cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Changing perspectives on Indian Ocean cityscapes : the port city of Calicut in the early modern period
Creators: name: Neelakandan Girija, Archa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines the changing notions of urbanism in the context of the early modern Indian Ocean world. Its primary focus is on the port city of Calicut, in southwestern India, which was the primary trade hub for one of the most sought-after commodities, black pepper. As a result, the city was one of the most vibrant commercial centers in all of maritime Asia and became a cosmopolitan locus not only for economic but also for social and cultural interactions. However, scholars have long held that with the arrival of European powers in the Indian Ocean, Calicut began a commercial and cultural decline, and by the end of the seventeenth century had lost its status as one of the preeminent urban centers of the Indian Ocean world. My research reveals how this seemingly innocuous assumption is rooted in a particular vision of progress and modernity that was projected onto urban sites across Asia by European observers and later historians. Indian Ocean port cities such as Calicut, which did not attract European colonial settlements, or even actively resisted them, came to be represented in contrast to the new, supposedly “modern” colonial cities. It is this dichotomy that is ultimately responsible for the false notion that Asia’s non-European port cities went into terminal decline during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. As this dissertation demonstrates, in fact, the opposite proves true: long-established emporia such as Calicut continued to prosper, and in some cases even expand, as hubs of non-European as well as anti-European commercial and political networks that traversed the Indian Ocean well into the early modern period.
Think Global: International Reciprocity as Justification for a Global Social Cost of Carbon
Creators: name: Howard, Peter
name: Schwartz, Jason
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: U.S. climate regulations present a special case of federal agencies applying a global, rather than exclusively domestic, perspective to the costs and benefits in their regulatory impact analyses. Since 2010, federal agencies have emphasized global valuations of climate damages for policies that affect carbon dioxide emissions, using a metric called the “Social Cost of Carbon.” More recently, agencies have also begun to use a global valuation of the “Social Cost of Methane,” for methane emissions. Yet lately, these global metrics have come under attack in courtrooms and academic journals, where opponents have challenged the statutory authority and economic justification for global values. This paper defends a continued focus on the global effects of U.S. climate policy, drawing on legal, strategic, and economic arguments. International reciprocity presents the strongest justification for a global focus. Because the world’s climate is a single interconnected system, the United States benefits greatly when foreign countries consider the global externalities of their greenhouse gas pollution and cut emissions accordingly. Game theory predicts that one viable strategy for the United States to encourage other countries to think globally in setting their climate policies is for the United States to do the same, in a tit-for-tat, lead-by-example, or coalition-building dynamic. In fact, most other countries with climate policies already use a global social cost of carbon or set their carbon taxes or allowances at prices above their domestic-only costs. Additional policy justifications for a global social cost of carbon include the inevitability of significant “spillover” effects and the United States’ willingness to pay to prevent climate damages occurring outside U.S. borders. For all these reasons, a domestic-only social cost of carbon or methane would fail to transparently disclose the true scope of climate-related costs and benefits that matter to U.S. policymakers and the public. As for legal mandates, the United States has already signed and ratified one international treaty that commits it to consider the global climate effects of its domestic actions. Two key statutes for U.S. climate policy—the Clean Air Act and the National Environmental Policy Act—do the same, and it is reasonable for agencies to consider global climate effects under the other statutes most used to date for climate regulation. Finally, legal standards for rational rulemakings may constrain any future attempt to ignore the globally interconnected climate effects of regulatory or deregulatory actions.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 42 No. S (2017): Volume 42.S
Additional file 6 of Comparison of five different methodologies for evaluating ankle–foot orthosis stiffness
Creators: name: Shuman, Benjamin R.
name: Totah, Deema
name: Gates, Deanna H.
name: Gao, Fan
name: Ries, Andrew J.
name: Russell Esposito, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Additional file 6: Figure S4. ToeOff 2.5. A) Representative test session for each previously described test fixture. AFO stiffness is computed from the linear fit while the AFO is being loaded in dorsiflexion. B) Average stiffness across cycles for each test session for each of the previously described test fixtures.
Emerging Legal and Institutional Responses to Sea-Level Rise in Florida and Beyond
Creators: name: Markell, David L.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: The legal environment for local government in Florida (the “State”) is beginning to change when it comes to sea-level rise (“SLR”). Innovations in institutional structure and governance strategies are underway in the State as well. This Article reviews three recent developments, which relate primarily to comprehensive planning in the State, and explores their implications for Florida’s local governments, among others. It begins, in Part II, with the State’s decision, in 2011 legislation, to give local governments a new, optional tool—referred to as “Adaptation Action Areas” (“AAAs”)—to address sea-level rise and related issues in local comprehensive plans. Part III turns to a second piece of Florida legislation, the State’s 2015 “Peril of Flood” legislation, which mandates that local governments begin to address sea-level rise and other causes of flood-related risks through their comprehensive planning processes. Part IV discusses a third initiative, the Southeast Florida Regional Climate Change Compact, launched in 2009 by four Southeast Florida counties—Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach, and Monroe—to foster local government and regional coordination on sea-level rise and other climate change issues. Part V builds on the review in Parts II–IV of these three developments by exploring them through two different lenses. It reviews how these developments may affect the roles of different actors in addressing challenges associated with sea-level rise. This author and Professor Robert Glicksman have recently highlighted the importance of considering the roles of the entire suite of potential actors as part of policy design. This Article’s review of the roles of different actors in the three Florida initiatives identifies and explores some of the outstanding questions concerning these initiatives when viewed through this frame. In addition, the question of how to structure and administer governance approaches, especially in times of dynamic change, is of critical importance in connection with SLR, and Part V uses the frames of adaptive governance and adaptive management to explore the Florida experience.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 42 No. 1 (2016): Volume 42.1
Map #435, Site 5MT10647, Pithouse 220-234, Main Chamber and Nonstructure 227, Architectural Cross Section
Creators: name: DeVos, Jim
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Southwestern Colorado
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2810/southwestern-colorado
subject: Southwestern US
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/84604/southwestern-us
subject: Basketmaker III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/78/basketmaker-iii
subject: Pueblo I
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/54/pueblo-i
subject: Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/55/pueblo-ii
subject: 5MT10647
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118013/5mt10647
subject: Dillard Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/118012/dillard-site

description: Site 5MT10647, Pithouse 220-234, Main Chamber and Nonstructure 227, Architectural Cross Section
title:   THE EXPLORATION OF CLINICAL WISDOM OF MUSIC THERAPISTS WORKING WITH ADULTS WITH SEVERE AND PROFOUND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
title:  A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Catron, Courtney
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 6.4
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: Research on the severe and profound intellectually disabled adult population is sparse due to several factors including difficulty in acquiring consent for research, lack of funding, and difficulty in interpreting behavioral responses. Music therapists providing services to this population are faced with sparse resources to guide evidence-based practice with severe and profound intellectually disabled (ID) adults. It is vital to document how seasoned professionals work with this population effectively to improve the evidence base for music therapists. This project used a multiple case study approach. Four music therapists provided an in-depth exploration of their clinical wisdom from years of working with the severe and profound ID adult population. Interview information was analyzed and coded to provide a depth of information to inform music therapy clinical practice. The emerging themes delivered a wealth of information including practice techniques, instrument and music choice and adaptation, suggested goals and objectives, and how to observe and interpret behavioral communication. This study assists in advancing the available resources on work with this population as it pertains to the clinical wisdom of experienced practitioners.
description: © 2023 Courtney Catron
Michigan: An Intrusive Inquiry into EPA’s Rulemaking Process
Creators: name: Packard, Lauren
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: In 2015, the Supreme Court decided Michigan v. EPA, finding that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) interpreted section 112 of the Clean Air Act unreasonably when it decided to regulate toxic mercury emissions from power plants without first considering compliance costs. Justice Scalia, writing for a 5-4 majority, found that the term “appropriate and necessary” in section 112 “naturally and traditionally” includes a consideration of costs. Consequently, the Court found that EPA’s decision to regulate mercury emissions did not warrant deference under Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council because EPA did not predicate its determination on an analysis of compliance costs. Rather, EPA decided to regulate emissions from power plants because such emissions pose a public health hazard, pre-existing regulations did not adequately address this hazard, and control technologies exist to mitigate it. In her dissent, Justice Kagan pointed out that the agency had considered costs at the implementation stage of the rulemaking process and criticized the majority for its “micromanagement” of EPA’s rulemaking process. This Note will argue that Michigan reflects, for the first time, a presumption in favor of cost considerations by the Court. Michigan also represents the first instance where the Court has not only decided whether an agency should consider costs and how formal or informal these considerations may be, but has ruled on when in the rulemaking process these considerations must take place. Further, Michigan indicates a trend toward a more searching application of Chevron deference. Consequently, in order to withstand judicial review post-Michigan, cautious agencies—and EPA in particular—should alter their rulemaking practices to include cost considerations when making threshold determinations to regulate. Although cost considerations do not require cost-benefit balancing per se, agencies should consider framing considerations as such because Justice Scalia’s reasoning in Michigan implicitly requires such analysis.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 42 No. 1 (2016): Volume 42.1
The Natural Gas Act, State Environmental Policy, and the Jurisdiction of the Federal Circuit Courts
Creators: name: Jones, Channing
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Market pressures will likely drive a continued push for the build-out of natural gas infrastructure in the form of pipelines, compressor stations, storage facilities, and liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) terminals (collectively, “natural gas facilities”). Where these facilities would transport natural gas in interstate or foreign commerce, their siting, construction, and operation are generally governed by the Natural Gas Act (“NGA” or the “Act”) and fall within the regulatory jurisdiction of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC” or the “Commission”). Natural gas project proposals commonly encounter controversy and resistance, indicating a considerable amount of future litigation as proposals to construct or expand natural gas facilities grow with supply and demand pressures. One area this litigation may center around is the limited but sometimes decisive range of authority states hold to regulate natural gas facilities with respect to certain environmental matters, chiefly in certifying state water quality standards compliance under section 401 of the Clean Water Act (“CWA”). Yet a threshold jurisdictional question remains largely unanswered by the federal courts, except superficially. During the 109th Congress, the NGA was amended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (“EPAct”), including through the addition of section 19(d) to the NGA. This section vests the federal circuit courts with “original and exclusive jurisdiction” over most challenges to orders, actions, or alleged failures to act by state agencies “acting pursuant to Federal law to issue, condition, or deny any permit, license, concurrence, or approval . . . required under Federal law” for natural gas facilities under FERC’s jurisdiction. The precise scope of this conferral is ambiguous. Specifically, which state actions are undertaken “pursuant to” and “required under” federal law? How is this bounded by the “arising under” jurisdiction of the federal courts? And how do possible jurisdictional scenarios affect the range of challenges to state water quality certification for natural gas projects that should go to federal circuit court under section 19(d)?
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 42 No. 1 (2016): Volume 42.1
On k-crossings and k-nestings of permutations
Creators: name: Burrill, Sophie
name: Mishna, Marni
name: Post, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05

description: We introduce k-crossings and k-nestings of permutations. We show that the crossing number and the nesting number of permutations have a symmetric joint distribution. As a corollary, the number of k-noncrossing permutations is equal to the number of k-nonnesting permutations. We also provide some enumerative results for k-noncrossing permutations for some values of k.
You Say You Want a REV Solution: Considering New York’s Marquee Energy Initiative as Climate Change Policy
Creators: name: Ratzkin, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: This past fall, in a pair of remarkable speeches at New York University and Columbia University, Governor Cuomo issued forceful, groundbreaking statements and demonstrated real leadership on climate change. He bluntly articulated the problem, and asserted its reality in direct, unequivocal terms. At the Columbia event, and elsewhere, New York’s Reforming the Energy Vision (“REV”) has been highlighted as the key pillar of the State’s climate change policy, the vehicle via which the State’s ambitious greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions reduction goals—forty percent reduction from 1990 levels by 2030, eighty percent reduction by 2050—would be achieved. This Article considers the REV from the standpoint of whether this initiative is likely to deliver on this promise. The New York State Public Service Commission (the “Commission”) has identified reduction of carbon emissions as one of six policy objectives associated with the REV.5 Yet, climate goals, to the extent identified in the current formulation of the REV, appear to be of second-order importance, unconnected to any binding commitments or actual, enforceable mechanism for achieving emissions reductions. This is cause for great concern, particularly considering the centrality of the REV in the State’s GHG emissions reduction strategy. The REV itself contains neither mandates nor a price signal adequate to significantly drive down combustion of fossil fuels in New York. The lack of such a price signal is particularly important considering the steep decline in the price of fossil fuels over the last twenty-four months. In fact, the REV has never been meaningfully assessed with respect to its impact on GHG emissions, and therefore little if any basis exists for crediting its emissions reduction claims. If addressing climate change is the fundamental policy goal—and the Governor’s recent statements should leave no doubt that it must be—then the REV, especially if it is suggested to be the primary means to achieve emissions goals, should squarely address GHG emissions as its primary objective. However, the REV does not read that way. Rather, the REV, as currently articulated, is directed primarily to issues of market reform, utility business model change, and decentralization. These are factors that certainly may facilitate the adoption of renewable energy, particularly distributed generation of renewable energy, but do not by themselves offer certainty about New York’s future energy mix or GHG emissions, as examined further below.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 41 No. 3 (2016): Volume 41.3
On the total mean curvature of non-rigid surfaces
Creators: name: Alexandrov, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C45; 53C42; 52C25

description: Using Green's theorem we reduce the variation of the total mean curvature of a smooth surface in the Euclidean 3-space to a line integral of a special vector field and obtain the following well-known theorem as an immediate consequence: the total mean curvature of a closed smooth surface in the Euclidean 3-space is stationary under an infinitesimal flex.
description: 4 pages
Spontaneous emission of radiation by metallic electrons in the presence of electromagnetic fields of surface plasmon oscillations
Creators: name: Varro, Sandor
name: Kroo, Norbert
name: Farkas, Gyozo
name: Dombi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spontaneous emission of radiation of metallic electrons embedded in a high-intensity enhanced surface plasmon field is considered analytically. The electrons are described by exact dressed quantum states which contain the interaction with the plasmon field non-perturbatively. Considerable deviations from the pertubative behaviour have been found in the intensity dependence of the emitted fundamental and the second harmonic signals, even at moderate incoming laser intensities. The theoretical predictions deduced from the formalism are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Trophy Hunting Contracts: Unenforceable for Reasons of Public Policy
Creators: name: Dellinger, Myanna
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: Cecil the Lion. The name speaks for itself: famed alpha male lion lured outside a Zimbabwean national park to be shot for “sport” by American dentist Walter Palmer in the summer of 2015. Palmer reportedly shot Cecil with a crossbow, then stalked the lion for forty hours before finally killing and beheading it. Palmer reportedly paid over fifty thousand U.S. dollars to a local hunting guide and landowner for the hunt. In such “trophy hunting” agreements, wealthy individuals, typically from the Global North, pay locals such as guides or landowners, often in the Global South, to assist with the planned hunt of rare—if not outright threatened or endangered—species such as lions, polar bears, black rhinoceroses, and giraffes for a fee as a private contractual arrangement. In other cases, hunters obtain government permits to kill and import a rare animal. Allegedly, trophy hunts contribute to local economies and can help raise money and awareness for species conservation. However, serious doubt has arisen about the effectiveness of trophy hunts on society’s ultimate goal—undisputed by trophy hunters—of conserving rare species. The “shadowy subculture” that trophy hunting has been said to be is one that attempts to make the unacceptable sound acceptable under the guise of euphemisms and questionable facts as will be demonstrated in this Article. While such discussions continue, more and more of the very last few specimens of several rare species are killed for, in effect, fun. As a society, we cannot allow trophy hunting of wild, rare animals to proceed given the uncertainty surrounding the effects of the practice and the reprehensibility of it to society. Contracts that are considered “unsavory,” “undesirable,” “at war with the interests of society,” or “in conflict with the morals of the time” may be declared unenforceable for reasons of public policy regardless of whether or not any underlying legislation provides that the contractual conduct is illegal. Allowing wealthy individuals to kill some of the very last few specimens of rare species has become so distasteful to so many members of the general public that the time has come for courts to declare such contracts unenforceable for reasons of public policy. This Article demonstrates how this may be accomplished. The Article also examines the wildlife-protective capabilities of the public trust doctrine and the closely related state ownership of wildlife doctrine. These doctrines add further weight to the contractual argument, but also operate as stand-alone protective doctrines in lawsuits against government entities. To be able to present any of these arguments to a court of law, standing is a hurdle, but one that can be overcome. This Article highlights how this might be done.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 41 No. 3 (2016): Volume 41.3
Multi-Messenger Astrophysics with Pulsar Timing Arrays
Creators: name: Kelley, Luke Zoltan
name: Charisi, Maria
name: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
name: Simon, Joseph
name: Blecha, Laura
name: Bogdanovic, Tamara
name: Colpi, Monica
name: Comerford, Julie
name: D'Orazio, Daniel J
name: Dotti, Massimo
name: Eracleous, Michael
name: Graham, Matthew
name: Greene, Jenny E
name: Haiman, Zoltán
name: Holley-Bockelmann, Kelly
name: Kara, Erin
name: Kelly, Bernard
name: Komossa, S
name: Larson, Shane L
name: Liu, Xin
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: Noble, Scott
name: Paschalidis, Vasileios
name: Rafikov, Roman
name: Ravi, Vikram
name: Runnoe, Jessie C
name: Sesana, Alberto
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Strauss, Michael A
name: Vivian, U
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Collaboration, The NANOGrav
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: astro-ph.HE

description: Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are on the verge of detecting low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). With continued observations of a large sample of millisecond pulsars, PTAs will reach this major milestone within the next decade. Already, SMBHB candidates are being identified by electromagnetic surveys in ever-increasing numbers; upcoming surveys will enhance our ability to detect and verify candidates, and will be instrumental in identifying the host galaxies of GW sources. Multi-messenger (GW and electromagnetic) observations of SMBHBs will revolutionize our understanding of the co-evolution of SMBHs with their host galaxies, the dynamical interactions between binaries and their galactic environments, and the fundamental physics of accretion. Multi-messenger observations can also make SMBHBs 'standard sirens' for cosmological distance measurements out to $z\simeq0.5$. LIGO has already ushered in breakthrough insights in our knowledge of black holes. The multi-messenger detection of SMBHBs with PTAs will be a breakthrough in the years $2020-2030$ and beyond, and prepare us for LISA to help complete our views of black hole demographics and evolution at higher redshifts.
Quantum state depression in semiconductor quantum well
Creators: name: Tavkhelidze, Avto
name: Svanidze, Vasiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, the quantum state depression (QSD) in semiconductor quantum well (QW) is investigated. The QSD emerge from the ridged geometry of the QW boundary. Ridges impose additional boundary conditions on the electron wave function and some quantum states become forbidden. State density reduces in all energy bands, including conduction band (CB). Hence, electrons, rejected from the filled bands, must occupy quantum states in the empty bands due to Pauli Exclusion principle. Both the electron concentration in CB and Fermi energy increases as in the case of donor doping. Since quantum state density is reduced, the ridged quantum well (RQW) exhibits quantum properties at widths approaching 200 nm. Wide RQW can be used to improve photon confinement in QW-based optoelectronics devices. Reduction in the state density increases the carrier mobility and makes the ballistic transport regime more pronounced in the semiconductor QW devices. Furthermore, the QSD doping does not introduce scattering centers and can be used for power electronics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Modelling the neutrino in terms of Cosserat elasticity
Creators: name: Chervova, Olga
name: Vassiliev, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper deals with the Weyl equation which is the massless Dirac equation. We study the Weyl equation in the stationary setting, i.e. when the the spinor field oscillates harmonically in time. We suggest a new geometric interpretation of the stationary Weyl equation, one which does not require the use of spinors, Pauli matrices or covariant differentiation. We think of our 3-dimensional space as an elastic continuum and assume that material points of this continuum can experience no displacements, only rotations. This framework is a special case of the Cosserat theory of elasticity. Rotations of material points of the space continuum are described mathematically by attaching to each geometric point an orthonormal basis which gives a field of orthonormal bases called the coframe. As the dynamical variables (unknowns) of our theory we choose the coframe and a density. We choose a particular potential energy which is conformally invariant and then incorporate time into our action in the standard Newtonian way, by subtracting kinetic energy. The main result of our paper is the theorem stating that in the stationary setting our model is equivalent to a pair of Weyl equations. The crucial element of the proof is the observation that our Lagrangian admits a factorisation.
description: Submitted to the Proceedings of the Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting
Study of the Pioneer Anomaly: A scientific detective story
Creators: name: Toth, Viktor T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NASA's first two deep space missions, Pioneers 10 and 11, have been travelling through the outer solar system for three decades. A slight deviation from their calculated trajectories presents an as yet unsolved scientific mystery. The use of recently recovered Doppler and telemetry data may help us develop a better understanding of this anomaly, and decide whether or not it is due to a force of on-board origin.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. Invited article
Restricted entry : do Punjabi Sikhs have equal immediate access to counselling and psychotherapy services?
Creators: name: Stahre, Maria Karin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Research has shown that despite mental health practitioners’ intentions to provide unbiased service access to clients regardless of their race, gender, or culture (Truong et al., 2014), disparities persist in access across client sociocultural variables (Kugelmass, 2016; Kugelmass, 2019; Outadi, 2020; Moscovitz et al., 2023; Shin et al., 2016; Shin et al., 2020). One variable that has rarely been the subject of investigation in context of psychological treatment access disparities is religion. Since the Air India 182 and September 11th terrorist attacks, in Canada and the U.S. respectively, the Punjabi Sikh community in Canada has been subject to high rates of discrimination and hate crimes (Ahluwalia & Alimchandani, 2013; Mann, 2017). The current prevalence of general community prejudice against Sikhs could extend to the attitudes of counsellors and psychologists, constraining entry to the latter’s services. The objective of the current study was to examine if prospective Punjabi Sikh clients’ (men’s and women’s, specifically) access to counselling and psychotherapy services is impeded compared with non-Sikh clients, who represent the majority racial-religious group in Canada (i.e., White Christians). The study utilized an experimental design approach called a correspondence audit study as this method is commonly employed to assess for discriminatory behaviour and overcome social desirability bias. The independent variables under study were religion and ethnicity (Sikh or non-Sikh) and gender (man or woman). The main dependent variable was mental health practitioner receptiveness, which was determined by the type of response received by the prospective client requesting an appointment from the mental health practitioner. The secondary dependent variable was mental health practitioner responsiveness which was determined by whether the prospective client received a response back or not. The sample consisted of 853 licensed counsellors and psychologists in private practices located in Metro Vancouver, BC. It was found that being a woman meant a significantly higher probability of getting a practitioner response back to a request for services and being a non-Sikh man client meant a much lower probability of securing an appointment. The results suggest that mental health practitioners do vary in how responsive or receptive they are to a client based on the client’s gender and religious identity, which is consistent with practitioners potentially possessing gender-based or religion-based implicit biases, which impacts how accessible mental health services are to clients requesting appointments.
Momentum-space calculation of proton-deuteron scattering including Coulomb and irreducible three-nucleon forces
Creators: name: Deltuva, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-nucleon scattering equations with irreducible three-nucleon force are solved in momentum-space. The Coulomb interaction between the two protons is included using the method of screening and renormalization. The need for the renormalization of the scattering amplitudes is demonstrated numerically. The Coulomb and Urbana IX three-nucleon force effects on the observables of elastic proton-deuteron scattering and breakup are studied.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Coastal Land Preservation: Obstacles to Effective State Action
Creators: name: Pool, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law
Year: 2019

description: In recent years the preservation of coastal lands and the natural resources in and around them has become a national concern. Population pressures, changing patterns of recreation, and indus- trial growth have intensified demand for the use of shorefront areas. At the same time, the need to protect coastal plants and wildlife and the terrain which supports them has become increasingly apparent. Despite widespread federal activity affecting coastal areas, the states continue to retain primary responsibility for shorelands. And since the early 1960's, many have acted to meet the growing threat to coastal ecology, primarily through legislation. In some cases, this has involved heavy reliance on local zoning or a virtually categorical prohibition against development in specified coastal areas. In other states, legislatures have adopted sophisticated and comprehensive programs of coastal development aimed at balancing the preservation of some areas with controlled development in others. Substantial legal challenges have been mounted against legislation of both types. First, recreational shore users have persuaded state courts to open beach areas to more extensive public use. This is likely to encourage increased usage of already strained coastal land and ecosystems with potentially disastrous consequences for the coastal environment. Second, the states face potential financial obstacles in undertaking effective coastal regulation because of judicial findings that such regulation is often a taking for which private landowners must be compensated. Any serious program of conservation must prohibit land development that leads to destructive uses of ecologically valuable resources; thus most state tidelands acts typically require permission from state environmental authorities before substantial alteration may be made in the use of protected land. However, where private property is involved, the application of such a statute in a particular case may so drastically affect the economic interests of a private landowner as to constitute a taking. This note will suggest a legal framework for the exercise of state coastal authority that will render present statutes less vulnerable to attacks of this nature. After a more detailed review of current attacks on state regulation, it will be argued that they may be blunted through a combination of zoning law and the public trust doctrine.
description: Columbia Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 4 No. 2 (1978): Volume 4.2
Effective Quantum Dynamics of two Brownian particles
Creators: name: Duarte, O. S.
name: Caldeira, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the system-plus-reservoir approach to study the quantum dynamics of a bipartite continuous variable system (two generic particles). We present an extension of the traditional model of a bath of oscillators which is capable of inducing an effective coupling between the two parts of the system depending on the choice made for the spectral density of the bath. The coupling is nonlinear in the system variables and an exponential dependence on these variables is imposed in order to guarantee the translational invariance of the model if the two particles are not subject to any external potential. The reduced density operator is obtained by the functional integral method. The dynamical susceptibility of the reservoir is modelled in order to introduce, besides a characteristic frequency, a characteristic length that determines if the effective interaction potential is strong enough to induce entanglement between the particles. Our model provides a criterion of distance for identifying in which cases a common environment can induce entanglement. Three regimes are found: the short distance regime, equivalent to a bilinear system-reservoir coupling, the long distance regime in which the particles act like coupled to independent reservoirs and the intermediate regime suitable for the competition between decoherence and induced-entanglement.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Membrane simulation models from nm to $μ$m scale
Creators: name: Noguchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in lipid membrane models for simulations are reviewed. To reduce computational costs, various coarse-grained molecular models have been proposed. Among them, implicit solvent (solvent-free) molecular models are relatively more coarse-grained and efficient for simulating large bilayer membranes. On a $μ$m scale, the molecular details are typically negligible and the membrane can be described as a continuous curved surface. The theoretical models for fluid and elastic membranes with mesh or meshless discretizations are presented. As examples of applications, the dynamics of vesicles in flows, vesicle formation, and membrane fusion are presented.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, review article
The CSM extension for the description of positive and negative parity bands in even-odd nuclei
Creators: name: Raduta, A. A.
name: Raduta, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particle-core Hamiltonian is used to describe the lowest parity partner bands $K^π=1/2^{\pm}$ in $^{237}$U and $^{239}$Pu. The quadrupole and octupole boson Hamiltonian associated to the core is identical to the one previously used for the description of four positive and four negative parity bands in the neighboring even-even isotopes. The single particle space for the odd nucleon consists of three spherical shell model states, two of positive and one of negative parity. The particle-core Hamiltonian consists of four terms: a quadrupole-quadrupole, an octupole-octupole, a spin-spin and a rotational $\hat{I}^2$ interaction, with $\hat {I}$ denoting the total angular momentum. The parameters involved in the particle-core coupling Hamiltonian were fixed by fitting four particular energies in the two bands. The calculated excitation energies are compared with the corresponding experimental data as well as with those obtained with other approaches. Also, we searched for some signatures for a static octupole deformation in the considered odd isotopes.
description: 4 pages, 1 fugure
A Hardware-Based Acquisition Engine For GNSS Receivers
Creators: name: Jamal, Dana
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2022

description: The undergoing modernisation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) has resulted in development of new navigation signals with longer spreading codes and new techniques to improve signal power and better multipath mitigation, such as binary offset carrier (BOC), this will improve the pseudorange calculation and enables more robust navigation. On the other side, this development requires receivers capable to process these new signals to deliver accurate positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) solutions. To achieve this, the satellite acquisition process has to be improved to acquire the modernised signal in an efficient way. The double-block zero padding (DBZP) algorithm is commonly used for acquiring and detecting weak GNSS signals. It improves the acquisition method by reducing the number of operations in the block correlation used to determine the Doppler frequency and time of the received signal. However, 50% of the power consumption and time during the partial correlation process is lost because of performing correlation on doubled blocks (two periods) and maintaining the output from only the first block. This work presents an innovative modelling method for the development of an efficient and stand-alone core based on the DBZP methodology in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for the acquisition of GNSS signals. The main core consists of two components. The first component performs a partial correlation on the incoming signal without double blocking the incoming signal and zero padding the replica code. The second component performs discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on the output of the partial correlation results obtained from the first component. The core is designed without using any third-party fast Fourier transform (FFT) intellectual property (IP) cores, digital signal processor (DSP) blocks, or multipliers. Performing partial correlation on the incoming signal without forming double blocks of the incoming signal and zero padding the replica code limits the computation burden and complexity, thus leading to a substantial improvement in the efficiency of the acquisition process in the hardware based GNSS receiver. The feasibility and performance of the proposed approach are investigated by developing a structural test bench containing the main core under test and a stimulus generator, simulated in ModelSim and the developed system is validated using real recorded Galileo E1 signal in FPGA.
Two dimensional symmetric and antisymmetric generalizations of sine functions
Creators: name: Hrivnák, Jiří
name: Motlochová, Lenka
name: Patera, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of 2-dimensional generalizations of sine functions that are symmetric or antisymmetric with respect to permutation of their two variables are described. It is shown that the functions are orthogonal when integrated over a finite region $F$ of the real Euclidean space, and that they are discretely orthogonal when summed up over a lattice of any density in $F$. Decomposability of the products of functions into their sums is shown by explicitly decomposing products of all types. The formalism is set up for Fourier-like expansions of digital data over 2-dimensional lattices in $F$. Continuous interpolation of digital data is studied.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Mid-infrared spectroscopy of candidate AGN-dominated submillimeter galaxies
Creators: name: Coppin, K.
name: Pope, A.
name: Menendez-Delmestre, K.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Egami, E.
name: Gabor, J.
name: Ibar, Edo
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Austermann, J. E.
name: Blain, A. W.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Clements, D. L.
name: Dunne, L.
name: Dye, S.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Hughes, D. H.
name: Mortier, A. M. J.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Rowan-Robinson, M.
name: Scott, D.
name: Simpson, C.
name: Smail, Ian
name: Swinbank, A. M.
name: Vaccari, M.
name: Yun, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spitzer spectroscopy has revealed that ~80% of submm galaxies (SMGs) are starburst (SB) dominated in the mid-infrared. Here we focus on the remaining ~20% that show signs of harboring powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN). We have obtained Spitzer-IRS spectroscopy of a sample of eight SMGs which are candidates for harboring powerful AGN on the basis of IRAC color-selection (S8/S4.5>2; i.e. likely power-law mid-infrared SEDs). SMGs with an AGN dominating (>50%) their mid-infrared emission could represent `missing link' sources in an evolutionary sequence involving a major merger. First of all, we detect PAH features in all of the SMGs, indicating redshifts from 2.5-3.4, demonstrating the power of the mid-infrared to determine redshifts for these optically faint dusty galaxies. Secondly, we see signs of both star-formation (from the PAH features) and AGN activity (from continuum emission) in our sample: 62% of the sample are AGN-dominated in the mid-infrared with a median AGN content of 56%, compared with <30% on average for typical SMGs, revealing that our IRAC color selection has successfully singled out sources with proportionately more AGN emission than typical SB-dominated SMGs. However, we find that only about 10% of these AGN dominate the bolometric emission of the SMG when the results are extrapolated to longer infrared wavelengths, implying that AGN are not a significant power source to the SMG population overall, even when there is evidence in the mid-infrared for substantial AGN activity. When existing samples of mid-infrared AGN-dominated SMGs are considered, we find that S8/S4.5>1.65 works well at selecting mid-infrared energetically dominant AGN in SMGs, implying a duty cycle of ~15% if all SMGs go through a subsequent mid-infrared AGN-dominated phase in the proposed evolutionary sequence.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 17 pages, 10 figures
Phenomenological theory of phase transitions in epitaxial BaxSr(1-x)TiO3 thin films
Creators: name: Shirokov, V. B.
name: Yuzyuk, Yu. I.
name: Dkhil, B.
name: Lemanov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological thermodynamic theory of BaxSr(1-x)TiO3 (BST-x) thin films epitaxially grown on cubic substrates is developed using the Landau-Devonshire approach. The eighth-order thermodynamic potential for BT single crystal and modified fourth-order potential for ST single crystal were used as starting potentials for the end-members of the solid solution with the aim to develop potential of BST-$x$ solid solution valid at high temperatures. Several coefficients of these potentials for BT were changed to obtain reasonable agreement between theory and experimental phase diagram for BST-x (x > 0.2) solid solutions. For low Ba content we constructed the specific phase diagram where five phases converge at the multiphase point (T_N2 = 47 K, x = 0.028) and all transitions are of the second order. The "concentration-misfit strain" phase diagrams for BST-x thin films at room temperature and "temperature-misfit strain" phase diagrams for particular concentrations are constructed and discussed. Near T_N2 coupling between polarization and structural order parameter in the epitaxial film is modified considerably and large number of new phases not present in the bulk materials appear on the phase diagram.
description: 8 pages 5 figures
Thermodynamics of clusterized matter
Creators: name: Raduta, Ad. R.
name: Gulminelli, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamics of clusterized matter is studied in the framework of statistical models with non-interacting cluster degrees of freedom. At variance with the analytical Fisher model, exact Metropolis simulation results indicate that the transition from homogeneous to clusterized matter lies along the $ρ=ρ_0$ axis at all temperatures and the limiting point of the phase diagram is not a critical point even if the surface energy vanishes at this point. Sensitivity of the inferred phase diagram to the employed statistical framework in the case of finite systems is discussed by considering the grand-canonical and constant-pressure canonical ensembles. A Wigner-Seitz formalism in which the fragment charge is neutralized by an uniform electron distribution allows to build the phase diagram of neutron star matter.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures