cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Sino-American Intellectual Property Agreements: A Judicial Approach to Solving the Local Protectionism Problem
Creators: name: Li, Yiqiang
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: Intellectual property protection is a controversial topic in trade negotiations between the United States and China. In principle, China recognizes intellectual property rights (“IPR”) and offers extensive protection for owners through its comprehensive patent, trademark, and copyright laws. But spotty enforcement of these laws in practice has seriously undermined the interests of many foreign investors. Due to strong economic pressures exerted by the United States on China to strengthen its actions against infringing activities, the two countries entered into the 1995 Agreement Regarding Intellectual Property Rights (“1995 Agreement”), followed by an agreement embodied in an exchange of letters between the United States and the PRC in 1996 (“1996 Agreement”). The 1995 Agreement outlines four enforcement mechanisms. The most extensive one establishes an administrative network of provincial, regional, and local administrative agencies and the Intellectual Property Working Conference (“IPWC”), a special body created to assist their work. The main office of the IPWC functions as the central administrative authority primarily responsible for policy-making, while its regional offices formulate plans for actions against infringing operations that take place in more than one jurisdiction. The enforcement authority of each jurisdiction must handle factory raids, arrests, and subsequent prosecutions as requested. Each enforcement authority is comprised of regional branches of administrative agencies overseeing intellectual property protection, such as the Copyright Administration, the Administration for Industry and Commerce (“AIC”), the Patent Office, and the Public Security Bureau.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (1996)
Dynamics with a non-standard inertia-acceleration relation: an alternative to dark matter
Creators: name: Milgrom, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate particle laws of motion derived from nonstandard kinetic actions of a special form. We are guided by a phenomenological scheme--the modified dynamics (MOND)--that imputes the mass discrepancy observed in galactic systems to a departure from Newtonian dynamics below a certain acceleration scale a0. In the limit a0 goes to 0 the theory goes to Newtonian dynamics. In the opposite limit the action becomes proportional to 1/a0. Galilei-invariant such theories must be strongly non-local; this is a blessing, as such theories need not suffer from the illnesses that are endemic to higher-derivative theories. We discuss the possibility that such a modified law of motion is an effective theory resulting from the elimination of degrees of freedom pertaining to the universe at large (the near equality a0=cH0 being a trace of that connection). A virial relation for bounded trajectories is derived. Exact solutions are obtained for circular orbits, which pertain to rotation curves of disk galaxies. We also explore, in passing, theories that depart from the conventional Newtonian dynamics for very low frequencies. The present formulation contrasts, on important accounts, with earlier, modified-gravity formulations.
description: 36 pages, WIS-92/93/Nov-Ph
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0235r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0235r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0235r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
title: THE SYNTHESIS OF COMPOSITES WITH REINFORCING PARTICLES ON A THIN SUBSTRATE
Creators: name: Knyazeva, A.G.
name: Kryukova, O.N.
Publisher: name: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Year: 2021

description: The article proposes the model for synthesizing a composite coating "intermetallic matrix-reinforcing oxide inclusions" on a substrate under controlled heating by an external moving heat source. The problem is solved in dimensionless variables. The study reveals the main criteria determining the composition of the fabricated composite. It is discovered that, depending on the treatment conditions, the matrix composition may include the main total product or residual unspent reagents and intermediate products, which testifies the nonequilibrium composition of the composite.
Measurements of the Lifetime of Orthopositronium in the LAB-Based Liquid Scintillator of JUNO
Creators: name: Schwarz, Mario
name: Franke, Sabrina M.
name: Oberauer, Lothar
name: Plein, Miriam D.
name: Steiger, Hans Th. J.
name: Tippmann, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron antineutrinos are detected in organic liquid scintillator based neutrino experiments by means of the inverse beta decay, producing both a positron and a neutron. The positron may form a bound state together with an electron, called positronium (Ps). The longer-lived spin state of Ps, orthopositronium (o-Ps) has a lifetime of about $3\,\mathrm{ns}$ in organic liquid scintillators (LS). Its formation changes the time distribution of photon emission, which affects positron reconstruction algorithms and allows the application of pulse shape discrimination (PSD) to distinguish electron from positron events. In this work, we measured the lifetime $τ_2$ of o-Ps in the linear alkylbenzene (LAB) based LS of the JUNO (Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory) experiment including wavelength shifters, obtaining $τ_2 = 2.97\,\mathrm{ns} \pm 0.04\,\mathrm{ns}$. Due to systematics, which are not yet completely understood, we are not able to give a final result for the o-Ps formation probability $I_2$. We use a novel type of setup, which allows a better background suppression as compared to commonly used PALS (positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy) measurements.
An Act To amend the Law as to Imprisonment for Debt. Whereas, persons about to leave Vancouver Island and its Dependencies, are frequently arrested for debt for frivolous or vexatious reasons, and it is expedient that such a practice should be abolished; ...
Creators: name: (:Null)
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW AS TO IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. WHEREAS, PERSONS ABOUT TO LEAVE VANCOUVER ISLAND AND IT DEPENDENCIES ARE FREQUENTLY ARRESTED FOR DEBT FOR FRIVOLOUS OR VEXATIOUS REASON, AND IT IS EXPEDIENT THAT SUCH A PRACTICE SHOULD BE ABOLISHED: ... V. THIS ACT MAY BE CITED AS "AN ACT TO AMEND THE LAW AS TO IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT.
Strong CP-Problem in Superstring Theory
Creators: name: Suematsu, Daijiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the solution for the strong CP-problem in the 4-dimensional superstring theory recently proposed by Ib${\rm\acute{a}\tilde{n}}$ez and L${\rm\ddot{u}}$st to Calabi-Yau type models and study its phenomenological aspects. In Calabi-Yau type models there seem to be phenomenologically difficult problems in the axion decoupling from the neutral gauge currents and the compatibility between the proton stability and the cosmological bound on the axion. DFSZ type invisible axion mechanism which works without heavy extra colored fields may be more promising than KSVZ axion in the viewpoint of proton stability.
description: 11 pages, DPKU9205
The Effects of Interfacial Recombination and Injection Barrier on the Electrical Characteristics of Perovskite Solar Cells
Creators: name: Shi, Lin Xing
name: Wang, Zi Shuai
name: Huang, Zengguang
name: Sha, Wei E. I.
name: Wang, Haoran
name: Zhou, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charge carrier recombination in the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has a deep influence on the electrical performance, such as open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor and ultimately power conversion efficiency. The impacts of injection barrier, recombination channels, doping properties of carrier transport layers and light intensity on the performance of PSCs are theoretically investigated by drift-diffusion model in this work. The results indicate that due to the injection barrier at the interfaces of perovskite and carrier transport layer, the accumulated carriers modify the electric field distribution throughout the PSCs. Thus, a zero electric field is generated at a specific applied voltage, with greatly increases the interfacial recombination, resulting in a local kink of current density-voltage (J-V) curve. This work provides an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of PSCs by pertinently reducing both the injection barrier and interfacial recombination.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Inversion Potential Analysis of the Nuclear Dynamics in the Triton
Creators: name: Gibson, B. F.
name: Kohlhoff, H.
name: von Geramb, H. V.
name: Payne, G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 3H binding energy calculations using inversion potentials generated from phase shifts corresponding to contemporary nucleon-nucleon potentials as well as modern phase shift analyses. We place limits upon local potential triton binding energy calculations due to the underlying uncertainties in their fit to the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts: 7.7 +/- 0.2 MeV. We explore the role of the nonlocality of momentum dependent potentials in the triton binding energy. In particular, we find the additional binding energy in the case of the Bonn-B potential is due to a long range nonlocality, which may correspond to a three-nucleon force when the Hamiltonian is restricted to local interactions.
description: 10 pages REVTeX, 2 EPS pictures
Additional file 3 of Population genetic analysis of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (EBA-175) gene in Equatorial Guinea
Creators: name: Yang, Pei-Kui
name: Liang, Xue-Yan
name: Lin, Min
name: Chen, Jiang-Tao
name: Huang, Hui-Ying
name: Lin, Li-Yun
name: Ehapo, Carlos Salas
name: Eyi, Urbano Monsuy
name: Zheng, Yu-Zhong
name: Xie, Dong-De
name: He, Jin-Quan
name: Mo, Huan-Tong
name: Chen, Xin-Yao
name: Liu, Xiang-Zhi
name: Wu, Ying-E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Recombination events of global PfEBA-175 genes.
On nilpotent generators of the special linear Lie algebra
Creators: name: Chistopolskaya, Alisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B05, 17B22 (Primary) 15A04 (Secondary)

description: Consider the special linear Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_n(\mathbb {K})$ over an infinite field of characteristic different from $2$. We prove that for any nonzero nilpotent $X$ there exists a nilpotent $Y$ such that the matrices $X$ and $Y$ generate the Lie algebra $\mathfrak{sl}_n(\mathbb {K})$.
description: 6 pages
title: ADCO, Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503) (11 H 1173), f. 00082
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: comptes
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Grènetier de Cîteaux : comptes (1499-1503), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1173), f. 00082, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
The Cold Dark Matter Density Perturbation
Creators: name: Liddle, Andrew R
name: Lyth, David H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a review of the Cold Dark Matter model of structure formation, and its variants. The approach is largely from first principles, the main aim being to impart a basic understanding of the relevant theory with an eye to the likely intense activity of the next few years, but the current observational status of the model is also critically assessed. The evolution of adiabatic and isocurvature density perturbations is described, and their effect on the large scale cmb anisotropy calculated as well as that of any gravitational waves. The generation of all three types of perturbation during inflation is described, and the normalisation and spectral indices are calculated in terms of the inflationary potential and its first and second derivatives. The comparison of the theory with each type of observation is described, starting with the COBE data and moving down in scale to the non-linear regime. Constraints on the spectrum of the adiabatic density perturbation are exhibited, the spectrum being parametrised by its normalisation and its degree of tilt. Finally extensions of the CDM model are considered, which replace some of the cold dark matter by hot dark matter or a cosmological constant.
description: 117 pages. SUSSEX-AST 92/8-2; LANC-TH 8-2-92
Police Powers and Control in the People’s Republic of China: The History of Shoushen
Creators: name: Wong, Kam C.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: In 1961, the public security bureau of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”) adopted a measure called shourong shencha (“shoushen”), meaning “sheltering for examination,” to deal with the increasing flow of migrants throughout China.’ Shoushen was designed as a measure whereby the police could detain and investigate suspected criminals who had no known status or confirmed residence or suspected “itinerant criminals” (liucuan fan). In the 1960s, shoushen was used primarily as a means of population control. By the 1980s, it was being used to promote criminal justice and social control. More recently, shoushen has been used as a measure for collecting debts. Shoushen was never a legislatively sanctioned police power, being at all times since its inception purely an administrative measure. Shoushen was never officially adopted by the National People’s Congress (“NPC”) or by the NPC Standing Committee, but shoushen received favorable legal interpretations from the NPC. As originally conceived, shoushen had few procedural safeguards. Eventually, the State Council and the Ministry of Public Security issued a number of directives concerning the proper use of shoushen, including directives covering the jurisdictional scope, approval authority, time limits, and administration of the practice of shoushen. However, these directives were largely inconsistent, unclear, over-broad, and open-ended. The NPC Standing Committee, the State Council, the Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuracy, and the Ministry of Public Security all attempted to control the exercise of shoushen, but met with little success.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (1996)
Seoul Conference on International Trade Law: Integration, Harmonization, and Globalization
Creators: name: 1996, Conference
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: In July 1995, the Center for Korean Legal Studies at Columbia University School of Law and the American Studies Institute at Seoul National University, in conjunction with support from the Samsung Group, held a conference on issues of international trade law in Seoul, Korea, attended by academics and practitioners from the United States and Korea. The purpose of the Conference was to provide a scholarly forum for discussing some of the salient topics and problems from the perspective of the new world economic order which has risen out of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations and the launching of the World Trade Organization (hereinafter “WTO”). This piece presents slightly edited portions of the Conference discussions, including summaries of two papers presented at the Conference, all related to the issues of international trade law.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (1996)
Production of Eta-Mesons in Collisions of Nucleons and Delta-Resonances
Creators: name: Peters, W.
name: Mosel, U.
name: Engel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the cross section for the production of $η$-mesons via \mbox{$ΔN \to N N η$} in a relativistic One-Boson-Exchange-Model. Using this cross section we then determine the probability for the production of an $η$-meson by a $Δ$-resonance moving in nuclear matter. The result is compared to prescriptions in BUU-calculations in which \et-production proceeds both through a direct channel and through the sequential process $Δ\to N π; πN \to N η$.
description: revised version: large parts have been rewritten, there are two new figures. A discusion of effects of multi-body reactions of the intermediate pion on our results has been added
Effects of ethanol on the secondary structure specific hydration properties of Chymotrypsin Inhibitor 2 in its folded and unfolded forms
Creators: name: Dayanidhi Mohanta
name: Madhurima Jana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations were performed for the protein Chymotrypsin Inhibitor 2 in water–ethanol binary mixtures at several ethanol concentrations at two different temperatures to explore the differential role of ethanol on the hydration properties of the secondary structural segments of the protein. We find that, compared to the water structure around the secondary structure segments of the unfolded protein in pure water, water molecules preferred to be structured more in presence of ethanol. The structuration of ethanol is noticed to be higher around helix and sheet, as compared to that around the loop. The differential slow structural relaxations of the hydrogen bonds involving the secondary structural segments of protein in water–ethanol mixed solutions, as compared to that in pure water infer that ethanol alters the water properties in a remarkable manner. The slow relaxations of the hydrogen bonds formed between ethanol and the secondary structural segments of the protein, in general, suggests that ethanol interacts directly with the protein. However, the relatively faster relaxation of the ethanol-segment hydrogen bonds involving unfolded protein as compared to that involving the folded protein suggests that the unfolded protein surface can remain dynamically free to interact with water more.
Speech of His Honor the Officer Administering the Government at the Opening of the Legislative Council, on Thursday the 18th January, 1866. Honorable Gentlemen of the Legislative Council: It is with feelings of no ordinary interest and satisfaction that I meet you to-day, ...
Creators: name: British Columbia. Legislative Council
Publisher: name: New Westminster, B.C. : Government Printing Office
Year: 2018

description: [Birch, Arthur N.] SPEECH OF HIS HONOR THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT AT THE OPENING OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL, ON THURSDAY THE 18TH JANUARY, 1866. [New Westminster, 1866].

Birch, acting during Governor Seymour's absence in England, summarizes the state of the Colony, especially with regard to the interests of gold mining in the Cariboo. He suggests the repeal of the newly imposed duty on gold, but also suggests a more rigorous application of licensing for miners, especially so that the large Chinese population can be made to contribute to the Revenue in equal proportion to the white race. Rare; although reprinted in the Journals of the Legislative Council, this is the original printing.
Supersymmetry, Naturalness, and Dynamical Supersymmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Dine, M.
name: MacIntire, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models with dynamical supersymmetry breaking have the potential to solve many of the naturalness problems of hidden sector supergravity models. We review the argument that in a generic supergravity theory in which supersymmetry is {\it dynamically} broken in the hidden sector, only tiny Majorana masses for gauginos are generated. This situation is similar to that of theories with continuous R-symmetries, for which Hall and Randall have suggested that gluino masses could arise through mixings with an octet of chiral fields. We note that in hidden sector models, such mixing can only occur if the auxiliary D field of a $U(1)$ gauge field has an expectation value. This in turn gives rise to a catastrophically large Fayet-Iliopoulos term for ordinary hypercharge. To solve this problem it is necessary to unify hypercharge at least partially in a non-Abelian group. We consider, also, some general issues in models with continuous or discrete R symmetries, noting that it may be necessary to include $SU(2)$ triplet fields, and that these are subject to various constraints. In the course of these discussions, we consider a number of naturalness problems. We suggest that the so-called ``$μ$-problem" is not a problem, and point out that in models in which the axion decay constant is directly related to the SUSY breaking scale, squarks, sleptons and Higgs particles generically acquire huge masses.
description: 20pages, SCIPP 91/16
Null Geodesics in Perturbed Spacetimes
Creators: name: Pyne, Ted
name: Birkinshaw, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalization and refinement of the Sachs-Wolfe technique which unifies many of the approaches taken to date and clarifies both the physical and the mathematical character of the method. We illustrate the formalism with a calculation of the behavior of light passing a moving lens on a Minkowski background.
description: 24 pages
Anno Vicesimo Nono Victoria Regina. No. 1. An Ordinance in confirmation of certain Ordinances. [24th January, 1866.] Whereas it is expedient to confirm the Acts and Proceedings of the late Session of the Legislative Council of the Colony of British Columbia; Be it therefore enacted by the Governor of the said Colony, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows: ...
Creators: name: Birch, Arthur N.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: [Coat of arms] BRITISH COLUMBIA. ANNO VICESIMO NONO VICTORIA REGINA NO. 1. AN ORDINANCE IN CONFIRMATION OF CERTAIN ORDINANCES. [24TH JANUARY, 1866.]
Analysis of $π$d elastic scattering data to 500 MeV
Creators: name: Strakovsky, Richard A. Arndt Igor I.
name: Workman, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An energy-dependent and a set of single-energy partial-wave analyses of $π$d elastic scattering data have been completed. Amplitudes are presented for pion laboratory kinetic energies up to 500~MeV. These results are compared with those found in other recent analyses. We comment on the present database and make suggestions for future work. ( Figures are available from the authors upon request. )
description: 22 pages of text. VPI-CAPS-7/1
The Shanghai Exchange Scandal and Chinese Bonds Law
Creators: name: Xia, Timothy Tingkang
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: For the past sixteen years China’s economy has grown at an impressive rate. China has doubled its national wealth in just 16 years, 5 years ahead of its schedule. A profound, sustainable growth has been predicted for the coming 15 years. This enormous growth invites a rapid expansion of funding needs. China, in displaying its skill of adopting western concepts and adapting them to suit its own needs, has used its fledgling capital markets to infuse sorely needed capital into the economy. In order to tap the huge private savings of Chinese citizens, which totaled 3 trillion yuan at the end of 1995, the Chinese government began to issue Treasury bonds in 1981, which signaled the takeoff of China’s securities industry. In 1983, companies began to issue stocks in China. In August, 1986, the People’s Bank of China, Shenyang Branch, approved a pilot project for bonds trading. One month later, 5 million yuan of stocks in two collective enterprises were put on the market. The country’s first national stock exchange, the Shanghai Securities Exchange (hereinafter “SSE”), was opened on December 19, 1990. It was soon followed by the official establishment of the Shenzhen Stock Market (hereinafter the “SSM”), which opened its doors to investors on July 3, 1991. China went further in its effort to attract capital in December 1991, when it allowed the first “B shares” to be offered at the SSM to foreign investors. In January, 1992, Deng Xiaoping, the architect of the Chinese social and economic reform, called for bold experiments with the securities markets. China’s securities markets then experienced quite a bullish period from 1992 to 1994. The total value of stocks in the SSE and the SSM stood over 100 billion yuan in 1992. Average daily transactions in the Shanghai market alone reached a record of 1.5 billion yuan in early 1993, comparable to a slow day on the Hong Kong market.4 From 1981 to 1994, moreover, China had floated more than 310 billion yuan in bonds.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (1996)
Reparameterisation Invariance Constraints on Heavy Particle Effective Field Theories
Creators: name: Luke, Michael
name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since fields in the heavy quark effective theory are described by both a velocity and a residual momentum, there is redundancy in the theory: small shifts in velocity may be absorbed into a redefinition of the residual momentum. We demonstrate that this trivial reparameterisation invariance has non-trivial consequences: it relates coefficients of terms of different orders in the $1/m$ expansion and requires linear combinations of these operators to be multiplicatively renormalised. For example, the operator $-D^2/2m$ in the effective lagrangian has zero anomalous dimension, coefficient one, and does not receive any non-perturbative contributions from matching conditions. We also demonstrate that this invariance severely restricts the forms of operators which may appear in chiral lagrangians for heavy particles.
description: (14 pages, 0 figures), UCSD/PTH 92-15
Numerical Evolution of General Relativistic Voids
Creators: name: Vadas, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the evolution of a relativistic, superhorizon-sized void embedded in a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. We numerically solve the spherically symmetric general relativistic equations in comoving, synchronous coordinates. Initially, the fluid inside the void is taken to be homogeneous and nonexpanding. In a radiation- dominated universe, we find that radiation diffuses into the void at approximately the speed of light as a strong shock---the void collapses. We also find the surprising result that the cosmic collapse time (the $1^{\rm st}$-crossing time) is much smaller than previously thought, because it depends not only on the radius of the void, but also on the ratio of the temperature inside the void to that outside. If the ratio of the initial void radius to the outside Hubble radius is less than the ratio of the outside temperature to that inside, then the collapse occurs in less than the outside Hubble time. Thus, superhorizon-sized relativistic void may thermalize and homogenize relatively quickly. These new simulations revise the current picture of superhorizon-sized void evolution after first-order inflation.
description: 37 pages plus 12 figures (upon request-- vasha@fnas11.fnal.gov) LaTeX, FNAL-PUB-93/005-A
Limited Liability in China: A Partial Reading of China’s Company Law of 1994
Creators: name: Peng, Chuan Roger
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: Since China reopened its doors to the Western world in the late 1970’s, the country has seen tremendous economic growth, as well as problems associated with an ambitious, but ill-equipped, developing economy. To provide the necessary legal framework for sustained economic growth while still adhering to the traditional Confucian rule of neutrality, China has successfully carved out a route toward the so-called “socialism with Chinese characteristics,”‘ evidenced by numerous newly enacted local and national laws and regulations in the economic arena.2 The new Company Law, effective since July 1, 1994, is not only another example of innovative legislation, but also a further step toward identifying with Western market economies. This Note, by reviewing the concept of limited liability in Chinese corporate law and using the U.S. system as a reference, argues that although China has begun to embrace the concept of limited liability as a fundamental quality of the corporate form, its understanding and treatment of the concept still fall short of what it is accorded in Western market economies. Part I provides, as a background, the historical development of Chihia’s understanding of the relationship between the individual and the economic entity prior to the enactment of the Company Law in 1994. Part II examines the concept of limited liability under the Company Law using prevalent American views as a reference. Part III provides rationales for the differences between the Chinese and American understanding of limited liability and describes problems and possible solutions to the Chinese treatment of the issue.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (1996)
Axino Mass
Creators: name: Chun, E. J.
name: Kim, Jihn E.
name: Nilles, H. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass of the axino is computed in realistic supersymmetric extensions of the standard model. It is found to be strongly model dependent and can be as small as a few keV but also as large as the gravitino mass. Estimates of this mass can only be believed once a careful analysis of the scalar potential has been performed.
description: 11 pages
COHERENT Collaboration data release from the first observation of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: COHERENT Collaboration
name: Akimov, D.
name: Albert, J. B.
name: An, P.
name: Awe, C.
name: Barbeau, P. S.
name: Becker, B.
name: Belov, V.
name: Blackston, M. A.
name: Bolozdynya, A.
name: Brown, A.
name: Burenkov, A.
name: Cabrera-Palmer, B.
name: Cervantes, M.
name: Collar, J. I.
name: Cooper, R. J.
name: Cooper, R. L.
name: Cuesta, C.
name: Daughhetee, J.
name: Dean, D. J.
name: Coello, M. del Valle
name: Detwiler, J.
name: D'Onofrio, M.
name: Eberhardt, A.
name: Efremenko, Y.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Etenko, A.
name: Fabris, L.
name: Febbraro, M.
name: Fields, N.
name: Fox, W.
name: Fu, Z.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: Green, M. P.
name: Hai, M.
name: Heath, M. R.
name: Hedges, S.
name: Hornback, D.
name: Hossbach, T. W.
name: Iverson, E. B.
name: Kaemingk, M.
name: Kaufman, L. J.
name: Klein, S. R.
name: Khromov, A.
name: Ki, S.
name: Konovalov, A.
name: Kovalenko, A.
name: Kremer, M.
name: Kumpan, A.
name: Leadbetter, C.
name: Li, L.
name: Lu, W.
name: Mann, K.
name: Markoff, D. M.
name: Melikyan, Y.
name: Miller, K.
name: Moreno, H.
name: Mueller, P. E.
name: Naumov, P.
name: Newby, J.
name: Orrell, J. L.
name: Overman, C. T.
name: Parno, D. S.
name: Penttila, S.
name: Perumpilly, G.
name: Radford, D. C.
name: Rapp, R.
name: Ray, H.
name: Raybern, J.
name: Reyna, D.
name: Rich, G. C.
name: Rimal, D.
name: Rudik, D.
name: Salvat, D. J.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Scholz, B.
name: Sinev, G.
name: Snow, W. M.
name: Sosnovtsev, V.
name: Shakirov, A.
name: Suchyta, S.
name: Suh, B.
name: Tayloe, R.
name: Thornton, R. T.
name: Tolstukhin, I.
name: Vanderwerp, J.
name: Varner, R. L.
name: Virtue, C. J.
name: Wan, Z.
name: Yoo, J.
name: Yu, C. -H.
name: Zawada, A.
name: Zderic, A.
name: Zettlemoyer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This release includes data and information necessary to perform independent analyses of the COHERENT result presented in Akimov et al., arXiv:1708.01294 [nucl-ex]. Data is shared in a binned, text-based format, including both "signal" and "background" regions, so that counts and associated uncertainties can be quantitatively calculated for the purpose of separate analyses. This document describes the included information and its format, offering some guidance on use of the data. Accompanying code examples show basic interaction with the data using Python.
Drafting the Uniform Contract Law in China
Creators: name: Jiang, Ping
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: The conceptual foundation of the Uniform Contract Law (“UCL”) in China is different from that of the Uniform Contract Code (“UCC”) in the United States. The UCL is a substitute for the three contract laws governing different types of transactions. In contrast, the UCC is a model for the contract law of individual states. The official name of the UCL is the “Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China.” Here, I use the name UCL to distinguish it from the existing contract laws in China.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (1996)
Axion Miniclusters and Bose Stars
Creators: name: Kolb, Edward W.
name: Tkachev, Igor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of inhomogeneities in the axion field around the QCD epoch is studied numerically, including for the first time important non-linear effects. It is found that perturbations on scales corresponding to causally disconnected regions at $T \sim 1 \, {\rm GeV}$ can lead to very dense axion clumps, with present density $ρ_a \ga 10^{-8}\,{\rm g \, cm^{-3}}$. This is high enough for the collisional $2a \rightarrow 2a$ process to lead to Bose--Einstein relaxation in the gravitationally bound clumps of axions, forming Bose stars.
description: 12 pages plus 3 eps figures (available via e-mail: rocky@fnas01.fnal.gov), LaTeX, FERMILAB--PUB--93/066-A
Theoretical spin-wave dispersions in the antiferromagnetic phase AF1 of MnWO$_4$ based on the polar atomistic model in P2
Creators: name: Liu, B. -Q.
name: Park, S. -H.
name: Cermak, P.
name: Schneidewind, A.
name: Xiao, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin wave dispersions of the low temperature antiferromagnetic phase (AF1) MnWO$_4$ have been numerically calculated based on the recently reported non-collinear spin configuration with two different canting angles. A Heisenberg model with competing magnetic exchange couplings and single-ion anisotropy terms could properly describe the spin wave excitations, including the newly observed low-lying energy excitation mode $ω_2$=0.45 meV appearing at the magnetic zone centre. The spin wave dispersion and intensities are highly sensitive to two differently aligned spin-canting sublattices in the AF1 model. Thus this study reinsures the otherwise hardly provable hidden polar character in MnWO$_4$.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Anno Vicesimo Nono Victoria Regina. No. 3. An Ordinance to incorporate The Western Union Telegraph Company, in lieu of the Western Union Telegraph Extension Company. [31st January, 1866.] Whereas the Association of Persons engaged in the construction of Collins' Overland International Telegraph, have requested to be incorporated by Statute, under the more appropriate name of the Western Union Telegraph Company, in lieu of that ...
Creators: name: Birch, Arthur N.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: [Coat of arms] BRITISH COLUMBIA. ANNO VICESIMO NONO VICTORIA REGINA. NO. 3. AN ORDINANCE TO INCORPORATE THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH COMPANY, IN LIEU OF THE WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH EXTENSION COMPANY. [31ST JANUARY, 1866.]
Sozio-Hydrologie des Trans-Himalaya – Schmelzwasserverfügbarkeit und Bewässerungslandwirtschaft
Creators: name: Nüsser, Marcus
name: Dame, Juliane
name: Schmidt, Susanne
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Trans-Himalaya, Meltwater availability, irrigated agriculture, Socio-Hydrology, Himalaya-Meltwater

description: Im trockenen Hochgebirge des Trans-Himalaya wird die Bewässerungslandwirtschaft durch Schmelzwasser aus Gletschern, Schneedecken und Permafrost gespeist. Da sich der Schmelzwasserabfluss aus den einzelnen Komponenten der Kryosphäre im Zuge des Klimawandels hinsichtlich der Menge und saisonalen Variabilität verändert, sind in den Hochgebirgsregionen entsprechende Anpassungsmaßnahmen im Bereich der Landnutzung erforderlich. Mit dem integrativen Analyserahmen der Sozio-Hydrologie lassen sich sowohl die hydrologischen Prozesse in diesem Raum als auch die sozioökonomischen Entwicklungen und Veränderungen in der Landnutzung untersuchen. An zwei regionalen Fallbeispielen aus dem Trans-Himalaya in Indien und Nepal werden generelle Zusammenhänge und spezifische Aspekte aufgezeigt und mit aktuellen Satellitenbildern illustriert. Socio-Hydrology of the Trans-Himalaya – Meltwater availability and irrigated agriculture: Meltwater from glaciers, snow cover and permafrost are crucial for irrigated agriculture in the semi-arid mountain regions of the Trans-Himalaya. As quantity of meltwater runoff from the different cryosphere components is expected to decrease in the context of climate change, adaptation measures in land use systems are necessary in these high mountain regions. The integrated approach of socio-hydrology allows to analyze hydrological processes together with socio-economic developments and land use dynamics. Two regional case studies from the Trans-Himalaya in India and Nepal are presented to illustrate the general context and specific characteristics using recent satellite imagery
intervencion educativa sobre salud bucal en la escuela Bolivariana Los Magallanes. San Diego, Venezuela 2012.docx
Creators: name: Maylen Mendez
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: 111710 Health Counselling
subject: 111712 Health Promotion
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: 111716 Preventive Medicine
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care

description: intervención educativa sobre salud bucal en estudiantes de 4to grado de una escuela situada en el municipio de San Diago, estado Carabobo, Venezuela
Securities Laws in Korea and Regulations on Foreign Investment
Creators: name: Hong, In-Kie
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 1996

description: Since the early 1960s, South Korea has enjoyed several decades of rapid economic growth. At the initial stages of its economic development, Korea relied heavily on loans from overseas sources. Development of industry and a social infrastructure had been hindered by over 40 years of Japanese colonialism and further retarded by three years of civil war. Thus, Korea had to rely on overseas sources for the funding of its economic growth. In the late 1960s, however, the Korean government began to implement policies to develop a securities market for the purpose of raising more capital from domestic sources. As a result of continued efforts to cultivate the domestic securities market, approximately half of corporate financing is now achieved through securities such as stocks and bonds.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (1996)
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CATTLE PRODUCTION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON
Creators: name: Dos Santos, Marcos Antônio Souza
name: De Santana, Antônio Cordeiro
name: Homma, Alfredo Kingo Oyama
name: Bezerra, Andréia Santana
name: Júnior, José De Brito Lourenço
name: Dos Santos, Marcos Antônio Souza
name: De Santana, Antônio Cordeiro
name: Homma, Alfredo Kingo Oyama
name: Bezerra, Andréia Santana
name: Júnior, José De Brito Lourenço
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Amazon
subject: Cattle Farm
subject: Econometric Methods
subject: Cobb-Douglas
subject: Production Factors

description: The article estimates a production function for cattle raising developed in the municipalities of the Brazilian Amazon, aiming to identify the influence of production factors on cattle production value. Municipal data on the gross value of cattle production, pasture areas, labor employed in livestock production, value of livestock investments, and access to technical assistance services were used. The model was statistically significant, and the production factors explained 84.54% of the changes in cattle production value. Land and capital factors contributed the most to the determination of production value. On the other hand, labor contributed the least. Cattle production shows increasing returns to scale, indicating the possibility of reducing average production costs by intensifying the use of the available production factors
Anno Vicesimo Nono Victoria Regina. No. 2. An ordinance in aid of the Trustees' Relief Act. [31st January, 1866.] Whereas an Act of the Imperial Parliament was passed in the Session of Parliament, holden in the 10th and 11th years of the Reign of Her Present Majesty Queen Victoria, Chapter 96, ...
Creators: name: Birch, Arthur N.
Publisher: name: New Westminster, B.C. : Government Printing Office
Year: 2018

description: [Coat of arms] BRITISH COLUMBIA. ANNO VICESIMO NONO VICTORIA REGINA NO. 2. AN ORDINANCE IN AID OF THE TRUSTEES' RELIEF ACT. [31ST JANUARY, 1866.] Printed at the Government Printing Office, New Westminster.
Astrolabe: Curating, Linking and Computing Astronomy's Dark Data
Creators: name: Heidorn, P. Bryan
name: Stahlman, Gretchen R.
name: Steffen, Julie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Where appropriate repositories are not available to support all relevant astronomical data products, data can fall into darkness: unseen and unavailable for future reference and re-use. Some data in this category are legacy or old data, but newer datasets are also often uncurated and could remain "dark". This paper provides a description of the design motivation and development of Astrolabe, a cyberinfrastructure project that addresses a set of community recommendations for locating and ensuring the long-term curation of dark or otherwise at-risk data and integrated computing. This paper also describes the outcomes of the series of community workshops that informed creation of Astrolabe. According to participants in these workshops, much astronomical dark data currently exist that are not curated elsewhere, as well as software that can only be executed by a few individuals and therefore becomes unusable because of changes in computing platforms. Astronomical research questions and challenges would be better addressed with integrated data and computational resources that fall outside the scope of existing observatory and space mission projects. As a solution, the design of the Astrolabe system is aimed at developing new resources for management of astronomical data. The project is based in CyVerse cyberinfrastructure technology and is a collaboration between the University of Arizona and the American Astronomical Society. Overall the project aims to support open access to research data by leveraging existing cyberinfrastructure resources and promoting scientific discovery by making potentially-useful data in a computable format broadly available to the astronomical community.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 22 pages, 2 figures