cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phase diagram of adjoint QCD at weak coupling and finite volume
Creators: name: Hollowood, Timothy J.
name: Myers, Joyce C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase diagram of SU(N) gauge theories with fermions in an arbitrary representation R can be calculated on finite volume manifolds such as S^1 x S^3. When S^3 is small a perturbative analysis is possible and the weak-coupling analogue of the pure Yang-Mills theory confinement-deconfinement transition is accessible in the large N limit. We calculate the large N phase diagram of adjoint QCD [SU(N) gauge theory with adjoint fermions] where periodic boundary conditions are applied to fermions on S^1 such that the confined phase is favored for light enough adjoint fermion mass. We calculate the value of the mass times the radius of S^3 below which the confined phase is favored for all volumes of S^1 / S^3 and discuss the implications for large N volume reduction. We calculate also the phase diagram for N = 3 and compare with recent lattice results.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Talk presented at The XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 25-31, 2009, Beijing, China
Environmental physiology of cultured early-stage southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii Hutton, 1875) larvae
Creators: name: Bermudes, M
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this project was to define more clearly the culture conditions for the propagation of the southern rock lobster (Jasus echvardsii) in relation to environmental bioenergetic constraints. The effects of temperature and photoperiod on the first three stages of development were first studied in small-scale culture experiments. Larvae reared at 18¬¨‚àûC developed faster and reached a larger size at stage IV than larvae cultured at 14¬¨‚àûC. Development through stage II was shorter under continuous light. However, the pattern of response to photoperiod shifted at stage III when growth was highest in all the light/dark phase treatments than under continuous light. The influence of temperature and light intensity in early-stage larvae was further investigated through behavioural and physiological studies. Results obtained in stages I, II and III larvae indicated an energetic imbalance at high temperature (~22¬¨‚àûC). The behavioural response of stage I larvae to light intensity suggested that light may be used to control behaviour in culture conditions. Early-stage larvae showed higher oxygen consumption, nitrogen excretion, and feed intake under light than in the dark. This may be due to the demonstrated increased activity under light conditions. A technique based on the chemical immobilisation of larvae was developed to assess the effect of temperature on the standard metabolic rate and the energetic cost of swimming in phyllosomas. Estimates of larval locomotor activity at different temperatures obtained through measurements of oxygen consumption were in agreement with behavioural response under the same conditions. The water quality requirements off. edwardsii larvae were determined for dissolved oxygen, salinity, and ammonia. A critical oxygen tension of `4.3` `ml` `O_2` `1^-1` was found for stage I larvae at 18¬¨‚àûC. Stage I larvae were found to be stenohaline and a 3 ppt departure from normal salinity (34 ppt) during culture had a significant effect on growth. The cost of osmoregulation was examined in newly-hatched larvae and in stage I phyllosomas acclimated or not to sub-normal salinities. Safe levels of total ammonia concentration determined for stages I, II, III, and IV were `2.65` `mg` `1^-1`, `3.83` `mg` `1^-1`, `4.37` `mg` `1^-1`, and `2.98` `mg` `1^-1`, respectively. The results documented throughout this thesis highlighted the significance of environmental manipulation to achieve greater survival and growth during the larval development of J. edwardsii. In addition, information on the environmental physiology and behaviour of early-stage larvae provided an insight into an integrated approach, which at term will allow for the definition of system and dietary requirements of all developmental stages.
Kondo decoherence: finding the right spin model for iron impurities in gold and silver
Creators: name: Costi, T. A.
name: Bergqvist, L.
name: Weichselbaum, A.
name: von Delft, J.
name: Micklitz, T.
name: Rosch, A.
name: Mavropoulos, P.
name: Dederichs, P. H.
name: Mallet, F.
name: Saminadayar, L.
name: Bauerle, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit the decoherence of electrons due to magnetic impurities, studied via weak localization, to resolve a longstanding question concerning the classic Kondo systems of Fe impurities in the noble metals gold and silver: which Kondo-type model yields a realistic description of the relevant multiple bands, spin and orbital degrees of freedom? Previous studies suggest a fully screened spin $S$ Kondo model, but the value of $S$ remained ambiguous. We perform density functional theory calculations that suggest $S = 3/2$. We also compare previous and new measurements of both the resistivity and decoherence rate in quasi 1-dimensional wires to numerical renormalization group predictions for $S=1/2,1$ and 3/2, finding excellent agreement for $S=3/2$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, shortened for PRL
title: Petrology of Passive Margin-Epeiric Sea Sediments: the Garden City Formation, North-central Utah
Creators: name: Morgan, Susan K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1988

description: The Lower Ordovician Garden City Formation is part of the thick sequence of Lower Paleozoic limestones, dolostones, and minor siliciclastic sedimentary rocks of the western United States. The carbonate rocks were formed predominantly by shallow water deposition in tropical, passive-margin epeiric seas.
The Garden City Formation is composed of nine lithotypes which represent the various environments. The formation is a storm-influenced transgressive sequence which may be divided into innershelf shallow subtidal and outer-shelf deep subtidal environments separated by a skeletal accumulation. The skeletal accumulation, formed by storm initiation, was a submerged topographic high, below normal wave base. The inner shelf includes the initial peritidal transgressive and shoreface material, which was extensively reworked by storm action, and a patchy distribution of shallow subtidal deposits. It is characterized by shoreward fossil banks and mud mounds, a restricted fauna, large amounts of terrigenous material and repeated occurrences of storm-created intraclastic layers within a nodular limestone.
The outer shelf sediments have a diverse fauna, are extensively burrowed and bioturbated, and have significant amounts of chert. Uncommon intraformational conglomerate layers signify deposition below mean storm-wave base.
The Garden City Limestone facies were deposited in broad, energy-related zones parallel to the ancient shoreline. These facies were compared to the model of epeiric sea deposition presented by Shaw (1964) and Irwin (1965). There was a lack of evidence within the Garden City sediments to support the existence of an extensive, shoreward, tideless low-energy zone as predicted by the model. The inner shallow subtidal environments remained near normal marine conditions, with water circulation provided by tidal action.
Early diagenetic features of the Garden City Formation include compaction, micritization, cementation and neomorphism. Chert formation preceded pressure solution and probably represents silicification of burrows.
Dolomitizing fluids moved along faults, unconformities, and bedding planes to selectively dolomitize the formation. Near-surface weathering resulted in dedolomitization and the oxidation of pyrite to hematite.
Constraints on the kinematics of the 44Ti ejecta of Cassiopeia A from INTEGRAL/SPI
Creators: name: Martin, Pierrick
name: Knödlseder, Jürgen
name: Vink, Jacco
name: Decourchelle, Anne
name: Renaud, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The medium-lived 44Ti isotope is synthesised by explosive Si-burning in core-collapse supernovae. It is extremely sensitive to the dynamics of the explosion and therefore can be used to indirectly probe the explosion scenario. The young supernova remnant Cassiopeia A is to date the only source of gamma-ray lines from 44Ti decay. The emission flux has been measured by CGRO/COMPTEL, BeppoSAX/PDS and INTEGRAL/IBIS. The high-resolution spectrometer SPI on-board the INTEGRAL satellite can provide spectrometric information about the emission. The line profiles reflect the kinematics of the 44Ti in Cassiopeia A and can thus place constraints on its nucleosynthesis and potentially on the associated explosion process. Using 4 years of data from INTEGRAL/SPI, we have searched for the gamma-ray signatures from the decay of the 44Ti isotope. The overwhelming instrumental background noise required an accurate modelling and a solid assessment of the systematic errors in the analysis. Due to the strong variability of the instrumental background noise, it has not been possible to extract the two lines at 67.9 and 78.4keV. Regarding the high-energy line at 1157.0keV, no significant signal is seen in the 1140-1170keV band, thereby suggesting that the line signal from Cassiopeia A is broadened by the Doppler effect. From our spectrum, we derive a ~ 500km/s lower limit at 2sigma on the expansion velocity of the 44Ti ejecta. Our result does not allow us to constrain the location of 44Ti since the velocities involved throughout the remnant, derived from optical and X-ray studies, are all far above our lower limit.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, published in A&A
Further paleomagnetic evidence for oroclinal rotation in the central folded Appalachians from the Bloomsburg and the Mauch Chunk Formations
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: Renewed paleomagnetic investigations of red beds of the Upper Silurian Bloomsburg and the Lower Carboniferous Mauch Chunk Formations were undertaken with the objective of obtaining evidence regarding the possibility of oroclinal bending as contributing to the arcuate structural trend of the Pennsylvania salient. These formations crop out on both limbs of the salient and earlier, but less definitive paleomagnetic studies on these units indicate that early acquired magnetizations can be recovered. Oriented samples were obtained from nine sites on the southern limb of the salient and eight sites from the northern limb in the Bloomsburg. The natural remanent magnetizations are multivectorial, dominated by a component (B) with a distributed spectrum of unblocking temperatures ranging up to 670°C, and a component (C) with a higher and very discrete distribution of unblocking temperatures. The B component is uniformly of reverse polarity, shows a statistically significant synfolding character, and represents a Late Paleozoic remagnetization. The C component passes fold tests with normal and reverse polarity site means. The C component directions from the southern limb (345.1°/-31.6°) and the northern limb (359.3°/-29.7°) are significantly different in declination (14.2°±10.4°) but not in inclination (1.9°±9°). Samples were also analyzed from seven additional sites in the Mauch Chunk on the southern limb of the salient. Inclusion of these new data gives a revised estimate of the difference between southern and northern limb mean directions of prefolding magnetizations in the Mauch Chunk of 23.3°±12.5 in declination and 4.8°±11° in inclination. Paleomagnetic data from the Bloomsburg, Mauch Chunk, and revised results recently reported for the Upper Devonian Catskill Formation together indicate 22.8°±11.9° of relative rotation, accounting for approximately half the present change in structural trend around the Pennsylvania salient. The oroclinal rotation can be regarded as a tightening of a less arcuate depositional package that developed across a basement reentrant, to achieve a curvature closer to that of the earlier zigzag continental margin outline.
title: Development and Control of Licking Behavior in the Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus)
Creators: name: Alvord, Jack R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: Four non-licking guinea pigs were reinforced with water for successive approximations to licking an operandum feeder. Once all subjects had obtained their total liquid intake for a three-week period by licking, an optimum deprivation schedule was determined.
Fixed ratio and variable interval schedules were found to affect licking behavior of the guinea pigs being slightly lower than that of the rat. Precise control over the onset and offset of licking was demonstrated through discrimination training.
Coagulation reaction in low dimensions: Revisiting subdiffusive A+A reactions in one dimension
Creators: name: Yuste, S. B.
name: Ruiz-Lorenzo, J. J.
name: Lindenberg, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the coagulation reaction A+A -> A for particles moving subdiffusively in one dimension. Our theory is tested against numerical simulations of the concentration of $A$ particles as a function of time (``anomalous kinetics'') and of the interparticle distribution function as a function of interparticle distance and time. We find that the theory captures the correct behavior asymptotically and also at early times, and that it does so whether the particles are nearly diffusive or very subdiffusive. We find that, as in the normal diffusion problem, an interparticle gap responsible for the anomalous kinetics develops and grows with time. This corrects an earlier claim to the contrary on our part.
description: The previous version was corrupted - some figures misplaced, some strange words that did not belong. Otherwise identical
Paleomagnetism of Some Neogene Sedimentary Rocks on Oga Peninsula, Japan
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Oga Peninsula Neogene section in Japan was sampled for paleomagnetic studies. The results show that the upper Wakimoto formation is normally magnetized and the lower Wakimoto, Kitaura and uppermost Funakawa formations are reversely magnetized. The remainder of the Funakawa and the Onnagawa formation are interpreted as being remagnetized and unreliable for magnetic stratigraphy. The saturation IRM intensity was found to be an effective method of normalizing the effects of magnetic mineral content variation on the NRM intensity. Variations in the NRM intensity in these samples were paralleled by variations in SIRM intensity indicating that they are mineralogically rather than field controlled. The secondary component of magnetization in these rocks is believed to be a VRM acquired over the Brunhes normal epoch. Intensities and stabilities of the secondary component are compatible with the results from the VRM experiments conducted in the laboratory. Due to the fact that only one reliable reversal was found in the section, age interpretations based on the magnetic stratigraphy were difficult to make. Tentative age assignments were postulated based on the interpretations of the diatom evidence by BURCKLE (1971).
A post-disaster study of a women-led handicraft industry in rural Philippines
Creators: name: Cuaton, Ginbert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 410499
subject: Environmental management not elsewhere classified

description: Purpose – The tikog handicraft industry in Basey, province of Samar in the Philippines, was heavily devastated by super typhoon Haiyan in November 2013. More than five years after the disaster, very few studies have been published regarding the status of this industry. Thus, this paper aims to examine the roles of men and women farmers, weavers, converters and other chain actors of the Tikog Value Chain Industry in Basey and presents the status of the industry in terms of (a) operations, (b) performance and contribution to the economy, (c) capacity (materials, product and people), (d)market and (e) its current challenges in a post-disaster context.Design/methodology/approach – For this case study, data were gathered through desk research and field works. The data were thematically analyzed using elements of a value chain analysis to provide insights and to help develop strategies to improve women’s contributions in developing the tikog handicraft industry.Findings – Among the structures in the industry are associations comprising of formal and informal groups of tikog farmers, weavers, converters and traders. About 2,000 families in Basey are engaged in the tikog industry. This generates an estimated additional family income from PHP 4,200.00 (USD84.00) – PHP 18,000.00 (USD360.00)/year. Supply of raw materials is not only hampered by the depleting natural resources but also by the availability of drying facilities. Weavers continue to buy from Leyte suppliers due to challenges in drying tikog grasses. The author strongly argues that there is a need to increase capacity building opportunities for those involved in tikog to avoid stunted growth of the industry.Originality/value – Aside from being a survivor himself, the author directly worked with the men, women and communities involved in this study. This highlights the ability of this research to realistically reflect the current knowledge, practices and attitudes of actors involved in the tikog handicraft industry in Basey, Philippines.
Star formation history in the SMC: the case of NGC602
Creators: name: Cignoni, M.
name: Sabbi, E.
name: Nota, A.
name: Tosi, M.
name: Degl'Innocenti, S.
name: Moroni, P. G. Prada
name: Angeretti, L.
name: Carlson, Lynn Redding
name: Gallagher, J.
name: Meixner, M.
name: Sirianni, M.
name: Smith, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep HST/ACS photometry of the young cluster NGC 602, located in the remote low density "wing" of the Small Magellanic Cloud, reveals numerous pre-main sequence stars as well as young stars on the main sequence. The resolved stellar content thus provides a basis for studying the star formation history into recent times and constraining several stellar population properties, such as the present day mass function, the initial mass function and the binary fraction. To better characterize the pre-main sequence population, we present a new set of model stellar evolutionary tracks for this evolutionary phase with metallicity appropriate for the Small Magellanic Cloud (Z = 0.004). We use a stellar population synthesis code, which takes into account a full range of stellar evolution phases to derive our best estimate for the star formation history in the region by comparing observed and synthetic color-magnitude diagrams. The derived present day mass function for NGC 602 is consistent with that resulting from the synthetic diagrams. The star formation rate in the region has increased with time on a scale of tens of Myr, reaching $0.3-0.7 \times 10^{-3} M_\odot yr^{-1}$ in the last 2.5 Myr, comparable to what is found in Galactic OB associations. Star formation is most complete in the main cluster but continues at moderate levels in the gas-rich periphery of the nebula.
description: 24 pages. Accepted for publication in AJ
Isothermal remanent magnetization of Greenland ice: Preliminary results
Creators: name: Lanci, Luca
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Biscaye, Pierre E.
name: Bory, Aloys Jean-Mathias
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The magnetic mineral content of wind“transported dust should reflect atmospheric transport dynamics and conditions in its source areas, and could thus be used as an environmental proxy. To test the feasibility of determining the magnetic mineral content in polar ice, isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) was measured on a small suite of Greenland ice samples of Holocene (interglacial) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) age. Although the extremely low dust concentrations limit weak field (susceptibility) measurements, all samples contained an easily measurable concentration of magnetic minerals that can be estimated using IRM intensity provided that special precautions are used. IRM experiments at liquid nitrogen temperatures indicate ice magnetic properties which are consistent with that expected from varying concentrations of magnetite or maghemite. Interestingly, the Holocene ice samples tend to have higher magnetic concentrations, despite having much lower total polar dust contents, than the few LGM ice samples tested thus far.
title: Predicting Success in Shorthand I
Creators: name: Bell, Meredith Cragun
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: The purpose of this study was to find the best predictors and best combination of predictors of shorthand success. Those used were the Educational Research Corporation Stenographic Aptitude Test and its subtests, I.Q. scores, a Self-Success Rating, and the Digit Symbol subtest taken from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.
Students enrolled in Shorthand I at Sky View High School were the subjects used in this study.
The criteria of shorthand success were the final dictation speed and the final grade.
The best single predictor of shorthand dictation speed was the total E.R.C. Stenographic Aptitude Test. The best combination of predictors were the total E.R.C. Stenographic Aptitude Test, and the E.R.C. Phonetic Spelling.
The best single predictor of final grade was the E.R.C. Phonetic Spelling subtest. The best combination of predictors of final grade were I.Q., total E.R.C. Stenographic Aptitude Test, E.R.C. Word Discrimination, E.R.C. Phonetic Spelling, and E.R.C. Dictation.
Narrative Medicine Workshops for Emergency Medicine Residents: Effects on Empathy and Burnout
Creators: name: Malik, Zayir M
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This was a quasi-experimental, prospective study conducted at two urban, three-year residency programs to evaluate (1) the effect of narrative medicine workshops on EM resident burnout and empathy and (2) resident perceptions of the workshops. Residents at both sites were asked to complete the abbreviated Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and a single-item burnout measure at three time points. Intervention residents also completed feedback surveys. Differences in IRI subscores and burnout scores were evaluated using multilevel regression modeling. Twenty-eight (46.7%) control and 48 (100%) intervention residents responded to at least one survey. At both sites, empathy remained unchanged. Residents at the intervention site had significantly lower burnout at the post-intervention period (p<0.001). Higher PGY-level (p<0.001) and later time of the academic year (p<0.001) predicted higher burnout. Most residents (n=20, 83.3%) agreed that the workshops should be a standard part of didactics. Residents at a site that incorporated narrative medicine workshops were protected from worsening burnout over time, suggesting that skills learned in these workshops may prevent burnout. These humanities-focused workshops were well-received by residents and may fill a gap in their holistic education.
title: The Relationship of Occupational Choice to Ego Identity and Self-Concepts
Creators: name: Bell, Norman D.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1968

description: This study attempted to investigate the relationship of occupational choice to ego identity achievement, to self-concept, and to academic achievement, as these are related to Eric Erikson's contention that is adolescents' inability to settle on an occupational choice which disturbs them and results in a sense of identity diffusion (lack of solidified ideas of self, goals for life, and a need to seek external supports).
The sample consisted of 320 senior high school boys in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades.
Variables considered included: level of vocational commitment; ego identity; self-regard, i.e., self-concept, self-acceptance, ideal self and adjustment (sum of discrepancies between self and ideal self); and academic achievement, i.e., achievers or underachievers.
The variables were treated by means of analysis of covariance, controlling for intelligence, Duncan range test, chi-square analysis, and Pearson product-moment correlations.
Results of the analysis of data revealed that significant differences existed between adolescents who had expressed vocational commitments and adolescents who were vocationally undecided on (a) ego identity achievement, and (b) self-concept.
In considering characteristics of those making or not making a vocational choice, it was found that level of vocational commitment of senior high school boys tends to be dependent on length of time the choice is considered, the amount of feedback and discussion with parents concerning the choice, father's occupation, and the influence of significant others. Another finding was that the verbalized vocational choice of adolescents is consistent with their measured interest. Ego identity was found to be nonsignificantly correlated with achievement and intelligence. Ego identity, self-concept, and self-acceptance have positive and significant intercorrelations (.01 level). It was concluded that adolescents who have not made a vocational commitment, demonstrate a greater degree of identity diffusion--lower ego identity achievement and lower self-concept--than adolescents who have expressed a vocational commitment. It was felt that the data supported Erikson's formulations concerning the period of adolescence to the extent that a positive and predictive relationship was found between level of occupational commitment and ego identity achievement, and between the level of occupation commitment and self-concept.
It was felt that ego identity was not significantly related to intelligence or achievement. It was further concluded that ego identity, self-concept, and self-acceptance are related measures dealing with level of maturity and ego integration in adolescence.
title: An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Bender-Gestalt, Draw-a-Man, and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
Creators: name: Allen, G. Edward
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: This study investigated the relationship between the Bender-Gestalt, Draw-a-Man, and the Wexler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Twenty-two children enrolled in the Logan, Utah Head-Start Program comprised the sample. Product-moment correlations indicated a significant relationship between these instruments.
The following tentative conclusions were drawn:

The Wexler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence bears a relationship to the Draw-a-Man and Bender-Gestalt tests similar to that between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and these instruments.

The Bender-Gestalt test, using the Koppitz scoring system, and the Draw-a-Man test can serve a similar checking function with the Wexler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence as they do with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

Methodological shortcomings prohibit over-generalization of these findings. The results, however, are seen as indicative of the promise of these instruments, and further investigation was advocated.
Glimpses into the early Universe
Creators: name: Langlois, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution gives a brief overview of the theoretical ideas underlying our current understanding of the early Universe. Confronting the predictions of the early Universe models with cosmological observations, in particular of the cosmic microwave background fluctuations, will improve our knowledge about the physics of the primordial Universe.
description: Invited talk at the XVI International Congress on Mathematical Physics, Prague, 3-8 August 2009; 6 pages
Qualitative changes in ethno-linguistic status : a case study of the Sorbs in Germany
Creators: name: Cichon, Ted
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The progress of European history in the latter centuries witnessed the emergence of a number of state powers. Some of these states became colonial powers and remained so until the end of the twentieth-century's two World Wars. After the end of the Second World War, the world, but particularly Europe, became divided into two conflicting ideological spheres, East and West. Western Europe, particularly a divided and occupied Germany came under an Anglo-American influence on the one hand, while East Germany (GDR or DDR) and other Eastern Bloc countries came under the control of a communist Soviet Union. It is safe to say that there existed homogenising influences on both sides. In broad terms, while borders were redefined and new states emerged, for the first time ever, a Slavonic minority group in the region of Lusatia known as the Sorbs saw the possibility of their fate being determined by fellow Slays. Although the circumstances seemed to be favourable to claim a separate Sorbian state, the Sorbs found themselves under the control of the Marxist-Leninist GDR. However, on the surface at least, the Sorbs of Lusatia were constitutionally protected under this regime. In other words, they were protected under a nationalities policy, which claimed to protect and promote the Sorbian language and culture. Such measures raise certain questions concerning the ulterior motive for what would seem a reversal in attitude towards a previously considered inferior (racial) group. Was it a way of rehabilitating the past, or were the Sorbs used for ideological reasons during the years 1949 to 1989? After the fall of the Berlin Wall in late 1989, German re-unification followed, which changed the political circumstances for the Germans and the Sorbs. This study examines the changes in the ethnic status of the Sorbs, which in turn changed the status of their language and culture. At the same time however, it is considered that it was among the first Slavonic nations to become a member of the European Union. Moreover, Europe instituted a number of measures to maintain its cultural diversity and heterogeneity, which includes ethnic or national minorities. By using a predominantly comparative approach to analyse the ethno-linguistic status of the Sorbs, past and present, this study incorporates a wide-ranging examination in the contexts of other minorities in Germany, federal and state constitutions, European law and global influences. The study concludes that the ethno-linguistic status of the Sorbs has qualitatively changed from that of a more or less protected minority in Germany to that of just another European minority, subject to the same assimilatory pressures of globalisation, and therefore the same challenge of survival.
Magnetization of Greenland ice and its relationship with dust content
Creators: name: Lanci, Luca
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Biscaye, Pierre E.
name: Steffensen, J. P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmosphere

description: We estimate the concentration of fine magnetic particles in ice samples from the North Greenland Ice Core Project core from the central Greenland ice sheet, using low-temperature (77K) isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) analysis and compare it with the mass concentration of aerosol dust. Samples were taken from six climatic intervals, spanning the time from the Holocene (Preboreal) back to the Last Glacial Dansgaard/Oeschger cycle 5. The mean IRM intensity of the ice varies by a factor of 3 from glacial to interglacial stages, being lower during interglacials. The IRM acquisition curves of the ice do not quite saturate at the maximum available field of 0.8 T and show a relatively broad coercivity, which is compatible with a mixture of maghemite or magnetite and hematite. Comparison of the IRM intensity and total dust mass shows a remarkably good correlation but also reveals a large background magnetization, which may be essentially constant over the different climatic stages. IRM suggests that the dust properties are independent of the background signal and that the dust aerosol has a magnetization within about 30% of pristine loess from the Chinese Loess Plateau, which is considered to have the same source in the same east Asian deserts as dust in Greenland ice. Ice contamination and the flux of extraterrestrial dust particles were considered in order to explain the origin of the background magnetization. Nevertheless, we could not find a convincing explanation for this signal, which represents a considerable part of the IRM signal and is the dominant component during interglacial intervals, without invoking the presence of undetected dust mass. The alternative hypothesis of a varying magnetization of the ice dust at different climatic periods would suggest that different sources of aerosol are active during different climatic periods. This, however, has not proven to be the case so far for studies of the provenance of dust in Greenland ice.
Shallow bias of paleomagnetic inclinations in the Paleozoic and Precambrian
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Smethurst, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: An updated analysis of the global paleomagnetic database shows that the frequency distributions of paleomagnetic inclinations for the Cenozoic and Mesozoic eras (younger than 250 Ma) are compatible with a random geographical sampling of a time-averaged geomagnetic field that closely resembles that of a geocentric axial dipole. In contrast, the frequency distributions of paleomagnetic inclinations for the Paleozoic and Precambrian eras (prior to 250 Ma) are over-represented by shallow inclinations. After discounting obvious secondary causes for the bias, such as from data averaging, sedimentary inclination error, inhomogeneous lithological distributions, and tropical remagnetization, we show that the anomalous inclination distributions for the Paleozoic and Precambrian can be explained by a geomagnetic field source model which includes a relatively modest (~25%) contribution to the axial dipole from a zonal octupole field and an arbitrary zonal quadrupolar contribution. The apparent change by around 250 Ma to a much more axial dipolar field geometry might be due to the stabilization of the geodynamo from growth of the inner core to some critical threshold size, a gross speculation which would imply that either the threshold size was rather large or the inner core nucleated rather late in Earth history. Alternatively, if a geocentric axial dipole model is assumed or can eventually be demonstrated independently, the anomalous inclination distributions for the Paleozoic and Precambrian may reflect a tendency of continental lithosphere to be cycled into the equatorial belt, perhaps because geoid highs associated with long-term continental aggregates influence true polar wander.
QCDMAPT: program package for Analytic approach to QCD
Creators: name: Nesterenko, A. V.
name: Simolo, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A program package, which facilitates computations in the framework of Analytic approach to QCD, is developed and described in details. The package includes the explicit expressions for relevant spectral functions calculated up to the four-loop level and the subroutines for necessary integrals.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; QCDMAPT package is available from http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEGP_v1_0.html
title: Real-time Vision-Based Lane Detection with 1D Haar Wavelet Transform on Raspberry Pi
Creators: name: Sudini, Vikas Reddy
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Rapid progress is being made towards the realization of autonomous cars. Since the technology is in its early stages, human intervention is still necessary in order to ensure hazard-free operation of autonomous driving systems. Substantial research efforts are underway to enhance driver and passenger safety in autonomous cars. Toward that end GreedyHaarSpiker, a real-time vision-based lane detection algorithm is proposed for road lane detection in different weather conditions. The algorithm has been implemented in Python 2.7 with OpenCV 3.0 and tested on a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B ARMv8 1GB RAM coupled to a Raspberry Pi camera board v2. To test the algorithm’s performance, the Raspberry Pi and the camera board were mounted inside a Jeep Wrangler. The algorithm performed better in sunny weather with no snow on the road. The algorithm’s performance deteriorated at night time or when the road surface was covered with snow.
Observational Window Functions in Planet Transit Surveys
Creators: name: von Braun, Kaspar
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Ciardi, David R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability that an existing planetary transit is detectable in one's data is sensitively dependent upon the window function of the observations. We quantitatively characterize and provide visualizations of the dependence of this probability as a function of orbital period upon several observing strategy and astrophysical parameters, such as length of observing run, observing cadence, length of night, transit duration and depth, and the minimum number of sampled transits. The ability to detect a transit is directly related to the intrinsic noise of the observations. In our simulations of observational window functions, we explicitly address non-correlated (gaussian or white) noise and correlated (red) noise and discuss how these two noise components affect transit detectability in fundamentally different manners, especially for long periods and/or small transit depths. We furthermore discuss the consequence of competing effects on transit detectability, elaborate on measures of observing strategies, and examine the projected efficiency of different transit survey scenarios with respect to certain regions of parameter space.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 8 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
title: The Behavior and Ecology of Cursorial Predators and Dangerous Prey: Integrating Behavioral Mechanisms with Population-level Patterns in Large Mammal Systems
Creators: name: Tallian, Aimee
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Driving into Yellowstone National Park for the first time is a moving experience. Gazing over the sweeping landscapes, seeing a geyser erupt 80 feet into the air, and having your first ‘wildlife encounter’, whether that be a 2 ton bull bison aggressively wallowing on his dirt mound, snorting and kicking up dust, or watching a pack of 6 wolves move through a valley off in the distance, pausing to howl in search of their companions. Yellowstone staff wishes to manage our park in a way that preserves these remarkable experiences. In order to effectively manage this dynamic ecosystem, it is critical to thoroughly understand how different animal and plant species interact with each other and their environment.
Wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone in 1995-1997 and park researchers and managers are still trying to understand how their presence impacts the ecosystem. In Yellowstone, wolves primarily prey on elk; however, predation on bison has started to increase in recent years. We still know little about how wolves hunt bison and what impacts wolves have had on how bison use their environment. The objective of this study was to better understand the behavioral and ecological interactions of wolves and bison, the most dangerous prey for wolves in North America. Since reintroduction, researchers have collected data on how wolves hunt both elk and bison. I used these data to understand 1) the conditions that allow wolves to capture their most dangerous prey, bison, 2) whether wolves have started preying on bison more often as the bison population increased, and 3) whether wolf reintroduction has limited bison use of Yellowstone’s most extreme high-elevation winter range. Finally, I collaborated with ecologists in Scandinavia to determine how wolf predation was affected by a competitor, the brown bear.
My study adds to the current body of work addressing the effects of wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone. This research is unique because it focuses on wolf bison interactions, about which little is known in this system. This research also sheds light on the behavioral relationships at play in a special type of predator-prey interaction: predators that hunt dangerous prey.
Spectral approach to homogenization of an elliptic operator periodic in some directions
Creators: name: Bunoiu, R.
name: Cardone, G.
name: Suslina, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The operator \[ A_{\varepsilon}= D_{1} g_{1}(x_{1}/\varepsilon, x_{2}) D_{1} + D_{2} g_{2}(x_{1}/\varepsilon, x_{2}) D_{2} \] is considered in $L_{2}({\mathbb{R}}^{2})$, where $g_{j}(x_{1},x_{2})$, $j=1,2,$ are periodic in $x_{1}$ with period 1, bounded and positive definite. Let function $Q(x_{1},x_{2})$ be bounded, positive definite and periodic in $x_{1}$ with period 1. Let $Q^{\varepsilon}(x_{1},x_{2})= Q(x_{1}/\varepsilon, x_{2})$. The behavior of the operator $(A_{\varepsilon}+ Q^{\varepsilon}%)^{-1}$ as $\varepsilon\to0$ is studied. It is proved that the operator $(A_{\varepsilon}+ Q^{\varepsilon})^{-1}$ tends to $(A^{0} + Q^{0})^{-1}$ in the operator norm in $L_{2}(\mathbb{R}^{2})$. Here $A^{0}$ is the effective operator whose coefficients depend only on $x_{2}$, $Q^{0}$ is the mean value of $Q$ in $x_{1}$. A sharp order estimate for the norm of the difference $(A_{\varepsilon}+ Q^{\varepsilon})^{-1}- (A^{0} + Q^{0})^{-1}$ is obtained. The result is applied to homogenization of the Schrödinger operator with a singular potential periodic in one direction.
description: 30
5-004-AmusementParkCirculation
Creators: name: Bullard, Floyd
name: Teague, Daniel
name: Avineri, Tamar
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2025

description: A new amusement park is divided into three large regions: Geometry World, Land of Probability, and Fun-ction City. It’s the grand opening, and 1000 specially invited visitors all enter Geometry World at 9:00 AM. We model circulation of attendees.
The Inverse Seesaw Mechanism in Noncommutative Geometry
Creators: name: Stephan, Christoph A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this publication we will implement the inverse Seesaw mechanism into the noncommutative framework on the basis of the AC-extension of the Standard Model. The main difference to the classical AC model is the chiral nature of the AC fermions with respect to a U(1) extension of the Standard Model gauge group. It is this extension which allows us to couple the right-handed neutrinos via a gauge invariant mass term to left-handed A-particles. The natural scale of these gauge invariant masses is of the order of 10^17 GeV while the Dirac masses of the neutrino and the AC-particles are generated dynamically and are therefore much smaller (ca. 1 GeV to 10^6 GeV). From this configuration a working inverse Seesaw mechanism for the neutrinos is obtained.
A Cretaceous and Jurassic geochronology
Creators: name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Gradstein, Felix M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Geomorphology

description: An integrated geomagnetic polarity and geologic time-scale for the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods is presented, based on various methods according to the availability of definitive isotopic ages. An age-calibrated sea-floor-spreading model is used to interpolate the ages of the Kimmeridgian to Barremian, and the Campanian to Maestrichtian stages. Numerical age estimates for the Aptian to Santonian stage boundaries follow published isotopic age determinations. The hypothesis of equal duration of ammonite zones is employed as a vernier to apportion time for the Hettangian to Oxfordian stages. The new scale results in ages of 208 Ma for the base of the Jurassic, 144 Ma for the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary and 66.5 Ma for the top of the Cretaceous. The integrated biostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic, and geochronometric record serves as a working hypothesis for geologic correlation of Jurassic and Cretaceous strata.