cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Wave-induced light field fluctuations in measured irradiance depth profiles: A wavelet analysis
Creators: name: Wei, Jianwei
name: Lewis, Marlon R.
name: Dommelen, Ronnie Van
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Twardowski, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wavelets (Mathematics)
subject: Analysis of variance
subject: Spectral irradiance
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Optics

description: Rapid variations in the intensities of light are commonly observed in profiles of downwelling plane irradiance in the ocean. These fluctuations are often treated as noise and filtered out. Here an effort is made to extract the pertinent statistics to quantify the light field fluctuations from vertical profiles of irradiance measured under clear skies. The irradiance data are collected in oceanic and coastal waters using a traditional free-fall downwelling plane irradiance sensor. The irradiance profiles are transformed into time-frequency domain with a wavelet technique. Two signatures including the dominant frequency (<3.5 Hz) and the coefficient of variation of irradiance fluctuations along the water column are identified from the variance spectrum. Both the dominant frequency and the amplitude decrease as the inverse square root of depth, consistent with simple models of wave focusing and data from other studies. Mechanisms contributing to the observed variations and the observational uncertainties are discussed.
Local density of optical states in the band gap of a finite photonic crystal
Creators: name: Yeganegi, Elahe
name: Lagendijk, Ad
name: Mosk, Allard P.
name: Vos, Willem L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the local density of states (LDOS) in a finite photonic crystal, in particular in the frequency range of the band gap. We propose a new point of view on the band gap, which we consider to be the result of vacuum fluctuations in free space that tunnel in the forbidden range in the crystal. As a result, we arrive at a model for the LDOS that is in two major items modified compared to the well-known expression for infinite crystals. Firstly, we modify the Dirac delta functions to become Lorentzians with a width set by the crystal size. Secondly, building on characterization of the fields versus frequency and position we calculated the fields in the band gap. We start from the fields at the band edges, interpolated in space and position, and incorporating the exponential damping in the band gap. We compare our proposed model to exact calculations in one dimension using the transfer matrix method and find very good agreement. Notably, we find that in finite crystals, the LDOS depends on frequency, on position, and on crystal size, in stark contrast to the well-known results for infinite crystals.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Retrospective cohort analysis of weight changes during the COVID-19 pandemic in a pediatric asthma population
Creators: name: O’Rourke, Cari
name: Wood, Philippa
name: Macleod, Kenneth A.
name: Westwood, Julie
name: Urquhart, Don S
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: To investigate the BMI trajectories of children attending a tertiary asthma clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected retrospectively on children and young people with asthma who attended the Royal Hospital for Children and Young People (RHCYP) before March 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and after August 2021 (the lifting of national restrictions). Changes in weight, height, and BMI Z score measured between 13/03/2019 and 13/03/2020 (timepoint 1) and then again during the period 01/08/2021 to 01/10/2022 (timepoint 2); changes in lung function parameters (FEV1) between the timepoints; proportion of study sample classed as obese and overweight at both timepoints; interaction analyses according to deprivation indices (SIMD decile), the use of high dose inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy, and the presence of atopy. Eighty-nine children aged 5–18 years were studied. Weight and height Z scores significantly increased between timepoint 1 and 2 [weight Z score: +0.19 (0.08, +0.30), height Z score: +0.15 (+0.07, +0.23)], such that no significant change was observed in the BMI Z score [+ 0.07 (−0.05, +0.20)] or BMI centile [+0.5 (−3.1, +4.1)]. There was also no change in FEV1%predicted [−0.1 (−3.8, +3.6)] between the timepoints. No changes in BMI were observed in children with asthma before and after COVID-19 lockdowns. Improved linear growth was noted, implying an improvement in the overall physical health of our study cohort. This may suggest improved asthma control, which may reflect avoidance of viral triggers and/or improved adherence to treatment.
A Note on the Phillips Spectral Framework for Ocean Whitecaps
Creators: name: Banner, Michael L.
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Gemmrich, Johannes R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Turbulence
subject: Oceanography--Remote sensing
subject: Ocean circulation
subject: Wind waves--Mathematical models
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Meteorology

description: There has been a recent upsurge in interest in quantifying kinematic, dynamic, and energetic properties of wave breaking in the open ocean, especially in severe sea states. The underpinning observational and modeling framework is provided by the seminal paper of O. M. Phillips. In this note, a fundamental issue contributing to the scatter in results between investigators is highlighted. This issue relates to the choice of the independent variable used in the expression for the spectral density of the mean breaking crest length per unit area. This note investigates the consequences of the different choices of independent variable presently used by various investigators for validating Phillips model predictions for the spectral density of the breaking crest length per unit area and the associated spectral breaking strength coefficient. These spectral measures have a central role in inferring the associated turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate and the momentum flux to the upper ocean from breaking wave observations.
Vector triplets at the LHC
Creators: name: Lizana, J. M.
name: Perez-Victoria, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several popular extensions of the Standard Model predict extra vector fields that transform as triplets under the gauge group SU(2)_L. These multiplets contain Z' and W' bosons, with masses and couplings related by gauge invariance. We review some model-independent results about these new vector bosons, with emphasis on di-lepton and lepton-plus-missing-energy signals at the LHC.
description: LaTex 5 pages. Talk by M. Perez-Victoria at LHCP 2013, Barcelona, Spain, May 13-18, 2013. New reference added
Microgale Thomas 1882
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Tenrecidae
Microgale

description: Microgale Thomas, 1882. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., 16:319. COMMENT: Includes Nesogale and Paramicrogale; does not include Leptogale; see Heim de Balsac, 1972; Eisenberg and Gould, 1970, Smithson. Contrib. Zool., p. 27. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403002008000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
description: {"references": ["Heim de Balsac, H. 1972. Insectivores. Pp. 629 - 660, in Biogeography and ecology in Madagascar (R. Battistini, and G. Richard-Vindard, eds.). W. Junk, The Hague, 765 pp.", "Eisenberg, J. F., and E. Gould. 1970. The tenrecs: A study in mammalian behavior and evolution. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 27: 1 - 138."]}
A parameter model of gas exchange for the seasonal sea ice zone
Creators: name: Loose, B.
name: McGillis, Wade R.
name: Perovich, D.
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Schlosser, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
subject: Atmospheric turbulence--Mathematical models
subject: Sea ice
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Meteorology

description: Carbon budgets for the polar oceans require better constraint on air–sea gas exchange in the sea ice zone (SIZ). Here, we utilize advances in the theory of turbulence, mixing and air–sea flux in the ice–ocean boundary layer (IOBL) to formulate a simple model for gas exchange when the surface ocean is partially covered by sea ice. The gas transfer velocity (k) is related to shear-driven and convection-driven turbulence in the aqueous mass boundary layer, and to the mean-squared wave slope at the air–sea interface. We use the model to estimate k along the drift track of ice-tethered profilers (ITPs) in the Arctic. Individual estimates of daily-averaged k from ITP drifts ranged between 1.1 and 22 m d−1, and the fraction of open water (f) ranged from 0 to 0.83. Converted to area-weighted effective transfer velocities (keff), the minimum value of keff was 10−55 m d−1 near f = 0 with values exceeding keff = 5 m d−1 at f = 0.4. The model indicates that effects from shear and convection in the sea ice zone contribute an additional 40% to the magnitude of keff, beyond what would be predicted from an estimate of keff based solely upon a wind speed parameterization. Although the ultimate scaling relationship for gas exchange in the sea ice zone will require validation in laboratory and field studies, the basic parameter model described here demonstrates that it is feasible to formulate estimates of k based upon properties of the IOBL using data sources that presently exist.
Novelty Detection Under Multi-Instance Multi-Label Framework
Creators: name: Lou, Qi
name: Raich, Raviv
name: Briggs, Forrest
name: Fern, Xiaoli Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Novelty detection plays an important role in machine learning and signal processing. This paper studies novelty detection in a new setting where the data object is represented as a bag of instances and associated with multiple class labels, referred to as multi-instance multi-label (MIML) learning. Contrary to the common assumption in MIML that each instance in a bag belongs to one of the known classes, in novelty detection, we focus on the scenario where bags may contain novel-class instances. The goal is to determine, for any given instance in a new bag, whether it belongs to a known class or a novel class. Detecting novelty in the MIML setting captures many real-world phenomena and has many potential applications. For example, in a collection of tagged images, the tag may only cover a subset of objects existing in the images. Discovering an object whose class has not been previously tagged can be useful for the purpose of soliciting a label for the new object class. To address this novel problem, we present a discriminative framework for detecting new class instances. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method, and reveal that the presence of unlabeled novel instances in training bags is helpful to the detection of such instances in testing stage.
Wave breaking in developing and mature seas
Creators: name: Gemmrich, Johannes
name: Zappa, Christopher J.
name: Banner, Michael L.
name: Morison, Russel P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Surface waves (Oceanography)
subject: Wind waves--Mathematical models
subject: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hydrology

description: In response to the growing need for robust validation data for Phillips (1985) breaking wave spectral framework, we contribute new field results observed from R/P FLIP for the breaking crest length distributions, Λ, during two different wind-wave conditions, and breaking strength during one wind-wave condition. The first experiment in Santa Barbara Channel had developing seas and the second experiment in the central Pacific Ocean south of Hawaii had mature seas. These are among the first experiments to use dissipation rate measurements probing up into the breaking crest together with simultaneous measurements of breaking crest length distributions. We directly measured the effective breaking strength parameter to be inline image in mature seas with wave age, inline image, of 40–47. We also found that the velocity scale of the breaking dissipation rate peak decreases with increasing wave age. Further, the breaking crest length spectrum falls off slower than the inline image behavior predicted by Phillips (1985). The integrated dissipation rate was consistently higher for mature seas compared to developing seas due to higher energy and momentum fluxes from the wind.
Identifying asthma-related risks during hospitalization using the child asthma risk assessment tool
Creators: name: Schuler, Christine L.
name: Kercsmar, Carolyn
name: Mansour, Mona
name: McDowell, Karen M.
name: Huang, Guixia
name: Hossain, Md. Monir
name: Robinette, Eric D.
name: Beck, Andrew F.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Objective: The Child Asthma Risk Assessment Tool (CARAT) identifies risk factors for asthma morbidity. We hypothesized that CARAT-identified risk factors (using a CARAT adapted for inpatient use) would be associated with future healthcare utilization and would identify areas for intervention. Methods: We reviewed CARAT data collected during pediatric asthma admissions from 2010–2015, assessing for risk factors in environmental, medical, and social domains and providing prompts for inpatient (specialist consultation or social services engagement) and post-discharge interventions (home care visit or home environmental assessment). Confirmatory factor analysis identified groups of CARAT-identified risk factors with similar effects on healthcare utilization (latent factors). Structural equation models then evaluated relationships between latent factors and future utilization. Results: There were 2731 unique patients admitted for asthma exacerbations; 1015 (37%) had complete CARAT assessments and were included in analyses. Those with incomplete CARAT assessments were more often younger and privately-insured. CARAT-identified risk factors across domains were common in children hospitalized for exacerbations. Risks in the environmental domain were most common. Inpatient asthma consults by pulmonologists or allergists and home care referrals were the most frequent interventions indicated (62%, 628/1015, and 50%, 510/1015, respectively). Two latent factors were positively associated with healthcare utilization in the year after index stay – social stressors and known/suspected allergies (both p < 0.05). Stratified analyses analyzing data just from those children with prior healthcare utilization also indicated known/suspected allergies to be positively associated with future utilization. Conclusions: Inpatient interventions to address social stressors and allergic profiles may be warranted to reduce subsequent asthma morbidity.
Microgale brevicaudata G. Grandidier 1899
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Tenrecidae
Microgale
Microgale brevicaudata

description: Microgale brevicaudata G. Grandidier, 1899. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 5: 349. TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Mahanara, 75 km S. of Vohemar. DISTRIBUTION: N. E. Madagascar. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403002008001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
Glacier maxima in Baffin Bay during the Medieval Warm Period coeval with Norse settlement
Creators: name: Young, Nicolas E.
name: Schweinsberg, Avriel D.
name: Briner, Jason P.
name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Glaciers
Beryllium--Isotopes
North Atlantic oscillation
Climatic changes
Meteorology
Paleoclimatology

description: The climatic mechanisms driving the shift from the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to the Little Ice Age (LIA) in the North Atlantic region are debated. We use cosmogenic beryllium-10 dating to develop a moraine chronology with century-scale resolution over the last millennium and show that alpine glaciers in Baffin Island and western Greenland were at or near their maximum LIA configurations during the proposed general timing of the MWP. Complimentary paleoclimate proxy data suggest that the western North Atlantic region remained cool, whereas the eastern North Atlantic region was comparatively warmer during the MWP—a dipole pattern compatible with a persistent positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. These results demonstrate that over the last millennium, glaciers approached their eventual LIA maxima before what is considered the classic LIA in the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, a relatively cool western North Atlantic region during the MWP has implications for understanding Norse migration patterns during the MWP. Our results, paired with other regional climate records, point to nonclimatic factors as contributing to the Norse exodus from the western North Atlantic region.
Equilibrium Points of an AND-OR Tree: under Constraints on Probability
Creators: name: Suzuki, Toshio
name: Niida, Yoshinao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8; F.2.2
subject: 68T20, 68Q17, 03D15

description: We study a probability distribution d on the truth assignments to a uniform binary AND-OR tree. Liu and Tanaka [2007, Inform. Process. Lett.] showed the following: If d achieves the equilibrium among independent distributions (ID) then d is an independent identical distribution (IID). We show a stronger form of the above result. Given a real number r such that 0 < r < 1, we consider a constraint that the probability of the root node having the value 0 is r. Our main result is the following: When we restrict ourselves to IDs satisfying this constraint, the above result of Liu and Tanaka still holds. The proof employs clever tricks of induction. In particular, we show two fundamental relationships between expected cost and probability in an IID on an OR-AND tree: (1) The ratio of the cost to the probability (of the root having the value 0) is a decreasing function of the probability x of the leaf. (2) The ratio of derivative of the cost to the derivative of the probability is a decreasing function of x, too.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures
Alpha-Particle Clustering from Expanding Self-Conjugate Nuclei within the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Approach
Creators: name: Girod, Michel
name: Schuck, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear equation of state is explored with the constrained HFB approach for self conjugate nuclei. It is found that beyond a certain low, more or less universal density, those nuclei spontaneously cluster into A/4 alpha particles with A the nucleon number. The energy at the threshold density increases linearly with the number of alpha particles as does the experimental threshold energy. Taking off the spurious c.o.m. energy of each alpha particle almost gives agreement between theory and experiment. The implications of these results with respect to alpha clustering and the nuclear EOS at low density are discussed.
Microgale cowani Thomas 1883
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Tenrecidae
Microgale
Microgale cowani

description: Microgale cowani Thomas, 1883. J. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., 16:319. TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, E. Betsileo. DISTRIBUTION: Ankafana forest (E. Madagascar). ISIS NUMBER: 5301403002008002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence
Creators: name: Ramalho, Ricardo S.
name: Winckler, Gisela
name: Madeira, José
name: Helffrich, George R.
name: Hipólito, Ana
name: Quartau, Rui
name: Adena, Katherine
name: Schaefer, Joerg M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tsunamis--Forecasting
subject: Volcanic hazard analysis
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Large-scale gravitational flank collapses of steep volcanic islands are hypothetically capable of triggering megatsunamis with highly catastrophic effects. Yet, evidence for the generation and impact of collapse-triggered megatsunamis and their high run-ups remains scarce or is highly controversial. Therefore, doubts remain on whether island flank failures truly generate enough volume flux to trigger giant tsunamis, leading to diverging opinions concerning the real hazard potential of such collapses. We show that one of the most prominent oceanic volcanoes on Earth—Fogo, in the Cape Verde Islands—catastrophically collapsed and triggered a megatsunami with devastating effects ~73,000 years ago. Our deductions are based on the recent discovery and cosmogenic 3He dating of tsunamigenic deposits found on nearby Santiago Island, which attest to the impact of this giant tsunami and document wave run-up heights exceeding 270 m. The evidence reported here implies that Fogo’s flank failure involved at least one fast and voluminous event that led to a giant tsunami, in contrast to what has been suggested before. Our observations therefore further demonstrate that flank collapses may indeed catastrophically happen and are capable of triggering tsunamis of enormous height and energy, adding to their hazard potential.
Age-related differences in associations between uncontrolled asthma, comorbidities and biomarkers in adult-onset asthma
Creators: name: Warm, Katja
name: Hedman, Linnea
name: Stridsman, Caroline
name: Lindberg, Anne
name: Rönmark, Eva
name: Backman, Helena
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Adult-onset asthma is a recognized but heterogeneous phenotype and has been described to associate with poor asthma control. Knowledge about associations between clinical characteristics including comorbidities and control of adult-onset asthma is limited, especially in older populations. We aimed to study how clinical biomarkers and comorbidities associate with uncontrolled asthma among middle-aged and older individuals with adult-onset asthma. Clinical examinations including structured interview, asthma control test (ACT), spirometry, skin prick test (SPT), blood sampling and measurement of exhaled fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) was performed in a population-based adult-onset asthma cohort in 2019-2020 (n = 227, 66.5% female). Analyses were performed among all included, and separately in middle-aged (37-64y, n = 120) and older (≥65y, n = 107) participants. In bivariate analysis, uncontrolled asthma (ACT ≤ 19) was significantly associated with a blood neutrophil count ≥5/µl, BMI ≥ 30 and several comorbidities. In multivariable regression analysis, uncontrolled asthma was associated with neutrophils ≥5/µl (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.11-4.99). In age-stratified analysis, BMI ≥ 30 (OR 3.04; 1.24-7.50), eosinophils ≥0.3/µl (OR 3.17; 1.20-8.37), neutrophils ≥5/µl (OR 4.39; 1.53-12.62) and allergic rhinitis (OR 5.10; 1.59-16.30) were associated with uncontrolled asthma among the middle-aged. Among the older adults, uncontrolled asthma was only associated with comorbidities: chronic rhinitis (OR 4.08; 1.62-10.31), ischemic heart disease (OR 3.59; 1.17-10.98), malignancy (OR 3.10; 1.10-8.73) and depression/anxiety (OR 16.31; 1.82-146.05). In adult-onset asthma, comorbidities were strongly associated with uncontrolled asthma among older adults, while clinical biomarkers including eosinophils and neutrophils in blood were associated with uncontrolled asthma among middle-aged.
Four-Charm-Quark Matter from the CMS Collaboration as a Witness of the Development of High-Precision Hadron Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Liu, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent CMS observations in the di-$J/ψ$ invariant mass spectrum reveal new structures at 6638 MeV ($X(6600)$)) and 7134 MeV, and confirm the $X(6900)$ at 6847 MeV. These findings provide crucial insights into four-charm-quark matter. The CMS Collaboration's result serves as a testament to the progress in exploring exotic hadronic matter.
description: 2 pages and 1 figure. Accepted by Science Bulletin as Research Highlight
Cryptic Genetic Variation Can Make Irreducible Complexity a Common Mode of Adaptation
Creators: name: Trotter, Meredith V.
name: Weissman, Daniel B.
name: Peterson, Grant I.
name: Peck, Kayla M.
name: Masel, Joanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The existence of complex (multiple-step) genetic adaptations that are "irreducible" (i.e., all partial combinations are less fit than the original genotype) is one of the longest standing problems in evolutionary biology. In standard genetics parlance, these adaptations require the crossing of a wide adaptive valley of deleterious intermediate stages. Here we demonstrate, using a simple model, that evolution can cross wide valleys to produce "irreducibly complex" adaptations by making use of previously cryptic mutations. When revealed by an evolutionary capacitor, previously cryptic mutants have higher initial frequencies than do new mutations, bringing them closer to a valley-crossing saddle in allele frequency space. Moreover, simple combinatorics imply an enormous number of candidate combinations exist within available cryptic genetic variation. We model the dynamics of crossing of a wide adaptive valley after a capacitance event using both numerical simulations and analytical approximations. Although individual valley crossing events become less likely as valleys widen, by taking the combinatorics of genotype space into account, we see that revealing cryptic variation can cause the frequent evolution of complex adaptations. This finding also effectively dismantles "irreducible complexity" as an argument against evolution by providing a general mechanism for crossing wide adaptive valleys.
Philanthropy, Faith, and Influence: Documenting Protestant Missionary Activism during the Armenian Genocide
Creators: name: Call, Elizabeth N.
name: Baker, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Missionaries
World War (1914-1918)
Armenian massacres (1915-1923)
Religion
Military history
History

description: American Protestant missionaries played important political and cultural roles in the late Ottoman Empire in the period before, during, and after the Armenian genocide. They reported on events as they unfolded and were instrumental coordinating and executing relief efforts by Western governments and charities. The Burke Library’s Missionary Research Library, along with several other important collections at Columbia and other nearby research repositories, holds a uniquely rich and comprehensive body of primary and secondary source materials for understanding the genocide through the lens of the missionaries’ attempts to document and respond to the massacres.
The Mabuchi Completion of the Space of Kähler Potentials
Creators: name: Darvas, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Suppose $(X,ω)$ is a compact Kähler manifold. Following Mabuchi, the space of smooth Kähler potentials $\mathcal H$ can be endowed with a Riemannian structure, which induces an infinite dimensional path length metric space $(\mathcal H,d)$. We prove that the metric completion of $(\mathcal H,d)$ can be identified with $(\mathcal E^2(X,ω),\tilde d)$, and this latter space is a complete non-positively curved geodesic metric space. In obtaining this result, we will rely on envelope techniques which allow for a treatment in a very general context. Profiting from this, we will characterize the pairs of potentials in $\text{PSH}(X,ω)$ that can be connected by weak geodesics and we will also give a characterization of $\mathcal E(X,ω)$ in this context.
description: v3 New title and new introduction. No other changes
Microgale crassipes Milne-Edwards 1893
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Tenrecidae
Microgale
Microgale crassipes

description: Microgale crassipes Milne-Edwards, 1893. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., 15:98. TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, near Tananarive. DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type locality in C. Madagascar. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403002008003001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
Elevated surface chlorophyll associated with natural oil seeps in the Gulf of Mexico
Creators: name: D’souza, N. A.
name: Subramaniam, Ajit
name: Juhl, Andrew R.
name: Hafez, M.
name: Chekalyuk, Alexander M.
name: Phan, S.
name: Yan, Beizhan
name: MacDonald, I. R.
name: Weber, S. C.
name: Montoya, J. P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Hydrocarbons--Environmental aspects
Chlorophyll
Biogeochemistry
Chemical oceanography

description: Natural hydrocarbon seeps occur on the sea floor along continental margins, and account for up to 47% of the oil released into the oceans. Hydrocarbon seeps are known to support local benthic productivity, but little is known about their impact on photosynthetic organisms in the overlying water column. Here we present observations with high temporal and spatial resolution of chlorophyll concentrations in the northern Gulf of Mexico using in situ and shipboard flow-through fluorescence measurements from May to July 2012, as well as an analysis of ocean-colour satellite images from 1997 to 2007. All three methods reveal elevated chlorophyll concentrations in waters influenced by natural hydrocarbon seeps. Temperature and nutrient profiles above seep sites suggest that nutrient-rich water upwells from depth, which may facilitate phytoplankton growth and thus support the higher chlorophyll concentrations observed. Because upwelling occurs at natural seep locations around the world, we conclude that offshore hydrocarbon seeps, and perhaps other types of deep ocean vents and seeps at depths exceeding 1,000 m, may influence biogeochemistry and productivity of the overlying water column.
EGI-ACE Impact report
Creators: name: EGI-ACE Consortium
Publisher: name: EGI
Year: 2023
Subjects: EGI-ACE
impact report
key exploitable results
compute delivery
scientific communities

description: Discover the profound impact of the project through our comprehensive EGI-ACE Impact Report, showcasing the Key Exploitable Results, Success stories and Impacts on different areas.
Verzaichnuß deren vom 1754 bis solche Zeit Anno [1774] verstorbenen Brüder und Schwester der Löbl. Bruderschafft der H. Jungfrauen und Maryrin Caeciliae; [ca. 1756 - 1775]
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2008

description: Unterteilung der Sterberegister in: Manns-Persohnen, Weibs-Persohnen, Fürsten-Persohnen (1761, Erzbischof Klemens August von Köln) und Fürstl. Personen (1763, Bischof Johann Theodor von Freising)
Applications of Holography to Strongly Coupled Plasmas
Creators: name: Ewerz, Carlo
name: Schade, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study several observables related to heavy quarks in strongly coupled plasmas using the gauge/gravity correspondence. Besides the AdS_5 space dual to N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory we consider large classes of theories obtained from various deformations of the AdS_5 space. Among them are theories that solve equations of motion of a 5-dimensional Einstein-Hilbert-scalar action. Specifically, we calculate the screening distance of a heavy quark-antiquark pair moving at constant velocity through the plasma, the running coupling defined via the free energy of such a static pair, and the energy radiation from a heavy quark forced into a circular motion in the plasma. We find that these observables show universal behaviour in large classes of theories. The screening distance in these classes of theories, that is the maximal distance for which a heavy quark-antiquark pair is bound, is found to be bounded from below by its value in N=4 super Yang-Mills theory.
description: 8 pages, Talk presented by K. S. at Xth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, October 8-12, 2012, Munich
Minisuperspace Canonical Quantization of the Reissner-Nordstrom Black Hole via Conditional Symmetries
Creators: name: Christodoulakis, T.
name: Dimakis, N.
name: Terzis, Petros A.
name: Vakili, Babak
name: Melas, E.
name: Grammenos, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the conditional symmetry approach to study the $r$-evolution of a minisuperspace spherically symmetric model both at the classical and quantum level. After integration of the coordinates $t$, $θ$ and $ϕ$ in the gravitational plus electromagnetic action the configuration space dependent dynamical variables turn out to correspond to the $r$-dependent metric functions and the electrostatic field. In the context of the formalism for constrained systems (Dirac - Bergmann, ADM) with respect to the radial coordinate $r$, we set up a point-like reparameterization invariant Lagrangian. It is seen that, in the constant potential parametrization of the lapse, the corresponding minisuperspace is a Lorentzian three-dimensional flat manifold which obviously admits six Killing vector fields plus a homothetic one. The weakly vanishing $r$-Hamiltonian guarantees that the phase space quantities associated to the six Killing fields are linear holonomic integrals of motion. The homothetic field provides one more rheonomic integral of motion. These seven integrals are shown to comprise the entire classical solution space, i.e. the space-time of a Reissner-Nordström black hole, the $r$-reparametrization invariance since one dependent variable remains unfixed, and the two quadratic relations satisfied by the integration constants. We then quantize the model using the quantum analogues of the classical conditional symmetries, and show that the existence of such symmetries yields solutions to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation which, as a semiclassical analysis shows, exhibit a good correlation with the classical regime. We use the resulting wave functions to investigate the possibility of removing the classical singularities.
description: LaTeX2e source file, 21 pages, no figures
Silicon isotopes indicate enhanced carbon export efficiency in the North Atlantic during deglaciation
Creators: name: Hendry, Katharine R.
name: Robinson, Laura F.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Hays, James D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Silicic acid
Oceanography--Research
Climatic changes
Chemical oceanography
Biogeochemistry

description: Today’s Sargasso Sea is nutrient starved, except for episodic upwelling events caused by wind-driven winter mixing and eddies. Enhanced diatom opal burial in Sargasso Sea sediments indicates that silicic acid, a limiting nutrient today, may have been more available in subsurface waters during Heinrich Stadials, millennial-scale climate perturbations of the last glacial and deglaciation. Here we use the geochemistry of opal-forming organisms from different water depths to demonstrate changes in silicic acid supply and utilization during the most recent Heinrich Stadial. We suggest that during the early phase (17.5–18 ka), wind-driven upwelling replenished silicic acid to the subsurface, resulting in low Si utilization. By 17 ka, stratification reduced the surface silicic acid supply leading to increased Si utilization efficiency. This abrupt shift in Si cycling would have contributed to high regional carbon export efficiency during the recent Heinrich Stadial, despite being a period of increasing atmospheric CO2.
Enhancement of Critical Current Densities in (Ba,K)Fe2As2 by 320 MeV Au Irradiation in Single Crystals and by High-Pressure Sintering in PIT Wires
Creators: name: Pyon, Sunseng
name: Taen, Toshihiro
name: Ohtake, Fumiaki
name: Tsuchiya, Yuji
name: Inoue, Hiroshi
name: Akiyama, Hiroki
name: Kajitani, Hideki
name: Koizumi, Norikiyo
name: Okayasu, Satoru
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a large enhancement of critical current density (Jc) up to 1.0x10^7 A/cm2 at 5 K under self-field in (Ba,K)Fe2As2 single crystals by irradiating 320 MeV Au ions. With the very promising potential of this material in mind, we have fabricated a (Ba,K)Fe2As2 superconducting wire through a powder-in-tube method combined with the hot isostatic pressing technique, whose effectiveness has been proven in industrial Bi2223 tapes. The Jc in the wire at 4.2 K has reached 37 kA/cm2 under self-field and 3.0 kA/cm2 at 90 kOe. Magneto-optical imaging of the wire confirmed the large intergranular Jc in the wire core.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Appl. Phys. Express
EGI-ACE Impact report
Creators: name: EGI-ACE Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: EGI-ACE
impact report
key exploitable results
compute delivery
scientific communities

description: Discover the profound impact of the project through our comprehensive EGI-ACE Impact Report, showcasing the Key Exploitable Results, Success stories and Impacts on different areas.
On the completeness of solutions of Bethe's equations
Creators: name: Hao, Wenrui
name: Nepomechie, Rafael I.
name: Sommese, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Bethe equations for the isotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg quantum spin chain with periodic boundary conditions. We formulate a conjecture for the number of solutions with pairwise distinct roots of these equations, in terms of numbers of so-called singular (or exceptional) solutions. Using homotopy continuation methods, we find all such solutions of the Bethe equations for chains of length up to 14. The numbers of these solutions are in perfect agreement with the conjecture. We also discuss an indirect method of finding solutions of the Bethe equations by solving the Baxter T-Q equation. We briefly comment on implications for thermodynamical computations based on the string hypothesis.
description: 17 pages; 85 tables provided as supplemental material; v2: clarifications and references added; v3: numerical results extended to N=14, M=7
Dynamics of the modified Kibble-Żurek mechanism in antiferromagnetic spin-1 condensates
Creators: name: Witkowska, Emilia
name: Dziarmaga, Jacek
name: Świsłocki, Tomasz
name: Matuszewski, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics and outcome of a quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to phase separated ground state in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms. We explicitly demonstrate double universality in dynamics within experiments with various quench time. Furthermore, we show that spin domains created in the nonequilibrium transition constitute a set of mutually incoherent quasicondensates. The quasicondensates appear to be positioned in a semi-regular fashion, which is a result of the conservation of local magnetization during the post-selection dynamics.
CSWin-UNet: Transformer UNet with Cross-Shaped Windows for Medical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao
name: Gao, Peng
name: Yu, Tao
name: Wang, Fei
name: Yuan, Ru-Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning, especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformer architectures, have become the focus of extensive research in medical image segmentation, achieving impressive results. However, CNNs come with inductive biases that limit their effectiveness in more complex, varied segmentation scenarios. Conversely, while Transformer-based methods excel at capturing global and long-range semantic details, they suffer from high computational demands. In this study, we propose CSWin-UNet, a novel U-shaped segmentation method that incorporates the CSWin self-attention mechanism into the UNet to facilitate horizontal and vertical stripes self-attention. This method significantly enhances both computational efficiency and receptive field interactions. Additionally, our innovative decoder utilizes a content-aware reassembly operator that strategically reassembles features, guided by predicted kernels, for precise image resolution restoration. Our extensive empirical evaluations on diverse datasets, including synapse multi-organ CT, cardiac MRI, and skin lesions, demonstrate that CSWin-UNet maintains low model complexity while delivering high segmentation accuracy. Codes are available at https://github.com/eatbeanss/CSWin-UNet.
Millennial-scale climatic variability between 340 000 and 270 000 years ago in SW Europe: evidence from a NW Iberian margin pollen sequence
Creators: name: Desprat, S.
name: Sanchez Goñi, M. F.
name: McManus, Jerry F.
name: Duprat, J.
name: Cortijo, E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Glaciers--Climatic factors
Crops and climate
Climatic changes
Paleoclimatology

description: We present a new high-resolution marine pollen record from NW Iberian margin sediments (core MD03-2697) covering the interval between 340 000 and 270 000 years ago, a time period centred on Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 and characterized by particular baseline climate states. This study enables the documentation of vegetation changes in the north-western Iberian Peninsula and therefore the terrestrial climatic variability at orbital and in particular at millennial scales during MIS 9, directly on a marine stratigraphy. Suborbital vegetation changes in NW Iberia in response to cool/cold events are detected throughout the studied interval even during MIS 9e ice volume minimum. However, they appear more frequent and of higher amplitude during the 30 000 years following the MIS 9e interglacial period and during the MIS 9a-8 transition, which correspond to intervals of an intermediate to high ice volume and mainly periods of ice growth. Each suborbital cold event detected in NW Iberia has a counterpart in the Southern Iberian margin SST record. High to moderate amplitude cold episodes detected on land and in the ocean appear to be related to changes in deep water circulation and probably to iceberg discharges at least during MIS 9d, the mid-MIS 9c cold event and MIS 9b. This work provides therefore additional evidence of pervasive millennial-scale climatic variability in the North Atlantic borderlands throughout past climatic cycles of the Late Pleistocene, regardless of glacial state. However, ice volume might have an indirect influence on the amplitude of the millennial climatic changes in Southern Europe.
Microgale decaryi G. Grandidier 1928
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Insectivora
Tenrecidae
Microgale
Microgale decaryi

description: Microgale decaryi G. Grandidier, 1928. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 34:69. TYPE LOCALITY: Madagascar, Andragomana Grotto, south of Fort Dauphin. DISTRIBUTION: S. Madagascar. COMMENT: Formerly included in Paramicrogale; see Heim de Balsac, 1972. ISIS NUMBER: 5301403002008004001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Insectivora, pp. 58-106 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353001
description: {"references": ["Heim de Balsac, H. 1972. Insectivores. Pp. 629 - 660, in Biogeography and ecology in Madagascar (R. Battistini, and G. Richard-Vindard, eds.). W. Junk, The Hague, 765 pp."]}