Rhinolophus guineensis Eisentraut 1960
Creators: name: Burgin, Connor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinolophidae
Rhinolophus
Rhinolophus guineensis

description: 5. Guinean Horseshoe <b>Bat</b> <i>Rhinolophus guineensis</i> French: <i>Rhinolophe</i> de <i>Guinée I</i> <b>German:</b> Guinea-Hufeisennase / <b>Spanish:</b> Herradura <i>de Guinea</i> <b> Other <i>common</i> names:</b> Senegal <i>Horseshoe</i> Bat Taxonomy. <i>Rhinolophus landeri guineensis</i> <i>Eisentraut</i>, 1960, near Tahiré, base of Kelesi Plateau, 500 m, Guinea. <i>Rhinolophus guineensis</i> is in the <i>landeri</i> <i>species</i> group based on morphological data, although genetic data are needed to confirm this placement. It was originally described as a subspecies of <i>R landeri</i> but is <i>now</i> recognized as a distinct species. Monotypic. <b>Distribution.</b> Known from scattered records in S Senegal (Niokolo-Koba National Park and <i>Diattacounda</i>), SW &amp; SE Guinea (near Kindia, Simandou Range, and <b>Mt</b> Nimba), C Sierra Leone, N Liberia (including Liberian Mt Nimba), and E <i>Ivory</i> Coast; it is potentially present in Gambia in patches of relict forest. Descriptive <b>notes.</b> Head-body c. 49-57 mm, tail 23-30 mm, ear 17-22 mm, hindfoot 8-10 mm, forearm 44-50 mm; <i>weight</i> 8-11 g. The Guinean Horseshoe Bat is similar to Lander’s Horseshoe Bat (<i>AE</i>. <i>landeri),</i> but is larger in craniodental dimensions with wider horseshoe. Pelage is variable, with dorsum varying from brown to grayish brown, orangish brown, or pale reddish brown (individual hairs with darker tips than bases); venter is always slightly paler. Axillary tufts of males are generally white, but there is one case in which they were reddish brown. Ears are comparatively short (38—47% of forearm length) and have 11—12 internal folds. Noseleaf has hastate lancet; connecting process is subtriangular, with pointed tip; sella is naked and parallel-sided; horseshoe is narrow at 8-3-9- 3 mm; there are no lateral leaflets; and median emargination is present. Lower lip has one groove. <i>Wings</i> and uropatagium are dark gray, and first phalanx <i>of</i> fourth finger is <i>relatively</i> short. Skull is medium built; zygomatic arches are <i>moderately</i> broad; zygomatic width is slightly larger than mastoid width; palatal bridge is 26-31% of C <b>1-</b> M <b>3</b> length; P2 is comparatively large and is in tooth row, being <i>slightly</i> displaced labially; C1 and P4 are well separated; P3 is very small to virtually vestigial and is fully displaced labially; and <i>P</i> 2 and P4 are in contact. Habitat. Primarily highland regions with submontane to montane forests in Guinea, Liberia, and Ivory Coast and, to a lesser extent, lowland rainforest and forest savanna mosaic habitats in Senegal and Guinea. In Makeni, Sierra Leone, Guinean Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in disturbed areas with small patches of relict forest. They are generally found at higher elevations and have been recorded at elevations of 1400 m and above. On Guinean and Liberian Mt Nimba, they have been recorded <b>in</b> montane grasslands at 900-1600 m, where they are considerably common during dry seasons. <b>Food and</b> Feeding. No information. Breeding. Single embryos in Guinean Horseshoe Bats have been recorded in December in the Simandou Range, Guinea, and March near Kindia, Guinea. <b>Activity patterns.</b> Guinean Horseshoe Bats are nocturnal. Two torpid individuals were captured on <i>Mount</i> Nimba, Guinea. <i>They</i> have been recorded roosting in caves throughout their distribution, although two individuals were found in hollow trees in Senegal. They have also been recorded roosting in mines. Call shape is FM/CF/ <b>FM</b>, with F <i>component</i> of 85 kHz in Guinea, which is significantly lower than in Lander’s Horseshoe Bat. <b>Movements, Home range and Social organization.</b> Roosts of the Guinean Horseshoe Bat are often shared with other species of <i>Rhinolophus, Lissonycteris, Nycteris,</i> and <i>Hipposideros.</i> <b>Status and Conservation.</b> Classified as Vulnerable on <i>The IUCNed List.</i> The Guinean Horseshoe Bat has a constrained area of occupancy (probably less than 2000 km 2), <i>severely</i> fragmented distribution, and continuous decline in extent and quality of its forest and cave habitats. Major threats include deforestation resulting from logging operations, conversion of land to agricultural use, and mining activities. There is also limited threat of overhunting for bushmeat. <b>Bibliography.</b> ACR (2018), Böhme &amp; Hutterer (1978), Csorba <i>et al.</i> (2003), Decher et al. (2016), Denys et <i>al.</i> (2013), Eisentraut (1960b), ahr (2008d, 2013d), ahr &amp; <i>Ebigbo</i> (2003), Grubb et al. (1998), Konstantinov et <i>al.</i> (2000), <i>Monadjem</i>, Richards &amp; Denys (2016), <i>Rosevear</i> (1965), Taylor, Macdonald <i>et al.</i> (2018), Weber &amp; ahr (2007b).
description: Published as part of <i>Burgin, Connor, 2019, Rhinolophidae, pp. 280-332 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions</i> on pages 282-283, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3748525