cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Particle-fluid-structure interaction for debris flow impact on flexible barriers
Creators: name: Leonardi, Alessandro
name: Wittel, Falk K.
name: Mendoza, Miller
name: Vetter, Roman
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flexible barriers are increasingly used for the protection from debris flow in mountainous terrain due to their low cost and environmental impact. However, a numerical tool for rational design of such structures is still missing. In this work, a hybrid computational framework is presented, using a total Lagrangian formulation of the Finite Element Method (FEM) to represent a flexible barrier. The actions exerted on the structure by a debris flow are obtained from simultaneous simulations of the flow of a fluid-grain mixture, using two conveniently coupled solvers: the Discrete Element Method (DEM) governs the motion of the grains, while the free-surface non-Newtonian fluid phase is solved using the Lattice-Boltzmann Method (LBM). Simulations on realistic geometries show the dependence of the momentum transfer on the barrier on the composition of the debris flow, challenging typical assumptions made during the design process today. In particular, we demonstrate that both grains and fluid contribute in a non-negligible way to the momentum transfer. Moreover, we show how the flexibility of the barrier reduces its vulnerability to structural collapse, and how the stress is distributed on its fabric, highlighting potential weak points.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures
Deformed Cohomology of Flag Varieties
Creators: name: Pechenik, Oliver
name: Searles, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14M15, 14N15

description: This paper introduces a two-parameter deformation of the cohomology of generalized flag varieties. One special case is the Belkale-Kumar deformation (used to study eigencones of Lie groups). Another picks out intersections of Schubert varieties that behave nicely under projections. Our construction yields a new proof that the Belkale-Kumar product is well-defined. This proof is shorter and more elementary than earlier proofs.
description: 6 pages
A New Window to Tidal Asteroseismology: Non-linearly Excited Stellar Eigenmodes and the Period Spacing Pattern in KOI-54
Creators: name: Guo, Zhao
name: Ogilvie, Gordon I.
name: Li, Gang
name: Townsend, Richard H. D.
name: Sun, Meng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the Tidally Excited Oscillations (TEOs) in the A-type, main-sequence, eccentric binary KOI-54, the prototype of heartbeat stars. Although the linear tidal response of the star is a series of orbital-harmonic frequencies which are not stellar eigenfrequencies, we show that the non-linearly excited non-orbital-harmonic TEOs are eigenmodes. By carefully choosing the modes which satisfy the mode-coupling selection rules, a period spacing ($ΔP$) pattern of quadrupole gravity modes ($ΔP \approx 2520-2535$ sec) can be discerned in the Fourier spectrum, with a detection significance level of $99.9\%$. The inferred period spacing value agrees remarkably well with the theoretical $l=2,m=0$ g modes from a stellar model with the measured mass, radius and effective temperature. We also find that the two largest-amplitude TEOs at $N=90, 91$ harmonics are very close to resonance with $l=2,m=0$ eigenmodes, and likely come from different stars. Previous works on tidal oscillations primarily focus on the modeling of TEO amplitudes and phases, the high sensitivity of TEO amplitude to the frequency detuning (tidal forcing frequency minus the closest stellar eigenfrequency) requires extremely dense grids of stellar models and prevents us from constraining the stellar physical parameters easily. This work, however, opens the window of real tidal asteroseismology by using the eigenfrequencies of the star inferred from the non-linear TEOs and possibly very-close-to-resonance linear TEOs. Our seismic modeling of these identified eigen g-modes shows that the best-matching stellar models have ($M \approx 2.20, 2.35 M_{\odot}$) and super-solar metallicity, in good agreement with previous measurements.
description: MNRAS Accepted, comments welcome
Ausblick: Von ORCID DE zum PID Network
Creators: name: Pampel, Heinz
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2022
Subjects: ORCID
ROR
Network
PID
Open Science
Persistent Identifier
Autorenidentifikation
Netzwerk
Vernetzung
Verknüpfung

description: 6. ORCID DE Workshop zu ORCID, ; doi:10.5281/ZENODO.6521477
description: Was ist die weitere Vision für persistente Identifier (DE) in Deutschland? Mit dieser Frage schloss der 6. ORCID DE Workshop zu ORCID in erweiterten Kontexten am 04. Mai 2022.
Major depressive disorder is characterized by greater reward network activation to monetary than pleasant image rewards
Creators: name: Rittenberg, Alison
name: Smoski, Moria J.
name: Dichter, Gabriel S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Anhedonia, the loss of interest or pleasure in normally rewarding activities, is a hallmark feature of unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). A growing body of literature has identified frontostriatal dysfunction during reward anticipation and outcomes in MDD. However, no study to date has directly compared responses to different types of rewards such as pleasant images and monetary rewards in MDD. To investigate the neural responses to monetary and pleasant image rewards in MDD, a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task was used during fMRI scanning to assess neural responses during anticipation and receipt of monetary and pleasant image rewards. Participants included nine adults with MDD and thirteen affectively healthy controls. The MDD group showed lower activation than controls when anticipating monetary rewards in right orbitofrontal cortex and subcallosal cortex, and when anticipating pleasant image rewards in paracingulate and supplementary motor cortex. The MDD group had relatively greater activation in right putamen when anticipating monetary versus pleasant image rewards, relative to the control group. Results suggest reduced reward network activation in MDD when anticipating rewards, as well as relatively greater hypoactivation to pleasant image than monetary rewards.
Cooperation and Storage Tradeoffs in Power-Grids with Renewable Energy Resources
Creators: name: Lakshminarayana, Subhash
name: Quek, Tony Q. S.
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: One of the most important challenges in smart grid systems is the integration of renewable energy resources into its design. In this work, two different techniques to mitigate the time varying and intermittent nature of renewable energy generation are considered. The first one is the use of storage, which smooths out the fluctuations in the renewable energy generation across time. The second technique is the concept of distributed generation combined with cooperation by exchanging energy among the distributed sources. This technique averages out the variation in energy production across space. This paper analyzes the trade-off between these two techniques. The problem is formulated as a stochastic optimization problem with the objective of minimizing the time average cost of energy exchange within the grid. First, an analytical model of the optimal cost is provided by investigating the steady state of the system for some specific scenarios. Then, an algorithm to solve the cost minimization problem using the technique of Lyapunov optimization is developed and results for the performance of the algorithm are provided. These results show that in the presence of limited storage devices, the grid can benefit greatly from cooperation, whereas in the presence of large storage capacity, cooperation does not yield much benefit. Further, it is observed that most of the gains from cooperation can be obtained by exchanging energy only among a few energy harvesting sources.
Study of multiplicity dependent J/Psi and Psi(2S) production in p+p collisions at PHENIX
Creators: name: Oh, JongHo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: wwnd23
phenix
p+p
J/Ψ
multiplicity
pythia
star
alice

description: Talk presented at the Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics 2023 conference
Morphometric analysis of subcortical structures in progressive supranuclear palsy: In vivo evidence of neostriatal and mesencephalic atrophy
Creators: name: Looi, Jeffrey C.L.
name: Velakoulis, Dennis
name: Nilsson, Christer
name: Macfarlane, Matthew D.
name: van Westen, Danielle
name: Lätt, Jimmy
name: Styner, Martin
name: Walterfang, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by gait and postural disturbance, gaze palsy, apathy, decreased verbal fluency and dysexecutive symptoms, with some of these clinical features potentially having origins in degeneration of frontostriatal circuits and the mesencephalon. This hypothesis was investigated by manual segmentation of the caudate and putamen on MRI scans, using previously published protocols, in 15 subjects with PSP and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Midbrain atrophy was assessed by measurement of mid-sagittal area of the midbrain and pons. Shape analysis of the caudate and putamen was performed using spherical harmonics (SPHARM-PDM, University of North Carolina). The sagittal pons area/midbrain area ratio (P/M ratio) was significantly higher in the PSP group, consistent with previous findings. Significantly smaller striatal volumes were found in the PSP group – putamina were 10% smaller and caudate volumes were 17% smaller than in controls after controlling for age and intracranial volume. Shape analysis revealed significant shape deflation in PSP in the striatum, compared to controls; with regionally significant change relevant to frontostriatal and corticostriatal circuits in the caudate. Thus, in a clinically diagnosed and biomarker-confirmed cohort with early PSP, we demonstrate that neostriatal volume and shape are significantly reduced in vivo. The findings suggest a neostriatal and mesencephalic structural basis for the clinical features of PSP leading to frontostriatal and mesocortical-striatal circuit disruption.
On the robustness of the velocity anisotropy parameter in probing the stellar kinematics in Milky Way like galaxies: Take away from TNG50 simulation
Creators: name: Emami, Razieh
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Shen, Xuejian
name: Speagle, Joshua S.
name: Moreno, Jorge
name: Alcock, Charles
name: Genel, Shy
name: Forbes, John C.
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Torrey, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the velocity anisotropy of stars in real and energy space for a sample of Milky Way-like galaxies in the TNG50 simulation. We employ different selection criteria, including spatial, kinematic and metallicity cuts, and make three halo classes ($\mathcal{A}$-$\mathcal{C}$) which show mild-to-strong sensitivity to different selections. The above classes cover 48%, 16% and 36% of halos, respectively. We analyze the $β$ radial profiles and divide them into either monotonically increasing radial profiles or ones with peaks and troughs. We demonstrate that halos with monotonically increasing $β$ profiles are mostly from class $\mathcal{A}$, whilst those with peaks/troughs are part of classes $\mathcal{B}$-$\mathcal{C}$. This means that care must be taken as the observationally reported peaks/troughs might be a consequence of different selection criteria. We infer the anisotropy parameter $β$ energy space and compare that against the $β$ radial profile. It is seen that 65% of halos with very mild sensitivity to different selections in real space, are those for which the $β$ radial and energy profiles are closely related. Consequently, we propose that comparing the $β$ radial and energy profiles might be a novel way to examine the sensitivity to different selection criteria and thus examining the robustness of the anisotropy parameter in tracing stellar kinematics. We compare simulated $β$ radial profiles against various observations and demonstrate that, in most cases, the model diversity is comparable with the error bars from different observations, meaning that the TNG50 models are in good overall agreement with observations.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Shape alterations in the striatum in chorea-acanthocytosis
Creators: name: Evans, Andrew
name: Looi, Jeffrey Chee Leong
name: Walker, Ruth H.
name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Kotschet, Katya
name: Rodrigues, Guilherme R.
name: Velakoulis, Dennis
name: Hughes, Andrew
name: Styner, Martin
name: Walterfang, Mark
name: Danek, Adrian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is an uncommon autosomal recessive disorder due to mutations of the VPS13A gene, which encodes for the membrane protein chorein. ChAc presents with progressive limb and orobuccal chorea, but there is often a marked dysexecutive syndrome. ChAc may first present with neuropsychiatric disturbance such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), suggesting a particular role for disruption to striatal structures involved in non-motor frontostriatal loops, such as the head of the caudate nucleus. Two previous studies have suggested a marked reduction in volume in the caudate nucleus and putamen, but did not examine morphometric change.
Differences in subcortical structures in young adolescents at familial risk for schizophrenia: A preliminary study
Creators: name: Gu, Hongbin
name: Bizzell, Joshua
name: Ramsey, Stacy
name: Gerig, Guido
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Dougherty, Michael K.
name: Belger, Aysenil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Schizophrenia has been associated with reduced volumes of subcortical structures on MRI, but the relation of these reductions to familial risk for the disorder is unclear. We investigated the effect of familial risk for schizophrenia on regional subcortical volumes during adolescence, a period marked by steep maturational changes in brain structure and the emergence of psychotic symptoms. A group of 26 non-help-seeking, first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and 43 matched healthy comparisons, between 9 and 18 years of age, underwent MRI scanning and were rated for the presence of prodromal symptoms. Five subcortical regions-of-interest were tested for group differences and group by age interactions, as well as correlations with low-level prodromal symptoms in the familial risk group. Relative to comparisons, familial risk subjects demonstrated greater positive volume-age relationships in hippocampus, putamen, and globus pallidus. These results suggest that relatives of individuals with schizophrenia exhibit structural abnormalities in the subcortex as early as pre-adolescence, which may reflect altered neurodevelopment of these regions.
Reducing Basis Mismatch in Harmonic Signal Recovery via Alternating Convex Search
Creators: name: Nichols, Jonathan M.
name: Oh, Albert K.
name: Willett, Rebecca M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The theory behind compressive sampling pre-supposes that a given sequence of observations may be exactly represented by a linear combination of a small number of basis vectors. In practice, however, even small deviations from an exact signal model can result in dramatic increases in estimation error; this is the so-called "basis mismatch" problem. This work provides one possible solution to this problem in the form of an iterative, biconvex search algorithm. The approach uses standard $\ell_1$-minimization to find the signal model coefficients followed by a maximum likelihood estimate of the signal model. The algorithm is illustrated on harmonic signals of varying sparsity and outperforms the current state-of-the-art.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, IEEE Signal Processing Letters (Aug. 2014), in press
Baikov representations, intersection theory, and canonical Feynman integrals
Creators: name: Chen, Jiaqi
name: Jiang, Xuhang
name: Ma, Chichuan
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Yang, Li Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of canonical differential equations is an important tool in the calculation of Feynman integrals in quantum field theories. It has been realized that the canonical bases are closely related to $d$-dimensional $d\log$-form integrands. In this work, we introduce the concept of generalized loop-by-loop Baikov representation, and clarify its relation and difference with Feynman integrals using the language of intersection theory. We then utilize the generalized Baikov representation to construct $d$-dimensional $d\log$-form integrands, and discuss how to convert them to Feynman integrals. We describe the technical details of our method, in particular how to deal with the difficulties encountered in the construction procedure. Our method provides a constructive approach to the problem of finding canonical bases of Feynman integrals, and we demonstrate its applicability to complicated scattering amplitudes involving multiple physical scales.
description: v2: published version in JHEP
A Model Approach for Yield-Zone-Specific Cost Estimation of Greenhouse Gas Mitigation by Nitrogen Fertilizer Reduction
Creators: name: Karatay, Yusuf Nadi
name: Meyer-Aurich, Andreas
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: reactive nitrogen
subject: yield response function
subject: normalization
subject: comparative advantage
subject: GHG abatement
subject: 630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Nitrogen use in agriculture has been intensified to feed the growing world population, which led to concerns on environmental harms, including greenhouse gas emissions. A reduction in nitrogen fertilization can abate greenhouse gas emissions, however, it may result in crop yield penalties and, accordingly, income loss. Assessment tools are necessary to understand the dynamics of nitrogen management issues both in environmental and economic aspects and both at low and high aggregation levels. Our study presents a model approach, estimating yield-zone-specific costs of greenhouse gas mitigation by moderate reduction of mineral nitrogen fertilizer application. Comparative advantages of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions by nitrogen fertilizer reduction were simulated for five yield-zones with different soil fertility in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. The results suggest that differences in yield response to nitrogen fertilizer lead to considerable differences in greenhouse gas mitigation costs. Overall cost-efficiency of a regional greenhouse gas mitigation by nitrogen fertilizer reduction can be substantially improved, if crop and yield-zone-specific yield responses are taken into account. The output of this study shall help to design cost-efficient agro-environmental policies targeting with specific crop yield response functions at different sites.
Variability Analysis of Complex Networks Measures based on Stochastic Distances
Creators: name: Cabral, Raquel
name: Frery, Alejandro
name: Ramírez, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex networks can model the structure and dynamics of different types of systems. It has been shown that they are characterized by a set of measures. In this work, we evaluate the variability of complex networks measures face to perturbations and, for this purpose, we impose controlled perturbations and quantify their effect. We analyze theoretical models (random, small-world and scale-free) and real networks (a collaboration network and a metabolic networks) along with the shortest path length, vertex degree, local cluster coefficient and betweenness centrality measures. In such analysis, we propose the use of three stochastic quantifiers: the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Jensen-Shannon and Hellinger distances. The sensitivity of these measures was analyzed with respect to the following perturbations: edge addition, edge removal, edge rewiring and node removal, all of them applied at different intensities. The results reveal that the evaluated measures are influenced by these perturbations. Additionally, hypotheses tests were performed to verify the behavior of the degree distribution to identify the intensity of the perturbations that leads to break this property.
An elliptical accretion disk following the tidal disruption event AT 2020zso
Creators: name: Wevers, T.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Guolo, M.
name: Charalampopoulos, P.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Reynolds, T. M.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Leloudas, G.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Arcavi, I.
name: Cannizzaro, G.
name: Chen, T. W.
name: Ihanec, N.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Gutiérrez, C. P.
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Lawrence, A.
name: Magee, M. R.
name: Müller-Bravo, T. E.
name: Onori, F.
name: Ridley, E.
name: Schulze, S.
name: Short, P.
name: Hiramatsu, D.
name: Newsome, M.
name: Terwel, J. H.
name: Yang, S.
name: Young, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We classify AT 2020zso as a TDE based on the blackbody evolution inferred from UV/optical photometric observations, and spectral line content and evolution. We identify transient, double-peaked Bowen (N III), He I, He II and Halpha emission lines. We model medium resolution optical spectroscopy of the He II (after careful deblending of the N III contribution) and Halpha lines during the rise, peak and early decline of the light curve using relativistic, elliptical accretion disk models. We find that the spectral evolution before peak can be explained by optical depth effects consistent with an outflowing, optically thick Eddington envelope. Around peak the envelope reaches its maximum extent (approximately 10^15 or 3000-6000 gravitational radii for an inferred black hole mass of 5-10 10^5) and becomes optically thin. The Halpha and He II emission lines at and after peak can be reproduced with a highly inclined (i=85+-5 degrees), highly elliptical (e=0.97+-0.01) and relatively compact (Rin = several 100 Rg and Rout = several 1000 Rg ) accretion disk. Overall, the line profiles suggest a highly elliptical geometry for the new accretion flow, consistent with theoretical expectations of newly formed TDE disks. We quantitatively confirm, for the first time, the high inclination nature of a Bowen (and X-ray dim) TDE, consistent with the unification picture of TDEs where the inclination largely determines the observational appearance. Rapid line profile variations rule out the binary SMBH hypothesis as the origin of the eccentricity; these results thus provide a direct link between a TDE in an AGN and the eccentric accretion disk. We illustrate for the first time how optical spectroscopy can be used to constrain the black hole spin, through (the lack of) disk precession signatures (changes in inferred inclination) - and rule out high black hole spin values (a < 0.8).
description: 20 pages, 15 figures and 5 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A. The spectra will be made publicly available through WISErep
Altered fronto–limbic activity in children and adolescents with familial high risk for schizophrenia
Creators: name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: McMahon, Mary Agnes
name: Hart, Sarah J.
name: Bizzell, Joshua
name: Gu, Hongbin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Early symptoms of schizophrenia tend to emerge during adolescence, which is a critical period for development of executive and emotional processing. While individuals with familial high risk (FHR) for schizophrenia may show cognitive and emotional changes, the neural mechanisms underlying the development of these changes remain unclear. The goal of this study was to identify functional differences in fronto-striato-limbic regions in children with FHR. Functional MRI data was collected from 21 children with a first-degree family member with schizophrenia and 21 controls without FHR. Participants performed an emotional oddball task requiring both selective attention and suppression of task-irrelevant emotional information. During selective attention, the group with FHR showed enhanced activation in inferior frontal gyrus and caudate, with decreases in middle frontal gyrus and insular activation. The FHR group also showed greater age-related recruitment of anterior cingulate, temporal and occipital cortical areas during selective attention. During emotional processing, the FHR group showed decreased anterior cingulate activation, with decreased age-related recruitment of inferior frontal, parietal and occipital areas. The results suggest that FHR for schizophrenia may be associated with abnormal hyperactivation and hypoactivation of the neural circuitry engaged during executive and emotional processing and with age-related changes in neural recruitment during adolescence.
A Similarity Approach to Cities and Features
Creators: name: Costa, Luciano da F.
name: Tokuda, Eric K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Characterizing the structure of cities constitutes an important task since the identification of similar cities can promote sharing of respective experiences. In the present work, we consider 20 European cities from 5 respective countries and with comparable populations, each of which characterized in terms of four topological as well as one geometrical feature. These cities are then mapped into respective networks by considering their pairwise similarity as gauged by the coincidence methodology, which consists of combining the Jaccard and interiority indices. The methodology incorporates a parameter alpha that can control the relative contribution of features with the same or opposite signs to the overall similarity. Interestingly, the maximum modularity cities network is obtained for a non-standard parameter configuration, showing that it could not be obtained were not for the adoption of the parameter alpha. The network with maximum modularity presents four communities that can be directly related to four of the five considered countries, corroborating not only the effectiveness of the adopted features and similarity methodology, but also indicating a surprising tendency of the cities from a same country of being similar, while differing from cities from other countries. The coincidence methodology was then applied in order to investigate the effect of several features combinations on the respectively obtained networks, leading to a highly modular features network containing four main communities that can be understood as the main possible models for the considered cities.
Localized differences in caudate and hippocampal shape are associated with schizophrenia but not antipsychotic type
Creators: name: Gerig, Guido
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: McClure, Robert K.
name: Gouttard, Sylvain
name: Maltbie, Eric
name: Styner, Martin
name: Shi, Xiaoyan
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Caudate and hippocampal volume differences in patients with schizophrenia are associated with disease and antipsychotic treatment, but local shape alterations have not been thoroughly examined.
A multi-scanner study of subcortical brain volume abnormalities in schizophrenia
Creators: name: Preda, Adrian
name: Potkin, Steven G.
name: van Erp, Theo G.M.
name: Brown, Gregory G.
name: McCarthy, Gregory
name: Mathalon, Daniel H.
name: Turner, Jessica
name: Glover, Gary H.
name: Nguyen, Dana
name: Greve, Douglas N.
name: Lim, Kelvin O.
name: Voyvodic, James
name: Bustillo, Juan R.
name: Rasmussen, Jerod
name: Calhoun, Vince D.
name: Young, Sarah
name: Mueller, Bryon
name: Ford, Judith M.
name: Keator, David
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: McEwen, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Schizophrenia patients show significant subcortical brain abnormalities. We examined these abnormalities using automated image analysis software and provide effect size estimates for prospective multi-scanner schizophrenia studies. Subcortical and intracranial volumes were obtained using FreeSurfer 5.0.0 from high-resolution structural imaging scans from 186 schizophrenia patients (mean age±SD=38.9±11.6, 78% males) and 176 demographically similar controls (mean age±SD=37.5±11.2, 72% males). Scans were acquired from seven 3-Tesla scanners. Univariate mixed model regression analyses compared between-group volume differences. Weighted mean effect sizes (and number of subjects needed for 80% power at α=0.05) were computed based on the individual single site studies as well as on the overall multi-site study. Schizophrenia patients have significantly smaller intracranial, amygdala, and hippocampus volumes and larger lateral ventricle, putamen and pallidum volumes compared with healthy volunteers. Weighted mean effect sizes based on single site studies were generally larger than effect sizes computed based on analysis of the overall multi-site sample. Prospectively collected structural imaging data can be combined across sites to increase statistical power for meaningful group comparisons. Even when using similar scan protocols at each scanner, some between-site variance remains. The multi-scanner effect sizes provided by this study should help in the design of future multi-scanner schizophrenia imaging studies.
Cortical asymmetries in unaffected siblings of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Creators: name: Chan, Raymond C.K.
name: Shi, Changzheng
name: Yang, Qiong
name: Shi, Feng
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Li, Gang
name: Peng, Ziwen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered to be associated with atypical brain asymmetry. However, no study has examined the asymmetry in OCD from the perspective of cortical morphometry. This study is aimed to describe the characteristics of cortical asymmetry in OCD patients, and to investigate whether these features exist in their unaffected siblings – a vital step in identifying putative endophenotypes for OCD. A total of 48 subjects (16 OCD patients, 16 unaffected siblings, and 16 matched controls) were recruited who had complete magnetic resonance imaging scans. Left–right hemispheric asymmetries of cortical thickness were measured using a surface-based threshold-free cluster enhancement method. OCD patients and siblings both showed leftward asymmetries of cortical thickness in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which showed a significant positive correlation with compulsive subscale scores. In addition, siblings and healthy controls showed significantly decreased leftward asymmetries in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and the decreased leftward bias in the OFC was accompanied by lower scales on the Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale. To sum up, leftward asymmetries of cortical thickness in the ACC may represent an endophenotype of increased hereditary risk for OCD, while decreased leftward asymmetries of cortical thickness in the OFC may represent a protective factor.
Asymptotic symmetries in Carrollian theories of gravity with a negative cosmological constant
Creators: name: Pérez, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Asymptotic symmetries of electric and magnetic Carrollian gravitational theories with a negative cosmological constant $Λ$ are analyzed in 3+1 space-time dimensions. In the magnetic theory, the asymptotic symmetry algebra is given by the conformal Carroll algebra in three dimensions, which is infinite-dimensional and isomorphic to the BMS$_{4}$ algebra. These results are in full agreement with holographic expectations, providing a new framework for the study of "Carrollian holography." On the contrary, in the case of the electric theory, the presence of a negative $Λ$ turns out to be incompatible with a consistent set of asymptotic conditions, that can be traced back to the absence of a sensible ground state configuration. This can be improved if the Carrollian theory obtained from an electric contraction of Euclidean General Relativity is considered. In this case, asymptotic conditions can be constructed with an asymptotic symmetry algebra given by $so\left(1,4\right)$. However, it is shown that the space of spherically symmetric solutions of this theory is degenerate.
description: 22 pages, no figures. The introduction was expanded. An appendix and two footnotes have been added. Some minor corrections were also implemented. Matches published version in JHEP
Etching SiO2 without HF
Creators: name: Pucher, Thomas
name: Ryu, Yu Kyoung
name: Castellanos-Gomez, Andres
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: silicon oxide etching
micro-fabrication
clean room
glass etching cream
Armour Etch

description: In this technical note we share our experience etching SiO2 in SiO2/Si wafers without using hydrofluoric acid (HF). We have been using glass etching cream (in particular Armour Etch) which relaxes the safety when performing this etching process substantially.
Die Notwendigkeit einer globalen Ethik
Creators: name: Aram I., Meci Tann Kilikioy Kat'oġikos
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 37 Nr. 4 (2001): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 37, Heft 4
Integrable anyon chains: from fusion rules to face models to effective field theories
Creators: name: Finch, Peter E.
name: Flohr, Michael
name: Frahm, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the fusion rules for the algebra $SO(5)_2$ we construct one-dimensional lattice models of interacting anyons with commuting transfer matrices of `interactions round the face' (IRF) type. The conserved topological charges of the anyon chain are recovered from the transfer matrices in the limit of large spectral parameter. The properties of the models in the thermodynamic limit and the low energy excitations are studied using Bethe ansatz methods. Two of the anyon models are critical at zero temperature. From the analysis of the finite size spectrum we find that they are effectively described by rational conformal field theories invariant under extensions of the Virasoro algebra, namely $\mathcal{W}B_2$ and $\mathcal{W}D_5$, respectively. The latter contains primaries with half and quarter spin. The modular partition function and fusion rules are derived and found to be consistent with the results for the lattice model.
description: 43 pages, published version
B(C6F5)3‐Catalyzed Regioselective Ring Opening of Cyclic Amines with Hydrosilanes
Creators: name: Peng, Yi
name: Oestreich, Martin
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
subject: Amines
subject: boron
subject: defunctionalization
subject: reduction
subject: silanes

description: Opening the ring of cyclic amines by regioselective fission of one of the carbon–nitrogen bonds greatly expands the repertoire of available nitrogen‐containing skeletons. Unlike approaches starting from cyclic tertiary amines, methods that can directly open secondary amines are still scarce. The present work discloses an efficient reductive ring opening of either of these cyclic amines using PhSiH3 under B(C6F5)3 catalysis. By this, the direct transformation of unstrained cyclic amines into the corresponding acyclic amines is achieved in a simple one‐pot operation. A stepwise mechanism proceeding through the intermediacy of silylammonium ions followed by reductive cleavage of a carbon–nitrogen bond was experimentally verified.
A robust superconducting setup to probe the thermal Casimir effect
Creators: name: Bimonte, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a superconducting Casimir apparatus inspired by a recently proposed setup involving magnetic surfaces [G. Bimonte, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 112}, 240401 (2014)]. The present setup consists of a superconducting Nb sphere and a flat gold plate including in its interior a superconducting Nb strip. The experimental scheme involves a differential measurement of the Casimir force at a point of the gold plate above the Nb strip and away from from it. We show that similar to the previous setup, the superconducting system considered here implies widely different modulations of the Casimir force, depending on whether the thermal force is computed using the Drude or the plasma model, thus paving the way to an unambiguous discrimination between these alternative prescriptions.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, invited contribution to a special issue on Casimir Forces of J. Phys. Cond. matt
Decreased amygdala–insula resting state connectivity in behaviorally and emotionally dysregulated youth
Creators: name: Sunshine, Jeffrey
name: Fristad, Mary
name: Almeida, Jorge
name: Travis, Michael
name: Chase, Henry
name: Holland, Scott
name: Youngstrom, Eric
name: Dwojak, Amanda
name: Axelson, David
name: Diwadkar, Vaibhav
name: Bebko, Genna
name: Bertocci, Michele
name: Birmaher, Boris
name: Kowatch, Robert
name: Versace, Amelia
name: Frazier, Thomas
name: Gill, Mary Kay
name: Demeter, Christine
name: Perlman, Susan Beth
name: Phillips, Mary Louise
name: Horwitz, Sarah
name: Schirda, Claudiu
name: Arnold, Lawrence Eugene
name: Findling, Robert
name: Bonar, Lisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) adopts a dimensional approach for examining pathophysiological processes underlying categorically defined psychiatric diagnoses. We used this framework to examine relationships among symptom dimensions, diagnostic categories, and resting state connectivity in behaviorally and emotionally dysregulated youth selected from the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms study (n=42) and healthy control youth (n=18). Region of interest analyses examined relationships among resting state connectivity, symptom dimensions (behavioral and emotional dysregulation measured with the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10 Item Mania Scale [PGBI-10M]; dimensional severity measures of mania, depression, anxiety), and diagnostic categories (Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Disruptive Behavior Disorders). After adjusting for demographic variables, two dimensional measures showed significant inverse relationships with resting state connectivity, regardless of diagnosis: 1) PGBI-10M with amygdala-left posterior insula/bilateral putamen; and 2) depressive symptoms with amygdala-right posterior insula connectivity. Diagnostic categories showed no significant relationships with resting state connectivity. Resting state connectivity between amygdala and posterior insula decreased with increasing severity of behavioral and emotional dysregulation and depression; this suggests an intrinsic functional uncoupling of key neural regions supporting emotion processing and regulation. These findings support the RDoC dimensional approach for characterizing pathophysiologic processes that cut across different psychiatric disorders.
Oppositional defiant disorder toward adults and oppositional defiant disorder toward peers: Initial evidence for two separate constructs.
Creators: name: Taylor, Ted K.
name: Burns, G. Leonard
name: Foster, E. Michael
name: Rusby, Julie C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Confirmatory factor analysis of 25 items on the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory (CADBI v.2.3) was conducted on teacher ratings of 824 kindergarten children and replicated on 534 children. Model fit was improved when correcting for two method effects: (a) adjacent items, and (b) identical behaviors (e.g., argues with adults, argues with peers). The results showed that the 25 items load on three distinct but correlated factors: Hyperactivity, Oppositional to Adults, and Oppositional to Peers. These more refined constructs from the CADBI may be useful for practitioners in identifying children who are at risk and for helping define appropriate contexts in which to intervene. The CADBI and analytic procedures also may contribute to future psychoeducational research on the development of problem behavior.
HAYDN — High-precision AsteroseismologY of DeNse fields
Creators: name: Miglio, Andrea
name: Mosser, Benoît
name: Girardi, Léo
name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Chiappini, Cristina
name: Samadi, Réza
name: Moya, Andrés
name: García, Rafael A.
name: Brogaard, Karsten F.
name: HAYDN Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Astrophysics is now entering an era of unprecedented large-scale, multi-messenger surveys: Gaia, JWST, Roman, Euclid, Rubin/LSST, PLATO and LISA from space, and large complementary efforts from the ground (e.g., ELT, large spectroscopic surveys) are giving us the potential for a step change in our understanding of properties and processes of the physical universe. The interpretation of this wealth of data relies, however, on our understanding of the building blocks of cosmic structures: stars and star clusters. In this poster, we discuss the scientific rationale and current concept of the HAYDN ESA M-class mission candidate, a space mission specifically dedicated to gathering long photometric series of large samples of coeval and initially chemically-homogeneous stars in open and globular clusters. Such a mission would transform stars into laboratories, enabling us to test stellar physics and catalysing the development of next-generation stellar models, thus reinforcing the foundations of astrophysical inference.
Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts following inpatient hospitalization.
Creators: name: Nock, Matthew K.
name: Spirito, Anthony
name: Aikins, Julie Wargo
name: Cheah, Charissa S. L.
name: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
name: Simon, Valerie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Remarkably little is known regarding the temporal course of adolescent suicidal ideation and behavior, the prediction of suicidal attempts from changes in suicidal ideation, or the prediction of suicidal attempts after accounting for suicidal ideation as a predictor. A sample of 143 adolescents 12–15 years old was assessed during psychiatric inpatient hospitalization and again at 3, 6, 9, 15, and 18 months postdischarge through a series of structured interviews and parent- and adolescent-reported instruments. Symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, externalizing psychopathology, hopelessness, and engagement in several forms of self-injurious/suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicide threats/gestures, plans, nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI]) were assessed. Latent growth curve analyses revealed a period of suicidal ideation remission between baseline and 6 months following discharge, as well as a subtle period of suicidal ideation reemergence between 9 and 18 months postdischarge. Changes in suicidal ideation predicted suicide attempts. After accounting for the effects of suicidal ideation, baseline suicide threats/gestures also predicted future suicide attempts. Higher adolescent-reported depressive symptoms, lower parent-reported externalizing symptoms, and higher frequencies of NSSI predicted weaker suicidal ideation remission slopes. Findings underscore the need for more longitudinal research on the course of adolescent suicidality.
Total Variation‐Based Reconstruction and Phase Retrieval for Diffraction Tomography with an Arbitrarily Moving Object
Creators: name: Beinert, Robert
name: Quellmalz, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik
subject: diffraction tomography
subject: phase-retrieval problem
subject: Born approximation
subject: reconstruction algorithm

description: We consider the imaging problem of the reconstruction of a three‐dimensional object via optical diffraction tomography under the assumptions of the Born approximation. Our focus lies in the situation that a rigid object performs an irregular, time‐dependent rotation under acoustical or optical forces. In this study, we compare reconstruction algorithm in case i) that two‐dimensional images of the complex‐valued wave are known, or ii) that only the intensity (absolute value) of these images can be measured, which is the case in many practical setups. The latter phase‐retrieval problem can be solved by an all‐at‐once approach based utilizing a hybrid input‐output scheme with TV regularization.
Ursprünge, Wege, Ziele
Creators: name: Quadt, Anno
name: Kunze, Axel Bernd
name: Brinkschröder, Michael
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 37 Nr. 3 (2001): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 37, Heft 3