cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Positional Bias for Query-Agnostic Generative Content in Search
Creators: name: Parry, Andrew
name: MacAvaney, Sean
name: Ganguly, Debasis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, neural ranking models (NRMs) have been shown to substantially outperform their lexical counterparts in text retrieval. In traditional search pipelines, a combination of features leads to well-defined behaviour. However, as neural approaches become increasingly prevalent as the final scoring component of engines or as standalone systems, their robustness to malicious text and, more generally, semantic perturbation needs to be better understood. We posit that the transformer attention mechanism can induce exploitable defects through positional bias in search models, leading to an attack that could generalise beyond a single query or topic. We demonstrate such defects by showing that non-relevant text--such as promotional content--can be easily injected into a document without adversely affecting its position in search results. Unlike previous gradient-based attacks, we demonstrate these biases in a query-agnostic fashion. In doing so, without the knowledge of topicality, we can still reduce the negative effects of non-relevant content injection by controlling injection position. Our experiments are conducted with simulated on-topic promotional text automatically generated by prompting LLMs with topical context from target documents. We find that contextualisation of a non-relevant text further reduces negative effects whilst likely circumventing existing content filtering mechanisms. In contrast, lexical models are found to be more resilient to such content injection attacks. We then investigate a simple yet effective compensation for the weaknesses of the NRMs in search, validating our hypotheses regarding transformer bias.
description: 8 pages, 4 main figures, 7 appendix pages, 2 appendix figures, Accepted to ACL 2024 Findings
A Modular Pragmatic Architecture for Multiuser MIMO with Array-Fed RIS
Creators: name: Tiwari, Krishan Kumar
name: Caire, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a power- and hardware-efficient, pragmatic, modular, multiuser/multibeam array-fed RIS architecture particularly suited to operate in very high frequency bands (high mmWave and sub-THz), where channels are typically sparse in the beamspace and line-of-sight (LOS) is required to achieve an acceptable received signal level. The key module is an active multi-antenna feeder (AMAF) with a small number of active antennas placed in the near field of a RIS with a much larger number of passive controllable reflecting elements. We propose a pragmatic approach to obtain a steerable beam with high gain and very low sidelobes. Then, $K$ independently controlled beams can be achieved by stacking $K$ of such AMAF-RIS modules. Our analysis takes in full account: 1) the near-end crosstalk (NEXT) between the modules, 2) the far-end crosstalk (FEXT) due to the sidelobes; 3) a thorough energy efficiency comparison with respect to conventional active arrays with the same beamforming performance. Overall, we show that the proposed architecture is very attractive in terms of spectral efficiency, ease of implementation (hardware complexity), and energy efficiency.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, The 25th IEEE International Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC) 2024, Lucca, Italy. This paper is a condensed version of our earlier work (arXiv:2311.18593), focusing specifically on the example of a 16x16 RIS fed by a 2x2 AMAF presented at SPAWC 2024. For a more comprehensive treatment, including log scale ground footprints, RIS phase heat maps, frequency selectivity analysis for broadband design, beam steering-based codebook design, zero forcing precoding, benchmark comparisons against optimum active arrays, multiple examples, and detailed power efficiency analysis, please refer to the full version in arXiv:2311.18593.
Rashba coupling and spin switching through surface states of Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Baba, Yuriko
name: Domínguez-Adame, Francisco
name: Platero, Gloria
name: Molina, Rafael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling on the Fermi arcs of topological Dirac semimetals. The Rashba coupling is induced by breaking the inversion symmetry at the surface. Remarkably, this coupling could be enhanced by the interaction with the substrate and controlled by an external electric field. We study analytically and numerically the rotation of the spin of the surface states as a function of the electron's momentum and the coupling strength. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the spin-dependent two-terminal conductance is presented in the clean limit and with the addition of a random distribution of impurities. Depending on the magnitude of the quadratic terms in the Hamiltonian, the spin-flip conductance may become dominant, thus showing the potential of the system for spintronic applications, since the effect is robust even in the presence of disorder.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Traceability perception of beef: a comparison between Spanish and Italian consumers
Creators: name: Mora, Cristina
name: Menozzi, Davide
name: Faioli, Giusi
name: De Carlos, Pilar
name: Briz, Julian
name: De Felipe, Isabel
name: Mora, Cristina
name: Menozzi, Davide
name: Faioli, Giusi
name: De Carlos, Pilar
name: Briz, Julian
name: De Felipe, Isabel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: traceability
subject: focus group
subject: beef market
subject: supply chain valorisation strategies
subject: consumer perception

description: Nowadays, the increasing demand by customers and consumers for information on food quality and safety determines, to a certain degree, the structure of the food chain. Traceability is considered as a tool to reach and keep consumers' confidence, which became a central issue to restore consumers' confidence in beef safety after the BSE crisis that strongly affected the EU market. Numerous researches have been carried out to determine consumers' preferences related to quality and food safety. However, the consumer perception of beef traceability has not yet been studied enough. In this paper we want to investigate the perception of Italian and Spanish consumers on this issue by analysing the results of six focus groups carried out in both countries, in the framework of an EU project (TRACE- Tracing the origin of food) funded through the Food and Quality Priority of the EU Framework VI research programme. The differences and similarities in consumers' perception are analysed on the basis of the different product valorisation approach followed by the national supply chain in order to promote beef quality and safety. Finally, the paper shows the necessity to organise the supply chain product development and differentiation strategies in a consumer - based way.
The Bi-Hamiltonian Structure of the Short Pulse Equation
Creators: name: Brunelli, Jose Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the integrability of the short pulse equation derived recently by Schäfer and Wayne from a hamiltonian point of view. We give its bi-hamiltonian structure and show how the recursion operator defined by the hamiltonian operators is connected with the one obtained by Sakovich and Sakovich. An alternative zero-curvature formulation is also given.
description: Latex file, 7 pages, to appear in Physics Letter A
Summing Gravitational Effects from Loops of Inflationary Scalars
Creators: name: Miao, S. P.
name: Tsamis, N. C.
name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a procedure for re-summing the large logarithms induced in gravity by loops of inflationary scalars. We first show how the scalar can be integrated out of the field equations in the presence of constant graviton field. We then extend this result to a fully conserved form which explains the need for a finite renormalization of the cosmological constant which was previously inferred from explicit computation. A variant of the renormalization group turns out to explain the large logarithmic corrections revealed by explicit computation in the electric field strength of gravitational radiation and in the potentials which characterize the response to a point mass. The implications for graviton loops are discussed.
description: 26 pages, 1 Table, uses LaTeX2e Version 2 revised for publication with 28 pages
A Note on Real Tunneling Geometries
Creators: name: Carlip, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Hartle-Hawking ``no boundary'' approach to quantum cosmology, a real tunneling geometry is a configuration that represents a transition from a compact Riemannian spacetime to a Lorentzian universe. I complete an earlier proof that in three spacetime dimensions, such a transition is ``probable,'' in the sense that the required Riemannian geometry yields a genuine maximum of the semiclassical wave function.
description: 5 pages
Microtubule and lactate dehydrogenase binding
Creators: name: García-Escudero, Vega
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 310104
subject: Cell neurochemistry
classificationCode: 320903
subject: Central nervous system

description: Microtubules were purified and polymerized from C57 mouse brains, incubated with W-Tau, and analyzed by dot blot using anti-CW-Tau antibodies and electron microscopy. To address the effect of Tau isoforms in microtubule cytoskeleton SH-SY5Y cells were transduced with pWPI vectors expressing the T30 and CW-T30 isoforms and then, were fixed and stained with antibodies against β-tubulin (SIGMA, T4026) and area was measured using FIJI software.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was incubated with W-Tau at 80ºC, and aggregation was visualized using transmission electron microscopy (JEM1400 Flash Transmission Electron Microscope, Jeol).
The competitiveness of the Portuguese wine sector and a case study of exports and activity diversification in the Vinhos Verdes region
Creators: name: Diniz, Francisco J.
name: Katsioloudes, Marios
name: Fortunas, Sandra P.
name: Diniz, Francisco J.
name: Katsioloudes, Marios
name: Fortunas, Sandra P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: wine industry
subject: competitiveness indices
subject: exports
subject: activity diversification
subject: Vinhos Verdes wine

description: The world wine market is currently characterised by two principal wine suppliers: the European and the New World. Countries such as France, Italy, Spain and Portugal have witnessed a tremendous growth in the New World wine- makers (Australia, Chile, South Africa, etc.). As competition continues to intensify, wineries are searching for new channels to increase revenues and many vintners chose to develop other activities. Portugal is one of the European countries that present several natural and technical constraints which might be now resulting in modest performance regarding its position in the global wine market, competitiveness and dynamism required to overcome difficulties. The main objective of the study is to provide information to vintners concerning the current situation of the wine industry and possibly to present "holes" in the market which overall might be explored as new business opportunities. To that end, the research will attempt to measure the competitiveness of the Portuguese wine industry and its behaviour during a time period considered. This will be based on indices such as the trade intensity index, revealed comparative advantage, auto- sufficiency and market share ratios. This paper will also try to analyse empirically the specific case of exports and activity diversification in the Vinhos Verdes region.
How effective is the EU's import regime for oranges?
Creators: name: Goetz, Linde
name: Grethe, Harald
name: Goetz, Linde
name: Grethe, Harald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: trade preferences
subject: oranges
subject: tariff rate quota
subject: entry price

description: EU imports of oranges are restricted not only by ad valorem tariffs but also by the entry price system establishing a minimum import price. In addition, the EU applies a comprehensive system of trade preferences. The hypothesis of this paper is that, in contrast to its complexity, the effectiveness of the EU import system for oranges is low with respect to its goals, i.e. protecting EU producers and creating imports from preference receiving countries. The comparison of import prices for oranges from extra-EU countries with the EU entry price shows that the former are about 40% higher than the latter on average. Also, it is pointed out that at least 72% of extra-EU orange imports during the EU harvest season enter the EU tariff free. As a conclusion, the contribution of the import regime to the protection of EU producers is low. Concordantly, the preferential entry price is not utilized by orange preference receiving countries. Besides, although orange quotas increased from 1991 to 2003, actual exports from Mediterranean countries and thus quota filling rates have decreased over the same period. It is shown that EU trade preferences for oranges were not decisive for the development of Mediterranean countries' orange exports to the EU. In the light of the low effectiveness of the entry price system for oranges along with high transaction costs involved, its abolishment should be considered. Yet, results cannot be generalized, even not for citrus fruit, as is demonstrated for mandarins.
Cubic curves from instanton counting
Creators: name: Shadchin, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility to extract Seiberg-Witten curves from the formal series for the prepotential, which was obtained by the Nekrasov approach. A method for models whose Seiberg-Witten curves are not hyperelliptic is proposed. It is applied to the SU(N) model with one symmetric or antisymmetric representations as well as for SU(N_1)xSU(N_2) model with (N_1,N_2) or (N_1,\bar{N}_2) bifundamental matter. Solutions are compared with known results. For the gauge group product we have checked the instanton corrections which follow from our curves against direct instanton counting computations up to two instantons.
description: 30 pages, v2. typos fixed, referenced added
Algebraic treatments of the problems of the spin-1/2 particles in the one and two-dimensional geometry: a systematic study
Creators: name: Koc, Ramazan
name: Tutunculer, Hayriye
name: Koca, Mehmet
name: Olgar, Eser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider solutions of the 2x2 matrix Hamiltonians of the physical systems within the context of the su(2) and su(1,1) Lie algebra. Our technique is relatively simple when compared with the others and treats those Hamiltonians which can be treated in a unified framework of the $% Sp(4,R)$ algebra. The systematic study presented here reproduces a number of earlier results in a natural way as well as leads to a novel findings. Possible generalizations of the method are also suggested.
description: Annals of Physics (2005) to be published
Marketing dynamics and management excellence. The sources of successful internationalization of food processing company from transition economy (Case: MASPEX - Poland)
Creators: name: Lawniczak-Goscinska, Katarzyna
name: Lawniczak-Goscinska, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Poland
subject: food processing industry
subject: internationalization
subject: transition economy.

description: The paper presents a case story of the fall and rise of the food industry in Poland's transition economy, illustrated with the example of one of its most successful companies. The author distinguishes three stages of the economic transition of Poland: · stage one, in which the Polish food processing industry collapsed, faced with fierce foreign competition after the implementation of a strategy of liberalization and privatization; · stage two (since late 1990s) when young, dynamic and relatively well- educated Polish entrepreneurs and managers not only started to regain the local market but also begun international expansion, intensifying exports, primarily to EU markets, · stage three, during which the internationalization took the form of FDI in the former neighboring socialist/communist countries. The MASPEX Group provides an excellent example of successful revival and expansion achieved thanks to the company's: · dynamic marketing strategy executed by · a young, dynamic and highly professional management team.
Fermion spins in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Mansuroglu, Refik
name: Sahlmann, Hanno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define and study kinematical observables involving fermion spin, such as the total spin of a collection of particles, in loop quantum gravity. Due to the requirement of gauge invariance, the relevant quantum states contain strong entanglement between gravity and fermionic degrees of freedom. Interestingly we find that properties and spectra of the observables are nevertheless similar to their counterparts from quantum mechanics. However, there are also new effects. Due to the entanglement between gravity and fermionic degrees of freedom, alignment of quantum spins has consequences for quantized geometry. We sketch a particular effect of this kind that may in principle be observable.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures v2: small changes in the text, removed various typos. version essentially identical to the one published in PRD
"Sometimes You Just Gotta Risk It for the Biscuit": A Portrait of Student Risk-Taking
Creators: name: Leinonen, Juho
name: Denny, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding how individuals make decisions involving risk is a fundamental aspect of behavioral research. Despite the ubiquity of risk in various aspects of life, limited empirical work has explored student risk-taking behavior in computing education. This study aims to partially replicate prior research on risk-taking behavior in software engineers while focusing on students, shedding light on the factors that affect their risk-taking choices. In our work, students were presented with a hypothetical scenario related to meeting a course project deadline, where they had to choose between a risky option and a safer alternative. We examined several factors that might influence these choices, including the framing of the decision (as a potential gain or loss), students' enjoyment of programming, perceived difficulty of programming, and their performance in the course. Our findings reveal intriguing insights into student risk-taking behavior. Similar to software engineers in prior work, the framing of the decision significantly impacted the choices students made, with the loss framing leading to a higher likelihood for risky choices. Surprisingly, students displayed a greater inclination towards risk-taking compared to their professional counterparts in prior research. Furthermore, we observed that students' performance in the course and their enjoyment of programming had a subtle correlation with their risk-taking tendencies, with better-performing students and those who enjoyed programming being marginally more prone to taking risks. Notably, we did not find statistically significant correlations between perceived difficulty of programming and risk-taking behavior among students.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, 4 tables. Accepted for publication at the 2024 ACM Virtual Global Computing Education Conference (SIGCSE Virtual 2024)
Entanglement and quantum strategies reduce congestion costs in Pigou networks
Creators: name: Dudhe, Naini
name: Benjamin, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Pigou's problem has many applications in real life scenarios like traffic networks, graph theory, data transfer in internet networks, etc. The two player classical Pigou's network has an unique Nash equilibrium with the Price of Stability and Price of Anarchy agreeing with each other. The situation changes for the $k-$person classical Pigou's network with $n$ being the total number of people. If we fix the behaviour of $(n-2)$ people and assume that $k-$persons take path $P_2$ where $k
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications
Water Use Efficiency Differences in Maize Varieties under Every Furrow and Alternate Furrow Irrigation
Creators: name: Fandika, Isaac R.
name: Chipula, Grivin
name: Mwepa, Geoffrey
name: Fandika, Isaac R.
name: Chipula, Grivin
name: Mwepa, Geoffrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: maize varieties
subject: alternate furrow irrigation
subject: water use efficiency
subject: every furrow irrigation

description: Water-use efficiency (WUE) differences of selected maize varieties under alternate and every furrow irrigation were investigated in a split-plot design trials with three replicates. Alternate furrow (AFI) and Every furrow irrigation (EFI) were main treatments and twenty maize varieties were sub-treatments. Plots were 64 m2 with one maize seed per station spaced at 0.25m apart. Crop water use results indicated that EFI consumed more water than the AFI. The AFI reduced crop water consumption by 38 - 45% compared to EFI. Differences were also prominent in maize varieties‟ response to AFI. Late maturing maize varieties proved to have minor yield reduction with AFI compared to early and medium maturing maize varieties. WUE (kg m-3 ) differed with irrigation water application strategy (P<0.001). AFI had high WUE. A combination of AFI with selection of water efficient maize varieties was a good strategy for improving WUE. The AFI is a promising furrow irrigation water management strategy for water saving. According to farmers experience at five irrigation schemes and on station research, it was concluded that AFI is one of the climate smart irrigation technique that farmer can easily adopt and apply as it saves labour, time water whilst reducing conflict for water among irrigators. It was recommended that AFI be applied fully on early and medium maturing maize varieties within an irrigation interval of 7 days. For late maturing maize varieties, AFI technique should be applied from initial stage to mid - stage (up 55 days from planting) then apply EFI at tasselling and silking stages to reduce water stress at this critical stage.
Constraints on the lepton asymmetry and radiation energy density: Implications for PLANCK
Creators: name: Popa, Lucia Aurelia
name: Vasile, Ana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using most of the present CMB and LSS measurements and the BBN constraints on the primordial helium abundance, Y_p, we set bounds on the radiation content of the Universe and neutrino properties. We consider lepton asymmetric cosmological models parametrized by the neutrino degeneracy parameter ξ_ν and the variation of the relativistic degrees of freedom, ΔN_{oth}^{eff}, due to possible other physical processes that occurred between BBN and structure formation epoch. We found that present CMB and LSS data constraints the neutrino degeneracy parameter at ξ_ν \leq 0.722, implying a lepton asymmetry of the neutrino background {\cal L}_ν \leq 0.614 (2-σ). We also found ΔN^{eff}_{oth}=0.572^{+1.972}_{-1.780}, the contribution to the effective number of relativistic neutrino species N^{eff}=3.058^{+1.971}_{-1.178} and a primordial helium abundance Y_p=0.249^{+0.014}_{-0.016} (2-σerrors). These results bring an important improvement over the similar ones obtained by using WMAP~1-year and older LSS data or the WMAP~3-year data alone and the standard primordial helium abundance value Y_p=0.24, relaxing the stringent BBN constraint on the neutrino degeneracy parameter (ξ_ν \leq 0.07). We forecast that the CMB temperature and polarization maps observed with high angular resolutions and sensitivity by the future Planck Mission will constraint the primordial primordial helium abundance at Y_p=0.247 \pm 0.002 (2-σerrors) in agreement with the most stringent limits on Y_p given by the BBN and the neutrino degeneracy parameter at ξ_ν \leq 0.280 (2-σ), not excluding the possibility of larger lepton asymmetry. This work has been done on behalf of Planck-LFI activities.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; This work has been done on behalf of PLANCK-LFI activities
Technical Efficiency of Moringa Production: A case Study in Wolaita and Gamo Zones, Southern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Tafesse, Alula
name: Goshu, Degye
name: Gelaw, Fedaku
name: Ademe, Alelign
name: Tafesse, Alula
name: Goshu, Degye
name: Gelaw, Fedaku
name: Ademe, Alelign
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technical efficiency
subject: stochastic frontier model
subject: Moringa
subject: Ethiopia

description: Moringa has been becoming among vastly growing and trading commodities in different parts of Ethiopia for its multiple benefits. However, empirical researches analyzing its productivity at smallholder farmer level were missing. This study aimed to fill the existing gap with a cross-sectional survey study on sampled 117 Moringa producer farmers from southern Ethiopia. The Stochastic Frontier Model was used to estimate the level and factors determining the technical efficiency of Moringa production. The collected data fitted Cobb-Douglas production function with inputs, labor and the numbers of trees positively and significantly determined the output of Moringa. An estimated level of efficiency shows farmers have the possibility to increase Moringa output by 47.81% with existing inputs and technology. The land, off-farm activities, access to road, credit, and irrigation were significant factors affecting the technical efficiency of Moringa. It requires policies and development actions to perform on mechanisms to advance the production of Moringa. Hence, any development direction to enhance Moringa production should consider households with limited access to land and irrigation. Furthermore, the development of road infrastructure is required to increase agricultural productivity. In sum, modern credit institutions, as well as facilities, found essential to improve the livelihood of Moringa producers in the area.
The market acceptance and welfare impacts of genetic use restriction technologies (GURTS)
Creators: name: Khachaturyan, Marianna
name: Yiannaka, Amalia
name: Khachaturyan, Marianna
name: Yiannaka, Amalia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: genetic use restriction technologies
subject: genetic modification
subject: producer and consumer welfare

description: The paper develops a theoretical framework of heterogeneous consumers and producers to examine the market and welfare effects of the introduction of variety-level genetic use restriction technologies (V-GURTs) under the current No-Labeling regime of GMPs in the US market. Specifically, the study examines how the agronomic characteristics of GURTs, consumer perceptions and preferences regarding interventions in the production process (i.e., genetic modification) and producer cost structures (e.g., dependency on saving seed) affect the adoption of the technology by producers, the market acceptance of GURTs by consumers and consequently the innovator's incentive to introduce the new technology. Analytical results show that the introduction of GURTs may be welfare enhancing for consumers, producers and innovating firms when consumer aversion to GURTs is low, the agronomic benefits of the GURTs crop are high, and the expected penalty producers face when they cheat on their GM licensing agreements (e.g., due to inefficient or costly monitoring) is low.
Enhanced primordial gravitational waves from a stiff post-inflationary era due to an oscillating inflaton
Creators: name: Chen, Chao
name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
name: Eröncel, Cem
name: Ghoshal, Anish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate two classes of inflationary models, which lead to a stiff period after inflation that boosts the signal of primordial gravitational waves (GWs). In both families of models studied, we consider an oscillating scalar condensate, which when far away from the minimum it is overdamped by a warped kinetic term, a la $α$-attractors. This leads to successful inflation. The oscillating condensate is in danger of becoming fragmented by resonant effects when non-linearities take over. Consequently, the stiff phase cannot be prolonged enough to enhance primordial GWs at frequencies observable in the near future for low orders of the envisaged scalar potential. However, this is not the case for a higher-order scalar potential. Indeed, we show that this case results in a boosted GW spectrum that overlaps with future observations without generating too much GW radiation to de-stabilise Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. For example, taking $α={\cal O}(1)$, we find that the GW signal can be safely enhanced up to $Ω_{\rm GW}(f)\sim 10^{-11}$ at frequency $f\sim 10^2\,$Hz, which will be observable by the Einstein Telescope (ET). Our mechanism ends up with a characteristic GW spectrum, which if observed, can lead to the determination of the inflation energy scale, the reheating temperature and the shape (steepness) of the scalar potential around the minimum.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures; journal version
On the Dirac operator for a test electron in a Reissner--Weyl--Nordström black hole spacetime
Creators: name: Kiessling, Michael K. -H.
name: Tahvildar-Zadeh, A. Shadi
name: Toprak, Ebru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The present paper studies the Dirac Hamiltonian of a test electron with a domain of bi-spinor wave functions supported on the static region inside the Cauchy horizon of the subextremal RWN black hole spacetime, respectively inside the event horizon of the extremal RWN black hole spacetime. It is found that this Dirac Hamiltonian is not essentially self-adjoint, yet has infinitely many self-adjoint extensions. Including a sufficiently large anomalous magnetic moment interaction in the Dirac Hamiltonian restores essential self-adjointness; the empirical value of the electron's anomalous magnetic moment is large enough. The spectrum of the subextremal self-adjoint Dirac operator with anomalous magnetic moment is purely absolutely continuous and consists of the whole real line; in particular, there are no eigenvalues. The same is true for the spectrum of any self-adjoint extension of the Dirac operator without anomalous magnetic moment interaction, in the subextremal black hole context. In the extremal black hole sector the point spectrum, if non-empty, consists of a single eigenvalue, which is identified.
description: 21 pages; compared to v1, a short paragraph has been added in the final section, the bibliography has been updated. This is the preprint version of the published article
Evaluation of Diets with Inclusion of Hydrothermal, Phytase, and Organic Acid Pretreated Canola Meal on Nutrient Digestibility in Swine
Creators: name: Darambazar, Enkhjargal
name: Damiran, Daalkhaijav
name: Beaulieu, Denise
name: Darambazar, Enkhjargal
name: Damiran, Daalkhaijav
name: Beaulieu, Denise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: canola meal
subject: enzyme additive
subject: ileal digestibility
subject: phytate
subject: pig

description: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary inclusion of hydrothermal, phytase, and organic acid pretreated canola meal (CM) on nutrient digestibility in swine. A basal diet barley, wheat, and CM based, was formulated. Four diets containing 30% hydrothermal pretreated CM with 50% moisture and 40°C, phytase (1000 FTU/kg activity), and either citric acid (CA), malic acid (MA), or lactic acid (LA), and a control containing pretreated CM without phytase or organic acid were fed to 12 ileal-cannulated finisher pigs (initial average BW 105.3 ± 2.7 kg) in a completely randomized design over two periods of 9 days per period. Nutrient composition and phytate content of the diets, ileal digesta, and feces were analyzed and apparent ileal and total tract digestibilities were determined. The inclusion of hydrothermal, phytase, and CA or MA pretreated CM in the diet decreased phytate P (by up to 38.6%) (p < 0.05), consequently increasing available P (by up to 55.6%). Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) was improved for P by 19.9 ‒ 35.1% units and apparent total tract digestibility of DM by 10.3 ‒ 14.8% units, of protein by 6.6 ‒ 12.1% units, and of gross energy by 12 ‒ 17% units across the treatments (p < 0.05), while AID of CP for MA treatment was up by 4.7% units (p < 0.05) relative to the control, indicating improved diet utilization, thus reduced excretion to the environment.
Treating children as people : exploring nurses’ practice to preserve children’s personal integrity
Creators: name: McPherson, Gladys I.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Serious illness and hospitalization threaten children's sense of self and alter their ability to act on their own behalf. Personal integrity, conceptualized as the capacity to sustain a sense of self and to live in congruence with one's own intentions and desires, is fundamental to being human. Children, like all people, strive to develop and maintain personal integrity. Because nurses care for children at times when their personal integrity is threatened by illness and its treatment, they are in a position to act to preserve children's sense of self and support their sense of personal agency. Nurses' work in preserving children's personal integrity when children are ill and hospitalized was the focus of this project. This qualitative research project was guided by the methodology of interpretive description. Accounts of practice with seriously ill children were elicited from nine pediatric critical care nurses. Five of these nurses were interviewed twice. For these nurses, work to preserve children's personal integrity entailed practices that address four threats to children's sense of self and their personal agency. These threats are obj edification, loss of control, separation and isolation, and physical pain and intrusion. The participants' enactment of practice to preserve children's personal integrity was greatly influenced by personal, relational and environmental factors. In particular, practices to attend to children as fully human beings often competed with other priorities in the practice arena - specifically the priorities of saving/fixing children's bodies, and facilitating efficient system functioning. The nature of work that attends to the human element of care in particular moments of practice were determined by (a) the nurse's commitment to attend to the child's personhood, (b) the nurse's knowledge of the child, and (c) the nurse's personal agency. Each of these determinants is a complex and dynamic influence. Moral distress occurred when, for a variety of reasons, the participants were unable to practice in congruence with their beliefs about the humanness of seriously ill children and about their responsibilities as nurses. The findings of this study point to a need to draw attention to the issue of children's personal integrity when children are ill and hospitalized. To do this, nurses need to develop a language that is powerful and compelling in the communication of these concerns.
THE ECONOMICS OF AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES PREVENTION IN THE GREAT LAKES
Creators: name: Warolin, Ben
name: Warolin, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Just over a decade ago, the zebra mussel came to the Great Lakes. This rapidly expanding species brought new attention to an issue of great importance to the Great Lakes, Aquatic Nuisance Species (ANS). The term Aquatic Nuisance Species refers to aquatic organisms not indigenous to a particular ecosystem, in this case the Great Lakes, which impose costs on the ecosystem and society. The devastating ecological consequences and the considerable direct economic costs of certain introductions, and the potential for future invaders, give the ANS issue importance and argue for efforts to prevent future threats. This paper provides an introduction to the economics of the ANS issue for the purpose of policy evaluation. The analysis in this paper utilizes a framework for policy evaluation that focuses on two facets of good policy design: the basis, the measure to which the policy is applied, and the instrument, which is the policy tool used. An effective policy will use an appropriate basis and instrument. This paper contains an review of a variety of different policy bases and instrument and explore their strengths and weakness with regard to economic theory and the unique nature of ANS invasions as well as which bases might be appropriate for which instruments.
Elicitation on tense markers and transcription of frog story
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file for an elicitation on tense and aspect markers and transcription of Mina Lekka's frog story.
Classical and quantum (2+1)-dimensional spatially homogeneous string cosmology
Creators: name: Naderi, F.
name: Rezaei-Aghdam, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce three families of classical and quantum solutions to the leading order of string effective action on spatially homogeneous $(2+1)$-dimensional space-times with the sources given by the contributions of dilaton, antisymmetric gauge $B$-field, and central charge deficit term $Λ$. At the quantum level, solutions of Wheeler-DeWitt equations have been enriched by considering the quantum versions of the classical conditional symmetry equations. Concerning the possible applications of the obtained solutions, the semiclassical analysis of Bohm's mechanics has been performed to demonstrate the possibility of avoiding the classical singularities at the quantum level.
description: 3 references added
Modelling and control of Mendelian and maternal inheritance for biological control of dengue vectors
Creators: name: Estigarribia, Pastor Pérez
name: Bliman, Pierre-Alexandre
name: Schaerer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Mosquitoes are vectors of viral diseases with epidemic potential in many regions of the world, and in absence of vaccines or therapies, their control is the main alternative. Chemical control through insecticides has been one of the conventional strategies, but induces insecticide resistance, which may affect other insects and cause ecological damage. Biological control, through the release of mosquitoes infected by the maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia, which inhibits their vector competence, has been proposed as an alternative. The effects of both techniques may be intermingled in practice: prior insecticide spraying may debilitate wild population, so facilitating subsequent invasion by the bacterium; but the latter may also be hindered by the release of susceptible mosquitoes in an environment where the wild population became resistant, as a result of preexisting undesired exposition to insecticide. To tackle such situations, we propose here a unifying model allowing to account for the cross effects of both control techniques, and based on the latter, design release strategies able to infect a wild population. The latter are feedback laws, whose stabilizing properties are studied.
Probing fragile topology with a screw dislocation
Creators: name: Wu, Ying
name: Lin, Zhi-Kang
name: Yang, Yating
name: Song, Zhida
name: Li, Feng
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fragile topology, akin to twisted bilayer graphene and the exotic phases therein, is a notable topological class with intriguing properties. However, due to its unique nature and the lack of bulk-edge correspondence, the experimental signature of fragile topology has been under debated since its birth. Here, we demonstrate experimentally that fragile topological phases with filling anomaly can be probed via screw dislocations, despite that they do not support gapless edge states. Using a designer hexagonal phononic crystal with a fragile topological band gap, we find that 1D gapless bound modes can emerge at a screw dislocation due to the bulk fragile topology. We then establish a connection between our system and the twisted boundary condition via the gauge invariance principle and illustrate that such an emergent phenomenon is an intrinsic property of fragile topological phases with filling anomaly. We observe experimentally the 1D topological bound states using the pump-probe measurements of their dispersion and wavefunctions, which unveils a novel bulk-defect correspondence of fragile topology and a powerful tool for probing fragile topological phases and materials.
description: Submitted to Science Bulletin
A Short Hard X-ray Flare from the Blazar NRAO 530 Observed by INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Foschini, L.
name: Pian, E.
name: Maraschi, L.
name: Raiteri, C. M.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Tosti, G.
name: Malaguti, G.
name: Di Cocco, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report about a short flare from the blazar NRAO 530 occurred on 17 February 2004 and detected serendipitously by the IBIS/ISGRI detector on board INTEGRAL. In the 20-40 keV energy range, the source, that is otherwise below the detection limit, is detected at a level of ~2 x 10^-10 erg cm^-2 s^-1 during a time interval of less than 2000 s, which is about a factor 2 above the detection threshold. At other wavelengths, only nearly-simultaneous radio data are available (1 observation at 2 cm on 11 February 2004), indicating a moderate increase of the polarization. This appears to be the shortest time variability episode ever detected in a high luminosity blazar at hard X-rays, unless the blazar is contaminated by the presence of an unknown unresolved rapidly varying source.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication on A&A Main Journal. Note added in proof
COMPENSATING FOR WETLAND LOSS: A CASE STUDY OF MICHIGAN RIPARIAN ZONES
Creators: name: Steiner, Paul
name: Steiner, Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: State and federal laws regulate the use of wetlands in Michigan. Under the current regulatory system, the destruction of a wetland may require the creation or restoration of a wetland to compensate for the wetland destroyed. Wetland ecosystems vary in ecological quality and type. Determining the appropriate amount of compensatory wetland creation and restoration is difficult. The number of acres restored may not adequately account for the variations and quality of the ecoservices lost in the destroyed wetlands. This paper describes an economic approach for determining the adequacy of compensatory wetland creation and restoration. Coefficient estimates and data from previous studies are used to examine four hypothetical wetland restoration scenarios. The results indicate that the appropriate amount of compensatory creation and restoration (a) increases with the quality of the destroyed wetland and (b) declines with the quality of the created or restored wetland. The results of the economic model are compared with mitigation results obtained using the standard procedures in Michigan. The comparison indicates that standard wetland mitigation procedures may require too little compensation when the restoration accomplished is not of the highest quality. Relative to the economic model of compensatory mitigation, standard procedures seem to result in too little restoration when (a) the destroyed wetland is high quality habitat and (b) the restored wetland is poor quality habitat. Standard procedures also appear to require too much restoration relative to the economic model when (a) the destroyed wetland has poor quality and (b) the restored wetland is high quality.
Structure of double pionic atoms
Creators: name: Tani, Akari
name: Ikeno, Natsumi
name: Jido, Daisuke
name: Nagahiro, Hideko
name: Fujioka, Hiroyuki
name: Itahashi, Kenta
name: Hirenzaki, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the structure of double pionic atoms, in which two negatively charged pions ($π^-$) are bound in the atomic orbits. The double pionic atom is considered to be an interesting system from the point of view of the multi bosonic systems. In addition, it could be possible to deduce valuable information on the isospin $I = 2$ $ππ$ interaction and the pion-nucleus strong interaction. In this paper, we take into account the $ππ$ strong and electromagnetic interactions, and evaluate the effects on the binding energies by perturbation theory for the double pionic atoms in heavy nuclei. We investigate several combinations of two pionic states and find that the order of magnitude of the energy shifts due to the $ππ$ interaction is around 10 keV for the strong interaction and around 100 keV for the electromagnetic interaction for the ground states.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, 5 tables