cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Topological Determinants of Perturbation Spreading in Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaozhu
name: Witthaut, Dirk
name: Timme, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spreading phenomena essentially underlie the dynamics of various natural and technological networked systems, yet how spatiotemporal propagation patterns emerge from such networks remains largely unknown. Here we propose a novel approach that reveals universal features determining the spreading dynamics in diffusively coupled networks and disentangles them from factors that are system specific. In particular, we first analytically identify a purely topological factor encoding the interaction structure and strength, and second, numerically estimate a master function characterizing the universal scaling of the perturbation arrival times across topologically different networks. The proposed approach thereby provides intuitive insights into complex propagation patterns as well as accurate predictions for the perturbation arrival times. The approach readily generalizes to a wide range of networked systems with diffusive couplings and may contribute to assess the risks of transient influences of ubiquitous perturbations in real-world systems.
Absolute Frequency Atlas from 915 nm to 985 nm based on Laser Absorption Spectroscopy of Iodine
Creators: name: Nölleke, Christian
name: Raab, Christoph
name: Neuhaus, Rudolf
name: Falke, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article reports on laser absorption spectroscopy of iodine gas between 915 nm and 985 nm. This wavelength range is scanned utilizing a narrow linewidth and mode-hop-free tunable diode-laser whose frequency is actively controlled using a calibrated wavelength meter. This allows us to provide an iodine atlas that contains almost 10,000 experimentally observed reference lines with an uncertainty of 50 MHz. For common lines, good agreement is found with a publication by Gerstenkorn et al. [S. Gerstenkorn, P. Luc, Atlas du spectre d'absorption de la molecule d'iode 14800-20000 cm$^{-1}$, Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1978]. The new rich dataset allows existing models of the iodine molecule to be refined and can serve as a reference for laser frequency calibration and stabilization.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, link to online data depository
Approximation Algorithms for Degree-Constrained Minimum-Cost Network-Design Problems
Creators: name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
name: Marathe, Madhav V.
name: S. S. Ravi
name: Rosenkrantz, Daniel J.
name: Hunt, Harry B.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1978
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study network-design problems with two different design objectives: the total cost of the edges and nodes in the network and the maximum degree of any node in the network. A prototypical example is the degree-constrained node-weighted Steiner tree problem: We are given an undirected graph G(V,E) , with a nonnegative integral function d that specifies an upper bound d(v) on the degree of each vertex v ∈ V in the Steiner tree to be constructed, nonnegative costs on the nodes, and a subset of k nodes called terminals. The goal is to construct a Steiner tree T containing all the terminals such that the degree of any node v in T is at most the specified upper bound d(v) and the total cost of the nodes in T is minimum. Our main result is a bicriteria approximation algorithm whose output is approximate in terms of both the degree and cost criteria—the degree of any node v ∈ V in the output Steiner tree is O(d(v) log k) and the cost of the tree is O(log k) times that of a minimum-cost Steiner tree that obeys the degree bound d(v) for each node v . Our result extends to the more general problem of constructing one-connected networks such as generalized Steiner forests. We also consider the special case in which the edge costs obey the triangle inequality and present simple approximation algorithms with better performance guarantees.
On Deusons or Deuteronlike Meson-Meson Bound States
Creators: name: Törnqvist, Nils A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The systematics of deuteronlike two-meson bound states, {\it deusons}, is discussed. Previous arguments that many of the present non-$q\bar q$ states are such states are elaborated including, in particular, the tensor potential. For pseudoscalar states the important observation is made that the centrifugal barrier from the P-wave can be overcome by the $1/r^2$ and $1/r^3$ terms of the tensor potential. In the heavy meson sector one-pion exchange alone is strong enough to form at least deuteron-like $B\bar B^*$ and $B^*\bar B^*$ composites bound by approximately 50 MeV, while $D\bar D^*$ and $D^*\bar D^*$ states are expected near the threshold.
description: Invited talk at the Hadron93 International Conf. on Hadron Spectroscopy, Como, Italy 22.-25.6. 1993. 5 pages in LATEX HU-SEFT R 1993-13b
The $n$ body matrix and its determinant
Creators: name: Grinberg, Darij
name: Olver, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 13F20, 15A15, 51K05, 70F10

description: The primary purpose of this note is to prove two recent conjectures concerning the $n$ body matrix that arose in recent papers of Escobar-Ruiz, Miller, and Turbiner on the classical and quantum $n$ body problem in $d$-dimensional space. First, whenever the positions of the masses are in a nonsingular configuration, meaning that they do not lie on an affine subspace of dimension $\leq n-2$, the $n$ body matrix is positive definite and, hence, defines a Riemannian metric on the space coordinatized by their interpoint distances. Second, its determinant can be factored into the product of the order $n$ Cayley--Menger determinant and a mass-dependent factor that is also of one sign on all nonsingular mass configurations. The factorization of the $n$ body determinant is shown to be a special case of an intriguing general result proving the factorization of determinants of a certain form.
description: 23 pages. v4 makes minor changes
Distributed interpolatory algorithms for set membership estimation
Creators: name: Farina, Francesco
name: Garulli, Andrea
name: Giannitrapani, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work addresses the distributed estimation problem in a set membership framework. The agents of a network collect measurements which are affected by bounded errors, thus implying that the unknown parameters to be estimated belong to a suitable feasible set. Two distributed algorithms are considered, based on projections of the estimate of each agent onto its local feasible set. The main contribution of the paper is to show that such algorithms are asymptotic interpolatory estimators, i.e. they converge to an element of the global feasible set, under the assumption that the feasible set associated to each measurement is convex. The proposed techniques are demonstrated on a distributed linear regression estimation problem.
UniSparse: An Intermediate Language for General Sparse Format Customization
Creators: name: Liu, Jie
name: Zhao, Zhongyuan
name: Ding, Zijian
name: Brock, Benjamin
name: Rong, Hongbo
name: Zhang, Zhiru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ongoing trend of hardware specialization has led to a growing use of custom data formats when processing sparse workloads, which are typically memory-bound. These formats facilitate optimized software/hardware implementations by utilizing sparsity pattern- or target-aware data structures and layouts to enhance memory access latency and bandwidth utilization. However, existing sparse tensor programming models and compilers offer little or no support for productively customizing the sparse formats. Additionally, because these frameworks represent formats using a limited set of per-dimension attributes, they lack the flexibility to accommodate numerous new variations of custom sparse data structures and layouts. To overcome this deficiency, we propose UniSparse, an intermediate language that provides a unified abstraction for representing and customizing sparse formats. Unlike the existing attribute-based frameworks, UniSparse decouples the logical representation of the sparse tensor (i.e., the data structure) from its low-level memory layout, enabling the customization of both. As a result, a rich set of format customizations can be succinctly expressed in a small set of well-defined query, mutation, and layout primitives. We also develop a compiler leveraging the MLIR infrastructure, which supports adaptive customization of formats, and automatic code generation of format conversion and compute operations for heterogeneous architectures. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach through experiments running commonly-used sparse linear algebra operations with specialized formats on multiple different hardware targets, including an Intel CPU, an NVIDIA GPU, an AMD Xilinx FPGA, and a simulated processing-in-memory (PIM) device.
description: to be published in OOPSLA'24
A utilização da tecnologia na formação contínua dos enfermeiros: protocolo de uma scoping review
Creators: name: Da Cunha, Daniel Madureira
name: Da Silva, Carina Isabel Fernandes
name: Machado, Paulo Puga
name: Padilha, José Miguel
name: Marques, Ana Jorge Santos
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Os modelos de aprendizagem ao longo da vida têm aliado a tecnologia, recorrendo a inúmeras estratégias e metodologias, tornando a atualização de saberes e o desenvolvimento de competências mais acessível, aumentando a satisfação e motivação dos indivíduos que a experienciam. Assim é crucial mapear e analisar a evidência científica acerca da utilização da tecnologia na formação contínua dos enfermeiros, em contexto hospitalar.
title: A Look Inside the Box: Combining Aggregate and Marginal Distributions to Identify Joint Distributions
Creators: name: Felt, Marie-Helene
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: This paper proposes a method for estimating the joint distribution of two or more variables when only their marginal distributions and the distribution of their aggregates are observed. Nonparametric identification is achieved by modelling dependence using a latent common-factor structure. Multiple examples are given of data settings where multivariate samples from the joint distribution of interest are not readily available, but some aggregate measures are observed. In the application, intra-household distributions are recovered by combining individual-level and household-level survey data. I show that, for individuals living in couple relationships, personal cash-management practices are significantly influenced by the partner's use of cash and stored-value cards. This finding implies that, for some methods of payment at least, ignoring the partner's impact might lead to spurious regression results due to an omitted variable bias.
description: Le présent document propose une méthode d’estimation de la distribution conjointe de deux variables ou plus lorsque seules leur distribution marginale et la distribution de leur agrégat sont observées. L’identification non paramétrique se fait par la modélisation de la dépendance au moyen d’une structure de facteurs communs latents. De nombreux exemples de contextes empiriques sont fournis, dans lesquels des échantillons multivariés de la distribution conjointe qui nous intéresse ne sont pas facilement accessibles, mais certaines mesures agrégées sont observées. Dans l’application, les distributions intra-ménages sont obtenues en combinant des données d’enquêtes individuelles et d’autres se rapportant au ménage en entier. Je démontre que dans le cas des personnes qui vivent en couple, les pratiques de gestion des liquidités personnelles sont grandement influencées par l’utilisation que fait le conjoint de l’argent comptant et des cartes prépayées. Cette constatation porte à croire que, pour certains modes de paiement du moins, le fait d’ignorer l’influence du conjoint peut entraîner des résultats de régression erronés en raison de l’omission de variables pertinentes.
Single Production of Doubly Charged Higgsinos at linear e-e- colliders
Creators: name: Frank, Mariana
name: Huitu, Katri
name: Rai, Santosh Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several extended supersymmetric models, motivated by either grand unification, or by neutrino mass generation, predict light doubly charged higgsinos. We study the production of a single doubly charged higgsino and its decay channels at the International Linear Collider (ILC) operating in the e-e- mode. We analyze the production cross section for e-e- --> tilde{Delta}^{--}_{L,R} chi^0_1 as a function of different kinematic variables, followed by the decay, through several channels, of the doubly charged higgsino into a final state of two leptons plus missing energy. We include the standard model background and discuss how kinematic cuts could be used effectively to limit this background. Single production of these exotics could provide a spectacular signal for a new underlying symmetry and for physics beyond the minimal supersymmetric standard model.
description: Typos corrected, Journal Version
Modelling collective motion based on the principle of agency
Creators: name: Ried, Katja
name: Müller, Thomas
name: Briegel, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Collective motion is an intriguing phenomenon, especially considering that it arises from a set of simple rules governing local interactions between individuals. In theoretical models, these rules are normally \emph{assumed} to take a particular form, possibly constrained by heuristic arguments. We propose a new class of models, which describe the individuals as \emph{agents}, capable of deciding for themselves how to act and learning from their experiences. The local interaction rules do not need to be postulated in this model, since they \emph{emerge} from the learning process. We apply this ansatz to a concrete scenario involving marching locusts, in order to model the phenomenon of density-dependent alignment. We show that our learning agent-based model can account for a Fokker-Planck equation that describes the collective motion and, most notably, that the agents can learn the appropriate local interactions, requiring no strong previous assumptions on their form. These results suggest that learning agent-based models are a powerful tool for studying a broader class of problems involving collective motion and animal agency in general.
description: 13 pages plus 6 page appendix, 6 figures
Integrability, stability, and adiabaticity in nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage
Creators: name: Itin, A. P.
name: Watanabe, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamics of a two-color photoassociation of atoms into diatomic molecules via nonlinear Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) process. This system has a famous counterpart in (linear) quantum mechanics, and been discussed recently in the context of generalizing quantum adiabatic theorem to nonlinear systems. Here we use another approach to study adiabaticity and stability in the system: we apply methods of classical Hamiltonian dynamics. We found nonlinear dynamical instabilities, cases of complete integrability, and improved conditions of adiabaticity.
description: Presented on QUAMP-4 conference (UCL, London); 4 pages; bibliography is slightly extended as compared to a version published in PRL
title: Bootstrapping Mean Squared Errors of Robust Small-Area Estimators: Application to the Method-of-Payments Data
Creators: name: Jiongo, Valéry Dongmo
name: Nguimkeu, Pierre
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: This paper proposes a new bootstrap procedure for mean squared errors of robust small-area estimators. We formally prove the asymptotic validity of the proposed bootstrap method and examine its finite sample performance through Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that our procedure performs well and outperforms existing ones. We also apply our procedure to the estimation of the total volume and value of cash, debit card and credit card transactions in Canada as well as in its provinces and subgroups of households. In particular, we find that there is a significant average annual decline rate of 3.1 percent in the volume of cash transactions, and that this decline is relatively higher among high-income households living in heavily populated provinces. Our bootstrap estimator also provides indicators of quality useful in selecting the best small-area predictors from among several alternatives in practice.
description: Nous proposons une nouvelle procédure bootstrap pour estimer l’erreur quadratique moyenne associée aux estimateurs sur petits domaines robustes. La validité asymptotique du bootstrap proposé est formellement établie et ses propriétés en échantillons finis sont examinées à l’aide de simulations de Monte Carlo. Les résultats montrent que notre procédure est plus performante que les méthodes existantes. Nous appliquons ensuite celleci à l’estimation du volume total et de la valeur totale des transactions monétaires au comptant, par carte de débit et carte de crédit effectuées au Canada, ainsi qu’au niveau des provinces et des sous-groupes de ménages. Les résultats font ressortir une décroissance significative du volume annuel des transactions au comptant, de l’ordre de 3,1 % en moyenne, qui est d’ailleurs plus prononcée dans le cas des ménages à hauts revenus vivant dans les provinces les plus peuplées. Notre estimateur bootstrap permet aussi de construire des indicateurs de qualité permettant de sélectionner les meilleurs prédicteurs sur petits domaines, parmi plusieurs possibilités.
Magnetoresistive sensors based on the elasticity of domain walls
Creators: name: Zhang, Xueying
name: Vernier, Nicolas
name: Cao, Zhiqiang
name: Leng, Qunwen
name: Cao, Anni
name: Ravelosona, Dafine
name: Zhao, Weisheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic sensors based on the magnetoresistance effects have a promising application prospect due to their excellent sensitivity and advantages in terms of the integration. However, competition between higher sensitivity and larger measuring range remains a problem. Here, we propose a novel mechanism for the design of magnetoresistive sensors: probing the perpendicular field by detecting the expansion of the elastic magnetic Domain Wall (DW) in the free layer of a spin valve or a magnetic tunnel junction. Performances of devices based on this mechanism, such as the sensitivity and the measuring range can be tuned by manipulating the geometry of the device, without changing the intrinsic properties of the material, thus promising a higher integration level and a better performance. The mechanism is theoretically explained based on the experimental results. Two examples are proposed and their functionality and performances are verified via micromagnetic simulation.
description: 4 figures, 13 pages
Approximation Algorithms for Certain Network Improvement Problems
Creators: name: Krumke, Sven O.
name: Marathe, Madhav V.
name: Noltemeier, Hartmut
name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
name: S. S. Ravi
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study budget constrained network upgrading problems. Such problems aim at finding optimal strategies for improving a network under some cost measure subject to certain budget constraints. Given an edge weighted graph G = (V, E), in the edge based upgrading model, it is assumed that each edge e of the given network also has an associated function ce (t) that specifies the cost of upgrading the edge by an amount t. A reduction strategy specifies for each edge e the amount by which the length ℓ(e) is to be reduced. In the node based upgrading model, a node v can be upgraded at an expense of c(v). Such an upgrade reduces the delay of each edge incident on v. For a given budget B, the goal is to find an improvement strategy such that the total cost of reduction is at most the given budget B and the cost of a subgraph (e.g. minimum spanning tree) under the modified edge lengths is the best over all possible strategies which obey the budget constraint. After providing a brief overview of the models and definitions of the various problems considered, we present several new results on the complexity and approximability of network improvement problems.
title: Reconciling Jaimovich-Rebelo Preferences, Habit in Consumption and Labor Supply
Creators: name: Holden, Tom D.
name: Levine, Paul
name: Swarbrick, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: This note studies a form of a utility function of consumption with habit and leisure that (a) is compatible with long-run balanced growth, (b) hits a steady-state observed target for hours worked and (c) is consistent with micro-econometric evidence for the inter-temporal elasticity of substitution and the Frisch elasticity of labor supply. We employ Jaimovich- Rebello preferences, and our results highlight a constraint on the preference parameter needed to target the steady-state Frisch elasticity. This leads to a lower bound for the latter that cannot be reconciled empirically with external habit, but the introduction of a labor wedge solves the problem. We also propose a dynamic Frisch inverse elasticity measure and examine its business cycle properties.
description: Dans cette note, nous étudions une fonction d’utilité qui dépend du temps de loisir et de la consommation, en tenant compte de la persistance des habitudes, et dont la forme a) est compatible avec une croissance équilibrée à long terme, b) permet d’atteindre les nombres d’heures travaillées constatés dans les données à l’état stationnaire et c) est conforme aux données microéconométriques relatives à l’élasticité de substitution  intertemporelle et à l’élasticité de l’offre de travail de Frisch. Nous appliquons les préférences proposées par Jaimovich et Rebelo et nos résultats mettent en évidence une contrainte sur le paramètre de préférence nécessaire pour faire concorder l’élasticité de Frisch à l’état stationnaire avec
les données. Cette contrainte entraîne une limite inférieure de l’élasticité de Frisch qui ne peut être conciliée avec les données empiriques en présence d’habitudes externes, mais l’introduction d’un écart entre le taux marginal de substitution consommation-loisir et la productivité marginale du travail résout le problème. Nous proposons également une mesure dynamique pour l’inverse de l’élasticité de Frisch et examinons ses propriétés cycliques.
title: How changes in the share of constrained households affect the effectiveness of monetary policy
Creators: name: Alves, Felipe
name: Acharya, Sushant
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05cc98565
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: We measure how the change in the share of constrained households in Canada following the COVID-19 recession has impacted the effectiveness of monetary policy.
description: Nous évaluons comment la variation de la part des ménages canadiens sous fortes contraintes financières a pu influer sur l’efficacité de la politique monétaire après la récession causée par la pandémie de COVID-19.
title: On the Evolution of the United Kingdom Price Distributions
Creators: name: Chu, Ba M.
name: Huynh, Kim
name: Jacho-Chávez, David T.
name: Kryvtsov, Oleksiy
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: We propose a functional principal components method that accounts for stratified random sample weighting and time dependence in the observations to understand the evolution of distributions of monthly micro-level consumer prices for the United Kingdom (UK). We apply the method to publicly available monthly data on individual-good prices collected in retail stores by the UK Office for National Statistics for the construction of the UK Consumer Price Index from March 1996 to September 2015. In addition, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our methodology. Our method allows us to visualize the dynamics of the price distribution and uncovers interesting patterns during the sample period. Further, we demonstrate the efficacy of our methodology with an out-of-sample forecasting algorithm that exploits the time dependence of distributions. Our out-of-sample forecast compares favorably with the random walk forecast.
description: Nous proposons une méthode d’analyse en composantes principales fonctionnelles qui rend compte de la pondération de l’échantillonnage aléatoire stratifié et de la dépendance temporelle des observations dans le but de comprendre l’évolution des distributions de données microéconomiques mensuelles sur les prix à la consommation au Royaume-Uni. Nous appliquons la méthode à des données mensuelles sur les prix par produit recueillies par l’Office for National Statistics dans les commerces de détail entre mars 1996 et septembre 2015 afin de construire l’indice des prix à la consommation du Royaume-Uni. De plus, nous effectuons des simulations de Monte-Carlo pour démontrer l’efficacité de notre méthodologie. Notre méthode nous permet de visualiser la dynamique de la distribution de prix et met en lumière des phénomènes intéressants pendant la période considérée. Par ailleurs, nous démontrons l’efficacité de notre méthodologie à l’aide d’un algorithme de prévision hors échantillon qui exploite la dépendance temporelle des distributions. Notre prévision hors échantillon se compare favorablement à la prévision issue d’une marche aléatoire.
Low Scale Leptogenesis and Dark Matter Candidates in an Extended Seesaw Model
Creators: name: Cheon, H. Sung
name: Kang, Sin Kyu
name: Kim, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a variant of seesaw mechanism by introducing extra singlet neutrinos and singlet scalar boson, and show how low scale leptogenesis is successfully realized in this scenario. We examine if the newly introduced neutral particles, either singlet Majorana neutrino or singlet scalar boson, can be a candidate for dark matter. We also discuss the implications of the dark matter detection through the scattering off the nucleus of the detecting material on our scenarios for dark matter. In addition, we study the implications for the search of invisible Higgs decay at LHC, which may serve as a probe of our scenario for dark matter.
description: correct typo and reference
CKM Phase and Spontaneous CP Violation
Creators: name: He, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model for CP violation, the CKM model, works very well in explaining all laboratory experimental data. However, this model does not address the question that where it comes from. The origin of CP violation is still a mystery. In this talk I discuss a model\cite{model} addressing this problem in which the CP violating phase in the CKM matrix is identical to the phase in the Higgs potential resulting from spontaneous CP violation.
description: Latex 8 pages with one figure. Error in reference fixed
LEVA: Using Large Language Models to Enhance Visual Analytics
Creators: name: Zhao, Yuheng
name: Zhang, Yixing
name: Zhang, Yu
name: Zhao, Xinyi
name: Wang, Junjie
name: Shao, Zekai
name: Turkay, Cagatay
name: Chen, Siming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual analytics supports data analysis tasks within complex domain problems. However, due to the richness of data types, visual designs, and interaction designs, users need to recall and process a significant amount of information when they visually analyze data. These challenges emphasize the need for more intelligent visual analytics methods. Large language models have demonstrated the ability to interpret various forms of textual data, offering the potential to facilitate intelligent support for visual analytics. We propose LEVA, a framework that uses large language models to enhance users' VA workflows at multiple stages: onboarding, exploration, and summarization. To support onboarding, we use large language models to interpret visualization designs and view relationships based on system specifications. For exploration, we use large language models to recommend insights based on the analysis of system status and data to facilitate mixed-initiative exploration. For summarization, we present a selective reporting strategy to retrace analysis history through a stream visualization and generate insight reports with the help of large language models. We demonstrate how LEVA can be integrated into existing visual analytics systems. Two usage scenarios and a user study suggest that LEVA effectively aids users in conducting visual analytics.
description: Accepted to IEEE TVCG 2024
Octet-Baryon Form Factors in the Diquark Model
Creators: name: Jakob, R.
name: Kroll, P.
name: Schuermann, M.
name: Schweiger, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an alternative parameterization of the quark-diquark model of baryons which particularly takes care of the most recent proton electric form-factor data from the E136 experiment at SLAC. In addition to electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon, for which good agreement with data is achieved, we discuss the weak axial vector form factor of the nucleon as well as electromagnetic form factors of $Λ$ and $Σ$ hyperons. Technical advance in calculating the pertinent analytic expressions within perturbative quantum chromodynamics is gained by formulating the wave function of the quark-diquark system in a covariant way. Finally, we also comment on the influence of Sudakov corrections within the scope of the diquark model.
description: 16 pages, WU-B 93-07, latex, uuencoded postscript files of 7 figures appended at the end of the latex file
SelfKG: Self-Supervised Entity Alignment in Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Liu, Xiao
name: Hong, Haoyun
name: Wang, Xinghao
name: Chen, Zeyi
name: Kharlamov, Evgeny
name: Dong, Yuxiao
name: Tang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Entity alignment, aiming to identify equivalent entities across different knowledge graphs (KGs), is a fundamental problem for constructing Web-scale KGs. Over the course of its development, the label supervision has been considered necessary for accurate alignments. Inspired by the recent progress of self-supervised learning, we explore the extent to which we can get rid of supervision for entity alignment. Commonly, the label information (positive entity pairs) is used to supervise the process of pulling the aligned entities in each positive pair closer. However, our theoretical analysis suggests that the learning of entity alignment can actually benefit more from pushing unlabeled negative pairs far away from each other than pulling labeled positive pairs close. By leveraging this discovery, we develop the self-supervised learning objective for entity alignment. We present SelfKG with efficient strategies to optimize this objective for aligning entities without label supervision. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that SelfKG without supervision can match or achieve comparable results with state-of-the-art supervised baselines. The performance of SelfKG suggests that self-supervised learning offers great potential for entity alignment in KGs. The code and data are available at https://github.com/THUDM/SelfKG.
description: Proceedings of the Web Conference 2022
title: Ambiguity, Nominal Bond Yields and Real Bond Yields
Creators: name: Zhao, Guihai
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: Equilibrium bond-pricing models rely on inflation being bad news for future growth to generate upward-sloping nominal yield curves. We develop a model that can generate upward-sloping nominal and real yield curves by instead using ambiguity about inflation and growth. Ambiguity can help resolve the puzzling fact that upward-sloping yield curves have persisted despite positive inflation shocks changing from negative to positive news about growth in the last twenty years. Investors make decisions using worst-case beliefs, under which the expectations hypothesis roughly holds. However, inflation and growth evolve over time under the true distribution, and this difference makes excess returns on long-term bonds predictable. The model is also consistent with the recent empirical findings on the term structure of equity returns.
description: Les modèles d’équilibre servant à l’évaluation des obligations reposent sur l’hypothèse que l’inflation a pour effet de freiner la croissance future, ce qui se traduit par une courbe des rendements nominaux ascendante. Nous concevons un modèle pouvant générer des courbes ascendantes pour les rendements nominaux et réels, en tenant compte d’un certain degré d’ambiguïté à l’égard de l’inflation et de la croissance. Cette ambiguïté peut contribuer à expliquer l’étonnante persistance des courbes de rendement ascendantes en dépit des chocs d’inflation positifs, qui ont eu des répercussions positives plutôt que négatives sur la croissance au cours des vingt dernières années. Les investisseurs fondent leurs décisions sur l’hypothèse que le pire des scénarios se réalisera, et dans ce cadre, l’hypothèse relative aux attentes se vérifie globalement. Or, l’évolution de l’inflation et de la croissance au fil du temps ne reflète pas l’hypothèse du pire scénario, et cette différence fait en sorte qu’il est possible de prévoir les excédents de rendement des obligations à long terme. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide de notre modèle concordent également avec les analyses empiriques récentes de la structure par terme des rendements des actions.
Azimuthal fermionic current in the cosmic string spacetime induced by a magnetic tube
Creators: name: de Sousa, M. S. Maior
name: Ribeiro, R. F.
name: de Mello, E. R. Bezerra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze the vacuum azimuthal fermionic current induced by a magnetic field confined in a cylindrical tube of finite radius $a$, in the cosmic string spacetime. Three distinct configurations for the magnetic field are taken into account: (i) a cylindrical shell of radius $a$, (ii) a magnetic field proportional to $1/r$ and (iii) a constant magnetic field. In these three cases, the axis of the infinitely long tube of radius $a$ coincides with the cosmic string; moreover, we only develop this analysis for the region outside the tube. In order to do that, we explicitly construct the corresponding complete set of normalized wave-functions. We show that in the region outside the tube, the induced current is decomposed into a part corresponding to a zero-thickness magnetic flux in addition to a core-induced contribution. The latter presents specific form depending on the magnetic field configuration considered. The zero-thickness contribution depends only on the fractional part of the ration of the magnetic flux inside the tube by the quantum one. As to the core-induced contribution, it depends on the total magnetic flux inside the tube, and consequently, in general, it is not a periodic function of the flux.
description: Paper presented in the Conference "The Modern Physics of Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity 2017", in Yerevan, Armenia. 16 pages, 3 figures
IN03067 Tim̆biriväva Pillar Inscription
Creators: name: Wickremasinghe, Don Martino de Zilva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: IN03067
Epigraphia Zeylanica
Tim̆biriväva

description: IN03067 Tim̆biriväva Pillar Inscription - Transcript and Translation Source: Wickremasinghe, Don Martino de Zilva. (1912-27). ‘No. 3. Tim̆biriväva Pillar-Inscription,’ Epigraphia Zeylanica 2, pp. 9-14.
title: Noisy Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Dahlhaus, Tatjana
name: Gambetti, Luca
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2018

description: We introduce limited information in monetary policy. Agents receive signals from the central bank revealing new information (“news") about the future evolution of the policy rate before changes in the rate actually take place. However, the signal is disturbed by noise. We employ a non-standard vector autoregression procedure to disentangle the economic and financial effects of news and noise in US monetary policy since the mid-1990s. Using survey- and market-based data on federal funds rate expectations, we find that the noisy signal plays a relatively important role for macroeconomic dynamics. A signal reporting news about a future policy tightening shifts policy rate expectations upwards and decreases output and prices. A sizable part of the signal is noise surrounding future monetary policy actions. The noise decreases output and prices and can explain up to 16% and 13% of their variations, respectively. Furthermore, it significantly increases the excess bond premium, the corporate spread and financial market volatility, and decreases stock prices.
description: Nous introduisons des informations limitées sur la politique monétaire. Les agents reçoivent des signaux de la banque centrale qui révèlent de nouvelles informations (des « nouvelles ») sur l’évolution future du taux directeur avant qu’il ne soit réellement modifié. Cependant, ces signaux sont brouillés par du « bruit ». Nous employons un modèle vectoriel autorégressif non standard pour démêler les répercussions économiques et financières qu’ont eues les nouvelles et le bruit sur la politique monétaire des États-Unis depuis le milieu des années 1990. Les données d’enquête et les données de marché sur les attentes relatives au taux des fonds fédéraux permettent de constater que les signaux entachés de bruit jouent un rôle relativement important dans la dynamique macroéconomique. Un signal associé à un resserrement futur de la politique monétaire amène à s’attendre davantage à une hausse du taux directeur et entraîne une baisse de la production et des prix. Une grande partie du signal est du bruit autour des mesures à venir des autorités monétaires. Ce bruit cause une diminution de la production et des prix, et permet d’expliquer les variations de ces deux variables, respectivement jusqu’à 16 % et 13 % de la variance. De plus, il fait augmenter sensiblement la prime excédentaire sur les obligations d’entreprise, l’écart de taux des obligations de sociétés et la volatilité des marchés financiers, et fait baisser les cours des actions.
Finite volume spectrum of N=1 superminimal models perturbed by $Φ_{13}$
Creators: name: Hegedus, Arpad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an extension of the nonlinear integral equation (NLIE) tehnique to N=1 superminimal models perturbed by $Φ_{13}$. Along the way, we also complete our previous studies of the finite volume spectrum of the N=1 supersymmetric sine-Gordon model by considering the attractive regime and more specifically, breather states.
Stochastic Learning under Random Reshuffling with Constant Step-sizes
Creators: name: Ying, Bicheng
name: Yuan, Kun
name: Vlaski, Stefan
name: Sayed, Ali H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In empirical risk optimization, it has been observed that stochastic gradient implementations that rely on random reshuffling of the data achieve better performance than implementations that rely on sampling the data uniformly. Recent works have pursued justifications for this behavior by examining the convergence rate of the learning process under diminishing step-sizes. This work focuses on the constant step-size case and strongly convex loss function. In this case, convergence is guaranteed to a small neighborhood of the optimizer albeit at a linear rate. The analysis establishes analytically that random reshuffling outperforms uniform sampling by showing explicitly that iterates approach a smaller neighborhood of size $O(μ^2)$ around the minimizer rather than $O(μ)$. Furthermore, we derive an analytical expression for the steady-state mean-square-error performance of the algorithm, which helps clarify in greater detail the differences between sampling with and without replacement. We also explain the periodic behavior that is observed in random reshuffling implementations.
Approximation Algorithms for a Capacitated Network Design Problem
Creators: name: Hassin, Refael
name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
name: F. Sibel Salman
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study a capacitated network design problem with applications in local access network design. Given a network, the problem is to route flow from several sources to a sink and to install capacity on the edges to support the flow at minimum cost. Capacity can be purchased only in multiples of a fixed quantity. All the flow from a source must be routed in a single path to the sink. This NP-hard problem generalizes the Steiner tree problem and also more effectively models the applications traditionally formulated as capacitated tree problems. We present an approximation algorithm with performance ratio (ρST + 2) where ρST is the performance ratio of any approximation algorithm for the minimum Steiner tree problem. When all sources have unit demand, the ratio improves to ρST + 1) and, in particular, to 2 when all nodes in the graph are sources.
Spin states of zigzag-edged Mobius graphene nanoribbons from first principles
Creators: name: Jiang, De-en
name: Dai, Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mobius graphene nanoribbons have only one edge topologically. How the magnetic structures, previously associated with the two edges of zigzag-edged flat nanoribbons or cyclic nanorings, would change for their Mobius counterparts is an intriguing question. Using spin-polarized density functional theory, we shed light on this question. We examine spin states of zigzag-edged Mobius graphene nanoribbons (ZMGNRs) with different widths and lengths. We find a triplet ground state for a Mobius cyclacene, while the corresponding two-edged cyclacene has an open-shell singlet ground state. For wider ZMGNRs, the total magnetization of the ground state is found to increase with the ribbon length. For example, a quintet ground state is found for a ZMGNR. Local magnetic moments on the edge carbon atoms form domains of majority and minor spins along the edge. Spins at the domain boundaries are found to be frustrated. Our findings show that the Mobius topology (i.e., only one edge) causes ZMGNRs to favor one spin over the other, leading to a ground state with non-zero total magnetization.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures
How to Make Large Domains of Disoriented Chiral Condensate
Creators: name: Gavin, Sean
name: Gocksch, Andreas
name: Pisarski, Robert D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rajagopal and Wilczek have proposed that relativistic nuclear collisions can generate domains in which the chiral condensate is disoriented. If sufficiently large ({\it i.e.} nucleus sized), such domains can yield measurable fluctuations in the number of neutral and charged pions. However, by numerical simulation of the zero-temperature two-flavor linear sigma model, we find that domains are essentially {\it pion} sized. Nevertheless, we show that large domains can occur if the effective mesons masses are much lighter.
description: 6 pages and 2 postscript figures, BNL-GGP-1
Geometric frustration induces the transition between rotation and counterrotation in swirled granular media
Creators: name: Lee, Lisa
name: Ryan, John Paul
name: Lahini, Yoav
name: Holmes-Cerfon, Miranda
name: Rubinstein, Shmuel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Granular material in a swirled container exhibits a curious transition as the number of particles is increased: at low densities the particle cluster rotates in the same direction as the swirling motion of the container, while at high densities it rotates in the opposite direction. We investigate this phenomenon experimentally and numerically using a co-rotating reference frame in which the system reaches a statistical steady-state. In this steady-state the particles form a cluster whose translational degrees of freedom are stationary, while the individual particles constantly circulate around the cluster's center of mass, similar to a ball rolling along the wall within a rotating drum. We show that the transition to counterrotation is friction-dependent. At high particle densities, frictional effects result in geometric frustration which prevents particles from cooperatively rolling and spinning. Consequently, the particle cluster rolls like a rigid body with no-slip conditions on the container wall, which necessarily counterrotates around its own axis. Numerical simulations verify that both wall-disc friction and disc-disc friction are critical for inducing counterrotation.