Nesocerus FREYTAG & KNIGHT 1966
Creators: name: Krishnankutty, Sindhu M.
name: Dietrich, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Nesocerus

description: GENUS NESOCERUS FREYTAG & KNIGHT, 1966   
 Type species Nesocerus spurus, Freytag & Knight, by original designation.   
 Description   
Length of male, 3.25–6.6 mm; female, 4–7 mm.  
Ochraceous with black markings on crown, pronotum, mesonotum, and face. Forewings with basal half fuscous, with markings along middle or costal margin. Leg yellowish or stramineous; usually with black markings along margins.  
 Head wider than pronotum. Length of scutum almost equal to combined length of crown and pronotum. Head, pronotum, and scutum shagreened. Antennae not expanded apically or subapically. Ocelli on face equidistant from imaginary midline and inner margin of compound eye. Frontoclypeus wider than length. Laterofrontal sutures extending to corresponding ocellus, more or less straight. Clypeogenal suture not reaching antennal ledge. Lorum not extending to apex of clypellus; usually separated from facial margin throughout length. Clypellus usually constricted at middle. Pronotum with hind margin straight. Forewings with three apical cells bordering broad appendix; with two subapical cells, first cell open, second cell open or closed; clavus with two veins. Hind femur setal formula 2 + 1 (in Nesocerus serratus sp. nov. 2 + 0). Hind tibia flattened. Hind tarsomere I without dorsoapical setae, with two ventral longitudinal rows of short setae, pecten with lateral setae longer than platellae (Fig. 2A, B).   
Male pygofer with long or short posterodorsal process; posterolateral margin with setae; dorsolateral fold absent. Anal segment loosely attached to pygofer. Subgenital plate dorsoventrally flattened, longer than pygofer; in ventral aspect narrowed  
Head  
1 Microsculpture of head: 0, shagreened; 1, striate  
2 Microsculpture of pronotum: 0, shagreened; 1, striate  
3 Presence of produced pronotum: 0, present; 1, absent  
4 Markings on pronotum: 0, single spot; 1, pair of spots along imaginary transverse line; 2, mottled; 3, longitudinal bands; 4, absent  
5 Lateral spot on vertex: 0, absent; 1, present  
6 Laterofrontal suture: 0, present; 1, absent  
7 Laterofrontal suture: 0, reaching ocelli; 1, not reaching ocelli  
8 Clypeogenal suture extending to antennal ledge: 0, extending; 1, not extending  
9 Setae on genal margin just ventrad of each eye: 0, absent; 1, present  
10 Genae narrow: 0, narrow; 1, broad  
11 Median width of lora: 0, same as midwidth of clypellus; 1, narrower; 2, broader  
12 Lorum apex: 0, widely separated from genal margin; 1, not widely separated  
13 Shape of lora: 0, hemispherical; 1, almost straight (apex not well defined)  
14 Median marking on lora: 0, present; 1, absent  
15 Position of maxillary sensory pit: 0, slightly above diagonal line from clypellus suture to lora; 1, in diagonal from clypellus suture; 2, below diagonal line from clypellus suture to lora; 3, at lowermost part of maxillary plate  
16 Base of clypellus: 0, as broad as apex or preapex; 1, narrower than apex; 2, wider base  
17 Posterior region of clypellus: 0, not depressed; 1, slightly depressed; 2, strongly depressed  
18 Clypellar suture: 0, complete; 1, incomplete  
Leg  
19 Hind setae formula: 0, 2 + 0; 1, 2 + 1  
20 Basal processes of tibial spine: 0, absent; 1, present  
21 Number of dorsoapical setae on first hind tarsomere: 0, two; 1, absent  
22 Presence of two longitudinal rows of ventral setae on first hind tarsomere: 0, present; 1, absent  
23 Pecten of first hind tarsomere with lateral setae longer than median ones: 0, longer; 1, almost same length  
24 Shape of hind tibia: 0, flattened; 1, rectangular in cross section  
Forewing  
25 Number of apical cells bordering appendix: 0, two; 1, three  
26 Subapical cell: 0, present; 1, absent  
27 Presence of third subapical cell: 0, absent; 1, present  
28 Forewing with third apical cell: 0, parallel; 1, diverging  
29 Forewing with second apical cell: 0, diverging; 1, parallel; 2 converging  
30 Presence of appendix: 0, present; 1, absent  
Male genitalia  
31 Anal collar: 0, present wide; 1, present, narrow  
32 Ventra extension of anal collar: 0, present; 1, absent  
33 Setae on pygofer: 0, absent or very short; 1, present  
34 Pygofer process: 0, absent; 1, present  
35 Shape of pygofer process: 0, posterodorsal, falcate, elongate; 1, posterodorsal falcate with ventral process; 2, tooth-like; 3, basiventral arising dorsally; 4, basiventral arising ventrally, apex curved; 5, posteroventral, extending dorsad  
36 Orientation of tooth-like process: 0, posterad; 1, mesad; 2, dorsad  
37 Apex of posterodorsal process: 0, elongate, attenuate; 1, elongate, blunt tip; 2, abruptly tapered and hooked; 3, distinctly bent ventromesad; 4, short and broad; 5, forked; 6, curved ventrad with dorsal process  
38 Macrosetae subgenital plate: 0, absent; 1, present  
39 Position of macrosetae: 0, submarginal; 1, mesal; 2, both submarginal and mesal; 3, median; 4, restricted to base; 5; restricted to apex  
40 Submarginal macrosetae: 0, extending more than half of length of subgenital plate; 1, restricted to apical half  
41 Submarginal row of macrosetae: 0, biseriate or multiseriate; 1, uniseriate  
42 Mesal row extending: 0, extending beyond half; 1, restricted to half  
43 Truncate apex of subgenital plate: 0, present; 1, absent  
44 Apex of subgenital plate: 0, abruptly curved dorsad; 1, not curved  
45 Fine setae: 0, present long; 1, short  
46 Lobe that attaches to style: 0, well developed and produced; 1, poorly developed or absent  
47 Subgenital plate: 0, dorsoventrally compressed; 1, dorsolaterally compressed  
48 Mesal margin of subgenital plate expanded or pointed at the middle: 0, present; 1, absent  
49 Style apodeme: 0, narrow 1, broad and ray-like markings  
50 Style apex: 0, acute; 1, acuminate; 2, hooked; 3, foot-like; 4, broad, abruptly curved dorsad with processes; 5, broad with ventral process; 6, hooked ventrad; 7, expanded apically  
51 Lateral lobe on inner margin of style: 0, absent 1, present  
52 Presence of long setae on style: 0, present; 1, absent; 2, present on dorsal hump  
53 Spines on style apex: 0, present; 1, absent  
54 Presence of short setae on style: 0, present along dorsal or dorsolateral margin; 1, present along ventral surface; 2, absent  
55 Texture of ventral margin of apophysis of style: 0, smooth; 1, serrated  
56 Presence of spine on ventral margin of style posterad of joint with connective: 0, present; 1, absent 57 Connective 0, V-shaped; 1, U-shaped; 2, U-shaped with short median arm; 3, T-shaped with long arm; 4, T-shaped with short arm  
58 Anterior margin of U-shaped connective: 0, deeply concave; 1, narrowly concave  
59 Connection of aedeagus with connective: 0, articulate; 1, fused  
60 Keel on connective: 0, absent; 1, two; 2, one  
61 Presence of anterior projection on connective: 0, absent; 1, present  
62 Presence of apical processes: 0, present; 1, absent; 2, reduced to spine  
63 Number of apical processes: 0, paired symmetrical; 1, paired asymmetrical; 2, two pairs; 3, more than two pairs  
64 Position of gonopore with respect to that of apical processes: 0, above processes or at extreme apex; 1, below processes  
65 Aedeagus pustulate: 0, absent; 1, present towards apex, with prominent macrosetae along margin, fine setae long or short, restricted to dorsum of apex and along lateral margin. Style without lateral lobe, apophysis curved dorsally. Connective semicircular with two dorsal keels, T-, V-, or Y-shaped; articulated or fused to basal part of aedeagus. Aedeagus with socle developed or not; shaft cylindrical or laterally compressed, extending dorsad or anterodorsad, with or without apical or basal processes. Gonopore apical or subapical.  
Female ovipostitor extending beyond pygofer. First valvulae blade-shaped, curved slightly dorsally with strigate dorsal sculptured area.  
 Distribution: Widely distributed in Madagascar.   
 Discussion: The genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: forewing with three apical cells bordering appendix; hind tarsomere I without pair of dorsoapical setae, plantar surface of hind tarsomere I with two ventral longitudinal rows of short setae, platellae shorter than lateral setae; subgenital plate depressed with macrosetae on ventral surface.
description: Published as part of Krishnankutty, Sindhu M. & Dietrich, Christopher H., 2011, Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of an endemic leafhopper genus Nesocerus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from Madagascar, pp. 499-543 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162 (3) on pages 500-503, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00690.x, http://zenodo.org/record/5440663