cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of distracted and non-distracted pedestrian dynamics in urban intersections : an adversarial inverse reinforcement learning approach
Creators: name: Alsharif, Tala
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Several studies have developed pedestrian-vehicle interaction models. However, these studies failed to consider pedestrian distraction, which considerably influences the safety of these interactions. Utilizing data from two intersections in Vancouver, Canada, this research uses the Multi-agent Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MA-AIRL) framework to make inferences about the behavioral dynamics of distracted and non-distracted pedestrians while interacting with vehicles. Results showed that distracted pedestrians maintained closer proximity to vehicles, moved at reduced speeds, and rarely yielded to oncoming vehicles. In addition, they rarely changed their interaction angles, indicating that they mostly remain unaware of the surrounding environment and have decreased navigational efficiency. Conversely, non-distracted pedestrians executed safer maneuvers, kept greater distances from vehicles, yielded more frequently, and adjusted their speeds accordingly. For example, non-distracted pedestrian-vehicle interactions showed a 46.5 % decrease in traffic conflicts severity (as measured by the average Time-to-Collision (TTC) values) and an average 30.2% increase in minimum distances when compared to distracted pedestrian-vehicle interactions. Vehicle drivers also demonstrated different behaviors in response to distracted pedestrians. They often opted to decelerate around distracted pedestrians, indicating recognition of potential risks. Furthermore, the MA-AIRL framework provided different results depending on the type of interactions. The performance of the distracted vehicle-pedestrian model was lower than the non-distracted model, suggesting that predicting non-distracted behavior might be relatively easier. These findings emphasize the importance of refining pedestrian simulation models to include the unique behavioral patterns from pedestrian distractions. This should assist in further examining the safety impacts of pedestrian distraction on the road environment.
Systematic Review Registration
Creators: name: Sanchez-Suarez, Jeysson
name: Rodríguez-Fonseca, Maria Fernanda
name: Diaz-Barrera, Luis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Systematic Review
Protocol Review
Streptomyces

description: PRISMA-P Checklist for the Systematic Review protocol titled: Streptomyces as potential synthetic polymer degraders.
Two-dimensional turbulence in magnetised plasmas
Creators: name: Kendl, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an inhomogeneous magnetised plasma the transport of energy and particles perpendicular to the magnetic field is in general mainly caused by quasi two-dimensional turbulent fluid mixing. The physics of turbulence and structure formation is of ubiquitous importance to every magnetically confined laboratory plasma for experimental or industrial application. Specifically, high temperature plasmas for fusion energy research are also dominated by the properties of this turbulent transport. Self-organisation of turbulent vortices to mesoscopic structures like zonal flows is related to the formation of transport barriers that can significantly enhance the confinement of a fusion plasma. This subject of great importance in research is rarely touched on in introductory plasma physics or continuum dynamics courses. Here a brief tutorial on 2D fluid and plasma turbulence is presented as an introduction to the field, appropriate for inclusion in undergraduate and graduate courses.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article published in European Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The definitive publisher authenticated version is available online at doi: 10.1088/0143-0807/29/5/005
Language Learner Strategies
Creators: name: Hernandez, Sera J.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: Language Learner Strategies, an edited volume born from a series of meetings at the International Association of Applied Linguistics Congress in the early 2000s, provides a comprehensive overview into the past, present, and proposed future of the field of language learner strategies (LLS). Principally written for language or education researchers, this book is concerned with the strategies learners employ in the process of second language (L2) acquisition and performance in the second or foreign language classroom. The editors, Andrew D. Cohen and Ernesto Macaro, propose that the volume serve as a coherent auto-critique and theoretical synthesis of LLS research to date, with the goal of improving opportunities for all language learners through further research into LLS.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
Predicting Construction Project Cost and Project Duration Using Machine Learning Techniques
Creators: name: Shen, Yixue
name: Brettschneider, Julia
name: Abusidualghoul, Vikki
name: Brookes, Julia
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2023

description: Presented at European Academy of Management Conference, Trinity Business School, Dublin, 14th June 2023 - 16th June 2023
The Selective Fossilization Hypothesis, Focus on Form, and the Second Language Classroom: Future Possibilities
Creators: name: Combs, Charles H.
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: The questions of how and when (if at all) to treat the potentially fossilizable linguistic features in the second language (L2) classroom have occupied second language researchers and practitioners since Selinker (1972) brought the concept of fossilization to the fore.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
MPEC 2023-K01 : 2023 JD3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 JD3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Quest for precision in hadronic cross sections at low energy: Monte Carlo tools vs. experimental data
Creators: name: Actis, S.
name: Arbuzov, A.
name: Balossini, G.
name: Beltrame, P.
name: Bignamini, C.
name: Bonciani, R.
name: Calame, C. M. Carloni
name: Cherepanov, V.
name: Czakon, M.
name: Czyz, H.
name: Denig, A.
name: Eidelman, S.
name: Fedotovich, G. V.
name: Ferroglia, A.
name: Gluza, J.
name: Grzelinska, A.
name: Gunia, M.
name: Hafner, A.
name: Ignatov, F.
name: Jadach, S.
name: Jegerlehner, F.
name: Kalinowski, A.
name: Kluge, W.
name: Korchin, A.
name: Kuhn, J. H.
name: Kuraev, E. A.
name: Lukin, P.
name: Mastrolia, P.
name: Montagna, G.
name: Muller, S. E.
name: Nguyen, F.
name: Nicrosini, O.
name: Nomura, D.
name: Pakhlova, G.
name: Pancheri, G.
name: Passera, M.
name: Penin, A.
name: Piccinini, F.
name: Placzek, W.
name: Przedzinski, T.
name: Remiddi, E.
name: Riemann, T.
name: Rodrigo, G.
name: Roig, P.
name: Shekhovtsova, O.
name: Shen, C. P.
name: Sibidanov, A. L.
name: Teubner, T.
name: Trentadue, L.
name: Venanzoni, G.
name: van der Bij, J. J.
name: Wang, P.
name: Ward, B. F. L.
name: Was, Z.
name: Worek, M.
name: Yuan, C. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the achievements of the last years of the experimental and theoretical groups working on hadronic cross section measurements at the low energy e+e- colliders in Beijing, Frascati, Ithaca, Novosibirsk, Stanford and Tsukuba and on tau decays. We sketch the prospects in these fields for the years to come. We emphasise the status and the precision of the Monte Carlo generators used to analyse the hadronic cross section measurements obtained as well with energy scans as with radiative return, to determine luminosities and tau decays. The radiative corrections fully or approximately implemented in the various codes and the contribution of the vacuum polarisation are discussed.
description: Report of the "Working Group on Radiative Corrections and Monte Carlo Generators for Low Energies"; 99 pages, submitted to EPJC
Scattered Nebular Light in the Extended Orion Nebula
Creators: name: O'Dell, C. R.
name: Goss, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have combined 327.5 MHz radio observations and optical spectroscopy to study conditions in the Extended Orion Nebula. We see a steady progression of characteristics with increasing distance from the dominant photoionizing star Theta1OriC. This progression includes a decrease in the F(Halpha)/F(Hbeta) ratio, an increase in the relative strength of scattered stellar continuum, decrease in electron density determined from the [S II] doublet, and increase in the ratio of Emission Measures derived from the Hbeta line and the 327.5 MHz radio continuum. We conclude that beyond about 5' south of Theta1OriC that scattered light from the much brighter central Huygens region of the nebula significantly contaminates local emission. This strengthens earlier arguments that wavelength and model dependent scattering of emission line radiation imposes a fundamental limit on our ability to determine the physical conditions and abundances in this and arguably other similar Galactic Nebulae. The implications for the study of extra-galactic HII regions are even more severe. We confirm the result of an earlier study that at least the eastern boundary of the Extended Orion Nebula is dominated by scattered light from the Huygens region.
Very metal-poor galaxies: ionized gas kinematics in nine objects
Creators: name: Moiseev, A. V.
name: Pustilnik, S. A.
name: Kniazev, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of ionized gas morphology and kinematics in nine eXtremely Metal-Deficient (XMD) galaxies with the scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer on the SAO 6-m telescope is presented. Some of these very rare objects (with currently known range of O/H of 7.12 < 12+log(O/H) < 7.65, or Zo/35 < Z < Zo/10) are believed to be the best proxies of `young' low-mass galaxies in the high-redshift Universe. One of the main goals of this study is to look for possible evidence of star formation (SF) activity induced by external perturbations. Recent results from HI mapping of a small subsample of XMD star-forming galaxies provided confident evidence for the important role of interaction-induced SF. Our observations provide complementary or new information that the great majority of the studied XMD dwarfs have strongly disturbed gas morphology and kinematics or the presence of detached components. We approximate the observed velocity fields by simple models of a rotating tilted thin disc, which allow us the robust detection of non-circular gas motions. These data, in turn, indicate the important role of current/recent interactions and mergers in the observed enhanced star formation. As a by-product of our observations, we obtained data for two LSB dwarf galaxies: Anon J012544+075957 that is a companion of the merger system UGC 993, and SAO 0822+3545 which shows off-centre, asymmetric, low SFR star-forming regions, likely induced by the interaction with the companion XMD dwarf HS 0822+3542.
description: Accepted to MNRAS, 20 pages, 3 tables, 7 figures
The Selective Fossilization Hypothesis and its Putative Implications for Second Language Teaching
Creators: name: Qi, Shaoyan
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: Issues of learnability and teachability of linguistic features have long been a core interest in instructed second language acquisition (SLA) research. Following Lyster and Ranta (1998), a great deal of empirical work has approached second language (L2) teachability by investigating the efficacy of all types of corrective feedback (e.g., oral recasts, elicitation, repetition) vis-à-vis the acquisition of L2 English structures such as third-person singular -s, past tense ending -ed, and the use of first mention a/an. That said, the choice of these linguistic targets appears to be quite arbitrary. In other words, they were chosen because they were “thought” to be somewhat unlearnable, often without further explanation as to how the estimated level of learnability was determined. In this light, Han’s (2009) Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH) seems promising in informing L2 teaching practices, as it approaches the learnability issue – generally believed to be the flipside of the phenomenon of fossilization – both a priori and a posteriori.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
USING OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Creators: name: Yoqubov, Iskandar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article reveals new methods of effectiveness increase in teaching foreign languages to students using information and communication technologies and their practical implementation at universities. Adoption of information and communication technologies to the educational process is based on students' independent language learning that encourages more productive development of language competences mastered by students and future specialists in a special area of technical knowledge as a whole.
The Calibration of Stromgren uvby-Hbeta Photometry for Late-Type Stars -- a Model Atmosphere Approach
Creators: name: Önehag, A.
name: Gustafsson, B.
name: Eriksson, K.
name: Edvardsson, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We aim to test the power of theoretical calibrations based on a new generation of MARCS models by comparisons with observational photomteric data. We calculate synthetic uvby-Hbeta colour indices from synthetic spectra. A sample of 388 field stars as well as stars in globular clusters is used for a direct comparison of the synthetic indices versus empirical data and for scrutinizing the possibilities of theoretical calibrations for temperature, metallicity and gravity. We show that the temperature sensitivity of the synthetic (b-y) colour is very close to its empirical counterpart, whereas the temperature scale based upon Hbeta shows a slight offset. The theoretical metallicity sensitivity of the m1 index (and for G-type stars its combination with c1) is somewhat larger than the empirical one, based upon spectroscopic determinations. The gravity sensitivity of the synthetic c1 index shows a satisfactory behaviour when compared to obervations of F stars. For stars cooler than the sun a deviation is significant in the c1-(b-y) diagram. The theoretical calibrations of (b-y), (v-y) and c1 seem to work well for Pop II stars and lead to effective temperatures for globular cluster stars supporting recent claims by Korn et al. (2007) that atomic diffusion occurs in stars near the turnoff point of NGC 6397. Synthetic colours of stellar atmospheres can indeed be used, in many cases, to derive reliable fundamental stellar parameters. The deviations seen when compared to observational data could be due to incomplete linelists but are possibly also due to effects of assuming plane-parallell or spherical geometry and LTE.
First Language Influence and Fossilization in Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition
Creators: name: Chen, Cheng-Ling Alice
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: While a considerable amount of second language acquisition (SLA) research has focused on the acquisition process itself, another strand of research has specialized in investigating the fossilization of specific linguistic features. Han’s (2009) Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH), an analytic model that seeks to account for both the acquisitional and fossilizable potential of linguistic features, is a unique attempt to make sense of fossilizable forms by probing into factors purportedly promoting fossilization in the acquisition process.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
The Fossilization-Formula Interface
Creators: name: Hall, Timothy
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: The construct of fossilization has enjoyed considerable scrutiny over nearly four decades of second language acquisition (SLA) research. In contrast, the phenomena of formulaic expressions (FEs), which are multi-word language chunks processed as a whole, have historically attracted only marginal interest in the field of SLA especially given the long-standing influence of the generative-nativist paradigm and its focus on discrete morphosyntactic constituents. Recently, FEs have been reevaluated with regard to interlanguage use and potential for contributing to interlanguage development (N. Ellis, 2002; Van Lancker Sidtis, 2009; Wray, 2000). This resurgence in interest auspiciously coincides with Han’s (2009) publication of Interlanguage and fossilization: Towards an analytic model with potentially fruitful repercussions. It is suggested here that cultivating an SLA perspective on FEs in tandem with Han’s analytic model on fossilization may prove useful in two ways: (1) FEs may provide a useful testing ground for the scope and predictions about fossilizable structures made by the analytic model, and (2) the model might provide a clearer understanding of how various types of FEs are used by L2 learners and develop in the interlanguage.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
The screening of 4f moments and delocalization in the compressed light rare earths
Creators: name: McMahan, A. K.
name: Scalettar, R. T.
name: Jarrell, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin and charge susceptibilities and the 4f^n, 4f^{n-1}, and 4f^{n+1} configuration weights are calculated for compressed Ce (n=1), Pr (n=2), and Nd (n=3) metals using dynamical mean field theory combined with the local-density approximation. At ambient and larger volumes these trivalent rare earths are pinned at sharp 4f^n configurations, their 4f moments assume atomic-limiting values, are unscreened, and the 4f charge fluctuations are small indicating little f state density near the Fermi level. Under compresssion there is dramatic screening of the moments and an associated increase in both the 4f charge fluctuations and static charge susceptibility. These changes are coincident with growing weights of the 4f^{n-1} configurations, which it is argued are better measures of delocalization than the 4f^{n+1} weights which are compromised by an increase in the number of 4f electrons caused by rising 6s, 6p bands. This process is continuous and prolonged as a function of volume, with strikingly similarity among the three rare earths, aside from the effects moderating and shifting to smaller volumes for the heavier members. The observed alpha-gamma collapse in Ce occurs over the large-volume half of this evolution, the Pr analog at smaller volumes, and Nd has no collapse.
description: 11 pages, 7 Postscript figures
10 years of reproducibility in biomedical research: howcan we achieve generalizability and fairness?
Creators: name: Wagner, Adina Svenja
name: Maumet, Camille
name: Ganz, Melanie
name: Praag, Cassandra Could van
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: ISBI 2023, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 18 Apr 2023 - 21 Apr 2023
description: 10 years ago, a series of publications pointed to the difficulty of reproducing scientific findings. Thisreproducibility crisis was a wake-up call for scientific communities to rethink how we practice andcommunicate research, and an important driver towards greater transparency and robust results. Ever since,biomedical imaging undertook various efforts to overcome reproducibility issues: From increasing samplesizes for higher statistical power, to data sharing and increased collaborations to acquire such samples, andpromoting detailed reporting practices and code sharing to ease computational reproducibility.But where are we standing with respect to reproducible biomedical imaging now? We discuss recentadvances and open questions, and focus on how the conversation has moved beyond efforts to reduce falsepositive findings to broader questions of generalizability and fairness. How does a finding observed in agiven group apply to the population at large? How does a finding obtained with one analysis vary whencomputed using another tool? How does a finding observed in a given group apply to subgroups of thatpopulation, in particular to less represented subgroups? How can open science help with the complexquestions of building fair algorithms and fairness in who participates in the process of science?
Supporting multitasking in online synchronous classes
Creators: name: Mavali, Sahar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In-class multitasking is a very common practice among university students as a strategy to tackle their many goals and commitments in life. However, research shows that in-class multitasking affects students' learning outcomes and academic performance negatively. Even though many students are aware of these potential drawbacks, in-class multitasking remains persistent in in-person and even more so in online classes. To learn more about students' motivations, perceptions, and challenges in in-class multitasking in online classes and to be able to propose solutions to their challenges, we conducted a small formative study (N=10) where we asked students to keep multitasking diaries in their online classes and followed up with semi-structured interviews. Through this study, we categorized students' challenges with in-class multitasking into 1. cognitive consequences which consist of content loss, context loss, and the overhead in time spent after the class to compensate for multitasking, and 2. metacognitive consequences which consist of the inhibition of time and attention management due to multitasking. Our insights from the preliminary study lead to the overarching requirement in design which is to support in-class multitasking by reducing its adverse effects on learning. Based on the cognitive consequences, our first design requirement is to enable immediate recovery of missed content in the class time frame. To satisfy this requirement, we propose a bichronous learning environment that enables accelerated guided viewing of past/missed content immediately. In an experimental evaluation (N=20) of these design elements, our prototype showed significant improvement in students' learning outcomes when they multitask, compared to a baseline system. Based on the metacognitive consequences, we define our second design requirement as providing assistance in metacognitive monitoring in in-class multitasking by enabling cognitive offloading. We propose topic, activity, and time-based offloading to help students manage their time and attention when multitasking under different circumstances. Our qualitative evaluation (N=9) of these design elements shows promise in their effectiveness in assisting students' self-regulation in in-class multitasking.
Seeing – Moving. Theories and experiments on the intercept between perception and control of movement
Creators: name: de Lussanet, Marc H.E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 60809 Vertebrate Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60114 Systems Biology

description: This is a German Habilitation. It is cumulative, i.e. most chapters have been published in peer reviewed scientific journals. The following collection treats the relation between seeing and moving on multiple levels and time scales. For this, a theoretical framework is worked out, which is followed by experimental studies. The theoretical concepts are concerned with the relationships between form and function in the brain, in a developmental and evolutionary context. This context thus refers to infinitesimally slow movements, which nevertheless directly affect the relations of our everyday seeing and moving. It is proposed that~~1. the forebrain of vertebrates is turned by 180 degrees so that not only left and right but also occipital and frontal are reversed (\emph{Axial Twist Hypothesis, ATH});~~2. that the scaling relation of the cerebrum, according to which large cerebrums such ours have a folded cortex, can be explained by an \emph{isometric scaling law};~~3. that the cerebral cortex is organized as a map of the entire central nervous system; and~~4. that the frontal lobe is of a sensory nature, meaning that its role in motor control is more the outcome of sensory processing (``motor perception'') than motor control \emph{sensu stricto}. The first, introductory, chapter lays out this framework, leading into the second chapter which presents the first validation of the ATH. This consists of testings of independent predictions of the anatomy, development and behavior regarding the face and the trunk, thus showing that the ATH is much more powerful than the neuroanatomical phenomena for which it was developed. The third chapter focuses on a recently proposed functional explanation for the cortical scaling relation, and shows that the explanation is not tenable. The fourth and fifth chapters explore movement perception and eye-hand control from a purely visual and a purely motor control perspective. The first identifies visual motion as an important source of depth perception in biological movements. The latter of the two presents a new methodology for analysing free, 3D hand movements. The last three chapters focus on the tight connectedness of perceiving and execution movements. Chapter six provides evidence that the mirror system adds to visual perception of movements (making use of the lateralization of the cerebrum, cf.\ ATH). Further, it was found that chronic pain specifically impairs the perception of motor aspects of visually presented movements (chapter 7); and finally, seeing a postural perturbation in others directly alters postural control in the observer (chapter 8). The questions and experimental designs were directly rooted in the initially developed framework, and support it. As such, the present work draws lines from the slowest to the fastest movements that are known of life.
Written Corrective Feedback as a Means to Validate the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis: Issues to Consider
Creators: name: Shin, Hye Won
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: Since Selinker (1972) coined the term fossilization to characterize the phenomenon in which second language (L2) learners cease to progress in the acquisition process, much effort (e.g., Bates & MacWhinney, 1981; Krashen, 1981, cited in Han & Odlin, 2006) has been made to research instances of such premature stabilization of deviant L2 forms both within and across learners. Nonetheless, as Birdsong (2003, cited in Han & Odlin, 2006) aptly points out, the term has been (mis)used by many simply as a “catch-all” term, i.e., a handy metaphor for describing any lack of progress in L2 learning, regardless of its nature. It is therefore not surprising that little has been achieved as far as the development of a comprehensive analytic model throughout almost forty years of fossilization research. Against this background, Han (2009) proposes the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH), seeking to account for the fossilizability of target L2 structures through establishing: (1) empirically operationalizable variables (i.e., first language (L1) markedness and L2 input robustness) and subvariables (i.e., frequency and variability); (2) a first-of-its-kind analytical model of fossilization, whose “boundary conditions” still require further investigation.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
Attention, Awareness, and Noticing: The Role of Consciousness and the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis
Creators: name: Jung, Ji-Yung
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: Learning a second language (L2) is a complex and variable process. Unlike first language (L1) acquisition, second language acquisition (SLA) is often marked by an interlanguage (IL) consisting of fragmentary, incomplete knowledge to varying degrees in different linguistic domains (e.g., morphosyntax, phonology, and semantics), with only occasional, piecemeal success as far as complete acquisition is concerned. Selinker (1972) was the first one in the field of SLA to use the term fossilization to refer to such premature stabilization of L2 deviant forms. Since then, fossilization research has remained a cornerstone of the field, constantly shedding light on and/or fueling the advances in related subareas, such as L2 learnability and teachability.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
The present report describes the effect of intra-arterial injection of a dose of 40 mg lidocaine and 20 mg methylprednisolone into the middle meningeal artery of two patients suffering from severe headaches. The effect of injection of lidocaine and methylprednisolone was short lasting with effect manifesting within 5 min and lasting 5–8 h after injection. Both patients reported improvement in headache intensity after 24 h post-procedure. Intra-arterial injection of lidocaine and methylprednisolone may represent another treatment strategy for headaches not responsive to standard treatment.
Creators: name: Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Institutes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The present report describes the effect of intra-arterial injection of a dose of 40 mg lidocaine and 20 mg methylprednisolone into the middle meningeal artery of two patients suffering from severe headaches. The effect of injection of lidocaine and methylprednisolone was short lasting with effect manifesting within 5 min and lasting 5–8 h after injection. Both patients reported improvement in headache intensity after 24 h post-procedure. Intra-arterial injection of lidocaine and methylprednisolone may represent another treatment strategy for headaches not responsive to standard treatment.
Are Grammatical Morphemes Hard or Soft?
Creators: name: Jung, Jookyoung
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: For the past few decades, one of the most persistent criticisms against second language acquisition (SLA) research has been the derivative nature of its origin in establishing its theoretical and methodological foundation. That being the case, the phenomenon of fossilization, i.e., the cessation of learning in a second language (L2), has been a central interest of study unique to the field of SLA, to which most, if not all, hypotheses and research on adult L2 learning are ultimately linked. In this connection, the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH) proposed by Han (2009) demonstrates its potential to account for a wide spectrum of issues related to fossilization, thus deepening our understanding of SLA in general and fossilization in particular. Simply put, the SFH is promising in that it not only accounts for the previous research findings a posteriori, but also predicts selectively fossilizable features a priori on the basis of the interaction of first language (L1) markedness and L2 input robustness.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
Ultra-dense phosphorus in germanium delta-doped layers
Creators: name: Scappucci, G.
name: Capellini, G.
name: Lee, W. C. T.
name: Simmons, M. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorus (P) in germanium (Ge) delta-doped layers are fabricated in ultra-high vacuum by adsorption of phosphine molecules onto an atomically flat clean Ge(001) surface followed by thermal incorporation of P into the lattice and epitaxial Ge overgrowth by molecular beam epitaxy. Structural and electrical characterizations show that P atoms are confined, with minimal diffusion, into an ultra-narrow 2-nm-wide layer with an electrically-active sheet carrier concentration of 4x10^13 cm-2 at 4.2 K. These results open up the possibility of ultra-narrow source/drain regions with unprecedented carrier densities for Ge n-channel field effect transistors.
Filling In the Missing Piece in Research on Lexicalization Patterns
Creators: name: Noguchi, Hiromi
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: For more than a decade, studies on second language (L2) lexicalization patterns of motion events have examined crosslinguistic differences in encoding semantic elements (e.g., motions, paths, manners) into surface forms (e.g., verbs, prepositions, adverbial clauses). Ultimately, these studies examine the transferability of the L1 form-meaning relationships to interlangauge (IL), claiming that there is an underlying influence of first language (L1) based cognition on L2 acquisition (for a review of previous studies, see Slobin, 2004). This claim of L1 cognitive influence arose from the perspective of linguistic relativity, specifically from Slobin’s (1996) thinking for speaking hypothesis, which asserts that linguistic demands influence how speakers conceptualize motion events.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
The Selective Fossilization Hypothesis: A Revitalization of the Construct of Markedness in Second Language Acquisition
Creators: name: Bambino Finneran, Rosette
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: With the Selective Fossilization Hypothesis (SFH), Han (2009) cites the synergy of first language (L1) markedness and second language (L2) input robustness as a determinant of selective fossilization and, in doing so, returns the construct of markedness to the forefront of second language acquisition (SLA) research and theory. With the SFH, Han offers a principled account of the differential consequences for L2 learning (Han, 2008, p. 6), and its explanatory and predictive qualities hold great promise for the field. Nevertheless, Han’s unique approach to markedness lays open the possibility for misunderstanding, particularly for those who are accustomed to viewing markedness in SLA through the lens of linguistic universals. Moreover, when one considers that markedness has long been a problematic term in linguistics, with “many different approaches defin[ing] markedness in different ways, apply[ing] it to different domains, and integrat[ing] it into different approaches” (Battistella, 1990, p. 5), the possibility for misunderstanding looms even larger. For these reasons, it might be helpful to take a retrospective look at markedness for the purposes of contextualizing the construct and preempting any potential misapprehensions of its role in the SFH.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
Second Language Reading and the Role of Grammar
Creators: name: Jung, Jookyoung
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: The paper reviews research on second language (L2) reading, focusing on the various factors involved, i.e., orthography, vocabulary, grammar, background knowledge, and metacognitive strategies. Based on the overview of L2 reading research, how grammar makes a unique contribution to L2 reading comprehension is emphasized. The discussion includes analysis of the distinctive roles served by background knowledge and linguistic knowledge, the comparative roles of L1 reading ability and L2 proficiency, and the relative weight of vocabulary and grammar in accounting for L2 reading comprehension. The paper concludes with issues for further consideration and suggestions for future studies on the relationship between grammatical knowledge and L2 reading comprehension.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
The Classification of Extragalactic X-ray Jets
Creators: name: Harris, D. E.
name: Massaro, F.
name: Cheung, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The overall classification of X-ray jets has clung to that prevalent in the radio: FRI vs. FRII (including quasars). Indeed, the common perception is that X-ray emission from FRI's is synchrotron emission whereas that from FRII's may be IC/CMB and/or synchrotron. Now that we have a sizable collection of sources with detected X-ray emission from jets and hotspots, it seems that a more unbiased study of these objects could yield additional insights on jets and their X-ray emission. The current contribution is a first step in the process of analyzing all of the relevant parameters for each detected component for the sources collected in the XJET website. This initial effort involves measuring the ratio of X-ray to radio fluxes and evaluating correlations with other jet parameters. For single zone synchrotron X-ray emission, we anticipate that larger values of fx/fr should correlate inversely with the average magnetic field strength (if the acceleration process is limited by loss time equals acceleration time). Beamed IC/CMB X-rays should produce larger values of fx/fr for smaller values of the angle between the jet direction and the line of sight but will also be affected by the low frequency radio spectral index.
description: 4 pages; to appear in the conference proceedings: "X-Ray Astronomy 2009: Present Status, Multiwavelength Approach and Future Perspectives"; Bologna, Italy, September 2009, Editors: A. Comastri, M. Cappi, L. Angelini, 2010 AIP (in press)
Motion in a Random Force Field
Creators: name: Dolgopyat, Dmitry
name: Koralov, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K37

description: We consider the motion of a particle in a random isotropic force field. Assuming that the force field arises from a Poisson field in $\mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 4$, and the initial velocity of the particle is sufficiently large, we describe the asymptotic behavior of the particle.
NAVOIY VILOYATINING TURIZIM SALOHIYATI VA UNING RIVOJLANISH DINAMIKASI
Creators: name: Fattoyev, Islom
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ushbu maqolada Navoiy viloyatining turizim salohiyati, turizimda yetakchi joylari, xususiyatlari va joriy yil hisobi misolida turizim ko'rsatkichlarining rivoji xususidagi fikrlar yoritilgan.
Supplement to the manuscript: Predicting physician consultations for low back pain using claims data and population-based cohort data – an interpretable machine learning approach - revision 1.
Creators: name: Adrian, Richter
name: Julia, Truthmann
name: Jean‑François, Chenot
name: Oliver, Schmidt Carsten
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: record linkage, machine learning, calibration, best subset selection, low back pain

description: This document provides supplementary information to the main manuscript and includes changes of revision 1.
Investigating Second Language Reading Components: Reading for Different Types of Meaning
Creators: name: Kim, Ah-Young Alicia
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: The nature of second language (L2) reading ability is extremely complex and its components are yet to be agreed upon. The current study hypothesized that L2 reading ability consists of (1) reading for literal meaning (LIT), (2) reading for implied meaning with endophoric reference (IMP-EN), and (3) reading for implied meaning with exophoric reference (IMP-EX). In addition, different reading passages were assumed to affect test performance in varying degrees. Participants were 298 incoming students to an adult English as a second language (ESL) program. They took a reading placement test consisting of four reading passages and 30 items. Participants’ reading scores were analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach in structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings suggest that L2 reading ability consists of the three constructs of LIT, IMP-EN, and IMP-EX. Moreover, the three reading constructs are on a continuum with LIT having the most direct relationship between the text and the response, while IMP-EX having the most indirect relationship. However, reading passages did not have a significant influence on test performance.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2009)
Approximation Algorithms for Bregman Co-clustering and Tensor Clustering
Creators: name: Jegelka, Stefanie
name: Sra, Suvrit
name: Banerjee, Arindam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the past few years powerful generalizations to the Euclidean k-means problem have been made, such as Bregman clustering [7], co-clustering (i.e., simultaneous clustering of rows and columns of an input matrix) [9,18], and tensor clustering [8,34]. Like k-means, these more general problems also suffer from the NP-hardness of the associated optimization. Researchers have developed approximation algorithms of varying degrees of sophistication for k-means, k-medians, and more recently also for Bregman clustering [2]. However, there seem to be no approximation algorithms for Bregman co- and tensor clustering. In this paper we derive the first (to our knowledge) guaranteed methods for these increasingly important clustering settings. Going beyond Bregman divergences, we also prove an approximation factor for tensor clustering with arbitrary separable metrics. Through extensive experiments we evaluate the characteristics of our method, and show that it also has practical impact.
description: 18 pages; improved metric case
Readers’ Credits for Volume 9, Issue 1
Creators: name: Grabowski, Kirby
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: Teachers College, Columbia University, Working Papers in TESOL & Applied Linguistics thanks the following people for one or more reviews of the manuscripts for Volume 9, Issue 1 (2009).
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2009)
It takes a village : the role of social support during recovery from sport-related knee injuries
Creators: name: Truong, Linda Lan Khue
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Exercise therapy is a cornerstone of sport-related knee injury rehabilitation. The benefits of exercise therapy hinge on how closely a patient’s exercise behaviour matches their prescription. Social support is consistently recognized as a strong facilitator of exercise behaviour in other fields, but its value for exercise therapy in rehabilitation is unclear. This dissertation includes four studies that explore the relationship between social support and exercise therapy behaviour following a sport-related knee injury, including in the context of a physiotherapist-led virtual education and exercise therapy program (Stop OsteoARthritis; SOAR). Study one is a scoping review that synthesized evidence about social, psychological, and contextual factors that influence sport-related knee injury recovery and identified social support as a distinct and unique construct. Study two is a qualitative interpretive descriptive study that explored the perceptions of exercise in youth with sport-related knee injuries and found that balancing activity priorities, and reframing attitudes and beliefs towards exercising can promote exercise behaviour. Studies one and two informed the social support strategies integrated into the SOAR program. Study three is a qualitative descriptive design nested in a quasi-experimental study that assessed the feasibility of SOAR, including embedded social support strategies. These social support strategies were found to be acceptable, and participants reported that the SOAR program filled a gap in care by addressing their concerns for osteoarthritis and empowering them to manage their knee health. Finally, study four is a qualitative interpretive descriptive study nested in a randomized controlled trial that assessed the efficacy of the SOAR program and explored the relationship between perceived support and exercise behaviours. This study provided evidence that social support facilitated exercise behaviour, revealed how perceived support may promote exercise behaviour, and the critical role the therapeutic relationship plays in support being perceived as meaningful. Overall, these studies provide evidence that conflicts with long-held beliefs about how people with sport-related knee injuries perceive long-term knee health and osteoarthritis and demonstrate the positive influence social support has on exercise therapy behaviour amongst people with sport-related knee injuries.
Two strong nonlinearity regimes in cold molecule formation
Creators: name: Ishkhanyan, A. M.
name: Joulakian, B.
name: Suominen, K. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two distinct strongly non-linear scenarios of molecule formation in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (either by photoassociation or Feshbach resonance) corresponding to large and small field detuning are revealed. By examining arbitrary external field configurations, we show that the association process in the first case is almost non-oscillatory in time while in the second case the evolution of the system displays strongly pronounced Rabi-type oscillations. We construct highly accurate approximate solutions for both limit cases. We show that at strong coupling limit the non-crossing models are able to provide conversion of no more than one third of the initial atomic population. Finally, we show that for constant-amplitude models involving a finite final detuning the strong interaction limit is not optimal for molecule formation.
An interview with Dr. Eli Hinkel
Creators: name: Board, Editorial
Publisher: name: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL
Year: 2009

description: The Editorial Board of the Web Journal recently had the pleasure of submitting interview questions to Dr. Eli Hinkel, the invited guest speaker at the 2009 APPLE Lecture sponsored by the Programs in TESOL and Applied Linguistics at Teachers College, Columbia University.
description: Studies in Applied Linguistics and TESOL, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2009)
Vegetationsgeschichtliche und pollenstratigraphische Untersuchungen zum Paläolithikum von Mauern und Meilenholen (Fränkische Alb)
Creators: name: Brande, Arthur
name: Bleich, Klaus Eberhard
Publisher: name: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit
Year: 2021

description: Quartär – Internationales Jahrbuch zur Erforschung des Eiszeitalters und der Steinzeit, Bd. 26 (1975): Quartär. Internationales Jahrbuch zur Eiszeitalter- und Steinzeitforschung