cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Investigating Clinicians’ Attitudes, Perceptions and Experiences of Delivering Mental Health Interventions to Autistic Individuals During Covid-19
Creators: name: Adams, Lucy
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Psychiatry and Psychology
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The proposed project will ask clinicians to complete a web-based quantitative questionnaire about their attitudes towards, and/or experience of, delivering mental health interventions remotely to autistic individuals.
Non-differentiability of the effective potential and the replica symmetry breaking in the random energy model
Creators: name: Mukaida, Hisamitsu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effective potential for the two-replica system of the random energy model is exactly derived. It is an analytic function of the magnetizations of two replicas, $φ^1$ and $φ^2$ in the high-temperature phase. In the low-temperature phase, where the replica symmetry breaking takes place, the effective potential becomes non-analytic when $φ^1=φ^2$. The non-analyticity is considered as a consequence of the condensation of the Boltzmann measure, which is a typical property of a glass phase.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; typos added, revised argument in section 2, results unchanged
SARS coronavirus and innate immunity
Creators: name: Baric, Ralph
name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Heise, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The emergence of the highly pathogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) has reignited interest in coronavirus biology and pathogenesis. An emerging theme in coronavirus pathogenesis is that the interaction between specific viral genes and the host immune system, specifically the innate immune system, functions as a key determinant in regulating virulence and disease outcomes. Using SARS-CoV as a model, we will review the current knowledge of the interplay between coronavirus infection and the host innate immune system in vivo, and then discuss the mechanisms by which specific gene products antagonize the host innate immune response in cell culture models. Our data suggests that the SARS-CoV uses specific strategies to evade and antagonize the sensing and signaling arms of the interferon pathway. We summarize by identifying future points of consideration that will contribute greatly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence, and the development of severe disease in humans and animals.
Holographic Rényi entropy for two-dimensional N=(1,1) superconformal field theory
Creators: name: Zhang, Jia-ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the holographic Rényi entropy in $\mathcal N=1$ supergravity (SUGRA) in AdS$_3$ spacetime, which is dual to the two-dimensional $\mathcal N=(1,1)$ superconformal field theory (SCFT). We consider both cases of two short intervals on a line with zero temperature and one interval on a circle with low temperature. In SUGRA side we consider contributions of both graviton and gravitino, and in SCFT side we consider contributions of both stress tensor $T$, $\bar T$ and their superpartners $G$, $\bar G$. We find matches between SUGRA and SCFT results.
description: V1, 19 pages; V2, 19 pages, publised version
SARS coronavirus replicase proteins in pathogenesis
Creators: name: Eckerle, Lance D.
name: Sparks, Jennifer S.
name: Sims, Amy C.
name: Denison, Mark R.
name: Graham, Rachel L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Much progress has been made in understanding the role of structural and accessory proteins in the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections. The SARS epidemic also brought new attention to the proteins translated from ORF1a and ORF1b of the input genome RNA, also known as the replicase/transcriptase gene. Evidence for change within the ORF1ab coding sequence during the SARS epidemic, as well as evidence from studies with other coronaviruses, indicates that it is likely that the ORF1ab proteins play roles in virus pathogenesis distinct from or in addition to functions directly involved in viral replication. Recent reverse genetic studies have confirmed that proteins of ORF1ab may be involved in cellular signaling and modification of cellular gene expression, as well as virulence by mechanisms yet to be determined. Thus, the evolution of the ORF1ab proteins may be determined as much by issues of host range and virulence as they are by specific requirements for intracellular replication.
Vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced disease
Creators: name: DeDiego, Marta L.
name: Sheahan, Tim
name: Deming, Damon
name: Enjuanes, Luis
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Alvarez, Enrique
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: An important effort has been performed after the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003 to diagnose and prevent virus spreading. Several types of vaccines have been developed including inactivated viruses, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), DNA vaccines, heterologous expression systems, and vaccines derived from SARS-CoV genome by reverse genetics. This review describes several aspects essential to develop SARS-CoV vaccines, such as the correlates of protection, virus serotypes, vaccination side effects, and bio-safeguards that can be engineered into recombinant vaccine approaches based on the SARS-CoV genome. The production of effective and safe vaccines to prevent SARS has led to the development of promising vaccine candidates, in contrast to the design of vaccines for other coronaviruses, that in general has been less successful. After preclinical trials in animal models, efficacy and safety evaluation of the most promising vaccine candidates described has to be performed in humans.
Aspects of Phase-Space Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Bertolami, O.
name: Leal, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work some issues in the context of Noncommutative Quantum Mechanics (NCQM) are addressed. The main focus is on finding whether symmetries present in Quantum Mechanics still hold in the phase-space noncommutative version. In particular, the issues related with gauge invariance of the electromagnetic field and the weak equivalence principle (WEP) in the context of the gravitational quantum well (GQW) are considered. The question of the Lorentz symmetry and the associated dispersion relation is also examined. Constraints are set on the relevant noncommutative parameters so that gauge invariance and Lorentz invariance holds. In opposition, the WEP is verified to hold in the noncommutative set up, and it is only possible to observe a violation through an anisotropy of the noncommutative parameters.
description: 16 pages, no figures
s41569-021-00587-4.pdf
Creators: name: U. Morton, Sarah
name: Quiat, Daniel
name: G. Seidman, Jonathan
name: Seidman, Christine E.
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cardiology (incl. cardiovascular diseases)

description: The application of next-generation sequencing to study congenital heart disease (CHD) is increasingly providing new insights into the causes and mechanisms of this prevalent birth anomaly. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identifies damaging gene variants altering single or contiguous nucleotides that are assigned pathogenicity based on statistical analyses of families and cohorts with CHD, high expression in the developing heart and depletion of damaging protein-coding variants in the general population. Gene classes fulfilling these criteria are enriched in patients with CHD and extracardiac abnormalities, evidencing shared pathways in organogenesis. Developmental single-cell transcriptomic data demonstrate the expression of CHD-associated genes in particular cell lineages, and emerging insights indicate that genetic variants perturb multicellular interactions that are crucial for cardiogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing analyses extend these observations, identifying non-coding variants that influence the expression of genes associated with CHD and contribute to the estimated ~55% of unexplained cases of CHD. These approaches combined with the assessment of common and mosaic genetic variants have provided a more complete knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of CHD. Such advances provide knowledge to inform the clinical care of patients with CHD or other birth defects and deepen our understanding of the complexity of human development. In this Review, we highlight known and candidate CHD-associated human genes and discuss how the integration of advances in developmental biology research can provide new insights into the genetic contributions to CHD.
title: MRI of head and neck vascular anomalies: pearls and pitfalls
Creators: name: Mohammad, Shaimaa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Head and neck
subject: Vascular
subject: MR
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Congenital
subject: Haemangioma

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: · Illustrate the typical MRI features of head and neck vascular anomalies · Describe the commonly encountered imaging pitfalls · To review the value of different MRI techniques in the diagnosis of vascular...
A Systematic Review of Parent-Education Programs in Youth Sport
Creators: name: Burke, Shannon
name: Sharp, Lee-Ann
name: Woods, David
name: Paradis, Kyle
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sports Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Parent-education
subject: Parents
subject: Youth Sport

description: This systematic review will evaluate parent-education programs in youth sport.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Evades Antiviral Signaling: Role of nsp1 and Rational Design of an Attenuated Strain
Creators: name: Wathelet, Marc G.
name: Orr, Melissa
name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Baric, Ralph S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic was caused by the spread of a previously unrecognized infectious agent, the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Here we show that SARS-CoV could inhibit both virus- and interferon (IFN)-dependent signaling, two key steps of the antiviral response. We mapped a strong inhibitory activity to SARS-CoV nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) and show that expression of nsp1 significantly inhibited the activation of all three virus-dependent signaling pathways. We show that expression of nsp1 significantly inhibited IFN-dependent signaling by decreasing the phosphorylation levels of STAT1 while having little effect on those of STAT2, JAK1, and TYK2. We engineered an attenuated mutant of nsp1 in SARS-CoV through reverse genetics, and the resulting mutant virus was viable and replicated as efficiently as wild-type virus in cells with a defective IFN response. However, mutant virus replication was strongly attenuated in cells with an intact IFN response. Thus, nsp1 is likely a virulence factor that contributes to pathogenicity by favoring SARS-CoV replication.
Traversable wormholes satisfying the weak energy condition in third-order Lovelock gravity
Creators: name: Zangeneh, Mahdi Kord
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Dehghani, Mohammad Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we consider third order Lovelock gravity with a cosmological constant term in an n-dimensional spacetime $\mathcal{M}^{4}\times \mathcal{K}^{n-4}$, where $\mathcal{K}^{n-4} $ is a constant curvature space. We decompose the equations of motion to four and higher dimensional ones and find wormhole solutions by considering a vacuum $\mathcal{K}^{n-4} $ space. Applying the latter constraint, we determine the second and third order Lovelock coefficients and the cosmological constant in terms of specific parameters of the model, such as the size of the extra dimensions. Using the obtained Lovelock coefficients and $Λ$, we obtain the 4-dimensional matter distribution threading the wormhole. Furthermore, by considering the zero tidal force case and a specific equation of state, given by $ρ=(γp-τ)/[ω(1+γ)]$, we find the exact solution for the shape function which represents both asymptotically flat and non-flat wormhole solutions. We show explicitly that these wormhole solutions in addition to traversibility satisfy the energy conditions for suitable choices of parameters and that the existence of a limited spherically symmetric traversable wormhole with normal matter in a 4-dimensional spacetime, implies a negative effective cosmological constant.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. V2: 9 pages, extensive discussion and references added; accepted for publication in PRD
High Precision Mapping of the Diffuse Low-Frequency Sky
Creators: name: Kriele, Michael A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis
subject: Image Processing
subject: Cosmology
subject: Observations
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Diffuse Radiation
subject: Radio Continuum
subject: 159 MHz Sky Map

description: One of the major science goals of international radio astronomy is to study the early universe through the detection of the redshifted 21 cm HI line from the epoch of reionisation (EoR). This spectral line is expected to fall in the 100 MHz to 200 MHz range. Due to the weak nature of the 21 cm signal, an important part in the detection of the EoR is removing contaminating foregrounds from our observations as they are three to five orders of magnitude brighter. In order to achieve this, sky maps spanning a wide range of frequencies and angular scales are required for calibration and foreground subtraction. Although sky maps with small angular scales are generally well represented, diffuse all-sky maps, especially on the southern hemisphere and in the expected EoR frequency range, are not. Mapping the diffuse sky, however, is a complex endeavour and tradeoffs are often made between maintaining wide field accuracy and computationally efficiency. In this thesis, the concept of all-sky imaging with exact wide-field characteristics is further investigated. The primary focus is put on spherical harmonic transit interferometry, with emphasis on completeness in angular scale as well as the ability to accurately map the intensity of sky.
description: This research was supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in Three Dimensions (ASTRO3D), through project number CE170100013.
Spatial damping of propagating sausage waves in coronal cylinders
Creators: name: Guo, Ming-Zhe
name: Chen, Shao-Xia
name: Li, Bo
name: Xia, Li-Dong
name: Yu, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sausage modes are important in coronal seismology. Spatially damped propagating sausage waves were recently observed in the solar atmosphere. We examine how wave leakage influences the spatial damping of sausage waves propagating along coronal structures modeled by a cylindrical density enhancement embedded in a uniform magnetic field. Working in the framework of cold magnetohydrodynamics, we solve the dispersion relation (DR) governing sausage waves for complex-valued longitudinal wavenumber $k$ at given real angular frequencies $ω$. For validation purposes, we also provide analytical approximations to the DR in the low-frequency limit and in the vicinity of $ω_{\rm c}$, the critical angular frequency separating trapped from leaky waves. In contrast to the standing case, propagating sausage waves are allowed for $ω$ much lower than $ω_{\rm c}$. However, while able to direct their energy upwards, these low-frequency waves are subject to substantial spatial attenuation. The spatial damping length shows little dependence on the density contrast between the cylinder and its surroundings, and depends only weakly on frequency. This spatial damping length is of the order of the cylinder radius for $ω\lesssim 1.5 v_{\rm Ai}/a$, where $a$ and $v_{\rm Ai}$ are the cylinder radius and the Alfvén speed in the cylinder, respectively. We conclude that if a coronal cylinder is perturbed by symmetric boundary drivers (e.g., granular motions) with a broadband spectrum, wave leakage efficiently filters out the low-frequency components.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Open Reading Frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and Nucleocapsid Proteins Function as Interferon Antagonists
Creators: name: Palese, Peter
name: Kopecky-Bromberg, Sarah A.
name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Martinez-Sobrido, Luis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is highly pathogenic in humans, with a death rate near 10%. This high pathogenicity suggests that SARS-CoV has developed mechanisms to overcome the host innate immune response. It has now been determined that SARS-CoV open reading frame (ORF) 3b, ORF 6, and N proteins antagonize interferon, a key component of the innate immune response. All three proteins inhibit the expression of beta interferon (IFN-β), and further examination revealed that these SARS-CoV proteins inhibit a key protein necessary for the expression of IFN-β, IRF-3. N protein dramatically inhibited expression from an NF-κB-responsive promoter. All three proteins were able to inhibit expression from an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter after infection with Sendai virus, while only ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins were able to inhibit expression from the ISRE promoter after treatment with interferon. This indicates that N protein inhibits only the synthesis of interferon, while ORF 3b and ORF 6 proteins inhibit both interferon synthesis and signaling. ORF 6 protein, but not ORF 3b or N protein, inhibited nuclear translocation but not phosphorylation of STAT1. Thus, it appears that these three interferon antagonists of SARS-CoV inhibit the interferon response by different mechanisms.
title: Fabrication and analysis of phantoms providing the equal-image-density for basic experiment of next-generation-type X-ray diagnosis
Creators: name: Kimoto, Natsumi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Technical aspects
subject: Dosimetry
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Experimental
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Radiation physics

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: X-ray equipment is widely used for diagnosis in the medical field. It requires short examination time, and this characteristic leads to many examinations with only a small burden to patients. Using traditional radiography systems, signal (contrast)...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ORF6 Antagonizes STAT1 Function by Sequestering Nuclear Import Factors on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum/Golgi Membrane
Creators: name: Frieman, Matthew
name: Palese, Peter
name: Yount, Boyd
name: Kopecky-Bromberg, Sarah A.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Heise, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The host innate immune response is an important deterrent of severe viral infection in humans and animals. Nuclear import factors function as key gatekeepers that regulate the transport of innate immune regulatory cargo to the nucleus of cells to activate the antiviral response. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) as a model, we demonstrate that SARS-COV ORF6 protein is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi membrane in infected cells, where it binds to and disrupts nuclear import complex formation by tethering karyopherin alpha 2 and karyopherin beta 1 to the membrane. Retention of import factors at the ER/Golgi membrane leads to a loss of STAT1 transport into the nucleus in response to interferon signaling, thus blocking the expression of STAT1-activated genes that establish an antiviral state. We mapped the region of ORF6, which binds karyopherin alpha 2, to the C terminus of ORF6 and show that mutations in the C terminus no longer bind karyopherin alpha 2 or block the nuclear import of STAT1. We also show that N-terminal deletions of karyopherin alpha 2 that no longer bind to karyopherin beta 1 still retain ORF6 binding activity but no longer block STAT1 nuclear import. Recombinant SARS-CoV lacking ORF6 did not tether karyopherin alpha 2 to the ER/Golgi membrane and allowed the import of the STAT1 complex into the nucleus. We discuss the likely implications of these data on SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis.
Bridge over troubled gas: clusters and associations under the SMC and LMC tidal stresses
Creators: name: Bica, E.
name: Santiago, B.
name: Bonatto, C.
name: Garcia-Dias, R.
name: Kerber, L.
name: Dias, B.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Balbinot, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtained SOAR telescope B and V photometry of 14 star clusters and 2 associations in the Bridge tidal structure connecting the LMC and SMC. These objects are used to study the formation and evolution of star clusters and associations under tidal stresses from the Clouds. Typical star clusters in the Bridge are not richly populated and have in general relatively large diameters (~30-35 pc), being larger than Galactic counterparts of similar age. Ages and other fundamental parameters are determined with field-star decontaminated photometry. A self-consistent approach is used to derive parameters for the most-populated sample cluster NGC 796 and two young CMD templates built with the remaining Bridge clusters. We find that the clusters are not coeval in the Bridge. They range from approximately a few Myr (still related to optical HII regions and WISE and Spitzer dust emission measurements) to about 100-200 Myr. The derived distance moduli for the Bridge objects suggests that the Bridge is a structure connecting the LMC far-side in the East to the foreground of the SMC to the West. Most of the present clusters are part of the tidal dwarf candidate D 1, which is associated with an H I overdensity. We find further evidence that the studied part of the Bridge is evolving into a tidal dwarf galaxy, decoupling from the Bridge.
description: 15 pages, 15 figures, MNRAS, Accepted 2015 July 27
title: Beyond Lymphoma And Tuberculosis: Role of imaging By 18F-FDG PET/CT In Pyrexia Of Unknown Origin.
Creators: name: Rao, Anuradha
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neoplasia
subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection
subject: Biopsy
subject: Ultrasound
subject: PET-CT
subject: CT
subject: Nuclear medicine
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: Lymph nodes

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Understand the definition, various causes of pyrexia of unknown origin [PUO]. 2. Introduce briefly the technique of 18F-FDG PET/CT, common pitfalls and mimics in the context of PUO. 3. Understand the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in PUO and its...
Pulsar Observations of Extreme Scattering Events
Creators: name: Coles, W. A.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Shannon, R. M.
name: Hobbs, G.
name: Manchester, R. N.
name: You, X. P.
name: Bailes, M.
name: Bhat, N. D. R.
name: Burke-Spolaor, S.
name: Dai, S.
name: Keith, M. J.
name: Levin, Y.
name: Oslowski, S.
name: Ravi, V.
name: Reardon, D.
name: Toomey, L.
name: van Straten, W.
name: Wang, J. B.
name: Wen, L.
name: Zhu, X. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extreme scattering events (ESEs) in the interstellar medium (ISM) were first observed in regular flux measurements of compact extragalactic sources. They are characterized by a flux variation over a period of weeks, suggesting the passage of a "diverging plasma lens" across the line of sight. Modeling the refraction of such a lens indicates that the structure size must be of order AU and the electron density of order 10s of cm^{-3}. Similar structures have been observed in measurements of pulsar intensity scintillation and group delay. Here we report observations of two ESEs showing increases in both intensity scintillation and dispersion made with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA). These allow us to make more complete models of the ESE, including an estimate of the "outer-scale" of the turbulence in the plasma lens. These observations show clearly that the ESE structure is fully turbulent on an AU scale. They provide some support for the idea that the structures are extended along the line of sight, such as would be the case for a scattering shell. The dispersion measurements also show a variety of AU scale structures which would not be called ESEs, yet involve electron density variations typical of ESEs and likely have the same origin.
description: Accepted by ApJ
Rifle marksmanship accuracy in military personnel
Creators: name: Simas, Vini
name: Orr, Robin
name: Canetti, Elisa
name: O'Rourke, James
name: Kou, Si
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Military
subject: Military Personnel
subject: Rifle marksmanship
subject: Tactical Research Unit
subject: TRU

description: Systematic review protocol. The review will aim to systematically identify and synthesise available literature to identify factors that can potentially affect rifle marksmanship in military personnel.
Push button reproduction attempt of a research claim from Loughran, T. A., Paternoster, R., Piquero, A. R., & Pogarsky, G. (2011), in Criminology
Creators: name: Talbert, Eli
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: In the upper and middle range of the detection probability continuum, the net effect of ambiguity on offending is positive. This reflects the following statement from the paper's abstract: "For higher detection probabilities, individuals become “ambiguity seeking” such that a less ambiguous detection probability has more deterrent value than a nominally equivalent but more ambiguous detection probability." The claim is tested using a longitudinal data over 36 months from a sample of serious adolescent offenders. The data are analyzed using a linear probability model (LPM) relating “no one around” (NOA) offending as a function of lagged mean perceived risk of detection, lagged ambiguity of detection (operationalized as variance in perceived risk across similar types of crime), and a period indicator. Also included as regressors are two interaction terms of ambiguity and indicator variables for mean lagged risk being either less than .30 or greater than .70. As indicated, the omitted reference category for the series of interactions is when lagged risk is between .3 and .7. All regression coefficients are standardized to reflect the change in probability of offending associated with a 10 percent change in risk, and all standard errors are cluster-corrected at the individual level. The model also includes an additional vector of controls for age, gender, and race. The test of the claim is based on the main effect of ambiguity which, because of the presence of the aforementioned interaction terms, means that it captures the association between ambiguity and the outcome when lagged risk is between .3 and .7. This result can be found in Table 5 under the “II NOA” heading. The result was a significant main effect of ambiguity, b = .023, SE = .001, p = .003. The focal test in the original paper is: The result was a significant main effect of ambiguity, b = .023, SE = .001, p = .003.
Synthetic Reconstruction of Zoonotic and Early Human Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Isolates That Produce Fatal Disease in Aged Mice
Creators: name: Kelvin, David
name: Heise, Mark
name: Sims, Amy
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Donaldson, Eric
name: Cameron, Mark
name: Harkema, Jack
name: Pickles, Raymond
name: Sheahan, Timothy
name: Rockx, Barry
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic was characterized by high mortality rates in the elderly. The molecular mechanisms that govern enhanced susceptibility of elderly populations are not known, and robust animal models are needed that recapitulate the increased pathogenic phenotype noted with increasing age. Using synthetic biology and reverse genetics, we describe the construction of a panel of isogenic SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) strains bearing variant spike glycoproteins that are representative of zoonotic strains found in palm civets and raccoon dogs, as well as isolates spanning the early, middle, and late phases of the SARS-CoV epidemic. The recombinant viruses replicated efficiently in cell culture and demonstrated variable sensitivities to neutralization with antibodies. The human but not the zoonotic variants replicated efficiently in human airway epithelial cultures, supporting earlier hypotheses that zoonotic isolates are less pathogenic in humans but can evolve into highly pathogenic strains. All viruses replicated efficiently, but none produced clinical disease or death in young animals. In contrast, severe clinical disease, diffuse alveolar damage, hyaline membrane formation, alveolitis, and death were noted in 12-month-old mice inoculated with the palm civet HC/SZ/61/03 strain or early-human-phase GZ02 variants but not with related middle- and late-phase epidemic or raccoon dog strains. This panel of SARS-CoV recombinants bearing zoonotic and human epidemic spike glycoproteins will provide heterologous challenge models for testing vaccine efficacy against zoonotic reintroductions as well as provide the appropriate model system for elucidating the complex virus-host interactions that contribute to more-severe and fatal SARS-CoV disease and acute respiratory distress in the elderly.
Analysis of Intraviral Protein-Protein Interactions of the SARS Coronavirus ORFeome
Creators: name: Simpson, Jeremy
name: Friedel, Caroline C.
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Haas, Juergen
name: von Brunn, Albrecht
name: Pepperkok, Rainer
name: Teepe, Carola
name: Roberts, Rhonda
name: Zimmer, Ralf
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome is predicted to encode 14 functional open reading frames, leading to the expression of up to 30 structural and non-structural protein products. The functions of a large number of viral ORFs are poorly understood or unknown. In order to gain more insight into functions and modes of action and interaction of the different proteins, we cloned the viral ORFeome and performed a genome-wide analysis for intraviral protein interactions and for intracellular localization. 900 pairwise interactions were tested by yeast-two-hybrid matrix analysis, and more than 65 positive non-redundant interactions, including six self interactions, were identified. About 38% of interactions were subsequently confirmed by CoIP in mammalian cells. Nsp2, nsp8 and ORF9b showed a wide range of interactions with other viral proteins. Nsp8 interacts with replicase proteins nsp2, nsp5, nsp6, nsp7, nsp8, nsp9, nsp12, nsp13 and nsp14, indicating a crucial role as a major player within the replication complex machinery. It was shown by others that nsp8 is essential for viral replication in vitro, whereas nsp2 is not. We show that also accessory protein ORF9b does not play a pivotal role for viral replication, as it can be deleted from the virus displaying normal plaque sizes and growth characteristics in Vero cells. However, it can be expected to be important for the virus-host interplay and for pathogenicity, due to its large number of interactions, by enhancing the global stability of the SARS proteome network, or play some unrealized role in regulating protein-protein interactions. The interactions identified provide valuable material for future studies.
title: Value of Subtracted Magnetic Resonance Images in Diagnosis of Different Non Vascular Lesions of the body
Creators: name: Abougabal, Ahmed
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR
subject: Head and neck
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To highlight the role of subtraction imaging for non-vascular MRI applications in assessment of lesions in different parts of the body, that are initially hyperintense on T1W sequences, and in whom visual assessment of enhancement is...
A Mouse-Adapted SARS-Coronavirus Causes Disease and Mortality in BALB/c Mice
Creators: name: Deming, Damon
name: Sheahan, Tim
name: Paddock, Christopher
name: Heise, Mark
name: Vogel, Leatrice
name: Baric, Ralph
name: Genrich, Gillian L.
name: Cheng, Aaron
name: Herman, Brian D.
name: Yount, Boyd
name: Roberts, Anjeanette
name: Zaki, Sherif R.
name: Subbararo, Kanta
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: No single animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) reproduces all aspects of the human disease. Young inbred mice support SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication in the respiratory tract and are available in sufficient numbers for statistical evaluation. They are relatively inexpensive and easily accessible, but their use in SARS research is limited because they do not develop illness following infection. Older (12- to 14-mo-old) BALB/c mice develop clinical illness and pneumonitis, but they can be hard to procure, and immune senescence complicates pathogenesis studies. We adapted the SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) by serial passage in the respiratory tract of young BALB/c mice. Fifteen passages resulted in a virus (MA15) that is lethal for mice following intranasal inoculation. Lethality is preceded by rapid and high titer viral replication in lungs, viremia, and dissemination of virus to extrapulmonary sites accompanied by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and pathological changes in the lungs. Abundant viral antigen is extensively distributed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar pneumocytes, and necrotic cellular debris is present in airways and alveoli, with only mild and focal pneumonitis. These observations suggest that mice infected with MA15 die from an overwhelming viral infection with extensive, virally mediated destruction of pneumocytes and ciliated epithelial cells. The MA15 virus has six coding mutations associated with adaptation and increased virulence; when introduced into a recombinant SARS-CoV, these mutations result in a highly virulent and lethal virus (rMA15), duplicating the phenotype of the biologically derived MA15 virus. Intranasal inoculation with MA15 reproduces many aspects of disease seen in severe human cases of SARS. The availability of the MA15 virus will enhance the use of the mouse model for SARS because infection with MA15 causes morbidity, mortality, and pulmonary pathology. This virus will be of value as a stringent challenge in evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and antivirals.
They Are Such an Asshole: Identifying Exemplars of Aversive Interpersonal Behavior
Creators: name: Sharpe, Brinkley
name: Lynam, Donald
name: Miller, Josh
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Among English speakers in the United States, common insults (e.g. “asshole”) convey a message about the personality of the target. In a multi-method exploration of the nomological networks of insults, Hyatt and colleagues (2019) found that these words were uniformly associated with antagonism (or low agreeableness). In the present study, we aim to replicate and extend these findings by focusing on the insult “asshole” (a common insult used to refer to both men and women). Participants (i.e., informants) will complete measures of personality and report on the “biggest asshole” (i.e., target) in their life – more specifically, we ask for three behaviors that they consider the most bothersome. We will content code descriptions for example behaviors as well as compare means on the five-factor model (FFM; McCrae & Costa, 1987) between participants' self-reports and their informant ratings of the target (i.e., “biggest asshole”). We will use these data to create a taxonomy of specific behaviors that highly disagreeable individuals engage in that have important interpersonal consequences. Additionally, we will examine informants’ perceptions of the targets’ appreciation and concern of the consequences of behaviors, as well as the targets’ perceived ability to change these behaviors.
title: Granulomatous Mastitis - An Uncommon Benign Condition
Creators: name: de Carvalho, Rúben
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Breast
subject: Mammography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Inflammation

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: - To review general issues about granulomatous mastitis: clinical presentation and etiology. - To describe the imaging findings of granulomatous mastitis including breast ultrasound, mammography, contrast-enhanced spectral mammography. - To review...
title: Multimodality Imaging of Renal Cysts: Classifcation, Pearls and Pitfalls
Creators: name: Chow, Mon Ben
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cysts
subject: Education
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Kidney
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1. Review Bosniak renal cyst classification and its limitations. 2. Familiarize readers with the mophology and enhancement criteria used in Bosniak classification. 3. Familiarize readers with the pitfalls in the interpretation of renal cysts and...
Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Time-Reversal-Symmetry Breaking Topological Insulators
Creators: name: Chang, Cui-Zu
name: Li, Mingda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE), the last member of Hall family, was predicted to exhibit quantized Hall conductivity e2/h without any external magnetic field. The QAHE shares a similar physical phenomenon with the integer quantum Hall effect (QHE), whereas its physical origin relies on the intrinsic topological inverted band structure and ferromagnetism. Since the QAHE does not require external energy input in the form of magnetic field, it is believed that this effect has unique potential for applications in future electronic devices with low-power consumption. More recently, the QAHE has been experimentally observed in thin films of the time-reversal symmetry breaking ferromagnetic (FM) topological insulators (TI), Cr- and V- doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3. In this Topical Review, we review the history of TI based QAHE, the route to the experimental observation of the QAHE in the above two systems, the current status of the research of the QAHE, and finally the prospects for future studies.
description: 60 pages, 32 figures. Invited topical review paper for Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter. This is the accepted version. Comments are welcomed
Cochlear Implant Fitting Interventions: A Scoping Review
Creators: name: Migliorini, Enrico
name: Calderon, Ignacio
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Bioelectrical and Neuroengineering
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Sense Organs
subject: Communication Sciences and Disorders
subject: Rehabilitation and Therapy
subject: Computer Sciences
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
subject: Engineering
subject: Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering
subject: Adult
subject: Cochlear Implants
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Prosthesis Fitting
subject: Speech Recognition

description: This scoping review aims at finding reports of fitting interventions aimed at improving speech recognition of poor performers, especially interventions based on Machine Learning.
jamaneurology_morton_2022_rv_220001_1646244188.29201.pdf
Creators: name: Morton, Sarah U
name: Christodoulou, John
name: Costain, Gregory
name: Muntoni, Francesco
name: Wakeling, Emma
name: Wojcik, Monica
name: French, Courtney E.
name: Szuto, Anna
name: Dowling, James J.
name: D. Cohn, Ronald
name: Raymond, F. Lucy
name: T. Darras, Basil
name: A. Williams, David
name: Lunke, Sebastian
name: Stark, Zornitza
name: Rowitch, David H.
name: B. Agrawal, Pankaj
Publisher: name: Health Research Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: Infant and child health
Neonatology

description: IMPORTANCE Infants with hypotonia can present with a variety of potentially severe clinical signs and symptoms and often require invasive testing and multiple procedures. The wide range of clinical presentations and potential etiologies leaves diagnosis and prognosis uncertain, underscoring the need for rapid elucidation of the underlying genetic cause of disease. OBSERVATIONS The clinical application of exome sequencing or genome sequencing has dramatically improved the timely yield of diagnostic testing for neonatal hypotonia, with diagnostic rates of greater than 50% in academic neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across Australia, Canada, the UK, and the US, which compose the International Precision Child Health Partnership (IPCHiP). A total of 74% (17 of 23) of patients had a change in clinical care in response to genetic diagnosis, including 2 patients who received targeted therapy. This narrative review discusses the common causes of neonatal hypotonia, the relative benefits and limitations of available testing modalities used in NICUs, and hypotonia management recommendations. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This narrative review summarizes the causes of neonatal hypotonia and the benefits of prompt genetic diagnosis, including improved prognostication and identification of targeted treatments which can improve the short-term and long-term outcomes. Institutional resources can vary among different NICUs; as a result, consideration should be given to rule out a small number of relatively unique conditions for which rapid targeted genetic testing is available. Nevertheless, the consensus recommendation is to use rapid genome or exome sequencing as a first-line testing option for NICU patients with unexplained hypotonia. As part of the IPCHiP, this diagnostic experience will be collected in a central database with the goal of advancing knowledge of neonatal hypotonia and improving evidence-based practice.
Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies
Creators: name: Xiao, Xiaodong
name: Chakraborti, Samitabh
name: Curtis, Kristopher M.
name: Subbarao, Kanta
name: Nabel, Gary J.
name: Sidorov, Igor A.
name: Dimitrov, Dimiter S.
name: Zhu, Zhongyu
name: Kim, Jeo-Ouk
name: Hensley, Lisa E.
name: Jiang, Shibo
name: Prabakaran, Ponraj
name: Rockx, Barry
name: Feng, Yang
name: Wang, Lin-Fa
name: Sheahan, Tim
name: Baric, Ralph
name: He, Yuxian
name: Roberts, Anjeanette
name: Corti, Davide
name: Vogel, Leatrice
name: Lanzavecchia, Antonio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) caused a worldwide epidemic in late 2002/early 2003 and a second outbreak in the winter of 2003/2004 by an independent animal-to-human transmission. The GD03 strain, which was isolated from an index patient of the second outbreak, was reported to resist neutralization by the human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) 80R and S3.1, which can potently neutralize isolates from the first outbreak. Here we report that two hmAbs, m396 and S230.15, potently neutralized GD03 and representative isolates from the first SARS outbreak (Urbani, Tor2) and from palm civets (SZ3, SZ16). These antibodies also protected mice challenged with the Urbani or recombinant viruses bearing the GD03 and SZ16 spike (S) glycoproteins. Both antibodies competed with the SARS-CoV receptor, ACE2, for binding to the receptor-binding domain (RBD), suggesting a mechanism of neutralization that involves interference with the SARS-CoV–ACE2 interaction. Two putative hot-spot residues in the RBD (Ile-489 and Tyr-491) were identified within the SARS-CoV spike that likely contribute to most of the m396-binding energy. Residues Ile-489 and Tyr-491 are highly conserved within the SARS-CoV spike, indicating a possible mechanism of the m396 cross-reactivity. Sequence analysis and mutagenesis data show that m396 might neutralize all zoonotic and epidemic SARS-CoV isolates with known sequences, except strains derived from bats. These antibodies exhibit cross-reactivity against isolates from the two SARS outbreaks and palm civets and could have potential applications for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of SARS-CoV infections.
Quark and Lepton Mass Matrix Model with Only Six Family-Independent Parameters
Creators: name: Koide, Yoshio
name: Nishiura, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a unified mass matrix model for quarks and leptons, in which sixteen observables of mass ratios and mixings of the quarks and neutrinos are described by using no family number-dependent parameters except for the charged lepton masses and only six family number-independent free parameters. The model is constructed by extending the so-called "Yukawaon" model to a seesaw type model with the smallest number of possible family number-independent free parameters. As a result, once the six parameters is fixed by the quark mixing and the mass ratios of quarks and neutrinos, no free parameters are left in the lepton mixing matrix. The results are in excellent agreement with the neutrino mixing data. We predict $δ_{CP}^\ell =-68^\circ$ for the leptonic $CP$ violating phase and $\langle m\rangle\simeq 21$ meV for the effective Majorana neutrino mass.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted version of a rapid communication i PRD