cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards observable signatures of other bubble universes
Creators: name: Aguirre, Anthony
name: Johnson, Matthew C
name: Shomer, Assaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the possibility of observable effects arising from collisions between vacuum bubbles in a universe undergoing false-vacuum eternal inflation. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that under certain assumptions most positions inside a bubble should have access to a large number of collision events. We calculate the expected number and angular size distribution of such collisions on an observer's "sky," finding that for typical observers the distribution is anisotropic and includes many bubbles, each of which will affect the majority of the observer's sky. After a qualitative discussion of the physics involved in collisions between arbitrary bubbles, we evaluate the implications of our results, and outline possible detectable effects. In an optimistic sense, then, the present paper constitutes a first step in an assessment of the possible effects of other bubble universes on the cosmic microwave background and other observables.
description: 17 PRD-style pages including 13 embedded figures. Minor corrections to figures 4 and 7 and added discussion in Sec. III.E.2 and V
Mental health issues in childhood and adolescence, psychosocial resources and socioeconomic status – An analysis of the KiGGS Wave 2 data
Creators: name: Schmidtke, Claudia
name: Geene, Raimund
name: Hölling, Heike
name: Lampert, Thomas
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mental Health Burdens
subject: Psychosocial Resources
subject: Kiggs Wave 2
subject: Social Situation-Based Health Promotion
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Mental health burdens are among the most common health issues in childhood and adolescence. Psychosocial resources can act as protective factors and can help in preventing the development and reduce the symptoms of mental health issues. This article discusses this relationship and the availability of these resources within the three different social status groups among 11- to 17-year-olds. The database is the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014–2017). Mental health issues were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires; psychosocial resources via self-reported personal, family and social resources; social status was ascertained through a multidimensional index based on the information provided by parents on education, occupational status and income. The analyses show that 11- to 17-year-olds who have psychosocial resources are less likely to show mental health issues (independent of their social status) and that, compared to high social status, mental health issues are more frequently associated with low social status. Children from (socially) worse-off families have less access to resources. The results consequently highlight the importance of prevention and health promotion measures directed at strengthening resources. Focusing such measures on the needs of disadvantaged population groups should contribute to health equity.
Well-posedness of a Cahn–Hilliard system modelling tumour growth with chemotaxis and active transport
Creators: name: Garcke, Harald
name: Lam, Kei Fong
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: DIFFUSE INTERFACE MODEL; LONG-TIME BEHAVIOR; HELE-SHAW CELL; MIXTURE MODEL; RECONNECTION; SIMULATION; PINCHOFF; Tumour growth; phase field model; Cahn-Hilliard equation; reaction-diffusion equations; chemotaxis; weak solutions; well-posedness
subject: 510 Mathematik

description: We consider a diffuse interface model for tumour growth consisting of a Cahn-Hilliard equation with source terms coupled to a reaction-diffusion equation. The coupled system of partial differential equations models a tumour growing in the presence of a nutrient species and surrounded by healthy tissue. The model also takes into account transport mechanisms such as chemotaxis and active transport. We establish well-posedness results for the tumour model and a variant with a quasi-static nutrient. It will turn out that the presence of the source terms in the Cahn-Hilliard equation leads to new difficulties when one aims to derive a priori estimates. However, we are able to prove continuous dependence on initial and boundary data for the chemical potential and for the order parameter in strong norms.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Peoples of a Sonoran Desert Oasis: Recovering the Lost History and Culture of Quitobaquito
Creators: name: Radding, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Duke University Press
Year: 2024

description: Jared Orsi’s sensitive portrait of Quitobaquito builds a stirring tribute to the Tohono
O’odham and Hia C’ed O’odham, whose ancestral territory encompassed northwestern
Sonora and southwestern Arizona. His clarion call to recover the lost histories of a desert
oasis raises a well-researched critique of attempts by the National Park Service (NPS)
to render Quitobaquito a wilderness within the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument.
Machine learning moment closure models for the radiative transfer equation I: directly learning a gradient based closure
Creators: name: Huang, Juntao
name: Cheng, Yingda
name: Christlieb, Andrew J.
name: Roberts, Luke F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we take a data-driven approach and apply machine learning to the moment closure problem for radiative transfer equation in slab geometry. Instead of learning the unclosed high order moment, we propose to directly learn the gradient of the high order moment using neural networks. This new approach is consistent with the exact closure we derive for the free streaming limit and also provides a natural output normalization. A variety of benchmark tests, including the variable scattering problem, the Gaussian source problem with both periodic and reflecting boundaries, and the two-material problem, show both good accuracy and generalizability of our machine learning closure model.
Palliative Care Referral in Adult Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: An Integrative Literature Review.
Creators: name: Short, Abigail C
name: Kuroki, Mika
name: Coombs, Lorinda A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Context: Hematologic malignancies are often unpredictable, aggressive, and may require treatments such as hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Although morbidity and mortality are significantly amplified during the HSCT process, palliative care (PC) services are historically underutilized by HSCT providers for issues such as symptom management, prognosis understanding, goals of care, and advanced care planning. Objective: This review aimed to assess the impact of PC on the adult HSCT standard of care and examine the effects on patients' quality of life during the acute phase of allogeneic HSCT. Methodology: We conducted an integrative literature search through PubMed and CINAHL databases and utilized the PRISMA guidelines for formal review. The authors reviewed a total of 19 full-text articles. Results: Four major themes were generated from a review of the evidence: (1) Physical and Psychosocial HSCT symptoms, (2) Misconceptions of PC, (3) PC Integration on Quality of Life, and (4) Early PC integration and HSCT recipients. The consensus suggests that interdisciplinary PC during HSCT enhances the quality of care. Conclusion: Discussion of this evidence further exemplifies the need to identify unmet palliative needs earlier so that PC may be integrated before the severe consequences of HSCT. Future work should focus on investigating and evaluating effective and efficient integration of HSCT and PC specialties to optimize the quality of care.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Low oxygen levels can help to prevent the detrimental effect of acute warming on mitochondrial efficiency in fish
Creators: name: Thoral, Elisa
name: Roussel, Damien
name: Chinopoulos, Christos
name: Teulier, Loïc
name: Salin, Karine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Environmental Science

description: Aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms is highly sensitive to fluctuating climates. Many mitochondrial traits exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to acute variations in temperature and oxygen availability. These responses are critical for understanding the effects of environmental variations on aquatic ectotherms, performance. Using the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, we determined the effects of acute warming and deoxygenation in vitro on mitochondrial respiratory capacities and mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP (ATP/O ratio). We show that acute warming reduced ATP/O ratio but deoxygenation marginally raised ATP/O ratio, leading to a compensatory effect of low oxygen availability on mitochondrial ATP/O ratio at high temperature. The acute effect of warming and deoxygenation on mitochondrial efficiency might be related to the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, as the mitochondrial respiration required to counteract the proton leak increased with warming and decreased with deoxygenation. Our study underlines the importance of integrating the combined effects of temperature and oxygen availability on mitochondrial metabolism. Predictions on decline in performance of aquatic ectotherms owing to climate change may not be accurate, since these predictions typically look at respiratory capacity and ignore efficiency of ATP production.
An HI Threshold for Star Cluster Formation in Tidal Debris
Creators: name: Maybhate, A.
name: Masiero, J.
name: Hibbard, J. E.
name: Charlton, J. C.
name: Palma, C.
name: Knierman, K. A.
name: English, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super star clusters are young, compact star clusters found in the central regions of interacting galaxies. Recently, they have also been reported to preferentially form in certain tidal tails, but not in others. In this paper, we have used 21 cm HI maps and the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 images of eight tidal tail regions of four merging galaxy pairs to compare the kiloparsec scale HI distribution with the location of super star clusters found from the optical images. For most of the tails, we find that there is an increase in super star cluster density with increasing projected HI column density, such that the star cluster density is highest when log N(HI) >= 20.6 cm^{-2}, but equal to the background count rate at lower HI column density. However, for two tails (NGC 4038/39 Pos A and NGC 3921), there is no significant star cluster population despite the presence of gas at high column density. This implies that the N(HI) threshold is a necessary but not sufficient condition for cluster formation. Gas volume density is likely to provide a more direct criterion for cluster formation, and other factors such as gas pressure or strength of encounter may also have an influence. Comparison of HI thresholds needed for formation of different types of stellar structures await higher resolution HI and optical observations of larger numbers of interacting galaxies.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Municipal police and the economic mobility gap between black and white males in the US
Creators: name: O’Brien, Rourke
name: Schechtl, Manuel
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Estimates of intergenerational economic mobility for a recent U.S. birth cohort published by Opportunity Insights reveal a striking empirical puzzle: while there is a substantial gap in the upward mobility outcomes achieved by low-income Black and White males there is no such racial mobility gap for females. This study examines municipal police force size as a potential driver of these disparate mobility patterns. Although a larger police force may enhance mobility outcomes for all low-income children through reducing exposure to crime, for Black males prior work suggests this will be offset by the disparate negative impact of increased contact with the criminal justice system. Analyzing a sample of 200 major U.S. cities, linear models find a positive association between the number of police officers per capita and the size of the racial mobility gap for males, but not for females. We go on to show more police personnel in the late 1990s is associated with an increased gap in the likelihood of incarceration for Black males relative to White males. Taken together, our findings point to the heterogeneous impacts of policing for different race-sex groups as one potential explanation for why we observe a racial mobility gap between Black and White males and why this gap is larger in some cities and smaller in others.
Dust formation in a long-period colliding wind binary WR 125
Creators: name: Arora, Bharti
name: J. C. Pandey
name: M. De Becker
name: S. B. Pandey
name: N. K. Chakradhari
name: S. Sharma
name: B. Kumar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: A long-term infrared and X-ray investigation of the colliding-wind binary WR 125 (WC7+O9III) has been performed. The source appeared brighter in the near and mid infrared wavebands during the years 2017–2021. The infrared excess is attributed to another episode of dust formation after similar instance reported at the beginning of the 1990s during its periastron passage. Long-term modulations have also been observed in the X-ray flux measurements. Both infrared and X-ray emission variations suggest an orbital period ~28-29 years. Multiwavelength observations of WR 125 allowed to draw relevant guidelines for future exploration of this massive binary.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Low oxygen levels can help to prevent the detrimental effect of acute warming on mitochondrial efficiency in fish
Creators: name: Thoral, Elisa
name: Roussel, Damien
name: Chinopoulos, Christos
name: Teulier, Loïc
name: Salin, Karine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Environmental Science

description: Aerobic metabolism of aquatic ectotherms is highly sensitive to fluctuating climates. Many mitochondrial traits exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to acute variations in temperature and oxygen availability. These responses are critical for understanding the effects of environmental variations on aquatic ectotherms performance. Using the European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax, we determined the effects of acute warming and deoxygenation in vitro on mitochondrial respiratory capacities and mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP (ATP/O ratio). We show that acute warming reduced ATP/O ratio but deoxygenation marginally raised ATP/O ratio, leading to compensatory effect of low oxygen availability on mitochondrial ATP/O ratio at high temperature. The acute effect of warming and deoxygenation on mitochondrial efficiency might be related to the leak of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, as the mitochondrial respiration required to counteract the proton leak increased with warming and decreased with deoxygenation. Our study underlines the importance of integrating the combined effects of temperature and oxygen availability on mitochondrial metabolism. Predictions on decline in performance of aquatic ectotherms due to climate change may not be accurate, since these predictions typically look at respiratory capacity and ignore efficiency of ATP production.
A RoboStack Tutorial: Using the Robot Operating System Alongside the Conda and Jupyter Data Science Ecosystems
Creators: name: Fischer, Tobias
name: Vollprecht, Wolf
name: Traversaro, Silvio
name: Yen, Sean
name: Herrero, Carlos
name: Milford, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We argue that it is beneficial to tightly couple the widely-used Robot Operating System with Conda, a cross-platform, language-agnostic package manager, and Jupyter, a web-based interactive computational environment affording scientific computing. We provide new ROS packages for Conda, enabling the installation of ROS alongside data-science and machine-learning packages with ease. Multiple ROS versions (currently ROS1 Melodic and Noetic, as well as ROS2 Foxy and Galactic) can run simultaneously on one machine, with pre-compiled binaries available for Linux, Windows and OSX, and the ARM architecture (e.g. the Raspberry Pi and the new Apple Silicon). To deal with the large size of the ROS ecosystem, we significantly improved the speed of the Conda solver and build system by rewriting the crucial parts in C++. We further contribute a collection of JupyterLab extensions for ROS, including plugins for live plotting, debugging and robot control, as well as tight integration with Zethus, an RViz like visualization tool. Taken together, RoboStack combines the best of the data-science and robotics worlds to help researchers and developers to build custom solutions for their academic and industrial projects.
description: IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine
On UHECR energy estimation algorithms based on the measurement of electromagnetic component parameters in EAS
Creators: name: Ivanov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Model calculations are performed of extensive air shower (EAS) component energies using a variety of hadronic interaction parameters. A conversion factor from electromagnetic component energy to the energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) and its model and primary mass dependence is studied. It is shown that model dependence of the factor minimizes under the necessary condition of the same maximum position and muon content of simulated showers.
description: contracted version is accepted for publication in Doklady Physics
Are Low-energy Data already Hinting at Five Dimensions?
Creators: name: Haba, Naoyuki
name: Okada, Nobuchika
name: Yamada, Toshifumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-energy data, combined with renormalization group (RG) equations, can predict new physics at far higher energy scales. In this paper, we consider the possibility that the measured Higgs boson mass and top quark mass hint at a five-dimensional gauge-Higgs unification (5D GHU) model at a scale above TeV. We note that the vanishing of the Higgs quartic coupling and the proximity of the top quark Yukawa coupling and weak gauge coupling at high scales, inferred from the experimental data, are in harmony with 5D GHU, because in 5D GHU models the Higgs quartic coupling is forbidden by the 5D gauge symmetry and the Yukawa couplings and the weak gauge coupling originate from a common 5D gauge coupling. Based on the above insight, we propose a 5D GHU model where the Standard Model fermions are embedded in 5D fermions in a way to tightly relate the top Yukawa coupling with the weak gauge coupling. Also, the model predicts the presence of vector-like fermions (other than the Kaluza-Klein modes), which can affect the RG evolutions of the 4D theory and reconcile the scale of vanishing Higgs quartic coupling and that of equality of the top Yukawa and weak gauge couplings, thereby achieving a successful matching of the 4D theory with 5D GHU. We predict the vector-like fermion mass and the compactification scale of 5D GHU from the conditions for the successful matching.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures. Derivation of the matching condition for the Higgs quartic coupling is added as an appendix. Version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Anomalous Hall signatures of nonsymmorphic nodal lines in doped chromium chalcospinel CuCr$_2$Se$_4$
Creators: name: Samanta, Subhasis
name: Chen, Gang
name: Kim, Heung-Sik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An emerging phase of matter among the class of topological materials is nodal line semimetal, possessing symmetry-protected one-dimensional gapless lines at the (or close to) the Fermi level in $k$-space. When the $k$-dispersion of the nodal line is weak, van Hove singularities generated by the almost flat nodal lines may be prone to instabilities introduced by additional perturbations such as spin-orbit coupling or magnetism. Here, we study Cr-based ferromagnetic chalcospinel compound CuCr$_2$Se$_4$ (CCS) via first-principles electronic structure methods and reveal the true origin of its dissipationless anomalous Hall conductivity, which was not well understood previously. We find that CCS hosts nodal lines protected by nonsymmorphic symmetries, located in the vicinity of Fermi level, and that such nodal lines are the origin of the previously observed distinct behavior of the anomalous Hall signature in the presence of electron doping. The splitting of nodal line via spin-orbit coupling produces a large Berry curvature, which leads to a significant response in anomalous Hall conductivity. Upon electron doping via chemical substitution or gating, or rotation of magnetization via external magnetic field, steep change of anomalous Hall behavior occurs, which makes CCS a promising compound for low energy spintronics applications.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
CRC-Aided List Decoding of Convolutional Codes in the Short Blocklength Regime
Creators: name: Yang, Hengjie
name: Liang, Ethan
name: Pan, Minghao
name: Wesel, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the concatenation of a convolutional code (CC) with an optimized cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code as a promising paradigm for good short blocklength codes. The resulting CRC-aided convolutional code naturally permits the use of serial list Viterbi decoding (SLVD) to achieve maximum-likelihood decoding. The convolutional encoder of interest is of rate-$1/ω$ and the convolutional code is either zero-terminated (ZT) or tail-biting (TB). The resulting CRC-aided convolutional code is called a CRC-ZTCC or a CRC-TBCC. To design a good CRC-aided convolutional code, we propose the distance-spectrum optimal (DSO) CRC polynomial. A DSO CRC search algorithm for the TBCC is provided. Our analysis reveals that the complexity of SLVD is governed by the expected list rank which converges to $1$ at high SNR. This allows a good performance to be achieved with a small increase in complexity. In this paper, we focus on transmitting $64$ information bits with a rate-$1/2$ convolutional encoder. For a target error probability $10^{-4}$, simulations show that the best CRC-ZTCC approaches the random-coding union (RCU) bound within $0.4$ dB. Several CRC-TBCCs outperform the RCU bound at moderate SNR values.
description: First revision submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
vdW-DF-ahcx: a range-separated van der Waals density functional hybrid
Creators: name: Shukla, Vivekanand
name: Jiao, Yang
name: Frostenson, Carl
name: Hyldgaard, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid density functionals replace a fraction of an underlying generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) exchange description with a Fock-exchange component. Range-separated hybrids (RSHs) also effectively screen the Fock-exchange component and thus open the door for characterizations of metals and adsorption at metal surfaces. The RSHs are traditionally based on a robust GGA, such as PBE [PRL $\textbf{77}$, 3865 (1996)], for example, as implemented in the HSE design [JPC $\textbf{118}$, 8207 (2003)]. Here we define a RSH extension to the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method [ROPP $\textbf{78}$, 066501 (2015)], launching vdW-DF-ahcx. We use an analytical-hole (AH) framework [JCP $\textbf{128}$, 194105 (2008)] to characterize the GGA-type exchange in the vdW-DF-cx version [PRB $\textbf{89}$, 075148 (2014)], isolate the short-ranged exchange component, and define the new RSH. We find that the performance vdW-DF-ahcx compares favorably to (dispersion-corrected) HSE for descriptions of bulk (broad molecular) properties. We also find that it provides accurate descriptions of noble-metal surface properties, including CO adsorption.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
A spectrophotometric investigation of the respiratory cytochromes of aerobically-grown Escherichia coli K-12
Creators: name: Withers, Howard Keith
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The cytochrome o and cytochrome d oxidase complexes provide twin termini for the branched respiratory chain of aerobically grown Escherichia coli. Combined use of mutant strains, modulated growth conditions and high resolution analytical techniques enabled cytochromes to be resolved, identified and partially characterized. The cytochrome complement of everted membrane vesicles and detergent extracts fractionated by liquid chromatography is more complex than previously recognised. Multiple type-b cytochromes were resolved by potentiometry and by high resolution spectrophotometry in membrane vesicles from mutant strains lacking the cytochrome d oxidase complex and grown under conditions minimising respiratory chain diversity. Cytochrome o was identified with Em = +235 mV (vs. NHE) as were low potential cytochromes associated with dehydrogenases. Spectrally distinct components of the cytochrome d complex yielded Em values of +125 mV (cytochrome 6595) and +187 mV (cytochrome d). The latter displayed atypical redox behaviour with extreme hysteresis during potentiometric titrations. Several cytochromes b₅₅₆ displaying single, symmetrical redox α-bands at 77 K were resolved from detergent extracts of vesicles. Mutant strains identified one with Mr = 52500 (gel filtration) and Em = +20 mV as the sdhC gene product, a component of succinate dehydrogenase. DL-lactate induced another while a hydroperoxidase, Mr = 386000 (gel filtration) with twin Em values of -2mV and -121 mV and a split Soret absorption band at 77 K (λ[symbol omitted]max= 426.0 nm + 434.0 nm) was produced under limited oxygen tension. The Triton-solubilized and purified cytochrome 0 complex exhibited Mr = 516000 (gel filtration) with five component peptides of Mr= 55000, 32000, 31000, 21000 and 16000 (SDS-PAGE). It displayed mid-point potentials of -58 mV, +127 mV and +260 mV and three a-absorption maxima at 77 K : 554.5 nm, 557.0 nm and 563.5 nm. These components were reduced equivalently during poised-potential low temperature spectrophotometric analyses. Carbon monoxide binding changed the complex's redox α-absorption spectrum minimally but shifted the high potential Em to approximately +420 mV. Quinone analogues inhibited both reduction and reoxidation of the complex. Cytochrome o complex prepared from cloned sources contained a significantly greater proportion of the component with mid range electrochemical potential absorbing at 554.0 nm. These results are discussed in relation to possible structures of the complex, its respiratory interactions and the identity of cytochrome o itself.
Automated Lesion Segmentation in Whole-Body FDG-PET/CT
Creators: name: Gatidis, Sergios
name: Küstner, Thomas
name: Ingrisch, Michael
name: Fabritius, Matthias
name: Cyran, Clemens
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: PET/CT
FDG
tumor
segmentation

description: Positron Emission Tomography / Computed Tomography (PET/CT) is an integral part of the diagnostic workup for various malignant solid tumor entities. Due to its wide applicability, Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most widely used PET tracer in an oncological setting reflecting glucose consumption of tissues, e.g. typically increased glucose consumption of tumor lesions.
 As part of the clinical routine analysis, PET/CT is mostly analyzed in a qualitative way by experienced medical imaging experts. Additional quantitative evaluation of PET information would potentially allow for more precise and individualized diagnostic decisions.
 A crucial initial processing step for quantitative PET/CT analysis is segmentation of tumor lesions enabling accurate feature extraction, tumor characterization, oncologic staging and image-based therapy response assessment. Manual lesion segmentation is however associated with enormous effort and cost and is thus infeasible in clinical routine. Automation of this task is thus necessary for widespread clinical implementation of comprehensive PET image analysis. Recent progress in automated PET/CT lesions segmentation using deep learning methods has demonstrated the principle feasibility of this task. However, despite these recent advances tumor lesion detection and segmentation in whole-body PET/CT is still a challenging task. The specific difficulty of lesion segmentation in FDG-PET lies in the fact that not only tumor lesions but also healthy organs (e.g. the brain) can have significant FDG uptake; avoiding false positive segmentations can thus be difficult. One bottleneck for progress in automated PET lesion segmentation is the limited availability of training data that would allow for algorithm development and optimization.
 To promote research on machine learning-based automated tumor lesion segmentation on whole-body FDGPET/CT data we propose the autoPET challenge and provide a large, publicly available training data set.
Stability of ecological systems: A theoretical review
Creators: name: Wang, Xu-Wen
name: Chen, Can
name: Liu, Yang-Yu
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: The stability of ecological systems is a fundamental concept in ecology, which offers profound insights into species coexistence, biodiversity, and community persistence. In this article, we provide a systematic and comprehensive review on the theoretical frameworks for analyzing the stability of ecological systems. Notably, we survey various stability notions, including linear stability, sign stability, diagonal stability, D-stability, total stability, sector stability, and structural stability. For each of these stability notions, we examine necessary or sufficient conditions for achieving such stability and demonstrate the intricate interplay of these conditions on the network structures of ecological systems. We further discuss the stability of ecological systems with higher-order interactions.
The effect of fading, channel inversion, and threshold scheduling on ad hoc networks
Creators: name: Weber, Steven
name: Andrews, Jeffrey G.
name: Jindal, Nihar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper addresses three issues in the field of ad hoc network capacity: the impact of i)channel fading, ii) channel inversion power control, and iii) threshold-based scheduling on capacity. Channel inversion and threshold scheduling may be viewed as simple ways to exploit channel state information (CSI) without requiring cooperation across transmitters. We use the transmission capacity (TC) as our metric, defined as the maximum spatial intensity of successful simultaneous transmissions subject to a constraint on the outage probability (OP). By assuming the nodes are located on the infinite plane according to a Poisson process, we are able to employ tools from stochastic geometry to obtain asymptotically tight bounds on the distribution of the signal-to-interference (SIR) level, yielding in turn tight bounds on the OP (relative to a given SIR threshold) and the TC. We demonstrate that in the absence of CSI, fading can significantly reduce the TC and somewhat surprisingly, channel inversion only makes matters worse. We develop a threshold-based transmission rule where transmitters are active only if the channel to their receiver is acceptably strong, obtain expressions for the optimal threshold, and show that this simple, fully distributed scheme can significantly reduce the effect of fading.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, 24 pages
A simple parametrisation for coupled dark energy
Creators: name: da Fonseca, Vitor
name: Barreiro, Tiago
name: Nunes, Nelson J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an alternative to the popular parametrisations of the dark energy equation of state, we construct a quintessence model where the scalar field has a linear dependence on the number of e-folds. Constraints on more complex models are typically limited by the degeneracies that increase with the number of parameters. The proposed parametrisation conveniently constrains the evolution of the dark energy equation of state as it allows for a wide variety of time evolutions. We also consider a non-minimal coupling to cold dark matter. We fit the model with Planck and KiDS observational data. The CMB favours a non-vanishing coupling with energy transfer from dark energy to dark matter. Conversely, gravitational weak lensing measurements slightly favour energy transfer from dark matter to dark energy, with a substantial departure of the dark energy equation of state from -1.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Associations of pre- and postnatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure with adolescents’ eating behaviors
Creators: name: Buckley, Jessie P.
name: Braun, Joseph M.
name: Fleury, Elvira S.
name: Yolton, Kimberly
name: Lanphear, Bruce P.
name: Chen, Aimin
name: Kuiper, Jordan R.
name: Walker, Erica D.
name: Vasil, Taylor-Marie
name: Kalkwarf, Heidi J.
name: Cecil, Kim M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent environmental chemicals, may act as obesogens by interacting with neuroendocrine pathways regulating energy homeostasis and satiety signals influencing adolescent eating behaviors. In 211 HOME Study adolescents (Cincinnati, OH; recruited 2003–2006), we measured PFAS concentrations in serum collected during pregnancy, at delivery, and at ages 3, 8, and 12 years. Caregivers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) at age 12, and we calculated food approach and food avoidance scores. Using quantile-based g-computation, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations between a mixture of four gestational PFAS and CEBQ scores. We identified high (n = 76, 36%) and low (n = 135, 64%) longitudinal PFAS mixture exposure profiles between delivery and age 12 years using latent profile analysis and related these to CEBQ scores. We examined whether child sex or physical activity modified these associations. We observed no association of gestational PFAS mixture with food approach or food avoidance scores. Children in the higher longitudinal PFAS mixture profile had slightly higher food approach scores (β: 0.47, 95% CI: −0.27, 1.23) and similar food avoidance scores (β: −0.15, 95% CI: −0.75, 0.46) compared with children in the lower profile. We found some evidence that higher physical activity favorably modified the association between longitudinal PFAS mixture profiles and emotional overeating (interaction P value = 0.13). Child sex did not consistently modify any associations. Serum PFAS concentrations were not consistently linked to adolescent eating behaviors in this study, suggesting alternative pathways, such as metabolic rate, may underlie previously observed associations between PFAS exposure and childhood obesity.
The Λ(1405) pole structure from Lattice QCD: A coupled-channel πΣ − KN study
Creators: name: Morningstar, Colin
name: Hanlon, Andrew D.
name: Bulava, John
name: Walker-Loud, André
name: Romero-López, Fernando
name: Moscoso, Joseph
name: Skinner, Sarah
name: Mohler, Daniel
name: Hörz, Ben
name: Cid-Mora, Bárbara
name: Nicholson, Amy
Publisher: name: EDP Sciences
Year: 2024

description:  This report summarizes results of the first lattice QCD calculation of coupled-channel πΣ − K ¯ N scattering in the Λ(1405) region. This study was carried out using a single CLS ensemble with a heavier-than-physical pion mass m π ≈ 200 MeV and a lighter-than-physical kaon mass m  K  ≈ 487 MeV. Once the finite-volume energy spectrum has been reliably extracted, the Lüscher method was employed to obtain scattering amplitudes. Through a variety of parametrizations of the two-channel K -matrix, the final results show a virtual bound state below the πΣ threshold and a resonance right below K ¯ N .
The metallicity distributions in high-latitudes with SDSS
Creators: name: Ak, S.
name: Bilir, S.
name: Karaali, S.
name: Buser, R.
name: Cabrera-Lavers, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present metallicities and their variations with different parameters for 36 high-latitude fields covering Galactic longitudes 0
description: 14 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables, accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Analyzing Community-Based Support Requests Made by Black Families Raising Autistic Children.
Creators: name: Macko, Jennifer
name: Johnson, Janelle A
name: Martin, DeVoshia L Mason
name: Lewis, Jetta
name: Rivera, Amelia D
name: Minerali, Amela
name: Pearson, Jamie N
name: Manns, Lonnie D
name: Malone, Kayla M
name: Green, Keshia
name: Stewart-Ginsburg, Jared H
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: PURPOSE: Black families experience additional barriers to accessing autism-related supports compared to White families. Community organizations can help mitigate the negative impact of systemic inequities and lack of support that Black caregivers of autistic family members experience. Little is known about the types of support Black families seek from these organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the support needs of Black families raising autistic children as evidenced by communication patterns in a community-based statewide autism organization. Our research questions were: (1) What are the autism-related support needs of Black families raising autistic children; and (2) How do familial demographics influence these support needs?
METHODS: We explored the support needs of Black caregivers of autistic family members by analyzing a subset of 1,460 entries (16.8% of the total communication entries) within a database of communication entries from a community-based autism organization in one southeastern state in the United States. We analyzed the frequency of support request types and the relationships between support requests and familial demographics (i.e., rurality, gender, age).
RESULTS: We found that Black families most often requested family or individual support, school-related support, and behavioral support. Families requested support with bullying, social services, and health insurance less often. We found significant interactions between the three most requested services and the rurality, gender, and age of the autistic family member.
CONCLUSION: We conclude with suggestions for autism support organizations seeking to better meet the needs of Black families.
The Clinical Examination of Cattle. Part 1
Creators: name: Radostits, O. M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1981

description: This paper outlines a systematic method of clinical examination which will yield the most useful information necessary to make an etiologically specific diagnosis. The challenge is to examine a sick cow and detect and interpret the clinically significant abnormalities and to make a diagnosis. Some details are provided on the examination of some selected body systems.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1981
Isolated sub-100-attosecond pulse generation via controlling electron dynamics
Creators: name: Lan, Pengfei
name: Lu, Peixiang
name: Cao, Wei
name: Li, Yuhua
name: Wang, Xinlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method to coherently control the electron dynamics is proposed using a few-cycle laser pulse in combination with a controlling field. It is shown that this method not only broadens the attosecond pulse bandwidth, but also reduces the chirp, then an isolated 80-as pulse is straightforwardly obtained and even shorter pulse is achievable by increasing the intensity of the controlling field. Such ultrashort pulses allow one to investigate ultrafast electronic processes which have never be achieved before. In addition, the few-cycle synthesized pulse is expected to manipulate a wide range of laser-atom interactions.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary Information from Cells exploit a phase transition to mechanically remodel the fibrous extracellular matrix
Creators: name: Grekas, Georgios
name: Proestaki, Maria
name: ROSAKIS, Phoebus
name: Notbohm, Jacob
name: Makridakis, Charalambos
name: Guruswami Ravichandran
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Supplemental Notes and Figures
Effects of partial triple excitations in atomic coupled cluster calculations
Creators: name: Sur, Chiranjib
name: Chaudhuri, Rajat K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we study the effects of higher body excitations in the relativistic CC calculations for atoms and ions with one valence electron using Fock-space CCSD, CCSD(T) and its unitary variants. The present study demonstrates that CCSD(T) estimates the ionization potentials (IPs) and the valence electron removal energies quite accurately for alkali atoms and singly ionized alkaline earth ions, but yields unphysical energy levels for atoms and/or ions with partially filled sub-shell like C II. We further demonstrate that the higher body excitation effects can be incorporated more effectively through the unitary coupled cluster theory (UCC) compared to the CCSD(T) method.
description: 5 EPS figures, Latex 2e
Corrigendum: Six-month humoral immune response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine among people living with HIV
Creators: name: Ming, Fangzhao
name: Guo, Wei
name: Wu, Mengmeng
name: Liang, Ke
name: Tan, Yuting
name: Zou, Shi
name: Tang, Weiming
name: Wu, Songjie
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2024

description: Corrigendum for "Six-month
humoral immune response to
inactivated COVID-19 vaccine
among people living with HIV"
Combining organic livestock and bioenergy production - Połączenie ekologicznej produkcji zwierzęcej i zagajników o krótkiej rotacji
Creators: name: Smith, J.
name: Borek, R.
name: Wojdat, A.
name: Jędrejek, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Short Rotation Coppice
pasture
cattle
bioenergy
tree fodder
Zagajnik krótkiej rotacji
pastwisko
bydło
bioenergia
liściarka

description: Grunty rolne podlegają wielu, konkurującym ze sobą, wymaganiom: zwiększonemu zapotrzebowaniu na produkcję żywności ze względu na przyrost liczby ludności na świecie; produkcji biomasy z roślin energetycznych, np. pochodzących z zagajników krótkiej rotacji w celu zaspokojenia potrzeb w zakresie energii odnawialnej; oraz wymogowi ochrony środowiska, w tym jakości gleby, wody i powietrza, ograniczeniu zmian klimatu oraz wspieraniu bioróżnorodności.
Agroleśnictwo ma potencjał, aby pomóc w równoczesnym zaspokojeniu tych potrzeb poprzez integrację zagajników krótkiej rotacji z przeznaczeniem na biomasę energetyczną i produkcji zwierzęcej, bez szkody dla środowiska.
Opening the reheating box in multifield inflation
Creators: name: Martin, Jerome
name: Pinol, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The robustness of multi-field inflation to the physics of reheating is investigated. In order to carry out this study, reheating is described in detail by means of a formalism which tracks the evolution of scalar fields and perfect fluids in interaction (the inflatons and their decay products). This framework is then used to establish the general equations of motion of the background and perturbative quantities controlling the evolution of the system during reheating. Next, these equations are solved exactly by means of a new numerical code. Moreover, new analytical techniques, allowing us to interpret and approximate these solutions, are developed. As an illustration of a physical prediction that could be affected by the micro-physics of reheating, the amplitude of non-adiabatic perturbations in double inflation is considered. It is found that ignoring the fine-structure of reheating, as usually done in the standard approach, can lead to differences as big as $\sim 50\%$, while our semi-analytic estimates can reduce this error to $\sim 10\%$. We conclude that, in multi-field inflation, tracking the perturbations through the details of the reheating process is important and, to achieve good precision, requires the use of numerical calculations.
description: 80 pages + appendices
Quantifying uncertainty of molecular mismatch introduced by mislabeled ancestry using haplotype-based HLA genotype imputation
Creators: name: Weimer, Eric T.
name: Spierings, Eric
name: Schaub, Stefan
name: Matern, Benedict M.
name: Niemann, Matthias
name: Bandstra, Selle
name: Madbouly, Abeer
Publisher: name: Frontiers
Year: 2024

description: Modern histocompatibility algorithms depend on the comparison and analysis of high-resolution HLA protein sequences and structures, especially when considering epitope-based algorithms, which aim to model the interactions involved in antibody or T cell binding. HLA genotype imputation can be performed in the cases where only low/intermediate-resolution HLA genotype is available or if specific loci are missing, and by providing an individuals’ race/ethnicity/ancestry information, imputation results can be more accurate. This study assesses the effect of imputing high-resolution genotypes on molecular mismatch scores under a variety of ancestry assumptions. We compared molecular matching scores from “ground-truth” high-resolution genotypes against scores from genotypes which are imputed from low-resolution genotypes. Analysis was focused on a simulated patient-donor dataset and confirmed using two real-world datasets, and deviations were aggregated based on various ancestry assumptions. We observed that using multiple imputation generally results in lower error in molecular matching scores compared to single imputation, and that using the correct ancestry assumptions can reduce error introduced during imputation. We conclude that for epitope analysis, imputation is a valuable and low-risk strategy, as long as care is taken regarding epitope analysis context, ancestry assumptions, and (multiple) imputation strategy.