title: ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð° Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑÐ¾Ð² ÐÐÐÐ°
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Analysis of the existing technology of raining and start-up of KAZ electrolysers
Creators: name: ÐÐµÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°
Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³
Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÐ°
ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ð¼
electrolytic cell
hearth
roasting
hearth mass
temperature regime

description: Ð¢ÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ: ÐÐ½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð° Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑÐ¾Ð² ÐÐÐÐ°. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¾ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð°ÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑÑÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑÐ¾Ð². Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÑ, Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð² Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÐºÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð°, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ð² Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð² Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐµ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ, Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑÐ° ÐÐ¢ â 85, Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð° ÐÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼ Ð°Ð»ÑÐ¼Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð¼ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ðµ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð², Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ°Ð¶Ðµ ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð°. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð¾ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¿ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð° Â«HOTWORKÂ», Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ³Ð»Ð°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð½Ð° ÐÐÐÐµ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐµ, Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ»Ðµ ÐºÐ°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ð½ÑÐ°. ÐÑÐ¾Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ²ÑÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ðº Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð°, ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¹ Ð±ÑÐ» Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°Ð½ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð· Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¸ ÑÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ðº ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð²ÐºÐµ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ°. ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÑÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±Ð¶Ð¸Ð³Ð° Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÑÐºÐ° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ð¸Ð·ÐµÑÐ¾Ð² ÐÐ¢ - 85, ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¸ Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð· ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð° Ð²ÑÐ±ÑÐ°Ð² Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð° Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¸Ð· ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÐµÐ².
description: Topic of the final qualification work: Analysis of the existing technology of firing and start-up of KAZ electrolyzers. A study of the current literature was carried out and an analysis of existing technologies for firing electrolyzers was carried out. The processes occurring in the hearth during the course of firing are considered, as well as the features of the various methods of firing currently used, their positive and negative sides. The design of the BT-85 cell used at the Kandalaksha aluminum plant, as well as the characteristics of the materials used in the installation of the cathode device, were considered. We studied ongoing studies to improve the results of firing on electrolyzers BT - 85 using low-shrinkage cold-ramming mass. We considered the device and principle of operation of the Â«HOTWORKÂ» flame roasting plant, the applicable regulations at KAZ for the preparation, roasting and start-up of electrolyzers after a major overhaul. We analyzed the current firing schedule, which was selected based on the ongoing research and adjusted to bring the temperature of the hearth to the working temperature as much as possible and reduce thermal shock when pouring the starting electrolyte. Various ways of possible improvement of the firing and start-up technology are proposed electrolyzers BT - 85, their positive and negative sides are considered, on the basis of which it is possible to make a decision on the implementation of a particular method by choosing the most important of the criteria for the plant.