cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast photophysics of π-conjugated polymers and polythiophene/fullerene blends for organic photovoltaic applications
Creators: name: Singh, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Condensed matter physics
Optics

description: The present work reports studies of the ultrafast photoexcitations in various pristine n-conjugated polymers as well as compounds of polythiophene/fullerene blends, which act as the active layer of donor/acceptor in organic photovoltaic applications. The main technique used is the ultrafast (∼150 fs) transient photomodulation (PM) spectroscopy in the range of 0.25 to 2.5 eV using two different laser systems. In addition, two-photon-absorption and electroabsorption have also been complementary used. In organic photovoltaic studies, two different donor polymers namely, Regio-Regular-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RR-P3HT) that forms lamellae, and Regio-Random-poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RRa-P3HT) that forms lamellae with lesser extent have been compared. The transient PM measurement of the most efficient RR-P3HT/fullerene blend shows that the decay of exciton does not result in the generation of polarons in the donor and acceptor materials, as assumed by the present model of charge dissociation in photovoltaic devices. On the contrary, the decay of exciton fits very well to the build-up of charge-transfer (CT) state in the fullerene phase, which indicates the migration of the photoexcited exciton in the polymer phase to the fullerene nano-domains. The transient PM measurement of RRa-P3HT/fullerene blend, which does not form phase-separated nano-domains, shows the formation of a CT state at the interface following by ultrafast geminate recombination. The transient PM measurement of poly(phenylene-vinylene) (PPV) derivatives show that in 2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy) PPV (MEH-PPV) film there are two kinds of primary photoexcitations, namely, intrachain exciton and excimer, but only intra-chain exciton in other PPV derivative polymers. Furthermore the high-pressure study of MEHPPV film shows two kinds of polymer chain orders: isolated-chains and closely packed-chains. The high pressure mainly affects photoexcited excimers in the closely packed-chains. In contrast there is no pressure effect on the photogenerated intrachain excitons in the isolated-chains. The other π-conjugated polymers investigated in this dissertation are platinum(Pt)-containing conjugated polymers. The different parity excited states of these Pt-polymers are studied by electroabsorption and two-photon-absorption spectroscopies. These results show that, even after the incorporation of Pt atoms into the backbone of conjugated polymer, the behavior of the excited states is similar to regular π-conjugated polymers.
Status of Charm Flavor Physics
Creators: name: Shipsey, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of charm in testing the Standard Model description of quark mixing and CP violation through measurements of lifetimes, decay constants and semileptonic form factors is reviewed. Together with Lattice QCD, charm has the potential this decade to maximize the sensitivity of the entire flavor physics program to new physics. and pave the way for understanding physics beyond the Standard Model at the LHC in the coming decade. The status of indirect searches for physics beyond the Standard Model through charm mixing, CP-violation and rare decays is also reported.
description: 34 pages, 10 figures, For the Proceedings of the International Workshop on Discoveries in Flavour Physics, DIF06,, INFN-LNF, Frascati, 28 February - 3 March 2006
Understanding Information Needs and Designing Tools for Care Coordination of Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs (Cyshcn)
Creators: name: Ranade-Kharkar, Pallavi
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Public health
subject: Disability studies

description: Inadequate care coordination has been identified as a significant problem in patient care, resulting in diminished satisfaction, increased cost, and reduced quality of care. Comprising an estimated 15.6% (approximately 11 million) of the pediatric population, children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN) are "those who have or are at increased risk for a chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional condition and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally". Caring for CYSHCN is often highly complex, time-, effort-, and resource-intensive, due to complex healthcare conditions, comorbidities, and age of patients. Current electronic health record (EHR) and personal health record (PHR) systems do not adequately support the needs of care coordination. The reasons for this include lack of appropriate tools to support complex care coordination tasks, poor usability, and gaps in information essential for providing team-based patient care. The issues are further amplified while coordinating care for CYSHCN because their health records tend to be voluminous, involve a large care team, and are distributed over multiple systems typically with little to no interoperability. To develop tools that promote effective and efficient care coordination, designers must first understand what information is needed, who needs it, when they need it, and how it can be made available. Our first study focused on identifying and describing information needs and associated goals related to coordinating care for CYSHCN. We found that a critical information goal for care coordination is care networking, which includes building a patient's care team; knowing team member identities, roles, and contact information; and sharing pertinent information with the team to coordinate care. In our second study, we designed and developed two versions of a patient-, family-, and clinician-facing tool to support care networking. We then conducted a formative evaluation and compared the usability, usefulness, and efficiency of the two versions. To enable such tools to help with management of information critical to care coordination, information for care networking needs to be obtained from all information sources involved in the patient's care. In our third study, we identified and assessed prevalent and emerging national data standards to support electronic exchange and extraction of patient care team related data. The findings and innovations from this research are envisioned to help guide the design and development of next generation clinician- and patient-/family-facing applications to support care coordination of complex pediatric patients.
Two Industrial Cohorts: Factors Associated with Obesity and Cholesterol at Baseline and Follow-up
Creators: name: Ott, Ulrike
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Among the many health conditions that impact the health of workers are obesity and elevated total cholesterol. Considering the well demonstrated impacts obesity and increased TC levels have on occupational injuries and illnesses, as well as obesity-related health care costs for employers, we aim to address the paucity of literature regarding production workers in this regard. This dissertation uses data from two, multicenter occupational cohorts of production workers to address the current status of these health factors in this population, factors associated with these conditions, and readiness of production workers to reduce weight and total cholesterol. The prevalence of obesity (50.2%) among production workers is greater than is reported for the U.S. adult population (35.7%), and is twice as high as a recently reported prevalence for U.S. workers (27.7%). Considering an even lower prevalence of 22.5% for obesity in the state of Utah, these production workers represent an important target population for weight loss interventions. Results showed that most of the reported associations with increases in weight and TC levels are amenable to interventions and may be a target for workplace intervention programs.
Additional file 1 of HepaClear, a blood-based panel combining novel methylated CpG sites and protein markers, for the detection of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Bai, Yi
name: Xu, Juan
name: Li, Deqiang
name: Zhang, Xiaoyu
name: Chen, Dapeng
name: Xie, Fucun
name: Huang, Longmei
name: Yu, Xiaotian
name: Zhao, Haitao
name: Zhang, Yamin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially methylated CpG sites. Figure S2. Performance of 32 candidate CpG sites identified from methylome profiling data. Figure S3. Methylation levels of 10 candidate CpG sites in two HCC cell lines and leukocytes using qMSP. Figure S4. Methylation/Protein levels and diagnostic performance of eight candidate markers in plasma pilot test set. Figure S5. Amplification curves of cg14263942, cg12701184 and cg14570307 within quadruplex assays. Table S1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of HCC patients for biomarker screening and tissue validation. Table S2. Top-1000 hypermethylation markers screened from genome-wide methylation profiling. Table S3. List of 132 hypermethylation markers with p < 0.05, Δβ > 0.3 and βnormal < 0.1. Table S4. List of 32 markers further screened from Table S3, with AUC > 0.85 and Youden Index (YI) ≥ 0.8. Table S5. Characteristics of study participants in plasma pilot study. Table S6. Performance of different biomarker combinations in 150 plasma samples. Table S7. Limit of detection (LOD) of three methylation markers in HepaClear panel. Table S8. List of primers and probes for Taqman qMSP.
Multi-Attribute Decision Making Based on Several Trigonometric Hamming Similarity Measures under Interval Rough Neutrosophic Environment
Creators: name: Surapati Pramanik
name: Roy, Rumi
name: Roy, Tapan Kumar
name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: In this paper, the sine, cosine and cotangent similarity
measures of interval rough neutrosophic sets is proposed. Some properties of the proposed measures are discussed. We have proposed multi attribute decision making approaches based on proposed similarity measures. To demonstrate the applicability, a numerical example is solved.
Entanglement generation in harmonic chains: tagging by squeezing
Creators: name: Paternostro, M.
name: Kim, M. S.
name: Park, E.
name: Lee, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of spring-like coupling between bosons in an open chain configuration where the counter-rotating terms are explicitly included. We show that fruitful insight can be gained by decomposing the time-evolution operator of this problem into a pattern of linear-optics elements. This allows us to provide a clear picture of the effects of the counter-rotating terms in the important problem of long-haul entanglement distribution. The analytic control over the variance matrix of the state of the bosonic register allows us to track the dynamics of the entanglement. This helps in designing a global addressing scheme, complemented by a proper initialization of the register, which quantitatively improves the entanglement between the extremal oscillators in the chain, thus providing a strategy for feasible long distance entanglement distribution.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, RevTeX4
Ultrafast Spectroscopy Study of Photoexcitations Dynamics in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Creators: name: Zhai, Yaxin
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Condensed matter physics
subject: Nanotechnology
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: In the last decade, the organic/inorganic hybrid perovskites have emerged as one of the most promising classes of contenders for low-cost solar cells, owing to extraordinary power conversion efficiencies of more than 22%, and convenient solution fabrication processes. Moreover, the hybrid perovskite systems have found applications in many other fields, such as light emitting diodes, lasers, field effect transistors, and spintronics. In this dissertation, by using a variety of transient and steady-state optical measurements, we have investigated the photoexcitations in different organic/inorganic hybrid perovskite systems, including three- (3D) and two- (2D) dimensional thin films and single crystals. In 3D hybrid perovskites, we have identified the excitons/photocarriers duality nature in the lead iodine perovskite at room temperature (RT), which is consistent with its small exciton binding energy (Eb) less than kBT for T=300K. For lead bromide and lead cloride perovskites with larger Eb , excitons have been verified as the the primary photoexcitations. These results show that the branching ratio between the photogenerated excitons and free carriers is determined by the exciton binding energy in the hybrid perovskites. Due to the anistropic teragonal structure phase, we have also observed the polarization memory (POM) dynamics of both excitons and free carriers in the lead iodine perovskite, from which we have estimated the long exciton diffusion length at 150nm. In addition, the effects of nano-morphologies on photoluminescence and magnetic properites in perovskites have also been studied. In 2D hybrid perovskites, we have found a strong photoinduced absorption (PA) from the primary exciton state to the upper branch of the Rashba-splitting band, from which we have obtained a giant Rashba-splitting in this compound, with the Rashba-splitting energy, ER= 40/pm 5 meV and Rashba-splitting parameter αR=1.6/pm 0.1 eV·Å that is among the highest values reported so far. We have extended our measurements to lead bromide perovskite single crystals, which show much lower trap state densities and longer exciton lifetimes in the bulk than in the film samples. Our observation of a fast photobleaching (PB) and a corresponding rise of PA in the near-surface regime reveals the process of the exciton recombination on the surface and diffusion to the interior of the bulk.
Understanding How Viruses Manipulation Ubiquitin Ligases to Avoid Innate Immunity
Creators: name: Silva, Ana Beatriz de Paula
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: Soon after viruses enter the cell, they encounter host innate and adaptive immune responses that must be evaded. Restriction factors are proteins from the host innate immune response that impair the establishment of viral infection. Primate lentiviruses encode "accessory" proteins, which are not required for viral replication but essential to counteract host restriction factors. The primate lentivirus accessory proteins are Nef, Vif, Vpu, Vpr, and Vpx. The main mechanism used by these proteins to counteract restriction factors is the manipulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system. While Vpu usurps Cul1, Vpr and Vpx hijack Cul4A by associating with DCAF1. Through interaction with DCAF1, Vpx degrades SAMHD1, a protein that impairs viral reverse transcription in myeloid cell lineages. Vpr, on the other hand, induces poly-ubiquitination of Mus81 to activate the endonuclease complex SLX4com. SLX4com activation was suggested to induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M. SIVagm Vpr is homologous to HIV-1 Vpr in sequence and structure, but these two proteins have important functional differences. Unlike HIV-1 Vpr, SIVagm Vpr degrades SAMHD1 and induces G2 arrest but in a species-specific manner. In this work, we generated chimeric proteins between HIV-1 Vpr and SIVagm Vpr, in order to understand the structure-function relationships in these proteins. We showed a de novo ability to arrest cell cycle in human cells when iv the C-terminus of HIV-1 Vpr was grafted onto SIVagm Vpr. Using point mutants of HIV-1 Vpr, we were able to uncouple degradation of Mus81 from cell cycle arrest, suggesting that these two functions are independent. To study the amino acid residues of DCAF1 that are responsible for interactions with Vpr and Vpx, we generated a large array of point mutants. We demonstrated that Vpr and Vpx interact with DCAF1 using a similar region on DCAF1, but establishing interactions with different residues. We then used an inhibitor of the Neddylation pathway (MLN4924) to examine the role of CRUL in the abilities of accessory proteins to target host cell proteins. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of CRUL with MLN4924 did not affect downregulation of tetherin, suggesting that the trans-golgi entrapment is responsible for the observed effect.
Interval Valued Neutrosophic Soft Graphs
Creators: name: Broumi, Said
name: Bakali, Assia
name: Talea, Mohamed
name: Smarandache, Florentin
name: Karaaslan, Faruk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: In this article, we combine the interval valued neutrosophic soft set and graph theory. We introduce the notions of interval valued neutrosophic soft graphs, strong interval valued neutrosophic graphs, complete interval valued neutrosophic graphs, and investigate some of their related properties. We study some operations on interval valued neutrosophic soft graphs. We also give an application of interval valued neutrosophic soft graphs into a decision making problem. We hold forth an algorithm to solve
decision making problems by using interval valued neutrosophic soft graphs
Near and Mid Infrared Observations of Ultracompact HII Regions
Creators: name: Crowther, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review discussed near- and mid- infrared observations of ultracompact (UC) HII regions. The importance of ISO mid-IR fine-structure nebular lines is emphasised since only a small fraction of UCHII regions are observed directly in the near-IR. The reliability of contemporary atmospheric models for such indirect diagnostics is discussed, whilst a revised Spectral Type-Temperature calibration is presented for Galactic O3 to B3 dwarfs. In particular, fine-structure line derived properties of G29.96-0.02 differ from the direct near-IR spectroscopic result and represents a serious discrepancy which needs to be addressed. Mid-IR MSX and Spitzer imaging permits the identification of those UCHII regions for which far-IR IRAS fluxes are reliable, relevant to the single versus cluster nature of individual sources. High spatial resolution imaging with ground-based 8m telescopes allows more direct tests, as recently applied to G70.29+1.60. Finally, recent Spitzer mid-IR observations of Giant HII regions are briefly discussed.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, invted review for Proc IAU Symp 227, Massive Star Birth: A Crossroads of Astrophysics, (Cesaroni R., Churchwell E., Felli M., Walmsley C. editors)
The Magnetic Field Distribution in Strongly Magnetized Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Dexheimer, V.
name: Franzon, B.
name: Gomes, R. O.
name: Farias, R. L. S.
name: Avancini, S. S.
name: Schramm, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we expand on a previously reported realistic calculation of the magnetic field profile for the equation of state inside strongly magnetized neutron stars. In addition to showing that magnetic fields increase quadratically with increasing baryon chemical potential of magnetized matter (instead of exponentially, as previously assumed), we show here that the magnetic field increase with baryon number density is more complex and harder to model. We do so by the analysis of several different realistic models for the microscopic description of matter in the star (including hadronic, hybrid and quark models) combined with general relativistic solutions by solving Einstein-Maxwell's field equations in a self-consistent way for stars endowed with a poloidal magnetic field.
description: Proceedings of the 4th Caribbean Symposium on Cosmology, Gravitation, Nuclear and Astroparticle Physics (STARS2017) and 5th International Symposium on Strong Electromagnetic Fields and Neutron Stars (SMFNS2017)
title: How Team-Based Learning Fosters Student Well-Being in Higher Education
Creators: name: MacKinnon, Benjamin Neil
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2023

description: Background: Team-based learning (TBL) was developed in the 1970s to improve student engagement in college courses. TBL, which promotes active learning through four key components (1) carefully formed and managed teams (2) frequent and timely feedback (3) student peer evaluation and (4) problem solving, stems from an earlier model, Adult Learning Theory (ALT). Implemented into higher education in 1968, ALT emphasized the importance of keeping adult learners engaged because adults learn 80% of what they discover for themselves. The findings of three theorists in the fields of public health and psychology support active modes of learning; Dr. Dan Gerber, and psychologists Alexander W. Astin and Terrell Strayhorn. The academic benefit of teambased learning is already documented with statistically significant data through a variety of cohort studies and empirical analyses. This thesis aims to investigate the health and well-being benefits of TBL in higher education. It will analyze these perceived benefits relating to ideas introduced by the three theorists through original survey data.Methods: Original data was collected through a descriptive research study consisting of ranking and short answer questions about student experiences in both TBL and lecture style courses. All data was considered to draw insights and suggest implications for future TBL practiceHypothesis: UMass students who engage in team-based learning environments will self-report higher levels of social, emotional and intellectual well-being compared to those enrolled in lecture based learning.
Type 1 And 2 Isopentenyl Diphosphate:Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Isomerase: Synthesis, Enzyme Engineering and Mechanistic Studies
Creators: name: Neti, Syam Sundar
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biochemistry
Organic chemistry

description: Enzymes are efficient biological catalysts that enormously accelerate the rates of chemical reactions by many orders of magnitude compared to the uncatalyzed reaction. The remarkable catalytic rate enhancement derives from the enzymes three dimensional structure, folding along with the active site geometry and packing. An enzyme active site has selective affinity for the substrates and stabilizes high-energy chemical species and unstable intermediates during the catalysis. To enhance the enzyme's catalytic ability, many enzymes have also evolved coenzymes (or) cofactors for catalysis. These cofactors often provide chemical functionality and reactivity that are not accessible to the twenty canonical amino acids. Thus, cofactors mediate diverse and unique chemical reactions that are catalyzed by enzymes. Isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase were identified in two isoforms (IDI-1 and IDI-2) that catalyze the IPP/DMAPP isomerization. The work described in this dissertation focuses on attempts towards understanding the role of flavin cofactor in the chemical mechanism of type II isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate (IDI-2) isomerase as well as mechanistic studies of IDI-1 and IDI-2. In the first section of this dissertation, studies will focus on the engineered enzyme variant of type II isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI-2) from Streptococcus pneumoniae, a crucial enzyme in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway that utilizes a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) cofactor for catalysis. In most enzymes, flavin cofactors mediate redox electron transfer reactions. However, the IDI-2 catalyzed reaction involves no net redox change, raising questions on the role of the flavin in IDI-2 chemical mechanism. The chemical mechanism of IDI-2 will be studied with a combination of spectroscopic studies and biochemical techniques. Others and our studies suggest that the flavin cofactor of IDI-2 may employ an unusual and novel mode of flavin-dependent catalysis involving acid/base chemistry. In the second section, attention will be focused on the site-selective synthesis of 15N- and 13C-enriched flavin isotopologues to understand the acid/base functionality of flavin in the chemical mechanism of IDI-2. Finally, mechanistic studies of IDI-1 and IDI-2 in D2O will address that the IPP/DMAPP isomerization is very likely proceeding through a step-wise mechanism via a tertiary (3o) carbocationic intermediate. Taken together, kinetic, mechanistic, and spectroscopic studies on IDI-2 demonstrate that it catalyzes the reaction utilizing a flavin coenzyme in an atypical manner where the coenzyme performs acid/base chemistry instead of redox chemistry in which the later is the typical function of flavin cofactor.
Analytic Treatment of Positronium Spin Splittings in Light-Front QED
Creators: name: Jones, Billy D.
name: Perry, Robert J.
name: Glazek, Stanislaw D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the QED bound-state problem in a light-front hamiltonian approach. Starting with a bare cutoff QED Hamiltonian, $H_{_{B}}$, with matrix elements between free states of drastically different energies removed, we perform a similarity transformation that removes the matrix elements between free states with energy differences between the bare cutoff, $Λ$, and effective cutoff, $\lam$ ($\lam < \Lam$). This generates effective interactions in the renormalized Hamiltonian, $H_{_{R}}$. These effective interactions are derived to order $α$ in this work, with $α\ll 1$. $H_{_{R}}$ is renormalized by requiring it to satisfy coupling coherence. A nonrelativistic limit of the theory is taken, and the resulting Hamiltonian is studied using bound-state perturbation theory (BSPT). The effective cutoff, $\lam^2$, is fixed, and the limit, $0 \longleftarrow m^2 α^2\ll \lam^2 \ll m^2 α\longrightarrow \infty$, is taken. This upper bound on $\lam^2$ places the effects of low-energy (energy transfer below $\lam$) emission in the effective interactions in the $| e {\overline e} > $ sector. This lower bound on $\lam^2$ insures that the nonperturbative scale of interest is not removed by the similarity transformation. As an explicit example of the general formalism introduced, we show that the Hamiltonian renormalized to $O(α)$ reproduces the exact spectrum of spin splittings, with degeneracies dictated by rotational symmetry, for the ground state through $O(α^4)$. The entire calculation is performed analytically, and gives the well known singlet-triplet ground state spin splitting of positronium, $7/6 α^2 Ryd$. We discuss remaining corrections other than the spin splittings and how they can be treated in calculating the spectrum with higher precision.
description: 46 pages, latex, 3 Postscript figures included, section on remaining corrections added, title changed, error in older version corrected, cutoff placed in a window
Unaware or Unaccepting: Human Biases and the Artificial Intelligence Avalanche
Creators: name: Meikle, Nathan Lane
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Organizational behavior

description: Accurately assessing current and future technological capabilities can provide organizations with competitive advantage. However, do accurate assessments become more difficult when technology progresses at a rapid rate? This dissertation examines the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI), its impact on organizations, and the human biases that impede accurate assessments of rapid technological progress. Given the magnitude with which AI is impacting organizations, the importance of accurately assessing technological capabilities is hard to overstate. However, I argue that due to the exponential growth bias (i.e., the tendency to underestimate exponential growth), people underestimate both how quickly AI has advanced and is likely to advance. Moreover, due to the motivated reasoning bias (i.e., the desire to search for and interpret information in ways consistent with one's desires), I predict people will reject the aversive implications of rapid technological progress, further impeding accurate assessment. I examine these phenomena through a series of surveys and experiments.
Measurement of the Branching Fraction and Photon Energy Moments of B->X_s gamma and A_{cp}(B->X_(s+d) gamma)
Creators: name: The BaBar Collaboration
name: Aubert, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photon spectrum in B -> X_s gamma decay, where X_s is any strange hadronic state, is studied using a data sample of 88.5 million e+e- -> Upsilon(4S) -> BBbar decays collected by the BaBar experiment at SLAC. The partial branching fraction, Delta B(B -> X_s gamma)=(3.67 +- 0.29(stat.) +- 0.34(sys.) +- 0.29(model)) times 10^-4, the first moment =2.288 +- 0.025 +- 0.017 +- 0.015 GeV and the second moment - ^2 =0.0328 +- 0.0040 +- 0.0023 +- 0.0036 GeV^2 are measured for the photon energy range 1.9 GeV < E_gamma < 2.7 GeV. They are also measured for narrower E_gamma ranges. The moments are then fit to recent theoretical calculations to extract the Heavy Quark Expansion parameters, m_b and mu_pi^2, and to extrapolate the partial branching fraction to E_gamma>1.6 GeV. In addition, the direct CP asymmetry A_CP(B -> X_(s+d) gamma) is measured to be -0.110 +- 0.115(stat.) +- 0.017(sys.).
description: 8 pages 1 figure, submitted to PRL
Anti-correlated hard X-ray time lag in GRS 1915+105: evidence for a truncated accretion disc
Creators: name: Choudhury, Manojendu
name: Rao, A. R.
name: Dasgupta, Surajit
name: Pendharkar, J.
name: Sriram, K.
name: Agrawal, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-wavelength observations of Galactic black hole candidate sources indicate a close connection between the accretion disk emission and the jet emission. The recent discovery of an anti-correlated time lag between the soft and hard X-rays in Cygnus X-3 (Choudhury & Rao 2004) constrains the geometric picture of the disk-jet connection into a truncated accretion disk, the truncation radius being quite close to the black hole. Here we report the detection of similar anti-correlated time lag in the superluminal jet source GRS 1915+105. We show the existence of the pivoting in the X-ray spectrum during the delayed anti-correlation and we also find that the QPO parameters change along with the spectral pivoting. We explore theoretical models to understand this phenomenon.
description: Accepted in ApJ: (to appear on 1 Oct, 2005 issue)
Duality in Supersymmetric SU($N_c$) Gauge Theory with Two Adjoint Chiral Superfields
Creators: name: Brodie, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss $SU(N_c)$ gauge theory coupled to two adjoint chiral superfields $X$ and $Y$, and a number of fundamental chiral superfields $Q^i$. We add a superpotential that has the form of Arnold's $D$ series $W = \Tr X^{k+1} + \Tr XY^2$. We present a dual description in terms of an $SU(3kN_f - N_c)$ gauge theory, and we show that the duality passes many tests. At the end of the paper, we show how a deformation of this superpotential flows to another duality having a product gauge group $SU(N_c)\times SU(N_c')$, with an adjoint field charged under $SU(N_c)$, an adjoint field charged under $SU(N_c')$, fields in the $(N_c,N_c')$ and $(\overline N_c,\overline N_c')$ representation, and a number of fundamentals. The dual description is an $SU(2kN_f' + kN_f - N_c')\times SU(2kN_f + kN_f' - N_c)$ gauge theory.
description: 21 pages, harvmac, tables
The Lagrangian of a Self-Dual Gravitational Field as a Limit of the SDYM Lagrangian
Creators: name: Plebanski, Jerzy
name: Przanowski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The action for the su(N) SDYM equations is shown to give in the limit $N \to \infty$ the action for the six-dimensional version of the second heavenly equation. The symmetry reductions of this latter equation to the well known equations of self-dual gravity are given. The Moyal deformation of the heavenly equations are also considered.
description: LaTeX, no figures, Version published
Power-law tails in the distribution of order imbalance
Creators: name: Zhang, T.
name: Gu, G. -F.
name: Xu, H. -C.
name: Xiong, X.
name: Chen, W.
name: Zhou, W. -X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We investigate the probability distribution of order imbalance calculated from the order flow data of 43 Chinese stocks traded on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Two definitions of order imbalance are considered based on the order number and the order size. We find that the order imbalance distributions of individual stocks have power-law tails. However, the tail index fluctuates remarkably from stock to stock. We also investigate the distributions of aggregated order imbalance of all stocks at different timescales $Δ{t}$. We find no clear trend in the tail index with respect $Δ{t}$. All the analyses suggest that the distributions of order imbalance are asymmetric.
chi_cJ Decays to h^+h^-h^0
Creators: name: Athar, S.
name: Collaboration, CLEO
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a sample of 3x10^6 psi(2S) decays recorded by the CLEO detector, we study three body decays of the chi_{c0}, chi_{c1}, and chi_{c2} produced in radiative decays of the psi(2S). We consider the decay modes pi+ pi- eta, K+ K- eta, p pbar eta, pi+ pi- etaprime, K+ K- pi0, p pbar pi0, pi+ K- K0S, and K+ pbar Lambda measuring branching fractions or placing upper limits. For chi_{c1} to pi+ pi- eta, K+ K- pi0, and pi+ K- K0S our observed samples are large enough to study the substructure in a Dalitz plot analysis. The results presented in this document are preliminary.
description: 22 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lepp.cornell.edu/public/CONF/2006, Contributed to ICHEP06
Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Bonferroni Mean Operators and the Application in the Selection of Renewable Energy
Creators: name: Ji, Pu
name: Cheng, Peng-Fei
name: Zhang, Hong-Yu
name: Wang, Jian-Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: Renewable energy selection, which is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, is crucial for the sustainable development of economy. Criteria are interdependent in the selection problem of renewable energy.
On the accuracy of slow-roll inflation given current observational constraints
Creators: name: Makarov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the accuracy of slow-roll inflation in light of current observational constraints, which do not allow for a large deviation from scale invariance. We investigate the applicability of the first and second order slow-roll approximations for inflationary models, including those with large running of the scalar spectral index. We compare the full numerical solutions with those given by the first and second order slow-roll formulae. We find that even first order slow-roll is generally accurate; the largest deviations arise in models with large running where the error in the power spectrum can be at the level of 1-2%. Most of this error comes from inaccuracy in the calculation of the slope and not of the running or higher order terms. Second order slow-roll does not improve the accuracy over first order. We also argue that in the basis $ε_0=1/H$, $ε_{n+1}={d\ln|ε_n|}/{dN}$, introduced by Schwarz et al. (2001), slow-roll does not require all of the parameters to be small. For example, even a divergent $ε_3$ leads to finite solutions which are accurately described by a slow-roll approximation. Finally, we argue that power spectrum parametrization recently introduced by Abazaijan, Kadota and Stewart does not work for models where spectral index changes from red to blue, while the usual Taylor expansion remains a good approximation.
description: Matches the published PRD version; added comments on Abazaijan, Kadota and Stewart (2005) parameterization
Absorption vs Decay of Black holes in string theory and T-symmetry
Creators: name: Dhar, Avinash
name: Mandal, Gautam
name: Wadia, Spenta R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classically a black hole can absorb but not emit energy. We discuss how this T-asymmetric property of black holes arises in the recently proposed (T-symmetric) microscopic models of black holes based on bound states of D-branes. In these string theory based models, the nonvanishing classical absorption is made possible essentially by the exponentially increasing degeneracy of quantum states with mass of the black hole. The classical limit of the absorption crosssection computed in the microscopic model agrees with the result obtained from a classical analysis of a wave propagating in the background metric of the corresponding black hole (upto a numerical factor).
description: 17 pages, latex, no figures; version to appear in Physics Letters B
Metamaterialy, konfigurowalne matryce antenowe i komunikacja holograficzna. Wstepna analiza nowej koncepcji bezprzewodowej transmisji danych
Creators: name: Kliks, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the last few years, a very original concept of holographic communication has gained a lot of interest among scientists from all over the world. The specificity of this approach, on the one hand, is very different from the known and currently used solutions, on the other hand, it creates great development opportunities in the field of wireless communication. The article provides an overview of two technological solutions that gave rise to the idea of holographic communication. First, the possibility of using the so-called metamaterials for the purposes of wireless data transmission, and the second, the use of reconfigurable antenna surfaces. The last part presents the assumptions of the idea of holographic communication, in which the principles of creating images known from optical holography have been transferred to the radio band, and to some extend, generalized.
description: 19 pages, in Polish language, 7 figures
The IMF in Extreme Star-Forming Environments: Searching for Variations vs. Initial Conditions
Creators: name: Andersen, Morten
name: Meyer, M. R.
name: Greissl, J.
name: Oppenheimer, B. D.
name: Kenworthy, M. A.
name: McCarthy, D. W.
name: Zinnecker, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Any predictive theory of star formation must explain observed variations (or lack thereof) in the initial mass function. Recent work suggests that we might expect quantitative variations in the IMF as a function of metallicity (Larson 2005) or magnetic field strength (Shu et al. 2004). We summarize results from several on-going studies attempting to constrain the ratio of high to low mass stars, as well as stars to sub- stellar objects, in a variety of different environments, all containing high mass stars. First, we examine the ratio of stars to sub--stellar objects in the nearby Mon R2 region utilizing NICMOS/HST data. We compare our results to the IMF by Kroupa (2002)]} and to the observed ratios for IC 348 and Orion. Second, we present preliminary results for the ratio of high to low mass stars in W51, the most luminous HII region in the galaxy. Based on ground--based multi--colour images of the cluster obtained with the MMT adaptive optics system, we derive a lower limit to the ratio of high-mass to low-mass stars and compare it to the ratios for nearby clusters. Finally, we present the derived IMF for the R136 region in the LMC where the metallicity is 1/4 solar using HST/NICMOS data. We find that the IMF is consistent with that characterizing the field (Chabrier 2003), as well as nearby star--forming regions, down to 1.0 Msun outside 2 pc. Whereas the results for both Mon R2 and R136 are consistent with the nearby clusters, the ratio of high to low mass stars in W51 tentatively indicates a lack of low--mass objects.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium 227: "Massive Star Birth: A Crossroads of Astrophysics"
Deconvolving the Wedge: Maximum-Likelihood Power Spectra via Spherical-Wave Visibility Modeling
Creators: name: Ghosh, Abhik
name: Mertens, Florent
name: Koopmans, Leon V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) via the red-shifted 21-cm line will have unprecedented implications on the study of structure formation in the infant Universe. To fulfill this promise, current and future 21-cm experiments need to detect this weak EoR signal in the presence of foregrounds that are several orders of magnitude larger. This requires extreme noise control and improved wide-field high dynamic-range imaging techniques. We propose a new imaging method based on a maximum likelihood framework which solves for the interferometric equation directly on the sphere, or equivalently in the $uvw$-domain. The method uses the one-to-one relation between spherical waves and spherical harmonics (SpH). It consistently handles signals from the entire sky, and does not require a $w$-term correction. The spherical-harmonics coefficients represent the sky-brightness distribution and the visibilities in the $uvw$-domain, and provide a direct estimate of the spatial power spectrum. Using these spectrally-smooth SpH coefficients, bright foregrounds can be removed from the signal, including their side-lobe noise, which is one of the limiting factors in high dynamics range wide-field imaging. Chromatic effects causing the so-called "wedge" are effectively eliminated (i.e. deconvolved) in the cylindrical ($k_{\perp}, k_{\parallel}$) power spectrum, compared to a power spectrum computed directly from the images of the foreground visibilities where the wedge is clearly present. We illustrate our method using simulated LOFAR observations, finding an excellent reconstruction of the input EoR signal with minimal bias.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Replaced to match accepted MNRAS version; few typos corrected & textual clarification added (no changes to results)
title: Approach Flow Depth Influence on Nonlinear Weir Discharge Capacity
Creators: name: Redha, Benane
name: Erpicum, Sebastien
name: Pirotton, Michel
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2022

description: The high hydraulic efficiency and the compactness of nonlinear weirs favor their use in several rehabilitation or new dams projects. Main types of nonlinear weirs are labyrinth and piano key weirs.The purpose of this paper is to provide indications on the influence of the approach flow depth on the discharge capacity of these nonlinear weirs. To do so, a series of experimental tests have been carried out in the laboratory of Engineering Hydraulics of the Liege University. A labyrinth and a piano key weir have been tested in channel configuration (upstream flow width equal to the weir width) considering various dimensionless dam heights. A large range of discharge has been tested for each case. The results show that the dimensionless dam height increase may decrease up to 8% of the labyrinth weir discharge capacity while it has only very limited but opposite effects for the piano key weir.
Interval Neutrosophic Tangent Similarity Measure Based MADM strategy and its Application to MADM Problems
Creators: name: Mondal, Kalyan
name: Surapati Pramanik
name: Bibhas C. Giri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Algebra

description: In this paper, tangent similarity measure of interval valued neutrosophic sets is proposed and its properties are examined. The concept of interval valued neutrosophic set is a powerful mathematical tool to deal with incomplete, indeterminate and inconsistent information.
More on Four-Dimensional Extremal Black Holes
Creators: name: Hambli, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider an embedding of the extremal four-dimensional Reissner-Nordström black hole into type $IIB$ string theory. The equivalent type $IIB$ configuration, in the D-brane weak-coupling picture, is a bound state of D1- and D5-branes threaded by fundamental type $IIB$ strings. The bound state involves also a NSNS solitonic 5-brane, mimicking the role of the Kaluza-Klein magnetic monopole. The statistical entropy derived by counting the degeneracy of the BPS-saturated excitations of this bound state agrees perfectly with the (semiclassical) Bekenstein-Hawking formula.
description: 19 pages, using Latex, no figures
Range criterion and classification of true entanglement in $2\times{M}\times{N}$ system
Creators: name: Chen, Lin
name: Chen, Yi-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a range criterion which is a sufficient and necessary condition satisfied by two pure states transformable with each other under reversible stochastic local operations assisted with classical communication. We also provide a systematic method for seeking all kinds of true entangled states in the $2\times{M}\times{N}$ system, and can effectively distinguish them by means of the range criterion. The efficiency of the criterion and the method is exhibited by the classification of true entanglement in some types of the tripartite systems.
description: 7 papes, no figure, Revtex. This is the published version