cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The relationship between Behavioral Accounting and forensic accounting
Creators: name: Dr. Rusdiyanto, SE,. M. Ak,. CH,. CHt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Capaian pembelajaran Mata Kuliah (CPMK)
Behavioral accounting and forensic accounting are both specialized areas within the broader field of accounting, but they differ in their focus and objectives.
Behavioral Accounting:

Focus: Behavioral accounting primarily focuses on the psychological aspects of decision-making within the realm of accounting and finance. It explores how individuals and organizations make financial decisions and the behavioral factors that influence those decisions.
Objectives: The main objective of behavioral accounting is to understand and predict the behavior of individuals involved in accounting processes. This includes studying how cognitive biases, emotions, and social factors impact financial decision-making.
Forensic Accounting:

Focus: Forensic accounting, on the other hand, is focused on investigating financial discrepancies, fraud, and financial misconduct. It involves the application of accounting and investigative skills to uncover and analyze financial information for legal purposes.
Objectives: The primary objective of forensic accounting is to detect, investigate, and prevent financial fraud or other irregularities. Forensic accountants are often called upon to provide expert witness testimony in legal proceedings.
Relationship between Behavioral Accounting and Forensic Accounting:
While behavioral accounting and forensic accounting have different focuses and objectives, there are some points of intersection:
Understanding Motivations and Intentions:

Behavioral accounting can be relevant in forensic accounting when trying to understand the motivations and intentions behind fraudulent activities. By considering behavioral factors, forensic accountants may gain insights into why individuals engaged in financial misconduct.
Interview and Interrogation Techniques:

Behavioral accounting principles, such as understanding how individuals respond to questioning or pressure, can be applied in forensic accounting investigations. Forensic accountants may use knowledge of behavioral patterns to conduct effective interviews and interrogations during investigations.
Fraud Prevention:

Behavioral accounting insights can inform strategies for fraud prevention. Understanding the psychological factors that contribute to fraud can help organizations implement controls and measures to deter fraudulent activities, which is also a goal in forensic accounting.
In summary, while behavioral accounting and forensic accounting serve different purposes, there is an overlap in terms of understanding human behavior in the context of financial activities. The insights gained from behavioral accounting can be applied in forensic accounting to enhance investigative processes and strategies.
Trying International Crimes on Local Lawns: The Adjudication of Genocide Sexual Violence Crimes in Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts
Creators: name: Amick, Emily
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: During the Rwandan genocide sexual violence was used as a weapon of war to ravage a people. Women were tortured psychologically, physically and emotionally. For some women the “dark carnival” of the genocide has not ended. Living side by sidewith the men who committed violence against them, they must confront their past every day. This Article explores how, post-genocide, the country has come to adjudicate these crimes in gacaca. Gacaca is a unique method of transitional justice, one that calls upon traditional roots, bringing community members together to find the truth of what happened during the genocide and punish those who perpetrated violence. One scholar calls gacaca, “one of the boldest and most original ‘legal-social’ experiments ever attempted in the field of transitional justice.” Others, however, criticize gacaca for the impunity it grants to crimes committed by the current ruling party, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and its lack of due process and nonconformance to international fair trial processes. Most authors find that, for cases of sexual violence, gacaca is a wholly unsuitable forum.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011)
Unsex CEDAW, or What’s Wrong with Women’s Rights
Creators: name: Rosenblum, Darren
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Before I go on, I want to tell a story. During high school, I had an English teacher who often wore a pendant from the National Organization of Women. I asked her about it and we began a conversation that continued for years as she fed my voracious mind with Gloria Steinem, Alice Walker and other feminist literature. One day, on my way home from a meeting of Gay and Lesbian Youth of New York, I picked up the Village Voice and saw an announcement for a women’s rights conference. My dad drove me into the city for the conference, which well over a thousand people attended. As part of the forum, individuals reported back from the 1985 World Conference on Women held in Nairobi. As people entered the hall, a slide show of conference photos ran alongside Helen Reddy’s “I am Woman.” Perhaps two or three men were there. Throughout the day, attendees approached me to inquire where they could find coffee or if I was in the right place. As a sixteen- year old boy with darker-than-average skin, I must have struck the attendees as some sort of coffee bo’. Why else would I be there?
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011)
Addressing Heat-Related Illness in North Carolina
Creators: name: Siranosian, Elizabeth
name: Lawal, Khadeejatul-Kubraa
name: Pavicevic, Katja
name: Rakowski, Meghan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2025

description:
In North Carolina and across the country, climate change has led to warmer average temperatures. Periods of extreme heat, an increasingly common weather event in North Carolina, can result in heat-related illness, including heat exhaustion, heat stroke and even death. Heat-related illness puts health at risk, especially among low-income populations, adds to healthcare expenditures, strains resources and decreases productivity. In this paper, we define the problem, evaluate different policy solutions, determine the most effective policy solution and propose a three-year budget. We found that the most impactful, cost-effective and equitable policy solution is to ban utility companies in North Carolina from disconnecting residents' power for nonpayment May-September, or in a period of extreme heat. The policy will be evaluated by tracking the number of households that retain power during summer months, calculating the change in heat-related ED visits over time, and holding focus groups.
Size and shape of plates and size of wine glasses and bottles: impact on self-serving of food and alcohol
Creators: name: Clarke, Natasha
name: Pechey, Emily
name: Pechey, Rachel
name: Ventsel, Minna
name: Mantzari, Eleni
name: De-Loyde, Katie
name: Pilling, Mark A.
name: Morris, Richard W.
name: Marteau, Theresa M.
name: Hollands, Gareth J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
ISRCTN66774780
ISRCTN
Size intervention
Plates
Wine glasses
Wine bottles
Alcohol
Food

description: Abstract: Background: The physical properties of tableware could influence selection and consumption of food and alcohol. There is considerable uncertainty, however, around the potential effects of different sizes and shapes of tableware on how much food and alcohol people self-serve. These studies aimed to estimate the impact of: 1. Plate size and shape on amount of food self-served; 2.Wine glass and bottle size on amount of wine self-poured. Methods: 140 adults participated in two laboratory studies—each using randomised within-subjects factorial designs—where they self-served food (Study 1) and wine (Study 2): Study 1: 3 plate sizes (small; medium; large) × 2 plate shapes (circular; square). Study 2: 3 wine glass sizes (small; medium; large) × 2 wine bottle sizes (75 cl; 50 cl). Results: Study 1: There was a main effect of plate size: less was self-served on small (76 g less, p < 0.001) and medium (41 g less, p < 0.001) plates, compared to large plates. There was no evidence for a main effect of plate shape (p = 0.46) or a size and shape interaction (p = 0.47). Study 2: There was a main effect of glass size: less was self-served in small (34 ml less, p < 0.001) and medium (17 ml less, p < 0.001) glasses, compared to large glasses. There was no evidence of a main effect of bottle size (p = 0.20) or a glass and bottle size interaction (p = 0.18). Conclusions: Smaller tableware (i.e. plates and wine glasses) decreases the amount of food and wine self-served in an initial serving. Future studies are required to generate estimates on selection and consumption in real world settings when numerous servings are possible. Protocol registration information: OSF (https://osf.io/dj3c6/) and ISRCTN (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN66774780).
Transport and superconducting properties of Fe-based superconductors: SmFeAs(O1-x Fx) versus Fe1+y (Te1-x, Sex)
Creators: name: Tropeano, M.
name: Pallecchi, I.
name: Cimberle, M. R.
name: Ferdeghini, C.
name: Lamura, G.
name: Vignolo, M.
name: Martinelli, A.
name: Palenzona, A.
name: Putti, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present transport and superconducting properties - namely resistivity, magnetoresistivity, Hall effect, Seebeck effect, thermal conductivity, upper critical field - of two different families of Fe-based superconductors, which can be viewed in many respects as end members: SmFeAs(O1-xFx) with the largest Tc and the largest anisotropy and Fe1+y(Te1-x,Sex), with the largest Hc2, the lowest Tc and the lowest anisotropy. In the case of the SmFeAs(O1-xFx) series, we find that a single band description allows to extract an approximated estimation of band parameters such as carrier density and mobility from experimental data, although the behaviour of Seebeck effect as a function of doping demonstrates that a multiband description would be more appropriate. On the contrary, experimental data of the Fe1+y(Te1-x,Sex) series exhibit a strongly compensated behaviour, which can be described only within a multiband model. In the Fe1+y(Te1-x,Sex) series, the role of the excess Fe, tuned by Se stoichiometry, is found to be twofold: it dopes electrons in the system and it introduces localized magnetic moments, responsible for Kondo like scattering and likely pair-breaking of Cooper pairs. Hence, excess Fe plays a crucial role also in determining superconducting properties such as the Tc and the upper critical field Bc2. The huge Bc2 values of the Fe1+y(Te1-x,Sex) samples are described by a dirty limit law, opposed to the clean limit behaviour of the SmFeAs(O1-xFx) samples. Hence, magnetic scattering by excess Fe seems to drive the system in the dirty regime, but its detrimental pairbreaking role seems not to be as severe as predicted by theory. This issue has yet to be clarified, addressing the more fundamental issue of the interplay between magnetism and superconductivity.
On resonant scatterers as a factor limiting carrier mobility in graphene
Creators: name: Ni, Z. H.
name: Ponomarenko, L. A.
name: Nair, R. R.
name: Yang, R.
name: Anissimova, S.
name: Grigorieva, I. V.
name: Schedin, F.
name: Shen, Z. X.
name: Hill, E. H.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
name: Geim, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that graphene deposited on a substrate has a non-negligible density of atomic scale defects. This is evidenced by a previously unnoticed D peak in the Raman spectra with intensity of about 1% with respect to the G peak. We evaluated the effect of such impurities on electron transport by mimicking them with hydrogen adsorbates and measuring the induced changes in both mobility and Raman intensity. If the intervalley scatterers responsible for the D peak are monovalent, their concentration is sufficient to account for the limited mobilities achievable in graphene on a substrate.
description: version 2: several comments are taken into account and refs added
Unsex CEDAW? No! Super-Sex It!
Creators: name: Hernandez-Truyol, Berta Esperanza
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: This Article reflects upon Darren Rosenblum’s provocative piece Unsex CEDAW or What s Wrong with Women’s Rights. At the outset I should note that this critical analysis should not be misinterpreted. I do not quarrel with Professor Rosenblum’s observations that inequality in law and life is much broader than sex inequalities. To the contrary, I am in full accord with him that discrimination along other categorical axes is also undesirable and sometimes as prevalent as sex inequality. Indeed, oftentimes such other discriminatory tendencies dovetail with those rooted in sex discrimination. Where we diverge, however, is in his proposal that the category woman, and the pursuit of equality rights utilizing a focus on sex, be eliminated altogether. He claims it is wrong to focus on women’s rights. Yet even in that regard I think our differences could be framed as methodological rather than substantive. Professor Rosenblum suggests that we unsex CEDAW and that the convention focus on gender in lieu of sex. Moreover, he posits that any consideration of discrimination on the basis of sex include men as well as women. I agree that the convention ought to protect against discrimination on the basis of gender as well as sex. Moreover, there is no question that the category sex includes men as well as women, although it is incontrovertible that the aim of CEDAW was to protect women because of the privations women experience in their lives-a reality around the world, north and south, east and west alike. Thus, our disagreement is narrow and centers on the ongoing relevance and significance- indeed, necessity-of the category woman.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011)
THE ROLE OF TRANSMEMBRANE 163 (Tmem163) PROTEIN IN TISSUE ZINC METABOLISM
Creators: name: Shink, Natalie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: TMEM163
zinc
metallomics

description: Human TMEM163 is a protein that has been reported to bind zinc, copper, and nickel. Our laboratory recently showed that TMEM163 transports zinc into intracellular compartments and out of cells, making it a zinc efflux transporter. TMEM163 has been implicated in several human disorders such as Mucolipidosis type IV, Hypomyelination Leukodystrophy, Parkinson’s disease and diabetes. We have previously shown that knocking down the expression of human TMEM163 in cultured cells creates an imbalance of intracellular zinc levels, suggesting that it is likely critical for zinc homeostasis in various cells and tissues. To further dissect the function of TMEM163, I used an animal model in which its mouse counterpart, Tmem163, has been knocked out. I hypothesized that with a loss of mouse Tmem163 expression will result in abnormal metabolism of metals, particularly those that were reported to bind Tmem163. I used post-mortem tissues from Tmem163 knockout (KO) and wildtype (WT) mice, consisting of cerebral cortex, cerebellum, lungs, and pancreas, because of prior knowledge that Tmem163 transcripts are highly expressed in these tissues. Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), I analyzed the levels of metal isotopes of iron, nickel, copper, zinc, sodium, magnesium, calcium, and manganese from KO and WT tissues of 1-, 3-, 7- and 16-month-old mice. To corroborate with ICP-MS results, I used Timm Silver Sulfide to stain for hippocampal zinc from KO and WT tissues of 1-, 3-, 7-, and 12-month-old mice. Overall, these observations show that mouse Tmem163 is crucial for metal homeostasis in distinct tissues and zinc transport in the brain. Furthermore, these results suggest that human TMEM163 plays a vital roles in human health and disease.
A unified observability result for non-autonomous observation problems
Creators: name: Gabel, Fabian
name: Seelmann, Albrecht
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Banach space
subject: Evolution family
subject: Non-autonomous system
subject: Null-controllability
subject: Observability
subject: Uncertainty principle
subject: Dissipation estimate
subject: Density point
subject: 510

description: A final-state observability result in the Banach space setting for non-autonomous observation problems is obtained that covers and extends all previously known results in this context, while providing a streamlined proof that follows the established Lebeau-Robbiano strategy.
description: Archiv der Mathematik; 122(2)
Constraints on the anisotropy of dark energy
Creators: name: Appleby, Stephen
name: Battye, Richard
name: Moss, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the equation of state of dark energy is anisotropic there will be additional quadrupole anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background induced by the time dependent anisotropic stress quantified in terms of $Δw$. Assuming that the entire amplitude of the observed quadrupole is due to this anisotropy, we conservatively impose a limit of $|Δw| < 2.1\times 10^{-4}$ for any value of $w\ge -1$ assuming that $Ω_{\rm m}<0.5$. This is considerably tighter than that which comes from SNe. Stronger limits, upto a factor of 10, are possible for specific values of $Ω_{\rm m}$ and $w$. Since we assume this component is uncorrelated with the stochastic component from inflation, we find that both the expectation value and the sample variance are increased. There no improvement in the likelihood of an anomalously low quadrupole as suggested by previous work on an elliptical universe.
Unwilling Avatars: Idealism and Discrimination in Cyberspace
Creators: name: Franks, Mary Anne
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Few would deny that cyberspace has a dark side. The of such negative incidents and perhaps even more widely as to the appropriate response to these incidents. On one side are voices calling for increased regulation of the Internet: user codes of conduct, the reform of Section 230 of the 1996 Communications Decency Act (CDA § 230), and stricter laws regarding online defamation, threats, and invasions of privacy. On the other side are those who argue that the benefits offered by the free and unregulated exchange of ideas that characterizes the medium of cyberspace far outweigh the harms facilitated by the Internet. The latter view is based on what this Article calls cyberspace idealism- the view of cyberspace as a utopian realm of the mind where all can participate equally, free from social, historical, and physical restraints. Though the high-flown rhetoric of early cyberspace idealists may now seem somewhat dated, the liberationist vision at its core maintains its hold on our (increasingly online) collective imagination. This vision is a quasi-Cartesian one: a vision of human identity as fundamentally divided between mind and matter, where matter is limiting and temporal and, as such, in many ways inferior to the mind. For those who hold this vision, cyberspace presents the opportunity to escape physical limitations, both geographic and bodily.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011)
The Uncanny Precision of the Spectral Action
Creators: name: Chamseddine, Ali H.
name: Connes, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noncommutative geometry has been slowly emerging as a new paradigm of geometry which starts from quantum mechanics. One of its key features is that the new geometry is spectral in agreement with the physical way of measuring distances. In this paper we present a detailed introduction with an overview on the study of the quantum nature of space-time using the tools of noncommutative geometry. In particular we examine the suitability of using the spectral action as action functional for the theory. To demonstrate how the spectral action encodes the dynamics of gravity we examine the accuracy of the approximation of the spectral action by its asymptotic expansion in the case of the round three sphere. We find that the two terms corresponding to the cosmological constant and the scalar curvature term already give the full result with remarkable accuracy. This is then applied to the physically relevant case of the product of the three sphere by a circle where we show that the spectral action in this case is also given, for any test function, by the sum of two terms up to an astronomically small correction, and in particular all higher order terms vanish. This result is confirmed by evaluating the spectral action using the heat kernel expansion where we check that the higher order terms a4 and a6 both vanish due to remarkable cancelations. We also show that the Higgs potential appears as an exact perturbation when the test function used is a smooth cutoff function.
description: 33 pages, 1 figure
Charting microbial community assembly patterns on microplastic particles and fibers in British Columbian coastal waters
Creators: name: McCall, Bretta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Global plastic production has increased exponentially since the 1950s, ushering in an era of cheap synthetic polymers that have revolutionized human manufacturing and promoted socioeconomic development. However, the benefits of this plastics revolution are contrasted with human and environmental health problems resulting from its disposal. Not only has plastic waste contributed to burgeoning accumulation in landfills and the ocean, but additives and leachates from plastic polymers have been linked to negative health effects including endocrine disruption and cancer. Less well understood is the potential impact of microplastic particles and fibers (MPs) between 0.3mm and 5mm on human and environmental health. MPs frequently enter coastal marine waters through wastewater treatment where they are rapidly colonized by microbes. The drivers of community assembly on MPs remain unconstrained with implications for carbon cycling, antimicrobial resistance and mobilization of additives and leachates through marine food webs. Here, I investigated microbial community assembly on marine plastic fibers and the impact of MP pollution on planktonic microbial community composition. A time-resolved mesocosm experiment using different concentrations of MP fibers indicated that increased fiber concentrations did not have a significant effect on planktonic microbial community composition or chemical concentrations but did induce finer-scale taxonomic changes. A related in-situ textile degradation experiment indicated rapid microbial colonization coalescing into relatively stable community structures after one month. Plastic-attached communities varied significantly by polymer type but not by chemical additive or color. These results demonstrate that marine microbial community assembly varies by plastic type, but MP pollution may not significantly affect the surrounding planktonic microbial community.
Cycles and circulation: a theme in the history of biology and medicine
Creators: name: Hopwood, Nick
name: Müller-Wille, Staffan
name: Browne, Janet
name: Groeben, Christiane
name: Kuriyama, Shigehisa
name: Van Der Lugt, Maaike
name: Giglioni, Guido
name: Nyhart, Lynn K.
name: Rheinberger, Hans-Jörg
name: Dröscher, Ariane
name: Anderson, Warwick
name: Anker, Peder
name: Grote, Mathias
name: Van De Wiel, Lucy
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Original Paper
Canonical icons
Circles
Diagrams
Life cycles
Metaphors
Recycling

description: Funder: National Science Foundation; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
description: Funder: History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
description: Abstract: We invite systematic consideration of the metaphors of cycles and circulation as a long-term theme in the history of the life and environmental sciences and medicine. Ubiquitous in ancient religious and philosophical traditions, especially in representing the seasons and the motions of celestial bodies, circles once symbolized perfection. Over the centuries cyclic images in western medicine, natural philosophy, natural history and eventually biology gained independence from cosmology and theology and came to depend less on strictly circular forms. As potent ‘canonical icons’, cycles also interacted with representations of linear and irreversible change, including arrows, arcs, scales, series and trees, as in theories of the Earth and of evolution. In modern times life cycles and reproductive cycles have often been held to characterize life, in some cases especially female life, while human efforts selectively to foster and disrupt these cycles have harnessed their productivity in medicine and agriculture. But strong cyclic metaphors have continued to link physiology and climatology, medicine and economics, and biology and manufacturing, notably through the relations between land, food and population. From the grand nineteenth-century transformations of matter to systems ecology, the circulation of molecules through organic and inorganic compartments has posed the problem of maintaining identity in the face of flux and highlights the seductive ability of cyclic schemes to imply closure where no original state was in fact restored. More concerted attention to cycles and circulation will enrich analyses of the power of metaphors to naturalize understandings of life and their shaping by practical interests and political imaginations.
Electroweak corrections to hadronic event shapes and jet production in e+e- annihilation
Creators: name: Denner, Ansgar
name: Dittmaier, Stefan
name: Gehrmann, Thomas
name: Kurz, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a complete calculation of the electroweak O(alpha^3 alpha_s) corrections to three-jet production and related event-shape observables at electron--positron colliders. The Z-boson resonance is described within the complex-mass scheme, rendering the calculation valid both in the resonance and off-shell regions. Higher-order initial-state radiation is included in the leading-logarithmic approximation. We properly account for the corrections to the total hadronic cross section and for the experimental photon isolation criteria. To this end we implement contributions of the quark-to-photon fragmentation function both in the slicing and subtraction formalism. The effects of the electroweak corrections on various event-shape distributions and on the three-jet rate are studied. They are typically at the few-per-cent level, and remnants of the radiative return are found even after inclusion of appropriate cuts.
description: 47 pages, 20 figures
Acuna and the Abortion Right: Constraints on Informed-Consent Litigation
Creators: name: Eidmann, Kathryn A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: During the first two decades after the United States Supreme Court upheld the abortion right in Roe v. Wade, opponents of abortion mobilized to persuade federal courts to overturn the decision and introduced versions of a constitutional “Human Life Amendment” that would have prohibited legalized abortion. In recent years however, antiabortion activists, frustrated by the lack of success in persuading the Court to overturn its holding in Roe and by the slow pace of incremental change through litigation in federal courts, have increasingly turned to malpractice litigation in state courts in an attempt to circumvent intractable constitutional precedent protecting the abortion right. In one such case, Acuna v. Turkish, Rosa Acuna sued her gynecologist, Dr. Sheldon Turkish, for medical malpractice under New Jersey state law for terminating her pregnancy without receiving properly informed consent. Specifically, Acuna argued that her physician failed to provide her with material medical information, because he failed to state that the fetus was “a complete, separate, unique and irreplaceable human being,” that the fetus may be capable of feeling pain, that she might suffer “post-abortion syndrome” following the procedure, and that “she would come to realize that she ‘was responsible for killing her own child’ and bear a weight of guilt for the rest of her life.”
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 2 (2011)
The State-Created Danger Doctrine in Domestic Violence Cases: Do We Have a Solution in Okin v. Village of Cornwall-on-Hudson Police Department
Creators: name: Awoyomi, Atinuke O.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Roy Sears began physically abusing Michele Okin after the birth of their first child.1 0kin sought police protection from Sears on multiple occasions. On one occasion when a police officer intervened and arrived at their home after Sears had beaten Okin, the officer did not question or arrest Sears, choosing instead to discuss football with Sears. At the time, Sears was beating Okin every day. The abuse continued after the officer left their home. The failure of the police to intervene ensured that Sears would continue to abuse Okin. Her plight raises questions about what recourse, if any, domestic violence victims in her situation have. Can or should a woman who has suffered domestic violence in the hands of a perpetrator bring a claim against the police officers that failed to protect her? If so, does she have a viable claim for the violation of her substantive due process rights? If there is a substantive due process violation, what standard should be applied?
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011)
The Stubborn Persistence of Sex Segregation
Creators: name: Cohen, David S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Almost fifty years ago, Congress began protecting against sex discrimination in federal statutory law. Almost forty years ago, the Supreme Court expanded constitutional law to include protection from discrimination based on sex. Since then, guarantees against sex discrimination have proliferated in federal and state law, and societal norms of sex equality have become entrenched. Yet, we still live in a society that is highly segregated by sex. And not just sex segregation in the same way race segregation persists-the de facto race segregation that persists, despite de jure segregation disappearing decades ago, in patterns of housing, education, employment, relationships and other areas of life. Rather, the sex segregation most people encounter on a daily basis is sex segregation that is required by rule. Despite its predominance, the persistence of sex segregation has been an under-studied and under-theorized phenomenon in the United States. Legal scholars have studied particular instances of sex segregation, such as in education, the military, restrooms and athletics. However, scholars have paid very little attention to the topic generally, in all of its manifestations. This Article forms the foundation of a multi-part project that will analyze sex segregation as a systemic issue by exploring the contours of modem American sex segregation and what this phenomenon means for law, feminism, gender and identity. In this Article, I set the stage for the entire project by providing a systematic account of sex segregation in America. In addition, I situate this empirical data within a broader doctrinal and theoretical framework. In a second article, I analyze sex segregation and its implications for masculinity, arguing that sex segregation in its many forms contributes to constricting notions of masculinity that lead to the subordination of women as well as of men who do not conform to traditional notions of masculinity. In a related book chapter, 1 have also begun to analyze the deleterious consequences sex segregation has for transgendered, intersexed and gender variant individuals. I plan to more fully explore this issue in the future, including sex segregation’s important implications for women, people of color and society as a whole. My goal in this piece and the others that will build upon it is to provide a comprehensive framework for thinking and dealing with the problem of sex segregation.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011)
NERO: a biomedical named-entity (recognition) ontology with a large, annotated corpus reveals meaningful associations through text embedding
Creators: name: Wang, Kanix
name: Stevens, Robert
name: Alachram, Halima
name: Li, Yu
name: Soldatova, Larisa
name: King, Ross
name: Ananiadou, Sophia
name: Schoene, Annika M.
name: Li, Maolin
name: Christopoulou, Fenia
name: Ambite, José Luis
name: Matthew, Joel
name: Garg, Sahil
name: Hermjakob, Ulf
name: Marcu, Daniel
name: Sheng, Emily
name: Beißbarth, Tim
name: Wingender, Edgar
name: Galstyan, Aram
name: Gao, Xin
name: Chambers, Brendan
name: Pan, Weidi
name: Khomtchouk, Bohdan B.
name: Evans, James A.
name: Rzhetsky, Andrey
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/794
/692/699
article

description: Abstract: Machine reading (MR) is essential for unlocking valuable knowledge contained in millions of existing biomedical documents. Over the last two decades1, 2, the most dramatic advances in MR have followed in the wake of critical corpus development3. Large, well-annotated corpora have been associated with punctuated advances in MR methodology and automated knowledge extraction systems in the same way that ImageNet4 was fundamental for developing machine vision techniques. This study contributes six components to an advanced, named entity analysis tool for biomedicine: (a) a new, Named Entity Recognition Ontology (NERO) developed specifically for describing textual entities in biomedical texts, which accounts for diverse levels of ambiguity, bridging the scientific sublanguages of molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and medicine; (b) detailed guidelines for human experts annotating hundreds of named entity classes; (c) pictographs for all named entities, to simplify the burden of annotation for curators; (d) an original, annotated corpus comprising 35,865 sentences, which encapsulate 190,679 named entities and 43,438 events connecting two or more entities; (e) validated, off-the-shelf, named entity recognition (NER) automated extraction, and; (f) embedding models that demonstrate the promise of biomedical associations embedded within this corpus.
Deconstructing the Body: Transgender and Intersex Identities and Sex Discrimination – The Need for Strict Scrutiny
Creators: name: Ezie, Cinyere
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Sex is documented, administered, and adjudicated via a network of statutes, regulations, and administrative rules that is astonishing for both its inconsistencies and its complexity.’ Courts and agencies tasked with issuing identity documents, or determining who qualifies as a spouse for the purposes of marriage licenses or same-sex marriage bans, routinely adjudicate the question of sex-employing “common sense” approaches to determine whether a person is “male” or “female.” For transgender persons seeking new drivers’ licenses or other forms of official recognition, the folkways of sex can be particularly dire because courts have naturalized both the idea of binary sex and the impossibility of sex reassignment. In refusing to recognize a transgender woman as a legal woman, a Texas appeals court exclaimed, “There are some things we cannot will into being. They just are.”‘ The Kansas Supreme Court followed suit, stating: “[W]e recognize that J’Noel has traveled a long and difficult road. J’Noel has undergone electrolysis, thermolysis, tracheal shave, hormone injections, extensive counseling, and reassignment surgery. Unfortunately, after all that, J’Noel remains a transsexual, and a male. “
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011)
Search for Sc-K line emission from RX J0852.0--4622 Supernova remnant with Suzaku
Creators: name: Hiraga, Junko S.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
name: Tamagawa, T.
name: Hayato, A.
name: Bamba, A.
name: Terada, Y.
name: Petre, R.
name: Katagiri, H.
name: Tsunemi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We searched for evidence of line emission around 4keV from the northwestern rim of the supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622 using Suzaku XIS data. Several papers have reported the detection of an emission line around 4.1keV from this region of the sky. This line would arise from K-band fluorescence by Sc, the immediate decay product of 44Ti. We performed spectral analysis for the entire portion of the NW rim of the remnant within the XIS field of view, as well as various regions corresponding to regions of published claims of line emission. We found no line emission around 4.1keV anywhere, and are able to set a restrictive upper limit to the X-ray flux: 1.1x10^-6 s^-1 cm^-2 for the entire field. For every region, our flux upper limit falls below that of the previously claimed detection. Therefore, we conclude that, to date, no definite X-ray line feature from Sc-K emission has been detected in the NW rim of RX J0852.0-4622. Our negative-detection supports the recent claim that RX J0852-4622 is neither young (1700--4000 yr) nor nearby(~750 pc).
description: Published in PASJ
Mending the Safety Net through Source of Income Protections: The Nexus between Antidiscrimination and Social Welfare Law
Creators: name: Flagg, Kinara
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Nina is an African American woman and a single mother with five children living in New York City.’ One of her children is severely disabled. Last year, after a long wait, Nina became eligible for a housing voucher through the federal Housing Choice Voucher Program (also known as Section 8). In spite of the promise of rental assistance, Nina and her family have repeatedly been denied housing. The landlords and real estate agents that sent her away never mentioned her race, the fact that she has children, or that one of her daughters is disabled. If they had, Nina would have a clear legal claim under the Fair Housing Act (FHA or “the Act”). Instead, landlords and agents continue to deny Nina housing on account of her housing voucher, claiming that the property owner cannot or does not accept those types of vouchers and that the owner will only accept people with “real jobs” as tenants. This treatment may not seem as egregious as having a door slammed in one’s face on account of one’s race or being told by a real estate agent that there are more “people like her” nearby in a different neighborhood. However, Nina and her children are being discriminated against, and Nina’s ability to choose where to live has been interfered with and frustrated. What Nina and her family have experienced, and what many others like her experience each day, is known as source of income discrimination (SOI discrimination). In spite of the fact that her income is lawfully obtained through a federal voucher program that has operated since the 1970s, landlords and real estate agents fail to make rental units available to prospective tenants like Nina because of how she plans to pay her rent. The FHA protects against discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status and disability in the sale or rental of properties. However, it does not include a protection against SO discrimination, discrimination that is often conducted so openly that it may be difficult to view it at first as a form of discrimination, but like other forms of discrimination, SO discrimination is a significant obstacle to minorities and people with disabilities searching for housing. While landlords may openly refuse prospective tenants based on their status as voucher holders or recipients of public assistance, denial in such cases maybe a thinly veiled means of rejecting tenants on the basis of race, familial status or disability.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011)
Situating Feminism, Patent Law, and the Public Domain
Creators: name: Foster, Laura A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2011

description: Both critical intellectual property studies and feminist legal scholarship seldom address the gendered dimensions of patent law or its implications for women and women’s rights. This lack of attention raises awareness of the need to broaden our approach to studies of patent law and the public domain. During recent fieldwork in South Africa, I began to consider patent law as a feminist site of inquiry and to think through the difficulties of such an examination. Khomani San women in the northern Cape express concerns over the patenting of biological and genetic materials derived from their indigenous traditional knowledge. Maintaining control over their knowledge and resources is important for feeding their families and safeguarding their intellectual histories and heritage as female plant gatherers. The Khomani San peoples are currently engaged in political struggles against patent law and the ownership of their indigenous knowledge, but such organizing has not been explicitly gender-based. Although some Khomani San women articulate patent law as a women’s rights issue, other women in the community consider issues of patent law to be gender-neutral. Concerns arising from patent ownership of indigenous knowledge are also not the main priority. Khomani San women committed to gender-based political organizing explain the difficulties of mobilizing and educating indigenous San women in their communities. Political organizing takes money and resources, and San communities are spread out over great distances within South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, making meetings difficult to arrange. Issues of patent law are also not as significant or pressing as the material conditions of domestic violence, substance abuse, and poverty facing San women and their families right now. Thus, Khomani San men and women are involved in struggles against patent law, yet their political work does not explicitly address the connections between patent ownership and gendered social relations.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 20 No. 1 (2011)
Liasis undetermined
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Pythonidae
Liasis
Liasis undetermined

description: * Liasis sp. verw. mit maculosus Pet.
Australia v. F M. [1]
Gruben im ersten supralabiale und im achten bis eilften infra labiale. Kopfschilder: 2 praefrontalia, 2 postfrontalia, 2 frontoparietalia, l parietale (verticale), 2 occipitalia, 2 supraocularia.. Temporalia zahlreich. Die oecipitalia, sehr kurz, aber breit. Eine knopfförmige Schuppe an der Stelle, wo das parietale mit den frontoparietalien und postfrentalien zusammenstösst. — Nasale nach hinten mit Schlitz. — Frenalia. 2, darunter noch ein ganz kleiner. Supralab. 10 (5 u. 6 ans Auge); infralab. 14, die 6 ersten bandförmig. Praeoculare 1, postocularia 3. Sämmtliche subcaudalia getheilt. Schuppen in 43 Reihen. 267 + 1 + 44/ ₂. — Gesammtlänge 33 cm., wovon Schwanz 3 ¹/₂.
Oberseite gelbbraun mit dunkelm Netzwerk, Unterseite einfärbig gelb. Labialia alle in der vordern Hälfte dunkel, hinten gelb. Vom Auge zum Maulwinkel ein dunkles Band. In Beschilderung und Zeichnung des Oberkopfs der L. maculosus sehr ähnlich, weicht ab namentlich in der Beschilderung der Frenalgegend. Wahrscheinlich der erwähnten Art angehörend.
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 677, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Campaign Summary Report - Continuous Plankton Recorder deployments along the Brazil and South Africa (BSA) survey line in October 2021
Creators: name: Johns, David
name: Gregory, Lance
name: Wilson, David
name: Muxagata, Eric
name: Worship, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: MS9 First tow of the Continuous Plankton Recorder as part of the AtlantECO project, towing between Brazil and South Africa. This took place using the LODUR, IMO: 9219381 MMSI:3045040000 CALL SIGN: V2CY. Whilst the CPR Survey has towed over 7 million nautical miles, and been running for over 90 years, this is the first tow in the area, collecting pelagic phyto and zooplankton, using a standard device – making it comparable to the all previously collected CPR data. CPR samples were landed in South Africa, and are being transported to Brazil, where they will be analysed by the team at FURG.
Adaptive versus non-adaptive strategies for quantum channel discrimination
Creators: name: Harrow, Aram W.
name: Hassidim, Avinatan
name: Leung, Debbie W.
name: Watrous, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a simple example that illustrates the advantage of adaptive over non-adaptive strategies for quantum channel discrimination. In particular, we give a pair of entanglement-breaking channels that can be perfectly discriminated by means of an adaptive strategy that requires just two channel evaluations, but for which no non-adaptive strategy can give a perfect discrimination using any finite number of channel evaluations.
description: 11 pages