cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Climate reconstruction from pollen and δ¹³C records using inverse vegetation modeling – Implication for past and future climates
Creators: name: Hatté, Christine
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
name: Guiot, J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Geobiology

description: An improved inverse vegetation model has been designed to better specify both temperature and precipitation estimates from vegetation descriptions. It is based on the BIOME4 vegetation model and uses both vegetation δ¹³C and biome as constraints. Previous inverse models based on only one of the two proxies were already improvements over standard reconstruction methods such as the modern analog since these did not take into account some external forcings, for example CO₂ concentration. This new approach makes it possible to describe a potential "isotopic niche" defined by analogy with the "climatic niche" theory. Boreal and temperate biomes simulated by BIOME4 are considered in this study. We demonstrate the impact of CO₂ concentration on biome existence domains by replacing a "most likely biome" with another with increased CO₂ concentration. Additionally, the climate imprint on δ¹³C between and within biomes is shown: the colder the biome, the lighter its potential isotopic niche; and the higher the precipitation, the lighter the δ¹³C. For paleoclimate purposes, previous inverse models based on either biome or δ¹³C did not allow informative paleoclimatic reconstructions of both precipitation and temperature. Application of the new approach to the Eemian of La Grande Pile palynological and geochemical records reduces the range in precipitation values by more than 50% reduces the range in temperatures by about 15% compared to previous inverse modeling approaches. This shows evidence of climate instabilities during Eemian period that can be correlated with independent continental and marine records.
Bibliographic Control of Special Collections: Issues and Trends
Creators: name: Davis, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1987
Subjects: Library science
Information science

description: Includes an overview of U.S. cataloging and standards work in the area of special collections ca. 1980-1986, with an emphasis on the integration of rare materials cataloging into local and national automated systems. It also proposes a set of goals and objectives for the rare book and special collections community including the development of additional standards, the creation of national collaborative bibliographic initiatives, and engagement with new technologies, including digitization.
title: Selenium and Iron in the Rat Intestine: Effects on Lipid Peroxidation
Creators: name: Vega, Sileny
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: Effects of Fe and Se status on GSHPx activity and lipid peroxidation in liver and intestinal mucosa were studied. Rats were Se and Fe supplemented ( +Se+Fe), Sedeficient and Fe-supplemented (-Se+Fe), Se supplemented and Fe overloaded (+Se++Fe) by intramuscular injection, or Se deficient and Fe overloaded (-Se++Fe) for 20d. Fe overloaded tissues had more Fe, but hemoglobin was unaffected. Liver and mucosal GSHPx activity was low in Se-deficient rats. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were higher in Fe overloaded and -Se++Fe vs +Se++Fe tissues. Mucosal TBARS was higher in -Se++Fe rats gavaged with CBrCl3. In experiment 2, Fe overload was induced by a 2% carbonyl iron, low-Se diet fed for 2mo, the +Se++Fe and -Se++Fe groups. Low Se-, low Fe-diet was fed to rats supplemented with Fe or Fe and Se in the water, the -Se+Fe and +Se+Fe controls. Iron overloaded tissues had more Fe. Liver and mucosal GSHPx activity was lower in Se-deficient and +Se++Fe vs +Se+Fe rats. TBARS was higher in Fe overloaded, -Se++Fe vs +Se++Fe, and CBrCl3 tissues. Hemoglobin and serum Fe were lower in the -Se++Fe group. In experiment 3, low-Se, low-Fe diet was fed for 20d, the -Se-Fe, +Se-Fe, -Se+Fe and +Se+Fe groups. Mucosal Fe was lower in the Fe-deficient rats. Cytochrome P-450 and GSHPx activities were lower and TBARS was higher in Se-deficient tissues. In experiment 4, the +Se+Fe, +SeFe, -Se+Fe, -Se-Fe, +Se++Fe, and -Se++Fe groups treated as in experiment 3. Iron overloaded tissues had more Fe and TBARS, but hemoglobin and serum Fe were unaffected. GSHPx and Cytochrome P-450 activities were lower in Se-deficient and in +Se++Fe vs +Se+Fe rats. CBrCl3 did not affect TBARS.
High TBARS occurred in liver and mucosa of Fe overloaded rats. Chronic Fe overload was required to reduce liver and mucosal GSHPx activity. The combination of Se deficiency and Fe overload caused very high TBARS. Low oral CBrCl3 doses elevated mucosal TBARS, a first report of extrahepatic action of CBrCl3 in vivo. Iron deficiency did not affect GSHPx activity or CBrCl3 induced lipid peroxidation.
Climate versus emission drivers of methane lifetime against loss by tropospheric OH from 1860–2100
Creators: name: John, J. G.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Naik, V.
name: Horowitz, L. W.
name: Dunne, J. P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: With a more-than-doubling in the atmospheric abundance of the potent greenhouse gas methane (CH₄) since preindustrial times, and indications of renewed growth following a leveling off in recent years, questions arise as to future trends and resulting climate and public health impacts from continued growth without mitigation. Changes in atmospheric methane lifetime are determined by factors which regulate the abundance of OH, the primary methane removal mechanism, including changes in CH₄ itself. We investigate the role of emissions of short-lived species and climate in determining the evolution of methane lifetime against loss by tropospheric OH, (τCH₄_OH), in a suite of historical (1860–2005) and future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) simulations (2006–2100), conducted with the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) fully coupled chemistry-climate model (CM3). From preindustrial to present, CM3 simulates an overall 5% increase in τCH₄_OH due to a doubling of the methane burden which offsets coincident increases in nitrogen oxide (NOx emissions. Over the last two decades, however, the τCH₄_OH declines steadily, coinciding with the most rapid climate warming and observed slow-down in CH₄ growth rates, reflecting a possible negative feedback through the CH₄ sink. Sensitivity simulations with CM3 suggest that the aerosol indirect effect (aerosol-cloud interactions) plays a significant role in cooling the CM3 climate. The projected decline in aerosols under all RCPs contributes to climate warming over the 21st century, which influences the future evolution of OH concentration and τCH₄_OH. Projected changes in τCH₄_OH from 2006 to 2100 range from −13% to +4%. The only projected increase occurs in the most extreme warming case (RCP8.5) due to the near-doubling of the CH₄ abundance, reflecting a positive feedback on the climate system. The largest decrease occurs in the RCP4.5 scenario due to changes in short-lived climate forcing agents which reinforce climate warming and enhance OH. This decrease is more-than-halved in a sensitivity simulation in which only well-mixed greenhouse gas radiative forcing changes along the RCP4.5 scenario (5% vs. 13%).
Robust coupling of superconducting order parameter in a mesoscale NbN-Fe-NbN epitaxial structure
Creators: name: Bose, S. K.
name: Budhani, R. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an unconventional and promising route to self-assemble distributed superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor (S-F-S) Josephson Junctions on single crystal [100] MgO. These structures consist of [110] epitaxial nano-plaquettes of Fe covered with superconducting NbN films of varying thickness. The S-F-S structures are characterized by strong magnetoresistance (MR) anisotropy for the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. The stronger in-plane MR suggests decoherence of S-F-S junctions whose critical current follows a (1-T/Tc) and (1-T/Tc)1/2 dependence for T Tc and T<
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Performance evaluation of active wireline heave compensation systems in marine well logging environments
Creators: name: Liu, Tanzhuo
name: Iturrino, Gerardo J.
name: Goldberg, David S.
name: Meissner, Eric
name: Swain, Kerry
name: Furman, Clayton
name: Fitzgerald, Peter
name: Frisbee, Nathan
name: Chlimoun, Joe
name: Van Hyfte, John
name: Beyer, Ron
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Submarine geology

description: The basic functionality and performance of a new Schlumberger active wireline heave compensation system on the JOIDES Resolution was evaluated during the sea trial and a 3-year period of the IODP Phase II operations. A suite of software programs was developed to enable real-time monitoring of the dynamics of logging tools, and assess the efficiency of wireline heave compensation during downhole operations. The evaluation of the system effectiveness was performed under normal logging conditions as well as during stationary tests. Logging data were analyzed for their overall quality and repeatability, and to assess the reliability of high-resolution data such as formation microscanner (FMS) electrical images. This revealed that the system reduces 65–80 % of displacement or 88–98 % variance of downhole tool motion in stationary mode under heave conditions of ±0.2–1.5 m and water depths of 300–4,500 m in open holes. Under similar water/heave conditions, the compensator system reduces tool displacement by 50–60 %, or 75–84 % variance in downhole tool motion during normal logging operations. Such compensation efficiency (CE) is comparable to previous compensation systems, but using advanced and upgradeable technologies, and provides 50–85 % heave motion and heave variance attenuation. Moreover, logging down/up at low speeds (300–600 m/h) reduces the system’s CE values by 15–20 %, and logging down at higher speeds (1,000–1,200 m/h) eliminates CE values by 55–65 %. Considering the high quality of the logging data collected, it is concluded that the new system can provide an improved level of compensation over previous systems. Also, if practically feasible, future integration of downhole cable dynamics as an input feedback into the current system could further improve its compensation efficiency during logging operations.
Surface ozone variability and the jet position: Implications for projecting future air quality
Creators: name: Barnes, Elizabeth A.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Changes in the variability of surface ozone can affect the incidence of ozone pollution events. Analysis of multi-century simulations from a chemistry climate model shows that present-day summertime variability of surface ozone depends strongly on the jet stream position over eastern North America. This relationship holds on decadal time scales under projected climate change scenarios, in which surface ozone variability follows the robust poleward shift of the jet. The correlation between ozone and co-located temperature over eastern North America is also closely tied to the jet position, implying that local ozone-temperature relationships may change as the circulation changes. Jet position can thus serve as a dynamical predictor of future surface ozone variability over eastern North America and may also modulate ozone variability in other northern midlatitude regions.
NAVIGATING POSTCOLONIAL LANDSCAPES: POWER, IDENTITY, AND REPRESENTATION IN THE NOVELS OF ABDULRAZZAQ GURNAH
Creators: name: Karshieva, Tamara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article embarks on a nuanced exploration of postcolonial literature, employing a robust comparative lens to analyze the multifaceted works of Abdulrazzaq Gurnah alongside those of other influential writers. Focused on unraveling narratives surrounding power dynamics, identity construction, and representation, the study aims to discern shared experiences and unique perspectives across diverse cultural and geographical contexts. By employing a transnational lens, the research seeks to illuminate both shared narratives and unique perspectives that characterize postcolonial literature across different cultural, historical, and geographical contexts.
On the global well-posedness of a class of Boussinesq- Navier-Stokes systems
Creators: name: Miao, Changxing
name: Xue, Liutang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 76D03, 76D05, 35B33, 35Q35

description: In this paper we consider the following 2D Boussinesq-Navier-Stokes systems \partial_{t}u+u\cdot\nabla u+\nabla p+ |D|^αu &= θe_{2} \partial_{t}θ+u\cdot\nabla θ+ |D|^βθ&=0 \quad with $\textrm{div} u=0$ and $0
description: 23pages
title: A Quantitative Assessment of Minerals of Toxicological Importance in Utah Fast Foods
Creators: name: Williams, Lisa R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: X-ray flourescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) measurements for manganese, iron, copper, and zinc were compared for 96 samples of 21 foods from different sources. Correlation coefficients were 0.94 for manganese, 0.99 for iron, 0.93 for copper, and 0.91 for zinc for XRF vs. AAS determinations.
Similiar comparisons were performed on 228 samples of fast foods purchased in Utah retail outlets. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 for copper to 0.97 for iron and zinc. Comparisons of values generated by XRF for manganese, iron, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, and aluminum to values certified by the National Bureau of Standards indicated no significant differences by student's t tests.
The simultaneous multielement capabilities of XRF allowed for an extensive screening study for high levels of toxic minerals in the fast foods. Levels of selenium, arsenic, and aluminum in fast foods were determined by XRF. Inductively coupled plasma was used to screen for high cadmium levels since cadmium detection limits by XRF were too high to be of value.
title: A Longitudinal Study of Dietary Intake and Influence of Iron Status on Infants' and Toddlers' Mental and Motor Development
Creators: name: Wood, Steven Matley
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1989

description: Thirty-two non-anemic children were assessed clinically, biochemically and anthropometrically at six months, one year and two years of age to investigate the relationship of iron status to mental and motor development. Using dietary history and dietary record instruments, dietary iron was estimated and compared to the National Food Consumption Survey (1985) and the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for corresponding age groups. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development (which assess mental and motor development) and the Caldwell Home Inventory (which evaluates the environmental stimuli) were performed and correlated with blood iron parameters, anthropometric measurements and dietary nutrient intakes.
Nutrient intakes of these children were similar to those reported in the NFCS (1985) for one- and two-year-olds. Iron intake decreased from 13.2 mg iron daily (88% RDA) at six months to 10.3 mg iron daily (68% RDA) and 7.4 mg iron daily (49% RDA) at two years of age. The correlation between iron intake and development was not statistically significant at any age. Stepwise, multiple regression was employed to investigate the extent to which variation in mental and motor development was explained by dietary variables, blood iron parameters and anthropometric measurements. Hematocrit was the only variable that significantly explained variation in mental development at all three ages. The findings of this study were different from earlier studies in that there was no statistical correlation between iron status and mental development; but, it did confirm the conclusion of more recent experiments that iron status has little effect on infants' and toddlers' development. The finding that infants and toddlers consuming less than the RDA for iron do not display iron deficiency symptoms and were not developmentally delayed or compromised should be comforting to parents who are concerned about iron intake during this critical period of infants' brain growth.
Berry phase mediated topological thermoelectric transport in gapped single and bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Zhang, Chuanwei
name: Tewari, Sumanta
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the anomalous thermoelectric transport in gapped single and bilayer graphene where the gap may be due to broken inversion symmetry. In the presence of the gap, non-trivial Berry phase effects can be shown to mediate a transverse thermoelectric voltage in response to an applied temperature gradient even in the absence of a perpendicular magnetic field. This spontaneous, anomalous Nernst effect is nonzero for non-uniform chemical potential in the two inequivalent valleys in the graphene band structure. Conversely, the Nernst response can be used to create a valley-index polarization between the two transverse sample edges as in the analogous valley Hall effect.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
QPO-jet relation in X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Belloni, Tomaso M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the past years, a clear picture of the evolution of outbursts of black-hole X-ray binaries has emerged. While the X-ray properties can be classified into our distinct states, based on spectral and timing properties, the observations in the radio band have shown strong links between accretion and ejection properties. Here I briefly outline the association between X-ray timing and jet properties.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. Invited talk to Joint Discussion 07 "Astrophysical Outflows and Associated Accretion Phenomena". To appear in Highlights of Astronomy, Vol. 15, Proc. of the XXVIIth IAU General Assembly, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 2009, Cambridge University Press
Low-frequency climate variability in the Atlantic basin during the 20th century
Creators: name: Tourre, Yves Marcel
name: Paz, Shlomit
name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: White, Warren B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: From joint sea surface temperature/sea level pressure (SST/SLP) EOF analyses, lowfrequency variability modes are compared. The multi-decadal oscillation (MDO) changed phases twice during the 20th century, with its north Atlantic SST patterns resembling the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation (AMO). The quasi-decadal oscillation (QDO) SST patterns displayed a double tripole configuration over the entire Atlantic basin, leading to tropical inter-hemispheric out-of-phase relationship. From the mid-1960s onward, while ST anomalies were negative to the north (negative phases of MDO/AMO), the Sahelian drought persisted with a weaker hurricane power dissipation index (PDI). During that period, the QDO modulated the intensity of the Sahelian drought.
Varying the effective refractive index to measure optical transport in random media
Creators: name: Faez, Sanli
name: Johnson, P. M.
name: Lagendijk, Ad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new approach for measuring both the effective medium and the transport properties of light propagation in heterogeneous media. Our method utilizes the conceptual equivalence of frequency variation with a change in the effective index of refraction. Experimentally, we measure intensity correlations via spectrally resolved refractive index tuning, controlling the latter via changes in the ambient pressure. Our experimental results perfectly match a generalized transport theory that incorporates the effective medium and predicts a precise value for the diffusion constant. Thus, we directly confirm the applicability of the effective medium concept in strongly scattering materials.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
title: Interrelationships among Magnesium Deficiency, Ketogenic Diet, and Fasting on Seizure Susceptibility
Creators: name: AI-Hamdani, Hamdia Mohammed Shahwan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Fasting and ketogenic diet prevent seizures in epileptic children, magnesium-deficient rats and other animal models of seizure disorders. This effect has been attributed to increased levels of circulating ketone bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of serum ketone bodies, measured as beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), in preventing audiogenically-induced seizures in weanling rats fed a magnesium-deficient diet for 17 days.
The effect on seizure susceptibility was investigated by feeding a magnesium-deficient diet to weanling rats for 17 days. Fasting and ketogenic diet (dietary medium chain triglycerides, MCT) markedly decreased seizure incidence that was associated with increased serum BHB level. Also, rats fasted for 24h or fed 28 percent dietary MCT had decreased seizure incidence as compared with rats fed 3 percent dietary MCT or rats fasted for 6h. These effects were not caused by differences in caloric density or percentage of calories from fat in the diets.
Gavaging 2 mmoles of BHB resulted in lower seizure incidence; as compared with rats gavaged with 0.5 mmoles BHB when measured 30 min after dosing. In contrast, gavaging 5.6 mmoles of glucose resulted in increased seizure incidence in 24-h-fasted rats.
Gavaging 5.6 mmoles of glucose with 0.5 mmole of BHB simultaneously resulted in higher seizure incidence than gavaging with 2.0 mmole BHB and 1.4 mmole glucose simultaneuosly. In addition, gavaging 5.6 mmoles of glucose with 2 mmoles of BHB resulted in higher seizure incidence than gavaging 2 mmoles of BHB alone, which markedly reduced seizure incidence in fasted animals.
Fasting, ketogenic diet (MCT) and gavaging BHB increase serum BHB and decrease serum glucose concentrations . Gavaging glucose reduced serum BHB and increased serum glucose concentration. There was an inverse relationship between serum BHB and glucose in all treatments of this study. Although some treatments affected serum minerals, these effects were not consistent among experiments. Therefore, fasting, ketogenic diet (MCT) and gavaging BHB or glucose does not affect serum minerals markedly or consistently; and modifications in serum minerals caused by these treatments do not account for this effect on seizure incidence and severity. Finally, increases in serum BHB and decreases in serum glucose were consistently associated with dose-dependent reductions in seizure susceptibility of rats fed a magnesium-deficient diet for 17 days.
Two-Dimensional Turbo-Equalization with Machine Learning Estimation for Doubly-Dispersive Channels
Creators: name: Pires, Jorge Andres
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: BCJR algorithm
CNN
compressed sensing
Doubly dispersive channels
equalization
estimation

description: On doubly-dispersive channels signals unavoidably spread in frequency due to the Doppler effect, and in time due to severe multi-path. These lead to inter-carrier interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) on multi-carrier communication systems. While ISI can be avoided by appending time guards to every multi-carrier symbol, in long delay channels, this consumes a significant fraction of the symbol
description: duration, reducing the effective data rate. In this dissertation, a novel time guard free ICI-ISI estimation-equalization system is presented, which demonstrates substantial improvements over previous literature. A joint equalization is performed by employing two maximum a-posteriori (MAP) equalizers that process data both frequency- and time-wise using the BCJR algorithm. The equalizers are paired together
description: into a turbo architecture with a channel decoder, in which soft-bit information is exchanged to boost performance. It is shown that the proposed system reduces bit error rate (BER) by exploiting Doppler and time diversity. Moreover, theoretical two-dimensional maximum-likelihood bounds for ICI-ISI equalization are derived, and these show diversities as well. By making use of these diversities, the proposed
description: system is able to perform nearly close to the full time guard case for certain channels. The system is initially presented for doubly-dispersive Rayleigh fading channels, with perfect channel state information. Subsequently, the system is extended to incorporate channel estimation, with a focus on high-spread sparse channels where compressed sensing techniques are applicable. An innovative approach that enables
description: both ICI-ISI estimation and equalization is introduced by using the OMP algorithm. When compared to one-dimensional ICI-only equalization with time guards, the time guard free ICI-ISI equalizers achieve significant BER reductions for very high-spread channels. This dissertation also addresses ISI equalization for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR). In TDMR, media-dependent noise presents a significant obstacle. A media noise estimator based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is presented. By incorporating skip connections into the network architecture, the estimation accuracy is improved while achieving a substantial complexity reduction.
Higher order terms in an improved heterotic M theory
Creators: name: Moss, Ian G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Curvature squared terms are added to a consistent formulation of supergravity on manifolds with boundary which is meant to represent the low energy limit of the strongly coupled heterotic string. These terms are necessary for the cancellation of gravitational anomalies and for reduction to lower dimensions with broken chiral symmetry. The consequences of anomaly cancellation when flux and extrinsic curvature terms are taken into account have yet to be fully exploited, but some implications for flux terms are discussed.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX
A High Dynamic Range 3-Moduli-Set with Efficient Reverse Converter
Creators: name: Hariri, Arash
name: Navi, K.
name: Rastegar, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: -Residue Number System (RNS) is a valuable tool for fast and parallel arithmetic. It has a wide application in digital signal processing, fault tolerant systems, etc. In this work, we introduce the 3-moduli set {2^n, 2^{2n}-1, 2^{2n}+1} and propose its residue to binary converter using the Chinese Remainder Theorem. We present its simple hardware implementation that mainly includes one Carry Save Adder (CSA) and a Modular Adder (MA). We compare the performance and area utilization of our reverse converter to the reverse converters of the moduli sets {2^n-1, 2^n, 2^n+1, 2^{2n}+1} and {2^n-1, 2^n, 2^n+1, 2^n-2^{(n+1)/2}+1, 2^n+2^{(n+1)/2}+1} that have the same dynamic range and we demonstrate that our architecture is better in terms of performance and area utilization. Also, we show that our reverse converter is faster than the reverse converter of {2^n-1, 2^n, 2^n+1} for dynamic ranges like 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit however it requires more area.
title: Purification and Immunological Reactivity of Commercial Microbial Milk Clotting Enzyme Preparations
Creators: name: Osuala, Chima I.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1990

description: Commercial microbial milk clotting enzyme preparations were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using purified antibody covalently coupled to porous glass beads as the column matrix. Commercial enzyme preparation diluted in 1 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.0 was then biospecifically adsorbed to the column matrix by end-over-end mixing of the glass-antibody complex in the enzyme solution for 12 h at 5°C. The antibody bound enzyme adsorbed glass beads were soaked in .2 M glycine or ethanolarnine at pH 7.0 to block uncoupled reactive sites on the matrix. Following this, the column was washed with 1 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 7 .0, followed by additional wash with .5 M NaCl, until absorbance at 280 nm returned to baseline. Elution of adsorbed enzyme was achieved with .2 M sodium acetate at pH 3.0, .2 M acetate at pH 3.5, containing .15 M NaCl and .5 M acetate at pH 4.0 containing .5 M NaCL At the same protein concentration, immunoaffinity chromatography purified enzymes had higher clotting activity than the commercial enzyme preparations. Amino acid analysis and OPA proteolysis tests of TCA soluble peptides liberated from casein hydrolysis showed purified enzymes to exhibit lower general proteolytic activity.
Immunological reactivity of Mucor enzymes with calf rennet was determined with antibodies produced by intramuscular injections of Mucor miehei protease, Mucor pusillus protease and calf rennet emulsified in Freund's adjuvant into three New Zealand White rabbits . Harvested antisera were heated at 56°C for 30 min to inactivate complement factors and contaminating proteins then centrifuged at 1700 x g for 30 min. Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion method was used to test for presence of antibodies in the antisera, and for cross immunoreactivity. Antibodies against M. miehei were cross reactive with M. pusillus antigen and M. pusillus antibodies cross reacted with M. miehei antigen. Immunodiffusion assay did not show cross reactivity of calf rennet antibodies with either M. miehei antigen or M. pusillus antigen. Antibodies against the Mucor enzymes did not show cross reactivity with calf rennet antigen.
Although their actions in milk differ, proteolytic enzyme preparations from M. miehei and M. pusillus are both used as calf rennet substitutes in cheese manufacture. Differences in the characteristics of the two Mucor enzyme preparations exist, even though they exhibit some immunological homology . From our results, at least one antigenic factor is common to both enzyme preparations.
title: Survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacteria bifidum in Ice Cream for Use as a Probiotic Food
Creators: name: Hekmat, Sharareh
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Ice cream mix (12% fat, 11% milk solids nonfat, 12.5% sugar, and 4.5% corn syrup solids) was fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Half of the mix was heat treated at 82°C for 30 minutes and cooled to 40-41°C. The other half was warmed to 40-41°C and inoculated with the starter cultures. Both were made into ice cream and stored at -29°C. Survival of L. acidophilus and B. bifidum and of β-galactosidase activity were monitored during 17 weeks of frozen storage. Reinforced clostridial medium was used to enumerate culture bacteria. Colony counts, after fermentation, for both L. acidophilus and B. bifidum were about 5 x 108. The population of cultures decreased less than one log cycle after initial freezing. After 17 weeks storage the bacterial counts were 1 x 107 for B. bifidum and were 4 x 106 for L. acidophilus. During the same period, β-galactosidase activity decreased only 31%. Therefore, frozen fermented dairy products provide a good vehicle to supply β-galactosidase enzymes to people who are lactose maldigestors.
Frozen fermented ice cream was prepared at four different pH's (5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5) by blending fermented mix with unfermented mix and then was frozen to produce samples for sensory evaluation. All samples were strawberry flavored. These were then evaluated by 88 judges. The preferred pH, based on overall acceptance, was 5.5. A second sensory evaluation was conducted to compare heat-treated with non-heat-treated ice cream. There were no significant differences in appearance, texture, flavor, and overall acceptance between the two samples.
Our study shows that ice cream is a suitable vehicle for delivering these beneficial microorganisms and enzymes to consumers.
Nitrogen Isotopic Fractionation in Interstellar Ammonia
Creators: name: Lis, D. C.
name: Wootten, A.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Roueff, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT), we have obtained accurate measurements of the $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N isotopic ratio in ammonia in two nearby cold, dense molecular clouds, Barnard~1 and NGC 1333. The $^{14}$N/$^{15}$N ratio in Barnard~1, $334 \pm 50$ (3$σ$), is particularly well constrained and falls in between the local interstellar medium/proto-solar value of $\sim 450$ and the terrestrial atmospheric value of 272. The NGC 1333 measurement is consistent with the Barnard~1 result, but has a larger uncertainty. We do not see evidence for the very high $^{15}$N enhancements seen in cometary CN. Sensitive observations of a larger, carefully selected sample of prestellar cores with varying temperatures and gas densities can significantly improve our understanding of the nitrogen fractionation in the local interstellar medium and its relation to the isotopic ratios measured in various solar system reservoirs.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
North Atlantic influence on 19th–20th century rainfall in the Dead Sea watershed, teleconnections with the Sahel, and implication for Holocene climate fluctuations
Creators: name: Kushnir, Yochanan
name: Stein, Mordechai
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Hydrology

description: The importance of understanding processes that govern the hydroclimate of the Mediterranean Basin is highlighted by the projected significant drying of the region in response to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Here we study the long-term hydroclimatic variability of the central Levant region, situated in the eastern boundary of the Basin, as reveled by instrumental observations and the Holocene record of Dead Sea level variations. Observations of 19th and 20th century precipitation in the Dead Sea watershed region display a multidecadal, anti-phase relationship to North Atlantic (NAtl) sea surface temperature (SST) variability, such that when the NAtl is relatively cold, Jerusalem experiences higher than normal precipitation and vice versa. This association is underlined by a negative correlation to precipitation in the sub-Saharan Sahel and a positive correlation to precipitation in western North America, areas that are also affected by multidecadal NAtl SST variability. These observations are consistent with a broad range of Holocene hydroclimatic fluctuations from the epochal, to the millennial and centennial time scales, as displayed by the Dead Sea lake level, by lake levels in the Sahel, and by direct and indirect proxy indicators of NAtl SSTs. On the epochal time scale, the gradual cooling of NAtl SSTs throughout the Holocene in response to precession-driven reduction of summer insolation is associated with previously well-studied wet-to-dry transition in the Sahel and with a general increase in Dead Sea lake levels from low stands after the Younger Dryas to higher stands in the mid- to late-Holocene. On the millennial and centennial time scales there is also evidence for an anti-phase relationship between Holocene variations in the Dead Sea and Sahelian lake levels and with proxy indicators of NAtl SSTs. However the records are punctuated by abrupt lake-level drops, which appear to be in-phase and which occur during previously documented abrupt major cooling events in the Northern Hemisphere. We propose that the mechanisms by which NAtl SSTs affect precipitation in the central Levant is related to the tendency for high (low) pressure anomalies to persist over the eastern North Atlantic/Western Mediterranean region when the Basin is cold (warm). This, in turn, affects the likelihood of cold air outbreaks and cyclogenesis in the Eastern Mediterranean and, consequently, rainfall in the central Levant region. Depending on its phase, this natural mechanism can alleviate or exacerbate the anthropogenic impact on the regions' hydroclimatic future.
title: Rapid Determination of Milk Components and Detection of Adulteration Using Fourier Transform Infrared Technology
Creators: name: Mendenhall, Ivan Von
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: Absorption bands responding to changes in fat, protein, and lactose concentrations in milk were determined. The effects of milk fat variation and lipolysis on the infrared spectrum were studied.
Absorbances from 1283 to 1100 cm-1 correlated with fat, protein, and lactose concentration and showed a low response to milk fat variation and lipolysis. A Fourier transform infrared spectrometer equipped with an attenuated total internal reflectance cell was calibrated using these absorption band s, partial least squares statistics, and milk samples from herds in Minnesota. When the fat, protein, and lactose concentrations in these samples were predicted, the standard deviations of difference (reference - infrared) were .22, .06, and .02% . When the fat, protein, and lactose concentrations in a separate set of samples from herds in California were predicted, the standard deviations of difference were 1.23, .10, and .07%. Substitution of a 15 μm pathlength transmission cell for the attenuated total internal reflectance cell changed the standard deviations of difference to .07, .11, and .06% in the calibration (Minnesota) samples and .09, .10, and .16% in the validation (California) samples.
Infrared spectroscopy was used to measure whey powder in an adulterated sample of nonfat dry milk. Mixtures of nonfat dry milk containing whey powder at various concentrations were analyzed using absorption bands between 1400 and 1200 cm-1 in the infrared spectrum. There was a strong correlation (r > .99) between predicted and measured concentrations of whey powder in adulterated samples. Accuracy was not affected by processing conditions , source of nonfat dry milk, and origin of whey powder.
A rapid method for detecting soybean oil in process cheese was developed. The infrared spectrum of each sample was collected using an accessory designed for analysis of solid samples. A linear relationship fit (= .98) when the ratio of absorbance at 2957 and 2852 cm-1 was plotted versus percent adulteration.
title: Determining the Validity of Methods Used in Meat Iron Analysis
Creators: name: Ummadi, Padmashri
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1991

description: The validity of the Homsey method for heme iron, modified Schricker and sodium pyrophosphate extraction methods for nonheme iron and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and ferrozine methods for total iron were determined using spikes of hemoglobin, ground beef baked to different degrees of doneness, proportional beef liver:catfish mixtures and National Institute of Science and Technology reference materials.
The mean spike recoveries of 0.0lg and 0.02g Hb in raw beef and raw chicken samples were 96.7% of the heme iron for the Homsey method, 97.9% of the total iron for the ferrozine method, and 85.7% of the total iron for the AAS technique.
In ground beef patties baked rare, medium and well-done, the nonheme iron values increased with
Heme and nonheme iron values were plotted against beef liver concentrations in the beef liver:catfish mixtures, and the correlation coefficients obtained were 0.994 for the Homsey method, 0.991 for the modified Schricker method, and 0.995 for the sodium pyrophosphate method. Heme iron plus nonheme iron equalled total iron for all the mixtures. Student's t test revealed no significant difference between ferrozine total iron values and NIST-certified concentrations, but the AAS total iron values were significantly (p
Chinese Local Gazetteers: Evolution, Institutionalization and Digitization
Creators: name: Wang, Chengzhi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Information science

description: The past three decades have witnessed great changes and developments in the publishing industry in China. One important change is that more and more new local gazetteers (or local histories) and yearbooks are compiled and published in book format. Local gazetteers and yearbooks are also increasingly available in electronic format through commercial databases or as is less known, in public domain. The purpose of this article is to address the following questions: What are new local gazetteers and yearbooks? Why so many titles are published now? Are there any free online full texts available? What are the free online full texts? In addition, I will briefly examine the institutionalization of compiling and publishing local gazetteers and yearbooks in China. Furthermore, I present the result of a survey on freely available online full texts of such materials that I conducted from 2007 through 2008. Given that commercial full-text databases of local gazetteers are unaffordable for most libraries in North America, it is hoped that students, researchers and librarians of Chinese studies shall find the free online full-text materials useful.
Moral vision : a unity of cosmos, character, and incident in Mrs. Radcliffe's novels
Creators: name: Whitley, Raymond Kenneth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Critical treatment of Mrs. Radcliffe's canon, in addition to being superficial, has laid altogether too much stress on the sensational aspects of her work. In my thesis, I assess the nature of the world which she creates, examine the consequent psychology of her good and evil characters, and point out the manner in which her treatment of some other themes correspond to that nature and that psychology. By this means, I intend to show that there exists in her works a strong moral vision and a unified artistic statement that shows them to be far less frivolous and incompetent than is generally thought.
Amplification of wet and dry month occurrence over tropical land regions in response to global warming
Creators: name: Lintner, Benjamin R.
name: Biasutti, Michela
name: Diffenbaugh, Noah S.
name: Lee, Jung-Eun
name: Niznik, Matthew J.
name: Findell, Kirsten L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Hydrologic cycle
Precipitation variability
Global warming

description: Quantifying how global warming impacts the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation represents a key scientific challenge with profound implications for human welfare. Utilizing monthly precipitation data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) climate change simulations, the results here show that the occurrence of very dry (<0.5 mm/day) and very wet (>10 mm/day) months comprises a straightforward, robust metric of anthropogenic warming on tropical land region rainfall. In particular, differencing tropics-wide precipitation frequency histograms for 25-year periods over the late 21st and 20th centuries shows increased late-21st-century occurrence of histogram extremes both in the model ensemble and across individual models. Mechanistically, such differences are consistent with the view of enhanced tropical precipitation spatial gradients. Similar diagnostics are calculated for two 15-year subperiods over 1979–2008 for the CMIP3 models and three observational precipitation products to assess whether the signature of late-21st-century warming has already emerged in response to recent warming. While both the observations and CMIP3 ensemble-mean hint at similar amplification in the warmer (1994–2008) subinterval, the changes are not robust, as substantial differences are evident among the observational products and the intraensemble spread is large. Comparing histograms computed from the warmest and coolest years of the observational period further demonstrates effects of internal variability, notably the El Niño/Southern Oscillation, which appear to oppose the impact of quasi-uniform anthropogenic warming on the wet tail of the monthly precipitation distribution. These results identify the increase of very dry and wet occurrences in monthly precipitation as a potential signature of anthropogenic global warming but also highlight the continuing dominance of internal climate variability on even bulk measures of tropical rainfall.
The Core-collapse rate from the Supernova Legacy Survey
Creators: name: Bazin, G.
name: Palanque-Delabrouille, N.
name: Rich, J.
name: Ruhlmann-Kleider, V.
name: Aubourg, E.
name: Guillou, L. Le
name: Astier, P.
name: Balland, C.
name: Basa, S.
name: Carlberg, R. G.
name: Conley, A.
name: Fouchez, D.
name: Guy, J.
name: Hardin, D.
name: Hook, I. M.
name: Howell, D. A.
name: Pain, R.
name: Perrett, K.
name: Pritchet, C. J.
name: Regnault, N.
name: Sullivan, M.
name: Antilogus, P.
name: Arsenijevic, V.
name: Baumont, S.
name: Fabbro, S.
name: Du, J. Le
name: Lidman, C.
name: Mouchet, M.
name: Mourão, A.
name: Walker, E. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use three years of data from the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS) to study the general properties of core-collapse and type Ia supernovae. This is the first such study using the "rolling search" technique which guarantees well-sampled SNLS light curves and good efficiency for supernovae brighter than $i^\prime\sim24$. Using host photometric redshifts, we measure the supernova absolute magnitude distribution down to luminosities $4.5 {\rm mag}$ fainter than normal SNIa. Using spectroscopy and light-curve fitting to discriminate against SNIa, we find a sample of 117 core-collapse supernova candidates with redshifts $z<0.4$ (median redshift of 0.29) and measure their rate to be larger than the type Ia supernova rate by a factor $4.5\pm0.8(stat.) \pm0.6 (sys.)$. This corresponds to a core-collapse rate at $z=0.3$ of $[1.42\pm 0.3(stat.) \pm0.3(sys.)]\times10^{-4}\yr^{-1}(h_{70}^{-1}\Mpc)^{-3}$.
description: accepted Astronomy and Astrophysics
Line shape of the muH(3p - 1s) hyperfine transitions
Creators: name: Covita, D. S.
name: Anagnostopoulos, D. F.
name: Gorke, H.
name: Gotta, D.
name: Gruber, A.
name: Hirtl, A.
name: Ishiwatari, T.
name: Indelicato, P.
name: LeBigot, E. -O.
name: Nekipelov, M.
name: Santos, J. M. F. dos
name: Schmid, Ph.
name: Simons, L. M.
name: Trassinelli, M.
name: Veloso, J. F. C. A.
name: Zmeskal, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The (3p - 1s) X-ray transition to the muonic hydrogen ground state was measured with a high resolution crystal spectrometer. A Doppler effect broadening of the X-ray line was established which could be attributed to different Coulomb de-excitation steps preceding the measured transition. The assumption of a statistical population of the hyperfine levels of the muonic hydrogen ground state was directly confirmed by the experiment and measured values for the hyperfine splitting can be reported. The results allow a decisive test of advanced cascade model calculations and establish a method to extract fundamental strong-interaction parameters from pionic hydrogen experiments.
description: Submitted to Physical Review Letters