A collection of bacterial isolates from the pig intestine reveals functional and taxonomic diversity
Creators: name: Wylensek, David
name: Hitch, Thomas C. A.
name: Riedel, Thomas
name: Afrizal, Afrizal
name: Kumar, Neeraj
name: Wortmann, Esther
name: Liu, Tianzhe
name: Devendran, Saravanan
name: Lesker, Till R.
name: Hernández, Sara B.
name: Heine, Viktoria
name: Buhl, Eva M.
name: D’Agostino, Paul
name: Cumbo, Fabio
name: Fischöder, Thomas
name: Wyschkon, Marzena
name: Looft, Torey
name: Parreira, Valeria R.
name: Abt, Birte
name: Doden, Heidi L.
name: Ly, Lindsey
name: Alves, João M. P.
name: Reichlin, Markus
name: Flisikowski, Krzysztof
name: Suarez, Laura Navarro
name: Neumann, Anthony P.
name: Suen, Garret
name: Wouters, Tomas De
name: Rohn, Sascha
name: Lagkouvardos, Ilias
name: Allen-Vercoe, Emma
name: Spröer, Cathrin
name: Bunk, Boyke
name: Taverne-Thiele, Anja J.
name: Giesbers, Marcel
name: Wells, Jerry M.
name: Neuhaus, Klaus
name: Schnieke, Angelika
name: Cava, Felipe
name: Segata, Nicola
name: Elling, Lothar
name: Strowig, Till
name: Ridlon, Jason M.
name: Gulder, Tobias A. M.
name: Overmann, Jörg
name: Clavel, Thomas
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: bacterial genomics
subject: genomics
subject: metagenomics
subject: microbiome
subject: Phylogeny

description: Our knowledge about the gut microbiota of pigs is still scarce, despite the importance of these animals for biomedical research and agriculture. Here, we present a collection of cultured bacteria from the pig gut, including 110 species across 40 families and nine phyla. We provide taxonomic descriptions for 22 novel species and 16 genera. Meta-analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequence data and metagenome-assembled genomes reveal prevalent and pig-specific species within Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, and several new genera described in this study. Potentially interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a fucosyltransferase encoded in the genome of the novel species Clostridium porci, and prevalent gene clusters for biosynthesis of sactipeptide-like peptides. Many strains deconjugate primary bile acids in in vitro assays, and a Clostridium scindens strain produces secondary bile acids via dehydroxylation. In addition, cells of the novel species Bullifex porci are coccoidal or spherical under the culture conditions tested, in contrast with the usual helical shape of other members of the family Spirochaetaceae. The strain collection, called ‘Pig intestinal bacterial collection’ (PiBAC), is publicly available at www.dsmz.de/pibac and opens new avenues for functional studies of the pig gut microbiota. The authors present a public collection of 117 bacterial isolates from the pig gut, including the description of 38 novel taxa. Interesting functions discovered in these organisms include a new fucosyltransferease and sactipeptide-like molecules encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters.