cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Montreux Convention and its Importance for International Peace and Security
Creators: name: Antonopoulos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: University of Göttingen
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/01y9bpm73
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Since its conclusion, the Montreux Convention regarding the regime of the Straits (1936) constitutes an important pillar of the international order. This may be proven by many historical events from the 20th century until today: From the application of the Convention in WWII to its recent invocation in the ongoing Ukrainian conflict. The Convention’s significance derives from its subject-matter, the freedom of transit through the Dardanelles/Turkish Straits in regard to the warships and aircraft in time of peace and in time of war. This is a legal analysis of the Montreux Convention under the scope of International Law providing a brief look at the historical background of events that have led to the signature of the Convention, an extensive presentation of the legal framework of its provisions regarding passage of warships and overflight of aircraft, as well as, some thoughts on its importance for the international peace and security.
Improving Acoustic Scene Classification in Low-Resource Conditions
Creators: name: Chen, Zhi
name: Shao, Yun-Fei
name: Ma, Yong
name: Wei, Mingsheng
name: Zhang, Le
name: Zhang, Wei-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Acoustic Scene Classification (ASC) identifies an environment based on an audio signal. This paper explores ASC in low-resource conditions and proposes a novel model, DS-FlexiNet, which combines depthwise separable convolutions from MobileNetV2 with ResNet-inspired residual connections for a balance of efficiency and accuracy. To address hardware limitations and device heterogeneity, DS-FlexiNet employs Quantization Aware Training (QAT) for model compression and data augmentation methods like Auto Device Impulse Response (ADIR) and Freq-MixStyle (FMS) to improve cross-device generalization. Knowledge Distillation (KD) from twelve teacher models further enhances performance on unseen devices. The architecture includes a custom Residual Normalization layer to handle domain differences across devices, and depthwise separable convolutions reduce computational overhead without sacrificing feature representation. Experimental results show that DS-FlexiNet excels in both adaptability and performance under resource-constrained conditions.
description: Copyright 2025 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component
title: Crop contest at the Genetic Diversity Fair (G-Difa)
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Income generation

description: The Genetic Diversity Fair (G-Difa) was first held in 2018, coinciding with the National Congress on Genetic Resources, which included a crop contest. Bananas were selected as the focus crop, since they are widespread throughout Indonesia. Every province through its Regional Commission on Genetic Resources proposed one or more local varieties of bananas originating from their region. A board of judges then evaluated and assessed banana fruits based on several criteria and decided on the winners. This activity aimed to promote crop diversity of local varieties in Indonesia. For the next event in 2020, a different crop will be selected. This event raises awareness on the importance of local genetic resources among the public and benefits the local farming community, since the region from where the crop originated can gain economic benefits from the use and promotion of genetic resources. Lessons learned include that recognition of local varieties can help promote and increase their economic value.
title: Sowing Diversity=Harvesting Security (SD=HS) Program (II) – policy work
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Training
subject: AGROVOC: Capacity Development
subject: AGROVOC: Awareness-raising

description: The Sowing Diversity=Harvesting Security (SD=HS) program is a joint effort of the civil society organization Oxfam, acting as coordinator, and its partners, including NGOs, farmer organizations, public institutions and government agencies. Its objective is to ensure that indigenous peoples and smallholder farmers enjoy their rights and gain capacity to access, develop and use PGRFA to improve food and nutrition security under climate-change conditions. Core component of the SD=HS local-to-global policy work include policy and legal measures that support the implementation of Farmers’ Rights. One key finding is that Farmers’ Rights cannot be realized if the role of farmers’ seed systems is not fully understood and supported by (inter)national policies, legislations and mechanisms. For example, some national seed laws allow only certified seeds of registered varieties to be marketed or exchanged, which negatively affects farmers’ seed systems and ignores opportunities to leverage the skills and entrepreneurship of smallholder seed producers. Establish¬ing legal frameworks that suit the needs and capacities of farmers can enhance the production of quality seed of both modern and traditional varieties and provide a major pathway to increase crop diversity in farmers’ fields, to adapt to climate change and to contribute to several SDGs.
02. Cross-channel diffusion chip.stl
Creators: name: Kim, Yong Tae
name: Ahmadianyazdi, Alireza
name: Folch, Albert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Additive Manufacturing
subject: 90399 Biomedical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: 90301 Biomaterials

description: Digital files in .STL format for 3D-print microfluidic chips.
Projecting global mariculture production and their adaptation pathways under climate change
Creators: name: Oyinlola, Muhammed Alolade
name: Reygondeau, Gabriel
name: Wabnitz, Colette C. C.
name: Frölicher, Thomas L.
name: Lam, Vicky W.Y.
name: Cheung, William W. L.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2025

description: The sustainability of global seafood supply to meet increasing demand is facing several challenges, including increasing consumption levels due to a growing human population, fisheries resources over-exploitation and climate change. Whilst growth in seafood production from capture fisheries is limited, global mariculture production is expanding. However, climate change poses risks to the potential seafood production from mariculture. Here, we apply a global mariculture production model that accounts for changing ocean conditions, suitable marine area for farming, fishmeal and fish oil production, farmed species dietary demand, farmed fish price and global seafood demand to project mariculture production under two climate and socio-economic scenarios. We include 85 farmed marine fish and mollusc species, representing about 70% of all mariculture production in 2015. Results show positive global mariculture production changes by the mid and end of the 21st century relative to the 2000s under the SSP1-2.6 scenario with an increase of 17%±5 and 33%±6, respectively. However, under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, an increase of 8%±5 is projected, with production peaking by mid-century and declining by 16%±5 towards the end of the 21st century. More than 25% of mariculture-producing nations are projected to lose 40%–90% of their current mariculture production potential under SSP5-8.5 by mid-century. Projected impacts are mainly due to the direct ocean warming effects on farmed species and suitable marine areas, and the indirect impacts of changing availability of forage fishes supplies to produce aquafeed. Fishmeal replacement with alternative protein can lower climate impacts on a subset of finfish production. However, such adaptation measures do not apply to regions dominated by non-feed- based farming (i.e. molluscs) and regions losing substantial marine areas suitable for mariculture. Our study highlights the importance of strong mitigation efforts and the need for different climate adaptation options tailored to the diversity of mariculture systems, to support climate-resilient mariculture development.
Coupled minimal models revisited II: Constraints from permutation symmetry
Creators: name: Antunes, António
name: Behan, Connor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling $N$ large $m$ minimal models and flowing to IR fixed points is a systematic way to build new classes of compact unitary 2d CFTs which are likely to be irrational, and potentially have a positive Virasoro twist gap above the vaccuum. In this paper, we build on the construction of [1], establishing that, for spins less than 10, additional currents transforming in non-trivial irreducible representations of the permutation symmetry $S_N$ are not conserved at the IR fixed points. Along the way, we develop a finer understanding of the spectrum of these theories, of the special properties of the $N=4$ case and of non-invertible symmetries that constrain them. We also discuss variations of the original setup of [1] some of which can exist for smaller values of the UV central charge.
description: 35 pages + references, 3 figures, 13 tables; v2: added references, fixed typo, v3: more discussion and code, v4: clarifications, v5: published version
title: Traditional seed exchange
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Access and benefit sharing

description: Between 2001 and 2005, in the frame of in situ conservation project, the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (INIA), together with several governmental and non-governmental organizations, studied traditional seed exchange mechanisms among farmers in the 11 administrative regions comprising 69 communities. The objectives were to identify, describe and document pathways and modalities of seed exchange carried out by farmers who cultivate native crops in these regions. Farmers exchange their seeds mainly during agricultural fairs, patron saint festivities and local markets, but many other seed routes also exist; the frequency of their exchange depends on the situation, for example during catastrophic events, such as droughts, floods or earthquakes. The modalities of exchange range from barter, inheritance, gift, purchase, payment for work, loan to exchange among family members. Through traditional seed exchange, farmers not only acquire seeds, but also knowledge and experiences and establish bonds of friendship between them, which allows them to expand their knowledge by sharing their experiences, e.g. with older farmers. Traditional seed exchange mechanisms are thus an important process for sustaining in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity; it is important to conserve these processes along with the agroecosystems where native crops thrive.
title: Rape-and-Revenge ad absurdum: die Serie „I May Destroy You“
Creators: name: Lange, Mascha Helene
Publisher: name: DuEPublico
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Gesellschaft
subject: Beziehungen
subject: Film
subject: 300

description: In der TV-Serie I May Destroy You (2020) erzählt Michaela Coel die Geschichte von Arabella Essiedu, einer jungen Schwarzen Schriftstellerin in London, die wiederholt Opfer sexualisierter Gewalt wird. Die Serie basiert auf autobiografischen Erfahrungen Coels und ist gerade deshalb so nahegehend, weil in ihr gekonnt und kritisch fiktionale gegen realweltliche Referenzen ausgespielt werden. Im Folgenden sollen insbesondere die Darstellung von sexualisierter Gewalt als systemische Gewalt sowie die innovative Nutzung des Rape-and-Revenge-Topos in der Serie diskutiert werden.
description: blog interdisziplinäre geschlechterforschung
title: Community Seed Banks
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Access and benefit sharing

description: In 2003, Local Initiatives for Biodiversity, Research and Development (LI-BIRD), in collaboration with the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) and Bioversity International, started to establish Community Seed Banks (CSB) with the aim to: (1) promote on-farm conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA; (2) provide easy access to quality seeds and planting materials of diverse crop species and varieties; and (3) promote Farmers' Rights and food sovereignty. Core components include a well-functioning farmers' group/organization; trained human resources/members; properly maintained databases and records; good physical infrastructure; a self-financing mechanism; as well as linkages and collaboration with local and provincial government, national genebank and stakeholders. As a result of the initiative, more than 1000 local varieties of nearly 65 crop species have been conserved on farm by various CSB producing nearly 200 tons of good quality seeds of popular improved varieties and making them available locally to over ten thousand households annually. Key lessons learned include that CSB are not only physical structures nor technical matters, but a group operation requiring empowerment of individual farmers and groups operating the CSB. In addition, self-financing mechanisms are required to ensure sustainability.
title: Conservation of traditional crop varieties
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Training
subject: AGROVOC: Capacity Development
subject: AGROVOC: Awareness-raising

description: There are over 100 Dutch agrobiodiversity initiatives that are concerned with the conservation of traditional crop varieties. The Government of the Netherlands supports these initiatives, focused on the management of Dutch biocultural heritage, through the Centre for Genetic Resources the Netherlands (CGN). The CGN genebank, focusing mainly on vegetables and animal genetic resources, plays an important role in safeguarding genetic resources for the current and future generations of farmers. CGN is engaged in activaities including the development and maintenance of the knowledge-sharing platform ‘the Oerakker’, further development of the ‘Orange List’ for conservation varieties, support for the implementation of European conservation guidelines, regeneration of the last part of ‘Eternal Mash’ collection and its conservation under long-term genebank conditions. Moreover, CGN is involved in communication on biodiversity for better understanding of the conservation of genetic resources and their sustainable use.
MATHEMATICAL  MODELING OF BLOOD VESSEL
Creators: name: Dilafruz Nurjabova
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Abstract. The use of one dimensional model algorithm is an effective approach for analyzing and simulating the behavior of blood vessels. The artery is modelled as an isotropic elastic tube filled with a viscous incompressible fluid representing blood. The flow mechanism of the present study is subjected to a pulsatile pressure gradient owing to the normal functioning of the heart, together with a single cycle of body acceleration.

Key words: blood vessel, one dimensional model, flow dynamics
title: Enhancement and protection of the products of local varieties of the Genova mountains by a consortium of farmers called ‘Consorzio della Quarantina’
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Income generation

description: Local associations can play an important role in the sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. They are particularly relevant in marginal areas to improve crop productivity and facilitate income-generation. The Consorzio della Quarantina is one example resulting from the research and works of scholars since the mid-1980s. Initially, the focus of research work was on recovery of a white-fleshed potato variety (Quarantina bianca), traditionally grown in the mountains of Genova. The Consortium has 39 members, 23 of whom are farmers. Among these, 15 are producers of the Quarantina potato. In addition, the association has two affiliated shops that buy the potatoes directly from the Consortium; and nine collaborating farm guesthouses and ‘Bed & Breakfasts’. Recently, the focus shifted towards developing new varieties obtained from the cultivation of real seed of the Quarantina variety. This project, supported by the Liguria Region, aims at improving the productivity and resistance to Downy mildew of Quarantina potatoes. Comparative trials have been established at nine farms, mainly in the province of Genova; data are collected over a period of six years. This aspect is relevant because it demonstrates how conservation is linked to innovation and how synergies can be created between the perpetuation of tradition and modernity.
title: Seeds of Expertise for the Vegetable Sector of Africa (SEVIA)
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Access and benefit sharing

description: Seeds of Expertise for the Vegetable Sector of Africa (SEVIA) is a private-sector driven project that started in 2013, based on cooperation of two vegetable seed companies (East-West Seed and Rijk Zwaan), a department of Wageningen University and the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In Tanzania, SEVIA collaborates with public and private sector partners, including the Tanzanian Horticulture Association. SEVIA aims to contribute to the development of the vegetable industry in Africa by testing existing genetic resources for Africa and breeding improved African vegetable varieties, and to increasing food security by developing and disseminating adapted technical innovations that enhance productivity and increase farmers’ income. Demonstrations in farmers’ fields are at the ‘heart’ of this project: SEVIA shows farmers – in different regions of Tanzania – how they can improve the cultivation practice, to increase the yield and quality of their vegetable production. SEVIA research has, for example, identified tomato varieties that are resistant to bacterial wilt and discovered that plastic mulch increases yields in cooler conditions and decreases yields in hot conditions.
Islanding Detection for Grid-Integrated Renewable Power Systems using Optimised Multiscale Mathematical Morphology
Creators: name: Wijesekerage, Nirmal Duleepa Samarasekara
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: One of the prominent issues with the connection of renewable power sources to the power grid is islanding. Islanding is a scenario when a utility grid with a renewable power source is disconnected from the power network and its renewable energy source and associated loads become an island.
The research reported in this thesis aims to identify the inadequacy of popular islanding detection methods and introduces a novel Weighted Sum Multiscale Mathematical Morphology Method for islanding detection to improve the detection accuracy and responsiveness. This method has the ability to suppress noise in the input signal and has a zero non detection zone.
title: Swiss Regulation on ‘Niche Varieties’
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Legal Rights
subject: AGROVOC: Farmers' Rights

description: The Regulation on Niche Varieties, established by the amendment of Article 29 of the Regulation on Seed and Planting Material in 2010, has since then been implemented by the Swiss Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG). The objective is to enable the sustainable use of PGRFA and reduce technical barriers for small-scale value chains. Through this measure, small-scale breeders, producer-communities (1-5 farmers), and non-profit organizations (>5 farmers) can save and use seeds of non-commercial varieties. Such ‘niche varieties’ benefit from a simplified procedure for market admission; official variety registration and certification of seeds or planting material are not required. Core components include: (1) authorization of a person / enterprise for marketing of seed other than specified in the general marketing regulation for seed and propagating material; (2) definition and control of the size of the niche (maximum annual amount of seed); and (3) application of plant health control measures. These measures allow for a complementary pathway for seed supply, in addition to the highly formalized system targeting commercial varieties, and has enabled sustainable use and further development of about 40 common vegetable varieties, several old varieties of crops with special characteristics, and even new varieties for specific market segments.
Minimalist Vision with Freeform Pixels
Creators: name: Klotz, Jeremy
name: Nayar, Shree K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A minimalist vision system uses the smallest number of pixels needed to solve a vision task. While traditional cameras use a large grid of square pixels, a minimalist camera uses freeform pixels that can take on arbitrary shapes to increase their information content. We show that the hardware of a minimalist camera can be modeled as the first layer of a neural network, where the subsequent layers are used for inference. Training the network for any given task yields the shapes of the camera's freeform pixels, each of which is implemented using a photodetector and an optical mask. We have designed minimalist cameras for monitoring indoor spaces (with 8 pixels), measuring room lighting (with 8 pixels), and estimating traffic flow (with 8 pixels). The performance demonstrated by these systems is on par with a traditional camera with orders of magnitude more pixels. Minimalist vision has two major advantages. First, it naturally tends to preserve the privacy of individuals in the scene since the captured information is inadequate for extracting visual details. Second, since the number of measurements made by a minimalist camera is very small, we show that it can be fully self-powered, i.e., function without an external power supply or a battery.
description: Project page: https://cave.cs.columbia.edu/projects/categories/project?cid=Computational+Imaging&pid=Minimalist+Vision+with+Freeform+Pixels, published at ECCV 2024
Highlighting Complex Long-Term Succession Pathways in Mixed Forests of the Pacific Northwest: A Markov Chain Modelling Approach
Creators: name: Blanco, Juan A.
name: Lo, Yueh-Hsin
name: Kimmins, J. P.
name: Weber, Adrian
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: Forest succession is an ecological phenomenon that can span centuries. Although the concept of succession was originally formulated as a deterministic sequence of different plant communities by F. Clements more than a century ago, nowadays it is recognized that stochastic events and disturbances play a pivotal role in forest succession. In spite of that, forest maps and management plans around the world are developed and focused on a unique “climax” community, likely due to the difficulty of quantifying alternative succession pathways. In this research, we explored the possibility of developing a Markov Chain model to study multiple pathway succession scenarios in mixed forests of western red cedar, hemlock and Pacific silver fir on northern Vancouver Island (western Canada). We created a transition matrix using the probabilities of change between alternative ecological stages as well as red cedar regeneration. Each ecological state was defined by the dominant tree species and ages. Our results indicate that, compared to the traditional Clementsian, deterministic one-pathway succession model, which is unable to replicate current stand distribution of these forests in the region, a three-pathway stochastic succession model, calibrated by a panel of experts, can mimic the observed landscape distribution among different stand types before commercial logging started in the region. We conclude that, while knowing the difficulty of parameterizing this type of models, their use is needed to recognize that for a given site, there may be multiple “climax” communities and hence forest management should account for them.
Supplementary Figures S1-S6 from Paleogenomic insights into the red complex bacteria Tannerella forsythia in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial individuals from Mexico
Creators: name: Bravo-Lopez, Miriam
name: Villa-Islas, Viridiana
name: Rocha, Carolina
name: Altamirano, Ana B. Villaseñor
name: Guzmán-Solís, Axel
name: Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela
name: Wesp, Julie K.
name: Keitlyn Alcantara
name: Corral, Aurelio López
name: Valdés, Jorge Gómez
name: Mejía, Elizabeth
name: Herrera, Alberto
name: Moreno, Alejandro Meraz
name: Cabrera, Maria De La Luz Moreno
name: Moreno-Estrada, Andrés
name: Nieves-Colón, Maria A.
name: Olvera, Joel
name: Pérez-Pérez, Julia
name: Iversen, Katrine Højholt
name: Rasmussen, Simon
name: Sandoval, Karla
name: Zepeda, Gabriela
name: Ávila-Arcos, María C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: The ‘red complex’ is an aggregate of three oral bacteria (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) responsible for severe clinical manifestation of periodontal disease. Here, we report the first direct evidence of ancient Tannerella forsythia DNA in dentin and dental calculus samples from archaeological skeletal remains that span from Pre-Hispanic to Colonial period in Mexico. We recovered 12 partial ancient T. forsythia genomes and observed a distinct phylogenetic placement of samples, suggesting that the strains present in Pre-Hispanic individuals likely arrived with the first human migrations to the Americas and that new strains were introduced with the arrival of European and African populations in the sixteenth century. We also identified instances of the differential presence of genes between periods in the T. forsythia ancient genomes, with certain genes present in Pre-Hispanic individuals and absent in Colonial individuals, and vice versa. This study highlights the potential for studying ancient T. forsythia genomes to unveil past social interactions through analysis of disease transmission. Our results illustrate the long-standing relationship between this oral pathogen and its human host, while also unveiling key evidence to understand its evolutionary history in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
Remobilization of sterically stabilized silver nanoparticles from farmland soils determined by column leaching
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015

description: The increasing application of silver (Ag)-engineered nanoparticles (ENP) will enhance their release to the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Hence, the retention potential of the sterically stabilized Ag ENP (AgNM-300k, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)) standard material was tested in a sandy Cambisol and in a clay- and silt-rich Luvisol. In addition, the remobilization potential of the same soils spiked with AgNM-300k was investigated in columns after 3 and 92?days of incubation. The AgNM-300k dispersion and the soil solutions were examined with dynamic light scattering (DLS). Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to analyse soils and soil solutions subjected to different digestion and extraction techniques (aqua regia, nitric acid (HNO3) and EDTA (ethylenediamninetetraacetate)). The 24-hour batch test showed a 10-fold greater retention coefficient for AgNM-300k in the silt- and clay-rich Luvisol than in the sandy Cambisol. In addition, all applied extraction techniques indicate a greater potential for mobility of Ag ENP for the sandy Cambisol. However, a small release from the column of AgHNO3 (measured Ag content in the fraction 0.45?Ţm after HNO3 digestion) was observed after 3 as well as after 92?days of incubation for both soils. The largest amount of Ag was released from the Cambisol during the first percolation step (water:soil ratio?=?1?l?kg-1) after the soil was incubated for 3?days. This AgHNO3 release corresponded to approximately 1% of the total amount of Ag in the soil column. The correlation obtained between released AgHNO3 and AlHNO3 suggests that even the Ag released at small concentrations is associated with soil colloids. Thus, hetero-aggregation is a potentially important process controlling retention.Quelle: Verlagsinformation
Description of the samples analyzed in this study and the data obtained from Paleogenomic insights into the red complex bacteria Tannerella forsythia in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial individuals from Mexico
Creators: name: Bravo-Lopez, Miriam
name: Villa-Islas, Viridiana
name: Rocha, Carolina
name: Altamirano, Ana B. Villaseñor
name: Guzmán-Solís, Axel
name: Sandoval-Velasco, Marcela
name: Wesp, Julie K.
name: Keitlyn Alcantara
name: Corral, Aurelio López
name: Valdés, Jorge Gómez
name: Mejía, Elizabeth
name: Herrera, Alberto
name: Moreno, Alejandro Meraz
name: Cabrera, Maria De La Luz Moreno
name: Moreno-Estrada, Andrés
name: Nieves-Colón, Maria A.
name: Olvera, Joel
name: Pérez-Pérez, Julia
name: Iversen, Katrine Højholt
name: Rasmussen, Simon
name: Sandoval, Karla
name: Zepeda, Gabriela
name: Ávila-Arcos, María C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: The ‘red complex’ is an aggregate of three oral bacteria (Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola) responsible for severe clinical manifestation of periodontal disease. Here, we report the first direct evidence of ancient Tannerella forsythia DNA in dentin and dental calculus samples from archaeological skeletal remains that span from Pre-Hispanic to Colonial period in Mexico. We recovered 12 partial ancient T. forsythia genomes and observed a distinct phylogenetic placement of samples, suggesting that the strains present in Pre-Hispanic individuals likely arrived with the first human migrations to the Americas and that new strains were introduced with the arrival of European and African populations in the sixteenth century. We also identified instances of the differential presence of genes between periods in the T. forsythia ancient genomes, with certain genes present in Pre-Hispanic individuals and absent in Colonial individuals, and vice versa. This study highlights the potential for studying ancient T. forsythia genomes to unveil past social interactions through analysis of disease transmission. Our results illustrate the long-standing relationship between this oral pathogen and its human host, while also unveiling key evidence to understand its evolutionary history in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
title: Food Forever Initiative
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Income generation

description: In 2017, the Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust) launched the ‘Food Forever Initiative’ in cooperation with several ‘champions’ from public and private sector. The aim of the initiative is to rally the support necessary from all stakeholders, ranging from politicians, farmers, chefs, businesses, to individuals, to drive positive change in the way we conserve, grow, sell and consume crop and livestock diversity. Specific attention is given to the role of smallholder farmers and how their access to quality seeds and to markets can be improved. ‘Food Forever Champions’ have agreed to join as advocates for this important cause. They are experts and leaders from all walks of life who are driven to speak out about the importance of food diversity. Partners of the initiative contribute, with their work, to implementing SDG Target 2.5, which specifically addresses the need for maintaining genetic diversity of seeds, cultivated plants, farmed and domesticated animals and their related wild species, including through the implementation of related international agreements. Together, the Crop Trust and the Government of the Netherlands provide for the initiative’s secretariat functions. Financial support is provided by the Governments of Germany, Norway, Switzerland and the Netherlands.
Research Landscape on Hidden Workers in Aging Populations: Bibliometric Review
Creators: name: Lee, Sora
name: Kang, Woojin
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 48
subject: Law and legal studies
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: In this study, we employ ‘hidden workers’ as a key concept to integrate the three vulnerable subgroups of aging workers: underemployed, unemployed, and discouraged workers. (1) Background: The challenges faced by underemployed, unemployed, and discouraged workers in the older population are complex. It would be beneficial to visualize the intellectual landscape of these three distinct groups in aging populations to understand which aspects have been highlighted by various disciplines and where gaps exist. (2) Method: Through a scientometric analysis of more than 50 years of research, this study identified the size, scope, and structure of knowledge on hidden workers in an aging population using 2831 articles collected from the Web of Science database in January 2024. (3) Results: Indeed, the multidisciplinary nature of hidden workers goes beyond welfare and labor economics and involves issues such as health, occupational science, behavior change, policy interventions, and circles around the keyword of unemployment. Keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analysis confirm that the spectrum of research on hidden workers is being carried out distinctly within distinct disciplines across the broader aging research horizon. (4) Conclusions: The relatively scattered and uneven intellectual, conceptual, and social landscape of research on hidden workers in aging populations evidently falls short of providing concerted policy recommendations for the population group. This study provides a conceptual understanding of hidden workers in different research clusters and identifies gaps and opportunities for future research.
title: Resilient seed system for climate change adaptation and sustainable livelihoods
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Training
subject: AGROVOC: Capacity Development
subject: AGROVOC: Awareness-raising

description: Since 2018, an initiative of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) has been addressing the unprecedented challenges faced by farmers to deal with changing and variable climates and related crop management problems caused by (new) biotic and abiotic stresses. It builds on previous work of Bioversity International and partners in various countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America and aims to combine and scale, from the local to the global level, successful strategies, methods and tools that increase farmers’ and their communities’ timely availability, affordability and improved access to good-quality seed of a portfolio of crops and crop varieties, including novel ones that are better adapted to climate change. Structured seed legislation is important to guarantee the necessary seed quality to farmers. Core components are: (1) building resilient seed systems, including through seed system characterization, introducing promising crop diversity for climate change, strengthening community seed banks and enterprise development; (2) supportive policies and laws; and (3) national, sub-regional and global networking. Central to the scaling strategy is engagement with the private seed sector and local and national governmental and non-governmental organizations that are well positioned to take up and further develop the tested strategies, methods and tools.
title: Access and benefit sharing: capacity building / support multilateral system
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Funding

description: The Governments of the Netherlands and Iran are co-chairing a dedicated working group under the Treaty (ITPGRFA), to enhance the functioning of the Multilateral System. The group took up its work in 2014; negotiations are focused on increasing user-based payments and contributions to the Treaty’s Benefit-sharing Fund, with the overall objective to enhance the functioning of the Treaty’s Multilateral System of Access and Benefit-sharing for food security and sustainable agriculture. The Working Group currently works on text-based negotiations for the revision of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) for exchanges of crops within the Treaty’s Multilateral System (MLS) (Annex I). At the same time, criteria and options are identified and considered for expansion of the coverage of the scope of the MLS. To reach compromise between the partners (Contracting Parties, private sector, NGO’s and academia), these two processes will need come into force at the same time. A detailed implementation plan to attain the enhanced MLS is under development and will take into account issues related to digital (sequence) information arising from PGRFA and Farmers Rights.
Optimal Design of the Multivariate Synthetic Coefficient of Variation Chart based on Median Run Length
Creators: name: Lim, Victor Yong Cheng
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Control charts have been applied in many areas to improve the quality of goods and services. In this thesis, the optimal design of the synthetic multivariate coefficient of variation (Syn MCV) chart based on the median run length (MRL) is presented. Using the MRL, the 50th percentile of the run length distribution to evaluate the performance of the chart can have some advantages over the traditional performance measure, average run length (ARL). The overall result shows that the Syn MCV chart outperforms the standard MCV chart. Therefore, the Syn MCV chart has greater efficiency in monitoring and controlling processes.
Development and validation of the polycultural identity scale
Creators: name: Virgona, Ariane
name: Ruby, Matthew
name: Kashima, Emiko
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5205
subject: Social and personality psychology

description: Abstract: While globalisation brings opportunities for cultural enrichment, it may also present challenges as individuals attempt to make sense of and integrate fragmented and often conflicting cultural influences into a coherent self‐concept. A qualitative inquiry into contemporary Australians' cultural identity experiences indicated that some people perceive themselves as a product of multiple influences from diverse contacts and learnings, and they mix and reconcile these influences into their self‐concept. Building on this prior work, the current study developed and tested a new quantitative measure of polycultural identity. Using two diverse Australian samples (N = 301; N = 525) recruited from Prolific, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single‐factor structure and a high Cronbach's α among the final 10 items. Correlational analyses revealed that, as expected, the Polycultural Identity Scale (PIS) was more strongly linked with the endorsement of polycultural ideology than multicultural ideology and was uncorrelated with colourblind ideology. Also, as expected, the PIS correlated moderately with generalised identity blendedness, interest in diverse contact and endorsement of global citizenship but not with identity compartmentalisation or generalised identity harmony. The PIS has the potential to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of multifaceted cultural identity and how individuals organise and synthesise a breadth of cultural influences into a meaningful self‐concept.
A Novel Model for Landslide Displacement Prediction Based on EDR Selection and Multi-Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithm
Creators: name: Zhang, Junrong
name: Tang, Huiming
name: Tannant, Dwayne
name: Lin, Chengyuan
name: Xia, Ding
name: Wang, Yankun
name: Wang, Qianyun
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2022

description: With the widespread application of machine learning methods, the continuous improvement of forecast accuracy has become an important task, which is especially crucial for landslide displacement predictions. This study aimed to propose a novel prediction model to improve accuracy in landslide prediction, based on the combination of multiple new algorithms. The proposed new method includes three parts: data preparation, multi-swarm intelligence (MSI) optimization, and displacement prediction. In the data preparation, the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) is adopted to separate the trend and periodic displacements from the observed cumulative landslide displacement. The frequency component and residual component of reconstructed inducing factors that related to landslide movements are also extracted by the CEEMD and t-test, and then picked out with edit distance on real sequence (EDR) as input variables for the support vector regression (SVR) model. MSI optimization algorithms are used to optimize the SVR model in the MSI optimization; thus, six predictions models can be obtained that can be used in the displacement prediction part. Finally, the trend and periodic displacements are predicted by six optimized SVR models, respectively. The trend displacement and periodic displacement with the highest prediction accuracy are added and regarded as the final prediction result. The case study of the Shiliushubao landslide shows that the prediction results match the observed data well with an improvement in the aspect of average relative error, which indicates that the proposed model can predict landslide displacements with high precision, even when the displacements are characterized by stepped curves that under the influence of multiple time-varying factors.
title: Decree-Law 291/2012 Official Gazette of Cuba and Policy on Seeds and Plant Genetic Resources
Creators: name: ITPGRFA Secretariat
Publisher: name: ITPGRFA
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: AGROVOC: Legal Rights
subject: AGROVOC: Farmers' Rights

description: In 2012, the Government of Cuba published Decree-Law 291/2012 on Plant Variety Protection; Article 4 states that the breeder may be a natural or legal person, and that one or more such entities can be holders of rights, including for example agricultural production cooperative(s) or basic unit(s) of cooperative production. This is a form of intellectual property right granted to the breeder(s) of a new plant variety, including participating farmer cooperatives. Furthermore, a Seed Directorate was established in 2011 under the Ministry of Agriculture; its competencies were expanded, leading to the establishment of the Seed and Plant Genetic Resources Directorate in 2015. These changes have motivated a review of the entire legal basis targeting seeds and plant genetic resources in Cuba. The new Seeds and Plant Genetic Resources Policy, reflecting this development, was approved in July 2018; work is currently underway to draft a Decree-Law and regulations to implement the policy and address those articles of the ITPGRFA that have so far not been covered, including Article 9. It can be concluded that work is being done to review and update the legal basis, which will facilitate actions at the national level with support from local governments.
Smouldering combustion in cellulose and hemicellulose mixtures: Examining the roles of density, fuel composition, oxygen concentration, and moisture content
Creators: name: Jayasuriya, W. Jayani
name: Mulky, Tejas Chandrashekhar
name: Niemeyer, Kyle E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plasma Physics
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Smouldering combustion plays a key role in wildfires in forests, grasslands, and peatlands due to its common occurrence in porous fuels like peat and duff. As a consequence, understanding smouldering behaviour in these fuels is crucial. Such fuels are generally composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Here we present an updated computational model for simulating smouldering combustion in cellulose and hemicellulose mixtures. We used this model to examine changes in smouldering propagation speed and peak temperatures with varying fuel composition and density. For a given fuel composition, increases in density decrease the propagation speed and increase mean peak temperature; for a given density, increases in hemicellulose content increase both propagation speed and peak temperature. We also examined the role of natural fuel expansion with the addition of water. Without expansion, addition of moisture content reduces the propagation speed primarily due to increasing (wet) fuel density. However, with fuel expansion similar to that observed in peat, the propagation speed increases due to the overall drop in fuel density. Finally, we studied the influence of fuel composition on critical moisture content of ignition and extinction: mixtures dominated by hemicellulose have 10% higher critical moisture content due to the increase in peak temperature.