cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Aspects of univalence in holographic axion models
Creators: name: Baggioli, Matteo
name: Grieninger, Sebastian
name: Grozdanov, Sašo
name: Lu, Zhenkang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Univalent functions are complex, analytic (holomorphic) and injective functions that have been widely discussed in complex analysis. It was recently proposed that the stringent constraints that univalence imposes on the growth of functions combined with sufficient analyticity conditions could be used to derive rigorous lower and upper bounds on hydrodynamic dispersion relation, i.e., on all terms appearing in their convergent series representations. The results are exact bounds on physical quantities such as the diffusivity and the speed of sound. The purpose of this paper is to further explore these ideas, investigate them in concrete holographic examples, and work towards a better intuitive understanding of the role of univalence in physics. More concretely, we study diffusive and sound modes in a family of holographic axion models and offer a set of observations, arguments and tests that support the applicability of univalence methods for bounding physical observables described in terms of effective field theories. Our work provides insight into expected `typical' regions of univalence, comparisons between the tightness of bounds and the corresponding exact values of certain quantities characterizing transport, tests of relations between diffusion and bounds that involve chaotic pole-skipping, as well as tests of a condition that implies the conformal bound on the speed of sound and a complementary condition that implies its violation.
description: v2: minor revision, matching the published version
Reconstructing thawing quintessence with multiple datasets
Creators: name: Lima, Nelson A.
name: Liddle, Andrew R.
name: Sahlén, Martin
name: Parkinson, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we model the quintessence potential in a Taylor series expansion, up to second order, around the present-day value of the scalar field. The field is evolved in a thawing regime assuming zero initial velocity. We use the latest data from the Planck satellite, baryonic acoustic oscillations observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, and Supernovae luminosity distance information from Union2.1 to constrain our models parameters, and also include perturbation growth data from the WiggleZ, BOSS and the 6dF surveys. The supernova data provide the strongest individual constraint on the potential parameters. We show that the growth data performance is competitive with the other datasets in constraining the dark energy parameters we introduce. We also conclude that the combined constraints we obtain for our model parameters, when compared to previous works of nearly a decade ago, have shown only modest improvement, even with new growth of structure data added to previously-existent types of data.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures and 1 table. Version 2 with minor changes to match Physical Review D accepted version
What do we mean by "data"? A proposed classification of data types in the arts and humanities
Creators: name: Gualandi, Bianca
name: Pareschi, Luca
name: Peroni, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose: This article describes the interviews we conducted in late 2021 with 19 researchers at the Department of Classical Philology and Italian Studies at the University of Bologna. The main purpose was to shed light on the definition of the word "data" in the humanities domain, as far as FAIR data management practices are concerned, and on what researchers think of the term. Methodology: We invited one researcher for each of the official disciplinary areas represented within the department and all 19 accepted to participate in the study. Participants were then divided into 5 main research areas: philology and literary criticism, language and linguistics, history of art, computer science, archival studies. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a grounded theory approach. Findings: A list of 13 research data types has been compiled thanks to the information collected from participants. The term "data" does not emerge as especially problematic, although a good deal of confusion remains. Looking at current research management practices, methodologies and teamwork appear more central than previously reported. Originality: Our findings confirm that "data" within the FAIR framework should include all types of input and outputs humanities research work with, including publications. Also, the participants to this study appear ready for a discussion around making their research data FAIR: they do not find the terminology particularly problematic, while they rely on precise and recognised methodologies, as well as on sharing and collaboration with colleagues.
Quantitative Discourse Cohesion Analysis of Scientific Scholarly Texts using Multilayer Networks
Creators: name: Bhatnagar, Vasudha
name: Duari, Swagata
name: Gupta, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discourse cohesion facilitates text comprehension and helps the reader form a coherent narrative. In this study, we aim to computationally analyze the discourse cohesion in scientific scholarly texts using multilayer network representation and quantify the writing quality of the document. Exploiting the hierarchical structure of scientific scholarly texts, we design section-level and document-level metrics to assess the extent of lexical cohesion in text. We use a publicly available dataset along with a curated set of contrasting examples to validate the proposed metrics by comparing them against select indices computed using existing cohesion analysis tools. We observe that the proposed metrics correlate as expected with the existing cohesion indices. We also present an analytical framework, CHIAA (CHeck It Again, Author), to provide pointers to the author for potential improvements in the manuscript with the help of the section-level and document-level metrics. The proposed CHIAA framework furnishes a clear and precise prescription to the author for improving writing by localizing regions in text with cohesion gaps. We demonstrate the efficacy of CHIAA framework using succinct examples from cohesion-deficient text excerpts in the experimental dataset.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables
Reliability of the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method for assessing causality in drug-induced liver injury
Creators: name: Rochon, James
name: Davern, Timothy
name: McHutchison, John G.
name: Protiva, Petr
name: Fontana, Robert J.
name: Liangpunsakul, Suthat
name: Seeff, Leonard B.
name: Watkins, Paul B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) was developed to quantify the strength of association between a liver injury and the medication implicated as causing the injury. However, its reliability in a research setting has never been fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine test-retest and interrater reliabilities of RUCAM in retrospectively-identified cases of drug induced liver injury. The Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network is enrolling well-defined cases of hepatotoxicity caused by isoniazid, phenytoin, clavulanate/amoxicillin, or valproate occurring since 1994. Each case was adjudicated by three reviewers working independently; after an interval of at least 5 months, cases were readjudicated by the same reviewers. A total of 40 drug-induced liver injury cases were enrolled including individuals treated with isoniazid (nine), phenytoin (five), clavulanate/amoxicillin (15), and valproate (11). Mean ± standard deviation age at protocol-defined onset was 44.8 ± 19.5 years; patients were 68% female and 78% Caucasian. Cases were classified as hepatocellular (44%), mixed (28%), or cholestatic (28%). Test-retest differences ranged from −7 to +8 with complete agreement in only 26% of cases. On average, the maximum absolute difference among the three reviewers was 3.1 on the first adjudication and 2.7 on the second, although much of this variability could be attributed to differences between the enrolling investigator and the external reviewers. The test-retest reliability by the same assessors was 0.54 (upper 95% confidence limit = 0.77); the interrater reliability was 0.45 (upper 95% confidence limit = 0.58). Categorizing the RUCAM to a five-category scale improved these reliabilities but only marginally.
Identification of microRNA-181 by genome-wide screening as a critical player in EpCAM-positive hepatic cancer stem cells
Creators: name: Budhu, Anuradha
name: Ji, Junfang
name: Ye, Qing-Hai
name: Forgues, Marshonna
name: Wauthier, Elaine
name: Deng, Chuxia
name: Wang, Hong-Yang
name: Yamashita, Taro
name: Li, Cuiling
name: Reid, Lola M.
name: Wang, Xin Wei
name: Jia, Hu-Liang
name: Tang, Zhao-You
name: Yang, Wen
name: Croce, Carlo M.
name: Qin, Lun-Xiu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression with functional links to tumorigenesis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and it is heterogeneous in clinical outcomes and biological activities. Recently, we have identified a subset of highly invasive EpCAM+ HCC cells from AFP+ tumors with cancer stem/progenitor cell features, i.e., the abilities to self-renew, differentiate and initiate aggressive tumors in vivo. Here, using a global microarray-based microRNA profiling approach followed by validation with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we have demonstrated that conserved miR-181 family members were upregulated in EpCAM+AFP+ HCCs and in EpCAM+ HCC cells isolated from AFP+ tumors. Moreover, miR-181 family members were highly expressed in embryonic livers and in isolated hepatic stem cells. Importantly, inhibition of miR-181 led to a reduction in EpCAM+ HCC cell quantity and tumor initiating ability, while exogenous miR-181 expression in HCC cells resulted in an enrichment of EpCAM+ HCC cells. We have found that miR-181 could directly target hepatic transcriptional regulators of differentiation (i.e., CDX2 and GATA6) and an inhibitor of wnt/β-catenin signaling (i.e., NLK). Taken together, our results define a novel regulatory link between miR-181s and human EpCAM+ liver cancer stem/progenitor cells and imply that molecular targeting of miR-181 may eradicate HCC.
Dispersive and diffusive-dispersive shock waves for nonconvex conservation laws
Creators: name: El, G. A.
name: Hoefer, M. A.
name: Shearer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two physically and mathematically distinct regularization mechanisms of scalar hyperbolic conservation laws. When the flux is convex, the combination of diffusion and dispersion are known to give rise to monotonic and oscillatory traveling waves that approximate shock waves. The zero-diffusion limits of these traveling waves are dynamically expanding dispersive shock waves (DSWs). A richer set of wave solutions can be found when the flux is non-convex. This review compares the structure of solutions of Riemann problems for a conservation law with non-convex, cubic flux regularized by two different mechanisms: 1) dispersion in the modified Korteweg--de Vries (mKdV) equation; and 2) a combination of diffusion and dispersion in the mKdV-Burgers equation. In the first case, the possible dynamics involve two qualitatively different types of DSWs, rarefaction waves (RWs) and kinks (monotonic fronts). In the second case, in addition to RWs, there are traveling wave solutions approximating both classical (Lax) and non-classical (undercompressive) shock waves. Despite the singular nature of the zero-diffusion limit and rather differing analytical approaches employed in the descriptions of dispersive and diffusive-dispersive regularization, the resulting comparison of the two cases reveals a number of striking parallels. In contrast to the case of convex flux, the mKdVB to mKdV mapping is not one-to-one. The mKdV kink solution is identified as an undercompressive DSW. Other prominent features, such as shock-rarefactions, also find their purely dispersive counterparts involving special contact DSWs, which exhibit features analogous to contact discontinuities. This review describes an important link between two major areas of applied mathematics, hyperbolic conservation laws and nonlinear dispersive waves.
description: Revision from v2; 57 pages, 19 figures
Residual Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield of Okra as Affected by Bioorganic Nutrient Sources
Creators: name: Sharma, Rakesh
name: Chadak, Shivani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: A two-year experiment was undertaken during kharif seasons of the year 2019 and 2020 to investigate the effect of bioorganic nutrient sources (farmyard manure, vermicompost, jeevamrit, and ghanjeevamrit) and inorganic fertilizers on residual soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and fruit yield of okra in Entisols of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of nine treatments with varying combinations of nutrient sources. Treatment T3 [jeevamrit application (100% N equivalence) + farmyard manure @ 10 t ha−1] resulted in highest residual soil organic carbon (12.00 g kg−1), culturable microbial count (69.67 cfu g−1 soil × 105), microbial biomass carbon (67.43 mg kg−1) and nitrogen (37.40 mg kg−1) as well as maximum plant-available N (309.3 kg ha−1), P (23.2 kg ha−1), K (187.9 kg ha−1), S (60.3 kg ha−1), Fe (15.55 mg kg−1), Cu (1.92 mg kg−1), Mn (11.73 mg kg−1) and Zn (1.62 mg kg−1) contents. Further, the treatment T6 [jeevamrit application (100% N equivalence) + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1] obtained the greatest value for okra yield (11.95 t ha-1) along with more uptake of macro and micro nutrients by the plants. This superior combination (T6) recorded an increase of 21.3% in yield over T2 (RPMF) as well as the highest net returns (₹ 1,50,258/ha) and B:C ratio (2.69). Thus, it can be inferred that the conjoint use of jeevamrit (100% N equivalence) with farmyard manure or vermicompost is beneficial for improving residual soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and sustainable okra production with 100% net saving of fertilizers.
Real surreal trajectories in pilot-wave hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Frumkin, Valeri
name: Darrow, David
name: Struyve, Ward
name: Bush, John W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In certain instances, the particle paths predicted by Bohmian mechanics are thought to be at odds with classical intuition. A striking illustration arises in the interference experiments envisaged by Englert, Scully, Süssmann and Walther, which lead the authors to claim that the Bohmian trajectories can not be real and so must be `surreal'. Through a combined experimental and numerical study, we here demonstrate that individual trajectories in the hydrodynamic pilot-wave system exhibit the key features of their surreal Bohmian counterparts. These real surreal classical trajectories are rationalized in terms of the system's non-Markovian pilot-wave dynamics. Our study thus makes clear that the designation of Bohmian trajectories as surreal is based on misconceptions concerning the limitations of classical dynamics and a lack of familiarity with pilot-wave hydrodynamics.
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling in hepatic stellate cells blocks the progression of hepatic fibrosis
Creators: name: Son, Gakuhei
name: Hines, Ian N.
name: Schrum, Laura W.
name: Lindquist, Jeff
name: Rippe, Richard A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is the primary cell type in the liver responsible for excess collagen deposition during fibrosis. Following a fibrogenic stimulus, the cell changes from a quiescent vitamin A storing cell to an activated cell type associated with increased extracellular matrix synthesis and increased cell proliferation. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway has been shown to regulate several aspects of HSC activation in vitro, including collagen synthesis and cell proliferation. Using a targeted approach to inhibit PI3K signaling specifically in HSCs, we investigated the role of PI3K in HSCs using a rodent model of hepatic fibrosis. An adenovirus expressing a dominant negative form of PI3K under control of the smooth muscle α-actin (αSMA) promoter was generated (Ad-SMAdnPI3K). Transducing HSCs with Ad-SMAdnPI3K resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, collagen expression, and several additional profibrogenic genes, while also promoting cell death. Inhibition of PI3K signaling was also associated with reduced activation of Akt, p70S6K, and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling as well as reduced cyclin D1 expression. Administering Ad-SMAdnPI3K to mice following bile duct ligation resulted in reduced HSC activation and decreased extracellular matrix deposition, including collagen expression. A reduction in profibrogenic mediators, including tumor growth factor – β (TGF-β), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase – 1 (TIMP-1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was also noted. However, liver damage, assessed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, was not reduced.
Localization and observers in $\varrho$-Minkowski spacetime
Creators: name: Lizzi, Fedele
name: Scala, Luca
name: Vitale, Patrizia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the $\varrho$-Minkowski spacetime, a model with linear noncommutativity involving the time and the azimuthal angle. We study its quantum symmetries, the $\varrho$-Poincaré quantum group, and analyse the concepts of localizability and quantum observers.
description: Minor typos corrected in v2
Superabsorbent Polyacrylamide Effects on Hydrophysical Soil Properties and Plant Biomass in a Sandy Loam soil
Creators: name: Fernández, P.L.
name: Kraemer, F. Behrends
name: Sabatté, L.
name: Guiroy, J.
name: Boem, F. Gutierrez
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: There is a complicated relationship between land degradation, water efficiency, and crop yield in arid and semiarid regions. In the Semiarid Pampa region, Argentina, land use changes that affected fragile lands (high content of fine sands plus silt and low organic carbon) have decreased soil quality, thus endangering agricultural activities. The use of polyacrylamide (PAM) is an option for increasing productivity and protecting soil resources. However, there is scarce information about superabsorbent PAM on water storage linked to aggregate stability mechanisms in this fragile land. Hydrophysical variables and plant biomass were evaluated in a greenhouse pot experiment. Three factors were analyzed: 1) PAM rates (doses): D0 = 0%, D1 = 0.04%, and D2 = 0.08%; 2) vegetation presence (Festuca arundinacea ssp.): vegetation (+) and vegetation (–) and; 3) water regime: field capacity (FC) and half field capacity (FC/2). After 5 months, the incorporation of superabsorbent PAM had a strong effect on most hydrophysical variables. Storage variables (available water content and easily available water content) were improved mainly by increasing water retention at lower suctions (i.e. large pores). Dose increments regardless of the water regime led to higher plant biomass (P < .05). PAM incorporation enhanced abiotic mechanisms (swelling–shrinkage, cracks formation) and biotic mechanisms (root activity – direct, increment water retention – indirect) acting synergically to increase aggregate stability and water storage. Aggregate stability tests (fast wetting test – FW, slow wetting test – SW, and stirring aggregates after ethanol submersion – Stir) proved to be useful in discriminating stabilization mechanisms of soils, highlighting the effect of PAM incorporation on soil cohesion (Stir). Finally, superabsorbent PAM may contribute to maintain crop yields, leading to soil quality amelioration.
LPS INHIBITION OF GLUCOSE PRODUCTION THROUGH THE TLR4, MYD88, NFκB PATHWAY
Creators: name: Brooks, Natasha L.
name: Klebanov, Simon
name: Combs, Terry P.
name: Alderman, J. McKee
name: Hosick, Peter A.
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Bear, James E.
name: Akira, Shizuo
name: Moore, Kelli S.
name: Raetzsch, Carl F.
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Acute exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause hypoglycemia and insulin resistance; the underlying mechanisms however, are unclear. We set out to determine whether insulin resistance is linked to hypoglycemia through TLR4, MyD88 and NFκB, a cell signaling pathway that mediates LPS induction of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. LPS induction of hypoglycemia was blocked in TLR4−/− and MyD88−/− mice but not in TNFα−/− mice. Both glucose production and glucose utilization were decreased during hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia was associated with the activation of NFκB in the liver. LPS inhibition of glucose production was blocked in hepatocytes isolated from TLR4−/− and MyD88−/− mice and hepatoma cells expressing an IκB mutant that interferes with NFκB activation. Thus, LPS-induced hypoglycemia was mediated by the inhibition of glucose production from the liver through the TLR4, MyD88, NFκB pathway, independent of LPS induced TNFα. LPS inhibition of glucose production was not blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of the insulin signaling intermediate PI3K in hepatoma cells. Insulin injection caused a similar reduction of circulating glucose in TLR4−/− and TLR4+/+ mice. These two results suggest that LPS and insulin inhibit glucose production by separate pathways. Recovery from LPS induced hypoglycemia was linked to glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in TLR4+/+ mice, but not in TLR4−/− mice.
Land to the Tiller: A Comparison of Land Reform in South Africa and South Korea
Creators: name: Claassen, Casper Hendrik
name: Jin-Sang, Lee
name: Claassen, Casper Hendrik
name: Jin-Sang, Lee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land reform
subject: economic development
subject: rural poverty

description: This paper seeks to inform South Africa’s current land reform effort, which remains a deeply divisive issue in post-apartheid South Africa. Demonstrably, state-led land reform in Korea had significant economic benefits, namely, higher food supply, enhanced agricultural productivity, improved human capital, increased household income, and the emergence of a capitalist entrepreneurial class. Zimbabwe-style state-led land reform, on the other hand, would be destructive. Elements of state role in Korean land reform can be identified for use in South Africa, first through the adoption of a smallholder system in communal areas for profitable farming. Nationwide tenure reform projects should be launched in subsistence-farming areas to measure potential success. This would involve rural land tenure reform that sees ownership move from communal/government to individual level; where property rights are guaranteed to individuals. Ultimately, such reforms could support South Africa’s goal of achieving 30% land reform in the agricultural sector by cultivating successful black farmers who would be able to successfully manage larger commercial farms, whether they be divided into a number of smaller lots or stay intact.
Partner orbits and action differences on compact factors of the hyperbolic plane. II: Higher-order encounters
Creators: name: Huynh, Hien Minh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37C27, 37D20, 37D40, 81Q50

description: Physicists have argued that periodic orbit bunching leads to universal spectral fluctuations for chaotic quantum systems. To establish a more detailed mathematical understanding of this fact, it is first necessary to look more closely at the classical side of the problem and determine orbit pairs consisting of orbits which have similar actions. We specialize to the geodesic flow on compact factors of the hyperbolic plane as a classical chaotic system. The companion paper [Huynh and Kunze, 2015] proved the existence of a unique periodic partner orbit for a given periodic orbit with a small-angle self-crossing in configuration space that is a 2-encounter and derived an estimate for the action difference of the orbit pair. In this paper, we provide an inductive argument to deal with higher-order encounters: we prove that a given periodic orbit including an $L$-parallel encounter has $(L-1)!-1$ partner orbits; we construct partner orbits and give estimates for the action differences between orbit pairs.
description: final version Remark 3.3 was added
MPEC 2023-U158 : 2023 UM3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UM3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Acetaminophen dosing of humans results in blood transcriptome and metabolome changes consistent with impaired oxidative phosphorylation
Creators: name: Macdonald, Jeffrey
name: Watkins, Paul B.
name: O'Connell, Thomas M.
name: Sieber, Stella O.
name: Russo, Mark
name: Parker, Joel
name: Winnike, Jason H.
name: Malik, Shahid
name: Shah, Ruchir
name: Gerrish, Kevin
name: Fannin, Rick D.
name: Newton, Jack
name: Paules, Richard S.
name: Zhou, Tong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The diagnosis and management of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is hindered by the limited utility of traditional clinical chemistries. It has recently been shown that hepatotoxicants can produce compound-specific changes in the peripheral blood (PB) transcriptome in rodents, suggesting the blood transcriptome might provide new biomarkers of DILI. To investigate in humans, we used DNA microarrays as well as serum metabolomic methods to characterize changes in the transcriptome and metabolome in serial PB samples obtained from 6 healthy adults treated with a 4 g bolus dose of acetaminophen (APAP) and from 3 receiving placebo. Treatment did not cause liver injury as assessed by traditional liver chemistries. However, 48 hours after exposure, treated subjects showed marked down-regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation/mitochondrial function that was not observed in the placebos (p <1.66E-19). The magnitude of down-regulation was positively correlated with the percent of APAP converted to the reactive metabolite NAPQI (r = 0.739; p=0.058). In addition, unbiased analysis of the serum metabolome revealed an increase in serum lactate from 24 to 72 hours post dosing in the treated subjects alone (p<0.005). Similar PB transcriptome changes were observed in human overdose patients and rats receiving toxic doses.
Statistical complexity and the road to equilibrium in many-body chaotic quantum systems
Creators: name: Muñoz-Arias, Manuel H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we revisit the problem of equilibration in isolated many-body interacting quantum systems. We pay particular attention to quantum chaotic Hamiltonians, and rather than focusing on the properties of the asymptotic states and how they adhere to the predictions of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis, we focus on the equilibration process itself, i.e., \emph{the road to equilibrium}. Along the road to equilibrium the diagonal ensembles obey an emergent form of the second law of thermodynamics and we provide an information theoretic proof of this fact. With this proof at hand we show that the road to equilibrium is nothing but a hierarchy in time of diagonal ensembles. Furthermore, introducing the notions of statistical complexity and the entropy-complexity plane, we investigate the uniqueness of the road to equilibrium in a generic many-body system by comparing its trajectories in the entropy-complexity plane to those generated by a random Hamiltonian. Finally by treating the random Hamiltonian as a perturbation we analyzed the stability of entropy-complexity trajectories associated with the road to equilibrium for a chaotic Hamiltonian and different types of initial states.
description: revised version, 14 pages, 4 figures, short appendix
Gunrock: A High-Performance Graph Processing Library on the GPU
Creators: name: Wang, Yangzihao
name: Davidson, Andrew
name: Pan, Yuechao
name: Wu, Yuduo
name: Riffel, Andy
name: Owens, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.1.3

description: For large-scale graph analytics on the GPU, the irregularity of data access and control flow, and the complexity of programming GPUs have been two significant challenges for developing a programmable high-performance graph library. "Gunrock", our graph-processing system designed specifically for the GPU, uses a high-level, bulk-synchronous, data-centric abstraction focused on operations on a vertex or edge frontier. Gunrock achieves a balance between performance and expressiveness by coupling high performance GPU computing primitives and optimization strategies with a high-level programming model that allows programmers to quickly develop new graph primitives with small code size and minimal GPU programming knowledge. We evaluate Gunrock on five key graph primitives and show that Gunrock has on average at least an order of magnitude speedup over Boost and PowerGraph, comparable performance to the fastest GPU hardwired primitives, and better performance than any other GPU high-level graph library.
description: 14 pages, accepted by PPoPP'16 (removed the text repetition in the previous version v5)
Causality assessment in drug-induced liver injury using a structured expert opinion process: Comparison to the Roussel-Uclaf causality assessment method
Creators: name: Seeff, Leonard B.
name: Fontana, Robert J.
name: Bonacini, Maurizio
name: Freston, James
name: Rockey, Don C.
name: Rochon, James
name: Chalasani, Naga
name: Hayashi, Paul H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is largely a diagnosis of exclusion and is therefore challenging. The US Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) prospective study used two methods to assess DILI causality: a structured expert opinion process and the Roussel-Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM). Causality assessment focused on detailed clinical and laboratory data from patients with suspected DILI. The adjudication process used standardized numerical and descriptive definitions and scored cases as definite, highly likely, probable, possible, or unlikely. Results of the structured expert opinion procedure were compared with those derived by the RUCAM approach. Among 250 patients with suspected DILI, the expert opinion adjudication process scored 78 patients (31%) as definite, 102 (41%) as highly likely, 37 (15%) as probable, 25 (10%) as possible, and 8 (3%) as unlikely. Among 187 enrollees who had received a single implicated drug, initial complete agreement was reached for 50 (27%) with the expert opinion process and for 34 (19%) with a five-category RUCAM scale (P = 0.08), and the two methods demonstrated a modest correlation with each other (Spearman's r = 0.42, P = 0.0001). Importantly, the RUCAM approach substantially shifted the causality likelihood toward lower probabilities in comparison with the DILIN expert opinion process.
PROSPECTS OF USING UZBEKISTAN'S SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY
Creators: name: Jabborova, Saodat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In the article, the author describes the role of the reforms implemented in New Uzbekistan in social development, turning the country into an all-round prosperous and prosperous country with strong potential and a decent reputation in the world arena, as well as the development strategy of New Uzbekistan as a whole that unites our people towards common goals. it is justified that it is a spiritual basis.
Global Food Insecurity and the Unequal Playing Field in World Agriculture
Creators: name: Moon, Wanki
name: Moon, Wanki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: global food insecurity
subject: unequal playing field in agricultural trade
subject: pro-poor growth

description: Global food insecurity is a challenge of grave importance that our humanity confronts still in the era of globalization in the 21st century. The article critically assesses the role of agricultural trade in coping with the challenge. In particular, it highlights how the lack of a level playing field in agricultural trade poses an obstacle in promoting global food security. Referring to institutions and rules governing international trade, the playing field in agricultural trade has grown unequal and biased against the agriculture of developing countries during the postwar period due to agricultural protection (tax) in developed (developing) countries and the current WTO trade rules. Full liberalization of agricultural trade may or may not repair the uneven playing field, hence it is not certain whether it would be effective in ameliorating the global food insecurity problem and in boosting agricultural growth in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which represent the two regions most vulnerable to food insecurity. However, agricultural trade liberalization is not expected in the future for political and other reasons. The article contends then that the next best strategy is to mend the uneven playing field by instituting a mechanism like the Development/Food Security Box which is comparable to the Green Box for the agriculture of developed countries.
On the group action of $Mod(M,F)$ on the disk complex
Creators: name: Kim, Jungsoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M50

description: Let $(\mathcal{V},\mathcal{W};F)$ be a weakly reducible, unstabilized, Heegaard splitting of genus at least three in an orientable, irreducible $3$-manifold $M$. Then $Mod(M,F)$ naturally acts on the disk complex $\mathcal{D}(F)$ as a group action. In this article, we prove if $F$ is topologically minimal and its topological index is two, then the orbit of any element of $\mathcal{D}(F)$ for this group action consists of infinitely many elements. Moreover, we prove there are at most two elements of $\mathcal{D}(F)$ whose orbits are finite if the genus of $F$ is three.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures, The title and the statements of the main theorems are changed. This version does not depend on the author's unaccepted preprints
Contemporary clinical research of traditional Chinese medicines for chronic hepatitis B in China: An analytical review
Creators: name: Zhang, Lingyi
name: Bonkovsky, Herbert L.
name: Wang, Guqi
name: Hou, Weihong
name: Li, Ping
name: Dulin, Andrea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is major global health problem. In China, where about 120,000,000 persons are chronically infected, CHB has been treated for centuries with traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). The aim of this review was to summarize and meta-analyze critically the results of randomized, controlled, clinical trials (RCTs) of TCM formulations reported from China in 1998--2008 for treatment of CHB. RCTs comparing either TCM formulations alone or in combination with interferon or lamivudine (IFN/LAM) versus IFN or LAM were included. The Chinese electronic databases were searched. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed by the Jadad-scale. Results: (i) TCM had a greater beneficial effect (p = 0.0003) than IFN and slightly better effect (p = 0.01) than LAM on normalization of serum ALT. (ii) TCM had a similar beneficial effect when compared with IFN or LAM for CHB on antiviral activity as evidenced by the loss of serum HBeAg and HBV DNA. (iii) TCM enhanced IFN and LAM anti-viral activities and improvements of liver function. Quality of many studies was poor; often, reports lacked information regarding methods of randomization or blinding, and adverse events. In conclusion, some TCM seem effective as alternative remedies for patients with CHB suggesting that further study of TCM in the treatment of CHB is warranted, both in pre-clinical models of HBV infection and in higher quality RCTs world-wide.
title: Humans of AI3SD: Christopher Gutteridge
Creators: name: Pauli, Michelle
name: Gutteridge, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Southampton
Year: 2022
Subjects: AI3SD, Interview

description: This forms part of our Humans of AI3SD Series.

In this Humans of AI4SD interview he discusses the evolution of ePrints, frustration around citations and the need to standardise data publishing.
Kupffer cell and interleukin-12-dependent loss of natural killer T cells in hepatosteatosis
Creators: name: Zacks, Steven
name: Wheeler, Michael D.
name: Rippe, Richard A.
name: Milton, Richard J.
name: Hines, Ian N.
name: Fried, Michael
name: Perry, Ashley W.
name: Kremer, Michael
name: Thomas, Emmanuel
name: van Rooijen, Nico
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Hepatosteatosis is associated with increased expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-12, major T helper (Th) 1 cytokines, and reduced hepatic NKT cell numbers. The relationship between lipid accumulation, cytokine expression, and hepatic NKT cells is not known. This study was conducted to assess the role of IL-12 in the development of hepatic steatosis and its potential impact on liver NKT cells.
MicroRNA-196 represses Bach1 protein and hepatitis C virus gene expression in human hepatoma cells expressing hepatitis C viral proteins
Creators: name: Hou, Weihong
name: Zheng, Jianyu
name: Tian, Qing
name: Bonkovsky, Herbert L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) directly induces oxidative stress and liver injury. Bach1, a zipper (bZip) mammalian transcriptional repressor, negatively regulates heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), a key cytoprotective enzyme that has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs (~22 nt) that are important regulators of gene expression. Whether and how microRNAs regulate Bach1 or HCV are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to determine whether miR-196 regulates Bach1, HMOX1, and/or HCV gene expression. HCV replicon cell lines (Con1 and 9-13) of the Con1 isolate and J6/JFH1-based HCV cell culture system were used in this study. The effects of miR-196 mimic on Bach1, HMOX1 and HCV RNA and protein levels were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blots, respectively. The Dual Glo™ Luciferase Assay System was used to determine reporter activities. miR-196 mimic significantly down-regulated Bach1 and up-regulated HMOX1 gene expression, and inhibited HCV expression. Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that transfection of miR-196 mimic resulted in a significant decrease in Bach1 3′-UTR-dependent luciferase activity but not in mutant Bach1 3′-UTR-dependent luciferase activity. Moreover, there was no detectable effect of mutant miR-196 on Bach1 3′-UTR-dependent luciferase activity.
Providing Long-Term Participation Incentive in Participatory Sensing
Creators: name: Gao, Lin
name: Hou, Fen
name: Huang, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Providing an adequate long-term participation incentive is important for a participatory sensing system to maintain enough number of active users (sensors), so as to collect a sufficient number of data samples and support a desired level of service quality. In this work, we consider the sensor selection problem in a general time-dependent and location-aware participatory sensing system, taking the long-term user participation incentive into explicit consideration. We study the problem systematically under different information scenarios, regarding both future information and current information (realization). In particular, we propose a Lyapunov-based VCG auction policy for the on-line sensor selection, which converges asymptotically to the optimal off-line benchmark performance, even with no future information and under (current) information asymmetry. Extensive numerical results show that our proposed policy outperforms the state-of-art policies in the literature, in terms of both user participation (e.g., reducing the user dropping probability by 25% to 90%) and social performance (e.g., increasing the social welfare by 15% to 80%).
description: This manuscript serves as the online technical report of the article published in IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2015
HySIM: A Hybrid Spectrum and Information Market for TV White Space Networks
Creators: name: Luo, Yuan
name: Gao, Lin
name: Huang, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a hybrid spectrum and information market for a database-assisted TV white space network, where the geo-location database serves as both a spectrum market platform and an information market platform. We study the inter- actions among the database operator, the spectrum licensee, and unlicensed users systematically, using a three-layer hierarchical model. In Layer I, the database and the licensee negotiate the commission fee that the licensee pays for using the spectrum market platform. In Layer II, the database and the licensee compete for selling information or channels to unlicensed users. In Layer III, unlicensed users determine whether they should buy the exclusive usage right of licensed channels from the licensee, or the information regarding unlicensed channels from the database. Analyzing such a three-layer model is challenging due to the co-existence of both positive and negative network externalities in the information market. We characterize how the network externalities affect the equilibrium behaviours of all parties involved. Our numerical results show that the proposed hybrid market can improve the network profit up to 87%, compared with a pure information market. Meanwhile, the achieved network profit is very close to the coordinated benchmark solution (the gap is less than 4% in our simulation).
description: This manuscript serves as the online technical report of the article published in IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2015
Observation of Γ-valley moiré bands and emergent hexagonal lattice in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Pei, Ding
name: Wang, Binbin
name: Zhou, Zishu
name: He, Zhihai
name: An, Liheng
name: He, Shanmei
name: Chen, Cheng
name: Li, Yiwei
name: Wei, Liyang
name: Liang, Aiji
name: Avila, Jose
name: Dudin, Pavel
name: Kandyba, Viktor
name: Giampietri, Alessio
name: Cattelan, Mattia
name: Barinov, Alexei
name: Liu, Zhongkai
name: Liu, Jianpeng
name: Weng, Hongming
name: Wang, Ning
name: Xue, Jiamin
name: Chen, Yulin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted van der Waals heterostructures have recently been proposed as a condensed-matter platform for realizing controllable quantum models due to the low-energy moiré bands with specific charge distributions in moiré superlattices. Here, combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with sub-micron spatial resolution (μ-ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we performed a systematic investigation on the electronic structure of 5.1° twisted bilayer WSe2 that hosts correlated insulating and zero-resistance states. Interestingly, contrary to one's expectation, moiré bands were observed only at Γ-valley but not K-valley in μ-ARPES measurements; and correspondingly, our STM measurements clearly identified the real-space honeycomb- and Kagome-shaped charge distributions at the moiré length scale associated with the Γ-valley moiré bands. These results not only reveal the unsual valley dependent moiré-modified electronic structure in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides, but also highlight the Γ-valley moiré bands as a promising platform for exploring strongly correlated physics in emergent honeycomb and Kagome lattices at different energy scales.
description: 29 pages, accepted by PRX