cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Local Constancy of Intersection Numbers
Creators: name: Mihatsch, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C17, 11G18 (Primary)

description: We prove that, in certain situations, intersection numbers on formal schemes that come in profinite families vary locally constantly in the parameter. To this end, we define the product $S\times M$ of a profinite set $S$ with a locally noetherian formal scheme $M$ and study intersections thereon. Our application is to the Arithmetic Fundamental Lemma of W. Zhang where the result helps to remove a restriction in its recent proof, cf. arXiv:1909.02697.
description: 12 pages; Argument for Prop 4.2 expanded, Example 2.7 added, small corrections
Autophagy regulator BECN1 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis driven by WNT1 activation and following parity
Creators: name: Cicchini, Michelle
name: Rumela Chakrabarti
name: Sameera Kongara
name: Price, Sandy
name: Nahar, Ritu
name: Lozy, Fred
name: Zhong, Hua
name: Vazquez, Alexei
name: Yibin Kang
name: Karantza, Vassiliki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology

description: Earlier studies reported allelic deletion of the essential autophagy regulator BECN1 in breast cancers implicating BECN1 loss, and likely defective autophagy, in tumorigenesis. Recent studies have questioned the tumor suppressive role of autophagy, as autophagy-related gene (Atg) defects generally suppress tumorigenesis in well-characterized mouse tumor models. We now report that, while it delays or does not alter mammary tumorigenesis driven by Palb2 loss or ERBB2 and PyMT overexpression, monoallelic Becn1 loss promotes mammary tumor development in 2 specific contexts, namely following parity and in association with wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT1) activation. Our studies demonstrate that Becn1 heterozygosity, which results in immature mammary epithelial cell expansion and aberrant TNFRSF11A/TNR11/RANK (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator) signaling, promotes mammary tumorigenesis in multiparous FVB/N mice and in cooperation with the progenitor cell-transforming WNT1 oncogene. Similar to our Becn1+/−;MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model, low BECN1 expression and an activated WNT pathway gene signature correlate with the triple-negative subtype, TNFRSF11A axis activation and poor prognosis in human breast cancers. Our results suggest that BECN1 may have nonautophagy-related roles in mammary development, provide insight in the seemingly paradoxical roles of BECN1 in tumorigenesis, and constitute the basis for further studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of clinically aggressive triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs).
Choline dehydrogenase interacts with SQSTM1/p62 to recruit LC3 and stimulate mitophagy
Creators: name: Sungwoo Park
name: Seon-Guk Choi
name: Yoo, Seung-Min
name: Son, Jin H
name: Yong-Keun Jung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry

description: CHDH (choline dehydrogenase) is an enzyme catalyzing the dehydrogenation of choline to betaine aldehyde in mitochondria. Apart from this well-known activity, we report here a pivotal role of CHDH in mitophagy. Knockdown of CHDH expression impairs CCCP-induced mitophagy and PARK2/parkin-mediated clearance of mitochondria in mammalian cells, including HeLa cells and SN4741 dopaminergic neuronal cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHDH accelerates PARK2-mediated mitophagy. CHDH is found on both the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria in resting cells. Interestingly, upon induction of mitophagy, CHDH accumulates on the outer membrane in a mitochondrial potential-dependent manner. We found that CHDH is not a substrate of PARK2 but interacts with SQSTM1 independently of PARK2 to recruit SQSTM1 into depolarized mitochondria. The FB1 domain of CHDH is exposed to the cytosol and is required for the interaction with SQSTM1, and overexpression of the FB1 domain only in cytosol reduces CCCP-induced mitochondrial degradation via competitive interaction with SQSTM1. In addition, CHDH, but not the CHDH FB1 deletion mutant, forms a ternary protein complex with SQSTM1 and MAP1LC3 (LC3), leading to loading of LC3 onto the damaged mitochondria via SQSTM1. Further, CHDH is crucial to the mitophagy induced by MPP+ in SN4741 cells. Overall, our results suggest that CHDH is required for PARK2-mediated mitophagy for the recruitment of SQSTM1 and LC3 onto the mitochondria for cargo recognition.
Acidocalcisome is required for autophagy in Trypanosoma brucei
Creators: name: Li, Feng-Jun
name: He, Cynthia Y
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry

description: Lysosomes play important roles in autophagy, not only in autophagosome degradation, but also in autophagy initiation. In Trypanosoma brucei, an early divergent protozoan parasite, we discovered a previously unappreciated function of the acidocalcisome, a lysosome-related organelle characterized by acidic pH and large content of Ca2+ and polyphosphates, in autophagy regulation. Starvation- and chemical-induced autophagy is accompanied with acidocalcisome acidification, and blocking the acidification completely inhibits autophagosome formation. Blocking acidocalcisome biogenesis by depleting the adaptor protein-3 complex, which does not affect lysosome biogenesis or function, also inhibits autophagy. Overall, our results support the role of the acidocalcisome, a conserved organelle from bacteria to human, as a relevant regulator in autophagy.
Ultra-Light Dark Matter
Creators: name: Ferreira, Elisa G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) is a class of dark matter models (DM) where DM is composed by bosons with masses ranging from $10^{-24}\, \mathrm{eV} < m < \mathrm{eV}$. These models have been receiving a lot of attention in the past few years given their interesting property of forming a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) or a superfluid on galactic scales. BEC and superfluidity are one of the most striking quantum mechanical phenomena manifest on macroscopic scales, and upon condensation, the particles behave as a single coherent state, described by the wavefunction of the condensate. The idea is that condensation takes place inside galaxies while outside DM behaves like a normal cold particle DM. This wave nature of DM on galactic scales that arise upon condensation can address some of the curiosities of the behaviour of DM on small scales while maintaining the successes of LCDM on large scales. There are many models in the literature that describe a DM component that condenses in galaxies. In this review, we are going to describe those models and classify them according to the different ways they achieve condensation. For that, we review the phenomena of BEC and superfluidity, and apply this knowledge to the DM in order to explain their construction and phenomenology. We describe the small scale challenges these models aim to solve and how ULDM alleviates them. These models present a rich phenomenology that is manifest in different astrophysical consequences. We review here the astrophysical and cosmological tests used to constrain those models, together with new and future observations that promise to test these models in different regimes. We finalize by showing some predictions that are a consequence of the wave nature of this component, like vortices and interference, that could represent a smoking gun in the search of these rich and interesting alternative class of DM. (Abridged)
description: Invited review for The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. Version accepted for publication. Comments are welcome
Cotangent bundle and micro-supports in mixed characteristic case
Creators: name: Saito, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F20, 14F10

description: For a regular scheme and a prime number $p$, we define the FW-cotangent bundle as a vector bundle on the closed subscheme defined by $p=0$, under a certain finiteness condition. For a constructible complex on the etale site of the scheme, we introduce the condition to be micro-supported on a closed conical subset in the FW-cotangent bundle. At the end of the article, we compute the singular supports in some cases.
description: 30 pages. In v4, in the construction of the cotangent bundle, the cotangent complex is replaced by the sheaf of FW-differentials, introduced in the article arXiv:2008.04728. Accordingly, the part studying cotangent complexes is moved to the other article. The order of the sections 1 and 2 are switched
Numerical modeling of laser tunneling ionization in Particle in Cell Codes with a laser envelope model
Creators: name: Massimo, Francesco
name: Beck, Arnaud
name: Dérouillat, Julien
name: Zemzemi, Imen
name: Specka, Arnd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resources needed for Particle in Cell simulations of Laser Wakefield Acceleration can be greatly reduced in many cases of interest using an envelope model. However, the inclusion of tunneling ionization in this time averaged treatment of laser-plasma acceleration is not straightforward, since the statistical features of the electron beams obtained through ionization should ideally be reproduced without resolving the high frequency laser oscillations. In this context, an extension of an already known envelope ionization procedure is proposed, valid also for laser pulses with higher intensities, which consists in adding the initial longitudinal drift to the newly created electrons within the laser pulse ionizing the medium. The accuracy of the proposed procedure is shown with both linear and circular polarization in a simple benchmark where a nitrogen slab is ionized by a laser pulse, and in a more complex benchmark of laser plasma acceleration with ionization injection in the nonlinear regime. With this addition to the envelope ionization algorithm, the main phase space properties of the bunches injected in a plasma wakefield with ionization by a laser (charge, average energy, energy spread, rms sizes, normalized emittance) can be estimated with accuracy comparable to a non-envelope simulation with significantly reduced resources, even in cylindrical geometry. Through this extended algorithm, preliminary studies of ionization injection in Laser Wakefield Acceleration can be easily carried out even on a laptop.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures; Version 2: changed theoretical treatment in Appendix B - modifications in sections 2.2, 2.3, 4 to take into account the modifications in Appendix B; Version 3: added lowercase letters as sublabels in figures - modifications in section 4
The yeast autophagy protease Atg4 is regulated by thioredoxin
Creators: name: Pérez-Pérez, María Esther
name: Zaffagnini, Mirko
name: Marchand, Christophe H
name: Crespo, José L
name: Lemaire, Stéphane D
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking process whereby double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes engulf and deliver intracellular material to the vacuole for degradation. Atg4 is a cysteine protease with an essential function in autophagosome formation. Mounting evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the control of autophagy and could regulate Atg4 activity but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that reactive oxygen species activate autophagy in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and unraveled the molecular mechanism by which redox balance controls Atg4 activity. A combination of biochemical assays, redox titrations, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Atg4 is regulated by oxidoreduction of a single disulfide bond between Cys338 and Cys394. This disulfide has a low redox potential and is very efficiently reduced by thioredoxin, suggesting that this oxidoreductase plays an important role in Atg4 regulation. Accordingly, we found that autophagy activation by rapamycin was more pronounced in a thioredoxin mutant compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that Cys338 and Cys394 are required for the proper regulation of autophagosome biogenesis, since mutation of these cysteines resulted in increased recruitment of Atg8 to the phagophore assembly site. Thus, we propose that the fine-tuning of Atg4 activity depending on the intracellular redox state may regulate autophagosome formation.
Is there an enormous cold front at the virial radius of the Perseus cluster?
Creators: name: Walker, S. A.
name: Mirakhor, M. S.
name: ZuHone, J.
name: Sanders, J. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Diwanji, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new XMM-Newton observations extending the mosaic of the Perseus cluster out to the virial radius to the west. Previous studies with ROSAT have reported a large excess in surface brightness to the west, possibly the result of large scale gas sloshing, but lacked the spatial resolution and depth to determine if this excess lay behind a cold front. In our new XMM observations we have found that there is a sharp edge in X-ray surface brightness near the cluster virial radius (1.7Mpc) to the west, with a width comparable to the mean free path. The temperature measurements obtained with Suzaku data across this edge show that the temperature increases sharply outside this edge. All of these properties are consistent with this edge being the largest cold front ever observed in a galaxy cluster. We also find a second edge to the west, 1.2Mpc from the core, which also appears to be a cold front. Our results indicate that magnetic fields are able to stabilize the cold fronts against turbulence all the way out to the cluster virial radius. By comparing with numerical simulations, we find that these large cold fronts require large impact parameter, low mass ratio mergers which can produce fast gas motions without destroying the cluster core.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ
A novel formulation of the unintegrated gluon distribution for DIS
Creators: name: Boussarie, Renaud
name: Mehtar-Tani, Yacine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a semi-classical description of the inclusive gluon induced Deep Inelastic Scattering cross section in a way that accounts for the leading powers in both the Regge and Bjorken limits. Our approach thus allows a systematic matching of small and moderate $x_{\rm Bj}$ regimes of gluon proton structure functions. We find a new unintegrated gluon distribution with an explicit dependence on the longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ which entirely spans both the dipole operator and the gluonic Parton Distribution Function. Computing this gauge invariant gluon operator on the lattice could allow to probe the energy dependence of the saturation scale from first principles.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Autophagy regulator BECN1 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis driven by WNT1 activation and following parity
Creators: name: Cicchini, Michelle
name: Rumela Chakrabarti
name: Sameera Kongara
name: Price, Sandy
name: Nahar, Ritu
name: Lozy, Fred
name: Zhong, Hua
name: Vazquez, Alexei
name: Yibin Kang
name: Karantza, Vassiliki
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology

description: Earlier studies reported allelic deletion of the essential autophagy regulator BECN1 in breast cancers implicating BECN1 loss, and likely defective autophagy, in tumorigenesis. Recent studies have questioned the tumor suppressive role of autophagy, as autophagy-related gene (Atg) defects generally suppress tumorigenesis in well-characterized mouse tumor models. We now report that, while it delays or does not alter mammary tumorigenesis driven by Palb2 loss or ERBB2 and PyMT overexpression, monoallelic Becn1 loss promotes mammary tumor development in 2 specific contexts, namely following parity and in association with wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 (WNT1) activation. Our studies demonstrate that Becn1 heterozygosity, which results in immature mammary epithelial cell expansion and aberrant TNFRSF11A/TNR11/RANK (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11a, NFKB activator) signaling, promotes mammary tumorigenesis in multiparous FVB/N mice and in cooperation with the progenitor cell-transforming WNT1 oncogene. Similar to our Becn1+/−;MMTV-Wnt1 mouse model, low BECN1 expression and an activated WNT pathway gene signature correlate with the triple-negative subtype, TNFRSF11A axis activation and poor prognosis in human breast cancers. Our results suggest that BECN1 may have nonautophagy-related roles in mammary development, provide insight in the seemingly paradoxical roles of BECN1 in tumorigenesis, and constitute the basis for further studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of clinically aggressive triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs).
Preferred basis, decoherence and a quantum state of the Universe
Creators: name: Barvinsky, Andrei O.
name: Kamenshchik, Alexander Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a number of issues in foundations of quantum theory and quantum cosmology including, in particular, the problem of the preferred basis in the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, the relation between this interpretation and the decoherence phenomenon, application of decoherence approach to quantum cosmology, the relation between the many-worlds interpretation and Anthropic Principle along with the notion of quantum-classical duality. We also discuss the concept of fundamentally mixed quantum state of the Universe represented by a special microcanonical density matrix and its dynamical realization in the form of the semiclassically treated path integral over spacetime geometries and quantum matter fields. These issues can be considered as a part of the scientific legacy of H. D. Zeh generously left to us in his two seminal papers published at the beginning of seventies in Foundations of Physics.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures, prepared for the publication in the Springer series "Fundamental Theories of Physics", in the volume, dedicated to the memory of H. D. Zeh. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1302.5545
The yeast autophagy protease Atg4 is regulated by thioredoxin
Creators: name: Pérez-Pérez, María Esther
name: Zaffagnini, Mirko
name: Marchand, Christophe H
name: Crespo, José L
name: Lemaire, Stéphane D
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking process whereby double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes engulf and deliver intracellular material to the vacuole for degradation. Atg4 is a cysteine protease with an essential function in autophagosome formation. Mounting evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species may play a role in the control of autophagy and could regulate Atg4 activity but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we showed that reactive oxygen species activate autophagy in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and unraveled the molecular mechanism by which redox balance controls Atg4 activity. A combination of biochemical assays, redox titrations, and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Atg4 is regulated by oxidoreduction of a single disulfide bond between Cys338 and Cys394. This disulfide has a low redox potential and is very efficiently reduced by thioredoxin, suggesting that this oxidoreductase plays an important role in Atg4 regulation. Accordingly, we found that autophagy activation by rapamycin was more pronounced in a thioredoxin mutant compared with wild-type cells. Moreover, in vivo studies indicated that Cys338 and Cys394 are required for the proper regulation of autophagosome biogenesis, since mutation of these cysteines resulted in increased recruitment of Atg8 to the phagophore assembly site. Thus, we propose that the fine-tuning of Atg4 activity depending on the intracellular redox state may regulate autophagosome formation.
Emergence of Hierarchy in Networked Endorsement Dynamics
Creators: name: Kawakatsu, Mari
name: Chodrow, Philip S.
name: Eikmeier, Nicole
name: Larremore, Daniel B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many social and biological systems are characterized by enduring hierarchies, including those organized around prestige in academia, dominance in animal groups, and desirability in online dating. Despite their ubiquity, the general mechanisms that explain the creation and endurance of such hierarchies are not well understood. We introduce a generative model for the dynamics of hierarchies using time-varying networks in which new links are formed based on the preferences of nodes in the current network and old links are forgotten over time. The model produces a range of hierarchical structures, ranging from egalitarianism to bistable hierarchies, and we derive critical points that separate these regimes in the limit of long system memory. Importantly, our model supports statistical inference, allowing for a principled comparison of generative mechanisms using data. We apply the model to study hierarchical structures in empirical data on hiring patterns among mathematicians, dominance relations among parakeets, and friendships among members of a fraternity, observing several persistent patterns as well as interpretable differences in the generative mechanisms favored by each. Our work contributes to the growing literature on statistically grounded models of time-varying networks.
description: Updates corresponding to final published version
Umsetzungskonzept QUADRIGA: Berlin-Brandenburgisches Datenkompetenzzentrum für Digital Humanities, Verwaltungswissenschaft, Informatik und Informationswissenschaft
Creators: name: Buchholz, Bettina
name: Lucke, Ulrike
name: Schimmler, Sonja
name: Bakels, Jan-Hendrik
name: Bernoth, Jan
name: Fischer, Frank
name: Gieseke, Lena
name: Grotkopp, Matthias
name: Hiltmann, Torsten
name: Krupka, Daniel
name: Loist, Skadi
name: Meisner, Julia
name: Mischke, Dennis
name: Möser, Robin
name: Neuroth, Heike
name: Petras, Vivien
name: Schmeling, Juliane
name: Söring, Sibylle
name: Trilcke, Peer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Datenkomptenzen
Datenkompetenzzentrum
QUADRIGA
Berlin-Brandenburg
Open Educational Resources
OER
Digital Humanities
Verwaltungswissenschaft
Informatik
Informationswissenschaft
Text
Tabelle
Bewegtes Bild

description: Umsetzungskonzept für das Datenkompetenzzentrum QUADRIGA

Das Datenkompetenzzentrum QUADRIGA vereint die vier Disziplinen Digital Humanities, Verwaltungswissenschaft, Informatik und Informationswissenschaft entlang der Datentypen Text, Tabelle und Bewegtes Bild am Wissenschaftsstandort Berlin-Brandenburg. Die Metropolregion ist ein Hotspot für Openness in den Anwendungsdomänen Digital Humanities und Verwaltungswissenschaft. Die Basiswissenschaften Informatik und Informationswissenschaft mit umfangreicher Expertise für Data Science und Data Stewardship unterstützen die beiden Anwendungsdomänen hinsichtlich Forschung zum Datenfluss, (inter)nationalen Standards und Prinzipien (z.B. FAIR, CARE). QUADRIGA führt Forschungs- und Lernorte durch vielfältige Vernetzungsorte zusammen. Zur Entwicklung digitaler Methoden werden mittels Fallstudien in den Forschungsorten spezifische Fragestellungen und Datentypen behandelt. Die Datensätze, Standards und Methoden werden in den Lernorten mit didaktischen Mitteln in fallstudienbasierte, zielgruppenspezifische und kompetenzorientierte QUADRIGA Educational Resources transformiert. Assessment-Werkzeuge verbinden Forschungs- mit Lernorten auf Basis eines optimierten QUADRIGA Datenkompetenzframeworks und ermöglichen Forschenden, ihre Datenkompetenzen entlang des Datenfluss zuzuordnen. Mit dem Suchwerkzeug QUADRIGA Navigator werden basierend auf dem Datenkompetenzframework alle QUADRIGA Bildungsangebote zielgruppengerecht und interessengeleitet auf der Datenkompetenzplattform QUADRIGA Space angeboten.
Characterizing and monitoring student discomfort in upper-division quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Corsiglia, Giaco
name: Garcia, Tyler
name: Schermerhorn, Benjamin P.
name: Passante, Gina
name: Sadaghiani, Homeyra
name: Pollock, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate student comfort with the material in an upper-division spins-first quantum mechanics course. Pre-lecture surveys probing students' comfort were administered weekly, in which students assigned themselves a "discomfort level" on a scale of 0--10 and provided a written explanation for their choice. The weekly class-wide average discomfort level was effectively constant over the semester, suggesting that the class found no single unit especially jarring nor especially easy. Student written responses were coded according to their reported source of discomfort---math, math-physics connection, physics, and notation. The relative prevalence of these categories varied significantly over the semester, indicating that students find that different units present different challenges, and also that some of these challenges fade in importance as the semester progresses. Semi-structured interviews with students in a similar quantum mechanics course at a different institution provided additional context and insight into these results.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published in 2020 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings
How learning environment predicts male and female students' physics motivational beliefs in introductory physics courses
Creators: name: Li, Yangqiuting
name: Whitcomb, Kyle
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we adapt prior identity framework to investigate the effect of learning environment (including perceived recognition, peer interaction and sense of belonging) on students' physics self-efficacy, interest and identity by controlling for their self-efficacy and interest at the beginning of a calculus-based introductory physics course. We surveyed 1203 students, 35% of whom were women. We found that female students' physics self-efficacy and interest were lower than male students' at the beginning of the course, and the gender gaps in these motivational constructs became even larger by the end of the course. Analysis revealed that the decrease in students' physics self-efficacy and interest were mediated by the learning environment and ultimately affected students' physics identity. Our model shows that perceived recognition played a major role in explaining students' physics identity, and students' sense of belonging in physics played an important role in explaining the change in students' physics self-efficacy.
Exploring the contributions of self-efficacy and test anxiety to gender differences in assessments
Creators: name: Stang, Jared B.
name: Altiere, Emily
name: Ives, Joss
name: Dubois, Patrick J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed performance difference between women and men on assessments in physics---the "gender gap"---is a significant and persistent inequity which has broad implications for the participation of women in physics. Research also shows that gender-based inequities extend to affective measures, such as self-efficacy. In this exploratory study, we report on gender disparities in self-efficacy and test anxiety and their relationship to assessment scores in our active-learning introductory physics course. Overall, gender-based differences in favour of men are observed in all our measures, with women having lower scores on measures associated with success (self-efficacy and assessment scores) and a higher score on a possibly detrimental affective factor (test anxiety). Using a multiple regression model-selection process to explore which measures may explain end-of-course Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and final exam scores, we find that the best fitting models include FCI pretest and self-efficacy as predictors, but do not include test anxiety.
description: Accepted to the 2020 Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings
The Univariate Marginal Distribution Algorithm Copes Well With Deception and Epistasis
Creators: name: Doerr, Benjamin
name: Krejca, Martin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In their recent work, Lehre and Nguyen (FOGA 2019) show that the univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) needs time exponential in the parent populations size to optimize the DeceptiveLeadingBlocks (DLB) problem. They conclude from this result that univariate EDAs have difficulties with deception and epistasis. In this work, we show that this negative finding is caused by an unfortunate choice of the parameters of the UMDA. When the population sizes are chosen large enough to prevent genetic drift, then the UMDA optimizes the DLB problem with high probability with at most $λ(\frac{n}{2} + 2 e \ln n)$ fitness evaluations. Since an offspring population size $λ$ of order $n \log n$ can prevent genetic drift, the UMDA can solve the DLB problem with $O(n^2 \log n)$ fitness evaluations. In contrast, for classic evolutionary algorithms no better run time guarantee than $O(n^3)$ is known (which we prove to be tight for the ${(1+1)}$ EA), so our result rather suggests that the UMDA can cope well with deception and epistatis. From a broader perspective, our result shows that the UMDA can cope better with local optima than evolutionary algorithms; such a result was previously known only for the compact genetic algorithm. Together with the lower bound of Lehre and Nguyen, our result for the first time rigorously proves that running EDAs in the regime with genetic drift can lead to drastic performance losses.
Acidocalcisome is required for autophagy in Trypanosoma brucei
Creators: name: Li, Feng-Jun
name: He, Cynthia Y
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Earth and Environmental Sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics
subject: Biochemistry

description: Lysosomes play important roles in autophagy, not only in autophagosome degradation, but also in autophagy initiation. In Trypanosoma brucei, an early divergent protozoan parasite, we discovered a previously unappreciated function of the acidocalcisome, a lysosome-related organelle characterized by acidic pH and large content of Ca2+ and polyphosphates, in autophagy regulation. Starvation- and chemical-induced autophagy is accompanied with acidocalcisome acidification, and blocking the acidification completely inhibits autophagosome formation. Blocking acidocalcisome biogenesis by depleting the adaptor protein-3 complex, which does not affect lysosome biogenesis or function, also inhibits autophagy. Overall, our results support the role of the acidocalcisome, a conserved organelle from bacteria to human, as a relevant regulator in autophagy.
Additional file 1 of Synthesis and evaluation of fluorine-18 labelled tetrazines as pre-targeting imaging agents for PET
Creators: name: Schlein, Eva
name: Rokka, Johanna
name: Odell, Luke R.
name: van den Broek, Sara Lopes
name: Herth, Matthias M.
name: Battisti, Umberto M.
name: Syvänen, Stina
name: Sehlin, Dag
name: Eriksson, Jonas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Information.
title: Sitting down in Darwin
title: Yolngu women from northeast Arnhem Land and family life in the city
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Coulehan, Kerin Maureen
Publisher: name: Charles Darwin University
Year: 1995

description: When Yolŋu women, children and family groups move to Darwin from remote communities in northeast Amhem Land they experience altered circumstances of relations of power between two nurturant regimes, a Yolŋu system of familial governance exercised in kinship and in ceremony and state government exercised via welfare monies and community services. Both the familial and the state systems of care and control seek to govern individuals and families from the birth of infants, throughout childhood, in various marital and family circumstances, at critical times of life, including in sickness and at death and according to different orientations of movement. Various government departments centralised in Darwin govern the remote-dwelling Yolŋu by bringing them into the city, there to be attended to especially in terms of urban health, housing and education services and then repatriated to remote communities and clan lands. It is an unintended consequence of state agency that the controlled movement of Aboriginal people to urban centres should take on a momentum of its own. This momentum is evident in the kinship dynamics of Yolŋu rural-urban mobility and in the strategies of individuals, in particular of Yolŋu women, as they set out on their own marital, migratory and urban careers. Because the two nurturant systems do not fully recognise each other's legitimacy, it happens all too often that a Yolŋu system of familial governance and state agencies of government act at cross purposes. Yolŋu say that trying to live "both-ways, two-ways" is especially difficult in Darwin. While this Aboriginal English expression has largely been interpreted to mean two languages, two cultures, two ways of life, I suggest that it also applies to the articulation of a Yolŋu system of governance with external agents of government and the adjustment of Yolŋu life to altered circumstances, even when Yolŋu move to "sit down" (to stay, to live) in Darwin.
Toward a valid instrument for measuring physics quantitative literacy
Creators: name: Smith, Trevor I.
name: Eaton, Philip
name: Brahmia, Suzanne White
name: Olsho, Alexis
name: Boudreaux, Andrew
name: Zimmerman, Charlotte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed the Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy (PIQL) as a tool to measure students' quantitative literacy in the context of introductory physics topics. We present the results from various quantitative analyses used to establish the validity of both the individual items and the PIQL as a whole. We show how examining the results from classical test theory analyses, factor analysis, and item response curves informed decisions regarding the inclusion, removal, or modification of items. We also discuss how the choice to include multiple-choice/multiple-response items has informed both our choices for analyses and the interpretations of their results. We are confident that the most recent version of the PIQL is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring students' physics quantitative literacy in calculus-based introductory physics courses at our primary research site. More data are needed to establish its validity for use at other institutions and in other courses.
description: accepted for publication: 2020 Physics Education Research Conference
Online administration of a reasoning inventory in development
Creators: name: Olsho, Alexis
name: Brahmia, Suzanne White
name: Smith, Trevor
name: Zimmerman, Charlotte
name: Boudreaux, Andrew
name: Eaton, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are developing a new research based assessment (RBA) focused on quantitative reasoning -- rather than conceptual understanding -- in physics contexts. We rapidly moved administration of the RBA online in Spring 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We present our experiences with online, unproctored administration of an RBA in development to students enrolled in a large-enrollment, calculus-based, introductory physics course. We describe our attempts to adhere to best practices on a limited time frame, and present a preliminary analysis of the results, comparing results from the online administration to earlier results from in-person, proctored administration. We include discussion of online administration of multiple-choice/multiple-response (MCMR) items, which we use on the instrument as a way to probe multiple facets of student reasoning. Our initial comparison indicates little difference between online and paper administrations of the RBA, consistent with previous work by other researchers.
description: PERC 2020
Additional file 1 of Defects of mitochondria-lysosomes communication induce secretion of mitochondria-derived vesicles and drive chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells
Creators: name: Gagliardi, Sinforosa
name: Mitruccio, Marco
name: Di Corato, Riccardo
name: Romano, Roberta
name: Aloisi, Alessandra
name: Rinaldi, Rosaria
name: Alifano, Pietro
name: Guerra, Flora
name: Bucci, Cecilia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Additional file 1 of Integrated analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of the neddylation inhibitor MLN4924 on the metabolic dysregulation in rabbit granulosa cells
Creators: name: Chen, Mengjuan
name: Liu, Yuqing
name: Zuo, Mingzhong
name: Zhang, Meina
name: Wang, Zhitong
name: Li, Xin
name: Yuan, Dongdong
name: Xu, Huifen
name: Yu, Guangqing
name: Li, Ming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Exploring student facility with "goes like'' reasoning in introductory physics
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Charlotte
name: Olsho, Alexis
name: Boudreaux, Andrew
name: Smith, Trevor
name: Eaton, Philip
name: Brahmia, Suzanne White
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Covariational reasoning -- reasoning about how changes in one quantity relate to changes in another quantity -- has been examined extensively in mathematics education research. Little research has been done, however, on covariational reasoning in introductory physics contexts. We explore one aspect of covariational reasoning: ``goes like'' reasoning. ``Goes like'' reasoning refers to ways physicists relate two quantities through a simplified function. For example, physicists often say that ``the electric field goes like one over r squared.'' While this reasoning mode is used regularly by physicists and physics instructors, how students make sense of and use it remains unclear. We present evidence from reasoning inventory items which indicate that many students are sense making with tools from prior math instruction, that could be developed into expert ``goes like'' thinking with direct instruction. Recommendations for further work in characterizing student sense making as a foundation for future development of instruction are made.
description: under review for Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings 2020
title: COVID Consortium: Website Page Materials
Creators: name: Institute, Latino Research
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: COVID
subject: COVID-19
subject: coronavirus
subject: mental health
subject: healthcare
subject: service providers
subject: website
subject: journal article
subject: conference presentation

description: The COVID Consortium is an interdisciplinary forum in which researchers share resources, methods, and other vital information regarding the effect of COVID-19 on Latino populations.
description: This record contains materials included on the COVID Consortium website. Each item in this record contains a different set of materials for each webpage. These webpages are Education and College Life, Mental Health, Multimedia, Resources, the Impact of COVID on Latino Communities, and Families. There is a wide range of resources and materials in each record, including links to journal articles, conference and poster presentations, promotional articles, and podcast episodes.
Tamely Ramified Covers of the Projective Line with Alternating and Symmetric Monodromy
Creators: name: Bell, Renee
name: Booher, Jeremy
name: Chen, William Y.
name: Liu, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$ and let $X$ the projective line over $k$ with three points removed. We investigate which finite groups $G$ can arise as the monodromy group of finite étale covers of $X$ that are tamely ramified over the three removed points. This provides new information about the tame fundamental group of the projective line. In particular, we show that for each prime $p\ge 5$, there are families of tamely ramified covers with monodromy the symmetric group $S_n$ or alternating group $A_n$ for infinitely many $n$. These covers come from the moduli spaces of elliptic curves with $PSL_2(\mathbb{F}_\ell)$-structure, and the analysis uses work of Bourgain, Gamburd, and Sarnak, and adapts work of Meiri and Puder, about Markoff triples modulo $\ell$.
description: improved and updated based on referee comments
Additional file 1 of Patients’ perspectives on adherence to cardiovascular screening consultation and lifestyle changes
Creators: name: Karstensen, Julie Katrine
name: Bremander, Ann
name: Nielsen, Katrine Engholm
name: Primdahl, Jette
name: Christensen, Jeanette Reffstrup
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Referential USD based on CPI-U (2013e)
Creators: name: J Perezgonzalez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics

description: Referential USD provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for standardizing US dollars (within the philosophy of referential currencies).It is based on the average value of the United States consumer price index for all urban consumers - US CPI-U Average (United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2013). (Also retrievable from WikiofScience.)
Additional file 1 of SNP-based and haplotype-based genome-wide association on drug dependence in Han Chinese
Creators: name: Xu, Hanli
name: Kang, Yulin
name: Liang, Tingming
name: Lu, Sifen
name: Xia, Xiaolin
name: Lu, Zuhong
name: Hu, Lingming
name: Guo, Li
name: Zhang, Lishu
name: Huang, Jiaqiang
name: Ye, Lin
name: Jiang, Peiye
name: Liu, Yi
name: Xinyi, Li
name: Zhai, Jin
name: Wang, Zi
name: Liu, Yangyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Referential NZD based on CPI (2013e)
Creators: name: J Perezgonzalez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics

description: Referential NZD provides the inflator/deflator multiplier for standardizing New Zealand dollars (within the philosophy of referential currencies). It is based on the average annual CPI for all groups (estimated from quarter inflation index values provided by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand). (Also retrievable from WikiofScience.)
Prime_Factorization_and_Diophantine_Quintic_Equations_Insights__Challenges__and_New_Directions (7).pdf
Creators: name: U ZAMAN, BUDEE
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 490401
subject: Algebra and number theory

description: When discussing the Diophantine quintic equation p(a 5 +b 5 ) = q(c 5 + d 5 ) where p is a prime and q is an integer, there is a clear gap between the mathematical literature and online forums. Because of the intrinsic complexity of parameterizing fifth-degree equations, this equation remains largely unexplored. In this work, we approach this quintic problem through algebraic methods with the goal of providing numerical solutions that illuminate its properties and behaviors.Our research uncovers in- triguing patterns and connections that shed light on the enigmatic nature of Diophantine quintic equations in this particular form.
title: Hette Amma
Creators: name: Pilot-Raichoor, Christiane
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Badaga
subject: bfq

description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7