cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Higher-dimensional soliton generation, stability and excitations of the PT-symmetric nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Creators: name: Chen, Yong
name: Yan, Zhenya
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a class of physically intriguing PT-symmetric generalized Scarf-II (GS-II) potentials, which can support exact solitons in one- and multi-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In the 1D and multi-D settings, we find that a properly adjusted localization parameter may support fully real energy spectra. Also, continuous families of fundamental and higher-order solitons are produced. The fundamental states are shown to be stable, while the higher-order ones, including 1D multimodal solitons, 2D solitons, and 3D light bullets, are unstable. Further, we find that the stable solitons can always propagate, in a robust form, remaining trapped in slowly moving potential wells of the GS-II type, which opens the way for manipulations of optical solitons. Solitons may also be transformed into stable forms by means of adibatic variation of potential parameters. Finally, an alternative type of n-dimensional PT-symmetric GS-II potentials is reported too. These results will be useful to further explore the higher-dimensional PT-symmetric solitons and to design the relative physical experiments.
description: 26 pages, 12 figures. To be published in Physica D, nonlinear phenomena
title: Developing and integrating scenarios in a virtual city
Creators: name: Suhre, Niklas
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2024

description: Given the increasing prevalence of extreme events due to climate change, it becomes
imperative to be prepared for their impacts. Simulations of events in virtual environments
can be used for the evaluation of these effects. This thesis focuses on how different
scenarios can be integrated into virtual environments.

Currently, there is no wholistic approach for simulations of extreme events in virtual
reality, but only stand-alone simulations of single (extreme) events. The goal of this thesis
is to develop a modular framework for the simulation of scenarios. This enables scholars
to integrate customized scenarios into their virtual research environments.

Following a standard software development process, I created a new software called
“Situation Control Menu (SitCoM)”. The software has two main components: the visual
simulation of scenarios and the impact side of those events. I developed the software in
the game engine “Unity”, as the available research environment “Spectra” is based on
Unity. In addition, I developed a guideline on how to use this software.

I tested the feasibility of SitCoM with a construction site scenario. The software turns out
to be indeed feasible for simulations of (extreme) events. The visual side of an event can
be integrated into SitCoM with ease, while programming experience is required for the
impact side.
Additional file 1 of A systematic review of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents and young people with disabilities aged 15–29 years
Creators: name: Leung, Xing Yu
name: Kavanagh, Anne Marie
name: Quang, Que Tien
name: Shields, Marissa
name: Aitken, Zoe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Hints of the $H_0-r_d$ tension in uncorrelated Baryon Acoustic Oscillations dataset
Creators: name: Staicova, Denitsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83Fxx

description: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) datasets use very precise measurements of the spatial distribution of large-scale structures as a distance ladder to help constrain cosmological parameters. In a recent article \cite{Benisty:2020otr}, we combined 17 uncorrelated BAO measurements in the effective redshift range $0.106 \le z \le 2.36$ with the Cosmic Chronometers data, the Pantheon Type Ia supernova and the Hubble Diagram of Gamma Ray Bursts and Quasars to obtain that the $Λ$CDM model fit infers for the Hubble constant: $69.85 \pm 1.27km/sec/Mpc$ and for the sound horizon distance: $146.1 \pm 2.15Mpc$. Beyond the $Λ$CDM model we test $Ω_k$CDM and wCDM and we get $Ω_k = -0.076 \pm 0.012$, $w = -0.989 \pm 0.049$ accordingly. In this proceeding we present elaborate on our findings and we compare them to other recent results in the literature.
description: 12 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the Sixteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting - MG16, July 5-10, 2021
Clustering Using Shared Reference Points Algorithm Based On a Sound Data Model
Creators: name: Abbas, Mohamed
name: Kashef, Rasha
name: Shoukry, Amin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460308
subject: Pattern recognition

description: A novel clustering algorithm CSHARP is presented for the purpose of finding clusters of arbitrary shapes and arbitrary densities in high dimensional feature spaces. It can be considered as a variation of the Shared Nearest Neighbor algorithm (SNN), in which each sample data point votes for the points in its k-nearest neighborhood. Sets of points sharing a common mutual nearest neighbor are considered as dense regions/ blocks. These blocks are the seeds from which clusters may grow up. Therefore, CSHARP is not a point-to-point clustering algorithm. Rather, it is a block-to-block clustering technique. Much of its advantages come from these facts: Noise points and outliers correspond to blocks of small sizes, and homogeneous blocks highly overlap. The proposed technique is less likely to merge clusters of different densities or different homogeneity. The algorithm has been applied to a variety of low and high dimensional data sets with superior results over existing techniques such as DBScan, K-means, Chameleon, Mitosis and Spectral Clustering. The quality of its results as well as its time complexity, rank it at the front of these techniques.
Data-driven discoveries of Bäcklund transforms and soliton evolution equations via deep neural network learning schemes
Creators: name: Zhou, Zijian
name: Wang, Li
name: Weng, Weifang
name: Yan, Zhenya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a deep neural network learning scheme to learn the Bäcklund transforms (BTs) of soliton evolution equations and an enhanced deep learning scheme for data-driven soliton equation discovery based on the known BTs, respectively. The first scheme takes advantage of some solution (or soliton equation) information to study the data-driven BT of sine-Gordon equation, and complex and real Miura transforms between the defocusing (focusing) mKdV equation and KdV equation, as well as the data-driven mKdV equation discovery via the Miura transforms. The second deep learning scheme uses the explicit/implicit BTs generating the higher-order solitons to train the data-driven discovery of mKdV and sine-Gordon equations, in which the high-order solution informations are more powerful for the enhanced leaning soliton equations with higher accurates.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 1 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews
Creators: name: Déry, Julien
name: Ouellet, Béatrice
name: de Guise, Élaine
name: Bussières, Ève-Line
name: Lamontagne, Marie-Eve
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
$Ab~initio$ thermodynamics of one-component plasma for astrophysics of white dwarfs and neutron stars
Creators: name: Baiko, D. A.
name: Chugunov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using path-integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) simulations, we have calculated energy of a crystal composed of atomic nuclei and uniform incompressible electron background in the temperature and density range, covering fully ionized layers of compact stellar objects, white dwarfs and neutron stars, including the high-density regime, where ion quantization is important. We have approximated the results by convenient analytic formulae, which allowed us to integrate and differentiate the energy with respect to temperature and density to obtain various thermodynamic functions such as Helmholtz free energy, specific heat, pressure, entropy etc. In particular, we have demonstrated, that the total crystal specific heat can exceed the well-known harmonic lattice contribution by a factor of 1.5 due to anharmonic effects. By combining our results with the PIMC thermodynamics of a quantum Coulomb liquid, updated in the present work, we were able to determine density dependences of such melting parameters as the Coulomb coupling strength at melting, latent heat, and a specific heat jump. Our results are necessary for realistic modelling of thermal evolution of compact degenerate stars.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables, accepted to MNRAS
Dynamic Multi-Factor Bid-Offer Adjustment Model: A Feedback Mechanism for Dealers (Market Makers) to Deal (Grapple) with the Uncertainty Principle of the Social Sciences
Creators: name: Kashyap, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The author seeks to develop a model to alter the bid-offer spread, currently quoted by market makers, that varies with the market and trading conditions. The dynamic nature of financial markets and trading, as with the rest of social sciences, where changes can be observed and decisions can be made by participants to influence the system, means that this model has to be adaptive and include a feedback loop that alters the bid-offer adjustment based on the modifications observed in the market and trading conditions, without a significant time delay. The factors used to adjust the spread are price volatility, which is publicly observable, and trade count and volume, which are generally known only to the market maker, in various instruments over different historical durations in time. The contributions of each factor to the bid-offer adjustment are computed separately and then consolidated to produce a very adaptive bid-offer quotation. The author uses the currency markets to build the sample model because they are extremely liquid and trading in them is not as transparent as other financial instruments, such as equities. Simulating the number of trades and the average size of trades from a lognormal distribution, the parameters of the lognormal distributions are chosen such that the total volume in a certain interval matches the volume publicly mentioned by currency trading firms. This methodology can easily be extended to other financial instruments and possibly to any product with the ability to make electronic price quotations, or can even be used to periodically perform manual price updates on products that are traded non-electronically.
Rotation of slender swimmers in isotropic-drag media
Creators: name: Koens, Lyndon
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The drag anisotropy of slender filaments is a critical physical property allowing swimming in low-Reynolds number flows, and without it linear translation is impossible. Here we show that, in contrast, net rotation can occur under isotropic drag. We first demonstrate this result formally by considering the consequences of the force- and torque-free conditions on swimming bodies and we then illustrate it with two examples (a simple swimmers made of three rods and a model bacterium with two helical flagellar filaments). Our results highlight the different role of hydrodynamic forces in generating translational vs.~rotational propulsion.
Trichopria bifoveata Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Trichopria
Trichopria bifoveata

description: Trichopria bifoveata Nixon, 1980: 34, 38, figs 92, 102, 104, 124.
Valid name
Trichopria nixoni Notton, 1995.
Summary of types
Lectotype ♀, BMNH number 9.894, designated by Notton (1995). Paralectotypes 7 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂.
Primary type data
Devon / Torquay dist./ Aug. 1929 / G.Nixon; Trichopria / bifoveata K./ G.Nixon det. 1975; Lectotype ♀ / Trichopria / bifoveata/ Nixon, 1980 / det. D.G.Notton,1992.
Type locality
England, Devon, Torquay district.
Remarks
Although Nixon attributed the name to Kieffer, there is no species of that name described by Kieffer and Nixon (1980) must be considered the author, the description provided in the key being sufficient to make the name available (Notton 1995). The lectotype is mounted on a card point, has the right fore wing folded and the left hind tarsus broken off and stuck to the right fore wing.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 100-101, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Clustering Using Shared Reference Points Algorithm Based On a Sound Data Model
Creators: name: Abbas, Mohamed
name: Kashef, Rasha
name: Shoukry, Amin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460308
subject: Pattern recognition

description: A novel clustering algorithm CSHARP is presented for the purpose of finding clusters of arbitrary shapes and arbitrary densities in high dimensional feature spaces. It can be considered as a variation of the Shared Nearest Neighbor algorithm (SNN), in which each sample data point votes for the points in its k-nearest neighborhood. Sets of points sharing a common mutual nearest neighbor are considered as dense regions/ blocks. These blocks are the seeds from which clusters may grow up. Therefore, CSHARP is not a point-to-point clustering algorithm. Rather, it is a block-to-block clustering technique. Much of its advantages come from these facts: Noise points and outliers correspond to blocks of small sizes, and homogeneous blocks highly overlap. This technique is not prone to merge clusters of different densities or different homogeneity. The algorithm has been applied to a variety of low and high dimensional data sets with superior results over existing techniques such as DBScan, K-means, Chameleon, Mitosis and Spectral Clustering. The quality of its results as well as its time complexity, rank it at the front of these techniques.
Nashian game theory is incompatible with quantum physics
Creators: name: Baczyk, Michal
name: Fourny, Ghislain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.4
subject: 91A35

description: We suggest to look at quantum measurement outcomes not through the lens of probability theory, but instead through decision theory. We introduce an original game-theoretical framework, model and algorithmic procedure where measurement scenarios are multiplayer games with a structure all observers agree on. Measurement axes and, newly, measurement outcomes are modeled as decisions with nature being an action-minimizing economic agent. We translate physical notions of causality, correlation, counterfactuals, and contextuality to particular aspects of game theory. We investigate the causal consistency of dynamic games with imperfect information from the quantum perspective and conclude that counterfactual dependencies should be distinguished from causation and correlation as a separate phenomenon of its own. Most significantly, we observe that game theory based on Nash equilibria stands in contradiction with a violation of Bell inequalities. Hence, we propose that quantum physics should be analyzed with non-Nashian game theory, the inner workings of which we demonstrate using our proposed model.
description: Published in "Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations" on September 28, 2023. 14 pages
Probing the transversity spin structure of a nucleon in neutrino-production of a charmed meson
Creators: name: Pire, B.
name: Szymanowski, L.
name: Wagner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Including O(m_c) terms in the coefficient functions and/or O(m_D) twist 3 contributions in the heavy meson distribution amplitudes leads to a non-zero transverse amplitude for exclusive neutrino production of a D pseudoscalar charmed meson on an unpolarized target. We work in the framework of the collinear QCD approach where chiral-odd transversity generalized parton distributions (GPDs) factorize from perturbatively calculable coefficient functions.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, 6th international conference on Physics Opportunities at an Electron-Ion Collider, POETIC-6, September 7-11 2015, Ecole polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; v2 : eq.10 and Fig. 2 corrected
Plasma compression in magnetic reconnection regions in the solar corona
Creators: name: Provornikova, Elena
name: Laming, John Martin
name: Lukin, Vyacheslav S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed that particles bouncing between magnetized flows converging in a reconnection region can be accelerated by the first order Fermi mechanism. Analytical considerations of this mechanism have shown that the spectral index of accelerated particles is related to the total plasma compression within the reconnection region similarly to the case of diffusive shock acceleration mechanism. As a first step to investigate the efficiency of Fermi acceleration in reconnection regions in producing hard energy spectra of particles in the solar corona, we explore the degree of plasma compression that can be achieved at reconnection sites. In particular, we aim to determine the conditions for the strong compressions to form. Using a two-dimensional resistive MHD numerical model we consider a set of magnetic field configurations where magnetic reconnection can occur including a Harris current sheet, a force-free current sheet, and two merging flux ropes. Plasma parameters are taken to be characteristic of the solar corona. Numerical simulations show that strong plasma compressions ($\geq 4$) in the reconnection regions can form when the plasma heating due to reconnection is efficiently removed by fast thermal conduction or radiative cooling process. The radiative cooling process which is negligible in the typical 1 MK corona can play an important role in the low corona/transition region. It is found that plasma compression is expected to be strongest in low-beta plasma $β\sim 0.01-0.07$ at reconnection magnetic nulls.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, 36 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Band gap engineering of PtSe2
Creators: name: Huang, Zhishuo
name: Zhang, Wenxu
name: Zhang, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Besides its predicted promising high electron mobilities at room temperature, PtSe2 bandgap sensitively depends on the number of monolayers combined by van der Waals interaction according to our calculations. We understand this by using bandstructure calculations based on the density functional theory. It was found that the front orbitals of VBM and CBM are contributed mainly from pz and px+y orbitals of Se which are sensitive to the out-plane and in-plane lattice constants, respectively. The van der Waals force enhances the bonding out-of-plane, which in-turn influences the bonding in-plane. We found that the thickness dependent bandgap has the same origin as the strain dependent bandgap, which is from the change of the front orbital interactions. The work shows the flexibilities of tuning the electronic and optical properties of this compound in a wide range.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
Proposal for a Lorenz qubit
Creators: name: Geller, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear qubit master equations have recently been shown to exhibit rich dynamical phenomena such as period doubling, Hopf bifurcation, and strange attractors usually associated with classical nonlinear systems. Here we investigate nonlinear qubit models that support tunable Lorenz attractors. A Lorenz qubit could be realized experimentally by combining qubit torsion, generated by real or simulated mean field dynamics, with linear amplification and dissipation. This would extend engineered Lorenz systems to the quantum regime, allowing for their direct experimental study and possible application to quantum information processing.
Additional file 2 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews
Creators: name: Déry, Julien
name: Ouellet, Béatrice
name: de Guise, Élaine
name: Bussières, Ève-Line
name: Lamontagne, Marie-Eve
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Handlebody decompositions of 3-manifolds and polycontinuous patterns
Creators: name: Sakata, Naoki
name: Mishina, Ryosuke
name: Ogawa, Masaki
name: Ishihara, Kai
name: Koda, Yuya
name: Ozawa, Makoto
name: Shimokawa, Koya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57K30 (Primary) 57Z15 (Secondary)

description: We introduce the concept of a handlebody decomposition of a 3-manifold, a generalization of a Heegaard splitting, or a trisection. We show that two handlebody decompositions of a closed orientable 3-manifold are stably equivalent. As an application to materials science, we consider a mathematical model of polycontinuous patterns and discuss a topological study of microphase separation of a block copolymer melt.
description: 29 pages, 52 figures
On the Relation Between Asymptotic Charges, the Failure of Peeling and Late-time Tails
Creators: name: Gajic, Dejan
name: Kehrberger, Leonhard M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The last few years have seen considerable mathematical progress concerning the asymptotic structure of gravitational radiation in dynamical, astrophysical spacetimes. In this paper, we distil some of the key ideas from recent works and assemble them in a new way in order to make them more accessible to the wider general relativity community. We also announce some new physical findings in this process. First, we introduce the conserved $f(r)$-modified Newman--Penrose charges on asymptotically flat spacetimes, and we show that these charges provide a dictionary that relates asymptotics of massless, general spin fields in different regions: Asymptotic behaviour near $i^+$ ("late-time tails") can be read off from asymptotic behaviour towards $\mathcal I^+$, and, similarly, asymptotic behaviour towards $\mathcal I^+$ can be read off from asymptotic behaviour near $i^-$ or $\mathcal I^-$. Using this dictionary, we then explain how: (I) the quadrupole approximation for a system of $N$ infalling masses from $i^-$ causes the "peeling property towards $\mathcal I^+$" to be violated, and (II) this failure of peeling results in deviations from the usual predictions for tails in the late-time behaviour of gravitational radiation: Instead of the Price's law rate $rΨ^{[4]}|_{\mathcal I^+}\sim u^{-6}$ as $u\to\infty$, we predict that $rΨ^{[4]}|_{\mathcal I^+}\sim u^{-3}$, with the coefficient of this latter decay rate being a multiple of the monopole and quadrupole moments of the matter distribution in the infinite past.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures. v2: Typo in (2.9) fixed. Prediction for the decay rate of Psi_4 changed from u^{-4} to u^{-3}, further details given in section 6
Weak universality of dynamical $Φ^4_3$: non-Gaussian noise
Creators: name: Shen, Hao
name: Xu, Weijun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a class of continuous phase coexistence models in three spatial dimensions. The fluctuations are driven by symmetric stationary random fields with sufficient integrability and mixing conditions, but not necessarily Gaussian. We show that, in the weakly nonlinear regime, if the external potential is a symmetric polynomial and a certain average of it exhibits pitchfork bifurcation, then these models all rescale to $Φ^4_3$ near their critical point.
description: 37 pages; updated introduction and references
MPEC 2023-Q29 : 2023 QO
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 QO

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Verification of BOUT++ by the Method of Manufactured Solutions
Creators: name: Dudson, Ben
name: Madsen, Jens
name: Omotani, John
name: Hill, Peter
name: Easy, Luke
name: Løiten, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: BOUT++ is a software package designed for solving plasma fluid models. It has been used to simulate a wide range of plasma phenomena ranging from linear stability analysis to 3D plasma turbulence, and is capable of simulating a wide range of drift-reduced plasma fluid and gyro-fluid models. A verification exercise has been performed as part of a EUROfusion Enabling Research project, to rigorously test the correctness of the algorithms implemented in BOUT++, by testing order-of-accuracy convergence rates using the Method of Manufactured Solutions (MMS). We present tests of individual components including time-integration and advection schemes, non-orthogonal coordinate systems and the shifted metric procedure which is used to handle highly sheared grids. The Flux Coordinate Independent (FCI) approach to differencing along magnetic field-lines has been implemented in BOUT++, and is here verified using the MMS in a sheared slab configuration. Finally we show tests of three complete models: 2-field Hasegawa-Wakatani, 3-field reduced MHD in 3D toroidal coordinates, and 5-field reduced MHD in slab geometry.
Accreting neutron stars: heating of the upper layers of the inner crust
Creators: name: Shchechilin, Nikolay N.
name: Gusakov, Mikhail E.
name: Chugunov, Andrey I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries are thought to be heated up by accretion-induced exothermic nuclear reactions in the crust. The energy release and the location of the heating sources are important ingredients of the thermal evolution models. Here we present thermodynamically consistent calculations of the energy release in three zones of the stellar crust: at the outer-inner crust interface, in the upper layers of the inner crust (up to the density $ρ\leq 2\times 10^{12}$ g cm$^{-3}$), and in the underlying crustal layers. We consider three representative models of thermonuclear ashes (Superburst, Extreme rp, and Kepler ashes). The energy release in each zone is parametrized by the pressure at the outer-inner crust interface, which encodes all uncertainties related to the physics of the deepest inner-crust layers. Our calculations allow us, in particular, to set new lower limits on the net energy release (per accreted baryon): $Q\gtrsim0.28$ MeV for Extreme rp ashes and Q~0.43-0.51 MeV for Superburst and Kepler ashes.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; submitted to MNRAS:Letters
MobFuzz: Adaptive Multi-objective Optimization in Gray-box Fuzzing
Creators: name: Zhang, Gen
name: Wang, Pengfei
name: Yue, Tai
name: Kong, Xiangdong
name: Huang, Shan
name: Zhou, Xu
name: Lu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Coverage-guided gray-box fuzzing (CGF) is an efficient software testing technique. There are usually multiple objectives to optimize in CGF. However, existing CGF methods cannot successfully find the optimal values for multiple objectives simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a gray-box fuzzer for multi-objective optimization (MOO) called MobFuzz. We model the multi-objective optimization process as a multi-player multi-armed bandit (MPMAB). First, it adaptively selects the objective combination that contains the most appropriate objectives for the current situation. Second, our model deals with the power schedule, which adaptively allocates energy to the seeds under the chosen objective combination. In MobFuzz, we propose an evolutionary algorithm called NIC to optimize our chosen objectives simultaneously without incurring additional performance overhead. To prove the effectiveness of MobFuzz, we conduct experiments on 12 real-world programs and the MAGMA data set. Experiment results show that multi-objective optimization in MobFuzz outperforms single-objective fuzzing in the baseline fuzzers. In contrast to them, MobFuzz can select the optimal objective combination and increase the values of multiple objectives up to 107%, with at most a 55% reduction in the energy consumption. Moreover, MobFuzz has up to 6% more program coverage and finds 3x more unique bugs than the baseline fuzzers. The NIC algorithm has at least a 2x improvement with a performance overhead of approximately 3%.
Differential geometric mechanisms in Ostrohrads'kyj relativistic spherical top dynamics
Creators: name: Matsyuk, R. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53B50, 49S05, 49N45, 70G65, 70H50, 83A05, 70E99

description: Some intrinsic tools from the formal theory of variational equations are being demonstrated at work in application to one concrete example of the third-order evolution equation of free relativistic top in three-dimensional space-time. The main goal is to introduce a combined approach consisting in the simultaneous utilization of symmetry principles along with the inverse variational problem considerations in terms of vector-valued differential forms. Next, some simple algorithm of transition between the autonomous variational problem and the variational problem in parametric form is established. The example definitely solved shows no-existence of a globally and intrinsically defined Lagrangian for the Poincaré-invariant and well defined unique variational equation in the case in hand. Hamiltonian counterpart is briefly discussed in terms of Poisson bracket. The model appears to provide a generalized canonical description of the quasi-classical spinning particle governed by the Mathisson-Papapetrou equations in flat space-time.
description: Typos corrected. Considerations of Section 5 have been elaborated in more detailes
Flow-based density of states for complex actions
Creators: name: Pawlowski, Jan M.
name: Urban, Julian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Emerging sampling algorithms based on normalizing flows have the potential to solve ergodicity problems in lattice calculations. Furthermore, it has been noted that flows can be used to compute thermodynamic quantities which are difficult to access with traditional methods. This suggests that they are also applicable to the density-of-states approach to complex action problems. In particular, flow-based sampling may be used to compute the density directly, in contradistinction to the conventional strategy of reconstructing it via measuring and integrating the derivative of its logarithm. By circumventing this procedure, the accumulation of errors from the numerical integration is avoided completely and the overall normalization factor can be determined explicitly. In this proof-of-principle study, we demonstrate our method in the context of two-component scalar field theory where the $O(2)$ symmetry is explicitly broken by an imaginary external field. First, we concentrate on the zero-dimensional case which can be solved exactly. We show that with our method, the Lee-Yang zeroes of the associated partition function can be successfully located. Subsequently, we confirm that the flow-based approach correctly reproduces the density computed with conventional methods in one- and two-dimensional models.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Deuteron Stripping on Nuclei at Intermediate Energies
Creators: name: Kovalchuk, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general analytical expression for the double differential cross section of inclusive deuteron stripping reaction on nuclei at intermediate energies of incident particles was obtained in the diffraction approximation. Nucleon-nucleus phases were calculated in the framework of Glauber formalism and making use of the double-folding potential. The exact wave function of deuteron with correct asymptotics at short and long distances between nucleons was used. The calculated angular dependencies of cross sections are in good agreement with corresponding experimental data.
INSTILLER: Towards Efficient and Realistic RTL Fuzzing
Creators: name: Zhang, Gen
name: Wang, Pengfei
name: Yue, Tai
name: Liu, Danjun
name: Guo, Yubei
name: Lu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bugs exist in hardware, such as CPU. Unlike software bugs, these hardware bugs need to be detected before deployment. Previous fuzzing work in CPU bug detection has several disadvantages, e.g., the length of RTL input instructions keeps growing, and longer inputs are ineffective for fuzzing. In this paper, we propose INSTILLER (Instruction Distiller), an RTL fuzzer based on ant colony optimization (ACO). First, to keep the input instruction length short and efficient in fuzzing, it distills input instructions with a variant of ACO (VACO). Next, related work cannot simulate realistic interruptions well in fuzzing, and INSTILLER solves the problem of inserting interruptions and exceptions in generating the inputs. Third, to further improve the fuzzing performance of INSTILLER, we propose hardware-based seed selection and mutation strategies. We implement a prototype and conduct extensive experiments against state-of-the-art fuzzing work in real-world target CPU cores. In experiments, INSTILLER has 29.4% more coverage than DiFuzzRTL. In addition, 17.0% more mismatches are detected by INSTILLER. With the VACO algorithm, INSTILLER generates 79.3% shorter input instructions than DiFuzzRTL, demonstrating its effectiveness in distilling the input instructions. In addition, the distillation leads to a 6.7% increase in execution speed on average.
Additional file 4 of Prognostic factors for persistent symptoms in adults with mild traumatic brain injury: an overview of systematic reviews
Creators: name: Déry, Julien
name: Ouellet, Béatrice
name: de Guise, Élaine
name: Bussières, Ève-Line
name: Lamontagne, Marie-Eve
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 4.
Freely jointed chain models with extensible links
Creators: name: Buche, Michael R.
name: Silberstein, Meredith N.
name: Grutzik, Scott J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytical relations for the mechanical response of single polymer chains are valuable for modeling purposes, on both the molecular and the continuum scale. These relations can be obtained using statistical thermodynamics and an idealized single-chain model, such as the freely jointed chain model. To include bond stretching, the rigid links in the freely jointed chain model can be made extensible, but this almost always renders the model analytically intractable. Here, an asymptotically correct statistical thermodynamic theory is used to develop analytic approximations for the single-chain mechanical response of this model. The accuracy of these approximations is demonstrated using several link potential energy functions. This approach can be applied to other single-chain models, and to molecular stretching in general.
The distance and luminosity probability distributions derived from parallax and flux with their measurement errors with application to the millisecond pulsar PSR J0218+4232
Creators: name: Igoshev, A. P.
name: Verbunt, F.
name: Cator, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a Bayesian approach to derive the distance probability distribution for one object from its parallax with measurement uncertainty for two spatial distribution priors, viz. a homogeneous spherical distribution and a galactocentric distribution - applicable for radio pulsars - observed from Earth. We investigate the dependence on measurement uncertainty, and show that a parallax measurement can underestimate or overestimate the actual distance, depending on the spatial distribution prior. We derive the probability distributions for distance and luminosity combined, and for each separately, when a flux with measurement error for the object is also available, and demonstrate the necessity of and dependence on the luminosity function prior. We apply this to estimate the distance and the radio and gamma-ray luminosities of PSR J0218+4232. The use of realistic priors improves the quality of the estimates for distance and luminosity, compared to those based on measurement only. Use of a wrong prior, for example a homogeneous spatial distribution without upper bound, may lead to very wrong results.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted 27-04-2016 to Astronomy and Astrophysics
Chiral symmetry restoration at high matter density observed in pionic atoms
Creators: name: Nishi, Takahiro
name: Itahashi, Kenta
name: Ahn, DeukSoon
name: Berg, Georg P. A.
name: Dozono, Masanori
name: Etoh, Daijiro
name: Fujioka, Hiroyuki
name: Fukuda, Naoki
name: Fukunishi, Nobuhisa
name: Geissel, Hans
name: Haettner, Emma
name: Hashimoto, Tadashi
name: Hayano, Ryugo S.
name: Hirenzaki, Satoru
name: Horii, Hiroshi
name: Ikeno, Natsumi
name: Inabe, Naoto
name: Iwasaki, Masahiko
name: Kameda, Daisuke
name: Kisamori, Keichi
name: Kiyokawa, Yu
name: Kubo, Toshiyuki
name: Kusaka, Kensuke
name: Matsushita, Masafumi
name: Michimasa, Shin'ichiro
name: Mishima, Go
name: Miya, Hiroyuki
name: Murai, Daichi
name: Nagahiro, Hideko
name: Niikura, Megumi
name: Nose-Togawa, Naoko
name: Ota, Shinsuke
name: Sakamoto, Naruhiko
name: Sekiguchi, Kimiko
name: Shiokawa, Yuta
name: Suzuki, Hiroshi
name: Suzuki, Ken
name: Takaki, Motonobu
name: Takeda, Hiroyuki
name: Tanaka, Yoshiki K.
name: Uesaka, Tomohiro
name: Wada, Yasumori
name: Watanabe, Atomu
name: Watanabe, Yuni N.
name: Weick, Helmut
name: Yamakami, Hiroki
name: Yanagisawa, Yoshiyuki
name: Yoshida, Koichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern theories of physics tell that the vacuum is not an empty space. Hidden in the vacuum is a structure of anti-quarks $\bar{q}$ and quarks $q$. The $\bar{q}$ and $q$ pair has the same quantum number as the vacuum and condensates in it since the strong interaction of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is too strong to leave it empty. The $\bar{q}q$ condensation breaks the chiral symmetry of the vacuum. The expectation value $<\bar{q}q>$ is an order parameter. For higher temperature or higher matter-density, $|<\bar{q}q>|$ decreases reflecting the restoration of the symmetry. In contrast to these clear-cut arguments, experimental evidence is so far limited. First of all, the $\bar{q}q$ is nothing but the vacuum itself. It is neither visible nor perceptible. In this article, we unravel this invisible existence by high precision measurement of pionic atoms, $π^-$-meson-nucleus bound systems. Using the $π^-$ as a probe, we demonstrate that $|<\bar{q}q>|$ is reduced in the nucleus at 58% of the normal nuclear density by a factor of 77 $\pm$ 2% compared with that in the vacuum. This reduction indicates that the chiral symmetry is partially restored due to the extremely high density of the nucleus. The present experimental result clearly exhibits the existence of the hidden structure, the chiral condensate, in the vacuum.
Multiple perturbations of a singular eigenvalue problem
Creators: name: Cencelj, Matija
name: Repovš, Dušan
name: Virk, Žiga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B33, 35B38, 35P30, 47J10, 58E05

description: We study the perturbation by a critical term and a $(p-1)$-superlinear subcritical nonlinearity of a quasilinear elliptic equation containing a singular potential. By means of variational arguments and a version of the concentration-compactness principle in the singular case, we prove the existence of solutions for positive values of the parameter under the principal eigenvalue of the associated singular eigenvalue problem.
Three-state nematicity and magneto-optical Kerr effect in the charge density waves in kagome superconductors
Creators: name: Xu, Yishuai
name: Ni, Zhuoliang
name: Liu, Yizhou
name: Ortiz, Brenden R.
name: Deng, Qinwen
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Balents, Leon
name: Wu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kagome lattice provides a fascinating playground to study geometrical frustration, topology and strong correlations. The newly-discovered kagome metals AV$_3$Sb$_5$ (where A can refer to K, Rb, or Cs) exhibit phenomena including topological band structure, symmetry-breaking charge-density waves and superconductivity. Nevertheless, the nature of the symmetry breaking in the charge-density wave phase is not yet clear, despite the fact that it is crucial in order to understand whether the superconductivity is unconventional. In this work, we perform scanning birefringence microscopy on all three members of this family and find that six-fold rotation symmetry is broken at the onset of the charge-density wave transition in all these compounds. We show that the three nematic domains are oriented at 120$^\circ$ to each other and propose that staggered charge-density wave orders with a relative $π$ phase shift between layers is a possibility that can explain these observations. We also perform magneto-optical Kerr effect and circular dichroism measurements. The onset of both signals is at the transition temperature, indicating broken time-reversal symmetry and the existence of the long-sought loop currents in that phase.
description: Accepted version to Nature Physics
To Cloud or not to Cloud: A Qualitative Study on Self-Hosters’ Motivation, Operation, and Security Mindset
Creators: name: Gröber, Lea
name: Mrowczynski, Rafael
name: Vijay, Nimisha
name: Muller, Daphne A.
name: Dabrowski, Adrian
name: Krombholz, Katharina
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2024

description: Despite readily available cloud services, some people decide to self-host internal or external services for themselves or their organization. In doing so, a broad spectrum of commercial, institutional, and private self-hosters take responsibility for their data, security, and reliability of their operations.
Currently, little is known about what motivates these self- hosters, how they operate and secure their services, and which challenges they face. To improve the understanding of self-hosters’ security mindsets and practices, we conducted a largescale survey (NS=994) with users of a popular self-hosting suite and in-depth follow-up interviews with selected commercial, non-profit, and private users (NI =41).
We found exemplary behavior in all user groups; however, we also found a significant part of self-hosters who approach security in an unstructured way, regardless of social or organizational embeddedness. Vague catch-all concepts such as firewalls and backups dominate the landscape, without proper reflection on the threats they help mitigate. At times, self-hosters engage in creative tactics to compensate for a potential lack of expertise or experience.
Acoustic Screens based on Sonic Crystals with high Diffusion properties
Creators: name: Peiró-Torres, M. P.
name: Navarro, M. J. Parrilla
name: Ferri, M.
name: Bravo, J. M.
name: Sánchez-Pérez, J. V.
name: Redondo, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents the use of advanced tools applied to the design of devices that can solve specific acoustic problems, improving the already existing devices based on classic technologies. Specifically, we have used two different configurations of a material called Sonic Crystals, which is formed by arrays of acoustic scatterers, to obtain acoustic screens with high diffusion properties by means of an optimization process. This design procedure has been carried out using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm along to an acoustic simulation model developed with the numerical method called Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). The results obtained are discussed in terms of both the acoustic performance and the robustness of the devices achieved.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures