cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Theory of tunneling conductance of graphene NIS junctions
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Subhro
name: Maiti, Moitri
name: Sengupta, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the tunneling conductance of a graphene normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junction with a barrier of thickness $d$ and with an arbitrary voltage $V_0$ applied across the barrier region. We demonstrate that the tunneling conductance of such a NIS junction is an oscillatory function of both $d$ and $V_0$. We also show that the periodicity and amplitude of such oscillations deviate from their universal values in the thin barrier limit as obtained in earlier work [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97}, 217001 (2006)] and become a function of the applied voltage $V_0$. Our results reproduces the earlier results on tunneling conductance of such junctions in the thin [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97}, 217001 (2006)] and zero [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 97}, 067007 (2006)] barrier limits as special limiting cases. We discuss experimental relevance of our results.
description: Revised version
Zyras obliquus
Creators: name: Webster, Reginald
name: Klimaszewski, Jan
name: Pelletier, Georges
name: Savard, Karine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Zyras
Zyras obliquus

description: Zyras (s. str.) obliquus (Casey, 1894) Fig 57, Map 57 New Records. CANADA, New Brunswick, Kent Co., Kouchibouguac Nat. Park, 16.VI.1978, D.B. Lyons (1 sex undetermined, CNC). Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB (Klimaszewski et al. 2005; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007). Map 57. Collection localities in New Brunswick, Canada of Zygras obliquus. Figures 58–60. Genital structures of Amarochara formicina: 58 tergite 8 59 sternite 8 60 spermatheca. Scale = 0.5 mm. mm Figures 6Į–69. Genital structures of Myllaena species: 61-63 (M. kaskaskia): 6Į median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 62 median lobe of aedeagus in laterial view 63 spermatheca; 64–66 (M. procidua): 64 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 65 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 66 spermatheca; 67–69 (M. vulpina): 67 median lobe of aedeagus in dorsal view 68 median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view 69 spermatheca. Scale = 0.5 mm.
description: Published as part of Webster, Reginald, Klimaszewski, Jan, Pelletier, Georges & Savard, Karine, 2009, New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada. I. Aleocharinae, pp. 171-248 in ZooKeys 22 (22) on pages 240-241, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.22.152, http://zenodo.org/record/576537
description: {"references": ["Casey TL (1894) Coleopterological notices. V. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 7: 281 - 606.", "Klimaszewski J, Sweeney J, Price J, Pelletier G (2005) Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species. Th e Canadian Entomologist 137: 1 - 48.", "Gouix N, Klimaszewski J (2007) Catalogue of Aleocharine Rove Beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 165 pp."]}
VLT spectroscopy of blue supergiants in IC 1613
Creators: name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Urbaneja, Miguel A.
name: Gieren, Wolfgang
name: Pietrzynski, Grzegorz
name: Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-object spectroscopy of young, massive stars in the Local Group galaxy IC 1613. We provide the spectral classification and a detailed spectral catalog for 54 OBA stars in this galaxy. The majority of the photometrically selected sample is composed of B- and A-type supergiants. The remaining stars include early O-type dwarfs and the only Wolf-Rayet star known in this galaxy. Among the early B stars we have serendipitously uncovered 6 Be stars, the largest spectroscopically confirmed sample of this class of objects beyond the Magellanic Clouds. We measure chemical abundances for 9 early-B supergiants, and find a mean oxygen abundance of 12+log(O/H)=7.90 +/- 0.08. This value is consistent with the result we obtain for two HII regions in which we detect the temperature-sensitive [OIII]4363 auroral line.
description: 17 pages, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Quenching, Mergers and Age Profiles for z=2 Galaxies in IllustrisTNG
Creators: name: Pathak, Debosmita
name: Belli, Sirio
name: Weinberger, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the IllustrisTNG cosmological galaxy formation simulations, we analyze the physical properties of young quiescent galaxies at z=2 with stellar masses above 10^10.5 solar masses. This key population provides an unaltered probe into the evolution of galaxies from star-forming to quiescent and has been recently targeted by several observational studies. Young quiescent galaxies in the simulations do not appear unusually compact, in tension with observations, but they show unique age gradients that are qualitatively consistent with the observed color gradients. In particular, more than half of the simulated young quiescent galaxies show positive age profiles due to recent intense central starbursts, which are triggered by significant mergers. Yet, there is a sizable population of recently quenched galaxies without significant mergers and with flat age profiles. Our results suggest that mergers play a fundamental role in structural transformation, but are not the only available pathway to quench a z=2 galaxy.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, code publicly available at: https://github.com/pathakde/Pathak_2021 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5093727)
Structure formation in the presence of dark energy perturbations
Creators: name: Abramo, L. R.
name: Batista, R. C.
name: Liberato, L.
name: Rosenfeld, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study non-linear structure formation in the presence of dark energy. The influence of dark energy on the growth of large-scale cosmological structures is exerted both through its background effect on the expansion rate, and through its perturbations as well. In order to compute the rate of formation of massive objects we employ the Spherical Collapse formalism, which we generalize to include fluids with pressure. We show that the resulting non-linear evolution equations are identical to the ones obtained in the Pseudo-Newtonian approach to cosmological perturbations, in the regime where an equation of state serves to describe both the background pressure relative to density, and the pressure perturbations relative to the density perturbations as well. We then consider a wide range of constant and time-dependent equations of state (including phantom models) parametrized in a standard way, and study their impact on the non-linear growth of structure. The main effect is the formation of dark energy structure associated with the dark matter halo: non-phantom equations of state induce the formation of a dark energy halo, damping the growth of structures; phantom models, on the other hand, generate dark energy voids, enhancing structure growth. Finally, we employ the Press-Schechter formalism to compute how dark energy affects the number of massive objects as a function of redshift.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures. Matches published version, with caption of Fig. 6 corrected
บทวิจารณ์หนังสือ Giroux, H.A. (2013). On Critical Pedagogy. New York and London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Creators: name: ออมสิน จตุพร
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2019
Subjects: -

description: วารสารศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, 19, 1, 196-210
Wave-front tracking for a quasi-linear scalar conservation law with hysteresis
Creators: name: Bagagiolo, Fabio
name: Moreti, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F25, 47J40

description: In this article we deal with the Cauchy problem for the quasi-linear scalar conservation law \[u_t+ {\cal F}(u)_t+u_x=0,\] where ${\cal F}$ is a specific hysteresis operator, namely the Play operator. Hysteresis models a rate-independent memory relationship between the input $u$ and its output. Its presence in the partial differential equation gives a particular non-local feature to the latter allowing us to capture phenomena that may arise in some application fields. Riemann problems and the interactions between shock lines are studied and via the so-called Wave-Front Tracking method a solution to the Cauchy problem with bounded variation initial data is constructed. The solution found satisfies an entropy-like condition, making it the unique solution in the class of entropy admissible ones.
Les romans de Robbe-Grillet: evolution ou revolution?
Creators: name: Majzub, Neda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Tous les romans de Robbe-Grillet sont plus ou moins des variations a partir d'un meme texte initial. Robbe-Grillet etablit les elements essentiels dans ses premiers romans, pour jouer dans chaque oeuvre suivante avec ces elements en changeant leur ordre et leur degre d'importance dans le texte. Chaque variation cree un ouvrage original et unique. Le texte evolue par sa revolution. Nous avons le re tour d'un socle narratif et d'une structure narrative. L'unite est creee au moyen de la repetition des elements. Pour Robbe-Grillet c'est la forme qui definit le contenu, c'est la maniere de dire qui constitue le projet de l'ecrivain. Le roman n'est plus l'ecriture d'une aventure, mais l'aventure de l'ecriture, comme le dit Jean Ricardou. La repetition, le retour des elements narratifs, des objets, des personnages et des themes est la base de la forme robbe-grilletienne. Des Les Gommes (1953), le premier roman publie de Robbe-Grillet, Jusqu'a Djlnn. (1981) ou la repetition atteint son paroxysme, je vais etudier les phenomenes de la repetition et de la revolution du texte robbe-grilletien.
Construction and purpose of effective field theories for frustrated magnetic order
Creators: name: Oppermann, R.
name: Schmidt, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reviews recent years' progress in the low temperature analysis of standard models of spin glass order such as the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick (SK) model. Applications to CdTe/CdMnTe layered systems and explanation of glassy antiferromagnetic order at lowest temperatures stimulated us to study in detail the beautifully complex physical effects of replica symmetry breaking (RSB).We discuss analytical ideas based on highly precise numerical data which lead to the construction of relatively simple effective field theories for the SK model and help to understand the mysterious features of its exact solution. The goal is to find construction principles for the theory of interplay between frustrated magnetic order and various relevant physical degrees of freedom. The emphasis in this article is on the role of Parisi's RSB, which surprisingly creates critical phenomena in the low temperature limit despite the absence of a standard phase transition.
description: Published online in Physica Status Solidi C (June 4 2007)
Generating synthetic light-adapted electroretinogram waveforms using Artificial Intelligence to improve classification of retinal conditions in under-represented populations
Creators: name: Kulyabin, Mikhail
name: Zhdanov, Aleksei
name: Maier, Andreas
name: Loh, Lynne
name: Estevez, Jose J.
name: Constable, Paul A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Visual electrophysiology is often used clinically to determine functional changes associated with retinal or neurological conditions. The full-field flash electroretinogram (ERG) assesses the global contribution of the outer and inner retinal layers initiated by the rods and cone pathways depending on the state of retinal adaptation. Within clinical centers reference normative data are used to compare with clinical cases that may be rare or underpowered within a specific demographic. To bolster either reference or case datasets the application of synthetic ERG waveforms may offer benefits to disease classification and case-control studies. In this study and as a proof of concept, artificial intelligence (AI) to generate synthetic signals using Generative Adversarial Networks is deployed to up-scale male participants within an ISCEV reference dataset containing 68 participants, with waveforms from the right and left eye. Random Forest Classifiers further improved classification for sex within the group from a balanced accuracy of 0.72 to 0.83 with the added synthetic male waveforms. This is the first study to demonstrate the generation of synthetic ERG waveforms to improve machine learning classification modelling with electroretinogram waveforms.
Constitutive modeling of dilute wormlike micelle solutions: shear-induced structure and transient dynamics
Creators: name: Hommel, Richard J.
name: Graham, Michael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a reformulation of the 'reactive rod model' (RRM) of Dutta and Graham [Dutta, Sarit and Graham, Michael D., JNNFM 251 (2018)], a constitutive model for describing the behavior of dilute wormlike micelle solutions. The RRM treats wormlike micelle solutions as dilute suspensions of rigid Brownian rods undergoing reversible scission and growth in flow. Evolution equations for micelle orientation and stress contribution are coupled to a kinetic reaction equation for a collective micelle length, producing dynamic variations in the length and rotational diffusivity of the rods. This model has previously shown success in capturing many critical steady-state rheological features of dilute wormlike micelle solutions, particularly shear-thickening and -thinning, non-zero normal stress differences, and a reentrant shear stress-shear rate curve, and could fit a variety of steady state experimental data. The present work improves on this framework, which showed difficulty in capturing transient dynamics and high-shear behavior, by reformulating the kinetic equation for micelle growth on a more microstructural (though still highly idealized) basis. In particular, we allow for micelle growth associated with strong alignment of rods and breakage due to tensile stresses along the micelles. This new formulation captures both steady and transient shear rheology in good agreement with experiments. We also find good agreement with available steady state extensional rheology.
description: Accepted to JNNFM
Equivariant Bundles and Isotropy Representations
Creators: name: Hambleton, Ian
name: Hausmann, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R91, 55R15, 22A22

description: We introduce a new construction, the isotropy groupoid, to organize the orbit data for split $Γ$-spaces. We show that equivariant principal $G$-bundles over split $Γ$-CW complexes $X$ can be effectively classified by means of representations of their isotropy groupoids. For instance, if the quotient complex $A=Γ\backslash X$ is a graph, with all edge stabilizers toral subgroups of $Γ$, we obtain a purely combinatorial classification of bundles with structural group $G$ a compact connected Lie group. If $G$ is abelian, our approach gives combinatorial and geometric descriptions of some results of Lashof-May-Segal and Goresky-Kottwitz-MacPherson.
description: Final version: to appear in "Groups, Geometry and Dynamics"
Anomalous thermal relaxation of Langevin particles in a piecewise-constant potential
Creators: name: Walker, Matthew
name: Vucelja, Marija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the thermal relaxation of a particle in a piecewise-constant potential landscape subject to thermal fluctuations in the overdamped limit. We study the connection between the occurrence of the Mpemba effect, the presence of metastable states, and phase transitions as a function of the potential. We find that the Mpemba effect exists even in cases without metastable states. In the considered physical system, the borders of the areas where the effect happens correspond to either eigenvector changes of direction or to phase transitions. Finally, we discuss the topological aspects of the strong Mpemba effect and propose using topology to search for the Mpemba effect in a physical system.
STORM: An Integrated Framework for Fast Joint-Space Model-Predictive Control for Reactive Manipulation
Creators: name: Bhardwaj, Mohak
name: Sundaralingam, Balakumar
name: Mousavian, Arsalan
name: Ratliff, Nathan
name: Fox, Dieter
name: Ramos, Fabio
name: Boots, Byron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sampling-based model-predictive control (MPC) is a promising tool for feedback control of robots with complex, non-smooth dynamics, and cost functions. However, the computationally demanding nature of sampling-based MPC algorithms has been a key bottleneck in their application to high-dimensional robotic manipulation problems in the real world. Previous methods have addressed this issue by running MPC in the task space while relying on a low-level operational space controller for joint control. However, by not using the joint space of the robot in the MPC formulation, existing methods cannot directly account for non-task space related constraints such as avoiding joint limits, singular configurations, and link collisions. In this paper, we develop a system for fast, joint space sampling-based MPC for manipulators that is efficiently parallelized using GPUs. Our approach can handle task and joint space constraints while taking less than 8ms~(125Hz) to compute the next control command. Further, our method can tightly integrate perception into the control problem by utilizing learned cost functions from raw sensor data. We validate our approach by deploying it on a Franka Panda robot for a variety of dynamic manipulation tasks. We study the effect of different cost formulations and MPC parameters on the synthesized behavior and provide key insights that pave the way for the application of sampling-based MPC for manipulators in a principled manner. We also provide highly optimized, open-source code to be used by the wider robot learning and control community. Videos of experiments can be found at: https://sites.google.com/view/manipulation-mpc
description: Accepted for oral presentation at the Conference on Robot Learning (CoRL), 2021. Code available at: https://github.com/NVlabs/storm
On multidimensional item response theory -- a coordinate free approach
Creators: name: Antal, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H05 (Primary) 62P25 (Secondary)

description: A coordinate system free definition of complex structure multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) for dichotomously scored items is presented. The point of view taken emphasizes the possibilities and subtleties of understanding MIRT as a multidimensional extension of the ``classical'' unidimensional item response theory models. The main theorem of the paper is that every monotonic MIRT model looks the same; they are all trivial extensions of univariate item response theory.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-EJS016 in the Electronic Journal of Statistics (http://www.i-journals.org/ejs/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Digital Contact Tracing: Overview of technological solutions for the fight against pandemics
Creators: name: Laoudias, Christos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: In late 2019, Covid-19 emerged and was soon declared a pandemic causing until now a massive health disruption and a huge impact on the global economy. Several governments around the world are still forced to take containment measures to curb the spread of the virus including partial or full lockdowns. At the same time, they rely heavily on human resources to perform manual Contact Tracing (CT) for alerting known contacts of the confirmed cases and breaking the infection chains early enough. However, CT does not scale well when the cases increase exponentially, due to the limited capacity of national public health authorities, and cannot identify possible hidden infections due to random encounters with strangers in crowded spaces such as restaurants, bars, theaters, public transportation, etc. To this end, Digital Contact Tracing (DCT) is becoming increasingly popular to enhance and empower CT, enabling automatic and faster identification and notification of exposed users. This presentation will first overview the different generations of DCT solutions from the privacy-invasive use of subscriber location data provided by cellular operators, to location monitoring mobile apps on GPS-equipped smartphones, to privacy-preserving mobile apps based on proximity sensing through Bluetooth. It will discuss the findings of recent studies with regards to the effectiveness of DCT and debate whether it has been – or has the potential to become – a game changer. Finally, it will outline the latest developments and trends in this active research field that are of interest to the IPIN community including presence tracing that aims to notify anonymously those users that have been in the same place (especially indoors) with an infected user, without necessarily satisfying the proximity constraint.
description: Keynote @ 2021 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.
Deliverable 2.1 Collaborative platform technical description
Creators: name: Cvijanović, Vladimir
name: Reid, Alasdair
name: Harris, Nicole
name: Schofield, Brook
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Privacy and Trust Enhancing Technologies
Human Centric Internet

description: This report provides a short description of the collaborative platform used by the NGI_TRUST project which has been developed as a Wiki with both public facing and password protected pages, the latter used by the project team to manage third party projects and exchange information.
A simple description of the states $0^+$ and $2^+$ in $^{168}Er$
Creators: name: Raduta, A. A.
name: Aaron, F. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sixth-order quadrupole boson Hamiltonian is used to describe 26 states $0^+$ and 67 states $2^+$ which have been recently identified in $^{168}Er$. Two closed expressions are alternatively used for energy levels. One corresponds to a semi-classical approach while the other one represents the exact eigenvalue of the model Hamiltonian. The semi-classical expression involves four parameters, while the exact eigenvalue is determined by five parameters. In each of the two descriptions a least square fit procedure is adopted. Both expressions provide a surprisingly good agreement with the experimental data.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Note on electromagnetic memories
Creators: name: Mao, Pujian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we provide a tractable example of a polyhomogeneous solution space for electromagnetism at null infinity in four dimensions. The memory effect for electromagnetism is then derived from the polyhomogeneous solution space. We also comment on the connection between the electromagnetic memories and asymptotic symmetries.
description: v2: minor revision with several issues clarified
Sylvester's Minorant Criterion, Lagrange-Beltrami Identity, and Nonnegative Definiteness
Creators: name: Ghorpade, Sudhir R.
name: Limaye, Balmohan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A57; 15A15; 15A63; 15A18; 11E25

description: We consider the characterizations of positive definite as well as nonnegative definite quadratic forms in terms of the principal minors of the associated symmetric matrix. We briefly review some of the known proofs, including a classical approach via the Lagrange-Beltrami identity. For quadratic forms in up to 3 variables, we give an elementary and self-contained proof of Sylvester's Criterion for positive definiteness as well as for nonnegative definiteness. In the process, we obtain an explicit version of Lagrange-Beltrami identity for ternary quadratic forms.
description: 6 pages
$R_{D^{(*)}}$ and survival of the fittest scalar leptoquark
Creators: name: Bečirević, Damir
name: Fajfer, Svjetlana
name: Košnik, Nejc
name: Pavičić, Lovre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the long-standing discrepancy in lepton flavor universality ratios $R_D$ and $R_{D^{\ast}}$ we assess the status of scalar leptoquark states $R_2$, $\widetilde R_2$ and $S_1$ which can in principle provide a desired enhancement of $\mathcal{B}(B\to D^{(\ast )}τν)$ in a minimal setup with two Yukawa couplings only. We consider unavoidable low-energy constraints, $Z$-pole measurements as well as high-$p_T$ constraints. After setting mass of each leptoquark to $1.5$ TeV we find that of all considered states only $S_1$ leptoquark, coupled to both chiralities of leptons and quarks, is still a completely viable solution while the scenario with $R_2$ is in growing tension with $Γ(Z \to ττ)$ and with the LHC constraints on the di-tau tails at high-$p_T$. We comment on the future experimental tests of $S_1$ scenario.
description: Published version
An historical perspective of Hong Kong, Shenzhen and the special zones in China
Creators: name: Low, Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are an important part of China's latest economic development strategy in its long history and drive for modernization. In many ways, they are as much a product of China's past as they are a product of the post-Mao Open Door Policy and economic reforms, and a precursor of things to come in China. Specially designated zones for trade and contact with foreigners have existed in China since the Tang dynasty when China conducted a frontier trade with its neighbours. The Canton system and the treaty ports were subsequent versions of special zones in China. Although the treaty ports were abolished by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) after 1949, Hong Kong and Macau continued to exist and flourish as special zones in China, albeit under foreign control, as the treaty ports were. In order to understand the reason(s) for the existence of the SEZs in China today, it is necessary to see them in the historical context of special zones in China as well as in the context of the post-Mao economic reforms. Since the Third Plenum in 1978, the main trend of the reforms has been towards increasing liberalization and decentralization of trade and other economic activities. These developments constitute a sharp departure from the radical leftist policies which have dominated politics and economics in China for three decades. However, despite the promise of economic growth and development throught the Open Door Policy and the other post-Mao changes, they also raise some new political, ideological and economic problems for China. The political and economic stakes riding on the success or failure of the economic reforms and the SEZs are enormous. What happens to the SEZs, and the Shenzhen SEZ in particular, would have profound implications for the post-Mao reforms, the Open Door Policy, the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong after July 1, 1997, the Chinese leadership, modernization and even socialism in China. The purpose of this study is to discuss the SEZs within the greater historical context of special zones in China, the post-Mao reforms, and to discuss the economic relationship between the Shenzhen SEZ, China's most successful SEZ, and Hong Kong, the most active investor in Shenzhen and China. The political and ideological dimensions of the SEZs and Hong Kong's relationship with Shenzhen will also be briefly discussed in this study.
Entwicklung von Policies und Richtlinien für Forschungssoftware - Workshop deRSE19
Creators: name: Fritzsch, Bernadette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: research software

description: Einleitungsvortrag für den Workshop " Entwicklung von Policies und Richtlinien für Forschungssoftware" auf der deRSE19 Konferenz
Testing the Standard Model by precision measurement of the weak charges of quarks
Creators: name: Young, R. D.
name: Carlini, R. D.
name: Thomas, A. W.
name: Roche, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a global analysis of the latest parity-violating electron scattering measurements on nuclear targets, we demonstrate a significant improvement in the experimental knowledge of the weak neutral-current lepton-quark interactions at low energy. The precision of this new result, combined with earlier atomic parity-violation measurements, places tight constraints on the size of possible contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model. Consequently, this result improves the lower-bound on the scale of relevant new physics to ~1 TeV.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; v2: further details on extraction of electroweak parameters, new figure
Dirac leptogenesis from asymmetry wash-in via scatterings
Creators: name: Blažek, Tomáš
name: Heeck, Julian
name: Heisig, Jan
name: Maták, Peter
name: Zaujec, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Leptogenesis typically requires the introduction of heavy particles whose out-of-equilibrium decays are essential for generating a matter-antimatter asymmetry, according to one of Sakharov's conditions. We demonstrate that in Dirac leptogenesis, scatterings between the light degrees of freedom -- Standard Model particles plus Dirac neutrinos - are sufficient to generate the asymmetry. The generation requires at least two effective charges conserved by the fast Standard Model interactions. Due to its vanishing source term in the Boltzmann equations, the asymmetry of right-handed neutrinos solely arises through wash-in processes. Sakharov's conditions are satisfied because the right-handed neutrino partners are out of equilibrium. Consequently, heavy degrees of freedom never needed to be produced in the early universe, allowing for a reheating temperature well below their mass scale. Considering a minimal leptoquark model, we discuss the viable parameter space along with the potential observational signature of an increased number of effective neutrinos in the early universe.
description: 8 pages + references, 3 figures; v2: Several clarifications added, adjusted benchmark model parameters, matches published version
Heavy quark jet production near threshold
Creators: name: Dai, Lin
name: Kim, Chul
name: Leibovich, Adam K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the fragmentation of a heavy quark into a jet near threshold, meaning that final state jet carries most of the energy of the fragmenting heavy quark. Using the heavy quark fragmentation function, we simultaneously resum large logarithms of the jet radius $R$ and $1-z$, where $z$ is the ratio of the jet energy to the initiating heavy quark energy. There are numerically significant corrections to the leading order rate due to this resummation. We also investigate the heavy quark fragmentation to a groomed jet, using the soft drop grooming algorithm as an example. In order to do so, we introduce a collinear-ultrasoft mode sensitive to the grooming region determined by the algorithm's $z_{\mathrm{cut}}$ parameter. This allows us to resum large logarithms of $z_{\mathrm{cut}}/(1-z)$, again leading to large numerical corrections near the endpoint. A nice feature of the analysis of the heavy quark fragmenting to a groomed jet is the heavy quark mass $m$ renders the algorithm infrared finite, allowing a perturbative calculation. We analyze this for $E_JR \sim m$ and $E_JR\gg m$, where $E_J$ is the jet energy. To do the latter case, we introduce an ultracollinear-soft mode, allowing us to resum large logarithms of $E_JR/m$. Finally, as an application we calculate the rate for $e^+e^-$ collisions to produce a heavy quark jet in the endpoint region, where we show that grooming effects have a sizable contribution near the endpoint.
description: 36 pages, 11 figures; matches the version to be published
OA@MPS - a colourful view
Creators: name: Romary, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The open access agenda of the Max Planck Society, initiator of the Berlin Declaration, envisions the support of both the green way and the golden way to open access. For the implementation of the green way the Max Planck Society through its newly established unit (Max Planck Digital Library) follows the idea of providing a centralized technical platform for publications and a local support for editorial issues. With regard to the golden way, the Max Planck Society fosters the development of open access publication models and experiments new publishing concepts like the Living Reviews journals.
Inefficient star formation in high Mach number environments I. The turbulent support analytical model
Creators: name: Hennebelle, Patrick
name: Brucy, Noé
name: Colman, Tine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The star formation rate (SFR), the number of stars formed per unit of time, is a fundamental quantity in the evolution of the Universe. While turbulence is believed to play a crucial role in setting the SFR, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Turbulence promotes star formation by compressing the gas, but also slows it down by stabilizing the gas against gravity. Most widely-used analytical models rely on questionable assumptions, including: $i)$ integrating over the density PDF, a one-point statistical description that ignores spatial correlation, $ii)$ selecting self-gravitating gas based on a density threshold that often ignores turbulent dispersion, $iii)$ assuming the freefall time as the timescale for estimating SFR without considering the need to rejuvenate the density PDF, $iv)$ assuming the density PDF to be lognormal. Improving upon the only existing model that incorporates the spatial correlation of the density field, we present a new analytical model. We calculate the time needed to rejuvenate density fluctuations of a given density and spatial scale, revealing that it is generally much longer than the freefall time, rendering the latter inappropriate for use. We make specific predictions regarding the role of the Mach number, $ M $, and the driving scale of turbulence divided by the mean Jeans length. At low to moderate Mach numbers, turbulence does not reduce and may even slightly promote star formation by broadening the PDF. However, at higher Mach numbers, most density fluctuations are stabilized by turbulent dispersion, leading to a steep drop in the SFR as the Mach number increases.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
The effect of continuous and discontinuous image presentation on image processing time
Creators: name: Mah, Tom Chack-Dong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study investigated perceptual strategies adopted by fifty-nine high school students during tasks involving the recognition of embedded geometric shapes. Results indicated a statistically significant mean difference between the two modes of image presentation: continuous and discontinuous. However, the order of image presentation (continuous/ discontinuous or discontinuous/continuous) was not significant, while the interaction between mode and order of presentation was significant. These results give some supporting evidence of an animation/freezing categorization to perceptual style. The effect of similar tasks in a series on image processing time is just as likely to produce initially regressive or progressive results in a short three-task series. These results give supporting evidence to findings that subjects undergo an initial period of exploration before settling on a persistent strategy leading to steady progression in performance.
Entanglement of localized states
Creators: name: Giraud, O.
name: Martin, J.
name: Georgeot, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact expressions for the mean value of Meyer-Wallach entanglement Q for localized random vectors drawn from various ensembles corresponding to different physical situations. For vectors localized on a randomly chosen subset of the basis, tends for large system sizes to a constant which depends on the participation ratio, whereas for vectors localized on adjacent basis states it goes to zero as a constant over the number of qubits. Applications to many-body systems and Anderson localization are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Determining factors behind the PageRank log-log plot
Creators: name: Volkovich, Yana
name: Litvak, Nelly
name: Donato, Debora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B15, 68P10, 60J80

description: We study the relation between PageRank and other parameters of information networks such as in-degree, out-degree, and the fraction of dangling nodes. We model this relation through a stochastic equation inspired by the original definition of PageRank. Further, we use the theory of regular variation to prove that PageRank and in-degree follow power laws with the same exponent. The difference between these two power laws is in a multiple coefficient, which depends mainly on the fraction of dangling nodes, average in-degree, the power law exponent, and damping factor. The out-degree distribution has a minor effect, which we explicitly quantify. Our theoretical predictions show a good agreement with experimental data on three different samples of the Web.
Search for new phenomena in final states with two leptons and one or no $b$-tagged jets at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for new phenomena is presented in final states with two leptons and one or no $b$-tagged jets. The event selection requires the two leptons to have opposite charge, the same flavor (electrons or muons), and a large invariant mass. The analysis is based on the full Run-2 proton-proton collision dataset recorded at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$. No significant deviation from the expected background is observed in the data. A four-fermion contact interaction between two quarks ($b,s$) and two leptons ($ee$ or $μμ$), inspired by the $B$-meson decay anomalies, is used as a benchmark signal model. This model is characterized by the energy scale and coupling, $Λ$ and $g_*$ respectively. Contact interactions with $Λ/ g_*$ lower than 2.0 (2.4) TeV are excluded for electrons (muons) at the 95% confidence level, still far below the value which is favored by the $B$-meson decay anomalies. In addition, model-independent limits are set as a function of the selection on the dilepton invariant mass, which allows the results to be reinterpreted in other signal scenarios.
description: 32 pages in total, author list starting page 12, 4 figures, 1 table, submitted to PRL. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/EXOT-2018-16/
Quantum Hall effect in carbon nanotubes and curved graphene strips
Creators: name: Perfetto, E.
name: Gonzalez, J.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Bellucci, S.
name: Onorato, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a long wavelength approximation in order to describe the low-energy states of carbon nanotubes in a transverse magnetic field. We show that, in the limit where the square of the magnetic length $l = \sqrt{\hbar c /e B}$ is much larger than the $C$-$C$ distance times the nanotube radius $R$, the low-energy theory is given by the linear coupling of a two-component Dirac spinor to the corresponding vector potential. We investigate in this regime the evolution of the band structure of zig-zag nanotubes for values of $R/l > 1$, showing that for radius $R \approx 20$ nm a clear pattern of Landau levels start to develop for magnetic field strength $B \gtrsim 10$ T. The levels tend to be four-fold degenerate, and we clarify the transition to the typical two-fold degeneracy of graphene as the nanotube is unrolled to form a curved strip. We show that the dynamics of the Dirac fermions leads to states which are localized at the flanks of the nanotube and that carry chiral currents in the longitudinal direction. We discuss the possibility to observe the quantization of the Hall conductivity in thick carbon nanotubes, which should display steps at even multiples of $2 e^2/h$, with values doubled with respect to those in the odd-integer quantization of graphene.
description: To appear in Phys. Rev. B
Inefficient star formation in high Mach number environments II. Numerical simulations and comparison with analytical models
Creators: name: Brucy, Noé
name: Hennebelle, Patrick
name: Colman, Tine
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Yhuelic, Corentin Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predicting the star formation rate (SFR) in galaxies is crucial to understand their evolution and morphology. To do so requires a fine understanding of how dense structures of gas are created and collapse. In that, turbulence and gravity play a major role. Within the gravo-turbulent framework, we assume that turbulence shapes the ISM, creating density fluctuations that, if gravitationally unstable, will collapse and form stars. The goal of this work is to quantify how different regimes of turbulence, characterized by the strength and compressibility of the driving, shape the density field. We are interested in the outcome in terms of SFR and how it compares with existing analytical models for the SFR. We run a series of hydrodynamical simulations of turbulent gas. The simulations are first conducted without gravity, so that the density and velocity are shaped by the turbulence driving. Gravity is then switched on, and the SFR is measured and compared with analytical models. The physics included in these simulations is very close to the one assumed in the classical gravo-turbulent SFR analytical models, which makes the comparison straightforward. We found that the existing analytical models convincingly agree with simulations at low Mach number, but we measure a much lower SFR in the simulation with a high Mach number. We develop, in a companion paper, an updated physically-motivated SFR model that reproduces well the inefficient high Mach regime of the simulations. Our work demonstrates that accurate estimations of the turbulent-driven replenishment time of dense structures and the dense gas spatial distribution are necessary to correctly predict the SFR in the high Mach regime. The inefficient high-Mach regime is a possible explanation for the low SFR found in dense and turbulent environments such as the centers of our Milky Way and other galaxies.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Comparison of Particle Production in Quark and Gluon Fragmentation at sqrt s ~ 10 GeV
Creators: name: Briere, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data collected with the CLEO III detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we study the inclusive production of baryons/antibaryons (p, /) and mesons (phi and f_2(1270)) in gluon-fragmentation and quark-fragmentation processes. We first corroborate previous per-event total particle yields in Upsilon(1S)->ggg compared with nearby continuum (e+e- -> qqbar) indicating greater (x2) per-event yields of baryons in 3-gluon fragmentation. We find similar results when we extend that comparison to include the Upsilon(2S) and Upsilon(3S) resonances. With higher statistics, we now also probe the momentum dependence of these per-event particle yields. Next, we compare particle production in the photon-tagged process Upsilon(1S)->gggamma with that in e+e- -> qqbar events, to allow comparison of two-parton with three-parton particle-specific fragmentation. For each particle, we determine the `enhancement' ratio, defined as the ratio of particle yields per gluon fragmentation event compared to quark fragmentation event. Thus defined, an enhancement of 1.0 implies equal per-event production in both gluon and quark fragmentation. In the photon-tagged analysis (U(1S)->gggamma compared to e+e- -> qqbar+gamma), we find almost no enhancement for protons (1.2+/-0.1), but a significant enhancement (1.9+/-0.3) for /ś. Overall, per-event baryon production in radiative two-gluon fragmentation is somewhat smaller than that observed in three-gluon decays of the Upsilon(1S). Our results for baryon production are inconsistent with the predictions of the JETSET (7.3) fragmentation model.
description: 21 pages postscript,also available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/2006/, Submitted to PRD
A First Look at Spatially Resolved Star Formation at $4.8
Creators: name: Matharu, Jasleen
name: Nelson, Erica J.
name: Brammer, Gabriel
name: Oesch, Pascal A.
name: Allen, Natalie
name: Shivaei, Irene
name: Naidu, Rohan P.
name: Chisholm, John
name: Covelo-Paz, Alba
name: Fudamoto, Yoshinobu
name: Giovinazzo, Emma
name: Herard-Demanche, Thomas
name: Kerutt, Josephine
name: Kramarenko, Ivan
name: Marchesini, Danilo
name: Meyer, Romain A.
name: Prieto-Lyon, Gonzalo
name: Reddy, Naveen
name: Shuntov, Marko
name: Weibel, Andrea
name: Wuyts, Stijn
name: Xiao, Mengyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first results on the spatial distribution of star formation in 454 star-forming galaxies at $4.8
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication by A&A