cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unsub Extender: a Python-based web application for visualizing Unsub data
Creators: name: Schares, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article introduces Unsub Extender, a free tool to help libraries analyze their Unsub data export files. Unsub is a collection development dashboard that gathers and forecasts journal-level usage metrics to provide academic libraries with deeper measurements than traditional cost-per-use. Unsub gives libraries richer and more nuanced data to analyze their subscriptions, but it does not include a way to easily visualize the complex and interrelated data points it provides. Unsub Extender (https://unsubextender.lib.iastate.edu) is a free Python-based web application that takes an Unsub export file and automates the creation of interactive plots and visualizations. The tool loads with example data to explore, and users upload their specific Unsub file to quickly populate the pre-made plots with actual data. Graphs are interactive, live-updating, and support zoom, click-and-drag, and hover. Filters are specified through sliders to model scenarios and focus on areas of interest. A drop-down menu allows users to change a journal's decision status, and graphs update automatically. After evaluating journals, users can export the modified dataset to save their decisions. Unsub Extender proposes best practice in analyzing the increasingly common Unsub export file. It simplifies the analysis, eliminates duplication of effort, and enables libraries worldwide to make better, more data-driven decisions.
description: 27 pages
The Rise and Fall of Tri Valley Growers Cooperative
Creators: name: Hariyoga, Himawan
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Hariyoga, Himawan
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper examines the market and organizational factors that led to the bankruptcy in July 2000 of Tri Valley Growers (TVG), a California tomato- and fruit-processing cooperative owned by more than 500 growers. TVG’s bankruptcy was caused by a confluence of organizational and market-related factors including a low productivity of assets due to high inventory levels and obsolete facilities, high operating costs relative to competition, high raw product transport costs due to the geographic mismatch of production and processing capacity, particularly in tomato operations, and a poor information system. TVG was also highly leveraged. Re-organization as a new-generation cooperative in 1996 failed to stabilize the equity base.
Analytical model for quasi-linear flow response to resonant magnetic perturbation in resistive-inertial and viscous-resistive regimes
Creators: name: Huang, Wenlong
name: Zhu, Ping
name: Chen, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a quasi-linear model for plasma flow response to the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) in a tokamak has been rigorously developed in the resistive-inertial (RI) and viscous-resistive (VR) regimes purely from the two-field reduced MHD model. Models for plasma response to RMP are commonly composed of equations for the resonant magnetic field response (i.e. the magnetic island) and the torque balance of plasma flow. However, in previous plasma response models, the magnetic island and the torque balance equations are often derived separately from reduced MHD and full MHD equations, respectively. By contrast, in this work we derive both the magnetic island response and the torque balance equations in a quasi-linear model for plasma flow response entirely from a set of two-field reduced MHD equations. Such a quasi-linear model can recover previous plasma flow response models within certain limits and approximations. Furthermore, the physical origins of quasi-linear forces and moments in the flow response equation are also accurately calculated and clarified self-consistently.
description: 17 pages
Sustaining Innovations in Complex Health Care Environments
Creators: name: Jones, Cheryl B.
name: Havens, Donna S.
name: Stolldorf, Deonni P.
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2016

description:
OBJECTIVES: Rapid response teams (RRTs) are one innovation previously deployed in U.S. hospitals with the goal to improve the quality of care. Sustaining RRTs is important to achieve the desired implementation outcomes, reduce the risk of program investment losses, and prevent employee disillusionment and dissatisfaction. This study sought to examine factors that do and do not support the sustainability of RRTs. METHODS: The study was conceptually guided by an adapted version of the Planning Model of Sustainability. A multiple-case study was conducted using a purposive sample of 2 hospitals with high RRT sustainability scores and 2 hospitals with low RRT sustainability scores. Data collection methods included (a) a hospital questionnaire that was completed by a nurse administrator at each hospital; (b) semistructured interviews with leaders, RRT members, and those activating RRT calls; and (c) a review of internal documents. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Few descriptive differences were found between hospitals. However, there were notable differences in the operationalization of certain factors between high- and low-sustainability hospitals. Additional sustainability factors other than those captured by the Planning Model of Sustainability were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: The sustainability of RRTs is optimized through effective operationalization of organizational and project design and implementation factors. Two additional factors-individual and team characteristics-should be included in the Planning Model of Sustainability and considered as potential facilitators (or inhibitors) of RRT sustainability.
Labor markets and labor allocative efficiency among farm households in western Kenya
Creators: name: Kamau, Mercy W.
name: Burger, Kees
name: Giller, Ken E.
name: Kuyvenhoven, Arie
name: Kamau, Mercy W.
name: Burger, Kees
name: Giller, Ken E.
name: Kuyvenhoven, Arie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: labor market
subject: allocative efficiency
subject: labor supply
subject: Kenya

description: This paper evaluates how efficiently farm households allocate labor between farm and off-farm activities. It estimates farm and off-farm labor supply functions to determine the factors that influence labor allocation. Both the shadow wage and the off-farm wage rate are included as regressors in the supply functions. The study reveals that, on average, farm households are inefficient, but when linked to labor markets their productivity and internal efficiency increase. The decision to sell labor is influenced by location, and off-farm employment is difficult to find, particularly for the better educated. Interventions should aim to increase opportunities for off-farm employment for persons with skills or with higher than the basic level of education, and to reduce the cost of participating in labor markets, for example by improving rural infrastructure. Addressing failures in rural financial markets would save poor households from having to sell their labor for less than they get from their farms.
Turbulent dissipation, CH$^+$ abundance, H$_2$ line luminosities, and polarization in the cold neutral medium
Creators: name: Moseley, Eric R.
name: Draine, B. T.
name: Tomida, Kengo
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the cold neutral medium, high out-of-equilibrium temperatures are created by intermittent dissipation processes, including shocks, viscous heating, and ambipolar diffusion. The high-temperature excursions are thought to explain the enhanced abundance of CH$^{+}$ observed along diffuse molecular sight-lines. Intermittent high temperatures should also have an impact on H$_2$ line luminosities. We carry out simulations of MHD turbulence in molecular clouds including heating and cooling, and post-process them to study H$_2$ line emission and hot-gas chemistry, particularly the formation of CH$^+$. We explore multiple magnetic field strengths and equations of state. We use a new H$_2$ cooling function for $n_{\rm H} \leq 10^5\,{\rm cm}^{-3}$, $T\leq 5000\,{\rm K}$, and variable H$_2$ fraction. We make two important simplifying assumptions: (i) the ${\rm H}_2/{\rm H}$ fraction is fixed everywhere, and (ii) we exclude from our analysis regions where the ion-neutral drift velocity is calculated to be greater than 5 km/s. Our models produce H$_2$ emission lines in accord with many observations, although extra excitation mechanisms are required in some clouds. For realistic r.m.s. magnetic field strengths ($\approx 10$ $μ$G) and velocity dispersions, we reproduce observed CH$^+$ abundances. These findings contrast with those of Valdivia et al. (2017). Comparison of predicted dust polarization with observations by {\it Planck} suggests that the mean field $\gtrsim 5 μ$G, so that the turbulence is sub-Alfvénic. We recommend future work treating ions and neutrals as separate fluids to more accurately capture the effects of ambipolar diffusion on CH$^+$ abundance.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication to MNRAS
A Study in Cooperative Failure: Lessons from the Rice Growers Association of California
Creators: name: Bond, Jennifer Keeling
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Bond, Jennifer Keeling
name: Carter, Colin A.
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Crop Production/Industries

description: This case study on the former Rice Growers Association (RGA) analyzes the effects of a variety of business decisions and market changes, relative to the ongoing Farmers’ Rice Cooperative (FRC). Interview and survey findings reveal that many respondents felt RGA’s Board of Directors was passive and, despite its large size, lacked the necessary expertise to direct management and represent the best interest of the broader cooperative membership. In the midst of challenging market conditions, RGA’s management teams were accused of making a number of poor business decisions that led to significant financial stress and the eventual dissolution of the firm.
Effects of temperature on the repeat swimming performance, metabolic rates and swimming economy of salmonids (Oncorhynchus SPP.)
Creators: name: MacNutt, Meaghan J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The primary goal of this research was to predict how changes in water temperature affect the swimming performance and energetic cost of transport in adult pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye salmon (O. nerka), thus contributing to their ability to reach natal streams and spawn successfully. The prolonged swimming performance (U[sub crit]), minimum and maximum metabolic rate (Mo[sub 2-min] and Mo[sub 2-max]), oxygen cost of transport (COT) for upper Fraser River pink salmon were assessed across a range of naturally occurring temperatures using Brett-type swim tunnel respirometers and compared with values for sockeye salmon. To reduce mortality in senescing fish we minimized holding time and, therefore, thermal acclimation to as little as 48 hours before experiments. Therefore, we also used a salmonid model, the cutthroat trout (O. clarki clarki), to examine the effects of 48-hour and 3-week temperature acclimation periods on U[sub crit]. The length of the acclimation period had no significant effect on either the first or second U[sub crit] or on the recovery ratio (the quotient of U[sub crit-2]/U[sub Crit-1])- These results indicate that a 48-h acclimation to experimental temperatures may be sufficient in studies of swimming performance with this species. Contrary to previous beliefs, pink salmon were capable of similar relative critical swimming speeds as sockeye salmon (2.25 FL•s⁻¹), but sockeye salmon swam to a higher absolute U[sub crit](125.9 cm•s⁻¹) than pink salmon (116.4 cm•s⁻¹) because of their larger size. However, some individual pink salmon swam faster than all the sockeye salmon tested. Metabolic rate increased exponentially with swimming speed (P < 0.01) in both species and was higher for pink than sockeye salmon (P = 0.01), although swimming efficiency (was not significantly different between the species at their optimal swimming speeds minimum cost of transport; COT[sub min]) . The upper and lower limits of metabolism also increased exponentially with temperature (Mo[sub 2-min] P = 0.01; Mo[sub 2-max] , P < 0.01, respectively) but were not different between species (Mo[sub 2-min] P = 0.93; Mo[sub 2-max] , P = 0.38). The relationship between Mo₂ and swimming speed was positively affected by temperature in pink salmon (P = 0.01), but average and minimum COTs were independent of temperature over the range tested (9-22 ºC) in both species. Overall, a higher degree of inter-individual variability and thermal insensitivity in pink salmon suggest that this species might not be as locally adapted to particular upriver migrations as are sockeye salmon.
Economic impacts of soil fertility management research in West Africa
Creators: name: Akinola, Adebayo A.
name: Alene, Arega D.
name: Adeyemo, Remi
name: Sanogo, Diakalia
name: Olanrewaju, Adetunji S.
name: Akinola, Adebayo A.
name: Alene, Arega D.
name: Adeyemo, Remi
name: Sanogo, Diakalia
name: Olanrewaju, Adetunji S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: balanced nutrient management systems
subject: BNMS-manure
subject: BNMS-rotation
subject: economic surplus
subject: northern Guinea savanna
subject: West Africa

description: This paper assesses the potential economic impacts of balanced nutrient management systems technology options: BNMS-manure, which combines inorganic fertilizer and organic manure, and BNMS-rotation, which is maize–soybean rotation, in maize-based systems in the northern Guinea savanna areas of Nigeria, Ghana, Togo and Benin. The economic surplus analysis suggested that BNMS-manure research and extension could achieve returns ranging from 17 to 25% and a maximum adoption of 24 to 48%, for the conservative and base scenario respectively; and that BNMS-rotation research and extension could achieve returns ranging from 35 to 43% and a maximum adoption of 20 to 40%, for the conservative and base scenario respectively. Our results were consistent with earlier economic analyses which showed that BNMS-rotation was more productive, profitable and acceptable to farmers than BNMS-manure. It may be difficult to achieve large-scale adoption of BNMS-manure because the increases in yields are smaller and markets for manure are missing.
How Universal is the Gunn-Peterson Trough at z~6?: A Closer Look at the Quasar SDSS J1148+5251
Creators: name: Oh, S. Peng
name: Furlanetto, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detectable flux is visible in the Ly-alpha and Ly-beta troughs of the highest redshift ($z=6.42$) quasar found to date, SDSS J1148+5251. This has previously been interpreted as continuum contamination from an interloper galaxy at z=4.94. We examine the Ly-gamma trough of SDSS J1148+5251 and show that this interpretation is untenable: the spectrum does not show the continuum break in a z=4.94 galaxy expected from absorption by the intervening Ly-alpha forest. Therefore, flux must be leaking through at least one of the troughs from the quasar itself. Contrary to previous claims, the flux ratios in the Ly-alpha and Ly-beta troughs are consistent with pure transmission. From the Ly-gamma trough, we place an upper bound on the effective Ly-alpha optical depth at z~6.2 of tau < 14.3 (2 sigma). This implies a highly ionized IGM along this line of sight and significant cosmic variance in the transition toward complete Gunn-Peterson absorption. Detailed study of the observed transmission features will shed light on this era.
description: Submitted to ApJ Letters
Improved modelling of SEP event onset within the WSA-Enlil-SEPMOD framework
Creators: name: Palmerio, Erika
name: Luhmann, Janet G.
name: Mays, M. Leila
name: Caplan, Ronald M.
name: Lario, David
name: Richardson, Ian G.
name: Whitman, Kathryn
name: Lee, Christina O.
name: Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz
name: Wijsen, Nicolas
name: Li, Yan
name: Cardoso, Carlota
name: Pinto, Marco
name: Heyner, Daniel
name: Schmid, Daniel
name: Auster, Hans-Ulrich
name: Fischer, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-spacecraft observations of solar energetic particle (SEP) events not only enable a deeper understanding and development of particle acceleration and transport theories, but also provide important constraints for model validation efforts. However, because of computational limitations, a given physics-based SEP model is usually best-suited to capture a particular phase of an SEP event, rather than its whole development from onset through decay. For example, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of the heliosphere often incorporate solar transients only at the outer boundary of their so-called coronal domain -- usually set at a heliocentric distance of 20-30 $R_{\odot}$. This means that particle acceleration at CME-driven shocks is also computed from this boundary onwards, leading to simulated SEP event onsets that can be many hours later than observed, since shock waves can form much lower in the solar corona. In this work, we aim to improve the modelled onset of SEP events by inserting a "fixed source" of particle injection at the outer boundary of the coronal domain of the coupled WSA-Enlil 3D MHD model of the heliosphere. The SEP model that we employ for this effort is SEPMOD, a physics-based test-particle code based on a field line tracer and adiabatic invariant conservation. We apply our initial tests and results of SEPMOD's fixed-source option to the 2021 October 9 SEP event, which was detected at five well-separated locations in the inner heliosphere -- Parker Solar Probe, STEREO-A, Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, and near-Earth spacecraft.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate
Lattice of intermediate subalgebras
Creators: name: Bakshi, Keshab Chandra
name: Gupta, Ved Prakash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L40, 46L05, 46L37

description: Analogous to subfactor theory, employing Watatani's notions of index and $C^*$-basic construction of certain inclusions of $C^*$-algebras, (a) we develop a Fourier theory (consisting of Fourier transforms, rotation maps and shift operators) on the relative commutants of any inclusion of simple unital $C^*$-algebras with finite Watatani index, and (b) we introduce the notions of interior and exterior angles between intermediate $C^*$-subalgebras of any inclusion of unital $C^*$-algebras admitting a finite index conditional expectation. Then, on the lines of [2], we apply these concepts to obtain a bound for the cardinality of the lattice of intermediate $C^*$-subalgebras of any irreducible inclusion as in (a), and improve Longo's bound for the cardinality of intermediate subfactors of an inclusion of type $III$ factors with finite index. Moreover, we also show that for a fairly large class of inclusions of finite von Neumann algebras, the lattice of intermediate von Neumann subalgebras is always finite.
description: Minor changes, one reference added, no figures, 43 pages
Sustainable Growth and Capital Constraints: The Demutualization of Lilydale Co-operative Ltd.
Creators: name: Hailu, Getu
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
name: Hailu, Getu
name: Goddard, Ellen W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Lilydale Co-operative Ltd was one of Canada’s largest and most geographically diversified co-operative poultry processors. In 2005, Lilydale voted to end its 65- year existence as a cooperative and converted to an investor-owned firm (Lilydale Inc.). The motivations for Lilydale’s organizational change are examined focusing on access to capital and using the sustainable growth model as the framework. For sustainable growth, a balance is required between increased actual sales and changes in financial management measures. For much of its history, Lilydale’s actual sales growth rate exceeded its sustainable growth rate. The firm may have been making financial decisions without considering all financial commitments, including increasing requirements to distribute equity to retiring members. Long-term debt was very high during the ten years prior to the decision to restructure the cooperative. Although the time period is short, since conversion Lilydale has had more reasonable growth rates.
United Producers Inc. Chapter 11 Restructuring
Creators: name: Olson, Frayne E.
name: Olson, Frayne E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Cooperatives have been used as examples of successful collective action activities. However, member free riding within cooperatives and other collective action groups continues to be a challenge. The board of directors and management of United Producers Inc. confronted the member free riding issue when creating a restructuring plan after their Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing. The plan integrated three strategies which have been proposed to mitigate free riding in large groups; coercion, a federated organizational structure, and selective incentives. This article compares Mancur Olson’s theoretical framework for addressing free riding behavior with United Producers Inc. restructuring plan.
Cell-type-aware analysis of RNA-seq data
Creators: name: Sun, Wei
name: Jin, Chong
name: Lin, Dan-Yu
name: Chen, Mengjie
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description:
Most tissue samples are composed of different cell types. Differential expression analysis without accounting for cell-type composition cannot separate the changes due to cell-type composition or cell type-specific expression. We propose a computational framework to address these limitations: CARseq (cell-type-aware analysis of RNA-seq). CARseq employs a negative binomial distribution that appropriately models the count data from RNA-seq experiments. Simulation studies show that CARseq has substantially higher power than a linear model-based approach and it also provides more accurate estimate of the rankings of differentially expressed genes. We have applied CARseq to compare gene expression of schizophrenia/autism subjects versus controls, and identified the cell types underlying the difference and similarities of these two neuron-developmental diseases. Our results are consistent with the results from differential expression analysis using single-cell RNA-seq data.
Global Public Health Surveillance using Media Reports: Redesigning GPHIN
Creators: name: Carter, Dave
name: Stojanovic, Marta
name: Hachey, Philip
name: Fournier, Kevin
name: Rodier, Simon
name: Wang, Yunli
name: de Bruijn, Berry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.3; H.5.0

description: Global public health surveillance relies on reporting structures and transmission of trustworthy health reports. But in practice, these processes may not always be fast enough, or are hindered by procedural, technical, or political barriers. GPHIN, the Global Public Health Intelligence Network, was designed in the late 1990s to scour mainstream news for health events, as that travels faster and more freely. This paper outlines the next generation of GPHIN, which went live in 2017, and reports on design decisions underpinning its new functions and innovations.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. To be published in "Ebook Series: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics -- Proceedings of Medical Informatics Europe 2020 (MIE 2020) -- IOS Press"
The Restructuring of Dakota Growers Pasta Company
Creators: name: Boland, Michael A.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: The decision discussed in this case is to examine the advantages and disadvantages of restructuring Dakota Growers Pasta. Cook’s life cycle taxonomy of cooperatives is used to explain how the cooperative moved throughout its life until it restructured as a closely-held organization. The organization does not appear to have changed greatly in its operation since the conversion.
Sudden switching in qubits
Creators: name: Shakov, Kh. Kh.
name: McGuire, J. H.
name: Kaplan, L.
name: Uskov, D.
name: Chalastaras, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic solutions are developed for two-state systems (e.g. qubits) strongly perturbed by a series of rapidly changing pulses, called `kicks'. The evolution matrix may be expressed as a time ordered product of evolution matrices for single kicks. Single, double, and triple kicks are explicitly considered, and the onset of observability of time ordering is examined. The effects of different order of kicks on the dynamics of the system are studied and compared with effects of time ordering in general. To determine the range of validity of this approach, the effect of using pulses of finite widths for 2s-2p transitions in atomic hydrogen is examined numerically.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures
Leveraging institutions for collective action to improve markets for smallholder producers in less-favored areas
Creators: name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Geoffrey, Muricho
name: Silim, Said
name: Shiferaw, Bekele A.
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Geoffrey, Muricho
name: Silim, Said
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Market imperfections
subject: Transaction costs
subject: Institutions
subject: Collective action
subject: Producer marketing groups
subject: Kenya

description: Using survey data from the community, producer marketing groups (PMGs) and farm households in Kenya, this paper investigates the potential of rural institutions (farmer organizations, their rules and enforcement mechanisms) for remedying pervasive market imperfections and facilitate access to new technology in rural areas. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that while the functioning of markets is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination failures, PMGs present new opportunities for small producers through vertical and horizontal coordination of production and grain marketing. They pay 20 to 25% higher prices than other buyers and facilitate the adoption of improved varieties that help increase marketable surplus. Their accumulated assets and traded volumes are influenced by participatory decision making, member contributions and initial start-up capital. While participation declines with farm size, the associated benefits depend on marketed amounts. Moreover, the time lag to payment for deliveries makes PMGs less attractive marketing channels for the poor. The success of such groups requires policy support, increased capital access, rural finance and market information.
title: المالد في وجدان الإمارات/ ثاني بن عبدالله المهيري.
Creators: name: المهيري، ثاني بن عبد الله بن صقر
Publisher: name: الأرشيف والمكتبة الوطنية
Year: 2017
Subjects: الأناشيد الدينية
المالد (أغاني دينية) - الإمارات العربية المتحدة
المولد النبوي
الإمارات العربية المتحدة - عادات وتقاليد

- يتطرق الباحث في هذا المقال إلى إحدى الممارسات الدينية والعلمية التي انتشرت في العالم الإسلامي وهي الاحتفال بالمولد النبوي الشريف، حيث اتخذ الاحتفال بذكرى المولد النبوي صوراً وأشكالاً مختلفة حسب اختلاف ثقافات المجتمعات المسلمة وبيئاتها وفنونها وعاداتها. وقد يكون الاحتفال بصورة مجالس كما في الإمارات والتي من خلالها نستطيع معرفة جانب من الهوية الدينية والثقافية في الشخصية الإماراتية؛ وذلك بالاطلاع على القصائد والموالد التي اختارها أهل الإمارات عند اجتماعهم، ويظهر أيضاً الجانب الفني في طريقة الإنشاد والإداء والمقامات الموسيقية التي تنشد بها القصائد. كما سيتناول هذا البحث بعض ملامح هذا التراث لنربط القارئ بين ماضيه وحاضره.
Segment Boundary Detection via Class Entropy Measurements in Connectionist Phoneme Recognition
Creators: name: Salvi, Giampiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.0; I.2.7; E.4

description: This article investigates the possibility to use the class entropy of the output of a connectionist phoneme recogniser to predict time boundaries between phonetic classes. The rationale is that the value of the entropy should increase in proximity of a transition between two segments that are well modelled (known) by the recognition network since it is a measure of uncertainty. The advantage of this measure is its simplicity as the posterior probabilities of each class are available in connectionist phoneme recognition. The entropy and a number of measures based on differentiation of the entropy are used in isolation and in combination. The decision methods for predicting the boundaries range from simple thresholds to neural network based procedure. The different methods are compared with respect to their precision, measured in terms of the ratio between the number C of predicted boundaries within 10 or 20 msec of the reference and the total number of predicted boundaries, and recall, measured as the ratio between C and the total number of reference boundaries.
North American Bison Cooperative and North Dakota Natural Beef LLC: Governance of a Contractual Alliance
Creators: name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Boland, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Livestock Production/Industries

description: In 2005, North American Bison Cooperative formed a contractual alliance with North Dakota Natural Beef, LLC. The alliance was formed in order to enable the cooperative to enhance returns from its physical and managerial assets by entering the natural beef market. This case describes the resources shared by the cooperative and LLC, how the alliance was governed, the risk of opportunism by the CEO and associated trust building and control mechanisms, and the benefits cooperative members received. Although the two companies operate under different business principles, cooperative members exercise indirect control over the resources they contribute to the venture.
Transverse energy and charged particle multiplicity at various centralities at RHIC: Statistical model estimates
Creators: name: Prorok, Dariusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transverse energy and the charged particle multiplicity at midrapidity are evaluated in a single-freeze-out model for different centrality bins at RHIC at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=130$ and 200 GeV. The predictions of the model are done at the freeze-out parameters determined earlier from measured particle yields and $p_{T}$ spectra. The results agree qualitatively well with the experimental data.
description: This is a write-up of a poster presented at the Workshop on Quark-Gluon-Plasma Thermalization, Vienna, Austria, 10-12 August 2005
Integrated Single-cell and Plasma Proteomic Modeling to Predict Surgical Site Complications: A Prospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Ando, Kazuo
name: Ganio, Edward
name: Jacobsen, Danielle
name: Fallahzadeh, Ramin
name: Choisy, Benjamin
name: Bonham, Adam
name: Tingle, Martha
name: Shelton, Andrew
name: Einhaus, Jakob
name: Tsai, Amy
name: Gaudilliere, Dyani
name: Gao, Xiaoxiao
name: Stelzer, Ina
name: Verdonk, Franck
name: Gaudilliere, Brice
name: Hedou, Julien
name: Warrington, Beata
name: Morris, Arden
name: Kebebew, Electron
name: Kin, Cindy
name: Rumer, Kristen K
name: Stanley, Natalie
name: Angst, Martin S
name: McAllister, Tiffany N
name: Feyaerts, Dorien
name: Aghaeepour, Nima
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer
Year: 2021

description:
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether single-cell and plasma proteomic elements of the host's immune response to surgery accurately identify patients who develop a surgical site complication (SSC) after major abdominal surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: SSCs may occur in up to 25% of patients undergoing bowel resection, resulting in significant morbidity and economic burden. However, the accurate prediction of SSCs remains clinically challenging. Leveraging high-content proteomic technologies to comprehensively profile patients' immune response to surgery is a promising approach to identify predictive biological factors of SSCs. METHODS: Forty-one patients undergoing non-cancer bowel resection were prospectively enrolled. Blood samples collected before surgery and on postoperative day one (POD1) were analyzed using a combination of single-cell mass cytometry and plasma proteomics. The primary outcome was the occurrence of an SSC, including surgical site infection, anastomotic leak, or wound dehiscence within 30 days of surgery. RESULTS: A multiomic model integrating the single-cell and plasma proteomic data collected on POD1 accurately differentiated patients with (n = 11) and without (n = 30) an SSC [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86]. Model features included coregulated proinflammatory (eg, IL-6- and MyD88- signaling responses in myeloid cells) and immunosuppressive (eg, JAK/STAT signaling responses in M-MDSCs and Tregs) events preceding an SSC. Importantly, analysis of the immunological data obtained before surgery also yielded a model accurately predicting SSCs (AUC = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS: The multiomic analysis of patients' immune response after surgery and immune state before surgery revealed systemic immune signatures preceding the development of SSCs. Our results suggest that integrating immunological data in perioperative risk assessment paradigms is a plausible strategy to guide individualized clinical care.
Physical properties of weak-coupling quasiperiodic superconductors
Creators: name: Takemori, Nayuta
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Sakai, Shiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the physical properties of quasiperiodic superconductors with the aim of understanding superconductivity in quasicrystals. Considering the attractive Hubbard model on the Penrose tiling as a simple theoretical model, we calculate various basic superconducting properties and find deviations from the universal values of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory. In particular, we find that the jump of the specific heat at the superconducting transition is about 10-20% smaller than that universal value, in consistency with the experimental results obtained for the superconducting Al-Mg-Zn quasicrystalline alloy. Furthermore, we calculate current-voltage characteristics and find that the current gradually increases with the voltage on the Penrose tiling in contrast to a rapid increase in the periodic system. These distinctions originate from the nontrivial Cooper pairing characteristic to the quasiperiodic system.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Clusters of adverse childhood experiences and unmet need for care coordination
Creators: name: Lanier, Paul
name: Tarini, Beth A
name: Anyigbo, Chidiogo
name: Wang, Jichuan
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2021

description:
BACKGROUND: The lack of consensus on how to measure ACEs limits our estimation of their impact on health outcomes and understanding of which ACE clusters drive unmet care coordination (CC) needs. OBJECTIVES: 1) Identify latent classes of ACEs among a representative group of U.S. children; 2) Examine the association between these classes and unmet needs for CC. PARTICIPANT AND SETTING: Using the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health, we sampled children ages 0-17 the who had seen >1 healthcare provider within 12 months (n = 38,758). METHODS: We conducted latent class analyses and weighted logistic regression analyses to examine associations between latent classes and unmet need for CC. RESULTS: We identified seven distinct classes: household poverty and parental divorce, household poverty and parental death, household poverty only, household substance abuse and witnessing violence, multiple ACEs, household poverty and child discrimination, and household poverty and household mental illness. Children in the following classes had the greatest odds of unmet need for CC: household poverty only (AOR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.42-2.84), household poverty and household mental illness (AOR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.15-2.44), multiple ACEs (AOR 2.31; 95% CI, 1.53-3.50), and household poverty and child discrimination (AOR 3.55; 95% CI, 1.71-7.37). CONCLUSIONS: Children who experienced specific combinations of ACEs, have an increased risk of unmet need for CC, with those experiencing both poverty and discrimination having the highest odds of unmet need for CC. Discrimination widens the gap of unmet CC need for poor children.
Major bleeding risk and mortality associated with antiplatelet drugs in real-world clinical practice. A prospective cohort study.
Creators: name: BALUSSON, Frederic
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The main outcome measure was time to major bleeding. Secondary outcomes were death and event free survival.
Accurate discretization of advection-diffusion equations
Creators: name: Grima, R.
name: Newman, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact mathematical transformation which converts a wide class of advection-diffusion equations into a form allowing simple and direct spatial discretization in all dimensions, and thus the construction of accurate and more efficient numerical algorithms. These discretized forms can also be viewed as master equations which provides an alternative mesoscopic interpretation of advection-diffusion processes in terms of diffusion with spatially varying hopping rates.
Nanosecond microscopy with a high spectroscopic resolution
Creators: name: Heinrich, Christoph
name: Bernet, Stefan
name: Ritsch-Marte, Monika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy in a wide-field setup with nanosecond laser pulse excitation. In contrast to confocal setups, the image of a sample can be recorded with a single pair of excitation pulses. For this purpose the excitation geometry is specially designed in order to satisfy the phase matching condition over the whole sample area. The spectral, temporal and spatial sensitivity of the method is demonstrated by imaging test samples, i.e. oil vesicles in sunflower seeds, on a nanosecond timescale. The method provides snapshot imaging in 3 nanoseconds with a spectral resolution of 25 wavenumbers (cm$^{-1}$).
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted
Human Trafficking in Correctional Institutions: A Survey of Correctional and Anti-Trafficking Leaders
Creators: name: Macy, Rebecca J.
name: Luo, Jia
name: Meehan, Erin A.
name: Van Deinse, Tonya B.
name: Wretman, Christopher J.
name: Godoy, Sarah M.
name: Sullivan, Nicole
name: Rizo, Cynthia Fraga
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022

description:
Growing awareness of the overlap between justice involvement and human trafficking victimization has led to calls for correctional institutions to prevent, identify, and respond to trafficking. However, it is unclear how correctional facilities (i.e., jails and prisons) are responding to such calls to action. To examine current efforts to address human trafficking in U.S. correctional facilities, this study surveyed correctional and anti-trafficking leaders (n = 46) about their perceptions and experiences with human trafficking screening, response, and training in correctional facilities. Although the majority of leaders (89%) agreed individuals in their state's correctional facilities have experienced human trafficking, they generally did not perceive that correctional staff were prepared to respond. Bivariate tests revealed that correctional and anti-trafficking leaders differed on their perceptions regarding correctional staffs' knowledge about human trafficking risk factors (p = .014), identification ability (p = .006), and response knowledge (p = .036), with anti-trafficking leaders perceiving correctional staff to be less prepared in these areas. Approximately 16% of leaders reported strategies to identify and respond to trafficking in correctional facilities, and about 27% reported human trafficking training for corrections staff. To promote a just society, study findings offer preliminary guidance for anti-trafficking correctional initiatives and future research.
Web-scale Multimedia Search for Internet Video Content
Creators: name: Jiang, Lu
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: The Internet has been witnessing an explosion of video content. According to a Cisco study, video content accounted for 64% of all the world’s internet traffic in 2014, and this percentage is estimated to reach 80% by 2019. Video data are becoming one of the most valuable sources to assess information and knowledge. However, existing video search solutions are still based on text matching (text-to-text search), and could fail for the huge volumes of videos that have little relevant metadata or no metadata at all. The need for large-scale and intelligent video search, which bridges the gap between the user’s information need and the video content, seems to be urgent. In this thesis, we propose an accurate, efficient and scalable search method for video content. As opposed to text matching, the proposed method relies on automatic video content understanding, and allows for intelligent and flexible search paradigms over the video content (text-to-video and text&video-to-video search). It provides a new way to look at content-based video search from finding a simple concept like “puppy” to searching a complex incident like “a scene in urban area where people running away after an explosion”. To achieve this ambitious goal, we propose several novel methods focusing on accuracy, efficiency and scalability in the novel search paradigm. First, we introduce a novel self-paced curriculum learning theory that allows for training more accurate semantic concepts. Second, we propose a novel and scalable approach to index semantic concepts that can significantly improve the search efficiency with minimum accuracy loss. Third, we design a novel video reranking algorithm that can boost accuracy for video retrieval. Finally, we apply the proposed video engine to tackle text-and-visual question answering problem called MemexQA. The extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods are able to surpass state-of-the-art accuracy on multiple datasets. In addition, our method can efficiently scale up the search to hundreds of millions videos, and only takes about 0.2 second to search a semantic query on a collection of 100 million videos, 1 second to process a hybrid query over 1 million videos. Based on the proposed methods, we implement E-Lamp Lite, the first of its kind large-scale semantic search engine for Internet videos. According to National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), it achieved the best accuracy in the TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED) 2013, 2014 and 2015, the most representative task for content-based video search. To the best of our knowledge, E-Lamp Lite is the first content-based semantic search system that is capable of indexing and searching a collection of 100 million videos.
Agricultural Distortions in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trade and Welfare Indicators, 1961 to 2004
Creators: name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Anderson, Kym
name: Croser, Johanna L.
name: Anderson, Kym
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Distorted incentives
subject: agricultural price and trade policies
subject: trade restrictiveness index

description: For decades, agricultural price and trade policies in Sub-Saharan Africa hampered farmers’ contributions to economic growth and poverty reduction. While there has been much policy reform over the past two decades, the injections of agricultural development funding, together with on-going regional and global trade negotiations, have brought distortionary policies under the spotlight once again. A key question asked of those policies is: how much are they still reducing national economic welfare and trade? Economy-wide models are able to address that question, but they are not available for many poor countries. Even where they are, typically they apply to just one particular previous year and so are unable to provide trends in effects over time. This paper provides a partial-equilibrium alternative to economy-wide modelling, by drawing on a modification of so-called trade restrictiveness indexes to provide theoretically precise indicators of the trade and welfare effects of agricultural policy distortions to producer and consumer prices over the past half-century. We generate time series of country level indices, as well as Africa-wide aggregates. We also provide annual commodity market indices for the region, and we provide a sense of the relative importance of the key policy instruments used.
A Design of SDR-based Pseudo-Analog Wireless Video Transmission System
Creators: name: Tang, Xiao-Wei
name: Huang, Xin-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pseudo-analog wireless video transmission technology can improve the effectiveness, reliability, and robustness of the conventional digital system in video broadcast scenarios. Although some prototypes of IEEE 802.11 series have been developed for researchers to do simulations and experiments, they are usually expensive and provide very limited access to the physical layer. More importantly, these prototypes cannot be used to verify the correctness of the new proposed pseudo-analog wireless video transmission algorithms directly due to limited modulation modes they can support. In this paper, we present a novel design of software radio platform (SDR)-based pseudo-analog wireless video transceiver which is completely transparent and allows users to learn all the implementation details. Firstly, we prove that the analog method can also achieve the optimal performance as the digital method from the perspective of the rate-distortion theory. Then, we describe the two hardware implementation difficulties existed in the designing process including the data format modification and the non-linear distortion. Next, we introduce the implementation details of the designed transceiver. Finally, we analyze the performance of the designed transceiver. Specifically, the results show that the designed system can work effectively in both simulations and experiments.