cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hybrid modeling of plasmas
Creators: name: Holmstrom, Mats
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present the mathematical and numerical details of a general hybrid model for plasmas. All grid quantities are stored at cell centers on the grid. The most common discretization of the fields in PIC solvers is to have the electric and magnetic fields staggered, introduced by Yee. This automatically ensures that div(B)=0, down to round-off errors. Here we instead present a cell centered discretization of the magnetic field. That the standard cell centered second order stencil for rot(E) in Faraday's law will preserve div(B)=0 was noted by Toth. The advantage of a cell centered discretization is ease of implementation, and the possibility to use available solvers that only handle cell centered variables. We also show that the proposed method has very good energy conservation for a simple test problem in three dimensions, when compared to a commonly used algorithm.
description: 5 pages, LaTeX; Submitted to the Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications, 2009; Small language corrections
Vision Language Models for Spreadsheet Understanding: Challenges and Opportunities
Creators: name: Xia, Shiyu
name: Xiong, Junyu
name: Dong, Haoyu
name: Zhao, Jianbo
name: Tian, Yuzhang
name: Zhou, Mengyu
name: He, Yeye
name: Han, Shi
name: Zhang, Dongmei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper explores capabilities of Vision Language Models on spreadsheet comprehension. We propose three self-supervised challenges with corresponding evaluation metrics to comprehensively evaluate VLMs on Optical Character Recognition (OCR), spatial perception, and visual format recognition. Additionally, we utilize the spreadsheet table detection task to assess the overall performance of VLMs by integrating these challenges. To probe VLMs more finely, we propose three spreadsheet-to-image settings: column width adjustment, style change, and address augmentation. We propose variants of prompts to address the above tasks in different settings. Notably, to leverage the strengths of VLMs in understanding text rather than two-dimensional positioning, we propose to decode cell values on the four boundaries of the table in spreadsheet boundary detection. Our findings reveal that VLMs demonstrate promising OCR capabilities but produce unsatisfactory results due to cell omission and misalignment, and they notably exhibit insufficient spatial and format recognition skills, motivating future work to enhance VLMs' spreadsheet data comprehension capabilities using our methods to generate extensive spreadsheet-image pairs in various settings.
PT Symmetry as a Generalization of Hermiticity
Creators: name: Wang, Qing-hai
name: Chia, Song-zhi
name: Zhang, Jie-hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hilbert space in PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is formulated as a linear vector space with a dynamic inner product. The most general PT-symmetric matrix Hamiltonians are constructed for 2*2 and 3*3 cases. In the former case, the PT-symmetric Hamiltonian represents the most general matrix Hamiltonian with a real spectrum. In both cases, Hermitian matrices are shown to be special cases of PT-symmetric matrices. This finding confirms and strengthens the early belief that the PT-symmetric quantum mechanics is a generalization of the conventional Hermitian quantum mechanics.
description: 13 pages
Szenarien für die Karlsruher Oststadt Umnutzung von Verkehrsflächen als Beitrag zu einer nachhaltigen Quartiersentwicklung
Creators: name: Engel, Barbara
name: Grenz, Daniel
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021

description: Mit der Beanspruchung großer Flächen für fahrende und parkierende Fahrzeuge hat der private Autoverkehr beträchtliche Auswirkungen auf das Ortsbild, aber auch die Lebensqualität in den Städten. Derzeit wird diskutiert, dass zukünftig neue, autonome Mobilitätsangebote, z.B. in Form kleiner und flexibler, selbstfahrender Shuttle-Busse, die Zahl an privaten Pkw und damit insbesondere den Bedarf nach Stellplätzen zurückgehen las- sen könnten. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel der Karlsruher Oststadt untersucht, welche neuen städtebaulichen Möglichkeiten sich ergeben könnten, wenn Parkplätze im Quartier nicht mehr benötigt würden. Wie die Ergebnisse zeigen, böte die Reduzierung von parkenden Kfz im öffentlichen Raum und auf privaten Liegenschaften große Chancen für einen Raumgewinn – mehr Platz für andere Verkehrsteilnehmer, für vielfältige Nutzungen und mehr Grün. Gleichzeitig wird deutlich, dass diese Flächen aufgrund ihrer Kleinteiligkeit und Fragmentiertheit sich nur für bestimmte Nutzungen eignen. Auch wenn die konkrete Umgestaltung einer weiteren Betrachtung und Planung bedarf, werden die vorhandenen Potenziale für die Aufwertung von Stadträumen deutlich.
The case for a moratorium on Southern Ocean krill harvesting : an analysis of the application of the precautionary approach to, and the current inadequacies of, the krill management regime in international environmental law
Creators: name: Bender, PR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The Antarctic is one of the world's largest and most isolated wilderness areas. The Antarctic krill is a small crustacean that is one of the most pivotal species in the vulnerable Antarctic ecosystem. Accordingly, it is extremely important that the krill is given adequate legal protection by the international regulatory and management regime. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the world's international legal regime in the context of the Antarctic krill. In particular, this thesis examines the adequacy of the current legal regime to provide effective management of krill and other Antarctic. marine species in light of the problem of illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing in the Southern Ocean. The thesis examines both legal theory and practical management in the specific context of the Antarctic krill. The aim of the thesis is to recommend an appropriate regulatory framework for the Antarctic krill in light of the \precautionary approach\" to fisheries management given the krill's importance to the Antarctic ecosystem."
Geometrothermodynamics of black holes in two dimensions
Creators: name: Quevedo, Hernando
name: Sanchez, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of two-dimensional dilatonic black holes from the viewpoint of geometrothermodynamics. We show that the thermodynamic curvature of the equilibrium space vanishes only in the case of a flat spacetime, and it reproduces correctly the behavior of the thermodynamic interaction and phase transition structure of the corresponding black hole configurations.
description: Final version, published in Phys. Rev. D 79, 087504 (2009)
A New Technique for Determining Europium Abundances in Solar-Metallicity Stars
Creators: name: Peek, Kathryn M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new technique for measuring the abundance of europium, a representative r-process element, in solar-metallicity stars. Our algorithm compares LTE synthetic spectra with high-resolution observational spectra using a chi-square-minimization routine. The analysis is fully automated, and therefore allows consistent measurement of blended lines even across very large stellar samples. We compare our results with literature europium abundance measurements and find them to be consistent; we also find our method generates smaller errors.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Microtubular Gas Diffusion Electrode Based on Ruthenium-Carbon Nanotubes for Ambient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia
Creators: name: Wei, Xin
name: Vogel, Dominik
name: Keller, Laura
name: Kriescher, Stefanie
name: Wessling, Matthias
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: ambient ammonia synthesis
subject: electrochemical nitrogen reduction
subject: mass transfer enhancement
subject: microtubular gas diffusion electrode
subject: ruthenium nanoparticles
subject: 540

description: The drawback of the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process promotes the research and development of alternative ammonia (NH3) synthesis approaches. The electrochemical nitrogen (N2) reduction reaction (eNRR) may offer a promising method to produce NH3 independent of fossil-fuel-based hydrogen production. However, the low solubility and the low-efficiency mass transport of N2 in aqueous electrolytes are still among the challenges facing the feasibility of eNRR. Herein, we demonstrate a microtubular ruthenium-carbon nanotube gas diffusion electrode (Ru−CNT GDE), for the first time, applying it to electrochemical NH3 synthesis in an H-type cell under ambient conditions. The highest reported Ru-catalyzed NH3 yield rate of 2.1×10−9 mol/cm2 s and high faradaic efficiency of 13.5 % were achieved, showing the superior effect of Ru−CNT GDEs on the eNRR performance. This work provides a new approach for the design and fabrication of self-standing catalyst-loaded GDEs for eNRR. © 2020 The Authors. ChemElectroChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH
Duszpasterstwo garnizonowe w Bydgoszczy (1945–1991)
Creators: name: Pastuszewski, Stefan
Publisher: name: Kronika Bydgoska
Year: 2023

description: Dzieje parafi i garnizonu Bydgoszcz w okresie Polski Ludowej są zróżnicowane w zależności od sytuacji społeczno-politycznej w państwie oraz polityki prowadzonej przez PZPR. Zaczęły się one od pozoranckiego wykorzystywania duszpasterstwa wojskowego do legitymizacji nowej władzy, poprzez marginalizację i atrapizację duszpasterstwa, a skończyły mimowolnym stykiem z opozycją niepodległościowo-demokratyczną i przeobrażeniami zgodnymi z przełomem politycznym 1989 roku.
description: Kronika Bydgoska, Tom 44 (2023): Kronika Bydgoska
Accurate universal models for the mass accretion histories and concentrations of dark matter halos
Creators: name: Zhao, D. H.
name: Jing, Y. P.
name: Mo, H. J.
name: Boerner, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large amount of observations have constrained cosmological parameters and the initial density fluctuation spectrum to a very high accuracy. However, cosmological parameters change with time and the power index of the power spectrum varies with mass scale dramatically in the so-called concordance Lambda CDM cosmology. Thus, any successful model for its structural evolution should work well simultaneously for various cosmological models and different power spectra. We use a large set of high-resolution N-body simulations of a variety of structure formation models (scale-free, standard CDM, open CDM, and Lambda CDM) to study the mass accretion histories (MAHs), the mass and redshift dependence of concentrations and the concentration evolution histories of dark matter halos. We find that there is significant disagreement between the much-used empirical models in the literature and our simulations. According to two simple but tight correlations we find from the simulation results, we develop new empirical models for both the MAHs and the concentration evolution histories of dark matter halos, and the latter can also be used to predict the mass and redshift dependence of halo concentrations. These models are accurate and universal: the same set of model parameters works well for different cosmological models and for halos of different masses at different redshifts and the model predictions are highly accurate even when the histories are traced to very high redshift. These models are also simple and easy to implement. A web calculator and a user-friendly code to make the relevant calculations are available from http://www.shao.ac.cn/dhzhao/mandc.html . We explain why Lambda CDM halos on nearly all mass scales show two distinct phases in their evolution histories.
description: 17 pages, including 22 figures, publicated in ApJ; V2: some new figures added; V3: some typo fixed
Gradual pressure-induced enhancement of magnon excitations in CeCoSi
Creators: name: Nikitin, S.E.
name: Franco, D.G.
name: Kwon, J.
name: Bewley, R.
name: Podlesnyak, A.
name: Hoser, A.
name: Koza, M.M.
name: Geibel, C.
name: Stockert, O.
Publisher: name: Woodbury, NY : Inst.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Hydraulics
subject: Hydrostatic pressure
subject: Neutron scattering
subject: 530

description: CeCoSi is an intermetallic antiferromagnet with a very unusual temperature-pressure phase diagram: At ambient pressure it orders below TN=8.8K, while application of hydrostatic pressure induces a new magnetically ordered phase with exceptionally high transition temperature of ∼40K at 1.5 GPa. We studied the magnetic properties and the pressure-induced magnetic phase of CeCoSi by means of elastic and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) and heat capacity measurements. At ambient pressure CeCoSi orders into a simple commensurate AFM structure with a reduced ordered moment of only mCe=0.37(6)μB. Specific heat and low-energy INS indicate a significant gap in the low-energy magnon excitation spectrum in the antiferromagnetic phase, with the CEF excitations located above 10 meV. Hydrostatic pressure gradually shifts the energy of the magnon band towards higher energies and the temperature dependence of the magnons measured at 1.5 GPa is consistent with the phase diagram. Moreover, the CEF excitations are also drastically modified under pressure. © 2020 authors.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in rare earth magnets production: A review on state of the art and SWOT analysis
Creators: name: Canal Bonfante, Mariele
name: Prats Raspini, Jéssica
name: Belo Fernandes, Ivan
name: Fernandes, Suélen
name: M.S. Campos, Lucila
name: Estevam Alarcon, Orestes
Publisher: name: Rodare
Year: 2021
Subjects: NdFeB; Energy resources; Energy transition; Rare earth; Sustainable development goals; Critical review

description: Review paper published on the journal " Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews", presenting the contribution of NdFeB magnets in achieving SDGs was evaluated through a SWOT analysis. Abstract: Rare Earth Magnets (REM), especially the NdFeB type, are essential components in high-performance electric motors and wind turbines, playing an important role in the shift towards a low-carbon energy matrix. However, little work has been done to understand how the production of REM can be in line with the global sustainable transition. To overcome this lack and help with future research, as well as decision-making, this paper provides a literature overview of which aspects of sustainability are being investigated in the REM supply chain, and how each of them contributes to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This research is developed through a consistent analysis of 44 peer-reviewed publications, followed by an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Four main subjects of studies were identified: environmental impact; social impact; economic aspects and circular economy. Most of the studies focus on computing the environmental impact through life cycle assessment and discussing techniques towards exploring the circular economy concept. In addition to contributing to a greener economy, the majors identified strengths of REM are the great potential of its supply chain in reducing primary resource extraction, since REM recovery and recycling seem to be viable, and the promising techniques to minimize environmental impacts along the rare earth elements production chain.
Hidden symmetries for thermodynamics and emergence of relativity
Creators: name: Zhao, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Erik Verlinde recently proposed an idea about the thermodynamic origin of gravity. Though this is a beautiful idea which may resolve many long standing problems in the theories of gravity, it also raises many other problems. In this article I will comment on some of the problems of Verlinde's proposal with special emphasis on the thermodynamical origin of the principle of relativity. It is found that there is a large group of hidden symmetries of thermodynamics which contains the Poincare group of the spacetime for which space is emergent. This explains the thermodynamic origin of the principle of relativity.
description: V1: 4 pages, comments/criticisms welcomed; V2: references added; V3: typos and minor corrections? V4? substantial changes in Section 3 and other parts made
Exploring run-and-tumble movement in confined settings through simulation
Creators: name: Zamora, Dario Javier
name: Artuso, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motion in bounded domains is a fundamental concept in various fields, including billiard dynamics and random walks on finite lattices, with important applications in physics, ecology and biology. An important universal property related to the average return time to the boundary, the Mean Path Length Theorem (MPLT), has been proposed theoretically and confirmed experimentally in various contexts. In this discussion, we investigate a wide range of mechanisms that lead to deviations from this universal behavior, such as boundary effects, reorientation and memory processes. In particular, this study investigates the dynamics of run-and-tumble particles within a confined two-dimensional circular domain. Through a combination of theoretical approaches and numerical simulations, we validate the MPLT under uniform and isotropic particle inflow conditions. The research demonstrates that although the MPLT is generally applicable for different step length distributions, deviations occur for non-uniform angular distributions, non-elastic boundary conditions or memory processes. These results underline the crucial influence of boundary interactions and angular dynamics on the behaviour of particles in confined spaces. Our results provide new insights into the geometry and dynamics of motion in confined spaces and contribute to a better understanding of a broad spectrum of phenomena ranging from the motion of bacteria to neutron transport. This type of analysis is crucial in situations where inhomogeneity occurs, such as multiple real-world scenarios within a limited domain. This bridges the gap between theoretical models and practical applications in biological and physical systems since the study of the statistics of movement in confined settings can bring some light in explaining the mobility mechanism of active agents.
Molecular beam epitaxy of graphene on ultra-smooth nickel: growth mode and substrate interactions
Creators: name: Wofford, J.M.
name: Oliveira Jr, M.H.
name: Schumann, T.
name: Jenichen, B.
name: Ramsteiner, M.
name: Jahn, U.
name: Fölsch, S.
name: Lopes, J.M.J.
name: Riechert, H.
Publisher: name: London : Institute of Physics
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: graphene, molecular beam epitaxy, graphene–substrate interaction, heteroepitaxy, nickel
subject: 620

description: Graphene is grown by molecular beam epitaxy using epitaxial Ni films on MgO(111) as substrates. Raman spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy reveal the graphene films to have few crystalline defects. While the layers are ultra-smooth over large areas, we find that Ni surface features lead to local non-uniformly thick graphene inclusions. The influence of the Ni surface structure on the position and morphology of these inclusions strongly suggests that multilayer graphene on Ni forms at the interface of the first complete layer and metal substrate in a growth-from-below mechanism. The interplay between Ni surface features and graphene growth behavior may facilitate the production of films with spatially resolved multilayer inclusions through engineered substrate surface morphology.
Guiding shear bands in bulk metallic glasses using stress fields : A perspective from the activation of flow units
Creators: name: Kosiba, K.
name: Scudino, S.
name: Bednarcik, J.
name: Bian, J.
name: Liu, G.
name: Kühn, U.
name: Pauly, S.
Publisher: name: Woodbury, NY : Inst.
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical activation
subject: Glass
subject: Metallic glass
subject: 530

description: Controlling shear band propagation is the key to obtain ductile metallic glasses. Here, we use a residual stress field to vary the direction of shear band propagation. We ascribe this behavior to the effect of the stress field on the activation of shear transformation zones (STZs) along their characteristic direction and we quantify this contribution to the energy of the process. Because of the progressively adverse orientation of the stress field, the energy stored as shear in the STZ decreases to a level where shear band propagation at alternative angles becomes energetically more favorable. © 2020 authors.
A far-infrared survey at the North Galactic Pole I: Nearby star-forming galaxies and the effect of confused sources on source counts
Creators: name: Vaisanen, Petri
name: Kotilainen, Jari K.
name: Juvela, Mika
name: Mattila, Kalevi
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
name: Kahanpaa, Jere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present follow-up observations of the far-infrared (FIR) sources at 90, 150 and 180 mu detected as part of the ISOPHOT EBL project, which has recently measured the absolute surface brightness of the cosmic infrared background radiation (CIRB) for the first time independently from COBE data. We have observed the fields at the North Galactic Pole region in the optical and near-IR, and complement these data with SDSS photometry, and spectroscopy where available, and present identifications of the 25 FIR sources which reach down to ~150 mJy in all three ISOPHOT bands. Identifications are done by means of full spectral energy density fitting to all sources in the FIR error circle areas. Approximately 80 per cent are identified as star-forming or star-bursting galaxies at z<0.3. We also find that more than half of the counterparts have disturbed morphologies, with signs of past or present interactions. However, only 20 per cent of all the sources are uniquely matched with a single galaxy -- 40 per cent are blends of two or more of these nearby star-forming galaxies, while another 20 per cent are likely blends of nearby and fainter galaxies. The final 20 per cent are likely to be more luminous IR galaxies at higher redshifts. The blended sources have an effect on the FIR source counts. In particular, taking into account realistic confusion or blending of sources, the differential FIR counts move down by a factor of ~1.5 and steepen in the 100 to 400 mJy range.
description: 18 pages, MNRAS accepted version. Results unchanged but the discussion on confusion effects is expanded significantly. Several new references and a photometry table added
BIOVEXO Flyer IT
Creators: name: Kolman, David
name: Saldarelli, Pasquale
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Xylella fastidiosa

description: Il progetto BIOVEXO valuta l’azione di sei innovativi bioformulati diretti contro il batterio Xylella fastidiosa.
Almost a walker's paradise: A history of the Cradle Mt-Lake StClair Scenic Reserve to May 1922
Creators: name: Jetson, T
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis traces the transformation of the Cradle Mt-Lake StClair National Park from waste land to a mecca for bushwalkcrs. It is based on the premise that walking in wild places does not occur until walking is a valued pastime, such places are identified, appreciated and made accessible, and there is a group with the affluence, time, and inclination to walk there. Romantic, and later environmental, ideology underpinning this development provided a framework within which colonists viewed the landscape. Aborigines and later European pastoralists, hunters, piners and miners modified the landscape, and explorers, government and private, discovered and made known the area. The continuing search for grazing lands and gold made the area more accessible to the general public. From the mid 19th century the number of walkers, including women, increased from a few to a steady trickle. Most were educated middle and upper class professionals and nearly all relied on locals, often hunters and prospectors, as guides. Although attitudes to the land remained predominantly utili tarian throughout the 19th century, there always existed a minority whose appreciation was aesthetic. Expressing approval in Australian tenns was a slow process and even by May 1922 when the area became a scenic reserve some comparisons were unmistakably British. Many forces contributed to this evolution. Some were Australian adaptations of international concerns such as the influence of natural history, a perceived need to protect and preserve naive flora and fauna and reserve lands from exploitative land uses. An ever increasing proportion of native born in the population grew up knowing no other landscape. The works of artists and photographers played a central role in awakening this new appreciation. International examples provided models for land protection and indicated potential economic benefits from tourism to national parks. Tourism bodies and scientific associations coalesced to lobby successfully for national parks and scenic reserves. Passage of the Scenery Preservation Act 1915 and creation of the National Park, 1916, signified government approval for these new ideas. Gustav Weindorfer, Clive Lord, ET Emmett and Fred Smithies spearheaded a campaign for a national park for the Cradle Mt-Lake St Clair area. Pressure from mining and hunting groups ensured that a compromise, a scenic reserve, was reached. The decision recognised bushwalking as one component of tourism-recreation dominance as exploitative land uses continued within or surrounding The Reserve.
Optimizaiton with random error
Creators: name: Booth, Robin Geoffrey
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A new evolutionary operation called the complicial method is presented. The main criterion, which is adhered to, is that changes in the independent variables are restricted to a small step-size from a previous best trial. The complicial method is essentially a modification of the simplicial method proposed by Spendley, Hext and Himsworth in which these authors employ regular type arrays in a sequential type search for the optimum. The complicial method differs from the simplicial method in that an irregular array is formed when (and only when) the last trial is proven to be the best of those previously tested. The design of this irregular array is such that a regular array can be formed when the last trial is proven not to be the best so far. The complicial method is compared to the simplicial method for a wide variety of response surfaces in both the absence and presence of random error. It is found that the complicial method is much more effective (i.e. the relative effectiveness is very large) for almost all the test response surfaces involving a small number of variables. Although an increase in the amount of random error decreases the effectiveness of both methods, the relative effectiveness generally remains unchanged. However, as the number of variables is increased the relative effectiveness is found to decrease markedly. This is explained by considerations of the basic design of the regular and irregular arrays. Because the complicial method sacrifices some of the simplicity characteristic of the simplicial method, it is recommended that the complicial method be applied only in situations where the relative effectiveness is very large. Therefore, this method is best used for all types of response surfaces involving a small number, of variables.
Supplementary document for Simultaneous 3D deconvolution and halo removal for spatial light interference microscopy through a two-edge-apodized wiener filter - 5619802.pdf
Creators: name: Pan, Yang
name: Guo, Siyue
name: Smith, Zachary
name: Chu, Kaiqin
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: supplemental material
Dark Matter Halo Mergers I: Dependence on Environment & Redshift Evolution
Creators: name: Hester, J. A.
name: Tasitsiomi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a study of the specific merger rate as a function of group membership, local environment, and redshift in a very large, $500h^{-1} Mpc$, cosmological N-body simulation, the \textit{Millennium Simulation}. The goal is to provide environmental diagnostics of major merger populations in order to test simulations against observations and provide further constraints on major merger driven galaxy evolution scenarios. A halo sample is defined using the maximum circular velocity, which is both well defined for subhalos and closely correlated with galaxy luminosity. Subhalos, including the precursors of major mergers, are severely tidally stripped. Major mergers between subhalos are therefore extremely rare. Tidal stripping also suppresses dynamical friction, resulting in long major merger time scales when the more massive halo does not host other subhalos. In contrast, when other subhalos are present major merger time scales are several times shorter. This enhancement is likely due to inelastic unbound collisions between subhalos. Following these results, we predict that major mergers in group environments are dominated by mergers involving the central galaxy, that the specific merger rate is suppressed in groups, and that the frequency of fainter companions is enhanced for mergers and their remnants. We also observe an `assembly bias' in the major merger rate in that mergers of galaxy-like halos are slightly suppressed in overdense environments while mergers of group-like halos are slightly enhanced. A dynamical explanation for this trend is advanced which calls on both tidal effects and interactions between bound halos beyond the virial radii of locally dynamically dominant halos.
description: 44 pages, 8 figures, Preprint Submitted to ApJ
Writing songs and writing a record: Inside the composition of an Acoustic Pop Album.
Creators: name: Arnold, G
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This project is a study of the author's creative practice as a songwriter, record producer and performer of mostly (but not exclusively) acoustic pop music. This project has been pursued though performance and composition and is documented in the folio of recordings and the accompanying exegesis. The folio of this submission is weighted at eighty per cent and the exegesis at twenty per cent. It involves the creation of a new studio album by The Swamp Dandies. For this album the author has been songwriter, vocalist, instrumentalist, arranger, engineer and producer. In recognition of the interdependence of component stages, the exegesis provides an analytical narrative account of the entire compositional journey of the album from pre-tracking songwriting through to mastering. Utilising reflective journals and participant interviews undertaken throughout the process it documents and analyses the deliberate and intuitive‚ÄövÑvp creative methods involved in all of these tasks. It engages with the emerging scholarly discipline of the art of record production, pursuing a holistic perspective. It also considers the significance of the author's biography, subcultural musical scenes and the contestable notion of authenticity. Throughout the exegesis the autoethnographic reflections are related back to corresponding academic and popular cultural discourses. Across the candidature the author has been active within the industry and as a Higher Education Music (and Music Industry) Educator. Consequently, the project documents and examines this specific four-year period in an ongoing musical career. In addition to the recordings specific to The Swamp Dandies project, the folio also contains additional record productions from both industrial and educational settings, the documentation of live performance work and a final live performance.
Quantum many-body spin ratchets
Creators: name: Zadnik, Lenart
name: Ljubotina, Marko
name: Krajnik, Žiga
name: Ilievski, Enej
name: Prosen, Tomaž
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Introducing a class of SU(2) invariant quantum unitary circuits generating chiral transport, we examine the role of broken space-reflection and time-reversal symmetries on spin transport properties. Upon adjusting parameters of local unitary gates, the dynamics can be either chaotic or integrable. The latter corresponds to a generalization of the space-time discretized (Trotterized) higher-spin quantum Heisenberg chain. We demonstrate that breaking of space-reflection symmetry results in a drift in the dynamical spin susceptibility. Remarkably, we find a universal drift velocity given by a simple formula which, at zero average magnetization, depends only on the values of SU(2) Casimir invariants associated with local spins. In the integrable case, the drift velocity formula is confirmed analytically based on the exact solution of thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations. Finally, by inspecting the large fluctuations of the time-integrated current between two halves of the system in stationary maximum-entropy states, we demonstrate violation of the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry, implying that such states cannot be regarded as equilibrium ones. We show that the scaled cumulant generating function of the time-integrated current instead obeys a generalized fluctuation relation.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
Graceful exit via monopoles in a theory with O'Raifeartaigh type supersymmetry breaking
Creators: name: Kumar, Brijesh
name: Yajnik, Urjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stability of supersymmetry breaking metastable vacua and supersymmetric vacua in the presence of solitons. The metastable vacua of supersymmetric QCD and those found elsewhere such as in models based on the SU(5) grand unified group support the existence of topological solitons. The vacua containing such topological defects can become unstable against decay into lower energy configurations. We show for a specific model that a finite region of the available parameter space of couplings becomes disallowed due to the presence of monopoles. In a manner similar to previous studies based on cosmic strings, it is shown that soliton solutions arising in supersymmetric theories can put constraints on the range of allowed values of the couplings arising in the theories. Implications for cosmology are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Tuning Magnetic and Transport Properties in Quasi-2D (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 Single Crystals
Creators: name: Shemerliuk, Yuliia
name: Zhou, Yonghui
name: Yang, Zhaorong
name: Cao, Gang
name: Wolter, Anja U.
name: Büchner, Bernd
name: Aswartham, Saicharan
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: crystal growth
subject: chemical vapor transport
subject: 2D-van der Waals crystals
subject: XRD
subject: insulator to metal transition
subject: 621,3

description: We report an optimized chemical vapor transport method to grow single crystals of (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 where x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1. Single crystals up to 4 mm × 3 mm × 200 μm were obtained by this method. As-grown crystals are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. The structural characterization shows that all crystals crystallize in monoclinic symmetry with the space group C2/m (No. 12). We have further investigated the magnetic properties of this series of single crystals. The magnetic measurements of the all as-grown single crystals show long-range antiferromagnetic order along all principal crystallographic axes. Overall, the Néel temperature TN is non-monotonous; with increasing Ni2+ doping, the temperature of the antiferromagnetic phase transition first decreases from 80 K for pristine Mn2P2S6 (x = 0) up to x = 0.5 and then increases again to 155 K for pure Ni2P2S6 (x = 1). The magnetic anisotropy switches from out-of-plane to in-plane as a function of composition in (Mn1−xNix)2P2S6 series. Transport studies under hydrostatic pressure on the parent compound Mn2P2S6 evidence an insulator-metal transition at an applied critical pressure of ~22 GPa.
Transición Étnica entre Polacos y Mexicanos
Creators: name: Pdolej, Greg
name: Moreno, Maria
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2023

description: Describe la historia del asentamiento polaco en South Bend, la entrada de la comunidad mexicana y los procesos de transición étnica. Se enfoca en los efectos observables de esta transición en la parroquia San Adalberto y la Panadería Central. En Inglés y Español.
O-Minimal Hybrid Reachability Games
Creators: name: Bouyer, Patricia
name: Brihaye, Thomas
name: Chevalier, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.1; F.4.1

description: In this paper, we consider reachability games over general hybrid systems, and distinguish between two possible observation frameworks for those games: either the precise dynamics of the system is seen by the players (this is the perfect observation framework), or only the starting point and the delays are known by the players (this is the partial observation framework). In the first more classical framework, we show that time-abstract bisimulation is not adequate for solving this problem, although it is sufficient in the case of timed automata . That is why we consider an other equivalence, namely the suffix equivalence based on the encoding of trajectories through words. We show that this suffix equivalence is in general a correct abstraction for games. We apply this result to o-minimal hybrid systems, and get decidability and computability results in this framework. For the second framework which assumes a partial observation of the dynamics of the system, we propose another abstraction, called the superword encoding, which is suitable to solve the games under that assumption. In that framework, we also provide decidability and computability results.
Development and novel application of an in vitro fish gill cell assay to elucidate the ichthyotoxic mechanism of the microalga Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae)
Creators: name: Dorantes Aranda, JJ
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Chattonella marina algal blooms have been associated with major farmed and wild fish mortalities in tropical (Mexico), subtropical (South Australia) and temperate regions (Japan). However, the precise toxic mechanisms involved remain incompletely known and disputed. A novel sensitive in vitro assay using the rainbow trout cell line RTgill-W1 was developed to assess toxicity of lipid extracts, ruptured cells and intact cultures of 6 strains of C. marina. Chattonella was found to be less toxic than the haptophyte Prymnesium parvum, but more toxic than the raphidophytes Heterosigma akashiwo, Fibrocapsa japonica and dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Ruptured cells from Australian CMPL01 and Japanese N-118 C. marina strains were the most toxic, decreasing gill cell viability by 71 and 65%, respectively. The Mexican CMCV-1 strain was the least toxic (35%), possibly because it is larger and less fragile than other strains. Chattonella marina is unique among ichthyotoxic microalgae in its high production of superoxide anion (19 pmol cell\\(^{-1}\\) hr\\(^{-1}\\)). Sonicated cultures showed higher levels of superoxide than intact cultures (19.0 vs 9.5 pmol cell\\(^{-1}\\) hr\\(^{-1}\\), respectively). However, O\\(^2\\) - on its own did not appear to be the main cause of toxicity (only 14% loss of cell viability). Superoxide production was highest when grown in medium enriched with 1 ˜í¬¿M Fe(III) compared to the 5 ˜í¬¿M standard medium (25 vs 9.5 pmol cell\\(^{-1}\\) hr\\(^{-1}\\)), especially after a sudden change from dark adaptation to light conditions (200 ˜í¬¿mol photons m\\(^{-2}\\) s-1) (up to 37.6), but lowest (4.1) at 100 nM Fe(III). The three major fatty acids in C. marina were palmitic (PA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and octadecatetraenoic (OTA) acids. Higher levels of EPA were found in ruptured cells (21.4 ‚Äö- 29.4% of total fatty acids) compared to intact cells (8.5 ‚Äö- 25.3%). Gill damaging effects from free fatty acid (FFA) fractions were conclusively demonstrated (LC\\(_{50}\\) at 1 hr of 0.44 ˜í¬¿g mL\\(^{-1}\\)), and remain candidates of ichthyotoxicity when well-defined toxins such as brevetoxin or karlotoxin can be ruled out as causative factors. The aldehydes 2E,4E-decadienal and 2E,4E-heptadienal, which may be generated by FFA oxidation, also showed high impacts on gill cell viability, with LC\\(_{50}\\) (at 1 hr) of 0.34 and 0.36 ˜í¬¿g mL\\(^{-1}\\), respectively. In conclusion, C. marina was more toxic after cell disruption and when switching from dark to light conditions, associated with higher EPA levels and a higher production of superoxide anion. Implications of this work for finfish aquaculture management and mitigation are discussed.
Turbulent small-scale dynamo action in solar surface simulations
Creators: name: Graham, Jonathan Pietarila
name: Cameron, Robert
name: Schuessler, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a magneto-convection simulation incorporating essential physical processes governing solar surface convection exhibits turbulent small-scale dynamo action. By presenting a derivation of the energy balance equation and transfer functions for compressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), we quantify the source of magnetic energy on a scale-by-scale basis. We rule out the two alternative mechanisms for the generation of small-scale magnetic field in the simulations: the tangling of magnetic field lines associated with the turbulent cascade and Alfvenization of small-scale velocity fluctuations ("turbulent induction"). Instead, we find the dominant source of small-scale magnetic energy is stretching by inertial-range fluid motions of small-scale magnetic field lines against the magnetic tension force to produce (against Ohmic dissipation) more small-scale magnetic field. The scales involved become smaller with increasing Reynolds number, which identifies the dynamo as a small-scale turbulent dynamo.
description: accepted by ApJ
Engineering of Laccase CueO for Improved Electron Transfer in Bioelectrocatalysis by Semi-Rational Design
Creators: name: Zhang, Lingling
name: Cui, Haiyang
name: Dhoke, Gaurao V.
name: Zou, Zhi
name: Sauer, Daniel F.
name: Davari, Mehdi D.
name: Schwaneberg, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Weinheim : Wiley-VCH
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: bioelectrocatalysis
subject: copper efflux oxidase
subject: electron transfer
subject: oxygen reduction reaction
subject: site-saturation mutagenesis
subject: 540
subject: 660

description: Copper efflux oxidase (CueO) from Escherichia coli is a special bacterial laccase due to its fifth copper binding site. Herein, it is discovered that the fifth Cu occupancy plays a crucial and favorable role of electron relay in bioelectrocatalytic oxygen reduction. By substituting the residues at the four coordinated positions of the fifth Cu, 11 beneficial variants are identified with ≥2.5-fold increased currents at −250 mV (up to 6.13 mA cm−2). Detailed electrocatalytic characterization suggests the microenvironment of the fifth Cu binding site governs the electrocatalytic current of CueO. Additionally, further electron transfer analysis assisted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation demonstrates that an increase in localized structural stability and a decrease of distance between the fifth Cu and the T1 Cu are two main factors contributing to the improved kinetics of CueO variants. It may guide a novel way to tailor laccases and perhaps other oxidoreductases for bioelectrocatalytic applications. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Isolation of individual Er quantum emitters in anatase TiO$_2$ on Si photonics
Creators: name: Ji, Cheng
name: Pettit, Robert M.
name: Gupta, Shobhit
name: Grant, Gregory D.
name: Masiulionis, Ignas
name: Sundaresh, Ananthesh
name: Deckoff--Jones, Skylar
name: Olberding, Max
name: Singh, Manish K.
name: Heremans, F. Joseph
name: Guha, Supratik
name: Dibos, Alan M.
name: Sullivan, Sean E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Defects and dopant atoms in solid state materials are a promising platform for realizing single photon sources and quantum memories, which are the basic building blocks of quantum repeaters needed for long distance quantum networks. In particular, trivalent erbium (Er$^{3+}$) is of interest because it couples C-band telecom optical transitions with a spin-based memory platform. In order to produce quantum repeaters at the scale required for a quantum internet, it is imperative to integrate these necessary building blocks with mature and scalable semiconductor processes. In this work, we demonstrate the optical isolation of single Er$^{3+}$ ions in CMOS-compatible titanium dioxide (TiO$_2$) thin films monolithically integrated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonics platform. Our results demonstrate a first step toward the realization of a monolithically integrated and scalable quantum photonics package based on Er$^{3+}$ doped thin films.
Yukawa txtures and charged Higgs boson phenomenology in the type-III two-Higgs-doublet model
Creators: name: Díaz-Cruz, J. L.
name: Hernández--Sánchez, J.
name: Moretti, S.
name: Noriega-Papaqui, R.
name: Rosado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the implications of assuming a four-zero Yukawa texture for the properties of the charged Higgs boson within the context of the general 2-Higgs Doublet Model of Type III. We begin by presenting a detailed analysis of the charged Higgs boson couplings with heavy quarks and the resulting pattern for its decays. The production of charged Higgs bosons is also sensitive to the modifications of its couplings, so that we also evaluate the resulting effects on the top decay $t \to b H^{+}$ as well as on `direct' $c\bar{b}\to H^++c. c.$ and `indirect' $q\bar q,gg\to \bar t b H^++c. c.$ production. Significant scope exists at the Large Hadron Collider for several $H^\pm$ production and decay channels combined to enable one to distinguish between such a model and alternative 2-Higgs doublet scenarios.
description: 30 pages, 18 figures
SAWI TRANSFORM OF HILFER-PRABHAKAR DERIVATIVES AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Creators: name: MOHD KHALID
name: SUBHASH ALHA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Mittag-Leffler function, Sawi transform, Fourier transform, Fractional integral, Fractional derivative.

description: Abstract

This paper focuses on the Sawi transform of the Hilfer-Prabhakar fractional derivative and its regularised form. We will determine the solution to Cauchy-type fractional differential equations with Hilfer-Prabhakar fractional derivatives utilizing Sawi and Fourier’s transformations involving the three-parameter Mittag-Leffler function.