cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
In vitro expression of the human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase gene: effects of sequence alterations on enzyme activity.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Genomic DNA of the Towne strain human cytomegalovirus polymerase (pol) gene (4.4-kb RsrII-NcoI segment of the EcoRI J fragment) was cloned into plasmids containing either the T3 or the T7 promoter for in vitro transcription-translation studies. The translation efficiency of unmodified pol cRNA was poor in this system and could not be improved by capping. However, the efficiency could be enhanced by replacing the leader sequence with a 40-bp AT-rich sequence derived from an alfalfa mosaic virus, R4. pol cRNA directed the synthesis of a 140-kDa polypeptide in a rabbit reticulocyte translation system. The in vitro-translated wild-type enzyme possessed significant polymerization activity which could be stimulated by salt as could that of the authentic enzyme purified from virus-infected cells. To study the critical domains of this enzyme, nine mutations were introduced into the pol gene around the conserved domains of eukaryotic polymerase by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Two constructs with mutations at amino acid residues 323 to 325 (M32QS) and 725 to 726 (M72II) remained active, with partial loss of enzyme activity, while the enzyme activities of other mutants with alterations at four domains located around amino acid residues 729 to 730 (M73HN), 804 to 807 (M80 and DE80), 910 to 913 (M91 and DE91), and 962 to 964 (M96 and DE96) were abolished. DNA template and triphosphate binding assays indicated that the mutation at 804 to 807 (conserved region III) lost the ability to bind DNA template, and four mutants, M73HN (within conserved region II), M80 (in region III), M91 (in region I), and M96 (around region V [962 to 964; amino acid sequence KKR]), failed to bind deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate. These data suggest that conserved region III is essential for DNA template binding, while residues between conserved region II and V (725 to 964) are involved in triphosphate binding.
Parenting with a physical disability and cognitive impairments: a scoping review of the needs expressed by parents
Creators: name: Pituch, Evelina
name: Bindiu, Anna Maria
name: Grondin, Myrian
name: Bottari, Carolina
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Parents, whose daily activities are limited by a disability, account for 6.2% of the American population with minor children. Considering the prevailing knowledge gaps concerning parents with a physical disability and cognitive impairments, there is an urgency to instigate an investigation of their unmet needs. In this study, we will examine the scope of literature relating to the specific needs of parents with a physical disability and cognitive impairments in early child rearing occupations. A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted by two independent raters in four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO). Data were extracted and analyzed numerically and thematically using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Twenty-nine studies were included for review representing the needs of 113 parents. Emerging needs related to 15 ICF categories and three corresponding themes: parents’ (1) needs when engaging with their young children, (2) personal needs in and outside the home, and (3) needs navigating the health system. The unmet needs of parents with a physical disability and cognitive impairments legitimize the development of clinical services for this population. Future research should focus on developing assessments and interventions specific to parental needs in child rearing occupations.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAdults with a physical disability and cognitive impairments who parent young children have unmet needs with regards to engaging in child rearing, meeting their personal needs, and navigating the health system.Studies reporting on the impact of impairments on parenting mostly focus on elucidating physical impairments and less so cognitive impairments.Developing a more comprehensive understanding of parental needs will inform further development of targeted assessments and interventions for parents with a physical disability and cognitive impairments. Adults with a physical disability and cognitive impairments who parent young children have unmet needs with regards to engaging in child rearing, meeting their personal needs, and navigating the health system. Studies reporting on the impact of impairments on parenting mostly focus on elucidating physical impairments and less so cognitive impairments. Developing a more comprehensive understanding of parental needs will inform further development of targeted assessments and interventions for parents with a physical disability and cognitive impairments.
MPEC 2024-R341 : 2024 RW21
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RW21

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Nef from primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 suppresses surface CD4 expression in human and mouse T cells.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nef gene was originally described as a negative regulator of transcription from the viral long terminal repeat promoter. This observation has been disputed, and the function of Nef remains unclear. In vivo experiments have indicated that an intact nef gene is required for disease progression in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus, suggesting a role for Nef in the pathogenesis of AIDS. We and others have previously shown that expression of Nef in cells bearing surface CD4 results in a sustained decrease in surface CD4 expression. This was demonstrated for Nef from two laboratory strains of HIV-1, Bru and SF2. Because both of these isolates were passaged in vitro prior to molecular cloning and in vitro passage can result in mutations which might alter nef gene function, we have analyzed two primary isolates of Nef for their ability to suppress cell surface CD4 expression. The nef genes of HIV-1 isolates from two patients with fewer than 200 CD4+ T cells per mm3 of blood were introduced into human and mouse T-cell lines by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. Expression of Nef from both isolates correlated with a decrease in surface expression of both human and mouse CD4. To determine whether the ability to suppress surface CD4 expression is a general function of Nef, we also tested an artificially generated consensus nef gene derived from analysis of 54 patient isolates of HIV-1. Expression of the consensus Nef protein also correlated with decreased cell surface CD4 expression in both mouse and human T-cell lines. These results suggest that the ability to suppress cell surface CD4 expression is an intrinsic feature of HIV-1 Nef.
MPEC 2023-D54 : COMET C/2018 S3 (TESS)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET C/2018 S3 (TESS)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Plane-like minimizers for a non-local Ginzburg--Landau-type energy in a periodic medium
Creators: name: Cozzi, Matteo
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Non-local energies
subject: phase transitions
subject: plane-like minimizers
subject: fractional Laplacian
subject: 35R11
subject: 35A15
subject: 35B08
subject: 82B26
subject: 35B65

description: We consider a non-local phase transition equation set in a periodic medium and we construct solutions whose interface stays in a slab of prescribed direction and universal width. The solutions constructed also enjoy a local minimality property with respect to a suitable non-local energy functional.
Comparative Performance Analysis of Different Modulation Techniques for PAPR Reduction of OFDM Signal
Creators: name: Mowla, Md. Munjure
name: Paul, Liton Chandra
name: Hasan, Md. Rabiul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most important multi-carrier transmission techniques used in the latest wireless communication arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics such as providing greater immunity to multipath fading & impulse noise, eliminating Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) & Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) using a guard interval known as Cyclic Prefix (CP). A regular difficulty of OFDM signal is high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which is defined as the ratio of the peak power to the average power of OFDM Signal. An improved design of amplitude clipping & filtering technique of us previously reduced significant amount of PAPR with slightly increase bit error rate (BER) compare to an existing method in case of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) & Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). This paper investigates a comparative performance analysis of the different higher order modulation techniques on that design.
description: 11 Pages, 5 Figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1404.2233, arXiv:1403.3349, arXiv:1406.2960
Partial inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease results in aberrant virus assembly and the formation of noninfectious particles.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The production of infectious particles by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is dependent on the accurate cleavage of its Gag and Gag/Pol precursors by a virally encoded protease. In the absence of protease activity, morphologically abnormal particles which are noninfectious are formed. Recently, inhibitors of the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have been developed as potential therapeutic agents. We have examined the basis for the loss of infectivity at the limiting inhibitor concentrations that are likely to be achieved in clinical settings. We found that subtle defects in processing are correlated with profound deficits in infectivity. Further, we correlated this partially disrupted processing with an altered virion morphology. These data suggest that accurate and complete processing is essential to the formation of infectious, morphologically normal virions and that the pathway by which these precursors are processed and assembled is sensitive to partial inhibition of the protease by an inhibitor disproportionate to the effect of the inhibitor on the viral protease itself.
On a long range segregation model
Creators: name: Caffarelli, Luis
name: Patrizi, Stefania
name: Quitalo, Veronica
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: regularity for viscosity solutions
subject: segregation of populations
subject: 35J60
subject: 35R35
subject: 35B65
subject: 35Q92

description: Segregation phenomena occurs in many areas of mathematics and science: from equipartition problems in geometry, to social and biological processes (cells, bacteria, ants, mammals) to finance (sellers and buyers). There is a large body of literature studying segregation models where the interaction between species is punctual. There are many processes though, where the growth of a population at a point is inhibited by the populations in a full area surrounding that point. This work is a first attempt to study the properties of such a segregation process.
Fluid Flows Created by Swimming Bacteria Drive Self-Organization in Confined Suspensions
Creators: name: Lushi, Enkeleida
name: Wioland, Hugo
name: Goldstein, Raymond E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Concentrated suspensions of swimming microorganisms and other forms of active matter are known to display complex, self-organized spatio-temporal patterns on scales large compared to those of the individual motile units. Despite intensive experimental and theoretical study, it has remained unclear the extent to which the hydrodynamic flows generated by swimming cells, rather than purely steric interactions between them, drive the self-organization. Here we utilize the recent discovery of a spiral-vortex state in confined suspensions of \textit{B. subtilis} to study this issue in detail. Those experiments showed that if the radius of confinement in a thin cylindrical chamber is below a critical value the suspension will spontaneously form a steady single-vortex state encircled by a counter-rotating cell boundary layer, with spiral cell orientation within the vortex. Left unclear, however, was the flagellar orientation, and hence the cell swimming direction, within the spiral vortex. Here, using a fast simulation method that captures oriented cell-cell and cell-fluid interactions in a minimal model of discrete-particle systems, we predict the striking, counterintuitive result that in the presence of collectively-generated fluid motion the cells within the spiral vortex actually swim upstream against those flows. This is then confirmed by new experiments reported here, which include measurements of flagella bundle orientation and cell tracking in the self-organized state. These results highlight the complex interplay between cell orientation and hydrodynamic flows in concentrated suspensions of microorganisms.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; supplemental movies available at PNAS website
RNA-binding activity of hepatitis delta antigen involves two arginine-rich motifs and is required for hepatitis delta virus RNA replication.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is an RNA-binding protein with binding specificity for hepatitis delta virus (HDV) RNA (J. H. Lin, M. F. Chang, S. C. Baker, S. Govindarajan, and M. M. C. Lai, J. Virol. 64:4051-4058, 1990). By amino acid sequence homology search, we have identified within its RNA-binding domain two stretches of an arginine-rich motif (ARM), which is present in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins. The first one is KERQDHRRRKA and the second is EDEKRERRIAG, and they are separated by 29 amino acids. Deletion of either one of these ARM sequences resulted in the total loss of the in vitro RNA-binding activity of HDAg. Thus, HDAg is different from other RNA-binding proteins in that it requires two ARM-like sequences for its RNA-binding activity. Replacement of the spacer sequence between the two ARMs with a shorter stretch of sequence also reduced RNA binding in vitro. Furthermore, site-specific mutations of the basic amino acid residues in both ARMs resulted in the total loss or reduction of RNA-binding activity. The biological significance of the RNA-binding activity was studied by examining the trans-activating activity of the RNA-binding mutants. The plasmids expressing HDAgs with various mutations in the RNA-binding motifs were cotransfected with a replication-defective HDV dimer cDNA construct into COS cells. It was found that all the HDAg mutants which had lost the in vitro RNA-binding activity also lost the ability to complement the defect of HDV RNA replication. We conclude that the trans-activating function of HDAg requires its binding to HDV RNA.
Asymptotics and stability of a periodic solution to a singularly perturbed parabolic problem in case of a double root of the degenerate equation
Creators: name: Butuzov, Valentin F.
name: Nefedov, Nikolai N.
name: Recke, Lutz
name: Schneider, Klaus R.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equation
subject: double root of the degenerate equation
subject: initial boundary value problem
subject: asymptotic expansion
subject: asymptotically stable periodic solution
subject: region of attraction
subject: 35B25
subject: 35B10
subject: 35K20
subject: 35K57

description: For a singularly perturbed parabolic problem with Dirichlet conditions we prove the existence of a solution periodic in time and with boundary layers at both ends of the space interval in the case that the degenerate equation has a double root. We construct the corresponding asymptotic expansion in the small parameter. It turns out that the algorithm of the construction of the boundary layer functions and the behavior of the solution in the boundary layers essentially differ from that ones in case of a simple root. We also investigate the stability of this solution and the corresponding region of attraction.
A systematic review of group intervention for acquired dysarthria in adults
Creators: name: Whillans, Chelsea
name: Lawrie, Melissa
name: Cardell, Elizabeth A.
name: Kelly, Crystal
name: Wenke, Rachel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for group therapy in improving speech production in adults with acquired dysarthria. Secondary outcomes included communication effectiveness and/or wellbeing. A review protocol was prospectively published on PROSPERO. Fourteen electronic databases were searched to identify experimental studies investigating adults with acquired dysarthria participating in group intervention with outcomes related to communication and/or wellbeing. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) or the McMaster University’s Critical Review Form, and the TIDieR template for intervention description and replication. 21 studies were identified involving 330 individuals with dysarthria, from mostly Parkinson’s disease (PD) (97%; n = 321). Treatment approaches included singing therapy (n = 10), loudness therapy (n = 5) and multi-components therapy (including a combination of impairment and/or compensatory approaches) (n = 4). Studies varied in intensity and outcome measures used. Statistically significant improvements to speech production and/or wellbeing were reported following most approaches. There is some preliminary moderate-quality evidence to suggest that group therapy may improve speech production and in some cases communication effectiveness or wellbeing in people with dysarthria following PD, with more consistent improvements being found for loudness approaches. Singing approaches were frequently studied in PD with some improvements to intelligibility evident. Further well-designed controlled studies including individuals with non-progressive aetiologies is warranted to establish the effectiveness of group treatment.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONGroup therapy may be an effective means of improving speech production and/or wellbeing in individuals with dysarthria following Parkinson’s disease.Studies’ employing loudness-based group therapy for PD demonstrated more consistent improvements to intensity measures.Some controlled studies utilising singing group therapy resulted in improved intelligibility in PD. Group therapy may be an effective means of improving speech production and/or wellbeing in individuals with dysarthria following Parkinson’s disease. Studies’ employing loudness-based group therapy for PD demonstrated more consistent improvements to intensity measures. Some controlled studies utilising singing group therapy resulted in improved intelligibility in PD. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015029374.
A systematic review of social service and community resource interventions following stroke
Creators: name: Sauvé-Schenk, Katrine
name: Duong, Patrick
name: Savard, Jacinthe
name: Durand, François
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Finding and accessing social services and community resources are a challenge for stroke survivors and care partners. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify and review interventions that aimed to increase access and use of such services and resources post stroke. A systematic review of the published literature was performed using MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health (January 2008 to May 2020). Studies were included if they were quantitative designs and reported on outcomes of interventions addressing post-stroke access to social services or community resources. Results were synthesised narratively. 3566 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. The interventions included in this review varied in terms of target group, timing, and type of support provided (passive or active tailored information provision, referral service, navigation assistance). Outcome measures, for social service and community resource access, included discharge preparedness measures, service counts, observations, satisfaction evaluations, interviews, and open-ended questions. Overall, interventions demonstrated some improvements in information received and access to social services and community resources following stroke. Future research should focus on carrying out high quality studies that examine the effectiveness of various social service and community resource interventions, and on setting valid and reliable outcome measures.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONStroke survivors and care partners have unmet social service and community resource needs.Stroke survivors and care partners can benefit from interventions that provide information, referrals, and ongoing support to access services and resources.Clearly identifying social service and community resource needs is important for tailoring interventions to individual situations.Interventions should ideally be provided throughout the hospital stay, in acute care and rehabilitation, and continue on in the community. Stroke survivors and care partners have unmet social service and community resource needs. Stroke survivors and care partners can benefit from interventions that provide information, referrals, and ongoing support to access services and resources. Clearly identifying social service and community resource needs is important for tailoring interventions to individual situations. Interventions should ideally be provided throughout the hospital stay, in acute care and rehabilitation, and continue on in the community.
Large Scale Quasi-geostrophic Magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Balk, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of a shallow fluid layer on a rapidly rotating planet or star. The presence of a background toroidal magnetic field is assumed, and the "shallow water" beta-plane approximation is used. We derive a single equation for the slow large length scale dynamics. The range of validity of this equation fits the MHD of the lighter fluid at the top of Earth's outer core. The form of this equation is similar to the quasi-geostrophic (Q-G) equation (for usual ocean or atmosphere), but the parameters are essentially different. Our equation also implies the inverse cascade; but contrary to the usual Q-G situation, the energy cascades to smaller length scales, while the enstrophy cascades to the larger scales. We find the Kolmogorov-type spectrum for the inverse cascade. The spectrum indicates the energy accumulation in larger scales. In addition to the energy and enstrophy, the obtained equation possesses an extra invariant. Its presence is shown to imply energy accumulation in the $30^\circ$ sector around zonal flow. With some special energy input, the extra invariant can lead to the accumulation of energy in zonal flow; this happens if the input of the extra invariant is small, while the energy input is considerable.
On stable solutions of boundary reaction-diffusion equations and applications to nonlocal problems with Neumann data
Creators: name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Soave, Nicola
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Stability
subject: symmetry results
subject: classification of solution
subject: reaction-diffusion equations
subject: nonlocal equations
subject: 35J62
subject: 35J92
subject: 35J93
subject: 35B53

description: We study reaction-diffusion equations in cylinders with possibly nonlinear diffusion and possibly nonlinear Neumann boundary conditions. We provide a geometric Poincar´e-type inequality and classification results for stable solutions, and we apply them to the study of an associated nonlocal problem. We also establish a counterexample in the corresponding framework for the fractional Laplacian.
Structural rearrangement of infecting Sindbis virions at the cell surface: mapping of newly accessible epitopes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Sindbis virus glycoproliins E1 and E2 undergo a conformational alteration during early virus-cell interaction at the cell surface (D. Flynn, W. J. Meyer, J. M. MacKenzie, Jr., and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 64:3643-3653, 1990). Certain epitopes normally internal on native virus become accessible to monoclonal antibody (MAb) binding after attachment but before internalization of virus particles. These newly exposed epitopes, termed transitional epitopes, may be part of functionally important domains made accessible at the surface of the altered virus to facilitate entry into cells.Sindbis virus glycoproliins E1 and E2 undergo a conformational alteration during early virus-cell interaction at the cell surface (D. Flynn, W. J. Meyer, J. M. MacKenzie, Jr., and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 64:3643-3653, 1990). Certain epitopes normally internal on native virus become accessible to monoclonal antibody (MAb) binding after attachment but before internalization of virus particles. These newly exposed epitopes, termed transitional epitopes, may be part of functionally important domains made accessible at the surface of the altered virus to facilitate entry into cells.
Optimal control of doubly nonlinear evolution equations governed by subdifferentials without uniqueness of solutions
Creators: name: Farshbaf Shaker, Mohammad Hassan
name: Yamazaki, Noriaki
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: optimal control
subject: doubly nonlinear evolution equations
subject: subdifferentials
subject: without uniqueness
subject: 35K86
subject: 49J20
subject: 49J40

description: In this paper we study an optimal control problem for a doubly nonlinear evolution equation governed by time-dependent subdifferentials. We prove the existence of solutions to our equation. Also, we consider an optimal control problem without uniqueness of solutions to the state system. Then, we prove the existence of an optimal control which minimizes the nonlinear cost functional. Moreover, we apply our general result to some model problem.
Genetics of mouse hepatitis virus transcription: evidence that subgenomic negative strands are functional templates.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) A59 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants belonging to complementation group C were characterized and mapped by standard genetic recombination techniques. Temperature shift experiments early in infection suggested that the group C allele can be divided into two phenotypically distinct subgroups, designated C1 and C2. Since previous data indicated that the group C1 mutants probably contained an early defect which affects negative-strand synthesis, RNA synthesis was further examined by analyzing replicative-form (RF) RNA. Full-length as well as subgenomic-length RF RNAs were radiolabeled from 3 to 12 h postinfection (p.i.) and labeled late in infection after shift to the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees C). The relative percent molar ratios of each mRNA and corresponding RF RNA were roughly equivalent throughout infection. Temperature shift experiments at 5.5 or 6.0 h p.i. resulted in an 83 to 92% reduction in the amount of total RF RNA at 39.5 degrees C. Radiolabeling time course experiments after temperature shift to 39.5 degrees C also demonstrated incorporation (6 to 9 h p.i.) into both subgenomic-length and full-length RF RNAs, suggesting that previously transcribed negative strands were functional templates throughout infection. To determine if the reduction in RF RNA was due to a decrease in positive- or negative-strand RNA synthesis, rates of mRNA synthesis were calculated from both full-length and subgenomic-length templates. The rate of mRNA synthesis after the shift was increased at 39.5 degrees C compared with that at 32 degrees C regardless of the template used; however, transcription rates calculated from subgenomic-length templates were similar to those of other viral and eukaryotic polymerases. These findings support the notion that the group C1 allele regulates negative-strand RNA synthesis and strongly suggest that the subgenomic negative-strand RNAs are probably the predominant functional templates for the synthesis of positive-strand RNAs late in infection.
Driving the Growth of the Earliest Supermassive Black Holes with Major Mergers of Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Tanaka, Takamitsu L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation mechanism of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in general, and of $\sim 10^9\,{\rm M}_{\odot}$ SMBHs observed as luminous quasars at redshifts $z> 6$ in particular, remains an open fundamental question. The presence of such massive BHs at such early times, when the Universe was less than a billion years old, implies that they grew via either super-Eddington accretion, or nearly uninterrupted gas accretion near the Eddington limit; the latter, at first glance, is at odds with empirical trends at lower redshifts, where quasar episodes associated with rapid BH growth are rare and brief. In this work, I examine whether and to what extent the growth of the $z> 6$ quasar SMBHs can be explained within the standard quasar paradigm, in which major mergers of host galaxies trigger episodes of rapid gas accretion below or near the Eddington limit. Using a suite of Monte Carlo merger tree simulations of the assembly histories of the likely hosts of the $z> 6$ quasars, I investigate (i) their growth and major merger rates out to $z\sim 40$, and (ii) how long the feeding episodes induced by host mergers must last in order to explain the observed $z> 6$ quasar population without super-Eddington accretion. The halo major merger rate scales roughly as $\propto (1+z)^{5/2}$, with quasar hosts typically experiencing $> 10$ major mergers between $15> z > 6$ ($\approx 650\,{\rm Myr}$), compared to $\sim 1$ for typical massive galaxies at $3>z > 0$ ($\approx 11 \,{\rm Gyr}$). An example of a viable sub-Eddington SMBH growth model is one where a host merger triggers feeding for a duration comparable to the halo dynamical time. These findings suggest that the growth mechanisms of the earliest quasar SMBHs need not have been drastically different from their counterparts at lower redshifts.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures, invited submission to a focus issue on galactic centers in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Optimal control of the thermistor problem in three spatial dimensions
Creators: name: Meinlschmidt, Hannes
name: Meyer, Christian
name: Rehberg, Joachim
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: partial differential equations
subject: optimal control problems
subject: state constraints
subject: 33K55
subject: 35M10
subject: 49J20
subject: 49K20

description: This paper is concerned with the state-constrained optimal control of the three-dimensional thermistor problem, a fully quasilinear coupled system of a parabolic and elliptic PDE with mixed boundary conditions. This system models the heating of a conducting material by means of direct current. Local existence, uniqueness and continuity for the state system are derived by employing maximal parabolic regularity in the fundamental theorem of Prüss. Global solutions are addressed, which includes analysis of the linearized state system via maximal parabolic regularity, and existence of optimal controls is shown if the temperature gradient is under control. The adjoint system involving measures is investigated using a duality argument. These results allow to derive first-order necessary conditions for the optimal control problem in form of a qualified optimality system. The theoretical findings are illustrated by numerical results.
Acoustic scattering from corners, edges and circular cones
Creators: name: Elschner, Johannes
name: Hu, Guanghui
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: inverse medium scattering
subject: Helmholtz equation
subject: non-scattering wavenumbers
subject: 35R30
subject: 78A46

description: Consider the time-harmonic acoustic scattering from a bounded penetrable obstacle imbedded in an isotropic homogeneous medium. The obstacle is supposed to possess a circular conic point or an edge point on the boundary in three dimensions and a planar corner point in two dimensions. The opening angles of cones and edges are allowed to be non-convex. We prove that such an obstacle scatters any incoming wave non-trivially (i.e., the far field patterns cannot vanish identically), leading to the absence of real non-scattering wavenumbers. Local and global uniqueness results for the inverse problem of recovering the shape of a penetrable scatterers are also obtained using a single incoming wave. Our approach relies on the singularity analysis of the inhomogeneous Laplace equation in a cone.
In vitro characterization of an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) present within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis A virus RNA: comparison with the IRES of encephalomyocarditis virus.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The lengthy 5' nontranslated region (5' NTR) of hepatitis A virus (HAV) forms a highly ordered secondary structure, which has been suggested to play an important role in controlling viral translation by allowing for translation initiation by internal ribosome entry. To test this hypothesis, synthetic bicistronic RNAs, with all or part of the HAV 5' NTR in the intercistronic space, were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. In the presence of an upstream cistron designed to block ribosomal scanning, the HAV 5' NTR was capable of directing the internal initiation of translation, confirming the presence of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES).
Additional file 1 of Prophylactic abdominal drainage or no drainage after distal pancreatectomy (PANDORINA): a binational multicenter randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Vissers, F. L.
name: Balduzzi, A.
name: van Bodegraven, E. A.
name: van Hilst, J.
name: Festen, S.
name: Hilal, M. Abu
name: Asbun, H. J.
name: Mieog, J. S. D.
name: Koerkamp, B. Groot
name: Busch, O. R.
name: Daams, F.
name: Luyer, M.
name: De Pastena, M.
name: Malleo, G.
name: Marchegiani, G.
name: Klaase, J.
name: Molenaar, I. Q.
name: Salvia, R.
name: van Santvoort, H. C.
name: Stommel, M.
name: Lips, D.
name: Coolsen, M.
name: Bassi, C.
name: van Eijck, C.
name: Besselink, M. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1.
Large deletion mutations involving the first pyrimidine-rich tract of the 5' nontranslated RNA of human hepatitis A virus define two adjacent domains associated with distinct replication phenotypes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The 5' nontranslated RNA (5'NTR) of the HM175 strain of human hepatitis A virus contains several Pyrimidine-rich regions, the largest and most 5' of which (pY1) is an almost pure polypyrimidine tract located between nucleotides (nt) 99 and 138, which includes five tandem repeats of the sequence motif (U)UUCC(C). Previous modeling of the RNA secondary structure suggested that this region was likely to be single-stranded, but repetitive RNase V1 cleavage sites within these (U)UUCC(C) motifs indicated that pY1 possesses an ordered structure. To assess the role of this domain in replication of the virus, a series of large deletion mutations were created which involved the pY1 domain of an infectious cDNA clone.
Rigidity of critical points for a nonlocal Ohta--Kawasaki energy
Creators: name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Novaga, Matteo
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Otha-Kawasaki functional
subject: long-range interactions
subject: symmetry results
subject: critical point
subject: 49Q10
subject: 49Q20
subject: 35B38
subject: 58J70

description: We investigate the shape of critical points for a free energy consisting of a nonlocal perimeter plus a nonlocal repulsive term. In particular, we prove that a volume-constrained critical point is necessarily a ball if its volume is sufficiently small with respect to its isodiametric ratio, thus extending a result previously known only for global minimizers. We also show that, at least in one-dimension, there exist critical points with arbitrarily small volume and large isodiametric ratio. This example shows that a constraint on the diameter is, in general, necessary to establish the radial symmetry of the critical points.
Lethality of PE2 incorporation into Sindbis virus can be suppressed by second-site mutations in E3 and E2.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: Sindbis virions contain two glycoproteins, E1 and E2. E2 is produced initially as a precursor, PE2, from which the amino-terminal 64 amino acids are cleaved by a cellular protease at a late stage in virion maturation. A mutation at E2 position 1 (Arg to Asn) was placed into Sindbis virus AR339 by site-directed mutagenesis of a full-length AR339 cDNA clone, pTRSB, to produce pTRSB-N. The mutation created a signal for N-linked glycosylation immediately adjacent to the PE2 cleavage signal. Virions derived from pTRSB-N were glycosylated at E2 position 1, and they quantitatively incorporated PE2 in place of E2. When pTRSB-N transcripts were electroporated into BHK-21 cells, TRSB-N particles were released with nearly normal efficiency; however, the specific infectivity of TRSB-N particles was very low. Analysis of seven infectious revertants of TRSB-N revealed that reversion was linked to (i) mutations that eliminated the signal for N-linked glycosylation and thus restored the PE2 cleavage phenotype or (ii) conservation of the PE2 cleavage defect combined with incorporation of suppressor mutations in E3 or E2. The genotype of each revertant was reconstructed in the genetic background of TRSB-N, and each reverting mutation also was replaced individually into the genetic background of wild-type virus (TRSB). Each PE2-containing revertant was attenuated in newborn CD-1 mice and replicated poorly in cultured mosquito cells (C6/36). Reverting mutations in the genetic background of TRSB did not reduce virulence in mice or growth in mosquito cells, suggesting that the phenotypes of attenuation in mice and reduced growth in mosquito cells were linked to failure of PE2 cleavage and not to the reverting mutations themselves.
Clinical outcome measures to evaluate the effects of orthotic management post-stroke: a systematic review
Creators: name: Ramstrand, Nerrolyn
name: Stevens, Phillip M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: To identify, and classify, according to International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), clinically applicable outcome measures that have been used to evaluate lower limb orthotic management post-stroke and to investigate which outcome measures recorded the largest effect sizes. Electronic searches were performed in Pubmed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Cinahl, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to May 2020. Articles were included if they investigated clinical outcomes in people post-stroke who had received a lower-limb orthotic intervention. 88 articles underwent full-text review and 54 were included in the review, which was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) principles. 48 different outcome measures were identified; effect sizes were able to be calculated from 39 studies. The most frequently applied outcome measures were the 10-metre Walk Test and the timed-up-and-go test. Outcome measures that recorded large effect sizes in two or more studies were the 10-metre Walk Test, Functional Reach Test, and Physiological Cost Index. When coded according to the ICF, the most frequently represented codes were d450 (Walking) and d455 (moving around). Results suggest that outcome measures related to mobility (ICF chapter d4) are most often applied to evaluate orthotic management post-stroke. Effect sizes appear to be greatest in outcome measures related to velocity, balance, and energy expenditure.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe 10-meter Walk Test appears to have the greatest effect size when evaluating orthotic management post-stroke.While outcome measures related to mobility are commonly applied when evaluating orthotic management post-stroke, rehabilitation professionals should consider complementing these with measures representing the participation domain of the ICF. The 10-meter Walk Test appears to have the greatest effect size when evaluating orthotic management post-stroke. While outcome measures related to mobility are commonly applied when evaluating orthotic management post-stroke, rehabilitation professionals should consider complementing these with measures representing the participation domain of the ICF.
On fractional elliptic equations in Lipschitz sets and epigraphs: Regularity, monotonicity and rigidity results
Creators: name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Soave, Nicola
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: nonlocal semilinear equations
subject: sliding methods
subject: monotonicity
subject: regularity
subject: symmetry
subject: 35R11
subject: 26A33
subject: 60G22
subject: 35J91

description: We consider a nonlocal equation set in an unbounded domain with the epigraph property. We prove symmetry, monotonicity and rigidity results. In particular, we deal with halfspaces, coercive epigraphs and epigraphs that are flat at infinity. These results can be seen as the nonlocal counterpart of the celebrated article [4].
Tackling Radio Polarization of Energetic Pulsars
Creators: name: Craig, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional, geometrical rotating vector model (RVM) has proved particularly poor at capturing the polarization sweeps of the young energetic and millisecond pulsars detected by \textit{Fermi}. We augment this model by including finite altitude effects using a swept back vacuum dipole geometry. By further including the effects of orthogonal mode jumps, multiple emission altitudes, open zone growth via y-point lowering, and interstellar scattering, we show that a wide range of departures from RVM can be modeled well while retaining a geometrical picture. We illustrate these effects by fitting six \textit{Fermi}-detected pulsars (J0023$+$0923, J1024$-$0719, J1744$-$1134, J1057$-$5226, J1420$-$6048, and J2124$-$3358) and we describe how such modeling can improve our understanding of their emission geometry.
Planelike interfaces in long-range Ising models and connections with nonlocal minimal surfaces
Creators: name: Cozzi, Matteo
name: Dipierro, Serena
name: Valdinoci, Enrico
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: planelike minimizers
subject: phase transitions
subject: spin models
subject: Ising models
subject: long-range interactions
subject: nonlocal minimal surfaces
subject: 82C20
subject: 82B05
subject: 35R11

description: This paper contains three types of results: the construction of ground state solutions for a long-range Ising model whose interfaces stay at a bounded distance from any given hyperplane, the construction of nonlocal minimal surfaces which stay at a bounded distance from any given hyperplane, the reciprocal approximation of ground states for long-range Ising models and nonlocal minimal surfaces. In particular, we establish the existence of ground state solutions for long-range Ising models with planelike interfaces, which possess scale invariant properties with respect to the periodicity size of the environment. The range of interaction of the Hamiltonian is not necessarily assumed to be finite and also polynomial tails are taken into account (i.e. particles can interact even if they are very far apart the one from the other).
 In addition, we provide a rigorous bridge between the theory of long-range Ising models and that of nonlocal minimal surfaces, via some precise limit result.