cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Erethizontinae Bonaparte 1845
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Erethizontidae

description: Erethizontinae Bonaparte 1845
Erethizontinae Bonaparte 1845, Cat. Meth. Mamm. Europe: 5.
Synonyms: Coendinae Pocock 1922; Sphingurinae Alston 1876.
Genera: 4 genera with 15 species:
Genus Coendou Lacépède 1799 (4 species with 4 subspecies)
Genus Echinoprocta Gray 1865 (1 species)
Genus Erethizon F. Cuvier 1823 (1 species with 7 subspecies)
Genus Sphiggurus F. Cuvier 1825 (9 species with 3 subspecies)
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Erethizontidae, pp. 1545-1550 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 1546, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
Coendou Lacépède 1799
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Erethizontidae
Coendou

description: Coendou Lacépède 1799
Coendou Lacépède 1799, Tabl. Mamm.: 11.
Type Species: Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus 1758
Synonyms: Coandu Fischer 1814; Coendu Lesson 1827; Coendus Geoffroy 1803; Cuandu Liais 1872.
Species and subspecies: 4 species with 4 subspecies:
Species Coendou bicolor Tschudi 1844
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor Tschudi 1844
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. quichua Thomas 1899
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. richardsoni Allen 1913
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. simonsi Thomas 1902
Species Coendou nycthemera Olfers 1818
Species Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus 1758)
Species Coendou rothschildi Thomas 1902
Discussion: Cabrera (1961), Hall (1981), Corbet and Hill (1991), Handley and Pine (1992), Emmons and Feer (1997), McKenna and Bell (1997), Voss and Angerman (1997), Alberico et al. (1999) and Voss and da Silva (2001) included Sphiggurus in Coendou; but see Husson (1978:484-490). Woods (1984, 1993) and Nowak (1991) followed Husson (1978) and recognized Sphiggurus as distinct from Coendou. Handley and Pine (1992), Voss and Angermann (1997), and Alberico et al. (1999) concluded that Sphiggurus could not be meaningfully diagnosed as a taxon distinct from Coendou. Bonvicino et al. (2000) suggested that Coendou and Sphiggurus represent distinct lineages that have evolved by different chromosomal mechanisms. Coendou appears to be karyotypically conserved with 2n=74 and FN=82 (Bonvicino et al., 2000). Although karyotypes have been reported in only two taxa of Coendou, the chromosomal and molecular data (Bonvicino et al., 2002 a) tentatively support the distinction of Coendou and Sphiggurus.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Erethizontidae, pp. 1545-1550 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 1546, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
Factores Socioeconómicos del Adulto Mayor en la ruralidad del Cantón Latacunga, Cotopaxi.
Creators: name: Cevallos, Deniss
Publisher: name: Revista Social Fronteriza
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Trattato di sociologia generale (Pareto, Vilfredo)

description: El envejecimiento es un proceso continuo que comienza con la detención del crecimiento y culmina con la muerte, según Pedrero (1999). La esperanza de vida ha aumentado, superando los 60 años, lo que ha incrementado la proporción de adultos mayores, y se estima que para 2030, una de cada seis personas tendrá 60 años o más. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS) destaca que América Latina y el Caribe están envejeciendo más rápidamente, con un aumento significativo en la población de 65 años o más. En Ecuador, la población de adultos mayores ha crecido, alcanzando 1.520.590 personas de 65 años o más, con un 53.6% de mujeres. A pesar de ser un país de alto desarrollo humano, persisten desigualdades que afectan la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores, quienes a menudo enfrentan pobreza y soledad. La percepción negativa de la vejez en la cultura occidental contribuye a que estos individuos enfrenten desafíos para acceder a sus derechos. Los factores socioeconómicos son cruciales para el bienestar de los adultos mayores, influyendo en su salud física y mental.
A Theoretical Analysis of the Demand for Emission Licenses
Creators: name: Hahn, Robert W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: The issue of how firms with inputs of variable quality will react in a market for transferable emissions licenses is analyzed. First, it is shown that the derived demand for licenses will, in general, be downward sloping. This is followed by a discussion of the effects of imperfections in product and factor markets on abatement decisions.
description: The work reported here was supported in part by the California Air Resources Board. I wish to thank Roger Noll and James Quirk for providing helpful comments. All views and conclusions expressed herein are my responsibility.
description: Published - sswp392.pdf
Euops (Riedeliops) keiseri Voss
Creators: name: Riedel, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Attelabidae
Euops
Euops keiseri

description: Euops (Riedeliops) keiseri Voss
(Figs. 9, 10, 21–22, 57–59, 98, 112–113, 120, 127, 134, 148–152, 166, 173, 182, 187)
Euops keiseri (Voss), 1957: 98 –99 (type locality: Mavanella [probably vicinity of 07° 14´N 80° 12´E; ca. 100m], Sri Lanka).
Riedeliops keiseri (Voss): Legalov, 2003: 385.
Asynaptops keiseri Voss: Legalov, 2007: 225.
Diagnosis. Anterior margin of prothorax in front of procoxa angulately projecting; mesosternum with apically rounded, cone-shaped protrusion directed anteriad (Fig. 77); protibia in female (Fig. 134) with dorsal contour evenly convex; mesotibia in male (Fig. 127) with subapical dorsal extension moderately long, spiniform; ventrite 4 in male with median pit containing dense brush of erect setae, their tips pointing forward (Fig. 98); apex of pedon pointed (Fig. 151).
Material examined. Holotype, female (Figs. 57–59): labels: 1) [white, rectangular]: “ CEYLON Sab., Mavanella [probably vicinity of 07° 14´N 80° 12´E; ca. 100m], 18.XI.1953, F. Keiser [printed]”, 2) [white, rectangular] “ Euops keiseri n.sp. [handwritten], det. E. Voß [printed]” 3) [red, rectangular] “ TYPUS [printed]”; condition: fair, right foreleg broken and missing, right metatarsus broken and glued to card, originally card-mounted but point-mounted for examination (NHMB). Other specimens. 1 male, SRI LANKA, Balangoda [information from Google Earth: 06° 39´N 80° 42´E], 1776 ft [= 541m], 13–16.III.82, leg.G. Lewis (BMNH).
Distribution (Fig. 187).
Notes. Euops keiseri was described by Voss from a single female from Sri Lanka. Generally it is difficult to correctly interpret Euops species on the limited character set of the female, but in this case a male from Sri Lanka was found that closely matched the characters of the type. The species is very similar to E. indicus and E. pseudoindicus and evidently closely related. It occurs both in Sri Lanka and in India. The Indian specimens are larger (length 2.24–2.34 mm (n=3, x =2.29 ± 0.05), compared with 1.99–2.10 mm (n=2, x =2.05) in Sri Lanka) and differ in having a more prominent mesosternal protuberance, the sculpture of the pronotum more densely punctate between the wrinkles and the elytral interstriae more distinctly transversely rugose. They agree well with the Sri-Lankan specimens in all other characters. The genitalia of males of the indicus -group offer only characters diagnostic of the group but fail to show characters useful for a distinction of the species; thus they do not provide additional information on the status of this population. In view of the geographical separation and the slight morphological differences of the Indian population, it is here described as a subspecies of E. keiseri.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Alexander, 2009, A taxonomic study of the Indian species of Euops Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Attelabidae), pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 2125 on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188214
Obidosus regalo Osvaldo Villarreal & Ludson Neves de Ázara & Kury 2019, new combination
Creators: name: Osvaldo Villarreal
name: Ludson Neves de Ázara
name: Kury, Adriano Brilhante
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Stygnidae
Obidosus
Obidosus regalo

description: Obidosus regalo (Bragagnolo, 2013) new combination
(Figure 9 (d))
Protimesius regalo Bragagnolo 2013: 286, figs 2, 4, 5. Protimesius evelinae (part): Kury et al. 2010: 567, fig. 2d (misidentification).
Type data
³ holotype (MZSP 30253), BRAZIL, Tocantins, Lajeado (11³35 ʹ 10 ” S, 73 ³20 ʹ 32 ” W); 18 ³ 10 ♀, paratypes (MNRJ 7587) and 1 ³ 1 ♀ paratypes (MZSP 49298), BRAZIL, Tocantins, Porto Nacional (Luzimangue).
description: Published as part of Osvaldo Villarreal, Ludson Neves de Ázara & Kury, Adriano Brilhante, 2019, Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae), pp. 965-989 in Journal of Natural History 53 (15) on page 985, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1620893, http://zenodo.org/record/3673222
White Servitude and the Growth of Black Slavery in Colonial America
Creators: name: Galenson, David W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1980
Subjects: Slaves, Skilled labor, Plantations, Demand for highly skilled workers, Slavery, Labor costs, Indentured servitude, Labor, Artisans, Domestic workers

description: The role of white servitude evolved in a similar way during the course of the American colonial period in the West Indian and southern mainland colonies. The change from primary reliance on bound white labor to the use of slaves occurred in two steps, with an initial transition from servants to slaves in unskilled field work followed some time later by widespread training of blacks and substitution of slaves for servants in skilled occupations. The timing of the two steps can be understood as a function of the changing relative costs of indentured and slave labor in the markets for unskilled and skilled labor.
description: Space limitations necessitated the omission of many of the supporting materials of this paper. The argument and evidence summarized here have been presented more fully in David Walter Galenson, "The Indenture System and the Colonial Labor Market: An Economic History of White Servitude in Colonial British America," (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University 1979), a revised version of which was published as Galenson, David W. White Servitude in Colonial America: An Economic Analysis. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. v + 291.). I am grateful to Stanley Engerman for comments on an earlier draft of this paper.

Published as Galenson, David W. "White servitude and the growth of black slavery in colonial America." The Journal of Economic History 41.1 (1981): 39-47.
description: Submitted - sswp318.pdf
Consistency of Generalized M-Estimators
Creators: name: Zaman, Asad
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: The consistency of M-estimators in a very general setup is proven under weak assumptions. A one-dimensional result using a quasiconvexity assumption is obtained and applied to get a result on consistency of redescending M-estimators. A result valid in higher dimensions is obtained using a law of large numbers for semicontinuous function-valued random variables. This is applied to minimum absolute deviation regression.
description: I would like to thank Professor Robert L. Taylor for guiding me through Banach space versions of the law of large numbers.
description: Published - sswp390.pdf
Theories of Industrial Organization as Explanations of Experimental Market Behavior
Creators: name: Plott, Charles R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: The current professional interest in experimental economics seems to stem in part from a recently acquired ability of economists to explore subtle implications of institutional details for market performance. Advances in understanding the role of information in market models suggest the possibility that the contribution of institutions in affecting information patterns and resource allocation can be identified and assessed. Game theory has increasingly focused upon the structure of strategy spaces as dictated by special institutional structures. The discovery of the theoretical existence of decentralized incentive compatible processes for the provision of public goods allows one to speculate about the possibility of many different types of institutions which might solve the public goods and free rider problems. The continued growth and development of the field of law and economics has directed the theory toward the study of the relationship between legal technology and economic principles. Theoretical works on the nature of institutions and possible manifestations of their influence fill the journals.
description: Published as Plott, Charles R. (1981) Theories of Industrial Organization as Explanations of Experimental market Behavior. In: Strategy, Predation, and Antitrust Analysis. Federal Trade Commission , Washington, DC, pp. 523-577.
description: Submitted - sswp388.pdf
Trypanidius apicalis Aurivillius 1921
Creators: name: Carelli, Allan
name: Monné, Marcela L.
name: Machado, Vanessa Souza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Trypanidius
Trypanidius apicalis

description: Trypanidius apicalis Aurivillius, 1921
(Figs 13, 30)
Trypanidius apicalis Aurivillius, 1921: 53, pl. 2, fig. 11; Monné, 2005: 145.
Male. Reddish brown to dark brown integument. Body covered with light brown pubescence, except lateral margins of pronotum, lateral margins of scutellum, spot between elytral crest and suture, spot at median region of elytra, which are covered with a dark brown pubescence and row of tufts of dark brown pubescence along elytral carinae; golden yellow pubescence around dark brown spot between elytral crest and suture, around base of tufts of dark brown pubescence, on spots alternated with these tufts, lateral spot on apical third of elytra, on two apical third of the meso and metatibiae, on tarsi and lateral portions of all ventrites; whitish-yellow pubescence covering from the front to vertex, on the base of the antennomeres 3–11, on apex of prothoraxic tubercles, on elytral base, on apical third of femora and in median band on protibiae; whitish pubescence in two longitudinal bands on pronotum (on each side of central pubescence band), in diagonal band at basal third of elytra (from humerus toward suture), on apical third of elytra, on two basal thirds of femora and on ventral surface. Scape covered with coarse, short and white setae, contrasting with remainder of pubescence.
Frons flat, lower eye lobes as larger as genae, with two erect setae on inner margin. Antennae with scape 1.3 times longer than antennomere 3.
Prothorax 1.7 times wider than long; pronotal disc with two elevated ridges converging anteriorly with postmedian elevation between them. Scutellum with longitudinal, central and glabrous band extending to truncate apex. Prosternal process around 2.5 times narrower than procoxal cavity; mesosternal process depressed, as wide as mesocoxal cavity and anterior margin excavated at middle.
Elytra 3.8 times longer than prothorax; centro-basal crest near suture and longitudinal carinae distinct; humeri strongly projected anteriorly; apex obliquely truncate, with outer angle slightly projected.
Measurements (mm). (Male). Total length: 16.1; prothorax length: 2.9; prothorax width: 4.8; elytral length: 12.1; humeral width: 7.2.
Type locality. Bolivia. (RMNH).
Geographical distribution. Colombia, Bolivia.
Comments. Trypanidius apicalis differs from all other species of the genus by the color pattern of the pubescence on the body and by the depressed mesosternal process which is excavated at the anterior margin.
Specimen examined. BOLIVIA, Yungas: male, 2.V.1948, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ).
description: Published as part of Carelli, Allan, Monné, Marcela L. & Machado, Vanessa Souza, 2013, Taxonomic revision of Trypanidius Blanchard, 1846 in South America (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), pp. 253-272 in Zootaxa 3691 (2) on page 260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3691.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247278
Obidosus trocaraincola Pinto-da-Rocha 1997
Creators: name: Osvaldo Villarreal
name: Ludson Neves de Ázara
name: Kury, Adriano Brilhante
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Opiliones
Stygnidae
Obidosus
Obidosus trocaraincola

description: Obidosus trocaraincola (Pinto-da-Rocha, 1997) new combination
Protimesius trocaraincola Pinto-da-Rocha 1997: 291, figs 413 – 420, 551 – 552, 602; Kury, 2003: 231.
Type data
³ holotype, ♀ paratype (MPEG), 1 ³ 1 ♀ paratypes (MZSP 14256), BRAZIL, Pará, Anajás (00°59 ’ S, 49°57 ʹ W); 1 ♀ (MPEG), BRAZIL, Pará, Anajás, Fazenda Morelândia, 11.xi. 1980, R.B. Neto leg.; 3 ♀ (MPEG), BRAZIL, Pará, Belém, Utinga, 2.xi. 1966, P. Waldir leg.; 1 ♀ (MPEG),
BRAZIL, Pará, margem dir. Tocantins camp, Bagagem, Tucuruí, em palmeira inajá, 10. vi. 1984, R.F. Ramos leg.
description: Published as part of Osvaldo Villarreal, Ludson Neves de Ázara & Kury, Adriano Brilhante, 2019, Revalidation of Obidosus Roewerı 1913 and description of two new cave-dwelling species of Protimesius Roewerı 1913 from Brazil (Opiliones: Stygnidae), pp. 965-989 in Journal of Natural History 53 (15) on pages 985-986, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1620893, http://zenodo.org/record/3673222
Intergenerational Justice as Opportunity
Creators: name: Page, Talbot
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1982

description: This paper contrasts two views of intergenerational justice. The first view is a global one, which focuses on the aggregate well-being of each generation and discounts future generations' utilities. In this view discounting is not a notion of intergenerational justice; instead it is defended as a necessary condition of intergenerational efficiency. And intergenerational efficiency is not advanced as a notion of intergenerational justice but as a strongly desirable condition of any intergenerational just system.
The appeal of the discounting approach is explained by a set of conditions which define neoclassical utilitarianism. Within the defining conditions, discounting future utilities is "natural," but not necessary for efficiency. The framework of intergenerational social choice also fits the defining conditions of neoclassical utilitarianism, and it is easy to construct choice rules which do not discount future utilities and yet which are intergenerationally efficient.
Although there is room within neoclassical utilitarianism for efficient rules of choice which do not discount future utilities, the second view of intergenerational justice does not appear to fit naturally within the utilitarian system. The second view of intergenerational justice is specialized, and focuses on the preservation of "essential" opportunities.
The second view becomes more appealing when the defining conditions of neoclassical utilitarianism are modified. In modifying the conditions, the notion of intergenerational efficiency becomes weaker, partly because as an ordering principle it becomes less complete and partly because potential Pareto improvements are no longer discretionary from the vantage point of the future. How much, if any, efficiency loss there might be from application of the specialized notion of intergenerational justice depends on the extent of modification of the defining conditions and the structure of institutions spanning generational time. The modified conditions appear to accord more closely with commonsense notions of intertemporal justice than do the original conditions. And thus the opportunity concept of intergenerational justice appears to be closer to our commonsense notions of intragenerational justice than does the global (discounting) concept.
description: Revised.

All the participants in the Working Group on Energy Policy and Our Obligations to Future Generations contributed my ideas, one way or another, and I would like to thank them all, and especially to thank Douglas MacLean, for his excellent and thoughtful editing. I would also like to thank Will Jones and Ed Green for helpful comments.

Published as Page, Talbot. 1983. Intergenerational Justice as Opportunity. In: Energy and the Future, edited by Douglas MacLean and Peter G. Brown. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Littlefield.
description: Published - sswp389_-_revised.pdf
Legislative Choice of Regulatory Forms: Legal Process or Administrative Process?
Creators: name: Fiorina, Morris P.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1982

description: Perhaps because of the importance and visibility of some regulatory agencies and commissions, numerous observers have come to regard the administrative form of regulation as the "logical" or "natural" method of intervening in the economy or society. In fact, however, regulation comes in a variety of forms. The administrative form might seem all pervasive upon first consideration, but a variety of legislative enactments clearly regulatory in effect such as large portions of the tax code, direct government subsidies and so forth suggest that delegation of legislative authority to administrative entities is, not so universal as is often assumed. Moreover, when viewed in historical perspective, choice of bureaucratic implementation of regulatory programs does not obviously emerge as the "logical" or "natural" method, at least not in the view of many political actors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This paper surveys a heterogeneous body of literature on the subject of regulatory origin in order to identify proposed explanations for legislative choice of administrative forms of regulation in preference to judicial enforcement of legislative enactments. The focus of the survey is on the choices made by legislators and the considerations underlying their choices. Among the latter are (1) beliefs in the inherent superiority of administrative forms, (2) efforts to escape the costs, political and otherwise, of regulating directly, (3) ideologies supportive of delegation to administrators, and (4) uncertainty about the future operation of the regulatory process. These ideas are examined in an exploratory spirit; no firm conclusions are drawn at this time.
description: Revised. Original dated to May 1981.

Prepared for delivery at the Carnegie-Mellon Conference on Political Economy, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1-2, 1981. For helpful comments and suggestions, I thank John Ferejohn, Roger Noll, Kenneth Shepsle, Barry Weingast, and participants in the Washington University Regulation Workshop and the Carnegie-Mellon Conference.

Published as Fiorina, Morris P. "Legislative choice of regulatory forms: Legal process or administrative process?." Public Choice 39.1 (1982): 33-66.
description: Submitted - sswp387_-_revised.pdf
Trypanidius isolatus Waterhouse 1890
Creators: name: Carelli, Allan
name: Monné, Marcela L.
name: Machado, Vanessa Souza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Trypanidius
Trypanidius isolatus

description: Trypanidius isolatus Waterhouse, 1890
(Figs 6, 32)
Trypanidius isolatus Waterhouse in Ridley, 1890: 555; Monné, 2005: 145.
Male. Dark brown integument. Greyish-brown pubescence on body, except for yellowish pubescence that covers head, apex of scape, pedicel, and small spots randomly distributed on pronotum, at apex of tubercles, at narrow longitudinal band in center of pronotum, as four spots on posterior margin of pronotum, on scutellum, as two longitudinal bands on base of elytra (one next to humerus and another before crest), as a spot at apical third of elytra, as a ring at apex of femora, and covering sides of body. Genae, scape, prothorax, elytra, legs and ventral surface covered with coarse, short white setae, contrasting with remainder of pubescence.
Frons flat, lower eye lobes as large as genae, with two erect setae on inner margin. Antennae with scape 1.5 times longer than antennomere 3.
Prothorax about 2 times wider than long, with some shallow punctures with setae near base; pronotal disc with two elevated ridges converging anteriorly with a postmedian elevation between them. Scutellum with a longitudinal, central, and glabrous band, extending to truncate apex. Prosternal process about three times narrower than procoxal cavity; mesosternal process 1.5 times wider than mesocoxal cavity.
Elytra 3.6 times longer than prothorax; centro-basal crest near suture and longitudinal carinae feebly produced; elytral apex obliquely truncate.
Measurements (mm). (Male). Total length: 14; prothorax length: 2.5; prothorax width: 4.5; elytral length: 10.4; humeral width: 5.9.
Type locality. Brazil, Pernambuco: Ilha Fernando de Noronha.
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Pernambuco: Ilha Fernando de Noronha).
Comments. Trypanidius isolatus differs from congeners by the color pattern of the pubescence of the body, and by the presence of some shallow punctures which are provided with setae near the base of the pronotum. The other known species have the pattern of pubescence composed of spots and bands of different colors, and the punctures of the pronotum restricted to the anterior and posterior margins.
Specimen examined. BRAZIL, Pernambuco: Fernando de Noronha, male, V.1954, M. Alvarenga leg. (MNRJ).
description: Published as part of Carelli, Allan, Monné, Marcela L. & Machado, Vanessa Souza, 2013, Taxonomic revision of Trypanidius Blanchard, 1846 in South America (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), pp. 253-272 in Zootaxa 3691 (2) on pages 260-261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3691.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247278
Elasticities of Substitution and Firm Behavior
Creators: name: Shin, Euisoon
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: This paper investigates a firm's response to a factor price change in a competitive industry. R. G. D. Allen showed that the cross factor price elasticity is related in a particular manner to the elasticity of substitution under certain conditions. By introducing functional separability in the discussion, this paper transforms Allen's equation into one which explicitly incorporates the relation between the Allen partial elasticity of substitution and the intra- and inter-group elasticities of substitution.
description: I would like to thank Roger Noll, Ed Green, and participants in the Economic Theory Workshop at Caltech.
description: Submitted - sswp385.pdf
Supplementary materials to "Knowledge in international relations: Susceptibilities to motivated reasoning among experts and non-experts"
Creators: name: Beattie, Peter
name: Snider, Danielle
Publisher: name: PsychOpen GOLD
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: international relations
subject: psychology
subject: knowledge
subject: motivated reasoning
subject: bias
subject: 150

description: Supplementary materials to: "Beattie, P., & Snider, D. (2019). Knowledge in international relations: Susceptibilities to motivated reasoning among experts and non-experts. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 7(1), 172-191. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v7i1.955"
description: Suppl 1: Survey Instrument (Knowledge Test) (pdf); Suppl. 2: Predictors of Hawkish-to-Dovish foreign policy preferences (pdf); Suppl. 3: Frequency table, correlations between theory preference and blind patriotism, and regressions predicting agreement with IR theories (pdf)
The British and American Genetics Communities, 1900-1930: A Quantitative Comparison
Creators: name: Kevles, Daniel J.
name: Kolden-Dimotakis, Susan
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: Although the United States became politically independent of Great Britain in 1776, through much of the nineteenth century its science, like its economy and high culture, remained something akin to a colonial dependency of the original mother country. The development of scientific independence varied with discipline. For evolutionary biology, the stirrings of independence began in the late nineteenth century, and by World War I, American genetics, a child of evolutionary biology, had achieved equal rank with its British counterpart.
This paper explores that change, principally via a quantitative assessment of genetics in the United States and Britain. Attention is given to the number of practitioners of the discipline, publication rates, the distribution of publishers in terms of productivity and institutional location, and the type of work done. A major conclusion is that American genetics came to challenge, and in certain ways to surpass, British genetics not only because of superiority in number of geneticists, institutions, and funds for research but because of the pluralist character of the American research system.
description: Prepared for Delivery at a Conference on Science and Colonialism, Melbourne, Australia, May 25-29, 1981.
description: Published - sswp382.pdf
Congressmen and their Constituents: 1958 and 1978
Creators: name: Fiorina, Morris P.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: In the wake of the 1978 CPS National Election Study the prevailing portrait of House elections has changed dramatically. The new portrait is more in harmony with theories developed to explain the increasingly idiosyncratic character of House elections in the 1960s and 1970s. As yet, however, there has been little direct attention devoted to the study of change at the level of the individual House voter. This paper reports on a preliminary effort in that direction based on comparisons of items from the 1958 and 1978 election studies. Four kinds of possible change are the focus of the research: (1) change in the prevalence of citizen perceptions of the House candidates, (2) change in the valence of candidate evaluations, (3) change in the substance of candidate evaluations, (4) change in the behavioral importance of particular variables. While the data show some indication of increased attentiveness to their districts on the part of contemporary incumbents, the overall impression from the data is one of less longitudinal change than might have been expected. These tentative null findings underscore the fact that the greatly changed contemporary portrait of House elections arises mainly from items newly included in the 1978 survey rather than from significant change in the data elicited by "comparable" items over time.
description: Originally prepared for presentation at the Symposium on The United States Congress, sponsored by the Department of Political Science, Boston College, January 30-31, 1981 (on the occasion of the dedication of the Thomas P. O'Neill Chair in American Politics). The research reported in this paper was supported by NSF Grant # SES 8010662. Thanks are due to Bruce Cain and John Ferejohn, who commented on an earlier version of this paper.
description: Submitted - sswp384.pdf
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1728 – Bretagne
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits de la mer
subject: poissons

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1728 avec le port "Bretagne"
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : maquereaux
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits de la mer ; poissons
description: Coverage: Petit cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: BERROU, Jean. Le Commerce maritime de Saint-Malo en 1728. DES : Histoire : Rennes : s.d. (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1026)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Recueil d'articles compilés et commentaires de Leibowitch sur la desinformation et le Sida
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021

description: 1 fichier
Incentives and the Optimally Imperfect Information Structure
Creators: name: Miller, Ross M.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: This paper constructs the optimal incentive structure for an economy through the simultaneous choice of the optimal income tax and the optimal information structure. An information structure in the economy is given by the proportion of workers whose productivity is directly observable by employers relative to the number who can only convey productivity through a signal. A second-best situation exists because the government has distributional goals and the tax it levies to achieve these goals depends on income and not on ability.
The main result of this paper is that the optimal information structure is the one where the productivity of no worker is directly observable by employers, i.e., all workers must signal productivity. This result comes about because the income tax may be adjusted when productivity is not observable to achieve any distribution of incomes that is possible when productivity is observable. In addition, the incentive effects of signaling serve to offset the disincentive effects of the income tax.
description: Revised. Original dated to May 1981.

I would like to thank Mary O'Keeffe, Louis Wilde, Edward Green and members of the Caltech Theory Workshop for their useful comments.
description: Published - sswp383_-_revised.pdf
Coendou bicolor Tschudi 1844
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Erethizontidae
Coendou
Coendou bicolor

description: Coendou bicolor Tschudi 1844
Coendou bicolor Tschudi 1844, Fauna Peruana: 186.
Type Locality: Peru, Junín Debt., between Tulumayo and Chanchamayo Rivers.
Vernacular Names: Bicolored-spined Porcupine.
Subspecies::
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor Tschudi 1844
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. quichua Thomas 1899
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. richardsoni Allen 1913
Subspecies Coendou bicolor subsp. simonsi Thomas 1902
Distribution: Bolivia, Peru, Andean and W Ecuador, N Colombia, SW Colombia; up to 2,500 m.
Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc). Locally common.
Discussion: May include rothschildi (Hall, 1981:854), which Corbet and Hill (1991:200) listed as a subspecies of bicolor (see comments under rothschildi). Emmons and Feer (1997:218) and Alberico et al. (1999) considered quichua of the Andes of Ecuador and Colombia to be a distinct species based on small size and shorter tail. Emmons and Feer (1997:218) suggested that richardsoni may be a valid species or allied with rothschildi, whereas Alberico et al. (1999) recognized it as a distinct species. We tentatively retain these three subspecies, awaiting a needed comprehensive review of Coendou.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Erethizontidae, pp. 1545-1550 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 1547, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535
Trypanidius albosignatus Melzer 1932
Creators: name: Carelli, Allan
name: Monné, Marcela L.
name: Machado, Vanessa Souza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Trypanidius
Trypanidius albosignatus

description: Trypanidius albosignatus Melzer, 1932
(Figs 20, 22, 34)
Trypanidius albosignatus Melzer, 1932: 226, pl. 4, fig. 12; Monné, 2005: 145; Monné et al., 2010: 245.
Male. Brown to dark Brown integument. Body covered with yellowish-brown pubescence except for whitish pubescence on two transverse bands on elytra (one on median region and another at beginning of apical fourth); dark brown pubescence on posterior margin of pronotum, on sides of scutellum, in elytral spots around scutellum, in spot on apical third of elytra, in spot on humeri, in lateral spot on the median region of elytra and on elytral spots which are variable in shape and randomly distributed.
Frons distinctly convex, lower eye lobes 2 times larger than genae and two erect setae on inner margin. Antennae with scape 1.6 times longer than antennomere 3.
Prothorax 1.7 times wider than long; pronotal disc with two elevated ridges converging anteriorly with a postmedian elevation between them. Scutellum with truncate apex. Prosternal process three times narrower than procoxal cavity; mesosternal process as wide as mesocoxal cavity.
Elytra 3.8 times longer than prothorax; centro-basal crest near suture and longitudinal carinae feebly produced; apex truncate.
Measurements (mm). (Male/Female). Total length: 11.1/12; prothorax length: 2.1/2.2; prothorax width: 3.5/ 3.8; elytral length: 7.8/8.8; humeral width: 4.4/4.9.
Type locality. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia (MZSP).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Bahia to Rio de Janeiro).
Comments. Trypanidius albosignatus differs from all other described species of this genus by the color pattern of the pubescence of the body, and the distinctly convex frons. In the other species, the frons is flat or slightly convex.
Specimen examined. BRAZIL, Bahia: Encruzilhada, 960m, Estrada Rio-Bahia km 965, male, female, XI.1970, C.A. Campos Seabra and O. Roppa leg.; Espírito Santo: Vargem Alta, male, 1940. All in the MNRJ collection.
description: Published as part of Carelli, Allan, Monné, Marcela L. & Machado, Vanessa Souza, 2013, Taxonomic revision of Trypanidius Blanchard, 1846 in South America (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), pp. 253-272 in Zootaxa 3691 (2) on page 262, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3691.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/247278
Competitive Equilibria in Markets for Heterogeneous Goods Under Imperfect Information: A Theoretical Analysis with Policy Implications
Creators: name: Schwartz, Alan
name: Wilde, Louis L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981
Subjects: Consumer prices, Consumer goods, Goods, Consumer equilibrium, Market prices, Shopping, Marginal costs, Consumer behavior, Retail stores, Consumer preferences

description: This paper characterizes necessary and sufficient conditions for heterogeneous search goods to trade at their competitive prices, and derives policy implications from these conditions. The model differs from earlier search equilibrium models in that it assumes the existence of product heterogeniety.
Our principle conclusions are that markets for heterogeneous search goods tend rather easily to segment into homogeneous subsets; when they do not, heterogeniety can work against the existence of competitive equilibria because it dilutes the effectiveness of search. Nevertheless, the likelihood of competitive equilibria obtaining in heterogeneous search goods markets can often be increased by reducing the costs to consumers of directly comparing purchase alternatives.
description: This research was supported by NSF Grant No. DAR-8016066. Edward J. Green, John Ferejohn, and James Strnad made helpful comments on prior drafts. The paper also benefited from a conversation with Michael Rothchild and presentation at the UCLA Law and Economics workshop.

Published as Schwartz, Alan, and Louis L. Wilde. "Competitive equilibria in markets for heterogeneous goods under imperfect information: a theoretical analysis with policy implications." The Bell Journal of Economics (1982): 181-193.
description: Submitted - sswp381.pdf
Marketable Permits: What's All the Fuss About?
Creators: name: Hahn, Robert W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981
Subjects: Pollutant emissions, Emissions reduction, Emissions policy, Emission standards, Air pollution, Industrial regulation, Sulfur oxides, Emissions regulations, Environmental pollution, Air quality

description: While the theoretical case for applying market mechanisms to control pollution is persuasive, there are several stumbling blocks which arise in their application. This paper examines some of the key implementation issues which must be addressed in designing a marketable permit scheme. The issues are brought into focus by considering a particular example—the control of sulfur oxides emissions in Los Angeles.
description: The work reported here was supported in part by the California Air Resources Board. This paper has benefited from discussions with Jim Krier, Eric Lemke and Roger Noll. The views expressed herein, including any remaining errors, are solely the responsibility of the author.

Published as Robert W. Hahn. "Marketable Permits: What's All the Fuss About?." Journal of Public Policy 2.4 (1982): 395-411.
description: Published - sswp380.pdf
Maritime Zones Act, 1976 and the Draft Treaty: The Question of Ratification
Creators: name: Shyam, Manjula R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: This paper makes a comparative analysis between the Indian Maritime Zones Act, 1976 and the Draft Treaty on the Law of the Sea. The Treaty will constrict the rights of the coastal state to control overflight and navigation of foreign vessels in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf. It will also impose obligations on the coastal state beyond those enumerated in the Indian Maritime Zones Act. The Treaty however, will still deserve to be ratified and supported by India because the advantages of  ratification will greatly outweigh the disadvantages.
description: Submitted - sswp379.pdf
The New International Economic Order and the New Regime for Fisheries Management
Creators: name: Shyam, Manjula R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981

description: The 200-mile exclusive economic zone for fisheries management is criticized by some as being inconsistent with demands for a New International Economic Order. This paper examines the implications of the new fisheries regime for the developing countries. While the regime is no panacea, it will improve the allocation of resources and the bargaining leverage of developing countries. Their long run success in achieving nutritional, employment and commercial benefits will depend upon availability of infrastructure and venture capital for processing and marketing of the catch, sea-orientation among the people and the pattern of economic concentration within.
description: Published as Shyam, Manjula R. "The New International Economic Order and the new regime for fisheries management." Ocean Management 8.1 (1982): 51-64.
description: Published - sswp378.pdf
title: Oligopoly Extraction of a Nonrenewable Common Property Resource: The Importance of the Period of Commitment in Dynamic Games
title: Oligopoly Extraction of a Common Property Natural Resource: The Importance of the Period of Commitment in Dynamic Games
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Reinganum, Jennifer F.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1981
Subjects: Nash equilibrium, Dynamic games, Economic models, Nonrenewable resources, Joint ownership, Oligopolies, Resource ownership, Economic commitments, Financial investments, Economic externalities

description: This paper is concerned with oligopolistic extraction of a deposit of a nonrenewable resource which is common property. A simple model of a resource market is presented and Nash equilibria are computed. The model is one which has been of particular interest in the early literature on competitive versus monopolistic exploitation. This paper extends the analysis of this model to intermediate market structures. Any analysis of a noncooperative dynamic game must involve specification of the appropriate strategy space. Thus this paper is also concerned with the question: what are appropriate strategies for the analysis of noncooperative resource extraction?
description: Published as Reinganum, Jennifer F. and Stokey, Nancy L. "Oligopoly Extraction of a Common Property Natural Resource: The Importance of the Period of Commitment in Dynamic Games," International Economic Review 26 (Feb. 1985):161-174.
Euops (Riedeliops) rasuwanus Legalov, comb. n.
Creators: name: Riedel, Alexander
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Attelabidae
Euops
Euops rasuwanus

description: Euops (Riedeliops) rasuwanus (Legalov) comb. n.
Riedeliops rasuwanus Legalov, 2003: 386, 2007: 236. (type locality: Rasuwa, Shin Gompa env., Langtang N.P., Nepal). Parasynatops bengalensis Legalov, 2007: 239. (type locality: Lopchu, Darjeeling) syn. n.
Note. This species is from the Himalaya region. Examination of the holotype of E. (Parasynaptops) bengalensis Legalov, 2007 and a paratype of Euops (Riedeliops) rasuwanus (Legalov), 2003 revealed that both belong to the same species. The type of E. bengalensis is a female in teneral condition and therefore of slightly paler in colour. No significant differences exist.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Alexander, 2009, A taxonomic study of the Indian species of Euops Schoenherr (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Attelabidae), pp. 1-56 in Zootaxa 2125 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188214
Guerre et Père
Creators: name: Juliot, Caroline
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: autobiographie ; autorité ; génie ; guerre ; je ; Léopold Hugo ; Hugo ; narrateur ; paternité ; Quatrevingt-Treize ; Révolution française ; témoignage ; transmission ; Vendée.

description: Relation: https://groupehugo.hypotheses.org
description: date: 2020/09/14
Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor Tschudi 1844
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Erethizontidae
Coendou
Coendou bicolor
Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor tschudi 1844

description: Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor Tschudi 1844
Coendou bicolor subsp. bicolor Tschudi 1844, Fauna Peruana: 186.
Type Locality: Peru, Junín Debt., between Tulumayo and Chanchamayo Rivers.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Rodentia - Family Erethizontidae, pp. 1545-1550 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 1547, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316535