cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Does a guaranteed basic income encourage entrepreneurship? evidence from Alaska
Creators: name: Feinberg, Robert
name: Kuehn, Daniel
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: While the concept has been around for years, recently the policy notion of a “guaranteed basic income” (GBI)—or universal basic income—has had a resurgence of interest. In addition to rationales that relate to fairness and response to structural employment shifts due to automation and globalization, another motivation that is sometimes put forward for these plans is to encourage risk-taking by providing a safety net: There would be greater entrepreneurial activity if an unsuccessful entrepreneur had the GBI to fall back on. In this paper we investigate a rare long-standing example similar to a GBI in the US: the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend program. This was not put forth as a GBI, and the annual amount is too small to allow an individual to rely fully on these funds; but for a moderate-to-large family the APF can replace a large share of a poverty-level income. Receipt of the APF also does not preclude a family from receiving other safety net benefits—food stamps, unemployment compensation—which suggests that the downside risk for a potential entrepreneur may be lower than in other US states. We initially examine trends in small-firm births in Alaska over time from the Census Bureau’s Business Dynamics Statistics 1977–2014—before and after the institution of the APF program (the first payment was in 1982)—relative to other US states to investigate a possible impact on entrepreneurship; the results suggest a positive effect—which appears to dissipate over time. We then turn to micro data from the Current Population Survey to examine changes in self-employment behavior in Alaska, with somewhat similar findings.
The dependence on environment of the color-magnitude relation of galaxies
Creators: name: Hogg, David W.
name: Blanton, Michael R.
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Schlegel, David J.
name: Gunn, James E.
name: McKay, Timothy A.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Bahcall, Neta A.
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Meiksin, Avery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution in color and absolute magnitude is presented for 55,158 galaxies taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in the redshift range $0.08
description: submitted to ApJL
Protocol to assess the levels of evidence supporting clinical practice guidelines in physical medicine and rehabilitation
Creators: name: Daste, Camille
name: Boutron, Isabelle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The objective will be to determine the level of evidence (LOE) supporting current major guidelines recommendations in rehabilitation and their changes over the last decades with a focus on the leading cause of disability in adult population, according to the global burden of disease.
Heterosignum Gamo
Creators: name: Shimomura, M
name: Mawatari, SF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Paramunnidae
Heterosignum

description: Genus Heterosignum Gamô, char. emend.
 Type species. Heterosignum mutsuensis Gamô, 1976: 39–45, gures 2, 3.
 Diagnosis
Body elongate oval, with some dorsal and lateral setae, with a distinct waist between pereonites 4 and 5 resulting in clear distinction between pereonites 1–4 and 5–7. Head with a convex anterior margin. Some or all pereonites with single lateral spine-like processes. Coxal plates invisible in dorsal view on all pereonites. Eyestalks long, with a few ommatidia on their apex. Uropod biramous, lacking peduncle, inserted marginally on pleotelson. Pleon with two segments; pleotelson anteriorly narrow, cylindrical, posteriorly bulbous, with some teeth on lateral margin. Antenna 2 shorter than body length: article 3 elongate, longer than broad. Mandible without palp: molar process large, cylindrical, distally truncate, with irregular teeth on grinding surface.
description: Published as part of Shimomura, M & Mawatari, SF, 2002, A revision of Heterosignum (Asellota, Isopoda, Paramunnidae) with descriptions of three new species, pp. 2103-2126 in Journal of Natural History 36 (17) on page 2104, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110088734, http://zenodo.org/record/4748152
Illiberal civil society in Russia, 1985-2002
Creators: name: Grek, Ivan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Conventional interpretations of civil society tend to present horizontal associations as an exclusively liberal phenomenon. Drawing on the alternative theory of “Bad” Civil Society, which argues that civil society is a variable that can be both liberal and illiberal, this research tackles the problem of understudied illiberal horizontal associations in Russia by conducting the first systematic empirical investigation of the emergence of conservative civil society network in the late 1980s – early 1990s. This research indicates that since the 1980s, middle and upper-middle class citizens started to engage the Russian Orthodox Church and regional politicians in the creation of a variety of conservative civic organizations such as the Russian Zemstvo Movement, the Foundation of St. Andrew, Golden Vityaz’, and others. After the collapse of the USSR, these networks promoted a resurrection of Orthodox values and helped to build the foundation of new political Russian conservatism through many projects from school reforms to influencing Russian Constitution and legislation. This powerful network infiltrated the top Russian elites and the Kremlin before Vladimir Putin came to power. My research tracks how Putin and his allies engaged with this preexisting illiberal civil society and ultimately drew on its ideas and tapped into its networks for support. However, as Putin centralised power, his administration increasingly came into conflict with this strongly federalist movement, causing bitter resentments among the leaders and members of these organisations. While there are dozens of excellent studies of liberal civil society in post-Soviet Russia and a promising emerging wave of history of the 1990s, this dissertation is be the first comprehensive study of illiberal civil society. As such it will help to explain the rise and persistence of illiberal politics in Russia. My research will also help to understand the rise of illiberal politics in former Socialist states. As illiberalism spreads through countries like Poland and Hungary, once considered bulwarks of liberal civil society, I hope that my study will be of interest to everyone trying to understand the potentialities of liberalism and illiberalism in post-communist societies.
No-gap second-order optimality conditions for optimal control of a non-smooth quasilinear elliptic equation
Creators: name: Clason, Christian
name: Nhu, Vu Huu
name: Rösch, Arnd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with second-order optimality conditions for a quasilinear elliptic control problem with a nonlinear coefficient in the principal part that is countably $PC^2$ (continuous and $C^2$ apart from countably many points). We prove that the control-to-state operator is continuously differentiable even though the nonlinear coefficient is non-smooth. This enables us to establish "no-gap" second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions in terms of an abstract curvature functional, i. e., for which the sufficient condition only differs from the necessary one in the fact that the inequality is strict. A condition that is equivalent to the second-order sufficient optimality condition and could be useful for error estimates in, e.g., finite element discretizations is also provided.
More on the gauge-fixed D3-brane action with dilaton-axion coupling from N=1 superspace
Creators: name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge-fixed action of a `spacetime-filling' D3-brane with dilaton-axion coupling is formulated in N=1 superspace. We investigate its symmetries by paying special attention to a possible non-linearly realized extra (hidden) supersymmetry, and emphasize the need of a linear superfield coupled to an abelian Chern-Simons superfield to represent a dilaton-axion supermultiplet in the off-shell manifestly supersymmetric approach.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, minor improvements in sect.3
Quantum Integrable Systems from Supergroup Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Chen, Heng-Yu
name: Kimura, Taro
name: Lee, Norton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note, we establish several interesting connections between the supergroup gauge theories and the super integrable systems, i.e. gauge theories with supergroups as their gauge groups and integrable systems defined on superalgebras. In particular, we construct the super-characteristic polynomials of super-Toda lattice and elliptic double Calogero-Moser system by considering certain orbifolded instanton partition functions of their corresponding supergroup gauge theories. We also derive an exotic generalization of sl(2) XXX spin chain arising from the instanton partition function of SQCD with supergauge group, and study its Bethe ansatz equation.
description: 39 pages, 2 tables, fixed typo
Transvaginal Ultrasound Measurement of the Uterocervical Angle for Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Creators: name: Kulwadee Kitipoonwongwanid
Publisher: name: PIMDEE Co., Ltd.
Year: 2021
Subjects: cervical length
preterm birth
transvaginal ultrasound
uterocervical angle

description: Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 29, 2, 112-119
Does a guaranteed basic income encourage entrepreneurship? evidence from Alaska
Creators: name: Feinberg, Robert
name: Kuehn, Daniel
Publisher: name: Review of Industrial Organization
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services

description: While the concept has been around for years, recently the policy notion of a “guaranteed basic income” (GBI)—or universal basic income—has had a resurgence of interest. In addition to rationales that relate to fairness and response to structural employment shifts due to automation and globalization, another motivation that is sometimes put forward for these plans is to encourage risk-taking by providing a safety net: There would be greater entrepreneurial activity if an unsuccessful entrepreneur had the GBI to fall back on. In this paper we investigate a rare long-standing example similar to a GBI in the US: the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend program. This was not put forth as a GBI, and the annual amount is too small to allow an individual to rely fully on these funds; but for a moderate-to-large family the APF can replace a large share of a poverty-level income. Receipt of the APF also does not preclude a family from receiving other safety net benefits—food stamps, unemployment compensation—which suggests that the downside risk for a potential entrepreneur may be lower than in other US states. We initially examine trends in small-firm births in Alaska over time from the Census Bureau’s Business Dynamics Statistics 1977–2014—before and after the institution of the APF program (the first payment was in 1982)—relative to other US states to investigate a possible impact on entrepreneurship; the results suggest a positive effect—which appears to dissipate over time. We then turn to micro data from the Current Population Survey to examine changes in self-employment behavior in Alaska, with somewhat similar findings.
Illiberal civil society in Russia, 1985-2002
Creators: name: Grek, Ivan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: Conventional interpretations of civil society tend to present horizontal associations as an exclusively liberal phenomenon. Drawing on the alternative theory of “Bad” Civil Society, which argues that civil society is a variable that can be both liberal and illiberal, this research tackles the problem of understudied illiberal horizontal associations in Russia by conducting the first systematic empirical investigation of the emergence of conservative civil society network in the late 1980s – early 1990s. This research indicates that since the 1980s, middle and upper-middle class citizens started to engage the Russian Orthodox Church and regional politicians in the creation of a variety of conservative civic organizations such as the Russian Zemstvo Movement, the Foundation of St. Andrew, Golden Vityaz’, and others. After the collapse of the USSR, these networks promoted a resurrection of Orthodox values and helped to build the foundation of new political Russian conservatism through many projects from school reforms to influencing Russian Constitution and legislation. This powerful network infiltrated the top Russian elites and the Kremlin before Vladimir Putin came to power. My research tracks how Putin and his allies engaged with this preexisting illiberal civil society and ultimately drew on its ideas and tapped into its networks for support. However, as Putin centralised power, his administration increasingly came into conflict with this strongly federalist movement, causing bitter resentments among the leaders and members of these organisations. While there are dozens of excellent studies of liberal civil society in post-Soviet Russia and a promising emerging wave of history of the 1990s, this dissertation is be the first comprehensive study of illiberal civil society. As such it will help to explain the rise and persistence of illiberal politics in Russia. My research will also help to understand the rise of illiberal politics in former Socialist states. As illiberalism spreads through countries like Poland and Hungary, once considered bulwarks of liberal civil society, I hope that my study will be of interest to everyone trying to understand the potentialities of liberalism and illiberalism in post-communist societies.
THE MAIN ASPECTS  OF CULTURE BUMP AND ITS        IMPORTANT ROLE
Creators: name: Abduvaliyeva Farangizxon Salohiddin qizi Student of Fergana State University
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The impact of a cultural difference on perceptions is largely explained by the culture bump idea. The discovery of the connection between the two distinctions and the resulting impression gave rise to the culture bump stages, a particular method for recognizing and utilizing cultural differences.

KEY WORDS: cultural differences, culture bump, emotional component,culture-free conversation.
Combining neutrino experimental light-curves for pointing to the next Galactic Core-Collapse Supernova
Creators: name: Coleiro, Alexis
name: Molla, Marta Colomer
name: Dornic, Damien
name: Lincetto, Massimiliano
name: Kulikovskiy, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-messenger observation of the next galactic core-collapse supernova will shed light on the different physical processes involved in these energetic explosions. Good timing and pointing capabilities of neutrino detectors would help in the search for an electromagnetic or gravitational-wave counterparts. An approach for the determination of the arrival time delay of the neutrino signal at different experiments using a direct detected neutrino light-curve matching is discussed. A simplified supernova model and detector simulation are used for its application. The arrival time delay and its uncertainty between two neutrino detectors are estimated with chi-square and cross-correlation methods. The direct comparison of the detected light-curves offers the advantage to be model-independent. Millisecond time resolution on the arrival time delay at two different detectors is needed. Using the computed time delay between different combinations of currently operational and future detectors, a triangulation method is used to infer the supernova localisation in the sky. The combination of IceCube, Hyper-Kamiokande, JUNO and KM3NeT/ARCA provides a 90% confidence area of 140$\pm$20 deg$^2$. These low-latency analysis methods can be implemented in the SNEWS alert system.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables, corresponding authors: Marta Colomer Molla and Vladimir Kulikovskiy
Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology
Creators: name: Mammola, Stefano
name: Amorim, Isabel R.
name: Bichuette, Maria E.
name: Borges, Paulo A.V.
name: Cheeptham, Naowarat
name: Cooper, Steven J.B.
name: Culver, David C.
name: Deharveng, Louis
name: Eme, David
name: Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
name: Fišer, Cene
name: Fišer, Ziga
name: Fong, Daniel
name: Griebler, Christian
name: Jeffery, William R.
name: Jugovic, Jure
name: Kowalko, Johanna E.
name: Lilley, Thomas M.
name: Malard, Florian
name: Manenti, Raoul
name: Martínez, Alejandro
name: Meierhofer, Melissa B.
name: Niemiller, Matthew L.
name: Northup, Diana E.
name: Pellegrini, Thais G.
name: Pipan, Tanja
name: Protas, Meredith
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P.S.
name: Venarsky, Michael P.
name: Wynne, J. Judson
name: Zagmajster, Maja
name: Cardoso, Pedro
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of ‘horizon scanning’ to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
title: On the genealogy of the American millennial ideal: a celebrity case study of neoliberal feminism in the 21st century
Creators: name: Rahali, Miriam A.
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2021

description: This dissertation is motivated by the question that asks how the ideal Millennial constituent is produced, and reproduced, in American society as a response to crisis. The interrelated social, economic and political crises of the 21st century have had profound implications for the Millennial generation, and this study aims to show that traditional markers of adulthood have not become delayed for the Millennials who conform to the ideals espoused by the neoliberal social contract. I posit that the contemporary social contract is gendered, and as such, neoliberal feminism is the central framework through which I theorize the feminine ideal. I draw on the key tenets of neoliberal feminism (independence, self-actualization and self-reinvention) to guide the coding frame of my textual analysis. Using multimodal analysis, I examine the ideal Millennial’s discursive construction across three intensely mediated and highly popular feminine subjects – Taylor Swift, Beyoncé Knowles Carter and Kim Kardashian – because I seek to examine the values and expectations that have been most widely conveyed by the celebrities whose public platform offers a model of how to prosper in a society where success is predicated on the logic of neoliberalism. My three empirical cases shed light on American feminism’s ideal constituent, as she is gendered, raced and classed, and offer a way to interrogate how popular discourses participate in larger cultural and societal conversations about the world that the Millennial woman is not only inheriting, but also responding to. Despite political and economic upheaval, my findings indicate that neoliberal feminism is being reproduced through the responses that incorporate the very same logics that reactivate and extend the ideology; as such, the results of my empirical analysis further validate scholarship delineating neoliberalism’s symbiotic relationship with feminism. My findings also suggest that in a social climate of economic fragility and political instability, patterns of entrepreneurship, adaptability and resilience are foregrounded. Discourses of the American Millennial ideal type, as constituted by my celebrity cases, suggest making a name for oneself in spite of difficulty, becoming not only the product of, but also a targeted response to the gendered crises of education, work and reproduction. For a generation that is not only struggling to find its identity, but is also facing a profound lack of security in linear progress and mobility, the narrative of success constructed by my three cases offers the blueprint of a solution.
An Overview of Bean Production Practices, Varietal Preferences, and Consumption Patterns in the Milpa System of the Guatemalan Highlands: Results of a Farm Household Survey
Creators: name: DeYoung, David J.
name: Reyes, Byron
name: Osorno, Juan
name: Mejia, Gustavo
name: Villatoro, Julio Cesar
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
name: DeYoung, David J.
name: Reyes, Byron
name: Osorno, Juan
name: Mejia, Gustavo
name: Villatoro, Julio Cesar
name: Maredia, Mywish K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Phaseolus coccineus
subject: Phaseolus
subject: Phaseolus vulgaris
subject: black beans
subject: climbing beans
subject: agricultural products
subject: cropping systems
subject: seed systems
subject: indigenous peoples
subject: Guatemala

description: The study of climbing bean farmers in five departments of the Altiplano region (a.k.a. western highlands) of Guatemala confirms the importance of beans as a crop for own consumption in the study area. On average, households planted 0.4 hectares with beans in the study region. Beans, planted as part of the traditional intercropped system called Milpa, are most commonly planted simultaneously (or directly) with corn, while relay (Milpa-relevo) was a second common planting method in the study area. In terms of area planted, most farmers ranked beans as either the first or second most important crop. The majority of farmers do not sell harvested grain. Indeed, for 47% of households, their own bean production is sufficient to cover 6 months or less of annual household bean consumption; beyond which they rely on purchased beans to fill their consumption needs. Bean consumption among households in this region is the highest soon after harvest (often between October and January) and lowest in July, August and September. The study confirms that men and women farmers have slightly different preferences for bean seed varietal traits and women are willing to pay $0.16 more for bean seed of varieties with their preferred traits than men. On average, farmers indicated they are willing to pay only a 10% premium for bean seed of a preferred variety over the price of grain. Thus, any efforts to increase the use of new improved varieties of beans to promote productivity growth in this region will need to be based on subsidized seed dissemination efforts to make the seeds affordable by smallholder farmers in the western highlands of Guatemala.
Eptinezumab: First Approval
Creators: name: Sohita Dhillon
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Compliance with Ethical Standards
Disclosure: The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding.
Conflict of interest: During the peer review process the manufacturer of the agent under review was offered an opportunity to comment on the article. Changes resulting from any comments received were made by the authors on the basis of scientific completeness and accuracy. Sohita Dhillon is a contracted employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, is responsible for the article content and declares no relevant conflicts of interest.
Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.

AbstractEptinezumab-jjmr (referred to as eptinezumab hereafter; Vyepti™) is a humanised monoclonal antibody that binds to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and blocks its binding to the receptor. CGRP is believed to play a major role in the pathophysiology of migraine. Eptinezumab, delivered by intravenous (IV) administration, is being developed by Lundbeck Seattle BioPharmaceuticals for the prevention of migraine. In February 2020, eptinezumab was approved in the USA for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of eptinezumab leading to this first approval.

© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Boundary Conditions of the Hydro-Cascade Model and Relativistic Kinetic Equations for Finite Domains
Creators: name: Bugaev, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed analysis of the coupled relativistic kinetic equations for two domains separated by a hypersurface having both space- and time-like parts is presented. Integrating the derived set of transport equations, we obtain the correct system of the hydro+cascade equations to model the relativistic nuclear collision process. Remarkably, the conservation laws on the boundary between domains conserve separately both the incoming and outgoing components of energy, momentum and baryonic charge. Thus, the relativistic kinetic theory generates twice the number of conservation laws compared to traditional hydrodynamics. Our analysis shows that these boundary conditions between domains, the three flux discontinuity, can be satisfied only by a special superposition of two cut-off distribution functions for the ``out'' domain. All these results are applied to the case of the phase transition between quark gluon plasma and hadronic matter. The possible consequences for an improved hydro+cascade description of the relativistic nuclear collisions are discussed. The unique properties of the three flux discontinuity and their effect on the space-time evolution of the transverse expansion are also analyzed. The possible modifications of both transversal radii from pion correlations generated by a correct hydro+cascade approach are discussed.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology
Creators: name: Mammola, Stefano
name: Amorim, Isabel R.
name: Bichuette, Maria E.
name: Borges, Paulo A.V.
name: Cheeptham, Naowarat
name: Cooper, Steven J.B.
name: Culver, David C.
name: Deharveng, Louis
name: Eme, David
name: Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
name: Fišer, Cene
name: Fišer, Ziga
name: Fong, Daniel
name: Griebler, Christian
name: Jeffery, William R.
name: Jugovic, Jure
name: Kowalko, Johanna E.
name: Lilley, Thomas M.
name: Malard, Florian
name: Manenti, Raoul
name: Martínez, Alejandro
name: Meierhofer, Melissa B.
name: Niemiller, Matthew L.
name: Northup, Diana E.
name: Pellegrini, Thais G.
name: Pipan, Tanja
name: Protas, Meredith
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P.S.
name: Venarsky, Michael P.
name: Wynne, J. Judson
name: Zagmajster, Maja
name: Cardoso, Pedro
Publisher: name: Cambridge Philosophical Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well-established methodology of ‘horizon scanning’ to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top-priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis-driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.
VioPet Dossier General
Creators: name: Querol, Nuria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170105 Gender Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: VioPet es un programa que acoge temporal o definitivamente a los animales domésticos de víctimas de la violencia familiar. Esta iniciativa surge desde GEVHA (Grupo para el Estudio de la Violencia hacia Humanos y Animales) y el Observatorio de Violencia Hacia los Animales a partir de la relación establecida entre la violencia hacia animales y humanos y debido a la desprotección de las víctimas humanas que sufren este fenómeno. En muchas ocasiones, los animales que conviven en un hogar violento son utilizados como herramienta de amenaza y/o coacción per parte de la persona maltratadora contra la víctima. El animal se convierte en objeto de venganza o control sobre la pareja, hijos u otras personas del entorno familiar. Por este motivo, en el caso de la violencia de género, la víctima retarda su marcha del hogar por miedo a las represalias que pueda sufrir el animal. Incluso, se niegan a ir a casas de acogida para mujeres ya que no se permite la entrada de animales. Hay que tener en cuenta que el animal suele ser un importante apoyo emocional para a la víctima y no quieren separarse de él.
Suppression of superconductivity in granular metals
Creators: name: Beloborodov, I. S.
name: Lopatin, A. V.
name: Vinokur, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the suppression of the superconducting transition temperature due to Coulomb repulsion in granular metallic systems at large tunneling conductance between the grains, $g_{T}\gg 1$. We find the correction to the superconducting transition temperature for 3$D$ granular samples and films. We demonstrate that depending on the parameters of superconducting grains, the corresponding granular samples can be divided into two groups: (i) the granular samples that belong to the first group may have only insulating or superconducting states at zero temperature depending on the bare intergranular tunneling conductance $g_T$, while (ii) the granular samples that belong to the second group in addition have an intermediate metallic phase where superconductivity is suppressed while the effects of the Coulomb blockade are not yet strong.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Fractional flux periodicity of a twisted planar square lattice
Creators: name: Sasaki, K.
name: Kawazoe, Y.
name: Saito, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present fractional flux periodicity in the ground state of planar systems made of a square lattice whose boundary is compacted into a torus. The ground-state energy shows a fractional period of the fundamental unit of magnetic flux depending on the twist around the torus axis.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, corrected typos (v3)
Will social marketing fight for Black lives? an open letter to the field
Creators: name: Grier, Sonya
name: Poole, Sonja Martin
Publisher: name: Social Marketing Quarterly
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services
classificationCode: 3506
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Social Marketing Quarterly, Volume 26, Issue 4, Pages 378 - 387, December 2020.
Comparative notes on the context of reception and immigrant entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso, Barcelona, and Paris
Creators: name: Castaneda-Tinoco, Ernesto
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The chapter provides a comparison of immigrant businesses in different cities in the United States and Europe. The chapter draws from several projects conducted by the author. It compares small ethnic businesses in various neighborhoods in order to discuss general patterns and specific arrangements between immigrants and the rate and type of ventures that they start. This chapter shows how the way that different city governments and civil society receive and treat immigrants impacts their entrepreneurial behavior. One should be careful when generalizing about the innate business ability or the propensity of a particular race or ethnicity to engage in commerce or entrepreneurship. It also shows how often storefronts do not necessarily map with the majority of people living in a street or neighborhood.
Are smart home devices abandoning IPV victims?
Creators: name: Alshehri, Ahmed
name: Salem, Malek Ben
name: Ding, Lei
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Smart home devices have brought us many benefits such as advanced security, convenience, and entertainment. However, these devices also have made unintended consequences like giving ultimate power for devices' owners over their intimate partners in the same household which might lead to tech-facilitated domestic abuse (tech-abuse) as recent research has shown. In this paper, we systematize findings on tech-abuse in smart homes. We show that domestic abuse and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) in smart homes is more effective and less risky for abusers. Victims find it more harmful and more challenging to protect themselves from. We articulate a comprehensive analysis of all the phases of abuse in smart homes and categorize risks and needs in each phase by designing a unified analytical framework. Technical analysis of current smart home technologies is conducted to shed light upon their limitations. We also summarize recent recommendations to combat tech-abuse in smart homes and focus on their potentials and shortcomings. Unsurprisingly, we find that many recommendations conflict with each other due to a lack of understanding of phases of abuse in smart homes. Desirable properties to design abuse-resistant smart home devices are proposed for all the phases of abuse. The research community benefits from our analysis and recommendations to move forward with a focus on filling the blind spots of existing smart home devices' safety measures and building appropriate safety measures that consider tech-abuse threats in smart homes.
a1v1n1_09032020_02_art.pdf
Creators: name: Buendia, Enrique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Sports biomechanics and exercise physiology play an important role in the design of specific training programs. The prescription of resistance exercise intensity is generally based on maximum repetition (RM) or a percentage of 1RM. The 1 RM test is a very intense test, not recommended at all for beginners and / or children, where other methods of estimating maximum force should be used. Considering individualization, the objective is to create specific mathematical models to estimate the 1RM, in this case for a group of defenders of the selective soccer BUAP in the city of Puebla
PRÍRUČKA RELEASE
Creators: name: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Táto príručka vychádza z údajov zozbieraných počas celého trvania projektu RELEASE, najmä zo skúseností zúčastnených odborníkov z praxe, ktoré odzneli na podujatiach zorganizovaných v rámci projektu. Cieľové skupiny pochádzali z rôznych prostredí (sudcovia, prokurátori a advokáti), čo umožnilo zhromaždiť a zostaviť prierezovú panorámu osvedčených postupov a nedostatkov. Príručka teda vychádza z rôznych názorov a uhľov pohľadu, čo prispeje k lepšiemu pochopeniu toho, ako možno alternatívne opatrenia uplatňovať na vnútroštátnej úrovni, a zároveň sa tým uľahčí vzájomné porozumenie a spolupráca medzi rôznymi odborníkmi. Spoločným cieľom je, aby sa inštitút väzby využíval ako krajné opatrenie.
Limitations of the adiabatic approximation to the gravitational self-force
Creators: name: Pound, Adam
name: Poisson, Eric
name: Nickel, Bernhard G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A small body moving in the field of a much larger black hole and subjected to its own gravity moves on an accelerated world line in the background spacetime of the large black hole. The acceleration is produced by the body's gravitational self-force, which is constructed from the body's retarded gravitational field. The adiabatic approximation to the gravitational self-force is obtained instead from the half-retarded minus half-advanced field; it is known to produce the same dissipative effects as the true self-force. We argue that the adiabatic approximation is limited, because it discards important conservative terms which lead to the secular evolution of some orbital elements. We argue further that this secular evolution has measurable consequences; in particular, it affects the phasing of the orbit and the phasing of the associated gravitational wave. Our argument rests on a simple toy model involving a point electric charge moving slowly in the weak gravitational field of a central mass; the charge is also subjected to its electromagnetic self-force. In this simple context the true self-force is known explicitly and it can cleanly be separated into conservative and radiation-reaction pieces. We observe that the conservative part of the self-force produces a secular regression of the orbit's periapsis. We explain how the conclusions reached on the basis of the toy model can be extended to the gravitational self-force, and to fast motions and strong fields. While the limitations of the adiabatic approximation are quite severe in a post-Newtonian context in which the motion is slow and the gravitational field weak, they appear to be less so for rapid motions and strong fields.
description: 8 pages, 1 colour figure, final version to be published in Physical Review D
Comparative notes on the context of reception and immigrant entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso, Barcelona, and Paris
Creators: name: Castaneda-Tinoco, Ernesto
Publisher: name: Urban Book Series
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: The chapter provides a comparison of immigrant businesses in different cities in the United States and Europe. The chapter draws from several projects conducted by the author. It compares small ethnic businesses in various neighborhoods in order to discuss general patterns and specific arrangements between immigrants and the rate and type of ventures that they start. This chapter shows how the way that different city governments and civil society receive and treat immigrants impacts their entrepreneurial behavior. One should be careful when generalizing about the innate business ability or the propensity of a particular race or ethnicity to engage in commerce or entrepreneurship. It also shows how often storefronts do not necessarily map with the majority of people living in a street or neighborhood.
Structured Prediction with Partial Labelling through the Infimum Loss
Creators: name: Cabannes, Vivien
name: Rudi, Alessandro
name: Bach, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; G.3
subject: 68Q32

description: Annotating datasets is one of the main costs in nowadays supervised learning. The goal of weak supervision is to enable models to learn using only forms of labelling which are cheaper to collect, as partial labelling. This is a type of incomplete annotation where, for each datapoint, supervision is cast as a set of labels containing the real one. The problem of supervised learning with partial labelling has been studied for specific instances such as classification, multi-label, ranking or segmentation, but a general framework is still missing. This paper provides a unified framework based on structured prediction and on the concept of infimum loss to deal with partial labelling over a wide family of learning problems and loss functions. The framework leads naturally to explicit algorithms that can be easily implemented and for which proved statistical consistency and learning rates. Experiments confirm the superiority of the proposed approach over commonly used baselines.
description: 8 pages for main paper, 27 with main paper, 13 figures, 3 tables
The Effect of Government Policy on Flue-Cured Tobacco Yields
Creators: name: Foster, William E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Foster, William E.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Political Economy
subject: Nicotiana tabacum L.
subject: Technical change
subject: Tobacco policy
subject: Average annual yield increase

description: Statistical analysis using rainfall and time trends accounts for county average flue-cured tobacco yields in North Carolina from 1940 to 1987. A change in the annual yield growth path occurred in 1965. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the switch from acreage allotments to poundage quotas for flue-cured tobacco beginning in 1965 caused a decline in both yield levels and rates of annual yield increase. Both declines are fully consistent with changed relevant incentives facing growers and researchers
N=2 Sigma Model with Twisted Mass and Superpotential: Central Charges and Solitons
Creators: name: Losev, A.
name: Shifman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider supersymmetric sigma models on the Kahler target spaces, with twisted mass. The Kahler spaces are assumed to have holomorphic Killing vectors. Introduction of a superpotential of a special type is known to be consistent with N=2 superalgebra (Alvarez-Gaume and Freedman). We show that the algebra acquires central charges in the anticommutators {Q_L, Q_L} and {Q_R, Q_R}. These central charges have no parallels, and they can exist only in two dimensions. The central extension of the N=2 superalgebra we found paves the way to a novel phenomenon -- spontaneous breaking of a part of supersymmetry. In the general case 1/2 of supersymmetry is spontaneously broken (the vacuum energy density is positive), while the remaining 1/2 is realized linearly. In the model at hand the standard fermion number is not defined, so that the Witten index as well as the Cecotti-Fendley-Intriligator-Vafa index are useless. We show how to construct an index for counting short multiplets in internal algebraic terms which is well-defined in spite of the absence of the standard fermion number. Finally, we outline derivation of the quantum anomaly in {\bar Q_L, Q_R}.
description: 21 pages, Latex, 1 eps figure. Two important references added
Can planetary rings explain the extremely low density of HIP 41378f?
Creators: name: Akinsanmi, B.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Faria, J. P.
name: Oshagh, M.
name: Barros, S. C. C.
name: Santerne, A.
name: Charnoz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of rings around a transiting planet can cause its radius to be overestimated and lead to an underestimation of its density if the mass is known. We employ a Bayesian framework to show that the anomalously low density ($\sim$0.09 g cm${^{-3}}$) of the transiting long-period planet HIP$\,$41378$\,f$ might be due to the presence of opaque circum-planetary rings. Given our adopted model priors and data from the K2 mission, we find the statistical evidence for the ringed planet scenario to be comparable to that of the planet-only scenario. The ringed planet solution suggests a larger planetary density of $\sim$1.23$\,$g$\,$cm$^{-3}$ similar to Uranus. The associated ring extends from 1.05 to 2.59 times the planetary radius and is inclined away from the sky-plane by $\sim$25$^\mathrm{o}$. Future high-precision transit observations of HIP$\,$41378$\,f$ would be necessary to confirm/dismiss the presence of planetary rings.
description: 9 figures, 8 pages, accepted by A&A
COMMENTS ON DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF BIOPHYSICAL SIMULATION MODELS
Creators: name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Biophysical simulation models

description: Issues concerning practical aspects of implementing and developing biophysical simulation models are presented. Several questions researchers should ask when considering using a simulation model are discussed. Unfortunately, there are no definitive answers to these questions. Standard programming, documentation and interaction between users and developers are recommendations made to developers.
Opportunities and Pitfalls of International Futures Markets Trading by Developing Countries: The Case of Zaire Coffee Exports
Creators: name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Khonde, Mavuangi
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Khonde, Mavuangi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Profitable direct and cross hedging opportunities exist for Zaire coffee hedgers, and some periods may offer significantly superior opportunities. External events and internal policy changes contributed to instability of Zaire hedge ratios. The importance of internal economic and financial changes must also be considered to supplement international coffee market information.