cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Full tunability and quantum coherent dynamics of a driven multilevel system
Creators: name: Zhou, Yuan
name: Gu, Sisi
name: Wang, Ke
name: Cao, Gang
name: Hu, Xuedong
name: Gong, Ming
name: Li, Hai-Ou
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunability of an artificial quantum system is crucial to its capability to process quantum information. However, tunability usually poses significant demand on the design and fabrication of a device. In this work, we demonstrate that Floquet engineering based on longitudinal driving provides distinct possibilities in enhancing the tunability of a quantum system without needing additional resources. In particular, we study a multilevel model based on gate-defined double quantum dots, where coherent interference occurs when the system is driven longitudinally. We develop an effective model to describe the driven dynamics of this multilevel system, and show that it is highly tunable via the driving field. We then illustrate the versatility and rich physics of a driven multilevel system by exploring phenomena such as driving modulation of resonances, adiabatic state transfer, and dark state. In the context of qubit control, we propose noise-resistant quantum gates based on adiabatic passage. The theoretical consideration we present here is rather general, and is in principle valid for other multilevel quantum systems.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Global embeddings for branes at toric singularities
Creators: name: Balasubramanian, Vijay
name: Berglund, Per
name: Braun, Volker
name: García-Etxebarria, Iñaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe how local toric singularities, including the Toric Lego construction, can be embedded in compact Calabi-Yau manifolds. We study in detail the addition of D-branes, including non-compact flavor branes as typically used in semi-realistic model building. The global geometry provides constraints on allowable local models. As an illustration of our discussion we focus on D3 and D7-branes on (the partially resolved) (dP0)^3 singularity, its embedding in a specific Calabi-Yau manifold as a hypersurface in a toric variety, the related type IIB orientifold compactification, as well as the corresponding F-theory uplift. Our techniques generalize naturally to complete intersections, and to a large class of F-theory backgrounds with singularities.
description: 52 pages, 13 figures. v2: Fixed typos, added refs, improved discussion in section 6. v3: More typos fixed
Dynamics, disorder effects, and PT-symmetry breaking in waveguide lattices with localized eigenstates
Creators: name: Vemuri, Harsha
name: Vavilala, Vaibhav
name: Bhamidipati, Theja
name: Joglekar, Yogesh N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, waveguide lattices with non-uniform tunneling amplitudes have been explored due to their myriad tunable properties, many of which arise from the extended nature of their eigenstates in the absence of disorder. Here, we investigate the dynamics, localization, and parity- and time-reversal-($\mP\mT$) symmetry breaking in lattices that support only localized eigenstates in the disorder-free limit. We propose three families of tunneling profiles that lead to qualitatively different single-particle time evolution, and show that the effects of weak disorder contain signatures of the localized or extended nature of clean-lattice eigenstates. We show that in lattices with localized eigenstates, the signatures of $\mP\mT$-symmetry breaking are acutely sensitive to the initial form of the wave packet. Our results suggest that waveguide lattices with localized eigenstates will exhibit a wide array of phenomena that are absent in traditional systems.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Metaphysical Compatibilism and the Ontology of Trans-World Personhood: A Neo-Lewisian Argument for the Compatibility of Divine Foreknowledge (Determinism) and Metaphysical Free Will
Creators: name: Lenart, Bartlomiej Andrzej
Publisher: name: Metaphysica: International Journal for Ontology and Metaphysics ISSN: 1874-6373
Year: 2022
Subjects: compatibilism
metaphysical compatibilism
free will
determinism
divine foreknowledge
trans-world identity
multiverse
modal realism
counterpart theory
closest continuer theory

description: David Lewis’ contemplations regarding divine foreknowledge and free will, along with some of his other more substantial work on modal realism and his counterpart theory can serve as a springboard to a novel solution to the foreknowledge and metaphysical freedom puzzle, namely a proposal that genuine metaphysical freedom is compatible with determinism, which is quite different from the usual compatibilist focus on the compatibility between determinism and moral responsibility. This paper argues that while Lewis opens the doors to such a possibility, in order to fully elucidate a genuinely metaphysical compatibilist account, Lewis’ own counterpart theory must be abandoned in favour of an account of trans-world identity that is theoretically framed by a modified version of Robert Nozick’s closest continuer theory.
Relationships between maternal self-effiacy, parent training instructional practices and models of parent-professional interaction
Creators: name: Van Delft, Sari
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Parental self-efficacy impacts the manner in which a parent interacts with his or her child, as well as child development. Parental self-efficacy can be influenced by a variety of parent and child characteristics, in addition to contextual factors such as socioeconomic status. Parents of children with autism are at risk for lower self-efficacy due to a number of additional influences, including stress, autism severity, and how professional supports are provided. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between maternal self-efficacy in mothers of children with autism and parent-professional relationships, the instructional techniques utilized in parent training, parenting stress, socioeconomic status, and parents’ perceptions of child progress. A sample of 43 mothers in British Columbia whose children with autism were receiving services from a behavior consultant completed The Early Intervention Parent Questionnaire (EIPQ) that was developed for this study. The EIPQ measures maternal self-efficacy and the variables believed to influence maternal self-efficacy. A regression analysis found that parenting stress and parents’ perceptions of child progress were related equally to maternal self efficacy. Implications are discussed, with suggestions for future research.
Reorienting Toward Queerness: Learning with Virtual Reality and Multi-Agent Simulations of Gender and Sexuality
Creators: name: Paré, Dylan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: virtual reality
subject: multi-agent simulation
subject: gender
subject: sexuality
subject: queer
subject: trans
subject: Education--Technology

description: In the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and STEM education, the predominant body of technoscientific scholarship is largely cisheteronormative, leaving queer and trans perspectives underrepresented. The new technology designs presented in this dissertation, across virtual reality and multi-agent simulations, offer productive ways to reorient technology design toward queer and trans perspectives while developing public understanding of critical perspectives in gender and sexuality. This manuscript-based dissertation explores the design and research of technologies that aim to reorient computing education from its roots in cisheteronormative ideologies and toward addressing LGBTQ+ marginalization. First, in a critical review of the literature, I highlight the historical cisheteronormativity in computer science, queer and trans theories of computing, queer game studies, the technological regulation of LGBTQ+ bodies and identities, and possibilities for queering computing and computing education. I offer ways forward by proposing queer coding and computing architectures, working in active solidarity with LGBTQ+ people in designing computational artifacts, and foregrounding LGBTQ+ embodiments, epistemologies, and axiologies in designing virtual reality and computational simulations. Next, I investigate how participants engage with a VR experience designed to deepen their understanding of gender and sexuality-based marginalization in STEM learning environments. The findings reveal how participants, in interaction with the VR experience, produced ideological stances and emotional configurations that reoriented them to marginalized perspectives grounded in critical queer and trans perspectives. Finally, I analyze how the design of a multi-agent simulation of gender and sexuality-based marginalization and resilience can support conversations about the complex, emergent nature of marginalization. The findings demonstrate how the simulation supported multi-level, emotional, and embodied sense-making about emergent experiences of harm and support. I also show how Flocking QT Stories is an essential departure from previous work on multi-agent systems by analyzing how stories in the simulation served as scaffolds to help participants make sense of the simulation and encourage personal storytelling to make deeper, personal connections. Across these papers, this dissertation offers insights into how we can design and research queer technologies that foreground queer and trans embodiments, epistemologies, and axiologies and better support learning about gender and sexuality and encourage learners to challenge cisheteronormativity.
Leggett-Garg inequality in Markovian quantum dynamics: role of temporal sequencing of coupling to bath
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sayan
name: Varma, Anant V.
name: Das, Sourin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Leggett-Garg inequalities (LGIs) for a two level system (TLS) undergoing Markovian dynamics described by unital maps. We find analytic expression of LG parameter $K_{3}$ (simplest variant of LGIs) in terms of the parameters of two distinct unital maps representing time evolution for intervals: $t_{1}$ to $t_{2}$ and $t_{2}$ to $t_{3}$. We show that the maximum violation of LGI for these maps can never exceed well known Lüders bound of $K_{3}^{L\ddot{u}ders}=3/2$ over the full parameter space. We further show that if the map for the time interval $t_{1}$ to $t_{2}$ is non-unitary unital then irrespective of the choice of the map for interval $t_{2}$ to $t_{3}$ we can never reach Lüders bound. On the other hand, if the measurement operator eigenstates remain pure upon evolution from $t_{1}$ to $t_{2}$, then depending on the degree of decoherence induced by the unital map for the interval $t_{2}$ to $t_{3}$ we may or may not obtain Lüders bound. Specifically, we find that if the unital map for interval $t_{2}$ to $t_{3}$ leads to the shrinking of the Bloch vector beyond half of its unit length, then achieving the bound $K_{3}^{L\ddot{u}ders}$ is not possible. Hence our findings not only establish a threshold for decoherence which will allow for $K_{3} = K_{3}^{L\ddot{u}ders}$, but also demonstrate the importance of temporal sequencing of the exposure of a TLS to Markovian baths in obtaining Lüders bound.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1: of Genome-wide analysis of genes encoding core components of the ubiquitin system in soybean (Glycine max) reveals a potential role for ubiquitination in host immunity against soybean cyst nematode
Creators: name: Zhang, Chunyu
name: Song, Li
name: Choudhary, Mani
name: Zhou, Bangjun
name: Sun, Guangchao
name: Broderick, Kyle
name: Giesler, Loren
name: Zeng, Lirong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. List of soybean ThiF motif-containing proteins. (DOCX 124 kb)
Numerical investigation of azimuthal thermoacoustic instability in a gas turbine model combustor
Creators: name: Chen, Zhi X.
name: Swaminathan, Nedunchezhian
name: Mazur, Marek
name: Worth, Nicholas A.
name: Zhang, Guangyu
name: Li, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-excited spinning mode azimuthal instability in an annular combustor with non-swirling flow is investigated using large eddy simulation (LES). Compressible Navier-Stoke equations are solved with a flamelet combustion model to describe the subgrid chemistry$-$turbulence interactions. Two flamelet models, with and without heat loss effects, are compared to elucidate the non-adiabatic wall effects on the thermoacoustic instability. The azimuthal modes are captured well by both models with only marginal differences in the computed frequencies and amplitudes. By comparing with the experimental measurements, the frequencies given by the LES are approximately 10\% higher and the amplitudes are well predicted. Further analysis of the experimental and LES data shows a similar dominant anti-clockwise spinning mode, under which a good agreement is observed for the phase-averaged heat release rate fluctuations. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is applied to shed more light on this spinning mode. The LES and experimental DMD modes reconstructed for their azimuthal mode frequencies agree very well for the heat release fluctuations. The DMD mode structure for the acoustic pressure from the LES shows a considerable non-zero profile at the combustor outlet, which could be essential for azimuthal modes to establish in this annular combustor. Finally, a low-order modelling study was conducted using an acoustic network combined with the flame transfer function extracted from LES. The results show that the dominant mode is associated with the plenum showing a first longitudinal and azimuthal mixed mode structure. By tuning the plenum length to match the effective volume, the predicted frequency becomes very close to the measured value.
Synthesis of Nucleoside-Based Antiprotozoan Compounds and Total Synthesis of Cylindricine C and its 2,13-Di-epi Stereoisomer
Creators: name: Pastor, Arnaud Mario Denis
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: bioactive
subject: organic
subject: molecules
subject: total
subject: synthesis
subject: Chemistry--Organic

description: Parasitic protozoa employ a salvage pathway to synthesize purines and generate essential active nucleosides and nucleotides, whereas mammals are capable of their de novo biosynthesis. This difference provides opportunity for the design of potential new antiprotozoan compounds. A series of adenosine analogues was prepared by members of our group with modifications at the 2-, 6- and 5'-positions, based on the hypothesis that such compounds would serve as substrates for protozoan nucleoside salvage enzymes, while remaining refractory in mammalian cells. The altered nucleosides were designed to produce toxic metabolites upon cleavage to the corresponding purine base and uptake by the parasite. One adenosine derivative that is described in this thesis proved highly effective against Plasmodium falciparum (malaria): IC50 = 110 nM and selectivity index (SI) versus a mammalian cell line of 1010. Consequently, its synthesis was optimized and several new analogues containing different amino groups were prepared and assayed. Furthermore, one 7-deazaguanosine derivative proved effective against Leishmania donovani (leishmaniasis): IC50 = 60 nM and SI = 2720, as well as against several other pathogenic protozoa. Therefore, a new synthesis leading to the antileishmaniasis compound was also designed and optimized. Cylindricine alkaloids possess a rather uncommon tricyclic pyrrolo[2,1-j]quinoline framework containing a cis-fused azadecalin skeleton, making them unique molecules. They are difficult to isolate from natural sources and novel approaches to synthesize these compounds are thus required. Our research group has synthesized 2,13-di-epi-cylindricine C and cylindricine C via a tandem conjugate addition and intramolecular cyclization of a key intermediate ß-amino ester and an acetylenic sulfone. Following consecutive desulfonylation and reduction of the resulting enaminone double bond moiety yielded 2,13-di-epi-cylindricine C and cylindricine C in a diastereomeric ratio of 3:1. The former molecule appears to be novel, and its spectroscopic data failed to match those of any existing stereoisomers in the literature. Crystallization methods were attempted and 2D NMR techniques, as well as computational calculations, were employed in order to fully characterize the proposed structure of 2,13-di-epi-cylindricine C. Furthermore, an enhancement of the 3:1 d.r. was attempted by means of chiral selenium electrophiles in another key cyclization step.
Equivalent $SU(3)_f$ approaches for two-body anti-triplet charmed baryon decays
Creators: name: Hsiao, Y. K.
name: Wang, Y. L.
name: Zhao, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the two-body ${\bf B}_c\to{\bf B}M$ decays, where ${\bf B}_c$ denotes the anti-triplet charm baryon and ${\bf B}(M)$ the octet baryon (meson), there exist two theoretical studies based on the $SU(3)$ flavor [$SU(3)_f$] symmetry. One is the irreducible $SU(3)_f$ approach (IRA). In the irreducible $SU(3)_f$ representation, the effective Hamiltonian related to the initial and final states forms the amplitudes for ${\bf B}_c\to{\bf B}M$. The other is the topological-diagram approach (TDA), where the $W$-boson emission and $W$-boson exchange topologies are drawn and parameterized for the decays. As required by the group theoretical consideration, we present the same number of the IRA and TDA amplitudes. We can hence relate the two kinds of the amplitudes, and demonstrate the equivalence of the two $SU(3)_f$ approaches. We find a specific $W$-boson exchange topology only contributing to $Ξ_c^0\to{\bf B}M$. Denoted by $E_M$, it plays a key role in explaining ${\cal B}(Ξ_c^0\to Λ^0 K_S^0,Σ^0 K_S^0,Σ^+ K^-)$. We consider that $Λ_c^+ \to n π^+$ and $Λ_c^+ \to pπ^0$ proceed through the constructive and destructive interfering effects, respectively, which leads to ${\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to n π^+)\gg{\cal B}(Λ_c^+ \to pπ^0)$ in agreement with the data. With the exact and broken $SU(3)_f$ symmetries, we predict the branching fractions of ${\bf B}_c\to{\bf B}M$ to be tested by future measurements.
description: 14 pages, 7 tables, 1 figure, published version
PatchCensor: Patch Robustness Certification for Transformers via Exhaustive Testing
Creators: name: Huang, Yuheng
name: Ma, Lei
name: Li, Yuanchun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vision Transformer (ViT) is known to be highly nonlinear like other classical neural networks and could be easily fooled by both natural and adversarial patch perturbations. This limitation could pose a threat to the deployment of ViT in the real industrial environment, especially in safety-critical scenarios. In this work, we propose PatchCensor, aiming to certify the patch robustness of ViT by applying exhaustive testing. We try to provide a provable guarantee by considering the worst patch attack scenarios. Unlike empirical defenses against adversarial patches that may be adaptively breached, certified robust approaches can provide a certified accuracy against arbitrary attacks under certain conditions. However, existing robustness certifications are mostly based on robust training, which often requires substantial training efforts and the sacrifice of model performance on normal samples. To bridge the gap, PatchCensor seeks to improve the robustness of the whole system by detecting abnormal inputs instead of training a robust model and asking it to give reliable results for every input, which may inevitably compromise accuracy. Specifically, each input is tested by voting over multiple inferences with different mutated attention masks, where at least one inference is guaranteed to exclude the abnormal patch. This can be seen as complete-coverage testing, which could provide a statistical guarantee on inference at the test time. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates that PatchCensor is able to achieve high certified accuracy (e.g. 67.1% on ImageNet for 2%-pixel adversarial patches), significantly outperforming state-of-the-art techniques while achieving similar clean accuracy (81.8% on ImageNet). Meanwhile, our technique also supports flexible configurations to handle different adversarial patch sizes (up to 25%) by simply changing the masking strategy.
description: This paper has been accepted by ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM'23) in "Continuous Special Section: AI and SE." Please include TOSEM for any citations
Front matter for: New Guinea area languages and language study, Vol. 1, Papuan languages and the New Guinea linguistic scene
Creators: name: Wurm, S.A. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1975

description: DEDICATION BY THE HONOURABLE THE PRIME MINISTER OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, MR M.T. SOMARE, M.P. iiiSPECIAL DEDICATION TO THE FIRST VOLUME BY THE HONOURABLE THE PRIME MINISTER OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA, MR M.T. SOMARE, M.P. vPREFACE viiSUMMARY TABLE OF CONTENTS xINTRODUCTION xiiiDETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS OF DIVISIONS 1-3 xxiv
The Pinocchio revolution—when the protagonists come to life : covert story within the cybercommunity of Facebook
Creators: name: Hart, Melissa Jane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Enter a digital world where reality and fantasy intermingle and avatars are not only phenomenological but also tactile. The Pinocchio Revolution—When Protagonists Come to Life delves into a digital story unrecognizable in the traditional sense. This thesis focuses on research that examines the covert story telling practiced within the global cybercommunity of Facebook. To date there are no other published studies on this subculture of Facebook. The story involves cybercitizens that are stuffies (in the United Kingdom they are referred to as fluffies)—stuffed animal toys. The cyberstuffies do not represent an actual human individual but rather, an autonomous fictional character created by a covert human being. However, the characters’ identities often intertwine with that of their human creator. Theories that influence the ethnographical study are the theories of hybridity and intertextuality and socio semiotic theory; all included in the broader multiliteracies theory. In addition, the theory of popular culture as everyday culture theory is considered. Furthermore, as the cybercitizens are both tactile and phenomenological, the theory of phenomenological immersion is explored in the paper. Facebook story is both fiction and nonfiction and off-line/online distinctions are blurred as these worlds become indistinguishable. Identity is fluid and constantly evolving to suit the current story line. The role of multiauthorship is key to the creation of Facebook story. One must be highly socially literate to succeed as a Facebook cyberstuffy. The Facebook story is hypertextual, written using a broad variety of on and off-line modes and mediums. It is a novel and covert approach to creating story—the participants are violating Facebook policy by their mere existence. This adds a dimension of tension to the story as authors create with the constant threat that their “work” and cyber identity may vanish at any moment. The research will benefit the areas of education, media, literacy, and the arts. Exploring new ways in which story is being practiced online through a multiliteracies theory is important for educators. Especially interesting to educators and new media designers will be the formation of online identity and the relationships between identity, cyberidentity, cybercitizenship and cybercommunity and cyberartifact.
Additional file 4 of Circular RNA hsa_circ_0002483 promotes growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-125a-3p
Creators: name: Wan, Jun
name: Ding, Guanggui
name: Zhou, Min
name: Ling, Xiean
name: Rao, Zhanpeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Figure S3. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the association of CCL4expression with overall survival in patients with LUAC.
On-chip unidirectional waveguiding for surface acoustic waves along a defect line in a triangular lattice
Creators: name: Zhou, Yun
name: Zhang, Naiqing
name: Bisharat, Dia'aaldin J.
name: Davis, Robert J.
name: Zhang, Zichen
name: Friend, James
name: Bandaru, Prabhakar R.
name: Sievenpiper, Daniel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest advances in topological physics have yielded a rich toolset to design highly robust wave transfer systems, for overcoming issues like beam steering and lateral diffraction in surface acoustic waves (SAWs). However, presently used designs for topologically protected SAWs have been largely limited to spin or valley-polarized phases, which rely on non-zero Berry curvature effects. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate a highly robust SAW waveguide on lithium niobate (LiNbO3), based on a line defect within a true triangular phononic lattice, which instead employs an intrinsic chirality of phase vortices and maintains a zero Berry curvature. The guided SAW mode spans a wide bandwidth and shows confinement in the lateral direction with 3 dB attenuation within half of the unit-cell length. SAW routing around sharp bends has been demonstrated in such waveguide, with less than ~4% reflection per bend. The waveguide has also been found robust for defect lines with different configurations. The fully on-chip system permits unidirectional SAW modes that are tightly bound to the waveguide, which provides a compact footprint ideal for miniaturization of practical applications and offers insight into the possibility of manipulating highly focused SAW propagation.
Pushing for Gold On Force Application in Bobsleigh and Cycling
Creators: name: Onasch, Franziska Maren
Publisher: name: Kinesiology
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biomechanics
subject: Sports Science
subject: Bobsleigh
subject: Force Application
subject: Cycling
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Applied Mechanics

description: In many sports, performance is governed by an athlete’s ability to produce force paired with a given movement velocity and, thereby, generate power. The 4-man bobsled push start is an event that requires team effort, and its goal is to maximize sled velocity in the shortest possible time. Fractions of a second can decide the outcome of a race, and off-ice tests designed to assess strength and speed are used to identify the athletes that will perform best. However, the actual contributions of the team members during the push start on ice have not been measured. The objective of the first project in this thesis was to better understand the push contributions of the four athletes in a 4-man team by analyzing the components of the push start. A 4-man bobsled was instrumented to record both sled velocity and 2D push forces as applied to the sled by the athletes during the push start. Push force was observed to decrease quickly once the sled picked up speed, and the execution of the loading was discovered to be a crucial component of the push start that can affect overall performance. In project 2, a prowler sled was instrumented to measure sled velocity and push force in an off-ice push force-velocity test to be used as a training and assessment tool in bobsleigh athletes. Greater force results in greater power output – if the force is applied the right way. In project 3 we studied force effectiveness in cycling, where only pedal force directed perpendicular to the crank is effective i.e., results in propulsion, while forces parallel to the crank have been considered wasted. In our study, we aimed to determine the impact of constrained pedal force direction on force output. Constraining static pedal force to be perpendicular to the crank only was counterproductive and resulted in significantly reduced force magnitude. In summary, this thesis work contributes to the applied study of power output in sports, with instrumented devices aiding the study of force and power output in athletes, novel data, and the proposal for a new training method.
Holographic Entanglement Entropy and Fermi Surfaces
Creators: name: Shaghoulian, Edgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement entropy in theories with a Fermi surface is known to produce a logarithmic violation of the usual area law behavior. We explore the possibility of producing this logarithmic violation holographically by analyzing the IR regions of the bulk geometries dual to such theories. The geometry of Ogawa, Takayanagi, and Ugajin is explored and shown to have a null curvature singularity for all values of parameters, except for dynamical critical exponent 3/2 in four dimensions. The results are extended to general hyperscaling violation exponent. We explore strings propagating through the singularity and show that they become infinitely excited, suggesting the singularity is not resolved by stringy effects and may become a full-fledged "stringularity." An Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton embedding of the nonsingular geometry is exhibited where the dilaton asymptotes to a constant in the IR. The unique nonsingular geometry in any given number of dimensions is proposed as a model to study the T=0 limit of a theory with a Fermi surface.
description: 20 pages plus appendices, 5 figures; v2 discussion clarified, results generalized, and acknowledgments updated
Full Bibliography References of Andrew H Wyllie from ANDREW DAVID HAMILTON WYLLIE. 24 January 1944 — 26 May 2022
Creators: name: Arends, Mark J.
name: Stanley, Margaret
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310199
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology not elsewhere classified

description: Andrew Wyllie graduated from the University of Aberdeen, becoming an academic pathologist in Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Cambridge. He was the co-discoverer of apoptotic cell death, having observed single cells dying following carcinogen exposure. Together with Alastair Currie and John Kerr, he realized the profound importance of this novel mode of cell death that showed a distinctive series of morphological changes, which he first described as a new cell death process. Wyllie and Currie introduced the term ‘apoptosis’ for this cell death process in a seminal paper in 1972. Another landmark discovery was of chromatin fragmentation in apoptosis, due to activation of an endogenous endonuclease that caused internucleosomal DNA cleavage (‘chromatin laddering’), which was the first biochemical mechanism of apoptosis described. He further characterized chromatin fragmentation in the 1980s, followed by investigations of cell surface changes to produce ‘eat-me’ signals to trigger rapid phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells and bodies, intracellular calcium ion signalling, caspase activation and other mechanisms of apoptosis. His cancer research helped identify the location of APC and generated his demonstration that apoptosis was regulated by oncogenes MYC and RAS and by tumour suppressor genes, such as TP53. He showed how apoptosis occurred in response to DNA damage and was a key process influencing both carcinogenesis and tumour growth. Andrew made a major scientific observation that changed the understanding of how cells die in health and disease, although it took time for the scientific establishment to understand its fundamental importance. Andrew Wyllie is widely known as the ‘Father of Apoptosis’.
Clustering and gelation of hard spheres induced by the Pickering effect
Creators: name: Fortini, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A mixture of hard-sphere particles and model emulsion droplets is studied with a Brownian dynamics simulation. We find that the addition of nonwetting emulsion droplets to a suspension of pure hard spheres can lead to both gas-liquid and fluid-solid phase separations. Furthermore, we find a stable fluid of hard-sphere clusters. The stability is due to the saturation of the attraction that occurs when the surface of the droplets is completely covered with colloidal particles. At larger emulsion droplet densities a percolation transition is observed. The resulting networks of colloidal particles show dynamical and mechanical properties typical of a colloidal gel. The results of the model are in good qualitative agreement with recent experimental findings [E. Koos and N. Willenbacher, Science 331, 897 (2011)] in a mixture of colloidal particles and two immiscible fluids.
description: 5 figures, 5 pages
Optimization Approaches for Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy Treatment Planning
Creators: name: Mousazadeh, Bahar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optimization
subject: Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy
subject: Treatment Planning
subject: Cancer
subject: Linear Programming
subject: Moment
subject: Education--Mathematics

description: Radiation therapy is a critical modality in the field of oncology. The primary goal of radiation therapy is to destroy or control the growth of cancerous cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy (IMPT) is a type of radiation therapy that utilizes protons to irradiate the tumor. The unique physical properties of protons enable precise control over the radiation dose distribution within the tumor and more effective sparing of healthy tissues. Typically, radiation therapy treatment planning is posed as a multi-criteria optimization problem, whereby the challenge is finding the best possible treatment plan. In this study, we formulate and compare two optimization approaches for IMPT treatment planning. We first explore a linear programming (LP) approach, followed by a moment-based approach where we incorporate the dose-volume requirements into the fluence map optimization (FMO) problem. The evaluation of these models is conducted using anonymized patient data corresponding to a lung cancer case, with a focus on generating a good-quality initial plan that is amenable to further refinement. The moment-based approach has a drawback in terms of its high memory usage. To mitigate this limitation, we explore several sparsification strategies aimed at reducing memory requirements. Employing an aggressive sparsification method, we demonstrate that the moment-based approach outperforms the LP model in dosimetric outcomes and computational run-time. We highlight a trade-off between the quality of the treatment plan and computational run-time when utilizing different sparcification strategies for the moment-based approach. By adopting a less strict sparsification method, we anticipate achieving higher-quality treatment plans at the expense of increased computational run-time.
Topology and geometry of 6-dimensional (1,0) supergravity black hole horizons
Creators: name: Akyol, Mehmet
name: Papadopoulos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the supersymmetric near horizon black hole geometries of 6-dimensional supergravity coupled to any number of scalar and tensor multiplets are either locally $AdS_3\times Σ^3$, where Σ^3 is a homology 3-sphere, or $\bR^{1,1}\times {\cal S}^4$, where ${\cal S}^4$ is a 4-manifold whose geometry depends on the hypermultiplet scalars. In both cases, we find that the tensorini multiplet scalars are constant and the associated 3-form field strengths vanish. We also demonstrate that the $AdS_3\times Σ^3$ horizons preserve 2, 4 and 8 supersymmetries. For horizons with 4 supersymmetries, Σ^3 is in addition a non-trivial circle fibration over a topological 2-sphere. The near horizon geometries preserving 8 supersymmetries are locally isometric to either $AdS_3\times S^3$ or $\bR^{1,1}\times T^4$. Moreover, we show that the $\bR^{1,1}\times {\cal S}$ horizons preserve 1, 2 and 4 supersymmetries and the geometry of ${\cal S}$ is Riemann, Kähler and hyper-Kähler, respectively.
description: 20 pages; minor corrections, some references added
Demographically Diverse Anthropographics: Exploring Equitable Visual Representations of Diversity
Creators: name: Dhawka, Priyadarshinee
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Diverse Anthropographics
subject: Equity
subject: Demographic Data
subject: Diversity
subject: Anthropographics
subject: Computer Science

description: In this thesis, we explore the design of demographically diverse anthropographics from demographic data. Anthropographics are visualizations that often use generic human-shaped symbols as abstract representations of humans. These visualizations are frequently used to convey the human importance of data related to people’s experiences, usually focusing on demographic data such as age, gender, race among others. However, most current anthropographics employ generic human shapes to represent data about distinct demographic groups, which can hide important demographic and physical differences between these groups. The use of generic human shapes in current anthropographics highlights the lack of inclusive approaches for representing human physical diversity in data visualizations. In response,we explore the creation of demographically diverse anthropographics that communicate the visible physical diversity of demographically-distinct populations. Our contributions stem from a set of critical design explorations for visualizing demographic data with a focus on representing human physical diversity and a study exploring how viewers perceive visual representations of diversity in anthropographics. We make three contributions in this work. First, we describe critical design explorations from two prototypes for representing racial demographic data as physical characteristics of diversity (such as skin tones) in diverse anthropographics. Second, we explore how viewers may perceive visual representations of demographic diversity in anthropographics through an interview study on contemporary examples of homogeneous anthropographics from popular news media and our own set of diverse anthropographics. Finally, we identify a set of social and technical challenges in the creation of anthropographics and contribute a collection of forward-looking opportunities for advancing this line of research on equitable visual representations of diversity through demographically diverse anthropographics.
title: Timeframing: Temporal Aesthetics in Digital Comics
Creators: name: Loyer, Erik
Publisher: name: The Digital Review
Year: 2021

description: Timeframing: Temporal Aesthetics in Digital Comics is a video essay that positions the juxtaposition of temporal vignettes — whether in film, video, digital comics, video games, or any other medium — as a distinct practice called timeframing. The essay was created using a tool called Stepworks that Loyer designed to encourage the exploration of this practice, which has significant connections to comics, along with its own unique qualities. Following the video Loyer provides additional ways to understand Stepworks as a platform, including a screenplay-style script and way to visualize its creation process step-by-step.
Geological and multi-analytical investigations on the predictability of application scenarios for soft, clay-rich sedimentary rock for CERN's future subsurface infrastructure in the Geneva Basin (Switzerland-France)
Creators: name: Haas, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Future Circular Collider (FCC)
excavated material
Disposal
application scenarios
MATEX
Geneva Basin
multi-disciplinary rock characterisation
CERN
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich
University of Geneva (Université de Genève) UNIGE
Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL)
Molasse
Glaciogenic deposits
Limestone
Sand-rich rock
Clay-rich rock
Marl
Conglomerate
Geological formations
Subsurface infrastructure

description: This cumulative doctoral research has been performed as part of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. The goal of this thesis was to (1) identify the encountered geology by CERN’s proposed future subsurface infrastructure across the Geneva Basin and its associated geological hazards and (2) to develop a rock characterisation to predict application scenarios for its proposed excavated rock and soil. The comprehensive, multi-analytical rock characterisation serves as a basis for the evaluation of application scenarios. It is based on the review of more than 600 wells, the digitisation and analysis of geophysical well-logs, as well as field and laboratory analyses across the domains of geochemistry, (clay) mineralogy, rock mechanics and petrophysics. These analyses were performed at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, both Switzerland, and the Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL), Austria, respectively. The thesis fulfills the formal requirements stated by the Montanuniversität Leoben for a cumulative doctoral thesis according to the document "Curriculum für das Doktoratsstudium der montanistischen Wissenschaften an der Montanuniversität Leoben". It consists of a collection of scientific manuscripts published in international peerreviewed journals and conference proceedings as well as technical reports published on the open-access ZENODO platform.
 This study has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under
 grant agreement number 951754.
Dissipation of micro-cantilevers as a function of air pressure and metallic coating
Creators: name: Li, Tianjun
name: Bellon, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we characterize the internal dissipation of coated micro-cantilevers through their mechanical thermal noise. Using a home-made interferometric setup, we achieve a resolution down to 1E-14m/rtHz in the measurement of their deflection. With the use of the fluctuation dissipation theorem and of the Kramers-Kronig relations, we rebuilt the full mechanical response function from the measured noise spectrum, and investigate frequency dependent dissipation as a function of the air pressure and of the nature of the metallic coatings. Using different thicknesses of gold coatings, we discuss the source of the internal viscoelastic damping.
Highly precise AMCW time-of-flight scanning sensor based on digital-parallel demodulation
Creators: name: Lee, Sung-Hyun
name: Kwon, Wook-Hyeon
name: Lim, Yoon-Seop
name: Park, Yong-Hwa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, a novel amplitude-modulated continuous wave (AMCW) time-of-flight (ToF) scanning sensor based on digital-parallel demodulation is proposed and demonstrated in the aspect of distance measurement precision. Since digital-parallel demodulation utilizes a high-amplitude demodulation signal with zero-offset, the proposed sensor platform can maintain extremely high demodulation contrast. Meanwhile, as all cross correlated samples are calculated in parallel and in extremely short integration time, the proposed sensor platform can utilize a 2D laser scanning structure with a single photo detector, maintaining a moderate frame rate. This optical structure can increase the received optical SNR and remove the crosstalk of image pixel array. Based on these measurement properties, the proposed AMCW ToF scanning sensor shows highly precise 3D depth measurement performance. In this study, this precise measurement performance is explained in detail. Additionally, the actual measurement performance of the proposed sensor platform is experimentally validated under various conditions.