Cardiodactylus sumba Robillard & Gorochov & Poulain & Suhardjono 2014, n. sp.
Creators: name: Robillard, Tony
name: Gorochov, Andrej V.
name: Poulain, Simon
name: Suhardjono, Yayuk R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Haglotettigoniidae
Cardiodactylus
Cardiodactylus sumba

description: Cardiodactylus sumba Robillard, n. sp.
(Figs 4, 6J, 10G, 12F, 13Q, 15G, 52, 53, 54)
Type material. Male holotype: Indonesia. East Nusa Tenggara Province, Sumba, Laiwangi-Wanggameti National Park, près du village de Praingkareha, 10°01'11.7"S 120°03'22.9"E, 340 m, 15–18.VI.2010, mort en élevage (TR265), T. Robillard (MZB). Female allotype: same information as HT (TR303) (MZB). Paratypes (7♂, 7♀): same information as HT, 15–18.VI.2010, mort en élevage, T. Robillard: 1♂ (TR298) (MZB); 3♀, (TR264- 266) (MZB); 1♀, souche élevage (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3657); 2♂, souche élevage, enregistrement appel (MNHN-EO-ENSIF 3658-3659); 1♂ (TR297), 1♀ (TR303) (ZIN). Sumba, Laiwangi-Wanggameti National Park, près du village de Praingkareha, forêt sur pente à l'E du camp, 10° 00' 59,8"S 120°03'36,5"E, 425 m (GPS6), T. Robillard: 15–18.VI.2010, nuit, 2♂ (TR246-247), zone ouverte, sur plante (h = 80 cm), enregistrement appel (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3660-3661); 17.VI.2010, nuit, 1♀ (TR276), sur arbuste (h = 1m) (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3662). Sumba, Laiwangi-Wanggameti National Park, près du village de Praingkareha, forêt karstique au S du camp, 10°02'02,9"S 120°03'28,3"E, 539 m (GPS7), T. Robillard: 16.VI.2010, nuit, 1♂ (TR257), sur arbuste épineux en bord de sentier (h = 1.1 m), enregistrement appel (MNHN-EO-ENSIF3663); 1♀ (TR251), sur branche (h = 2 m) (MZB).
Type locality. Indonesia, Sumba, Laiwangi-Wanggameti National Park.
Other material examined. Indonesia. East Nusa Tenggara Province, O. Soemba [West Sumba], Kananggar [village], 700 m, V.1925, 1♂ (MNHN). N. W. Soemba [Sumba], Laora [village], 100 m, IV.1925, 1♀ (MNHN). Sumba, Laiwangi-Wanggameti National Park, près du village de Praingkareha, 10°01'11.7"S 120°03'22.9"E, 340 m (Sumba camp), 15–18.VI.2010, mort en élevage, T. Robillard: 4 juveniles (TR346, 347, 449, 450) (MZB); 4 juveniles (TR299-301, TR448) (MNHN).
Etymology. Named after the type locality.
Distribution. Indonesia, south of Sumba Island.
Diagnosis. Species of average to large size, general coloration yellow brown with lighter patterns, with a wide yellow band posterior to mirror, characterized by male genitalia with folded asymetrical dorsal ridges close to C. kotandora n. sp. Distinctive mono-syllabic calling song with a very indented amplitude pattern.
Description. Average to large size for the species group, stocky shape (Fig. 52A–D). General coloration yellow brown, little contrasted. Head dorsum yellow brown with 4 faint brown bands including 2 complete lateral ones fused to the dark brown coloration of the fastigium, and 2 median punctuated bands; area posterior to eyes yellow brown with 2 short dark brown lines (Fig. 6J). Scapes yellow brown, with a transverse dark brown band. Antennae orange brown to dark brown. Front part of fastigium yellow, sometimes with 2 dark brown spots. Lateral side of head mostly yellow brown, with orange brown areas posterior to eyes. Face homogeneously gray brown. Mouthparts yellow brown to whitish; insertion of mandibles black. Maxillary palpi yellow brown or orange brown, apex dark brown. Pronotum: Dorsal disk almost completely yellow brown with few dark brown spots; posterior edge mottled with dark brown. Lateral lobes mostly dark brown, ventral margin yellow brown. Legs I–II yellow brown, femora with faint orange brown spots and tibiae with rings. Tarsomeres I–II-1 yellow brown, apex brown. FIII homogeneously orange brown; knees dark brown; TIII dark brown with faint yellow brown rings. Tarsomeres III-1 orange brown, their apex slightly darker. Hind wing tail short, gray brown. Cerci orange brown, faintly mottled with dark brown. Abdomen mostly orange brown to dark brown. Subgenital plate yellow brown.
Male: FW coloration with yellow brown areas including bases of anal veins and anterior half of CuA (Fig. 10G). Whitish areas include harp veins, part of chords and a thin transverse band posterior to mirror. Two black spots near bases of 1A and 2A. Bases of chords and posterior part of diagonal orange brown. Apex of apical field grayish brown. M/R/Sc area and cells dark brown, apex of Sc whitish. Projections of Sc and more ventral veins of lateral field whitish. FW venation (Fig. 10G): 1A slightly bisinuated. Stridulatory file with about 220 teeth on the transverse and longitudinal parts of 1A, without discontinuity at the level of the angle, and 20–30 more teeth on top of a bump near 1A base (see Table 14, n = 2). CuP present basally. Harp with 2 w-shaped veins. Mirror area: mirror (d1) variable, generally oval, crossed by longitudinal and transverse veins; d2 as wide as mirror. Cell e1 crossed at mid-length by an accessory vein. Apical field with 5 cell alignments posterior to mirror (n = 5). Lateral field with 8 projections of Sc (n = 5) and 4–5 ventral veins (m = 4; n = 5).
Male genitalia (Fig. 52E–G): Pseudepiphallus shaped as a wide gutter. Apex of dorsal ridges setose, folded laterally, slightly asymmetrical, the left one larger than the right. Dorsal ridges almost convex in lateral view. Pseudepiphallic sclerite with wide triangular anterior expansions, the membrane between them setose. Posterior pseudepiphallic apex rounded, with a small rounded translucent area with a median sclerotization. Rami with short convergent apical stems. Ectophallic arc complete, without posterior expansion. Ectophallic fold with strong lateral sclerites; apex trilobate, membranous, median lobe oval. Endophallic sclerite long, with a triangular posterior expansion and long lateral arms. Endophallic apodeme with a dorsal crest and wide lateral lamellas. Membrane of endophallic cavity finely plicate.
Female: FW coloration dark brown with orange brown to gray brown veins (Fig. 12F). Base of FWs yellow brown, including bases of anal veins, CuA and M. CuP strong, orange brown. CuA/M area dark brown, with a yellowish area near FW mid-length. R/Sc area and veins dark brown, apex of Sc whitish, its projections and more ventral veins whitish, the cells between them dark brown. Variation: dark brown area with whitish veins sometimes present in the third quarter of FW. FW venation (Fig. 12F): 11–14 (m = 12.2, n = 5) strong longitudinal veins on dorsal field; lateral field with 9–11 (m = 10.4, n = 5) longitudinal veins including 5–7 projections of Sc and 4–5 ventral veins. Ovipositor of average length, apex with both dorsal and ventral edges denticulate (Fig. 13Q).
Female genitalia (Fig. 15G): Copulatory papilla elongated with baso-lateral sclerites; apex rounded and slightly sclerotized, folded ventrally.
Juvenile: Light grayish brown, head with same patterns of coloration as adults.
Measurements. See Table 14.
Habitat and life history traits. Cardiodactylus sumba is a nocturnal species living both in forested areas and in or near secondary habitats such as bushes and hedges. Males produce calling songs at night, from tree branches and leaves (Fig. 53). During the day, couples have been observed mating under the bark of trees. Juveniles are found day and night on low vegetation.
Behavior. Calling song (Fig. 54): High speed video observations at 1250 frames per second show that each calling song of C. sumba corresponds to only one FW closure (1 syllable), the gaps within the syllables being made by the jerking movement of the FW closure. At 20.5°C, these mono-syllabic calling songs have the following characteristics: syllable duration = 319 ± 29 ms; syllable period = 3.2 ± 0.8 s; syllable duty cycle = 9.9 %. The power spectrum consists of a broad band dominating at 11.74 ± 0.20 kHz with no harmonic structure, suggesting that the system is not sustained as usually in crickets.
description: Published as part of Robillard, Tony, Gorochov, Andrej V., Poulain, Simon & Suhardjono, Yayuk R., 2014, Revision of the cricket genus Cardiodactylus (Orthoptera, Eneopterinae, Lebinthini): the species from both sides of the Wallace line, with description of 25 new species, pp. 1-104 in Zootaxa 3854 (1) on pages 89-93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3854.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4929336