cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Cultural Distance on Labour Force Participation Rate of Immigrants in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Zagala, Helena
name: Muthukrishna, Michael
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The economic situation of immigrants represents an important topic for psychologists, economists, and policymakers. Although findings suggest that immigrants make a positive overall fiscal contribution to their host countries (Dustmann & Frattini, 2014), there is a need for further study of the factors that could explain and predict their economic situation. One factor that has recently attracted considerable attention of this field is culture. With the recent support for the relationship between cultural diversity and innovation (Schimmelpfennig et al., 2021), social connectedness and trade flows (Bailey et al., 2021), and cultural attitudes and labour market outcomes (Algan et al, 2012), cultural variables are an important factor. Still, while some findings emerge, little is still known about the effects of the “cultural clash” between the immigrants’ country of birth and the country of migration on their labour force participation. Recent theoretical advancement on the acculturation and collective brain models offer opportunities for new analyses. In recent years, Muthukrishna and colleagues proposed a new measure for the cross-cultural psychological differences between societies – cultural distance (CFST). By stressing the importance of distribution and variation in traits, treating cultural attributes in a similar manner to genetically transmitted traits, CFST offers a novel method for the identification of cultural groupings and analysis of differences on cultural dimensions. Moving beyond the study of mere mean differences, it offers a robust and theoretically justifiable method for the high-resolution measurement of cultural distance (Muthukrishna et al., 2020). By utilizing this novel measure, this study aims to investigate if the cultural distance can explain the differences in labour force participation of immigrants in the UK. By focusing directly on the economic activity, this research seeks to contribute important insights into the factors predicting migrants’ fiscal contribution. As such, it aims to provide additional predictive power for economic analyses, better understanding of barriers to full employment, and new arguments for the introduction of targeted psychological interventions.
Signatures of irreversibility in microscopic models of flocking
Creators: name: Ferretti, Federica
name: Grosse-Holz, Simon
name: Holmes, Caroline
name: Shivers, Jordan L
name: Giardina, Irene
name: Mora, Thierry
name: Walczak, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flocking in $d=2$ is a genuine non-equilibrium phenomenon for which irreversibility is an essential ingredient. We study a class of minimal flocking models whose only source of irreversibility is self-propulsion and use the entropy production rate (EPR) to quantify the departure from equilibrium across their phase diagrams. The EPR is maximal in the vicinity of the order-disorder transition, where reshuffling of the interaction network is fast. We show that signatures of irreversibility come in the form of asymmetries in the steady state distribution of the flock's microstates. They occur as consequences of the time reversal symmetry breaking in the considered self-propelled systems, independently of the interaction details. In the case of metric pairwise forces, they reduce to local asymmetries in the distribution of pairs of particles. This study suggests a possible use of pair asymmetries both to quantify the departure from equilibrium and to learn relevant information about aligning interaction potentials from data.
description: 8 pages + Appendix; 6 figures
Non-stationary filtered shot noise processes and applications to neuronal membranes
Creators: name: Brigham, Marco
name: Destexhe, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Filtered shot noise processes have proven to be very effective in modelling the evolution of systems exposed to stochastic shot noise sources, and have been applied to a wide variety of fields ranging from electronics through biology. In particular, they can model the membrane potential Vm of neurons driven by stochastic input, where these filtered processes are able to capture the non-stationary characteristics of Vm fluctuations in response to pre-synaptic input with variable rate. In this paper, we apply the general framework of Poisson Point Processes transformations to analyse these systems in the general case of variable input rate. We obtain exact analytic expressions, and very accurate approximations, for the joint cumulants of filtered shot noise processes with multiplicative noise. These general results are then applied to a model of neuronal membranes subject to conductance shot noise with continuously variable rate of pre-synaptic spikes. We propose very effective approximations for the time evolution of Vm distribution and simple method to estimate the pre-synaptic rate from a small number of Vm traces. This work opens the perspective of obtaining analytic access to important statistical properties of conductance-based neuronal models such as the the first passage time.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
Setting Your Data in Context – with PIDs
Creators: name: Hercher, Johannes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIR
linked data
data integration

description: Research objects (database entries) can be contextualized with open data from the Internet by using the Linked Data approach. A dataset of 4174 lecturers from Freie Universität Berlin (coverage period: 1948-2011) was reconciled with 3029 persistent identifiers (PIDs) from the Common German Library File (GND) and 1084 Wikidata entries. A simple workflow is used here to enrich the matched records with additional facts from Wikidata (e.g., birth and death dates and occupations). While Wikidata has become very popular for data analysis, integration, and visualization, it can be overlooked that the facts available there can be incomplete or erroneous. Official agencies, such as the Free University Archives, should strive to supplement open datasets with their knowledge. A corresponding approach is therefore suggested and should be the subject of future efforts.
Compressed Hierarchical Representations for Multi-Task Learning and Task Clustering
Creators: name: de Freitas, João Machado
name: Berg, Sebastian
name: Geiger, Bernhard C.
name: Mücke, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we frame homogeneous-feature multi-task learning (MTL) as a hierarchical representation learning problem, with one task-agnostic and multiple task-specific latent representations. Drawing inspiration from the information bottleneck principle and assuming an additive independent noise model between the task-agnostic and task-specific latent representations, we limit the information contained in each task-specific representation. It is shown that our resulting representations yield competitive performance for several MTL benchmarks. Furthermore, for certain setups, we show that the trained parameters of the additive noise model are closely related to the similarity of different tasks. This indicates that our approach yields a task-agnostic representation that is disentangled in the sense that its individual dimensions may be interpretable from a task-specific perspective.
description: Accepted by the 2022 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2022)
Lateralisation of eye use in learning crypsis-breaking skin-pattern responses in Sepia officinalis
Creators: name: Wright, Nathaniel
name: Clayton, Nicola
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences

description: Investigating whether visual lateralisation in Sepia officinalis is accompanied by asymmetries in skin-pattern learning in the context of learnt crypsis-breaking skin-pattern responses.
Molecular cavity optomechanics: a theory of plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering
Creators: name: Roelli, Philippe
name: Galland, Christophe
name: Piro, Nicolas
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional explanation of plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering attributes the enhancement to the antenna effect focusing the electromagnetic field into sub-wavelength volumes. Here we introduce a new model that additionally accounts for the dynamical and coherent nature of the plasmon-molecule interaction and thereby reveals an enhancement mechanism not contemplated before: dynamical backaction amplification of molecular vibrations. We first map the problem onto the canonical model of cavity optomechanics, in which the molecular vibration and the plasmon are \textit{parametrically coupled}. The optomechanical coupling rate, from which we derive the Raman cross section, is computed from the molecules Raman activities and the plasmonic field distribution. When the plasmon decay rate is comparable or smaller than the vibrational frequency and the excitation laser is blue-detuned from the plasmon onto the vibrational sideband, the resulting delayed feedback force can lead to efficient parametric amplification of molecular vibrations. The optomechanical theory provides a quantitative framework for the calculation of enhanced cross-sections, recovers known results, and enables the design of novel systems that leverage dynamical backaction to achieve additional, mode-selective enhancement. It yields a new understanding of plasmon-enhanced Raman scattering and opens a route to molecular quantum optomechanics.
description: Extensively revised and improved version thanks to the hard work and constructive comments of a careful Referee. Includes Supplemental Material
Optimizing measurement-based cooling by reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Yan, Jia-shun
name: Jing, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conditional cooling-by-measurement holds a significant advantage over its unconditional (nonselective) counterpart in the average-population-reduction rate. However, it has a clear weakness with respect to the limited success probability of finding the detector in the measured state. In this work, we propose an optimized architecture to cool down a target resonator, which is initialized as a thermal state, using an interpolation of conditional and unconditional measurement strategies. An optimal measurement-interval $τ_{\rm opt}^u$ for unconditional measurement is analytically derived for the first time, which is inversely proportional to the collective dominant Rabi frequency $Ω_d$ as a function of the resonator's population in the end of the last round. A cooling algorithm under global optimization by the reinforcement learning results in the maximum value for the cooperative cooling performance, an indicator to measure the comprehensive cooling efficiency for arbitrary cooling-by-measurement architecture. In particular, the average population of the target resonator under only $16$ rounds of measurements can be reduced by four orders in magnitude with a success probability about $30\%$.
Probing Rotation of Core-collapse Supernova with Concurrent Analysis of Gravitational Waves and Neutrinos
Creators: name: Yokozawa, Takaaki
name: Asano, Mitsuhiro
name: Kayano, Tsubasa
name: Suwa, Yudai
name: Kanda, Nobuyuki
name: Koshio, Yusuke
name: Vagins, Mark R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next time a core-collapse supernova (SN) explodes in our galaxy, vari- ous detectors will be ready and waiting to detect its emissions of gravitational waves (GWs) and neutrinos. Current numerical simulations have successfully introduced multi-dimensional effects to produce exploding SN models, but thus far the explosion mechanism is not well understood. In this paper, we focus on an investigation of progenitor core rotation via comparison of the start time of GW emission and that of the neutronization burst. The GW and neutrino de- tectors are assumed to be, respectively, the KAGRA detector and a co-located gadolinium-loaded water Cherenkov detector, either EGADS or GADZOOKS!. Our detection simulation studies show that for a nearby supernova (0.2 kpc) we can confirm the lack of core rotation close to 100% of the time, and the presence of core rotation about 90% of the time. Using this approach there is also po- tential to confirm rotation for considerably more distant Milky Way supernova explosions.
description: 31pages, 15figures, submit to ApJ
Role of the state and responsibility in governing artificial intelligence: a comparative analysis of AI strategies
Creators: name: Djeffal, Christian
name: Siewert, Markus B.
name: Wurster, Stefan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) represent a crucial governance challenge for policymakers. This study contributes to the understanding of how states plan to govern AI with respect to the role they assume and to the way they develop AI in a responsible manner. In different policy instruments across 22 countries plus the European Union, there is considerable variation in how governments approach the governance of AI, both regarding the policy measures proposed and their focus on public responsibility. Analysing a set of policy instruments we find multiple modes of AI governance, with the major difference being between self-regulation-promoting and market-based approaches, and a combination of entrepreneurial and regulatory governance approaches. Our analysis also indicates that the approach to public responsibility is largely independent of the chosen policy mix of AI governance. Therefore, responsibility seems to be a cross-cutting issue that cannot be tied to a specific approach of states towards technology.
Additional data from lineup study: Demographics, study information and debrief, perpetrator descriptions and control task responses
Creators: name: Holdstock, Juliet
name: Boogert, Stewart
name: May, Keith
name: Dalton, Polly
name: Mickes, Laura
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology

description: The lineup decision results from this study have been published in Holdstock et al. (2022) https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-022-00399-1. The data reported in that paper and the code used to analyse it are available at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7EA23. This component of the project comprises data files containing (1) demographic information for the study participants, (2) perpetrator descriptions (provided by half of the participants in each age group), (3) lists of capital cities and corresponding countries, i.e., control task responses (provided by the other half of the participants in each age group), (4) the information sheet and consent form, and the debrief sheet for the study.
Virasoro constraints and topological recursion for Grothendieck's dessin counting
Creators: name: Kazarian, Maxim
name: Zograf, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We compute the number of coverings of ${\mathbb{C}}P^1\setminus\{0, 1, \infty\}$ with a given monodromy type over $\infty$ and given numbers of preimages of 0 and 1. We show that the generating function for these numbers enjoys several remarkable integrability properties: it obeys the Virasoro constraints, an evolution equation, the KP (Kadomtsev-Petviashvili) hierarchy and satisfies a topological recursion in the sense of Eynard-Orantin.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures; extended version
Multilevel simulation of hard-sphere mixtures
Creators: name: Rohrbach, Paul B.
name: Kobayashi, Hideki
name: Scheichl, Robert
name: Wilding, Nigel B.
name: Jack, Robert L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multilevel Monte Carlo simulation method for analysing multi-scale physical systems via a hierarchy of coarse-grained representations, to obtain numerically-exact results, at the most detailed level. We apply the method to a mixture of size-asymmetric hard spheres, in the grand canonical ensemble. A three-level version of the method is compared with a previously-studied two-level version. The extra level interpolates between the full mixture and a coarse-grained description where only the large particles are present -- this is achieved by restricting the small particles to regions close to the large ones. The three-level method improves the performance of the estimator, at fixed computational cost. We analyse the asymptotic variance of the estimator, and discuss the mechanisms for the improved performance.
description: 24 pages, authors' accepted version
Exponentially small quantum correction to conductance
Creators: name: Oliveira, Lucas H.
name: Bento, Pedro H. S.
name: Novaes, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When time-reversal symmetry is broken, the average conductance through a chaotic cavity, from an entrance lead with $N_1$ open channels to an exit lead with $N_2$ open channels, is given by $N_1N_2/M$, where $M=N_1+N_2$. We show that, when tunnel barriers of reflectivity $γ$ are placed on the leads, two correction terms appear in the average conductance, and that one of them is proportional to $γ^{M}$. Since $M\sim \hbar^{-1}$, this correction is exponentially small in the semiclassical limit. Surprisingly, we derive this term from a semiclassical approximation, generally expected to give only leading orders in powers of $\hbar$. Even though the theory is built perturbatively both in $γ$ and in $1/M$, the final result is exact.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Limit behaviour of $μ-$equicontinuous cellular automata
Creators: name: García-Ramos, Felipe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37A05, 37B05, 37B10, 37B15, 37B50

description: The concept of $μ-$equicontinuity was introduced by Gilman to classify cellular automata. We show that under some conditions the sequence of Cesaro averages of a measure $μ,$ converge under the actions of a $μ-$equicontinuous CA. We address questions raised by Blanchard-Tisseur on whether the limit measure is either shift-ergodic, a uniform Bernoulli measure or ergodic with respect to the CA. Many of our results hold for CA on multidimensional subshifts.
description: to appear in Theoretical Computer Science
Does credit availability mitigate domestic conflict?
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Prasad
name: Roy Chowdhury, Prabal
name: Rahman, Md Habibur
Publisher: name: Deakin University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economics

description: This is a peer-reviewed journal article with the journal ranaked as an A journal in the Faculty of Business and Law, Deakin University journal ranking list.
Constraining spatial curvature with large-scale structure
Creators: name: Bel, Julien
name: Larena, Julien
name: Maartens, Roy
name: Marinoni, Christian
name: Perenon, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the clustering of matter on large scales in an extension of the concordance model that allows for spatial curvature. We develop a consistent approach to curvature and wide-angle effects on the galaxy 2-point correlation function in redshift space. In particular we derive the Alcock-Paczynski distortion of $fσ_{8}$, which differs significantly from empirical models in the literature. A key innovation is the use of the `Clustering Ratio', which probes clustering in a different way to redshift-space distortions, so that their combination delivers more powerful cosmological constraints. We use this combination to constrain cosmological parameters, without CMB information. In a curved Universe, we find that $Ω_{{\rm m}, 0}=0.26\pm 0.04$ (68\% CL). When the clustering probes are combined with low-redshift background probes -- BAO and SNIa -- we obtain a CMB-independent constraint on curvature: $Ω_{K,0} = 0.0041\,_{-0.0504}^{+0.0500}$. We find no Bayesian evidence that the flat concordance model can be rejected. In addition we show that the sound horizon at decoupling is $r_{\rm d} = 144.57 \pm 2.34 \; {\rm Mpc}$, in agreement with its measurement from CMB anisotropies. As a consequence, the late-time Universe is compatible with flat $Λ$CDM and a standard sound horizon, leading to a small value of $H_{0}$, {\em without} assuming any CMB information. Clustering Ratio measurements produce the only low-redshift clustering data set that is not in disagreement with the CMB, and combining the two data sets we obtain $Ω_{K,0}= -0.023 \pm 0.010$.
description: 40 pages; 13 figures; Version accepted by JCAP
Associations between workplace LGB+ disclosure and discrimination, organizational LGB+ climate, job satisfaction, and mental health: Study protocol of a systematic review and multiverse meta-analysis
Creators: name: Siegel, Magdalena
name: Wahl, Ingrid
name: Hagelstein, Jens
name: Einwiller, Sabine
name: Stibor, Raphaela
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
subject: Gender, Race, Sexuality, and Ethnicity in Communication
subject: Organizational Communication
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Study protocol and supplements
Fabry-Perot and Aharonov-Bohm interference in ideal graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Ihnatsenka, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-mechanical calculations of electron magneto-transport in ideal graphene nanoribbons are presented. In noninteracting theory, it is predicted that an ideal ribbon that is attached to wide leads should reveal Fabry-Perot conductance oscillations in magnetic field. In the theory with Coulomb interaction taken into account, the oscillation pattern should rather be determined by the Aharonov-Bohm interference effect. Both of these theories predict the formation of quasi-bound states, albeit of different structures, inside the ribbon because of strong electron scattering on the interfaces between the connecting ribbon and the leads. Conductance oscillations are a result of resonant backscattering via these quasi-bound states.
description: Recalculated Hartree DOS, minor updates
Blog #1: How SECANT stores and shares Cyber Threat Intelligence
Creators: name: Arnolnt Spyros
name: Tavernarakis, Alexandros
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: cybersecurity
healthcare

description: Cyber security intelligence data plays a critical role in safeguarding our digital world from cyber
 threats. By collecting, analysing, and interpreting vast amounts of data from various sources, cyber security
 professionals can identify potential threats, vulnerabilities, and attack patterns and take proactive measures to
 mitigate risks. However, cyber security intelligence data is only useful when it is relevant, accurate, and timely.
 Indeed, the SECANT consortium takes into account this reality and has a rigid and thorough strategy to gather,
 enrich and share accurate CTI.
On dynamics and bifurcations of area-preserving maps with homoclinic tangencies
Creators: name: Delshams, Amadeu
name: Gonchenko, Marina
name: Gonchenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study bifurcations of area-preserving maps, both orientable (symplectic) and non-orientable, with quadratic homoclinic tangencies. We consider one and two parameter general unfoldings and establish results related to the appearance of elliptic periodic orbits. In particular, we find conditions for such maps to have infinitely many generic (KAM-stable) elliptic periodic orbits of all successive periods starting at some number.
description: 45 pages, 18 figures
Excitations and spectra from equilibrium real-time Green's functions
Creators: name: Dong, Xinyang
name: Gull, Emanuel
name: Strand, Hugo U. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The real-time contour formalism for Green's functions provides time-dependent information of quantum many-body systems. In practice, the long-time simulation of systems with a wide range of energy scales is challenging due to both the storage requirements of the discretized Green's function and the computational cost of solving the Dyson equation. In this manuscript, we apply a real-time discretization based on a piece-wise high-order orthogonal-polynomial expansion to address these issues. We present a superconvergent algorithm for solving the real-time equilibrium Dyson equation using the Legendre spectral method and the recursive algorithm for Legendre convolution. We show that the compact high order discretization in combination with our Dyson solver enables long-time simulations using far fewer discretization points than needed in conventional multistep methods. As a proof of concept, we compute the molecular spectral functions of H$_2$, LiH, He$_2$ and C$_6$H$_4$O$_2$ using self-consistent second-order perturbation theory and compare the results with standard quantum chemistry methods as well as the auxiliary second-order Green's function perturbation theory method.
Protocol for sampling small plastics on sandy beaches (Guía metodológica para muestrear plásticos pequeños en playas de arena)
Creators: name: Científicos de la Basura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Methodological guide in Spanish elaborated by the citizen science program Científicos de la Basura for sampling small plastics on sandy beaches. This guide was used in the “First Small Plastic Debris Sampling on Chilean Beaches” conducted all along the Chilean coast in 2011. The results of that sampling were reported in Hidalgo-Ruz & Thiel (2013).
A self-consistent wave description of axion miniclusters and their survival in the galaxy
Creators: name: Dandoy, Virgile
name: Schwetz, Thomas
name: Todarello, Elisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a solution of the Schrödinger-Poisson system based on the WKB ansatz for the wave function. In this way we obtain a description of a gravitationally bound clump of axion dark matter by a superposition of energy eigenstates with random phases. It can be applied to any self-consistent pair of radial density distribution and phase space density $f(E)$ related by Eddington's formula. We adopt this as a model for axion miniclusters in our galaxy and use it to study the mass loss due to a star encounter by using standard perturbation theory methods known from quantum mechanics. Finally, we perform a Monte Carlo study to estimate the surviving fraction of axion miniclusters in the dark matter halo of our galaxy. We find that the reaction to perturbations and the survival probability depend crucially on the density profile. Weakly bound clusters are heated up and eventually destroyed, whereas more strongly bound systems get even more compact as a result of perturbations and are driven towards an axion star configuration.
description: Minor changes. Matches published version
Quantum heat engine based on a spin-orbit and Zeeman-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Li, Jing
name: Sherman, E. Ya
name: Ruschhaupt, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the potential of a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate for thermodynamic cycles. For this purpose we propose a quantum heat engine based on a condensate with spin-orbit and Zeeman coupling as a working medium. The cooling and heating are simulated by contacts of the condensate with an external magnetized media and demagnetized media. We examine the condensate ground state energy and its dependence on the strength of the synthetic spin-orbit and Zeeman couplings and interatomic interaction. Then we study the efficiency of the proposed engine. The cycle has a critical value of spin-orbit coupling related to the engine maximum efficiency.
description: 6 pages and 5 figures
Development of the CAMELOT approach for considering methodological limitations of qualitative research in the context of GRADE-CERQual and qualitative evidence syntheses – protocol
Creators: name: Munthe-Kaas, Heather Menzies
name: Sommer, Isolde
name: Noyes, Jane
name: Cooper, Sara
name: Garside, Ruth
name: Hannes, Karin
name: Booth, Andrew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: methodological limitations, qualitative research, qualitative evidence synthesis, systematic mapping, framework synthesis, GRADE-CERQual, critical appraisal

description: Project aim  The aim of the CAMELOT project is to identify or develop an evidence-informed approach to critically appraise primary qualitative research within the context of qualitative evidence synthesis and to support the assessment of the GRADE-CERQual methodological limitations domain. Research questions What are the existing critical appraisal checklists and tools for primary qualitative research? Which criteria are included in existing critical appraisal tools? What is the evidence that criteria included in existing critical appraisal tools are good indicators of trustworthiness or rigor of qualitative research? What is the consensus of relevant stakeholders on key criteria for critically appraising primary qualitative research within the context of qualitative evidence synthesis and GRADE-CERQual?
Description of male Tritodynamia serratipes Anker & Ng, 2014 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Macrophthalmidae) from Singapore
Creators: name: Ng, Peter K. L.
name: Clark, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum
Year: 2023
Subjects: Tritodynamia serratipes male characters
variation in proportions
sexual dimorphism
Southeast Asia

description: Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 71(71), 87-91
Reduced-scaling double hybrid DFT with rapid basis set convergence through localized pair natural orbital F12
Creators: name: Mehta, Nisha
name: Martin, Jan M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following earlier work [Mehta, N.; Martin, J. M. L.; J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2022, 18, acs.jctc.2c00426] that showed how the slow basis set convergence of double hybrid density functional theory can be obviated by the use of F12 explicit correlation in the GLPT2 step (second order Görling-Levy perturbation theory), we demonstrate here, for the very large and chemically diverse GMTKN55 benchmark suite, and using the B2GP-PLYP-D3BJ functional as a proof of principle, that the CPU time scaling of this step can be reduced (asymptotically linearized) using the PNO-L (pair natural orbitals, localized) approximation, at negligible cost in accuracy.
description: Published version [Open Access CC:BY 4.0]
The distribution of gaps for saddle connections on the octagon
Creators: name: Uyanik, Caglar
name: Work, Grace
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32G15, 37D40, 14H55

description: We explicitly compute the limiting gap distribution for slopes of saddle connections on the flat surface associated to the regular octagon with opposite sides identified. This is the first such computation where the Veech group of the translation surface has multiple cusps. We also show how to parametrize a Poincaré section for the horocycle flow on $SL(2,\mathbb{R})/SL(X,ω)$ associated to an arbitrary Veech surface $(X, ω)$. As a corollary, we show that the associated gap distribution is piecewise real analytic.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures. V2, minor corrections. To appear in IMRN
Searching for the Next Galactic Luminous Red Nova
Creators: name: Addison, Harry
name: Blagorodnova, Nadejda
name: Groot, Paul J.
name: Erasmus, Nicolas
name: Jones, David
name: Mogawana, Orapeleng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous red novae (LRNe) are astrophysical transients believed to be caused by the partial ejection of a binary star's common envelope (CE) and the merger of its components. The formation of the CE is likely to occur during unstable mass transfer, initiated by a primary star which is evolving off the main sequence (a Hertzsprung gap star) and a lower mass companion. In agreement with observations, theoretical studies have shown that outflows from the pre-CE phase produce a detectable brightening of the progenitor system a few years before the ejection event. Based on these assumptions, we present a method to identify Galactic LRNe precursors, the resulting precursor candidates, and our follow-up analysis to uncover their nature. We begin by constructing a sample of progenitor systems, i.e. Hertzsprung gap stars, by statistically modelling the density of a colour magnitude diagram formed from "well behaved" Gaia DR2 sources. Their time-domain evolution from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) survey is used to search for slowly brightening events, as pre-CE precursor candidates. The nature of the resulting candidates is further investigated using archival data and our own spectroscopic follow-up. Overall, we constructed a sample of $\sim5.4\times{10^4}$ progenitor sources, from which 21 were identified as candidate LRNe precursors. Further analysis revealed 16 of our candidates to be H$α$ emitters, with their spectra often suggesting hotter (albeit moderately extincted) A-type or B-type stars. Because of their long-term variability in optical and mid-infrared wavelengths, we propose that many of our candidates are mass-transferring binaries with compact companions surrounded by dusty circumstellar disks or alternatively magnetically active stellar merger remnants.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (23rd September 2022)
Recurrence to shrinking targets on typical self-affine fractals
Creators: name: Koivusalo, Henna
name: Ramírez, Felipe A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We explore the problem of finding the Hausdorff dimension of the set of points that recur to shrinking targets on a self-affine fractal. To be exact, we study the dimension of a certain related symbolic recurrence set. In many cases this set is equivalent to the recurring set on the fractal.
description: 16 pages; v2: main result has improved
Reconstruction of Coronal Magnetic Fields Using a Poloidal-Toroidal Representation
Creators: name: Yi, Sibaek
name: Choe, G. S.
name: Cho, Kyung-Suk
name: Solanki, Sami K.
name: Büchner, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method for reconstruction of coronal magnetic fields as force-free fields (FFFs) is presented. Our method employs poloidal and toroidal functions to describe divergence-free magnetic fields. This magnetic field representation naturally enables us to implement the boundary conditions at the photospheric boundary, i.e., the normal magnetic field and the normal current density there, in a straightforward manner. At the upper boundary of the corona, a source-surface condition can be employed, which accommodates magnetic flux imbalance at the bottom boundary. Although our iteration algorithm is inspired by extant variational methods, it is non-variational and requires far fewer iteration steps than most of them. The computational code based on our new method is tested against the analytical FFF solutions by Titov & Démoulin (1999). It is found to excel in reproducing a tightly wound flux rope, a bald patch and quasi-separatrix layers with a hyperbolic flux tube.
Transformer-based Automatic Speech Recognition of Formal and Colloquial Czech in MALACH Project
Creators: name: Lehečka, Jan
name: Psutka, Josef V.
name: Psutka, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Czech is a very specific language due to its large differences between the formal and the colloquial form of speech. While the formal (written) form is used mainly in official documents, literature, and public speeches, the colloquial (spoken) form is used widely among people in casual speeches. This gap introduces serious problems for ASR systems, especially when training or evaluating ASR models on datasets containing a lot of colloquial speech, such as the MALACH project. In this paper, we are addressing this problem in the light of a new paradigm in end-to-end ASR systems -- recently introduced self-supervised audio Transformers. Specifically, we are investigating the influence of colloquial speech on the performance of Wav2Vec 2.0 models and their ability to transcribe colloquial speech directly into formal transcripts. We are presenting results with both formal and colloquial forms in the training transcripts, language models, and evaluation transcripts.
description: to be published in Proceedings of TSD 2022
Electrically tunable multiple Dirac cones in thin films of (LaO)2(SbSe2)2 family of materials
Creators: name: Dong, Xiao-Yu
name: Wang, Jian-Feng
name: Zhang, Rui-Xing
name: Duan, Wen-Hui
name: Zhu, Bang-Fen
name: Sofo, Jorge
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional Dirac physics has aroused great interests in condensed matter physics ever since the discovery of graphene and topological insulators due to its importance in both fundamental physics and device applications. The ability to control the properties of Dirac cones, such as bandgap and Fermi velocity, is essential for the occurrence of various new phenomena and the development of next-generation electronic devices. Based on first-principles calculations and an analytical effective model, we propose a new Dirac system with eight Dirac cones in thin films of the (LaO)2(SbSe2)2 family of materials with an external gate voltage. The advantage of this system lies in its tunability: the existence of gapless Dirac cones, their positions, Fermi velocities and anisotropy all can be controlled by an experimentally feasible gate voltage. We identify the layer dependent spin texture induced by spin-orbit coupling as the underlying physical reason for the tunability of Dirac cones in this system. As a consequence, we show that the electrically tunable quantum anomalous Hall effect with a high Chern number can be induced by introducing magnetization into this system.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures
Adversarial Scrutiny of Evidentiary Statistical Software
Creators: name: Abebe, Rediet
name: Hardt, Moritz
name: Jin, Angela
name: Miller, John
name: Schmidt, Ludwig
name: Wexler, Rebecca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4.1; I.2.1; G.3; D.2.5

description: The U.S. criminal legal system increasingly relies on software output to convict and incarcerate people. In a large number of cases each year, the government makes these consequential decisions based on evidence from statistical software -- such as probabilistic genotyping, environmental audio detection, and toolmark analysis tools -- that defense counsel cannot fully cross-examine or scrutinize. This undermines the commitments of the adversarial criminal legal system, which relies on the defense's ability to probe and test the prosecution's case to safeguard individual rights. Responding to this need to adversarially scrutinize output from such software, we propose robust adversarial testing as an audit framework to examine the validity of evidentiary statistical software. We define and operationalize this notion of robust adversarial testing for defense use by drawing on a large body of recent work in robust machine learning and algorithmic fairness. We demonstrate how this framework both standardizes the process for scrutinizing such tools and empowers defense lawyers to examine their validity for instances most relevant to the case at hand. We further discuss existing structural and institutional challenges within the U.S. criminal legal system that may create barriers for implementing this and other such audit frameworks and close with a discussion on policy changes that could help address these concerns.
description: Typos corrected, appendix B removed
Bienfaits des arbres et arbustes dans les champs
Creators: name: Sousa, Fernando
name: Beck, Lilian
name: Dietemann, Lauren
name: Bissig, Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The fold-out flyer, available in French. What is featured in the publication:

Benefits of incorporating trees and shrubs,
good management practices,
the importance of mulching,
beneficial shrub and and trees species are shown with pictures,
the importance of agroforestry to combat desertification, and
a large illustration showing an example agroforestry system in the Sahel.
Event-triggered and distributed model predictive control for guaranteed collision avoidance in UAV swarms
Creators: name: Gräfe, Alexander
name: Eickhoff, Joram
name: Trimpe, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Distributed model predictive control (DMPC) is often used to tackle path planning for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms. However, it requires considerable computations on-board the UAV, leading to increased weight and power consumption. In this work, we propose to offload path planning computations to multiple ground-based computation units. As simultaneously communicating and recomputing all trajectories is not feasible for a large swarm with tight timing requirements, we develop a novel event-triggered DMPC that selects a subset of most relevant UAV trajectories to be replanned. The resulting architecture reduces UAV weight and power consumption, while the active redundancy provides robustness against computation unit failures. Moreover, the DMPC guarantees feasible and collision-free trajectories for UAVs with linear dynamics. In simulations, we demonstrate that our method can reliably plan trajectories, while saving 60% of network traffic and required computational power. Hardware-in-the-loop experiments show that it is suitable to control real quadcopter swarms.
description: Accepted for publication at the IFAC Conference on Networked Systems (NecSys) 2022
title: Solution Approaches for Multiobjective Convex Quadratic and Nonlinear Optimization Problems
Creators: name: Milano, Marco
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2019
Subjects: multiobjective
quadratic
nonlinear
optimization

description: In this thesis three solution approaches for multiobjective nonlinear optimization problems are discussed. First, a class of multiobjective descent algorithms is introduced that can be understood as generalizations of descent algorithms known for the singleobjective case.
 Several variants are investigated and compared with the weighted sum method. Furthermore, multiobjective convex quadratic optimization problems with linear constraints are discussed in the second part. Using the KKT conditions a parametric linear complementarity problem is derived which leads to the definition of efficient complementary bases and the decomposition of the parameter space of the weighted sum method. Properties of the associated cells are discussed and a pivoting algorithm is developed. Additionally, generalizations and special cases for multiobjective convex quadratic optimization problems are discussed and an application to multiobjective location theory is outlined.
 In the final section, a scheme for the approximation of the efficient solutions and the weight space decomposition of multiobjective convex optimization problems is introduced and analyzed.
description: In dieser Dissertation werden drei Lösungsansätze für multikriterielle nichtlineare Optimierungsprobleme untersucht. Zunächst wird eine Klasse von multikriteriellen Abstiegsverfahren eingeführt, die als Verallgemeinerung von Abstiegsverfahren im einkriteriellen Fall verstanden werden können. Verschiedene Varianten werden untersucht und mit der gewichteten Summen Methode verglichen.
 Im zweiten Teil werden multikriterielle konvexe quadratische Optimierungsprobleme mit linearen Nebenbedingungen behandelt. Mithilfe der KKT-Bedingungen wird ein parametrisches lineares Komplementaritätsproblem abgleitet, was zur Definition von effizienten komplementären Basen und einer Dekomposition des Parameterraums der gewichteten Summen führt. Die Eigenschaften der zugehörigen Zellen werden untersucht und ein Pivot-Algorithmus wird entwickelt. Zusätzlich werden Verallgemeinerungen, Spezialfälle und eine Anwendung im Gebiet der multikriteriellen Standortoptimierung behandelt.
 Im letzten Kapitel wird ein Schema zur Approximation der effizienten Lösungen und der Dekomposition des Gewichtsraums von multikriteriellen konvexen Optimierungsprobleme eingeführt und analysiert.