cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spacelike graphs with prescribed mean curvature on exterior domains in the Minkowski spacetime
Creators: name: Bartolo, Rossella
name: Caponio, Erasmo
name: Pomponio, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J93, 53C50

description: We consider a Dirichlet problem for the mean curvature operator in the Minkowski spacetime, obtaining a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a spacelike solution, with prescribed mean curvature, which is the graph of a function defined on a domain equal to the complement in $\mathbb R^n$ of the union of a finite number of bounded Lipschitz domains. The mean curvature $H=H(x,t)$ is assumed to have absolute value controlled from above by a locally bounded, $L^p$-function, $p\in [1,2n/(n+2)]$, $n\geq 3$.
description: AMSLaTeX, 15 pages; v4: reference [37] updated
PRICE REACTIONS AND ORGANIC PRICE PREMIUMS FOR PRIVATE LABEL AND BRANDED MILK
Creators: name: Zhuang, Yan
name: Dimitri, Carolyn
name: Jaenicke, Edward C.
name: Zhuang, Yan
name: Dimitri, Carolyn
name: Jaenicke, Edward C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
Health Economics and Policy

description: Using Nielsen Homescan data set from 52 markets in the United States, this paper assesses the price interactions among the four fluid milk categories (organic private label, organic national brand, non-organic private label and non-organic national brand), how demographic variables and product properties in a market affect milk prices, and the impacts of private label and organic milk market shares on milk prices. We find several types of price competition exist among the four milk categories, including for example symmetric cooperative (non-organic private label vs. non-organic branded milk) and asymmetric dominant-fringe (both organic branded vs. organic private label and non-organic national brand vs. organic national brand. We also find that the organic premium for private label milk decreases with increases in the aggregate private label market share, but increases with increases in the aggregate organic market share. Alternatively, the organic price premium for national brand milk decreases with increases in both the private label share and the organic share.
Alexander the Great in the history of Iran
Creators: name: Olbrycht, Marek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 210302 Asian History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History

description: Marek Jan Olbrycht, Alexander the Great in the history of Iran (Postać Aleksandra Wielkiego w dziejach Iranu) , in: K. Nawotka, M. Pawlak (eds.), Grecy, Rzymianie i ich sąsiedzi (=Antiquitas 29 = Acta Universitatis Vratislaviensis No 2992), Wrocław 2007, 157-173.
IS ORGANIC FOOD A QUALITY ATTRIBUTE OR A PRODUCT CATEGORY?
Creators: name: Denver, Sigrid
name: Christensen, Tove
name: Denver, Sigrid
name: Christensen, Tove
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: organic demand
subject: separability
subject: perception of organic foods
subject: mixtures of logit

description: The present study investigates the relationships between consumer categorization of organic versus non-organic food products, consumers’ underlying perceptions of organic food, and their propensity to consume organic foods. A choice experiment is used to test these relations in a case study involving consumer preferences for attributes relating to milk. First and foremost, we find a strong link between how consumers categorize food and their organic profile. Second, our study supports earlier findings which indicate that certain socio-demographic variables are important drivers of organic demand together with beliefs in organic foods possessing positive attributes. Third, we find that knowledge concerning a claim stating that milk from grazing cows is healthier serves as a way to categorize consumers.
H2CO and CH3OH abundances in the envelopes around low-mass protostars
Creators: name: Jorgensen, J. K.
name: Schoeier, F. L.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the third in a series of single-dish studies of molecular abundances in the envelopes around a large sample of 18 low-mass pre- and protostellar objects. It focuses on typical grain mantle products and organic molecules, including H2CO, CH3OH and CH3CN. With a few exceptions, all H2CO lines can be fit by constant abundances of 7e(-11)-8e(-9) throughout the envelopes if ortho- and para lines are considered independently. The current observational dataset does not require a large H2CO abundance enhancement in the inner warm regions, but this can also not be ruled out. Through comparison of the H2CO abundances of the entire sample, the H2CO ortho-para ratio is constrained to be 1.6+/-0.3 consistent with thermalization on grains at temperatures of 10-15 K. The H2CO abundances can be related to the empirical chemical network established on the basis of our previously reported survey of other species and is found to be closely correlated with that of the nitrogen-bearing molecules. These correlations reflect the freeze-out of molecules at low temperatures and high densities. An improved fit to the data is obtained with a `drop' abundance structure in which the abundance decrease when the temperature is lower than the evaporation temperature and the density high enough so that the timescale for depletion is less than the lifetime of the core. The derived abundance structures for CH3OH are consistent with a scenario where CH3OH probes the action of compact outflows on the envelopes, which is further supported by comparison to high frequency, high excitation CS J=10-9 and HDO line profiles. The extent to which the outflow dominates the abundance enhancements compared with the passively heated inner envelope depends on the filling factors of the two components in the observing beam.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. Abstract abridged
Consumer valuation of health attributes in food
Creators: name: Smed, Sinne
name: Hansen, Lars Garn
name: Smed, Sinne
name: Hansen, Lars Garn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Hedonic model
subject: taste
subject: health
subject: food consumption

description: In modern societies consumers often face a trade-off between health and taste, the latter which encourages consumption of fatty, salty and sweet foods, whereas health awareness discourages consumption of the same food. The resulting diet, often rich in calories, sweeteners and fat constitutes a threat to public health as poor nutrition has been linked to several types of cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis as well as overweight and obesity. In this study we use the hedonic model as an outset to model consumer valuation of nutritional and non-nutritional characteristics of food consumption in a consistent way, accounting for that nutrients might influence utility both through health and through taste. This implies that a given nutrient in one food is not a perfect substitute for the same nutrient contained in another food, which is the case in the classical hedonic price model. However, as we model consumer choice covering the entire food basket then this assumption may be problematic. While assuming that the utility value of decreasing the content of fat in the diet for health reasons is the same irrespective of which food it comes from may be reasonable, it seems obvious that the corresponding implications for taste and consumption experience can vary substantially between different foods. The data that we use to estimate this model cover 2500 household’s food consumption over a year. More specifically the aim of this paper is to investigate the importance of consumers health valuations of five nutrients (saturated fat, sugar, carbohydrates, fibers and protein) relative to taste valuations for different types of foods (like e.g. meat, dairy, fats). The perfect substitutability of the health value of a given nutrient in different foods combined with decreasing marginal utilities of taste could have important implications for how consumers react to different policies.
DD-VNB: A Depth-based Dual-Loop Framework for Real-time Visually Navigated Bronchoscopy
Creators: name: Tian, Qingyao
name: Liao, Huai
name: Huang, Xinyan
name: Chen, Jian
name: Zhang, Zihui
name: Yang, Bingyu
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Liu, Hongbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-time 6 DOF localization of bronchoscopes is crucial for enhancing intervention quality. However, current vision-based technologies struggle to balance between generalization to unseen data and computational speed. In this study, we propose a Depth-based Dual-Loop framework for real-time Visually Navigated Bronchoscopy (DD-VNB) that can generalize across patient cases without the need of re-training. The DD-VNB framework integrates two key modules: depth estimation and dual-loop localization. To address the domain gap among patients, we propose a knowledge-embedded depth estimation network that maps endoscope frames to depth, ensuring generalization by eliminating patient-specific textures. The network embeds view synthesis knowledge into a cycle adversarial architecture for scale-constrained monocular depth estimation. For real-time performance, our localization module embeds a fast ego-motion estimation network into the loop of depth registration. The ego-motion inference network estimates the pose change of the bronchoscope in high frequency while depth registration against the pre-operative 3D model provides absolute pose periodically. Specifically, the relative pose changes are fed into the registration process as the initial guess to boost its accuracy and speed. Experiments on phantom and in-vivo data from patients demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework: 1) monocular depth estimation outperforms SOTA, 2) localization achieves an accuracy of Absolute Tracking Error (ATE) of 4.7 $\pm$ 3.17 mm in phantom and 6.49 $\pm$ 3.88 mm in patient data, 3) with a frame-rate approaching video capture speed, 4) without the necessity of case-wise network retraining. The framework's superior speed and accuracy demonstrate its promising clinical potential for real-time bronchoscopic navigation.
Spectrally-resolved Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry for Quantum-Optical Coherence Tomography
Creators: name: Yepiz-Graciano, Pablo
name: Martinez, Ali Michel Angulo
name: Lopez-Mago, Dorilian
name: Cruz-Ramirez, Hector
name: U'Ren, Alfred B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we revisit the well-known Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which two photons, which meet at a beamsplitter, can interfere destructively, leading to null in coincidence counts. In a standard HOM measurement, the coincidence counts across the two output ports of the beamsplitter are monitored as the temporal delay between the two photons prior to the beamsplitter is varied, resulting in the well-known HOM dip. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that by leaving the delay fixed at a particular value while relying on spectrally-resolved coincidence photon-counting, we can reconstruct the HOM dip, which would have been obtained through a standard delay-scanning, non-spectrally-resolved HOM measurement. We show that our numerical reconstruction procedure exhibits a novel dispersion cancellation effects, to all orders. We discuss how our present work can lead to a drastic reduction in the time required to acquire a HOM interferogram, and specifically discuss how this could be of particular importance for the implementation of efficient quantum-optical coherence tomography devices.
description: received 01/21/2020; accepted 03/24/2020; posted 03/26/2020; Doc. ID 388693
On Some Coins of Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) and his pro-Iranian policy
Creators: name: Olbrycht, Marek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: History
subject: 210302 Asian History
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History

description: Marek Jan Olbrycht, On Some Coins of Alexander the Great (336-323 BC) and his pro-Iranian policy, Payam-e Bastanshenas. Journal of Archaeology of the Islamic Azad Univesrity of Abhar (Iran), Vol. 4., No. 8, Autumn 2007 - Winter 2008, 19-24.
Structure of Si(114) determined by global optimization methods
Creators: name: Chuang, F. C.
name: Ciobanu, C. V.
name: Predescu, C.
name: Wang, C. Z.
name: Ho, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we report the results of global structural optimization of the Si(114) surface, which is a stable high-index orientation of silicon. We use two independent procedures recently developed for the determination of surface reconstructions, the parallel-tempering Monte Carlo method and the genetic algorithm. These procedures, coupled with the use of a highly-optimized interatomic potential for silicon, lead to finding a set of possible models for Si(114), whose energies are recalculated with ab-initio density functional methods. The most stable structure obtained here without experimental input coincides with the structure determined from scanning tunneling microscopy experiments and density functional calculations by Erwin, Baski and Whitman [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 687 (1996)].
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
The Economics of Health Behavior and Vitamin Consumption
Creators: name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Anders, Sven M.
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Rickard, Bradley J.
name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Anders, Sven M.
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Rickard, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Vitamins
subject: Supplements
subject: Fruits and vegetables
subject: NHANES
subject: Health production
subject: Healthy Eating Index - 2005

description: Conventionally, fruits and vegetables have been the major source of micronutrients. However, with the rising availability of nutritional supplements, U.S. consumers no longer need to rely on food alone for their nutritional needs. Time-pressured consumers with limited cooking skills and nutrition knowledge may find it easier to take vitamin supplements. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of lifestyle, diet behavior including vitamin supplement consumption, and food culture on diet quality outcomes as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI) and total energy intake. We use the 2003-04 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between HEI and caloric intake. Further, our specific focus is to determine the role of vitamin supplements in the U.S. diet by developing a profile of supplement consumers. In addition, we consider the caloric implications of diets that substitute vitamin supplements for fruits and vegetables. Selected variables include demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as a large number of dietary, health indicators, and lifestyle-related information. Findings from our econometric model show that consumers of vitamin supplements display higher HEI scores and consume diets with more calories. Specifically, our empirical results find that dietary supplements are consumed by female, married, college-educated senior respondents. Individuals who might believe they need to eat better also consume vitamin supplements. These are respondents who have been told by a health professional that they have high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol levels. Thus, vitamin supplement consumption seems to be another marker for healthy eating. It also raises concerns since healthy eaters do not need the supplements, and may consume some vitamins and minerals above the upper level.
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND FUTURE FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS
Creators: name: Valin, Hugo
name: Havlik, Petr
name: Mosnier, Aline
name: Obersteiner, Michael
name: Valin, Hugo
name: Havlik, Petr
name: Mosnier, Aline
name: Obersteiner, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty
Health Economics and Policy

description: Discussions on climate change increasingly emphasize the contribution of agricultural activities to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions. In this paper, we investigate from a supply to demand side perspective the stress between food demand and climate change challenges up until 2030. We examine how more stringent climate change mitigation policies could alter agricultural markets and put at risk the nutrition possibilities of populations. We use for this purpose GLOBIOM, an applied partial equilibrium model covering, at the world scale and a fine grid resolution, the main land-based sectors: agriculture, forestry and bioenergy. For this exercise, the model is fully linked to a semi-flexible endogenous demand system with non-linear Engel’s curves. Our results show that although forest related measures could be efficiently deployed without harming food security, a scenario of massive development of bioenergy would have more tangible impacts on food availability. Our most constraining option is a decrease in emissions from cattle, which would impose a reduction in the consumption of ruminant meat and milk. We illustrate that considering the current dynamic of consumption patterns, these latter policies, if implemented on the supply side directly, could have very uneven effects to the world’s diet and harm primarily developing countries.
High key rate quantum conference key agreement with unconditional security
Creators: name: Cao, Xiao-Yu
name: Lu, Yu-shuo
name: Li, Zhao
name: Gu, Jie
name: Yin, Hua-Lei
name: Chen, Zeng-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum cryptography is a major ingredient of the future quantum internet that promises various secure communication tasks. Quantum conference key agreement (CKA) is an important cryptographic primitive of quantum cryptography, which provides the conference key among multiple users simultaneously. However, quantum CKA is currently far from practical application due to the low conference key rate. Here, we propose a quantum CKA protocol of three users with information-theoretic security. Our protocol only requires phase-randomized weak coherent sources and threshold single-photon detectors, and is anticipated to be experimentally demonstrated over 600 km under current technology. Our scheme can be widely implemented in the approaching large-scale quantum network.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted by IEEE Access
Quantum Hall Transport Measurements of Lateral p-n Junctions Formed via Precise Spatial Photodoping of Graphene/hBN Heterostructures
Creators: name: Le, Son T.
name: Mai, Thuc T.
name: Munoz, Maria F.
name: Walker, Angela R. Hight
name: Richter, Curt A.
name: Hanbicki, Aubrey T.
name: Friedman, Adam L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doped semiconductors are a central and crucial component of all integrated circuits. By using a combination of white light and a focused laser beam, and exploiting hBN defect states, heterostructures of hBN/Graphene/hBN are photodoped in-operando, reproducibly and reversibly. We demonstrate device geometries with spatially-defined doping type and magnitude. After each optical doping procedure, magnetotransport measurements including quantum Hall measurements are performed to characterize the device performance. In the unipolar (p+-p-p+ and n-n+-n) configurations, we observe quantization of the longitudinal resistance, proving well-defined doped regions and interfaces that are further analyzed by Landauer-Buttiker modeling. Our unique measurements and modeling of these optically doped devices reveal a complete separation of the p- and n-Landau level edge states. The non-interaction of the edge states results in an observed "insulating" state in devices with a bi-polar p-n-p configuration that is uncommon and has not been measured previously in graphene devices. This insulating state could be utilized in high-performance graphene electrical switches. These quantitative magnetotransport measurements confirm that these doping techniques can be applied to any 2D materials encapsulated within hBN layers, enabling versatile, rewritable circuit elements for future computing and memory applications.
Skein modules and character varieties
Creators: name: Clay, Adam Joseph
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: We present a survey of the theory of skein modules of manifolds, and an introduction to skein algebras of groups. By applying a trick of Doug Bullock, we use SL(2, C) character varieties to highlight some infinite linearly independent families of knots in the Kauffman Bracket skein module of a 3-manifold. These families are composed of a knot K, together with all (1, n)-cablings of K. We also exhibit a method of explicit computation based upon the work of Robert Riley, which can identify infinite linearly independent families in the skein algebras of 2-bridge knot groups.
Schwarzschild-Levi-Civita black hole
Creators: name: Mazharimousavi, S. Habib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by the geometry of the Ernst black hole which interpolates the static spherically symmetric Schwarzschild black hole and the static axially symmetric magnetic Melvin spacetime, in this Letter, we aim to present a solution to Einstein's field equation in vacuum to interpolate the Schwarzschild black hole and the Levi-Civita spacetime. Hence, we shall call the solution the Schwarzschild-Levi-Civita black hole. Effectively the solution is a one-parameter non-asymptotically flat black hole that is static, axially symmetric, and singular in its axis of symmetry.
description: Final version, 7 pages, no figure, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
The Origin of Mean-Field Behavior in an Elastic Ising Model
Creators: name: Frechette, Layne B.
name: Dellago, Christoph
name: Geissler, Phillip L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple elastic models of spin-crossover compounds are known empirically to exhibit classical critical behavior. We demonstrate how the long-ranged interactions responsible for this behavior arise naturally upon integrating out mechanical fluctuations of such a model. A mean field theory applied to the resulting effective Hamiltonian quantitatively accounts for both thermodynamics and kinetics observed in computer simulations, including a barrier to magnetization reversal that grows extensively with system size. For nanocrystals, which break translational symmetry, a straightforward extension of mean field theory yields similarly accurate results.
description: Main text: 9 pages, 10 figures; Supplemental Material: 11 pages, 13 figures
Ausgaben- und Preiselastizitäten der Nahrungsmittelnachfrage auf Basis von Querschnittsdaten: Eine Systemschätzung für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Creators: name: Thiele, Silke
name: Thiele, Silke
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: food demand analysis
subject: expenditure and price elasticities
subject: cross-sectional data
subject: adjusted prices
subject: generalized Heckman procedure
subject: linear expenditure system

description: This study presents a procedure to estimate expenditure and price elasticities of food commodities from cross-sectional data. There are two problems with the use of cross-sectional data: First, priceinformation is not sufficient in these data. To derive “adjusted prices” from cross-sectional data an approach of COX and WOHLGENANT is applied. Second, zero expenditures for some commodity groups can be observed. To avoid selectivity bias a generalization of the HECKMAN procedure is employed. Both, the adjusted prices and the bias correction are included in a Linear Expenditure System. It can be concluded that expenditure and price elasticities could differ significantly between household characteristics. The research results suggest that attempts to use only the mean elasticity coefficient as a description of consumer behaviour without regarding the variances between households might be not appropriate.
EPOCHS IV: SED Modelling Assumptions and their impact on the Stellar Mass Function at 6.5 < z < 13.5 using PEARLS and public JWST observations
Creators: name: Harvey, Thomas
name: Conselice, Christopher J.
name: Adams, Nathan J.
name: Austin, Duncan
name: Juodzbalis, Ignas
name: Trussler, James
name: Li, Qiong
name: Ormerod, Katherine
name: Ferreira, Leonardo
name: Lovell, Christopher C.
name: Duan, Qiao
name: Westcott, Lewi
name: Harris, Honor
name: Bhatawdekar, Rachana
name: Coe, Dan
name: Cohen, Seth H.
name: Caruana, Joseph
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Driver, Simon P.
name: Frye, Brenda
name: Furtak, Lukas J.
name: Grogin, Norman A.
name: Hathi, Nimish P.
name: Holwerda, Benne W.
name: Jansen, Rolf A.
name: Koekemoer, Anton M.
name: Marshall, Madeline A.
name: Nonino, Mario
name: Vijayan, Aswin P.
name: Wilkins, Stephen M.
name: Windhorst, Rogier
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
name: Yan, Haojing
name: Zitrin, Adi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize deep JWST NIRCam observations for the first direct constraints on the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function (GSMF) at $z>10$. Our EPOCHS v1 sample includes 1120 galaxy candidates at $6.5
description: 36 pages, 16 figures. Published in ApJ. Data is avaible on Github: https://github.com/tHarvey303/EpochsIV . Comments to corresponding author welcome at thomas.harvey-3@manchester.ac.uk
Full counting-statistics in a single-electron transistor in the presence of nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of charge
Creators: name: Utsumi, Yasuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Schwinger-Keldysh approach and the drone (Majorana) fermion representation, we evaluate current distribution in a single-electron transistor in a regime where a total tunnel resistance is small. Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of charge induce a lifetime broadening of charge-state level, as well as renormalization of system parameters. We find that the lifetime broadening effect may suppress the probability of relatively large current.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Bosporos and the Steppe Peoples
Creators: name: Olbrycht, Marek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 210302 Asian History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History

description: Marek Jan Olbrycht, Bosporos and the Steppe Peoples, in: Bosporskiy fenomen: sakral’nyy smysl regiona, pamyatnikov, nakhodok, chast 2, Saint-Petersburg 2007, 273-274.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Supersonic Molecular Cloud Turbulence
Creators: name: Kritsuk, Alexei G.
name: Norman, Michael L.
name: Padoan, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We performed a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations of supersonic homogeneous Euler turbulence with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and effective grid resolution up to 1024^3 zones. Our experiments describe non-magnetized driven supersonic turbulent flows with an isothermal equation of state. Mesh refinement on shocks and shear is implemented to cover dynamically important structures with the highest resolution subgrids and calibrated to match the turbulence statistics obtained from the equivalent uniform grid simulations. We found that at a level of resolution slightly below 512^3, when a sufficient integral/dissipation scale separation is first achieved, the fraction of the box volume covered by the AMR subgrids first becomes smaller than unity. At the higher AMR levels subgrids start covering smaller and smaller fractions of the whole volume, which scale with the Reynolds number as Re^{-1/4}. We demonstrate the consistency of this scaling with a hypothesis that the most dynamically important structures in intermittent supersonic turbulence are strong shocks with a fractal dimension of two. We show that turbulence statistics derived from AMR simulations and simulations performed on uniform grids agree surprisingly well, even though only a fraction of the volume is covered by AMR subgrids. Based on these results, we discuss the signature of dissipative structures in the statistical properties of supersonic turbulence and their role in overall flow dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, revised version
$2νββ$-decay to first $2^+$ state with partial isospin symmetry restoration from spherical QRPA calculations
Creators: name: Fang, Dong-Liang
name: Faessler, Amand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With partially restored isospin symmetry, we calculate the nuclear matrix element for a special decay mode of $2νββ$ (two neutrino double beta decay) -- the decay to the first $2^+$ excited states. With the realistic CD-Bonn nuclear force, we analyze the dependence of the nuclear matrix elements on the iso-vector and iso-scalar parts of proton-neutron particle-particle interaction. The dependence on the different nuclear matrix element is observed and the results are explained. We also give the phase space factors with numerical electron wave functions and properly chosen excitation energies. Finally we give our results for the half-lives of this decay mode for different nuclei.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, to be published in Chinese Physics C
Long-lived modulation of plasmonic absorption by ballistic thermal injection
Creators: name: Tomko, John A.
name: Runnerstrom, Evan L.
name: Wang, Yi-Siang
name: Nolen, Joshua R.
name: Olson, David H.
name: Kelley, Kyle P.
name: Cleri, Angela
name: Nordlander, Josh
name: Caldwell, Joshua D.
name: Prezhdo, Oleg V.
name: Maria, Jon-Paul
name: Hopkins, Patrick E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Energy and charge transfer across metal-semiconductor interfaces are the fundamental driving forces for a broad range of applications, such as computing, energy harvesting, and photodetection. However, the exact roles and physical separation of these two phenomena remains unclear, particularly in plasmonically-excited systems or cases of strong nonequilibrium. We report on a series of ultrafast plasmonic measurements that provide a direct measure of electronic distributions, both spatially and temporally, following optical excitation of a metal-semiconductor heterostructure. For the first time, we explicitly show that in cases of strong non-equilibrium, a novel energy transduction mechanism arises at the metal/semiconductor interface. We find that hot electrons in the metal contact transfer their energy to pre-existing electrons in the semiconductor, without transfer of charge. These experimental results findings are well-supported by both rigorous multilayer optical modeling and first-principle, ab initio calculations.
Associació entre xarxes gèniques i malalties del cervell
Creators: name: Garcia, Josep
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Des de la seqüenciació del genoma humà s’han realitzat importants descobriments pel que fa a l’origen de malalties amb base genètica. GWAS (Genome-Wide association study) per exemple, ha identificat nombroses variacions genètiques per a diferents trets observables, tot i que el seu recorregut s’ha mostrat limitat quan les causes d’aquestes malalties tenen base poligènica i en cap cas ens informa de les relacions causals i els mecanismes biològics que hi ha al darrere. La transcriptòmica pretén omplir aquest buit afegint informació sobre com s’expressen els gens i quines xarxes formen per regular el comportament molecular de les cèl·lules en els teixits. Identificar aquestes xarxes en presència de malalties del cervell és l’objectiu principal d’aquell treball. La metodologia ha fet ús de dos repositoris de dades, GWAS i GTEx, i un programari, SPrediXcan. De la trentena de patologies cerebrals analitzades, han mostrat resultats significatius les següents: la malaltia d’Alzheimer, l’anorèxia nerviosa, la depressió major, l’esclerosi múltiple, l’esquizofrènia, l’insomni, la neurosi, el trastorn per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat (ADHD) i el trastorn bipolar. La mida i grau de connectivitat de les xarxes obtingudes són diversos i es faciliten diferents eines de visualització per presentar els resultats.
Ruin probabilities and decompositions for general perturbed risk processes
Creators: name: Huzak, Miljenko
name: Perman, Mihael
name: Sikic, Hrvoje
name: Vondracek, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J25 (Primary) 60G51, 60J75, 60K30, 91B30 (Secondary)

description: We study a general perturbed risk process with cumulative claims modelled by a subordinator with finite expectation, with the perturbation being a spectrally negative Levy process with zero expectation. We derive a Pollaczek-Hinchin type formula for the survival probability of that risk process, and give an interpretation of the formula based on the decomposition of the dual risk process at modified ladder epochs.
Left Temporal Lobe Arachnoid Cyst Presenting with Symptoms of Psychosis
Creators: name: SIDDIQUI, JAVED ATHER
name: QURESHI, SHAZIA FARHEEN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Arachnoid cysts are uncommon benign neurological tumors, and having presentation like schizophrenia, which hasbeen reported in association with this cyst. The presence of psychiatric disturbances of arachnoid cyst has not beenclearly mentioned in the literature. Even though, the appearance of some of the references that focuses on apossible link between arachnoid cysts and psychotic symptoms. Here we present a case report of a 35-year-old man,characterized by the insidious onset of psychotic symptoms of varying intensity such as multiple physical assaultson people with stone. Due to organic suspicion one cannot exclude the possibility that the lesion played asignificant role in this psychiatric presentation.
title: Understanding the sustainability of school interventions to improve students’ health, wellbeing and behaviour
Creators: name: Herlitz, L
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2021

description: Background: The sustainability of school-based health interventions to improve students’ health, wellbeing and behaviour after start-up funding/resources cease has been relatively unexplored compared to health-care. Discontinuing effective interventions prevents new practices from reaching wider student populations and wastes investment in implementation. This thesis examines evidence on whether/how schools sustain health interventions and explores sustainability processes. Method: Empirical studies were systematically reviewed to assess the sustainability of school health interventions. A case-study was conducted of the sustainability of ‘Learning Together’, a bullying-prevention intervention initiated in English secondary schools through an effectiveness trial. The intervention entailed: restorative practice (RP), a staff-student action group, and a curriculum. Qualitative, longitudinal data were collected from five schools: interviews with multiple staff/school, and with students and external facilitators the first-year post-trial; interviews with one staff member/school two years post-trial; and descriptive data from the trial’s process evaluation. Results: Twenty-four studies of eighteen interventions were included in the systematic review. No interventions were sustained entirely; all interventions had some components sustained by some schools/staff, bar one that was discontinued. Key facilitators included commitment from senior leaders, staff observing an improvement in students’ engagement/wellbeing, and confidently delivering valued intervention approaches. Important contextual barriers emerged: the norm of prioritising educational outcomes under time/resource constraints, insufficient funding/resources and ongoing training, and staff turnover. Learning Together was not sustainable two years post-trial. RP had been continued by some individuals in all schools and was sustained at school-level in one school; the curriculum and action groups were discontinued in all schools, though actions initiated by the groups were sustained in two schools. Staff’s experiences of components’ effectiveness compared to existing provision and views of their long-term value affected components’ sustainability. Sustainability depended on staff’s ability to mainstream desired components across the school, which they had little capacity to do. Conclusion: Intervention developers need to support schools to mainstream evidence-based interventions to sustain them at school-level. Methodologically stronger primary research on sustainability and sustainability strategies is needed.
Alexander the Great versus the Iranians – an Alternative Perspective
Creators: name: Olbrycht, Marek
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 210302 Asian History
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History
subject: 220209 History of Ideas
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210306 Classical Greek and Roman History

description: Marek Jan Olbrycht, Alexander the Great versus the Iranians – an Alternative Perspective, Folia Orientalia 42/43, 2006/2007, 159-172.
Correlation between Superconducting Transition Temperature $T_c$ and Increase of Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation Rate Devided by Temperature $1/T_1T$ at $T_c$ in the Hydrate Cobaltate Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}\cdot y$H$_{2}$O
Creators: name: Ihara, Y.
name: Ishida, K.
name: Michioka, C.
name: Kato, M.
name: Yoshimura, K.
name: Takada, K.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Sakurai, H.
name: Takayama-Muromachi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed Co-nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) studies on Na$_{x}$CoO$_{2}\cdot y$H$_{2}$O compounds with different Na ($x$) and hydrate ($y$) contents. Two samples with different Na contents but nearly the same $T_c$ values ($x$ = 0.348, $T_c$ = 4.7 K ; $x$ = 0.339, $T_c$ = 4.6 K) were investigated. The spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1$ in the superconducting (SC) and normal states is almost the same for the two samples except just above $T_c$. NQR measurements were also performed on different-hydrate-content samples with different $T_c$ values, which were prepared from the same Na-content ($x$ = 0.348) sample. From measurements of $1/T_1$ using the different-hydrate-content samples, it was found that a low-$T_c$ sample with $T_c = 3.9$ K has a larger residual density of states (DOS) in the SC state and a smaller increase of $1/T_1T$ just above $T_c$ than a high-$T_c$ sample with $T_c$ = 4.7 K. The former behavior is consistent with that observed in unconventional superconductors, and the latter suggests the relationship between $T_c$ and the increase in DOS just above $T_c$. This increase, which is seemingly associated with the two-dimensionality of the CoO$_2$ plane, is considered to be one of the most important factors for the occurrence of superconductivity.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, To be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Adaptation to Climate Change: Land Use and Livestock Management Change in the U.S.
Creators: name: Mu, Jianhong H.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Mu, Jianhong H.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Climate Change
subject: Stocking Rate
subject: Land Use
subject: Livestock Management

description: This paper examines possible expected climate adaptations in a U.S. land use and livestock context. By using a Fractional Multinomial Logit model, we find that climate variables are affecting the allocation of land use by reducing crop land and increasing pasture land. Our projections indicate that more cropping land would be altered to livestock land under climate change. In addition, cattle stocking rate could increase by the end of this century along with more pasture land or less cattle inventory because of higher temperature.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 01/26/11
Formal Error Bounds for the State Space Reduction of Markov Chains
Creators: name: Michel, Fabian
name: Siegle, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.3
subject: 60J22

description: We study the approximation of a Markov chain on a reduced state space, for both discrete- and continuous-time Markov chains. In this context, we extend the existing theory of formal error bounds for the approximated transient distributions. As a special case, we consider aggregated (or lumped) Markov chains, where the state space reduction is achieved by partitioning the state space into macro states. In the discrete-time setting, we bound the stepwise increment of the error, and in the continuous-time setting, we bound the rate at which the error grows. In addition, the same error bounds can also be applied to bound how far an approximated stationary distribution is from stationarity. Subsequently, we compare these error bounds with relevant concepts from the literature, such as exact and ordinary lumpability, as well as deflatability and aggregatability. These concepts define stricter than necessary conditions to identify settings in which the aggregation error is zero. We also consider possible algorithms for finding suitable aggregations for which the formal error bounds are low, and we analyse first experiments with these algorithms on a range of different models.
description: 44 pages
Electron-deuteron scattering in the equal-time formalism: beyond the impulse approximation
Creators: name: Phillips, D. R.
name: Wallace, S. J.
name: Devine, N. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a three-dimensional formalism that includes relativistic kinematics, the effects of negative-energy states, approximate boosts of the two-body system, and current conservation, we calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron up to Q^2 of 4 GeV^2. This is done using a dynamical boost for two-body systems with spin. We first compute form factors in impulse approxmation, but then also add an isoscalar meson-exchange current of pion range that involves the gamma-pi contact operator associated with pseudovector pi-N coupling. We also consider effects of the rho-pi-gamma meson-exchange current. The experimentally measured quantities A, B, and t20 are calculated over the kinematic range probed in recent Jefferson Laboratory experiments. The rho-pi-gamma meson-exchange current provides significant strength in A at large Q^2 and the gamma-pi contact-term exchange current shifts t20, providing good agreement with the JLab data. Relativistic effects and the gamma-pi meson-exchange current do not provide an explanation of the B observable, but the rho-pi-gamma current could help to provide agreement if a nonstandard value is used for the tensor rho-N coupling that enters this contribution.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. (v2) Added references on rho-pi-gamma current as well as comparison to recent Novosibirsk data on T20. Implemented \includegraphics in place of \BoxedEPSF. (v3) Modified in order to clarify the nature of the boost we implemented for particles with spin. Other minor changes. Version to be published in Physical Review C
Probing new bosons and nuclear structure with ytterbium isotope shifts
Creators: name: Door, Menno
name: Yeh, Chih-Han
name: Heinz, Matthias
name: Kirk, Fiona
name: Lyu, Chunhai
name: Miyagi, Takayuki
name: Berengut, Julian C.
name: Bieroń, Jacek
name: Blaum, Klaus
name: Dreissen, Laura S.
name: Eliseev, Sergey
name: Filianin, Pavel
name: Filzinger, Melina
name: Fuchs, Elina
name: Fürst, Henning A.
name: Gaigalas, Gediminas
name: Harman, Zoltán
name: Herkenhoff, Jost
name: Huntemann, Nils
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
name: Kromer, Kathrin
name: Lange, Daniel
name: Rischka, Alexander
name: Schweiger, Christoph
name: Schwenk, Achim
name: Shimizu, Noritaka
name: Mehlstäubler, Tanja E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we present mass-ratio measurements on highly charged Yb$^{42+}$ ions with a precision of $4\times 10^{-12}$ and isotope-shift measurements on Yb$^{+}$ on the $^{2}$S$_{1/2}$ $\to$ $^{2}$D$_{5/2}$ and $^{2}$S$_{1/2}$ $\to$ $^{2}$F$_{7/2}$ transitions with a precision of $4\times 10^{-9}$ for the isotopes $^{168,170,172,174,176}$Yb. We present a new method that allows us to extract higher-order changes in the nuclear charge distribution along the Yb isotope chain, benchmarking ab-initio nuclear structure calculations. Additionally, we perform a King plot analysis to set bounds on a fifth force in the keV$/c^2$ to MeV$/c^2$ range coupling to electrons and neutrons.