cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Detailed evolutionary models of massive contact binaries: I. Model grids and synthetic populations for the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Menon, Athira
name: Langer, Norbert
name: de Mink, Selma E.
name: Justham, Stephen
name: Sen, Koushik
name: Szécsi, Dorottya
name: de Koter, Alex
name: Abdul-Masih, Michael
name: Sana, Hugues
name: Mahy, Laurent
name: Marchant, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The majority of close massive binary stars with initial periods of a few days experience a contact phase, in which both stars overflow their Roche lobes simultaneously. We perform the first dedicated study of the evolution of massive contact binaries and provide a comprehensive prediction of their observed properties. We compute 2790 detailed binary models for the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds each, assuming a conservative mass transfer. The initial parameter space for both grids span total masses from 20 to 80$\,\textrm{M}_{\odot}$, orbital periods of 0.6 to 2 days and mass ratios of 0.6 to 1.0. We find that models that remain in contact over nuclear timescales evolve towards equal masses, echoing the mass ratios of their observed counterparts. Ultimately, the fate of our nuclear-timescale models is to merge on the main sequence. Our predicted period-mass ratio distributions of O-type contact binaries are similar for both galaxies, and we expect 10 such systems together in both Magellanic Clouds. While we can largely reproduce the observed distribution, we over-estimate the population of equal-mass contact binaries. This situation is somewhat remedied if we also account for binaries that are approaching contact. Our theoretical distributions work particularly well for contact binaries with periods $
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Local defects and ferromagnetism in graphene layers
Creators: name: Vozmediano, M. A. H.
name: Lopez-Sancho, M. P.
name: Stauber, T.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the changes in the electronic structure induced by lattice defects in graphene planes. In many cases, lattice distortions give rise to localized states at the Fermi level. Electron-electron interactions lead to the existence of local moments. The RKKY interaction between these moments is always ferromagnetic, due to the semimetallic properties of graphene
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Entanglement, Teleportation, And Single Photon Storage Using Two Level Atoms Inside An Optical Parametric Oscillator
Creators: name: Rice, Perry R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I consider several interesting aspects of a new light source, a two-level atom, or N two-level atoms inside an Optical Parametric Oscillator. We find that in the weak driving limit, detection of a transmitted or fluorescent photon generates a highly entangled state of the atom and the cavity. This entanglement can be used with beamsplitters to create more complex quantum states and implement teleportation protocols. Also, one can store a single photon in the atoms, along the lines of recent slow and stopped light proposals and experiments.
description: 10 pages, 3 figres
The two dimensional XY model at the transition temperature: A high precision Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Hasenbusch, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the classical XY (plane rotator) model at the Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition. We simulate the model using the single cluster algorithm on square lattices of a linear size up to L=2048.We derive the finite size behaviour of the second moment correlation length over the lattice size xi_{2nd}/L at the transition temperature. This new prediction and the analogous one for the helicity modulus are confronted with our Monte Carlo data. This way beta_{KT}=1.1199 is confirmed as inverse transition temperature. Finally we address the puzzle of logarithmic corrections of the magnetic susceptibility chi at the transition temperature.
description: Monte Carlo results for xi/L in table 1 and 2 corrected. Due to a programming error,these numbers were wrong by about a factor 1+1/L^2. Correspondingly the fits with L_min=64 and 128 given in table 5 and 6 are changed by little.The central results of the paper are not affected. Wrong sign in eq.(52) corrected. Appendix extended
Design and Performance of the CMS Pixel Detector Readout Chip
Creators: name: Kaestli, H. Chr.
name: Barbero, M.
name: Erdmann, W.
name: Hoermann, Ch.
name: Horisberger, R.
name: Kotlinski, D.
name: Meier, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The readout chip for the CMS pixel detector has to deal with an enormous data rate. On-chip zero suppression is inevitable and hit data must be buffered locally during the latency of the first level trigger. Dead-time must be kept at a minimum. It is dominated by contributions coming from the readout. To keep it low an analog readout scheme has been adopted where pixel addresses are analog coded. We present the architecture of the final CMS pixel detector readout chip with special emphasis on the analog readout chain. Measurements of its performance are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures. Contribution to the Proceedings of the Pixel2005 Workshop, Bonn, Germany
Gas Heating from Spinning and Non-Spinning Evaporating Primordial Black Holes
Creators: name: Laha, Ranjan
name: Lu, Philip
name: Takhistov, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) from the early Universe constitute a viable dark matter (DM) candidate and can span many orders of magnitude in mass. Light PBHs with masses around $10^{15}$ g contribute to DM and will efficiently evaporate through Hawking radiation at present time, leading to a slew of observable signatures. The emission will deposit energy and heat in the surrounding interstellar medium. We revisit the constraints from dwarf galaxy heating by evaporating non-spinning PBHs and find that conservative constraints from Leo T dwarf galaxy are significantly weaker than previously suggested. Furthermore, we analyse gas heating from spinning evaporating PBHs. The resulting limits on PBH DM abundance are found to be stronger for evaporating spinning PBHs than for non-spinning PBHs.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures; published version
Herrmann, Horst, Kleines Wörterbuch des Kirchenrechts für Studium und Praxis
Creators: name: Engelhardt, Hanns
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3
Dirac particles on periodic quantum graphs
Creators: name: Yusupov, J. R.
name: Sabirov, K. K.
name: Matrasulov, D. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Dirac equation on periodic networks (quantum graphs). The self-adjoint quasi periodic boundary conditions are derived. The secular equation allowing us to find the energy spectrum of the Dirac particles on periodic quantum graphs is obtained. Band spectra of the periodic quantum graphs of different topologies are calculated. Universality of the probability to be in the spectrum for certain graph topologies is observed.
Recognition of shape and orientation using binocular vision
Creators: name: Burge, R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the problem of building primitive vision elements for the remote operation of heavy equipment using minimal supervision. The ultimate goal of the vision system is to provide the robot with a world view that is compatible with the operator's view such that the operator sets goals and the robot executes low level tasks needed to accomplish intermediate objectives. A system for perceiving shape is developed that allows the robot to identify the ground surface on which it moves and to recognize obstacles and simple objects within the workspace. Stereo vision is used for this purpose. Disparity between stereo images contains distance information about a scene. The information in stereo images and the recovery of dense disparity maps is studied. A procedure for matching stereo images is given. The disparity gradient is used as the fundamental evidence of shape perceived by stereo vision and the properties for shape are analyzed within disparity gradient space. These attributes are exploited for navigation and recognition of simple shapes. The techniques developed are used to recognize cylinders and to estimate their location, size and orientation within a robot workspace. The vision process includes three phases: (1) recovery of a dense disparity map that includes sub-pixel interpolation of local surfaces, (2) deciding the location of objects within the robot workspace, and (3) confirmation of a cylinder and determining its location, radius, and pose. Example of these procedures are provided for real images. The algorithm provides a means for navigation on plane surfaces and for recognition and pose estimation of cylinders within the robot workspace. Examples described here demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of this approach. Future work will consider improvements to the low-level processes and increasing the resolution of disparity surfaces.
Mission Concept for the Single Aperture Far-Infrared (SAFIR) Observatory
Creators: name: Benford, Dominic J.
name: Amato, Michael J.
name: Mather, John C.
name: Moseley, S. Harvey
name: Leisawitz, David T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Single Aperture Far-InfraRed (SAFIR) Observatory's science goals are driven by the fact that the earliest stages of almost all phenomena in the universe are shrouded in absorption by and emission from cool dust and gas that emits strongly in the far-infrared and submillimeter. Over the past several years, there has been an increasing recognition of the critical importance of this spectral region to addressing fundamental astrophysical problems, ranging from cosmological questions to understanding how our own Solar System came into being. The development of large, far-infrared telescopes in space has become more feasible with the combination of developments for the James Webb Space Telescope and of enabling breakthroughs in detector technology. We have developed a preliminary but comprehensive mission concept for SAFIR, as a 10 m-class far-infrared and submillimeter observatory that would begin development later in this decade to meet the needs outlined above. Its operating temperature (<4K) and instrument complement would be optimized to reach the natural sky confusion limit in the far-infrared with diffraction-limited peformance down to at least 40 microns. This would provide a point source sensitivity improvement of several orders of magnitude over that of Spitzer or Herschel, with finer angular resolution, enabling imaging and spectroscopic studies of individual galaxies in the early universe. We have considered many aspects of the SAFIR mission, including the telescope technology, detector needs and technologies, cooling method and required technology developments, attitude and pointing, power systems, launch vehicle, and mission operations. The most challenging requirements for this mission are operating temperature and aperture size of the telescope, and the development of detector arrays.
description: 36 pages
A Statement on Rural Problem Areas
Creators: name: Taylor, Carl C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1940
Subjects: Farm Management
Financial Economics
Food Security and Poverty
Labor and Human Capital

description: Information and map graphics on: Low Income Farm Families, People on Poor Lands, Farm Tenants, Farm Laborers, Farm Families on Relief, Unemployment in Agriculture, Migrating Farm Families, and Farm Families on Low Standards of Living.
description: Presented before the Senate Committee on Education and Labor, Washington, D. C., May 6, 1940.
Strain Engineering 2D MoS$_{2}$ with Thin Film Stress Capping Layers
Creators: name: Peña, Tara
name: Chowdhury, Shoieb A.
name: Azizimanesh, Ahmad
name: Sewaket, Arfan
name: Askari, Hesam
name: Wu, Stephen M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method to induce tensile and compressive strain into two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) MoS$_{2}$ via the deposition of stressed thin films to encapsulate exfoliated flakes. With this technique we can directly engineer MoS$_{2}$ strain magnitude by changing deposited thin film stress, therefore allowing variable strain to be applied on a flake-to-flake level. These thin film stressors are analogous to SiN$_{x}$ based stressors implemented in industrial CMOS processes to enhance Si mobility, suggesting that our concept is highly scalable and may be applied for large-scale integration of strain engineered TMDC devices. We choose optically transparent stressors to allow us to probe MoS$_{2}$ strain through Raman spectroscopy. Combining thickness dependent analyses of Raman peak shifts in MoS$_{2}$ with atomistic simulations, we can explore layer-by-layer strain transfer. MoS$_{2}$ on conventional substrates (SiO$_{2}$, MgO) show strain transfer into the top two layers of multilayer flakes with limited strain transfer to monolayers due to substrate adhesion. To mitigate this limitation, we also explore stressors on van der Waals heterostructures constructed of monolayer (1L) MoS$_{2}$ on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). This concept frees the 1L-MoS$_{2}$ allowing for a 0.85$\%$ strain to be applied to the monolayer with a corresponding strain induced bandgap change of 75 meV. By using thin films with higher stress, strain may be engineered to be even higher. Various stressors and deposition methods are considered, showing a stressor material independent transfer of strain that only depends on stressor film force with negligible defects induced into MoS$_{2}$ when thermal evaporation is used.
Norm-based job quality indicators: an application to European survey data
Creators: name: Vandekerckhove, Sem
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Attempts to measure job quality have given raise to a wide range of job quality indicators. Still the literature falls short in defining what constitutes ‘good jobs’ and what are ‘bad jobs’, instead pointing at probable associations of outcomes with job characteristics, or setting out a paternalistic or arbitrary measure of job quality with no tangible interpretation. To overcome the shortcomings of such approaches, and in line with the general definition of job quality, which is the presence of job characteristics leading to favourable job outcomes, we propose a new kind of indicators that are ‘norm-based’. The norm-based approach is a two-step procedure: in the first step the required levels of job characteristics to yield desired outcomes are determined, and in the second step, ‘good jobs’ and ‘bad jobs’ are defined based on the set of characteristics delivering those desired outcomes. Using the 2015 EWCS survey data, the paper illustrates this by working out an example of a norm-based indicator for job quality, applying QCA to large sample data and using well-being as the desired job outcome. The method is generalizable to other outcomes or latent concepts similar to job quality.
Agricultural Productivity Changes in the Caribbean: Challenges for Trade
Creators: name: Hutchinson, Sharon D.
name: Hutchinson, Sharon D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Productivity Analysis

description: Caribbean countries have historically relied on agriculture as a source of food and foreign exchange. With increasing changes in global trading arrangements and partnerships, this paper assesses the changes in the production of crops, livestock and food per capita. It also reviewed total factor productivity measures of selected Caribbean countries, which were calculated using the Malmquist productivity indexes. It is shown that there was a wide variety of progress in agricultural productivity among the selected countries, however, for many, there has been a decrease in total factor productivity. The components of this productivity was also evaluated.
Controllability of the discrete-spectrum Schrodinger equation driven by an external field
Creators: name: Chambrion, Thomas
name: Mason, Paolo
name: Sigalotti, Mario
name: Boscain, Ugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove approximate controllability of the bilinear Schrödinger equation in the case in which the uncontrolled Hamiltonian has discrete non-resonant spectrum. The results that are obtained apply both to bounded or unbounded domains and to the case in which the control potential is bounded or unbounded. The method relies on finite-dimensional techniques applied to the Galerkin approximations and permits, in addition, to get some controllability properties for the density matrix. Two examples are presented: the harmonic oscillator and the 3D well of potential, both controlled by suitable potentials.
The Growing U.S. Trade Deficit in Consumer-Oriented Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Zhuang, Renan
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Mattson, Jeremy W.
name: Zhuang, Renan
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Mattson, Jeremy W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Consumer-oriented agricultural products
subject: trade balance
subject: trade deficit
subject: exchange rate

description: We investigate the factors behind the growing U.S. trade deficit in consumer-oriented agricultural products by using reliable panel data and an empirical trade model derived from international trade theory. The results indicate that per capita income in the United States appears to be the most important determinant for the growing U.S. trade deficit. An increase in per capita income and trade liberalization in foreign countries would improve U.S. trade balance. U.S. foreign direct investment abroad in food manufactures, a strong U.S. dollar and NAFTA are found to have negative effects on U.S. trade balance.
Bird Behaviors within the Prairie Pothole Region
Creators: name: Archambault, Jayce
name: DeCoteau, Abby
name: Grant, Cole
name: Biggane, Emily
name: Logan, Jessica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410402
subject: Environmental assessment and monitoring
classificationCode: 410206
subject: Landscape ecology

description: This project, "Bird Behaviors within the Prairie Pothole Region", was completed in 2022 by United Tribes Technical College Students who participated in our HDR Earth Data Science Corps (EDSC) summer internship, which focuses on teaching technical data science skills to diverse student populations.
Spatial Competition in Private Labels
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Hamilton, Stephen F.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Previous studies find that private labels increase retailers' bargaining power with manufacturers and allow retailers to price discriminate. We use a spatial discrete choice model to show that retailers also use store brands to create market power through store differentiation, but not as a means of building market share.
Get a GRIP: Should Area Revenue Coverage be Offered through the Farm Bill or as a Crop Insurance Program?
Creators: name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Paulson, Nicholas D.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The successful expansion of the U.S. crop insurance program has not eliminated ad hoc disaster assistance. An alternative currently being explored by members of Congress and others in preparation of the 2007 farm bill is to simply remove the 'ad hoc' part of disaster assistance programs by creating a standing program that would automatically funnel aid to hard-hit regions and crops. One form such a program could take can be found in the area yield and area revenue insurance programs currently offered by the U.S. crop insurance program. The Group Risk Plan (GRP) and Group Risk Income Protection (GRIP) programs automatically trigger payments when county yields or revenues, respectively, fall below a producer-elected coverage level. The per-acre taxpayer costs of offering GRIP in Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa for corn and soybeans through the crop insurance program are estimated. These results are used to determine the amount of area revenue coverage that could be offered to farmers as part of a standing farm bill disaster program. Approximately 55% of taxpayer support for GRIP flows to the crop insurance industry. A significant portion of this support comes in the form of net underwriting gains. The expected rate of return on money put at risk by private crop insurance companies under the current Standard Reinsurance Agreement is approximately 100%. Taking this industry support and adding in the taxpayer support for GRIP that flows to producers would fund a county target revenue program at the 93% coverage level.
Data Aggregation and Information Loss
Creators: name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: strawberry
subject: price
subject: cointegration
subject: Granger causality
subject: average price

description: Analysts often use a single average or otherwise aggregated price series to represent several geographic or product markets even when disaggregate data are available. We hypothesize that such an approach may not be appropriate under some circumstances, such as when only long-term relationships hold among price series or when homogeneous but relatively perishable products are considered. This question is of particular relevance in agriculture because of seasonality in production and harvest across various production regions, and the effect of changes in demand as substitute crops become available. We analyze this question in the context of fresh strawberry production. We find that in the case of the strawberry market, aggregate series are appropriate for long-term decision analysis, but some information loss occurs when conducting short-term decision analysis.
Demand and Supply of Induced Innovation: An Application to U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Liu, Yucan
name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Liu, Yucan
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The hypothesis of induced innovation (Hicks, 1932) is tested for U.S. agriculture using a high-quality state-level panel data set and three disparate testing techniques ¨C time series, econometric, and nonparametric. The conclusion of little support for the hypothesis is robust across testing techniques. However, each test maintains the hypothesis that the relative marginal cost of developing and implementing technologies that save one input is the same as for any other input. Lacking data on development and implementation costs of input-saving technologies, we use nonparametric procedures to estimate relative differences required for technological change to be consistent with the induced innovation hypothesis.
Bird Behaviors within the Prairie Pothole Region
Creators: name: Archambault, Jayce
name: DeCoteau, Abby
name: Grant, Cole
name: Biggane, Emily
name: Logan, Jessica
name: Lab, Earth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310399
subject: Ecology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410402
subject: Environmental assessment and monitoring
classificationCode: 410206
subject: Landscape ecology

description: This project, "Bird Behaviors within the Prairie Pothole Region", was completed in 2022 by United Tribes Technical College Students who participated in our HDR Earth Data Science Corps (EDSC) summer internship, which focuses on teaching technical data science skills to diverse student populations.
Covering groups of $M_{22}$ as regular Galois groups over $\mathbb{Q}$
Creators: name: König, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We close a gap in the literature by showing that the full covering groups of the Mathieu group $M_{22}$ and of its automorphism group $Aut(M_{22})$ occur as the Galois group of $\mathbb{Q}$-regular Galois extensions of $\mathbb{Q}(t)$.
Anharmonic vs. relaxational sound damping in glasses: I. Brillouin scattering from densified silica
Creators: name: Rat, E.
name: Foret, M.
name: Massiera, G.
name: Vialla, R.
name: Arai, M.
name: Vacher, R.
name: Courtens, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This series discusses the origin of sound damping and dispersion in glasses. In particular, we address the relative importance of anharmonicity versus thermally activated relaxation. In this first article, Brillouin-scattering measurements of permanently densified silica glass are presented. It is found that in this case the results are compatible with a model in which damping and dispersion are only produced by the anharmonic coupling of the sound waves with thermally excited modes. The thermal relaxation time and the unrelaxed velocity are estimated.
description: 9 pages with 7 figures, added references
What is the Effect of Operational Managerial Practices on Dairy Farm Efficiency? Some Results from Sweden
Creators: name: Johansson, Helena
name: Ohlmer, Bo
name: Johansson, Helena
name: Ohlmer, Bo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: allocative efficiency
subject: dairy farms
subject: data envelopment analysis
subject: economic efficiency
subject: operational managerial practices
subject: technical efficiency
subject: tobit regression
subject: Sweden

description: The article aims to investigate how operational managerial practices can contribute to improved farm level efficiency at dairy farms. Operational managerial practices are defined as animal health, breeding, and feeding practices. The main contribution of the article is that it investigates aspects that can be adjusted every day to improve farm efficiency. Aspects describing each of the considered managerial practices are regressed on farm level data envelopment efficiency scores based on farm level data from Sweden. The results show that changes in breeding and feeding practices can lead to improved efficiency. Breeding exactly the number of heifers that is needed for replacement of the dairy cows negatively affects long-run technical efficiency. On the other hand, analyzing forage positively affects long-run allocative efficiency and analyzing fodder grain positively affects short-run economic efficiency. Feeding the cows hay instead of only silage, reduces long-run economic efficiency. No significant effects of animal health practices were found. These results suggest that the farms in the sample are homogeneous in terms of animal health practices and that inefficient farms cannot become more efficient by adapting to the animal health practices of more efficient farms.
Inexact Methods for Sequential Fully Implicit (SFI) Reservoir Simulation
Creators: name: Jiang, Jiamin
name: Tomin, Pavel
name: Zhou, Yifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sequential fully implicit (SFI) scheme was introduced (Jenny et al. 2006) for solving coupled flow and transport problems. Each time step for SFI consists of an outer loop, in which there are inner Newton loops to implicitly and sequentially solve the pressure and transport sub-problems. In standard SFI, the sub-problems are usually solved with tight tolerances at every outer iteration. This can result in wasted computations that contribute little progress towards the coupled solution. The issue is known as `over-solving'. Our objective is to minimize the cost of inner solvers while maintaining the convergence rate of SFI. We first extended a nonlinear-acceleration (NA) framework (Jiang and Tchelepi 2019) to multi-component compositional models, for ensuring robust outer-loop convergence. We then developed inexact-type methods that alleviate `over-solving'. It is found that there is no need for one sub-problem to strive for perfection, while the coupled (outer) residual remains high due to the other sub-problem. The new SFI solver was tested using several complex cases. The problems involve multi-phase and EoS-based compositional fluid systems. We compared different strategies such as fixed relaxations on absolute and relative tolerances for the inner solvers, as well as an adaptive approach. The results show that the basic SFI method is quite inefficient. Away from a coupled solution, additional accuracy achieved in inner solvers is wasted, contributing to little or no reduction of the overall outer residual. By comparison, the adaptive inexact method provides relative tolerances adequate for the current convergence state of the sub-problems. We show across a wide range of flow conditions that the new solver can effectively resolve the over-solving issue, and thus greatly improve the overall efficiency.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1810.02326
Entanglement crossover close to a quantum critical point
Creators: name: Amico, Luigi
name: Patane`, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the thermal entanglement close to a quantum phase transition by analyzing the concurrence for one dimensional models in the quantum Ising universality class. We demonstrate that the entanglement sensitivity to thermal and to quantum fluctuations obeys universal $T\neq 0$--scaling behaviour. We show that the entanglement, together with its criticality, exhibits a peculiar universal crossover behaviour.
description: 12 pages; 5 figures (eps). References added; to be published in Europhysics Letters
Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Convergence or Divergence?
Creators: name: Aldy, Joseph E.
name: Aldy, Joseph E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions distributions
subject: environmental Kuznets curve
subject: Markov chain transition matrix

description: Understanding and considering the distribution of per capita carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is important in designing international climate change proposals and incentives for participation. I evaluate historic international emissions distributions and forecast future distributions to assess whether per capita emissions have been converging or will converge. I find evidence of convergence among 23 member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), whereas emissions appear to be diverging for an 88-country global sample over 1960-2000. Forecasts based on a Markov chain transition matrix provide little evidence of future emissions convergence and indicate that emissions may diverge in the near term. I also review the shortcomings of environmental Kuznets curve regressions and structural models in characterizing future emissions distributions.
Evaluating Regulatory Impact Analyses
Creators: name: Harrington, Winston
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: regulation
subject: RIA
subject: benefit-cost analysis
subject: cost-effectiveness analysis

description: Federal agencies in the United States are required to prepare regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) for every major regulatory action they undertake. Increasingly, other OECD countries are imposing similar requirements. However, there has been little examination of the quality of these documents or of the uses to which they have been put in the regulatory process or elsewhere. In this paper we survey previous efforts to evaluate RIAs and find a fair amount of evaluation of RIAs as stand-alone documents, but much less evaluation of their contribution to producing better regulations.
Light and Motion in SDSS Stripe 82: The Catalogues
Creators: name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Vidrih, S.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Munn, J. A.
name: Lin, H.
name: Evans, N. W.
name: Smith, M. C.
name: Belokurov, V.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Zucker, D. B.
name: Hewett, P. C.
name: Watkins, L. L.
name: Faria, D. C.
name: Fellhauer, M.
name: Miknaitis, G.
name: Bizyaev, D.
name: Ivezic, Z.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Snedden, S. A.
name: Malanushenko, E.
name: Malanushenko, V.
name: Pan, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new public archive of light-motion curves in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82, covering 99 deg in right ascension from RA = 20.7 h to 3.3 h and spanning 2.52 deg in declination from Dec = -1.26 to 1.26 deg, for a total sky area of ~249 sq deg. Stripe 82 has been repeatedly monitored in the u, g, r, i and z bands over a seven-year baseline. Objects are cross-matched between runs, taking into account the effects of any proper motion. The resulting catalogue contains almost 4 million light-motion curves of stellar objects and galaxies. The photometry are recalibrated to correct for varying photometric zeropoints, achieving ~20 mmag and ~30 mmag root-mean-square (RMS) accuracy down to 18 mag in the g, r, i and z bands for point sources and extended sources, respectively. The astrometry are recalibrated to correct for inherent systematic errors in the SDSS astrometric solutions, achieving ~32 mas and ~35 mas RMS accuracy down to 18 mag for point sources and extended sources, respectively. For each light-motion curve, 229 photometric and astrometric quantities are derived and stored in a higher-level catalogue. On the photometric side, these include mean exponential and PSF magnitudes along with uncertainties, RMS scatter, chi^2 per degree of freedom, various magnitude distribution percentiles, object type (stellar or galaxy), and eclipse, Stetson and Vidrih variability indices. On the astrometric side, these quantities include mean positions, proper motions as well as their uncertainties and chi^2 per degree of freedom. The here presented light-motion curve catalogue is complete down to r~21.5 and is at present the deepest large-area photometric and astrometric variability catalogue available.
description: MNRAS accepted
A meta-inference framework to integrate multiple external models into a current study
Creators: name: Gu, Tian
name: Taylor, Jeremy M. G.
name: Mukherjee, Bhramar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is becoming increasingly common for researchers to consider incorporating external information from large studies to improve the accuracy of statistical inference instead of relying on a modestly sized dataset collected internally. With some new predictors only available internally, we aim to build improved regression models based on individual-level data from an "internal" study while incorporating summary-level information from "external" models. We propose a meta-analysis framework along with two weighted estimators as the composite of empirical Bayes estimators, which combines the estimates from the different external models. The proposed framework is flexible and robust in the ways that (i) it is capable of incorporating external models that use a slightly different set of covariates; (ii) it can identify the most relevant external information and diminish the influence of information that is less compatible with the internal data; and (iii) it nicely balances the bias-variance trade-off while preserving the most efficiency gain. The proposed estimators are more efficient than the naive analysis of the internal data and other naive combinations of external estimators.
Deep Extragalactic VLBI-Optical Survey (DEVOS): I. Pilot MERLIN and VLBI observations
Creators: name: Mosoni, L.
name: Frey, S.
name: Gurvits, L. I.
name: Garrett, M. A.
name: Garrington, S. T.
name: Tsvetanov, Z. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the pilot observations of the Deep Extragalactic VLBI-Optical Survey (DEVOS). Our ultimate aim is to collect information on compact structures in a large sample of extragalactic radio sources (~10000 objects) up to two orders of magnitude fainter than those studied in typical imaging Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) surveys up until now. This would lead to an unprecedented data base for various astrophysical, astrometric and cosmological studies. The first global VLBI observations of the DEVOS programme were successfully conducted in May 2002. We selected sources without any spectral criterion from the Very Large Array (VLA) Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters (FIRST) catalogue, that are also detected with the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN). The DEVOS pilot sample sources are in the area of the sky that is covered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We describe the sample selection and present high resolution 5-GHz radio images of the sources. Based on the results of this pilot study, we estimate the outcome of and the resources needed for a full-scale DEVOS project.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&A
Cooperation in Rural Sociological Research on an Interstate and Regional Basis
Creators: name: Taylor, Carl C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1940
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Excerpts: Cooperative research on an interstate or regional basis presumably implies the joining of hands of institutions or agencies in two or more States in the conduct of research on problems common to these States. My purpose in this outline is to review the character of rural sociological research of the past, to cite instances in which interstate or regional approaches have been or are being used, and to present some additional suggestions for research in this field.
description: Address before Conference on Teaching and Research in Sociology, Blue Ridge, North Carolina, August 30, 1940.
MechElastic: A Python Library for Analysis of Mechanical and Elastic Properties of Bulk and 2D Materials
Creators: name: Singh, Sobhit
name: Lang, Logan
name: Dovale-Farelo, Viviana
name: Herath, Uthpala
name: Tavadze, Pedram
name: Coudert, François-Xavier
name: Romero, Aldo H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MechElastic Python package evaluates the mechanical and elastic properties of bulk and 2D materials using the elastic coefficient matrix ($C_{ij}$) obtained from any ab-initio density-functional theory (DFT) code. The current version of this package reads the output of VASP, ABINIT, and Quantum Espresso codes (but it can be easily generalized to any other DFT code) and performs the appropriate post-processing of elastic constants as per the requirement of the user. This program can also detect the input structure's crystal symmetry and test the mechanical stability of all crystal classes using the Born-Huang criteria. Various useful material-specific properties such as elastic moduli, longitudinal and transverse elastic wave velocities, Debye temperature, elastic anisotropy, 2D layer modulus, hardness, Pugh's ratio, Cauchy's pressure, Kleinman parameter, and Lame's coefficients, can be estimated using this program. Another existing feature of this program is to employ the ELATE package [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 28, 275201 (2016)] and plot the spatial variation of several elastic properties such as Poisson's ratio, linear compressibility, shear modulus, and Young's modulus in three dimensions. Further, the MechElastic package can plot the equation of state (EOS) curves for energy and pressure for a variety of EOS models such as Murnaghan, Birch, Birch-Murnaghan, and Vinet, by reading the inputted energy/pressure versus volume data obtained via numerical calculations or experiments. This package is particularly useful for the high-throughput analysis of elastic and mechanical properties of materials.
Quantitative aspects of entanglement in the driven Jaynes-Cummings model
Creators: name: Marchiolli, Marcelo Aparecido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adopting the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model with an external quantum field, we obtain exact analytical expressions of the normally ordered moments for any kind of cavity and driving fields. Such analytical results are expressed in the integral form, with their integrands having a commom term that describes the product of the Glauber-Sudarshan quasiprobability distribution functions for each field, and a kernel responsible for the entanglement. Considering a specific initial state of the tripartite system, the normally ordered moments are then applied to investigate not only the squeezing effect and the nonlocal correlation measure based on the total variance of a pair of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type operators for continuous variable systems, but also the Shchukin-Vogel criterion. This kind of numerical investigation constitutes the first quantitative characterization of the entanglement properties for the driven Jaynes-Cummings model.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Many-polaron problem by cluster perturbation theory
Creators: name: Hohenadler, Martin
name: Wellein, Gerhard
name: Alvermann, Andreas
name: Fehske, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The carrier-density dependence of the photoemission spectrum of the Holstein many-polaron model is studied using cluster perturbation theory combined with an improved cluster diagonalization by Chebychev expansion.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure, final version
The relic density of shadow dark matter candidates
Creators: name: Adibzadeh, Mehrdad
name: Hung, P. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of relic density calculations for cold dark matter candidates coming from a model of dark energy and dark matter, which is described by an asymptotically free gauge group SU(2)_Z (QZD) with a coupling constant alpha_Z ~ 1 at very low scale of Lambda_Z ~ 10^(-3) eV while alpha_Z ~ weak coupling at high energies. The dark matter candidates of QZD are two fermions in the form of weakly interacting massive particles. Our results show that for masses between 50 and 285 GeV, they can account for either a considerable fraction or the entire dark matter of the Universe.
description: Revised version after acceptance in NPB
Incentive Payment Programs for Environmental Protection: A Framework for Eliciting and Estimating Landowners' Willingness to Participate
Creators: name: Layton, David F.
name: Siikamaki, Juha
name: Layton, David F.
name: Siikamaki, Juha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: protection
subject: endangered
subject: voluntary
subject: incentive
subject: tobit
subject: beta-binomial
subject: stated preferences

description: This paper considers the role of incentive payment programs in eliciting, estimating, and predicting landowners' conservation enrollments. Using both program participation and the amount of land enrolled, we develop two econometric approaches for predicting enrollments. The first is a multivariate censored regression model that handles zero enrollments and heterogeneity in the opportunity cost of enrollments by combining an inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of enrollments with alternative-specific correlation and random parameters. The second is a beta-binomial model, which recognizes that in practice elicited enrollments are essentially integer valued. We apply these approaches to Finland, where the protection of private nonindustrial forests is an important environmental policy problem. We compare both econometric approaches via cross-validation and find that the beta-binomial model predicts as well as the multivariate censored model yet has fewer parameters. The beta-binomial model also facilitates policy predictions and simulations, which we use to illustrate the framework.