cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Binomial coefficient-harmonic sum identities associated to supercongruences
Creators: name: McCarthy, Dermot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish two binomial coefficient--generalized harmonic sum identities using the partial fraction decomposition method. These identities are a key ingredient in the proofs of numerous supercongruences. In particular, in other works of the author, they are used to establish modulo $p^k$ ($k>1$) congruences between truncated generalized hypergeometric series, and a function which extends Greene's hypergeometric function over finite fields to the $p$-adic setting. A specialization of one of these congruences is used to prove an outstanding conjecture of Rodriguez-Villegas which relates a truncated generalized hypergeometric series to the $p$-th Fourier coefficient of a particular modular form.
AVX Timing Side-Channel Attacks against Address Space Layout Randomization
Creators: name: Choi, Hyunwoo
name: Kim, Suryeon
name: Shin, Seungwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern x86 processors support an AVX instruction set to boost performance. However, this extension may cause security issues. We discovered that there are vulnerable properties in implementing masked load/store instructions. Based on this, we present a novel AVX timing side-channel attack that can defeat address space layout randomization. We demonstrate the significance of our attack by showing User and Kernel ASLR breaks on the recent Intel and AMD processors in various environments, including cloud computing systems, an SGX enclave (a fine-grained ASLR break), and major operating systems. We further demonstrate that our attack can be used to infer user behavior, such as Bluetooth events and mouse movements. We highlight that stronger isolation or more fine-grained randomization should be adopted to successfully mitigate our presented attacks.
description: Accepted to Design Automation Conference (DAC) 2023
Learning To Rank Resources with GNN
Creators: name: Ergashev, Ulugbek
name: Dragut, Eduard C.
name: Meng, Weiyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the content on the Internet continues to grow, many new dynamically changing and heterogeneous sources of data constantly emerge. A conventional search engine cannot crawl and index at the same pace as the expansion of the Internet. Moreover, a large portion of the data on the Internet is not accessible to traditional search engines. Distributed Information Retrieval (DIR) is a viable solution to this as it integrates multiple shards (resources) and provides a unified access to them. Resource selection is a key component of DIR systems. There is a rich body of literature on resource selection approaches for DIR. A key limitation of the existing approaches is that they primarily use term-based statistical features and do not generally model resource-query and resource-resource relationships. In this paper, we propose a graph neural network (GNN) based approach to learning-to-rank that is capable of modeling resource-query and resource-resource relationships. Specifically, we utilize a pre-trained language model (PTLM) to obtain semantic information from queries and resources. Then, we explicitly build a heterogeneous graph to preserve structural information of query-resource relationships and employ GNN to extract structural information. In addition, the heterogeneous graph is enriched with resource-resource type of edges to further enhance the ranking accuracy. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show that our proposed approach is highly effective in resource selection. Our method outperforms the state-of-the-art by 6.4% to 42% on various performance metrics.
The odd nilHecke algebra and its diagrammatics
Creators: name: Ellis, Alexander P.
name: Khovanov, Mikhail
name: Lauda, Aaron D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G42, 14M15, 17B37, 16W50

description: We introduce an odd version of the nilHecke algebra and develop an odd analogue of the thick diagrammatic calculus for nilHecke algebras. We graphically describe idempotents which give a Morita equivalence between odd nilHecke algebras and the rings of odd symmetric functions in finitely many variables. Cyclotomic quotients of odd nilHecke algebras are Morita equivalent to rings which are odd analogues of the cohomology rings of Grassmannians. Like their even counterparts, odd nilHecke algebras categorify the positive half of quantum sl(2).
description: 48 pages, eps and xypic diagrams
Detection of poloidal magnetic flux emission from a plasma focus
Creators: name: Auluck, S K H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct experimental evidence for the existence of axial magnetic field both in the radial implosion phase and the pinch phase of a plasma focus has raised many questions of fundamental importance. The most fundamental of these is the fact of its existence, which is incomprehensible in terms of a conventional view of plasma physics. The plasma is known to have an axis of symmetry in the radial implosion phase. The axial magnetic field has a defined polarity with respect to the axis. Since the equations of magnetohydrodynamics are unchanged by flipping the sign of the axial coordinate, the polarity of the axial magnetic field must arise from the initial conditions. Exactly how the initial conditions determine the polarity of the axial magnetic field is not clear. More data are needed to guide theoretical developments of this question. There are several technical problems with the conventional techniques of axial magnetic field measurement such as magnetic probes and Faraday rotation measurement. The combined effect of theoretical and experimental difficulties is that researchers avoid research related to the axial magnetic field in axisymmetric plasmas in favour of more result-oriented projects, with the unfortunate consequence that questions related to the presence of axial magnetic field in axially symmetric plasmas remain unresolved. In order to promote research related to the questions related to the axial magnetic field in the plasma focus and other plasmas with an axial symmetry, this paper introduces a new technique that skirts the technical difficulties of measurement by redefining the objectives and scope of measurement. The paper is written in a tutorial format for the benefit of young researchers just beginning their research career and hence will not be published in regular journals. Peer scientists and young researchers are encouraged to contact the author directly.
Shape Dynamics in 2+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Budd, Timothy
name: Koslowski, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shape Dynamics is a formulation of General Relativity where refoliation invariance is traded for local spatial conformal invariance. In this paper we explicitly construct Shape Dynamics for a torus universe in 2+1 dimensions through a linking gauge theory that ensures dynamical equivalence with General Relativity. The Hamiltonian we obtain is formally a reduced phase space Hamiltonian. The construction of the Shape Dynamics Hamiltonian on higher genus surfaces is not explicitly possible, but we give an explicit expansion of the Shape Dynamics Hamiltonian for large CMC volume. The fact that all local constraints are linear in momenta allows us to quantize these explicitly, and the quantization problem for Shape Dynamics turns out to be equivalent to reduced phase space quantization. We consider the large CMC-volume asymptotics of conformal transformations of the wave function. We then use the similarity of Shape Dynamics on the 2-torus with the explicitly constructible strong gravity (BKL) Shape Dynamics Hamiltonian in higher dimensions to suggest a quantization strategy for Shape Dynamics.
description: 15 pages, LaTeX, no figures
On the ages of bright galaxies $\sim 500$ Myr after the Big Bang: insights into star formation activity at $z \gtrsim 15$ with JWST
Creators: name: Whitler, Lily
name: Endsley, Ryan
name: Stark, Daniel P.
name: Topping, Michael
name: Chen, Zuyi
name: Charlot, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With JWST, new opportunities to study the evolution of galaxies in the early Universe are emerging. Spitzer constraints on rest-optical properties of $z\gtrsim7$ galaxies demonstrated the power of using galaxy stellar masses and star formation histories (SFHs) to indirectly infer the cosmic star formation history. However, only the brightest individual $z\gtrsim8$ objects could be detected with Spitzer, making it difficult to robustly constrain activity at $z\gtrsim10$. Here, we leverage the greatly improved rest-optical sensitivity of JWST at $z\gtrsim8$ to constrain the ages of seven UV-bright ($M_{UV}\lesssim-19.5$) galaxies selected to lie at $z\sim8.5-11$, then investigate implications for $z\gtrsim15$ star formation. We infer the properties of individual objects with two spectral energy distribution modelling codes, then infer a distribution of ages for bright $z\sim8.5-11$ galaxies. We find a median age of $\sim20$ Myr, younger than that inferred at $z\sim7$ with a similar analysis, consistent with an evolution towards larger specific star formation rates at early times. The age distribution suggests that only $\sim3$ percent of bright $z\sim8.5-11$ galaxies would be similarly luminous at $z\gtrsim15$, implying that the number density of bright galaxies declines by at least an order of magnitude between $z\sim8.5-11$ and $z\sim15$. This evolution is challenging to reconcile with some early JWST results suggesting the abundance of bright galaxies does not significantly decrease towards very early times, but we suggest this tension may be eased if young stellar populations form on top of older stellar components, or if bright $z\sim15$ galaxies are observed during a burst of star formation.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 1 appendix, accepted to MNRAS
Extending Gaussian hypergeometric series to the $p$-adic setting
Creators: name: McCarthy, Dermot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a function which extends Gaussian hypergeometric series to the $p$-adic setting. This new function allows results involving Gaussian hypergeometric series to be extended to a wider class of primes. We demonstrate this by providing various congruences between the function and truncated classical hypergeometric series. These congruences provide a framework for proving the supercongruence conjectures of Rodriguez-Villegas.
description: Int. J. Number Theory, accepted for publication
Single Top Results by ATLAS and CMS
Creators: name: Haefner, Petra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak production of top quarks, the so-called single top production, is interesting both in the context of measurements of the Standard Model of Particle Physics as well as searches for new phenomena beyond that. Analyses based on data taken in 2010 and 2011 by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC proton-proton collider will be presented. Different production channels, including t-channel, s-channel, and associated W boson production, have been addressed using datasets of up to 2.1 fb^-1. A first search for Flavour Changing Neutral Currents has been performed as well.
description: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 4 pages, 8 figures
Dynamics of a driven open double two-level system and its entanglement generation
Creators: name: Ma, W.
name: Huang, X. L.
name: Wu, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of the driven open double two-level system by deriving a driven Markovian master equation based on the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory. The transitions induced by coupling to the heat reservoir occur between the instantaneous eigenstates of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant. Therefore, different driving protocols associated with corresponding Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants result in different open system dynamics and symmetries. In particular, we show that since the instantaneous steady state of the driven double two-level system is one of eigenstates of the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant at ultralow reservoir temperature, the inverse engineering method based on the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariants has a good performance in rapidly preparing the quantum state of open quantum systems. As an example, a perfect entangled state is generated by means of the inverse engineering method.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures
An apparatus for in-vacuum loading of nanoparticles into an optical trap
Creators: name: Weisman, Evan
name: Galla, Chethn Krishna
name: Montoya, Cris
name: Alejandro, Eduardo
name: Lim, Jason
name: Beck, Melanie
name: Winstone, George P.
name: Grinin, Alexey
name: Eom, William
name: Geraci, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the design, construction, and operation of an apparatus utilizing a piezoelectric transducer for in-vacuum loading of nanoparticles into an optical trap for use in levitated optomechanics experiments. In contrast to commonly used nebulizer-based trap-loading methods which generate aerosolized liquid droplets containing nanoparticles, the method produces dry aerosols of both spherical and high-aspect ratio particles ranging in size by approximately two orders of mangitude. The device has been shown to generate accelerations of order $10^7$ $g$, which is sufficient to overcome stiction forces between glass nanoparticles and a glass substrate for particles as small as $170$ nm diameter. Particles with sizes ranging from $170$ nm to $\sim 10$ $μ$m have been successfully loaded into optical traps at pressures ranging from $1$ bar to $0.6$ mbar. We report the velocity distribution of the particles launched from the substrate and our results indicate promise for direct loading into ultra-high-vacuum with sufficient laser feedback cooling. This loading technique could be useful for the development of compact fieldable sensors based on optically levitated nanoparticles as well as matter-wave interference experiments with ultra-cold nano-objects which rely on multiple repeated free-fall measurements and thus require rapid trap re-loading in high vacuum conditions.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Public Opinion Survey 96121-69
Creators: name: Institute Of Communication And Research
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2024

description: Traveling abroad (12); Minister Garoufalia (1); going to the cinema (3); reading newspaper (1); British election (1); most important problem (1); living in foreign country (3); frozen food (2); eating out, meals (3); government's treatment of various groups (2); USSR (5); Khrushchev (3); Mr. P. Kostopoulos (1); China (2); listening to radio (3).
Collaborative Residual Metric Learning
Creators: name: Wei, Tianjun
name: Ma, Jianghong
name: Chow, Tommy W. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In collaborative filtering, distance metric learning has been applied to matrix factorization techniques with promising results. However, matrix factorization lacks the ability of capturing collaborative information, which has been remarked by recent works and improved by interpreting user interactions as signals. This paper aims to find out how metric learning connect to these signal-based models. By adopting a generalized distance metric, we discovered that in signal-based models, it is easier to estimate the residual of distances, which refers to the difference between the distances from a user to a target item and another item, rather than estimating the distances themselves. Further analysis also uncovers a link between the normalization strength of interaction signals and the novelty of recommendation, which has been overlooked by existing studies. Based on the above findings, we propose a novel model to learn a generalized distance user-item distance metric to capture user preference in interaction signals by modeling the residuals of distance. The proposed CoRML model is then further improved in training efficiency by a newly introduced approximated ranking weight. Extensive experiments conducted on 4 public datasets demonstrate the superior performance of CoRML compared to the state-of-the-art baselines in collaborative filtering, along with high efficiency and the ability of providing novelty-promoted recommendations, shedding new light on the study of metric learning-based recommender systems.
description: Accepted by SIGIR '23
Development and application of a hybrid MHD-kinetic model in JOREK
Creators: name: Bogaarts, T. J.
name: Hoelzl, M.
name: Huijsmans, G. T. A.
name: Wang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energetic particle (EP) driven instabilities will be of strongly increased relevance in future burning plasmas as the EP pressure will be very large compared to the thermal plasma. Understanding the interaction of EPs and bulk plasma is crucial for developing next-generation fusion devices. In this work, the JOREK MHD code is extended to allow for the simulation of EP instabilities at high EP pressures using realistic plasma and EP parameter in a full-f formulation with anisotropic pressure coupling to the bluid background. The code is first benchmarked linearly for the ITPA-TAE as well as the experiment based AUG-NLED cases, obtaining good agreement to other codes. Then, it is applied to a high energetic particle pressure discharge in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak using a realistic non-Maxwellian distribution of EPs, reproducing aspects of the experimentally observed instabilities. Non-linear applications are possible based on the implentation, but will require dedicated verification and validation left for future work.
Hydrodynamic Flow in PbPb Collisions Observed via Azimuthal Angle Correlations of Charged Hadrons
Creators: name: Appelt, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Azimuthal angle correlations of charged hadrons were measured in $\sqrt s_{NN}$ = 2.76 TeV PbPb collisions by the CMS experiment. The distributions exhibit anisotropies that are correlated with the event-by-event orientation of the reaction plane. Several methods were employed to extract the strength of the signal: the event-plane, cumulant and Lee-Yang Zeros methods. These methods have different sensitivity to correlations that are not caused by the collective motion in the system (non-flow correlations due to jets, resonance decays, and quantum correlations). The second Fourier coefficient of the charged hadron azimuthal distributions was measured as a function of transverse momentum, pseudorapidity and centrality in a broad kinematic range: $0.3 < p_T < 12.0$ GeV/c, $|η| < 2.4$, as a function of collision centrality. In addition, the third through sixth Fourier components were measured at midrapidity using selected methods.
Redefiniendo Investigación y Comunicación de la Ciencia ante la Pandemia de COVID-19
Creators: name: Debat, Humberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
Pandemia
Investigación
Comunicación de la Ciencia
Preprints
Twitter

description: Más allá de los dramáticos impactos sanitarios, económicos y sociales, la pandemia genera también un clivaje en el núcleo fundamental del quehacer científico y sus actores. Los procesos de investigación y comunicación de la ciencia se transforman en la emergencia y redefinen las estrategias de generación del conocimiento, la integración de información y las demandas de la población en busca de soluciones y certezas. En esta presentación exploraremos el impacto de COVID-19 en las prácticas de investigación, nuevos caminos emergentes de comunicación académica, el acceso abierto y los procesos de democratización del conocimiento. Recorreremos el impacto de herramientas no tradicionales de intercambio de información científica como las Preprints, blogs y Twitter en un contexto de generación masiva de datos que alteraron las bases del dialogo científico y delinearon las políticas sanitarias de países y regiones. Discutiremos el potencial efecto de estas nuevas prácticas en los sistemas de evaluación y promoción académica. Introduciremos algunas sugerencias y aprendizajes de la virtualidad orientados a generar reuniones académicas más inclusivas y sustentables. Debatiremos el statu quo del sistema de publicaciones académicas, iniciativas de multilenguaje, el rol del acceso abierto frente a la demanda de literatura científica más allá de la academia. Revisaremos algunas iniciativas dirigidas a innovar en los sistemas de referato/evaluación de pares hacia prácticas más colectivas, comunitarias y transparentes. Examinaremos las aperturas parciales y temporales de artículos científicos asociados a COVID-19 por parte de editoriales comerciales en el 2020-2021 que reflejan que la industria reconoce que sus muros de pagos para la lectura son barreras que limitan el acceso a conocimiento científico que salva vidas. Sin embargo, información científica de tantos otros padecimientos y enfermedades permanece secuestrada e inaccesible para una importante fracción de la población global. En términos generales, en esta presentación discutiremos avances y desafíos en las comunicaciones académicas y la redefinición de producción y dialogo científico en tiempo real en el contexto de una de las mayores crisis sanitarias del siglo XXI.
title: Approximate and projected natural level functions for Newton-type iterations
title: Approximative und projizierte natürliche Testfunktionen für Newton-artige Iterationen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Steinhoff, Tim
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: natürliche Testfunktion
subject: affine Kovarianz
subject: globale Newton-Methoden
subject: Newton's method
subject: quasi-Newton method
subject: natural level function
subject: affine covariance
subject: global Newton methods
classificationCode: 510
subject: Mathematik
subject: Newton-Verfahren
subject: Quasi-Newton-Verfahren
classificationCode: 58C15
subject: Implicit function theorems; global Newton methods
classificationCode: 34A30
subject: Linear equations and systems, general
classificationCode: 49M15
subject: Methods of Newton-Raphson, Galerkin and Ritz types
classificationCode: 90C53
subject: Methods of quasi-Newton type

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Steigerung der Wirkung s. g. natürlicher Testfunktionen bei der Globalisierung der Newton-Iteration. Durch die bislang nicht übliche Verwendung singulärer Gewichtsmatrizen ist eine weitere Verbesserung natürlicher Testfunktionen in Bezug auf die Maxime, unnötig kleine Schrittweiten zu vermeiden, gegeben, wodurch die Konvergenz beschleunigt wird. Die Resultate greifen sowohl für die numerische Lösung nichtlinearer Gleichungssysteme als auch für nichtlineare Ausgleichsrechnung unter nichtlinearen Gleichheitsnebenbedingungen. Eine spezielle wichtige Anwendung ist die Verbesserung der Mehrfach-Schieß-Methode für nichtlineare Randwertaufgaben bzw. Parameterschätzungsaufgaben. Ein großer Teil der Ergebnisse wird auf approximative Newton-Verfahren übertragen und algorithmisch in einem Quasi-Newton-Kontext umgesetzt.
description: This work is about an improvement of the so-called natural level function in the context of a globalization approach to Newton’s method via damping. This refinement is established by means of employing singular weight-matrices for the level function. The modified natural level functions thus obtained accept larger steps and lead to faster convergence in general. The results are also adaptable to the context of nonlinear least squares problems subject to nonlinear equality constraints. Special emphasis is put on structured problems from a multiple-shooting context to solve boundary value problems for ODEs or to solve parameter estimation problems for ODEs. The basic ideas are also transported to the context of approximate Newton methods. An algorithmic implementation is provided by means of quasi-Newton techniques.
Scalar Modular Bootstrap and Zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function
Creators: name: Benjamin, Nathan
name: Chang, Cyuan-Han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the technology of harmonic analysis, we derive a crossing equation that acts only on the scalar primary operators of any two-dimensional conformal field theory with $U(1)^c$ symmetry. From this crossing equation, we derive bounds on the scalar gap of all such theories. Rather remarkably, our crossing equation contains information about all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. As a result, we rephrase the Riemann hypothesis purely as a statement about the asymptotic density of scalar operators in certain two-dimensional conformal field theories. We discuss generalizations to theories with only Virasoro symmetry.
description: 27 pages + appendices, 4 figures, v2: section 4 and appendices updated
Economic Origins of the Sicilian Mafia: A Simulation Feedback Model
Creators: name: Pavlov, Oleg V.
name: Sardell, Jason M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This chapter develops a feedback economic model that explains the rise of the Sicilian mafia in the 19th century. Grounded in economic theory, the model incorporates causal relationships between the mafia activities, predation, law enforcement, and the profitability of local businesses. Using computational experiments with the model, we explore how different factors and feedback effects impact the mafia activity levels. The model explains important historical observations such as the emergence of the mafia in wealthier regions and its absence in the poorer districts despite the greater levels of banditry.
description: In R. Y. Cavana, B. C. Dangerfield, O. V. Pavlov, M. J. Radzicki, & I. D. Wheat (Eds.), Feedback Economics: Economic Modeling with System Dynamics. Pp. 137-161. New York: Springer
Wetting Front Dynamics in Isotropic Porous Media
Creators: name: Shikhmurzaev, Y. D.
name: Sprittles, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach to the modelling of wetting fronts in porous media on the Darcy scale is developed, based on considering the types (modes) of motion the menisci go through on the pore scale. This approach is illustrated using a simple model case of imbibition of a viscous incompressible liquid into an isotropic porous matrix with two modes of motion for the menisci, the wetting mode and the threshold mode. The latter makes it necessary to introduce an essentially new technique of conjugate problems that allows one to link threshold phenomena on the pore scale with the motion on the Darcy scale. The developed approach (a) makes room for incorporating the actual physics of wetting on the pore scale, (b) brings in the physics associated with pore-scale thresholds, which determine when sections of the wetting front will be brought to a halt (pinned), and, importantly, (c) provides a regular framework for constructing models of increasing complexity.
Molecular enhancement factors for P, T-violating eEDM in BaCH$_3$ and YbCH$_3$ symmetric top molecules
Creators: name: Chamorro, Yuly
name: Borschevsky, Anastasia
name: Eliav, Ephraim
name: Hoekstra, Steven
name: Hutzler, Nicholas R.
name: Pašteka, Lukáš F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision tests of fundamental symmetries are looking for the parity- (P), time-reversal- (T) violating electric dipole moment of the electron (eEDM) as proof of physics beyond the Standard Model. Particularly, in polyatomic molecules, the complex vibrational and rotational structure gives the possibility to reach high enhancement of the P, T-odd effects in moderate electric fields. Additionally, it is possible to increase the statistical sensitivity by using laser cooling. In this work, we calculate the P, T-odd electronic structure parameters $W_\mathrm{d}$ and $W_\mathrm{s}$ for the promising candidates BaCH$_3$ and YbCH$_3$ for the interpretation of future experiments. We employ high-accuracy relativistic coupled cluster methods and systematically evaluate the uncertainties of our computational approach. Compared to other Ba- and Yb-containing molecules, BaCH$_3$ and YbCH$_3$ exhibit larger $W_\mathrm{d}$ and $W_\mathrm{s}$ associated to increased covalent character of the M--C bond. The calculated values are $3.22\pm 0.11 \times 10^{24}\frac{h\text{Hz}}{e\text{cm}}$ and $13.80\pm 0.35 \times 10^{24}\frac{h\text{Hz}}{e\text{cm}}$ for $W_\mathrm{d}$, and $8.42\pm0.29$~$h$kHz and $45.35\pm1.15$~$h$kHz for $W_\mathrm{s}$, in BaCH$_3$ and YbCH$_3$, respectively. The robust, accurate, and cost-effective computational scheme reported in this work makes our results suitable for extracting the relevant fundamental properties from future measurements and also can be used to explore other polyatomic molecules sensitive to various violations of fundamental symmetries.
Hall effect in Poiseuille flow of two-dimensional electron fluid
Creators: name: Afanasiev, A. N.
name: Alekseev, P. S.
name: Danilenko, A. A.
name: Dmitriev, A. P.
name: Greshnov, A. A.
name: Semina, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydrodynamic regime of charge transport has been recently realized in high-quality conductors. In the hydrodynamic as well as in the Ohmic regimes the main part of the Hall resistance of a long sample is determined by the balance between the Lorentz force and the electric force, acting on conduction electrons. Experimentally observed deviations of the Hall resistance in hydrodynamic samples from such the ''standard'' value are usually associated with the Hall viscosity term in the Navier-Stokes equation. In this work we theoretically study the Hall effect in a Poiseuille flow of a two-dimensional electron fluid. We show that the near-edge semiballistic layers with the width of the order of the inter-particle mean free path, which inevitably appear near sample edges, give the contribution to the Hall resistance which is comparable with the bulk contribution from the Hall viscosity. In this way, the measured deviations of the Hall resistance from the ''standard'' one in hydrodynamic samples by the usual contact techniques should be associated with both the Hall viscosity in the bulk and the semiballistic effects in the near-edge layers
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Effect of tilting on turbulent convection: Cylindrical samples with aspect ratio $Γ=0.50$
Creators: name: Weiss, Stephan
name: Ahlers, Guenter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of properties of turbulent thermal convection of a fluid with a Prandtl number $\Pra=4.38$ in a cylindrical cell with an aspect ratio $Γ=0.50$. The rotational symmetry was broken by a small tilt of the sample axis relative to gravity. Measurements of the heat transport (as expressed by the Nusselt number \Nu), as well as of large-scale-circulation (LSC) properties by means of temperature measurements along the sidewall, are presented. In contradistinction to similar experiments using containers of aspect ratio $Γ=1.00$ \cite[]{ABN06} and $Γ=0.50$ \cite[]{CRCC04,SXX05,RGKS10}, we see a very small increase of the heat transport for tilt angles up to about 0.1 rad. Based on measurements of properties of the LSC we explain this increase by a stabilization of the single-roll state (SRS) of the LSC and a de-stabilization of the double-roll state (DRS) (it is known from previous work that the SRS has a slightly larger heat transport than the DRS). Further, we present quantitative measurements of the strength of the LSC, its orientation, and its torsional oscillation as a function of the tilt angle.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
Triangle singularity in $B^0\to π^- K^+ X(3872)$ via the $D_{s1}\bar{D} D^*$ loop and possible precise measurement of the $X(3872)$ mass
Creators: name: Yan, Mao-Jun
name: Ge, Ying-Hui
name: Liu, Xiao-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the $B^0\to π^- K^+ X(3872)$ decay via the $D_{s1}(2536)\bar{D} D^*$ rescattering diagram. The line shape of the $K^+X(3872)$ distribution curve around $D_{s1}(2536)\bar{D}$ threshold is very sensitive to the $X(3872)$ mass because the triangle singularity (TS) can be generated from the loop. By means of this characteristic, we can determine whether the $X(3872)$ mass is below or above the $D^{\ast 0}\bar{D}^0$ threshold with high precision. The narrowness of $D_{s1}(2536)$ in the loop is one of the key reasons why the TS mechanism of measuring the $X(3872)$ mass may work. The $X(3872)$ width impact on the $K^+X(3872)$ line shape is also crucial in the TS mechanism. If the width is as large as 1 MeV, the proposed method of measuring the $X(3872)$ mass would be ruined.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Development of an in situ extraction process of fatty acids from microalgae cultures
Creators: name: Glembin, Philipp
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2018
Subjects: classificationCode: 570
subject: Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: In this work micellar extraction was investigated in order to develop an alternative process for the in situ extraction of hydrophobic substances from microalgae cultures. The main requirements for an in situ extraction process such as biocompatibility, phase separation behavior and partitioning of the hydrophobic target substance between micellar- and aqueous phases were studied for a number of surfactants. The cloud point temperatures (CPT) as well as the biocompatibility of the nonionic surfactants with the microalgae C. reinhardtii, C. vulgaris, and S. obliquus was determined as a function of time. It was shown that algae cells are concentrated in the aqueous phase, whereas the hydrophobic compounds (fatty acids) are enriched in the micellar phase. Significant differences in growth and the photosynthetic activity of different algae strains after exposure to surfactants were determined. Thus, besides extraction, surfactants might be applied to control the growth of certain algae enabling the monoalgal culturing in outdoor cultivation of microalgae since the growth of the less surfactant-tolerant microalgae could be suppressed. For the most biocompatible surfactant under study, Triton X-114 with a biocompatibility of 98%, the kinetics of phase separation in the temperature range between 30 and 40°C have been investigated. The fastest phase separation took place at a Triton X-114 concentration of 3%wt at 40°C. The partitioning of representative hydrophobic substances between the both phases was predicted using the model COSMO-RS, the results were compared to experimental data with satisfying agreement (LogPcalc. palmitic acid: 0.82; LogPexp. palmitic acid: 0.75). Based on these results the extraction of valuable compounds from the microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus was realized on a pilot plant and compared to the lab scale experiments. Overall, the results indicate that a continuous micellar extraction with nonionic surfactants offers the opportunity for an in situ extraction of hydrophobic substances directly from the culture medium and is a promising alternative to a classic solvent extraction of dried algal biomass.
Parity nonconservation in ytterbium ion
Creators: name: Sahoo, B. K.
name: Das, B. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider parity nonconservation (PNC) in singly ionized ytterbium (Yb+) arising from the neutral current weak interaction. We calculate the PNC electric dipole transition amplitude (E1_PNC) and the properties associated with it using the relativistic coupled-cluster theory. E1_PNC for the [4f^{14}] ^2 6s --> [4f^{14}] ^2 5d_{3/2} transition in Yb+ has been evaluated to within an accuracy of 5%. The improvement of this result is possible. It therefore appears that this ion is a promising candidate for testing the standard model of particle physics.
description: In Press, Phys. Rev. A as Rapid Communication, 1 figure and 3 tables
Charge excitations across a superconductor-insulator transition
Creators: name: Jin, Xiaodong
name: Liu, Yuhai
name: Mondaini, Rubem
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the superconductor-insulator transition (SIT) in the ground state of the attractive honeycomb Hubbard model in the presence of a staggered potential (a mass term), using a combination of unbiased computational methods, namely, exact diagonalization and quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We probe the nature of the lowest-energy charge excitations across the SIT and show that they are bosonic, as inferred (and shown in the strongly interacting regime) in a previous study of the same model in the square lattice. Increasing the strength of the staggered potential leads to a crossover in which bosonic low-energy excitations give way to fermionic ones within the insulating phase. We also show that the SIT belongs to the 3$d$-XY universality class, like in its square lattice counterpart. The robustness of our results in these two lattice geometries supports the expectation that our findings are universal for SITs in clean systems.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures - as published
On classicalization in nonlinear sigma models
Creators: name: Percacci, Roberto
name: Rachwal, Leslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the phenomenon of classicalization in nonlinear sigma models with both positive and negative target space curvature and with any number of derivatives. We find that the theories with only two derivatives exhibit a weak form of classicalization, and that the quantitative results depend on the sign of the curvature. Nonlinear sigma models with higher derivatives show a strong form of the phenomenon which is independent of the sign of curvature. We argue that weak classicalization may actually be equivalent to asymptotic safety, whereas strong classicalization seems to be a genuinely different phenomenon. We also discuss possible ambiguities in the definition of the classical limit.
description: 14 pages
title: Evaluation of Mechanically Stabilized Earth Walls for Bridge Ends in Kentucky
title: What Next?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Sun, Charlie
name: Graves, Clark
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: This report summarizes the nationwide survey results on MSE wall abutment status. Many of handy features on MSE Wall Abutment Inspection/Rating In KY web application are highlighted, and various graphical user interfaces of the web application are illustrated and described. The inspection/rating results for fifty-six (56) existing MSE wall abutments are presented and discussed.
Poisson-Lie T-duality defects and target space fusion
Creators: name: Demulder, Saskia
name: Raml, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological defects have long been known to encode symmetries and dualities between physical systems. In the context of string theory, defects have been intensively studied at the level of the worldsheet. Although marked by a number of pioneering milestones, the target space picture of defects is much less understood. In this paper, we show, at the level of the target space, that Poisson-Lie T-duality can be encoded as a topological defect. With this result at hand, we can postulate the kernel capturing the Fourier-Mukai transform associated to the action of Poisson-Lie T-duality on the RR-sector. Topological defects have the remarkable property that they can be fused together or, alternatively, with worldsheet boundary conditions. We study how fusion of the proposed generalised T-duality topological defect consistently leads to the known duality transformations for boundary conditions. Finally, taking a step back from generalised T-duality, we tackle the general problem of understanding the effect of fusion at the level of the target space. We propose to use the framework of Dirac geometry and formulate the fusion of topological defects and D-branes in this language.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure
On a supercongruence conjecture of Rodriguez-Villegas
Creators: name: McCarthy, Dermot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In examining the relationship between the number of points over $\mathbb{F}_p$ on certain Calabi-Yau manifolds and hypergeometric series which correspond to a particular period of the manifold, Rodriguez-Villegas identified numerically 22 possible supercongruences. We prove one of the outstanding supercongruence conjectures between a special value of a truncated generalized hypergeometric series and the $p$-th Fourier coefficient of a modular form.
D1.3: COLLABS Innovations for Industrial IoT Systems1
Creators: name: Miloš Radovanović
name: Jaballah, Wafa Ben
name: Bravos, George
name: Le-Disez, Erwan
name: Marin, Ernesto Gomez
name: Moed, Erwin
name: Md Masoom Rabbani
name: Senni, Valerio
name: Federici, Fabio
name: Spanoudakis, George
name: Fysarakis, Konstantinos
name: Wimmer, Martin
name: Prabhakaran Kasinathan
name: Rizomiliotis, Panagiotis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: COLLABS, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT); Industry4.0; manufacturing; edge-to-cloud security; hardware-enabled security; machine learning; blockchain; behavioural analysis; accountability; trustworthiness

description: In this deliverable we briefly summarize significant new research results and new commercial products that have been published or released on the market, since the submission of the project proposal in 28/03/2019, in the technological areas where COLLABS aims to advance the state-of-the-art (SotA thereafter). The goal of this document is to ensure that the starting point for these targeted advances is up to date. It thus contains one section for each technological area listed as a target for advance in Section 1.4.1. of the proposal which describes the project’s offerings beyond the SotA. The deliverable is organized as follows. The introductory Section 1 briefly describes the overall setting and the main problem addressed by COLLABS, its project statement and the structure of the proposed COLLABS framework, in order to provide context for the sections that follow. Sections 2–8 respectively focus on the SotA in areas of: data protection (Section 2), distributed anomaly detection and remote attestation (Section 3), physical security (Section 4), function as a service (FaaS, Section 5), secure and trusted execution environments (Section 6), encrypted traffic analysis (Section 7), and AI-enabled cybersecurity in IIoT-based collaborative manufacturing environments (Section 8). Section 9 concludes the deliverable with a summary of the impacts of the new SotA on project implementation and the outlook of its contribution.
 During the past year there have been many works in the domains relevant to COLLABS, notably in blockchain applications, machine- and deep-learning based anomaly detection and wireless system design, remote attestation for tackling security issues in IoT systems, implementations of secure multiparty computation (SMC) and homomorphic encryption (HE), platforms providing trusted execution environments (TEEs), encrypted network traffic analysis for various purposes, and (distributed) machine learning in different levels of cybersecurity for IIoT systems. These works, overviewed in this document, provide a strong foundation for COLLABS project implementation without jeopardizing its goals with relation to SotA advancements.
The absorption and emission spectrum of the magnetic Herbig Ae star HD 190073
Creators: name: Cowley, C. R.
name: Hubrig, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine abundances from the absorption spectrum of the magnetic Herbig Ae star HD 190073 (V1295 Aql). The observations are primarily from HARPS spectra obtained at a single epoch. We accept arguments that the presence of numerous emission lines does not vitiate a classical abundance analysis, though it likely reduces the achievable accuracy. Most abundances are closely solar, but several elements show departures of a factor of two to three, as an earlier study has also shown. We present quantitative measurements of more than 60 emission lines, peak intensities, equivalent widths, and FWHM's. The latter range from over 200 km/s (H-alpha, He D3) down to 10--20 km/s (forbidden lines). Metallic emission lines have intermediate widths. We eschew modeling, and content ourselves with a presentation of the observations a successful model must explain. Low-excitation features such as the Na I D-lines and [O I] appear with He I D3, suggesting proximate regions with widely differing Te and Ne as found in the solar chromosphere. The [O I] and [Ca II] lines show sharp, violet-shifted features. Additionally, [Fe II] lines appear to be weakly present in emission.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures. To appear in Astronomische Nachrichten, Proceedings of the 7th Potsdam Thinkshop on "Magnetic Fields in Stars and Exoplanets."