Milanion (Milanion) laricus Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Milanion
Milanion laricus

description: Milanion (Milanion) laricus Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 5BD7C016-6141-4D71-BAAB-DD8F18887811  
(Fig. 2 part, 45–46, 258–259)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Several specimens from Ecuador identified as Milanion alaricus (Plötz, 1884) (type locality in Brazil: Bahia) were not closely related to the syntype of M. alaricus (Fig. 2) and formed a clade distinct from all other species of the genus. Therefore, they represent a new species. This new species keys (incompletely) to M. alaricus (E.46.6) in Evans (1953) and differs from its relatives by a vestigial (or lacking) white spot in forewing cell CuA 2 -1A+2A, spot at the base of cell M 3 -CuA 1 is larger, more triangular than rounded (as in M. alaricus) with its distal part protruding distad of the spot in the cell CuA 1 -CuA 2, ventral hindwing area by costa in basal two-thirds is not white, but is pale-brown, not the same dark color as the brown marginal wide border. This species is not cryptic and is diagnosed reliably by phenotype. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly1313.22.1:G201A, aly923.23.1:T1497C, aly15192.3.7:G100A, aly 1405.11.14:C72T, aly 2095.5.1:C135T, and COI barcode: T133A, T301C, A577G, A592G, A628T.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-18018H07, GenBank OR837642, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGATTAGTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAAACCCAGGATCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCACATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGTGGATTTGGAAATT GATTAGTACCATTAATATTAGGAGCCCCAGATATAGCTTTCCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGATTATTACCCCCATCTCTTATATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGCATTGTGGAAAATGGTGCAGGAACTGGATGAACAGTTTATCCCCCCCTTTCAGCCAATATTGCCCACCAAGGTTCATCAGTAGATTTA GCAATCTTTTCTTTACATTTAGCTGGAATTTCTTCAATTCTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATCACCACTATTATTAACATACGAGTAAATAACTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCATTATTTGTATGAGCAGTAGGAATTACTGCACTACTTTTATTGTTATCTTTACCTGTATTAGCGGGTGCTATTACTATGTTATT AACTGATCGGAATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTGACCCAGCAGGAGGTGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATCTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 45–46, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [ECUADOR: Napo Pr. | Jatun Sacha Biol St. | 1° 4.0′S 77° 37.0′W | 13 Nov. 1992. 450m. | S. S. Nicolay, leg.], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-18018H07 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01450999], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Milanion | laricus Grishin]. Paratypes: 3♂♂ from Ecuador: 1♂ NVG-18018H08, USNMENT_01465135 the same data as the holotype but collected on 7-Nov-1992; 1♂ NVG-15094B03, Napo, Yasuni Research Station, Rios Tivacuno and Tiputini, 250 m, GPS −0.633, −76.600, 22-Oct-1998, J. D. Turner leg. [MGCL]; 1♂ NVG-18018H06, USNMENT_01450998 Sucumbios, Cerro Lumbaqui Norte, 800-950 m, GPS 0.028333, −77.320333, 18-22-Aug-2002, J. P. W. Hall and M. A. Solis leg. [USNM].   
 Type locality. Ecuador: Napo Province, Jatun Sacha Biological Reserve, elevation 450 m, GPS −1.0667, −77.6167.   
 Etymology. The name alaricus is derived from Alarīks (king of all) with the prefix “alla-” (all, everybody, entire) suggests a kingly, royal, or noble identity. Laricus (i.e., not alaricus) is a noun in apposition and a shorter name for this more northern species.   
 Distribution. Known only from northeastern Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on pages 22-23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362