cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generation and characterization of multimode quantum frequency combs
Creators: name: Pinel, Olivier
name: Jian, Pu
name: De Araujo, Renné Medeiros
name: Feng, Jingxia
name: Chalopin, Benoît
name: Fabre, Claude
name: Treps, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables, for example in cluster state computation. They can be generated either by mixing different squeezed light sources using linear optical operations, or directly in a multimode optical device. In parallel, frequency combs are perfect tools for high precision metrological applications and for quantum time transfer. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators (SPOPOs) have been theoretically shown to produce multimode non-classical frequency combs. In this paper, we present the first experimental generation and characterization of a femtosecond quantum frequency comb generated by a SPOPO. In particular, we give the experimental evidence of the multimode nature of the generated quantum state and, by studying the spectral noise distribution of this state, we show that at least three nonclassical independent modes are required to describe it.
Clinical Characteristics of Functional Movement Disorders: A Clinic-based Study
Creators: name: Park, Jung E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neurology
Movement disorders
Conversion disorder
Tremor

description: Background: Functional movement disorders are recognized as a “crisis” in neurology. We aimed to determine the rate of incidence of functional movement disorder patients at a university outpatient neurology clinic in South Korea, and highlight the clinical and phenomenological characteristics.

Methods: Patients who were assessed by a movement disorders neurologist at a university hospital between March 2016 and May 2017 were screened for functional movement disorders. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed, and the phenomenology of movements was studied.

Results: Of 321 patients evaluated for the chief complaint of a movement abnormality, approximately 10% (31 patients) were diagnosed with a functional movement disorder. The female to male ratio was 7:1 (27 females to four males). The mean age at presentation was 53 years (standard error 3.6 years), and the mean disease duration was 5 years (standard error 1.4 years). Sixty-one percent (19 out of 31 patients) had a past medical history of depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric illnesses. Tremor and speech abnormalities were most prevalent (19 and 12 patients, respectively). Onset was reported to be abrupt in 14 patients (45%). Thirteen (42%) patients were found to have improvement at a follow-up visit, 10 (32%) had no improvement, and eight (26%) were lost to follow-up.

Discussion: Functional movement disorders are not uncommon in the outpatient neurology clinic. Our results confirm that tremor is the most frequent movement occurring in functional movement disorders, and the most commonly affected body parts were found to be the upper and lower extremities. Speech was also found to be frequently involved (39%). Patients with no improvement at follow-up had longer mean disease duration (6.2 years), consistent with previous observations that prolonged symptom duration is associated with poor clinical outcome. Our study results obtained from a Korean population suggest that previous observations on functional movement disorders from other regions hold true in Eastern Asia.
Vertical gradients of azimuthal velocity in a global thin disk model of spiral galaxies NGC 2403, NGC 4559, NGC 4302 and NGC 5775
Creators: name: Jałocha, Joanna
name: Bratek, Łukasz
name: Kutschera, Marek
name: Skindzier, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the vertical gradient of rotational velocity for several spiral galaxies in the framework of a global thin-disc model, using the approximation of quasi-circular orbits. We obtain gradients having a broad range of values, in agreement with measurements, for galaxies with both low and high gradients. To model the gradient, it suffices to know the rotation curve only. We illustrate, using the example of galaxy NGC 4302 with particularly high gradients, that mass models of galactic rotation curves that assume a significant spheroidal mass component reduce the predicted gradient value, which may suggest that the mass distribution is dominated by a flattened disc-like component. We conclude that the value and behaviour of the vertical gradient in rotational velocity can be used to study the mass distribution in spiral galaxies.
description: 5 pgs, 9 figs
Faces of Gröpelingen. Ein studentisches Projekt der Hochschule Bremen im Wintersemester 2020/21
Creators: name: Davis, Shannon
name: Esper, Majd
name: Hermerath, Yannick
name: Kling, Antonia J.
name: Köhler, Hannah
name: Savira, Anisa Ghina
name: Schwampe, Henry
name: Senyürek, Meliksah
Publisher: name: Hochschule Bremen - Fakultät Gesellschaftswissenschaften
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Gröpelingen
subject: Sozialraum
subject: Soziale Ungleichheit
subject: Sozialpolitische Akteure
subject: Kommunale Sozialpolitik
subject: 300

description: Der Bericht dokumentiert die Ergebnisse des Lehrprojekts des Lehrmoduls "Projekt Politikmanagement" im Wintersemester 2020/21 zum Thema : Akteure der kommunalen Sozialpolitik am Beispiel des Bremer Stadtteils Gröpelingen
description: Die Publikation dokumentiert die Projektarbeit der Studierendengruppe des 3. Semesters des Internationalen Studiengangs Politikmanagement an der Hochschule Bremen im Wintersemester 2020/21. Am Beispiel Gröpelingens werden die sozialpolitischen Probleme eines benachteiligten Stadtteils untersucht. Ergebnis des Projekts sind fünf sozialwissenschaftlich fundierte Portraits von repräsentativen AkteurInnen, die sich im Stadtteil für die Verbesserung der Lebenslagen der Menschen einsetzen. Portraitiert werden das Nachbarschaftshaus Helene Kaisen, der BürgerInfoService in der Stadtteilbibliothek West, die Nachhilfeschule 'Hoffnung durch Lernen', der Ansprechpartner für Migration und Integration der Polizei Bremen und der Gesundheitstreffpunkt West. Die Dokumentation schließt mit einem Appell der Studierenden für die Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen der Akteure durch die Kommunal- und Landespolitik Bremens.
Upper bounds for the bondage number of graphs on topological surfaces
Creators: name: Gagarin, Andrei
name: Zverovich, Vadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05C69, 05C10, 57M15, 90B10, 90B25

description: The bondage number b(G) of a graph G is the smallest number of edges of G whose removal from G results in a graph having the domination number larger than that of G. We show that, for a graph G having the maximum vertex degree $Δ(G)$ and embeddable on an orientable surface of genus h and a non-orientable surface of genus k, $b(G)\le \min\{Δ(G)+h+2, Δ(G)+k+1\}$. This generalizes known upper bounds for planar and toroidal graphs.
description: 10 pages; Updated version (April 2011); Presented at the 7th ECCC, Wolfville (Nova Scotia, Canada), May 4-6, 2011, and the 23rd BCC, Exeter (England, UK), July 3-8, 2011
Diagnosis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia in the West Indies
Creators: name: Yearwood, Ashley K.
name: Rethi, Shruthi
name: Figueroa, Karla P.
name: Walker, Ruth H.
name: Sobering, Andrew K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Social status
Neurology
Friedreich's ataxia
Medicine, Rural
Human chromosome abnormalities--Diagnosis

description: Background: Access to medical care in many regions is limited by socioeconomic status, at both the individual and the community level. This report describes the diagnostic process of a family residing on an underserved Caribbean island where routine neurological care is typically addressed by general practitioners, and genetic diagnosis is not available through regular medical channels. The diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative disorders is especially challenging in this setting.

Case Report: We diagnosed a family with spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) in an underdeveloped nation with limited access to genetic medicine and no full-time neurologist.

Discussion: Molecular diagnosis of the SCAs can be challenging, even in developed countries. In the Caribbean, genetic testing is generally only available at a small number of academic centers. Diagnosis in this family was ultimately made by utilizing an international, pro bono, research-based collaborative process. Although access to appropriate resources, such as speech, physical, and occupational therapies, is limited on this island because of economic and geographical factors, the provision of a diagnosis appeared to be ultimately beneficial for this family. Identification of affected families highlights the need for access to genetic diagnosis in all communities, and can help direct resources where needed.
Quantum Arrival and Dwell Times via Idealised Clocks
Creators: name: Yearsley, J. M.
name: Downs, D. A.
name: Halliwell, J. J.
name: Hashagen, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of approaches to the problem of defining arrival and dwell time probabilities in quantum theory make use of idealised models of clocks. An interesting question is the extent to which the probabilities obtained in this way are related to standard semiclassical results. In this paper we explore this question using a reasonably general clock model, solved using path integral methods. We find that in the weak coupling regime where the energy of the clock is much less than the energy of the particle it is measuring, the probability for the clock pointer can be expressed in terms of the probability current in the case of arrival times, and the dwell time operator in the case of dwell times, the expected semiclassical results. In the regime of strong system-clock coupling, we find that the arrival time probability is proportional to the kinetic energy density, consistent with an earlier model involving a complex potential. We argue that, properly normalized, this may be the generically expected result in this regime. We show that these conclusions are largely independent of the form of the clock Hamiltonian.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures. Published version
A Geometric Derivation of the Anomalous Magnetic Moment of the Electron in the Ω-Model
Creators: name: Brent Jarvis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Physics
subject: Physics
subject: Physics/methods
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Particle physics
subject: Nuclear physics
subject: Atomic physics
subject: Quantum physics
subject: Plasma physics
subject: Theoretical physics
subject: Physics

description: We present a geometric derivation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the electron within the framework of the Ω-model. In this model, time is treated as a complexvariable. Magnetism is derived from the compactified torsional curvature, leading to a vector potential. In the ideal (Dirac) case the electron’s g-factor is 2. However, when the compactified nature of time is taken into account, the torsional frequency acquires a small imaginary correction. We show that this complex correction yields a shift in the effective magnetic moment. A preliminary analysis indicates that the fractional shift is of order ∼ 2 × 10^−3, in good agreement with the experimental value of the electron anomaly. Our derivation is strictly geometric, relying only on the dual-frequency structure and compactified time, and requires no arbitrary scaling parameters.
Suppression of Harmaline Tremor by Activation of an Extrasynaptic GABAA Receptor: Implications for Essential Tremor
Creators: name: Handforth, Adrian
name: Kadam, Pournima A.
name: Kosoyan, Hovsep P.
name: Eslami, Pirooz
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: GABA--Receptors
Tremor
Cerebellum
Neurology

description: Background: Metabolic imaging has revealed excessive cerebellar activity in essential tremor patients. Golgi cells control cerebellar activity by releasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) onto synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors on cerebellar granule cells. We postulated that the extrasynaptic GABAA receptor-specific agonist THIP (gaboxadol; 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol) would suppress tremor in the harmaline model of essential tremor and, since cerebellar extrasynaptic receptors contain α6 and δsubunits, would fail to do so in mice lacking either subunit.

Methods: Digitally measured motion power, expressed as 10–16 Hz power (the tremor bandwidth) divided by background 8–32 Hz motion power, was accessed during pre-harmaline baseline, pre-THIP harmaline exposure, and after THIP administration (0, 2, or 3 mg/kg). These low doses were chosen as they did not impair performance on the straight wire test, a sensitive test for psychomotor impairment. Littermate δ wild-type and knockout (Gabrd+/+, Gabrd–/–) and littermate α6 wild-type and knockout (Gabra6+/+, Gabra6–/–) mice were tested.

Results: Gabrd+/+ mice displayed tremor reduction at 3 mg/kg THIP but not 2 mg/kg, and Gabra6+/+ mice showed tremor reduction at 2 and 3 mg/kg. Their respective subunit knockout littermates displayed no tremor reduction compared with vehicle controls at either dose.

Discussion: The loss of anti-tremor efficacy with deletion of either δ or α6 GABAA receptor subunits indicates that extrasynaptic receptors containing both subunits, most likely located on cerebellar granule cells where they are highly expressed, mediate tremor suppression by THIP. A medication designed to activate only these receptors may display a favorable profile for treating essential tremor.
ROUNDWATER DEFLUORIDATION WITH ELECTROCOAGULATION AND ELECTRODIALYSIS TECHNIQUES
Creators: name: Fan, Qianyu
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified
Water treatment processes

description: Fluoride has been detected in groundwater in many places throughout the world and its concentration is often higher than the WHO standard of 1.5 mg/L. Too much fluoride can cause teeth and skeletal issues in the body and inhibit local economic growth. Fluoride concentration in the local groundwater in the Rajasthan region of India is above 5 mg/L and poses significant health risks to local people. Electrocoagulation and electrodialysis have been used for fluoride removal but information on their application for cost-effective removal of fluoride in groundwater is still limited. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate cost-effective defluoridation systems to remove fluoride from 5 mg/L to below 1 mg/L in the groundwater. Multiple electrocoagulation reactors were fabricated with an aluminum anode and copper/steel cathode. Fluoride concentrations decreased from 5 mg/L to below 1 mg/L within 2 hours of electrocoagulation under an applied potential of 8 V. Under a lower applied potential of 5 V, fluoride concentration was reduced to below 1 mg/L after 6 hours 30 minutes and further reduced to 0.191 mg/L after 9 hours 30 minutes. Our results showed that higher voltage led to higher removal efficiency at a cost of higher energy consumption. The results showed that aluminum alloy used as the anode released impurities into the water during electrocoagulation and could affect fluoride removal efficiency. In addition, synthesized groundwater with different hardness levels was prepared to simulate water quality in the groundwater in the Rajasthan region of India. The results showed that high hardness inhibited fluoride removal efficiency. An electrodialysis reactor was tested as well on the removal performance of anions, including fluoride and chloride. Fluoride concentration after one hour of electrodialysis did not decrease below 1 mg/L but showed a promising trend for effective fluoride removal. However, cation permeable membrane and anion permeable membrane are relatively expensive and could affect the overall cost-effectiveness of fluoride removal with electrodialysis. These results showed that both electrocoagulation and electrodialysis were effective in removing fluoride from groundwater. Their long-term performance and overall cost-effectiveness need further investigation.
Photo-induced spin filtering in a double quantum dot
Creators: name: Waetzel, J.
name: Moskalenko, A. S.
name: Berakdar, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spin-resolved electron dynamics in a double quantum dot driven by ultrafast asymmetric electromagnetic pulses. Using a analytical model we show that applying an appropriate pulse sequence allows to control coherently the spin degree of freedom on the femtosecond time scale. It can be achieved that the spin-up state is localized in a selected quantum dot while the spin-down state remains in the other dot. We show that this photo-induced spin-dependent separation can be maintained for a desired period of time.
description: shortened, revised version 2 article published at Appl. Phys. Lett
Warped compactification on curved manifolds
Creators: name: Neupane, Ishwaree P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The characterization of a six- (or seven)-dimensional internal manifold with metric as having positive, zero or negative curvature is expected to be an important aspect of warped compactifications in supergravity. In this context, Douglas and Kallosh recently pointed out that a compact internal space with negative curvature could help to construct four-dimensional de Sitter solutions only if the extra dimensions are strongly warped or there are large stringy corrections. That is, the problem of finding 4-dimensional de Sitter solutions is well posed, if all extra dimensions are physically compact, which is called a no-go theorem. Here, we show that the above conclusion does not extend to a general class of warped compactifications in classical supergravity that allow a non-compact direction or cosmological solutions for which the internal space is asymptotic to a cone over a product of compact Einstein spaces or spheres. For clarity, we present classical solutions that compactify higher-dimensional spacetime to produce a Robertson--Walker universe with de Sitter-type expansion plus one extra non-compact direction. Such models are found to admit both an effective four-dimensional Newton constant that remains finite and a normalizable zero-mode graviton wavefunction. We also exhibit the possibility of obtaining 4D de Sitter solutions by including the effect of fluxes (p-form field strengths).
description: 24 pages, 1 figure; v5 significant changes in the presentation, published (journal) version
Magnetic neutron star equilibria with stratification and type-II superconductivity
Creators: name: Lander, S. K.
name: Andersson, N.
name: Glampedakis, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two-fluid equilibrium configurations for neutron stars with magnetic fields, using a self-consistent and nonlinear numerical approach. The two-fluid approach - likely to be valid for large regions of all but the youngest NSs - provides us with a straightforward way to introduce stratification and allows for more realistic models than the ubiquitous barotropic assumption. In all our models the neutrons are modelled as a superfluid, whilst for the protons we consider two cases: one where they are a normal fluid and another where they form a type-II superconductor. We consider a variety of field configurations in the normal-proton case and purely toroidal fields in the superconducting case. We find that stratification allows for a stronger toroidal component in mixed-field configurations, though the poloidal component remains the largest in all our models. We provide quantitative results for magnetic ellipticities of NSs, both in the normal- and superconducting-proton cases.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures; some minor changes to match published version
Holmes Tremor Partially Responsive to Topiramate: A Case Report
Creators: name: Gonzalez Rojas, Natalia
name: Cesarini, Martin
name: Etcheverry, Jose Luis
name: Da Prat, Gustavo
name: Viera Aramburu, Tomas
name: Gatto, Emilia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Tremor
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Topiramate
subject: Movement disorders--Treatment

description: Background: Holmes tremor is a rare symptomatic movement disorder, characterized by a combination of resting, postural, and intention tremor. It is usually caused by lesions in the brainstem, thalamus, and cerebellum. Despite pharmacological advances, its treatment remains a challenge; many medications have been used with various degrees of effectiveness. Stereotactic thalamotomy and deep brain stimulation in the ventralis intermedius nucleus have been effective surgical procedures in cases refractory to medical treatment.

Case Report: Here we report a young woman with topiramate-responsive Holmes tremor secondary to a brainstem cavernoma.

Discussion: Herein we report a Holmes tremor responsive to Topiramate.
Tight bounds for classical and quantum coin flipping
Creators: name: Hänggi, Esther
name: Wullschleger, Jürg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coin flipping is a cryptographic primitive for which strictly better protocols exist if the players are not only allowed to exchange classical, but also quantum messages. During the past few years, several results have appeared which give a tight bound on the range of implementable unconditionally secure coin flips, both in the classical as well as in the quantum setting and for both weak as well as strong coin flipping. But the picture is still incomplete: in the quantum setting, all results consider only protocols with perfect correctness, and in the classical setting tight bounds for strong coin flipping are still missing. We give a general definition of coin flipping which unifies the notion of strong and weak coin flipping (it contains both of them as special cases) and allows the honest players to abort with a certain probability. We give tight bounds on the achievable range of parameters both in the classical and in the quantum setting.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures; v2: published version
Grounds for permanent war : land appropriation, exceptional powers, and the mid-century militarization of western North American environments
Creators: name: Davis, Brandon C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Few areas across globe have escaped the pressures of militarization. Despite the many significant developments and repercussions tied to the military control of vast areas of national territories, the complex intersections between militarization and the environment have only recently attracted scholarly attention. This dissertation argues that the contemporary condition of global permanent war and ongoing state of emergency are rooted in the military control of land and other natural resources. During the mid-twentieth century buildup of North American defense forces, the practice of military land appropriation not only legitimized and expanded certain types of unilateral, emergency powers but also produced secret and legally permissive spaces in which the exercise of such extraordinary powers and related military land use practices could be more freely conducted. A major impetus driving these mid-century land use developments was the rise of unconventional weapons of mass destruction. Not only did such weapons technologies destabilize the global political order but they also brought about a multitude of disruptions at local sites. By investigating the establishment and operations of two of the world’s largest, most secretive, and longest-lasting chemical and biological weapons proving grounds—the U.S. Army’s Dugway Proving Ground in western Utah and the Canadian-and U.K.-controlled Suffield Experimental Station in southeastern Alberta—this study reveals how the imperatives of permanent war have had critical influence in shaping the workings of power between local citizens, government, and the environment in western North America. At its core, this dissertation pushes back against the various assumptions and prerogatives driving the establishment of a permanent military presence in the North American West. All four chapters examine how varying elements of exceptional, emergency executive and administrative powers have shaped military land claims and practices of military land use. The study uncovers and demystifies the procedures, policies, and practices governing the establishment, operational activities, and ongoing control of North American defense lands. It provides a critical examination of the legal, material, and figurative grounds of our continuing and permanent global state of war.
Bounce-free spherical hydrodynamic implosion
Creators: name: Kagan, Grigory
name: Tang, Xian-Zhu
name: Hsu, Scott C.
name: Awe, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a bounce-free spherical hydrodynamic implosion, the post-stagnation hot core plasma does not expand against the imploding flow. Such an implosion scheme has the advantage of improving the dwell time of the burning fuel, resulting in a higher fusion burn-up fraction. The existence of bounce-free spherical implosions is demonstrated by explicitly constructing a family of self-similar solutions to the spherically symmetric ideal hydrodynamic equations. When applied to a specific example of plasma liner driven magneto-inertial fusion, the bounce-free solution is found to produce at least a factor of four improvement in dwell time and fusion energy gain.
description: accepted by Phys. Plasmas (Nov. 7, 2011); for Ref. 11, please see ftp://ftp.lanl.gov/public/kagan/liner_evolution.gif
A Bichromatic Incidence Bound and an Application
Creators: name: Lund, Ben D.
name: Purdy, George B.
name: Smith, Justin W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 51D20

description: We prove a new, tight upper bound on the number of incidences between points and hyperplanes in Euclidean d-space. Given n points, of which k are colored red, there are O_d(m^{2/3}k^{2/3}n^{(d-2)/3} + kn^{d-2} + m) incidences between the k red points and m hyperplanes spanned by all n points provided that m = Ω(n^{d-2}). For the monochromatic case k = n, this was proved by Agarwal and Aronov. We use this incidence bound to prove that a set of n points, no more than n-k of which lie on any plane or two lines, spans Ω(nk^2) planes. We also provide an infinite family of counterexamples to a conjecture of Purdy's on the number of hyperplanes spanned by a set of points in dimensions higher than 3, and present new conjectures not subject to the counterexample.
description: 12 pages
Deep Brain Stimulation Management of Essential Tremor with Dystonic Features
Creators: name: Patel, Amar S.
name: Deeb, Wissam
name: Okun, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Tremor
Dystonia
Brain stimulation
Neurology

description: Clinical Vignette: A 64-year-old female with essential tremor (ET) presents for evaluation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) candidacy. Examination revealed subtle dystonic features as well as a disabling postural-action tremor.

Clinical Dilemma: Can dystonia occur in the setting of the diagnosis of ET and can its presence alter DBS target selection?

Clinical Solution: Unilateral DBS implantation of the ventralis intermedius (Vim) led to improvement in both tremor and dystonic posturing.

Gap in Knowledge: Case reports of DBS in dystonic tremor suggest Vim, globus pallidus internus (GPi), and subthalamic targets may all be effective, to varying degrees, in improving both tremor and dystonia. More rigorous studies are needed to identify the optimal target(s).

Expert Commentary: This case underscores the limited evidence available to guide a clinician’s choice of DBS targets in patients with ET and dystonia. The severity of the dystonia and the presence of more generalized dystonia may alter the thinking about optimal targeting. Vim, GPi, and subthalamic targets appear potentially acceptable options, though Vim is usually the first target attempted when postural-action tremor is the chief complaint. Occasionally, a second rescue DBS lead may be necessary.
Velocity and Magnetic Transients Driven by the X2.2 White-Light Flare of 2011 February 15 in NOAA 11158
Creators: name: Maurya, R. A.
name: Vemareddy, P.
name: Ambastha, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first X-class flare of the current solar cycle 24 occurred in Active Region NOAA 11158 during its central meridian passage on 2011 February 15. This two ribbon white-light flare was well observed by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). During the peak phase of the flare, we detected magnetic and Doppler velocity transients appearing near the umbral boundary of the main sunspot. These transients persisted for a few minutes and showed spatial and temporal correspondence with the flare kernels. The observed magnetic polarity at the transients' locations underwent sign reversal, together with large enhancement in Doppler velocities. We explain this observational phenomena using the HMI spectral data obtained before, during and after the flare. These changes were reflected in the maps of the AR in all the Stokes parameters. Association of the transient features with various signatures of the flare and the cause and effects of their appearance are also presented on the basis of present theoretical models.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures, in press (Astrophysical Journal)
Integrated Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of primordial non-Gaussianity (f_NL) in the recent CMB data
Creators: name: Kim, Jaiseung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have made a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis of primordial non-Gaussianity (f_NL) using the WMAP bispectrum and power spectrum. In our analysis, we have simultaneously constrained f_NL and cosmological parameters so that the uncertainties of cosmological parameters can properly propagate to the f_NL estimation. Investigating the parameter likelihoods deduced from MCMC samples, we find slight deviation from Gaussian shape, which makes a Fisher matrix estimation less accurate. Therefore, we have estimated the confidence interval of f_NL by exploring the parameter likelihood without using the Fisher matrix. We find that the best-fit values of our analysis make a good agreement with other results, but the confidence interval is slightly different.
description: v3: mean likelihoods added, v4: 2D likelihood added, typos corrected, v5: the point sharpened
Stopping of functionals with discontinuity at the boundary of an open set
Creators: name: Palczewski, Jan
name: Stettner, Lukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93E20, 60J25

description: We explore properties of the value function and existence of optimal stopping times for functionals with discontinuities related to the boundary of an open (possibly unbounded) set $\mathcal{O}$. The stopping horizon is either random, equal to the first exit from the set $\mathcal{O}$, or fixed: finite or infinite. The payoff function is continuous with a possible jump at the boundary of $\mathcal{O}$. Using a generalization of the penalty method we derive a numerical algorithm for approximation of the value function for general Feller-Markov processes and show existence of optimal or $ε$-optimal stopping times.
On Lie Algebroids and Poisson Algebras
Creators: name: García-Beltrán, Dennise
name: Vallejo, José A.
name: Vorobjev, Yurii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D17, 17B63

description: We introduce and study a class of Lie algebroids associated to faithful modules which is motivated by the notion of cotangent Lie algebroids of Poisson manifolds. We also give a classification of transitive Lie algebroids and describe Poisson algebras by using the notions of algebroid and Lie connections.
Large Scale Structure Forecast Constraints on Particle Production During Inflation
Creators: name: Chantavat, Teeraparb
name: Gordon, Christopher
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bursts of particle production during inflation provide a well-motivated mechanism for creating bump like features in the primordial power spectrum. Current data constrains these features to be less than about 5% the size of the featureless primordial power spectrum at wavenumbers of about 0.1 h Mpc^{-1}. We forecast that the Planck cosmic microwave background experiment will be able to strengthen this constraint to the 0.5% level. We also predict that adding data from a square kilometer array (SKA) galaxy redshift survey would improve the constraint to about the 0.1% level. For features at larger wave-numbers, Planck will be limited by Silk damping and foregrounds. While, SKA will be limited by non-linear effects. We forecast for a Cosmic Inflation Probe (CIP) galaxy redshift survey, similar constraints can be achieved up to about a wavenumber of 1 h Mpc^{-1}.
description: 10 pages. Matches PRD accepted version
Altered reward processing following an acute social stressor in adolescents
Creators: name: Lincoln, Sarah Hope
name: Pisoni, Angela
name: Bondy, Erin
name: Kumar, Poornima
name: Singleton, Paris
name: Hajcak, Greg
name: Pizzagalli, Diego A.
name: Auerbach, Randy P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Stress in adolescence
Reward (Psychology) in children
Neural transmission

description: Altered reward processing is a transdiagnostic factor implicated in a wide range of psychiatric disorders. While prior animal and adult research has shown that stress contributes to reward dysfunction, less is known about how stress impacts reward processing in youth. Towards addressing this gap, the present study probed neural activation associated with reward processing following an acute stressor. Healthy adolescents (n = 40) completed a clinical assessment, and fMRI data were acquired while participants completed a monetary guessing task under a no-stress condition and then under a stress condition. Based on prior literature, analyses focused on a priori defined regions-of-interest, specifically the striatum (win trials) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [dACC] and insula (loss trials). Two main findings emerged. First, reward-related neural activation (i.e., striatum) was blunted in the stress relative to the no-stress condition. Second, the stress condition also contributed to blunted neural response following reward in loss-related regions (i.e., dACC, anterior insula); however, there were no changes in loss sensitivity. These results highlight the importance of conceptualizing neural vulnerability within the presence of stress, as this may clarify risk for mental disorders during a critical period of development.
New near-IR observations of mesospheric CO2 and H2O clouds on Mars
Creators: name: Vincendon, Mathieu
name: Pilorget, Cedric
name: Gondet, Brigitte
name: Murchie, Scott
name: Bibring, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon dioxide clouds, which are speculated by models on solar and extra-solar planets, have been recently observed near the equator of Mars. The most comprehensive identification of Martian CO2 ice clouds has been obtained by the near-IR imaging spectrometer OMEGA. CRISM, a similar instrument with a higher spatial resolution, cannot detect these clouds with the same method due to its shorter wavelength range. Here we present a new method to detect CO2 clouds using near-IR data based on the comparison of H2O and CO2 ice spectral properties. The spatial and seasonal distributions of 54 CRISM observations containing CO2 clouds are reported, in addition to 17 new OMEGA observations. CRISM CO2 clouds are characterized by grain size in the 0.5-2\mum range and optical depths lower than 0.3. The distributions of CO2 clouds inferred from OMEGA and CRISM are consistent with each other and match at first order the distribution of high altitude (>60km) clouds derived from previous studies. At second order, discrepancies are observed. We report the identification of H2O clouds extending up to 80 km altitude, which could explain part of these discrepancies: both CO2 and H2O clouds can exist at high, mesospheric altitudes. CRISM observations of afternoon CO2 clouds display morphologies resembling terrestrial cirrus, which generalizes a previous result to the whole equatorial clouds season. Finally, we show that morning OMEGA observations have been previously misinterpreted as evidence for cumuliform, and hence potentially convective, CO2 clouds.
description: Vincendon, M., C. Pilorget, B. Gondet, S. Murchie, and J.-P. Bibring (2011), New near-IR observations of mesospheric CO2 and H2O clouds on Mars, J. Geophys. Res., 116, E00J02
Experiencia de la Universidad de la Frontera para el fomento de la investigación formativa
Creators: name: Ibarra Palma, Pamela
name: Navarrete González, Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Investigación formativa
subject: Formación en investigación
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept9331
subject: http://vocabularies.unesco.org/thesaurus/concept14127

description: Presentación realizada en el Seminario Iberoamericano de Investigación Formativa: el rol pedagógico de la investigación científica y tecnológica. 27 de julio de 2021.
Rockin’ Yourself Asleep
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Femke
name: Viaene, Mineke
name: Beijer, Inge
name: De Cauwer, Harald
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neurology
Sleep disorders
Movement disorders
Head banging
Polysomnography

description: Background: Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder occurs frequently in childhood with a minority of patients having persistent symptoms in adolescence.

Phenomenology Shown: We describe a 14-year-old female showing a typical example of head banging at onset of sleep.

Educational Value: Sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder usually has a benign and self-limiting nature and medication might only be warranted in cases of severe sleep disruption or frequent injuries.
A complete NLO calculation of the $J/ψ$ and $ψ'$ production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Ma, Yan-Qing
name: Wang, Kai
name: Chao, Kuang-Ta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation in $α_s$ for the $\jpsi$ and $\psip$ prompt production at the Tevatron, LHC, and RHIC in nonrelativistic QCD is presented. We argue that the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) color-singlet contribution may not be so important as to resolve the large discrepancy between theory and experiment in $\jpsi$ large $p_T$ production cross sections. Therefore, a complete NLO calculation, including both color-singlet and color-octet contribution, is necessary and essential to give a good description for $\jpsi$ and $\psip$ production. We also study the methods to fit the long-distance matrix elements using either two linear combined matrix elements or three matrix elements, and find these two methods can give consistent results. Compared with the measurements at the LHC and RHIC for prompt $\jpsi$ and $\psip$ production, our predictions are found to agree with all data. In particular, the recently released large $p_T$ data (up to 60-70 GeV) at the LHC are in good agreement with our predictions. Our results imply that the universality of color-octet matrix elements holds approximately in charmonium hadroproduction, when one uses fixed order perturbative calculation to describe data (the data in small $p_T$ region are not included). Our work may provide a new test for the universality of color-octet matrix elements, and the color-octet mechanism in general.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, title changed, contents substantially expanded, comparison with recent data at the LHC and RHIC made
Identical temperature dependence of the time scales of several linear-response functions of two glass-forming liquids
Creators: name: Jakobsen, Bo
name: Hecksher, Tina
name: Niss, Kristine
name: Christensen, Tage
name: Olsen, Niels Boye
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency-dependent dielectric constant, shear and adiabatic bulk moduli, longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient, and longitudinal specific heat have been measured for two van der Waals glass-forming liquids, tetramethyl-tetraphenyl-trisiloxane (DC704) and 5-polyphenyl-4-ether. Within the experimental uncertainties the loss-peak frequencies of the measured response functions have identical temperature dependence over a range of temperatures, for which the Maxwell relaxation time varies more than nine orders of magnitude. The time scales are ordered from fastest to slowest as follows: Shear modulus, adiabatic bulk modulus, dielectric constant, longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient, longitudinal specific heat. The ordering is discussed in light of the recent conjecture that van der Waals liquids are strongly correlating, i.e., approximate single-parameter liquids.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, Substantially revised version
Mechanics and dynamics of orbital drilling operations
Creators: name: Ozturk, Onur Mert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Opening large number of holes takes considerable amount of time during manufacturing and assembly of aircrafts. Traditionally, tools having the same diameter of each hole have been used in drilling which take considerable amount of time for tool change and fixturing. Recently, orbital drilling technology has been introduced to open holes with a single set-up. The combined orbital motion around the hole and helical penetration in axial direction are either given by stationary computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines or hand held, portable heads that are attached to aircraft body with suction pads. Although the tool path and machine were developed, the process mechanics and dynamics have not been modeled to predict cutting forces, torque, power and chatter stability diagrams to identify most productive and safe cutting conditions. This thesis presents mathematical model to simulate the mechanics and dynamics of orbital drilling process. The mechanics of the process are modeled by identifying the chip thickness distribution along the peripheral and bottom cutting edges of the helical end mills used in orbital drilling, The pitch length of the path, tool and hole diameters, spindle speed, feed and material properties are used in the model which is experimentally proven by comparing predicted and measured cutting forces. The flexibilities of the orbital drilling head and tool are incorporated to the mechanics model to predict the dynamics of the system. It is shown that the additional delay contributed by orbital motion of the tool can be neglected, and the regenerative delay is dominated by the spindle speed. However, structural dynamic modes of the system need to be oriented along the tangential feed direction since it varies continuously along the orbital path. The chatter stability of the system has been developed in both frequency and semi-discrete time domains. The experimentally verified stability model considers spindle speed, tool and hole geometries, structural dynamics, material properties and orbital drilling pitch length. The proposed orbital drilling model allows optimal selection of spindle speed, feed, orbital speed, pitch length and tool diameter for a given work material without overloading the machine and chatter while achieving highest possible material removal rates.
Long-time dynamics for the energy-critical harmonic map heat flow and nonlinear heat equation
Creators: name: Roxanas, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: The main focus of this thesis is on critical parabolic problems, in particular, the harmonic map heat from the plane to S2, and nonlinear focusing heat equations with an algebraic nonlinearity. The focus of this work has been on long-time dynamics, stability and singularity formation, and the investigation of the role of special, soliton-like, solutions to the asymptotic behaviour of solutions. Harmonic Map Heat Flow: Flow: we consider m-corotational solutions to the harmonic map heat flow from R2 to S2. We first work in a class of maps with trivial topology and energy of the initial data below two times the energy of the stationary harmonic map solutions. We give a new proof of global existence and decay. The proof is based on the "concentration-compactness plus rigidity" approach of Kenig and Merle and relies on the dissipation of the energy and a profile decomposition. We also treat m-corotational maps (m greater than 3) with non-trivial topology and energy of the initial data less than three times the energy of the stationary harmonic map solutions. Through a new stability argument we rule out finite-time blow-up and show that the global solution asymptotically converges to a harmonic map. Nonlinear Heat Equation: we also study solutions of the focusing energy-critical nonlinear heat equation. We show that solutions emanating from initial data with energy and kinetic energy below those of the stationary solutions are global and decay to zero. To prove that global solutions dissipate to zero we rely on a refined small data theory, L2-dissipation and an approximation argument. We then follow the "concentration-compactness plus rigidity" roadmap of Kenig and Merle (and in particular the approach taken by Kenig and Koch for Navier-Stokes) to exclude finite-time blow-up.