cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Seasonal variation in North American level crossing crash rates is due to weather, not day length
Creators: name: Henderson, Steven
name: Millen, Anthony
name: Rudin-Brown, Christina M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Collisions between road vehicles and trains at level (grade) crossings can be devastating. Injury and economic considerations make prevention efforts of significant interest to society at all levels, and raise important safety concerns. Improving our understanding of the nature and pattern of crashes at level crossings can help inform a variety of types of safety mitigation strategies, including public education, crossing equipment and vehicle design efforts. To this end, a database search of Canadian level crossing crashes for the 11-year period between 2007 and 2017 was conducted to confirm a previously identified seasonal variation in the frequency of level crossing crashes. To determine whether the observed winter increase in crashes was due primarily to winter reductions in light levels/day length or to other seasonal weather factors, a subsequent comparison of Canadian data to American Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) crash data was carried out. A separate inferential log-linear model analysis, using season, time of day and crossing protection type, was also used to explore the increase. As expected, the average rate of crossing collisions in Canada increased during winter months compared to non-winter months. While the seasonal pattern was evident in those U.S. states that experience significant changes in weather patterns (i.e., northern states), it was almost completely absent in those states that do not (i.e., southern states). The log-linear model analysis confirmed these findings. The seasonal variation in North American level crossing crash rate is a result of winter weather conditions, rather than differences in light levels. Future research is planned that will elucidate the specific environmental and human factors contributing to the increase.
Bio-Engineering Vaccinia Viruses for Increased Oncolytic Potential
Creators: name: Pelin, Adrian
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2019
Subjects: Vaccinia
Oncolytic Virus

description: Vaccinia virus has a large and still incompletely understood genome although several strains of this virus are already in clinical development. For the most part, clinical candidates have been attenuated from their wild type vaccine strains through deletion of metabolic genes like the viral thymidine kinase gene. In the present work, we thoroughly examined the genetic elements of vaccinia which could be modulated to improve tailor the virus as a cancer therapeutic. Using a variety of cancer cell lines and primary tumor explants, we performed a fitness assay that directly compares multiple wild-type Vaccinia strains to identify the genetic elements that together create an optimal “oncolytic engine”. Using a transposon insertion strategy and deep sequencing of viral populations we systematically examined Vaccinia genes that do or do not play a role in the therapeutic activity of the virus. Our studies allowed us to identify a variety of genes in the vaccinia genome that when deleted, augment the oncolytic activity of a newly engineered Vaccinia virus. In the context of this thesis, I define enhanced oncolytic activity as superior therapeutic activity, increased immunogenicity and an improved safety profile, all aspects which we used to compare this novel virus to Vaccinia viruses currently in the clinic.
Condensation of free volume in structures of nematic and hexatic liquid crystals
Creators: name: Mandle, Richard J
name: Stock, Nina
name: Cowling, Stephen J
name: Parker, Rachel R
name: Hart, Sam
name: Whitwood, Adrian C
name: Goodby, John W
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Eight novel liquid crystalline materials were prepared containing highly branched terminal chains, either 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl or 3,5,5-trimethylhexyl. All materials exhibit nematic mesophases, with additional smectic (Sm) C, hexatic B and SmI phases for certain homologues. Analysis by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering reveals continual build-up of the correlation length within the nematic phases, where we also observe splitting of the small angle peak into four lobes, indicating pretransitional Sm fluctuations. Connoscopy confirms the nematic phase to be uniaxial and optically positive. We observe that in the solid state, the molecules exist as staggered antiparallel pairs as a consequence of the sterically demanding bulky terminal group, and this would also appear to manifest in the hexatic B phase, where the layer spacing was found to be greater than the molecular length. If true, this is an example of pair formation driven by sterics rather than dipole–dipole interactions and suggests that reentrant systems driven purely by steric frustration may be found.
The 21cm Absorption Line and Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter Model
Creators: name: Lawson, K.
name: Zhitnitsky, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that dark matter in the form of macroscopically large nuggets of standard model quarks and antiquarks can help to alleviate the tension between standard model cosmology and the recent EDGES observation of a stronger than anticipated 21 cm absorption feature. The effect occurs as a result of the thermal emission from quark nugget dark matter at early times and at energies well below the peak of the CMB. Similar radiation at early times may also contribute a fraction of the GHz range excess observed by ARCADE2.
description: Version accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe
PC-JeDi: Diffusion for Particle Cloud Generation in High Energy Physics
Creators: name: Leigh, Matthew
name: Sengupta, Debajyoti
name: Quétant, Guillaume
name: Raine, John Andrew
name: Zoch, Knut
name: Golling, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new method to efficiently generate jets in High Energy Physics called PC-JeDi. This method utilises score-based diffusion models in conjunction with transformers which are well suited to the task of generating jets as particle clouds due to their permutation equivariance. PC-JeDi achieves competitive performance with current state-of-the-art methods across several metrics that evaluate the quality of the generated jets. Although slower than other models, due to the large number of forward passes required by diffusion models, it is still substantially faster than traditional detailed simulation. Furthermore, PC-JeDi uses conditional generation to produce jets with a desired mass and transverse momentum for two different particles, top quarks and gluons.
description: 30 pages, 25 figures, 5 tables
Hydrodynamic modeling of granular flows in a modified Couette cell
Creators: name: Jop, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present simulations of granular flows in a modified Couette cell, using a continuum model recently proposed for dense granular flows. Based on a friction coefficient, which depends on an inertial number, the model captures the positions of the wide shear bands. We show that a smooth transition in velocity-profile shape occurs when increasing the height of the granular material, leading to a differential rotation of the central part close to the surface. The numerical predictions are in qualitative agreement with previous experimental results. The model provides predictions for the increase of the shear bands width when increasing the rotation rate.
description: 4 pages
title: ADCO, Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515) (11 H 1162), f. 00465
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: comptes
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1162). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Ordre cistercien : comptes (1499-1515), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1162), f. 00465, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Guessing the output of a stationary binary time series
Creators: name: Morvai, Gusztav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The forward prediction problem for a binary time series $\{X_n\}_{n=0}^{\infty}$ is to estimate the probability that $X_{n+1}=1$ based on the observations $X_i$, $0\le i\le n$ without prior knowledge of the distribution of the process $\{X_n\}$. It is known that this is not possible if one estimates at all values of $n$. We present a simple procedure which will attempt to make such a prediction infinitely often at carefully selected stopping times chosen by the algorithm. The growth rate of the stopping times is also exhibited.
Mechanical detection of carbon nanotube resonator vibrations
Creators: name: Garcia-Sanchez, D.
name: Paulo, A. San
name: Esplandiu, M. J.
name: Perez-Murano, F.
name: Forro, L.
name: Aguasca, A.
name: Bachtold, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bending-mode vibrations of carbon nanotube resonator devices were mechanically detected in air at atmospheric pressure by means of a novel scanning force microscopy method. The fundamental and higher order bending eigenmodes were imaged at up to 3.1GHz with sub-nanometer resolution in vibration amplitude. The resonance frequency and the eigenmode shape of multi-wall nanotubes are consistent with the elastic beam theory for a doubly clamped beam. For single-wall nanotubes, however, resonance frequencies are significantly shifted, which is attributed to fabrication generating, for example, slack. The effect of slack is studied by pulling down the tube with the tip, which drastically reduces the resonance frequency.
Android Multi-Level System Permission Management Approach
Creators: name: Luo, Yang
name: Zhang, Qixun
name: Shen, Qingni
name: Liu, Hongzhi
name: Wu, Zhonghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the expansion of the market share occupied by the Android platform, security issues (especially application security) have become attention focus of researchers. In fact, the existing methods lack the capabilities to manage application permissions without root privilege. This study proposes a dynamic management mechanism of Android application permissions based on security policies. The paper first describes the permissions by security policies, then implementes permission checking code and request evaluation algorithm in Android framework layer. Experimental results indicate that the presented approach succeeds in permission management of Android applications, and its system overhead is low, which makes it an effective method for Android permission management.
description: 9 pages, in Chinese, 3 figures
Extraordinary surface voltage effect in the invisibility cloak with an active device inside
Creators: name: Zhang, Baile
name: Chen, Hongsheng
name: Wu, Bae-Ian
name: Kong, Jin Au
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic field solution for a spherical invisibility cloak with an active device inside is established. Extraordinary electric and magnetic surface voltages are induced at the inner boundary of a spherical cloak, which prevent electromagnetic waves from going out. The phase and handness of polarized waves obliquely incident on such boundaries is kept in the reflected waves. The surface voltages due to an electric dipole inside the concealed region are found equal to the auxiliary scalar potentials at the inner boundary, which consequently gain physical counterparts in this case.
Extracting Accurate Materials Data from Research Papers with Conversational Language Models and Prompt Engineering
Creators: name: Polak, Maciej P.
name: Morgan, Dane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been a growing effort to replace manual extraction of data from research papers with automated data extraction based on natural language processing, language models, and recently, large language models (LLMs). Although these methods enable efficient extraction of data from large sets of research papers, they require a significant amount of up-front effort, expertise, and coding. In this work we propose the ChatExtract method that can fully automate very accurate data extraction with minimal initial effort and background, using an advanced conversational LLM. ChatExtract consists of a set of engineered prompts applied to a conversational LLM that both identify sentences with data, extract that data, and assure the data's correctness through a series of follow-up questions. These follow-up questions largely overcome known issues with LLMs providing factually inaccurate responses. ChatExtract can be applied with any conversational LLMs and yields very high quality data extraction. In tests on materials data we find precision and recall both close to 90% from the best conversational LLMs, like ChatGPT-4. We demonstrate that the exceptional performance is enabled by the information retention in a conversational model combined with purposeful redundancy and introducing uncertainty through follow-up prompts. These results suggest that approaches similar to ChatExtract, due to their simplicity, transferability, and accuracy are likely to become powerful tools for data extraction in the near future. Finally, databases for critical cooling rates of metallic glasses and yield strengths of high entropy alloys are developed using ChatExtract.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
The effect of hazard awareness training on teen drivers of varying socioeconomic status
Creators: name: Roberts, Shannon C.
name: Zhang, Fangda
name: Fisher, Donald
name: Vaca, Federico E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: To compare the effectiveness of the Risk Awareness and Perception Training (RAPT) program among teens of various socioeconomic status (SES). A secondary analysis was undertaken of data collected from 5036 teen participants for a study in 2011. They were randomly assigned to either receive RAPT or a placebo training. The total number of crashes (property damage only and injury) within the first 12 months after licensure was recorded. A Poisson regression model was employed to investigate the effectiveness of RAPT in terms of crash frequency among teens in different levels of SES, as measured by SES level (high or low) or poverty rate. Poverty rate was significantly associated with participants’ crash frequency within the first 12 months after licensure such that when poverty rate increased, the crash frequency increased. The interacting effect of poverty rate and training was also significant. When compared to participants who did not receive RAPT, participants who received RAPT had fewer crashes when poverty rate increased. The RAPT program attenuated the negative effect of teen drivers’ SES on crashes. No significant effect of sex or age was found, indicating that in terms of crashes, regardless of age or sex, RAPT is equally effective at reducing crashes for lower SES teens.
Exponential decay in a spin bath
Creators: name: Coish, W. A.
name: Fischer, Jan
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the coherence of an electron spin interacting with a bath of nuclear spins can exhibit a well-defined purely exponential decay for special (`narrowed') bath initial conditions in the presence of a strong applied magnetic field. This is in contrast to the typical case, where spin-bath dynamics have been investigated in the non-Markovian limit, giving super-exponential or power-law decay of correlation functions. We calculate the relevant decoherence time T_2 explicitly for free-induction decay and find a simple expression with dependence on bath polarization, magnetic field, the shape of the electron wave function, dimensionality, total nuclear spin I, and isotopic concentration for experimentally relevant heteronuclear spin systems.
description: 4+ pages, 3 figures; v2: 9 pages, 3 figures (added four appendices with extensive technical details, version to appear in Phys. Rev. B)
Additional file 9: of Integration of care for hypertension and diabetes: a scoping review assessing the evidence from systematic reviews and evaluating reporting
Creators: name: Yiu, Kristy
name: Rohwer, Anke
name: Young, Taryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Inter-rater reliability from risk of bias assessment using AMSTAR. Analysis of the degree of agreement between raters using the AMSTAR tool. (DOCX 13 kb)
Supernova rates from the Southern inTermediate Redshift ESO Supernova Search (STRESS)
Creators: name: Botticella, M. T.
name: Riello, M.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Altavilla, G.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Greggio, L.
name: Patat, F.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Zampieri, L.
name: Harutyunyan, A.
name: Pignata, G.
name: Taubenberger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To measure the supernova (SN) rates at intermediate redshift we performed the Southern inTermediate Redshift ESO Supernova Search (STRESS). Unlike most of the current high redshift SN searches, this survey was specifically designed to estimate the rate for both type Ia and core collapse (CC) SNe. We counted the SNe discovered in a selected galaxy sample measuring SN rate per unit blue band luminosity. Our analysis is based on a sample of ~43000 galaxies and on 25 spectroscopically confirmed SNe plus 64 selected SN candidates. Our approach is aimed at obtaining a direct comparison of the high redshift and local rates and at investigating the dependence of the rates on specific galaxy properties, most notably their colour. The type Ia SN rate, at mean redshift z=0.3, amounts to 0.22^{+0.10+0.16}_{-0.08 -0.14} h_{70}^2 SNu, while the CC SN rate, at z=0.21, is 0.82^{+0.31 +0.30}_{-0.24 -0.26} h_{70}^2 SNu. The quoted errors are the statistical and systematic uncertainties. With respect to local value, the CC SN rate at z=0.2 is higher by a factor of ~2 already at redshift, whereas the type Ia SN rate remains almost constant. This implies that a significant fraction of SN Ia progenitors has a lifetime longer than 2-3 Gyr. We also measured the SN rates in the red and blue galaxies and found that the SN Ia rate seems to be constant in galaxies of different colour, whereas the CC SN rate seems to peak in blue galaxies, as in the local Universe. SN rates per unit volume were found to be consistent with other measurements showing a steeper evolution with redshift for CC SNe with respect to SNe Ia. Finally we have exploited the link between star formation (SF) and SN rates to predict the evolutionary behaviour of the SN rates and compare it with the path indicated by observations.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 25 pages (including on line material), 13 figures
Ultrafast spin initialization in a gated InSb nanowire quantum dots
Creators: name: Bednarek, S.
name: Pawłowski, J.
name: Górski, M.
name: Skowron, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a fast and accurate spin initialization method for a single electron trapped in an electrostatic quantum dot. The dot is created in a nanodevice composed of a catalytically grown indium antimonide (InSb) nanowire and nearby gates to which control voltages are applied. Initially we insert a single electron of arbitrary spin into the wire. Operations on spin are performed using the Rashba spin-orbit interaction induced by an electric field. First, a single pulse of voltages applied to lateral gates is used to split the electron wavepacket into two parts with opposite spin orientations. Next, another voltage pulse applied to the remaining gates rotates spins of both parts in opposite directions by $π/2$. This way, initially opposite spin parts eventually point in the same direction, along the axis of the quantum wire. We thus set spin in a predefined direction regardless of its initial orientation. This is achieved in time less than $60\,\mathrm{ps}$ without the use of microwaves, photons or external magnetic fields.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Evaluation of the effectiveness of vehicle roll stability control (RSC) for high center of gravity light passenger vehicles in Australasia
Creators: name: Keall, Michael D.
name: Newstead, Stuart
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Rollover crashes, which occur when the vehicle’s side or roof makes impact with the ground, present particularly serious injury risk. Higher rollover risk has been found for high riding vehicles – those with a relatively high center of gravity compared to the width of the wheel track. Electronic Stability Control (ESC), which automatically applies brakes to individual wheels and reduces engine power to help drivers regain control when traction is lost, has been shown to be effective in preventing a proportion of rollovers. A newer safety technology, Roll Stability Control (RSC), uses similar technology aimed specifically to reduce rollover risk. This study sought to estimate rollover crash rates associated with the fitment of RSC compared to non-fitment for high center of gravity (CG) light passenger vehicles using an induced exposure analysis. Police-recorded Australasian crash data were studied for the years 2008-2017. A quasi-induced exposure analysis was restricted to vehicles already equipped with ESC as vehicles fitted with RSC always have ESC fitted. Rollover risk associated with RSC fitment was assessed, controlling for year of crash, speed limit at crash location, year of vehicle manufacture, vehicle market group, driver age, driver gender and jurisdiction identifier. The analysis found a statistically significant rollover risk ratio of 0.76 (95% CI 0.62-0.93), representing a 24% reduction in rollover risk, associated with RSC fitment for vehicles manufactured between 2008 and 2017. Analysis by particular market groups found significant risk ratio reductions for commercial utilities and large SUVs, but not for the other high CG market groups individually. These results suggest that RSC is a highly effective safety feature for high CG vehicles. Fleet data from Australia and New Zealand showed declining rates of RSC fitment over recent years for SUVs, meaning the potential road safety benefits of the technology are not being fully realized.
Numerical Relativity and the Discovery of Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Eisenstein, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solving Einstein's equations precisely for strong-field gravitational systems is essential to determining the full physics content of gravitational wave detections. Without these solutions it is not possible to infer precise values for initial and final-state system parameters. Obtaining these solutions requires extensive numerical simulations, as Einstein's equations governing these systems are much too difficult to solve analytically. These difficulties arise principally from the curved, non-linear nature of spacetime in general relativity. Developing the numerical capabilities needed to produce reliable, efficient calculations has required a Herculean 50-year effort involving hundreds of researchers using sophisticated physical insight, algorithm development, computational technique and computers that are a billion times more capable than they were in 1964 when computations were first attempted. My purpose is to give an accessible overview for non-experts of the major developments that have made such dramatic progress possible.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Discourse-Aware Rumour Stance Classification in Social Media Using Sequential Classifiers
Creators: name: Zubiaga, Arkaitz
name: Kochkina, Elena
name: Liakata, Maria
name: Procter, Rob
name: Lukasik, Michal
name: Bontcheva, Kalina
name: Cohn, Trevor
name: Augenstein, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rumour stance classification, defined as classifying the stance of specific social media posts into one of supporting, denying, querying or commenting on an earlier post, is becoming of increasing interest to researchers. While most previous work has focused on using individual tweets as classifier inputs, here we report on the performance of sequential classifiers that exploit the discourse features inherent in social media interactions or 'conversational threads'. Testing the effectiveness of four sequential classifiers -- Hawkes Processes, Linear-Chain Conditional Random Fields (Linear CRF), Tree-Structured Conditional Random Fields (Tree CRF) and Long Short Term Memory networks (LSTM) -- on eight datasets associated with breaking news stories, and looking at different types of local and contextual features, our work sheds new light on the development of accurate stance classifiers. We show that sequential classifiers that exploit the use of discourse properties in social media conversations while using only local features, outperform non-sequential classifiers. Furthermore, we show that LSTM using a reduced set of features can outperform the other sequential classifiers; this performance is consistent across datasets and across types of stances. To conclude, our work also analyses the different features under study, identifying those that best help characterise and distinguish between stances, such as supporting tweets being more likely to be accompanied by evidence than denying tweets. We also set forth a number of directions for future research.
Automated Design of Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Survey
Creators: name: Zhao, Qi
name: Duan, Qiqi
name: Yan, Bai
name: Cheng, Shi
name: Shi, Yuhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Metaheuristics have gained great success in academia and practice because their search logic can be applied to any problem with available solution representation, solution quality evaluation, and certain notions of locality. Manually designing metaheuristic algorithms for solving a target problem is criticized for being laborious, error-prone, and requiring intensive specialized knowledge. This gives rise to increasing interest in automated design of metaheuristic algorithms. With computing power to fully explore potential design choices, the automated design could reach and even surpass human-level design and could make high-performance algorithms accessible to a much wider range of researchers and practitioners. This paper presents a broad picture of automated design of metaheuristic algorithms, by conducting a survey on the common grounds and representative techniques in terms of design space, design strategies, performance evaluation strategies, and target problems in this field.
Spontaneous emission and atomic line shift in causal perturbation theory
Creators: name: Marzlin, Karl-Peter
name: Fitzgerald, Bryce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive spontaneous emission rate and line shift for two-level atoms coupled to the radiation field using causal perturbation theory. In this approach, employing the theory of distribution splitting prevents the occurrence of divergent integrals. Our method confirms the result for atomic decay rate but suggests that the cutoff frequency for the atomic line shift is determined by the atomic mass, rather than Bohr radius or electron mass.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Gravitational waves from compact binaries inspiralling along post-Newtonian accurate eccentric orbits: Data analysis implications
Creators: name: Tessmer, M.
name: Gopakumar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binaries inspiralling along eccentric orbits are plausible gravitational wave (GW) sources for the ground-based laser interferometers. We explore the losses in the event rates incurred when searching for GWs from compact binaries inspiralling along post-Newtonian accurate eccentric orbits with certain obvious non-optimal search templates. For the present analysis, GW signals having 2.5 post-Newtonian accurate orbital evolution are modeled following the phasing formalism, presented in [T. Damour, A. Gopakumar, and B. R. Iyer, Phys. Rev. D \textbf{70}, 064028 (2004)]. We demonstrate that the search templates that model in a gauge-invariant manner GWs from compact binaries inspiralling under qudrupolar radiation reaction along 2PN accurate circular orbits are very efficient in capturing our somewhat realistic GW signals. However, three types of search templates based on the adiabatic, complete adiabatic and gauge-dependent complete non-adiabatic approximants, detailed in [P. Ajith, B. R. Iyer, C. A. K. Robinson and B. S. Sathyaprakash, %``A new class of post-Newtonian approximants to the dynamics of inspiralling %compact binaries: Test-mass in the Schwarzschild spacetime,'' Phys. Rev. D {\bf 71}, 044029 (2005)], relevant for the circular inspiral under the qudrupolar radiation reaction were found to be inefficient in capturing the above mentioned eccentric signal. We conclude that further investigations will be required to probe the ability of various types of PN accurate circular templates, employed to analyze the LIGO/VIRGO data, to capture GWs from compact binaries having tiny orbital eccentricities.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 8: of Integration of care for hypertension and diabetes: a scoping review assessing the evidence from systematic reviews and evaluating reporting
Creators: name: Yiu, Kristy
name: Rohwer, Anke
name: Young, Taryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Inter-rater reliability from risk of bias assessment using ROBIS. Analysis of the degree of agreement between raters using the ROBIS tool. (DOCX 15 kb)
On the role of meridional flows in flux transport dynamo models
Creators: name: Jouve, L.
name: Brun, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sun is a magnetic star whose magnetism and cyclic activity is linked to the existence of an internal dynamo. We aim to understand the establishment of the solar magnetic 22-yr cycle, its associated butterfly diagram and field parity selection through numerical simulations of the solar global dynamo. Inspired by recent observations and 3D simulations that both exhibit multicellular flows in the solar convection zone, we seek to characterise the influence of various profiles of circulation on the behaviour of solar mean-field dynamo models. We are using 2-D mean field flux transport Babcock-Leighton numerical models in which we test several types of meridional flows: 1 large single cell, 2 cells in radius and 4 cells per hemisphere. We confirm that adding cells in latitude tends to speed up the dynamo cycle whereas adding cells in radius more than triples the period. We find that the cycle period in the four cells model is less sensitive to the flow speed than in the other simpler meridional circulation profiles studied. Moreover, our studies show that adding cells in radius or in latitude seems to favour the parity switching to a quadrupolar solution. According to our numerical models, the observed 22-yr cycle and dipolar parity is easily reproduced by models including multicellular meridional flows. On the contrary, the resulting butterfly diagram and phase relationship between the toroidal and poloidal fields are affected to a point where it is unlikely that such multicellular meridional flows persist for a long period of time inside the Sun, without having to reconsider the model itself.
description: 12 pages, 10 ps figures
Planck 2015 constraints on spatially-flat dynamical dark energy models
Creators: name: Ooba, Junpei
name: Ratra, Bharat
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine constraints on spatially-flat tilted dynamical dark energy XCDM and $ϕ$CDM inflation models by analyzing Planck 2015 cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy data and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) distance measurements. XCDM is a simple and widely used but physically inconsistent parameterization of dynamical dark energy, while the $ϕ$CDM model is a physically consistent one in which a scalar field $ϕ$ with an inverse power-law potential energy density powers the currently accelerating cosmological expansion. Both these models have one additional parameter compared to standard $Λ$CDM and both better fit the TT + lowP + lensing + BAO data than does the standard tilted flat-$Λ$CDM model, with $Δχ^2 = -1.26\ (-1.60)$ for the XCDM ($ϕ$CDM) model relative to the $Λ$CDM model. While this is a 1.1$σ$ (1.3$σ$) improvement over standard $Λ$CDM and so not significant, dynamical dark energy models cannot be ruled out. In addition, both dynamical dark energy models reduce the tension between the Planck 2015 CMB anisotropy and the weak lensing $σ_8$ constraints.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, ApSS in press. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.08617
Additional file 7: of Integration of care for hypertension and diabetes: a scoping review assessing the evidence from systematic reviews and evaluating reporting
Creators: name: Yiu, Kristy
name: Rohwer, Anke
name: Young, Taryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Matrix table of risk of bias items assessed in AMSTAR and ROBIS. Comparison of risk of bias items used in AMSTAR and ROBIS tools. (DOCX 13 kb)
title: In Microservices We Trust — Do Microservices Solve Resilience Challenges?
Creators: name: Hilbrich, Marcus
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microservice
subject: Resilience
subject: Concept
subject: Discussion

description: Resilience is an open challenge. In this paper we look into microservices – a concept that argues to be resilient. We look into the definition of microservices and argue whether the definition provides the promised advantages regarding to resilience.
Four-fermion production near the W-pair production threshold
Creators: name: Falgari, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I report on recent results for the total production cross section of the process e- e+ -> mu- nubar_mu u dbar X near the W-pair production threshold up to next-to-leading order in GammaW/MW alpha v^2 obtained in the framework of unstable-particle effective field theory. Remaining theoretical uncertainties and their impact on the experimental determination of the W mass are discussed.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections, October 1-5, 2007, Florence, Italy
title: Towards a Robust, Self-Organizing IoT Platform for Secure and Dependable Service Execution
Creators: name: Eichhammer, Philipp
name: Berger, Christian
name: Reiser, Hans P.
name: Domaschka, Jörg
name: Hauck, Franz J.
name: Habiger, Gerhard
name: Griesinger, Frank
name: Pietron, Jakob
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Internet-of-Things
subject: resilience
subject: middleware
subject: dependability
subject: security
subject: self-organization

description: In the IoT, resilience capabilities increasingly gain traction for applications, as IoT systems tend to play a bigger role for both the proper functioning of our society and the survivability of companies. However, hardening IoT service execution against a variety of possible faults and attacks becomes increasingly difficult as the complexity, size and heterogeneity of IoT infrastructures tend to grow further and further. Moreover, many existing solutions only regard either specific faults or security issues instead of following a unifying approach. In this position paper, we present our research project called SORRIR, which essentially is an approach to develop a self-organizing IoT platform for dependable and secure service execution. One of our main ambitions is to support developers by separating application development (app logic) from resilience properties, so that developers can configure a desired resilience degree without proper knowledge of underlying technical, implementation-level details of employed resilience mechanisms. Further, we consider security requirements and properties as an integral component of our platform.
Additional file 6: of Integration of care for hypertension and diabetes: a scoping review assessing the evidence from systematic reviews and evaluating reporting
Creators: name: Yiu, Kristy
name: Rohwer, Anke
name: Young, Taryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Matrix table of studies included in depression reviews. Matrix table of primary studies included in depression reviews. (DOCX 13 kb)
title: Creating Public Space: Counter-hegemonic voices in the social media age
Creators: name: Mubarak, Nada
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2022

description: The rise of independent public voices in a space unrestricted by physical means of coercion has arguably changed the dynamics of media power in Saudi Arabia. This study looks at dissenting counter-discourses on social media platforms that coincided with the Arab uprisings, proposing new framings in the areas of liberty, religion, women and the arts. Using 36 in-depth and semi-structured interviews, the study argues that social media has allowed multiple publics to emerge and contest the dominant ideology and its singular mode of thought into a world that recognises diversity, pluralism, creativity and civil engagement. This study also explores public perceptions of rising dissent through 10 focus groups in different regions of the Kingdom. These groups on the one hand have welcomed and supported dissent not only in privileged social circles but also amongst the less privileged young generation who have found in the internet an opportunity to network, change their thought and support critical voices. On the other hand, some groups highlight the extent to which the dominant ideology is woven into the social fabric, reflecting what people believe, how they think and the ways in which they actively work to reproduce the hegemonic narrative from a bottom-up perspective. The study concludes that even though social media has provided a space where dissent may be welcomed and supported, it has been equally neutralised by the internalisation of hegemony.
Randomized Projection Methods for Linear Systems with Arbitrarily Large Sparse Corruptions
Creators: name: Haddock, Jamie
name: Needell, Deanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65F10, 65F20, 65F22

description: In applications like medical imaging, error correction, and sensor networks, one needs to solve large-scale linear systems that may be corrupted by a small number of arbitrarily large corruptions. We consider solving such large-scale systems of linear equations $A\mathbf{x}=\mathbf{b}$ that are inconsistent due to corruptions in the measurement vector $\mathbf{b}$. With this as our motivating example, we develop an approach for this setting that allows detection of the corrupted entries and thus convergence to the "true" solution of the original system. We provide analytical justification for our approaches as well as experimental evidence on real and synthetic systems.
Gaussian kernels on non-simply-connected closed Riemannian manifolds are never positive definite
Creators: name: Li, Siran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 46E22, 46N30, 68R12, 62B11

description: We show that the Gaussian kernel $\exp\left\{-λd_g^2(\bullet, \bullet)\right\}$ on any non-simply-connected closed Riemannian manifold $(\mathcal{M},g)$, where $d_g$ is the geodesic distance, is not positive definite for any $λ> 0$, combining analyses in the recent preprint~[9] by Da Costa--Mostajeran--Ortega and classical comparison theorems in Riemannian geometry.
description: 9 pages
24M Dissemination/Communication Report
Creators: name: Glaskova-Kuzmina, Tatjana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: POSTDOC Latvia
24M dissemination/communication report

description: 24M Dissemination/communication report for POSTDOC project "Environmental effects on physical properties of smart composites and FRP modified by carbonaceous nanofillers for structural applications".
description: This work was financially supported by ERDF project No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/1/16/066 for the support of post-doctoral research "Environmental effects on physical properties of smart composites and fibre-reinforced plastics modified by carbonaceous nanofillers for structural applications".
Aplicación ensayo penetración estándar en la determinación de parámetros geotécnicos de suelos granulares
Creators: name: Soriano, Cristian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90501 Civil Geotechnical Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The present paper discusses general aspects of standard penetration test (SPT), in terms of the description of its implementation based on current specifications. Then are shown the correlations which can be used to obtain geotechnical parameters of granular soils. Finally is shown an example of applying these correlations for a particular drilling and the respective recommendations and limitations of the essay.
Additional file 5: of Integration of care for hypertension and diabetes: a scoping review assessing the evidence from systematic reviews and evaluating reporting
Creators: name: Yiu, Kristy
name: Rohwer, Anke
name: Young, Taryn
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Characteristics of excluded studies. List of excluded studies and reasons for exclusion. (DOCX 20 kb)
Unitary Dilations of Discrete-Time Quantum-Dynamical Semigroups
Creators: name: Ende, Frederik vom
name: Dirr, Gunther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the discrete-time evolution of an open quantum system generated by a single quantum channel $T$ can be embedded in the discrete-time evolution of an enlarged closed quantum system, i.e. we construct a unitary dilation of the discrete-time quantum-dynamical semigroup $(T^n)_{n \in \mathbb N_0}$. In the case of a cyclic channel $T$, the auxiliary space may be chosen (partially) finite-dimensional. We further investigate discrete-time quantum control systems generated by finitely many commuting quantum channels and prove a similar unitary dilation result as in the case of a single channel.
description: 32 pages, no figures