Excavations at the Fence Site, AZ AA:16:97 (ASM), a Rillito Phase Farmstead in the Avra Valley, Pima County, Arizona
Creators: name: Lindeman, Michael W.
Publisher: name: Desert Archaeology, Inc.
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/335/arizona-state-territory
subject: Tucson Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2758/tucson-basin
subject: Pima (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/7353/pima-county
subject: Avra Valley
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76825/avra-valley
subject: Rillito Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5630/rillito-phase
subject: Middle Rincon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/7652/middle-rincon
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Huhugam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8166/huhugam
subject: The Fence site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/10862/the-fence-site
subject: AZ AA:16:97 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/104290/az-aa1697-asm
subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/301/funerary-and-burial-structures-or-features
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Refuse Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/356/refuse-pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Kiln
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/346/kiln
subject: Cremation pits
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/3578/cremation-pits
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Mineral
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/12/mineral
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Research Design / Data Recovery Plan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/9/research-design-data-recovery-plan
subject: Systematic Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/12/systematic-survey

description: The slopes of the Avra Valley, lacking perennial water sources, would seem an unlikely place for a large prehistoric community. Yet during the Hohokam Colonial period (ca. A.D. 750-950), a community sprang up along the western slopes of the Tucson Mountains. Centered on the ballcourt village of Water World, AZ AA:16:94 (ASM), numerous households thrived in the area, both in the primary village and in outlying farmsteads (Czaplicki and Ravesloot 1988, 1989a, 1989b, 1989c; Dart 1994; Downum et. al. 1986; Lindeman 2000b; Lindeman and Freeman 1996; Wocherl 2003).The Fence Site, AZ AA:16:97 (ASM), located a few hundred meters north of Water World, is one of the outlying farmsteads. Occupied for only a few generations during the Rillito phase (ca. A.D. 850-950), the occupants of the Fence Site lived, worked, played, died, and were buried in this unlikely location. Archaeological fieldwork was completed in accordance with an approved treatment plan (Herr and Lindeman 2010) for the Fence Site. The treatment plan prescribed archaeological data recovery in advance of a pipeline to be constructed by Tucson Water as part of the Southern Avra Valley Storage and Recovery Project (SAVSARP). The overall SAVSARP project will construct test basins, infiltration basins, extraction wells, roads, pipelines, and utility lines on approximately 4 square miles of land in the southern Avra Valley, Pima County, Arizona. The proposed pipeline that initiated the current project connects the SAVASARP parcel to an existing water pipeline running along San Joaquin Road. Fieldwork was initiated on 2 January 2011 and completed on 18 January 2011. Data Recovery was completed on both Federal and State lands, with the majority of features occurring on Reclamation property; a single feature was found on Arizona State Trust Land. Michael Lindeman served as project director and William Doelle as the principle investigator. Twelve archaeological features were identified, 1 pithouse, 6 secondary cremations, 4 extramural pits, and a trash concentration. All of the features were completely excavated with all of the fill completely screened.