cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission in the Two-Component Jet Model for Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Sato, Yuri
name: Obayashi, Kaori
name: Zhang, B. Theodre
name: Tanaka, Shuta J.
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Ohira, Yutaka
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense bursts of high-energy photons (prompt emissions) caused by relativistic jets. After the emissions, multi-wavelength afterglows, from radio to very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray, last for more than a few days. In the past three years, the VHE gamma-ray photons from four GRBs (GRBs 180720B, 190114C, 190829A and 201216C) were detected by ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes, such as the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescopes and the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.). One of them, GRB 190829A, had some peculiar features of showing achromatic peaks in X-ray and optical bands at $1.4\times10^3$ s and being classified as low-luminosity GRBs. Previously, we proposed a two-component jet model, which has `narrow jet' with a small initial opening half-angle $θ_0=0.015$ rad and large bulk Lorentz factor $Γ_0=350$, and `wide jet' with $θ_0=0.1$ rad and $Γ_0=20$. The narrow jet explained the early X-ray and optical emissions and apparently small isotropic gamma-ray energy and peak energy in the off-axis viewing case. Furthermore, the late X-ray and radio (1.3 and 15.5 GHz) afterglows were emitted from the wide jet. Here, we calculate the VHE gamma-ray flux by the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emission. The multi-wavelength afterglows of GRB 190829A including the VHE gamma-ray emission are well explained by our two-component jet model. The afterglow emissions from our two-component jet are also consistent with the observational results of GRBs 180720B, 190114C and 201216C, when the jets are viewed on-axis. Furthermore, we discuss the detectability of off-axis orphan afterglows by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, JHEAp, in press
Chromospheric evaporation flows and density changes deduced from Hinode/EIS during an M1.6 flare
Creators: name: Gömöry, P.
name: Veronig, A. M.
name: Su, Y.
name: Temmer, M.
name: Thalmann, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed high-cadence sit-and-stare observations acquired with the Hinode/EIS spectrometer and HXR measurements acquired with RHESSI during an M-class flare. During the flare impulsive phase, we observe no significant flows in the cooler Fe XIII line but strong upflows, up to 80-150 km/s, in the hotter Fe XVI line. The largest Doppler shifts observed in the Fe XVI line were co-temporal with the sharp intensity peak. The electron density obtained from a Fe XIII line pair ratio exhibited fast increase (within two minutes) from the pre-flare level of 5.01x10^(9) cm^(-3) to 3.16x10^(10) cm^(-3) during the flare peak. The nonthermal energy flux density deposited from the coronal acceleration site to the lower atmospheric layers during the flare peak was found to be 1.34x10^(10) erg/s/cm^(2) for a low-energy cut-off that was estimated to be 16 keV. During the decline flare phase, we found a secondary intensity and density peak of lower amplitude that was preceded by upflows of 15 km/s that were detected in both lines. The flare was also accompanied by a filament eruption that was partly captured by the EIS observations. We derived Doppler velocities of 250-300 km/s for the upflowing filament material.The spectroscopic results for the flare peak are consistent with the scenario of explosive chromospheric evaporation, although a comparatively low value of the nonthermal energy flux density was determined for this phase of the flare. This outcome is discussed in the context of recent hydrodynamic simulations. It provides observational evidence that the response of the atmospheric plasma strongly depends on the properties of the electron beams responsible for the heating, in particular the steepness of the energy distribution.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Measurement of spin coherence using Raman scattering
Creators: name: Sun, Zhe
name: Delteil, Aymeric
name: Faelt, Stefan
name: Imamoglu, Atac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ramsey interferometry provides a natural way to determine the coherence time of most qubit systems. Recent experiments on quantum dots however, demonstrated that dynamical nuclear spin polarization can strongly influence the measurement process, making it difficult to extract the $T_2^*$ coherence time using optical Ramsey pulses. Here, we demonstrate an alternative method for spin coherence measurement that is based on first-order coherence of photons generated in spin-flip Raman scattering. We show that if a quantum emitter is driven by a weak monochromatic laser, Raman coherence is determined exclusively by spin coherence, allowing for a direct determination of spin $T_2^*$ time. When combined with coherence measurements on Rayleigh scattered photons, our technique enables us to identify coherent and incoherent contributions to resonance fluorescence, and to minimize the latter. We verify the validity of our technique by comparing our results to those determined from Ramsey interferometry for electron and heavy-hole spins.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Multifunctional Photovoltaic Inverters - Economic Potential of Grid-Connected Multifunctional PV-Battery-Systems in Industrial Environments
Creators: name: Braun, M.
name: Stetz, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: PV Systems
Grid-connected Applications

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3268-3275
description: Power quality and reliability are two very important factors in electrical power supply, particularly for specific branches of industry. “Multifunctional Photovoltaic Inverters” with storage units at the direct current link of the photovoltaic inverter can substitute uninterruptible power supply systems. Installed in industrial facilities, this type of photovoltaic-battery-system can offer additional services such as energy management and peak shaving. This paper presents a thorough analysis of possible services under current German conditions. The most promising services are investigated with regard to the additionally generated profit for the stakeholders involved. With the presented analysis it is shown that this type of photovoltaic-battery-system can provide considerable added value in industrial facilities compared to conventionally available technologies.
TeV-scale Pseudo-Dirac Seesaw Mechanisms in an E$_6$ Inspired Model
Creators: name: Cai, Yi
name: Clarke, Jackson D.
name: Volkas, Raymond R.
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TeV-scale seesaw mechanisms are interesting due to their potential testability at existing collider experiments. Herein we propose an E$_6$-inspired model allowing a TeV-scale pseudo-Dirac singlet neutrino seesaw mechanism with naturally sizeable Yukawa couplings of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$. The model also contains new U(1) gauge interactions (and associated $Z^\prime$ bosons with which the singlet neutrinos can be produced at colliders), typically long-lived colour triplet fermions, SU(2) doublet fermions, and a complex scalar - potentially all at the TeV-scale. Additionally we identify three possible explanations for the 750 GeV di-photon excess.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Edge Illuminated Epitaxial Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Sarnecki, J.
name: Gawlik, G.
name: Teodorczyk, M.
name: Jeremiasz, O.
name: Kozlowski, R.
name: Lipinski, D.
name: Brzozowski, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2611-2614
description: The presented work reports on epitaxialy grown silicon structures with p-n junction designed for
fabrication an edge illuminated solar cells. In this kind of photovoltaic devices sun-light illuminates directly a p-n
junction through the edge of the structure. The edge-illuminated PV cell can cooperate with a luminescent solar
concentrator (LSC) consisted of a polymer foil doped with a luminescent material. The main motivation of
presented work is diminishing the silicon consumption in PV panels. We have proposed a new concept of edge
illuminated solar cells based on silicon epitaxial technique. The technological factors affecting the cells I-V
characteristics and efficiency are discussed.
Towards Artificial Virtuous Agents: Games, Dilemmas and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Vishwanath, Ajay
name: Bøhn, Einar Duenger
name: Granmo, Ole-Christoffer
name: Maree, Charl
name: Omlin, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine ethics has received increasing attention over the past few years because of the need to ensure safe and reliable artificial intelligence (AI). The two dominantly used theories in machine ethics are deontological and utilitarian ethics. Virtue ethics, on the other hand, has often been mentioned as an alternative ethical theory. While this interesting approach has certain advantages over popular ethical theories, little effort has been put into engineering artificial virtuous agents due to challenges in their formalization, codifiability, and the resolution of ethical dilemmas to train virtuous agents. We propose to bridge this gap by using role-playing games riddled with moral dilemmas. There are several such games in existence, such as Papers, Please and Life is Strange, where the main character encounters situations where they must choose the right course of action by giving up something else dear to them. We draw inspiration from such games to show how a systemic role-playing game can be designed to develop virtues within an artificial agent. Using modern day AI techniques, such as affinity-based reinforcement learning and explainable AI, we motivate the implementation of virtuous agents that play such role-playing games, and the examination of their decisions through a virtue ethical lens. The development of such agents and environments is a first step towards practically formalizing and demonstrating the value of virtue ethics in the development of ethical agents.
description: Premature submission of revised revision
Enhanced Light Trapping in a-Si:H Thin Film Solar Cells Deposited on Polyimide Substrate
Creators: name: Tao, K.
name: Zhang, D.
name: Wang, L.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Cai, H.
name: Sui, Y.
name: Sun, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2692-2695
description: This paper has studied the effect of different back contact/substrates on the light trapping of
hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells deposited on polyimide and glass substrates. By evaporating
metal electrode on the substrate and post-treatment, several back contact/substrates with different textured surfaces
were prepared, on which a-Si:H solar cells with n-i-p configuration were deposited using RF-PECVD methods.
Through comparing the performance of these solar cells, a new way for preparing textured ZnO/Al back contact of
solar cells was found, by which light trapping was enhanced effectively without using wet-chemical etching step. As
a result, the solar cells’ conversion efficiency based on polyimide can compare with that based on glass.
Temperature and Intensity Dependence of Twelve Photovoltaic Technologies
Creators: name: Zinsser, B.
name: Makrides, G.
name: Schubert, M.B.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: PV Systems
Grid-connected Applications

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3249-3252
description: In close cooperation with the University of Cyprus, the Universität Stuttgart operates two identical sets of similar photovoltaic (PV) systems of different technologies at the locations Stuttgart (Germany) and Nicosia (Cyprus) since 2006. This paper analyzes the temperature and irradiance dependence of the twelve installed PV technologies. Performance data of the year 2007 are normalized and fitted to determine the temperature and irradiance coefficients at the maximum power point (mpp) of the PV generators. At high temperature as well as under low light conditions, the two thin film technologies of amorphous silicon and CdTe present the best relative performance. Crystalline silicon technologies exhibit almost similar coefficients of their temperature (gPmpp = ~-0.5 %/K) and irradiance dependence. The total energy yield of the PV systems during the year 2007, however, shows no discernible effect of temperature and irradiance coefficients of the different technologies.
RF Superimposed Pulsed DC Sputtering of Transparent Conductive Oxides (TCO) for Solar Cell Applications
Creators: name: Heimke, B.
name: Kopte, T.
name: Hartung, U.
name: Nyderle, R.
name: Junghähnel, M.
name: Krause, U.
name: Braun, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2645-2648
description: Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layers are used as transparent front contact layers in thin film solar cell systems
and other applications. The commonly used DC/pulsed DC sputtering technique provides low resistivity TCO thin
films and is, most importantly, applicable to large area in-line processes. The RF superimposed DC as well as the
synchronal pulsed RF superimposed DC sputtering process results in even better film growing properties at high
deposition rates. The synchronal pulsing of the sputtering power leads to stable process conditions and uniform thin
film growing.
Indium based (ITO; IZO), zinc based (ZnO:Al) and tin based (TZO) TCO materials have been investigated. With
increasing RF power ratio the resistivity of the TCO films can be reduced in comparison to DC sputtering without
additional heat exposure to the substrate or any sub layer. In addition, the electron mobility of the TCO films can be
increased.
Gröbner Fans of x-homogeneous Ideals in R[[t]][x]
Creators: name: Markwig, Thomas
name: Ren, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P10, 13F25, 16W60, 12J25, 16W60

description: We generalise the notion of Gröbner fan to ideals in R[[t]][x_1,...,x_n] for certain classes of coefficient rings R and give a constructive proof that the Gröbner fan is a rational polyhedral fan. For this we introduce the notion of initially reduced standard bases and show how these can be computed in finite time. We deduce algorithms for computing the Gröbner fan, implemented in the computer algebra system Singular. The problem is motivated by the wish to compute tropical varieties over the p-adic numbers, which are the intersection of a subfan of a Gröbner fan as studied in this paper by some affine hyperplane, as shown in a forthcoming paper.
description: 46 pages
Space Experiments of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin-Film Solar Cells by Japanese Small Satellites
Creators: name: Kawakita, S.
name: Imaizumi, M.
name: Takahashi, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Solar Cells, Modules and PV Systems for Space Applications

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 210-213
description: We have demonstrated the in-orbit performance of CIGS solar cells by using Japanese small satellites since
2002. CIGS solar cells on the MDS-1 satellite were exposed in a GTO environment for about 600 days. The short-circuit
current of the CIGS cells did not degrade, and the open-circuit voltage of the cells degraded by only 3%, proving their high
radiation tolerance. The results also supported the theory that no shielding materials such as coverglass would be necessary
for CIGS solar cells to protect against radiation degradation in space. We have been operating the Cubesat XI-V satellite for
more than five years since October 2005. A CIGS cell module without coverglass was mounted on one of the surface planes
and the generation current of the module has been monitored. The result to date shows that the generation current trend of
the CIGS module has demonstrated constant values during more than five years in orbit. The flight data proves that the
performance of CIGS cells remains constant, even without a coverglass. These results from space demonstrations must prove
the potential for the use of CIGS solar cells in space.
Strong monogamy of multi-party quantum entanglement for partially coherently superposed states
Creators: name: Kim, Jeong San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an evidence for the validity of strong monogamy inequality of multi-party quantum entanglement using square of convex-roof extended negativity(SCREN). We first consider a large class of multi-qudit mixed state that are in a partially coherent superposition of a generalized W-class state and the vacuum, and provide some useful properties about this class of states. We show that monogamy inequality of multi-qudit entanglement in terms of SCREN holds for this class of states. We further show that SCREN strong monogamy inequality of multi-qudit entanglement also holds for this class of states. Thus SCREN is a good alternative to characterize the monogamous and strongly monogamous properties of multi-qudit entanglement.
description: 10 pages, no figure, to appear in Physical Review A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.07673
Influence of Heat Treatments and Doping on the Properties of Titanium Dioxide Used in Solar Hydrogen Production
Creators: name: McDonnell, K.A.
name: Dang, B.H.Q.
name: Rahman, M.
name: English, N.
name: Dowling, D.P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 268-271
description: This study investigates the effect of thermal treatments on titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings doped with the trivalent
metallic cation chromium (Cr). Doped thin films were prepared by the co-sputtering of Ti and Cr in a closed-field
magnetron sputtering system. As-deposited coatings exhibited an amorphous structure; hence, post-deposition thermal
treatments were required to transform the TiO2 into its more photoactive anatase form. This thermal transformation was
carried out using both a novel microwave plasma treatment along with conventional furnace treatments. Crystallite size,
surface morphology and optical properties were all found to be dependent on the concentration of dopant within the thin
film. Anatase crystallites, for all thermal treatments, decreased in size with increasing Cr concentration. Surface
roughness was also observed through optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy to increase with increasing Cr
concentration. A decrease in the band gap with increasing Cr concentration was seen. Microwave plasma heat treatments
were demonstrated to be a rapid and energy-efficient method for thermally treatment of thin films.
Dust and gas density evolution at a radial pressure bump in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Taki, Tetsuo
name: Fujimoto, Masaki
name: Ida, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the simultaneous evolution of dust and gas density profiles at a radial pressure bump located in a protoplanetary disk. If dust particles are treated as test particles, a radial pressure bump traps dust particles that drift radially inward. As the dust particles become more concentrated at the gas pressure bump, however, the drag force from dust to gas (back-reaction), which is ignored in a test-particle approach, deforms the pressure bump. We find that the pressure bump is completely deformed by the back-reaction when the dust-to-gas mass ratio reaches $\sim 1$ for a slower bump restoration. The direct gravitational instability of dust particles is inhibited by the bump destruction. In the dust-enriched region, the radial pressure support becomes $\sim 10-100$ times lower than the global value set initially. Although the pressure bump is a favorable place for streaming instability (SI), the flattened pressure gradient inhibits SI from forming large particle clumps corresponding to $100-1000$ km sized bodies, which has been previously proposed. If SI occurs there, the dust clumps formed would be $10-100$ times smaller, that is, of about $1 - 100$ km.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Towards an All-Solution Processed Polymer Solar Cell
Creators: name: Veenstra, S.
name: Grossiord, N.
name: Galagan, Y.
name: Andriessen, R.
name: Blom, P.
name: Verhees, W.
name: Slooff, L.H.
name: Kroon, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Organic-based PV

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 214-217
description: To reduce the costs of polymer solar cells it is important to develop a fully solution processed route. Although
several successful generic routes to solution processed hole collecting electrodes have been shown, this is not the case
for the electron collecting electrode of polymers cells, as it is hard to find a solution processable low workfunction,
low ohmic, electron collecting electrode. Here an efficient recombination layer is described formed by the
combination of ZnO and PEDOT and applied in an electron collecting layer. The ZnO contacts the conduction band
of the acceptor material to collect electrons from the absorber layer. Since ZnO is a wide bandgap material, it also
acts as an exciton and hole blocking layer. Electrons collected by the ZnO layer easily recombine with holes from the
highly doped, high conductive PEDOT layer. The performance of a device with a recombination layer is compared in
a standard as well as inverted polymer solar cells. The performance of the device with the PEDOT/ZnO
recombination layer deviates less than 10 % from similarly processed standard and inverted device structures.
Annealing Effects on Titania Doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO:Ti) and Gallium Doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO:Ga) Thin Films Prepared by DC Magnetron Sputtering
Creators: name: Heimke, B.
name: Hartung, U.
name: Kopte, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3021-3025
description: Transparent conductive oxides (TCO) are used as transparent electrodes in thin film solar cells. Especially for CdTe
solar cells, the successive production processes require high temperature stability for the TCO material. ZnO:Ti and
ZnO:Ga thin layers can resist temperatures up to 600°C while having a smooth surface and good electrical and
optical properties.
Layers of zinc oxide doped with titania or gallium oxide were deposited on glass substrates using magnetron
sputtering from a single planar cathode (length of 750mm). The thin film properties were investigated and compared
to aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al).
The sputtering power was set to the upper load limit of the targets to deposit thick layers with a deposition rate of
more than 100 nm·m/min. Additionally, the thin films were annealed at high temperatures of up to 600°C in vacuum
or ambient air. Depending on the sputtering parameters and the annealing treatment the resulting resistivity was less
than 300 μWcm for ZnO:Ga and less than 1000 μWcm for ZnO:Ti with a high transmission in the visible spectral
range. In contrast to ZnO:Al layers, the electrical properties of ZnO:Ga and ZnO:Ti thin films do not deteriorate at
high annealing temperatures.
The thin films were analyzed by UV-VIS spectroscopy as well as Hall measurements. SEM and XRD measurements
were carried out to examine the thin film surface and structure.
Improvement on Fermionic properties and new isotope production in molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Wang, Ning
name: Wu, Tong
name: Zeng, Jie
name: Yang, Yongxu
name: Ou, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering momentum transfer in the Fermi constraint procedure, the stability of the initial nuclei and fragments produced in heavy-ion collisions can be further improved in the quantum molecular dynamics simulations. The case of the phase space occupation probability larger than one is effectively reduced with the proposed procedure. Simultaneously, the energy conservation can be better described for both individual nuclei and heavy-ion reactions. With the revised version of the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) model, the fusion excitation functions of $^{16}$O+$^{186}$W and the central collisions of Au+Au at 35 AMeV are re-examined. The fusion cross sections at sub-barrier energies and the charge distribution of fragments are relatively better reproduced due to the reduction of spurious nucleon emission. The charge and isotope distribution of fragments in Xe+Sn, U+U and Zr+Sn at intermediate energies are also predicted. More unmeasured extremely neutron-rich fragments with $Z=16-28$ are observed in the central collisions of $^{238}$U+$^{238}$U than that of $^{96}$Zr+$^{124}$Sn, which indicates that multi-fragmentation of U+U may offer a fruitful pathway to new neutron-rich isotopes.
description: 8 figures, to appear in J. Phys. G
Energy Production of CPV Power Plants: 0.5 MW Demonstration in Central Spain
Creators: name: Nishikawa, W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: PV Systems
Grid-connected Applications

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 3240-3244
description: Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) technology is on the brink of large-scale deployment into the global solar market following technology demonstration programs such as the ISFOC program in Castilla La Mancha, Spain. Two CPV plants totaling 0.5 MW peak AC capacity using SolFocus’ reflective-based concentrator systems were installed and calculations of energy production for these CPV plants are compared to conventional Silicon and
emerging Thin Film (TF) systems. A CPV power rating using an IEC concentrator standard test conditions (CSTC) is described and the process of normalizing on-sun measurements using empirical and theoretical methods is shown. Based upon these CPV power ratings and key performance factors such as temperature coefficient, the energy output metric as measured by energy produced (kWh) per peak power installed (kWp) illustrate the CPV system advantages for power plants and are estimated to be 15% greater than comparable Silicon and TF plants. The value and cost efficacy of CPV systems are clearly shown when using levelized cost of energy (LCOE), in cents per kWh, as the metric which represents costs and energy production of a project over its lifetime, rather than the PV industry metric of dollars per Watt. When using LCOE to compare for PV projects, CPV technology has the promise of rapidly decrease electricity costs over time is much greater than Si and TF systems. As a result of the energy production capability from SolFocus’ 0.5 MW installation, a CPV cost reduction roadmap illustrates panel efficiency and volume pathways for CPV to break through average PV system costs into industry leading-edge costs approaching grid priced electricity by year end of 2010.
Improving a-Si/µc-Si Thin Film Solar Cell Coatings by New Process Power Supplies
Creators: name: Volkmar, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2619-2622
description: Thin film solar cell production is a strongly emerging industry with an immense potential for the future. Key is a variety
of plasma-based deposition processes. Film quality, throughput and process repeatability characterize the level of
modern film deposition tools. In the age of solar cell mass production, economic factors like cost optimization and
energy efficiency determine the potential and value of a given solar cell production technology.
As a key component in thin film depositions tools, plasma power supplies have a strong influence on all of the above
criteria. Improvements in power supply technology directly result in better and lower cost solar cells. HÜTTINGER
introduces two new types of plasma power supply technologies. The new features are specifically tuned to achieve the
required top results in quality, repeatability and cost leadership for solar cell production.
The Anti-Reflection Effect of Microcrystalline Silicon Carbide Window Layers in High Efficiency Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Chen, T.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Lambertz, A.
name: Yang, D.
name: Carius, R.
name: Finger, F.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2638-2640
description: Stoichiometric microcrystalline silicon carbide (μc-SiC:H) thin films prepared by Hot Wire Chemical
Vapor Deposition (HWCVD) at low substrate temperature (< 300 °C) have been successfully applied in microcrystalline
silicon (μc-Si:H) thin film solar cells as the window layers. These cells have the configuration of n-i-p and get
illuminated from n-side. The influence of the μc-SiC:H window layer thickness on the cell performance is investigated
to optimize the performance of the window layer. It is demonstrated that μc-SiC:H window layers show not only
high transparency but also an anti-reflection effect in μc-Si:H thin film solar cells.
Hardware-Software Co-Design of BIKE with HLS-Generated Accelerators
Creators: name: Montanaro, Gabriele
name: Galimberti, Andrea
name: Colizzi, Ernesto
name: Zoni, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In order to mitigate the security threat of quantum computers, NIST is undertaking a process to standardize post-quantum cryptosystems, aiming to assess their security and speed up their adoption in production scenarios. Several hardware and software implementations have been proposed for each candidate, while only a few target heterogeneous platforms featuring CPUs and FPGAs. This work presents a HW/SW co-design of BIKE for embedded platforms featuring both CPUs and small FPGAs and employs high-level synthesis (HLS) to timely deliver the hardware accelerators. In contrast to state-of-the-art solutions targeting performance-optimized HLS accelerators, the proposed solution targets the small FPGAs implemented in the heterogeneous platforms for embedded systems. Compared to the software-only execution of BIKE, the experimental results collected on the systems-on-chip of the entire Xilinx Zynq-7000 family highlight a performance speedup ranging from 1.37x, on Z-7010, to 2.78x, on Z-7020.
Size estimates of an obstacle in a stationary Stokes fluid
Creators: name: Beretta, E.
name: Cavaterra, C.
name: Ortega, J. H.
name: Zamorano, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R30, 65M32, 76D07, 76D03

description: In this work we are interested in estimating the size of a cavity D immersed in a bounded domain Ω, contained in R^d, d=2,3, filled with a viscous fluid governed by the Stokes system, by means of velocity and Cauchy forces on the external boundary of Ω. More precisely, we establish some lower and upper bounds in terms of the difference between the external measurements when the obstacle is present and without the object. The proof of the result is based on interior regularity results and quantitative estimates of unique continuation for the solution of the Stokes system.
The Properties of Un-Doped SnO2 Buffer Layers and Their Effect on the Performances of CdTe Solar Cells
Creators: name: Zeng, G.
name: Cai, Y.
name: Wang, W.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Li, B.
name: Wu, L.
name: Li, W.
name: Feng, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3010-3011
description: Decreasing CdS thickness is one of the effective ways to improve the conversion efficiency of CdS/CdTe solar cells.
However, the decrease in CdS thickness may lead to the adverse effects on devices. In order to eliminate these effects, it is
necessary to introduce a buffer layer between CdS and front electrode. In this paper, the un-doped SnO2 thin films with
different thickness, as buffer layers, have been deposited by magnetic reactive sputtering. Then the films have been annealed
at 550 in N2/O2=4:1 ambience for 30 minutes. The properties of the films before and after annealing were studied by AFM
and UV-vis. The results show that, after annealing, surface topography has been improved, and higher than 80% transparency
has been obtained. The performances of cells with un- doped SnO2 show that the response of short-wave has been improved;
higher Jsc and FF have been achieved. As a result, after introducing a buffer layer, the device duplication and uniformity has
been improved.
Entanglement robustness in Heisenberg spin chains coupled to dissipative environment at finite temperature
Creators: name: Sadiek, Gehad
name: Almalki, Samaher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a finite one-dimensional Heisenberg XYZ spin chain under the influence of dissipative Lindblad environment obeying the Born-Markovian constrain in presence of an external magnetic field. We apply both closed and open boundary conditions at zero and finite temperature. We present an exact numerical solution for the Lindblad master equation of the system in the Liouville space. we find that, in the free spin chain (in absence of any environment), the entanglement at all ranges evolve in time in a non-uniform oscillatory form that changes significantly depending on the initial state, system size and the spatial anisotropy. The oscillatory behavior is suppressed once the system is coupled to the environment. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of the entanglement, nearest neighbor and beyond, in the system under the influence of the environment at zero temperature is very sensitive to the x-y spatial anisotropy, which causes them to reach either a zero or a finite sustainable steady state value regardless of the initial state of the system. The anisotropy in the $z-$direction may enhance the entanglement depending on the interplay with the magnetic field applied in the same direction. As the temperature is raised, the steady state of the short range entanglements is found to be robust within very small non-zero temperature range, which depends critically on the spatial anisotropy of the system. The entanglement at each range depends differently on the spatial anisotropy. Moreover, the end to end entanglement transfer time and speed through the open boundary chain vary significantly based on the degree of anisotropy and the temperature of the environment.
description: 31 pages, 18 captioned figured
Theoretical Study of Multilayer Luminescent Solar Concentrators Using a Monte Carlo Approach
Creators: name: Flores Daorta, S.
name: Liscidini, M.
name: Andreani, L.C.
name: Scudo, P.
name: Fusco, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 264-267
description: This work presents a theoretical study of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) based on a ray-tracing
technique with a Monte Carlo approach. In particular, we focus on two systems: one in which the LSC is constituted
of a slab and another in which the luminescent layer is sandwiched between two transparent layers. Our aim is to
calculate the relation among the absorbed, re-emitted, and guided light as well as to calculate the generated
photocurrent. The conversion efficiency is studied as a function of the LSC size and dye concentration. The
combination of two or more kinds of dyes is discussed.
An exact limit of ABJM
Creators: name: Bianchi, Marco S.
name: Leoni, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study planar ABJM in a limit where one coupling is negligible compared to the other. We provide a recipe for exactly solving the expectation value of bosonic BPS Wilson loops on arbitrary smooth contours, or the leading divergence for cusped ones, using results from localization. As an application, we compute the exact (generalized) cusp anomalous dimension and Bremsstrahlung function and use it to determine the interpolating $h$-function. We finally prove a conjecture on the exact form of the dilatation operator in a closed sector, hinting at the integrability of this limit.
description: 5 pages
Study of Electro-Optical Properties of CdTe Solar Cells Prepared by a Low Temperature Fabrication Process
Creators: name: Allodi, V.
name: Rimmaudo, I.
name: Salavei, A.
name: Romeo, A.
name: Armani, N.
name: Fabbri, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe Solar Cells

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3035-3039
description: CdTe solar cells are prepared by a low temperature vacuum evaporation, a process suitable for
growing flexible cells on polymer substrates, together with an alternative activation post-deposition thermal treatment
that avoids the use of dangerous CdCl2. Usual CdCl2 treatment is also employed in order to compare the effect of
Freon and CdCl2 annealing procedure on electro-optical properties of the solar cells. The obtained CdTe/CdS/ITO
structures are studied as function of Freon annealing temperatures and time. For both treatment procedures the CdTe
grain size increase due to the annealing is assessed by SEM analyses. SEM-cathodoluminescence studies show a
large increase in the radiative recombination efficiency of the treated CdTe. The luminescence intensities of CL
bands, of treated samples, increase of about one order of magnitude, respect to the untreated ones, demonstrating an
improvement of the crystalline quality and a decrease of the non-radiative recombination centres in the annealed
materials. EBIC analyses showed that no correlation between grain size and signal exists, in addition the comparison
with cathodoluminescence mapping evidences that these two contributions are coming from different regions of the
sample.
The Fornax Deep Survey with VST. I. The extended and diffuse stellar halo of NGC~1399 out to 192 kpc
Creators: name: Iodice, E.
name: Capaccioli, M.
name: Grado, A.
name: Limatola, L.
name: Spavone, M.
name: Napolitano, N. R.
name: Paolillo, M.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Cantiello, M.
name: Lisker, T.
name: Wittmann, C.
name: Venhola, A.
name: Hilker, M.
name: D'Abrusco, R.
name: Pota, V.
name: Schipani, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abrigded] We have started a new deep, multi-imaging survey of the Fornax cluster, dubbed Fornax Deep Survey (FDS), at the VLT Survey Telescope. In this paper we present the deep photometry inside two square degrees around the bright galaxy NGC1399 in the core of the cluster. We found a very extended and diffuse envelope surrounding the luminous galaxy NGC1399: we map the surface brightness out to 33 arcmin (~ 192 kpc) from the galaxy center and down to about 31 mag/arcsec^2 in the g band. The deep photometry allows us to detect a faint stellar bridge in the intracluster region between NGC1399 and NGC1387. By analyzing the integrated colors of this feature, we argue that it could be due to the ongoing interaction between the two galaxies, where the outer envelope of NGC1387 on its east side is stripped away. By fitting the light profile, we found that it exists a physical break radius in the total light distribution at R=10 arcmin (~58 kpc) that sets the transition region between the bright central galaxy and the outer exponential stellar halo. We discuss the main implications of this work on the build-up of the stellar halo at the center of the Fornax cluster. By comparing with the numerical simulations of the stellar halo formation for the most massive BCGs, we find that the observed stellar halo mass fraction is consistent with a halo formed through the multiple accretion of progenitors with a stellar mass in the range 10^8 - 10^11 M_sun. This might suggest that the halo of NGC1399 has also gone through a major merging event. The absence of a significant number of luminous stellar streams and tidal tails out to 192 kpc suggests that the epoch of this strong interaction goes back to an early formation epoch. Therefore, differently from the Virgo cluster, the extended stellar halo around NGC1399 is characterised by a more diffuse and well-mixed component, including the ICL.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 25 pages and 14 figures. An higher resolution file is available at the following link https://www.dropbox.com/s/fvltppduysdn6pb/NGC1399_fin_2c.pdf?dl=0
1.5 cm/s Surface Recombination Velocity Realized by Cat-CVD SiNx/i-a-Si Double Passivation Layers on Crystalline Si
Creators: name: Koyama, K.
name: Ohdaira, K.
name: Matsumura, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1737-1739
description: The surface recombination velocity (SRV) can be lowered to as low as 1.5 cm/s by using
amorphous Si (a-Si) and Si nitride (SiNx) stacked films prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-
CVD). The values are much lower than the similar reported value those of c-Si wafers passivated by similar
stacked structures formed by remote plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD). It is revealed that plasma- damage -less
deposition of Cat-CVD a-Si insertion layers plays an important role to improve interface quality, and also that
SiNx films are also essential for such dramatic reduction of SRV down to such low levels.
Compton Scattering Driven by Quantum Light
Creators: name: Khalaf, Majed
name: Kaminer, Ido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compton scattering is one of the cornerstones of quantum physics, describing the fundamental interaction of a charged particle with photons. The Compton effect and its inverse are utilized in experiments driving free electrons by high intensity lasers to create trains of attosecond X-ray pulses. So far, all theory and experiments of the Compton effect and its generalizations have relied on electromagnetic fields that can be described classically. Advances in the generation of intense squeezed light could enable driving the Compton effect with non-classical light. This outlook motivates exploring the role of photon statistics in the Compton effect. We develop a framework to describe the full non-perturbative interaction of a charged particle with a driving field ascribed with an arbitrary quantum light state. We obtain analytical results for the Compton emission spectrum when driven by thermal and squeezed vacuum states, showing a noticeable broadening of the emission spectrum relative to a classical (coherent state) drive, thus reaching higher emission frequencies for the same average intensity. We envision utilizing the quantum properties of light, including photon statistics, squeezing, and entanglement, as novel degrees of freedom to control the wide range of radiation phenomena at the foundations of quantum electrodynamics.
High-Efficiency Large Area Industrial LCP Selective Emitter Solar Cells Ready for Production
Creators: name: Kray, D.
name: Bay, N.
name: Cimiotti, G.
name: Kleinschmidt, S.
name: Kösterke, N.
name: Lösel, A.
name: Lühn, O.
name: Sailer, M.
name: Träger, A.
name: Kühnlein, H.
name: Nussbaumer, H.
name: Fell, A.
name: Fleischmann, C.
name: Hopman, S.
name: Mayer, K.
name: Mesec, M.
name: Rodofili, A.
name: Granek, F.
name: Glunz, S.W.
name: Müller, E.
name: Sempere, P.
name: Pauchard, A.
name: Richerzhagen, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1896-1898
description: There are different technologies available for selective emitter (SE) formation for crystalline silicon
wafer solar cells. While conventional approaches combine SE with screen-printing, Laser Chemical Processing
(LCP) uses subsequent direct light-induced plating (LIP) to fully exploit the efficiency potential of Al-BSF solar
cells. Using screen-printing instead of LIP with SE lowers the expected efficiency gain by at least a factor of 2.
Thus SE technologies are sought that enable subsequent LIP. LCP offers fully flexibility for LIP as well as
screen-printing metallization. This paper summarized the status of LCP + Ni-Ag-LIP processes. High efficiencies
around 19% on mono Si are reached with large process windows for the LCP process. Also, first modules have
been manufactured to demonstrate sufficient adhesion for module integration.
Lock-In Thermography on Crystalline Silicon on Glass (CSG) Thin Film Modules: Influence of Peltier Contributions
Creators: name: Straube, H.
name: Breitenstein, O.
name: Wagner, J.-M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Thin Films Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2500-2505
description: In this contribution we describe electro-thermal modeling of a CSG thin film silicon solar cell under pulsed
bias. The model is aimed at extracting cell parameters locally through comparison with lock-in thermography (LIT) results
over a wide voltage range. The cell is divided into a number of volume elements for Spice electronics simulations. The results
are imaged and convoluted with the appropriate point spread function for a highly heat conductive silicon layer on a
thick glass substrate. Peltier effects must be taken into account since p and n type contact holes are separated from each other
and are resolved in the thermograms. Values for the test module’s area diode saturation currents, nonlinear edge shunts, and
series resistance resulting from a manual fit of experimental and simulated thermograms are presented.