cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Generating Charge from Diffeomorphisms
Creators: name: Hansen, James
name: Kraus, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We unravel some subtleties involving the definition of sphere angular momentum charges in AdS_q \times S^p spacetimes, or equivalently, R-symmetry charges in the dual boundary CFT. In the AdS_3 context, it is known that charges can be generated by coordinate transformations, even though the underlying theory is diffeomorphism invariant. This is the bulk version of spectral flow in the boundary CFT. We trace this behavior back to special properties of the p-form field strength supporting the solution, and derive the explicit formulas for angular momentum charges. This analysis also reveals the higher dimensional origin of three dimensional Chern-Simons terms and of chiral anomalies in the boundary theory.
description: 19 pages. V2: minor changes. V3: added references
Crowding at the Front of the Marathon Packs
Creators: name: Sabhapandit, Sanjib
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the crowding of near-extreme events in the time gaps between successive finishers in major international marathons. Naively, one might expect these gaps to become progressively larger for better-placing finishers. While such an increase does indeed occur from the middle of the finishing pack down to approximately 20th place, the gaps saturate for the first 10-20 finishers. We give a probabilistic account of this feature. However, the data suggests that the gaps have a weak maximum around the 10th place, a feature that seems to have a sociological origin.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; version 2: published manuscript with various changes in response to referee comments and some additional improvements
Quenched penguins and the Delta I=1/2 rule
Creators: name: Golterman, M.
name: Pallante, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transformation properties of strong penguin operators under the action of the flavor group change when they are considered as operators in (partially) quenched QCD instead of the unquenched theory. As a result, additional operators and new low-energy constants appear in the effective theory describing non-leptonic kaon decay matrix elements in the partially quenched setting. These new low-energy constants do not have a counterpart in the unquenched theory, and should thus be considered as an artifact of the quenched approximation. Here we consider strong penguin operators consisting of products of two left-handed flavor currents, and give a complete one-loop analysis in the effective theory for K^0 to vacuum and K^+ to pi^+ matrix elements. We find that the new low-energy constants already appear in these matrix elements at leading order. This implies that (partially) quenched lattice computations of for instance the Delta I=1/2 rule are affected by ambiguities intrinsic to the use of the quenched approximation at leading order. The only exception is the partially quenched case with three light sea quarks, consistent with general expectations. Our results are also relevant when the charm quark is kept in the theory.
description: 18 pages; footnote added with comment on hep-lat/0603025, appendix and other minor clarifications added
Deep Learning De-Noising Improves CT Perfusion Image Quality in the Setting of Lower Contrast Dosing: A Feasibility Study
Creators: name: Alger, Jeffry R
name: Mendoza, Steve
name: Wang, Danny J J
name: Azadbakht, Javid
name: Zamora, Carlos
name: Cen, Steven
name: Duddalwar, Vinay
name: Safwat, Ahmed
name: Peng, Ruiyue
name: Mossa-Basha, Mahmud
name: Pandhi, Tanya
name: Homen, Dean
name: Gnanasekaran, Dinesh Kumar
name: Zhu, Chengcheng
Publisher: name: American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR)
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Considering recent iodinated contrast shortages and a focus on reducing waste, developing protocols with lower contrast dosing while maintaining image quality through artificial intelligence is needed. This study compared reduced iodinated contrast media and standard dose CTP acquisitions, and the impact of deep learning denoising on CTP image quality in preclinical and clinical studies. The effect of reduced X-ray mAs dose was also investigated in preclinical studies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve swine underwent 9 CTP examinations each, performed at combinations of 3 different x-ray (37, 67, and 127 mAs) and iodinated contrast media doses (10, 15, and 20 mL). Clinical CTP acquisitions performed before and during the iodinated contrast media shortage and protocol change (from 40 to 30 mL) were retrospectively included. Eleven patients with reduced iodinated contrast media dosages and 11 propensity-score-matched controls with the standard iodinated contrast media dosages were included. A residual encoder-decoder convolutional neural network (RED-CNN) was trained for CTP denoising using k-space-weighted image average filtered CTP images as the target. The standard, RED-CNN-denoised, and k-space-weighted image average noise-filtered images for animal and human studies were compared for quantitative SNR and qualitative image evaluation.
RESULTS: The SNR of animal CTP images decreased with reductions in iodinated contrast media and milliampere-second doses. Contrast dose reduction had a greater effect on SNR than milliampere-second reduction. Noise-filtering by k-space-weighted image average and RED-CNN denoising progressively improved the SNR of CTP maps, with RED-CNN resulting in the highest SNR. The SNR of clinical CTP images was generally lower with a reduced iodinated contrast media dose, which was improved by the k-space-weighted image average and RED-CNN denoising (P < .05). Qualitative readings consistently rated RED-CNN denoised CTP as the best quality, followed by k-space-weighted image average and then standard CTP images.
CONCLUSIONS: Deep learning-denoising can improve image quality for low iodinated contrast media CTP protocols, and could approximate standard iodinated contrast media dose CTP, in addition to potentially improving image quality for low milliampere-second acquisitions.
2D Black Hole and Holographic Renormalization Group
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Satabhisa
name: Dasgupta, Tathagata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In hep-th/0311177, the Large $N$ renormalization group (RG) flows of a modified matrix quantum mechanics on a circle, capable of capturing effects of nonsingets, were shown to have fixed points with negative specific heat. The corresponding rescaling equation of the compactified matter field with respect to the RG scale, identified with the Liouville direction, is used to extract the two dimensional Euclidean black hole metric at the new type of fixed points. Interpreting the large $N$ RG flows as flow velocities in holographic RG in two dimensions, the flow equation of the matter field around the black hole fixed point is shown to be of the same form as the radial evolution equation of the appropriate bulk scalar coupled to 2D black hole.
description: 21 pages
Electrolytes in regimes of strong confinements: surface charge modulations, osmotic equilibrium and electroneutrality
Creators: name: Bakhshandeh, Amin
name: Segala, Maximiliano
name: Colla, Thiago
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we study an electrolyte solution confined between planar surfaces with nonopatterned charged domains, which has been connected to a bulk ionic reservoir. The system is investigated through an improved Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method, suitable for simulation of electrolytes in the presence of modulated surface charge distributions. We also employ a linear approach in the spirit of the classical Debye-Hückel approximation, which allows one to obtain explicit expressions for the averaged potentials, ionic profiles, effective surface interactions and the net ionic charge confined between the walls. Emphasis is placed in the limit of strongly confined electrolytes, in which case local electroneutrality in the inter-surface space might not be fulfilled. In order to access the effects of such lack of local charge neutrality on the ionic-induced interactions between surfaces with modulated charge domains, we consider two distinct model systems for the confined electrolyte: one in which a salt reservoir is explicitly taken into account {\it via} the osmotic equilibrium with an electrolyte of fixed bulk concentration, and a second one in which the equilibrium with a charge neutral ionic reservoir is implicitly considered. While in the former case the osmotic ionic exchange might lead to non-vanishing net charges, in the latter model charge neutrality is enforced through the appearance of an implicit Donnan potential across the charged interfaces. A strong dependence of the ionic-induced surface interactions in the employed model system is observed at all particle separations. These findings strongly suggest that due care is to be taken while choosing among different scenarios to describe the ionic exchanging in electrolytes confined between charged surfaces, even in cases when the monopole (non zero net charge) surface contributions are absent.
Intelligent Beam Optimization for Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy through Deep Learning
Creators: name: Ratnam, Mani
name: Li, Chen
name: Greenbaum, Alon
name: Cai, Yuheng
name: Ghashghaei, H. Troy
Publisher: name: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Year: 2024

description: Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) provides the benefit of optical sectioning coupled with rapid acquisition times, enabling high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging of large tissue-cleared samples. Inherent to LSFM, the quality of the imaging heavily relies on the characteristics of the illumination beam, which only illuminates a thin section of the sample. Therefore, substantial efforts are dedicated to identifying slender, nondiffracting beam profiles that yield uniform and high-contrast images. An ongoing debate concerns the identification of optimal illumination beams for different samples: Gaussian, Bessel, Airy patterns, and/or others. However, comparisons among different beam profiles are challenging as their optimization objectives are often different. Given that our large imaging datasets (approximately 0.5 TB of images per sample) are already analyzed using deep learning models, we envisioned a different approach to the problem by designing an illumination beam tailored to boost the performance of the deep learning model. We hypothesized that integrating the physical LSFM illumination model (after passing it through a variable phase mask) into the training of a cell detection network would achieve this goal. Here, we report that joint optimization continuously updates the phase mask and results in improved image quality for better cell detection. The efficacy of our method is demonstrated through both simulations and experiments that reveal substantial enhancements in imaging quality compared to the traditional Gaussian light sheet. We discuss how designing microscopy systems through a computational approach provides novel insights for advancing optical design that relies on deep learning models for the analysis of imaging datasets.
Asymmetric Spatiotemporal Evolution of Prebiotic Homochirality
Creators: name: Gleiser, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The role of asymmetry on the evolution of prebiotic homochirality is investigated in the context of autocatalytic polymerization reaction networks. A model featuring enantiometric cross-inhibition and chiral bias is used to study the diffusion equations controlling the spatiotemporal development of left and right-handed domains. Bounds on the chiral bias are obtained consistent with present-day constraints on the emergence of life on early Earth. The viability of biasing mechanisms such as weak neutral currents and circularly polarized UV light is discussed. The results can be applied to any hypothetical planetary platform.
description: Expanded version with added discussion, with 4 new figures and no modified results, in press in Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres. 12 pages in RevTeX
Strong increase in mortality attributable to ozone pollution under a climate change and demographic scenario
Creators: name: West, J Jason
name: Lelieveld, Jos
name: Georgoulias, Aristeidis K
name: Zanis, Prodromos
name: van Noije, Twan
name: Le Sager, Philippe
name: Keeble, James
name: Turnock, Steven
name: Zhou, Putian
name: Bacer, Sara
name: Akritidis, Dimitris
name: Naik, Vaishali
name: Pozzer, Andrea
name: Horowitz, Larry W
name: Chowdhury, Sourangsu
name: O’Connor, Fiona M
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing
Year: 2024

description: Long-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) is associated with excess respiratory mortality. Pollution emissions, demographic, and climate changes are expected to drive future ozone-related mortality. Here, we assess global mortality attributable to ozone according to an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenario applied in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models, projecting a temperature increase of about 3.6 °C by the end of the century. We estimated ozone-related mortality on a global scale up to 2090 following the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 approach, using bias-corrected simulations from three CMIP6 Earth System Models (ESMs) under the SSP3-7.0 emissions scenario. Based on the three ESMs simulations, global ozone-related mortality by 2090 will amount to 2.79 M [95% CI 0.97 M–5.23 M] to 3.12 M [95% CI 1.11 M–5.75 M] per year, approximately ninefold that of the 327 K [95% CI 103 K–652 K] deaths per year in 2000. Climate change alone may lead to an increase of ozone-related mortality in 2090 between 42 K [95% CI −37 K–122 K] and 217 K [95% CI 68 K–367 K] per year. Population growth and ageing are associated with an increase in global ozone-related mortality by a factor of 5.34, while the increase by ozone trends alone ranges between factors of 1.48 and 1.7. Ambient ozone pollution under the high-emissions SSP3-7.0 scenario is projected to become a significant human health risk factor. Yet, optimizing living conditions and healthcare standards worldwide to the optimal ones today (application of minimum baseline mortality rates) will help mitigate the adverse consequences associated with population growth and ageing, and ozone increases caused by pollution emissions and climate change.
Fe-bump instability: the excitation of pulsations in subdwarf B and other low-mass stars
Creators: name: Jeffery, C. S.
name: Saio, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the excitation of radial and non-radial oscillations in low-mass B stars by the iron-bump opacity mechanism. The results are significant for the interpretation of pulsations in subdwarf B stars, helium-rich subdwarfs and extreme helium stars, including the EC14026 and PG1716 variables. We demonstrate that, for radial oscillations, the driving mechanism becomes effective by increasing the contrast between the iron-bump opacity and the opacity from other sources. The location of the iron-bump instability boundary depends on the mean molecular weight in the envelope and also on the radial order of the oscillation. A bluer instability boundary is provided by increasing the iron abundance alone, explaining the observed EC14026 variables, and by higher radial order oscillations. We show that the coolest EC14026 variables may vary in the fundamental radial mode, but the hottest variables must be of higher radial order. In considering non-radial oscillations, we demonstrate that g-modes of high radial order and low spherical degree (l<4) may be excited in some blue horizontal branch stars with near-normal composition (Z=0.02). Additional iron enhancement extends the g-mode instability zone to higher effective temperatures and also creates a p-mode instability zone. With sufficient iron, the p-mode and g-mode instability zones overlap, allowing a small region where the EC14026 and PG1716-type variability can be excited simultaneously. However its location is roughly 5000 K too low compared with the observed boundary between EC14026 and PG1716 variables.
description: MNRAS, in press, 16 pages, 13 figures
A New Multi-Atlas Based Deep Learning Segmentation Framework With Differentiable Atlas Feature Warping
Creators: name: Yang, Jian
name: Wang, Jinda
name: Tang, Zhenyu
name: Liu, Huabing
name: Nie, Dong
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2024

description: Deep learning based multi-atlas segmentation (DL-MA) has achieved the state-of-the-art performance in many medical image segmentation tasks, e.g., brain parcellation. In DL-MA methods, atlas-target correspondence is the key for accurate segmentation. In most existing DL-MA methods, such correspondence is usually established using traditional or deep learning based registration methods at image level with no further feature level adaption. This could cause possible atlas-target feature inconsistency. As a result, the information from atlases often has limited positive and even counteractive impact on the final segmentation results. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose a new DL-MA framework, where a novel differentiable atlas feature warping module with a new smooth regularization term is presented to establish feature level atlas-target correspondence. Comparing with the existing DL-MA methods, in our framework, atlas features containing anatomical prior knowledge are more relevant to the target image feature, leading the final segmentation results to a high accuracy level. We evaluate our framework in the context of brain parcellation using two public MR brain image datasets: LPBA40 and NIREP-NA0. The experimental results demonstrate that our framework outperforms both traditional multi-atlas segmentation (MAS) and state-of-the-art DL-MA methods with statistical significance. Further ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed differentiable atlas feature warping module.
Reconstructed Density and Velocity Fields from the 2MASS Redshift Survey
Creators: name: Erdogdu, Pirin
name: Lahav, Ofer
name: Huchra, John P.
name: Colless, Matthew
name: Cutri, Roc M.
name: Falco, Emilio
name: George, Teddy
name: Jarrett, Thomas
name: Jones, D. Heath
name: Macri, Lucas M.
name: Mader, Jeff
name: Martimbeau, Nathalie
name: Pahre, Michael A.
name: Parker, Quentin A.
name: Rassat, Anais
name: Saunders, Will
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the reconstructed real-space density and the predicted velocity fields from the Two Mass Redshift Survey (2MRS). The 2MRS is the densest all-sky redshift survey to date and includes about 23,200 galaxies with extinction corrected magnitudes brighter than K = 11.25. Our method is based on the expansion of these fields in Fourier-Bessel functions. Within this framework, the linear redshift distortions only affect the density field in the radial direction and can easily be deconvolved using a distortion matrix. Moreover, in this coordinate system, the velocity field is related to the density field by a simple linear transformation. The shot noise errors in the reconstructions are suppressed by means of a Wiener filter which yields a minimum variance estimate of the density and velocity fields. Using the reconstructed real-space density fields, we identify all major superclusters and voids. At 50 Mpc/h, our reconstructed velocity field indicates a back-side infall to the Great Attractor region of vi = (491 +/- 200)(beta/0.5) km/sec in the Local Group frame and v = (64 +/- 205)(beta/0.5) km/sec in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) frame and beta is the redshift distortion parameter. The direction of the reconstructed dipole agrees well with the dipole derived by Erdogdu et al. (2006). The misalignment between the reconstructed 2MRS and the CMB dipoles drops to 13 degrees at around 5000 km/sec but then increases at larger distances. A version of this paper with high resolution figures can be obtained from http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzzpe
description: 21 pages. 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. The figures are coarsely resolved, a version of this paper with high resolution figures can be obtained from http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~ppzzpe
The Lop-sided Spiral Galaxy NGC 247: Clues to a Possible Interaction with NGC 253
Creators: name: Davidge, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations that span a broad range of wavelengths are used to examine asymmetries in the disk of the nearby late-type spiral galaxy NGC 247. The northern spiral arm is over-luminous at all wavelengths when compared with other parts of the galaxy at similar galactocentric radii, while the density of very luminous red stars in the void that is immediately south of this arm matches that in other parts of the disk at the same galactocentric radius. Two bubbles with spatial extents of many kpc are identified in the disk, and many of the young stars in the southern disk of NGC 247 are located in the walls of one of these structures. Dynamical age estimates of these bubbles coincide with the last large-scale star formation event in the nucleus, suggesting that there was large-scale star formation throughout the disk of NGC 247 a few hundred Myr in the past. Morphological similarities are seen with the classical lop-sided galaxy NGC 4027, and it is concluded that NGC 247 is a significantly lop-sided spiral galaxy. The void in the northern disk is then the area between the main body of the disk and the northern arm viewed in projection. The implications of a lop-sided morphology for NGC 247 in the context of interactions with its nearby starburst galaxy companion NGC 253 are discussed.
description: To appear in the Astronomical Journal
Enhancing solar disinfection (SODIS) with the photo-Fenton or the Fe2+/peroxymonosulfate-activation process in large-scale plastic bottles leads to toxicologically safe drinking water
Creators: name: Giannakis, Stefanos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401199
subject: Environmental engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Pre-proof versionSolar disinfection (SODIS) in 2-L bottles is a well-established drinking water treatment technique, suitable for rural, peri-urban, or isolated communities in tropical or sub-tropical climates. In this work, we assess the enlargement of the treatment volume by using cheap, large scale plastic vessels. The bactericidal performance of SODIS and two solar-Fe2+ based enhancements, namely photo-Fenton (light/H2O2/Fe2+) and peroxymonosulfate activation (light/PMS/Fe2+) were assessed in 19-L polycarbonate (PC) and 25-L polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, in ultrapure and real water matrices (tap water, lake Geneva water). Although SODIS always reached total (5-logU) inactivation, under solar light, enhancement by or both Fe2+/H2O2 or Fe2+/PMS was always beneficial and led to an increase in bacterial elimination kinetics, as high as 2-fold in PC and PET bottles with tap water for light/H2O2/Fe2+, and 8-fold in PET bottles with Lake Geneva water. The toxicological safety of the enhancements and their effects on the plastic container materials was assessed using the E-screen assay and the Ames test, after 1-day or 1-week exposure to SODIS, photo-Fenton and persulfate activation. Although the production of estrogenic compounds was observed, we report that no treatment method, duration of exposure or material resulted in estrogenicity risk for humans, and similarly, no mutagenicity risk was measured. In summary, we suggest that SODIS enhancement by either- or-based advanced oxidation process is a suitable enhancement of bacterial inactivation in large scale plastic bottles, without any associated toxicity risks.
Phase transitions in a conservative Game of Life
Creators: name: Vieira, Andre P.
name: Goles, Eric
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of a conservative version of Conway's Game of Life, in which a pair consisting of a dead and a living cell can switch their states following Conway's rules but only by swapping their positions, irrespective of their mutual distance. Our study is based on square-lattice simulations as well as a mean-field calculation. As the density of dead cells is increased, we identify a discontinuous phase transition between an inactive phase, in which the dynamics freezes after a finite time, and an active phase, in which the dynamics persists indefinitely in the thermodynamic limit. Further increasing the density of dead cells leads the system back to an inactive phase via a second transition, which is continuous on the square lattice but discontinuous in the mean-field limit.
description: To appear in Physical Review E
String loop corrected hypermultiplet moduli spaces
Creators: name: Robles-Llana, Daniel
name: Saueressig, Frank
name: Vandoren, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using constraints from supersymmetry and string perturbation theory, we determine the string loop corrections to the hypermultiplet moduli space of type II strings compactified on a generic Calabi-Yau threefold. The corresponding quaternion-Kahler manifolds are completely encoded in terms of a single function. The latter receives a one-loop correction and, using superspace techniques, we argue for the existence of a non-renormalization theorem excluding higher loop contributions.
description: 39 pages, no figures, minor corrections, published version
In silico-predicted dynamic oxlipidomics MS/MS library: High-throughput discovery and characterization of unknown oxidized lipids
Creators: name: Zhou, Zheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300602
subject: Food chemistry and food sensory science
classificationCode: 310201
subject: Bioinformatic methods development
classificationCode: 310205
subject: Proteomics and metabolomics

description:  Doxlipid software and code, as well as five libraries established for different samples.
THE ROLE OF PEDAGOGY IN TEACHING SPECIAL SUBJECTS
Creators: name: Urakova, Khabiba
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Currently, special attention is paid to education and upbringing of young people.  Education has always been the basis of society's development.  Because a person is at the center of all relationships and connections in society.  The revolution in science, technology and information makes a person and his scientific and educational potential a decisive factor of social and economic development.
A scoping review of current climate change and vector-borne disease literacy and implications for public health interventions
Creators: name: Zijlmans, Wilco
name: Lichtveld, Maureen
name: Shankar, Arti
name: Matlack, Meghan
name: Hindori-Mohangoo, Ashna
name: Covert, Hannah
name: Wahid, Firoz Abdoel
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Climate literacy assesses general understanding of climate, climate change, and its effects on the environment as well as human health. Despite vast scientific evidence to support climate change and its associated consequences, particularly with regards to vector-borne diseases, climate change knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors among the general population is relatively poor. In this study, we conducted a thorough review of the current literature to evaluate the scope of global climate and health literacy studies and identify key areas for improvement. We found that very few climate and health literacy studies were based in low- and middle-income countries, and those that were did not make mention of significant regional climate change impacts and specifically those that increase mosquito-borne disease transmission in high-risk areas. We also noted that of the twenty-three studies included in our final review, most focused their assessments on general climate and climate change knowledge, and not on literacy of the relationships between climate change and environmental impacts or subsequent health outcomes. Our findings make it clear that moving forward, there is a major need for climate and health literacy research to expand upon existing climate literature to include additional assessments of the relationships between certain climate change impacts and infectious diseases in particular, as well as to make available a more comprehensive overview of climate and health information to the public in the future.
Prediction of cognitive decline in older breast cancer survivors: the Thinking and Living with Cancer study
Creators: name: Small, Brent J
name: Ahn, Jaeil
name: Saykin, Andrew J
name: Mcdonald, Brenna C
name: Cohen, Harvey Jay
name: Root, James C
name: McDeed, Arthur Patrick
name: Carroll, Judith E
name: Zhai, Wanting
name: Mandelblatt, Jeanne S
name: Jim, Heather
name: Zhou, Xingtao
name: Rentscher, Kelly E
name: Bethea, Traci N
name: Ahles, Tim A
name: Patel, Sunita K
name: Nakamura, Zev M
name: Van Dyk, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: PURPOSE: Cancer survivors commonly report cognitive declines after cancer therapy. Due to the complex etiology of cancer-related cognitive decline (CRCD), predicting who will be at risk of CRCD remains a clinical challenge. We developed a model to predict breast cancer survivors who would experience CRCD after systematic treatment.
METHODS: We used the Thinking and Living with Cancer study, a large ongoing multisite prospective study of older breast cancer survivors with complete assessments pre-systemic therapy, 12 months and 24 months after initiation of systemic therapy. Cognition was measured using neuropsychological testing of attention, processing speed, and executive function (APE). CRCD was defined as a 0.25 SD (of observed changes from baseline to 12 months in matched controls) decline or greater in APE score from baseline to 12 months (transient) or persistent as a decline 0.25 SD or greater sustained to 24 months. We used machine learning approaches to predict CRCD using baseline demographics, tumor characteristics and treatment, genotypes, comorbidity, and self-reported physical, psychosocial, and cognitive function.
RESULTS: Thirty-two percent of survivors had transient cognitive decline, and 41% of these women experienced persistent decline. Prediction of CRCD was good: yielding an area under the curve of 0.75 and 0.79 for transient and persistent decline, respectively. Variables most informative in predicting CRCD included apolipoprotein E4 positivity, tumor HER2 positivity, obesity, cardiovascular comorbidities, more prescription medications, and higher baseline APE score.
CONCLUSIONS: Our proof-of-concept tool demonstrates our prediction models are potentially useful to predict risk of CRCD. Future research is needed to validate this approach for predicting CRCD in routine practice settings.
Plant and Controller Optimization for Power and Energy Systems with Model Predictive Control
Creators: name: Docimo, Donald J.
name: Kang, Ziliang
name: James, Kai A.
name: Alleyne, Andrew G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This article explores the optimization of plant characteristics and controller parameters for electrified mobility. Electrification of mobile transportation systems, such as automobiles and aircraft, presents the ability to improve key performance metrics such as efficiency and cost. However, the strong bidirectional coupling between electrical and thermal dynamics within new components creates integration challenges, increasing component degradation and reducing performance. Diminishing these issues requires novel plant designs and control strategies. The electrified mobility literature provides prior studies on plant and controller optimization, known as control co-design (CCD). A void within these studies is the lack of model predictive control (MPC), recognized to manage multi-domain dynamics for electrified systems, within CCD frameworks. This article addresses this through three contributions. First, a thermo-electro-mechanical hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) model is developed that is suitable for both plant optimization and MPC. Second, simultaneous plant and controller optimization is performed for this multi-domain system. Third, MPC is integrated within a CCD framework using the candidate HEV model. Results indicate that optimizing both the plant and MPC parameters simultaneously can reduce physical component sizes by over 60% and key performance metric errors by over 50%.
Infectious Bronchitis Virus (Gammacoronavirus) in Poultry: Genomic Architecture, Post-Translational Modifications, and Structural Motifs
Creators: name: Bhuiyan, Md Safiul Alam
name: Sarker, Subir
name: Amin, Zarina
name: Rodrigues, Kenneth Francis
name: Saallah, Suryani
name: Shaarani, Sharifudin Md
name: Siddiquee, Shafiquzzaman
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 300914
subject: Veterinary virology

description: Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus (CoV) that belongs to the genus Gammacoronavirus and has been listed as an important disease by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It causes highly contagious respiratory, reproductive, and renal diseases in commercial poultry farms. Multiple IBV serotypes and genotypes have been identified in many countries and many detected variants do not provide cross-protection against infection, resulting in repeated outbreaks and significant economic losses worldwide. In addition, the high genetic mutations and recombination events in the prominent genomic regions of IBV, particularly in the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, are directly involved in the evolutionary processes of IBV and lead to increased pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The characterization of the different genotypes and the relationship between the structure, function, post-translational modifications (PTMs), and structural motifs will elucidate the mechanisms that promote replication and pathogenicity and affect the host’s immune response during infection. In this review, we discuss the molecular features of various IBV genes and proteins that contribute to the infection process. We also highlight the common PTMs and structural motifs that occur during protein synthesis and are essential components of IBV ecology.
Lagrangian Floer theory on compact toric manifolds I
Creators: name: Fukaya, K.
name: Oh, Y. -G.
name: Ohta, H.
name: Ono, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D12, 53D40 (Primary); 14J45, 14J32 (Secondary)

description: The present authors introduced the notion of \emph{weakly unobstructed} Lagrangian submanifolds and constructed their \emph{potential function} $\mathfrak{PO}$ purely in terms of $A$-model data in [FOOO2]. In this paper, we carry out explicit calculations involving $\mathfrak{PO}$ on toric manifolds and study the relationship between this class of Lagrangian submanifolds with the earlier work of Givental [Gi1] which advocates that quantum cohomology ring is isomorphic to the Jacobian ring of a certain function, called the Landau-Ginzburg superpotential. Combining this study with the results from [FOOO2], we also apply the study to various examples to illustrate its implications to symplectic topology of Lagrangian fibers of toric manifolds. In particular we relate it to Hamiltonian displacement property of Lagrangian fibers and to Entov-Polterovich's symplectic quasi-states.
description: 84 pages, submitted version ; more examples and new results added, exposition polished, minor typos corrected; v3) to appear in Duke Math.J., Example 10.19 modified, citations from the book [FOOO2,3] updated accoding to the final version of [FOOO3] to be published
PySCNet: A tool for reconstructing and analyzing gene regulatory network from single-cell RNA-Seq data
Creators: name: Wu, Ming
name: Kristiyan Kanev
name: Roelli, Patrick
name: Zehn, Dietmar
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: The advanced capacities of high throughput single-cell technologies have facilitated a great understanding of cell behaviors during the process of its growth and expansion. Yet, using these data to establish causal relationships between genes and transcription factors at single cells resolved level remain a major challenge. Here we present PySCNet (https://github.com/MingBit/PySCNet), a python toolkit that enables reconstructing and analyzing gene regulatory network (GRN) from single-cell gene expression data. We applied this tool to the simulated data set and found that the power to predict high confident networks increases in the Automated Machine Learning (Auto-ML) and random forest classification methods.

As this project is still in-progress, more GRN methods and network-based algorithms will be updated in the near future.
The Celestial Overtones - The Music Of The Spheres
Creators: name: Kirjonen, Miikka Markus
name: Kirjonen, Miikka Markus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: planetary harmonics
neural coherence
planetary orbital periods
the Sun
fractal stroboscopic transformations
musical
notes
solar system
harmonic overtone
phase‐locking
stroboscopic transformation
geometric pattern
resonance
ractal sampling
phase-coupling
planets

description: The sun plays the role of the “leading note” in planetary harmonics. Planetary orbital periods—when appropriately scaled via fractal stroboscopic transformation—correspond to musical notes on a standard scale. The earth and each of the planets of the solar system revolving around the sun makes a musical note so low it cannot be heard by the human ear. The ancient epicycle models find a modern echo, where sound frequencies produce intricate, repeating geometric patterns. The tonnetz—a geometric representation of musical consonances—provides a visual analogy for the orbital harmonics.  By applying fractal stroboscopic transformations to these low-frequency cycles, orbital rhythms are translated into the audible domain, revealing ratio‐driven harmonies akin to those in music. Parallel to this, we propose that neural coherence in the brain—mediated in part by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—exhibits similar principles of protected phase coupling and fractal recursion. Our integrated approach demonstrates that both cosmic and neural phenomena emerge from protected phase–locking and recursive amplification of simple oscillatory modes, offering a fresh perspective on the unity underlying seemingly disparate scales of organization.

Furthermore, we develop a formalism in which overtones are generated by fractal recursion operators and phase‐locking dynamics, yielding robust coherence that underlies both cosmic phenomena and neural synchrony. This unified perspective challenges conventional views of separation and suggests that what we perceive as discrete matter and delayed signals are, in fact, manifestations of a deeper, continuously evolving resonant field. In this framework, the Sun is conceptualized as the "leading note" within a cosmic symphony, where planetary orbital periods resonate with musical notes on a standard scale. This innovative approach allows us to reinterpret the movements of celestial bodies as a harmonic series, akin to the way musical instruments produce sound through the vibration of strings or air columns.This mapping of planetary orbits onto musical scales reveals a structured relationship between celestial mechanics and harmonic resonance, suggesting that the cosmos operates under principles similar to those governing musical harmony. The implications of this relationship extend beyond mere analogy; they propose a deeper understanding of the universe as a vast wavefield where coherent patterns emerge from the interplay of harmonic resonance, fractal sampling, and phase-coupling. The Resonance Syncronization Model (RSM) posits that the solar system's dynamics can be comprehended as an overtone series generated by the Sun's fundamental frequency.
Children’s conceptualizations of attachment and caregiving
Creators: name: Head, Timothy L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A new measure, the Revised Permitting-Blocking Access Inventory (PBAR) was developed to assess patterns of young children's conceptualizations of their relationships with caregivers. It focuses on distress in the context of potential child-caregiver psychological separation. Each set of line drawings depicts a same-sex child in a concrete distress situation (e.g., hurt knee) with the mother, and separately, with the father. In each set of four drawings the parent is depicted as responding in one of four different ways: from sensitively permitting access, through mildly ignoring, to strongly ignoring, and finally, angrily blocking access. The child is first asked the general question, "which one is most like".the parent when the child is in that situation. Later, the same pictures are presented again/ with a more specific question intended to give the child a sense of permission to choose the less ideal categories. The participants in this study were 19 female and 23 male children (aged 5.0 to 7.0, mean 6.0) and their primary caregiver (38 mothers, 4 fathers). During a separation of over an hour, the parent was given the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), and, in the context, of a play session, the child did the PBAR. Together they then went through Crittenden's Preschool Assessment of Attachment (PAA), using a videotaped Strange Situation Procedure. A priori hypotheses about patterns-of PBAR responses identified 81% of the children who were securely versus insecurely attached to their primary caregiver on the PAA, based on the children's selections for the 28 child-parent and 3 child-teacher scenarios (drawings). Specificity, the ability to identify securely attached children, was 57%, and sensitivity, the ability to identify insecurely attached children, was 86%. With the child-teacher scenarios omitted, a priori hypotheses identified 83% of the children at the secure-insecure level. Moreover, specificity improved to 86%, whereas sensitivity dropped only slightly to 83%. In addition, with ad hoc, but rationally consistent, scoring changes, predictability improved to 95%. The PBAR identified three empirically distinguishable response styles, including a secure response style and two others common to the. main insecurely attached (A and C) groups of children.
Breast density knowledge and willingness to delay treatment for pre-operative breast cancer imaging among women with a personal history of breast cancer
Creators: name: Kerlikowske, Karla
name: Wernli, Karen J.
name: Smith, Rebecca E.
name: Onega, Tracy
name: Sprague, Brian L.
name: diFlorio-Alexander, Roberta M.
name: Henderson, Louise M.
name: Miglioretti, Diana L.
name: Tosteson, Anna N.A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Following a breast cancer diagnosis, it is uncertain whether women’s breast density knowledge influences their willingness to undergo pre-operative imaging to detect additional cancer in their breasts. We evaluated women’s breast density knowledge and their willingness to delay treatment for pre-operative testing. Methods We surveyed women identified in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium aged ≥ 18 years, with first breast cancer diagnosed within the prior 6–18 months, who had at least one breast density measurement within the 5 years prior to their diagnosis. We assessed women’s breast density knowledge and correlates of willingness to delay treatment for 6 or more weeks for pre-operative imaging via logistic regression. Results Survey participation was 28.3% (969/3,430). Seventy-two percent (469/647) of women with dense and 11% (34/322) with non-dense breasts correctly knew their density (p < 0.001); 69% (665/969) of all women knew dense breasts make it harder to detect cancers on a mammogram; and 29% (285/969) were willing to delay treatment ≥ 6 weeks to undergo pre-operative imaging. Willingness to delay treatment did not differ by self-reported density (OR:0.99 for non-dense vs. dense; 95%CI: 0.50–1.96). Treatment with chemotherapy was associated with less willingness to delay treatment (OR:0.67; 95%CI: 0.46–0.96). Having previously delayed breast cancer treatment more than 3 months was associated with an increased willingness to delay treatment for pre-operative imaging (OR:2.18; 95%CI: 1.26–3.77). Conclusions Understanding of personal breast density was not associated with willingness to delay treatment 6 or more weeks for pre-operative imaging, but aspects of a woman’s treatment experience were. ClinicalTrials.govNCT02980848 registered December 2, 2016.
Spatially Resolved Properties of Galaxies with a Kinematically Distinct Core
Creators: name: Omori, Kiyoaki Christopher
name: Takeuchi, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Interacting galaxies show unique irregularities in their kinematic structure. By investigating the spatially resolved kinematics and stellar population properties of galaxies that show irregularities, we can paint a detailed picture of the formation and evolutionary processes that took place during its lifetimes. Methods. In this work, we focus on galaxies with a specific kinematic irregularity, a kinematically distinct stellar core (KDC), in particular, counter-rotating galaxies where the core and main body of the galaxy are rotating in opposite directions. We visually identify eleven MaNGA galaxies with a KDC from their stellar kinematics, and investigate their spatially resolved stellar and gaseous kinematic properties, namely the two-dimensional stellar and gaseous velocity and velocity dispersion (σ) maps. Additionally, we examine the stellar population properties, as well as spatially resolved recent star formation histories using the Dn4000 and Hδ gradients. Results. The galaxies display multiple off-centred, symmetrical peaks in the stellar σ maps. The gaseous velocity and σ maps display regular properties. The stellar population properties and their respective gradients show differing properties depending on the results of the spatially resolved emission line diagnostics of the galaxies, with some galaxies showing inside-out quenching but others not. The star formation histories also largely differ based on the spatially resolved emission line diagnostics, but most galaxies show indications of recent star formation either in their outskirts or core. Conclusions. We find a distinct difference in kinematic and stellar population properties in galaxies with a counter-rotating stellar core, depending on its classification using spatially resolved emission line diagnostics.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, accepted in A&A