cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AGN in deep radio/X-ray surveys: hunting the earliest massive galaxies
Creators: name: Seymour, Nick
name: Moss, Derek
name: McHardy, Ian
name: Gunn, Katherine
name: Page, Mat
name: Loaring, Nic
name: Dwelly, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the plethora of deep (sub-mJy) radio surveys there remains considerable doubt as to the exact nature of the galaxies contributing to the source counts. Current evidence suggests that starformation in moderately luminous 'normal' galaxies is responsible for the bulk of the emission below 1mJy. However given the sensitivities of these surveys we would expect a fraction of these sources to be distant radio galaxies. Using deep VLA and GMRT data we have found ~20 high-z candidate radio galaxies in two fields using the classical ultra-steep radio spectrum technique (De Breuck et al., 2000) and selecting galaxies with faint (i'>25) optical counterparts. Several of these sources have X-ray detections in our deep XMM/Chandra observations and have fluxes high enough to put them in the quasar regime if they lie above redshift 3. Recently performed Spitzer GTO observations and upcoming near-infrared observations will help reveal the nature of these sources.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, "Granada Workshop on High Redshift Radiogalaxies"
Association between COVID-19 cases and international equity indices
Creators: name: James, Nick
name: Menzies, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on the populations and equity markets of 92 countries. We compare country-by-country equity market dynamics to cumulative COVID-19 case and death counts and new case trajectories. First, we examine the multivariate time series of cumulative cases and deaths, particularly regarding their changing structure over time. We reveal similarities between the case and death time series, and key dates that the structure of the time series changed. Next, we classify new case time series, demonstrate five characteristic classes of trajectories, and quantify discrepancy between them with respect to the behavior of waves of the disease. Finally, we show there is no relationship between countries' equity market performance and their success in managing COVID-19. Each country's equity index has been unresponsive to the domestic or global state of the pandemic. Instead, these indices have been highly uniform, with most movement in March.
description: Accepted manuscript. Minor revisions compared to v1. Equal contribution
A possible sub-kiloparsec dual AGN buried behind the galaxy curtain
Creators: name: Severgnini, P.
name: Braito, V.
name: Cicone, C.
name: Saracco, P.
name: Vignali, C.
name: Serafinelli, R.
name: Della Ceca, R.
name: Dotti, M.
name: Cusano, F.
name: Paris, D.
name: Pruto, G.
name: Zaino, A.
name: Ballo, L.
name: Landoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although thousands of galaxy mergers are known, only a handful of sub-kiloparsec-scale supermassive black hole (SMBH) pairs have been confirmed so far, leaving a huge gap between the observed and predicted numbers of such objects. In this work, we present a detailed analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectrum and of near-infrared (NIR) diffraction limited imaging of SDSS~J1431+4358. This object is a local radio-quiet type 2 active galactic nucleus (AGN) previously selected as a double AGN candidate on the basis of the double-peaked [OIII] emission line. The NIR adaptive optics-assisted observations were obtained at the Large Binocular Telescope with the LUCI+FLAO camera. We found that most of the prominent optical emission lines are characterized by a double-peaked profile, mainly produced by AGN photoionization. Our spectroscopical analysis disfavors the hypothesis that the double-peaked emission lines in the source are the signatures of outflow kinematics, leaving open the possibility that we are detecting either the rotation of a single narrow-line region or the presence of two SMBHs orbiting around a common central potential. The latter scenario is further supported by the high-spatial resolution NIR imaging: after subtracting the dominant contribution of the stellar bulge component in the host galaxy, we detect two faint nuclear sources at r<0.5 kpc projected separation. Interestingly, the two sources have a position angle consistent with that defined by the two regions where the [OIII] double peaks most likely originate. Aside from the discovery of a promising sub-kiloparsec scale dual AGN, our analysis shows the importance of an appropriate host galaxy subtraction in order to achieve a reliable estimate of the incidence of dual AGNs at small projected separations.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, accepted by A&A (revised to match the A&A version)
The Local Rate and the Progenitor Lifetimes of Short-Hard Gamma-Ray Bursts: Synthesis and Predictions for LIGO
Creators: name: Nakar, Ehud
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Fox, Derek B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of the first four afterglows of short-hard gamma-ray bursts (SHBs), suggests that they typically result from long-lived progenitor systems. The most popular progenitor model invokes the merger of either double neutron star (DNS) binaries or neutron star-black hole (NS-BH) systems. Such events are strong sources of gravitational-waves (GWs) and might be detected by ground-based GW observatories. In this work we combine the census of SHB observations with refined theoretical analysis to perform a critical evaluation of the compact binary model. We then explore the implications for GW detection of these events. Beginning from the measured star-formation rate through cosmic time, we consider what intrinsic luminosity and lifetime distributions can reproduce the known SHB redshifts and luminosities as well as the peak flux distribution of the large BATSE SHB sample. We find that: (1) The typical progenitor lifetime is long. Assuming lognormal lifetime distribution the typical lifetime is >4[1] Gyr (2[3]σc.l.). If the lifetime distribution is a power-law with index ηthen η>-0.5 [-1] (2[3] σc.l.). This result is difficult to reconcile with the properties of the observed galactic DNS population, suggesting that if SHBs do result from DNS mergers then the observed galactic binaries do not represent the cosmic one. (2) We find that the local rate of SHBs is larger than 10Gpc^-3/yr and may be higher by several orders of magnitude, significantly above previous estimates. (3) Assuming that SHBs do result from compact binaries, our predictions for the LIGO and VIRGO event rates are encouraging: The chance for detection by current facilities is not negligible, while a coincident detection of GW and electromagnetic radiation from an SHB is guaranteed for next-generation observatories.
description: ApJ in press
Minimal Zeeman field requirement for a topological transition in superconductors
Creators: name: Pöyhönen, Kim
name: Varjas, Daniel
name: Wimmer, Michael
name: Akhmerov, Anton R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Platforms for creating Majorana quasiparticles rely on superconductivity and breaking of time-reversal symmetry. By studying continuous deformations to known trivial states, we find that the relationship between superconducting pairing and time reversal breaking imposes rigorous bounds on the topology of the system. Applying these bounds to $s$-wave systems with a Zeeman field, we conclude that a topological phase transition requires that the Zeeman energy at least locally exceed the superconducting pairing by the energy gap of the full Hamiltonian. Our results are independent of the geometry and dimensionality of the system.
description: 8 pages; figure added, clarifications added to main text; submission to SciPost
NOEMA reveals the true nature of luminous red JWST z>10 galaxy candidates
Creators: name: Meyer, R. A.
name: Barrufet, L.
name: Boogaard, L. A.
name: Naidu, R. P.
name: Oesch, P. A.
name: Walter, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first year of JWST has revealed a surprisingly large number of luminous galaxy candidates beyond $z>10$. While some galaxies have already been spectroscopically confirmed, there is mounting evidence that a subsample of the candidates with particularly red inferred UV colours are, in fact, lower redshift contaminants. These interlopers are often found to be `HST-dark' or `optically faint' galaxies at $z\sim2-6$, a population that is key to improving our understanding of dust-obscured star formation throughout cosmic time. This paper demonstrates the complementarity of ground-based mm-interferometry and JWST infrared imaging to unveil the true nature of red 1.5-2.0 $μ\rm{m}$ dropouts that have been selected as ultra-high-redshift galaxy candidates. We present NOEMA Polyfix follow-up observations of four JWST red 1.5-2.0 $μ\rm{m}$ dropouts selected by Yan et al., 2023 as ultra-high-redshift candidates in the PEARLS-IDF field. The new NOEMA observations constrain the rest-frame far-infrared continuum emission and efficiently discriminate between intermediate- and high-redshift solutions. We report $>10σ$ NOEMA continuum detections of all our target galaxies at observed frequencies of $ν= 236$ and $252\ \rm{GHz}$, with FIR slopes indicating a redshift of $z<5$. We modelled their optical-to-FIR spectral energy distribution (SED) with multiple SED codes, finding that they are not $z>10$ galaxies but dust-obscured, massive star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2-4$ instead. The contribution to the cosmic star formation rate density (CSFRD) of such sources is not negligible at $z\simeq 3.5$ ($ϕ\gtrsim(1.9-4.4)\times10^{-3}\ \rm{cMpc}^{-3}$; or $>3-6\%$ of the total CSFRD), in line with previous studies of optically faint and sub-millimeter galaxies. This approach opens up a new window onto obscured star formation at intermediate redshifts [abridged].
description: 6 pages. Accepted in A&A Letters. Updated to match accepted version
Re-transcription of Goddard notebook texts
Creators: name: Parker, Verdena
name: Lee-Wynant, Tyler
name: Spence, Justin
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: hup

description: Audio file VP-040519-02: Re-transcription and translation of texts transcribed by P.E. Goddard, American Philosophical Society Na20a.2, notebook #10, pp. 68-72
Rogue worlds meet the dark side: revealing terrestrial-mass primordial black holes with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
Creators: name: DeRocco, William
name: Frangipane, Evan
name: Hamer, Nick
name: Profumo, Stefano
name: Smyth, Nolan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational microlensing is one of the strongest observational techniques to observe non-luminous astrophysical bodies. Existing microlensing observations provide tantalizing evidence of a population of low-mass objects whose origin is unknown. These events may be caused by terrestrial-mass free-floating planets or by exotic objects such as primordial black holes. However, the nature of these objects cannot be resolved on an event-by-event basis, as the induced light curve is degenerate for lensing bodies of identical mass. One must instead statistically compare \textit{distributions} of lensing events to determine the nature of the lensing population. While existing surveys lack the statistics required to identify multiple subpopulations of lenses, this will change with the launch of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Roman's Galactic Bulge Time Domain Survey is expected to observe hundreds of low-mass microlensing events, enabling a robust statistical characterization of this population. In this paper, we show that by exploiting features in the distribution of lensing event durations, Roman will be sensitive to a subpopulation of primordial black holes hidden amongst a background of free-floating planets. Roman's reach will extend to primordial black hole dark matter fractions as low as $f_\text{PBH} = 10^{-4}$ at peak sensitivity, and will be able to conclusively determine the origin of existing ultrashort-timescale microlensing events. A positive detection would provide evidence that a significant fraction of the cosmological dark matter consists of macroscopic, non-luminous objects.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
CosmoReionMC: A package for estimating cosmological and astrophysical parameters using CMB, Lyman-α absorption and global 21 cm data
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Atrideb
name: Choudhury, Tirthankar Roy
name: Mitra, Sourav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based parameter estimation package, CosmoReionMC, to jointly constrain cosmological parameters of the $Λ$CDM model and the astrophysical parameters related to hydrogen reionization. The package is based on a previously developed physically motivated semi-analytical model for reionization, a similar semi-analytical model for computing the global 21~cm signal during the cosmic dawn and using an appropriately modified version of the publicly available CAMB for computing the CMB anisotropies. These calculations are then coupled to an MCMC ensemble sampler \texttt{emcee} to compute the posterior distributions of the model parameter. The model has twelve free parameters in total: five cosmological and seven related to the stellar populations. We constrain the parameters by matching the theoretical predictions with CMB data from Planck, observations related to the quasar absorption spectra and, for the first time, the global 21~cm signal from EDGES. We find that incorporating the quasar spectra data in the analysis tightens the bounds on the electron scattering optical depth $τ$ and consequently the normalization $A_s$ of the primordial matter power spectrum (or equivalently $σ_8$). Furthermore, when we include the EDGES data in the analysis, we find that an early population of metal-free stars with efficient radio emission is necessary to match the absorption amplitude. The CosmoReionMC package should have interesting future applications, e.g., probing non-standard extensions to the $Λ$CDM model.
description: accepted in MNRAS
Searching for stochastic gravitational-wave background with the co-located LIGO interferometers
Creators: name: Fotopoulos, Nickolas V
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents techniques developed by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration to search for the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the co-located pair of LIGO interferometers at Hanford, WA. We use correlations between interferometers and environment monitoring instruments, as well as time-shifts between two interferometers (described here for the first time) to identify correlated noise from non-gravitational sources. We veto particularly noisy frequency bands and assess the level of residual non-gravitational coupling that exists in the surviving data.
description: Proceedings paper from the 7th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves, held in Sydney, Australia from 8-14 July 2007. Accepted to J. Phys.: Conf. Ser
On quasisymmetric plasma equilibria sustained by small force
Creators: name: Constantin, Peter
name: Drivas, Theodore D.
name: Ginsberg, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct smooth, non-symmetric plasma equilibria which possess closed, nested flux surfaces and solve the magnetohydrostatic (steady three-dimensional incompressible Euler) equations with a small force. The solutions are also `nearly' quasisymmetric. The primary idea is, given a desired quasisymmetry direction $ξ$, to change the smooth structure on space so that the vector field $ξ$ is Killing for the new metric and construct $ξ$--symmetric solutions of the magnetohydrostatic equations on that background by solving a generalized Grad-Shafranov equation. If $ξ$ is close to a symmetry of Euclidean space, then these are solutions on flat space up to a small forcing.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, accepted version
Study of Blazar activity in 10 year Fermi-LAT data and implications for TeV neutrino expectations
Creators: name: Sacahui, J. R.
name: Penacchioni, A. V.
name: Marinelli, A.
name: Sharma, A.
name: Castro, M.
name: Osorio, J. M.
name: Morales, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazars are the most active extragalactic gamma-ray sources. They show sporadic bursts of activity, lasting from hours to months. In this work we present a 10-year analysis of a sample of bright sources detected by Fermi-LAT (100 MeV - 300 GeV). Using 2-week binned lightcurves (LC) we estimated the Duty Cycle (DC): fraction of time that the source spends in an active state. The objects present different DC values, with an average of $22.74\%$ and $23.08 \%$ when considering (and not) the Extragalactic Background Light ( EBL). Additionally we study the so called "blazar sequence" trend for the sample of selected blazars in the ten years of data. This analysis constrains a possible counterpart of sub-PeV neutrino emission during the quiescent states, leaving the possibility to explain the observed IceCube signal during the flaring states.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures
Self-Contained and Automatic Calibration of a Multi-Fingered Hand Using Only Pairwise Contact Measurements
Creators: name: Tenhumberg, Johannes
name: Sievers, Leon
name: Bäuml, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A self-contained calibration procedure that can be performed automatically without additional external sensors or tools is a significant advantage, especially for complex robotic systems. Here, we show that the kinematics of a multi-fingered robotic hand can be precisely calibrated only by moving the tips of the fingers pairwise into contact. The only prerequisite for this is sensitive contact detection, e.g., by torque-sensing in the joints (as in our DLR-Hand II) or tactile skin. The measurement function for a given joint configuration is the distance between the modeled fingertip geometries, but the actual measurement is always zero. In an in-depth analysis, we prove that this contact-based calibration determines all quantities needed for manipulating objects with the hand, i.e., the difference vectors of the fingertips, and that it is as sensitive as a calibration using an external visual tracking system and markers. We describe the complete calibration scheme, including the selection of optimal sample joint configurations and search motions for the contacts despite the initial kinematic uncertainties. In a real-world calibration experiment for the torque-controlled four-fingered DLR-Hand II, the maximal error of 17.7mm can be reduced to only 3.7mm.
description: Presented at the 2023 IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots
Estimator-Coupled Reinforcement Learning for Robust Purely Tactile In-Hand Manipulation
Creators: name: Röstel, Lennart
name: Pitz, Johannes
name: Sievers, Leon
name: Bäuml, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper identifies and addresses the problems with naively combining (reinforcement) learning-based controllers and state estimators for robotic in-hand manipulation. Specifically, we tackle the challenging task of purely tactile, goal-conditioned, dextrous in-hand reorientation with the hand pointing downwards. Due to the limited sensing available, many control strategies that are feasible in simulation when having full knowledge of the object's state do not allow for accurate state estimation. Hence, separately training the controller and the estimator and combining the two at test time leads to poor performance. We solve this problem by coupling the control policy to the state estimator already during training in simulation. This approach leads to more robust state estimation and overall higher performance on the task while maintaining an interpretability advantage over end-to-end policy learning. With our GPU-accelerated implementation, learning from scratch takes a median training time of only 6.5 hours on a single, low-cost GPU. In simulation experiments with the DLR-Hand II and for four significantly different object shapes, we provide an in-depth analysis of the performance of our approach. We demonstrate the successful sim2real transfer by rotating the four objects to all 24 orientations in the $π/2$ discretization of SO(3), which has never been achieved for such a diverse set of shapes. Finally, our method can reorient a cube consecutively to nine goals (median), which was beyond the reach of previous methods in this challenging setting.
Warping effects in strongly perturbed metrics
Creators: name: Frasca, Marco
name: Liberati, Riccardo Maria
name: Rossi, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A technique devised some years ago permits to study a theory in a regime of strong perturbations. This translates into a gradient expansion that, at the leading order, can recover the BKL solution in general relativity. We solve exactly the leading order Einstein equations in a spherical symmetric case, assuming a Schwarzschild metric under the effect of a time-dependent perturbation, and we show that the 4-velocity in such a case is multiplied by an exponential warp factor when the perturbation is properly applied. This factor is always greater than one. We will give a closed form solution of this factor for a simple case. Some numerical examples are also given.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures. Version accepted in Physics
Information free quantum bus for generating stabiliser states
Creators: name: Devitt, Simon J.
name: Greentree, Andrew D.
name: Hollenberg, Lloyd C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient generation of spatially delocalised entangled states is at the heart of quantum information science. Generally flying qubits are proposed for long range entangling interactions, however here we introduce a bus-mediated alternative for this task. Our scheme permits efficient and flexible generation of deterministic two-qubit operator measurements and has links to the important concepts of mode-entanglement and repeat-until-success protocols. Importantly, unlike flying qubit protocols, our bus particle never contains information about the individual quantum states of the particles, hence is information-free.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures: substantial changes, accepted in quant. inf. proc. Added details for physical bus scheme using coherent electronic transport (MRAP)
The effect of midgap states on the magnetic exchange interaction mediated by a $d$-wave superconductor
Creators: name: Ghanbari, Atousa
name: Erlandsen, Eirik
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the indirect interaction between two ferromagnetic contacts located on the surface of a $d$-wave superconductor. When the magnets are connected to a $\{010\}$ edge of the superconductor we find an oscillating RKKY interaction that varies in sign as the distance between the magnetic contacts is varied. However, when coupling the magnets to an $\{110\}$ edge of the superconductor, we find that the presence of midgap states qualitatively changes the results. The ground state of the system is then found to always favor alignment of the magnets as this configuration most strongly suppresses the midgap states, leading to a larger condensation energy which dominates over the intrinsic RKKY interaction.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
Glitching pulsars as gravitational wave sources
Creators: name: Haskell, Brynmor
name: Jones, David Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinning neutron stars, when observed as pulsars, are seen to undergo occasional spin-up events known as glitches. Despite several decades of study, the physical mechanisms responsible for glitches are still not well understood, but probably involve an interplay between the star's outer elastic crust, and the superfluid and superconducting core that lies within. Glitches will be accompanied by some level of gravitational wave emission. In this article we review proposed models that link gravitational wave emission to glitches, exploring both short duration burst-like emission, and longer-lived signals. We illustrate how detections (and in some cases, non-detections) of gravitational signals probe both the glitch mechanism, and, by extension, the behaviour of matter at high densities.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Additional file 1 of A powerful qPCR-high resolution melting assay with taqman probe in plasmodium species differentiation
Creators: name: Lamien-Meda, Aline
name: Hans-Peter Fuehrer
name: Leitsch, David
name: Noedl, Harald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. List of samples used to evaluate the developed qPCR-HRM assay with their microscopy, nested PCR, and qPCR-HRM genotyping.
Low frequency excitations of C60 chains inserted inside single-walled carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Cambedouzou, Julien
name: Rols, Stéphane
name: Almairac, Robert
name: Sauvajol, Jean-Louis
name: Kataura, Hiromichi
name: Schober, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low frequency excitations of C60 chains inserted inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering (INS) on a high quality sample of peapods. The comparison of the neutron-derived generalized phonon density of states (GDOS) of the peapods sample with that of a raw SWNTs allows the vibrational properties of the C60 chains encapsulated in the hollow core of the SWNTs to be probed. Lattice dynamical models are used to calculate the GDOS of chains of monomers, dimers and polymers inserted into SWNTs, which are compared to the experimental data. The presence of strong interactions between C60 cages inside the nanotube is clearly demonstrated by an excess of mode density in the frequency range around 10 meV. However, the presence of a quasi-elastic signal indicates that some of the C60ś undergo rotational motion. This suggests that peapods are made from a mixture of C60 monomers and C60 n-mer (dimer, trimer ... polymer) structures.
Additional file 1 of Surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt haplotypes in southwestern uganda by high‐resolution melt analysis
Creators: name: Kassaza, Kennedy
name: Long, Anna C.
name: McDaniels, Jennifer M.
name: Mharlove Andre
name: Wasswa Fredrickson
name: Nyehangane, Dan
name: Orikiriza, Patrick
name: Operario, Darwin J.
name: Bazira, Joel
name: Mwanga-Amumpaire, Juliet A.
name: Moore, Christopher C.
name: Guler, Jennifer L.
name: Yap Boum
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of HighResolution Melt analysis on clinical samples. Figure S1. Targeted sequencingconfirms pfcrt haplotypes in control Plasmodium genomes. Figure S2. Change in normalization boundaries does notimpact automatic haplotype calling. Figure S3. Quantitative PCR Ct values are inverselyproportional to HRM confidence percentages.
Elliptical accretion disk as a model for tidal disruption events
Creators: name: Liu, Fukun
name: Cao, Chunyang
name: Abramowicz, Marek A.
name: Wielgus, Maciek
name: Cao, Rong
name: Zhou, Zhiqin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elliptical accretion disk models for tidal disruption events (TDEs) have been recently proposed and independently developed by two groups. Although these two models are characterized by a similar geometry, their physical properties differ considerably. In this paper, we further investigate the properties of the elliptical accretion disk of the nearly uniform distribution of eccentricity within the disk plane. Our results show that the elliptical accretion disks have distinctive hydrodynamic structures and spectral energy distributions, associated with TDEs. The soft X-ray photons generated at pericenter and nearby are trapped in the disk and advected around the ellipse because of large electron scattering opacity. They are absorbed and reprocessed into emission lines and low-frequency continuum via recombination and bremsstrahlung emission. Because of the rapid increase of bound-free and free-free opacities with radius, the low-frequency continuum photons become trapped in the disk at large radius and are advected through apocenter and back to the photon-trapping radius. Elliptical accretion disks predict sub-Eddington luminosities and emit mainly at the photon-trapping radius of thousands of Schwarzschild radii with a blackbody spectrum of nearly single temperature of typically about 3X10^4 K. Because of the self-regulation, the photon-trapping radius expands and contracts following the rise and fall of accretion rate. The radiation temperature is nearly independent of BH mass and accretion rate and varies weakly with the stellar mass and the viscosity parameter. Our results are well consistent with the observations of optical/UV TDEs.
description: 54 pages, 7 figures; to match the published version
On nonautonomous differential-difference AKP, BKP and CKP equations
Creators: name: Fu, Wei
name: Nijhoff, Frank W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the direct linearisation framework of the discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-type equations presented in [Proc. R. Soc. A, 473 (2017) 20160915], six novel nonautonomous differential-difference equations are established, including three in the AKP class, two in the BKP class and one in the CKP class. In particular, one in the BKP class and the one in the CKP class are both in (2+2)-dimensional form. All the six models are integrable in the sense of having the same linear integral equation representations as those of their associated discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-type equations, which guarantees the existence of soliton-type solutions and the multi-dimensional consistency of these new equations from the viewpoint of the direct linearisation.
description: 13 pages
A precise determination of $B_K$ in quenched QCD
Creators: name: Dimopoulos, P.
name: Heitger, J.
name: Palombi, F.
name: Pena, C.
name: Sint, S.
name: Vladikas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $B_K$ parameter is computed in quenched lattice QCD with Wilson twisted mass fermions. Two variants of tmQCD are used; in both of them the relevant $ΔS = 2$ four-fermion operator is renormalised multiplicatively. The renormalisation adopted is non-perturbative, with a Schroedinger functional renormalisation condition. Renormalisation group running is also non-perturbative, up to very high energy scales. In one of the two tmQCD frameworks the computations have been performed at the physical $K$-meson mass, thus eliminating the need of mass extrapolations. Simulations have been performed at several lattice spacings and the continuum limit was reached by combining results from both tmQCD regularisations. Finite volume effects have been partially checked and turned out to be small. Exploratory studies have also been performed with non-degenerate valence flavours. The final result for the RGI bag parameter, with all sources of uncertainty (except quenching) under control, is $\hat B_K =0.789 \pm 0.046$.
description: 54 pages, 11 figures
$ΔS=0$ Hadronic Parity Violation in Next-to-Leading Order QCD: Anomalous Dimension Matrices and Their Implications
Creators: name: Muralidhara, Girish
name: Gardner, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the effective Hamiltonian for hadronic parity violation in strangeness-nonchanging ($ΔS=0$) processes in next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD, for all isosectors, and at a renormalization scale of 2 GeV, thus extending our earlier leading-order (LO) analysis. Hadronic parity violation, studied in the context of the low-energy interactions of nucleons and nuclei, exposes the complex interplay of weak and strong interactions in these systems, and thus supports our extension to NLO. Here we exploit the flavor-blind nature of QCD interactions to construct the needed anomalous dimension matrices from those computed in flavor physics, which we then use to refine our effective Hamiltonian and finally our predicted parity-violating meson-nucleon coupling constants, to find improved agreement with few-body experiments.
Learning as Abduction: Trainable Natural Logic Theorem Prover for Natural Language Inference
Creators: name: Abzianidze, Lasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; I.2.3; K.3.2; I.2.6; I.2.7
subject: 03B65, 68T50

description: Tackling Natural Language Inference with a logic-based method is becoming less and less common. While this might have been counterintuitive several decades ago, nowadays it seems pretty obvious. The main reasons for such a conception are that (a) logic-based methods are usually brittle when it comes to processing wide-coverage texts, and (b) instead of automatically learning from data, they require much of manual effort for development. We make a step towards to overcome such shortcomings by modeling learning from data as abduction: reversing a theorem-proving procedure to abduce semantic relations that serve as the best explanation for the gold label of an inference problem. In other words, instead of proving sentence-level inference relations with the help of lexical relations, the lexical relations are proved taking into account the sentence-level inference relations. We implement the learning method in a tableau theorem prover for natural language and show that it improves the performance of the theorem prover on the SICK dataset by 1.4% while still maintaining high precision (>94%). The obtained results are competitive with the state of the art among logic-based systems.
description: Presented at *SEM, see the official link https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.starsem-1.3 The code available at https://github.com/kovvalsky/LangPro
Galaxy-cluster gas-density distributions of the Representative XMM-Newton Cluster Structure Survey (REXCESS)
Creators: name: Croston, J. H.
name: Pratt, G. W.
name: Boehringer, H.
name: Arnaud, M.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Ponman, T. J.
name: Sanderson, A. J. R.
name: Temple, R. F.
name: Bower, R. G.
name: Donahue, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the structural and scaling properties of the gas distributions in the intracluster medium (ICM) of 31 nearby (z < 0.2) clusters observed with XMM-Newton, which together comprise the Representative XMM-Newton Cluster Structure Survey (REXCESS). In contrast to previous studies, this sample is unbiased with respect to cluster dynamical state, and it fully samples the cluster X-ray luminosity function. The clusters cover a temperature range of 2.0 -- 8.5 keV and possess a variety of morphologies. The sampling strategy allows us to compare clusters with a wide range of central cooling times on an equal footing. We present non-parametric gas-density profiles out to distances ranging between 0.8 R_500 and 1.5 R_500. The central gas densities differ greatly from system to system, with no clear correlation with system temperature. At intermediate radii the scaled density profiles show much less scatter, with a clear dependence on system temperature, consistent with the presence of an entropy excess as suggested in previous literature. However, at large scaled radii this dependence becomes weaker: clusters with kT > 3 keV scale self-similarly, with no temperature dependence of gas-density normalisation. We find some evidence of a correlation between dynamical state and outer gas density slope, and between dynamical state and both central gas normalisation and cooling time. We find no evidence of a significant bimodality in the distributions of central density, density gradient, or cooling time. Finally, we present the gas mass-temperature relation for the REXCESS sample, which is consistent with the expectation of self-similar scaling modified by the presence of an entropy excess in the inner regions of the cluster, and has a logarithmic intrinsic scatter of ~10%.
description: 20 pages, 21 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. v3 uses updated data to correct some minor mistakes, text is unchanged
The Investigation on the Potential of Coconut Shell Powder Composite in Term of Carbon Composition, Surface Porosity and Dielectric Properties as a Microwave Absorbing Material
Creators: name: Yew Been Seok
name: Siti Nurbazilah
name: Wee Fwen Hoon
name: Saiful Bahri Bin Mohamed
name: Humaizi, Ahmad
name: M. Rizon. M. Juhari
name: W Noor Fatihah W Mohamad
Publisher: name: Thai Society of Higher Education Institutes on Environment
Year: 2016
Subjects: coconut shell powder,microwave absorbing material,carbon composition,macropores,dielectric properties

description: 1, 9, EnvironmentAsia
Additional file 1 of Quantum dots as targeted doxorubicin drug delivery nanosystems
Creators: name: Ruzycka-Ayoush, Monika
name: Kowalik, Patrycja
name: Kowalczyk, Agata
name: Bujak, Piotr
name: Nowicka, Anna M.
name: Wojewodzka, Maria
name: Kruszewski, Marcin
name: Grudzinski, Ireneusz P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1
Novel Formulas for B-Splines, Bernstein Basis Functions and special numbers: Approach to Derivative and Functional Equations of Generating Functions
Creators: name: Simsek, Yilmaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11S80, 11B68, 05A15, 05A19, 11M35, 30C15, 26C05, 12D10, 33C45, 14F10, 12D10, 26C10, 30B40, 22 44A10

description: One of the main purposes of this article is to give functional equations and differential equations between Bernstein basis functions and generating functions of B-spline curves. Using these equations, very useful formulas containing the relationships among the uniform B-spline curves, the Bernstein basis functions, and other special numbers and polynomials are derived. By applying p-adic integrals to these polynomials, many novel formulas are also derived. Furthermore, by applying the partial differential derivative operator and Laplace transformation to these generating functions, with aid of higher derivative differential, not only recurrence relations and the higher derivative formula for B-spline curves, but also infinite series representations are given.
description: 21
On Policy Recommendations from Causal Inference in Physics Education Research
Creators: name: Weissman, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sound educational policy recommendations require valid estimates of causal effects, but observational studies in physics education research sometimes have loosely specified causal hypotheses. The connections between the observational data and the explicit or implicit causal conclusions are sometimes misstated. The link between the causal conclusions reached and the policy recommendations made is also sometimes loose. Causal graphs are used to illustrate these issues in several papers from Physical Review Physics Education Research. For example, the core causal conclusion of one paper rests entirely on the choice of a causal direction although an unstated plausible alternative gives an exactly equal fit to the data.
description: ~8k words, 5 figs, v2 tweaked after feedback, v3 finds another big hole in a paper. v4 major revision after reviewers' comments. v5 Added comments on 2 new papers. Version w/o those (~v4) now in press, Phys Rev Phys Ed Res
The Medicalization of Trans Lives Health Humanities Portrait Reading List
Creators: name: Sufian, Sandra
name: Garden, Rebecca
name: Hirshfield, Laura
name: Patsavas, Alyson
name: Blackie, Michael
name: Phillips, Shay
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disability Studies
subject: 160808 Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Literature
subject: 200205 Culture, Gender, Sexuality
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: 130308 Gender, Sexuality and Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: Gender studies
subject: 169901 Gender Specific Studies

description: This Health Humanities Portrait- The Medicalization of Trans Lives-- uses the critical analytic approach of Disability Studies to explore medicalization as a social issue that impacts trans identity. The portrait helps learners understand how the concepts often marshaled in discussions of trans health--such as diagnosis, cure, and treatment-- can actually lead to disparities in trans health and healthcare.
A novel structure preserving semi-implicit finite volume method for viscous and resistive magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Fambri, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1; J.2

description: In this work we introduce a novel semi-implicit structure-preserving finite-volume/finite-difference scheme for the viscous and resistive equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) based on an appropriate 3-split of the governing PDE system, which is decomposed into a first convective subsystem, a second subsystem involving the coupling of the velocity field with the magnetic field and a third subsystem involving the pressure-velocity coupling. The nonlinear convective terms are discretized explicitly, while the remaining two subsystems accounting for the Alfven waves and the magneto-acoustic waves are treated implicitly. The final algorithm is at least formally constrained only by a mild CFL stability condition depending on the velocity field of the pure hydrodynamic convection. To preserve the divergence-free constraint of the magnetic field exactly at the discrete level, a proper set of overlapping dual meshes is employed. The resulting linear algebraic systems are shown to be symmetric and therefore can be solved by means of an efficient standard matrix-free conjugate gradient algorithm. One of the peculiarities of the presented algorithm is that the magnetic field is defined on the edges of the main grid, while the electric field is on the faces. The final scheme can be regarded as a novel shock-capturing, conservative and structure preserving semi-implicit scheme for the nonlinear viscous and resistive MHD equations. Several numerical tests are presented to show the main features of our novel solver: linear-stability in the sense of Lyapunov is verified at a prescribed constant equilibrium solution; a 2nd-order of convergence is numerically estimated; shock-capturing capabilities are proven against a standard set of stringent MHD shock-problems; accuracy and robustness are verified against a nontrivial set of 2- and 3-dimensional MHD problems.
description: 44 pages, 22 figures, 2 tables
Mapping GENERIC hydrodynamics into Carter's multifluid theory
Creators: name: Gavassino, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the GENERIC model for relativistic heat conduction is a multifluid of Carter. This allows one to compute the multifluid constitutive relations directly from the GENERIC formalism. As a quick application, we prove that, in the limit of infinite heat conductivity, GENERIC heat conduction reduces to the relativistic two-fluid model for superfluidity. This surprising ``crossover'' is a consequence of relativistic causality: If diffusion happens too fast, all the diffusing charge cumulates on the surface of the lightcone, and it eventually travels at the speed of light like a wave. Our analysis is non-perturbative, and it is carried out in the fully non-linear regime.
description: 10 Pages, 1 Figure, published on Symmetry, see https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/16/1/78