cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves from inflationary model with a non-canonical kinetic term
Creators: name: Yi, Zhu
name: Gao, Qing
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Zhu, Zong-hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the enhancement mechanism provided by a noncanonical kinetic term with a peak, the amplitude of primordial curvature perturbations can be enhanced by seven orders of magnitude at small scales while keeping to be consistent with observations at large scales. The peak function and inflationary potential are not restricted in this mechanism. We use the Higgs model and T-model as examples to show how abundant primordial black hole dark matter with different mass and scalar induced secondary gravitational waves with different peak frequency are generated. We also show that the enhanced power spectrum for the primordial curvature perturbations and the energy density of the scalar induced secondary gravitational waves can have either a sharp peak or a broad peak. The primordial black holes with the mass around $10^{-14}-10^{-12} M_{\odot}$ produced with the enhancement mechanism can make up almost all dark matter, and the scalar induced secondary gravitational waves accompanied with the production of primordial black holes can be tested by the pulsar timing arrays and spaced based gravitational wave observatory. Therefore, the mechanism can be tested by primordial black hole dark matter and gravitational wave observations.
description: 40 pages, 7figures, references added, typos corrected, published version
Personal, public, and professional identities : conflicts and congruences in medical school
Creators: name: Beagan, Brenda L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Most research on medical professional socialization was conducted when medical students were almost uniformly white, upper- to upper-middle class, young men. Today 50% of medical students in Canada are women, and significant numbers are members of racialized minority groups, come from working class backgrounds, identify as gay or lesbian, and/ or are older. This research examined the impact of such social diversity on processes of corriing to identify as a medical professional, drawing on a survey of medical students in one third-year class, interviews with 25 third-year students, and interviews with 23 medical school faculty members. Almost all of the traits and processes noted by classic studies of medical professional socialization were found to still apply in the late 1990s. Students learn to negotiate complex hierarchies; develop greater self-confidence, but lowered idealism; learn a new language, but lose some of their communication skills with patients. They begin playing a role that becomes more real as responses from others confirm their new identity. Students going through this training process achieve varying degrees of integration between their medical-student selves and the other parts of themselves. There is a strong impetus toward homogeneity in medical education. It emphasizes the production of neutral, undifferentiated physicians - physicians whose gender, 'race/ sexual orientation, and social class background do not make any difference. While there is some recognition that patients bring social baggage with them into doctor-patient encounters, there is very little recognition that doctors do too, and that this may affect the encounter. Instances of blatant racism, sexism, and homophobia are not common. Nonetheless, students describe an overall climate in the medical school in which some women, students from racialized minority groups, gays and lesbians, and students from working class backgrounds seem to 'fif less well. The subtlety of these micro-level experiences of gendering, racialization and so on allows them to co-exist with a prevalent individual and institutional denial that social differences make any difference. I critique this denial as (unintentionally) oppressive, rooted in a liberal individualist notion of equality that demands assimilation or suppression of difference.
The Upper Bound of the Second Higgs Boson Mass in Minimal Gauge Mediation with the Gravitino Warm Dark Matter
Creators: name: Choi, Gongjun
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
name: Yokozaki, Norimi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A keV-scale gravitino arsing from a minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (MSSM) is an interesting possibility since the small scale problems that $Λ$CDM model encounters in the modern cosmology could be alleviated with the keV-scale gravitino serving as the warm dark matter (WDM). Such a light gravitino asks for a low scale supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking for which the gauge mediation (GM) is required as a consistent SUSY-breaking mediation mechanism. In this paper, we show upperbounds of the masses of the second CP-even Higgs boson $H$ and the CP-odd Higgs boson $A$, assuming the keV-scale gravitino to be responsible for the current DM relic abundance: the upperbound on the mass of $H/A$ is found to be $\sim 4$ TeV for the gravitino mass of $\mathcal{O}(10$-$100)$ keV. Interestingly, the mass of $H/A$ can be as small as 2-3 TeV and the predicted $\tanβ$ is as large as 55-60 for the gravitino mass of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ keV. This will be tested in the near future Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments.
description: v2: refs added; version published in JHEP
Impact of the Sectoral Determination for Farm Workers on the South African Sugar Industry: Case Study of the KwaZulu-Natal North and South Coasts
Creators: name: Murray, Justin
name: Van Walbeek, Corne
name: Murray, Justin
name: Van Walbeek, Corne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Labor and Human Capital

description: A survey of 103 sugarcane farmers on the KwaZulu-Natal coast was conducted in order to analyse the impact of the Sectoral Determination for Farm Workers (2002) on South African agriculture. The sample was separated into a high wage paying North Coast and lower wage paying South Coast. Typically farmers were unable to distinguish between the impact of the Sectoral Determination and other labour laws. Results indicate that the impact of the legislation is similar in each region. No respondents reported mass retrenchment, but job shedding is disguised by not replacing workers (especially unskilled workers) that leave the farm. A sizeable number of growers (17 per cent on the South Coast and 44 per cent on the North Coast) have reduced the working week to 27 hours (or 36 hours in the Felixton Mill Group Area) enabling them to pay wages on an hourly, rather than a weekly basis. This strategy reduces the effective wage. About 40 per cent of growers have reduced the in-kind benefits to their workers. About half of respondents indicated that they are likely to increase their use of seasonal and contract labour in future. Although a majority of respondents indicated that they considered mechanisation of the harvesting process, cost and topographical factors currently does not make this a serious alternative to manual harvesting. However, because of increased wage costs and the relatively strong currency in recent years, chemical weed control has become an attractive alternative to manual weed control.
Single spin universal Boolean logic
Creators: name: Agarwal, H.
name: Pramanik, S.
name: Bandyopadhyay, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in manipulating single electron spins in quantum dots have brought us close to the realization of classical logic gates based on representing binary bits in spin polarizations of single electrons. Here, we show that a linear array of three quantum dots, each containing a single spin polarized electron, and with nearest neighbor exchange coupling, acts as the universal NAND gate. The energy dissipated during switching this gate is the Landauer-Shannon limit of kTln(1/p) [T = ambient temperature and p = intrinsic gate error probability]. With present day technology, p = 1E-9 is achievable above 1 K temperature. Even with this small intrinsic error probability, the energy dissipated during switching the NAND gate is only ~ 21 kT, while today's nanoscale transistors dissipate about 40,000 - 50,000 kT when they switch.
A Conceptual Analysis of Relational Contracts in Agribusiness Supply Chains: The Case of the Sugar Industry in Swaziland
Creators: name: Masuku, Micah B.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Owen, R.
name: Masuku, Micah B.
name: Kirsten, Johann F.
name: Owen, R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This study examines the nature of the relationship between cane growers and millers and how it affects cane growers' perceptions of the value added in the sugar supply chain. Drawing from relational exchange theory, the study utilised the perceptions of 124 smallholder cane growers in the Swaziland sugar industry. Factors measured in terms of a likert type scale were used to measure each relational construct within the miller-grower contract relationship. The unpacks the trust relationship between large agribusiness companies and smallholder out growers, and shows that relationships characterised by social factors like trust, commitment, and cooperation enhance mutual benefit and quality relationships between parties. This study found that farmers perceive an element of opportunistic behaviour and a lack of cooperation by millers and therefore have limited trust in the millers. Consequently it was also found that satisfaction by cane growers on their relationship with millers has a positive relationship with their level of trust, level of commitment, relative dependence, perception of opportunistic behaviour by millers and perceived cooperation between themselves and the millers. The results point to a number of aspects both growers and millers need to attend to which could contribute to improved relationship and in turn efficiency and returns in the sugar industry in Swaziland.
Chaos and frequent hypercyclicity for composition operators
Creators: name: Darji, Udayan B.
name: Pires, Benito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The notions of chaos and frequent hypercyclicity enjoy an intimate relationship in linear dynamics. Indeed, after a series of partial results, it was shown by Bayart and Rusza in 2015 that for backward weighted shifts on $\ell_p(\mathbb{Z})$, the notions chaos and frequent hypercyclicity coincide. It is with some effort that one shows that these two notions are distinct. Bayart and Grivaux in 2007 constructed a non-chaotic frequently hypercyclic weighted shift on $c_0$. It was only in 2017 that Menet settled negatively whether every chaotic operator is frequently hypercylic. In this article, we show that for a large class of composition operators on $L^p$-spaces the notions of chaos and frequent hypercyclicity coincide. Moreover, in this particular class an invertible operator is frequently hypercyclic if and only if its inverse is frequently hypercyclic. This is in contrast to a very recent result of Menet where an invertible frequently hypercyclic operator on $\ell_1$ whose inverse is not frequently hypercyclic is constructed.
description: 16 pages
Supplemental Data for Chidester et al. (2021) The principal Hugoniot of iron-bearing olivine to 1465 GPa
Creators: name: Chidester, Bethany A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: This is the supplemental information used in the paper The principal Hugoniot of iron-bearing olivine to 1465 GPa by Chidester et al. GRL (2021).
Time and Frequency description of Optical Pulses
Creators: name: Praxmeyer, Ludmila
name: Wodkiewicz, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between the time-dependent physical spectrum of light and the phase space overlap of Wigner functions is investigated for optical pulses. Time and frequency properties of optical pulses with chirp are analyzed using the phase space Wigner and Ambiguity distribution functions. It is shown that optical pulses can exhibit interesting phenomena, very much reminiscent of quantum mechanical interference, quantum entanglement of wave packets, and quantum sub-Planck structures of the time and frequency phase space.
description: To appear in the Special Issue of Laser Physics (Vol. 15, No. 10). Minor changes
Constraints on the epoch of dark matter formation from Milky Way satellites
Creators: name: Das, Subinoy
name: Nadler, Ethan O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A small fraction of thermalized dark radiation that transitions into cold dark matter (CDM) between big bang nucleosynthesis and matter-radiation equality can account for the entire dark matter relic density. Because of its transition from dark radiation, "late-forming dark matter" (LFDM) suppresses the growth of linear matter perturbations and imprints the oscillatory signatures of dark radiation perturbations on small scales. The cutoff scale in the linear matter power spectrum is set by the redshift $z_T$ of the phase transition; tracers of small-scale structure can therefore be used to infer the LFDM formation epoch. Here, we use a forward model of the Milky Way (MW) satellite galaxy population to address the question: How late can dark matter form? For dark radiation with strong self-interactions, which arises in theories of neutrinolike LFDM, we report $z_{T}>5.5\times 10^6$ at $95\%$ confidence based on the abundance of known MW satellite galaxies. This limit rigorously accounts for observational incompleteness corrections, marginalizes over uncertainties in the connection between dwarf galaxies and dark matter halos, and improves upon galaxy clustering and Lyman-$α$ forest constraints by nearly an order of magnitude. We show that this limit can also be interpreted as a lower bound on $z_T$ for LFDM that free-streams prior to its phase transition, although dedicated simulations will be needed to analyze this case in detail. Thus, dark matter created by a transition from dark radiation must form no later than one week after the big bang.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Updated to published version
Direct-use Values of Non-Timber Forest Products from Two Areas on the Transkei Wild Coast
Creators: name: Shackleton, C.M.
name: Timmermans, H.G.
name: Nongwe, N.
name: Hamer, N.
name: Palmer, N.
name: Palmer, R.
name: Shackleton, C.M.
name: Timmermans, H.G.
name: Nongwe, N.
name: Hamer, N.
name: Palmer, N.
name: Palmer, R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: It is now widely appreciated internationally that rural communities make extensive use of wild resources, and that this use has significant direct use value. The number of case studies in South Africa that have valued the use of such resources are small, albeit growing. Yet none of them have been from coastal sites, which would include use of marine resources, nor have previous studies included the non-biological resources of sand and clay for building purposes. This paper addresses this gap, through examination of the role and value of wild resources in rural livelihoods of households in the Ntubeni and Cwebe areas of the Transkei Wild Coast in the Eastern Cape. Households used a wide range of resources collected from the surrounding communal lands and the Dwesa Cwebe Nature Reserve. Major differences between the sites were the widespread use of bushmeat, shellfish and building sand at Ntubeni compared with relatively small use of these three resources at Cwebe. These differences resulted in a markedly higher, gross, annual, direct-use value at Ntubeni than at Cwebe. The gross, annual, direct-use value averaged across all resources (excluding medicinal plants) and all households (user and non-users) was over R12 000 at Ntubeni, compared to R4 858 at Cwebe. At Ntubeni over half of the total annual direct-use value was contributed by fish and shellfish, indicating the need for more studies in coastal areas. A similar pattern was not evident at Cwebe, because residents did not have access to a rocky shoreline outside of the marine reserve. Local trade was highly variable, both between resources and between households. Averaging the value of trade across all households (i.e. traders and non-traders), gave a total gross, annual value of R1 660 and R600 at Ntubeni and Cwebe, respectively.
N-body simulations of the Magellanic Stream
Creators: name: Connors, Tim W.
name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Gibson, Brad K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A suite of high-resolution N-body simulations of the Magellanic Clouds -- Milky Way system are presented and compared directly with newly available data from the HI Parkes All-Sky Survey (HIPASS). We show that the interaction between Small and Large Magellanic Clouds results in both a spatial and kinematical bifurcation of both the Stream and the Leading Arm. The spatial bifurcation of the Stream is readily apparent in the HIPASS data, and the kinematical bifurcation is also tentatively identified. This bifurcation provides strong support for the tidal disruption origin for the Magellanic Stream. A fiducial model for the Magellanic Clouds is presented upon completion of an extensive parameter survey of the potential orbital configurations of the Magellanic Clouds and the viable initial boundary conditions for the disc of the Small Magellanic Cloud. The impact of the choice of these critical parameters upon the final configurations of the Stream and Leading Arm is detailed.
description: Accepted by MNRAS, 07 Jun 2006. 14 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables. LaTeX (mn2e.sty). File with decent resolution images (strongly recommended) available at http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/~tconnors/publications/ . References added; distance and HI-LOres difference figures added; clearer figures; discussion added to, but conclusions unchanged
title: Predictive Modeling in Cancer Cell Separation
title: A Machine Learning Approach in DLD Devices
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Sarowar, Md Tanbir
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cancer Cell Separation
Deterministic Lateral Displacement
Regression Models
Machine Learning

description: Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) devices serve as a powerful tool in the field of microfluidics, enabling label-free, size-based separation of particles and cells.
description: These devices offer significant potential for cancer diagnostics, specifically in isolating circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples to facilitate early detection and
description: improve patient outcomes. Due to the challenge of identifying rare CTCs among the vastly larger population of blood cells, DLD technology optimizes separation through carefully designed geometric configurations, focusing on parameters such as row shift fraction, post size, and gap distance to effectively differentiate cancer cells based on their unique physical properties. This thesis explores how fine-tuning these parameters in DLD devices can lead to more precise and reliable isolation of lung cancer cells, supporting advancements in early cancer diagnostics.
description: In addition to DLD design optimization, this study integrates machine learning models to enhance the process of parameter selection, reducing the reliance on exhaustive simulations and physical prototyping. A large dataset, generated through validated numerical models, underpins the training of various machine learning algorithms, including gradient boosting, k-nearest neighbors (kNN), random forest, and MLP regressor, each tailored to predict particle trajectories and improve separation efficiency. These models are not only instrumental in accurately predicting cell migration patterns within the DLD devices but also serve to identify optimal device configurations rapidly, thus enabling high-throughput and cost-effective cancer cell separation.
description: The application of machine learning in this research extends beyond trajectory prediction; it systematically isolates crucial design parameters essential for advancing DLD technology in cancer research. By analyzing migration characteristics and predicting separation outcomes based on model input, the thesis provides a frame-work for automated DLD device design, offering a streamlined approach for efficient, scalable, and precise cancer cell separation. Ultimately, this predictive modeling approach, combining the strengths of machine learning and microfluidics, is poised to support early cancer detection, thereby contributing to more accessible and targeted therapeutic strategies in precision medicine.
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon: status of Lattice QCD calculations
Creators: name: Gérardin, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon has triggered a lot of activity in the lattice QCD community because a persistent tension of about $3.5~σ$ is observed between the phenomenological estimate and the Brookhaven measurement. The current best phenomenological estimate has an uncertainty comparable to the experimental one and the error is completely dominated by hadronic effects: the leading order hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution and the hadronic light-by-light (HLbL) scattering contribution. Both are accessible via lattice simulations and a reduction of the error by a factor 4 is required in view of the forthcoming experiments at Fermilab and J-PARC whose results, expected in the next few years, should reduce the experimental precision down to the level of $0.14~$ppm. In this article, I review the status of lattice calculations of those quantities, starting with the HVP. This contribution has now reached sub-percent precision and requires a careful understanding of all sources of systematic errors. The HLbL contribution, that is much smaller, still contributes significantly to the error. This contribution is more challenging to compute, but rapid progress has been made on the lattice in the last few years.
description: Contribution to the EPJA special issue "Lattice Field Theory during the COVID-19 pandemic" in replacement of a plenary talk at the 38th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (Lattice 2020). v2: minor corrections to match the published version. Some references have been added
Neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis of A>64 nuclei: The nu p-process
Creators: name: Fröhlich, C.
name: Martínez-Pinedo, G.
name: Liebendörfer, M.
name: Thielemann, F. -K.
name: Bravo, E.
name: Hix, W. R.
name: Langanke, K.
name: Zinner, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new nucleosynthesis process, that we denote nu p-process, which occurs in supernovae (and possibly gamma-ray bursts) when strong neutrino fluxes create proton-rich ejecta. In this process, antineutrino absorptions in the proton-rich environment produce neutrons that are immediately captured by neutron-deficient nuclei. This allows for the nucleosynthesis of nuclei with mass numbers A >64. Making this process a possible candidate to explain the origin of the solar abundances of 92,94Mo and 96,98Ru. This process also offers a natural explanation for the large abundance of Sr seen in an hyper-metal-poor star.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
ECONOMICS OF LARGE-SCALE MILK PRODUCTION IN NORWAY AND OTHER COUNTRIES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON COW POOLS
Creators: name: Elstrand, Eivind
name: Elstrand, Eivind
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1963
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Agriculture is a period of specialization and commercialization. This is also happening to milk production. Until now most of the production has been carried out on family farms. Many farmers realize that it may be difficult for them to compete in the future with larger scale dairy farms. Furthermore, many farmers who take care of the cows themselves want to be released from this work. These and other factors have led to the idea of dairy cow pools. This is an arrangement where several owners of dairy cows enter into a contract with the management of a central housing, feeding, and milking unit designed to handle large numbers of cows. Development of cow pools may have great impact on the economy of the individual farm. It is the purpose of this research paper to throw some light on this question, and to determine under which circumstances membership in a milk pool will be to the benefit of the individual farmer.
PUBLIC INVESTMENT ANALYSIS AND ITS RELEVANCE TO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING IN THE LDC'S
Creators: name: Johnson, Joseph S.
name: Johnson, Joseph S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: International Development
Public Economics

description: Over the past two decades public investment analysis has increased considerably, both in theory and practice. This can be observed from the vast amount of literature which is now available in this field compared to the interwar period, and the use being made of benefit cost analysis and other related investment analysis in decision making for the allocation of public resources. Public investment analysis in the form of benefit cost analysis was first explored by a Frenchman, Jules Dupuit, towards the middle of the 19th century. The first systematic attempt to apply benefit cost analysis to public economic decisions seemed to have occurred in the United States, however. This occurred in the field of water resource development.
An introduction to torsion subcomplex reduction
Creators: name: Rahm, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This survey paper introduces to a technique called Torsion Subcomplex Reduction (TSR) for computing torsion in the cohomology of discrete groups acting on suitable cell complexes. TSR enables one to skip machine computations on cell complexes, and to access directly the reduced torsion subcomplexes, which yields results on the cohomology of matrix groups in terms of formulas. TSR has already yielded general formulas for the cohomology of the tetrahedral Coxeter groups as well as, at odd torsion, of SL2 groups over arbitrary number rings. The latter formulas have allowed to refine the Quillen conjecture. Furthermore, progress has been made to adapt TSR to Bredon homology computations. In particular for the Bianchi groups, yielding their equivariant K-homology, and, by the Baum-Connes assembly map, the K-theory of their reduced C *-algebras. As a side application, TSR has allowed to provide dimension formulas for the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology of the complexified Bianchi orbifolds, and to prove Ruan's crepant resolution conjecture for all complexified Bianchi orbifolds.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1112.4262
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON AGRICULTURAL MARKETING PROBLEMS IN VENEZUELA
Creators: name: Brea, Luis E.
name: Brea, Luis E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The role of the agricultural sector in the process of economic development has been a controversial issue in the postwar development literature, as well as in the policy field. In recent years there seems to be greater acceptance of more balanced approaches to development which recognize the inter-relations of the various factors, such as agriculture and industry. The argument for balanced growth strategies stresses the mutual interdependence of the agricultural and industrial sectors. Increases in agricultural output frequently require the widespread adoption of modern technologies. This involves the purchase and use of industrial products, such as fertilizers, pesticides, tools, and machines. Unless these industrial products are available at reasonable prices in the rural trading centers, farmers will be unable to modernize their operations. On the other hand, industrial employment in urban centers is necessary to generate the consumer income needed to purchase increased agricultural output. Thus the problem in this present study is to assess the role of agricultural marketing not only in terms of the problems encountered but also in terms of its contributions to the development of the agricultural sector in the Venezuelan economy.
How to build a traditional house
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .mov video file, one .wav audio file, and one .eaf ELAN transcription file for an interview describing how to build a traditional Nukuoro house.
CLASSIFICATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT FACTORS AND CRITICAL PATH SCHEDULING IN PLANNING BEEF PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Hile, Thomas A.
name: Hile, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The purpose of the paper is to examine the possibilities for using systems analysis concepts in planning and analyzing various sizes and types of beef production units. There are a number of aspects to be considered in applying systems concepts to beef production systems, and this paper will discuss some of them. The basis reason for using this approach is to provide farm management with a method for improving a beef production operation where uncertain conditions exist that create problems for the farm manager. By using systems analysis planning models in a beef production operation, the farm manager may be able to pinpoint problem areas and eliminate or minimize their efforts and decrease the level of uncertainty within certain areas of operation.
Dynamics of Bulk vs. Nanoscale WS_2: Local Strain and Charging Effects
Creators: name: Luttrell, R. D.
name: Brown, S.
name: Cao, J.
name: Musfeldt, J. L.
name: Rosentsveig, R.
name: Tenne, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measured the infrared vibrational properties of bulk and nanoparticle WS$_2$ in order to investigate the structure-property relations in these novel materials. In addition to the symmetry-breaking effects of local strain, nanoparticle curvature modifies the local charging environment of the bulk material. Performing a charge analysis on the \emph{xy}-polarized E$_{1u}$ vibrational mode, we find an approximate 1.5:1 intralayer charge difference between the layered 2H material and inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles. This effective charge difference may impact the solid-state lubrication properties of nanoscale metal dichalcogenides.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Nucleosynthesis in magneto-rotational supernovae
Creators: name: Reichert, Moritz
name: Obergaulinger, Martin
name: Eichler, Marius
name: Aloy, Miguel-Ángel
name: Arcones, Almudena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the nucleosynthesis of magneto-rotational supernovae (MR-SNe) including neutrino-driven and magneto-rotational-driven ejecta based, for the first time, on 2D simulations with accurate neutrino transport. The models analysed here have different rotation and magnetic fields, allowing us to explore the impact of these two key ingredients. The accurate neutrino transport of the simulations is critical to analyse the slightly neutron-rich and proton-rich ejecta that are similar to the, also neutrino-driven, ejecta in standard supernovae. In the model with strong magnetic field, the r-process produces heavy elements up to the third r-process peak ($A\sim 195$), in agreement with previous works. This model presents a jet-like explosion with proton-rich jets surrounded by neutron-rich material where the r-process occurs. We have estimated a lower limit for $^{56}$Ni of $2.5\times10^{-2} M_\odot$, which is still well below the expected hypernova value. Longer simulations including the accretion disc evolution are required to get a final prediction. In addition, we have found that the late evolution is critical in a model with weak magnetic field in which late-ejected neutron-rich matter produces elements up to the second r-process peak. Even if we cannot yet provide conclusions for hypernova nucleosynthesis, our results agree with observations of old stars and radioactive isotopes in supernova remnants. This makes MR-SNe a good additional scenario to neutron star mergers for the synthesis of heavy elements and brings us closer to understand their origin and the role of MR-SNe in the early Galaxy nucleosynthesis.
TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS AND CONSTRAINTS TO IMPROVED FOOD SECURITY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN MAIZE AND SORGHUM IN THE SORGHUM-BASED CULTIVATON SYSTEM OF NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE, ZAMBIA
Creators: name: Chuzu, Pia Nwanza
name: Chuzu, Pia Nwanza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Security and Poverty

description: Zambia, Some County Statistics: Zambia is a landlocked country in the Southern African region. With an area of 74,072,000 hectares (ha) and a population estimated at 7 million, it has one of the lowest person/land ratios in Africa. Its annual population growth rate is high, however, estimated at 3.5 percent (World Development Report, 1988). Zambia's economy is highly dependent on copper earnings. Mineral exports formed 96 percent of total exports in 1986. With generally declining copper prices since 1974 and a rising import bill, Zambia's economy has been severely strained. Fuel imports formed 43 percent of the total imports in 1985, rising from only 10 percent in 1965. The economy: Despite its efforts to diversify the economy from a mining base to agriculture, Zambia today remains a net importer of food. Cereal imports rose from 93,000 metric tonnes (mt) in 1974 to 247,000 mt in 1985. In addition food aid increased from 5,000 mt to 112,000 mt during the same period (World Development Report; 1987, 1988). Between 1970 and 1984, the cost of importing food continued to rise.
Using Channel State Information for Physical Tamper Attack Detection in OFDM Systems: A Deep Learning Approach
Creators: name: Dehmollaian, Eshagh
name: Etzlinger, Bernhard
name: Torres, Núria Ballber
name: Springer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This letter proposes a deep learning approach to detect a change in the antenna orientation of transmitter or receiver as a physical tamper attack in OFDM systems using channel state information. We treat the physical tamper attack problem as a semi-supervised anomaly detection problem and utilize a deep convolutional autoencoder (DCAE) to tackle it. The past observations of the estimated channel state information (CSI) are used to train the DCAE. Then, a post-processing is deployed on the trained DCAE output to perform the physical tamper detection. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach, deployed in an office and a hall environment, is able to detect on average 99.6% of tamper events (TPR = 99.6%) while creating zero false alarms (FPR = 0%).
description: 5 pages, 7 figures
STRATEGIC POSITIONING OF THE MICHIGAN VEGETABLE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Manojkumar, Meera
name: Manojkumar, Meera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The Michigan vegetable industry has witnessed several challenges in the past few years. The future of the industry remains uncertain too. This strategic positioning study aims as identifying the strategic issues faced by the industry and developing strategies to face the uncertain future. Strategic Analysis and Scenario Analysis are the two techniques that have been used in this study. Through Strategic Analysis, the inability to offer year round supply, the need for differentiation and increasing regulations have been identified as the critical strategic issues that need to be addressed to ensure a successful future for the industry. The nature of increasing regulatory pressure, global sourcing and supply activities, urban sprawl, changing consumer trends, changes in the world economy, retailer consolidation and technological changes were identifies as the seven fundamental uncertainties likely to impact the Michigan vegetable industry. Three possible future scenarios--survival of the few, no surprises, and renewal and growth--were developed, based on the plausible combinations of these uncertain forces. Competitive strategies have been recommended for dealing with uncertainty and for addressing the critical strategic issues. Some of the strategies that have been recommended are: (1) formation of strategic alliances with domestic/global suppliers from other vegetable producing regions to enable the industry to provide an array of products throughout the year, (2) adoption of effective farm strategies, such as, HACCP, in day-to-day operations to facilitate the industry's ability to meet varying private standards, and (3) industry coordinated marketing efforts to promote products.
Reduced-Order Models for Coupled Dynamical Systems: Data-driven Methods and the Koopman Operator
Creators: name: Gutiérrez, Manuel Santos
name: Lucarini, Valerio
name: Chekroun, Mickaël D.
name: Ghil, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Providing efficient and accurate parametrizations for model reduction is a key goal in many areas of science and technology. Here we present a strong link between data-driven and theoretical approaches to achieving this goal. Formal perturbation expansions of the Koopman operator allow us to derive general stochastic parametrizations of weakly coupled dynamical systems. Such parametrizations yield a set of stochastic integro-differential equations with explicit noise and memory kernel formulas to describe the effects of unresolved variables. We show that the perturbation expansions involved need not be truncated when the coupling is additive. The unwieldy integro-differential equations can be recast as a simpler multilevel Markovian model, and we establish an intuitive connection with a generalized Langevin equation. This connection helps setting up a parallelism between the top-down, equations-based methodology herein and the well-established empirical model reduction (EMR) methodology that has been shown to provide efficient dynamical closures to partially observed systems. Hence, our findings support, on the one hand, the physical basis and robustness of the EMR methodology and, on the other hand, illustrate the practical relevance of the perturbative expansion used for deriving the parametrizations.
SMALL FARMS IN MICHIGAN: A PROPOSAL FOR RESEARCH
Creators: name: Chapman, James
name: Chapman, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The operators of small farms play an important role in determining Michigan's agricultural production. Approximately one third of the state's gross farm sales originate from small farms. Yet small farms are relatively less efficient and less productive than commercial farms. Crop yields are lower and a smaller percentage of cropland results in harvested crops. If greater land productivity and larger agricultural output are desirable from Michigan farms, they could come from small farms provided that physical production inputs are available to the operators in sufficient quantities at reasonable prices, and that small farmers can learn and use good managerial techniques in order to achieve greater productivity.
CONSIDERATIONS IN THE INTRODUCTION OF CROP INSURANCE TO RICE SECTOR IN KOREA
Creators: name: Lee, Kwan Yong
name: Lee, Kwan Yong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Agricultural production depends much on uncontrollable weather conditions, which often threatens farmers' livelihoods. Weather risks are especially important for farmers in developing countries where they are still cultivating with conventional methods and less well developed irrigation and drainage systems and equipment. Moreover, seasonality and cyclicality hinder growth of agricultural sectors and make farm households' incomes unstable. Two measures for dealing with such problems in the agricultural sector include 1) Governmental price intervention and the expansion of farming bases, and 2) the establishment of governmentally run agricultural disaster insurance. As stated later, even though government plays a major role in an agricultural insurance program in most developing countries through the subsidization of premiums for insurance, there is still little difference in the basic principles of insurance between developed and undeveloped countries. Generally speaking, conditions for farming in Korea are never very good. Due to monsoons and continental climate Korea often is in the range of typhoons with heavy rains during summertime but with very dry weather in the springtime, which adversely affects paddy-crop farming. A crop insurance program for the purpose of stabilizing farm income fluctuation is discussed, along with the obstacles, in chapter VII. These obstacles have repeatedly blocked the idea of introducing crop insurance programs for the agricultural sector. This paper is the result of my strong desire to establish agricultural insurance programs in the rural area of Korea to help farmers enjoy more stable lives and contribute to agricultural production. Even though agriculture is decreasing in Korea as a proportion of the national economy, about ten million people still depend on the success of agriculture. Korean agriculture is still producing more then fifteen percent of the national GNP. I will specialize on crop insurance for rice which is Korea's major crop and probably the leading candidate for the introduction of crop insurance programs into Korean agriculture.
Cascade of replica bands in flat band systems: predictions for twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Schrodi, Fabian
name: Aperis, Alex
name: Oppeneer, Peter M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of electron-phonon interactions (EPI) in systems exhibiting one or more flat electron bands close to the Fermi level and a comparatively large phonon energy scale. After solving the self-consistent full-bandwidth Eliashberg equations, we compute Angular Resolved Photo Emission Spectroscopy and Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy/Microscopy spectra. We obtain a sequence of quasiparticle replica bands in both the normal and superconducting states that originate from frequency dependent features of the electron mass renormalization function. We show that these replica bands can be used to extract the relevant phonon energy scale from experiments. Focusing in particular on twisted bilayer graphene, we predict replica-band formation which, when observed, will shed light on the role of EPI in this archetypal flat-band system.
HISTORY, ORGANIZATION AND STRATEGIES FOR GRAIN PRODUCERS AND THE GRAIN INDUSTRY IN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Thrush, Alan J.
name: Thrush, Alan J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: The grain system (grain producers and the grain industry) in Michigan finds itself in a transition period. Production (yield) and price limitations along with escalating cost factors have left producers in a situation where, without government assistance, many more would have to exit the farm. The grain industry (in this study, the industry refers to the grain handlers and processors), while in a stronger financial situation than producers, would suffer negatively if volume of grains bought and sold through their facilities decreased, and more in the industry would have to exit. A transition is needed to increase profitability of grain producers and the grain handlers and processors in Michigan. Without a transition, the trend of decreasing farms and acres will continue, to the detriment of the Michigan grain system. But how does the system make a transition, and what kind of transition is needed? This study strives to find the strategies, through understanding the history and organization of the system, that will provide direction. This study uses two analytical approaches to understand the grain system from the producer level and the industry level. By comparing the Industrial Organization approach and the Strategic Management approach, a clearer understanding of the problems should be ascertained. That understanding, with a background of the history of the grain system development in Michigan allows a thorough discussion of the possible solutions that can help both producers and grain handlers and processors be more profitable and continue to be an important economic factor in the state. The findings of the study indicate that there are several partial solutions to the problems, depending on the region of the state, the attitude of producers and companies within the industry, and the markets themselves. The situation can be improved by differentiating, coordinating, cooperating and adjusting processes in those areas that can successfully be addressed and changed by individual producers and each firm. Further research could overcome constraints of this study to find alternative and successful adaptations for the system.
Did Growth and Reforms Increase Citizens’ Support for the Transition?
Creators: name: Golinelli, Roberto
name: Rovelli, Riccardo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: How did post-communist transformations affect people’s perceptions of their
economic and political systems? We model a pseudo-panel with 89 country-year
clusters, based on 13 countries observed between 1991 and 2004, to identify the
macro and institutional drivers of the public opinion. Our main findings are: (i) When
the economy is growing, on average people appreciate more extensive reforms;
they dislike unbalanced reforms. (ii) Worsening of income distribution and higher
inflation interact with an increasing share of the private sector in aggravating
nostalgia for the past regime. (iii) Cross-country differences in the attitudes towards
the present and future (both in the economic and political dimensions) are largely
explained by differences in the institutional indicators for the rule of law and
corruption. (iv) Cross-country differences in the extent of nostalgia towards the past
are mainly related to differences in the deterioration of standards of living.