cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Estimating the statistical uncertainty due to spatially correlated noise in interferometric images
Creators: name: Tsukui, Takafumi
name: Iguchi, Satoru
name: Mitsuhashi, Ikki
name: Tadaki, Kenichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interferometers (e.g. ALMA and NOEMA) allow us to obtain the detailed brightness distribution of astronomical sources in 3 dimensions (R.A., Dec., frequency). However, the spatial correlation of the noise makes it difficult to evaluate the statistical uncertainty of the measured quantities and the statistical significance of the results obtained. The noise correlation properties in the interferometric image are fully characterized and easily measured by the noise autocorrelation function (ACF). We present the method for (1) estimating the statistical uncertainty due to the correlated noise in the spatially integrated flux and spectra directly, (2) simulating the correlated noise to perform a Monte Carlo simulation in image analyses, and (3) constructing the covariance matrix and chi-square $χ^2$ distribution to be used when fitting a model to an image with spatially correlated noise, based on the measured noise ACF. We demonstrate example applications to scientific data showing that ignoring noise correlation can lead to significant underestimation of statistical uncertainty of the results and false detections/interpretations.
description: Published in JATIS with the updated title, 42 pages, 14 figures; Python codes are available at https://github.com/takafumi291/ESSENCE; We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for giving insightful comments, which improved the manuscript significantly. Comments are warmly welcomed. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2207.12588
Exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) attenuates retinal vascularization reducing cell proliferation not apoptosis
Creators: name: McColm, Janet R.
name: Geisen, Pete
name: Hartnett, M. Elizabeth
name: Peterson, Lynda J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: To study the effect of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on rat retinal vascular development, Sprague–Dawley rats at postnatal age 3 days (p3) were given intraperitoneal (IP) LIF and analysis performed at p6 (p3/6). p7 rats were given intravitreous (IV) LIF and analysis performed at p9 (p7/9). Control animals were PBS injected. At the time of analysis retinal flatmounts were prepared and stained with Griffonia lectin and activated caspase-3. The retinal peripheral avascular area was measured and number of apoptotic cells counted. In vitro, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMVECs) were cultured in media containing LIF, with and without neutralizing antibody to LIF. Cells were stained with activated caspase-3 and apoptotic cells counted. Proliferation was measured by counting cell numbers, and cell cycle stage was determined using propidium iodide staining and FACS analysis. LIF injected either IP or IV had no effect on body weight or total retina area, but significantly increased the peripheral retinal avascular area. In both IP and IV injected groups there was no difference in the number of apoptotic cells between PBS-or LIF-injected groups; although in the p7/9 retinas, both injected groups had significantly more apoptotic cells than the non-injected group. In vitro, there was no effect of LIF on RMVEC apoptosis; however, cell counts were significantly lower in the LIF-treated group. Antibody to LIF restored the cell counts to untreated levels. LIF reduced the number of cells in S phase. LIF attenuates retinal vascular development in vivo through growth arrest, and not apoptosis, of endothelial cells.
How do tree density and body size influence acoustic signals in Amazonian nurse frogs?
Creators: name: da Rosa, Marina Vieira
name: Ferrão, Miquéias
name: Pequeno, Pedro Aurélio Costa Lima
name: Lima, Albertina Pimentel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis (AAH) predicts that acoustic signals emitted at sites with greater vegetation density should have spectral and temporal characteristics that increase signal transmission, but there is a pleiotropism related to body size: large animals produce signals with lower frequency. We used 238 advertisement calls of 34 populations of Amazonian nurse frogs from two Amazonian rainforests with different vegetation density to test if tree density influences the evolution of acoustic parameters. We used PGLS to test for relationships between acoustic traits and phenotypic, environmental and geographic predictors. Spectral and temporal features of calls have an allometric relationship with body size. We found a novel quadratic relationship between note duration and body size. The allometric relationship between dominant frequency and body size and a direct effect of tree density indicates that the evolutionary trajectories of Amazonian nurse frogs follow a general macro-evolutionary pattern as in birds. The temporal features of calls have opposite evolutionary trajectories to those predicted by AAH; frogs from lower tree density environments emit longer notes and have higher note rates than those from denser-tree environments. Subtle differences between Amazonian forest types can drive acoustic diversification of temporal and spectral features of calls at micro-evolutionary scales.
Heterotypic RPE-choroidal endothelial cell contact increases choroidal endothelial cell transmigration via PI 3-kinase and Rac1
Creators: name: Burridge, Keith
name: Geisen, Pete
name: Wittchen, Erika S.
name: Hartnett, M. Elizabeth
name: Peterson, Lynda J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the major cause of non-preventable blindness. Severe forms of AMD involve breaching of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) barrier by underlying choroidal endothelial cells (CECs), followed by migration into, and subsequent neovascularization of the neurosensory retina. However, little is known about the interactions between RPE and CECs and the signaling events leading to CEC transmigration. While soluble chemotactic factors secreted from RPE can contribute to inappropriate CEC transmigration, other unidentified stimuli may play an additional role. Using a coculture model that maintains the natural structural orientation of CECs to the basal aspect of RPE, we show that “contact” with RPE and/or RPE extracellular matrix increases CEC transmigration of the RPE barrier. From a biochemical standpoint, contact between CECs and RPE results in an increase in the activity of the GTPase Rac1 within the CECs; this increase is dependent on upstream activation of PI 3-K and Akt1. To confirm a link between these signaling molecules and increased CEC transmigration, we performed transmigration assays while inhibiting both PI 3-K and Rac1 activity, and observed that both decreased CEC transmigration. We hypothesize that contact between CECs and RPE stimulates a signaling pathway involving PI 3-K, Akt1, and Rac1 that facilitates CEC transmigration across the RPE barrier, an important step in the development of neovascular AMD.
Analysis of nuclear fiber cell cytoplasmic texture in advanced cataractous lenses from Indian subjects using Debye–Bueche theory
Creators: name: Costello, M.J.
name: Johnsen, S.
name: Krishna, P.V.
name: Ramamurthy, B.
name: Gilliland, K.O.
name: Metlapally, S.
name: Balasubramanian, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Alterations in ultrastructural features of the lens fiber cells lead to scattering and opacity typical of cataracts. The organelle-free cytoplasm of the lens nuclear fiber cell is one such component that contains vital information about the packing and organization of crystallins critical to lens transparency. The current work has extended analysis of the cytoplasmic texture to transparent and advanced cataractous lenses from India and related the extent of texturing to the nuclear scattering observed using the Debye-Bueche theory for inhomogeneous materials. Advanced age-related nuclear cataracts (age-range 38–75 years) and transparent lenses (age-range 48–78 years) were obtained following extracapsular cataract removal or from the eye bank, at the L. V. Prasad Eye Institute. Lens nuclei were Vibratome-sectioned, fixed and prepared for transmission electron microscopy using established techniques. Electron micrographs of the unstained thin sections of the cytoplasm were acquired at 6500X and percent scattering for wavelengths 400–700 nm was calculated using the Debye-Bueche theory. Electron micrographs from comparable areas in an oxidative-damage sensitive (OXYS) rat model and normal rat lenses preserved from an earlier study were used, as they have extremely textured and smooth cytoplasms, respectively. The Debye-Bueche theoretical approach produces plots that vary smoothly with wavelength and are sensitive to spatial fluctuations in density. The central lens fiber cells from advanced cataractous lenses from India and the OXYS rat, representing opaque lens nuclei, produced the greatest texture and scattering. The transparent human lenses from India had a smoother texture and less predicted scattering, similar to early cataracts from previous studies. The normal rat lens had a homogeneous cytoplasm and little scattering. The data indicate that this method allowed easy comparison of small variations in cytoplasmic texture and robustly detected differences between transparent and advanced cataractous human lenses. This may relate directly to the proportion of opacification contributed by the packing of crystallins. The percent scattering calculated using this method may thus be used to generate a range of curves with which to compare and quantify the relative contribution of the packing of crystallins to the loss of transparency and scattering observed.
Bilinear and Quadratic Forms on Rational Modules of Split Reductive Groups
Creators: name: Garibaldi, Skip
name: Nakano, Daniel K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G05

description: The representation theory of semisimple algebraic groups over the complex numbers (equivalently, semisimple complex Lie algebras or Lie groups, or real compact Lie groups) and the question of whether a given representation is symplectic or orthogonal has been solved over the complex numbers since at least the 1950s. Similar results for Weyl modules of split reductive groups over fields of characteristic different from 2 hold by using similar proofs. This paper considers analogues of these results for simple, induced and tilting modules of split reductive groups over fields of prime characteristic as well as a complete answer for Weyl modules over fields of characteristic 2.
Determining the Orientation of Low Resolution Images of a De-Bruijn Tracking Pattern with a CNN
Creators: name: Schmid, Andreas
name: Lippl, Stefan
name: Wimmer, Raphael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: CNN, Computer Vision, Tracking Pattern
subject: 004 Informatik

description: Inside-out optical 2D tracking of tangible objects on a surface oftentimes uses a high-resolution pattern printed on the surface. While De-Bruijn-torus patterns offer maximum information density, their orientation must be known to decode them. Determining the orientation is challenging for patterns with very fine details; traditional algorithms, such as Hough Lines, do not work reliably. We show that a convolutional neural network can reliably determine the orientation of quasi-random bitmaps with 6 × 6 pixels per block within 36 × 36 pixel images taken by a mouse sensor. Mean error rate is below 2°. Furthermore, our model outperformed Hough Lines in a test with arbitrarily rotated low-resolution rectangles. This implies that CNN-based rotation-detection might also be applicable for more general use cases.
Ultrastructural analysis of damage to nuclear fiber cell membranes in advanced age-related cataracts from India
Creators: name: Gilliland, Kurt O.
name: Metlapally, Sangeetha
name: Johnsen, Sönke
name: Costello, M.J.
name: Balasubramanian, Dorairajan
name: Krishna, Pravin V.
name: Ramamurthy, Balasubramanya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The primary goal was to characterize the structural alterations that occur at the fiber cell interfaces in nuclei of fully opaque cataracts removed by extracapsular cataract surgery in India. The dark yellow to brunescent nuclei, ages 38–78 years, were probably representative of advanced age-related nuclear cataracts. Thick tissue slices were fixed, en bloc stained and embedded for transmission electron microscopy. Stained thin sections contained well-preserved membranes and junctions, although the complex cellular topology often made it necessary to tilt the grid extensively to visualize the membranes. Damage to the fiber cell membranes was noted in all regions of the nucleus. The most important damage occurred within undulating membrane junctions where the loss of membrane segments was common. These membrane breaks were not sites of fusion as membrane edges were detected and cytoplasm appeared to be in contact with extracellular space, which was enlarged in many regions. Dense deposits of protein-like material were frequently observed within the extracellular space and appeared to be similar to protein in the adjacent cytoplasm. The deposits were often 20–50 nm thick, variable in length and located on specific sites on plasma membranes and between clusters of cells or cell processes. In addition, low density regions were seen within the extracellular space, especially within highly undulating membranes where spaces about 100 nm in diameter were observed. The membrane damage was more extensive and extracellular spaces were larger than in aged transparent donor lenses. Because high and low density regions contribute equally to the fluctuations in refractive index, the changes in density due to the observed damage near membranes are likely to produce significant light scattering based on theoretical analysis. The dimensions of the fluctuations in the range 20–100 nm imply that the scattering is probably similar to that of small particles that would increase high-angle scattering visible in the slit lamp. Such damage to membranes would be expected to contribute to the total opacification of the nucleus as the cataract matures. The main sources of the fluctuations appear to be the degradation of membranes and adjacent cytoplasmic proteins, as well as the redistribution of proteins and fragments.
Abelian sandpile model and Biggs-Merino polynomial for directed graphs
Creators: name: Chan, Swee Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C30, 05C31

description: We prove several results concerning a polynomial that arises from the sandpile model on directed graphs; these results are previously only known for undirected graphs. Implicit in the sandpile model is the choice of a sink vertex, and it is conjectured by Perrot and Pham that the polynomial $c_0+c_1y+\ldots c_n y^n$, where $c_i$ is the number of recurrent classes of the sandpile model with level $i$, is independent of the choice of the sink. We prove their conjecture by expressing the polynomial as an invariant of the sinkless sandpile model. We then present a bijection between arborescences of directed graphs and reverse $G$-parking functions that preserves external activity by generalizing Cori-Le Borgne bijection for undirected graphs. As an application of this bijection, we extend Merino's Theorem by showing that for Eulerian directed graphs the polynomial $c_0+c_1y+\ldots c_n y^n$ is equal to the greedoid polynomial of the graph.
description: v3 incorporates referee comments, improves proofs and notations
Synthetic Hyperspectral Array Video Database with Applications to Cross-Spectral Reconstruction and Hyperspectral Video Coding
Creators: name: Sippel, Frank
name: Seiler, Jürgen
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, a synthetic hyperspectral video database is introduced. Since it is impossible to record ground truth hyperspectral videos, this database offers the possibility to leverage the evaluation of algorithms in diverse applications. For all scenes, depth maps are provided as well to yield the position of a pixel in all spatial dimensions as well as the reflectance in spectral dimension. Two novel algorithms for two different applications are proposed to prove the diversity of applications that can be addressed by this novel database. First, a cross-spectral image reconstruction algorithm is extended to exploit the temporal correlation between two consecutive frames. The evaluation using this hyperspectral database shows an increase in PSNR of up to 5.6 dB dependent on the scene. Second, a hyperspectral video coder is introduced which extends an existing hyperspectral image coder by exploiting temporal correlation. The evaluation shows rate savings of up to 10% depending on the scene. The novel hyperspectral video database and source code is available at https:// github.com/ FAU-LMS/ HyViD for use by the research community.
Evidence for a calcification process in the trabecular meshwork
Creators: name: Comes, Núria
name: Borrás, Teresa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The human trabecular meshwork (TM) expresses many genes that have been associated with physiological (bone, cartilage, teeth) and pathological (vascular systems, kidney) calcification. In particular, the TM highly expresses the inhibitor of calcification Matrix Gla (MGP) gene, which encodes a vitamin K-dependent protein that requires post-translational activation to inhibit the formation of calcium precipitates. TM cells have high activity of the activating γ-carboxylase enzyme and produce active MGP. Silencing MGP increases the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an enzyme of the matrix vesicles and marker of calcification. Overexpressing MGP reduces the ALP activity induced by bone morphogenetic 2 (BMP2), a potent inducer of calcification. In this review we gathered evidence for the existence of a mineralization process in the TM. We selected twenty regulatory calcification genes, reviewed their functions in their original tissues and looked at their relative abundance in the TM by heat maps derived from existing microarrays. Although results are not yet fully conclusive and more experiments are needed, examining TM expression in the light of the calcification literature brings up many similarities. One such parallel is the role of mechanical forces in bone induction and the high levels of mineralization inhibitors found in the constantly mechanically stressed TM. During the next few years, examination of other calcification-related regulatory genes and pathways, as well as morphological examination of knockout animals would help elucidate the relevance of a calcification process to TM overall function.
Two-mode squeezed vacuum and squeezed light in correlated interferometry
Creators: name: Berchera, I. Ruo
name: Degiovanni, I. P.
name: Olivares, S.
name: Samantaray, N.
name: Traina, P.
name: Genovese, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study in detail a system of two interferometers aimed to the detection of extremely faint phase-fluctuations. This system can represent a breakthrough for detecting a faint correlated signal that would remain otherwise undetectable even using the most sensitive individual interferometric devices, that are limited by the shot noise. If the two interferometers experience identical phase-fluctuations, like the ones introduced by the so called "holographic noise", this signal should emerge if their output signals are correlated, while the fluctuations due to shot noise and other independent contributions will vanish. We show how the injecting quantum light in the free ports of the interferometers can reduce the photon noise of the system beyond the shot-noise, enhancing the resolution in the phase-correlation estimation. We analyze both the use of two-mode squeezed vacuum or twin-beam state (TWB) and of two independent squeezing states. Our results basically confirms the benefit of using squeezed beams together with strong coherent beams in interferometry, even in this correlated case. However, mainly we concentrate on the possible use of TWB, discovering interesting and probably unexplored areas of application of bipartite entanglement and in particular the possibility of reaching in principle surprising uncertainty reduction.
Gutgemeint? Eine Ruanda-Hilfs-Aktion und die künftige Katastrophenhilfe
Creators: name: Foitzik, Alexander
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 48 Nr. 10 (1994): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 48, Heft 10
Cylinders as Left Invariant CMC Surfaces in $\operatorname{Sol}_3$ and $E(κ,τ)$-Spaces Diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^3$
Creators: name: Vržina, Miroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 53A10, Secondary 53C22, 53C30

description: In the present paper we give a geometric proof for the existence of cylinders with constant mean curvature $H>H(X)$ in certain simply connected homogeneous three-manifolds $X$ diffeomorphic to $\mathbb{R}^3$, which always admit a Lie group structure. Here, $H(X)$ denotes the critical value for which constant mean curvature spheres in $X$ exist. Our cylinders are generated by a simple closed curve under a one-parameter group of isometries, induced by left translations along certain geodesics. In the spaces $\operatorname{Sol}_3$ and $\widetilde{\operatorname{PSL}}_2(\mathbb{R})$ we establish existence of new properly embedded constant mean curvature annuli. We include computed examples of cylinders in $\operatorname{Sol}_3$ generated by non-embedded simple closed curves.
description: Final version of paper, no changes to previous version
SARs of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines as Inhibitors and Target Degraders of Group 2 Influenza A Viruses
Creators: name: Alqarni, Saad
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Influenza A virus is a highly contagious virus that causes pandemics and seasonal epidemics, which are major public health issues. Current anti-influenza therapeutics are limited by the resistant strains of Influenza A viruses that are constantly emerging; thus, there is an unmet need to develop novel anti-influenza therapies. Here, we present a novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine scaffold that targets group 2 Influenza A virus entry. We have explored three different regions of the lead compound, and we have developed a series of small molecules that have nanomolar activity against oseltamivir-sensitive and -resistant forms of group 2 Influenza A virus. These small molecules likely target hemagglutinin, a key component of the viral entry process. The interaction with HA is supported by site-directed mutagenesis. To evaluate an alternative approach to target influenza, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine scaffold was modified to make small molecule degraders that can inhibit the infectivity of the virus. These modified molecules maintained the entry inhibition effect in a pseudotyped viral assay. Further testing and evaluation of these molecules’ activity will assess the effectiveness of the degradation approach.
Reduction in endothelial tip cell filopodia corresponds to reduced intravitreous but not intraretinal vascularization in a model of ROP
Creators: name: Hartnett, Mary Elizabeth
name: Byfield, Grace
name: Martiniuk, David
name: Budd, Steven
name: Geisen, Pete
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To determine the effect of a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 tyrosine kinase (VEGFR2) inhibitor on intravitreous neovascularization (IVNV), endothelial tip cell filopodia, and intraretinal vascularization in a rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Fermionic greybody factors in Schwarzschild acoustic black holes
Creators: name: Kanzi, Sara
name: Sakallı, İzzet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Schwarzschild's acoustic black hole (SABH) spacetime, we investigate the wave dynamics for the fermions. To this end, we first take into account the Dirac equation in the SABH by employing a null tetrad in the Newman-Penrose (NP) formalism. Then, we consider the Dirac and Rarita Schwinger equations, respectively. The field equations are reduced to sets of radial and angular equations. By using the analytical solution of the angular equation set, we decouple the radial wave equations and obtain the one-dimensional Schrödinger like wave equations with their effective potentials. The obtained effective potentials are graphically depicted and analyzed. Finally, we investigate the fermionic greybody factors (GFs) radiated by the SABH spacetime. A thorough investigation is conducted into how the acoustic tuning parameter affects the GFs of the SABH spacetime. Both the semi-analytic WKB method and bounds for the GFs are used to produce the results, which are shown graphically and discussed.
Passive acoustic monitoring in terrestrial vertebrates: a review
Creators: name: Hoefer, Sebastian
name: McKnight, Donald T.
name: Allen-Ankins, Slade
name: Nordberg, Eric J.
name: Schwarzkopf, Lin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has become increasingly popular in ecological studies, but its efficacy for assessing overall terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity is unclear. To quantify this, its performance for species detection must be directly compared to that obtained using traditional observer-based monitoring (OBM). Here, we review such comparisons across all major terrestrial vertebrate classes and identify factors impacting PAM performance. From 41 studies, we found that while PAM-OBM comparisons have been made for all major terrestrial vertebrate classes, most comparisons have focused on birds (65%) in North America (52%). PAM performed equally well or better (61%) compared to OBM in general. We found no statistical difference between the methods for total number of species detected across all vertebrate classes (excluding reptiles); however, recording period and region of study influenced the relative performance of PAM, while acoustic analysis method and which method sampled for longer overall showed no impact. Further studies comparing PAM performance in non-avian vertebrates using standardised methods are needed to investigate in more detail the factors that may influence PAM performance. While PAM is a valuable tool for vertebrate surveys, a combined approach with targeted OBM for non-vocal species should achieve the most comprehensive assessment of terrestrial vertebrate communities.
Electroencephalographic Determination of Movement Termination for Use in Stroke Neurorehabilitation
Creators: name: Benedetti, Andrea
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Multiple changes occur in the brain of a stroke subject after the incident, many of these changes affect the control of muscle contraction and relaxation. This single-subject study to inspected cortical activity while a simple motor task was performed. We collected brain and muscle related electrical signals with an electroencephalographic electrode cap and Electromyographic electrodes in our lab (Robotics Lab at Shirley Ryan AbilityLab), with the goal of identifying altered brain correlates preceding and following grasp termination, as a part of the research and development of a novel device targeting neurorehabilitation. This study gave us the chance to test our hypothesis: differences in motor performance of the paretic hand with respect to the non paretic hand were related to different cortical activation patterns. Here, we measured motor related brain activation through the behaviour of sensorimotor rhythms of the motor cortex. Our experimental set-up demonstrated the feasibility to record, distinguish, and quantify brain modulations related to muscle activation and relaxation, imposing commands through visual stimuli to the subject. This study showed how markers of the brain dis-inhibition action on muscles can be detected in stroke patient with statistical significance (p < 0,005; bootstrap permutation test) in terms of Power Spectral Amplitude respect to baseline of Mu (8–13 Hz) and Beta (14–25 Hz) rhythms; moreover, we detected differences in activation patterns (mean Power Spectrum pre and post task) between the affected and non affected side. These findings provided us the opportunity to investigate the alterations of cortical activity in stroke patients, allowing to formulate further hypothesis on this phenomena. Moreover, this study on the mechanisms of movement termination will potentially help the research and development of a novel device targeting brain and muscle activation to control hand exoskeletons for stroke neurorehabilitation.
Spectropolarimetric monitoring of active galaxy 3C390.3 with 6m telescope SAO RAS in the period 2009-2014
Creators: name: Afanasiev, V. L.
name: Shapovalova, A. I.
name: Popovic, L. C.
name: Borisov, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we present the spectropolarimetric observations of the radio loud active galaxy 3C 390.3 in the period 2009-2014 (24 epochs). The galaxy has been observed with the 6-meter telescope of SAO RAS using the SCORPIO spectropolarimeter. We explore the variability and lags in the polarized light of the continuum and broad H$α$ line. We give the Stokes parameters $Q, U$, degree of linear polarization $P$ and the position angle of the polarization plane, $φ$, for 24 epochs. We find a small lag~(10-40 days) between the unpolarized and polarized continuum that is significantly smaller than the estimated lags for the unpolarized broad emission lines (lag(H$α$)$\sim$138-186 and lag(H$β$)$\sim$60-79 days). This shows that the region of the variable polarized continuum is significantly smaller than the broad line region, indicating that a part of the polarized continuum is coming from the jet. The lag of the polarized light in the H$α$ line (89-156 days) indicates an additional component to the disc one that has an outflowing velocity of $\sim$-1200 km s$^{-1}$. This region seems to depolarize the polarized broad H$α$ line emitted from the disc and scattered in the inner part of the torus.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS accepted
Transduced viral IL-10 is exocytosed from lacrimal acinar secretory vesicles in a myosin-dependent manner in response to carbachol
Creators: name: Xie, Jiansong
name: Trousdale, Melvin D.
name: Thomas, Padmaja B.
name: Jacobs, Damon T.
name: Yarber, Francie A.
name: Hamm-Alvarez, Sarah F.
name: Marchelletta, Ronald R.
name: Cheney, Richard E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the intracellular trafficking and release pathways for the therapeutic protein, viral IL-10 (vIL-10), from transduced acinar epithelial cells from rabbit lacrimal gland. Primary cultured rabbit lacrimal gland acinar cells (LGACs) were transduced with adenovirus serotype 5 containing viral interleukin-10 (AdvIL-10). The distribution of vIL-10 was assessed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Carbachol (CCH)-stimulated release of vIL-10 was quantified by ELISA. vIL-10 localization and exocytosis was probed in response to treatments with agents modulating actin- and myosin-based transport. vIL-10 immunoreactivity was detected in large intracellular vesicles in transduced LGAC. vIL-10 was partially co-localized with biosynthetic but not endosomal compartment markers. vIL-10 release was sensitive to CCH, and the kinetics of release showed an initial burst phase that was similar but not identical to that of the secretory protein, β-hexosaminidase. Disassembly of actin filaments with latrunculin B significantly increased CCH-stimulated vIL-10 secretion, suggesting that vIL-10 was released from stores sequestered beneath the subapical actin barrier. That release required the activity of actin-dependent myosin motors previously implicated in secretory vesicle exocytosis was confirmed by findings that CCH-stimulated vIL-10 release was reduced by inhibition of non-muscle myosin 2 and myosin 5c function, using ML-7 and overexpression of dominant negative myosin 5c, respectively. These results suggest that the majority of vIL-10 transgene product is packaged into a subpopulation of secretory vesicles that utilize actin-dependent myosin motors for aspects of actin coat assembly, compound fusion and exocytosis at the apical plasma membrane in response to CCH stimulation.
Quantum Encryption of superposition states with Quantum Permutation Pad in IBM Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Perepechaenko, Maria
name: Kuang, Randy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an implementation of Kuang and Bettenburg's Quantum Permutation Pad (QPP) used to encrypt superposition states. The project was conducted on currently available IBM quantum systems using the Qiskit development kit. This work extends previously reported implementation of QPP used to encrypt basis states and demonstrates that application of the QPP scheme is not limited to the encryption of basis states. For this implementation, a pad of 56 2-qubit Permutation matrices was used, providing 256 bits of entropy for the QPP algorithm. An image of a cat was used as the plaintext for this experiment. To create corresponding superposition states, we applied a novel operator defined in this paper. These superposition states were then encrypted using QPP, producing superposition ciphertext states. Due to the lack of a quantum channel, we omitted the transmission and executed the decryption procedure on the same IBM quantum system. If a quantum channel existed, the superposition ciphertext states could be transmitted as qubits, and be directly decrypted on a different quantum system. We provide a brief discussion of the security, although the focus of the paper remains on the implementation. Previously we have demonstrated QPP operating in both classical and quantum computers, offering an interesting opportunity to bridge the security gap between classical and quantum systems. This work broadens the applicability of QPP for the encryption of basis states as well as superposition states.
description: 28 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, in revision for EPJ
Combined analysis of the decays $τ^{-}\to K_{S}π^{-}ν_τ$ and $τ^{-}\to K^{-}ην_τ$
Creators: name: González-Solís, Sergi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential of performing a combined analysis of the strangeness-changing decays $τ^{-}\to K_{S}π^{-}ν_τ$ and $τ^{-}\to K^{-}ην_τ$ for unveiling the $K^{*}(1410)$ resonance pole parameters is illustrated. Our study is carried out within the framework of Chiral Perturbation Theory, including resonances as explicit degrees of freedom. Resummation of final state interactions are considered through a dispersive parameterization of the required form factors. A considerable improvement in the determination of the pole position with mass $M_{K^{*}(1410)}=1304\pm17$ MeV and width $Γ_{K^{*}(1410)}=171\pm62$ MeV is obtained.
description: Talk given at XIth Quark Confinement and Hadron Spectrum, 8-12th September (2014), Saint Petersburg (Russia)
On the Category of Graded F Modules
Creators: name: Gray, McKinley
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Let R = k[x, y] be a polynomial ring over a field k of prime characteristic p and let E denote the injective hull of k (which is isomorphic to H2 (x,y)(R)). We prove that E is not an injective object in the category of graded F -modules over R. This answers in the negative a question raised by Lyubeznik-Singh-Walther.
MAKE: Vision-Language Pre-training based Product Retrieval in Taobao Search
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiaoyang
name: Wang, Zilong
name: Xu, Ke
name: Li, Sen
name: Zhuang, Tao
name: Liu, Qingwen
name: Zeng, Xiaoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Taobao Search consists of two phases: the retrieval phase and the ranking phase. Given a user query, the retrieval phase returns a subset of candidate products for the following ranking phase. Recently, the paradigm of pre-training and fine-tuning has shown its potential in incorporating visual clues into retrieval tasks. In this paper, we focus on solving the problem of text-to-multimodal retrieval in Taobao Search. We consider that users' attention on titles or images varies on products. Hence, we propose a novel Modal Adaptation module for cross-modal fusion, which helps assigns appropriate weights on texts and images across products. Furthermore, in e-commerce search, user queries tend to be brief and thus lead to significant semantic imbalance between user queries and product titles. Therefore, we design a separate text encoder and a Keyword Enhancement mechanism to enrich the query representations and improve text-to-multimodal matching. To this end, we present a novel vision-language (V+L) pre-training methods to exploit the multimodal information of (user query, product title, product image). Extensive experiments demonstrate that our retrieval-specific pre-training model (referred to as MAKE) outperforms existing V+L pre-training methods on the text-to-multimodal retrieval task. MAKE has been deployed online and brings major improvements on the retrieval system of Taobao Search.
description: 5 pages, accepted to The Industry Track of the Web Conference 2023
A New Black Hole Mass Estimate for Obscured Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Minezaki, Takeo
name: Matsushita, Kyoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method for estimating the mass of a supermassive black hole, applicable to obscured AGNs. This method estimates the black hole mass using the width of the narrow core of the neutral FeKa emission line in X-rays and the distance of its emitting region from the black hole based on the isotropic luminosity indicator via the luminosity scaling relation. We collect the line width data of the neutral FeKa line core for seven type-1 AGNs and seven type-2 AGNs obtained by the Chandra HETGS. Assuming the virial relation between the locations and the velocity widths of the neutral FeKa line core and the broad Hb emission line, the luminosity scaling relation of the neutral FeKa line core emitting region is estimated. We find that the FWHM of the neutral FeKa line core falls between that of the broad Balmer emission lines and the corresponding value at the dust reverberation radius for most of the type-1 AGNs and for all of the type-2 AGNs. This suggests that significant fraction of photons of the neutral FeKa line core originates between the outer BLR and the inner dust torus in most cases. The black hole mass M_FeKa estimated with this method is then compared with other black hole mass estimates, such as the broad emission-line reverberation mass M_rev for the type-1 AGNs, the mass M_H2O based on the H2O maser and the single-epoch mass estimate M_pol based on the polarized broad Balmer lines for the type-2 AGNs. We find that M_FeKa is consistent with M_rev for the most of the type-1 AGNs and with M_pol for all of the type-2 AGNs. We also find that M_FeKa is correlated well with M_H2O for the type-2 AGNs. These results suggest that M_FeKa is a potential indicator of the black hole mass especially for obscured AGNs. In contrast, M_FeKa for which the same virial factor as for M_rev and M_pol is adopted is systematically larger than M_H2O by about a factor of about 5. (abridged)
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Awakening Inherent Linguistic Structures
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Tanmoy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200303 English as a Second Language
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Language teachers are often averse to integrating syntactic principles in their language teaching activities. However, a knowledge of very basic principles of syntactic theory can make language teaching, especially second language teaching, interesting and meaningful. This article highlights the benefits of using certain linguistic tools to analyse texts in a typical school textbook. It takes up two poems in English and Hindi of Class 4 to demonstrate that a teacher aware of thestructure of sentences can bring about a transformative change in the learning imparted.
Multilamellar spherical particles as potential sources of excessive light scattering in human age-related nuclear cataracts
Creators: name: Metlapally, Sangeetha
name: Costello, M. Joseph
name: Gilliland, Kurt O.
name: Balasubramanian, Dorairajan
name: Johnsen, Sönke
name: Frame, Lesley
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: The goal of this project was to determine the relative refractive index (RI) of the interior of multilamellar bodies (MLBs) compared to the adjacent cytoplasm within human nuclear fiber cells. MLBs have been characterized previously as 1-4 μm diameter spherical particles covered by multiple lipid bilayers surrounding a cytoplasmic core of variable density. Age-related nuclear cataracts have more MLBs than transparent donor lenses and were predicted to have high forward scattering according to Mie scattering theory, assuming different RIs for the MLB and cytoplasm. In this study quantitative values of relative RI were determined from specific MLBs in electron micrographs of thin sections and used to calculate new Mie scattering plots. Fresh lenses were Vibratome sectioned, immersion fixed and en bloc stained with osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate, or uranyl acetate alone, prior to dehydration and embedding in epoxy or acrylic resins. Thin sections 70 nm thick were cut on a diamond knife and imaged without grid stains at 60 kV using a CCD camera on a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Integrated intensities in digital electron micrographs were related directly to protein density, which is linearly related to RI for a given substance. The RI of the MLB interior was calculated assuming an RI value of 1.42 for the cytoplasm from the literature. Calculated RI values for MLBs ranged from 1.35 to 1.53. Thus, some MLBs appeared to have interior protein densities similar to or less than the adjacent cytoplasm whereas others had significantly higher densities. The higher density MLBs occurred preferentially in older and more advanced cataracts suggesting a maturation process. The bilayer coats were more often observed in MLBs from transparent donors and early stage cataracts indicating that bilayer loss was part of the MLB maturation, producing large low-density spaces around dense MLB cores. These spaces were frequently observed in advanced cataracts from India as large low-density crescents and annular rings. Predicted scattering from Mie plots using particles with dense cores and low-density rims was higher than reported previously, although the most important factor was the relative RI , not the MLB coat or lack thereof. In conclusion, the measurements confirm the high protein density and RI of some MLB interiors compared to adjacent cytoplasm. This high RI ratio used in the Mie calculations suggests that for 2 000 MLBs/mm3, about half that reported for early stage nuclear cataracts from the US, the forward scattering could be more than 30% of the incident light. Therefore, the extent of forward scattering and its influence on macular visual acuity could be important components of ophthalmological evaluations of cataract patients.
Prevalence, Predictors, and Risks of Central Nervous System Drug Combinations in Older Adult Opioid Users
Creators: name: Moran, Kellyn
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Use of central nervous system (CNS) medication combinations may be common in older adults with a history of persistent opioid use due to comorbidities and multimodal approaches to pain management. There is limited longitudinal data about the prevalence and trends of CNS polypharmacy in this population, and there are gaps in evidence regarding its impact on the risk of fall-related injury. Fall-related injuries can have significant clinical and economic consequences; therefore, weighing the risks and benefits is important for safe medication management. The goal of this dissertation was to describe real-world trends and assess the safety of CNS polypharmacy within this population. Three studies were conducted to meet this goal. The aim of the first study was to describe trends in CNS polypharmacy among older adults with a history of persistent opioid use. The second study identified and characterized individual trajectories of the number of concomitant CNS medications and assessed the risk of fall-related injury associated with these trajectories. The third study compared the overall and incremental risk of fall-related injury associated with specific combinations and sequence of use of CNS medication classes. Overall, the evidence generated in this dissertation suggests that CNS polypharmacy is prevalent among older adults with a history of persistent opioid use. Most individuals have stable use patterns of CNS medications overtime, but these patterns were associated with differential risks of fall-related injury. Notably, patients using a decreasing number of CNS medications reduced their risk for fall-related injury. Finally, the sequence of CNS medication use may be important when modifying a medication regimen; however, it is also critical to consider the influence of specific medications such as skeletal muscle relaxants. Future studies could expand to other populations, including those with acute opioid use, identify drivers of CNS polypharmacy, and evaluate the appropriateness of different CNS medication combinations in addition to the safety risks.