cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Willingness to Pay for (Environmental) Collective Goods
Creators: name: Gogoll, Niklas
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Willingness to Pay
subject: Environmental Goods
subject: Collective Goods
subject: Public Goods
subject: Collective Action
subject: 330

description: Fridays for future, students for future, scientists for future… Environmental activism increased drastically in the last years resulting in a growing number of activists. While some of these activists live with a sustainable ecological footprint, others do not and pollute the environment in an unsustainable manner e.g. by flying frequently. One strand of economic literature interprets this (at first glance contradictory) behavior as an attitude-behavior-gap: Having a high preference should result in a high willingness to pay and therefore in an adaption of one’s own behavior, which is not the case for these activists. Not changing one’s behavior can easily be explained by the free rider problem caused by the marginality of one’s impact though. However, this in turn raises the question, why some people live sustainable, abstain from environment polluting goods hence have a willingness to pay for the environment. We argue that both kinds of behavior can be explained by separating the willingness to pay for public goods. Since collective action is hard to sustain reciprocally and without the intervention of a (public) entity, especially for large public goods, two willingness to pay for a public good have to be considered instead – one for the private and one for the public provision of the public good. Assuming that both types of environmental activists understand, that their own contribution is marginally small, this dissertation argues – first in a theoretical model and then in an empirical application – that the willingness to pay for public goods in the private case is actually only dependent on the preference for other (mainly social) incentives – e.g. to silence one’s conscience or for reputational reasons. The unsustainable type of environmental activist just has a lower willingness to pay for social incentives compared to the sustainable typ. Only if the state interferes, the preference for the public good will be considered in the decision-making process of individuals. Consequently, it proposes a different form of measuring the willingness to pay for public goods – the so-called Quasi-Monarch. As a Quasi-Monarch, one individual can hypothetically dictate the contribution of all individuals including herself. In this scenario, no one would have an incentive to not state their “real” willingness to pay for the respective good.
RADAMESH: Cosmological Radiative Transfer for Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations
Creators: name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Porciani, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new three-dimensional radiative transfer (RT) code, RADAMESH, based on a ray-tracing, photon-conserving and adaptive (in space and time) scheme. RADAMESH uses a novel Monte Carlo approach to sample the radiation field within the computational domain on a "cell-by-cell" basis. Thanks to this algorithm, the computational efforts are now focused where actually needed, i.e. within the Ionization-fronts (I-fronts). This results in an increased accuracy level and, at the same time, a huge gain in computational speed with respect to a "classical" Monte Carlo RT, especially when combined with an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) scheme. Among several new features, RADAMESH is able to adaptively refine the computational mesh in correspondence of the I-fronts, allowing to fully resolve them within large, cosmological boxes. We follow the propagation of ionizing radiation from an arbitrary number of sources and from the recombination radiation produced by H and He. The chemical state of six species (HI, HII, HeI, HeII, HeIII, e) and gas temperatures are computed with a time-dependent, non-equilibrium chemistry solver. We present several validating tests of the code, including the standard tests from the RT Code Comparison Project and a new set of tests aimed at substantiating the new characteristics of RADAMESH. Using our AMR scheme, we show that properly resolving the I-front of a bright quasar during Reionization produces a large increase of the predicted gas temperature within the whole HII region. Also, we discuss how H and He recombination radiation is able to substantially change the ionization state of both species (for the classical Stroemgren sphere test) with respect to the widely used "on-the-spot" approximation.
description: 19 pages, 24 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS, version with high-resolution figures is avalaible at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~cantal/Papers/CP10.pdf
Optical Aharonov-Bohm Effect on Wigner Molecules in Type-II Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Okuyama, Rin
name: Eto, Mikio
name: Hyuga, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically examine the magnetoluminescence from a trion and a biexciton in a type-II semiconductor quantum dot, in which holes are confined inside the quantum dot and electrons are in a ring-shaped region surrounding the quantum dot. First, we show that two electrons in the trion and biexciton are strongly correlated to each other, forming a Wigner molecule: Since the relative motion of electrons is frozen, they behave as a composite particle whose mass and charge are twice those of a single electron. As a result, the energy of the trion and biexciton oscillates as a function of magnetic field with half the period of the single-electron Aharonov-Bohm oscillation. Next, we evaluate the photoluminescence. Both the peak position and peak height change discontinuously at the transition of the many-body ground state, implying a possible observation of the Wigner molecule by the optical experiment.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Stable Heating of Cluster Cooling Flows by Cosmic-Ray Streaming
Creators: name: Fujita, Yutaka
name: Ohira, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study heating of cool cores in galaxy clusters by cosmic-ray (CR) streaming using numerical simulations. In this model, CRs are injected by the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and move outward with Alfven waves. The waves are excited by the streaming itself and become non-linear. If magnetic fields are large enough, CRs can prevail in and heat the entire core because of a large Alfven velocity. We find that the CR streaming can stably heat both high and low temperature clusters for a long time without the assistance of thermal conduction, and it can prevent the development of massive cooling flows. If there is even minor contribution of thermal conduction, the heating can be more stabilized. We discuss the reason of the stability and indicate that the CR pressure is insensitive to the change of intracluster medium (ICM), and that the density dependence of the heating term is similar to that of the radiative cooling.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Network Structure Inference: Methodology and Applications
Creators: name: Brugere, Ivan C
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Networks represent relationships between entities in many complex systems, spanning from online social interactions to biological cell development and brain connectivity. In these applications, we start with a question or hypothesis that the network helps answer about the system: what are the spreading dynamics of a virus through human contact? How do regions of the brain coordinate to achieve certain tasks? How will a drug or treatment affect the proteins interacting within a cell? To what extent is an individual's behavior or preferences explained by their social circle? Networks are typically derived from underlying data, e.g. sensors, user activity sequences. The network definition that best answers each of these questions is unknown and must be measured over many candidate networks. The many modeling choices in this network definition are often overlooked. Even when the network definition may seem unambiguous (e.g. declared edges in online social networks, co-authorship in publication networks), time scale, tie strength, interaction type, and other challenges all affect the network definition. In short, defining the best network is challenging, and impacts the subsequent analyses in every network application. Existing approaches use specialized knowledge and rules-of-thumb in different domains to define the network and evaluate its utility. However, current research lacks a rigorous methodology that employs standard statistical validation. In this thesis, I examine (1) how network representations are defined on underlying non-network data, (2) the variety of questions and tasks on these data over several domains, and (3) propose validation strategies for measuring the inferred network's capability of answering questions on the original system of interest. I introduce a task-focused network structure inference and model selection methodology, and a principled measurement of model utility over arbitrary representations and tasks. Using this general methodology, I apply network structure inference to user reviews and recommendation systems, geo-social networks in behavioral ecology, and data privacy in networks.
The Transit Light Curve Project. XIII. Sixteen Transits of the Super-Earth GJ 1214b
Creators: name: Carter, Joshua A.
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Holman, Matthew J.
name: Fabrycky, Daniel
name: Berta, Zachory K.
name: Burke, Christopher J.
name: Nutzman, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical photometry of 16 transits of the super-Earth GJ 1214b, allowing us to refine the system parameters and search for additional planets via transit timing. Starspot-crossing events are detected in two light curves, and the star is found to be variable by a few percent. Hence, in our analysis, special attention is given to systematic errors that result from star spots. The planet-to-star radius ratio is 0.11610+/-0.00048, subject to a possible upward bias by a few percent due to the unknown spot coverage. Even assuming this bias to be negligible, the mean density of planet can be either 3.03+/-0.50 g cm^{-3} or 1.89+/-0.33 g cm^{-3}, depending on whether the stellar radius is estimated from evolutionary models or from an empirical mass-luminosity relation combined with the light curve parameters. One possible resolution is that the orbit is eccentric (e approximately equal to 0.14), which would favor the higher density, and hence a much thinner atmosphere for the planet. The transit times were found to be periodic within about 15s, ruling out the existence of any other super-Earths with periods within a factor-of-two of the known planet.
description: Accepted in ApJ
title: ВЛИЯНИЕ КУКУРУЗНОГО ЭКСТРАКТА НА МЯСНЫЕ  КАЧЕСТВА ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ
Creators: name: Осепчук, Денис Васильевич
name: Свистунов, Андрей Анатольевич
name: Агаркова, Наталья Васильевна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2021

description: В статье приводятся результаты влияния скармливания полнорационных комби-кормов с 6,5 % кукурузного экстракта на мясные качества цыплят-бройлеров кросса Arbor Acres. Установлено, что скармливание рационов с кукурузным экстрактом может способствовать повышению интенсивности роста птицы, улучшению её мясных качеств при увеличении уровня рентабельности.
Phase diagrams of colloidal spheres with a constant zeta-potential
Creators: name: Smallenburg, Frank
name: Boon, Niels
name: Kater, Maarten
name: Dijkstra, Marjolein
name: van Roij, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study suspensions of colloidal spheres with a constant zeta-potential within Poisson-Boltzmann theory, quantifying the discharging of the spheres with increasing colloid density and decreasing salt concentration. We use the calculated renormalized charge of the colloids to determine their pairwise effective screened-Coulomb repulsions. Bulk phase diagrams in the colloid concentration-salt concentration representation follow, for various zeta-potentials, by a mapping onto published fits of phase boundaries of point-Yukawa systems. Although the resulting phase diagrams do feature face-centered cubic (fcc) and body-centered cubic (bcc) phases, they are dominated by the (re-entrant) fluid phase due to the colloidal discharging with increasing colloid concentration and decreasing salt concentration.
description: 6 figures
Corporate security governance : multinational mining companies and the local political economy of violence in Peru
Creators: name: Gamu, Jonathan Kishen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Multinational corporations (MNCs) from the global mining industry have become increasingly active in security governance in areas of limited statehood. Since 2000 they have used dialogue and development activities to mitigate security risks associated with their operations. However, despite a proliferation of community engagement initiatives, violent protest in relation to industrial mining has risen globally. Accordingly, I analyze the efficacy of MNCs as security governors within the context of Peru’s mining sector. Over the past fifteen years this country has experienced a dramatic increase in mining-related social conflict, yet industrial mining has had heterogeneous effects locally. Using the subnational comparative method, I examine four cases that exhibit variation in conflict intensity in order to analyze the factors influencing MNCs’ impact on security. I argue that MNCs’ ability to mitigate violent social conflict is best explained using an analytical framework that accounts for the political economy of contention within which firms are embedded, and the intra-firm politics that determine their behaviour vis-à-vis civil society. The political economy of contention exogenous to firms establishes a local security baseline, predicting generic social conflict risks and patterns of violence likely to emerge during specific protest episodes. Given this external milieu, the organizational politics of the firm will determine its marginal effect. Firms that marginalize the voice of their community relations subunit are more likely to utilize coercion and cooptation alongside dialogue and development. However, heterogeneity in their security outputs undermines MNCs’ legitimacy as socially responsible agents, and hence the ability of community engagement to peacefully manage social conflict. This study constitutes one of the first systematic efforts to theorize and empirically evaluate the efficacy of MNCs’ local level security governing activities, a subject that has been understudied within the global governance literature. I find that while some MNCs have made modest short-term contributions to security, most have failed to construct conditions for sustainable, positive peace. The evidence presented challenges the prevailing conceptualization of MNCs as agents imbued with capacity-based governing authority, a form of governing legitimacy that is said to derive from their financial resources and perceived efficacy at achieving objectives.
Characteristics of Kepler Planetary Candidates Based on the First Data Set: The Majority are Found to be Neptune-Size and Smaller
Creators: name: Borucki, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the spring of 2009, the Kepler Mission commenced high-precision photometry on nearly 156,000 stars to determine the frequency and characteristics of small exoplanets, conduct a guest observer program, and obtain asteroseismic data on a wide variety of stars. On 15 June 2010 the Kepler Mission released data from the first quarter of observations. At the time of this publication, 706 stars from this first data set have exoplanet candidates with sizes from as small as that of the Earth to larger than that of Jupiter. Here we give the identity and characteristics of 306 released stars with planetary candidates. Data for the remaining 400 stars with planetary candidates will be released in February 2011. Over half the candidates on the released list have radii less than half that of Jupiter. The released stars include five possible multi-planet systems. One of these has two Neptune-size (2.3 and 2.5 Earth-radius) candidates with near-resonant periods.
description: Paper to accompany Kepler's June 15, 2010 data release; submitted to Astrophysical Journal Figures 1,2,& 3 revised. Improved labeling on all figures. Slight changes to planet frequencies in results
Ефективність обманних рухів в сучасному волейболі: напад
Creators: name: Цибанюк О.О.
name: Молдован А.Д.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Одним із важливих елементів ефективної атаки у волейболі є використання обманних рухів (фінтів), які дозволяють дезорієнтувати суперника, знизити ефективність його захисних дій та створити сприятливі умови для результативного удару. Обманні рухи можуть застосовуватися як на рівні індивідуальної техніки нападників, так і в межах командної тактики. У рамках дослідження проведено педагогічний експеримент за участю волейболістів, спрямований на вдосконалення навичок виконання фінтів у нападі. Використання спеціальних комплексів вправ, спрямованих на розвиток координації, спритності та швидкісно-силових характеристик, дозволило суттєво підвищити ефективність атакуючих дій команди. Було зафіксовано збільшення кількості успішних атак із використанням фінтів. Включення обманних рухів до системи підготовки волейболістів сприятиме підвищенню їхньої тактичної варіативності та результативності атак.
title: Spectroscopy-Driven Characterization of Degradation-Induced Changes in Sheep Parchment for Early Damage Assessment
Creators: name: Malissa, Antonia
name: Cappa, Federica
name: Schreiner, Manfred
name: Marchetti-Deschmann, Martina
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2023
Subjects: spectroscopy
collagen
damage assessment

description: Introduction Parchment functioned as primary writing support for centuries until paper production was introduced at the end of Medieval times. Since parchment is mostly obtained from the dermis of various animal skins, different types of collagens form the material’s main structure. Furthermore, especially sheep parchment comprises a high fat content [1]. Considering that parchment documents are highly affected by environmental stress, e.g. light, humidity or gaseous pollutants (like SO2, NOx, O3), knowledge and early identification of degradation- induced chemical modifications of its components are important for proper damage assessment and conservation. Methods Within this study we combine artificial aging of sheep parchments with analysis by Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR) and complementing μ-Raman spectroscopy. One sample set was exposed to artificial sunlight (295- 3000 nm) for one month. Another sample batch was aged at 80 %RH combined with 50 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) for one week. Subsequently, band deconvolution was performed on specific spectral regions of interests supported by multivariate data analysis. Results Most studies on parchment degradation focus on the effects of light and temperature analyzing superficial changes of the amide I and II band or apparent formation of vibration bands after longer aging experiments. Therefore, the present work addressed parchment degradation not only induced by light but also by less studied SO2. Our approach employing non-invasive spectroscopic analysis and band deconvolution revealed changes in collagen’s secondary structure using the amide I and II bands (IR and Raman) and the so far less considered amide III band (Raman). Additional changes of the content of specific amino acids or the transition of stabilizing disulfide bridges could be further identified as early-stage signals for a progressing loss of collagen’s structural stability in the Raman fingerprint region below 1000 cm-1. The analysis of proteinaceous constituents was complemented by the detailed analysis of light- induced degradation phenomena of lipids (CH-stretching bands) in sheep parchment. Innovative aspects • Revealing hidden signs of humidity-/SO2-induced degradation in amide I, II and III bands • Identification of degradation-indicating changes in amino acid composition and structural units • Detailed, novel spectroscopic analysis of light-induced lipid degradation in sheep parchment Acknowledgements Parchment samples were kindly provided by Jiri Vnoucek (Kongelige Bibliotek, Denmark).
Cosmology of the selfaccelerating third order Galileon
Creators: name: Mota, David F.
name: Sandstad, Marit
name: Zlosnik, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we start from the original formulation of the galileon model with the original choice for couplings to gravity. Within this framework we find that there is still a subset of possible Lagrangians that give selfaccelerating solutions with stable spherically symmetric solutions. This is a certain constrained subset of the third order galileon which has not been explored before. We develop and explore the background cosmological evolution of this model drawing intuition from other even more restricted galileon models. The numerical results confirm the presence of selfacceleration, but also reveals a possible instability with respect to galileon perturbations.
description: 30 pages, 24 figures
Which Innovations for a Circular Business Model? A Product Life-Cycle Approach
Creators: name: Chioatto, Elisa
name: Zecca, Emy
name: D’Amato, Alessio
name: Chioatto, Elisa
name: Zecca, Emy
name: D’Amato, Alessio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Resource Efficiency
subject: Eco-Innovation
subject: Circular Economy
subject: Circular Eco-Innovation
subject: Circular Business Models
subject: Small and Medium Enterprises

description: The Circular Economy concept has emerged to face current unsustainable economic trends. Circularity requires to go beyond mainstream linear business models in favour of new design strategies and production processes able to support an efficient use and a continuous flow of resources. Clarifying and promoting tools for embedding circularity in firms’ business models is becoming crucial to increase resource productivity and achieve competitive advantages. Notwithstanding eco-innovation has been recognized as a fundamental link to connect circular economy with business models restructuring, still little consensus exists on the boundaries and interlinkages among the concepts of Eco-Innovation, Circular Economy and Circular Business Models. This research contributes to the intersection of these different streams of the literature, and aims to understand which innovations can favour the transition from linear to closed-loop processes, and then to identify circular business models. Relying on a review of circular-oriented innovations, we recognize three main groups of innovations that are expected to change firms’ way of doing business in accordance with circularity, leading to the identification of an original Product Life-Cycle Archetype. Finally, relying on survey data in Emilia Romagna region, we check for the reliability of our theoretical framework in practice, analysing firms’ business strategies from a practical perspective and assessing the current implementation of an innovative path in accordance with circular priorities. The analysis reveals a positive engagement amongst the analysed firms in Emilia Romagna, in terms of cleaner production strategies. By contrast, any business innovation linked to the circular use of products has been found to be implemented.
Documenting Fading Cultural and Communicative Practices
Creators: name: Felix Ameka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: linguistics
language documentation

description: Documenting Fading Cultural and Communicative Practices

Felix Ameka

Presented 6 October 2022 at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities at the Conference Where Do We Need to Go From Here? - Language Documentation and Archiving,  in the UNESCO International Decade of Indigenous Languages
Comparing Whiteboard and 3D Animation in Visualization of Neuron-like Bacterial Communication in Biofilms
Creators: name: McGuinness, Sarah F
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Whiteboard animation presents a possible solution to communicating complex, interdisciplinary, health-related science topics to both health professionals and scientists with a range of prior knowledge. However, the efficacy of whiteboard animation is not well studied, and its best practices remain undefined. Discovery research in Dr. Prindle’s laboratory at Northwestern’s Feinberg School of Medicine has found a novel method of bacterial communication in Bacillus subtilis. This novel form of bacterial electrochemical signaling is neuron-like in that the signals are mediated by potassium ion channels. Individuals at UIC were recruited from the Schools of Medicine and Dentistry. The project resulted in a 3D computer-based animation and a 2D whiteboard animation showing how bacterial electrochemical communication in biofilms works and played over the same narration. The 3D and whiteboard animation were evaluated for viewer engagement, preference, and knowledge gained on a sample population of students primarily in the fields of science and/or medicine. Participants who saw the whiteboard animation first demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge gained. Viewers who preferred the whiteboard animation reported significantly lower levels of cognitive load than the viewers who preferred the 3D animation. Data analysis revealed that knowledge transfer and spatial reasoning are moderately positively correlated. This project’s results may inform best practices for whiteboard animation relying on the conceptual frameworks of human cognition and multimedia learning. This project may also lead to further applications of whiteboard animation in biocommunication between health professionals and scientists. Whiteboard animation provides a more accessible threshold animation in that it can be less demanding on time, resources, money, and technical expertise, and it can potentially avoid cognitive overload, providing a highly efficient mechanism of biocommunication.
title: Metaphors of London fog, smoke and mist in Victorian and Edwardian Art and Literature
Creators: name: Corton, Christine Linda
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Julian Wolfreys has argued that after 1850 writers employed stock images of the city without allowing them to transform their texts. This thesis argues, on the contrary, that metaphorical uses of London fog were complex and subtle during the Victorian and Edwardian periods, at least until 1914. Fog represented, in particular, formlessness and the dissolution of boundaries. Examining the idea of fog in literature, verse, newspaper accounts and journal articles, as well as in the visual arts, as part of a common discourse about London and the state of its inhabitants, this thesis charts how the metaphorical appropriation of this idea changed over time. Four of Dickens's novels are used to track his use of fog as part of a discourse of the natural and unnatural in individual and society, identifying it with London in progressively more negative terms. Visual representations of fog by Constable, Turner, Whistler, Monet, Markino, O'Connor, Roberts and Wyllie and Coburn showed an increasing readiness to engage with this discourse. Social tensions in the city in the 1880s were articulated in art as well as in fiction. Authors like Hay and Barr showed the destruction of London by its fog because of its inhabitants' supposed degeneracy. As the social threat receded, apocalyptic scenarios gave way to a more optimistic view in the work of Owen and others. Henry James used fog as a metaphorical representation of the boundaries of gendered behaviour in public, and the problems faced by women who crossed them. The dissertation also examines fog and individual transgression, in novels and short stories by Lowndes, Stevenson, Conan Doyle and Joseph Conrad. After 1914, fog was no more than a crude signifier of Victorian London in literature, film and, later, television, deployed as a cliche instead of the subtle metaphorical idea discussed in this thesis.
Evaluation and Training Metrics for Medical Image Segmentation
Creators: name: Andreoni, Maddalena Andreoli
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This thesis will define and develop twenty metrics that are computed over tumor segmentation in medical MRI images and that aim to describe such segmentation in an objective and quantitative way. It will proceed to compute each metric over the Brain Tumor Image Segmentation Benchmark dataset to show their descriptiveness over real data. Subsequently it will attempt classification of tumor grade label using the defined metrics.
Probing degenerate two-level atomic media by coherent optical heterodyning
Creators: name: Akulshin, A. M.
name: McLean, R. J.
name: Sidorov, A. I.
name: Hannaford, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze how light-induced coherent population oscillations and ground-state Zeeman coherence in an atomic medium with degenerate two-level transitions can modify spectra of applied cw resonant radiation at the sub-mW power level. The use of mutually coherent optical fields and heterodyne detection schemes allows spectral resolution at kHz level, well below the laser linewidth. We find that ground-state Zeeman coherence may facilitate nonlinear wave mixing while coherent population oscillations are responsible for phase and amplitude modulation of the applied fields. Conditions for the generation of new optical fields by nonlinear wave mixing in degenerate two-level atomic media are formulated.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Quantitative Analysis and Automated Classification of Retinal Images
Creators: name: Minhaj Nur Alam
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Retina is a complex sensory tissue located at the back of the eye, often considered crucial for diagnosis of systematic diseases and retinopathies. Therefore, quantitative retinal imaging and developing imaging biomarkers are of great scientific and clinical interest. In current literature, color fundus photography has been most commonly used for eye disease screening, diagnosis and treatment assessment, but the spatial resolution and image contrast are limited to reveal subtle distortions in early stages of eye diseases. Other imaging modalities such as scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and adaptive optics (AO) imaging systems are unable to differentiate individual retinal neural layers and vascular plexuses. In recent years, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been extensively employed for depth-resolved examination of morphological abnormalities due to its unprecedented capability to differentiate individual functional layers. Adding power to the OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA) is a new imaging modality that provides high resolution blood flow information in individual retina plexuses. However, since it is a new imaging modality, quantitative OCTA analysis and investigative studies are required to standardize objective interpretation of clinical outcomes. In this dissertation, extensive studies have been conducted to investigate OCTA features for quantitative analysis and objective classification of different retinopathies. Within the overarching scope of this dissertation, new OCTA imaging biomarkers were developed, strategies for artery-vein (AV) classification in OCTA were demonstrated, and the OCTA features were demonstrated and validated for diagnostic analysis and machine learning based automated classification of retinal diseases. Utilizing the developed OCTA imaging biomarkers, AV classification techniques and AI based classification tools demonstrated in this dissertation can be beneficial in providing diagnostic support to ophthalmologists and efficient clinical screening of different types of retinopathies.
Registration of preoperative CT to intraoperative ultrasound via a statistical wrist model for scaphoid fracture fixation
Creators: name: Anas, Emran Mohammad Abu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Scaphoid fracture is the most probable outcome of wrist injury and it often occurs due to sudden fall on an outstretched arm. To fix an acute non-displaced fracture, a volar percutaneous surgical procedure is highly recommended as it provides faster healing and better biomechanical outcome to the recovered wrist. Conventionally, this surgical procedure is performed under X-ray based fluoroscopic guidance, where surgeons need to mentally determine a trajectory of the drilling path based on a series of 2D projection images. In addition to challenges associated with mapping 2D information to a 3D space, the process involves exposure to ionizing radiation. Ultrasound (US) has been suggested as an alternate; US has many advantages including its non-ionizing nature and real-time 3D acquisition capability. US images are, however, difficult to interpret as they are often corrupted by significant amounts of noise or artifact, in addition, the appearance of the bone surfaces in an US image contains only a limited view of the true surfaces. In this thesis, I propose techniques to enable ultrasound guidance in scaphoid fracture fixation by augmenting intraoperative US images with preoperative computed tomography (CT) images via a statistical anatomical model of the wrist. One of the major contributions is the development of a multi-object statistical wrist shape+scale+pose model from a group of subjects at wide range of wrist positions. The developed model is then used to register with the preoperative CT to obtain the shapes and sizes of the wrist bones. The intraoperative procedure starts with a novel US bone enhancement technique that takes advantage of an adaptive wavelet filter bank to accurately highlight the bone responses in US. The improved bone enhancement in turn enables a registration of the statistical pose model to intraoperative US to estimate the optimal scaphoid screw axis for guiding the surgical procedure. In addition to this sequential registration technique, I propose a joint registration technique that allows a simultaneous fusion of the US and CT data for an improved registration output. We conduct a cadaver experiment to determine the accuracy of the registration process, and compare the results with the ground truth.
title: Arterial ischaemic stroke in a pediatric patient with COVID-19
Creators: name: Ferrando Blanco, David
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Paediatric radiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Infection
subject: Inflammation
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 6-year-old boy was admitted to the emergency department with right hemiparesis, one month after being diagnosed with COVID 19 by RT-PCR.

description: 6 years, male
Proceedings Sixth Workshop on Developments in Computational Models: Causality, Computation, and Physics
Creators: name: Cooper, S. Barry
name: Panangaden, Prakash
name: Kashefi, Elham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: DCM 2010 provides a forum for ideas about new computing means and models, with a particular emphasis in 2010 on computational and causal models related to physics and biology. We believe that bringing together different approaches - in a community with the strong foundational background characteristic of FLoC - results in inspirational cross-boundary exchanges, and innovative further research. Day two of this pre-FLoC 2010 workshop is given over to physics and quantum related computation. The content of day one is more typical of previous DCM workshops - covering a full spectrum of topics related to the development of new computational models or new features for traditional computational models. DCM 2010 was designed to foster interactions, and provide a forum for presenting new ideas and work in progress. It is also intended to enable newcomers to learn about current research in this area.
Predicting Parkinson’s Disease in Rural America Based on Initial Examination Data
Creators: name: Joerg Heintz
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Neurological disorders are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the US, whereby Parkinson’s is one of the most common. Increasing incident rates and a continuous shortfall of neurologists is prevalent. Additionally, neurophobia has been identified in medical student cohorts, residents and among general practitioners, which gives concern regarding care delivery for neurological patients. Even more dramatic is the situation in rural areas. More patients have to be treated by physicians and primary care providers without formal neurologic training. The American Journal of Managed Care just reported results from a poll that 26% of Parkinson patients having been misdiagnosed. Little publications can be found on Parkinson’s from the perspective of Primary Care Physicians. This thesis closes this gap and takes the angle of a Primary Care Physician. In this study a prediction model is developed that addresses partially the need for better PD detection in primary care in rural settings, and the shortage of neurologists. The model uses machine learning and routinely accessible data to Primary Care Physicians and allows to discriminate between HC and PD with an accuracy of 92 to 96%. This model could assist PCPs with a specificity >96% (LR) and sensitivity >97% (RF) in the triaging process and potentially reduce the number of referrals to neurologists by giving PCPs greater confidence in whether a subject shows sufficient symptom to be diagnosed with Parkinson's.
title: Zur Erinnerung an Herrn Prof. Dr. Eduard Hagenbach-Bischoff
title: geboren den 20. Februar 1833, gestorben den 23. Dezember 1910
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Salis, Arnold Von
name: Stähelin, Johann Ernst
name: Mühll, Karl Von Der
Publisher: name: Emil Birkhäuser
Year: 1910
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Hagenbach-Bischoff, Eduard

description: Enthält: Ansprache gehalten bei der Beerdigungsfeier am 26. Dezember 1910 zu St. Peter durch Herrn A. v. Salis, Pfarrer am Münster ; Worte im Trauerhause gesprochen während der Beerdigungsfeier von Herrn Pfarrer Ernst Stähelin ; Worte am Grabe gesprochen von Herrn Prof. Dr. Karl Von der Mühll, Rektor der Universität Basel
Universal entropy bound and discrete space-time
Creators: name: Xu, Yunqi
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the universal entropy bounds suggested by Bekenstein and Susskind and applying them to the black-body radiation situation, we get a cut-off of space $ Δx \geq χl_{\mathrm{P}}$ with $χ\geq 0.1$. We go further to get a cut-off of time $ Δt \geq χl_{\mathrm{P}}/c $, thus, the discrete space-time structure is obtained. With the discrete space-time, we can explain the uncertainty principle. Based on the hypothesis of information theory and the entropy of black holes, we get the precise value of the parameter $χ$ and demonstrate the reason why the entropy bounds hold.
description: 9 latex pages, no figure, final version for journal publication
The Circular City and the Building Sector
Creators: name: Franz, Gianfranco
name: Franz, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Circular Economy
subject: Circular City
subject: Sustainability
subject: Building Industry

description: The essay deals with the issue of urban circularity understood as a subset of the Circular Economy paradigm, highlighting potential and limits of an emerging new model spreading on a global scale. The critical reasoning starts from a very recent production of institutional documents and the still reduced scientific production around and over this topic to propose an unorthodox interpretation on the relationship between circularity and city. The building industry is considered as a key sector to promote and improve circularity in cities and some experimental case studies are presented as a proof of the relevant potentials. The essay attempts a synthetic revision of the state of the art in Italy.
title: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ КУКУРУЗНОГО ЭКСТРАКТА В КОРМЛЕНИИ  ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ
Creators: name: Свистунов, Андрей Анатольевич
name: Агаркова, Наталья Васильевна
name: Осепчук, Денис Васильевич
name: Перезва, Анжела Андреевна
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ КНЦЗВ
Year: 2021

description: В статье приводятся результаты исследования, направленные на изучение кормовой добавки, полученной на основе глубокой переработки зерна кукурузы. Было установлено положительное влияние кукурузного сгущенного экстракта на интенсивность роста цыплят-бройлеров.
The impact of the ATLAS zero-lepton, jets and missing momentum search on a CMSSM fit
Creators: name: Allanach, B. C.
name: Khoo, T. J.
name: Lester, C. G.
name: Williams, S. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent ATLAS data significantly extend the exclusion limits for supersymmetric particles. We examine the impact of such data on global fits of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) to indirect and cosmological data. We calculate the likelihood map of the ATLAS search, taking into account systematic errors on the signal and on the background. We validate our calculation against the ATLAS determinaton of 95% confidence level exclusion contours. A previous CMSSM global fit is then re-weighted by the likelihood map, which takes a bite at the high probability density region of the global fit, pushing scalar and gaugino masses up.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures. v2 has bigger figures and fixed typos. v3 has clarified explanation of our handling of signal systematics
Is Environmentalism the Right Strategy to Decarbonize the World?
Creators: name: Marini, Marco A.
name: Tarola, Ornella
name: Thisse, Jacques-François
name: Marini, Marco A.
name: Tarola, Ornella
name: Thisse, Jacques-François
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmentalism
subject: Psychic Costs and Benefits
subject: Vertical Product Differentiation
subject: Environmental Policy

description: We study how the supply of environmentalism, which is de ned by psychic bene ts (costs) associated with the purchase of high-environmental (low-environmental) qualities, a¤ects the way rms choose their products and the ensuing consequences for the global level of pollution. Contrary to general belief, a high supply of environmentalism does not give rise to a better environmental outcome because it endows rms with more market power which they use to maximize pro ts. By contrast, standard policy instruments such as a minimum quality standard or the use of greener technologies leads to a better ecological footprint.
Deconfinement and Chiral Symmetry Restoration in a Strong Magnetic Background
Creators: name: Gatto, Raoul
name: Ruggieri, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a model study of deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration in a strong magnetic background. We use a Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with the Polyakov loop, taking into account a possible dependence of the coupling on the Polyakov loop expectation value, as suggested by the recent literature. Our main result is that, within this model, the deconfinement and chiral crossovers of QCD in strong magnetic field are entangled even at the largest value of $eB$ considered here, namely $eB=30 m_π^2$ (that is, $B \approx 6\times 10^{15}$ Tesla). The amount of split that we measure is, at this value of $eB$, of the order of 2%. We also study briefly the role of the 8-quark term on the entanglement of the two crossovers. We then compare the phase diagram of this model with previous results, as well as with available Lattice data.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, RevTeX 4-1 style. Some reference added. Some typos corrected. To appear on Physical Review D