cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unified Framework for $B$-Anomalies, Muon $g-2$, and Neutrino Masses
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Jana, Sudip
name: Thapa, Anil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model of radiative neutrino masses which also resolves anomalies reported in $B$-meson decays, $R_{D^{(\star)}}$ and $R_{K^{(\star)}}$, as well as in muon $g-2$ measurement, $Δa_μ$. Neutrino masses arise in the model through loop diagrams involving TeV-scale leptoquark (LQ) scalars $R_2$ and $S_3$. Fits to neutrino oscillation parameters are obtained satisfying all flavor constraints which also explain the anomalies in $R_{D^{(\star)}}$, $R_{K^{(\star)}}$ and $Δa_μ$ within $1\, σ$. An isospin-3/2 Higgs quadruplet plays a crucial role in generating neutrino masses; we point out that the doubly-charged scalar contained therein can be produced in the decays of the $S_3$ LQ, which enhances its reach to 1.1 (6.2) TeV at $\sqrt s=14$ TeV high-luminosity LHC ($\sqrt s=100$ TeV FCC-hh). We also present flavor-dependent upper limits on the Yukawa couplings of the LQs to the first two family fermions, arising from non-resonant dilepton ($pp \rightarrow \ell^+ \ell^-$) processes mediated by $t$-channel LQ exchange, which for 1 TeV LQ mass, are found to be in the range $(0.15 - 0.36)$. These limits preclude any explanation of $R_{D^{(\star)}}$ through LQ-mediated $B$-meson decays involving $ν_e$ or $ν_μ$ in the final state. We also find that the same Yukawa couplings responsible for the chirally-enhanced contribution to $Δa_μ$ give rise to new contributions to the SM Higgs decays to muon and tau pairs, with the modifications to the corresponding branching ratios being at (2-6)% level, which could be tested at future hadron colliders, such as HL-LHC and FCC-hh.
description: 43 pages + references, expanded $h \to \mu \mu$ discussion, added references, matches published version
Modification of the pattern informatics method for forecasting large earthquake events using complex eigenvectors
Creators: name: Holliday, James R.
name: Rundle, John B.
name: Tiampo, Kristy F.
name: Klein, Bill
name: Donnellan, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies have shown that real-valued principal component analysis can be applied to earthquake fault systems for forecasting and prediction. In addition, theoretical analysis indicates that earthquake stresses may obey a wave-like equation, having solutions with inverse frequencies for a given fault similar to those that characterize the time intervals between the largest events on the fault. It is therefore desirable to apply complex principal component analysis to develop earthquake forecast algorithms. In this paper we modify the Pattern Informatics method of earthquake forecasting to take advantage of the wave-like properties of seismic stresses and utilize the Hilbert transform to create complex eigenvectors out of measured time series. We show that Pattern Informatics analyses using complex eigenvectors create short-term forecast hot-spot maps that differ from hot-spot maps created using only real-valued data and suggest methods of analyzing the differences and calculating the information gain.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Tectonophysics on 30 August 2004
POPULATION EFFECTS OF COPPER-NICKEL DEVELOPMENT IN NORTHEAST MINNESOTA
Creators: name: Meagher, Patrick D.
name: Maki, Wilbur R.
name: Meagher, Patrick D.
name: Maki, Wilbur R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Computer simulations of population changes associated with alternative copper-nickel mining development scenarios are presented in this report. Projected population changes for seven alternative development scenarios are examined in detail for a primary mining impact Study Area in St. Louis County, Minnesota.
Coded Computing for Low-Latency Federated Learning over Wireless Edge Networks
Creators: name: Prakash, Saurav
name: Dhakal, Sagar
name: Akdeniz, Mustafa
name: Yona, Yair
name: Talwar, Shilpa
name: Avestimehr, Salman
name: Himayat, Nageen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning enables training a global model from data located at the client nodes, without data sharing and moving client data to a centralized server. Performance of federated learning in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) network suffers from slow convergence due to heterogeneity and stochastic fluctuations in compute power and communication link qualities across clients. We propose a novel coded computing framework, CodedFedL, that injects structured coding redundancy into federated learning for mitigating stragglers and speeding up the training procedure. CodedFedL enables coded computing for non-linear federated learning by efficiently exploiting distributed kernel embedding via random Fourier features that transforms the training task into computationally favourable distributed linear regression. Furthermore, clients generate local parity datasets by coding over their local datasets, while the server combines them to obtain the global parity dataset. Gradient from the global parity dataset compensates for straggling gradients during training, and thereby speeds up convergence. For minimizing the epoch deadline time at the MEC server, we provide a tractable approach for finding the amount of coding redundancy and the number of local data points that a client processes during training, by exploiting the statistical properties of compute as well as communication delays. We also characterize the leakage in data privacy when clients share their local parity datasets with the server. We analyze the convergence rate and iteration complexity of CodedFedL under simplifying assumptions, by treating CodedFedL as a stochastic gradient descent algorithm. Furthermore, we conduct numerical experiments using practical network parameters and benchmark datasets, where CodedFedL speeds up the overall training time by up to $15\times$ in comparison to the benchmark schemes.
description: Final version to appear in the first issue of the IEEE JSAC Series on Machine Learning for Communications and Networks
Concentration versus absorption for the Vlasov-Navier-Stokes system on bounded domains
Creators: name: Ertzbischoff, Lucas
name: Han-Kwan, Daniel
name: Moussa, Ayman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the large time behavior of small data solutions to the Vlasov-Navier-Stokes system set on $Ω\times \mathbb{R}^3$, for a smooth bounded domain $Ω$ of $\mathbb{R}^3$, with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition for the fluid and absorption boundary condition for the kinetic phase. We prove that the fluid velocity homogenizes to $0$ while the distribution function concentrates towards a Dirac mass in velocity centered at $0$, with an exponential rate. The proof, which follows the methods introduced in [Han-Kwan - Moussa - Moyano, arXiv:1902.03864v2], requires a careful analysis of the boundary effects. We also exhibit examples of classes of initial data leading to a variety of asymptotic behaviors for the kinetic density, from total absorption to no absorption at all.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESS OF FUEL ETHANOL PRODUCERS
Creators: name: Tiffany, Douglas G.
name: Eidman, Vernon R.
name: Tiffany, Douglas G.
name: Eidman, Vernon R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Economic factors associated with success or failure of dry-mill ethanol plants utilizing corn as a feedstock are analyzed and discussed. A spreadsheet model is used to conduct the analysis based on the assumptions and interactions of various factors. Plant managers and bankers were interviewed in the process of establishing baseline conditions of operation including capital cost per gallon of capacity, ethanol yield per bushel of corn ground, percentage of debt capital, operating expenses of natural gas, electricity, enzymes, chemicals, repairs, labor, and management. Sensitivities were determined and graphed to demonstrate the respective influence of corn price, ethanol price, natural gas price, ethanol yield, capacity factor, and interest rate-debt percent interactions. The model was used to predict the financial performance of a modern, well-sized dry-mill plants if the prices that occurred over the past decade with respect to corn prices, ethanol prices, prices of DDGS and CO2, natural gas prices, and interest rates were to re-play. Rates of returns on equity of dry-mill ethanol plants were compared to rates compiled in the last decade for a group of 200 farmers in southwestern Minnesota. Patterns of loan repayment, influence of technological changes, and the role of government subsidies are discussed.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/24/04.
QCD and the Strange Baryon Spectrum
Creators: name: Hyodo, Tetsuo
name: Niiyama, Masayuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strange quark plays a unique role in QCD, reflecting its intermediate mass between the light and heavy quarks. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the spectroscopy of baryons with strangeness. Many new features of the strange baryon spectrum have been revealed by accurate experimental data with novel techniques, as well as systematic developments of theoretical framework to describe hadron resonances. The basic properties of strange baryons, namely, the pole positions, spin and parity, and decay branching ratios, are being determined accurately. As a consequence, the Particle Data Group have added new entries in the particle listings, such as the $Λ(1380)$ and the $Ω(2012)$. The developments of the spectroscopy stimulate intensive discussion on the exotic internal structure of strange baryons beyond the ordinary three-quark configuration. In this review, we introduce the basics of QCD, the scattering theory, and the exotic internal structure of hadrons, emphasizing the importance of the pole positions of the scattering amplitude for the characterization of hadron resonances. We then summarize the current status of selected strange baryon resonances; $Λ(1405)$, $Λ(1670)$, $Ξ(1620)$, $Ξ(1690)$, and $Ω(2012)$, from theoretical and experimental viewpoints.
description: 64 pages, 21 figures, to appear in Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys
The development and assessment of the effectiveness of a multimedia introduction to plant secondary metabolism
Creators: name: Looney, Michael Bradley
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Few biologists have an appreciation of plant secondary metabolism. Computer-based interactive multimedia is, potentially, an ideal medium with which to introduce a novice to the subject. The development of a web-based program designed to teach some aspects of plant secondary metabolism is described. The program was field-tested on thirty second-year organic chemistry students. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are reported. The analyses attempted to determine 1) if the program is an effective tool with which to introduce secondary metabolism and 2) to assess the perceived effectiveness of the overall design and user-interface. The program is included on an accompanying CD-ROM. Requirements for the CD are any computer capable of running Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer versions 4.0 or greater. A current version of the program can be found on the World Wide Web at: http://www.interchange.ubc.ca/looney/pchem.
Interferometric Mapping of Magnetic Fields: The massive star forming region G34.4+0.23 MM
Creators: name: Cortes, P. C.
name: Crutcher, R. M.
name: Shepherd, D.
name: Bronfman, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report millimeter interferometric observations of polarized continuum and line emission from the massive star forming region G34.4. Polarized thermal dust emission at 3 mm wavelength and CO $J=1 \to 0$ line emission were observed using the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) array. Our results show a remarkably uniform polarization pattern in both dust and in CO J=$1 \to 0$ emission. In addition, the line emission presents a consistent uniform polarization pattern over most of the velocity channel maps. These uniform polarization patterns are aligned with the north-south main axis of the filament between the main millimeter source (MM) and the ultra-compact H {\scriptsize II} region, which are the central sources in G34.4, suggesting a magnetic field orthogonal to this axis. This morphology is consistent with a magnetically supported disk seen roughly edge-on.
description: Accepted to be published at ApJ
Ensemble Riemannian Data Assimilation over the Wasserstein Space
Creators: name: Tamang, Sagar K.
name: Ebtehaj, Ardeshir
name: Van Leeuwen, Peter J.
name: Zou, Dongmian
name: Lerman, Gilad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present an ensemble data assimilation paradigm over a Riemannian manifold equipped with the Wasserstein metric. Unlike the Eulerian penalization of error in the Euclidean space, the Wasserstein metric can capture translation and difference between the shapes of square-integrable probability distributions of the background state and observations -- enabling to formally penalize geophysical biases in state-space with non-Gaussian distributions. The new approach is applied to dissipative and chaotic evolutionary dynamics and its potential advantages and limitations are highlighted compared to the classic variational and filtering data assimilation approaches under systematic and random errors.
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Creators: name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
name: Ruttan, Vernon W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1969
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Agricultural economics is a field of applied economics. Its scope and its relationship to other social and natural science disciplines has changed over time in response to (a) the social, economic and technical changes impinging on the agricultural sector and (b) progress in economic theory and in other related social and natural science disciplines. The substance of agricultural economics in the United States at the present time can best be understood by reviewing the historical origins of the field and its recent evolution in relation to developments in economic theory, statistics and econometrics.
Effects of Photoionization and Photoheating on Lyman-alpha Forest Properties from Cholla Cosmological Simulations
Creators: name: Villasenor, Bruno
name: Robertson, Brant
name: Madau, Piero
name: Schneider, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The density and temperature properties of the intergalactic medium (IGM) reflect the heating and ionization history during cosmological structure formation, and are primarily probed by the Lyman-alpha forest of neutral hydrogen absorption features in the observed spectra of background sources (Gunn & Peterson 1965). We present the methodology and initial results from the Cholla IGM Photoheating Simulation (CHIPS) suite performed with the Graphics Process Unit-accelerated Cholla code to study the IGM at high, uniform spatial resolution maintained over large volumes. In this first paper, we examine the IGM structure in CHIPS cosmological simulations that include IGM uniform photoheating and photoionization models where hydrogen reionization completes early (Haardt & Madau 2012) or by redshift z~6 (Puchwein et al. 2019). Comparing with observations of the large- and small-scale Lyman-alpha transmitted flux power spectra P(k) at redshifts 2 ~ 0.01 s/km at redshifts 2 ~4.5 the observed flux P(k) amplitude increases at a rate intermediate between the models, and we argue that for models where hydrogen reionization completes late (z~5.5 - 6) resolving this disagreement will require inhomogeneous or 'patchy' reionization. (Abridged)
description: 30 pages, 19 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication at ApJ
Nucleon sea in the effective chiral quark model
Creators: name: Ding, Yong
name: Xu, Rong-Guang
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymmetries of both light-flavor antiquark $\bar{d}(x)-\bar{u}(x)$ and strange-antistrange $s(x)-\bar{s}(x)$ distributions of the nucleon sea are considered with more details in the effective chiral quark model. We find that the asymmetric distribution of light-flavor antiquarks $\bar{d}(x)-\bar{u}(x)$ matches the experiment data well and that the asymmetry of strange and antistrange distributions can bring about 60-100% correction to the NuTeV anomaly of $\sin^{2}θ_{w}$, which are three standard deviations from the world average value measured in other electroweak processes. The results on the correction to the NuTeV anomaly are insensitive to the inputs of the constituent quark distributions and the cut-off parameters. The ratios of $\bar{d}(x)/\bar{u}(x)$ and $s(x)/\bar{s}(x)$ are also discussed, and it is found that the ratio $s(x)/\bar{s}(x)$ is compatible with the available experiments with an additional symmetric sea contribution being considered effectively.
description: 24 Latex pages, 8 figures
A combinatorial formula for homogeneous moments
Creators: name: Eastwood, Michael G.
name: Romão, Nuno M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a combinatorial formula for homogeneous moments and give some examples where it can be put to use. An application to the statistical mechanics of interacting gauged vortices is discussed.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX
Consumer Preferences for Cluster Raisins: A Focus Group Investigation
Creators: name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Matt, Garrett R.
name: Drukin, April
name: Campeau-McAllister, Kimberly
name: Campeau-McAllister, Nicole
name: Solis, Marco
name: Gipson, Tenisha
name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Matt, Garrett R.
name: Drukin, April
name: Campeau-McAllister, Kimberly
name: Campeau-McAllister, Nicole
name: Solis, Marco
name: Gipson, Tenisha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The U.S. raisin industry has experienced a decline in acreage and in number of growers in recent years. One firm is trying a novel approach to marketing raisins, namely, by marketing them still attached to the vine. This product is called cluster raisins. In order to explore consumer preferences related to cluster raisins, and to generate new product ideas and preferred marketing methods, two focus group interviews were implemented. Findings included that a young (i.e., 18 - 25 years) market segment would be a recommended target market. Also included are recommendations regarding price, packaging, and methods of increasing consumer awareness. Recommended marketing channels include specialty markets (e.g., Trader Joe's or Whole Foods) and gift baskets.
description: Selected paper for the 2006 meeting of the Western Extension and Research Activity (WERA) #72 for Agribusiness Competitiveness, Las Vegas, NV, June 20 – 21.
Scanner Data in Supermarkets: Untapped Data Source for Agricultural Economists
Creators: name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Scanner data from supermarkets constitute a nontraditional data source for economic applications. Few agricultural economists have used scanner data in market or economic research. This paper addresses the benefits and problems associated with the use of scanner data in research. The relevant literature in the agricultural economics field is reviewed and some implications for further research are discussed.
The Present and Future of Four Top Operators
Creators: name: Banelli, Giovanni
name: Salvioni, Ennio
name: Serra, Javi
name: Theil, Tobias
name: Weiler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology of a strongly-interacting top quark at future hadron and lepton colliders, showing that the characteristic four-top contact operators give rise to the most significant effects. We demonstrate the extraordinary potential of a 100 TeV proton-proton collider to directly test such non-standard interactions in four-top production, a process that we thoroughly analyze in the same-sign dilepton and trilepton channels, and explore in the fully hadronic channel. Furthermore, high-energy electron-positron colliders, such as CLIC or the ILC, are shown to exhibit an indirect yet remarkable sensitivity to four-top operators, since these constitute, via renormalization group evolution, the leading new-physics deformations in top-quark pair production. We investigate the impact of our results on the parameter space of composite Higgs models with a strongly-coupled (right-handed) top quark, finding that four-top probes provide the best sensitivity on the compositeness scale at the future energy frontier. In addition, we investigate mild yet persisting LHC excesses in multilepton plus jets final states, showing that they can be consistently described in the effective field theory of such a new-physics scenario.
description: 27 pages + references, 11 figures, 5 tables. v2: slight modification of title, minor additions to discussion (including HL-LHC projection), references added, results unchanged; version published in JHEP
Possibility of a photometric detection of "exomoons"
Creators: name: Szabo, Gy. M.
name: Szatmary, K.
name: Diveki, Zs.
name: Simon, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examined which exo-systems contain moons that may be detected in transit. We numerically modeled transit light curves of Earth-like and giant planets that cointain moons with 0.005--0.4 Earth-mass. The orbital parameters were randomly selected, but the entire system fulfilled Hill-stability. We conclude that the timing effect is caused by two scenarios: the motion of the planet and the moon around the barycenter. Which one dominates depends on the parameters of the system. Already planned missions (Kepler, COROT) may be able to detect the moon in transiting extrasolar Earth-Moon-like systems with a 20% probability. From our sample of 500 free-designed systems, 8 could be detected with the photometric accuracy of 0.1 mmag and a 1 minute sampling, and one contains a stony planet. With ten times better accuracy, 51 detections are expected. All such systems orbit far from the central star, with the orbital periods at least 200 and 10 days for the planet and the moon, while they contain K- and M-dwarf stars. Finally we estimate that a few number of real detections can be expected by the end of the COROT and the Kepler missions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Analyzing Resources for the Production of High-Value Agricultural Products in the California High Desert
Creators: name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Hays, Lauren
name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Hays, Lauren
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Production Economics
subject: High-value agricultural products
subject: resources
subject: desert
subject: California
subject: strategic planning
subject: sustainable agriculture
subject: Demographics
subject: Direct marketing

description: Urbanization of previously undeveloped land is a critical concern in Southern California. Housing development brings with it several potentially detrimental effects, among which are hardening of the landscape (pavement), diminished water absorption into the soil, and increased harmful runoff into the Pacific Ocean. The High Desert Region of San Bernardino County, California is an area currently experiencing significant development pressure. It is our belief that the development of agricultural production could, to some extent, substitute for residential and commercial development, and that agricultural production is a more sustainable use of the land in this area. This report examines and inventories resources of an unincorporated area near the Cajon Pass and Silverwood Lake, and assesses how they might best be utilized to introduce production of high-value agricultural products. A conclusion is that although water may be a limiting factor, the production of deciduous tree fruits (e.g., apples, cherries, pears, peaches, apricots, and nectarines) should be considered in this area. Small scale agricultural enterprises are more likely to achieve success. Implications for public policy and areas for future research are also presented.
description: Selected paper for the 2007 meeting of the Western Extension and Research Activity (WERA) #72 for Agribusiness Competitiveness, Las Vegas, NV, June 18 – 19.
New 6-cm observations of a large sample of radio SNRs
Creators: name: Soberski, Sebastian
name: Pazderski, Eugeniusz
name: Kus, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Almost 50 radio SNR objects were selected from Green's catalogue for continuum and polarization observations. We present preliminary results of this observational campaign at 4.7 GHz carried out with Torun 32-metre radio telescope.
description: 3 pages, 4 figures, proceedings for "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W. Weiler, and R. McCray
Brüggemann, Heinrich, von Stieglitz, Klaus: Die Empfehlungen von Nairobi
Creators: name: Boeckler, Richard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 27 Nr. 1 (1978): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 27, Heft 1
Magnetization plateaux induced by a coupling to the lattice
Creators: name: Vekua, T.
name: Cabra, D. C.
name: Dobry, A.
name: Gazza, C.
name: Poilblanc, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a simple model of a frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain coupled to adiabatic phonons under an external magnetic field. Using field theoretic methods complemented by extensive Density Matrix Renormalisation Group techniques generalized to include self-consistent lattice distortions, we show that magnetization plateaux at non-trivial rational values of the magnetization can be stabilized by the lattice coupling. We suggest that such a scenario could be relevant for some low dimensional frustrated spin-Peierls compounds.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Quantum corrections to slow-roll inflation: scalar and tensor modes
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens O.
name: Eriksson, Magdalena
name: Tranberg, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation is often described through the dynamics of a scalar field, slow-rolling in a suitable potential. Ultimately, this inflaton must be identified as the expectation value of a quantum field, evolving in a quantum effective potential. The shape of this potential is determined by the underlying tree-level potential, dressed by quantum corrections from the scalar field itself and the metric perturbations. Following [1], we compute the effective scalar field equations and the corrected Friedmann equations to quadratic order in both scalar field, scalar metric and tensor perturbations. We identify the quantum corrections from different sources at leading order in slow-roll, and estimate their magnitude in benchmark models of inflation. We comment on the implications of non-minimal coupling to gravity in this context.
description: 26 pages, no figures. v2: Version matches published paper
Federal endangered species legislation in Canada : explaining the lack of a policy outcome
Creators: name: Amos, William Ambrose
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis attempts to uncover the reasons why Canada, unlike the United States and Australia, does not have stand alone federal endangered species legislation. In particular, I will focus upon the history of Bill C-65, the proposed federal endangered species statute which died on the Order Table in 1997. Using the "policy regime" framework developed by George Hoberg, I examine the ideas, actors, and institutions that have combined within a given set of background conditions to produce this distinctive lack of a policy outcome, assessing the relative causal importance of each variable in terms Bill C-65's failure. Using Peter Haas' epistemic community approach, the causal knowledge of conservation scientists' regarding habitat loss is found not to have influenced the policy substance of Bill C-65. However, it is argued that scientists did play an important role in the legislative failure insofar as they joined forces with environmentalists to discredit the weak scope and substance of the bill. These pro-environment actors, however, were matched throughout the interest group competition by the parallel forces of industry and private landowner groups, who criticized Bill C-65 as a litigious, punitive and "American" style of legislation. The provinces, for their part, sided with the landowners and industry groups, arguing that the federal government had overstepped its wildlife management jurisdiction. Given a context of low public concern for environmental issues, and the institutional trend towards regulatory decentralization, the federal government had very few incentives to introduce a strong bill. However, the provinces, landowners, and industry groups, all felt it was too strong, while environmentalists and scientists felt just the opposite. Bill C-65's failure, therefore, was the result of the federal government's inability to satisfy anyone on this issue. Determining who "won" this first endangered species battle, however, is quite difficult without knowing whether Cabinet felt the bill was too strong or too weak, and without knowing what the next legislative proposal will entail. In conclusion, it is found that all three regime components of ideas, actors, and institutions were equally important factors in bringing about the failure of Bill C-65, and the current policy delay that continues to this day.
Neutrino oscillations in de Sitter space-time
Creators: name: Huang, Xin-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We try to understand flavor oscillations and to develop the formulae for describing neutrino oscillations in de Sitter space-time. First, the covariant Dirac equation is investigated under the conformally flat coordinates of de Sitter geometry. Then, we obtain the exact solutions of the Dirac equation and indicate the explicit form of the phase of wave function. Next, the concise formulae for calculating the neutrino oscillation probabilities in de Sitter space-time are given. Finally, The difference between our formulae and the standard result in Minkowski space-time is pointed out.
description: 13 pages, no figures
Conceptual Design Report: Optical Stochastic Cooling at IOTA
Creators: name: Lebedev, V.
name: Jarvis, J.
name: Piekarz, H.
name: Romanov, A.
name: Ruan, J.
name: Andorf, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents a journal version of the Design Report on the Optical Stochastic Cooling experiment to be carried out at IOTA ring in Fermilab later this year. It discusses the theory which experiment is based on, beam parameters, major requirements to the storage ring systems and technical details of the experiment implementation.
Patterns of Cost Allocation Strategies: A Look at Cooperative Fire Departments in the State of Michigan
Creators: name: Bradshaw, Nicole
name: Bradshaw, Nicole
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Intergovernmental cooperation is an important topic in Michigan's current economic climate and has received a lot of treatment by researchers. However, very few studies have been conducted regarding cost sharing agreements made by cooperating groups, especially in the realm of fire service. This study identifies common cost allocation mechanisms and develops a conceptual framework that predicts prevalent patterns between low transaction cost sharing arrangements and similarities among involved communities. Other theories are presented regarding patterns with expenditures and other budgetary data. Patterns were identified using two-step cluster analysis in SPSS. Three tests were done uncovering several variables significant in determining clusters. Among these variables were cost allocation choice, total expenditures, number participating municipalities per fire district, median home value, and percent white population. There were several limitations to this study, including a small number of observations and limited variables.
Managing Dairy Heifer Growth Investment
Creators: name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Hadrich, Joleen C.
name: Vandehaar, M.J.
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Hadrich, Joleen C.
name: Vandehaar, M.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Heifer growth
subject: Economics
subject: Investment

description: Accelerated prepubertal growth rates can lower heifer raising costs but may put heifers at risk for impaired mammary development and have been found to be detrimental decreased to milk production in the first lactation. The tradeoff between heifer raising costs and milk production loss is examined in a capital budgeting model. Monthly annuity net present value of a heifer investment through the first lactation is assessed for heifers calving at 20, 22, 24, 26 and 28 months of age. A 24 mo AFC base case strategy with 9009.5 kg subsequent first lactation milk yields $7.34 in returns per month. Accelerated growth resulted in higher returns ($12.77/mo for 20 mo AFC; $9.86/mo for 22 mo AFC) when milk production is not affected as total raising costs decline relative to the base case. Slower growth resulted in lower returns ($5.12/mo for 26 mo AFC; $3.15/mo for 28 mo AFC). When milk production declines, revenues decline as do feed and marketing costs which are a function of milk produced. Adjusting for factors, breakeven milk production losses were 10.6 % for 20 mo AFC and 5.3 % for 22 mo AFC relative to the 24 mo AFC base. These results were not sensitive to the assumed discount rate, heifer feed costs or discount rate. Other operation-specific heifer management factors including calving season, reproduction, herd size/expansion considerations and, in the longer-term, heifer facilities investments may be more significant economically than the differences found in this analysis.
An Examination of US Consumer Pet and Veterinary Expenditures, 1980-1999
Creators: name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Lloyd, James W.
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Wolf, Christopher A.
name: Lloyd, James W.
name: Black, J. Roy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: The veterinary medical profession touches nearly everyone's life, either directly or indirectly. An estimated 58.3% of US households own pets (AVMA, 2002), and most people consume livestock products in the form of meat, dairy products, wool, or leather. The health and well being of all these animals depend heavily on relationships with veterinarians. Veterinarians also contribute to public health through the FDA, CDC, USDA, and numerous other government agencies at the federal, state, and local levels. Issues of primary concern include food safety, biosecurity, and the numerous emerging (and re-emerging) infectious diseases that are zoonotic in nature. Finally, veterinarians have an additional impact through their research contributions. Virtually all of the laboratory animals used in research are raised, housed, and managed under the care of veterinarians, and veterinary researchers regularly provide valuable contributions to the knowledge base in the biomedical sciences. This study was designed to assess the general trends in pet and veterinary expenditures as well as factors associated with pet ownership and expenditures on veterinary medical services. Providing such key information on the sector of greatest economic importance will enhance the probability of sustained economic viability in the veterinary medical profession as a whole.
Heat Capacity and Magnetic Phase Diagram of the Low-Dimensional Antiferromagnet Y$_2$BaCuO$_5$
Creators: name: Knafo, W.
name: Meingast, C.
name: Inaba, A.
name: Wolf, Th.
name: Löhneysen, H. v.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A study by specific heat of a polycrystalline sample of the low-dimensional magnetic system Y$_2$BaCuO$_5$ is presented. Magnetic fields up to 14 T are applied and permit to extract the ($T$,$H$) phase diagram. Below $μ_0H^*\simeq2$ T, the Néel temperature, associated with a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic long-range ordering, is constant and equals $T_N=15.6$ K. Above $H^*$, $T_N$ increases linearly with $H$ and a field-induced increase of the entropy at $T_N$ is related to the presence of an isosbestic point at $T_X\simeq20$ K, where all the specific heat curves cross. A comparison is made between Y$_2$BaCuO$_5$ and the quasi-two-dimensional magnetic systems BaNi$_{2}$V$_{2}$O$_{8}$, Sr$_2$CuO$_2$Cl$_2$, and Pr$_2$CuO$_4$, for which very similar phase diagrams have been reported. An effective field-induced magnetic anisotropy is proposed to explain these phase diagrams.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Charge independence studied in $NN\to dπ$ reactions
Creators: name: Machner, H.
name: Niskanen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review to what extent charge independence breaking (\emph{CIB}) in isospin related reactions of the type $NN\to dπ$ can or could be seen in existing data. In doing this we present fits to global and threshold cross sections including most recent data. Applying these we point out the probable impossibility to make model independent predictions even based solely on the different threshold energies and the well known $pp\to dπ^+$. A possible discrepancy is seen between the $np\to dπ^0$ and $pp\to dπ^+$ data, which may require invoking explicitly isospin symmetry breaking interactions.
description: 20 pages, 12 pictures
Ansprenger, Franz, Czempiel, Ernst-Otto: Südafrika in der Politik Großbritanniens und der USA
Creators: name: Schlimm, Henning
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 27 Nr. 1 (1978): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 27, Heft 1
Semi-Blind Source Separation for Nonlinear Acoustic Echo Cancellation
Creators: name: Cheng, Guoliang
name: Liao, Lele
name: Chen, Hongsheng
name: Lu, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The mismatch between the numerical and actual nonlinear models is a challenge to nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation (NAEC) when the nonlinear adaptive filter is utilized. To alleviate this problem, we combine a basis-generic expansion of the memoryless nonlinearity into semi-blind source separation (SBSS). By regarding all the basis functions of the far-end input signal as the known equivalent reference signals, an SBSS updating algorithm is derived following the constrained scaled natural gradient strategy. Unlike the commonly utilized adaptive algorithm, the proposed SBSS is based on the independence between the near-end signal and the reference signals, and is less sensitive to the mismatch of nonlinearity between the numerical and actual models. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms conventional methods in terms of echo return loss enhancement (ERLE) and near-end speech quality evaluated by perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI).
Gaussian fluctuations for non-Hermitian random matrix ensembles
Creators: name: Rider, B.
name: Silverstein, Jack W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A52 (Primary) 60F05 (Secondary)

description: Consider an ensemble of $N\times N$ non-Hermitian matrices in which all entries are independent identically distributed complex random variables of mean zero and absolute mean-square one. If the entry distributions also possess bounded densities and finite $(4+ε)$ moments, then Z. D. Bai [Ann. Probab. 25 (1997) 494--529] has shown the ensemble to satisfy the circular law: after scaling by a factor of $1/\sqrt{N}$ and letting $N\to \infty$, the empirical measure of the eigenvalues converges weakly to the uniform measure on the unit disk in the complex plane. In this note, we investigate fluctuations from the circular law in a more restrictive class of non-Hermitian matrices for which higher moments of the entries obey a growth condition. The main result is a central limit theorem for linear statistics of type $X_N(f)=\sum_{k=1}^Nf(λ_k)$ where $λ_1,λ_2,...,λ_N$ denote the ensemble eigenvalues and the test function $f$ is analytic on an appropriate domain. The proof is inspired by Bai and Silverstein [Ann. Probab. 32 (2004) 533--605], where the analogous result for random sample covariance matrices is established.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000403 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Locally orderless tensor networks for classifying two- and three-dimensional medical images
Creators: name: Selvan, Raghavendra
name: Ørting, Silas
name: Dam, Erik B
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tensor networks are factorisations of high rank tensors into networks of lower rank tensors and have primarily been used to analyse quantum many-body problems. Tensor networks have seen a recent surge of interest in relation to supervised learning tasks with a focus on image classification. In this work, we improve upon the matrix product state (MPS) tensor networks that can operate on one-dimensional vectors to be useful for working with 2D and 3D medical images. We treat small image regions as orderless, squeeze their spatial information into feature dimensions and then perform MPS operations on these locally orderless regions. These local representations are then aggregated in a hierarchical manner to retain global structure. The proposed locally orderless tensor network (LoTeNet) is compared with relevant methods on three datasets. The architecture of LoTeNet is fixed in all experiments and we show it requires lesser computational resources to attain performance on par or superior to the compared methods.
description: Accepted for publication at the Journal of Machine Learning for Biomedical Imaging (MELBA) (see https://melba-journal.org). Source code at https://github.com/raghavian/LoTeNet_pytorch/
Gauge dependence of on-shell and pole mass renormalization prescriptions
Creators: name: Zhou, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the gauge dependence of physical parameter's definitions under the on-shell and pole mass renormalization prescriptions. By two-loop-level calculations we prove for the first time that the on-shell mass renormalization prescription makes physical result gauge dependent. On the other hand, such gauge dependence doesn't appear in the result of the pole mass renormalization prescription. Our calculation also implies the difference of the physical results between the two mass renormalization prescriptions cannot be neglected at two-loop level.
description: 28 pages, 15 figures
Multifield inflation beyond $N_\mathrm{field}=2$: non-Gaussianities and single-field effective theory
Creators: name: Pinol, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study in detail the linear dynamics and cubic interactions for any number $N_\mathrm{field}$ of scalar fields during inflation, directly in terms of the observable curvature perturbation $ζ$ and $N_\mathrm{field}-1$ entropic fluctuations, a choice that is more suitable for analytical works. In the linear equations of motion for the perturbations, we uncover rich geometrical effects beyond terms involving just the scalar curvature of the field space, and that come from the non-canonical kinetic structure of the scalar fields when the dimension of the field space is larger than two. Moreover, we show that a fast rotation of the local entropic basis can result in negative eigenvalues for the entropic mass matrix, potentially destabilising the background dynamics when $N_\mathrm{field} \geqslant 3$. We also explain how to render manifest the sizes of cubic interactions between the adiabatic and the entropic fluctuations, extending a previous work of ours to any number of interacting fields. As a first analytical application of our generic formalism, we derive the effective single-field theory for perturbations up to cubic order when all entropic fluctuations are heavy enough to be integrated out. In a slow-varying limit, we recover the cubic action expected from the effective field theory of inflation, but with a prediction for the usual Wilson coefficients in terms of the multifield parameters, thus proposing a new interpretation of the bispectrum in this generic $N_\mathrm{field}$ context.
description: 30 pages, 1 figure