Archeuptychia Forster 1964
Creators: name: Espeland, Marianne
name: Nakahara, Shinichi
name: Zacca, Thamara
name: Barbosa, Eduardo P.
name: Huertas, Blanca
name: Marín, Mario A.
name: Lamas, Gerardo
name: Benmesbah, Mohamed
name: Brévignon, Christian
name: Casagrande, Mirna M.
name: Fåhraeus, Christer
name: Grishin, Nick
name: Kawahara, Akito Y.
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Miller, Jacqueline Y.
name: Nakamura, Ichiro
name: Navas, Vanessa
name: Patrusky, Brooke
name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Richards, Lindsay
name: Tan, Denise
name: Tyler, Stephanie
name: Viloria, Angel
name: Warren, Andrew D.
name: Xiao, Lei
name: Freitas, André V. L.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Archeuptychia

description: <i>Archeuptychia</i> clade The ‘ <i>Archeuptychia</i> clade’ is a relatively small clade recognized in Espeland et al. (2019a), and that work showed its placement as a weakly supported sister group to the much larger ‘ <i>Splendeuptychia</i> clade’, which is also found in the extended backbone tree in this study (Figure S 1). In the FULL dataset it is, however, weakly supported as sister to a clade including <i>Chloreuptychia</i> and the <i>Pareuptychia</i> clade (Figure S 2), while in the 4GENES dataset (Figure S 3) it is sister to <i>Chloreuptychia</i>, and these two again are sister to the ‘ <i>Splendeuptychia</i> clade’. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies only sampled a few representatives and thus did not result in recognition of this clade (Marín et al., 2017; Murray &amp; Prowell, 2005) or subsumed it within the ‘ <i>Pareuptychia</i> clade’ (Peña et al., 2010), but close relationships among <i>Archeuptychia</i>, species placed here in <i>Pseudeuptychia</i>, <i>Chloreuptychia</i> and <i>Cisandina</i> were variously implied in these studies. The clade (Figure 8) currently includes 16 described species and at least three undescribed species. Currently, four genera, <i>Pseudeuptychia</i> (seven species), <i>Archeuptychia</i> (monotypic), <i>Cisandina</i> (seven species) and <i>Stephenympha</i> (three species) are recognized in the clade. The two sampled <i>Stephenympha</i> species are here found to be sister groups, with some support in the best trees (FULL 90/91, 4 GENES 90.2/88), and are well-supported as members of the ‘ <i>Archeuptychia</i> clade’, but their exact placement within the clade needs to be investigated, since support of relationships within the group are rather low (Figure 8). Here, we provisionally move four species to <i>Pseudeuptychia</i> (<b>comb.n.</b>) that were placed in <i>Chloreuptychia</i> prior to this study, since these species form a strongly supported clade that contains <i>Euptychia languida</i> Butler, 1871, the type of <i>Pseudeuptychia</i>, but that excludes <i>Papilio chloris</i> Cramer, 1780, the type species of <i>Chloreuptychia</i> (Marín et al., 2017; Nakahara et al., in preparation). We do not know of any taxonomic issues surrounding <i>Archeuptychia</i>, and thus this monotypic genus does not require study at present. Members of the ‘ <i>Archeuptychia</i> clade’ are small to medium-sized butterflies, all rather typical of euptychiines in terms of size. However, unlike most other euptychiine groups, the clade harbours some of the more ‘showy’ euptychiines, with many species bearing iridescent blue or green dorsal and/or ventral coloration. Possible synapomorphies and distinctive characters for the clade include the following: (a) lamella antevaginalis at least somewhat sclerotized (the degree of sclerotization is apparently variable, ranging from a rather weakly sclerotized plate in species such as <i>Pseudeuptychia herseis</i> <b>comb.n.</b>, to a more heavily sclerotized plate in species such as <i>Archeuptychia cluena</i>). The male genitalia of species in <i>Cisandina</i> show some interesting features, such as a sclerotized portion of the manica extending from the phallobase, a character not observed in other euptychiines. <i>Stephenympha eriphule</i> has a uniformly sclerotized eighth tergite, which is an unusual feature for euptychiines otherwise known only for species in the genus <i>Euptychia</i>. However, a similar form of the eighth tergite is observed in <i>Cristalinaia</i> and species in <i>Amphidecta</i>, but the eighth tergite of these species appears to have a membranous portion in the middle, thus not being uniformly sclerotized. Members of the ‘ <i>Archeuptychia</i> clade’ are known exclusively from east of the Andes, except for <i>Pseudeuptychia hemileuca</i>, which is still known only from a single syntype, that was reportedly collected in western Colombia. Some species are confined to cloud forest along the slopes of the eastern Andes, while the majority of species occur in lowland rainforest from the Amazon basin and/or Guianas, with a few species found in the Atlantic coastal forest of Brazil. Information on the early stage biology for species in the ‘ <i>Archeuptychia</i> clade’ is limited, like many other major euptychiine clades, but the immature stages of <i>Pseudeuptychia marica</i> <b>comb.n.</b> and two species of <i>Cisandina</i> were recently described, with caterpillars feeding on the herbaceous bamboo genera <i>Pariana</i>, <i>Olyra</i> and <i>Taquara</i> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) (Nakahara, Rodríguez-Melgarejo, et al., 2022; Tejeira et al., 2021), and additional data will soon be published (Corahua-Espinoza et al., in preparation).
description: Published as part of <i>Espeland, Marianne, Nakahara, Shinichi, Zacca, Thamara, Barbosa, Eduardo P., Huertas, Blanca, Marín, Mario A., Lamas, Gerardo, Benmesbah, Mohamed, Brévignon, Christian, Casagrande, Mirna M., Fåhraeus, Christer, Grishin, Nick, Kawahara, Akito Y., Mielke, Olaf H. H., Miller, Jacqueline Y., Nakamura, Ichiro, Navas, Vanessa, Patrusky, Brooke, Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Richards, Lindsay, Tan, Denise, Tyler, Stephanie, Viloria, Angel, Warren, Andrew D., Xiao, Lei, Freitas, André V. L. &amp; Willmott, Keith R., 2023, Combining target enrichment and Sanger sequencing data to clarify the systematics of the diverse Neotropical butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae), pp. 1-73 in Zoological Research 2023</i> on page 17, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12590, http://zenodo.org/record/7909395
description: {"references": ["Espeland, M., Breinholt, J., Barbosa, E. P., Casagrande, M., Huertas, B., Lamas, G. et al. (2019 a) Four hundred shades of brown: higher level phylogeny of the problematic Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) based on hybrid enrichment data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 131, 116 - 124.", "Marin, M. A., Pena, C., Uribe, S. I. &amp; Freitas, A. V. L. (2017) Morphology agrees with molecular data: phylogenetic affinities of Euptychiina butterflies (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Systematic Entomology, 42, 768 - 785.", "Murray, D. &amp; Prowell, D. P. (2005) Molecular phylogenetics and evolutionary history of the neotropical Satyrine subtribe Euptychiina (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 67 - 80.", "Pena, C., Nylin, S., Freitas, A. V. L. &amp; Wahlberg, N. (2010) Biogeographic history of the butterfly subtribe Euptychiina (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Zoologica Scripta, 39, 243 - 258.", "Tejeira, R., Ccahuana, R., Hurtado, T., Nakahara, S., See, J., Rodriguez-Melgarejo, M. et al. (2021) Immature stages of Chloreuptychia marica (Weymer, 1911) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae: Satyrini). Tropical Lepidoptera Research, 31, 96 - 100."]}