cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum speed limit from a quantum-state-diffusion method
Creators: name: Wu, Wei
name: An, Jun-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the most efficient evolution, the quantum speed limit (QSL) plays a significant role in quantum technology. How to generalize the well-established QSL from closed systems to open systems has attracted much attention. In contrast to the previous schemes to derive the QSL from the reduced dynamics of open system, we propose a QSL bound from the point of view of the total system consisting of the open system and its environment using a quantum-state-diffusion method. The application of our scheme to a two-level system reveals that the system possesses an infinite speedup capacity in the noiseless case, which is destroyed by the environment under the Born-Markovian approximation. It is interesting to find that the capacity in the noiseless case is recovered in the non-Markovian dynamics as long as a bound state is formed in the energy spectrum of the total system. Enriching the characterization schemes of the QSL, our result provides an efficient way to control the QSL of open systems.
A finite-difference ghost-point multigrid method for multi-scale modelling of sorption kinetics of a surfactant past an oscillating bubble
Creators: name: Astuto, Clarissa
name: Coco, Armando
name: Russo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 65M55, 76D07, 76M20, 76R50

description: We propose a method for the numerical solution of a multiscale model describing sorption kinetics of a surfactant around an oscillating bubble. The evolution of the particles is governed by a convection-diffusion equation for the surfactant concentration $c$, with suitable boundary condition on the bubble surface, which models the action of the short range attractive-repulsive potential acting on them when they get sufficiently close to the surface \cite{multiscale_mod}. In the domain occupied by the fluid, the particles are transported by the fluid motion generated by the bubble oscillations. The method adopted to solve the equation for $c$ is based on a finite-difference scheme on a uniform Cartesian grid and implemented in 2D and 3D axisymmetric domains. We use a level-set function to define the region occupied by the bubble, while the boundary conditions are discretized by a ghost-point technique to guarantee second order accuracy at the curved boundary. The sparse linear system is finally solved with a geometric multigrid technique designed \textit{ad-hoc\/} for this specific problem. Several accuracy tests are provided to prove second order accuracy in space and time. The fluid dynamics generated by the oscillating bubble is governed by the Stokes equation solved with a second order accurate method based on a monolithic approach, where the momentum and continuity equations are solved simultaneously. Since the amplitude of the bubble oscillations are very small, a simplified model is presented where the computational bubble is actually steady and its oscillations are represented purely with time-dependent boundary conditions. A numerical comparison with the moving domain model confirms that this simplification is perfectly reasonable for the class of problems investigated in this paper.
DORA: Exploring Outlier Representations in Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Bykov, Kirill
name: Deb, Mayukh
name: Grinwald, Dennis
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Höhne, Marina M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) excel at learning complex abstractions within their internal representations. However, the concepts they learn remain opaque, a problem that becomes particularly acute when models unintentionally learn spurious correlations. In this work, we present DORA (Data-agnOstic Representation Analysis), the first data-agnostic framework for analyzing the representational space of DNNs. Central to our framework is the proposed Extreme-Activation (EA) distance measure, which assesses similarities between representations by analyzing their activation patterns on data points that cause the highest level of activation. As spurious correlations often manifest in features of data that are anomalous to the desired task, such as watermarks or artifacts, we demonstrate that internal representations capable of detecting such artifactual concepts can be found by analyzing relationships within neural representations. We validate the EA metric quantitatively, demonstrating its effectiveness both in controlled scenarios and real-world applications. Finally, we provide practical examples from popular Computer Vision models to illustrate that representations identified as outliers using the EA metric often correspond to undesired and spurious concepts.
description: 24 pages, 18 figures
J. M. Renggli-Arbenz an Joseph Wolfgang von Deschwanden (1819-1866)
Creators: name: J. M. Renggli-Arbenz
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1864

description: Brief aus Aussersihl (Zürich), betr. einer zum Verkauf stehenden Liegenschaft "im Gartenhof Aussersihl"
Indecision Trees: Learning Argument-Based Reasoning under Quantified Uncertainty
Creators: name: Kent, Jonathan S.
name: Menager, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; I.2.6
subject: 62P30, 68T27

description: Using Machine Learning systems in the real world can often be problematic, with inexplicable black-box models, the assumed certainty of imperfect measurements, or providing a single classification instead of a probability distribution. This paper introduces Indecision Trees, a modification to Decision Trees which learn under uncertainty, can perform inference under uncertainty, provide a robust distribution over the possible labels, and can be disassembled into a set of logical arguments for use in other reasoning systems.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Time-independent wormholes
Creators: name: Fu, Zicao
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Mefford, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study two-sided static wormholes with an exact Killing symmetry that translates both mouths of the wormhole toward the future. This differs from the familiar Kruskal wormhole whose time translation is future-directed only in one asymptotic region and is instead past-directed in the other. Our spacetimes are solutions to Einstein-Hilbert gravity sourced by scalar domain walls. Explicit examples are found in the thin wall approximation. More generally, we show that such spacetimes can arise in the presence of scalar fields with potentials that are $C^1$ but not $C^2$ and find examples numerically. However, solutions with an exact such Killing symmetry are forbidden when the scalar potential is smooth. Finally, we consider the mutual information of boundary regions associated with such wormholes in AdS/CFT. Although the interior of our solutions are unstable, we find that even mutual informations between opposite boundaries are already thermalized at any finite $t$ in the sense that they agree with the $t\rightarrow \infty$ limit of results from the familiar AdS-Kruskal solution.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
Android Malware Detection: an Eigenspace Analysis Approach
Creators: name: Yerima, Suleiman Y.
name: Sezer, Sakir
name: Muttik, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The battle to mitigate Android malware has become more critical with the emergence of new strains incorporating increasingly sophisticated evasion techniques, in turn necessitating more advanced detection capabilities. Hence, in this paper we propose and evaluate a machine learning based approach based on eigenspace analysis for Android malware detection using features derived from static analysis characterization of Android applications. Empirical evaluation with a dataset of real malware and benign samples show that detection rate of over 96% with a very low false positive rate is achievable using the proposed method.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, conference
Optimal Measurement Structures for Contextuality Applications
Creators: name: Liu, Yuan
name: Ramanathan, Ravishankar
name: Horodecki, Karol
name: Rosicka, Monika
name: Horodecki, Paweł
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem is a corner-stone result in the foundations of quantum mechanics describing the fundamental difference between quantum theory and classical non-contextual theories. Recently specific substructures termed $01$-gadgets were shown to exist within KS proofs that capture the essential contradiction of the theorem. Here, we show these gadgets and their generalizations provide an optimal toolbox for contextuality applications including (i) constructing classical channels exhibiting entanglement-assisted advantage in zero-error communication, (ii) identifying large separations between quantum theory and binary generalised probabilistic theories, and (iii) finding optimal tests for contextuality-based semi-device-independent randomness generation. Furthermore, we introduce and study a generalisation to definite prediction sets for more general logical propositions, that we term higher-order gadgets. We pinpoint the role these higher-order gadgets play in KS proofs by identifying these as induced subgraphs within KS graphs and showing how to construct proofs of state-independent contextuality using higher-order gadgets as building blocks. The constructions developed here may help in solving some of the remaining open problems regarding minimal proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem.
description: Accepted in npj Quantum Information. 23 pages, 5 figures
Variable Chaplygin Gas: Constraints from Supernovae, GRB and Gravitational Wave Merger Events
Creators: name: Chraya, Ashley
name: Muralichandran, Yuvraj
name: Sethi, Geetanjali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmological constraints on the Variable Chaplygin gas model from the latest observational data: SCP Union 2.1 compilation dataset of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), Pantheon sample of SNe Ia, Platinum Sample of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) and GWTC-3 of gravitational wave merger events. Variable Chaplygin gas is a model of interacting dark matter and dark energy, which interpolates from a dust-dominated era to a quintessence-dominated era. The Variable Chaplygin gas model is shown to be compatible with Type Ia Supernovae and gravitational merger data. We have obtained tighter constraints on cosmological parameters $B_s$ and $n$, using the Pantheon sample. By using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method on the Pantheon sample, we obtain $B_s$=0.108 $\pm$ 0.034, n=1.157 $\pm$ 0.513 and $H_0$=70.020 $\pm$ 0.407, for GRBs, we obtain $B_s$=0.20 $\pm$ 0.11, n=1.45 $\pm$ 1.40 and $H_0$=70.41 $\pm$ 0.67} and on GWTC-3, we obtain $B_s$=0.130 $\pm$ 0.076, n=0.897 $\pm$ 1.182 and $H_0$=69.838 $\pm$ 3.007. The combined constraints from the above data sets are $B_s$=0.11 $\pm$ 0.03, n=1.14 $\pm$ 0.36 and $H_0$=70.34 $\pm$ 0.61
description: Accepted for publication by Astrophysics and Space Science. 22 pages, 11 figures and 4 tables
South China Sea Typhoon Hagibis Enhances Xinfengjiang Reservoir Seismicity
Creators: name: Zhang, Peng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 370609
subject: Seismology and seismic exploration
classificationCode: 370699
subject: Geophysics not elsewhere classified

description: The supporting appendix and the data of permanent broadband seismographs (after filtering) in "South China Sea Typhoon Hagibis Enhances Xinfengjiang Reservoir Seismicity" submitted to Earthquake Science.
Spin Filtering through Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Single-Stranded DNA
Creators: name: Alam, Kazi M.
name: Pramanik, Sandipan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High spin polarization materials or spin filters are key components in spintronics, a niche subfield of electronics where carrier spins play a functional role. Carrier transmission through these materials is "spin selective" i.e. these materials are able to discriminate between "up" and "down" spins. Common spin filters include transition metal ferromagnets and their alloys, with typical spin selectivity (or, polarization) ~50% or less. Here we consider carrier transport in an archetypical one-dimensional molecular hybrid in which a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is wrapped around by single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA). By magnetoresistance measurements we show that this system can act as a spin filter with maximum spin polarization approaching ~74% at low temperatures, significantly larger than transition metals under comparable conditions. Inversion asymmetric helicoidal potential of the charged ssDNA backbone induces a Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the SWCNT channel and polarizes carrier spins. Our results are consistent with recent theoretical work that predicted spin dependent conductance in ssDNA-SWCNT hybrid. Ability to generate highly spin polarized carriers using molecular functionalization can lead to magnet-less and contact-less spintronic devices in the future. This can eliminate the conductivity mismatch problem and open new directions for research in organic spintronics.
description: Supplementary information file is available for free from the journal website
State Responses to COVID-19: A Global Snapshot at 1 June 2020
Creators: name: Georgeou, Nichole
name: Hawksley, Charles
Publisher: name: Western Sydney University
Year: 2020

description: The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every state and territory on earth, including those where there are as yet no cases of infection. Some states have recorded mass infection and crippling death rates, while others have witnessed much more moderate effects. In some states early intervention, social distancing and restrictions on movement have led to promising signs that infection may be under control, while in other states governments reacted differently and have experienced horrendous social and economic damage. The first part of this collection presents short case studies (snapshots) that detail the situation in a particular state or territory up until 31 May. Cases are drawn from Oceania, Southeast Asia, North Asia, South Asia, the Americas, the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Each state represented in this collection discusses the specific ways in which governmental authorities have attempted to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, including the steps they have taken to slow the spread of infection, and to mitigate the effects of government imposed restrictions on movement and work on their economies. The second part of the collection examines the effects of COVID-19 related policy changes in states for specific vulnerable groups, including domestic violence survivors, undocumented migrant workers, refugees, health care workers, and those trafficked into slavery. This edited collection represents the work of over 50 academic and professional contributors across the world, linked through their research connections to the Humanitarian and Development Research Initiative at University of Western Sydney.
BONNSAI: correlated stellar observables in Bayesian methods
Creators: name: Schneider, F. R. N.
name: Castro, N.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Langer, N.
name: de Koter, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an era of large spectroscopic surveys of stars and big data, sophisticated statistical methods become more and more important in order to infer fundamental stellar parameters such as mass and age. Bayesian techniques are powerful methods because they can match all available observables simultaneously to stellar models while taking prior knowledge properly into account. However, in most cases it is assumed that observables are uncorrelated which is generally not the case. Here, we include correlations in the Bayesian code BONNSAI by incorporating the covariance matrix in the likelihood function. We derive a parametrisation of the covariance matrix that, in addition to classical uncertainties, only requires the specification of a correlation parameter that describes how observables co-vary. Our correlation parameter depends purely on the method with which observables have been determined and can be analytically derived in some cases. This approach therefore has the advantage that correlations can be accounted for even if information for them are not available in specific cases but are known in general. Because the new likelihood model is a better approximation of the data, the reliability and robustness of the inferred parameters are improved. We find that neglecting correlations biases the most likely values of inferred stellar parameters and affects the precision with which these parameters can be determined. For example, we apply our technique to massive OB stars, but emphasise that it is valid for any type of stars. For effective temperatures and surface gravities determined from atmosphere modelling, we find that masses can be underestimated on average by $0.5σ$ and mass uncertainties overestimated by a factor of about 2 when neglecting correlations. At the same time, the age precisions are underestimated over a wide range of stellar parameters. [abridged]
description: 15 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in A&A
Analysis of viscoelastic layer damping treatments applied to base plates
Creators: name: Pearson, Henry John Reginald.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Reinforcement Learning of CPG-regulated Locomotion Controller for a Soft Snake Robot
Creators: name: Liu, Xuan
name: Onal, Cagdas
name: Fu, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Intelligent control of soft robots is challenging due to the nonlinear and difficult-to-model dynamics. One promising model-free approach for soft robot control is reinforcement learning (RL). However, model-free RL methods tend to be computationally expensive and data-inefficient and may not yield natural and smooth locomotion patterns for soft robots. In this work, we develop a bio-inspired design of a learning-based goal-tracking controller for a soft snake robot. The controller is composed of two modules: An RL module for learning goal-tracking behaviors given the unmodeled and stochastic dynamics of the robot, and a central pattern generator (CPG) with the Matsuoka oscillators for generating stable and diverse locomotion patterns. We theoretically investigate the maneuverability of Matsuoka CPG's oscillation bias, frequency, and amplitude for steering control, velocity control, and sim-to-real adaptation of the soft snake robot. Based on this analysis, we proposed a composition of RL and CPG modules such that the RL module regulates the tonic inputs to the CPG system given state feedback from the robot, and the output of the CPG module is then transformed into pressure inputs to pneumatic actuators of the soft snake robot. This design allows the RL agent to naturally learn to entrain the desired locomotion patterns determined by the CPG maneuverability. We validated the optimality and robustness of the control design in both simulation and real experiments, and performed extensive comparisons with state-of-art RL methods to demonstrate the benefit of our bio-inspired control design.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, in IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Latest results on $Υ$ production in heavy-ion collisions from the STAR experiment
Creators: name: Vertesi, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the latest measurements of the production of $Υ$ mesons in heavy-ion collisions from the STAR experiment at RHIC. New measurements of the nuclear modification factors of the $Υ$(1S+2S+3S) and $Υ$(1S) states in U+U collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 193 GeV are presented as a function of the number of participants ($N_{part}$) in the collisions. In addition, the suppression of $Υ$(1S) and $Υ$(2S+2S) is presented versus the quark-antiquark binding energy. Preliminary results on Upsilon suppression in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV, reconstructed via the dimuon channel, are also reported.
description: Accepted in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). Will appear in the proceedings of Hot Quarks 2016 conference
Supplement for The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Association Between Thyroid Function and Depression: A Population-Based Study
Creators: name: Roa Dueñas, Oscar H.
name: Hofman, Amy
name: Luik, Annemarie I.
name: Medici, Marco
name: Peeters, Robin P.
name: Chaker, Layal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Supplement for The Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Association Between Thyroid Function and Depression: A Population-Based Study
A Generic Quality-Focused Data Management Process that distinguishes between semi-structured Research Data, Data Models and Data Transformations
Creators: name: Matoni, Markus
name: Kesper, Arno
name: Wenz, Viola
name: Taentzer, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: data management
data management process
quality management
quality management process
data quality
data model quality
data transformation quality

description: Research data, associated data models and data transformations are often subject to continuous change and high-quality expectations. Hence, ensuring quality is a particular challenge in research and quality assurance is key. Data management processes are known and increasingly used in practice, but, like the ISO Standard 9001 and the GFBio Life Cycle [RFII 2019], they handle Quality Assessment as independent tasks and activities. As a result, data quality is not continuously ensured in data management processes since data quality is not the focus. Furthermore, data quality is closely related to data model quality and data transformation quality, and data quality management processes implicitly address data models and transformations at best. This can indirectly reduce data quality, as poor quality of data transformations and models directly impacts data quality. Therefore, this document defines a quality-focused data management process (QDMP) that distinguishes between semi-structured research data, data models, and data transformations. A meta model fully structures and complements the process with activities, tasks, techniques, artifacts, capabilities, and roles. These key concepts indicate the interrelationships and dependencies of activities and, thus, between data, data models, and data transformations. The process results from a three-year research called KONDA, focusing on the quality of research data.
Knowledge and Attitude toward Hemoglobinopathies in Premarital Screening Program among the General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Almasmoum, Hibah A.
name: Tabassum, Aisha
name: Iqbal, Mohammad Shahid
name: Abo-Alshamat, Refal
name: Aqeeli, Waad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The National Premarital Screening Program, which includes sickle cell disease and thalassemia, was made mandatory in 2004 by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), and the earlier studies have shown a poor knowledge and negative attitude toward this program in the different study groups. This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward premarital screening (PMS) in a randomly selected national sample of the Saudi population, 18 years and above. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Saudi population in the western region between July and December 2021. Valid and reliable questionnaire and data were collected from 893 participants aged ≥18 years. The χ2 test was used to ascertain if there is an association between categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors predicting satisfactory knowledge. All 893 study participants had heard about PMS with 625 (70.0%), 244 (27.3%) and 24 (2.7%) having satisfactory, fair and poor knowledge, respectively. Participants aged 26–35 years (p =0 .038), females (p < 0.001), those with higher education (p = 0.003) and employed (p = 0.004), had a better knowledge compared to other groups. Most of the participants had a positive attitude toward PMS. There is a changing trend in the knowledge and attitude toward PMS with a greater number of people wanting to go for PMS. There is also an improvement in the number of participants opting out of marriage in case of incompatibility with their future partner. However, the health education programs need to be improved regarding the hemoglobinopathies.
Motion layout exp 1b
Creators: name: Strickland, Brent
name: Dawei Bai
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: In this study we investigate the effect of congruency between the reading direction (i.e., from top to bottom) and the direction of depicted motion (either downwards or upwards) in the context of the reading of comic-book-style strips. We measure reaction times and accuracy of motion direction. We expect that the incongruency between the reading direction and the direction of depicted motion would lead to longer reaction times and worse accuracy than when they are congruent. This is Experiment 1b, which is the vertical version of Experiment 1a (horizontal).
More Data Can Lead Us Astray: Active Data Acquisition in the Presence of Label Bias
Creators: name: Li, Yunyi
name: De-Arteaga, Maria
name: Saar-Tsechansky, Maytal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An increased awareness concerning risks of algorithmic bias has driven a surge of efforts around bias mitigation strategies. A vast majority of the proposed approaches fall under one of two categories: (1) imposing algorithmic fairness constraints on predictive models, and (2) collecting additional training samples. Most recently and at the intersection of these two categories, methods that propose active learning under fairness constraints have been developed. However, proposed bias mitigation strategies typically overlook the bias presented in the observed labels. In this work, we study fairness considerations of active data collection strategies in the presence of label bias. We first present an overview of different types of label bias in the context of supervised learning systems. We then empirically show that, when overlooking label bias, collecting more data can aggravate bias, and imposing fairness constraints that rely on the observed labels in the data collection process may not address the problem. Our results illustrate the unintended consequences of deploying a model that attempts to mitigate a single type of bias while neglecting others, emphasizing the importance of explicitly differentiating between the types of bias that fairness-aware algorithms aim to address, and highlighting the risks of neglecting label bias during data collection.
Sickle Cell Disease and Quality of Life: An Evaluation of Reporting of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Randomized Controlled Trials
Creators: name: Renner, Abbey
name: Love, Mitchell
name: Garrett, Elizabeth
name: Douglas, Alexander
name: Kee, Micah
name: Heigle, Benjamin
name: Wise, Audrey
name: Ottwell, Ryan
name: Hartwell, Micah
name: Vassar, Matt
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Sickle cell disease significantly impacts one’s quality of life (QOL); thus, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have integrated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to assess patients’ health from their perspective. We aim to evaluate the completeness of reporting of PROs included in sickle cell disease RCTs. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for published sickle cell disease RCTs with at least one PRO measure from 2006 to 2021. In a masked, duplicate fashion, two investigators evaluated RCTs using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting in Trials (CONSORT)-PRO adaptation and Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool. The primary objective was mean percent completeness of the CONSORT-PRO adaptation. Additional relationships between trial characteristics and completeness of reporting were evaluated. Mean completeness of reporting of RCTs was 41.49% (SD = 20.90). Randomized controlled trials with primary outcomes were more complete (57.50%, SD = 8.33) than RCTs with secondary PROs (33.48%, SD = 20.91). We did not find a significant difference in completion between trials with primary PROs and secondary PROs (t1 = 2.07; p = 0.06). Our secondary objectives included factors that may be associated with completeness of PRO reporting. Of the 12 included studies, five were considered to be overall ‘high’ RoB (41.67%). In each of the five domains, the majority of studies received ‘low’ RoB evaluations. Incomplete PRO reporting was common within sickle cell RCTs. Therefore, we recommend future RCTs including PROs should take measures to increase completeness of reporting.
The friction effects on the dynamics of offshore cable structures partially resting on the sea floor
Creators: name: Li, Hong Shun.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Inverses of Bipartite Graphs
Creators: name: Yang, Yujun
name: Ye, Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a bipartite graph and its adjacency matrix $\mathbb A$. If $G$ has a unique perfect matching, then $\mathbb A$ has an inverse $\mathbb A^{-1}$ which is a symmetric integral matrix, and hence the adjacency matrix of a multigraph. The inverses of bipartite graphs with unique perfect matchings have a strong connection to Möbius functions of posets. In this note, we characterize all bipartite graphs with a unique perfect matching whose adjacency matrices have inverses diagonally similar to non-negative matrices, which settles an open problem of Godsil on inverses of bipartite graphs in [Godsil, Inverses of Trees, Combinatorica 5 (1985) 33-39].
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
A cosmological distance measure using radio-loud quasars
Creators: name: Huang, L.
name: Chang, Z. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the X-ray luminosity relation of radio-loud quasars (RLQs) to measure these luminosity distances as well as estimate cosmological parameters. We adopt four parametric models of X-ray luminosity to test luminosity correlation for RLQs and radio-intermediate quasars (RIQs) and give these cosmological distances. By Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the data suggest that the luminosity relation ${L_X} \propto L_{UV}^{γ_{uv}}L_{Radio}^{γ_{radio}'}$ for RLQs has better goodness of fit, relative to other models, which can be interpreted as this relation being preferred for RLQs. Meanwhile, we compare the results from flat-spectrum radio-loud quasars (FSRLQs) and steep-spectrum radio-loud quasars (SSRLQs), which indicate that their luminosity correlations are not exactly the same. We also consider dividing the RLQs sample into various redshift bins, which can be used to check if the X-ray luminosity relation depends on the redshift. Finally, we apply a combination of RLQs and SNla Pantheon to verify the nature of dark energy concerning whether or not its density deviates from the constant, and give the statistical results.
Correlated Fractional Dirac Materials
Creators: name: Roy, Bitan
name: Juricic, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fractional Dirac materials (FDMs) feature a fractional energy-momentum relation $E(\vec{k}) \sim |\vec{k}|^α$, where $α\; (<1)$ is a real noninteger number, in contrast to that in conventional Dirac materials with $α=1$. Here we analyze the effects of short- and long-range Coulomb repulsions in two- and three-dimensional FDMs. Only a strong short-range interaction causes nucleation of a correlated insulator that takes place through a quantum critical point. The universality class of the associated quantum phase transition is determined by the correlation length exponent $ν^{-1}=d-α$ and dynamic scaling exponent $z=α$, set by the band curvature. On the other hand, the fractional dispersion is protected against long-range interaction due to its nonanalytic structure. Rather, a linear Dirac dispersion gets generated under coarse graining, and the associated Fermi velocity increases logarithmically in the infrared regime, thereby yielding a two-fluid system. Altogether, correlated FDMs unfold a rich landscape accommodating unconventional emergent many-body phenomena.
description: Published Version in Physical Review Research as a Letter (6 Pages, 3 Figures; Supplemental Material as Ancillary file)
A measure of cosmological distance using the \civ\ Baldwin effect in quasars
Creators: name: Huang, L.
name: Wang, H.
name: Gao, Z. F.
name: Zeng, X. Y.
name: Chang, Z. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the anticorrelation between the equivalent width (EW) of the C\,\textsc{iv} 1549 Å emission line and the continuum luminosity in the quasars rest frame (Baldwin effect) to measure their luminosity distance as well as estimate cosmological parameters. We obtain a sample of 471 Type I quasars with the UV/optical spectra and EW (C\,\textsc{iv}) measurements in the redshift range of $2.3< z< 7.1$ including 25 objects at $5 < z < 7.1$, which can be used to investigate the C\,\textsc{iv} Baldwin effect and determine cosmological luminosity distance. The relation $EW(C\,\textsc{iv}) \propto {(λ{L_λ})^γ}$ can be applied to check the inverse correlation between the C\,\textsc{iv} EW and ${L_λ}$ of quasars and give their distance, and the data suggest that the EW of C\,\textsc{iv} is inversely correlated with continuum monochromatic luminosities. On the other hand, we also consider dividing the Type I quasars sample into various redshift bins, which can be used to check if the C\,\textsc{iv} EW-luminosity relation depends on the redshift. Finally, we apply a combination of Type I quasars and SNIa Pantheon to test the property of dark energy concerning whether or not its density deviates from the constant, and give the statistical results.
Covalent Nitrogen Doping and Compressive Strain in MoS2 by Remote N2 Plasma Exposure
Creators: name: Azcatl, Angelica
name: Qin, Xiaoye
name: Prakash, Abhijith
name: Zhang, Chenxi
name: Cheng, Lanxia
name: Wang, Qingxiao
name: Lu, Ning
name: Kim, Moon J.
name: Kim, Jiyoung
name: Cho, Kyeongjae
name: Addou, Rafik
name: Hinkle, Christopher L.
name: Appenzeller, Joerg
name: Wallace, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Controllable doping of two-dimensional materials is highly desired for ideal device performance in both hetero- and p-n homo-junctions. Herein, we propose an effective strategy for doping of MoS2 with nitrogen through a remote N2 plasma surface treatment. By monitoring the surface chemistry of MoS2 upon N2 plasma exposure using in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we identified the presence of covalently bonded nitrogen in MoS2, where substitution of the chalcogen sulfur by nitrogen is determined as the doping mechanism. Furthermore, the electrical characterization demonstrates that p-type doping of MoS2 is achieved by nitrogen doping, in agreement with theoretical predictions. Notably, we found that the presence of nitrogen can induce compressive strain in the MoS2 structure, which represents the first evidence of strain induced by substitutional doping in a transition metal dichalcogenide material. Finally, our first principle calculations support the experimental demonstration of such strain, and a correlation between nitrogen doping concentration and compressive strain in MoS2 is elucidated.
Quantum graphs: Coulomb-type potentials and exactly solvable models
Creators: name: Golovaty, Yuriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34L40 (Primary) 81Q35 (Secondary)

description: We study the Schrödinger operators on a non-compact star graph with the Coulomb-type potentials having singularities at the vertex. The convergence of regularized Hamiltonians $H_\varepsilon$ with cut-off Coulomb potentials coupled with $(αδ+βδ')$-like ones is investigated.The 1D Coulomb potential and the $δ'$-potential are very sensitive to their regularization method. The conditions of the norm resolvent convergence of $H_\varepsilon$ depending on the regularization are established. The limit Hamiltonians give the Schrödinger operators with the Coulomb-type potentials a mathematically precise meaning, ensuring the correct choice of vertex conditions. We also describe all self-adjoint realizations of the formal Coulomb Hamiltonians on the star graph.
description: Accepted for publication in Annales Henri Poincar\'e, 25 pages, 8 figures
The effects of shoulder sealing on two-lane rural roads of Victoria
Creators: name: Ly-Pang, Phuong Hue.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
20 years of network community detection
Creators: name: Fortunato, Santo
name: Newman, M. E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental technical challenge in the analysis of network data is the automated discovery of communities - groups of nodes that are strongly connected or that share similar features or roles. In this commentary we review progress in the field over the last 20 years.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Published in Nature Physics
Twist-induced Magnetosphere Reconfiguration for Intermittent Pulsars
Creators: name: Huang, Lei
name: Yu, Cong
name: Tong, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the magnetosphere reconfiguration induced by magnetic twists in the closed field line region can account for the mode-switching of intermittent pulsars. We carefully investigate the properties of axisymmetric force-free pulsar magnetospheres with magnetic twists in closed field line region around the polar caps. The magnetosphere with twisted closed lines leads to enhanced spin-down rates. The enhancement in spin-down rate depends on the size of region with twisted closed lines. Typically, it is increased by a factor of $\sim2$, which is consistent with the intermittent pulsars' spin down behavior during the `off' and `on' states. We find there is a threshold of maximal twist angle $Δϕ_{\rm thres}\sim1$. The magnetosphere is stable only if the closed line twist angle is less than $Δϕ_{\rm thres}$. Beyond this value, the magnetosphere becomes unstable and gets untwisted. The spin-down rate would reduce to its off-state value. The quasi-periodicity in spin-down rate change can be explained by long-term activities in star's crust and the untwisting induced by MHD instability. The estimated duration time of on-state is about one week, consistent with observations. Due to the MHD instability, there exists an upper limit for the spin down ratio ($f\sim3$) between the on-state and the off-state, if the Y-point remains at the light cylinder.
description: ApJ accepted; 18 pages, 3 figures
The electronic and thermal response of low electron density Drude materials to ultrafast optical illumination
Creators: name: Sarkar, Subhajit
name: Un, Ieng Wai
name: Sivan, Yonatan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many low electron density Drude (LEDD) materials such as transparent conductive oxide or nitrides have recently attracted interest as alternative plasmonic materials and future nonlinear optical materials. However, the rapidly growing number of experimental studies has so far not been supported by a systematic theory of the electronic, thermal and optical response of these materials. Here, we use the techniques previously derived in the context of noble metals to go beyond a simple electromagnetic modelling of low electron density Drude materials and provide an electron dynamics model for their electronic and thermal response. We find that the low electron density makes momentum conservation in electron-phonon interactions more important, more complex and more sensitive to the temperatures compared with noble metals; moreover, we find that electron-electron interactions are becoming more effective due to the weaker screening. Most importantly, we show that the low electron density makes the electron heat capacity much smaller than in noble metals, such that the electrons in LEDD materials tend to heat up much more and cool down faster compared to noble metals. While here we focus on indium tin oxide (ITO), our analytic results can be easily applied to any LEDD materials.
description: Comments are welcome!
Balloon UV Experiments for Astronomical and Atmospheric Observations
Creators: name: Sreejith, A. G.
name: Mathew, Joice
name: Sarpotdar, Mayuresh
name: Nirmal, K.
name: Ambily, S.
name: Prakash, Ajin
name: Safonova, Margarita
name: Murthy, Jayant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultraviolet (UV) window has been largely unexplored through balloons for astronomy. We discuss here the development of a compact near-UV spectrograph with fiber optics input for balloon ights. It is a modified Czerny-Turner system built using off-the-shelf components. The system is portable and scalable to different telescopes. The use of re ecting optics reduces the transmission loss in the UV. It employs an image-intensified CMOS sensor, operating in photon counting mode, as the detector of choice. A lightweight pointing system developed for stable pointing to observe astronomical sources is also discussed, together with the methods to improve its accuracy, e.g. using the in-house build star sensor and others. Our primary scientific objectives include the observation of bright Solar System objects such as visible to eye comets, Moon and planets. Studies of planets can give us valuable information about the planetary aurorae, helping to model and compare atmospheres of other planets and the Earth. The other major objective is to look at the diffuse UV atmospheric emission features (airglow lines), and at column densities of trace gases. This UV window includes several lines important to atmospheric chemistry, e.g. SO2, O3, HCHO, BrO. The spectrograph enables simultaneous measurement of various trace gases, as well as provides better accuracy at higher altitudes compared to electromechanical trace gas measurement sondes. These lines contaminate most astronomical observations but are poorly characterized. Other objectives may include sprites in the atmosphere and meteor ashes from high altitude burn-outs. Our recent experiments and observations with high-altitude balloons are discussed.