cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hard X-ray emission in the star-forming region ON2: discovery with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Oskinova, L. M.
name: Gruendl, R. A.
name: Ignace, R.
name: Hamann, W. -R.
name: Chu, Y. -H.
name: Feldmeier, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtained X-ray XMM-Newton observations of the open cluster Berkeley 87 and the massive star-forming region (SFR) ON 2. In addition, archival infrared Spitzer Space Telescope observations were used. It is likely that the SFR ON 2 and Berkeley 87 are at the same distance, 1.23 kpc, and hence are associated. The XMM-Newton observations detected X-rays from massive stars in Berkeley 87 as well as diffuse emission from the SFR ON 2. The two patches of diffuse X-ray emission are encompassed in the shell-like H II region GAL 75.84+0.40 in the northern part of ON 2 and in the ON 2S region in the southern part of ON 2. The diffuse emission from GAL 75.84+0.40 suffers an absorption column equivalent to A_V approx. 28 mag. Its spectrum can be fitted either with a thermal plasma model at T < 30 MK or by an absorbed power-law model with gamma; approx. -2.6. The X-ray luminosity of GAL 75.84+0.40 is L_X approx. 6 10^31 erg/s. The diffuse emission from ON 2S is adjacent to the ultra-compact H II (UCHII) region Cygnus 2N, but does not coincide with it or with any other known UCHII region. It has a luminosity of L_X approx. 4 10^31 erg/s. The spectrum can be fitted with an absorbed power-law model with gamma; approx.-1.4. We adopt the view of Turner and Forbes (1982) that the SFR ON 2 is physically associated with the massive star cluster Berkeley 87 hosting the WO type star WR 142. We discuss different explanations for the apparently diffuse X-ray emission in these SFRs. These include synchrotron radiation, invoked by the co-existence of strongly shocked stellar winds and turbulent magnetic fields in the star-forming complex, cluster wind emission, or an unresolved population of discrete sources.
description: ApJ 2010, 712, 763. Reduced fig. resolution. Full resolution version is at http://www.astro.physik.uni-potsdam.de/research/abstracts/oskinova-ber87.html
Thermally populated versus field-induced triplon bound states in the Shastry-Sutherland lattice SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$
Creators: name: Wulferding, Dirk
name: Choi, Youngsu
name: Lee, Seungyeol
name: Prosnikov, Mikhail A.
name: Gallais, Yann
name: Lemmens, Peter
name: Zhong, Chengchao
name: Kageyama, Hiroshi
name: Choi, Kwang-Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Shastry-Sutherland compound SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ constituting orthogonally coupled dimers harbors a $S=0$ singlet ground state. The confluence of strong interdimer interaction and frustration engenders a spectrum of low-energy excitations including localized triplons as well as singlet and triplet bound states. Their dynamics are controlled by an external magnetic field and temperature. Here, we employ high-field Raman spectroscopy to map the field and temperature evolution of such bosonic composite quasiparticles on approaching the 1/8 magnetization plateau. Our study unveils that the magnetic field and thermal fluctuations show remarkably similar effects in melting the singlet bound states, but are disparate in their effects on the fine spectral shapes. This, together with the anti-crossing of two singlet bound states in the intermediate field $B=10-16$ T, is discussed in terms of the correlated dynamics of frustrated, interacting bosons.
Sliding-dependent electronic structures of alternating-twist tetralayer graphene
Creators: name: Shin, Kyungjin
name: Shin, Jiseon
name: Lee, Yoonsung
name: Min, Hongki
name: Jung, Jeil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic structure of alternating-twist tetralayer graphene, especially near its magic angle $θ= 1.75^\circ$, for different AA, AB, and SP sliding geometries at their middle interface that divides two twisted bilayer graphenes. This sliding dependence is shown for the bandwidths, band gaps, and $K$-valley Chern numbers of the lowest-energy valence and conduction bands as a function of twist angle and interlayer potential difference. Our analysis reveals that the AA sliding is most favorable for narrow bands and gaps, and the AB sliding is most prone to developing finite valley Chern numbers. We further analyze the linear longitudinal optical absorptions as a function of photon energy and the absorption map in the moiré Brillouin zone for specific transition energies. A self-consistent Hartree calculation reveals that the AA system's electronic structure is the most sensitive to variations in carrier density.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures
ENVRI-FAIR D2.2: ENVRI Community building, engagement and communications strategy
Creators: name: Brus, Magdalena
name: Ahlgren, Katri
name: Keski-Nisula, Mari
name: Ozolina, Karlina
name: Deleiter, Nina
name: Salmon, Emmanuel
name: Zilliacus, Alexander
name: Montinaro, Sara
name: Gerard, Elisabeth
name: Clark, Hannah
name: Giuntini, Alessandra
name: Christodoulaki, Sylvia
name: Hübner, Christiane
name: Barov, Boris
name: Rasilo, Terhi
name: Kaukolehto, Marjut
name: Metodiev, Teodor
name: Leijala, Ulpu
name: Dinicoiu, Mirela
name: Tjulin, Anders
name: Häggström, Ingemar
name: Flavin, Niamh
name: Makower, Katharina
name: Vitorino, Joao
name: Gomes, Joana Rita
name: Aguiar, José
name: Bollard, Marine
name: Vincenz-Donnelly, Lisa
name: Morisse, Merlijn
name: Gaber, Sabrina
name: Saponaro, Giulia
name: Dubost, Ariane
name: Mahe, Sarah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
deliverable
community
scientific communities
community building
communication activities
research infrastructures
multidisciplinar
Earth system

description: This document presents a strategy for ENVRI community communication and engagement actions. Such activities aim to further build the community of environmental research infrastructures (RI), with a special eye on the engagement of the RI scientific communities. The idea is to promote the RI collaboration benefits and inform about the opportunities offered thanks to the integrative and harmonization work among the RIs.
 However, the main goal of this strategy is to increase the visibility and two-way communications and engagement of the external stakeholders for the benefit of the ENVRI community as much as the collaborating RIs.
 This deliverable presents a summary of communications activities that are more possible, effective, or economical to do together rather than by individual member research infrastructures. We hope that such activities will increase the understanding of the Earth system's complexity and the necessity of studying the system holistically and the understanding of each specific RI's role in that system. Since such understanding is very much dependent on the in-situ observations, i.e., on the environmental RIs, the goal of the communications activities is to put the data and services provided by the RIs into the spotlight, and in that way attract more users, and eventually deliver a top-level multidisciplinary science.
Star Formation in Disks: Spiral Arms, Turbulence, and Triggering Mechanisms
Creators: name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star formation is enhanced in spiral arms because of a combination of orbit crowding, cloud collisions, and gravitational instabilities. The characteristic mass for the instability is 10^7 Msun in gas and 10^5 Msun in stars, and the morphology is the familiar beads on a string with 1-2 kpc separation. Similar instabilities occur in resonance rings and tidal tails. Sequential triggering from stellar pressure occurs in two ways. For short times and near distances, it occurs in the bright rims and dense knots that lag behind during cloud dispersal. For long times, it occurs in swept-up shells and along the periphery of cleared regions. The first case should be common but difficult to disentangle from independent star formation in the same cloud. The second case has a causality condition and a collapse condition and is often easy to recognize. Turbulent triggering produces a hierarchy of dense cloudy structure and an associated hierarchy of young star positions. There should also be a correlation between the duration of star formation and the size of the region that is analogous to the size-linewidth relation in the gas. The cosmological context is provided by observations of star formation in high redshift galaxies. Sequential and turbulent triggering is not yet observable, but gravitational instabilities are, and they show a scale up from local instabilities by a factor of ~3 in size and ~100 in mass. This is most easily explained as the result of an increase in the ISM turbulent speed by a factor of ~5. In the clumpiest galaxies at high redshift, the clumps are so large that they should interact with each other and merge in the center, where they form or contribute to the bulge.
description: IAU Symposium 254, The Galaxy Disk in Cosmological Context, 2009 in press 11 pages 1 figure
Particle emission from pulsars: bibliography
Creators: name: Manconi Silvia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this document we collect a bibliography for the talk given at 3rd EuCAPT symposium with the title: ''Particle emission from pulsars'' on 31/5/23, to facilitate the exploration of the topic to anyone interested. Please apologize my non-complete selection: if you believe an important piece of work or review is missing, please reach me at manconi@lapth.cnrs.fr.
title: Climate variability and change, smallholder farmer decision making, and food security in north-west Ghana
Creators: name: Dakurah, George
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2019

description: This thesis investigates smallholder farmers’ cropping decisions under climate variability and change using the villages of Doggoh and Tie of North Ghana as a case study. With rainfall projected to decrease and temperatures expected to rise, it is essential to understand the impacts of farmers’ cropping decisions under climate variability and change on the availability and utilisation of culturally preferred foods. To that end, this study had three objectives: (i) to examine farmers’ perception of climate variability and change and see how farmer perceptions match and mismatch analysis of meteorological data; understand how farmer’ perception of CVC are socially differentiated; and understand how cultural values shape farmers’ perception of CVC, (ii) to characterise farmers’ responses to CVC and understand why farmers are adapting or not adapting to CVC via crop selection, and (iii) to understand the social uses of food and the impact of farmers’ adaptation to CVC on the availability and utilisation of culturally preferred foods. The study draws on the Theory of Drought Perception, the Theory of Planned Behaviour, and the Social Identity Theory as theoretical lenses to guide the presentation of results. Situating the fieldwork in North-west Ghana, the data collection for this study lasted for ten months (spanning from January to October 2016). To that end, mixed methods involving key informant interviews, semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, and household case studies were used for the data collection. This involved 150 households for the semi-structured questionnaire (75 for each research village) and 34 household case studies (19 in the village of Doggoh and 15 in the village of Tie). The results revealed that farmers’ perceptions are not supported by the climatic data. Farmers observed a shift in the onset and cessation of rainfall from March to June and from November to October respectively. Farmers’ identified cultural factors as essential in explaining changes in their local climate. Having perceived changes in vii their local climate farmers have adapted by cultivating crops and crop varieties that are better suited to the prevailing changing climate. The only exception is that a few male-headed households continue to cultivate traditional varieties of groundnuts for cultural reasons even though such varieties produce less yield. Farmers reported changing diet patterns of culturally preferred foods as a result of the non-availability and less availability of culturally preferred food crops due to responses to climate variability and change. This study highlights the critical need for policymakers to be sensitive to the cultural foods of local people in the design of adaptation measures.
ENVRI-FAIR MS23: First face-to-face FAIR data management training event for ENVRI data centre staff completed
Creators: name: Hellström, Margareta
name: Johnsson, Maria
name: Fiore, Nicola
name: Vaira, Lucia
name: Konijn, Jacco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ENVRI-FAIR
milestones
data centre staff
training event
data management
service architecture

description: The objective of Work Package 6 is to provide training to ENVRIs and key ENVRI stakeholder
 groups about the FAIR principles, how to implement them in RI services and data
 management activities at data centre level, how to evaluate the degree of implementation
 using FAIR metrics, as well as relevant legal and policy requirements.
 While Task 6.1 is concerned with preparing and disseminating training resources, the main
 responsibility of Task 6.2 is to organise and provide training for data centre staff from RIs
 (both inside and outside of ENVRI-FAIR) on FAIR implementation.
 The primary target group for the training is staff at the ENVRI data centres, especially those
 concerned with data management and service architecture. This group will benefit both
 from self-paced study activities and from tutorial sessions organized e.g. in connection to
 project collaboration meetings and Webinars. A second important target group for the
 training is the staff of data centres of key local, regional and national institutions dealing
 with environmental data. In fact, many RIs are concerned with coordinating and
 disseminating data products (and services) produced by external contributors. These data
 provider communities will also benefit from training in FAIR practices. To promote this,
 tutorial sessions will be organized in connection to domain-specific conferences.
Running of the Number of Degrees of Freedom in Quantum Conformal Gravity
Creators: name: Giaccari, Stefano
name: Jizba, Petr
name: Kňap, Jaroslav
name: Rachwał, Lesław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the number of degrees of freedom in Weyl conformal gravity runs with the energy scale from the UV fixed point. To this end we employ two approaches. First, we utilize the Fradkin--Tseytlin prescription for the number of degrees of freedom and demonstrate that the one-loop results are highly dependent on the selected background. We then employ the counting methodology based on the $a$- and $c$-functions, which are typically used to characterize the trace anomaly of conformal field theory in four dimensions. We compute these in the enhanced one-loop approximation and demonstrate that the degrees of freedom decrease monotonically from six degrees in the UV regime. This behavior is independent of the backgrounds considered. Finally, we show how to relate the Fradkin--Tseytlin prescription to counting based on the $a$- and $c$-functions.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures
Finsler Geometrical Path Integral
Creators: name: Ootsuka, Takayoshi
name: Tanaka, Erico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new definition for the path integral is proposed in terms of Finsler geometry. The conventional Feynman's scheme for quantisation by Lagrangian formalism suffers problems due to the lack of geometrical structure of the configuration space where the path integral is defined. We propose that, by implementing the Feynman's path integral on an extended configuration space endowed with a Finsler structure, the formalism could be justified as a proper scheme for quantisation from Lagrangian only, that is, independent from Hamiltonian formalism. The scheme is coordinate free, and also a covariant framework which does not depend on the choice of time coordinate.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Integrability and renormalizability for the fully anisotropic ${\rm SU}(2)$ principal chiral field and its deformations
Creators: name: Kotousov, G. A.
name: Shabetnik, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the class of $1+1$ dimensional field theories referred to as the non-linear sigma models, there is known to be a deep connection between classical integrability and one-loop renormalizability. In this work, the phenomenon is reviewed on the example of the so-called fully anisotropic ${\rm SU}(2)$ Principal Chiral Field (PCF). Along the way, we discover a new classically integrable four parameter family of sigma models, which is obtained from the fully anisotropic ${\rm SU}(2)$ PCF by means of the Poisson-Lie deformation. The theory turns out to be one-loop renormalizable and the system of ODEs describing the flow of the four couplings is derived. Also provided are explicit analytical expressions for the full set of functionally independent first integrals (renormalization group invariants).
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, minor typos fixed, journal version
Aharonov-Bohm effects in nanostructures
Creators: name: Gurtovoi, V. L.
name: Nikulov, A. V.
name: Tulin, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the Little-Parks oscillations at measuring current much lower than the persistent current give unambiguous evidence of the dc current flowing against the force of the dc electric field because of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. This result can assume that an additional force is needed for description of the Aharonov-Bohm effect observed in semiconductor, normal metal and superconductor nanostructures in contrast to the experimental result obtained recently for the case of the two-slit interference experiment.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Finite-size scaling of the Kuramoto model at criticality
Creators: name: Park, Su-Chan
name: Park, Hyunggyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic scaling behavior of the Kuramoto model with finite populations has been notably elusive, despite comprehensive investigations employing both analytical and numerical methods. In this paper, we explore the Kuramoto model with ``deterministic'' sampling of natural frequencies, employing extensive numerical simulations and reporting the asymptotic values of the finite-size scaling exponents, which deviate significantly from the previously reported values in the literature. Additionally, we observe that these exponents are sensitive to the specifics of the sampling method. We discuss the origins of this variability through the self-consistent theory of entrained oscillators.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, minor changes
Random Matrix approach to collective behavior and bulk universality in protein dynamics
Creators: name: Potestio, Raffaello
name: Caccioli, Fabio
name: Vivo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Covariance matrices of amino acid displacements, commonly used to characterize the large-scale movements of proteins, are investigated through the prism of Random Matrix Theory. Bulk universality is detected in the local spacing statistics of noise-dressed eigenmodes, which is well described by a Brody distribution with parameter $β\simeq 0.8$. This finding, supported by other consistent indicators, implies a novel quantitative criterion to single out the collective degrees of freedom of the protein from the majority of high-energy, localized vibrations.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures
Updated Ultraviolet Fluorescence Efficiencies of CS: Evidence for Model Discrepancies in the Enhancement of NUV-Derived CS Abundances in Comets
Creators: name: Bromley, Steven
name: Noonan, John
name: Stachova, Barbora
name: Orszagh, Juraj
name: Bodewits, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of carbon monosulfide (CS) have a long history serving as a remote proxy for atomic sulfur, and more broadly, one of the sulfur reservoirs in cometary bodies. Recently, systematic discrepancies between NUV- and radio-derived CS abundances have been found to exceed a factor of 2 - 5, with NUV-derived abundances appearing enhanced for a wide array of comets. Interpretation of cometary CS emission in the ultraviolet has relied on a murky and ill-documented lineage of calculations whose accuracy can be difficult to assess. We report new fluorescence efficiencies of the CS radical, utilizing a rovibrational structure with vibrational states up to v = 8 and rotational states up to N = 100. The models utilize a new set of band transition rates derived from laboratory electron impact experiments. Benchmark comparisons to IUE observations of C/1979 Y1 (Bradfield) show favorable agreement with the fluorescence models. The present results affirm the accuracy of the historical record of CS abundances derived via ultraviolet CS emission in comets with IUE and HST, but do not explain the consistent enhancement of NUV-derived CS abundances relative to the radio measurements during the same apparitions. Alternative explanations of the factor of 2 - 5 discrepancy between NUV- and radio-derived CS abundances are discussed, as well as possible connections to sulfur reservoirs in protoplanetary disks. The model code and computed fluorescence efficiencies are made publicly available on the Zenodo service.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 1 Zenodo data link
Biological Inspiration for Artificial Immune Systems
Creators: name: Twycross, Jamie
name: Aickelin, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial immune systems (AISs) to date have generally been inspired by naive biological metaphors. This has limited the effectiveness of these systems. In this position paper two ways in which AISs could be made more biologically realistic are discussed. We propose that AISs should draw their inspiration from organisms which possess only innate immune systems, and that AISs should employ systemic models of the immune system to structure their overall design. An outline of plant and invertebrate immune systems is presented, and a number of contemporary research that more biologically-realistic AISs could have is also discussed.
description: 12 pages, 6th International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (ICARIS2007), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4628, Santos, Brazil
SDSS J013655.91+242546.0 - an A-type hyper-velocity star from the outskirts of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Tillich, A.
name: Przybilla, N.
name: Scholz, R. -D.
name: Heber, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyper-velocity stars (HVS) are moving so fast that they are unbound to the Galaxy. Dynamical ejection by a supermassive black hole is favoured to explain their origin. Locating the place of birth of an individual HVS is of utmost importance to understanding the ejection mechanism. SDSS J013655.91+242546.0 (J0136+2425 for short) was found amongst three high-velocity stars (drawn from a sample of more than 10000 blue stars), for which proper motions were measured. A kinematical as well as a quantitative NLTE spectral analysis was performed. When combined with the radial velocity (RV) and the spectroscopic distance, the trajectory of the star in the Galactic potential was reconstructed. J0136+2425 is found to be an A-type main-sequence star travelling at $\approx$590 \kms, possibly unbound to the Galaxy and originating in the outer Galactic rim nowhere near the Galactic centre. J0136+2425 is the second HVS candidate with measured proper motion, besides the massive B star HD 271791, and also the second for which its proper motion excludes a Galactic centre origin and, hence, the SMBH slingshot mechanism. Most known HVS are late B-type stars of about 3 M$_\odot$. With a mass of 2.45 M$_\odot$, J0136+2425 resembles a typical HVS far more than HD 271791 does. Hence, this is the first time that a typical HVS is found not to originate in the Galactic centre. Its ejection velocity from the disk is so high (550 \kms) that the extreme supernova binary scenario proposed for HD 271791 is very unlikely.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Fitting the Phenomenological MSSM
Creators: name: AbdusSalam, S. S.
name: Allanach, B. C.
name: Quevedo, F.
name: Feroz, F.
name: Hobson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a global Bayesian fit of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model (pMSSM) to current indirect collider and dark matter data. The pMSSM contains the most relevant 25 weak-scale MSSM parameters, which are simultaneously fit using `nested sampling' Monte Carlo techniques in more than 15 years of CPU time. We calculate the Bayesian evidence for the pMSSM and constrain its parameters and observables in the context of two widely different, but reasonable, priors to determine which inferences are robust. We make inferences about sparticle masses, the sign of the $μ$ parameter, the amount of fine tuning, dark matter properties and the prospects for direct dark matter detection without assuming a restrictive high-scale supersymmetry breaking model. We find the inferred lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass as an example of an approximately prior independent observable. This analysis constitutes the first statistically convergent pMSSM global fit to all current data.
description: Added references, paragraph on fine-tuning
Relaxation of a qubit measured by a driven Duffing oscillator
Creators: name: Serban, I.
name: Dykman, M. I.
name: Wilhelm, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the relaxation of a superconducting qubit for the case when its detector, the Josephson bifurcation amplifier, remains latched in one of its two (meta)stable states of forced vibrations. The qubit relaxation rates are different in different states. They can display strong dependence on the qubit frequency and resonant enhancement, which is due to quasienergy resonances. Coupling to the driven oscillator changes the effective temperature of the qubit.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. A (2010)
Semiheaps and Ternary Algebras in Quantum Mechanics Revisited
Creators: name: Bruce, Andrew James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A30, 17A40, 20N10, 81R99

description: We re-examine the appearance of semiheaps and (para-associative) ternary algebras in quantum mechanics. In particular, we review the construction of a semiheap on a Hilbert space and the set of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. The new aspect of this work is a discussion of how symmetries of a quantum system induce homomorphisms of the relevant semiheaps and ternary algebras.
description: 7 pages, comments welcomed
When Robots Get Chatty: Grounding Multimodal Human-Robot Conversation and Collaboration
Creators: name: Allgeuer, Philipp
name: Ali, Hassan
name: Wermter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to equip neural robotic agents with human-like social and cognitive competencies, for the purpose of open-ended human-robot conversation and collaboration. We introduce a modular and extensible methodology for grounding an LLM with the sensory perceptions and capabilities of a physical robot, and integrate multiple deep learning models throughout the architecture in a form of system integration. The integrated models encompass various functions such as speech recognition, speech generation, open-vocabulary object detection, human pose estimation, and gesture detection, with the LLM serving as the central text-based coordinating unit. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the huge potential of LLMs in providing emergent cognition and interactive language-oriented control of robots in a natural and social manner.
Physics-Informed Holomorphic Neural Networks (PIHNNs): Solving Linear Elasticity Problems
Creators: name: Calafà, Matteo
name: Hovad, Emil
name: Engsig-Karup, Allan P.
name: Andriollo, Tito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose physics-informed holomorphic neural networks (PIHNNs) as a method to solve boundary value problems where the solution can be represented via holomorphic functions. Specifically, we consider the case of plane linear elasticity and, by leveraging the Kolosov-Muskhelishvili representation of the solution in terms of holomorphic potentials, we train a complex-valued neural network to fulfill stress and displacement boundary conditions while automatically satisfying the governing equations. This is achieved by designing the network to return only approximations that inherently satisfy the Cauchy-Riemann conditions through specific choices of layers and activation functions. To ensure generality, we provide a universal approximation theorem guaranteeing that, under basic assumptions, the proposed holomorphic neural networks can approximate any holomorphic function. Furthermore, we suggest a new tailored weight initialization technique to mitigate the issue of vanishing/exploding gradients. Compared to the standard PINN approach, noteworthy benefits of the proposed method for the linear elasticity problem include a more efficient training, as evaluations are needed solely on the boundary of the domain, lower memory requirements, due to the reduced number of training points, and $C^\infty$ regularity of the learned solution. Several benchmark examples are used to verify the correctness of the obtained PIHNN approximations, the substantial benefits over traditional PINNs, and the possibility to deal with non-trivial, multiply-connected geometries via a domain-decomposition strategy.
Ampliando possibilidades com o uso do audiovisual
Creators: name: Porto, Marcelo Franco
name: Mota, Rosilane Ribeiro
name: Nadur, Thais Ferreira
name: Azevedo, João Elias de Figueiredo
Publisher: name: Labfront/UEMG
Year: 2023

description: O presente trabalho tem a proposição de fazer com que a arte audiovisual consiga comunicar e difundir os projetos de pesquisa da UFMG: o “Sistema Transcolar Rural”, “Escola Inteligente” e “Expresso Nordeste”. Com o objetivo de traduzir informações complexas geradas a partir de um sistema integrado de banco de dados; introduzir um sistema complementar de educação de forma carismática; e apresentar as dimensões e funcionalidades de um projeto de transporte de proporção nacional, sempre acessibilizando o conteúdo e gerando interesse pelos respectivos projetos. Usando de pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de  imagens, vídeos, bem como os materiais topográficos gerados a partir do banco de dados, é definido o roteiro das animações e seu método de produção, utilizando técnicas 2D e 3D, de acordo com proposta do discurso a ser passado.
Continual Learning Optimizations for Auto-regressive Decoder of Multilingual ASR systems
Creators: name: Kwok, Chin Yuen
name: Yip, Jia Qi
name: Chng, Eng Siong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Continual Learning (CL) involves fine-tuning pre-trained models with new data while maintaining the performance on the pre-trained data. This is particularly relevant for expanding multilingual ASR (MASR) capabilities. However, existing CL methods, mainly designed for computer vision and reinforcement learning tasks, often yield sub-optimal results when directly applied to MASR. We hypothesise that this is because CL of the auto-regressive decoder in the MASR model is difficult. To verify this, we propose four optimizations on the decoder. They include decoder-layer gradient surgery, freezing unused token embeddings, suppressing output of newly added tokens, and learning rate re-scaling. Our experiments on adapting Whisper to 10 unseen languages from the Common Voice dataset demonstrate that these optimizations reduce the Average Word Error Rate (AWER) of pretrained languages from 14.2% to 12.4% compared with Experience Replay, without compromising the AWER of new languages.
description: Proceedings of Interspeech
The dorsal tegmental noradrenergic projection : an analysis of its role in learning
Creators: name: Roberts, David Charles Stephen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The hypothesis that the noradrenergic projection from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the cerebral cortex and hippocampus is an important neural substrate for learning was evaluated. Maze performance was studied in rats receiving either electrolytic lesions of the LC, or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-0HDA) injections into the region of the dorsal tegmental noradrenergic projection. In contrast to the results of an earlier report (Anlezark, Crow, and Greenway, 1973), LC lesions did not disrupt the acquisition of a running response for food reinforcement in an L-shaped runway, even though hippocampal-cortical noradrenaline (NA) was reduced to 29%. Greater telencephalic NA depletions (to 6 percent of control levels) produced by 6-0HDA also failed to disrupt the acquisition of this behaviour or impair the acquisition of a food reinforced position habit in a T-maze. Neither locomotor activity nor habituation to a novel environment was affected by the 6-0HDA lesions. Rats with such lesions were, however, „ found to be significantly more distractible than controls during the performance of a previously trained response. In another group of rats with identical 6-OHDA injections, the establishment of a lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversion was not affected by the lesions. The hypothesis that telencephalic NA is of fundamental importance in learning was not supported.
Nitrogen investigation by SIMS in two wide band-gap semiconductors: Diamond and Silicon Carbide
Creators: name: Pinault-Thaury, M. A.
name: Pinault-Thaury, Marie-Amandine
name: Jomard, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diamond and Silicon Carbide (SiC) are promising wide band-gap semiconductors for power electronics, SiC being more mature especially in term of large wafer size (that has reached 200 mm quite recently). Nitrogen impurities are often used in both materials for different purpose: increase the diamond growth rate or induce n-type conductivity in SiC. The determination of the nitrogen content by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a difficult task mainly because nitrogen is an atmospheric element for which direct monitoring of N$^\pm$ ions give no or a weak signal. With our standard diamond SIMS conditions, we investigate 12C14N-secondary ions under cesium primary ions by applying high mass resolution settings. Nitrogen depth-profiling of diamond and SiC (multi-) layers is then possible over several micrometer thick over reasonable time analysis duration. In a simple way and without notably modifying our usual analysis process, we found a nitrogen detection limit of $2\times 10^{17}$ at/cm$^3$ in diamond and $5\times10^{15}$ at/cm$^3$ in SiC.
Lattice two-body problem with arbitrary finite range interactions
Creators: name: Valiente, Manuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the exact solution of the two-body problem on a tight-binding one-dimensional lattice, with pairwise interaction potentials which have an arbitrary but finite range. We show how to obtain the full spectrum, the bound and scattering states and the "low-energy" solutions by very efficient and easy-to-implement numerical means. All bound states are proven to be characterized by roots of a polynomial whose degree depends linearly on the range of the potential, and we discuss the connections between the number of bound states and the scattering lengths. "Low-energy" resonances can be located with great precission with the methods we introduce. Further generalizations to include more exotic interactions are also discussed.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
The second decametre pulsar census at UTR-2 radio telescope
Creators: name: Kravtsov, Ihor P.
name: Zakharenko, Vyacheslav V.
name: Ulyanov, Oleg M.
name: Shevtsova, Alisa I.
name: Yerin, Serge M.
name: Konovalenko, Oleksandr O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our paper presents the results of the second census of pulsars in decametre wave range at UTR-2 radio telescope. Over the past ten years, the number of discovered nearby pulsars in the world has doubled, which has made it urgent to search for a low-frequency radio emission from newly discovered sources. To increase this census sensitivity, the integration time was doubled compared with the first census of 2010-2013. As a result, the decametre radio emission of 20 pulsars was detected, their flux densities and the shape of pulses were obtained. The dispersion measure for 10 pulsars and the rotation period for 8 pulsars were refined. For several pulsars the scattering time constant and FWHM were estimated in decametre wave range. Upper limits of flux densities of 102 not yet detected pulsars were also estimated.
description: 10 pages, 25 figures, 3 tables. This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication in "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society" following peer review. The version of record [DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab3369] is available online at: (will be inserted upon publication here)
Accurate evolutions of inspiralling neutron-star binaries: assessment of the truncation error
Creators: name: Baiotti, Luca
name: Giacomazzo, Bruno
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently presented an investigation in full general relativity of the dynamics and gravitational-wave emission from binary neutron stars which inspiral and merge, producing a black hole surrounded by a torus (see arXiv:0804.0594). We here discuss in more detail the convergence properties of the results presented in arXiv:0804.0594 and, in particular, the deterioration of the convergence rate at the merger and during the survival of the merged object, when strong shocks are formed and turbulence develops. We also show that physically reasonable and numerically convergent results obtained at low-resolution suffer however from large truncation errors and hence are of little physical use. We summarize our findings in an "error budget", which includes the different sources of possible inaccuracies we have investigated and provides a first quantitative assessment of the precision in the modelling of compact fluid binaries.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. Minor changes to match published version. Added figure 5 right panel
X-ray polarization: A view deep inside cosmic ray driven turbulence and particle acceleration in supernova remnants
Creators: name: Bykov, Andrei. M.
name: Osipov, Sergei. M.
name: Uvarov, Yury. A.
name: Ellison, Donald. C.
name: Slane, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show here that highly polarized X-ray synchrotron radiation from young supernova remnants (SNRs) can be modeled within the framework of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) and nonlinear magnetic turbulence generation.Cosmic ray acceleration by SNR shocks to very high energies requires efficient magnetic turbulence amplification in the shock precursor.As the strong turbulence generated by Bell's instability far upstream from the viscous subshock convects through the subshock, nonlinear dynamical effects on the compressible fluctuations produce a downstream layer filled with strong anisotropic turbulence with predominantly radial magnetic fields.The synchrotron radiation from shock accelerated electrons in the turbulent downstream layer has a high degree of polarization shown to be consistent with recent observations of young SNRs by IXPE.In the case of Tycho's SNR, the measured X-ray radiation constrains the thickness of the energy containing interval and the amplitude of cosmic ray driven magnetic turbulence, as well as the maximal energy of accelerated protons.The preferential direction of the X-ray polarization depends sensitively on the SNR shock velocity and the ambient density.A unique feature of our model is the sensitive dependence of the degree and direction of X-ray polarization on the spatial overlap between regions of amplified magnetic turbulence and TeV electron populations.While this overlap occurs on scales orders of magnitude below the resolution of IXPE,its polarization measurement allows testing of turbulent plasma processes on unprecedented scales.The mechanism of formation of highly polarized X-ray synchrotron radiation in fast shocks with high level of anisotropic turbulent magnetic field preferentially directed along the shock normal may be applied to other systems like shocks produced by black hole jets.
description: Physical Review in print, 14 pages, 6 figures
Gamma-Ray Bursts: To be Short or Long is not the Question
Creators: name: Amati, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The association of a short gamma-ray burst with a core-collapse supernova seems to challenge current scenarios for the origin of these extreme events. But how much can we rely on observed duration for pinpointing their progenitors?
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, published in Nature Astronomy - News and Views section; published version available at the journal website link https://rdcu.be/cpVCE
Pressure-induced phonon-freezing in the ZnBeSe alloy: a study via the percolation mesoscope
Creators: name: Pradhan, Gopal K.
name: Narayana, Chandrabhas
name: Pages, Olivier
name: Breidi, Abedalhasan
name: Souhabi, Jihane
name: Postnikov, Andrei Viktor
name: Hassan, Fouad El Haj
name: Deb, Sudip K.
name: Firszt, Franciszek
name: Paszkowicz, Wojtek
name: Shukla, Abhay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the 1-bond -> 2-phonon percolation doublet of zincblende alloys as a mesoscope for an unusual insight into their phonon behavior under pressure. We focus on (Zn,Be)Se and show by Raman scattering that the original Be-Se doublet at ambient pressure, of the stretching-bending type, turns into a pure-bending singlet at the approach of the high-pressure ZnSe-like rocksalt phase, an unnatural one for the Be-Se bonds. The freezing of the Be-Se stretching mode is discussed within the scope of the percolation model (mesoscopic scale), with ab initio calculations in support (microscopic scale).
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
First Results and Prospects for $τ$ Lepton Physics at Belle~II
Creators: name: Kraetzschmar, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Belle II has a broad $τ$ physics program, in particular in searches for lepton flavour and lepton number violations. Belle II profits from the relatively large $τ$-pair production rate in the low background environment of $e^+e^-$ -collisions at 10.58 GeV. Up to mid-2021 Belle II collected a sample corresponding to $214~\text{fb}^{-1}$ of data. We present a first measurement of the $τ$ mass, the prospects for the $τ$-lifetime measurement, and review the overall $τ$ lepton physics program of Belle II.
description: 10th International Workshop on Charm Physics (CHARM2020)
title: Debut metastásico del cáncer de mama en mujeres menores de 40 años: nuestra experiencia
Creators: name: Iturre Salinas, Begoña
Publisher: name: Sociedad Española de Radiología Médica
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Ultrasound
subject: CT
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Objetivos
Material y método
Resultados
Conclusiones
Bibliografía
description: Objetivos:
Revisar las manifestaciones clínicas y radiológicas de las mujeres con cáncer de mama y edad inferior a 40 años que tuvieron un debut metastásico en el momento del diagnóstico Describir el protocolo diagnóstico empleado, la histología,
el...