cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and neutrino signal of black hole formation in non-rotating failed supernovae. I. EOS dependence
Creators: name: Sumiyoshi, K.
name: Yamada, S.
name: Suzuki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the black hole formation and the neutrino signal from the gravitational collapse of a non-rotating massive star of 40 Msun. Adopting two different sets of realistic equation of state (EOS) of dense matter, we perform the numerical simulations of general relativistic neutrino-radiation hydrodynamics under the spherical symmetry. We make comparisons of the core bounce, the shock propagation, the evolution of nascent proto-neutron star and the resulting re-collapse to black hole to reveal the influence of EOS. We also explore the influence of EOS on the neutrino emission during the evolution toward the black hole formation. We find that the speed of contraction of the nascent proto-neutron star, whose mass increases fast due to the intense accretion, is different depending on the EOS and the resulting profiles of density and temperature differ significantly. The black hole formation occurs at 0.6-1.3 sec after bounce when the proto-neutron star exceeds its maximum mass, which is crucially determined by the EOS. We find that the average energies of neutrinos increase after bounce because of rapid temperature increase, but at different speeds depending on the EOS. The duration of neutrino emission up to the black hole formation is found different according to the different timing of re-collapse. These characteristics of neutrino signatures are distinguishable from those for ordinary proto-neutron stars in successful core-collapse supernovae. We discuss that a future detection of neutrinos from black-hole-forming collapse will contribute to reveal the black hole formation and to constrain the EOS at high density and temperature.
description: 32 pages, 33 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Assertion-Based Approaches to Auditing Complex Elections, with Application to Party-List Proportional Elections
Creators: name: Blom, Michelle
name: Budurushi, Jurlind
name: Rivest, Ronald L.
name: Stark, Philip B.
name: Stuckey, Peter J.
name: Teague, Vanessa
name: Vukcevic, Damjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Risk-limiting audits (RLAs), an ingredient in evidence-based elections, are increasingly common. They are a rigorous statistical means of ensuring that electoral results are correct, usually without having to perform an expensive full recount -- at the cost of some controlled probability of error. A recently developed approach for conducting RLAs, SHANGRLA, provides a flexible framework that can encompass a wide variety of social choice functions and audit strategies. Its flexibility comes from reducing sufficient conditions for outcomes to be correct to canonical `assertions' that have a simple mathematical form. Assertions have been developed for auditing various social choice functions including plurality, multi-winner plurality, super-majority, Hamiltonian methods, and instant runoff voting. However, there is no systematic approach to building assertions. Here, we show that assertions with linear dependence on transformations of the votes can easily be transformed to canonical form for SHANGRLA. We illustrate the approach by constructing assertions for party-list elections such as Hamiltonian free list elections and elections using the D'Hondt method, expanding the set of social choice functions to which SHANGRLA applies directly.
description: 16 pages
Mária Mihokóvá, Slovník Košických osobností 1848—1918
Creators: name: Meier, Jörg
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Studies on the expression of normal and structurally altered dihydrofolate reductase in mouse and human methotrexate-resistant tumour cells
Creators: name: Dedhar, Shoukat
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The activity of dihydrofolate reductase, a key enzyme in the de novo biosynthesis of thymidylate, purines, and some amino acids, had previously been found to be increased in a methotrexate-resistant mouse leukemia (L5178Y) cell line as compared to the activity in the parental methotrexate-sensitive cell line. The increased activity was composed of two forms of the enzyme, one of which, form 2, was highly insensitive to inhibition by methotrexate. Both forms were purified to near homogeneity and using the antibodies prepared against them, it could be demonstrated that the two forms are antigenically distinct. The increased dihydrofolate reductase activity present in the methotrexate resistant cells resulted from an overproduction of both forms of the enzyme due to the presence of abundant mRNA coding for these enzymes. An increase in the dihydrofolate reductase gene copy number could be demonstrated in the resistant cells. mRNA coding for form 1 and form 2 enzymes was greatly enriched by polysome immunoprecipitation and complimentary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized in vitro from these enriched mRNA molecules. Evidence was found for the presence of methotrexate-insensitive forms of dihydroflate reductase in the blast cells of three out of eight acute myelogenous leukemia patients, and in two (distinct from the above) of the eight patients the activity was significantly increased. In contrast to the overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase protein in the methotrexate-resistant mouse cell line, increased enzyme activity in a methotrexate-resistant human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line could not be correlated with an increase in the enzyme protein. Furthermore, the amounts of dihydrofolate reductase mRNA and gene-dosages were similar in the parental metho-trexate-sensitive and methotrexate-resistant cells. The enzyme from the resistant cells differed significantly in some of its physical and kinetic properties from that present in the parental cells. An increase in dihydrofolate reductase activity resulting from a modification of the enzyme rather than gene amplification has not to date been reported in the literature and may present a novel mechanism of resistance to methotrexate.
František Mezihorák, Hry o Moravu. Separatisté, iredentisté a kolaboranti 1938—1945
Creators: name: Kracik, Jörg
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Die Protokolle des Österreichischen Ministerrates 1848—1867. V. Abteilung: Die Ministerien Erzherzog Rainer und Mensdorff. Band 9: 9. Dezember 1864—11. Juli 1865
Creators: name: Flöter, Jonas
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Libor Jan, Rudolf Procházka, Bohumil Samek, Sedm set let brněnské kapituly
Creators: name: Bahlcke, Joachim
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
From the conserved Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation to a coalescing particles model
Creators: name: Politi, Paolo
name: ben-Avraham, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conserved Kuramoto-Sivashinsky (CKS) equation, u_t = -(u+u_xx+u_x^2)_xx, has recently been derived in the context of crystal growth, and it is also strictly related to a similar equation appearing, e.g., in sand-ripple dynamics. We show that this equation can be mapped into the motion of a system of particles with attractive interactions, decaying as the inverse of their distance. Particles represent vanishing regions of diverging curvature, joined by arcs of a single parabola, and coalesce upon encounter. The coalescing particles model is easier to simulate than the original CKS equation. The growing interparticle distance \ell represents coarsening of the system, and we are able to establish firmly the scaling \ell(t) \sim \sqrt{t}. We obtain its probability distribution function, g(\ell), numerically, and study it analytically within the hypothesis of uncorrelated intervals, finding an overestimate at large distances. Finally, we introduce a method based on coalescence waves which might be useful to gain better analytical insights into the model.
description: 16 pages, abstract and some parts have been rewritten. The paper has been accepted for publication in Physica D - Nonlinear phenomena
Zur Geschichte der Germanistik, Anglistik und Skandinavistik in Polen
Creators: name: Kuczyński, Krzysztof A.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
On the symmetry of b-functions of linear free divisors
Creators: name: Granger, Michel
name: Schulze, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11S90, 14F40, 17B66

description: We introduce the concept of a prehomogeneous determinant as a nonreduced version of a linear free divisor. Both are special cases of prehomogeneous vector spaces. We show that the roots of the $b$-function are symmetric about -1 for reductive prehomogeneous determinants and for regular special linear free divisors. For general prehomogeneous determinants, we describe conditions under which this symmetry still holds. Combined with Kashiwara's theorem on the roots of b-functions, our symmetry result shows that -1 is the only integer root of the b-function. This gives a positive answer to a problem posed by Castro-Jimenez and Ucha-Enriquez in the above cases. We study the condition of (strong) Euler homogeneity in terms of the action of the stabilizers on the normal spaces. As an application of our results, we show that the logarithmic comparison theorem holds for Koszul free reductive linear free divisors exactly if they are (strongly) Euler homogeneous.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Propagation mechanism of surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering light through one-dimensional plasmonic hotspot along silver nanowire dimer junction
Creators: name: Itoh, Tamitake
name: Yamamoto, Yuko S.
name: Balachandran, Jeyadevan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the propagation of surface-enhanced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) light by several micrometers through a one-dimensional hotspot (1D HS) located between a plasmonic nanowire dimer (NWD). The propagation exhibits the properties, e.g. an effective propagation induced by excitation and detection polarization orthogonal to the 1D HS long axis, the propagation profiles composed of bright short and dark long propagations, SERRS spectral shapes independent of localized plasmon (LP) resonance of NWDs, redshifts in the SERRS spectra at the edges of 1D HSs, and considerable NWD-by-NWD variations in the propagation lengths. These properties are well reproduced by numerical calculations based on electromagnetism. These calculations reveals the following propagation mechanism: excitation light resonantly coupled with LP at the edges of 1D HSs, and the light energy is transferred to two types of junction SP modes supporting the short and long propagations; these modes are attributed to the upper and lower branches of coupled two SP modes. This mechanism comprehensively clarifies the abovementioned properties.
description: 53 pages, 13 figures
Electroweak baryogenesis via bottom transport: complementarity between LHC and future lepton collider probes
Creators: name: Modak, Tanmoy
name: Senaha, Eibun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the complementarity between the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future lepton colliders in probing electroweak baryogenesis induced by an additional bottom Yukawa coupling $ρ_{bb}$. The context is general two Higgs doublet model (g2HDM) where such additional bottom Yukawa coupling can account for the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe if $\mbox{Im}(ρ_{bb}) \gtrsim 0.058$. We find that LHC would probe the nominal $\mbox{Im}(ρ_{bb})$ required for baryogenesis to some extent via $bg \to bA \to bZh$ process if $300~\mbox{GeV}\lesssim m_A \lesssim 450$ GeV, where $A$ is the CP-odd scalar in g2HDM. We show that future electron positron collider such as International Linear Collider with $500$ GeV and 1 TeV collision energies may offer unique probe for the nominal $\mbox{Im}(ρ_{bb})$ via $e^+ e^- \to Z^*\to A H$ process followed by $A,H \to b \bar b$ decays in four $b$-jets signature. For complementarity we also study the resonant diHiggs productions, which may give an insight into strong first-order electroweak phase transition, via $e^+ e^- \to Z^*\to A H \to A h h$ process in six $b$-jets signature. We find that 1 TeV collision energy with $\mathcal{O}(1)~\text{ab}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity could offer an ideal environment for the discovery.
description: matches published version
Polarimetric properties of Event Horizon Telescope targets from ALMA
Creators: name: Goddi, Ciriaco
name: Marti-Vidal, Ivan
name: Messias, Hugo
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Broderick, Avery E.
name: Dexter, Jason
name: Marrone, Daniel P.
name: Moscibrodzka, Monika
name: Nagai, Hiroshi
name: Algaba, Juan Carlos
name: Asada, Keiichi
name: Crew, Geoffrey B.
name: Gomez, Jose L.
name: Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette
name: Janssen, Michael
name: Kadler, Matthias
name: Krichbaum, Thomas P.
name: Lico, Rocco
name: Matthews, Lynn D.
name: Nathanail, Antonios
name: Ricarte, Angelo
name: Ros, Eduardo
name: Younsi, Ziri
name: Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope
name: Bruni, Gabriele
name: Gopakumar, A.
name: Hernandez-Gomez, Antonio
name: Herrero-Illana, Ruben
name: Ingram, Adam
name: Komossa, S.
name: Muders, Y. Y. Kovalev Dirk
name: Perucho, Manel
name: Rosch, Florian
name: Valtonen, Mauri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from a full polarization study carried out with ALMA during the first VLBI campaign, which was conducted in Apr 2017 in the $λ$3mm and $λ$1.3mm bands, in concert with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) and the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), respectively. We determine the polarization and Faraday properties of all VLBI targets, including Sgr A*, M87, and a dozen radio-loud AGN. We detect high linear polarization fractions (2-15%) and large rotation measures (RM $>10^{3.3}-10^{5.5}$ rad m$^{-2}$). For Sgr A* we report a mean RM of $(-4.2\pm0.3) \times10^5$ rad m$^{-2}$ at 1.3 mm, consistent with measurements over the past decade, and, for the first time, an RM of $(-2.1\pm0.1) \times10^5$ rad m$^{-2}$ at 3 mm, suggesting that about half of the Faraday rotation at 1.3 mm may occur between the 3 mm photosphere and the 1.3 mm source. We also report the first unambiguous measurement of RM toward the M87 nucleus at mm wavelengths, which undergoes significant changes in magnitude and sign reversals on a one year time-scale, spanning the range from -1.2 to 0.3 $\times\,10^5$ rad m$^{-2}$ at 3 mm and -4.1 to 1.5 $\times\,10^5$ rad m$^{-2}$ at 1.3 mm. Given this time variability, we argue that, unlike the case of Sgr A*, the RM in M87 does not provide an accurate estimate of the mass accretion rate onto the black hole. We put forward a two-component model, comprised of a variable compact region and a static extended region, that can simultaneously explain the polarimetric properties observed by both the EHT and ALMA. These measurements provide critical constraints for the calibration, analysis, and interpretation of simultaneously obtained VLBI data with the EHT and GMVA.
description: 62 pages, 26 figures, published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters on March 24, 2021
Żydzi szydłowieccy. Materiały sesji popularnonaukowej 22 lutego 1997 roku
Creators: name: Friedrich, Klaus-Peter
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
The domestic drama of Thomas Dekker, 1599-1621
Creators: name: Comensoli, Viviana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The dissertation reappraises Thomas Dekker's dramatic achievement through an examination of his contribution to the development of Elizabethan-Jacobean domestic drama. Dekker's alterations and modifications of two essential features of early English domestic drama--the homiletic pattern of sin, punishment, and repentance, which the genre inherited from the morality tradition, and the glorification of the cult of domesticity--attest to a complex moral and dramatic vision which critics have generally ignored. In Patient Grissil, his earliest extant domestic play, which portrays ambivalently the vicissitudes of marital and family life, Dekker combines an allegorical superstructure with a realistic setting. The tension between homiletic and realistic impulses is also at the heart of The Honest Whore. In Part I, although Dekker provides a trenchant portrait of the afflicted domus, the play's satirical tone clashes oddly with the homiletic schemes. In Part II, however, the marriage code is presented amid intricate plotting and a complex ethical design in which orthodox homiletic paradigms such as the patient wife, the testing of the wife's virtue, and the prodigal husband's reformation are consistently undermined through irony and paradox. Taken as a whole, these three plays reveal Dekker's growing cynicism toward the tidy moral and dramatic schemes of their analogues, and of the treatises and domestic-conduct books from which domestic dramas took their plots. Dekker's skillful exploitation of homiletic motifs extends to the comic vision of The Roaring Girl. The play sustains a central tension between the domus and the city, and offers a bold portrait of the heroine, Moll Cutpurse, who scorns marriage, preferring the openness of the city to the confinement of the household. In Dekker's domestic tragedy, The Witch of Edmonton, written shortly after his lengthy imprisonment for debt, the comic optimism that informs The Roaring Girl yields to bitter tones and to the defeat by a repressive society of those protagonists who openly challenge the values imbedded in the marriage code. The conclusion surveys the development of domestic drama since the Renaissance, and shows how Dekker anticipates the domestic plays of modern dramatists such as Ibsen, Arthur Miller, and Eugene O'Neill.
C. W. Smith i jego polscy korespondenci. C. W. Smith og hanspolske korrespondenter 1861-1879. Polska korespondencja z tłumaczeniem na duński
Creators: name: Halicz, Emanuel
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Suppression of Heating Rates in Cryogenic Surface-Electrode Ion Traps
Creators: name: Labaziewicz, Jaroslaw
name: Ge, Yufei
name: Antohi, Paul
name: Leibrandt, David
name: Brown, Kenneth R.
name: Chuang, Isaac L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dense arrays of trapped ions provide one way of scaling up ion trap quantum information processing. However, miniaturization of ion traps is currently limited by sharply increasing motional state decoherence at sub-100 um ion-electrode distances. We characterize heating rates in cryogenically cooled surface-electrode traps, with characteristic sizes in 75 um to 150 um range. Upon cooling to 6 K, the measured rates are suppressed by 7 orders of magnitude, two orders of magnitude below previously published data of similarly sized traps operated at room temperature. The observed noise depends strongly on fabrication process, which suggests further improvements are possible.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
The Origins and Physical Properties of the Complex of Local Interstellar Clouds
Creators: name: Slavin, Jonathan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Complex of Local Interstellar Clouds (CLIC) is a relatively tight grouping of low density, warm, partially ionized clouds within about 15 pc of the Solar System. The Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) is the cloud observed on most lines of sight and may be the cloud that immediately surrounds our Solar System, the properties of which set the outer boundary conditions of the heliosphere. Using absorption line data toward nearby stars, in situ observations of inflowing interstellar gas from spacecraft in the Solar System, and theoretical modeling of the interstellar radiation field and radiative transfer, we can deduce many characteristics of the LIC. We find that the LIC is partially ionized with modest electron density, n(e) ~ 0.07 cm^-3. The combination of its temperature and ionization favor photoionization/thermal equilibrium over a non-equilibrium cooling cloud picture. The abundances in the LIC suggest moderate dust destruction for silicate dust but complete destruction of carbonaceous grains. An origin for the LIC as a density enhancement in the ambient medium that has been overrun by a shock seems likely, while its velocity away from the Sco-Cen association points to a possible connection to that region and the Loop I bubble.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the "Outer Heliosphere to the Local Bubble" conference and Space Science Reviews
Protokoły posiedzeń Rady Narodowej Centralnej we Lwowie (14 TV—29 X1848)
Creators: name: Rautenberg, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Effect of orbital trapping by bar resonances in the local U-V velocity field
Creators: name: Moreno, Edmundo
name: Fernández-Trincado, José G.
name: Schuster, William J.
name: Pérez-Villegas, Angeles
name: Chaves-Velasquez, Leonardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects in the local U-V velocity field due to orbital trapping by bar resonances have been studied computing fifteen resonant families in a non-axisymmetric Galactic potential, considering the bar's angular velocity between 35 and 57.5 ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}{kpc}^{-1}}$. Only cases in the low, 37.5, 40 ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}{kpc}^{-1}}$, and high, 55, 57.5 ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}{kpc}^{-1}}$, velocity ranges give trapping structures that have some similarity with observed features in the velocity distribution. The resulting structures in the local U-V plane form resonant bands appearing at various levels in velocity V. Cases with angular velocity 40 and 55 ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}{kpc}^{-1}}$ show the greatest similarity with observed branches. Our best approximation to the local velocity field by orbital trapping is obtained with a bar angular velocity of 40 ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}{kpc}^{-1}}$ and a bar angle of 40${^\circ}$. With this solution, three main observed features can be approximated: i) the Hercules branch at V=$-50$ ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}}$ produced by the resonance 8/1 outside corotation, and the close features produced by resonances 5/1 and 6/1, ii) the newly detected low-density arch at V $\simeq$ 40 ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}}$ produced approximately by the resonance 4/3, iii) the inclined structure below the Hercules branch, also observed in the $\textit{Gaia}$ DR2 data, produced by tube orbits around Lagrange point $L_5$ at corotation. Some predicted contributions due to orbital trapping in regions of the U-V plane corresponding to the Galactic halo are given, which could help to further restrict the value of the angular velocity of the Galactic bar. No support by orbital trapping is found for the Arcturus stream at V $\approx$ $-100$ ${\rm\,km\,s^{-1}}$.
description: 15 pages, 21 figures; published in MNRAS
Tuning the interlayer spacing in high T_c superconductors: penetration depth and two-dimensional superfluid density
Creators: name: Baker, P. J.
name: Lancaster, T.
name: Blundell, S. J.
name: Pratt, F. L.
name: Brooks, M. L.
name: Kwon, S. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Substantial control of the interlayer spacing in Bi-based high temperature superconductors has been achieved through the intercalation of guest molecules between the superconducting layers. Measurements using implanted muons reveal that the penetration depth increases with increasing layer separation while T_c does not vary appreciably, demonstrating that the bulk superfluid density is not the determining factor controlling T_c. Our results strongly suggest that the superfluid density appearing in the Uemura scaling relation n_s/m* \propto T_c should be interpreted as the two dimensional density within the superconducting layers, which we find to be constant for each class of system investigated.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Archived material from the TOAR-II Manuscript Scoping Event, Nov 16 - 18, 2021
Creators: name: Cooper, Owen R.
name: Schultz, Martin G.
name: Emberson, Lisa
name: Kanaya, Yugo
name: Moolla, Raeesa
name: Rudich, Ynon
name: Von Schneidemesser, Erika
name: Seguel, Rodrigo
name: Sinha, Bärbel
name: Worden, Helen
name: Zhang, Lin
Publisher: name: FZ-Juelich B2SHARE
Year: 2021
Subjects: 3.2.4 → Chemistry → Atmospheric chemistry
tropospheric ozone, global air quality, air quality monitoring

description: The Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is an initiative of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project. TOAR-II is the second phase of TOAR. It builds on the successful completion of the first comprehensive assessment on tropospheric ozone and will last from 2020 to 2024. This data publication contains a summary report and slides from the TOAR-II Manuscript Scoping Event from Nov, 16th, 2021 to Nov, 18th, 2021. This 3-day workshop was held globally in virtual format and attracted over 100 participants. The aim was to identify the papers that will be submitted to the TOAR-II Community Special Issue by September 2023. More information about TOAR-II can be found at https://igacproject.org/activities/TOAR/TOAR-II .
Tomasz Łubieński, Bić się czy nie bić? O polskich powstaniach
Creators: name: Rautenberg, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Polarization and resistive switching in epitaxial 2 nm Hf$_{0.5}$Zr$_{0.5}$O$_2$ tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Sulzbach, Milena Cervo
name: Tan, Huan
name: Estandia, Saul
name: Gazquez, Jaume
name: Sanchez, Florencio
name: Fina, Ignasi
name: Fontcuberta, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the quest for reliable and power-efficient memristive devices, ferroelectric tunnel junctions are being investigated as potential candidates. CMOS-compatible ferroelectric hafnium oxides are at the forefront. However, in epitaxial tunnel devices with thicknesses around ${\approx}$ 4 - 6 nm, the relatively high tunnel energy barrier produces a large resistance that challenges their implementation. Here, we show that ferroelectric and electroresistive switching can be observed in ultrathin 2 nm epitaxial Hf$_{0.5}$Zr$_{0.5}$O$_2$ (HZO) tunnel junctions in large area capacitors (${\approx} 300μm^2$). We observe that the resistance area product is reduced to about 160 $Ω{\cdot}$cm$^2$ and 65 $Ω{\cdot}$cm$^2$ for OFF and ON resistance states, respectively. These values are two orders of magnitude smaller than those obtained in equivalent 5 nm HZO tunnel devices while preserving a similar OFF/ON resistance ratio (210 ${\%}$). The devices show memristive and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) behavior and good retention. Electroresistance and ferroelectric loops closely coincide, signaling ferroelectric switching as a driving mechanism for resistance change.
Scanning tunneling spectroscopy of inhomogeneous electronic structure in monolayer and bilayer graphene on SiC
Creators: name: Brar, Victor W.
name: Zhang, Yuanbo
name: Yayon, Yossi
name: Bostwick, Aaron
name: Ohta, Taisuke
name: McChesney, Jessica L.
name: Horn, Karsten
name: Rotenberg, Eli
name: Crommie, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) study of the local electronic structure of single and bilayer graphene grown epitaxially on a SiC(0001) surface. Low voltage topographic images reveal fine, atomic-scale carbon networks, whereas higher bias images are dominated by emergent spatially inhomogeneous large-scale structure similar to a carbon-rich reconstruction of SiC(0001). STS spectroscopy shows a ~100meV gap-like feature around zero bias for both monolayer and bilayer graphene/SiC, as well as significant spatial inhomogeneity in electronic structure above the gap edge. Nanoscale structure at the SiC/graphene interface is seen to correlate with observed electronic spatial inhomogeneity. These results are important for potential devices involving electronic transport or tunneling in graphene/SiC.
description: Acknowledgment added. 11 pages, 3 figures
Theorising the itinerant curriculum as the pathway to relevance in African higher education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution.
Creators: name: Fomunyam, Dr. Kehdinga George
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: The current era of the fourth industrial revolution combines digital, physical, and biological knowledge in ways never seen before. This revolution has resulted in disruptive technologies and trends, such as robotics, internet of things (IoT), virtual reality, and artificial intelligence (AI) . The African continent is still behind with preparations for its future, through relevant unique educational practices for its populace in this era. This is because very little has changed in the curriculum content of African education, and post colonial education in Africa is essentially a colonial legacy. The curriculum is still designed after western models and paradigms, which have little or no relevance to life in Africa. This paper records the epistemological evisceration of African-centered intellectual traditions in formal education as a major cause of this challenge. Proposing the introduction of an itinerant curriculum in the African higher education sector as a viable solution to this epistemicide, this paper first argues that all bodies of knowledge(western and indigenous) are valid and significant, and should therefore be infused together without one placed as superior over the other. The study concludes that curriculum should reflect the intrinsic value of African culture, language, customs, and practices. The integration of all bodies of knowledge is the hallmark of an itinerant curriculum, should support the inclusion of a wider diversity of knowledge in curriculum theory, and practice.
Estimating correlation from high, low, opening and closing prices
Creators: name: Rogers, L. C. G.
name: Zhou, Fanyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62P20, 60J65 (Primary)

description: In earlier studies, the estimation of the volatility of a stock using information on the daily opening, closing, high and low prices has been developed; the additional information in the high and low prices can be incorporated to produce unbiased (or near-unbiased) estimators with substantially lower variance than the simple open--close estimator. This paper tackles the more difficult task of estimating the correlation of two stocks based on the daily opening, closing, high and low prices of each. If we had access to the high and low values of some linear combination of the two log prices, then we could use the univariate results via polarization, but this is not data that is available. The actual problem is more challenging; we present an unbiased estimator which halves the variance.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AAP460 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Observation of current-induced switching in non-collinear antiferromagnetic IrMn$_3$ by differential voltage measurements
Creators: name: Arpaci, Sevdenur
name: Lopez-Dominguez, Victor
name: Shi, Jiacheng
name: Sánchez-Tejerina, Luis
name: Garesci, Francesca
name: Wang, Chulin
name: Yan, Xueting
name: Sangwan, Vinod K.
name: Grayson, Matthew
name: Hersam, Mark C.
name: Finocchio, Giovanni
name: Amiri, Pedram Khalili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is accelerating interest in developing memory devices using antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, motivated by the possibility for electrically controlling AFM order via spin-orbit torques, and its read-out via magnetoresistive effects. Recent studies have shown, however, that high current densities create non-magnetic contributions to resistive switching signals in AFM/heavy metal (AFM/HM) bilayers, complicating their interpretation. Here we introduce an experimental protocol to unambiguously distinguish current-induced magnetic and nonmagnetic switching signals in AFM/HM structures, and demonstrate it in IrMn$_3$/Pt devices. A six-terminal double-cross device is constructed, with an IrMn$_3$ pillar placed on one cross. The differential voltage is measured between the two crosses with and without IrMn$_3$ after each switching attempt. For a wide range of current densities, reversible switching is observed only when write currents pass through the cross with the IrMn$_3$ pillar, eliminating any possibility of non-magnetic switching artifacts. Micromagnetic simulations support our findings, indicating a complex domain-mediated switching process.
Kondo effect and channel mixing in oscillating molecules
Creators: name: Mravlje, J.
name: Ramsak, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic transport through a molecule in the Kondo regime. The tunneling between the electrode and the molecule is asymmetrically modulated by the oscillations of the molecule, i.e., if the molecule gets closer to one of the electrodes the tunneling to that electrode will increase while for the other electrode it will decrease. The system is described by a two-channel Anderson model with phonon-assisted hybridization, which is solved with the Wilson numerical renormalization group method. The results for several functional forms of tunneling modulation are presented. For a linearized modulation the Kondo screening of the molecular spin is caused by the even or odd conduction channel. At the critical value of the electron-phonon coupling an unstable two-channel Kondo fixed point is found. For a realistic modulation the spin at the molecular orbital is Kondo screened by the even conduction channel even in the regime of strong coupling. A universal consequence of the electron-phonon coupling is the softening of the phonon mode and the related instability to perturbations that break the left-right symmetry. When the frequency of oscillations decreases below the magnitude of such perturbation, the molecule is abruptly attracted to one of the electrodes. In this regime, the Kondo temperature is enhanced and, simultaneously, the conductance through the molecule is suppressed.
description: published version
Free energy calculations along entropic pathways: II. Droplet nucleation in binary mixtures
Creators: name: Desgranges, Caroline
name: Delhommelle, Jerome
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using molecular simulation, we study the nucleation of liquid droplets from binary mixtures and determine the free energy of nucleation along entropic pathways. To this aim, we develop the $μ_1 μ_2 VT-S$ method, based on the grand-canonical ensemble modeling the binary mixture, and use the entropy of the system $S$ as the reaction coordinate to drive the formation of the liquid droplet. This approach builds on the advantages of the grand-canonical ensemble, which allows for the direct calculation of the entropy of the system and lets the composition of the system free to vary throughout the nucleation process. Starting from a metastable supersaturated vapor, we are able to form a liquid droplet by gradually decreasing the value of $S$, through a series of umbrella sampling simulations, until a liquid droplet of a critical size has formed. The $μ_1 μ_2 VT-S$ method also allows us to calculate the free energy barrier associated with the nucleation process, to shed light on the relation between supersaturation and free energy of nucleation, and to analyze the interplay between the size of the droplet and its composition during the nucleation process.
An economic model of oil extraction : theory and estimation
Creators: name: Livernois, John R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Although the field of Natural Resource Economics is relatively young, its growth has been rapid and it is now of substantial size. In that part of the field devoted to exhaustible resources, however, the literature is primarily qualitative with relatively little attention having been directed towards empirical testing of the qualitative predictions. The purpose of this dissertation is to construct a dynamic model of extraction for a specific exhaustible resource, to obtain empirical estimates of the extraction technology and to perform hypothesis tests of the model's predictions. The specific resource chosen is oil and the empirical work is based on oil reservoir data from the Province of Alberta. The building of the oil-reservoir extraction model draws on the principles of oil-reservoir engineering. Under the assumption that a rational agent manages the reservoir, the empirical implications for the number of wells to be used and the strategy for pressure maintenance activities are derived. A dual, restricted cost function forms the basis of the empirical work. Estimation of the parameters of this cost function through its implied factor demand equations permits information about the extraction cost characteristics of individual reservoirs to be obtained and hypothesis tests on the structure and characteristics of the cost function to be performed. It is found that oil pools producing in the sample year (1973) in Alberta are not homogeneous with respect to cost. Rather, the pools in the sample show a high degree of variation in geological factors that significantly affect extraction costs. The evidence strongly suggests that marginal extraction costs are a non- increasing function of extraction rates in the range of observations. In addition, marginal extraction costs vary systematically across pools with variation in key geological factors. Since the current system of prorationing in Alberta allocates monthly demand among the producing pools in the province, the above results imply that a marginal reallocation which increases the share of demand produced by the relatively low-cost pools will lead to an efficiency gain. The empirical results are found to support the model's predictions regarding the behaviour of the shadow price (or costate variable) for pool pressure. Finally, the results are used to test and conditionally confirm the hypothesis that oil reservoirs in Alberta have been exploited in order of declining quality over time.
Heterogeneity in the productivity of sugar-energy mills in Brazil
Creators: name: Silva, Haroldo José Torres Da
name: Marques, Pedro Valentim
name: Silva, Haroldo José Torres Da
name: Marques, Pedro Valentim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: efficiency
subject: productivity
subject: DEA
subject: sugar-energy industry

description: The development of biofuels in Brazil, and particularly of ethanol as a sustainable energy source, has enabled the strengthening of the national sugar-energy industry. The objective of this study is therefore to evaluate the evolution of the productive efficiency of sugar-energy mills in Brazil during the period of 2006 to 2015, using data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist index and its decompositions. Our results indicate that no single nor well-defined pattern of efficiency or productivity existed among the mills in the industry during the period under study; instead, we found the industry to be heterogeneous in terms of management practices and technology adoption. Furthermore, we found that differences between mills intensified over the period, and that technologically poor mills with low levels of efficiency coexisted among efficient mills employing modern management practices and technologies. Finally, we found that productivity decreased, yet varied considerably over the analyzed period.
Agnieszka Zabłocka-Kos, Sztuka, wiara, uczucie. Alexis Langer, śląski architekt neogotyku.
Creators: name: Moscicki, Waldemar
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Thermodynamics of spacetime from minimal area
Creators: name: Alonso-Serrano, Ana
name: Liška, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by exploring the interface between thermodynamics of spacetime and quantum gravity effects, we develop a heuristic derivation of Hawking temperature and Bekenstein entropy from the existence of a minimal resolvable area. Moreover, we find leading order quantum gravity corrections to them that are in qualitative agreement with results obtained by other methods, both heuristic and rigorous. In this way, we recover, as a particular case, the corrections heuristically obtained from the existence of minimal length. We also show that the size of minimal area is constrained from above by well understood results of semiclassical black hole physics, specifically by the entropy content of Hawking radiation. The minimal area derivation we introduce is also applied to finding the Unruh temperature associated with causal diamonds and to establish a new relation between this temperature and the entropy of the causal diamond's horizon.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures. Version accepted to Physical Review D
Marek Hałub, Johann Gustav Gottlieb Busching 1783—1829. Ein Beitrag zur Begründung der schlesischen Kulturgeschichte
Creators: name: Bönisch-Brednich, Brigitte
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Elżbieta Trocka-Leszczyńska, Wiejska zabudowa mieszkaniowa w regionie sudeckim
Creators: name: Dröge, Kurt
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Theophile von Bodisco, Versunkene Welten. Erinnerungen einer estlandischen Dame
Creators: name: Kenéz, Csaba János
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
EXPLORAÇÃO CÓSMICA - DA DANÇA GRAVITACIONAL EM TORNO DE BURACOS NEGROS À REVOLUÇÃO DA PROPULSÃO ESPACIAL
Creators: name: Brandl, Edenilson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: NASA
Buracos Negros
Exploração Espacial
Astrobiologia
Nanotecnologia Espacial
Colonização de Marte
Radiação Cósmica
Megaconstelações
Propulsão Espacial Avançada
Telescópios Espaciais
Colaboração Global

description: Este artigo explora as intricadas estratégias envolvidas na exploração profunda de buracos negros, abordando desafios astrofísicos complexos. Destaca a importância da compreensão das propriedades fundamentais dos buracos negros, impulsionando o desenvolvimento de tecnologias avançadas, como sondas espaciais com instrumentos de alta precisão e sistemas de propulsão inovadores. Além disso, examina a busca por vida extraterrestre, enfatizando a necessidade de abordagens inovadoras na detecção de bioassinaturas em exoplanetas habitáveis. A integração de nanotecnologia espacial é discutida como uma ferramenta revolucionária na exploração cósmica sustentável. O artigo também aborda a colonização de Marte, os desafios da radiação espacial e as implicações da proliferação de megaconstelações. Conclui ressaltando a interdisciplinaridade e a colaboração global necessárias para avançar na exploração espacial e enfrentar os desafios em constante evolução.

 

This article explores the intricate strategies involved in deep black hole exploration, addressing complex astrophysical challenges. It highlights the importance of understanding the fundamental properties of black holes, driving the development of advanced technologies, such as space probes with high-precision instruments and innovative propulsion systems. Furthermore, it examines the search for extraterrestrial life, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches in detecting biosignatures on habitable exoplanets. The integration of space nanotechnology is discussed as a revolutionary tool in sustainable cosmic exploration. The article also addresses the colonization of Mars, the challenges of space radiation and the implications of the proliferation of megaconstellations. It concludes by highlighting the interdisciplinarity and global collaboration necessary to advance space exploration and face constantly evolving challenges.
Is a Dissipative Regime During Inflation in Agreement with Observations?
Creators: name: Cerioni, A.
name: Finelli, F.
name: Gruppuso, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral index of curvature perturbations for inflationary models where the driving scalar field is coupled to a relativistic fluid through a friction term $Γ$. We find that only a very small friction term - $Γ\ll H$, with H being the Hubble parameter during inflation - is allowed by observations, otherwise curvature fluctuations are generated with a spectral index $n_s$ unacceptably red. These results are generic with respect to the inflationary potential and known dependence of the friction term on the scalar field and the energy density of the relativistic fluid. We compare our findings with previous investigations.
description: 4 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure
Raimo Pullat, Itämeren rutto: pirtun salakuljetusta vuosina 1919—1939
Creators: name: Schweitzer, Robert
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)