cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Robust Models are less Over-Confident
Creators: name: Grabinski, Julia
name: Gavrikov, Paul
name: Keuper, Janis
name: Keuper, Margret
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: CNNs
adversarial training (AT)

description: Despite the success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in many academic benchmarks for computer vision tasks, their application in the real-world is still facing fundamental challenges. One of these open problems is the inherent lack of robustness, unveiled by the striking effectiveness of adversarial attacks. Current attack methods are able to manipulate the network’s prediction by adding specific but small amounts of noise to the input. In turn, adversarial training (AT) aims to achieve robustness against such attacks and ideally a better model generalization ability by including adversarial samples in the trainingset. However, an in-depth analysis of the resulting robust models beyond adversarial robustness is still pend ing. In this paper, we empirically analyze a variety of adversarially trained models that achieve high robust accuracies when facing state-of-the-art attacks and we show that AT has an interesting side-effect: it leads to models that are significantly less overconfident with their decisions, even on clean data than non-robust models. Further, our analysis of robust models shows that not only AT but also the model’s building blocks (like activation functions and pooling) have a strong influence on the models’ prediction confidences.
Press Release, Stony Brook Summer Music Festival, May 25, 1956
Creators: name: Stony Brook Music Festival
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1956
Subjects: Music festivals
Open-air theaters
Concert halls
Orchestras
Publicity
Stony Brook

description: A press release announcing the Stony Brook Music Festival's planned 1956 run. Quotes Ward Melville that this event was being undertaken to "benefit the people of Long Island" where the populations is growing rapidly. (Draft in physical archive)
DFT+DMFT study of correlated electronic structure in the monolayer-trilayer phase of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Ouyang, Zhenfeng
name: Wang, Jia-Ming
name: He, Rong-Qiang
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By preforming DFT+DMFT calculations, we systematically investigate the correlated electronic structure in the newly discovered monolayer-trilayer (ML-TL) phase of La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ (1313-La327). Our calculated Fermi surfaces are in good agreement with the result of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We find that 1313-La327 is a multiorbital correlated metal. An orbital-selective Mott behavior is found in ML in our zero- and finite-temperature calculations. The ML Ni-3$d_{z^2}$ orbital exhibits a Mott behavior, while the ML Ni-3$d_{x^2-y^2}$ orbital is metallic due to self-doping. We also find a large static local spin susceptibility of ML Ni, suggesting that there is large spin fluctuation in 1313-La327. The TL Ni-$e_g$ orbitals possess similar electronic correlation to those in La$_4$Ni$_3$O$_{10}$. The $e_g$ orbitals of the outer-layer Ni in TL show non-Fermi liquid behaviors. Besides, large weight of high-spin states are found in TL-outer Ni and ML Ni, implying Hundness. Under 16 GPa, a Lifshitz transition is revealed by our calculations and a La-related band crosses the Fermi level. Our work provides a theoretical reference for studying other potential mixed-stacked nickelate superconductors.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables
Iterative Next Boundary Detection for Instance Segmentation of Tree Rings in Microscopy Images of Shrub Cross Sections
Creators: name: Gillert, Alexander
name: Resente, Giulia
name: Anadon-Rosell, Alba
name: Wilmking, Martin
name: Lukas, Uwe Freiherr Von
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Branche: Bioeconomics and Infrastructure
Research Line: Computer vision (CV)
Research Line: Machine learning (ML)
LTA: Scalable architectures for massive data sets
LTA: Machine intelligence, algorithms, and data structures (incl. semantics)
Environmental monitoring
Environmental problems
Biological processes

description: We address the problem of detecting tree rings in microscopy images of shrub cross sections. This can be regarded as a special case of the instance segmentation task with several unique challenges such as the concentric circular ring shape of the objects and high precision requirements that result in inadequate performance of existing methods. We propose a new iterative method which we term Iterative Next Boundary Detection (INBD). It intuitively models the natural growth direction, starting from the center of the shrub cross section and detecting the next ring boundary in each iteration step. In our experiments, INBD shows superior performance to generic instance segmentation methods and is the only one with a built-in notion of chronological order. Our dataset and source code are available at http://github.com/alexander-g/INBD.
Ecological interactions and genomic innovation fueled the evolution of ray-finned fish endothermy
Creators: name: Melendez-Vazquez, Fernando
name: Lucaci, Alexander
name: Selberg, Avery
name: Clavel, Julien
name: Rincon-Sandoval, Melissa
name: Santaquiteria, Aintzane
name: White, William
name: Drabeck, Danielle
name: Carnevale, Giorgio
name: Duarte-Ribeiro, Emanuell
name: Miya, Masaki
name: Westneat, Mark
name: Baldwin, Carole
name: Hughes, Lily
name: Orti, Guillermo
name: Kosakovsky Pond, Sergei
name: Betancur, Ricardo
name: Arcila, Dahiana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: endothermy
Fish
Cetacea
Animal evolution
Phylogenetics
Genomics

description: Endothermy has independently evolved in several vertebrate lineages but remains rare among fishes. Using an integrated approach combining phylogenomic and ecomorphological data for 1,051 ray-finned fishes, a time-dependent evolutionary model, and comparative genomic analyses of 205 marine vertebrates, we show that ecological interactions with modern cetaceans coincided with the evolution of endothermy in ray-finned fishes during the Eocene–Miocene. This result is supported by evidence of temporal and geographical overlap between cetaceans and endothermic fish lineages in the fossil record, as well as correlations between cetacean diversification and the origin of endothermy in fishes. Phylogenetic comparative analyses identified correlations between endothermy, large body sizes, and specialized swimming modes while challenging diet specialization and depth range expansion hypotheses. Comparative genomic analyses identified several genes under selection in endothermic lineages, including carnmt1 (involved in fatty acid metabolism) and dcaf6 (associated with development). Our findings advance the understanding of how ecological interactions and genomic factors shape key adaptations.
description: Funding provided by: U.S. National Science FoundationROR ID: https://ror.org/021nxhr62Award Number: DEB-2015404
Funding provided by: U.S. National Science FoundationROR ID: https://ror.org/021nxhr62Award Number: DEB-2144325
Funding provided by: U.S. National Science FoundationROR ID: https://ror.org/021nxhr62Award Number: DEB-1541491
Funding provided by: U.S. National Science FoundationROR ID: https://ror.org/021nxhr62Award Number: DEB-2225130
Funding provided by: U.S. National Science FoundationROR ID: https://ror.org/021nxhr62Award Number: DEB-1541552
Where to charge battery-electric trucks in Germany: A GIS-based statistical analysis using real-world truck data
Creators: name: Link, Steffen
name: Auer, Judith
name: Plötz, Patrick
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: electric vehicle
heavy-duty
truck
charging
infrastructure

description: While battery-electric trucks (BET) promise tremendous potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in road freight transport, their deployment necessitates an adequately developed charging infrastructure. Knowing the attractiveness of truck stop locations is crucial to ensure sufficient coverage and worthwhile charger installation and highlight potential demand for future efforts such as grid expansions as early as possible. Thus, this analysis aims to characterize current truck stop locations and derive the most suitable locations for BET charging infrastructure in Germany based on real-world truck data and GIS-based statistical analyses. Our results demonstrate that the attractiveness of any location is driven by multiple concurrent factors rather than one single factor. In addition, we derive three charging infrastructure archetypes that may constitute the backbone of a German charging network: (1) Large and high-traffic industrial areas such as industry hotspots, harbors, and airports; (2) Hosted rest areas or truck stops along the TEN-T network; (3) Industrial areas with designated truck parking areas, including hosting and services.
Power-Enhanced Simultaneous Test of High-Dimensional Mean Vectors and Covariance Matrices with Application to Gene-Set Testing
Creators: name: Yu, Xiufan
name: Li, Danning
name: Xue, Lingzhou
name: Li, Runze
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Power-enhanced tests with high-dimensional data have received growing attention in theoretical and applied statistics in recent years. Existing tests possess their respective high-power regions, and we may lack prior knowledge about the alternatives when testing for a problem of interest in practice. There is a critical need of developing powerful testing procedures against more general alternatives. This article studies the joint test of two-sample mean vectors and covariance matrices for high-dimensional data. We first expand the high-power regions of high-dimensional mean tests or covariance tests to a wider alternative space and then combine their strengths together in the simultaneous test. We develop a new power-enhanced simultaneous test that is powerful to detect differences in either mean vectors or covariance matrices under either sparse or dense alternatives. We prove that the proposed testing procedures align with the power enhancement principles introduced by Fan, Liao, and Yao and achieve the accurate asymptotic size and consistent asymptotic power. We demonstrate the finite-sample performance using simulation studies and a real application to find differentially expressed gene-sets in cancer studies. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Trustworthy Use of Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Cremers, Armin B.
name: Englander, Alex
name: Gabriel, Markus
name: Hecker, Dirk
name: Mock, Michael
name: Poretschkin, Maximilian
name: Rosenzweig, Julia
name: Rostalski, Frauke
name: Sicking, Joachim
name: Volmer, Julia
name: Voosholz, Jan
name: Voß, Angelika
name: Wrobel, Stefan
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2019

description: This publication forms a basis for the interdisciplinary development of a certification system for artificial intelligence. In view of the rapid development of artificial intelligence with disruptive and lasting consequences for the economy, society, and everyday life, it highlights the resulting challenges that can be tackled only through interdisciplinary dialog between IT, law, philosophy, and ethics. As a result of this interdisciplinary exchange, it also defines six AI-specific audit areas for trustworthy use of artificial intelligence. They comprise fairness, transparency, autonomy and control, data protection as well as security and reliability while addressing ethical and legal requirements. The latter are further substantiated with the aim of operationalizability.
Power-enhanced simultaneous test of high-dimensional mean vectors and covariance matrices with application to gene-set testing
Creators: name: Yu, Xiufan
name: Li, Danning
name: Xue, Lingzhou
name: Li, Runze
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Power-enhanced tests with high-dimensional data have received growing attention in theoretical and applied statistics in recent years. Existing tests possess their respective high-power regions, and we may lack prior knowledge about the alternatives when testing for a problem of interest in practice. There is a critical need of developing powerful testing procedures against more general alternatives. This paper studies the joint test of two-sample mean vectors and covariance matrices for high-dimensional data. We first expand the high-power regions of high-dimensional mean tests or covariance tests to a wider alternative space and then combine their strengths together in the simultaneous test. We develop a new power-enhanced simultaneous test that is powerful to detect differences in either mean vectors or covariance matrices under either sparse or dense alternatives. We prove that the proposed testing procedures align with the power enhancement principles introduced by Fan et al. (2015) and achieve the accurate asymptotic size and consistent asymptotic power. We demonstrate the finite-sample performance using simulation studies and a real application to find differentially expressed gene-sets in cancer studies.
Traditional ecological knowledge : barriers and solutions in Canada and British Columbia
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Janelle
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: This paper explores the application and integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in land management in Canada and British Columbia. A description of the increasing awareness of TEK and its meaning provides the context for examining the barriers to implementing TEK. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and co-management arrangements are suggested as two methods to overcome barriers.
Schnellladen in der Stadt 2
Creators: name: Klausmann, Florian
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Schnellladen
Elektromobilität
DC-Laden
Lademanagement
Energiemanagement
Spitzenlast
Ladepark
Ladehub
Simulation
Ladeinfrastruktur
Elektrofahrzeug
Modell

description: Mit dem Markthochlauf der Elektromobilität entsteht ein zunehmender Bedarf an öffentlicher Ladeinfrastruktur, insbesondere auch für Fahrzeuge ohne eigene Lademöglichkeiten zuhause. Eine Möglichkeit zur Bedarfsdeckung stellen urbane Schnellladeparks dar, mit mehreren Hochleistungsschnellladestationen an einem Standort. Auf Basis einer Mobilitätsstudie werden die Bedarfe für diese Ladeparks in Städten und Gemeinden quantitativ und standortspezifisch bestimmt. Die energetischen Voraussetzungen und zukünftigen Belastungen der Ladestandorte werden simulationsbasiert ermittelt. Die Potenziale für Energiemanagementmaßnahmen werden analysiert und Handlungsempfehlungen für den Auf- und Ausbau der Ladeparks werden abgeleitet. Die vorgestellte Methodik ist auf beliebige Standorte übertragbar.
Guide for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting at Logistics Hubs
Creators: name: Dobers, Kerstin
name: Jarmer, Jan-Philipp
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: ISO 14083
decarbonisation
green logistics
sustainable warehousing
GHG emissions
carbon footprint
emission calculation
energy efficiency
logistics site
transhipment

description: Sustainable warehousing and transhipment of goods have achieved increasing attention among academics and practitioners in logistics operations. This trend will be further supported by the new international standard ISO 14083:2023. This provides an aligned framework for the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for logistics chains and replaces the current EN 16258. The ISO’s scope encompasses all transport modes and logistics hubs, the latter playing a connecting role within global logistics chains. This guide provides advice on how to carbon audit logistics hubs with a view to performing logistics chains calculation. Therefore, the guide outlines requirements and options set by the ISO 14083 as well as clarifies new terms and abbreviations used in the ISO document, further detailed with view to logistics hubs and relevant assessment boundaries. It provides guidance on collecting data, definition of hub operation categories (HOCs) as well as calculating GHG emission intensity values, both without and with allocation. Reporting as required by the ISO 14083 is summarised and examples for different tasks within GHG emissions calculation of logistics hubs are given. Additional guidance is given in relation to measuring energy consumption, partitioning electricity use at the level of activity clusters, suppliers’ electricity mixes and on-site generation as well as average greenhouse gas emission intensity values for logistics hubs.
Is there a need for additional safe work practices for work taking place in stands of dead Pine?
Creators: name: Lewynsky, Martin
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: In the interior of British Columbia forest harvesting is taking place in the 16.3 million hectares of lodgepole pine forest affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosa) (MFML, 2008). In this paper I looked into the types and amount of work with associated hazards that are occurring in these stands. Hazards include whole and partial tree failure both of which can occur in any phase of the harvesting process. I then looked at how applicable the current wildlife/danger tree assessment method in stands comprised mainly of dead lodgepole pine. The assessment method was found to not be practical for use in these stands in its traditional form. I also looked at how hazards in these stands change over time. I found that checking and drying in the wood may be an important factor in partial tree failure. From my findings I came up with a few recommendations for forest companies with employees working in dead pine stands. One is a switch to a stand level risk assessment rather than single tree risk assessment for dead pine stands. Second the creation of a wind cut-off speed specific to stands of dead pine.
Folge 33 - Business Intelligence (BI) verstehen und nutzen
Creators: name: Hädicke, Tim
name: Ritter, Eva Wera
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Business Intelligence

description: In dieser Folge erfahren Sie unter anderem: - Was ist Business Intelligence? - Welches Ziel verfolgt Business Intelligence? - Welchen Nutzen schafft Business Intelligence?
title: Financial Intermediaries and the Macroeconomy: Evidence from a High-Frequency Identification
Creators: name: Ottonello, Pablo
name: Song, Wenting
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2022

description: We provide empirical evidence of the causal effects of changes in financial intermediaries’ net
worth on the aggregate economy. Our strategy identifies financial shocks as high-frequency
changes in the market value of intermediaries’ net worth in a narrow window around their
earnings announcements, based on US tick-by-tick data. Using these shocks, we estimate that
news of a 1% decline in intermediaries’ net worth leads to a 0.2% to 0.4% decrease in the market
value of nonfinancial firms. These effects are more pronounced for firms with high default risk
and low liquidity and when the aggregate net worth of intermediaries is low.
Engaging the public with CCUS: Reflection on a European project approach
Creators: name: Dütschke, Elisabeth
name: Alsheimer, Sven
name: Bohn Bertoldo, Raquel
name: Delicado, Ana
name: Duscha, Vicki
name: Germán, Silvia
name: Gonçalves, Lila
name: Kappler, Lena
name: López-Asensio, Sergi
name: Mays, Claire
name: Oltra, Christian
name: Poumadere, Marc
name: Prades, Ana
name: Preuß, Sabine
name: Rowland, Jussara
name: Schmidt, Luisa
name: Veloso, Fernanda M.L.
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: CCUS
Engagement
Public acceptance
Project experience

description: The aim of this paper is to share our approach for a societal engagement and participation process that is implemented as part of two sequential research projects on CCUS. The two projects are both funded under the European Union’s (EU) Horizon 2020 research program. The first one, STRATEGY CCUS (2019-2022), develops strategic development plans for eight regions in South-East Europe; the second, Pilot STRATEGY (2021-2026), partly builds on the first project; Pilot STRATEGY aims at enabling three of the eight regions to start developing their storage resources concretely and to support two further regions in continuing to explore CCUS as an option. Both projects were designed in a way that they integrate geological, technical and economic research with social sciences, with a focus on the regional level. The paper provides an overview on the concept, objectives and the methodologies for the engagement process. It further includes reflections identifying room for improvement and provides recommendations for other projects. Overall, we find that the situation is characterized by low levels of awareness regarding CCUS, but some openness to discuss it. Specific expectations vary and the societal view is not always in line with the current scientific knowledge and the technological development. Important recommendations include building strong interdisciplinary teams that also implement processes for self-reflection.
Designing Usable Interfaces for Human Evaluation of LLM-Generated Texts: UX Challenges and Solutions
Creators: name: Mertsiotaki, Androniki
name: Hofmann, Stephanie
name: Keck, Sarah
name: Kratsch, Emily
name: Daum, Alexander
name: Popp, Birgit
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2025
Subjects: Evaluation
LLM
Large Language Models
NLP
Design
Usability
User Interface
Natural Language Processing
Human

description: Human evaluations remain important for assessing large language models (LLMs) due to the limitations of automated metrics. However, flawed methodologies and poor user interface (UI) design can compromise the validity and reliability of such evaluations. This pre-registered study investigates usability challenges and proposes solutions for UI design in evaluating LLM-generated texts. By comparing common evaluation methods such as Direct Quality Estimation, AB-Testing, Agreement with Quality Criterion, and Best-Worst Scaling, insights were gained into user experience challenges, including inefficient information transfer and poor visibility of evaluation materials. Iterative redesigns improved discoverability, accessibility, and user interaction through modifications of page layout and content presentation. Testing these enhancements revealed increased clarity and usability, with higher response rates and more consistent ratings. This work highlights the importance of UI design in enabling reliable and meaningful human evaluation, providing actionable recommendations to enhance the integrity and usability of NLP evaluation frameworks.
Customary tenure rights, the informal economy and illegal forestry practices in Ghana
Creators: name: Matthies, Brent David
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: The continual adoption of and/or changes to new and existing common laws in Ghana has been at the forefront of many previous tenure reform attempts. However, the result has always fallen short of creating effective and efficient laws and institutions governing this vital economic tool. As a result, inefficient and often corrupt precedents that encourage non-enforcement and disregard for the common laws have prevailed. This review looks at the potential relationship between customary tenure, the informal forestry economy and illegal logging. Analysis suggests that this relationship is one the primary sources of illegal logging in Ghana, and aims to present the problem and offer multiple solutions to addressing it in a holistic manner. The current ‘business as usual’ scenario in Ghana is no longer acceptable, if the objective is to maintain a sustainable forestry industry of native species over the long term. It represents a disregard for the domestic informal industry, the forest fringe communities and community forest governance. Therefore, it is felt that talking about and addressing these, and many other, issues is not only pragmatic, but also essential. This review suggests three solutions to reducing the chronic inefficiency and increasing the tenure effectiveness. They include: the education of forest fringe community members, addressing the variations in customary and common laws and improvement in the enforcement of weak common laws.
Magnetic properties and field-induced phenomena in the Jeff = 1/2 distorted kagome antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Yadav, A.
name: Elghandour, A.
name: Arh, T.
name: Adroja, D. T.
name: Le, M. D.
name: Stenning, G. B. G.
name: Aouane, M.
name: Luther, S.
name: Hotz, F.
name: Hicken, T. J.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Zorko, A.
name: Klingeler, R.
name: Khuntia, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intertwining between competing degrees of freedom, anisotropy, and frustration-induced quantum fluctuations offers an ideal ground to realize exotic quantum phenomena in the rare-earth-based kagome lattice. The magnetic susceptibility reveals the presence of two energy scales in agreement with the INS results. The higher energy state is dominated by CEF excitations, where the lowest Kramers ground-state doublet is well separated from the excited state suggesting that the compound realizes a low-energy state at low temperatures. The second energy scale is witnessed via thermodynamic results that reveal an anomaly at 0.3 K typical of a phase transition, which is attributed to the presence of complex magnetic ordering phenomena. The broad maximum in the specific heat well above 0.3 K indicates the presence of short-range spin correlations that is corroborated by muon spin relaxation rate results. The isothermal magnetization reveals a field-induced 1/3 magnetization plateau at low temperatures. muSR relaxation rate experiments, on the other hand, neither show the signature of a phase transition nor spin-freezing down to 34 mK. The ZF muSR relaxation is governed by the Orbach process and reveals the presence of a fluctuating state owing to the depopulation of crystal field levels reflected as a constant value of relaxation rate in the temperature range 0.4-10 K. NMR results indicate the presence of fluctuating Nd3+ moments down to 1.8 K consistent with muSR experiments. Our comprehensive results reveal that a field-induced quantum critical phenomenon is at play in this frustrated kagome magnet and enable us to construct a phase diagram exemplifying the proximity effect of competing magnetic states. This sets the stage to investigate the broad RE3BWO9 family of rare-earth kagome magnets promising to host exotic quantum states driven by spin-orbit coupling and geometrical frustration.
Digitale Gesundheitsversorgung 2033: Trends, Szenarien und Thesen
Creators: name: Volpert, Annika
name: Hery, Daniela
name: Kraushaar, Judith
name: Elfert, Kilian
name: Schewina, Kai
name: Ahrens, Theresa
name: Moller, Björn
name: Dönitz, Ewa
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital Health
Digitale Gesundheitsversorgung
Foresight
Trends
Szenarien

description: Mit dem Ziel, die maßgeblichen Trends im Bereich »Digital Health« zu erkennen und daraus resultierende Markt- und Forschungsanforderungen abzuleiten, haben das Fraunhofer-Institut für Experimentelles Software Engineering IESE und das Fraunhofer-Institut für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI gemeinsam einen dreistufigen und partizipativen Foresight-Prozess mit externen Expert*innen durchgeführt. Das daraus resultierende Whitepaper soll den gesellschaftlichen Diskurs rund um die Digitalisierung des deutschen Gesundheitswesens fördern, indem es aufzeigt, welche Handlungsspielräume die Digitalisierung heute bereits eröffnet und welche zukünftigen Entwicklungsszenarien denkbar wären. Dabei sollen Akteure im Gesundheitswesen für mögliche Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung sensibilisieret werden. Die Wichtigkeit dieses Themas wird auch hervorgehoben durch die kürzlich veröffentlichte Digitalisierungsstrategie des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit (BMG), welche einen souveränen Umgang mit neuen Technologien und die Schaffung von digitalen Kompetenzen als wesentliche Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Digitalisierung des deutschen Gesundheitswesens identifiziert.
Reliability of Commercial TOPCon PV Modules - An Extensive Comparative Study
Creators: name: Gebhardt, Paul
name: Kräling, Ulli
name: Fokuhl, Esther
name: Hädrich, Ingrid
name: Philipp, Daniel
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024

description: Tunnel oxide passivated contact TOPCon is poised to emerge as the predominant technology in photovoltaic (PV) cells, yet accelerated aging tests point towards significant reliability issues that remain unresolved. This study conducts a comparative analysis of 20 TOPCon PV module types, utilizing a range of electrical characterization and accelerated aging assessments. This investigation provides a detailed evaluation of the electrical performance, resulting in an Energy Rating of the modules, establishing a benchmark for cutting-edge TOPCon technology. While some failure modes, such as LeTID, appear to be non-critical, the findings confirm previously identified degradation pathways in TOPCon modules due to moisture penetration. During UV exposure, a novel degradation pattern was observed during the indoor tests, showing severe losses (up to -12% after 120 kWh/m²), followed by recovery after humidity freeze-testing, which may influence outdoor performance and the outcomes of certification tests (IEC61730-2, Sequence B). The results highlight the areas of need for more targeted testing and technological refinement.
Classification of Coupled-Channel Near-Threshold Structures
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen-Hua
name: Guo, Feng-Kun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since 2003, plenty of resonant structures have been observed in the heavy quarkonium regime. Many of them are close to the thresholds of a few pairs of heavy hadrons. They are candidates of exotic hadrons and have attracted immense attentions. Based on a coupled-channel nonrelativistic effective field theory, we classify the near-threshold structures of a symmetry-related two-channel system by studying the evolution of the scattering amplitude line shapes and pole positions with the variation of the single-channel scattering length and channel coupling strength. We show that the evolution of the scattering amplitude line shapes can be understood from the pole trajectories in the complex energy plane, and the pole evolution can be traced back to the renormalization group fixed points. We provide a dictionary of correspondence between the evolution of line shapes and pole trajectories along with varying interaction and channel coupling strengths, which can be used to understand the experimental observations of the near-threshold structures.
description: 9 pages + 2 pages supplemental material, 2 figures, 2 tables; version to be published in Phys. Lett. B
Anforderungsgerechte Fabrikplanung im Umfeld der Batterieproduktion
Creators: name: Döhrn, Jasper
name: Walter, Hendrik
name: Degen, Florian
name: Vehof, Simon
name: Göke, Matthias
name: Carmincke, Sven
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Fabrikplanung
Batterieproduktion
Litium-Ionen
Elektromobilität
Gigafactory
Batteriefabrik
Framework
Standortsuche
Realisierung
Operational Excellence
Qualität
Kosten
Nachhaltigkeit
Anpassungsfähigkeit
Technologieplanung
Layoutentwicklung
Ramp-up
Technische Sauberkeit
Risikominimierung

description: Speziell für die Batteriezelltechnologie sieht sich die Disziplin der Fabrikplanung und -realisierung mit einer Vielzahl von Herausforderungen konfrontiert, welche aufgrund ihrer hohen Komplexität und Interdependenz die bestehenden Ansätze an ihre Grenzen bringen. Sie sind vor allem durch einen hohen Kosten- und Volumendruck bei eingeschränkter Fachkräfteverfügbarkeit, einen hohen Energiebedarf sowie komplexe Ursache-Wirkzusammenhänge entlang einer Prozesskette mit hoher Sensitivität der qualitätsbestimmenden Produkteigenschaften geprägt. Zusätzlich existiert für die einzelnen Fertigungsschritte eine Vielzahl von Technologiealternativen. Das resultierende Spannungsfeld wird von einem hohen Neuigkeitsgrad bei noch geringen Erfahrungen im europäischen Wirtschaftsraum und einem umfassenden Wettbewerb verstärkt. Ein Lösungsweg besteht in der Erweiterung etablierter Methoden und der direkten Integration wissenschaftlich fundierter Forschungsergebnisse in den Planungszyklus. Dieser Lösungsweg wird von der Firma Metroplan und der Fraunhofer FFB in gemeinsamen Projekten angewendet.
Collaborative development of open-source components for dangerous goods road transportation
Creators: name: Nikelowski, Lukas
name: Brüning, Sebastian
name: Schwarzer, Max
name: Sakry, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Source
Blockchain
Dangerous goods
Design principles
Supply Chain Management

description: The commitment to open source enterprise projects and usage of resulting components promises diverse potentials for various industries. Nonetheless, collaborative development can be challenging for participating organizations, especially in an inter-organizational context. This research paper shares experiences from an open source development project focusing on Blockchain components for dangerous goods road transportation. By means of design principles derived from the gained experiences the paper illustrates circumstances for successful collaboration in open source development projects and how the applicability and added value of respective results can be ensured.
ENERGIE ERKLÄRT - Primärenergiefaktoren
Creators: name: Hirzel, Simon
name: Rohde, Clemens
name: Barkhausen, Robin
name: Durand, Antoine
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: Primärenergiefaktor
Primärenergie
Endenergie
Energieträger
fossile Brennstoffe
erneuerbare Energien
Umwandlungseffizienz

description: Vor dem Hintergrund der begrenzten Verfügbarkeit fossiler Ressourcen war und ist die Primärenergie ein wichtiger Indikator, um die Effizienz eines Energiesystems zu beurteilen. Solange die Energiebereitstellung hauptsächlich auf Energieträgern mit chemisch gebundener Energie beruhte, war diese Betrachtung zumeist unproblematisch. Mit der wachsenden Bedeutung und Vielfalt erneuerbarer Energien stößt das Konzept der Primärenergie jedoch methodisch zunehmend an seine Grenzen. Nur wer sich dessen bewusst ist, kann die unterschiedlichen Nutzungen der Primärenergie als Indikator richtig einordnen. In der Reihe ENERGIE ERKLÄRT des Fraunhofer-Instituts für System- und Innovationsforschung ISI gehen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler komplexen Sachverhalten aus der Praxis der Energieforschung nach und bieten einen anschaulichen und prägnanten Einstieg in die jeweiligen Themen.
Natural Mechanism of Atmospheric Carbon Absorption by River Runoff
Creators: name: A.L. Samsonov,, Alexander
name: Savenco, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Abstract: This study explores the role of continental runoff, particularly in high-latitude river systems, as a significant mechanism for long-term carbon sequestration. The research highlights the unique interplay between water's capacity to dissolve CO2, temperature gradients in northern rivers flowing into colder oceans, and hydrological processes facilitated by taiga and boreal forests. The findings suggest that these river systems facilitate a carbon removal rate of approximately 3.5-2.4 GtC/year, exceeding several prior estimates. This work contributes to a better understanding of global carbon budgets and informs strategies for managing carbon sinks.
description: This article presents estimates of carbon removal via river runoff, emphasizing the interaction between ecosystems and water flows. It discusses the implications of these findings for global carbon budgets and climate models, highlighting the importance of considering continental runoff in northern latitudes.
Supplementary document for Deep learning-enabled volumetric cone photoreceptor segmentation in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography images of normal and diseased eyes - 6129718.pdf
Creators: name: Soltanian-Zadeh, Somayyeh
name: Liu, Zhuolin
name: Liu, Yan
name: Lassoued, Ayoub
name: Cukras, Catherine
name: Miller, Donald
name: Hammer, Daniel
name: Farsiu, Sina
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2025
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Information
Killing the PLM Monolith - the Emergence of cloud-native System Lifecycle Management (SysLM)
Creators: name: Bleisinger, Oliver
name: Psota, Thomas
name: Masior, Jonathan
name: Pfenning, Michael
name: Roth, Arnold
name: Reichwein, Axel
name: Hooshmand, Yousef
name: Muggeo, Christian
name: Hutsch, Marc
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022
Subjects: MBSE
PLM
Microservices
Linked Data
Digital Thread
Monolith
Cloud-native
Low Code Platform
Engineering 4.0
Industrie 4.0
Industry 4.0
DevOps
SaaS
Semantic Web
Production Level 4

description: The rapid increase of complexity in modern products introduces numerous challenges for manufac-turing companies around the globe. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is seen as the best choice to handle this huge increase in complexity and as one cornerstone to realize the so called Digital Thread. In many industries MBSE constitutes an additional engineering discipline that needs to be established in organizations and that comes with sophisticated digital models which have not been used before. In fact, it also needs to be accompanied with the right set of tools, processes and methods – and with the right open, scalable and flexible IT-architecture to make it reality. On the one side MBSE needs mature Lifecycle and Configuration Management – on the other hand it must live within an open IT-environment satisfying the need to have the right set of engineering data always just a click away. This paper shows why legacy monolithic PLM tools cannot support the introduction of MBSE and are currently preventing the implementation of the Digital Thread vision. Instead, it postulates a modern cloud-native Web architecture based on Microservices and Linked Data that allows compa-nies to introduce MBSE on the large scale and helps to avoid the establishment of just yet another silo. Only with Linked Data and a modern open Web architecture MBSE can unfold its full potential and is able to find its way into the daily work of engineers.
Die nächste Generation der medizinischen KI-Assistenz. "Healthcare Agents" im Einsatz
Creators: name: Mackay, Sina
name: Ebert, Julia
name: Schellinger, Alexander
name: Antweiler, Dario
name: Rüping, Stefan
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2025

description: Demografischer Wandel, steigende Kosten und akuter Fachkräftemangel stellen das Gesundheitswesen und insbesondere die Patientenversorgung vor erhebliche Herausforderungen. In diesem Kontext wird der Einsatz von KI-Agenten als vielversprechende Lösung diskutiert. Diese intelligenten Systeme gehen über die Funktionen klassischer Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) hinaus, indem sie proaktive Entscheidungen treffen und in Echtzeit auf komplexe Situationen reagieren können. KI-Agenten verbinden verschiedene Technologien zur Optimierung medizinischer und administrativer Prozesse miteinander, was zu einer verbesserten Effizienz und Qualität der Patientenversorgung führt. Die Anwendung von KI im Gesundheitswesen erfordert jedoch eine sorgfältige Planung, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Datenschutz und Informationssicherheit. Benutzerfreundliche Schnittstellen und die Förderung der digitalen Bildung sind entscheidend für die Akzeptanz bei Anwenderinnen und Anwendern dieser Systeme. Um die Herausforderungen der modernen Patientenversorgung erfolgreich zu meistern, sollten sich technische Entwicklungen künftig auf die Integration umfassender Agentensysteme konzentrieren, die verschiedene KI-Technologien verwenden. So kann eine proaktive Versorgung ermöglicht werden. Dabei ist eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Fachleuten und die iterative Entwicklung von Lösungen unerlässlich. In diesem Whitepaper erläutern wir die Unterschiede zwischen KI-Agenten und großen KI-Sprachmodellen (engl.: Large Language Models, LLMs), zeigen praxisnahe Anwendungsbeispiele und diskutieren potenzielle Risiken, um eine fundierte Wissensgrundlage für den erfolgreichen Einsatz dieser Technologien im Gesundheitswesen zu schaffen.
Understanding and finding solutions to the state of the NSR lands in British Columbia
Creators: name: Harper-Heir, Benjamin Peter
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: With the mountain pine beetle infestation beginning to wind down, attempting to quantify the amount of Non-Sufficiently-Restocked (NSR) land is one that has caused arguments with different estimates ranging from as high as 9.1 million hectares to as low as 240 thousand hectares. An analysis of this problem has concluded that there is not enough evidence, due to a lack of government surveys, to come up with a definitive number. This lack of evidence has lead to an unclear, and poorly carried out reforestation program, resulting in the lowest rates of planted seedlings in 20 years. This decline will severely hamper the long term growing volume in the provinces forest and is one which needs to be dealt with quickly. A province-wide inventory of all mountain pine beetle and other NSR must be carried out with funding from all levels of government and perhaps with the help of carbon credit revenue. Once this analysis has been completed a pointed silviculture strategy must drawn up, using criteria such as feasible access, site-index, cost, understory success, fertilization potential and hydrology concerns to create a realistic, provincial, management plan. Once this plan is created, further sources of revenue can be pursued with the ability to demonstrate that the problem is understood and that the money will be put to a targeted use with a reachable outcome. With the forest sector beginning to turn around and create revenue for the province once again, it is reasonable to expect that province would attempt to put some of this money back into managing this valuable resource.
UNA OFRENDA DE SALUD: THE NECROPOLITICS OF SUSPICION EXPERIENCED BY LATINX COMMUNITIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Creators: name: Pelayo, Carlos B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: necropolitics
health campaign
vaccine hesitancy
Latinx
LatCrit
COVID-19

description: This study addresses an obstacle to stagnant vaccination rates in the Latina/o/x community: vaccine hesitancy. Frameworks of hesitancy mystify the racialized and gendered histories that inform the skepticism that racialized communities hold against governmental powers. Instead, this study understands hesitancy as suspicion, which, by contrast, enables an investigation of the affective economies, socio-political formations, and histories of oppression that inform community skepticism. An analysis of two health campaigns, VaccinateLA and ¡Ándale! ¿Qué Esperas?, reveals a series of emergent tactics that are used to address suspicion. The two theoretical frameworks of Necropolitics, which is an extension of Biopolitics/Biopower, and “LatCrit” theory are used to analyze these emergent tactics. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the ways that death and resistance are structured in a pandemic that views the racialized subject as disposable.
Additional file 1 of All-cause mortality and hospital admissions for nursing home residents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a Norwegian register-based cohort study
Creators: name: Øien, Henning
name: Gjesvik, Jonas
name: Skyrud, Katrine Damgaard
name: Rotevatn, Torill Alise
name: Grøsland, Mari
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. “Classification of SARS-CoV-2 Community Transmission in Norway. This map illustrates the levels of community transmission across municipalities, categorized as low, medium, and high.” Supplementary Fig. 2. “Crude monthly percentages of cause-specific hospitalizations among nursing home residents.” Supplementary Fig. 3. “Kaplan–Meier Survival Curves for Pre-Pandemic and Pandemic Cohorts” Supplementary Fig. 4. “Crude monthly percentages of mortality and health care utilization among nursing home residents in areas with low, middle and high community transmissions.” Supplementary Table 1. “The impact of the pandemic on mortality and health care utilization among nursing home residents in areas with low, medium, and high community transmission, by season.”
FutureHotel – das Hotel Service Ökosystem als Chancenraum für das Hotel der Zukunft
Creators: name: Borkmann, Vanessa
name: Gaulinger, Ronja
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: FutureHotel Innovationsnetzwerk
Hotel Service Ecosystem
Hotellerie
Gastgewerbe
Community Building
Ecosystem Mapping
Nachhaltigkeit
Nachhaltige Geschäftsmodelle
Vernetzte Dienstleistungen
Stakeholder Integration
Wertschöpfung
Zusammenarbeit

description: Das Whitepaper FutureHotel - Das Hotel Service Ökosystem als Chance für das Hotel der Zukunft beschreibt das Modell und untersucht das Potenzial des Hotel-Ökosystems als neuen Ansatz zur Schaffung von erweiterter Wertschöpfung im Hotelgewerbe. Es werden die Anforderungen verschiedener Nutzergruppen, wie z.B. Hotelgäste, Mitarbeiter und lokale Gemeinschaften, und deren Beiträge zu einem erfolgreichen Hotelbetrieb analysiert. Durch die lokale und digitale Vernetzung unterschiedlicher Akteure entsteht auf Grundlage des Models ein resilientes, nachhaltiges und innovatives Hotel-Ökosystem. Diese Forschungsarbeit aus dem FutureHotel Innovation Network bietet praxisnahe Empfehlungen zur Gestaltung zukunftsfähiger Hotelnetzwerke und zeigt konkrete Beispiele erfolgreicher Ökosystem-Dienstleistungen.