cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observation and catalytic promiscuity of retaining glycosidase intermediates
Creators: name: Zechel, David Louis
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is divided into two parts. The first addresses basic issues of retaining glycosidase mechanism. This includes the use of a new technique, time-resolved electrospray mass spectrometry, to directly monitor changes in the mass of Bacillus circulans |3-xylanase during its catalytic cycle. This enabled the pre-steady state kinetic parameters for the reaction it catalyses to be determined, which were in turn validated by traditional stopped-flow spectrophotometry. This study is followed by the characterization of the Cellulomonas fimi P-mannosidase (Man2A) by site-directed mutagenesis, pH-rate dependencies, Br0nsted relationships and kinetic isotope effects. The contribution of the substrate 2-hydroxyl to catalysis in Man2A is also evaluated. The second part of this thesis descibes the development of 'glycosynthases' from nucleophile mutants of Man2A, Agrobacterium sp. β-glucosidase (Abg) and Streptomyces lividans endoglucanase (CelB). When provided with a-glycosyl fluoride donors and glycoside acceptors these mutant glycosidases synthesize glycosidic bonds. In all three cases higher glycosylation activity is observed with serine nucleophile mutants than with the corresponding alanine mutants. This is ascribed to stabilization of the departing fluoride in the glycosylation transition state by the serine hydroxyl group, most likely through a hydrogen bond. Glycosidic bond cleaving activity can be restored to these nucleophile mutants by providing a small exogenous anion such as azide or formate. In addition to recovering bond cleaving activity with azide and formate, Abg and Man2A nucleophile mutants are also rescued by halides, including fluoride. This is an exceedingly rare form of enzymatic catalysis, as well as a dramatic example of how a variety of chemistries, or catalytic promiscuity, can develop from a single enzyme active site.
The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey ZYJHK Photometric System: Passbands and Synthetic Colours
Creators: name: Hewett, Paul C.
name: Warren, Stephen J.
name: Leggett, Sandy K.
name: Hodgkin, Simon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey is a set of five surveys of complementary combinations of area, depth, and Galactic latitude, which began in 2005 May. The surveys use the UKIRT Wide Field Camera (WFCAM), which has a solid angle of 0.21deg^2. Here we introduce and characterise the ZYJHK photometric system of the camera, which covers the wavelength range 0.83-2.37 microns. We synthesise response functions for the five passbands, and compute colours in the WFCAM, SDSS and 2MASS bands, for brown dwarfs, stars, galaxies and quasars of different types. We provide a recipe for others to compute colours from their own spectra. Calculations are presented in the Vega system, and the computed offsets to the AB system are provided, as well as colour equations between WFCAM filters and the SDSS and 2MASS passbands. We highlight the opportunities presented by the new Y filter at 0.97-1.07 microns for surveys for hypothetical Y dwarfs (brown dwarfs cooler than T), and for quasars of very--high redshift, z>6.4.
description: Monthly Notices, in press. Paper and file containing ASCII-format tables for download available at http://www.ukidss.org/technical/photom/photom.html
Endogenous adjusted Output Quotas - The Abolishment of the Raw Milk Quota in the European Union
Creators: name: Lips, Markus
name: Rieder, Peter
name: Lips, Markus
name: Rieder, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: general equilibrium model
subject: GTAP
subject: output quota
subject: raw milk production
subject: sensitivity analysis

description: This paper discusses an approach to implement output quotas in the GTAP model which permits an endogenous adjustment of both the supplied quantity and the quota rent. Since the quota rent is interpreted as additional earnings of the factors used no change of the worldwide GTAP data base is required. Several modifications of the GTAP model and two exogenous coefficients are necessary. Considering uncertain values of one of the coefficients, systematic sensitivity analysis is applied. The abolishment of the raw milk quota in the European Union would lead to a remarkable decrease in raw milk prices in most member countries. The raw milk production increases in Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg and the Netherlands while it declines in Greece and Portugal. In the other member countries the raw milk production changes slightly.
Distributional Impacts of CAP Adoption on Romanian Households
Creators: name: Firici, M. Carmen
name: Thomson, Kenneth J.
name: Firici, M. Carmen
name: Thomson, Kenneth J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: distributional economic effects
subject: CAP
subject: Slutsky approximation
subject: Compensating Variation
subject: Romania

description: This paper focuses on estimation of distributional economic welfare effects of the adoption of the CAP on different groups of Romanian households. The calculations of welfare effects are based on 1999 household data and refer to a 10-fold breakdown of Romanian households, i.e. five socio-economic categories from urban and rural areas, taking into account own (home) production of food. To identify the most vulnerable groups of Romanian consumers to food price changes, the Slutsky approximation Compensating Variation approach is applied. The results suggest that, if the current CAP is adopted and results in food price changes averaging a 10 per cent increase in all food prices, the lowest-income groups (i.e. urban and rural unemployed households, urban pensioner households) will be the most affected, ceteris paribus (prices of all other goods held constant). The minimum amount by which the groups could be compensated for the effect of price change on their real incomes varies between Euro 3 per month for employers' households (about 1% of total income) and about Euro 8 per month for farmers' households (6%). However, due to the relatively large shares of food self-production in total consumption, in particular by rural households, somewhat smaller money compensation would be appropriate.
Coherent transport in homojunction between excitonic insulator and semimetal
Creators: name: Rontani, Massimo
name: Sham, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the solution of a two-band model, we predict that the thermal and electrical transport across the junction of a semimetal and an excitonic insulator will exhibit high resistance behavior and low entropy production at low temperatures, distinct from a junction of a semimetal and a normal semiconductor. This phenomenon, ascribed to the dissipationless exciton flow which dominates over the charge transport, is based on the much longer length scale of the change of the effective interface potential for electron scattering due to the coherence of the condensate than in the normal state.
description: RevTeX 4.0, 13 pages, 5 b/w figures, 1 colour figure, 1 table. Version modified with respect to the original, which will appear in Physical Review Letters. This version includes the supplementary (EPAPS) material as an Appendix, and it is slightly longer than the accepted version (more text and references)
Decentralized Rural Development Policies: Does it Make Sense? The Example of Diversification in Flanders
Creators: name: Vandermeulen, Valerie
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
name: Vandermeulen, Valerie
name: Van Huylenbroeck, Guido
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: On-farm diversification
subject: local policy
subject: decentralisation
subject: farm location
subject: farm strategy

description: Changes in consumer preferences and demands, the process of globalisation, etc. together with the pressure of the United States to continue liberalisation of the farm sector in Europe, have caused the European Union to adapt its policy. There has been a shift in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) towards a more decentralised approach. In this paper, it is analysed if this approach is justified for rural development, by describing the case of on-farm diversification in Flanders. Using survey results, it is tested if the decision to do on-farm diversification depends not only on farm and farmer characteristics (e.g. age and gender of the farmer, his or her education, having a successor, arable surface, farm type and financial situation) but also on the location of the farm. By including a location variable in the regression, the explanatory power improves and the influence of some variables changes. This suggests that location is important when trying to alter the decision of a farmer to do on-farm diversification. Therefore policy should be decentralised to a level where location differences can be dealt with. This decentralisation is to a certain extent already taken up in the Rural Development Policy in Flanders where location specificities are taken into account for when on-farm diversification in different zones is stimulated. The results support the idea of strengthening bottom-up policies as proposed in the new Rural Development Policy 2007-2013 of the EU and this not only for on-farm diversification, but for all parts of rural development.
22. Hypervelocity stars
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Hypervelocity stars are a rare and exotic type of star, racing through our Galaxy with velocities of 500–1000 km per second or more. How did they acquire these enormous speeds, how and where were they formed, where are they going, and what can they tell us about the structure and origin of our Galaxy? Gaia has all the answers!
Polarizing the Medium: Fermion-Mediated Interactions between Bosons
Creators: name: Zheng, Dong-Chen
name: Wen, Lin
name: Ye, Chun-Rong
name: Liao, Renyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a homogeneous mixture of bosons and polarized fermions. We find that long-range and attractive fermion-mediated interactions between bosons have dramatic effects on the properties of the bosons. We construct the phase diagram spanned by boson-fermion mass ratio and boson-fermion scattering parameter. It consists of stable region of mixing and unstable region toward phase separation. In stable mixing phase, the collective long-wavelength excitations can either be well-behaved with infinite lifetime or be finite in lifetime suffered from the Landau damping. We examine the effects of the induced interaction on the properties of weakly interacting bosons. It turns out that the induced interaction not only enhances the repulsion between the bosons against collapse but also enhances the stability of the superfluid state by suppressing quantum depletion.
description: 7 pages, 5 figs
Christopherus-Verlag Herder (Hrsg.), Schallplatten: Christen suchen eine Kirche (J.P. Michael), Daß alle eins seien (Johannes Fischer), Die Kirche und die Einheit der Christen (Kardinal bea)
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 3 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 3
Reconciling Value Conflicts in Regional Forest Planning in Australia: A Decision Theoretic Approach
Creators: name: Ananda, Jayanath
name: Herath, Gamini
name: Ananda, Jayanath
name: Herath, Gamini
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Regional Forest Agreement (RFA) programme introduced in the 1990s, in Australia to protect environmental values, encourage job creation and growth and manage forests in an ecologically sustainable manner. Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques were used in this study to assess their potential for examining the RFA policy. The empirical study of the North East Victoria RFA using MCDA attempted to explore the potential of these techniques. The results indicate that the old-growth forest is the most valued attribute and timber production appeared important. The most preferred forest land management option was option A with a high level of conservation and low level of native timber extraction which differed from the government option for North East Victoria. This observation highlights the fact that non-incorporation of stakeholder preferences into public decision making in forest management can lead to decisions not acceptable to a majority of stakeholders. The three methods namely AHP, MAVT and MAUT provide similar ranking of options. despite the different theoretical bases of the three MCDA techniques. The major implication of this research is that better forest management policies can be developed if we can incorporate stakeholder preferences explicitly.
Jet Quenching: the medium modification of the single and double fragmentation functions
Creators: name: Majumder, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics of the quenching of hard jets in dense matter is briefly reviewed. This is presented within the framework of the partonic medium modification of the fragmentation functions. Modifications in both deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) off large nuclei and high-energy heavy-ion collisions are presented.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the First Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, Oct 24-26, 2004
Economic Incentives for Entry and Exit in Gum Arabic Agroforestry System in Sudan
Creators: name: Rahim, Afaf H.
name: Van Ierland, Ekko C.
name: Wesseler, Justus
name: Rahim, Afaf H.
name: Van Ierland, Ekko C.
name: Wesseler, Justus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: gum arabic
subject: deforestation
subject: entry and exit
subject: real options
subject: Sudan

description: The gum tree (Acacia senegal) in the Sahel-Sudan zone has many environmental benign functions. An important function is to control desertification. In this paper we analyze farmers' economic incentives to preserve the existing gum trees and their incentives to create new plantations using a real options approach. Results indicate that agricultural crops provide higher economic benefits as compared to gum agroforestry system. However, on the one hand, as gum arabic is produced during the dry period and land is abundant, there are low incentives for deforestation. Instead, farmers' tend to leave the land idle and let the tree growing. On the other hand, our results suggest that an increase in the prices of gum arabic of about 330 per cent is needed to induce entry and a shift in land use system from continuous agricultural production to gum agroforestry system.
Uniqueness for unbounded solutions to stationary viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equations
Creators: name: Barles, Guy
name: Porretta, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60, 35R05, 35Dxx

description: We consider a class of stationary viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equations as $$ \left\{\begin{array}{l} \la u-{\rm div}(A(x) \nabla u)=H(x,\nabla u)\mbox{in }Ω, u=0{on}\partialΩ\end{array} \right. $$ where $\la\geq 0$, $A(x)$ is a bounded and uniformly elliptic matrix and $H(x,ξ)$ is convex in $ξ$ and grows at most like $|ξ|^q+f(x)$, with $1 < q < 2$ and $f \in \elle {\frac N{q'}}$. Under such growth conditions solutions are in general unbounded, and there is not uniqueness of usual weak solutions. We prove that uniqueness holds in the restricted class of solutions satisfying a suitable energy--type estimate, i.e. $(1+|u|)^{\bar q-1} u\in \acca$, for a certain (optimal) exponent $\bar q$. This completes the recent results in \cite{GMP}, where the existence of at least one solution in this class has been proved.
The MAVERIC Survey: Chandra/ACIS Catalog of Faint X-ray sources in 38 Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: Bahramian, Arash
name: Strader, Jay
name: Miller-Jones, James C. A.
name: Chomiuk, Laura
name: Heinke, Craig O.
name: Maccarone, Thomas J.
name: Pooley, David
name: Shishkovsky, Laura
name: Tudor, Vlad
name: Zhao, Yue
name: Li, Kwan Lok
name: Sivakoff, Gregory R.
name: Tremou, Evangelia
name: Buchner, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters host a variety of lower-luminosity ($L_X<10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$) X-ray sources, including accreting neutron stars and black holes, millisecond pulsars, cataclysmic variables, and chromospherically active binaries. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive catalog of more than 1100 X-ray sources in 38 Galactic globular clusters observed by the Chandra X-ray Observatory's ACIS detector. The targets are selected to complement the MAVERIC survey's deep radio continuum maps of Galactic globular clusters. We perform photometry and spectral analysis for each source, determine a best-fit model, and assess the possibility of it being a foreground/background source based on its spectral properties and location in the cluster. We also provide basic assessments of variability. We discuss the distribution of X-ray binaries in globular clusters, their X-ray luminosity function, and carefully analyze systems with $L_X > 10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$. Among these moderately bright systems, we discover a new source in NGC 6539 that may be a candidate accreting stellar-mass black hole or a transitional millisecond pulsar. We show that quiescent neutron star LMXBs in globular clusters may spend ~2% of their lifetimes as transitional millisecond pulsars in their active ($L_X>10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$) state. Finally, we identify a substantial under-abundance of bright ($L_X>10^{33}$ erg s$^{-1}$) intermediate polars in globular clusters compared to the Galactic field, in contrast with the literature of the past two decades.
description: 35 pages, 14 figures, ApJ, in press. The complete catalog is available in a machine-readable format via "Other formats" (source)
Use of simulation in night shift nursing to improve critical thinking and self-confidence
Creators: name: Chan, Dorothy
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Purpose of Project: Continuing education for nurses is imperative to maintaining a current knowledge and skill base, in addition to the self-assurance to function in complex clinical environments. This is particularly challenging for nurses regularly working the night shift, due to their limited resources and scheduling of the educational programming. Simulation-based learning offers a unique opportunity to fill this gap, providing both access to information and training to foster education and moral. Supported by research and endorsed by the National Academy of Medicine (formerly known as the Institute of Medicine), the National League for Nursing, and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (Hayden et al., 2014), simulation provides a safe, engaging, and active learning experience for the participants. The objective of this project was to implement simulation as a learning modality for night shift nurses and evaluate the effect on critical thinking and self-confidence in comparison to traditional educational methods. Methodology: Utilizing the NLN Jeffries Simulation Theory as a guiding framework, the implementation of the project included two sites. Site A participants received simulation-based learning (SBL) while Site B participants received lecture-based learning (LBL). There was a total of 11 participants at Site A and 10 participants at Site B. Critical thinking and self-confidence was evaluated using a pre-test and post-test method. Results: Data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and IBM SPSS. The results found statistical significance in both lecture-based learning and simulation-based learning in improving critical thinking and self-confidence. Implications for Practice: Simulation, with its benefit demonstrated in the project, can be further utilized in future educational programs for night shift nurses.
Public Agenda/USA Today/Ipsos Snapshot Survey on Coronavirus
Creators: name: Public Agenda Foundation
name: USA Today
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Level of threat from COVID-19 (coronavirus) (5); various actions United States government should take to contain spread of COVID-19 (11); length of time coronavirus will continue (1); length of time prepared to wait before going back to normal life (6); actions taken since coronavirus began (16); how community will fare after crisis is over (1); main priority of US government during coronavirus crisis (3); agree/disagree with various statements about coronavirus crisis (10); ways in which government could help communities cope with crisis (7).
Eleven-Dimensional Supergravity in Light-Cone Superspace
Creators: name: Ananth, Sudarshan
name: Brink, Lars
name: Ramond, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that Supergravity in eleven dimensions can be described in terms of a constrained superfield on the light-cone, without the use of auxiliary fields. We build its action to first order in the gravitational coupling constant κ, by "oxidizing" (N=8,d=4) Supergravity. This is simply achieved, as for N=4 Yang-Mills, by extending the transverse derivatives into superspace. The eleven-dimensional SuperPoincare algebra is constructed and a fourth order interaction is conjectured.
description: 18 pages
Measuring Productivity Change and Its Components for Fisheries: The Case of the Alaskan Pollock Fishery, 1994-2003
Creators: name: Felthoven, Ronald G.
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Torres, Marcelo
name: Felthoven, Ronald G.
name: Morrison Paul, Catherine J.
name: Torres, Marcelo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Fisheries Productivity
subject: Regulatory Impacts
subject: Bycatch
subject: Environmental Factors
subject: Primal Production Model

description: Traditional productivity measures have been much less prevalent than other measures of economic and biological performance in fisheries economics. It has been increasingly recognized, however, that modeling and measuring fisheries' production relationships is central to understanding and ultimately correcting the repercussions of externalities and poorly designed regulations. We use a transformation function production model to estimate productivity and its components for the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands pollock fishery. We recognize the roles of externalities from pollock harvesting by incorporating data on environmental conditions, bycatch, and biomass stock, and capture regulatory impacts through fishing strategy indicators and fixed effects. We find that the productive contributions and interactions of environmental conditions, bycatch, and fishing strategies are statistically significant, and that regulatory changes have had both direct and indirect impacts on catch patterns.
Mumification- An overview
Creators: name: Pereira, Diogo
name: Lucala, Jessica
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: Over the decades, studies on mummies have expanded to reconstruct multifaceted knowledge about living conditions, pathologies and possible causes of death for ancient populations in different spatio-temporal contexts.
Thus, forensic taphonomy is the study of all the phases that the human being goes through after death, of destruction or conservation, in the legal medicine or forensic interest.
Currently, there are different methods of cadaveric conservation, both natural and artificial.
And as an example of one of these methods we have mummification. Mummification is a modified form of putrefaction, where there is a rapid dehydration or drying of the soft tissues of the body, characterized by shrinkage, dryness and dark appearance, but retaining almost all the characteristics of the body.
This work consisted of an extensive search in the PubMed database, and in literature related to the topic in question and aims a better understanding of the concept of mummification and its characteristics at a forensic level, such as its usefulness and importance.
The semi-global isometric embedding of surfaces with curvature changing signs stably
Creators: name: Cao, Wentao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35M12, 53A05, 53C21

description: A semi-global isometric embedding of abstract surfaces with Gaussian curvature changing signs of any finite order is obtained through solving the Darboux equation.
Targeting Research for Enhanced Impact on Poverty in Marginal Areas: The Representative Case of the Dry Areas of Syria
Creators: name: La Rovere, Roberto
name: Aw-Hassan, Aden
name: La Rovere, Roberto
name: Aw-Hassan, Aden
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Impact
subject: Livelihoods
subject: Marginal Areas
subject: Poverty
subject: Syria
subject: D1
subject: I3
subject: O3
subject: Q12
subject: Q16

description: Agricultural research in marginal dry areas can contribute to reducing poverty through the development of technological, institutional and policy options for poor farmers by addressing diversified opportunities and development pathways. This paper analyzes the diversity of rural livelihood strategies in the Khanasser Valley in northwest Syria, an area representative of marginal drylands. We experimentally define an operational classification of household typologies based on their different livelihood strategies, capabilities, and opportunities by applying a Sustainable Livelihoods framework. Livelihoods diversity has implications on where and how research must be targeted to have impact on poverty. Households less endowed in land and natural resources and with livelihoods only marginally based on farming have to rely on off-farm income or exit agriculture. Poorest households with livelihoods based on migration and scarce land assets can benefit little or only indirectly from agricultural research. Yet the poor laborers with enough assets can benefit more and directly from pro-poor agricultural research. We discuss the pathways that these different groups can undertake to escape poverty, with emphasis on those that use agricultural technologies developed within an Integrated Natural Resources Management approach by a benchmark project of ICARDA in the Khanasser area. Some of the technologies, assessed ex-ante based on extensive experimental data, can contribute to improving livelihoods and preserving the natural resource base. If, however, these are to become part of effective development pathways and impact on poverty, they must meet various policy and institutional conditions, that we discuss vis-a-vis the different typologies of users.
Parametrization of dark energy equation of state Revisited
Creators: name: Johri, Vinod B.
name: Rath, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study of various parametrizations of the dark energy equation of state is made. Astrophysical constraints from LSS, CMB and BBN are laid down to test the physical viability and cosmological compatibility of these parametrizations. A critical evaluation of the 4-index parametrizations reveals that Hannestad-Mörtsell as well as Lee parametrizations are simple and transparent in probing the evolution of the dark energy during the expansion history of the universe and they satisfy the LSS, CMB and BBN constraints on the dark energy density parameter for the best fit values.
description: 11 pages
23. The Maunder minimum
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: A particularly cold period in Europe, which caused great hardship, was a 70-year interval from around 1645–1715, today known as the 'Maunder Minimum'. Hipparcos made some first steps in establishing whether this sort of behaviour is common in solar-type stars. Further progress can be expected with Gaia.
Factors to Be Considered in Locating, Planning, and Operating Country Elevators
Creators: name: Richey, Perry S.
name: Johnson, Thew D.
name: Richey, Perry S.
name: Johnson, Thew D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: In the crop year 1949 about 2,200,000,000 bushels of corn, wheat, and soybeans were sold by farmers in the United States. A high percentage of this grain moved through an estimated 23,000 country elevators on its way to processors and subterminal and terminal storage facilities. If the marketing margin taken by these country elevators was between 5 and 6 cents per bushel, as was the margin received by the elevators included in this study, their income for the 1949 crop was more than 100 million dollars. There has been a growing demand for information that will show how to determine the proper location, layout, and size of a country elevator and set forth the operating methods, equipment, and practices that would result in maximum efficiency. Such information is needed by people who desire to build new elevators as well as by operators who desire to make improvements in existing facilities. In order to provide the desired information, this survey of the facilities, equipment, and methods of operation of a representative number of country elevators in the State of Indiana was undertaken.
Modeling Deforestation and Land Use Change: Sparse Data Environments
Creators: name: De Pinto, Alessandro
name: Nelson, Gerald C.
name: De Pinto, Alessandro
name: Nelson, Gerald C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Land use change in developing countries is of great interest to policymakers and researchers from many backgrounds. Concerns about consequences of deforestation for global climate change and biodiversity have received the most publicity, but loss of wetlands, declining land productivity, and watershed management are also problems facing developing countries. In developing countries, analysis is especially constrained by lack of data. This paper reviews modeling approaches for data-constrained environments that involve methods such as neural nets and dynamic programming and research results that link individual household survey data with satellite images using geographic positioning systems.
Potential health and economic impacts of dexamethasone treatment for patients with COVID-19
Creators: name: Jamshidi, Babak
name: Mahdi, Adam
name: Aguas, Ricardo
name: White, Lisa
name: Shretta, Rima
name: Horby, Peter
name: Landray, Martin J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110305 Emergency Medicine
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases

description: Dexamethasone can reduce mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients needing oxygen and ventilation by 18% and 36%, respectively. Here, we estimate the potential number of lives saved and life years gained if this treatment were to be rolled out in the UK and globally, as well as the cost-effectiveness of implementing this intervention. Assuming SARS-CoV-2 exposure levels of 5% to 15%, we estimate that, for the UK, approximately 12,000 (4,250 - 27,000) lives could be saved between July and December 2020. Assuming that dexamethasone has a similar effect size in settings where access to oxygen therapies is limited, this would translate into approximately 650,000 (240,000 - 1,400,000) lives saved globally over the same time period. If dexamethasone acts differently in these settings, the impact could be less than half of this value. To estimate the full potential of dexamethasone in the global fight against COVID-19, it is essential to perform clinical research in settings with limited access to oxygen and/or ventilators, for example in low- and middle-income countries.
Durgapal IV model in light of the minimal geometric deformation approach
Creators: name: Tello-Ortiz, Francisco
name: Rincón, Ángel
name: Bhar, Piyali
name: Gomez-Leyton, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present article is devoted to the study of local anisotropies effects on the Durgapal's fourth model in the context of gravitational decoupling via the Minimal Geometric Deformation approach. To do it, the most general equation of state relating the components of the $θ$--sector is imposed to obtain the decoupler function $f(r)$. In addition, certain properties of the obtained solution are investigated, such as the behavior of the salient material content threading the stellar interior, causality and energy conditions, hydrostatic balance through modified Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff conservation equation and stability mechanism against local anisotropies by means of adiabatic index, sound velocity of the pressure waves, convection factor and Harrison--Zeldovich--Novikov procedure, in order to check if the model is physically admissible or not. Regarding the stability analysis, it is found that the model presents unstable regions when the sound speed of the pressure waves and convection factor are used in distinction with what happens in the adiabatic index and Harrison--Zeldovich--Novikov case. To produce a more realistic picture the numerical data for some known compact objects was placed and different values of the parameter $α$ were considered to compare with the GR case ı.e, $α=0$.
description: To be published in Chinese Physics C
Investing in Livestock Development in Water-Scarce Semi-Arid Watersheds: Technological, Institutional and Policy Dimensions
Creators: name: Puskur, Ranjitha
name: Puskur, Ranjitha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: watersheds
subject: livestock
subject: environment
subject: livelihoods
subject: markets
subject: services

description: Watershed Development Programmes (WDPs) in India were conceived as tools for correcting the regional imbalances in agricultural development created by Green Revolution, through investments in soil and water conservation (SWC) and natural resource management (NRM) in rainfed areas. Though the overall impact of WDPs has been positive and significant, with increase in physical and economic access to groundwater, landless and marginal households hardly benefited from watershed development. Recent evidence points out that in many watersheds inequities increased, since for non-land owning and -well owning households access to drinking water, grazing lands and other natural resources decreased. This paper is based on a research project carried out by the International water Management Institute, South Asia in India during 2002-2005, which attempted to document and understand the livestock-environment-livelihood interactions in watersheds in semi-arid India. This paper elucidates the important role of livestock in livelihoods of communities in water-scarce watersheds and demonstrates that unless livestock interventions are consciously and astutely planned, with due consideration to protecting livelihoods and environment, WDPs might not result in equitable benefits. Limited access to livestock-related institutional services and social organization does not contribute to sustainable livestock-livelihood-environment interactions. The paper highlights the major role that technological and institutional factors play in bringing about the livestock development that would impact positively on livelihoods and the accompanying policy changes that are necessary.
Vibrational ratchets
Creators: name: Borromeo, M.
name: Marchesoni, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport in a one-dimensional symmetric device can be activated by the combination of thermal noise and a bi-harmonic drive. For the study case of an overdamped Brownian particle diffusing on a periodic one-dimensional substrate, we distinguish two apparently different bi-harmonic regimes: (i) Harmonic mixing, where the two drive frequencies are commensurate and of the order of some intrinsic dynamical relaxation rate. A comparison of new simulation results with earlier theoretical predictions shows that the analytical understanding of this frequency mixing mechanism is not satisfactory, yet; (ii) Vibrational mixing, where one harmonic drive component is characterized by a high frequency but finite amplitude-to-frequency ratio. Its effect on the device response to either a static or a low-frequency additional input signal is accurately reproduced by rescaling each spatial Fourier component of the substrate potential, separately. Contrary to common wisdom based on the linear response theory, we show that extremely high-frequency modulations can indeed influence the response of slowly (or dc) operated devices, with potential applications in sensor technology and cellular physiology. Finally, the mixing of two high-frequency beating signal is also investigated both numerically and analytically.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
File Formats in Climate and Energy System Modelling
Creators: name: Emele, Lukas
name: Förster, Hannah
name: Glauer, Martin
name: Hofmann, Christian
name: Hülk, Ludwig
name: Stappel, Mirjam
name: Winger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: file formats

description: With this briefing we provide relevant definitions for file types, formats, data bases and concepts commonly used in climate and energy system modelling. We offer this document, because not all data is created equal. We have to deal with a multitude of data sources for input and output. Some information comes in special formats and some information can be stored in different ways. Each way comes with specific advantages and drawbacks. Sometimes, conversion is needed and may not be straight forward. These particularities are important with respect to reproducibility, comparability, re-use and documentation. We lay out a reference to allow a productive approach in working with commonly used file formats and related issues in climate and energy system modelling. We introduce binary and text based file formats, the difference between vector and raster formats, the classification of the structuredness in data, and the use of databases. Subsequently, we provide a description of specific commonly used formats from all categories. Whenever possible we reference an external resource for further explanation. Finally, we conclude with a short section of best practices and recommendations.

 This briefing may develop further and is open to suggested additions by anyone. Please post suggestions here on github. Please attach the label formats-briefing to your issue.
description: This work was supported by grant 03ET4057A--D (SzenarienDB) from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany (BMWi).
Mentorship Alliance between South African Farmers: Implication for Sustainable Agriculture Sector Reform
Creators: name: Femi, Olubode-Awosola
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
name: Femi, Olubode-Awosola
name: Van Schalkwyk, Herman D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: E6
subject: O1
subject: Q15
subject: P0
subject: L12

description: South Africa's agricultural sector is characterized by a skewed participation of the population. There are vastly white commercial farmers and black subsistence farmers. This is attributed to the past government's intervention in the economy, which lead to exclusion of and discrimination against the blacks regarding access to land. The new government is committed to redressing this imbalance through agricultural reform and development strategies namely land, agrarian, trade and market reforms. One of the government's primary policy thrusts is to provide access to agricultural land for people not adequately represented in the agricultural sector. However, the government lacks sufficient resources to provide land and support services to the farmers been settled. This study is motivated by the insights to explore the complementarities of white established commercial farmers on one hand and the black newly emerging farmers' characteristics and the need for a framework within which the stakeholders can contribute to the success of the reforms. The study contributes to the discussion regarding mentorship between these farm types, by addressing an identified knowledge gap with respect to the objective, implementation and reward for mentorship. Mentorship alliance that can transform the South Africa's agricultural sector into a more efficient and competitive sector and enhance the success of South African economic reforms, is conceptualized. The mentorship is expected to be loosely structured, without the complicated legal and contractual processes involved in corporate business alliances. However, it is hoped that the alliance would be a precursor for highly committed joint ventures in the industry.
Non-adiabatic transitions in parabolic and super-parabolic $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric non-Hermitian systems
Creators: name: Kam, Chon-Fai
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exceptional points, the spectral degeneracy points in the complex parameter space, are fundamental to non-Hermitian quantum systems. The dynamics of non-Hermitian systems in the presence of exceptional points differ significantly from those of Hermitian ones. Here we investigate non-adiabatic transitions in non-Hermitian $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric systems, in which the exceptional points are driven through at finite speed which are quadratic or cubic functions of time. We identity different transmission dynamics separated by exceptional points, and derive analytical approximate formulas for the non-adiabatic transmission probabilities. We discuss possible experimental realizations with a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric non-Hermitian one-dimensional tight-binding optical waveguide lattice.
Recycling Hybrid Maize Varieties: Is It Backward Practice or Innovative Response to Adverse Conditions in Kenya?
Creators: name: Japhether, W.
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Lawrence, M.
name: Danda, Milton Kengo
name: Mohammed, Lutta
name: Japhether, W.
name: De Groote, Hugo
name: Lawrence, M.
name: Danda, Milton Kengo
name: Mohammed, Lutta
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Hybrid varieties have significantly contributed to increased maize proclivity in Kenya and other SSA countries. A number of factors limit access of farmers to maize varieties, smallholder farmers have sort an alternative option of recycling the hybrid maize seeds. Seeds are carefully selected based on cob and grain size during or before harvest after which they are preserved. hybrid yielding maize varieties (HYMV) developers and disseminators observe that there is a progressive yield decrease of recycling HYMV. The question is "Is it economical to recycle HYMV or an innovation that farmers can practice?". This study was designed to evaluate the yield losses and benefits of hybrid maize recycling in Kenya. Through key informants, farmers who grew both certified seed and recycled maize were identified. For on farm trial (OFT), sixty two (62) farmers who recycled hybrid maize varieties and 30 who grew certified seeds were randomly selected while for the On station trial (OST), the trial was laid out in a completely randomized block design replicated four time with plots measuring 100M square. For the OFT, two plots of 100 square meters were superimposed on farmers' fields both on recycled and fresh seed. Input and output levels in the plots were identified and valued. The results showed that the yield decreases at an increasing rate. Yield losses for Double crosses low compared to the Top crosses. The yield levels of recycled Top cross reduced by 16%, 17% and 32 while that for double crosses decreased by 20%, 37% and 46% for the first, second and third recycling generations respectively. However, positive net benefits are attained in recycling HYMV. This implies that it is beneficial to recycle HYMV up-to the third generation level. However at regional and national level food security objectives is comprised. This demands that incentives to discourage farmers from recycling may be sought through development of OPVs which can be recycled if national objective of food security has to be enhanced. From the logit results the major significantly influencing factors in recycling HYMVs are amount of credit, fertilizer, wealth and extension contact.
Theory of the Stark Effect for P donors in Si
Creators: name: Friesen, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a multi-valley effective mass theory for substitutional donors in silicon in an inhomogeneous environment. Valley-orbit coupling is treated perturbatively. We apply the theory to the Stark effect in Si:P. The method becomes more accurate at high fields, and it is designed to give correct experimental binding energies at zero field. Unexpectedly, the ground state energy for the donor electron is found to increase with electric field as a consequence of spectrum narrowing of the 1s manifold. Our results are of particular importance for the Kane quantum computer.
description: published version
Conversion Necessities in Climate and Energy System Modelling
Creators: name: Emele, Lukas
name: Förster, Hannah
name: Glauer, Martin
name: Hofmann, Christian
name: Hülk, Ludwig
name: Reder, Klara
name: Stappel, Mirjam
name: Winger, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: energy, climate, modelling, conversion, GWP, units, deflation

description: With this briefing we provide definitions for units and metrics commonly used in climate and energy modelling. We provide this briefing, because in climate and energy system modelling,the same data can be represented using a diverse set of units and metrics. This leads to challenges when it comes to comparability and re-use. Only when we are certain that a variable is measured in a specific unit or metric, we can use it without the chance of producing errors. For example we may want to compare results of different projections with each other or apply a specific variable in our own modelling work. Sometimes, a conversion is needed which may not be straight forward. We cover units in Section 3, greenhouse gases in Section 4, monetary values in Section 5 and geographic coordinates in Section 6. Throughout these sections, we provide – where available – links to conversion tables hosted on the Open Energy Platform. Like this, we combine what we learn below with practical and open access tools for everyday work. This briefing may develop further and is open to suggested additions by anyone. Please post suggestions on github. Please attach the label conversion-briefing to your issue.
description: This work was supported by grant 03ET4057A–D (SzenarienDB) from the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy of Germany (BMWi).