cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sequences in the cytoplasmic tail of SARS-CoV-2 Spike facilitate expression at the cell surface and syncytia formation
Creators: name: Cattin-Ortolá, Jérôme
name: Welch, Lawrence G.
name: Maslen, Sarah L.
name: Papa, Guido
name: James, Leo C.
name: Munro, Sean
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/1647/296
/631/80/313/1525
/631/250/590/2293
/631/326/596/4130
/631/326/596/2557
/82/58
/14/19
article

description: Abstract: The Spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds ACE2 to direct fusion with host cells. S comprises a large external domain, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Understanding the intracellular trafficking of S is relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to vaccines expressing full-length S from mRNA or adenovirus vectors. Here we report a proteomic screen for cellular factors that interact with the cytoplasmic tail of S. We confirm interactions with the COPI and COPII vesicle coats, ERM family actin regulators, and the WIPI3 autophagy component. The COPII binding site promotes exit from the endoplasmic reticulum, and although binding to COPI should retain S in the early Golgi where viral budding occurs, there is a suboptimal histidine residue in the recognition motif. As a result, S leaks to the surface where it accumulates and can direct the formation of multinucleate syncytia. Thus, the trafficking signals in the tail of S indicate that syncytia play a role in the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle.
title: Jacob Jan Hamel-Bruyninx
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Jacob Jan Hamel-Bruyninx as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Octonionic black holes
Creators: name: Bossard, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using algebraic tools inspired by the study of nilpotent orbits in simple Lie algebras, we obtain a large class of solutions describing interacting non-BPS black holes in N=8 supergravity, which depend on 44 harmonic functions. For this purpose, we consider a truncation E6(6) / Sp(8,R) of the non-linear sigma model describing stationary solutions of the theory, which permits a reduction of algebraic computations to the multiplication of 27 by 27 matrices. The lift to N=8 supergravity is then carried out without loss of information by using a pertinent representation of the moduli parametrizing E7(7) / SU(8) in terms of complex valued Hermitian matrices over the split octonions, which generalise the projective coordinates of exceptional special Kaehler manifolds. We extract the electromagnetic charges, mass and angular momenta of the solutions, and exhibit the duality invariance of the black holes distance separations. We discuss in particular a new type of interaction which appears when interacting non-BPS black holes are not aligned. Finally we will explain the possible generalisations toward the description of the most general stationary black hole solutions of N=8 supergravity.
description: 90 pages, Corrected version for publication in JHEP
On Upper Bounds for Toroidal Mosaic Numbers
Creators: name: Carlisle, Michael J.
name: Laufer, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P68, 57M25, 81P15, 57M27 (Primary) 20C35 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we work to construct mosaic representations of knots on the torus, rather than in the plane. This consists of a particular choice of the ambient group, as well as different definitions of contiguous and suitably connected. We present conditions under which mosaic numbers might decrease by this projection, and present a tool to measure this reduction. We show that the order of edge identification in construction of the torus sometimes yields different resultant knots from a given mosaic when reversed. Additionally, in the Appendix we give the catalog of all 2 by 2 torus mosaics.
description: 10 pages, 111 figures
Effects of nuclear deformation and neutron transfer in capture process, and origin of fusion hindrance at deep sub-barrier energies
Creators: name: Sargsyan, V. V.
name: Adamian, G. G.
name: Antonenko, N. V.
name: Scheid, W.
name: Zhang, H. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The roles of nuclear deformation and neutron transfer in sub-barrier capture process are studied within the quantum diffusion approach. The change of the deformations of colliding nuclei with neutron exchange can crucially influence the sub-barrier fusion. The comparison of the calculated capture cross section and the measured fusion cross section in various reactions at extreme sub- barrier energies gives us information about the fusion and quasifission.
description: 11 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev. C
title: Dietrich Wilhelm v. Stedingk
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Dietrich Wilhelm v. Stedingk as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Paul Josua (?) Steding
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Paul Josua (?) Steding as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Elliptic curves with p-Selmer growth for all p
Creators: name: Bartel, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G05 11G40

description: It is known, that for every elliptic curve over Q there exists a quadratic extension in which the rank does not go up. For a large class of elliptic curves, the same is known with the rank replaced by the 2-Selmer group. We show, however, that there exists a large supply of semistable elliptic curves E/Q whose 2-Selmer group goes up in every bi-quadratic extension and for any odd prime p, the p-Selmer group goes up in every D_{2p}-extension and every elementary abelian p-extension of rank at least 2. We provide a simple criterion for an elliptic curve over an arbitrary number field to exhibit this behaviour. We also discuss generalisations to other Galois groups.
description: 7 pages; improved exposition. Final version to appear in Q. J. Math
Cells of the human intestinal tract mapped across space and time
Creators: name: Elmentaite, Rasa
name: Kumasaka, Natsuhiko
name: Roberts, Kenny
name: Fleming, Aaron
name: Dann, Emma
name: King, Hamish W.
name: Kleshchevnikov, Vitalii
name: Dabrowska, Monika
name: Pritchard, Sophie
name: Bolt, Liam
name: Vieira, Sara F.
name: Mamanova, Lira
name: Huang, Ni
name: Perrone, Francesca
name: Goh Kai’En, Issac
name: Lisgo, Steven N.
name: Katan, Matilda
name: Leonard, Steven
name: Oliver, Thomas R. W.
name: Hook, C. Elizabeth
name: Nayak, Komal
name: Campos, Lia S.
name: Domínguez Conde, Cecilia
name: Stephenson, Emily
name: Engelbert, Justin
name: Botting, Rachel A.
name: Polanski, Krzysztof
name: Van Dongen, Stijn
name: Patel, Minal
name: Morgan, Michael D.
name: Marioni, John C.
name: Bayraktar, Omer Ali
name: Meyer, Kerstin B.
name: He, Xiaoling
name: Barker, Roger A.
name: Uhlig, Holm H.
name: Mahbubani, Krishnaa T.
name: Saeb-Parsy, Kourosh
name: Zilbauer, Matthias
name: Clatworthy, Menna R.
name: Haniffa, Muzlifah
name: James, Kylie R.
name: Teichmann, Sarah A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/114/2391
/631/136
/692/699/1503/257/1402
/38/91
/45
/38/39
/14
/14/32
article

description: Abstract: The cellular landscape of the human intestinal tract is dynamic throughout life, developing in utero and changing in response to functional requirements and environmental exposures. Here, to comprehensively map cell lineages, we use single-cell RNA sequencing and antigen receptor analysis of almost half a million cells from up to 5 anatomical regions in the developing and up to 11 distinct anatomical regions in the healthy paediatric and adult human gut. This reveals the existence of transcriptionally distinct BEST4 epithelial cells throughout the human intestinal tract. Furthermore, we implicate IgG sensing as a function of intestinal tuft cells. We describe neural cell populations in the developing enteric nervous system, and predict cell-type-specific expression of genes associated with Hirschsprung’s disease. Finally, using a systems approach, we identify key cell players that drive the formation of secondary lymphoid tissue in early human development. We show that these programs are adopted in inflammatory bowel disease to recruit and retain immune cells at the site of inflammation. This catalogue of intestinal cells will provide new insights into cellular programs in development, homeostasis and disease.
Microfluidic device for measuring the deformability of single cells
Creators: name: Guo, Quan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The deformability of single cells can be used as a biomarker to evaluate the status of many diseases including cancer, malaria, and arthritis. Traditional techniques for measuring single cell deformability, such as micropipette aspiration, optical tweezers, and atomic force microscopy, involve delicate experiments performed by highly-skilled technicians using specialized equipment. This thesis presents a new mechanism for measuring the deformability of single cell using the pressure required to deform single cells through a micro-scale constriction. This technique is in principle similar to the micropipette aspiration, but involves considerably simpler operation, is less prone to errors, and requires less specialized equipment and technical skill. The ability of this mechanism to measure single cell deformability is initially verified by testing neutrophils, which demonstrated similar results and measurement precision as micropipette aspiration. Subsequently, this device was used to study the deformability of human red blood cells and specifically, the decrease in deformability of red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum, the most common species of the parasite that causes malaria. Finally, this device was used to measure the directional asymmetry associated with the deformation of single cells along the direction of the funnel taper and against the direction of the funnel taper. This asymmetry was used to create a microfluidic ratchet to enable unidirectional transport of cells from a fluctuating fluid flow.
Comparative analysis of popular predictors for difficult laryngoscopy using hybrid intelligent detection methods
Creators: name: Liu, XiaoXiao
name: FLANAGAN, COLIN
name: Fang, Jingchao
name: Lei, Yiming
name: McGrath, Launcelot
name: Wang, Jun
name: Guo, Xiangyang
name: Guo, Jiangzhen
name: McGrath, Harry
name: Han, Yongzheng
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: Difficult laryngoscopy is associated with airway injury, and asphyxia. There are no guidelines or gold standards for detecting difficult laryngoscopy. There are many opinions on which predictors to use to detect difficult laryngoscopy exposure, and no comprehensively unified comparative analysis has been conducted. The efficacy and accuracy of deep learning (DL)-based models and machine learning (ML)-based models for predicting difficult laryngoscopy need to be evaluated and compared, under the circumstance that the flourishing of deep neural networks (DNN) has increasingly left ML less concentrated and uncreative. For the first time, the performance of difficult laryngoscopy prediction for a dataset of 671 patients, under single index and integrated multiple in?dicators was consistently verified under seven ML-based models and four DL-based approaches. The top dog was a simple traditional machine learning model, Naïve Bayes, outperforming DL-based models, the best test accuracy is 86.6%, the F1 score is 0.908, and the average precision score is 0.837. Three radiological variables of difficult laryngoscopy were all valuable separately and combinedly and the ranking was presented. There is no significant difference in performance among the three radiological indicators individually (83.06% vs. 83.20% vs. 83.33%) and comprehensively (83.74%), suggesting that anesthesiologists can flexibly choose appropriate measurement indicators according to the actual situation to predict difficult laryngoscopy. Adaptive spatial interaction was imposed to the model to boost the performance of difficult laryngoscopy prediction with preoperative cervical spine X-ray.
title: Agostino Steffani
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Agostino Steffani as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
The pharmacogenomics of cisplatin-induced hearing loss
Creators: name: Pussegoda, Kusala
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of solid tumours. A serious complication of cisplatin treatment is permanent hearing loss. The study hypothesis is that genetic variants in genes involved in drug metabolism and transport can contribute to increased susceptibility to hearing loss in pediatric oncology patients treated with cisplatin. Patients were recruited from across Canada through the Canadian Pharmacogenomics Network for Drug Safety (CPNDS). Recently, our group identified several predictive genetic variants that were highly associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children. We evaluated whether we could replicate these findings in a new independent cohort of 155 pediatric patients. Associations were replicated for genetic variants in TPMT (rs12201199, P=0.0013, Odds Ratio, OR 6.1) and ABCC3 (rs1051640, P=0.036, OR 1.8). A predictive model combining variants in TPMT, ABCC3 and COMT with clinical variables significantly improved the prediction of risk of developing hearing loss compared to clinical risk factors alone (P=0.00048). We next evaluated whether we could identify additional genetic variants that confer susceptibility to cisplatin-induced hearing loss. We identified novel variants in ABCB5 (rs10950831, P=1.06×10⁻⁶, OR 2.0) and DPYD (rs6667550, P=0.0047, OR 1.9) that were significantly associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss. We included these variants into the initial genetic model that consists of variants in TPMT, ABCC3 and COMT to evaluate whether we could improve the prediction of risk. We demonstrate that the risk of prediction of hearing loss significantly improves by including genetic variants in ABCB5 and DPYD (P=0.0023). We also demonstrate that by combining the clinical and genetic factors we can significantly improve the prediction of risk of hearing loss compared to clinical factors alone (P=2.63x10⁻⁷). We were able to replicate previously described findings and also provide evidence for novel genetic variants in the prediction of cisplatin-induced hearing loss in children. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that predictive models can classify patients based on predicted risk of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. These findings have the potential to influence treatment modifications for cisplatin therapy and may improve safety in children.
Critical Current Density and n-values of MgB2 Strands over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Fields
Creators: name: Li, G Z
name: Yang, Y
name: Susner, M A
name: Sumption, M D
name: Collings, E W
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport measurements of critical current density, Jct, in monocore powder-in-tube MgB2 strands have been carried out at temperatures, T, of from 4.2 K to 40 K, and in transverse fields, B, of up to 14 T. Processing methods used were conventional continuous-tube-forming-filling (CTFF) and internal-magnesium-diffusion (IMD). Strands with several powder compositions were measured, including binary (undoped) MgB2, 2% carbon doped MgB2, and 3% carbon doped MgB2. Magnetization loops (M-B) were also measured, and magnetic critical current density, Jcm, values extracted from them. The transport, Jct(B) and magnetic, Jcm(B), critical current densities were compared. Also studied was the influence of doping on the resistively measured irreversibility field, Birr and upper critical field Bc2. Critical current densities, Jct, and n-values were extracted from transport measurements and were found to be universally related (for all B and T) according to n \propto Jctm in which m = 0.52 \pm 0.11. Likewise n was found to be related to B according to n \propto B-p with a T-dependent p in the range of about 0.08~0.21. Further analysis of the field (B) and temperature (T) dependencies of n-value resulted in an expression that enabled n(B,T), for all B and T, to be estimated for a given strand based on the results of transport Jct(B) measurements made at one arbitrarily chosen temperature.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures
Synaptic tau: A pathological or physiological phenomenon?
Creators: name: Robbins, Miranda
name: Clayton, Emma
name: Kaminski Schierle, Gabriele S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review
Plasticity
Tau
Synapses
Memory
Alzheimer’s disease
Neurodegeneration

description: Funder: infinitus china ltd.
description: Abstract: In this review, we discuss the synaptic aspects of Tau pathology occurring during Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and how this may relate to memory impairment, a major hallmark of AD. Whilst the clinical diagnosis of AD patients is a loss of working memory and long-term declarative memory, the histological diagnosis is the presence of neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau and Amyloid-beta plaques. Tau pathology spreads through synaptically connected neurons to impair synaptic function preceding the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, synaptic loss, axonal retraction and cell death. Alongside synaptic pathology, recent data suggest that Tau has physiological roles in the pre- or post- synaptic compartments. Thus, we have seen a shift in the research focus from Tau as a microtubule-stabilising protein in axons, to Tau as a synaptic protein with roles in accelerating spine formation, dendritic elongation, and in synaptic plasticity coordinating memory pathways. We collate here the myriad of emerging interactions and physiological roles of synaptic Tau, and discuss the current evidence that synaptic Tau contributes to pathology in AD.
title: On the Benefit of FMG and EMG Sensor Fusion for Gesture Recognition Using Cross-Subject Validation
Creators: name: Rohr, Maurice
name: Haidamous, Jad
name: Schäfer, Niklas
name: Schaumann, Stephan
name: Latsch, Bastian
name: Kupnik, Mario
name: Hoog Antink, Christoph
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2025

description: Hand gestures are a natural form of human communication, making gesture recognition a sensible approach for intuitive human-computer interaction. Wearable sensors on the forearm can be used to detect the muscle contractions that generate these gestures, but classification approaches relying on a single measured modality lack accuracy and robustness. In this work, we analyze sensor fusion of force myography (FMG) and electromyography (EMG) for gesture recognition. We employ piezoelectric FMG sensors based on ferroelectrets and a commercial EMG system in a user study with 13 participants to measure 66 distinct hand movements with 10ms labelling precision. Three classification tasks, namely flexion and extension, single finger, and all finger movement classification, are performed using common handcrafted features as input to machine learning classifiers. Subsequently, the evaluation covers the effectiveness of the sensor fusion using correlation analysis, classification performance based on leave-one-subject-out-cross-validation and 5x2cv-t-tests, and its effects of involuntary movements on classification. We find that sensor fusion leads to significant improvement (42% higher average recognition accuracy) on all three tasks and that both sensor modalities contain complementary information. Furthermore, we confirm this finding using reduced FMG and EMG sensor sets. This study reinforces the results of prior research about the effectiveness of sensor fusion by performing meticulous statistical analyses, thereby paving the way for multi-sensor gesture recognition in assistance systems.
On the existence of stable seasonally varying Arctic sea ice in simple models
Creators: name: Moon, W.
name: Wettlaufer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of lower order thermodynamic theories for the climatic evolution of Arctic sea ice we isolate the conditions required for the existence of stable seasonally-varying solutions, in which ice forms each winter and melts away each summer. This is done by constructing a two-season model from the continuously evolving theory of Eisenman and Wettlaufer (2009) and showing that seasonally-varying states are unstable under constant annual average short-wave radiative forcing. However, dividing the summer season into two intervals (ice covered and ice free) provides sufficient freedom to stabilize seasonal ice. Simple perturbation theory shows that the condition for stability is determined by when the ice vanishes in summer and hence the relative magnitudes of the summer heat flux over the ocean versus over the ice. This scenario is examined within the context of greenhouse gas warming, as a function of which stability conditions are discerned.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Approaches to modelling the shape of nanocrystals
Creators: name: Boukouvala, Christina
name: Daniel, Joshua
name: Ringe, Emilie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review
Nanoparticle shape
Wulff construction
Winterbottom construction
Shape modelling
Shape modelling tools

description: Abstract: Unlike in the bulk, at the nanoscale shape dictates properties. The imperative to understand and predict nanocrystal shape led to the development, over several decades, of a large number of mathematical models and, later, their software implementations. In this review, the various mathematical approaches used to model crystal shapes are first overviewed, from the century-old Wulff construction to the year-old (2020) approach to describe supported twinned nanocrystals, together with a discussion and disambiguation of the terminology. Then, the multitude of published software implementations of these Wulff-based shape models are described in detail, describing their technical aspects, advantages and limitations. Finally, a discussion of the scientific applications of shape models to either predict shape or use shape to deduce thermodynamic and/or kinetic parameters is offered, followed by a conclusion. This review provides a guide for scientists looking to model crystal shape in a field where ever-increasingly complex crystal shapes and compositions are required to fulfil the exciting promises of nanotechnology.
title: Caspar Adam Stenger
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Caspar Adam Stenger as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Stability of S-brane singular solutions and expansion of the universe
Creators: name: Mochizuki, Riuji
name: Ikegami, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate stability of single S-brane singular solutions obtained in our previous papers. A stable perturbative solution exists for each of them, while an unstable one exists only if the dilaton field does not depend on time. We apply these perturbative solutions to inflation and late-time acceleration of expansion of the universe.
description: 10 pages, no figures
The potential of gypsum speleothems for paleoclimatology: application to the Iberian Roman Humid Period
Creators: name: Gázquez, Fernando
name: Bauska, Thomas K.
name: Comas-Bru, Laia
name: Ghaleb, Bassam
name: Calaforra, José-María
name: Hodell, David A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/704/2151/209
/704/106/413
article

description: Abstract: Carbonate cave deposits (speleothems) have been used widely for paleoclimate reconstructions; however, few studies have examined the utility of other speleothem-forming minerals for this purpose. Here we demonstrate for the first time that stable isotopes (δ17O, δ18O and δD) of structurally-bound gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) hydration water (GHW) can be used to infer paleoclimate. Specifically, we used a 63 cm-long gypsum stalactite from Sima Blanca Cave to reconstruct the climate history of SE Spain from ~ 800 BCE to ~ 800 CE. The gypsum stalactite indicates wet conditions in the cave and humid climate from ~ 200 BCE to 100 CE, at the time of the Roman Empire apogee in Hispania. From ~ 100 CE to ~ 600 CE, evaporation in the cave increased in response to regional aridification that peaked at ~ 500–600 CE, roughly coinciding with the transition between the Iberian Roman Humid Period and the Migration Period. Our record agrees with most Mediterranean and Iberian paleoclimate archives, demonstrating that stable isotopes of GHW in subaerial gypsum speleothems are a useful tool for paleoclimate reconstructions.
Collective Motion and Phase Transitions of Symmetric Camphor Boats
Creators: name: Heisler, Eric
name: Suematsu, Nobuhiko J.
name: Awazu, Akinori
name: Nishimori, Hiraku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of several self-propelled boats in a narrow channel displays spontaneous pattern formation and kinetic phase transitions. In contrast with previous studies on self-propelled particles, this model does not require stochastic fluctuations and it is experimentally accessible. By varying the viscosity in the system, it is possible to form either a stationary state, correlated or uncorrelated oscillations, or unidirectional flow. Here, we describe and analyze these self organized patterns and their transitions.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Entropy increase during physical processes for black holes in Lanczos-Lovelock gravity
Creators: name: Kolekar, Sanved
name: Padmanabhan, T.
name: Sarkar, Sudipta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study quasi-stationary physical process for black holes within the context of Lanczos-Lovelock gravity. We show that the Wald entropy of stationary black holes in Lanczos-Lovelock gravity monotonically increases for quasi-stationary physical processes in which the horizon is perturbed by the accretion of positive energy matter and the black hole ultimately settles down to a stationary state. This result reinforces the physical interpretation of Wald entropy for Lanczos-Lovelock models and takes a step towards proving the analogue of the black hole area increase-theorem in a wider class of gravitational theories.
description: 5 pages, no figure
Improved curing performances of epoxy resin by a structure-controllable self-emulsifying curing agent
Creators: name: He, Long
name: Liu, Lei
name: Cao, Chang
name: Jiang, Feng
name: Xu, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Curing agent is one of the indispensable components in waterborne epoxy resin system. However, its applications are seriously limited by the inferior emulsifying performances. By introducing hydrophilic segment, the curing agent can well emulsify the epoxy resin latex and thus improves the mechanical strength of cured film. In the present work, a structure-controllable self-emulsifying epoxy curing agent containing polyether segments was synthesized and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectra. Then, effect of synthesis conditions on the performances of curing agent was studied, including the reactant ratio, reaction temperature and time. To improve the heat stability of curing agent and dispersion ability of epoxy resin latex, 5 wt% of HAc (to -NH) was applied as a neutralization agent. From the size of curing agent and epoxy resin latex measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), it is found that the polyether segment in the curing agent remarkably affects the self-emulsifying and emulsifying abilities. The curing kinetics of liquid epoxy resin (E-51) in the presence of curing agent was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the curing process of cured film was observed by light microscope. Compared with the commercial one, the curing agent exhibits better construction and mechanical properties, which indicates that it possesses great potentials in the application of architectural and industrial coatings.
Biology and pathology of the uterine microenvironment and its natural killer cells
Creators: name: Wang, Fuyan
name: Qualls, Anita Ellen
name: Marques-Fernandez, Laia
name: Colucci, Francesco
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Review Article
/631/250
/631/80
review-article
Natural killer cells
Uterine microenvironment
Pregnancy
Decidua
uNK

description: Abstract: Tissues are the new frontier of discoveries in immunology. Cells of the immune system are an integral part of tissue physiology and immunity. Determining how immune cells inhabit, housekeep, and defend gut, lung, brain, liver, uterus, and other organs helps revealing the intimate details of tissue physiology and may offer new therapeutic targets to treat pathologies. The uterine microenvironment modulates the development and function of innate lymphoid cells [ILC, largely represented by natural killer (NK) cells], macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells. These immune cells, in turn, contribute to tissue homeostasis. Regulated by ovarian hormones, the human uterine mucosa (endometrium) undergoes ~400 monthly cycles of breakdown and regeneration from menarche to menopause, with its fibroblasts, glands, blood vessels, and immune cells remodeling the tissue into the transient decidua. Even more transformative changes occur upon blastocyst implantation. Before the placenta is formed, the endometrial glands feed the embryo by histiotrophic nutrition while the uterine spiral arteries are stripped of their endothelial layer and smooth muscle actin. This arterial remodeling is carried out by invading fetal trophoblast and maternal immune cells, chiefly uterine NK (uNK) cells, which also assist fetal growth. The transformed arteries no longer respond to maternal stimuli and meet the increasing demands of the growing fetus. This review focuses on how the everchanging uterine microenvironment affects uNK cells and how uNK cells regulate homeostasis of the decidua, placenta development, and fetal growth. Determining these pathways will help understand the causes of major pregnancy complications.
Blockade of IL-11 Trans-Signaling or JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Ameliorates the Profibrotic Effect of IL-11
Creators: name: Ye, Wenjing
name: Wang, Qian
name: Zhao, Li
name: Wang, Changcheng
name: Zhang, Dandan
name: Zhou, Mengyu
name: Chen, Fangfang
name: Wang, Weiguo
name: Zhu, Zaihua
name: Guo, Wenyu
name: Liu, Yun
name: Zou, Hejian
name: Xue, Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare rheumatic disease characterized by vascular damage, dysregulated immune response, and fibrosis. Interleukin−11 (IL−11) is upregulated in SSc. This study aimed to investigate the pathological and therapeutic role of the IL−11 trans-signaling pathway in SSc. Plasma IL−11 level was evaluated in 32 patients with SSc and 15 healthy controls, while the expression levels of ADAM10, ADAM17, IL−11, IL−11 Rα, or IL−11 co-stained with CD3 or CD163 in the skin of SSc patients and healthy controls were analyzed. Fibroblasts were treated with IL−11 and ionomycin to evaluate the profibrotic effect of IL−11 trans-signaling pathway. TJ301 (sgp130Fc) and WP1066 (a JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor) intervention groups were set up to investigate the antifibrotic effect of targeting IL−11. Levels of plasma IL−11 were extremely low in most SSc patients and healthy controls. In contrast, levels of IL−11, IL−11 Rα, and ADAM10, but not ADAM17, were significantly elevated in the skin of SSc patients. Moreover, the numbers of IL−11+ CD3+ cells and IL−11+ CD163+ cells were increased in the skin of SSc patients. Besides, IL−11 and ADAM10 were also elevated in the skin and pulmonary of bleomycin-induced SSc mouse. Fibroblasts co-stimulated with IL−11 and ionomycin showed increased expression of COL3 and phosphorylation of STAT3, which could be inhibited by TJ301 or WP1066. TJ301 also ameliorated skin and lung fibrosis in BLM-induced SSc mouse. IL−11 induces fibrosis in SSc by regulating the trans-signaling pathway. Blockage of sgp130Fc or inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway could ameliorate the profibrotic effect of IL−11.
The shapes of Milky Way satellites: looking for signatures of tidal stirring
Creators: name: Lokas, Ewa L.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Kazantzidis, Stelios
name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Carlin, Jeffrey L.
name: Nidever, David L.
name: Moustakas, Leonidas A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the shapes of Milky Way satellites in the context of the tidal stirring scenario for the formation of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The standard procedures used to measure shapes involve smoothing and binning of data and thus may not be sufficient to detect structural properties like bars, which are usually subtle in low surface brightness systems. Taking advantage of the fact that in nearby dwarfs photometry of individual stars is available we introduce discrete measures of shape based on the two-dimensional inertia tensor and the Fourier bar mode. We apply these measures of shape first to a variety of simulated dwarf galaxies formed via tidal stirring of disks embedded in dark matter halos and orbiting the Milky Way. In addition to strong mass loss and randomization of stellar orbits, the disks undergo morphological transformation that typically involves the formation of a triaxial bar after the first pericenter passage. These tidally induced bars persist for a few Gyr before being shortened towards a more spherical shape if the tidal force is strong enough. We test this prediction by measuring in a similar way the shape of nearby dwarf galaxies, satellites of the Milky Way. We detect inner bars in Ursa Minor, Sagittarius, LMC and possibly Carina. In addition, six out of eleven studied dwarfs show elongated stellar distributions in the outer parts that may signify transition to tidal tails. We thus find the shapes of Milky Way satellites to be consistent with the predictions of the tidal stirring model.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
On the relation between kinetically constrained models of glass dynamics and the random first-order transition theory
Creators: name: Foini, Laura
name: Krzakala, Florent
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we revisit and extend the mapping between two apparently different classes of models. The first class contains the prototypical models described --at the mean-field level-- by the Random First Order Transition (RFOT) theory of the glass transition, called either "random XORSAT problem" (in the information theory community) or "diluted $p$-spin model" (in the spin glass community), undergoing a single-spin flip Glauber dynamics. The models in the second class are Kinetically Constrained Models (KCM): their Hamiltonian is that of independent spins in a constant magnetic field, hence their thermodynamics is completely trivial, but the dynamics is such that only groups of spin can flip together, thus implementing a kinetic constraint that induces a non-trivial dynamical behavior. A mapping between some representatives of these two classes has been known for long. Here we formally prove this mapping at the level of the master equation, and we apply it to the particular case of Bethe lattice models. This allows us to show that a RFOT model can be mapped exactly into a KCM. However, the natural order parameter for the RFOT model, namely the spin overlap, is mapped into a very complicated non-local function in the KCM. Therefore, if one were to study the KCM without knowing of the mapping onto the RFOT model, one would guess that its physics is quite different from the RFOT one. Our results instead suggest that these two apparently different descriptions of the glass transition are, at least in some case, closely related.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
De la servitude volontaire à la désobeissance civile : le point de rupture
Creators: name: Liebart Déborah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: servitude volontaire, desobeissance civile, point de rupture, domination de l'Etat, contrat social, liberté, vivre ensemble

description: En 1549, La Boétie rédige son célèbre Discours sur la servitude volontaire, - ici, comme un mécanisme particulier d’obéissance du plus grand nombre, « complice », renonçant à une partie de sa propre liberté-, et pose la question du consentement populaire à la domination de l’État.

Loin d’être surannée, cette question se pose avec force et interroge dans des sociétés où l’état d’urgence est devenu quotidien.

Quels mécanismes soutiennent cette servitude ? Pourquoi la masse l’accepte-t-elle ? Que se passe t-il si la foule renonce à consentir ?
Interpreting a 1 fb^-1 ATLAS Search in the Minimal Anomaly Mediated Supersymmetry Breaking Model
Creators: name: Allanach, B. C.
name: Khoo, T. J.
name: Sakurai, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent LHC data significantly extend the exclusion limits for supersymmetric particles, particularly in the jets plus missing transverse momentum channels. The most recent such data have so far been interpreted by the experiment in only two different supersymmetry breaking models: the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) and a simplified model with only squarks and gluinos and massless neutralinos. We compare kinematical distributions of supersymmetric signal events predicted by the CMSSM and anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking (mAMSB) before calculating exclusion limits in mAMSB. We obtain a lower limit of 900 GeV on squark and gluino masses at the 95% confidence level for the equal mass limit, tan(beta)=10 and mu>0.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures
MPEC 2023-X98 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Intrinsic time scale growth in a linear stochastic neural chain
Creators: name: Orientale Caputo, Carlo
name: Piasini, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: A model of stochastic neurons on a chain is solved analytically. Each neuron is defined by its own leak rate $\gamma_i$, noise strength $\sigma_i$ and synaptic strength $W_i$, that is the strength of the connection between neuron $i$ and $i-1$ on the chain. A recursive solution for the steady state covariance $C(t,t')$ is derived. Our main finding is that, in a linear stochastic feedforward chain, the intrinsic timescale of neural dynamics increases along the chain, when synaptic connections are sufficiently strong. This result supports the idea that feedforward computation can slow down neural dynamics within higher cortical hierarchies. This effect has been proposed to contribute to the emergence of invariant representations in higher-level visual areas.
Parallel and Perpendicular Susceptibility Above $T_{c}$ in La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ Single Crystals
Creators: name: Drachuck, Gil
name: Shay, Meni
name: Bazalitsky, Galina
name: Berger, Jorge
name: Keren, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report direction-dependent susceptibility and resistivity measurements on La$_{2-x}$Sr$_{x}$CuO$_{4}$ single crystals. These crystals have rectangular needle-like shapes with the crystallographic "c" direction parallel or perpendicular to the needle axis,which, in turn, is in the applied field direction. At optimal doping we find finite diamagnetic susceptibility above $T_{c}$, namely fluctuating superconductivity (FSC), only when the field is perpendicular to the planes. In underdoped samples we could find FSC in both field directions. We provide a phase diagram showing the FSC region, although it is sample dependent in the underdoped cases. The variations in the susceptibility data suggest a different origin for the FSC between underdoping (below 10%) and optimal doping. Finally, our data indicates that the spontaneous vortex diffusion constant above $T_c$ is anomalously high.
title: Philipp Karl Hammerer
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Philipp Karl Hammerer as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Christoph Ludolf von Hammerstein
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Christoph Ludolf von Hammerstein as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Validation of the UBC powered upper limb orthosis simulator
Creators: name: Sahebjavaher, Daryoush
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Paresis in the upper limb is a condition that leaves the users with flail or severely weakened arms, prohibiting them from being able to perform common everyday tasks such as reaching and grasping objects, eating, drinking, cooking, performing personal hygiene, etc. The UBC Powered Upper Limb Orthosis (UBC-PULO) is a wearable, highly-functional assistive device that supports and restores the functions necessary to one entire arm, enabling users to perform high-priority daily living tasks. Previous work towards achieving this goal has included: developing user specifications, identifying desired tasks and arm motions required to perform them, establishing design specifications and evaluation criteria, developing a control strategy along with hardware and software for the device, and completing the construction of an orthosis prototype with user control interfaces. Recently, a virtual reality simulation environment (VRSE) has been developed for the UBC-PULO which models the control system and electro-mechanical exoskeleton. The VRSE is a tool that can be used for optimization of the control system and testing current or new exoskeleton designs, and has the potential for screening and training of potential users but only if it properly mimics the real physical orthosis device. Therefore, the final objective of this research is to validate the VRSE against the physical prototype. The steps needed to achieve this final objective in the UBC-PULO project include reviewing the state of the current prototype, performing work to commission the device and interfaces, development and implementation of an experimental setup to allow for validation, development of representative control input parameters for proper simulation of the physical device, and testing to validate the VRSE against the physical prototype. The research work described in this thesis responds to these needs by performing a review of the current electrical and mechanical state of the prototype, proposing and implementing a range of design improvements necessary for commissioning the prototype system, development and implementation of a completely new electronic platform along with the necessary software, and performing tests to validate the VRSE.