cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theory of polarization textures in crystal supercells
Creators: name: Bennett, Daniel
name: Jankowski, Wojciech J.
name: Chaudhary, Gaurav
name: Kaxiras, Efthimios
name: Slager, Robert-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, topologically nontrivial polarization textures have been predicted and observed in nanoscale systems. While these polarization textures are interesting and promising in terms of applications, their topology in general is yet to be fully understood. For example, the relation between topological polarization structures and band topology has not been explored, and polar domain structures are typically considered in topologically trivial systems. In particular, the local polarization in a crystal supercell is not well-defined, and typically calculated using approximations which do not satisfy gauge invariance. Furthermore, local polarization in supercells is typically approximated using calculations involving smaller unit cells, meaning the connection to the electronic structure of the supercell is lost. In this work, we propose a definition of local polarization which is gauge invariant and can be calculated directly from a supercell without approximations. We show using first-principles calculations for commensurate bilayer hexagonal boron nitride that our expressions for local polarization give the correct result at the unit cell level, which is a first approximation to the local polarization in a moiré superlattice. We also illustrate using an effective model that the local polarization can be directly calculated in real space. Finally, we discuss the relation between polarization and band topology, for which it is essential to have a correct definition of polarization textures.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Search for squarks and gluinos in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}$ =13 TeV $pp$ collision data with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the supersymmetric partners of quarks and gluons (squarks and gluinos) in final states containing jets and missing transverse momentum, but no electrons or muons, is presented. The data used in this search were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. The results are interpreted in the context of various $R$-parity-conserving models where squarks and gluinos are produced in pairs or in association and a neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle. An exclusion limit at the 95% confidence level on the mass of the gluino is set at 2.30 TeV for a simplified model containing only a gluino and the lightest neutralino, assuming the latter is massless. For a simplified model involving the strong production of mass-degenerate first- and second-generation squarks, squark masses below 1.85 TeV are excluded if the lightest neutralino is massless. These limits extend substantially beyond the region of supersymmetric parameter space excluded previously by similar searches with the ATLAS detector.
description: 61 pages in total, author list starting page 45, 17 figures, 12 tables, published in JHEP 02 (2021) 143. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/SUSY-2018-22/
A new dynamical instability in Anti-de-Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Gürsoy, Umut
name: Jansen, Aron
name: van der Schee, Wilke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present fully dynamical solutions to Einstein-scalar theory in asymptotically Anti-de-Sitter spacetime with a scalar potential containing particularly rich physics. Depending on one parameter in the potential we find an especially interesting regime, which exhibits a thermodynamically stable, but dynamically unstable black brane, even at zero momentum. We show this using the non-linear dynamics, and give a clear interpretation in terms of the spectrum of linearized perturbations. Our results translate directly to their dual strongly coupled non-conformal field theories.
description: 5 pages, 10 figures. v2: references, figures and discussion updated
Improved Contacts to MoS2 Transistors by Ultra-High Vacuum Metal Deposition
Creators: name: English, Chris D.
name: Shine, Gautam
name: Dorgan, Vincent E.
name: Saraswat, Krishna C.
name: Pop, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scaling of transistors to sub-10 nm dimensions is strongly limited by their contact resistance (Rc). Here we present a systematic study of scaling MoS2 devices and contacts with varying electrode metals and controlled deposition conditions, over a wide range of temperatures (80 to 500 K), carrier densities (10^12 to 10^13 1/cm^2), and contact dimensions (20 to 500 nm). We uncover that Au deposited in ultra-high vacuum (~10^-9 Torr) yields three times lower Rc than under normal conditions, reaching 740 Ohm-um and specific contact resistivity 3x10^-7 Ohm.cm2, stable for over four months. Modeling reveals separate Rc contributions from the Schottky barrier and the series access resistance, providing key insights on how to further improve scaling of MoS2 contacts and transistor dimensions. The contact transfer length is ~35 nm at 300 K, which is verified experimentally using devices with 20 nm contacts and 70 nm contact pitch (CP), equivalent to the "14 nm" technology node.
title: Die Bedeutung des 25-OH Vitamin D Spiegels bei alterstraumatologischen Patienten
Creators: name: Thomasser, Nicole
name: Mehaffey, Stefan
name: Stumpf, Ulla
name: Schieker, Matthias
name: Kammerlander, Christian
name: Böcker, Wolfgang
name: Neuerburg, Carl
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Alterstraumatologie
subject: Vitamin D
subject: hüftgelenknahe Fraktur
subject: distale Radiusfraktur
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Fragestellung: Fragilitätsfrakturen älterer Patienten nach einem Bagatelltrauma entstehen häufig auf dem Boden einer veränderten Kalziumhomöostase etwa im Rahmen eines 25-OH-Vitamin D Mangels und konsekutivem Ungleichgewicht des Knochenmetabolismus. Während die distale [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2016)
Magnetic field effects on edge and bulk states in topological insulators based on HgTe/CdHgTe quantum wells with strong natural interface inversion asymmetry
Creators: name: Durnev, M. V.
name: Tarasenko, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of the electron structure and the Zeeman effect for the helical edge states emerging in two-dimensional topological insulators based on HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells with strong natural interface inversion asymmetry. The interface inversion asymmetry, reflecting the real atomistic structure of the quantum well, drastically modifies both bulk and edge states. For the in-plane magnetic field, this asymmetry leads to a strong anisotropy of the edge-state effective $g$-factor which becomes dependent on the edge orientation. The interface inversion asymmetry also couples the counter propagating edge states in the out-of-plane magnetic field leading to the opening of the gap in the edge-state spectrum by arbitrary small fields.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Artin Twin Primes
Creators: name: Tinková, Magdaléna
name: Waxman, Ezra
name: Zindulka, Mikuláš
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N05

description: We say that a prime number $p$ is an $\textit{Artin prime}$ for $g$ if $g$ mod $p$ generates the group $(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^{\times}$. For appropriately chosen integers $d$ and $g$, we present a conjecture for the asymptotic number $π_{d,g}(x)$ of primes $p \leq x$ such that both $p$ and $p+d$ are Artin primes for $g$. In particular, we identify a class of pairs $(d,g)$ for which $π_{d,g}(x) =0$. Our results suggest that the distribution of Artin prime pairs, amongst the ordinary prime pairs, is largely governed by a Poisson binomial distribution.
description: 29 pages; Revised version. Appendix with relevant Mathematica code included. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Number Theory
title: Fertigungsstufen-basiertes Gestaltungsmodell für mechanische Bauteile
title: Manufacturing Stage-Based Design Model for Mechanical Components
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Herrmann, Kevin
name: Brockmöller, Tim
name: Gembarski, Paul Christoph
name: Mozgova, Iryna
name: Lachmayer, Roland
Publisher: name: Stuttgart : Fraunhofer-Institut für Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation IAO
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Knowledge Based Engineering
subject: Design for Manufacturing
subject: Process Chain
subject: Manufacturability Assessment
subject: Fertigungsstufen-basiertes Gestaltungsmodell
subject: Fertigungsgerechte Gestaltung
subject: Tailored Forming
subject: Parametrische Modellierung
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::650 | Management
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Durch fertigungsbedingte Restriktionen wird der Gestaltungsraum von mechanischen Bauteilen während der Produktentwicklung eingeschränkt. Die Einschränkungen sind in der Regel nicht vollständig bekannt und können daher nicht in vollem Umfang bei der Bauteilgestaltung berücksichtigt werden. Das betrifft insbesondere prozessübergreifende Fertigungsrestriktionen, die bei der Aneinanderreihung von mehreren Fertigungsschritten entstehen. Dieser Beitrag schlägt einen Fertigungsstufen-basierten Gestaltungsansatz vor, um das Wissen für ein herstellungsgerechtes Bauteil möglichst früh im Produktentwicklungsprozess zur Verfügung zu stellen. Grundlage dieses Gestaltungsansatzes sind Transfermodelle, welche Fertigungsprozessketten entgegen der späteren Prozessrichtung beschreiben. Dabei werden schrittweise zwischengelagerte Fertigungsstufen abgeleitet und deren Herstellbarkeit mit Hilfe geeigneter Kontrollmechanismen evaluiert.
Neutron decay into a Dark Sector via Leptoquarks
Creators: name: Khatibi, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we extend the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector with scalar leptoquarks (LQ) as a portal to the dark sector to resolve some observational anomalies simultaneously. We introduce LQ coupling to scalar dark matter (DM) to suggest an exotic decay channel for the neutron into scalar DM and an SM anti-neutrino. If the branching ratio of this new neutron decay channel is $1\%$, a long-standing discrepancy in the measured neutron lifetime between two different experimental methods, bottle and beam experiments, can be solved. The mass of the scalar DM produced from neutron decay should be in a narrow range and as a result, its production in the early universe is challenging. We discuss that the freeze-in mechanism can produce this scalar DM in the early universe with the correct relic abundance. Then we show that the model can explain other SM anomalies like the muon $(g-2)$, and $R_{D^{(*)}}$ anomaly simultaneously.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
Signatures of Gravitational Instability in Resolved Images of Protostellar Disks
Creators: name: Dong, Ruobing
name: Vorobyov, Eduard
name: Pavlyuchenkov, Yaroslav
name: Chiang, Eugene
name: Liu, Hauyu Baobab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protostellar (class 0/I) disks, having masses comparable to those of their nascent host stars, and fed continuously from their natal infalling envelopes, are prone to gravitational instability (GI). Motivated by advances in near-infrared (NIR) adaptive optics imaging and mm-wave interferometry, we explore the observational signatures of GI in disks, using hydrodynamical and Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations to synthesize NIR scattered light images and mm dust continuum maps. Spiral arms induced by GI, located at disk radii of hundreds of AUs, are local overdensities and have their photospheres displaced to higher altitudes above the disk midplane, arms therefore scatter more NIR light from their central stars than inter-arm regions, and are detectable at distances up to 1 kpc by Gemini/GPI, VLT/SPHERE, and Subaru/HiCIAO/SCExAO. By contrast, collapsed clumps formed by disk fragmentation have such strong local gravitational fields that their scattering photospheres are at lower altitudes, such fragments appear fainter than their surroundings in NIR scattered light. Spiral arms and streamers recently imaged in four FU Ori systems at NIR wavelengths resemble GI-induced structures and support the interpretation that FUors are gravitationally unstable protostellar disks. At mm wavelengths, both spirals and clumps appear brighter in thermal emission than the ambient disk and can be detected by ALMA at distances up to 0.4 kpc with one-hour integration times at ~0.1 arcsec resolution. Collapsed fragments having masses >=1 MJ can be detected by ALMA within ~10 minutes.
description: ApJ accepted
title: An ETI Perspective - Tools for Future Energy Systems
Creators: name: ETI
Publisher: name: ETI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Smart Systems and Heat
subject: OTHER CROSS-CUTTING TECHNOLOGIES or RESEARCH (Energy system analysis)

description: Modern IT systems combine a number of simple elements to produce a revolutionary outcome:Low cost sensors that enable many things to be measured – for example all the information that cars now have available.Communications infrastructure that enables data to be transported almost anywhere on the planet.Relatively low cost storage and processing power that is scalable, so you mostly only pay for what you need.Software tools that enable data to be transformed to produce information and insight that can be displayed in a way that people can easily grasp.Social and business ecosystems that set expectations and enable us to share and transact without relying on a single point of control.Rating sites such as TripAdvisor, blogs, PayPal and social media channels all provide social and commercial models that increase individual knowledge and empowerment.These elements have only just started to penetrate energy, which has been held back significantly by the current governance structures. Energy presents similar challenges to those of finance where changes which should benefit consumers come with new risks. However, giving people more freedom in how they buy and use energy should carry less risk than giving them freedoms over their pensions and other investments.
Stable cosmologies with collisionless charged matter
Creators: name: Barzegar, Hamed
name: Fajman, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53Z05, 83C05, 35Q75

description: It is shown that Milne models (a subclass of FLRW spacetimes with negative spatial curvature) are nonlinearly stable in the set of solutions to the Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system, describing universes with ensembles of collisionless self-gravitating, charged particles. The system contains various slowly decaying borderline terms in the mutually coupled equations describing the propagation of particles and Maxwell fields. The effects of those terms are controlled using a suitable hierarchy based on the energy density of the matter fields.
description: minor typos corrected
Phase-plane analysis of the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with binding kinetics and switching between antiparallel lanes
Creators: name: Kuan, Hui-Shun
name: Betterton, Meredith D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Motor protein motion on biopolymers can be described by models related to the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). Inspired by experiments on the motion of kinesin-4 motors on antiparallel microtubule overlaps, we analyze a model incorporating the TASEP on two antiparallel lanes with binding kinetics and lane switching. We determine the steady-state motor density profiles using phase plane analysis of the steady-state mean field equations and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. We focus on the the density-density phase plane, where we find an analytic solution to the mean-field model. By studying the phase space flows, we determine the model's fixed points and their changes with parameters. Phases previously identified for the single-lane model occur for low switching rate between lanes. We predict a new multiple coexistence phase due to additional fixed points that appear as the switching rate increases: switching moves motors from the higher-density to the lower-density lane, causing local jamming and creating multiple domain walls. We determine the phase diagram of the model for both symmetric and general boundary conditions.
Argumentace reformátorů českého pravopisu v letech 1780–1850.
Creators: name: Berger, Tilman
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Linguistik , Slawistik

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Der Beitrag erschien in: Dějiny českého pravopisu (do r. 1902). Sborník příspěvků z mezinárodní konference 23.–25. září 2010, Brno, Česká republika (Hrsg. Michaela Čornejová, Lucie Rychnovská und Jana Zemanová), Praha 2010, 343-359.
Beck, Andreas J., Gisbertus Voetius (1589-1676)
Creators: name: Bok, Nico Den
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1823350836
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 23 (2009): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 23
A Modular Quantum Compilation Framework for Distributed Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Ferrari, Davide
name: Carretta, Stefano
name: Amoretti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For most practical applications, quantum algorithms require large resources in terms of qubit number, much larger than those available with current NISQ processors. With the network and communication functionalities provided by the Quantum Internet, Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) is considered as a scalable approach for increasing the number of available qubits for computational tasks. For DQC to be effective and efficient, a quantum compiler must find the best partitioning for the quantum algorithm and then perform smart remote operation scheduling to optimize EPR pair consumption. At the same time, the quantum compiler should also find the best local transformation for each partition. In this paper we present a modular quantum compilation framework for DQC that takes into account both network and device constraints and characteristics. We implemented and tested a quantum compiler based on the proposed framework with some circuits of interest, such as the VQE and QFT ones, considering different network topologies, with quantum processors characterized by heavy hexagon coupling maps. We also devised a strategy for remote scheduling that can exploit both TeleGate and TeleData operations and tested the impact of using either only TeleGates or both. The evaluation results show that TeleData operations may have a positive impact on the number of consumed EPR pairs, while choosing a more connected network topology helps reduce the number of layers dedicated to remote operations.
Excerpts form Project Documentation Group 23
Creators: name: Breggeman, Floris
name: Dulfer, Rafael
name: Wackerle, Manual
name: Willemsen, Ben
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Excerpts from the report of the University of Twente's Module 7 - Discrete Structures and Efficient Algorithms, for context of the AOEU report 10.5281/zenodo.3911824
Multi-source Pseudo-label Learning of Semantic Segmentation for the Scene Recognition of Agricultural Mobile Robots
Creators: name: Matsuzaki, Shigemichi
name: Miura, Jun
name: Masuzawa, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes a novel method of training a semantic segmentation model for scene recognition of agricultural mobile robots exploiting publicly available datasets of outdoor scenes that are different from the target greenhouse environments. Semantic segmentation models require abundant labels given by tedious manual annotation. A method to work around it is unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) that transfers knowledge from labeled source datasets to unlabeled target datasets. However, the effectiveness of existing methods is not well studied in adaptation between heterogeneous environments, such as urban scenes and greenhouses. In this paper, we propose a method to train a semantic segmentation model for greenhouse images without manually labeled datasets of greenhouse images. The core of our idea is to use multiple rich image datasets of different environments with segmentation labels to generate pseudo-labels for the target images to effectively transfer the knowledge from multiple sources and realize a precise training of semantic segmentation. Along with the pseudo-label generation, we introduce state-of-the-art methods to deal with noise in the pseudo-labels to further improve the performance. We demonstrate in experiments with multiple greenhouse datasets that our proposed method improves the performance compared to the single-source baselines and an existing approach.
description: Published in Advanced Robotics
MilliKelvin microwave impedance microscopy in a dry dilution refrigerator
Creators: name: Cao, Leonard Weihao
name: Wu, Chen
name: Bhattacharyya, Rajarshi
name: Zhang, Ruolun
name: Allen, Monica T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave impedance microscopy (MIM) is a near-field imaging technique that has been used to visualize the local conductivity of materials with nanoscale resolution across the GHz regime. In recent years, MIM has shown great promise for the investigation of topological states of matter, correlated electronic states and emergent phenomena in quantum materials. To explore these low-energy phenomena, many of which are only detectable in the milliKelvin regime, we have developed a novel low-temperature MIM incorporated into a dilution refrigerator. This setup which consists of a tuning-fork-based atomic force microscope with microwave reflectometry capabilities, is capable of reaching temperatures down to 70 mK during imaging and magnetic fields up to 9 T. To test the performance of this microscope, we demonstrate microwave imaging of the conductivity contrast between graphite and silicon dioxide at cryogenic temperatures and discuss the resolution and noise observed in these results. We extend this methodology to visualize edge conduction in Dirac semimetal cadmium arsenide in the quantum Hall regime
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Review of Scientific Instruments and may be found at doi.org/10.1063/5.0159548
ELIXIR-CONVERGE D4.3 Review of effectiveness of the Node Impact Assessment Toolkit
Creators: name: Martin, Corinne
name: De Ruyck, Kim
name: Portugal Melo, Ana
name: Stansberg, Christine
name: Alloza, Eva
name: Anton, Mihail
name: Balsyte, Erika
name: Barlow, Mary
name: Bruno, Chiara
name: Ben-Avraham, Danny
name: Battistella, Diana
name: Blomberg, Niklas
name: Chasapi, Anastasia
name: Cook, Martin
name: Dangles, Marie
name: De Freitas, Mariana
name: Delva, Emily
name: Dubar, Elsa
name: De Leo, Francesca
name: Farrell, Gavin
name: Ferk, Polonca
name: van Gelder, Celia
name: Gurwitz, Kim
name: Harrison, Elaine
name: Hooft, Rob
name: Jansen, Mascha
name: Knox, Catherine
name: Lauer, Kathi
name: Leskošek, Brane
name: Lindvall, Jessica
name: Maus, Irena
name: Milano, Annalisa
name: Ouzounis, Christos
name: Pérez Sitjà, Xènia
name: Törnroos, Johanna
name: Tseng, Zippy
name: Ruch, Patrick
name: Saenz, Angela
name: Schnitzer, Helena
name: Smith, Andrew
name: Sousoni, Despoina
name: Strachotova, Anna
name: Vergoulis, Thanasis
name: Witham, Rick
name: Wong, Nichola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ELIXIR-CONVERGE
ELIXIR
Impact assessment
Impact
Training

description: An Impact Toolkit was created to support performance and impact evaluation in ELIXIR. The intended audience of this Toolkit is operators, developers and managers wishing to demonstrate and communicate the performance, impact, and ultimately public value of their research infrastructure, to their particular set of funders and stakeholders. The Impact Toolkit collates a range of impact-related materials including training materials, worked examples, factsheets, lists of indicators, key publication, case studies, and presentation slides. These materials were created and/or brought together using a bottom-up approach that tried to reflect the varied needs of Nodes in ELIXIR member countries. The main outcome from this work is an increased capacity at Node level to demonstrate and communicate public value to funders and other key stakeholders, thereby contributing to long-term sustainability of Node-led activities.
Suppression of spinodal instability by disorder in an athermal system
Creators: name: Bar, Tapas
name: Ghosh, Arup
name: Banerjee, Anurag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We observed asymmetric critical slowing down and asymmetric dynamical scaling exponent in the superheating and supercooling kinetic processes during the thermally-induced metal-insulator transition of MnNiSn based heusler alloy. During the transition to the insulator phase, the critical-like features get enhanced compared to the transition back to the metal phase. These experimental findings suggest that the metastable phase in the cooling branch of hysteresis has approached close to the spinodal instability. On the other hand, the extended disorder, generated over and above the intrinsic crystal defects during heating, triggers the excess heterogeneous nucleation before reaching the spinodal point. Zero temperature random field Ising model (ZTRFIM) simulation, inscribed for the athermal martensitic transitions, support the argument that the disorder smears the spinodal instabilities as the correlation length is bounded by the average distance between the disorder points.
description: 12 pages, 16 figures
Detecting Operational Adversarial Examples for Reliable Deep Learning
Creators: name: Zhao, Xingyu
name: Huang, Wei
name: Schewe, Sven
name: Dong, Yi
name: Huang, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The utilisation of Deep Learning (DL) raises new challenges regarding its dependability in critical applications. Sound verification and validation methods are needed to assure the safe and reliable use of DL. However, state-of-the-art debug testing methods on DL that aim at detecting adversarial examples (AEs) ignore the operational profile, which statistically depicts the software's future operational use. This may lead to very modest effectiveness on improving the software's delivered reliability, as the testing budget is likely to be wasted on detecting AEs that are unrealistic or encountered very rarely in real-life operation. In this paper, we first present the novel notion of "operational AEs" which are AEs that have relatively high chance to be seen in future operation. Then an initial design of a new DL testing method to efficiently detect "operational AEs" is provided, as well as some insights on our prospective research plan.
description: Preprint accepted by the fast abstract track of DSN'21
ELIXIR-CONVERGE D2.2 Report on the ready-to-use training materials for usage and rolling-out in Task 2.3
Creators: name: van Gelder, Celia
name: Leskošek, Brane
name: Cardona, Alexia
name: Palagi, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ELIXIR-CONVERGE
ELIXIR
Data Management
Training
TeSS
RDMKit
Research Data Management
RDM

description: Research data Management (RDM, also used interchangeably with Data Management/Data Stewardship, abbreviated as DM/DS) is central to the implementation of the FAIR (Findable Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) and Open Science principles. Recognising the importance of RDM, the ELIXIR-CONVERGE project was launched in 2020 and included a work package on Training & Capacity Building in Data Stewardship, in which 21 Nodes participated. The aim of WP2 is to build a comprehensive, interconnected and sustainable RDM Training Portfolio across all Nodes, and to increase the DM/DS training expertise and capacity in ELIXIR Nodes. This is accomplished by unlocking the expertise in the ELIXIR Nodes, and building on and aligning with their national needs and strategies towards RDM Training. In the project period (Feb 2020 - June 2023) training materials were developed, belonging to 133 training events, which were organised by 18 Nodes and served 4226 participants. In this deliverable an overview is presented of the developed training materials and other supporting training-related activities during the project period. The project started with a training gap analysis (D2.1), with the aim to understand the demand of topics that are needed for development across the Nodes. This yielded four priority topics: Data Management Plans (DMPs), FAIR, Reproducibility and General DM/DS. Nodes contributed to the development of materials for the topic(s) of their choice and need. In addition training-related activities were performed in collaboration with WP5 (Demonstrators), WP3 (related to RDMkit) and the ELIXIR Training Platform (related to TeSS, Learning Paths and Train-the-Trainer). Finally, training-related activities were undertaken in the two WP2 Uplift projects: CoP (Community of Practice) and ELITMa (ELIXIR Training in Management). With WP1, there was a strong collaboration with the WP1 data managers network to strengthen implementation of training efforts in the Nodes and with the dedicated WP1 training group. To support all these activities groundwork has been done related to identifying common vocabularies to annotate the training products properly, to register and annotate WP2 outcomes in TeSS, to establish training links between TeSS and RDMkit, and to establish the Your Role pages in RDMkit, based on the ELIXIR/NPOS data stewardship competency framework. Going forward the outputs of CONVERGE WP2 will be embedded and sustained in the ELIXIR Training Platform, coordinated by the ELIXIR RDM Trainer Network, which is an integral part of the new ELIXIR RDM Community.
Assessment of a non-conservative four-equation multiphase system with phase transition
Creators: name: Bacigaluppi, Paola
name: Carlier, Julien
name: Pelanti, Marica
name: Congedo, Pietro Marco
name: Abgrall, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work focuses on the formulation of a four-equation model for simulating unsteady two-phase mixtures with phase transition and strong discontinuities. The main assumption consists in a homogeneous temperature, pressure and velocity fields between the two phases. Specifically, we present the extension of a residual distribution scheme to solve a four-equation two-phase system with phase transition written in a non-conservative form, i.e. in terms of internal energy instead of the classical total energy approach. This non-conservative formulation allows avoiding the classical oscillations obtained by many approaches, that might appear for the pressure profile across contact discontinuities. The proposed method relies on a Finite Element based Residual Distribution scheme which is designed for an explicit second-order time stepping. We test the non-conservative Residual Distribution scheme on several benchmark problems and assess the results via a cross-validation with the approximated solution obtained via a conservative approach, based on a HLLC scheme. Furthermore, we check both methods for mesh convergence and show the effective robustness on very severe test cases, that involve both problems with and without phase transition.
3-facial edge-coloring of plane graphs
Creators: name: Horňák, Mirko
name: Lužar, Borut
name: Štorgel, Kenny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C15 (Primary) 05C10 (Secondary)

description: An $\ell$-facial edge-coloring of a plane graph is a coloring of its edges such that any two edges at distance at most $\ell$ on a boundary walk of any face receive distinct colors. It is the edge-coloring variant of the $\ell$-facial vertex coloring, which arose as a generalization of the well-known cyclic coloring. It is conjectured that at most $3\ell + 1$ colors suffice for an $\ell$-facial edge-coloring of any plane graph. The conjecture has only been confirmed for $\ell \le 2$, and in this paper, we prove its validity for $\ell = 3$.
Functional renormalization group for multilinear disordered Langevin dynamics I: Formalism and first numerical investigations at equilibrium
Creators: name: Lahoche, Vincent
name: Samary, Dine Ousmane
name: Ouerfelli, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper aims at using the functional renormalization group formalism to study the equilibrium states of a stochastic process described by a quench--disordered multilinear Langevin equation. Such an equation characterizes the evolution of a time-dependent $N$-vector $q(t)=\{q_1(t),\cdots q_N(t)\}$ and is traditionally encountered in the dynamical description of glassy systems at and out of equilibrium through the so-called Glauber model. From the connection between Langevin dynamics and quantum mechanics in imaginary time, we are able to coarse-grain the path integral of the problem in the Fourier modes, and to construct a renormalization group flow for effective Euclidean action. In the large $N$-limit we are able to solve the flow equations for both matrix and tensor disorder. The numerical solutions of the resulting exact flow equations are then investigated using standard local potential approximation, taking into account the quench disorder. In the case where the interaction is taken to be matricial, for finite $N$ the flow equations are also solved. However, the case of finite $N$ and taking into account the non-equilibrum process will be considered in a companion investigation.
description: 60 pages, 14 figures
OpenViVQA: Task, Dataset, and Multimodal Fusion Models for Visual Question Answering in Vietnamese
Creators: name: Nguyen, Nghia Hieu
name: Vo, Duong T. D.
name: Van Nguyen, Kiet
name: Nguyen, Ngan Luu-Thuy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, visual question answering (VQA) has attracted attention from the research community because of its highly potential applications (such as virtual assistance on intelligent cars, assistant devices for blind people, or information retrieval from document images using natural language as queries) and challenge. The VQA task requires methods that have the ability to fuse the information from questions and images to produce appropriate answers. Neural visual question answering models have achieved tremendous growth on large-scale datasets which are mostly for resource-rich languages such as English. However, available datasets narrow the VQA task as the answers selection task or answer classification task. We argue that this form of VQA is far from human ability and eliminates the challenge of the answering aspect in the VQA task by just selecting answers rather than generating them. In this paper, we introduce the OpenViVQA (Open-domain Vietnamese Visual Question Answering) dataset, the first large-scale dataset for VQA with open-ended answers in Vietnamese, consists of 11,000+ images associated with 37,000+ question-answer pairs (QAs). Moreover, we proposed FST, QuMLAG, and MLPAG which fuse information from images and answers, then use these fused features to construct answers as humans iteratively. Our proposed methods achieve results that are competitive with SOTA models such as SAAA, MCAN, LORA, and M4C. The dataset is available to encourage the research community to develop more generalized algorithms including transformers for low-resource languages such as Vietnamese.
description: submitted to Elsevier
Superhorizon magnetic fields
Creators: name: Campanelli, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We analyze the evolution of superhorizon-scale magnetic fields from the end of inflation till today. Whatever is the mechanism responsible for their generation during inflation, we find that a given magnetic mode with wavenumber $k$ evolves, after inflation, according to the values of $kη_e$, $n_{\mathbf{k}}$, and $Ω_k$, where $η_e$ is the conformal time at the end of inflation, $n_{\mathbf{k}}$ is the number density spectrum of inflation-produced photons, and $Ω_k$ is the phase difference between the two Bogolubov coefficients which characterize the state of that mode at the end of inflation. For any realistic inflationary magnetogenesis scenario, we find that $n_{\mathbf{k}}^{-1} \ll |kη_e| \ll 1$, and three evolutionary scenarios are possible: ($i$) $|Ω_k \mp π| = \mathcal{O}(1)$, in which case the evolution of the magnetic spectrum $B_k(η)$ is adiabatic, $a^2B_k(η) = \mbox{const}$, with $a$ being the expansion parameter; ($ii$) $|Ω_k \mp π| \ll |kη_e|$, in which case the evolution is superadiabatic, $a^2B_k(η) \propto η$; ($iii$) $|kη_e| \ll |Ω_k \mp π| \ll 1$ or $|kη_e| \sim |Ω_k \mp π| \ll 1$, in which case an early phase of adiabatic evolution is followed, after a time $η_\star \sim |Ω_k \mp π|/k$, by a superadiabatic evolution. Once a given mode reenters the horizon, it remains frozen into the plasma and then evolves adiabatically till today. As a corollary of our results, we find that inflation-generated magnetic fields evolve adiabatically on all scales and for all times in conformal-invariant free Maxwell theory, while they evolve superadiabatically after inflation on superhorizon scales in the non-conformal-invariant Ratra model. The latter result supports our recent claim that the Ratra model can account for the presence of cosmic magnetic fields.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, typo corrected in Eq. (57), to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Daily Bi-directional effects of women’s social media-based appearance comparisons, body satisfaction, and disordered eating urges
Creators: name: Portingale, Jade
name: Girardin, Simone
name: Liu, Shanshan
name: Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
name: Krug, Isabel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cardiology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Electrical control of orbital and vibrational interlayer coupling in bi- and trilayer 2H-MoS$_2$
Creators: name: Klein, Julian
name: Wierzbowski, Jakob
name: Soubelet, Pedro
name: Brumme, Thomas
name: Maschio, Lorenzo
name: Kuc, Agnieszka
name: Müller, Kai
name: Stier, Andreas V.
name: Finley, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating electronic interlayer coupling in layered van der Waals (vdW) materials is essential for designing opto-electronic devices. Here, we control vibrational and electronic interlayer coupling in bi- and trilayer 2H-MoS$_2$ using large external electric fields in a micro-capacitor device. The electric field lifts Raman selection rules and activates phonon modes in excellent agreement with ab-initio calculations. Through polarization resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy in the same device, we observe a strongly tunable valley dichroism with maximum circular polarization degree of $\sim 60\%$ in bilayer and $\sim 35\%$ in trilayer MoS$_2$ that are fully consistent with a rate equation model which includes input from electronic band structure calculations. We identify the highly delocalized electron wave function between the layers close to the high symmetry $Q$ points as the origin of the tunable circular dichroism. Our results demonstrate the possibility of electric field tunable interlayer coupling for controlling emergent spin-valley physics and hybridization driven effects in vdW materials and their heterostructures.
description: Main manuscript: 10 pages, 4 figures ; Supplemental material: 14 pages, 9 figures
ELIXIR-CONVERGE D2.5 Report on the outreach activities and training activities produced
Creators: name: Palagi, Patricia
name: Cardona, Alexia
name: Van Gelder, Celia
name: Leskošek, Brane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ELIXIR-CONVERGE
ELIXIR
Data Management
Training
TeSS
Data Management Plan
DMP

description: The scope of deliverable D2.5, part of ELIXIR-CONVERGE WP2 Task 2.4, is to provide an overview of the data management and stewardship related training and outreach activities that have been undertaken during the ELIXIR-CONVERGE project. ELIXIR-CONVERGE aimed to enhance Europe's data management capacity through an extensive training program implemented across the European Research Area. When ELIXIR-CONVERGE was initiated, there was a significant gap in research data management (RDM) and the need to advocate for their effective application. ELIXIR had almost 22 Nodes and had attracted interest from various European and non-European countries. Additionally, ELIXIR had expanded its Communities from four to sixteen. To assist these countries and Communities in adopting best practices in data management from the outset, a range of outreach activities were developed, and are described in this report. These activities aimed to disseminate information on data management plans (DMPs), their applications, and best practices. The target audiences identified included principal investigators, university libraries, national and local research data management communities, bioinformatics core facilities, industry stakeholders, funders, and policymakers. The objectives of Task 6.4 were to raise awareness about the importance of DMPs and to strengthen connections between ELIXIR and expert networks, and key partners such as ESFRI RI and EOSC. All these activities focused on three primary categories of stakeholders: 1) prospective countries interested in joining ELIXIR, 2) ELIXIR Communities, and 3) national and local research data management networks. By targeting these prioritised stakeholders individually or in groups, ELIXIR-CONVERGE aimed to effectively address data management challenges and foster collaboration and knowledge sharing in key DM areas. Distinguishing between training and dissemination activities can sometimes be challenging, as overlaps or blurred boundaries between both may exist. In the context of ELIXIR-CONVERGE, we defined training as any event that enables participants to learn something new or improve their skills. Training activities, which thus complement the outreach activities, were also conducted in prospective ELIXIR Member countries and for new Communities, not only to build capacity and engagement but also to expand outreach efforts, and ensure that the project outputs are visible, useful and hence impactful. These activities are reported in the companion deliverable 2.2.
PyPanda: a Python Package for Gene Regulatory Network Reconstruction
Creators: name: van IJzendoorn, David G. P.
name: Glass, Kimberly
name: Quackenbush, John
name: Kuijjer, Marieke L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: PANDA (Passing Attributes between Networks for Data Assimilation) is a gene regulatory network inference method that uses message-passing to integrate multiple sources of 'omics data. PANDA was originally coded in C++. In this application note we describe PyPanda, the Python version of PANDA. PyPanda runs considerably faster than the C++ version and includes additional features for network analysis. Availability: The open source PyPanda Python package is freely available at https://github.com/davidvi/pypanda. Contact: d.g.p.van ijzendoorn@lumc.nl
description: 3 pages, 1 figure; version after Bioinformatics proofs