cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Utilisation du logiciel ICY : Acquisition simple d'images
Creators: name: Guerinel, Anais
name: Bled--Defruit, Geoffrey
name: Lescoute, Guillaume
name: Elleboode, Romain
Publisher: name: Ifremer
Year: 2022

description: Le logiciel Icy (https://icy.bioimageanalysis.org ; https://doi.org/10.13155/89457 ) permet de réaliser des acquisitions d’images à partir de microscopes, loupes binoculaires, scanners ou tout autre système d’observation combiné à une caméra numérique. Il a été développé par l’institut Pasteur pour répondre spécifiquement aux besoins en Sclérochronologie de l'Ifremer, c’est à dire l’interprétation des pièces calcifiées (otolithes, écailles, vertèbres, coquille, illicium, statolithes…). Ainsi, en plus des acquisitions, il permet d’utiliser de nombreuses fonctions en particulier, l’interprétation d’images individuelles ou en base de données et de travailler sur les mesures, analyses de forme … Cette vidéo présente spécifiquement le tutoriel pour la fonction du logiciel ICY : Aide à l'acquisition simple d'images :
acquisition,sauvegarde.
Tauala splendidus Wanless 1988
Creators: name: Żabka, Marek
name: Patoleta, Barbara M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Tauala
Tauala splendidus

description: Tauala splendidus Wanless, 1988
Figs 14–16, 61–62
Tauala splendidus Wanless, 1988: 124 –126; World Spider Catalog 2015.
Material examined. AUSTRALIA, Queensland, 1m, [at] Claudie R[iver] and Portland Roads, Cape York Peninsula, 12º35'45" S, 143º24'44" E [-12.59583, 143.41222], 18 Aug. 1985, M. Bernie, QMB S90772.
Distribution. Known only from two localities in NE Queensland (Figs 61–62). Remark. The species has been described by Wanless (1988); here we add to the documentation colour photographs of the male and a distributional map.
description: Published as part of Żabka, Marek & Patoleta, Barbara M., 2015, New species of Taual a Wanless, 1988 from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Astiae), with a redefinition of the genus, pp. 501-517 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on pages 505-506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253624
Varanus marmoratus Wiegmann 1834
Creators: name: Koch, André
name: Gaulke, Maren
name: Böhme, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Varanidae
Varanus
Varanus marmoratus

description: Varanus marmoratus (Wiegmann, 1834)
Figures 15–17
description: Published as part of Koch, André, Gaulke, Maren & Böhme, Wolfgang, 2010, Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2446 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.195067
Euscorpius Thorell 1876
Creators: name: Kovařík, František
name: Šťáhlavský, František
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Scorpiones
Euscorpiidae
Euscorpius

description: Euscorpius Thorell, 1876
(Figures 1–186, Tables 1–4)
Euscorpius Thorell, 1876: 15; Fet & Sissom, 2000: 357–377 (in part, complete reference list until 1998).
TYPE SPECIES. Scorpio carpathicus Linnaeus, 1767
DIAGNOSIS. Total length 20–50 mm. Movable fingers of pedipalp chela with MD aligned in a single straight row in entire length of chelal fingers; ID, IAD (5 in number) and OD present. OD are displaced to outer aspect of fingers. Pedipalp chela flat in appearance. Trichobothrial pattern type C. Two subdistal denticles present on cheliceral movable finger dorsal edge. Ventral edge of cheliceral movable finger smooth; serrula absent. Two pedal spurs present on legs. Tarsal spurs on legs absent. Sternum pentagonal in shape. Hemispermatophore lamelliform in shape with broad trunks. Telson without subaculear tubercle. Metasoma I–IV with single median carina usually absent.
Taxonomic characters.
Characters important for distinguishing species in the genus Euscorpius are: (1) trichobothriotaxy of the pedipalp patella, i. e., number of trichobothria in the external series eb, eb a, esb, em, est, and et, in combination with the number of ventral trichobothria; (2) shape and dimensions of the carapace, pedipalp and metasomal segments; (3) granulation and carination of metasomal segments; (4) coloration; and (5) pectinal tooth count. Two currently valid subgenera can be separated by the number of ventral trichobothria on the pedipalp chela manus, i. e., 4 in Euscorpius sensu stricto, and more than 6 in Polytrichobothrius Birula, 1917. These characters alone are not always sufficient for distinguishing a total of ca. 60 species, most of which were described or revalidated in the last two decades. Taxonomy of this genus remains complex and challenging. Recently, DNA analysis was suggested to be the only solution to this problem (see e. g. Parmakelis et al., 2013; Fet et al., 2018). Based on our studies of this genus and the application of diagnostic characters to the related genus Megacormus Karsch, 1881 (Euscorpiidae) and to the related family Scorpiopidae Kraepelin, 1905, we here propose application of two additional characters to elucidate taxonomy of Euscorpius.
description: Published as part of Kovařík, František & Šťáhlavský, František, 2020, Five new species of Euscorpius Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae) from Albania, Greece, North Macedonia, and Serbia, pp. 1-37 in Euscorpius 315 on pages 1-2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4648646
Identifying central misconceptions via network analysis
Creators: name: Thurn, Christian Maximilian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Assessment methods and tools
Misconceptions
network analysis

description: A core aspect of successful instruction is to identify and change students’ initial misconceptions about a topic. Assessing misconceptions and prior knowledge in physics is often done via concept inventories. These concept inventories are traditionally analyzed by summing up correct answers to infer on students’ conceptual knowledge. Yet, for the relational character of conceptual knowledge (e.g., Goldwater & Schalk, 2016), network analysis is more suitable to model the relations of students’ answers. When analyzing concept inventories through the lens of network analysis, researchers and educators can gain important insights into students’ knowledge structures and identify problematic misconceptions that hinder conceptual change.
For this endeavor, I used data about concepts in magnetism. In total, 2210 students from primary and secondary school classes in Switzerland participated in instruction on magnetism in 15 cognitively activating lessons. They completed a concept inventory on magnetism before and after instruction. Following the approach by Brewe et al. (2016), I used network analysis on the distractor answers (the misconceptions) to analyze which misconceptions were central and maybe hindered learning, and which misconceptions persisted after instruction.
The results showed that at pretest central misconceptions that related to many other misconceptions were that copper is magnetizable, or related to the shielding of a magnetic field via iron and wood plates. At posttest, central misconceptions were related to the shielding of magnetic fields via aluminum plates and about fair experiments. I will discuss how teachers could use such results to tackle central misconceptions.
Microsericaria quadripunctata
Creators: name: Bhunia, Debika
name: Gupta, Devanshu
name: Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar
name: Ahrens, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Microsericaria
Microsericaria quadripunctata

description: Microsericaria quadripunctata (Brenske, 1896)
(Figs 86–89, 101)
Microserica quadripunctata Brenske, 1896: 154; Brenske 1898: 255.
Microsericaria quadripunctata: Nikolajev 1979: 190; Ahrens 1995b: 40; Ahrens & Fabrizi 2016: 61.
Material examined. 4 ♂♂ “ West Bengal, Bankura, Belboni, 03.ix.1986, leg. P. Mukherjee” (NZCI). Distribution. India: Chhota Nagpure, Kerala, and West Bengal (Bankura); Nepal (Balkot) (Ahrens & Fabrizi
2016; this paper). Remark. This is the first state record of this species for West Bengal.
description: Published as part of Bhunia, Debika, Gupta, Devanshu, Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar & Ahrens, Dirk, 2023, A new species and new records of Sericini chafers from the Lower Gangetic Plains in India (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericinae), pp. 351-371 in Zootaxa 5353 (4) on page 364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8430714
Shakespeare's Small World and Big Connections: Replicating Stiller, Nettle, & Dunbar (2003)
Creators: name: Thurn, Christian Maximilian
name: Sebben, Simone
name: Kovacevic, Zoran
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Reproducibility
replication
theater analysis
Network Analysis

description: Science should provide estimates of how certain we can be about a result. Replication studies are a core instrument to yield this information. In this project, we replicated a seminal study by Stiller, Nettle & Dunbar (2003) on character networks in Shakespeare’s plays. Stiller et al. (2003) assumed that successful dramas consider limits of social cognition so that the audience can follow all characters (see also Dunbar’s number). They calculated that in 10 of Shakespeare’s plays 27.8 speaking characters appear on average, which is close to naturally occurring group sizes from ethnography (which was reported to be ~30.9). 
Our research questions were:
       	1) Can we replicate the original results? 
	2) How well do the results generalize to all 37 of Shakespeare’s plays? 
In addition, we tested various methods to establish the character ties as a robustness check. These three aspects (replication, generalization, and robustness) are core to provide plausible estimates.
In our reproduction of the original study, we estimated 29.40 (95%CI [21.36; 37.43]) characters on average, which is slightly higher, but even closer to natural group sizes from ethnography. Generalizing the analysis to all 37 plays yielded the estimate of 35.73 characters 95%CI [30.91; 40.55]. Thus, the original study was based on a distorted selection of plays having fewer characters, and overall, Shakespeare’s plays contain 16% more characters than naturally occurring groups. We present a fully reproducible document written in Rmarkdown and discuss difficulties that occur in replication studies even when there is no need for data collection and sampling.
Africalolampra Roth 1995
Creators: name: Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame
name: Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à
name: Legendre, Frédéric
name: Menbohan, Samuel Foto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Blattodea
Blaberidae
Africalolampra

description: Key for males in the genus Africalolampra Roth, 1995
1. Overall length, from the vertex to the tip of the abdomen, smaller than 20 mm .............................. 2
– Overall length, from the vertex to the tip of the abdomen, larger than 20 mm ................................ 3
2. Tegmina and abdominal sternites with several brown maculae, pronotum with uneven dots and maculae ............................................................................ A. camerunensis (Borg, 1902) comb. nov.
– Tegmina and abdominal sternites mostly unicolored, pronotum with rather uniform pattern of dots ...................................................................................................... A. erubescens (Gerstaecker, 1883)
3. Face, frons and vertex speckled with dark dots and blotches, tergal specialization fleshy, nonsetose and white ...................................................................................................... A. erhmanni Roth, 1995
– Face, frons and vertex without conspicuous black dots, tergal specialization as a pit with two transverse fold-like elevations that meet mesally .................... A. stipata (Walker, 1868) comb. nov.
description: Published as part of Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame, Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à, Legendre, Frédéric & Menbohan, Samuel Foto, 2024, Semi-aquatic Epilamprinae cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae) in Cameroon: towards a revision of continental African species of Rhabdoblatta Kirby, 1903 and Africalolampra Roth, 1995, pp. 1-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 946 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.946.2615, http://zenodo.org/record/13177205
Tauala zborowskii Żabka & Patoleta, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Żabka, Marek
name: Patoleta, Barbara M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Tauala
Tauala zborowskii

description: Tauala zborowskii sp. nov.
Figs 17–24, 63
Type material. Female holotype, Daintree National Park, 16º10' S, 145º22' E [-16.1667, 145.3667], Queensland, Australia, 18 Nov. 2012, Iain R. Macaulay, QMB S97817.
Etymology. The species is named in honour of Mr. Paul Zborowski, Australian/Polish photographer, author of books on the Australian fauna and our companion during a collecting trip to NE Queensland.
Diagnosis. In comparison with T. lepidus, accessory glands are shorter and more distant from spermathecae (Fig. 24, arrow). The course of insemination ducts and position of accessory glands differ from that in T. ottoi.
Description. Female holotype (Figs 17–24). Eye field orange brown. ALE, PME and PLE surroundings black. Thorax yellowish with two longitudinal stripes. Abdomen with wide median yellow stripe and greyish-black pattern, sides whitish. Clypeus brown with a fringe of white hairs and with brown "cheeks". Chelicerae robust, brown, with frontal transverse ridges (Fig. 20). Maxillae orange-brown, with greyish chewing margins, labium orange-brown, sternum whitish. Pedipalp whitish. Venter whitish, with grey median stripe posteriorly. In front of trachea a tuft of brown hairs present (Figs 19, 22). Spinnerets dark-grey. First legs with no fringes (Figs 17–19), ventral and dorsal surfaces pale, sides brownish grey. Tibiae and metatarsi I with 4 and 2 pairs of ventrolateral spines, respectively. Legs II lighter and more delicate, tibiae with three pairs of ventrolateral spines and additional prolateral spine, metatarsus with two pairs of spines. Other legs lighter and more delicate. Epigyne (Fig. 23): copulatory opening area rather strongly sclerotized. Proximal parts of the insemination ducts V-shaped and accessory glands distinctively distant from spermathecae (Fig. 24). Dimensions: CL 2.64, CW 2.25, CH 1.74, AL 4.18, AW 2.44, AEW 1.94, PEW 1.63, EFL 1.34, LI 8.15 (0.61 + 1,60 + 2.12 + 1.34 + 2.41), LII 7.43 (0.59 + 2.03 + 1.59 + 1.00 + 2.22), LIII 7.27 (0.58 + 1.95 + 1.54 + 0.97 + 2.23), LIV 8.41 (0.54 + 2.47 + 2.12 + 0.83 + 2.45).
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from type locality (Fig. 63).
description: Published as part of Żabka, Marek & Patoleta, Barbara M., 2015, New species of Taual a Wanless, 1988 from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Astiae), with a redefinition of the genus, pp. 501-517 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on page 506, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253624
Pseudovelia intonsa Hecher 1997
Creators: name: Ye, Zhen
name: Bu, Wenjun
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Macroveliidae
Pseudovelia
Pseudovelia intonsa

description: Pseudovelia intonsa Hecher, 1997
(Figs. 7, 8, 18)
Pseudovelia intonsa Hecher, 1997: 42.
Material examined. VIETNAM, Quang Binh Prov., 6 apterous males, 8 apterous females, Minh Hoá district, Tan Hoá (17°46'N, 106°05'E), 29.V.2015, coll. Zhen Ye (NKUM).
Remarks. Hecher (1997) gave an excellent description including line drawings and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos of this species. We collected this species on the muddy shore along a relatively wide stream (Figs. 14–17). The specimens could quickly leave the shore when disturbed and then quickly return to the muddy shore after a while.
description: Published as part of Ye, Zhen & Bu, Wenjun, 2016, A new species of Xiphovelia Lundblad, 1933 and notes on Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950 (Heteroptera: Veliidae) from Vietnam, pp. 432-438 in Zootaxa 4137 (3) on page 437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4137.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/267281
The R2D2 Prior for Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Creators: name: Yanchenko, Eric
name: Bondell, Howard D.
name: Reich, Brian J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In Bayesian analysis, the selection of a prior distribution is typically done by considering each parameter in the model. While this can be convenient, in many scenarios it may be desirable to place a prior on a summary measure of the model instead. In this work, we propose a prior on the model fit, as measured by a Bayesian coefficient of determination (R2), which then induces a prior on the individual parameters. We achieve this by placing a beta prior on R2 and then deriving the induced prior on the global variance parameter for generalized linear mixed models. We derive closed-form expressions in many scenarios and present several approximation strategies when an analytic form is not possible and/or to allow for easier computation. In these situations, we suggest approximating the prior by using a generalized beta prime distribution and provide a simple default prior construction scheme. This approach is quite flexible and can be easily implemented in standard Bayesian software. Lastly, we demonstrate the performance of the method on simulated and real-world data, where the method particularly shines in high-dimensional settings, as well as modeling random effects.
Neoserica quadrilamellata
Creators: name: Bhunia, Debika
name: Gupta, Devanshu
name: Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar
name: Ahrens, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Neoserica
Neoserica quadrilamellata

description: Neoserica quadrilamellata (Brenske, 1896)
(Figs 90–93, 101)
Serica quadrilamellata Brenske, 1896: 154.
Neoserica quadrilamellata: Brenske 1898: 253.
Meriserica chilkensis Arrow, 1923: 260, synonymized by Ahrens & Fabrizi 2016: 116.
Material examined. 2 ♂♂ “ India: Bihar, West Champaran, 04.x.2016, leg. R. S. Mridha ” (NZCI).
Distribution. India: Bihar, Delhi, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Tamil Nadu (Ahrens & Fabrizi 2016; Sreedevi et al. 2018; Chandra et al. 2021; this paper).
Remark. This is the first record of this species for Bihar.
description: Published as part of Bhunia, Debika, Gupta, Devanshu, Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar & Ahrens, Dirk, 2023, A new species and new records of Sericini chafers from the Lower Gangetic Plains in India (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericinae), pp. 351-371 in Zootaxa 5353 (4) on page 366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8430714
Notogonidea manilae Rohwer 1911
Creators: name: Swezey, O. H.
Publisher: name: Bernice P. Bishop Museum
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Crabronidae
Notogonidea
Notogonidea manilae

description: 2. Notogonidea manilae (Ashmead).
Notogonia manilae Ashmead, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 28: 130, 1905.
Notogonidea williamsi Rohwer, Hawaii. Sugar Plant. Assoc. Ent. Bull. 14: 9, 1919.
Notogonidea manilae (Ashmead) Williams, Hawaii. Sugar Plant. Assoc., Ent. Bull. 19: 75, 1928.
Dededo, May 11; Merizo, June 11; Mt. Alifan, June 19, Swezey.
This is a smaller plain black cricket-hunting wasp. It was not previously recorded from Guam. I obtained only three specimens, all in forest or field. Dr. Williams has given an account of the habits of this wasp in the Philippines, and has also identified the Guam specimens.
description: Published as part of Swezey, O. H., 1942, Wasps of Guam, pp. 184-187 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on page 184, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5160297
Africalolampra ehrmanni Roth 1995
Creators: name: Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame
name: Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à
name: Legendre, Frédéric
name: Menbohan, Samuel Foto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Blattodea
Blaberidae
Africalolampra
Africalolampra ehrmanni

description: Africalolampra ehrmanni Roth, 1995
Fig. 10
Africalolampra ehrmanni Roth, 1995: 89.
Material examined
Holotype
KENYA • ♂; Shima la Tewa, ca 25 km N of Mombasa; 13 Apr.–4 Jul. 1987; R. Ehrmann leg.; MCZENT 00034788 [pictures only].
Differential diagnosis
Type species of the genus Africalolampra, it is described with several drawings from five males and one female from the same locality (Roth 1995). Note, howewer, that we were unable to examine the series of specimens and that the MCZ curators reported six male and no female specimens. We here complement the drawings in Roth (1995) with a few pictures obtained from MCZ (Fig. 10). The pronotal and head pattern coloration (Fig. 10A–B), as well as the shape of the tergal specialization, allows one to readily differentiate A. ehrmanni from its conspecifics.
Habitat
“The original specimens were collected in dense undergrowth in a damp Galeria woods” (Roth 1995).
Distribution
This species is only known from its type locality in Kenya (Fig. 1).
description: Published as part of Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame, Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à, Legendre, Frédéric & Menbohan, Samuel Foto, 2024, Semi-aquatic Epilamprinae cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae) in Cameroon: towards a revision of continental African species of Rhabdoblatta Kirby, 1903 and Africalolampra Roth, 1995, pp. 1-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 946 (1) on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.946.2615, http://zenodo.org/record/13177205
Glaresis
Creators: name: Paulsen, M. J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Glaresidae
Glaresis

description: Key to South American species of Glaresis
1. Robust, usually much larger species (~ 4–6 mm). Pronotum strongly convex; median longitudinal furrow and foveae indistinct; surface with large, round tubercles............................................... G. pardoalcaidei Martínez et al.
1´. Elongate, smaller species (~ 4 mm or less). Pronotum not strongly convex and with distinct median longitudinal furrow and foveae; surface with small, indistinct tubercles at setal bases or distinctly elongate tubercles.......................... 2
2. Elytral setae fine, short, almost indistinct. Metafemora ventrally with interrupted carina appearing as two tubercles (Fig. 5)..................................................................................... Glaresis smithi Paulsen
2´. Elytral setae coarse, long, and distinct. Metafemora not as above................................................ 3
3. Larger species (~ 4 mm), external tooth of metatibia strong, carina extending onto ventral surface (Fig. 6). Atacama region of Chile, Peru ...................................................................... Glaresis mondacai Paulsen. ............................................................................. Glaresis fritzi Martínez et al.
3´. Smaller species (~ 3.5 mm), external tooth of metatibia moderate, carina not extending onto ventral surface (Fig. X). Argentina .......................................................................................... Glaresis fritzi
description: Published as part of Paulsen, M. J., 2016, Two new species of South American Glaresidae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), pp. 595-600 in Zootaxa 4154 (5) on page 599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4154.5.9, http://zenodo.org/record/267320
Rhabdoblatta Kirby 1903
Creators: name: Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame
name: Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à
name: Legendre, Frédéric
name: Menbohan, Samuel Foto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Blattodea
Blaberidae
Rhabdoblatta

description: Genus Rhabdoblatta Kirby, 1903
Type species
Rhabdoblatta praecipua (Walker, 1868).
Diagnosis and history
This genus is composed of more than 150 species distributed in Asia and Africa (Beccaloni 2014), and is known to be polyphyletic (e.g., Legendre et al. 2017; Yang et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2023). Clarifying its delineation is not within the aim of this manuscript. The latest diagnosis of the genus was given in Yang et al. (2019), but that diagnosis might rely mainly on Asian species and may not fit well with some African species (e.g., the widest part of the pronotum is not necessarily in the middle). The following African species share the diagnostic features of Rhabdoblatta but not those of Africalolampra: Rhabdoblata punctulata (Saussure, 1891) has serrated claws but two styli and no tergal gland, R. parva (Chopard, 1952) has two styli, unserrated claws and a tergal specialization on the 7 th tergite, R. lynceae (Gerstaecker, 1883) has slightly serrated claws but two styli and a tergal specialization on the 5 th tergite, R. pluriramosa (Karny, 1915) has two styli, unserrated claws and no tergal gland, and the female has brachypterous wings, R. pallida (Borg, 1902) has one stylus and serrated claws but a tergal specialization at the junction of the 8 th and 9 th tergites, R. punctipennis (Saussure, 1895) has one stylus and slightly serrated claws but no tergal specialization, R. fotoi sp. nov. has serrated claws but two styli and a tergal gland on the 4 th abdominal tergite.
For the following African species of Rhabdoblatta, their original descriptions did not mention all the diagnostic characters or were based on female specimens only, so that it is premature to envision any taxonomic change or confirmation: Rhabdoblatta cincta (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1865), R. trilobata (Saussure, 1891), R. usambarensis (Rehn, 1931), R. malagassa (Saussure & Zehntner, 1895) and R. wittei (Jolivet, 1954). Note that the type specimen of R. usambarensis (Rehn, 1931) is supposed to be deposited in the Berlin Zoological Museum but it was impossible to locate this specimen. As for R. wittei (Jolivet, 1954), the description mentions tegmina that do not extend beyond the 3 rd tergite (sex not specified).
description: Published as part of Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame, Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à, Legendre, Frédéric & Menbohan, Samuel Foto, 2024, Semi-aquatic Epilamprinae cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae) in Cameroon: towards a revision of continental African species of Rhabdoblatta Kirby, 1903 and Africalolampra Roth, 1995, pp. 1-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 946 (1) on page 24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.946.2615, http://zenodo.org/record/13177205
Tauala ottoi Żabka & Patoleta, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Żabka, Marek
name: Patoleta, Barbara M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Tauala
Tauala ottoi

description: Tauala ottoi sp. nov.
Figs 25–31, 63
Type material. Female holotype, Bakers Blue Mt., 1100 m, 17 km W of Mt. Molloy, 16°40'24.82'' S 145°10'36.12'' E [-16.6735600 145.3297200], Queensland, Australia, 12 Sep. 1981, G. Monteith, D. Cook, QMB S90781
Etymology. The species is named in honour of Mr. Jurgen Otto, in recognition of his research on the taxonomy and behaviour of the Australian genus Maratus Karsch.
Diagnosis. Differs from very close T. lepidus and T. zborowskii by the shape of proximal parts of insemination ducts and the position of accessory glands.
Description. Female holotype (Figs 25–31). Eye field yellowish, ALE, PME and PLE surroundings black. Thorax pale, slightly darker from PLE to posterior margin. Abdomen yellowish. Spinnerets the same. Clypeus yellow with a fringe of short white hairs. Chelicerae light orange. Pedipalps whitish, distally darker. Maxillae and labium yellow, the former very elongate. Sternum whitish, venter the same. Legs yellow, distally slightly darker, especially on sides. Tibiae I with 4 proventral and 3 retroventral spines, metatarsus with 2 pairs. Other legs lighter. Tibiae II with 3 proventral and 3 retroventral spines and single prolateral spine, metatarsusi with 2 pairs of ventolateral spines, and one pair of prolateral ones. Epigyne as in Fig. 30, proximal parts of the insemination ducts parallel, and accessory glands longer than in T. zborowskii and closer to spermathecae (Fig. 31). Dimensions: CL 2.32, CW 1.85, CH 1.37, AL 2.85, AW 1.55, AEW 1.69, PEW 1.39, EFL 1.11, LI 9.39 (0.74 + 1.90 + 2.52 + 1.47 + 2.78), LII 7.70 (0.70 + 1.63 + 1.77 + 1.18 + 2.42), LIII 8.88 (0.83 + 2.35 + 1.82 + 1.13 + 2.75), LIV 9.87 (0.81 + 2.78 + 2.46 + 0.99 + 2.83).
Male. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from type locality (Fig. 63).
F IGURES 17–24. Tauala zborowskii sp. nov., female holotype. 17 dorsal view; 18 lateral view; 19 ventral view; 20 frontal view; 21 cheliceral dentition, endites and labium; 22 ventral abdominal setae; 23 epigyne; 24 vulva (ag: accessory gland, as: abdominal setae, co: copulatory opening, id: insemination duct, p: pouch, s: spermatheca). Scale: 17–21 = 1 mm, 23 as in fig.
F IGURES 25–31. Tauala ottoi sp. nov., female holotype. 25 dorsal view; 26 lateral view; 27 ventral view; 28 frontal view; 29 cheliceral dentition, endites and labium; 30 epigyne; 31 vulva (ag: accessory gland, as: abdominal setae, co: copulatory opening, id: insemination duct, p: pouch, s: spermatheca). Scale: 25–29 = 1 mm, 30 as in fig.
description: Published as part of Żabka, Marek & Patoleta, Barbara M., 2015, New species of Taual a Wanless, 1988 from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Astiae), with a redefinition of the genus, pp. 501-517 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on pages 506-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253624
The R2D2 prior for generalized linear mixed models
Creators: name: Yanchenko, Eric
name: Bondell, Howard D.
name: Reich, Brian J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In Bayesian analysis, the selection of a prior distribution is typically done by considering each parameter in the model. While this can be convenient, in many scenarios it may be desirable to place a prior on a summary measure of the model instead. In this work, we propose a prior on the model fit, as measured by a Bayesian coefficient of determination (R2), which then induces a prior on the individual parameters. We achieve this by placing a beta prior on R2 and then deriving the induced prior on the global variance parameter for generalized linear mixed models. We derive closed-form expressions in many scenarios and present several approximation strategies when an analytic form is not possible and/or to allow for easier computation. In these situations, we suggest approximating the prior by using a generalized beta prime distribution and provide a simple default prior construction scheme. This approach is quite flexible and can be easily implemented in standard Bayesian software. Lastly, we demonstrate the performance of the method on simulated and real-world data, where the method particularly shines in high-dimensional settings, as well as modeling random effects.
Pison argentatum
Creators: name: Swezey, O. H.
Publisher: name: Bernice P. Bishop Museum
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Crabronidae
Pison
Pison argentatum

description: 3. Pison argentatum (Shuckard).
Pisonites argentatus Shuckard, Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 2: 79, 1837.
Pison argentatum (Shuckard) Bingham, Fauna Brit. India, Hymenopt. 1: 220, 1897.
Piti,April30, May 19, 24, 30; June 1, 3, 13; July5, 28; Aug.9; Sept.13; Oct. 29; Nov. 6, Swezey, Usinger; Merizo, June 11, Swezey.
Among the wasps collected by Fullaway in Guam in 1911 (in Bishop Museum) there are at least four species of Pison, all undetermined, and no P. argentatum among them. In 1936 we procured more specimens of P. argentatum than of all the others. We have 21 specimens of P. argentatum, all but one from Piti, where they were quite common in and about our residence. The little mud nests were common on walls and in corners of back rooms. These nests are made up of one to six cells in which the wasp stores up small spiders on which its larvae feed. There is considerable parasitism by Melittobia hawaiiensis, a tiny parasite whose larvae feed externally on the wasp larvae. There may be up to 100 parasite larvae on one wasp larva. On May 19, a nest containing 6 cells was collected on the scale shed at the Agricultural School, Piti, each cell containing a Pison cocoon in which were tiny exit holes where parasites had issued; hence, a parasitism of 100 percent. On September 24, several nests were collected and examined at the residence. These nests totalled 19 cells, the contents of which were: four with dead pisons; one with dead spiders, one with caterpillars stored by Pachodynerus nasidens; two with roach egg case; ten had cocoons showing exit holes of MeZ,ittobia;one had living pupae of Melittobia. In this nest, the parasitism would have been at least 56 percent.
This wasp occurs in Madagascar, India, Philippines, and Hawaii. It has undoubtedly become introduced into Guam in somewhat recent years, from Hawaii or the Philippines.
description: Published as part of Swezey, O. H., 1942, Wasps of Guam, pp. 184-187 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on page 185, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5160297
Oxyserica darjeelingia
Creators: name: Bhunia, Debika
name: Gupta, Devanshu
name: Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar
name: Ahrens, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Oxyserica
Oxyserica darjeelingia

description: Oxyserica darjeelingia (Brenske, 1898)
(Figs 94–97, 101)
Microserica darjeelingia Brenske, 1898: 319; Ahrens 1995b: 52, 2001a: 220.
Oxyserica darjeelingia: Ahrens 2004b: 192, 2006a: 413; Ahrens & Fabrizi 2016: 135; Ahrens et al. 2023: 69.
Material examined. 4 ♂♂ “ Bihar, West Champaran, 04.x.2016, leg. R. S. Mridha ” (NZCI).
Distribution. India: Bihar and West Bengal (Ahrens & Fabrizi 2016; this paper).
Remark. This is the first record of this species for Bihar.
description: Published as part of Bhunia, Debika, Gupta, Devanshu, Sarkar, Subhankar Kumar & Ahrens, Dirk, 2023, A new species and new records of Sericini chafers from the Lower Gangetic Plains in India (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Sericinae), pp. 351-371 in Zootaxa 5353 (4) on page 366, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8430714
Pseudosphyrapus
Creators: name: Larsen, Kim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Tanaidacea
Sphyrapodidae
Pseudosphyrapus

description: Key to the species of Pseudosphyrapus, females only unless otherwise stated
1 Rostrum with rounded apex without any denticles......................................... P. centobi Bäcescu, 1981
- Rostrum with distal denticles............................................................................. 2
2 Pleonite epimera rounded............................................................................... 3
- Pleonite epimera pointed................................................................................ 5
3 Antennule article 1 with about ten outer simple setae; outer flagellum three-articulate.... P. gutui Kudinova-Pasternak, 1985
- Antennule article 1 with three–four outer simple setae; outer flagellum five-articulate in female (seven-articulate in male)... 4
4 Pereopod 1 propodus with five ventral and one dorsal spiniform setae. Antennule peduncle consists of three articles + common article....................................................................... P. anomalus (G.O. Sars, 1869)
- Pereopod 1 propodus with four ventral and two dorsal spiniform setae. Antennule peduncle articles 2 and 3 apparently fused (consist of two articles + common article)................................................. P.. sp A Larsen, 2005
5 Processes on epimera of pleonite 5 equal in size to those of pleonites 1–4........................................ 6
- Processes on epimera of pleonite 5 much larger than rest......................... P. quintolongus Kaukui, et al., 2007).
6 Basal article of pleopod with one ventral plumose seta........................................................ 7
- Basal article of pleopod lacks ventral plumose setae......................................... P. vladimiri Guţu, 1989
7.....................Carpus of pereopod 1 with three ventral spiniform setae. Mandible palp with setae on article 2 and 3............................................................................. P. serratus (G.O. Sars, 1882)
- Carpus of pereopod 1 with two ventral spiniform setae. Mandible palp with setae only on article 3................................................................................................. Pseudosphyrapus azorensis n. sp.
description: Published as part of Larsen, Kim, 2012, Tanaidacea (Crustacea) from Macaronesia II. The deep-water fauna from the Azores archipelago, Portugal, pp. 26-42 in Zootaxa 3250 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280575
Tauala palumaensis Żabka & Patoleta, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Żabka, Marek
name: Patoleta, Barbara M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Tauala
Tauala palumaensis

description: Tauala palumaensis sp. nov.
Figs 32–40, 63
Type material. Male holotype, Paluma Dam Road, WNW Paluma, 19º00'32" S, 146º12'32" E, [-19.00, 146.20], Queensland, Australia, Malaise trap, 30 Nov.–16 Dec. 1988, QMB S90769.
Etymology. From type locality, to be treated as an adjective.
Diagnosis. In comparison with T. lepidus, embolus longer, apophysis set more distally and tibial setae missing.
Description. Male holotype (Figs 32–40). Cephalothorax light-brown, eye surroundings darker. Between ALE and PLE tufts of white setae present. Abdominal colour pattern not preserved. Anterior and posterior spinnerets dirty-brown, median ones pale. Clypeus brown. Chelicerae brown, with frontal depression and transverse ridges. Promargin with one massive apophysis (tooth) and one small tooth, retromargin with 9 teeth (Fig. 36). Maxillae and labium dirty-brown with lighter tips. Sternum pale. Venter colouration not preserved. In front of spinnerets a tuft of brown setae present. Legs I brown, ventrally fringed, tarsi yellow; tibiae with stripes of brown hairs and white scales, pro- and retroventral sides with 4 and 3 long spines, respectively, prolaterally additional spine present; metatarsi with 2 pairs of ventrolateral spines. Legs II dirty-orange, spination similar as in legs I, but prolaterally additional spine present. Other legs pale and delicate. Palpal organ as in Figs 37–40. Dimensions: CL 2.19, CW 2.18, CH 1.51, AL 3.32, AW 1.40, AEW 1.69, PEW 1.21, EFL 1.17. LI 8.09 (0.70 + 1.61 + 2.27 + 1.10 + 2.41), LII 6.67 (2.09 + 0.87 + 1.74 + 1.41 + 0.56), LIII 6.95 (0.57 + 1.84 + 1.57 + 0.80 + 2.17), LIV 8.18 (0.61 + 2.42 + 1.99 + 0.69 + 2.47).
Female. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 63).
description: Published as part of Żabka, Marek & Patoleta, Barbara M., 2015, New species of Taual a Wanless, 1988 from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Astiae), with a redefinition of the genus, pp. 501-517 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on page 509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253624
High-Dimensional Propensity Score and Its Machine Learning Extensions in Residual Confounding Control
Creators: name: Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: “The use of health care claims datasets often encounters criticism due to the pervasive issues of omitted variables and inaccuracies or mis-measurements in available confounders. Ultimately, the treatment effects estimated using such data sources may be subject to residual confounding. Digital electronic administrative records routinely collect a large volume of health-related information; and many of which are usually not considered in conventional pharmacoepidemiological studies. A high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) algorithm was proposed that uses such information as surrogates or proxies for mismeasured and unobserved confounders in an effort to reduce residual confounding bias. Since then, many machine learning and semi-parametric extensions of this algorithm have been proposed to better exploit the wealth of high-dimensional proxy information. In this tutorial, we will (i) demonstrate logic, steps and implementation guidelines of hdPS using an open data source as an example (using reproducible R codes), (ii) familiarize readers with the key difference between propensity score versus hdPS, as well as the requisite sensitivity analyses, (iii) explain the rationale for using the machine learning and double robust extensions of hdPS, and (iv) discuss advantages, controversies, and hdPS reporting guidelines while writing amanuscript.
Tauala bilobatus Żabka & Patoleta, 2015, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Żabka, Marek
name: Patoleta, Barbara M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Salticidae
Tauala
Tauala bilobatus

description: Tauala bilobatus sp. nov.
Figs 41–50, 63
Type material. Male holotype, Finch Hatton, 21º09' S, 148º38' E, [-21.15, 148.63], Queensland, Australia, 7–14 Apr. 1975, R. Raven, V.E. Davies, QMB S90807.
Etymology. From the bilobate tibial apophysis, to be treated as an adjective.
Diagnosis. Like in T. setosus, tegulum with no apophysis and tibial apophysis bilobate, but subtegulum and tibial scale-like setae missing. Cheliceral fang with a keel (Fig. 45).
Description. Male holotype (Figs 41–50). Eye field brown, eye surroundings darker. Thorax dirty-brown with median wide yellowish stripe. Grey lines radiating from fovea, lower margin dark-grey. Hairiness scarce, not distinctive. Abdomen grey, with lighter median pattern of indistinct chevrons. Spinnerets pale, with grey longitudinal stripe. Clypeus very narrow, dirty-brown. Chelicerae brown, very robust, papillate on the anterior surface, with lateral flanges, and big promarginal apophysis. Posterior cheliceral surface with distinctive depression, bordered by longitudinal ridge. Promargin and retromargin with 3 and 8 teeth, respectively (Fig. 46). Maxillae and labium brownish, with lighter tips. Sternum yellowish, with grey coating. Venter light-grey, pattern poorly preserved. Leg I massive, dirty-brown, patellae and tarsi lighter, tibiae and metatarsi with 3 and 2 pair of long ventrolateral spines respectively, the former with more numerous ventral hairs. Other legs lighter and more delicate, their femora light-pale with dark patches on sides. Palpal organ as in Figs 47–50. Dimensions: CL 2.04, CW 1.74, CH 1.32, AL 3.39, AW 1.45, AEW 1.68, PEW 1.33, EFL 1.18, LI 5.62 (0.47 + 1.11 + 1.44 + 0.97 + 1.63), LII 4.82 (0.44 + 1.04 + 1.09 + 0.77 + 1.47), LIII 5.18 (0.48 + 1.37 + 1.18 + 0.66 + 1.49), LIV 6.19 (0.58 + 1.65 + 1.54 + 0.70 + 1.72).
Female. Unknown.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 63).
description: Published as part of Żabka, Marek & Patoleta, Barbara M., 2015, New species of Taual a Wanless, 1988 from Australia (Araneae: Salticidae: Astioida: Astiae), with a redefinition of the genus, pp. 501-517 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on page 509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253624
Pison lagunae Ashmead, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc.
Creators: name: Swezey, O. H.
Publisher: name: Bernice P. Bishop Museum
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Crabronidae
Pison
Pison lagunae

description: 4. Pison lagunae Ashmead, U. S. Nat. Mus., Proc. 28: 131, 1905.
Piti, July 11, Swezey, one specimen.
This Philippine species was collected by Fullaway in Guam in 1911. There are ten specimens of it in the collection at Bishop Museum. I obtained only one specimen, identified by F. X. Williams.
description: Published as part of Swezey, O. H., 1942, Wasps of Guam, pp. 184-187 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on page 185, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5160297
Rhabdoblatta trilobata
Creators: name: Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame
name: Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à
name: Legendre, Frédéric
name: Menbohan, Samuel Foto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Blattodea
Blaberidae
Rhabdoblatta
Rhabdoblatta trilobata

description: Rhabdoblatta trilobata (Saussure, 1891)
Epilampra trilobata Saussure, 1891: 25.
Epilampra trilobata – Saussure 1895: 356. — Saussure & Zehntner 1895: 60. — Shelford, 1910: 14. — Chopard 1952: 466.
Heterolampra trilobata – Kirby 1904: 123.
Rhabdoblatta trilobata – Princis 1967: 682.
Remarks
The habitus and subgenital plate of a female specimen was figured in Saussure & Zehntner (1895). Chopard (1952) reported this species from moss forest (“forêt de mousses”) on Mount Tsaratanana.
description: Published as part of Mbia, Donald-L'or Nyame, Ngon, Eric Belmond Biram à, Legendre, Frédéric & Menbohan, Samuel Foto, 2024, Semi-aquatic Epilamprinae cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae) in Cameroon: towards a revision of continental African species of Rhabdoblatta Kirby, 1903 and Africalolampra Roth, 1995, pp. 1-57 in European Journal of Taxonomy 946 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.946.2615, http://zenodo.org/record/13177205
High-dimensional propensity score and its machine learning extensions in residual confounding control
Creators: name: Karim, Mohammad Ehsanul
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: “The use of health care claims datasets often encounters criticism due to the pervasive issues of omitted variables and inaccuracies or mis-measurements in available confounders. Ultimately, the treatment effects estimated utilizing such data sources may be subject to residual confounding. Digital electronic administrative records routinely collect a large volume of health-related information; and many of which are usually not considered in conventional pharmacoepidemiological studies. A high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) algorithm was proposed that utilizes such information as surrogates or proxies for mismeasured and unobserved confounders in an effort to reduce residual confounding bias. Since then, many machine learning and semi-parametric extensions of this algorithm have been proposed to better exploit the wealth of high-dimensional proxy information. In this tutorial, we will (i) demonstrate logic, steps and implementation guidelines of hdPS utilizing an open data source as an example (using reproducible R codes), (ii) familiarize readers with the key difference between propensity score vs. hdPS, as well as the requisite sensitivity analyses, (iii) explain the rationale for using the machine learning and double robust extensions of hdPS, and (iv) discuss advantages, controversies, and hdPS reporting guidelines while writing a manuscript.”