Berndtia purpurea Utinomi 1950
Creators: name: Chan, Benny K. K.
name: Kolbasov, Gregory A.
name: Hirose, Mamiko
name: Mezaki, T.
name: Suwa, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Pygophora
Lithoglyptidae
Berndtia
Berndtia purpurea

description: Berndtia purpurea Utinomi, 1950b   
(Figures 2C, 3C–F, 13–17, 22C, 23C)  
 Berndtia purpurea Utinomi 1950b; a: 87, Figures 1–2, in part. Utinomi 1957: 1, Figures 2–10, pls I-II, in part. Tomlinson, 1969: 79, Figure 19. Kolbasov, 2009: 287, fig 90.    Materials examined   
 Syntype specimen. No. 57 Seto Marine Laboratory Collection (see Figure 13). CEL- Acro 123, 10 specimens, bored in the coral Lepastrea purpurea, He Ping Island, NE coast, Taiwan, 19 May 2010, depth 10 m. CEL-Acro-OK6, three specimens, bored in the coral Lepastrea purpurea, Zanpa, Okinawa, Japan 31 May 2010, depth 10m. CEL-Acro-OK7, seven specimens, same data as CEL-Acro-OK6. CEL-Acro-JAcro9, 10 specimens, bored in the coral Lepastrea purpurea, Tanabe Bay, Wakayama, Japan, 1 Aug 2010. CEL- Acro-HK01, 10 specimens, bored in coral Lepastrea purpurea, Nov, 2011.    Diagnosis   
 Female. Operculum wide, oval shaped, composed of a pair of opercular bars. When alive, outer surfaces of the opercular bars have three paired blue-coloured stripshaped areas (three on each bar), distributed at the two ends and the middle portion. The remaining parts of the outer surface of the opercular bar are black in colour. Outer surfaces of the opercular bars with dense, numerous spherical nodules, without setae, lateral margins with simple and bifid teeth. The posterior lobes of operculum not protruded, their posterior margins straight. External surface of mantle sac with simple, bifid and trifid teeth. Thorax with two small conical processes on ventral side. Bore in the coral Lepastrea purpurea.   
 Description (based on our own material collected from the type locality and type specimen)   
Female. Burrow opening oval shaped, well fitted with the operculum shape (Figure 3C–F). Operculum wide oval shaped, with a pair of massive opercular bars, separated by a straight occludent slit (Figures 3D, E, 14A). When alive, each opercular bar with three blue-coloured strip-shaped areas, located symmetrically at the anterior and posterior ends and the middle region, and separated by two black strips (Figure 3D, E). A pair of small red spots located at the lower (anterior) black strips, near the occludent margin of the opercular bars (Figures 3D, E, 13C). During feeding, the operculum can protrude slightly out of the burrow with the opercular bars opened and the terminal cirri extending outside (Figure 3F). Outer surface of the opercular bars concaved, anterior and posterior ends distinctly separated from the rest of mantle sac (Figures 2C, 13B, C, 14A, J). The comb collar comprises villous setiform protrusions, extending towards the posterior region and terminating at the posterior opercular lobe (‘orificial velum’ in Hiro 1950a; Figure 14A–C, K). Posterior lobe of operculum not protruded, posterior margin straight and terminates into bundles of simple setae (Figures 13D, 14B, J, K, 15A). Lateral margins of the opercular bars with simple or bifid teeth (Figure 14D). Outer surface of opercular bars with numerous small spherical nodules, without setae (Figure 14E, F). The occludent margins of the opercular bars bear numerous simple setae (Figure 14F). The lateral surface of the operculum area scattered with numerous small simple and bifid teeth, rows of dense multifid scales and simple setae (Figure 14G, I). Mantle sac yellowish and with sparsely distributed simple, bifid or trifid teeth on the surface and rare ctenoid multifid scales (Figure 14H, I, L). Orificial knob and lateral bars absent. Mouth cirri (I) with short rami, rami length about one-quarter total length of cirrus (Figures 15C, 16A, 17A–D). Inner (anterior) ramus six-segmented, outer (posterior) ramus five-segmented (Figures 15C, 16A, 17A–D). Both rami with setulated setae (Figure 17B, D, E). Labrum saddle-shaped, bullate, with convex upper edge armed with developed dorsal process, anterior edge horseshoe-shaped, smooth (Figure 16A, B), a few simple setae sit on upper lateral surface and dorsal process (Figure 16A). Distal part of mandibular palp trapezoid, with dense simple setae and setae with tiny sparse setules on tip and sparse simple setae on both anterior and posterior margins (Figures 15E, 16C, D). Mandible with three teeth excluding the inferior angle, the first upper tooth far separated from the remainder, second and third teeth short, lower margin with two small denticles and inferior angle ending in four large denticles (Figures 15F, 16E). Maxillule single notched (Figures 15G, 16F), notch concave, about one-fifth of the cutting margin, two large cuspidate and one shorter setae above notch and more than 12 sharp setae at the cutting margin below notch, lateral surfaces with dense serrate setae. Maxilla sub-triangular with dense simple setae on outer margin and tip (Figures 15H, 16G, H).  
 sac; (I) large single teeth on mantle sac and massive multifid scales; (J) lateral view of upper half of mantle sac; (K) lateral view of posterior part of opercular area, showing small posterior lobe, note the straight posterior margin of posterior lobe; (L) surface of mantle sac showing feeble multifid scales and mantle teeth. Abbreviations: cc – comb collar, ob – opercular bars, pl – posterior lobe. Scale bars in μm.   
Thorax with two small conical processes on ventral side (Figure 17F). Terminal cirri five pairs, first pair shortest (Figure 17F). Annuli of terminal cirri with single distal serrate seta on posterior margin and paired long distal and small middle setae with fine setules on anterior margin (Figures 15D, 17G, H).   Dwarf males   
Dwarf males were found on the mantle sac of the female and on wall of burrow (Figure 2C, 3C). Males elongated, tadpole shaped, and with a small terminal ampulla on long stalk at the posterior end. Some opaque reddish purple granules were found at the middle of the elongated body, believed to be remnants of the cypris eyes, attachment of cypris antennules without stalk (Figure 22C).   Habitat   
 Bore in the coral Lepastrea purpurea and one specimen boring in Montipora coral in the present study.    Distribution   
Taiwan, Japan: Okinawa, Kochi and Wakayama.   Remarks   
 Utinomi (1950b), published a book chapter in Japanese on 1 April 1950 (see Poore, 2013), and identified Berndtia purpurea from Wakayama, Japan and erected a new subfamily, new genus and species to accommodate it. Utinomi (1950a) published a paper in English on 25 July 1950, describing Berndtia purpurea from both Lepastrea and Psammocora corals; he believed the specimens in these two types of corals were the same species. Utinomi (1957) stated the type specimens of Berndtia purpurea to be in the collection of the Seto Marine Laboratory, Wakayama, Japan, but did not mention the coral host of the types (Figure 13A). In the present study, we examined the type specimen of Berndtia purpurea in Wakayama but the information of the type indicated the type and syntypes were collected from both Lepastrea and Psammocora corals (Figure 13A). There exists no information regarding the coral host of the type on the specimen label. When examining the external morphology of the type specimen, we found that the posterior lobe of the operculum of the type had a straight posterior margin which fits the morphology of our specimens collected from Lepastrea purpurea from the type locality (Wakayama; Figure 13). We therefore, conclude the type specimens of Berndtia purpurea was collected from the coral Lepastrea purpurea but not Psammocora profundacella.
description: Published as part of Chan, Benny K. K., Kolbasov, Gregory A., Hirose, Mamiko, Mezaki, T. & Suwa, R., 2014, Biodiversity and biogeography of the coral boring barnacles of the genus Berndtia (Cirripedia: Acrothoracica) in the West Pacific, with description of three new species, pp. 1503-1541 in Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) (J. Nat. Hist.) 48 (25 - 26) on pages 1522-1529, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.896488, http://zenodo.org/record/5193782