cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data-Centric AI Requires Rethinking Data Notion
Creators: name: Hajij, Mustafa
name: Zamzmi, Ghada
name: Ramamurthy, Karthikeyan Natesan
name: Saenz, Aldo Guzman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The transition towards data-centric AI requires revisiting data notions from mathematical and implementational standpoints to obtain unified data-centric machine learning packages. Towards this end, this work proposes unifying principles offered by categorical and cochain notions of data, and discusses the importance of these principles in data-centric AI transition. In the categorical notion, data is viewed as a mathematical structure that we act upon via morphisms to preserve this structure. As for cochain notion, data can be viewed as a function defined in a discrete domain of interest and acted upon via operators. While these notions are almost orthogonal, they provide a unifying definition to view data, ultimately impacting the way machine learning packages are developed, implemented, and utilized by practitioners.
The perturbative Regge-calculus regime of Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Bianchi, Eugenio
name: Modesto, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between Loop Quantum Gravity and Regge calculus has been pointed out many times in the literature. In particular the large spin asymptotics of the Barrett-Crane vertex amplitude is known to be related to the Regge action. In this paper we study a semiclassical regime of Loop Quantum Gravity and show that it admits an effective description in terms of perturbative area-Regge-calculus. The regime of interest is identified by a class of states given by superpositions of four-valent spin networks, peaked on large spins. As a probe of the dynamics in this regime, we compute explicitly two- and three-area correlation functions at the vertex amplitude level. We find that they match with the ones computed perturbatively in area-Regge-calculus with a single 4-simplex, once a specific perturbative action and measure have been chosen in the Regge-calculus path integral. Correlations of other geometric operators and the existence of this regime for other models for the dynamics are briefly discussed.
description: 43 pages, typos corrected, version accepted by Nucl.Phys.B
Bidirectional heuristic search and spectral S-box simplification for the cryptanalysis of the NBS Data Encryption Standard
Creators: name: Gullichsen, Eric Alexander
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Details of the National Bureau of Standards Data Encryption Standard (DES) are examined, and the strength of the cryptosystem found to lie in its substitution box (S-box) components. An unsuccessful attempt is made to discover symmetries in the S-box functions under permutation and/or complementation of variables. The problem of cryptanalyzing DES is then shown to be equivalent to a problem of tree search. Techniques which can reduce the number of tree nodes which need be visited to effect a cryptanalysis are, investigated. The linearization of the S-box functions by coefficient translations in the Hadamard spectral domain is found to be highly effective in reducing search tree size. For a bidirectional tree search which employs the linearized S-boxes, the number of nodes which need be visited to cryptanalyze DES is shown to be on the order of the key space size. The use of an AND/OR search tree structure with key bit constraints stored at the leaves ensures that each node need be visited only once. Given that the work involved in visiting a node is less than that required for a key trial, this key search method represents an improvement over the cryptanalytic technique of exhaustive key search.
A scaling relationship for non-thermal radio emission from ordered magnetospheres: from the top of the Main Sequence to planets
Creators: name: Leto, P.
name: Trigilio, C.
name: Krticka, J.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Ignace, R.
name: Shultz, M. E.
name: Buemi, C. S.
name: Cerrigone, L.
name: Umana, G.
name: Ingallinera, A.
name: Bordiu, C.
name: Pillitteri, I.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Agliozzo, C.
name: Cavallaro, F.
name: Riggi, S.
name: Loru, S.
name: Todt, H.
name: Giarrusso, M.
name: Phillips, N. M.
name: Robrade, J.
name: Leone, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the analysis of incoherent non-thermal radio emission from a sample of hot magnetic stars, ranging from early-B to early-A spectral type. Spanning a wide range of stellar parameters and wind properties, these stars display a commonality in their radio emission which presents new challenges to the wind scenario as originally conceived. It was thought that relativistic electrons, responsible for the radio emission, originate in current sheets formed where the wind opens the magnetic field lines. However, the true mass-loss rates from the cooler stars are too small to explain the observed non-thermal broadband radio spectra. Instead, we suggest the existence of a radiation belt located inside the inner-magnetosphere, similar to that of Jupiter. Such a structure explains the overall indifference of the broadband radio emissions on wind mass-loss rates. Further, correlating the radio luminosities from a larger sample of magnetic stars with their stellar parameters, the combined roles of rotation and magnetic properties have been empirically determined. Finally, our sample of early-type magnetic stars suggests a scaling relationship between the non-thermal radio luminosity and the electric voltage induced by the magnetosphere's co-rotation, which appears to hold for a broader range of stellar types with dipole-dominated magnetospheres (like the cases of the planet Jupiter and the ultra-cool dwarf stars and brown dwarfs). We conclude that well-ordered and stable rotating magnetospheres share a common physical mechanism for supporting the generation of non-thermal electrons.
description: Accepted to MNRAS; 26 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 1 of Effect of self-regulatory behaviour change techniques and predictors of physical activity maintenance in cancer survivors: a 12-month follow-up of the Phys-Can RCT
Creators: name: Mazzoni, Anne-Sophie
name: Brooke, Hannah L.
name: Berntsen, Sveinung
name: Nordin, Karin
name: Demmelmaier, Ingrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Suppl Table 1. Physical activity maintenance at 12-month follow-up and baseline characteristics of participants included vs. excluded from the predictor analyses.
Summary of Cotton Fiber and Processing Test Results, Crop of 1967
Creators: name: Consumer And Marketing Service
name: Consumer And Marketing Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: This is one of a series of annual reports containing information on fiber properties and spinning performance of cotton from all major commercial production areas of the United States. The results of fiber and spinning tests made in connection with the annual quality surveys are used to check on the effectiveness of the standards to be sure they continue to reflect differences in spinning utility. Data derived from these surveys provide the basis for studies of relationships between various fiber properties and processing performance. Timely publication of the results of these surveys enables farmers and breeders to use the data as a source of quality information regarding cottons produced under commercial conditions. Merchants and manufacturers also use these results to locate sources of cotton having properties and spinning performance desirable for specific uses
A Brewster route to Cherenkov detectors
Creators: name: Lin, Xiao
name: Hu, Hao
name: Easo, Sajan
name: Yang, Yi
name: Shen, Yichen
name: Yin, Kezhen
name: Blago, Michele Piero
name: Kaminer, Ido
name: Zhang, Baile
name: Chen, Hongsheng
name: Joannopoulos, John
name: Soljačić, Marin
name: Luo, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cherenkov effect enables a valuable tool, known as the Cherenkov detector, to identify high-energy particles via the measurement of the Cherenkov cone. However, the sensitivity and momentum coverage of such detectors are intrinsically limited by the refractive index of the host material. Especially, identifying particles with energy above multiple gigaelectronvolts requires host materials with a near-unity refractive index, which are often limited to large and bulky gas chambers. Overcoming this fundamental material limit is important for future particle detectors yet remains a long-standing scientific challenge. Here, we propose a different paradigm for Cherenkov detectors that utilizes the broadband angular filter made from stacks of variable one-dimensional photonic crystals. Owing to the Brewster effect, the angular filter is transparent only to Cherenkov photons from a precise incident angle, and particle identification is achieved by mapping each Cherenkov angle to the peak-intensity position of transmitted photons in the detection plane. This unique property of the angular filter is exceptionally beneficial to Cherenkov detection as it enables the realization of a non-dispersive pseudo refractive index over the entire visible spectrum. Moreover, such a pseudo refractive index can be flexibly tuned to arbitrary values, including those close to unity. Our angular-selective Brewster paradigm offers a feasible solution to implement compact and highly sensitive Cherenkov detectors especially in beam lines and it can cover a wide momentum range using readily available dielectric materials.
Semiconductor split-ring resonators for thermally tunable, terahertz metamaterials
Creators: name: Han, Jiaguang
name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the variation of temperature alters the intrinsic carrier density in a semiconductor, numerical simulations indicate that the consequent variation of the relative permittivity in the terahertz regime provides a way to realize thermally tunable split-ring resonators. Electromagnetic metasurfaces and metamaterials that are thermally tunable in the terahertz regime can thus be implemented.
description: 9 pages
Solving the Families In the Wild Kinship Verification Challenge by Program Synthesis
Creators: name: Huang, Junyi
name: Strome, Maxwell Benjamin
name: Jenkins, Ian
name: Williams, Parker
name: Feng, Bo
name: Wang, Yaning
name: Wang, Roman
name: Bagri, Vaibhav
name: Cheng, Newman
name: Drori, Iddo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kinship verification is the task of determining whether a parent-child, sibling, or grandparent-grandchild relationship exists between two people and is important in social media applications, forensic investigations, finding missing children, and reuniting families. We demonstrate high quality kinship verification by participating in the 2021 Recognizing Families in the Wild challenge which provides the largest publicly available dataset in the field. Our approach is among the top 3 winning entries in the competition. We ensemble models written by both human experts and a foundation model, OpenAI Codex, trained on text and code. We use Codex to generate model variants, and also demonstrate its ability to generate entire running programs for kinship verification tasks of specific relationships.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Observations of Water Masers in the NGC 1333 IRAS 4 Region
Creators: name: Park, Geumsook
name: Choi, Minho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NGC 1333 IRAS 4 region was observed in the 22 GHz H2O maser line with an angular resolution of about 0.08 arcseconds. Two groups of masers were detected, one near IRAS 4A and the other near BI. Among the eight maser spots detected near IRAS 4A, six spots are located close to A2, within 100 AU, and the maser velocities are also near the systemic velocity of the cloud core. These masers are probably related with the circumstellar disk. Since there is no maser spot detected around A1, the star forming process is relatively more active in A2 than in A1. Four maser spots were detected near IRAS 4BI. Since most of them are distributed along a straight line in the direction of the outflow, BI masers are most likely related with the jet or outflow. The disk-outflow dichotomy of H2O masers is discussed briefly. No maser was detected near H2O(C), another maser source reported previously.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
On the Unified View of Extragalactic Sources based on their Broadband Emission Properties
Creators: name: Iyida, E. U.
name: Eya, I. O.
name: Odo, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of the unification of jetted AGNs has advanced greatly as the size of extragalactic sources increased. In the present paper, based on the large sample of radio sources, we compiled 680 blazars (279 FSRQs and 401 BL Lacs) from the 3FGL sample and 64 Seyfert galaxies (3 Narrow-line, 34 and 27 regular Seyfert 1 and Seyfert 2 respectively) from the INTEGRAL survey to statistically test the relationship between Seyfert galaxies and the blazar samples of FSRQs and BL Lacs. We compute the synchrotron (SS), Compton (CS) and inverse Compton (IC) continuous spectra from the low energy components of radio to X-ray, radio to gamma-ray and the high energy component of X-ray to gamma-ray bands, respectively. Results show from the distributions of the continuous spectra that Seyfert galaxies form the tail of the distributions, suggestive of similar underlying history and evolution. A two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K.S test) of the continuous spectra showed that Seyfert galaxies differ from BL Lacs and FSRQs in the low energy components of the spectra, while there is no clear difference between them in the high energy component, which implies that high energy emissions in Seyfert galaxies, BL Lacs and FSRQs may be as a result of the same emission mechanism. There is a regular sequence of the distributions on SS/CS and IC/CS planes in each individual subsample. Linear regression analyses of our sample yield significant positive correlations (r greater than 0.60) between SS/CS and IC/CS data. This upturns into an anti-correlation (r greater than -0.60) in IC/SS data. These results are not only consistent with unified scheme for blazars but also show that Seyfert galaxies can be unified with the classical radio-loud AGNs counterparts.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, 8 Tables. Accepted for Publication in the Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy
Tensor network simulation of the (1+1)-dimensional $O(3)$ nonlinear $σ$-model with $θ=π$ term
Creators: name: Tang, Wei
name: Xie, X. C.
name: Wang, Lei
name: Tu, Hong-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a tensor network simulation of the (1+1)-dimensional $O(3)$ nonlinear $σ$-model with $θ=π$ term. Within the Hamiltonian formulation, this field theory emerges as the finite-temperature partition function of a modified quantum rotor model decorated with magnetic monopoles. Using the monopole harmonics basis, we derive the matrix representation for this modified quantum rotor model, which enables tensor network simulations. We employ our recently developed continuous matrix product operator method [Tang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 170604 (2020)] to study the finite-temperature properties of this model and reveal its massless nature. The central charge as a function of the coupling constant is directly extracted in our calculations and compared with field theory predictions.
description: Published version. 13 pages, 7 figures, code: https://github.com/TensorBFS/U1cMPO
Il passo della Ninfa fiorentina Lettura interpretativa di Mnemosyne Atlas, Tavola 46
Creators: name: Centanni, Monica; Agnoletto, Sara; Bergamo, Maria; Grippa, Ilaria; Naval, Ada; Pedersoli, Alessandra; Perfetti, Filippo; Sacco, Daniela; Rizzonelli, Filippo; Zanon, Giulia
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2021
Subjects: Mnemosyne Atlas
Warburg
Nymph
Giovanna degli Albizzi
Lucrezia Tornabuoni
Ghirlandaio
Botticelli
Dovizia

description: The proposed work is the result of the Seminario Mnemosyne’s work on panel 46, "Nymph", of Aby Warburg’s Atlas. The essay consists of an interpretative reading of the Panel, where the focus has been shifted to the relationship between two of the figurative manifestations of the Florentine Nymph. The carrying servant and the lady, their connection with panel 47 and an analysis of their movement, questioning if their dynamism should be considered a Pathosformel, are the object of the study. As a result, we present here the re-edition of a technical sheet on the captions and a reference bibliography, edited by Ada Naval. Some methodological readings connected with the panel have been included: Appendix I by Sara Agnoletto analyses Donatello's lost “Dovizia” and its legacy on Florentine visual culture and Appendix II by Filippo Rizzonelli reflects on photography and editing and their semantic values within the panel.
Summary of Cotton Fiber and Processing Test Results, Crop of 1968
Creators: name: Consumer And Marketing Service
name: Consumer And Marketing Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1969
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: This is one of a series of annual reports containing information on fiber properties and spinning performance of cotton from all major commercial production areas of the United States. The results of fiber and spinning tests made in connection with the annual quality surveys are used to check on the effectiveness of the standards to be sure they continue to reflect differences in spinning utility. Data derived from these surveys provide the basis for studies of relationships between various fiber properties and processing performance. Timely publication of the results of these surveys enables farmers and breeders to use the data as a source of quality information regarding cottons produced under commercial conditions. Merchants and manufacturers also use these results to locate sources of cotton having properties and spinning performance desirable for specific uses.
Additional file 1 of Indoor residual spraying practices against Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco: contributing factors to suboptimal insecticide delivery to treated households
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Raquel
name: Logan, Rhiannon A. E.
name: Ismail, Hanafy M.
name: Paine, Mark J. I.
name: Bern, Caryn
name: Courtenay, Orin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. Protocol of laboratory assays.
Electroweak Bremsstrahlung in Dark Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Bell, Nicole F.
name: Dent, James B.
name: Jacques, Thomas D.
name: Weiler, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conservative upper bound on the total dark matter (DM) annihilation rate can be obtained by constraining the appearance rate of the annihilation products which are hardest to detect. The production of neutrinos, via the process $χχ\to \barνν$, has thus been used to set a strong general bound on the dark matter annihilation rate. However, Standard Model radiative corrections to this process will inevitably produce photons which may be easier to detect. We present an explicit calculation of the branching ratios for the electroweak bremsstrahlung processes $χχ\to \barννZ$ and $χχ\to \barνe W$. These modes inevitably lead to electromagnetic showers and further constraints on the DM annihilation cross-section. In addition to annihilation, our calculations are also applicable to the case of dark matter decay.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. New appendix with an extensive discussion of Majorana fermions and helicity suppressions
Microring resonators with external optical feedback for time delay reservoir computing
Creators: name: Donati, Giovanni
name: Mirasso, Claudio R.
name: Mancinelli, Mattia
name: Pavesi, Lorenzo
name: Argyris, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Microring resonators (MRRs) are a key photonic component in integrated devices, due to their small size, low insertion losses, and passive operation. While the MRRs have been established for optical filtering in wavelength-multiplexed systems, the nonlinear properties that they can exhibit give rise to new perspectives on their use. For instance, they have been recently considered for introducing optical nonlinearity in photonic reservoir computing systems. In this work, we present a detailed numerical investigation of a silicon MRR operation, in the presence of external optical feedback, in a time delay reservoir computing scheme. We demonstrate the versatility of this compact, passive device, by exploiting different operating regimes and solving computing tasks with diverse memory requirements. We show that when large memory is required, as it occurs in the Narma 10 task, the MRR nonlinearity does not play a significant role when the photodetection nonlinearity is involved, while the contribution of the external feedback is significant. On the contrary, for computing tasks such as the Mackey-Glass and the Santa Fe chaotic timeseries prediction, the MRR and the photodetection nonlinearities contribute both to efficient computation. The presence of optical feedback improves the prediction of the Mackey-Glass timeseries while it plays a minor role in the Santa Fe timeseries case.
Thermal fluctuations and phase diagrams of the phase field crystal model with pinning
Creators: name: Ramos, J. A. P.
name: Granato, E.
name: Achim, C. V.
name: Ying, S. C.
name: Elder, K. R.
name: Ala-Nissila, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the influence of thermal fluctuations in the phase diagram of a recently introduced two-dimensional phase field crystal model with an external pinning potential. The model provides a continuum description of pinned lattice systems allowing for both elastic deformations and topological defects. We introduce a non-conserved version of the model and determine the ground-state phase diagram as a function of lattice mismatch and strength of the pinning potential. Monte Carlo simulations are used to determine the phase diagram as a function of temperature near commensurate phases. The results show a rich phase diagram with commensurate, incommensurate and liquid-like phases with a topology strongly dependent on the type of ordered structure. A finite-size scaling analysis of the melting transition for the $c(2 \times 2)$ commensurate phase shows that the thermal correlation length exponent $ν$ and specific heat behavior are consistent with the Ising universality class as expected from analytical arguments.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Cephennium (Macroderus) nevadae Assing 2021, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Cephennium
Cephennium nevadae

description: Cephennium (Macroderus) nevadae nov.sp. (Figs 18, 72-74, Map 3)
Type material: Holotype ♂: "E. Andalusien (GR), Sierra Nevada, Solynieve, 1700- 1900 m, 21.III.1994 Assing 6 / Holotypus ♂ Cephennium nevadae sp. n. det. V. Assing 2020" (cAss). Paratypes: 3♂♂: same data as holotype (cAss); 2 exs.: "E Andalusia GR Sierra Nevada Str. zur 1700 m, N-Hang, Pinus Junip., 21.03.94 Wunderle leg." (cAss).
Etymology: The specific epithet is the genitive of Nevada, the name of the mountain range where the type locality is situated.
Description: Body length 1.4-1.5 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 18. Colouration palereddish. Eyes composed of approximately seven ommatidia. Elytra with anterior sulci approximately as long as the combined length of the basal four to five antennomeres. Other external characters not distinctive.
♂: metaventrite very shallowly impressed; aedeagus (Figs 72-74) 0.38-0.39 mm long; apex of ventral process of broadly triangular shape in ventral view; internal structures massive; parameres apically nearly reaching apex of median lobe.
Comparative notes: Cephennium nevadae is distinguished from other Macroderus species only by the shape and internal structures of the aedeagus.
Distribution and natural history: The type material was found below Sol y Nieve (= Pradollano), Sierra Nevada, Andalucía (Map 3). The specimens were sifted from litter and debris, partly near snow, in a stream valley at an altitude of 1900 m.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2021, On the Cephennium fauna of the Iberian Peninsula and the Atlantic Islands (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae), pp. 891-931 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (2) on pages 927-928, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5039032
Additional file 2 of Indoor residual spraying practices against Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco: contributing factors to suboptimal insecticide delivery to treated households
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Raquel
name: Logan, Rhiannon A. E.
name: Ismail, Hanafy M.
name: Paine, Mark J. I.
name: Bern, Caryn
name: Courtenay, Orin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Median alpha-cypermethrin a.i. concentrations on filter papers fitted to houses at different wall heights (n = 158 at 0.2 m; n = 157 at 1.2 m; n = 165 at 2 m). The horizontal lines represent the alpha-cypermethrin a.i. target concentration range (50 mg ± 20% a.i./m2). Error bars represents the lower and upper adjacent values to the median; points represent the outside values.
Correlated flares in models of a magnetized "canopy"
Creators: name: Baiesi, M.
name: Maes, C.
name: Shergelashvili, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of the Lu-Hamilton kind is applied to the study of critical behavior of the magnetized solar atmosphere. The main novelty is that its driving is done via sources undergoing a diffusion. This mimics the effect of a virtual turbulent substrate forcing the system. The system exhibits power-law statistics not only in the size of the flares, but also in the distribution of the waiting times.
description: 5 pages + 9 figures, Accepted to Physica A
Correlation analysis for isotropic stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds with maximally allowed polarization degrees
Creators: name: Omiya, Hidetoshi
name: Seto, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study correlation analysis for monopole components of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds, including the maximally allowed polarization degrees. We show that, for typical detector networks, the correlation analysis can probe virtually five spectra: three for the intensities of the tensor, vector, and scalar modes and two for the chiral asymmetries of the tensor and vector modes. The chiral asymmetric signal for the vector modes has been left untouched so far. In this paper, we derive the overlap reduction function for this signal and thus complete the basic ingredients required for widely dealing with polarization degrees. We comprehensively analyze the geometrical properties of all the five overlap reduction functions. In particular, we point out the importance of reflection transformations for configuring preferable networks in the future.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Airphoto Use in Resource Management; A Survey of Non-Federal Purchasers of Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Airphotos
Creators: name: Krause, Orville E
name: Krause, Orville E
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1969
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: Aerial photographs acquired and used by the Department of Agriculture to administer farm programs are widely used by other government agencies and the public for various purposes. The Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) of the Department maintains airphoto coverage of practically all U.S. cropland. In fiscal 1966, the ASCS produced nearly 1,157,000 photoprints and distributed 46 percent of them to other Federal agencies, 40 percent to non-Federal customers, and the remainder to ASCS offices. What follows is a presentation of the nature and extent of non-Federal uses of ASCS airphotos by number and size of photos ordered and by type of customer. Also included are sections on customer opinions of phototone, photoresolution, and imagery age, on the number of airphotos acquired from other sources, and on why ASCS photography was not used.
Super-fast Rotation in the OMC 2/FIR 6b Jet
Creators: name: Matsushita, Yuko
name: Takahashi, Satoko
name: Ishii, Shun
name: Tomisaka, Kohji
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Carpenter, John M.
name: Machida, Masahiro N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ALMA CO ($J$=2--1) and 1.3 mm continuum observations of the high-velocity jet associated with the FIR 6b protostar located in the Orion Molecular Cloud-2. We detect a velocity gradient along the short axis of the jet in both the red- and blue-shifted components. The position-velocity diagrams along the short axis of the red-shifted jet show a typical characteristic of a rotating cylinder. We attribute the velocity gradient in the red-shifted component to rotation of the jet. The rotation velocity ($>20\,\ \rm{km s^{-1}}$) and specific angular momentum ($>10^{22}\, \rm{cm^{2}\, s^{-1}}$) of the jet around FIR 6b are the largest among all jets in which rotation has been observed. By combining disk wind theory with our observations, the jet launching radius is estimated to be in the range of $2.18-2.96$\,au. The rapid rotation, large specific angular momentum, and a launching radius far from the central protostar can be explained by a magnetohydrodynamic disk wind that contributes to the angular momentum transfer in the late stages of protostellar accretion.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, and 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Let's Grow! Community Benefits from Watershed Projects
Creators: name: Soil Conservation Service
name: Soil Conservation Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpt from the report: This booklet is about the new life that a watershed project can bring. Watershed projects are authorized under Public Law 566, the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954. These projects help cities, towns, and rural areas solve their land and water problems and offer opportunities for economic growth. They are begun by local people and carried out largely through local effort. The Soil Conservation Service provides technical and financial help in planning and installing project measures.
Additional file 3 of Indoor residual spraying practices against Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco: contributing factors to suboptimal insecticide delivery to treated households
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Raquel
name: Logan, Rhiannon A. E.
name: Ismail, Hanafy M.
name: Paine, Mark J. I.
name: Bern, Caryn
name: Courtenay, Orin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Frequency distribution of the observed/expected spray rates in IRS-treated houses (n = 80 houses).
Characterization of the continuous transition from atomic to molecular shape in the three-body Coulomb system
Creators: name: Salas, Laura D.
name: Zamora-Yusti, Barbara
name: Arce, Julio C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an alternative, univocal characterization of the continuous transition from atomic to molecular shape in the Coulomb system constituted by two identical particles and a third particle with the opposite charge, as the mass ratio of the particles varies. Applying a marginal-conditional exact factorization to a variationally optimized wavefunction, we construct a nonadiabatic potential energy surface for the relative motion between the single particle and each of the identical particles in the ground state. The transition is revealed through the evolution with the mass ratio of the topography of such surface and of the shapes of the associated marginal and conditional distributions. Our approach unifies and extends to the nonadiabatic regime the Born-Oppenheimer and charge-distribution pictures of molecular shape.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Electron shielding of the nuclear magnetic moment in hydrogen-like atom
Creators: name: Ivanov, V. G.
name: Karshenboim, S. G.
name: Lee, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correction to the wave function of the ground state in a hydrogen-like atom due to an external homogenous magnetic field is found exactly in the parameter $Zα$. The $j=1/2$ projection of the correction to the wave function of the $ns_{1/2}$ state due to the external homogeneous magnetic field is found for arbitrary $n$. The $j=3/2$ projection of the correction to the wave function of the $ns_{1/2}$ state due to the nuclear magnetic moment is also found for arbitrary $n$. Using these results, we have calculated the shielding of the nuclear magnetic moment by the $ns_{1/2}$ electron.
description: 15 pages
A six degree-of-freedom fused silica seismometer: Design and tests of a metal prototype
Creators: name: Ubhi, Amit Singh
name: Smetana, Jiri
name: Zhang, Teng
name: Cooper, Sam
name: Prokhorov, Leonid
name: Bryant, John
name: Hoyland, David
name: Miao, Haixing
name: Martynov, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground vibrations couple to the longitudinal and angular motion of the aLIGO test masses and limit the observatory sensitivity below 30\,Hz. Novel inertial sensors have the potential to improve the aLIGO sensitivity in this band and simplify the lock acquisition of the detectors. In this paper, we experimentally study a compact 6D seismometer that consists of a mass suspended by a single wire. The position of the mass is interferometrically read out relative to the platform that supports the seismometer. We present the experimental results, discuss limitations of our metallic prototype, and show that a compact 6D seismometer made out of fused silica and suspended with a fused silica fibre has the potential to improve the aLIGO low frequency noise.
Thermodynamics and SARS-CoV-2: neurological effects in post-Covid 19 syndrome
Creators: name: Lucia, Umberto
name: Grisolia, Giulia
name: Deisboeck, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is increasing evidence that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can cause a spectrum of neurological symptoms. In this paper, we develop a theoretical concept underlying such neurological COVID-19 consequences by employing a non-equilibrium thermodynamic approach that allows linking the neuronal electric potential with a virus-induced pH variation. Our theoretical findings support further experimental work on therapeutically correcting electrolyte imbalances, such as Na$^+$ and K$^+$, to attenuate the neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2.
Velocity Gradients: Magnetic Field Tomography towards the Supernova Remnant W44
Creators: name: Liu, Mingrui
name: Hu, Yue
name: Lazarian, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a novel approach for tracing interstellar magnetic fields, the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT) has been proven to be effective for probing magnetic fields in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we verify the VGT in a broader context by applying the technique to a molecular cloud interacting with the supernovae remnant (SNR) W44. We probe the magnetic fields with the VGT using CO, $\rm HCO^+$, and H I emission lines and make a comparison with the Planck 353 GHZ dust polarization. We show that the VGT gives an accurate measurement that coheres with the Planck polarization especially in intense molecular gas emission regions. We further study the foreground's contribution to the polarization that results in a misalignment between the VGT and the Planck measurements in low-intensity molecular gas areas. We advance the VGT to achieve magnetic field tomography by decomposing the W44 into various velocity components. We show that W44's velocity component at $v\sim45$ km s$^{-1}$ exhibits the largest coverage and gives the best agreement with Planck polarization in terms of magnetic field orientation.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tunneling with negative tension
Creators: name: Marvel, Kate
name: Wesley, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new family of thin-wall instantons, with negative tension bubble walls, that mediate tunneling between Minkowski or de Sitter vacua. Some of these instantons can have exponentially enhanced tunneling rates, and would dominate the Euclidean path integral, representing a severe non-perturbative instability in any theory which supports them. We give two constructions of these instantons in theories which are perturbatively stable, but violate the null energy condition. One construction uses a scalar field theory with higher-derivative kinetic term, and is similar to the Coleman-de Luccia positive tension instanton. The other construction employs a negative-tension boundary arising from Z_2 orbifolding: it resembles a "bubble of nothing" which nucleates and grows, consuming the surrounding de Sitter or Minkowski spacetime. We explain how the spectral flow for fluctutations about the thin-wall tunneling solutions automatically protects causality, for both positive and negative tension instantons. We comment briefly on the relation of these solutions to a Kalzua-Klein "bubble of nothing," cosmological models relying on ghost condensates, and string theory orientifolds.
description: PDFLaTeX, 43pp v2: new appendix, references added
Thermodynamic characteristics of ideal quantum gases in harmonic potentials within exact and semiclassical approaches
Creators: name: Bilokon, Valeriia
name: Bilokon, Elvira
name: Peletminskii, Alexander
name: Sotnikov, Andrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically examine equilibrium properties of the harmonically trapped ideal Bose and Fermi gases in the quantum degeneracy regime. We analyze thermodynamic characteristics of gases with a finite number of atoms by means of the known semiclassical approach and perform comparison with exact numerical results. For a Fermi gas, we demonstrate deviations in the Fermi energy values originating from a discrete level structure and show that these are observable only for a small number of particles. For a Bose gas, we observe characteristic softening of phase transition features, which contrasts to the semiclassical predictions and related approximations. We provide a more accurate methodology of determining corrections to the critical temperature due to finite number of particles.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, published version
A thermodynamic model for multicomponent melts, with application to the system CAO-MGO-AL₂O₃-SIO₂
Creators: name: Berman, Robert G.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A thermodynamic model is proposed for calculation of liquidus relations in multicomponent systems of geologic interest. Mineral-melt reactions are written in terms of liquid oxide components, and balanced on the stoichiometry of liquidus phases. In order to account for non-ideality in the liquid, a 'Margules solution' is derived in a generalized form which can be extended to systems of any number of components and to polynomials of any degree. Calibration of the model is achieved using the method of linear programming. Thermodynamic properties of liquidus minerals and the melt are determined which are consistent with available calorimetric measurements and phase equilibria data concerning liquidus relations, binary and ternary liquid immiscibility gaps, and solid-solid P-T reactions. Application of this model to the ternary CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system shows that a fourth degree polynomial equation for the excess free energy of the liquid solution is necessary to adequately reproduce phase relations. Successful reproduction of the liquidi of 24 minerals in the quaternary system CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ requires no additional terms in the expansion for the excess free energy. For 69 invariant or piercing points on the joins used in calibration of the quaternary system, the average differences between calculated and experimentally determined invariant points are 0.24±14.5° and 0.52±0.55 oxide weight percent (owp). Calculated liquidus relations on the 5-35% Al₂O₃ and 5-10% MgO planes compare favorably with experimental data, and piercing points on 17 other quaternary joins not used in the calibration have average differences of -1.6±18.0° and 0.43±0.64 owp. Significant inconsistencies have been identified in several experimental studies and are most readily attributed to inhomogenous starting materials. All liquidus diagrams are recalculated by computer programs that trace univariant curves and isothermal sections while checking each point on a curve for metastability. Isobaric quaternary univariant curves have been calculated and are presented in stereographic projections. The intersections of these curves define the T, X positions of all quaternary invariant points at one atmosphere pressure. The model permits calculation of a variety of melt properties which can be used to supplement the limited data available from other sources. Calculated liquid activities, heats of fusion, and heats of mixing are compared with available experimental data.
The importance of small natural features in forests—How the overgrowth of forest gaps affects indigenous flower supply and flower‐visiting insects and seed sets of six Campanula species
Creators: name: Braun‐Reichert, Ralf
name: Rubanschi, Sven
name: Poschlod, Peter
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: bees, Campanula, flies, flower visitors, forest management, gap dynamics, pollination
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: The abandonment of historical land-use forms within forests, such as grazing or coppicing, and atmospheric nitrogen deposition, has led to an increasing overgrowth of forest gaps and canopy closure in forest ecosystems of Central Europe. From 1945 to 2015, 81% of the forest gaps greater than 150 m2 within the study area transitioned into a closed forest. This study investigated how the overgrowth process affects flower supply, flower visitors, and reproduction of Campanula species. Six native Campanula species with different light requirements were used as phytometers. The forest gaps in the studied area are a feature of the historical European cultural landscape. We compared large gaps caused by human activities, small gaps caused by habitat conditions, and closed forests. In eight blocked replicates, each with the three habitat categories, we recorded the flower cover and number of indigenous flowering species in the immediate surroundings, and, of six Campanula species, flower visitors and seed production. Forest gaps and their size positively affected the number of flowering plant species in the surrounding area, the number of all flower visitor groups, and the number of seeds produced by all six Campanula species. Flower cover in the surrounding area was higher in large gaps, but there was no difference between small gaps and closed forests. Among flower visitors, small bees varied the most between the three habitat categories, and flies varied the least. The effect on the number of seeds produced was particularly strong for three light-demanding Campanula species. The overgrowth of forest gaps negatively affected flower supply, flower-visiting insects, and seed sets of six Campanula species. Forest gaps should be managed to maintain the reproduction of open forest plants and their pollinators.