cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized wreath products of graphs and groups
Creators: name: Donno, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C76, 20B25, 20E22

description: Inspired by the definition of generalized wreath product of permutation groups, we define the generalized wreath product of graphs, containing the classical Cartesian and wreath product of graphs as particular cases. We prove that the generalized wreath product of Cayley graphs of finite groups is the Cayley graph of the generalized wreath product of the corresponding groups.
description: 11 pages; to appear in Graphs and Combinatorics
A practical guide to Terahertz imaging using thermal atomic vapour
Creators: name: Downes, Lucy
name: Torralbo-Campo, Lara
name: Weatherill, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This tutorial aims to provide details on the underlying principles and methodologies of atom-based terahertz imaging techniques. Terahertz imaging is a growing field of research which can provide complementary information to techniques using other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Unlike infrared, visible and ultraviolet radiation, terahertz passes through many everyday materials, such as plastics, cloth and card. Compared with images formed using lower frequencies, terahertz images have superior spatial resolution due to the shorter wavelength, while compared to x-rays and gamma rays, terahertz radiation is non-ionising and safe to use. The tutorial begins with the basic principles of terahertz to optical conversion in alkali atoms before discussing how to construct a model to predict the fluorescent spectra of the atoms, on which the imaging method depends. We discuss the practical aspects of constructing an imaging system, including the subsystem specifications. We then review the typical characteristics of the imaging system including spatial resolution, sensitivity andbandwidth. We conclude with a brief discussion of some potential applications
description: Invited Review. 37 pages
A general-purpose material property data extraction pipeline from large polymer corpora using Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Shetty, Pranav
name: Rajan, Arunkumar Chitteth
name: Kuenneth, Christopher
name: Gupta, Sonkakshi
name: Panchumarti, Lakshmi Prerana
name: Holm, Lauren
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Ramprasad, Rampi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ever-increasing number of materials science articles makes it hard to infer chemistry-structure-property relations from published literature. We used natural language processing (NLP) methods to automatically extract material property data from the abstracts of polymer literature. As a component of our pipeline, we trained MaterialsBERT, a language model, using 2.4 million materials science abstracts, which outperforms other baseline models in three out of five named entity recognition datasets when used as the encoder for text. Using this pipeline, we obtained ~300,000 material property records from ~130,000 abstracts in 60 hours. The extracted data was analyzed for a diverse range of applications such as fuel cells, supercapacitors, and polymer solar cells to recover non-trivial insights. The data extracted through our pipeline is made available through a web platform at https://polymerscholar.org which can be used to locate material property data recorded in abstracts conveniently. This work demonstrates the feasibility of an automatic pipeline that starts from published literature and ends with a complete set of extracted material property information.
Optical coherences and wavelength mismatch in ladder systems
Creators: name: Urvoy, A.
name: Carr, C.
name: Ritter, R.
name: Adams, C. S.
name: Weatherill, K. J.
name: Löw, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate experimentally and theoretically the coherent and incoherent processes in open 3-level ladder systems in room temperature gases and identify in which regime electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) occurs. The peculiarity of this work lies in the unusual situation where the wavelength of the probe field is shorter than that of the coupling field. The nature of the observed spectral features depends considerably on the total response of different velocity classes, the varying Doppler shifts for bichromatic excitation fields, on optical pumping to additional electronic states and transit time effects. All these ingredients can be absorbed in a model based on optical Bloch equations with only five electronic states.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, published version
Microtus multiplex
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus multiplex

description: Microtus multiplex (Fatio, 1905). Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Geneve, Ser. 4, 19:193. TYPE LOCALITY: Switzerland, Ticino Canton, near Lugano. DISTRIBUTION: S Alps and N Apennines in Switzerland, Austria, Italy, and France; also NW and C Yugoslavia (see map in Krapp, 1982b). SYNONYMS: fatoi, druentius, leponticus, liechtensteini, orientalis, petrovi. COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola. Placed in subterraneus species group by Chaline et al. (1988) but in the multiplex group, along with M. tatricus, by Zagorodnyuk (1990). Reviewed by Krapp (1982b). Corbet (1978c, and references therein) viewed liechtensteini as a separate species, but Krapp (1982b) included it in M. multiplex. Two distinctive karyotypes exist, one with 2N=48 (multiplex) and the other with 2N=46 (liechtensteini), but there is a record of hybridization (Zima and Krâl, 1984a). Tarsal glands compared (as liechtensteini) with those of M. subterraneus by Hrabe (1977).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on pages 525-526, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Krapp, F. 1982 b. Microtus multiplex (Fatio, 1905) -- Alpen- Kleinwuhlmaus. Pp. 419 - 428, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 2 / I: 1 - 649.", "Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian).", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.", "Zima, J., and B. Kral. 1984 a. Karyotypes of European mammals. II. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, Academiae Scientarium Bohemoslovacae (Brno), 18 (8): 1 - 62.", "Hrabe, V. 1977. Tarsal glands of voles of the genus Pitymys (Microtidae, Mammalia) from southern Austria. Folia Zoologica, 27: 123 - 128."]}
Performance of a prototype TORCH time-of-flight detector
Creators: name: Bhasin, Srishti
name: Blake, Thomas
name: Brook, Nicholas
name: Cicala, Maria Flavia
name: Conneely, Thomas
name: Cussans, David
name: van Dijk, Maarten
name: Forty, Roger
name: Frei, Christoph
name: Gabriel, Emmy
name: Gao, Rui
name: Gershon, Timothy
name: Gys, Thierry
name: Hadavizadeh, Tom
name: Hancock, Thomas
name: Jones, Thomas
name: Harnew, Neville
name: Kreps, Michal
name: Milnes, James
name: Piedigrossi, Didier
name: Rademacker, Jonas
name: Smallwood, Jennifer Clare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TORCH is a novel time-of-flight detector, designed to provide charged particle identification of pions, kaons and protons in the momentum range 2-20 GeV/c over a 9.5 m flight path. A detector module, comprising a 10mm thick quartz plate, provides a source of Cherenkov photons which propagate via total internal reflection to one end of the plate. Here, the photons are focused onto an array of custom-designed Micro-Channel Plate Photo-Multiplier Tubes (MCP-PMTs) which measure their positions and arrival times. The target time resolution per photon is 70 ps which, for 30 detected photons per charged particle, results in a 10-15 ps time-of-flight resolution. A 1.25 m length TORCH prototype module employing two MCP-PMTs has been developed, and tested at the CERN PS using a charged hadron beam of 8 GeV/c momentum. The construction of the module, the properties of the MCP-PMTs and the readout electronics are described. Measurements of the collected photon yields and single-photon time resolutions have been performed as a function of particle entry points on the plate and compared to expectations. These studies show that the performance of the TORCH prototype approaches the design goals for the full-scale detector.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, to be published in Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. During review, clarity added to description throughout; updated figures 15 and 16; revised argument in section 6.3
Three-Dimensional Anderson Localization in Variable Scale Disorder
Creators: name: McGehee, W. R.
name: Kondov, S. S.
name: Xu, W.
name: Zirbel, J. J.
name: DeMarco, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the impact of variable-scale disorder on 3D Anderson localization of a non-interacting ultracold atomic gas. A spin-polarized gas of fermionic atoms is localized by allowing it to expand in an optical speckle potential. Using a sudden quench of the localized density distribution, we verify that the density profile is representative of the underlying single-particle localized states. The geometric mean of the disordering potential correlation lengths is varied by a factor of four via adjusting the aperture of the speckle focusing lens. We observe that the root-mean-square size of the localized gas increases approximately linearly with the speckle correlation length, in qualitative agreement with the scaling predicted by weak scattering theory.
description: See ancillary file for Supplemental Material sections
Probing black-hole accretion through time variability
Creators: name: De Marco, Barbara
name: Motta, Sara E.
name: Belloni, Tomaso M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flux variability is a remarkable property of black hole (BH) accreting systems, and a powerful tool to investigate the multi-scale structure of the accretion flow. The X-ray band is where some of the most rapid variations occur, pointing to an origin in the innermost regions close to the BH. The study of fast time variability provides us with means to explore the accretion flow around compact objects in ways which are inaccessible via spectral analysis alone, and to peek at regions which cannot be imaged with the currently available instrumentation. In this chapter we will discuss fast X-ray variability in stellar-mass BH systems, namely binary systems containing a star and a BH, occasionally contrasting it with observations of supermassive BHs in active galactic nuclei. We will explore how rapid variations of the X-ray flux have been used in multiple studies as a diagnostic of the innermost regions of the accretion flow in these systems. To this aim we will provide an overview of the currently most used analysis approaches for the study of X-ray variability, describe observations of both aperiodic and quasi-periodic phenomena, and discuss some of the proposed models.
description: 44 pages, 6 figures, this Chapter will appear in the Section "Miscellanea" of the "Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics" (Editors in chief: C. Bambi and A. Santangelo)
The Freedman group: a physical interpretation for the SU(3)-subgroup D(18,1,1;2,1,1) of order 648
Creators: name: Levaillant, Claire I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81R05, 20F36

description: We study a subgroup $Fr(162\times 4)$ of SU(3) of order 648 which is an extension of $D(9,1,1;2,1,1)$ and whose generators arise from anyonic systems. We show that this group is isomorphic to a semi-direct product $(\mathbb{Z}/18\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z})\rtimes S_3$ with respect to conjugation and we give a presentation of the group. We show that the group $D(18,1,1;2,1,1)$ from the series $(D)$ in the existing classification for finite SU(3)-subgroups is also isomorphic to a semi-direct product $(\mathbb{Z}/18\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}/6\mathbb{Z})\rtimes S_3$, also with respect to conjugation. We show that the two groups $Fr(162\times 4)$ and $D(18,1,1;2,1,1)$ are isomorphic and we provide an isomorphism between both groups. We prove that $Fr(162\times 4)$ is not isomorphic to the exceptional SU(3) subgroup $Σ(216\times 3)$ of the same order 648. We further prove that the only SU(3) finite subgroups from the 1916 classification by Blichfeldt or its extended version which $Fr(162\times 4)$ may be isomorphic to belong to the $(D)$-series. Finally, we show that $Fr(162\times 4)$ and $D(18,1,1;2,1,1)$ are both conjugate under an orthogonal matrix which we provide.
description: 42 pages, 8 figures
Microtus nasarovi
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus nasarovi

description: Microtus nasarovi (Shidlovsky, 1938). Work of the Zemstvo Experimental Station (Tifh's), 2:12. TYPE LOCALITY: Russia, Daghestan, Gunib, Karda. DISTRIBUTION: NE Caucasus. COMMENTS: Subgenus Terricola, subterraneus species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Included in majori by Corbet (1978c) but retained as a species by Pavlinov and Rossolimo (1987).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 526, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian).", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp.", "Pavlinov, I. Ya., and O. L. Rossolimo. 1987. Sistematika mlekopitayushchikh SSSR [Systematics of the mammals of the USSR.]. Moscow University Press, Moscow, 282 pp. (in Russian)."]}
Spatio-temporal exceedance locations and confidence regions
Creators: name: French, Joshua P.
name: Sain, Stephan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An exceedance region is the set of locations in a spatial domain where a process exceeds some threshold. Examples of exceedance regions include areas where ozone concentrations exceed safety standards, there is high risk for tornadoes or floods, or heavy-metal levels are dangerously high. Identifying these regions in a spatial or spatio-temporal setting is an important responsibility in environmental monitoring. Exceedance regions are often estimated by finding the areas where predictions from a statistical model exceed some threshold. Even when estimation error is quantifiable at individual locations, the overall estimation error of the estimated exceedance region is still unknown. A method is presented for constructing a confidence region containing the true exceedance region of a spatio-temporal process at a certain time. The underlying latent process and any measurement error are assumed to be Gaussian. Conventional techniques are used to model the spatio-temporal data, and then conditional simulation is combined with hypothesis testing to create the desired confidence region. A simulation study is used to validate the approach for several levels of spatial and temporal dependence. The methodology is used to identify regions of Oregon having high precipitation levels and also used in comparing climate models and assessing climate change using climate models from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS631 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Locally Rotationally Symmetric Bianchi Type-I cosmological model in $f(T)$ gravity: from early to Dark Energy dominated universe
Creators: name: Rodrigues, M. E.
name: Salako, I. G.
name: Houndjo, M. J. S.
name: Tossa, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the locally rotational symmetry Bianchi type-I dark energy model in the framework of $f(T)$ theory of gravity, where $T$ denotes the torsion scalar. A viable cosmological model is undertaken and the isotropization of this latter is checked, yielding a result that reflects the real evolution of our universe. Moreover, still in the anisotropic optic, a more complicated $f(T)$ model is obtained from the cosmological reconstruction scheme and the analysis shows that the universe is more anisotropic at the beginning if the terms of higher order in $T$ are not considered. This means that the non-linear model should be favoured by observational data.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in International Journal of Modern Physics D (IJMPD)
Microtus oaxacensis Goodwin 1966
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus oaxacensis

description: Microtus oaxacensis Goodwin, 1966. Am. Mus. Novit., 2243:1 -4. TYPE LOCALITY: Mexico, Oaxaca, Ixtlan Dist., near Vista Hermosa, Tarabundi Ranch, 5000 ft. DISTRIBUTION: Sierra de Juarez, NC Oaxaca, Mexico. COMMENTS: Relationships obscure: differentially diagnosed with respect to M. mexicanus and M. umbrosus by Goodwin (1966); description amplified and resemblance to M. guatemalensis noted by Jones and Genoways (1967); grouped with other relictual "pitymyine" species found at southern edge of Nearctic-Microtus distribution by Hoffmann and Koeppl (1985).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 526, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Goodwin, G. G. 1966. A new species of vole (genus Microtus) from Oaxaca, Mexico. American Museum Novitates, 2243: 1 - 4.", "Jones, J. K., Jr., and H. H. Genoways. 1967. Notes on the Oaxacan vole, Microtus oaxacensis Goodwin, 1966. Journal of Mammalogy, 48: 320 - 321.", "Hoffmann, R. S., and J. W. Koeppl. 1985. Zoogeography. Pp. 84 - 115, in Biology of New World Microtus (R. H. Tamarin, ed.). Special Publication, American Society of Mammalogists, 8: 1 - 893."]}
Studying Gamow-Teller transitions and the assignment of isomeric and ground states at $N=50$
Creators: name: Mollaebrahimi, Ali
name: Hornung, Christine
name: Dickel, Timo
name: Amanbayev, Daler
name: Kripko-Koncz, Gabriella
name: Plaß, Wolfgang R.
name: Andrés, Samuel Ayet San
name: Beck, Sönke
name: Blazhev, Andrey
name: Bergmann, Julian
name: Geissel, Hans
name: Górska, Magdalena
name: Grawe, Hubert
name: Greiner, Florian
name: Haettner, Emma
name: Kalantar-Nayestanaki, Nasser
name: Miskun, Ivan
name: Nowacki, Frédéric
name: Scheidenberger, Christoph
name: Bagchi, Soumya
name: Balabanski, Dimiter L.
name: Brencic, Ziga
name: Charviakova, Olga
name: Constantin, Paul
name: Dehghan, Masoumeh
name: Ebert, Jens
name: Gröf, Lizzy
name: Hall, Oscar
name: Harakeh, Muhsin N.
name: Kaur, Satbir
name: Kankainen, Anu
name: Knöbel, Ronja
name: Kostyleva, Daria A.
name: Kurkova, Natalia
name: Kuzminchuk, Natalia
name: Mardor, Israel
name: Nichita, Dragos
name: Otto, Jan-Hendrik
name: Patyk, Zygmunt
name: Pietri, Stephane
name: Purushothaman, Sivaji
name: Reiter, Moritz Pascal
name: Rink, Ann-Kathrin
name: Roesch, Heidi
name: Spătaru, Anamaria
name: Stanic, Goran
name: State, Alexandru
name: Tanaka, Yoshiki K.
name: Vencelj, Matjaz
name: Weick, Helmut
name: Winfield, John S.
name: Yavor, Michael I.
name: Zhao, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct mass measurements of neutron-deficient nuclides around the $N=50$ shell closure below $^{100}$Sn were performed at the FRS Ion Catcher (FRS-IC) at GSI, Germany. The nuclei were produced by projectile fragmentation of $^{124}$Xe, separated in the fragment separator FRS and delivered to the FRS-IC. The masses of 14 ground states and two isomers were measured with relative mass uncertainties down to $1\times 10^{-7}$ using the multiple-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer of the FRS-IC, including the first direct mass measurements of $^{98}$Cd and $^{97}$Rh. A new $Q_\mathrm{EC} = 5437\pm67$ keV was obtained for $^{98}$Cd, resulting in a summed Gamow-Teller (GT) strength for the five observed transitions ($0^+\longrightarrow1^+$) as $B(\text{GT})=2.94^{+0.32}_{-0.28}$. Investigation of this result in state-of-the-art shell model approaches sheds light into a better understanding of the GT transitions in even-even isotones at $N=50$. The excitation energy of the long-lived isomeric state in $^{94}$Rh was determined for the first time to be $293\pm 21$ keV. This, together with the shell model calculations, allows the level ordering in $^{94}$Rh to be understood.
Studying Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Todorov, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper puts together some loosely connected observations, old and new, on the concept of a quantum field and on the properties of Feynman amplitudes. We recall, in particular, the role of (exceptional) elementary induced representations of the quantum mechanical conformal group SU(2,2) in the study of gauge fields and their higher spin generalization. A recent revival of the (Bogolubov-)Epstein-Glaser approach to position space renormalization is reviewed including an application to the calculation of residues of primitively divergent graphs. We end up with an optimistic outlook of current developments of analytic methods in perturbative QFT which combine the efforts of theoretical physicists, algebraic geometers and number theorists.
description: 28 pages, Extended version of an evening talk at the Conference "Quantum Field Theory, Periods and Polylogarithms", dedicated to David Broadhurst's 65th birthday, Humboldt University, Berlin, June 2012. Updated, Sects. 2 and 5 made the essential part of an invited talk at the Second Bulgarian National Congress of Physics, Sofia, September 2013
[Vollbrevier (Winterteil)]. (1r) Proprium de tempore et de sanctis. (167r) Commune Sanctorum. (179r) Hymnar (ohne Melodien). (187v) [Nachtrag]; 1374
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2017

description: Entstehungsort: Augustiner-Chorherrenstift Beuerberg. - Entstehungszeit: 1374
Exploring Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Physics Instructors and Teaching Assistants Using the Force Concept Inventory
Creators: name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Force Concept Inventory (FCI) has been widely used to assess student understanding of introductory mechanics concepts by a variety of educators and physics education researchers. One reason for this extensive use is that many of the items on the FCI have strong distractor choices that correspond to students' alternate conceptions in mechanics. Instruction is unlikely to be effective if instructors do not know the common alternate conceptions of introductory physics students and explicitly take into account students' initial knowledge state in their instructional design. Here, we discuss research involving the FCI to evaluate the pedagogical content knowledge of both instructors and teaching assistants (TAs) of varying teaching experience. For each item on the FCI, the instructors and TAs were asked to identify the most common incorrect answer choice of introductory physics students. We also discussed the responses individually with a few instructors. Then, we used the FCI pre-test and post-test data from a large population (~900) of introductory physics students to assess the pedagogical content knowledge of physics instructors and TAs. We find that while both physics instructors and TAs, on average, performed better than random guessing at identifying introductory students' difficulties with FCI content, they did not identify many common difficulties that introductory physics students have, even after traditional instruction. Moreover, the ability to correctly identify students' difficulties was not correlated with the teaching experience of the physics instructors.
Vanishing angular singularity limit to the hard-sphere Boltzmann equation
Creators: name: Jang, Jin Woo
name: Kepka, Bernhard
name: Nota, Alessia
name: Velázquez, Juan J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q20 (Primary) 35R11, 76P05, 82C40, 26A33 (Secondary)

description: In this note we study Boltzmann's collision kernel for inverse power law interactions $U_s(r)=1/r^{s-1}$ for $s>2$ in dimension $ d=3 $. We prove the limit of the non-cutoff kernel to the hard-sphere kernel and give precise asymptotic formulas of the singular layer near $θ\simeq 0$ in the limit $ s\to \infty $. Consequently, we show that solutions to the homogeneous Boltzmann equation converge to the respective solutions.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure
Infinite distances in multicritical CFTs and higher-spin holography
Creators: name: Basile, Ivano
name: Campoleoni, Andrea
name: Pekar, Simon
name: Skvortsov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the swampland distance conjecture in higher-spin gravity. To this end, we study multicritical generalizations of large-$N$ vector models, bosonic and fermionic, and we compute the quantum information distance along selected renormalization-group trajectories toward the higher-spin limit. In striking contrast to the expected exponential decay of higher-spin masses or anomalous dimensions, we find that infinite-distance limits in these models lead to a power-like decay. This suggests that stringy exponential decays are characteristic of matrix-like gauge theories, rather than vector models. We corroborate this notion studying the information distance along coupling variations in Chern-Simons-matter CFTs, where matrix-like degrees of freedom dominate over vector-like ones.
description: 33+9 pages, 8 figures
Vortex states in mesoscopic three-band superconductors
Creators: name: Gillis, San
name: Jäykkä, Juha
name: Milošević, Milorad V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using multi-component Ginzburg-Landau simulations, we show a plethora of vortex states possible in mesoscopic three-band superconductors. We find that mesoscopic confinement stabilizes chiral states, with non-trivial phase differences between the band-condensates, as the ground state of the system. As a consequence, we report the broken-symmetry vortex states, the chiral states where vortex cores in different band condensates do not coincide (split-core vortices), as well as fractional vortex states with broken time-reversal symmetry.
description: v2: minor edits, 12 pages, 21 figures (now with options to direct arXiv to produce proper pdf figures from the original eps figures) v1: 12 pages, 21 figures
Microtus obscurus
Creators: name: Musser, Guy G.
name: Carleton, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muridae
Microtus
Microtus obscurus

description: Microtus obscurus (Eversmann, 1841). Mem. Univ. Kazan, 156. TYPE LOCALITY: Siberia, Altai Mtns. DISTRIBUTION: Russia from the Crimea east through Siberia to the upper Yenesei River, south through NW Mongolia, NW China (Xinjiang), the Altai Mtns, Lake Balkash, to the Caucusus and N Iran (see Zagorodnyuk, 1991a). SYNONYMS: brevirostris, gudauricus, ilaeus, ileos, innae, iphigeniae, macrocranius, transcaucasicus, transuralensis. COMMENTS: Subgenus Microtus, arvalis species group sensu Zagorodnyuk (1990). Formerly included in M. arvalis (e.g., Corbet, 1978c) but shown to be a distinct species by Zagorodnyuk (1991a, b) based on morphological and chromosomal features. The species appears to be parapatric with M. arvalis (Zagorodnyuk, 1991a).
description: Published as part of Guy G. Musser & Michael D. Carleton, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Muridae, pp. 501-755 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 526, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353098
description: {"references": ["Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1991 a. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' 46 - khromosomnykh form polevok gruppy Microtus arvalis (Rodentia): Taksonomicheskaya otsenka [Karyotypic variation of 46 - chromosome forms of voles of the Microtus arvalis group (Rodentia): Taxonomic evaluation]. Vestnik Zoologii, 1: 36 - 46 (in Russian).", "Zagorodnyuk, I. V. 1990. Kariotipicheskaya izmenchivost' i sistematika serykh polevok (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Soobshchenie 1. Vidovoi sostav i khromosomnye chisla [Karyotypic variability and systematics of the gray voles (Rodentia, Arvicolini). Communication 1. Species composition and chromosomal numbers]. Vestnik Zoologii, 2: 26 - 37 (in Russian).", "Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp."]}
Modeling driver's evasive behavior during safety-critical lane changes:Two-dimensional time-to-collision and deep reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Guo, Hongyu
name: Xie, Kun
name: Keyvan-Ekbatani, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lane changes are complex driving behaviors and frequently involve safety-critical situations. This study aims to develop a lane-change-related evasive behavior model, which can facilitate the development of safety-aware traffic simulations and predictive collision avoidance systems. Large-scale connected vehicle data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) program were used for this study. A new surrogate safety measure, two-dimensional time-to-collision (2D-TTC), was proposed to identify the safety-critical situations during lane changes. The validity of 2D-TTC was confirmed by showing a high correlation between the detected conflict risks and the archived crashes. A deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm, which could learn the sequential decision-making process over continuous action spaces, was used to model the evasive behaviors in the identified safety-critical situations. The results showed the superiority of the proposed model in replicating both the longitudinal and lateral evasive behaviors.
Exploring Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Teaching Assistants Using the Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics
Creators: name: Maries, Alexandru
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics (TUG-K) is a multiple choice test developed by Beichner in 1994 to assess students' understanding of kinematics graphs. Many of the items on the TUG-K have strong distractor choices which correspond to students' common difficulties with kinematics graphs. Instruction is unlikely to be effective if instructors do not know the common difficulties of introductory physics students and explicitly take them into account in their instructional design. We evaluate the pedagogical content knowledge of first year physics graduate students enrolled in a teaching assistant (TA) training course related to topics covered in the TUG-K. In particular, for each item on the TUG-K, the graduate students were asked to identify which incorrect answer choice they thought would be most commonly selected by introductory physics students if they did not know the correct answer after instruction in relevant concepts. We used the graduate student data and the data from Beichner's original paper for introductory physics students to assess the relevant pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of the graduate students. We find that, although the graduate students, on average, performed better than random guessing at identifying introductory student difficulties on the TUG-K, they did not identify many common difficulties that introductory students have with graphs in kinematics even after traditional instruction. In addition, we find that the ability of graduate students to identify the difficulties of introductory students is context dependent.
X-ray emission mechanisms in accreting white dwarfs
Creators: name: Page, K. L.
name: Shaw, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this chapter we consider the processes which can lead to X-ray emission from different types of cataclysmic variable stars (CVs). CVs are semi-detached, binary star systems where material is transferred from the donor star (also known as the companion or secondary star) onto the white dwarf primary. CVs are divided into several sub-classes based on the observed phenomenology in the optical and X-ray bands, which, in turn, is largely defined by the magnetic field strength of the accretor. In non-magnetic systems, a variety of observed behaviours are identified, depending on the accretion rate: novae, dwarf novae, nova-like variables, symbiotic binaries and supersoft sources are all examples of non-magnetic CVs. In magnetic systems (polars and intermediate polars, or AM Her and DQ Her systems, respectively), the accretion flow is channelled to polar regions, and the observational appearance is different. X-rays are typically produced through hot or energetic processes, and in CVs they are formed via shocks (within a boundary layer or accretion column, or through interactions either internal to the nova ejecta, or between the ejecta and a stellar wind) or from hydrogen burning (either steady fusion, or a thermonuclear runaway). All of these different types of accreting white dwarfs are discussed here, considering both spectral and temporal variability in the different populations.
description: 48 pages (though pages 36 onwards consist entirely of references, due to a poorly designed style file!), 15 figures. Invited (and accepted) chapter for the Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics
More on Chiral Higher Spin Gravity and Convex Geometry
Creators: name: Sharapov, Alexey
name: Skvortsov, Evgeny
name: Sukhanov, Arseny
name: Van Dongen, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a unique class of local Higher Spin Gravities with propagating massless fields in $4d$ - Chiral Higher Spin Gravity - was given a covariant formulation both in flat and $(A)dS_4$ spacetimes at the level of equations of motion. We unfold the corresponding homological perturbation theory as to explicitly obtain all interaction vertices. The vertices reveal a remarkable simplicity after an appropriate change of variables. Similarly to formality theorems the $A_\infty/L_\infty$ multi-linear products can be represented as integrals over a configuration space, which in our case is the space of convex polygons. The $A_\infty$-algebra underlying Chiral Theory is of pre-Calabi-Yau type. As a consequence, the equations of motion have the Poisson sigma-model form.
description: 41 pages + Appendices + Biblio = 61 pages
RDA: An Accelerated Collision Free Motion Planner for Autonomous Navigation in Cluttered Environments
Creators: name: Han, Ruihua
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Wang, Shuaijun
name: Zhang, Zeqing
name: Zhang, Qianru
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
name: Hao, Qi
name: Pan, Jia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Autonomous motion planning is challenging in multi-obstacle environments due to nonconvex collision avoidance constraints. Directly applying numerical solvers to these nonconvex formulations fails to exploit the constraint structures, resulting in excessive computation time. In this paper, we present an accelerated collision-free motion planner, namely regularized dual alternating direction method of multipliers (RDADMM or RDA for short), for the model predictive control (MPC) based motion planning problem. The proposed RDA addresses nonconvex motion planning via solving a smooth biconvex reformulation via duality and allows the collision avoidance constraints to be computed in parallel for each obstacle to reduce computation time significantly. We validate the performance of the RDA planner through path-tracking experiments with car-like robots in both simulation and real-world settings. Experimental results show that the proposed method generates smooth collision-free trajectories with less computation time compared with other benchmarks and performs robustly in cluttered environments. The source code is available at https://github.com/hanruihua/RDA_planner.
description: Published in: IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters ( Volume: 8, Issue: 3, March 2023) (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10036019)
BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS TO RECOGNIZE UZBEK SIGN LANGUAGE (UZSL)
Creators: name: Kayumov Oybek Achilovich  Kayumova Nazokat Rashitovna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Sign language recognition has gained significant attention due to its potential to bridge communication gaps between the deaf and hearing communities. This article presents a comprehensive review of machine learning methods employed for the recognition of Uzbek Sign Language (UzSL). The unique visual and spatial nature of sign languages poses challenges that necessitate specialized techniques for accurate recognition. This review surveys various approaches, ranging from traditional techniques to modern deep learning methods, used to recognize UzSL gestures.
The article begins by introducing the significance of UzSL recognition and its impact on facilitating effective communication for the Uzbek deaf community. It outlines the complexities involved in sign language recognition, including variations in hand shapes, movements, and facial expressions. The challenges of limited training data, real-time recognition, and capturing dynamic features are discussed in depth.
A survey of traditional machine learning methods such as Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) is presented, along with their applications and limitations in UzSL recognition. The evolution of these methods into more sophisticated approaches like Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is also explored.
The article concludes by summarizing the key findings from the reviewed literature and identifying potential directions for future research in UzSL recognition. The fusion of multimodal information, real-time recognition in dynamic settings, and the integration of interactive technologies are identified as promising areas for advancement.
In essence, this comprehensive review provides researchers, practitioners, and developers in the field of sign language recognition with a thorough understanding of the diverse machine learning techniques applied to UzSL recognition. By shedding light on the progress made and the challenges that lie ahead, this article serves as a valuable resource for driving innovation in UzSL communication technology.
Assessment of mortgage default risk via Bayesian state space models
Creators: name: Aktekin, Tevfik
name: Soyer, Refik
name: Xu, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Managing risk at the aggregate level is crucial for banks and financial institutions as required by the Basel III framework. In this paper, we introduce discrete time Bayesian state space models with Poisson measurements to model aggregate mortgage default rate. We discuss parameter updating, filtering, smoothing, forecasting and estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. In addition, we investigate the dynamic behavior of the default rate and the effects of macroeconomic variables. We illustrate the use of the proposed models using actual U.S. residential mortgage data and discuss insights gained from Bayesian analysis.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS632 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
OCS GE Land Use dataset including the French departments of Gers and Rhône
Creators: name: Cubaud, Martin
name: LE BRIS, Arnaud
name: Jolivet, Laurence
name: Olteanu-Raimond, Ana-Maria
name: Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Description

This dataset is published as supplementary materials of the article:

Cubaud, M., Le Bris, A., Jolivet, L., & Olteanu-Raimond, A. M. (2024). Assessing the transferability of a multi-source land use classification workflow across two heterogeneous urban and rural areas. International Journal of Digital Earth, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17538947.2024.2376274

 

It is composed of the Land Use datasets for Gers and Rhône, constructed and annotated by the IGN (French National mapping agency) in the frame of the OCcupation des Sols à Grande Echelle (Large Scale Land Use Land Cover, OCS GE). To these datasets were added attributes constructed using multiple sources of data. The attributes are listed in the file "attributes_table.xlsx", and their construction process is detailed in the article. The attributes are used in the article to characterize the polygons and to predict their Land Use. In the article, attributes constructed from Land Files are also used, but they cannot be included due to privacy and license reasons.

The construction of the OCS GE is described in https://geoservices.ign.fr/sites/default/files/2022-11/DC_OCS_GE_1-1.pdf (in French)

The date of Gers dataset is 2019 and the date of Rhône dataset is 2020. The file NomenclatureOCSGE.csv presents the Land Use classes.

Files

OCS_GE_Rhone.gpkg : Rhône Land Use dataset;

OCS_GE_Gers.gpkg : Gers Land Use dataset;

attributes_table.xlsx : list of the attributes;

NomenclatureOCSGE.csv : description of the Land Use classes, with their legend color.

Usage

The dataset files can be opened in GIS software like QGIS.

The following code allows to read them in Python.

import geopandas as gpd
ocs_ge_gers = gpd.read_file("OCS_GE_Gers.gpkg")
ocs_ge_rhone = gpd.read_file("OCS_GE_Rhone.gpkg")

The repository https://github.com/mcubaud/multi-source-Land-Use-classification shows the code used in the article to construct the attributes and predict the Land Use from these attributes.
Propagation-invariant beams with quantum pendulum spectra: from Bessel beams to Gaussian beam-beams
Creators: name: Dennis, Mark R
name: Ring, James D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new class of propagation-invariant light beams with Fourier transform given by an eigenfunction of the quantum mechanical pendulum. These beams, whose spectra (restricted to a circle) are doubly-periodic Mathieu functions in azimuth, depend on a field strength parameter. When the parameter is zero, pendulum beams are Bessel beams, and as the parameter approaches infinity, they resemble transversely propagating one-dimensional Gaussian wavepackets (Gaussian beam-beams). Pendulum beams are the eigenfunctions of an operator which interpolates between the squared angular momentum operator and the linear momentum operator. The analysis reveals connections with Mathieu beams, and insight into the paraxial approximation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Optics Letters style
Stellar evolution, SN explosion, and nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Maeda, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive stars evolve toward the catastrophic collapse of their innermost core, producing core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions as the end products. White dwarfs, formed through evolution of the less massive stars, also explode as thermonuclear SNe if certain conditions are met during the binary evolution. Inflating opportunities in transient observations now provide an abundance of data, with which we start addressing various unresolved problems in stellar evolution and SN explosion mechanisms. In this chapter, we overview the stellar evolution channels toward SNe, explosion mechanisms of different types, and explosive nucleosynthesis. We then summarize observational properties of SNe through which the natures of the progenitors and explosion mechanisms can be constrained.
description: 42 pages, 17 figures; Invited chapter for Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics (Eds. C. Bambi and A. Santangelo, Springer Singapore, expected in 2022). References updated
Generating Anisotropic Collapse and Expansion Solutions of Einstein's Equations
Creators: name: Glass, E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic gravitational collapse and expansion solutions with anisotropic pressure are generated. Metric functions are found by requiring zero heat flow scalar. It emerges that a single function generates the anisotropic solutions. Each generating function contains an arbitrary function of time which can be chosen to fit various astrophysical time profiles. Two examples are provided: a bounded collapse metric and an expanding cosmological solution
description: to appear in Gen. Rel. Gravit