cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Public Private Partnership in Equitable Urban Tech Delivery: LinkNYC
Creators: Kim, Jin Hong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: City planning
Wireless Internet
Wireless communication systems
Public-private sector cooperation

description: When LinkNYC first launched in 2016, New York City initiated the largest municipal wireless network project in the world. The advertisement revenue from its digital kiosks would subsidize the cost of the city’s fiber network build-out while providing free Wi-Fi throughout New York City at zero cost to the taxpayer – it was widely seen as a strategy for the city to address its digital divide that prevailed especially in outer borough communities. Fast forward to today, the city is over 4,000 kiosks short of the 7,500 promised and significantly lacking services in outer boroughs where reliable internet access has been a dire need especially in the recent global pandemic. This thesis asks what key measures key partners have taken and its effectiveness in the LinkNYC initiative to ensure equitable distribution of broadband to underserved communities. More specifically, this research looks at the broader discussion of broadband provision through public-private partnerships, like LinkNYC, and taking it as a case study in the different the approaches municipalities take on to provide universal broadband for all.
Sporobolus mildbraedii Pilg.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Sporobolus
Sporobolus mildbraedii

description: Sporobolus mildbraedii Pilg.  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMDF; 1 500–2 100 m. Distribution: IIIa.
Voucher: N/A.
 Reference: Clayton et al. (1974a).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Public Space in Beijing: A Comparative Case Study of Two Riparian Spaces, Beijing South Moat Park and Madrid Rio Park
Creators: Zhao, Runpeng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: City planning
Riparian areas
Urban parks
Public spaces--Planning
Cultural property

description: This thesis examines the Beijing south moat park with a comparative case study of the Madrid Rio park. It contains three aspects that the BSM park is anticipated to achieve—a key to reviving city history, urban expressway landscape, and modern public space. In each aspect, the comparative case study of the Madrid Rio park, which is widely regarded as a successful public space transformation, will serve as the comparative study to illustrate the weaknesses of the current situation of the BSM park. Along with the analysis of two other case studies, Montgomery, Alabama and Cheonggyecheon, Seoul, this thesis seeks to provide comprehensive recommendations in different aspects of the BSM park by extracting and purifying the strength and weakness of the comparative case studies. The overall key findings include recommendations that fit in four categories: cultural heritage, reconnecting segmented spaces, non-vehicular traffic, and placemaking.
Summation Formulas for the product of the q-Kummer Functions from $E_q(2)$
Creators: name: Ahmedov, H.
name: Duru, I. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Using the representation of E_q(2) on the non-commutative space zz^*-qz^*z=σ; q<1, σ>0 summation formulas for the product of two, three and four q-Kummer functions are derived.
description: Latex, 8 pages
Public Regulation through Private Litigation: The Regulatory Power of Private Lawsuits and the American Bureaucracy
Creators: Mulroy, Quinn Weber
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Actions and defenses
subject: Administrative agencies
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: History
subject: Public administration

description: Embedded within the notably constrained American state, how can regulatory agencies ensure that enforcement goals are met? Some analyses suggest that this is not so easily done; rather, constraints on agencies' formal administrative powers are said to threaten their capacity for effective regulation. But recent scholarship contends that such accounts underestimate the pivotal and oftentimes `hidden' regulatory role played by less formal mechanisms of enforcement, such as private litigation. Building on this revisionist strain, this dissertation project closely examines the ways in which constrained agencies look outside themselves - and their formally granted administrative authority - for enforcement power by developing incentive structures that motivate private actors to engage in litigation that advances regulatory goals. Through an historical analysis of the development of the regulatory capacity of three agencies - the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, and the Office of Equal Opportunity at HUD - this project uses qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore how and when regulatory agencies choose to focus their limited resources on mobilizing private enforcement of public policy. First, using a careful examination of agency and presidential archival materials, I specify the mechanisms by which agency actors promote private litigation and uncover the institutional and political conditions under which this legal enforcement strategy is employed over time. And then, from these archival observations, I construct original quantitative measures capturing the deployment of these legal enforcement strategies, and conduct statistical analyses to confirm the success of agency efforts to encourage private litigation over time. Ultimately, by reconsidering how to integrate informal mechanisms of enforcement, like agency-motivated private litigation, into theories of bureaucratic regulation, this research contributes to our practical understandings of day-to-day agency behavior and to our conceptions and assessments of state capacity, more broadly.
Characterizing Evaporation Ducts Within the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Sit, Hilarie
name: Earls, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a multilayer perceptron machine learning (ML) regression approach to infer electromagnetic (EM) duct heights within the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) using sparsely sampled EM propagation data obtained within a bistatic context. This paper explains the rationale behind the selection of the ML network architecture, along with other model hyperparameters, in an effort to demystify the process of arriving at a useful ML model. The resulting speed of our ML predictions of EM duct heights, using sparse data measurements within MABL, indicates the suitability of the proposed method for real-time applications.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
title: Gustav Gaßner
Creators: name: Dorn, Paul
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1955
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 902

description: Nachruf, gehalten auf der Plenarsitzung der Braunschweigischen Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft am 25.5.2955
File-Local Variables
Creators: name: Verna, Didier
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Pacakges, Readtables, File-Local Variables

description: The Common Lisp standard defines two special variables, *package* and *readtable*, that are treated in a special way: the functions load and compile-file establish a new dynamic binding for each of them, so that any modification to their value at load or compile time becomes local to the file being processed. The motivation for the present document is the claim that this behavior could be useful for other, user-defined variables, although there is currently no way to do so in standard Common Lisp.
Public Vs. Private: The Effect of Profit Seeking in Caring for America’s Mentally Ill Incarcerated Youth
Creators: Lunde, Gry Hanna
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Juvenile delinquents--Mental health services
subject: Health facilities, Proprietary
subject: Medical care
subject: Human rights
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Mental health
subject: Health services administration

description: The U.S. criminal justice system has become the largest caretaker for the mentally ill population, and the prevalence of mental illness in the juvenile justice population is particularly high. Due to a shortage of available community-based mental health services, many youth rely on the juvenile justice system to provide them with necessary care. Although they have a constitutional right to adequate treatment while they are incarcerated, they are met with severe inadequacies in the system. The dramatic increase in the prison population emerging as a result of the stricter sentencing policies introduced in the final decades of the last century, created a high demand for private services in the field. This thesis is exploring the intersection of the use of private health care contractors with the comprehensive mental health needs of a young prison population, all in the perspective of the human rights violations suffered by this vulnerable group of individuals. By examining Department of Justice investigations from the inside of these facilities, as well as collecting opinions from advocates and experts in the criminal justice field, the thesis argues that privatization in the criminal justice system as it stands today, surrounded by a lack of transparency and accountability, reduces the likelihood for the human and constitutional rights of mentally ill youth to be fulfilled.
Lagrangian Grassmannians and Spinor Varieties in Characteristic Two
Creators: name: van Geemen, Bert
name: Marrani, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The vector space of symmetric matrices of size $n$ has a natural map to a projective space of dimension $2^n-1$ given by the principal minors. This map extends to the Lagrangian Grassmannian ${\rm LG}(n,2n)$ and over the complex numbers the image is defined, as a set, by quartic equations. In case the characteristic of the field is two, it was observed that, for $n=3,4$, the image is defined by quadrics. In this paper we show that this is the case for any $n$ and that moreover the image is the spinor variety associated to ${\rm Spin}(2n+1)$. Since some of the motivating examples are of interest in supergravity and in the black-hole/qubit correspondence, we conclude with a brief examination of other cases related to integral Freudenthal triple systems over integral cubic Jordan algebras.
W=0 Pairing in $(N,N)$ Carbon Nanotubes away from Half Filling
Creators: name: Perfetto, Enrico
name: Stefanucci, Gianluca
name: Cini, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Hubbard Hamiltonian $H$ on the honeycomb lattice to represent the valence bands of carbon single-wall $(N,N)$ nanotubes. A detailed symmetry analysis shows that the model allows W=0 pairs which we define as two-body singlet eigenstates of $H$ with vanishing on-site repulsion. By means of a non-perturbative canonical transformation we calculate the effective interaction between the electrons of a W=0 pair added to the interacting ground state. We show that the dressed W=0 pair is a bound state for resonable parameter values away from half filling. Exact diagonalization results for the (1,1) nanotube confirm the expectations. For $(N,N)$ nanotubes of length $l$, the binding energy of the pair depends strongly on the filling and decreases towards a small but nonzero value as $l \to \infty$. We observe the existence of an optimal doping when the number of electrons per C atom is in the range 1.2$÷$1.3, and the binding energy is of the order of 0.1 $÷$ 1 meV.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Sporobolus olivaceus Napper
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Sporobolus
Sporobolus olivaceus

description: Sporobolus olivaceus Napper  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: HZ, AZ; 2 200–4 000 m. Distribution: II.
 Voucher: Mount Kenya, Alt. 3 353 m, 20 Oct. 1943, Bally B3260 (EA).
 References: Clayton et al. (1974a), Young & Young (1983), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Successive phase transitions and quantum magnetization plateau in the spin-1 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ba$_2$La$_2$NiTe$_2$O$_{12}$
Creators: name: Saito, Mutsuki
name: Watanabe, Masari
name: Kurita, Nobuyuki
name: Matsuo, Akira
name: Kindo, Koichi
name: Avdeev, Maxim
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
name: Tanaka, Hidekazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crystal structure and magnetic properties of the spin-1 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ba$_2$La$_2$NiTe$_2$O$_{12}$ are reported. Its crystal structure is trigonal $R\bar{3}$, which is the same as that of Ba$_2$La$_2$NiW$_2$O$_{12}$ [Y. Doi et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 29, 365802 (2017)]. However, the exchange interaction $J/k_{\mathrm{B}}\simeq19$ K is much greater than that observed in the tungsten system. At zero magnetic field, Ba$_2$La$_2$NiTe$_2$O$_{12}$ undergoes successive magnetic phase transitions at $T_{\mathrm{N}1}=9.8$ K and $T_{\mathrm{N}2}=8.9$ K. The ground state is accompanied by a weak ferromagnetic moment. These results indicate that the ground-state spin structure is a triangular structure in a plane perpendicular to the triangular lattice owing to the small easy-axis-type anisotropy. The magnetization curve exhibits the one-third plateau characteristic of a two-dimensional triangular-lattice Heisenberg-like antiferromagnet. Exchange constants are also evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). The DFT results demonstrate the large difference in the exchange constants between tellurium and tungsten systems and the good two-dimensionality of the tellurium system.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables
Using novel technology for residue management and sustainable mine closure
Creators: name: Littlejohn, P.
name: Kratochvil, D.
name: Consigny, A.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: An important aspect of mine closure is the management of waste residues such as waste rock, tailings, water treatment by-products and other metallurgical process waste. Issues with waste residues include their mass and volume, long-term stability and environmental impact, the methods required for safe disposal and the metal value that may be recovered through reprocessing or offtake. Well-planned management of residues is required not only at sites that are currently in production but also at legacy sites and for projects that are in the permitting and planning stages. In order to navigate the challenges presented by management of residues, many industrial players are employing novel technologies to achieve sustainability. This paper examines three case studies involving the use of new or unconventional technology to improve sustainability and reduce the cost of residue management at different stages of mine life. One case study involves recovery of copper value from low-grade stockpile decades after active mining ceased. The second details a new arsenic management plan at an operating copper smelter, which focuses on dramatically reducing the volume of arsenic waste. The third describes a novel approach to environmental control to reduce selenium discharge to ultralow limits.
title: Durchströmbare Böschungsstrukturen
Creators: name: Büsching, Fritz
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Hohldeckwerk
subject: Küstenschutzbauwerk
subject: Welle-Bauwerk-Wechselwirkung
subject: Waschbewegung
subject: partielle Reflexion
subject: hollow cubes
subject: coastal structure
subject: wave-structure-interaction
subject: washing movement
subject: partial reflection
subject: 62

description: Für Baukonstruktionen des Küstenschutzes sowie für andere wellenbeanspruchte Böschungsstrukturen (Uferschutzwerke, Deichdeckwerke, Längswerke, Deckschichten von Wellenbrechern, Stauwände von Stahlwasserbaukonstruktionen oder dgl.) werden böschungsparallele Hohlstrukturen (Hohldeckwerke) vorgeschlagen. Diese haben den Zweck, das nach dem Wellenbrechen auf der Böschung befindliche Wasser unterhalb des Bezugswasserspiegels zurückzuleiten und damit eine Wechselwirkung zwischen der oberflächennahen Wasserteilchenkinematik ankommender Wellen und derjenigen des RückIaufwassers vorausgegangener Wellen weitgehend zu unterbinden. Versuche haben bestätigt, dass für die Bemessung von Baukonstruktionen mit derartigen Schutzstrukturen insbesondere geringere Brecherhöhen und Wellenauflaufhöhen zugrunde gelegt werden können.
description: A proposal is made for designing die cover layers of nonvertical coastal structures (such as seawalls, revetments, groins, jetties and breakwaters) in using hollow structural elements. The respective cavity is oriented more or less parallel to die slope face and thus permits the inside passage of the down-rush water of breakers. Its purpose consists in avoiding interaction processes between the particle kinematics of near surface water of oncoming waves and the downrush action of previous waves. It has been confirmed by model investigations that the dimensioning of such structures can be based on smaller breaker and runup heights.
Bridging the computational gap between mesoscopic and continuum modeling of red blood cells for fully resolved blood flow
Creators: name: Kotsalos, Christos
name: Latt, Jonas
name: Chopard, Bastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a computational framework for the simulation of blood flow with fully resolved red blood cells (RBCs) using a modular approach that consists of a lattice Boltzmann solver for the blood plasma, a novel finite element based solver for the deformable bodies and an immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction. For the RBCs, we propose a nodal projective FEM (npFEM) solver which has theoretical advantages over the more commonly used mass-spring systems (mesoscopic modeling), such as an unconditional stability, versatile material expressivity, and one set of parameters to fully describe the behavior of the body at any mesh resolution. At the same time, the method is substantially faster than other FEM solvers proposed in this field, and has an efficiency that is comparable to the one of mesoscopic models. At its core, the solver uses specially defined potential energies, and builds upon them a fast iterative procedure based on quasi-Newton techniques. For a known material, our solver has only one free parameter that demands tuning, related to the body viscoelasticity. In contrast, state-of-the-art solvers for deformable bodies have more free parameters, and the calibration of the models demands special assumptions regarding the mesh topology, which restrict their generality and mesh independence. We propose as well a modification to the potential energy proposed by Skalak et al. 1973 for the red blood cell membrane, which enhances the strain hardening behavior at higher deformations. Our viscoelastic model for the red blood cell, while simple enough and applicable to any kind of solver as a post-convergence step, can capture accurately the characteristic recovery time and tank-treading frequencies. The framework is validated using experimental data, and it proves to be scalable for multiple deformable bodies.
Carpiradialis Nino-Maldonado & Clark 2020
Creators: name: Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam
name: Clark, Shawn M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Chrysomelidae
Carpiradialis

description: Genus Carpiradialis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020a
Carpiradialis Niño-Maldonado & Clark, 2020a: 564 (type species Carpiradialis pueblensis NiñoMaldonado & Clark, 2020, by original designation).
Remarks
This genus includes two described species, both from Mexico. See Figs 112 and 206 for a habitus illustration and morphological details. The diagnostic key to the genera of Scelidites by Clark (1998) emphasized the presence or absence of a bead along the posterior margin of the pronotum. However, this character varies in Carpiradialis, being very fine yet discernable in one species and missing in the other. Even so, we believe that the two species are closely related and should be classified in the same genus. See Niño-Maldonado & Clark (2020a) for a key to the species of Carpiradialis.
description: Published as part of Viswajyothi, Keezhpattillam & Clark, Shawn M., 2022, New World genera of Galerucinae Latreille, 1802 (tribes Galerucini Latreille, 1802, Metacyclini Chapuis, 1875, and Luperini Gistel, 1848): an annotated list and identification key (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), pp. 1-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 842 on page 29, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.842.1945, http://zenodo.org/record/7222499
Response to: [Comment on Quantization of the damped harmonic oscillator [Serhan et al, J. Math. Phys. 59, 082105 (2018)]]
Creators: name: Serhan, M.
name: Abusini, M.
name: Al-Jamel, Ahmed
name: El-Nasser, H.
name: Rabei, Eqab M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a response to a recently reported comment [1] on paper [J. Math. Phys.59, 082105 (2018)] regarding the quantization of damped harmonic oscillator using a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with real energy eigenvalues. We assert here that the calculation of Eq. (29) of [2] is incorrect, and thus the subsequent steps via the Nikiforov-Uvarov method are affected, and the energy eigenvalues should have been complex. However, we show here that the Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian should be firstly achieved to make the correct transition from classical Hamiltonian to quantum counterpart, and this can be reached using the symmetrization rule. Applying the canonical quantization on the resulted Hermitian Hamiltonian and then using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method correctly, the energy eigenvalues will be real and exactly as given by Eq. (35) of [2].
description: 2 pages, no figure no table
title: Ein Beitrag zum Dichtungsproblem an Stahlwasserbaukonstruktionen
Creators: name: Büsching, Fritz
Publisher: name: Leichtweiß-Institut für Wasserbau
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Hydraulisches Dichtungsprinzip
subject: Dichtungswerkstoffe
subject: Holzdichtungen
subject: hydraulic sealing principle
subject: sealing material
subject: wooden sealings
subject: 62

description: Es werden die Aufgaben und Anforderungen, die an moderne Dichtungskonstruktionen gestellt werden, dargestellt und Erfahrungen mitgeteilt, die insbesondere beim Einsatz von verschiedenen Dichtungswerkstoffen, insbesondere bei Holzbalkendichtungen, gemacht wurden. Die Wirkungsweise verschiedener Dichtungskonstruktionen wird erläutert und in Bezug auf Beanspruchung, Werkstoff und Lage am Staukörper eine Übersicht gegeben. Sowohl die Montage der Dichtelemente als auch der Gegendichtungsflächen wird beschrieben.
Public space use in New York City, its relationship to space design character, surrounding context, and user's perception of publicness through space management and control
Creators: Zhou, Mi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Public spaces--Social aspects
City planning
Streetscapes (Urban design)
Public spaces--Planning
Zoning

description: New York City initiated incentive zoning in 1961 to encourage the private sector to provide public space through bonusing allowable building floor area. Such incentive zoning brought a boom in quantity of public space in New York City, the bonus developers gained is yet to be justified by the resulting space quality, in addition to the provision of light and air at street level. Numerous studies have evaluated public space quality and investigate factors influencing space quality. This thesis investigates the relationship between the design and management of public space, surrounding social context of public space in New York City. This thesis will also tackle the question raised by previous studies, of whether there is a difference between the actual adoption of control methods in public spaces and public perceptions of such methods.
Pulsar, PIC and Pigeon
Creators: Hu, Rui
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Astrophysics
Pulsars
Magnetospheric physics
Neutron stars
C++ (Computer program language)

description: The dissertation presents the computational technique Particle-In-Cell, or PIC for short, and its applications in studying the magnetospheres of neutron stars, modeled as conducting rotators with strong magnetic fields. Pigeon, an open-source PIC simulator written by the author in modern C++, is anatomically examined as an instrument to illustrate the principles, algorithms and engineering difficulties of the PIC technique. Two types of rotators are studied using Pigeon. The monopolar rotator, which has an exact solution in the force free limit, serves as a tester for the code, as well as an example of the PIC's capability. The main application of Pigeon is on the ab initio simulation of an (axisymmetric) dipolar rotator with self-consistent gamma ray photon emission and pair creation, the study of which could reveal valuable information of the mechanism of the pulsars. Thanks to the performance boost brought by Pigeon's dynamic load balancing functionality, we are able to perform the simulation with a 4096x4096 high resolution grid. The high resolution is critical in obtaining a Lorentz factor of 10000 of the polar cap potential drop, which in turn enables good separations of energy levels and hence makes the simulation closer to representing the real-life pulsars. With the high resolution, we are also able to study the Y point more closely, where we find that the angular momentum conservation dictates the process of magnetic flux surface crossing that is responsible for the release of electromagnetic energies into the plasma.
Modified Weak Energy Condition for the Energy Momentum Tensor in Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Latorre, J. I.
name: Osborn, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The weak energy condition is known to fail in general when applied to expectation values of the the energy momentum tensor in flat space quantum field theory. It is shown how the usual counter arguments against its validity are no longer applicable if the states $|ψ\r$ for which the expectation value is considered are restricted to a suitably defined subspace. A possible natural restriction on $|ψ\r$ is suggested and illustrated by two quantum mechanical examples based on a simple perturbed harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian. The proposed alternative quantum weak energy condition is applied to states formed by the action of scalar, vector and the energy momentum tensor operators on the vacuum. We assume conformal invariance in order to determine almost uniquely three-point functions involving the energy momentum tensor in terms of a few parameters. The positivity conditions lead to non trivial inequalities for these parameters. They are satisfied in free field theories, except in one case for dimensions close to two. Further restrictions on $|ψ\r$ are suggested which remove this problem. The inequalities which follow from considering the state formed by applying the energy momentum tensor to the vacuum are shown to imply that the coefficient of the topological term in the expectation value of the trace of the energy momentum tensor in an arbitrary curved space background is positive, in accord with calculations in free field theories.
description: 27 pages, 1 figure, uses harvmac, epsf and boldmath (included). Change of title and some text changes, form to be published
Discrete Cosmological Models in the Brans-Dicke Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Durk, Jessie
name: Clifton, Timothy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of building inhomogeneous cosmological models in scalar-tensor theories of gravity. This starts by splitting the field equations of these theories into constraint and evolution equations, and then proceeds by identifying exact solutions to the constraints. We find exact, closed form expressions for geometries that correspond to the initial data for cosmological models containing regular arrays of point-like masses. These solutions extend similar methods that have recently been applied to Einstein's equations, and provides sufficient initial conditions to perform numerical integration of the evolution equations. We use our new solutions to study the effects of inhomogeneity in cosmologies governed by scalar-tensor theories of gravity, including the spatial inhomogeneity allowed in Newton's constant. Finally, we compare our solutions to their general relativistic counterparts, and investigate the effect of changing the coupling constant between the scalar and tensor degrees of freedom.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
title: Statische und dynamische Acidität
Creators: name: Arndt, Fritz
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1956
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 54

description: Die durch die Säurekonstante in wäßriger Lösung definierte Acidität wird als "statische Acidität" bezeichnet. Für organische Verbindungen, namentlich tautomere Molekelarten, spielt die statische Acidität weniger Rolle als die "dynamische Acidität"; diese ist definiert durch die Geschwindigkeit der Protonabgabe an einen bestimmten Acceptor. Die dynamischen Aciditäten der Donoren YH und XH können verglichen werden durch Vergleich der Geschwindigkeitskonstanten ihrer irreversiblen Protonabgabe an den gleichen Acceptor wie Grignard-Reagenz oder Diazomethan. Die dynamische Acidität ist umgekehrt proportional der Energie des adiabatischen Protonentzuges (Briegleb) und daher ein Maß für die Protonbeweglichkeit (W. Hückel). Statische Acidität dagegen geht nicht parallel mit Protonbeweglichkeit, denn bei mesomeriefähigem Anion ist der Wegtritt des Protons nicht adiabatisch, sondern das freigesetzte Elektronenpaar löst eine elektromere Änderung aus, welche die Protonaffinität des Anions verkleinert und damit die Säurekonstante vergrößert (Gustafsson).
Wenn YH und XH tautomere "Formen" sind, so ist das "saure Verhalten" jeder Form gleichbedeutend mit ihrer dynamischen Acidität. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Behandlung der konstitutionellen Faktoren bei der tautomeren Umlagerung, und die Identifikation der tautomeren Formen mittels Diazomethan, auf den dynamischen Aciditäten beruhen. Die Ausdrücke "CH-Acidität", "NH-Acidität" usw. haben nur einen Sinn für dynamische Aciditäten; die statischen Aciditäten lassen sich nicht in dieser Weise lokalisieren.
description: Acidity as defined by the equilibrium constant of prototropic dissociation in aqueous solution is termed "static acidity". Acidity as defined by the rate of proton release towards a standard proton acceptor is termed "dynamic acidity". The dynamic acidities of donors YH and XH can be compared by comparing their rates of irreversible proton release against the same acceptor like Grignard reagent or diazomethane. Dynamic acidity is inversily proportional to the energy of adiabatic proton release (Briegleb) and therefore parallels proton mobility (W. Hückel), in contrast to static acidity which is increased by the resonance energy released in the anion through the removal of the proton.
When YH and XH are tautomeric "forms", the "acid behaviour" of each form means its dynamic acidity. It is shown how the factors which determine tautomeric rearrangement, and the identification of tautomeric forms by means of diazamethane, are based on the dynamic acidities. The terms "CH-acidity", "NH-acidity" etc., coined by the author and in fairly general use, are applicable only to dynamic acidities.
Winning combinations of history-dependent games
Creators: name: Kay, Roland J.
name: Johnson, Neil F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Parrondo effect describes the seemingly paradoxical situation in which two losing games can, when combined, become winning [Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 24 (2000)]. Here we generalize this analysis to the case where both games are history-dependent, i.e. there is an intrinsic memory in the dynamics of each game. New results are presented for the cases of both random and periodic switching between the two games.
description: (6 pages, 7 figures) Version 2: Major cosmetic changes and some minor corrections
Stipa keniensis Freitag
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Stipa
Stipa keniensis

description: Stipa keniensis (Pilg.) Freitag  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMDF, BZ; 1 900–2 900 m. Distribution: II.
 Voucher: Chogoria Track, Alt. 2 872 m, 27 Jan. 2015, SAJIT 002893 (HIB).
References: Fries & Fries (1926), Clayton (1970), Bussmann (1993, 1994, 2006), Bussmann & Beck (1995a, 1995b, 1998, 1999), Agnew (2013).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
General Methods for Digital Quantum Simulation of Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Lamm, Henry
name: Lawrence, Scott
name: Yamauchi, Yukari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general scheme is presented for simulating gauge theories, with matter fields, on a digital quantum computer. A Trotterized time-evolution operator that respects gauge symmetry is constructed, and a procedure for obtaining time-separated, gauge-invariant operators is detailed. We demonstrate the procedure on small lattices, including the simulation of a 2+1D non-Abelian gauge theory.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, v3 includes clarifying comments, additional data and additional references. Matched published version
โครงการศึกษาแนวทางพัฒนากฎหมายเพื่อรองรับการปฏิรูประบบงบประมาณ
Creators: name: สรรค์ ตันติจัตตานนท์
Publisher: name: Mae Fah Luang University
Year: 2019
Subjects: การคลัง
การจัดทำงบประมาณ
งบประมาณสองขา

description: MFU Connexion: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 8, 2, 1
title: Eine klufttektonische Studie an der NW-Ecke des Harzes
Creators: name: Hark, Hans
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1956
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 55

description: Durch eine fein- und klufttektonische Bearbeitung wurden die einander ähnlichen und mit ihren Breitseiten an die NW-Ecke des Harzes angelehnten Strukturen des Lutterer- und Rhüdener Gewölbes, sowie der nordwestliche Oberharz und der Westteil der nördlichen Harz-Aufrichtungszone untersucht.
Die im saxonischen Bauplan eine gewisse Sonderstellung einnehmenden Lutterer- und Rhüdener Strukturen sind breite, durch die Heraushebung des Harzes an ihn angeschweißte Aufbeulungen. Ursprünglich wohl unterschiedlich als Schmal- und Breitbeule über einer subsalinaren Störung bzw. einer hochliegenden Scholle angelegt, wurden sie durch die Harzhebung gemeinsam überprägt und konvergent geformt. Für die Nordharzstörung ergab sich tektogenetisch eine tangential wirkende Beanspruchung und damit eine Überschiebungstendenz der Harzscholle auf ihr nördliches Vorland.
description: Through an examination of minute tectonic fractures, the two similar structures of the Lutterer and Rhüdener archings, which have their broader sides leaning against the NW·corner of the Harz, just as the NW upper Harz, and the western part of the northern Harz uplifted zone, were examined.
The Lutterer and Rhüdener structures which take a special place in the Saxonian system are broad folds caused by the uplift of the Harz and are cemented on to it. Originally quite dissimilar, by virtue of the low and broad folds rising over a sub-Permian fault or a highlying block, were formed by the uplift of the Harz and both changed and thrown together. Tangential stress gave rise to the tectogenetic fault in the northern Harz and also resulted in a tendency for the Harz blocks to be thrown over its northern foreland.
On the Fourier-Laplace Transform of Functionals on a Weighted Space of Infinitely Differentiable Functions
Creators: name: Musin, I. Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E10; 42A38, 30D15

description: The strong dual space of linear continuous functionals on a weighted space G of infinitely differentiable functions defined on the real line is described in terms of their Fourier-Laplace transforms.
description: 27 pages, LaTeX 2e
Additional file 1 of High expression level and nuclear localization of Sam68 are associated with progression and poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Creators: name: Liao, Wen-Ting
name: Liu, Jun-Ling
name: Wang, Zheng-Gen
name: Cui, Yan-Mei
name: Shi, Ling
name: Li, Ting-Ting
name: Zhao, Xiao-Hui
name: Chen, Xiu-Ting
name: Ding, Yan-Qing
name: Song, Li-Bing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1: Clinicopathologic variables for patient cohort (n = 224). (DOC 45 KB)
title: Beiträge zum Problem der saaleeiszeitlichen Eisrandlagen in der Lüneburger Heide
Creators: name: Hövermann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1956
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 55

description: La Lüneburger Heide est située dans une zone de convergence entre des calottes diverses de l'inlandisSaale ou Riß. Dans la partie méridionale il-y-a des séries glaciaires bien dévelopées, dont les sandres se réunissent dans une terrasse à 20m au dessus de la vallée de l'Aller. Par conséquence les sandres et les moraines correspondentes sont du meme âge. La "Falkenberg-Staffel" du "Rehlburger Stadium" et le "Warthe-Stadium" de la Lüneburger Heide sont seulement les limites des lobes diverses d'une phase unique. Je propose pour cette phase de la glaciation R-S (Riss-Saale) le terme "Seeve-Stadium".
Themeda triandra Forssk.
Creators: name: Zhou, Ya-Dong
name: Mwachala, Geoffrey
name: Hu, Guang-Wan
name: Wang, Qing-Feng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Liliopsida
Poales
Poaceae
Themeda
Themeda triandra

description: Themeda triandra Forssk.  —
Habit: Herb.
Habitat: LMDF; up to 3 200 m. Distribution: I.
 Voucher: Mutamayu Farm on Burguret River, Alt. 1 950 m, 29 Dec. 1999, Robertson 7307 (EA).
References: Fries & Fries (1929), Young & Young (1983), Bussmann (1993, 1994).
description: Published as part of Zhou, Ya-Dong, Mwachala, Geoffrey, Hu, Guang-Wan & Wang, Qing-Feng, 2022, Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Mount Kenya, East Africa, pp. 1-108 in Phytotaxa 546 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.546.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6550464
Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation for Explaining Deep Neural Network Decisions in MRI-Based Alzheimer's Disease Classification
Creators: name: Böhle, Moritz
name: Eitel, Fabian
name: Weygandt, Martin
name: Ritter, Kerstin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Deep neural networks have led to state-of-the-art results in many medical imaging tasks including Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. However, the network decisions are often perceived as being highly non-transparent, making it difficult to apply these algorithms in clinical routine. In this study, we propose using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to visualize convolutional neural network decisions for AD based on MRI data. Similarly to other visualization methods, LRP produces a heatmap in the input space indicating the importance/relevance of each voxel contributing to the final classification outcome. In contrast to susceptibility maps produced by guided backpropagation ("Which change in voxels would change the outcome most?"), the LRP method is able to directly highlight positive contributions to the network classification in the input space. In particular, we show that (1) the LRP method is very specific for individuals ("Why does this person have AD?") with high inter-patient variability, (2) there is very little relevance for AD in healthy controls and (3) areas that exhibit a lot of relevance correlate well with what is known from literature. To quantify the latter, we compute size-corrected metrics of the summed relevance per brain area, e.g., relevance density or relevance gain. Although these metrics produce very individual "fingerprints" of relevance patterns for AD patients, a lot of importance is put on areas in the temporal lobe including the hippocampus. After discussing several limitations such as sensitivity toward the underlying model and computation parameters, we conclude that LRP might have a high potential to assist clinicians in explaining neural network decisions for diagnosing AD (and potentially other diseases) based on structural MRI data.
The role of aquatic ecological risk assessment to guide effluent management from mine waste
Creators: name: Lower, N.
name: Quach, M.
name: Marsland, R.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Mine waste can pose a risk to the natural environment, especially if on-site closure conditions change. At remote locations in particular, such sites can be viewed as an unknown risk by regulators, and mining companies are often asked to monitor or treat an unknown risk or to develop management options to reduce them. This paper presents a case study for a historic mine site in northwest British Columbia. Discharges from the mine portals and waste dumps are entering the river, which flows into southeast Alaska. Aquatic risk assessment was used to evaluate the potential for contamination of aquatic biota due to changes in water quality. To complete the risk assessment, scientists studied water quality upstream and downstream from mine site discharges and completed a detailed review of historic data. The team identified cadmium, copper, lead and zinc as the contaminants of potential concern and assessed the discharges’ impact on a variety of fish species including coho salmon, sockeye salmon, Chinook salmon and bull trout. Although significant levels of copper and zinc were found downstream from the mine, the drainage was assessed to pose a low risk to fish in the river. The potential risks to fish were measured using a hazard quotient (HQ): if this is greater than one, it can indicate unacceptable risks to fish and other aquatic life. The study concluded that, regardless of whether a water treatment plant were to be operating or not, the HQs were less than one for the majority of the year, including during critical time periods for fish migration and spawning. The study identifies data gaps on the ecology of the river, for example, the use of the river by fish during the winter and spring thaw; if needed, additional data collection could be targeted to supplement the aquatic risk assessment. This case study showcases an approach to evaluating ecological risk at remote locations and guiding focused data collection and management options. This demonstrates the need to implement treatment and management strategies that are appropriate to reduce off-site impacts.
Turbulence and Multiscaling in the Randomly Forced Navier Stokes Equation
Creators: name: Sain, Anirban
name: Manu
name: Pandit, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extensive pseudospectral study of the randomly forced Navier-Stokes equation (RFNSE) stirred by a stochastic force with zero mean and a variance $\sim k^{4-d-y}$, where $k$ is the wavevector and the dimension $d = 3$. We present the first evidence for multiscaling of velocity structure functions in this model for $y \geq 4$. We extract the multiscaling exponent ratios $ζ_p/ζ_2$ by using extended self similarity (ESS), examine their dependence on $y$, and show that, if $y = 4$, they are in agreement with those obtained for the deterministically forced Navier-Stokes equation ($3d$NSE). We also show that well-defined vortex filaments, which appear clearly in studies of the $3d$NSE, are absent in the RFNSE.
description: 4 pages (revtex), 6 figures (postscript)
title: Die Abweichungen von der Matthiessenschen Regel bei Blei im Temperaturbereich von 14°K bis 353°K
Creators: name: Krautz, Erich
name: Schultz, Hermann
Publisher: name: Vieweg
Year: 1956
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Abhandlungen der BWG
subject: 530

description: Es werden Meßergebnisse über die Abweichungen von der Matthiessenschen Regel bei Blei mit Zusätzen von Indium im Temperaturbereich von 14°K-353°K mitgeteilt. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Abweichungen läßt sich durch die Formeln der Zweibändertheorie wiedergeben.
description: The deviations from the Matthiessen rule are measured for lead within the temperature of 14°K-353°K when indium is added in different concentrations. The deviation can be described with the two-band theory of conductivity.