cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enterovirus infection disrupts homeostasis in the gut-pancreas axis to promote type 1 diabetes onset
Creators: name: Morse, Zachary James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Autoimmune disorders like type 1 diabetes (T1D) are complex diseases caused by numerous factors including both genetic variance and environmental factors. Two such factors, enterovirus infection and disruption of the intestinal microbiota, have been independently associated with T1D onset in both humans and animal models. Existing research has established a gut-pancreas interaction that links dysbiosis and inflammatory events within the gastro-intestinal (GI) environment to pancreatic immune homeostasis. Thus, I hypothesized that modulation of gut homeostasis due to infection with a T1D-associated virus, coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) can shape autoreactive potential and pathology within the islet microenvironment. To determine the link between virus infection and the microbiome, non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were infected with CVB4 and changes in the microbiome and GI homeostasis were observed. Infection accelerated diabetes autoimmunity and caused restructuring of intestinal microbial community composition as well as alteration of intestinal physiology exhibited by eroded mucosal barriers, increased intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, and modulation of anti-commensal bacteria antibody production. These findings support an overlap in known environmental risk factors of T1D and suggest that microbiome disruption and impaired intestinal homeostasis contribute to CVB-enhanced autoreactivity and T1D. Commensal microbes influence host immunity through production of small molecule metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to skew host immunity. Targeted metabolomics and supplementation of mice with exogenous SCFAs prior to CVB4 infection determined both how virus infection modifies the functional activity of the microbiome as well as the ability of bacterial metabolites to affect virus-accelerated diabetes. Collectively, these results suggest bacteria-produced metabolites may protect from virus-induced diabetes autoimmunity. The events within pancreatic tissues leading to T1D are not entirely understood and disruption of immune homeostasis within the pancreas is detrimental for T1D development. Flow cytometry was used to characterize how infection with CVB4 can alter immune profiles in the islets to promote inflammation and destruction of the insulin-secreting beta cells leading to T1D onset. Ultimately, CVB4 infection promoted autoreactive tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells to invade the islet microenvironment, suggesting this cell population represents a particularly pathogenic T cell subset that contributes to diabetes autoimmunity in NOD mice.
Protecting human subjects in an open data repository
Creators: name: Hull, Elizabeth A.
name: Clary, Erin
name: Kameny, Rebecca
name: Fagan, Debra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Data sharing, privacy,, data curation, personal data, open data

description: Presented at SciDataCon, 12 September 2016, Denver, CO.
Higgs Boson Exchange Effects in $l^+l^-\to W^+W^-$ at High Energy
Creators: name: Baur, U.
name: Brewer, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the prospects for detecting effects due to the Higgs exchange diagram in high energy mu^+ mu^-$, e^+ e^-, and tau^+ tau^- collisions producing a pair of W bosons. The processes l^+l^- -> W^+W^- (with l=mu,e,tau) are analyzed, analytically and via numerical simulations, to determine the center of mass energy, sqrt{s}_H, where the effects from Higgs exchange become relevant. The scaling of sqrt{s}_H with the mass of the incoming leptons is also studied. Special consideration is given to the W^+W^- -> l^pm} nu_l jj final state after experimental acceptance cuts are imposed. Angular cuts are shown to be able to significantly lower sqrt{s}_H.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, revtex 4
İctimâiyyat Mecmuası
Creators: name: Şentürk, Recep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Mecmua
İctimaiyyat
İctimaiyye
İctihad
İctimâiyyat Mecmuası

description: Ziya Gökalp'in kurduğu İctimaiyyat Darülmesaisi tarafından yayımlanan dergi altı sayı çıkarılmış, darülmesainin faaliyetlerini durdurmasıyla da yayımı sona ermiştir. Müdürlüğünü İstanbul Darülfünunu içtimaiyat müderris muavini Necmeddin Sadık'ın (Sadak) yaptığı mecmua ülkemizde bir enstitünün çıkardığı ilk dergidir. Daha önce Ulum-i İctimaiyye ve İktisadiyye Mecmuası adıyla bir dergi yayımlanmakla birlikte ( 1908- 1911) bu dergi iktisat ağırlıklı olmuş. İctimaiyyat Mecmuası sosyoloji alanında yayımlanan ilk dergi sayılmıştır. Ziya Gökalp, o devirde ismi yeni duyulan sosyoloji ilmi çalışmalarına ilk olarak 1911 yılında Selanik'te İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti'nin merkezinde başlamıştır. ittihat ve Terakki'nin büyük desteğini gören Gökalp, 1914'te İstanbul Darülfünunu'nda İçtimaiyat Bölümü'nü açmış, 1911 yılında İçtimaiyat Darülmesaisi'ni kurmuş, böylece sosyolojinin toplumun meselelerine ilmi çözümler getireceği inancını yaymaya çalışmıştır.
Additional file 1 of Overconfidence and the adoption of robo-advice: why overconfident investors drive the expansion of automated financial advice
Creators: name: Piehlmaier, Dominik M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information and Results.
Asymptotic Capacity and Optimal Precoding in MIMO Multi-Hop Relay Networks
Creators: name: Fawaz, Nadia
name: Zarifi, Keyvan
name: Debbah, Merouane
name: Gesbert, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A multi-hop relaying system is analyzed where data sent by a multi-antenna source is relayed by successive multi-antenna relays until it reaches a multi-antenna destination. Assuming correlated fading at each hop, each relay receives a faded version of the signal from the previous level, performs linear precoding and retransmits it to the next level. Using free probability theory and assuming that the noise power at relaying levels-- but not at destination-- is negligible, the closed-form expression of the asymptotic instantaneous end-to-end mutual information is derived as the number of antennas at all levels grows large. The so-obtained deterministic expression is independent from the channel realizations while depending only on channel statistics. Moreover, it also serves as the asymptotic value of the average end-to-end mutual information. The optimal singular vectors of the precoding matrices that maximize the average mutual information with finite number of antennas at all levels are also provided. It turns out that the optimal precoding singular vectors are aligned to the eigenvectors of the channel correlation matrices. Thus they can be determined using only the known channel statistics. As the optimal precoding singular vectors are independent from the system size, they are also optimal in the asymptotic regime.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, December 2008
Authorship in Scientific and Academic Research
Publisher: name: National Center for Professional and Research Ethics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Year: 2012
Subjects: Research Ethics
Publication Ethics
Collaboration
Intellectual Property and Patents
Authorship

description: An article by Ken Pimple discussing ethical issues in authorship, discussing the norms of authorship, good practices when collaborating on writing a research article, and how to distribute credit.
Surveying Nearby Galaxies with Roman
Creators: name: Williams, Ben
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Connecting the near-field and deep-field view of galaxy formation

description: I will discuss how the Nearby Galaxies Science Investigation Team (WINGS) is working to optimize the impact of the Roman Space Telescope on the study of nearby galaxies. Roman will be capable of mapping galaxy halo structures down to extremely faint surface brightness limits using individual stars. The resulting maps of stellar halos and accreting dwarf companions will provide stringent tests of galaxy formation and dark matter models on galactic (and even sub-galactic) scales. Roman's maps of galaxy halos will simultaneously produce photometry for billions of stars in the main bodies of galaxies within 10 Mpc. These data will transform studies of star formation histories that track stellar mass growth as a function of time and position within a galaxy. They also will constrain critical stellar evolution models of the near-infrared bright, rapidly evolving stars that can contribute significantly to the integrated light of galaxies in the near-infrared. Thus, with Roman we can derive the detailed formation and evolution of stellar halos, reconstruct the complete history of star formation in the nearby universe, and put crucial constraints on the theoretical models used to interpret near-infrared extragalactic observations.
Properties of Graphene: A Theoretical Perspective
Creators: name: Abergel, D. S. L.
name: Apalkov, V.
name: Berashevich, J.
name: Ziegler, K.
name: Chakraborty, Tapash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review, we provide an in-depth description of the physics of monolayer and bilayer graphene from a theorist's perspective. We discuss the physical properties of graphene in an external magnetic field, reflecting the chiral nature of the quasiparticles near the Dirac point with a Landau level at zero energy. We address the unique integer quantum Hall effects, the role of electron correlations, and the recent observation of the fractional quantum Hall effect in the monolayer graphene. The quantum Hall effect in bilayer graphene is fundamentally different from that of a monolayer, reflecting the unique band structure of this system. The theory of transport in the absence of an external magnetic field is discussed in detail, along with the role of disorder studied in various theoretical models. We highlight the differences and similarities between monolayer and bilayer graphene, and focus on thermodynamic properties such as the compressibility, the plasmon spectra, the weak localization correction, quantum Hall effect, and optical properties. Confinement of electrons in graphene is nontrivial due to Klein tunneling. We review various theoretical and experimental studies of quantum confined structures made from graphene. The band structure of graphene nanoribbons and the role of the sublattice symmetry, edge geometry and the size of the nanoribbon on the electronic and magnetic properties are very active areas of research, and a detailed review of these topics is presented. Also, the effects of substrate interactions, adsorbed atoms, lattice defects and doping on the band structure of finite-sized graphene systems are discussed. We also include a brief description of graphane -- gapped material obtained from graphene by attaching hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom in the lattice.
description: 189 pages. submitted in Advances in Physics
Magnon BEC in superfluid 3He-A
Creators: name: Bunkov, Yu. M.
name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new mode of magnetization precession in superfluid 3He-A in a squeezed aerogel has been recently reported. We consider this mode in terms of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of magnons. The difference between magnon BEC states in 3He-A and in 3He-B is discussed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, JETP Letters style, published version
Moral Sanctions and their limits for social and behavioral research with human subjects
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2003
Subjects: Research Ethics
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Human Subjects Research

description: An exploration of the morally relevant ways in which studying people is like and unlike those primordial, fundamental human activities, sanctioned by the very nature of human beings and human society, simply watching and talking with them. Along with timeless moral considerations, some historical and technological constraints on current practice will be described.
Spin polarization control by electric stirring: proposal for a spintronic device
Creators: name: Pershin, Yu. V.
name: Sinitsyn, N. A.
name: Kogan, A.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Smith, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a spintronic device to generate spin polarization in a mesoscopic region by purely electric means. We show that the spin Hall effect in combination with the stirring effect are sufficient to induce measurable spin polarization in a closed geometry. Our device structure does not require the application of magnetic fields, external radiation or ferromagnetic leads, and can be implemented in standard semiconducting materials.
Evidence for strong effect of quenched correlated disorder on phase separation and magnetism in (La_{1-y}Pr_{y})_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3
Creators: name: Pomjakushin, V. Yu.
name: Sheptyakov, D. V.
name: Pomjakushina, E. V.
name: Conder, K.
name: Balagurov, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution neutron diffraction shows that the mesoscopic separation into ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) phases and the FM transition temperature T_C in the perovskite manganite (La_{1-y}Pr_{y})_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3 strongly depend on the quenched correlated disorder. The different disorder strengths are achieved by different procedures of the sample synthesis and quantitatively characterized by the micro-strain-type diffraction peak broadening. The system shifts to predominantly one phase state with smaller T_C as the correlated disorder strength is decreased supporting the viewpoint that the origin of phase separation in the indicated manganite system is the correlated quenched disorder. The ground state of an ultimately chemically homogeneous sample is FM-like containing about 20% of the AFM minority phase. This FM-like state can be readily transformed to the AFM-like one having <20% of FM-phase by the decreasing of the effective charge carrier bandwidth via oxygen isotope substitution.
description: 6 pages
Electronic structure and Jahn-Teller effect in GaN:Mn and ZnS:Cr
Creators: name: Virot, F.
name: Hayn, R.
name: Boukortt, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an ab-initio and analytical study of the Jahn-Teller effect in two diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) with d4 impurities, namely Mn-doped GaN and Cr-doped ZnS. We show that only the combined treatment of Jahn-Teller distortion and strong electron correlation in the 3d shell may lead to the correct insulating electronic structure. Using the LSDA+U approach we obtain the Jahn-Teller energy gain in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. The ab-initio results are completed by a more phenomenological ligand field theory.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Influence of Magnetism on Phonons in CaFe2As2 Via Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Creators: name: Hahn, S. E.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Ni, N.
name: Alatas, A.
name: Leu, B. M.
name: Chung, D. Y.
name: Todorov, I. S.
name: Alp, E. E.
name: Kanatzidis, M. G.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Goldman, A. I.
name: McQueeney, R. J.
name: Harmon, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the iron pnictides, the strong sensitivity of the iron magnetic moment to the arsenic position suggests a significant relationship between phonons and magnetism. We measured the phonon dispersion of several branches in the high temperature tetragonal phase of CaFe2As2 using inelastic x-ray scattering on single-crystal samples. These measurements were compared to ab initio calculations of the phonons. Spin polarized calculations imposing the antiferromagnetic order present in the low temperature orthorhombic phase dramatically improve agreement between theory and experiment. This is discussed in terms of the strong antiferromagnetic correlations that are known to persist in the tetragonal phase.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; added additional information and references about spin fluctuations
Passive morphing of the avian propatagium across wing range of motion
Creators: name: Ciocca, Francesca
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The ability of birds to change their wing shape allows them to perform complex aerial behaviours. This mechanism, known as wing morphing, affords control over efficiency, stability, and maneuverability during flight. Previous comparative work has shown that dynamic, rather than static, metrics of wing shape are associated with flight behaviour, implying that diverse ecological pressures have caused interspecific variation in wing morphing capacity. However, one aspect of wing morphing has received little attention in the flight biomechanics literature: the propatagium. This region of skin, muscles, and tendons between the shoulder and the wrist has been hypothesized to generate more lift than the skeletal and feather components of the wing, and adjustments to its shape and surface area could affect aerodynamic forces experienced by the bird. Although the propatagium has been informally observed to change shape during wing flexion and extension, its morphing has never been quantified. Here I described how 3D propatagium morphology changes over the wing’s range of motion and across 14 avian species. Propatagium shape was significantly affected by both elbow and wrist angles, but to varying degrees, suggesting an interactive mechanism of skeletal control. Static propatagium shape showed strong phylogenetic signal, but dynamic morphing metrics were not strongly influenced by phylogeny, implying that propatagial morphing, like wing range of motion itself, may instead relate to other factors like flight ecology. Quantification of these metrics provides a basis for further comparative work on dynamic propatagium morphology, as well as investigation of the propatagium’s aerodynamic properties.
Supplementary document for Co-modulation of structural and pigmentary coloration in Lyropteryx apollonia butterfly - 6605283.pdf
Creators: name: Guidetti, Giulia
name: Kim, Taehoon
name: dutcher, Audrey
name: Presti, Marco Lo
name: Snider, Nicholas Ostrovsky
name: Omenetto, Fiorenzo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary Information
Trends in Racial and Ethnic Diversity of Ophthalmology Residents and Residency Applicants
Creators: name: Canner, Joseph
name: Knight, O'Rese J
name: Woreta, Fasika
name: Aguwa, Ugochi T
name: Srikumaran, Divya
name: Scott, Adrienne W
name: Green, Laura
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description:
PURPOSE: The proportions of individuals who are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in ophthalmology lag behind their proportions within the US population. Diversity trends have been studied in other specialties, but literature examining trends in ophthalmology is lacking. In this study, we investigate trends in the racial and ethnic demographics of ophthalmology residents and residency applicants. DESIGN: Trend study. METHODS: Demographic data of all residency programs across all specialties were extracted from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education yearly reports from 2011 to 2019. Data from 2016 to 2019 on ophthalmology match applicants were analyzed using the 2020 Ophthalmology Residency Match Summary Report and the 2020 Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology Residency Gender & Ethnicity Summary. Linear trends were examined by the Cochran-Armitage test. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2019, the raw percentage of URiM ophthalmology residents increased from 4.7% (66/1419) to 5.8% (85/1473) (P < .001) whereas that of surgical specialties decreased from 9.9% (2164/21,967) to 9.1% (2370/26,082) (P < .001). The percentage of URiM ophthalmology match applicants increased from 5.9% (43/726) of all applicants to 11.8% (87/741) from 2016 to 2019 (P < .001), and the percentage of URiMs matching into ophthalmology increased from 4.9% (23/467) of all participants to 10.8% (52/484) from 2016 to 2019 (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Although there has been a positive trend in the percentage of URiMs applying and matching into ophthalmology, a lack of racial and ethnic diversity relative to other specialties persists. Strategies are needed to increase diversity in the field.
Nonperturbative m_X cut effects in B -> Xs l+ l- observables
Creators: name: Lee, Keith S. M.
name: Tackmann, Frank J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was shown that in inclusive B -> Xs l+ l- decay, an angular decomposition provides three independent (q^2 dependent) observables. A strategy was formulated to extract all measurable Wilson coefficients in B -> Xs l+ l- from a few simple integrals of these observables in the low q^2 region. The experimental measurements in the low q^2 region require a cut on the hadronic invariant mass, which introduces a dependence on nonperturbative b quark distribution functions. The associated hadronic uncertainties could potentially limit the sensitivity of these decays to new physics. We compute the nonperturbative corrections to all three observables at leading and subleading order in the power expansion in Λ_QCD/m_b. We find that the subleading power corrections give sizeable corrections, of order -5% to -10% depending on the observable and the precise value of the hadronic mass cut. They cause a shift of order -0.05 GeV^2 to -0.1 GeV^2 in the zero of the forward-backward asymmetry.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, v2: corrected typos and Eq. (25), v3: journal version
Constraint Minimum Vertex Cover in K Partite Graph, Approximation Algorithm and Complexity Analysis
Creators: name: Biswas, Kamanashis
name: Harun, S. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generally, a graph G, an independent set is a subset S of vertices in G such that no two vertices in S are adjacent (connected by an edge) and a vertex cover is a subset S of vertices such that each edge of G has at least one of its endpoints in S. Again, the minimum vertex cover problem is to find a vertex cover with the smallest number of vertices. This study shows that the constrained minimum vertex cover problem in k-partite graph (MIN CVCK) is NP-Complete which is an important property of k partite graph. Many combinatorial problems on general graphs are NP-complete, but when restricted to k partite graph with at most k vertices then many of these problems can be solved in polynomial time. This paper also illustrates an approximation algorithm for MIN CVCK and analyzes its complexity. In future work section, we specified a number of dimensions which may be interesting for the researchers such as developing algorithm for maximum matching and polynomial algorithm for constructing k-partite graph from general graph.
description: 5 Pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact factor 0.423, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Opicapone: a review in Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Scott, Lesley J.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine

description: Declarations Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and Conflict of interest Lesley Scott is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable

Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

Abstract Oral opicapone (Ongentys®), a potent third-generation, peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, is approved in several countries for use as adjunctive therapy to preparations of levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor (L-dopa/DDCI) in adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and end-of dose (EoD) motor fluctuations; specific indications vary between individual countries. In pivotal global, randomized, controlled trials (BIPARK 1 and BIPARK 2; 14–15 weeks’ duration), open-label extensions (OLEs) of BIPARK, and in the real-world setting (OPTIPARK; 3–6 months), opicapone 50 mg once daily was an effective and generally well tolerated adjunctive therapy to L-dopa/DDCI plus other PD therapy in adults with PD and EoD motor fluctuations. Adjunctive opicapone provided better efficacy than placebo for improvements in ON- and OFF-state time and fulfilled noninferiority to adjunctive entacapone for improvements in OFF time in the clinical trial setting. These beneficial effects of adjunctive opicapone on motor fluctuations were maintained during 1 year of treatment in OLE studies. Given its efficacy and safety profile, adjunctive opicapone remains an important option in the management of adults with PD and EoD motor fluctuations who cannot be stabilized on preparations of L-dopa/DDCI.
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
The Alex Saunders Case
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 1999
Subjects: Research Ethics
Social and Behavioral Sciences
Human Subjects Research
Vulnerable Populations
Mentors and Trainees
Informed Consent

description: A case where a student who would like to get a master's degree ends up getting accepted into a Ph.D. psychology program and does not tell her advisor that she does not plan to get the full degree. The second part of the case deals with a problem with consent when observing a child as part of a research study.
Additional file 1 of Perception of community pharmacists about the work process of drug dispensing: a cross-sectional survey study
Creators: name: Santos, Sabrina Cerqueira
name: Rocha, Kérilin Stancine Santos
name: de Araújo, Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto
name: de Souza, Elindayane Vieira
name: Vieira, Lara Joana Santos Caxico
name: dos Santos, Sylmara Nayara Pereira
name: de Lyra Júnior, Divaldo Pereira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Orbital periods of cataclysmic variables identified by the SDSS. VII. Four new eclipsing systems
Creators: name: Southworth, John
name: Copperwheat, C. M.
name: Gansicke, B T
name: Pyrzas, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photometry of nine cataclysmic variable stars identified by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, aimed at measuring the orbital periods of these systems. Four of these objects show deep eclipses, from which we measure their orbital periods. The light curves of three of the eclipsing systems are also analysed using the LCURVE code, and their mass ratios and orbital inclinations determined. SDSS J075059.97+141150.1 has an orbital period of 134.1564 +/- 0.0008 min, making it a useful object with which to investigate the evolutionary processes of cataclysmic variables. SDSS J092444.48+080150.9 has a period of 131.2432 +/- 0.0014 min and is probably magnetic. The white dwarf ingress and egress phases are very deep and short, and there is no clear evidence that this object has an accretion disc. SDSS J115207.00+404947.8 and SDSS J152419.33+220920.1 are nearly identical twins, with periods of 97.5 +/- 0.4 and 93.6 +/- 0.5 min and mass ratios of 0.14 +/- 0.03 and 0.17 +/- 0.03, respectively. Their eclipses have well-defined white dwarf and bright spot ingress and egress features, making them excellent candidates for detailed study. All four of the orbital periods presented here are shorter than the 2-3 hour period gap observed in the known population of cataclysmic variables.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 9 pages, with 10 figures and 5 tables
The Cynthia Lee Case
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research Ethics
Human Subjects Research
Vulnerable Populations
Handling Misconduct Allegations
Informed Consent
Institutional Review Boards

description: When Cynthia talks with a fellow graduate student doing observations at an elementary school, she finds out that her colleague has changed the parameters of her project and is observing students not included in her institutional review board application. What should Cynthia do?
Sediment transport and storage in urban streams
Creators: name: McIntyre, Amy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Sediment pulses into gravel-bed rivers in mountainous basins, such as those found throughout BC, Canada, can alter river systems. Pulses are generated through hillslope erosion, landslides, and debris flows. Human activity such as mining and logging can increase the frequency and magnitude of these events. There is research regarding impacts of increased streamflow on urban river systems, however, there is relatively little research on the impact of increased sediment. Knowing how urban stream channels respond to sediment pulses can help guide stream management and restoration projects. Experiments were conducted using a generic physical model of a gravel bed stream at the University of British Columbia. Three physical model configurations were used: a model of a channelized urban stream; a model of a channelized urban stream with a widened central reach representing a restoration technique; and an urban stream with a widened reach has been reenforced with a layer stabilizing grains on the floodplain surface. Two main experiments were conducted on each configuration, one where sediment was kept constant and a second where sediment pulses were introduced to the channel. Overall, sediment pulses into urban streams result in increased bed elevation and channel flooding localized to the upstream area. The urban channelized stream was resilient to a 25% pulse, whilst widening a reach reduced sediment transport and was unable to cope with any sediment increase. This demonstrates that bank protection would need to be introduced to prevent aggradation even at the background sediment supply rate. The use of additional bank protection increased the resilience of the restored channel to sediment pulses by increasing sediment transport. However, this set up flooded at the 25% pulse. Even with mitigation, the fully channelized urban streams are most resilient to increases in sediment supply.
Global proteomic analysis of extracellular matrix in mouse and human brain highlights relevance to cerebrovascular disease
Creators: name: Pokhilko, Alexandra
name: Brezzo, Gaia
name: Handunnetthi, Lahiru
name: Heilig, Raphael
name: Lennon, Rachel
name: Smith, Colin
name: Allan, Stuart M
name: Granata, Alessandra
name: Sinha, Sanjay
name: Wang, Tao
name: Markus, Hugh S
name: Naba, Alexandra
name: Fischer, Roman
name: Van Agtmael, Tom
name: Horsburgh, Karen
name: Cader, M Zameel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Original Articles
Cerebrovascular
proteome
extracellular matrix
basement membrane
matrisome

description: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key interface between the cerebrovasculature and adjacent brain tissues. Deregulation of the ECM contributes to a broad range of neurological disorders. However, despite this importance, our understanding of the ECM composition remains very limited mainly due to difficulties in its isolation. To address this, we developed an approach to extract the cerebrovascular ECM from mouse and human post-mortem normal brain tissues. We then used mass spectrometry with off-line high-pH reversed-phase fractionation to increase the protein detection. This identified more than 1000 proteins in the ECM-enriched fraction, with > 66% of the proteins being common between the species. We report 147 core ECM proteins of the human brain vascular matrisome, including collagens, laminins, fibronectin and nidogens. We next used network analysis to identify the connection between the brain ECM proteins and cerebrovascular diseases. We found that genes related to cerebrovascular diseases, such as COL4A1, COL4A2, VCAN and APOE were significantly enriched in the cerebrovascular ECM network. This provides unique mechanistic insight into cerebrovascular disease and potential drug targets. Overall, we provide a powerful resource to study the functions of brain ECM and highlight a specific role for brain vascular ECM in cerebral vascular disease.
Additional file 1 of The effect of estrogen on brown adipose tissue activity in male rats
Creators: name: Sievers, W.
name: Kettle, C.
name: Green, R. A.
name: Van Schaik, L.
name: Hale, M. W.
name: Irving, H. R.
name: Whelan, D. R.
name: Rathner, J. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table S1: Mean changes in core temperature, iBAT temperature, heart rate and mean arterial pressure for the present study (Sievers et al.) and Van Schaik et al. (2). A t-test was used to assess statistical difference between means. Mean change in temperatures are represented in the centre column. P-values are reported in the right-most column. n = 6–8.Table S2: Animal research: Reporting of in vivo experiments (ARRIVE) checklist.
Additional file 2 of The effect of estrogen on brown adipose tissue activity in male rats
Creators: name: Sievers, W.
name: Kettle, C.
name: Green, R. A.
name: Van Schaik, L.
name: Hale, M. W.
name: Irving, H. R.
name: Whelan, D. R.
name: Rathner, J. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Individual changes in temperature (Δ Temperature °C) of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) and core, in male rats following injection (time = zero) of estrogen or vehicle. Temperature of iBAT following A IP injection or B ICV injection. Core temperature following C IP injection or D ICV injection. n = 6 for IPcontrol; n = 7 for IP-estrogen and ICV-control; n = 8 for ICV-estrogen. One rat was excluded from the IP-control group due to a procedural error. Two rats were excluded from the ICV-estrogen group due to prolonged (< 7 h) surgical complications experienced.
Novel path towards compact laser ion accelerators for hadron therapy: Tenfold energy increase in laser-driven multi-MeV ion generation using a gas target mixed with submicron clusters
Creators: name: Fukuda, Y.
name: Faenov, A. Ya.
name: Tampo, M.
name: Pikuz, T. A.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Kando, M.
name: Hayashi, Y.
name: Yogo, A.
name: Sakaki, H.
name: Kameshima, T.
name: Pirozhkov, A. S.
name: Ogura, K.
name: Mori, M.
name: Esirkepov, T. Zh.
name: Boldarev, A. S.
name: Gasilov, V. A.
name: Magunov, A. I.
name: Kodama, R.
name: Bolton, P. R.
name: Kato, Y.
name: Tajima, T.
name: Daido, H.
name: Bulanov, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate generation of 10-20 MeV/u ions with a compact 4 TW laser using a gas target mixed with submicron clusters, corresponding to tenfold increase in the ion energies compared to previous experiments with solid targets. It is inferred that the high energy ions are generated due to formation of a strong dipole vortex structure. The demonstrated method has a potential to construct compact and high repetition rate ion sources for hadron therapy and other applications.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Continuous-time quantum walks on the threshold network model
Creators: name: Ide, Yusuke
name: Konno, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that many real world networks have the power-law degree distribution (scale-free property). However there are no rigorous results for continuous-time quantum walks on such realistic graphs. In this paper, we analyze space-time behaviors of continuous-time quantum walks and random walks on the threshold network model which is a reasonable candidate model having scale-free property. We show that the quantum walker exhibits localization at the starting point, although the random walker tends to spread uniformly.
description: 12 pages
MPEC 2023-J164 : S/2006 S 16
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: S/2006 S 16

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Insegnanti e pandemia
Creators: name: Matteucci, Maria Cristina
name: Soncini, Annalisa
name: Floris, Francesca
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2021
Subjects: M-PSI/04 Psicologia dello sviluppo e psicologia dell'educazione

description: A partire da febbraio 2020, l'emergenza sanitaria causata dal COVID-19 ha portato a provvedimenti di contenimento della diffusione del virus con restrizioni della mobilità dei cittadini, confinamento e chiusura delle scuole di ogni ordine e grado su tutto il territorio nazionale. A causa della chiusura delle scuole gli insegnanti hanno dovuto attivare repentinamente modalità di Didattica a Distanza (DaD), senza alcun tipo di preparazione o formazione preliminare. Il presente report illustra i principali risultati di un'indagine svolta durante la chiusura delle scuole che ha coinvolto più di 1000 insegnanti italiani. L'obiettivo era studiare se e come tale richiesta improvvisa di modifiche al proprio lavoro, la mancanza di competenze per l'insegnamento a distanza, unitamente alla condizione di confinamento, abbiano influito sul benessere psicologico e lavorativo e sul senso di autoefficacia degli e delle insegnanti.
Transitions Into and Out of Work: Stay-at-Home Fathers’ Thoughts and Feelings: A Brief Report
Creators: name: Jones, Catherine
name: Wells, Jasmine
name: Imrie, Susan
name: Golombok, Susan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Brief Report
stay-at-home fathers
employment
primary caregiving
fathering
masculinity

description: Funder: ESRC
description: This qualitative study explored how stay-at-home fathers (SAHFs) think and feel about transitioning back into paid employment. Findings from a thematic analysis on interviews with 21 SAHFs in the United Kingdom revealed that many of the SAHFs expected to return to work. However, most of the fathers suggested that this would be part-time, or self-employment, which would allow them to remain highly involved in caregiving, representing their commitment to moving away from the traditional gender roles that are largely evident in parenting. Some fathers expressed a desire to return to the paid workforce whilst others showed apprehension, indicating tensions over negotiating work and care. These findings have practical implications for fathers who are highly involved in caregiving.
A step towards testing general relativity using weak gravitational lensing and redshift surveys
Creators: name: Song, Yong-Seon
name: Doré, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the linear theory of perturbations in General Relativity, we express a set of consistency relations that can be observationally tested with current and future large scale structure surveys. We then outline a stringent model-independent program to test gravity on cosmological scales. We illustrate the feasibility of such a program by jointly using several observables like peculiar velocities, galaxy clustering and weak gravitational lensing. After addressing possible observational or astrophysical caveats like galaxy bias and redshift uncertainties, we forecast in particular how well one can predict the lensing signal from a cosmic shear survey using an over-lapping galaxy survey. We finally discuss the specific physics probed this way and illustrate how $f(R)$ gravity models would fail such a test.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Do school closures and school reopenings affect community transmission of COVID-19? A systematic review of observational studies
Creators: name: Walsh, Sebastian
name: Chowdhury, Avirup
name: Braithwaite, Vickie
name: Russell, Simon
name: Birch, Jack Michael
name: Ward, Joseph L
name: Waddington, Claire
name: Brayne, Carol
name: Bonell, Chris
name: Viner, Russell M
name: Mytton, Oliver T
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Epidemiology
1506
2474
1692
COVID-19
public health
epidemiology

description: Objectives: To systematically reivew the observational evidence of the effect of school closures and school reopenings on SARS-CoV-2 community transmission. Setting: Schools (including early years settings, primary schools and secondary schools). Intervention: School closures and reopenings. Outcome measure: Community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (including any measure of community infections rate, hospital admissions or mortality attributed to COVID-19). Methods: On 7 January 2021, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, the WHO Global COVID-19 Research Database, ERIC, the British Education Index, the Australian Education Index and Google, searching title and abstracts for terms related to SARS-CoV-2 AND terms related to schools or non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool to evaluate bias. Results: We identified 7474 articles, of which 40 were included, with data from 150 countries. Of these, 32 studies assessed school closures and 11 examined reopenings. There was substantial heterogeneity between school closure studies, with half of the studies at lower risk of bias reporting reduced community transmission by up to 60% and half reporting null findings. The majority (n=3 out of 4) of school reopening studies at lower risk of bias reported no associated increases in transmission. Conclusions: School closure studies were at risk of confounding and collinearity from other non-pharmacological interventions implemented around the same time as school closures, and the effectiveness of closures remains uncertain. School reopenings, in areas of low transmission and with appropriate mitigation measures, were generally not accompanied by increasing community transmission. With such varied evidence on effectiveness, and the harmful effects, policymakers should take a measured approach before implementing school closures; and should look to reopen schools in times of low transmission, with appropriate mitigation measures.
Additional file 3 of The effect of estrogen on brown adipose tissue activity in male rats
Creators: name: Sievers, W.
name: Kettle, C.
name: Green, R. A.
name: Van Schaik, L.
name: Hale, M. W.
name: Irving, H. R.
name: Whelan, D. R.
name: Rathner, J. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. Individual changes in heart rate (Δ Heart Rate) and mean arterial pressure (Δ MAP), in male rats following injection (time = zero) of estrogen or vehicle. Heart rate following A IP injection or B ICV injection. Mean arterial pressure following C IP injection or D ICV injection. n = 6 for IP-control; n = 7 for IP-estrogen and ICV-control; n = 8 for ICV-estrogen. One rat was excluded from the IP-control group due to a procedural error. Two rats were excluded from the ICV-estrogen group due to prolonged (< 7 h) surgical complications experienced.
“If we can show that we are helping adolescents to understand themselves, their feelings and their needs, then we are doing [a] valuable job”: counselling young people on sexual health in the Brook Advisory Centre (1965–1985)
Creators: name: Rusterholz, Caroline
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Original research
1506
history
medical humanities
sexual medicine

description: First opened in 1964 in London, the Brook Advisory Centres (BAC) were the first centres to provide contraceptive advice and sexual counselling to unmarried people in postwar Britain. Drawing on archival materials, medical articles published by BAC members and oral history interviews with former counsellors, this paper looks at tensions present in sexual health counselling work between progressive views on young people’s sexuality and moral conservatism. In so doing, this paper makes two inter-related arguments. First, I argue that BAC doctors, counsellors and social workers simultaneously tried to adopt a non-judgmental listening approach to young people’s sexual needs and encouraged a model of heteronormative sexual behaviours that was class-based and racialised. Second, I argue that emotional labour was central in BAC staff’s attempt to navigate and smooth these tensions. This emotional labour and the tensions within it is best illustrated by BAC’s pyschosexual counselling services, which on the one hand tried to encourage youth sexual pleasure and on the other taught distinctive gendered sexual roles that contributed to pathologising teenage sexual behaviours and desire. In all, I contend that, in resorting to an emotionally orientated counselling, BAC members reconfigured for the young the new form of sexual subjectivity that had been in the making since the interwar years, that is, the fact that individuals regarded themselves as sexual beings and expressed feelings and anxieties about sex. BAC’s counselling work was as much a rupture with the interwar contraceptive counselling tradition—since it operated in a new climate, stressed a non-judgmental listening approach and catered for the young—as it was a continuity of some of the values of the earlier movement.