cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tapping into nature’s benefits: values, effort and the struggle to co-produce pine resin
Creators: name: Heinze, Alan
name: Kuyper, Thomas W.
name: Barrios, Luis E. García
name: Neptalí Ramírez Marcial
name: Bongers, Frans
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The concept of ecosystem services (ES) and related conceptual frameworks like the cascade model, can be relevant to explore the ways through which people and nature are connected and how the benefits of nature, upon which people depend, are realised. An integrated cascade framework was used to study the ES pathway of pine resin, a traded forest product, in a rural mountain community in Mexico. We conducted mixed-methods research, combining participatory tools with measures of service capacity, resin yield, and key farmer endowments. Resin was co-produced by an intricate interaction between the human and natural components of the social-ecological system. Substantial human inputs and coordinated efforts were required to realise resin benefits, and people’s appreciation and plural values emerged along the whole service pathway. Though there were stark differences in natural resource endowments, working farmers gained a high share of resin’s income through labour, labour relations and social networks. But most social conflicts and struggles also occurred over labour relations and organisation, revealing power dynamics. Furthermore, external actors controlled different mechanisms of access, and exerted power over the community’s ability to derive benefits from resin. In resin co-production, values connect people to the landscape, while labour and power mediate the access to nature’s benefits.
Spectra of the spreading layers on the neutron star surface and constraints on the neutron star equation of state
Creators: name: Suleimanov, Valery
name: Poutanen, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectra of the spreading layers on the neutron star surface are calculated on the basis of the Inogamov-Sunyaev model taking into account general relativity correction to the surface gravity and considering various chemical composition of the accreting matter. Local (at a given latitude) spectra are similar to the X-ray burst spectra and are described by a diluted black body. Total spreading layer spectra are integrated accounting for the light bending, gravitational redshift, and the relativistic Doppler effect and aberration. They depend slightly on the inclination angle and on the luminosity. These spectra also can be fitted by a diluted black body with the color temperature depending mainly on a neutron star compactness. Owing to the fact that the flux from the spreading layer is close to the critical Eddington, we can put constraints on a neutron star radius without the need to know precisely the emitting region area or the distance to the source. The boundary layer spectra observed in the luminous low-mass X-ray binaries, and described by a black body of color temperature Tc=2.4+-0.1 keV, restrict the neutron star radii to R=14.8+- 1.5 km (for a 1.4-Msun star and solar composition of the accreting matter), which corresponds to the hard equation of state.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, MNRAS, in press
Entanglement concentration protocols for GHZ-type entangled coherent state based on linear optics
Creators: name: Sisodia, Mitali
name: Shukla, Chitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We proposed two entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) to obtain maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-type entangled coherent state (ECS) from the corresponding partially entangled GHZ-type ECSs. We obtained the first ECP using a partially entangled GHZ-type ECS assisted with a superposition of single-mode coherent state, however the second ECP is designed using two copies of partially entangled GHZ-type ECSs. The success probabilities have also been calculated and discussed for both the ECPs. We have further compared the success probabilities of our first ECP for 3-mode GHZ-type ECS with an ECP of 3-mode W-type ECS and found that our ECP is more efficient (maximal success probabilities) for larger value (β=0.7) of state parameter. For the physical realization, two optical circuits (for two ECPs) using linear optical elements, viz 50:50 beam splitter, phase shifter, and photon detectors are provided, which support the future experimental implementation possible with the present technology.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Building Gorman's Nest
Creators: name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Beatty, Timothy K.M.
name: Pope, Rulon D.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Beatty, Timothy K.M.
name: Pope, Rulon D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: aggregation
subject: functional form
subject: Gorman Engel curves
subject: incomplete demand systems
subject: rank
subject: weak integrability

description: Gorman Engel curves are extended to incomplete systems. The roles of Slutsky symmetry and homogeneity/adding up are isolated in the rank and functional form restrictions for Gorman systems. Symmetry determines the rank condition. The maximum rank is three for incomplete and complete systems. Homogeneity/adding up determines the functional form restrictions in complete systems. There is no restriction on functional form in an incomplete system. Every full rank and minimal deficit reduced rank Gorman system has a representation as a polynomial in a single function of income. This generates a complete taxonomy of indirect preferences for Gorman systems. Using this taxonomy, we develop models of incomplete Gorman systems that nest rank and functional form and satisfy global regularity conditions. All results are completely derived with elementary and straightforward methods that should be of wide interest.
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Musee Biographique
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1851

description: Trykt liste over nye franske bøker
description: Journalført som journalnr. 26, 1851. Har antakelig vært vedlegg til et brev.
Spectroscopic study of blue compact galaxies V. oxygen abundance and the metallicity-luminosity relation
Creators: name: Shi, F.
name: Kong, X.
name: Li, C.
name: Cheng, F. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the fifth paper in a series studying the stellar components, star formation histories, star formation rates and metallicities of a blue compact galaxy (BCG) sample. Based on our high-quality ground-based spectroscopic observations, we have determined the electron temperatures, electron densities, nitrogen abundances and oxygen abundances for 72 star-forming BCGs in our sample, using different oxygen abundance indicators. The oxygen abundance covers the range 7.15 < 12 + log (O/H)< 9.0, and nitrogen is found to be mostly a product of secondary nucleosynthesis for 12 + log (O/H)>8.2 and apparently a product of primary nucleosynthesis for 12 + log (O/H)< 8.2. To assess the possible systematic differences among different oxygen abundance indicators, we have compared oxygen abundances of BCGs obtained with the Te method, R23 method, P method, N2 method and O3N2 method. The oxygen abundances derived from the Te method are systematically lower by 0.1-0.25 dex than those derived from the strong line empirical abundance indicators, consistent with previous studies based on region samples. We confirm the existence of the metallicity-luminosity relation in BCGs over a large range of abundances and luminosities. Our sample of galaxies shows that the slope of the metallicity-luminosity relation for the luminous galaxies (~-0.05) is slightly shallower than that for the dwarf galaxies (~-0.17). An offset was found in the metallicity-luminosity relation of the local galaxies and that of the intermediate redshift galaxies. It shows that the metallicity-luminosity relation for the emission line galaxies at high redshift is displaced to lower abundances, higher luminosities, or both.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
TAXES AND QUOTAS FOR A STOCK POLLUTANT WITH MULTIPLICATIVE UNCERTAINTY
Creators: name: Hoel, Michael
name: Karp, Larry S.
name: Hoel, Michael
name: Karp, Larry S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: pollution control
subject: asymmetric information
subject: taxes and quotas
subject: stochastic control
subject: global warming
subject: multiplicative disturbances

description: We compare taxes and quotas when firms' and the regulator have asymmetric information about the slope of firms' abatement costs. Damages are caused by a stock pollutant. We calibrate the model using cost and damage estimates of greenhouse gasses. Taxes dominate quotas, as with additive uncertainty. This model with multiplicative uncertainty allows us to compare expected stock levels under the two policies, and to investigate the importance of stock size and the magnitude of uncertainty on the policy ranking.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 02/06/06.
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey XI. Possible detection of Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere of the Saturn-mass planet WASP-69b
Creators: name: Murgas, F.
name: Chen, G.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Nowak, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the main atmospheric features in exoplanet atmospheres, detectable both from ground- and space-based facilities, is Rayleigh scattering. In hydrogen-dominated planetary atmospheres, Rayleigh scattering causes the measured planetary radius to increase toward blue wavelengths in the optical range. We obtained a spectrophotometric time series of one transit of the Saturn-mass planet WASP-69b using the OSIRIS instrument at the Gran Telescopio Canarias. From the data we constructed 19 spectroscopic transit light curves representing 20 nm wide wavelength bins spanning from 515 nm to 905 nm. We derived the transit depth for each curve individually by fitting an analytical model together with a Gaussian process to account for systematic noise in the light curves. We find that the transit depth increases toward bluer wavelengths, indicative of a larger effective planet radius. Our results are consistent with space-based measurements obtained in the near infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope, which show a compatible slope of the transmission spectrum. We discuss the origin of the detected slope and argue between two possible scenarios: a Rayleigh scattering detection originating in the planet's atmosphere or a stellar activity induced signal from the host star.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A. Language corrected version
String and Parton Percolation
Creators: name: Pajares, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief review to string and parton percolation is presented. After a short introduction, the main consequences of percolation of color sources on the following observables in A-A collisions: $J/ψ$ suppression, saturation of the multiplicity, dependence on the centrality of the transverse momentum fluctuations, Cronin effect and transverse momentum distributions, strength of the two and three body Bose-Einstein correlations and forward-backward multiplicity correlations, are presented. The behaviour of all of them can be naturally explained by the clustering of color sources and the dependence of the fluctuations of the number of these clusters on the density.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Plenary talk given at Hard Probes 2004, Ericeira, Portugal
Data-driven Koopman Operators for Model-based Shared Control of Human-Machine Systems
Creators: name: Broad, Alexander
name: Abraham, Ian
name: Murphey, Todd
name: Argall, Brenna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a data-driven shared control algorithm that can be used to improve a human operator's control of complex dynamic machines and achieve tasks that would otherwise be challenging, or impossible, for the user on their own. Our method assumes no a priori knowledge of the system dynamics. Instead, both the dynamics and information about the user's interaction are learned from observation through the use of a Koopman operator. Using the learned model, we define an optimization problem to compute the autonomous partner's control policy. Finally, we dynamically allocate control authority to each partner based on a comparison of the user input and the autonomously generated control. We refer to this idea as model-based shared control (MbSC). We evaluate the efficacy of our approach with two human subjects studies consisting of 32 total participants (16 subjects in each study). The first study imposes a linear constraint on the modeling and autonomous policy generation algorithms. The second study explores the more general, nonlinear variant. Overall, we find that model-based shared control significantly improves task and control metrics when compared to a natural learning, or user only, control paradigm. Our experiments suggest that models learned via the Koopman operator generalize across users, indicating that it is not necessary to collect data from each individual user before providing assistance with MbSC. We also demonstrate the data-efficiency of MbSC and consequently, it's usefulness in online learning paradigms. Finally, we find that the nonlinear variant has a greater impact on a user's ability to successfully achieve a defined task than the linear variant.
Effects of Government Policies on Income Distribution and Welfare
Creators: name: Wu, Ximing
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Golan, Amos
name: Wu, Ximing
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Golan, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: A variety of parametric and semiparametric models produce qualitatively similar estimates of government policies' effects on income distribution and welfare (as measured by the Gini, standard deviation of logarithms, relative mean deviation, coefficient of variation, and various Atkinson indexes). Taxes and the Earned Income Tax Credit are an effective way to redistribute income to the poor and raise welfare. The minimum wage lowers welfare. Social insurance programs have little effect except for Supplemental Security Income, which raises welfare. Transfer programs (AFDC/TANF and food stamps) either have no statistically significant effect or lower welfare.
Correlation filter tracking with adaptive proposal selection for accurate scale estimation
Creators: name: Xiong, Luo
name: Liang, Yanjie
name: Yan, Yan
name: Wang, Hanzi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, some correlation filter based trackers with detection proposals have achieved state-of-the-art tracking results. However, a large number of redundant proposals given by the proposal generator may degrade the performance and speed of these trackers. In this paper, we propose an adaptive proposal selection algorithm which can generate a small number of high-quality proposals to handle the problem of scale variations for visual object tracking. Specifically, we firstly utilize the color histograms in the HSV color space to represent the instances (i.e., the initial target in the first frame and the predicted target in the previous frame) and proposals. Then, an adaptive strategy based on the color similarity is formulated to select high-quality proposals. We further integrate the proposed adaptive proposal selection algorithm with coarse-to-fine deep features to validate the generalization and efficiency of the proposed tracker. Experiments on two benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against several state-of-the-art trackers.
description: 6 pages, 14 figures
Temperature dependent asymmetry of the nonlocal spin-injection resistance: evidence for spin non-conserving interface scattering
Creators: name: Garzon, Samir
name: Zutic, Igor
name: Webb, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report nonlocal spin injection and detection experiments on mesoscopic Co-Al2O3-Cu spin valves. We have observed a temperature dependent asymmetry in the nonlocal resistance between parallel and antiparallel configurations of the magnetic injector and detector. This strongly supports the existence of a nonequilibrium resistance that depends on the relative orientation of the detector magnetization and the nonequilibrium magnetization in the normal metal providing evidence for increasing interface spin scattering with temperature.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in PRL, minor corrections (affiliation, acknowledgements, typo)
64. Solar system objects in DR2
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Hipparcos observed around 100,000 stars, but just 48 asteroids. Gaia is expected to determine highly accurate orbits and reflectance spectra for 350,000 solar system objects, permitting profound studies of their dynamics, structure, and taxonomy. Their properties will shed new light on the formation and evolution of our solar system.
Additional file 2 of Template copy number and the sensitivity of quantitative PCR for Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic individuals
Creators: name: Thompson, Trevor A.
name: Mahamoudou B. Touré
name: Sanogo, Daouda
name: Shaffer, Jeffrey G.
name: Seydou O. Doumbia
name: Krogstad, Donald J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Gel electrophoresis image of r364(a) PET-PCR products. This gel electrophoresis image shows r364(a) PET-PCR products amplified for false-positive qPCR assays are smaller (~100 bp) than those for true-positive qPCR assays (~125 bp).
The Threats of Artificial Intelligence Scale (TAI). Development, Measurement and Test Over Three Application Domains
Creators: name: Kieslich, Kimon
name: Lünich, Marco
name: Marcinkowski, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gained much popularity, with the scientific community as well as with the public. AI is often ascribed many positive impacts for different social domains such as medicine and the economy. On the other side, there is also growing concern about its precarious impact on society and individuals. Several opinion polls frequently query the public fear of autonomous robots and artificial intelligence (FARAI), a phenomenon coming also into scholarly focus. As potential threat perceptions arguably vary with regard to the reach and consequences of AI functionalities and the domain of application, research still lacks necessary precision of a respective measurement that allows for wide-spread research applicability. We propose a fine-grained scale to measure threat perceptions of AI that accounts for four functional classes of AI systems and is applicable to various domains of AI applications. Using a standardized questionnaire in a survey study (N=891), we evaluate the scale over three distinct AI domains (loan origination, job recruitment and medical treatment). The data support the dimensional structure of the proposed Threats of AI (TAI) scale as well as the internal consistency and factoral validity of the indicators. Implications of the results and the empirical application of the scale are discussed in detail. Recommendations for further empirical use of the TAI scale are provided.
Additional file 3 of Template copy number and the sensitivity of quantitative PCR for Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic individuals
Creators: name: Thompson, Trevor A.
name: Mahamoudou B. Touré
name: Sanogo, Daouda
name: Shaffer, Jeffrey G.
name: Seydou O. Doumbia
name: Krogstad, Donald J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 3: Mean Ct values and standard deviations for DNA standards based on qPCR assays in ascending order by template copy number. In these tables, the mean Ct values and standard deviations of 3 independent replicates for the 10 qPCR assays examined are provided for P. falciparum 3D7 (Table A) and Dd2 (Table B) DNA from 10-5 pg to 10+2 pg DNA per qPCR. These data describe the linear dynamic range, precision and regression line (and thus PCR efficiency) of each assay.
Ultraviolet studies of interacting binaries
Creators: name: Gaensicke, B. T.
name: de Martino, D.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Haswell, C. A.
name: Knigge, C.
name: Long, K. S.
name: Shore, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interacting Binaries consist of a variety of stellar objects in different stages of evolution and those containing accreting compact objects still represent a major challenge to our understanding of not only close binary evolution but also of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. These end-points of binary star evolution are ideal laboratories for the study of accretion and outflow processes, and provide insight on matter under extreme physical conditions. One of the key-questions of fundamental relevance is the nature of SNIa progenitors. The study of accreting compact binary systems relies on observations over the entire electromagnetic spectrum and we outline here those unresolved questions for which access to the ultraviolet range is vital, as they cannot be addressed by observations in any other spectral region.
description: Astrophysics & Space Science in press, 34 pages, 7 figures
[Brev til DKNVS]
Creators: name: Dørrum, Ole Knudsen Og Knut
name: Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskab (DKNVS)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1851

description: Vedr noen obligasjoner i gården Dørrum, Oppdal
description: Påskrift jornalnr. Nr 3 og 10, 1851.
Additional file 4 of Template copy number and the sensitivity of quantitative PCR for Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic individuals
Creators: name: Thompson, Trevor A.
name: Mahamoudou B. Touré
name: Sanogo, Daouda
name: Shaffer, Jeffrey G.
name: Seydou O. Doumbia
name: Krogstad, Donald J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 4: Clinical sensitivity of qPCR Assays for P. falciparum in 96 filter paper blots from smear-positive, asymptomatic subjects by parasite density and template copy number. This table shows the individual clinical sensitivities of 10 qPCR assays for P. falciparum in filter paper blots from smear-positive, asymptomatic subjects increased with parasite densities from thick smears and template copy number of qPCR assay.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE IN THE STATE AND SOCIETY
Creators: name: Akhadjon Turaboev Namangan Institute of Textile Industry Head of the International Cooperation Department
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Social structure plays a key role in the formation of both the state and society. It refers to the organized patterns of relationships and institutions that form the basis of society. This article examines the concept of social structure, its components, and its implications for both public administration and societal interaction. The analysis includes basic elements such as social hierarchies, roles, norms and institutions, as well as their interaction in different types of states and societies. Understanding social structure is critical to understanding how power is distributed, how social order is maintained, and how societies develop over time. In this article, the relationship between the social structure and the state is comprehensively considered, and its importance in achieving social cohesion, development and stability is emphasized.

Keywords: social structure, state, society, social hierarchy, institutions, social roles, norms, management, social unity, development
Linear optical scheme for error-free entanglement distribution and a quantum repeater
Creators: name: Kalamidas, Demetrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a linear optical scheme for error-free distribution of two-photon polarization entangled Bell states over noisy channels. The scheme can be applied to an elementary quantum repeater protocol with potentially significant improvements in efficiency and system complexity. The scheme is based on the use of polarization and time-bin encoding of photons and can perform single-pair, single-step purification with currently available technology.
description: Changes made in the wording of the text
Exponentially growing bulk Green functions as signature of nontrivial non-Hermitian winding number in one dimension
Creators: name: Zirnstein, Heinrich-Gregor
name: Rosenow, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonzero non-Hermitian winding number indicates that a gapped system is in a nontrivial topological class due to the non-Hermiticity of its Hamiltonian. While for Hermitian systems nontrivial topological quantum numbers are reflected by the existence of edge states, a nonzero non-Hermitian winding number impacts a system's bulk response. To establish this relation, we introduce the bulk Green function, which describes the response of a gapped system to an external perturbation on timescales where the induced excitations have not propagated to the boundary yet, and show that it will grow in space if the non-Hermitian winding number is nonzero. Such spatial growth explains why the response of non-Hermitian systems on longer timescales, where excitations have been reflected at the boundary repeatedly, may be highly sensitive to boundary conditions. This exponential sensitivity to boundary conditions explains the breakdown of the bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian systems: topological invariants computed for periodic boundary conditions no longer predict the presence or absence of boundary states for open boundary conditions.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. Part of a joint submission with arXiv:1901.11241
Aggregation Theory for Incomplete Systems
Creators: name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Beatty, Timothy K.M.
name: Pope, Rulon D.
name: LaFrance, Jeffrey T.
name: Beatty, Timothy K.M.
name: Pope, Rulon D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: aggregation
subject: rank
subject: functional form
subject: integrability
subject: incomplete systems
subject: weak integrability

description: Gorman's theory of demand is extended comprehensively to incomplete systems. The incomplete systems approach dramatically increases this class of models. The separate roles of symmetry and adding up are identified in the rank and the functional form of this class of models. We show that symmetry determines rank and the maximum rank is three. We show that adding up and 0o homogeneity determines the functional form and there is no functional form restriction for an incomplete system. We prove that every full rank system and reduced rank systems with a minimal level of degeneracy can be written as a polynomial in a single function of income. A complete set of closed form solutions for the indirect objective functions of this class of models is derived. A simple method to nest rank and functional form for incomplete systems is presented.
Explosive fragmentation of thin ceramic tube using pulsed power
Creators: name: Katsuragi, Hiroaki
name: Ihara, Satoshi
name: Honjo, Haruo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study experimentally examined the explosive fragmentation of thin ceramic tubes using pulsed power. A thin ceramic tube was threaded on a thin copper wire, and high voltage was applied to the wire using a pulsed power generator. This melted the wire and the resulting vapor put pressure on the ceramic tube, causing it to fragment. We examined the statistical properties of the fragment mass distribution. The cumulative fragment mass distribution obeyed the double exponential or power-law with exponential decay. Both distributions agreed well with the experimental data. We also found that the weighted mean fragment mass was scaled by the multiplicity. This result was similar to impact fragmentation, except for the crossover point. Finally, we obtained universal scaling for fragmentation, which is applicable to both impact and explosive fragmentation.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Data-driven lifetime assessment of marine/offshore structures
Creators: name: Mebratu, Mekete
name: Hectors, Kris
name: De Waele, Wim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: Wind Assisted Propulsion Systems (WAPS) are vital for maritime decarbonization. In January 2023, the EU Horizon Europe funding programme approved funding for the Orcelle Wind project, which aims to develop and build a wind-powered ro-ro vessel to be commissioned in late 2026 or early 2027. ORCELLE employs Wing System(WS) technology to generate aerodynamic thrust forces for propulsion.Motivation:     - Early detection and identification of malfunction and degradation of critical mechanical components of the wing system help to ensure safe operation    - Condition-based inspection and maintenance strategies aide in the advancement of safety standards for wind power technologyProject Objectives:     - Development of numerical tools for data-driven structural integrity assessment (fatigue degradation and lifetime) of the wing system     - Design and implementation of a sensor suite for load and condition monitoring of the wing system. Methodology : In this study, the Stochastic Finite Element Model (SFEM) ensures a comprehensive structural assessment under various conditions. Surrogate models, trained on SFEM data, predict WS structural responses. Stress-life methods will be employed to determine the fatigue life of components, and the WS's structural reliability will be evaluated using Bayesian Networks based on the failure contributions of its critical components. Field sensors will continuously stream real-time data for dynamic system-level failure analysis, supported by Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) predictive models.
Stakemeier, Eduard, Konfessionskunde heute im Anschluß an die "Symbolik" ...
Creators: name: Wolf, Ernst
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 7 Nr. 2 (1958): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 7, Heft 2
Growth of Intermediate Massive Black Holes in the Hierarchical Formation of Small Spiral Galaxies in the High-z Universe
Creators: name: Kawakatu, Nozomu
name: Saitoh, Takayuki R.
name: Wada, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining a theoretical model of mass accretion onto a galactic center with a high-resolution $N$-body/SPH simulation, we investigate the formation of an intermediate massive black hole (IMBH) during the hierarchical formation of a small spiral galaxy (with a total mass of $10^{10}M_{\odot}$) in the high-$z$ universe. We found that the rate of average mass accretion to the nucleus due to the radiation drag exerted by newly formed stars in the forming galaxy is $\approx 10^{-5}M_{\odot}$yr$^{-1}$. As a result of this accretion, an IMBH with $\approx 10^{4}M_{\odot}$ can be formed in the center of the spiral galaxy at $z\sim 4$. We found that a central BH coevolves with the dark matter halo from $z\sim 15$ to $z\sim 2$. The mass ratio of the BH to the dark matter halo is nearly constant $\approx (1-3) \times 10^{-6}$ from $z\sim 10$ to $z\sim 2$. This is because that change in the dark matter potential enhances star formation in the central part of the galaxy, and as a result the BH evolves due to mass accretion via the radiation drag. Therefore, our model naturally predicts a correlation between massive BHs and dark matter halos. Moreover, it is found that the final BH-to-bulge mass ratio ($\approx 5\times 10^{-5}$) in a small spiral galaxy at high-$z$ is much smaller than that in the large galaxies ($\approx 10^{-3}$). Our results also suggest that the scatter in the observed scaling relations between the bulge mass and black hole mass are caused by a time lag between BH growth and growth of bulge. We also predict that the X-ray luminosity of AGN is positively correlated with the CO luminosity in the central region. By comparing our results with the properties of Lyman break galaxies (LBGs), it is predicted that some LBGs have massive BHs of $\approx 10^{6}-10^{7}M_{\odot}$.
description: 8pages, 7figures, accepted for publication in ApJ (Volume 628, 20 July 2005 issue)
Odd-even layer-number effect and layer-dependent magnetic phase diagrams in MnBi2Te4
Creators: name: Yang, Shiqi
name: Xu, Xiaolong
name: Zhu, Yaozheng
name: Niu, Ruirui
name: Xu, Chunqiang
name: Peng, Yuxuan
name: Cheng, Xing
name: Jia, Xionghui
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Lu, Jianming
name: Ye, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intrinsic magnetic layered topological insulator MnBi2Te4 with nontrivial topological properties and magnetic order has become a promising system for exploring exotic quantum phenomena such as quantum anomalous Hall effect. However, the layer-dependent magnetism of MnBi2Te4, which is fundamental and crucial for further exploration of quantum phenomena in this system, remains elusive. Here, we use polar reflective magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy, combined with theoretical calculations, to obtain an in-depth understanding of the layer-dependent magnetic properties in MnBi2Te4. The magnetic behavior of MnBi2Te4 exhibits evident odd-even layer-number effect, i.e. the oscillations of the coercivity of the hysteresis loop (at μ0Hc) and the spin-flop transition (at μ0H1), concerning the Zeeman energy and magnetic anisotropy energy. In the even-number septuple layers, an anomalous magnetic hysteresis loop is observed, which is attributed to the thickness-independent surface-related magnetization. Through the linear-chain model, we can clarify the odd-even effect of the spin-flop field and determine the evolution of magnetic states under the external magnetic field. The mean-field method also allows us to trace the experimentally observed magnetic phase diagrams to the magnetic fields, layer numbers and especially, temperature. Overall, by harnessing the unusual layer-dependent magnetic properties, our work paves the way for further study of quantum properties of MnBi2Te4.
description: 46 pages, 16 figures
FREE TRADE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH RESOURCES OF IRAN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Koshteh, M.H. Karim
name: Karbasi, Ali Reza
name: Koshteh, M.H. Karim
name: Karbasi, Ali Reza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Free trading
subject: agriculture
subject: investment
subject: Labour
subject: energy.

description: Free trading is considered as index of global economy and factor economic growth in many countries. In this study along with recognition of growth resources, those factors such as surplus value, Labour, capital, energy, government planning and expenditure which playing the main role in economic growth has been identified and analyzed. Also, international trade index impact along with other effective factors on surplus value are considered and estimated. The results show that Labour and energy are the most effective inputs on surplus value respectively. Then supposing that the sector experienced a productive agronomic year and supporting that Iran country was committed to a free trading framework, the relationships between various related variables were analyzed through the econometric & quantitative method to recommend an acceptable situation for joining free trade in global economy process. With respect to significant of international trade coefficient, the result indicates that in study period (1971-2000) the free trading trend had positive impact on surplus value and growth of agricultural sector and moving toward global economy will surplus its sum. But, prevailing difficulties in the agriculture sector's structure and organization may retarded the economic growth, although investment on training programs can improves the growth of agricultural sector and government investment in various part of the this section would be of huge significance. In this research related data are analyzed and after obtaining the results based on discussion some recommendations are presented.
DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION: DO INSTITUTIONS MATTER? A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF LOCAL INSTITUTIONS IN RURAL INDIA
Creators: name: Gandhi, Vasant P.
name: Marsh, Robin
name: Gandhi, Vasant P.
name: Marsh, Robin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Institutions
subject: development
subject: poverty reduction

description: The paper examines the impact of local institutions on development and poverty in the rural areas of India. Recent research on the role of institutions on the path of economic development indicates the importance of both "macro" and "micro" institutions including local institutions. The study finds a large number of both formal and informal local institutions in the surveyed villages, and a substantial degree of interaction of the households with the institutions. These include both formal institutions such as service cooperatives and dairy cooperatives, as well as informal institutions such as savings groups, community associations and labour groups. The study finds that apart from the standard factors included such as land, capital and labour, the presence and membership in local institutions plays a significant role in explaining the variation in household incomes and gain in capital assets over time. Savings/ micro-credit groups, and dairy cooperatives are found to be particularly important. Further, membership in these institutions is not found to be related to high asset levels or high caste - it is often inversely so. This indicates a stronger developmental role. Recorded opinions of the households supports the findings on the impact and beneficial role of local institutions. The study confirms that institutions do matter, and that local institutions can and do make a significant contribution in helping development in the rural areas, especially so for the lower income groups.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS: SOME LESSONS FROM THE PILOT TISSUE-CULTURE (TC) BANANA PRODUCTION PROMOTION PROJECT IN KENYA, 1997-2002
Creators: name: Mbogoh, Stephen G.
name: Wambugu, Florence M.
name: Wakhusama, Sam
name: Mbogoh, Stephen G.
name: Wambugu, Florence M.
name: Wakhusama, Sam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Biotechnology and Tissue-Culture (tc) Banana
subject: Adoption
subject: Socio-economic Impact
subject: Rural Development
subject: Third World
subject: Kenya.

description: This article is based on a socio-economic impact study of the introduction and adoption of tissue-culture (tc) technology in banana production in Kenya. It attempts to demonstrate that a prudent introduction and promotion of a new biotechnological innovation in farming can make a positive contribution to the socio-economic status of resource poor farmers in a developing country, such as Kenya. Adoption of tc technology in banana production in Kenya is considered a good example of biotechnological applications in agriculture. Hence the article hopes to make a contribution to recent debates at international levels as to whether biotechnology can make a difference in uplifting the living standards of people in the third world (Qaim, 1999; Graff, et al 2002; Qaim, et al 2002) by showing that it actually does so, using experiences from Kenya. The study utilizes both primary and secondary data sources. The results show that tc-banana production is relatively more capital intensive than non-tc banana production (re: about 70% fixed costs for tc banana versus about 49% fixed costs for non-tc banana). However, tc-banana production is found to offer relatively much higher financial returns than non-tc banana production. The high profitability of tc-banana production relative to traditional (non-tc) banana production and other farm enterprises in the pilot tc-banana project area in Kenya demonstrates the importance of biotechnological applications in rural development and shows that biotechnology can make a difference in uplifting the living standards of people in the third world. Therefore, efforts to promote tc-banana production in Kenya are justifiable from both food security and economic criteria.
The Nature of 500 micron Risers I: SMA Observations
Creators: name: Greenslade, J.
name: Clements, D. L.
name: Petitpas, G.
name: Asboth, V.
name: Conley, A.
name: Pérez-Fournon, I.
name: Riechers, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SMA observations at resolutions from 0.35 to 3 arcseconds of a sample of 34 candidate high redshift dusty star forming galaxies (DSFGs). These sources were selected from the HerMES Herschel survey catalogues to have SEDs rising from 250 to 350 to 500$μ$m, a population termed 500-risers. We detect counterparts to 24 of these sources, with four having two counterparts. We conclude that the remaining ten sources that lack detected counterparts are likely to have three or more associated sources which blend together to produce the observed Herschel source. We examine the role of lensing, which is predicted to dominate the brightest (F500 $>$ 60mJy) half of our sample. We find that while lensing plays a role, at least 35% of the bright sources are likely to be multiple sources rather than the result of lensing. At fainter fluxes we find a blending rate comparable to, or greater than, the predicted 40%. We determine far-IR luminosities and star formation rates for the non-multiple sources in our sample and conclude that, in the absence of strong lensing, our 500-risers are very luminous systems with L$_{FIR} > 10^{13}$L$_{\odot}$ and star formation rates $> 1000$M$_{\odot}$/yr.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND CONTAMINATION BY COFFEE PROCESSING A BIOECONOMIC MODEL AT THE WATERSHED LEVEL IN HONDURAS
Creators: name: Barbier, Bruno
name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Gonzalez, Jose Manuel
name: Nelson, Andy
name: Castaneda, Orlando Mejia
name: Barbier, Bruno
name: Hearne, Robert R.
name: Gonzalez, Jose Manuel
name: Nelson, Andy
name: Castaneda, Orlando Mejia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: coffee
subject: environment
subject: water quality
subject: mathematical programming
subject: transport cost
subject: spatial analysis
subject: watershed
subject: Honduras.

description: In Honduras, traditional coffee processing is the cause of two major problems: poor coffee quality and contaminated water. In this paper we present a method that determines the trade-off between economic efficiency and contamination in a Honduran sub-watershed. The method is a bioeconomic model based on mathematical programming that stimulates the functioning of the interlinked economic and ecological processes in the sub-watershed. We compare various scenarii where the model is given the possibility of replacing traditional coffee processing plants with a network of improved ecological plants. For different levels of contamination the model determines the optimal location and size of new coffee processing plants along river streams by minimizing transport, variable and fixed costs. The restrictions of the system are the volume of wet coffee to be processed, the available stream water, and in the alternative scenarii, investment capital and contaminant concentration in the river. We apply the method to a typical sub-watershed in the hillsides of western Honduras and show that coffee quality can be improved and contamination can be reduced substantially at a relatively low cost.
Additional file 1 of Template copy number and the sensitivity of quantitative PCR for Plasmodium falciparum in asymptomatic individuals
Creators: name: Thompson, Trevor A.
name: Mahamoudou B. Touré
name: Sanogo, Daouda
name: Shaffer, Jeffrey G.
name: Seydou O. Doumbia
name: Krogstad, Donald J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Ct values for P. falciparum 3D7 DNA using 3 different sources of reagents. These tables indicate that Ct values were fundamentally similar for 9 qPCR assays with template copy numbers from 1 to 56 using reagents from 3 different manufacturers.