cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hamiltonian Relaxation
Creators: name: Marronetti, Pedro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the complexity of the required numerical codes, many of the new formulations for the evolution of the gravitational fields in numerical relativity are not tested on binary evolutions. We introduce in this paper a new testing ground for numerical methods based on the simulation of binary neutron stars. This numerical setup is used to develop a new technique, the Hamiltonian relaxation (HR), that is benchmarked against the currently most stable simulations based on the BSSN method. We show that, while the length of the HR run is somewhat shorter than the equivalent BSSN simulation, the HR technique improves the overall quality of the simulation, not only regarding the satisfaction of the Hamiltonian constraint, but also the behavior of the total angular momentum of the binary. The latest quantity agrees well with post-Newtonian estimations for point-mass binaries in circular orbits.
description: More detailed description of the numerical implementation added and some typos corrected. Version accepted for publication in Class. and Quantum Gravity
Manure and Commercial Fertilizer Nutrients Relative to Cropland and Pasture Requirements: Is the Pollution Risk Growing on Corn/Livestock Farms?
Creators: name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Christensen, Lee A.
name: O'Donoghue, Erik J.
name: Sandretto, Carmen L.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Christensen, Lee A.
name: O'Donoghue, Erik J.
name: Sandretto, Carmen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Recent trends in livestock concentration in major corn producing states suggest that increasing risk of water pollution from manure applications may be offsetting declines in risk of water pollution from chemical fertilizer. Analysis of data from ARMS surveys found that potential excess nitrogen and phosphorous per corn acre increases sharply between 1996 and 2001 when manure nutrient credits are included. Cohort analysis of farms found that the level of technical efficiency appears to be positively associated with potential nutrient pollution from both sources. Operations with high ratios of manure applied to manure produced and excess phosphorous tend to be more technically efficient than operations with low ratios of manure applied to manure produced and low levels of excess phosphorous. Factors influencing or associated with performance differ by states. In general, the results suggest that adjusting the performance measures to include excess nutrients as a Abad output@ would tend to narrow the gap between high and low performance compared to measures that ignore pollution.
High-$z$ Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ) I. Number Estimates of QSO-QSO and QSO-Galaxy Lenses
Creators: name: Taak, Yoon Chan
name: Im, Myungshin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is unclear how galaxies and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) co-evolve across cosmic time, especially for the non-local universe ($z \gtrsim 0.5$). The High-$z$ Universe probed via Lensing by QSOs (HULQ) project proposes to utilize quasi-stellar object (QSO) host galaxies acting as gravitational lenses (QSO lenses) to investigate this topic. This paper focuses on the feasibility of this project, i.e., whether sufficiently large numbers of QSO lenses are expected to be found in various concurrent and future imaging surveys. We find that $\sim 440$ QSO lenses will reside in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Wide survey (HSC/Wide), which is expected to be the most prolific concurrent survey, with this number being boosted by one to two orders of magnitude (to $\sim 10000$) with upcoming surveys such as that conducted with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). We discuss several methods of how to study the redshift evolution of the $M_{\rm BH} - σ_*$ relation, which is a stand-out illustration of the co-evolution. In addition, we demonstrate how the intimacy of lensed images to the bright deflector QSO for most systems will affect the \textit{detectability} of QSO lenses. We estimate that only $\sim 82$ and $900$ will be detectable for HSC/Wide and LSST, respectively; the decrease is significant yet still yields an acceptable sample for the main objective. This decrease will be less of a problem for space-based imaging surveys, for their small point spread function FWHMs will allow detections of lensed images lying relatively close to the deflector QSO, and thus unveil the less massive yet more numerous QSO hosts.
description: 47 pages, 21 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1 of Awake prone position reduces work of breathing in patients with COVID-19 ARDS supported by CPAP
Creators: name: Chiumello, Davide
name: Chiodaroli, Elena
name: Coppola, Silvia
name: Cappio Borlino, Simone
name: Granata, Claudia
name: Pitimada, Matteo
name: Wendel Garcia, Pedro David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Tables S1–S6, Annex S1 and Figures S1–S15.
Life after death : the importance of salmon carcasses to watershed function
Creators: name: Watkinson, Stephen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A model of a British Columbia watershed was constructed using the Atnarko River watershed as a case-study. A new routine in the Ecopath with Ecosim suite of software, Ecotrace, was used to track the flow of marine nitrogen, from returning adult salmon, throughout the aquatic, riparian, and forest regions of the watershed. Although there was no local data available regarding the concentration of marine nitrogen in organisms and secondary data had to be used to parameterize the model, results are consistent with values from other study areas that were derived through stable isotope analysis. The objective of this study was not to predict results for a specific model area but rather a test of the methodology to see if it could be applied to a model area where field data is available. In this respect, the study objective was accomplished. Some possible refinements to the methodology and future uses for the Ecotrace routine are suggested, including using the routine to cross validate diet composition data if used in conjunction with stable isotope data. Also, it is quite clear that salmon managers must consider the importance of marine derived nutrients for all streams and manage salmon harvesting accordingly rather than just focus on the commercially important runs of salmon.
Proof of Two Multivariate $q$-Binomial Sums Arising in Gromov-Witten Theory
Creators: name: Krattenthaler, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D15, 05A30, 14J32, 14N35, 53D45, 57M27

description: We prove two multivariate $q$-binomial identities conjectured by Bousseau, Brini and van Garrel [Geom. Topol. 28 (2024), 393-496, arXiv:2011.08830] which give generating series for Gromov-Witten invariants of two specific log Calabi-Yau surfaces. The key identity in all the proofs is Jackson's $q$-analogue of the Pfaff-Saalschütz summation formula from the theory of basic hypergeometric series.
A connectedness theorem for real spectra of polynomial rings
Creators: name: Lucas, François
name: Madden, James
name: Schaub, Daniel
name: Spivakovsky, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14P10

description: Let R be a real closed field. The Pierce-Birkhoff conjecture says that any piecewise polynomial function f on R^n can be obtained from the polynomial ring R[x_1,...,x_n] by iterating the operations of maximum and minimum. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we state a new conjecture, called the Connectedness conjecture, which asserts the existence of connected sets in the real spectrum of R[x_1,...,x_n] satisfying certain conditions. We prove that the Connectedness conjecture implies the Pierce-Birkhoff conjecture. Secondly, we construct a class of connected sets in the real spectrum which, though not in itself enough for the proof of the Pierce-Birkhoff conjecture, is the first and simplest example of the sort of connected sets we really need, and which constitutes a crucial step on the way to a proof of the Pierce-Birkhoff conjecture in dimension greater than 2, to appear in a subsequent paper.
Standing MHD Waves in a Magnetic Slab Embedded in an Asymmetric Magnetic Plasma Environment: Surface Waves
Creators: name: Oxley, William
name: Zsámberger, Noémi Kinga
name: Erdélyi, Róbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building on a previous study that analyses surface waves in magnetic slabs embedded in a non-magnetic external environment, in this study the model is generalised and external magnetic fields are added. The slab is assumed to be thin, with weak magnetic asymmetry. The frequencies of the standing harmonic modes are derived to leading-order in the small quantities representing the thin slab width and the weak asymmetry. It is found that the frequencies are more prone to changes to the width of the slab than changes in the magnetic asymmetry. The frequency ratio of the first harmonic to the fundamental mode is derived, along with the amplitude difference between the two sides of the slab, as these may be observable quantities that can be compared with observational results and applied to carry out solar magneto-seismology.
description: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal. 13 pages, 7 figures
Vacuum acceleration of electrons in a dynamic laser pulse
Creators: name: Ramsey, Dillon
name: Franke, Philip
name: Simpson, Tanner
name: Froula, Dustin
name: Palastro, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A planar laser pulse propagating in vacuum can exhibit an extremely large ponderomotive force. This force, however, cannot impart net energy to an electron: As the pulse overtakes the electron, the initial impulse from its rising edge is completely undone by an equal and opposite impulse from its trailing edge. Here we show that planar-like "flying focus" pulses can break this symmetry, imparting relativistic energies to electrons. The intensity peak of a flying focus-a moving focal point resulting from a chirped laser pulse focused by a chromatic lens-can travel at any subluminal velocity, forwards or backwards. As a result, an electron can gain enough momentum in the rising edge of the intensity peak to outrun and avoid the trailing edge. Accelerating the intensity peak can further boost the momentum gain. Theory and simulations demonstrate that these dynamic intensity peaks can backwards accelerate electrons to the MeV energies required for radiation and electron diffraction probes of high energy density materials.
Reactive Soft Prototype Computing for Concept Drift Streams
Creators: name: Raab, Christoph
name: Heusinger, Moritz
name: Schleif, Frank-Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The amount of real-time communication between agents in an information system has increased rapidly since the beginning of the decade. This is because the use of these systems, e. g. social media, has become commonplace in today's society. This requires analytical algorithms to learn and predict this stream of information in real-time. The nature of these systems is non-static and can be explained, among other things, by the fast pace of trends. This creates an environment in which algorithms must recognize changes and adapt. Recent work shows vital research in the field, but mainly lack stable performance during model adaptation. In this work, a concept drift detection strategy followed by a prototype-based adaptation strategy is proposed. Validated through experimental results on a variety of typical non-static data, our solution provides stable and quick adjustments in times of change.
Scaling Dark Energy in a Five-Dimensional Bouncing Cosmological Model
Creators: name: Xu, Lixin
name: Liu, Hongya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a 5-dimensional Ricci flat bouncing cosmological model in which the 4-dimensional induced matter contains two components at late times - the cold dark matter (CDM)+baryons and dark energy. We find that the arbitrary function $f(z)$ contained in the solution plays a similar role as the potential $V(ϕ)$ in quintessence and phantom dark energy models. To resolve the coincidence problem, it is generally believed that there is a scaling stage in the evolution of the universe. We analyze the condition for this stage and show that a hyperbolic form of the function $f(z)$ can work well in this property. We find that during the scaling stage (before $z\approx 2$), the dark energy behaves like (but not identical to) a cold dark matter with an adiabatic sound speed $c_{s}^{2}\approx 0$ and $p_{x}\approx 0$. After $z\approx 2$, the pressure of dark energy becomes negative. The transition from deceleration to acceleration happens at $z_{T}\approx 0.8$ which, as well as other predictions of the $5D$ model, agree with current observations.
description: 13 pages, 1 table, 3 figures, published version, references added
Resolving the Discrepancy of 135 MeV pd Elastic Scattering Cross Sections and Relativistic Effects
Creators: name: Sekiguchi, K.
name: Sakai, H.
name: Witała, H.
name: Gloeckle, W.
name: Golak, J.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Hatano, M.
name: Itoh, K.
name: Kamada, H.
name: Kuboki, H.
name: Maeda, Y.
name: Nogga, A.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Saito, T.
name: Sakamoto, N.
name: Sakemi, Y.
name: Sasano, M.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Suda, K.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Uesaka, T.
name: Wakasa, T.
name: Yako, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three precise measurements for elastic pd scattering at 135 MeV/A have been performed with the three different experimental setups. The cross sections are described well by the theoretical predictions based on modern nucleon-nucleon forces combined with three nucleon forces. Relativistic Faddeev calculations show that relativistic effects are restricted to backward angles. This result supports the two measurements recently reported by RIKEN and contradicts the KVI data.
description: accepted by Physical Review Letter
Additional file 1 of Pannexin 1 inhibition delays maturation and improves development of Bos taurus oocytes
Creators: name: Dye, Zachary Timothy
name: Rutledge, Lauren Virginia
name: Penuela, Silvia
name: Dyce, Paul William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. Primary and secondary antibodies used for Western blotting and immunofluorescence.
Oscillations and Bifurcation Structure of Reaction-Diffusion Model for Cell Polarity Formation
Creators: name: Kuwamura, Masataka
name: Izuhara, Hirofumi
name: Ei, Shin-ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K57, 92B05

description: We investigate the oscillatory dynamics and bifurcation structure of a reaction-diffusion system with bistable nonlinearity and mass conservation, which was proposed by [Otsuji et al, PLoS Comp. Biol. 3 (2007), e108]. The system is a useful model for understanding cell polarity formation. We show that this model exhibits four different spatiotemporal patterns including two types of oscillatory patterns, which can be regarded as cell polarity oscillations with the reversal and non-reversal of polarity, respectively. The trigger causing these patterns is a diffusion-driven (Turing-like) instability. Moreover, we investigate the effects of extracellular signals on the cell polarity oscillations.
description: 41 pages, 9 figures
The merger-driven evolution of massive early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Cannarozzo, Carlo
name: Nipoti, Carlo
name: Sonnenfeld, Alessandro
name: Leauthaud, Alexie
name: Huang, Song
name: Diemer, Benedikt
name: Oyarzún, Grecco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the structural and kinematic properties of early-type galaxies (ETGs), their scaling relations, as well as their stellar metallicity and age contain precious information on the assembly history of these systems. We present results on the evolution of the stellar mass-velocity dispersion relation of ETGs, focusing in particular on the effects of some selection criteria used to define ETGs. We also try to shed light on the role that in-situ and ex-situ stellar populations have in massive ETGs, providing a possible explanation of the observed metallicity distributions.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Proceedings of IAU Symposium 359 (T. Storchi-Bergmann, R. Overzier, W. Forman & R. Riffel, eds.)
Geometrical enhancement of the proximity effect in quantum wires with extended superconducting tunnel contacts
Creators: name: Fagas, Giorgos
name: Tkachov, Grigory
name: Pfund, Andreas
name: Richter, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Andreev reflection in a ballistic one-dimensional channel coupled in parallel to a superconductor via a tunnel barrier of finite length $L$. The dependence of the low-energy Andreev reflection probability $R_A$ on $L$ reveals the existence of a characteristic length scale $ξ_N$ beyond which $R_A(L)$ is enhanced up to unity despite the low interfacial transparency. The Andreev reflection enhancement is due to the strong mixing of particle and hole states that builds up in contacts exceeding the coherence length $ξ_N$, leading to a small energy gap (minigap) in the density of states of the normal system. The role of the geometry of such hybrid contacts is discussed in the context of the experimental observation of zero-bias Andreev anomalies in the resistance of extended carbon nanotube/superconductor junctions in field effect transistor setups.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; minor revisions including added Ref. 7 and inset to Fig. 3b; version as accepted for publication to Phys. Rev. B
Elemental Abundances in M31: Iron and Alpha Element Abundances in M31's Outer Halo
Creators: name: Gilbert, Karoline M.
name: Wojno, Jennifer
name: Kirby, Evan N.
name: Escala, Ivanna
name: Beaton, Rachael L.
name: Guhathakurta, Puragra
name: Majewski, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present [Fe/H] and [$α$/Fe] abundances, derived using spectral synthesis techniques, for stars in M31's outer stellar halo. The 21 [Fe/H] measurements and 7 [$α$/Fe] measurements are drawn from fields ranging from 43 to 165 kpc in projected distance from M31. We combine our measurements with existing literature measurements, and compare the resulting sample of 23 stars with [Fe/H] and 9 stars with [$α$/Fe] measurements in M31's outer halo with [$α$/Fe] and [Fe/H] measurements, also derived from spectral synthesis, in M31's inner stellar halo ($r < $26 kpc) and dSph galaxies. The stars in M31's outer halo have [$α$/Fe] patterns that are consistent with the largest of M31's dSph satellites (And I and And VII). These abundances provide tentative evidence that the [$α$/Fe] abundances of stars in M31's outer halo are more similar to the abundances of Milky Way halo stars than to the abundances of stars in M31's inner halo. We also compare the spectral synthesis-based [Fe/H] measurements of stars in M31's halo with previous photometric [Fe/H] estimates, as a function of projected distance from M31. The spectral synthesis-based [Fe/H] measurements are consistent with a large-scale metallicity gradient previously observed in M31's stellar halo to projected distances as large as 100 kpc.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Renormalization and non-renormalization of scalar EFTs at higher orders
Creators: name: Cao, Weiguang
name: Herzog, Franz
name: Melia, Tom
name: Nepveu, Jasper Roosmale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We renormalize massless scalar effective field theories (EFTs) to higher loop orders and higher orders in the EFT expansion. To facilitate EFT calculations with the R* renormalization method, we construct suitable operator bases using Hilbert series and related ideas in commutative algebra and conformal representation theory, including their novel application to off-shell correlation functions. We obtain new results ranging from full one loop at mass dimension twelve to five loops at mass dimension six. We explore the structure of the anomalous dimension matrix with an emphasis on its zeros, and investigate the effects of conformal and orthonormal operators. For the real scalar, the zeros can be explained by a `non-renormalization' rule recently derived by Bern et al. For the complex scalar we find two new selection rules for mixing $n$- and $(n-2)$-field operators, with $n$ the maximal number of fields at a fixed mass dimension. The first appears only when the $(n-2)$-field operator is conformal primary, and is valid at one loop. The second appears in more generic bases, and is valid at three loops. Finally, we comment on how the Hilbert series we construct may be used to provide a systematic enumeration of a class of evanescent operators that appear at a particular mass dimension in the scalar EFT.
description: 35 pages, 3 figures, 6 appendices, v2 corrects minus signs in Sec. 5.2
MODELING SUPPLY RESPONSE IN A MULTIPRODUCT FRAMEWORK REVISITED: THE NEXUS OF EMPIRICS AND ECONOMICS
Creators: name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: Ball, V. Eldon
name: Moss, Charles B.
name: Erickson, Kenneth W.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This paper models supply response in U.S. agriculture using disaggregated output data and tests statistically key assumptions traditionally maintained in agricultural supply studies. Following Vasavada and Chambers; Shumway; and Ball, we use U.S.-level data, 1948-1999 to estimate a multiproduct supply response model for U.S. agriculture, and report our preliminary results.
Turning a yield-stress calcite suspension into a shear-thickening one by tuning inter-particle friction
Creators: name: Richards, James A.
name: O'Neill, Rory E.
name: Poon, Wilson C. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a suspension of non-Brownian calcite particles in glycerol-water mixtures can be tuned continuously from being a yield-stress suspension to a shear-thickening suspension--without a measurable yield stress--by the addition of various surfactants. We interpret our results within a recent theoretical framework that models the rheological effects of stress-dependent constraints on inter-particle motion. Bare calcite particle suspensions are found to have finite yield stresses. In these suspensions, frictional contacts that constrain inter-particle sliding form at an infinitesimal applied stress and remain thereafter, while adhesive bonds that constrain inter-particle rotation are broken as the applied stress increases. Adding surfactants reduces the yield stress of such suspensions. We show that, contrary to the case of surfactant added to colloidal suspensions, this effect in non-Brownian suspensions is attributable to the emergence of a finite onset stress for the formation of frictional contacts. Our data suggest that the magnitude of this onset stress is set by the strength of surfactant adsorption to the particle surfaces, which therefore constitutes a new design principle for using surfactants to tune the rheology of formulations consisting of suspensions of adhesive non-Brownian particulates.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Cycloops: Dark Matter or a Monopole Problem for Brane Inflation?
Creators: name: Avgoustidis, A.
name: Shellard, E. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider cosmic loop production by long string interactions in cosmological models with compact extra dimensions. In the case that the compact manifold is not simply connected, we focus on the possibility of loops wrapping around non-trivial cycles and becoming topologically trapped. Such loops, denoted cycloops, behave like matter in the radiation era, posing a potential monopole problem. We calculate the number distribution and the energy density of these objects as functions of cosmic time and use them to study cosmological constraints imposed on simple brane inflation models. For typical choices of parameters we find that to avoid cycloop domination before the matter-radiation transition, the strings must be unacceptably light, namely $Gμ<10^{-18}$, unless some mechanism to dilute the cycloops is provided. By exploring the full parameter space however, we are able to find models with $Gμ\sim 10^{-14}$, which is marginally consistent with brane inflation. In such models the cycloop could provide an interesting dark matter candidate.
description: 19 pages, 2 figures; minor updates, references added, submitted to JHEP
Additional file 1 of Cholinergic innervation and ganglion cell distribution in Hirschsprung’s disease
Creators: name: Braczynski, Anne K.
name: Gfroerer, Stefan
name: Beschorner, Rudi
name: Harter, Patrick N.
name: Baumgarten, Peter
name: Rolle, Udo
name: Mittelbronn, Michel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. GC count and length of corresponding MP segment according to AChE score (Swiss Role specimen). Table S2. AChE score, GC count and length of the corresponding MP segment in the transition zone
VALUATION OF INTERNATIONAL PATENT RIGHTS FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Creators: name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Sheldon, Ian M.
name: Nadolnyak, Denis A.
name: Sheldon, Ian M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: patent values
subject: agricultural biotechnology
subject: real options
subject: numerical simulation.

description: Uncertainty of returns from marketing is an extremely important factor affecting the diffusion of a wide range of genetically modified (GM) crops worldwide. Biotech companies face complicated choices in making decisions about whether to enter agricultural markets in different countries with their agricultural products. In this paper, we model these choices as a real option problem of entry decision solved at a micro-level by individual firms. The model is aggregated in order to reflect the heterogeneity of different genetic events, as well as different markets, in terms of their profitability. The solution to the model produces distributions of entry probabilities as functions of the functional forms (and parameter values) that govern the evolution of stochastic returns from marketing. These proportions are then compared to the actual data on incidences of biotech firms entering foreign markets with different GM crops, and conclusions about the distribution of their patent values, evolution of returns, and efficiency of local IPR protection are drawn.
Detection of mountain pine beetle infestations using Landsat TM Tasseled Cap transformations
Creators: name: Sharma, Rajeev
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study investigated the identification of probable mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk.) attacked sites using Tasseled Cap transformations namely, brightness, greenness and wetness, derived from Landsat-7 digital data in parts of Vanderhoof Forest District, in Prince George Forest Region, British Columbia. Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.) constitutes about 80 percent of the total forest vegetation in the study area. About 85 percent of lodgepole pine stands are greater than 60 years of age, and hence susceptible to mountain pine beetle attack. Landsat-7 ETM digital data (Bands'!, 2,3,4,5&7), acquired on August 2, 1999 and September 12, 1999, were the primary remote sensing data source for the study. In addition, TRIM map sheets (1:20,000) derived road and river vectors, and 1:20,000 forest cover maps and a beetle infestation coverage maps of the area (prepared based on aerial sketch mapping and ground probes) were collateral data sources. Methodology consisted of: i) pre-processing of satellite data (atmospheric and geometric corrections), ii) computation of Tasseled Cap coefficients for the Landsat-7 data, since these were not available, iii) identification of mountain pine beetle attacked stands, and iv) accuracy assessment of attacked stands. Some of the major observations based on results obtained were: i) Tasseled Cap indices for infestations of more than 30 attacked trees / site (< 0.09 ha in size) were found to vary in a relatively narrow range; however for infestation sites with less than 30 tree / site the Tasseled Cap indices had random and large dispersions; ii) values of Tasseled Cap indices for September were found to be lower than those for August for all the cover types; iii) differences between mean brightness, greenness, and wetness of healthy and attacked stands were statistically significant for August; iv) the identification accuracy for attacked lodgepole pine stands were 38.82 and 26.17 percent for August and September, respectively; v) a linear relationship was observed between the number of attacked trees at a site and identification accuracy for the August data but not for September data; vi) the poor identification accuracy was mainly due to the sub-pixel size of infestations.
The recurrence time for ergodic systems of infinite measures
Creators: name: Galatolo, Stefano
name: Kim, Dong Han
name: Park, Kyewon Koh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate quantitative recurrence in systems having an infinite measure. We extend the Ornstein-Weiss theorem for a general class of infinite systems estimating return time in decreasing sequences of cylinders. Then we restrict to a class of one dimensional maps with indifferent fixed points and calculate quantitative recurrence in sequences of balls, obtaining that this is related to the behavior of the map near the fixed points.
ASSESSING THE JOINT INFLUENCE OF ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIOECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF INCREASES IN THE BUILT-ENVIRONMENT: A STUDY OF TRENDS IN CENTRAL NORTH CAROLINA
Creators: name: Vance, Colin
name: Iovanna, Rich
name: Vance, Colin
name: Iovanna, Rich
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This paper advances an empirical model assessing how, over both time and space, changes in land-use respond to changing economic and ecological conditions. Focusing on Central North Carolina, a region that has undergone extensive changes in forest cover and agricultural lands over the past two decades, landscape dynamics are modeled by exploiting a spatial database that links several satellite images spanning the years 1975-1999 to a suite of socioeconomic, institutional and GIS-created explanatory variables.
Mitigating noise in digital and digital-analog quantum computation
Creators: name: García-Molina, Paula
name: Martin, Ana
name: de Andoin, Mikel Garcia
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices lack error correction, limiting scalability for quantum algorithms. In this context, digital-analog quantum computing (DAQC) offers a more resilient alternative quantum computing paradigm that outperforms digital quantum computation by combining the flexibility of single-qubit gates with the robustness of analog simulations. This work explores the impact of noise on both digital and DAQC paradigms and demonstrates DAQC's effectiveness in error mitigation. We compare the quantum Fourier transform and quantum phase estimation algorithms under a wide range of single and two-qubit noise sources in superconducting processors. DAQC consistently surpasses digital approaches in fidelity, particularly as processor size increases. Moreover, zero-noise extrapolation further enhances DAQC by mitigating decoherence and intrinsic errors, achieving fidelities above 0.95 for 8 qubits, and reducing computation errors to the order of $10^{-3}$. These results establish DAQC as a viable alternative for quantum computing in the NISQ era.
Multipartite entanglement generation and fidelity decay in disordered qubit systems
Creators: name: Montangero, Simone
name: Viola, Lorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate multipartite entanglement dynamics in disordered spin-1/2 lattice models exhibiting a transition from integrability to quantum chaos. Borrowing from the recently introduced generalized entanglement framework, we construct measures for correlations relative to arbitrary local and bi-local spin observables, and show how they naturally signal the crossover between distinct dynamical regimes. In particular, we find that the generation of global entanglement is directly ruled by the local density of states in the short time limit, whereas the asymptotic amount of entanglement is proportional to the degree of delocalization of the chaotic many-body state. Our results are relevant to the stability of quantum information in disordered quantum computing hardware.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Gravitational Microlensing Event Statistics for the Zwicky Transient Facility
Creators: name: Medford, Michael S.
name: Lu, Jessica R.
name: Dawson, William A.
name: Lam, Casey Y.
name: Golovich, Nathan R.
name: Schlafly, Edward F.
name: Nugent, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microlensing surveys have discovered thousands of events with almost all events discovered within the Galactic bulge or toward the Magellanic clouds. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), while not designed to be a microlensing campaign, is an optical time-domain survey that observes the entire northern sky every few nights including the Galactic plane. ZTF observes $\sim10^9$ stars in g-band and r-band and can significantly contribute to the observed microlensing population. We predict that ZTF will observe $\sim$1100 microlensing events in three years of observing within $10^\circ$ degrees latitude of the Galactic plane, with $\sim$500 events in the outer Galaxy ($\ell \geq 10^\circ$). This yield increases to $\sim$1400 ($\sim$800) events by combining every three ZTF exposures, $\sim$1800 ($\sim$900) events if ZTF observes for a total of five years, and $\sim$2400 ($\sim$1300) events for a five year survey with post-processing image stacking. Using the microlensing modeling software PopSyCLE, we compare the microlensing populations in the Galactic bulge and the outer Galaxy. We also present an analysis of the microlensing event ZTF18abhxjmj to demonstrate how to leverage these population statistics in event modeling. ZTF will constrain Galactic structure, stellar populations, and primordial black holes through photometric microlensing.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, accepted to ApJ (6/4/2020), microlensing simulation catalogs available at https://portal.nersc.gov/project/uLens/Galactic_Microlensing_Distributions
Multifunctional Spin Logic Gates In Graphene Spin Circuits
Creators: name: Khokhriakov, Dmitrii
name: Sayed, Shehrin
name: Hoque, Anamul Md.
name: Karpiak, Bogdan
name: Zhao, Bing
name: Datta, Supriyo
name: Dash, Saroj P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All-spin-based computing combining logic and nonvolatile magnetic memory is promising for emerging information technologies. However, the realization of a universal spin logic operation representing a reconfigurable building block with all-electrical spin current communication has so far remained challenging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reprogrammable all-electrical multifunctional spin logic gate in a nanoelectronic device architecture utilizing graphene buses for spin communication and multiplexing and nanomagnets for writing and reading information at room temperature. This gate realizes a multistate majority spin logic operation (sMAJ), which is reconfigured to achieve XNOR, (N)AND, and (N)OR Boolean operations depending on the magnetization of inputs. Physics-based spin circuit model is developed to understand the underlying mechanisms of the multifunctional spin logic gate and its operations. These demonstrations provide a platform for scalable all-electric spin logic and neuromorphic computing in the all-spin domain logic-in-memory architecture.
Li-rich K giants, dust excess, and binarity
Creators: name: Jorissen, A.
name: Van Winckel, H.
name: Siess, L.
name: Escorza, A.
name: Pourbaix, D.
name: Van Eck, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the Li-rich K giants is still highly debated. Here, we investigate the incidence of binarity among this family from a nine-year radial-velocity monitoring of a sample of 11 Li-rich K giants using the HERMES spectrograph attached to the 1.2m Mercator telescope. A sample of 13 non-Li-rich giants (8 of them being surrounded by dust according to IRAS, WISE, and ISO data) was monitored alongside. When compared to the binary frequency in a reference sample of 190 K giants (containing 17.4% of definite spectroscopic binaries -- SB -- and 6.3% of possible spectroscopic binaries -- SB?), the binary frequency appears normal among the Li-rich giants (2/11 definite binaries plus 2 possible binaries, or 18.2% SB + 18.2% SB?), after taking account of the small sample size through the hypergeometric probability distribution. Therefore, there appears to be no causal relationship between Li enrichment and binarity. Moreover, there is no correlation between Li enrichment and the presence of circumstellar dust, and the only correlation that could be found between Li enrichment and rapid rotation is that the most Li-enriched K giants appear to be fast-rotating stars. However, among the dusty K giants, the binary frequency is much higher (4/8 definite binaries plus 1 possible binary). The remaining 3 dusty K giants suffer from a radial-velocity jitter, as is expected for the most luminous K giants, which these are.
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN YIELD RISK AND AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Creators: name: Fleming, Ronald A.
name: Clark, Nathan
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Fleming, Ronald A.
name: Clark, Nathan
name: Skees, Jerry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Crop insurance provides risk reduction benefits yet may increase planted acres in risky areas. This paper investigates the relationship between environmental quality and crop insurance induced changes in cropping pattern. Results suggest that yield risk and soil erosion are positively correlated for the majority of acreage in the study area.
Understanding B-type supergiants in the low metallicity environment of the SMC II
Creators: name: Trundle, C.
name: Lennon, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite a resurgence of effort over the last decade in the area of massive stars there is still ambiguity over their evolutionary path, contamination of their surface abundances and the behaviour of their stellar winds. Here 10 SMC B-type supergiants are analysed applying a unified model atmosphere code FASTWIND to intermediate resolution spectra from the ESO Multi Mode Instrument (EMMI) on the NTT telescope. Combined with the 8 targets analysed in paper 1, this work provides observational results on the properties of the winds and chemical compositions of B-type supergiants in the SMC. This paper emphasizes and substantiates the implications for stellar evolution from paper 1; that current theoretical models need to produce larger degrees of surface nitrogen enhancements at lower rotational velocities. In addition a significant discrepancy between theoretical and observed mass-loss rates is discussed which will have important implications for the rotational velocities obtained from stellar evolution calculations. Furthermore, an initial calibration of the wind-momentum luminosity relationship for B-type supergiants in a low metallicity environment (Z = 0.004) is presented.
description: Accepted by A&A 5th Jan 2005, 14 pages, 9 postscript figures
Machine learning of XY model on a spherical Fibonacci lattice
Creators: name: Song, Chen-Hui
name: Gao, Qu-Cheng
name: Hou, Xu-Yang
name: Wang, Xin
name: Zhou, Zheng
name: He, Yan
name: Guo, Hao
name: Chien, Chih-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the XY model on a spherical surface inspired by recently realized spherically confined atomic gases. Instead of a traditional latitude-longitude lattice, we introduce a much more homogeneous spherical lattice, the Fibonacci lattice, and use classical Monte Carlo simulations to determine spin configurations. The results clearly show that topological defects, in the form of vortices, must exist in the stable configuration on a sphere but vanish in a plane due to a mathematical theorem. Using these spin configurations as training samples, we propose a graph-convolutional-network based method to recognize different phases, and successfully predict the phase transition temperature. We also apply the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, a powerful machine learning algorithm, to monitor the merging path of two vortices with different topological charges on the sphere during Monte Carlo simulations. Our results provide reliable predictions for future space-based experiments on ultracold atomic gases confined on spherical lattice in the microgravity environment.
COMMUNITY TRADE ANALYSIS HANDBOOK
Creators: name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Tweeten, Kathleen M.
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Tweeten, Kathleen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: retail trade
subject: rural development
subject: threshold population

description: This handbook provides information to help individuals, businesses, and community leaders make decisions on a variety of business and retail trade issues. The handbook is not intended to provide specific answers to the many problems facing rural businesses and communities. Rather, it provides tools and information on retail trade patterns and economic trends that can assist people in making informed decisions regarding their future business activities. The handbook can also enable community leaders to assess their current situation and plan for the future. Specific information contained in the handbook includes trade area maps, city and trade area population, retail sales trends, pull factors, trends in employment and per capita income, and threshold population levels for various business types.
Exciton dissociation in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: Excited states and substrate effects
Creators: name: Zhu, Tao
name: Zheng, Chenhang
name: Xu, Lei
name: Yang, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exciton dissociation plays a crucial role in the performance of optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). In this work, we investigate the effect of an in-plane electric field on the exciton resonance states in MX$_2$ (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) monolayers and few-layers using the complex coordinate rotation method and the Lagrange-Laguerre polynomial expansion of the wave function. The exciton properties are well described within the Mott-Wannier model incorporating the nonlocal Keldysh potential. Our calculations reveal that an electric field effectively dissociates excitons, with excited states being more easily dissociated than the ground state. The critical field for exciton dissociation is found to be smaller in WX$_2$ monolayers compared to MoX$_2$ monolayers due to the smaller exciton reduced mass. Furthermore, the presence of a dielectric substrate and an increase in the number of MX$_2$ layers enhance the exciton susceptibility to the electric field, lowering the critical field for dissociation. The dependence of exciton properties on the number of MX$_2$ layers can be well described by power functions. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of high-performance optoelectronic devices based on 2D TMDs.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables