Syneches angulatus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches angulatus

description: Syneches angulatus sp.nov.
(Figs 10–16, 104, 118)
Diagnosis. Small, dark brown to black. Antenna with rounded postpedicel, small, less than length of scape and pedicel combined; scutum high and pyramidal. Wing hyaline, pterostigma divided into two brown quadrangular spots, located at end of R1 and at apex of cell r1; vein R2+3 with apex strongly curved upward forming a right angle with Costa.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 2.8 mm. Wing: 2.2 mm. Head. Eyes with lower facets larger around buccal opening. Ocellar triangle protuberant, without pruinescence. Face dark brown, with gray pruinescence. Antenna dark brown with dense reddish brown setulae; pedicel with long marginal setae, longer than half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel rounded, small, less than length of scape and pedicel combined, with 1 dorsal median seta, equal in length to postpedicel; stylus about four times longer than antenna, bare on distal half. Proboscis pale brown, darker basally; palpus dark brown, small, about 1/4 length of proboscis, with short and golden setulae, 1 apical and 1 medial long ventral seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown to black with moderately long, brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum higher than height of mesopleuron, pyramidal; dark brown to black with dense and reddish brown pruinescence; yellowish-gray pruinescence forming dorsocentral stripe, one intra-alar spot and covering prescutellar disk and central portion of scutellum; setae brown, short, sparse, longer on prescutellar disc, 4 series of acrostichals and 1 series of dorsocentral setae; scutellum dark brown to black. Pleura dark brown with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and stout dc, 2–3 slender acr, about 2/3 length of dc, on prescutellar disc; 2 npl, posterior stouter and twice length of anterior; 1 long and stout pal; scutellum with 1 long subapical pair, stout and convergent, crossing at apex, 1 slender apical pair about half-length of subapical pair, convergent, crossing at apex, plus 2 slender lateral setae slightly longer than apical pair. Legs. Slender, fore and mid femora slightly dilated; hind tibia clavate. Coxae, trochanter and femora dark brown; fore and mid tibiae dark brown with dark yellow apices; hind tibia pale brown with large and dark brown ring medially; tarsomeres pale brown except tarsomere 5 brown and hind tarsomere 1 with dark brown ring medially. Fore tibia with AD and PV rows of long setae, 1 preapical PV longer than others. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 basal, long PV seta; setae on surfaces of A, AV and V slightly stouter. Mid tibia with 1 AD before middle; 1 apical PV, equal in length to tarsomere 1 and 1 AV and 1 V apical seta. Hind femur with AV row of long setae, one longer and strong beyond middle. Hind tibia with 1 AD seta before middle and 1 preapical AD; 1 apical A; 1 PD and 1 apical AV. Wing (Fig. 104). Hyaline; pterostigma divided into two brown quadrangular spots, located at end of R1 and at apex of cell r1; R2+3 with apex strongly curved upwards to Costa forming right angle. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Dark brown to black with brown and dense pruinescence. Setae dark brown and sparse, short dorsally and long ventrally. Tergite 8 short, 2.5 times wider than long (Fig. 13); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with short setae (Fig. 14). Terminalia (Figs 10–12): stout; hypandrium narrowed at apex with truncate distal margin, two distal long and strong setae equal in length to visible portion of phallus, inserted on tubercles and widely separated; epandrial lamella wide in lateral view, with rounded posterodorsal lobe; phallus robust with rounded apex; postgonite wide, as long as phallus. Female. As in male, except fore and mid tibia lighter in color. Terminalia (Figs 15, 16): short; tergite 8 rectangular, sternite 8 slightly longer than tergite 8, gradually narrowed towards base at basal half, with strong and moderately long apical setae; cercus long and robust, 4/5 length of tergite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, Res[erva Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise 3 / 11-22.iv.2004, Henriques, A. Leg / Holótipo, Syneches angulatus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha [red label]. Specimen in good condition. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Amazonas, P[arque] N[acional] do Jaú, Rio Jaú, Carabinani, 27.iv.–3.v.1995, Arm[adilha] Malaise, J.A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA), idem, Tambor, 20–30.vi.1995, L.M.P. Henriques, J.A. Rafael & J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Rio Unini, Democracia, 01º43′54″S, 61º54′32″W, 20–24.vi.1996, Varredura, A.L. Henriques, J. Vidal & F.L. Oliveira (1 ♀, INPA); Manaus, Res[erva] Km 41, PDBFF, 12–13.v.2004, Sub-bosque, R. Querino (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 23–24.vi.2004 (2 ♀, INPA); idem, 30.iii.2004 – 1.iv.2005, Trilha JB-SB (1 ♀, INPA); AM-010, Km 54, BI-2, 02º45′33″ 59º51′03″W, Suspensa Mata Baixa, 3–12.iii.1998, J. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); Res[erva Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, AM-010, Km 24, Arm[adilha], 28.xi.– 6.xii.1996, A.L. Henriques, R.L.M. Ferreira & J.F. Vidal (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Igarapé Tinga, Armadilha Malaise, 6– 16.xii.2004, A. Henriques (1 ♂, INPA); idem, 12–22.vii.2004 (1 ♂, INPA); idem, iii.2004 (2 ♀, INPA); idem, Armadilha Malaise 3, 5–16.viii.2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 3, 12–22.vii.2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, 13–23.ix.2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Igarapé Barro Branco, Armadilha Malaise, 11–21.x.2004 (1 ♂, INPA); idem Malaise 3, 13–23.ix.2004 (1 ♀, INPA); idem, Armadilha Malaise 2, 13–23.ix.2004 (2 ♀, INPA).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Amazonas) (Fig. 118).
Comments. This species is similar to S. annulipes Bezzi, S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov., S. obeliscus, S. pyramidatus and S. vidali in the small size (2–3.5 mm), scutum high and pyramidal, dark brown color and slender legs with fore femur slightly dilated on basal half; and is also similar to S. annulipes, S. bilobatus sp. nov., S. maculosum sp. nov. and S. vidali in shape of epandrial lamella, phallus and apex of hypandrium. It differs from these species by the wing with pterostigma divided into two brown spots and vein R2+3 with apex strongly curved upwards forming a right angle with C. In S. vidali and S. maculosum sp. nov., the pterostigma is also divided into two spots, but the spot at the end of the vein R2+3 is large, diffuse, and reaches part of cell r2+3 and R2+3 is gradually curved upwards. The female terminalia contributes to the distinction between these species, especially in the shape of tergite and sternite 8 and sternite 10, which are short, almost square.
Etymology. From the Latin, angulatus = angular, in reference to the apex of vein R2+3 strongly curved upwards, forming a right angle with C.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 406-408, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788