cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical resonance sensors based on whispering-gallery-mode technique
Creators: name: Panich, Sirirat
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In recent years, the whispering gallery mode (WGM) technique has received considerable attention as a novel and extremely sensitive technique for use in sensors. The technique is able to detect target molecules at very low levels and in real time, a capability which cannot be matched by any other detection technique currently in use. With this potential rarely found in common sensors, WGM is becoming one of the most widely used. The WGM set-up is simple and inexpensive. Light generated by a tunable laser, circumnavigates the surface of a resonator through a tapered waveguide. This light is strongly confined inside the microresonator by total internal reflection (TIR). Energy is extracted from the fibre, resulting in a negative peak. The surface of the resonator needs to be functionalised for reacting with the target molecule. If a chemical or biological analyte is to be bound on the surface of the resonator, the negative peak must be shifted. This shift can be used for measuring the amount of the analyte. In view of its exciting potential, it is not surprising that WGM is establishing itself as the detection method of choice, especially in chemical and biomedical applications. The work reported in this thesis is in two sections. In the first part, the use of the WGM technique integrated self-assembled glutathione (GSH) modified gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on an optical microsphere resonator in an ultrasensitive chemical detection assay for Pb(II) (down to 10 ppt or 0.05 nM) is described. This satisfies the demanding sensitivity required for monitoring the maximum Pb(II) exposure limits set by both International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The second section presents an example of the use of WGM in a biosensor to study the interactions between small molecules and G-quadruplex DNA which is well known to be active targets for anticancer treatments. Currently methods typically used to study such systems have proven to be valuable; however, they have limitations, such as low sensitivity, time-consuming monitoring and lack of real time analysis. To circumvent these problems, a novel platform based around WGM is developed. The sensor offers a real time, fast and sensitive analysis. In addition, kinetic data such as dissociation equilibrium constant (KD ) as well as association and dissociation constant (kon and koff , respectively) can be easily obtained.
Impacts of climate change on ecosystem functioning: linking aboveground and belowground responses
Creators: name: Pierce, Sarah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Climate change is expected to include changes to rainfall patterns. For southern England, this is likely to include decreased summer and increased winter rainfall patterns by the end of the 21st century. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of altered precipitation patterns on ecosystem properties both above- and below-ground using a grassland experimental system in southeast England. The DIRECT experiments were established in 2008 and continued through 2013. This included three experiments assessing the effects of rainfall change on ecosystem functioning. The first crossed a summer rainfall reduction/winter rainfall increase scenario with plant functional trait diversity. The second considered the effects of two more extreme rainfall change scenarios, one an extended drought and one a shorter, more severe drought with occasional downpours. The third crossed rainfall change with increased nitrogen deposition in line with current levels experienced in parts of Europe. By concurrently measuring a broad range of above- and below-ground properties during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons, I assessed the effects of changes in annual precipitation patterns. Drought during the growing season was linked to increased grass dominance and reduced ecosystem respiration, photosynthesis, and net ecosystem exchange, despite increases in winter precipitation. Effects on ecosystem functioning were most severe under extreme drought scenarios. Plant functional trait identity and diversity influenced response to drought, with increased diversity linked to higher plant cover in drought conditions. Increased nitrogen appeared to magnify the effects of drought on plant cover, while moderating the effects on CO2 flux. These results suggests that the levels of precipitation change predicted for England will negatively affect biodiversity and carbon cycling in grasslands, but factors such as trait diversity and nutrient inputs must be taken into account to understand the range of possible outcomes for ecosystem functioning.
Two infinite families of resonant solutions for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Creators: name: Biasi, Anxo
name: Bizon, Piotr
name: Craps, Ben
name: Evnin, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation describing a Bose-Einstein condensate in an isotropic harmonic trap. In the small coupling regime, this equation is accurately approximated over long times by the corresponding nonlinear resonant system whose structure is determined by the fully resonant spectrum of the linearized problem. We focus on two types of consistent truncations of this resonant system: first, to sets of modes of fixed angular momentum, and second, to excited Landau levels. Each of these truncations admits a set of explicit analytic solutions with initial conditions parametrized by three complex numbers. Viewed in position space, the fixed angular momentum solutions describe modulated oscillations of dark rings, while the excited Landau level solutions describe modulated precession of small arrays of vortices and antivortices. We place our findings in the context of similar results for other spatially confined nonlinear Hamiltonian systems in recent literature.
description: v2: published version (commentary added)
The effect of bisphosphonates on bone microstructure and strength
Creators: name: Jin, Andi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Osteoporosis (OP) is a common disease, especially among postmenopausal women. OP is regarded as the main cause of fragility fractures. Bisphosphonate (BP) medications, approved by the FDA in 1995, have been adopted as the most common and frontline treatment to OP. The most obvious positive effect of BP is their ability to improve bone mineral density (BMD). However, lots of concerns have been raised after BP medications coming into market for about ten years. A new type of hip fractures (atypical fractures) has been reported and linked with long-term BP treatment. It is still debatable on the effect of BP on bone health. Previous studies have evaluated BP’s effect either by measuring BMD quantitatively or following up fracture cases. There are very limit studies from an engineering background investigating BP’s effect on bone strength and microstructure, especially on those bones sustaining fractures despite BP treatment. The femoral heads from trauma patients’ hip replacement operations were collected and worked as a BP study group (10 femoral heads) and fracture control group (13 femoral heads) depending on whether or not the patient had been treated with BP before fractures. Cadaver samples were collected from an elderly control group (5 femoral heads). Five cylindrical sub-samples were cored from the same location of each femoral head. All the five cylinder sub-samples were micro-CT scanned for microstructure measurements. Two of the five cylinder sub-samples were selected randomly and compressively mechanically tested for apparent strength. Another two sub-samples were further synchrotron radiation scanned for a sub-micro features study, especially focusing on the trabecular microcracks and fully broken trabeculae. The apparent strength for BP treated samples is 29% and 48% lower than that of non-treated fracture controls and elderly controls, respectively. The density and microstructure parameters for the BP study group are slightly higher than or at a similar level as those of non-treated fracture controls. However, there are 24% and 55% more microcracks existing in BP treated samples than that of non-treated fracture controls and elderly controls, respectively. There are a sub-group of patients with whom BP treatment does not work very well, as they still fractured even with BP treatment for years. The bone mass density and trabecular microstructure may not be the cause of lower apparent strength. Microcracks and fully broken trabeculae can partly explain the lower strength, but further studies at the sub-micro and fibrillar levels are highly suggested.
Analysis of host gene regulation by Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 3B (EBNA3B)
Creators: name: Ho, Guiyi
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: EBNA3A and EBNA3C are oncoproteins that are essential for EBV-driven transformation of B-cells, whereas in vivo studies have demonstrated that EBNA3B has tumour suppressive properties. Previous exon-microarray studies performed by our group have identified a subset of cellular genes that may be regulated by EBNA3B. In order to investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms of EBNA3B, I established a Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible EBNA3B system by transfecting EBNA3B-null (3BKO) lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) with a pRTS vector expressing EBNA3B with Dox treatment. Using this system I tested 43 predicted EBNA3B-regulated genes using Taqman Low Density Array cards and confirmed that EBNA3B rapidly and robustly represses 7 genes, and induces 1 gene. I have additionally established LCLs expressing epitope (FLAG-Strep-Strep)-tagged EBNA3B and used these for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation linked to high throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). ChIP-seq analyses uncovered 1931 EBNA3B peaks and revealed that EBNA3B localises distal to its predicted target genes, in enhancer regions that are positive for active histone marks (H3K4me1 ± H3K27Ac). EBNA3B frequently overlaps with EBNA3C, but EBNA3B-only binding sites are found within currently uncharacterised genomic regions. EBNA3B binds within the same looped chromatin domain as TERT and TNFSF10 genes, and qPCR analyses revealed that induction of EBNA3B using the Dox-inducible system robustly alters the expression of these genes. Focussed analyses revealed that EBNA3B binds to a putative enhancer 17kb upstream of the TERT promoter and strongly represses the expression of TERT, a gene encoding the catalytic subunit of the telomere-lengthening telomerase complex. EBNA3B mediates gene repression by facilitating the removal of active histone marks (H3K27Ac, H3K9Ac and H3K4me3) from the TERT promoter and EBNA3B-bound region and by recruiting Polycomb Repressive Complex to deposit repressive H3K27me3 at the TERT promoter. However, deletion of EBNA3B does not have an obvious effect on stabilising telomere lengths during the first 120 days of B-cell outgrowth.
Match Probability Statistics and Gamma Ray Burst Recurrences in the BATSE Catalog
Creators: name: Rhie, Sun Hong
name: Bennett, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop match probability statistics to test the recurrences of gamma ray bursts in the BATSE catalog 1B and 2B. We do not find a signal of repetitions at the match level of 1.e-3.
description: 4 pages, LaTeX, two macros included (kluwer.sty, spacekap.sty) To appear in the proceedings of the Eslab29 symposium, ``gamma ray bursts: toward the source"
Charge injection and transport in organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Logan, Stephen Michael
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: In this thesis I present a comprehensive study of charge transport and injection into organic semiconductors from solution processed metal oxide contacts. Charge transport is investigated using Time of Flight (TOF) transient spectroscopy to measure the mobility in fluorene-bridged triarylamine and polyfluorene copolymers. Dark Injection (DI) transient spectroscopy is used to measure bulk hole mobility in the polymer (poly)triarylamine (PTAA). Temperature dependent mobility experiments are conducted to calculate energetic and positional disorder in PTAA by application of the Gaussian Disorder Model. Solution processed metal oxides are investigated as hole and electron injecting contacts using current density-voltage space charge limited analysis (JV-SCLC) in tandem with the transport measurements. This approach allows the injection efficiency of several metal oxide contacts (including chlorinated-ITO, vanadium pentoxide and caesium carbonate) to be quantified and comparative studies to be conducted. The work is then extended to study the resultant performance of these contacts in Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) with a view to better understanding the roles of transport and injection in optoelectronic devices. A novel solution processed metal oxide based Electron Injection Layer (EIL) is presented as a viable alternative to conventional evaporated contacts such as calcium in OLED devices with enhanced performance observed in both conventional and inverted architectures. Building on this work I report on the development of a transient method of charge mobility measurement for organic semiconductors in thin film transistor devices. I present Dark injection Thin Film Transistor spectroscopy (DI-TFT) as a significant new technique for understanding injection and transport effects in TFT’s. This technique is successfully applied to charge transport measurements in triarylamine and polyfluorene copolymers as well as a novel truxenone small molecule organic semiconductor.
Dynamical structure factors in the nematic phase of frustrated ferromagnetic spin chains
Creators: name: Ramos, Flávia B.
name: Eliëns, Sebas
name: Pereira, Rodrigo G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Frustrated spin systems can show phases with spontaneous breaking of spin-rotational symmetry without the formation of local magnetic order. We study the dynamic response of the spin-nematic phase of one-dimensional spin-1/2 systems, characterized by slow large-distance decay of quadrupolar correlations, by numerically computing one-spin and two-spin dynamical structure factors at zero temperature using time-dependent density matrix renormalization group methods. We interpret the results in terms of an effective theory of gapped magnon excitations interacting with a quasi-condensate of bound magnon pairs. This employs an extension of the well-known Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory which includes the magnon states as a mobile impurity. A good qualitative understanding of the characteristic thresholds and their intensity in the structure factors is obtained this way. Our results are useful in the interpretation of inelastic neutron scattering and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering experiments.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
Carex ruthsatziae G. A. Wheeler, Darwiniana
Creators: name: Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro
name: Alegría-Olivera, J. José
name: Beltrán, Hamilton W.
name: Cano, Asunción
name: Granda-Paucar, Arturo
name: Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S.
name: Riva-Regalado, Sebastián
name: Ruthsatz, Barbara
name: Escudero, Marcial
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Cyperaceae
Carex
Carex ruthsatziae

description: Carex ruthsatziae G.A.Wheeler, Darwiniana 40: 191. 2002. [“ruthsatzae ”]
Holotype: BOLIVIA, Dpto. Oruro, Prov. Sajama, Payachatas, 4420 m, 27 Jan 1999, B. Ruthsatz & S. Budde 10216 (MIN not seen; isotype: LPB barcode 0000244 digital image!).
Iconography: Wheeler (2002b: 194, fig. 2 A, Bf, C).
Material studied. PERU. Pasco: Pasco, along the road between Carhuamayo and Cerro de Pasco, 4100 m, W. Morawetz & B. Wallnöfer 44-16985 (USM).
Notes: Third species of section Abditispicae reported for Peru, after C. collumanthus (Steyerm.) G.A. Wheeler (Wheeler 2002b) and C. humahuacaensis G.A. Wheeler (Salvador et al. 2009). Carex section Abditispicae comprises dwarf sedges growing at high altitudes in the Andes or Southern Patagonia. Its complex taxonomy strongly difficults the identification of the individuals. The occurrence of C. ruthsatziae in Peru is not surprising since it was known from a Bolivian locality pretty close to the Peruvian border.
Carex ruthsatziae closely resembles C. humahuacaensis, from which it can easily be distinguished by its glumes (dark reddish-brown, obtuse to acute glumes in C. ruthsatziae vs. orange to stramineous with acuminate tips in C. humahuacaensis) and its narrower leaves (up to 1.5 mm in C. ruthsatziae vs. 1.2-3.5 mm in C. humahuacaensis) (Wheeler 2002b).
Despite C. ruthsatziae was synonimized with C. maritima Gunn. by JØrgensen et al. (2014), molecular data (Martín-Bravo et al. 2019) has shown both species as distinct (Jiménez-Mejías et al. in press).
description: Published as part of Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro, Alegría-Olivera, J. José, Beltrán, Hamilton W., Cano, Asunción, Granda-Paucar, Arturo, Maldonado Fonkén, Mónica S., Riva-Regalado, Sebastián, Ruthsatz, Barbara & Escudero, Marcial, 2020, Chorological and nomenclatural notes on Peruvian Carex (Cyperaceae), pp. 63-69 in Caldasia 42 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.15446/caldasia.v42n1.76771, http://zenodo.org/record/15265307
Additional file 7: of The gut of the finch: uniqueness of the gut microbiome of the Galápagos vampire finch
Creators: name: Michel, Alice
name: Ward, Lewis
name: Goffredi, Shana
name: Dawson, Katherine
name: Baldassarre, Daniel
name: Brenner, Alec
name: Gotanda, Kiyoko
name: McCormack, John
name: Mullin, Sean
name: O’Neill, Ariel
name: Tender, Gabrielle
name: J. Uy
name: Yu, Kristie
name: Orphan, Victoria
name: Chaves, Jaime
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology

description: Table S4. Description of dataset subdivisions for analysis of individual factors without confounding factors, taken by randomly sub-setting a sub-category of the dataset subdivision where appropriate, as indicated. The influence of season was analyzed using data subdivisions 1 and 3-8, thereby controlling for different species/island/diet groups and the singularity of the vampire finches. Diet was assessed with dataset subdivisions 9-12 by comparing all finch species sampled with the exception of the vampire finches binned into diet categories of herbivorous (including seeds, cactus, and plant matter) and omnivorous (including insects), with control for season and island embedded in the various subsets. Seed-eaters are not generally considered herbivores, thus these groupings were designed broadly to encompass plant matter versus other dietary foodstuffs. The uniqueness of sanguivory was tested in dataset subdivisions 13-15, where season, sample size, and phylogeny (through nearest relatives) were considered as well as a comparison with other finches whose feather isotopes were measured. The role of finch species grouping was analyzed in dataset subdivisions 3, 7, 12, 16, 18, and 19 to remove the confounding influence of the extreme diet of G. septentrionalis and to extract the largest groupings while avoiding potential biogeographical (island) and season bias and to assess the ground finches alone. The influence of island was assessed in dataset subdivisions 1-3, 6, 7, 12, and 17-19, with Santa Cruz, Santa Fé, and North Seymour sometimes grouped together as “Santa Cruz +” since these islands are in close geographic proximity (Fig. 1). In some cases (dataset subdivisions 1, 2, and 12), latitude was assessed, as the northern, more isolated islands of Pinta, Genovesa, Wolf, and Darwin versus the remaining islands of the Galápagos. (DOCX 135 kb)
Rhinoceros Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Perissodactyla
Rhinocerotidae
Rhinoceros

description: Rhinoceros [gen. nov.]
Dentes Primores II.
Cornu naso insidens.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 56, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Rhinoceros unicornis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Perissodactyla
Rhinocerotidae
Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros unicornis

description: Rhinoceros unicornis [spec. nov.]
R. cornu unico conico. Syst. nat. 11. n. 1.
Rhinoceros. Jonst. quadr. 98. t. 38. Bont. jav. 50. t. 51. Bergen. orat. 1746. t. 1. Gesn. quadr. 842. Aldr. bisulc. 878.
Habitat in Africa, India, coeno se volutans, victitans vepretibus.
Statura prioris fere Elephantis.
Cornu in rostro, solidum, recurvum, perpetuum, conicum.
Labium superius acuminatum aduncum.
Oculi & Aures parvae.
Cutis nuda. Rugae transversales: 1. Capitis postica. 2. Scapularis: 3. Abdominalis ante femora. 4. Femoralis trans femora. Ungulae tres.
Cauda attenuata pedibus brevior.
Animal mute, ni lacessetur, tum arbores fragore prosternit, cornu ejicit omnia.
Quantus erat cornu, cui pila Taurus erat. Martialis.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 56, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
The Distribution of Column Densities and b Values in the Lyman-Alpha Forest
Creators: name: Hu, Esther M.
name: Kim, Tae-Sun
name: Cowie, Lennox L.
name: Songaila, Antoinette
name: Rauch, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the properties of the Ly$α$ forest in the column density range $\nhi \geq 2\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$ based on 1056 lines in the wavelength range 4300--5100Åmeasured in extremely high S/N, $R=36,000$ spectra of four quasars. The column density distribution is well described by a -1.5 power law to $2\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-2}$, below which limit confusion becomes too severe to measure a spectrum of individual clouds. The distribution of $b$ values shows a well-defined lower envelope with a cutoff at $b=20\kms$ corresponding to a cloud temperature of 24,000 K. There is only a very small fraction (less than 1%) of narrow line clouds which cannot be identified with metal-lines. From modeling the Ly$α$ absorption lines as complexes of clouds each with thermal broadening corresponding to $b_c$ we find the $b$ distribution can be understood if there is a mean of 3.25 clouds per absorption line with a spread in velocity centroids characterized by a dispersion of $10.75\kms$.
description: 17 pages + 3 tables of text as 1 LaTeX file (uses aastex version 4 style macros: aaspp4.sty, flushrt) plus 1 uuencoded compressed tar file of 7 PostScript figures. Appendix tables and figures [complete spectra and line lists (~1.6 Mb uncompressed)] are available by anonymous ftp at ftp://hubble.ifa.hawaii.edu/pub/preprints. To appear in the October 1995 Astronomical Journal
Perturbation growth and cosmic microwave background anisotropies in the string-like matter dominated universe
Creators: name: Stelmach, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the $Λ$-term is a very good candidate for the smooth component of the universe since it resolves the so-called ``$Ω$-problem'' giving, at the same time, sufficiently large age of the universe. However, the constant $Λ$-term is not the only possibility. Some people consider the $Λ$-term varying in time according to the law $Λ\approx R^{-2}$. Moreover the global texture in a closed universe and the network of cosmic strings obeying the same law of variation ($ρ\approx R^{-2}$) seem to be good candidates as well. We call the ``exotic'' form of matter scaling according to this law -- string-like matter. In the paper we discuss perturbation growth and anisotropies of the CMB in the string-like dominated universe. One can show that the perturbations cannot grow in the curvature dominated universe. Since the energy density of the string-like matter scales with the expansion in the same way as the curvature term one asserts that the perturbations cannot grow in the string-like matter dominated universe either. We find this generally accepted statement not quite correct and one of the purposes of the paper is to clear up this point. The second purpose of the paper is to check whether the eventual existence of the string-like matter may have an impact on the large-angular-scale anisotropies of the CMB. We show that such exotic matter has no effect on the value of the anisotropy amplitude $δT/T(theta).$
description: 8 pages, plain tex, no figures
Rhinoceros bicornis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Perissodactyla
Rhinocerotidae
Rhinoceros
Rhinoceros bicornis

description: Rhinoceros bicornis [spec. nov.]
R. cornibus duobus cuneiformibus. Syst. nat. 11. n. 2.
Habitat in India. Kolbius, Jacobaeus, Schroeckius.
Species obscura, cranium tantum cum cornibus duobus compressis altero minori supra alterum nobis visum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 56, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Hystrix Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix

description: Hystrix [gen. nov.]
Dentes Primores II oblique scissi. (Raj.)
Molares octo.
Corpus spinis tectum.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 56, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Hystrix cristata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix cristata

description: Hystrix cristata [spec. nov.]
H. palmis tetradactylis, plantis pentadactylis, capite cristato, cauda abbreviata. Syst. nat. 9. n. 1.
Hystrix. Gesn. quadr. 563. Aldrov. digit. 471. Jonst. quadr. 119. t. 68. Dodart. act. 233. Raj. quadr. 206.
Hystrix orientalis cristata. Seb. mus. 1. p 79. t. 50. f. 1.
Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Deep learning for automated sleep monitoring
Creators: name: Tsinalis, Orestis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Wearable electroencephalography (EEG) is a technology that is revolutionising the longitudinal monitoring of neurological and mental disorders, improving the quality of life of patients and accelerating the relevant research. As sleep disorders and other conditions related to sleep quality affect a large part of the population, monitoring sleep at home, over extended periods of time could have significant impact on the quality of life of people who suffer from these conditions. Annotating the sleep architecture of patients, known as sleep stage scoring, is an expensive and time-consuming process that cannot scale to a large number of people. Using wearable EEG and automating sleep stage scoring is a potential solution to this problem. In this thesis, we propose and evaluate two deep learning algorithms for automated sleep stage scoring using a single channel of EEG. In our first method, we use time-frequency analysis for extracting features that closely follow the guidelines that human experts follow, combined with an ensemble of stacked sparse autoencoders as our classification algorithm. In our second method, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for automatically learning filters that are specific to the problem of sleep stage scoring. We achieved state-of-the-art results (mean F1-score 84%; range 82-86%) with our first method and comparably good results with the second (mean F1-score 81%; range 79-83%). Both our methods effectively account for the skewed performance that is usually found in the literature due to sleep stage duration imbalance. We propose a filter analysis and visualisation methodology for CNNs to understand the filters that CNNs learn. Our results indicate that our CNN was able to robustly learn filters that closely follow the sleep scoring guidelines.
The Power Spectrum of IRAS Galaxies
Creators: name: Tadros, Helen
name: Efstathiou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the three-dimensional power spectrum of IRAS galaxies from the QDOT and $1.2$Jy redshift surveys. We use identical estimators for both surveys and show how the results depend on the weights assigned to the galaxies. The power spectrum for the QDOT survey is steeper and has a higher amplitude at wavenumbers $k \sim 0.05\; h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ (where $h$ is Hubble's constant in units of $100 \kmsmpc$) than the power spectrum derived from the $1.2$Jy sample. However, the QDOT power spectrum is sensitive to a small number of galaxies in the Hercules supercluster, in agreement with a recent analysis of galaxy counts in cells in these surveys. We argue that the QDOT results are an upward fluctuation. We combine the two surveys to derive our best estimate of the power spectrum of IRAS galaxies. This is shallower and has a lower amplitude on scales $\simlt 0.1 h {\rm Mpc}^{-1}$ than the power spectrum derived by Feldman \et (1994) from the QDOT survey alone. The power spectrum of the combined surveys is well described by the linear theory power spectrum of a scale-invariant cold dark matter model with $Ωh = 0.2$.
description: 5 pages, uuencoded compressed PostScript, 3 figures included. Accepted for publication in MNRAS pink pages
Arithmetic Function Chaos Filtered by Curvature: A Classical Analysis
Creators: name: Fernandes, Ricardo Miguel Machado
Publisher: name: Ricardo Miguel Machado Fernandes
Year: 2025
Subjects: Arithmetic Functions
Number Theory
Curvature Analysis
Stability and Chaos
Divisor Functions
Totient Function
Mathematical Curvature

description: In this study, we introduce a curvature-based framework to filter and analyze chaotic behavior in classical arithmetic functions. By measuring the second discrete difference Δ2f(n)\Delta^2 f(n)Δ2f(n), we identify zones of local stability and irregularity in functions such as τ(n)\tau(n)τ(n) (number of divisors), σ(n)\sigma(n)σ(n) (sum of divisors), and φ(n)\varphi(n)φ(n) (Euler’s totient function). This document proposes the Arithmetic Curvature Stability Filter as a classical analytical tool for understanding informational stability and chaos in number-theoretic landscapes.
On the quasistatic optimal plasmonic resonances in lossy media
Creators: name: Nordebo, Sven
name: Mirmoosa, Mohammad
name: Tretyakov, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper discusses and analyzes the quasistatic optimal plasmonic dipole resonance of a small dielectric particle embedded in a lossy surrounding medium. The optimal resonance at any given frequency is defined by the complex valued dielectric constant that maximizes the absorption of the particle under the quasistatic approximation and a passivity constraint. In particular, for an ellipsoid aligned along the exciting field, the optimal material property is given by the complex conjugate of the pole position associated with the polarizability of the particle. In this paper, we employ classical Mie theory to analyze this approximation for spherical particles in a lossy surrounding medium. It turns out that the quasistatic optimal plasmonic resonance is valid provided that the electrical size of the particle is sufficiently small at the same time as the external losses are sufficiently large. Hence, it is important to note that this approximation can not be used for a lossless medium, and which is also obvious since the quasistatic optimal dipole absorption becomes unbounded for this case. Moreover, it turns out that the optimal normalized absorption cross section area of the small dielectric sphere has a very subtle limiting behavior, and is in fact unbounded even in full dynamics when both the electrical size as well as the exterior losses tend to zero at the same time. A detailed analysis is carried out to assess the validity of the quasistatic estimation of the optimal resonance and numerical examples are included to illustrate the asymptotic results.
Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix prehensilis

description: Hystrix prehensilis [spec. nov.]
H. pedibus tetradactylis, cauda elongata prehensili seminuda. Syst. nat. 9. n. 2.
Hystrix. Bont. jav. 54.
Cuandu brasiliensibus. Marcgr. bras. 233. Pis. amer. 99. Raj. quadr. 208.
Hoitztlacuatzin. Hern. mex. 322.
Habitat in Asia, America meridionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 57, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Fast X-ray Transients and Gamma-ray Bursts: Constraints on Beaming
Creators: name: Grindlay, Jonathan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of x-ray afterglows of gamma-ray burst (GRB) sources has enabled the optical discovery that GRBs are at cosmological distances, which confirms that the enormous luminosities required must produce a relativistically expanding fireball. It is not yet clear if this expansion is quasi-spherical or beamed, or if the beaming differs between the prompt GRB and afterglow, although the differences for both source emission and population models are profound. We show that relative beaming (prompt vs. afterglow) may be constrained by analysis of the "fast transient" x-ray sources catalogued by Pye and McHardy (1983) from the Ariel V survey as well as several other (e.g. HEAO-A1/A2) surveys. After removing contamination from likely stellar transients, and scaling from x-ray/$γ$-ray fluence ratios recently derived from Ginga and BeppoSAX, approximately half of the sources were possible prompt emission or afterglows from GRBs with gamma-ray fluence of >~1.2 X 10$^{-5} /erg-cm^2. Since the rate of these candidate afterglow events, 0.15 /day, is consistent with the BATSE logN-logS distribution, no difference in prompt vs. afterglow beaming is required. However more sensitive x-ray monitors or hard x-ray imaging surveys, with better temporal and spatial resolution, could provide strong constraints on GRBs and beaming.
description: 10 pages LaTeX; accepted for ApJ (to appear Jan 10, 1999)
The influence of HLA-C and KIR on natural killer cell function
Creators: name: Sim, Malcolm John Wyness
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes with important roles in immunity and pregnancy. The NK cell inhibitory receptor KIR2DL3 binds HLA-C1 (HLA-C alleles bearing Asn80) while KIR2DL1 binds HLA-C2 (Lys80). KIR2DL3 and HLA-C1 homozygous individuals are protected from chronic viral infection while mothers carrying KIR2DL1 with HLA-C2 positive foetuses are at a higher risk of pregnancy disorders. Investigations into HLA-C*05:01 were inspired by an as yet unpublished observation from the Boyton/Altmann lab that this allele is protective against disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Here, key differences between interactions by KIR2DL1 with C2 and KIR2DL3 with C1 are demonstrated. KIR2DL3 appears more peptide selective than KIR2DL1 for their respective ligands. Investigations into how HLA-C bound peptides modulate the interaction of KIR and HLA-C found that 2 of 20 HLA-C*05:01 (C2) peptides tested could confer binding to KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 when presented on HLA-C*05:01 showing that KIR specificity for position 80 could be overridden. HLA-C*05:01 differs from HLA-C*08:02 (C1) by two residues and is stabilised by identical HLA-C*05:01 peptides. Intriguingly, KIR2DL1 bound HLA-C*05:01 and KIR2DL3 bound HLA-C*08:02 in the presence of 16 of 20 and 8 of 20 of the same peptides tested respectively. Therefore, it appears that KIR2DL3 with HLA-C1 is more peptide selective than KIR2DL1 with HLA-C2. HLA-C also influences intrinsic NK cell function through NK cell licensing, however KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL3 had similar impact on licensing. Interestingly, KIR2DL1 bound HLA-C*05:01, but not other C2 independently of TAP. Experiments examining peptide competition offer an explanation for peptide antagonism of KIR inhibition. Finally, the peptide selectivity model for understanding disease associations of KIR and HLA-C is presented and discussed.
A Search for $γ$ Doradus-Type Variable Stars in the Hyades
Creators: name: Krisciunas, Kevin
name: Crowe, Richard A.
name: Luedeke, Kenneth D.
name: Roberts, Mavourneen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $γ$ Doradus stars are photometrically variable early F-type stars on or just above the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. They vary by as much as 0.1 mag on time scales an order of magnitude slower than the fundamental radial pulsation period. These brightness variations are presumably due to non-radial gravity-mode pulsations. We obtained high precision $V$-band photometry of 8 F0 to F5 stars in the Hyades (BS 1319, BS 1354, BS 1385, BS 1408, BS 1430, BS 1432, BS 1459, and BS 1472) and found that none of them showed strong evidence of $γ$ Dor-type variability. Since $γ$ Dor-type candidates are found in the Pleiades and in NGC 2516 (having ages of 78 and 137 Myr, repectively) but apparently not in the Hyades (age $>$ 600 Myr), we hypothesize that the $γ$ Dor phenomenon is a characteristic of relatively young F stars. Two of the stars investigated showed marginal evidence of low-amplitude variability. The $\pm$3 mmag variability of the F5 star BS 1319 is most likely due to rotational modulation of star spots, though it is not impossible that it is a $γ$ Dor star. Another F5 star BS 1459 ($ΔV = \pm 2$ mmag) has a possible period similar to $δ$ Scuti stars, but no firm conclusions should be made concerning its behavior unless and until its variability is confirmed.
description: 8 pages, Latex, uses MN.STY, 6 figures, available via Fax or regular post
GW170817: constraining the nuclear matter equation of state from the neutron star tidal deformability
Creators: name: Malik, Tuhin
name: Alam, N.
name: Fortin, M.
name: Providência, C.
name: Agrawal, B. K.
name: Jha, T. K.
name: Kumar, Bharat
name: Patra, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraints set on key parameters of the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS) by the values of the tidal deformability, inferred from GW170817, are examined by using a diverse set of relativistic and non-relativistic mean field models. These models are consistent with bulk properties of finite nuclei as well as with the observed lower bound on the maximum mass of neutron star $\sim 2 ~ {\rm M}_\odot$. The tidal deformability shows a strong correlation with specific linear combinations of the isoscalar and isovector nuclear matter parameters associated with the EoS. Such correlations suggest that a precise value of the tidal deformability can put tight bounds on several EoS parameters, in particular, on the slope of the incompressibility and the curvature of the symmetry energy. The tidal deformability obtained from the GW170817 and its UV/optical/infrared counterpart sets the radius of a canonical $1.4~ {\rm M}_{\odot}$ neutron star to be $11.82\leqslant R_{1.4}\leqslant13.72$ km.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
ESPResSo++ 2.0: Advanced methods for multiscale molecular simulation
Creators: name: Guzman, Horacio V.
name: Tretyakov, Nikita
name: Kobayashi, Hideki
name: Fogarty, Aoife C.
name: Kreis, Karsten
name: Krajniak, Jakub
name: Junghans, Christoph
name: Kremer, Kurt
name: Stuehn, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular simulation is a scientific tool dealing with challenges in material science and biology. This is reflected in a permanent development and enhancement of algorithms within scientific simulation packages. Here, we present computational tools for multiscale modeling developed and implemented within the ESPResSo++ package. These include the latest applications of the adaptive resolution scheme, the hydrodynamic interactions through a lattice Boltzmann solvent coupled to particle-based molecular dynamics, the implementation of the hierarchical strategy for equilibrating long-chained polymer melts and a heterogeneous spatial domain decomposition. The software design of ESPResSo++ has kept its highly modular C++ kernel with a Python user interface. Moreover, it was enhanced by automatic scripts parsing configurations from other established packages providing scientists with a rapid setup possibility for their simulations.
description: 25 pages,8 figures, full research article
Developing a design supporting tool for function-based engineering design approaches
Creators: name: Lee, Szu-Hung
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Engineering design is a complex activity that requires cross-domain knowledge and experience. Many engineering design methodologies have been proposed to describe engineering design and engineering design processes. In order to assist the implementation of these design methodologies, various design representations and design supporting tools are developed along with the methodologies. For example, the systematic approach proposed by Pahl and Beitz possesses the function structure as its design representation and the design repository as its design support. Creativity, as an essential element in engineering design, allows engineering designers to be capable of generating novel and useful design ideas. To assist the idea generation in engineering design, many creative tools including brainstorming and morphological analysis have been developed. Among all creativity tools, the theory of inventive problem solving (TRIZ), developed based on the analysis of thousands of patents, may be the only tool that could actually help engineering designers at the concept-solution location and actual problem solving stage. The TRIZ toolkit possesses several useful tools such as inventive principles and contradiction matrix that could help its users to avoid “trial and error” by employing systematic idea generation and problem solving methods. TRIZ functional analysis is an essential tool in modern TRIZ practice that helps engineering designers to analyse component interactions within the technical system and search for weaknesses that require improvements. The functional analysis diagram (FAD) provides a visualised interface that allows engineering designers to record and analyse the component interactions. Together with the TRIZ 76 standard solutions, functional analysis is an effective tool in assisting problem solving processes. While the TRIZ functional analysis is usually applied to improve the weaknesses of current designs, its feasibility in new product design has not yet been explored. The aim of this research is to develop a methodology that implements TRIZ functional analysis for new product design. In addition to the design methodology, a component database, Mechanism and Machine Element Taxonomy (MMET), has been developed as a part of design methodology to expand the knowledge space available during the design process. Several case studies including the design of a deformable surgical platform, a plan of an ecology sustainable village, and a performance assessment facility for a passive ventilation system are conducted in order to validate the design methodology. While the first two case studies aim to verify the application of FAD and MMET in function-based design processes, the latter two case studies aim to extend FAD’s application to the design of other types of technical systems. The application of both a function-based design improvement process and a new product design process have been extended and verified.
Series of the solutions to Yang-Baxter equations: Hecke type matrices and descendant R-, L-operators
Creators: name: Khachatryan, Sh. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have constructed series of the spectral parameter dependent solutions to the Yang-Baxter equations defined on the tensor product of reducible representations with symmetry of quantum algebra. These series are produced as descendant solutions from the $sl_{q}(2)$-invariant Hecke type $R^{r\;r}(u)$-matrices. The analogues of the matrices of Hecke type with the symmetry of the quantum super-algebra $osp_q(1|2)$ are obtained precisely. For the homogeneous solutions $R^{r^2-1\;r^2-1}$ there are constructed Hamiltonian operators of the corresponding one-dimensional quantum integrable models, which describe rather intricate interactions between different kind of spin states. Centralizer operators defined on the products of the composite states are discussed. The inhomogeneous series of the operators $R^{r\mathcal{R}}(u)$, extended Lax operators of Hecke type, also are suggested.
description: 36 pages; corrected typos, made some clarifications; the printed version
Hystrix dorsata Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Hystricidae
Hystrix
Hystrix dorsata

description: Hystrix dorsata [spec. nov.]
H. palmis tetradactylis, plantis pentadactylis, cauda elongata, dorso solo spinoso.
Hystrix canadensis. Edv. av. 52. t. 52.
Habitat in Canada.
Corpus ferrugineum, Cauda apice subtus alba.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 57, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206