cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Critical role of HMGA proteins in regulation of ATM expression and in cellular response to DNA damage
Creators: name: Palmieri, Dario
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2009

description: MGA proteins are a family of chromatin remodelers involved in many cellular processes including regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and cell proliferation. They have a crucial role in cell transformation and their overexpression is a constant feature of human malignant neoplasias, representing a poor prognostic index. Sequence analysis of HMGA proteins revealed the presence of a consensus site for ATM phosphorylation, which is highly conserved among different species and the different HMGA family members. Since ATM is the main cellular sensor to DNA damage, we decided to investigate the role of HMGA proteins in the ATM pathway and in the cellular response to DNA-damaging agents. In this study we demonstrate that both members of HMGA family, HMGA1 and HMGA2, interact and are phosphorylated by ATM in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis on Mouse Emrbyonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Hmga1, Hmga2 or both genes, revealed that, in the absence of HMGA proteins, mRNA and protein levels of ATM are strongly reduced. Moreover, p53 phosphorylation and the consequent activation of p21 transcription, induced by ATM kinase activity, were significantly affected by the absence of HMGA proteins. Consistent with these data, ChIP and luciferase assays demonstrated that HMGA proteins bind and positively regulate the promoter of the ATM gene. Moreover, induction of ATM kinase activity increased HMGA-mediated activation of ATM promoter, suggesting that, following DNA damage, ATM is able to trigger an HMGA-dependent positive feedback loop on its own promoter. Accordingly with the reduced expression of ATM, MEFs lacking both Hmga genes showed a significant impairment of the DNAdamage response. In fact, Hmga1/Hmga2 double knock-out MEFs displayed a reduction in the DNA repair activity and in the stress-induced senescence following the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), compared to wild-type MEFs. It has been also demonstrated that inhibition of ATM determines cell sensitization to DNA damaging therapies. Thus, we investigated the role of HMGA proteins in cellular sensitivity to genotoxic drugs. On this purpose, we treated transformed thyroid cell lines with antisense oligonucleotides to abrogate the expression of HMGA proteins, and evaluated their response to DNA-damaging agents such as ionizing radiation and UV-light. As expected, down regulation of HMGA proteins reduced cellular levels of ATM. Moreover, following the exposure to DNA-damaging agents, absence of HMGA proteins determined alteration of cell-cycle checkpoints, reduced cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Taken together our data indicate that HMGA proteins play a crucial role in the cellular response to DNA damage, and may represent a new target to improve tumour sensitivity to conventional anti-cancer therapies.
Crack Roughness in the 2D Random Threshold Beam Model
Creators: name: Nukala, Phani K. V. V.
name: Zapperi, Stefano
name: Alava, Mikko
name: Simunovic, Srdjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scaling of two-dimensional crack roughness using large scale beam lattice systems. Our results indicate that the crack roughness obtained using beam lattice systems does not exhibit anomalous scaling in sharp contrast to the simulation results obtained using scalar fuse lattices. The local and global roughness exponents ($ζ_{loc}$ and $ζ$, respectively) are equal to each other, and the two-dimensional crack roughness exponent is estimated to be $ζ_{loc} = ζ= 0.64 \pm 0.02$. Removal of overhangs (jumps) in the crack profiles eliminates even the minute differences between the local and global roughness exponents. Furthermore, removing these jumps in the crack profile completely eliminates the multiscaling observed in other studies. We find that the probability density distribution $p(Δh(\ell))$ of the height differences $Δh(\ell) = [h(x+\ell) - h(x)]$ of the crack profile obtained after removing the jumps in the profiles follows a Gaussian distribution even for small window sizes ($\ell$).
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Massive simulation campaign results
Creators: name: Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This deliverable summarizes the massive simulation campaigns conducted by partners involved in the process manufacturing and mechanical testing by employing developed tools which can be executed in High-Performance Computing systems. Despite the widespread use of HPC for research, simulation, optimization or data analytics, there is a significant lack of employing parallel workflows such as COMPSs to generate large synthetic datasets with the aim to deploy AI models or performing Uncertainty Quantification Analysis in the aeronautical industry. Therefore, this deliverable showcases the potential of combining various set of simulation software and frameworks developed by partners and integrated with HPC. Keywords High-Performance Computi
Self-generated plasma rotation in a Z-pinch implosion with preembedded axial magnetic field
Creators: name: Cvejić, M.
name: Mikitchuk, D.
name: Kroupp, E.
name: Doron, R.
name: Sharma, P.
name: Maron, Y.
name: Velikovich, A. L.
name: Fruchtman, A.
name: Ochs, I. E.
name: Kolmes, E. J.
name: Fisch, N. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using detailed spectroscopic measurements, highly-resolved in both time and space, a self-generated plasma rotation is demonstrated for the first time in a cylindrical Z-pinch implosion with a pre-embedded axial magnetic field. The plasma parameters and all three components of the magnetic field are resolved. The plasma is seen to rotate at a velocity comparable to the peak implosion velocity, considerably affecting the force and energy balance throughout the implosion. Moreover, the evolution of the rotation is consistent with magnetic flux surface isorotation, a novel observation in a Z-pinch.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A Comparative  Study of the Leadership Styles of Kwon Ping Ho (Banyan Tree Hotels and Resorts) and Kwek Leng Beng (Millennium Hotels and Resorts)
Creators: name: Pipatpong Fakfare
Publisher: name: Bangkok University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Leadership style, hospitality industry, ASEAN leaders, comparative study

description: ASEAN Journal of Management & Innovation, 6, 1, p 88 - 101
Incontro di civiltà: la Islamwissenschaft di Carl Heinrich Becker
Creators: name: Morrone, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Questa ricerca prende in considerazione lo sviluppo della riflessione storica di Carl Heinrich Becker (1876-1933), la definizione del suo personale approccio all'Islam sullo sfondo degli svolgimenti dell'islamistica tedesca del primo Novecento e di alcune figure rilevanti del pensiero storico tedesco. Le quattro parti in cui il seguente lavoro è diviso, pur isolando aspetti specifici della problematica beckeriana, configurano una connessione relativamente omogenea anche dal punto di vista cronologico. E la connessione domina anche fra i due momenti fondamentali della biografia intellettuale di Becker, quello del Kulturpolitiker e quello dell'islamista; se non lo si riconosce si fa un torto alla poliedrica figura di questo studioso e alla sua complessa personalità dominata fin dagli esordi scientifici dall'idea regolativa della Bildung. La prima parte verte sul problema dello sviluppo storico religioso, che viene esaminato a partire dal saggio beckeriano Christentum und Islam (1907) e in riferimento ad alcuni aspetti dell'opera di Julius Wellhausen e di Ernst Troeltsch. La seconda illustra l'evoluzione della storiografia beckeriana sullo sfondo della lotta per l'affermazione di una Kulturgeschichte islamica che si svolse nell'ambito dell'orientalistica tedesca d'inizio secolo. In essa si prende inoltre, in esame la produzione beckeriana relativa all'Africa coloniale (1908-1916) e la complessa questione dei rapporti fra orientalistica e imperialismo. Nella terza parte si prendono in considerazione gli studi beckeriani di storia economica islamica e si tenta di ricostruire la posizione complessiva di Max Weber sull’Islam, attraverso l’analisi delle sezioni relative di Economia e Società, allo scopo di evidenziare i rapporti e le differenze con l’impostazione di Becker. Nell'ultima parte viene proposta in primo luogo, una sintesi della produzione kulturpolitisch beckeriana sullo sfondo della sua attività politica e della crisi culturale del dopoguerra tedesco. In secondo luogo si prende in esame l'ultima fase della riflessione storiografica di Becker, le sue discussioni con Troeltsch sulla costruzione della Kulturgeschichte europea, le sue osservazioni sulla "cultura magica" di Spengler e infine, la progressiva involuzione della sua originaria prospettiva storico culturale.
Comprehensive Calculations on the OZI-forbidden Nonleptonic Decays of Orthoquarkonia $J/ψ(Υ)\to ππ,ρπ$
Creators: name: Li, Tong
name: Zhao, Shu-Min
name: Li, Xue-Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we calculate the decay rates of the OZI-forbidden processes $J/ψ(Υ)\to ππ, ρπ$ at the order of the leading-twist distribution amplitude. The process of $J/ψ(Υ)\to π^+ π^-$ violates isospin conservation and the amplitude is explicitly proportional to the isospin violation factor $m_u-m_d$, our numerical results on their decay rates are consistent with the data. The process $J/ψ(Υ)\to ρπ$ violates the hadronic helicity conservation and should be suppressed, as indicated in literature, its decay rate can only be proportional to $m_q^2$ at the order of leading twist. Our theoretical evaluation confirms this statement that the theoretical evaluation on $Γ(J/ψ(Υ)\to ρπ)$ is almost one order smaller than the data unless the model parameters take certain extreme values. It may imply that the sizable branching ratio of $J/ψ(Υ)\to ρπ$ should be explained by either higher twist contributions or other mechanisms.
description: 25 pages, 1 figure and 4 tables. Numerical results slightly changed
Quantum many-body effects on Rydberg excitons in cuprous oxide
Creators: name: Semkat, Dirk
name: Fehske, Holger
name: Stolz, Heinrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quantum many-body effects on Rydberg excitons in cuprous oxide induced by the surrounding electron-hole plasma. Line shifts and widths are calculated by full diagonalisation of the plasma Hamiltonian and compared to results in first order perturbation theory, and the oscillator strength of the exciton lines is analysed.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Venting of gas deflagrations through relief pipes
Creators: name: Ferrara, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Vent devices for gas and dust explosions are often ducted to safety locations by means of relief pipes for the discharge of hot combustion products or blast waves (NFPA 68, 2002). The presence of the duct is likely to increase the severity of the explosion with respect to simply vented vessels posing a problem for the proper design of this venting configuration.
The phenomenology of the vented explosion is complicated as the interaction of combustion in the duct with primary combustion in the protected vessel intrudes the problem.
Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the enhanced violence of the explosion in such a venting configuration but uncertainty still stands. The lack of both investigation and comprehension has so far prevented the development of reliable engineering guidelines for the sizing of the vent area.
Prior to any development of engineering correlations, a preparatory step should be the investigation of the nature of the interaction of the external combustion with the venting process.
In this work pilot scale experimental data are presented for an uncovered duct vented configuration.
Moreover, a CFD 2D axy-symmetric model based on the unsteady RANS approach is developed. The numerical model has been validated by comparison with available experimental results on a lab scale configuration and then tested on the pilot scale configuration.
Numerical and experimental results have evidenced that the severity of ducted explosion is mainly driven by the vigorous secondary explosion occurring in the duct (burn-up).
In particular the combustion in the duct has been found to interact with the internal combustion by means of purely mechanical effects. In dependence of the violence of the explosion in the duct, the mechanical effect acts as pre compression of the mixture in the vessel or venting flow rate reduction. No enhancement effects of the combustion in the vessel have been found to significantly affect the violence of the explosion.
Experimental data analysis - aided by the numerical results- have highlighted that as the scale of the explosion goes up, the external explosion moves toward more severe conditions.
A simple scaling law is proposed that accounts for many of the trends observed in literature but more data would be needed on scales of industrial interest to check its validity.
Begrüßung
Creators: name: Kono, Toshiyuki
name: Haspel, Jörg
Publisher: name: ICOMOS – Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees
Year: 2021

description: ICOMOS – Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees, Bd. 76 (2020): ICOMOS – Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees
Dynamics and epigenetic control of PcG proteins during skeletal muscle cell differentiation
Creators: name: Prezioso, Carolina
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: During skeletal muscle differentiation, signal dependent switches in cell differentiation programs require global rearrangements in repression and activation of lineage specific genes, hence the importance of unravelling
 epigenetic mechanisms that control these dynamics and their integration with signaling pathways. Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are transcriptional repressors that modify chromatin through epigenetic modifications that prevent
 changes in cell identity by maintaining transcription patterns, throughout development and in adulthood. PcG proteins form two major multiprotein complexes, Polycomb repressive complex 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2, respectively),
 the latter containing the catalytic subunit, EZH2 that modifies histone H3 by trimethylation of lysine 27 (H3K27me3). While EZH2 promotes transcriptional
 repression of muscle specific genes, transcriptional activation that accompanies skeletal muscle differentiation is characterized by loss of EZH2 and recruitment
 of transcriptional activators, such as MyoD and SRF, at muscle regulatory regions(Caretti et al. 2004). Although much is known about the processes regulated by PcG proteins, little is known about signaling dependent pathway mechanisms that regulate PcG dynamics onto the chromatin. We used C2C12 mouse cell line as a skeletal muscle differentiation model to gain insight into the role of different PRC2 components during this process and into the the signaling pathways that
 regulates PRC2 dynamics at muscle target loci. We report that two different PRC2 complexes are present during skeletal muscle differentiation: PRC2-EZH2, that is
 predominant in proliferating myoblasts and PRC2-EZH1 that is specific for postmitotic myotubes. We show that these two complexes are differentially involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle differentiation. We demonstrate that the
 opposite dynamics of PRC2-EZH2 and PRC2-EZH1 at muscle regulatory regions is differentially regulated at the chromatin level by MAPK- (MSK1) dependent phospho/methyl switch mechanism involving phosphorylation of the lysine 28 of the histone H3 (H3Ser28ph), enabling to counteract the function of the PRC2 complex docking site H3K27me3. We report that, while MSK1/H3Ser28ph is crucial for the displacement of the PRC2-EZH2 from muscle regulatory regions,allowing gene activation and muscle differentiation, this pathway does not influence PRC2-EZH1 binding to chromatin, anticipating a novel PcG function
 in post-mitotic cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the phosphorylation of H3Ser28 by MSK1 plays a key role in epigenetic gene regulation and this modification is necessary for skeletal muscle differentiation.
Study of hybrid mixture explosions
Creators: name: Garcia Agreda, Anita
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2010

description: The work of this thesis aims at studying the explosive phenomenon of hybrid mixtures to get insights into the driving mechanisms and the explosion features affecting the course of hybrid mixture explosion. This is achieved by means of an extensive experimental study that developed in the following steps:
- Measurement of the ignitability and the explosion severity;
- Study of the flame propagation.
The explosion experiments were performed in a 20 l Siwek bomb; instead, the flame propagation experiments were performed in a new equipment: a tube of 1 m length and 7x7 cm square.
The hybrid mixture under examination was a mixture of methane and nicotinic acid in air.
Results allow the definition of four different regimes of the gas/dust/air mixture explosion in the plane dust concentration vs. fuel concentration. And the flame propagation behaviour of the mixture gives a further contribution to the explanation of the different regimes.
Rotating Black Holes on Codimension-2 Branes
Creators: name: Kiley, Derrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been demonstrated that certain types of non-tensional stress-energy can live on tensional codimension-2 branes, including gravitational shockwaves and small Schwarzschild black holes. In this note we generalize the earlier Schwarzschild results, and construct the exact gravitational fields of small rotating black holes on a codimension-2 brane. We focus on the phenomenologically interesting case of a three-brane embedded in a spacetime with two compactified extra dimensions. For a nonzero tension on the brane, we verify that these solutions also show the ``lightning rod'' effect found in the Schwarzschild solutions, the net effect of which is to rescale the fundamental Planck mass. This allows for larger black hole parameters, such as the event horizon, angular momentum, and lifetime than would be naively expected for a tensionless brane. It is also found that a black hole with angular momentum pointing purely along the brane directions has a smaller horizon angular velocity than the corresponding tensionless case, while a hole with bulk components of angular momentum has a larger angular velocity.
description: 7 pages, uses revtex
Alterazioni strutturali della lamina basale in lesioni aneurismatiche asimmetriche dell'aorta ascendente
Creators: name: Guerra, Germano
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Basal lamina (BL) is a crucial mechanical and functional component of blood vessels, constituting a sensor of extracellular microenvironment for endothelial cells and pericytes. Recently, an abnormality in the process of matrix microfibrillar component remodeling has been advocated as a mechanism involved in the development of aortic dilation. We focused our attention on BL composition and organization and studied some of the main components of the Extracellular Matrix such as Tenascin, Laminins, Fibronectin, type I, III and IV Collagens.  We used surgical fragments from 27 patients, submitted to operation because of aortic root aneurysm and 5 normal aortic wall specimens from heart donors without any evidence for aneurysmal or atherosclerotic diseases of the aorta. Two samples of aortic wall were harvested from each patient, proximal to the sinotubular junction at the aortic convexity and concavity. Each specimen was processed both for immunohistochemical examination and molecular biology study. We compared the convexity of each aortic sample with the concavity of the same vessel, and both of them with the control samples. The synthesis of mRNA and the levels of each protein were assessed, respectively, by RT-PCR and Western Blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry elucidated the organization of BL, whose composition was revealed by molecular biology. All pathological samples showed a wall thinner than normal ones. Basal lamina of the aortic wall evidentiated important changes in the tridimensional arrangement of its major components which lost their regular arrangement in pathological specimens. Collagen I, Laminin 2 chain and Fibronectin amounts decreased in pathological samples, while type IV Collagen  and Tenascin synthesis increased. Consistently with the common macroscopic observation that ascending aorta dilations tend to expand asymmetrically, with prevalent involvement of the vessel convexity and relative sparing of the concavity, Collagen type IV is more evident in the concavity and Tenascin in the convexity.
Effects of a multi-quark interaction on color superconducting phase transition in an extended NJL model
Creators: name: Kashiwa, Kouji
name: Matsuzaki, Masayuki
name: Kouno, Hiroaki
name: Yahiro, Masanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of the chiral and the color superconducting phase transitions in an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model with a multi-quark interaction that produces the nonlinear chiral-diquark coupling. We observe that this nonlinear coupling adds up coherently with the ω^2 interaction to produce the chiral-color superconductivity coexistence phase or cancel each other depending on its sign. We discuss that large coexistence region in the phase diagram is consistent with the quark-diquark picture for the nucleon whereas its smallness is the prerequisite for the applicability of the Ginzburg-Landau approach.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Increasing crop diversification with flower strips to improve natural pest control and pollination
Creators: name: Stalenga, Jarosław
name: Radzikowski, Paweł
name: Trugly, Bence
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: DiverIMPACTSPA
Strip cropping
Field
Cropping system
Ecosystem services

description: Problem Conventional pest control based on the use of synthetic insecticides is very effective, however this has important negative effects on the environment such as the loss of farmland biodiversity, especially in the group of invertebrates, including many beneficial organisms. Another key problem is the presence of insecticide residues in surface and ground water or, potentially, in harvested products. Solution Flower strips, adapted to particular crops, soil quality and pedoclimatic conditions, can significantly support natural pest control and pollination. Flower strips are a type of ecological compensation area and are defined as strips of species-rich plant mixtures on arable lands. They are aimed of delivering different ecosystem services (mainly natural pest control and pollination) and conserving biodiversity.
Sintesi e caratterizzazione di nanocompositi metallo-polimero per applicazioni funzionali avanzate
Creators: name: Esposito, Floriana
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Nel presente lavoro è stata realizzata la sintesi “in situ” di nanocompositi metallo-polimero mediante termolisi di precursori solforganici.
Nella tecnica “in situ”, la preparazione di nanoparticelle si ottiene tipicamente mediante reazioni in situ di un adatto precursore metallico, cioè la decomposizione è condotta in presenza del polimero. In pratica la tecnica “in situ” consiste nell’introduzione in polimero di un precursore, per esempio un sale organico o un complesso organo-metallico, successivamente ridotto all’interno del polimero stesso.
I metodi più diffusi si basano su riduzioni chimiche, foto-riduzioni e decomposizioni termiche o a mezzo di radiazioni ionizzanti (raggi γ, UV).
La tecnica “in situ” ed in particolare quella basata sulla termolisi di precursori inseriti nel polimero risulta conveniente essenzialmente per la sua semplicità e rapidità, dove non occorre un’elevata purezza chimica del prodotto finale.
Le caratteristiche morfologiche dei nanocompositi metallo-polimero sono influenzate dalla scelta di alcuni parametri quali il tipo di precursore metallico, il tipo di polimero, la temperatura e il tempo di annealing, ecc.
Con la tecnica qui descritta venivano preparati nanocompositi costituiti da una matrice polimerica di polistirene contenenti particelle metalliche o di solfuri metallici (Ag, Au, Co, Pd, Pt, Ni, Pb, PbS,  CuS, CdS, ZnS). Questi sistemi sono stati caratterizzati mediante microscopia elettronica a trasmissione (TEM), spettroscopia ottica (UV–Vis–Nir), diffrattometria a raggi х (XRD) ed in alcuni casi mediante calorimetria a scansione differenziale (DSC) ed analisi termogravimetrica (TGA).
Tali analisi sono state effettuate per poter valutare la natura delle inclusioni prodotte all’interno della matrice polimerica, la loro morfologia e la topologia  del sistema.
Updated Transfer Coefficients for Magnetized Plasmas
Creators: name: Marszewski, Andrew
name: Prather, Ben S.
name: Joshi, Abhishek V.
name: Pandya, Alex
name: Gammie, Charles F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate radiative transfer coefficients (emissivities, absorptivities, and rotativities) are needed for modeling radiation from relativistically hot, magnetized plasmas such as those found in Event Horizon Telescope sources. Here we review, update, and correct earlier work on radiative transfer coefficients. We also describe an improved method for numerically evaluating rotativities and provide convenient fitting formulae for the relativistic $κ$ distribution of electron energies.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, Accepted to ApJ
A gestational vulnerability window for smoking exposure and the increased risk of preterm birth: how timing and intensity of maternal smoking matter
Creators: name: Kondracki, Anthony
name: Hofferth, Sandra
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2019
Subjects: Preterm birth, Trimester, Pregnancy, Timing of smoking, Cessation

description: Background: Reducing the incidence of preterm birth is a national priority. Maternal cigarette smoking is strongly and consistently associated with preterm birth. The objective of this study was to examine prenatal exposure based on combined measures of timing (by trimester) and intensity level (the number of cigarettes smoked per day) of maternal smoking to identify a pregnancy period with the highest risk of preterm birth. Methods: A sample of 2,485,743 singleton births was drawn from the 2010 National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS) linked birth/infant death file of US residents in 33 states that implemented the revised 2003 birth certificate. Nine mutually exclusive smoking status categories were created to assess prenatal exposure across pregnancy in association with preterm birth. Gestational age was based on the obstetric estimate. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare the odds of preterm birth among women who smoked at different intensity levels in the second or third trimester with those who smoked only in the first trimester. Results: Overall, 7.95% of women had a preterm birth; 8.90% of low intensity (less than a pack/day) smokers in the first trimester only, 12.99% of low and 15.38% of high intensity (pack a day or more) smokers in the first two trimesters, and 10.56% of low and 11.35% of high intensity smokers in all three trimesters delivered preterm. First and second trimester high (aOR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.66, 2.06) and low intensity smokers (aOR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.41, 1.61) had higher odds of preterm birth compared to those who smoked less than a pack a day only in the first trimester, but the odds did not increase for all three trimester smokers relative to the first and second trimester smokers. In sensitivity analysis, adjustment for exposure misclassification error corrected data and testing for effect modification by maternal race/ ethnicity found no significant interaction. Conclusions: This study documented a biologically plausible vulnerability window for smoking exposure and the increased risk of preterm birth. For women who do not modify their smoking behavior preconception, preterm birth risk of smoking remains low until late in the first trimester.
Passive Cooling of a Micromechanical Oscillator with a Resonant Electric Circuit
Creators: name: Brown, K. R.
name: Britton, J.
name: Epstein, R. J.
name: Chiaverini, J.
name: Leibfried, D.
name: Wineland, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We cool the fundamental mode of a miniature cantilever by capacitively coupling it to a driven rf resonant circuit. Cooling results from the rf capacitive force, which is phase shifted relative to the cantilever motion. We demonstrate the technique by cooling a 7 kHz cantilever from room temperature to 45 K, obtaining reasonable agreement with a model for the cooling, damping, and frequency shift. Extending the method to higher frequencies in a cryogenic system could enable ground state cooling and may prove simpler than related optical experiments in a low temperature apparatus.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; minor changes to match published version
Normal State Nernst Effect in Electron-doped Pr2-xCexCuO4: Superconducting Fluctuations and Two-band Transport
Creators: name: Li, Pengcheng
name: Greene, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic study of normal state Nernst effect in the electron-doped cuprates Pr$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_{4-δ}$ over a wide range of doping (0.05$\leq x \leq$0.21) and temperature. At low temperatures, we observed a notable vortex Nernst signal above T$_c$ in the underdoped films, but no such normal state vortex Nernst signal is found in the overdoped region. The superconducting fluctuations in the underdoped region are most likely incoherent phase fluctuations as found in hole-doped cuprates. At high temperatures, a large normal state Nernst signal is found at dopings from slightly underdoped to highly overdoped. Combined with normal state thermoelectric power, Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements, the large Nernst effect is compatible with two-band model. For the highly overdoped films, the large Nernst effect is anomalous and not explainable with a simple hole-like Fermi surface seen in photoemission experiments.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted in PRB
Measured oscillations of the velocity and temperature fields in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a rectangular cell
Creators: name: Zhou, Sheng-Qi
name: Sun, Chao
name: Xia, Ke-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Temperature and velocity oscillations have been found in a rectangular Rayleigh-Bénard convection cell, in which one large scale convection roll exists. At $Ra=8.9 \times 10^{11}$ and $Pr=4$, temperature oscillation can be observed in most part of the system and the oscillation period remains almost constant, $t_T = 74 \pm 2$ seconds. Velocity oscillation can only be found in its horizontal component, $v_y$ (perpendicular to large scale circulation plane), near the cell sidewall, its oscillation period is also constant, $t_T = 65 \pm 2$ seconds, at these positions. Temperature and velocity oscillations have different Ra dependence, which are respectively indicated by Peclect number $Pe_T = 0.55Ra^{0.47}$ and $Pe_v = 0.28Ra^{0.50}$ . In comparison to the case of cylindrical cell, we find that the velocity oscillation is affected by the system geometry.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. submitted to PRE
A constructive proof of the existence of Viterbi processes
Creators: name: Lember, J.
name: Koloydenko, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since the early days of digital communication, hidden Markov models (HMMs) have now been also routinely used in speech recognition, processing of natural languages, images, and in bioinformatics. In an HMM $(X_i,Y_i)_{i\ge 1}$, observations $X_1,X_2,...$ are assumed to be conditionally independent given an ``explanatory'' Markov process $Y_1,Y_2,...$, which itself is not observed; moreover, the conditional distribution of $X_i$ depends solely on $Y_i$. Central to the theory and applications of HMM is the Viterbi algorithm to find {\em a maximum a posteriori} (MAP) estimate $q_{1:n}=(q_1,q_2,...,q_n)$ of $Y_{1:n}$ given observed data $x_{1:n}$. Maximum {\em a posteriori} paths are also known as Viterbi paths or alignments. Recently, attempts have been made to study the behavior of Viterbi alignments when $n\to \infty$. Thus, it has been shown that in some special cases a well-defined limiting Viterbi alignment exists. While innovative, these attempts have relied on rather strong assumptions and involved proofs which are existential. This work proves the existence of infinite Viterbi alignments in a more constructive manner and for a very general class of HMMs.
description: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, focuses on the proofs of the results presented in arXiv:0709.2317, and arXiv:0803.2394
On deciding stability of multiclass queueing networks under buffer priority scheduling policies
Creators: name: Gamarnik, David
name: Katz, Dmitriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K25, 90B22 (Primary)

description: One of the basic properties of a queueing network is stability. Roughly speaking, it is the property that the total number of jobs in the network remains bounded as a function of time. One of the key questions related to the stability issue is how to determine the exact conditions under which a given queueing network operating under a given scheduling policy remains stable. While there was much initial progress in addressing this question, most of the results obtained were partial at best and so the complete characterization of stable queueing networks is still lacking. In this paper, we resolve this open problem, albeit in a somewhat unexpected way. We show that characterizing stable queueing networks is an algorithmically undecidable problem for the case of nonpreemptive static buffer priority scheduling policies and deterministic interarrival and service times. Thus, no constructive characterization of stable queueing networks operating under this class of policies is possible. The result is established for queueing networks with finite and infinite buffer sizes and possibly zero service times, although we conjecture that it also holds in the case of models with only infinite buffers and nonzero service times. Our approach extends an earlier related work [Math. Oper. Res. 27 (2002) 272--293] and uses the so-called counter machine device as a reduction tool.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AAP597 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Cosmological Constraints on Neutrino Injection
Creators: name: Kanzaki, Toru
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Moroi, Takeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive general constraints on the relic abundances of a long-lived particle which mainly decays into a neutrino (and something else) at cosmological time scales. Such an exotic particle may show up in various particle-physics models based on physics beyond the standard model. The constraints are obtained from big-bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background and diffuse neutrino and photon fluxes, depending on the lifetime and the electromagnetic and hadronic branching ratios.
description: 33 pages, 23 figures
title: Introduction
Creators: name: Leslie, Carolyn
Publisher: name: CETAPS, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
Year: 2020

description: Introduction to issue no. 11-12
description: Leslie, Carolyn (2020-2021) “Introduction”, e-TEALS, 11-12, ISSN 1647-721X
THE PHENOMENON OF ABDULATIF MIRZA: AS SCIENTIST AND POET
Creators: name: Abdunosirova, Ozodakhan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this article, Abdulatif Mirza's scientific and creative activities, personal participation in cultural life are studied and analyzed based on historical sources. Some comments were made about Abdulatif Mirza's participation in literary processes.
Adaptive non-intrusive reconstruction of solutions to high-dimensional parametric PDEs
Creators: name: Eigel, Martin
name: Farchmin, Nando
name: Heidenreich, Sebastian
name: Trunschke, Philipp
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Uncertainty quantification
subject: adaptivity
subject: low-rank tensor regression
subject: tensor train
subject: parametric PDEs
subject: residual error estimator
subject: stochastic Galerkin FEM
subject: 15A69
subject: 62J02
subject: 65N15
subject: 65N35
subject: 65Y20

description: Numerical methods for random parametric PDEs can greatly benefit from adaptive refinement schemes, in particular when functional approximations are computed as in stochastic Galerkin and stochastic collocations methods. This work is concerned with a non-intrusive generalization of the adaptive Galerkin FEM with residual based error estimation. It combines the non-intrusive character of a randomized least-squares method with the a posteriori error analysis of stochastic Galerkin methods. The proposed approach uses the Variational Monte Carlo method to obtain a quasi-optimal low-rank approximation of the Galerkin projection in a highly efficient hierarchical tensor format. We derive an adaptive refinement algorithm which is steered by a reliable error estimator. Opposite to stochastic Galerkin methods, the approach is easily applicable to a wide range of problems, enabling a fully automated adjustment of all discretization parameters. Benchmark examples with affine and (unbounded) lognormal coefficient fields illustrate the performance of the non-intrusive adaptive algorithm, showing best-in-class performance.
ROC: An Ontology for Country Responses towards COVID-19
Creators: name: Qundus, Jamal Al
name: Schäfermeier, Ralph
name: Karam, Naouel
name: Peikert, Silvio
name: Paschke, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ROC ontology for country responses to COVID-19 provides a model for collecting, linking and sharing data on the COVID-19 pandemic. It follows semantic standardization (W3C standards RDF, OWL, SPARQL) for the representation of concepts and creation of vocabularies. ROC focuses on country measures and enables the integration of data from heterogeneous data sources. The proposed ontology is intended to facilitate statistical analysis to study and evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of government responses to COVID-19 in different countries. The ontology contains data collected by OxCGRT from publicly available information. This data has been compiled from information provided by ECDC for most countries, as well as from various repositories used to collect data on COVID-19.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Scaling Laws and Temperature Profiles for Solar and Stellar Coronal Loops with Non-uniform Heating
Creators: name: Martens, P. C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk of solar coronal radiative loss consists of soft X-ray emission from quasi-static loops at the cores of Active Regions. In order to develop diagnostics for determining the heating mechanism of these loops from observations by coronal imaging instruments, I have developed analytical solutions for the temperature structure and scaling laws of loop strands for a wide range of heating functions, including footpoint heating, uniform heating, and heating concentrated at the loop apex. Key results are that the temperature profile depends only weakly on the heating distribution -- not sufficiently to be of significant diagnostic value -- and that the scaling laws survive for this wide range of heating distributions, but with the constant of proportionality in the RTV scaling law ($P_{0}L \thicksim T_{max}^3$) depending on the specific heating function. Furthermore, quasi-static analytical solutions do not exist for an excessive concentration of heating near the loop footpoints, a result in agreement with recent numerical simulations. It is demonstrated that a generalization of the solutions to the case of a strand with a variable diameter leads to only relatively small correction factors in the scaling laws and temperature profiles for constant diameter loop strands. A quintet of leading theoretical coronal heating mechanisms is shown to be captured by the formalism of this paper, and the differences in thermal structure between them may be verified through observations. Preliminary results from full numerical simulations demonstrate that, despite the simplifying assumptions, the analytical solutions from this paper are stable and accurate.
description: 4 figures, two in two parts, i.e., 6 total. Submitted to ApJ
Neutrino flavor ratios as diagnostic of solar WIMP annihilation
Creators: name: Lehnert, Ralf
name: Weiler, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the neutrino (and antineutrino) flavors arriving at Earth for neutrinos produced in the annihilation of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in the Sun's core. Solar-matter effects on the flavor propagation of the resulting $\agt$ GeV neutrinos are studied analytically within a density-matrix formalism. Matter effects, including mass-state level-crossings, influence the flavor fluxes considerably. The exposition herein is somewhat pedagogical, in that it starts with adiabatic evolution of single flavors from the Sun's center, with $θ_{13}$ set to zero, and progresses to fully realistic processing of the flavor ratios expected in WIMP decay, from the Sun's core to the Earth. In the fully realistic calculation, non-adiabatic level-crossing is included, as are possible nonzero values for $θ_{13}$ and the CP-violating phase $δ$. Due to resonance enhancement in matter, nonzero values of $θ_{13}$ even smaller than a degree can noticeably affect flavor propagation. Both normal and inverted neutrino-mass hierarchies are considered. Our main conclusion is that measuring flavor ratios (in addition to energy spectra) of $\agt$ GeV solar neutrinos can provide discrinination between WIMP models. In particular, we demonstrate the flavor differences at Earth for neutrinos from the two main classes of WIMP final states, namely $W^+ W^-$ and 95% $b \bar{b}$ + 5% $τ^+τ^-$. Conversely, if WIMP properties were to be learned from production in future accelerators, then the flavor ratios of $\agt$ GeV solar neutrinos might be useful for inferring $θ_{13}$ and the mass hierarchy.
description: 30 pages, including 10 figures and 4 appendices
Visible spectroscopy in the neighborhood of 2003 EL61
Creators: name: Pinilla-Alonso, N.
name: Licandro, J.
name: Lorenzi, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The recent discovery of a group of trans-neptunian objects (TNOs) in a narrow region of the orbital parameter space and with surfaces composed of almost pure water ice, being 2003 EL61 its largest member, promises new and interesting results about the formation and evolution of the trans-neptunian belt (TNb) and the outer Solar System. Aims: The aim of this paper is to obtain information of the surface properties of two members of this group ((24835) 1995 SM55, (120178) 2003 OP32) and three potential members (2003 UZ117, (120347) 2004 SB60 and 2005 UQ513) and to use that in order to confirm or reject their association. Methods: We obtained visible spectra of five TNOs using the 3.58m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo at the ''Roque de los Muchachos Observatory'' (La Palma, Spain) Results: The spectra of the five TNOs are featureless within the uncertainties and with colors from slightly blue to red (-2< S'<18%/0.1microns). No signatures of any absorption are found. Conclusions: We confirm the association of 1995 SM55 and 2003 OP32 with the group of 2003 EL61 as their spectra are almost identical to that of 2003 EL61. Only one of the three candidates, 2003 UZ117, can be considered as a possible member of the EL61-group, as its visible spectrum is compatible with a spectrum of a surface composed of almost pure water ice and no complex organics. The other two, 2004 SB60 and 2005 UQ513 are red and must be considered as interlopers.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Asymmetric superconductivity in metallic systems
Creators: name: Continentino, Mucio A.
name: Padilha, Igor T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different types of superfluid ground states have been investigated in systems of two species of fermions with Fermi surfaces that do not match. This study is relevant for cold atomic systems, condensed matter physics and quark matter. In this paper we consider this problem in the case the fermionic quasi-particles can transmute into one another and only their total number is conserved. We use a BCS approximation to study superconductivity in two-band metallic systems with inter and intra-band interactions. Tuning the hybridization between the bands varies the mismatch of the Fermi surfaces and produces different instabilities. For inter-band attractive interactions we find a first order normal-superconductor and a homogeneous metastable phase with gapless excitations. In the case of intra-band interactions, the transition from the superconductor to the normal state as hybridization increases is continuous and associated with a quantum critical point. The case when both interactions are present is also considered.
description: new enlarged version, new title, 7 pages, 7 figures