Paraulax queulensis Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis
name: Liljeblad, Johan
name: Nieves, María Hernández
name: Grez, Audrey
name: Nylander, Johan A. A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Cynipidae
Paraulax
Paraulax queulensis

description: Paraulax queulensis Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad sp. nov.
(Figs. 4 A–H & 10C–D)
Type material. Holotype Ƥ (in Museo Chileno de Historia Natural, Santiago de Chile, card mounted), CHILE, El Maule, VII Región, Cauquenes, Reserva Nacional Los Queules, 35º59´10´´S, 72º42´30´´O, 420 m; caught with a Malaise trap operating in a fragment of native forest, 21.ix/ 23.x.2005. J.L. Nieves-Aldrey & A. Grez leg. Paratypes: 13 same data as holotype, except collected 22/08-27/09 -2006. In MNCN; 13, Chile, Talca, Altos de Vilches. 18-25/X/1964, C. C. Porter leg. (MCZC). 1Ƥ, Chile, Villarrica, Flor del Lago Ranch, canopy fogging of Nothofagus obliqua, 12/XII/2001, Arias et al. leg. (UCRC).
Etymology. Named after the locality where it was collected, Reserva Nacional Los Queules.
Diagnosis. Closely allied to P. p e r p l e x a being similar in color, habitus and a majority of morphological characters. Differs by a more elongate body (Figs. 4 A & 10C), in the female 4 times longer than high; mesosoma 1.6 longer than high and metasoma 1.9 longer than high. Mesosoma also more dorsoventrally depressed (Fig. 4 A). Pronotum laterally 1.5 longer than high (only 1.1 in P. perplexa). Longitudinal costulae running from lateral margin of pronotal plate to lateral surface of pronotum conspicuous and longer in P. queulensis (Fig. 4 B). Sculpture of mesoscutum coriaceous, striate (Fig. 4 C). Scutellar foveae more or less discernible even if shallow (Fig. 4 C). Mesopleural horizontal impression in lower part of mesopleuron meeting anterior margin of mesopleuron at a point further from meeting of anterior mesopleural margin and posterior pronotal margin (Fig. 4 B). Radial cell relatively long; 4.5 times longer than wide (Fig. 4 H). Antenna also differing; pedicel of female antenna 1.4 times longer than wide, as long as F1; F2 of male antenna not abruptly expanded towards apex, only excavated at base with F3 similar to F2 (Fig. 4 G) (these two segments not at all like in males of P. p e r p l e x a).
Description. Body length 2.1 mm (N = 1) for females; 2.5 mm (N = 1) for males. Color of body, coxae and first two antennomeres in both sexes black; antennal flagellum, tarsi, pro and mesotibia and apex of femora dark brown. Forewing hyaline, veins brown.
Female. Head, in dorsal view 1.9 times wider than long. Gena slightly expanded behind compound eye. POL 1.7 times longer than OOL, posterior ocellus separated from inner orbit of eye by about 2 times its diameter. Head in anterior view more or less oval. Face with sparse setation, denser in lower face; strong facial strigae radiating from clypeus, laterally reaching ventral margin of eye and centrally almost reaching ventral margin of toruli; vertical median carina absent. Upper face (frons) and vertex with shining coriaceous sculpture. Clypeus indistinct, more or less rectangular; ventral margin slightly projecting over mandibles. Subocular impression present though not well marked. About 10 regular vertical carinae present ventrolaterally in depression on gena (Fig. 4 B). Occiput dorsally pubescent with coriaceous-alutaceous sculpture.
Antenna (Fig. 4 F) 0.6 times length of body, with 12 antennomeres; flagellum slightly widened towards apex; antennal segments with coriaceous sculpture and setae not longer than width of a segment. Placodeal s en sil la v isi ble on ly on fla ge lla r se gm e nt s F7–F10. R a tio of a n ten na l se gm e nt len gt hs: 15:10:9:15:16:16:14:12:12:13:12:31; pedicel 1.4 times longer than wide; as long as F1; F1 2.2 times longer than wide. Apical flagellomere spindle-shaped, 3 times longer than wide, 1.4 times wider than penultimate, not truncate at apex.
Mesosoma. Pronotum, anterior view, almost glabrous in median area, strongly pubescent laterally. Pronotal plate distinct, dorsal part distinctly set off, anterolateral margins prominent and moderately projecting laterally. Pronotum in lateral view 1.5 times longer than high. Lateral surface of pronotum coriaceous, with a few strong, long rugae running horizontally from lateral margin of pronotal plate to posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 4 B).
Mesonotum. Mesoscutum as wide as long; sculpture coriaceous-striate, more prominent on lateral lobe (Fig. 4 C). Median mesoscutal impression indicated only close to transscutal fissure. Notauli percurrent, straight and narrow, converging posteriorly.Separation of notauli posteriorly at transscutal fissure 1/3 of separation at anterior margin of mesoscutum. Anteroadmedian signa just visible. Scutellar foveae discernible (Fig. 4 C), shallow, with some rugae, confluent, indistinctly separated. Scutellum in dorsal view with strong transverse rugae, more irregular in posterior 1/5 of scutellum. Mesopleuron (Fig. 4 B) with a marked longitudinal impression, complete from anterior to posterior margins of mesopleuron. Some irregular longitudinal striae and area of coriaceous sculpture present above mesopleural impression. Smooth area ventral to mesopleural impression. Mesopleural triangle rhomboidal, distinctly impressed and densely pubescent; its dorsal margin diffuse at anterior end, not meeting area near prepectus but meeting posterolateral margin of pronotum well below prepectus.
Metanotum (Fig. 4 C). Metascutellum distinctly constricted in median area. Area posterior to median constriction of metascutellum not divided by a median vertical bar. Metascutellum as wide as a metanotal trough at center. Metanotal trough smooth, pubescent.
Lateral propodeal carinae narrow, parallel, subdivided into irregular carinae near nucha. Lateral and median propodeal areas smooth, pubescent. Nucha dorsally with strong, irregular longitudinal rugae.
Legs. Profemur with ventral swelling in basal third, with 4–5 rows of sharp, closely spaced, deep costulae. Metatarsal claws with basal acute lobe or tooth, about one fifth of length of apical tooth (Fig. 4 D).
Forewing (Fig. 4 H), slightly longer than body. Radial cell closed along anterior margin, 4.4 times longer than wide; R1 slightly depigmented along posterior one half of radial cell; radius (Rs) straight, reaching anterior margin of wing. Areolet absent; vein Rs+M and M invisible. Fringe of long setae along apical margin of wing.
Metasoma. Metasoma (Fig. 4 A) slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma; in lateral view 1.7 times longer than high; laterally compressed. Abdominal petiole dorsally smooth, ventrally with deep longitudinal grooves; about as long as high. T2 smooth and shining, covering about half of metasoma; anteromedian area of T2 with only 4–5 long setae. Projecting part of hypopygial spine 4 times longer than high; apical pubescence of hypopigial spine projecting beyond apex, subapical setae longer than apical ones, forming a small tuft (Fig. 4 E).
Male. Similar to female except for the following: Antenna (Fig. 4 G) with 15 antennomeres. Flagellum not widened towards apex. F1 cylindrical, 1.6 longer than pedicel; F2 and F3 excavated and curved in basal third; not expanded towards apex; outer apical margin of flagellum straight; about 2.5 times longer than pedicel. Relative length of antennomeres: 15:10:16:24:24:20:18:17:16:15:16:15:14:13:15. Placodeal sensillae present on all flagellomeres except F1, arranged in a row of 4–5 sensillae on each flagellomere.
Distribution. Chile, From Talca, in the north, to Villarrica (Fig. 15). As P. p e r p l e x a, it seems to be associated with Nothofagus obliqua forests.
Biology. Unknown. Likely associated with galls induced by Espinosa on N. obliqua.
Flight period is late winter and early spring like P. p e r p l e x a (viii, ix and x).
description: Published as part of Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis, Liljeblad, Johan, Nieves, María Hernández, Grez, Audrey & Nylander, Johan A. A., 2009, Revision and phylogenetics of the genus Paraulax Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) with biological notes and description of a new tribe, a new genus, and five new species, pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2200 on pages 13-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.189597