous supersoft X-ray source in NGC 300
Creators: name: Carpano, S.
name: Wilms, J.
name: Schirmer, M.
name: Kendziorra, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. We report the discovery of a new luminous supersoft source, XMMU J005455.0-374117, in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300, in XMM-Newton observations performed on 2005 May 22 and on 2005 November 25. The source is not present in ROSAT data nor in the previous XMM-Newton observations of 2000 December/2001 January. The unique luminous supersoft source, XMMU J005510.7-373855, detected in the 1992 May/June ROSAT data and in the 2000/2001 XMM-Newton data, fell below detectability. This source already appeared highly variable in ROSAT observations. Aims. We report on the temporal and spectral analysis of this new supersoft source (SSS) and compare its properties with the previous known SSS. Methods. We present the light curves of the SSS, model its spectrum and estimate the corresponding flux and luminosities. Results. The light curve of XMMU J005455.0-374117 does not show large fluctuations in any of the observations and its spectrum can be modelled with an absorbed blackbody with kT~60eV. The corresponding bolometric luminosity is 8.1e38 erg/s in the first observation and drops to 2.2e38 erg/s six months later. No optical source brighter than mV~21.7 mag is found coincident with its position. Conclusions. The luminosity of these two SSSs is higher than what has been found for `classical' SSSs. Their nature could be explained by beamed emission from steady nuclear burning of hydrogen onto white dwarfs, or accretion onto stellar-mass black hole with matter outflow or observed at high inclination angle. The presence of an intermediate-mass black hole seems unlikely in our case.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted in A&A
Completeness of SoV Representation for $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb R)$ Spin Chains
Creators: name: Derkachov, Sergey É.
name: Kozlowski, Karol K.
name: Manashov, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work develops a new method, based on the use of Gustafson's integrals and on the evaluation of singular integrals, allowing one to establish the unitarity of the separation of variables transform for infinite-dimensional representations of rank one quantum integrable models. We examine in detail the case of the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb R)$ spin chains.
Συγκριτική μελέτη της σεισμικής φέρουσας ικανότητας επιφανειακών θεμελιώσεων με τους εακ2000 και ec8 - ανάπτυξη λογισμικού επίλυσης
Creators: name: Φυτόπουλος, Κυριάκος Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2018
Subjects: Σεισμική φέρουσα ικανότητα
Επιφανειακές θεμελιώσεις
Εακ-2000
Ευρωκώδικας 8
Seisimic bearing capacity
Shallow foundations
Greek seismic code
Eurocode 8

description: Μέχρι πρόσφατα, ο έλεγχος της φέρουσας ικανότητας αβαθών θεμελιώσεων κατά τη σεισμική φόρτιση γινόταν κάνοντας χρήση της μεθόδου που επιβάλλει ο Ελληνικός Αντισεισμικός Κανονισμός, βασισμένη στις σχέσεις του Brinch Hansen. Αντίθετα με τον Ελληνικό Αντισεισμικό Κανονισμό, στον EC8-5 δεν προτείνεται η συγκεκριμένη μέθοδος. Ο έλεγχος αβαθών θεμελιώσεων σε φέρουσα ικανότητα πραγματοποιείται κάνοντας χρήση μίας αναλυτικής σχέσης που παίρνει υπόψη μερικά από τα φαινόμενα της σεισμικής δράσης. Στην παρούσα μελέτη, για να γίνουν κατανοητές οι διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο μεθόδων, πραγματοποιείται παραμετρική μελέτη. Σε αυτή την μελέτη εξετάζεται η επιρροή διαφόρων παραγόντων όπως η αντοχή, οι αδρανειακές δυνάμεις στο έδαφος, ο λόγος των διαστάσεων του θεμελίου, η εκκεντρότητα και η λοξότητα της φόρτισης. Ο έλεγχος της φέρουσας ικανότητας σύμφωνα με το παράρτημα 5 του EC8 για σεισμική φόρτιση συγκρίνεται με τον έλεγχο της φέρουσας ικανότητας σύμφωνα με τον Ελληνικό Αντισεισμικό Κανονισμό. Στο τέλος, υπολογίζονται οι ελάχιστες διαστάσεις θεμελίου με τις δυο μεθοδολογίες και συγκρίνονται τα αποτελέσματά τους. Με γνώμονα τον εύκολο και γρήγορο έλεγχο αβαθών θεμελιώσεων σε φέρουσα ικανότητα και συνεπώς την πραγματοποίηση όλων των απαραίτητων υπολογισμών, αναπτύχθηκε ένα λογισμικό υπολογισμού της φέρουσας ικανότητας με τις δύο μεθόδους
description: Until recently, seismic bearing capacity of shallow foundations has been verified using the methodology enforced by the Greek Seismic Code which derives from Brinch Hansen equations. On the contrary, Eurocode 8 does not recommend this method. Seismic bearing capacity check of shallow foundations is verified using an analytical formula which takes into account various seismic action effects. In the present study, in order to understand the differences between the two methods, a parametric study is carried out. In this study, the effect of various factors is examined such as soil strength, inertial forces on soil, foundation aspect ratio, load eccentricity and load inclination. Seismic bearing capacity check according to EC8-5 is compared to the Greek Seismic Code. Finally, the minimum foundation dimensions are calculated using both methodologies and their results are being compared. With a view to verifying the bearing capacity of soil easily and quickly, and consequently to performing all the required calculations, a software that calculates the bearing capacity of soil with both methods was developed
Deformation of Vect($\mathbb{R})$-Modules of Symbols
Creators: name: Basdouri, Imed
name: Ammar, Mabrouk Ben
name: Dali, Béchir
name: Omri, Salem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Tensor densities, Cohomology, Deformation

description: We consider the action of the Lie algebra of polynomial vector fields, $\mathfrak{vect}(1)$, by the Lie derivative on the space of symbols $\mathcal{S}_δ^n=\bigoplus_{j=0}^n \mathcal{F}_{δ-j}$. We study deformations of this action. We exhibit explicit expressions of some 2-cocycles generating the second cohomology space $\mathrm{H}^2_{\rm diff}(\mathfrak{vect}(1),{\cal D}_{ν,μ})$ where ${\cal D}_{ν,μ}$ is the space of differential operators from $\mathcal{F}_ν$ to $\mathcal{F}_μ$. Necessary second-order integrability conditions of any infinitesimal deformations of $\mathcal{S}_δ^n$ are given. We describe completely the formal deformations for some spaces $\mathcal{S}_δ^n$ and we give concrete examples of non trivial deformations.
Additional file 1 of Dexrazoxane prevents vascular toxicity in doxorubicin-treated mice
Creators: name: Krüger, Dustin N.
name: Bosman, Matthias
name: Van Craenenbroeck, Emeline M.
name: De Meyer, Guido R. Y.
name: Franssen, Constantijn
name: Guns, Pieter-Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Retro-Reflective Beam Communications with Spatially Separated Laser Resonator
Creators: name: Xiong, Mingliang
name: Liu, Mingqing
name: Jiang, Qingwei
name: Zhou, Jie
name: Liu, Qingwen
name: Deng, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical wireless communications (OWC) utilizing infrared or visible light as the carrier attracts great attention in 6G research. Resonant beam communications (RBCom) is an OWC technology which simultaneously satisfies the needs of non-mechanical mobility and high signal-to-noise ratio~(SNR). It has the self-alignment feature and therefore avoids positioning and pointing operations. However, RBCom undergoes echo interference. Here we propose an echo-interference-free RBCom system design based on second harmonic generation. The transmitter and the receiver constitute a spatially separated laser resonator, in which the retro-reflective resonant beam is formed and tracks the receiver automatically. This structure provides the channel with adaptive capability in beamforming and alignment, which is similar to the concept of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) enhanced communications, but without hardware and software controllers. Besides, we establish an analytical model to evaluate the beam radius, the beam power, and the channel capacity. The results show that our system achieves longer distance and smaller beam diameter for the transmission beyond 10 Gbit/s, compared with the existing OWC technologies.
Additional file 1: of Cannabis use and the risk of tuberculosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: French, Clare
name: Coope, Caroline
name: McGuinness, Luke
name: Beck, Charles
name: Newitt, Sophie
name: Ahyow, Lauren
name: Hickman, Matt
name: Oliver, Isabel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Search strategies. (DOCX 13 kb)
A probable close brown dwarf companion to GJ 1046 (M2.5V)
Creators: name: Kürster, M.
name: Endl, M.
name: Reffert, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Brown dwarf companions to stars at separations of a few AU or less are rare objects, and none have been found so far around early-type M dwarfs M0V-M5V). With GJ 1046 (M2.5V), a strong candidate for such a system with a separation of 0.42 AU is presented. Aims. We aim at constraining the mass of the companion in order to decide whether it is a brown dwarf or a low-mass star. Methods. We employed precision RV measurements to determine the orbital parameters and the minimum companion mass. We then derived an upper limit to the companion mass from the lack of disturbances of the RV measurements by a secondary spectrum. An even tighter upper limit is subsequently established by combining the RV-derived orbital parameters with the recent new version of the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data. Results. For the mass of the companion, we derive m>26.9 MJup from the RV data. Based on the RV data alone, the probability that the companion exceeds the stellar mass threshold is just 6.2%. The absence of effects from the secondary spectrum lets us constrain the companion mass to m <229 MJup. The combination of RV and Hipparcos data yields a 3sigma upper mass limit to the companion mass of 112 MJup with a formal optimum value at m=47.2 MJup. From the combination of RV and astrometric data, the chance probability that the companion is a star is 2.9%. Conclusions. We have found a low-mass, close companion to an early-type M dwarf. While the most likely interpretation of this object is that it is a brown dwarf, a low-mass stellar companion is not fully excluded.
description: Accepted by A&A, 6 pages, 3 figures with 4 jpg files (Fig. 3 has two panels), original version replaced as sidecaption in Figure 1 did not work. Changes in 2nd replacement: (1) Conclusions: 99.9% --> 99.73% . (2) one sentence below: the the --> the . (3) References: Joergens, V., M\"uller, A.. 2007. ApJL, in press --> ... A., 2007, ApJ 666, L113
Radial distribution function of penetrable sphere fluids to second order in density
Creators: name: Santos, Andres
name: Malijevsky, Alexandr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest bounded potential is that of penetrable spheres, which takes a positive finite value $ε$ if the two spheres are overlapped, being 0 otherwise. In this paper we derive the cavity function to second order in density and the fourth virial coefficient as functions of $T^*\equiv k_BT/ε$ (where $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant and $T$ is the temperature) for penetrable sphere fluids. The expressions are exact, except for the function represented by an elementary diagram inside the core, which is approximated by a polynomial form in excellent agreement with accurate results obtained by Monte Carlo integration. Comparison with the hypernetted-chain (HNC) and Percus-Yevick (PY) theories shows that the latter is better than the former for $T^*\lesssim 1$ only. However, even at zero temperature (hard sphere limit), the PY solution is not accurate inside the overlapping region, where no practical cancelation of the neglected diagrams takes place. The exact fourth virial coefficient is positive for $T^*\lesssim 0.73$, reaches a minimum negative value at $T^*\approx 1.1$, and then goes to zero from below as $1/{T^*}^4$ for high temperatures. These features are captured qualitatively, but not quantitatively, by the HNC and PY predictions. In addition, in both theories the compressibility route is the best one for $T^*\lesssim 0.7$, while the virial route is preferable if $T^*\gtrsim 0.7$.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor changes; to be published in PRE
Unimodular cosmology and the weight of energy
Creators: name: Álvarez, Enrique
name: Faedo, Antón F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some models are presented in which the strength of the gravitational coupling of the potential energy relative to the same coupling for the kinetic energy is, in a precise sense, adjustable. The gauge symmetry of these models consists of those coordinate changes with unit jacobian.
description: LaTeX, 23 pages, conclusions expanded. Two paragraphs and a new reference added
Automated tractography using TRACULA for the investigation of white matter tracts in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Creators: name: Kreilkamp, Barbara
name: Weber, Bernd
name: Richardson, Mark
name: Keller, Simon
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is not routinely used for clinical investigations of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Here we evaluate whether the automatic tractography tool TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA) is sensitive enough to detect bilateral scalar metric abnormalities in unilateral TLE. White matter tract analysis of DTI-derived metrics reveals significant differences between subject groups. This tool may provide a sensitive, fast and reproducible assessment of patients’ tracts in clinical settings.
Simulating a measurement-induced phase transition for trapped ion circuits
Creators: name: Czischek, Stefanie
name: Torlai, Giacomo
name: Ray, Sayonee
name: Islam, Rajibul
name: Melko, Roger G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rise of programmable quantum devices has motivated the exploration of circuit models which could realize novel physics. A promising candidate is a class of hybrid circuits, where entangling unitary dynamics compete with disentangling measurements. Novel phase transitions between different entanglement regimes have been identified in their dynamical states, with universal properties hinting at unexplored critical phenomena. Trapped ion hardware is a leading contender for the experimental realization of such physics, which requires not only traditional two-qubit entangling gates, but a constant rate of local measurements accurately addressed throughout the circuit. Recent progress in engineering high-precision optical addressing of individual ions makes preparing a constant rate of measurements throughout a unitary circuit feasible. Using tensor network simulations, we show that the resulting class of hybrid circuits, prepared with native gates, exhibits a volume-law to area-law transition in the entanglement entropy. This displays universal hallmarks of a measurement-induced phase transition. Our simulations are able to characterize the critical exponents using circuit sizes with tens of qubits and thousands of gates. We argue that this transition should be robust against additional sources of experimental noise expected in modern trapped ion hardware, and will rather be limited by statistical requirements on post selection. Our work highlights the powerful role that tensor network simulations can play in advancing the theoretical and experimental frontiers of critical phenomena.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
TRACULA versus TBSS: comparing DTI analysis approaches in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Creators: name: Kreilkamp, Barbara
name: Weber, Bernd
name: Richardson, Mark
name: Keller, Simon
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) studies have shown bilateral tract metric changes in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) relative to healthy controls. Here we evaluate whether classifiers based on the automatic tractography tool TRActs Constrained by UnderLying Anatomy (TRACULA) and Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) metrics can distinguish between patients with left and right TLE. Main conclusion: White matter tract DTI-derived metrics reveal significant differences across softwares and subject groups. Classification performance is shown to depend on the software and the evaluated tracts. This result might carry importance for presurgical assessment of lateralization in patients with TLE.
Additional file 2: of Cannabis use and the risk of tuberculosis: a systematic review
Creators: name: French, Clare
name: Coope, Caroline
name: McGuinness, Luke
name: Beck, Charles
name: Newitt, Sophie
name: Ahyow, Lauren
name: Hickman, Matt
name: Oliver, Isabel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Guidance used to make domain level risk of bias judgements. (DOCX 18 kb)
Generation of odd-frequency surface superconductivity with spontaneous spin current due to the zero-energy Andreev bound state
Creators: name: Matsubara, Shun
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Kontani, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the odd-frequency $s$ wave ($s^{\rm{odd}}$ wave) superconducting gap function, which is usually unstable in the bulk, naturally emerges at the edge of $d$ wave superconductors. This prediction is based on the surface spin fluctuation pairing mechanism owing to the zero-energy surface Andreev bound state. The interference between bulk and edge gap functions triggers the $d+s^{\rm{odd}}$ state, and the generated spin current is a useful signal uncovering the ``hidden'' odd-frequency gap. In addition, the edge $s^{\rm{odd}}$ gap can be determined via the proximity effect on the diffusive normal metal. Furthermore, this study provides a decisive validation of the ``Hermite odd-frequency gap function,'' which has been an open fundamental challenge to this field.
description: 9pages, 8figures
Fast photon detection for the COMPASS RICH detector
Creators: name: Schill, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COMPASS experiment at the SPS accelerator at CERN uses a large scale Ring Imaging CHerenkov detector (RICH) to identify pions, kaons and protons in a wide momentum range. For the data taking in 2006, the COMPASS RICH has been upgraded in the central photon detection area (25% of the surface) with a new technology to detect Cherenkov photons at very high count rates of several 10^6 per second and channel and a new dead-time free read-out system, which allows trigger rates up to 100 kHz. The Cherenkov photons are detected by an array of 576 visible and ultra-violet sensitive multi-anode photomultipliers with 16 channels each. The upgraded detector showed an excellent performance during the 2006 data taking.
description: Proceeding of the IPRD06 conference (Siena, Okt. 06)
A new Wilson line-based action for gluodynamics
Creators: name: Kakkad, Hiren
name: Kotko, Piotr
name: Stasto, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a canonical transformation of fields that brings the Yang-Mills action in the light-cone gauge to a new classical action, which does not involve any triple-gluon vertices. The lowest order vertex is the four-point MHV vertex. Higher point vertices include the MHV and $\overline{\textrm{MHV}}$ vertices, that reduce to the corresponding amplitudes in the on-shell limit. In general, any $n$-leg vertex has $2\leq m \leq n-2$ negative helicity legs. The canonical transformation of fields can be compactly expressed in terms of path-ordered exponentials of fields and their functional derivative. We apply the new action to compute several tree-level amplitudes, up to 8-point NNMHV amplitude, and find agreement with the standard methods. The absence of triple-gluon vertices results in fewer diagrams required to compute amplitudes, when compared to the CSW method and, obviously, considerably fewer than in the standard Yang-Mills action.
description: Some typos corrected, references updated, 26 pages, 10 figures
Additional file 1 of A multifaceted analysis of decreasing trust in health institutions in the EU during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Yaddanapudi, Lahari
name: Hahn, Julia
name: Ladikas, Miltos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary material 1.
The absence of superconductivity in the next-to-leading order Ginzburg-Landau functional for Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer superconductor
Creators: name: Rybakov, Filipp N.
name: Babaev, Egor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shortly after the Gor'kov microscopic derivation of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) model via a small order parameter expansion in Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory of superconductivity, the derivation was carried to next-to-leading order in that parameter and its spatial derivatives. The aim was to obtain a generalized GL free energy that approximates the microscopic model better. Since 1960s, multiple works have claimed or implicitly assumed that this extended GL model corresponds to the free energy and has solutions in the form of local minima describing superconductivity, such as vortex solutions. In contrast to this, we prove that this extended GL functional does not represent free energy since it does not have any solutions in the form of minima. Accordingly, it cannot be used to describe superconducting states.
Pion-Photon TDAs in the NJL Model
Creators: name: Courtoy, A.
name: Noguera, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pion-photon Transition Distribution Amplitudes (TDAs) are studied, treating the pion as a bound state in the sense of Bethe-Salpeter, in the formalism of the NJL model. The results obtained explicitly verify support, sum rules and polynomiality conditions. The role of PCAC is highlighted.
description: To appear in the proceedings of International School of Nuclear Physics: 29th Course: Quarks in Hadrons and Nuclei, Erice, Sicily, Italy, 16-24 Sep 2007
GRB 060714: No Clear Dividing Line Between Prompt Emission and X-ray Flares
Creators: name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Granot, J.
name: Marshal, F.
name: Perri, M.
name: Barthelmy, S. D.
name: Burrows, D. N.
name: Gehrels, N.
name: Mészáros, P.
name: Morris, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long gamma-ray burst GRB 060714 was observed to exhibit a series of five X-ray flares beginning ~70 s after the burst trigger T0 and continuing until T0 + ~200 s. The first two flares were detected by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on the Swift satellite, before Swift had slewed to the burst location, while the last three flares were strongly detected by the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) but only weakly detected by the BAT. This burst provides an unusual opportunity to track a complete sequence of flares over a wide energy range. The flares were very similar in their light curve morphology, showing power-law rise and fall components, and in most cases significant sub-structure. The flares also showed strong evolution with time, both spectrally and temporally. The small time scale and large amplitude variability observed are incompatible with an external shock origin for the flares, and support instead late time sporadic activity either of the central source or of localized dissipation events within the outflow. We show that the flares in GRB 060714 cannot be the result of internal shocks in which the contrast in the Lorentz factor of the colliding shells is very small, and that this mechanism faces serious difficulties in most Swift GRBs. The morphological similarity of the flares and the prompt emission and the gradual and continual evolution of the flares with time makes it difficult and arbitrary to draw a dividing line between the prompt emission and the flares.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Additional file 1 of “Evaluation of Silver Diamine Fluoride Modified Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (SMART) on hypomineralized first permanent molar”- a randomized controlled clinical study
Creators: name: Saad, Aya Ehab
name: Alhosainy, Ashraf Yassin
name: Abdellatif, Abeer M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in patients with chronic liver disease from dynamic modular networks
Creators: name: Chen, Yinying
name: Yang, Wei
name: Chen, Qilong
name: Liu, Qiong
name: Liu, Jun
name: Zhang, Yingying
name: Li, Bing
name: Li, Dongfeng
name: Nan, Jingyi
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Wu, Huikun
name: Xiang, Xinghua
name: Peng, Yehui
name: Wang, Jie
name: Su, Shibing
name: Wang, Zhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Topological attributes of disease-associated networks and identified functional modules according to the minimum entropy criterion. Table S2. MCODE results for CHB-associated networks, cirrhosis-associated networks, and HCC-associated networks. Table S3. The number of overlapping pathways among CHB, cirrhosis and HCC in 13 OAMs. Table S4. Relationships between 24 Altered Pathways/overlapping pathways and CHB/cirrhosis/HCC supported by previous literature. Table S5. Highly correlated gene pairs and top 5 important genes in the 13 OAMs. Table S6. The associations between highly correlated genes in 13 OAMs and three diseases. Table S7. The relationships between 15 genes and HCC biomarkers in literature. Table S8. The classification evaluation indexes of candidate genes and gene combinations for HCC identification. Table S9. The 7 most accurate rules and intergroup comparisons of cyp1a2, cyp2c19 and il6. Table S10. Topological parameters of the 15 genes located in the OAMs. Table S11. The top three compounds that affected the three genes (cyp1a2, cyp2c19 and il6).
Gravitational Bremsstrahlung in the Post-Minkowskian Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Mougiakakos, Stavros
name: Riva, Massimiliano Maria
name: Vernizzi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gravitational radiation emitted during the scattering of two spinless bodies in the post-Minkowskian Effective Field Theory approach. We derive the conserved stress-energy tensor linearly coupled to gravity and the classical probability amplitude of graviton emission at leading and next-to-leading order in the Newton's constant $G$. The amplitude can be expressed in compact form as one-dimensional integrals over a Feynman parameter involving Bessel functions. We use it to recover the leading-order radiated angular momentum expression. Upon expanding it in the relative velocity between the two bodies $v$, we compute the total four-momentum radiated into gravitational waves at leading-order in $G$ and up to an order $v^8$, finding agreement with what was recently computed using scattering amplitude methods. Our results also allow us to investigate the zero frequency limit of the emitted energy spectrum.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure
Low-mass dielectrons from the PHENIX experiment at RHIC
Creators: name: Kozlov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of the low-mass dielectrons is considered to be a powerful tool to study the properties of the hot and dense matter created in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We present the preliminary results on the first measurements of the low-mass dielectron continuum in Au+Au collisions and the phi meson production measured in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at sqrt{s_NN} = 200 GeV performed by the PHENIX experiment.
description: 6 pages, 12 figures, conference proceedings for QNP06 (5-10 June, 2006, Madrid)
Pilot for an Interactive Living Network Meta-Analysis web application. Presentation at ESMARConf2021
Creators: name: Nevill, Clareece
name: Xin, Yiqiao
name: Janion Nevill
name: Gray, Ewan
name: Cooper, Nicola
name: Bradbury, Naomi
name: Sutton, Alex
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The Complex Reviews Support Unit in the UK currently host a freely available web application to conduct network meta-analysis (NMA), namely MetaInsight. By using RShiny, MetaInsight has an interactive point-and-click platform and presents visually intuitive results. The application leverages established analysis routines (specifically the ‘netmeta’ and ‘gemtc’ packages in R), whilst requiring no specialist software for the user to install. Through these features, MetaInsight is a powerful tool to support novice NMA users. The current coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic acted as a motivating example to pilot a ‘living’ version of MetaInsight. Subsequently, MetaInsight Covid-19 was developed, a tool for exploration, re-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and interrogation of data from living systematic reviews (LSRs) of COVID-19 treatments over a 5-month pilot period [crsu.shinyapps.io/metainsightcovid]. The functionality within MetaInsight was carried forward and a front page added presenting a summary analysis of the ‘living’ dataset. Data was continuously extracted and updated every week, with the results presented in the app automatically updated. Functionality of MetaInsight Covid-19 will be demonstrated and inner workings explained, the challenges that were faced and overcome will be shared, and the potential for the pilot to be extended to a generic Living MetaInsight for LSRs will be discussed.
Knape, Joachim/Kramer, Olaf/Till, Dietmar (Hg.) (2019): Populisten – rhetorische Profile. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto (DIALOGE). € 14,99 ISBN 978-3-89308-454-8.
Creators: name: Weidacher, Georg
Publisher: name: Journal für Medienlinguistik
Year: 2019

description: Journal für Medienlinguistik, Bd. 2 Nr. 1 (2019)
Parity Violating Non-Gaussianity from Axion-Gauge Field Dynamics
Creators: name: Özsoy, Ogan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study scalar-tensor-tensor and tensor-scalar-scalar three point cross correlations generated by the dynamics of a transiently rolling spectator axion-$\mathrm U(1)$ gauge field model during inflation. In this framework, tensor and scalar fluctuations are sourced by gauge fields at the non-linear level due to gravitational interactions, providing a chiral background of gravitational waves while keeping the level of scalar fluctuations at the observationally viable levels at CMB scales. We show that the gravitational couplings between the observable sector and gauge fields can also mediate strong correlations between scalar and tensor fluctuations, generating an amplitude for the mixed type three-point functions that is parametrically larger -- $f_{\rm NL} \simeq \mathcal{O}(1-10) (r/0.01)^{3/2}$-- compared to the single-field realizations of inflation. As the amplification of the gauge field sources are localized around the time of horizon exit, the resulting mixed bispectra are peaked {\it close} to the equilateral configurations. The shape dependence, along with the scale dependence and the parity violating nature of the mixed bispectra can serve as a distinguishing feature of the underlying axion-gauge field dynamics and suggest a careful investigation of their signatures on the CMB observables including cross correlations between temperature T and E,B polarization modes.
description: 17 pages + appendices, 10 figures, Accepted to PRD, new: more reader friendly section 2, Appendix D.1 to explain the doubly peaked structure of STT correlator, results did not change
Additional file 6 of Illuminating links between cis-regulators and trans-acting variants in the human prefrontal cortex
Creators: name: Liu, Shuang
name: Won, Hyejung
name: Clarke, Declan
name: Matoba, Nana
name: Khullar, Saniya
name: Mu, Yudi
name: Wang, Daifeng
name: Gerstein, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6. Supplementary figures and analysis of PEER factors to mitigate confounding effects of inter-sample cellular heterogeneity.
Magnetohydrodynamic evolution of magnetic skeletons
Creators: name: Haynes, Andrew L.
name: Parnell, Clare E.
name: Galsgaard, Klaus
name: Priest, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The heating of the solar corona is likely to be due to reconnection of the highly complex magnetic field that threads throughout its volume. We have run a numerical experiment of an elementary interaction between the magnetic field of two photospheric sources in an overlying field that represents a fundamental building block of the coronal heating process. The key to explaining where, how and how much energy is released during such an interaction is to calculate the resulting evolution of the magnetic skeleton. A skeleton is essentially the web of magnetic flux surfaces (called separatrix surfaces) that separate the coronal volume into topologically distinct parts. For the first time the skeleton of the magnetic field in a 3D numerical MHD experiment is calculated and carefully analysed, as are the ways in which it bifurcates into different topologies. A change in topology normally changes the number of magnetic reconnection sites. In our experiment, the magnetic field evolves through a total of six distinct topologies. Initially, no magnetic flux joins the two sources. Then a new type of bifurcation, called a global double-separator bifurcation, takes place: this bifurcation is likely to be one of the main ways in which new separators are created in the corona (separators are field lines at which 3D reconnection takes place). This is the first of five bifurcations in which the skeleton becomes progressively more complex before simplifying. Surprisingly, for such a simple initial state, at the peak of complexity there are five separators and eight flux domains present.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
Muon g-2 from Millicharged Hidden Confining Sector
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Lee, Seung J.
name: Son, Minho
name: Ye, Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a novel explanation to the muon $g-2$ excess with new physics contributions at the two-loop level. In this scenario, light millicharged particles are introduced to modify the photon vacuum polarization that contributes to muon $g-2$ at one additional loop. The muon $g-2$ excess can be explained with the millicharged particle mass $m_χ$ around 10 MeV and the product of the multiplicity factor and millicharge squared of $N_χ\varepsilon^2 \sim 10^{-3}$. The minimal model faces severe constraints from direct searches at fixed-target experiments and astrophysical observables. However, if the millicharged particles are also charged under a hidden confining gauge group $SU(N_χ)$ with a confinement scale of MeV, hidden-sector hadrons are unstable and can decay into neutrinos, which makes this scenario consistent with existing constraints. This explanation can be well tested at low-energy lepton colliders such as BESIII and Belle II as well as other proposed fixed-target experiments.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, journal version for JHEP
Additional file 2 of The goat pan-genome reveals patterns of gene loss during domestication
Creators: name: Liu, Jiaxin
name: Shi, Yilong
name: Mo, Dongxin
name: Luo, Lingyun
name: Xu, Songsong
name: Lv, Fenghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Principal component analysis based on novel SNPs for domestic goats and wild relatives.