cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Addressing the importance of microplastic particles as vectors for long-range transport of chemical contaminants: Perspective in relation to prioritising research and regulatory actions
Creators: name: Gouin, Todd
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Microplastic
plastic additives
long-range transport

description: Over the last several years there has been increasing concern regarding the environmental fate and potential global transport of plastic debris, particularly in the form of microplastic particles (MPs). The global transport of MPs has also triggered concerns regarding the potential role that its mobility may represent towards influencing the long-range environmental transport (LRET) of particle-bound chemicals, particularly the large number of chemicals known to be added to plastic. This perspective considers the various lines-of-evidence that might be used towards understanding the LRET of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). For instance, it has been proposed that the LRET of POPs is facilitated by global fractionation processes that facilitate the mobility of chemicals from source regions towards remote locations, such as the polar regions, where they have the potential to accumulate. These processes are influenced by the physicochemical properties of POPs and can result in various transport mechanisms influencing environmental fate and transport. Here I suggest that there are similarities that can be drawn, whereby knowledge of how differences in the physicochemical properties of MPs relative to different emission scenarios, can influence the relative importance of sequestration processes that may result in global fractionation of MPs. Several challenges are identified throughout the perspective, with an urgent need towards the development and application of standard sampling and analytical methods being identified as critical for enabling datasets to be reliably compared for use in better understanding potential source-receptor relationships, as well as advancing the characterization and quantification of various environmental fate processes. In many instances, it is suggested that advances in our understanding can be facilitated based on knowledge obtained in other areas of research, such as in relation to studies developing tools to evaluate the mobility of particulate organic matter in aqueous environments or from studies investigating the fate and mobility of atmospheric particulates. Recognizing that not all MPs are equal, with respect to environmental fate and toxicological effects, knowledge regarding which types of MPs are likely to be subject to LRET can only strengthen our ability to evaluate their role as vectors of transport for plastic associated chemicals and the associated risks that their LRET may represent. Nevertheless, several outstanding issues remain that would benefit from constructive discussions between all stakeholders. It is anticipated that this perspective can play a role in initiating those discussions. 
title: LiquidEarth: Integrating Rapid 3D Geological Modeling in Cross-Platform Mixed Reality
Creators: name: Stamm, Fabian A.
name: Virgo, Simon
name: De la Varga, Miguel
name: Wellmann, Florian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Virtual and mixed reality technologies are reaching maturity for both professional and consumer applications, offering not only stereoscopic 3D visualization environments but also novel user interfaces with more immersive experiences of interacting with 3D content. Geosciences, which inherently deal with 3D complexities, can greatly benefit from these advancements. However, the potential benefits remain largely untapped for professional applications. Recent developments are bringing 3D geodata visualization with collaboration into virtual spaces. Nonetheless, the actual steps of 3D geological model creation and modification remain predominantly limited to workstation computers and 2D displays.

Addressing these limitations, we present LiquidEarth, a software solution that integrates rapid geomodeling with immersive mixed-reality environments. Utilizing a cloud-accelerated implicit modeling algorithm, LiquidEarth offers a dynamic experience of creating and updating 3D geological models in virtual spaces with real-time feedback. Cross-platform compatibility makes the solution device-agnostic, facilitating adoption in various geoscience applications and scenarios, including fieldwork.

The software combines features such as immersive visualization, real-time collaboration, field connectivity, workflow connectors, and flexible export options to create an integrated and versatile tool, making it ideal for geoscientific work in industry, research, and education. This holistic approach bridges the gap between immersive visualization of geological data and geological modeling, enabling geoscientists to harness the full potential of mixed reality technologies.

LiquidEarth signifies a substantial, yet initial, step towards the future of geomodeling by transcending traditional constraints. Its objective is to augment the geoscientific expert's ability to analyze and comprehend intricate geological 3D complexities while promoting the development of insightful conclusions.
Salamandra maculosa Laur. 1764
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Caudata
Salamandridae
Salamandra
Salamandra maculosa

description: Salamandra maculosa Laur.
Larven im Kiemenstadium von Anfang und Mitte August. Langenbruck v. H. Stud. Bider. Jung u. erwachsen von Klybeckschloss (H. G. Abt). Müllheim, Badenweiler (v. F M.) [10]
Der Feuersalamander bewohnt demnach nicht nur den Jura. und Schwarzwald, sondern er kommt auch in der Rheinebene von Basel abwärts vor. Die Stücke von der Klybeck und von Müllheim wurden in Kellergewölben gefunden.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 669, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
title: In-situ hydrolysis rate constants of ATP as a function of p-T-X, exploring the limits of life
Creators: name: Moeller, Christoph
name: Schmidt, Christian
name: Testemale, Denis
name: Guyot, Franoçois
name: Kokh, Maria
name: Wilke, Max
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
In recent decades varies extremophiles were found deep in the lithosphere. Experimental studies showed that life is possible at 121 °C (Takai et al. 2008) and the gigapascal range (Sharma et al. 2002), which is beyond the p-T-range of the investigated lithosphere. Knowledge on the kinetic stability of vital molecular compounds, like ATP, can help us constraining the conditions possible for life.

All metabolism relies on the exergonic enzymatic hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). At elevated temperatures, the enhanced kinetics of the non-enzymatic hydrolysis counteracts the enzymatic driven reaction; hence, it will limit the bioavailability of ATP.

We used an autoclave and a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell attached to a Raman spectrometer for in-situ investigation of the p-T-X-effects on the kinetics of the non-enzymatic ATP hydrolysis. At vapor pressure the half-lives were about 2-5 mins at 120 °C (Moeller et al. 2022). Up to 140 MPa, all results show an Arrhenian relationship in the T-range of 80-120 °C. The pressure effect can be best described by a power law; below 500 MPa the p-effect is vanishingly small, and above the rate constant increases exponentially. Addition of MgCl2 up too 4 wt% slows down the hydrolysis. A distinguished effect of NaCl and CaCl2 was not observed.  

The proposed limit for ATP-based life of 195 °C by Moeller et al. (2022) is lowered by additional pressure or elevated by MgCl2, respectively. These observations strengthen the idea that life could exist far deeper in the lithosphere as discovered yet.
title: Visualizing blind faults with shear-wave seismic reflection surveys: a case study from the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, northern Denmark
Creators: name: Brandes, Christian
name: Polom, Ulrich
name: Winsemann, Jutta
name: Peter, Sandersen
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
So-called ‘blind’ faults, which are not visible at the Earth’s surface may be the source of unexpected and potentially disastrous earthquakes and thus represent a major hazard, especially in urban areas. Detecting such hidden faults is highly important for the seismic hazard assessment of a region, but often remains a challenge, because the faults are covered by young sediments. To overcome this limitation, we visualize blind faults in the area of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone in northern Denmark with shear-wave seismic reflection surveys. The faults on the seismic surveys are interpreted based on systematic reflector offsets, the presence of continuous transparent zones that separate individual fault blocks, abrupt lateral changes in the reflector pattern, and the presence of fault shadows. The seismic surveys give evidence for a near-surface strike-slip fault system, based on the presence of flower structures and the dominance of steep faults. The distribution of the faults on the seismic surveys and the occurrence of fault-related shear-deformations bands that occur in outcrops along the nearby seas-cliff, together with fault-related basins that are developed in the study area, indicate that the northern boundary fault of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone is not an isolated fault, but a wider fault array. The study demonstrates that the shear-wave reflection seismic method is a powerful tool to image near-surface faults and is very suitable for palaeoseismological studies. The significantly improved resolution of shear-wave seismic surveys compared to those of the common P-wave reflection method is an advantage, especially in the case of small fault displacements.
Microplastic as vectors of exposure to organic chemicals: The role of models within a tiered evaluation approach
Creators: name: Gouin, Todd
name: Whelan, Mick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: microplastic
plastic additive chemicals
environmental fate model

description: Presentation summarizing the role of environmental fate models towards assessing human exposure to plastic associated chemicals, including preliminary results of a modified version of the food web model, AccHuman. Preliminary results suggest that ingestion of microplastic particles represent minimal influence regarding exposure to plastic associated chemicals, with other exposure pathways, such as via the diet, representing more significant exposure to humans.
Mobile app-delivered motivational interviewing for women on eating disorder treatment waitlists : pilot and feasibility study
Creators: name: Halicki-Asakawa, Amané
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Despite facing a myriad of adverse health outcomes such as high mortality rates and cardiovascular complications, women with eating disorders (EDs) are less likely to access mental health treatment compared to other clinical populations due to several barriers (e.g., long wait­lists, scarcity of treatment centres, egosyntonicity of pathology). Notably, a significant increase in ED clinic waitlists has been observed since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, widening existing treatment gaps. Given that delays in treatment have important clinical correlates (e.g., entrenchment of ED pathology), exploring new methods of mental health service delivery for this population is of critical concern. Mobile app-based motivational interviewing (MI) delivered prior to the start of treatment may be an effective way to improve accessibility by simultaneously addressing structural (e.g., travel costs) and individual (e.g., low motivation) barriers to care. Within the current multiphasic mixed-methods study, MI-Coach: ED, a novel mobile app designed to increase motivation among women waitlisted for ED treatment, was developed and pilot-tested. Phase I adapted the content and interface of an existing mobile app based on evidence-based principles (MI-Coach©) for an ED population. Phase II pilot-tested the mobile app with a sample of treatment-seeking women (n = 11) recruited from ED treatment clinic waitlists in British Columbia, Canada for a four-week period. Descriptive analyses of app use, pre- and post-test clinical characteristics, and thematic content analyses of semi-structured interviews conducted with a subset of participants (n = 8), indicated that most participants found the app acceptable, easy to use, and useful. Themes pertaining to previous experiences navigating treatment, the overall acceptability of the app, impacts of app use, and suggested modifications to the app were generated. Findings from this study support the use of MI-Coach: ED to deliver MI to individuals while waiting for formal treatment and highlight the potential of digital interventions to transform the delivery of ED services.
title: Genesis of thick, fine-grained calcite hardgrounds in the upper part of the Early to Late Cretaceous Natih Formation (Wadi Muaydin, Oman Mountains)
Creators: name: Mattern, Frank
name: Scharf, Andreas
name: Galluccio, Laura
name: Droste, Henk
name: Frijia, Gianluca
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
We studied two fine-grained calcite hardgrounds (Hg1, Hg2) from the upper part of the Early to Late Cretaceous Natih Formation. Both hardgrounds occur in a 60-m-thick succession of limestones, comprising the Natih members C, B and the basal part of A. The hardgrounds of interest are positioned in the members C (Hg1) and B (Hg2) and typified by abundant borings of homogenous distribution, filled with dolomite. They occupy the upper part of a mudstone to wackestone bed (Hg1) and a wackestone bed (Hg2), respectively, above which the grain size increases. Field work, petrographic, microfacies and cathodoluminescence analyses, allowed us to shed light on the their unusual great thickness (75 and 100-120 cm, respectively) as the thicknesses of such fine-grained horizons may generally represent barriers for calcite-precipitating fluids. The logged section represents a protected/lagoonal environment with a relatively low sedimentation rate as indicated by the hardgrounds, peloidal limestones and bioturbation-related nodular bedding. The hardgrounds contain sponge spicules, which we did not encounter elsewhere. The two hardgrounds formed by minor sediment aggradation of locally produced mud-rich sediment, in which near-surface cementation was able to keep pace with aggradation. These conditions were met due to the Cretaceous calcite sea water composition, tropical climate, relatively low relative sedimentation rate and relative sea-level rise shifting the depocenter landward. Episodic sea-level rise was caused by regional plate convergence. Slab-pull and pulsed thrust-loading caused down-bending of the platform twice and formation of the two hardgrounds. Temporary down-bending events were followed by isostatic rebound.
An image speaks a thousand words
Creators: name: Gitte, Samoy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: fairground
the body
visual culture

description: A Nigerian medical student went viral when he shared an illustration of a black pregnant woman. The image stirred up emotions as people realized they had never seen this kind of image of someone of colour. SciFair PhD student Gitte Samoy reflects on this 'new' insight.
title: Ordovician-Devonian black slates from the Rhenohercynian and Truchas basins – deposition and diagenesis
Creators: name: Grigowski, Edouard
name: McCann, Tom
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Mud-rich successions can be challenging to interpret accurately, since sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding and ripple marks are often scarce or absent. This makes it difficult to determine the exact environmental and depositional parameters. In order to gain a better understanding of the conditions of such environments, this study aims to compare two of the most important roofing slate deposits in Europe: The Devonian-age “Mosel Slates” and the Ordovician-Silurian-age Truchas Domain.

Until 2019, Rathscheck Schiefer mined the “Mosel Slates” from the Katzenberg mine in the SE Eifel, while companies such as Samaca actively exploit roofing slates near Valdeorras, making Spain one of the largest exporters of roofing slate. These slate mines provide a unique opportunity to gather new insights into the geology of the areas of Mayen (Rhenohercynian Basin) and Valdeorras (Truchas Basin). Both of these areas contain sediments which were deposited in marine shelf settings, although the precise mechanisms of deposition and the precise depositional environment are poorly understood.

This study presents the results of high-resolution facies analyses, both above and below ground, geochemical analyses, including XRD, XRF and CNS measurements, and micro-CT measurements of framboid populations. In both settings, deposition occurred in a low-energy regime on a passive continental margin. Sediments were derived and reworked from the Laurussian and Avalonian continents, respectively. Background sedimentation and density flows were the main mode of deposition. The water column was oxygenated and anoxia was restricted to the sediment in the “Mosel Slates” and to dysoxic episodes in the Spanish slates.
Hydrological processes as function of vegetation type in six vegetation communities in a maritime raised bog
Creators: name: Exler, Johannes
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Climate change and widespread drainage of peatlands are two main drivers behind shifts in peatland vegetation composition. Peatlands rely on shallow water levels that reduce peat oxidation rates to levels less than carbon accumulation. However, climatic warming and drainage enable non-native vegetation to encroach in areas of lowered groundwater levels where increased water loss due to plant activity cause groundwater levels to drop further. This research aimed at improving the understanding of how drainage and projected climatic change in the Pacific Northwest of North America may affect the hydrology of ombrotrophic raised bogs in the region through associated vegetation community shifts. Research was conducted in a raised bog in southwestern British Columbia, which has a history of drainage that enabled vegetation communities of different structure and species composition to establish. Multi-year energy and water flux and storage observations at an open site near the bog's center identified available energy and atmospheric demand, expressed as vapour pressure deficit (VPD), to be the main drivers of evapotranspiration loss (ET) at a daily time scale, and groundwater level was a secondary control. Interannual variability of growing season ET was driven by differences in VPD. The dominant water loss process shifted from ET in summer to lateral near-surface and surface flow in winter, which was controlled by two groundwater level thresholds. Vertical water exchange fluxes between the peat surface and the atmosphere were a function of vegetation type. A reduction in net precipitation was primarily associated with shrub interception loss, which was higher than interception loss from trees on a per unit ground area basis. At the tree level, transpiration loss was a function of tree size and species; groundwater level was a secondary species-specific control in the short term. Differences in root development between sites that affected stand transpiration were likely a result of historic drainage. Peat surface evaporation was primarily controlled by shading from shrubs and peat moisture content was a strong secondary control. Water loss to the atmosphere was higher at more vegetated sites and relative contribution of fluxes varied according to vegetation type.
title: On the impact of the bedrock erodibility on the depositional response time to a slab break-off using stratigraphic forward modelling
Creators: name: Baville, Paul
name: Piccolo, Andrea
name: Thielmann, Marcel
name: Andrić-Tomašević, Nevena
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Slab break-off is a geodynamic process in which the lower portion of a subducting plate detaches from its uppermost one. This process changes the force balance acting on the lithosphere causing tectonic uplift that can affect the sedimentary basin architecture by reducing the accommodation space and increasing the sediment supply due to source rejuvenation. While sediment supply intensity is commonly attributed to tectonic and/or climatic factors, recent studies have highlighted that the erodibility of the source area can have a significant effect on the timing of these signals.
To investigate this hypothesis, we modify the stratigraphic forward modeling software GPM (Geological Process Modeling software provided and produced by SLB), to consider the impact of topography-dependent steady flow. The simulation involved clastic deposition in a deltaic environment and included variations in source area erodibility, sea level changes, tectonic rates, and variable water discharge. Simulations were conducted with increasing complexity to quantify the sensitivity of catchment scale depositional rates to the aforementioned changes.
03 Kindergarten Children's Perceptions of the Museum Experience "It is fun there. If you go, you will learn new things"
Creators: name: Hod-Shemer, Orit
name: Sher, Edith
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130102 Early Childhood Education (excl. Maori)
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Museums, as educational spaces for children, provide interactive and multisensory experiences. A review of the education and leisure literature indicates that most studies on children’s experiences in the museum are based on the perspectives of adults, while only very few takes into account the child’s voice. The purpose of this exploratory study was to reveal children's perceptions of the museum experience. A qualitative research approach was adopted. Eighty-three kindergarten children (aged 5 to 6) were interviewed regarding their museum experiences. The semi-structured interviews included questions about their memories of their museum visits. The findings, which related to the general concept of museums, highlight three types of learning perceptions: "informative knowledge acquisition," "social learning," and "knowledge recalibration and revision." By taking into account kindergarten children’s voices, this study contributes to an improved understanding of their perceptions of museums and the ways in which they learn in museums.
title: Systematic variations in trace element composition of pyrites from the Xunmei hydrothermal field (26°S), Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Creators: name: Fan, Lei
name: Wang, Guozhi
name: Holzheid, Astrid
name: Zoheir, Basem
name: Shi, Xuefa
name: Frische, Matthias
name: Lei, Qing
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Two zoned inactive chimney samples from the SMAR 26°S (Xunmei) hydrothermal field were studied petrographically and by in-situ LA-ICP-MS analysis. Morphologically different pyrites precipitated with increasing temperatures from the outermost chimney wall to intermediate zone, then to the inner zone, and finally to interstice pore fillings which represents the late mature stage. The distribution of trace elements in pyrites across the chimney indicates a strong dependence on time, temperature, and associated sulfide minerals. The variation of trace elements in different paragenetic stages of pyrite reveals that the hydrothermal system most likely evolved from low-temperature low-chloride liquid-dominated fluids (enriched in Zn, Cd, Tl, Ag, Pb, Mn, Mo, and V) to higher temperature, vapor-dominated fluids (Cu, Au, Te, and Bi), probably representing magmatic volatiles, and then to high-temperature fluids (Co and Se). In the waning stage of the hydrothermal system, circulating hot fluids in auxiliary conduits were depleted in most trace elements. LA-ICP-MS time-depth profiles reveal that Co, Se, and Mo are present mainly in lattice substitution, whereas Cu, Zn, Cd, Tl, Ag, Te, and Bi are related to micro-/nano-inclusions. Profiles for As, Pb, Au, and Sb can be either smooth or irregular, indicating both lattice substitutions and inclusions. Adsorbed films on pyrites control the distribution of V and Mo. To conclude, the behavior of trace elements is strongly associated with the fluid evolution during chimney growth, where trapping of micro-/nano-inclusions and surface adsorption are seen more frequently at the low-temperature stage, whereas lattice substitutions are dominant at elevated temperature stages.
title: Enabling virtual teaching with Unreal Engine 5 (3D/XR): The 30 Geotope³ virtual museum
Creators: name: Woiton, Pascal Michael
name: Grigowski, Edouard
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Fieldwork and outcrops are an essential component of geoscience education, providing students with a hands-on learning experience that enhances their understanding of geological processes. This is reflected by the importance personal field experience has in the teaching of geology. While classic fieldwork remains the best way to grasp the extent and underlying processes of geological structures, 3D and VR teaching applications offer a unique opportunity to explore and visualize geological features that may be difficult to access or too large from a human’s perspective. However, state-of-the-art virtualising technology is sparsely used in geoscientific education. The commonly used toolkits to handle three-dimensional geological data are not able to process large amounts of polygons, as well as their accompanying texture-sets, derived from detailed photogrammetry datasets in real-time or VR. Here we present our current digitising workflow within the 30 Geotope³ project and how we visualise highly detailed, large- and small-scale outcrops with the use of Unreal Engine 5s Nanite and Virtual Texturing technologies. This virtual museum enables students to experience a variety of geological features in an immersive and interactive way, bridging the gap between theory and practice and enabling collaborative and remote learning. We understand the virtual museum as a starting point for interactive educational environments covering outcrops from all around the world, thus making geoscience more accessible and preserving outcrops for future research.
title: High-stress crystal-plasticity versus creep of rock-forming minerals – the importance of stress-loading rates indicated by deformation microfabrics
Creators: name: Trepmann, Claudia
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
There is ample evidence of transient high stresses of several hundred MPa at the base of the seismogenic zone in the continental crust, i.e. at greenschist-facies conditions. The microstructural evidence from these depths includes twinning and kinking of jadeite and amphibole, as well as quasi-instantaneous cataclastic deformation of garnet and quartz. At interseismic strain rates, known flow laws for dislocation creep of the rheological dominant mineral, quartz, and/or dissolution precipitation creep of crustal rocks predict lower stresses at the given pressure-temperature conditions. Thus, fast stress-loading rates are required to explain the inferred high-stress crystal-plasticity at greenschist-facies conditions, i.e. loading rates from few tens of MPa to several hundred of MPa within minutes, corresponding to the rupture times for major earthquakes in the seismogenic zone. Although high-stress crystal-plasticity is not allowing to accumulate a high amount of strain, as high stresses prevail only transiently, it provides a driving force for accelerated but rapidly decaying creep, where higher amounts of strain can be accumulated. The strength of both, fault rocks and their host rocks, is strongly depending on the stress conditions that control whether they behave by high-stress crystal-plasticity or creep at given pressure-temperature conditions. Thus, the rheology of crustal rocks is dependent on the stress-loading rates during the seismic cycle controlled by the distance to the tip of the seismic active fault.
Artificial Intelligence Crime (AIC): Ένας Νέος Τρόπος Τέλεσης Εγκλημάτων
Creators: name: Technitis, Manos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Στο άρθρο γίνεται λόγος για το λεγόμενο «έγκλημα μέσω τεχνητής νοημοσύνης» και στα αγγλικά AI Crime (AIC) και παρατίθενται χρήσιμα παραδείγματα που επιβεβαιώνουν τη χρήση συστημάτων τεχνητής νοημοσύνης για την τέλεση εγκηματικών ενεργειών.
title: High-Stress Crystal Plasticity of Calcite – Evidence from Ries Impact Breccias
Creators: name: Trepmann, Claudia
name: Seybold, Lina
name: Hölzl, Stefan
name: Langenhorst, Falko
name: Pollok, Kilian
name: Kaliwoda, Melanie
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Abstract: Twinned calcite occurs in calcite-bearing metagranite cataclasites within crystalline megablocks of the Ries impact structure, Germany, as well as in cores from the FBN1973 research drilling. The calcite likely originates from pre-impact veins within the Variscan metagranites and gneisses, while the cataclasis is due to the Miocene impact. Quartz in the metagranite components does not contain planar deformation features, indicating low shock pressures (< 7 GPa). Calcite, however, shows a high density (> 1/µm) of twins with widths < 100 nm. Different types of twins (e-, f- and r-twins) crosscutting each other can occur in one grain. Interaction of r- and f-twins results in a-type domains characterized by a misorientation angle of 35-40° and a misorientation axis parallel to an a-axis relative to the host. Such a-type domains have not been recorded from deformed rocks in nature before. The high twin density and activation of different twin systems in one grain require high differential stresses (on the order of 1 GPa). Twinning of calcite at high differential stresses is consistent with deformation during impact cratering at relatively low shock pressure conditions. The twinned calcite microstructure can serve as a valuable indicator of high differential stresses and sufficient confining pressure to prevent brittle deformation. The stress conditions at relatively low shock pressures (< 7 GPa) during impact-cratering are comparable to those at hypocentral depths during seismic rupturing in the continental crust. Therefore, comparable high-stress crystal plasticity of calcite might likewise be expected from fault rocks deformed at hypocentral depths.
title: Extracting the source characteristics of the April 2022 Guanyuan landslide event from seismic signals recorded in the near-field
Creators: name: Ursu, Rebeca
name: Tang, Hui
name: Turowski, Jens M.
name: Yang, Ci-Jian
name: Chang, Jui-Ming
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The seismic signature of landslides preserves information of utmost importance in reconstructing the impact forces induced by landslides and, subsequently, the trajectory of motion and the dynamic properties of the sliding mass. Several studies focusing on large-scale events successfully inverted the source-time function and, therefore, the time-varying force exerted on the surface from the observed low-frequency (<0.1 Hz) seismic waves recorded in the far field. Nonetheless, most landslide events are small in terms of the displaced mass, which is more likely to excite rapidly attenuating seismic waves. With dominant frequencies above 1 Hz, these waves are noticeable only at the stations near the landslide. Analyzing the seismic signal generated by landslides in the near field is challenging. The proposed models would require a thorough description of the ground propagation medium, which is only available for some study cases. Here, we investigate using analytical solutions to Lamb’s problem to simulate the propagation history of the surface waves during the April 2022 Guanyuan landslide, Taiwan. This landslide mobilised more than 100,000 m3 of rock and stopped the traffic on the Taiwanese Central Cross-Island Highway for 43 days. The proximity of the landslide to a broadband station located about 6 km away allows the study of the near-field seismic signals. The duration and amplitude of the force retrieved in this fashion agree with qualitative observations, suggesting the potential of the model to extract source characteristics of landslides from seismic signals recorded in the near field.
Map #418, Site 5MT10647, Nonstructure 125 Surface 1, Feature 1 (Rock Concentration)
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: Pueblo I
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/54/pueblo-i
subject: Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/55/pueblo-ii
subject: 5MT10647
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118013/5mt10647
subject: Dillard Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118012/dillard-site

description: Site 5MT10647, Nonstructure 125 Surface 1, Feature 1 (Rock Concentration)
title: Petrographic, mineralogic, geochemical and geo-morphological provenience study on granite stelae from the Beira Alta (Beira Interior, Portugal)
Creators: name: Ferreiro Mählmann, Rafael
name: Araque Gonzalez, Ralph
name: Baptista, Pedro
name: Scheuvens, Dirk
name: Vintrici, Giuseppe
name: Osorio, Marcos
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Of twelve stelae from the Late Bronze Age (c. 1200-800 BC) that are exhibited in five museums in the Beira Interior (Portugal), ten are carved in granitoid rocks of mainly leucocratic composition. Between the Serra da Estrela and the river Tejo, 70 % of the area is covered by granitoid intrusions of pre-, syn- and post-orogenic Variscan age. Plutons intruded in metamorphic and meta-sedimentary rocks older than Late-Carboniferous. Only one stele each was extracted from the largest intrusions of the area, from the Guarda biotite-monzogranite, and one from the pre-orogenic Fundão hornblende bearing biotite-granodiorite to monzogranite. A precise provenience study is thus not possible.

Eight stelae where isotropic fine to medium grained granitoids with predominantly muscovite and rarely containing biotite. Microstructures, mineralogy, textural characteristics and geochemical analyses points to highly differentiated micro-plutonic rocks or dykes. Having realized that all twelve large granitoid intrusions in the Beira are less differentiated and porphyry, 16 aplite dykes and apophyses could be detected in a field study. Some aplite dykes in the northern part of the study area show the same composition variations as the Malhada Sorda pluton and its apophyses. But some dykes cannot be related with a late or post-orogenic intrusion. Seven syenogranite aplite rocks and apophyses could be related with a stelae rock type. Remarkably, all potential extraction sites are close to the place of stelae discovery, at the border of old communication routes, or near Late Bronze Age sites.

*(DFG-project AR 1305/2-1), https://www.experimentalarchaeology.uni-freiburg.de/
title: Als die Mauer fiel. Die Wahrnehmung der deutschen Wiedervereinigung in internationalen diplomatischen Dokumenten 1989–1990
Creators: name: Dierikx, Marc
name: Zala, Sacha
Publisher: name: Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz
Year: 2020

description: Saggi di Dodis 2, 2020/2
description: Nach Monaten der Krise kündigte die Regierung der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik am 9. November 1989 auf einmal an, die Grenzübergänge nach Westberlin zu öffnen. Selbst gut informierte Diplomaten hatten dies nicht kommen sehen. Ausländische Gesandte warnten vor dem «Gespenst der deutschen Wiedervereinigung», dass die Stabilität in Europa stören könnte. Die von der westdeutschen Regierung in Bonn geförderte Wiederver- einigung wurde zum Schlüsselwort für alle nachfolgenden Entwicklungen. Schlagartig nahmen die 1945 unterzeichneten Vereinbarungen eine neue Unmittelbarkeit an. Doch vier Jahrzehnte nach Kriegsende war das Selbstbestimmungsrecht des deutschen Volkes unbestritten. Das rasante Tempo der Entwicklungen stellte ausländische und deutsche Diplomaten allerdings gleichermaßen vor Herausforderungen. Dieser Artikel stellt eine Auswahl an Reaktionen zusammen und bettet sie in den Kontext des Mauerfalls ein.
description: After months of crisis, the government of the German Democratic Republic suddenly announced on 9 November 1989 that it opened up the border crossings for travel to West Berlin forthwith. Even diplomats, proficiently well-informed, had not seen this coming. Reactions by foreign envoys expressed concerns, warning of a «specter of German reunification» that might upset the stability in Europe. Promoted by the West German government in Bonn, reunification became the keyword for all subsequent developments. Suddenly, agreements signed in 1945 took on a new immediacy.
Yet four decades after the end of the war, the right of the German people to self-determination was beyond dispute. The rapid pace of developments presented challenges to foreign and German diplomats alike. This article compiles a selection of reactions and reports and embeds them in the context of the fall of the wall.
Optimization of forest harvest scheduling at the operational level
Creators: name: Arora, Rohit
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Forest harvesting consists of multiple sequential activities to convert trees into logs ready for delivery to mills: felling, processing, yarding and loading. The forest harvesting cost contributes significantly to the delivered cost of logs. Therefore, it is important to optimize the schedule of forest harvesting activities to minimize costs. Previous studies have developed mathematical programming models to optimize the forest harvesting scheduling at the operational level. However, these studies did not consider the precedence relationship between forest harvesting activities, multiple machine assignment decisions, and the use of multi-task machines. The goal of this dissertation is to optimize the scheduling of harvesting activities at the operational level considering the mentioned research gaps. To achieve this goal, three mathematical programming models are developed in this work. In the first model, the precedence relationship between harvesting activities and the movement of individual machines is considered. In the second model, the multiple machine assignment decisions are incorporated in addition to those conditions considered in the first model. Also, the precedence relationship based on the slope of cut blocks is included in the second model. In the last model, the use of multi-task machines is incorporated in addition to other considerations in the second model. In this model, the scheduling of activities related to road construction within a cut block is also included. All models determine the start time and end time of each harvesting activity at each cut block, and where the machine should move after completing its operation in one cut block. In addition, the second and third models also determine the number of machines to be assigned at each cut block for each activity. All the models are applied to the harvesting operations of a real case study in the coast of British Columbia. The results indicate that the harvesting cost from the models is (at most) 4.5% higher than that of the defined ideal cost benchmark. All the developed models can be easily applied to other cases and regions by modifying the sets of succeeding and preceding activities in the input data according to the requirement of the harvesting system.
title: Metamorphic mapping and geo-morphologic considerations to locate the extraction sites of meta-psammite Late Bronze Age stelae from the Beira Interior (Portugal)
Creators: name: Döbler, Timo
name: Ferreiro Mählmann, Rafael
name: Scheuvens, Dirk
name: Clamote, Vítor
name: Henrique, Francisco
name: Osorio, Marcos
name: Baptista, Pedro
name: Potel, Sébastien
name: Nguyen-Thanh, Lan
name: Araque Gonzalez, Ralph
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
A petrographic and geochemical provenience analysis of meta-psammite Iberian Stelae from the Final Bronze Age will be presented. A provenience analysis of archaeological objects is a Sisyphean task or impossible when dealing with uniform rock composition and structure along strike as they occur in sedimentary formations. If there are no observable singularities along vertical and horizontal inter-digitations of facies, the specification of a possible extraction site is like searching a needle in a haystack. Geo-morphologic consideration helps to enhance the probability to find the outcrop if strike of formation is perpendicular to valleys or mountain ranges. Furthermore, post metamorphic folding and tectonic dismembering reduces the possible areas, and increases the probability to find appropriate outcrops.

The Beira Interior was metamorphosed during the Variscan Orogeny showing a metamorphic field gradient from amphibolite to sub-greenschist facies. The orogenic tectono-metamorphic pattern is disturbed by pluton intrusions and by aplite dykes. Metamorphic aureole zonation crosscuts formation strike and the orogenic metamorphic facies zonation. Therefore, areas with the same sedimentary lithotype (educt) and transformed to meta-sedimentary and metamorphic rocks (product) of a specific contact-metamorphic grade often postdates orogenic metamorphism and deformation. All these observations allow to drastically reduce the potential raw-material areas and to find outcrops showing the same educt-product genetic history as found in the rock-types of stelae. The very first application of metamorphic mapping techniques in combination with geo-morphology will be presented to clarify the provenience of archaeological objects.

*(DFG-project AR 1305/2-1), https://www.experimentalarchaeology.uni-freiburg.de/
Synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterization of an unsymmetrical bis-benzimidazolium nitrate salt
Creators: name: Özdemir, Namık
name: Karataş, Mert Olgun
name: Küçükbay, Hasan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: A bis-benzimidazolium nitrate salt was isolated and then characterized by FT-IR, NMR, LC-MS and UV-Vis. spectroscopies and elemental analysis. Geometry of the compound has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray study. The electronic structure and solution spectra have been supported by DFT and TDDFT calculations at HSEH1PBE/cc-pVDZ level of theory. The two-dimensional fingerprint plots associated with the Hirshfeld surface analysis of the compound elegantly quantify the interactions within the crystal structure, revealing significant similarities in the interactions. Structural parameters and spectroscopic properties of the compound are well represented by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
Prices of Major Food Fats and Oils Closely Related
Creators: name: Kromer, George W.
name: Kromer, George W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1961
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Wholesale prices of the major food fats—soybean oil, cottonseed oil, and lard—generally move together and, except for short time variations, their relationships to each other tend to hold constant. This "togetherness" of these prices reflects primarily the high degree of substitution and interchangeability of the three fats in manufactured food products. When one of the three get out of line with the other two competitive fats in the general price structure, manufacturers who use that fat in their products switch to a lower priced substitute fat to as great an extent as possible. There are many uses made of these food fats but the more important are in margarine, shortening, and cooking and salad oils.
description: Reprinted from the Fats and Oils Situation, FOS-209, August 1961
title: Regieren und Protokollieren. Anmerkungen zur Geschichte der Protokollführung in den Bundesratssitzungen
Creators: name: Zala, Sacha
name: Felix, Flurina
Publisher: name: Diplomatische Dokumente der Schweiz (Dodis)
Year: 2020

description: Saggi di Dodis 2, 2020/3
description: Mit Schwerpunkt auf das 20. Jahrhundert untersucht dieser Artikel die Geschichte der Protokollierung der Bundesratssitzungen seit 1848. Die Aufgaben und Kompetenzen der Bundeskanzlei in Bezug auf Vorbereitung, Durchführung und Protokollierung der Bundesratssitzungen wurden schrittweise bis zu ihrer heutigen Form als Stabsstelle ausgebaut. Diese Entwicklung manifestiert sich nicht zuletzt in den unterschiedlichen Dokumententypen, welche teil- oder serienweise im Bundesarchiv archiviert sind. Der Artikel zeichnet die Debatten um die Art und Weise der Protokollführung im Bundesrat nach und zeigt auf, wie sich entgegen aller Vorbehalte neben dem traditionellen Regierungsinstrument des Beschlussprotokolls auch das umstrittene Verhandlungsprotokoll etablieren konnte.
description: This article examines the taking of minutes at Federal Council meetings since 1848, with a focus on the 20th century. The Federal Chancellery’s responsibilities in preparing, holding and recording these meetings have been gradually expanded, ultimately producing its present form as a staff unit. This development is manifested in the different types of documents held by the Federal Archives in part or in series. The article traces the debates surrounding the manner in which minutes are kept in the Federal Council and shows how, against all reservations, the controversial minutes of proceedings were able to establish themselves alongside the traditional government instrument that are decision minutes.