cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Linking the Interiors and Surfaces of Magnetic Stars
Creators: name: Fuller, Jim
name: Mathis, Stephane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong magnetic fields are observed in a substantial fraction of upper main sequence stars and white dwarfs. Many such stars are observed to exhibit photometric modulations as the magnetic poles rotate in and out of view, which could be a consequence of magnetic perturbations to the star's thermal structure. The magnetic pressure is typically larger than the gas pressure at the star's photosphere, but much smaller than the gas pressure in the star's interior, so the expected surface flux perturbations are not clear. We compute magnetically perturbed stellar structures of young $3 \, M_\odot$ stars that are in both hydrostatic and thermal equilibrium, and which contain both poloidal and toroidal components of a dipolar magnetic field as expected for stable fossil fields. This provides semi-analytical models of such fields in baroclinic stably stratified regions. The star's internal pressure, temperature, and flux perturbations can have a range of magnitudes, though we argue the most likely configurations exhibit flux perturbations much smaller than the ratio of surface magnetic pressure to surface gas pressure, but much larger than the ratio of surface magnetic pressure to central gas pressure. The magnetic pole is hotter than the equator in our models, but a cooler magnetic pole is possible depending on the magnetic field configuration. The expected flux variations for observed field strengths are $δL/L \! \lesssim \! 10^{-6}$, much smaller than those observed in magnetic stars, suggesting that observed perturbations stem from changes to the emergent spectrum rather than changes to the bolometric flux.
description: Submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome!
Japanese-US Common-Arm Analysis of Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin in Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Model for Assessing Population-Related Pharmacogenomics
Creators: name: Lara, Primo N.
name: Mack, Philip C.
name: Teramukai, Satoshi
name: Saijo, Nagahiro
name: Moon, James
name: Fukushima, Masanori
name: Fukuoka, Masahiro
name: McLeod, Howard L.
name: Gautschi, Oliver
name: Ohe, Yuichiro
name: Kawahara, Masaaki
name: Lenz, Heinz Josef
name: Kubota, Kaoru
name: Coltman, Charles Arthur
name: Crowley, John
name: Gandara, David R.
name: Furuse, Kiyoyuki
name: Williamson, Stephen K.
name: Kawaguchi, Tomoya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To explore whether population-related pharmacogenomics contribute to differences in patient outcomes between clinical trials performed in Japan and the United States, given similar study designs, eligibility criteria, staging, and treatment regimens.
Molecular gas properties in young stellar clusters with a suppressed star cluster wind
Creators: name: Silich, Sergiy
name: Turner, Jean
name: Mackey, Jonathan
name: Martinez-Gonzalez, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In compact and dense star-forming clouds a global star cluster wind could be suppressed. In this case the stellar feedback is unable to expel the leftover gas from the cluster. Young massive stars remain embedded into a dense residual gas and stir it moving in the gravitational well of the system. Here we present a self-consistent model for the molecular gas distribution in such young, enshrouded stellar clusters. It is assumed that the cloud collapse terminates and the star formation ceases when a balance between the turbulent pressure and gravity and between the turbulent energy dissipation and regeneration rates is established. These conditions result in an equation that determines the residual gas density distribution that, in turn, allows one to determine the other characteristics of the leftover gas and the star formation efficiency. It is shown that model predictions are in good agreement with several observationally determined properties of cloud D1 in nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy NGC 5253 and its embedded cluster.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ Letters
Lack of Comprehension of Common Prostate Cancer Terms in an Underserved Population
Creators: name: Krahn, Murray
name: Bashore, Randall
name: Connors, Alfred F.
name: Kilbridge, Kerry L.
name: Nelson, Elizabeth M.
name: Gong, Debra A.
name: Nease, Robert F.
name: Conaway, Mark
name: Wolf, Andrew
name: Fraser, Gertrude
name: Barry, Michael J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To assess the comprehension of common medical terms used in prostate cancer in patient education materials to obtain informed consent, and to measure outcomes after prostate cancer treatment. We address this issue among underserved, African-American men because of the increased cancer incidence and mortality observed in this population.
Structual Study of Galactic Hot Gas toward Markarian 421 from X-Ray Absorption and Emission Lines
Creators: name: Sakai, Kazuhiro
name: Yao, Yangsen
name: Mitsuda, Kazuhisa
name: Yamasaki, Noriko
name: Wang, Q. Daniel
name: Takei, Yoh
name: McCammon, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a structural study of the hot ISM in the Galactic halo along the sight line toward the bright active galactic nucleus Mkn 421. The OVII and OVIII absorption lines were measured with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrograph aboard Chandra toward Mkn 421, and the OVII and OVIII emission lines were observed in the adjacent fields of the sight line with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer aboard Suzaku. We jointly analyzed the absorption and the emission spectra assuming exponential distributions of the gas temperature and density from the Galactic plane, and constrained the temperature and density at the plane to be $(3.2^{+0.6}_{-0.7})\times 10^6\,\mathrm{K}$ and $(1.2^{+0.5}_{-0.4})\times 10^{-3}\,\mathrm{cm^{-3}}$, with the scale heights of $1.6^{+1.7}_{-0.7}\,\mathrm{kpc}$ and $>2.8\,\mathrm{kpc}$ respectively. The results are consistent with those obtained in the LMC X-3 direction and the PKS 2155-304 direction, describing a thick disk-like hot gas with its height of a few kpc from the Galactic plane.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures
Microsatellite Instability Predicts Improved Response to Adjuvant Therapy With Irinotecan, Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin in Stage III Colon Cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Protocol 89803
Creators: name: Redston, Mark
name: Hahn, Hejin P.
name: Niedzwiecki, Donna
name: Damas, Beatrice
name: Warren, Robert S.
name: Hall, Margaret
name: Mayer, Robert J.
name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: Saltz, Leonard B.
name: Jewell, Scott D.
name: Bertagnolli, Monica M.
name: Compton, Carolyn C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Colon cancers exhibiting DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects demonstrate distinct clinical and pathologic features, including better prognosis and reduced response to fluorouracil (FU) –based chemotherapy. This prospective study investigated adjuvant chemotherapy containing FU and irinotecan in patients with MMR deficient (MMR-D) colon cancers.
Review of the multilayer coating model
Creators: name: Kubo, Takayuki
name: Iwashita, Yoshihisa
name: Saeki, Takayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent theoretical study on the multilayer-coating model published in Applied Physics Letters [1] is reviewed. Magnetic-field attenuation behavior in a multilayer coating model is different from a semi-infinite superconductor and a superconducting thin film. This difference causes that of the vortex-penetration field at which the Bean-Livingston surface barrier disappears. A material with smaller penetration depth, such as a pure Nb, is preferable as the substrate for pushing up the vortex-penetration field of the superconductor layer. The field limit of the whole structure of the multilayer coating model is limited not only by the vortex-penetration field of the superconductor layer, but also by that of the substrate. Appropriate thicknesses of superconductor and insulator layers can be extracted from contour plots of the field limit of the multilayer coating model given in Ref.[1].
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, the 5th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC14), Dresden, Germany, 15-20 June, 2014
Characterization and Verification of Trotterized Digital Quantum Simulation via Hamiltonian and Liouvillian Learning
Creators: name: Pastori, Lorenzo
name: Olsacher, Tobias
name: Kokail, Christian
name: Zoller, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of digital quantum simulation is to approximate the dynamics of a given target Hamiltonian via a sequence of quantum gates, a procedure known as Trotterization. The quality of this approximation can be controlled by the so called Trotter step, that governs the number of required quantum gates per unit simulation time. The stroboscopic dynamics generated by Trotterization is effectively described by a time-independent Hamiltonian, referred to as the Floquet Hamiltonian. In this work, we propose Floquet Hamiltonian learning to reconstruct the experimentally realized Floquet Hamiltonian order-by-order in the Trotter step. This procedure is efficient, i.e., it requires a number of measurements that scales polynomially in the system size, and can be readily implemented in state-of-the-art experiments. With numerical examples, we propose several applications of our method in the context of verification of quantum devices: from the characterization of the distinct sources of errors in digital quantum simulators to determining the optimal operating regime of the device. We show that our protocol provides the basis for feedback-loop design and calibration of new types of quantum gates. Furthermore it can be extended to the case of non-unitary dynamics and used to learn Floquet Liouvillians, thereby offering a way of characterizing the dissipative processes present in NISQ quantum devices.
Machine learning enables robust prediction of thermal boundary conductance of 2D substrate interfaces
Creators: name: Foss, Cameron
name: Aksamija, Zlatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) materials exhibit a broad palette of unique and superlative properties, including high electrical and thermal conductivities, paired with the ability to exfoliate or grow and transfer single layers onto a variety of substrates thanks to the relatively weak vdW interlayer bonding. However, the same vdW bonds also lead to relatively low thermal boundary conductance (TBC) between the 2D layer and its 3D substrate, which is the main pathway for heat removal and thermal management in devices, leading to a potential thermal bottleneck and dissipation-driven performance degradation. Here we use first-principles phonon dispersion with our 2D-3D Boltzmann phonon transport model to compute the TBC of 156 unique 2D/3D interface pairs, many of which are not available in the literature. We then employ machine learning (ML) to develop streamlined predictive models, of which Neural Network and Gaussian process display the highest predictive accuracy (RMSE $<$ 5 MWm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ and $R^2>$0.99) on the complete descriptor set. Then we perform sensitivity analysis to identify the most impactful descriptors, consisting of the vdW spring coupling constant, 2D thermal conductivity, ZA phonon bandwidth, the ZA phonon resonance gap, and the frequency of the first van Hove singularity or Boson peak. On that reduced set, we find that a decision-tree algorithm can make accurate predictions (RMSE $<$ 20 MWm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$ and $R^2>$0.9) on materials it has not been trained on by performing a transferability analysis. Our model allows optimal selection of 2D-substrate pairings to maximize heat transfer and will improve thermal management in future 2D nanoelectronics.
description: 10 pages, figure figures, accepted in APL special issue on phonons in vdW materials
Economic state classification and portfolio optimisation with application to stagflationary environments
Creators: name: James, Nick
name: Menzies, Max
name: Chin, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by the current fears of a potentially stagflationary global economic environment, this paper uses new and recently introduced mathematical techniques to study multivariate time series pertaining to country inflation (CPI), economic growth (GDP) and equity index behaviours. We begin by assessing the temporal evolution among various economic phenomena, and complement this analysis with `economic driver analysis,' where we decouple country economic trajectories and determine what is most important in their association. Next, we study the temporal self-similarity of global inflation, growth and equity index returns to identify the most anomalous historic periods, and windows in the past that are most similar to current market dynamics. We then introduce a new algorithm to construct economic state classifications and compute an economic state integral, where countries are determined to belong in one of four candidate states based on their inflation and growth behaviours. Finally, we implement a decade-by-decade portfolio optimisation to determine which equity indices and portfolio assets have been most beneficial in maximising portfolio risk-adjusted returns in various market conditions. This could be of great interest to those looking for asset allocation guidance in the current period of high economic uncertainty.
description: Accepted manuscript. Minor edits since v3
Phase I and Pharmacokinetic Study of Sorafenib in Patients With Hepatic or Renal Dysfunction: CALGB 60301
Creators: name: Abou-Alfa, Ghassan
name: Owzar, Kouros
name: Lewis, Lionel D.
name: Dees, E. Claire
name: Hohl, Raymond J.
name: Desai, Apurva
name: Edelman, Martin J.
name: Villalona-Calero, Miguel A.
name: Ratain, Mark J.
name: Fakih, Marwan G.
name: Kennedy, Erin B.
name: Miller, Antonius A.
name: Hollis, Donna R.
name: Murry, Daryl J.
name: Hwang, Jimmy
name: Frank, Richard C.
name: Millard, Fred
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We sought to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) and determine a tolerable dose of oral sorafenib in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction.
Development of a Laser-based angle-resolved-photoemission spectrometer with sub-micrometer spatial resolution and high-efficiency spin detection
Creators: name: Xu, R. Z.
name: Gu, X.
name: Zhao, W. X.
name: Zhou, J. S.
name: Zhang, Q. Q.
name: Du, X.
name: Li, Y. D.
name: Mao, Y. H.
name: Zhao, D.
name: Huang, K.
name: Zhang, C. F.
name: Wang, F.
name: Liu, Z. K.
name: Chen, Y. L.
name: Yang, L. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with sub-micrometer spatial resolution (μ-ARPES), has become a powerful tool for studying quantum materials. To achieve sub-micrometer or even nanometer-scale spatial resolution, it is important to focus the incident light beam (usually from the synchrotron radiation) using X-ray optics such as the zone plate or ellipsoidal capillary mirrors. Recently, we developed a laser-based μ-ARPES with spin-resolution (LMS-ARPES). The 177 nm laser beam is achieved by frequency doubling a 355 nm beam using a KBBF crystal and subsequently focused using an optical lens with a focal length of about 16 mm. By characterizing the focused spot size using different methods and performing spatial-scanning photoemission measurement, we confirm the sub-micron spatial resolution of the system. Compared with the μ-ARPES facilities based on synchrotron radiation, our LMS-ARPES system is not only more economical and convenient but also with higher photon flux (> 5E13 photons/s), thus enabling the high-resolution and high-statistics measurements. Moreover, the system is equipped with a two-dimensional spin detector based on exchange scattering at a surface-passivated iron film grown on a W(100) substrate. We investigate the spin structure of the prototype topological insulator Bi2Se3 and reveal a high spin-polarization rate, confirming its spin-momentum locking property. This lab-based LMS-ARPES will be a powerful research tool for studying the local fine electronic structures of different condensed matter systems, including topological quantum materials, mesoscopic materials and structures, and phase-separated materials.
description: To appear in RSI
Ballistic Heat Conduction and Mass Disorder in One Dimension
Creators: name: Ong, Zhun-Yong
name: Zhang, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that in the disordered harmonic chain, heat conduction is subballistic and the thermal conductivity ($κ$) scales asymptotically as $\lim_{L\rightarrow\infty}κ\propto L^{0.5}$ where $L$ is the chain length. However, using the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method and analytical modeling, we show that there exists a critical crossover length scale ($L_{C}$) below which ballistic heat conduction ($κ\propto L$) can coexist with mass disorder. This ballistic-to-subballistic heat conduction crossover is connected to the exponential attenuation of the phonon transmittance function $Ξ$ i.e. $Ξ(ω,L)=\exp[-L/λ(ω)]$, where $λ$ is the frequency-dependent attenuation length. The crossover length can be determined from the minimum attenuation length which depends on the maximum transmitted frequency. We numerically determine the dependence of the transmittance on frequency and mass composition as well as derive a closed form estimate which agrees closely with the numerical results. For the length-dependent thermal conductance, we also derive a closed form expression which agrees closely with numerical results and reproduces the ballistic to subballistic thermal conduction crossover. This allows us to characterize the crossover in terms of changes in the length, mass composition and temperature dependence, and also to determine the conditions under which heat conduction enters the ballistic regime. We describe how the mass composition can be modified to increase ballistic heat conduction
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
A Universal Profile for Stacked Filaments from Cold Dark Matter Simulations
Creators: name: Yang, Tianyi
name: Hudson, Michael J.
name: Afshordi, Niayesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stacked filaments connecting group-mass halo pairs, using dark-matter-only N-body simulations. We calculate the dark matter over-density profile of these stacked filaments at different redshifts as a function of the distance perpendicular to the filament axis. A four-parameter universal functional form, including three comoving scale radii and one amplitude parameter (core density), provides a good fit out to a radius of 20 cMpc/h for stacked filaments over a range of redshifts, lengths and masses. The scale radii are approximately independent of redshift but increase as power-laws with the comoving filament length. Lastly, we compare the scaling of the filament mass measured directly from the simulations to the predicted scaling from the halo-halo-matter three-point correlation function as a function of redshift and of the mass of the halo pairs. We find that both measured scalings are similar to, but somewhat shallower than the predictions, by 10% and 30%, respectively. These results provide a template to interpret present and upcoming observational results based on stacking, for example, weak lensing, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich, or X-ray observations.
description: 15 pages. 11 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. Comments welcome
Momentum transport properties of a hot and dense QCD matter in a weak magnetic field
Creators: name: Rath, Shubhalaxmi
name: Dash, Sadhana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the momentum transport properties of a hot and dense QCD matter in the presence of weak magnetic field by determining the shear ($η$) and bulk ($ζ$) viscosities in the relaxation time approximation of kinetic theory. The dependence of $η$ and $ζ$ on the temperature has been explored in the presence of weak magnetic field ($B$-field) and finite chemical potential ($μ$). It is observed that both shear and bulk viscosities get decreased in the presence of a weak magnetic field, whereas the finite chemical potential increases these viscosities, specifically at low temperatures. This study is important to understand the sound attenuation through the Prandtl number (Pr), the nature of the flow through the Reynolds number (Re), the fluidity and location of transition point of the matter through the ratios $η/s$ and $ζ/s$ ($s$ is the entropy density), respectively. The Prandtl number is observed to increase in the weak magnetic field, whereas the presence of a finite chemical potential reduces its magnitude as compared to the scenario of absence of $B$-field and $μ$. However, Pr still remains larger than unity, indicating that the energy dissipation due to the sound attenuation is mostly governed by the momentum diffusion. It is noticed that the weak magnetic field makes the Reynolds number larger, whereas the chemical potential makes it smaller than that in the absence of $B$-field and $μ$. We have observed that the ratio $η/s$ decreases in the weak magnetic field regime, whereas the finite chemical potential increases its value, but the ratio $ζ/s$ is found to decrease in the presence of weak magnetic field as well as finite chemical potential.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures
Pooled Safety and Efficacy Analysis Examining the Effect of Performance Status on Outcomes in Nine First-Line Treatment Trials Using Individual Data From Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: Tournigand, Christopher
name: Sanoff, Hanna Kelly
name: Köhne, Claus Henning
name: Grothey, Axel
name: de Gramont, Aimery
name: Porschen, Ranier
name: Rougier, Philippe
name: Stephens, Richard J.
name: Saltz, Leonard B.
name: Bot, Brian M.
name: Sargent, Daniel J.
name: Douillard, Jean-Yves
name: Seymour, Matthew T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Performance status (PS) is a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clinical trials typically enroll less than 10% of patients with a PS of 2 (PS2); thus, the benefit of systemic chemotherapy in PS2 patients is uncertain.
Epidemic spreading on complex networks with general degree and weight distributions
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Tang, Ming
name: Zhang, Hai-Feng
name: Gao, Hui
name: Do, Younghae
name: Liu, Zong-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The spread of disease on complex networks has attracted widely attention in the physics community. Recent works have demonstrated that heterogeneous degree and weight distributions have a significant influence on the epidemic dynamics. In this study, a novel edge-weight based compartmental approach is developed to estimate the epidemic threshold and epidemic size (final infected density) on networks with general degree and weight distributions, and a remarkable agreement with numerics is obtained. Even in complex network with the strong heterogeneous degree and weight distributions, this approach is worked. We then propose an edge-weight based removal strategy with different biases, and find that such a strategy can effectively control the spread of epidemic when the highly weighted edges are preferentially removed, especially when the weight distribution of a network is extremely heterogenous. The theoretical results from the suggested method can accurately predict the above removal effectiveness.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
A fast test to assess the impact of marginalization in Monte Carlo analyses, and its application to cosmology
Creators: name: Gómez-Valent, Adrià
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo (MC) algorithms are commonly employed to explore high-dimensional parameter spaces constrained by data. All the statistical information obtained in the output of these analyses is contained in the Markov chains, which one needs to process and interpret. The marginalization technique allows us to digest these chains and compute the posterior distributions for the parameter subsets of interest. In particular, it lets us draw confidence regions in two-dimensional planes, and get the constraints for the individual parameters. It is very well known, though, that the marginalized results can suffer from volume effects, which can introduce a non-negligible bias into our conclusions. The impact of these effects are barely studied in the literature. In this paper we first illustrate the problem through a very clear and simple example in two dimensions, and suggest the use of the profile distributions (PDs) as a complementary tool to detect marginalization biases directly from the MC chains. We apply our method to four cosmological models: the standard $Λ$CDM, early dark energy, coupled dark energy and the Brans-Dicke model with a cosmological constant. We discuss the impact of the volume effects on each model and the cosmological tensions, using the full Planck 2018 likelihood, the Pantheon compilation of supernovae of Type Ia and data on baryon acoustic oscillations. Our test is very efficient and can be easily applied to any MC study. It allows us to estimate the PDs at a derisory computational cost not only for the main cosmological parameters, but also for the nuisance and derived ones, and to assess the need to perform a more in-depth analysis with the exact computation of the PDs.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables. Improved figures, new comments and references. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Coming-Out bei trans Jugendlichen: Eine qualitative Forschungsarbeit zu den Coming-Out-Verläufen und die Relevanz in der Sozialen Arbeit
Creators: name: Pahl, Michelle
name: Scholz, Larissa
Publisher: name: Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit
Year: 2024

description: Diese Bachelorarbeit setzt sich mit folgender Fragestellung auseinander: Wie haben trans Personen, ihr Coming-out im Alter von 14-25 Jahren erlebt und inwiefern hat die Soziale Arbeit dabei eine Rolle gespielt? Dafür wurden fünf trans Jugendliche mittels teilstrukturierten Interviews befragt, um relevante Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren zu erörtert. Die Forschungsergebnisse wurden durch theoretische Ansätze der Sozialen Arbeit analysiert und kritisch interpretiert. Grundlegend durchlaufen trans Personen ein inneres und äusseres Coming-out von der Bewusstwerdung bis zur Selbstakzeptanz in unterschiedlichen Altersphasen und mit unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen. Die Forschung hat ergeben, dass alle psychisch belastende Ereignisse erlebt haben. Sie kämpften mit Selbstzweifeln und Angst bis hin zu Isolation. Das Coming-out ist von inneren Konflikten geprägt, die durch heteronormative Wertvorstellungen und Diskriminierung im sozialen Umfeld und der Gesellschaft ausgelöst werden. Trans Personen gehören zu einer vulnerablen Gruppe, die die Soziale Arbeit mit verschiedenen Massnahmen unterstützt und schützt. Die Fachpersonen der Sozialen Arbeit wurden nur teilweise bei den Coming-out Prozessen involviert. Folglich müssen sie Möglichkeiten zur Partizipation bieten, wobei eine fachliche und authentische Haltung und Handlung essentiell sind. Die Interdisziplinarität ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für ein funktionierendes und effizientes Netzwerk der Sozialen Arbeit. Unter dem Einbezug von verschieden Perspektiven müssen die Fachpersonen der Sozialen Arbeit ausgebildet werden, um einen gesellschaftlichen Beitrag zu leisten. Bei der Konzipierung der Angebote ist die Familie als System mit einzubinden.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa basa be + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Sozialarbeit, 2024 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202409
Population Differences in Breast Cancer: Survey in Indigenous African Women Reveals Over-Representation of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Zhang, Bifeng
name: Nanda, Rita
name: Adeoye, Adewumi O.
name: Grushko, Tatyana
name: Perou, Charles M.
name: Malami, Sani
name: Zhang, Chunling
name: Falusi, Adeyinka
name: Odetunde, Abayomi
name: Dangou, Jean-Marie
name: Olopade, Olufunmilayo I.
name: Iyare, Festus
name: Oluwasola, Olayiwola
name: Huo, Dezheng
name: Dignam, James
name: Khramtsov, Andrey
name: Malaka, David
name: Ikpatt, Francis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Compared with white women, black women experience a disproportionate burden of aggressive breast cancer for reasons that remain unknown and understudied. In the first study of its kind, we determined the distribution of molecular subtypes of invasive breast tumors in indigenous black women in West Africa.
On Time-Varying VAR models: Estimation, Testing and Impulse Response Analysis
Creators: name: Yan, Yayi
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Peng, Bin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: Vector autoregressive (VAR) models are widely used in practical studies, e.g., forecasting, modelling policy transmission mechanism, and measuring connection of economic agents. To better capture the dynamics, this paper introduces a new class of time-varying VAR models in which the coefficients and covariance matrix of the error innovations are allowed to change smoothly over time. Accordingly, we establish a set of theories, including the impulse responses analyses subject to both of the short-run timing and the long-run restrictions, an information criterion to select the optimal lag, and a Wald-type test to determine the constant coefficients. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the theoretical findings. Finally, we demonstrate the empirical relevance and usefulness of the proposed methods through an application to the transmission mechanism of U.S. monetary policy.
Racial Differences in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Outcomes and Pharmacogenetics: A Subgroup Analysis of a Large Randomized Clinical Trial
Creators: name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: Green, Erin M.
name: Sargent, Daniel J.
name: Sanoff, Hanna K.
name: McLeod, Howard L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Racial disparities in colorectal cancer (CRC) survival are documented, but there are few data on comparative response to chemotherapy. A subgroup analysis of a multisite National Cancer Institute–sponsored trial (N9741) was performed comparing outcomes of black and white patients with metastatic CRC receiving uniform treatment.
Towards the Bertram-Feinberg-Mukai Conjecture
Creators: name: Zhang, Naizhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove the existence portion of the Bertram-Feinberg-Mukai Conjecture for an infinite family of new cases using degeneration technique. This not only leads to a substantial improvement of known results but also develops finer tools for analyzing the moduli of rank two limit linear series which should be useful for other applications to other higher-rank Brill-Noether Problems.
Anomaly-free ALP from non-Abelian flavor symmetry
Creators: name: Han, Chengcheng
name: López-Ibáñez, M. L.
name: Melis, Aurora
name: Vives, Óscar
name: Yang, Jin Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the Xenon1T excess in electron-recoil measurements, we investigate the prospects of probing axion-like particles (ALP) in lepton flavor violation experiments. In particular, we identify such ALP as a pseudo-Goldstone from the spontaneous breaking of the flavor symmetries that explain the mixing structure of the Standard Model leptons. We present the case of the flavor symmetries being a non-Abelian U(2) and the ALP originating from its U(1) subgroup, which is anomaly-free with the Standard Model group. We build two explicit realistic examples that reproduce leptonic masses and mixings and show that the ALP which is consistent with Xenon1T anomaly could be probed by the proposed LFV experiments.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
CaraNet: Context Axial Reverse Attention Network for Segmentation of Small Medical Objects
Creators: name: Lou, Ange
name: Guan, Shuyue
name: Loew, Murray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmenting medical images accurately and reliably is important for disease diagnosis and treatment. It is a challenging task because of the wide variety of objects' sizes, shapes, and scanning modalities. Recently, many convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been designed for segmentation tasks and achieved great success. Few studies, however, have fully considered the sizes of objects, and thus most demonstrate poor performance for small objects segmentation. This can have a significant impact on the early detection of diseases. This paper proposes a Context Axial Reverse Attention Network (CaraNet) to improve the segmentation performance on small objects compared with several recent state-of-the-art models. CaraNet applies axial reserve attention (ARA) and channel-wise feature pyramid (CFP) module to dig feature information of small medical object. And we evaluate our model by six different measurement metrics. We test our CaraNet on brain tumor (BraTS 2018) and polyp (Kvasir-SEG, CVC-ColonDB, CVC-ClinicDB, CVC-300, and ETIS-LaribPolypDB) segmentation datasets. Our CaraNet achieves the top-rank mean Dice segmentation accuracy, and results show a distinct advantage of CaraNet in the segmentation of small medical objects.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2108.07368
Randomized Phase II Study of Gemcitabine Administered at a Fixed Dose Rate or in Combination With Cisplatin, Docetaxel, or Irinotecan in Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: CALGB 89904
Creators: name: Hollis, Donna R.
name: Kulke, Matthew H.
name: Cusnir, Michael
name: Goldberg, Richard M.
name: Niedzwiecki, Donna
name: Mayer, Robert J.
name: Enzinger, Peter C.
name: Tempero, Margaret A.
name: Gorsch, Stefan M.
name: Kindler, Hedy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The relative value of gemcitabine-based combination chemotherapy therapy and prolonged infusions of gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer remains controversial. We explored the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine administered at a fixed dose rate or in combination with cisplatin, docetaxel, or irinotecan in a multi-institutional, randomized, phase II study.
Modern geometry in not-so-high echelons of physics: Case studies
Creators: name: Fecko, Marian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this mostly pedagogical tutorial article a brief introduction to modern geometrical treatment of fluid dynamics and electrodynamics is provided. The main technical tool is standard theory of differential forms. In fluid dynamics, the approach is based on general theory of integral invariants (due to Poincare and Cartan). Since this stuff is still not considered common knowledge, the first chapter is devoted to an introductory and self-contained exposition of both Poincare version as well as Cartan's extension of the theory. The main emphasis in fluid dynamics part of the text is on explaining basic classical results on vorticity phenomenon (vortex lines, vortex filaments etc.) in ideal fluid. In electrodynamics part, we stress the aspect of how different (in particular, rotating) observers perceive the same space-time situation. Suitable $3+1$ decomposition technique of differential forms proves to be useful for that. As a representative (an simple) example we analyze Faraday's law of induction (and explicitly compute the induced voltage) from this point of view.
description: 99 pages, 25 figures
Exclusion Volumes of Convex Bodies in High Space Dimensions: Applications to Virial Coefficients and Continuum Percolation
Creators: name: Torquato, Salvatore
name: Jiao, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the concepts of mixed volumes and quermassintegrals of convex geometry, we derive an exact formula for the exclusion volume for a general convex body that applies in any space dimension, including both the rotationally-averaged exclusion volume and with the same orientation. We show that the sphere minimizes the dimensionless exclusion volume $v_{ex}(K)/v(K)$ among all convex bodies, whether randomly oriented or uniformly oriented, for any $d$, where $v(K)$ is the volume of $K$. When the bodies have the same orientation, the simplex maximizes the dimensionless exclusion volume for any $d$ with a large-$d$ asymptotic scaling behavior of $2^{2d}/d^{3/2}$, which is to be contrasted with the scaling of $2^d$ for the sphere. We present explicit formulas for quermassintegrals for many nonspherical convex bodies as well as as well as lower-dimensional bodies. These results are utilized to determine the rotationally-averaged exclusion volume for these shapes for dimensions 2 through 12. While the sphere is the shape possessing the minimal dimensionless exclusion volume, among the convex bodies considered that are sufficiently compact, the simplex possesses the maximal dimensionless exclusion volume with a scaling behavior of $2^{1.6618\ldots d}$. We also determine the corresponding second virial coefficient $B_2(K)$ of the aforementioned hard hyperparticles and compute estimates of the continuum percolation threshold $η_c$ derived previously by the authors. We conjecture that overlapping spheres possess the maximal value of $η_c$ among all identical nonzero-volume convex overlapping bodies for $d \ge 2$, randomly or uniformly oriented, and that, among all identical, oriented nonzero-volume convex bodies, overlapping simplices have the minimal value of $η_c$ for $d\ge 2$.
title: Peacebuilding in areas deforested by illicit coca crops in Catatumbo, Colombia: an environmental governance approach
Creators: name: Jimenez Velandia, Juliana
Publisher: name: Hochschulbibliothek der Technischen Hochschule Köln
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: The internal armed conflict in Colombia has been closely linked to the illegal exploitation of natural resources and the appropriation of territories, including the planting of illicit coca crops. This activity has led to deforestation and the degradation of natural ecosystems, aggravating the problems associated with violence and drug trafficking. Regions with little state presence, such as Catatumbo, were particularly affected. Following the signing of the peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) in 2016, a post-agreement scenario emerged that highlighted the need to address complex socio-environmental conflicts in affected regions. This research aims to identify the potential of environmental governance to contribute to peacebuilding and the reduction of deforestation associated with illicit coca cultivation. A qualitative methodological approach was used in this study, which seeks to integrate research methods and techniques such as: documentary review, participant observation, semi-structured and in-depth interviews, and mapping of the current reality through the Theory U 3D mapping tool. The results include the socio-environmental context of the territory of analysis, describing the origins of the conflict of deforestation for illicit crops, where the growing dynamics of transformation of the sowing of illicit crops are related, as well as the dynamics of deforestation in the territory of analysis. Tthe identification and analysis of the most relevant actors that have historically participated in the processes of deforestation for illicit crops, their characterization according to the relations of power, interest and legitimisation legitimization. The forms of participation and conflict resolution in the management of natural resources. Considering as a contextual axis two important processes at a socio-political level in Colombia and the territory under analysis, which correspond to the consolidation of the Comprehensive Rural Reform after the peace agreement and the post-agreement context. Several intervention proposals were proposed from the perspective of environmental governance related to the reconstruction of the social fabric, the reconversion of productive systems, and the resignification of new dynamics of natural resource management. In this sense, the potential of environmental governance is discussed as a useful framework for establishing new relationships based on horizontality in which the actors possess sovereignty over the territory, participation and representativeness in the management of natural resources. Key words: Deforestation, illicit coca crops, environmental governance, forest management, peacebuilding.
Gradient flow structure and convergence analysis of the ensemble Kalman inversion for nonlinear forward models
Creators: name: Weissmann, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C10, 65N21, 65N75, 93D05

description: The ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) is a particle based method which has been introduced as the application of the ensemble Kalman filter to inverse problems. In practice it has been widely used as derivative-free optimization method in order to estimate unknown parameters from noisy measurement data. For linear forward models the EKI can be viewed as gradient flow preconditioned by a certain sample covariance matrix. Through the preconditioning the resulting scheme remains in a finite dimensional subspace of the original high-dimensional (or even infinite dimensional) parameter space and can be viewed as optimizer restricted to this subspace. For general nonlinear forward models the resulting EKI flow can only be viewed as gradient flow in approximation. In this paper we discuss the effect of applying a sample covariance as preconditioning matrix and quantify the gradient flow structure of the EKI by controlling the approximation error through the spread in the particle system. The ensemble collapse on the one side leads to an accurate gradient approximation, but on the other side to degeneration in the preconditioning sample covariance matrix. In order to ensure convergence as optimization method we derive lower as well as upper bounds on the ensemble collapse. Furthermore, we introduce covariance inflation without breaking the subspace property intending to reduce the collapse rate of the ensemble such that the convergence rate improves. In a numerical experiment we apply EKI to a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem and illustrate the dependence of EKI as derivative-free optimizer on the choice of the initial ensemble.
Anisotropic stars made of exotic matter within the complexity factor formalism
Creators: name: Rincón, Á.
name: Panotopoulos, G.
name: Lopes, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate exotic stars composed of dark energy within the context of Einstein's General Relativity, by applying an extended Chaplygin gas equation-of-state. To account for anisotropies, we utilize a formalism based on the complexity factor to obtain numerical solutions. By applying well-established criteria, we demonstrate that the solutions are physically valid and well-behaved. In addition, a comparison with a more conventional approach is also conducted.
description: Minor corrections
Role of Tissue Factor in Cancer
Creators: name: Kasthuri, Raj S.
name: Taubman, Mark B.
name: Mackman, Nigel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Tissue factor (TF) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that localizes the coagulation serine protease factor VII/VIIa (FVII/VIIa) to the cell surface. The primary function of TF is to activate the clotting cascade. The TF:FVIIa complex also activates cells by cleavage of a G-protein coupled receptor called protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). TF is expressed by tumor cells and contributes to a variety of pathologic processes, such as thrombosis, metastasis, tumor growth, and tumor angiogenesis. For instance, tumor cells release TF-positive procoagulant microparticles into the circulation and these may trigger venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. TF on circulating tumor cells also leads to the coating of the cells with fibrin that traps them within the microvasculature and facilitates hematogenous metastasis. In addition, TF:FVIIa-dependent activation of PAR2 on tumor cells increases tumor growth via an undefined mechanism. One possibility is that PAR2-dependent signaling increases the expression of proangiogenic proteins. Other studies have reported that endothelial cells in the tumor vasculature express TF and this may enhance angiogenesis. These results suggest that inhibition of TF should reduce several pathologic pathways that increase tumor growth and metastasis. This would represent a novel approach to anticancer therapy. Initial studies using inhibitors of the TF:FVIIa complex in mouse tumor models have produced encouraging results. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to determine if this strategy can be successfully translated to the treatment of cancer patients.