cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dilatancy toughening of shear cracks and implications for slow rupture propagation
Creators: name: Brantut, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dilatancy associated with fault slip produces a transient pore pressure drop which increases frictional strength. This effect is analysed in a steadily propagating rupture model that includes frictional weakening, slip-dependent fault dilation and fluid flow. Dilatancy is shown to increase the stress intensity factor required to propagate the rupture tip. With increasing rupture speed, an undrained (strengthened) region develops near the tip and extends beyond the frictionally weakened zone. Away from the undrained region, pore fluid diffusion gradually recharges the fault and strength returns to the drained, weakened value. For sufficiently large rupture dimensions, the dilation-induced strength increase near the tip is equivalent to an increase in toughness that is proportional to the square root of the rupture speed. In general, dilation has the effect of increasing the stress required for rupture growth by decreasing the stress drop along the crack. Thermal pressurisation has the potential to compensate for the dilatant strengthening effect, at the expense of an increased heating rate, which might lead to premature frictional melting. Using reasonable laboratory parameters, the dilatancy-toughening effect leads to rupture dynamics that is quantitatively consistent with the dynamics of observed slow slip events in subduction zones.
A surface force apparatus for nanorheology under large shear strain
Creators: name: Bureau, Lionel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a surface force apparatus designed to probe the rheology of a nanoconfined medium under large shear amplitudes (up to 500 $μ$m). The instrument can be operated in closed-loop, controlling either the applied normal load or the thickness of the medium during shear experiments. Feedback control allows to greatly extend the range of confinement/shear strain attainable with the surface force apparatus. The performances of the instrument are illustrated using hexadecane as the confined medium.
Synchronized oscillations in swarms of nematode Turbatrix aceti
Creators: name: Peshkov, Anton
name: McGaffigan, Sonia
name: Quillen, Alice C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is a recent surge of interest in the behavior of active particles that can at the same time align their direction of movement and synchronize their oscillations, known as swarmalators. While theoretical and numerical models of such systems are now abundant, no real-life examples have been shown to date. We present an experimental investigation of the collective motion of the nematode Turbatrix aceti that self-propel by body undulation. We discover that these nematodes can synchronize their body oscillations, forming striking traveling metachronal waves, which produces strong fluid flows. We uncover that the location and strength of this collective state can be controlled through the shape of the confining structure; in our case the contact angle of a droplet. This opens a way for producing controlled work such as on-demand flows or displacement of objects. We illustrate this by showing that the force generated by this state is sufficient to change the physics of evaporation of fluid droplets, by counteracting the surface-tension force, which allow us to estimate its strength. The relatively large size and ease of culture make Turbatrix aceti a promising model organism for experimental investigation of swarming and oscillating active matter capable of producing controllable work.
MOESM1 of Metabonomic study of the protective effect of Fukeqianjin formula on multi-pathogen induced pelvic inflammatory disease in rats
Creators: name: Zhang, Yan
name: Li, Wei
name: Zou, Liang
name: Gong, Yun
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Xing, Shasha
name: Yang, Hang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The minimum standards of reporting checklist.
The inequality between mass and angular momentum for axially symmetric black holes
Creators: name: Dain, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this essay I first discuss the physical relevance of the inequality $m\geq \sqrt{|J|}$ for axially symmetric (non-stationary) black holes, where m is the mass and J the angular momentum of the spacetime. Then, I present a proof of this inequality for the case of one spinning black hole. The proof involves a remarkable characterization of the extreme Kerr black hole as an absolute minimum of the total mass. Finally, I conjecture on the physical implications of this characterization for the non linear stability problem for black holes.
description: 8 pages, Honorable Mention in the Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition 2007
Two new isoflavones from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis
Creators: name: Chen, Dao-Jun
name: Yuan, Shuang
name: Zhang, Peng
name: An, Qiao
name: Zou, Ji-Bin
name: Yuan, Chun-Mao
name: Zhao, Li-Hua
name: Hu, Zhan-Xing
name: Hao, Xiao-Jiang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Virology

description: Two new isoflavones (1 and 2), as well as eight known ones were isolated from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. Compound 1 represents an unprecedented polymerization pattern constructed by isoflavone and cytisine. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data analysis, combined with ECD calculations. Compound 1 displayed significant anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) activity compared with the positive control ningnanmycin. Moreover, compound 6 exhibited potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 47.4 mg/L.
Pulse shapes from electron and photon induced events in segmented high-purity germanium detectors
Creators: name: Abt, I.
name: Caldwell, A.
name: Kröninger, K.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, X.
name: Majorovits, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments built to search for neutrinoless double beta-decay are limited in their sensitivity not only by the exposure but also by the amount of background encountered. Radioactive isotopes in the surrounding of the detectors which emit gamma-radiation are expected to be a significant source of background in the GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA. Methods to select electron induced events and discriminate against photon induced events inside a germanium detector are presented in this paper. The methods are based on the analysis of the time structure of the detector response. Data were taken with a segmented GERDA prototype detector. It is shown that the analysis of the time response of the detector can be used to distinguish multiply scattered photons from electrons.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, to be submitted to Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A
On risk-based active learning for structural health monitoring
Creators: name: Hughes, A. J.
name: Bull, L. A.
name: Gardner, P.
name: Barthorpe, R. J.
name: Dervilis, N.
name: Worden, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A primary motivation for the development and implementation of structural health monitoring systems, is the prospect of gaining the ability to make informed decisions regarding the operation and maintenance of structures and infrastructure. Unfortunately, descriptive labels for measured data corresponding to health-state information for the structure of interest are seldom available prior to the implementation of a monitoring system. This issue limits the applicability of the traditional supervised and unsupervised approaches to machine learning in the development of statistical classifiers for decision-supporting SHM systems. The current paper presents a risk-based formulation of active learning, in which the querying of class-label information is guided by the expected value of said information for each incipient data point. When applied to structural health monitoring, the querying of class labels can be mapped onto the inspection of a structure of interest in order to determine its health state. In the current paper, the risk-based active learning process is explained and visualised via a representative numerical example and subsequently applied to the Z24 Bridge benchmark. The results of the case studies indicate that a decision-maker's performance can be improved via the risk-based active learning of a statistical classifier, such that the decision process itself is taken into account.
description: 30 pages. 23 figures. Published in Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
Spitzer observations of V4332 Sagittarii: Detection of Alumina Dust
Creators: name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Misselt, K. A.
name: Su, K. Y. L.
name: Ashok, N. M.
name: Smith, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present broad-band 24, 70 and 160 micron photometry, 5-35 micron and 55-90 micron spectra of the eruptive variable V4332 Sgr from Spitzer observations. The distinguishing feature of the 5-35 micron spectrum is an unusually broad absorption feature near 10 micron at the position generally associated with silicate-rich dust. Through radiative transfer modeling, we show that this broad feature cannot arise from silicates alone but requires the inclusion of alumina (Al2O3) as a dust condensate. The case for including Al2O3 is strengthened further by the presence of the AlO radical, a potentially important molecule in forming Al2O3. The present detection indicates that porous alumina manifests itself through a broadening of the 9.7 micron silicate feature and additionally displays, on the shoulder of the silicate feature, a component at ~11.5 micron. We discuss how further observations of V4332 Sgr may have the potential of verifying some general predictions of the dust condensation process.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures in ApJ style; to be published in ApJ Letters
Violation of energy conditions and entropy production in holographic Bjorken flow
Creators: name: Rougemont, Romulo
name: Noronha, Jorge
name: Barreto, Willians
name: Denicol, Gabriel S.
name: Dore, Travis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that a Bjorken expanding strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ Supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma can display dynamically-driven violations of the dominant and also the weak energy condition during hydrodynamization. In addition, we find that a period of vanishing entropy production in far-from-equilibrium stages induces later violations of the dominant energy condition in the strongly coupled plasma. Such violations cannot occur in a classical description of hydrodynamization and suggest that the inclusion of quantum effects in transport can lead to new phenomena in these regimes, even for systems without anomalies or spin.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure; v3: to appear in Physical Review D
Andreev reflection and strongly enhanced magnetoresistance oscillations in GaInAs/InP heterostructures with superconducting contacts
Creators: name: Batov, I. E.
name: Schapers, Th.
name: Chtchelkatchev, N. M.
name: Hardtdegen, H.
name: Ustinov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetotransport in small hybrid junctions formed by high-mobility GaInAs/InP heterostructures coupled to superconducting (S) and normal metal (N) terminals. Highly transmissive superconducting contacts to a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) located in a GaInAs/InP heterostructure are realized by using a Au/NbN layer system. The magnetoresistance of the S/2DEG/N structures is studied as a function of dc bias current and temperature. At bias currents below a critical value, the resistance of the S/2DEG/N structures develops a strong oscillatory dependence on the magnetic field, with an amplitude of the oscillations considerably larger than that of the reference N/2DEG/N structures. The experimental results are qualitatively explained by taking Andreev reflection in high magnetic fields into account.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Emergent Replica Conformal Symmetry in Non-Hermitian SYK$_2$ Chains
Creators: name: Zhang, Pengfei
name: Jian, Shao-Kai
name: Liu, Chunxiao
name: Chen, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the steady states of non-unitary free fermion dynamics are found to exhibit novel critical phases with power-law squared correlations and a logarithmic subsystem entanglement. In this work, we theoretically understand the underlying physics by constructing solvable static/Brownian quadratic Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev chains with non-Hermitian dynamics. We find the action of the replicated system generally shows (one or infinite copies of) ${O(2)\times O(2)}$ symmetries, which is broken to ${O(2)}$ by the saddle-point solution. This leads to an emergent conformal field theory of the Goldstone modes. We derive the effective action and obtain the universal critical behaviors of squared correlators. Furthermore, the entanglement entropy of a subsystem ${A}$ with length ${L_A}$ corresponds to the energy of the half-vortex pair ${S\sim ρ_s \log L_A}$, where ${ρ_s}$ is the total stiffness of the Goldstone modes. We also discuss special limits with more than one branch of Goldstone modes and comment on interaction effects.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
The radical character of the acenes: A density matrix renormalization group study
Creators: name: Hachmann, Johannes
name: Dorando, Jonathan J.
name: Aviles, Michael
name: Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed investigation of the acene series using high-level wavefunction theory. Our ab-initio Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm has enabled us to carry out Complete Active Space calculations on the acenes from napthalene to dodecacene correlating the full pi-valence space. While we find that the ground-state is a singlet for all chain-lengths, examination of several measures of radical character, including the natural orbitals, effective number of unpaired electrons, and various correlation functions, suggests that the longer acene ground-states are polyradical in nature.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, supplementary material, to be published in J. Chem. Phys. 127, 2007
Targeted Excited State Algorithms
Creators: name: Dorando, Jonathan J.
name: Hachmann, Johannes
name: Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To overcome the limitations of the traditional state-averaging approaches in excited state calculations, where one solves for and represents all states between the ground state and excited state of interest, we have investigated a number of new excited state algorithms. Building on the work of van der Vorst and Sleijpen (SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 17, 401 (1996)), we have implemented Harmonic Davidson and State-Averaged Harmonic Davidson algorithms within the context of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG). We have assessed their accuracy and stability of convergence in complete active space DMRG calculations on the low-lying excited states in the acenes ranging from naphthalene to pentacene. We find that both algorithms offer increased accuracy over the traditional State-Averaged Davidson approach, and in particular, the State-Averaged Harmonic Davidson algorithm offers an optimal combination of accuracy and stability in convergence.
The role of dopamine in preparatory and consummatory defensive behaviours
Creators: name: Blackburn, James Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The effects of neuroleptic drugs on avoidance and freezing behaviours of rats were examined in a series of experiments. In Chapter I it was found that the acquisition of a one-way avoidance response was precluded by a dose of haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg) that did not prevent escape responses and that did not initially disrupt performance of a previously acquired response. The atypical neuroleptics thioridazine (10-50 mg/kg) and clozapine (1.25-10.0 mg/kg) did not preclude acquisition of the response and had nonspecific effects on performance of an acquired response. In contrast, metoclopramide (5.0 mg/kg), like haloperidol, precluded acquisition of avoidance responding without initially disrupting performance. Given the clinical profiles of these drugs, these results suggest that disruption of avoidance responding by neuroleptic drugs may be more closely related to their capacity to produce extrapyramidal side effects than to their ability to relieve psychotic symptoms. Chapter II examined the effect of metoclopramide on performance of avoidance responses after various training regimes. Metoclopramide effects were attenuated by a single training session of 10 trials, or, if the tone warning signal had previously been paired with shock, as few as 5 trials. No prophylactic effect of pretraining was observed if the rats were given noncontingent safety conditioning consisting of pairings of shock termination with the safe side of the apparatus plus a light cue. However, metoclopramide had little impact if pretraining consisted of prior tone-shock pairings plus the opportunity to escape from unsignalled shock in the avoidance apparatus. These results exclude the possibility that attenuation of metoclopramide effects is due to overtraining of the avoidance response. Chapter III established that freezing responses to shock are potentiated by metoclopramide, although the magnitude of freezing responses to a conditional stimulus signalling shock was not enhanced significantly. Following up on this discovery, Chapter IV determined that the disruptive effect of metoclopramide on avoidance responding was enhanced by the presence of additional shock or shock cues. It was concluded that the enhancement of freezing by metoclopramide contributes to the deficit in avoidance responding observed following metoclopramide treatment. These results were interpreted as supporting a hypothesis that central dopamine systems are involved in the execution of preparatory responses directed towards distal stimuli, but not in consummatory responses directed towards diffuse local or internal cues.
Portal Effective Theories: A framework for the model independent description of light hidden sector interactions
Creators: name: Arina, Chiara
name: Hajer, Jan
name: Klose, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a framework for the construction of portal effective theories (PETs) that couple effective field theories of the Standard Model (SM) to light hidden messenger fields. Using this framework we construct electroweak and strong scale PETs that couple the SM to messengers carrying spin zero, one half, or one. The electroweak scale PETs encompass all portal operators up to dimension five, while the strong scale PETs additionally contain all portal operators of dimension six and seven that contribute at leading order to quark-flavour violating transitions. Using the strong scale PETs, we define a set of portal currents that couple hidden sectors to QCD, and construct portal chiral perturbation theories ($χ$PTs) that relate these currents to the light pseudoscalar mesons. We estimate the coefficients of the portal $χ$PT Lagrangian that are not fixed by SM observations using non-perturbative matching techniques and give a complete list of the resulting one- and two-meson portal interactions. From those, we compute transition amplitudes for three golden channels that are used in hidden sector searches at fixed target experiments: i) charged kaon decay into a charged pion and a spin zero messenger, ii) charged kaon decay into a charged lepton and a spin one half messenger, and iii) neutral pion decay into a photon and a spin one messenger. Finally, we compare these amplitudes to specific expressions for models featuring light scalar particles, axion-like particles, heavy neutral leptons, and dark photons.
description: 138 pages, 12 figures, 12 tables
Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project - Volume 59
Creators: name: Kroenke, L.
name: Scott, R.
name: The Leg 59 Science Party
Publisher: name: U.S. Government Printing Office
Year: 1981
Subjects: Deep Sea Drilling Project
Glomar Challenger
DSDP
Leg 59
Site 447
Site 448
Site 449
Site 450
Site 451
Mariana Arc-Trench System
Philippine Basin
Palau-Kyushu Ridge
Parece Vela Basin
West Mariana Ridge

description: This volume covers Leg 59 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger. Of numerous island-arc systems in the western Pacific, the Mariana arc-trench system and the basins and submerged ridges lying west of them in the Philippine Sea were studied because they seemed best suited to answer questions regarding arc-trench and back-arc basin formation. Three years of planning by the JOIDES Active Margin Panel, Ocean Crust Panel, and Planning Committee resulted in a proposed transect of drill sites aligned more or less along the 18th parallel. This South Philippine Sea transect was designed to investigate each major basin and ridge between the central part of the West Philippine Sea and the Mariana Trench and the Pacific Ocean plate immediately to the east. DSDP Legs 59 and 60 were designated to undertake the study; the drilling program was conducted during the period February 3 through May 15, 1978. Leg 59 drilling program comprised Sites 447 through 451 and the Leg 60 program Sites 452 through 461. Leg 59 sailed from Naha, Okinawa Japan to Apra, Guam.
Λογοτεχνία, εικόνα και κινηματογράφος στην Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση: η συμβολή τους στην ανάπτυξη του πολυτροπικού γραμματισμού
Creators: name: Γρόσδος, Σταύρος Δ.
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2013
Subjects: Δημιουργική γραφή
Οπτικοακουστικός γραμματισμός
Πολυτροπικότητα
Δημιουργικότητα
Creative writing
Audiovisual literacy
Multimodality
Creativity

description: Στα πλαίσια της έρευνας δράσης υλοποιήθηκε μία διδακτική πρόταση, στην οποία η λογοτεχνία, τα έργα ζωγραφικής και οι κινηματογραφικές ταινίες χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ως ερεθίσματα δημιουργικής γραφής στο προσυγγραφικό στάδιο, σε σχολικές τάξεις στις οποίες φοιτούν παιδιά προεφηβικής ηλικίας (τάξεων Δ΄, Ε΄ και Στ΄ του δημοτικού σχολείου), με την τεχνική της τροποποίησης και ανατροπής μοτίβων, και την ταυτόχρονη εφαρμογή δραστηριοτήτων οπτικοακουστικού γραμματισμού. Σκοπός της έρευνας ήταν να διερευνηθούν: (α) Η εφικτότητα αλλά και τα προβλήματα που ανακύπτουν από την εφαρμογή προγραμμάτων δημιουργικής γραφής με τη χρήση εικόνων. (β) Οι απόψεις, οι στάσεις και οι διδακτικές πρακτικές των εκπαιδευτικών των σχολείων της Πρωτοβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης στα ζητήματα της διδακτικής της δημιουργικής γραφής. (γ) Η αλλαγή σε θετική κατεύθυνση της στάσης των μαθητών/τριών απέναντι στις διαδικασίες συγγραφής κειμένων με την εφαρμογή δραστηριοτήτων δημιουργικής γραφής. (δ) Ο βαθμός βελτίωσης των κειμένων που παράγουν οι μαθητές/τριες, ως προς τα δημιουργικά τους χαρακτηριστικά, με τη χρήση τεχνικών δημιουργικής γραφής, σε σύγκριση με τα κείμενα που παράγουν κατά τη γλωσσική διδασκαλία.
description: In the context of the action research there has been implemented a teaching course, in which the literature, the art paintings and the films were used as creative writing stimuli at the pre-writing stage, in classrooms of children of prepubertal age (classes D, E, and ST of Primary school), through the technique of modifying and overturning motives, and the simultaneous implementation of audiovisual literacy activities. The aim of the research was to investigate: (a) The feasibility alongside with the problems arising during the implementation of creative writing courses with the use of pictures. (b) The views, attitudes and teaching practices of the Primary school teachers on the issues of the teaching of creative writing. (c) The change towards a positive direction of the students’ attitude concerning the text writing procedures, through the implementation of creative writing activities. (d) The extent to which the students’ produced texts have been improved, regarding their creative characteristics, through the use of creative writing techniques, compared to the texts they produce during the language teaching.
Additional file 3: of The relationship between latex metabolism gene expression with rubber yield and related traits in Hevea brasiliensis
Creators: name: Wu, Chuntai
name: Lan, Li
name: Li, Yu
name: Nie, Zhiyi
name: Zeng, Rizhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S3. Variations in dry rubber contents of different cultivars in the same month and of the same cultivar in different months. (DOC 33 kb)
Additional data for records that contributed to the compilation of fig. 3 from A palaeoecological perspective on the transformation of the tropical Andes by early human activity
Creators: name: Bush, M. B.
name: Rozas-Davila, A.
name: Raczka, M.
name: Nascimento, M.
name: Valencia, B.
name: Sales, R. K.
name: McMichael, C. N. H.
name: Gosling, W. D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Palaeoecological records suggest that humans have been in the Andes since at least 14 000 years ago. Early human impacts on Andean ecosystems included an increase in fire activity and the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna. These changes in Andean ecosystems coincided with rapid climate change as species were migrating upslope in response to deglacial warming. Microrefugia probably played a vital role in the speed and genetic composition of that migration. The period from ca 14 500 to 12 500 years ago was when novel combinations of plant species appeared to form no-analogue assemblages in the Andes. Human populations increased in size and by 12 000 years ago most areas in what are today the Andean grasslands were being burned and modified. As the vegetation of these highland settings has been modified by human activity for the entirety of the Holocene, they should be regarded as long-term manufactutred landscapes. The sharp tree lines separating Andean forests from grasslands that we see today were probably also created by repeated burning and owe their position more to human-induced fire than climatic constraints. In areas that were readly penetrated by humans on the forested slopes of the Andes, substantial modification and settlement had occurred by the mid-Holocene. In hard-to-reach areas, however, the amount of human modification may always have been minimal, and these slopes can be considered as being close to natural in their vegetation.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Tropical forests in the deep human past’.
States of Low Energy on Robertson-Walker Spacetimes
Creators: name: Olbermann, Heiner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a new class of physical states of the free Klein-Gordon field in Robertson-Walker spacetimes. This is done by minimizing the expectation value of smeared stress-energy. We get an explicit expression for the state depending on the smearing function. We call it a state of low energy. States of low energy are an improvement of the concept of adiabatic vacua on Robertson-Walker spacetimes. The latter are approximations of the former. It is shown that states of low energy are Hadamard states.
description: 24 pages, minor changes, acknoledgements added
Performance Analysis Of The BiqBin Solver For The Maximum Table Set Problem
Creators: name: A. Shamakina
name: T. Hrga
name: J. Povh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: BiqBin
maximum stable set problem
branch and bound algorithm
hybrid programming model
overlapping

description: The BiqBin application is a high-performance solver for linearly constrained binary quadratic problems. This software is open source and available as an online solver. In this White Paper, we report on optimizations of the branch of the BiqBin code designed for solving the maximum stable set problem, which were implemented in the course of the PRACE Preparatory Access Type D project “BiqBin solver” in the time frame of September 2018 to February 2020. This research on the BiqBin code consists of a performance analysis and implementation of a prototype. Optimizing the original BiqBin code v1.0 to a new version v2.0 allowed to increase the speedup 6.2 times for a use case on 192 MPI processes. Further analysis of the BiqBin v2.0 showed a bad parallel efficiency due to the high proportion of MPI communications. All suggested optimization ideas were demonstrated on the prototype.
The three dimensional skeleton: tracing the filamentary structure of the universe
Creators: name: Sousbie, T.
name: Pichon, C.
name: Colombi, S.
name: Novikov, D.
name: Pogosyan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The skeleton formalism aims at extracting and quantifying the filamentary structure of the universe is generalized to 3D density fields; a numerical method for computating a local approximation of the skeleton is presented and validated here on Gaussian random fields. This method manages to trace well the filamentary structure in 3D fields such as given by numerical simulations of the dark matter distribution on large scales and is insensitive to monotonic biasing. Two of its characteristics, namely its length and differential length, are analyzed for Gaussian random fields. Its differential length per unit normalized density contrast scales like the PDF of the underlying density contrast times the total length times a quadratic Edgeworth correction involving the square of the spectral parameter. The total length scales like the inverse square smoothing length, with a scaling factor given by 0.21 (5.28+ n) where n is the power index of the underlying field. This dependency implies that the total length can be used to constrain the shape of the underlying power spectrum, hence the cosmology. Possible applications of the skeleton to galaxy formation and cosmology are discussed. As an illustration, the orientation of the spin of dark halos and the orientation of the flow near the skeleton is computed for dark matter simulations. The flow is laminar along the filaments, while spins of dark halos within 500 kpc of the skeleton are preferentially orthogonal to the direction of the flow at a level of 25%.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, submitted to MNRAS
On the Critical Ionization Velocity Effect in Interstellar Space and Possible Detection of Related Continuum Emission
Creators: name: Verschuur, Gerrit L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interstellar neutral hydrogen (HI) emission spectra manifest several families of linewidths whose numerical values (34, 13 & 6 km/s) appear to be related to the critical ionization velocities (CIVs) of the most abundant interstellar atomic species. Extended new analysis of HI emission profiles shows that the 34 km/s wide component, probably corresponding to the CIV for helium, is pervasive. The 34 km/s wide linewidth family is found in low-velocity (local) neutral hydrogen (HI) profiles as well as in the so-called high-velocity clouds. In addition, published studies of HI linewidths found in the Magellanic Stream, Very-High-Velocity Clouds, and Compact High-Velocity Clouds, all of which are believed to be intergalactic, have noted that typical values are of the same order. If the critical ionization velocity effect does play a role in interstellar space it may be expected to produce locally enhanced electron densities where rapidly moving neutral gas masses interact with surrounding plasma. Evidence is presented that suggests that this phenomenon is occurring in interstellar space. It manifests as a spatial association between peaks in HI structure offset with respect to peaks in high-frequency radio continuum data obtained with the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe.
description: To be published in IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. Aug 2007
Additional file 5: of The relationship between latex metabolism gene expression with rubber yield and related traits in Hevea brasiliensis
Creators: name: Wu, Chuntai
name: Lan, Li
name: Li, Yu
name: Nie, Zhiyi
name: Zeng, Rizhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S5. Diversity in monthly and annual dry rubber yields of individual plant of different cultivars. (DOC 35 kb)
Fermions in the pseudoparticle approach
Creators: name: Wagner, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudoparticle approach is a numerical technique to compute path integrals without discretizing spacetime. The basic idea is to integrate over those field configurations, which can be represented by a sum of a fixed number of localized building blocks (pseudoparticles). In a couple of previous papers we have successfully applied the pseudoparticle approach to pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. In this work we discuss how to incorporate fermionic fields in the pseudoparticle approach. To test our method, we compute the phase diagram of the 1+1-dimensional Gross-Neveu model in the large-N limit.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Effective actions and N=1 vacuum conditions from SU(3) x SU(3) compactifications
Creators: name: Cassani, Davide
name: Bilal, Adel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider compactifications of type II string theory on general SU(3) x SU(3) structure backgrounds allowing for a very large set of fluxes, possibly nongeometric ones. We study the effective 4d low energy theory which is a gauged N=2 supergravity, and discuss how its data are obtained from the formalism of the generalized geometry on T+T*. In particular we relate Hitchin's special Kaehler metrics on the spaces of even and odd pure spinors to the metric on the supergravity moduli space of internal metric and B-field fluctuations. We derive the N=1 vacuum conditions from this N=2 effective action, as well as from its N=1 truncation. We prove a direct correspondence between these conditions and an integrated version of the pure spinor equations characterizing the N=1 backgrounds at the ten dimensional level.
description: 54 pages. v2, v3: minor changes
Stringy Instantons and Cascading Quivers
Creators: name: Aharony, Ofer
name: Kachru, Shamit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: D-brane instantons can perturb the quantum field theories on space-time filling D-branes by interesting operators. In some cases, these D-brane instantons are novel "stringy" effects (not interpretable directly as instanton effects in the low-energy quantum field theory), while in others the D-brane instantons can be directly interpreted as field theory effects. In this note, we describe a situation where both perspectives are available, by studying stringy instantons in quivers which arise at simple Calabi-Yau singularities. We show that a stringy instanton which wraps an unoccupied node of the quiver, and gives rise to a non-perturbative mass in the space-time field theory, can be reinterpreted as a conventional gauge theory effect by going up in an appropriate renormalization group cascade. Interestingly, in the cascade, the contribution of the stringy instanton does not come from gauge theory instantons but from strong coupling dynamics.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, harvmac
Wave scattering by small impedance particles in a medium
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35J05, 35P25, 73D25, 81U10, 82D20

description: The theory of acoustic wave scattering by many small bodies is developed for bodies with impedance boundary condition. It is shown that if one embeds many small particles in a bounded domain, filled with a known material, then one can create a new material with the properties very different from the properties of the original material. Moreover, these very different properties occur although the total volume of the embedded small particles is negligible compared with the volume of the original material.
Incommensurate Charge Order Phase in Fe2OBO3 due to Geometrical Frustration
Creators: name: Angst, M.
name: Hermann, R. P.
name: Schweika, W.
name: Kim, J. -W.
name: Khalifah, P.
name: Xiang, H. J.
name: Whangbo, M. -H.
name: Kim, D. -H.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Mandrus, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of charge order in Fe2OBO3 was investigated by resistivity and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and synchrotron x-ray scattering, revealing an intermediate phase between room temperature and 340 K, characterized by coexisting mobile and immobile carriers, and by incommensurate superstructure modulations with temperature-dependent propagation vector (1/2,0,tau). The incommensurate modulations arise from specific anti-phase boundaries with low energy cost due to geometrical charge frustration.
description: 4 p., 5 fig.; v2: slightly expanded introduction + minor changes. PRL in print
The printed image and the transformation of popular culture, 1790-1860
Creators: name: Anderson, Patricia J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Scholarly consensus dates the onset of mass culture in England to the latter part of the nineteenth century. This study looks at cultural change from 1790 to 1860 and argues that the fundamental characteristics of a modern mass culture were already in place by about 1840. New printing technology, the growth of popular publishing, and the attendant broad dissemination of the printed word and image were central to the early initial emergence of a mass culture. And because the printed image became generally accessible and affordable, people did not necessarily need the ability to read in order to benefit from the offerings of a growing publishing industry. Thus, in a time when literacy was not universal, the printed image was the single most widely shared form of cultural experience. A new, markedly pictorial, mass culture emerged from the centre of the expanded and transformed version of an older popular culture of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The major artifacts of the emergent culture were four illustrated magazines, all of which achieved and maintained unprecedentedly high circulations, and whose written and pictorial content attracted a large and diverse--that is, mass--audience of middle- and working-class people, men and women, from various age groups, and from urban and rural locales all over Great Britain. In considering the content of these magazines and related contemporary artifacts, their place in working-class life, and certain individual producers and consumers of culture, Gramsci's theory of hegemony proves useful and, further, raises questions about the explanatory adequacy of certain other important models of the interaction of class and culture. Additionally the attempt is made to provide, and consistently work from, historically accurate, rigourous, yet widely applicable, definitions of the complex terms, "popular" and "mass". The leitmotif throughout is the relationship of common experience and high culture. A transformed popular culture and the new mass culture at its centre enriched people's lives in many ways. But high culture guarded its exclusivism and, for the most part, remained the preserve of wealth, social privilege and power.
Correlation-induced triplet pairing superconductivity in graphene-based moiré systems
Creators: name: Chou, Yang-Zhi
name: Wu, Fengcheng
name: Sau, Jay D.
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the possible non-spin-singlet superconductivity in the magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene experiment, we investigate the triplet-pairing superconductivity arising from a correlation-induced spin-fermion model on a honeycomb lattice. We find that the $f$-wave pairing is favored due to the valley-sublattice structure, and the superconducting state is time-reversal symmetric, fully gapped, and non-topological. With a small in-plane magnetic field, the superconducting state becomes partially polarized, and the transition temperature can be slightly enhanced. Our results apply qualitatively for the triplet-pairing superconductivity in graphene-based moiré systems, which is fundamentally distinct from triplet superconductivity in $^3$He and ferromagnetic superconductors.
description: 7+8 pages, 3+2 figures. v2: Substantial revision with updated figures, new references, and a new discussion on experimental detection. v3: Published version
Additional file 7: of Tumor-derived exosomal HMGB1 fosters hepatocellular carcinoma immune evasion by promoting TIM-1+ regulatory B cell expansion
Creators: name: Ye, Linsen
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Cheng, Yusheng
name: Chen, Xiaolong
name: Wang, Guoying
name: Shi, Mengchen
name: Zhang, Tong
name: Cao, Yingjiao
name: Pan, Hang
name: Zhang, Liting
name: Wang, Genshu
name: Deng, Yinan
name: Yang, Yang
name: Chen, Guihua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S6. Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of Prognostic Factors for recurrence-free survival and Overall Survival (Nâ =â 101). (DOCX 19 kb)
Additional file 11 of Gene expression kinetics of Exaiptasia pallida innate immune response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection
Creators: name: Seneca, François
name: Davtian, David
name: Boyer, Laurent
name: Czerucka, Dorota
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 11 : Supplementary Table 7.
Housing Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency and Comfort
Creators: name: Nguyen, Phan Anh
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2021

description: The housing stock in Vietnam has boomed in the last few decades, especially in urbanised areas. However, the increasing number of housing units did not go along with housing quality, a healthy living environment or a sustainable building stock. Recent legislation only applies to public buildings but not the private housing sector, which accounts for the majority of the building stock. Therefore, this research aimed to contribute to a more sustainable building stock in Vietnam by improving the energy efficiency in new and renovated urban houses. This research started with examining the energy upgrade potential of the existing houses in Vietnam. Both passive and active refurbishment design measures were investigated for the Vietnamese context. Among the measures, a green facade has a large potential in energy saving. Effect of a green facade on thermal and energy performance was tested by conducting a physical experiment on a real tube house in Hanoi. Next, a stepped design strategy was introduced in a student design workshop in Vietnam. The participants were trained to apply sustainable and energy efficient design measures for Vietnamese tube houses. In addition, the vision for designing future tube houses was discussed on several sustainability aspects: urban densification, energy efficiency, circular economy and social interaction. This research is also expected to contribute to the establishing of a future national technical regulation for private housing in Vietnam.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No. 03 (2021): Housing Refurbishment for Energy Efficiency and Comfort
Gaudin Models and Multipoint Conformal Blocks: General Theory
Creators: name: Buric, Ilija
name: Lacroix, Sylvain
name: Mann, Jeremy
name: Quintavalle, Lorenzo
name: Schomerus, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The construction of conformal blocks for the analysis of multipoint correlation functions with $N > 4$ local field insertions is an important open problem in higher dimensional conformal field theory. This is the first in a series of papers in which we address this challenge, following and extending our short announcement in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 021602]. According to Dolan and Osborn, conformal blocks can be determined from the set of differential eigenvalue equations that they satisfy. We construct a complete set of commuting differential operators that characterize multipoint conformal blocks for any number $N$ of points in any dimension and for any choice of OPE channel through the relation with Gaudin integrable models we uncovered in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 021602]. For 5-point conformal blocks, there exist five such operators which are worked out smoothly in the dimension $d$.
description: 52 pages, 10 figures; v2: published version, corrected typos in main text and Mathematica notebook