Salomona manobo Grumo & Gono & Nuñeza & Tan 2025, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Grumo, Kim C.
name: Gono, Alfredo Iii A.
name: Nuñeza, Olga Macas
name: Tan, Ming Kai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Tettigoniidae
Salomona
Salomona manobo

description: Salomona manobo Grumo & Tan, sp. nov.
(Figs 5–10)
Material examined. • ♂ Holotype; PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Surigao del Sur, Lanuza, Barangay Agsam; N9.1015 E126.325, 370 m.a.s.l.; 3 September 2024, 21h04; coll. K. Grumo; Sitio Himatagan 12 (PNM).
Diagnosis. The new species is characterised by the tenth abdominal tergite with its posterior margin very broadly and roundly emarginated and having lateral lobes at the lateral ends; the lateral lobe triangular with its apex rounded; the epiproct in posterior view tongue-shaped, in dorsal view rectangular with the posterior margin emarginated and forming two lateral rounded lobes; the cercus mostly cylindrical, at the apical third along its inner margin with a finger-like internal process having bulbous, rounded apex, at the apex curved slightly inwards, bluntly triangular; its subgenital plate with the posterior margin deeply and roundly excised and having stout styli; the titillators with its apical extensions, in lateral view, expand apically and somewhat reniform and the dorsal margin with numerous spines of different sizes and irregularly spaced apart.
Among Philippines congenerics, the new species resembles Salomona conspersa Stål, 1877 and S. lumadae most by the relatively uniform colouration of the head and pronotum; and is also similar to S. conspersa by the tegmina having numerous small black spots. It differs from both species by the shape of the male cercus; and differs from S. lumadae by its larger habitus and the lateral field of the tegmen without its cells dark coloured.
The new species differs from other Philippines congenerics Salomona brevicollis Stål, 1877, Salomona maculifrons Stål, 1877, Salomona tetra Walker, 1869 and Salomona vittifrons Walker, 1869 by the head (including frons) and pronotum unicolourous pale brown (without dark patterns or bands). It also differs from S. maculifrons by the tenth abdominal tergite with the lateral lobes triangular and widely spaced apart (instead of more obtuse and closely separated by) and the cercus by the presence of finger-like process at the apical third but the absence of basal internal process.
From New Guinean congenerics, the new species resembles Salomona lanigera Ingrisch, 2020 by the male tenth abdominal tergite with its posterior margin broadly emarginated and the cercus having a finger-like internal process along its inner margin; but differs by the tenth abdominal tergite having more triangular apical lateral lobes (instead of oval) and the cercus simpler without having minute spinules or other projections.
The male cercus of the new species is somewhat similar to Salomona liturata Redtenbacher, 1891 from New Caledonia, but differs by the subapical process distinctly smaller and not triangular.
Etymology. The species is named after the Manobo indigenous tribe from Mindanao, specifically in Lanuza in Surigao del Sur where the new species was found. The local guides (Florencio J. Molino Jr., Jocelyn T. Salazar and Elvin L. Parpan) who assisted in the field collection are also members of the Manobo tribe.
Description. Male habitus as shown in Figs 5, 6A, 6B. Fastigium verticis in dorsal view elongated conical, apex subacute, about as long as scapus, with ocellus in middle (Fig. 6C). Vertex subrugose (Fig. 6C). Frons with large impressed dots, genae rugose (Fig. 6D). Pronotum subrugose with small impressed dots and wrinkles, disc broadly rounded into paranota, apical area subflat and shouldered (Fig. 6E); anterior margin straight; posterior margin broadly rounded (Fig. 6C). Acoustic spiracle completely covered by paranota (Fig. 6E). Tegmen macropterous, slightly surpassing abdominal apex and just as long as hind wing, apex obliquely rounded (Figs 5, 6A, 6B). Prosternum with two stout spines with obtuse apices (Fig. 6F). Mesosternal and metasternal lobes conical with blunt apices (Fig. 6F). Femora with the following number of robust spines on ventral margins: anterior femur 9 external, 7 internal of increasing size distally; middle femur 6 external of increasing size distally, 3 internal at base; posterior femur 9 external of increasing size distally, 0 internal. Knee lobes of anterior and middle femora obtuse externally and long spinose internally; of posterior femur spinose on both sides. Tibiae with the following number of spines on ventral margins: anterior tibia 5 external, 4 internal; middle tibia 7 external, 3 internal.
Male. Mirror on left tegmen pentagonal, 1A mostly straight (Fig. 7A). Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen straight; about 2.9 mm long; with teeth increasingly wider and more widely spaced towards middle (compared to basal end); with circa 75 teeth (Fig. 7B). Mirror on right tegmen more roundish (Fig. 7C). Tenth abdominal tergite with its posterior margin very broadly and roundly emarginated and having lateral lobes at lateral ends; lateral lobe triangular with apex rounded (Figs 7D, 7E). Epiproct in posterior view tongue-shaped and at basal half slightly depressed at middle (Fig. 7D); in dorsal view rectangular with posterior margin emarginated and forming two lateral rounded lobes (Fig. 7E). Cercus mostly cylindrical and slightly curved internally; at apical third along inner margin with finger-like internal process; internal process small, bulbous, rounded apex; apex of cercus curved slightly inwards, bluntly triangular (Figs 7D–H). Subgenital plate about as long as wide, lateral margins slightly converging towards apex; with posterior margin deeply and roundly excised and having stout styli (Fig. 7H). Titillators separate (Fig. 8); bases curved slightly laterad, otherwise simply long-lamellar; apical extensions, in lateral view, expand apically and somewhat reniform; dorsal margin with numerous spines of different sizes and irregularly spaced apart.
Female. Unknown.
Colouration. Pale brown when alive (Fig. 5), yellow brown when preserved (Fig. 6). Dorsum of head mostly yellow brown with fastigium verticis pale brown (Fig. 6C). Face brown, slightly red brown towards fastigium verticis; scapus and pedicel brown, antennae yellow brown with dark brown rings; maxillary palpus, clypeus and labrum pale brown, mandible black (Figs 6D, 6E). Pronotum brown (Figs 6C, 6E). Tegmen generally with veins yellow brown and cells transparent pale brown; with dark brown spots of different sizes and shapes throughout (Fig. 6A). Femora and tibiae yellow brown, with ventral spines black (Figs 6A, 6B). Abdominal tergites pale brown; sternites very pale brown (Figs 6A, 6B, 6F). Abdominal apex pale brown (Figs 7D–F).
Measurements (in mm). See Table 1.
Distribution (and type locality). PHILIPPINES: Mindanao: Surigao del Sur (Fig. 10).
Calling song (1 male, 20 echemes) (Fig. 9). The calling song is an isolated echeme made up of two isolated syllables. The echeme duration is 96.3±2.2 ms (90.1–100.1 ms). The first and second syllable durations are 21.7±1.6 ms (19.3–24.3 ms) and 21.6±2.2 ms (17.4–27.1 ms), respectively. The interval between the two syllables is 53.0±2.2 ms (47.9–55.9 ms). The average syllable period of the first syllable is 74.7±1.4 ms (71.7–76.6 ms). The call spectrum is broad-band and asymmetrical and has a peak frequency of 11.6±0.7 kHz (10.2–12.8 kHz).
description: Published as part of Grumo, Kim C., Gono, Alfredo Iii A., Nuñeza, Olga Macas & Tan, Ming Kai, 2025, New species and notes of Agraeciini (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) from Surigao del Sur, Mindanao, pp. 165-180 in Zootaxa 5627 (1) on pages 173-179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/15325790