cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generalized Cramer-Rao Bound for Joint Estimation of Target Position and Velocity for Active and Passive Radar Networks
Creators: name: He, Qian
name: Hu, Jianbin
name: Blum, Rick S.
name: Wu, Yonggang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we derive the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) for joint target position and velocity estimation using an active or passive distributed radar network under more general, and practically occurring, conditions than assumed in previous work. In particular, the presented results allow nonorthogonal signals, spatially dependent Gaussian reflection coefficients, and spatially dependent Gaussian clutter-plus-noise. These bounds allow designers to compare the performance of their developed approaches, which are deemed to be of acceptable complexity, to the best achievable performance. If their developed approaches lead to performance close to the bounds, these developed approaches can be deemed "good enough". A particular recent study where algorithms have been developed for a practical radar application which must involve nonorthogonal signals, for which the best performance is unknown, is a great example. The presented results in our paper do not make any assumptions about the approximate location of the target being known from previous target detection signal processing. In addition, for situations in which we do not know some parameters accurately, we also derive the mismatched CRB. Numerical investigations of the mean squared error of the maximum likelihood estimation are employed to support the validity of the CRBs. In order to demonstrate the utility of the provided results to a topic of great current interest, the numerical results focus on a passive radar system using the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) cellar system.
Effects of community-level bed net coverage on malaria morbidity in Lilongwe, Malawi
Creators: name: Juliano, Jonathan
name: Miller, William
name: Escamilla, Veronica
name: Alker, Alisa P
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Emch, Michael
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background The protective effect of insecticide-treated bed nets against individual-level malaria transmission is well known, however community-level effects are less understood. Protective effects from community-level bed net use against malaria transmission have been observed in clinical trials, however, the relationship is less clear outside of a controlled research setting. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of community-level bed net use against malaria transmission outside of a bed net clinical trial setting in Lilongwe, Malawi following national efforts to scale-up ownership of long-lasting, insecticide-treated bed nets. Methods An annual, cross-sectional, household-randomized, malaria transmission intensity survey was conducted in Lilongwe, Malawi (2011–2013). Health, demographic, and geographic-location data were collected. Participant blood samples were tested for Plasmodium falciparum presence. The percentage of people sleeping under a bed net within 400-m and 1-km radii of all participants was measured. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to measure the relationship between malaria prevalence and surrounding bed net coverage. Each year, 800 people were enrolled (400 <5 years; 200 5–19 years; 200 ≥20 years; total n = 2400). Results From 2011 to 2013, malaria prevalence declined from 12.9 to 5.6%, while bed net use increased from 53.8 to 78.6%. For every 1% increase in community bed net coverage, malaria prevalence decreased among children under 5 years old [adjusted odds ratio: 0.98 (0.96, 1.00)]. Similar effects were observed in participants 5–19 years [unadjusted odds ratio: 0.98 (0.97, 1.00)]; the effect was attenuated after adjusting for individual-level bed net use. Community coverage was not associated with malaria prevalence among adults ≥20 years. Supplemental analyses identified more pronounced indirect protective effects from community-level bed net use against malaria transmission among children under 5 years who were sleeping under a bed net [adjusted odds ratio: 0.97 (0.94, 0.99)], compared to children who were not sleeping under a bed net [adjusted odds ratio: 0.99 (0.97, 1.01)]. Conclusions Malawi’s efforts to scale up ownership of long-lasting, insecticide-treated bed nets are effective in increasing reported use. Increased community-level bed net coverage appears to provide additional protection against malaria transmission beyond individual use in a real-world context.
Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method: A Fast and Cost-Effective Solver for Dynamic Analysis of Supersonic Lifting Surfaces
Creators: name:  HEMANT JOSHI
name:   PETER THOMAS
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: UNSTEADY VORTEX LATTICE METHOD
HEAVING
PITCHING
DESIGN OPTIMISATION
UNSTEADY SUPERSONIC

description: This study details the development of the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (VLM) in conjunction with the MATLAB based Tornado VLM software, aiming to enhance the capabilities of Tornado for unsteady analysis. This integration allows for improved accuracy and computational efficiency in predicting the dynamic behaviour of such surfaces. The following work is based on the frequency response of the generalised VLM that effectively removes the cost associated with higher-order computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers. The solver works on the framework of adaptive time-step response and reduces the truncation error improving the accuracy. This unsteady solver computes the induced flow to calculate the forces acting on the panel concerning time. This unsteady VLM is a fast mode of solver for predicting the dynamic behaviour of a lifting surface which enables its use in quicker preliminary design analysis. The results were compared with conventional CFD simulation and have seen a comparable accuracy for reduced run time. Being a lower-order method, the solver is 24 times faster than the CFD simulation, which reduces the cost associated and computational power requirement. Nomenclature a Angle of Attack frx Angle of attack position in x fry Angle of attack position in y /3 Side-slip angle r Bound Circulation of an aerofoil w Frequency of oscillation Cw Lift curve slope with a u Free stream Velocity Cn Coefficient of Drag CL Coefficient of Lift dt Time step response LOM Low-order Modelling MAC Mean aerodynamic chord URANS Unsteady Reynolds Average Navier Stokes UVLM Unsteady VLM VLM Vortex Lattice Method Copyright 2023 by First Author. Posted on line by the EU CASS association with permission.
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules
Creators: name: Stolow, Albert
name: Underwood, Jonathan G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review article discusses advances in the use of time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy for the study of non-adiabatic processes in molecules. A theoretical treatment of the experiments is presented together with a number of experimental examples.
description: 84 pages, 33 figures
Analytic continuation of 3-point functions of the conformal field theory
Creators: name: Dotsenko, Vladimir S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the general 3-point function $$, with continuous values of charges $a, b, c$ of a statistical model operators, and the 3-point function of the Liouville model, could all be obtained by successive analytical continuations starting from the 3-point function of the minimal model.
description: 57 pages, 7 figures, one reference added, minor typos corrected, agrees with the journal version
On the shape of core overshooting in stellar model computations, and asteroseismic tests
Creators: name: Moravveji, Ehsan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Slowly pulsating B stars (SPB) and $γ$ Dor stars pulsate in high-order gravity (g-) modes. The frequencies of g-modes are sensitive to the detailed structure and evolution history of stars having convective cores. Receding convective cores in OB-type stars leave behind a chemically inhomogenous $\nabla_μ>0$ radiative zone. Once a g-mode has radial nodes near the boundaries of these layers, the mode gets trapped and its period deviates from asymptotic period spacing. Careful study of such trapped modes allows constraining the extent of such layers by fitting individual pulsation frequencies. We employ 19 consecuitve dipole g-modes of a very rich Kepler SPB pulsator, KIC 10526294, to demonstrate the power of mode trapping in B-stars in studying the thermal and chemical stratification in the overshooting layer.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; to appear in the proceedings of "Physics of Evolved Stars 2015 - A conference dedicated to the memory of Olivier Chesneau"
Roadmap Towards a Qualified Aluminium Green Propellant Diaphragm Tank
Creators: name:  TIMOTHY JORAHOLMEN
name:   STIAN KORSVOLD
name:   PAL SANDVOLD
name:   OYSTEIN LUKTVASSLIMO
name:   KNUT ERIK NILSBERG
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: GREEN PROPELLANT
HTP
DIAPHRAGM TANK DEVELOPMENT

description: : As part of the activities under an ESA funded contract Nammo is currently developing an H2O2 based RACS control system for integration in the Vega E system and possibly also earlier, in the Vega C system. The propellant storing and feeding function is served by an Aluminium PED tank with a polymeric diaphragm. This article explores some of the propellant tank development activities conducted thus far and shows the maturity level reached in the current project phase.
Surface tension and Laplace pressure in triangulated surface models for membranes without fixed boundary
Creators: name: Koibuchi, Hiroshi
name: Shobukhov, Andrey
name: Sekino, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Monte Carlo (MC) study is performed to evaluate the surface tension $γ$ of spherical membranes that may be regarded as the models of the lipid layers. We use the canonical surface model defined on the self-avoiding triangulated lattices. The surface tension $γ$ is calculated by keeping the total surface area $A$ constant during the MC simulations. In the evaluation of $γ$, we use $A$ instead of the projected area $A_p$, which is unknown due to the fluctuation of the spherical surface without boundary. The pressure difference ${\itΔ}p $ between the inner and the outer sides of the surface is also calculated by maintaining the enclosed volume constant. Using ${\itΔ}p $ and the Laplace formula, we obtain the tension, which is considered to be equal to the frame tension $τ$ conjugate to $A_p$, and check whether or not $γ$ is consistent with $τ$. We find reasonable consistency between $γ$ and $τ$ in the region of sufficiently large bending rigidity $κ$ or sufficiently large $A/N$. It is also found that $τ$ becomes constant in the limit of $A/N\to \infty$ both in the tethered and fluid surfaces.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Multitasking Programming of OBDH Satellite Based On PC-104
Creators: name: Haryono, Haryono
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: On Board Data Handling (OBDH) has functions to monitor, control, acquire, analyze, take a decision, and execute the command. OBDH should organize the task between sub system. OBDH like a heart which has a vital function. Because the function is seriously important therefore designing and implementing the OBDH should be carefully, in order to have a good reliability. Many OBDHs have been made to support the satellite mission using primitive programming. In handling the data from various input, OBDH should always be available to all sub systems, when the tasks are many, it is not easy to program using primitive programming. Sometimes the data become corrupt because the data which come to the OBDH is in the same time. Therefore it is required to have a way to handle the data safely and also easy in programming perspective. In this research, OBDH is programmed using multi tasking programming perspective has been created. The Operating System (OS) has been implemented so that can run the tasks simultaneously. The OS is prepared by configuring the Linux Kernel for the specific processor, creating Root File System (RFS), installing the BusyBox. In order to do the above method, preparing the environment in our machine has been done, they are installing the Cross Tool Chain, U-Boot, GNU-Linux Kernel Source etc. After that, programming using c code with multitasking programming can be implemented. By using above method, it is found that programming is easier and the corruption data because of reentrancy can be minimized. Keywords- Operating System, PC-104, Kernel, C Programming
description: 8 pages
Investigations of fine-scale phylogeography in Tigriopus californicus reveal historical patterns of population divergence
Creators: name: Ladner, Jason T
name: Willett, Christopher
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus is a model for studying the process of genetic divergence in allopatry and for probing the nature of genetic changes that lead to reproductive isolation. Although previous studies have revealed a pattern of remarkably high levels of genetic divergence between the populations of this species at several spatial scales, it is not clear what types of historical processes are responsible. Particularly lacking are data that can yield insights into population history from the finest scales of geographic resolution. Results Sequence variation in both cytochrome b (CYTB, mtDNA) and the rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP, nuclear) are examined at a fine scale within four different regions for populations of T. californicus. High levels of genetic divergence are seen for both genes at the broader scale, and genetic subdivision is apparent at nearly all scales in these populations for these two genes. Patterns of polymorphism and divergence in both CYTB and RISP suggest that selection may be leading to non-neutral evolution of these genes in several cases but a pervasive pattern of neither selection nor coadaptation is seen for these markers. Conclusion The use of sequence data at a fine-scale of resolution in this species has provided novel insights into the processes that have resulted in the accumulation of genetic divergence among populations. This divergence is likely to result from an interplay between a limited dispersal ability for this copepod and the temporal instability of copepod habitat. Both shorter-term processes such as the extinction/recolonization dynamics of copepod pools and longer-term processes such as geological uplift of coastline and sea level changes appear to have impacted the patterns of differentiation. Some patterns of sequence variation are consistent with selection acting upon the loci used in this study; however, it appears that most phylogeographic patterns are the result of history and not selection on these genes in this species.
Implications of the diphoton excess on Left-Right models and gauge unification
Creators: name: Deppisch, Frank F.
name: Hati, Chandan
name: Patra, Sudhanwa
name: Pritimita, Prativa
name: Sarkar, Utpal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent diphoton excess signal at an invariant mass of 750 GeV can be interpreted in the framework of left-right symmetric models with additional scalar singlets and vector-like fermions. We propose a minimal scenario for such a purpose. Extending the LRSM framework to include these new vector-like fermionic fields, on the other hand, results in interesting phenomenological implications for the LRSM fermion masses and mixing. Furthermore, existence of such vector-like fermions can also have interesting implications for baryogenesis and the dark matter sector. The introduction of a real bi-triplet scalar which contains a potential DM candidate will allow the gauge couplings to unify at $\approx 10^{17.7}$ GeV.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, matches published version
Reduced-Scale Generic Future Fighter Aerodynamic Model Using Neuro-Fuzzy Hybridized with Differential Evolution
Creators: name:  VITOR SANT'ANA
name:   P. KRUS
name:   R.M.FINZI NETO
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: AERODYNAMICS
FLIGHT MECHANICS
FUZZY RULE-BASED SYSTEM
MACHINE LEARNINGS.

description: Accurate aerodynamic modeling is crucial for understanding and optimizing the behavior of aircraft systems. This work presents a novel approach to developing a low-cost yet high-fidelity aerodynamic model using machine learning techniques and experimental flight data from a reduced-scale Generic Future Fighter (GFF). The proposed model leverages Neuro-Fuzzy combined with Differential Evolution for training the acquired data, while employing a Fuzzy Rule-Based System (FRBS) with Gaussian-shaped membership functions for inputs. By effectively predicting forces and moments based on input variable values, the developed model serves as a tool for system identification specific to the aircraft under investigation. The results shows that the Neuro-Fuzzy has a good adaptability to this kind of identifications.
Ab-initio perspective on the Mollwo-Ivey relation for F-centers in alkali halides
Creators: name: Tiwald, P.
name: Karsai, F.
name: Laskowski, R.
name: Gräfe, S.
name: Blaha, P.
name: Burgdörfer, J.
name: Wirtz, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the well-known Mollwo-Ivey relation that describes the "universal" dependence of the absorption energies of F-type color centers on the lattice constant $a$ of the alkali-halide crystals, $E_{\mbox{abs}}\propto a^{-n}.$ We perform both state-of-the-art ab-initio Quantum Chemistry and post-DFT calculations of F-center absorption spectra. By "tuning" independently the lattice constant and the atomic species we show that the scaling of the lattice constant alone (keeping the elements fixed) would yield $n=2$ in agreement with the "particle-in-the-box" model. Keeping the lattice constant fixed and changing the atomic species enables us to quantify the ion-size effects which are shown to be responsible for the exponent $n \approx 1.8$.
Propagation of time-truncated Airy-type pulses in media with quadratic and cubic dispersion
Creators: name: Hernández, José Angel Borda
name: Zamboni-Rached, Michel
name: Shaarawi, Amr
name: Besieris, Ioannis M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we describe analytically the propagation of Airy-type pulses truncated by a finite-time aperture when second and third order dispersion effects are considered. The mathematical method presented here, based on the superposition of exponentially truncated Airy pulses, is very effective, allowing us to avoid the use of time-consuming numerical simulations. We analyze the behavior of the time truncated Ideal-Airy pulse and also the interesting case of a time truncated Airy pulse with a "defect" in its initial profile, which reveals the self-healing property of this kind of pulse solution.
description: 9 pages. 5 figures
Predicting the $\sinϕ_S$ Transverse Single-spin Asymmetry of Pion Production at an Electron Ion Collider
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoyu
name: Lu, Zhun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transverse single-spin asymmetry with a $\sinϕ_S$ modulation in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. Particularly, we consider the case in which the transverse momentum of the final state hadron is integrated out. Thus, the asymmetry is merely contributed by the coupling of the transversity distribution function $h_1(x)$ and the twist-3 collinear fragmentation function $\tilde{H}(z)$. Using the available parametrization of $h_1(x)$ from SIDIS data and the recent extracted result for $\tilde{H}(z)$, we predict the $\sinϕ_S$ asymmetry for charged and neutral pion production at an Electron Ion Collider. We find that the asymmetry is sizable and could be measured. We also study the impact of the leading-order QCD evolution effect and find that it affects the $\sinϕ_S$ asymmetry at EIC considerably.
description: version published in PRD
Spectral characterization of weak coherent state sources based on two-photon interference
Creators: name: da Silva, Thiago Ferreira
name: Amaral, Gustavo C. do
name: Vitoreti, Douglas
name: Temporão, Guilherme P.
name: von der Weid, Jean Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method for characterizing the coherence function of coherent states based on two-photon interference. Two states from frequency mismatched faint laser sources are fed into a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and the interference pattern is fitted with the presented theoretical model for the quantum beat. The fitting parameters are compared to the classical optical beat when bright versions of the sources are used. The results show the equivalence between both techniques.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Jacobi multipliers, non-local symmetries and nonlinear oscillators
Creators: name: Cariñena, J. F.
name: de Lucas, J.
name: Rañada, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34A26 (primary) 34A34 and 53Z05 (secondary)

description: Constants of motion, Lagrangians and Hamiltonians admitted by a family of relevant nonlinear oscillators are derived using a geometric formalism. The theory of the Jacobi last multiplier allows us to find Lagrangian descriptions and constants of the motion. An application of the jet bundle formulation of symmetries of differential equations is presented in the second part of the paper. After a short review of the general formalism, the particular case of non-local symmetries is studied in detail by making use of an extended formalism. The theory is related to some results previously obtained by Krasil'shchi, Vinogradov and coworkers. Finally the existence of non-local symmetries for such two nonlinear oscillators is proved.
description: 20 pages
Individuals motivated to participate in adherence, care and treatment (imPACT): development of a multi-component intervention to help HIV-infected recently incarcerated individuals link and adhere to HIV care
Creators: name: Pence, Brian
name: Bradley-Bull, Steve
name: Fray, Niasha
name: White, Becky
name: Rosen, David L
name: Amola, Kemi
name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Groves, Jennifer
name: Wohl, David
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background Policy-makers promote a seek, test, treat and retain (STTR) strategy to expand HIV testing, support linkage and engagement in care, and enhance the continuous use of antiretroviral therapy for those HIV-infected. This HIV prevention strategy is particularly appropriate in correctional settings where HIV screening and treatment are routinely available yet many HIV-infected individuals have difficulty sustaining sufficient linkage and engagement in care, disease management, and viral suppression after prison release. Methods/design Our research team developed Project imPACT (individuals motivated to Participate in Adherence, Care and Treatment), a multi-component approach for HIV-Infected recently incarcerated individuals that specifically targets their care linkage, retention, and medication adherence by addressing multiple barriers to care engagement after release. The ultimate goals of this intervention are to improve the health of HIV-infected individuals recently released from prison and reduce HIV transmission to their communities by maintaining viral suppression. This paper describes the intervention and technology development processes, based on best practices for intervention development and process evaluation. These processes included: 1) identifying the target population; 2) clarifying the theoretical basis for intervention design; 3) describing features of its foundational interventions; 4) conducting formative qualitative research; 5) integrating and adapting foundational interventions to create and refine intervention content based on target audience feedback. These stages along with the final intervention product are described in detail. The intervention is currently being evaluation and a two arm randomized, controlled trial in two US state prison systems. Discussion Based on a literature review, qualitative research, integration of proven interventions and behavioral theory, the final imPACT intervention focused on the transition period two to three months before and three months after prison release. It emphasized pre-release readiness, pre- and post-release supportive non-judgmental counseling, linking individuals to a HIV care clinic and technological supports through videos and text messages. This article provides a useful model for how researchers can develop, test, and refine multi-component interventions to address HIV care linkage, retention and adherence. Clinical trial registration NCT01629316, first registered 6-4-2012; last updated 6-9-2015.
Feature-preserving interpolation and filtering of environmental time series
Creators: name: Mariethoz, Gregoire
name: Linde, Niklas
name: Jougnot, Damien
name: Rezaee, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for filling gaps and removing interferences in time series for applications involving continuous monitoring of environmental variables. The approach is non-parametric and based on an iterative pattern-matching between the affected and the valid parts of the time series. It considers several variables jointly in the pattern matching process and allows preserving linear or non-linear dependences between variables. The uncertainty in the reconstructed time series is quantified through multiple realizations. The method is tested on self-potential data that are affected by strong interferences as well as data gaps, and the results show that our approach allows reproducing the spectral features of the original signal. Even in the presence of intense signal perturbations, it significantly improves the signal and corrects bias introduced by asymmetrical interferences. Potential applications are wide-ranging, including geophysics, meteorology and hydrology.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Quantification of the whole-body burden of radiographic osteoarthritis using factor analysis
Creators: name: Nelson, Amanda E
name: Renner, Jordan B
name: DeVellis, Robert F.
name: Schwartz, Todd
name: Jordan, Joanne
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Introduction Although osteoarthritis (OA) commonly involves multiple joints, no widely accepted method for quantifying whole-body OA burden exists. Therefore, our aim was to apply factor analytic methods to radiographic OA (rOA) grades across multiple joint sites, representing both presence and severity, to quantify the burden of rOA. Methods We used cross-sectional data from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. The sample (n = 2092) had a mean age of 65 ± 11 years, body mass index (BMI) 31 ± 7 kg/m2, with 33% men and 34% African Americans. A single expert reader (intra-rater κ = 0.89) provided radiographic grades based on standard atlases for the hands (30 joints, including bilateral distal and proximal interphalangeal [IP], thumb IP, metacarpophalangeal [MCP] and carpometacarpal [CMC] joints), knees (patellofemoral and tibiofemoral, 4 joints), hips (2 joints), and spine (5 levels [L1/2 to L5/S1]). All grades were entered into an exploratory common factor analysis as continuous variables. Stratified factor analyses were used to look for differences by gender, race, age, and cohort subgroups. Results Four factors were identified as follows: IP/CMC factor (20 joints), MCP factor (8 joints), Knee factor (4 joints), Spine factor (5 levels). These factors had high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α range 0.80 to 0.95), were not collapsible into a single factor, and had moderate between-factor correlations (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.24 to 0.44). There were no major differences in factor structure when stratified by subgroup. Conclusions The 4 factors obtained in this analysis indicate that the variables contained within each factor share an underlying cause, but the 4 factors are distinct, suggesting that combining these joint sites into one overall measure is not appropriate. Using such factors to reflect multi-joint rOA in statistical models can reduce the number of variables needed and increase precision.
High order finite difference methods for the wave equation with non-conforming grid interfaces
Creators: name: Wang, Siyang
name: Virta, Kristoffer
name: Kreiss, Gunilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 65M12, 65M15

description: We use high order finite difference methods to solve the wave equation in the second order form. The spatial discretization is performed by finite difference operators satisfying a summation-by-parts property. The focus of this work is on the numerical treatment of non-conforming grid interfaces. The interface conditions are imposed weakly by the simultaneous approximation term technique in combination with interface operators, which move the discrete solutions between the grids on the interface. In particular, we consider interpolation operators and projection operators. A norm-compatibility condition, which leads to stability for first order hyperbolic systems, does not suffice for second order wave equations. An extra constraint on the interface operators must be satisfied to derive an energy estimate for stability. We carry out eigenvalue analyses to investigate the additional constraint and how it is related to stability, and find that the projection operators have better stability properties than the interpolation operators. In addition, a truncation error analysis is performed to study the convergence property of the numerical schemes. In the numerical experiments, the stability and accuracy properties of the numerical schemes are further explored, and the practical usefulness of non-conforming grid interfaces is presented and discussed in two efficiency studies.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures
LEADER 7: cardiovascular risk profiles of US and European participants in the LEADER diabetes trial differ
Creators: name: Buse, John
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Aims To determine whether US and European participants in the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of cardiovascular outcome Results (LEADER) trial differ regarding risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Methods Baseline data, stratified for prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), were compared using multivariable logistic regression analysis to establish whether region is an independent determinant of achieved targets for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. Results Independent of CVD history, US participants were more often of non-White origin and had a longer history of type 2 diabetes, higher body weight, and higher baseline HbA1c. They had substantially lower systolic and diastolic BP, and a marginally lower LDL-cholesterol level. Fewer US participants were diagnosed with left ventricular dysfunction. In the largest group of patients, those with prior CVD and the highest cardiovascular risk, US participants were more often female, had a higher waist circumference, and had a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, but less frequently prior myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. Conclusions There were baseline differences between US and European participants. These differences may result from variation in regional targets for cardiovascular risk factor management, and should be considered in the analysis and reporting of the trial results. Clinical trial identifier: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01179048
Quantum Walk Search on Johnson Graphs
Creators: name: Wong, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Johnson graph $J(n,k)$ is defined by $n$ symbols, where vertices are $k$-element subsets of the symbols, and vertices are adjacent if they differ in exactly one symbol. In particular, $J(n,1)$ is the complete graph $K_n$, and $J(n,2)$ is the strongly regular triangular graph $T_n$, both of which are known to support fast spatial search by continuous-time quantum walk. In this paper, we prove that $J(n,3)$, which is the $n$-tetrahedral graph, also supports fast search. In the process, we show that a change of basis is needed for degenerate perturbation theory to accurately describe the dynamics. This method can also be applied to general Johnson graphs $J(n,k)$ with fixed $k$.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Comparative genomic analyses identify common molecular pathways modulated upon exposure to low doses of arsenic and cadmium
Creators: name: Smeester, Lisa
name: Fry, Rebecca
name: Benton, Margaret
name: Rager, Julia E
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Background Exposure to the toxic metals arsenic and cadmium is associated with detrimental health effects including cancers of various organs. While arsenic and cadmium are well known to cause adverse health effects at high doses, the molecular impact resulting from exposure to environmentally relevant doses of these metals remains largely unexplored. Results In this study, we examined the effects of in vitro exposure to either arsenic or cadmium in human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells using genomics and systems level pathway mapping approaches. A total of 167 genes with differential expression were identified following exposure to either metal with surprisingly no overlap between the two. Real-time PCR was used to confirm target gene expression changes. The gene sets were overlaid onto protein-protein interaction maps to identify metal-induced transcriptional networks. Interestingly, both metal-induced networks were significantly enriched for proteins involved in common biological processes such as tumorigenesis, inflammation, and cell signaling. These findings were further supported by gene set enrichment analysis. Conclusions This study is the first to compare the transcriptional responses induced by low dose exposure to cadmium and arsenic in human lymphoblastoid cells. These results highlight that even at low levels of exposure both metals can dramatically influence the expression of important cellular pathways.
Short-range correlations in nuclei with similarity renormalization group transformations
Creators: name: Neff, Thomas
name: Feldmeier, Hans
name: Horiuchi, Wataru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $\mathbf{Background:}$ Realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions induce short-range correlations in nuclei. To solve the many-body problem unitary transformations like the similarity renormalization group (SRG) are often used to soften the interactions. $\mathbf{Purpose:}$ Two-body densities can be used to illustrate how the SRG eliminates short-range correlations in the wave function. The short-range information can however be recovered by transforming the density operators. $\mathbf{Method:}$ The many-body problem is solved for $^4$He in the no core shell model (NCSM) with SRG transformed AV8' and chiral N3LO interactions. The NCSM wave functions are used to calculate two-body densities with bare and SRG transformed density operators in two-body approximation. $\mathbf{Results:}$ The two-body momentum distributions for AV8' and N3LO have similar high-momentum components up to relative momenta of about $2.5\,\mathrm{fm}^{-1}$, dominated by tensor correlations, but differ in their behavior at higher relative momenta. The contributions of many-body correlations are small for pairs with vanishing pair momentum but not negligible for the momentum distributions integrated over all pair momenta. Many-body correlations are induced by the strong tensor force and lead to a reshuffling of pairs between different spin-isospin channels. $\mathbf{Conclusions:}$ When using the SRG it is essential to use transformed operators for observables sensitive to short-range physics. Back-to-back pairs with vanishing pair momentum are the best tool to study short-range correlations.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Association between mammographic density and basal-like and luminal A breast cancer subtypes
Creators: name: Millikan, Robert C.
name: Yankaskas, Bonnie C
name: Olshan, Andrew
name: Troester, Melissa
name: Razzaghi, Hilda
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract: Introduction: Mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer overall, but few studies have examined the association between mammographic density and specific subtypes of breast cancer, especially aggressive basal-like breast cancers. Because basal-like breast cancers are less frequently screen-detected, it is important to understand how mammographic density relates to risk of basal-like breast cancer. Methods: We estimated associations between mammographic density and breast cancer risk according to breast cancer subtype. Cases and controls were participants in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (CBCS) who also had mammograms recorded in the Carolina Mammography Registry (CMR). A total of 491 cases had mammograms within five years prior to and one year after diagnosis and 528 controls had screening or diagnostic mammograms close to the dates of selection into CBCS. Mammographic density was reported to the CMR using Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 1 and 2 (HER1 and HER2), and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) were assessed by immunohistochemistry and dichotomized as positive or negative, with ER+ and/or PR+, and HER2- tumors classified as luminal A and ER-, PR-, HER2-, HER1+ and/or CK5/6+ tumors classified as basal-like breast cancer. Triple negative tumors were defined as negative for ER, PR and HER2. Of the 491 cases 175 were missing information on subtypes; the remaining cases included 181 luminal A, 17 luminal B, 48 basal-like, 29 ER-/PR-/HER2+, and 41 unclassified subtypes. Odds ratios comparing each subtype to all controls and case-case odds ratios comparing mammographic density distributions in basal-like to luminal A breast cancers were estimated using logistic regression. Results: Mammographic density was associated with increased risk of both luminal A and basal-like breast cancers, although estimates were imprecise. The magnitude of the odds ratio associated with mammographic density was not substantially different between basal-like and luminal A cancers in case–control analyses and case-case analyses (case-case OR = 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 0.30, 3.84)). Conclusions: These results suggest that risk estimates associated with mammographic density are not distinct for separate breast cancer subtypes (basal-like/triple negative vs. luminal A breast cancers). Studies with a larger number of basal-like breast cancers are needed to confirm our findings.
Vitalum study design: RCT evaluating the efficacy of tailored print communication and telephone motivational interviewing on multiple health behaviors
Creators: name: Campbell, Marci
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Background A large proportion of adults fail to meet public health guidelines for physical activity as well as fruit, vegetable and fat intake. Interventions are needed to improve these health behaviors. Both computer tailoring and motivational interviewing have shown themselves to be promising techniques for health behavior change. The Vitalum project aims to compare the efficacy of these techniques in improving the health behaviors of adults aged 45–70. This paper describes the design of the Vitalum study. Methods/Design Dutch general medical practices (N = 23) were recruited via a registration network or by personal invitation. The participants were then enrolled through these general practices using an invitational letter. They (n = 2,881) received a written baseline questionnaire to assess health behaviors, and potential psychosocial and socio-demographic behavioral determinants. A power analysis indicated that 1,600 participants who were failing to meet the guidelines for physical activity and either fruit or vegetable consumption were needed. Eligible participants were stratified based on hypertension status and randomized into one of four intervention groups: tailored print communication, telephone motivational interviewing, combined, and control. The first two groups either received four letters or took part in four interviews, whereas the combined group received two letters and took part in two interviews in turns at 5, 13, 30 and 43 weeks after returning the baseline questionnaire. Each letter and interview focused on physical activity or nutrition behavior. The participants also took part in a telephone survey 25 weeks after baseline to gather new information for tailoring. There were two follow-up questionnaires, at 47 and 73 weeks after baseline, to measure short- and long-term effects. The control group received a tailored letter after the last posttest. The process, efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the interventions will be examined by means of multilevel mixed regression, cost-effectiveness analyses and process evaluation. Discussion The Vitalum study simultaneously evaluates the efficacy of tailored print communication and telephone motivational interviewing, and their combined use for multiple behaviors and people with different motivational stages and education levels. The results can be used by policymakers to contribute to evidence-based prevention of chronic diseases. Trial Registration Dutch Trial Register NTR1068
Spin-Cherenkov effect in a magnetic nanostrip with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Xia, Jing
name: Zhang, Xichao
name: Yan, Ming
name: Zhao, Weisheng
name: Zhou, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-Cherenkov effect enables strong excitations of spin waves (SWs) with nonlinear wave dispersions. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) results in anisotropy and nonreciprocity of SWs propagation. In this work, we study the effect of the interfacial DMI on SW Cherenkov excitations in permalloy thin-film strips within the framework of micromagnetism. By performing micromagnetic simulations, it is shown that coherent SWs are excited when the velocity of a moving magnetic source exceeds the propagation velocity of the SWs. Moreover, the threshold velocity of the moving magnetic source with finite DMI can be reduced compared to the case of zero DMI. It thereby provides a promising route towards efficient SW generation and propagation, with potential applications in spintronic and magnonic devices.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. To be published in Scientific Reports
Development and evaluation of a new survey instrument to measure the quality of colorectal cancer screening decisions
Creators: name: Pignone, Michael
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening recommend that patients be informed about options and be able to select preferred method of screening; however, there are no existing measures available to assess whether this happens. Methods Colorectal Cancer Screening Decision Quality Instrument (CRC-DQI) includes knowledge items and patients' goals and concerns. Items were generated through literature review and qualitative work with patients and providers. Hypotheses relating to the acceptability, feasibility, discriminant validity and retest reliability of the survey were examined using data from three studies: (1) 2X2 randomized study of participants recruited online, (2) cross-sectional sample of patients recruited in community health clinics, and (3) cross-sectional sample of providers recruited from American Medical Association Master file. Results 338 participants were recruited online, 94 participants were recruited from community health centers, and 115 physicians were recruited. The CRC-DQI was feasible and acceptable with low missing data and high response rates for both online and paper-based administrations. The knowledge score was able to discriminate between those who had seen a decision aid or not (84% vs. 64%, p < 0.001) and between providers, online patients and clinic patients (89% vs. 74% vs. 41%, p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The knowledge score and most of the goals had adequate retest reliability. About half of the participants received a test that matched their goals (47% and 51% in online and clinic samples respectively). Many respondents who had never been screened had goals that indicated a preference for colonoscopy. A minority of respondents in the online (21%) and in clinic (2%) samples were both well informed and received a test that matched their goals. Conclusions The CRC-DQI demonstrated good psychometric properties in diverse samples, and across different modes of administration. Few respondents made high quality decisions about colon cancer screening.
How do pet ownership and feeling frustrated affect empathy levels?
Creators: name: רייצפלד, יעל
name: Rosen, Amit
name: kfir, coral
name: team, TAU
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This is the pre registration of our experiment in "Experimental Psychology".
Low-emittance storage rings
Creators: name: Wolski, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of synchrotron radiation on particle motion in storage rings are discussed. In the absence of radiation, particle motion is symplectic, and the beam emittances are conserved. The inclusion of radiation effects in a classical approximation leads to emittance damping: expressions for the damping times are derived. Then, it is shown that quantum radiation effects lead to excitation of the beam emittances. General expressions for the equilibrium longitudinal and horizontal (natural) emittances are derived. The impact of lattice design on the natural emittance is discussed, with particular attention to the special cases of FODO, achromat, and TME style lattices. Finally, the effects of betatron coupling and vertical dispersion (generated by magnet alignment and lattice tuning errors) on the vertical emittance are considered.
description: Presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2013: Advanced Accelerator Physics Course, Trondheim, Norway, 18-29 August 2013