cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Changes in best-corrected visual acuity in patients with dry age-related macular degeneration after stem cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Li, Licheng
name: Yu, Yang
name: Lin, Shu
name: Hu, Jianmin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. We searched the articles according to the results of Mesh words and Free words.
Double Shuffle Relations of Euler Sums
Creators: name: Zhao, Jianqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M41

description: In this paper we shall develop a theory of (extended) double shuffle relations of Euler sums which generalizes that of multiple zeta values (see Ihara, Kaneko and Zagier, \emph{Derivation and double shuffle relations for multiple zeta values}. Compos. Math. \textbf{142} (2)(2006), 307--338). After setting up the general framework we provide some numerical evidence for our two main conjectures. At the end we shall prove the following long standing conjecture: for every positive integer n $$ζ(\{3\}^n)=8^nζ(\{\ol2,1\}^n).$$ The main idea is to use the double shuffle relations and the distribution relation. This particular distribution relation doesn't follow from the double shuffle relation in general. But we believe it does follow from the extended double shuffle relations.
description: 15 page. Corrected some minor typos
Date of Experiment from An oil-absorbing resin with a simple polymerization system with benzyl methacrylate as a functional monomer
Creators: name: Zhou, Yanjia
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Liu, Yongqiang
name: Xu, Bo
name: Qiu, Haiyan
name: Che, Xiuli
name: lan, Guihong
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023

description: Data supporting this paper
Sustaining Research Software via Research Software Engineers and Professional Associations
Creators: name: Carver, Jeffrey C.
name: Cosden, Ian A.
name: Hill, Chris
name: Gesing, Sandra
name: Katz, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research software is a class of software developed to support research. Today a wealth of such software is created daily in universities, government, and commercial research enterprises worldwide. The sustainability of this software faces particular challenges due, at least in part, to the type of people who develop it. These Research Software Engineers (RSEs) face challenges in developing and sustaining software that differ from those faced by the developers of traditional software. As a result, professional associations have begun to provide support, advocacy, and resources for RSEs. These benefits are critical to sustaining RSEs, especially in environments where their contributions are often undervalued and not rewarded. This paper focuses on how professional associations, such as the United States Research Software Engineer Association (US-RSE), can provide this.
description: Extended abstract for 1st International Workshop on the Body of Knowledge for Software Sustainability (BoKSS'21)
Additional file 2 of Assessing the utility of virtual OSCE sessions as an educational tool: a national pilot study
Creators: name: Grover, Sarika
name: Pandya, Maharsh
name: Ranasinghe, Chavini
name: Ramji, Saajan P.
name: Bola, Harroop
name: Raj, Siddarth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
An early peak in the radio light curve of short-duration Gamma-Ray Burst 200826A
Creators: name: Rhodes, Lauren
name: Fender, Rob
name: Williams, David R. A.
name: Mooley, Kunal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of radio observations from the eMERLIN telescope combined with X-ray data from Swift for the short-duration Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 200826A, located at a redshift of 0.71. The radio light curve shows evidence of a sharp rise, a peak around 4-5 days post-burst, followed by a relatively steep decline. We provide two possible interpretations based on the time at which the light curve reached its peak. (1) If the light curve peaks earlier, the peak is produced by the synchrotron self-absorption frequency moving through the radio band, resulting from the forward shock propagating into a wind medium and (2) if the light curve peaks later, the turn over in the light curve is caused by a jet break. In the former case, we find a minimum equipartition energy of ~3x10^47 erg and bulk Lorentz factor of ~5, while in the latter case we estimate the jet opening angle of ~9-16 degrees. Due to the lack of data, it is impossible to determine which is the correct interpretation, however, due to its relative simplicity and consistency with other multi-wavelength observations which hint at the possibility that GRB 200826A is in fact a long GRB, we prefer scenario one over scenario two.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted to MNRAS
A "Trap-Release-Amplify" Model of Chorus Waves
Creators: name: Tao, Xin
name: Zonca, Fulvio
name: Chen, Liu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whistler mode chorus waves are quasi-coherent electromagnetic emissions with frequency chirping. Various models have been proposed to understand the chirping mechanism, which is a long-standing problem in space plasmas. Based on analysis of effective wave growth rate and electron phase space dynamics in a self-consistent particle simulation, we propose here a phenomenological model called the "Trap-Release-Amplify" (TaRA) model for chorus. In this model, phase space structures of correlated electrons are formed by nonlinear wave particle interactions, which mainly occur in the downstream. When released from the wave packet in the upstream, these electrons selectively amplify new emissions which satisfy the phase-locking condition to maximize wave power transfer, leading to frequency chirping. The phase-locking condition at the release point gives a frequency chirping rate that is fully consistent with the one by Helliwell in case of a nonuniform background magnetic field. The nonlinear wave particle interaction part of the TaRA model results in a chirping rate that is proportional to wave amplitude, a conclusion originally reached by Vomvoridis et al. Therefore, the TaRA model unifies two different results from seemingly unrelated studies. Furthermore, the TaRA model naturally explains fine structures of chorus waves, including subpackets and bandwidth, and their evolution through dynamics of phase-trapped electrons. Finally, we suggest that this model could be applied to explain other related phenomena, including frequency chirping of chorus in a uniform background magnetic field and of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere.
title: Sand mining deteriorates soil fertility and farming livelihoods around Accra, Ghana
Creators: name: Hemmler, Katharina Salomea
name: Asare, Kofi Yeboah
name: Tenkorang, Emmanuel Yamoah
name: Bürkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: KOBRA Universität Kassel
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ecology
subject: environmental sciences
subject: environmental social sciences
classificationCode: 630
subject: 630
classificationCode: Ghana
subject: Ghana
classificationCode: Ökologie
subject: Ökologie
classificationCode: Umweltwissenschaften
subject: Umweltwissenschaften
classificationCode: Verstädterung
subject: Verstädterung
classificationCode: Landwirtschaft
subject: Landwirtschaft
classificationCode: Bodenfruchtbarkeit
subject: Bodenfruchtbarkeit
classificationCode: Sandabbau
subject: Sandabbau

description:
Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa requires vast quantities of sand to meet infrastructural demands. In Accra, Ghana, sand mining occurs predominantly on farmlands at the city’s periphery. We selected three study communities to assess the effects of sand mining on agriculture using interviews with local farmers and soil analyses of mined and unmined fields. The results underscore the profound repercussions of sand mining on farmers, characterized by substantial agricultural land loss, the destruction of food crops, and the absence of compensation payments or land reclamation. The study further reveals a significant decline in soil fertility of mined fields compared to unmined fields as evidenced by reduced levels of carbon (C, by 6.3 g kg-1) and macronutrients (nitrogen (N, by 0.6 g kg-1), phosphorus (P, 12.7 mg kg-1), potassium (K, 77 mg kg-1) and magnesium (Mg, 88 mg kg-1)), and an increase in soil compaction (bulk density by 0.13 g cm-3 and penetration resistance by 0.11 MPa). Soil texture and pH were altered and sodium (Na, by 16 mg kg-1) and soil moisture (by 4%) increased. On a communal level, sand mining adversely affected water availability, road infrastructure, and the health of residents. The study fills research gaps on the effects of sand mining on agricultural productivity, soil fertility and livelihoods, emphasizing the urgent need for effective regulation, law enforcement and collaboration as well as compensation and land reclamation mechanisms to limit the adverse impacts of sand mining on ecosystem services. Further, the use of more sustainable building materials should be fostered to reduce the demand for sand in Ghana.
Additional file 3 of Assessing the utility of virtual OSCE sessions as an educational tool: a national pilot study
Creators: name: Grover, Sarika
name: Pandya, Maharsh
name: Ranasinghe, Chavini
name: Ramji, Saajan P.
name: Bola, Harroop
name: Raj, Siddarth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Helioseismic analysis of the solar flare-induced sunquake of 2005 January 15. II: A magneto-seismic study
Creators: name: Martinez-Oliveros, J. C.
name: Donea, A. -C.
name: Cally, P. S.
name: Moradi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 2005 January 15, the active region AR10720 produced an X1.2 solar flare that induced high levels of seismicity into the photospheric layers. The seismic source was detected using helioseismic holography and analysed in detail in Paper I. Egression power maps at 6 mHz with a 2 mHz bandwidth revealed a compact acoustic source strongly correlated with the footpoints of the coronal loop that hosted the flare. We present a magneto-seismic study of this active region in order to understand, for the first time, the magnetic topological structure of a coronal field that hosts an acoustically active solar flare. The accompanying analysis attempts to answer questions such as: Can the magnetic field act as a barrier and prevent seismic waves from spreading away from the focus of the sunquake? And, what is the most efficient magnetic structure that would facilitate the development of a strong seismic source in the photosphere?
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, accepted in MNRAS
Recognition of food-texture attributes using an in-ear microphone
Creators: name: Papapanagiotou, Vasileios
name: Diou, Christos
name: Boer, Janet van den
name: Mars, Monica
name: Delopoulos, Anastasios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Food texture is a complex property; various sensory attributes such as perceived crispiness and wetness have been identified as ways to quantify it. Objective and automatic recognition of these attributes has applications in multiple fields, including health sciences and food engineering. In this work we use an in-ear microphone, commonly used for chewing detection, and propose algorithms for recognizing three food-texture attributes, specifically crispiness, wetness (moisture), and chewiness. We use binary SVMs, one for each attribute, and propose two algorithms: one that recognizes each texture attribute at the chew level and one at the chewing-bout level. We evaluate the proposed algorithms using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation on a dataset with 9 subjects. We also evaluate them using leave-one-food-type-out cross-validation, in order to examine the generalization of our approach to new, unknown food types. Our approach performs very well in recognizing crispiness (0.95 weighted accuracy on new subjects and 0.93 on new food types) and demonstrates promising results for objective and automatic recognition of wetness and chewiness.
Direct cosmological simulations of the growth of black holes and galaxies
Creators: name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Colberg, Joerg
name: Springel, Volker
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Sijacki, Debora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the coupled formation and evolution of galaxies and their embedded supermassive black holes using state-of-the-art hydrodynamic simulations of cosmological structure formation. For the first time, we self-consistently follow the dark matter dynamics, radiative gas cooling, star formation, as well as black hole growth and associated feedback processes, starting directly from initial conditions appropriate for the LambdaCDM cosmology. Our modeling of the black hole physics is based on an approach we have developed in simulations of isolated galaxy mergers. Here we examine: (i) the predicted global history of black hole mass assembly (ii) the evolution of the local black hole-host mass correlations and (iii) the conditions that allow rapid growth of the first quasars, and the properties of their hosts and descendants today. We find a total black hole mass density in good agreement with observational estimates. The black hole accretion rate density peaks at lower redshift and evolves more strongly at high redshift than the star formation rate density, but the ratio of black hole to stellar mass densities shows only a moderate evolution at low redshifts. We find strong correlations between black hole masses and properties of the stellar systems, agreeing well with the measured local M_BH-sigma and M_BH -M_* relationships, but also suggesting (dependent on the mass range) a weak evolution with redshift in the normalization and the slope. Our simulations also produce massive black holes at high redshift, due to extended periods of exponential growth in regions that collapse early and exhibit strong gas inflows. These first supermassive BH systems however are not necessarily the most massive ones today, since they are often overtaken in growth by quasars that form later. (abridged)
description: 22 pages, 17 figures, submitted to ApJ
Orbital Evolution of Neutron-Star -- White-Dwarf Binaries by Roche-Lobe Overflow and Gravitational Wave Radiation
Creators: name: Yu, Shenghua
name: Lu, Youjun
name: Jeffery, C. Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of mass transfer and gravitational wave (GW) radiation on the orbital evolution of contact neutron-star-white-dwarf (NS-WD) binaries, and the detectability of these binaries by space GW detectors (e.g., Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, LISA; Taiji; Tianqin). A NS-WD binary becomes contact when the WD component fills its Roche lobe, at which the GW frequency ranges from ~0.0023 to 0.72 Hz for WD with masses ~0.05-1.4 Msun. We find that some high-mass NS-WD binaries may undergo direct coalescence after unstable mass transfer. However, the majority of NS-WD binaries can avoid direct coalescence because mass transfer after contact can lead to a reversal of the orbital evolution. Our model can well interpret the orbital evolution of the ultra-compact X-ray source 4U 1820--30. For a 4-year observation of 4U 1820--30, the expected signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) in GW characteristic strain is ~11.0/10.4/2.2 (LISA/Taiji/Tianqin). The evolution of GW frequencies of NS-WD binaries depends on the WD masses. NS-WD binaries with masses larger than 4U 1820--30 are expected to be detected with significantly larger SNRs. For a (1.4+0.5) Msun NS-WD binary close to contact, the expected SNR for a one week observation is ~27/40/28 (LISA/Taiji/Tianqin). For NS-WD binaries with masses of (1.4+>~1.1) Msun, the significant change of GW frequencies and amplitudes can be measured, and thus it is possible to determine the binary evolution stage. At distances up to the edge of the Galaxy (~100 kpc), high-mass NS-WD binaries will be still detectable with SNR>~1.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 11 figures, 16 pages
Enhanced Production of Delta(1230) and Sigma(1385) Resonances
Creators: name: Kuznetsova, Inga
name: Rafelski, Johann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yields of Delta(1230), Sigma(1385) resonances produced in heavy ion collisions are studied within the framework of a kinetic master equation. The time evolution is driven by the process Delta(1230) \leftrightarrow N π, Sigma(1385) \leftrightarrow Λπ. We obtain resonance yield both below and above chemical equilibrium, depending on initial hadronization condition and separation of kinetic and chemical freeze-out.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
Creators: name: Ramezankhani, Azra
name: Parizadeh, Donna
name: Azizi, Fereidoun
name: Hadaegh, Farzad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flowchart of sample selection for the study. Table S1. Baseline characteristics of respondents and non-respondents, Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (1999–2018). Table S2. Age adjusted HRs for incident stroke associated with risk factors, by sex. Table S3. Age adjusted HRs for incident ischemic stroke associated with risk factors. Table S4. Multivariable adjusted HRs for incident stroke associated with blood pressure categories. Table S5. Multivariable adjusted HRs for incident ischemic stroke associated with blood pressure categories. Table S6. Multivariable adjusted HRs for incident stroke associated with risk factors. Table S7. Multivariable adjusted HRs for incident ischemic stroke associated with risk factors.
Accretion induced merger leading to core collapse supernovae in old stellar populations
Creators: name: Braudo, Jessica
name: Bear, Ealeal
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a triple-star evolution that might lead to core collapse supernovae (CCSNe) in stellar populations that are too old to allow for single or binary evolution to form CCSNe, i.e., where the most massive stars that evolve off the main sequence have masses of ~4-5Mo. In the scenario we examine the most massive star in the triple system, of mass ~4-5Mo, transfers mass to an inner binary system at an orbital separation of ~100-1000Ro. The initial orbital separation of the inner binary is ~10-50Ro. The inner binary accretes most of the mass that the primary star loses and the two stars expand and their mutual orbit contracts until merger. The merger product is a main sequence star of mass ~8-10Mo that later experiences a CCSN explosion and leaves a NS remnant, bound or unbound to the white dwarf (WD) remnant of the primary star. We estimate the event rate of this WD-NS reverse evolution scenario to be a fraction of ~5e-5 of all CCSNe. We expect that in the coming decade sky surveys will detect 1-5 such events.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Spitzer IRS Observations of the Galactic Center: Shocked Gas in the Radio Arc Bubble
Creators: name: Simpson, Janet P.
name: Colgan, Sean W. J.
name: Cotera, Angela S.
name: Erickson, Edwin F.
name: Hollenbach, David J.
name: Kaufman, Michael J.
name: Rubin, Robert H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Spitzer IRS spectra (R ~600, 10 - 38 micron) of 38 positions in the Galactic Center (GC), all at the same Galactic longitude and spanning plus/minus 0.3 degrees in latitude. Our positions include the Arches Cluster, the Arched Filaments, regions near the Quintuplet Cluster, the ``Bubble'' lying along the same line-of-sight as the molecular cloud G0.11-0.11, and the diffuse interstellar gas along the line-of-sight at higher Galactic latitudes. From measurements of the [O IV], [Ne II], [Ne III], [Si II], [S III], [S IV], [Fe II], [Fe III], and H_2 S(0), S(1), and S(2) lines we determine the gas excitation and ionic abundance ratios. The Ne/H and S/H abundance ratios are ~ 1.6 times that of the Orion Nebula. The main source of excitation is photoionization, with the Arches Cluster ionizing the Arched Filaments and the Quintuplet Cluster ionizing the gas nearby and at lower Galactic latitudes including the far side of the Bubble. In addition, strong shocks ionize gas to O^{+3} and destroy dust grains, releasing iron into the gas phase (Fe/H ~ 1.3 times 10^{-6} in the Arched Filaments and Fe/H ~ 8.8 times 10^{-6} in the Bubble). The shock effects are particularly noticeable in the center of the Bubble, but O$^{+3}$ is present in all positions. We suggest that the shocks are due to the winds from the Quintuplet Cluster Wolf-Rayet stars. On the other hand, the H_2 line ratios can be explained with multi-component models of warm molecular gas in photodissociation regions without the need for H_2 production in shocks.
description: 51 pages, 17 figures To be published in the Astrophysical Journal
The Quantum Hall Transition in Real Space: From Localized to Extended States
Creators: name: Hashimoto, K.
name: Sohrmann, C.
name: Wiebe, J.
name: Inaoka, T.
name: Meier, F.
name: Hirayama, Y.
name: Roemer, R. A.
name: Wiesendanger, R.
name: Morgenstern, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy in ultra-high vacuum at low temperature (T = 0.3 K) and high magnetic fields (B < 12 T), we directly probe electronic wave functions across an integer quantum Hall transition. In accordance with theoretical predictions, we observe the evolution from localized drift states in the insulating phases to branched extended drift states at the quantum critical point. The observed microscopic behavior close to the extended state indicates points of localized quantum tunneling, which are considered to be decisive for a quantitative description of the transition.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, shortened content
Additional file 1: of Investigating spillover of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis from a prison: a spatial and molecular epidemiological analysis
Creators: name: Warren, Joshua
name: Grandjean, Louis
name: Moore, David
name: Lithgow, Anna
name: Coronel, Jorge
name: Sheen, Patricia
name: Zelner, Jonathan
name: Andrews, Jason
name: Cohen, Ted
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional tables and figures. Table S1. Model comparison results with smaller values of WAIC and Dk preferred. Table S2. Residual MDR-TB risk spatial cluster results. Figure S1. θ prior density (dashed line) and posterior histogram plots. Figure S2. λ prior density (dashed line) and posterior histogram plots. Figure S3. Posterior standard deviations for predictions presented in Fig. 2 of the main text. Figure S4. MDR-TB spillover risk predictions and uncertainty. Figure S5. Posterior standard deviations for predictions presented in Fig. 3 of the main text. (DOCX 393 kb)
Non-classical Godeaux Surfaces
Creators: name: Liedtke, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14J29; 14J10

description: A non-classical Godeaux surface is a minimal surface of general type with $χ=K^2=1$ but with $h^{01}\neq0$. We prove that such surfaces fulfill $h^{01}=1$ and they can exist only over fields of positive characteristic at most 5. Like non-classical Enriques surfaces they fall into two classes: the singular and the supersingular ones. We give a complete classification in characteristic 5 and compute their Hodge-, Hodge--Witt- and crystalline cohomology (including torsion). Finally, we give an example of a supersingular Godeaux surface in characteristic 5.
description: 13 pages, some minor mistakes corrected
MOESM1 of Implications of population-level immunity for the emergence of artemisinin-resistant malaria: a mathematical model
Creators: name: Scott, Nick
name: Ataide, Ricardo
name: Wilson, David
name: Hellard, Margaret
name: Price, Ric
name: Simpson, Julie
name: Fowkes, Freya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. Â Supplementary material.
Reducing Line-of-block Artifacts in Cardiac Activation Maps Estimated Using ECG Imaging: A Comparison of Source Models and Estimation Methods
Creators: name: Schuler, Steffen
name: Schaufelberger, Matthias
name: Bear, Laura R.
name: Bergquist, Jake A.
name: Cluitmans, Matthijs J. M.
name: Coll-Font, Jaume
name: Onak, Önder N.
name: Zenger, Brian
name: Loewe, Axel
name: MacLeod, Rob S.
name: Brooks, Dana H.
name: Dössel, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Objective: To investigate cardiac activation maps estimated using electrocardiographic imaging and to find methods reducing line-of-block (LoB) artifacts, while preserving real LoBs. Methods: Body surface potentials were computed for 137 simulated ventricular excitations. Subsequently, the inverse problem was solved to obtain extracellular potentials (EP) and transmembrane voltages (TMV). From these, activation times (AT) were estimated using four methods and compared to the ground truth. This process was evaluated with two cardiac mesh resolutions. Factors contributing to LoB artifacts were identified by analyzing the impact of spatial and temporal smoothing on the morphology of source signals. Results: AT estimation using a spatiotemporal derivative performed better than using a temporal derivative. Compared to deflection-based AT estimation, correlation-based methods were less prone to LoB artifacts but performed worse in identifying real LoBs. Temporal smoothing could eliminate artifacts for TMVs but not for EPs, which could be linked to their temporal morphology. TMVs led to more accurate ATs on the septum than EPs. Mesh resolution had a negligible effect on inverse reconstructions, but small distances were important for cross-correlation-based estimation of AT delays. Conclusion: LoB artifacts are mainly caused by the inherent spatial smoothing effect of the inverse reconstruction. Among the configurations evaluated, only deflection-based AT estimation in combination with TMVs and strong temporal smoothing can prevent LoB artifacts, while preserving real LoBs. Significance: Regions of slow conduction are of considerable clinical interest and LoB artifacts observed in non-invasive ATs can lead to misinterpretations. We addressed this problem by identifying factors causing such artifacts and methods to reduce them.
description: Accepted manuscript. Copyright (c) 2021 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See https://www.ieee.org/publications/rights/index.html for more information
Internal Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies: The Growth of Pseudobulges
Creators: name: Kormendy, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observational and theoretical evidence that internal, slow ("secular") evolution reshapes galaxy disks is reviewed in Kormendy & Kennicutt (2004, ARAA, 42, 603). This update has three aims. First, I emphasize that this evolution is very general -- it is as fundamental to the evolution of galaxy disks as (e.g.) core collapse is to globular clusters, as the production of hot Jupiters is to the evolution of protoplanetary disks, and as evolution to red giants containing proto-white-dwarfs is to stellar evolution. One consequence for disk galaxies is the buildup of dense central components that get mistaken for classical (i.e., merger-built) bulges but that were grown out of disk stars and gas. We call these pseudobulges. Second, I review new results on pseudobulge star formation and structure and on the distinction between boxy and disky pseudobulges. Finally, I highlight how these results make a galaxy formation problem more acute. How can hierarchical clustering produce so many pure disk galaxies with no evidence for merger-built bulges?
description: 6 pages, 7 Postscript figures; requires iaus.cls; to appear in Formation and Evolution of Galaxy Bulges, Proceedings IAU Symposium No. 245, 2007, M. Bureau et al. eds., in press
Deterministic Pilot Design and Channel Estimation for Downlink Massive MIMO-OTFS Systems in Presence of the Fractional Doppler
Creators: name: Shi, Ding
name: Wang, Wenjin
name: You, Li
name: Song, Xiaohang
name: Hong, Yi
name: Gao, Xiqi
name: Fettweis, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although the combination of the orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation and the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology can make communication systems perform better in high-mobility scenarios, there are still many challenges in downlink channel estimation owing to inaccurate modeling and high pilot overhead in practical systems. In this paper, we propose a channel state information (CSI) acquisition scheme for downlink massive MIMO-OTFS in presence of the fractional Doppler, including deterministic pilot design and channel estimation algorithm. First, we analyze the input-output relationship of the single-input single-output (SISO) OTFS based on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modem and extend it to massive MIMO-OTFS. Moreover, we formulate an accurate model for the practical system in which the fractional Doppler is considered and the influence of subpaths is revealed. A deterministic pilot design is then proposed based on the model and the structure of the pilot matrix to reduce pilot overhead and save memory consumption. Since channel geometry changes very slowly relative to the communication timescale, we put forward a modified sensing matrix based channel estimation (MSMCE) algorithm to acquire the downlink CSI. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed downlink CSI acquisition scheme has significant advantages over traditional algorithms.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Nigeria's Agricultural Economy in Brief
Creators: name: Skinner, Snider W.
name: Skinner, Snider W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1964
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Development
Land Economics/Use
Livestock Production/Industries

description: Excerpts from the report: While there is considerable subsistence farming (growing crops or livestock for one's own use), many thousands of Nigerian farmers produce yams, cassava, kola nuts, corn, sorghum, millet, and other crops which they sell to their neighbors or to markets in Nigeria. These markets are usually close by but are sometimes hundreds of miles from the farms which produce the crops. Many other farmers grow crops for overseas export. Cocoa, peanuts, palm kernels, palm oil, cotton, and rubber are the chief commercial crops. Nigeria is now the world's second largest producer of cocoa, ahead of Brazil, formerly in second place. Nigeria is the world's largest exporter (although not the leading producer) of peanuts. The country is also the world's largest exporter of palm kernels and first or second largest exporter of palm oil. Nigeria has become Africa's largest rubber producer, passing the former African leader, Liberia. Most of the country's numerous livestock is in Northern Nigeria, particularly north of the Niger and Benue Rivers. Livestock raising in the southern areas of the country is beset by the tsetse-fly problem.
Additional file 1 of Impact of the first national COVID-19 lockdown on referral of women experiencing domestic violence and abuse in England and Wales
Creators: name: Panovska-Griffiths, Jasmina
name: Szilassy, Eszter
name: Johnson, Medina
name: Dixon, Sharon
name: De Simoni, Anna
name: Wileman, Vari
name: Dowrick, Anna
name: Emsley, Elizabeth
name: Griffiths, Chris
name: Barbosa, Estela Capelas
name: Feder, Gene
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Details of the statistical analysis. Time-series of the number of referrals to DVA advisors in England and Wales and regression models used in the analysis.
Magnetic, charge, and transport properties of graphene nanoflakes
Creators: name: Protsenko, V. S.
name: Katanin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate magnetic, charge and transport properties of hexagonal graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) connected to two metallic leads by using the functional renormalization group (fRG) method. The interplay between the on-site and long-range interactions leads to a competition of semimetal (SM), spin density wave (SDW), and charge-density-wave (CDW) phases. The ground-state phase diagrams are presented for the GNF systems with screened realistic long-range electron interaction [T. O. Wehling, et. al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 236805 (2011)], as well as uniformly screened long-range Coulomb potential $\propto 1/r$. We demonstrate that the realistic screening of Coulomb interaction by $σ$ bands causes moderate (strong) enhancement of critical long-range interaction strength, needed for the SDW (CDW) instability, compared to the results for the uniformly screened Coulomb potential. This enhancement gives rise to a wide region of stability of the SM phase for realistic interaction, such that freely suspended GNFs are far from both SM-SDW and SM-CDW phase-transition boundaries and correspond to the SM phase. Close relation between the linear conductance and the magnetic or charge states of the systems is discussed. A comparison of the results with those of other studies on GNFs systems and infinite graphene sheet is presented.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
Ekeland variational principles for vector equilibrium problems
Creators: name: Bao, T. Q.
name: Gutiérrez, C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: This work concerns Ekeland variational principles for scalar and vector cyclically antimonotone bifunctions on complete metric spaces. The scalar results work for extended bifunctions and they are obtained by a generalized version of the Dancs–Hegedüs–Medvegyev's fixed point theorem. As a result, weaker lower-semicontinuity assumptions have been considered, that generalize the concept of strictly decreasingly lower-semicontinuous real-valued function. The vector results are derived from the previous ones by a scalarization approach and are based on new notions of cyclical antimonotonicity, lower boundedness and strictly decreasingly lower-semicontinuity for vector bifunctions. Several results in the literature are improved since they are stated by weaker assumptions.
Have We Learned to Explain?: How Interpretability Methods Can Learn to Encode Predictions in their Interpretations
Creators: name: Jethani, Neil
name: Sudarshan, Mukund
name: Aphinyanaphongs, Yindalon
name: Ranganath, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the need for interpretable machine learning has been established, many common approaches are slow, lack fidelity, or hard to evaluate. Amortized explanation methods reduce the cost of providing interpretations by learning a global selector model that returns feature importances for a single instance of data. The selector model is trained to optimize the fidelity of the interpretations, as evaluated by a predictor model for the target. Popular methods learn the selector and predictor model in concert, which we show allows predictions to be encoded within interpretations. We introduce EVAL-X as a method to quantitatively evaluate interpretations and REAL-X as an amortized explanation method, which learn a predictor model that approximates the true data generating distribution given any subset of the input. We show EVAL-X can detect when predictions are encoded in interpretations and show the advantages of REAL-X through quantitative and radiologist evaluation.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2021
Mach's relativity of rotation in light of contemporary physics
Creators: name: Hartman, Herbert I.
name: Nissim-Sabat, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mach argued for a relational rather than an absolute notion of space, insisting that centrifugal forces inside a rotating object such as a bucket can be reproduced by keeping the bucket fixed and rotating the universe. In response to a paper of ours denying the validity of Mach's views, Bhadra and Das elaborate on Mach's position. We address several of their arguments and show that Mach's relational notion of space is wrong-headed. Special and general relativity distinguish between a bucket (i.e. any system) rotating in a fixed universe and a bucket fixed in a rotating universe and between a non-rotating bucket in a non-rotating universe and a co-rotating bucket in a rotating universe, distinctions that go against Mach's relational theory of space. Even when taken on its own terms, Mach's theory can apply only to single point-like buckets rotating at infinitesimal angular velocities.
Numerical study of transverse position monitor and compensation for x-ray polarization diagnosis
Creators: name: Liu, Zipeng
name: Deng, Bangjie
name: Deng, Haixiao
name: Liu, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diagnosing free electron laser (FEL) polarization is critical for polarization-modulated research such as x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) diffraction imaging and probing material magnetism. In an electron time-of-flight (eTOF)\ polarimeter, the flight time and angular distribution of photoelectrons were designed based on x-ray polarimetry for on-site diagnosis. However, the transverse position of x-ray FEL pulses introduces error into the measured photoelectron angular distribution. This work thus proposes a method to monitor the transverse position using an eTOF polarimeter and explains how to compensate for the error due to transverse position. A comprehensive numerical model is developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the compensation method, and the results reveal that a spatial resolution of 20 \(μ\)m and a polarity improved by 0.5\% is possible with fully polarized FEL pulses. The impact of FEL\ pulses and a method to calibrate their linearity is also discussed.
description: x-ray fel, e-TOF, position monitor, polarization
The pseudogap in hole-doped cuprates: possible insights from the Kondo effect
Creators: name: Cooper, J. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "states-non-conserving" fermion density of states (DOS), deduced from the specific heat of hole-doped cuprates, could arise from a Kondo or heavy fermion-like DOS being suppressed by anti-ferromagnetic spin fluctuations. The large Fermi surface predicted by band theory and observed experimentally, is still expected for zero pseudogap, but with an effective mass corresponding to a Kondo temperature ~ 800 K. A finite pseudogap could divide it into Fermi arcs. Theoretical results for the asymmetric Anderson model can account for the experimental Wilson ratio.
description: 6 pages (including references) 2 figures, 9 supplementary figures
Beyond the Iron Peak: r- and s-process Elemental Abundances in Stars with Planets
Creators: name: Bond, J. C.
name: Lauretta, D. S.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Marcy, G. W.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Carter, B. D.
name: O'Toole, S. J.
name: Bailey, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present elemental abundances of 118 stars (28 of which are known extrasolar planetary host stars) observed as part of the Anglo-Australian Planet Search. Abundances of O, Mg, Cr, Y, Zr, Ba, Nd and Eu (along with previously published abundances for C and Si) are presented. This study is one of the first to specifically examine planetary host stars for the heavy elements produced by neutron capture reactions. We find that the host stars are chemically different to both the standard solar abundance and non-host stars in all elements studied, with enrichments over non-host stars ranging from 0.06 dex (for O) to 0.11 dex (for Cr and Y). Such abundance trends are in agreement with other previous studies of field stars and lead us to conclude that the chemical anomalies observed in planetary host stars are the result of normal galactic chemical evolution processes. Based on this observation, we conclude that the observed chemical traits of planetary host stars are primordial in origin, coming from the original nebula and not from a ``pollution'' process occurring during or after formation and that planet formation occurs naturally with the evolution of stellar material.
description: 34 pages, 4 figures, uses aastex.cls. Accepted to ApJ
Leveraging Public-Private Blockchain Interoperability for Closed Consortium Interfacing
Creators: name: Ghosh, Bishakh Chandra
name: Bhartia, Tanay
name: Addya, Sourav Kanti
name: Chakraborty, Sandip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the increasing adoption of private blockchain platforms, consortia operating in various sectors such as trade, finance, logistics, etc., are becoming common. Despite having the benefits of a completely decentralized architecture which supports transparency and distributed control, existing private blockchains limit the data, assets, and processes within its closed boundary, which restricts secure and verifiable service provisioning to the end-consumers. Thus, platforms such as e-commerce with multiple sellers or cloud federation with a collection of cloud service providers cannot be decentralized with the existing blockchain platforms. This paper proposes a decentralized gateway architecture interfacing private blockchain with end-users by leveraging the unique combination of public and private blockchain platforms through interoperation. Through the use case of decentralized cloud federations, we have demonstrated the viability of the solution. Our testbed implementation with Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric, with three service providers, shows that such consortium can operate within an acceptable response latency while scaling up to 64 parallel requests per second for cloud infrastructure provisioning. Further analysis over the Mininet emulation platform indicates that the platform can scale well with minimal impact over the latency as the number of participating service providers increases.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in IEEE INFOCOM 2021
Parametrically driven-dissipative three-level Dicke model
Creators: name: Skulte, Jim
name: Kongkhambut, Phatthamon
name: Keßler, Hans
name: Hemmerich, Andreas
name: Mathey, Ludwig
name: Cosme, Jayson G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the three-level Dicke model, which describes a fundamental class of light-matter systems. We determine the phase diagram in the presence of dissipation, which we assume to derive from photon loss. Utilizing both analytical and numerical methods we characterize the incommensurate time crystalline, light-induced, and light-enhanced superradiant states in the phase diagram for the parametrically driven system. As a primary application, we demonstrate that a shaken atom-cavity system is naturally approximated via a parametrically driven-dissipative three-level Dicke model.