cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How Should Low-Level Drug Dealers Be Punished?
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan
name: Heymann, Philip
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The US pursues a number of drug control strategies, but the it invests the most resources in arresting, prosecuting, and incarcerating low-level drug dealers. Thus, it is important to reflect on what is the appropriate and expedient punishment for these offenders. Currently punishments vary from nothing to very long prison sentences; substantial variation is appropriate because not all low-level dealers are equally destructive. Unfortunately the current system does not punish most severely the most culpable offenders. A stronger correlation between severity of sanction and culpability could be achieved by: (1) moving decisions concerning length of incarceration from the state level to the local level, (2) reducing minimum sanction severity to expand the variation between minimum and maximum sanctions for all defendants except those who meet locally established definitions of what constitutes unusually destructive forms of dealing, and (3) allowing judges to depart from presumptive sentences instead of computing sentence length from fixed formulas based on readily observable – but only marginally relevant – criteria such as quantity possessed. The goal would be to allow police, prosecutors, and judges to work together to identify and target long sentences on the minority of most vicious dealers. This would serve the interests of justice, by making the punishment better fit the crime, and efficiency, by making more effective use of scarce and expensive punishment capacity.
Additional file 1 of Potential function of CbuSPL and gene encoding its interacting protein during flowering in Catalpa bungei
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi
name: Zhu, Tianqing
name: Ma, Wenjun
name: Fan, Erqin
name: Lu, Nan
name: Ouyang, Fangqun
name: Wang, Nan
name: Yang, Guijuan
name: Kong, Lisheng
name: Qu, Guanzheng
name: Zhang, Shougong
name: Wang, Junhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The list of the all Primers used in this paper.
Efficient generation of series expansions for $\pm J$ Ising spin-glasses in a classical or a quantum (transverse) field
Creators: name: Singh, R. R. P.
name: Young, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss generation of series expansions for Ising spin-glasses with a symmetric $\pm J$ (i.e. bimodal) distribution on d-dimensional hypercubic lattices using linked-cluster methods. Simplifications for the bimodal distribution allow us to go to higher order than for a general distribution. We discuss two types of problem, one classical and one quantum. The classical problem is that of the Ising spin glass in a longitudinal magnetic field, $h$, for which we obtain high temperature series expansions in variables $\tanh(J/T)$ and $\tanh(h/T)$. The quantum problem is a $T=0$ study of the Ising spin glass in a transverse magnetic field $h_T$ for which we obtain a perturbation theory in powers of $J/h_T$. These methods require (i) enumeration and counting of \textit{all} connected clusters that can be embedded in the lattice up to some order $n$, and (ii) an evaluation of the contribution of each cluster for the quantity being calculated, known as the weight. We discuss a general method that takes the much smaller list (and count) of all no free-end (NFE) clusters on a lattice up to some order $n$, and automatically generates all other clusters and their counts up to the same order. The weights for finite clusters in both cases have a simple graphical interpretation that allows us to proceed efficiently for a general configuration of the $\pm J$ bonds, and at the end perform suitable disorder averaging. The order of our computations is limited by the weight calculations for the high-temperature expansions of the classical model, while they are limited by graph counting for the $T=0$ quantum system. Details of the calculational methods are presented.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables
Herina ghilianii Rondani 1869
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ulidiidae
Herina
Herina ghilianii

description: Herina ghilianii Rondani, 1869
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1869a: 22 (key), 24 (description).
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ in Sicilia … in Insula Melita [Sicily (Italy) … Malta Island]”.
 TYPE MATERIAL: 1 ♂, lectotype (glued to a cardboard) (MZUF: Box 30): Herina Desv. / ghilianii Rndn., ♂, Melita / 1608 / Lectotypus Melita ghilianii Rond., ♂, design. Á. Soós, 1978.
 PARALECTOTYPES EXAMINED: 1 ♂ (MZUF: Box 30): Herina Desv. / ghilianii Rndn., ♂, Melita / 1608 / Paralectotypus Melita ghilianii Rond., ♂, design. Á. Soós, 1978; 1 ♀ (MZUF: Box 30): Herina Desv. / ghilianii Rndn., ♀, Melita / 1608 / Paralectotypus Melita ghilianii Rond., ♀, design. Á. Soós, 1978.
 CURRENT STATUS: valid species (Soós 1984c: 55, Rivosecchi 1992b: 308, Belcari et al. 1995b: 6, Kameneva, 2007: 411).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1869a: 24) described Herina ghilianii without specifying the number, the sex or the length of the specimens, from material received from V. Ghiliani and A. Schembri. Soós (1982a: 136) designated a lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (1 ♂, 1 ♀).
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Observing exoplanets from the planet Earth: how our revolution around the Sun affects the detection of 1-year periods
Creators: name: Borin, Federico
name: Poretti, Ennio
name: Borsa, Francesco
name: Rainer, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analysed a selected sample of exoplanets with orbital periods close to 1 year to study the effects of the spectral window on the data, affected by the 1 cycle/year aliasing due to the Earth motion around the Sun. We pointed out a few cases where a further observational effort would largely improve the reliability of the orbital solutions.
description: Contribution to the Focus Point on "Highlights of Planetary Science in Italy" edited by P. Cerroni, E. Dotto, P. Paolicchi
Electronic states in semiconductor nanostructures and upscaling to semi-classical models
Creators: name: Koprucki, Thomas
name: Kaiser, Hans-Christoph
name: Fuhrmann, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Semiconductor nanostructures
subject: kp method
subject: electronic states
subject: band structure
subject: semiclassical models
subject: upscaling
subject: quantum wells
subject: semiconductor lasers
subject: 82D37
subject: 34L40

description: In semiconductor devices one basically distinguishes three spatial scales: The atomistic scale of the bulk semiconductor materials (sub-Angstroem), the scale of the interaction zone at the interface between two semiconductor materials together with the scale of the resulting size quantization (nanometer) and the scale of the device itself (micrometer). The paper focuses on the two scale transitions inherent in the hierarchy of scales in the device. We start with the description of the band structure of the bulk material by kp Hamiltonians on the atomistic scale. We describe how the envelope function approximation allows to construct kp Schroedinger operators describing the electronic states at the nanoscale which are closely related to the kp Hamiltonians. Special emphasis is placed on the possible existence of spurious modes in the kp Schroedinger model on the nanoscale which are inherited from anomalous band bending on the atomistic scale. We review results of the mathematical analysis of these multi-band kp Schroedinger operators. Besides of the confirmation of the main facts about the band structure usually taken for granted, key results are conditions on the coefficients of the kp Schroedinger operator for the nanostructure, which exclude spurious modes and an estimate of the size of the band gap. Using these results, we give an overview of properties of the electronic band structure of strained quantum wells. Further, the assumption of flat-band conditions across the nanostructure allows for upscaling of quantum calculations to state equations for semi-classical models. We demonstrate this approach for parameters such as the quantum corrected band-edges, the effective density of states, the optical response, and the optical peak gain. Further, we apply the kp Schroedinger theory to low gap quantum wells, a case where a proper rescaling of the optical matrix element is necessary to avoid spurious modes. Finally, we discuss the application of the kp Schroedinger models to biased quantum wells, the operation mode of electro-optic modulators.
How Should Low-Level Drug Dealers Be Punished?
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan P
name: Heymann, Philip
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The US pursues a number of drug control strategies, but the it invests the most resources in arresting, prosecuting, and incarcerating low-level drug dealers. Thus, it is important to reflect on what is the appropriate and expedient punishment for these offenders. Currently punishments vary from nothing to very long prison sentences; substantial variation is appropriate because not all low-level dealers are equally destructive. Unfortunately the current system does not punish most severely the most culpable offenders. A stronger correlation between severity of sanction and culpability could be achieved by: (1) moving decisions concerning length of incarceration from the state level to the local level, (2) reducing minimum sanction severity to expand the variation between minimum and maximum sanctions for all defendants except those who meet locally established definitions of what constitutes unusually destructive forms of dealing, and (3) allowing judges to depart from presumptive sentences instead of computing sentence length from fixed formulas based on readily observable – but only marginally relevant – criteria such as quantity possessed. The goal would be to allow police, prosecutors, and judges to work together to identify and target long sentences on the minority of most vicious dealers. This would serve the interests of justice, by making the punishment better fit the crime, and efficiency, by making more effective use of scarce and expensive punishment capacity.
Prevention and control of Coronavirus Epidemic: Role of clinical awareness and flow of accurate information
Creators: name: Rana, Muhammad
name: Alam, Muhammad Masroor
name: Usman, Muhammad
name: Ikram, Aamer
name: Salman, Muhammad
name: Umair, Massab
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2021

description: NA
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622
Universality of the REM for dynamics of mean-field spin glasses
Creators: name: Ben Arous, Gérard
name: Bovier, Anton
name: Černý, Jiři
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: aging
subject: universality
subject: spin glasses
subject: SK model
subject: random walk
subject: 82C44
subject: 60K35
subject: 60G70

description: We consider a version of a Glauber dynamics for a $p$-spin Sherrington--Kirkpatrick model of a spin glass that can be seen as a time change of simple random walk on the $N$-dimensional hypercube. We show that, for any $p geq 3$ and any inverse temperature $beta>0$, there exist constants $g_0>0$, such that for all exponential time scales, $exp(gamma N)$, with $gleq g_0$, the properly rescaled emphclock process (time-change process), converges to an $a$-stable subordinator where $a=g/b^2<1$. Moreover, the dynamics exhibits aging at these time scales with time-time correlation function converging to the arcsine law of this hbox$alpha$-stable subordinator. In other words, up to rescaling, on these time scales (that are shorter than the equilibration time of the system), the dynamics of $p$-spin models ages in the same way as the REM, and by extension Bouchaud's REM-like trap model, confirming the latter as a universal aging mechanism for a wide range of systems. The SK model (the case $p=2$) seems to belong to a different universality class.
Additional file 1 of Genetic predisposition to smoking is associated with risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Creators: name: Qian, Yu
name: Zhang, Lingzhi
name: Wu, David
name: Xie, Zhijun
name: Wen, Chengping
name: Mao, Yingying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Effect estimates of the associations between the instrumental variables for smoking initiation and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Abbreviations: Chr, Chromosome; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SE, standard error; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. Table S2. The potential secondary phenotypes of the instrumental variables used for smoking initiation (from the GWAS catalog)a. Abbreviations: Chr, chromosome; EA, effect allele; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. aTraits associated with the SNP according to previous genome-wide association studies.
Seroprevalence of antibodies to cytomegalovirus in pregnant women in the Apulia region (Italy)
Creators: name: Trombetta, Claudia
name: Viviani, Simonetta
name: Montomoli, Emanuele
name: MARCHI, SERENA
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2021

description: INTRODUCTION: Cytomegalovirus is ubiquitous and easily transmitted by contact. Following the first infection, the virus becomes latent and periodic reactivation could occur due to immunosuppression. If the infection is acquired in pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, the foetal consequences could be serious. The present study was conducted to assess the serological profile of pregnant women with respect to cytomegalovirus in Apulia from 2016 to 2019. METHODS: Serum samples were tested by commercial ELISA kit for the detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies against cytomegalovirus. RESULTS: The data showed that most of the pregnant women (70.8%), especially those of ≥40 years of age (80.6%), has antibodies against cytomegalovirus, though these do not confer fully protective immunity against infection by different strains nor can prevent the re-activation of the latent one. Conversely, most of the youngest women are seronegative (44.4% in women < 25 years of age) and vulnerable during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, cytomegalovirus screening for pregnant women is not mandatory in Italy. Considering that congenital cytomegalovirus is the leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss, it would be extremely useful and cost-saving to screen women of childbearing age and women at early stage of pregnancy for cytomegalovirus infection in addition to increase awareness of cytomegalovirus infection and consequences among pregnant women, health care workers and the public.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622
Tabla Comparativa sobre Recomendaciones de MOE de la OEA en elecciones durante la pandemia de COVID 19
Creators: name: Observatorio de Reformas Políticas en América Latina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Freidenberg, Flavia. Dir., 2023, “Tabla Comparativa sobre Recomendaciones de MOE de la OEA en elecciones durante la pandemia de COVID 19”. Observatorio de Reformas Políticas en América Latina (1978-2023). Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas (IIJ-UNAM) y Washington, D.C.: Secretaría para el Fortalecimiento de la Democracia de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (SFD/OEA), V1.
Quantum-criticality and percolation in dimer-diluted 2D antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Sandvik, Anders W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The S=1/2 Heisenberg model is considered on bilayer and single-layer square lattices with couplings J1, J2, and with each spin belonging to one J2-coupled dimer. A transition from a Neel to disordered ground state occurs at a critical value of g=J2/J1. The systems are here studied at their dimer-dilution percolation points p*. The multi-critical point (g*,p*) previously found for the bilayer is not reproduced for the single layer. Instead, there is line of critical points (g < g*,p*) with continuously varying exponents. The uniform magnetic susceptibility diverges as 1/T^a $ with a in the range [1/2,1]. This unusual behavior is attributed to an effective free-moment density T^(1-a). The susceptibility of the bilayer is not divergent but exhibits remarkably robust quantum-critical scaling.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. v2: minor changes, published version
Correlation between the variation of the ionizing continuum and broad absorption lines
Creators: name: Lu, Wei-Jian
name: Lin, Ying-Ru
name: Qin, Yi-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter, we present an analysis of the relation between the variability of broad absorption lines (BALs) and that of the continuum. Our sample is multi-epoch observations of 483 quasars by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-I/II/III (SDSS-I/II/III). We derive the fractional flux variations of the continuum and fractional equivalent width (EW) variations for C IV and Si IV BALs, and explore the correlations between the three. Our results reveal moderate anticorrelations with high significance level between the fractional flux variations of the continuum and fractional EW variations for both C IV and Si IV BALs. We also prove a significant positive correlation between the fractional EW variations for C IV and Si IV BALs, which is in agreement with several previous studies. Our discoveries can serve as evidence for the idea: Change of an ionizing continuum is the primary driver of BAL variability.
Herina helvipes Rondani 1869
Creators: name: Sforzi, Alessandra
name: Sommaggio, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ulidiidae
Herina
Herina helvipes

description: Herina helvipes Rondani, 1869
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: 1869a: 22 (key), 24 (description).
 TYPE LOCALITY: “ Bordeaux (France)” (Macquart 1835: 436) [type locality for Ortalis rufipes Macquart, 1835].
TYPE MATERIAL: see Remarks.
 CURRENT STATUS: junior synonym of Herina scutellaris Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Soós 1984c: 56); junior synonym of Ortalis rufipes Macquart, 1835 (Kameneva, 2007: 416).
 REMARKS: Rondani (1869a: 24) moved Ortalis rufipes Macquart, 1835 to the genus Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and proposed the new replacement name Herina helvipes for Herina rufipes (Macquart, 1835), preoccupied by Robineau-Desvoidy (1830: 727). The type material for Herina helvipes will be the same as for the name it was proposed to replace, i. e., Ortalis rufipes. Kameneva (2007: 416) stated that there is only a label without specimen in the MHNL. There is no type of Ortalis rufipes in the MHNL (O. Boilly, pers. comm., 2019), MNHN (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle 2020) and OUMNH (Z. Simmons, pers. comm., 2019) where Macquart’s collection is preserved. Soós (1983: 259) incorrectly designated a lectotype (♂) and paralectotypes (2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀) from material in the MZUF.
description: Published as part of Sforzi, Alessandra & Sommaggio, Daniele, 2021, Catalog of the Diptera types described by Camillo Rondani, pp. 1-438 in Zootaxa 4989 (1) on page 385, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4989.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4980621
Regulating Eternal Inflation II: The Great Divide
Creators: name: Aguirre, A.
name: Banks, T.
name: Johnson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper, two of the authors presented a "regulated" picture of eternal inflation. This picture both suggested and drew support from a conjectured discontinuity in the amplitude for tunneling from positive to negative vacuum energy, as the positive vacuum energy was sent to zero; analytic and numerical arguments supporting this conjecture were given. Here we show that this conjecture is false, but in an interesting way. There are no cases where tunneling amplitudes are discontinuous at vanishing cosmological constant; rather, the space of potentials separates into two regions. In one region decay is strongly suppressed, and the proposed picture of eternal inflation remains viable; sending the (false) vacuum energy to zero in this region results in an absolutely stable asymptotically flat space. In the other region, we argue that the space-time at vanishing cosmological constant is unstable, but not asymptotically Minkowski. The consequences of our results for theories of supersymmetry breaking are unchanged.
description: JHEP3, 19 Pages, 7 Figures
Gauss map of the skew mean curvature flow
Creators: name: Song, Chong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The skew mean curvature flow (SMCF) is a natural generalization of the famous vortex filament equation. In this note, we show that the Gauss map of the SMCF satisfies a Schrödinger flow equation. In this regard, we explore the geometry of the oriented Grassmannian manifold explicitly by embedding it into the exterior product space.
description: Ref. [12] corrected
Traveling wave modeling of dynamics in semiconductor ring lasers
Creators: name: Radziunas, Mindaugas
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: semiconductor ring laser
subject: traveling wave model
subject: switching
subject: alternate oscillations
subject: bistability
subject: unidirectional
subject: optical modes
subject: analysis
subject: 78-04
subject: 78A60
subject: 35-04
subject: 78-05
subject: 35Q60
subject: 35B35
subject: 42.55.Px
subject: 42.60.-v
subject: 02.30.Jr
subject: 02.60.Cb

description: We use the traveling wave model for simulating and analyzing nonlinear dynamics of complex semiconductor ring laser devices. This modeling allows to consider temporal-spatial distributions of the counter-propagating slowly varying optical fields and the carriers, what can be important when studying non-homogeneous ring cavities, propagation of short pulses or fast switching. By performing numerical integration of the model equations we observe several dynamic regimes as well as transitions between them. The computation of ring cavity modes explains some peculiarities of these regimes.
Psychological state, family functioning and coping strategies among students of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, during the COVID -19 lockdown
Creators: name: Ojewale, Lucia
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: The curtailment of social gatherings as well as lack of online academic engagement, during the COVID-19 lockdown, could have potentially damaging effects on the psychological state of university students in Nigerian public universities. This study examined the prevalence of anxiety and depression, including associated factors and coping methods among undergraduate students. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and involved 386 undergraduate students. The study was approved with an approval number UI/EC/20/0242. An online questionnaire was circulated among the students consisting mainly of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the McMaster Family Assessment Device. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics, chi-square, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and linear logistics regression, at α 0.05. Results: Mean age was 21±2.9 years, with a female population of 60.1%. Prevalence of anxiety and depression were 41.5% and 31.9% respectively. Students in health-related faculties were significantly less anxious than others. Inability to afford three square meals, negative family-functioning, having a chronic illness and living in a State/Region with a high incidence of COVID-19, was significantly associated with depression. These factors jointly accounted for 14% of depression. Coping methods included the use of social media, watching movies and participating in online skill development programmes. Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression among university students with poor family functioning, inability to afford three meals/day, living in a state with a high incidence of COVID-19 and having a chronic illness. Proactive measures ought to be taken to support undergraduate students to prevent the negative consequences of poor mental health.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622
Performance Assessment of Sub-Percolating Nanobundle Network Transistors by an Analytical Model
Creators: name: Pimparkar, N.
name: Guo, J.
name: Alam, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanobundle network transistors (NBTs) have emerged as a viable, higher performance alternative to poly-silicon and organic transistors with possible applications in macroelectronic displays, chemical/biological sensors, and photovoltaics. A simple analytical model for I-V characteristics of NBTs (below the percolation limit) is proposed and validated by numerical simulation and experimental data. The physics-based predictive model provides a simple relation between transistor characteristics and design parameters which can be used for optimization of NBTs. The model provides important insights into the recent experiments on NBT characteristics and electrical purification of nanobundle networks.
How Large Should the Strike Zone Be in “Three Strikes and You’re Out” Sentencing Laws?
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan P
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: So-called “three strikes and you’re out” sentencing laws for criminal offenders have proliferated in the United States in the 1990s. The laws vary considerably in their definitions of what constitutes a “strike”. This paper adapts the classic Poisson Process model of criminal offending to investigate how varying sentence lengths and definitions of what constitutes a strike affect the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these sentencing laws. In particular, it asks whether by using different definitions for the first, second, and third strikes or different sentence lengths, one can make the resulting incarceration more “efficient” in the sense of incapacitating more crimes per cell-year served.
Awareness, knowledge and training gaps on asbestos among General Practitioners
Creators: name: Ripabelli, Giancarlo
name: Salzo, Angelo
name: Sammarco, Michela Lucia
name: Tamburro, Manuela
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2021

description: General Practitioners (GPs) have good knowledge of health status and sociocultural backgrounds of their patients, thus could be decisive in early detection of cases of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). In this cross-sectional pilot study, we investigated perception and knowledge on asbestos risk amongst GPs practicing in Molise region, central Italy, who anonymously completed a 29-items questionnaire developed for this study on the perceived risk and comprehension of the exposure effects and own rules. Based on GPs’ answers, we classified awareness and knowledge into four quartile classes from inadequate (0-24%), poor (25-49%), moderate (50-74%) and high (75-100%). Twenty-eight GPs (median age 63 years; 82% male) participated. Perception and knowledge among participants varied from 62% to 84% and from 18% to 42%, respectively, with majority (65% and 42%) showing an adequate level. Our survey revealed a satisfactory perception and knowledge of general features of this topic, while a poor awareness of detailed aspects emerged, underlining the need of continuing medical education in the field of occupational medicine. The study remarks that criteria for ARDs diagnosis should be better specified, introducing a detailed list to harmonize medical protocols for symptoms identification and patients’ examination. Hence, increasing awareness of asbestos risk and ARDs among GPs represents a crucial opportunity, because of their prominent position to promptly take care of patients and provide targeted information.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622
Vacuum Nucleon Loops and Naturalness
Creators: name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Serot, Brian D.
name: Tang, Hua-Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phenomenological studies support the applicability of naturalness and naive dimensional analysis to hadronic effective lagrangians for nuclei. However, one-baryon-loop vacuum contributions in renormalizable models give rise to unnatural coefficients, which indicates that the quantum vacuum is not described adequately. The effective lagrangian framework accommodates a more general characterization of vacuum contributions without reference to a Dirac sea of nucleons.
description: 15 pages, REVTeX 3.0 with epsf.sty, plus 2 figures. Reference added
Psychosocial Impact of Covid-19 among Bangladeshi Young Adults (18-34 years): An Online-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Creators: name: Habib, Mohammad Asadul
name: Md. Refat  Jahan  Rakib
name: Tanjina Rahman
name: Akibul Islam Chowdhury
name: Zaher, Mohammad Abduz
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2021

description: COVID-19 pandemic is at the fourth stage of boundless local transmission in Bangladesh. The objective of this study was to assess the psychosocial impact of Covid-19 on adult Bangladeshi population. An online-based cross-sectional study was performed among 213 Bangladeshi young adults aged between 18 and 34 years. More than 90% of participants were responded to possess a good awareness of Covid-19. However, the behavioral characteristics of young individuals in Bangladesh were not impressive. In this cohort, 24.4% of participants showed moderate change and 5.2%-little changes in their behavior due to COVID 19. Approximately 58.2% of participants had some symptoms of mental distress while 59.7% of participants were somewhat worried about COVID 19. In order to control the spread of Covid-19, existing unconsciousness in young adult could turn this situation into a disaster throughout the nation which therefore must be understood by the government and policymakers to incorporate successful measures.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622
The opinion game: Stock price evolution from microscopic market modelling
Creators: name: Bovier, Anton
name: Černý, Jiri
name: Hryniv, Ostap
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Stock prices
subject: financial markets
subject: statistical mechanics
subject: stochastic dynamics
subject: 91B26
subject: 60K35
subject: 60J20

description: We propose a class of Markovian agent based models for the time evolution of a share price in an interactive market. The models rely on a microscopic description of a market of buyers and sellers who change their opinion about the stock value in a stochastic way. The actual price is determined in realistic way by matching (clearing) offers until no further transactions can be performed. Some analytic results for a non-interacting model are presented. We also propose basic interaction mechanisms and show in simulations that these already reproduce certain particular features of prices in real stock markets.
How Large Should the Strike Zone Be in "Three Strikes and You're Out" Sentencing Laws?
Creators: name: Caulkins, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: So-called “three strikes and you’re out” sentencing laws for criminal offenders have proliferated in the United States in the 1990s. The laws vary considerably in their definitions of what constitutes a “strike”. This paper adapts the classic Poisson Process model of criminal offending to investigate how varying sentence lengths and definitions of what constitutes a strike affect the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these sentencing laws. In particular, it asks whether by using different definitions for the first, second, and third strikes or different sentence lengths, one can make the resulting incarceration more “efficient” in the sense of incapacitating more crimes per cell-year served.
Marangoni-driven liquid films rising out of a meniscus onto a nearly horizontal substrate
Creators: name: Münch, Andreas
name: Evans, P. L.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Lubrication theory
subject: Gravity and surface tension driven liquid flows
subject: undercompressive waves
subject: Landau-Levich drag-out problem
subject: coating flows
subject: 76D08
subject: 37N10
subject: 76D45
subject: 76B45
subject: 76A20
subject: 34E10
subject: 34B60
subject: 76D27
subject: 68.15.+e
subject: 47.20.Ky
subject: 47.15.Gf
subject: 68.03.Kn
subject: 68.03.Cd

description: We revisit here the situation of a thin liquid film driven up an inclined substrate by a thermally induced Marangoni shear stress against the counter-acting parallel component of gravity. In contrast to previous studies, we focus here on the meniscus region, in the case where the substrate is nearly horizontal, so there is a significant contribution from the normal component of gravity. Our numerical simulations show that the time-dependent lubrication model for the film profile can reach a steady state in the meniscus region that is unlike the monotonic solutions found in [Münch, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 62(6):2045-2063, 2002]. A systematic investigation of the steady states of the lubrication model is carried out by studying the phase space of the corresponding third order ODE system. We find a rich structure of the phase space including multiple non-monotonic solutions with the same far-field film thickness.
Tabla Comparativa sobre Identificación de personas ausentes por desaparición forzada en Padrones Electorales
Creators: name: Observatorio de Reformas Políticas en América Latina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Freidenberg, Flavia. Dir., 2023, “Tabla Comparativa sobre Identificación de personas ausentes por desaparición forzada en Padrones Electorales”. Observatorio de Reformas Políticas en América Latina (1978-2023). Ciudad de México: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas (IIJ-UNAM) y Washington, D.C.: Secretaría para el Fortalecimiento de la Democracia de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (SFD/OEA), V1.
Additional file 4 of Potential function of CbuSPL and gene encoding its interacting protein during flowering in Catalpa bungei
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi
name: Zhu, Tianqing
name: Ma, Wenjun
name: Fan, Erqin
name: Lu, Nan
name: Ouyang, Fangqun
name: Wang, Nan
name: Yang, Guijuan
name: Kong, Lisheng
name: Qu, Guanzheng
name: Zhang, Shougong
name: Wang, Junhui
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Details of motif-sequences of CbuSPL9 were identified by MEME.
Wave front sensor-less adaptive optics based on sharpness metrics for particle image velocimetry
Creators: name: Teich, M.
name: Grottke, J.
name: Radner, H.
name: BÜttner, L.
name: Czarske, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical distortions can significantly deteriorate the measurement accuracy in imaging systems. Such distortions can occur at fluctuating phase boundaries as well as multiple-phase flows and result from the accompanied refractive index changes. Due to multiple reflexes arising from a fluid flow setup, the usage of a wave front sensor (WFS) can be hindered. In this work we outline a wave front sensor-less approach which includes iterative aberration correction with a fast deformable mirror (DM). A combination of sharpness metric (SM) image evaluation and iterative optimization is demonstrated. The SM was measured for each image while adjusting seven Zernike modes (after Noll index enumeration) in their amplitude. The SM is used as an indicator for wave front aberrations without using a wave front sensor to correct wave front distortions that are generated by the DM. The proposed method allows for the reduction of systematic measurement uncertainties in fluid flow measurement techniques as particle image velocimetry (PIV). Five different sharpness metrics are demonstrated for reliable sharpness maximization with a deformable mirror of 69 elements. A systematic linear search (LS) algorithm was applied in order to find the optimal mirror shape. The reduction of measurement uncertainty for PIV measurements is shown. The iterative approach offers a way to reduce static or slowly changing wave front distortions in a fluid flow setup where a WFS is not applicable.
Elastic modelling of surface waves in single and multicomponent systems -- Lecture notes
Creators: name: Wilmanski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Surface waves
subject: waves in porous media
subject: monochromatic waves
subject: 74J10
subject: 74J15
subject: 74F10

description: The main aim of this article is to present a review of most important acoustic surface waves which are described by linear one- and two-component models. It has been written for the CISM-course: Surface waves in Geomechanics (Udine, September 6-10, 2004). Among the waves in one-component linear elastic media we present the classical Rayleigh waves on a plane boundary, Rayleigh waves on a cylindrical surface, Love waves, Stoneley waves (solid/solid and fluid/solid interface). In the second part of the article we discuss two two-component models of porous materials (Biot's model and a simple mixture model). We indicate basic differences of the models and demonstrate qualitative similarities. We introduce as well some fundamental notions yielding the description of surface waves in two-component systems (saturated porous materials) and review certain (porous materials with impermeable boundaries) asymptotic results for such waves. However, the full discussion of this subject including numerous results of computer calculations can be found in the article of B. Albers also included in this volume.
Screening and isolation of microbes from a Mud Community of Ischia Island Thermal Springs: preliminary analysis of a bioactive compound
Creators: name: DI ONOFRIO, VALERIA
name: Maione, Angela
name: Guida, Marco
name: De Castro, Olga
name: Liguori, Renato
name: Carraturo, Federica
name: Galdiero, Emilia
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2021

description: Introduction: Balneotherapy centers of Ischia island (Italy) offer treatments for different dermatological diseases (psoriasis, acne, atopic dermatitis) and upper respiratory tract infections. In this study, we integrated morphological and molecular approaches to give bacterial diversity of microbial mat samples collected from the thermae of Ischia. Methods: Samples were collected during 2019 at four sites. Some bacterial strains ATCC for antibacterial and antibiofilm Activity were tested. After morphological characterization, screening for antagonistic isolates was made. The colonies isolated from thermal mud samples were submitted to molecular characterization. Susceptibility testing by dilution spotting was carried out and antibacterial efficacies of most active isolate were evaluated with a Minimal inhibition concentration assay. Biofilm formation, inhibition, eradication were examined. Statistical analyses were carried out utilizing Microsoft® Excel 2016/XLSTAT©-Pro. Results: We isolated a natural compound with antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study are discussed in the context of how hydrothermal systems are important environmental source of uncharted antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds. This is, to our knowledge, the first view of a spring water microbiome analysis of Ischia.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2 (2021): 2021622
Halictoxenos Pierce 1908
Creators: name: Quintos-Andrade, Gerardo
name: Valenzuela-González, Jorge E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Strepsiptera
Stylopidae
Halictoxenos

description: Genus Halictoxenos Pierce, 1908
Halictoxenos Pierce, 1908: 82.
Apractelytra Pierce, 1908: 79; Bohart, 1941: 135 (= Halictoxenos).
Halictostylops Pierce, 1909: 112; Bohart, 1941: 135 (= Halictoxenos).
Halictoxenos (Halictoxenos) Pierce, 1909: 149; Bohart, 1941: 135 (= Halictoxenos).
Halictoxenos (Halictophilus) Pierce, 1909: 151; Bohart, 1941: 135 (= Halictoxenos).
Halictoxenos (Halictostylops) Pierce, 1911b: 21; Bohart, 1941: 135 (= Halictoxenos).
Halictoxenos (Augochlorophilus) Pierce, 1911b: 22; Bohart, 1941: 135 (= Halictoxenos).
Type species: Halictoxenos jonesi Pierce, 1908
Diagnosis. Male. Postfrontal area pronounced; the arrangement of sutures on the head is variable, but generally, the postfrontal and subcostal areas narrow at the center, forming a sutural arrangement resembling an hourglass (visible in H. jonesi, H. keenereri Pohl & Kinzelbach, 1995, and H. fortunatus sp. nov.). Four-segmented antennae, the last two flabellate, cylindrical, not flattened, and shorter in length than the width of the head; mandibles abruptly narrow at the tip; wing venation variable, but most species has R4-5 veins sightly fussed; ventral area of the hind trochanter prominent (this feature is more visible in species from Africa and Asia); legs with four tarsomeres apically dilated; aedeagus generally S-shaped, with a pronounced dorsal spine and phallobase not dilated. Female cephalothorax. Cephalothorax rhomboidal; light-colored at least in the apical area, generally dark in the metasternal area and the first abdominal segment; mandibles enclosed in the mandibular capsule, mandibular tooth variable (absent or inconspicuous in some asian species and species associated with Augochloropsis); maxillae fused with the labial area; vestige of maxillary palp present; brood opening reduced to the central area; prosternum extended, semicircular to trapezoidal; mesosternum with conspicuous mesosternal papillae, generally arranged in the central area of the mesosternum (Some species have the papillae divided on the basal mesosternal sides); spiracles arranged in the dorsal area. First instar larva. Body rod-shaped; maxillo-labial area emarginate; prothorax not contracted at the base (contracted in most Stylopidae larvae), longer than any other thoracic segment; at least the mesocoxa and metacoxa with an elongated simple spine (bifurcated in Rozenia Straka et al. 2014); thorax and abdomen with posterior rows of spines of various sizes; abdomen long, measuring more than three times the size of the head and thorax.
description: Published as part of Quintos-Andrade, Gerardo & Valenzuela-González, Jorge E., 2024, First record of Halictoxenos Pierce (Strepsiptera: Stylopidae) from Mexico with the description of a new species parasite of Lasioglossum exiguum (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), pp. 157-168 in Zootaxa 5514 (2) on page 160, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5514.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/13849681
Gauge Theories at Resolved and Deformed Singularities using Dimers
Creators: name: Garcia-Etxebarria, Inaki
name: Saad, Fouad
name: Uranga, Angel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge theory on a set of D3-branes at a toric Calabi-Yau singularity can be encoded in a tiling of the 2-torus denoted dimer diagram (or brane tiling). We use these techniques to describe the effect on the gauge theory of geometric operations partially smoothing the singularity at which D3-branes sit, namely partial resolutions and complex deformations. More specifically, we describe the effect of arbitrary partial resolutions, including those which split the original singularity into two separated. The gauge theory correspondingly splits into two sectors (associated to branes in either singularity) decoupled at the level of massless states. We also describe the effect of complex deformations, associated to geometric transitions triggered by the presence of fractional branes with confinement in their infrared. We provide tools to easily obtain the remaining gauge theory after such partial confinement.
description: 47 pages, 41 figures
A Relationship between the Solar Rotation and Activity Analysed by Tracing Sunspot Groups
Creators: name: Ruždjak, Domagoj
name: Brajša, Roman
name: Sudar, Davor
name: Skokić, Ivica
name: Beljan, Ivana Poljančić
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sunspot position from Greenwich Photoheliographic Results (GPR), US Air Force Solar Optical Observing Network and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USAF/NOAA), and Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) data bases in the period 1874 to 2016 were used to calculate yearly values of the solar differential-rotation parameters $A$ and $B$. The calculated differential-rotation parameters were compared with the solar-activity level. We found that the Sun rotates more differentially at the minimum than at the maximum of activity during the 1977 - 2016 epoch. An inverse correlation between equatorial rotation and solar activity was found using the recently revised sunspot number. The secular decrease of equatorial rotation rate accompanying the increase of activity stopped in the last part of the 20th century. It was noted that when a significant peak of equatorial rotation velocity is observed during minimum of activity, the strength of the next maximum is smaller than the previous one.
description: 13pages, 3 figures