cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What to expect: kilonova light curve predictions via equation of state marginalization
Creators: name: Toivonen, Andrew
name: Mansingh, Gargi
name: Griffin, Holton
name: Kazemi, Armita
name: Kerkow, Frank
name: Mahanty, Stephen K.
name: Markus, Jacob
name: Tsukamoto, Seiya
name: Chaudhary, Sushant Sharma
name: Antier, Sarah
name: Coughlin, Michael W.
name: Chatterjee, Deep
name: Essick, Reed
name: Ghosh, Shaon
name: Dietrich, Tim
name: Landry, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient multi-messenger observations of gravitational-wave candidates from compact binary coalescence candidate events rely on data products reported in low-latency by the International Gravitational-wave Network (IGWN). While data products such as $\texttt{HasNS}$, the probability of at least one neutron star, and $\texttt{HasRemnant}$, the probability of remnant matter forming after merger, exist, these are not direct observables for a potential kilonova. Here, we present new kilonova light curve and ejecta mass data products derived from merger quantities measured in low latency, by marginalizing over our uncertainty in our understanding of the neutron star equation of state and using measurements of the source properties of the merger, including masses and spins. Two additional types of data products are proposed. The first is the probability of a candidate event having mass ejecta ($m_{\mathrm{ej}}$) greater than $10^{-3} M_\odot$, which we denote as $\texttt{HasEjecta}$. The second are $m_{\mathrm{ej}}$ estimates and accompanying $\texttt{ugrizy}$ and $\texttt{HJK}$ kilonova light curves predictions produced from a surrogate model trained on a grid of kilonova light curves from $\texttt{POSSIS}$, a time-dependent, three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. We are developing these data products in the context of the IGWN low-latency alert infrastructure, and will be advocating for their use and release for future detections.
Pulsars with gigahertz-peaked spectra
Creators: name: Kijak, J.
name: Lewandowski, W.
name: Maron, O.
name: Gupta, Y.
name: Jessner, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a high frequency turn-over effect in radio spectra for pulsars with positive or flat spectral index. Using GMRT and Effelsberg observatory, we estimated the flux density to reconstruct pulsar spectra. We find objects that have a maximum flux in their spectrum above 1 GHz and whose spectral indices are positive at lower frequencies. Some pulsars with a turn-over in their spectrum at high frequencies are found to exist in very interesting environments. We call these objects gigahertz-peaked spectra pulsars.
description: 10 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dynamics of hard-sphere suspension using Dynamic Light Scattering and X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy: dynamics and scaling of the Intermediate Scattering Function
Creators: name: Martinez, V. A.
name: Thijssen, J. H. J
name: Zontone, F.
name: van Megen, W.
name: Bryant, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate Scattering Functions (ISF's) are measured for colloidal hard sphere systems using both Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). We compare the techniques, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. Both techniques agree in the overlapping range of scattering vectors. We investigate the scaling behaviour found by Segre and Pusey [1] but challenged by Lurio et al. [2]. We observe a scaling behaviour over several decades in time but not in the long time regime. Moreover, we do not observe long time diffusive regimes at scattering vectors away from the peak of the structure factor and so question the existence of a long time diffusion coefficients at these scattering vectors.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
Large scale anisotropies on halo infall
Creators: name: Ceccarelli, Laura
name: Paz, Dante J.
name: Padilla, Nelson
name: Lambas, Diego G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a statistical analysis of the peculiar velocity field around dark matter haloes in numerical simulations. We examine different properties of the infall of material onto haloes and its relation to central halo shapes and the shape of the large scale surrounding regions (LSSR). We find that the amplitude of the infall velocity field along the halo shape minor axis is larger than that along the major axis. This is consistent for general triaxial haloes, and for both prolate and oblate systems. We also report a strong anisotropy of the velocity field along the principal axes of the LSSR. The infall velocity field around dark matter haloes reaches a maximum value along the direction of the minor axis of the LSSR, whereas along the direction of its major axis, it exhibits the smallest velocities. We also analyse the dependence of the matter velocity field on the local environment. The amplitude of the infall velocity at high local density regions is larger than at low local density regions. The velocity field tends to be more laminar along the direction towards the minor axis of the LSSR, where the mean ratio between flow velocity and velocity dispersion is of order unity and nearly constant up to scales of 15 Mpc/h. We also detect anisotropies in the outflowing component of the velocity field, showing a maximum amplitude along the surrounding LSSR major axis.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Economic theory and development planning in the Arctic regions: A study in plural economy
Creators: name: Potvin, Joseph
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 1986
Subjects: Arctic Regions
Northwest Territories
Canada
Development planning
Plural economy
Economic theory

description: This is a paper on economic method and strategy, in which the aim is to apply economic theory to the task of practical development planning in a peripheral regional economy. This is done in the form of a case study on the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. There are four main sections. First, the regional context of planning is proposed, leading to the consideration of questions about capital and labour mobility. Second, the case of Plural Economy is examined in theory and in its practical relation to the NWT. A third section deals with determinants and mechanisms of economic growth; multiplier and linkage effects are defined, evidence of their operation is given, and the income and expenditure of government is analyzed. The fourth major part is a draft proposal for an economic model suitable for the NWT which incorporates the foregoing analysis in a modified input-output framework. The paper closes with a variety of suggestions on how to construct a long-term economic plan.
Robust microwave cavity control for NV ensemble manipulation
Creators: name: Iriarte-Zendoia, Iñaki
name: Munuera-Javaloy, Carlos
name: Casanova, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles have the potential to improve a wide range of applications, including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at the microscale and nanoscale, wide-field magnetometry, and hyperpolarization of nuclear spins via the transfer of optically induced NV polarization to nearby nuclear spin clusters. These NV ensembles can be coherently manipulated with microwave cavities, that deliver strong and homogeneous drivings over large volumes. However, the pulse shaping for microwave cavities presents the added challenge that the external controls and intra-cavity field amplitudes are not identical, leading to adverse effects on the accuracy of operations on the NV ensemble. In this work, we introduce a method based on Gradient Ascent Pulse Engineering (GRAPE) to optimize external controls, resulting in robust pulses within the cavity while minimizing the effects of cavity ringings. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by designing both $π$ and $π/2$ pulses. These optimized controls are then integrated into a PulsePol sequence, where numerical simulations reveal a resilience to detunings five times larger than those tolerated by the sequence constructed using standard controls.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures + Supplemental Material
Tunable topological transitions in the frustrated magnet HoAgGe
Creators: name: Bhandari, Hari
name: Chang, Po-Hao
name: Regmi, Resham Babu
name: Márkus, Bence Gábor
name: Forró, László
name: Mitchell, J. F.
name: Mazin, I. I.
name: Ghimire, Nirmal J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kagome lattice, known for its strong frustration in two dimensions, hosts a variety of exotic magnetic and electronic states. A variation of this geometry, where the triangular motifs are twisted to further reduce symmetry, has recently revealed even more complex physics. HoAgGe exemplifies such a structure, with magnetic and electronic properties believed to be driven by strong in-plane anisotropy of the Ho spins, effectively acting as a two-dimensional spin ice. In this study, using a combination of magnetization, Hall conductivity measurements, and density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate how various spin-ice states, stabilized by external magnetic fields, influence the Fermi surface topology. More interestingly, we observe sharp transitions in Hall conductivity without concurrent changes in magnetization when an external magnetic field is applied along a particular crystallographic direction, underscoring the role of strong magnetic frustration and providing a new platform for exploring the interplay between magnetic frustration, electronic topology, and crystalline symmetry. These results also highlight the limitations of a simple spin-ice model, suggesting that a more sophisticated framework is necessary to capture the subtle experimental nuances observed.
Minimal clones with few majority operations
Creators: name: Waldhauser, Tamás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08A40

description: We characterize minimal clones generated by a majority function containing at most seven ternary operations.
description: 11 pages
Let's talk about sex : a narrative approach to disabled women's sexual lives
Creators: name: MacKeigan, Tanya Elaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: This thesis examines the discourses at play that shape disabled women's sexual subjectivity. I wanted to see how disabled women's understanding of themselves as sexual is socially influenced. I come from a feminist critical disability studies theoretical position influenced by social constructionist thought. I held a focus group and individually interviewed five self-identified physically disabled women about their sexual lives and experiences. They shared stories of societal pressures and personal interactions. But, the way language works to shape meaning is complicated. Among these women there is a mix of visible and invisible disabilities and this affects how social understandings of disability, sexuality, and gender play out. Further, these women come from a variety of racial, socio-economic, and socio-cultural backgrounds. It was clear in the stories that not all disabled women are the same just because they are disabled women. That said, the main social understandings of disability and sexuality that were at work in the women’s stories were ableism, sexism, and resistance. The women spoke of feeling pressures that attempt to define them and who they should be. They pointed out with concern that ableist influences do not associate disability with sexuality. They also spoke about the emotional labour they are forced to take on in relationships influenced by both ableism and sexism: examples include, having to explain their disability, manage others' emotions around disability, or deal with the pressure to always put others' needs first. In response to these pressures, resistance discourses surfaced that challenge mainstream notions of disability and sexuality. The women stated that this resistance represents their reality. It represents strength, commitment, pride, and reclamation. This resistance makes space for the diversity of life and the expression of voice, confidence, liberation, and solidarity. It is a movement of people who no longer wish to subscribe to oppressive thought. The women spoke about feeling more empowered and autonomous in their sexual lives and feeling their self-worth rising. They spoke about the freedom they feel to express themselves now, to talk about their sexuality and to own that, and to claim their rights to pleasure and sexual citizenship.
Who is my Neighbor? The Spatial Efficiency of Partisanship
Creators: name: Eubank, Nicholas
name: Rodden, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Relative to its overall statewide support, the Republican Party has been over-represented in Congressional delegations and state legislatures over the last decade in a number of U.S. states. A challenge is to determine the extent to which this can be explained by intentional gerrymandering as opposed to an underlying inefficient distribution of Democrats in cities. We explain the “spatial inefficiency” of support for Democrats, and demonstrate that it varies substantially both across states and also across legislative chambers within states. We introduce a simple method for measuring this inefficiency by assessing the partisanship of the nearest neighbors of each voter in each U.S. state. Our measure of spatial efficiency helps explain cross-state patterns in legislative representation, and allows us to verify that political geography contributes substantially to inequalities in political representation. At the same time, however, we also show that even after controlling for spatial efficiency, partisan control of the redistricting process has had a substantial impact on the parties’ seat shares.
Kagome staircase compound Co3V2O8 in an applied magnetic field: single-crystal neutron-diffraction study
Creators: name: Petrenko, O. A.
name: Wilson, N. R.
name: Balakrishnan, G.
name: Paul, D. McK
name: McIntyre, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of Co3V2O8 have been studied by single-crystal neutron-diffraction. In zero magnetic field, the observed broadening of the magnetic Bragg peaks suggests the presence of disorder both in the low-temperature ferromagnetic and in the higher-temperature antiferromagnetic state. The field dependence of the intensity and position of the magnetic reflections in Co3V2O8 reveals a complex sequence of phase transitions in this Kagome staircase compound. For H//a, a commensurate-incommensurate-commensurate transition is found in a field of 0.072 T in the antiferromagnetic phase at 7.5 K. For H//c at low-temperature, an applied field induces an unusual transformation from a ferromagnetic to an antiferromagnetic state at about 1 T accompanied by a sharp increase in magnetisation.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
On the Theory of Generalized Algebraic Transformations
Creators: name: Strecka, Jozef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This book deals with the theory of generalized algebraic transformations, which is elaborated with the aim to provide a relatively simple theoretical tool that enables an exact treatment of diverse more complex lattice-statistical models. In addition to a brief historical account on the developments of this exact mapping method, the versatility of generalized algebraic transformations will be convincingly evidenced when providing exact results for two different families of exactly solvable models. The family of exactly solved Ising models brings a deeper insight into various aspects closely associated especially with phase transitions and critical phenomena. The second class of exactly solved Ising-Heisenberg models sheds light on striking quantum manifestations of spontaneously long-range ordered systems, which are closely connected with a mutual interplay between quantum and cooperative phenomena.
description: 72 pages, 9 figures, habilitation thesis defended at P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Slovakia
Statistical procedures for assessing the need for an Affirmative Action plan: A reanalysis of the Shea v. Kerry
Creators: name: Pan, Qing
name: Miao, Weiwen
name: Gastwirth, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: In the 1980’s, reports from Congress and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) presented statistical evidence showing that employees in the Foreign Service were overwhelmingly White male, especially in the higher positions. To remedy this historical discrimination, the State Department instituted an affirmative action plan during 1990-1992 that allowed females and race-ethnic minorities to apply directly for mid-level positions. A White male employee claimed that he had been disadvantaged by the plan. The appellate court unanimously held that the manifest statistical imbalance supported the Department’s instituting the plan. One judge identified two statistical issues in the analysis of the data that neither party brought up. This paper provides an empirical guideline for sample size and a one-sided Hotelling’s T2 test to answer these problems. First, an approximate rule is developed for the minimum number of expected minority appointments needed for a meaningful statistical analysis of under-representation. To avoid the multiple comparison issue when several protected groups are involved, a modification of Hotelling’s T2 test is developed for testing the null hypothesis of fair representation against a one-sided alternative of under-representation in at least one minority group. The test yields p-values less than 1 in 10,000 indicating that minorities were substantially under-represented. Excluding secretarial and clerical jobs led to even larger disparities.
Interference pattern in the collision of structures in the BEC dark matter model: comparison with fluids
Creators: name: Gonzalez, J. A.
name: Guzman, F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to explore nonlinear effects on the distribution of matter during collisions within the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter model driven by the Schrödinger-Poisson system of equations, we study the head-on collision of structures and focus on the interference pattern formation in the density of matter during the collision process. We explore the possibility that the collision of two structures of fluid matter modeled with an ideal gas equation of state also forms interference patterns and found a negative result. Given that a fluid is the most common flavor of dark matter models, we conclude that one fingerprint of the BEC dark matter model is the pattern formation in the density during a collision of structures.
description: 7 pages, 22 eps figures
A single board computer implementation of mouse dual brain mesoscale imaging and radio frequency identification
Creators: name: Bolanos, Federico
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: The power of social interaction and touch is undisputed across the animal kingdom. To evaluate neuro-correlates of social behaviour, recent studies have focused both on system level human studies to mechanistic studies within animal models. In animals, mechanistic studies have largely focused on social interactions between rodents and this work indicates a fundamental role of the rodent vibrissal system in transmitting social signals between animals. While considerable work has been done in both human and animal models, correlations between subjects over high sampling rates and relatively large expanses of the cortex have not been done. Here, we employ mouse mesoscale GCaMP imaging to establish how calcium activity is correlated when two mice engage in social touch-like behaviour. The two mice begin at a distance where social touch is not possible, then they are transiently brought close to each other in order to allow them to interact. Afterwards, the mice are moved back to their initial separated state. When the mice are in the together state we observe that the mice engage in bouts of mutual whisking resulting in simultaneous barrel cortex activity. Additionally, we find that brain-wide calcium signals at a frequency band of 0.01-0.1Hz become synchronized when the mice are together. We also developed a cost effective radio-frequency based system for mouse identification. We describe a simple protocol to tag and identify mice using glass-encapsulated tags, which were injected sub-cutaneously after brief anesthesia. Python software provides a flexible, cross-platform solution for interfacing with the tag reader, which is capable of reading the tags at a distance of 30.2 ± 2.4mm. The system facilitates automated behavioural experiments that require animal identification [Murphy et al., 2016, Silasi et al., 2017, Woodard et al., 2017]. The radio frequency identification (RFID) system could be applied to further automate social touch studies.
Statebuilding – Widerspruch zu politischer Selbstbestimmung?
Creators: name: Justenhoven, Heinz-Gerhard
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2018

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 59 (2018): Friede und Gerechtigkeit
Dissecting the Moth: Discovery of an off-centered ring in the HD 61005 debris disk with high-resolution imaging
Creators: name: Buenzli, Esther
name: Thalmann, Christian
name: Vigan, Arthur
name: Boccaletti, Anthony
name: Chauvin, Gael
name: Augereau, Jean-Charles
name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Menard, Francois
name: Desidera, Silvano
name: Messina, Sergio
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Carson, Joe
name: Montagnier, Guillaume
name: Beuzit, Jean-Luc
name: Bonavita, Mariangela
name: Eggenberger, Anne
name: Lagrange, Anne Marie
name: Mesa, Dino
name: Mouillet, David
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The debris disk known as "The Moth" is named after its unusually asymmetric surface brightness distribution. It is located around the ~90 Myr old G8V star HD 61005 at 34.5 pc and has previously been imaged by the HST at 1.1 and 0.6 microns. Polarimetric observations suggested that the circumstellar material consists of two distinct components, a nearly edge-on disk or ring, and a swept-back feature, the result of interaction with the interstellar medium. We resolve both components at unprecedented resolution with VLT/NACO H-band imaging. Using optimized angular differential imaging techniques to remove the light of the star, we reveal the disk component as a distinct narrow ring at inclination i=84.3 \pm 1.0°. We determine a semi-major axis of a=61.25 \pm 0.85 AU and an eccentricity of e=0.045 \pm 0.015, assuming that periastron is located along the apparent disk major axis. Therefore, the ring center is offset from the star by at least 2.75 \pm 0.85 AU. The offset, together with a relatively steep inner rim, could indicate a planetary companion that perturbs the remnant planetesimal belt. From our imaging data we set upper mass limits for companions that exclude any object above the deuterium-burning limit for separations down to 0.3". The ring shows a strong brightness asymmetry along both the major and minor axis. A brighter front side could indicate forward-scattering grains, while the brightness difference between the NE and SW components can be only partly explained by the ring center offset, suggesting additional density enhancements on one side of the ring. The swept-back component appears as two streamers originating near the NE and SW edges of the debris ring.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics letters
Experimental simulation of daemonic work extraction in open quantum batteries on a digital quantum computer
Creators: name: Elyasi, Seyed Navid
name: Rossi, Matteo A. C.
name: Genoni, Marco G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of extracting more work from a physical system thanks to the information obtained from measurements has been a topic of fundamental interest in the context of thermodynamics since the formulation of the Maxwell's demon thought experiment. We here consider this problem from the perspective of an open quantum battery interacting with an environment that can be continuously measured. By modeling it via a continuously monitored collisional model, we show how to implement the corresponding dynamics as a quantum circuit, including the final conditional feedback unitary evolution that allows to enhance the amount of work extracted. By exploiting the flexibility of IBM quantum computers and by properly modelling the corresponding quantum circuit, we experimentally simulate the work extraction protocol showing how the obtained experimental values of the daemonic extracted work are close to their theoretical upper bound quantified by the so-called daemonic ergotropy. We also demonstrate how by properly modelling the noise affecting the quantum circuit, one can improve the work extraction protocol by optimizing the corresponding extraction unitary feedback operation.
Film Overwrapping of Apple Trays Increases Handling Efficiency
Creators: name: Fountain, J. B.
name: Hovey, R. M.
name: Yost, G. E.
name: Hinsch, R. T.
name: Fountain, J. B.
name: Hovey, R. M.
name: Yost, G. E.
name: Hinsch, R. T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: To reduce retail losses, the Washington State Apple Commission has for many years encouraged retailers to display apples in the shipping tray in which they are packed and shipped. The objective of this study was to adapt the conventional standard apple tray to a retail display unit by overwrapping it with film at the packinghouse. Hopefully, this display unit would (1) encourage retailers to display apples in the shipping tray; (2) reduce labor requirements; (3) reduce the level of mechanical injury; (4) maintain or improve apple quality; (5) allow the retailer the option of displaying the apples in bulk or as a consumer package; and (6) would not adversely affect the internal quality, such as browning from carbon dioxide (C02 ) injury.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES AND STROKE ACCORDING TO THE DATA FROM STROKE MONITORING UNIT IN URBAN AREA OF WEST UKRAINE
Creators: name: Filipets, O.
name: Telenko, H.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: cerebrovascular diseases
stroke
epidemiology
incidence prevention.

description: The article presents the results of analysis of the basic epidemiological characteristics of acute and chronic cerebral circulation disturbances in western Ukrainian city of Chernivtsi according to annual reports of the Department of Cerebrovascular Pathology of Municipal polyclinic #2 and the results of the official national and branch statistical reports in 2008-2018. The retrospective analysis of crude incidence and mortality during 11-year period has shown the increase of prevalence and the decrease of incidence of cerebrovascular diseases in selected urban subpopulation. Annual rates of incidence and mortality of first-ever and recurrent stroke have not shown any significant dynamics, in spite of fluctuations within the study period. The assessment and the comparison of regional and national epidemiological parameters reveals the shortcomings of the existing system of statistical case registration, and determines the main directions for primary care on the way to improvement of epidemiological situation with cerebrovascular pathology
Zur Lage des wissenschaftlichen Nachwuchses in Deutschland
Creators: name: Emunds, Bernhard
name: Hagedorn, Jonas
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften
Year: 2017

description: Jahrbuch für Christliche Sozialwissenschaften, Bd. 58 (2017): Religion(en) in der Einwanderungsgesellschaft
Potential vorticity dynamics in the framework of disk shallow-water theory: I. The Rossby wave instability
Creators: name: Umurhan, O. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Rossby wave instability in astrophysical disks is as a potentially important mechanism for driving angular momentum transport in disks. We aim to understand this instability in an approximate three-dimensional disk model environment which we assume to be a single homentropic annular layer we analyze using disk shallow-water theory. We consider the normal mode stability analysis of two kinds of radial profiles of the mean potential vorticity: The first type is a single step and the second kind is a symmetrical step of finite width describing either a localized depression or peak of the mean potential vorticity. For single potential vorticity steps we find there is no instability. There is no instability when the symmetric step is a localized peak. However, the Rossby wave instability occurs when the symmetrical step profile is a depression, which, in turn, corresponds to localized peaks in the mean enthalpy profile. This is in qualitative agreement with previous two-dimensional investigations of the instability. For all potential vorticity depressions, instability occurs for regions narrower than some maximum radial length scale. We interpret the instability as resulting from the interaction of at least two Rossby edgewaves. We identify the Rossby wave instability in the restricted three-dimensional framework of disk shallow water theory. Additional examinations of generalized barotropic flows are needed. Viewing disk vortical instabilities from the conceptual perspective of interacting edgewaves can be useful.
description: To appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Graphs with span 1 and shortest optimal walks
Creators: name: Dravec, Tanja
name: Mikalački, Mirjana
name: Taranenko, Andrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 05C85

description: A span of a given graph $G$ is the maximum distance that two players can keep at all times while visiting all vertices (edges) of $G$ and moving according to certain rules, that produce different variants of span. We prove that the vertex and edge span of the same variant can differ by at most 1 and present a graph where the difference is exactly 1. For all variants of vertex span we present a lower bound in terms of the girth of the graph. Then we study graphs with the strong vertex span equal to 1. We present some nice properties of such graphs and show that interval graphs are contained in the class of graphs having the strong vertex span equal to 1. Finally, we present an algorithm that returns the minimum number of moves needed such that both players traverse all vertices of the given graph $G$ such that in each move the distance between players equals at least the chosen span of $G$.
Testing for Positive Quadrant Dependence
Creators: name: Tang, Chuan-Fa
name: Wang, Dewei
name: Barmi, Hammou El
name: Tebbs, Joshua M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: We develop an empirical likelihood (EL) approach to test independence of two univariate random variables X and Y versus the alternative that X and Y are strictly positive quadrant dependent (PQD). Establishing this type of ordering between X and Y is of interest in many applications, including finance, insurance, engineering, and other areas. Adopting the framework in Einmahl and McKeague, we create a distribution-free test statistic that integrates a localized EL ratio test statistic with respect to the empirical joint distribution of X and Y. When compared to well-known existing tests and distance-based tests we develop by using copula functions, simulation results show the EL testing procedure performs well in a variety of scenarios when X and Y are strictly PQD. We use three datasets for illustration and provide an online R resource practitioners can use to implement the methods in this article. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
EXTRACTION OF HEAVY METAL IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Creators: name: Obushenko, T.
name: Tolstopalova, N.
name: Chyrieva, M.
Publisher: name: Sciences of Europe
Year: 2020
Subjects: sublation
heavy metals
surfactant
extractant
substrate
degree of extraction.

description: In this work, model cobalt aqueous solutions were investigated using anionic surfactants and isoamyl alcohol as the organic phase. The regularities of solvent sublation of Co2 + ions from aqueous solutions are investigated and the following rational conditions of the purification process are revealed: surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate; pH 10-10.5; the molar ratio of Co2 +: surfactant = 1: 2; process duration 20 min, organic phase isoamyl alcohol; volume of organic phase 10 cm3 ; the volume of the aqueous phase is 200 cm3 . For these conditions, the degree of withdrawal is 95.6%
cymyc -- Calabi-Yau Metrics, Yukawas, and Curvature
Creators: name: Berglund, Per
name: Butbaia, Giorgi
name: Hübsch, Tristan
name: Jejjala, Vishnu
name: Mishra, Challenger
name: Peña, Damián Mayorga
name: Tan, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce \texttt{cymyc}, a high-performance Python library for numerical investigation of the geometry of a large class of string compactification manifolds and their associated moduli spaces. We develop a well-defined geometric ansatz to numerically model tensor fields of arbitrary degree on a large class of Calabi-Yau manifolds. \texttt{cymyc} includes a machine learning component which incorporates this ansatz to model tensor fields of interest on these spaces by finding an approximate solution to the system of partial differential equations they should satisfy.
description: 35 pages, 12 figures
Supplementary Methods, Tables, and Figures from When death comes: linking predator–prey activity patterns to timing of mortality to understand predation risk
Creators: name: Shiratsuru, Shotaro
name: Studd, Emily K.
name: Boutin, Stan
name: Peers, Michael J. L.
name: Majchrzak, Yasmine N.
name: Menzies, Allyson K.
name: Derbyshire, Rachael
name: Jung, Thomas S.
name: Krebs, Charles J.
name: Boonstra, Rudy
name: Murray, Dennis L.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Additional methodological details, and result tables and figures.
Parton showers as sources of energy-momentum deposition in the QGP and their implication for shockwave formation at RHIC and at the LHC
Creators: name: Neufeld, R. B.
name: Vitev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the distribution of energy and momentum transmitted from a primary fast parton and its medium-induced bremsstrahlung gluons to a thermalized quark-gluon plasma. Our calculation takes into account the important and thus far neglected effects of quantum interference between the resulting color currents. We use our result to obtain the rate at which energy is absorbed by the medium as a function of time and find that the rate is modified by the quantum interference between the primary parton and secondary gluons. This Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal type interference persists for time scales relevant to heavy ion phenomenology. We further couple the newly derived source of energy and momentum deposition to linearized hydrodynamics to obtain the bulk medium response to realistic parton propagation and splitting in the quark-gluon plasma. We find that because of the characteristic large angle in-medium gluon emission and the multiple sources of energy deposition in a parton shower, formation of well defined Mach cones by energetic jets in heavy ion reactions is not likely.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
A 34 Yr Timing Solution of the Redback Millisecond Pulsar Terzan 5A
Creators: name: Rosenthal, Alexandra C.
name: Ransom, Scott M.
name: Corcoran, Kyle A.
name: DeCesar, Megan E.
name: Freire, Paulo C. C.
name: Hessels, Jason W. T.
name: Keith, Michael J.
name: Lynch, Ryan S.
name: Lyne, Andrew
name: Nice, David J.
name: Stairs, Ingrid H.
name: Stappers, Ben
name: Strader, Jay
name: Thorsett, Stephen E.
name: Urquhart, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 34-year timing solution of the redback pulsar system Terzan 5A (Ter5A). Ter5A, also known as B1744$-$24A or J1748$-$2446A, has a 11.56 ms pulse period, a $\sim$0.1 solar mass dwarf companion star, and an orbital period of 1.82 hours. Ter5A displays highly variable eclipses and orbital perturbations. Using new timing techniques, we have determined a phase-connected timing solution for this system over 34 years. This is the longest ever published for a redback pulsar. We find that the pulsar's spin variability is much larger than most globular cluster pulsars. In fact, of the nine redback pulsars with published or in preparation long-term timing solutions, Ter5A is by far the noisiest. We see no evidence of strong correlations between orbital and spin variability of the pulsar. We also find that long-term astrometric timing measurements are likely too contaminated by this variability to be usable, and therefore require careful short-term timing to determine reasonable positions. Finally, we measure an orbital period contraction of $-2.5(3) \times 10^{-13}$, which is likely dominated by the general relativistic orbital decay of the system. The effects of the orbital variability due to the redback nature of the pulsar are not needed to explain the observed orbital period derivative, but they are constrained to less than $\sim$30% of the observed value.
description: Updated to reflect changes from the peer review process, including discussion of frequency effects and clarification of certain terms; very similar to the version published in ApJ
Particle-hole symmetry breaking in the pseudogap state of Pb0.55Bi1.5Sr1.6La0.4CuO6+d: A quantum-chemical perspective
Creators: name: Panas, Itai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two Bi2201 model systems are employed to demonstrate how, beside the Cu-O σ-band, a second band of purely O2pπcharacter can be made to cross the Fermi level owing to its sensitivity to the local crystal field. This result is employed to explain the particle-hole symmetry breaking across the pseudo-gap recently reported by Shen and co-workers, see M. Hashimoto et al., Nature Physics 6, (2010) 414. Support for a two-bands-on-a-checkerboard candidate mechanism for High-Tc superconductivity is claimed.
description: 25 pages, 8 figures
Integration and application of microlens arrays within heads-up display
Creators: name: Yan, Weicheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: Heads-up display technology is a subject of growing interest for virtual reality and augmented reality systems. The proposed work recognizes this interest and targets a key challenge for integrating this technology within eyewear, in that such systems must enable tight imaging while having a flat form factor. A Gabor lens, being coupled plano-concave and plano-convex microlens arrays, is developed in this work to meet this challenge. In the first stage of the work, the MLAs are designed with three design criteria. For Criterion I, the coupled MLAs must project an image of the microdisplay into the relaxed eye at infinity with an angular field-of-view between 15° and 25°. For Criterion II, the coupled MLAs must project a clear image of the microdisplay with a resolution of 30 cycles-per-mm or greater. For Criterion III, the coupled MLAs must be implemented with a flat form factor to enable integration within contemporary eyewear by having a thickness of less than 23.4 mm. In the second stage of the work, the optimized design for the MLAs is realized by the development and implementation of a specialized fabrication process. The process applies a tunable plasma pre-treatment to a glass substrate followed by dispensing, curing, and casting of microlenses on the substrate to realize arrays with the necessary diameters and radii of curvature. The plano-concave and plano-convex MLAs are then fabricated and coupled to form the Gabor lens, which is packaged with a baffle and microdisplay to function as the heads-up display. In the third and final stage of the work, the developed heads-up display undergoes performance testing to define its modulation transfer function (MTF). The measured MTF results are compared to those of the ray-based simulations and strong agreement is seen. Moreover, it is found that the developed heads-up display has an FOVA of 18.2°, a resolution of 30 cycles/mm, and a net length of 11.4 mm, and thus it meets the above design criteria. Ultimately, the developed heads-up display can enable the tight imaging and flat form factor that are being sought for future virtual reality and augmented reality systems.
Stacking Brick by Brick: Aligned Feature Isolation for Incremental Face Forgery Detection
Creators: name: Cheng, Jikang
name: Yan, Zhiyuan
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Hao, Li
name: Ai, Jiaxin
name: Zou, Qin
name: Li, Chen
name: Wang, Zhongyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid advancement of face forgery techniques has introduced a growing variety of forgeries. Incremental Face Forgery Detection (IFFD), involving gradually adding new forgery data to fine-tune the previously trained model, has been introduced as a promising strategy to deal with evolving forgery methods. However, a naively trained IFFD model is prone to catastrophic forgetting when new forgeries are integrated, as treating all forgeries as a single ''Fake" class in the Real/Fake classification can cause different forgery types overriding one another, thereby resulting in the forgetting of unique characteristics from earlier tasks and limiting the model's effectiveness in learning forgery specificity and generality. In this paper, we propose to stack the latent feature distributions of previous and new tasks brick by brick, $\textit{i.e.}$, achieving $\textbf{aligned feature isolation}$. In this manner, we aim to preserve learned forgery information and accumulate new knowledge by minimizing distribution overriding, thereby mitigating catastrophic forgetting. To achieve this, we first introduce Sparse Uniform Replay (SUR) to obtain the representative subsets that could be treated as the uniformly sparse versions of the previous global distributions. We then propose a Latent-space Incremental Detector (LID) that leverages SUR data to isolate and align distributions. For evaluation, we construct a more advanced and comprehensive benchmark tailored for IFFD. The leading experimental results validate the superiority of our method.
The most recent burst of Star Formation in the Massive Elliptical Galaxy NGC 1052
Creators: name: Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A.
name: López-Sanjuan, C.
name: Montes, M.
name: Prieto, M. A.
name: Acosta-Pulido, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-spatial resolution near-infrared (NIR) images of the central 24 x 24 arcsec^2 (~ 2 x 2 kpc^2) of the elliptical galaxy NGC 1052 reveal a total of 25 compact sources randomly distributed in the region. Fifteen of them exhibit Halpha luminosities an order of magnitude above the estimate for an evolved population of extreme horizontal branch stars. Their Halpha equivalent widths and optical-to-NIR spectral energy distributions are consistent with them being young stellar clusters aged < 7 Myr. We consider this to be the first direct observation of spatially resolved star-forming regions in the central kiloparsecs of an elliptical galaxy. The sizes of these regions are ~< 11 pc and their median reddening is E(B - V) ~ 1 mag. According to previous works, NGC 1052 may have experienced a merger event about 1 Gyr ago. On the assumption that these clusters are spreaded with similar density over the whole galaxy, the fraction of galaxy mass (5 x 10^{-5}) and rate of star formation (0.01 Msun/yr) involved, suggest the merger event as the possible cause for the star formation we see today.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Testing for positive quadrant dependence
Creators: name: Tang, Chuan-Fa
name: Wang, Dewei
name: Barmi, Hammou El
name: Tebbs, Joshua M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: We develop an empirical likelihood approach to test independence of two univariate random variables X and Y versus the alternative that X and Y are strictly positive quadrant dependent (PQD). Establishing this type of ordering between X and Y is of interest in many applications, including finance, insurance, engineering, and other areas. Adopting the framework in Einmahl and McKeague (2003, Bernoulli), we create a distribution-free test statistic that integrates a localized empirical likelihood ratio test statistic with respect to the empirical joint distribution of X and Y. When compared to well known existing tests and distance-based tests we develop by using copula functions, simulation results show the EL testing procedure performs well in a variety of scenarios when X and Y are strictly PQD. We use three data sets for illustration and provide an online R resource practitioners can use to implement the methods in this article.