cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The low rate of Galactic pevatrons
Creators: name: Cristofari, P.
name: Blasi, P.
name: Amato, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although supernova remnants remain the main suspects as sources of Galactic cosmic rays up to the knee, the supernova paradigm still has many loose ends. The weakest point in this construction is the possibility that individual supernova remnants can accelerate particles to the rigidity of the knee, $\sim 10^{6}$ GV. This scenario heavily relies upon the possibility to excite current driven non-resonant hybrid modes while the shock is still at the beginning of the Sedov phase. These modes can enhance the rate of particle scattering thereby leading to potentially very-high maximum energies. Here we calculate the spectrum of particles released into the interstellar medium from the remnants of different types of supernovae. We find that only the remnants of very powerful, rare core-collapse supernova explosions can accelerate light elements such as hydrogen and helium nuclei, to the knee rigidity, and that the local spectrum of cosmic rays directly constrains the rate of such events, if they are also source of PeV cosmic rays. On the other hand, for remnants of typical core-collapse supernova explosions, the Sedov phase is reached at late times, when the maximum energy is too low and the spectrum at very-high energies is very steep, being mostly produced during the ejecta dominated phase. For typical thermonuclear explosions, resulting in type Ia supernovae, we confirm previous findings that these objects can only produce cosmic rays up to $\lesssim 10^{5}$ GeV. The implications for the overall cosmic ray spectrum observed at the Earth and for the detection of PeVatrons by future gamma-ray observatories are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 6 Figures, accepted to Astroparticle Physics
High-Ionization Emission in Metal-Deficient Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Thuan, T. X.
name: Izotov, Y. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial stars are expected to be very massive and hot, producing copious amounts of hard ionizing radiation. The best place to study hard ionizing radiation in the local universe is in very metal-deficient Blue Compact Dwarf (BCD) galaxies. We have carried out a MMT spectroscopic search for [Ne V] 3426 (ionization potential of 7.1 Ryd), [Fe V] 4227 (ionization potential of 4 Ryd) and He II 4686 (ionization potential of 4 Ryd) emission in a sample of 18 BCDs. We have added data from previous work and from the Data Release 3 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. In total, we have assembled a BCD high-ionization sample with [Ne V] emission in 4 galaxies, [Fe V] emission in 15 galaxies and He II emission in 465 galaxies. With this large sample, we have reached the following conclusions. There is a general trend of higher [Ne V], [Fe V] and He II emission at lower metallicities. However metallicity is not the only factor which controls the hardness of the radiation. High-mass X-ray binaries and main-sequence stars are probably excluded as the main sources of the very hard ionizing radiation responsible for [Ne V] emission. The most likely source of [Ne V] emission is probably fast radiative shocks moving with velocities > 450 km/s through a dense interstellar medium with an electron number density of several hundreds per cm^-3 and associated with supernova explosions of the most massive stars. These have masses of ~ 50 - 100 Msun and are formed in very compact super-star clusters. The softer ionizing radiation required for He II emission is likely associated with less massive evolved stars and/or radiative shocks moving through a less dense interstellar medium.
description: 52 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
A study of Neural networks point source extraction on simulated Fermi/LAT Telescope images
Creators: name: Drozdova, Mariia
name: Broilovskiy, Anton
name: Ustyuzhanin, Andrey
name: Malyshev, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrophysical images in the GeV band are challenging to analyze due to the strong contribution of the background and foreground astrophysical diffuse emission and relatively broad point spread function of modern space-based instruments. In certain cases, even finding of point sources on the image becomes a non-trivial task. We present a method for point sources extraction using a convolution neural network (CNN) trained on our own artificial data set which imitates images from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. These images are raw count photon maps of 10x10 degrees covering energies from 1 to 10 GeV. We compare different CNN architectures that demonstrate accuracy increase by ~15% and reduces the inference time by at least the factor of 4 accuracy improvement with respect to a similar state of the art models.
description: Accepted to Astronomische Nachrichten
Stability of negative and positive trions in quantum wires
Creators: name: Szafran, B.
name: Chwiej, T.
name: Peeters, F. M.
name: Bednarek, S.
name: Adamowski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binding energies of negative ($X^-$) and positive trions ($X^+$) in quantum wires are studied for strong quantum confinement of carriers which results in a numerical exactly solvable model. The relative electron and hole localization has a strong effect on the stability of trions. For equal hole and electron confinement, $X^+$ is more stable but a small imbalance of the particle localization towards a stronger hole localization e.g. due to its larger effective mass, leads to the interchange of $X^-$ and $X^+$ recombination lines in the photoluminescent spectrum as was recently observed experimentally. In case of larger $X^-$ stability, a magnetic field oriented parallel to the wire axis leads to a stronger increase of the $X^+$ binding energy resulting in a crossing of the $X^+$ and $X^-$ lines.
Far From Equilibrium Hydrodynamics and the Beam Energy Scan
Creators: name: Dore, Travis
name: McLaughlin, Emma
name: Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of hydrodynamic attractors in rapidly expanding relativistic systems has shed light on the success of relativistic hydrodynamics in describing heavy-ion collisions at zero chemical potential. As the search for the QCD critical point continues, it is important to investigate how out of equilibrium effects influence the trajectories on the QCD phase diagram. In this proceedings, we study a Bjorken expanding hydrodynamic system based on DMNR equations of motion with initial out of equilibrium effects and finite chemical potential in a system with a critical point. We find that the initial conditions are not unique for a specific freeze-out point, but rather the system can evolve to the same final state freeze-out point with a wide range of initial baryon chemical potential, $μ_B$. For the same initial energy density and baryon density, depending on how far out of equilibrium the system begins, the initial $μ_B$ can vary by $Δμ_B\sim 350$ MeV. Our results indicate that knowledge of the out-of-equilibrium effects in the initial state provide vital information that influences the search for the QCD critical point.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings for The 36th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics
Non-degenerate quark mass effect on $B_K$ with a mixed action
Creators: name: Bae, Taegil
name: Kim, Jongjeong
name: Lee, Weonjong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effect of non-degenerate quarks on $B_K$. This effect is noticeably large for $B_K$ (significantly larger than statistical uncertainty). Hence, it is important to include this effect in order to determine $B_K$ with higher precision. We also observe that the quality of fitting for $B_K$ gets better when we include non-degenerate combinations to fit to the prediction by Van de Water and Sharpe. However, this effect on $B_7^{(3/2)}$ and $B_8^{(3/2)}$ turns out to be relatively small.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, lattice 2005 proceeding, updated references, typos are corrected
Additional file 1 of The burden of persistent symptoms after COVID-19 (long COVID): a meta-analysis of controlled studies in children and adults
Creators: name: Azzam, Ahmed
name: Khaled, Heba
name: Refaey, Neveen
name: Mohsen, Shorouk
name: El-Emam, Ola Ali
name: Dawood, Nada
name: Ahmed, Hebatalla A.
name: Soliman, Omar A.
name: Mostafa, Sana
name: Ramadan, Heba
name: Mosa, Maha
name: Elmowafy, Amora Omar Ibrahim
name: Rizk, Shimaa Mohamed Abdou
name: Zaki, Ahmed
name: Hussien, Mostafa
name: Ahmed, Ameer
name: Ezzat, Ahmad Ashraf
name: Hassan, Fatma E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Table S1: Supplementary preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist; Table S2: Full search strategy; Table S3: Checklist items for quality assessment of the included studies; Table S4: List of excluded studies; Table S5: Quality assessment of the included studies; Table S6: Pooled odds ratios for clinical signs and symptoms across all included studies stratified by patients’ age category regardless the hospitalization state; Fig. S1: Funnel plot of dyspnea in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to negative control; Fig. S2: Funnel plot of fatigue in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to negative control; Fig. S3: Funnel plot of brain and memory deficits in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients relative to negative control.
Assessing the Relationship Between Crop Choice and Land Use Change Using A Markov Model
Creators: name: Hua, Wei
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Hite, Diane
name: Hua, Wei
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Hite, Diane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: There is widespread concern among environmental and agricultural interest that land use change will affect the future productivity of the agricultural industry by utilizing highly productive land for development. This paper considers the links between land use change and crop choices in order to analyze whether land use change is influencing crop choices. In order to account for potential endogeneity between crop choices and land use choices, we develop a Markov Model that allows us to capture potential endogeneity between these two choices (land use and crop choice). The Markov model is developed for the 12 Midwestern U.S. States using USDA NRI data at the county level.
Flavor Degeneracy and Effects of Disorder in Ultracold Atom Systems
Creators: name: Hofstetter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold atoms in optical lattices offer an exciting new laboratory where quantum many-body phenomena can be realized in a highly controlled way. They can even serve as quantum simulators for notoriously difficult problems like high-temperature superconductivity. This review is focussed on recent developments and new results in multi-component systems. Fermionic atoms with SU(N) symmetry have exotic superfluid and flavor-ordered ground states. We discuss symmetry breaking, collective modes and detection issues. Bosonic multi-flavor ensembles allow for engineering of spin Hamiltonians which are interesting from a quantum computation point of view. Finally, we will address the competition of disorder and interaction in optical lattices. We present a complete phase diagram obtained within dynamical mean-field theory and discuss experimental observability of the Mott and Anderson phases.
description: 13 pages, 9 eps figures included, Adv. Solid State Phys. (in press)
Using Regression Discontinuity Design to Identify the Effect of Zoning
Creators: name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Carrion-Flores, Carmen E.
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Carrion-Flores, Carmen E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: We test the effect of minimum lot zoning on rural-to-urban land use conversion using Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), a technique that exploits natural discontinuities in the data to identify causal effects. Observations are drawn from either size of a discontinuous minimum lot size zoning boundary. Using these selected sub-samples, a binary discrete choice model of residential land use change is estimated using parcel-level data and other spatially explicit data from an exurban county that lies on the fringes of Cleveland, Ohio. Results show that controlling for unobserved correlation in the data clearly identifies a negative and significant effect of larger minimum lot size zoning on the probability of conversion to a residential use.
Incorporating environmental impacts into value added from organic and conventional farming
Creators: name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Marklund, Per-Olov
name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Marklund, Per-Olov
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: national income accounting
subject: environmental performance
subject: technology choices

description: We aim to improve the policy relevance of the aggregate welfare indicators regarding the economic and environmental features of farming practices. First, an analytical framework for measurement of environmentally adjusted net national product for agricultural sector is provided. Second, shadow pricing of direct disutility of environmental deterioration is illustrated with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures restricting the use of manure on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Our simulated shadow prices per cubic meter manure are quite considerable reflecting the potentially high opportunity costs in terms of value added forgone if the only option to comply with regulation is to cut output. In practice, the organic farms seem to comply well with current regulation, and the environmentally harmful contribution of conventional farms to welfare is relatively small.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/16/05.
Ricci-inverse gravity: a novel alternative gravity, its flaws, and how to cure them
Creators: name: Amendola, Luca
name: Giani, Leonardo
name: Laverda, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel theory of gravity based on the inverse of the Ricci tensor, that we call the anticurvature tensor. We derive the general equations of motion for any Lagrangian function of the curvature and anticurvature scalars. We then demonstrate a no-go theorem: no Lagrangian that contains terms linear in any positive or negative power of the anticurvature scalar can drive an evolution from deceleration to acceleration, as required by observations. This effectively rules out many realizations of this theory, as we illustrate in detail in a particular case. Finally, we speculate on how to circumvent the no-go theorem.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
PERFORMANCE AND GOVERNANCE OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Creators: name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
name: Hartarska, Valentina M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper investigates the influence of board size and board diversity on the performance of Community Development Financial Institutions' operating in the Southeast. The results indicate that at present many CDFI boards are larger than optimal. The results also show that CDFIs generally have well diversified boards and that these organizations' performance is unlikely to improve by further diversifying their boards. However, CDFIs performance may be improved by promoting smaller boards.
Additional file 1 of Lipoxins A4 and B4 inhibit glial cell activation via CXCR3 signaling in acute retinal neuroinflammation
Creators: name: Livne-Bar, Izhar
name: Maurya, Shubham
name: Gronert, Karsten
name: Sivak, Jeremy M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Antibodies Used. Figure S1. High magnification images of cell marker staining. A) Representative retinal staining at 1 day following intravitreal LPS challenge, shown at higher magnification to better demonstrate cell morphology of GFAP, F4-80, and GR-1. B) Representative retinal staining for ramified or amoeboid microglial morphology following staining for Iba1 or CD68. (scale bars represent 20 μm). Figure S2. LPS challenge did not induce an apparent T-cell response. Representative negative staining for CD4- and CD3-positive T cells in retinal sections at three days following intravitreal LPS treatment showed no signal in the retina. A parallel stained section from a retina three days after exposure to the potent oxidative stressor paraquat (PQ) is presented as a positive control (arrows, scale bars represent 100 μm). Figure S3. LPS treatment results in significant RGC loss after three weeks. A) Brn3a staining in retinas over a time course showed no clear reduction in RGC density compared to control until a 21 day time point (d21) after LPS injection (scale bars represent 100 μm). B) Corresponding quantification after 21 days reveals a small, but significant loss of RGCs at three weeks following LPS-induced retinal inflammation (*p <0.05, bars represent SE, GCL; ganglion cell layer). Figure S4. LXA4, LXB4 or Amg487 treatment alone do not induce retinal inflammation markers. Retinal staining for A)GFAP, B) Iba1, or C) F4-80, do not show any difference at two days following treatment, compared to vehicle alone (scale bars represent 100 μm).
EVALUATION OF CONSERVATION POLICIES FOR REDUCING NITROGEN LOADS TO THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND GULF OF MEXICO
Creators: name: Tanaka, Katsuya
name: Wu, JunJie
name: Tanaka, Katsuya
name: Wu, JunJie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This study integrates economic and physical models to estimate the social costs of several commonly suggested policies (chemical-use tax and three types of conservation payments) for reducing nitrogen loads to the Mississippi River and for controlling hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. The economic models predict farmer's crop rotations, tillage practices, and participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) at more than 44,000 Natural Resource Inventory sites in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. The estimated land use changes under the four policies are incorporated into a physical model to assess their impact on nitrate-N concentrations in the Mississippi River. Results suggest that the fertilizer-use tax is much more cost-effective than the three conservation easement policies. Incentive payments for conservation tillage are most cost-effective among the three conservation easement policies, but can reduce nitrate-N concentrations only to a limited level. The potential for incentive payments for corn-soybean rotations is even more limited as an instrument for reducing nitrate-N concentrations in the Mississippi River. These payments also impose a higher cost to society than payments for conservation tillage. Payments for cropland retirement can be used to achieve the largest reduction in nitrate-N concentrations, but also impose the largest cost to society among the four policies considered in this paper. Results also suggest that, in contrast to previous studies, the targeted fertilizer-use tax reduces the aggregate farm profit loss under the uniform fertilizer-use tax by up to 30 percent.
CREDIT SCORE MIGRATION ANALYSIS OF FARM BUSINESSES: CONDITIONING ON BUSINESS CYCLES AND MIGRATION TRENDS
Creators: name: Phillips, Jill
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Phillips, Jill
name: Katchova, Ani L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: business cycle
subject: credit migration
subject: migration trend
subject: path dependence
subject: rating drift
subject: trend reversal

description: This study examines credit score migration rates of farm businesses. We test whether migration probabilities differ across business cycles. Our results suggest that agricultural credit ratings are more likely to improve during expansions and deteriorate during recessions. We also test whether agricultural credit ratings depend on the previous period migration trends. Our results show that credit score ratings exhibit trend reversal where upgrades (downgrades) are more likely to be followed by downgrades (upgrades).
TARIFF ESCALATION: IMPACTS ON U.S. AND GLOBAL RICE TRADE
Creators: name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Durand-Morat, Alvaro
name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Childs, Nathan W.
name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Durand-Morat, Alvaro
name: Hoffman, Linwood A.
name: Childs, Nathan W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: tariff escalation
subject: rice
subject: trade
subject: milling

description: Tariff escalation is an important aspect of protection for domestic milling industries, particularly in Central America. The United States exports over 40 percent of its rice as paddy. This study uses a spatial equilibrium trade model to evaluate the impacts of tariff escalation on U.S. and global long grain paddy and milled rice trade. Tariffs are harmonized for paddy and milled rice at two levels: milled tariff rates and zero. The results indicate that tariff escalation distorts US rice trade in favor of paddy exports, reducing the demand for rice milling and associated value-added activities in the US.
Stability Diagram of a Few-Electron Triple Dot
Creators: name: Gaudreau, Louis
name: Studenikin, Sergei
name: Sachrajda, Andy
name: Zawadzki, Piotr
name: Kam, Alicia
name: Lapointe, Jean
name: Korkusinski, Marek
name: Hawrylak, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dots are considered building blocks for future quantum information circuits. We present here experimental results on a quantum dot circuit consisting of three quantum dots with controlled electron numbers down to one per dot and tunable coupling. We experimentally map out for the first time the stability diagram of the triatomic system and reveal the existence of quadruple points, a signature of the three dots being in resonance. In their vicinity we observe a surprising effect, a 'cloning' of charge transfer transitions related to charge and spin reconfigurations. The experimental results are reproduced by equivalent circuit analysis and Hubbard models.
Willingness-to-Accept and Willingness-to-Pay for GM and Non-GM Food: UK Consumers
Creators: name: Moon, Wanki
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Our research elicited UK consumers¡¯ willingness-to-accept (WTA) discount in exchange for giving up non-GM food and willingness-to-pay (WTP) premium to purchase non-GM food. Eliciting only WTP does not provide sufficient information for determining substitutability between GM and non-GM food. Results indicate that there is a strong demand for non-GM food in the UK, but a non-negligible segment expressed their willingness to substitute non-GM food with GM version either without discount (12 %) or with discounts (34 %). This result suggests that there is an economic incentive for food industry in Europe to offer GM food to consumers.
Higher energy triplet-pair states in polyenes and their role in intramolecular singlet fission
Creators: name: Valentine, Darren J
name: Manawadu, Dilhan
name: Barford, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probing extended polyene systems with energy in excess of the bright state ($1^1B_u^+$/$S_2$) band edge generates triplets via singlet fission. This process is not thought to involve the $2^1A_g^-$/$S_1$ state, suggesting that other states play a role. Using density matrix renormalisation group (DMRG) calculations of the Pariser-Parr-Pople-Peierls Hamiltonian, we investigate candidate states that could be involved in singlet fission. We find that the relaxed $1^1B_u^-$, and $3^1A_g^-$ singlet states and $1^5A_g^-$ quintet state lie below the $S_2$ state. The $1^1B_u^-$, $3^1A_g^-$ and $1^5A_g^-$ states are all thought to have triplet-triplet character, which is confirmed by our calculations of bond dimerization, spin-spin correlation and wavefunction overlap with products of triplet states. We thus show that there is a family of singlet excitations(i.e., $2^1A_g^-$, $1^1B_u^-$, $3^1A_g^-$, $\cdots$), composed of both triplet-pair and electron-hole character, which are fundamentally the same excitation, but have different center-of-mass energies. The lowest energy member of this family, the $2^1A_g^-$ state, cannot undergo singlet fission. But higher energy members (e.g., the $3^1A_g^-$) state, owing to their increased kinetic energy and reduced electron-lattice relaxation, can undergo singlet fission for certain chain lengths.
ESTIMATING THE MVP AND OPTIMUM IRRIGATION LEVEL FOR GRAIN SORGHUM UTILIZING EVAPOTRANSPIRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE TEXAS PANHANDLE
Creators: name: Colette, W. Arden
name: Almas, Lal K.
name: Colette, W. Arden
name: Almas, Lal K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Production data provided by commercial producers of grain sorghum is used to estimate response functions for three alternative management decision models. The evaluation of yield to the total water availability, irrigation, and water application as a percent of potential evapotranspiration. The three methods provide similar results, but each provides unique information and adds valuable information to the decision process. The value product functions and the energy cost function are used to determine the profit maximizing level of water application where adequate water to fully meet the crop needs is available and to determine the irrigation vs. no irrigation decision where water availability is limiting.
Comparison of Resampling Schemes for Particle Filtering
Creators: name: Douc, Randal
name: Cappé, Olivier
name: Moulines, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This contribution is devoted to the comparison of various resampling approaches that have been proposed in the literature on particle filtering. It is first shown using simple arguments that the so-called residual and stratified methods do yield an improvement over the basic multinomial resampling approach. A simple counter-example showing that this property does not hold true for systematic resampling is given. Finally, some results on the large-sample behavior of the simple bootstrap filter algorithm are given. In particular, a central limit theorem is established for the case where resampling is performed using the residual approach.
An analysis of Research Data Publishing in Japanese Research Institutions: RORID and DataCite API Case Study
Creators: name: Mikami, Ayako
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Persistent Identifiers
PID Infrastructure
Open Science
Japan
APAC
Consortia
DataCite
ORCID
AXIES
JaLC
JST

description: This event had the theme ‘As local as necessary, as international as possible’. It focussed on strengthening the Japanese persistent identifier (PID) community and fostering linkages between Japan PID infrastructure and the wider community in the Asia–Pacific (APAC) region and globally.

The agenda provided an orientation of PIDs and related services, as well as insights about ORCID and DataCite in the APAC region and the activities of our Consortia. Participants learnt about use cases of PID implementation in research workflows in Japan (and APAC), and how implementation has aligned with organizational goals: showcasing success stories and challenges.

Bringing people together for stimulating conversations around points of interest to the community that are not possible virtually, the event was an opportunity to meet others with an interest in the adoption of PIDs and Open Science principles.

This event was co-hosted by ORCID and DataCite alongside the Academic eXchange for Information Environment and Strategy and the Japan Link Center, who respectively lead ORCID’s and DataCite’s Consortia in Japan. It was supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency. The event was co-located with the International Symposium on Data Science 2023 held on 11–15 December 2023 at the Science Council of Japan in Tokyo.
Disentangling Phonon Channels in Nanoscale Thermal Transport
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Samik
name: Wajs, Marcin
name: de la Mata, Maria
name: Givan, Uri
name: Senz, Stephan
name: Arbiol, Jordi
name: Francoeur, Sebastien
name: Moutanabbir, Oussama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phonon surface scattering has been at the core of heat transport engineering in nanoscale structures and devices. Herein, we demonstrate that this phonon pathway can be the sole mechanism only below a characteristic, size-dependent temperature. Above this temperature, the lattice phonon scattering co-exist along with surface effects. By artificially controlling mass disorder and lattice dynamics at the atomic-level in nanowires without affecting morphology, crystallinity, chemical composition, and electronic properties, the temperature-thermal conductivity-diameter triple parameter space is mapped, and the main phonon scattering mechanisms are disentangled. This led to the identification of the critical temperature at which the effect of lattice mass-disorder on thermal conductivity is suppressed to an extent that phonon transport becomes governed entirely by the surface. This behavior is discussed based on Landauer-Dutta-Lundstrom near-equilibrium transport model. The established framework provides the necessary input to further advance the design and modelling of phonon and heat transport in semiconductor nanoscale systems.
description: 12 pages text, 4 Figures, 13 pages Supplementary Information
Detection of fish-food pellets in highly-cluttered underwater images with variable illumination
Creators: name: Parsonage, Kevin David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The focus of this research was to develop and test a method using image analysis to detect falling objects in a complex and variable underwater scene. This particular application involved the detection of fish-food pellets in netcage aquaculture systems. The problem was complicated due to the video camera positioning, number of other objects in the scene, and variable and uncontrollable background lighting conditions. The image analysis program was developed and tested using images obtained from industry standard video cameras. Testing conditions were as follows: Food pellet diameter: 2-11 mm. Water visibility: 3.5 - 11 m. - Fish size: 0.025 - 4.8 kg. - Fish stocking density: 0.27 - 20.3 kg/m³. The resulting image analysis program consisted of novel image enhancement and object recognition algorithms and was combined with filtering methods to eliminate false detections. The program was capable of detecting food pellet events providing the following conditions were met: 1) The camera view area was positioned within the sinking path of the food pellets. 2) The camera was positioned with its lens pointed towards the water surface. 3) The camera lens and rigging were clear of debris. 4) At least three food pellets of area 30 pixels or greater were present in the sampled images for 8 consecutive seconds.
Empowering African Researchers: Building Data and Coding Skills with The Carpentries
Creators: name: Trusler, Angelique
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Open Science
Open Access
Research
Africa
Data
Coding
African Research
AfricArXiv
The Carpentries
Skills

description: This webinar session focused on helping African researchers start their data and coding skills journey. They learned the following: Fundamental coding techniques to streamline their research workflow Effective data management strategies to organize and analyze their data and Practical tips on using open-source tools to enhance their research capabilities The discussions had during the session will help anyone looking to learn foundational coding and data science skills.
description: Empowering African Researchers: Building Data and Coding Skills with The Carpentries - AfricArXiv Open Science Webinar Series 2024
A Multiwavelength Investigation of Unidentified EGRET Sources
Creators: name: Wallace, P. M.
name: Bloom, S. D.
name: Lewis, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical studies indicate that the 271 point sources of high-energy gamma rays belong to two groups: a Galactic population and an isotropic extragalactic population. Many unidentified extragalactic sources are certainly blazars, and it is the intention of this work to uncover gamma-ray blazars missed by previous attempts. Until recently, searches for blazar counterparts to unidentified EGRET sources have focused on finding AGN that have 5-GHz radio flux densities S_5 near or above 1 Jy. However, the recent blazar identification of 3EG J2006-2321 (S_5 = 260 mJy) and other work suggest that careful studies of weaker flat-spectrum sources may be fruitful. In this spirit, error circles of 4 high-latitude unidentified EGRET sources have been searched for 5-GHz sources. The gamma-ray sources are 3EG J1133+0033, 3EG J1212+2304, 3EG J1222+2315, and 3EG J1227+4302. Within the error contours of each of the four sources are found 6 radio candidates; by observing the positions of the radio sources with the 0.81-m Tenagra II telescope it is determined that 14 of these 24 radio sources have optical counterparts with R < 22. Eight of these from two different EGRET sources have been observed in the B, V, and R bands in more than one epoch and the analysis of these data is ongoing. Any sources that are found to be variable will be the objects of multi-epoch polarimetry studies.
description: 6 pages, 2 tables. To appear in Astrophysics & Space Science
PROMOTIONAL EFFORTS VS. ECONOMIC FACTORS AS DRIVERS OF PRODUCERS' DECISIONS TO EXPAND OR START A DAIRY
Creators: name: Eberle, Phillip R.
name: Milliman, Clinton
name: Peterson, William C.
name: Rendleman, C. Matthew
name: Eberle, Phillip R.
name: Milliman, Clinton
name: Peterson, William C.
name: Rendleman, C. Matthew
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: States have developed programs to expand or attract new dairies. Whether these programs played a role in producers' decisions is evaluated. A multi-state survey of milk producers was conducted to identify factors affecting producers' decisions to expand dairy. Results are presented by state and size of dairy. The public promotion and support category was ranked the lowest in importance for dairy growth, but individual items within the category were rated as positive. Of the 42 items rated, extension service received the tenth highest rating of importance. Assistance in obtaining licenses and permits, and guaranteed loans had ratings implying a positive impact, but to a lesser extend than extension and university research. Market for milk and co-products was ranked the most important. The second most important category was resource availability and resource prices, but this ranking varied by size. Small dairies ranked family and community ties second and large dairies ranked regulatory environment as second. Illinois milk producers compared to other state producers had perceived disadvantages with respect to land prices, utility costs, climate and ease of regulatory compliance.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/13/04.
Strong spin-orbit interaction and $g$-factor renormalization of hole spins in Ge/Si nanowire quantum dots
Creators: name: Froning, F. N. M.
name: Rančić, M. J.
name: Hetényi, B.
name: Bosco, S.
name: Rehmann, M. K.
name: Li, A.
name: Bakkers, E. P. A. M.
name: Zwanenburg, F. A.
name: Loss, D.
name: Zumbühl, D. M.
name: Braakman, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-orbit interaction lies at the heart of quantum computation with spin qubits, research on topologically non-trivial states, and various applications in spintronics. Hole spins in Ge/Si core/shell nanowires experience a spin-orbit interaction that has been predicted to be both strong and electrically tunable, making them a particularly promising platform for research in these fields. We experimentally determine the strength of spin-orbit interaction of hole spins confined to a double quantum dot in a Ge/Si nanowire by measuring spin-mixing transitions inside a regime of spin-blockaded transport. We find a remarkably short spin-orbit length of $\sim$65 nm, comparable to the quantum dot length and the interdot distance. We additionally observe a large orbital effect of the applied magnetic field on the hole states, resulting in a large magnetic field dependence of the spin-mixing transition energies. Strikingly, together with these orbital effects, the strong spin-orbit interaction causes a significant enhancement of the $g$-factor with magnetic field.The large spin-orbit interaction strength demonstrated is consistent with the predicted direct Rashba spin-orbit interaction in this material system and is expected to enable ultrafast Rabi oscillations of spin qubits and efficient qubit-qubit interactions, as well as provide a platform suitable for studying Majorana zero modes.
Radial oscillations and stability of multiple-fluid compact stars
Creators: name: Kain, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I derive a system of pulsation equations for compact stars made up of an arbitrary number of perfect fluids that can be used to study radial oscillations and stability with respect to small perturbations. I assume spherical symmetry and that the only inter-fluid interactions are gravitational. My derivation is in line with Chandrasekhar's original derivation for the pulsation equation of a single-fluid compact star and keeps the contributions from the individual fluids manifest. I illustrate solutions to the system of pulsations equations with one-, two-, and three-fluid examples.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Relativistic frame-dragging and the Hong-Ou-Mandel dip $-$ a primitive to gravitational effects in multi-photon quantum-interference
Creators: name: Brady, Anthony J.
name: Haldar, Stav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect $-$ a two-photon quantum-interference effect $-$ in the space-time of a rotating spherical mass. In particular, we analyze a common-path HOM setup restricted to the surface of the earth and show that, in principle, general-relativistic frame-dragging induces observable shifts in the HOM dip. For completeness and correspondence with current literature, we also analyze the emergence of gravitational time-dilation effects in HOM interference, for a dual-arm configuration. The formalism thus presented establishes a basis for encoding general-relativistic effects into local, multi-photon, quantum-interference experiments. Demonstration of these instances would signify genuine observations of quantum and general relativistic effects, in tandem, and would also extend the domain of validity of general relativity, to the arena of quantized electromagnetic fields.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Comments are welcome
Measuring gravitational-wave higher-order modes
Creators: name: Mills, Cameron
name: Fairhurst, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the observability of higher harmonics in gravitational wave signals emitted during the coalescence of binary black holes. We decompose each mode into an overall amplitude, dependent upon the masses and spins of the system, and an orientation-dependent term, dependent upon the inclination and polarization of the source. Using this decomposition, we investigate the significance of higher modes over the parameter space and show that the $\ell = 3$, $m = 3$ mode is most significant across much of the sensitive band of ground-based interferometric detectors, with the $\ell = 4$, $m = 4$ having a significant contribution at high masses. We introduce the higher mode signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and show that a simple threshold on this SNR can be used as a criterion for observation of higher harmonics. Finally, we investigate observability in a population of binaries and observe that higher harmonics will only be observable in a few percent of binaries, typically those with unequal masses and viewed close to edge-on.
COMMODITY PRICES AND UNIT ROOT TESTS
Creators: name: Wang, Dabin
name: Tomek, William G.
name: Wang, Dabin
name: Tomek, William G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Endogenous variables in structural models of agricultural commodity markets are typically treated as stationary. Yet, tests for unit roots have rather frequently implied that commodity prices are not stationary. This seeming inconsistency is investigated by focusing on alternative specifications of unit root tests. We apply various specifications to Illinois farm prices of corn, soybeans, barrows and gilts, and milk for the 1960 through 2002 time span. The preponderance of the evidence suggests that nominal prices do not have unit roots, but under certain specifications, the null hypothesis of a unit root cannot be rejected, particularly when the logarithms of prices are used. If the test specification does not account for a structural change that shifts the mean of the variable, the results are biased toward concluding that a unit root exists. In general, the evidence does not favor the existence of unit roots.
Stellensituation und Ausstattung der Fremdsprachendidaktiken an bundesdeutschen Hochschulen
Creators: name: Grünewald, Andreas
name: Verriere, Katharina
Publisher: name: WVT
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Stellensituation
subject: Ausstattung
subject: Fremdsprachendidaktik
subject: deutsche Hochschulen
subject: 400

description: In diesem Artikel wird zunächst die Ausgangslage der Stellensituation und Ausstattung der Fremdsprachendidaktiken an bundesdeutschen Hochschulen beschrieben. Im Folgenden werden Befragungs-, Erhebungs- und Analysemethoden vorgestellt. Es werden die Ergebnisse in Kategorien der Beschäftigungsstellen diskutiert.
Testing general relativity and probing the merger history of massive black holes with LISA
Creators: name: Berti, Emanuele
name: Buonanno, Alessandra
name: Will, Clifford M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of binary inspirals with LISA will allow us to place bounds on alternative theories of gravity and to study the merger history of massive black holes (MBH). These possibilities rely on LISA's parameter estimation accuracy. We update previous studies of parameter estimation including non-precessional spin effects. We work both in Einstein's theory and in alternative theories of gravity of the scalar-tensor and massive-graviton types. Inclusion of non-precessional spin terms in MBH binaries has little effect on the angular resolution or on distance determination accuracy, but it degrades the estimation of the chirp mass and reduced mass by between one and two orders of magnitude. The bound on the coupling parameter of scalar-tensor gravity is significantly reduced by the presence of spin couplings, while the reduction in the graviton-mass bound is milder. LISA will measure the luminosity distance of MBHs to better than ~10% out to z~4 for a (10^6+10^6) Msun binary, and out to z~2 for a (10^7+10^7) Msun binary. The chirp mass of a MBH binary can always be determined with excellent accuracy. Ignoring spin effects, the reduced mass can be measured within ~1% out to z=10 and beyond for a (10^6+10^6) Msun binary, but only out to z~2 for a (10^7+10^7) Msun binary. Present-day MBH coalescence rate calculations indicate that most detectable events should originate at z~2-6: at these redshifts LISA can be used to measure the two black hole masses and their luminosity distance with sufficient accuracy to probe the merger history of MBHs. If the low-frequency LISA noise can only be trusted down to 10^-4 Hz, parameter estimation for MBHs (and LISA's ability to perform reliable cosmological observations) will be significantly degraded.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures. Proceedings of GWDAW 9. Matches version accepted in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Additional file 1 of Level of attendance at the English National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes
Creators: name: Parkinson, Beth
name: McManus, Emma
name: Meacock, Rachel
name: Sutton, Matt
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Weibull survival model of number of DPP sessions attended and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes, presenting coefficients for all variables in models. Table S2. Survival models of programme completion and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes. Table S3. Supplementary analysis 1: association between number of sessions attended and type 2 diabetes when time at risk is defined as starting from the first session attended. Table S4. Supplementary analysis 2: accelerated failure time regression models for number of sessions attended and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.