cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining Global Coronal Models with Multiple Independent Observables
Creators: name: Badman, Samuel T.
name: Brooks, David H.
name: Poirier, Nicolas
name: Warren, Harry P.
name: Petrie, Gordon
name: Rouillard, Alexis P.
name: Arge, C. Nick
name: Bale, Stuart D.
name: Aguero, Diego de Pablos
name: Harra, Louise
name: Jones, Shaela I.
name: Kouloumvakos, Athanasios
name: Riley, Pete
name: Panasenco, Olga
name: Velli, Marco
name: Wallace, Samantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global coronal models seek to produce an accurate physical representation of the Sun's atmosphere which can be used, for example, to drive space weather models. Assessing their accuracy is a complex task and there are multiple observational pathways to provide constraints and tune model parameters. Here, we combine several such independent constraints, defining a model-agnostic framework for standardized comparison. We require models to predict the distribution of coronal holes at the photosphere, and neutral line topology at the model outer boundary. We compare these predictions to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations of coronal hole locations, white-light Carrington maps of the streamer belt and the magnetic sector structure measured \textit{in situ} by Parker Solar Probe and 1AU spacecraft. We study these metrics for Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) models as a function of source surface height and magnetogram choice, as well as comparing to the more physical Wang-Sheeley-Arge (WSA) and the Magnetohydrodynamics Algorithm outside a Sphere (MAS) models. We find that simultaneous optimization of PFSS models to all three metrics is not currently possible, implying a trade-off between the quality of representation of coronal holes and streamer belt topology. WSA and MAS results show the additional physics they include addresses this by flattening the streamer belt while maintaining coronal hole sizes, with MAS also improving coronal hole representation relative to WSA. We conclude that this framework is highly useful for inter- and intra-model comparisons. Integral to the framework is the standardization of observables required of each model, evaluating different model aspects.
description: Accepted to ApJ 4/9/2022
Notes on interplay of the QCD and EW perturbative corrections to the pole-running top-quark mass ratio
Creators: name: Kataev, A. L.
name: Molokoedov, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A specific representation of the known one-loop EW correction to the relation between the pole and running $\msbar$-scheme masses of the top-quark through particle masses of the Standard Model is given within the Fleischer-Jegerlehner tadpole scheme, where the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field is renormalized. The importance of taking into account both the EW and QCD effects in this relation in the considered case is emphasized. It is noted that the discard of the EW corrections leads to over $10\;{\rm{GeV}}$ shift in the difference between the pole and running $t$-quark masses. This magnitude exceeds essentially the modern uncertainties of the considered relation, following from the treatment of the Tevatron and LHC data where both pole and running $t$-quark masses are defined in the widespread approach when only the QCD corrections are kept in mind between them.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, definite clarifications added; 1 extra reference added; accepted for publication in JETP Letters
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5870.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 11.08.1958, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Data from: Compression principle and Zipf's law of brevity in infochemical communication
Creators: name: Hernandez-Fernandez, Antoni
name: G. Torre, Ivan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: compression
infochemicals
Information theory
Language
communication

description: Compression has been presented as a general principle of animal communication. Zipf's law of brevity is a manifestation of this postulate and can be generalised as the tendency of more frequent communicative elements to be shorter. Previous works supported this claim, showing evidence of Zipf's law of brevity in animal acoustical communication and human language. However, a significant part of the communicative effort in biological systems is carried out in other transmission channels, such as those based on infochemicals. To fill this gap, we seek, for the first time, shreds of evidence of this principle in infochemical communication by analysing the statistical tendency of more frequent infochemicals to be chemically shorter and lighter. We analyse data from the largest and most comprehensive open-access infochemical database known as Pherobase, recovering Zipf's law of brevity in interspecific communication (allelochemicals) but not in intraspecific communication (pheromones). Moreover, these results are robust even when addressing different magnitudes of study or mathematical approaches. Therefore, different dynamics from the compression principle would dominate intraspecific chemical communication, defying the universality of Zipf's law of brevity. To conclude, we discuss the exception found for pheromones in the light of other potential communicative paradigms such as pressures on successful communication or the Handicap principle.
description: The database is provided as a standard CSV file. No special program or software is needed beyond a simple text editor. It is also provided an excel information about classes and species at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6672025. Those data are results from the processed database. Additionally, one python Jupyter Notebook file for processing the database and obtainints results is also provided. Correlation tests and fitting to distributions are performed with the two R files provided. They are available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6672023
description: The dataset was obtained crawling the Pherobase website https://www.pherobase.com/database/compound/compounds-index.php
Efficiency and feasibility of biological grey wastewater treatment facilities in Virklund, Denmark
Creators: name: Hansen, Sidsel
name: Eriksson, Eva
Publisher: name: Grøn Dyst 2010
Year: 2010

description: Reuse of water is almost not used in Denmark, due to fear of contamination and low water prices. In this project two existing grey wastewater treatment facilities in Denmark are used as case study. Water samples are analysed and the economic feasibility are evaluated. There are advantages by reusing water: Lower water use and potential moneysaving. But there are also disadvantages: Bacterial growth, high number of particles and laws that need to be taken into account to make a sustainable solution. Is this technology good enough to be used in the future?
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5884.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 27.08.1958, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Machine learning-based method of calorimeter saturation correction for helium flux analysis with DAMPE experiment
Creators: name: Stolpovskiy, Mikhail
name: Wu, Xin
name: Tykhonov, Andrii
name: Deliyergiyev, Maksym
name: Perrina, Chiara
name: Munoz, Maria
name: Droz, David
name: Ruina, Arshia
name: Catanzani, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: DAMPE is a space-borne experiment for the measurement of the cosmic-ray fluxes at energies up to around 100 TeV per nucleon. At energies above several tens of TeV, the electronics of DAMPE calorimeter would saturate, leaving certain bars with no energy recorded. In the present work we discuss the application of machine learning techniques for the treatment of DAMPE data, to compensate the calorimeter energy lost by saturation.
Spectroscopy of the massive interacting binary UU Cassiopeiae
Creators: name: Hadrava, P.
name: Cabezas, M.
name: Djurašević, G.
name: Garcés, J.
name: Gorda, S. Yu.
name: Jurkovic, M. I.
name: Korčáková, D.
name: Markov, H.
name: Mennickent, R. E.
name: Petrović, J.
name: Vince, I.
name: Zharikov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. The eclipsing close binary UU Cas is an interacting massive double-periodic system with a gainer star partly hidden in an accretion disk. Aims. In order to study the physics of the accretion process in greater detail, along with the structure and dynamics of the circumstellar matter in the system, we supplement our previous results obtained from photometry with an analysis of the spectra of UU Cas. Methods. We collected all available spectra used in previous publications on UU Cas and we acquired new ones. The method of disentangling was applied to this set of spectra spanning the years 2008-2021. The orbital parameters were disentangled and a fit of the separated component spectra by synthetic ones has been used to determine the physical parameters of the component stars. We compared the results to models of the evolution of interacting binaries. Results. We found that in addition to the dominant role of the donor star and a weak contribution of the gainer, the line profiles are strongly influenced by the circumstellar matter. The absorption lines reveal a presence of a disk wind emanating above the orbital plane. The variability of Hα emission yields evidence of changes in the structure of the circumstellar matter on a timescale of several orbital periods.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5913.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 26.09.1958, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Emergence of superconductivity on the border of antiferromagnetic order in RbMn6Bi5 under high pressure: A new family of Mn-based superconductors
Creators: name: Yang, P. T.
name: Dong, Q. X.
name: Shan, P. F.
name: Liu, Z. Y.
name: Sun, J. P.
name: Dun, Z. L.
name: Uwatoko, Y.
name: Chen, G. F.
name: Wang, B. S.
name: Cheng, J. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advances in the field of unconventional superconductivity are largely driven by the discovery of novel superconducting systems. Here we report on the discovery of superconductivity on the border of antiferromagnetic order in a quasi-one-dimensional RbMn6Bi5 via measurements of resistivity and magnetic susceptibility under high pressures. With increasing pressure, its antiferromagnetic transition with TN = 83 K at ambient pressure is first enhanced moderately and then suppressed completely at a critical pressure of Pc = 13 GPa, around which bulk superconductivity emerges and exhibits a dome-like Tc(P) with a maximal Tc_onset = 9.5 K at about 15 GPa. Its temperature-pressure phase diagram resembles those of many magnetism-mediated superconducting systems. In addition, the superconducting state around Pc is characterized by a large upper critical field μ0Hc2(0) exceeding the Pauli limit, elaborating a possible unconventional paring mechanism. The present study, together with our recent work on KMn6Bi5 (Tcmax = 9.3 K), makes AMn6Bi5 (A= Alkali metal) a new family of Mn-based superconductors with relatively high Tc.
Economics of biodiesel production
Creators: name: Christiansen, Camilla
name: Ladegaard, Anne Skov
name: Nordblad, Mathias
name: Woodley, John
Publisher: name: Grøn Dyst 2010
Year: 2010

description: EU has determined that 10 % of all fuel used in 2020 should be replaced by a biofuel. That substitute could be biodiesel. This project deals with the possibility of replacing 10 % of the used fuel in Denmark by biodiesel. Furthermore a comparison of the economic evaluation of two different plants was done. The crucial difference between the plants was purchase of the catalyst, enzymatic or chemical, with a difference of 17.3 mil. kr. The residual from both plants is glycerol. A smaller plant was designed to produce arcrolein from glycerol. An economic evaluation of this plant was done.
Searching for the connection between ionizing-photon escape and the surface density of star formation at z~3
Creators: name: Pahl, Anthony J.
name: Shapley, Alice
name: Steidel, Charles C.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Chen, Yuguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between the escape fraction of ionizing photons ($f_{\rm esc}$) and star-formation rate surface density ($Σ_{\rm SFR}$) is a key input for reionization models, but remains untested at high redshift. We analyse 35 z~3 galaxies from the Keck Lyman Continuum Survey (KLCS) covered by deep, rest far-UV spectra of the Lyman continuum (LyC) and high-resolution HST V$_{606}$ imaging, enabling estimates of both $f_{\rm esc}$ and rest-UV sizes. Using Sérsic profile fits to HST images and spectral-energy distribution fits to multi-band photometry, we measure effective sizes and star-formation rates for the galaxies in our sample, and separate the sample into two bins of $Σ_{\rm SFR}$. Based on composite spectra, we estimate <$f_{\rm esc}$> for both $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ subsamples, finding no significant difference in <$f_{\rm esc}$> between the two. To test the representativeness of the KLCS HST sample and the robustness of this result, we attempt to recover the well-established correlation between $f_{\rm esc}$ and Ly$α$ equivalent width. This correlation is not significant within the KLCS HST sample, indicating that the sample is not sufficient for correlating $f_{\rm esc}$ and galaxy properties such as $Σ_{\rm SFR}$. We perform stacking simulations using the KLCS parent sample to determine the optimal sample size for robust probes of the $f_{\rm esc}$-$Σ_{\rm SFR}$ connection to inform future HST LyC observing programs. For a program with a selection independent of ionizing properties, >= 90 objects are required; for one preferentially observing strongly-leaking LyC sources, >= 58 objects are required. More generally, measuring the connection between $f_{\rm esc}$ and $Σ_{\rm SFR}$ requires a larger, representative sample spanning a wide dynamic range in galaxies properties such as $Σ_{\rm SFR}$.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5969.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 08.12.1958, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Spin Impurities, Wilson Lines and Semiclassics
Creators: name: Cuomo, Gabriel
name: Komargodski, Zohar
name: Mezei, Márk
name: Raviv-Moshe, Avia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider line defects with large quantum numbers in conformal field theories. First, we consider spin impurities, both for a free scalar triplet and in the Wilson-Fisher $O(3)$ model. For the free scalar triplet, we find a rich phase diagram that includes a perturbative fixed point, a new nonperturbative fixed point, and runaway regimes. To obtain these results, we develop a new semiclassical approach. For the Wilson-Fisher model, we propose an alternative description, which becomes weakly coupled in the large spin limit. This allows us to chart the phase diagram and obtain numerous rigorous predictions for large spin impurities in $2+1$ dimensional magnets. Finally, we also study $1/2$-BPS Wilson lines in large representations of the gauge group in rank-1 $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories. We contrast the results with the qualitative behavior of large spin impurities in magnets.
description: 55 pages + appendices, 13 figures v2 Discussion of effective field theory for Wilson lines shortened, the results remain unchanged; references updated; 53 pages + appendices, 13 figures v3 minor changes, matches published version
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5852.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 24.07.1958, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
The influence of window air leakages on the air tightness performance of residential buildings
Creators: name: Relander, Thor-Oskar
name: Thue, Jan Vincent
name: Gustavsen, Arild
name: Relander, Thor-Oskar
Publisher: name: 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries
Year: 2008

description: Air tightness is particularly important to achieve buildings with low energy demand. The air tightness requirements in the new and stricter Norwegian technical regulations, TEK 2007, cause considerable concern for the building industry. Thus there is a growing interest of forecasting whole buildings’ air tightness based on sealing techniques chosen.

In the paper “Air tightness performance of different jointing methods for windows in wood-frame buildings”, the air tightness of different sealing techniques for window joints were measured and discussed. This paper represents a continuance of the same PhD study, and focuses on the resulting n50 air change rate, depending on window joint sealing method chosen. Different wood-frame buildings of gross area around 150-200 m2 with various numbers of windows and geometries have been analysed. This gives a basis for calculating the contribution of air leakages from the windows to the buildings total air change rate.

Calculations show that the geometry of the windows is of the utmost importance to the total length of window joints. In turn this is essential to the total air leakage contribution from windows. Architects designing energy efficient buildings therefore should deliberate while planning the number and geometries of windows. This will take both the potential of air leakages and thermal bridges into account.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5838.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 11.07.1958, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Influence of the Earth's atmosphere rotation on the spectrum of acoustic-gravity waves
Creators: name: Cheremnykh, O. K.
name: Cheremnykh, S. O.
name: Vlasov, D. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was shown in a recent paper by Cheremnykh et al. (Advances in Space Research, 2022) that taking into account the rotation of the Earth's atmosphere leads to the appearance of a new region of evanescent waves with a continuous frequency spectrum on the diagnostic diagram of acoustic-gravity waves. The region is located below the lower limit of gravity waves, which is equal $2Ω$ at all wavelengths, where $Ω$ is the angular frequency of the atmosphere rotation. This result was obtained for high-latitude regions of the atmosphere, in which we can limit ourselves to considering only the vertical component of the Earth's rotation frequency. In the proposed paper we show that taking into account both components of the vector of the atmosphere rotation frequency $\overrightarrowΩ$ - horizontal, $Ω\cosφ$ , and vertical, $Ω\sinφ$, where $φ$ is the Earth`s latitude, the dominant role in the acoustic-gravity waves propagation is played by the vertical component. It is shown that the horizontal component leads to an insignificant modification on the diagnostic diagram of the boundaries of the areas of acoustic and gravity waves, which can be neglected. Also shown that the strongest vertical component of the frequency affects the lower limit of gravity waves, which depends at all wavelengths on the latitude of the observation site and is equal to $2Ω\sinφ$.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Microphysics of Relativistic Collisionless Electron-ion-positron Shocks
Creators: name: Groselj, Daniel
name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform particle-in-cell simulations to elucidate the microphysics of relativistic weakly magnetized shocks loaded with electron-positron pairs. Various external magnetizations $σ\lesssim 10^{-4}$ and pair-loading factors $Z_\pm \lesssim 10$ are studied, where $Z_\pm$ is the number of loaded electrons and positrons per ion. We find the following. (1) The shock becomes mediated by the ion Larmor gyration in the mean field when $σ$ exceeds a critical value $σ_{\rm L}$ that decreases with $Z_\pm$. At $σ\lesssimσ_{\rm L}$ the shock is mediated by particle scattering in the self-generated microturbulent fields, the strength and scale of which decrease with $Z_\pm$, leading to lower $σ_{\rm L}$. (2) The energy fraction carried by the post-shock pairs is robustly in the range between 20% and 50% of the upstream ion energy. The mean energy per post-shock electron scales as $\overline{E}_{\rm e}\propto (Z_\pm+1)^{-1}$. (3) Pair loading suppresses nonthermal ion acceleration at magnetizations as low as $σ\approx 5\times 10^{-6}$. The ions then become essentially thermal with mean energy $\overline{E}_{\rm i}$, while electrons form a nonthermal tail, extending from $E\sim (Z_\pm + 1)^{-1}\overline{E}_{\rm i}$ to $\overline{E}_{\rm i}$. When $σ= 0$, particle acceleration is enhanced by the formation of intense magnetic cavities that populate the precursor during the late stages of shock evolution. Here, the maximum energy of the nonthermal ions and electrons keeps growing over the duration of the simulation. Alongside the simulations, we develop theoretical estimates consistent with the numerical results. Our findings have important implications for models of early gamma-ray burst afterglows.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, submitted to ApJ
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5863.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 04.08.1958, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Air tightness performance of different jointing methods for windows in wood-frame buildings
Creators: name: Relander, Thor-Oskar
name: Thue, Jan Vincent
name: Gustavsen, Arild
name: Relander, Thor-Oskar
Publisher: name: 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries
Year: 2008

description: Energy use in buildings has come more into focus in recent years. Achieving an energy efficient building is very dependent on the building’s air tightness. This can be quantified using the blower door pressurization technique. The air tightness requirements in the new and stricter Norwegian technical regulations, TEK 2007, cause considerable concern for the building industry. This leads to a growing interest for air tight constructions and methods.

Air leakages in buildings have many origins, where joints around windows is one of them. This depends on the materials being chosen, sealing technique as well as the craftsmanship. This paper is a part of a PhD study, and discusses the effects on air leakages from window joints only, depending on tightening technique chosen. Measurements of 7 different sealing techniques have been carried out on a window of 1,2m x 1,2m with a continuous joint of 15 mm. The pressure chamber testing rig at SINTEF Byggforsk has been used.

From the laboratory measurements it is shown that tape, wind barrier strips and backer rod contribute the most to the air tightness of the window joint. A comparison has also been made between a pulled-in and a conventional mounting of vapour barrier. The measurements show that when the vapour barrier is squeezed against the jamb liner, the pulled-in variant should be sealed in the corners to reduce air leakages. Measurements of the air tightness of a self-expanding sealing strip show that this product has the same air tightness as 50 mm mineral wool insulation.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5896.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 08.09.1958, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Computational modeling of cyclic wetting and drying in building envelopes containing salts
Creators: name: Madera, Jiri
name: Cerny, Robert
name: Madera, Jiri
Publisher: name: 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries
Year: 2008

description: Prediction of water and salt movement and salt crystallization in porous materials can be done effectively by means of mathematical and computational modeling. In this way, the time development of water and salt concentration fields can be obtained which is crucial for a proper assessment of possible future damage of materials. In this paper, computational simulation of water and salt movement and salt crystallization in envelope parts of historical buildings is presented.

The diffusion-advection model is used for basic description of coupled water and salt transport, taking into account both water movement due to the moisture gradient and diffusion and dispersion effects within the liquid phase due to the concentration gradient. Salt crystallization in the porous body is modeled using an equilibrium model. The effect of salt bonding on the pore walls is taken into account as well. All water and salt transport and storage parameters are assumed to be hysteretic.

The mathematical model is solved using the standard Galerkin finite element approach, and a computational implementation is performed. The computer code in C++ is then used in a series of computational simulations for characteristic types of historical building envelopes provided by new surface layers at their renovation. Climatic data corresponding to the test reference year for Prague are used as boundary conditions, so that cyclic wetting and drying occurs in the envelope.

The results of computer simulations of moisture and salt concentration fields in historical building envelopes are utilized in the subsequent service life analysis. On the basis of changes of moisture and salt concentration, particularly the number of wetting-drying cycles and frost cycles in a combination with moisture and salt conditions, the durability of new surface layers is assessed.
Mechanical, hygric and thermal properties of gypsum produced from different raw materials
Creators: name: Tesarek, Pavel
name: Cerny, Robert
name: Tesarek, Pavel
Publisher: name: 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries
Year: 2008

description: Calcined gypsum is a historical binder that was used already several thousands years ago. Nowadays, gypsum is produced from various raw materials. The natural gypsum as a source for calcined gypsum production is not prevailing any more and new sources appear mostly as secondary raw materials. Flue gas desulphurization gypsum as waste material from thermal power plants and chemo-gypsum as waste material from production of phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, citric acid and boric acid are the most typical representatives of these sources.

In this paper, -form calcined gypsum produced using three different types of raw materials is studied. The first material is flue gas desulfurization gypsum with purity higher than 98 % of calcium sulfate components. It is produced at the electric power plant Počerady. The second is “white” gypsum produced at Gypstrend Inc. – Kobeřice using chemo-gypsum. The other is “grey” gypsum from the same company produced mainly using natural gypsum. The water/gypsum ratios corresponding to the normal consistence according to ČSN 72 2301 are chosen. Normal consistence is determined using the slump test. The standard slump corresponding to the normal consistence is 180±5 mm.

At first, basic parameters of the studied gypsum materials, namely hydration heat and initial and final setting times are measured. The process of hydration heat generation at room temperature of about 25 °C is monitored using the isothermal heat flow calorimeter KC 01. The reaction heat flow data are analyzed and integrated to obtain the hydration heat. The initial and final setting times are measured by Vicat device according to ČSN 72 2301. As for mechanical properties, compressive strength and bending strength are determined. Among the hygric properties, apparent moisture diffusivity is calculated utilizing the results of water sorptivity measurements, water vapor diffusion permeability is measured by the cup method, sorption isotherms are determined by the common desiccator method.  Thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity as representatives of thermal parameters are measured by an impulse technique.
Passive house supermarket as a brand?
Creators: name: Ostermeyer, York
name: Wallbaum, Holger
name: Brand, Christian
name: Ostermeyer, York
Publisher: name: 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries
Year: 2008

description: The passive house standard is currently promoted massively in the region of lower Saxony in Germany. In the course of this development there are attempts to also develop passive house supermarkets in order to reduce the high energy consumption of these buildings. However the circumstances causing the high consumption are rather differing, raising the question whether a passive house supermarket as a brand makes sense.

The presentation will consist of an introduction to the problem branding a low energy consumption market a passive house market pointing out the differences in concepts and demands. The concept for reducing the energy consumption in the markets will focus on the available climate technology and the consumption behaviour of the consumer as the dominant factor in economical decision making.
VIS-iTrack: Visual Intention through Gaze Tracking using Low-Cost Webcam
Creators: name: Sabab, Shahed Anzarus
name: Kabir, Mohammad Ridwan
name: Hussain, Sayed Rizban
name: Mahmud, Hasan
name: Hasan, Md. Kamrul
name: Rubaiyeat, Husne Ara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4; I.5.2

description: Human intention is an internal, mental characterization for acquiring desired information. From interactive interfaces containing either textual or graphical information, intention to perceive desired information is subjective and strongly connected with eye gaze. In this work, we determine such intention by analyzing real-time eye gaze data with a low-cost regular webcam. We extracted unique features (e.g., Fixation Count, Eye Movement Ratio) from the eye gaze data of 31 participants to generate a dataset containing 124 samples of visual intention for perceiving textual or graphical information, labeled as either TEXT or IMAGE, having 48.39% and 51.61% distribution, respectively. Using this dataset, we analyzed 5 classifiers, including Support Vector Machine (SVM) (Accuracy: 92.19%). Using the trained SVM, we investigated the variation of visual intention among 30 participants, distributed in 3 age groups, and found out that young users were more leaned towards graphical contents whereas older adults felt more interested in textual ones. This finding suggests that real-time eye gaze data can be a potential source of identifying visual intention, analyzing which intention aware interactive interfaces can be designed and developed to facilitate human cognition.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 5888.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 31.08.1958, erstellt von Araldo Pittini, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: Observatorium Specola Solare Ticinese Locarno (1957 bis 1980 Teil der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte der ETH Zürich)
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1958

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
description: ETH-Bibliothek
Muon Track Reconstruction in a Segmented Bolometric Array Using Multi-Objective Optimization
Creators: name: Yocum, J.
name: Mayer, D.
name: Ouellet, J. L.
name: Winslow, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in segmented solid-state detector arrays for rare-event searches have allowed the technology to approach the ton-scale in detector mass and the scale of meters in size. Often focused around searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay or direct dark matter detection, such experiments also have the capability to search for exotic particles that leave track-like signatures across their volume. However, the segmented nature of such detector arrays often sets the spatial resolution and makes the problem of reconstructing track-like paths non-trivial. In this paper, we present an algorithm that improves reconstruction of track-like events in segmented detectors using multi-objective optimization - a computational technique that optimizes more than one cost function at a time without specifying a quantitative weighting between them. Such a technique allows the reconstruction of tracks through a detector and the determination of path-lengths through individual elements. When combined with the reconstructed energy depositions in each element this allows for a calculation of the stopping power of track-like particles and opens the door to searches for particles with abnormal stopping power like monopoles or lightly-ionizing particles (LIPs). Results are presented which evaluate the precision of the reconstruction tools as they currently stand against Monte Carlo generated data. The algorithm is presented in the context of the CUORE experiment, but has applications to other segmented calorimeter detectors.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Energy efficient buildings in central Japan
Creators: name: Wallbaum, Holger
name: Ostermeyer, York
name: Wallbaum, Holger
Publisher: name: 8th Symposium on Building Physics in the Nordic Countries
Year: 2008

description: The building Standard of many Asian countries is low compared to the current standard in most European countries. However the very different cultural habits and resulting problems in designing an optimal construction often prevent the transfer of know how and technology. The project takes first steps to gather necessary data on user behaviour in first test buildings in central Japan that match the current European Standard.
What does cosmology tell us about the mass of thermal-relic dark matter?
Creators: name: An, Rui
name: Gluscevic, Vera
name: Calabrese, Erminia
name: Hill, J. Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of light thermally coupled dark matter affects early expansion history and production of light elements during the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Specifically, dark matter that annihilates into Standard Model particles can modify the effective number of light species in the universe $N_\mathrm{eff}$, as well as the abundance of light elements created buring BBN. These quantities in turn affect the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy. We present the first joint analysis of small-scale temperature and polarization CMB anisotropy from Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and South Pole Telescope (SPT), together with Planck data and the recent primordial abundance measurements of helium and deuterium to place comprehensive bounds on the mass of light thermal-relic dark matter. We consider a range of models, including dark matter that couples to photons and Standard-Model neutrinos. We find that the combination of ACT, SPT, and Planck generally leads to the most stringent mass constraint for dark matter that couples to neutrinos, improving the lower limit by 40%-80%, with respect to previous Planck analyses. On the other hand, the addition of ACT and SPT leads to a slightly weaker bound on electromagnetically coupled particles, due to a shift in the preferred values of $Y_\mathrm{p}$ and $N_\mathrm{eff}$ driven by the ground based experiments. Combining all CMB measurements with primordial abundance measurements, we rule out masses below $\sim$4 MeV at 95% confidence, for all models. We show that allowing for new relativistic species can weaken the mass bounds for dark matter that couples to photons by up to an order of magnitude or more. Finally, we discuss the reach of the next generation of the CMB experiments in terms of probing the mass of the thermal relic dark matter.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted by JCAP
Bayesian Inverse Uncertainty Quantification of the Physical Model Parameters for the Spallation Neutron Source First Target Station
Creators: name: Radaideh, Majdi I.
name: Lin, Lianshan
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Cousineau, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The reliability of the mercury spallation target is mission-critical for the neutron science program of the spallation neutron source at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. We present an inverse uncertainty quantification (UQ) study using the Bayesian framework for the mercury equation of state model parameters, with the assistance of polynomial chaos expansion surrogate models. By leveraging high-fidelity structural mechanics simulations and real measured strain data, the inverse UQ results reveal a maximum-a-posteriori estimate, mean, and standard deviation of $6.5\times 10^4$ ($6.49\times 10^4 \pm 2.39\times 10^3$) Pa for the tensile cutoff threshold, $12112.1$ ($12111.8 \pm 14.9$) kg/m$^3$ for the mercury density, and $1850.4$ ($1849.7 \pm 5.3$) m/s for the mercury speed of sound. These values do not necessarily represent the nominal mercury physical properties, but the ones that fit the strain data and the solid mechanics model we have used, and can be explained by three reasons: The limitations of the computer model or what is known as the model-form uncertainty, the biases and errors in the experimental data, and the mercury cavitation damage that also contributes to the change in mercury behavior. Consequently, the equation of state model parameters try to compensate for these effects to improve fitness to the data. The mercury target simulations using the updated parametric values result in an excellent agreement with 88% average accuracy compared to experimental data, 6% average increase compared to reference parameters, with some sensors experiencing an increase of more than 25%. With a more accurate simulated strain response, the component fatigue analysis can utilize the comprehensive strain history data to evaluate the target vessel's lifetime closer to its real limit, saving tremendous target costs.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables
Weyl Covariance and the Energy Momentum Tensors of Higher-Derivative Free Conformal Field Theories
Creators: name: Stergiou, Andreas
name: Vacca, Gian Paolo
name: Zanusso, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy momentum tensors of higher-derivative free scalar conformal field theories in flat spacetime are discussed. Two algorithms for the computation of energy momentum tensors are described, which accomplish different goals: the first is brute-force and highlights the complexity of the energy momentum tensors, while the second displays some features of their geometric origin as variations of Weyl invariant curved-space actions. New compact expressions for energy momentum tensors are given and specific obstructions to defining them as conformal primary operators in some spacetime dimensions are highlighted. Our discussion is also extended to higher-derivative free spinor theories, which are based on higher-derivative generalizations of the Dirac action and provide interesting examples of conformal field theories in dimension higher than two.
description: 29 pages, 2 tables; v2: new section on unitarity of 2- and 3-pf; v3: further clarifications, to appear in JHEP
Mechanical feedback controls the emergence of dynamical memory in growing tissue monolayers
Creators: name: Sinha, Sumit
name: Li, Xin
name: Das, Rajsekhar
name: Thirumalai, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The growth of a tissue, which depends on cell-cell interactions and biologically relevant process such as cell division and apoptosis, is regulated by a mechanical feedback mechanism. We account for these effects in a minimal two-dimensional model in order to investigate the consequences of mechanical feedback, which is controlled by a critical pressure, $p_c$. A cell can only grow and divide if the pressure it experiences, due to interaction with its neighbors, is less than $p_c$. Because temperature is an irrelevant variable in the model, the cell dynamics is driven by self-generated active forces (SGAFs) that are created by cell division. It is shown that even in the absence of intercellular interactions, cells undergo diffusive behavior. The SGAF driven diffusion is indistinguishable from the well-known dynamics of a free Brownian particle at a fixed finite temperature. When intercellular interactions are taken into account, we find persistent temporal correlations in the force-force autocorrelation function ($FAF$) that extends over timescale of several cell division times. The time-dependence of the $FAF$ reveals memory effects, which increases as pc increases. The observed non-Markovian effects emerge due to the interplay of cell division and mechanical feedback, and is inherently a non-equilibrium phenomenon.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures