Rhinolophus borneensis Peters 1861
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus borneensis

description: 60. Bornean Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus borneensis</i> French: Rhinolophe <i>de Bornéo</i> / <b>German</b>: Borneo-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish</b>: Herradura <i>de</i> Borneo Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus borneensis</i> Peters, 1861, “ Labuan [Island], Borneo,” Malaysia. Traditionally included in the <i>megaphyllus</i> species group, but this needs to be investigated further using genetic techniques, as A <i>borneensis</i> seems to be sister to a clade containing members of the <i>pusillus</i> species group. All mainland South-east <i>Asian</i> populations are here considered to belong to <i>A chaseni,</i> while Indonesian populations are tentatively included in <i> <i>A</i> borneensis.</i> The identity of Peninsular Malaysian populations is uncertain as no genetic data have been used for testing, so they are here listed under this species, pending further studies. This species may represent a species complex. Three subspecies are recognized. <b>Subspecies and</b> Distribution. . <i>b. borneensis Meters,</i> 1861 — Borneo, as well as nearby Banggi, Labuan, and Karimata <b>Is</b>. <i>R. b.</i> importunus Chasen, 1939 — C &amp; SWJava, including Nusakambanagan I off S Java. . <i>b. spadix</i> G. S. Miller, 1901 — South Natuna Is. <i>Taxonomic</i> identity of specimens collected in NW Peninsular Malaysia is uncertain. Also, either this species or the Sulawesi Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> (. <i>celebensis)</i> was recently captured in Lampung Province, Sumatra, <i>but</i> in that study the two species were not differentiated. <b>Descriptive notes.</b> Tail 21-26 mm, ear 17-19 mm, forearm 40-44 mm; weight 7-8- 5 g. Dorsal pelage is dark brown (brown morph) to bright reddish brown (orange morph), while ventral pelage is paler. Ears are medium-sized and brown; <i>noseleaf</i> too is brown. Noseleaf has moderately long, nearly cuneate lancet; connecting process is high and rounded, higher than sella; sella is narrow with slight constriction above midpoint and parallel or nearly parallel lateral margins; horseshoe is wide (c.8- 7 mm), nearly covers whole muzzle, has a <i>relatively</i> deep median emargination, and has visible lateral leaflets. Lower lip has three mental grooves. Skull is small but <i>relatively</i> robustly built (<i>zygomatic</i> width generally larger than mastoid width, <i>occasionally</i> subequal); zygomatic arch is highly arched; anterior median swellings are bulbous and longer than they are wide; lateral and posterior swellings are well developed; sagittal crest is <i>weakly</i> to <i>moderately</i> developed; frontal depression is moderately developed; supraorbital ridges are prominent and more or less sharp. P2 is reduced but almost always within tooth row, separating C1 and P4; P3 is moderate to small in size and <i>usually</i> completely displaced labially, <i>nearly always</i> allowing P2 and P4 to touch (rarely <i>slightly</i> separated). Habitat. <i>Primary</i> and <i>secondary</i> tropical forests at elevations from sea level up to <i>C</i>. 1000 m. Recorded in dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Borneo. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. The Bornean Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> feeds on insects and uses perches to feed on once the insect is captured. Breeding. No information. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Bornean Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal, foraging at night and roosting during the day. <i>They are</i> known to roost in cave systems in Borneo as well as in hollow bamboos and trees, among young leaves of bananas, and in rock crevices. Call shape is FM/CF/FM and the peak F has been recorded at 81-8 kHz in Sabah, Borneo. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> Bornean Horseshoe Bats are known to roost in large colonies of several hundred individuals. <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Least Concern on <i>The IUCN Red</i> List. The Bornean Horseshoe Bat has a wide distribution and is considered common at least in Borneo, which comprises most of its range. It is rare in some regions, especially in Java. Populations are probably most threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation due to deforestation and agricultural expansion. <b>Bibliography.</b> <i>Corbet</i> &amp; Hill (1992), Csorba, Fuisz &amp; <i>Kelen</i> (1997), Csorba, <i>Ujhelyi</i> &amp; <i>Thomas</i> (2003), Francis <i>et</i> al. (2010), Hall (1996), Huang, J. <i>C</i>.C. et <i>al.</i> (2014), Hutson, <i>Kingston</i> &amp; <i>rancis</i> (2008a), Kruskop (2011), Lim et al. (2017), Mohd-Azlan <i>et</i> al. (2008), Rahman et al. (2011).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 309-310, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525