cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Double and cyclic $λ$-deformations and their canonical equivalents
Creators: name: Georgiou, George
name: Sfetsos, Konstantinos
name: Siampos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the doubly lambda-deformed sigma-models, which include integrable cases, are canonically equivalent to the sum of two single lambda-deformed models. This explains the equality of the exact beta-functions and current anomalous dimensions of the doubly lambda-deformed sigma-models to those of two single lambda-deformed models. Our proof is based upon agreement of their Hamiltonian densities and of their canonical structure. Subsequently, we show that it is possible to take a well defined non-Abelian type limit of the doubly-deformed action. Last, but not least, by extending the above, we construct multi-matrix integrable deformations of an arbitrary number of WZW models.
description: 1+17 pages, Latex; v2: PLB version, v3: Correcting a typo in Eq.(3.7)
Times Square sampling: an adaptive algorithm for free energy estimation
Creators: name: Predescu, Cristian
name: Snarski, Michael
name: Robinson-Mosher, Avi
name: Sritharan, Duluxan
name: Szalay, Tamas
name: Shaw, David E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Estimating free energy differences, an important problem in computational drug discovery and in a wide range of other application areas, commonly involves a computationally intensive process of sampling a family of high-dimensional probability distributions and a procedure for computing estimates based on those samples. The variance of the free energy estimate of interest typically depends strongly on how the total computational resources available for sampling are divided among the distributions, but determining an efficient allocation is difficult without sampling the distributions. Here we introduce the Times Square sampling algorithm, a novel on-the-fly estimation method that dynamically allocates resources in such a way as to significantly accelerate the estimation of free energies and other observables, while providing rigorous convergence guarantees for the estimators. We also show that it is possible, surprisingly, for on-the-fly free energy estimation to achieve lower asymptotic variance than the maximum-likelihood estimator MBAR, raising the prospect that on-the-fly estimation could reduce variance in a variety of other statistical applications. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
title: ГОРОДСКИЕ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕЖИМЫ В ЗЕРКАЛЕ ГРУППОВОГО СТУДЕНЧЕСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ (КЕЙС ЮГА РОССИИ)
Creators: name: Подшибякина, Татьяна
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2022

description: В работе анализируются методологические возможности концепции городских политических режимов К. Стоуна применительно к современным политическим реалиям. На основе обзора дискуссии в научном сообществе делается вывод о парадигмальном кризисе концепции и о необходимости оценки её эффективности как аналитического инструмента исследования городских политических режимов. Даётся оценка новой интерпретации содержания концепции, предложенной самим автором, как концепции городского порядка, которая позволит учитывать влияние контекстуальных изменений на формирование механизмов управления городом. Вносится определённый вклад в научную дискуссию относительно новых контекстуальных факторов, оказывающих влияние на взаимодействие основных институтов городского порядка – структур власти и структур гражданского общества. Предлагается в качестве неинституализированного контекстного фактора рассматривать групповое общественное сознание. Доказывается, что групповое общественное сознание может стать тем индикатором, который поможет выявить уникальность данной городской общности и оценить эффективность конкретного городского политического режима / порядка, просчитать риски взаимовлияния власти и общества в процессе коммуникативного взаимодействия. В качестве примера приводится анализ нескольких городских кейсов Южного федерального округа, отражающих особую национальную и религиозную специфику. Эмпирической базой вторичного социологического анализа послужил опрос 2500 студентов, проведённый в 2019–2021 годах в городах Ростов-на-Дону, Новочеркасск, Краснодар, Ставрополь, Пятигорск, Нальчик, Астрахань.
Cyclic Datatypes modulo Bisimulation based on Second-Order Algebraic Theories
Creators: name: Hamana, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.2; E.1; F.3.2

description: Cyclic data structures, such as cyclic lists, in functional programming are tricky to handle because of their cyclicity. This paper presents an investigation of categorical, algebraic, and computational foundations of cyclic datatypes. Our framework of cyclic datatypes is based on second-order algebraic theories of Fiore et al., which give a uniform setting for syntax, types, and computation rules for describing and reasoning about cyclic datatypes. We extract the "fold" computation rules from the categorical semantics based on iteration categories of Bloom and Esik. Thereby, the rules are correct by construction. We prove strong normalisation using the General Schema criterion for second-order computation rules. Rather than the fixed point law, we particularly choose Bekic law for computation, which is a key to obtaining strong normalisation. We also prove the property of "Church-Rosser modulo bisimulation" for the computation rules. Combining these results, we have a remarkable decidability result of the equational theory of cyclic data and fold.
description: 38 pages
What role can Open Science play in enabling South-North dialogues?
Creators: name: Havemann, Johanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: preprints
preprint repository
Africa
Open Science
Languages

description: Transparency and open access in research are crucial to make the economy, medical services and thus society more effective and efficient. This applies to individual municipalities and regions within countries, nationwide, and ultimately also to the global society. The elephant in the room is evidently the ongoing climate change, as well as related global challenges and issues such as migration, environmental degradation, single nation economics, and conflict resolution. These topics are only partially separable; which is why transparent data collection and the utilisation of research results in our digital age are not only possible, but also urgently needed. Global threats and challenges resulting from climate change and political crises call for a new agenda to find solutions that work for not just a few but the global community. To provide more visibility and more opportunities to world-wide scientific discussions to African scientists we founded a region-specific preprint repository. Having a repository specific to the African research community can trigger interdisciplinary research within the continent as well as globally with research institutions overseas. The repository is a platform for African scientists to publish their research output immediately and free of cost. This makes it possible for them to receive feedback on their work, improve the manuscript for submission to a peer reviewed journal and identify potential collaboration partners for future projects. The repository can be used for project management in a local language for the manuscript to be submitted in a field specialized repository in English. We encourage submissions in languages that are commonly used by the scientific community in the respective country, such as English, French, Swahili, Zulu, Afrikaans, Igbo, Akan, or other native African languages. Researchers in Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia now have the opportunity to find up to date research results through online publishing systems, databases and scientific service providers, make their own research output more visible and build transcontinental collaborations more effectively. Therefore, practiced Open Science allows for more diversity in research output and the convergence of the global scientific community.
description: Presented at the International Open Science Conference 2019 in Berlin. #osc2019
Quark pair angular correlations in the proton: entropy versus entanglement negativity
Creators: name: Dumitru, Adrian
name: Kolbusz, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-particle correlations in the proton on the light-front are described by a mixed density matrix obtained by tracing over all other, unobserved, degrees of freedom. We quantify genuinely quantum quark azimuthal correlations in terms of the entanglement negativity measure of Quantum Information Theory. While the two-quark state in color space is one of high entropy and weak quantum correlation, we find that a standard three-quark model wave function from the literature predicts an azimuthally correlated state of low entropy and high entanglement negativity. Low entropy is consistent with expectations for many colors (at fixed 't Hooft coupling $g^2 N_c$) but high negativity indicates substantial two-particle quantum correlations at $N_c=3$. Suppressing quantum correlations associated with entanglement negativity strongly modifies quark pair azimuthal moments $\langle ζ^n \rangle$, $ζ= \exp(i (ϕ_1-ϕ_2))$, intrinsic to the proton state. We also describe how to account for the leading ${\cal O}(g^2)$ correction to the density matrix from light-cone perturbation theory which is due to the presence (or exchange) of a gluon in the proton. This correction increases the entropy and reduces the negativity of the density matrix for quark pair azimuthal correlations. Hence, the entanglement negativity measure may provide novel insight into the structure of the proton state of QCD.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure; v2: added intrinsic quark pair azimuthal moments and appendix B describing a transformation of the density matrix to suppress quantum correlations associated with entanglement negativity
Scale Coding Bag of Deep Features for Human Attribute and Action Recognition
Creators: name: Khan, Fahad Shahbaz
name: van de Weijer, Joost
name: Anwer, Rao Muhammad
name: Bagdanov, Andrew D.
name: Felsberg, Michael
name: Laaksonen, Jorma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most approaches to human attribute and action recognition in still images are based on image representation in which multi-scale local features are pooled across scale into a single, scale-invariant encoding. Both in bag-of-words and the recently popular representations based on convolutional neural networks, local features are computed at multiple scales. However, these multi-scale convolutional features are pooled into a single scale-invariant representation. We argue that entirely scale-invariant image representations are sub-optimal and investigate approaches to scale coding within a Bag of Deep Features framework. Our approach encodes multi-scale information explicitly during the image encoding stage. We propose two strategies to encode multi-scale information explicitly in the final image representation. We validate our two scale coding techniques on five datasets: Willow, PASCAL VOC 2010, PASCAL VOC 2012, Stanford-40 and Human Attributes (HAT-27). On all datasets, the proposed scale coding approaches outperform both the scale-invariant method and the standard deep features of the same network. Further, combining our scale coding approaches with standard deep features leads to consistent improvement over the state-of-the-art.
description: To appear in Machine Vision and Applications
Large deviations for the Pearson family of ergodic diffusion processes involving a quadratic diffusion coefficient and a linear force
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Pearson family of ergodic diffusions with a quadratic diffusion coefficient and a linear force are characterized by explicit dynamics of their integer moments and by explicit relaxation spectral properties towards their steady state. Besides the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process with a Gaussian steady state, the other representative examples of the Pearson family are the Square-Root or the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross process converging towards the Gamma-distribution, the Jacobi process converging towards the Beta-distribution, the reciprocal-Gamma process (corresponding to an exponential functional of the Brownian motion) that converges towards the Inverse-Gamma-distribution, the Fisher-Snedecor process, and the Student process, so that the last three steady states display heavy-tails. The goal of the present paper is to analyze the large deviations properties of these various diffusion processes in a unified framework. We first consider the Level 1 concerning time-averaged observables over a large time-window $T$ : we write the first rescaled cumulants for generic observables and we identify the specific observables whose large deviations can be explicitly computed from the dominant eigenvalue of the appropriate deformed-generator. The explicit large deviations at Level 2 concerning the time-averaged density are then used to analyze the statistical inference of model parameters from data on a very long stochastic trajectory in order to obtain the explicit rate function for the two inferred parameters of the Pearson linear force.
description: v3=final version (63 pages) with new discussions of boundary conditions in various sections with respect to v1
ExBEHRT: Extended Transformer for Electronic Health Records to Predict Disease Subtypes & Progressions
Creators: name: Rupp, Maurice
name: Peter, Oriane
name: Pattipaka, Thirupathi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we introduce ExBEHRT, an extended version of BEHRT (BERT applied to electronic health records), and apply different algorithms to interpret its results. While BEHRT considers only diagnoses and patient age, we extend the feature space to several multimodal records, namely demographics, clinical characteristics, vital signs, smoking status, diagnoses, procedures, medications, and laboratory tests, by applying a novel method to unify the frequencies and temporal dimensions of the different features. We show that additional features significantly improve model performance for various downstream tasks in different diseases. To ensure robustness, we interpret model predictions using an adaptation of expected gradients, which has not been previously applied to transformers with EHR data and provides more granular interpretations than previous approaches such as feature and token importances. Furthermore, by clustering the model representations of oncology patients, we show that the model has an implicit understanding of the disease and is able to classify patients with the same cancer type into different risk groups. Given the additional features and interpretability, ExBEHRT can help make informed decisions about disease trajectories, diagnoses, and risk factors of various diseases.
description: ICLR 2023 Workshop on Trustworthy Machine Learning for Healthcare (Website: https://sites.google.com/view/tml4h2023/accepted-papers )
Emerging exceptional point with breakdown of skin effect in non-Hermitian systems
Creators: name: Jana, Sayan
name: Sirota, Lea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of two distinct non-Hermitian parameters: directional coupling and onsite gain-loss, together with topology, in coupled one-dimensional (1D) non-Hermitian Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chains. The SSH model represents one of the simplest two-band models that features boundary localized topological modes. Our study shows how the merging of two topological modes can lead to a striking spectral feature of non-Hermitian systems, namely exceptional point (EP). We reveal the existence EP as a singularity in the parameter space of non-Hermitian couplings carrying a half-integer topological charge. We also demonstrate two different localization behaviors observed in the bulk and hybridized topological modes. While the bulk states and individual topological modes remain localized at the boundaries due to skin effect, the competition between the constituent non-Hermitian parameters can overcome the strength of skin effect and lead to the complete \textit{delocalization} of these hybridized modes. We obtain explicit analytic solutions for the eigenfunction and the eigenenergy of the hybridized modes, which exactly match the numerical results and successfully reveal the underlying cause of delocalization and the emergence of EP.
description: Title changed, writing revised , new results added, figures modified, and additional references included
People, Heritage and Place: Artwork at University of Bradford's Chancellor Installation
Creators: name: Wilson, Andrew
name: Croucher, Karina
name: Evans, Adrian
name: Gaffney, Chris
name: Sparrow, Thomas
name: Campbell, Sheena
name: Snaylam, Sharon
name: Walker, Adrian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Heritage
University of Bradford
Public engagement
Coproduction
Primary Schools
Heritage Management

description: Poster produced at University of Bradford for the Installation of the Chancellor, showcasing work from the AHRC-funded Saltaire: People, Heritage and Place project (AH/W009102/1).
 https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FW009102%2F1
Docetaxel radiosensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer by downregulating CAV-1
Creators: name: Tu, Kevin J.
name: Roy, Sanjit K.
name: Keepers, Zachery
name: Gartia, Manas R.
name: Shukla, Hem D.
name: Biswal, Nrusingh C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Docetaxel (DXL), a noted radiosensitizer, is one of the few chemotherapy drugs approved for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), though only a fraction of CRPCs respond to it. CAV-1, a critical regulator of radioresistance, has been known to modulate DXL and radiation effects. Combining DXL with radiotherapy may create a synergistic anticancer effect through CAV-1 and improve CRPC patients’ response to therapy. Here, we investigate the effectiveness and molecular characteristics of DXL and radiation combination therapy in vitro. We used live/dead assays to determine the IC50 of DXL for PC3, DU-145, and TRAMP-C1 cells. Colony formation assay was used to determine the radioresponse of the same cells treated with radiation with/without IC50 DXL (4, 8, and 12 Gy). We performed gene expression analysis on public transcriptomic data collected from human-derived prostate cancer cell lines (C4-2, PC3, DU-145, and LNCaP) treated with DXL for 8, 16, and 72 hours. Cell cycle arrest and protein expression were assessed using flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. Compared to radiation alone, combination therapy with DXL significantly increased CRPC death in PC3 (1.48-fold, p < .0001), DU-145 (1.64-fold, p < .05), and TRAMP-C1 (1.13-fold, p < .05) at 4 Gy of radiation. Gene expression of CRPC treated with DXL revealed downregulated genes related to cell cycle regulation and upregulated genes related to immune activation and oxidative stress. Confirming the results, G2/M cell cycle arrest was significantly increased after treatment with DXL and radiation. CAV-1 protein expression was decreased after DXL treatment in a dose-dependent manner; furthermore, CAV-1 copy number was strongly associated with poor response to therapy in CRPC patients. Our results suggest that DXL sensitizes CRPC cells to radiation by downregulating CAV-1. DXL + radiation combination therapy may be effective at treating CRPC, especially subtypes associated with high CAV-1 expression, and should be studied further.
Comparison of cellular responses to ionizing radiation in keratinocytes isolated from healthy donors and type II diabetes patients
Creators: name: Lee, Hae Jin
name: Im, Hyuntaik
name: Lee, Hae-June
name: Kim, Hyunggee
name: Yi, Jae Youn
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Due to the expanding repertoire of treatment devices that use radiation, the possibility of exposure to both low-dose and high-dose radiation continues to increase. Skin is the outermost part of the body and thus directly exposed to radiation-induced damage. In particular, the skin of diabetes patients is fragile and easily damaged by external stimuli, such as radiation. However, damage and cellular responses induced by ionizing irradiation in diabetic skin have not been explored in detail. In this study, we investigated the effects of several irradiation dose on normal keratinocytes and those from type II diabetes patients, with particular focus on DNA damage. Cellular responses to low-dose radiation (0.1 Gy) and high-dose radiation (0.5 and 2 Gy) were evaluated. Cell cycle analysis was conducted via flow cytometry and cell viability analyzed using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Proteins related to the DNA damage response (DDR) and repair signaling pathways and apoptosis were detected via immunoblot analysis. Apoptosis and cell differentiation were additionally examined in 3D skin organoids using immunohistochemistry. Compared to respective control groups, no significant changes were observed in cell cycle, DDR and repair mechanisms, cell survival, and differentiation in response to 0.1 Gy irradiation in both normal and diabetes type II keratinocytes. On the other hand, the cell cycle showed an increase in the G2/M phase in both cell types following exposure to 2 Gy irradiation. At radiation doses 2 Gy, activation of the DDR and repair signaling pathways, apoptosis, and cell differentiation were increased and viability was decreased in both cell types. Notably, these differences were more pronounced in normal than diabetes type II keratinocytes. Normal keratinocytes respond more strongly to radiation-induced damage and recovery than diabetes type II keratinocytes.
Critical Parameters, Thermodynamic Functions, and Shock Hugoniot of Aluminum Fluid at High Energy Density
Creators: name: Zaghloul, Mofreh R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present estimates of the critical properties, thermodynamic functions, and principal shock Hugoniot of hot dense aluminum fluid as predicted from a chemical model for the equation-of-state of hot dense, partially ionized and partially degenerate plasma. The essential features of strongly coupled plasma of metal vapors, such as multiple ionization, Coulomb interactions among charged particles, partial degeneracy, and intensive short range hard core repulsion are taken into consideration. Internal partition functions of neutral, excited, and multiply ionized species are carefully evaluated in a statistical-mechanically consistent way. Results predicted from the present model are presented, analyzed and compared with available experimental measurements and other predictions in the literature. A distinct feature of the predictions of the present model is the appearance of a third kink in the Hugoniot curve at a weaker shock strength which can be attributed to the successive ionization of the three electrons in the M shell.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures
On smooth approximations in the Wasserstein space
Creators: name: Cosso, Andrea
name: Martini, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A33, 28A15, 49N80

description: In this paper we investigate the approximation of continuous functions on the Wasserstein space by smooth functions, with smoothness meant in the sense of Lions differentiability. In particular, in the case of a Lipschitz function we are able to construct a sequence of infinitely differentiable functions having the same Lipschitz constant as the original function. This solves an open problem raised in [11]. For (resp. twice) continuously differentiable function, we show that our approximation also holds for the first-order derivative (resp. second-order derivatives), therefore solving another open problem raised in [11].
Measuring the Accuracy of Automatic Speech Recognition Solutions
Creators: name: Kuhn, Korbinian
name: Kersken, Verena
name: Reuter, Benedikt
name: Egger, Niklas
name: Zimmermann, Gottfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2.7

description: For d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people, captioning is an essential accessibility tool. Significant developments in artificial intelligence (AI) mean that Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is now a part of many popular applications. This makes creating captions easy and broadly available - but transcription needs high levels of accuracy to be accessible. Scientific publications and industry report very low error rates, claiming AI has reached human parity or even outperforms manual transcription. At the same time the DHH community reports serious issues with the accuracy and reliability of ASR. There seems to be a mismatch between technical innovations and the real-life experience for people who depend on transcription. Independent and comprehensive data is needed to capture the state of ASR. We measured the performance of eleven common ASR services with recordings of Higher Education lectures. We evaluated the influence of technical conditions like streaming, the use of vocabularies, and differences between languages. Our results show that accuracy ranges widely between vendors and for the individual audio samples. We also measured a significant lower quality for streaming ASR, which is used for live events. Our study shows that despite the recent improvements of ASR, common services lack reliability in accuracy.
Generation of quantum-certified random numbers using on-chip path-entangled single photons from an LED
Creators: name: Leone, Nicolò
name: Azzini, Stefano
name: Mazzucchi, Sonia
name: Moretti, Valter
name: Sanna, Matteo
name: Borghi, Massimo
name: Piccoli, Gioele
name: Bernard, Martino
name: Ghulinyan, Mher
name: Pavesi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon entanglement is a peculiar type of entanglement in which two or more degrees of freedom of a single photon are correlated quantum-mechanically. Here, we demonstrate a photonic integrated chip (PIC) able to generate and manipulate single-photon path-entangled states, using a commercial red LED as light source. A Bell test, in the Clauser, Horne, Shimony and Holt (CHSH) form, is performed to confirm the presence of entanglement, resulting in a maximum value of the CHSH correlation parameter equal to $2.605 \pm 0.004$. This allows us to use it as an integrated semi-device independent quantum random number generator able to produce certified random numbers. The certification scheme is based on a Bell's inequality violation and on a partial characterization of the experimental setup, without the need of introducing any further assumptions either on the input state or on the particular form of the measurement observables. In the end a min-entropy of $33\%$ is demonstrated.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures
Petermann factors and phase rigidities near exceptional points
Creators: name: Wiersig, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Petermann factor and the phase rigidity are convenient measures for various aspects of open quantum and wave systems, such as the sensitivity of energy eigenvalues to perturbations or the magnitude of quantum excess noise in lasers. We discuss the behavior of these two important quantities near non-Hermitian degeneracies, so-called exceptional points. For small generic perturbations, we derive analytically explicit formulas which reveal a relation to the spectral response strength of the exceptional point. These formulas shed light on the possibilities for enhanced sensing in passive systems. The predictions of the general theory are successfully compared to analytical solutions of a toy model. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the connection between the Petermann factor and the spectral response strength provides the basis for an efficient numerical scheme to calculate the latter. Our theory is also important in the presence of the unavoidable imperfections in the fabrication of exceptional points as it allows to determine of what is left of the sensitivity for such imperfect exceptional points studied in experiments.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Chaotic initial conditions for nonminimally coupled inflation via a conformal factor with a zero
Creators: name: Kim, Jinsu
name: McDonald, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonminimally coupled inflation models based on a nonminimal coupling $ξϕ^{2} R$ and a $ϕ^{4}$ potential are in excellent agreement with the scalar spectral index observed by Planck. Here we consider the modification of these models by a conformal factor with a zero. This enables a nonminimally coupled model to have a Planck-scale potential energy density at large values of the inflaton field, which can account for the smooth, potential-dominated volume that is necessary for inflation to start. We show that models with a conformal factor zero generally predict a correlated increase of the spectral index $n_{s}$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. For values of $n_{s}$ that are within the present $2-σ$ bounds from Planck, modification by $Δr$ as large as 0.0013 is possible, which is large enough to be measured by next generation cosmic microwave background polarization satellites.
description: v2: PRD published version
Influence of anti-ferromagnetic ordering and electron correlation on the electronic structure of MnTiO$_3$
Creators: name: Ali, Asif
name: Maurya, R. K.
name: Bansal, Sakshi
name: Reddy, B. H.
name: Singh, Ravi Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron correlation and long-range magnetic ordering have a significant impact on the electronic structure and physical properties of solids. Here, we investigate the electronic structure of ilmenite MnTiO$_{3}$ using room temperature photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical approaches within density functional theory (DFT), DFT+$U$ and DFT+dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Mn 2$p$ (Ti 2$p$) core level photoemission spectra, confirming Mn$^{2+}$ (Ti$^{4+}$) oxidation state, exhibit multiple satellites which are very similar to that of MnO (TiO$_{2}$), suggesting similar strength of various interactions in this system. Valence band spectra collected at different photon energies suggest dominant Mn 3$d$ character in the highest occupied band with a wide insulating gap. DFT(+$U$) correctly predicts the experimentally observed anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) insulating ground state for MnTiO$_3$ where the requirement of a large $U$ to reproduce the experimental values of magnetic moment and band gap signifies the importance of electron correlation. Magnetically disordered paramagnetic (PM) phase could be well captured within DFT+DMFT, which provides an excellent agreement for the experimental band gap, paramagnetic moment, valence band spectra as well as dominant Mn 3$d$ character in the highest occupied band. The calculated spectral function remains largely unaffected and exhibits sharper features in the magnetically ordered AFM phase. We show that the electronic structure of MnTiO$_{3}$ in both the PM and AFM phases can be accurately described within DFT+DMFT.
The (logarithmic) least squares optimality of the arithmetic (geometric) mean of weight vectors calculated from all spanning trees for incomplete additive (multiplicative) pairwise comparison matrices
Creators: name: Bozóki, Sándor
name: Tsyganok, Vitaliy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50, 90B50, 94C15

description: Complete and incomplete additive/multiplicative pairwise comparison matrices are applied in preference modelling, multi-attribute decision making and ranking. The equivalence of two well known methods is proved in this paper. The arithmetic (geometric) mean of weight vectors, calculated from all spanning trees, is proved to be optimal to the (logarithmic) least squares problem, not only for complete, as it was recently shown in Lundy, M., Siraj, S., Greco, S. (2017): The mathematical equivalence of the "spanning tree" and row geometric mean preference vectors and its implications for preference analysis, European Journal of Operational Research 257(1) 197-208, but for incomplete matrices as well. Unlike the complete case, where an explicit formula, namely the row arithmetic/geometric mean of matrix elements, exists for the (logarithmic) least squares problem, the incomplete case requires a completely different and new proof. Finally, Kirchhoff's laws for the calculation of potentials in electric circuits is connected to our results.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
Docetaxel radiosensitizes castration resistant prostate cancer by downregulating CAV-1
Creators: name: Tu, Kevin J.
name: Roy, Sanjit K.
name: Keepers, Zachery
name: Gartia, Manas R.
name: Shukla, Hem D.
name: Biswal, Nrusingh C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Purpose: Docetaxel (dox), a noted radiosensitizer, is one of the few chemotherapy drugs approved for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), though only a fraction of CRPCs respond to it. CAV-1, a critical regulator of radioresistance, has been known to modulate dox and radiation effects. Combining dox with radiotherapy may create a synergistic anticancer effect through CAV-1 and improve CRPC patients' response to therapy. Here, we investigate the effectiveness and molecular characteristics of dox and radiation combination therapy in vitro. Materials and Methods: We used live/dead assays to determine the IC50 of dox for PC3, DU-145, and TRAMP-C1 cells. Colony formation assay was used to determine the radioresponse of the same cells treated with radiation with/without IC50 dox (4, 8, 12 Gy). We performed gene expression analysis on public transcriptomic data collected from human-derived prostate cancer cell lines (C4-2, PC3, DU-145, LNCaP) treated with dox for 8, 16, and 72 hours. Cell cycle arrest and protein expression were assessed using flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. Results: Compared to radiation alone, combination therapy with dox significantly increased CRPC death in PC3 (1.48-fold, p < 0.0001), DU-145 (1.64-fold, p < 0.05), and TRAMP-C1 (1.13-fold, p < 0.05) at 4 Gy of radiation. Gene expression of CRPC treated with dox revealed downregulated genes related to cell cycle regulation and upregulated genes related to immune activation and oxidative stress. Confirming the results, G2/M cell cycle arrest was significantly increased after treatment with dox and radiation. CAV-1 protein expression was decreased after dox treatment in a dose-dependent manner; furthermore, CAV-1 copy number was strongly associated with poor response to therapy in CRPC patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that dox sensitizes CRPC cells to radiation by downregulating CAV-1. Dox + radiation combination therapy may be effective at treating CRPC, especially subtypes associated with high CAV-1 expression, and should be studied further.
Thermal crumpling of perforated two-dimensional sheets
Creators: name: Yllanes, D.
name: Bhabesh, S. S.
name: Nelson, D. R.
name: Bowick, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermalized elastic membranes without distant self-avoidance are believed to undergo a crumpling transition when the microscopic bending stiffness is comparable to $kT$, the scale of thermal fluctuations. Most potential physical realizations of such membranes have a bending stiffness well in excess of experimentally achievable temperatures and are therefore unlikely ever to access the crumpling regime. We propose a mechanism to tune the onset of the crumpling transition by altering the geometry and topology of the sheet itself. We carry out extensive molecular dynamics simulations of perforated sheets with a dense periodic array of holes and observe that the critical temperature is controlled by the total fraction of removed area, independent of the precise arrangement and size of the individual holes. The critical exponents for the perforated membrane are compatible with those of the standard crumpling transition.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures. Version accepted for publication in Nature Communications
High-temperature observation of intralayer, interlayer, and Rydberg excitons in bulk van der Waals alloy single crystals
Creators: name: Taank, Pravrati
name: Ali, Asif
name: Raji, Aravind
name: Poonia, Ajay K.
name: Beard, Matthew C.
name: Singh, Ravi Shankar
name: Adarsh, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit remarkable optical properties due to the diverse number of strongly bound excitons, which can be fine-tuned by alloying. Despite a flurry of research activity in characterizing these excitons, a comprehensive and profound understanding of their behavior with temperature is lacking. Here, we report the rich spectrum of excitonic features within bulk van der Waals alloy Mo$_{0.5}$W$_{0.5}$S$_2$ and Mo$_{0.5}$W$_{0.5}$Se$_2$ single crystals through temperature-dependent reflectance spectroscopy and first-principle calculations. We observed Rydberg excitons and interlayer excitons in both the single crystals. Notably, we provide the first experimental evidence of highly energetic A$^\prime$ and B$^\prime$ excitons in Mo$_{0.5}$W$_{0.5}$S$_2$ at room temperature. The strong carrier-phonon scattering significantly broadens the A$^\prime$, B$^\prime$ and interlayer excitons at room temperature in bulk Mo$_{0.5}$W$_{0.5}$S$_2$ single crystal compared to its selenide. Our findings, supported by density functional theory and Bethe-Salpeter equation calculations, signify the crucial role of carrier-phonon interactions. These results open pathways for next-generation optoelectronic devices and quantum technologies operating at high temperature.
Factorization and Resummation for Massive Quark Effects in Exclusive Drell-Yan
Creators: name: Pietrulewicz, Piotr
name: Samitz, Daniel
name: Spiering, Anne
name: Tackmann, Frank J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exclusive differential spectra in color-singlet processes at hadron colliders are benchmark observables that have been studied to high precision in theory and experiment. We present an effective-theory framework utilizing soft-collinear effective theory to incorporate massive (bottom) quark effects into resummed differential distributions, accounting for both heavy-quark initiated primary contributions to the hard scattering process as well as secondary effects from gluons splitting into heavy-quark pairs. To be specific, we focus on the Drell-Yan process and consider the vector-boson transverse momentum, $q_T$, and beam thrust, $\mathcal T$, as examples of exclusive observables. The theoretical description depends on the hierarchy between the hard, mass, and the $q_T$ (or $\mathcal T$) scales, ranging from the decoupling limit $q_T \ll m$ to the massless limit $m \ll q_T$. The phenomenologically relevant intermediate regime $m \sim q_T$ requires in particular quark-mass dependent beam and soft functions. We calculate all ingredients for the description of primary and secondary mass effects required at NNLL$'$ resummation order (combining NNLL evolution with NNLO boundary conditions) for $q_T$ and $\mathcal T$ in all relevant hierarchies. For the $q_T$ distribution the rapidity divergences are different from the massless case and we discuss features of the resulting rapidity evolution. Our results will allow for a detailed investigation of quark-mass effects in the ratio of $W$ and $Z$ boson spectra at small $q_T$, which is important for the precision measurement of the $W$-boson mass at the LHC.
description: 42 pages + appendices, 21 figures; v2: journal version
AAROC/cvmfs-client-2.2: CODE-RADE cvmfs client role v1.1.2
Creators: name: Becker, Bruce
name: , Sean
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: About This release of the Ansible role for CVMFS in the Africa-Arabia Regional Operations Centre has been updated to fix a few minor configuration errors in the code-rade.africa-grid.org repository and add a few contributions towards the community health of the project. CODE-RADE is a project for Continuous Delivery of Research Applications in a Distributed Environment; this Ansible role provides the CVMFS client configuration to mount the repositories populated by the continuous integration and testing system at ci.sagrid.ac.za. With the publication of the Foundation Release 3 of the CODE-RADE project, we have changed the scope and name of the repositories, as well as the public signing key. Summary of main changes 2249079 Refactor the CODE-RADE repo config e7cb8af provide default config 89199a8 Add CVMFS_HTTP_PROXY 7c9ccb1 Add link to NA role for testing 08bbbb6 Pull in tasks based on virtualization_role 3369422 Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/brucellino/cvmfs-client-2.2 76b9c95 Remove fast and app repo eebf434 Create CONTRIBUTING.md ee5a357 Merge pull request #1 from brucellino/add-code-of-conduct-1 3dac5ac Create CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md 5ad0b0e Merge pull request #1 from bazinski/fixcoderade 7e619e8 fixed server url to include the actual repo for code-rade 699e9f0 Update for CODE-RADE repos 60a911d Fastrepo->CODE-RADE 04b2187 Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/AAROC/cvmfs-client-2.2 into HEAD 6634243 Fastrepo->CODE-RADE Citing
The Large Array Survey Telescope -- Science Goals
Creators: name: Ben-Ami, S.
name: Ofek, E. O.
name: Polishook, D.
name: Franckowiak, A.
name: Hallakoun, N.
name: Segre, E.
name: Shvartzvald, Y.
name: Strotjohann, N. L.
name: Yaron, O.
name: Aharonson, O.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: Berge, D.
name: Ramazani, V. Fallah
name: Gal-Yam, A.
name: Garrappa, S.
name: Hershko, O.
name: Nir, G.
name: Ohm, S.
name: Rybicki, K.
name: Segev, N.
name: Shani, Y. M.
name: Sofer-Rimalt, Y.
name: Weimann, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST) is designed to survey the variable and transient sky at high temporal cadence. The array is comprised of 48 F/2.2 telescopes of 27.9cm aperture, coupled to full-frame backside-illuminated cooled CMOS detectors with $3.76$$μ$m pixels, resulting in a pixel scale of $1.25\mathrm{arcsec}$. A single telescope with a field of view of $7.4\mathrm{deg}^2$ reaches a $5σ$ limiting magnitude of $19.6$ in $20$s. LAST 48 telescopes are mounted on 12 independent mounts -- a modular design which allows us to conduct optimized parallel surveys. Here we provide a detailed overview of the LAST survey strategy and its key scientific goals. These include the search for gravitational-wave (GW) electromagnetic counterparts with a system that can cover the uncertainty regions of the next-generation GW detectors in a single exposure, the study of planetary systems around white dwarfs, and the search for near-Earth objects. LAST is currently being commissioned, with full scientific operations expected in mid 2023. This paper is accompanied by two complementary publications in this issue, giving an overview of the system (Ofek et al. 2023a) and of the dedicated data reduction pipeline (Ofek et al. 2023b).