Saturnus obscurior Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Saturnus
Saturnus obscurior

description: Saturnus obscurior Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 6DBB3DEA-776E-42D3-8940-41664259C043  
(Fig. 6 part, 159–160, 386–387)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Costa Rica and Panama identified as Saturnus obscurus (E. Bell, 1941) (type locality in Panama, holotype sequenced as NVG-18026E04) show prominent genetic differentiation from it in the Z chromosome (Fig. 6), although their COI barcodes differ by only 1.2% (8 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to “ Saturnus tiberius obscurus ” (L.1.4(a)) in Evans (1955) but differs from it by being darker overall, e.g., ventral hindwing in males lacks the large yellow patch and is only tinted in yellow: in the middle, along the veins and as a series of postdiscal spots; forewing yellow spots are more widely separated from each other. Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly499.34.3: T132 C, aly1838.37.3:A57G, aly2011.20.4:C183 T, aly 1113.2.10:C121 T, aly1603.31.2:C163A, and COI barcode: T193 T, A217 A, 235 T, A607 C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19024A12, GenBank OR837694, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATACTAGGAACATCTTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACAGAATTAGGAAATCCAGGTTCTTTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACTGCCCATGCATTTATTATAATTTTTTTCATAGTAATACCAATCATAATTGGAGGTTTTGGTAATT GATTAGTACCATTAATATTAGGAGCCCCTGATATAGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAACATAAGATTTTGAATACTTCCCCCTTCATTAATATTATTAAT TTCAAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCTGGTACTGGTTGAACAGTTTACCCCCCTCTTTCTGCTAATATTGCACATCAAGGAGCATCTGTAGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCACTTCATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAGAAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCCTTATTTGTATGATCAGTTGGTATTACTGCATTACTTTTACTTTTATCCTTACCTGTTTTAGCAGGGGCTATCACTATACTCTT AACTGATCGAAATCTTAATACATCCTTTTTTGATCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGACCCAATCCTCTATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 159–160, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [PANAMA: Darien | Cana 400m | 27.VI.1981 | Leg. G. B. Small], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19024A12 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01532899], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Saturnus | obscurior Grishin]. Paratypes: 2♂♂ [USNM]: NVG-17106B04, 12-SRNP-1268 Costa Rica, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela Prov., Sector San Cristobal, Sendero Huerta, 527 m, GPS 10.9305, -85.3722 eclosed 26-Apr-2012; NVG-19024B01, USNMENT_01532900 Panama: Panama Province, Madden Forest Preserve, 6-Feb-1968, S. S. Nicolay leg., genitalia H337 prep. S. S. Nicolay.   
 Type locality. Panama: Darien Province, Cana, elevation 400 m.   
 Etymology. In Latin, obscurior means darker, dimmer, duskier, or more obscure. The name is given for the darker appearance of this species due to the loss of paler coloration. The name is a comparative adjective treated as a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. Costa Rica and Panama.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362