cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic Potential of Alternative Year-Round Daylight Savings Time
Creators: name: Munkhammar, J.
name: Widén, J.
name: Nilsson, A.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4753-4757
description: In a mature photovoltaic (PV) market where feed-in tariffs have declined, managing of the hosting
capacity of the distribution grid becomes essential by maximizing the utilization of PV. One way to increase hosting
capacity is to increase self-consumption of the self-produced PV power. This paper investigates the effect of an
alternative year-round daylight savings time (DST) – where the time of the entire society is changed relative to the
sun - on the level of self-consumption in terms of solar fraction and load fraction of PV power both on householdand
national level. Household electricity use was modeled with a Markov-chain model, PV power production was
modeled from solar irradiance data, and the national level was simulated using national electricity data. Results show
that one hour year-round DST shifted ahead might increase self-consumption by a fraction of one percentage point
for a net-zero energy household. For a 30 GWp PV installation on a national scale with a 140 TWh annual electricity
use one hour DST shift ahead had almost no effect on self-consumption. The optimal self-consumption of PV power
on the national level was concluded to be the current DST setup.
Evaluating the Benefits of Implementing Existing Storage Technologies with Residential PV Rooftop Systems
Creators: name: Goel, S.
name: Watt, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4767-4772
description: PV rooftop systems can produce a significant proportion of daily household needs, yet that relies on the
careful design of the system and the time of energy use. With reducing FiT (feed-in-tariff) values (IPART, 2012a)
and Federal supports across Australia, it makes little sense to install larger PV (Photovoltaic) systems on residential
rooftops, where most of the electricity generated would be exported directly to the grid.
This study aims to study the benefits, both financial and technological, of adding storage to existing rooftop
distributed PV systems for residential households in Sydney, Australia. A mathematical model was constructed to
analyse and manipulate the available data. It was concluded that addition of storage resulted in a significant reduction
in the peak hour energy consumption; hence alleviating the need for expensive network upgrades, while increasing
financial returns from the renewable energy system, from an end user point of view. Significant reductions in returnon-
investment and increase in yearly financial savings were observed.
Cost Effective Dry Oxidation for Emitter Passivation: A Key Step for High Efficiency Screen Printed p-Type PERC Solar Cells
Creators: name: Choulat, P.
name: Prajapati, V.
name: Sleeckx, E.
name: Singh, S.
name: Tous, L.
name: O’Sullivan, B.
name: Ferro, V.
name: Duerinckx, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 757-760
description: This work reports on the feasibility to implement a cost effective dry oxidation step in a Passivated
Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC) structure on p-type Cz Silicon substrates. PERC solar cells have been extensively
investigated in the recent years for industrial implementation. One of the main challenges is to combine the integration
of cost effective process steps while maintaining high cell efficiency. In our previous work, we introduced at imec the
use of a thermal oxide below the front ARC and below the rear dielectric PECVD SiOx/SiNx stack for enhanced
surface passivation. In this study, we demonstrate that a low thermal budget of 800oC coupled with a drastic reduction
of oxidation time down to 15 min is sufficient for the growth of a high quality thermal oxide without adversely
affecting the emitter properties. We show that the level of Dit at the silicon interface after oxidation is not determinant
for the level of surface passivation but rather the hydrogenation provided by the SiNx after firing. We also show that
the resulting SIMS emitter Phosphorous profiles after the low temperature oxidation maintain a surface concentration
above 1×1020/cm3, which is fully compatible with screen printing technology. Assisted by the latest developments on
commercial silver paste, this enables to contact homogeneous emitters up to 90 Ω/ with measured FF above 79% on
the cell level after firing optimisation. All devices were fabricated on substrates area of 156 mm × 156 mm with a base
resistivity of 2 Ohm.cm and a thickness of 170 μm. The PERC cells have front Ag screen printed contacts with a 3-
busbar pattern, a thin thermal oxide on both sides with a rear PECVD SiOx/SiNx stack. Average conversion efficiency
above 19.7% are achieved on such large area substrates. Several optimisation cycles have led to best cell efficiency of
20.1%.
Process Development and Characterization of High Performance PERC Solar Cells and Modules
Creators: name: Xia, Z.
name: Dong, J.
name: Gao, Y.
name: Li, X.
name: Qiao, H.
name: Sidhu, R.
name: Tao, L.
name: Teng, K.
name: Yang, Z.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Xing, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 766-769
description: Rear dielectric film deposition and opening as key processes for PERC solar cells are developed and
characterized in this paper. As to rear dielectric, SiOx and Al2O3 passivation films and their effects on PERC cell
performance were studied. Due to >2E11 cm-2 positive fixed charge in SiOx film, inversion layer is formed on PERC
rear side, so that pseudo-FF of cells decreases because of large J02. Additionally, it leads to bad low-light performance
because the rear surface recombination velocity (RSRV) increases with the injection level decrease under inversion
status. On the contrary, Al2O3 film with >2E12 cm-2 negative fixed charge shows totally different properties and
excellent passivation on PERC cells. Regard to dielectric opening, etching paste is a promising candidate that can
achieve same performance as laser ablation by optimizing opening process of etching paste.. PERC cells with
deposited Al2O3/SiNx stack film opened by etching paste achieved 19.8% batch average efficiency. Combined with
selective emitter technology, the average efficiency increased to 20.0%. Additionally, the low light output and
temperature coefficient of PERC cells were also improved compared to conventional Al-BSF cells. PERC modules
made by 60 cells and 72 cells show power output of 285W and 325W respectively.
Are monochromatic Pythagorean triples unavoidable under morphic colorings ?
Creators: name: Eliahou, S
name: Fromentin, J
name: Marion-Poty, V
name: Robilliard, D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers a, b, c $\in$ N${}^{+}$ satisfying a${}^2$ + b${}^2$ = c${}^2$. Is it true that, for any finite coloring of N${}^{+}$ , at least one Pythagorean triple must be monochromatic? In other words, is the Dio-phantine equation X${}^2$+ Y${}^2$ = Z${}^2$ regular? This problem, recently solved for 2-colorings by massive SAT computations [Heule et al., 2016], remains widely open for k-colorings with k $\ge$ 3. In this paper, we introduce morphic colorings of N + , which are special colorings in finite groups with partly multiplicative properties. We show that, for many morphic colorings in 2 and 3 colors, monochromatic Pythagorean triples are unavoidable in rather small integer intervals.
Production Cost of PV Electricity in Sweden
Creators: name: Stridh, B.
name: Yard, S.
name: Larsson, D.
name: Karlsson, B.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Business Opportunities

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4718-4722
description: The photovoltaic (PV) market in Sweden is small in comparison to most of the other PV markets in the
European countries. However, the market is growing and about 8 MW was installed during 2012 that is 1/3 of the
totally installed power. It is expected that the market will continue to grow during 2013.The PV levelized cost of
electricity (LCOE) in Sweden was studied for grid connected PV systems to understand how competitive PV is on the
Swedish market. It is concluded that PV production cost is still too high to be competitive in utility scale on the Nord
Pool spot market without subsidies. However, for residential or commercial systems the production cost for PV electricity
is today in some cases in the same order of magnitude as, or lower than, the running cost for bought electricity
even without investment subsidy or electricity certificates, with the assumed parameters for estimation of LCOE.
With investment subsidy the calculation improves substantially resulting in a LCOE lower than the running cost for
bought electricity. To a much smaller extent an improvement of LCOE is also seen with electricity certificates.
Resonance in orbits of plane partitions and increasing tableaux
Creators: name: Dilks, Kevin
name: Pechenik, Oliver
name: Striker, Jessica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a new concept of resonance on discrete dynamical systems. This concept formalizes the observation that, in various combinatorially-natural cyclic group actions, orbit cardinalities are all multiples of divisors of a fundamental frequency. Our main result is an equivariant bijection between plane partitions in a box (or order ideals in the product of three chains) under rowmotion and increasing tableaux under $K$-promotion. Both of these actions were observed to have orbit sizes that were small multiples of divisors of an expected orbit size, and we show this is an instance of resonance, as $K$-promotion cyclically rotates the set of labels appearing in the increasing tableaux. We extract a number of corollaries from this equivariant bijection, including a strengthening of a theorem of [P. Cameron--D. Fon-der-Flaass '95] and several new results on the order of $K$-promotion. Along the way, we adapt the proof of the conjugacy of promotion and rowmotion from [J. Striker--N. Williams '12] to give a generalization in the setting of $n$-dimensional lattice projections. Finally we discuss known and conjectured examples of resonance relating to alternating sign matrices and fully-packed loop configurations.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures
A note on actions of some monoids
Creators: name: Jozwikowski, Michal
name: Rotkiewicz, Mikolaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S25 (primary), 32L05, 58A20, 58A50 (secondary)

description: Smooth actions of the multiplicative monoid $(\mathbb{R},\cdot)$ of real numbers on manifolds lead to an alternative, and for some reasons simpler, definition of a vector bundle, a double vector bundle and related structures like a graded bundle [Grabowski and Rotkiewicz, J. Geom. Phys. 2011]. For these reasons it is natural to study smooth actions of certain monoids closely related with the monoid $(\mathbb{R},\cdot)$ . Namely, we discuss geometric structures naturally related with: smooth and holomorphic actions of the monoid of multiplicative complex numbers, smooth actions of the monoid of second jets of punctured maps $(\mathbb{R},0)\rightarrow (\mathbb{R},0)$, smooth action of the monoid of real 2 by 2 matrices and smooth actions of multiplicative reals on a supermanifold. In particular cases we recover the notions of a holomorphic vector bundle, a complex vector bundle and a non-negatively graded manifold.
description: Final version published in DGA. Corrected proof of Theorem 3.18. Watch our publication: http://audioslides.elsevier.com//ViewerLarge.aspx?source=1&doi=10.1016/j.difgeo.2016.04.003
Assessment of Shadowing Effects on Photovoltaic Performance – A Secondary School Project
Creators: name: Oosting, B.
name: Harms, J.
name: Cornelissen, R.
name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4701-4703
description: Shading on photovoltaic modules adversely influences their performance due to non-linear dependence of
generated module power as function of shaded area. Performance of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) is less affected
by shading, as shadow on the luminescent collector plate leads to a uniformly distributed intensity loss on the solar cell. In a
secondary school project, measurements have been performed on CuInGaSe cells as well as on an in-house made LSC. It was
found that efficiency and short current current, both corrected for the unshaded area, decrease for CuInGaSe cells with
increasing amount of shade. In contrast, for LSCs corrected efficiency and short circuit current remain constant. This clearly
implies that shading is less detrimental for LSCs than for standard solar cells.
Global Irradiation in North-Western South America – A Comparison of Long-Term Datasets of Average Annual Irradiation Taken from Five Different Data Sources
Creators: name: Egler, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Business Opportunities

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4707-4711
description: The present paper focuses on long-term average global horizontal irradiation, which is of great importance
for assessing the average annual generation of grid-connected and/or stand-alone photovoltaic systems. For this
purpose, site- or area-specific datasets of average annual irradiation as taken from five different date sources
(METEONORM 6.1, NASA SSE, 3TIER, INPE (BRASIL-SR) and NREL CSR) are compared. There, in total, 38
locations (Panama (2), Colombia (2), Venezuela (20), Ecuador (5) and Peru (9)) are taken into account, which have
been selected considering the availability of long-term ground measurements of global horizontal irradiation. With
these data further evaluation is possible, if necessary.
For Panama and Colombia a mean standard deviation has been found of ±6.1 % or ±7.9 %, respectively. The corresponding
value for Venezuela is ±6.4 %, for Ecuador ±13.3 % and for Peru ±9.0 %. In total, the smallest standard
deviation has been found for Piura, Peru (±3.1 %) and the most pronounced one for El Puyo, Ecuador (±14.6 %).
For Caracas, Venezuela, it will be demonstrated that accounting for long-term changes of average annual irradiation
the deviation between the information decreases (here: by up to 1 %). Furthermore, when adding a cross-comparison
of the datasets, it is possible to rule out implausible data and to reduce the standard deviation by a factor larger than
three.
Morphisms of 1-motives defined by line bundles
Creators: name: Bertolin, Cristiana
name: Brochard, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14K30, 14C20

description: Let $S$ be a normal base scheme. The aim of this paper is to study the line bundles on 1-motives defined over $S$. We first compute a dévissage of the Picard group of a 1-motive $M$ according to the weight filtration of $M$. This dévissage allows us to associate, to each line bundle $L$ on $M$, a linear morphism $φ_{L}: M \rightarrow M^*$ from $M$ to its Cartier dual. This yields a group homomorphism $Φ: Pic(M) / Pic(S) \to Hom(M,M^*)$. We also prove the Theorem of the Cube for 1-motives, which furnishes another construction of the group homomorphism $Φ: Pic(M) / Pic(S) \to Hom(M,M^*)$. Finally we prove that these two independent constructions of linear morphisms $M \to M^*$ using line bundles on $M$ coincide. However, the first construction, involving the dévissage of $Pic(M)$, is more explicit and geometric and it furnishes the motivic origin of some linear morphisms between 1-motives. The second construction, involving the Theorem of the Cube, is more abstract but perhaps also more enlightening.
description: 29 pages. To appear in IMRN. Final version, including the remarks of the referee. Modified the numberings of the sections to match the published version
The Synergy of Photovoltaics and Mining
Creators: name: Fthenakis, V.
name: Sinha, P.
name: Konsoulas, I.
name: Phillips, K.
name: Pacheco, P.
name: Hay, A.
name: Luckhurst, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
Sustainability Aspects

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4658-4664
description: The synergy of photovoltaic (PV) power generation with the needs of the mining industry is profound
in countries with great solar and mining resources. Metal mining and smelting operations have high energy demand
and their growth is often constrained by the availability and cost of electricity. Particularly in countries with high
solar irradiation and expensive grid electricity, PV can provide cost competitive and reliable electricity while
displacing air emissions and water usage, thus greatly improving the environmental profile of mining life-cycles. We
studied this synergy in Chile and South Africa and found that PV can play a major role in the sustainable
development of both countries. We discuss the identification of suitable PV locations based on the topography and
solar irradiation, the resource availability (e.g., water, fuel), and the environmental and health benefits enabled by PV
deployment in these countries. In both cases, the operation of a single 200 MW plant can prevent in a course of a
year approximately a half a million tonnes of CO2 emissions from coal. Water savings are also important for arid
regions such as the Atacama desert of northern Chile where a 200 MW PV plant in the region will reduce the water
needs for power generation by up to 1.2 million cubic meters annually.
Compactifications of 5d SCFTs with a twist
Creators: name: Zafrir, Gabi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the compactification of 5d SCFTs to 4d on a circle with a twist in a discrete global symmetry element of these SCFTs. We present evidence that this leads to various 4d N=2 isolated SCFTs. These include many known theories as well as seemingly new ones. The known theories include the recently discovered rank 1 SU(4) SCFT and its mass deformations. One application of the new SCFTs is in the dual descriptions of the 4d gauge theory SU(N)+1S+(N-2)F. Also interesting is the appearance of a theory with rank 1 and $F_4$ global symmetry.
description: 59 pages, 47 figures; v2 references added; v3 references added + minor revisions, version published in JHEP
Back-Contact Vertical Junction Silicon Solar Cells for Concentrating Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Paternoster, G.
name: Bellutti, P.
name: Collini, A.
name: Ferrario, L.
name: Ficorella, F.
name: Mattedi, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: MATERIAL STUDIES, NEW CONCEPTS, ULTRA-HIGH EFFICIENCY AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 672-675
description: An improved vertical junction back-contact silicon solar cell (BCVJ cell) has been developed showing
good performance under 1 sun and under concentrated light. The cell is provided with a pass-through holes matrix
that acts as vertical electrodes. The holes are alternately p- and n-doped in order to form radial p-n vertical junctions.
The front surface is metal-free and it prevents the shadowing of the incident light. The distance between the vertical
electrodes is 50 μm, much lower than the substrate thickness. This feature allows a reduction of the cell series
resistance and an increase of the collection efficiency of red-photons also by using thick substrates with low lifetime.
The measured efficiency is of 22% at 80 suns and higher than 19% up to 200 Suns. The cell performance were
compared with the one of a conventional solar cell with a front n-p planar junction, which is fabricated on the same
silicon substrate by means of a similar process. The back-contact vertical junction cell shows an increment of 18% in
the JSC with respect to the conventional cell. The increase is due to the front shadow elimination and to the high
collection efficiency of red and infra-red photons, as demonstrated by means of the experimental IQE.
Entropy-based Time-Varying Window Width Selection for Nonlinear type Time-Frequency Analysis
Creators: name: Sheu, Yae-lin
name: Hsu, Liang-Yan
name: Chou, Pi-Tai
name: Wu, Hau-tieng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a time-varying optimal window width (TVOWW) selection scheme to optimize the performance of several nonlinear-type time-frequency analyses, including the reassignment method, and the synchrosqueezing transform (SST) and its variations. A window rendering the most concentrated distribution in the time-frequency representation (TFR) is regarded as the optimal window. The TVOWW selection scheme is particularly useful for signals that comprise fast-varying instantaneous frequencies and small spectral gaps. To demonstrate the efficacy of the method, in addition to analyzing a synthetic signal, we study an atomic time-varying dipole moment driven by two-color mid-infrared laser fields in attosecond physics.
Exploding Japanies PV Market and Recovering from Great East Japan Earthquake by Feed-in Tariff
Creators: name: Nakata, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4670-4675
description: Renewable energy is strongly expected after Great East Japan Earthquake. Feed-in tariff (FiT)
introduced in Japan from July 1st, 2012 to promote the renewable energy. PV systems rapidly increased and have a
monopoly on renewable energy with 99.9% of the accredited system numbers. PV domestic shipments expand 2.7
times from the previous year. The 2013 FiT price was reduced 10 % of solar energy, but others were deferred. Thus,
it is clear that FiT is expanding PV market in Japan. Also, the cumulative accredited renewable power of disaster
area: Tohoku is rapidly increasing to reach to 2,374 MW in March 2013. Much renewable energy is planning in
Tohoku. Thus, the disaster area: Tohoku is taking off for recovery from Great Earthquake by FiT.
Rear-Emitter Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Efficiencies above 22%
Creators: name: Kobayashi, E.
name: Nakamura, N.
name: Hashimoto, K.
name: Watabe, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 691-694
description: Higher conversion efficiencies of rear-emitter amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)/crystalline silicon (c-Si)
heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells were observed as compared with those of front-emitter SHJ solar cells, because
of improved fill factors. Conversion efficiency of 22.3% (Isc = 9.06 A, Voc = 0.733 V, F.F. = 0.818) was achieved
with full square 6-inch rear-emitter SHJ solar cells with lightly-doped n-a-Si:H layer instead of non-doped i-a-
Si:H layer between n-c-Si substrate and n+-a-Si:H layer. Module power output of 313.1 W and module efficiency
of 19.2% was achieved with a rear-emitter SHJ module with 3 busbars comprising these 60 cells. In addition,
module power output of 319.83 W and module efficiency of 19.5% was achieved with a rear-emitter SHJ multiwire
module with SmatWire Connecting Technology (SWCT) concept comprising these 60 cells. The approach
presented here can serve as a reasonable method in order to improve the efficiency for SHJ solar cells without
special alignment steps.
Electrons and Holes in Solar Cells with Partial Rear Contacts
Creators: name: Cuevas, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Silicon Solar Cell Characterisation and Modelling

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 703-708
description: When the metal contact of a silicon solar cell is restricted to a fraction of the rear surface, the flow of
electrons and holes towards that contact is constricted, which is beneficial for minority carriers but detrimental for
majority carriers. It is possible to describe their 2D/3D transport and determine their concentration in the vertical and
transversal dimensions of the solar cell by separately analyzing the central region near the contact and the peripheral
region surrounding it. A virtue of such geometric approach is that it establishes a link between analytical models and
computer simulations, providing both physical insight and sufficient accuracy to optimise Partial Rear Contacts
(PRC) devices. In this paper we extend the geometric model to solar cells having a full-area, locally-contacted dopant
diffusion on the rear surface. The case for n-type vs. p-type wafers is considered, and point contacts are compared to
line contacts, including the impact of the metal/semiconductor contact resistivity.
Thermal Effects of Micro-Fin Geometry on a Silicon Receiver for CPV Cooling Purposes
Creators: name: Micheli, L.
name: Sarmah, N.
name: Luo, X.
name: Reddy, K.S.
name: Mallick, T.K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: MATERIAL STUDIES, NEW CONCEPTS, ULTRA-HIGH EFFICIENCY AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 668-671
description: Temperature rising negatively affects all the photovoltaic technologies. This problem becomes
particularly relevant for concentrating photovoltaic (CPV), where the sunlight density is increased up to thousands of
suns and the exchange surfaces are inversely reduced. Furthermore, multijunction cells, most commonly used in CPV
applications, intensely suffer the increasing in temperature. Several technologies, mainly active ones, have been
tested so far to solve this problem. Micro- and nano-technologies can represent a cheap and effective passive solution
for CPV cooling: in particular the application of a micro-fin array leads to a strong improvement of the exchange
surface area. In this work, it has been developed onto a silicon backplate of a 4-cells CPV receiver: different designs
have been developed and tested in a solar simulator and then the results have been compared to those of a flat silicon
wafer. This paper investigates for the first time the effect of geometry of a micro fin array on natural convection on a
silicon backplate of a CPV receiver, in order to minimize the thermal gradient between the solar cell and the cooling
plate. It reports the improving in efficiency related to the application of a micro-fin array replacing a flat wafer. The
correlation among the micro-fins geometric parameters (such as fins spacing and fins thickness) and the cooling
efficiency of the array has been sorted out as well.
Design of a remotely operated hydraulic transmission vehicle
Creators: name: Graber, Joshua
name: Helms, Wyatt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019

description: The following paper presents work performed to design, build, and test a remotely
operated hydraulic transmission vehicle. The vehicle is intended for use as an educational
demonstration device to illustrate hydraulic system concepts for students at all levels of
education. The system uses a remote-control car transmitter and receiver to control a
proportional directional control valve. The valve changes the direction and amount of flow
between a hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor. An electric motor, set to operate at a constant
no-load speed, serves as the prime mover for the hydraulic system. The layout of the system is
open such that the operation of components is visible to an observer. In addition, the system
contains translucent components where possible to allow observation of fluid flow through the
system. The vehicle could be used in anything from an outreach event to a senior-level fluid
power course. The result of the design was a system that: weighed under 35 pounds; had
maximum dimensions of 18 inches, 21 inches, and 10 inches; had visible operations and
components; was remotely operated; and featured a hydraulic transmission.
Model and data for the estimation of the probability of detection of chronic wasting disease in certain European countries
Creators: name: Viljugrein, Hildegunn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CWD
subject: sensitivity
subject: surveillance
subject: probability
subject: scenario tree
subject: primary sampling unit
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C162
subject: http://id.agrisemantics.org/gacs/C150

description: Scenario tree model for estimation of the probability of detection of chronic wasting disease in certain European countries, using the surveillance data 2017-2021. The function «rsu.sep.rb2st» from the R-package epiR (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/epiR/vignettes/epiR_surveillance.html) was used to estimate the surveillance system sensitivity (SSe) for detecting CWD Ly+ form in a cervid species for a two-stage sampling system in a country (primary sampling unit (PSU) and individuals within PSU), including a single risk factor at animal level: fit for human consumption (HSHC) (low risk) versus unfit for human consumption (HSNHC). The SSe was estimated for: all cervids except Norwegian wild reindeer, semi-domesticated reindeer, moose, red deer, roe deer and farmed red deer. Associated datasets are included to porudce the same results as in the EFSA's scientific opinion on monitoring of chronic wasting disease (CWD) (IV), sections 3.1.7 and Appendix C
description: EU; EN; R code; biohaw@efsa.europa.eu
Recent Progress and Options for Future Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Brendel, R.
name: Dullweber, T.
name: Gogolin, R.
name: Hannebauer, H.
name: Harder, N.-P.
name: Hensen, J.
name: Kajari-Schröder, S.
name: Peibst, R.
name: Petermann, J.H.
name: Römer, U.
name: Schmidt, J.
name: Schulte-Huxel, H.
name: Steckenreiter, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 676-690
description: Crystalline silicon is the world’s workhorse for tapping the power of the sun. The past has seen a fast
growth of the production volume that professionalized the evolutionary development and continuously generated
innovations. We briefly describe recent progress in the three fields of (i) p-type screen-printed cells, (ii) n-type
interdigitated back-contacted cells, and (iii) silicon heterojunction solar cells. The evolutionary development in these
fields is likely to continue. We report on some contributions of ISFH to this development such as the gas phase etch back
(GEB) process for realizing selective emitters with a single additional process step. Efficiencies beyond 20% are
increasingly feasible in mass production by various cell technologies. Thus, future technologies will rather differentiate in
cost per area than in efficiency. Material saving becomes more and more important. We discuss (iv) thin-film kerfless c-
Si technologies that fully avoid the ingot growth and the sawing of the wafers. A key advantage of today’s a-Si thin-film
photovoltaics is the integrated fabrication of cells and modules. (v) Thin film/wafer-hybrid Si (HySi) technologies that
process large-area modules as in the thin-film world and replace the a-Si absorber by thin kerfless c-Si could simplify the
process chain. This requires module level processing of crystalline Si cells which is a new field of research. Any
revolutionary kerfless Si technology greatly enhances its chance for success if it draws advantage of past and future
improvements in the conventional wafer technology. The PolCa technology introduced here builds on this strategy. The
PolCa wafer is a crystalline kerfless Si wafer that is electronically thin and monocrystalline and is mechanically thick due
to a polycrystalline Si carrier deposited from the gas phase. It is a drop in replacement for standard c-Si wafers. We also
demonstrate that poly-Si/Si interfaces allow for diode saturation currents of 4 to 15 fA/cm2. They are thus an attractive
option for high-temperature stable high-efficiency cells with a process as simple as that of SHJ cells.
SOLAR-ERA.NET ERA-NET on Solar Electricity for the Implementation of the Solar Europe Industry Initiative
Creators: name: Nowak, S.
name: Gutschner, M.
name: Oberholzer, S.
name: Hünnekes, C.
name: Bastek, H.
name: Biedrawa, M.
name: Schulte, M.
name: Rabe, S.
name: Wikman, K.
name: Maijanen, A.
name: Durand, Y.
name: Coulaud, C.
name: Herrero, J.
name: Trigo Escalera, J.F.
name: Polain, L.
name: Marlier, J.
name: De Clercq, E.
name: Van Overmeire, S.
name: Ostapczuk, A.
name: Swiderska, M.
name: Karaösz, K.
name: Dogan, I.
name: Bernsen, O.
name: Tselepis, S.
name: Inglis, C.
name: Antoniou, L.
name: Sergidou-Loizou, I.
name: Agrimi, A.
name: Tornabene, D.
name: Montagnino, F.
name: Zillner, T.
name: Fahringer, F.
name: Lutter, E.
name: Wörther, G.
name: Karlsson, S.
name: Walla, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4595-4597
description: SOLAR-ERA.NET is a network that brings together more than 20 RTD and innovation programmes in
the field of solar electricity technologies in the European Research Area. The network of national and regional
funding organisations has been established in order to increase transnational cooperation between RTD and
innovation programmes and to contribute to achieving the objectives of the Solar Europe Industry Initiative (SEII)
through dedicated transnational activities (especially transnational calls). SOLAR-ERA.NET is an EU funded FP7
project running from 2012 to 2016. Through the support of the funding organisations, more than 100 MEUR shall be
mobilised for transnational RTD and innovation projects.
A comparative study of TiO2 nanoparticles and Cu(II)/TiO2 nanocomposites on photodegradation of cinnamic acid (CA) under natural sunlight and artificial UV light
Creators: name: Manpetch, Panlekha
name: Singhapong, Wadwan
name: Jaroenworaluck, Angkhana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Surfaces of TiO2 nanoparticles decorated with Cu(II) nanoparticles as Cu(II)/TiO2 nanocomposites, were prepared via a grafting process for a comparative study on photodegradation of recalcitrant cinnamic acid (CA) in aqueous solutions. In this study, CA was used as a model representing for the wastewater from agricultural industries containing phenolic compounds. Photodegradation of CA in the solutions by TiO2 nanoparticles and Cu(II)/TiO2 nanocomposites under natural sunlight and artificial UV light, were investigated. CA concentrations in the solutions were determined from the highest peak intensities at 271 nm, detected by a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. Under 90 min of the irradiation of both light sources, CA concentrations in the solutions were degraded by Cu(II)/TiO2 nanocomposites higher and quicker than those of TiO2 nanoparticles. According to the reusability test results, both TiO2 nanoparticles and Cu(II)/TiO2 nanocomposites have potential to reuse at least three cycles. Intermediate compounds formed during the irradiation of UV light, were identified by XPS analysis confirming that CA gradually changed to be nontoxic compounds. A mechanism for the CA photodegradation pathways in the solutions by Cu(II)/TiO2 nanocomposites was proposed according to the analysis.
Template Matching via Densities on the Roto-Translation Group
Creators: name: Bekkers, Erik J.
name: Loog, Marco
name: Romeny, Bart M. ter Haar
name: Duits, Remco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a template matching method for the detection of 2D image objects that are characterized by orientation patterns. Our method is based on data representations via orientation scores, which are functions on the space of positions and orientations, and which are obtained via a wavelet-type transform. This new representation allows us to detect orientation patterns in an intuitive and direct way, namely via cross-correlations. Additionally, we propose a generalized linear regression framework for the construction of suitable templates using smoothing splines. Here, it is important to recognize a curved geometry on the position-orientation domain, which we identify with the Lie group SE(2): the roto-translation group. Templates are then optimized in a B-spline basis, and smoothness is defined with respect to the curved geometry. We achieve state-of-the-art results on three different applications: detection of the optic nerve head in the retina (99.83% success rate on 1737 images), of the fovea in the retina (99.32% success rate on 1616 images), and of the pupil in regular camera images (95.86% on 1521 images). The high performance is due to inclusion of both intensity and orientation features with effective geometric priors in the template matching. Moreover, our method is fast due to a cross-correlation based matching approach.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, 5 appendices. Paper accepted at ieee transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Inteligence (ieee tPAMI)
Gemini surfactant based-organomontmorillonites: preparation, characterization and application in pickering emulsion
Creators: name: Taleb, Khadidja
name: Saidi-Besbes, Salima
name: Pillin, Isabelle
name: Grohens, Yves
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: To investigate the efficiency of gemini surfactant based organoclays (OMts) for the stabilization of O/W emulsions, different ammonium gemini surfactants with semi-rigid hydrophobic chains and spacer lengths were used for the modification of sodium montmorillionite (Mt). The composition and morphology of the resulting organoclays were characterized by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that these surfactants are more efficient than conventional surfactants and hydrocarbon type gemini surfactant analogous in the modification of Mt. An important increase of the d-spacing values was obtained particularly for long hydrocarbon chains and spacers. The OMt’s thermal properties and hydrophobicity were also governed by the structure of surfactants. The stabilizing behavior of gemini surfactants, OMt as well as surfactant/OMt mixtures in oil/water (1:1, v/v) emulsions was investigated by macroscopic and microscopic morphological observations. Better stabilization was achieved by G(10-4-10) surfactant bearing decyl chains and OMts with high surfactant concentration.
Proximal Distance Algorithms: Theory and Examples
Creators: name: Keys, Kevin L.
name: Zhou, Hua
name: Lange, Kenneth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C59, 90C26, 65K05

description: Proximal distance algorithms combine the classical penalty method of constrained minimization with distance majorization. If $f(\boldsymbol{x})$ is the loss function, and $C$ is the constraint set in a constrained minimization problem, then the proximal distance principle mandates minimizing the penalized loss $f(\boldsymbol{x})+\fracρ{2}\mathop{dist}(x,C)^2$ and following the solution $\boldsymbol{x}_ρ$ to its limit as $ρ$ tends to $\infty$. At each iteration the squared Euclidean distance $\mathop{dist}(\boldsymbol{x},C)^2$ is majorized by the spherical quadratic $\| \boldsymbol{x}-P_C(\boldsymbol{x}_k)\|^2$, where $P_C(\boldsymbol{x}_k)$ denotes the projection of the current iterate $\boldsymbol{x}_k$ onto $C$. The minimum of the surrogate function $f(\boldsymbol{x})+\fracρ{2}\|\boldsymbol{x}-P_C(\boldsymbol{x}_k)\|^2$ is given by the proximal map $\mathop{prox}_{ρ^{-1}f}[P_C(\boldsymbol{x}_k)]$. The next iterate $\boldsymbol{x}_{k+1}$ automatically decreases the original penalized loss for fixed $ρ$. Since many explicit projections and proximal maps are known, it is straightforward to derive and implement novel optimization algorithms in this setting. These algorithms can take hundreds if not thousands of iterations to converge, but the stereotyped nature of each iteration makes proximal distance algorithms competitive with traditional algorithms. For convex problems, we prove global convergence. Our numerical examples include a) linear programming, b) nonnegative quadratic programming, c) projection to the closest kinship matrix, d) projection onto a second-order cone constraint, e) calculation of Horn's copositive matrix index, f) linear complementarity programming, and g) sparse principal components analysis. The proximal distance algorithm in each case is competitive or superior in speed to traditional methods.
description: 23 pages, 2 figures, 7 tables
Activated carbon, zeolite, and ceramics immobilized TiO2 photocatalysts for the enhanced sequential uptake of dyes and Cd2+ ions
Creators: name: Saqib, Najm Us
name: Adnan, Rohana
name: Shah, Irfan
name: Arshad, Muhammad
name: Inam, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The post-reaction separation in heterogeneous catalysis always remained a point of concern for nanoparticle application in an aqueous medium. This study corroborates the immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on various solid supports such as activated carbon (AC), zeolite (Z), and ceramics (CCTO) materials. Economically viable and facile impregnation methods were employed to obtain a high mass yield (up to 95%) of immobilized TiO2 NPs. The characterizations of tailored materials were performed by using XRD, BET, UV-Vis DRS, SEM, and pH of the point of zero charges (pHpzc) analyses. The immobilization of TiO2 NPs significantly altered the physicochemical properties and ultimately enhanced the photocatalytic activities under ordinary compact fluorescent light (CFL). To investigate the photocatalytic performance of immobilized materials, model dyes e.g., Methyl Orange (MO) and Methylene Blue (MB) were considered in addition to the heavy metal ions i.e., Cd2+. The immobilization of TiO2 on solid supports revealed better performance for all tshree systems; whereby the AC@TiO2 exhibited higher efficiency as compared to the counterparts i.e., Z@TiO2 and CCTO@TiO2. In binary solutions (MB:Cd2+ and MO:Cd2+), the synergistic effect of the photo-generated positive hole scavenger (MB) and electron trapper (Cd2+) further enhances the removal efficiencies. The regeneration studies showed similar performance as that of the fresh samples, whereby the photocatalytic efficiencies were found to decrease for the consecutive cycles. The immobilization of titania NPs on various solid supports such as activated carbon, zeolite, and ceramics revealed the better photocatalytic performances of the immobilized materials. Moreover, the immobilization affected the bandgap energies for better photocatalytic performances under visible light.
Photovoltaics in Europe: Reality, Potentiality and Responsibility
Creators: name: Menna, P.
name: Gambi, R.
name: Howes, T.
name: Gillett, W.
name: Tondi, G.
name: Harris, F.
name: Belloni, F.
name: De Bonis, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2013
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Barriers

description: 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4598-4603
description: We first present the Renewable Energy Progress Report published under the framework of the 2009 Renewable
Energy Directive, assessing EU Member States' progress in the promotion and use of renewable energy along the trajectory
towards the 2020 targets. We also describe the European policy framework and envisage its development for preparing the
right regulatory, industrial and technological configuration and legal instruments for the post 2020 environment. Then we
present the results of the 7th Framework programme (FP7), highlighting the newly selected projects and breakthroughs, and
discuss the investments operated in the various strands of photovoltaic activities. It is worth to recall that the last calls of FP7
have been already published. Horizon 2020, the next framework programme for research and innovation for the 2014-2020
period, is already in an advanced phase of preparation. Thirdly, we discuss the activities carried out under the second
Intelligent Energy Europe (IEE) Programme aiming at transforming the PV market. Finally, we describe the implementation of
the Solar European Industrial Initiative of the SET-Plan. The increasing deployment of variable renewables in the EU adds to
the challenges for their integration and their balancing in the electricity system. The pioneering phase of “install and forget” is
over. We have now reached the phase of responsibility, requiring economic efficiency to integrate the growing share of
renewable electricity into the energy market.