cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ARBERT & MARBERT: Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Arabic
Creators: name: Abdul-Mageed, Muhammad
name: Elmadany, AbdelRahim
name: Nagoudi, El Moatez Billah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pre-trained language models (LMs) are currently integral to many natural language processing systems. Although multilingual LMs were also introduced to serve many languages, these have limitations such as being costly at inference time and the size and diversity of non-English data involved in their pre-training. We remedy these issues for a collection of diverse Arabic varieties by introducing two powerful deep bidirectional transformer-based models, ARBERT and MARBERT. To evaluate our models, we also introduce ARLUE, a new benchmark for multi-dialectal Arabic language understanding evaluation. ARLUE is built using 42 datasets targeting six different task clusters, allowing us to offer a series of standardized experiments under rich conditions. When fine-tuned on ARLUE, our models collectively achieve new state-of-the-art results across the majority of tasks (37 out of 48 classification tasks, on the 42 datasets). Our best model acquires the highest ARLUE score (77.40) across all six task clusters, outperforming all other models including XLM-R Large (~ 3.4 x larger size). Our models are publicly available at https://github.com/UBC-NLP/marbert and ARLUE will be released through the same repository.
description: All authors contributed equally. The order is alphabetical
Quantum toboggans
Creators: name: Znojil, Miloslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among all the PT-symmetric potentials defined on complex coordinate contours C(s), the name "quantum toboggan" is reserved for those whose C(s) winds around a singularity and lives on at least two different Riemann sheets. An enriched menu of prospective phenomenological models is then obtainable via the mere changes of variables. We pay thorough attention to the harmonic oscillator example with a fractional screening and emphasize the role of the existence and invariance of its quasi-exact states for different tobogganic C(s).
description: 17 pp., 7 figures
The classification of non-local chiral CFT with c<1
Creators: name: Kawahigashi, Y.
name: Longo, R.
name: Pennig, U.
name: Rehren, K. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R15, 81T05, 81T40

description: All non-local but relatively local irreducible extensions of Virasoro chiral CFTs with c<1 are classified. The classification, which is a prerequisite for the classification of local c<1 boundary CFTs on a two-dimensional half-space, turns out to be 1 to 1 with certain pairs of A-D-E graphs with distinguished vertices.
description: 13 pages. v3: additional material (concerning the Hilbert spaces) added
Single-objective selective-volume illumination microscopy enables high-contrast light-field imaging
Creators: name: Madaan, Sara
name: Keomanee-Dizon, Kevin
name: Jones, Matt
name: Zhong, Chenyang
name: Nadtochiy, Anna
name: Luu, Peter
name: Fraser, Scott E.
name: Truong, Thai V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The performance of light-field microscopy is improved by selectively illuminating the relevant subvolume of the specimen with a second objective lens [1-3]. Here we advance this approach to a single-objective geometry, using an oblique one-photon illumination path or two-photon illumination to accomplish selective-volume excitation. The elimination of the second orthogonally oriented objective to selectively excite the volume of interest simplifies specimen mounting; yet, this single-objective approach still reduces out-of-volume background, resulting in improvements in image contrast, effective resolution, and volume reconstruction quality. We validate our new approach through imaging live developing zebrafish, demonstrating the technology's ability to capture imaging data from large volumes synchronously with high contrast, while remaining compatible with standard microscope sample mounting.
description: Sara Madaan and Kevin Keomanee-Dizon contributed equally to this work; 4 pages, 3 figures; supplementary material included
Locality and stability of the cascades of two-dimensional turbulence
Creators: name: Gkioulekas, Eleftherios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate and clarify the notion of locality as it pertains to the cascades of two-dimensional turbulence. The mathematical framework underlying our analysis is the infinite system of balance equations that govern the generalized unfused structure functions, first introduced by L'vov and Procaccia. As a point of departure we use a revised version of the system of hypotheses that was proposed by Frisch for three-dimensional turbulence. We show that both the enstrophy cascade and the inverse energy cascade are local in the sense of non-perturbative statistical locality. We also investigate the stability conditions for both cascades. We have shown that statistical stability with respect to forcing applies unconditionally for the inverse energy cascade. For the enstrophy cascade, statistical stability requires large-scale dissipation and a vanishing downscale energy dissipation. A careful discussion of the subtle notion of locality is given at the end of the paper.
description: v2: 23 pages; 4 figures; minor revisions; resubmitted to Phys. Rev. E
Latent heat and pressure gap at the first-order deconfining phase transition of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory using the small flow-time expansion method
Creators: name: Shirogane, Mizuki
name: Ejiri, Shinji
name: Iwami, Ryo
name: Kanaya, Kazuyuki
name: Kitazawa, Masakiyo
name: Suzuki, Hiroshi
name: Taniguchi, Yusuke
name: Umeda, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study latent heat and the pressure gap between the hot and cold phases at the first-order deconfining phase transition temperature of the SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. Performing simulations on lattices with various spatial volumes and lattice spacings, we calculate the gaps of the energy density and pressure using the small flow-time expansion (SFtX) method. We find that the latent heat $Δε$ in the continuum limit is $Δε/T^4 = 1.117 \pm 0.040$ for the aspect ratio $N_s/N_t=8$ and $1.349 \pm 0.038$ for $N_s/N_t=6$ at the transition temperature $T=T_c$. We also confirm that the pressure gap is consistent with zero, as expected from the dynamical balance of two phases at $T_c$. From hysteresis curves of the energy density near $T_c$, we show that the energy density in the (metastable) deconfined phase is sensitive to the spatial volume, while that in the confined phase is insensitive. Furthermore, we examine the effect of alternative procedures in the SFtX method - the order of the continuum and the vanishing flow-time extrapolations, and also the renormalization scale and higher-order corrections in the matching coefficients. We confirm that the final results are all very consistent with each other for these alternatives.
description: 29 pages, 22 figures
Conserved Quantities in Noncommutative Principal Chiral Model with Wess-Zumino Term
Creators: name: Saleem, U.
name: Hassan, M.
name: Siddiq, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct noncommutative extension of U(N) principal chiral model with Wess-Zumino term and obtain an infinite set of local and non-local conserved quantities for the model using iterative procedure of Brezin {\it et.al} \cite{BIZZ}. We also present the equivalent description as Lax formalism of the model. We expand the fields perturbatively and derive zeroth- and first-order equations of motion, zero-curvature condition, iteration method, Lax formalism, local and non-local conserved quantities.
description: 14 Pages
Parametrization of the Fe-Owater cross-interaction for a more accurate Fe3O4/water interface model and its application to a spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticle of realistic size
Creators: name: Siani, Paulo
name: Bianchetti, Enrico
name: Liu, Hongsheng
name: Di Valentin, Cristiana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accurate description of iron oxides/water interfaces requires reliable force field parameters that can be developed through the comparison with sophisticated quantum mechanical calculations. Here a set of CLASS2 force field parameters is optimized to describe the Fe-Owater cross interaction through comparison with hybrid density functional theory (HSE06) calculations of the potential energy function for a single water molecule adsorbed on the Fe3O4 (001) surface and with density functional tight binding (DFTB+U) molecular dynamics simulations for a water tri-layer on the same surface. The performance of the new parameters is assessed through the analysis of the number density profile of a water bulk (12 nm) sandwiched between two magnetite slabs of large surface area. Their transferability is tested for the water adsorption on the curved surface of a spherical Fe3O4 nanoparticle of realistic size (2.5 nm).
Kraus, Georg: Gotteserkenntnis ohne Offenbarung und Glaube?
Creators: name: Schöpsdau, Walter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 36 Nr. 4 (1987): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 36, Heft 4
Dispersion Relations in Non-Linear Electrodynamics and the Kinematics of the Compton Effect in a Magnetic Background
Creators: name: Neves, M. J.
name: de Oliveira, Jorge B.
name: Ospedal, L. P. R.
name: Helayël-Neto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-linear electrodynamic models are re-assessed in this paper to pursue an investigation of the kinematics of the Compton effect in a magnetic background. Before considering specific models, we start off by presenting a general non-linear Lagrangian built up in terms of the most general Lorentz- and gauge-invariant combinations of the electric and magnetic fields. The extended Maxwell-like equations and the energy-momentum tensor conservation are presented and discussed in their generality. We next expand the fields around a uniform and time-independent electric and magnetic backgrounds up to second order in the propagating wave, and compute dispersion relations which account for the effect of the external fields. We obtain thereby the refraction index and the group velocity for the propagating radiation in different situations. In particular, we focus on the kinematics of the Compton effect in presence of external magnetic fields. This yields constraints that relate the derivatives of the general Lagrangian with respect to the field invariants and the magnetic background under consideration. We carry out our inspection by focusing on some specific non-linear electrodynamic effective models: Hoffmann-Infeld, Euler-Heisenberg, generalized Born-Infeld and Logarithmic.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted version in Physical Review D
Existence of an energy function for 3-dimensional chaotic "sink-source" cascades
Creators: name: Barinova, M.
name: Grines, V.
name: Pochinka, O.
name: Yu, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37D05

description: The paper is a continuation of research in the direction of energy function (a smooth Lyapunov function whose set of critical points coincides with the chain recurrent set of a system) construction for discrete dynamical systems. The authors established the existence of an energy function for any $ A $-diffeomorphism of a three-dimensional closed orientable manifold whose non-wandering set consists of chaotic one-dimensional attractor and repeller.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Study of cavitand-based de novo four-helix bundle proteins
Creators: name: Mezo, Adam Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The protein folding problem is studied by designing, synthesizing and characterizing the structures of de novo four-helix bundles. Each de novo protein (e.g., 27) consists of four designed peptides (e.g., 26) attached to a rigid cavitand macrocycle (e.g., 3) in order to overcome large entropic barriers to folding. We have named these hybrid de novo proteins "caviteins" as a result of their constituent parts (cavitand + protein). Firstly, a number of different cavitand macrocycles were synthesized bearing reactive thiol or benzylbromide moieties at the cavitand's "rim" position to allow for peptide attachment. In addition, cavitands bearing methyl or propyl-phosphates moieties at the "foot" position were synthesized in order to study the effect of the cavitand foot on cavitein structure. As a synthetic model for cavitein synthesis, A-activated phenylalanine ethyl ester derivatives were coupled to methyl-footed tetrathiol cavitand 3 in 34-76% yield. Interestingly, the hydrogen bonding characteristics of their amide NHs vary considerably: only the cavitand-phenylalanine hybrid bearing a single methylene linker displays significant hydrogen bonding. This behaviour is attributed to an NH hydrogen bond to a cavitand "bridge" oxygen and the nearby sulfur atom. The design of each cavitein consists of an JV-activated amphiphilic amino acid sequence (e.g., 26) and a cavitand macrocycle (e.g., 3) bearing sulfur moieties at its rims. The coupling of four activated peptides to each cavitand proceeded efficiently in varying yields (9-62%). Their structures are highly helical and stable towards guanidine hydrochloride in comparison to peptide 28, much a result of the cavitand template. We observe that the cavitand-peptide linker has a profound effect on the structure and oligomeric state of the cavitein. In general, we find that the glycine linker variants possess native-like structural characteristics while the methylene linker variants possess molten globule-like structural characteristics. We attribute the enhanced structural characteristics of the glycine variants to the effect of their added hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to the ends of each helix. The caviteins presented herein represent simple model systems that demonstrate the complexities and subtleties of forces involved in protein folding and allow for further study of the protein folding problem. [Figure.]
Beyond Equilibrium Temperature: How the Atmosphere/Interior Connection Affects the Onset of Methane, Ammonia, and Clouds in Warm Transiting Giant Planets
Creators: name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Visscher, Channon
name: Marley, Mark S.
name: Hood, Callie E.
name: Line, Michael R.
name: Thorngren, Daniel P.
name: Freedman, Richard S.
name: Lupu, Roxana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The atmospheric pressure-temperature profiles for transiting giant planets cross a range of chemical transitions. Here we show that the particular shape of these irradiated profiles for warm giant planets below 1300 K lead to striking differences in the behavior of non-equilibrium chemistry compared to brown dwarfs of similar temperatures. Our particular focus is H$_2$O, CO, CH$_4$, CO$_2$, and NH$_3$ in Jupiter- and Neptune-class planets. We show the cooling history of a planet, which depends most significantly on planetary mass and age, can have a dominant effect on abundances in the visible atmosphere, often swamping trends one might expect based on Teq alone. The onset of detectable CH$_4$ in spectra can be delayed to lower Teq for some planets compared to equilibrium, or pushed to higher Teq. The detectability of NH$_3$ is typically enhanced compared to equilibrium expectations, which is opposite to the brown dwarf case. We find that both CH$_4$ and NH$_3$ can become detectable at around the same Teq (at Teq values that vary with mass and metallicity) whereas these "onset" temperatures are widely spaced for brown dwarfs. We suggest observational strategies to search for atmospheric trends and stress that non-equilibrium chemistry and clouds can serve as probes of atmospheric physics. As examples of atmospheric complexity, we assess three Neptune-class planets GJ 436b, GJ 3470b, and WASP-107, all around Teq=700 K. Tidal heating due to eccentricity damping in all three planets heats the deep atmosphere by thousands of degrees, and may explain the absence of CH$_4$ in these cool atmospheres. Atmospheric abundances must be interpreted in the context of physical characteristics of the planet.
description: Accepted to AJ. No additional significant changes
Computational Model of Motion Sickness Describing the Effects of Learning Exogenous Motion Dynamics
Creators: name: Wada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The existing computational models used to estimate motion sickness are incapable of describing the fact that the predictability of motion patterns affects motion sickness. Therefore, the present study proposes a computational model to describe the effect of the predictability of dynamics or the pattern of motion stimuli on motion sickness. In the proposed model, a submodel, in which a recursive Gaussian process regression is used to represent human features of online learning and future prediction of motion dynamics, is combined with a conventional model of motion sickness based on an observer theory. A simulation experiment was conducted in which the proposed model predicted motion sickness caused by a 900 s horizontal movement. The movement was composed of a 9 m repetitive back-and-forth movement pattern with a pause. Regarding the motion condition, the direction and timing of the motion were varied as follows: a) Predictable motion (M_P): the direction of the motion and duration of the pause were set to 8 s; b) Motion with unpredicted direction (M_dU): the pause duration was fixed as in (P), but the motion direction was randomly determined; c) Motion with unpredicted timing (M_tU): the motion direction was fixed as in (M_P), but the pause duration was randomly selected from 4 to 12 s. The results obtained using the proposed model demonstrated that the predicted motion sickness incidence for (M_P) was smaller than those for (M_dU) and (M_tU). This tendency agrees with the sickness patterns observed in a previous experimental study in which the human participants were subject to motion conditions similar to those used in our simulations. Moreover, no significant differences were found in the predicted motion sickness incidences at different conditions when the conventional model was used.
description: Author manuscript, provisionally accepted for publication, in Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
Implications for New Physics from Fine-Tuning Arguments: II. Little Higgs Models
Creators: name: Casas, J. A.
name: Espinosa, J. R.
name: Hidalgo, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the fine-tuning associated to electroweak breaking in Little Higgs scenarios and find it to be always substantial and, generically, much higher than suggested by the rough estimates usually made. This is due to implicit tunings between parameters that can be overlooked at first glance but show up in a more systematic analysis. Focusing on four popular and representative Little Higgs scenarios, we find that the fine-tuning is essentially comparable to that of the Little Hierarchy problem of the Standard Model (which these scenarios attempt to solve) and higher than in supersymmetric models. This does not demonstrate that all Little Higgs models are fine-tuned, but stresses the need of a careful analysis of this issue in model-building before claiming that a particular model is not fine-tuned. In this respect we identify the main sources of potential fine-tuning that should be watched out for, in order to construct a successful Little Higgs model, which seems to be a non-trivial goal.
description: 39 pages, 26 ps figures, JHEP format
Dynamical friction in Bose-Einstein condensed self-interacting dark matter at finite temperatures, and the Fornax dwarf spheroidal
Creators: name: Hartman, S. T. H.
name: Winther, H. A.
name: Mota, D. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of the present work is to better understand the gravitational drag forces, i.e. dynamical friction, acting on massive objects moving through a self-interacting Bose-Einstein condensate, also known as a superfluid, at finite temperatures. This is relevant for light scalar models of dark matter with weak self-interactions that require nonzero temperatures, or that have been heated inside galaxies. We derived expressions for dynamical friction using linear perturbation theory, and compared these to numerical simulations in which nonlinear effects are included. After testing the linear result, it was applied to the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy, and two of its gravitationally bound globular clusters. Dwarf spheroidals are well-suited for indirectly probing properties of dark matter, and so by estimating the rate at which these globular clusters are expected to sink into their host halo due to dynamical friction, we inferred limits on the superfluid dark matter parameter space. The dynamical friction in a finite-temperature superfluid is found to behave very similarly to the zero-temperature limit, even when the thermal contributions are large. However, when a critical velocity for the superfluid flow is included, the friction force can transition from the zero-temperature value to the value in a conventional fluid. Increasing the mass of the perturbing object induces a similar transition to when lowering the critical velocity. When applied to two of Fornax's globular clusters, we find that the parameter space preferred in the literature for a zero-temperature superfluid yields decay times that are in agreement with observations. However, the present work suggests that increasing the temperature, which is expected to change the preferred parameter space, may lead to very small decay times, and therefore pose a problem for finite-temperature superfluid models of dark matter.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Stellar Winds and Embedded Star Formation in the Galactic Center Quintuplet and Arches Clusters: Multifrequency Radio Observations
Creators: name: Lang, Cornelia C.
name: Johnson, Kelsey E.
name: Goss, W. M.
name: Rodriguez, Luis F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-frequency, multi-configuration study has been made of the compact radio sources in the Galactic Center Quintuplet and Arches stellar clusters using the Very Large Array. Ten radio sources have been detected in the Quintuplet cluster. The majority of these radio sources have rising spectral indices and are positionally coincident with young massive stars that are known to have powerful stellar winds. We conclude that the three most compact of these sources are produced by stellar wind emission; thus, mass-loss rates can be derived and have an average value of 3 x 10^-5 solar masses/year. The remainder of the sources are likely to be a combination of stellar wind emission and free-free emission from surrounding ionized gas. In three cases, the radio sources have no stellar counterpart and the radio emission is thought to arise from compact or ultra-compact HII regions. If so, these sources would be the first detections of embedded massive stars to be discovered in the Galactic center clusters. The radio nebula associated with the Pistol star resembles the nebula surrounding the LBV star Eta Carina and may be related to the stellar wind of the Pistol star. Ten compact radio sources are detected in the Arches cluster and are interpreted to be stellar wind sources, consistent with previous findings. Several of the sources show moderate variability (10-30%) in their flux density, possibly related to a nonthermal component in the wind emission. A number of radio sources in both clusters have X-ray counterparts, which have been interpreted to be the shocked, colliding winds of massive binary systems.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures; Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
High intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity in monolayer MoSi$_2$N$_4$
Creators: name: Yu, Jihai
name: Zhou, Jian
name: Wan, Xiangang
name: Li, Qingfang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very recently, a novel two-dimension (2D) MXene, MoSi$_2$N$_4$, was successfully synthesized with excellent ambient stability, high carrier mobility, and moderate band gap (Science 369, 670, 2020). In this work, the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer MoSi$_2$N$_4$ is predicted by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation based on the first-principles calculations. Despite the heavy atomic mass of Mo and complex crystal structure, the monolayer MoSi$_2$N$_4$ unexpectedly exhibits a quite high lattice thermal conductivity over a wide temperature range between 300 to 800 K. At 300 K, its in-plane lattice thermal conductivity is 224 Wm$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$. The detailed analysis indicates that the large group velocities and small anharmonicity are the main reasons for its high lattice thermal conductivity. We also calculate the lattice thermal conductivity of monolayer WSi$_2$N$_4$, which is only a little smaller than that of MoSi$_2$N$_4$. Our findings suggest that monolayer MoSi$_2$N$_4$ and WSi$_2$N$_4$ are potential 2D materials for thermal transport in future nano-electronic devices.
title: Tuczno – przyszłość stracona wraz z rynkiem?
Creators: name: Gałązka, Jan
name: Zierke, Piotr
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2023

description: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura Wnętrz, 15, 33-63
Nonrelativistic near-BPS corners of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills with $SU(1,1)$ symmetry
Creators: name: Baiguera, Stefano
name: Harmark, Troels
name: Wintergerst, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider limits of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory that approach BPS bounds and for which an $SU(1,1)$ structure is preserved. The resulting near-BPS theories become non-relativistic, with a $U(1)$ symmetry emerging in the limit that implies the conservation of particle number. They are obtained by reducing $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM on a three-sphere and subsequently integrating out fields that become non-dynamical as the bounds are approached. Upon quantization, and taking into account normal-ordering, they are consistent with taking the appropriate limits of the dilatation operator directly, thereby corresponding to Spin Matrix theories, found previously in the literature. In the particular case of the $SU(1,1|1)$ near-BPS/Spin Matrix theory, we find a superfield formulation that applies to the full interacting theory. Moreover, for all the theories we find tantalizingly simple semi-local formulations as theories living on a circle. Finally, we find positive-definite expressions for the interactions in the classical limit for all the theories, which can be used to explore their strong coupling limits. This paper will have a companion paper in which we explore BPS bounds for which a $SU(2,1)$ structure is preserved.
description: 62 pages, 2 figures; v2: minor corrections
Study of Jet Shapes in Inclusive Jet Production in ppbar Collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: CDF Collaboration
name: Acosta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a study of jet shapes in inclusive jet production in $p \bar{p}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 1.96 {\rm TeV}$ using the upgraded Collider Detector at Fermilab in Run II (CDF II) based on an integrated luminosity of $170 \rm pb^{-1}$. Measurements are carried out on jets with rapidity $0.1 < |Y^{\rm jet}| < 0.7$ and transverse momentum 37 GeV/c $< P_T^{\rm jet} < 380$ GeV/c. The jets have been corrected to the hadron level. The measured jet shapes are compared to leading-order QCD parton-shower Monte Carlo predictions as implemented in the PYTHIA and HERWIG programs. PYTHIA, tuned to describe the underlying event as measured in CDF Run I, provides a better description of the measured jet shapes than does PYTHIA or HERWIG with their default parameters.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, Accepted by PRD
Cosmic ray dissociation of molecular hydrogen and dense cloud chemistry
Creators: name: Shaw, Gargi
name: Ferland, G. J.
name: Ploeckinger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dissociation of molecular hydrogen by secondary electrons produced by cosmic ray or X-ray ionization plays a crucial role in the chemistry of the densest part of molecular clouds. Here we study the effect of the mean kinetic energy of secondary electrons on this process. We compare predictions using a range of secondary electron energies and predictions of the cross-sections with the values in the UMIST database. We find that the predicted column densities change by nearly one dex.
description: corrected minor typo
On non commutative sinh-Gordon Equation
Creators: name: Saleem, U.
name: Siddiq, M.
name: Hassan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a noncommutative extension of sinh-Gordon equation. We generalize a linear system and Lax representation of the sinh-Gordon equation in noncommutative space. This generalization gives a noncommutative version of the sinh-Gordon equation with extra constraints, which can be expressed as global conserved currents.
description: 7 Pages
Fully superconducting Josephson bolometers for gigahertz astronomy
Creators: name: Paolucci, Federico
name: Ligato, Nadia
name: Germanese, Gaia
name: Buccheri, Vittorio
name: Giazotto, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin and the evolution of the universe are concealed in the evanescent diffuse extragalactic background radiation (DEBRA). To reveal these signals, the development of innovative ultra-sensitive bolometers operating in the gigahertz band is required. Here, we review the design and experimental realization of two bias-current-tunable sensors based on one dimensional fully superconducting Josephson junctions: the nanoscale transition edge sensor (nano-TES) and the Josephson escape sensor (JES). In particular, we cover the theoretical basis of the sensors operation, the device fabrication, their experimental electronic and thermal characterization, and the deduced detection performance. Indeed, the nano-TES promises a state-of-the-art noise equivalent power (NEP) of about $5 \times 10^{-20}$ W$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$, while the JES is expected to show an unprecedented NEP of the order of $10^{-25}$ W$/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. Therefore, the nano-TES and JES are strong candidates to push radio astronomy to the next level.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Guidelines for the Use of Protected/Permissive Left-Turn Phasing
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objective of this study was to develop guidelines that may be used to aid the traffic engineer in deciding whether protected/permissive (permissive) phasing is appropriate to use at a given location. An inventory identified 58 intersections in Kentucky where permissive phasing was used. Characteristics of these intersections were related to accident data to determine the effect permissive phasing has had on p.eft-turn and total accidents.  Left-turn accidents increased dramatically when permissive phasing replaced protected-only (exclusive) phasing and when it was used at approaches where the speed limit was over 45 mph. There were no substantial changes in left-turn and total accidents when permissive phasing was part of the original signal installation or was the first left-turn signal at an existing signal and where the speed limit was 45 mph or less.  When a left-turn signal is warranted, permissive phasing should be used because of the reduced delay compared to exclusive phasing, unless the intersection has certain characteristics for which permissive phasing would create an increased accident potential. A list of conditions that would preclude the use of permissive phasing is presented.
Structural and dynamic properties of soda-lime-silica in the liquid phase
Creators: name: Serva, Alessandra
name: Guerault, Allan
name: Ishii, Yoshiki
name: Gouillart, Emmanuelle
name: Burov, Ekaterina
name: Salanne, Mathieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soda-lime-silica is a glassy system of strong industrial interest. In order to characterize its liquid state properties, we performed molecular dynamics simulations employing an aspherical ion model that includes atomic polarization and deformation effects. They allowed to study the structure and diffusion properties of the system at temperatures ranging from 1400 to 3000 K. We show that Na$^+$ and Ca$^{2+}$ ions adopt a different structural organization within the silica network, with Ca$^{2+}$ ions having a greater affinity for non-bridging oxygens than Na$^+$. We further link this structural behavior to their different diffusivities, suggesting that escaping from the first oxygen coordination shell is the limiting step for the diffusion. Na$^+$ diffuses faster than Ca$^{2+}$ because it is bonded to a smaller number of non-bridging oxygens. The formed ionic bonds are also less strong in the case of Na$^+$.
description: 9 pages
1985 Safety Belt and Child Safety Seat Usage Rates in Kentucky and Evaluation of a Public Information Campaign
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Two objectives of the survey are summarized in this report. One was to establish 1985 safety belt and child safety seat usage rates in Kentucky and compare those to 1982, 1983, and 1984 rates. The other was to evaluate the effectiveness of public information campaigns as a means of increasing safety belt and safety seat usage rates.  Statewide usage rates in the 19 cities previously surveyed in 1982, 1983, and 1984 indicated that driver safety belt usage had increased to 9.2 percent in 1985 while the child safety seat and belt usage rate of 29.1 percent remained at the 1984 level. The increase in driver safety belt usage rates in cities having public information campaigns was higher than the increase in control cities, and the difference was statistically significant. While the increase in child safety seat and belt usage was slightly higher in target cities compared to control cities, the difference was not statistically significant.  While driver safety belt usage has been increasing in the past few years, usage has remained very low with a statewide rate under ten percent. The only method that may be expected to result in a dramatic increase in safety belt usage is enactment of a mandatory safety belt law. The slight decrease in the use of child safety seats and safety belts in 1985 shows the need to modify and strengthen Kentucky's current child restraint law.
Powerful winds in high-redshift obscured and red quasars
Creators: name: Vayner, Andrey
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Riffel, Rogemar A.
name: Alexandroff, Rachael
name: Cosens, Maren
name: Hamann, Fred
name: Perrotta, Serena
name: Rupke, David S. N.
name: Bergmann, Thaisa Storchi
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
name: Walth, Greg
name: Wright, Shelley
name: Wylezalek, Dominika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasar-driven outflows must have made their most significant impact on galaxy formation during the epoch when massive galaxies were forming most rapidly. To study the impact of quasar feedback we conducted rest-frame optical integral field spectrograph (IFS) observations of three extremely red quasars (ERQs) and one type-2 quasar at $z=2-3$, obtained with the NIFS and OSIRIS instruments at the Gemini North and W. M. Keck Observatory with the assistance of laser-guided adaptive optics. We use the kinematics and morphologies of the [OIII] 5007Åand H$α$ 6563Åemission lines redshifted into the near-infrared to gauge the extents, kinetic energies and momentum fluxes of the ionized outflows in the quasars host galaxies. For the ERQs, the galactic-scale outflows are likely driven by radiation pressure in a high column density environment or due to an adiabatic shock. For the type-2 quasar, the outflow is driven by radiation pressure in a low column density environment or due to a radiative shock. The outflows in the ERQs carry a significant amount of energy ranging from 0.05-5$\%$ of the quasar's bolometric luminosity, powerful enough to have a significant impact on the quasar host galaxies. However, the outflows are likely only impacting the inner few kpc of each host galaxy. The observed outflow sizes are generally smaller than other ionized outflows observed at high redshift. The high ratio between the momentum flux of the ionized outflow and the photon momentum flux from the quasar accretion disk and high nuclear obscuration makes these ERQs great candidates for transitional objects where the outflows are likely responsible for clearing material in the inner regions of each galaxy, unveiling the quasar accretion disk at optical wavelengths.
description: 18 Pages, 12 figures, 2 tabes, published in MNRAS
Cosmological and astrophysical parameters from the SDSS flux power spectrum and hydrodynamical simulations of the Lyman-alpha forest
Creators: name: Viel, Matteo
name: Haehnelt, Martin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) The flux power spectrum of the Lyman-alpha forest in quasar (QSO) absorption spectra is sensitive to a wide range of cosmological and astrophysical parameters and instrumental effects. Modelling the flux power spectrum in this large parameter space to an accuracy comparable to the statistical uncertainty of large samples of QSO spectra is very challenging. We use here a coarse grid of hydrodynamical simulations run with GADGET-2 to obtain a ``best guess'' model around which we calculate a finer grid of flux power spectra using a Taylor expansion of the flux power spectrum to first order. We find that the SDSS flux power spectrum alone is able to constrain a wide range of parameters including the amplitude of the matter power spectrum sigma_8, the matter density Omega_m, the spectral index of primordial density fluctuations n, the effective optical depth tau_eff and its evolution. The thermal history of the Intergalactic Medium (IGM) is, however, poorly constrained and the SDSS data favour either an unplausibly large temperature or an unplausibly steep temperature-density relation. By enforcing a thermal history of the IGM consistent with that inferred from high-resolution QSO spectra, we find the following values for the best fitting model (assuming a flat Universe with a cosmological constant and zero neutrino mass): Omega_ m=0.28 \pm 0.03, n=0.95\pm0.04, σ_8=0.91\pm0.07 (1σerror bars).We argue that the major uncertainties in this measurement are still systematic rather than statistical.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Minor changes to match the accepted version. MNRAS, in press
Leptoquark Single and Pair production at LHC with CalcHEP/CompHEP in the complete model
Creators: name: Belyaev, Alexander
name: Leroy, Claude
name: Mehdiyev, Rashid
name: Pukhov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study combined leptoquark (LQ) single and pair production at LHC at the level of detector simulation. A set of kinematical cuts has been worked out to maximize significance for combined signal events. It was shown that combination of signatures from LQ single and pair production not only significantly increases the LHC reach, but also allows us to give the correct signal interpretation. In particular, it was found that the LHC has potential to discover LQ with a mass up to 1.2 TeV and 1.5 TeV for the case of scalar and vector LQ, respectively, and LQ single production contributes 30-50% to the total signal rate for LQ-l-q coupling, taken equal to the electromagnetic coupling. This work is based on implementation of the most general form of scalar and vector LQ interactions with quarks and gluons into CalcHEP/CompHEP packages. This implementation, which authors made publicly available, was one the most important aspects of the study.
description: LaTeX, 27 pages, 15 figures
Klaus Gereon Beuckers und Hans-Edwin Friedrich (Hrsg.); Ferdinand Kriwet. Visuelle Poesie und ihre Medialität
Creators: name: Zell, Thekla
Publisher: name: Journal für Kunstgeschichte
Year: 2024

description: Rezension zu: Klaus Gereon Beuckers und Hans-Edwin Friedrich (Hrsg.); Ferdinand Kriwet. Visuelle Poesie und ihre Medialität (neoAVANTGARDEN 9, hrsg. von Hans-Edwin Friedrich und Sven Hanuschek); München: edition text + kritik im Richard Boorberg Verlag 2019; 265 S., farb. u s/w-Abb.; ISBN 978-3-86916-850-0
description: Journal für Kunstgeschichte, Bd. 24 Nr. 1 (2020): Journal für Kunstgeschichte
General Discounting versus Average Reward
Creators: name: Hutter, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Consider an agent interacting with an environment in cycles. In every interaction cycle the agent is rewarded for its performance. We compare the average reward U from cycle 1 to m (average value) with the future discounted reward V from cycle k to infinity (discounted value). We consider essentially arbitrary (non-geometric) discount sequences and arbitrary reward sequences (non-MDP environments). We show that asymptotically U for m->infinity and V for k->infinity are equal, provided both limits exist. Further, if the effective horizon grows linearly with k or faster, then existence of the limit of U implies that the limit of V exists. Conversely, if the effective horizon grows linearly with k or slower, then existence of the limit of V implies that the limit of U exists.
description: 17 pages, 1 table
How robustly can we constrain the low-mass end of the $z\sim6-7$ stellar mass function? -- The limits of lensing models and stellar population assumptions in the Hubble Frontier Fields
Creators: name: Furtak, Lukas J.
name: Atek, Hakim
name: Lehnert, Matthew D.
name: Chevallard, Jacopo
name: Charlot, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new measurements of the very low-mass end of the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) at $z\sim6-7$ computed from a rest-frame ultraviolet selected sample of dropout galaxies. These galaxies lie behind the six Hubble Frontier Fields clusters and are all gravitationally magnified. Using deep Spitzer/IRAC and Hubble Space Telescope imaging, we derive stellar masses by fitting galaxy spectral energy distributions and explore the impact of different model assumptions and parameter degeneracies on the resulting GSMF. Our sample probes stellar masses down to $M_{\star}>10^{6}\,\text{M}_{\odot}$ and we find the $z\sim6-7$ GSMF to be best parametrized by a modified Schechter function which allows for a turnover at very low masses. Using a Monte-Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the GSMF, including accurate treatment of lensing uncertainties, we obtain a relatively steep low-mass end slope $α\simeq-1.96_{-0.08}^{+0.09}$ and a turnover at $\log(M_T/\text{M}_{\odot})\simeq7.10_{-0.56}^{+0.17}$ with a curvature of $β\simeq1.00_{-0.73}^{+0.87}$ for our minimum assumption model with constant star-formation history (SFH) and low dust attenuation, $A_V\leq0.2$. We find that the $z\sim6-7$ GSMF, in particular its very low-mass end, is significantly affected by the assumed functional form of the star formation history and the degeneracy between stellar mass and dust attenuation. For example, the low-mass end slope ranges from $α\simeq-1.82_{-0.07}^{+0.08}$ for an exponentially rising SFH to $α\simeq-2.34_{-0.10}^{+0.11}$ when allowing $A_V$ of up to 3.25. Future observations at longer wavelengths and higher angular resolution with the James Webb Space Telescope are required to break these degeneracies and to robustly constrain the stellar mass of galaxies on the extreme low-mass end of the GSMF.
description: Updated references
Parity of the Pairing Bosons in a High-Temperature Superconductor
Creators: name: Borisenko, S. V.
name: Kordyuk, A. A.
name: Koitzsch, A.
name: Fink, J.
name: Geck, J.
name: Zabolotnyy, V.
name: Knupfer, M.
name: Buechner, B.
name: Berger, H.
name: Falub, M.
name: Shi, M.
name: Krempasky, J.
name: Patthey, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of a novel effect in the bilayer Pb-Bi2212 high-TC superconductor by means of angle-resolved photoemission with circularly polarized excitation. Different scattering rates, determined as a function of energy separately for the bonding and antibonding copper-oxygen bands, strongly imply that the dominating scattering channel is odd with respect to layer exchange within a bilayer. This is inconsistent with a phonon-mediated scattering and favours the participation of the odd collective spin excitations in the scattering mechanism in near-nodal regions of the k-space, suggesting a magnetic nature of the pairing mediator.
description: 5 RevTex pages, 4 eps figures