cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Practice Abstracts BRANCHES PROJECT H2020 - PA29
Creators: name: Maider Gomez (Circe), Daniel García, Pablo Rodero, Alicia Mira (Avebiom)BRANCHES PROJECT
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Boiler, self-cleaning, solid waste

description: Self-cleaning rotary boiler for solid waste
description: BRANCHES will produce and share more than 50 case studies, considered Best Practices. The selected case studies will be summarized in Practice Abstracts (PAs), documents tailored for practitioners, shared through the project media and collected on this webpage. The numbering of the PAs only refers to chronological order of uploading. Enjoy your reading!
Pentalagus furnessi
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Pentalagus
Pentalagus furnessi

description: Pentalagus furnessi (Stone, 1900). Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., p. 460. TYPE LOCALITY: Japan, Amami Isis., Amami-Oshima. DISTRIBUTION: Amami Isis. (Amami-Oshima and Tokun-Oshima) (S. Japan). PROTECTED STATUS: U.S. ESA - Endangered. ISIS NUMBER: 5301409002005001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003
Why ex post peer review encourages high-risk research while ex ante review discourages it
Creators: name: Gross, Kevin
name: Bergstrom, Carl T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Peer review is an integral component of contemporary science. While peer review focuses attention on promising and interesting science, it also encourages scientists to pursue some questions at the expense of others. Here, we use ideas from forecasting assessment to examine how two modes of peer review -- ex ante review of proposals for future work and ex post review of completed science -- motivate scientists to favor some questions instead of others. Our main result is that ex ante and ex post peer review push investigators toward distinct sets of scientific questions. This tension arises because ex post review allows an investigator to leverage her own scientific beliefs to generate results that others will find surprising, whereas ex ante review does not. Moreover, ex ante review will favor different research questions depending on whether reviewers rank proposals in anticipation of changes to their own personal beliefs, or to the beliefs of their peers. The tension between ex ante and ex post review puts investigators in a bind, because most researchers need to find projects that will survive both. By unpacking the tension between these two modes of review, we can understand how they shape the landscape of science and how changes to peer review might shift scientific activity in unforeseen directions.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, 1 appendix. Version 2 includes revamped notation and some text edits to the discussion
A Comprehensive Radiative Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation of Active Region Scale Flux Emergence from the Convection Zone to the Corona
Creators: name: Chen, Feng
name: Rempel, Matthias
name: Fan, Yuhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the quiet Sun and large solar active regions. The 197 Mm wide simulation domain spans from 18 (10) Mm beneath the photosphere to 113 Mm in the solar corona. Radiative transfer assuming local thermal equilibrium, optically-thin radiative losses, and anisotropic conduction transport provide the necessary realism for synthesizing observables to compare with remote sensing observations of the photosphere and corona. This model self-consistently reproduces observed features of the quiet Sun, emerging and developed active regions, and solar flares up to M class. Here, we report an overview of the first results. The surface magnetoconvection yields an upward Poynting flux that is dissipated in the corona and heats the plasma to over one million K. The quiescent corona also presents ubiquitous propagating waves, jets, and bright points with sizes down to 2 Mm. Magnetic flux bundles emerge into the photosphere and give rise to strong and complex active regions with over $10^{23}$ Mx magnetic flux. The coronal free magnetic energy, which is approximately 18\% of the total magnetic energy, accumulates to approximately $10^{33}$ erg. The coronal magnetic field is clearly non-force-free, as the Lorentz force needs to balance the pressure force and viscous stress as well as drive magnetic field evolution. The emission measure from $\log_{10}T{=}4.5$ to $\log_{10}T{>}7$ provides a comprehensive view of the active region corona, such as coronal loops of various lengths and temperatures, mass circulation by evaporation and condensation, and eruptions from jets to large-scale mass ejections.
description: 42 Pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
First X-ray observations of Low-Power Compact Steep Spectrum Sources
Creators: name: Kunert-Bajraszewska, M.
name: Labiano, A.
name: Siemiginowska, A.
name: Guainazzi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report first X-ray Chandra observations of a sample of seven low luminosity compact (LLC) sources. They belong to a class of young compact steep spectrum (CSS) radio sources. Four of them have been detected, the other three have upper limit estimations for X-ray flux, one CSS galaxy is associated with an X-ray cluster. We have used the new observations together with the observational data for known strong CSS and gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) objects and large scale FRIs and FRIIs to study the relation between morphology, X-ray properties and excitation modes in radio-loud AGNs. We found that: (1) The low power objects fit well to the already established X-ray - radio luminosity correlation for AGNs and occupy the space among, weaker in the X-rays, FRI objects. (2) The high excitation galaxies (HEG) and low excitation galaxies (LEG) occupy distinct locus in the radio/X-ray luminosity plane, notwithstanding their evolutionary stage. This is in agreement with the postulated different origin of the X-ray emission in these two group of objects. (3) We have tested the AGN evolution models by comparing the radio/X-ray luminosity ratio with the size of the sources, and indirectly, with their age. We conclude that the division for two different X-ray emission modes, namely originate in the base of the relativistic jet (FRIs) or in the accretion disk (FRIIs) is already present among the younger compact AGNs. (4) Finally, we found that the CSS sources are less obscured than the more compact GPSs in X-rays. However, the anti-correlation between X-ray column density and radio size does not hold for the whole sample of GPS and CSS objects.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
A systems framework for remedying dysfunction in U.S. democracy
Creators: name: Wang, Samuel S. -H.
name: Cervas, Jonathan
name: Grofman, Bernard
name: Lipsitz, Keena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Democracy often fails to meet its ideals, and these failures may be made worse by electoral institutions. Unwanted outcomes include polarized institutions, unresponsive representatives, and the ability of a faction of voters to gain power at the expense of the majority. Various reforms have been proposed to address these problems, but their effectiveness is difficult to predict against a backdrop of complex interactions. Here we outline a path for systems-level modeling to help understand and optimize repairs to U.S. democracy. Following the tradition of engineering and biology, models of systems include mechanisms with dynamical properties that include nonlinearities and amplification (voting rules), positive feedback mechanisms (single-party control, gerrymandering), negative feedback (checks and balances), integration over time (lifetime judicial appointments), and low dimensionality (polarization). To illustrate a systems-level approach we analyze three emergent phenomena: low dimensionality, elite polarization, and anti-majoritarianism in legislatures. In each case, long-standing rules now contribute to undesirable outcomes as a consequence of changes in the political environment. Theoretical understanding at a general level will also help evaluate whether a proposed reform's benefits will materialize and be lasting, especially as conditions change again. In this way, rigorous modeling may not only shape new lines of research, but aid in the design of effective and lasting reform.
Effectiveness of Mindfulness: Bodyscan therapy on Anxiety and  Hemodynamic parameters among postoperative cardiac patients
Creators: name: Chauhan, Rachana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Anxiety precipitates cardiac decompensation owing to higher autonomic arousal thus delaying healing and recovery. Mind and body interventions aim to harness the “relaxation response”, reduce stress, and improve quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of Mindfulness: Bodyscan therapy on anxiety and hemodynamic parameters (Heart rate, respiration, Blood pressure) among postoperative cardiac patients. Participants included 40 postoperative cardiac patients from which 20 received Mindfulness Bodyscan therapy including whole Body scanning and awareness for 7 days. Modified Hamilton anxiety rating scaleand Baseline hemodynamic parameters assessed by researcher before and after therapy for 7 consecutive days. Significant reduction in the level of anxiety among postoperative cardiac patients was observed. Significant improvements were also observed for Hemodynamic parameters (Heart rate, Respiration, Blood pressure). Paired t-test value regard to level of Anxiety (t=7.958), Heart rate (t=8.071), Respiration (t=7.258) & Systolic Blood pressure (t=4.154) was found significant at 0.05 level in experimental group. Repeated measures ANOVA F-test was found significant showing difference in level of Anxiety, Heart rate, Respiration & Systolic Blood pressure between experimental and control group in post-test. The Mindfulness: Bodyscan therapy is effective in reducing anxiety and stabilizing hemodynamic parameters (Heart rate, Respiration, Systolic blood pressure) among postoperative cardiac patients. Hence it can be used as a baseline supportive data to conduct further research on large scale for longer period of time.
Carmina Gratvlatoria In Honorem Nvptialem Reverendi Ac Doctissimi Viri, Dom. M. Henrici Heilbrvnneri Lavingani, Pastoris Vnderbechingensis ... Philippi Heilbrvnneri ... Filij, Sponsi, Et ... Catharinae ... Abrahami Mannae, Ecclesiae Lauingana Pastoris ... Filiae Sponsae; [1600]
Creators: name: Heilbrunner, Heinrich
name: Heilbrunner, Catharina
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Erscheinungsjahr nach einem Chronogramm
Poelagus St. Leger 1932
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Poelagus

description: Poelagus St. Leger, 1932. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1932:119. REVIEWED BY: T. J. Robinson (TJR). COMMENT: Formerly included as a subgenus of Pronolagus; see Ellerman and MorrisonScott, 1951:425; but see also Petter, 1972, Part 5:5.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003
Jumping the Gap: The Formation Conditions and Mass Function of Pebble-Pile Planetesimals
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a turbulent proto-planetary disk, dust grains undergo large density fluctuations and under the right circumstances, these grain overdensities can overcome shear, turbulent, and gas pressure support to collapse under self-gravity (forming a "pebble pile" planetesimal). Using a simple analytic model for the fluctuations predicted in simulations, we estimate the rate-of-formation and mass function of self-gravitating, rapidly-collapsing planetesimal-mass bodies formed by this mechanism. The statistics of this process depend sensitively on the size/stopping time of the grains, disk surface density, and turbulent Mach numbers. However, when it occurs, we predict that the resulting planetesimal mass function is broad and quasi-universal, with a slope dN/dM~1/M^(1-2), spanning a size/mass range ~10-1e4 km (~1e-9-5.0 M_Earth). Collapse to planetesimal through super-Earth masses is possible. The key condition is that grain density fluctuations reach large amplitudes on large scales, where gravitational instability proceeds most easily (collapse of small grains is strongly suppressed by turbulent vorticity). We show this leads to a new criterion for 'pebble-pile' formation in terms of the dimensionless particle stopping time (tau_stop > f(Q,Z,alpha)). In a MMSN, this requires grains larger than a=(50,1,0.1)cm at r=(1,30,100)au. At small radii, it would depend on the existence of large boulders. However, because density fluctuations depend super-exponentially on tau_stop (inversely proportional to disk surface density), lower-density disks are more unstable. In fact, we predict that cm-sized grains at ~1au will form pebble piles in a disk with ~10% the MMSN density, so planet formation at ~au may generically occur late, as disks are evaporating. We also predict that conditions become progressively more favorable for pebble-pile formation around lower-mass, cooler stars.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS. Expanded with additional derivations, parameter studies, and simulation comparisons; and extended to include non-solar type stars. Updated PDF to match published version
Spanning Fermi arcs in a two-dimensional magnet
Creators: name: Chen, Ying-Jiun
name: Hanke, Jan-Philipp
name: Hoffmann, Markus
name: Bihlmayer, Gustav
name: Mokrousov, Yuriy
name: Blügel, Stefan
name: Schneider, Claus M.
name: Tusche, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of topological states of matter has led to a revolution in materials research. When external or intrinsic parameters break certain symmetries, global properties of topological materials change drastically. A paramount example is the emergence of Weyl nodes under broken inversion symmetry, acting like magnetic monopoles in momentum space. However, while a rich variety of non-trivial quantum phases could in principle also originate from broken time-reversal symmetry, realizing systems that combine magnetism with complex topological properties is remarkably elusive due to both considerable experimental and theoretical challenges. Here, we demonstrate that giant open Fermi arcs are created at the surface of ultrathin hybrid magnets. The Fermi-surface topology of an atomically thin ferromagnet is substantially modified by the hybridization with a heavy-metal substrate, giving rise to Fermi-surface discontinuities that are bridged by the Fermi arcs. Due to the interplay between magnetism and topology, we can control both the shape and the location of the Fermi arcs by tuning the magnetization direction. The hybridization points in the Fermi surface can be attributed to a non-trivial "mixed" topology and induce hot spots in the Berry curvature, dominating spin and charge transport as well as magneto-electric coupling effects.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Practice Abstracts BRANCHES PROJECT H2020 - PA30
Creators: name: Maider Gomez (Circe), Daniel García, Pablo Rodero, Alicia Mira (Avebiom)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pallet, heat production, boiler

description: Pallet valorisation system for energy pur-poses
description: BRANCHES will produce and share more than 50 case studies, considered Best Practices. The selected case studies will be summarized in Practice Abstracts (PAs), documents tailored for practitioners, shared through the project media and collected on this webpage. The numbering of the PAs only refers to chronological order of uploading. Enjoy your reading!
High-dimensional influence measure
Creators: name: Zhao, Junlong
name: Leng, Chenlei
name: Li, Lexin
name: Wang, Hansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Influence diagnosis is important since presence of influential observations could lead to distorted analysis and misleading interpretations. For high-dimensional data, it is particularly so, as the increased dimensionality and complexity may amplify both the chance of an observation being influential, and its potential impact on the analysis. In this article, we propose a novel high-dimensional influence measure for regressions with the number of predictors far exceeding the sample size. Our proposal can be viewed as a high-dimensional counterpart to the classical Cook's distance. However, whereas the Cook's distance quantifies the individual observation's influence on the least squares regression coefficient estimate, our new diagnosis measure captures the influence on the marginal correlations, which in turn exerts serious influence on downstream analysis including coefficient estimation, variable selection and screening. Moreover, we establish the asymptotic distribution of the proposed influence measure by letting the predictor dimension go to infinity. Availability of this asymptotic distribution leads to a principled rule to determine the critical value for influential observation detection. Both simulations and real data analysis demonstrate usefulness of the new influence diagnosis measure.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1165 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Poelagus marjorita
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Poelagus
Poelagus marjorita

description: Poelagus marjorita (St. Leger, 1932). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1932:119. TYPE LOCALITY: Africa, Uganda, Bunyuru, near Masindi. DISTRIBUTION: S. Sudan; N.W. Uganda; N.E. Zaire; Central African Republic; Angola. ISIS NUMBER: 5301409002006002001 as Pronolagus marjorita.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003
title: Standhafftigkeit Im Christlichen Glauben etlicher Japonesischer Knaben; 1668
title: Fürgestelt Von der Studirenden Jungendt dess Fürstlichen Gymnasii zu Neuburg Anno 1668
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Reicher, Leonhard Pankraz
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Perioche
The dependence of Galactic outflows on the properties and orientation of zCOSMOS galaxies at z ~ 1
Creators: name: Bordoloi, R.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Hardmeier, E.
name: Contini, T.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Caputi, K.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: de Ravel, L.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Iovino, A.
name: Kampczyk, P.
name: Kovac, K.
name: Knobel, C.
name: Lamareille, F.
name: Borgne, J. -F. Le
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Maier, C.
name: Mignoli, M.
name: Oesch, P.
name: Pello, R.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Montero, E. Perez
name: Presotto, V.
name: Silverman, J.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Tasca, L.
name: Tresse, L.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Cappi, A.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Coppa, G.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Koekemoer, A.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Nair, P.
name: Pozzetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of cool outflowing gas around galaxies, traced by MgII absorption lines in the co-added spectra of a sample of 486 zCOSMOS galaxies at 1 < z < 1.5. These galaxies span a range of stellar masses (9.45< log[M*/Msun]<10.7) and star formation rates (0.14 < log [SFR/Msun/yr] < 2.35). We identify the cool outflowing component in the MgII absorption and find that the equivalent width of the outflowing component increases with stellar mass. The outflow equivalent width also increases steadily with the increasing star formation rate of the galaxies. At similar stellar masses the blue galaxies exhibit a significantly higher outflow equivalent width as compared to red galaxies. The outflow equivalent width shows strong effect with star formation surface density (ΣSFR) of the sample. For the disk galaxies, the outflow equivalent width is higher for the face-on systems as compared to the edge-on ones, indicating that for the disk galaxies, the outflowing gas is primarily bipolar in geometry. Galaxies typically exhibit outflow velocities ranging from -200 km/s to -300 km/s and on average the face-on galaxies exhibit higher outflow velocity as compared to the edge-on ones. Galaxies with irregular morphologies exhibit outflow equivalent width as well as outflow velocities comparable to face on disk galaxies. These galaxies exhibit minimum mass outflow rates > 5-7 Msun/yr and a mass loading factor (η = dMout/dt /SFR) comparable to the star formation rates of the galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures, ApJ submitted
title: Historical Photographs Collection
Creators: name: Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Publisher: name: University Archives, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences
classificationCode: 6.1
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: USUHS Archives Finding Aid
Historical Photographs Collection
2024
Pronolagus Lyon 1904
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Pronolagus

description: Pronolagus Lyon, 1904. Smithson. Mise. Coll., 45:416. REVIEWED BY: T. J. Robinson (TJR). ISIS NUMBER: 5301409002006000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003
Improving the efficiency of small animal 3D printed compensator IMRT with beamlet intensity total variation regularization
Creators: name: Liu, Xinmin
name: Van Slyke, Alexander L.
name: Pearson, Erik
name: Shoniyozov, Khayrullo
name: Redler, Gage
name: Wiersma, Rodney D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: There is growing interest in the use of modern 3D printing technology to implement intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) on the preclinical scale which is analogous to clinical IMRT. However, current 3D-printed IMRT methods suffer from complex modulation patterns leading to long delivery times, excess filament usage, and inaccurate compensator fabrication. In this work, we have developed a total variation regularization (TVR) approach to address these issues. Methods: TVR-IMRT, a technique designed to minimize the intensity difference between neighboring beamlets, was used to optimize the beamlet intensity map, which was then converted to corresponding compensator thicknesses in copper-doped PLA filament. IMRT and TVR-IMRT plans using five beams were generated to treat a mouse heart while sparing lung tissue. The individual field doses and composite dose were delivered to film and compared to the corresponding planned doses using gamma analysis. Results: TVR-IMRT reduced the total variation of both the beamlet intensities and compensator thicknesses by around 50% when compared to standard 3D printed compensator IMRT. The total mass of compensator material consumed and radiation beam-on time were reduced by 20-30%, while DVHs remained comparable. Gamma analysis passing rate with 3%/0.3mm criterion was 89.07% for IMRT and 95.37% for TVR-IMRT. Conclusion: TVR can be applied to small animal IMRT beamlet intensities in order to produce fluence maps and subsequent 3D-printed compensator patterns with less total variation, simplifying 3D printing and reducing the amount of filament required. The TVR-IMRT plan required less beam-on time while maintaining the dose conformity when compared to a traditional IMRT plan.
A Weighted and Normalized Gould-Fernandez brokerage measure
Creators: name: Zádor, Zsófia
name: Zhu, Zhen
name: Smith, Matthew
name: Gorgoni, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gould and Fernandez local brokerage measure defines brokering roles based on the group membership of the nodes from the incoming and outgoing edges. This paper extends on this brokerage measure to account for weighted edges and introduces the Weighted-Normalized Gould-Fernandez measure (WNGF). The value added of this new measure is demonstrated empirically with both a macro level trade network and a micro level organization network. The measure is first applied to the EUREGIO inter-regional trade dataset and then to an organizational network in a research and development group. The results gained from the WNGF measure are compared to those from two dichotomized networks: a threshold and a multiscale backbone network. The results show that the WNGF generates valid results, consistent with those of the dichotomized network. In addition, it provides the following advantages: (i) it ensures information retention, (ii) since no alterations and decisions have to be made on how to dichotomize the network, the WNGF frees the user from the burden of making assumptions, (iii) it provides a nuanced understanding of each node's brokerage role. These advantages are of special importance when the role of less connected nodes is considered. The two empirical networks used here are for illustrative purposes. Possible applications of WNGF span beyond regional and organizational studies, and into all those contexts where retaining weights is important, for example by accounting for persisting or repeating edges compared to one-time interactions. WNGF can also be used to further analyze networks that measure how often people meet, talk, text, like, or retweet. WNGF makes a relevant methodological contribution as it offers a way to analyze brokerage in weighted, directed, and even complete graphs without information loss that can be used across disciplines and different type of networks.
description: 33 pages, 3 figures
Quantifying the rise and fall of scientific fields
Creators: name: Singh, Chakresh
name: Barme, Emma
name: Ward, Robert
name: Tupikina, Liubov
name: Santolini, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Science advances by pushing the boundaries of the adjacent possible. While the global scientific enterprise grows at an exponential pace, at the mesoscopic level the exploration and exploitation of research ideas is reflected through the rise and fall of research fields. The empirical literature has largely studied such dynamics on a case-by-case basis, with a focus on explaining how and why communities of knowledge production evolve. Although fields rise and fall on different temporal and population scales, they are generally argued to pass through a common set of evolutionary stages. To understand the social processes that drive these stages beyond case studies, we need a way to quantify and compare different fields on the same terms. In this paper we develop techniques for identifying scale-invariant patterns in the evolution of scientific fields, and demonstrate their usefulness using 1.5 million preprints from the arXiv repository covering 175 research fields spanning Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology and Quantitative Finance. We show that fields consistently follows a rise and fall pattern captured by a two parameters right-tailed Gumbel temporal distribution. We introduce a field-specific rescaled time and explore the generic properties shared by articles and authors at the creation, adoption, peak, and decay evolutionary phases. We find that the early phase of a field is characterized by the mixing of cognitively distant fields by small teams of interdisciplinary authors, while late phases exhibit the role of specialized, large teams building on the previous works in the field. This method provides foundations to quantitatively explore the generic patterns underlying the evolution of research fields in science, with general implications in innovation studies.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, 8 SI figures
Pronolagus crassicaudatus
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Pronolagus
Pronolagus crassicaudatus

description: Pronolagus crassicaudatus (I. Geoffroy, 1832). Guerin's Mag. Zool., 2:cl. 1, pl. 9 and text. TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Natal, Port Natal (= Durban). DISTRIBUTION: South Africa. COMMENT: The relationship of crassicaudatus and randensis is unclear; see Petter, 1972, Part 5: 6. ISIS NUMBER: 5301409002006001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 601, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003
A smart local moving algorithm for large-scale modularity-based community detection
Creators: name: Waltman, Ludo
name: van Eck, Nees Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a new algorithm for modularity-based community detection in large networks. The algorithm, which we refer to as a smart local moving algorithm, takes advantage of a well-known local moving heuristic that is also used by other algorithms. Compared with these other algorithms, our proposed algorithm uses the local moving heuristic in a more sophisticated way. Based on an analysis of a diverse set of networks, we show that our smart local moving algorithm identifies community structures with higher modularity values than other algorithms for large-scale modularity optimization, among which the popular 'Louvain algorithm' introduced by Blondel et al. (2008). The computational efficiency of our algorithm makes it possible to perform community detection in networks with tens of millions of nodes and hundreds of millions of edges. Our smart local moving algorithm also performs well in small and medium-sized networks. In short computing times, it identifies community structures with modularity values equally high as, or almost as high as, the highest values reported in the literature, and sometimes even higher than the highest values found in the literature.
Practice Abstracts BRANCHES PROJECT H2020 - PA31
Creators: name: Saija Rasi (Luke)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biomethane, carbon neutral agriculture

description: Climate-smart food production
description: BRANCHES will produce and share more than 50 case studies, considered Best Practices. The selected case studies will be summarized in Practice Abstracts (PAs), documents tailored for practitioners, shared through the project media and collected on this webpage. The numbering of the PAs only refers to chronological order of uploading. Enjoy your reading!
Heisenberg-limited quantum phase estimation of multiple eigenvalues with few control qubits
Creators: name: Dutkiewicz, Alicja
name: Terhal, Barbara M.
name: O'Brien, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum phase estimation is a cornerstone in quantum algorithm design, allowing for the inference of eigenvalues of exponentially-large sparse matrices.The maximum rate at which these eigenvalues may be learned, --known as the Heisenberg limit--, is constrained by bounds on the circuit complexity required to simulate an arbitrary Hamiltonian. Single-control qubit variants of quantum phase estimation that do not require coherence between experiments have garnered interest in recent years due to lower circuit depth and minimal qubit overhead. In this work we show that these methods can achieve the Heisenberg limit, {\em also} when one is unable to prepare eigenstates of the system. Given a quantum subroutine which provides samples of a `phase function' $g(k)=\sum_j A_j e^{i ϕ_j k}$ with unknown eigenphases $ϕ_j$ and overlaps $A_j$ at quantum cost $O(k)$, we show how to estimate the phases $\{ϕ_j\}$ with (root-mean-square) error $δ$ for total quantum cost $T=O(δ^{-1})$. Our scheme combines the idea of Heisenberg-limited multi-order quantum phase estimation for a single eigenvalue phase [Higgins et al (2009) and Kimmel et al (2015)] with subroutines with so-called dense quantum phase estimation which uses classical processing via time-series analysis for the QEEP problem [Somma (2019)] or the matrix pencil method. For our algorithm which adaptively fixes the choice for $k$ in $g(k)$ we prove Heisenberg-limited scaling when we use the time-series/QEEP subroutine. We present numerical evidence that using the matrix pencil technique the algorithm can achieve Heisenberg-limited scaling as well.
description: 25 pages + 5 page appendix, 3 figures, accepted in Quantum
Training of deep cross-modality conversion models with a small dataset, and their application in megavoltage CT to kilovoltage CT conversion
Creators: name: Ozaki, Sho
name: Kaji, Shizuo
name: Nawa, Kanabu
name: Imae, Toshikazu
name: Aoki, Atsushi
name: Nakamoto, Takahiro
name: Ohta, Takeshi
name: Nozawa, Yuki
name: Yamashita, Hideomi
name: Haga, Akihiro
name: Nakagawa, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, deep-learning-based image processing has emerged as a valuable tool for medical imaging owing to its high performance. However, the quality of deep-learning-based methods heavily relies on the amount of training data; the high cost of acquiring a large dataset is a limitation to their utilization in medical fields. Herein, based on deep learning, we developed a computed tomography (CT) modality conversion method requiring only a few unsupervised images. The proposed method is based on CycleGAN with several extensions tailored for CT images, which aims at preserving the structure in the processed images and reducing the amount of training data. This method was applied to realize the conversion of megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) to kilovoltage computed tomography (kVCT) images. Training was conducted using several datasets acquired from patients with head and neck cancer. The size of the datasets ranged from 16 slices (two patients) to 2745 slices (137 patients) for MVCT and 2824 slices (98 patients) for kVCT. The required size of the training data was found to be as small as a few hundred slices. By statistical and visual evaluations, the quality improvement and structure preservation of the MVCT images converted by the proposed model were investigated. As a clinical benefit, it was observed by medical doctors that the converted images enhanced the precision of contouring. We developed an MVCT to kVCT conversion model based on deep learning, which can be trained using only a few hundred unpaired images. The stability of the model against changes in data size was demonstrated. This study promotes the reliable use of deep learning in clinical medicine by partially answering commonly asked questions, such as "Is our data sufficient?" and "How much data should we acquire?"
description: 3+27 pages, 13 figures, version published in Medical Physics
A Proof that the Maximal Rank for Plane Quartics is Seven
Creators: name: De Paris, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A99, 14M99

description: At the time of writing, the general problem of finding the maximal Waring rank for homogeneous polynomials of fixed degree and number of variables (or, equivalently, the maximal symmetric rank for symmetric tensors of fixed order and in fixed dimension) is still unsolved. To our knowledge, the answer for ternary quartics is not widely known and can only be found among the results of a master's thesis by Johannes Kleppe at the University of Oslo (1999). In the present work we give a (direct) proof that the maximal rank for plane quartics is seven, following the elementary geometric idea of splitting power sum decompositions along three suitable lines.
A Natural Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Gehring, Pascal
name: Benia, Hadj M.
name: Weng, Ye
name: Dinnebier, Robert
name: Ast, Christian R.
name: Burghard, Marko
name: Kern, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The earth's crust and outer space are rich sources of technologically relevant materials which have found application in a wide range of fields. Well-established examples are diamond, one of the hardest known materials, or graphite as a suitable precursor of graphene. The ongoing drive to discover novel materials useful for (opto)electronic applications has recently drawn strong attention to topological insulators. Here, we report that Kawazulite, a mineral with the approximate composition Bi$_2$(Te,Se)$_2$(Se,S), represents a naturally occurring topological insulator whose electronic properties compete well with those of its synthetic counterparts. Kawazulite flakes with a thickness of a few tens of nanometers were prepared by mechanical exfoliation. They exhibit a low intrinsic bulk doping level and correspondingly a sizable mobility of surface state carriers of more than $1000 \text{cm}^2/(\text{V s})$ at low temperature. Based on these findings, further minerals which due to their minimized defect densities display even better electronic characteristics may be identified in the future.
High-z Supernova Type Ia Data: non-Gaussianity and Direction Dependence
Creators: name: Gupta, Shashikant
name: Singh, Meghendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the $Δ_{χ^2}$ statistic introduced in \cite{gup08,gup10} to study directional dependence, in the high-z supernovae data. This dependence could arise due to departures from the cosmological principle or from direction dependent statistical systematics in the data. We apply our statistic to the gold data set from \cite{rie04} and \cite{rie07}, and Union2 catalogue from \cite{aman10}. Our results show that all the three data sets show a weak but consistent direction dependence. In 2007 data errors are Gaussian, however other two data sets show non-Gaussian features.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables; submitted to MNRAS. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1005.2868
Data-informed Deep Optimization
Creators: name: Zhang, Lulu
name: Xu, Zhi-Qin John
name: Zhang, Yaoyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex design problems are common in the scientific and industrial fields. In practice, objective functions or constraints of these problems often do not have explicit formulas, and can be estimated only at a set of sampling points through experiments or simulations. Such optimization problems are especially challenging when design parameters are high-dimensional due to the curse of dimensionality. In this work, we propose a data-informed deep optimization (DiDo) approach as follows: first, we use a deep neural network (DNN) classifier to learn the feasible region; second, we sample feasible points based on the DNN classifier for fitting of the objective function; finally, we find optimal points of the DNN-surrogate optimization problem by gradient descent. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our DiDo approach, we consider a practical design case in industry, in which our approach yields good solutions using limited size of training data. We further use a 100-dimension toy example to show the effectiveness of our model for higher dimensional problems. Our results indicate that the DiDo approach empowered by DNN is flexible and promising for solving general high-dimensional design problems in practice.
Pronolagus randensis Jameson 1907
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Pronolagus
Pronolagus randensis

description: Pronolagus randensis Jameson, 1907. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 20:404. TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Transvaal, Johannesburg, Observatory, 5900 ft. (1798 m). DISTRIBUTION: South Africa; E. Botswana; Zimbabwe; Namibia. COMMENT: Included in crassicaudatus by Lundholm, 1955, Ann. Transvaal Mus., 22:279-303; but see Petter, 1972, Part 5:6. ISIS NUMBER: 5301409002006003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 602, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003
Evidence for strong progenitor age dependence of type Ia supernova luminosity standardization process
Creators: name: Lee, Young-Wook
name: Chung, Chul
name: Demarque, Pierre
name: Park, Seunghyun
name: Son, Junhyuk
name: Kang, Yijung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova (SN) cosmology is based on the assumption that the width-luminosity relation (WLR) and the color-luminosity relation (CLR) in the type Ia SN luminosity standardization would not show {absolute magnitude differences} with progenitor age. Unlike this expectation, recent age datings of stellar populations in host galaxies have shown significant correlations between progenitor age and Hubble residual (HR). Here we show that this correlation originates from a strong progenitor age dependence of the zero-points of the WLR and the CLR, in the sense that SNe from younger progenitors are fainter each at given light-curve parameters $x_1$ and $c$. This $4.6σ$ result is reminiscent of Baade's discovery of the zero-point variation of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation with age, and, as such, causes a serious systematic bias with redshift in SN cosmology. Other host properties show substantially smaller and insignificant offsets in the WLR and CLR for the same dataset. We illustrate that the differences between the high-$z$ and low-$z$ SNe in the WLR and CLR, and in HR after the standardization, are fully comparable to those between the correspondingly young and old SNe at intermediate redshift, indicating that the observed dimming of SNe with redshift may well be an artifact of over-correction in the luminosity standardization. When this systematic bias with redshift is properly taken into account, there is little evidence left for an accelerating universe, in discordance with other probes, urging the follow-up investigations with larger samples at different redshift bins.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dispvtatio Philosophica De Mvtatione Qvalitatvm; 1623
Creators: name: Lamparter, Heinrich
name: Balde, Jakob
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2009

description: Bibliogr. Nachweis: VD17 23:239369K. - Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Ingolstadii, Ex Typographeo Gregorii Haenlin.
Practice Abstracts BRANCHES PROJECT H2020 - PA32
Creators: name: Laura García Laverde, Shalaja Weber
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Milk residues, fibres

description: New value chains from milk residues
description: BRANCHES will produce and share more than 50 case studies, considered Best Practices. The selected case studies will be summarized in Practice Abstracts (PAs), documents tailored for practitioners, shared through the project media and collected on this webpage. The numbering of the PAs only refers to chronological order of uploading. Enjoy your reading!
Pronolagus rupestris
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
Pronolagus
Pronolagus rupestris

description: Pronolagus rupestris (A. Smith, 1834). S. Afr. J., 2: 174. TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, W. Cape Province (uncertain, probably Van Rhynsdorp). DISTRIBUTION: South Africa to Kenya. ISIS NUMBER: 5301409002006004001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Lagomorpha, pp. 595-604 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 602, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353003