cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Price Policies, Policy Goals and Methods of Estimating Costs of Production
Creators: name: Skold, Melvin D.
name: Skold, Melvin D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Raising agricultural price policies on costs of production is commonly applied. although with reservations by agricultural economists. Agricultural economists' concerns are centered on the problems with assigning values to the contributions of durable inputs and to the value of those inputs supplied by the farm operator and the operators' household. Some of these expressed reservations of agricultural economists can be reduced if focus is placed on the policy goal to be achieved in developing the production cost estimate. The policy goal affects the selection of the population on which the cost estimates are made and the items of cost to be included in the cost estimate. Policies designed to provide incentives to producers must be targeted toward the costs of those producers supplying the major portions of output for the commodities in questions. Thus, the costs of an often relatively small number of large producers become heavily weighted. However, policies to sustain the income of selected groups of farmers must be based on the costs of production experienced by a large number of small farmers. Costs estimates should distinguish between financial costs and economic costs. Structural differences occur in the cost structure among farmers. In setting prices, major attention should be given to the annual and capital replacement financial costs. Price policies cannot be directed to meet a specifically targeted economic cost.
title: Hydrogen as a potential renewable and secure energy supply
Creators: name: Lozano Luna, Marcela Jimena
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Hydrogen Economy
subject: Renewables
subject: Energy Security
subject: Hydrogen Economy
subject: Renewables
subject: Energy Security

description: The concern for energy security dates from early ages, from as something as simple to the implementation of fire to produce heat, to nowadays, as the most complex prototypes of plasma producing technologies, as an endless source of energy. However, the assurance of energy has also made many cultures see it not only as a source to cover basic human needs, but also as a symbol of progress, stability and influence. Country development relies heavily on its energy supply. Energy can both power war and peace. As an example, in the eve of World War I, as Daniel Yergin mentions in his paper Ensuring Energy Security, energy security was crucial not only for creating weapons but most importantly for creating transport, such as cars, trains, aeroplanes and ships. In times of peace, energy becomes crucial where you need to pump the industry steadily without interference. The stable flux of energy can sustain dense operations for developed countries. Another author, Löschel, defines in his article that Energy Security as the production, distribution and the final demand is critical in the development of a country. Now more than ever we must ensure energy efficiency. There are a lot of technologies environmentally friendly and renewable, but we need to focus on the security to supply it. Unfortunately, renewables are far less secure, as most of them only produce very intense energy for a small amount of time or they are far away from where it is needed. Renewables at this stage-point are more costly to bring them into the grid than oil/coal technology. Between several renewable energies, there is one that sounds to be consistent with promoting energy security and clean energy: hydrogen. Hydrogen is readily available, convenient to transform from different primary energy sources and has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight. Some of their downsides are not cost-effective to store, volatile and metal embrittlement inducer. Nevertheless, this should not push this energy storage element aside. Gasoline, diesel and natural gas are also flammable and require chord storage units with other element inducers characteristics. These hydrocarbon fuels also have their particular expenses, damages and wear and tear characteristics that have been corrected due to a massive infrastructure implemented. The most pressing issue in the world today is to change the idea on the mind of consumers and stakeholders on the high cost and low efficiency of hydrogen and the great potential to back sustainable energy and the economy of countries through the already implemented infrastructure. What we need at this point is policy that can make hydrogen economy an easier stage to follow into the energy producing market.
Exact local correlations in kicked chains at light cone edges
Creators: name: Gutkin, Boris
name: Braun, Petr
name: Akila, Maram
name: Waltner, Daniel
name: Guhr, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that local correlators in a wide class of kicked chains can be calculated exactly at light cone edges. Extending previous works on dual-unitary systems, the correlators between local operators are expressed through the expectation values of transfer matrices $T$ with small dimensions. Contrary to the previous studies, our results are not restricted to dual-unitary systems with spatial-temporal symmetry of the dynamics. They hold for a generic case without fine tuning of model parameters. The results are exemplified on the kicked Ising spin chain model, where we provide an explicit formula for two-point correlators near light cone edges beyond the dual-unitary regime.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2001.01298
Disentangled Adversarial Autoencoder for Subject-Invariant Physiological Feature Extraction
Creators: name: Han, Mo
name: Ozdenizci, Ozan
name: Wang, Ye
name: Koike-Akino, Toshiaki
name: Erdogmus, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Recent developments in biosignal processing have enabled users to exploit their physiological status for manipulating devices in a reliable and safe manner. One major challenge of physiological sensing lies in the variability of biosignals across different users and tasks. To address this issue, we propose an adversarial feature extractor for transfer learning to exploit disentangled universal representations. We consider the trade-off between task-relevant features and user-discriminative information by introducing additional adversary and nuisance networks in order to manipulate the latent representations such that the learned feature extractor is applicable to unknown users and various tasks. Results on cross-subject transfer evaluations exhibit the benefits of the proposed framework, with up to 8.8% improvement in average accuracy of classification, and demonstrate adaptability to a broader range of subjects.
description: Accepted for publication by IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Non-Markovian Particle Dynamics in Continuously Controlled Quantum Gases
Creators: name: Ivanov, D.
name: Wallentowitz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a quantum gas, being subject to continuous feedback of a macroscopic observable, the single-particle dynamics is studied. Albeit feedback-induced particle correlations, it is shown that analytic solutions are obtained by formally extending the single-particle Hilbert space by an auxiliary degree of freedom. The particle's motion is then fed by colored noise, which effectively maps quantum-statistical correlations onto the single particle. Thus, the single particle in the continuously controlled gas follows a non-Markovian trajectory in phase-space.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Warped accretion disks and the unification of Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Nayakshin, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orientation of parsec-scale accretion disks in AGN is likely to be nearly random for different black hole feeding episodes. Since AGN accretion disks are unstable to self-gravity on parsec scales, star formation in these disks will create young stellar disks, similar to those recently discovered in our Galactic Center. The disks blend into the quasi-spherical star cluster enveloping the AGN on time scales much longer than a likely AGN lifetime. Therefore, the gravitational potential within the radius of the black hole influence is at best axi-symmetric rather than spherically symmetric. Here we show that as a result, a newly formed accretion disk will be warped. For the simplest case of a potential resulting from a thin stellar ring, we calculate the disk precession rates, and the time dependent shape. We find that, for a realistic parameter range, the disk becomes strongly warped in few hundred orbital times. We suggest that this, and possibly other mechanisms of accretion disk warping, have a direct relevance to the problem of AGN obscuration, masing warped accretion disks, narrow Fe K-alpha lines, etc.
description: 6 pages and 2 figures; submitted to MNRAS
Supplementary text from Shaping birth: variation in the birth canal and the importance of inclusive obstetric care
Creators: name: Betti, Lia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Terminology and the changing focus of research on human diversity
Additional file 1 of Genomes of the dinoflagellate Polarella glacialis encode tandemly repeated single-exon genes with adaptive functions
Creators: name: Stephens, Timothy G.
name: González-Pech, Raúl A.
name: Yuanyuan Cheng
name: Mohamed, Amin R.
name: Burt, David W.
name: Debashish Bhattacharya
name: Ragan, Mark A.
name: Chan, Cheong Xin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Note.
Chiral torsional effect with finite temperature, density and curvature
Creators: name: Imaki, Shota
name: Qiu, Zebin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We scrutinize the novel chiral transport phenomenon driven by spacetime torsion, namely the chiral torsional effect (CTE). We calculate the torsion-induced chiral currents with finite temperature, density and curvature in the most general torsional gravity theory. The conclusion complements the previous study on the CTE by including curvature and substantiates the relation between the CTE and the Nieh-Yan anomaly. We also analyze the response of chiral torsional current to an external electromagnetic field. The resulting topological current is analogous to that in the axion electrodynamics.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Rethinking tank rehabilitation: issues in restoring old tanks to their original state in irrigation structure
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Tank irrigation
subject: Rehabilitation

description: Approaching the rehabilitation of the 50-100 year-old irrigation tanks—spread across Rajasthan, South Bihar, Madya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and other South Asian locations such as Sri Lanka—solely from an irrigation perspective, runs the risk of depriving communities of valuable socio-ecological services and functions that these structures provide today. These tanks may have become ‘inefficient’ in their original function of providing flow irrigation, but as they have degraded over time, they have evolved into valuable systems that support people’s livelihoods in a number of ways. In addition to storing water for crop irrigation, tanks provide services such as recharge of groundwater used by adjacent communities, fertile silted soil that allows cultivation of additional crops, fishing and aquaculture, water for raising livestock, and sand and soil used by small industries.
The socio-ecology of groundwater in India
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Groundwater irrigation
subject: Groundwater development

description: Many people still believe that India’s irrigation water mainly comes from canal irrigation systems. While this may have been true in the past, recent research shows that groundwater irrigation has overtaken surface-water irrigation as the main supplier of water for India’s crops. Groundwater now sustains almost 60% of the country’s irrigated area. Even more importantly, groundwater now contributes more to agricultural wealth creation than any other irrigation source (see Fig. 1). groundwater use has increased largely because it is a democratic resource,’ available to any farmer who has access to a pump. Accessibility has led to widespread exploitation of the resource, by farmers grateful for a reliable irrigation-water source. In turn, this has led to high levels of groundwater use being associated with high population density. But it is a myth that groundwater use is high only where supplies are high. Such findings are worrying, because the consequences of overexploitation of this precious and productive resource can be catastrophic. The research highlighted in this briefing identifies four stages of groundwater development. To avert potential disaster and maximize benefits of groundwater as a force for poverty reduction, new policies are needed at each of these four stages. It is crucial that policymakers intervene at these critical stages to manage both the supply and demand aspects of groundwater use. Urgent priorities are areas with low supplies of renewable groundwater but alarmingly high groundwater use, such as Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, Punjab and Haryana.
title: Relating Ettringite Formation and Rheological Changes during the Initial Cement Hydration: A Comparative Study Applying XRD Analysis, Rheological Measurements and Modeling
Creators: name: Jakob, Cordula
name: Jansen, Daniel
name: Ukrainczyk, Neven
name: Koenders, Eddie
name: Pott, Ursula
name: Stephan, Dietmar
name: Neubauer, Jürgen
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: In order to gain a deeper understanding of the rheological development of hydrating ordinary Portland cement (OPC) pastes at initial state, and to better understand their underlying processes, quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and rheological measurements were conducted and their results combined. The time-dependent relation between phase development and flow behavior of cement paste was investigated at two different temperatures (20 and 30 °C), over a period of two hours. Regarding the phase development during hydration, ettringite precipitation was identified as the dominant reaction in the first two hours. For both temperatures, the increasing ettringite content turned out to correlate very well with the loss of workability of the reacting cement paste. An exponential relationship between ettringite growth and flow behavior was observed that could be explained by applying the Krieger-Dougherty equation, which describes the influence of solid fraction on the viscosity of a suspension.
Photoconductivite et photoemission de diamant(s) sous irradiation XUV femtoseconde
Creators: name: Petite, Guillaume
name: Gaudin, Jerome
name: Geoffroy, Ghita
name: Guizard, Stephane
name: Esnouf, Stephane
name: Olevano, Valerio
name: Klimentov, Serguei M.
name: Pivovarov, Pavel A.
name: Garnov, Serguei V.
name: Carre, Bertrand
name: Martin, Patrick
name: Belsky, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a study of the photoconductivity (PC) induced in different types of diamonds (type IIa single crystals and CVD) by femtosecond XUV pulses (high order harmonics - up to 19th - of a titanium doped laser). We also reprot UPS spectras obtained with harmonics 13 to 29. Depending on the harmonic's order, the PC signal first increases (orders 9 to 13) and then decreases. If the increase is easily interpreted as resulting from a carrier multiplication process, the further decrease has not yet received an explanation. The UPS measurements also suggest a strong effect of the plasmon relaxation on the carrier multiplication process. Finally, we performed a preliminary GW ab-initio calculation of the carriers lifetime, acounting for electron-electron interactions. In the near-bandgap region, it behaves approximatively according to the Fermi-liquid model, from which it strongly departs at higher energies, which is attributed to band-structure effects and to plasmon excitations.
description: Proceedings "UVX 2004", St Etienne, 7-11 juin 2004
Power corrections to B\to X_u l ν(X_sγ) decay spectra in the "shape-function" region
Creators: name: Beneke, M.
name: Campanario, F.
name: Mannel, T.
name: Pecjak, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), we examine the 1/m_b corrections to the factorization formulas for inclusive semi-leptonic B decays in the endpoint region, where the hadronic final state consists of a single jet. At tree level, we find a new contribution from four-quark operators that was previously assumed absent. Beyond tree level many sub-leading shape-functions are needed to correctly describe the decay process.
description: 34 pages, v2: journal version
Population synthesis in astrophysics
Creators: name: Popov, S. B.
name: Prokhorov, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly describe different astrophysical applications of a population synthesis method. In some details we discuss the population synthesis of close binary systems and of isolated neutron stars.
description: 30 pages, no figures, to appear in proceedings of the Helmholtz International Summer School and Workshop on Hot points in Astrophysics and Cosmology
Additional file 1 of Implementing a layperson post-crash first aid training programme in Tanzania: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives
Creators: name: Menti L. Ndile
name: Britt-Inger Saveman
name: Outwater, Anne H.
name: Dickson A. Mkoka
name: Backteman-Erlanson, Susann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Interview guide.
Black Hole Entropy and Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Khodabakhshi, H.
name: Shirzad, A.
name: Shojai, F.
name: Mann, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that in order to make the action well defined, one may employ different kinds of boundary conditions (BCs) accompanied by the appropriate Gibbons-Hawking-York (GHY) terms. In this paper we investigate the role of the selected BC and the corresponding GHY terms on the black hole (BH) entropy. Our result shows, regardless of the kind of BC, the BH entropy in all cases is the same as one obtained under Dirichlet BC from Wald formula or semi-classical approximation method. We considered the Schwarzschild solution for $f(R)$-gravity and general relativity (GR) in standard dimensions as special models.
description: 22 pages, To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Common connections : public realm as resource in a Vermont village
Creators: name: Tebbs, Claire Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In rural Vermont, public, outdoor spaces are an increasingly precious commodity to local communities and visitors alike. As the threat of urbanization spreads into Vermont, municipalities and residents must make careful land use and development decisions in order to preserve and/or incorporate such spaces into the local and regional setting. Throughout time, the social and political idea of public access for the greater good, has been defined as the Commons. The physical manifestation of this concept has also been called the Commons and has been reflected in the landscape in a variety of forms in both rural and urban environments. By melding Vermont's traditional form and value of the Village Common as civic center to the contemporary translation of the Commons as our shared access to cultural and natural heritage, Vermont village character and local community resources can be maximized and celebrated.
title: Integrating climate change into a conceptual framework for river basin management by the example of the Rhône river basin
Creators: name: Kostal, Julia Christina
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: River basin management
subject: Water Framework Directive
subject: Driver Pressure State Impact Response model (DPSIR model)
subject: Climate change
subject: River basin management
subject: Water Framework Directive
subject: Driver Pressure State Impact Response model (DPSIR model)

description: With the adoption of the European Water Framework Directive in 2000 European Member States have set ambitious goals for River Basin Management (RBM) to be reached in 2027. However, European rivers, indispensable for human life and irreplaceable hubs for freshwater ecosystems, are strongly impacted by existing anthropogenic pressures and highly sensitive to alterations of the hydrologic cycle induced by climate change. As, with global warming and human water use, multiple stressors impact water quantity and water quality, conserving and restoring good ecological and chemical status of rivers particularly in climate-sensitive regions such as the Rhône River Basin, has become a herculean task for water management. By modifying the conceptual model “Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response” (DPSIR), this thesis aims to show how climate change directly influences anthropogenic activities and natural conditions, thereby producing consequences for human water use and the ecological and chemical status of surface water bodies. Previous modifications of the DPSIR framework and policy responses towards integrating climate change into RBM guide the development of the “Driver-Pressure- State-Impact-Response-Climate Change” (DPSIR-CC) model. By the example of water management in the Durance catchment, a sub-catchment of the Rhône River Basin, the case study illustrates how climate projections and hydrologic models could inform water quality management. A qualitative to semi-quantitative analysis allows assessing how changes in the water environment could affect hydropower production and how ecological and chemical status of the Durance River could be impacted. Results obtained within the case study show that the model is suitable for water quality monitoring, since it allows analysing the interrelation between various causes which trigger changes in the environment. The case study, however, revealed a lack of consistent terminology, a weakness, which results from adopting the precursor model without establishing a novel definition for each component. Furthermore, it was found that additional research on climate change impacts on rivers and streams is needed in order to build a thorough understanding of emerging challenges for River Basin Management. Finally, this thesis has developed a structure, which allows water management tackling the herculean task of integrating climate change into a conceptual framework for water quality monitoring
Additional file 2 of The features of polyglutamine regions depend on their evolutionary stability
Creators: name: Mier, Pablo
name: Andrade-Navarro, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2 : Supplementary File 2. Dataset information for the used species. List of the 60 species used in the study, including the dataset name and number of proteins and CDS downloaded from Ensembl.
title: Air quality in the context of the sustainable development goals
Creators: name: Rodriguez Martinez, Idalia Esmeralda
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Air quality
subject: air pollution
subject: Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs)
subject: spillover effects
subject: pollution embodied in trade
subject: sulfur dioxide
subject: particulate matter
subject: Air quality
subject: air pollution
subject: Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs)
subject: spillover effects
subject: pollution embodied in trade
subject: sulfur dioxide
subject: particulate matter

description: Air pollution problems arose in the last decades of the eighteenth century given the use of coal and fossil fuels that resulted from the increasing energy demand. Since energy demand has not decreased, on the contrary, these problems have persisted until our days and have become a crisis of global dimensions; the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates and states in its website that 4.2 million deaths every year are attributable to exposure to ambient (outdoor) air pollution. This topic was recognized to have a significant impact on the development of countries and was included as part of several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The introduction of international environmental spillover effects as indicators of the SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2017 highlights the fact that not only producers are responsible from emissions that generate air pollution but that consumers also are, and that high amounts of emission are actually embodied in trade. It also states that high-income countries tend to be the ones that import most emissions and generate the more negative spillover effects. This thesis pays particular attention to indicators regarding SO2 emissions and PM2.5, as they are related to severe health effects and environmental degradation. Through the analysis of such indicators this thesis compares the performances of countries in regards to production-based and consumption-based emissions, in addition to that on concentrations of PM2.5. This study also seeks to analyze the relation of those indicators with the indicator “death rate attributable to household and ambient air pollution” that is comprised in SDG 3 Good Health and well-being. Moreover, this work discusses the cases of Norway and China concerning production-based and consumption-based emissions, since they represent very well the situation of intensive importing countries that may not suffer from air pollution problems and intensive exporting countries facing severe air pollution problems; furthermore, their performances in regards to production and consumption of emissions are extreme. Finally, this study concludes by presenting the concept of Circular Economy as a solution to reduce emissions both from production and consumption processes.
Hadron Spectroscopy (theory): Diquarks, Tetraquarks, Pentaquarks and no quarks
Creators: name: Close, F. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: States beyond those expected in the simple constituent quark model are now emerging. I focus on the scalar glueball and its mixing with states in the $q\bar{q}$ nonet, and also on correlations in Strong QCD that may form diquarks and seed $qq\bar{q}\bar{q}$ states. Some models of the pentaquark candidate $Θ(1540)$ are critically discussed.
description: Plenary talk at ICHEP04
Atomic gallium laser spectroscopy with violet/blue diode lasers
Creators: name: Marago', O. M.
name: Fazio, B.
name: Gucciardi, P. G.
name: Arimondo, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the operation of two GaN-based diode lasers for the laser spectroscopy of gallium at 403 nm and 417 nm. Their use in an external cavity configuration enabled the investigation of absorption spectroscopy in a gallium hollow cathode. We have analyzed the Doppler broadened profiles accounting for hyperfine and isotope structure and extracting both the temperature and densities of the neutral atomic sample produced in the glow discharge. We have also built a setup to produce a thermal atomic beam of gallium. Using the GaN-based diode lasers we have studied the laser induced fluorescence and hyperfine resolved spectra of gallium.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
MTBRN: Multiplex Target-Behavior Relation Enhanced Network for Click-Through Rate Prediction
Creators: name: Feng, Yufei
name: Lv, Fuyu
name: Hu, Binbin
name: Sun, Fei
name: Kuang, Kun
name: Liu, Yang
name: Liu, Qingwen
name: Ou, Wenwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is a critical task for many industrial systems, such as display advertising and recommender systems. Recently, modeling user behavior sequences attracts much attention and shows great improvements in the CTR field. Existing works mainly exploit attention mechanism based on embedding product when considering relations between user behaviors and target item. However, this methodology lacks of concrete semantics and overlooks the underlying reasons driving a user to click on a target item. In this paper, we propose a new framework named Multiplex Target-Behavior Relation enhanced Network (MTBRN) to leverage multiplex relations between user behaviors and target item to enhance CTR prediction. Multiplex relations consist of meaningful semantics, which can bring a better understanding on users' interests from different perspectives. To explore and model multiplex relations, we propose to incorporate various graphs (e.g., knowledge graph and item-item similarity graph) to construct multiple relational paths between user behaviors and target item. Then Bi-LSTM is applied to encode each path in the path extractor layer. A path fusion network and a path activation network are devised to adaptively aggregate and finally learn the representation of all paths for CTR prediction. Extensive offline and online experiments clearly verify the effectiveness of our framework.
description: Accepted by CIKM2020
Generalization of the BLM procedure and its scales in any order of pQCD
Creators: name: Mikhailov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Brodsky--Lepage--Mackenzie procedure is sequentially and unambiguously extended to any fixed order of perturbative QCD beyond the so called ``large--β_0 approximation''. As a result of this procedure, the obtained perturbation series looks like a continued-fraction representation. A subsequent generalization of this procedure is developed, in order to optimize the convergence of the final series, along the lines of the Fastest Convergence Prescription. This generalized BLM procedure is applied to the Adler D function and also to R_{e^+e^-} in QCD at N$^3$LO. A further extension of the sequential BLM is presented which makes use of additional parameters to optimize the convergence of the power-series at any fixed order of expansion.
description: 24 pages, JHEP3, 4 figures are enclosed as eps-file, final version to be published in JHEP
title: Energy independence through renewable energies - Hawaii's challenge to become a clean energy leader
Creators: name: Pölzl, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Renewable Energy
subject: Energy independence
subject: energy security
subject: Hawaii
subject: United States
subject: renewable portfolio standard
subject: energy strategy
subject: Renewable Energy
subject: Energy independence
subject: energy security
subject: Hawaii
subject: United States
subject: renewable portfolio standard
subject: energy strategy

description: The state of Hawaii is among the most remote places of the world. With a rich abundance of the natural resources they need in order to produce electricity without burning fossil fuels, they are highly dependent on petrol imports from the main land of the United States of America. Contradictorily enough, this also leads to outstandingly high energy prices even though Hawaii has a very low energy use compared to U.S. average energy consumption. This master thesis examines why it is of such importance for the Island State to become energy independent. Whilst doing so, the thesis examines the main implemented renewable energy technologies harvesting solar and wind energy. Furthermore, the measures taken to increase energy efficiency are described. Using landmarking cases and events the thesis estimated the further potential of the technologies investigated. Throughout this detailed investigation of Hawaiis situation, main challenges are identified, and recommendations to further push their goal of becoming independent from oil imports, are given. The thesis concludes that the island state has had a great start departing towards 100% renewable electricity production, coming with the benefits of international attention and the opportunity to become a green energy role model. In order to achieve their goal until 2045 policy makers, the research community, social advocates, and important influencers do not only have to keep up their good work but also still need to increase their effort. The need of a common strategy and raising awareness is evident.
Casimir Energy for a Wedge with Three Surfaces and for a Pyramidal Cavity
Creators: name: Ahmedov, H.
name: Duru, I. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Casimir energy calculations for the conformally coupled massless scalar field for a wedge defined by three intersecting planes and for a pyramid with four triangular surfaces are presented. The group generated by reflections are employed in the formulation of the required Green functions and the wave functions.
description: Latex, 9 pages
Bilateralism in Agriculture when Countries use Distorting Domestic Policies
Creators: name: May, Daniel E.
name: May, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Bilateral Agreements
subject: Agricultural Trade Liberalization
subject: Distorting Domestic Policies
subject: International Trade Networks.

description: A recent theoretical research proved that countries always have an incentive to deviate from global free trade when international markets are oligopolistic and when governments are politically biased. This result suggests that global free trade in agriculture (GFTA) cannot be reached as political bias and market power have both been identified. According to May (2011), bilateral agreements could eventually be used as alternative political tools to reach GFTA. This article extends the work of this author to determine whether bilateralism could also lead to GFTA in a realistic world where governments use distorting domestic policies to protect their agricultural sector.
title: Digitalisation potential analysis for sustainable waste management
Creators: name: Klemmer, Olivia
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Waste Management
subject: Industry 4.0
subject: Environment
subject: Sustainability
subject: Upscaling
subject: Waste Management
subject: Industry 4.0
subject: Environment
subject: Sustainability
subject: Upscaling

description: The following thesis aims to assess the inherent potential that cyber-physical systems hold in creating a more sustainable management of waste. For this reason, an upscaling model is derived in which the possible ecological as well as economical changes brought about by two localized Industry 4.0 projects are upscaled onto a larger region. Industrial Revolutions are commonly associated with developments in urban areas. Despite affecting the society as a whole, their impact on rural regions is not often subject of research. Nevertheless, innovations of both pioneer projects have been tested in rural municipalities, providing an interesting research setting, primarily as a result of its relative obscurity. This approach is maintained throughout this work. Moreover, inherent urban-rural differences pose very particular demands on waste management. Generalised deductions of outcomes obtained from rural areas might therefore be ineligible to urban sites. Ultimately, digital transformation undeniably spurs new innovations. The outcome of the Utopian Model contributes to the understanding of changes possible by the digital transformation within the waste management system.
On SICA models for HIV transmission
Creators: name: Silva, Cristiana J.
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 92D30

description: We revisit the SICA (Susceptible-Infectious-Chronic-AIDS) mathematical model for transmission dynamics of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with varying population size in a homogeneously mixing population. We consider SICA models given by systems of ordinary differential equations and some generalizations given by systems with fractional and stochastic differential operators. Local and global stability results are proved for deterministic, fractional, and stochastic-type SICA models. Two case studies, in Cape Verde and Morocco, are investigated.
description: This is a preprint of the following paper: C. J. Silva and D. F. M. Torres, On SICA models for HIV transmission, published in 'Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Infectious Diseases', edited by K. Hattaf and H. Dutta, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Submitted 28/Dec/2019; revised 21/Apr/2020; accepted 24/Apr/2020. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1703.06446, arXiv:1612.00732, arXiv:1812.06965
Electron--phonon coupling and anharmonic effects in metal clusters
Creators: name: Karpeshin, F. F.
name: da Providencia, J.
name: Providencia, C.
name: Providencia, J. da
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The periods of the harmonic oscillations of the ion core of charged sodium clusters around the equilibrium shapes are considered. It is found that these periods are of the order of magnitude of the experimentally measured relaxation times of the plasmons, which suggests the importance of the electron-ion coupling and stresses the role played by the electron-phonon interaction in the dissipation of the plasmon energy. The relation of the process to fission is briefly discussed.
description: 6 pages, no figures, to appear in EPLetters
Beyond 5G Wireless Localization with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
Creators: name: Wymeersch, Henk
name: Denis, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 5G radio positioning exploits information in both angle and delay, by virtue of increased bandwidth and large antenna arrays. When large arrays are embedded in surfaces, they can passively steer electromagnetic waves in preferred directions of space. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which are seen as a transformative "beyond 5G" technology, can thus control the physical propagation environment. Whereas such RIS have been mainly intended for communication purposes so far, we herein state and analyze a RIS-aided downlink positioning problem from the Fisher Information perspective. Then, based on this analysis, we propose a two-step optimization scheme that selects the best RIS combination to be activated and controls the phases of their constituting elements so as to improve positioning performance. Preliminary simulation results show coverage and accuracy gains in comparison with natural scattering, while pointing out limitations in terms of low signal to noise ratio (SNR) and inter-path interference.
description: Accepted in IEEE ICC 2020. The IEEE Xplore version had a problem with Figure 1, which is fixed here
Constraints on the photon charge based on observations of extragalactic sources
Creators: name: Kobychev, V. V.
name: Popov, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using modern high-resolution observations of extragalactic compact radio sources we obtain an estimate of the upper bound on a photon electric charge at the level $e_γ \lesssim 3 \cdot 10^{-33}$ of elementary charge (assuming the photon charge to be energy independent). This is three orders of magnitude better than the limit obtained with radio pulsar timing. Also we set a limit on a photon charge in the gamma-ray band (energies about 0.1 MeV). In future the estimate made for extragalactic sources can be significantly improved.
description: 12 pages, no figures, accepted to Astronomy Letters
title: Mini-grids go green: an economic viability assessment of integrating renewable energy into off-grid Diesel power systems in Cambodia - a case study on Koh Rong Island
Creators: name: Röthlin, Bettina Elisabeth
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: renewable energy
subject: photovoltaics
subject: mini-grid
subject: hybridization
subject: LCOE
subject: electrification
subject: economic viability
subject: Cambodia
subject: renewable energy
subject: photovoltaics
subject: mini-grid
subject: hybridization
subject: LCOE
subject: electrification
subject: economic viability
subject: Cambodia

description: Diesel-fuelled mini-grids have become one of the main tools of supplying electricity to rural or off-grid areas in many African and South-Asian countries due to their ease of installation and the low initial investment required. However, these systems often bear high long term and large environmental costs. This thesis therefore assesses, by means of a case study on the Cambodian island of Koh Rong, whether it is economically viable to hybridize existing diesel-powered mini-grids with renewable energy technology, in particular solar photovoltaic, and if hybridization could lead to a reduction in cost of electricity. Moreover, it discusses whether such a hybridization project could offer an attractive investment opportunity for private investors. For this purpose, a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) analysis is carried out, comparing the electricity generating costs of the existing diesel-powered mini-grid with those of a diesel-PV hybrid system for two ownership structures, namely a tax-exempted public utility and a tax-paying independent power producer. First, an overview of the Cambodian electricity sector is provided and the appropriate technologies regarding diesel and hybrid mini-grids are reviewed. Further, an introduction to LCOE analysis, on which this work is based, is given and the input variables required for the LCOE calculations are discussed. Finally, the calculation results are presented and eventual barriers for the deployment of renewable energy in Cambodia are identified. It is found that hybridizing existing diesel mini-grids on Koh Rong island can lead to electricity generation cost reductions of up to 9.9% and hybridization projects can present attractive investment opportunities for equity investors. However, despite the economic viability of hybrid mini-grids, non-economic barriers, such as the lack of a profound regulatory framework, might inhibit the larger deployment of renewable energy technologies in Cambodia.
The productivity situation in Macedonian agriculture: Gainers and losers during the first decade of the 21st century
Creators: name: Martinovska-Stojcheska, Aleksandra
name: Surry, Yves R.
name: Martinovska-Stojcheska, Aleksandra
name: Surry, Yves R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: productivity gains
subject: surplus accounts
subject: Macedonian agriculture

description: This paper examines the production and productivity growth of Macedonian agriculture. Furthermore, having in mind the distinctive dual structure of Macedonian agriculture, this study investigates the differences in productivity surplus between family farms and agricultural companies. In the period from 1998 to 2008, the sector experienced an increase in terms of volume with an average annual rate of 0.8%, and a productivity or growth rate of 0.7% per annum. The partial productivity of the production factors generally increased throughout the whole period. The productivity growth mainly originated from the increase in agricultural output prices and was distributed to the input suppliers. Additionally, an important benefit was received by family labour with 1.5% of the surplus. Family farms proved to be more consistent in production and productivity growth, despite their small and heterogenic features. In contrast, the production and productivity levels at agricultural companies seem to follow a decreasing trend. The decision makers should consider the source and allocation of productivity gains when formulating the agricultural and rural development policy. This approach also provides ground for monitoring and assessment of the policy, through measurement of the distribution of the increasing governmental support and the EU pre-accession funds.