cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electron vortex beams in a magnetic field: A new twist on Landau levels and Aharonov-Bohm states
Creators: name: Bliokh, Konstantin Y.
name: Schattschneider, Peter
name: Verbeeck, Jo
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the propagation of the recently-discovered electron vortex beams in a longitudinal magnetic field. We consider both the Aharonov-Bohm configuration with a single flux line and the Landau case of a uniform magnetic field. While stationary Aharonov-Bohm modes represent Bessel beams with flux- and vortex-dependent probability distributions, stationary Landau states manifest themselves as non-diffracting Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Furthermore, the Landau-state beams possess field- and vortex-dependent phases: (i) the Zeeman phase from coupling the quantized angular momentum to the magnetic field and (ii) the Gouy phase, known from optical Laguerre-Gaussian beams. Remarkably, together these phases determine the structure of Landau energy levels. This unified Zeeman-Landau-Gouy phase manifests itself in a nontrivial evolution of images formed by various superpositions of modes. We demonstrate that, depending on the chosen superposition, the image can rotate in a magnetic field with either (i) Larmor, (ii) cyclotron (double-Larmor), or (iii) zero frequency. At the same time, its centroid always follows the classical cyclotron trajectory, in agreement with the Ehrenfest theorem. Remarkably, the non-rotating superpositions reproduce stable multi-vortex configurations that appear in rotating superfluids. Our results open up an avenue for the direct electron-microscopy observation of fundamental properties of free quantum electron states in magnetic fields.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, to appear in Phys. Rev. X
Colliding Planetary and Stellar Winds: Charge Exchange and Transit Spectroscopy in Neutral Hydrogen
Creators: name: Tremblin, Pascal
name: Chiang, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When transiting their host stars, hot Jupiters absorb about 10% of the light in the wings of the stellar Lyman-alpha emission line. The absorption occurs at wavelengths Doppler-shifted from line center by +/- 100 km/s - larger than the thermal speeds with which partially neutral, 10E4 K hydrogen escapes from hot Jupiter atmospheres. It has been proposed that the absorption arises from 10E6 K hydrogen from the host stellar wind, made momentarily neutral by charge exchange with planetary H I. The +/-100 km/s velocities would then be attributed to the typical velocity dispersions of protons in the stellar wind - as inferred from spacecraft measurements of the Solar wind. To test this proposal, we perform 2D hydrodynamic simulations of colliding hot Jupiter and stellar winds, augmented by a chemistry module to compute the amount of hot neutral hydrogen produced by charge exchange. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mixes the two winds; in the mixing layer, charge exchange reactions establish, within tens of seconds. Enough hot neutral hydrogen is generated to reproduce the transit observations, and the amount of absorption converges with both spatial resolution and time. Our calculations support the idea that charge transfer between colliding winds correctly explains Lyman-alpha transit observations - modulo the effects of magnetic fields, which we do not model but which may suppress mixing. Other neglected effects include, in order of decreasing importance, rotational forces related to orbital motion, gravity, and stellar radiation pressure; we discuss quantitatively the errors introduced by our approximations. How hot stellar hydrogen cools when it collides with cold planetary hydrogen is also considered; a more careful treatment of how the mixing layer thermally equilibrates might explain the recent detection of Balmer H-alpha absorption in transiting hot Jupiters.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Analysis of impacts of climate variability on malaria transmission in Sri Lanka and the development of an early warning system
Creators: name: Zubair, Lareef M.
name: Connor, Stephen J.
name: Ward, M. Neil
name: Galapaththy, G. N. L.
name: Mahanama, Sarith
name: Faizal, H. M.
name: Yahiya, Zeenas
name: Siriwardhana, Manjula
name: Tennakoon, Upamala
name: Chandimala, Janaki
name: Razick, Siraj
name: Nawarathna, Badra
name: Shaman, Jeffrey L.
name: Ndiaye, Ousmane
name: Yang, Hyemin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Climatic changes
Malaria
Malaria--Transmission

description: This project set goals of bringing together a multi-disciplinary, multi-national and multi-institutional team to address the relationship between climate and malaria in aggregate terms for Sri Lanka, and in detail for the Uva Province to help develop early warning systems. The project was undertaken in partnership with Sri Lanka’s Anti-Malaria Campaign (AMC) and the Foundation for Environment, Climate and Technology, Sri Lanka (FECT). Overall, we have accomplished the projected outcomes in spite of several setbacks.
title: War Finance (Italy)
title: War Finance (Italy)
Creators: name: Degli Esposti, Fabio
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Italien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Kriegsfinanzierung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Italy
subject: War finance

description: Setting out from the fundamental variables of the Italian economy and finances on the eve of the war and during the years of conflict, this article highlights the country’s dependence on international markets and its choice in favour of the Entente. Italy’s war was financed to a small extent by fiscal pressure but to a great extent by going into debt. Until 1916, the notion of a short war prevailed, without excessive strains on the public finances and with scant recourse to allied loans. With the passage to total economic and financial mobilisation, Italy became ever more dependent on allied loans (initially English, and then American), and on domestic public indebtedness. Five national loans were launched, the issue of ordinary government securities was boosted and the circulation of paper currency markedly increased.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Signatures of evanescent mode transport in graphene
Creators: name: Wiener, A. D.
name: Kindermann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the shot noise generated by evanescent modes in graphene for several experimental setups. For two impurity-free graphene strips kept at the Dirac point by gate potentials, separated by a long highly doped region, we find that the Fano factor takes the universal value F = 1/4. For a large superlattice consisting of many strips gated to the Dirac point interspersed among doped regions, we find F = 1/(8 ln 2). These results differ from the value F = 1/3 predicted for a disordered metal, providing an unambiguous experimental signature of evanescent mode transport in graphene.
description: Added references
A Gap Analysis for the Implementation of the Global Climate Observing System Programme in Africa
Creators: name: International Research Institute For Climate And Society
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Science--Social aspects
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This report is the main output from a Gap Analysis, financed by the United Kingdom's Department for International Development (DfID) as a major contribution to a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) workshop to address climate and development issues in sub-Saharan Africa. The requirement is to assess key gaps in the use of climate information from the perspective of the decision-making community at household, community, district, national and regional levels, for a range of sectors, with particular emphasis on health, agriculture and water. The report was prepared by a group of people with broad, deep and diverse experience with climate sensitive development problems, and with climate and development communities in Africa. It was strengthened by review by a larger community of development experts.
Spatial-temporal Transformation of Habitat Causes the Northward Migration of Wild Elephants in Yunnan: Based on Google Earth Engine
Creators: name: Jiang, Donghao
name: Zhang, Yue
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Temporal-spatial, Land use change, Google Earth Engine, Habitat fragmentation

description: From 2020 to 2021, a herd of wild elephants migrated more than 500 kilometers northward from their habitat (Yunnan, Southwest China) became an international hotspot. The study analysis the main habitat (Mengyang Reserve and surrounding areas) of this group of wild elephants from the natural environment, changes in land use types, and habitat fragmentation and found the rare hot and dry
 weather before the wild elephant migration and the habitat destruction caused by human activities in the past ten years contributed to this migration.
Security Through Obscurity Considered Dangerous
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Bush, Randy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: Hiding security vulnerabilities in algorithms, software, and/or hardware decreases the likelihood they will be repaired and increases the likelihood that they can and will be exploited by evil-doers. Discouraging or outlawing discussion of weaknesses and vulnerabilities is extremely dangerous and deleterious to the security of computer systems, the network, and its citizens.
title: Morel, Edmund Dene
title: Morel, Edmund Dene
Creators: name: Snider, Christy Jo
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Morel, Edmund D.
subject: o.P. Morel, E. D. (Edmund Dene), 1873-1924

description: E. D. Morel was one of the earliest critics of the secret diplomacy and alliance system that led to the start of the Great War. Imprisoned during the war by the British government for his writings, he later became a foreign policy leader in the Labour Party and a critic of the Treaty of Versailles.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Using Bloom Filters for Authenticated Yes/No Answers in the DNS
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer science

description: Some aspects of DNSSEC, such as NXDOMAIN error messages, require an authenticated answer. Producing this answer requires complex mechanisms, online storage of the zone's secret key, expensive online computations, or massive zone files. As an alternative, we propose storage of authenticated pointers to Bloom filters. This scheme provides large reductions in the size of, and computational expense to produce, partially-signed zone files.
CM cycles on Shimura curves, and p-adic L-functions
Creators: name: Masdeu, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11S40

description: Let f be a modular form of weight k>=2 and level N, let K be a quadratic imaginary field, and assume that there is a prime p exactly dividing N. Under certain arithmetic conditions on the level and the field K, one can attach to this data a p-adic L-function L_p(f,K,s), as done by Bertolini-Darmon-Iovita-Spiess. In the case of p being inert in K, this analytic function of a p-adic variable s vanishes in the critical range s=1,...,k-1, and therefore one is interested in the values of its derivative in this range. We construct, for k>=4, a Chow motive endowed with a distinguished collection of algebraic cycles which encode these values, via the p-adic Abel-Jacobi map. Our main result generalizes the result obtained by Iovita-Spiess, which gives a similar formula for the central value s=k/2. Even in this case our construction is different from the one found by Iovita-Spiess.
Katholische Reformtheologen in Deutschland und Frankreich. Abstract des Referats auf der Fachtagung „Theologie und Vergangenheitsbewältigung II. Französischer Katholizismus - deutscher Protestantismus 1930-1950“ vom 12. bis 14. Januar 2007
Creators: name: Scherzberg, Lucia
Publisher: name: theologie.geschichte
Year: 2012

description: theologie.geschichte, Bd. 2 (2007)
Investigating mechanical properties of a protein by single molecule atomic force microscopy
Creators: name: Shen, Tao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Single molecule AFM is a powerful technique affording the opportunity to understand the mechanical properties of proteins at the level of a single molecule. In Combining with the protein engineering techniques, single molecule allows us to understand protein folding/unfolding mechanisms and develop methods to tune the mechanical stability. Here, we use a small protein, GB1, the B1 IgG binding domain of protein G from Streptococcus, as a model system. In this thesis, we employed bi-His metal binding sites to probe the mechanical unfolding transition state of GB1 and rationally enhance the mechanical stability of GB1 mutant, G6-53. The transition state cannot be trapped and detected by the usual structural methods because of its high free energy. It remains a challenging task and research focus. In Chapter 3, we directly probed the mechanical unfolding transition state structure of protein GB1. The results demonstrate that the contacts between the force-bearing strands 1 and 4 are largely disrupted at the transition state, whereas the first β-hairpin and α-helix were largely intact. The second hairpin was partially disrupted. These results are in close agreement with, and provide a benchmark for, MD simulations. The mechanical stability is critical for the overall mechanical properties of elastomeric proteins. Elastomeric proteins provide tissues with extensibility, elasticity, and mechanical strength. In Chapter 4, we enhanced the mechanical stability of G6-53 with different metal ions. We demonstrated that all four divalent metal ions, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺, enhance the mechanical stability of G6-53 to different degrees. Because this process is completely reversible, the protein can be treated like a switch. Moreover, the resultant unfolding force difference between Co²⁺ and Zn²⁺ or Zn²⁺ and Cu²⁺ is ~ 20 pN. Thus, various metal ions can be used to fine tune the mechanical stability of proteins.
title: Social Movements (Latin America)
title: Social Movements (Latin America)
Creators: name: Rinke, Stefan
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Lateinamerika
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Soziale Bewegung
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Latin America
subject: Social movements

description: The workers were the primary instigators of social strife in Latin America during the war and incidentally suffered most from the effects of the conflagration. Yet social movements also developed within the middle classes. There were many different kinds of movements, driven by students, pacifists, women and many others. Their emphasis lay on youth and the openness of the future. Aiming for social change, some held revolutionary beliefs while others promoted gradual change or resisted revolution completely. These movements are connected in that they all referred to the war as a moment of initiation.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Access Control Prefix Router Advertisement Option for IPv6
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: Some very low-end devices are expected to rely on address-based authentication, even though that is not a high-security mechanism. In particular, they may wish to permit access by "local" peers only, for some value of "local". This memo proposes a new Router Advertisement option to supply a list of privileged prefixes.
title: Censorship
title: Censorship
Creators: name: Demm, Eberhard
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Zensur
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Censorship

description: Censorship was an indispensable war weapon: its task was to keep the people in an atmosphere of utter ignorance and unshaken confidence in the authorities, and to allow their boundless indoctrination so that they would, despite terrible losses and privations, accept holding on until the bitter end and the complete “knock out” (Lloyd George) of the enemy. This article compares the organization of censorship and its limitations in the combatant countries, analyses its methods, and cites the principal topics which were usually suppressed, not only in the media, but also in novels, entertainment, and in private correspondence. It also investigates the different reactions to censorship: self-censorship, accommodation, criticism, manoeuvres to outwit and circumvent it, and, last but not least, the way in which censorship was manipulated in order to discredit or even ruin political enemies.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Probing the neutron star spin evolution in the young SMC Be/X-ray binary SXP 1062
Creators: name: Popov, S. B.
name: Turolla, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The newly discovered Be/X-ray binary in the Small Magellanic Cloud, SXP 1062, provides the first example of a robust association with a supernova remnant (SNR). The short age estimated for the SNR qualifies SXP 1062 as the youngest known source in its class, tau ~ 1e4 yr. As such, it allows to test current models of magneto-rotational evolution of neutron stars ina still unexplored regime. Here we discuss possible evolutionary scenarios for SXP 1062 in the attempt to reconcile its long spin period, P=1062 s, and short age. Although several options can be considered, like an anomalously long initial period or the presence of a fossil disc, our results indicate that SXP 1062 may host a neutron star born with a large initial magnetic field, typically in excess of ~ 1e14 G, which then decayed to ~ 1e13 G.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, modified to incorporate referee's points, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Revolutions (East Central Europe)
title: Revolutions (East Central Europe)
Creators: name: Brudek, Paweł
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. Osteuropa
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Europe, Eastern

description: This article discusses the influence the Russian Revolution had on countries in East Central Europe. In the Polish Kingdom and Lithuania there was no direct impact because of the German occupation. The parties which sympathized with the Bolsheviks had no chance to seize power. In Latvia and Estonia, on the other hand, there was dynamic change. In March 1917, Latvian and Estonian national politicians began to act to separate their homelands from Russia. A serious obstacle was the attitude of the strong Russian garrisons which were used to strengthen Bolshevik rule after the October Coup. This Bolshevik era in Latvia and Estonia came to an abrupt end with the German invasion in February 1918. In Finland the Russian Revolution created conflict between national and socialist factions over the question of the political shape of Finnish state and its future relations with Russia. In 1918 Finland devolved into civil war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
TCP Filters
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Buchsbaum, Adam L.
name: Muthukrishnan, S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science

description: We propose a method to specify general-purpose filters between TCP and the application layer. The method is incrementally deployable, as neither party will use a filter layer without the other's consent.
Nonlinear Optics in III-V Photonic Resonators
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Blaine
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nanophotonics
subject: Nonlinear Optics
subject: Microresonator Photonics
subject: III-V Semiconductors
subject: Gallium Phosphide
subject: Harmonic Generation
subject: Second Harmonic Generation
subject: Optical Resonators
subject: Whispering Gallery Mode
subject: Third Harmonic Generation
subject: Cascaded Sum Frequency Generation
subject: Physics
subject: Optics

description: Nonlinear nanophotonics seeks to utilize the many useful nonlinear optical phenomena in integrated photonic devices. A particular field of interest is the use of resonant microcavities for nonlinear frequency generation in the telecommunication and visible ranges. The use of microresonator devices with high quality factors and small mode volumes allows for the considerable enhancement of nonlinear processes and high degrees of spatial overlap between resonator modes, leading to highly efficient conversion processes at low optical powers. Among the common photonic materials, the class of III-V semiconductor materials possess ideal properties for telecom-visible conversion, such as wide transparency windows leading to low absorption across these ranges, as well as large nonlinear electromagnetic susceptibilities. In addition, III-V materials with zincblende crystal structures allow for phase matched harmonic generation due to the crystal symmetry. In this work I study nonlinear harmonic generation processes in resonant microcavities made from gallium phosphide (GaP), a III-V semiconductor crystal with a zincblende structure. This study culminates in the simultaneous generation of second and third harmonic signals from a telecom pump in a GaP microdisk. Through resonance spectroscopy via a coupled fiber taper, we observe the generation of second and third harmonic signals at 778 and 519 nm from a 1557 nm telecom pump. Analysis of the resonant output power scaling and calculations of nonlinear inter-modal coupling factors via FDTD simulations allows us to attribute the signals to second harmonic and a cascaded sum frequency generation respectively. This work represents the first realization of efficient third harmonic generation in a GaP microresonator device.
Synthesis, polymerization and metal binding studies of new phosphaalkenes bearing donor substituents
Creators: name: Juilfs, Amber Michelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: A new P-Mes (Mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) phosphaalkene bearing a chelating C-substitutent has been prepared: MesP=C(Ph)(o-DMA) (o-DMA = orthodimethylaniline) (1a). Phosphaalkene 1a was prepared by the standard phospha-Peterson reaction. Radical polymerization of 1a afforded [MesP-C(Ph)(o-DMA)]n (2a). Lithiation followed by protonation of 1a and previously synthesized phosphaalkene MesP=C(Ph)(2- Pyd) (2-Pyd = 2-pyridine) (2a) afforded model compounds (Mes)(Me)P-CH(Ph)(o- DMA) (3a) and (Mes)(Me)P-CH(Ph)(2-Pyd) (3b), respectively. Model compounds 3a and 3b were complexed to Pd(II) resulting in metal complexes (Mes)(Me)P-CH(Ph)(o-DMA)PdCl₂ (4a), [(Mes)(Me)P-CH(Ph)(o- DMA)]₂PdCl₂ (4b), and (Mes)(Me)P-CH(Ph)(2-Pyd)PdCl₂ (4c), respectively. The metal binding properties of the metal complexes were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The results showed that metal complex 4b coordinated Pd(II) in a two to one fashion by analysis of X-ray crystallography whereas complex 4c coordinated Pd(II) in a bidentate fashion through the phosphorus and nitrogen atoms. Crystals were not obtained for complex 4a, however NMR spectroscopy shows the complex differs from the free ligand 3a and the two to one complex 4b.
Empitrombium Southcott 1994
Creators: name: Kohansal, Mahnaz
name: Ramroodi, Sara
name: Noei, Javad
name: Rakhshani, Ehsan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Prostigmata
Microtrombidiidae
Empitrombium

description: Key to larval species of Empitrombium of the world [after Saberi-Riseh & Saboori (2020) with  corrections]
 1. Idiosoma with network markings.. E. dictyostracum * (Vercammen-Grandjean & Cochrane, 1974)
– Idiosoma without network markings............................................................................................... 2
 2. Palpal tibia without median constriction............................ E. pesici Saboori & Hakimitabar, 2009
– Palpal tibia with median constriction.............................................................................................. 3
 3. AW 82–101, PW 86–101, SB 52–62, AL 52–67............... E. makolae  * *  Sevsay & Karakurt, 2013
– AW <69, PW <69, SB <43, AL <39........................................................................................... 3
 4. Ta III ~100, Ge III ~33, Fe III ~53, IP ~876..................................... E. littorale (Michener, 1946)
 – Ta III 69–78, Ge III 16–20, Fe III 37–40, IP 691–725... E. prasadi Saberi-Riseh & Saboori, 2020
description: Published as part of Kohansal, Mahnaz, Ramroodi, Sara, Noei, Javad & Rakhshani, Ehsan, 2023, New data on Marantelophus iranicus and Empitrombium makolae (Acari: Erythraeidae, Microtrombidiidae), pp. 67-79 in Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i1.77981, http://zenodo.org/record/10268307
Factsheet JUSTNORTH: Conceptualizing Justice for a Sustainable Arctic
Creators: name: JUSTNORTH
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: justice theory, schools of justice, liberal justice, cosmopolitan justice, libertarian justice, radical justice, indigenous justice, energy justice, environmental justice, capabilities approach, climate justice, spatial justice, landscape justice

description: This document explores the conceptualization of justice in the context of a sustainable Arctic. Drawing on a rich literature on justice, the discussion delves into various frameworks for structuring, examining, and assessing justice and injustice.
title: Organization of War Economies (Africa)
title: Organization of War Economies (Africa)
Creators: name: Pallaver, Karin
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Afrika
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Wirtschaft
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Economic aspects
subject: Africa

description: This article provides a brief overview of the contribution of African economies to the war and of the ways in which colonial economies were re-organized to respond to the demands of the war period. Its main aim is to provide an understanding of the ways in which African economies integrated into the European war economies and how economic relationships between Africa and metropolitan powers changed in a world dominated by the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Concept of Mitteleuropa
title: Concept of Mitteleuropa
Creators: name: Górny, Maciej
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Deutschland
subject: Mitteleuropa
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Germany
subject: Europe, Central

description: Friedrich Naumann’s ''Mitteleuropa'' (1915) was a liberal voice in the largely illiberal German discussion on the future of East Central and South East Europe. His reasoning, based on principles of free trade and voluntary cooperation, did not dominate this debate, which, in consequence, centered upon German territorial annexations.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Pasha, Enver
title: Pasha, Enver
Creators: name: Ahmad, Feroz
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Enver Pascha
subject: o.P. Enver Paşa, 1881-1922

description: After leading the coup that brought the Committee of Union and Progress to power, Enver was appointed chief of staff and war minister. Convinced of a German victory, he decided to join World War One. In November 1918, he fled to Germany and then to Turkestan, where he organized Muslim forces against the Bolsheviks. He was killed in battle.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Client Certificate and Key Retrieval for IKE
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Moskowitz, RobertÂ G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Computer science

description: IKE was designed for use with certificates. In a remote access scenario, that implies that clients must possess their own certificates. We leverage off of work already done to fast-start certificate use with IPsec via the Simple Certificate Enrollment Protocol [SCEP]. We use only parts of SCEP over a client authenticated TLS/HTTP connection to a CA. By using TLS, the client can trust a CA root certificate it receives, without an out-of-band verification and the CA can perform automatic enrollment. We replace the out-of-band client identification process for a certificate enrollment with a legacy authentication, like RADIUS. Further, since the certificates issued here are short-lived, there is no need to support client-based revocation or rekeying. Also, there is typically no need for CRL support.
Impact of Child Temperament and Discrepancies of Parent Supportiveness on Child Agency
Creators: name: Jones, Rachael E.
name: Simpson, Jeffry
name: Szepsenwol, Ohad
name: Nakamura, Monique S.
name: Eller, Jami
name: Griskevicius, Vladas
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: See document for details
title: War Finance and Monetary Consequences: The German Case Revisited
title: War Finance and Monetary Consequences: The German Case Revisited
Creators: name: Hardach, Gerd
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Deutschland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Finanzpolitik
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Finance--Germany

description: There are in the literature on the economic history of the Great War different approaches to the interpretation of war finance and inflation in Germany. Some scholars have analysed war finance and inflation in the context of economic mobilization during the First World War. Others have interpreted the wartime inflation of 1914-1918 as the beginning of a continuous inflationary process which lasted from 1914 to 1923-1924. This article discusses the pre-war plans for financial mobilization, the fiscal and monetary policy at the beginning of the war (when the German government and military expected a rapid victory) and the policy changes during the war of attrition. There will also be a brief look at the transition from war to peace.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: War and Colonial Finance (Africa)
title: War and Colonial Finance (Africa)
Creators: name: Pallaver, Karin
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Afrika
subject: Kolonialismus
subject: Fiskalpolitik
subject: o.P. Taxation
subject: Africa
subject: World War, 1914-1918

description: This article provides a brief overview of the financial contribution of the African colonies to the First World War. It considers the problems faced by the colonial state in raising revenues during the war owing to a dramatic decrease in import and export trade. It shows how the war conditions led to increased impositions on the African populations, especially in the form of higher taxation and the introduction of various restrictive trading regulations. Finally, it looks at the problems in currency supply and circulation caused by the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Tackling the SgrA* orbital motion riddle with a new General-Relativistic Ray Tracing code
Creators: name: Antonopoulou Eleni
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The Gravity instrument detected a hotspot orbiting SgrA*, the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Center, during the observed Near-Infrared flares of 2018. The Gravity Collaboration fitted the trajectory of the July 22 hotspot with a circular Keplerian orbit of a few gravitational radii, yet the short orbital period and broad angular extent of the observed trajectory disfavor this fit. Motivated by these results, we developed a new Python code for General-Relativistic Radiative Transfer calculations in the Kerr spacetime. We describe the tests used to evaluate our code’s results and move on to investigate the kinematics of the aforementioned orbit.
Impact of Child Temperament and Discrepancies of Parent Supportiveness on Marital Satisfaction
Creators: name: Eller, Jami
name: Nakamura, Monique S.
name: Griskevicius, Vladas
name: Szepsenwol, Ohad
name: Simpson, Jeffry
name: Jones, Rachael E.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: See document for details
Inferring bulk self-assembly properties from simulations of small systems with multiple constituent species and small systems in the grand canonical ensemble
Creators: name: Ouldridge, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we generalize a methodology [T. E. Ouldridge, A. A. Louis, and J. P. K. Doye, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter {\bf 22}, 104102 (2010)] for dealing with the inference of bulk properties from small simulations of self-assembling systems of characteristic finite size. In particular, schemes for extrapolating the results of simulations of a single self-assembling object to the bulk limit are established in three cases: for assembly involving multiple particle species, for systems with one species localized in space and for simulations in the grand canonical ensemble. Furthermore, methodologies are introduced for evaluating the accuracy of these extrapolations. Example systems demonstrate that differences in cluster concentrations between simulations of a single self-assembling structure and bulk studies of the same model under identical conditions can be large, and that convergence on bulk results as system size is increased can be slow and non-trivial.
description: Accepted by J. Chem. Phys
Why Is Macroeconomics Different in Developing Countries?
Creators: name: Nayyar, Deepak
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics

description: In this paper Nayyar demonstrates that macroeconomics developed in the context of industrialized countries cannot simply be transplanted in developed countries. Starting from accounting identities, models can be built based on economic reasoning, but such models must respect institutional facts and recognize different contexts.
title: Stereotypes
title: Stereotypes
Creators: name: Ther, Vanessa
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Stereotyp
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918
subject: Stereotypes (Social psychology)

description: This article summarises the main wartime stereotypes that defined war propaganda in Germany, France, Great Britain, the USA and Russia. It focuses less on particular details of each national enemy image and more on the basic make-up of wartime stereotypes and specific national perceptions of enemy soldiers.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Novel Polaron State for Single Impurity in a Bosonic Mott Insulator
Creators: name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Al-Hassanieh, K. A.
name: Feiguin, A. E.
name: Timmermans, Eddy
name: Batista, C. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a single impurity embedded in a cold atom bosonic Mott insulator leads to a novel polaron that exhibits correlated motion with an effective mass and a linear size that nearly diverge at critical value of the on-site impurity-boson interaction strength. Cold atom technology can tune the polaron's properties and break up the composite particle into a deconfined impurity-hole and boson particle state at finite, controllable polaron momentum.
Behaviour of Compacted Regina Clay in Confined Undrained Triaxial Compression Tests – Undrained Shear Strength and Pore Pressure Parameters
Creators: name: Hu, Tianquan
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: unsaturated soil
subject: compacted clay
subject: confined undrained triaxial compression
subject: CUTC
subject: pore pressure parameter
subject: pore pressure estimation
subject: rate effect
subject: Engineering
subject: Geotechnology

description: The unsaturated soil mechanics has been studied extensively in the past few decades. Determining the shear strength properties requires direct pore-air and pore-water pressure measurements. However, pore pressures of unsaturated soil can only be measured at advanced geotechnical laboratories with specialty setups. The confined undrained triaxial compression (CUTC) test without pore pressure measurement, a simpler test that can be done at most geotechnical laboratories, was used in this study. Regina clay samples were prepared at three moisture contents (22%, 26%, and 30%) and compacted using the same effort. Three confining pressures (10, 50, and 100 kPa) and three strain rates (0.0084%, 0.084%, and 0.84% per minute) were tested. The moisture contents of 22% and 26% samples had comparable results because the optimum water content (26%) samples had lower initial void ratios after compaction. The moisture content of 30% samples had the lowest strengths. For samples with the same moisture content, the undrained shear strength was positively related to confining pressure and strain rate. A methodology was developed to estimate the pore pressure parameters in CUTC tests without pore pressure measurements. Simplified deviator stress versus isotropic confining pressure relationship was derived and assumed to be linear in the stress ranges examined. The sensitivity of the pore pressure parameters to each input variable was analyzed. The tangent pore-air and pore-water pressure parameters for uniaxial loading (Da and Dw) were sensitive to matric suction, the angle of shear strength change rate related to matric suction, and the effective angle of internal friction. Da and Dw were less sensitive to effective cohesion and the ratio of pore-air and pore-water pressure parameters. The tangent pore-air and pore-water pressure parameters related to isotropic loading (Ba and Bw) were sensitive to Da, Dw, and effective angle of internal friction. Ba and Bw were also sensitive to each other. The pore pressure parameters were used to back-calculate the pore pressures and the effective stress during the test. Using CUTC tests without pore pressure measurements with estimations of pore pressure parameters was deemed a feasible method to estimate unsaturated soil properties.
Dynamics of cold molecules in electromagnetic ﬁelds
Creators: name: Alyabyshev, Sergey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The research ﬁeld of cold and ultracold atoms and molecules is rapidly growing and expanding into different areas of research such as quantum information science and condensed matter physics. The success of this ﬁeld is due to the possibility of precisely controlling and manipulating atoms and molecules at low temperatures. The progress in this ﬁeld relies on the development of new methods for controlling collisional dynamics and interactions of particles with electromagnetic ﬁelds. This Thesis describes research on modiﬁcation of the collisional dynamics of ultracold atoms and molecules by external laser and microwave ﬁelds as well as new methods for the detection of weak electromagnetic ﬁelds. First, we study the scattering of atoms and molecules conﬁned in a 2D geometry by optical lattices. In particular we develop a theory for scattering in 2D and derive the equations for the threshold dependence of the collision cross sections. We show that inelastic processes and chemical reactions can be suppressed under strong conﬁnement in one dimension and can be controlled by varying the orientation of the external ﬁeld with respect to the plane of conﬁnement. Next, we present a rigorous theory of low-temperature molecular collisions in the presence of a microwave ﬁeld. The microwave ﬁeld can theoretically be used to trap and control polar molecules. The molecular collisions may lead to trap loss and decoherence. We develop a rigorous quantum theory for molecular scattering in the presence of microwave ﬁelds. We study inelastic, spin-changing molecular collisions and Feshbach resonances in the presence of microwave ﬁelds. We demonstrate that inelastic collisions accompanied by absorption of microwave photons can be signiﬁcant. The detection of weak electromagnetic ﬁelds is very important for various applications ranging from fundamental measurements to biomagnetic imaging, and for tests of microwave chips. We present a method for the detection of weak electromagnetic ﬁelds in a wide range of frequencies from sub-kHz to THz with ultracold polar molecules. We show that using ultracold molecules one can achieve the sensitivity of two orders of magnitude larger than with a similar method based on ultracold Rb atoms.
TCP Compression Filter
Creators: name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
name: Buchsbaum, Adam L.
name: Muthukrishnan, S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science

description: We propose a TCP filter option to install compression in a virtual layer between TCP and the application layer. The method is incrementally deployable, as neither party will install the compression layer without the other's consent.
title: Internees (Switzerland)
title: Internees (Switzerland)
Creators: name: Bürgisser, Thomas
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: o.P. Schweiz
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Internierter
subject: o.P. World War, 1914-1918--Switzerland
subject: Prisoners of war

description: Swiss governmental and non-governmental organizations were intensely involved in humanitarian activities for the victims of World War I. From 1916 on, the country opened its borders to a select number of sick or injured prisoners of war from Germany, France, Belgium and Britain for healing and recovery. Based on agreements with the belligerent nations – who paid the costs – the prisoners were interned for several months in sanatoria and hotels mainly in Alpine tourist locations, thus supporting an industry lying idle. The internment of foreign POWs also legitimized and stressed the usefulness of the Swiss neutrality policy both internally and externally.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Contractionary Effects of Stabilization and Long-Run Growth
Creators: name: Dutt, Amitava K.
name: Ros, Jaime
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Managerial economics

description: This paper reviews models of long-run growth which assume that the economy is not on its so-called "normal" path, and in which both aggregate demand and aggregate supply issues have a role in determining long-run growth. This review shows that contractionary stabilization policies can have adverse long-run effects on growth, and may in fact exacerbate the problems they were intended to solve.
New light on EuO thin films: preparation, transport, magnetism and spectroscopy of a ferromagnetic semiconductor
Creators: name: Steeneken, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This PhD thesis presents a study of the ferromagnetic semiconductor EuO. Chapter 1 gives a general introduction, chapter 2 presents a calculation of the magneto-optical spectrum. Chapter 3 deals with the epitaxial growth of EuO thin films by MBE. In chapter 4 experiments are used to study the spin-resolved band-structure. Chapter 5 discusses the temperature dependent X-ray absorption spectrum of EuO and chapter 6 studies its magenetic circular dichroism spectrum. Chapter 7 discusses magnetotransport and phototransport measurement and theory on EuO. Chapter 8 deals with the nature of doping in the high-Tc cuprates. This work was supervised by G.A. Sawatzky and L.H. Tjeng.
description: This thesis can also be found at http://dissertations.ub.rug.nl/faculties/science/2002/p.g.steeneken/. The thesis work was performed in the period 1998-2002 under the supervision of G.A. Sawatzky and L.H. Tjeng
Gene regulation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by c-di-GMP-dependent thermotransduction
Creators: name: Randall, Trevor
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
subject: cyclic diguanylate
subject: diguanylate cyclases
subject: sensory perception
subject: signal transduction
subject: thermal sensing
subject: transcriptomics
subject: RNA-seq
subject: Per-Arnt-SIM domains
subject: rate-temperature dependencies
subject: enzyme kinetics
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Biology
subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Psychology--Experimental

description: Bacterial signal transduction by the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is used by many bacteria to adapt to changing conditions inside or outside of the cell. Bioinformatics have revealed a vast collection of sensory domains in enzymes that carry out the production and degradation of c-di-GMP. However, despite recent advances in understanding mechanisms of sensory perception in c-di-GMP networks, the vast majority of the putative sensory domains in c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes lack ascribed functions. Here, I describe the bacterial thermosensory diguanylate cyclase (TdcA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which fine tunes intracellular c-di-GMP levels in response to temperature. My research reveals that the thermosensory functions of TdcA are mediated by a thermosensitive Per-Arnt-SIM (thermoPAS) domain, which is a function not previously ascribed to the widespread family of PAS protein domains. Using RNA-sequencing, I investigated the effects of c-di-GMP produced by TdcA on the P. aeruginosa transcriptome at different temperatures. My results identify that c-di-GMP synthesized by TdcA regulates an expansive repertoire of genes involved in stress resistance, ribosome assembly, and horizontal gene transfer. Moreover, most of these genes comprise part of the P. aeruginosa accessory genome. Altogether, this body of work not only identifies a group of c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes that function as molecular thermosensory devices, but also defines a process of c-di-GMP-dependent thermotransduction in P. aeruginosa.