cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Barriers and drivers to stakeholder engagement in global mental health projects
Creators: name: Murphy, Jill K.
name: Qureshi, Onaiza
name: Endale, Tarik
name: Esponda, Georgina M.
name: Pathare, Soumitra
name: Eaton, Julian
name: De Silva, Mary
name: Ryan, Grace
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background: Engagement with diverse stakeholders, including policy makers, care providers and service users and communities, is essential for successful implementation of global mental health interventions. Despite being a fundamental factor in the implementation process, evidence about challenges and drivers to stakeholder engagement is limited in the global mental health literature. Methods: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 29 recipients of Grand Challenges Canada Global Mental Health funding to assess barriers and drivers to global mental health implementation across a portfolio of projects. We used framework analysis to identify key themes related to implementation barriers and drivers. This paper reports on barriers and drivers to stakeholder engagement, with results related to capacity development and service delivery reported elsewhere in this journal. Results: Barriers and drivers to stakeholder engagement were identified across four themes: (1) Contextual Considerations, (2) Resources, (3) Participation, Uptake and Empowerment, and (4) Stigma. While complex contextual challenges create barriers, mechanisms such as formative research can facilitate a deeper contextual understanding that supports effective implementation planning. Limited financial and human resources and competing priorities can lead to substantial challenges. Investing in and leveraging existing local resources and expertise can help to mitigate these barriers. The challenge of achieving active participation from stakeholders and diverging expectations about the nature of participation were identified as barriers, while providing opportunities for meaningful participation and empowerment acted as drivers. Stigma at the institutional, community and individual level was also identified as a substantial barrier to engagement. Conclusion: The findings of this study are relevant to implementers in global mental health. They also have implications for global mental health funding agencies and policy organizations, who can support improved stakeholder engagement by investing in high-quality formative research, supporting capacity building for policy engagement, investing in longer-term funding schemes to support sustainable partnerships and scale-up, thus fostering successful engagement and supporting effective implementation of global mental health innovations.
Comparison of calves’ rearing parameters in two different housing systems: indoor versus outdoor hutches
Creators: name: Wójcik, Agata
name: Nałęcz-Tarwacka, Teresa
name: Gołębiewski, Marcin
Publisher: name: Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 570 Life sciences

description: Archiv Tierzucht 56 (2013) 63, 628-637; ISSN 0003-9438
Nanoindentation reveals mechanical properties within thermally sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings
Creators: name: Saber-Samandari, Saeed
name: Gross, Karlis A.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Nanoindentation offers a unique capability to assess the mechanical properties of polished cross-sections of thermal spray coatings. This study set out to investigate the suitability of nanoindentation to extend the analysis of the cross-section to multiple points for a more detailed insight into variations through the thickness of the coating. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was classified to three different particle sizes (20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 μm) and then thermally sprayed to produce a structurally homogeneous coating. Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (MRS) revealed dehydroxylation of the powder during the traverse in the thermal zone. Multiple indentations with a separation of 4 μm showed a transition within the thickness of the coating. Use of smaller particles led to higher hardness and elastic modulus compared to powder containing larger particles. The mechanical property profile provides valuable information for optimizing the processing of such coatings and feedback for the design of coating properties.
Umweltgerechtigkeit im städtischen Raum - Entwicklung von praxistauglichen Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Minderung sozial ungleich verteilter Umweltbelastungen
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Umweltgerechtigkeit
subject: Umwelt
subject: Gesundheit
subject: Daten
subject: Monitoring
subject: Stadtplanung
subject: Allgemeine Gesundheit
subject: soziale Lage
subject: Mehrfachbelastung
subject: Stadtplanung und -entwicklung
subject: Kommunalpolitik
subject: Sozialraumorientierung
subject: Gesundheit
subject: Health

description: Das Forschungsvorhaben soll Grundlagen und Empfehlungen erarbeiten, um das neue Querschnittsthema Umweltgerechtigkeit im kommunalen Handeln zu implementieren. Folgende Fragen stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt: Wie lässt sich die integrierte Betrachtung von Umwelt, Gesundheit, Sozialem als Planungs- und Entscheidungsgrundlage in der kommunalen Praxis verankern? Welche Instrumente sind geeignet, der ungleichen sozialräumlichen Verteilung von gesundheitsrelevanten Umweltbelastungen und von Umweltressourcen entgegenzuwirken?, Welche Ergebnisse werden bei der modellhaften Erprobung und Validierung von Instrumenten, Verfahren und Maßnahmen zur Schaffung von mehr Umweltgerechtigkeit in ausgesuchten Kommunen erzielt?, Welche Handlungsempfehlungen lassen sich für die Implementierung des Themas Umweltgerechtigkeit in den Kommunen ableiten?
Quelle: www.umweltbundesamt.de

description: Das Forschungsvorhaben soll Grundlagen und Empfehlungen erarbeiten, um das neue Querschnittsthema Umweltgerechtigkeit im kommunalen Handeln zu implementieren. Folgende Fragen stehen dabei im Mittelpunkt: Wie lässt sich die integrierte Betrachtung von Umwelt, Gesundheit, Sozialem als Planungs- und Entscheidungsgrundlage in der kommunalen Praxis verankern? Welche Instrumente sind geeignet, der ungleichen sozialräumlichen Verteilung von gesundheitsrelevanten Umweltbelastungen und von Umweltressourcen entgegenzuwirken?, Welche Ergebnisse werden bei der modellhaften Erprobung und Validierung von Instrumenten, Verfahren und Maßnahmen zur Schaffung von mehr Umweltgerechtigkeit in ausgesuchten Kommunen erzielt?, Welche Handlungsempfehlungen lassen sich für die Implementierung des Themas Umweltgerechtigkeit in den Kommunen ableiten?
Additional file 1 of Neurocognitive impact of different irradiation modalities for patients with grade I-II skull base meningioma: a prospective multi-arm cohort study (CANCER COG)
Creators: name: Lesueur, Paul
name: Joly, Florence
name: Clarisse, Benedicte
name: Lequesne, Justine
name: Stefan, Dinu
name: Balosso, Jacques
name: Lange, Marie
name: Thureau, Sebastien
name: Capel, Aurelie
name: Castera, Marie
name: Legrand, Berenice
name: Goliot, Nicolas
name: Grellard, Jean Michel
name: Tessonier, Thomas
name: Castel, Helene
name: Valable, Samuel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Numerical simulation of Stirling cycle heat pumps by simple adiabatic method
Creators: name: Minale, Temesgen Assefa
name: Lanzetta, François
name: Begot, Sylvie
name: Getie, Muluken Z
Publisher: name: Société Française de Thermique
Year: 2024
Subjects: Stirling
heat pump
simple adiabatic
pressure drop
regenerator imperfection and conduction loss

description: The building industry significantly increases energy consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly in residential areas, due to the power source that the buildings use fuel and hydrochlorofluorocarbon working fluids for heating and cooling applications. Therefore, the Stirling heat pump is a heating technology for residential and commercial buildings due to its natural working fluids. Several researches have been done on Stirling engines and cry coolers, but there is little attention to the Stirling heat pump development. A reliable numerical model shall be developed to estimate the power input, coefficient of performance, and other characteristics of a Stirling cycle heat pump and give valuable information for future research. The current study develops a numerical model called the simple model, which considers regenerator imperfection losses and conduction losses. This model is applied to the geometry of the FEMTO-60 engine to investigate the effect of different parameters on its performance. The simulation result shows the pressure drop in the regenerator, cooler, and heater at different crank angles, and it is maximum at the regenerator. The study also shows the effect of working fluid on its performance and compares the simple model with the ideal adiabatic and Schmidt Analyzes of the Stirling heat pump. The simulation results using Helium a working fluid at a pressure of 4.13 MPa indicate a COP of 1.2, 1.3 and 1.42 for simple, ideal adiabatic, and Schmidt analyses, respectively.
Repurposing Avermectins and Milbemycins against Mycobacteroides abscessus and Other Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Creators: name: Muñoz-Muñoz, Lara
name: Shoen, Carolyn
name: Sweet, Gaye
name: Vitoria, Asunción
name: Bull, Tim J.
name: Cynamon, Michael
name: Thompson, Charles J.
name: Ramón-García, Santiago
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2021

description: Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing worldwide, resulting in a new global health concern. NTM treatment is complex and requires combinations of several drugs for lengthy periods. In spite of this, NTM disease is often associated with poor treatment outcomes. The anti-parasitic family of macrocyclic lactones (ML) (divided in two subfamilies: avermectins and milbemycins) was previously described as having activity against mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, and Mycobacterium marinum, among others. Here, we aimed to characterize the in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of ML against a wide range of NTM species, including Mycobacteroides abscessus. For this, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of eight ML were determined against 80 strains belonging to nine different NTM species. Macrocyclic lactones showed variable ranges of anti-mycobacterial activity that were compound and species-dependent. Milbemycin oxime was the most active compound, displaying broad-spectrum activity with MIC lower than 8 mg/L. Time kill assays confirmed MIC data and showed bactericidal and sterilizing activity of some compounds. Macrocyclic lactones are available in many formulations and have been extensively used in veterinary and human medicine with suitable pharmacokinetics and safety properties. This information could be exploited to explore repurposing of anti-helminthics for NTM therapy.
Retour d'expérience d'une revue en accès ouvert : l'exemple d'Activités
Creators: name: CERF, Marianne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Retour d'expérience d'une revue scientifique en modèle diamant, publiée sur OpenEdition, autour des questions suivantes : Comment proposer de nouveaux modèles de publication en science ouverte ? Comment faire vivre une revue dans une logique non commerciale ?
title: Mesure de la conductivité thermique de matériaux isolants bio/géosourcés humides
Creators: name: El Assaad, Machhour
name: Plantec, Yohan
name: Colinart, Thibaut
name: Lecompte, Thibaut
Publisher: name: Société Française de Thermique
Year: 2024
Subjects: Matériaux isolants
Transferts d'humidité
Equilibre hygrothermique

description: Conna\^{i}tre les évolutions de la conductivité thermique d'un matériau en fonction de la température et de la teneur en eau est utile pour affiner la prédiction des performances énergétiques des b\^{a}timents ou le confort hygrothermique. Les mesures sur des matériaux humides par des méthodes en régime permanent s'accompagnent de transferts d'humidité du coté chaud vers le coté froid de l'échantillon et donc de transferts latents pouvant altérer la précision de la mesure. L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner l'impact de ces transferts d'humidité dans divers matériaux isolants bio/géosourcé humides lors des mesures de conductivité thermique par une méthode fluxmétrique. Les matériaux testés sont le béton cellulaire, les bétons biosourcés, la ouate de cellulose et les isolants en fibre de bois. Les résultats sont examinés pour prédire la durée de l'essai conduisant à l'équilibre hygrothermique au sein de l'échantillon, pour évaluer la dépendance expérimentale de la conductivité thermique à l'humidité, pour quantifier les erreurs commises en cas d'interruption prématurée de l'essai et enfin pour tester une méthode permettant de réduire le nombre d'essai.
Colony Forming Unit Endothelial Cells Do not Exhibit Telomerase Alternative Splicing Variants and Activity
Creators: name: Attar, Armin
name: Maharlooi, Mohsen Khosravi
name: Khoshkhou, Sara
name: Hosseini, Ahmad
name: Jaberipour, Mansoureh
name: Dehghan, Arman
name: Monabati, Ahmad
Publisher: name: the Pasteur Institute of Iran
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Basic Sciences

description: Iranian Biomedical Journal (IBJ); ISSN 1028-852X
Towards a socio-ecological system understanding of urban flood risk and barriers to climate change adaptation using causal loop diagrams
Creators: name: Hanf, Franziska S.
name: Ament, Felix
name: Boettcher, Marita
name: Burgemeister, Finn
name: Gaslikova, Lidia
name: Hoffmann, Peter
name: Knieling, Jörg
name: Matthias, Volker
name: Meier, Linda
name: Pein, Johannes
name: Poschlod, Benjamin
name: Quante, Markus
name: Ratzke, Leonie
name: Rudolph, Elisabeth
name: Scheffran, Jürgen
name: Schlünzen, K. Heinke
name: Shokri, Nima
name: Sillmann, Jana
name: Vogelbacher, Anastasia
name: von Szombathely, Malte
name: Wickel, Martin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: While cities are facing increasing challenges of flood risk due to combined effects of climate change and socioeconomic development, understanding of the complexity of urban flood risk is still limited, hampering decision-making and urban adaptation planning. This study presents a qualitative system dynamics modelling framework to investigate urban flood risk and adaptation under climate change in a coupled socio-ecological system, the city of Hamburg. The developed integrated conceptual model provides a holistic understanding of key physical and socio-economic processes and the role of feedback loops underlying the urban system, and contributes to the understanding of vicious cycles of barriers that perpetuate and hinder adaptation processes within cities. The qualitative approach can help to break down silo-thinking in urban flood risk assessments. Decision-makers could use the framework to understand the complexity of interactions among multiple drivers of flood risk to overcome barriers and lock-in effects to adaptation in cities.
All Documents from Freedom of Information Act Request USTR_FY21-87
Creators: name: Russ, Katheryn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: lobbying, private sector, commercial determinants of health, world health organization, federal government

description: This material consists of One file (Adobe pdf format) obtained as the final response to (consolidated) Freedom of Information Act Request USTR-FY21-87 from the Information Office of the United States Trade Representative, and One printout (Adobe pdf format) of correspondence from the Office of the United States Trade Representative’s Information Office confirming receipt of the Freedom of Information Act request and announcing delivery of the final response. Stamped page numbers have been added by Katheryn Russ to the top right-hand-corner of each page of the pdf file from the Information Office (Item 1 above) to allow for direct reference in research drawing on the documents. These have a lettered prefix to differentiate them from other page numbers assigned by the originators of the documents and the USTR Information Office. The pdf file contains email correspondence between a number of private sector associations and the Office of the United States Trade Representative about issues related to the World Health Organization. These documents are cited in an article accepted for publication in the journal Global Health Governance: The Scholarly Journal for the New Health Security Paradigm (http://www.ghgj.org), titled "Corporate lobbying on US positions toward the World Health Organization: Evidence of intensification and cross-industry coordination," (Volume XII, No.1, Spring 2022) by Katheryn N. Russ, Phillip Baker, Manho Kang, and David McCoy.
description: The research citing these documents was supported by funding from FHI 360/Alive & Thrive.
Entrepreneurship as a self-organizing ecological process
Creators: name: List, Dennis
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper argues that entrepreneurship on a small scale can usefully be studied in terms of industrial networks as well as individual businesses. Within a certain industry, in a certain region, businesses may come and go, but the industry as a whole can remain sustainable. The key proposition is that entrepreneurship in such a situation can be viewed as an ecosystem of self-organizing entities, with the foresight of the various parties acting as a force for sustainability. The foresight that impels some businesses to enter the industry may be counterbalanced by foresight that impels others to leave. From the literature on self-organizing systems, five criteria were established for viable self-organization: purpose, capacity, holarchy, social networking, and sustainability through feedback mechanisms.
Additional file 1 of Comparative effectiveness of morning and evening aerobic exercise on weight loss and physical fitness in Chinese college students with overweight and obesity
Creators: name: Sun, Jingyu
name: Jia, Nannan
name: Xu, Yaning
name: Guo, Dakai
name: Lu, Tianfeng
name: Chen, Jiajia
name: Chu, Hang
name: Zhang, Zhangxiaohe
name: Yao, Ke
name: Zhao, Rongji
name: Chen, Tao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Basic Information Questionnaire.
Additional file 1 of “Why shouldn’t I expect a lot from life?” – a qualitative study of what facilitates long-term recovery in first-episode psychosis
Creators: name: Åsbø, Gina
name: Haavind, Hanne
name: Kruse, Sindre Hembre
name: Wold, Kristin Fjelnseth
name: Hegelstad, Wenche ten Velden
name: Romm, Kristin Lie
name: Slade, Mike
name: Ueland, Torill
name: Melle, Ingrid
name: Simonsen, Carmen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Strategische Umweltprüfung und (neuartige) Pläne und Programme auf Bundesebene - Methoden, Verfahren und Rechtsgrundlagen
Creators: name: Köppel, Johann
name: Geißler, Gesa
name: Rehhausen, Anke
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strategische Umweltprüfung
subject: SUP
subject: Nachhaltigkeit | Strategien | Internationales

description: Im Forschungsbericht "Strategische Umweltprüfung und (neuartige) Pläne und Programme auf Bundesebene" unterziehen die Verfasserinnen und Verfasser erstmals die auf der Bundesebene durchgeführten Strategischen Umweltprüfungen (SUP) einer systematischen Analyse. Basierend auf einer Auswertung von 18 SUP, darunter drei detaillierte Vertiefungsstudien in den Themenbereichen Bedarfsplanung Höchstspannungsnetzausbau, Bundesverkehrswegeplanung und ⁠Raumordnung⁠ in der deutschen AWZ, geben sie Empfehlungen für eine Optimierung der Strategischen Umweltprüfungen von Bundesbehörden.
Identification and Characterization of Metallo-β-Lactamases Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates in University Hospital from Zanjan Province, Iran
Creators: name: Doosti, Masoumeh
name: Ramazani, Ali
name: Garshasbi, Maryam
Publisher: name: the Pasteur Institute of Iran
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Basic Sciences

description: Iranian Biomedical Journal (IBJ); ISSN 1028-852X
Hydration Practices of Subjects in a Cold-weather Marathon and Half-Marathon
Creators: name: O'Dea, Namrita
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Purpose: To examine hydration practices and risk factors, including the over-consumption of fluids as measured by weight gain, associated with hyponatremia in non-elite runners participating in a cold weather half-marathon and marathon, and to observe gender-related differences in pre- to post-race weight change. Methods: Using an IRB-approved protocol, pre-race weight was measured and participants completed a pre-race questionnaire that included questions on age, gender, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, hydration beverage preferences, and race experience. Weight was also measured on participating racers shortly after they crossed the finish line, where a post-race questionnaire was also completed. Post-race questions related to during-race behaviors, including during-race fluid consumption frequency, fluid types consumed, number of urination stops, NSAID use just prior to race, and time to complete the race. Results: Pre- and post-race weights were measured for 17 marathon and 75 half-marathon participants. Marathon: The mean weight change for marathon participants was non-significant (-0.56 kg + 1.25; p=0.08). There was a statistically significant difference (p=0.012) in weight change between those who took NSAIDs prior to the race (+0.9 kg ñ 1.4) and those who did not (-0.86 kg ñ 1.0). Half-marathon: The mean weight change for half-marathon participants was non-significant (+0.14 kg + 1.2; p=0.33). There was a significantly different (p < .01) weight change between males (-0.57 kg ñ 0.94) and females (+0.73 kg ñ 1.1). There was no statistically significant difference in weight change between those who took NSAIDs and those who did not. Fluid consumption frequency was positively correlated with weight change (R=0.335; p=0.006) in half-marathon participants and (R=0.407; p=0.015) in female half-marathon participants, and finishing time was positively correlated with weight change (R=0.356, p=0.003). Conclusions: On average, the race-related weight change in the marathon runners was negative and not statistically significant, and the race-related weight change in the half-marathoners was positive and not statistically significant. Marathoners who used NSAIDs before the race gained significantly more weight than those who did not. Fluid consumption frequency in the half-marathoners was positively correlated with weight change, and finishing time in half-marathoners was positively correlated with weight change. On average, there was a significant difference (p<.01) in weight gain/loss pattern in males and females, with male half-marathoners losing weight and female half-marathoners gaining weight. These data suggest that females, slower runners, and those using NSAIDs prior to a cold weather endurance event may be at higher risk for over-hydration (as measured by weight gain), which is a major risk factor in hyponatremia.
Relationships between Mother's Body Type/Size, Attitude Towards Physical Activity and Daughter's Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Score in African Americans
Creators: name: Cooksey, Tonya
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level of daughters and their mothers? body type/size and attitude towards physical activity in African Americans was investigated. 51 subjects were recruited. Subjects completed the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and an attitudinal questionnaire. Subjects? height and weight were measured. Mother?s body type/size was found to be weakly associated with daughter?s BMI (r=0.28, p=0.051). Mother?s overall attitude towards physical activity was not associated with daughter?s IPAQ score. The results suggest mother?s body type/size and select components of the mother?s attitude are related daughter?s BMI and physical activity level.
The career advancement of young Australian women in accounting
Creators: name: Kloot, Louise
name: Pike, Robyn
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper briefly examines some of the gender literature as it relates to young women progressing to senior and managerial roles in accounting. It then reports on a pilot study of five young female accountants and evaluates their perceptions of factors such as networking and mentoring in their career progression. Overall, it appears that young women see few impediments to their careers in accounting, although the evidence of limited women at the top suggests otherwise.
title: Etude d'un système de récupération de chaleur sur eaux grises couplé à un chauffe eau thermodynamique
Creators: name: Bouvenot, Jean-Baptiste
name: Beaudet, Cyprien
Publisher: name: Société Française de Thermique
Year: 2024
Subjects: Eaux grises
Récupération de chaleur
Chauffe eau thermodynamique

description: Cette étude vise à évaluer l'impact du couplage entre un chauffe-eau thermodynamique et un récupérateur de chaleur sur eaux grises et à en évaluer les performances en comparaison à un cas de référence (chauffe-eau électrique) sur la production d'eau chaude sanitaire. Cette étude se base d'abord sur une étude expérimentale permettant d'établir des modèles théoriques prenant en considération les effets dynamiques et l'encrassement de l'échangeur. Un modèle de type "carte de performance" est utilisé pour la pompe à chaleur. Enfin, le ballon est modélisé via un modèle stratifié issu du logiciel TRNSYS. Les résultats montrent un impact significatif de l'encrassement sur les performances de l'échangeur mais des gains importants sur les consommations énergétiques (> 50 \%). L'impact du préchauffage de l'eau froide sur le coefficient de performance de la pompe à chaleur est sensible (- 10 \% environ) mais le gain énergétique global de la combinaison de ces 2 technologies reste significatif.
Association between Serum Vitamin D Concentrations and Depression in the US Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994
Creators: name: Milone, Cristiana
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Background: The role of nutrients in mental health has recently been recognized and investigated. Vitamin D has been known to play a role in a wide range of diseases, such as bone, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Recently, its role in cognitive function and mental health has been reported. Vitamin D receptor and hydroxylases have been mapped throughout the brain, suggesting a role for vitamin D in brain tissue. An inverse association between vitamin D and depression was observed in European epidemiologic studies. There is a paucity of data on the association between vitamin D concentrations and depression in the U.S. population. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and depression in a large, nationally representative sample survey, the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III). Methods: The study sample included 7970 adults, ages 15-39 years, who completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for depression and had vitamin D concentrations measured. SAS and SUDAAN statistical software packages were used in data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of having depression in vitamin D deficient persons in relation to vitamin D sufficient persons, after taking several confounding variables into consideration. Significance was set at à < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in women than in men (24 % vs. 15%), higher in African-Americans than in whites (60% vs. 10%), higher in people   living in metropolitan rather than in rural areas (25% vs. 14%), and higher in subjects below the poverty threshold than in higher income subjects (29% vs. 14%). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased as BMI increased. The diagnostic variables for depression did not show an association with vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for several confounding factors. However, subjects having a depressive episode at the time of the interview, were significantly more likely to exhibit vitamin D deficiencies (OR = 1.85; P = 0.0210). Conclusions: This is the first large epidemiologic study on the association between vitamin D and depression in a US representative sample survey. A significant positive association was found between subjects having an episode of depression and vitamin D deficiency. However, a causal relationship could not be established due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Further studies need to investigate the mechanistic and causal relation between vitamin D and depression.
Outcomes of the 2008 Georgia Senior Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
Creators: name: Ledford, Laurie
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Background: The Georgia Senior Farmers? Market Nutrition Program (GSFMNP) is intended to increase consumption of fruits and vegetables among Georgia?s low-income, older adults. The program provides $20 in vouchers with which participants may purchase Georgia-grown fruits and vegetables at approved farmers? markets. Similar programs operate in other states, and studies suggest that these programs are successful in increasing fruit and vegetable intake among participants. However, because Georgia?s program operates somewhat differently, offering only a single market event at most locations, it may have different results. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not produce purchased at GSFMNP events in 2008 contributed to an increase in the fruit and vegetable intakes of the participants and to identify factors that may have influenced those intakes. The study focused on purchase, consumption, preservation, waste, and sharing of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Methods: For this qualitative study, a sample of 198 GSFMNP participants was surveyed from ten metro Atlanta senior centers where markets were held in August and September of 2008. Descriptive statistics were produced to summarize purchase behaviors, food utilization behaviors, and attitudes. Analyses of relationships between variables were performed using Pearson chi-square tests.

Results: Twenty-seven percent of subjects reported consuming more fruits and vegetables than usual in the week following the farmers? market event. There was a significant association between a larger than usual purchase amount and increased intake. There was also a significant association between increased intake and sharing purchased items. No significant associations with increased intake were found for variety of items purchased, preserving food, or discarding food. Those who purchased more fresh produce than usual appeared to be more likely to share their food with others but were not more likely to discard food. Ninety-seven percent of subjects said they would participate in the program again.

Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the majority of GSFMNP participants did not increase their intakes of fruits and vegetables. Sharing, preserving, and discarding food did not appear to be responsible for this outcome. More research is needed to discover what strategies could increase fruit and vegetable intakes among participants of the GSFMNP.
Within-Day Energy Balance and the Relationship to Injury Rates in Pre-Professional Ballet Dancers.
Creators: name: Harrison, Emily
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Introduction: Ballet dancers? body weight and BMI have been shown to be below recommended levels, and total energy intake is often sustained at a level below the predicted energy requirement. Less is known about the ability of dancers to manage energy balance (EB) during the day, as energy requirements fluctuate as a result of periods of rest and intense activity. Compromised EB may result in decreased athletic performance, higher body fat percentage, and increased injury risk.

Purpose: To assess within-day energy balance (WIDEB) during a typical training day in a group of pre-professional ballet dancers and dancers in the early years of professional careers, and to assess the relationship between inadequate EB and injury rates in these dancers.

Methods: A two part assessment tool was developed to measure energy intake and energy expenditure hour by hour within a single 24 hour time period. Body mass index (BMI), resting energy expenditure, total day energy balance, and energy deficits > -400 kcal were also used in analysis. Participants were asked to document number of injuries incurred within the previous dance season, and how many days the injury resulted in one or more complete or partial sessions of time lost beyond the injury itself. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Spearman?s correlation to evaluate relationships between EB and injury rates.

Results: Data were collected from 21 (5 males, 16 females) pre-professional and professional ballet dancers from the Atlanta Ballet. Average BMI was 21.9 ñ1.4 for male dancers (MD) and 19.1 ñ1.0 for female dancers (FD). Negative energy balance (EB) was found at hour 24 in 90.5% participants. Average energy intake for all dancers was 2,382 kcal (ñ 921) and the average predicted energy expenditure was 3,317 kcal (ñ 592). Mean EB at hour 24 for all participants was -781.2 (ñ689.4). The average day EB for males was -223.6 (ñ629.7) and -1156.9 (ñ582.5) for females. The largest energy deficits (>900 kcal) compared to estimated expenditures were found between the hours 17 and 20. Participants spent an average of 660.0 (ñ192.6) minutes per day in negative EB > - 400 kcal. Total group (TG) injury days and energy deficit data (number of minutes > - 400 kcal) were not significantly correlated. Number of minutes > - 400 kcal and number of injuries reported per dancer were correlated (r = -0.44 P = 0.046). MD (n = 5) injury days were significantly associated with EB at hours 1 through 7 (r = 0.90 P = 0.37). MD total number of times injured was associated with EB at hours 1 through 7 (r = 0.89 P = 0.04). A significant association was found in FD between number of times injured and deficits > - 400 kcal.

Conclusions: Ballet dancers have significant energy deficits during a typical training day therefore increasing their risk for injuries. Nutrition education would be a key component of an injury prevention program for dancers.
The Effect of Green Tea Extract on Endurance Performance in Young Adults
Creators: name: Green, Eric
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2010

description: Background:  Green tea is rich in catechin, a polyphenolic antioxidant. Consumption of green tea or extract from green tea has been shown to result in weight loss, increased fat oxidation, and elevated energy expenditure in mice and humans. Green tea consumption has also been shown to result in increased exercise endurance in mice and improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in humans. It is not clearly known whether green tea consumption would increase exercise endurance in humans.  Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if the daily consumption of decaffeinated green tea extract for 4-5 weeks, would improve exercise endurance in humans, as measured by running 2.5 miles on an indoor track.   Subjects, Design, and Methods: This study was based on a randomized, double-blind design. Fourteen, normal, healthy individuals volunteered for participation and completed the study. They were divided into two groups (n= 7 for each group). All participants completed 2 endurance trials, 1 at the baseline and 1 at the conclusion of the study. Each trial consisted of a 2.5 mile run around the GSU Recreation Center indoor track. One group consumed green tea extract pill containing 900 mg catechins and the other group consumed a placebo for 4-5 weeks between run trials.   Results: Green tea and placebo groups improved their running times, however, there was no significant difference between these two groups in mean end time (P = 0.74). Under one statistical analysis, the green tea group significantly improved their running time compared to baseline (P = 0.019), while the placebo group did not. However, under another statistical analysis (removing one participant due to possible skewing effect), both groups significantly improved their running time over baseline (P< 0.05).  Conclusions: This study was not able conclusively ascertain whether or not the daily consumption of green tea improved endurance performance as measured by 2.5 mile run times. Results of this study should be used with caution due to small sample size. Future studies are warranted on the impact of green tea consumption on exercise endurance, using a longer duration and a larger sample size than has been studied.
Investigating the Efficacy of Video versus Text Instruction for the Recall of Food Safety Information
Creators: name: Stokes, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Purpose: Teaching consumers proper home food safety practices is an important strategy to combat foodborne illness. Food safety educators with limited resources must do a cost-versus-benefit analysis before choosing the optimum medium to reach their target audiences. The objectives of this research were to determine whether presenting food safety information in a video format was more effective than text-only in terms of audience recall of the information one week later; to determine whether an intervention in text or video form increased students? knowledge of food safety information as compared to no intervention at all; and to identify certain demographic factors that could have influenced performance on a food safety quiz. Methods: One hundred thirty-three Georgia State University undergraduate students were assigned to one of three groups. One group viewed a food safety video (n=59), a second group received the same information in text-only form (n=41), and the third group (n=33) served as the control and received no intervention. Students filled out a demographic questionnaire and completed a pre-intervention and post-intervention food safety knowledge test. Average scores were calculated, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows. Results: There was no significant difference between pre-intervention test scores among the three groups (p=.057). The video group scored significantly higher on the post-intervention test (p=.006) than the text group and the control group (p<.001). The video group (p<.001) and text group (p<.001) both scored significantly higher on the post-intervention quiz than the pre-intervention quiz, but the control group did not (p=.466). Video was superior to text overall and in conveying basic food safety principles; however, students in the text group demonstrated a better recall of more detailed food safety information such as proper internal cooking temperatures for poultry and ground beef. Previous food safety education in the classroom or online was found to be the only significant predictor of better performance on the pre-intervention test (p=.004). Conclusion: Video is more effective than text when used to deliver simple, direct food safety messages. More detailed information, such as proper internal cooking temperatures, might be best delivered in text form. Consumers are likely to benefit most from a multimedia approach to food safety education that includes videos, accompanying brochures, and Web site content.
Consumer Demand for Nutrition Information on Non-Fast Food Restaurant Menus
Creators: name: Driskell-Reeves, Rachel
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Purpose: The growth in obesity rates across the United States has been associated with increased consumption of energy dense meals consumed away from home. In an effort to help consumers make healthier food choices, some state law makers have begun to require the inclusion of nutrient information on fast food and chain restaurant menus. The objective of this research was to discover whether a consumer demand exists for healthier menu options and for disclosure of nutrient information on restaurant menus. Since much of the previous research has been concerned with fast food dining, this research was focused on examining the preferences and behaviors of diners at non-fast food restaurants. Methods: Eighty-four adults completed self-administered questionnaires during public expositions in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Results were tabulated frequencies and percentages. Comparisons were examined between gender and dining-out frequency categories. Results: Approximately 76% of participants indicated they had been concerned about ordering healthier menu items during the preceding month. Eighty-seven percent indicated a desire for disclosure of at least one specific nutrition fact on restaurant menus. Ninety-two percent indicated they would at least sometimes order menu items denoted as healthier on a restaurant menu. Women were more consistent than men in their demand for healthier food qualities. Conclusions: Results suggest that consumer demand does exist for healthier menu options and for nutrient information on restaurant menus. Further research will be necessary to determine how access to nutrient information will affect consumer choices.
Registered Dietitian Interest in Complementary Medicine
Creators: name: Johnson, Gwenyth
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2009

description: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has become very popular with populations internationally and in the United States. CAM is defined as ?a group of diverse medical and health systems, practices and products that are not generally considered as part of conventional medicine?. CAM is described as having five specific divisions: whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically-based practices, manipulative- or body-based practices, and energy medicine. Recent studies have shown that CAM use is increasing. In the US 33% of the population reported using CAM in 1990, but 1997 usage rates increased to over 41%. The popularity of CAM is one of the reasons for the creation of the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) by the National Institutes of Health the Federal Government's lead agency for scientific research on the diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine?. NCCAM information was the foundation for this project. The goals of this project are to evaluate the interest of dietitians in Georgia in CAM and introduce participants of this project to a segment of CAM treatments. The primary research question is: Are dietitians in the state of Georgia interested in using CAM as part of their practice? There were three distinct portions to this project; the initial survey of the dietitian participants, the development and use of the introductory CAM lesson, and the evaluation of this lesson and final survey. The data from both the first and second surveys as well as the post test does support a positive answer to the research question, ?Are registered dietitians in the state of Georgia interested in CAM? The results clearly indicate an interest from both the survey 1 and survey 2/ post test group. Some may ask, ?Is this really of any importance to the dietetics profession?? The answer to this can be found in the nutrition literature. Conducting a topic search of ?Complementary and alternative medicine? in three predominant nutrition journals: the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, The Journal of Nutrition and The Journal of the American Dietetic Association, revealed more than 17,000 articles. These articles range for original research to review of original research to commentary articles evaluating the use of CAM to the dietetics practice. A number of articles addressed the importance of CAM in dietetics education as well as its importance to the practice and reimbursement for services.
Risk perception by entrepreneurs: 'rose-coloured glasses' and other syndromes
Creators: name: Douglas, Evan J.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Entrepreneurship is characterised by individuals starting new ventures that involve both foreseen and unforeseen risks, and then attempting to cope with the risks that arise. Research into entrepreneurial risk taking has largely focused on the individual's attitude toward risk, with the presumption that entrepreneurs are more risk tolerant than others, but there is also evidence that entrepreneurs are relatively risk averse (Mullins & Forlani, 2005) or even risk preferring (Brockhaus, 1980). But the attitude toward risk is neither a necessary or sufficient condition for entrepreneurship (Douglas & Shepherd, 2000), so such diversity of empirical evidence might be expected. The relationship between risk attitude and entrepreneurship is potentially moderated by risk perception, however.
The Effects of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Carbohydrate with Protein Solutions on 200-Meter Sprint Speed
Creators: name: Vance, Denice
Publisher: name: Georgia State University
Year: 2010

description: Purpose: To investigate the differential effects of solutions providing varying concentrations of carbohydrate and/or protein ingested between 200-meter sprints on sprint time. Subjects:  Recruitment was from the Georgia State University track and field team. Methods: The study protocol was approved by the Georgia State University IRB.  Ten subjects, 18 to 21 years of age, consented to be included in the study. Nine subjects (7 females; 2 males) completed trial 1, six subjects (5 females; 1 male) completed trial 2, and three subjects (2 females; 1 male) completed the final trial. Each trial consisted of a 200-meter sprint followed by the immediate ingestion of a post-exercise recovery beverage within the first fifteen minutes of a one-hour recovery period. Following the one-hour of recovery, subjects sprinted a second 200-meter sprint. Beverage solutions were formulated to contain 1.2 g of protein (PRO), 1.2 g carbohydrate (CHO), or 1.2 g carbohydrate with protein (CHO/PRO) per kg of subject body weight. Using a single blind, non-randomized design, subjects received the same recovery beverage in each trial. Each trial consisted of either PRO (trial 1), CHO (trial 2), or CHO/PRO (trial 3), with one week separating trials. Sprint times were recorded in seconds and ten hundredths of a second using a manual, digital stopwatch. Results: During PRO, two subjects sprinted faster (x= -.25 sec), three subjects saw no change in sprint time, and four subjects sprinted slower (x= +.98 sec).  During CHO, two female subjects sprinted faster between sprints (x= -.85 sec); and all other subjects (n=4) sprinted slower (x= +.73 sec). During CHO/PRO, no subjects sprinted faster from sprint 1 to sprint 2 (x= +.33 sec) Conclusions: Post-exercise nutritional supplementation effects varied among subjects, with some subjects performing better following PRO, while others experiencing improvements with CHO. In general, subjects performed better following consumption of the CHO beverage. Of those who ran faster between sprints, the CHO beverage resulted in an average improvement of -.85 sec, while the PRO beverage resulted in an average improvement of -.25 sec.  On average, CHO resulted in faster 2nd sprints (x= +.20 sec) than the PRO beverage (x= +.47 sec) or the CHO/PRO beverage (x= +.33 sec). Continued research in this population is necessary for elucidation of study results. This investigation may serve as the foundation for future, related studies.