Archaeological Survey and Test Excavations at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona
Creators: name: Greenwald, David H.
name: Anduze, Richard
name: Mary-Ellen Walsh-Anduze
Publisher: name: SWCA, Inc. Environmental Consultants
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Mesa, AZ
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77549/mesa-az
subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/335/arizona-state-territory
subject: Sonoran Desert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2772/sonoran-desert
subject: Phoenix Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/27/phoenix-basin
subject: Maricopa (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3900/maricopa-county
subject: Gila Butte Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/212/gila-butte-phase
subject: Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/53/prehistoric
subject: Santa Cruz Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/213/santa-cruz-phase
subject: Historic Pima
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5621/historic-pima
subject: Sacaton Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/214/sacaton-phase
subject: Ceramic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5688/ceramic-period
subject: Gila Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5625/gila-phase
subject: Classic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/125/classic-period
subject: Early Agricultural period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/158/early-agricultural-period
subject: Proto-Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/286/proto-historic
subject: Sedentary Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5504/sedentary-period
subject: Colonial Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5377/colonial-period
subject: Polvóron Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5505/polvoron-phase
subject: Soho Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5772/soho-phase
subject: Mogollon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/34/mogollon
subject: Huhugam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8166/huhugam
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: AZ U:10:60 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/79182/az-u1060-asm
subject: The Outer Limits Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101326/the-outer-limits-site
subject: The Lost Pioneer Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101325/the-lost-pioneer-site
subject: AZ U:10:64 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/79184/az-u1064-asm
subject: AZ U:10:63 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/79183/az-u1063-asm
subject: AZ U:10:67 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/79186/az-u1067-asm
subject: AZ U:10:62 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/79185/az-u1062-asm
subject: AZ U:10:25 (ASU)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78260/az-u1025-asu
subject: The Southwest Germann Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90071/the-southwest-germann-site
subject: AZ U:10:68 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78370/az-u1068-asm
subject: AZ U:10:77 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78369/az-u1077-asm
subject: AZ U:10:65 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78372/az-u1065-asm
subject: The Midvale Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101316/the-midvale-site
subject: AZ U:10:66 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78371/az-u1066-asm
subject: The In-Between Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101318/the-in-between-site
subject: The Will E. Coyote Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101317/the-will-e-coyote-site
subject: The Touch ’n Go Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101320/the-touch-n-go-site
subject: AZ U:10:61 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/78375/az-u1061-asm
subject: The Ordinance Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101319/the-ordinance-site
subject: The Grenade Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101322/the-grenade-site
subject: The Flight Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101321/the-flight-site
subject: AZ U:10:20 (ASU)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/79180/az-u1020-asu
subject: El Homo Grande Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101324/el-homo-grande-site
subject: The Radar Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/101323/the-radar-site
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Cremation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/880/cremation
subject: Agricultural or Herding
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/273/agricultural-or-herding
subject: Canal or Canal Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/275/canal-or-canal-feature
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Rock Cluster
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1012/rock-cluster
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Handstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2637/handstone
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Plainware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/174/plainware
subject: Tabular Tool
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2734/tabular-tool
subject: Grindstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2799/grindstone
subject: Buffware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/465/buffware
subject: Basalt
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/214/basalt
subject: Rhyolite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/248/rhyolite
subject: Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/217/quartzite
subject: Quartz
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/314/quartz
subject: Redware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/444/redware
subject: Scraper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/93/scraper
subject: Hammerstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/94/hammerstone
subject: Polychrome
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2752/polychrome
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Mano
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/131/mano
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Red-on-Buff
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2629/red-on-buff
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: metate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/167/metate
subject: Core
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2121/core
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Records Search / Inventory Checking
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/8/records-search-inventory-checking
subject: Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/9/research-design-data-recovery-plan
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing
subject: Systematic Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/12/systematic-survey

description: Archaeological investigations at Williams Air Force Base (WAFB), located in southeast Maricopa County, Arizona, were initiated in response to the 1991 Defense Base Closure and Realignment Commission’s (the Closure Commission) recommendation to close WAFB following the passage of the Defense Base Closure and Realignment Act of 1990 (the Closure Act) (Public Law 101-510, Title XXIX). Prior to closure or realignment of base facilities, preparation of an environment impact statement (EIS) was required, including documentation and evaluation of all cultural resources on WAFB. AFCEE contracted with Halliburton NUS Corporation to complete the EIS for WAFB. Halliburton NUS in turn subcontracted SWCA, Inc., Environmental Consultants, under Subcontract No. 4011-92- 014, to conduct the cultural resource inventory for all portions of WAFB that previously had not been inventoried or were not occupied by existing facilities. SWCA conducted investigations on approximately 2000 acres of the base and examined inventory documents from previous investigations. Three cultural properties (sites) were known from previous archaeological efforts at WAFB and on parcels that lay adjacent to the base. The Midvale Site, AZ U:10:24(ASU) was one. The other two cultural properties (AZ U:10:20, ASU, and AZ U:10:25, ASU) were re-examined and included in the evaluation process; the Midvale Site received no additional study. In order to determine the number of cultural properties present at WAFB and to develop recommendations for those cultural properties, two levels of examination were necessary. First, a cultural resource inventory for the 2000-acre portion of the base not previously inventoried was conducted, resulting in the discovery and recording of nine additional sites (AZ U:10:60, ASM, through AZ U:10:68, ASM). The results are presented as Part I of this document. Second, to define site boundaries and determine NRHP eligibility, a subsurface testing phase was implemented at eleven sites. The boundary definition that took place was done primarily for planning purposes and was not meant to be definitive. Additional testing or monitoring may be required if construction occurs near the "boundary" of a National Register eligible site, and extent testing will be required on any eligible site prior to implementation of development plans. The results of testing are presented as Part II.