cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Particle Swarm Optimized Power Consumption of Trilateration
Creators: name: Al-Olimat, Hussein S.
name: Green, Robert C.
name: Alam, Mansoor
name: Devabhaktuni, Vijay
name: Cheng, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trilateration-based localization (TBL) has become a corner stone of modern technology. This study formulates the concern on how wireless sensor networks can take advantage of the computational intelligent techniques using both single- and multi-objective particle swarm optimization (PSO) with an overall aim of concurrently minimizing the required time for localization, minimizing energy consumed during localization, and maximizing the number of nodes fully localized through the adjustment of wireless sensor transmission ranges while using TBL process. A parameter-study of the applied PSO variants is performed, leading to results that show algorithmic improvements of up to 32% in the evaluated objectives.
description: 19 Pages, 13 Figures, 10 Tables, Journal
Industrial Fabrication of Multi-Crystalline MWT Cells with Interconnection Flexibility of 16.5% Efficiency
Creators: name: Van Der Heide, A.
name: Gribenski, D.
name: Szlufcik, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 942-945
description: Recent developments concerning MWT cell production at Photovoltech are presented. The original
front and back contact patterns, developed for small cell formats have been adapted for a cell size of 156 mm. Since
there is no industrial standard interconnection technology for MWT cells yet, the new cell design offers flexibility in
the method of interconnection. The layout of the back contacts enables interconnection either by ribbons or by foils
using patterned conductor paths. Optimisations of the cell process are also presented: the CO2 laser for via drilling
was replaced by a modern Yb:YAG laser, printing through the vias was optimised and a suitable silver paste for the
rear busbars was selected using lock-in thermography. Cells were made in the production line with a best efficiency
of 16.5%. Modules were made by Sitec Solar and Bisol; both modules and their electrical characteristics are
presented
Finite p-Groups and Coclass Theory
Creators: name: SUBHRAJYOTI SAHA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10199 Pure Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10105 Group Theory and Generalisations
subject: Algebra

description: Symmetries arise in many areas of science, and group theory, as the Mathematics of Symmetry, models this natural concept. A prominent theme in group theory is the classification of p-groups since these groups play an important role in group theory. However, the sheer number of p-groups of a fixed size makes such a classification impossible; a different and fruitful approach is to use coclass. This project makes further advances in coclass theory, providing new results for skeleton groups and space groups.
Long-Term Performance Degradation of c-Si Photovoltaic Modules and Strings
Creators: name: Abenante, L.
name: De Lia, F.
name: Castello, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4023-4026
description: We present recent data relevant to both 55 Arco-Solar modules of the array in field exposure since
1980 in a devoted area at the ENEA Casaccia research center and 26 module-strings of the 100 kW-plant installed in
1990 at the ENEA-Casaccia parking. Analyzing the new data together with data gathered in previous measurement
campaigns allows detecting that, in both the array and plant, the amount of failed modules is likely to increase exponentially
with time and efficiency degrades non-linearly with time.
Position and mode dependent coupling of terahertz quantum cascade laser fields to an integrated diode
Creators: name: Dyer, Gregory C.
name: Nordquist, Christopher D.
name: Cich, Michael J.
name: Ribaudo, Troy
name: Grine, Albert D.
name: Fuller, Charles T.
name: Reno, John L.
name: Wanke, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Schottky diode integrated into a terahertz quantum cascade laser waveguide couples directly to the internal laser fields. In a multimode laser, the diode response is correlated with both the instantaneous power and the coupling strength to the diode of each lasing mode. Measurements of the rectified response of diodes integrated in two quantum cascade laser cavities at different locations indicate that the relative diode position strongly influences the laser-diode coupling.
Distribution and Energy Balance of Pluto's Nitrogen Ice, as seen by New Horizons in 2015
Creators: name: Lewis, Briley
name: Stansberry, John
name: Holler, Bryan
name: Grundy, William
name: Schmitt, Bernard
name: Protopapa, Silvia
name: Lisse, Carey
name: Stern, S. Alan
name: Young, Leslie
name: Weaver, Harold
name: Olkin, Catherine
name: Ennico, Kimberly
name: Team, the New Horizons Science
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pluto's surface is geologically complex because of volatile ices that are mobile on seasonal and longer time scales. Here we analyzed New Horizons LEISA spectral data to globally map the nitrogen ice, including nitrogen with methane diluted in it. Our goal was to learn about the seasonal processes influencing ice redistribution, to calculate the globally averaged energy balance, and to place a lower limit on Pluto's N2 inventory. We present the average latitudinal distribution of nitrogen and investigate the relationship between its distribution and topography on Pluto by using maps that include the shifted bands of methane in solid solution with nitrogen to more completely map the distribution of the nitrogen ice. We find that the global average bolometric albedo is 0.83 +\- 0.11, similar to that inferred for Triton, and that a significant fraction of Pluto's N2 is stored in Sputnik Planitia. Under the assumption that Pluto's nitrogen-dominated 11.5 microbar atmosphere is in vapor pressure equilibrium with the nitrogen ice, the ice temperature is 36.93 +/- 0.10 K, as measured by New Horizons. Combined with our global energy balance calculation, this implies that the average bolometric emissivity of Pluto's nitrogen ice is probably in the range 0.47 - 0.72. This is consistent with the low emissivities estimated for Triton based on Voyager, and may have implications for Pluto's atmospheric seasonal variations, as discussed below. The global pattern of volatile transport at the time of the encounter was from north to south, and the transition between condensation and sublimation within Sputnik Planitia is correlated with changes in the grain size and CH4 concentration derived from the spectral maps. The low emissivity of Pluto's N2 ice suggests that Pluto's atmosphere may undergo an extended period of constant pressure even as Pluto recedes from the Sun in its orbit.
PDE-based Group Equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Smets, Bart
name: Portegies, Jim
name: Bekkers, Erik
name: Duits, Remco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a PDE-based framework that generalizes Group equivariant Convolutional Neural Networks (G-CNNs). In this framework, a network layer is seen as a set of PDE-solvers where geometrically meaningful PDE-coefficients become the layer's trainable weights. Formulating our PDEs on homogeneous spaces allows these networks to be designed with built-in symmetries such as rotation in addition to the standard translation equivariance of CNNs. Having all the desired symmetries included in the design obviates the need to include them by means of costly techniques such as data augmentation. We will discuss our PDE-based G-CNNs (PDE-G-CNNs) in a general homogeneous space setting while also going into the specifics of our primary case of interest: roto-translation equivariance. We solve the PDE of interest by a combination of linear group convolutions and non-linear morphological group convolutions with analytic kernel approximations that we underpin with formal theorems. Our kernel approximations allow for fast GPU-implementation of the PDE-solvers, we release our implementation with this article in the form of the LieTorch extension to PyTorch, available at https://gitlab.com/bsmetsjr/lietorch . Just like for linear convolution a morphological convolution is specified by a kernel that we train in our PDE-G-CNNs. In PDE-G-CNNs we do not use non-linearities such as max/min-pooling and ReLUs as they are already subsumed by morphological convolutions. We present a set of experiments to demonstrate the strength of the proposed PDE-G-CNNs in increasing the performance of deep learning based imaging applications with far fewer parameters than traditional CNNs.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures. v2 changes: - mentioned KerCNNs - added section Generalization of G-CNNs - clarification that the experiments utilized automatic differentiation and SGD. v3 changes: - streamlined theoretical framework - formulation and proof Thm.1 & 2 - expanded experiments. v4 changes: typos in Prop.5 and (20) v5/6 changes: minor revision
Development of Composite Colloidal Capsules from Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Graphene Oxide and their Application
Creators: name: MUTHANA NAHDH ALI ALI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30603 Colloid and Surface Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30304 Physical Chemistry of Materials

description: In this thesis, we have designed, fabricated, and characterised microcapsules templated from graphene oxide (GO)-stabilized Pickering emulsions, generating composites with polymers and silica. We explored the utility of these hybrid materials for protecting, delivering, andc sustaining the release of active materials, and separately for adsorption and concentration of toxins from dilute systems. Cargo materials included model dyes and fragrances, and captured materials focused on fluorinated contaminant adsorption. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, TEM, optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and polarizing optical microscopy were used to characterize the obtained microcapsules.
Linking biogeochemical processes to microbial communities in permeable sediments
Creators: name: YA-JOU CHEN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this study, I provided an in-depth understanding of sandy sediments, integrating microbiology and biogeochemistry. These findings break the paradigm of the conventional redox cascade in muds and provide novel insights into how microorganisms with different metabolic traits adapt to environmental disturbance. In addition, I describe the implications of this study for understanding marine biogeochemical cycling, as well as feedbacks from anthropogenic change operating at local and global scales.
Development and Application of a Hydrological Cycle Model as Part of the GREB Climate Model
Creators: name: CHRISTIAN STASSEN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Climate Science
subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The water cycle (evaporation, precipitation and the transport of water vapour in the atmosphere) is an important part of the climate system. Understanding the water cycle and its changes with climate change, however, is far from trivial using existing climate models. This thesis develops a simple model for the water cycle as part of a simple global climate model and shows its application in a range of experiments.
COVID-19 attack rate increases with city size
Creators: name: Stier, Andrew J.
name: Berman, Marc G.
name: Bettencourt, Luis M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an unprecedented global health and economic threat to interconnected human societies. Until a vaccine is developed, strategies for controlling the outbreak rely on aggressive social distancing. These measures largely disconnect the social network fabric of human societies, especially in urban areas. Here, we estimate the growth rates and reproductive numbers of COVID-19 in US cities from March 14th through March 19th to reveal a power-law scaling relationship to city population size. This means that COVID-19 is spreading faster on average in larger cities with the additional implication that, in an uncontrolled outbreak, larger fractions of the population are expected to become infected in more populous urban areas. We discuss the implications of these observations for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak, emphasizing the need to implement more aggressive distancing policies in larger cities while also preserving socioeconomic activity.
Demand-Side Scheduling Based on Multi-Agent Deep Actor-Critic Learning for Smart Grids
Creators: name: Lee, Joash
name: Wang, Wenbo
name: Niyato, Dusit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the problem of demand-side energy management, where each household is equipped with a smart meter that is able to schedule home appliances online. The goal is to minimize the overall cost under a real-time pricing scheme. While previous works have introduced centralized approaches in which the scheduling algorithm has full observability, we propose the formulation of a smart grid environment as a Markov game. Each household is a decentralized agent with partial observability, which allows scalability and privacy-preservation in a realistic setting. The grid operator produces a price signal that varies with the energy demand. We propose an extension to a multi-agent, deep actor-critic algorithm to address partial observability and the perceived non-stationarity of the environment from the agent's viewpoint. This algorithm learns a centralized critic that coordinates training of decentralized agents. Our approach thus uses centralized learning but decentralized execution. Simulation results show that our online deep reinforcement learning method can reduce both the peak-to-average ratio of total energy consumed and the cost of electricity for all households based purely on instantaneous observations and a price signal.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. This paper was accepted for publication by the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm). Replacement with this "accepted article" is mandated by the IEEE. The paper was shortened to meet the conference's page limit. Findings remained unchanged
Introducing Decorated HODs: modeling assembly bias in the galaxy-halo connection
Creators: name: Hearin, Andrew P.
name: Zentner, Andrew R.
name: Bosch, Frank C. van den
name: Campbell, Duncan
name: Tollerud, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The connection between galaxies and dark matter halos is often inferred from data using probabilistic models, such as the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD). Conventional HOD formulations assume that only halo mass governs the galaxy-halo connection. Violations of this assumption, known as galaxy assembly bias, threaten the HOD program. We introduce decorated HODs, a new, flexible class of models designed to account for assembly bias. Decorated HODs minimally expand the parameter space and maximize the independence between traditional and novel HOD parameters. We use decorated HODs to quantify the influence of assembly bias on clustering and lensing statistics. For SDSS-like samples, the impact of assembly bias on galaxy clustering can be as large as a factor of two on r ~ 200 kpc scales and ~15% in the linear regime. Assembly bias can either enhance or diminish clustering on large scales, but generally increases clustering on scales r
description: Figure 1 provides a cartoon visualization of the analytical formalism. Figures 4 & 5 show the characteristic signature that assembly bias imprints on the clustering and lensing of SDSS-like galaxy samples. 21 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Highly accurate special quadrature methods for Stokesian particle suspensions in confined geometries
Creators: name: Bagge, Joar
name: Tornberg, Anna-Karin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boundary integral methods are highly suited for problems with complicated geometries, but require special quadrature methods to accurately compute the singular and nearly singular layer potentials that appear in them. This paper presents a boundary integral method that can be used to study the motion of rigid particles in three-dimensional periodic Stokes flow with confining walls. A centrepiece of our method is the highly accurate special quadrature method, which is based on a combination of upsampled quadrature and quadrature by expansion (QBX), accelerated using a precomputation scheme. The method is demonstrated for rodlike and spheroidal particles, with the confining geometry given by a pipe or a pair of flat walls. A parameter selection strategy for the special quadrature method is presented and tested. Periodic interactions are computed using the Spectral Ewald (SE) fast summation method, which allows our method to run in O(n log n) time for n grid points, assuming the number of geometrical objects grows while the grid point concentration is kept fixed.
description: 46 pages, 41 figures
Insights on EVA Lamination Process: Where Do the Bubbles Come from?
Creators: name: Perret-Aebi, L.-E.
name: Li, H.-Y.
name: Théron, R.
name: Röder, G.
name: Luo-Hoffmann, Y.
name: Turlings, T.
name: Lange, R.F.M.
name: Ballif, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4036-4038
description: The identification and control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by polymers during
lamination in the PV industry is of considerable importance to establish and optimize processes in order to ensure a
long term reliability of the manufactured modules. It is assumed that bubble formation is one of the causes of
delamination which is known to be one of the major problems linked to PV module reliability. Herein, gas
chromatography-mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) is used to determine and quantify the VOCs emanating from EVA at
160°C and therefore giving insights into understanding the origin of the bubbles during the lamination process.
Splice-site Strength: Quantification and Applications
Creators: name: CRAIG IAN DENT
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: RNA splicing is an important mechanism in both development and disease, but current measurements of splicing have limitations. This thesis develops a new approach to measuring splicing and demonstrates its ability to shed new light on splicing regulation. This work has diverse implications ranging from agriculture to medicine
Numerical Methods for Simulating Core-collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: CONRAD TZE KIU CHAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Astrophysics

description: Massive stars can end their lives in spectacular explosions known as supernovae. Since the interior of a star cannot be directly observed, computer simulations are required to investigate the interplay between the numerous processes that power the explosion. In this thesis, we investigate the effect of material falling back after the explosion on the properties of the nascent black hole or neutron star. We also develop a new method for modelling neutrino radiation, which, we believe, will provide the foundation for upcoming explosion modelling studies.
East Australian spring rainfall during strong El Niño events
Creators: name: PETER ANDREW JOSEPH VAN RENSCH
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 40105 Climatology (excl. Climate Change Processes)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmospheric Sciences

description: El Niño is typically associated with less than average spring rainfall in east Australia, making it a good source of seasonal climate prediction. By focusing on strong El Niño events, this thesis examined why drought was caused in some events, but not others. We found the timing, strength and pattern of El Niño; the temperature of the ocean surface off the northeast coast of Australia; and the way in which the atmosphere leads to rainfall on a seasonal timescale all contributed to the differences. This work can help improve seasonal forecasts, and therefore planning, during future strong El Niño events.
Acquisition of copula BE (Guo & Weiler, 2023)
Creators: name: Guo, Ling-Yu
name: Weiler, Brian
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470402
subject: Child language acquisition
classificationCode: 520405
subject: Psycholinguistics (incl. speech production and comprehension)

description: Purpose: Prior work has shown that subject types affected the production of copula BE in young children who spoke General American English (GAE). However, the role of predicate types on the production of copula BE remains unclear. This study examined how predicate types affected the production of copula “is” in young GAE-speaking children.Method: Seventeen 2-year-old children with typical language development who spoke GAE were included in this study. Children’s production rate of copula “is” in sentences with nominal (e.g., The dog is a king), permanent-adjectival (e.g., The dog is white), temporary-adjectival (e.g., The dog is very hot), or locative (e.g., The dog is outside) predicates was examined using an elicited repetition task.Results: Two-year-old children who spoke GAE were more likely to repeat copula “is” correctly with nominal, permanent-adjectival, and temporary-adjectival predicates than with locative predicates after sentence length was controlled. There were no other significant differences between predicate types.Conclusions: Overall, locative predicates are the least facilitative for the production of copula “is” as compared to other predicate types. Predicate types, especially locative predicates, should be considered when the clinician creates sentences to evaluate the production of copula BE and to provide intervention for GAE-speaking children.Supplemental Material S1. Contrastive and target sentences.Supplemental Material S2. Sample pictures for target sentences.Guo, L.-Y., & Weiler, B. (2023). Effect of predicate types on the production of copula “is” in 2-year-old children who speak general American English. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 66(5), 1792–1801. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00479
Thermal evolution of hybrid stars within the framework of a nonlocal Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: de Carvalho, S. M.
name: Negreiros, R.
name: Orsaria, M.
name: Contrera, G. A.
name: Weber, F.
name: Spinella, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermal evolution of neutron stars containing deconfined quark matter in their core. Such objects are generally referred to as quark-hybrid stars. The confined hadronic matter in their core is described in the framework of non-linear relativistic nuclear field theory. For the quark phase we use a non-local extension of the SU(3) Nambu Jona-Lasinio model with vector interactions. The Gibbs condition is used to model phase equilibrium between confined hadronic matter and deconfined quark matter. Our study indicates that high-mass neutron stars may contain between 35 and 40 % deconfined quark-hybrid matter in their cores. Neutron stars with canonical masses of around $1.4\, M_\odot$ would not contain deconfined quark matter. The central proton fractions of the stars are found to be high, enabling them to cool rapidly. Very good agreement with the temperature evolution established for the neutron star in Cassiopeia A (Cas A) is obtained for one of our models (based on the popular NL3 nuclear parametrization), if the protons in the core of our stellar models are strongly paired, the repulsion among the quarks is mildly repulsive, and the mass of Cas A has a canonical value of $1.4\, M_\odot$.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Acquisition of copula BE (Guo & Weiler, 2023)
Creators: name: Guo, Ling-Yu
name: Weiler, Brian
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Child language acquisition
Psycholinguistics (incl. speech production and comprehension)

description: Purpose: Prior work has shown that subject types affected the production of copula BE in young children who spoke General American English (GAE). However, the role of predicate types on the production of copula BE remains unclear. This study examined how predicate types affected the production of copula “is” in young GAE-speaking children. Method: Seventeen 2-year-old children with typical language development who spoke GAE were included in this study. Children’s production rate of copula “is” in sentences with nominal (e.g., The dog is a king), permanent-adjectival (e.g., The dog is white), temporary-adjectival (e.g., The dog is very hot), or locative (e.g., The dog is outside) predicates was examined using an elicited repetition task. Results: Two-year-old children who spoke GAE were more likely to repeat copula “is” correctly with nominal, permanent-adjectival, and temporary-adjectival predicates than with locative predicates after sentence length was controlled. There were no other significant differences between predicate types. Conclusions: Overall, locative predicates are the least facilitative for the production of copula “is” as compared to other predicate types. Predicate types, especially locative predicates, should be considered when the clinician creates sentences to evaluate the production of copula BE and to provide intervention for GAE-speaking children. Supplemental Material S1. Contrastive and target sentences. Supplemental Material S2. Sample pictures for target sentences. Guo, L.-Y., & Weiler, B. (2023). Effect of predicate types on the production of copula “is” in 2-year-old children who speak general American English. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2023_JSLHR-22-00479
Characterization and Modeling of Back-Contact Back-Junction Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kluska, S.
name: Granek, F.
name: Rüdiger, M.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 950-954
description: The presented paper develops a model to simulate the J-V characteristic of an industrially structurized
back-contact back-junction silicon solar cell to determine the influences of the main loss mechanisms on the cell
parameters. In particular, the model contains an analysis to determine the detrimental effect of the electrical shading
losses on the short circuit current density. The theoretical calculations show a good agreement with the measurement
results of back-contact back-junction solar cells fabricated at Fraunhofer ISE. Furthermore the developed model was
used to perform optimizations of the cell geometry. The modeling results show that the optimum base resistivity,
base width and pitch is a balance between series resistance losses and electrical shading losses.
Recovery of coincident frequency domain multiplexed detector pulses using sequential deconvolution
Creators: name: Mishra, M.
name: Mattingly, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiplexing of radiation detector signals into a single channel significantly reduces the need for a large number of digitizer channels, which reduces the cost and the power consumption of a data acquisition system. We previously demonstrated frequency domain multiplexing by convolution using a prototype system that multiplexed two EJ-309 organic scintillators signals into a single channel. Each detector pulse was converted to a damped sinusoid which was then combined into a single channel. The combined signal was digitized and the original detector signal was recovered from the damped sinusoid by deconvolution. In this paper, we demonstrate the recovery of multiple detector signals that arrive during the same digitized record via a new sequential deconvolution method. When two detectors produce signals in the same digitized record and their pulses do not overlap in time, we found that the charge, arrival time, and particle type can be estimated fairly precisely for the first pulse, but the second pulse exhibits substantial degradation in the precision of the estimated charge and arrival time. When the pulses overlap in time, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the part of the first pulse that does not overlap with the second can be recovered accurately, so the arrival time and amplitude of the first pulse can be estimated fairly precisely, but not the charge or particle type. None of these quantities can be estimated precisely for the second pulse when the two pulses overlap.
The Usefulness and Effects of Mental Health Diagnoses: Examining Public Stigma and Attitudes about Utility
Creators: name: Fulton-Hamilton, Emily
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Systematic Literature Review A systematic literature review was undertaken to examine the impact of ‘depression’ labels on public stigma. Seventeen papers including 19 studies were reviewed and their findings synthesised. The results revealed that the nature of findings within this area are heterogeneous, and the available literature possesses multiple methodological implications. However, there is some initial evidence to suggest that ‘depression’ labels can function as stigmatising phenomena. These labels do not always induce non-blaming understandings, are ineffective at signalling that a person may require support, and have negative impacts related to employment. The implications of conceptualising ‘depression’ as an ‘illness’ and suggestions for future research are discussed. Empirical Research Project Given the polarised and heated debates about the usefulness of mental health diagnoses, a Q-methodological study was undertaken with the aim of drawing out more nuanced views. Thirty-nine people who had worked in or accessed mental health services, or were academics within this field, sorted 57 statements about the usefulness of mental health diagnoses based on their viewpoints. Three attitudes were identified. ‘The Medicalisation of Human Experience’ reflected the view that diagnoses lack validity and are only useful for entities such as pharmaceutical companies. ‘Illnesses Like Any Other’ encompassed the attitude that diagnoses represent valid disorders and possess utility in relation to various areas. However different diagnoses can be stigmatising when poorly understood by others. ‘Imperfect Short-Hands’ represented the viewpoint that diagnoses are constructs which offer a general reflection of someone’s distress, but their utility varies on a case-by-case basis. The findings offer an alternative to current polarised debates and may support professionals to facilitate open discussions about attitudes towards diagnoses with clients.
Coherent charge carrier dynamics in the presence of thermal lattice vibrations
Creators: name: Kim, Donghwan
name: Aydin, Alhun
name: Daza, Alvar
name: Avanaki, Kobra N.
name: Keski-Rahkonen, Joonas
name: Heller, Eric J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the coherent state representation of lattice vibrations to describe their interactions with charge carriers. In direct analogy to quantum optics, the coherent state representation leads from quantized lattice vibrations (phonons) naturally to a quasiclassical field limit, i.e., the deformation potential. To an electron, the deformation field is a sea of hills and valleys, as ``real'' as any external field, morphing and propagating at the sound speed, and growing in magnitude with temperature. In this disordered potential landscape, the charge carrier dynamics is treated nonperturbatively, preserving their coherence beyond single collision events. We show the coherent state picture agrees exactly with the conventional Fock state picture in perturbation theory. Furthermore, it goes beyond by revealing aspects that the conventional theory could not explain: transient localization even at high temperatures by charge carrier coherence effects, and band tails in the density of states due to the self-generated disorder (deformation) potential in a pure crystal. The coherent state paradigm of lattice vibrations supplies tools for probing important questions in condensed matter physics as in quantum optics.
One-point recursions and topological recursion for enumerative problems
Creators: name: ANUPAM CHAUDHURI
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10501 Algebraic Structures in Mathematical Physics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10112 Topology

description: Many structures and shapes in nature exhibit recursion or self-similarity, in which large structures contain smaller copies of themselves at different scales. Topological recursion focuses this idea into a particular mathematical framework to analyse a large class of problems arising in enumeration, geometry and physics. This thesis explores a family of problems that fall under this umbrella. On the one hand, we enrich the general theory by adding new examples to the family; on the other hand, we develop a parallel theory of one-point recursions, which we conjecturally link back to topological recursion.
Equality of Learning Opportunity via Individual Fairness in Personalized Recommendations
Creators: name: Marras, Mirko
name: Boratto, Ludovico
name: Ramos, Guilherme
name: Fenu, Gianni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online educational platforms are playing a primary role in mediating the success of individuals' careers. Therefore, while building overlying content recommendation services, it becomes essential to guarantee that learners are provided with equal recommended learning opportunities, according to the platform values, context, and pedagogy. Though the importance of ensuring equality of learning opportunities has been well investigated in traditional institutions, how this equality can be operationalized in online learning ecosystems through recommender systems is still under-explored. In this paper, we formalize educational principles that model recommendations' learning properties, and a novel fairness metric that combines them in order to monitor the equality of recommended learning opportunities among learners. Then, we envision a scenario wherein an educational platform should be arranged in such a way that the generated recommendations meet each principle to a certain degree for all learners, constrained to their individual preferences. Under this view, we explore the learning opportunities provided by recommender systems in a large-scale course platform, uncovering systematic inequalities. To reduce this effect, we propose a novel post-processing approach that balances personalization and equality of recommended opportunities. Experiments show that our approach leads to higher equality, with a negligible loss in personalization. Our study moves a step forward in operationalizing the ethics of human learning in recommendations, a core unit of intelligent educational systems.
Camera-Based Photoluminescence Lifetime Imaging of Crystalline Silicon Wafers
Creators: name: Herlufsen, S.
name: Schmidt, J.
name: Hinken, D.
name: Bothe, K.
name: Brendel, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 913-917
description: Photoconductance-calibrated photoluminescence lifetime imaging (PC-PLI) is a fast and easy-to-apply
method for spatially resolved carrier lifetime measurements of crystalline silicon wafers. The photoluminescence
signal in arbitrary units is converted into absolute values of the actual carrier lifetime by measurements of the
photoconductance of the silicon wafer. We determined a calibration function which is valid for wafers of arbitrary
dopant densities by utilizing a fundamental relationship between photoluminescence and dopant density. In principle,
a single measurement of the relation between photoluminescence signal and excess carrier density is sufficient to
obtain this calibration function due to its dependence on the dopant density. We demonstrate that PC-PLI allows high
resolution lifetime measurements down to injection levels of 1011 cm-3 and is in agreement with light-biased
microwave-detected photoconductance decay (MW-PCD) lifetime mappings.
The role of incubation moisture and metabolism in sea turtle hatching locomotor performance
Creators: name: CHRISTOPHER ROBERT GATTO
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60806 Animal Physiological Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This thesis examines the role that moisture in the nest during development and hatchling energetics play in determining the ability of sea turtle hatchlings to crawl, swim and survive.
On the explicit solutions of separation of variables type for the incompressible 2D Euler equations
Creators: name: Saleva, Tomi
name: Tuomela, Jukka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q31 (Primary), 35A09, 35A24, 76B99 (Secondary)

description: We study explicit solutions to the 2 dimensional Euler equations in the Lagrangian framework. All known solutions have been of the separation of variables type, where time and space dependence are treated separately. The first such solutions were known already in the 19th century. We show that all the solutions known previously belong to two families of solutions and introduce three new families of solutions. It seems likely that these are all the solutions that are of the separation of variables type.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, to be published in The Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics
Steric effects induce geometric remodeling of actin bundles in filopodia
Creators: name: Dobramysl, Ulrich
name: Papoian, Garegin A.
name: Erban, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filopodia are ubiquitous fingerlike protrusions, spawned by many eukaryotic cells, to probe and interact with their environments. Polymerization dynamics of actin filaments, comprising the structural core of filopodia, largely determine their instantaneous lengths and overall lifetimes. The polymerization reactions at the filopodial tip require transport of G-actin, which enter the filopodial tube from the filopodial base and diffuse toward the filament barbed ends near the tip. Actin filaments are mechanically coupled into a tight bundle by cross-linker proteins. Interestingly, many of these proteins are relatively short, restricting the free diffusion of cytosolic G-actin throughout the bundle and, in particular, its penetration into the bundle core. To investigate the effect of steric restrictions on G-actin diffusion by the porous structure of filopodial actin filament bundle, we used a particle-based stochastic simulation approach. We discovered that excluded volume interactions result in partial and then full collapse of central filaments in the bundle, leading to a hollowed-out structure. The latter may further collapse radially due to the activity of cross-linking proteins, hence producing conical-shaped filament bundles. Interestingly, electron microscopy experiments on mature filopodia indeed frequently reveal actin bundles that are narrow at the tip and wider at the base. Overall, our work demonstrates that excluded volume effects in the context of reaction-diffusion processes in porous networks may lead to unexpected geometric growth patterns and complicated, history-dependent dynamics of intermediate metastable configurations.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Analysis of the Pancharatnam-Berry phase of vector vortex states using the Hamiltonian based on the Maxwell-Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Suzuki, Masato
name: Yamane, Keisaku
name: Oka, Kazuhiko
name: Toda, Yasunori
name: Morita, Ryuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derived the Berry connection of vector vortex states (VVSs) from the "true" Hamiltonian obtained through the Maxwell--Schrödinger equation for an inhomogeneous anisotropic (IA) medium, and we experimentally demonstrated measurement of the corresponding Pancharatnam--Berry (PB) geometrical phase of VVSs. The PB phase (PBP) of VVSs can be divided into two phases: homogeneous and inhomogeneous PBPs. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous PBPs are related to the conventional PBP and the spatially-dependent geometric phase given by an IA medium such as a polarization converter, respectively. We theoretically detected that inhomogeneous PBP accumulation originates from the gauge dependence of the index of the hybrid-order Poincaré sphere, which provides an alternate method for understanding optical spin--orbital angular momentum conversion. The homogeneous PBP, which is explicitly observed for the first time, has implications for quantum state manipulation and information processing.
The Fluid Limit Approximation with Random Initial Conditions for Small Noise Processes
Creators: name: JEREMY NARUHITO BAKER
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10404 Probability Theory
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics

description: The classical results tell us that the effects of small noise in a smooth dynamical system is negligible on any finite time interval, also known as the fluid limit approximation. This thesis studies situations when it persists on time intervals increasing to infinity, resulting in new random initial conditions appearing in the fluid limit. This has applications in many fields of research, e.g. biology, physics and chemistry, where there are examples of large dynamical systems that arise from small random interactions between many components.
Equivalence of approaches to relational quantum dynamics in relativistic settings
Creators: name: Hoehn, Philipp A.
name: Smith, Alexander R. H.
name: Lock, Maximilian P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have previously shown (arXiv:1912.00033) that three approaches to relational quantum dynamics -- relational Dirac observables, the Page-Wootters formalism and quantum deparametrizations -- are equivalent. Here we show that this `trinity' of relational quantum dynamics holds in relativistic settings per frequency superselection sector. We ascribe the time according to the clock subsystem to a POVM which is covariant with respect to its (quadratic) Hamiltonian. This differs from the usual choice of a self-adjoint clock observable conjugate to the clock momentum. It also resolves Kuchař's criticism that the Page-Wootters formalism yields incorrect localization probabilities for the relativistic particle when conditioning on a Minkowski time operator. We show that conditioning instead on the covariant clock POVM results in a Newton-Wigner type localization probability commonly used in relativistic quantum mechanics. By establishing the equivalence mentioned above, we also assign a consistent conditional-probability interpretation to relational observables and deparametrizations. Finally, we expand a recent method of changing temporal reference frames, and show how to transform states and observables frequency-sector-wise. We use this method to discuss an indirect clock self-reference effect and explore the state and temporal frame-dependence of the task of comparing and synchronizing different quantum clocks.
description: 28+7 pages
One single static measurement predicts wave localization in complex structures
Creators: name: Lefebvre, Gautier
name: Gondel, Alexane
name: Dubois, Marc
name: Atlan, Michael
name: Feppon, Florian
name: Labbé, Aimé
name: Gillot, Camille
name: Garelli, Alix
name: Ernoult, Maxence
name: Mayboroda, Svitlana
name: Filoche, Marcel
name: Sebbah, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent theoretical breakthrough has brought a new tool, called \emph{localization landscape}, to predict the localization regions of vibration modes in complex or disordered systems. Here, we report on the first experiment which measures the localization landscape and demonstrates its predictive power. Holographic measurement of the static deformation under uniform load of a thin plate with complex geometry provides direct access to the landscape function. When put in vibration, this system shows modes precisely confined within the sub-regions delineated by the landscape function. Also the maxima of this function match the measured eigenfrequencies, while the minima of the valley network gives the frequencies at which modes become extended. This approach fully characterizes the low frequency spectrum of a complex structure from a single static measurement. It paves the way to the control and engineering of eigenmodes in any vibratory system, especially where a structural or microscopic description is not accessible.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures