cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Helium abundance in giant planets and the local interstellar medium
Creators: name: Ben-Jaffel, Lotfi
name: Abbes, Ilyes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sun and giant planets are generally thought to have the same helium abundance as that in the solar nebula from which they were formed 4.6 billion years ago. In contrast, the interstellar medium reflects current galactic conditions. The departure of current abundances from the primordial and protosolar values may help trace the processes that drive the nucleosynthesis evolution of the galaxy and planetary interior formation and evolution. The Galileo probe measured the He abundance in situ the atmosphere of Jupiter, showing that He is only slightly depleted compared to the solar value. For Saturn, contradictory estimates from past Voyager observations make its He abundance very uncertain. Here, we use He 58.4 nm dayglow measured from the outer planets by the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometers to derive the He abundance in the atmosphere of Jupiter and Saturn. We also use the solar He 58.4 nm line measured by the Solar Heliospheric Observatory to derive the He abundance inside the focusing cone. Finally, we compare He abundances derived here with primordial and protosolar values, stressing the unique opportunity offered by inner heliosphere observations and future Voyager in situ local interstellar medium measurements to derive the He abundance in the very interstellar cloud in which we reside.
description: In press in Open Access Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)
Parallels of human language in the behavior of bottlenose dolphins
Creators: name: Ferrer-i-Cancho, R.
name: Lusseau, D.
name: McCowan, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A short review of similarities between dolphins and humans with the help of quantitative linguistics and information theory.
description: In press in Linguistic Frontiers
Thermal transport through ac-driven transparent Josephson weak links
Creators: name: Virtanen, P.
name: Giazotto, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how phase coherence manifests in the heat transport through superconducting single and multichannel Josephson junctions in time dependent situations. We consider the heat current driven through the junction by a temperature difference in dc voltage and ac phase biased situations. At low bias, the electromagnetic driving mainly modifies the form of the coherent resonance that transports a large part of the heat current, rather than simply dissipating energy in the junction. We find a description for the heat current in terms of quasiparticle n-photon absorption and emission rates, and discuss analytical and numerical results concerning them. In addition to the ensemble average heat transport, we describe also its fluctuations.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ФУНГИЦИДОВ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЕМЫХ В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ, И ИХ МЕСТО НА РЫНКЕ УЗБЕКИСТАНА.
Creators: name: Рузиев, Рахматжон
name: Йулдашева, Чарос
name: Орифжонова, Дурдона
name: Кенжаева, Фарангиз
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В данной статье фунгициды, используемые на рынке Узбекистана, одобрены Агентством по карантину и защите растений Республики Узбекистан в 2022 году для применения против вредителей, болезней и сорняков растений в агропромышленном комплексе Республики Узбекистан. составлен перечень защитных средств, дефолиантов и средств контроля роста растений, а также доступных средств. Представлено распределение динамики поступления фунгицидов на рынок народного хозяйства по странам-производителям и результаты анализа основного действующего вещества фунгицидов.
Satellite shadows through stellar occultations
Creators: name: Groot, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of mega-constellations of satellites in low-Earth orbit during nighttime optical observations is assessed. Orbital geometry is used to calculate the impact of stellar occultations by satellites on the photometry of individual stars as well as the effect on the photometric calibration of wide-field observations. Starlink-type satellites will have occultation disks several arcseconds across. Together with occultation crossing times of 0.1-100 msec, this will lead to photometric `jitter' on the flux determination of stars. The level of impact for a given star depends on the ratio of the integration time of the frame over the occultation crossing time. In current-day, CCD-based synoptic surveys this impact is negligible (<<1%), but with future, CMOS-based wide-field surveys obtaining data at frequencies >1Hz, the impact will grow towards complete drop-outs. At integration times similar to the occultation crossing time, the orbit of a satellite can be traced using the occultation method. At even shorter integration times the shape of the occulting satellite can be deduced. Stellar occultations by passing satellites, enabled by high-speed CMOS technology, will be a new method to study orbiting satellites. Large scale monitoring programs will be needed to, independently, determine and update the orbits of satellites.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Accepted to A&A, Sep 07 2022
Measurement of intrinsic radioactive backgrounds from Cs-137 and U/Th chains in CsI(Tl) crystals
Creators: name: Liu, S. K.
name: Yue, Q.
name: Lin, S. T.
name: Li, Y. J.
name: Tang, C. J.
name: Wong, H. T.
name: Xing, H. Y.
name: Yang, C. W.
name: Zhao, W.
name: Zhu, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inorganic CsI(Tl) crystal scintillator is a candidate served as an anti-compton detector for China Dark matter EXperiment (CDEX). Studying the intrinsic radiopurity of CsI(Tl) crystal is an issue of major importance. The timing, energy and spatial correlations, as well as the capability of pulse shape discrimination provide powerful methods for the measurement of intrinsic radiopurities. The experimental design, detector performance and event-selection algorithms are described. A total of 359*3 kg-days data from three prototypes of CsI(Tl) crystals were taken at China Jinping underground laboratory where offers a good shielding environment. The contamination levels of internal isotopes from Cs-137, Th-232 and U-238 series, as well as the upper bounds of U-235 series are reported. Identification of the whole alpha8 peaks from U/Th decay chains and derivation of those corresponding quenching factors are achieved.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables
Global fits of scalar singlet dark matter with GAMBIT
Creators: name: Cornell, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wide range of probes of physics beyond the standard model leads to the need for tools that combine experimental results to make the most robust possible statements about the validity of theories and the preferred regions of their parameter space. Here we introduce a new code for such analyses: GAMBIT, the Global and Modular BSM Inference Tool. GAMBIT is a flexible and extensible framework for global fits of essentially any BSM theory. The code currently incorporates direct and indirect searches for dark matter, limits on production of new particles from the LHC and LEP, complete flavor constraints from LHCb, LHC Higgs production and decay measurements, and various electroweak precision observables. Here we present an overview of the code's capabilities, followed by preliminary results from scans of the scalar singlet dark matter model.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to proceedings of ICHEP 2016. v2: References added
The origin of the nuclear star-forming ring in NGC 3182
Creators: name: Pak, Mina
name: Lee, Joon Hyeop
name: Jeong, Hyunjin
name: Jeong, Woong-Seob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stellar and ionized gas kinematics, and stellar populations of NGC3182 galaxy using integral field spectrograph data from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. We try to clarify the nature of the ring structure in NGC 3182. We find a negative stellar age gradient out to the ring, while [α/Fe] considerably enhanced in the ring. The stellar metallicity shows a smooth negative gradient. From the line ratio diagnostic diagrams, we confirm that NGC 3182 is a Seyfert galaxy from emission line flux ratio, while the gas in the inner ring is ionized mostly by young stars. However, any obvious feature of outflows is not found in its gas kinematics. In the ring, star formation seems to have recently occurred and the gas metallicity is slightly enhanced compared to the center. From our results, we conclude that star formation has occurred in the circumnuclear region within a short period and this may result from a positive feedback by AGN radiation pressure.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in AJ
Latest results from lattice N=4 supersymmetric Yang--Mills
Creators: name: Schaich, David
name: Catterall, Simon
name: Damgaard, Poul H.
name: Giedt, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some of the latest results from our numerical investigations of N=4 supersymmetric Yang--Mills theory formulated on a space-time lattice. Based on a construction that exactly preserves a single supersymmetry at non-zero lattice spacing, we recently developed an improved lattice action that is now being employed in large-scale calculations. Here we update our studies of the static potential using this new action, also applying tree-level lattice perturbation theory to improve the analysis of the potential itself. Considering relatively weak couplings, we obtain results for the Coulomb coefficient that are consistent with continuum perturbation theory.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of Lattice 2016, July 24--30, Southampton, UK
Neutron spectroscopy: The case of the spherical proportional counter
Creators: name: Giomataris, I.
name: Katsioulas, I.
name: Knights, P.
name: Manthos, I.
name: Neep, T.
name: Nikolopoulos, K.
name: Papaevangelou, T.
name: Ward, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for many scientific and industrial applications, including underground Dark Matter searches. Neutron-induced backgrounds produced by cosmic ray muons and the cavern radioactivity can mimic the expected Dark Matter signal. However, existing neutron detection methods have several drawbacks and limitations, thus measurements remain elusive. A promising new approach to neutron spectroscopy is the use of a nitrogen-filled spherical proportional counter that exploits the $^{14}$N(n,$α$)$^{11}$B and $^{14}$N(n, p)$^{14}$C reactions. This is a safe, inexpensive, effective and reliable technique. In this work, the latest instrumentation developments are incorporated in a compact detector operated at the University of Birmingham (UoB) with high gain at gas pressure up to 1.8\,bar. We demonstrate spectroscopic measurements of thermalised and fast neutrons respectively from an $^{241}$Am-$^9$Be source and from the MC40 cyclotron facility at UoB. Additionally, the detector response to neutrons is simulated using a framework developed at UoB and compared with the experimental results.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, 15th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors
Therapist, Parent, and Youth Perspectives of Treatment Barriers to Family-Focused Community Outpatient Mental Health Services
Creators: name: Haine-Schlagel, Rachel
name: Baker-Ericzén, Mary J.
name: Jenkins, Melissa M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This exploratory qualitative study describes treatment barriers to receiving family-focused child mental health services for youths with disruptive behavior problems from multiple perspectives. Data were collected during a series of focus groups and interviews, including: 4 therapist focus groups, 3 parent focus groups, and 10 youth semi-structured interviews. Therapist, parent, and youth stakeholder participants discussed perceived barriers to effective treatment, the problems with current child outpatient therapy, and desired changes (i.e., policy, intervention, etc.) to improve mental health services. Results indicate similar themes around treatment barriers and dissatisfaction with services within and across multiple stakeholder groups, including inadequate support and lack of family involvement; however, parents and therapists, in particular, identified different contributing factors to these barriers. Overall, stakeholders reported much frustration and dissatisfaction with current community-based outpatient child therapy services. Study findings can inform service provision, intervention development, and future research.
Asymptotically free and safe quantum gravity scenarios consistent with Hubble, laboratory, and inflation scale physics
Creators: name: Hoshina, Hiroki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To find out the possible scenarios for quantum gravity consistent with the observed universe, we numerically investigate the non-perturbative renormalization group equations of a general quadratic gravity theory recently derived by Sen, Wetterich and Yamada (\textit{JHEP} 03 (2022) 130). As boundary conditions, we impose consistency with the Hubble scale and the laboratory scale experiments, and the Starobinsky model of inflation. We find two kinds of trajectories which go to different regime at the trans-Planckian scales: i) a trajectory which flows to the asymptotically free regime, and ii) a trajectory which flows to the asymptotically safe regime. To determine the early-time cosmological scenario, an additional observational data from beyond the homogeneous and isotropic space-time is necessary.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures
Dynamical Stability of Collapsing Stars in Einstein Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Creators: name: Abbas, G.
name: Sarwar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to study the stability/instability of the expansionfree self gravitating source in the framework of Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity. The source has been taken as Tolman-Bondi model which is homogenous in nature. The field equations as dynamical equations have been evaluated in Gauss-Bonnet gravity in five dimensions. The junction conditions as well as cavity evaluations equations have been explored in detail. The perturbation scheme of first order has been applied to dynamical as Einstein Gauss-Bonnet field equations. The concept of Newtonian as well post Newtonian approximation have been used to derive general dynamical stability equations. In general this equation represents the stability of the gravitating source. Some particular values of system parameters have been chosen to prove the concept of stability graphically. It has been mentioned that other than chosen the particular values of the parameters the stability of the system would be disturbed, hence it would leads to instability.
description: 19 Pages, 6 figures
Symmetry breaking in a globally coupled map of four sites
Creators: name: Sélley, Fanni M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A system of four globally coupled doubling maps is studied in this paper. It is known that such systems have a unique absolutely continuous invariant measure (acim) for weak interaction, but the case of stronger coupling is still unexplored. As in the case of three coupled sites, we prove the existence of a critical value of the coupling parameter at which multiple acims appear. Our proof has several new ingredients in comparison to the one presented in our previous paper regarding the system of three sites. We strongly exploit the symmetries of the dynamics in the course of the argument. This simplifies the computations considerably, and gives us a precise description of the geometry and symmetry properties of the arising asymmetric invariant sets. Some new phenomena are observed which are not present in the case of three sites. In particular, the asymmetric invariant sets arise in areas of the phase space which are transient for weaker coupling and a nontrivial symmetric invariant set emerges, shaped by an underlying centrally symmetric Lorenz map. We state some conjectures on further invariant sets, indicating that unlike the case of three sites, ergodicity breaks down in many steps, and not all of them are accompanied by symmetry breaking.
description: the exact formula for $\varepsilon^*$ is corrected ([v4] contains more detailed calculations)
Prediction Errors for Penalized Regressions based on Generalized Approximate Message Passing
Creators: name: Sakata, Ayaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the prediction accuracy of assumed statistical models in terms of prediction errors for the generalized linear model and penalized maximum likelihood methods. We derive the forms of estimators for the prediction errors, such as $C_p$ criterion, information criteria, and leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) error, using the generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm and replica method. These estimators coincide with each other when the number of model parameters is sufficiently small; however, there is a discrepancy between them in particular in the parameter region where the number of model parameters is larger than the data dimension. In this paper, we review the prediction errors and corresponding estimators, and discuss their differences. In the framework of GAMP, we show that the information criteria can be expressed by using the variance of the estimates. Further, we demonstrate how to approach LOOCV error from the information criteria by utilizing the expression provided by GAMP.
description: 73 pages, 13 figures, accepted Journal of Physics A
DSE Perspective on QCD Modeling, Distribution Amplitudes, and Form Factors
Creators: name: Tandy, Peter C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe results for the pion distribution amplitude (PDA) at the non-perturbative scale $μ=~$2GeV by projecting the Poincaré-covariant Bethe-Salpeter wave-function onto the light-front and use it to investigate the ultraviolet behavior of the electromagnetic form factor, $F_π(Q^2)$, on the entire domain of spacelike $Q^2$. The significant dilation of this PDA compared to the known asymptotic PDA is a signature of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (DCSB) on the light front. We investigate the transition region of $Q^2$ where non-perturbative behavior of constituent-like quarks gives way to the partonic-like behavior of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). The non-perturbative approach is based on the Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) framework for continuum investigations in QCD. The leading-order, leading-twist perturbative QCD result for $Q^2 F_π(Q^2)$ underestimates the new DSE computation by just 15\% on $Q^2\gtrsim 8\,$GeV$^2$, in stark contrast with the result obtained using the asymptotic PDA.
description: 9.5 pages, 4 figures, invited presentation at the Light-Cone 2013 Workshop, Skiathos, Greece. Published 24 May 2014
Adolescent Girls and Their Mothers Talk About Experiences of Binge and Loss of Control Eating
Creators: name: Palmberg, Allison A.
name: Mazzeo, Suzanne E.
name: Hofmeier, Sara M.
name: Kelly, Nichole R.
name: Bulik, Cynthia
name: Belgrave, Faye Z.
name: Stern, Marilyn
name: Trapp, Stephen K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Evidence suggests that adolescents’ experience of binge eating (BE) might differ in important ways from that of adults. Moreover, although BE appears more common in African American women than other disordered eating behaviors, little is known about the influence of cultural factors on this behavior in adolescents. The current investigation used qualitative methodology to examine the perceptions of White and African American adolescent girls and their mothers regarding experiences of binge and loss of control eating. Five focus groups were completed with 19 adolescent girls (aged 13–17, 58 % African American, 41 % White) who endorsed loss of control eating behaviors. Their mothers (N = 19) also completed separate, concurrent focus groups addressing food and eating behaviors. Responses to focus group questions were analyzed using thematic qualitative analysis. Adolescents’ awareness of their eating behaviors varied greatly. Girls reported some awareness of how emotions influence their eating behaviors, and described using food to achieve autonomy. Mothers evidenced awareness of their daughters’ problematic eating behaviors, the effects of emotions on eating for both their daughters and themselves, and sociocultural factors influencing diet. Data from these focus groups can inform the development of innovative interventions for adolescent girls engaging in loss of control eating.
Production of $χ_c$- and $χ_b$-mesons in high energy hadronic collisions
Creators: name: Likhoded, A. K.
name: Luchinsky, A. V.
name: Poslavsky, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is devoted to phenomenological study of $χ_{c,b}$-mesons production in high energy hadronic collisions in the framework of NRQCD. We analyze all available experimental data on $χ_c$-mesons production and extract non-perturbative NRQCD matrix elements from fitting the data. We show, that measured $p_T$-spectrum of $χ_c$-mesons is mainly formed by color singlet components, while $σ(χ_{c2})/σ(χ_{c1})$ ratio depends strongly on color octet matrix elements; this ratio becomes a highly sensitive tool to study contribution of different terms from the NRQCD expansion. Obtained using NRQCD scaling rules predictions for $χ_b$-mesons cross sections are also given.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Cosmogenic neutrinos and gamma-rays and the redshift evolution of UHECR sources
Creators: name: Aloisio, Roberto
name: Boncioli, Denise
name: di Matteo, Armando
name: Evoli, Carmelo
name: Grillo, Aurelio F.
name: Petrera, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 85A40

description: If ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) have extragalactic origins, as is widely assumed to be the case at least for the majority of cosmic rays with energies above a few EeV, secondary neutrinos and photons can be expected to be produced during the propagation of UHECRs through intergalactic space via interactions with cosmic background photons. The fluxes of such secondary particles are strongly dependent on the redshift evolution of the emissivity (number density times luminosity) of UHECR sources. We show how cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays can potentially provide complementary information about UHECR source evolution.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; published in the proceedings of the Neutrino Oscillation Workshop, 4-11 September 2016, Otranto, Italy
Change in Age-Specific, Psychosocial Correlates of Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Youth: Longitudinal Findings From a Deep South, High-Risk Sample
Creators: name: Howell, Rebecca J.
name: Bolland, John M.
name: Ritchwood, Tiarney D.
name: Church, Wesley T.
name: Traylor, Amy C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The current study examined psychosocial predictors of change in intercourse frequency and number of sexual partners among youth within a socio-ecological framework and assessed whether these determinants vary by stage of adolescent development. Longitudinal data were derived from a large, community study of adolescent risky behavior among predominantly high-risk, African American youth. Significant predictors of intercourse frequency for early adolescents included age, gender, self-worth, and familial factors; for older youth, age, gender, self-worth, curfews, and sense of community exerted significant effects. Among early adolescents, age, gender, self-worth, familial factors, and sense of community predicted change in the number of sexual partners in the previous year, while age, gender, self-worth, parental knowledge, curfews, and sense of community were predictive of change in the number of sexual partners in the previous year among older youth. Study implications and future directions are discussed.
8.7-W average power, in-band pumped femtosecond Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 um
Creators: name: Yao, Weichao
name: Wang, Yicheng
name: Tomilov, Sergei
name: Hoffmann, Martin
name: Ahmed, Sharhwar
name: Liebald, Christoph
name: Rytz, Daniel
name: Peltz, Mark
name: Wesemann, Volker
name: Saraceno, Clara J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an in-band pumped SESAM mode-locked Ho:CALGO bulk laser with a record-high average power of 8.7 W and an optical-to-optical efficiency of 38.2% at a central wavelength of 2.1 um. At this power level, the bulk laser generates pulses with a duration of 369 fs at 84.4-MHz repetition rate, corresponding to a pulse energy of 103 nJ and a peak power of 246 kW. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power and pulse energy directly generated from a mode-locked bulk laser in the 2-3 um wavelength region. Our current results indicate that Ho:CALGO is a competitive candidate for average power scaling of 2 um femtosecond lasers.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Erratum to: Mindfulness and Self-Compassion: Exploring Pathways to Adolescent Emotional Well-Being [J Child Fam Stud, DOI 10.1007/s10826-013-9830-2
Creators: name: Blanton, Priscilla W.
name: Bluth, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Adolescents today are confronted with the compounded stressors of life in our high-pressured society and the cognitive, physiological, and emotional changes characteristic of this stage of development. To explore ways to promote well-being in this population, mindfulness, defined as paying attention in the moment in an intentional and purposeful way, was examined in terms of its associations with aspects of emotional well being. It has been reported to have positive effects on emotional well-being in adults, and shows promise for similar results in research with youth. Moreover, the mechanisms through which being mindful may influence positive outcomes have only recently been explored, and have not been investigated with adolescents. Self-compassion, defined by the three components of self-kindness, sensing oneself as part of a common humanity, and maintaining perspective in challenging circumstances, was examined as a potential mediator of the relationship of mindfulness to various outcome measures. Measures assessing mindfulness, self-compassion, and aspects of emotional well-being comprised an online survey that was administered to 67 adolescents in an urban high school. Path analysis was utilized to explore relationships among the variables. An alternate model with self-compassion as the predictor and mindfulness as the mediator was also investigated. Results suggested that both mindfulness and self-compassion functioned as mediators in the pathway to emotional well-being. A theorized model is presented which depicts a reciprocal relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion and describes an iterative process that takes place between these two constructs, promoting emotional well-being. Implications for research and practice include conducting longitudinal studies, which assess constructs at three time points to definitively establish mediation, and developing a self-compassion program tailored for adolescents to facilitate improvements in emotional well-being.
The equality case in a Poincaré-Wirtinger type inequality
Creators: name: Brandolini, B.
name: Chiacchio, F.
name: Krejčiřík, D.
name: Trombetti, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, generalizing to the non smooth case already existing results, we prove that, for any convex planar set $Ω$, the first non-trivial Neumann eigenvalue $μ_1(Ω)$ of the Hermite operator is greater than or equal to 1. Furthermore, and this is our main result, under some additional assumptions on $Ω$, we show that $μ_1(Ω)=1$ if and only if $Ω$ is any strip. The study of the equality case requires, among other things, an asymptotic analysis of the eigenvalues of the Hermite operator in thin domains.
How quantum phases on cylinders approach the 2d limit
Creators: name: Gannot, Yuval
name: Kivelson, Steven A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the properties of $T=0$ quantum phases of matter - especially superconducting and analogous spin-liquid phases - on infinite cylinders of width $L_\perp$ and analyze the ways in which the $L_\perp \to \infty$ (2d) limit is approached. This problem is interesting in its own right, but is particularly important in the context of extrapolating accessible density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) results on model strongly interacting problems to the desired 2d limit. Various methods for drawing firm conclusions about the quantum phases in 2d from relatively small $L_{\perp}$ results are illustrated.
description: 8+11 pages, 6+1 figures; (v3) typos fixed, clarifying remarks and illustration added
Asymmetric evolution of magnetic reconnection in collisionless accretion disk
Creators: name: Shirakawa, Keisuke
name: Hoshino, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An evolution of a magnetic reconnection in a collisionless accretion disk is investigated using a 2.5 dimensional hybrid code simulation. In astrophysical disks, magnetorotational instability (MRI) is considered to play an important role by generating turbulence in the disk and contributes to an effective angular momentum transport through a turbulent viscosity. Magnetic reconnection, on the other hand, also plays an important role on the evolution of the disk through a dissipation of a magnetic field enhanced by a dynamo effect of MRI. In this study, we developed a hybrid code to calculate an evolution of a differentially rotating system. With this code, we first confirmed a linear growth of MRI. We also investigated a behavior of a particular structure of a current sheet, which would exist in the turbulence in the disk. From the calculation of the magnetic reconnection, we found an asymmetric structure in the out-of-plane magnetic field during the evolution of reconnection, which can be understood by a coupling of the Hall effect and the differential rotation. We also found a migration of X-point whose direction is determined only by an initial sign of J_0 \times Ω_0, where J_0 is the initial current density in the neutral sheet and Ω_0 is the rotational vector of the background Keplerian rotation. Associated with the migration of X-point, we also found a significant enhancement of the perpendicular magnetic field compared to an ordinary MRI. MRI-Magnetic reconnection coupling and the resulting magnetic field enhancement can be an effective process to sustain a strong turbulence in the accretion disk and to a transport of angular momentum.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Solving multivariate polynomial systems and an invariant from commutative algebra
Creators: name: Caminata, Alessio
name: Gorla, Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94A60, 13P10, 13P15, 13P25, 68W40

description: The complexity of computing the solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equations by means of Groebner bases computations is upper bounded by a function of the solving degree. In this paper, we discuss how to rigorously estimate the solving degree of a system, focusing on systems arising within public-key cryptography. In particular, we show that it is upper bounded by, and often equal to, the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of the ideal generated by the homogenization of the equations of the system, or by the equations themselves in case they are homogeneous. We discuss the underlying commutative algebra and clarify under which assumptions the commonly used results hold. In particular, we discuss the assumption of being in generic coordinates (often required for bounds obtained following this type of approach) and prove that systems that contain the field equations or their fake Weil descent are in generic coordinates. We also compare the notion of solving degree with that of degree of regularity, which is commonly used in the literature. We complement the paper with some examples of bounds obtained following the strategy that we describe.
description: Final version. Theorem numbering adjusted to match the published version
$D=5$ static, charged black holes, strings and rings with resonant, scalar $Q$-hair
Creators: name: Brihaye, Yves
name: Herdeiro, Carlos
name: Radu, Eugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mechanism for circumventing the Mayo-Bekenstein no-hair theorem allows endowing four dimensional $(D=4)$ asymptotically flat, spherical, electro-vacuum black holes with a minimally coupled $U(1)$-gauged scalar field profile: $Q$-$hair$. The scalar field must be massive, self-interacting and obey a {\it resonance condition} at the threshold of (charged) superradiance. We establish generality for this mechanism by endowing three different types of static black objects with scalar hair, within a $D=5$ Einstein-Maxwell-gauged scalar field model: asymptotically flat black holes and black rings; and black strings which asymptote to a Kaluza-Klein vacuum. These $D=5$ $Q$-hairy black objects share many of the features of their $D=4$ counterparts. In particular, the scalar field is subject to a resonance condition and possesses a $Q$-ball type potential. For the static black ring, the charged scalar hair can balance it, yielding solutions that are singularity free on and outside the horizon.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures
Characterization of Spherical and Plane Curves Using Rotation Minimizing Frames
Creators: name: da Silva, Luiz C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 53A04, 53A55, 53B99

description: In this work, we study plane and spherical curves in Euclidean and Lorentz-Minkowski 3-spaces by employing rotation minimizing (RM) frames. By conveniently writing the curvature and torsion for a curve on a sphere, we show how to find the angle between the principal normal and an RM vector field for spherical curves. Later, we characterize plane and spherical curves as curves whose position vector lies, up to a translation, on a moving plane spanned by their unit tangent and an RM vector field. Finally, as an application, we characterize Bertrand curves and slant helices as curves whose so-called natural mates are spherical and general helices, respectively.
description: 6 pages. Keywords: Rotation minimizing frame, spherical curve, plane curve, Bertrand curve, slant helix, general helix
Spin-foams as semi-classical vertices: gluing constraints and a hybrid algorithm
Creators: name: Asante, Seth K.
name: Simão, José Diogo
name: Steinhaus, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical methods in spin-foam models have significantly advanced in the last few years, yet challenges remain in efficiently extracting results for amplitudes with many quantum degrees of freedom. In this paper we sketch a proposal for a ``hybrid algorithm'' that would use both the full quantum amplitude and its asymptotic approximation in the relevant regimes. As a first step towards the algorithm, we derive a new representation of the partition function where each spin-foam vertex possesses its own coherent data, such that it can be individually asymptotically approximated. We do this through the implementation of gluing constraints between vertices, which we study numerically. We further derive an asymptotic expression for the constraints for arbitrary boundary data, including data for which there are no critical points. From this new representation we conjecture an intermediate quasi-geometric spin-foam regime describing a superposition of semi-classical vertices glued in a non-matching way via the gluing constraints.
description: 36 pages, 13 figures
Importance of magnetic shape anisotropy in determining magnetic and electronic properties of monolayer $\mathrm{VSi_2P_4}$
Creators: name: Guo, San-Dong
name: Tao, Yu-Ling
name: Cheng, Kai
name: Wang, Bing
name: Ang, Yee-Sin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnets have been a fascinating subject of research, and magnetic anisotropy (MA) is indispensable for stabilizing the 2D magnetic order. Here, we investigate magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE), magnetic and electronic properties of $\mathrm{VSi_2P_4}$ by using the generalized gradient approximation plus $U$ (GGA+$U$) approach. For large $U$, the magnetic shape anisotropy (MSA) energy has a more pronounced contribution to the MAE, which can overcome the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) energy to evince an easy-plane. For fixed out-of-plane MA, monolayer $\mathrm{VSi_2P_4}$ undergoes ferrovalley (FV), half-valley-metal (HVM), valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall insulator (VQAHI), HVM and FV states with increasing $U$. However, for assumptive in-plane MA, there is no special quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) state and spontaneous valley polarization within considered $U$ range. According to the MAE and electronic structure with fixed out-of-plane or in-plane MA, the intrinsic phase diagram shows common magnetic semiconductor (CMS), FV and VQAHI in monolayer $\mathrm{VSi_2P_4}$. At representative $U$$=$3 eV widely used in references, $\mathrm{VSi_2P_4}$ can be regarded as a 2D-$XY$ magnet, not Ising-like 2D long-range order magnets predicted in previous works with only considering MCA energy. Our findings shed light on importance of MSA in determining magnetic and electronic properties of monolayer $\mathrm{VSi_2P_4}$.
description: 7 pages,7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2205.07012
A Global Three Dimensional Radiation Magneto-hydrodynamic Simulation of Super-Eddington Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Jiang, Yan-Fei
name: Stone, James M.
name: Davis, Shane W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study super-Eddington accretion flows onto black holes using a global three dimensional radiation magneto-hydrodynamical simulation. We solve the time dependent radiative transfer equation for the specific intensities to accurately calculate the angular distribution of the emitted radiation. Turbulence generated by the magneto-rotational instability provides self-consistent angular momentum transfer. The simulation reaches inflow equilibrium with an accretion rate ~220L_edd/c^2 and forms a radiation driven outflow along the rotation axis. The mechanical energy flux carried by the outflow is ~20% of the radiative energy flux. The total mass flux lost in the outflow is about 29% of the net accretion rate. The radiative luminosity of this flow is ~10L_edd. This yields a radiative efficiency ~4.5%, which is comparable to the value in a standard thin disk model. In our simulation, vertical advection of radiation caused by magnetic buoyancy transports energy faster than photon diffusion, allowing a significant fraction of the photons to escape from the surface of the disk before being advected into the black hole. We contrast our results with the lower radiative efficiencies inferred in most models, such as the slim disk model, which neglect vertical advection. Our inferred radiative efficiencies also exceed published results from previous global numerical simulations, which did not attribute a significant role to vertical advection. We briefly discuss the implications for the growth of supermassive black holes in the early universe and describe how these results provided a basis for explaining the spectrum and population statistics of ultraluminous X-ray sources.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ
Why Virginity Pledges Succeed or Fail: The Moderating Effect of Religious Commitment Versus Religious Participation
Creators: name: Simons, Leslie Gordon
name: Landor, Antoinette M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Over the past two decades, virginity pledges have proliferated in the US, despite mixed results regarding their effectiveness. Few studies have examined possible mechanisms that may shed light on why pledges work for some individuals but not others. Using a sample of emerging-adults aged 18–24 years old (n = 1,380),we examine the influence of religiosity on pledge signing and adherence, specifically whether the effectiveness of pledges is moderated by religiosity. Findings show that while religious participation is positively associated with signing a pledge, there is amoderating effect of religious commitment. That is, when religious commitment is high, adherence to the pledge is greater. However, for pledge signers with low religious commitment, there are unintended negative consequences with regard to increased participation in risky sexual behaviors, whether compared to other people who signed the pledge who are equally committed to their religion or to individuals who have never taken such a pledge. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Supernovae and extragalactic astronomy with laser guide star adaptive optics
Creators: name: Ryder, Stuart D.
name: Mattila, Seppo
name: Kankare, Erkki
name: Vaisanen, Petri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the latest generation of adaptive optics imaging systems together with laser guide stars on 8m-class telescopes, we are finally revealing the previously-hidden population of supernovae in starburst galaxies. Finding these supernovae and measuring the amount of absorption due to dust is crucial to being able to accurately trace the star formation history of our Universe. Our images of the host galaxies are amongst the sharpest ever obtained from the ground, and reveal much about how and why these galaxies are forming massive stars (that become supernovae) at such a prodigious rate.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Invited review 9148-12 at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014
Percolation and Dissolution of Borromean Networks
Creators: name: Ferschweiler, Donald G.
name: Blair, Ryan
name: Klotz, Alexander R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inspired by experiments on topologically linked DNA networks, we consider the connectivity of Borromean networks, in which no two rings share a pairwise-link, but groups of three rings form inseparable triplets. Specifically, we focus on square lattices at which each node is embedded a loop which forms a Borromean link with pairs of its nearest neighbors. By mapping the Borromean link network onto a lattice representation, we investigate the percolation threshold of these networks, (the fraction of occupied nodes required for a giant component), as well as the dissolution properties: the spectrum of topological links that would be released if the network were dissolved to varying degrees. We find that the percolation threshold of the Borromean square lattice occurs when approximately 60.75\% of nodes are occupied, slightly higher than the 59.27\% typical of a square lattice. Compared to the dissolution of Hopf-linked networks, a dissolved Borromean network will yield more isolated loops, and fewer isolated triplets per single loop. Our simulation results may be used to predict experiments from Borromean structures produced by synthetic chemistry.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
On Arithmetic Series involving the fractional part function
Creators: name: Patkowski, Alexander E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present new relationships between the work of H. Davenport and A. I. Popov. A new general formula involving the Von Mangoldt function is presented, as well as a criteria for the Riemann Hypothesis.