cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Acrolein and Certain of its Derivatives
Creators: name: Voelker, Joachim Frank
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1926
Subjects: subject: Chemical Engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In connection with a theory as to the mechanism of alcoholic fermentation, certain of the unknown trioses were desired in order that their properties might be studied.  These compounds which were of particular interest were:
[Formula. See abstract in scanned thesis for details]
Of these the last was selected as offering greatest possibilities.

By a rather long syntheses Wohl had prepared the acetal of the desired compound, but mentioned no attempt to hydrolyze the acetal.  The object of this study was therefore two-fold, first to repeat the work of Wohl, and second to devise, if possible, a more direct method of preparing this unknown substance.

For convenience in the discussion it is purposed to name this compound glycidic aldehyde, by analogy to glycid [Formula. See abstract in scanned thesis for details] and glycidic acid [Formula. See abstract in scanned thesis for details].
Protostellar Disks as Sites of Early Phase Planet Formation
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Embedded systems experience infall from their envelopes, which can have a range of dynamical consequences on the nascent disk. I will present a new generalized model of infall onto disks, accounting for the three dimensional and heterogeneous nature of protostellar envelopes, and discuss the range of parameters for which infall mediated structure formation and transport can have significant consequences for early phase planet formation. (Note that this poster includes embedded animations that will not work in the Zenodo viewer. Please download the PDF and open it with Adobe Acrobat Reader if you would like to see the animations)
title: Acute disseminated Encephalomyelitis in Scrub typhus: A heteroclite case report
Creators: name: PANDA, SOURAV
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: MR
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: 54-year-old lady presented to our hospital with complaints of altered sensorium and inability to move all four limbs. Prior to developing these symptoms, she had a fever for 5 days which subsided on taking antipyretics. On clinical examination, Glasgow Coma Scale was E2 V1 M1.

description: 54 years, female
Background ozone over the United States in summer: Origin, trend, and contribution to pollution episodes
Creators: name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Bey, Isabelle
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
name: Field, Brendan D.
name: Fusco, Andrew C.
name: Wilkinson, James G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Ozone
Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Transboundary pollution
Tropospheric chemistry
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Observations indicate that ozone (O3) concentrations in surface air over the United States in summer contain a 20–45 ppbv background contribution, presumably reflecting transport from outside the North American boundary layer. We use a three-dimensional global model of tropospheric chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological observations to investigate the origin of this background and to quantify its contribution to total surface O3 on both average and highly polluted summer days. The model simulation is evaluated with a suite of surface and aircraft observations over the United States from the summer of 1995. The model reproduces the principal features in the observed distributions of O3 and its precursors, including frequency distributions of O3 concentrations and the development of regional high-O3 episodes in the eastern United States. Comparison of simulations with 1995 versus 1980 global fossil fuel emissions indicates that the model captures the previously observed decrease in the high end of the O3 probability distribution in surface air over the United States (reflecting reduction of domestic hydrocarbon emissions) and the increase in the low end (reflecting, at least in the model, rising Asian emissions). In the model, background O3 produced outside of the North American boundary layer contributes an average 25–35 ppbv to afternoon O3 concentrations in surface air in the western United States. and 15–30 ppbv in the eastern United States during the summer of 1995. This background generally decays to below 15 ppbv during the stagnation conditions conducive to exceedances of the 8-hour 0.08 ppmv (80 ppbv) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O3. A high background contribution of 25–40 ppbv is found during 9% of these exceedances, reflecting convective mixing of free tropospheric O3 from aloft, followed by rapid production within the U.S. boundary layer. Anthropogenic emissions in Asia and Europe are found to increase afternoon O3 concentrations in surface air over the United States by typically 4–7 ppbv, under both average and highly polluted conditions. This enhancement is particularly large (up to 14 ppbv) for O3 concentrations in the 50–70 ppbv range, and would represent a major concern if the NAAQS were to be tightened.
Pion-assisted Nucleon-Delta and Delta-Delta dibaryons
Creators: name: Gal, Avraham
name: Garcilazo, Humberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: N-Delta and Delta-Delta dibaryon candidates are discussed and related quark-based calculations are reviewed. New hadronic calculations of L=0 nonstrange dibaryon candidates are reported. For N-Delta, I(JP)=1(2+) and 2(1+) S-matrix poles slightly below threshold are found by solving pi-N-N Faddeev equations with relativistic kinematics, and for Delta-Delta several S-matrix poles below threshold are found by solving pi-N-Delta Faddeev equations with relativistic kinematics in which the N-Delta interaction is dominated by the 1(2+) and 2(1+) resonating channels. In particular, the I(JP)=0(3+) Delta-Delta dibaryon candidate D_{03}(2370) observed recently by the WASA@COSY Collaboration is naturally explained in terms of long-range physics dominated by pions, nucleons and Delta's. These calculations are so far the only ones to reproduce the relatively small width, approximately 70 MeV, of D_{03}(2370). Predictions are also made for the location and width of D_{30}, the I(JP)=3(0+) exotic partner of D_{03}(2370).
description: presented by Avraham Gal at HADRON 2013, the XV International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy at Nara, Japan, Nov. 2013, matches published version, shorter by one page than v1
TinyverseGP: Towards a Modular Cross-domain Benchmarking Framework for Genetic Programming
Creators: name: Kalkreuth, Roman
name: de França, Fabricio Olivetti
name: Dierkes, Julian
name: Anastacio, Marie
name: Jankovic, Anja
name: Vasicek, Zdenek
name: Hoos, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Over the years, genetic programming (GP) has evolved, with many proposed variations, especially in how they represent a solution. Being essentially a program synthesis algorithm, it is capable of tackling multiple problem domains. Current benchmarking initiatives are fragmented, as the different representations are not compared with each other and their performance is not measured across the different domains. In this work, we propose a unified framework, dubbed TinyverseGP (inspired by tinyGP), which provides support to multiple representations and problem domains, including symbolic regression, logic synthesis and policy search.
description: Accepted for presentation as a poster at the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) and will appear in the GECCO'25 companion. GECCO'25 will be held July 14-18, 2025 in M\'alaga, Spain
Asian outflow and trans-Pacific transport of carbon monoxide and ozone pollution: An integrated satellite, aircraft, and model perspective
Creators: name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Emmons, Louisa K.
name: Gille, John C.
name: Deeter, Merritt N.
name: Warner, Juying
name: Edwards, David P.
name: Crawford, James H.
name: Heald, Colette L.
name: Hamlin, Amy J.
name: Sachse, Glen W.
name: Browell, Edward V.
name: Avery, Melody A.
name: Vay, Stephanie A.
name: Westberg, David J.
name: Blake, Donald R.
name: Singh, Hanwant B.
name: Sandholm, Scott T.
name: Talbot, Robert W.
name: Fuelberg, Henry E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Air--Pollution--Measurement
Tropospheric chemistry
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Satellite observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument are combined with measurements from the Transport and Chemical Evolution Over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft mission over the northwest Pacific and with a global three-dimensional chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM) to quantify Asian pollution outflow and its trans-Pacific transport during spring 2001. Global CO column distributions in MOPITT and GEOS-CHEM are highly correlated (R2 = 0.87), with no significant model bias. The largest regional bias is over Southeast Asia, where the model is 18% too high. A 60% decrease of regional biomass burning emissions in the model (to 39 Tg yr−1) would correct the discrepancy; this result is consistent with TRACE-P observations. MOPITT and TRACE-P also give consistent constraints on the Chinese source of CO from fuel combustion (181 Tg CO yr−1). Four major events of trans-Pacific transport of Asian pollution in spring 2001 were seen by MOPITT, in situ platforms, and GEOS-CHEM. One of them was sampled by TRACE-P (26–27 February) as a succession of pollution layers over the northeast Pacific. These layers all originated from one single event of Asian outflow that split into northern and southern plumes over the central Pacific. The northern plume (sampled at 6–8 km off California) had no ozone enhancement. The southern subsiding plume (sampled at 2–4 km west of Hawaii) contained a 8–17 ppbv ozone enhancement, driven by decomposition of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) to nitrogen oxides (NOx). This result suggests that PAN decomposition in trans-Pacific pollution plumes subsiding over the United States could lead to significant enhancements of surface ozone.
Constraints on the sources of tropospheric ozone from 210Pb-7Be-O3 Correlations
Creators: name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Dibb, Jack E.
name: Liu, Hongyu
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Ozone
Tropospheric chemistry--Remote sensing
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: The 210Pb-7Be-O3 relationships observed in three aircraft missions over the western Pacific (PEM-West A and B, TRACE-P) are simulated with a global three-dimensional chemical tracer model (GEOS-CHEM) driven by assimilated meteorological observations. Results are interpreted in terms of the constraints that they offer on sources of tropospheric ozone (O3). Aircraft observations of fresh Asian outflow show strong 210Pb-O3 correlations in September–October, but such correlations are only seen at low latitudes in February–March. Observations further downwind over the Pacific show stronger 210Pb-O3 correlations in February–March than in September–October. The model reproduces these results and attributes the seasonal contrast to strong O3 production and vertical mixing over east Asia in September–October, seasonal shift of convection from China in September–October to Southeast Asia in February–March, and slow but sustained net O3 production in Asian outflow over the western Pacific in February–March. Seasonal biomass burning over Southeast Asia in February–March is responsible for the positive 210Pb-O3 correlations observed at low latitudes. The model reproduces the observed absence of 7Be-O3 correlations over the western Pacific during September–October, implying strong convective and weak stratospheric influence on O3. Comparison of observed and simulated 7Be-O3 correlations indicates that the stratosphere contributes less than 20–30% of O3 in the middle troposphere at northern midlatitudes even during spring.
Evaluating the contribution of changes in isoprene emissions to surface ozone trends over the eastern United States
Creators: name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Purves, Drew W.
name: Levy II, Hiram
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Evans, Mathew J.
name: Wang, Yuxuan
name: Li, Qinbin
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Isoprene
Air quality management
Atmospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Reducing surface ozone (O3) to concentrations in compliance with the national air quality standard has proven to be challenging, despite tighter controls on O3 precursor emissions over the past few decades. New evidence indicates that isoprene emissions changed considerably from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s owing to land-use changes in the eastern United States (Purves et al., 2004). Over this period, U.S. anthropogenic VOC (AVOC) emissions decreased substantially. Here we apply two chemical transport models (GEOS-CHEM and MOZART-2) to test the hypothesis, put forth by Purves et al. (2004), that the absence of decreasing O3 trends over much of the eastern United States may reflect a balance between increases in isoprene emissions and decreases in AVOC emissions. We find little evidence for this hypothesis; over most of the domain, mean July afternoon (1300–1700 local time) surface O3 is more responsive (ranging from −9 to +7 ppbv) to the reported changes in anthropogenic NOx emissions than to the concurrent isoprene (−2 to +2 ppbv) or AVOC (−2 to 0 ppbv) emission changes. The estimated magnitude of the O3 response to anthropogenic NOx emission changes, however, depends on the base isoprene emission inventory used in the model. The combined effect of the reported changes in eastern U.S. anthropogenic plus biogenic emissions is insufficient to explain observed changes in mean July afternoon surface O3 concentrations, suggesting a possible role for decadal changes in meteorology, hemispheric background O3, or subgrid-scale chemistry. We demonstrate that two major uncertainties, the base isoprene emission inventory and the fate of isoprene nitrates (which influence surface O3 in the model by −15 to +4 and +4 to +12 ppbv, respectively), preclude a well-constrained quantification of the present-day contribution of biogenic or anthropogenic emissions to surface O3 concentrations, particularly in the high-isoprene-emitting southeastern United States. Better constraints on isoprene emissions and chemistry are needed to quantitatively address the role of isoprene in eastern U.S. air quality.
Degradation modeling and reliability analysis of bridge rebar corrosion
Creators: name: Li, Zhanhang
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: This thesis presents modeling methods for the rebar degradation process and gives a forecast for it by using machine learning approaches. With the widespread use of reinforced concrete materials around the world, rebar has become a key component to bridges and roads. Due to the influence of the external environment, the concrete enclosing the reinforcement will crack, and the rebar embedded will gradually corrode, which may cause serious consequences. Based on the experimental data of reinforcement corrosion, this study analyzed the factors affecting the rebar corrosion. Considering the influence of experimental environmental factors, a two-stage degradation model of rebar degradation is established to evaluate the corrosion rate of steel bar under different concrete crack size and chloride ion concentration. The accelerated life testing model for crack size on concrete and chloride ion concentration is established and its reliability performance under different environmental pressure is evaluated. Machine learning methods are also used to predict the concrete degradation level, and a method of combining machine learning with two-stage degradation model is found. Together this study is useful to understand the rebar corrosion and the influence of environmental factors on its reliability performance. Through effective evaluation and maintenance, it helps to formulate maintenance strategies and prevent safety accidents.
Seasonal budgets of reactive nitrogen species and ozone over the United States, and export fluxes to the global atmosphere
Creators: name: Liang, Jinyou
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Wang, Yuhang
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Logan, Jennifer A.
name: Gardner, Geraldine M.
name: Munger, J. William
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Pollution--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Atmospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: A three-dimensional, continental-scale photochemical model is used to investigate seasonal budgets of O3 and NOy species (including NOx and its oxidation products) in the boundary layer over the United States and to estimate the export of these species from the U.S. boundary layer to the global atmosphere. Model results are evaluated with year-round observations for O3, CO, and NOy species at nonurban sites. A seasonal transition from NOx to hydrocarbon-limited conditions for O3 production over the eastern United States is found to take place in the fall, with the reverse transition taking place in the spring. The mean NOx/NOy molar ratio in the U.S. boundary layer in the model ranges from 0.2 in summer to 0.6 in winter, in accord with observations, and reflecting largely the seasonal variation in the chemical lifetime of NOx. Formation of hydroxy organic nitrates during oxidation of isoprene, followed by decomposition of these nitrates to HNO3, is estimated to account for 30% of the chemical sink of NOx in the U.S. boundary layer in summer. Model results indicate that peroxyacylnitrates (PANs) are most abundant in the U.S. boundary layer in spring (25% of total NOy.), reflecting a combination of active photochemistry and low temperatures. About 20% of the NOx emitted from fossil fuel combustion in the United States in the model is exported out of the U.S. boundary layer as NOx or PANs (15% in summer, 25% in winter). This export responds less than proportionally to changes in NOx emissions in summer, but more than proportionally in winter. The annual mean export of NOx and PANs from the U.S. boundary layer is estimated to be 1.4 Tg N yr−1, representing an important source of NOx on the scale of the northern hemisphere troposphere. The eventual O3 production in the global troposphere due to the exported NOx and PANs is estimated to be twice as large, on an annual basis, as the direct export of O3 pollution from the U.S. boundary layer. Fossil fuel combustion in the United States is estimated to account for about 10% of the total source of O3 in the northern hemisphere troposphere on an annual basis.
Chiral Structure of Scalar and Pseudoscalar Mesons
Creators: name: Chen, Hua-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically study the chiral structure of local tetraquark currents of flavor singlet and J(P)=0(+). We also investigate their chiral partners, including scalar and pseudoscalar tetraquark currents of flavor singlet, octet, 10, 10_bar and 27. We study their chiral transformation properties. Particularly, we use the tetraquark currents belonging to the "non-exotic" [(3_bar,3)+(3,3_bar)] chiral multiplets to calculate the masses of light scalar mesons through QCD sum rule. The two-point correlation functions are calculated including all terms and only the connected parts. The results are consistent with the experimental values.
description: 45 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, to appear in Advances in High Energy Physics
The Ubiquitin Proteasome System as a Regulator of Neuronal Function
Creators: name: Puddefoot, Katie
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Homeostatic balance between protein synthesis, turn over and degradation is vital for the stability and viability of all living cells. The primary function of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System is to degrade intracellular proteins, however perturbation of this system has been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. There is also mounting evidence for the role of the proteasome in the healthy functioning of neurons, however an investigation into the effect of proteasomal inhibition on the physiology, morphology and behaviour within a vertebrate species has yet to be carried out. In Chapters 3 and 4, whole-cell patch clamp technique has been used to determine how pharmacological inhibition of the proteasome influences the synaptic and intrinsic properties of motoneurons within the spinal cord of larval zebrafish. Proteasomal inhibition increased the frequency of glycinergic miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents during chronic and short-term incubations. However, proteasome inhibition did not affect glutamatergic miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents or firing properties of motoneurons. In Chapter 5, changes in the synaptic properties of the neuromuscular junction and the morphology primary motoneurons following pharmacological proteasomal inhibition were investigated. Proteasomal inhibition increased the frequency of miniature endplate potentials, suggesting that inhibition of the proteasome selectively affects neurotransmitter release at specific synapses. Thereafter, using immunohistochemistry, the effect of proteasomal inhibition on the morphology of primary motoneurons was assessed. Inhibition of the proteasome does not affect the outgrowth of primary motoneurons or the formation of neuromuscular junctions. Finally, in Chapter 6, the effect of proteasomal inhibition on the free-swimming behaviour of larval zebrafish was assessed. Inhibition of the proteasome does not affect overall swimming distance or time spent swimming. However, proteasomal inhibition increased velocity of swimming, suggesting that changes in synaptic transmission due to inhibited proteasomes affects the locomotive behaviour of larval zebrafish.
Validating Simple Dynamical Simulations of the Unitary Fermi Gas
Creators: name: Forbes, Michael McNeil
name: Sharma, Rishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparison between simulated dynamics of the unitary fermion gas using the superfluid local density approximation (SLDA) and a simplified bosonic model, the extended Thomas Fermi (ETF) with a unitary equation of state. Small amplitude fluctuations have similar dynamics in both theories for frequencies far below the pair breaking threshold and wave vectors much smaller than the Fermi momentum, and the low frequency linear responses match well for surprisingly large wave vectors, even up to the Fermi momentum. For non-linear dynamics such as vortex generation, the ETF provides a semi-quantitative description of SLDA dynamics as long as the fluctuations do not have significant power near the pair breaking threshold, otherwise the dynamics of the ETF cannot be trusted. Nonlinearities in the ETF tends to generate high-frequency fluctuations, and with no normal component to remove this energy from the superfluid, features like vortex lattices cannot relax and crystallize as they do in the SLDA. We present a heuristic diagnostic for validating the reliability of ETF dynamics by considering the approximate conservation of square of the gap: $\int|Δ|^2$.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
title: MEASURING THE EFFECTS OF LOBINALINE-N-BIOXIDE (419) ON ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, NICOTINE LOCOMOTOR SENSITIZATION, AND CONDITIONED PLACE PREFERENCE IN MICE AND RATS
Creators: name: Suhail, Cocanut
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective: Novel drug 419 was examined to see the effect it has in vivo mice and rats on alcohol consumption, nicotine locomotor sensitization, and conditioned place preference (CPP) models regarding behavioral tests on dopamine transporter activity.

Methods: Mice and rats were used to see how they react to the drug 419 and control vehicle, in each of the models. The animals were assessed to pre- and post- drug administration of novel drug 419. We examined each model to see the association between how drug 419 will help with treating drug abuse.

Results: We found that in alcohol consumption model the mice did not react well to drug 419 and had no significant results. In the nicotine locomotor sensitization, we found that drug 419 has potential in reversing the nicotine induced locomotor activity and could help reduce nicotine abusive disorder. The CPP model did not have any significant results in either rat group. We found that drug 419 at the dose we administered does not seem to have a significant effect in the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways and may not facilitate a role in treating drug abuse.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that drug 419 may play a role in only nicotine locomotor sensitization due to the reversal of nicotine induce LMA that was observed. The use of drug 419 in alcohol consumption and CPP models indicated that it is not effective as it did not alter the behavior in mice and rats. The need for understanding the pharmacological and pharmacokinetics of drug 419 is critical to fully be implemented in future behavioral tests.
description: © 2020 Cocanut M. Suhail
Air mass factor formulation for spectroscopic measurements from satellites: Application to formaldehyde retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment
Creators: name: Palmer, Paul I.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Chance, Kelly
name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Spurr, Robert J. D.
name: Kurosu, Thomas P.
name: Bey, Isabelle
name: Yantosca, Robert
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Li, Qinbin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Radiative transfer--Mathematical models
Spectroscopic imaging
Atmospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We present a new formulation for the air mass factor (AMF) to convert slant column measurements of optically thin atmospheric species from space into total vertical columns. Because of atmospheric scattering, the AMF depends on the vertical distribution of the species. We formulate the AMF as the integral of the relative vertical distribution (shape factor) of the species over the depth of the atmosphere, weighted by altitude-dependent coefficients (scattering weights) computed independently from a radiative transfer model. The scattering weights are readily tabulated, and one can then obtain the AMF for any observation scene by using shape factors from a three dimensional (3-D) atmospheric chemistry model for the period of observation. This approach subsequently allows objective evaluation of the 3-D model with the observed vertical columns, since the shape factor and the vertical column in the model represent two independent pieces of information. We demonstrate the AMF method by using slant column measurements of formaldehyde at 346 nm from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment satellite instrument over North America during July 1996. Shape factors are computed with the Global Earth Observing System CHEMistry (GEOS-CHEM) global 3-D model and are checked for consistency with the few available aircraft measurements. Scattering weights increase by an order of magnitude from the surface to the upper troposphere. The AMFs are typically 20–40% less over continents than over the oceans and are approximately half the values calculated in the absence of scattering. Model-induced errors in the AMF are estimated to be ∼10%. The GEOS-CHEM model captures 50% and 60% of the variances in the observed slant and vertical columns, respectively. Comparison of the simulated and observed vertical columns allows assessment of model bias.
The Effect of Earthquakes on Reinforced Concrete Building Design
Creators: name: Fricker, Felix Oscar
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1926
Subjects: subject: Civil Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The building under consideration was the Pasadena Furniture Building, on East Colorado St., Pasadena, California. It is a modern reinforced concrete building that may be classed as a warehouse of flat-slab construction.
Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America
Creators: name: Li, Qinbin
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Bey, Isabelle
name: Palmer, Paul I.
name: Duncan, Bryan N.
name: Field, Brendan D.
name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
name: Parrish, David D.
name: Simmonds, Peter G.
name: Oltmans, Samuel J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Transboundary pollution
Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We examine the transatlantic transport of anthropogenic ozone and its impact on surface ozone in Europe and North America by using a 5-year (1993–1997) simulation with the GEOS-CHEM global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry. Long-term time series of ozone and CO at Mace Head (Ireland) and Sable Island (Canada) are used to evaluate transatlantic transport in the model. North American anthropogenic emissions contribute on average 5 ppbv to surface ozone at Mace Head, and up to 10–20 ppbv during transatlantic transport events, which are forerunners of broader events in Europe. These events are associated with low-level westerly flow driven by an intense Icelandic low between Iceland and the British Isles. North American influence on ozone at Mace Head is strongly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), implying that the NAO index can be used to forecast transatlantic transport of North American pollution to Europe. European anthropogenic emissions contribute on average less than 2 ppbv to surface ozone at Sable Island but up to 5–10 ppbv during transatlantic transport events. These events are associated with low-level easterly flow established by anomalous low pressure at 45°N over the North Atlantic. North American anthropogenic emissions enhance surface ozone in continental Europe by 2–4 ppbv on average in summer and by 5–10 ppbv during transatlantic transport events; transport in the boundary layer and subsidence from the free troposphere are both important mechanisms. We find in the model that 20% of the violations of the European Council ozone standard (55 ppbv, 8-hour average) in the summer of 1997 over Europe would not have occurred in the absence of anthropogenic emissions from North America. North American influence on surface ozone in Europe is particularly strong at the thresholds used for the European standards (55–65 ppbv).
Influence of the spatial laser energy absorption on the molten pool dynamics in high-power laser beam welding
Creators: name: Meng, Xiangmeng
name: Putra, Stephen Nugraha
name: Bachmann, Marcel
name: Rethmeier, Michael
Publisher: name: Laser Institute of America
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik
subject: laser beam welding
subject: laser energy absorption
subject: molten pool
subject: keyhole dynamics
subject: numerical modeling

description: The spatial laser energy absorption inside the keyhole is decisive for the dynamic molten pool behaviors and the resultant weld properties in high-power laser beam welding (LBW). In this paper, a numerical simulation of the LBW process, considering the 3D transient heat transfer, fluid flow, and keyhole dynamics, is implemented, in which the free surface is tracked by the volume-of-fluid algorithm. The underlying laser-material interactions, i.e., the multiple reflections and Fresnel absorption, are considered by an advanced ray-tracing method based on a localized level-set strategy and a temperature-dependent absorption coefficient. The laser energy absorption is analyzed from a time-averaged point of view for a better statistical representation. It is found for the first time that a significant drop in the time-averaged laser energy absorption occurs at the focus position of the laser beam and that the rest of the keyhole region has relatively homogeneous absorbed energy. This unique absorption pattern may lead to a certain keyhole instability and have a strong correlation with the detrimental bulging and narrowing phenomena in the molten pool. The influence of different focus positions of the laser beam on the keyhole dynamics and molten pool profile is also analyzed. The obtained numerical results are compared with experimental measurements to ensure the validity of the proposed model.
Quantum Dynamics of a Dissipative and Confined Cyclotron Motion
Creators: name: Kumar, Jishad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dissipative dynamics of a charged oscillator in a magnetic field by coupling (a la Caldeira and Leggett) it to a heat bath consisting of non-interacting harmonic oscillators. We derive here the auto-correlation functions of the position and momentum and study its behavior at various limiting situations. The equilibrium (steady state) dispersions of position and momentum are obtained from their respective autocorrelation functions. We analyse the equilibrium position and momentum dispersions at low and high temperatures for both low and high magnetic field strengths. We obtain the classical diffusive behavior (at long times) as well as the equilibrium momentum dispersion of the free quantum charged particle in a magnetic field, in the limit of vanishing oscillator potential ω_0 . We establish the relations between the reduced partition function and the equilibrium dispersions of the dissipative and confined cyclotron problem.
description: Accepted for publication in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Global health benefits of mitigating ozone pollution with methane emission controls
Creators: name: West, J. Jason
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Mauzerall, Denise L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Ozone-depleting substance mitigation
Methane--Environmental aspects
Air--Pollution--Health aspects
Ozone
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Methane (CH4) contributes to the growing global background concentration of tropospheric ozone (O3), an air pollutant associated with premature mortality. Methane and ozone are also important greenhouse gases. Reducing methane emissions therefore decreases surface ozone everywhere while slowing climate warming, but although methane mitigation has been considered to address climate change, it has not for air quality. Here we show that global decreases in surface ozone concentrations, due to methane mitigation, result in substantial and widespread decreases in premature human mortality. Reducing global anthropogenic methane emissions by 20% beginning in 2010 would decrease the average daily maximum 8-h surface ozone by ≈1 part per billion by volume globally. By using epidemiologic ozone-mortality relationships, this ozone reduction is estimated to prevent ≈30,000 premature all-cause mortalities globally in 2030, and ≈370,000 between 2010 and 2030. If only cardiovascular and respiratory mortalities are considered, ≈17,000 global mortalities can be avoided in 2030. The marginal cost-effectiveness of this 20% methane reduction is estimated to be ≈$420,000 per avoided mortality. If avoided mortalities are valued at $1 million each, the benefit is ≈$240 per tonne of CH4 (≈$12 per tonne of CO2 equivalent), which exceeds the marginal cost of the methane reduction. These estimated air pollution ancillary benefits of climate-motivated methane emission reductions are comparable with those estimated previously for CO2. Methane mitigation offers a unique opportunity to improve air quality globally and can be a cost-effective component of international ozone management, bringing multiple benefits for air quality, public health, agriculture, climate, and energy.
Interpretation of TOMS observations of tropical tropospheric ozone with a global model and in-situ observations
Creators: name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Logan, Jennifer A.
name: Bey, Isabelle
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
name: Staudt, Amanda C.
name: Li, Qinbin
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Duncan, Bryan N.
name: Liu, Hongyu
name: Ginoux, Paul
name: Thouret, Valerie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Atmospheric physics
Ozone
Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We interpret the distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone columns (TTOCs) from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) by using a global three-dimensional model of tropospheric chemistry (GEOS-CHEM) and additional information from in situ observations. The GEOS-CHEM TTOCs capture 44% of the variance of monthly mean TOMS TTOCs from the convective cloud differential method (CCD) with no global bias. Major discrepancies are found over northern Africa and south Asia where the TOMS TTOCs do not capture the seasonal enhancements from biomass burning found in the model and in aircraft observations. A characteristic feature of these northern tropical enhancements, in contrast to southern tropical enhancements, is that they are driven by the lower troposphere where the sensitivity of TOMS is poor due to Rayleigh scattering. We develop an efficiency correction to the TOMS retrieval algorithm that accounts for the variability of ozone in the lower troposphere. This efficiency correction increases TTOCs over biomass burning regions by 3–5 Dobson units (DU) and decreases them by 2–5 DU over oceanic regions, improving the agreement between CCD TTOCs and in situ observations. Applying the correction to CCD TTOCs reduces by ∼5 DU the magnitude of the “tropical Atlantic paradox” [Thompson et al., 2000], i.e. the presence of a TTOC enhancement over the southern tropical Atlantic during the northern African biomass burning season in December–February. We reproduce the remainder of the paradox in the model and explain it by the combination of upper tropospheric ozone production from lightning NOx, persistent subsidence over the southern tropical Atlantic as part of the Walker circulation, and cross-equatorial transport of upper tropospheric ozone from northern midlatitudes in the African “westerly duct.” These processes in the model can also account for the observed 13–17 DU persistent wave-1 pattern in TTOCs with a maximum over the tropical Atlantic and a minimum over the tropical Pacific during all seasons. The photochemical effects of mineral dust have only a minor role on the modeled distribution of TTOCs, including over northern Africa, due to multiple competing effects. The photochemical effects of mineral dust globally decrease annual mean OH concentrations by 9%. A global lightning NOx source of 6 Tg N yr−1 in the model produces a simulation that is most consistent with TOMS and in situ observations.
Music Files Search System
Creators: name: Brzeziński-Spiczak, M.
name: Dobosz, K.
name: Lis, M.
name: Pintal, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a project of advanced system of music retrieval from the Internet. The system uses combination of text search (by author, title and other information about the music file included in id3 tag description or similar for other file types) with more intuitive and novel method of melody search using query by humming. The patterns for storing text and melody information as well as improved clustering algorithm for the pattern space were proposed. The search engine is planned to optimise the query due to the data input by user, thanks to the structure of text and melody index database. The system is planned to be a plug-in for popular digital music players or an independent player. An advanced system of recommendation based on information gathered from user's profile and search history is an integral part of the system. The recommendation mechanism uses scrobbling methods and is responsible for making suggestions of songs unknown to the user but similar to his preferred music styles and positioning search results.
Observed suppression of ozone formation at extremely high temperatures due to chemical and biophysical feedbacks
Creators: name: Steinera, Allison L.
name: Davis, Adam J.
name: Sillman, Sanford
name: Owen, Robert C.
name: Michalak, Anna M.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Ozone--Mathematical models
Isoprene
Ozone
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: Ground level ozone concentrations ([O3]) typically show a direct linear relationship with surface air temperature. Three decades of California measurements provide evidence of a statistically significant change in the ozone-temperature slope (ΔmO3-T) under extremely high temperatures (> 312 K). This ΔmO3-T leads to a plateau or decrease in [O3], reflecting the diminished role of nitrogen oxide sequestration by peroxyacetyl nitrates and reduced biogenic isoprene emissions at high temperatures. Despite inclusion of these processes in global and regional chemistry-climate models, a statistically significant change in ΔmO3-T has not been noted in prior studies. Future climate projections suggest a more frequent and spatially widespread occurrence of this ΔmO3-T response, confounding predictions of extreme ozone events based on the historically observed linear relationship.
title: Kriegsschuh und Streckfleisch
title: Badischen Landesbibliothek stellt digitalisierte Materialien zum Ersten Weltkrieg bereit
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hiller von Gaertringen, Julia
Publisher: name: Badische Landesbibliothek
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Mit Blick auf das Jahrhundertgedenken zum Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs hat die Badische Landesbibliothek bereits im Jahr 2013 hundert zeitgenössische Bücher und Broschüren aus den Jahren 1914‐1918 digitalisiert. Sie stammen aus badischen Verlagen oder beziehen sich auf das Kriegsgeschehen in Baden. Seither hat sich die Titelzahl aufgrund von Benutzeraufträgen noch erhöht. Die digitalisierten Titel sind zu finden unter: http://digital.blb‐karlsruhe.de. Das Spektrum der Digitalisate reicht von amtlichen Denkschriften zu wirtschaftlichen Maßnahmen während des Kriegs oder zur Invaliden‐ und Hinterbliebenenfürsorge über Kriegspropagan‐ da, Kriegstagebücher, Kriegslyrik und Kriegspredigten bis hin zur Darstellung der Kriegserlebnis‐ se von Badenern an der Front und in Gefangenschaft. Ebenfalls dabei: das mit Hunderten von Fotos ausgestattete Gedenkbuch der Stadt Pforzheim mit den Ehrentafeln der Kriegsopfer aus den Jahren 1915‐1920 und das Ehrenbuch der Stadt Karlsruhe für ihre 5510 im Krieg gefallenen Bürger aus dem Jahr 1930. Oder eine alphabetische Zusammenstellung der höchstzulässigen Lebensmittelpreise in Karlsruhe nach dem Stand vom 15. Mai 1916. Eine kleine Auswahl der digitalisierten Titel soll hier vorgestellt werden.
An improved retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide from GOME
Creators: name: Chance, Kelly
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Kurosu, Thomas P.
name: Spurr, Robert J. D.
name: Martin, Randall V.
name: Bucsela, Eric
name: Gleason, James F.
name: Palmer, Paul I.
name: Bey, Isabelle
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Li, Qinbin
name: Yantosca, Robert M.
name: Koelemeijer, Robert B. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Tropospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide
Satellite meteorology--Data processing
Meteorology
Climatic changes
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We present a retrieval of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument that improves in several ways over previous retrievals, especially in the accounting of Rayleigh and cloud scattering. Slant columns, which are directly fitted without low-pass filtering or spectral smoothing, are corrected for an artificial offset likely induced by spectral structure on the diffuser plate of the GOME instrument. The stratospheric column is determined from NO2 columns over the remote Pacific Ocean to minimize contamination from tropospheric NO2. The air mass factor (AMF) used to convert slant columns to vertical columns is calculated from the integral of the relative vertical NO2 distribution from a global 3-D model of tropospheric chemistry driven by assimilated meteorological data (Global Earth Observing System (GEOS)-CHEM), weighted by altitude-dependent scattering weights computed with a radiative transfer model (Linearized Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer), using local surface albedos determined from GOME observations at NO2 wavelengths. The AMF calculation accounts for cloud scattering using cloud fraction, cloud top pressure, and cloud optical thickness from a cloud retrieval algorithm (GOME Cloud Retrieval Algorithm). Over continental regions with high surface emissions, clouds decrease the AMF by 20–30% relative to clear sky. GOME is almost twice as sensitive to tropospheric NO2 columns over ocean than over land. Comparison of the retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns for July 1996 with GEOS-CHEM values tests both the retrieval and the nitrogen oxide radical (NOx) emissions inventories used in GEOS-CHEM. Retrieved tropospheric NO2 columns over the United States, where NOx emissions are particularly well known, are within 18% of GEOS-CHEM columns and are strongly spatially correlated (r = 0.78, n = 288, p < 0.005). Retrieved columns show more NO2 than GEOS-CHEM columns over the Transvaal region of South Africa and industrial regions of the northeast United States and Europe. They are lower over Houston, India, eastern Asia, and the biomass burning region of central Africa, possibly because of biases from absorbing aerosols.