cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Neutrinos
Creators: name: Gaisser, Thomas K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the observation by IceCube of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, it is important to quantify the uncertainty in the background of atmospheric neutrinos. There are two sources of uncertainty, the imperfect knowledge of the spectrum and composition of the primary cosmic rays that produce the neutrinos and the limited understanding of hadron production, including charm, at high energy. This paper is an overview of both aspects.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. This paper is an expanded version of a paper of the same name to appear the Proceedings of TAUP 2015 in the Journal of Physics Conference series
D5.2: Communities of Practice Report #3 - Documentation of Events and Achievements
Creators: name: Wehbe, Marianne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This final report documents the activities of the five local Communities of Practice (CoP) and the DWC project CoP. The first section offers a retrospective of DWC and describes the CoPs operating, including their aims and goals. The second section reports and updates the activities carried out in the five local CoPs (i.e. DWC Berlin, DWC Copenhagen, DWC Milan, DWC Paris and DWC Sofia). Then, the events organized for the Intra-Project CoP throughout the action are documented. A third section presents an evaluation of the co-creation process of DWC and its CoPs. Finally, four annexes provide support information which has been shared with the CoP leaders to facilitate the setting up and operation of the CoPs.
Solar Module and Array Characterization under Partially Shaded Conditions at Low and Medium Level Illumination
Creators: name: Sridhar, N.
name: Freeman, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4197-4201
description: As the price of the solar module keeps decreasing and as the interest in integrating photovoltaics with
buildings is increasing, the number of urban installations is expected to go up such as building windows, public
transportation locations, for example, bus-stops and train stations. However, such installations will go through some
compromise, due to exposure of non-optimal conditions for at-least certain portions of the day or seasons of the year,
such as single and multiple module partial shading, dirt from rubber tires sticking onto the windows, low levels of
illumination such as homogeneous shading during some portion of the day, dynamic shading such as flag in a
neighboring building and possible reflections from neighboring buildings. Most of the work is done in an open and a
clean environment that is not exposed to such unpredictable and various field conditions. In such an urban setup, this
raises the importance of maximum power tracking. To understand this, however, it is therefore important to perform the
characterization under such non-optimal conditions.
Investigation of Spectral Factors of Various Kinds of PV Modules in Japan
Creators: name: Ishii, T.
name: Otani, K.
name: Takashima, T.
name: Xue, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4227-4231
description: The performance of PV modules is influenced by solar spectral distribution even under the same solar
irradiance conditions. Spectral Factor (SF) is a useful index indicating the ratio of available solar irradiance between
an actual solar spectrum and the standard AM1.5G spectrum. In this study, the influence of solar spectral distribution
on PV module performance is quantitatively evaluated as SF. In the cases of fine weather conditions, the SF suggests
that solar spectrum has little influence (within a few percent) on the performance of pc-Si, a-Si:H/sc-Si, and CIGS
modules. However, the performance of a-Si:H and the top layers of a-Si:H/μc-Si:H modules can vary by more than
±10 % under the extreme conditions in Japan. The variations in the SF of the bottom layers of the a-Si:H/μc-Si:H
modules are about several percent. In the cases of cloudy weather conditions, the SF of the pc-Si, a-Si:H/sc-Si, and
CIGS modules is slightly higher, indicating favorable solar spectrum for module performance, than that under fine
weather conditions. Much higher SF than that in fine weather is shown by the a-Si:H and top layers of the a-Si:H/μc-
Si:H modules. The SF of the bottom layers of the a-Si:H/μc-Si:H modules does not show a clear trend.
Jiamusi Pulsar Observations: I. Abnormal emission events of PSR B0919+06
Creators: name: Han, Jun
name: Han, J. L.
name: Peng, Ling-Xiang
name: Tang, De-Yu
name: Wang, Jun
name: Li, Jun-Qiang
name: Wang, Chen
name: Yu, Ye-Zhao
name: Dong, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR B0919+06 generally radiates radio pulses in a normal phase range. It has been known for its occasional perplexing abnormal emission events wherein individual pulses come to an earlier phase range for a few tens of periods and then returns to its usual phase. Heretofore, only a few such events have been available for study. We observed PSR B0919+06 for about 30 hours using the Jiamusi 66-m telescope at Jiamusi Deep Space Station at S-band, and detected 92 abnormal emission events. We identify four types of events based on the abrupted or gradual phase-shifting of individual pulses. The abnormal emission events are seen to occur randomly some every 1000 to 3000 periods, and they affect the leading edge of the mean profile by up to 2\% in amplitude. The abnormal emission events are probably related to gradual changes of emission processing in the pulsar magnetosphere.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures. MNRAS Published
Reaching a Kerf Loss Below 100 µm by Optimizing the Relation between Wire Thickness and Abrasive Size for Multi-Wire Sawing
Creators: name: Schumann, M.
name: Singh, M.
name: Orellana Pérez, T.
name: Riepe, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1222-1227
description: Multi-wire sawing is to date by far the most common method to produce wafers from crystallized
silicon bricks. A lot of research is undertaken to reduce the kerf to minimize the loss of silicon. In this paper we
present experiments in which we achieved a kerf loss of less than 100 μm. It was possible to cut wafers successfully
with a steel wire of 80 μm thickness and F600 silicon carbide particles. The wafers had industrial quality results for
surface and geometry. A problem that occurred was some scratches on the wire exit. With an 80 μm wire and
F2000/F1500 we could not cut wafers of desired quality. As a result of this investigation we conclude that to reduce
the kerf it is important to optimize the relation between the wire size and the abrasive size. In general it can be said
that for the use of thinner wires also smaller abrasives have to be used to obtain best wafer surfaces.
Uncertainty Transformation via Hopf Bifurcation in Fast-Slow Systems
Creators: name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation of uncertainty in dynamical systems is a significant challenge. Here we focus on random multiscale ordinary differential equation models. In particular, we study Hopf bifurcation in the fast subsystem for random initial conditions. We show that a random initial condition distribution can be transformed during the passage near a delayed/dynamic Hopf bifurcation: (I) to certain classes of symmetric copies, (II) to an almost deterministic output, (III) to a mixture distribution with differing moments, and (IV) to a very restricted class of general distributions. We prove under which conditions the cases (I)-(IV) occur in certain classes vector fields.
description: 19 pages, 5 figure, preprint version; comments and suggestions welcome!
Lexicase Selection at Scale
Creators: name: Ding, Li
name: Boldi, Ryan
name: Helmuth, Thomas
name: Spector, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lexicase selection is a semantic-aware parent selection method, which assesses individual test cases in a randomly-shuffled data stream. It has demonstrated success in multiple research areas including genetic programming, genetic algorithms, and more recently symbolic regression and deep learning. One potential drawback of lexicase selection and its variants is that the selection procedure requires evaluating training cases in a single data stream, making it difficult to handle tasks where the evaluation is computationally heavy or the dataset is large-scale, e.g., deep learning. In this work, we investigate how the weighted shuffle methods can be employed to improve the efficiency of lexicase selection. We propose a novel method, fast lexicase selection, which incorporates lexicase selection and weighted shuffle with partial evaluation. Experiments on both classic genetic programming and deep learning tasks indicate that the proposed method can significantly reduce the number of evaluation steps needed for lexicase selection to select an individual, improving its efficiency while maintaining the performance.
Asymptotic theory of path spaces of graded graphs and its applications
Creators: name: Vershik, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A20, 28C10, 46L05, 05C65

description: The survey covers several topics related to the asymptotic structure of various combinatorial and analytic objects such as the path spaces in graded graphs (Bratteli diagrams), invariant measures with respect to countable groups, etc. The main subject is the asymptotic structure of filtrations and a new notion of standardness. All graded graphs and all filtrations of Borel or measure spaces can be divided into two classes: the standard ones, which have a regular behavior at infinity, and the other ones. Depending on this property, the list of invariant measures can either be well parameterized or have no good parametrization at all. One of the main results is a general standardness criterion for filtrations. We consider some old and new examples which illustrate the usefulness of this point of view and the breadth of its applications.
description: 85 pp. Ref 73
Mechanical Characterization of Wafer Equivalent Substrate Materials from Alternative Silicon Feedstock
Creators: name: Orellana Pérez, T.
name: Schmid, C.
name: Riepe, S.
name: Möller, H.J.
name: Reber, S.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1228-1233
description: The epitaxial wafer equivalent concept promises to reduce the cost for photovoltaic conversion. For
this purpose, less expensive substrate silicon materials are used as a mechanical support for the epitaxial cell. In the
presented paper the mechanical strength of different substrate materials was researched. The investigation of
mechanical strength was performed depending on the relative ingot height in order to investigate the influence of
contaminants and dopants segregation. The materials were tested with the ring on ring bending test. To interpret the
results optical microscopy an impurity concentration measurements were done on selected wafers. It could be shown
that impurities and dopants have a strong influence on the final material microstructure and thus on the mechanical
strength. An increase in mechanical strength was found in certain parts of a highly Boron doped mc-Si block. Upgraded
metallurgical Silicon showed less mechanical strength than industrial standard mc-Si. The quantity and the
distribution of metallic impurities, mainly Aluminium, had a decisive influence on the mechanical strength of upgraded
metallurgical Silicon.
Pegasus IV: Discovery and Spectroscopic Confirmation of an Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxy in the Constellation Pegasus
Creators: name: Cerny, W.
name: Simon, J.D.
name: Li, T.S.
name: Drlica-Wagner, A.
name: Pace, A.B.
name: Martínez-Vázquez, C.E.
name: Riley, A.H.
name: Mutlu-Pakdil, B.
name: Mau, S.
name: Ferguson, P.S.
name: Erkal, D.
name: Munoz, R.R.
name: Bom, C.R.
name: Carlin, J.L.
name: Carollo, D.
name: Choi, Y.
name: Ji, A.P.
name: Manwadkar, V.
name: Martínez-Delgado, D.
name: Miller, A.E.
name: Noël, N.E.D.
name: Sakowska, J.D.
name: Sand, D.J.
name: Stringfellow, G.S.
name: Tollerud, E.J.
name: Vivas, A.K.
name: Carballo-Bello, J.A.
name: Hernandez-Lang, D.
name: James, D.J.
name: Nidever, D.L.
name: Nilo Castellon, J.L.
name: Olsen, K.A.G.
name: Zenteno, A.
Publisher: name: London : Institute of Physics Publ.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Milky-Way satellites
subject: RR Lyrae stars
subject: large-magellanic-cloud
subject: exploring Halo substructure
subject: dark matter annihilation
subject: 520

description: We report the discovery of Pegasus IV, an ultra-faint dwarf galaxy found in archival data from the Dark Energy Camera processed by the DECam Local Volume Exploration Survey. Pegasus IV is a compact, ultra-faint stellar system (r1 2 = 41-+68 pc; MV = −4.25 ± 0.2 mag) located at a heliocentric distance of 90-+64 kpc. Based on spectra of seven nonvariable member stars observed with Magellan/IMACS, we confidently resolve Pegasus IV’s velocity dispersion, measuring sv = 3.3-+1.11.7 km s−1 (after excluding three velocity outliers); this implies a mass-to-light ratio of M1 2 LV,1 2 = 167-+99224M☉ L☉ for the system. From the five stars with the highest signal-to-noise spectra, we also measure a systemic metallicity of [Fe/H] =-2.63-+0.300.26 dex, making Pegasus IV one of the most metal-poor ultra-faint dwarfs. We tentatively resolve a nonzero metallicity dispersion for the system. These measurements provide strong evidence that Pegasus IV is a dark-matter-dominated dwarf galaxy, rather than a star cluster. We measure Pegasus IV’s proper motion using data from Gaia Early Data Release 3, finding (μα*, μδ) = (0.33 ± 0.07, −0.21 ± 0.08) mas yr−1. When combined with our measured systemic velocity, this proper motion suggests that Pegasus IV is on an elliptical, retrograde orbit, and is currently near its orbital apocenter. Lastly, we identify three potential RR Lyrae variable stars within Pegasus IV, including one candidate member located more than 10 half-light radii away from the system’s centroid. The discovery of yet another ultra-faint dwarf galaxy strongly suggests that the census of Milky Way satellites is still incomplete, even within 100 kpc.
A Multicrystal Model for the Viscoplastic Deformation of Silicon at High Temperature
Creators: name: Cochard, J.
name: Gouttebroze, S.
name: Dumoulin, S.
name: M'Hamdi, M.
name: Zhang, Z.L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1919-1923
description: The ability to predict the build-up of residual stresses in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) materials during their processing is of utmost importance to assess possible fracture risks and guarantee the final product quality. The conventional mechanical models for the behaviour of mc-Si at high temperatures consider the material as homogeneous and deformed in single slip only. This approach neglects the inter- and intragranular hardening mechanisms that are typical of polycrystals. This paper introduces an advanced constitutive model for silicon single crystals and highlights its prominent features. It is then applied to the simulation of a tensile test of a multicrystalline aggregate. The results point towards highly heterogeneous deformation and stress fields in the specimen and confirm the need of such a mechanical model for the study of mc-Si.
Molecular hydrodynamics from memory kernels
Creators: name: Lesnicki, Dominika
name: Vuilleumier, Rodolphe
name: Carof, Antoine
name: Rotenberg, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The memory kernel for a tagged particle in a fluid, computed from molecular dynamics simulations, decays algebraically as $t^{-3/2}$. We show how the hydrodynamic Basset-Boussinesq force naturally emerges from this long-time tail and generalize the concept of hydrodynamic added mass. This mass term is negative in the present case of a molecular solute, at odds with incompressible hydrodynamics predictions. We finally discuss the various contributions to the friction, the associated time scales and the cross-over between the molecular and hydrodynamic regimes upon increasing the solute radius.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Virtual ALMA Tour in VRChat: A Whole New Experience
Creators: name: Hiramatsu, Masaaki
name: S_Asagiri
name: Amano, Stella. G.
name: Takanashi, Naohiro
name: Kawagoe, Shio K.
name: Kamegai, Kazuhisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many forefront observatories are located in remote areas and are difficult to visit, and the global pandemic made visits even harder. Several virtual tours have been executed on YouTube or Facebook Live, however, it is difficult to feel a sense of immersion and these are far from the actual experience of visiting a site. To solve this problem, we pursued an astronomy outreach event on the virtual reality social platform VRChat. To provide an experience similar to visiting the site, we performed a virtual tour of the ALMA Observatory in VRChat guided by an ALMA staff member. 47 guests participated in the tour. The post-event survey showed that the overall lecture and guided tour were very positively accepted by the participants. Respondents answered that the communication in the VRChat was more intensive than in other online outreach events or on-site public talks. The ratio of respondents who answered that they were able to communicate well with the guide was higher for those who used head mounted displays than for those who participated in other ways. 40 answered that the tour increased their interest in astronomy, and this did not show a clear difference depending on how they participated. In the free descriptions in the responses, there were noticeable mentions of the physical sensations received from the realistic 3D space, which left a positive and strong impression on the participants. The responses show that VRChat has the potential to be a strong tool for astronomy communication in the pandemic and post-pandemic eras.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Proposal of a New Standard for the Spectral Match Classification of Solar Simulators
Creators: name: Fakhfouri, V.
name: Pelet, Y.
name: Roux, J.
name: Droz, C.
name: Peguiron, N.
name: Beljean, P.-R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4209-4211
description: According to the current standards, a class A solar simulator requires a spectral match with ratios
within ±25% to the AM1.5 reference spectral distribution for six defined 100- or 200-nm-wide wavelength intervals.
The concern of this article is related to the criteria applied for the determination of the spectral match rating,
especially regarding the currently best class evaluation. Here, a new standard based on 50-nm-wide wavelength
intervals is proposed. It highlights the important spectral mismatches in the ranges of importance for PV devices.
Typical spectral mismatch factors for a standard class A and a class A+ (PASAN) spectra are estimated. The results
show a total mismatch which is about 10 times better than for a standard class A. Considering the important
uncertainties related to the determination of this factor, this is an important advantage when the spectral response is
unknown or difficult to be determined precisely.
Erratum: "On the Use of Field RR Lyrae as Galactic Probes. V. Optical and Radial Velocity Curve Templates" (2021, ApJ, 919, 85)
Creators: name: Braga, V.F.
name: Crestani, J.
name: Fabrizio, M.
name: Bono, G.
name: Sneden, C.
name: Preston, G.W.
name: Storm, J.
name: Kamann, S.
name: Latour, M.
name: Lala, H.
name: Lemasle, B.
name: Prudil, Z.
name: Altavilla, G.
name: Chaboyer, B.
name: Dall’Ora, M.
name: Ferraro, I.
name: Gilligan, C.K.
name: Fiorentino, G.
name: Iannicola, G.
name: Inno, L.
name: Kwak, S.
name: Marengo, M.
name: Marinoni, S.
name: Marrese, P.M.
name: Martínez-Vázquez, C.E.
name: Monelli, M.
name: Mullen, J.P.
name: Matsunaga, N.
name: Neeley, J.
name: Stetson, P.B.
name: Valenti, E.
name: Zoccali, M.
Publisher: name: London : Institute of Physics Publ.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 520

description: [no abstract available]
Optical Properties of Silica Spheres Deposited on Silicondioxide/Silicon Structures
Creators: name: Cardenas, J.F.
name: Boström, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 369-370
description: Silica spheres with a diameter of about 1, 2, and 5 μm, deposited on SiO2/Si structures, has been
characterized using reflectivity measurements. The reflectivity as a function of wavelength of light for the 5 μm
particles reveal spectral features that are nearly identical to those of the reference structure (i.e. the bare SiO 2/Si
structure). However, for the 2 and, in particularly, the 1 μm particles there is evidence that the reflectivity features are
influenced by the resonant interaction of light with the dielectric microcavities as concluded from Mie scattering
calculations. The reason for the absence of resonance features for the 5 μm particles is probably due to the fact that
the coherence length of white light is not long enough to establish so called whispering galley modes within the
particles.
Classification of blow-up limits for the sinh-Gordon equation
Creators: name: Jevnikar, Aleks
name: Wei, Juncheng
name: Yang, Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of this paper is to use a selection process and a careful study of the interaction of bubbling solutions to show a classification result for the blow-up values of the elliptic sinh-Gordon equation $$Δu+h_1e^u-h_2e^{-u}=0 \quad \mathrm{in}~B_1\subset\mathbb{R}^2.$$ In particular we get that the blow-up values are multiple of $8π.$ It generalizes the result of Jost, Wang, Ye and Zhou \cite{jwyz} where the extra assumption $h_1 = h_2$ is crucially used.
Defect Diagnostics for Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Solar Cells
Creators: name: Naumann, V.
name: Werner, M.
name: Swatek, S.
name: Hagendorf, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 378-380
description: New methods for high-resolution electro-optical, electron and ion beam based tools for defect
diagnostics are of major importance for quality control and process monitoring in industrial scale thin film solar
cell production. In the present work electro-optical methods like Lock-in Thermography (LIT) are applied for the
detection of defects, e.g. shunts and recombination active regions, in PV thin film systems. For the “in situ”-
defect localization in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurements
are an appropriate tool, which allows the application of SEM methods for elemental and material analysis on nm
scale. Furthermore, examples are presented which demonstrate target preparation using focused ion beam
technology (FIB) for root cause analysis within the multilayer stack. For microscopic defects at thin film cells
and at laser scribed interconnects the local electric properties have been measured using four point probing with
micro tips. Advanced preparation methods have been applied for the electrical insulation and contacting on a μmscale.
In particular, the use of ion erosion has been found to be highly useful for the well defined insulation of
thin film layers. Thus, the local resistance of individual shunts as well as local I-V-characteristics has been
determined.
Inward transport of comets as a source of habitable zone dust
Creators: name: Rigley, Jessica Kathryn
name: Wyatt, Mark C
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Warm exozodiacal dust clouds (known as exozodis) reside in the habitable zones of stars, and provide an opportunity to study the inner planetary system. An understanding of exozodis is also crucial to the detection of Earth-like planets, as they will obscure the habitable zones of stars. The presence of this dust has been found to correlate with exo–Kuiper belts, suggesting its origin lies further out in the planetary system. I will present a numerical model for the habitable zone dust produced by the inward transport of comets, which spontaneously fragment to produce dust. Dynamical simulations are used to follow comets as they are scattered inwards by interactions with planets. We follow individual comets as they undergo recurrent splitting events and produce dust, whose evolution is followed with a kinetic model that includes the effects of collisional evolution, Poynting-Robertson drag, and radiation pressure. With physically-motivated free parameters, this model is able to reproduce the size and spatial distribution of dust seen in the zodiacal cloud. Having tuned the model parameters to the Solar System, it can be applied to exoplanetary systems. I will apply the model to the exozodi around eta Corvi, which has exceedingly high levels of habitable zone dust that are difficult to explain. I will show whether exocomets can supply enough dust to sustain its exozodi and match the observed distribution of dust. The model also allows us to find observational signatures of exocomets in the habitable zones of other stars, which could indicate cometary bombardment and hint at the habitability of any planets present.
Untangling the Sources of Abundance Dispersion in Low-metallicity Stars
Creators: name: Griffith, Emily J.
name: Johnson, Jennifer A.
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Ilyin, Ilya
name: Johnson, James W.
name: Rodriguez-Martinez, Romy
name: Strassmeier, Klaus G.
Publisher: name: London : Institute of Physics Publ.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 520

description: We measure abundances of 12 elements (Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in a sample of 86 metal-poor (−2 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ −1) subgiant stars in the solar neighborhood. Abundances are derived from high-resolution spectra taken with the Potsdam Echelle Polarimetric and Spectroscopic Instrument on the Large Binocular Telescope, modeled using iSpec and MOOG. By carefully quantifying the impact of photon-noise (<0.05 dex for all elements), we robustly measure the intrinsic scatter of abundance ratios. At fixed [Fe/H], the rms intrinsic scatter in [X/Fe] ranges from 0.04 (Cr) to 0.16 dex (Na), with a median of 0.08 dex. Scatter in [X/Mg] is similar, and accounting for [α/Fe] only reduces the overall scatter moderately. We consider several possible origins of the intrinsic scatter with particular attention to fluctuations in the relative enrichment by core-collapse supernovae (CCSN) and Type Ia supernovae and stochastic sampling of the CCSN progenitor mass distribution. The stochastic sampling scenario provides a good quantitative explanation of our data if the effective number of CCSN contributing to the enrichment of a typical sample star is N ∼ 50. At the median metallicity of our sample, this interpretation implies that the CCSN ejecta are mixed over a gas mass ∼6 × 104 M ⊙ before forming stars. The scatter of elemental abundance ratios is a powerful diagnostic test for simulations of star formation, feedback, and gas mixing in the early phases of the Galaxy.
Robustness of optic-fiber-based weak value amplification against amplitude-type noise
Creators: name: Wang, Han
name: Huang, Jingzheng
name: Huang, Chaozheng
name: Li, Hongjing
name: Zeng, Guihua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments based on free space platform have demonstrated that the weak value amplification (WVA) technique can provide high sensitivity and precision for optical sensing and metrology. To promote this technique for real-world applications, it is more suitable to implement WVA based on optical fiber platform due to the lower cost, smaller scale and higher stability. In contrast to the free space platform, the birefringence in optical fiber is strong enough to cause polarization cross talk, and the amplitude-type noise must be taken into account. By theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration, we show that the optic-fiber-based WVA is robust in presence of amplitude-type noise. In our experiment, even the angular misalignment on optical axes at the interface reaches 0.08rad, the sensitivity loss can be maintained less than 3dB. Moreover, the main results are valid to a simplified detection scheme that recently proposed, which is more compatible with the future design of optical-fiber based WVA. Our results indicate the feasibility of implementing WVA based on optical fiber, which provide a possible way for designing optical sensors with higher sensitivity and stability in the future.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures. Published on Applied Optics
Exploration of Spin-down Rate of Neutron Star in High Mass X-ray Binaries
Creators: name: Dai, Hai-Lang
name: Liu, Xi-Wei
name: Li, Xiang-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the evolutionary population synthesis method to investigate the statistical properties of the wind-fed neutron star (NS) compact ($P_{\rm orb}<10$ days) high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) in our Galaxy, based on different spin-down models. We find that the spin-down rate in the supersonic propeller phase given \textbf{by assuming that the surrounding material is treated as forming a quasi-static atmosphere} or \textbf{by assuming that the characteristic velocity of matter and the typical Alfv$\acute{e}$n velocity of material in the magnetospheric boundary layer are comparable to the sound speed in the external medium} is too low to produce the observed number of compact HMXBs. We also find that the models suggested \textbf{by assuming that the infalling material is ejected with the corotation velocity at the magnetospheric radius when the magnetospheric radius is larger than the corotation radius} and \textbf{by simple integration of the magnetic torque over the magnetosphere} with a larger spin-down rate than that given by \citet{dav81} or \citet{is75} can predict a reasonable number of observed wind-fed NS compact HMXBs. Our calculated results indicate that subsonic propeller phase may not exist at all by comparing with the observed particular distributions of wind-fed NS compact HMXBs in the $P_s-P_{orb}$ diagram. However, the spin-down rate suggested by \citet{wan85,dai06,jia05} and that given by \citet{dav73} both seem reasonable to produce the observed distribution of wind-fed NS compact HMXBs in the $P_s-P_{orb}$ diagram. We cannot find which spin-down rate seems more reasonable from our calculations.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, To appear in MNRAS
Application of Laser Doping Technique to Bulk and Thin Film Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Ogane, A.
name: Hirata, K.
name: Horiuchi, K.
name: Kitiyanan, A.
name: Uraoka, Y.
name: Fuyuki, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1929-1932
description: Laser doping technique has a lot of advantages suitable for low cost processing of high efficiency silicon solar cells. Until now, many researches have been carried out on the laser doping for bulk singlecrystalline silicon solar cells, however, it is more important to apply the laser doping technique to multicrystalline silicon solar cells for industrial utility and the effect of laser doping onto grains with different orientations or onto grain boundaries is still unclear. In this study, we tried to apply the laser doping method to the fabrication process of multicrystalline silicon solar cells using the laser with 355-nm wavelength. The multicrystalline silicon solar cells with laser doped emitter certainly showed the diode characteristics and photovoltaic performance but with somehow decreased Voc and FF compared with conventional thermal diffusion method. The surface analysis proved there were damaged areas formed by laser irradiation which caused the shunting of p-n junction or high sheet resistance of emitter layer. Also laser doping technique was applied to the emitter formation of polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cell and primitive photovoltaic result was obtained.
A universal mechanism generating clusters of differentiated loci during divergence-with-migration
Creators: name: Rafajlovic, M.
name: Emanuelsson, A.
name: Johannesson, K.
name: Butlin, R. K.
name: Mehlig, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genome-wide patterns of genetic divergence reveal mechanisms of adaptation under gene flow. Empirical data show that divergence is mostly concentrated in narrow genomic regions. This pattern may arise because differentiated loci protect nearby mutations from gene flow, but recent theory suggests this mechanism is insufficient to explain the emergence of concentrated differentiation during biologically realistic timescales. Critically, earlier theory neglects an inevitable consequence of genetic drift: stochastic loss of local genomic divergence. Here we demonstrate that the rate of stochastic loss of weak local differentiation increases with recombination distance to a strongly diverged locus and, above a critical recombination distance, local loss is faster than local `gain' of new differentiation. Under high migration and weak selection this critical recombination distance is much smaller than the total recombination distance of the genomic region under selection. Consequently, divergence between populations increases by net gain of new differentiation within the critical recombination distance, resulting in tightly-linked clusters of divergence. The mechanism responsible is the balance between stochastic loss and gain of weak local differentiation, a mechanism acting universally throughout the genome. Our results will help to explain empirical observations and lead to novel predictions regarding changes in genomic architectures during adaptive divergence.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, supplementary material
Modelling the Depletion-Region Recombination Current with the Idealized Model of Sah, Noyce, and Shockley
Creators: name: Abenante, L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
Fundamental Studies

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 399-400
description: We show that the idealized model of Sah, Noyce, and Shockley (SNS) for junction space-charge region
(JSCR) allows modeling a JSCR as an electrically «transparent» region with low surface recombination velocity.
The «transparent»-JSCR model is checked experimentally by using a two-exponential model for current and an
iterative calculation procedure, both of which have been reported elesewhere, to fit I-V curves measured in the dark
and under illumination.
New Spatial Resolved Inline Lifetime Metrology on Multicrystalline Silicon for PV
Creators: name: Dornich, K.
name: Schüler, N.
name: Mittelstraß, D.
name: Krause, A.
name: Gründig-Wendrock, B.
name: Niemietz, K.
name: Niklas, J.R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Manufacturing Issues

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1106-1108
description: Non-destructive measurements of minority carrier lifetime are well established and widely used for process
control and characterization of defects in crystalline silicon. In this paper the novel method MDP (microwave detected
photoconductivity) will be introduced to the field of contact less inline metrology. It enables to map the minority carrier lifetime
with a so far unsurpassed combination of spatial resolution, sensitivity and measurement speed. New inline metrology
tools for high resolution maps of wafers or even ingots will be presented, along with measurement results of long time studies.
Correlations with shunts and other crystallographic defects demonstrate the potential of these tools, e.g. investigation of
passivation homogeneity, statistical monitoring and process control or monitoring of furnace properties.
An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems
Creators: name: Heath, Robert W.
name: Gonzalez-Prelcic, Nuria
name: Rangan, Sundeep
name: Roh, Wonil
name: Sayeed, Akbar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Communication at millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies is defining a new era of wireless communication. The mmWave band offers higher bandwidth communication channels versus those presently used in commercial wireless systems. The applications of mmWave are immense: wireless local and personal area networks in the unlicensed band, 5G cellular systems, not to mention vehicular area networks, ad hoc networks, and wearables. Signal processing is critical for enabling the next generation of mmWave communication. Due to the use of large antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver, combined with radio frequency and mixed signal power constraints, new multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication signal processing techniques are needed. Because of the wide bandwidths, low complexity transceiver algorithms become important. There are opportunities to exploit techniques like compressed sensing for channel estimation and beamforming. This article provides an overview of signal processing challenges in mmWave wireless systems, with an emphasis on those faced by using MIMO communication at higher carrier frequencies.
description: Submitted to IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing
Influence of Feedstock on c-Si Module Cost
Creators: name: Del Coso, G.
name: Del Cañizo, C.
name: Sinke, W.C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1215-1218
description: This paper analyzes the impact of solar silicon feedstock alternatives on the wafer-based crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) module cost. As the impact of feedstock affects the whole manufacturing chain of a PV
technology, its technological steps need to be defined. This is done with a number of roadmap scenarios that have
been defined in the CrystalClear project. Advanced Basepower is defined as the reference technology, developed in
a high throughput plant (300-500 MWp/a) which is built now with state-of-the-art technology, and ready to operate
in 2011. Six more advanced technologies, two multicrystalline, two monocrystalline, one ribbon technology, and one
wafer-equivalent technology are also defined. Regarding Advanced Basepower technology, the cost advantage of
using low-cost feedstock (10€/kg) instead of high-cost feedstock (30€/kg) is lost if the cell efficiency is reduced, due
to quality degradation, by an absolute 1.7%.
Existence and multiplicity results for a class of coupled quasilinear elliptic systems of gradient type
Creators: name: Candela, Anna Maria
name: Salvatore, Addolorata
name: Sportelli, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J50, 35J92, 47J30, 58E05

description: The aim of this paper is investigating the existence of one or more weak solutions of the coupled quasilinear elliptic system of gradient type \[ (P)\qquad \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} - {\rm div} (A(x, u)\vert\nabla u\vert^{p_1 -2} \nabla u) + \frac{1}{p_1}A_u (x, u)\vert\nabla u\vert^{p_1} = G_u(x, u, v) &\hbox{ in $Ω$,}\\[5pt] - {\rm div} (B(x, v)\vert\nabla v\vert^{p_2 -2} \nabla v) +\frac{1}{p_2}B_v(x, v)\vert\nabla v\vert^{p_2} = G_v\left(x, u, v\right) &\hbox{ in $Ω$,}\\[5pt] u = v = 0 &\hbox{ on $\partialΩ$,} \end{array} \right. \] where $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is an open bounded domain, $p_1$, $p_2 > 1$ and $A(x,u)$, $B(x,v)$ are $\mathcal{C}^1$-Carathéodory functions on $Ω\times \mathbb{R}$ with partial derivatives $A_u(x,u)$, respectively $B_v(x,v)$, while $G_u(x,u,v)$, $G_v(x,u,v)$ are given Carathéodory maps defined on $Ω\times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}$ which are partial derivatives of a function $G(x,u,v)$. We prove that, even if the coefficients make the variational approach more difficult, under suitable hypotheses functional $\cal{J}$, related to problem $(P)$, admits at least one critical point in the ''right'' Banach space $X$. Moreover, if $\cal{J}$ is even, then $(P)$ has infinitely many weak bounded solutions. The proof, which exploits the interaction between two different norms, is based on a weak version of the Cerami-Palais-Smale condition, a ''good'' decomposition of the Banach space $X$ and suitable generalizations of the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz Mountain Pass Theorems.
A Search for short-period Rocky Planets around WDs with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS)
Creators: name: Sandhaus, P. H.
name: Debes, J. H.
name: Ely, J.
name: Hines, D. C.
name: Bourque, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for transiting habitable exoplanets has broadened to include several types of stars that are smaller than the Sun in an attempt to increase the observed transit depth and hence the atmospheric signal of the planet. Of all spectral types, white dwarfs are the most favorable for this type of investigation. The fraction of white dwarfs that possess close-in rocky planets is unknown, but several large angle stellar surveys have the photometric precision and cadence to discover at least one if they are common. Ultraviolet observations of white dwarfs may allow for detection of molecular oxygen or ozone in the atmosphere of a terrestrial planet. We use archival Hubble Space Telescope data from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph to search for transiting rocky planets around UV-bright white dwarfs. In the process, we discovered unusual variability in the pulsating white dwarf GD 133, which shows slow sinusoidal variations in the UV. While we detect no planets around our small sample of targets, we do place stringent limits on the possibility of transiting planets, down to sub-lunar radii. We also point out that non-transiting small planets in thermal equilibrium are detectable around hotter white dwarfs through infrared excesses, and identify two candidates.
description: 42 pages, 17 figures, accepted to ApJ
Module Spectral Response Measurements Using Large Flashers
Creators: name: Beljean, P.-R.
name: Roux, J.
name: Pelet, Y.
name: Droz, C.
name: Peguiron, N.
name: Fakhfouri, V.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4212-4214
description: The spectral response (SR) of solar modules is one of the key parameters for an accurate testing when using
various simulators, since it is needed to calculate the spectral mismatch factor. Besides this, the SR is used to predict module
power production throughout the day, also when the air mass is different from the standard AM 1.5. This paper describes the
design and the implementation of passband interferential filters into actual Pasan flashers, as well as achievements using this
design for module SR evaluation.
Electroluminescence Imaging for Detection of Power Losses in Solder Contacts between Busbar and Interconnect in Solar Cells
Creators: name: Gazuz, V.
name: Buerhop-Lutz, C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4219-4222
description: The contact between busbar and interconnect in soldered solar cells or modules can be defective and causes losses due to
series resistances. Interruption occurs during production in the soldering process or e.g by thermo-mechanical stress or
corrosion. The missing of several solder joints between busbar and connection ribbon causes increase of the total solar
cell’s series resistance and eventually decreases the efficiency of the whole solar module. Detection of missing solder
joints with conventional methods using mechanical and optical checking is a quite complex task. We present an
application of electroluminescence (EL) imaging for a quick quantitative and qualitative analysis of power losses in the
busbar- interconnect system of cells and modules. The measurement can be calibrated by an analytical simulation of the
line scan.