cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Global variation in subjective well-being predicts seven forms of altruism
Creators: name: Rhoads, Shawn
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The geographic prevalence of various altruistic behaviors (non-reciprocal acts that improve others' welfare) is non-uniformly distributed. But whether this reflects variation in a superordinate construct linked to national-level outcomes or cultural values is unknown. We compiled data on seven altruistic behaviors across 48-152 nations, and found evidence that these behaviors reflect a latent construct positively associated with national-level subjective well-being (SWB) and individualist values, even controlling for national-level wealth, health, education, and shared cultural history. Consistent with prior work, we found that SWB mediates the relationship between two objective measures of well-being (wealth and health) and altruism (N=130). Moreover, these indirect effects increase as individualist values increase within the subset of countries (N=90) with available data. Together, results indicate that altruism increases when resources and cultural values provide objective and subjective means for pursuing personally meaningful goals, and that altruistic behaviors may be enhanced by societal changes that promote well-being.
Re-inflated Warm Jupiters Around Red Giants
Creators: name: Lopez, Eric D.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the discovery of the first transiting hot Jupiters, models have sought to explain the anomalously large radii of highly irradiated gas giants. We now know that the size of hot Jupiter radius anomalies scales strongly with a planet's level of irradiation and numerous models like tidal heating, ohmic dissipation, and thermal tides have since been developed to help explain these inflated radii. In general however, these models can be grouped into two broad categories: 1) models that directly inflate planetary radii by depositing a fraction of the incident irradiation into the interior and 2) models that simply slow a planet's radiative cooling allowing it to retain more heat from formation and thereby delay contraction. Here we present a new test to distinguish between these two classes of models. Gas giants orbiting at moderate orbital periods around post main sequence stars will experience enormous increases their irradiation as their host stars move up the sub-giant and red-giant branches. If hot Jupiter inflation works by depositing irradiation into the planet's deep interiors then planetary radii should increase in response to the increased irradiation. This means that otherwise non-inflated gas giants at moderate orbital periods >10 days can re-inflate as their host stars evolve. Here we explore the circumstances that can lead to the creation of these "re-inflated" gas giants and examine how the existence or absence of such planets can be used to place unique constraints of the physics of the hot Jupiter inflation mechanism. Finally, we explore the prospects for detecting this potentially important undiscovered population of planets.
description: Accepted by ApJ. 8 Figures and 8 pages
The Narrative of Emotions Task: A psychometric study of social cognition and social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia
Creators: name: Buck, Benjamin Edwards
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well documented and related to functional outcome. Current social cognition measures are often not psychometrically validated, too heterogeneous for standardization, and focus principally on one domain of social cognition rather than the simultaneous activation of multiple domains. Also, few if any allow for personalization of stimuli and interpretation of personally evocative events. An alternative methodology that addresses these limitations is the analysis of personal narratives. The present study creates and evaluates the psychometric properties of a measure of emotional narratives potentially indicative of social cognition skills called the Narrative of Emotions Task (NET). The NET was used to assess the performance of 50 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 50 nonclinical controls. Overall, the NET's psychometric properties justify further use of narrative methods of social cognition assessment in this population.
A novel hypothesis for how albatrosses optimize their flight physics in real-time: an extremum seeking model and control for dynamic soaring
Creators: name: Pokhrel, Sameer
name: Eisa, Sameh A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The albatross optimized flight maneuver -- known as dynamic soaring -- is nothing but a wonder of biology, physics, and engineering. By utilizing dynamic soaring, the bird can travel in the desired flight direction almost for free by harvesting energy from the wind. Dynamic soaring biological inspiration has triggered a momentous interest among many communities of science and engineering. Studying, modeling, and simulating dynamic soaring have been conducted in literature by mostly configuring dynamic soaring as an optimal control problem. Said configuration requires accurate dynamic system modeling of the albatross/mimicking-object, accurate wind profile models, and a defined mathematical formula of an objective function that aims at conserving energy and minimizing its dissipation. However, the experimental observations of albatrosses indicate their ability to conduct dynamic soaring in real time. Indeed, a functioning modeling and control framework for dynamic soaring that allows for a meaningful bio-mimicry of the albatross needs to be autonomous, real-time, stable, and capable of tolerating the absence of mathematical expressions of the wind profiles and the objective function, hypothetically similar to what the bird does. The qualifications of such modeling and control framework are the very same characteristics of the so-called extremum seeking systems. In this paper, we propose an extremum seeking modeling and control framework for the dynamic soaring problem. We provide and discuss the problem setup, design, and stability of the introduced framework. Our results, supported by simulations and comparison with optimal control methods of the literature, provide a proof of concept that the dynamic soaring phenomenon can be a natural expression of extremum seeking. Hence, dynamic soaring has the potential to be performed autonomously and in real-time with stability guarantees.
Motion by mean curvature from Glauber-Kawasaki dynamics with speed change
Creators: name: Funaki, Tadahisa
name: van Meurs, Patrick
name: Sethuraman, Sunder
name: Tsunoda, Kenkichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82C22, 74A50

description: We derive a continuum mean-curvature flow as a certain hydrodynamic scaling limit of Glauber-Kawasaki dynamics with speed change. The Kawasaki part describes the movement of particles through particle interactions. It is speeded up in a diffusive space-time scaling. The Glauber part governs the creation and annihilation of particles. The Glauber part is set to favor two levels of particle density. It is also speeded up in time, but at a lesser rate than the Kawasaki part. Under this scaling, a mean-curvature interface flow emerges, with a homogenized `surface tension-mobility' parameter reflecting microscopic rates. The interface separates the two levels of particle density. Similar hydrodynamic limits have been derived in two recent papers; one where the Kawasaki part describes simple nearest neighbor interactions, and one where the Kawasaki part is replaced by a zero-range process. We extend the main results of these two papers beyond nearest-neighbor interactions. The main novelty of our proof is the derivation of a `Boltzmann-Gibbs' principle which covers a class of local particle interactions.
description: 32 pages
Exponential shortcut to measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions
Creators: name: Moghaddam, Ali G.
name: Pöyhönen, Kim
name: Ojanen, Teemu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently discovered measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in monitored quantum circuits provide a novel example of far-from-equilibrium quantum criticality. Here, we propose a highly efficient strategy for experimentally accessing these transitions through fluctuations. Instead of directly measuring entanglement entropy, which requires an exponential number of measurements in the subsystem size, our method provides a scalable approach to entanglement transitions in the presence of conserved quantities. In analogy to entanglement entropy and mutual information, we illustrate how bipartite and multipartite fluctuations can both be employed to analyze the measurement-induced criticality. Remarkably, the phase transition can be revealed by measuring fluctuations of only a handful of qubits.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Hot Carrier Trapping Induced Negative Photoconductance in InAs Nanowires toward Novel Nonvolatile Memory
Creators: name: Yang, Yiming
name: Peng, Xingyue
name: Kim, Hong-Seok
name: Kim, Taeho
name: Jeon, Sanghun
name: Kang, Hang Kyu
name: Choi, Wonjun
name: Song, Jindong
name: Doh, Yong-Joo
name: Yu, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a novel negative photoconductivity (NPC) mechanism in n-type indium arsenide nanowires (NWs). Photoexcitation significantly suppresses the conductivity with a gain up to 10^5. The origin of NPC is attributed to the depletion of conduction channels by light assisted hot electron trapping, supported by gate voltage threshold shift and wavelength dependent photoconductance measurements. Scanning photocurrent microscopy excludes the possibility that NPC originates from the NW/metal contacts and reveals a competing positive photoconductivity. The conductivity recovery after illumination substantially slows down at low temperature, indicating a thermally activated detrapping mechanism. At 78 K, the spontaneous recovery of the conductance is completely quenched, resulting in a reversible memory device which can be switched by light and gate voltage pulses. The novel NPC based optoelectronics may find exciting applications in photodetection and nonvolatile memory with low power consumption.
How urban spaces remember
Creators: name: Minner, Jennifer
name: Abbott, Martin
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: International Expos can leave long-lasting imprints on host cities. The production and evolution of legacy public spaces from these events deserve scholarly attention. Case studies were conducted at two former expo sites in the US and Australia, focusing on the role of retention, reuse, heritage, and parks conservation in the evolution of public spaces. In preparation for Hemisfair ’68, in San Antonio, Texas, conservationists saved 22 historic buildings out of hundreds demolished. Although only a small proportion of buildings were preserved, preservationists challenged a modernist urban renewal plan and the design became a precedent for incorporating heritage conservation in modern urban design. Today, the Hemisfair site is subject to new redevelopment plans. Calls to preserve remaining modernist pavilions challenge New Urbanist visions for the site. In a second case study, an industrial district was cleared and a working-class neighbourhood transformed for Expo ’88, in Brisbane, Queensland. The site was later redeveloped into the South Bank Parklands. Over time, South Bank evolved through redevelopment and master planning, public outcry, and instances of conservation in and around the expo site. Common to both cases is the conservation of parks, heritage, and artwork, outcomes of individual and collective actions to shape urban landscapes.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Exploring the Quark Transversity and the Collins Fragmentation Functions using Polarized $pp$ Collisions at STAR
Creators: name: Lin, Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the internal spin structure of the nucleon still remains a challenge in strong interaction physics. Transversity, which describes the transverse spin structure of quarks in a transversely polarized proton, is poorly constrained by experimental data. Since it is chiral-odd, it can only be accessed through channels that couple to other chiral-odd distributions, like the Collins fragmentation functions (so-called Collins effect) or the interference fragmentation functions. Recently, a detailed calculation using the soft-collinear effective theory found that the Collins effect in $pp$ collisions involves a mixture of collinear and transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization. The Collins effect provides a direct probe to the Collins fragmentation function and enables testing of its evolution, universality and factorization breaking in the transverse momentum dependent formalism. In 2018, STAR published the first measurements of Collins asymmetries for charged pions in jets in polarized $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 500 GeV based on data taken during 2011. These measurements probe $Q^2$ scales one to two orders of magnitude larger than similar measurements in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and the results are consistent with predictions based on global analyses of $e^{+}e^{-}$ and SIDIS data. In 2012 and 2015, STAR collected $\sim$14 $\mathrm{pb^{-1}}$ and $\sim$52 $\mathrm{pb^{-1}}$ of transversely polarized $pp$ data at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV, respectively. These datasets provide the most precise measurement of the Collins effect in 200 GeV $pp$ collisions to date, especially at the quark momentum fractions $0.1 \le x \le 0.4$. These proceedings present the preliminary results for Collins asymmetries of identified pions in jets in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 200 GeV and comparisons to theory predictions.
description: Contribution to the Proceedings of the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN2021)
Protecting the body and soul of infinite newborns: church and state in the regulation of midwifery in Tridentine Italy
Creators: name: Kosmin, Jennifer F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Midwives were unique among early modern Italian medical practitioners in that their work and expertise were at once part of learned, popular, and religious traditions. In addition to being highly visible figures in the ritual life of Italian society, midwives' expertise facilitated their entrance into the legal and political worlds of early modern Italy. Still, the mysteriousness of midwives' knowledge and practice fostered perpetual concern among male elites over midwives' potentially illicit activities. It was this position on the margins of multiple traditions that found early modern midwives targeted by new ecclesiastical, municipal, and medical regulation. This essay examines the various forms of legislation directed at midwives during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries - including Canon and Synodal decrees, municipal ordinances, and statues of the various medical colleges and Protomedicati - and aims to provide a thorough regional comparison of midwifery regulation in Italy. I suggest that midwives were positioned as intermediaries during a period of increased ecclesiastical and secular intervention in daily life, negotiating between the interests of their communities and new interventions from church and state.
Dilemma in All-optical Characterization of Single-layer NiI2 Multiferroics
Creators: name: Jiang, Yucheng
name: Wu, Yangliu
name: Zhang, Jinlei
name: Wei, Jingxuan
name: Peng, Bo
name: Qiu, Cheng-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Matters Arising in Nature on "Evidence for a single layer van der Waals multiferroic". The search for two dimensional multiferroic materials is an exciting yet challenging endeavor. Recently, Song reported the exciting discovery of type II multiferroic order in an antiferromagnetic (AFM) NiI2 single layer and concluded the ferroelectric (FE) polarization induced by a helical magnetic order1. Their finding was presented from all optical experimental evidence, based on the methods of second harmonic generation (SHG) and linear dichroism (LD). However, the all optical characterizations cannot serve as unanimous evidence of the FE existence, particularly in conjunction with magnetic orders in a single layer NiI2 multiferroic. We have designed and built a Magneto-Optical-Electric Joint-measurement Scanning Imaging system (MOEJSI) for identification of two-dimensional vdW multiferroic.
description: 7 pages
Planning modern cities in China
Creators: name: Sun, Yanchen
name: Hein, Carola
name: Song, Kun
name: Feng, Lin
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Tianjin, one of the so-called Treaty Ports that opened to foreign trade under the unequal treaties was home to nine foreign concessions. In each concession, the foreign powers created urban forms and functions that mirrored practices in their respective home countries. This article explores the consecutive establishment and implementation of regulations in eight out of nine foreign concessions in Tianjin between 1860 and 1945. It firstly provides an overview of regulation types and legislative systems of the concessions. Secondly, it compares these regulations and bylaws with the ones in their home countries. Thirdly, it compares the specific cases of Tianjin concessions with each other. Finally, it places the Tianjin case in the context of other Chinese port city concessions. In conclusion, it argues that the regulations of concessions in Tianjin not only showed a strong influence from their home countries in a top-down setting, but also interacted with each other in a peer-to-peer setting. The circulation of these regulations, within Tianjin and among treaty ports in China, was promoted by governments’ central control, municipal councils’ intervention and individuals’ movements from one place to another.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Ultimate limit for optical losses in gold, revealed by quantitative near-field microscopy
Creators: name: Lebsir, Yonas
name: Boroviks, Sergejs
name: Thomaschewski, Martin
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
name: Zenin, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report thorough measurements of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) running along nearly perfect air-gold interfaces formed by atomically flat surfaces of chemically synthesized gold monocrystals. By means of amplitude- and phase-resolved near-field microscopy, we obtain their propagation length and effective mode index at visible wavelengths (532, 594, 632.8, 729, and 800 nm). The measured values are compared with the values obtained from the dielectric functions of gold that are reported in literature. Importantly, a reported dielectric function of monocrystalline gold implies $\sim 1.5$ times shorter propagation lengths than those observed in our experiments, whereas a dielectric function reported for properly fabricated polycrystalline gold leads to SPP propagation lengths matching our results. We argue that the SPP propagation lengths measured in our experiments signify the ultimate limit of optical losses in gold, encouraging further comprehensive characterization of optical material properties of pure gold as well as other plasmonic materials.
Chiral quantum optics in the bulk of photonic quantum Hall systems
Creators: name: De Bernardis, Daniele
name: Piccioli, Francesco
name: Rabl, Peter
name: Carusotto, Iacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study light-matter interactions in the bulk of a two-dimensional photonic lattice system, where photons are subject to the combined effect of a synthetic magnetic field and an orthogonal synthetic electric field. In this configuration, chiral waveguide modes appear in the bulk region of the lattice, in direct analogy to transverse Hall currents in electronic systems. By evaluating the non-Markovian dynamics of emitters that are coupled to those modes, we identify critical coupling conditions, under which the shape of the spontaneously emitted photons becomes almost fully symmetric. Combined with a directional, dispersionless propagation, this property enables a complete reabsorption of the photon by another distant emitter, without relying on any time-dependent control. We show that this mechanism can be generalized to arbitrary in-plane synthetic potentials, thereby enabling flexible realizations of re-configurable networks of quantum emitters with arbitrary chiral connectivity.
Historical analysis of urban public transportation development in modern Tianjin (1902-1949)
Creators: name: Zhao, Yili
name: Feng, Lin
name: Sun, Yanchen
name: Song, Kun
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: Tianjin was the earliest city opening urban public transport lines in China. Urban public transportation had profound impacts on urban construction and on the formation of urban structure in Tianjin from 1902 to 1949. Based on the background of urban development, this paper firstly divides the evolution process of public transportation represented by tramways and buses into three periods from the perspectives of the distribution, quantity and operation status of public transportation lines. It then analyses the strong influence of public transportation on urban roads construction from the view of the increased municipal income, road widening, improvement of pavement quality, and bridges construction and maintenance. Finally, by using qualitative and quantitative analysis and superposing the related statistical data with the historical map, it analyses the relationship among public transportation line density, land value partition and basic urban structure, and certifies they were highly relative. In conclusion, the paper argues that Tianjin urban public transport network was based on trams and supplemented by buses, and not only planning ideas but also advanced municipal technologies from the West like public transportation system were also indispensable supports in the process of urban modernization in Chinese modern treaty ports.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Subtleties in constraining gravity theories with mass-radius data
Creators: name: Demirboğa, Ekrem S.
name: Şahin, Yakup Emre
name: Ramazanoğlu, Fethi M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous measurements of neutron star masses and radii can be used to constrain deviations from general relativity (GR) as was recently demonstrated for the spontaneous scalarization model of Damour and Esposito-Farèse (DEF). Here, we investigate the general applicability of the same procedure beyond this single example. We first show that a simple variation of the DEF model renders the same mass-radius measurements ineffective for obtaining constraints. On the other hand, a recently popular and distinct model of scalarization that arises in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet theory can be constrained similarly to the original DEF model, albeit due to a slightly different underlying mechanism. These establish that using the mass-radius data can potentially constrain various theories of gravity, but the method also has limitations.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures. Published version. A larger dataset was used in the analysis and a chapter explaining the effect of the dataset size is added in this version
Controlled formation of high-mobility shallow electron gases in SrTiO3 single crystal
Creators: name: Chang, Jung-Won
name: Lee, Joon Sung
name: Lee, Tae Ho
name: Kim, Jinhee
name: Doh, Yong-Joo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report controlled formation of sub-100 nm-thin electron channels in SrTiO$_3$ by doping with oxygen vacancies induced by Ar$^+$-ion irradiation. The conducting channels exhibit a consistent high electron mobility (~15,000 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$), which enables clear observation of magnetic quantum oscillations, and gate-tunable linear magnetoresistance. Near the onset of electrical conduction, the metal-insulator transition is induced by the mobility suppression. With the high electron mobility and the ease of controlled channel formation, this ion-irradiation doping method may provide an excellent basis for developing oxide electronics.
Polarization fraction of Planck Galactic cold clumps and forecasts for the Simons Observatory
Creators: name: Clancy, J.
name: Puglisi, G.
name: Clark, S. E.
name: Coppi, G.
name: Fabbian, G.
name: Hervias-Caimapo, C.
name: Hill, J. C.
name: Nati, F.
name: Reichardt, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the polarization fraction of a sample of $6282$ Galactic cold clumps at $353 \, \mathrm{GHz} $, consisting of $Planck$ Galactic cold clump (PGCC) catalogue category 1 objects (flux densities measured with signal-to-noise ratio $(\mathrm{S/N}) > 4$). We find the mean-squared polarization fraction at $353 \, \mathrm{GHz} $ to be $ \langle Π^ 2 \rangle = [ 4.79 \pm 0.44 ] \times 10 ^ {-4} $ equating to an $ 11 \, σ$ detection of polarization. We test if the polarization fraction depends on the clumps' physical properties, including flux density, luminosity, Galactic latitude and physical distance. We see a trend towards increasing polarization fraction with increasing Galactic latitude, but find no evidence that polarization depends on the other tested properties. The Simons Observatory, with an angular resolution of order $1 \, \mathrm{arcmin } $ and noise levels between $22$ and $54$ $ μ\mathrm{ K-arcmin } $ at high frequencies, will substantially enhance our ability to determine the magnetic field structure in Galactic cold clumps. At $\ge5\,σ$ significance, we predict the Simons Observatory will detect at least $\sim12,000$ cold clumps in intensity and $\sim430$ cold clumps in polarization. This number of polarization detections would represent a two orders of magnitude increase over the current $Planck$ results. We also release software that can be used to mask these Galactic cold clumps in other analyses.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, accepted by MNRAS; section 5 number counts revised and improved
Heralded high-efficiency quantum repeater with atomic ensembles assisted by faithful single-photon transmission
Creators: name: Li, Tao
name: Deng, Fu-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum repeater is one of the important building blocks for long distance quantum communication network. The previous quantum repeaters based on atomic ensembles and linear optical elements can only be performed with a maximal success probability of 1/2 during the entanglement creation and entanglement swapping procedures. Meanwhile, the polarization noise during the entanglement distribution process is harmful to the entangled channel created. Here we introduce a general interface between a polarized photon and an atomic ensemble trapped in a single-sided optical cavity, and with which we propose a high-efficiency quantum repeater protocol in which the robust entanglement distribution is accomplished by the stable spatial-temporal entanglement and it can in principle create the deterministic entanglement between neighboring atomic ensembles in a heralded way as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. Meanwhile, the simplified parity check gate makes the entanglement swapping be completed with unity efficiency, other than 1/2 with linear optics. We detail the performance of our protocol with current experimental parameters and show its robustness to the imperfections, i.e., detuning and coupling variation, involved in the reflection process. These good features make it a useful building block in long distance quantum communication.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Machine-learning interatomic potential for molecular dynamics simulation of ferroelectric KNbO3 perovskite
Creators: name: Thong, Hao-Cheng
name: Wang, XiaoYang
name: Wang, Han
name: Zhang, Linfeng
name: Wang, Ke
name: Xu, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferroelectric perovskites have been ubiquitously applied in piezoelectric devices for decades, among which, eco-friendly lead-free (K,Na)NbO3-based materials have been recently demonstrated to be an excellent candidate for sustainable development. Molecular dynamics is a versatile theoretical calculation approach for the investigation of the dynamical properties of ferroelectric perovskites. However, molecular dynamics simulation of ferroelectric perovskites has been limited to simple systems, since the conventional construction of interatomic potential is rather difficult and inefficient. In the present study, we construct a machine-learning interatomic potential of KNbO3 (as a representative system of (K,Na)NbO3) by using a deep neural network model. Including first-principles calculation data into the training dataset ensures the quantum-mechanics accuracy of the interatomic potential. The molecular dynamics based on machine-learning interatomic potential shows good agreement with the first-principles calculations, which can accurately predict multiple fundamental properties, e.g., atomic force, energy, elastic properties, and phonon dispersion. In addition, the interatomic potential exhibits satisfactory performance in the simulation of domain wall and temperature-dependent phase transition. The construction of interatomic potential based on machine learning could potentially be transferred to other ferroelectric perovskites and consequently benefits the theoretical study of ferroelectrics.
Estimating asymptotic phase and amplitude functions of limit-cycle oscillators from time series data
Creators: name: Namura, Norihisa
name: Takata, Shohei
name: Yamaguchi, Katsunori
name: Kobayashi, Ryota
name: Nakao, Hiroya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for estimating the asymptotic phase and amplitude functions of limit-cycle oscillators using observed time series data without prior knowledge of their dynamical equations. The estimation is performed by polynomial regression and can be solved as a convex optimization problem. The validity of the proposed method is numerically illustrated by using two-dimensional limit-cycle oscillators as examples. As an application, we demonstrate data-driven fast entrainment with amplitude suppression using the optimal periodic input derived from the estimated phase and amplitude functions.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Emission of spacetime waves from the partial collapse of a compact object
Creators: name: Avila-Vargas, Emmanuel Alejandro
name: Moreno, Claudia
name: Hernández-Jiménez, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we describe the partial collapse of a compact object and the emission of spacetime waves as a result of back-reaction effects. As a source mass term we propose a non-smooth continuous function that describes a mass-loss, and we then obtain the solution of such setting. We present three distinct examples of the evolution of the norm $|R_{nl}(t,r_{*})|$ in terms of $t$, and four different results are shown for the parameter $l=1,2,5,10$; here $r_{*}$ is the fixed radius of an observer outside the compact object. In all cases, the decay behaviour is actually present at $t\gg 1$ and becomes more evident for larger $l$. In addition, for the results that have smaller $l$'s their amplitudes are larger when the asymptotic character of $|R_{nl}(t,r_{*})|$ clearly appears. Finally, the farther away an observer is set, the fewer oscillations are perceived; however, from our particular fixed set of parameters, the best spot to observe the wiggles of the emitted spacetime waves is close to $r_{*}\simeq α$.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Polarized Images of Synchrotron Radiations in Curved Spacetime
Creators: name: Hu, Zezhou
name: Hou, Yehui
name: Yan, Haopeng
name: Guo, Minyong
name: Chen, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we derive two formulas encoding the polarization direction and luminosity of synchrotron radiations from the moving electrons in curved spacetime under the geometric optics approximation. As an application, we further study the polarized images of synchrotron radiations from electron sources in Schwarzschild black hole spacetime with a vertical and uniform magnetic field. In particular, by focusing on the circular orbits of electrons on the equatorial plane, we show the polarized images of the synchrotron radiations from these orbits for different observational angles and discuss the variations of the polarization directions concerning the angles.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, accepted in EPJC
Study of Charged Compact Stars in Non-minimally Coupled Gravity
Creators: name: Sharif, M.
name: Naseer, Tayyab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studies the structural formation of various spherically symmetric anisotropic configured stars in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},\mathcal{Q})$ gravity under the influence of electromagnetic field, where $\mathcal{Q}=\mathcal{R}_{ησ}\mathcal{T}^{ησ}$. We construct modified field equations by adopting the Krori-Barua metric potentials (involving unknowns ($A,B,C$)) and employ bag model equation of state to explore the physical characteristics of compact structures like Vela X-I,~4U 1820-30,~SAX J 1808.4-3658,~Her X-I and RXJ 1856-37. The bag constant ($\mathfrak{B_c}$) and other three unknowns are calculated by using experimental data of all considered stars. Further, we adopt a standard model $\mathcal{R}+\varpi\mathcal{R}_{ησ}\mathcal{T}^{ησ}$ to interpret the graphical behavior of energy density, pressure in radial and tangential directions as well as anisotropy. We also investigate mass, compactness parameter, surface redshift and energy conditions for compact bodies by taking model parameter ($\varpi$) as $\pm5$. The stability of the obtained solution is examined by means of two different criteria. We conclude that our proposed solution meets all the physical requirements and shows stable behavior everywhere for $\varpi=5$.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures
Complementary Thoughts in the Writings and Spatial Designs of Arnold Schoenberg and Adolf Loos
Creators: name: Eagen, Megan K.
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2010

description: In this essay I demonstrate the profound congruity of thought that is reflected in both the writings and artist works of Arnold Schoenberg and Adolf Loos. The viable relationship between the pantonal works of Schoenberg and the modern architecture and polemical thought of Loos has been established by a host of scholars--Benedetto Gravagnuolo, Richard Neutra, Yehuda Safran, Sherwin Simmons, and, most recently, Holly Watkins. I augment their research, first by detailing the connections present in Schoenberg and Loos's critical and pedagogical writings, and second by suggesting some ways in which Loos's novel Raumplan concept resonates with the unique textural and timbral organization of Schoenberg's Variationen für Orchester, op. 31. By extension, I show that Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique is as much a means of liberating orchestrational techniques as it is an expansion of the Western tonal system.
On the initial value formulation of classical electrodynamics
Creators: name: Deckert, Dirk-André
name: Hartenstein, Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a seemingly unnoticed feature of the text-book Maxwell-Lorentz system of classical electrodynamics which challenges its formulation in terms of an initial value problem. For point-charges, even after appropriate renormalization, we demonstrate that most of the generic initial data evolves to develop singularities in the electromagnetic fields along the light cones of the initial charge positions. We provide explicit formulas for the corresponding fields, demonstrate how this phenomenon renders the initial value problem ill-posed, and show how such bad initial data can be ruled out by extra conditions in addition to the Maxwell constraints. These extra conditions, however, require knowledge of the history of the solution and, as we discuss, effectively turn the Maxwell-Lorentz system into a system of delay equations much like the Fokker-Schwarzschild-Tetrode equations. For extended charges such singular light fronts persist in a smoothened form and, as we argue, yield physically doubtful solutions. Our results also apply to some extent to expectation values of field operators in quantum field theory.
Western Modernity interwoven with Chinese traditions:
Creators: name: Lin, Hang
Publisher: name: International Planning History Society Proceedings
Year: 2018

description: As one of the first Chinese cities opened to Western trade in mid 19th century, Shanghai soon became the preferred place of residence for foreign merchants and entrepreneurs in East Asia. Shanghai’s economy thrived and the people made this development possible came from various provinces of China, from the principal nations of Europe, the United States, Japan, and other Asian countries already colonised by the West. The relative importance of these communities varied from one period to another, but the barriers that separated them - languages, customs, and interests - all contributed to the fragmentation of the local society. This paper examines how different practices came to be grafted onto traditional systems and how Shanghai provided many opportunities for intercultural contacts between groups of people from vastly different backgrounds. I shall demonstrate that a new cosmopolitan society, largely modeled upon the Western modernity but interwoven with traditions from various parts of China, was rapidly emerging in Shanghai in the late nineteenth century, together with a distinctive “Shanghai identity” that shaped both Chinese and foreigners.
description: International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning
Gluon TMDs and inelastic $J/ψ$ leptoproduction at the EIC
Creators: name: D'Alesio, U.
name: Mukherjee, A.
name: Murgia, F.
name: Pisano, C.
name: Rajesh, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Sivers azimuthal asymmetry for $J/ψ$ production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, and the still poorly known gluon Sivers function. We concentrate on the $J/ψ$ low transverse momentum region, employing the transverse-momentum dependent generalised parton model (GPM), and its colour gauge invariant extension (CGI-GPM), which includes final-state interactions at leading order. We adopt the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework for the quarkonium formation mechanism, and compare our results for the unpolarised cross section and the Sivers asymmetry with available data, respectively from HERA and COMPASS. Finally, we give estimates for the asymmetry in the kinematical regime of the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC).
description: 5 pages, 3 figures (6 eps plots); presented by F. Murgia at the 24th International Spin Symposium (SPIN 2021), 18-22 October 2021, Matsue, Japan
Bioinspired Visual Motion Estimation
Creators: name: Orchard, Garrick
name: Etienne-Cummings, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual motion estimation is a computationally intensive, but important task for sighted animals. Replicating the robustness and efficiency of biological visual motion estimation in artificial systems would significantly enhance the capabilities of future robotic agents. 25 years ago, in this very journal, Carver Mead outlined his argument for replicating biological processing in silicon circuits. His vision served as the foundation for the field of neuromorphic engineering, which has experienced a rapid growth in interest over recent years as the ideas and technologies mature. Replicating biological visual sensing was one of the first tasks attempted in the neuromorphic field. In this paper we focus specifically on the task of visual motion estimation. We describe the task itself, present the progression of works from the early first attempts through to the modern day state-of-the-art, and provide an outlook for future directions in the field.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Optimal Cyber Security Placement Schemes for Smart City Infrastructures
Creators: name: Hasan, Md Mahmud
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Security Monitoring
Smart City
Cyber-Physical Systems
Optimal Placement

description: The conceptual evolution of smart cities is highly motivated by the advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The purpose of a smart city is to facilitate the best quality of life to its inhabitants. Its implementation has to be supported by the compliant utilities and networked infrastructures. In the current world, it can only be achieved by applying ICTs in an extensive manner. The move towards the smart city's seamless connectivity widens the scope of cyber security concerns. Smart city infrastructures to face a high risk of targeted attacks due to extended cyber-physical vulnerabilities. This creates many challenging research issues relevant to the design and implementation of cyber security solutions. Networks associated with city infrastructures vary from a small indoor one to a large geographically distributed one. The context of a network is an essential consideration for security solutions. This thesis investigates a set of optimal security placement problems for enhancing monitoring in smart city infrastructures. It develops solutions to such placement problems from a resource management perspective. Economy and quality-of-security service (QoSS) are two major design goals. Such goals are translated into three basic performance metrics: (i) coverage, (ii) tolerance, and (iii) latency. This thesis studies security placement problems pertaining to three different types of networks: (i) wireless sensor network (WSN), (ii) supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) backbone, and (iii) advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) wide area network (WAN). In a smart city, WSNs are deployed to support real time monitoring and safety alert (RTMSA) applications. They are highly resource constrained networks. For WSNs, placement problems for an internally configured security monitor named watchdog have been studied. On the other hand, a smart grid is a key driver for smart cities. SCADA and AMI are two major components of a smart grid. They are associated with two different types of geographically distributed networks. For SCADA backbones, placement problems for a specially designed security device named trust system have been studied. For AMI-WANs, placement problems for a cloud-based managed security service have been studied. This thesis proposes a number of promising solution schemes to such placement problems. It includes evaluation results that demonstrate the enhancements of the proposed schemes.
Comment on "Quantum principle of relativity"
Creators: name: Del Santo, Flavio
name: Horvat, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A. Dragan and A. Ekert [New Journal of Physics, 22(3), p.033038.] have recently claimed that fundamental properties of quantum physics (e.g. fundamental indeterminism and the principle of superposition) can be derived solely from relativistic considerations, if one takes as physically meaningful superluminal reference frames. In this comment we show that their arguments are flawed and their claims therefore unwarranted.
description: 5 pages
Interfacial Dynamics of Thin Viscoelastic Films and Drops
Creators: name: Barra, Valeria
name: Afkhami, Shahriar
name: Kondic, Lou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational investigation of thin viscoelastic films and drops on a solid substrate subject to the van der Waals interaction force, in two spatial dimensions. The governing equations are obtained within a long-wave approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations with Jeffreys model for viscoelastic stresses. We investigate the effects of viscoelasticity, Newtonian viscosity, and the substrate slippage on the dynamics of thin viscoelastic films. We also study the effects of viscoelasticity on drops that spread or recede on a prewetted substrate. For dewetting films, the numerical results show the presence of multiple secondary droplets for higher values of elasticity, consistently with experimental findings. For drops, we find that elastic effects lead to deviations from the Cox-Voinov law for partially wetting fluids. In general, elastic effects enhance spreading, and suppress retraction, compared to Newtonian ones.
description: Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2016