cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single point mutation induced alterations in the equilibrium structural transitions on the folding landscape of HIV-1 protease
Creators: name: Rout, Manoj Kumar
name: Phillips, Margaret
name: Ramakrishna V. Hosur
name: Jithender G. Reddy
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Molecular Biology

description: Equilibrium folding–unfolding transitions are hard to study in HIV-1 protease (PR) because of its autolytic properties. Further, the protease exhibits many tolerant point mutations some of which also impart drug resistance to the protein. It is conceivable that the mutations affect protein's function by altering its folding characteristics; these would clearly depend on the nature of the mutations themselves. In this background, we report here NMR studies on the effects of D25 N mutation, which removes one negative charge from the protein at the active site, on the equilibrium folding behaviour of PR starting from its acetic acid denatured state. It is observed that in PRD25N two slowly exchanging conformations are present at the N-terminal. One of them is similar to that of PR. Though the conformational and dynamics preferences of PR and PRD25N are fairly similar in 9 M acetic acid, they seem to undergo different folding transitions when acetic acid concentration is reduced. The differences are seen in the active site, in the flap, and in the hinge of the flap regions. The present study suggests that such differences, though different in detail, would occur for other mutations as well, and also for different initial denatured states. These would have significant regulatory implications for the efficacy of protease function.
2-Aminopyridine Analogs Inhibit Both Enzymes of the Glyoxylate Shunt in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Creators: name: McVey, Alyssa C
name: Bartlett, Sean
name: Kajbaf, Mahmud
name: Pellacani, Annalisa
name: Gatta, Viviana
name: Tammela, Päivi
name: Spring, David R
name: Welch, Martin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
enzyme inhibitor
isocitrate lyase
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry
Glyoxylate Shunt
Malate Synthase G
Conditionally Essential Target

description: Funder: FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions; Grant(s): 642620
description: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many hospital-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa can thrive in diverse infection scenarios by rewiring its central metabolism. An example of this is the production of biomass from C2 nutrient sources such as acetate via the glyoxylate shunt when glucose is not available. The glyoxylate shunt is comprised of two enzymes, isocitrate lyase (ICL) and malate synthase G (MS), and flux through the shunt is essential for the survival of the organism in mammalian systems. In this study, we characterized the mode of action and cytotoxicity of structural analogs of 2-aminopyridines, which have been identified by earlier work as being inhibitory to both shunt enzymes. Two of these analogs were able to inhibit ICL and MS in vitro and prevented growth of P. aeruginosa on acetate (indicating cell permeability). Moreover, the compounds exerted negligible cytotoxicity against three human cell lines and showed promising in vitro drug metabolism and safety profiles. Isothermal titration calorimetry was used to confirm binding of one of the analogs to ICL and MS, and the mode of enzyme inhibition was determined. Our data suggest that these 2-aminopyridine analogs have potential as anti-pseudomonal agents.
Properties and performance of silver‐based catalysts on the catalytic oxidation of toluene
Creators: name: Kim, Sang Chai
name: Ryu, Jae Yong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds such as toluene over a range of silver‐based catalysts has been carried out to assess their performance. The properties of the catalysts were determined by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, X‐ray diffraction, and temperature‐programmed reduction. The experimental results revealed that the catalytic activity of an Ag/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst is closely related to the silver loading, and the optimum loading for the complete oxidation of toluene was found to be 11 wt%. The addition of copper to the 11 wt% Ag/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst greatly enhanced its catalytic activity, but the addition of cerium or lanthanum inhibited catalytic activity.
Structure prediction and molecular dynamics simulations of a G-protein coupled receptor: human CCR2 receptor
Creators: name: Singh, Rajesh
name: M. Elizabeth Sobhia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Molecular Biology

description: CC chemokine receptor type-2 (CCR2) is a member of G-protein coupled receptors superfamily, expressed on the cell surface of monocytes and macrophages. It binds to the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, a CC chemokine, produced at the sites of inflammation and infection. A homology model of human CCR2 receptor based on the recently available C-X-C chemokine recepor-4 crystal structure has been reported. Ligand information was used as an essential element in the homology modeling process. Six known CCR2 antagonists were docked into the model using simple and induced fit docking procedure. Docked complexes were then subjected to visual inspection to check their suitability to explain the experimental data obtained from site directed mutagenesis and structure-activity relationship studies. The homology model was refined, validated, and assessed for its performance in docking-based virtual screening on a set of CCR2 antagonists and decoys. The docked complexes of CCR2 with the known antagonists, TAK779, a dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist, and Teijin-comp1, a CCR2 specific antagonist were subjected to molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which further validated the binding modes of these antagonists. B-factor analysis of 20 ns MD simulations demonstrated that Cys190 is helpful in providing structural rigidity to the extracellular loop (EL2). Residues important for CCR2 antagonism were recognized using free energy decomposition studies. The acidic residue Glu291 from TM7, a conserved residue in chemokine receptors, is favorable for the binding of Teijin-comp1 with CCR2 by ΔG of −11.4 kcal/mol. Its contribution arises more from the side chains than the backbone atoms. In addition, Tyr193 from EL2 contributes −0.9 kcal/mol towards the binding of the CCR2 specific antagonist with the receptor. Here, the homology modeling and subsequent molecular modeling studies proved successful in probing the structure of human CCR2 chemokine receptor for the structure-based virtual screening and predicting the binding modes of CCR2 antagonists.
Real-space imaging of confined magnetic skyrmion tubes.
Creators: name: Birch, M T
name: Cortés-Ortuño, D
name: Turnbull, L A
name: Wilson, M N
name: Groß, F
name: Träger, N
name: Laurenson, A
name: Bukin, N
name: Moody, S H
name: Weigand, M
name: Schütz, G
name: Popescu, H
name: Fan, R
name: Steadman, P
name: Verezhak, J A T
name: Balakrishnan, G
name: Loudon, J C
name: Twitchett-Harrison, A C
name: Hovorka, O
name: Fangohr, H
name: Ogrin, F Y
name: Gräfe, J
name: Hatton, P D
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: Magnetic skyrmions are topologically nontrivial particles with a potential application as information elements in future spintronic device architectures. While they are commonly portrayed as two dimensional objects, in reality magnetic skyrmions are thought to exist as elongated, tube-like objects extending through the thickness of the host material. The study of this skyrmion tube state (SkT) is vital for furthering the understanding of skyrmion formation and dynamics for future applications. However, direct experimental imaging of skyrmion tubes has yet to be reported. Here, we demonstrate the real-space observation of skyrmion tubes in a lamella of FeGe using resonant magnetic x-ray imaging and comparative micromagnetic simulations, confirming their extended structure. The formation of these structures at the edge of the sample highlights the importance of confinement and edge effects in the stabilisation of the SkT state, opening the door to further investigation into this unexplored dimension of the skyrmion spin texture.
title: Der EuGH als regionaler Ersatz für den Appellate Body der WTO?: Ein Kommentar zu den Schlussanträgen von GA Kokott in der Rs. C-66/18 zur Central European University
Creators: name: Traudt, Dennis
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Saar Briefs
Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity as a Marker of Diffuse Cerebrovascular Damage.
Creators: name: Low, Audrey
name: Mak, Elijah
name: Stefaniak, James D
name: Malpetti, Maura
name: Nicastro, Nicolas
name: Savulich, George
name: Chouliaras, Leonidas
name: Markus, Hugh S
name: Rowe, James B
name: O'Brien, John T
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: The peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) has been proposed as a fully automated imaging marker of relevance to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). We assessed PSMD in relation to conventional SVD markers, global measures of neurodegeneration, and cognition. 145 participants underwent 3T brain MRI and cognitive assessment. 112 were patients with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, dementia with Lewy bodies, or frontotemporal dementia. PSMD, SVD burden [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), microbleeds, lacunes], average mean diffusivity (MD), gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and total intracranial volume were quantified. Robust linear regression was conducted to examine associations between variables. Dominance analysis assessed the relative importance of markers in predicting various outcomes. Regional analyses examined spatial overlap between PSMD and WMH. PSMD was associated with global and regional SVD measures, especially WMH and microbleeds. Dominance analysis demonstrated that among SVD markers, WMH was the strongest predictor of PSMD. Furthermore, PSMD was more closely associated to WMH than with GM and WM volumes. PSMD was associated with WMH across all regions, and correlations were not significantly stronger in corresponding regions (e.g., frontal PSMD and frontal WMH) compared to non-corresponding regions. PSMD outperformed all four conventional SVD markers and MD in predicting cognition, but was comparable to GM and WM volumes. PSMD was robustly associated with established SVD markers. This new measure appears to be a marker of diffuse brain injury, largely due to vascular pathology, and may be a useful and convenient metric of overall cerebrovascular burden.
Molecular Characterization and Immuno-Reactivity Patterns of a Novel Plasmodium falciparum Armadillo-Type Repeat Protein, PfATRP.
Creators: name: Amlabu, Emmanuel
name: Ilani, Philip
name: Opoku, Grace
name: Nyarko, Prince B
name: Quansah, Evelyn
name: Thiam, Laty G
name: Anim, Manfred
name: Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben
name: Akuh, Ojo-Ajogu
name: Mensah-Brown, Henrietta
name: Rayner, Julian C
name: Awandare, Gordon A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: Nearly half of the genes in the Plasmodium falciparum genome have not yet been functionally investigated. We used homology-based structural modeling to identify multiple copies of Armadillo repeats within one uncharacterized gene expressed during the intraerythrocytic stages, PF3D7_0410600, subsequently referred to as P. falciparum Armadillo-Type Repeat Protein (PfATRP). Soluble recombinant PfATRP was expressed in a bacterial expression system, purified to apparent homogeneity and the identity of the recombinant PfATRP was confirmed by mass spectrometry. Affinity-purified α-PfATRP rabbit antibodies specifically recognized the recombinant protein. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that α-PfATRP rabbit antibodies reacted with P. falciparum schizonts. Anti-PfATRP antibody exhibited peripheral staining patterns around the merozoites. Given the localization of PfATRP in merozoites, we tested for an egress phenotype during schizont arrest assays and demonstrated that native PfATRP is inaccessible on the surface of merozoites in intact schizonts. Dual immunofluorescence assays with markers for the inner membrane complex (IMC) and microtubules suggest partial colocalization in both asexual and sexual stage parasites. Using the soluble recombinant PfATRP in a screen of plasma samples revealed that malaria-infected children have naturally acquired PfATRP-specific antibodies.
What are the outcomes of core decompression in patients with avascular necrosis? Protocol for a systematic review.
Creators: name: Andronic, Octavian
name: Shoman, Haitham
name: Weiss, Ori
name: Khanduja, Vikas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: Background: Core decompression is a hip preserving surgical procedure that is used to treat avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. The eventual clinical and radiological outcome following this procedure is varied in literature. Also, the time to a total hip replacement (THR) from the index procedure and the percentage of patients subsequently undergoing a THR is controversial. Furthermore, there are multiple surgical methods along with multiple augmentation techniques and various classification and staging systems described. The purpose of this systematic review, therefore, is to analyse the outcomes following decompression only, excluding any augmentation techniques for non-traumatic AVN of the femoral head. Methods: This protocol is being developed in line with the PRISMA-P guidelines. The search strategy includes articles from Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, CINHAL and Cochrane library. The review and screening will be done by two independent reviewers. Review articles, editorials and correspondences will be excluded. Articles including patients with sickle cell disease and with core decompression where augmentation is used will be excluded. The risk of bias and quality of articles will be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for the different study designs included. Discussion: This study will be a comprehensive review on all published articles having patients with AVN of the femoral head and undergoing core decompression surgery only. The systematic review will then define the outcomes of the core decompression surgery based on clinical and radiological outcomes. Each outcome will include the different stages within it and finally, the total mean time to THR will be calculated. This will then be followed by assessing the cumulative confidence in evidence from all the data collected using the GRADE tool. Registration: This systematic review is registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PROSPERO) under the registration number: CRD42018100596.
An exploration of coaches' interactions between 'scientific concepts' and 'everyday practice'
Creators: name: Castle, Michael
Publisher: name: Cardiff Metropolitan University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420799
subject: Sports science and exercise not elsewhere classified

description: The sociological turn of sport coaching research still informs much of our understanding of the activity (Corsby & Edwards, 2019). However, whilst much of our view of sport coaching has been driven by sociological and pedagogical theorisations, there remains a continued gap between them and the practical application of coaching (Lyle, 2018). This continued gap has been associated with the indoctrinating (Cushion et al., 2010) and didactic (Morgan et al., 2013) nature of coach education. Borrowing from Vygotsky’s (1978) notions of dialectics, the aim of the study was to better understand the construction of coaching knowledge through coaches’ continuous interactions between ‘scientific concepts’ and ‘everyday practice’. 
Using an ethnographical case-study approach, the project utilised observations, interviews and reflexive logs to address four research questions. Firstly, how do coaches integrate ‘scientific concepts’ into practice? Secondly, how do coaches develop their own personal theorisation(s) of practice? Third, what are the obstacles and enablers for doing so? Finally, what is the role of the facilitators in this process? 
Findings revealed a reliance on everyday examples by coaches and facilitators, consequently anchoring coaches at an everyday level of thinking. The facilitators were also required to claim their role as more knowledgeable others, enforcing a social order, one which subsequently engendered the learning process. Finally, the coaches engaged in a process of dialectical internalisation, achieved primarily through the use of written notes. Such a process sits slightly at odds to Vygotsky’s (1978) conceptualisation of the internalisation process. 
Through its findings, the study provides a deeper conceptualization of Vygotskyan ideas in practice, presenting scope to further examine the value of his ideas for the disciplines of sport coaching and coach learning.
title: Heiligt der Zweck die Mittel?: Generalanwalt Campos Sánchez-Bordona fordert weiterhin enge Grenzen für die Vorratsdatenspeicherung
Creators: name: Woll, Laura Katharina
name: Ak, Asra
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Saar Briefs
Molecular modeling, dynamics, and an insight into the structural inhibition of cofactor independent phosphoglycerate mutase isoform 1 from Wuchereria bancrofti using cheminformatics and mutational studies
Creators: name: Qinghua Liao
name: Sharma, Om Prakash
name: Yellamandayya Vadlamudi
name: Strodel, Birgit
name: Muthuvel Suresh Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Molecular Biology

description: Phosphoglycerate mutase catalyzes the interconversion between 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate in the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. They exist in two unrelated forms, that is either cofactor (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) dependent or cofactor-independent. These two enzymes have no similarity in amino acid sequence, tertiary structure, and in catalytic mechanism. Wuchereria bancrofti (WB) contains the cofactor-independent form, whereas other organisms can possess the dependent form or both. Since, independent phosphoglycerate mutase (iPGM) is an essential gene for the survival of nematodes, and it has no sequence or structural similarity to the cofactor-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase found in mammals, it represents an attractive drug target for the filarial nematodes. In this current study, a putative cofactor-iPGM gene was identified in the protein sequence of the WB. In the absence of crystal structure, a three-dimensional structure was determined using the homology modeling approximation, and the most stable protein conformation was identified through the molecular dynamics simulation studies, using GROMACS 4.5. Further, the functional or characteristic residues were identified through the sequence analysis, potential inhibitors were short-listed and validated, and potential inhibitors were ranked using the cheminformatics and molecular dynamics simulations studies, Prime MM-GBSA approach, respectively.
title: Ein Update zum Recht auf selbstbestimmtes Sterben nach der Entscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu § 217 StGB
Creators: name: Woll, Laura Katharina
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Saar Briefs
Schwerpunktthema: Qualitätssicherung von Micro-Degrees und Badges : Teilbeitrag: Nanodegrees sowie das HFDcert als Beispiel für Badges : Tischvorlage für die 43. Sitzung der Ständigen HRK-Kommission "Digitalisierung"
Creators: name: Nacken, Heribert
Publisher: name: RWTH Aachen University
Year: 2019

description: 43. Sitzung der Ständigen HRK-Kommission "Digitalisierung", Bonn, Germany, 17 May 2019 - 17 May 2019; 16 Folien (2019).
title: Ach wär ich nur ein ein’zges Mal ein schmucker Prinz im Karneval: Zugleich ein Beitrag zur Gleichbehandlungspflicht privater Vereine
Creators: name: Backes, Christina
name: Jungfleisch, Julia
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Saar Briefs
The role of activated carbon and disinfection on the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from wastewater
Creators: name: Constantinos Noutsopoulos
name: Mamais, Daniel
name: Mpouras, Thanasis
name: Kokkinidou, Despina
name: Samaras, Vasilios
name: Antoniou, Korina
name: Gioldasi, Marianna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Endocrine disrupting chemicals and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are two important groups of emerging pollutants due to their toxicological and chemical characteristics and their persistent detection in the aquatic environment. Wastewater treatment plants are a significant pathway for their transfer to the water courses. It is well evidenced that these chemicals are only partially removed through biological treatment of wastewater and therefore being detected in secondary effluents. This work focuses on the evaluation of the efficiency of two well-established disinfection technologies (chlorination and UV irradiation) along with UV/H 2O 2 and powdered activated carbon (PAC) to remove these chemicals from biologically treated wastewater. Based on the results it is shown that appreciable removal efficiencies due to chlorination should be expected for most of the target compounds, whereas this was not the case for ibuprofen and ketoprofen. With the exemption of diclofenac and ketoprofen direct UV irradiation did not efficiently removed target compounds for UV doses usually applied for disinfection purposes. The application of advanced UV treatment through the addition of H 2O 2 although resulted in increased removal of the target compounds is not sufficient at moderate UV and H 2O 2 doses to achieve satisfactory removal efficiencies. PAC use resulted in sufficient removal of target compounds although high PAC doses were required for some chemicals. Comparison of Freundlich isotherms of this study with those of other studies, derived employing water samples, suggested that the water matrix along with the target compounds concentration range can significantly affect the outcome of the experiments.
Effect of gibberellins GA3, GA4+7 and GA13 on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth in Early Muscat grape (Vitis vinifera)
Creators: name: Pal, R. N.
name: Singh, Raghbir
name: Vij, V. K.
name: Sharma, J. N.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2016

description: The effect of some of the gibberellins (GA3 , GA4+7 und GA13) on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of Early Muscat grape was investigated. The after-ripened seeds were treated with 0, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentrations of each gibberellin. All gibberellins, except GA4+7 , at concentrations beyond 50 ppm promoted germination. Generally, the lower concentrations were found more efficacious for enhancing the germination. GA4+7 at 1000 ppm completely inhibited the germination. The activity of GA3 was gradual and regular, whereas GA4+7 and GA13 showed swift activity with a narrow germination-promotive-concentrationrange. The variable influence of gibberellins an seedling growth was also observed. Der Einfluß der Gibberelline GA3 , GA4+7 und GA13 auf die Samenkeimung und das anschließende Sämlingswachstum bei der Rebensorte Early Muscat (Vitis vinifera) Bei der Rebensorte Early Muscat wurde der Einfluß einiger Gibberelline (GA3 , GA4+7 und GA13) auf die Samenkeimung und das anschließende Wachstum der Sämlinge untersucht. Die nachgereiften Samen wurden jeweils mit Gibberellinkonzentrationen von 0, 50, 100, 250, 500 und 1000 ppm behandelt. Alle Gibberelline, mit Ausnahme von GA4+7 , förderten bei Konzentrationen über 50 ppm die Samenkeimung. Im allgemeinen erwiesen sich niedrigere Konzentrationen hierbei als wirksamer. 1000 ppm GA4+7 hemmten die Keimung vollkommen. Die Wirkungskurve des GA3 in Abhängigkeit von der Konzentration verlief stetig und ausgeglichen, während sie bei GA4+7 und GA13 einen raschen Anstieg mit einem schmalen keimungsfördernden Konzentrationsbereich zeigte. Auch beim Wachstum der Sämlinge wurde der unterschiedliche Einfluß der Gibberelline beobachtet.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 14 No. 4 (1975): Vitis
Influence de la culture intercalaire de ray grass sur la microflore des sols de vigne
Creators: name: Cuinier, C.
name: Puisais, J.
name: Galzy, P.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2016

description: Au cours de trois années, la culture intercalaire de ray grass a été comparée au travail traditionnel du sol. L'expérimentation a été conduite dans cinq terroirs viticoles de Touraine. Les paramètres p hysiques, chimiques et microbiologiques des sols sont mesurés au cours de trois saisons. Les caractéristiques viticoles sont déterminées une fois par an. L'analyse statistique des résultats montre que le terroir est le facteur principal, mais le climat et le traitement sont également responsables des modifications observées. La ctùture intercalaire de ray grass a stimulé très nettement la microflore du sol, en particulier les actinomycètes et des groupes fonctionnels des cycles de l'azote et du carbone. Elle a augmenté la valeur du pH du sol et modifié le rendement d'une façon variable selon les terroirs. L'utilisation de cette technique doit être adaptée à la nature du sol et aux conditions climatiques. Effect of intercalary ray grass culture on vineyard soil microflora During three years, intercalary ray grass culture was compared with traditional soil maintenance. The experiment was carried out in five viticultural soils in Touraine. Physical, chemical and microbiological soil parameters were measured during three seasons. Viticultural features were determined once a year. Statistical analysis of results showed that soil is the main factor, but climate and treatment are also responsible for observed modifications. With intercalary ray grass culture, soil microflora, particularly Actinomycetes and functional groups of nitrogen and carbon cycle, is stimulated very clearly. pH value of soil is increased, yield is modified variably according to the soils. The use of that technique must be adapted to soil nature and climatic conditions.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 14 No. 4 (1975): Vitis
Inhibition by yeast strain of tyrosinase activity in must and wine
Creators: name: Guerzoni, M. Elisabetta
name: Suzzi, Giovanna
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2016

description: The course of tyrosinase activity in musts is related to the strain of yeast used; with strain 633 the activity becomes practically non-detectable during the first days of growth. With other strains a drastic drop always occurs during the first 48 hours, followed by a recovery during the exponential phase of growth, in correlation to a substantial fall of phenols and to the exponential rise in colour. The inhibitory power on the tyrosinase in vitro is a widespread character in the yeast, even if quantitatively different: this character is not always associated with colour stability. Such a character, possessed to a remarkable measure by strains 633 and 36, is bound to the biosynthesis, even in synthetical media, of a compound capable of becoming bound to the protein units of enzyme, thus preventing the enzyme activity. Inhibition par la souche de levure de l'activité de la tyrosinase du moût et du vin Le cours de l'activité de la tyrosinase dans les moûts est rélié à la souche de levure employée: la souche 633 rend l'activité pratiquement inexistante pendant les premiers jours de son dévéloppement. D'autres souches provoquent une baisse drastique pendant les premières 48 heures, suivie par un récouvrement de l'activité de la tyrosinase pendant la phase exponentielle de leur dévéloppement en corrélation à une chute substantielle des composés phénoliques totaux et à la hausse exponentielle de la couleur. Le pouvoir inhibiteur sur la tyrosinase in vitro est un caractère diffusé des levures bien que quantitativement différent; ce caractère n'est pas toujours associé à la stabilité de la couleur des vins blancs. Tel caractère, possedé d'une façon remarquable par les souches 633 et 36, est lié à la biosynthèse, même dans les substrats synthétiques, d'un composé capable de se lier aux unités protéiques de l'enzyme, de façon à prévenir l'activité enzymatique.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 14 No. 4 (1975): Vitis
title: THE MARKETING OF BLACK MUSIC
Creators: name: Mitchell, James R.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Black Music Cultural Criticism
subject: Music

description: Today's black musicians are challenged not only to master their art, but also the business side of what has become a multi-million dollar consumer market. The author argues that little has changed since the days when black talent was paid with liquor and Cadillacs. Some new groups and young performers have begun to learn from the mistakes of their elders and are managing to hold on in a treacherous marketplace.
Alternate Dispute Resolution on an International Level and its Shortcomings
Creators: name: Das, Deb Zyoti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Alternative Dispute Resolution
subject: International Alternative Dispute Resolution
subject: ADR
subject: Domestic
subject: Trans-national
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Shortcomings

description: Conflict is an inevitable facet of international relations. As much as the nations of the world work harmoniously in order to achieve their mutual interest, they also disagree as they strive to protect and preserve their individual national interests. Where conflict is inevitable and is part of the daily, where disagreement among the member states of the international system is bound to happen, some mechanisms have been put in place to resolve these conflicts and disagreements among nations.

 In the 21st century, many conflicts nowadays are being solved through ADR. Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a form of agreement. In the international context, Alternative Dispute Resolution is something of a misnomer as leads to the question ‘ alternative to what?’ In the domestic context, national courts provide a generally acceptable means of resolving disputes upon the parties agreeing on some alternative means. But, in many international disputes, resort to national courts is not possible due to the absence of consent of parties. At least one party will always view it as the most undesirable option where it is possible without consent as each party here is inclined towards serving their national interests first. Thus, the only formal medium of dispute resolution that finds broad acceptance in the international context without any resurgence is created by agreement of the parties.
Diverse and vulnerable deep-water biotopes in the Hardangerfjord
Creators: name: Buhl-Mortensen, Pål
name: Buhl-Mortensen, Lene
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Marine Biology

description: This study describes the distribution, species composition and environmental characteristics of benthic habitats and biotopes from 38 stations in the Hardangerfjord, based on observations using high-definition video. Faunal composition was primarily related to substrate composition, distance from open ocean and depth (water masses) by using Detrended Correspondence Analysis. Six different biotopes were observed at depths between 100 and 400 m: (1) Lophelia reef, (2) sponge garden, (3) seapen communities, (4) soft bottom coral garden, (5) hard bottom coral garden and (6) cerianthid stands. Three Lophelia reefs were observed between 140 and 230 m depth in the outer part of the fjord. Geodia spp. and other large sponges were abundant on morainic bottom, on sills. Seapen communities occurred on muddy bottoms mainly between 250 and 350 m depth. The soft bottom coral garden comprised the gorgonian Isidella lofotensis, locally with densities up to 167 colonies/100 m2. Hard bottom coral gardens with Paragorgia arborea and Paramuricea placomus had a much lower density with a maximum of 33 colonies/100 m2. Litter and lost fishing gear were observed on 49% of the locations. Lophelia and sponges were covered with silt to a much higher degree than previously observed offshore. Whether this is caused by naturally higher particle flux in fjords or is due to an increased input from anthropogenic sources cannot be concluded from the present study. In general, anthropogenic activities have lead to increased particle flux in fjords and a demand for monitoring sensitive deep-water habitats to detect related trends of declining biodiversity.
Timing of the Infancy-Childhood Growth Transition in Rural Gambia.
Creators: name: Bernstein, Robin M
name: O'Connor, G Kesler
name: Vance, Eric A
name: Affara, Nabeel
name: Drammeh, Saikou
name: Dunger, David B
name: Faal, Abdoulie
name: Ong, Ken K
name: Sosseh, Fatou
name: Prentice, Andrew M
name: Moore, Sophie E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020

description: The Karlberg model of human growth describes the infancy, childhood, and puberty (ICP) stages as continuous and overlapping, and defined by transitions driven by sequential additional effects of several endocrine factors that shape the growth trajectory and resultant adult size. Previous research has suggested that a delayed transition from the infancy to the childhood growth stage contributes to sub-optimal growth outcomes. A new method developed to analyze the structure of centile crossing in early life has emerged as a potential tool for identifying the infancy-childhood transition (ICT), through quantifying patterns of adjacent monthly weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) deviation correlations. Using this method, the infancy-childhood transition was identified as taking place at around 12 months of age in two cohorts of UK infants. Here, we apply this method to data collected as part of a longitudinal growth study in rural Gambia [the Hormonal and Epigenetic Regulators of Growth, or HERO-G study, N = 212 (F = 99, M = 113)], in order to identify the ICT and assess whether timing of this transition differs across groups based on sex or birth seasonality. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients for adjacent monthly WAZ score deviations. Based on the patterns of change in the correlation structure over time, our results suggest that the infancy-childhood transition occurs at around 9 months of age in rural Gambian infants. This points to an accelerated ICT compared to UK infants, rather than a delayed ICT. A comparatively later transition, seen in UK infants, allows maximal extension of the high rates of growth during the infancy stage; an earlier transition as seen in Gambian infants cuts short this period of rapid growth, potentially impacting on growth outcomes in childhood while diverting energy into other processes critical to responses to acute infectious challenges. Growth in later developmental stages in this population offers an extended window for catch-up.
Regional impact from fin-fish farming in an intensive production area (Hardangerfjord, Norway)
Creators: name: Husa, Vivian
name: Kutti, Tina
name: Ervik, Arne
name: Sjøtun, Kjersti
name: Hansen, Pia Kupka
name: Aure, Jan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Marine Biology

description: The Hardangerfjord is one of the largest salmon-farming areas in Norway, with an annual production of approximately 70,000 metric tonnes. The regional impact of fin-fish farming in a fjord environment was studied during 2008–2010. Ecological conditions in intertidal macroalgal and benthic deep basin communities were studied in addition to measurements of nutrients and chlorophyll-a values. Macroalgal communities in the intertidal zone and the deep water fauna communities showed a high ecological status in the intermediate part of the fjord and a good status in the inner part of the fjord. Faunal communities in the outermost basin indicate that the assimilative capacity for farm waste of this deep basin could be limited. Nutrients and chlorophyll-a values were within national thresholds defined as high water quality. The good ecological conditions of the parameters studied in the fjord show little evidence of a regional impact from the fish farming industry despite the intensive production level.
Diet composition and food selectivity of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) in Hardangerfjord, Norway
Creators: name: Falkenhaug, Tone
name: Padmini Dalpadado
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Marine Biology

description: The diet composition and prey selection of sprat (Sprattus sprattus) was studied in the Hardangerfjord, western Norway during four cruises in spring and autumn of 2009 and 2010. Feeding activity, indicated by stomach fullness, varied with sprat size, season and time of day. Small-sized sprat were found to feed both in spring and autumn, while the larger individuals had lower feeding activity late in the season. Diurnal variation in stomach fullness was observed in the autumn but not in spring. Sprat fed on a broad diversity of prey types, including copepods, phytoplankton and meroplankton. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the dietary composition of sprat differed significantly between years, seasons and among areas within the fjord. During spring, phytoplankton and invertebrate eggs dominated the diet, while copepods were most important in the autumn. Positive selection was found for Microsetella norvegica and euphausiid eggs, which were the most frequently occurring prey in stomachs, followed by Oithona and Acartia spp. Interannual variability in zooplankton abundance in the fjord, related to physical processes, may have a large impact on the feeding conditions for fjord populations of sprat.
Historical changes in macroalgal communities in Hardangerfjord (Norway)
Creators: name: Husa, Vivian
name: Steen, Henning
name: Sjøtun, Kjersti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: Marine Biology

description: Hardangerfjord is the second largest fjord in Norway and is situated on the southwest coast. During the last century the fjord has been influenced by a variety of anthropogenous activities such as industry, hydro-electrical power plants and since 1980 an increase in fish farming. This study was carried out in order to investigate whether changes in the macroalgal communities of Hardangerfjord have taken place since the 1950s. The macroalgal composition at a number of stations investigated in 2008–2009 was compared to recordings from the same stations during the 1950s. While the distribution and abundance of dominant groups (fucoids, kelps) showed a high resilience when compared to recordings from the 1950s, some changes in the macroalgal communities in the fjord were evident. The present study showed higher species richness and a higher frequency of species with a warm-water affinity. Since the first part of the 1990s an increase in summer sea surface temperatures has taken place in the area, and the observed algal changes suggest a pronounced temperature effect on macroalgal communities. A number of red algal species was observed to protrude further into the fjord in the present study than in the 1950s, probably caused by altered salinity regime due to the electrical power industry.
Dietary exposure to selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in four European regions
Creators: name: Klenow, Stefanie
name: Heinemeyer, Gerhard
name: Brambilla, Gianfranco
name: Dellatte, Elena
name: Herzke, Dorte
name: Voogt, Pim De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The dietary exposure to selected PFAAs was estimated in four selected European states (Belgium, the Czech Republic, Italy and Norway) representing Western, Southern, Eastern and Northern Europe. The harmonised sampling programme designed in the European Union project PERFOOD was targeted at identifying seven selected PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in food items that are most important both in terms of consumption and based on known high contamination patterns. The estimated average dietary exposure for adults (18–64 years) and children (3–9 years) is generally below or close to 1 ng kg–1 BW day–1 for all seven PFAAs. Considering the high consumption of food groups that contribute most to the exposure does not result in estimates exceeding 4 ng kg–1 BW day–1. Thus, based on the TDIs proposed by EFSA for PFOS (150 ng kg–1 BW day–1) and PFOA (1500 ng kg–1 BW day–1), no concern can be identified. There are distinct dietary exposure patterns from region to region as a result of different food consumption and contamination patterns. Foods of plant origin (e.g. fruit and vegetables) are most important for the dietary exposure to PFHxA, PFOA and PFHxS, while the consumption of foods of animal origin (particularly fish and seafood) mostly contributes to the dietary exposure to PFDA and PFUnDA. For the dietary exposure to PFNA and PFOS, food of animal and plant origin contributes with equal importance. In conclusion, region-to-region differences as well as the relative importance of food of different origin for each PFAA should be paid more attention in further research.
Dietary exposure to selected perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in four European regions
Creators: name: Klenow, Stefanie
name: Heinemeyer, Gerhard
name: Brambilla, Gianfranco
name: Dellatte, Elena
name: Herzke, Dorte
name: Voogt, Pim De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The dietary exposure to selected PFAAs was estimated in four selected European states (Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy, and Norway) representing West, South, East, and Northern Europe. The harmonised sampling program designed in the EU project PERFOOD was targeted at identifying seven selected PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), in food items that are most important both in terms of consumption and based on known high contamination patterns. The estimated average dietary exposure for adults (18–64 years) and children (3–9 years) is generally below or close to 1 ng/kg BW per d for all seven PFAAs. Considering high consumption of food groups that contribute most to the exposure does not result in estimates exceeding 4 ng/kg BW per d. Thus, based on the TDIs proposed by EFSA for PFOS (150 ng/kg BW per d) and PFOA (1500 ng/kg BW per d), no concern can be identified. There are distinct dietary exposure patterns from region to region as a result of different food consumption and contamination patterns. Foods of plant origin (e.g. fruit and vegetables) are most important for the dietary exposure to PFHxA, PFOA and PFHxS, while the consumption of foods of animal origin (particularly fish & seafood) mostly contributes to the dietary exposure to PFDA and PFUnDA. For the dietary exposure to PFNA and PFOS, food of animal and plant origin contribute with equal importance. In conclusion, region to region differences as well as the relative importance of food of different origin for each PFAA should be paid more attention in further research.
Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2-toxin and some masked metabolites in different cereals and cereal-derived food
Creators: name: M. De Boevre
name: J.D. Di Mavungu
name: P. Maene
name: K. Audenaert
name: D. Deforce
name: G. Haesaert
name: M. Eeckhout
name: A. Callebaut
name: F. Berthiller
name: C. Van Peteghem
name: S. De Saeger
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin and metabolites, including 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate in maize, wheat, oats, cornflakes and bread. Extraction was performed with acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (79/20/1, v/v/v) followed by a hexane defatting step. After filtration, the extract was evaporated and the residue was redissolved in mobile phase for injection. The mobile phase, which consisted of a mixture of methanol and water with 10 mM ammonium acetate, was adjusted to pH 3 with glacial acetic acid. A sample clean-up procedure was not included because of the low recoveries of free and masked mycotoxins and their differences in polarity. The method allowed the simultaneous determination of 13 Fusarium mycotoxins in a one-step chromatographic run using a Waters Acquity UPLC system coupled to a Quattro Premier XE mass spectrometer. The method was validated for several parameters such as linearity, apparent recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, expanded measurement uncertainty and specificity. The limits of detection varied from 5 to 13 ng g−1; those for the limit of quantification from 10 to 26 ng g−1. The results of the performance characteristics of the developed LC-MS/MS method were in good agreement with the criteria mentioned in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006. Thirty samples of a variety of food and feed matrices were sampled and analysed between July 2010 and January 2011.
A field comparison of two reductive dechlorination (zero-valent iron and lactate) methods
Creators: name: Lacinova, Lenka
name: Kvapil, Petr
name: Cernik, Miroslav
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental Science

description: Two parallel pilot experiments were performed at Kurivody (Czech Republic) in order to compare two reductive remedial technologies for chlorinated ethenes – microbial dehalogenation assisted by lactate and chemical dehalogenation with zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles. The methods were applied at a site contaminated by tetrachlorethylene (PCE) and trichlorethylene (TCE), with total concentrations from 10 to 50 mg/l. Concentrations of chlorinated ethenes, inorganic components of interest, pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) were monitored at the site for a period up to 650 days. The method of biological reductive dechlorination supported by lactate showed a considerable removal of PCE and TCE, but temporary accumulation of transient reaction product 1,2-cis-dihloroethene. Reductive dechlorination with nZVI showed a significant reduction in the concentration of chlorinated ethenes without a formation of intermediate products. The development of pH showed only small changes due to the high buffering capacity of the aquifer. Both methods differ in the initial development of ORP, but over the long term showed similar values around 100 mV. Significant differences were observed for chemical oxygen demand, where groundwater after the application of nZVI showed no change in comparison to the application of lactate. The reductive effects of both agents were verified by changes in inorganic compound concentrations.