cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Study of total synthesis of 9α,10β-Bisangeloyloxy-7-epi-3E-agerafastin and 3-O- Feruloylcassine by copper-mediated nucleophilic substitution and gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization
Creators: name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Total synthesis
subject: 9α
subject: 10β-Bisangeloyloxy-7-epi-3E-agerafastin
subject: 3-O-Feruloylcassine
subject: Copper-mediated nucleophilic substitution
subject: Gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization
subject: 540
subject: Katalyse
subject: Gold

description: In this dissertation, the main work is the synthesis of 6-membered heterocyclic natural products by using the synthetic methods developed in our group, i.e. the copper-mediated nucleophilic substitution for synthesizing functionalized allenes, as well as, the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of functionalized allenes for synthesizing heterocycles. Chapter 2 demonstrates the journey of the first total synthesis of 9α,10β-Bisangeloyloxy-7 - epi- 3E- agerafastin including the racemic synthesis route and enantioselective synthesis route. In the racemic synthesis route, starting from the commercially available but-2-yn-1-ol, through the key steps of the copper-mediated SN2'-substitution of propargyl acetates and the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of β-hydroxyallenes, the core ring system of agerafastin was obtained. Subsequently, a sequence of epoxidation/esterification/oxidation/olefination was performed to afford the final racemic natural product. Based on the racemic synthesis, changing the starting material to the allyl alcohol, the three chiral centers of agerafastin were obtained by the Sharpless dihydroxylation, asymmetric epoxidation and selective opening of epoxide to provide enantiomerically pure core ring system. Finally, the last step of modified Julia olefination affords the natural product with high stereoselectivity as well as good E/Z ratio. Chapter 3 studies the total synthesis of (+)-3-O-Feruloylcassine based on our previous work. Starting from the propargyl alcohol, through a sequence of HWE reaction/ reduction/Mitsunobu reaction/Sharpless dihydroxylation, the important intermediate propargyl dicarbonate was obtained. Then, the NHC-ligand for the key step of CuH-catalyzed SN2'-reduction was synthesized. After that, the CuH-catalyzed SN2'-reduction of propargyl dicarbonates was optimized to give desired β-aminoallene. The other key step, gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of β-aminoallenes, will be further optimized by using more active gold catalysts until the desired core ring system of natural product (+)-3-O-Feruloylcassine is formed with good results and the total synthesis will be continued.
title: Braunschweigische Anzeigen : offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt. 50. Jahr 1794
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei
Year: 1794
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Braunschweigische Anzeigen
subject: 902

description: Braunschweigische Anzeigen: offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt, vol. 50. 1794
Joint statistics of work and entropy production along quantum trajectories
Creators: name: Miller, Harry J. D.
name: Mohammady, M. Hamed
name: Perarnau-Llobet, Martí
name: Guarnieri, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In thermodynamics, entropy production and work quantify irreversibility and the consumption of useful energy, respectively, when a system is driven out of equilibrium. For quantum systems, these quantities can be identified at the stochastic level by unravelling the system's evolution in terms of quantum jump trajectories. We here derive a general formula for computing the joint statistics of work and entropy production in Markovian driven quantum systems, whose instantaneous steady-states are of Gibbs form. If the driven system remains close to the instantaneous Gibbs state at all times, we show that the corresponding two-variable cumulant generating function implies a joint detailed fluctuation theorem so long as detailed balance is satisfied. As a corollary, we derive a modified fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) for the entropy production alone, applicable to transitions between arbitrary steady-states, and for systems that violate detailed balance. This FDR contains a term arising from genuinely quantum fluctuations, and extends an analogous relation from classical thermodynamics to the quantum regime.
description: 19 pages, 1 figure. The results presented here have been adapted from a previous draft of arXiv:2006.07316, which has now been divided into two articles
A generic frequency dependence for the atmospheric tidal torque of terrestrial planets
Creators: name: Auclair-Desrotour, Pierre
name: Leconte, Jérémy
name: Mergny, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-02

description: Thermal atmospheric tides have a strong impact on the rotation of terrestrial planets. They can lock these planets into an asynchronous rotation state of equilibrium. We aim at characterizing the dependence of the tidal torque resulting from the semidiurnal thermal tide on the tidal frequency, the planet orbital radius, and the atmospheric surface pressure. The tidal torque is computed from full 3D simulations of the atmospheric climate and mean flows using a generic version of the LMDZ general circulation model (GCM) in the case of a nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. Numerical results are discussed with the help of an updated linear analytical framework. Power scaling laws governing the evolution of the torque with the planet orbital radius and surface pressure are derived. The tidal torque exhibits i) a thermal peak in the vicinity of synchronization, ii) a resonant peak associated with the excitation of the Lamb mode in the high frequency range, and iii) well defined frequency slopes outside these resonances. These features are well explained by our linear theory. Whatever the star-planet distance and surface pressure, the torque frequency spectrum -- when rescaled with the relevant power laws -- always presents the same behaviour. This allows us to provide a single and easily usable empirical formula describing the atmospheric tidal torque over the whole parameter space. With such a formula, the effect of the atmospheric tidal torque can be implemented in evolutionary models of the rotational dynamics of a planet in a computationally efficient, and yet relatively accurate way.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 23 pages, 9 figures
Numerical study of Bingham flow in macrosopic two dimensional heterogenous porous media
Creators: name: Kostenko, R.
name: Talon, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of non-Newtonian fluids is ubiquitous in many applications in the geological and industrial context. We focus here on yield stress fluids (YSF), i.e. a material that requires minimal stress to flow. We study numerically the flow of yield stress fluids in 2D porous media on a macroscopic scale in the presence of local heterogeneities. As with the microscopic problem, heterogeneities are of crucial importance because some regions will flow more easily than others. As a result, the flow is characterized by preferential flow paths with fractal features. These fractal properties are characterized by different scale exponents that will be determined and analyzed. One of the salient features of these results is that these exponents seem to be independent of the amplitude of heterogeneities for a log-normal distribution. In addition, these exponents appear to differ from those at the microscopic level, illustrating the fact that, although similar, the two scales are governed by different sets of equations.
title: Braunschweigische Anzeigen : offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt. 43. Jahr 1787
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Fürstliche Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei
Year: 1787
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Braunschweigische Anzeigen
subject: 902

description: Braunschweigische Anzeigen: offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt, vol. 43. 1787
Additional file 3: of Barriers and facilitators to the successful development, implementation and evaluation of care bundles in acute care in hospital: a scoping review
Creators: name: D. Gilhooly
name: S. Green
name: C. McCann
name: N. Black
name: S. Moonesinghe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Appendix 3A. Statistical results table. Appendix 3B. List of studies used for statistical analysis (DOCX 116 kb)
SD Perturbiner in YM+Gravity
Creators: name: Selivanov, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit self-dual classical solution of the type of perturbiner in Yang-Mills theory interacting with gravity is obtained. This allows one to describe the tree self-dual gluonic form-factors including any number of positive-helicity gravitons in addition to the positive helicity gluons.
description: 8 pages, Latex
Gaussian process approach within a data-driven POD framework for fluid dynamics engineering problems
Creators: name: Ortali, Giulio
name: Demo, Nicola
name: Rozza, Gianluigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work describes the implementation of a data-driven approach for the reduction of the complexity of parametrical partial differential equations (PDEs) employing Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). This approach is applied initially to a literature case, the simulation of the stokes problems, and in the following to a real-world industrial problem, inside a shape optimization pipeline for a naval engineering problem.
Aligned and Spontaneous Flavor Violation
Creators: name: Egana-Ugrinovic, Daniel
name: Homiller, Samuel
name: Meade, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic spurion setup called Aligned Flavor Violation (AFV) that allows for new physics couplings to quarks that are aligned with the Standard Model (SM) Yukawas, but do not necessarily share their hierarchies nor are family universal. Additionally, we show that there is an important subset of AFV called Spontaneous Flavor Violation (SFV), which naturally arises from UV completions where the quark family number and CP groups are spontaneously broken. Flavor-changing neutral currents are strongly suppressed in SFV extensions of the SM. We study SFV from an effective field theory perspective and demonstrate that SFV new physics with significant and preferential couplings to first or second generation quarks may be close to the TeV scale.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
The relation between outburst rate and orbital period in low-mass X-ray binary transients
Creators: name: Lin, Jie
name: Yan, Zhen
name: Han, Zhanwen
name: Yu, Wenfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the outburst properties of low-mass X-ray binary transients (LMXBTs) based on a comprehensive study of the outbursts observed in the past few decades. The outburst rates were estimated based on the X-ray monitoring data from Swift/BAT, RXTE/ASM and MAXI, and previous reports in the literature. We found that almost all LMXBTs with the orbital period below $\sim$12 hr showed only one outburst in these observations. There are systematic difference in the outburst rate between long-period ($P_{\rm orb} \gtrsim$ 12 hr) and short-period ($P_{\rm orb} \lesssim$ 12 hr) systems. We infer that mass transfer rate is responsible for the systematic difference, since the disk instability model (DIM) suggested that the mass transfer rate is a key factor affecting the quiescence time. The difference in outburst rate between long-period and short-period LMXBTs is probably due to the different mass transfer mechanism at different evolutionary stages of the donors. Based on the evolutionary tracks of single stars, we derived the critical orbital period for X-ray binaries that harbor a subgiant donor in various metallicity. The critical orbital period ($P_{\rm orb,crit}=$12.4 hr) is consistent with the above orbital period boundary obtained from the statistics of outburst rates. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between the outburst rate and the orbital period in the samples for which the luminosity class of the donor star is III/IV. The best-fitting power-law index for the black hole subsamples is roughly consistent with the theoretical prediction for those systems with a donor star evolved off the main sequence.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; accepted by ApJ
Non Asymptotic Properties of Transport and Mixing
Creators: name: Boffetta, G.
name: Celani, A.
name: Cencini, M.
name: Lacorata, G.
name: Vulpiani, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study relative dispersion of passive scalar in non-ideal cases, i.e. in situations in which asymptotic techniques cannot be applied; typically when the characteristic length scale of the Eulerian velocity field is not much smaller than the domain size. Of course, in such a situation usual asymptotic quantities (the diffusion coefficients) do not give any relevant information about the transport mechanisms. On the other hand, we shall show that the Finite Size Lyapunov Exponent, originally introduced for the predictability problem, appears to be rather powerful in approaching the non-asymptotic transport properties. This technique is applied in a series of numerical experiments in simple flows with chaotic behaviors, in experimental data analysis of drifter and to study relative dispersion in fully developed turbulence.
description: 19 RevTeX pages + 8 figures included, submitted on Chaos special issue on Transport and Mixing
Additional file 1 of Precise aftershock activity in the marine source region of the 2024 Noto-Hanto earthquake by rapid response observation using ocean bottom seismometers
Creators: name: Shinohara, Masanao
name: Hino, Ryota
name: Takahashi, Tsutomu
name: Obana, Koichiro
name: Kodaira, Shuichi
name: Azuma, Ryosuke
name: Yamada, Tomoaki
name: Akuhara, Takeshi
name: Yamashita, Yusuke
name: Kurashimo, Eiji
name: Murai, Yoshio
name: lsse, Takehi
name: Nakahigashi, Kazuo
name: Baba, Hisatoshi
name: Ohta, Yusaku
name: Ito, Yoshihiro
name: Yakiwara, Hiroshi
name: Nakatani, Yukihiro
name: Fujie, Gou
name: Sato, Toshinori
name: Shiobara, Hajime
name: Mochizuki, Kimihiro
name: Sakai, Shin’ichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1.
title: Микроэкономика
title: Практикум
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Дятлова Е.А.
name:  Шляхтова Л.М.
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Эр Медиа
Year: 2019

description: Практикум включает в себя развернутые вопросы по каждой учебной теме дисциплины «Микроэкономика». Рекомендуемая экономическая литература, тематика докладов и рефератов позволит студентам расширить кругозор экономических знаний и повысить степень подготовленности к семинарским занятиям. Задачи, практические задания, дискуссионные вопросы, проблемы и ситуации, содержащиеся в каждой теме, позволят сформировать у студентов практические умения и навыки, необходимые в профессиональной деятельности. Практикум разработан в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования и предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 38.03.01 «Экономика».
Can we rely on hybrid-DFT energies of solid-state problems with local-DFT geometries?
Creators: name: Gouveia, J. D.
name: Coutinho, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid functionals often improve considerably the accuracy of density-functional calculations, in particular of quantities resulting from the band structure. In plane-wave (PW) calculations this benefit comes at the cost of an increase in computation time by several orders of magnitude. For this reason, large-scale problems addressed within the PW formalism have to rely on pre-relaxed atomistic geometries, obtained with cheaper local or semi-local exchange-correlation functionals. We investigate how suitable these geometries are when plugged into single-point hybrid-DFT calculations. Based on several case studies, we find two important sources of error originating from (i) bond strain and (ii) over-mixing between defect and crystalline states. The first arises from the mismatch between the pre-relaxed geometry and that obtained after a subsequent hybrid-DFT-level relaxation. The second occurs when defect states edging an underestimated band gap artificially mix with crystalline states, affecting the local bonding character of the defect, and therefore leading the spurious hybrid-DFT energies. Due to cancelation effects, the lingering strain contributes little ($\lesssim10$ meV) to the error bar of quantities based on energy differences of pre-relaxed structures. The error from state over-mixing does not benefit from cancelation effects and has to be monitored with caution.
Rigidity and Superfast Signal Propagation in Fluids and Solids in Non-Equilibrium Steady States
Creators: name: Kirkpatrick, T. R.
name: Belitz, D.
name: Dorfman, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the 1980s it was theoretically predicted that correlations of various observables in a fluid in a non-equilibrium steady state (NESS) are extraordinarily long-ranged, extending, in a well-defined sense, over the size of the system. This is to be contrasted with correlations in an equilibrium fluid, whose range is typically just a few particle diameters. These NESS correlations were later confirmed by numerous experimental studies. Unlike long-ranged correlations at critical points, these correlations are generic in the sense that they exist for any temperature as long as the system is in a NESS. In equilibrium systems, generic long-ranged correlations are caused by spontaneously broken continuous symmetries and are associated with a generalized rigidity, which in turn leads to a new propagating excitation or mode. For example, in a solid, spatial rigidity leads to transverse sound waves, while in a superfluid, phase rigidity leads to temperature waves known as second sound at finite temperatures, and phonons at zero temperature. More generally, long-ranged spatial correlations imply rigidity irrespective of their physical origin. This implies that a fluid in a NESS should also display a type of rigidity and related anomalous transport behavior. Here we show that this is indeed the case. For the particular case of a simple fluid in a constant temperature gradient, the anomalous transport behavior takes the form of a super-diffusive spread of a constant-pressure temperature perturbation. We also discuss the case of an elastic solid, where we predict a spread that is faster than ballistic.
description: 9pp, 2 figs
Open Space Programming & Use: A comparison of two Vancouver neighbourhood parks
Creators: name: Yufe, Anita
name: Vogt, Megan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Three Essays on Asset Pricing
Creators: An, Byeongje
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Finance
Assets (Accounting)--Prices
Capital assets pricing model
Business
Private equity funds

description: The first essay examines the joint determination of the contract for a private equity (PE) fund manager and the equilibrium risk premium of the PE fund. My model relies on two realistic features of PE funds. First, I model agency frictions between PE fund's investors and manager. Second, I model the illiquidity of PE fund investments. To alleviate agency frictions, compensation to the manager becomes sensitive to the PE fund performance, which makes investors excessively hold the PE fund to hedge the manager's fees. This induces a negative effect on the risk premium in equilibrium. For the second feature, I add search frictions in the secondary market for PE fund's shares. PE fund returns also contain a positive illiquidity premium since investors internalize the possibility of holding sub-optimal positions in the PE fund. Thus, my model delivers a plausible explanation for the inconclusive findings of the empirical literature regarding PE funds' performance. Agency conflicts deliver a lower risk-adjusted performance of PE funds, while illiquidity risk can raise it.
      In the second essay, coauthored with Andrew Ang and Pierre Collin-Dufresne, we investigate how often investors should adjust asset class allocation targets when returns are predictable and updating allocation targets is costly. We compute optimal tactical asset allocation (TAA) policies over equities and bonds. By varying how often the weights are reset, we estimate the utility costs of different frequencies of TAA decisions relative to the continuous optimal Merton (1971) policy. We find that the utility cost of infrequent switching is minimized when the investor updates the target portfolio weights annually. Tactical tilts taking advantage of predictable stock returns generate approximately twice as much value as those market-timing bond returns.
      In the third essay, also coauthored with Andrew Ang and Pierre Collin-Dufresne, we revisit the question of a pension sponsor's optimal asset allocation in the presence of a downside constraint and the possibility for the pension sponsor to contribute money to the pension plan. We analyze the joint problem of optimal investing and contribution decisions, when there is disutility associated with contributions. Interestingly, we find that the optimal portfolio decision often looks like a ``risky gambling" strategy where the pension sponsor increases the pension plan's allocation to risky assets in bad states. This is very different from the traditional prediction, where in economy downturns the pension sponsor should fully switch to the risk-free portfolio. Our solution method involves a separation of the pension sponsor's problem into a utility maximization problem and a disutility minimization one.
F-theory Duals of M-theory on G2 Manifolds from Mirror Symmetry
Creators: name: Belhaj, Adil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using mirror pairs (M_3, W_3) in type II superstring compactifications on Calabi-Yau threefolds, we study, geometrically, F-theory duals of M-theory on seven manifolds with G_2 holonomy. We first develop a way for getting Landau Ginzburg (LG) Calabi-Yau threefols W_3, embedded in four complex dimensional toric varieties, mirror to sigma model on toric Calabi-Yau threefolds M_3. This method gives directly the right dimension without introducing non dynamical variables. Then, using toric geometry tools, we discuss the duality between M-theory on (S^1 x M_3)/Z_2 with G_2 holonomy and F-theory on elliptically fibered Calabi-Yau fourfolds with SU(4) holonomy, containing W_3 mirror manifolds. Illustrating examples are presented.
description: 25 pages, latex. Section 2 is deleted; some clarifications and references added. Final version accepted in J. Phys.A: Math.Gen. (2003)
Three Essays on Asset Pricing
Creators: Chen, Bingxu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Finance

description: The first essay examines whether risk is explained based on cash flow (CF) or discount rate (DR). Realized returns comprise (ex-ante) expected returns plus (ex-post) innovations, and consequently both expected returns and returns innovations can be broken down into components reflecting fluctuations in CF and DR. I use a present-value model to identify the CF and DR risk factors which are latent from the time series and cross sections of price-dividend ratios.
      This setup accommodates models where CF risk dominates, like Bansal and Yaron (2004), and models where DR risk dominates, like Campbell and Cochrane (1999). I estimate the model on portfolios, which capture several of the most common cross-sectional anomalies, and decompose the expected and
      unexpected returns into CF and DR components along both time-series and cross-sectional dimensions. I find that (1) the DR risk is more likely to explain the variations of expected returns, (2) the CF risk drives the variations of unexpected returns, and (3) together they account for over 80% of the cross-sectional variance of the average stock returns.
      The second essay develops a liability driven investment framework that incorporates downside risk penalties for not meeting liabilities. The shortfall between the asset and liabilities can be valued as an option which swaps the value of the endogenously determined optimal portfolio for the value of the liabilities. The optimal portfolio selection exhibits endogenous risk aversion and as the funding ratio deviates from the fully funded case in both directions, effective risk aversion decreases. When funding is low, the manager "swings for the fences" to take on risk, betting on the chance that liabilities can be covered. Over-funded plans also can afford to take on more risk as liabilities are already
      well covered and so invest aggressively in risky securities.
      The third essay introduces a methodology to estimate the historical time series of returns to investment in private equity. The approach is quite general, requires only an unbalanced panel of cash contributions and distributions accruing to limited partners, and is robust to sparse data. We decompose private equity returns into a component due to traded factors and a time-varying
      private equity premium. We find strong cyclicality in the premium component that differs according to fund type. The time-series estimates allow us to directly test theories about private equity cyclicality, and we find evidence in favor of the Kaplan and Strmberg (2009) hypothesis that capital market segmentation helps to determine the private equity premium.
Star Wreck
Creators: name: Kusenko, Alexander
name: Shaposhnikov, Mikhail
name: Tinyakov, P. G.
name: Tkachev, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak models with low-energy supersymmetry breaking predict the existence of stable non-topological solitons, Q-balls, that can be produced in the early universe. The relic Q-balls can accumulate inside a neutron star and gradually absorb the baryons into the scalar condensate. This causes a slow reduction in the mass of the star. When the mass reaches a critical value, the neutron star becomes unstable and explodes. The cataclysmic destruction of the distant neutron stars may be the origin of the gamma-ray bursts.
description: 9 pages; references added
Additional file 1: of Automated image analysis of NSCLC biopsies to predict response to anti-PD-L1 therapy
Creators: name: Althammer, Sonja
name: Tze Tan
name: SpitzmĂźller, Andreas
name: Rognoni, Lorenz
name: Wiestler, Tobias
name: Herz, Thomas
name: Widmaier, Moritz
name: Rebelatto, Marlon
name: Kaplon, Helene
name: Damotte, Diane
name: Alifano, Marco
name: Hammond, Scott
name: Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
name: Koustubh Ranade
name: Guenter Schmidt
name: Higgs, Brandon
name: Steele, Keith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Hematology

description: Figure S1 Digital image analysis segments CD8+ and PD-L1+ cells in dual-labelled sections of NSCLC. Figure S2. Channel unmixing used to segment CD8+ and PD-L1+ cells in CD8/PD-L1 dual chromogenic immunohistochemistry assay. Figure S3. Optimization of cutoff values for CD8xPD-L1 signature, CD8+ cell density, and PD-L1+ cell density was performed on the training set of samples of durvalumab-treated patients. Figure S4. The predictive value of the CD8xPD-L1 signature compared to its individual components in training sample set. Figure S5. Predictive values of the individual components of the CD8xPD-L1 signature in the combined sample set. Figure S6. Analysis of OS for the CD8xPD-L1 signature and liver metastasis. (DOCX 990 kb)
Block-Orthogonal Brane Systems, Black Holes and Wormholes
Creators: name: Bronnikov, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multidimensional cosmological, static spherically symmetric and Euclidean configurations are described in a unified way for gravity interacting with several dilatonic fields and antisymmetric forms, associated with electric and magnetic p-branes. Exact solutions are obtained when certain vectors, built from the input parameters of the model, are either orthogonal in the minisuperspace, or form mutually orthogonal subsystems. Some properties of black-hole solutions are indicated, in particular, a no-hair-type theorem and restrictions emerging in models with multiple times. From the non-existence of Lorentzian wormholes, a universal restriction is obtained, applicable to orthogonal or block-orthogonal subsystems of any p-brane systems. Euclidean wormhole solutions are found, their actions and radii are explicitly calculated.
description: 8 pages, Latex. Minor errors corrected, proof of the existence of block-orthogonal solutions rewritten, 1 reference added
Efficient Hamiltonian Simulation for Solving Option Price Dynamics
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Conde, Javier
name: Rodríguez-Rozas, Ángel
name: Solano, Enrique
name: Sanz, Mikel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Pricing financial derivatives, in particular European-style options at different time-maturities and strikes, means a relevant problem in finance. The dynamics describing the price of vanilla options when constant volatilities and interest rates are assumed, is governed by the Black-Scholes model, a linear parabolic partial differential equation with terminal value given by the pay-off of the option contract and no additional boundary conditions. Here, we present a digital quantum algorithm to solve Black-Scholes equation on a quantum computer by mapping it to the Schrödinger equation. The non-Hermitian nature of the resulting Hamiltonian is solved by embedding its propagator into an enlarged Hilbert space by using only one additional ancillary qubit. Moreover, due to the choice of periodic boundary conditions, given by the definition of the discretized momentum operator, we duplicate the initial condition, which substantially improves the stability and performance of the protocol. The algorithm shows a feasible approach for using efficient Hamiltonian simulation techniques as Quantum Signal Processing to solve the price dynamics of financial derivatives on a digital quantum computer. Our approach differs from those based on Monte Carlo integration, exclusively focused on sampling the solution assuming the dynamics is known. We report expected accuracy levels comparable to classical numerical algorithms by using 9 qubits to simulate its dynamics on a fault-tolerant quantum computer, and an expected success probability of the post-selection procedure due to the embedding protocol above 60%.
Phase Diagram Of The Biham-Middleton-Levine Traffic Model In Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Chau, H. F.
name: Wan, K. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the behavior of the Biham-Middleton-Levine traffic model in three dimensions. Our extensive numerical simulations show that the phase diagram for this model in three dimensions is markedly different from that in one and two dimensions. In addition to the full speed moving as well as the completely jamming phases, whose respective average asymptotic car speeds $$ equal one and zero, we observe an extensive region of car densities $ρ$ with a low but non-zero average asymptotic car speed. The transition from this extensive low average asymptotic car speed region to the completely jamming region is at least second order. We argue that this low speed region is a result of the formation of a spatially-limited-extended percolating cluster. Thus, this low speed phase is present in $n > 3$ dimensional Biham-Middleton-Levine model as well.
description: Minor clarifications, 1 figure added
$SU(2)$-particle sigma model: Momentum-space quantization of a particle on the sphere $S^3$
Creators: name: Guerrero, Julio
name: López-Ruiz, Francisco F.
name: Aldaya, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the momentum-space quantization of a spin-less particle moving on the $SU(2)$ group manifold, that is, the three-dimensional sphere $S^{3}$, by using a non-canonical method entirely based on symmetry grounds. To achieve this task, non-standard (contact) symmetries are required as already shown in a previous article where the configuration-space quantization was given. The Hilbert space in the momentum space representation turns out to be made of a subset of (oscillatory) solutions of the Helmholtz equation in four dimensions. The most relevant result is the fact that both the scalar product and the generalized Fourier transform between configuration and momentum spaces deviate notably from the naively expected expressions, the former exhibiting now a non-trivial kernel, under a double integral, traced back to the non-trivial topology of the phase space, even though the momentum space as such is flat. In addition, momentum space itself appears directly as the carrier space of an irreducible representation of the symmetry group, and the Fourier transform as the unitary equivalence between two unitary irreducible representations.
description: 29 pages, 3 figures
Large deviation Local Limit Theorems and limits of biconditioned Trees and Maps
Creators: name: Kortchemski, Igor
name: Marzouk, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We first establish new local limit estimates for the probability that a nondecreasing integer-valued random walk lies at time $n$ at an arbitrary value, encompassing in particular large deviation regimes. This enables us to derive scaling limits of such random walks conditioned by their terminal value at time $n$ in various regimes. We believe both to be of independent interest. We then apply these results to obtain invariance principles for the Lukasiewicz path of Bienaymé-Galton-Watson trees conditioned on having a fixed number of leaves and of vertices at the same time, which constitutes a first step towards understanding their large scale geometry. We finally deduce from this scaling limit theorems for random bipartite planar maps under a new conditioning by fixing their number of vertices, edges, and faces at the same time. In the particular case of the uniform distribution, our results confirm a prediction of Fusy & Guitter on the growth of the typical distances and show furthermore that in all regimes, the scaling limit is the celebrated Brownian map.
description: Compared to V2 we only changed the presentation: several theorems have been merged and are now stated in a unified way; also the previous section on maps has been split into a section on trees and another one on maps only; last the former technical section 4 has moved to Appendix A
On the strong coupling region in quantum matrix string theory
Creators: name: Uehara, Shozo
name: Yamada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behavior of matrix string theory in the strong coupling region, where matrix strings reduce to discrete light-cone type IIA superstrings except at the usual string-interaction points. In the large N limit, this reduction corresponds to the double-dimensional reduction from wrapped supermembranes on R^{10} x S^1 to type IIA superstrings on R^{10} in the light-cone gauge. Such reductions were shown classically, while they are not obvious quantum mechanically. Recently, Sekino and Yoneya analyzed the double-dimensional reduction of the wrapped supermembrane quantum mechanically to one-loop order in the strong coupling expansion. We analyze the problem in matrix string theory by using the same expansion. At the one-loop level, the quantum corrections cancel out as was presented by them. However, at the two-loop level we find that the quantum corrections cancel out only for the leading terms in the large N.
description: 23 pages, 3 eps figures
Conservative difference schemes for one-dimensional flows of polytropic gas
Creators: name: Kozlov, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper considers one-dimensional flows of polytropic (calorically ideal) gas. These flows include three cases of gas dynamics: plain one-dimensional flows (one-dimensional space), radially symmetric flows in two-dimensional space and spherically symmetric flows in three-dimensional space. Starting with the difference schemes which have conservation laws of mass and energy (as well as conservation of momentum and the center of mass motion for the plain one-dimensional flows), we find difference schemes which also have additional conservation laws for the special values of the adiabatic exponent $γ= 1 + 1 /d $, where $d$ is the space dimension.
ZFOURGE: Extreme 5007$Å$ emission may be a common early-lifetime phase for star-forming galaxies at $z > 2.5$
Creators: name: Cohn, Jonathan H.
name: Leja, Joel
name: Tran, Kim-Vy H.
name: Forrest, Ben
name: Johnson, Benjamin D.
name: Tillman, Megan
name: Alcorn, Leo
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Glazebrook, Karl
name: Kacprzak, Glenn G.
name: Kelson, Daniel D.
name: Nanayakkara, Themiya
name: Papovich, Casey
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
name: Yuan, Tiantian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the \prospector\ spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code, we analyze the properties of 19 Extreme Emission Line Galaxies (EELGs) identified in the bluest composite SED in the \zfourge\ survey at $2.5 \leq z \leq 4$. \prospector\ includes a physical model for nebular emission and returns probability distributions for stellar mass, stellar metallicity, dust attenuation, and nonparametric star formation history (SFH). The EELGs show evidence for a starburst in the most recent 50 Myr, with the median EELG having a specific star formation rate (sSFR) of 4.6 Gyr$^{-1}$ and forming 15\% of its mass in this short time. For a sample of more typical star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at the same redshifts, the median SFG has a sSFR of 1.1 Gyr$^{-1}$ and forms only $4\%$ of its mass in the last 50 Myr. We find that virtually all of our EELGs have rising SFHs, while most of our SFGs do not. From our analysis, we hypothesize that many, if not most, star-forming galaxies at $z \geq 2.5$ undergo an extreme H$β$+$[\hbox{{\rm O}\kern 0.1em{\sc iii}}]$ emission line phase early in their lifetimes. In a companion paper, we obtain spectroscopic confirmation of the EELGs as part of our {\sc MOSEL} survey. In the future, explorations of uncertainties in modeling the UV slope for galaxies at $z>2$ are needed to better constrain their properties, e.g. stellar metallicities.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures (main figure is fig 5), accepted for publication in ApJ
Super-Macdonald polynomials: Orthogonality and Hilbert space interpretation
Creators: name: Atai, Farrokh
name: Hallnäs, Martin
name: Langmann, Edwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The super-Macdonald polynomials, introduced by Sergeev and Veselov, generalise the Macdonald polynomials to (arbitrary numbers of) two kinds of variables, and they are eigenfunctions of the deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators introduced by the same authors. We introduce a Hermitian form on the algebra spanned by the super-Macdonald polynomials, prove their orthogonality, compute their (quadratic) norms explicitly, and establish a corresponding Hilbert space interpretation of the super-Macdonald polynomials and deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators. This allows for a quantum mechanical interpretation of the models defined by the deformed Macdonald-Ruijsenaars operators. Motivated by recent results in the nonrelativistic ($q\to 1$) case, we propose that these models describe the particles and anti-particles of an underlying relativistic quantum field theory, thus providing a natural generalisation of the trigonometric Ruijsenaars model.
description: 30 pages
Yangian Symmetry in Integrable Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Korotkin, D.
name: Samtleben, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dimensional reduction of various gravity and supergravity models leads to effectively two-dimensional field theories described by gravity coupled G/H coset space sigma-models. The transition matrices of the associated linear system provide a complete set of conserved charges. Their Poisson algebra is a semi-classical Yangian double modified by a twist which is a remnant of the underlying coset structure. The classical Geroch group is generated by the Lie-Poisson action of these charges. Canonical quantization of the structure leads to a twisted Yangian double with fixed central extension at a critical level.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure, LaTeX2e
title: Braunschweigische Anzeigen : offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt. 48. Jahr 1792
Creators: name: :None
Publisher: name: Waisenhaus-Buchdruckerei
Year: 1792
Subjects: subject: Brunsvicensien der Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
subject: Braunschweigische Anzeigen
subject: 902

description: Braunschweigische Anzeigen: offizielles Regierungs- und Anzeigeblatt, vol. 48. 1792
Comparison of hydronic heating systems in multi‐residential apartment buildings
Creators: name: Keelan, Alan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Three Essays on Child Maltreatment Prevention
Creators: Pac, Jessica Erin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Social service
Public policy (Law)
Economics
Child abuse--Prevention
Economic assistance

description: This dissertation includes three papers that examine the role of antipoverty policies and programs in preventing child maltreatment. Paper one examines how access to Medicaid impacts child maltreatment as characterized by Child Protective Services (CPS) reports. Paper two considers how access to Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) programs affects child welfare involvement. Paper three assesses the relationship between temperature and CPS reporting, looking to air conditioning and state LIHEAP cooling policies as a potential source of mitigation.
Three Essays on Corporate Governance and Institutional Investors
Creators: Fos, Vyacheslav
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance

description: This dissertation analyzes the role of institutional investors in corporate governance. The first essay studies the effect of potential proxy contests on corporate policies. I find that when the likelihood of a proxy contest increases, companies exhibit increases in leverage, dividends, and CEO turnover. In addition, companies decrease R&D, capital expenditures, stock repurchases, and executive compensation. Following these changes, there is an improvement in profitability. The second essay investigates the optimal contract with an informed money manager. Motivated by simple structure of portfolio managers' compensation and complex risk structure of returns, I show that it may be optimal for the principal to stay unaware about the true risk structure of returns. The third essay analyzes the biases related to self-reporting in the hedge funds databases by matching the quarterly equity holdings of a complete list of 13F-filing hedge fund companies to the union of five major commercial databases of self-reporting hedge funds between 1980 and 2008.
Additional file 2: of Barriers and facilitators to the successful development, implementation and evaluation of care bundles in acute care in hospital: a scoping review
Creators: name: D. Gilhooly
name: S. Green
name: C. McCann
name: N. Black
name: S. Moonesinghe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Appendix 2A. Summary of included papers. Appendix 2B. Quality of included papers scoring (DOCX 312 kb)