Heteromyia Say
Creators: name: Borkent, Art
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Heteromyia

description: Heteromyia Say
(Figs. 16D–E, 20O, 26C, 30H, 37E, 45C–D, 50E, 63C, 75D–F)
DIAGNOSIS: Only pupa of Ceratopogonidae with only one campaniform sensillum (DA-2-H) on the dorsal apotome (Fig. 20O), the metathorax with only two campaniform sensilla (M-2-T, M-3-T) on the anterior margin of the metathorax and with a long slender terminal process, lacking an elongate seta (Figs. 75D–F).
DESCRIPTION: Total length = 5.31–7.13 mm. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (Fig. 16E, as in Fig. 33B). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, with narrow connection between face and base of antenna (Figs. 16D–E, 79G); along prothoracic extension. Head: Dorsal apotome (Fig. 20O), with ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in Fig. 13H) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (Fig. 26C) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (Fig. 37E) anterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum); sensilla: dorsal apotomals (Fig. 20O)—1 short to moderate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (Fig. 26C)—2 slender setae; oculars (Fig. 26C)—2 elongate setae, 0–1 campaniform sensillum. Thorax: Prothoracic extension (Fig. 26C) wide, well-developed, narrow dorsolaterally, not extending to antenna; mesonotum without or with 1 spinous tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (Fig. 50E); respiratory organ (Figs. 45C–D) length/width = 3.12–5.90, elongate, slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with or without some wrinkles, with short to moderately elongate pedicel, base with moderate elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, remainder with wrinkles to near apex; wing (Fig. 37E) without apical tubercle or angle, separated medially by fore-, midlegs; halter apex and hind leg (as in Fig. 33A) broadly abutting; halter apex abutting anterolateral knob-like extension of tergite 2; legs (Fig. 37E) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in Fig. 33B); with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally in male, ventral to apex of midleg in female; sensilla: anteromedials—1 short, 1 long seta; anterolaterals—1 moderately long seta; dorsal setae (Fig. 30H)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-5-T peg-like or elongate setae, D-4-T seta, D-3-T campaniform sensillum or D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T all elongate, D-3-T campaniform sensillum, D-3-T lateral to slightly posterolateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (Fig. 50E)—1-2 campaniform sensilla; M-3-T near anterior margin of metathorax. Abdomen: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots (fused in some), tergites 2-7 with medial area with stripe, 2 spots, anterolateral spots, sternites 3-7 with medial, anterolateral spot, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, peglike or thin to thick setae, with pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (Figs. 75D–F) not strongly modified, terminal processes separated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, elongate, slender, tapering to pointed, hooked apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (Fig. 50E) with 8 setae, 2 campaniform sensilla, including 3 lateral sensilla, D-2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I situated anteriorly near D-3-I; segment 4 (Fig. 63C)—D-2-IV peg-like seta, D-3-IV seta, on short tubercles; D-5- IV peg-like seta, D-8-IV short setae, D-9-IV moderately elongate seta; D-5-IV on short tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated short tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV short tooth on pointed tubercle, just anterior of L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-4-IV short setae, L-3-IV moderately elongate seta, on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6- IV, V-7-IV on pointed tubercles; V-5-IV, V-6-IV closely approximated; segment 8 without D-3-VIII, without L-1- VIII; segment 9 (Figs. 75 D-F)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: The genus Heteromyia is known from 13 species in the New World (Borkent 2014). Immatures have been found in semi-aquatic or aquatic vegetation, with rearings from Sphagnum and Cabomba. Knausenberger (1987) provides further details of habitats, including swamps and stream and river margins. Adults have been collected from bogs, fens and, in Panama, a hotspring with abundant wet soil and vegetation on its margin.
TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: Three species of Heteromyia are known as pupae (Tables 2–3). The elongate, slender terminal process (Figs. 75D–F) is distinctive in the group Heteromyiini + Sphaeromiini s. lat. + Palpomyiini + Stenoxenini except for Dibezzia (Fig. 75I) which has an associated elongate seta (D-5-IX) and some species of Bezzia (Fig. 77E) which have two or more campaniform sensilla on the dorsal apotome (Figs. 22C–D).
Wirth & Grogan (1977) illustrated the dorsal apotome of H. wokei with two setae but reexamination shows the presence of one seta and one campaniform sensillum.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: H. clavata: 1 pupal exuviae, Juan Mina Station, Canal Zone, Panama, 3-VI-1939 (USNM). H. pratti: 1 pupal exuviae, Patuxent Rescue Center, Prince George’s County, Maryland, 13-VI-1977 (USNM). H. wokei: 4 pupal exuviae, Bluefields, Nicaragua, 25-VIII-1943 (USNM).
description: Published as part of Borkent, Art, 2014, The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera, pp. 1-327 in Zootaxa 3879 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4949051