cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
STOP! Benchmarking Large Language Models with Sensitivity Testing on Offensive Progressions
Creators: name: Morabito, Robert
name: Madhusudan, Sangmitra
name: McDonald, Tyler
name: Emami, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Mitigating explicit and implicit biases in Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a critical focus in the field of natural language processing. However, many current methodologies evaluate scenarios in isolation, without considering the broader context or the spectrum of potential biases within each situation. To address this, we introduce the Sensitivity Testing on Offensive Progressions (STOP) dataset, which includes 450 offensive progressions containing 2,700 unique sentences of varying severity that progressively escalate from less to more explicitly offensive. Covering a broad spectrum of 9 demographics and 46 sub-demographics, STOP ensures inclusivity and comprehensive coverage. We evaluate several leading closed- and open-source models, including GPT-4, Mixtral, and Llama 3. Our findings reveal that even the best-performing models detect bias inconsistently, with success rates ranging from 19.3% to 69.8%. We also demonstrate how aligning models with human judgments on STOP can improve model answer rates on sensitive tasks such as BBQ, StereoSet, and CrowS-Pairs by up to 191%, while maintaining or even improving performance. STOP presents a novel framework for assessing the complex nature of biases in LLMs, which will enable more effective bias mitigation strategies and facilitates the creation of fairer language models.
description: 9 pages (excluding references), accepted to EMNLP 2024 Main Conference
Can We Discover Double Higgs Production at the LHC?
Creators: name: Alves, Alexandre
name: Ghosh, Tathagata
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore double Higgs production via gluon fusion in the $b\bar{b} γγ$ channel at the high-luminosity LHC using machine learning tools. We first propose a Bayesian optimization approach to select cuts on kinematic variables, obtaining a $30-50$ \% increase in the significance compared to current results in the literature. We show that this improvement persists once systematic uncertainties are taken into account. We next use boosted decision trees (BDT) to further discriminate signal and background events. Our analysis shows that a joint optimization of kinematic cuts and BDT hyperparameters results in an appreciable improvement in the significance. Finally, we perform a multivariate analysis of the output scores of the BDT. We find that assuming a very low level of systematics, the techniques proposed here will be able to confirm the production of a pair of Standard Model Higgs bosons at 5$σ$ level with 3 ab$^{-1}$ of data. Assuming a more realistic projection of the level of systematics, around 10\%, the optimization of cuts to train BDTs combined with a multivariate analysis delivers a respectable significance of 4.6$σ$. Even assuming large systematics of 20\%, our analysis predicts a 3.6$σ$ significance, which represents at least strong evidence in favor of double Higgs production. We carefully incorporate background contributions coming from light flavor jets or $c$-jets being misidentified as $b$-jets and jets being misidentified as photons in our analysis.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables, snippet of the optimization code in the appendix. Version published in PRD
An Exploration of Heterogeneity in Supernova Type Ia Samples
Creators: name: Alam, Ujjaini
name: Lasue, Jeremie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine three SNe Type Ia datasets: Union2.1, JLA and Panstarrs to check their consistency using cosmology blind statistical analyses as well as cosmological parameter fitting. We find that Panstarrs dataset is the most stable of the three to changes, although it does not, at the moment, go to high enough redshifts to tightly constrain the dark energy equation of state, $w$. Union2.1, drawn from many different sources, appears somewhat susceptible to changes within the dataset. JLA reconstructs well for a smaller number of cosmological parameters. At higher degrees of freedom, the dependence of its errors on redshift can lead to varying results between subsets. Panstarrs is inconsistent with the other two at about $2σ$, and JLA and Union2.1 are about $1σ$ away from each other. For the $Ω_{0m}-w$ cosmological reconstruction, the $1σ$ range of values in $w$ for selected subsets of each dataset is two times larger for JLA and Union2.1 as compared to Panstarrs. The range in $Ω_{0m}$ for the same subsets remains approximately similar for all three datasets. Although there are differences in the fitting and correction techniques used in the different samples, the most important criterion is SNe selection, a slightly different SNe selection can lead to noticeably different results both in the purely statistical analysis and cosmological reconstruction. We note that a single, high quality low redshift sample could help decrease the uncertainties in the result. We also note that lack of homogeneity in the magnitude errors may bias the results and should either be modeled, or its effect neutralized by using other, complementary datasets. A supernova sample with high quality data at both high and low redshifts, constructed from a few surveys to avoid heterogeneity in the sample, and with homogeneous errors, would result in a more robust cosmological reconstruction.
description: 32 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Tefilot u-baḳashot: le-vaḳesh raḥamim meha-El itbarakh ve-lidrosh mimeno teshuʻa ve-hatslaḥah ʻal ha-medinah
Creators: De Veris, Yehudah ben Mikhael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Jews
Prayer--Judaism

description: Manuscript in Hebrew and Dutch on paper.
Chaotic edge density fluctuations in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak
Creators: name: Zhu, Ziyan
name: White, Anne
name: Carter, Troy
name: Baek, Seung Gyou
name: Terry, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of the time series obtained with the O-Mode reflectometer (Rhodes et al 1997 Plasma Phys. and Control. Fusion 40 (1998) 493-510) and the gas puff imaging (Cziegler, I. et al 2010 Phys. of Plasmas 17, No. 5 (2010) 056120) systems on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak reveals that the turbulent edge density fluctuations are chaotic. Supporting evidence for this conclusion includes: the observation of exponential power spectra (which is associated with Lorentzian-shaped pulses in the time series), the population of the corresponding Bandt-Pompe probability distributions (Bandt and Pompe 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 174102), and the location of the signal on the complexity-entropy plane (C-H plane) (Rosso et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 154102 (2007)). The classification of edge turbulence as chaotic opens the door for further work to understand the underlying process and the impact on turbulent transport.
Incentivized Energy Consumption Adaption in Private Households Facing the Energy Crisis
Creators: name: Scharnhorst, Leandra
name: Sandmeier, Thorben
name: Ardone, Armin
name: Fichtner, Wolf
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: User behaviour
Demand response
Heating comfort
Smart home
Living Lab

description: The ongoing energy crisis led to high energy prices and the call for energy savings in the winter months of 2022 to 2023. As the fulfilment of these demands is directly linked to the people’s well-being, this challenged many households in the colder months. To analyze the interaction and willingness to reduce one’s comfort level with regard to adjusting heating patterns and react to bottlenecks in the electricity supply, a field study was conducted with two tenants living in the living lab Energy Smart Home Lab (ESHL) for a time period of eight weeks. The ESHL combines a smart home with a sophisticated sensor and measurement system. During the experiment, the tenants received calls to action linked to noneconomic and economic incentives to adapt their heating and electricity demand. Their reactions were analysed based on a mixed methods approach utilizing the recorded energy consumption data, temperature set points for the heating system, surveys and interviews. The results indicate a typically high motivation to meet the incentivized adaption in heating and electricity consumption, regarding both economic and non-economic incentives. Especially the reduction of the heating demand does not seem to have challenged the tenants too much. They stated not to have lost comfort despite lowering temperature set points significantly. Not all the calls to action, though, were carried out. Notwithstanding the incentive, the main reasons to ignore the electricity calls to action were social gatherings or pre-planned daily schedules, while maintaining comfort levels served as primary justification for increasing heating.
Profile of multiboson signals
Creators: name: Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the visibility of signals characterised by wide bumps over a smoothly falling background that cannot be accurately predicted by Monte Carlo calculations. Examples of such are the wide bumps that triboson and quadriboson resonance cascade decays would yield in diboson resonance searches in fully hadronic final states. We find that the sensitivity to triboson bumps is rather small: signals of a moderate size could be present in current data and yet remain unnoticed. For quadriboson cascade decays the signals can hardly be distinguished from the background in the current searches.
description: LaTeX 17 pages. v2: fixed typos and comments added; journal version
Lane Management in the Era of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles Considering Sustainability
Creators: name: Seilabi, Sania Esmaeilzadeh
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Transport economics
Transport engineering

description: The last century has witnessed increased urban sprawl, motorization, and the attendant problems of congestion, safety, and emissions associated with current-day transportation systems. Contemporary literature suggests that emerging transportation technologies, including vehicle autonomy and connectivity, offer great promise in addressing these adversities. As such, highway agencies seek guidance on infrastructure preparations for connected and automated vehicle (CAV) operations. A key area of such preparations is the management of lanes to serve CAVs and human-driven vehicles (HDVs), including the deployment of dedicated lanes for CAVs. There is a need to address the demand and supply perspectives of CAV preparations. On the demand side, agencies need to model the trends and uncertainties of CAV market penetration and level of autonomy during the CAV transition period. On the supply side, agencies need to schedule the CAV-related roadway infrastructure in a way that progressively addresses the growing demand. In addressing these research questions, this dissertation first carries out an economics-based lane allocation for CAVs and HDVs in a highway corridor by determining the optimum number of CAVLs by minimizing road user cost. Next, the dissertation carries out such allocation considering the environment (community emissions cost). Third, the dissertation addresses elements of social and economic sustainability using a CAV-enabled tradable credit scheme that minimizes user travel time subject to social equity constraints. Further, this dissertation provides guidance on how CAV-dedicated lanes, in conjunction with market-based tradable travel credits, could enable the road agency to achieve maximum efficiency of the existing road infrastructure in the CAV transition period. The study framework can serve as a valuable decision-support tool for road agencies in their long-term planning and budgeting in anticipation of the CAV transition period. The key outcome of the framework is an optimal schedule for deploying CAV-dedicated lanes over a given analysis period of several decades in a manner commensurate with CAV demand projections and sustainability-related objectives and constraints.
Floquet states in (LaNiO$_3$)$_2$/(LaAlO$_3$)$_N$ heterostructures grown along the (111) direction
Creators: name: Du, Liang
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Floquet-Bloch theory we study the effect of circularly and linearly polarized light on the electronic structure of (LaNiO$_3$)$_2$/(LaAlO$_3$)$_N$ heterostructure grown along the (111) direction. In equilibrium, a tight-binding fit to the first principles band structure shows that nearest-neighbor hopping plays a dominant role while second-neighbor hopping breaks the particle-hole symmetry and determines the finer band features. The four bands of the LaNiO$_3$ bilayer exhibit both quadratic band touching points and Dirac points. By varying the amplitude of the incident light, one can independently tune the first and second-neighbor hopping for fixed frequency, which leads to considerable control over the Floquet band structure. We investigate this control in detail, and study how the quadratic and Dirac band touchings are influenced by the polarization and intensity of the light. We derive effective 2-band Hamiltonians (for both quadratic and Dirac band touching points) that accurately captures these results. We further study an extended model which explicitly includes oxygen $p$-orbitals and compare the results to the effective model that contains only the nickel $d$-orbitals. We conclude with a computation of the frequency dependent optical Hall conductivity using the full four band model and analyze the various inter-band contributions of the Floquet modes.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Higgs Modes in the Pair Density Wave Superconducting State
Creators: name: Soto-Garrido, Rodrigo
name: Wang, Yuxuan
name: Fradkin, Eduardo
name: Cooper, S. Lance
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pair density wave (PDW) superconducting state has been proposed to explain the layer- decoupling effect observed in the compound La$_{2-x}$Ba$_x$CuO$_4$ at $x=1/8$ (Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 127003). In this state the superconducting order parameter is spatially modulated, in contrast with the usual superconducting (SC) state where the order parameter is uniform. In this work, we study the properties of the amplitude (Higgs) modes in a unidirectional PDW state. To this end we consider a phenomenological model of PDW type states coupled to a Fermi surface of fermionic quasiparticles. In contrast to conventional superconductors that have a single Higgs mode, unidirectional PDW superconductors have two Higgs modes. While in the PDW state the Fermi surface largely remains gapless, we find that the damping of the PDW Higgs modes into fermionic quasiparticles requires exceeding an energy threshold. We show that this suppression of damping in the PDW state is due to kinematics. As a result, only one of the two Higgs modes is significantly damped. In addition, motivated by the experimental phase diagram, we discuss the mixing of Higgs modes in the coexistence regime of the PDW and uniform SC states. These results should be observable directly in a Raman spectroscopy, in momentum resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy, and in resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, thus providing evidence of the PDW states.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures; replaced with published version
Antiferromagnetic resonance and terahertz continuum in $α-$RuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Little, A.
name: Wu, Liang
name: Lampen-Kelley, P.
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Patankar, S.
name: Rees, D.
name: Bridges, C. A.
name: Yan, J. -Q.
name: Mandrus, D.
name: Nagler, S. E.
name: Orenstein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of optical absorption in the zig-zag antiferromagnet $α$-RuCl$_3$ as a function of temperature, $T$, magnetic field, $B$, and photon energy, $\hbarω$ in the range $\sim$ 0.3 to 8.3 meV, using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy. Polarized measurements show that 3-fold rotational symmetry is broken in the honeycomb plane from 2 K to 300 K. We find a sharp absorption peak at 2.56 meV upon cooling below the Néel temperature of 7 K at $B=0$ that we identify as magnetic-dipole excitation of a zero-wavevector magnon, or antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR). With application of $B$, the AFMR broadens and shifts to lower frequency as long-range magnetic order is lost in a manner consistent with transitioning to a spin-disordered phase. From direct, internally calibrated measurement of the AFMR spectral weight, we place an upper bound on the contribution to the $dc$ susceptibility from a magnetic excitation continuum.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures in the main text. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett., magnetic field data included. Supplementary information also included
An Immersed Boundary Method with Divergence-Free Velocity Interpolation and Force Spreading
Creators: name: Bao, Yuanxun
name: Donev, Aleksandar
name: Griffith, Boyce E.
name: McQueen, David M.
name: Peskin, Charles S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Immersed Boundary (IB) method is a mathematical framework for constructing robust numerical methods to study fluid-structure interaction in problems involving an elastic structure immersed in a viscous fluid. The IB formulation uses an Eulerian representation of the fluid and a Lagrangian representation of the structure. The Lagrangian and Eulerian frames are coupled by integral transforms with delta function kernels. The discretized IB equations use approximations to these transforms with regularized delta function kernels to interpolate the fluid velocity to the structure, and to spread structural forces to the fluid. It is well-known that the conventional IB method can suffer from poor volume conservation since the interpolated Lagrangian velocity field is not generally divergence-free, and so this can cause spurious volume changes. In practice, the lack of volume conservation is especially pronounced for cases where there are large pressure differences across thin structural boundaries. The aim of this paper is to greatly reduce the volume error of the IB method by introducing velocity-interpolation and force-spreading schemes with the properties that the interpolated velocity field in which the structure moves is at least C1 and satisfies a continuous divergence-free condition, and that the force-spreading operator is the adjoint of the velocity-interpolation operator. We confirm through numerical experiments in two and three spatial dimensions that this new IB method is able to achieve substantial improvement in volume conservation compared to other existing IB methods, at the expense of a modest increase in the computational cost. Further, the new method provides smoother Lagrangian forces (tractions) than traditional IB methods. The method presented here is restricted to periodic computational domains. Its generalization to non-periodic domains is important future work.
description: 49 pages, 13 figures
A defect in holographic interpretations of tensor networks
Creators: name: Czech, Bartlomiej
name: Nguyen, Phuc H.
name: Swaminathan, Sivaramakrishnan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We initiate the study of how tensor networks reproduce properties of static holographic space-times, which are not locally pure anti-de Sitter. We consider geometries that are holographically dual to ground states of defect, interface and boundary CFTs and compare them to the structure of the requisite MERA networks predicted by the theory of minimal updates. When the CFT is deformed, certain tensors require updating. On the other hand, even identical tensors can contribute differently to estimates of entanglement entropies. We interpret these facts holographically by associating tensor updates to turning on non-normalizable modes in the bulk. In passing, we also clarify and complement existing arguments in support of the theory of minimal updates, propose a novel ansatz called rayed MERA that applies to a class of generalized interface CFTs, and analyze the kinematic spaces of the thin wall and AdS3-Janus geometries.
description: v2: changed to match published version
The Circumgalactic Medium of Submillimeter Galaxies. II. Unobscured QSOs within Dusty Starbursts and QSO Sightlines with Impact Parameters below 100 Kiloparsec
Creators: name: Fu, Hai
name: Isbell, Jacob
name: Casey, Caitlin M.
name: Cooray, Asantha
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Scoville, Nick
name: Stockton, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 870um observations of 29 bright Herschel sources near high-redshift QSOs. The observations confirm that 20 of the Herschel sources are submillimeter-bright galaxies (SMGs) and identify 16 new SMG-QSO pairs that are useful to studies of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of SMGs. Eight out of the 20 SMGs are blends of multiple 870um sources. The angular separations for six of the Herschel-QSO pairs are less than 10", comparable to the sizes of the Herschel beam and the ALMA primary beam. We find that four of these six "pairs" are actually QSOs hosted by SMGs. No additional submillimeter companions are detected around these QSOs and the rest-frame ultraviolet spectra of the QSOs show no evidence of significant reddening. Black hole accretion and star formation contribute almost equally in bolometric luminosity in these galaxies. The SMGs hosting QSOs show similar source sizes, dust surface densities, and SFR surface densities as other SMGs in the sample. We find that the black holes are growing $\sim$3$\times$ faster than the galaxies when compared to the present-day black-hole-galaxy mass ratio, suggesting a QSO duty cycle of $\lesssim$30% in SMGs at z ~ 3. The remaining two Herschel-detected QSOs are undetected at 870um but each has an SMG "companion" only 9" and 12" away (71 and 95 kpc at z = 3). They could be either merging or projected pairs. If the former, they would represent a rare class of "wet-dry" mergers. If the latter, the QSOs would, for the first time, probe the CGM of SMGs at impact parameters below 100 kpc.
description: ApJ accepted
Macroscopically constrained Wang-Landau method for systems with multiple order parameters and its application to drawing complex phase diagrams
Creators: name: Chan, Chor-Hoi
name: Brown, Gregory
name: Rikvold, Per Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalized approach to Wang-Landau simulations, macroscopically constrained Wang-Landau, is proposed to simulate the density of states of a system with multiple macroscopic order parameters. The method breaks a multidimensional random-walk process in phase space into many separate, one-dimensional random-walk processes in well-defined subspaces. Each of these random walks is constrained to a different set of values of the macroscopic order parameters. When the multi-variable density of states is obtained for one set of values of field-like model parameters, the density of states for any other values of these parameters can be obtained by a simple transformation of the total system energy. All thermodynamic quantities of the system can then be rapidly calculated at any point in the phase diagram. We demonstrate how to use the multi-variable density of states to draw the phase diagram, as well as order-parameter probability distributions at specific phase points, for a model spin-crossover material: an antiferromagnetic Ising model with ferromagnetic long-range interactions. The field-like parameters in this model are an effective magnetic field and the strength of the long-range interaction.
description: 35 pages, 11 figures
Equilibration properties of small quantum systems: further examples
Creators: name: Luck, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been proposed to investigate the equilibration properties of a small isolated quantum system by means of the matrix of asymptotic transition probabilities in some preferential basis. The trace $T$ of this matrix measures the degree of equilibration of the system prepared in a typical state of the preferential basis. This quantity may vary between unity (ideal equilibration) and the dimension $N$ of the Hilbert space (no equilibration at all). Here we analyze several examples of simple systems where the behavior of $T$ can be investigated by analytical means. We first study the statistics of $T$ when the Hamiltonian governing the dynamics is random and drawn from a distribution invariant under the group U$(N)$ or O$(N)$. We then investigate a quantum spin $S$ in a tilted magnetic field making an arbitrary angle with the preferred quantization axis, as well as a tight-binding particle on a finite electrified chain. The last two cases provide examples of the interesting situation where varying a system parameter -- such as the tilt angle or the electric field -- through some scaling regime induces a continuous transition from good to bad equilibration properties.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Charge-induced electrochemical actuation of armchair carbon nanotube bundles
Creators: name: Hung, Nguyen T.
name: Nugraha, Ahmad R. T.
name: Saito, Riichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of charge doping on the structural deformation and on the electronic structure of armchair single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles are investigated through first-principles calculations. In particular, we select a (6; 6) SWNT as an example and we calculate a mechanical deformation in the SWNT bundles as a function of gate voltage, which could serve as a basis of the electromechanical actuators in an artificial muscle. We find that the magnitudes of the actuation responses such as strain and stress of the (6; 6) SWNT bundle in the case of hole doping are substantially larger than those of electron doping. The (6; 6) SWNT bundle also exhibits a low-symmetry and opens an energy band gap of about 0.41 eV around the charge neutral condition, which allows a semiconductor-to-metal transition in the electron-doping regime when the relative shift of the Fermi energy goes up to 0.60 eV, above which the Young modulus increases.
On the family of 0/1-polytopes with NP-complete non-adjacency relation
Creators: name: Maksimenko, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 1995 T. Matsui considered a special family 0/1-polytopes for which the problem of recognizing the non-adjacency of two arbitrary vertices is NP-complete. In 2012 the author of this paper established that all the polytopes of this family are present as faces in the polytopes associated with the following NP-complete problems: the traveling salesman problem, the 3-satisfiability problem, the knapsack problem, the set covering problem, the partial ordering problem, the cube subgraph problem, and some others. In particular, it follows that for these families the non-adjacency relation is also NP-complete. On the other hand, it is known that the vertex adjacency criterion is polynomial for polytopes of the following NP-complete problems: the maximum independent set problem, the set packing and the set partitioning problem, the three-index assignment problem. It is shown that none of the polytopes of the above-mentioned special family (with the exception of a one-dimensional segment) can be the face of polytopes associated with the problems of the maximum independent set, of a set packing and partitioning, and of 3-assignments.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
The Challenge of Spin-Orbit-Tuned Ground States in Iridates
Creators: name: Cao, Gang
name: Schlottmann, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of spin-orbit interactions in condensed matter are an important and rapidly evolving topic. Strong competition between spin-orbit, on-site Coulomb and crystalline electric field interactions in iridates drives exotic quantum states that are unique to this group of materials. In particular, the Jeff = 1/2 Mott state served as an early signal that the combined effect of strong spin-orbit and Coulomb interactions in iridates has unique, intriguing consequences. In this Key Issues Review, we survey some current experimental studies of iridates. In essence, these materials tend to defy conventional wisdom: absence of conventional correlations between magnetic and insulating states, avoidance of metallization at high pressures, S-shaped I-V characteristic, emergence of an odd-parity hidden order, etc. It is particularly intriguing that there exist conspicuous discrepancies between current experimental results and theoretical proposals that address superconducting, topological and quantum spin liquid phases. This class of materials, in which the lattice degrees of freedom play a critical role seldom seen in other materials, evidently presents some profound intellectual challenges that call for more investigations both experimentally and theoretically. Physical properties unique to these materials may help unlock a world of possibilities for functional materials and devices. We emphasize that, given the rapidly developing nature of this field, this Key Issues Review is by no means an exhaustive report of the current state of experimental studies of iridates.
description: 58 pages, and 29 figure; Key Issues Review
Trois Sonates [in B-Dur, C-Dur, D-Dur] Pour Clavecin Ou Forté-Piano Avec Accompagnement de Violon : Œuvre IX
Creators: name: Dussek, Johann Ladislaus
Publisher: name: Sieber
Year: 1815

description: Bd. 1 Klavierstimme
description: Bd. 2 Violinstimme
Trois Sonates : [B-Dur, d-moll, C-Dur] : pour Piano-Forte, Violon & Violoncelle : Œuvre 1.er
Creators: name: Boccherini, Luigi
Publisher: name: Pleyel & Fils aîné
Year: 1810

description: tirées des nouveaux Quintetti de Luigi Boccherini par I[gna]ce Pleyel
Involutive representations of coordinate algebras and quantum spaces
Creators: name: Jurić, Tajron
name: Poulain, Timothé
name: Wallet, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that $\frak{su}(2)$ Lie algebras of coordinate operators related to quantum spaces with $\frak{su}(2)$ noncommutativity can be conveniently represented by $SO(3)$-covariant poly-differential involutive representations. We show that the quantized plane waves obtained from the quantization map action on the usual exponential functions are determined by polar decomposition of operators combined with constraint stemming from the Wigner theorem for $SU(2)$. Selecting a subfamily of $^*$-representations, we show that the resulting star-product is equivalent to the Kontsevich product for the Poisson manifold dual to the finite dimensional Lie algebra $\mathfrak{su}(2)$. We discuss the results, indicating a way to extend the construction to any semi-simple non simply connected Lie group and present noncommutative scalar field theories which are free from perturbative UV/IR mixing.
description: 29 pages, several paragraphs added, published in JHEP
Possible Evidence for the Stochastic Acceleration of Secondary Antiprotons by Supernova Remnants
Creators: name: Cholis, Ilias
name: Hooper, Dan
name: Linden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The antiproton-to-proton ratio in the cosmic-ray spectrum is a sensitive probe of new physics. Using recent measurements of the cosmic-ray antiproton and proton fluxes in the energy range of 1-1000 GeV, we study the contribution to the $\bar{p}/p$ ratio from secondary antiprotons that are produced and subsequently accelerated within individual supernova remnants. We consider several well-motivated models for cosmic-ray propagation in the interstellar medium and marginalize our results over the uncertainties related to the antiproton production cross section and the time-, charge-, and energy-dependent effects of solar modulation. We find that the increase in the $\bar{p}/p$ ratio observed at rigidities above $\sim$ 100 GV cannot be accounted for within the context of conventional cosmic-ray propagation models, but is consistent with scenarios in which cosmic-ray antiprotons are produced and subsequently accelerated by shocks within a given supernova remnant. In light of this, the acceleration of secondary cosmic rays in supernova remnants is predicted to substantially contribute to the cosmic-ray positron spectrum, accounting for a significant fraction of the observed positron excess.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and 4 tables. Changes in v2: extended discussion on the method, title and some text revisions, all in agreement with final published PRD version. Results unchanged
Reentrant phase transitions of higher-dimensional AdS black holes in dRGT massive gravity
Creators: name: Zou, De-Cheng
name: Yue, Ruihong
name: Zhang, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the $P-V$ criticality and phase transition in the extended phase space of anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes in higher-dimensional de Rham, Gabadadze and Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity, treating the cosmological constant as pressure and the corresponding conjugate quantity is interpreted as thermodynamic volume. Besides the usual small/large black hole phase transitions, the interesting thermodynamic phenomena of reentrant phase transitions (RPTs) are observed for black holes in all $d\geq6$-dimensional spacetime when the coupling coefficients $c_i m^2$ of massive potential satisfy some certain conditions.
description: 14 pages, several references are added, v2: published in EPJC
Analytic continuation with Padé decomposition
Creators: name: Han, Xing-Jie
name: Liao, Hai-Jun
name: Xie, Hai-Dong
name: Huang, Rui-Zhen
name: Meng, Zi Yang
name: Xiang, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ill-posed analytic continuation problem for Green's functions or self-energies can be done using the Padé rational polynomial approximation. However, to extract accurate results from this approximation, high precision input data of the Matsubara Green's function are needed. The calculation of the Matsubara Green's function generally involves a Matsubara frequency summation which cannot be evaluated analytically. Numerical summation is requisite but it converges slowly with the increase of the Matsubara frequency. Here we show that this slow convergence problem can be significantly improved by utilizing the Padé decomposition approach to replace the Matsubara frequency summation by a Padé frequency summation, and high precision input data can be obtained to successfully perform the Padé analytic continuation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
One-electron atoms in screened modified gravity
Creators: name: Wong, Leong Khim
name: Davis, Anne-Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a large class of scalar-tensor theories that are potential candidates for dark energy, a nonminimal coupling between the scalar and the photon is possible. The presence of such an interaction grants us the exciting prospect of directly observing dark sector phenomenology in the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper investigates the behavior of one-electron atoms in this class of modified gravity models, exploring their viability as probes of deviations from general relativity in both laboratory and astrophysical settings. Building heavily on earlier studies, our main contribution is threefold: A thorough analysis finds additional fine-structure corrections previously unaccounted for, which now predict a contribution to the Lamb shift that is larger by nearly 4 orders of magnitude. In addition, they also predict a scalar-mediated photon-photon interaction, which now constrains the scalar's coupling to the photon independently of the matter coupling. This was not previously possible with atomic precision tests. Our updated constraints are $\log_{10}β_m \lesssim 13.4$ and $\log_{10}β_γ\lesssim 19.0$ for the matter and photon coupling, respectively, although these remain uncompetitive with bounds from other experiments. Second, we include the effects of the nuclear magnetic moment, allowing for the study of hyperfine structure and the 21 cm line, which hitherto have been unexplored in this context. Finally, we also examine how a background scalar leads to equivalence principle violations.
description: Minor updates to match PRD version
A New Torsion Pendulum for Gravitational Reference Sensor Technology Development
Creators: name: Ciani, Giacomo
name: Chilton, Andrew
name: Apple, Stephen
name: Olatunde, Taiwo
name: Aitken, Michael
name: Mueller, Guido
name: Conklin, John W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the design and sensitivity of a new torsion pendulum for measuring the performance of ultra-precise inertial sensors and for the development of associated technologies for space-based gravitational wave observatories and geodesy missions. The apparatus comprises a 1 m-long, 50 um-diameter, tungsten fiber that supports an inertial member inside a vacuum system. The inertial member is an aluminum crossbar with four hollow cubic test masses at each end. This structure converts the rotation of the torsion pendulum into translation of the test masses. Two test masses are enclosed in capacitive sensors which provide readout and actuation. These test masses are electrically insulated from the rest of the cross-bar and their electrical charge is controlled by photoemission using fiber-coupled ultraviolet light emitting diodes. The capacitive readout measures the test mass displacement with a broadband sensitivity of 30 nm / sqrt(Hz), and is complemented by a laser interferometer with a sensitivity of about 0.5 nm / sqrt(Hz). The performance of the pendulum, as determined by the measured residual torque noise and expressed in terms of equivalent force acting on a single test mass, is roughly 200 fN / sqrt(Hz) around 2 mHz, which is about a factor of 20 above the thermal noise limit of the fiber.
Statistical Anomaly Detection via Composite Hypothesis Testing for Markov Models
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Paschalidis, Ioannis Ch.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Under Markovian assumptions, we leverage a Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for the empirical measure in the test statistic of the composite hypothesis Hoeffding test so as to establish weak convergence results for the test statistic, and, thereby, derive a new estimator for the threshold needed by the test. We first show the advantages of our estimator over an existing estimator by conducting extensive numerical experiments. We find that our estimator controls better for false alarms while maintaining satisfactory detection probabilities. We then apply the Hoeffding test with our threshold estimator to detecting anomalies in two distinct applications domains: one in communication networks and the other in transportation networks. The former application seeks to enhance cyber security and the latter aims at building smarter transportation systems in cities.
description: Preprint submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
An IoT Endpoint System-on-Chip for Secure and Energy-Efficient Near-Sensor Analytics
Creators: name: Conti, Francesco
name: Schilling, Robert
name: Schiavone, Pasquale Davide
name: Pullini, Antonio
name: Rossi, Davide
name: Gürkaynak, Frank Kagan
name: Muehlberghuber, Michael
name: Gautschi, Michael
name: Loi, Igor
name: Haugou, Germain
name: Mangard, Stefan
name: Benini, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Near-sensor data analytics is a promising direction for IoT endpoints, as it minimizes energy spent on communication and reduces network load - but it also poses security concerns, as valuable data is stored or sent over the network at various stages of the analytics pipeline. Using encryption to protect sensitive data at the boundary of the on-chip analytics engine is a way to address data security issues. To cope with the combined workload of analytics and encryption in a tight power envelope, we propose Fulmine, a System-on-Chip based on a tightly-coupled multi-core cluster augmented with specialized blocks for compute-intensive data processing and encryption functions, supporting software programmability for regular computing tasks. The Fulmine SoC, fabricated in 65nm technology, consumes less than 20mW on average at 0.8V achieving an efficiency of up to 70pJ/B in encryption, 50pJ/px in convolution, or up to 25MIPS/mW in software. As a strong argument for real-life flexible application of our platform, we show experimental results for three secure analytics use cases: secure autonomous aerial surveillance with a state-of-the-art deep CNN consuming 3.16pJ per equivalent RISC op; local CNN-based face detection with secured remote recognition in 5.74pJ/op; and seizure detection with encrypted data collection from EEG within 12.7pJ/op.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication to the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - I: Regular Papers
On the Unhappiness of Software Developers
Creators: name: Graziotin, Daniel
name: Fagerholm, Fabian
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Abrahamsson, Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The happy-productive worker thesis states that happy workers are more productive. Recent research in software engineering supports the thesis, and the ideal of flourishing happiness among software developers is often expressed among industry practitioners. However, the literature suggests that a cost-effective way to foster happiness and productivity among workers could be to limit unhappiness. Psychological disorders such as job burnout and anxiety could also be reduced by limiting the negative experiences of software developers. Simultaneously, a baseline assessment of (un)happiness and knowledge about how developers experience it are missing. In this paper, we broaden the understanding of unhappiness among software developers in terms of (1) the software developer population distribution of (un)happiness, and (2) the causes of unhappiness while developing software. We conducted a large-scale quantitative and qualitative survey, incorporating a psychometrically validated instrument for measuring (un)happiness, with 2220 developers, yielding a rich and balanced sample of 1318 complete responses. Our results indicate that software developers are a slightly happy population, but the need for limiting the unhappiness of developers remains. We also identified 219 factors representing causes of unhappiness while developing software. Our results, which are available as open data, can act as guidelines for practitioners in management positions and developers in general for fostering happiness on the job. We suggest considering happiness in future studies of both human and technical aspects in software engineering.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure. Final version. Accepted for presentation at the 21st International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE'17)
Effects of charge noise on a pulse-gated singlet-triplet $S-T_-$ qubit
Creators: name: Qi, Zhenyi
name: Wu, X.
name: Ward, D. R.
name: Prance, J. R.
name: Kim, Dohun
name: Gamble, John King
name: Mohr, R. T.
name: Shi, Zhan
name: Savage, D. E.
name: Lagally, M. G.
name: Eriksson, M. A.
name: Friesen, Mark
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
name: Vavilov, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a pulse-gated semiconductor double quantum dot qubit. In our experiments, the qubit coherence times are relatively long, but the visibility of the quantum oscillations is low. We show that these observations are consistent with a theory that incorporates decoherence arising from charge noise that gives rise to detuning fluctuations of the double dot. Because effects from charge noise are largest near the singlet-triplet avoided level crossing, the visibility of the oscillations are low when the singlet-triplet avoided level crossing occurs in the vicinity of the charge degeneracy point crossed during the manipulation, but there is only modest dephasing at the large detuning value at which the quantum phase accumulates. This theory agrees well with experimental data and predicts that the visibility can be increased greatly by appropriate tuning of the interdot tunneling rate.