cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spitzer Imaging and Spectral Mapping of the Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8
Creators: name: Ghavamian, Parviz
name: Long, Knox S.
name: Blair, William P.
name: Park, Sangwook
name: Fesen, Robert
name: Gaensler, Bryan M.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Rho, Jeonghee
name: Winkler, P. Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present mid-infrared continuum and emission line images of the Galactic oxygen-rich supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8, acquired using the MIPS and IRS instruments on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The MIPS 24 micron and 70 micron images of G292.0+1.8 are dominated by continuum emission from a network of filaments encircling the SNR. The morphology of the SNR, as seen in the mid-infrared, resembles that seen in X-rays with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Most of the mid-infrared emission in the MIPS images is produced by circumstellar dust heated in the non-radiative shocks around G292.0+1.8, confirming the results of earlier mid-IR observations with AKARI. In addition to emission from hot dust, we have also mapped atomic line emission between 14 micron and 36 micron using IRS spectral maps. The line emission is primarily associated with the bright oxygen-rich optical knots, but is also detected from fast-moving knots of ejecta. We confirm our earlier detection of 15-25 micron emission characteristic of magnesium silicate dust in spectra of the radiatively shocked ejecta. We do not detect silicon line emission from any of the radiatively shocked ejecta in the southeast of the SNR, possibly because that the reverse shock has not yet penetrated most of the Si-rich ejecta in that region. This may indicate that G292.0+1.8 is less evolved in the southeast than the rest of the SNR, and may be further evidence in favor of an asymmetric SN explosion as proposed in recent X-ray studies of G292.0+1.8.
description: 16 pages, 1 table, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Properties of Machine Learning Applications for Use in Metamorphic Testing
Creators: name: Murphy, Christian
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
name: Hu, Lifeng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: It is challenging to test machine learning (ML) applications, which are intended to learn properties of data sets where the correct answers are not already known. In the absence of a test oracle, one approach to testing these applications is to use metamorphic testing, in which properties of the application are exploited to define transformation functions on the input, such that the new output will be unchanged or can easily be predicted based on the original output; if the output is not as expected, then a defect must exist in the application. Here, we seek to enumerate and classify the metamorphic properties of some machine learning algorithms, and demonstrate how these can be applied to reveal defects in the applications of interest. In addition to the results of our testing, we present a set of properties that can be used to define these metamorphic relationships so that metamorphic testing can be used as a general approach to testing machine learning applications.
Recent additions to the taxonomy of invertebrate pathogenic fungi from Thailand
Creators: name: Luangsa-ard, J. Jennifer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Plenary talk by J. Luangsa-ard at the Webinar: “Mycological Biodiversity Research and Drug Discovery based on Thai Fungi”
 17 March 2022, which was held as a hybrid event due to COVID restrictions
Degeneracy induced scaling of the correlation length for periodic models
Creators: name: Nagy, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The broken symmetric phase of scalar models exhibits an infrared fixed point which is induced by the degenerate effective potential. The definition of the correlation length in the infrared regime enables us to determine the type of the phase transition in the model. It is shown that the massive sine-Gordon model exhibits a continuous, while the layered sine-Gordon model has an infinite order Kosterlitz-Thouless type phase transition.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, final version, to appear in Nucl. Phys. B
A MPEG Decoder in SHIM
Creators: name: Joshi, Keerti
name: Kellebrew, Delvin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The emergence of world-wide standards for video compression has created a demand for design tools and simulation resources to support algorithm research and new product development. Because of the need for subjective study in the design of video compression algorithms it is essential that flexible yet computationally efficient tools be developed. For this project, we plan to implement a MPEG standard using the SHIM programming language. The SHIM is a software/hardware integration language whose aim is to provide communication between hardware and software while providing deterministic concurrency. The focus of this project will be to emphasize the efficiency of the SHIM language in embedded applications as compared to other existing implementations.
Heliosphere Dimension and Cosmic Ray Modulation
Creators: name: Bobik, P.
name: Boschini, M. J.
name: Consolandi, C.
name: Della Torre, S.
name: Gervasi, M.
name: Grandi, D.
name: Kudela, K.
name: Noventa, F.
name: Pensotti, S.
name: Rancoita, P. G.
name: Rozza, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The differential intensities of Cosmic Rays at Earth were calculated using a 2D stochastic Montecarlo diffusion code and compared with observation data. We evaluated the effect of stretched and compressed heliospheres on the Cosmic Ray intensities at the Earth. This was studied introducing a dependence of the diffusion parameter on the heliospherical size. Then, we found that the optimum value of the heliospherical radius better accounting for experimental data. We also found that the obtained values depends on solar activity. Our results are compatible with Voyager observations and with models of heliospherical size modulation.
description: To appear on the Proceedings of the 13th ICATPP Conference on Astroparticle, Particle, Space Physics and Detectors for Physics Applications, Villa Olmo (Como, Italy), 3-7 October, 2011, to be published by World Scientific, Singapore (2012)
Towards Using Cached Data Mining for Large Scale Recommender Systems
Creators: name: Sheth, Swapneel Kalpesh
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Recommender systems are becoming increasingly popular. As these systems become commonplace and the number of users increases, it will become important for these systems to be able to cope with a large and diverse set of users whose recommendation needs may be very different from each other. In particular, large scale recommender systems will need to ensure that users' requests for recommendations can be answered with low response times and high throughput. In this paper, we explore how to use caches and cached data mining to improve the performance of recommender systems by improving throughput and reducing response time for providing recommendations. We describe the structure of our cache, which can be viewed as a prefetch cache that prefetches all types of supported recommendations, and how it is used in our recommender system. We also describe the results of our simulation experiments to measure the efficacy of our cache.
Topology-Based Performance Analysis and Optimization of Latency-Insensitive Systems
Creators: name: Collins, Rebecca L.
name: Carloni, Luca
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Latency-insensitive protocols allow system-on-chip engineers to decouple the design of the computing cores from the design of the inter-core communication channels while following the synchronous design paradigm. In a latency-insensitive system (LIS) each core is encapsulated within a shell, a synthesized interface module that dynamically controls its operation. At each clock period, if new data has not arrived on an input channel or a stalling request has arrived on an output channel, the shell stalls the core and buffers other incoming valid data for future processing. The combination of finite buffers and backpressure from stalling can cause throughput degradation. Previous works addressed this problem by increasing buffer space to reduce the backpressure requests or inserting extra buffering to balance the channel latency around a LIS. We explore the theoretical complexity of these approaches and propose a heuristic algorithm for efficient queue sizing. We also practically characterize several LIS topologies and how the topology of a LIS can impact not only how much throughput degradation will occur, but also the difficulty of finding optimal queue sizing solutions.
Colorado water, December 1994
Creators: name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
Inward FDI in Chile and its policy context
Creators: name: Alatorre, José Eduardo
name: Razo, Carlos
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Finance
Economics

description: At the time when many countries were following inward looking economic policies in the 1970s, Chile turned outward and sought foreign direct investment (FDI) as a part of its development strategy. Today, the country has the third largest FDI stock in Latin America, only behind the region's two largest economies. Chile has undertaken various policy efforts to use FDI to promote export diversification, encourage technology transfer and upgrade the country's production capabilities. As a result, Chile has attracted firms operating in more knowledge intensive sectors.
Graphene Nanoribbons with Smooth Edges Behave as Quantum Wires
Creators: name: Wang, Xinran
name: Ouyang, Yijian
name: Jiao, Liying
name: Wang, Hailiang
name: Xie, Liming
name: Wu, Justin
name: Guo, Jing
name: Dai, Hongjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene nanoribbons with perfect edges are predicted to exhibit interesting electronic and spintronic properties, notably quantum-confined bandgaps and magnetic edge states. However, graphene nanoribbons produced by lithography have, to date, exhibited rough edges and low-temperature transport characteristics dominated by defects, mainly variable range hopping between localized states in a transport gap near the Dirac point. Here, we report that one- and two-layer nanoribbons quantum dots made by unzipping carbon nanotubes10 exhibit well-defined quantum transport phenomena, including Coulomb blockade, Kondo effect, clear excited states up to ~20meV, and inelastic co-tunnelling. Along with signatures of intrinsic quantum-confined bandgaps and high conductivities, our data indicate that the nanoribbons behave as clean quantum wires at low temperatures, and are not dominated by defects.
description: To appear in Nature Nanotechnology
Modeling User Search Behavior for Masquerade Detection
Creators: name: Ben Salem, Malek
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Masquerade attacks are a common security problem that is a consequence of identity theft. Masquerade detection may serve as a means of building more secure and dependable systems that authenticate legitimate users by their behavior. Prior work has focused on user command modeling to identify abnormal behavior indicative of impersonation. This paper extends prior work by modeling user search behavior to detect deviations indicating a masquerade attack. We hypothesize that each individual user knows their own file system well enough to search in a limited, targeted and unique fashion in order to find information germane to their current task. Masqueraders, on the other hand, will likely not know the file system and layout of another user's desktop, and would likely search more extensively and broadly in a manner that is different than the victim user being impersonated. We devise a taxonomy of Windows applications and user commands that are used to abstract sequences of user actions and identify actions linked to search activities. The experimental results show that modeling search behavior reliably detects all masqueraders with a very low false positive rate of 1.1%, far better than prior published results. The limited set of features used for search behavior modeling also results in large performance gains over the same modeling techniques that use larger sets of features.
Towards Diversity in Recommendations Using Social Networks
Creators: name: Sheth, Swapneel Kalpesh
name: Bell, Jonathan Schaffer
name: Arora, Nipun
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: While there has been a lot of research towards improving the accuracy of recommender systems, the resulting systems have tended to become increasingly narrow in suggestion variety. An emerging trend in recommendation systems is to actively seek out diversity in recommendations, where the aim is to provide unexpected, varied, and serendipitous recommendations to the user. Our main contribution in this paper is a new approach to diversity in recommendations called "Social Diversity," a technique that uses social network information to diversify recommendation results. Social Diversity utilizes social networks in recommender systems to leverage the diverse underlying preferences of different user communities to introduce diversity into recommendations. This form of diversification ensures that users in different social networks (who may not collaborate in real life, since they are in a different network) share information, helping to prevent siloization of knowledge and recommendations. We describe our approach and show its feasibility in providing diverse recommendations for the MovieLens dataset.
First Ranking of Argentine multinationals finds diversified successes in internationalization
Creators: name: Nofal, Beatriz
name: Nahón, Cecilia
name: Donadille, María Eugenia
name: Pagani, Luciana
name: Fernández, Carolina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Business
Finance

description: ProsperAr, Argentina’s Investment Development Agency, and the Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment (VCC), a joint undertaking of Columbia Law School and The Earth Institute at Columbia University in New York, are releasing the results of the first ever survey of outward investors. The survey is part of a long-term study of the rapid global expansion of multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging markets. The results released today focus on Argentine MNEs in particular. The present survey, conducted in 2009, covers the period 2006-2008.
Markov processes and generalized Schroedinger equations
Creators: name: Andrisani, Andrea
name: Petroni, Nicola Cufaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47D07, 60G51, 60J35

description: Starting from the forward and backward infinitesimal generators of bilateral, time-homogeneous Markov processes, the self-adjoint Hamiltonians of the generalized Schroedinger equations are first introduced by means of suitable Doob transformations. Then, by broadening with the aid of the Dirichlet forms the results of the Nelson stochastic mechanics, we prove that it is possible to associate bilateral, and time-homogeneous Markov processes to the wave functions stationary solutions of our generalized Schroedinger equations. Particular attention is then paid to the special case of the Levy-Schroedinger equations and to their associated Levy-type Markov processes, and to a few examples of Cauchy background noise.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures; corrected as required by referee; references added; in press on J. Math. Phys
Colorado water, July/August 2017
Creators: name: Mokry, Melissa
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Aquifer storage and recovery.
Exploring the Variable Sky with LINEAR. I. Photometric Recalibration with SDSS
Creators: name: Sesar, Branimir
name: Stuart, J. Scott
name: Ivezić, Željko
name: Morgan, Dylan P.
name: Becker, Andrew C.
name: Woźniak, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe photometric recalibration of data obtained by the asteroid survey LINEAR. Although LINEAR was designed for astrometric discovery of moving objects, the dataset described here contains over 5 billion photometric measurements for about 25 million objects, mostly stars. We use SDSS data from the overlapping ~10,000 deg^2 of sky to recalibrate LINEAR photometry, and achieve errors of 0.03 mag for sources not limited by photon statistics, with errors of 0.2 mag at r~18. With its 200 observations per object on average, LINEAR data provide time domain information for the brightest 4 magnitudes of SDSS survey. At the same time, LINEAR extends the deepest similar wide-area variability survey, the Northern Sky Variability Survey, by 3 mag. We briefly discuss the properties of about 7,000 visually confirmed periodic variables, dominated by roughly equal fractions of RR Lyrae stars and eclipsing binary stars, and analyze their distribution in optical and infra-red color-color diagrams. The LINEAR dataset is publicly available from the SkyDOT website (http://skydot.lanl.gov).
description: Corrected some typos to match the published version, AJ in press
Fire and ice : the visual rhetoric of climate change images
Creators: name: Greyson, Cecilia
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the last twenty years, there has been extensive analysis of print and broadcast coverage of climate change, but few scholars have specifically examined the visual images presented with climate change coverage. As a prominent issue of public discourse, climate change has developed its own specific lexicon of cultural signifiers and visual idioms, including images of melting glaciers, polar animals, and a “burning” planet Earth. This project examines visual images associated with climate change coverage from several online (website) sources, including two Google image searches, three media outlet sites, and four non-governmental organization websites that generate literature or information about climate change for an international audience. By analyzing content, thematic elements, and rhetorical issues relating to the displayed images, this project attempts to develop a discussion of the significance of images used by online sources featuring climate change content. Images featuring “ice” and “fire” motifs are still popular, although other generalized, iconic imagery was also evident, depicting smokestacks, alternative energy projects, and extreme weather scenarios. In general, media outlets tended to feature more specific photographic content, while other organizations used more generalized content, often featuring images of de-populated “wild” landscapes that conform to Western cultural rhetoric associated with the natural world.
CP asymmetries in singly-Cabibbo-suppressed $D$ decays to two pseudoscalar mesons
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Bhubanjyoti
name: Gronau, Michael
name: Rosner, Jonathan L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LHCb Collaboration has recently reported evidence for a CP asymmetry approaching the percent level in the difference between $D^0 \to π^+ π^-$ and $D^0 \to K^+ K^-$. We analyze this effect as if it is due to a penguin amplitude with the weak phase of the standard model $c \to b \to u$ loop diagram, but with a CP-conserving enhancement as if due to the strong interactions. In such a case the magnitude and strong phase of this amplitude $P_b$ are correlated in order to fit the observed CP asymmetry, and one may predict CP asymmetries for a number of other singly-Cabibbo-suppressed decays of charmed mesons to a pair of pseudoscalar mesons. Non-zero CP asymmetries are expected for $D^+ \to K^+ \ok$ (the most promising channel for which a non-zero CP asymmetry has not yet been reported), as well as $D^0 \to π^0 π^0$, $D_s^+ \to π^+ \ko$, and $D_s \to π^0 K^+$. No CP asymmetry is predicted for $D^+ \to π^+ π^0$ or $D^0 \to \ko \ok$ in this framework.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, final version to be published in Phys. Rev. D. Some text updated
ReoptSMART: A Learning Query Plan Cache
Creators: name: Stoyanovich, Julia
name: Ross, Kenneth A.
name: Rao, Jun
name: Fan, Wei
name: Markl, Volker
name: Lohman, Guy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The task of query optimization in modern relational database systems is important but can be computationally expensive. Parametric query optimization(PQO) has as its goal the prediction of optimal query execution plans based on historical results, without consulting the query optimizer. We develop machine learning techniques that can accurately model the output of a query optimizer. Our algorithms handle non-linear boundaries in plan space and achieve high prediction accuracy even when a limited amount of data is available for training. We use both predicted and actual query execution times for learning, and are the first to demonstrate a total net win of a PQO method over a state-of-the-art query optimizer for some workloads. ReoptSMART realizes savings not only in optimization time, but also in query execution time, for an over-all improvement by more than an order of magnitude in some cases.
Exact Large-Nc Solution of an Effective Theory for Polyakov Loops at Finite Chemical Potential
Creators: name: Christensen, Christian Holm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the strong coupling expansion we calculate the analytically exact order parameter for the effective theory of Polyakov loops with applied chemical potential in the large-Nc limit.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Note: Title changed, refs added
NetServ Framework Design and Implementation 1.0
Creators: name: Lee, Jae Woo
name: Francescangeli, Roberto
name: Song, Wonsang
name: Janak, Jan
name: Srinivasan, Suman Ramkumar
name: Kester, Michael S.
name: Baset, Salman Abdul
name: Liu, Eric
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
name: Hilt, Volker
name: Despotovic, Zoran
name: Kellerer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Eyeball ISPs today are under-utilizing an important asset: edge routers. We present NetServ, a programmable node architecture aimed at turning edge routers into distributed service hosting platforms. This allows ISPs to allocate router resources to content publishers and application service pro\-vi\-ders motivated to deploy content and services at the network edge. This model provides important benefits over currently available solutions like CDN. Content and services can be brought closer to end users by dynamically installing and removing custom modules as needed throughout the network. Unlike previous programmable router proposals which focused on customizing features of a router, NetServ focuses on deploying content and services. All our design decisions reflect this change in focus. We set three main design goals: a wide-area deployment, a multi-user execution environment, and a clear economic benefit. We built a prototype using Linux, NSIS signaling, and the Java OSGi framework. We also implemented four prototype applications: ActiveCDN provides publisher-specific content distribution and processing; KeepAlive Responder and Media Relay reduce the infrastructure needs of telephony providers; and Overload Control makes it possible to deploy more flexible algorithms to handle excessive traffic.
Colorado water, April 2003
Creators: name: Flanagan, Marian
name: Jacobson, Alex
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
Ultrafast sound production mechanism in one of the smallest vertebrates
Creators: name: Cook, Verity A. N. O.
name: Groneberg, Antonia H.
name: Hoffmann, Maximilian
name: Kadobianskyi, Mykola
name: Veith, Johannes
name: Schulze, Lisanne
name: Henninger, Jörg
name: Britz, Ralf
name: Judkewitz, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: animal communication
subject: biomechanics
subject: emerging model system
subject: optical transparency
subject: sound production
subject: 500 Natural sciences and mathematics::500 Natural sciences::500 Natural sciences and mathematics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Motion is the basis of nearly all animal behavior. Evolution has led to some extraordinary specializations of propulsion mechanisms among invertebrates, including the mandibles of the dracula ant and the claw of the pistol shrimp. In contrast, vertebrate skeletal movement is considered to be limited by the speed of muscle, saturating around 250 Hz. Here, we describe the unique propulsion mechanism by which Danionella cerebrum, a miniature cyprinid fish of only 12 mm length, produces high amplitude sounds exceeding 140 dB (re. 1 µPa, at a distance of one body length). Using a combination of high-speed video, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), RNA profiling, and finite difference simulations, we found that D. cerebrum employ a unique sound production mechanism that involves a drumming cartilage, a specialized rib, and a dedicated muscle adapted for low fatigue. This apparatus accelerates the drumming cartilage at over 2,000 g, shooting it at the swim bladder to generate a rapid, loud pulse. These pulses are chained together to make calls with either bilaterally alternating or unilateral muscle contractions. D. cerebrum use this remarkable mechanism for acoustic communication with conspecifics.
Dynamics and universality in noise driven dissipative systems
Creators: name: Torre, Emanuele G. Dalla
name: Demler, Eugene
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
name: Altman, Ehud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamical properties of low dimensional systems, driven by external noise sources. Specifically we consider a resistively shunted Josephson junction and a one dimensional quantum liquid in a commensurate lattice potential, subject to $1/f$ noise. In absence of nonlinear coupling, we have shown previously that these systems establish a non-equilibrium critical steady state [Nature Phys. 6, 806 (2010)]. Here we use this state as the basis for a controlled renormalization group analysis using the Keldysh path integral formulation to treat the non linearities: the Josephson coupling and the commensurate lattice. The analysis to first order in the coupling constant indicates transitions between superconducting and localized regimes that are smoothly connected to the respective equilibrium transitions. However at second order, the back action of the mode coupling on the critical state leads to renormalization of dissipation and emergence of an effective temperature. In the Josephson junction the temperature is parametrically small allowing to observe a universal crossover between the superconducting and insulating regimes. The IV characteristics of the junction displays algebraic behavior controlled by the underlying critical state over a wide range. In the noisy one dimensional liquid the generated dissipation and effective temperature are not small as in the junction. We find a crossover between a quasi-localized regime dominated by dissipation and another dominated by temperature. However since in the thermal regime the thermalization rate is parametrically small, signatures of the non-equilibrium critical state can be seen in transient dynamics.
description: 30 pages, 8 figures. Revised version
Development of sound production in Danionella cerebrum
Creators: name: Groneberg, Antonia H.
name: Dressler, Lena E.
name: Kadobianskyi, Mykola
name: Müller, Julie
name: Judkewitz, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: acoustic signalling
subject: animal communication
subject: ontogeny
subject: 500 Natural sciences and mathematics::500 Natural sciences::500 Natural sciences and mathematics
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Acoustic signalling, integral to intraspecific communication and reproductive behaviour, undergoes notable changes during an animal's ontogenetic development. The onset and progression of this maturation in fish remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the ontogeny of acoustic communication in the miniature teleost Danionella cerebrum, one of the smallest known vertebrates and an emerging model organism. Its adult males produce audible clicks that appear in sequences with a repetition rate of ∼60 or ∼120 Hz, caused by consecutive unilateral or alternating bilateral compressions of the swim bladder. To investigate the maturation of this ability, we performed long-term sound recordings and morphological studies of the sound production apparatus in D. cerebrum throughout its ontogenetic development. We found that fish start producing clicks during the second month of their lives and continually increase their abundance and structured repetition over the course of the following 1 to 2 months. The sound production machinery, including specialised bone and cartilage structures, starts to form in males after approximately 4 weeks and prior to reaching sexual maturity. Although clicks increase in amplitude as animals mature, click repetition rates of 60 and 120 Hz are stable throughout development. This suggests fully mature pattern generation in juvenile males, yet a continued development of the drumming apparatus capable of creating louder sounds.
Climate and Health in Africa: 10 Years On Workshop Report, UNECA Conference Center, Addis Ababa, April 4-7, 2011
Creators: name: Omumbo, Judith A.
name: Platzer, Barbara L.
name: Girma, Abenet
name: Connor, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Public health
subject: Africans

description: One of the defining challenges of the 21st century is increasingly recognised to be the world’s changing climate. The health consequences of climate variability and change are linked inextricably to poverty, equity and development choices. Protecting health from climate impacts is now a priority for the public health community. The need for this is greatest in developing countries, where vulnerable people do not have the basic economic choices and infrastructure to cope with the varying climate. These communities bear a disproportionately large burden of infectious diseases and climate related disasters while having the poorest access to effective public health services. Climate change will exacerbate this inequity.
Intersexual Twins due to Tetragametic Chimerism
Creators: name: Wimmer, Rainer
name: Neumann, Uta
name: Weber, André
name: Isau, Melanie
name: Renner-Luetzkendorf, Heike
name: Zschieschang, Petra
name: Wachter, Oliver
name: Hirv, Kaimo
name: Stumm, Markus
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cesarean section
subject: child
subject: chimerism
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Disorders of or differences in sexual development (DSD) are defined by congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex are atypical. Here, we report on monochorionic diamniotic twins delivered by Caesarean section in the 36th week of pregnancy. Monochorionic twins are usually monozygous and thus should have the same sexual differentiation. In this case, one twin had female external genitalia, while the other showed ambiguous genitalia. At first, a diagnosis of mixed gonadal dysgenesis was proposed because of the obvious sexual discrepancy between the supposedly monozygous twins. Cytogenetic analyses were performed to assure the sex chromosome status for both children. Male and female cells were found subsequently in both children. While hematopoietic chimerism of monochorionic dizygous twins as a result of twin-to-twin blood transfusion is a rare but already well documented phenomenon, to our knowledge this is the first case description of tetragametic chimerism that led to intersexuality.
Electrical activation and electron spin resonance measurements of implanted bismuth in isotopically enriched silicon-28
Creators: name: Weis, C. D.
name: Lo, C. C.
name: Lang, V.
name: Tyryshkin, A. M.
name: George, R. E.
name: Yu, K. M.
name: Bokor, J.
name: Lyon, S. A.
name: Morton, J. J. L.
name: Schenkel, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed continuous wave and pulsed electron spin resonance measurements of implanted bismuth donors in isotopically enriched silicon-28. Donors are electrically activated via thermal annealing with minimal diffusion. Damage from bismuth ion implantation is repaired during thermal annealing as evidenced by narrow spin resonance linewidths (B_pp=12uT and long spin coherence times T_2=0.7ms, at temperature T=8K). The results qualify ion implanted bismuth as a promising candidate for spin qubit integration in silicon.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Colorado water, September/October 2016
Creators: name: Mokry, Melissa
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to highlighting water research and activities at CSU and throughout Colorado.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Center. Theme: Reaching higher: implementing the Colorado Water Plan's goals for stream management.
Time-dependent density functional theory for open spin chains
Creators: name: de Falco, Diego
name: Tamascelli, Dario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The application of methods of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to systems of qubits provided the interesting possibility of simulating an assigned Hamiltonian evolution by means of an auxiliary Hamiltonian having different two-qubit interactions and hence a possibly simpler wave function evolution. In this note we extend these methods to some instances of Lindblad evolution of a spin chain.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Individual Homelessness: Entries, Exits, and Policy
Creators: name: O'Flaherty, Brendan Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics
Homelessness
Homelessness--Government policy

description: Homelessness is part of the lives of many people. But almost no one is homeless for all or most of his or her life. The median shelter homeless spell is well under a month, and even "chronic homelessness" officially entails spells of a year or so. I model homelessness as part of people's lives in a dynamic stochastic framework in continuous time. I can explain many empirical regularities with a parsimonious model: for instance, why the last addresses of homeless people are concentrated in a few low-rent neighborhoods, why homeless entries are hard to predict, why recidivism is common and past homelessness is a good predictor of future homelessness, why some groups recidivate more often than others, why the hazard rate for shelter exit is single-peaked, why effective homelessness prevention programs do not alter the average length of homeless spells. I also examine policy. The optimal homelessness prevention program is Pigouvian and starkly simple. With an optimal prevention program in place, optimal shelter quality maximizes a simple and intuitive expression, and insurance programs always raise social welfare. Most of the previous economics literature about homelessness has been static, but most literature about homelessness outside economics has been dynamic. This paper tries to bring the two strands of literature closer together.
Demographic characterization of human dynamics models with time-use and travel surveys
Creators: name: Tuccillo, Joseph
name: Gaboardi, James
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Understanding human dynamics – how people live, move, and interact – is critical to support public service delivery in fields including transportation, energy, and health. Digital trace data provides rich information about occupancy at points of interest (POIs) and flows among locations at varying times. However, notions of "who" moves and interacts, at which times, and in which places, are difficult to obtain using current data sources. To address this issue, we present a novel approach for characterizing human dynamics by incorporating demographic factors including life course, living arrangement, and socioeconomic status. Including such information in human dynamics models enables more direct impact assessments of spatial planning and policy interventions – for example, promoting situational awareness of epidemics by estimating variation in social contact networks at different times of day. To preserve individual privacy, this research is built upon synthetic populations and activity trajectories derived from public-use data sources. We develop a spatial microsimulation model that 1) generates synthetic populations from American Community Survey data, 2) assigns agents from the synthetic population activity profiles derived from the American Time Use Survey and National Household Travel Survey, and 3) simulates trip chains (e.g., home, school, errands) for agents based on multimodal travel on real-world transportation networks derived from OpenStreetMap. We present a proof of concept that simulates routine weekday and weekend activities for various demographic segments in United States metropolitan areas, then validate it against observed activities from commercial mobility datasets.
Pharmakotherapeutische Akutbehandlung der Depression und Transgenerationale Suizidalität
Creators: name: Henssler, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: depression
subject: antidepressants
subject: suicidality
subject: meta-analyses
subject: psychiatry
subject: psychopharmacology
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Die besondere Herausforderung der medizinischen Wissenschaft besteht heutzutage darin, die zunehmend unüberschaubare Fülle weltweiter Forschungsergebnisse in für die Therapie verwertbare Botschaften umzumünzen. Diese Überlegung bildet das Fundament und den Antrieb aller in dieser Habilitationsschrift vorgelegten Arbeiten. Inhaltlich befassen sich die Arbeiten mit der Pharmakotherapie der akuten Depression und der Transgenerationalität des Suizidrisikos. Die Fragen nach der relativen Wirksamkeit von Antidepressiva gegenüber Placebo und nach dem optimalen Behandlungsvorgehen bei unzureichendem Ansprechen auf eine erste Therapie mit Antidepressiva zählen zu den klinisch wohl drängendsten Fragen in der Akutbehandlung der Depression. Vor diesem Hintergrund behandelt der Hauptteil der in der vorliegenden Arbeit präsentierten Studien pharmakotherapeutische Aspekte der Akutbehandlung affektiver Störungen. Im Zentrum der wissenschaftlichen Forschungen steht dabei die Behandlung der unipolaren Depression mit Antidepressiva in der Akutphase der Erkrankung. Gemeinsames Ziel der entsprechenden in der Habilitationsschrift zusammengefassten Studien ist es u.a. der Praxis wissenschaftlich abgesicherte Informationen über den optimalen Einsatz von Antidepressiva zur Verfügung zu stellen. Geforscht wurde u. a. nach statistisch belastbaren Anhaltspunkten, ob eine langfristige antidepressive Wirkung nicht allein auf den natürlichen Verlauf der Erkrankung, sondern auch auf eine pharmakologische Wirkung zurückzuführen ist. Weitere Forschungen behandeln die Fragen nach dem Verlauf des Ansprechens auf eine Pharmakotherapie, dem optimalen Zeitpunkt eines Therapiewechsels bei unzureichendem Ansprechen, sowie die Frage nach Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der antidepressiven Kombinationstherapie. Als eigenständiger weiterer Forschungsschwerpunkt wird die Transgenerationalität affektiver Störungen am Beispiel der Suizidalität betrachtet. Hier ging es dem Verfasser und den weiteren Mitgliedern des Forschungsteams darum, das transgenerationale Suizidrisiko zu quantifizieren, sowie auf Basis der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zu Transmissionswegen und Einflussfaktoren ein Modell der familiären Weitergabe von Suizidalität zu entwerfen, anhand dessen Strategien zur Suizidprävention für die Praxis entwickelt werden können. Eine verbindende Klammer zwischen allen vorgestellten Studien ist die gewählte Forschungsmethode. So beruhen sämtliche in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Ergebnisse auf der Methodik der Meta-Analyse. In diese spezifische Methode wird daher in einem einleitenden Kapitel gesondert eingeführt.
On convex problems in chance-constrained stochastic model predictive control
Creators: name: Cinquemani, Eugenio
name: Agarwal, Mayank
name: Chatterjee, Debasish
name: Lygeros, John
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Stochastic control
Convex optimization
Probabilistic constraints

description: We investigate constrained optimal control problems for linear stochastic dynamical systems evolving in discrete time. We consider minimization of an expected value cost over a finite horizon. Hard constraints are introduced first, and then reformulated in terms of probabilistic constraints. It is shown that, for a suitable parametrization of the control policy, a wide class of the resulting optimization problems are convex, or admit reasonable convex approximations.
Forschungsdaten und digitale Langzeitarchivierung - Überschneidungen und Unterschiede in den Perspektiven der Communities
Creators: name: Lindlar, Micky
name: Schumann, Natascha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: digital preservation
research data management

description: Der Vortrag gibt einen kurzen Überblick über Unterschiede und Überschneidungen zwischen Forschungsdatenmanagement und digitaler Langzeitarchivierung aus den Blickwickeln der Theorie und Praxis. Der Vortrag wurde anlässlich des nestor Praktikertags 2020 gehalten. Das volle Programm des Praktikertags inkl. der Videoaufzeichnungen der Vorträge findet sich auf der nestor Seite: https://www.langzeitarchivierung.de/Webs/nestor/DE/Veranstaltungen_und_Termine/Praktikertag/2020praktikertag.html
Targeted Transfers and the Fiscal Response to the Great Recession
Creators: name: Oh, Hyunseung
name: Reis, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics

description: Between 2007 and 2009, government expenditures increased rapidly across the OECD countries. While economic research on the impact of government purchases has flourished, in the data, about three quarters of the increase in expenditures in the United States (and more in other countries) was in government transfers. We document this fact, and show that the increase in U.S. spending on retirement, disability, and medical care has been as high as the increase in government purchases. We argue that future research should focus on the positive impact of transfers. Towards this, we present a model in which there is no representative agent and Ricardian equivalence does not hold because of uncertainty, imperfect credit markets, and nominal rigidities. Targeted lump-sum transfers are expansionary both because of a neoclassical wealth effect and because of a Keynesian aggregate demand effect.
Newtonian and elastic liquid jet interaction with a moving surface
Creators: name: Keshavarz, Bavand
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In the railroad industry a friction modifying agent may be applied to the rail or to the wheel in the form of a liquid jet. In this mode of application the interaction between the high speed liquid jet and a fast moving surface is important. Seven different Newtonian liquids with widely varying shear viscosities along with twelve different solutions of polyethylenoxide (PEO) and water with varying relaxation times were tested to isolate the effect of viscosity and elasticity from other fluid properties. Tests for the Newtonian liquids were done with five surfaces having different roughness heights to investigate the effects of surface roughness. High speed video imaging was employed to scrutinize the interaction between the impacting jet and the moving surface. For both Newtonian and Elastic liquids and all surfaces, decreasing the Reynolds number reduced the incidence of splash and consequently enhanced the transfer efficiency. At the elevated Weber numbers of the testing, the Weber number had a much smaller impact on splash than did the Reynolds number. The ratio of the surface velocity to the jet velocity has only a small effect on the splash, whereas increasing the roughness-height-to-jet-diameter ratio substantially decreased the splash threshold. Moreover, the Deborah number was also salient to the splash of elastic liquids.
Colorado water, November/December 2014
Creators: name: Middleton, Lindsey A.
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University. Theme: Water conflict, mediation, and facilitation.