cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sub-surface alteration and related change in reflectance spectra of space-weathered materials
Creators: name: Chrbolková, K.
name: Halodová, P.
name: Kohout, T.
name: Ďurech, J.
name: Mizohata, K.
name: Malý, P.
name: Dědič, V.
name: Penttilä, A.
name: Trojánek, F.
name: Jarugula, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main complications for the interpretation of reflectance spectra of airless planetary bodies is surface alteration by space weathering caused by irradiation by solar wind and micrometeoroid particles. We aim to evaluate the damage to the samples from H and laser irradiation and relate it to the observed alteration in the spectra. We used olivine (OL) and pyroxene (OPX) pellets irradiated by 5 keV H ions and individual fs laser pulses and measured their visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra. We observed the pellets with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. We studied structural, mineralogical, and chemical modifications in the samples and connected them to changes in the reflectance spectra. In both minerals, H irradiation induces partially amorphous sub-surface layers containing small vesicles. In OL pellets, these vesicles are more tightly packed than in OPX ones. Related spectral change is mainly in the VIS spectral slope. Changes due to laser irradiation are mostly dependent on material's melting temperature. Only the laser-irradiated OL contains nanophase Fe particles, which induce detectable spectral slope change throughout the measured spectral range. Our results suggest that spectral changes at VIS-NIR wavelengths are mainly dependent on thickness of (partially) amorphous sub-surface layers. Amorphisation smooths microroughness, increasing the contribution of volume scattering and absorption over surface scattering. Soon after exposure to the space environment, the appearance of partially amorphous sub-surface layers results in rapid changes in the VIS spectral slope. In later stages (onset of micrometeoroid bombardment), we expect an emergence of nanoparticles to also mildly affect the NIR spectral slope. An increase in dimensions of amorphous layers and vesicles in the more space-weathered material will only cause band-depth variation and darkening.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Abstract was modified to comply with the required maximum number of characters of arXiv abstracts
2D sigma models and differential Poisson algebras
Creators: name: Arias, Cesar
name: Boulanger, Nicolas
name: Sundell, Per
name: Torres-Gomez, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a two-dimensional topological sigma model whose target space is endowed with a Poisson algebra for differential forms. The model consists of an equal number of bosonic and fermionic fields of worldsheet form degrees zero and one. The action is built using exterior products and derivatives, without any reference to any worldsheet metric, and is of the covariant Hamiltonian form. The equations of motion define a universally Cartan integrable system. In addition to gauge symmetries, the model has one rigid nilpotent supersymmetry corresponding to the target space de Rham operator. The rigid and local symmetries of the action, respectively, are equivalent to the Poisson bracket being compatible with the de Rham operator and obeying graded Jacobi identities. We propose that perturbative quantization of the model yields a covariantized differential star product algebra of Kontsevich type. We comment on the resemblance to the topological A model.
description: 20 pages
Electronic Supplementary Methods from Plastic but repeatable: rapid adjustments of mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species.
Creators: name: Stier, Antoine
name: Bize, Pierre
name: Bin-Yan Hsu
name: Ruuskanen, Suvi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Mitochondrial respiration and mtDNA copy number qPCR methodology (inc. Fig S1)
Framing Effects in Evaluations of Flip-Flopping Politicians
Creators: name: Garrett, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The effect of a flip-flop on a politician’s electoral prospects has been debated in recent years (see for example Croco and Gartner 2014 versus Tomz and Van Houweling 2009), but this debate has yet to consider how outside framing can play a role in how voters consider the flip-flop in their judgements. Flip-flopping requires a change in a stated policy position, with an implied element of hypocrisy. I theorize that vote share in flip-flopping scenarios is affected by not only motivated reasoning explanations but also framing effects that influence how voters use the issue to evaluate the politician. I expect that framing of flip-flops will be effective on non-partisan issues, but that partisan issues will cause framing effects to be conditional on the source being the same party as the subject. Using an original experiment with 900 subjects I find that flip-flopping is more nuanced than previously thought, with framing significantly decreasing support for a politician when the flip-flop is criticized by the subject’s own party. This occurs across both partisan and non-partisan issues. These findings have implications for how electoral decisions are made by voters and inform our understanding of how viable highlighting an opponent’s position change is in campaign strategies.
(707) Richard Padgin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(708) Thomas Padgin
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic Supplementary Results from Plastic but repeatable: rapid adjustments of mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species.
Creators: name: Stier, Antoine
name: Bize, Pierre
name: Bin-Yan Hsu
name: Ruuskanen, Suvi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Fig S2: Between-individual differences between incubation and chick-rearing stages in body mass, mitochondrial copy number, respiration rates and flux control ratios in female pied flycatchers matched for sampling date
(705) Charles Autey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Ultra-sensitive Super-THz Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors for future space telescopes
Creators: name: Baselmans, J. J. A.
name: Facchin, F.
name: Laguna, A. Pascual
name: Bueno, J.
name: Thoen, D. J.
name: Murugesan, V.
name: Llombart, N.
name: de Visser, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future actively cooled space-borne observatories for the far-infrared, loosely defined as a 1--10 THz band, can potentially reach a sensitivity limited only by background radiation from the Universe. This will result in an increase in observing speed of many orders of magnitude. A spectroscopic instrument on such an observatory requires large arrays of detectors with a sensitivity expressed as a noise equivalent power NEP = 3 $\times 10^{-20}$ $W\surd{Hz}$. We present the design, fabrication, and characterisation of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) for this frequency range reaching the required sensitivity. The devices are based on thin-film NbTiN resonators which use lens-antenna coupling to a submicron-width aluminium transmission line at the shorted end of the resonator where the radiation is absorbed. We optimised the MKID geometry for a low NEP by using a small aluminium volume of $\approx$ 1$μm^3$ and fabricating the aluminium section on a very thin (100 nm) SiN membrane. Both methods of optimisation also reduce the effect of excess noise by increasing the responsivity of the device, which is further increased by reducing the parasitic geometrical inductance of the resonator. We measure the sensitivity of eight MKIDs with respect to the power absorbed in the detector using a thermal calibration source filtered in a narrow band around 1.55 THz. We obtain a NEP$_{exp}(P_{abs})\:=\:3.1\pm0.9\times10^{-20}\:W\surd{Hz}$ at a modulation frequency of 200 Hz averaged over all measured MKIDs. The NEP is limited by quasiparticle trapping. The measured sensitivity is sufficient for spectroscopic observations from future, actively cooled space-based observatories. Moreover, the presented device design and assembly can be adapted for frequencies up to $\approx$ 10 THz and can be readily implemented in kilopixel arrays.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures (including appendices). This work is accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics and will be published there shortly
title: The role of private rights in maritime boundary delimitation: a proposal for procedural reform
Creators: name: Cathro, Scott Robert
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: The objective of this thesis is to ultimately conclude that private rights and commercial activity should be afforded an elevated role in maritime delimitation judgments, and then propose a procedural reformation to address this. In Chapter I, I endeavoured to establish the modern-day delimitation procedure, with an expansive discussion on the pertinent case law and applicable concepts. I will conclude that while the current formulation has the capacity to consider and implement private rights into boundary judgments, in practice this is rarely achieved. In Chapter II, I will focus upon the treatment of private rights in maritime boundary delimitation, with an analysis of relevant jurisprudence. This will conclude that while disputes often revolve around the operation of maritime commerce, the current procedure does not reflect this in practice. International courts and tribunals strongly favour the consideration of geographic elements in altering provisionally charted boundaries, while commercial factors are often left unaddressed. In Chapter III, justification will be provided to support an increased role for private rights in procedural delimitation. This will be achieved by examining the consequences that states, their citizens, and the wider international community can be exposed to owing to the nonconsideration of commercial operations at sea. This argument will be supported by an analysis of judicial opinion and academic rationale, to ultimately conclude that procedural development is required to address this issue. In Chapter IV, I will propose a reformation of procedural maritime delimitation to elevate the role of private rights and commercial activity in judicial proceedings. I will conclude that the most viable solution is affording the consideration of non-geographic factors a distinct structural mechanism, and provide commentary justifying this choice.
Electronic Supplementary Methods from Plastic but repeatable: rapid adjustments of mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species
Creators: name: Stier, Antoine
name: Bize, Pierre
name: Bin-Yan Hsu
name: Ruuskanen, Suvi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Mitochondrial respiration and mtDNA copy number qPCR methodology (inc. Fig S1)
Exact coefficients for higher dimensional operators with sixteen supersymmetries
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Ming
name: Huang, Yu-tin
name: Wen, Congkao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider constraints on higher dimensional operators for supersymmetric effective field theories. In four dimensions with maximal supersymmetry and SU(4) R-symmetry, we demonstrate that the coefficients of abelian operators F^n with MHV helicity configurations must satisfy a recursion relation, and are completely determined by that of F^4. As the F^4 coefficient is known to be one-loop exact, this allows us to derive exact coefficients for all such operators. We also argue that the results are consistent with the SL(2,Z) duality symmetry. Breaking SU(4) to Sp(4), in anticipation for the Coulomb branch effective action, we again find an infinite class of operators whose coefficient that are determined exactly. We also consider three-dimensional N=8 as well as six-dimensional N=(2,0),(1,0) and (1,1) theories. In all cases, we demonstrate that the coefficient of dimension-six operator must be proportional to the square of that of dimension-four.
description: typos corrected, minor modification
Direct observation of the spin exciton in Andreev spectroscopy of iron-based superconductors
Creators: name: Korshunov, M. M.
name: Kuzmichev, S. A.
name: Kuzmicheva, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasiparticle excitations provide viable information on the physics of unconventional superconductors. Higgs and Leggett modes are some of the classic examples. Another important bosonic excitation is the spin exciton originating from the sign-changing superconducting gap structure. Here we report a direct observation of the temperature-dependent spin exciton in the Andreev spectra of iron-based superconductors. Combined with the other experimental evidence, our observation confirms the extended $s$-wave ($s_\pm$) order parameter symmetry and indirectly proves the spin-fluctuation mechanism of Cooper pairing.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Negative polarization properties of regolith simulants -- Systematic experimental evaluation of composition effects
Creators: name: Spadaccia, Stefano
name: Patty, C. H. Lucas
name: Capelo, Holly L.
name: Thomas, Nicolas
name: Pommerol, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarization phase curves of asteroids and other small airless bodies are influenced by the compositional and physical properties of their regolith. The mixing of minerals composing the regolith influences the negative polarization at small phase angles because it changes the multiple scattering properties of the medium. This work aims to demonstrate experimentally how the mixing effect influences the polarization phase curve at small phase angles for different mineralogies relevant for asteroids, and to determine how different aggregate sizes affect the negative polarization. We prepared a set of binary and ternary mixtures with different common minerals on asteroids and one set of the same mixture with different aggregate sizes. We measured their reflected light at 530 nm with full Stokes polarimetry at phase angles ranging from 0.8° to 30°. The mixing effect of the mixtures with both bright and dark minerals significantly changes the behavior of the phase curves in terms of minimum polarization, phase angle of the minimum, and inversion angle with respect to the mineral components that are mixed together. The changes in phase curve could explain the polarization observation of particular classes of asteroids (F and L class) and other asteroids with peculiar polarization curves or photometric properties. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the negative polarization is invariant to the presence of dust aggregates up to centimeter sizes.
You Won’t Believe This Surprising New Field of Law! The Emerging World of Clickbait Defamation and Its  Connection to Headline Defamation Law
Creators: name: Schmitz, Jake
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The purpose of this thesis is to express the need for additional scholarship in the emerging field of clickbait defamation, introduced by Lawrence Lessig through his January 2020 suit against the New York Times. After an examination of the worlds of both journalism and defamation law, the importance of this new and exciting field is made clear. 

This thesis first demonstrates that the current state of journalism is one that practically demands the publication of clickbait headlines for several reasons relating to online revenues, advanced news metrics, digital intermediaries and online reader habits. This section also establishes that these clickbait headlines are often false in order to attract online users. 

Next, a thorough examination is done of traditional headline defamation cases in order to discern how this precedent might inform the special circumstances presented by clickbait defamation. After analyzing these ten district and appeals level cases, a strong legal argument for the defamatory qualities of clickbait headlines emerges. Specifically, analysis of the case law suggests that a clickbait headline may be read alone in court when determining if it is defamatory. 

Finally, by applying this analysis to Professor Lessig’s landmark suit, this thesis explores how a court may rule in future clickbait defamation cases. Using three criteria set forth in its analysis, the thesis finds that there was considerable legal credibility to Lessig’s suit, and predicts a rise in clickbait defamation lawsuits in the coming years.
Electronic Supplementary Results from Plastic but repeatable: rapid adjustments of mitochondrial function and density during reproduction in a wild bird species
Creators: name: Stier, Antoine
name: Bize, Pierre
name: Bin-Yan Hsu
name: Ruuskanen, Suvi
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Fig S2: Between-individual differences between incubation and chick-rearing stages in body mass, mitochondrial copy number, respiration rates and flux control ratios in female pied flycatchers matched for sampling date
title: 8. Workshop Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion in sicherheitskritischen Systemen: Ausnahmezustand
Creators: name: Mentler, Tilo
name: Reuter, Christian
name: Nestler, Simon
name: Kaufhold, Marc-André
name: Herczeg, Michael
name: Pottebaum, Jens
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023

description: Im Zentrum dieses Workshops steht die Interaktion von Mensch und Technik in sicherheitskritischen Kontexten. Hierzu zählen Anwendungsfelder, die bereits seit vielen Jahren Gegenstand der Forschung und Entwicklung sind. Beispiele sind Katastrophenschutz oder Medizin, aber auch kritische Infrastrukturen. In diesen und vielen weiteren Bereichen gilt, dass sichere Systemzustände nur durch die ganzheitliche Betrachtung von Mensch, Technik und Organisation gewährleistet bzw. schnellstmöglich wieder erreicht werden können. In diesem Zusammenhang ist der Workshop auch der Nutzbarkeit und Akzeptanz von Sicherheitskonzepten sowie einer bewussteren Auseinandersetzung der Nutzenden mit diesem Thema gewidmet. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Themenkomplexe des Workshops, die angenommenen Beiträge und das Organisationsteam vor.
(702) James Kitchingman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On .Indicovalipora marathwadaensis gen.et sp. nov. Cestoda– Dilepididae; Railliet et Henry, 1909 from a reptile in M. S. India
Creators: name: Shaikh, Ishrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Zoology not elsewhere classified

description: This paper contains the description of a gen.etsp. nov. Indicovalipora marathwadaensis. It differs from Ophiovalipora in having scolex large, oval, small suckers, rostellum medium, oval with double crown of hooks, short, thin, testes 120-125 in number, small, round, cirrus pouch oval, elongated
(703) Edward Autey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic supplementary figures and tables from A regional-scale assessment of using metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties.
Creators: name: McCarthy, James K.
name: Dwyer, John M.
name: Mokany, Karel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The metabolic scaling theory (MST) is one of ecology's most high-profile general models and can be used to link size distributions and productivity in forest systems. Much of MST's foundation is based on size distributions following a power law function with a scaling exponent of −2, a property assumed to be consistent in steady-state ecosystems. We tested the theory's generality by comparing actual size distributions with those predicted using MST parameters assumed to be general. We then used environmental variables and functional traits to explain deviation from theoretical expectations. Finally, we compared values of relative productivity predicted using the MST with a remote-sensed measure of productivity. We found that fire-prone heath communities deviated from MST-predicted size distributions, whereas fire-sensitive rainforests largely agreed with the theory. Scaling exponents ranged from −1.4 to −5.3. Deviation from the power law assumption was best explained by the specific leaf area which varies along fire frequency and moisture gradients. While the MST may hold in low-disturbance systems, we show that it cannot be applied under many environmental contexts. The theory should remain general, but understanding the factors driving deviation from the MST and subsequent refinements are required if it is to be applied robustly across larger scales.
Interaction driven metal-insulator transition in strained graphene
Creators: name: Tang, Ho-Kin
name: Laksono, E.
name: Rodrigues, J. N. B.
name: Sengupta, P.
name: Assaad, F. F.
name: Adam, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of whether electron-electron interactions can drive a metal to insulator transition in graphene under realistic experimental conditions is addressed. Using three representative methods to calculate the effective long-range Coulomb interaction between $π$-electrons in graphene and solving for the ground state using quantum Monte Carlo methods, we argue that without strain, graphene remains metallic and changing the substrate from SiO$_2$ to suspended samples hardly makes any difference. In contrast, applying a rather large -- but experimentally realistic -- uniform and isotropic strain of about $15\%$ seems to be a promising route to making graphene an antiferromagnetic Mott insulator.
description: Updated version: 6 pages, 3 figures
Lateral predictive coding revisited: Internal model, symmetry breaking, and response time
Creators: name: Huang, Zhen-Ye
name: Fan, Xin-Yi
name: Zhou, Jianwen
name: Zhou, Hai-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predictive coding is a promising theoretical framework in neuroscience for understanding information transmission and perception. It posits that the brain perceives the external world through internal models and updates these models under the guidance of prediction errors. Previous studies on predictive coding emphasized top-down feedback interactions in hierarchical multi-layered networks but largely ignored lateral recurrent interactions. We perform analytical and numerical investigations in this work on the effects of single-layer lateral interactions. We consider a simple predictive response dynamics and run it on the MNIST dataset of hand-written digits. We find that learning will generally break the interaction symmetry between peer neurons, and that high input correlation between two neurons does not necessarily bring strong direct interactions between them. The optimized network responds to familiar input signals much faster than to novel or random inputs, and it significantly reduces the correlations between the output states of pairs of neurons.
description: 12 pages, including 10 figures. To be published in the journal CTP
Controlled quantum dot array segmentation via a highly tunable interdot tunnel coupling
Creators: name: Nurizzo, Martin
name: Jadot, Baptiste
name: Mortemousque, Pierre-André
name: Thiney, Vivien
name: Chanrion, Emmanuel
name: Dartiailh, Matthieu
name: Ludwig, Arne
name: Wieck, Andreas D.
name: Bäuerle, Christopher
name: Urdampilleta, Matias
name: Meunier, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent demonstrations using electron spins stored in quantum dots array as qubits are promising for developing a scalable quantum computing platform. An ongoing effort is therefore aiming at the precise control of the quantum dots parameters in larger and larger arrays which represents a complex challenge. Partitioning of the system with the help of the inter-dot tunnel barriers can lead to a simplification for tuning and offers a protection against unwanted charge displacement. In a triple quantum dot system, we demonstrate a nanosecond control of the inter-dot tunnel rate permitting to reach the two extreme regimes, large GHz tunnel coupling and sub-Hz isolation between adjacent dots. We use this novel development to isolate a sub part of the array while performing charge displacement and readout in the rest of the system. The degree of control over the tunnel coupling achieved in a unit cell should motivate future protocol development for tuning, manipulation and readout including this capability.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
The ionizing and heating power of ultraluminous X-ray sources under the geometrical beaming model
Creators: name: Kovlakas, K.
name: Fragos, T.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Mesinger, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While there is now a consensus that X-ray binaries (XRBs) are the dominant X-ray sources in the early Universe and play a significant role during the epoch of heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM), recent studies report contradicting results regarding their contribution in the nebular emission of local Universe galaxies. Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs), which dominate the X-ray budget of normal galaxies, may be important interstellar-medium (ISM) ionizing sources. However, their output in the extreme UV (EUV) and soft--X-ray part of the spectrum remains observationally unconstrained. In this paper, we predict the ionizing and heating power from ULX populations under the geometrical beaming scenario, and three models describing the emission from super-critical accretion disks. We find that our theoretical spectra for ULX populations cannot (can) explain the HeII (NeV) emission observed in some galaxies, with their contribution being less (more) important than the underlying stellar population. Stochastic fluctuations in the number of ULXs may allow for equal contributions in the HeII emission, in a fraction of galaxies. We provide average spectra of ULX populations as an input to local, and early-Universe studies. We find that the soft--X-ray emission arising from super-critical accretion is significant for the heating of the IGM, and consistent with recent constraints from the 21-cm cosmic signal. Based on the dependence on the adopted compact-object (CO) mass and accretion model, we encourage efforts in modeling ULX spectra via simulations, and their combination with detailed binary population synthesis models.
description: 8 pages. 6 figures, 1 table. This article has been accepted for publication in the Astronomy & Astrophysics journal. The full Table 1 will be made available via CDS
Spatial distribution of jets in solar active regions
Creators: name: Odermatt, Jonas
name: Barczynski, Krzysztof
name: Harra, Louise K.
name: Schwanitz, Conrad
name: Krucker, Säm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Solar active regions are known to have jets. These jets are associated with heating and the release of particles into the solar wind. Aim. Our aim is to understand the spatial distribution of coronal jets within active regions to understand if there is a preferential location for them to occur. Methods. We analysed five active regions using Solar Dynamics Observatory Atmospheric Imaging Assembly data over a period of 2-3.5 days when the active regions were close to disk centre. Each active region had a different age, magnetic field strength, and topology. We developed a methodology for determining the position and length of the jets. Results. Jets are observed more frequently at the edges of the active regions and are more densely located around a strong leading sunspot. The number of coronal jets for our active regions is dependent on the age of the active region. The older active regions produce more jets than younger ones. Jets were observed dominantly at the edges of the active regions, and not as frequently in the centre. The number of jets is independent of the average unsigned magnetic field and total flux density in the whole active region. The jets are located around the edges of the strong leading sunspot.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Supplemental Fig. 3 from Three-dimensional myocardial strain correlates with murine left ventricular remodelling severity post-infarction.
Creators: name: Soepriatna, Arvin H.
name: A. Kevin Yeh
name: Clifford, Abigail D.
name: Bezci, Semih E.
name: O'Connell, Grace D.
name: Goergen, Craig J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Representative day 28 long-axis ultrasound images (top), 3D surface strains (middle), and bullseye strain maps (bottom) of the remodeled LVs for all five mice in the I/R group. The akinetic myocardium is marked in dashed yellow lines, and the strain estimated infarct size is outlined in solid black line. Sternal artifact is shaded in gray with black dashed border. Scalebar: 1mm.
(704) William Autey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(699) Edward Autey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Exiled to Glory
Creators: name: James, Sydney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Exiled to Glory wrestles through care and the impacts of the absence of that nurture. It considers the perspectives that any given small, rural town holds. Stokesdalia is the excavated town that raised me. In this work, I try to make sense of my own life and upbringing while giving the town, the people, and the estranged, the respect and honor they all rightfully own.
(701) Rachel Kitchingman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Details of Limb Brightening Reveal the Structure of the Base of the Jet in M\,87 for the First Time
Creators: name: Punsly, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has become commonplace is astronomy to describe the transverse coarse structure of jets in loosely defined terms such as "sheath" and "spine" based on discussions of parsec scale properties. But, the applicability, dimension and prominence of these features on sub-lt-yr scales has previously been unconstrained by observation. The first direct evidence of jet structure near the source in M\,87 is extreme limb brightening (a double-rail morphology), 0.3 - 0.6 mas from the source, that is prominent in observations with high resolution and sensitivity. Intensity cross-cuts of these images provide three strong, interdependent constraints on the geometry responsible for the double-rail morphology: the rail to rail separation, the peak to trough intensity ratio and the rail widths. Analyzing these constraints indicates that half or more of the jet volume resides in a thick-walled, tubular, mildly relativistic, protonic jet only $\sim 0.25$ lt-yr (or $\sim 300$ M, where M is the central black hole mass in geometrized units) from the source. By contrast, the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration interprets their observations with the aid of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations that produce an invisible (by construction) jet with a surrounding luminous, thin sheath. Yet, it is shown that synthetic images of simulated jets are center brightened 0.3 - 0.6 mas from the source. This serious disconnection with observation occurs in a region previously claimed in the literature to be well represented by the simulations. The limb brightening analysis motivates a discussion of possible simulation modifications to improve conformance with observations.
description: To appear in ApJ
Electronic supplementary figures and tables from A regional-scale assessment of using the metabolic scaling theory to predict ecosystem properties
Creators: name: McCarthy, James K.
name: Dwyer, John M.
name: Mokany, Karel
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The metabolic scaling theory (MST) is one of ecology's most high-profile general models and can be used to link size distributions and productivity in forest systems. Much of MST's foundation is based on size distributions following a power law function with a scaling exponent of −2, a property assumed to be consistent in steady-state ecosystems. We tested the theory's generality by comparing actual size distributions with those predicted using MST parameters assumed to be general. We then used environmental variables and functional traits to explain deviation from theoretical expectations. Finally, we compared values of relative productivity predicted using the MST with a remote-sensed measure of productivity. We found that fire-prone heath communities deviated from MST-predicted size distributions, whereas fire-sensitive rainforests largely agreed with the theory. Scaling exponents ranged from −1.4 to −5.3. Deviation from the power law assumption was best explained by the specific leaf area which varies along fire frequency and moisture gradients. While the MST may hold in low-disturbance systems, we show that it cannot be applied under many environmental contexts. The theory should remain general, but understanding the factors driving deviation from the MST and subsequent refinements are required if it is to be applied robustly across larger scales.
Populations of Solutions to Cyclotomic Bethe Equations
Creators: name: Varchenko, Alexander
name: Young, Charles A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations for the cyclotomic Gaudin model of [Vicedo B., Young C.A.S., arXiv:1409.6937]. We give two interpretations of such solutions: as critical points of a cyclotomic master function, and as critical points with cyclotomic symmetry of a certain "extended" master function. In finite types, this yields a correspondence between the Bethe eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the cyclotomic Gaudin model and those of an "extended" non-cyclotomic Gaudin model. We proceed to define populations of solutions to the cyclotomic Bethe equations, in the sense of [Mukhin E., Varchenko A., Commun. Contemp. Math. 6 (2004), 111-163, math.QA/0209017], for diagram automorphisms of Kac-Moody Lie algebras. In the case of type A with the diagram automorphism, we associate to each population a vector space of quasi-polynomials with specified ramification conditions. This vector space is equipped with a ${\mathbb Z}_2$-gradation and a non-degenerate bilinear form which is (skew-)symmetric on the even (resp. odd) graded subspace. We show that the population of cyclotomic critical points is isomorphic to the variety of isotropic full flags in this space.
Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst and Associated Kilonova Emission from Fast-spinning Black Hole--Neutron Star Mergers
Creators: name: Zhu, Jin-Ping
name: Wang, Xiangyu Ivy
name: Sun, Hui
name: Yang, Yuan-Pei
name: Li, Zhuo
name: Hu, Rui-Chong
name: Qin, Ying
name: Wu, Shichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we collect three unique bursts, GRBs\,060614, 211211A and 211227A, all characterized by a long-duration main emission (ME) phase and a rebrightening extended emission (EE) phase, to study their observed properties and the potential origin as neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers. NS-first-born (BH-first-born) NSBH mergers tend to contain fast-spinning (non-spinning) BHs that more easily (hardly) allow tidal disruption to happen with (without) forming electromagnetic signals. We find that NS-first-born NSBH mergers can well interpret the origins of these three GRBs, supported by that: (1) Their X-ray MEs and EEs show unambiguous fall-back accretion signatures, decreasing as $\propto{t}^{-5/3}$, which might account for their long duration. The EEs can result from the fall-back accretion of $r$-process heating materials, predicted to occur after NSBH mergers. (2) The beaming-corrected local event rate density for this type of merger-origin long-duration GRBs is $\mathcal{R}_0\sim2.4^{+2.3}_{-1.3}\,{\rm{Gpc}}^{-3}\,{\rm{yr}}^{-1}$, consistent with that of NS-first-born NSBH mergers. (3) Our detailed analysis on the EE, afterglow and kilonova of the recently high-impact event GRB\,211211A reveals it could be a merger between a $\sim1.23^{+0.06}_{-0.07}\,M_\odot$ NS and a $\sim8.21^{+0.77}_{-0.75}\,M_\odot$ BH with an aligned-spin of $χ_{\rm{BH}}\sim0.62^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$, supporting an NS-first-born NSBH formation channel. Long-duration burst with rebrightening fall-back accretion signature after ME, and bright kilonova might be commonly observed features for on-axis NSBHs. We estimate the multimessenger detection rate between gravitational waves, GRBs and kilonovae from NSBH mergers in O4 (O5) is $\sim0.1\,{\rm{yr}}^{-1}$ ($\sim1\,{\rm{yr}}^{-1}$).
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, accepted by ApJL
Quantum Diffusion in Sharp Transition to Non-Slow-Roll Phase
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Nahid
name: Noorbala, Mahdiyar
name: Feyzabadi, Niloufar
name: Eghbalpoor, Fatemeh
name: Ahmadi, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transitions between different inflationary slow-roll scenarios are known to provide short non-slow-roll periods with non-trivial consequences. We consider the effect of quantum diffusion on the inflationary dynamics in a transition process. Using the stochastic δN formalism, we follow the detailed evolution of noises through a sharp transition modeled by the Starobinsky potential, although some of our results apply to any sharp transition. We find how the stochastic noise induced by the transition affects the coarse-grained fields. We then consider the special case that the potential is flat after the transition. It is found that the particular noise we obtain cannot drive the inflaton past the classically unreachable field values. By deriving the characteristic function, we also study the tail behavior for the distribution of curvature perturbations ζ, which we find to decay faster than e^(-3ζ).
description: 31 pages, 7 figures
New measurement of the excited states in $^{11}$B via the elastic resonance scattering of $^{10}$Be + p
Creators: name: Liu, Y. D.
name: Wang, H. W.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Cao, X. G.
name: Zhang, G. Q.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Lyu, M.
name: He, W. B.
name: Dai, Z. T.
name: Li, C.
name: Zhou, C. L.
name: Ye, S. Q.
name: Tao, C.
name: Wang, J.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Han, J. L.
name: Yang, Y. Y.
name: Ma, P.
name: Ma, J. B.
name: Jin, S. L.
name: Bai, Z.
name: Jin, L.
name: Yan, D.
name: Wang, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elastic resonance scattering protons decayed from $^{11}$B to the ground state of $^{10}$Be were measured using the thick-target technique in inverse kinematics at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). The obtained excitation functions were well described by a multichannel R-matrix procedure under the kinematics process assumption of resonant elastic scattering. The excitation energy of the resonant states ranges from 13.0 to 17.0 MeV, and their resonant parameters such as the resonant energy E$_{x}$, the spin-parity J$^π$, and the proton-decay partial width $Γ_p$ were determined from R-matrix fits to the data. Two of these states around E$_{x}$ = 14.55 MeV [J$^π$ = (3/2$^+$, 5/2$^+$), $Γ_p$ = 475 $\pm$ 80 keV] and E$_{x}$ = 14.74 MeV [J$^π$ = 3/2$^-$, $Γ_p$ = 830 $\pm$ 145 keV], and a probably populated state at E$_x$ = 16.18 MeV [J$^π$ =(1/2$^-$, 3/2$^-$), $Γ_p$ $
description: 7 pages, 2 tables, 7 figures; Physical Review C (2015) accepted
(698) Francis Buckle
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.