cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Venice: Improving Solid-State Drive Parallelism at Low Cost via Conflict-Free Accesses
Creators: name: Nadig, Rakesh
name: Sadrosadati, Mohammad
name: Mao, Haiyu
name: Ghiasi, Nika Mansouri
name: Tavakkol, Arash
name: Park, Jisung
name: Sarbazi-Azad, Hamid
name: Luna, Juan Gómez
name: Mutlu, Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The performance and capacity of solid-state drives (SSDs) are continuously improving to meet the increasing demands of modern data-intensive applications. Unfortunately, communication between the SSD controller and memory chips (e.g., 2D/3D NAND flash chips) is a critical performance bottleneck for many applications. SSDs use a multi-channel shared bus architecture where multiple memory chips connected to the same channel communicate to the SSD controller with only one path. As a result, path conflicts often occur during the servicing of multiple I/O requests, which significantly limits SSD parallelism. It is critical to handle path conflicts well to improve SSD parallelism and performance. Our goal is to fundamentally tackle the path conflict problem by increasing the number of paths between the SSD controller and memory chips at low cost. To this end, we build on the idea of using an interconnection network to increase the path diversity between the SSD controller and memory chips. We propose Venice, a new mechanism that introduces a low-cost interconnection network between the SSD controller and memory chips and utilizes the path diversity to intelligently resolve path conflicts. Venice employs three key techniques: 1) a simple router chip added next to each memory chip without modifying the memory chip design, 2) a path reservation technique that reserves a path from the SSD controller to the target memory chip before initiating a transfer, and 3) a fully-adaptive routing algorithm that effectively utilizes the path diversity to resolve path conflicts. Our experimental results show that Venice 1) improves performance by an average of 2.65x/1.67x over a baseline performance-optimized/cost-optimized SSD design across a wide range of workloads, 2) reduces energy consumption by an average of 61% compared to a baseline performance-optimized SSD design.
description: To appear in Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture (ISCA), 2023
Time Out
Creators: name: Hallock, Jesse
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: Under chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Code, U.S. courts will only recognize foreign insolvency proceedings that are based in the location of the debtor’s center of main interests (“COMI”). In In re Fairfield Sentry, the Second Circuit held that courts should evaluate a debtor’s COMI at the time of its filing a chapter 15 petition, rather than the earlier date of when it commenced the underlying foreign proceeding. Unfortunately, this approach incentivizes forum shopping by allowing companies to file proceedings in the jurisdictions most friendly to their interests and utilize the extra time to reestablish it as their COMI for recognition purposes. This Note suggests the implementation of “COMI selection clause” requirements in company charters to combat this problem. While requiring companies to designate their COMI in their charters will not eliminate forum shopping, it will substantially increase transparency and allow potential creditors to ascertain the jurisdiction of future insolvency proceedings at the time they enter into contractual relations.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 3
Intensity correlation holography for remote phase sensing and 3D imaging
Creators: name: Thekkadath, Guillaume
name: England, Duncan
name: Sussman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Holography is an established technique for measuring the wavefront of optical signals through interferometric combination with a reference wave. Conventionally the integration time of a hologram is limited by the interferometer coherence time, thus making it challenging to prepare holograms of remote objects, especially using weak illumination. Here, we circumvent this limitation by using intensity correlation interferometry. Although the exposure time of individual holograms must be shorter than the interferometer coherence time, we show that any number of randomly phase-shifted holograms can be combined into a single intensity-correlation hologram. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we use this technique to perform phase imaging and 3D reconstruction of an object at a ~3m distance using weak illumination and without active phase stabilization.
description: 10 pages; 3 figures
Additional file 6 of Identification and validation of a novel survival prediction model based on the T-cell phenotype in the tumor immune microenvironment and peripheral blood for gastric cancer prognosis
Creators: name: Ma, Jing
name: Li, Jianhui
name: He, Nan
name: Qian, Meirui
name: Lu, Yuanyuan
name: Wang, Xin
name: Wu, Kaichun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6: Table S1. The clinical-pathological characteristics of TIME-A and TIME-B. Table S2. The clinical pathological characteristics of PBL-A and PBL-B. Table S3. Sensitivity and specificity of TIME and PBLs parameters in predicting prognosis. Table S4. Multivariate Cox regression analysis for the candidate parameters of model 3 in the internal cohort. Table S5. The clinical pathological characters of patients.
A simple model to interpret the ultraviolet, optical and infrared SEDs of galaxies
Creators: name: da Cunha, Elisabete
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Elbaz, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple, largely empirical but physically motivated model, which is designed to interpret consistently multi-wavelength observations from large samples of galaxies in terms of physical parameters, such as star formation rate, stellar mass and dust content. Our model is both simple and versatile enough to allow the derivation of statistical constraints on the star formation histories and dust contents of large samples of galaxies using a wide range of ultraviolet, optical and infrared observations. We illustrate this by deriving median-likelihood estimates of a set of physical parameters describing the stellar and dust contents of local star-forming galaxies from the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxy Sample (SINGS) and from a newly-matched sample of SDSS galaxies observed with GALEX, 2MASS, and IRAS. The model reproduces well the observed spectral energy distributions of these galaxies across the entire wavelength range from the far-ultraviolet to the far-infrared. We find important correlations between the physical parameters of galaxies which are useful to investigate the star formation activity and dust properties of galaxies. Our model can be straightforwardly applied to interpret observed ultraviolet-to-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from any galaxy sample.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Conference Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 262: Stellar Populations - Planning for the Next Decade, G. Bruzual & S. Charlot eds
The Convergence of Insurance with Banking and Securities Industries, and the Limits of Regulatory Arbitrage in Finance
Creators: name: Turk, Matthew C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: This Article examines the regulatory challenges raised by recent, overlooked changes in insurance markets that have led to a functional convergence between insurance and the broader financial sector. The law literature on financial regulation last addressed the issue of convergence over a decade ago, before the latest generation of market innovation and at a time when concern over systemic stability was not at the forefront. This Article revisits the convergence phenomenon in the context of insurance, and does so by applying an analytical framework that distinguishes between two “boundary problems” that accompany all financial regulation. One problem concerns jurisdictional boundaries: to what degree does market integration require that diverse regulations be harmonized across jurisdictions? The other relates to definitional boundaries: within a given jurisdiction, how should distinctions be drawn among financial products or firms that have come to perform similar economic functions? Applying this framework leads to two conclusions that are in tension with the current thrust of policy as well as the literature. First, the Federal Insurance Office established by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act is inappropriately structured to leverage international harmonization agreements into domestic reforms, whereas the reverse orientation would be more effective. Second, frequent calls for more “functional regulation” fail to appreciate the subtle advantages of retaining formalistic legal definitions, even in the face of increasing economic convergence. Although this Article explains how the two boundary problems raise distinct sets of policy tradeoffs, at bottom both are a product of the possibility for regulatory arbitrage across jurisdictions or industry definitions, and the potential for a loosely regulated shadow finance sector to arise. Here, insurance is used as a case study for finance in general, to demonstrate that regulatory arbitrage can occur along a surprising number of fronts, which compounds the difficulty of obtaining reliable ex ante estimates of a proposed financial regulation’s effects.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 3
Fluid limits for networks with bandwidth sharing and general document size distributions
Creators: name: Gromoll, H. Christian
name: Williams, Ruth J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K30 (Primary) 60F17, 90B15 (Secondary)

description: We consider a stochastic model of Internet congestion control, introduced by Massoulié and Roberts [Telecommunication Systems 15 (2000) 185--201], that represents the randomly varying number of flows in a network where bandwidth is shared among document transfers. In contrast to an earlier work by Kelly and Williams [Ann. Appl. Probab. 14 (2004) 1055--1083], the present paper allows interarrival times and document sizes to be generally distributed, rather than exponentially distributed. Furthermore, we allow a fairly general class of bandwidth sharing policies that includes the weighted $α$-fair policies of Mo and Walrand [IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 8 (2000) 556--567], as well as certain other utility based scheduling policies. To describe the evolution of the system, measure valued processes are used to keep track of the residual document sizes of all flows through the network. We propose a fluid model (or formal functional law of large numbers approximation) associated with the stochastic flow level model. Under mild conditions, we show that the appropriately rescaled measure valued processes corresponding to a sequence of such models (with fixed network structure) are tight, and that any weak limit point of the sequence is almost surely a fluid model solution. For the special case of weighted $α$-fair policies, we also characterize the invariant states of the fluid model.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP541 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Multiplex movie of concerted rotation of molecules on a 2D material
Creators: name: Baumgärtner, Kiana
name: Nozaki, Misa
name: Reuner, Marvin
name: Wind, Nils
name: Haniuda, Masato
name: Metzger, Christian
name: Heber, Michael
name: Kutnyakhov, Dmytro
name: Pressacco, Federico
name: Wenthaus, Lukas
name: Hara, Keisuke
name: Min, Chul-Hee
name: Beye, Martin
name: Reinert, Friedrich
name: Roth, Friedrich
name: Mahatha, Sanjoy Kr
name: Madsen, Anders
name: Wehling, Tim
name: Niki, Kaori
name: Popova-Gorelova, Daria
name: Rossnagel, Kai
name: Scholz, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Function is dynamic and originates at atomic interfaces. Combining the degrees of freedom of molecules with the peculiar properties of 2D quantum materials can create novel functionality. Here, we report the manipulation and ultrafast imaging of a unidirectional gearing motion in molecules on a 2D quantum material. To visualize and disentangle the intertwined structural and electronic dynamics of such a hybrid interface, we record a 'full molecular movie' by imaging the atomic positions, the evolution of the molecular orbital wavefunctions and the modification of electronic states of the substrate. In a multimodal investigation in a single setup, we disentangle dynamics in valence and core electrons of both the molecule and the surface with femtosecond and sub-ångström precision. The ultrafast rotational motion is fueled by the transfer of hot holes into the molecules that results in 'supercharging' of the film. As hot carriers move through the interface, we track a transient modification of the frontier molecular orbitals and observe a chiral symmetry breaking associated with local structural rearrangements. Our calculations show that the 'supercharging' changes the interfacial potential energy landscape and triggers the gearing motion. The experiment offers all-in-one imaging of the electronic, molecular orbital, chemical and structural dynamics during the flow of charge and energy across the hybrid interface. Our approach provides detailed dynamical information on the mechanism underlying surface-adsorbed molecular gears and enables tailoring novel functionalities in hybrid active matter.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
How task frames affect the process and products of inquiry
Creators: name: Novin, Alamir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: According to Goffman’s (1974) Framing Theory, information is always presented in a frame (i.e., parameters that both limit and contextualize information). For example, a photograph is often framed both to communicate essential information (e.g., by focusing on a subject) and to remove information deemed unnecessary (e.g., by cropping a scene). However, when people look at the information, they might not always have the frame's parameters in mind (e.g., what information did a photographer crop out of the photograph?). In addition, many topics are open problems, meaning they are subject to multiple frames (e.g., how to solve climate change). How do people reconcile these multiple frames in an open problem when they seek online information? To explore this question, I conducted an experiment to understand how frames affect the search process of students working to solve open-ended information problems. Participants were asked to research on Google the use of cellphones on campus, and divided into two conditions: one condition was provided with a task framed around health, while the other condition had a task with no frame. The study found a significant difference between conditions both in the behaviors students exhibit with selecting information and their activities when using information. I used a think-aloud to observe abductive reasoning (i.e., the reasoning people use to find information outside of a frame). An analysis of the think-aloud data identified eight themes whereby people reference frames, which can assist abductive reasoning. My findings have implications for both information systems design and the end-users of those systems (e.g., from information design to teachers creating information curricula). As our search systems become more automated and more reliant on advanced AI, the role of frames will become essential to our mediation and evaluation of information.
p53 missense mutation is associated with immune cell PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer
Creators: name: Xing, Ai-Yan
name: Liu, Long
name: Liang, Ke
name: Wang, Bin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a pivotal biomarker of immunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TP53 is reported as a positive regulatory predictor of immune efficacy. The correlation of p53 expression or mutation and PD-L1 expression is explored. By immunohistochemistry, PD-L1 expression between p53 mutation (missense and nonsense) and wild type; p53 no-expression/loss vs. expression were compared. There was a significant association between p53 mutation, especially missense mutation with higher histological grade, and PD-L1 expression in immune cells (ICs). Both p53 missense mutation and PD-L1 expression may be potential targets for improving immunotherapy response in TNBC.
Accelerator-Aware Training for Transducer-Based Speech Recognition
Creators: name: Shakiah, Suhaila M.
name: Swaminathan, Rupak Vignesh
name: Nguyen, Hieu Duy
name: Chinta, Raviteja
name: Afzal, Tariq
name: Susanj, Nathan
name: Mouchtaris, Athanasios
name: Strimel, Grant P.
name: Rastrow, Ariya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning model weights and activations are represented in full-precision during training. This leads to performance degradation in runtime when deployed on neural network accelerator (NNA) chips, which leverage highly parallelized fixed-point arithmetic to improve runtime memory and latency. In this work, we replicate the NNA operators during the training phase, accounting for the degradation due to low-precision inference on the NNA in back-propagation. Our proposed method efficiently emulates NNA operations, thus foregoing the need to transfer quantization error-prone data to the Central Processing Unit (CPU), ultimately reducing the user perceived latency (UPL). We apply our approach to Recurrent Neural Network-Transducer (RNN-T), an attractive architecture for on-device streaming speech recognition tasks. We train and evaluate models on 270K hours of English data and show a 5-7% improvement in engine latency while saving up to 10% relative degradation in WER.
description: Accepted to SLT 2022
Money Market Fund Reform
Creators: name: Crochran, Martha L.
name: Freeman, David F.
name: Clark, Helen Mayer
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: For more than four years, our law firm represented a large asset manager and adviser to money market mutual funds in the debate over proposals to impose new regulations on these funds. These proposals were developed in response to the heavy redemptions from prime money market funds during 2008 in the depths of the financial crisis. In this Article we share our observations about the dynamics of the debate and the forces that led to the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) action in 2014 to adopt amendments to its money market fund rules, which will be fully implemented on October 14, 2016. We begin with an overview of the SEC’s action, followed by a review of money market fund regulation, a recounting of relevant events in the 2007–2009 financial crisis, a discussion of the SEC’s initial efforts on money market fund reform, and a discussion of the impact of the new Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”) on the debate. We end with our comments regarding the SEC’s new money market fund rules and some concluding observations. While the purpose of this Article is to provide a narrative of events that led to the SEC’s ultimate decision on new money market funds rules, we observe that the FSOC’s intervention into the SEC’s rulemaking, accompanied by threats of further FSOC action against SEC-regulated entities if the SEC failed to act on new rules, raises serious concerns and questions yet to be addressed about the role of the FSOC and the independence of the SEC as the primary capital markets regulator. The FSOC’s actions, if left unchecked, could portend a shift of power toward bank-like regulation of the capital markets.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 3
The Sequence Matters in Learning -- A Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Torre, Manuel Valle
name: Oertel, Catharine
name: Specht, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Describing and analysing learner behaviour using sequential data and analysis is becoming more and more popular in Learning Analytics. Nevertheless, we found a variety of definitions of learning sequences, as well as choices regarding data aggregation and the methods implemented for analysis. Furthermore, sequences are used to study different educational settings and serve as a base for various interventions. In this literature review, the authors aim to generate an overview of these aspects to describe the current state of using sequence analysis in educational support and learning analytics. The 74 included articles were selected based on the criteria that they conduct empirical research on an educational environment using sequences of learning actions as the main focus of their analysis. The results enable us to highlight different learning tasks where sequences are analysed, identify data mapping strategies for different types of sequence actions, differentiate techniques based on purpose and scope, and identify educational interventions based on the outcomes of sequence analysis.
description: This version is for personal use and not for redistribution. The final version was published as part of the proceedings of the 14th Learning Analytics and Knowledge Conference (LAK '24). March 18--22, 2024, Kyoto, Japan
Testing Electron Boost Invariance with 2S-1S Hydrogen Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Altschul, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are few good direct laboratory tests of boost invariance for electrons, because the experiments required often involve repeated precision measurements performed at different times of year. However, existing measurements and remeasurements of the 2S-1S two-photon transition frequency in H--which were done to search for a time variation in the fine structure constant--also constitute a measurement of the boost symmetry violation parameter 0.83c_(TX) + 0.51c_(TY) + 0.22c_(TZ) = (4 +/- 8) x 10^(-11). This is an eight order of magnitude improvement over preexisting laboratory bounds, and with only one additional measurements, this system could yield a second comparable constraint.
description: 8 pages
Development of methods for studying the rheology of interfaces and microparticles
Creators: name: Huang, Yun-Han
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The rheological characterization of interfaces and microparticles is important in various applications. For instance, interfacial rheology of aveoli plays a vital role in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases or damage. The rheology of viscoelastic microcapsules is also significant in drug delivery and predicting deformation behaviors through capillaries and digestive tracts. Furthermore, the interfacial rheology of oil-water interfaces is also important in the processing of wastewater and cleaning up oil spills. This dissertation develops methods for characterizing the rheology of interfaces and microparticles, including a new instrument for interfacial dilational rheology and mathematical models for several microparticles. This dissertation aims to contribute to the field by improving the methods of rheological characterization from the aspects of measurement techniques and mathematical models. We approached this by introducing a new instrument for characterizing the dilational rheology of air-liquid interfaces, which includes a mechanism of deformation that is different from existing techniques. The validation the interfacial dilational rheometer was done by frequency sweep measurements with soluble surfactants, and we also demonstrated integrating the design with a Langmuir trough. In terms of improving the models, we study the viscoelasticity of gellan-gum microcapsules and proposed a simple but effective mathematical models for relating the overall modulus of core-shell microcapsule with their shell modulus. We also present a work on characterizing the viscoelasticity of neurospheres, where we observede size-dependent elastic moduli of them. Our findings further suggest that the trends between elastic moduli and the size of tissue remain the same for the treated and untreated group. Therefore, it would be an incorrect oversimplification to take average of moduli for neurospheres with various sizes and claim that there is a significant difference in moduli among the two groups. The findings along with the developed instrument in this dissertation can serve as useful tools and guidelines for future studies of the rheological characterization of interfaces and microparticles.
Activist Hedge Funds in a World of Board Independence
Creators: name: Sharfman, Bernard
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2016

description: Numerous empirical studies have shown that hedge fund activism has led to enhanced returns to investors and increased firm performance. Nevertheless, leading figures in the corporate governance world have taken issue with these studies and have argued that hedge fund activism leads to long-term value destruction. This Article argues that an activist hedge fund creates long-term value by signaling to the board of directors (“Board”) that its executive management team may be making inefficient decisions and providing recommendations on how the company should proceed in light of those inefficiencies. These recommendations require the Board to review and question the direction executive management is taking the company and then choose which path the company should take: the one recommended by executive management, the one recommended by the activist hedge fund, or a combination of both. This argument relies on the existence of a Board that can act as an independent arbitrator in deciding whose recommendations should be followed. In addition, this Article discusses the implications for shareholder voting when an activist hedge fund interacts with an independent Board. Finally, it gives an explanation for why activist hedge funds do not provide recommendations that involve long-term investment.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 3
Intrinsic volumes of inscribed random polytopes in smooth convex bodies
Creators: name: Bárány, Imre
name: Fodor, Ferenc
name: Vígh, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A22

description: Let $K$ be a $d$ dimensional convex body with a twice continuously differentiable boundary and everywhere positive Gauss-Kronecker curvature. Denote by $K_n$ the convex hull of $n$ points chosen randomly and independently from $K$ according to the uniform distribution. Matching lower and upper bounds are obtained for the orders of magnitude of the variances of the $s$-th intrinsic volumes $V_s(K_n)$ of $K_n$ for $s\in\{1, ..., d\}$. Furthermore, strong laws of large numbers are proved for the intrinsic volumes of $K_n$. The essential tools are the Economic Cap Covering Theorem of Bárány and Larman, and the Efron-Stein jackknife inequality.
Congress Killed the Radio Star
Creators: name: Jolson, Melanie
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2015

description: For a right to exist under federal copyright law, it must be affirmatively granted in Section 106 of the Copyright Act and fall within the accepted subject matter listed in Section 105. The exclusive right that musicians have in their sound recordings is limited to the right to “perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.” The peculiar wording of “digital audio transmission” exempts radio stations from paying for the right to use the sound recordings that make up all of their music programming. Congress has tried to end this exemption several times, most recently in a failed attempt to pass the Performance Rights Act (“PRA”) of 2009. Since the failure of the PRA, two developments have further complicated the issue: a private deal by music industry giants—Clear Channel and Warner Music Group—and state copyright law suits over sound recording royalties for pre-1972 recordings. These events further compel the need for a full federal sound recording performance right. This Note contends that the best way for Congress to finally institute a full performance right is to use the current congressional review of copyright law to eliminate the exemption. As the Copyright Office recently completed a comprehensive review of music licensing law, including this change in an already proposed omnibus music copyright bill presents the perfect opportunity to eliminate the exemption.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 2
Ehrenfest Modeling of Cavity Vacuum Fluctuations and How to Achieve Emission from a Three-Level Atom
Creators: name: Hsieh, Ming-Hsiu
name: Krotz, Alex
name: Tempelaar, Roel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A much-needed solution for the efficient modeling of strong coupling between matter and optical cavity modes is offered by mean-field mixed quantum--classical dynamics, where a classical cavity field interacts self-consistently with quantum states of matter through Ehrenfest's theorem. We previously introduced a modified mean-field approach, referred to as decoupled mean-field (DC-MF) dynamics, wherein vacuum fluctuations of the cavity field are decoupled from the quantum-mechanical ground state as a means to resolve an unphysical drawing of energy from the vacuum fluctuations by a two-level atom. Here, we generalize DC-MF dynamics for an arbitrary number of (nondegenerate) atomic levels, and show that it resolves an unphysical lack of emission from a three-level atom predicted by conventional mean-field dynamics. We furthermore show DC-MF to provide an improved description of reabsorption and (resonant) two-photon emission processes.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Trading activity on social trading platforms – a behavioral approach
Creators: name: Dorfleitner, Gregor
name: Scheckenbach, Isabel
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social trading platforms, overconfidence, social interaction, individual trading behavior, behavioral finance
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: G14 -G20 - G41

description: Social trading platforms are considered to be amongst the major innovations in online trading. The purpose of this article is to analyze the trading activity of traders on social trading networks by taking a behavioral approach. We investigate the factors that influence the irrational part of trading activity derived from the key characteristics of these platforms, i.e. those dealing with social interaction. Our investigation utilizes an extensive set of trading data from two major platforms in Germany to study the trading behavior. We apply a fixed effects two-stage least squares approach to quantify the relationship between trading ctivity and performance and define overconfidence as the part of trading activity that is irrationally motivated and results in negative returns. Our results provide evidence for the negative relationship between overconfidence and return on social trading platforms. The article finds that the number of followers and some platform-specific features significantly affect the trading behavior of the traders. We contribute to literature by exploring how the novel social interaction characteristics of online trading impact trading activity by giving rise to a new dimension of overconfidence. In addition, we evidence that the different frameworks of the platforms motivate heterogenous behavioral responses by the signalers. Finally, we refine existing studies by applying a distinct methodology for modeling overconfidence.
A Safe Harbor from Spoliation Sanctions
Creators: name: Gross, Alexander Nourse
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2015

description: Discovery plays a crucial role in modern litigation, but imposes many costs both apparent and hidden. On its face, discovery requires corporate litigants to spend money on the retention, review, and production of relevant evidence. However, the rules governing discovery—especially those governing sanctions for spoliation of evidence—also create externalities that are borne by the parties and society alike. Specifically, the threat of sanction for failure to preserve relevant information causes potential litigants to engage in costly over-preservation of electronically stored information (“ESI”). This problem is further amplified by a circuit split regarding whether severe sanctions can be imposed for merely negligent spoliation, which creates additional incentives to over-preserve. In response, the Judicial Conference proposed a rewritten version of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(e), which creates a safe harbor from severe sanctions for parties that take reasonable steps to preserve relevant ESI. However, as this Note argues, the proposed Rule will not be successful in creating a uniform national standard governing when judges may issue severe sanctions because (1) it does not limit judges’ inherent power to sanction parties notwithstanding the Federal Rules and (2) it contains a loophole that could be used to issue a type of severe sanctions, adverse inference jury instructions, where the spoliating party was only negligent. This Note suggests two alterations to the Committee Note that accompanies the proposed Rule 37(e) in order to effectively limit judges’ inherent power and reserve adverse inference instructions for parties that recklessly or intentionally destroy relevant ESI. These changes are likely to establish a truly uniform standard for spoliation sanctions in federal courts and could cause states to adopt similar rules, which would go even further towards creating true national uniformity and remedying the problem of over-preservation.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 2
Death and Live Feeds
Creators: name: Lee, Jeehyeon (Jenny)
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2015

description: In 2014, the Uniform Law Commission approved the Uniform Fiduciary Access to Digital Assets Act (the “UFADAA”) for enactment by states. The act gives fiduciaries broad access to digital assets, such as email and social media accounts, left behind by a decedent. Several states have already adopted laws regarding access to certain digital assets, but the UFADAA is distinctive in its asset-neutral approach, which treats digital assets like physical assets for the purposes of estate administration. This Note argues that an asset-neutral approach to digital assets is fundamentally flawed, particularly with respect to social networking and social media content. Digital assets offer a level of comprehensiveness with regards to personal information that is unavailable from physical assets, both in nature and volume. Crucially, digital assets are also often linked to live, real-time feeds from other users’ accounts, and thus provide access to others’ digital assets. The Note proposes changes to the UFADAA and the version of the act adopted by Delaware that recognize these differences between digital and physical assets. In order to protect the privacy of all users, both living and dead, the Note argues that fiduciary access should be limited to only the particular decedent’s digital assets. Internet service providers should accordingly be required to restrict a fiduciary’s access in this way and to exclude the digital assets of other living users who are still connected to the decedent’s accounts and assets.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 2
Exact Solution for Bulk-Edge Coupling in the Non-Abelian $ν=5/2$ Quantum Hall Interferometer
Creators: name: Rosenow, Bernd
name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
name: Simon, Steven H.
name: Stern, Ady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been predicted that the phase sensitive part of the current through a non-abelian $ν= 5/2$ quantum Hall Fabry-Perot interferometer will depend on the number of localized charged $e/4$ quasiparticles (QPs) inside the interferometer cell. In the limit where all QPs are far from the edge, the leading contribution to the interference current is predicted to be absent if the number of enclosed QPs is odd and present otherwise, as a consequence of the non-abelian QP statistics. The situation is more complicated, however, if a localized QP is close enough to the boundary so that it can exchange a Majorana fermion with the edge via a tunneling process. Here, we derive an exact solution for the dependence of the interference current on the coupling strength for this tunneling process, and confirm a previous prediction that for sufficiently strong coupling, the localized QP is effectively incorporated in the edge and no longer affects the interference pattern. We confirm that the dimensionless coupling strength can be tuned by the source-drain voltage, and we find that not only does the magnitude of the even-odd effect change with the strength of bulk-edge coupling, but in addition, there is a universal shift in the interference phase as a function of coupling strength. Some implications for experiments are discussed at the end.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Energy dissipation in graphene field-effect transistors
Creators: name: Freitag, Marcus
name: Steiner, Mathias
name: Martin, Yves
name: Perebeinos, Vasili
name: Chen, Zhihong
name: Tsang, James C.
name: Avouris, Phaedon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the temperature distribution in a biased single-layer graphene transistor using Raman scattering microscopy of the 2D-phonon band. Peak operating temperatures of 1050 K are reached in the middle of the graphene sheet at 210 KW cm^(-2) of dissipated electric power. The metallic contacts act as heat sinks, but not in a dominant fashion. To explain the observed temperature profile and heating rate, we have to include heat-flow from the graphene to the gate oxide underneath, especially at elevated temperatures, where the graphene thermal conductivity is lowered due to umklapp scattering. Velocity saturation due to phonons with about 50 meV energy is inferred from the measured charge density via shifts in the Raman G-phonon band, suggesting that remote scattering (through field coupling) by substrate polar surface phonons increases the energy transfer to the substrate and at the same time limits the high-bias electronic conduction of graphene.
description: The pdf-file contains the main manuscript (19 pages, 3 figures) and the supplement (5 pages, 4 figures)
title: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, Bd. 91 2010: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
title: Bd. 91 2010: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bericht Der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
Publisher: name: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
Year: 2022

description: Hinweise für Publikationen der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission...487-493 Aus Punkten werden Flächen: Vorschlag einer Methodik zur Abgrenzung von Gebieten mit hoher Fundpunktdichte...197-215 Die Vertreibung aus dem Paradies?...23-196 Inhaltsverzeichnis Titelei
Probing the connection between entangled particles and wormholes in general relativity
Creators: name: Kain, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Maldacena and Susskind conjectured that two entangled particles, which can be thought of as forming an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair, are connected by a nontraversable wormhole or Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge. They named their conjecture ER = EPR. We present a concrete quantitative model for ER = EPR, in which two spin-1/2 particles in a singlet state are connected by a nontraversable wormhole in asymptotically flat general relativity. In our model, the fermions are described by the charged Dirac equation minimally coupled to gravity. This system has static wormhole solutions. We use these solutions as initial data and numerically evolve them forward in time. Our simulations show that black holes form, which are connected by the wormhole and which render the wormhole nontraversable. We also find that the wormhole throat shrinks, which places the particles in close proximity to one another and suggests an explanation for how the wormhole facilitates the nonlocal communication required by entanglement.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Preparing Financial Regulation for the Second Machine Age
Creators: name: Scopino, Gergory
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2015

description: Humanity is entering the Second Machine Age, in which artificially intelligent computers and software programs (artificial agents) will become involved in almost every aspect of society. Computers and software programs now drive and park cars, fly drones, compose music, sell insurance, manage investments, and even write news stories. Indeed, computers and software programs are far better––and quicker––than humans at jobs that involve looking at numbers and drawing conclusions from them, which would include jobs such as investment advisors and futures traders. The rise of automated trading systems (“ATSs”) that use high-frequency trading strategies in the futures markets is but one example of how technology is fundamentally changing the nature of the financial markets. As a result, humans who are operating as futures market intermediaries (such as commodity trading advisors or introducing brokers) are likely to be displaced by digital intermediaries, that is, artificial agents that perform critical roles related to enabling customers to access the futures and derivatives markets. The Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) governs the U.S. derivatives markets and requires specified categories of intermediaries––such as commodity trading advisors (persons who are compensated to give advice about derivatives)––to register with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Compulsory registration has been called “the kingpin” of the CEA’s “statutory machinery” because it serves to identify the persons acting as market professionals, and provides a mechanism for such persons to undergo background screenings for fitness to work in the industry, as well as proficiency testing and ethics training. Because technological advances are enabling artificial agents to perform many of the intermediary roles that previously were done by humans, Congress and the CFTC should modify the CEA and CFTC Regulations (1) to expand the scope of persons who must register to include, inter alia, persons who use ATSs and who have trading privileges on, or direct electronic access to, derivatives exchanges (or trading venues), and (2) to implement an identification program for ATSs and algorithms. Lastly, Congress and the CFTC should consider proposals in research by academics in philosophy and law concerning (1) ways to ensure that digital intermediaries are built not just to be intelligent but also to be ethical, and (2) methods for allocating liability for wrongdoing by digital intermediaries.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2015 No. 2
MetaMorphosis: Task-oriented Privacy Cognizant Feature Generation for Multi-task Learning
Creators: name: Arefeen, Md Adnan
name: Li, Zhouyu
name: Uddin, Md Yusuf Sarwar
name: Das, Anupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the growth of computer vision applications, deep learning, and edge computing contribute to ensuring practical collaborative intelligence (CI) by distributing the workload among edge devices and the cloud. However, running separate single-task models on edge devices is inefficient regarding the required computational resource and time. In this context, multi-task learning allows leveraging a single deep learning model for performing multiple tasks, such as semantic segmentation and depth estimation on incoming video frames. This single processing pipeline generates common deep features that are shared among multi-task modules. However, in a collaborative intelligence scenario, generating common deep features has two major issues. First, the deep features may inadvertently contain input information exposed to the downstream modules (violating input privacy). Second, the generated universal features expose a piece of collective information than what is intended for a certain task, in which features for one task can be utilized to perform another task (violating task privacy). This paper proposes a novel deep learning-based privacy-cognizant feature generation process called MetaMorphosis that limits inference capability to specific tasks at hand. To achieve this, we propose a channel squeeze-excitation based feature metamorphosis module, Cross-SEC, to achieve distinct attention of all tasks and a de-correlation loss function with differential-privacy to train a deep learning model that produces distinct privacy-aware features as an output for the respective tasks. With extensive experimentation on four datasets consisting of diverse images related to scene understanding and facial attributes, we show that MetaMorphosis outperforms recent adversarial learning and universal feature generation methods by guaranteeing privacy requirements in an efficient way for image and video analytics.
description: Preprint version, 22 pages. Keywords: Multi-task learning, neural networks, collaborative intelligence, differential privacy, task privacy
title: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, Bd. 85 2004: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
title: Bd. 85 2004: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bericht Der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
Publisher: name: Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission
Year: 2022

description: Hinweise für Publikationen der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission...483-485 Bericht über die Tätigkeit der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission in der Zeit vom 1. Januar bis 31. Dezember 2004...453-481 Landwirtschaft im Umbruch? ...97-292 Zum Geleit...5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Titelei
Tropidonotus (Eutainia) sirtalis var. parietalis ?
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ophidia
Romaleidae
Tropidonotus
Tropidonotus sirtalis
Tropidonotus (eutainia.) sirtalis (var. parietalis?)

description: Tropidonotus (Eutainia.) sirtalis (var. parietalis?).
Dacotah v. H. Miescher. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 682, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591