cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effect of dwell period between main and pre injection on NOx and smoke emission from CRDI diesel engine fueled with Biodiesel blend
Creators: name: Nallamothu, Ramesh Babu
name: Nallamothu, Anantha Kamal
name: Nallamothu, Seshu Kishan
name: Injeti, Niranjan Kumar
name: Basava, Venkata Appa Rao
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development
Year: 2019

description: Diesel engines are very much widely used as a power source in industrial, transportation and power generation sectors due to their higher efficiency and better fuel economy. But the major drawback of diesel engines is its higher emissions of NOx and smoke due to heterogeneous combustion that exists in diesel engines. In general the emissions like HC and CO from diesel engines are less compared to gasoline engines because they run mostly with lean mixtures. Due to contradicting requirements for the reduction of NOx and smoke, the tradeoff between NOx and smoke emission without compromising fuel economy is a big challenge being faced by automotive industries and researchers in the field. Also to have sustainable civilization, there is a need to find eco friendly and renewable alternative fuel to petro diesel to conserve fast depleting petroleum resources and to minimize environmental pollution. Biodiesel produced from non-edible feed stock is found to be a good alternative to petro diesel. It is observed that the formation of NOx is very much dependent on the peak temperature in the combustion chamber. Various types of techniques are being tried by the researchers to reduce high NOx emission from usage of biodiesel blended fuel in diesel engines. The techniques used are like dilution using EGR, injection of water, retardation of injection timing etc. With the development of CRDI systems split and multiple injection strategy attracting the attention of researchers as a promising technique in reducing the NOx emissions. In this work an attempt is made to study the effect of dwell between pilot and main injection in a multiple injection strategy of Pilot-Main-Post injection while retarding main injection. In this multiple injection strategy of three injection pulses the pilot fuel quantity is fixed as 10% of total fuel injected, post injection fuel quantity is fixed as 0.5 mg. The dwell between pilot and main was varied at different main injection timing. The post injection is closely coupled with main injection with a dwell of 3 CAD. The main injection timing along with pilot and post was retarded from the recommended 23o bTDC in steps of 3 degrees. At all main injection timing the dwell of 10 CAD observed to be the best for smoke reduction, where as 20 CAD is better for NOx reduction. In overall Dwell 10 CAD is better for trade off between NOx and Smoke.
description: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development, Vol 5 No 2 (2018): EJSSD
Co-Hopfian and boundedly endo-rigid mixed abelian groups
Creators: name: Asgharzadeh, Mohsen
name: Golshani, Mohammad
name: Shelah, Saharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a given cardinal $λ$ and a torsion abelian group $K$ of cardinality less than $λ$, we present, under some mild conditions (for example $λ=λ^{\aleph_0}$), boundedly endo-rigid abelian group $G$ of cardinality $λ$ with $Tor(G)=K$. Essentially, we give a complete characterization of such pairs $(K, λ)$. Among other things, we use a twofold version of the black box. We present an application of the construction of boundedly endo-rigid abelian groups. Namely, we turn to the existing problem of co-Hopfian abelian groups of a given size, and present some new classes of them, mainly in the case of mixed abelian groups. In particular, we give useful criteria to detect when a boundedly endo-rigid abelian group is co-Hopfian and completely determine cardinals $λ> 2^{\aleph_{0}}$ for which there is a co-Hopfian abelian group of size $λ$.
Blockchain-Geschäftsmodelle: Ein Leitfaden zur Entwicklung Blockchain-basierter Geschäftsmodelle
Creators: name: Grünewald, Alexander
name: Hausmann, Maik
name: Gürpinar, Tan
name: Wappner, Tobias
name: Saorski, Nils
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2023
Subjects: Blockchain
Geschäftsmodell
Fähigkeitsmodell
Potenzialanalyse
Quick-Check
Geschäftsmodellmuster
Business Model
Canvas

description: In diesem Insights-Beitrag wird ein Leitfaden zur Entwicklung Blockchain-basierter Geschäftsmodelle vorgestellt. Der Geschäftsmodellleitfaden setzt sich aus verschiedenen, im Rahmen von Blockchain Europe entwickelten, Methoden zusammen, die ebenfalls beschrieben werden. Ziel des Leitfadens ist es, Praktikern entlang der individuellen Phasen der Geschäftsmodellentwicklung Unterstützung zu bieten. Darüber hinaus enthält der Beitrag Grundlagen zu Blockchain-basierten Geschäftsmodellen und zeigt die methodischen Grundlagen auf, die zur Entwicklung des Geschäftsmodellleitfadens genutzt wurden.
Additive Approximation for Near-Perfect Phylogeny Construction
Creators: name: Pranjal  Awasthi
name: Avrim  Blum
name: Morgenstern, Jamie
name: Or  Sheffet
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the problem of constructing phylogenetic trees for a given set of species. The problem is formulated as that of finding a minimum Steiner tree on n points over the Boolean hypercube of dimension d. It is known that an optimal tree can be found in linear time [1] if the given dataset has a perfect phylogeny, i.e. cost of the optimal phylogeny is exactly d. Moreover, if the data has a near-perfect phylogeny, i.e. the cost of the optimal Steiner tree isd + q, it is known [2] that an exact solution can be found in running time which is polynomial in the number of species and d, yet exponential in q. In this work, we give a polynomial-time algorithm (in both d and q) that finds a phylogenetic tree of cost d + O(q 2). This provides the best guarantees known—namely, a (1 + o(1))-approximation—for the case log(d)≪q≪d√, broadening the range of settings for which near-optimal solutions can be efficiently found. We also discuss the motivation and reasoning for studying such additive approximations.
Adding threads to Standard ML
Creators: name: Cooper, Eric C.
name: J. Gregory. Morrisett
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "We have added multiple threads of control to the Standard ML programming language. Standard ML's support for first-class functions and automatic storage management influenced the design in a number of ways. We demonstrate how other concurrency and synchronization operations, such as cobegin/coend, futures, and events, can be implemented in terms of the thread interface. Finally, we describe three implementations of the thread interface: a coroutine version, a uniprocessor preemptive version, and a multiprocessor Mach-based version."
Towards Multi-Object Detection and Tracking in Urban Scenario under Uncertainties
Creators: name: Kampker, Achim
name: Sefati, Mohsen
name: Rachman, Arya Abdul
name: Kreisköther, Kai
name: Campoy, Pascual
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Urban-oriented autonomous vehicles require a reliable perception technology to tackle the high amount of uncertainties. The recently introduced compact 3D LIDAR sensor offers a surround spatial information that can be exploited to enhance the vehicle perception. We present a real-time integrated framework of multi-target object detection and tracking using 3D LIDAR geared toward urban use. Our approach combines sensor occlusion-aware detection method with computationally efficient heuristics rule-based filtering and adaptive probabilistic tracking to handle uncertainties arising from sensing limitation of 3D LIDAR and complexity of the target object movement. The evaluation results using real-world pre-recorded 3D LIDAR data and comparison with state-of-the-art works shows that our framework is capable of achieving promising tracking performance in the urban situation.
description: Some significant editorial/editing issues are found upon review. Paper will undergo language re-proofing before resubmitted
Formation of the solid-state high-order harmonic generation plateau through destructive interference
Creators: name: Bielke, Lina
name: Jürß, Hannah
name: Burgtorf, Vincent
name: Bauer, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In frequently studied two-band models for solid-state high-harmonic generation, interband harmonics in principle can range from the minimum to the maximum bandgap. However, it is known that a laser-intensity dependent cutoff exists that may be well below the maximum bandgap unless the laser intensity is so high that the electrons explore the entire Brillouin zone. We show that this laser-intensity dependent cutoff is formed by destructive interference of the emission of electrons starting at different initial states in the Brillouin zone. The calculations in this work are for Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chains but our findings apply to other two-band systems as well. Only when the sampling of the Brillouin zone is fine enough or, equivalently, a finite chain is long enough in position space, the destructive interference is complete and forms the cutoff. For coarser sampling and shorter chains all harmonics between minimum and maximum bandgap are emitted. A time-frequency analysis shows how certain trajectories are responsible for the formation of the cutoff.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Adding Implicit Invocation to Languages: Three Aproaches
Creators: name: Notkin, David
name: Garlan, David
name: Griswold, William G
name: Sullivan, Kevin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Implicit invocation based on event announcement is an increasingly important technique for integrating systems. However, the use of this technique has largely been confined to tool integration systems---in which tools exist as independent processes---and special-purpose languages---in which specialized forms of event broadcast are designed into the language from the start. This paper broadens the class of systems that can benefit from this approach by showing how to augment general-purpose programming languages with facilities for implicit invocation. We illustrate the approach in the context of three different languages, Ada, C++, and Common Lisp. The intent is to highlight the key design considerations that arise in extending such languages with implicit invocation.
Engineering and Chemical Characterization of Natural Bitumen Resources from Nigeria
Creators: name: Ademila, Omowumi
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development
Year: 2019

description: High demand for good engineering materials that are not harmful to human and environment for sustainable roads has necessitated this study with the aim of evaluating the quality and grade of natural bitumen and their impact on health and the environment. Engineering and chemical properties of bitumen in Agbabu and its environs were evaluated for their suitability in road pavement construction. Raw samples of natural bitumen were collected in Agbagbu, Mile 2 and Mulekangbo, Ondo State, Nigeria. The engineering properties involves the analysis of the bitumen penetration, flash and fire points, water content, loss on heating and specific gravity. The chemical evaluation includes the analysis of heavy metals by the use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and the analysis of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) involves the use of Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GCMS). Based on the penetration values, Agbabu and Mulekangbo bitumen sample, fall within 200/300 penetration grade and are classified as temperature susceptible bitumen, while the samples of Mile 2 fall within 100/150 penetration grade and are classified as conventional paving bitumen. Thus, Agbabu and Mulekangbo bitumen can only be used in the temperate regions of the world, while Mile 2 bitumen can best be applied in the tropics, after they must have been upgraded by modifiers. The results of AAS indicate a high concentration of iron in all the samples of the locations in the decreasing order of Fe
description: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development, Vol 5 No 2 (2018): EJSSD
Additional file 1 of Applying the RE-AIM implementation framework to evaluate fall prevention interventions in community dwelling adults with cognitive impairment: a review and secondary analysis
Creators: name: Racey, M.
name: Markle-Reid, M.
name: Fitzpatrick-Lewis, D.
name: Ali, M. U.
name: Gagné, H.
name: Hunter, S.
name: Ploeg, J.
name: Sztramko, R.
name: Harrison, L.
name: Lewis, R.
name: Jovkovic, M.
name: Sherifali, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Significance of an excess in a counting experiment: assessing the impact of systematic uncertainties and the case with Gaussian background
Creators: name: Vianello, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several experiments in high-energy physics and astrophysics can be treated as on/off measurements, where an observation potentially containing a new source or effect ("on" measurement) is contrasted with a background-only observation free of the effect ("off" measurement). In counting experiments, the significance of the new source or effect can be estimated with a widely-used formula from [LiMa], which assumes that both measurements are Poisson random variables. In this paper we study three other cases: i) the ideal case where the background measurement has no uncertainty, which can be used to study the maximum sensitivity that an instrument can achieve, ii) the case where the background estimate $b$ in the off measurement has an additional systematic uncertainty, and iii) the case where $b$ is a Gaussian random variable instead of a Poisson random variable. The latter case applies when $b$ comes from a model fitted on archival or ancillary data, or from the interpolation of a function fitted on data surrounding the candidate new source/effect. Practitioners typically use in this case a formula which is only valid when $b$ is large and when its uncertainty is very small, while we derive a general formula that can be applied in all regimes. We also develop simple methods that can be used to assess how much an estimate of significance is sensitive to systematic uncertainties on the efficiency or on the background. Examples of applications include the detection of short Gamma-Ray Bursts and of new X-ray or $γ$-ray sources.
description: Accepted by ApJ Supplements
Radiation Hardness Studies in a CCD with High-Speed Column Parallel Readout
Creators: name: Sopczak, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) have been successfully used in several high energy physics experiments over the past two decades. Their high spatial resolution and thin sensitive layers make them an excellent tool for studying short-lived particles. The Linear Collider Flavour Identification (LCFI) collaboration is developing Column-Parallel CCDs (CPCCDs) for the vertex detector of the International Linear Collider (ILC). The CPCCDs can be read out many times faster than standard CCDs, significantly increasing their operating speed. The results of detailed simulations of the charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) of a prototype CPCCD are reported and studies of the influence of gate voltage on the CTI described. The effects of bulk radiation damage on the CTI of a CPCCD are studied by simulating the effects of two electron trap levels, 0.17 and 0.44 eV, at different concentrations and operating temperatures. The dependence of the CTI on different occupancy levels (percentage of hit pixels) and readout frequencies is also studied. The optimal operating temperature for the CPCCD, where the effects of the charge trapping are at a minimum, is found to be about 230 K for the range of readout speeds proposed for the ILC. The results of the full simulation have been compared with a simple analytic model.
description: 3 pages, 6 figures; presented at IEEE'07, ALCPG'07, ICATPP'07
Variational Phase Estimation with Variational Fast Forwarding
Creators: name: Filip, Maria-Andreea
name: Ramo, David Muñoz
name: Fitzpatrick, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subspace diagonalisation methods have appeared recently as promising means to access the ground state and some excited states of molecular Hamiltonians by classically diagonalising small matrices, whose elements can be efficiently obtained by a quantum computer. The recently proposed Variational Quantum Phase Estimation (VQPE) algorithm uses a basis of real time-evolved states, for which the energy eigenvalues can be obtained directly from the unitary matrix U = exp(-iHt), which can be computed with cost linear in the number of states used. In this paper, we report a circuit-based implementation of VQPE for arbitrary molecular systems and assess its performance and costs for the H2, H3+ and H6 molecules. We also propose using Variational Fast Forwarding (VFF) to decrease to quantum depth of time-evolution circuits for use in VQPE. We show that the approximation provides a good basis for Hamiltonian diagonalisation even when its fidelity to the true time evolved states is low. In the high fidelity case, we show that the approximate unitary U can be diagonalised instead, preserving the linear cost of exact VQPE.
Tensions identitaires et intervention sociale: Étude exploratoire auprès d’intervenantes sociales issues de l’immigration et racisées oeuvrant en contexte francophone minoritaire
Creators: name: Welch, Gabrielle Maria
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019

description: Le Canada a comme réputation d’être une terre d’accueil pour les migrants provenant des quatre coins du monde. De ce fait, on peut supposer que le marché du travail canadien représente cette mosaïque de diversité. Néanmoins, on constate que dans le domaine de la santé et des services sociaux, cette diversité est sous-représentée, et les recherches portant sur les réalités des professionnel·le·s racisés et issus de l’immigration sont peu nombreuses. Sous la même optique, bien peu de recherches ont tenté de comprendre les réalités des intervenantes sociales racisées et issues de l’immigration au sein du contexte francophone minoritaire en Ontario. Ce mémoire a donc pour but de comprendre la manière dont les multiples identités des intervenantes sociales racisées et issues de l’immigrant œuvrant dans le domaine de la santé et en contexte francophone minoritaire ont un impact sur leurs relations de travail, ainsi que personnelles. Nous avons dégagé que le lieu de travail est souvent l’endroit où les altérités sont soulignées par les collègues de travail et les utilisateurs de services par l’entremise de comportements racistes, à titre d’exemple le refus de travailler avec une intervenante à cause de traits phénotypiques. De plus, nous avons constaté que des identités sont assignées aux intervenantes par l’entremise de marqueurs d’altérité comme l’accent. Plus encore, cette recherche a pour but de comprendre la manière dont les intervenantes sociales s’identifient ou non à la cause de la francophonie minoritaire en Ontario et les facteurs qui influencent cette appartenance ou non-appartenance. Nous avons constaté que des nombreux facteurs influencent ces sentiments d’appartenance, dont la terre natale, les parcours de vie et les relations avec les francophones dit « de souche ». Ainsi, ce mémoire s’est construit par l’entremise d’une recherche qualitative qui prit la forme d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de six intervenantes sociales qui s’identifiaient comme étant racisées et issues de l’immigration et qui œuvraient dans le domaine de la santé en contexte francophone minoritaire, à Ottawa. Notre analyse se fait donc par l’entremise de plusieurs axes, dont les réalités dans les milieux de travail, la francophonie minoritaire, l’identité et des pistes de solutions possibles.
Dr. THE ROLE OF CAREER GUIDANCE IN QUALITY EDUCATION IN HARAR AND WOLISO TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL COLLEGES, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Likisa, Kumsa Donis
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development
Year: 2019

description: ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to examine the contribution of career guidance in quality education in Harar and Woliso Technical and Vocational colleges. The sources of information were two purposefully selected guidance personnel, 190 students and 93 teachers who were randomly selected after stratification based on their fields of studies. Questionnaires were used as data gathering instruments. In the analysis of data, qualitative description of information from the open-ended questions and statistics such as frequency and percentage were used in the analysis of closed-ended questions. The results of the empirical investigation indicated a lack of policy at the institutional level, which is considered to be indispensable to the initiation and to sustain career guidance. Systematic career guidance and guidance programmes are lacking, and there is a scarcity of facilities that should have been set aside for career guidance. The personnel providing career guidance are not appropriately trained, and seldom received the opportunity to undergo in-service training. As a result, career guidance is not contributing to quality education as required. Finally, recommendations and suggestions for further investigation were made. Keywords: career guidance, career development, career education, quality education, TVET colleges.
description: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development, Vol 5 No 2 (2018): EJSSD
Study on Biogas Energy Production from Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.)
Creators: name: Belay, Jemal Beshir
Publisher: name: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development
Year: 2019

description: ABSTRACT Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology for methane production is a more efficient method for energy generation from biomass compared to other biological and thermo-chemical conversion processes (Yi Zheng et al. 2014). This paper presents the experimental results of the anaerobic digestion of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) (L.) and methane content of each of the treatments, T1 and T2 (<1-year cactus at 27oC and 37oC), T3 and T4 (1-year cactus at 27oC and 37oC), T5and T6 (2-year cactus at 27oC and37oC), T7 and T8 (3-year cactus at 27oC and 37oC) were performed. From 500g of cactus it was found that the amount of biogas production and quality was highest in T2 (3500ml of biogas and 49% CH4) and T4 was the second highest in the amount of production and quality (3400ml of biogas and 45% CH4). T7 produced the minimum biogas production and quality (2500ml of biogas and 33% CH4). Moreover, compare to other source of energy, cactus produced a good volume of biogas but low in quality due to its C: N ratio. Thus, Cactus can be digested alone or it can be one of the feed stock for co-digestion process. This could give better quality biogas.
description: Ethiopian Journal of Sciences and Sustainable Development, Vol 5 No 2 (2018): EJSSD
Adding Faster with Application Specific Early Termination
Creators: name: Koes, David
name: Chelcea, Tiberiu
name: Onyeama, Charles
name: Goldstein, Seth C.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a methodology for improving the speed of high-speed adders. As a starting point, a previously proposed method, called “speculative completion,” is used in which fast-terminating additions are automatically detected. Unlike the previous design, the method proposed in this paper is able to adapt dynamically to (1) application-specific behavior and (2) to adder-specific behavior, resulting in a higher detection rate of fast additions and, consequently, a faster average-case speed for addition. Our experimental results show detection rates of over 99%, and adder average-case speed improvements of up to 14.8%.
Anyon condensation and the color code
Creators: name: Kesselring, Markus S.
name: de la Fuente, Julio C. Magdalena
name: Thomsen, Felix
name: Eisert, Jens
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Brown, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The manipulation of topologically-ordered phases of matter to encode and process quantum information forms the cornerstone of many approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here we demonstrate that fault-tolerant logical operations in these approaches can be interpreted as instances of anyon condensation. We present a constructive theory for anyon condensation and, in tandem, illustrate our theory explicitly using the color-code model. We show that different condensation processes are associated with a general class of domain walls, which can exist in both space- and time-like directions. This class includes semi-transparent domain walls that condense certain subsets of anyons. We use our theory to classify topological objects and design novel fault-tolerant logic gates for the color code. As a final example, we also argue that dynamical `Floquet codes' can be viewed as a series of condensation operations. We propose a general construction for realising planar dynamically driven codes based on condensation operations on the color code. We use our construction to introduce a new Calderbank-Shor Steane-type Floquet code that we call the Floquet color code.
description: 55 pages, 57 figures, comments welcome; v2 - changes made in response to the peer-review process
Adaptive Statistical Language Modeling: A Maximum Entropy Approach
Creators: name: Rosenfeld, Roni
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Language modeling is the attempt to characterize, capture and exploit regularities in natural language. In statistical language modeling, large amounts of text are used to automatically determine the model’s parameters. Language modeling is useful in automatic speech recognition, machine translation, and any other application that processes natural language with incomplete knowledge. In this thesis, I view language as an information source which emits a stream of symbols from a ﬁnite alphabet (the vocabulary). The goal of language modeling is then to identify and exploit sources of information in the language stream, so as to minimize its perceived entropy. Most existing statistical language models exploit the immediate past only. To extract information from further back in the document’s history, I use trigger pairs as the basic information bearing elements. This allows the model to adapt its expectations to the topic of discourse. Next, statistical evidence from many sources must be combined. Traditionally, linear interpolation and its variants have been used, but these are shown here to be seriously deﬁcient. Instead, I apply the principle of Maximum Entropy (ME). Each information source gives rise to a set of constraints, to be imposed on the combined estimate. The intersection of these constraints is the set of probability functions which are consistent with all the information sources. The function with the highest entropy within that set is the ME solution. Given consistent statistical evidence, a unique ME solution is guaranteed to exist, and an iterative algorithm exists which is guaranteed to converge to it. The ME framework is extremely general: any phenomenon that can be described in terms of statistics of the text can be readily incorporated. An adaptive language model based on the ME approach was trained on the Wall Street Journal corpus, and showed 32%–39% perplexity reduction over the baseline. When interfaced to SPHINX-II, Carnegie Mellon’s speech recognizer, it reduced its error rate by 10%–14%. The signiﬁcance of this thesis lies in improving language modeling, reducing speech recognition error rate, and in being the ﬁrst large-scale test of the approach. It illustrates the feasibility of incorporating many diverse knowledge sources in a single, uniﬁed statistical framework.
Instalaciones y dispositivos. El arte contemporáneo en Colombia 1989-2012
Creators: name: Ruiz Solórzano, Jaime
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Víctimas
subject: Conflicto armado
subject: Arte contemporáneo
subject: Arte contemporáneo colombiano
subject: Estudios sociales
subject: Violencia política
subject: Representaciones y presentaciones
subject: Dispositivos e instalaciones
subject: Testimonio, huella y memoria

description: La tesis corresponde a una investigación sobre el arte contemporáneo colombiano, fundamentado en los estudios sociales; es un proyecto de carácter interdisciplinario, donde se abordan las maneras cómo las prácticas artísticas contemporáneas interpretan la violencia política, motivada por la guerra interna que tiene lugar en nuestro país, desde hace más de sesenta años. Los procesos de indagación se direccionan desde las maneras diversas como los artistas abordan la violencia política, acaecida durante el período de estudio, comprendido entre 1989 y 2012. En este corte temporal los creadores estudiados lograron configurar, por medio de representaciones y presentaciones, los cuerpos y los objetos como testimonios, huellas y memorias del horror acaecido por miles de víctimas y sobrevivientes. Específicamente, se estudia la producción de las artes visuales que alude al conflicto armado en Colombia, revisando algunas de las instalaciones y dispositivos producidos en el período señalado, que evidencian un particular interés por dar lectura a la realidad nacional. Se precisa que las obras citadas solamente sirven para ejemplificar los enunciados conceptuales y contribuir a afianzar los argumentos de la tesis. En esencia, se trata de prácticas artísticas contemporáneas, avizoradas como lugares nuevos, sin parámetros y con particularidades que han alcanzado la universalidad.
description: The thesis corresponds to an investigation on contemporary Colombian art, based on social studies; It is an interdisciplinary project, which addresses the ways in which contemporary artistic practices interpret political violence, motivated by the internal war that has been taking place in our country for more than sixty years. The inquiry processes are directed from the different ways in which the artists approach political violence, which occurred during the study period, between 1989 and 2012. In this temporary cut, the studied creators managed to configure, through representations and presentations, the bodies and the objects as testimonies, traces and memories of the horror suffered by thousands of victims and survivors. Specifically, the production of visual arts that alludes to the armed conflict in Colombia is studied, reviewing some of the installations and devices produced in the indicated period, which show a particular interest in reading the national reality. It is specified that the cited works only serve to exemplify the conceptual statements and contribute to strengthening the arguments of the thesis. In essence, it is about contemporary artistic practices, envisioned as new places, without parameters and with particularities that have reached universality.
Table S1. Identification of NlRpn and NlRac sequences in the N. lugens transcriptome from Proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female insect reproduction
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Yang, Rui-Rui
name: Peng, Lu-Yao
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Yao, Yue-Lin
name: Bao, Yan-Yuan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021

description: Non-ATPase regulatory subunits (Rpns) are components of the 26S proteasome involved in polyubiquitinated substrate recognition and deubiquitination in eukaryotes. Here, we identified 15 homologues sequences of Rpn and associated genes by searching the genome and transcriptome databases of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a hemipteran rice pest. Temporospatial analysis showed that NlRpn genes were significantly highly expressed in eggs and ovaries but were less-highly expressed in males. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated depletion of NlRpn genes decreased the proteolytic activity of proteasome and impeded the transcription of lipase and vitellogenin genes in the fat bodies and ovaries in adult females, and reduced the triglyceride content in the ovaries. Decrease of the proteolytic activity of the proteasome via knockdown of NlRpns also inhibited the transcription of halloween genes, including NlCYP307A2, NlCYP306A2 and NlCYP314A1, in the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) biosynthetic pathway in the ovaries, reduced 20E production in adult females, and impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, resulting in reduced fecundity. These novel findings indicate that the proteolytic activity of the proteasome is required for female reproductive processes in N. lugens, thus furthering our understanding of the reproductive and developmental strategies in insects.
EPR argument and Bell inequalities for Bose-Einstein spin condensates
Creators: name: Laloë, Franck
name: Mullin, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of two Bose-Einstein condensates in different spin states, represented quantum mechanically by a double Fock state. Individual measurements of the spins of the particles are performed in transverse directions (perpendicular to the spin quantization axis), giving access to the relative phase of the two macroscopically occupied states. Before the first spin measurement, the phase is completely undetermined; after a few measurements, a more and more precise knowledge of its value emerges under the effect of the quantum measurement process. This naturally leads to the usual notion of a quasi-classical phase (Anderson phase) and to an interesting transposition of the EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) argument to macroscopic physical quantities. The purpose of this article is to discuss this transposition, as well as situations where the notion of a quasi-classical phase is no longer sufficient to account for the quantum results, and where significant violations of Bell type inequalities are predicted.
description: a few misprints corrected, a reference added. This is the published version
Energy-efficient Deployment of Relay Nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks using Evolutionary Techniques
Creators: name: Ayinde, Babajide O.
name: Hashim, Hashim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Random deployment of sensor nodes is susceptible to initial communication hole, even when the network is densely populated. However, eliminating holes using structural deployment poses its difficulties. In either case, the resulting coverage holes can degrade overall network performance and lifetime. Many solutions utilizing Relay Nodes (RNs) have been proposed to alleviate this problem. In this regard, one of the recent solutions proposed using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) to deploy RNs. This paper proposes RN deployment using two other evolutionary techniques - Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Differential Evolution (DE) and compares them with existing solution that uses ABC. These popular optimization tools are deployed to optimize the positions of relay nodes for lifetime maximization. Proposed algorithms guarantee satisfactory RNs utilization while maintaining desired connectivity level. It is shown that DE-based deployment improves the network lifetime better than other optimization heuristics considered.
description: Int J Wireless Inf Networks (2018)
title: 03_0009
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Adaptive memoization
Creators: name: Acar, Umut A.
name: Blelloch, Guy E.
name: Harper, Robert
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "We combine adaptivity and memoization to obtain an incremental computation technique that dramatically improves performance over adaptivity and memoization alone. The key contribution is adaptive memoization, which enables result re-use by matching any subset of the function arguments to a previous function call and updating the result to satisfy the unmatched arguments via adaptivity. We study the technique in the context of a purely functional language, called IFL, and as an ML library. The library provides an efficient implementation of our techniques with constant overhead. As examples, we consider Quicksort and Insertion Sort. We show that Quicksort handles insertions or deletions at random positions in the input list in O(log n) expected time. For insertion sort, we show that insertions and deletions anywhere in the list take O(n) time."
La educación en los territorios indígenas desde la perspectiva de las tensiones entre contratación pública y derecho a la libre determinación de los pueblos indígenas
Creators: name: Guerrero Hoyos, Luis Felipe
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Educación - Aspectos jurídicos
subject: Contratos públicos
subject: Pueblo - Indígenas
subject: Educación
subject: Libre determinación
subject: Contratación
subject: Tensiones
subject: Autonomía

description: Este texto desarrolla un análisis interesante sobre cómo la falta de regulación en la creación de entidades territoriales indígenas en Colombia ha tenido un impacto negativo en los derechos colectivos y la autonomía de estos pueblos. Se enfoca particularmente en el ámbito educativo, donde surgen tensiones entre el régimen de contratación pública para la prestación de servicios educativos en territorios indígenas y su derecho a la libre determinación. El estudio se centra en el análisis normativo y jurisprudencial para identificar las principales tensiones entre el régimen actual de contratación educativa en territorios indígenas y las competencias en educación otorgadas a las entidades territoriales. Se busca concluir cómo estas tensiones representan un obstáculo para el pleno ejercicio de la libre determinación de los pueblos indígenas.
description: This paper develops an interesting analysis of how the lack of regulation in the creation of indigenous territorial entities in Colombia has had a negative impact on the collective rights and autonomy of these peoples. It focuses particularly on education, where tensions arise between the system of public procurement for the provision of education services in indigenous territories and the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples. The study focuses on normative and jurisprudential analysis to identify the main tensions between the current system of educational recruitment in indigenous territories and the educational competences granted to territorial entities. It seeks to conclude how these tensions constitute an obstacle to the full exercise of self-determination by indigenous peoples.
Additional file 2 of Applying the RE-AIM implementation framework to evaluate fall prevention interventions in community dwelling adults with cognitive impairment: a review and secondary analysis
Creators: name: Racey, M.
name: Markle-Reid, M.
name: Fitzpatrick-Lewis, D.
name: Ali, M. U.
name: Gagné, H.
name: Hunter, S.
name: Ploeg, J.
name: Sztramko, R.
name: Harrison, L.
name: Lewis, R.
name: Jovkovic, M.
name: Sherifali, D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
The Attributes of Reconciling Canada-Saudi Arabia Diplomatic Relations following the August 2018 Dispute, while Navigating the Light-Armoured Vehicle (LAV) Deal
Creators: name: Dufour, Dominique
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2022

description: Bilateral relations between Ottawa and Riyadh are important to Canada. Since the inception of its diplomatic ties in 1974, Canada has sought to maintain a cordial relationship with the Saudi Kingdom, in order to sustain its primary interests in promoting security and stabilization in the Middle East, as well as strengthen its commercial ties with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to a lesser extent, the rest of the Arab Gulf states. In 2015, the Liberal government recognized that despite its Party’s initial controversial views of the Light-Armoured Vehicle (LAV)/General Dynamics Land Systems Canada (GDLS-C)-Saudi Contract (LAV Deal), the contract not only aligned with Canada’s aforementioned strategic interests in the region, but was also beneficial for the Canadian Defence Industry. However, it was the House of Saud’s strong reaction to the Canadian Foreign Ministry’s public criticism of Saudi Arabia’s deplorable human rights record in August 2018, and the resultant increasing domestic pressures for Canada to uphold the principle of promoting and protecting human rights, after the murder of Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018, that caused the Canadian government to seek to find the best course of action to take moving forward, to ensure a sound decision was made regarding Canada’s relationship with Saudi Arabia and the competing interests at stake relating to the LAV deal. This Policy Paper focuses on the Canada-Saudi Arabia dispute of August 2018, and provides recommendations on how the Canadian government can reconcile its diplomatic relations with the Saudi Kingdom as an act of public policy, when there are competing interests at stake and divergent opinions regarding the controversial LAV deal.
Classification of the quantum chaos in colored Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models
Creators: name: Sun, Fadi
name: Yi-Xiang, Yu
name: Ye, Jinwu
name: Liu, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The random matrix theory (RMT) can be used to classify both topological phases of matter and quantum chaos. We develop a systematic and transformative RMT to classify the quantum chaos in the colored Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model first introduced by Gross and Rosenhaus. Here we focus on the 2-colored case and 4-colored case with balanced number of Majorana fermion $N$. By identifying the maximal symmetries, the independent parity conservation sectors, the minimum (irreducible) Hilbert space, and especially the relevant anti-unitary and unitary operators, we show that the color degree of freedoms lead to novel quantum chaotic behaviours. When $N$ is odd, different symmetry operators need to be constructed to make the classifications complete. The 2-colored case only show 3-fold Wigner-Dyson way, and the 4-colored case show 10-fold generalized Wigner-Dyson way which may also have non-trivial edge exponents. We also study 2- and 4-colored hybrid SYK models which display many salient quantum chaotic features hidden in the corresponding pure SYK models. These features motivate us to develop a systematic RMT to study the energy level statistics of 2 or 4 un-correlated random matrix ensembles. The exact diagonalizations are performed to study both the bulk energy level statistics and the edge exponents and find excellent agreements with our exact maximal symmetry classifications. Our complete and systematic methods can be easily extended to study the generic imbalanced cases. They may be transferred to the classifications of colored tensor models, quantum chromodynamics with pairings across different colors, quantum black holes and interacting symmetry protected (or enriched) topological phases.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, REVTEX, Accepted by Phys. Rev. D