cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
•FARM POLICY IN THE 1980's VIEW FROM A LAND-GRANT UNIVERSITY
Creators: name: Ray, Daryll E.
name: Ray, Daryll E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The major farm policy problem in the 1980's will be uncertainty and incomes will occur but, as during the seventies, they will be instability. Periods of low prices and incomes will be of relatively short duration and not at all reminiscent of the fifties and sixties_
Future global stability for relativistic perfect fluids with linear equations of state $p=Kρ$ where $1/3
Creators: name: Oliynyk, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish the future stability of nonlinear perturbations of a class of homogeneous solutions to the relativistic Euler equations with a linear equation of state $p=Kρ$ on exponentially expanding FLRW spacetimes for the equation of state parameter values $1/3 < K < 1/2$.
description: Comments typos corrected; agrees with the published version
The Effect of Discrete Ordering via Ballots on Price Selection at the UBC Fooood Café
Creators: name: Bragg, Sophie
name: Dierkes, Tillman
name: Fisher, Mallory
name: Ma, Candice
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Fooood is a non-profit, choose-what-you-pay café on the University of British Columbia (UBC) campus with a three-tier pricing system (i.e. $5/$10/$15). The café is a resource for food insecure individuals because nutritious meals are made available at a subsidized price. Normally, customers convey their price option to the cashier by pointing to an informative poster describing the price choices. For this research, ballot-ordering was implemented for one week as an intervention to promote privacy in the ordering process, as embarrassment and shame are noted barriers to accessing food resources. Literature review, survey results and experimental data (i.e. ordering data of the ballot and non-ballot weeks) were used to evaluate the hypothesis that customers would select the lowest price option at Fooood more frequently when ordering was achieved via ballot. Survey results found that 63% of respondents chose a less healthy meal for financial reasons on a weekly basis. The experimental data shows that there was a slight, but insignificant, increase in $5 meals ordered during ballot implementation. We recommend that Fooood further evaluate the attitudes that customers have towards Fooood's ordering process so that operational changes can be made targeting potential barriers to accessing the resource e.g. fear of judgement. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Additional file 2 of Factors associated with short birth interval in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Creators: name: Pimentel, Juan
name: Umaira Ansari
name: Omer, Khalid
name: Yagana Gidado
name: Muhd Chadi Baba
name: Andersson, Neil
name: Cockcroft, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Search strategy. Key terms specific to each database, Boolean operators, and truncators.
Inverse temperature dependence of the dust submillimeter spectral index
Creators: name: Dupac, X.
name: Bernard, J. -P.
name: Boudet, N.
name: Giard, M.
name: Lamarre, J. -M.
name: Meny, C.
name: Pajot, F.
name: Ristorcelli, I.
name: Serra, G.
name: Stepnik, B.
name: Torre, J. -P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a compilation of PRONAOS-based results concerning the temperature dependence of the dust submillimeter spectral index, including data from Galactic cirrus, star-forming regions, dust associated to a young stellar object, and a spiral galaxy. We observe large variations of the spectral index (from 0.8 to 2.4) in a wide range of temperatures (11 to 80 K). These spectral index variations follow a hyperbolic-shaped function of the temperature, high spectral indices (1.6-2.4) being observed in cold regions (11-20 K) while low indices (0.8-1.6) are observed in warm regions (35-80 K). Three distinct effects may play a role in this temperature dependence: one is that the grain sizes change in dense environments, another is that the chemical composition of the grains is not the same in different environments, a third one is that there is an intrinsic dependence of the dust spectral index on the temperature due to quantum processes. This last effect is backed up by laboratory measurements and could be the dominant one.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Letter accepted April 2003 in A&A
On holomorphic reflexivity conditions for complex Lie groups
Creators: name: Aristov, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Akbarov's holomorphic version of the non-commutative Pontryagin duality for a complex Lie group. We prove, under the assumption that $G$ is a Stein group with finitely many components, that (1) the topological Hopf algebra of holomorphic functions on $G$ is holomorphically reflexive if and only if $G$ is linear; (2) the dual cocommutative topological Hopf algebra of exponential analytic functional on $G$ is holomorphically reflexive. We give a counterexample, which shows that the first criterion cannot be extended to the case of infinitely many components. Nevertheless, we conjecture that, in general, the question can be solved in terms of the Banach-algebra linearity of $G$.
description: version 6, Appendix is added, \circe is replaced by \bullet, plus some minor correction
Insightful t-SNE guided exploration spotlighting Palbociclib and Ribociclib analogues as novel WEE1 kinase inhibitory candidates
Creators: name: Muthuraj, Rajesh
name: Gopal, Dhanushya
name: Ahmed, Iqrar
name: Chandrasekaran, Jaikanth
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: In the era of targeted therapeutics, protein kinases like WEE1 have become pivotal drug targets, especially for cancer therapy. Utilizing a multi-faceted approach, our study adds fresh insights to this endeavour. We employed the t-SNE algorithm, combined with ECFP4 fingerprints, to analyse the molecular similarity between FDA-approved drugs and known clinical trial inhibitors. Our t-SNE analysis identified the closest clusters to known inhibitors and selected 11 FDA-approved drugs for further study. Using the DrugSpaceX platform, we generated analogues for these 11 FDA-approved drugs. These analogues were refined according to Lipinski’s Rule of Five and Synthetic Accessibility scores, yielding 68,640 analogues for additional scrutiny. Among these, derivatives of Palbociclib and Ribociclib stood out as the most promising WEE1 inhibitors, based on docking scores and interaction patterns. Molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of these protein-ligand interactions, particularly for DE50607359, a top-ranked Palbociclib analogue, which also met most pharmacokinetic parameters within acceptable limits. Our study uncovers new candidates for WEE1 inhibition not previously reported. With our multi-layered computational strategy, we provide a solid foundation for future experimental validation and targeted drug development in cancer therapeutics. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma Employed the t-SNE algorithm and ECFP4 fingerprints to discern molecular similarities between FDA-approved drugs and known clinical trial inhibitors, identifying 11 key drugs. Leveraged the DrugSpaceX platform to generate analogues for these selected FDA-approved drugs, yielding a massive collection of 68,640 refined analogues based on Lipinski’s Rule of Five and Synthetic Accessibility scores. Derivatives of Palbociclib and Ribociclib emerged as the most promising WEE1 inhibitors, supported by their docking scores and interaction patterns. Validated protein-ligand interactions through molecular dynamics simulations, spotlighting DE50607359, a superior Palbociclib analogue, meeting critical pharmacokinetic parameters.
Malimbus flavipes Chapin 1916
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Ploceidae
Malimbus
Malimbus flavipes

description: Malimbus flavipes Chapin
Malimbus flavipes Chapin, 1916: 27 (Avakubi, Ituri District, Belgian Congo).
Now Ploceus flavipes (Chapin, 1916). See Chapin, 1954b: 388–389; Moreau and Greenway, 1962: 55; Dickinson, 2003: 723; Fry and Keith, 2004: 104; and Craig, 2010: 187.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 162602, adult female, collected at Avakubi, 01.24N, 27.40E (Chapin, 1954a), Ituri district, Congo (Kinshasa), on 20 September 1913, by James P. Chapin (no. 5067). Collected on the Lang-Chapin Expedition.
COMMENTS: Chapin collected a single specimen of this rare species and gave his field number for it in the original description.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 25, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
Longitudinal conductivity in Si/SiGe heterostructure at integer filling factors
Creators: name: Shlimak, I.
name: Ginodman, V.
name: Levin, M.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Maude, D. K.
name: Friedland, K. -J.
name: Paul, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated temperature dependence of the longitudinal conductivity $σ_{xx}$ at integer filling factors $ν=i$ for Si/SiGe heterostructure in the quantum Hall effect regime. It is shown that for odd $i$, when the Fermi level $E_{F}$ is situated between the valley-split levels, $Δσ_{xx}$ is determined by quantum corrections to conductivity caused by the electron-electron interaction: $Δσ_{xx}(T)\sim \ln T$. For even $i$, when $E_{F}$ is located between cyclotron-split levels or spin-split levels, $σ_{xx}\sim \exp[-Δ_{i}/T]$ for $i=6,10,12$ and $\sim \exp [-(T_{0i}/T)]^{1/2}$ for $i=4,8$. For further decrease of $T$, all dependences $σ_{xx}(T)$ tend to almost temperature-independent residual conductivity $σ_{i}(0)$. A possible mechanism for $σ_{i}(0)$ is discussed.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures (included), accepted in Phys. Rev. B
Economic Analysis of Plant Species Utilized for Infant and Maternal Health Care (IMHC) in Ogun State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Idowu, S. D.
name: Adedokun, M. O.
name: Oluwalana, S. A.
name: Momoh, S.
name: Idowu, S. D.
name: Adedokun, M. O.
name: Oluwalana, S. A.
name: Momoh, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Plant species utilization
subject: Health care
subject: Profitability
subject: Ogun state
subject: Nigeria

description: Economic analysis of plant species utilized for Infant and Maternal Health Care (IMHC) in Ogun State was investigated. Multi-stage sampling procedure with three stages design was adopted for this study. Data were obtained with structured questionnaire administered to two categories of respondents; plant species collectors (30); plant species traders (70) giving a sample size of 100. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the mean age of categories of the respondents were 46 years and 44 years for plant species collectors and traders respectively. The two categories of respondent were literate. There were more men (93.3%) in collection activities while there are more women in the trading activities (62.86%). The sales of the plant species were profitable with an average net profit of N60,309.21 and N 58,571.09/month/respondent for plant species collectors and traders respectively. Household size and years of experience in the business significantly affect the net returns of the plants species collectors and traders at p<0.01 respectively. Improve on skill in entrepreneurship of trade in herbal sells has been suggested to promote and increase the income from the sales of the plant species.
Perspectivas, Revista de Historia, Geografía, Arte y Cultura Vol 9, No 17. Año 2021
Creators: name: ARAMBULO SANTIAGO, Elizabeth
name: LAREZ RUBIO, José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Historia, Geografía, Arte y Cultura

description: Perspectivas. Revista de Historia, Geografía, Arte y Cultura Vol 9, No 17 (2021) Perspectivas, Revista de Historia, Geografía, Arte y Cultura es el órgano de difusión de trabajos (científicos, artísticos y humanísticos), auspiciada por la Universidad Nacional Experimental Rafael María Baralt (UNERMB) y el Laboratorio de Estudios Latinoamericanos sobre el Pensamiento Crítico y Transformaciones Políticas (LESLA), abarca la HISTORIA (Historia General, Nacional, Regional, Local, Actual, Oral, Didáctica de la Historia y otras tendencias de la disciplina histórica), GEOGRAFÍA (Física, Humana, Social, Cultural, Local, Didáctica de la Geografía, así como otras corrientes de los saberes geográficos), ARTE (Bellas Artes, todo tipo de manifestaciones artísticas, museología, Arte Popular, entre otras) y CULTURA (Manifestaciones culturales, Tradiciones populares, Perspectivas sociológicas, antropológicas, económicas y psicológicas de los procesos culturales). Se publican investigaciones, ensayos, documentos y reseñas de libros y revistas.
Quarkonium from the Fifth Dimension
Creators: name: Hong, Sungho
name: Yoon, Sukjin
name: Strassler, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adding fundamental matter of mass m_Q to N=4 Yang Mills theory, we study quarkonium, and "generalized quarkonium" containing light adjoint particles. At large 't Hooft coupling the states of spin<=1 are anomalously light (Kruczenski et al., hep-th/0304032). We examine their form factors, and show these hadrons are unlike any known in QCD. By a traditional yardstick they appear infinite in size (as with strings in flat space) but we show that this is a failure of the yardstick. All of the hadrons are actually of finite size ~ \sqrt{g^2N}/m_Q, regardless of their radial excitation level and of how many valence adjoint particles they contain. Certain form factors for spin-1 quarkonia vanish in the large-g^2N limit; thus these hadrons resemble neither the observed J/Psi quarkonium states nor rho mesons.
description: 57 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Commercial 4-dimensional echocardiography for murine heart volumetric evaluation after myocardial infarction
Creators: name: Rutledge, Cody
name: Cater, George
name: McMahon, Brenda
name: Lanping Guo
name: Nouraie, Seyed Mehdi
name: Yijen Wu
name: Flordeliza Villanueva
name: Kaufman, Brett A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Linear Regression Analysis of 4-Week ECHO Modalities Compared to CMR. Linear regression with correlation coefficients evaluating volumetric measurements of 4D-US, 2D-US, and M-Mode at 4 weeks to CMR at 4 weeks.
The generalized Franchetta conjecture for some hyper-Kähler varieties, II
Creators: name: Fu, Lie
name: Laterveer, Robert
name: Vial, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C25, 14C15, 14J42, 14J28, 14F08, 14J70, 14D20, 14H10

description: We prove the generalized Franchetta conjecture for the locally complete family of hyper-Kähler eightfolds constructed by Lehn-Lehn-Sorger-van Straten (LLSS). As a corollary, we establish the Beauville-Voisin conjecture for very general LLSS eightfolds. The strategy consists in reducing to the Franchetta property for relative fourth powers of cubic fourfolds, by using the recent description of LLSS eightfolds as moduli spaces of semistable objects in the Kuznetsov component of the derived category of cubic fourfolds, together with its generalization to the relative setting due to Bayer-Lahoz-Macrì-Nuer-Perry-Stellari. As a by-product, we compute the Chow motive of the Fano variety of lines on a smooth cubic hypersurface in terms of the Chow motive of the cubic hypersurface.
description: 27 pages; improved version thanks to referees' comments
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with short birth interval in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Creators: name: Pimentel, Juan
name: Umaira Ansari
name: Omer, Khalid
name: Yagana Gidado
name: Muhd Chadi Baba
name: Andersson, Neil
name: Cockcroft, Anne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist. Filled PRISMA checklist showing 27 items and the page reporting each item.
Determinants of the Factors Affecting Willingness to Pay for Improved Sanitation among Rural Households in Oyo State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Dare, A. M.
name: Ayinde, I. A.
name: Shittu, A. M.
name: Akerele, D.
name: Sam-Wobo, S. O.
name: Dare, A. M.
name: Ayinde, I. A.
name: Shittu, A. M.
name: Akerele, D.
name: Sam-Wobo, S. O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Sanitation
subject: Willingness to pay (WTP)
subject: Tobit model
subject: Household
subject: Toilet
subject: Waste disposal

description: Improved sanitation is one of the core development indicators in the world. Households in sub-Saharan Africa lack improved sanitation. This study examined factors influencing rural households' willingness to pay (WTP) for improved sanitation (in terms of access to toilet and waste disposal) in Oyo State, Nigeria. Primary data was obtained from 268 rural households selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Descriptive statistics and Tobit regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results revealed that 92.5% of the respondents made use of unimproved toilet. The mean WTP per household per month for improved public toilet services was N658.80k. The factors that significantly influenced WTP for improved toilet services were respondents’ age (p<0.01), Gender (p<0.01), household size (p<0.01), income (p<0.05), distance to toilet (p<0.01) and use of covered latrine (p<0.05). The study inferred that respondents made use of unimproved sanitation sources. The study recommended that government and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) should prioritize provision of improved sanitation services close to respondent’s locations at an affordable price.
Critical View to "The IGEX neutrinoless double beta decay experiment...." published in Phys. Rev. D, Volume 65 (2002) 092007
Creators: name: Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H. V.
name: Dietz, A.
name: Krivosheina, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a paper entitled ``The Igex 76Ge Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Experiment: Prospects for Next Generation Experiments'' has been published in Phys. Rev. D 65 (2002) 092007. In view of the recently reported evidence for neutrinoless double beta decay (KK-Evid01,KK02-Found,KK02-PN) it is particularly unfortunate that the IGEX paper is rather incomplete in its presentation. We would like to point out in this Comment that and why it would be highly desirable to make more details about the experimental conditions and the analysis of IGEX available. We list some of the main points, which require further explanation. We also point to an arithmetic mistake in the analysis of the IGEX data, the consequence of which are too high half life limits given in that paper.
description: latex, 1 table, to be publ. in Phys. Rev. D
Using color photometry to separate transiting exoplanets from false positives
Creators: name: Tingley, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial velocity technique is currently used to classify transiting objects. While capable of identifying grazing binary eclipses, this technique cannot reliably identify blends, a chance overlap of a faint background eclipsing binary with an ordinary foreground star. Blends generally have no observable radial velocity shifts, as the foreground star is brighter by several magnitudes and therefore dominates the spectrum, but their combined light can produce events that closely resemble those produced by transiting exoplanets. The radial velocity technique takes advantage of the mass difference between planets and stars to classify exoplanet candidates. However, the existence of blends renders this difference an unreliable discriminator. Another difference must therefore be utilized for this classification -- the physical size of the transiting body. Due to the dependence of limb darkening on color, planets and stars produce subtly different transit shapes. These differences can be relatively weak, little more than 1/10th the transit depth. However, the presence of even small color differences between the individual components of the blend increases this difference. This paper will show that this color difference is capable of discriminating between exoplanets and blends reliably, theoretically capable of classifying even terrestrial-class transits, unlike the radial velocity technique.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by A&A
VII Seminario Nacional de Policía Científica: Las Ciencias Forenses del Siglo XXI.
Creators: name: Accorinti, Juan Pablo
name: Otero, Nehuen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Las ciencias forenses del Siglo XXI - Actualización tecnológica, procedimental y teórica como motores de movilización hacia el nuevo paradigma. En el mes de noviembre de 2023, tuvimos la oportunidad y el privilegio, junto a Nehuen Otero, de participar en el VII Seminario Nacional de Policía Científica organizado por el Ministerio de Seguridad de la República Argentina en el Instituto Universitario de la Policía Federal Argentina (IUPFA). Durante el encuentro planteamos nuestra visión sobre la necesidad de actualización tecnológica, procedimental y teórica para poder brindar a la Justicia, resultados fiables en el marco del cambio paradigmático que sufrieron las Ciencias Forenses, fundamentalmente a partir de los informes de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias (NAS) y del Consejo de Asesores Presidenciales en Ciencia y Tecnología (PCAST) de los Estados Unidos.
Symplectes mentalis Hartlaub
Creators: name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Ploceidae
Symplectes
Symplectes mentalis

description: Symplectes mentalis Hartlaub
Symplectes mentalis Hartlaub, 1891b: 314 (Buguéra).
Now Ploceus bicolor mentalis (Hartlaub, 1891). See Hartert, 1907a: 503; 1919: 139; Chapin, 1954: 373–374; Moreau and Greenway, 1962: 54; Dickinson, 2003: 723; Fry and Keith, 2004: 183–186; and Craig, 2010: 181–182.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 722773, adult male, collected at Bogoro (= Buguéra), 01.24N, 30.15E (Chapin, 1954a), eastern Ituri district, Congo (Kinshasa), on 23 March 1889, by Emin Pasha (no. 1). From the Rothschild Collection.
COMMENTS: Hartlaub apparently had a single specimen; the measurements he published are those written by Emin on his field label.
description: Published as part of Lecroy, Mary, 2014, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae, pp. 1-165 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 (393) on page 25, DOI: 10.1206/885.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4629954
Emergent Planck mass and dark energy from affine gravity
Creators: name: Kharuk, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel model of affine gravity, which implements the no-scale scenario. Namely, Planck mass and Hubble constant emerge dynamically, through the mechanism of spontaneous breaking of scale-invariance. Moreover, in our model the time direction and non--degenerate metric emerge dynamically as well. This naturally gives rise to the inflation and may server as a starting point for the "birth" of the Universe. We show that our model is phenomenologically viable, both from the perspective of the direct tests of gravity and cosmological evolution.
Comparative Analysis of the Profitability of Maize and Sorghum Based Cropping Enterprises in Nigeria State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Yisa, E. S.
name: Nmadu, J. N.
name: Tanko, L.
name: Tsado, E. K.
name: Yisa, E. S.
name: Nmadu, J. N.
name: Tanko, L.
name: Tsado, E. K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Profitability
subject: Maize and sorghum
subject: Niger state
subject: Nigeria

description: This study examined the profitability of maize and sorghum based cropping enterprises in Niger State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed for selecting the respondents and data were collected using structured questionnaires from a total of 360 maize and sorghum- based farming household heads in 9 Local Government Areas across the three agricultural zones of the state. The specific objectives were to estimate the costs and returns of maize and sorghum production under sole and intercropping systems and compare the profitability of these enterprises across the agricultural zones of the State. Descriptive statistics and farm budgeting technique were used to analyze the data collected. The profitability analysis indicate that returns from sole maize cropping enterprise is the lowest but combinations of maize with other crops tends to yield higher returns. Across the State, N1.35, N1.58 and N1.31 was realized for every N1.00 invested in production of maize/sorghum cropping enterprises by farmers in Zone I, Zone II and Zone III of Niger State agricultural zones respectively. The net farm income/ha was N36,735.44 with an average gross margin/ha of N38,378.41 was realized by the maize/sorghum based farmers. The gross ratio of 0.44 and the operating ratio of 0.40 are indicators that maize/sorghum based cropping enterprises was profitable. The study recommended that farmers should be enlightened on the higher returns to investment and profitability of cultivating maize in combination and with other crops instead of sorghum combinations. Appropriate production technologies that reduce labour cost in maize and sorghum production should be adopted by farmers to enhance farmers’ incomes and livelihoods.
Synaptic Integration of Spatiotemporal Features with a Dynamic Neuromorphic Processor
Creators: name: Nilsson, Mattias
name: Liwicki, Foteini
name: Sandin, Fredrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Spiking neurons can perform spatiotemporal feature detection by nonlinear synaptic and dendritic integration of presynaptic spike patterns. Multicompartment models of non-linear dendrites and related neuromorphic circuit designs enable faithful imitation of such dynamic integration processes, but these approaches are also associated with a relatively high computing cost or circuit size. Here, we investigate synaptic integration of spatiotemporal spike patterns with multiple dynamic synapses on point-neurons in the DYNAP-SE neuromorphic processor, which offers a complementary resource-efficient, albeit less flexible, approach to feature detection. We investigate how previously proposed excitatory--inhibitory pairs of dynamic synapses can be combined to integrate multiple inputs, and we generalize that concept to a case in which one inhibitory synapse is combined with multiple excitatory synapses. We characterize the resulting delayed excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) by measuring and analyzing the membrane potentials of the neuromorphic neuronal circuits. We find that biologically relevant EPSP delays, with variability of order 10 milliseconds per neuron, can be realized in the proposed manner by selecting different synapse combinations, thanks to device mismatch. Based on these results, we demonstrate that a single point-neuron with dynamic synapses in the DYNAP-SE can respond selectively to presynaptic spikes with a particular spatiotemporal structure, which enables, for instance, visual feature tuning of single neurons.
description: Copyright 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
title: The Relevance of Mycorrhizal Research to Conservation and Development Strategies in Semi-Arid Environments
Creators: name: Pease, Arnold Paul
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: Semi-arid regions have traditionally supported substantial human populations but have seen their integrity and productivity seriously compromised by over-exploitation when population growth has coincided with extended droughts. Symbiotic relationships between plants and soil microorganisms are particularly important in nutrient-poor, drought-stressed environments, but are undermined when drastic reduction in plant cover exposes fragile soils to erosion or crusting, leading to desertification. In such conditions, revegetation may fail unless plants and microsymbionts are restored together. A century of mycorrhizal research has begun to shed light on some of the key organisms and processes operating in undisturbed soils, but knowledge is still extremely sketchy. Little is known of the factors determining the distribution of particular fungal species, though some cope with disturbance better than others, and consequently the fimgal species composition tends to change when land is cultivated. Undisturbed natural vegetation, particularly the rhizospheres of healthy trees, is likely to contain propagules of a mixture of effective AM species, together with a range of other soil microorganisms which may also have important symbiotic roles, and thus be a good local source of inoculum for tree nurseries. Munro et al (1999) advocate an inoculation strategy based on this insight. Their procedure could be implemented in village tree nurseries, and this is strongly recommended. Savanna-type ecosystems are resilient in the face of drought. Agroforestry mimics these natural ecosystems, and is popular as a way of protecting and improving the productivity of semi-arid land. A range of suitable species is profiled, but the main criterion should be local interest and demand. Researchers in Senegal identified two AMF species associated with Faidherbia albida at a depth of 34 m. Deep-rooting trees are key elements in dryland ecology, and experimental investigation of the possible role of Glomus fasciculatum and Gigaspora margarita as inoculum for tree seedlings is suggested.
Low-Mass Relics of Early Star Formation
Creators: name: Schneider, R.
name: Ferrara, A.
name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Omukai, K.
name: Bromm, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The earliest stars to form in the Universe were the first sources of light, heat and metals after the Big Bang. The products of their evolution will have had a profound impact on subsequent generations of stars. Recent studies of primordial star formation have shown that, in the absence of metals (elements heavier than helium), the formation of stars with masses 100 times that of the Sun would have been strongly favoured, and that low-mass stars could not have formed before a minimum level of metal enrichment had been reached. The value of this minimum level is very uncertain, but is likely to be between 10^{-6} and 10^{-4} that of the Sun. Here we show that the recent discovery of the most iron-poor star known indicates the presence of dust in extremely low-metallicity gas, and that this dust is crucial for the formation of lower-mass second-generation stars that could survive until today. The dust provides a pathway for cooling the gas that leads to fragmentation of the precursor molecular cloud into smaller clumps, which become the lower-mass stars.
description: Offprint of Nature 422 (2003), 869-871 (issue 24 April 2003)
Factors Influencing Farmers' Choice of Agricultural Insurance on Arable Crop Production in Kwara State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Ajiboye, B. O.
name: Adeyonu, A. G.
name: Faseyi, S. A.
name: Isitor, S. U.
name: Ajiboye, B. O.
name: Adeyonu, A. G.
name: Faseyi, S. A.
name: Isitor, S. U.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Production Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Arable crop
subject: Insurance
subject: Risk management
subject: Choice
subject: Logit model

description: Despite the long history of agricultural insurance in Nigeria, crop insurance is yet to be generally embraced or accepted by farmers. This study investigates the factors that influence the choice of agricultural insurance especially by arable crop farmers. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select a sample size of 154 farmers in the study area. Descriptive statistics was used to examine the array of agricultural crop insurance taken by farmers; their socio-economic characteristics and their risk management options. A logit regression model was used to examine the factors influencing farmers’ choice of crop insurance. The findings reveal that most of the farmers (35.3%) were between 45 and 54 years old with at least primary education. Most of them small scale farmers (1-5 hectares) and are highly experienced. Also, most of the farmers (64.9%) were influenced by the financial institutions (Bank of Agriculture (BoA)) compelling them to acquire insurance policy as a precondition for obtaining loans or as a practical response to some risks which they were faced with in the immediate preceding season. Drought, diseases and pest insurance policy were seen to be more subscribed for by arable crop farmers in the study area, while most of them had high risk management options apart from the insurance policy. The logit regression results show that educational level, farm size and accessibility to credit facility were very crucial to the decision by farmers to acquire insurance policy. Other factors include: yield in previous year, and type of damages experienced in the preceding cropping season were found to be significant variables.
Additional file 1 of Impact of blunt chest trauma on outcome after traumatic brain injury– a matched-pair analysis of the TraumaRegister DGU®
Creators: name: Schieren, Mark
name: Wappler, Frank
name: Wafaisade, Arasch
name: Lefering, Rolf
name: Sakka, Samir G.
name: Kaufmann, Jost
name: Hi-Jae Heiroth
name: Defosse, Jerome
name: Böhmer, Andreas B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Laboratory results at the time of hospital admission of the matched study groups (n = 10,828 patients).
A Growth Model for Multicellular Tumor Spheroids
Creators: name: Delsanto, Pier Paolo
name: Guiot, Caterina
name: Degiorgis, Piero Giorgio
name: Condat, Carlos A.
name: Mansury, Yuri
name: Deisboeck, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Biology (q-bio)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Most organisms grow according to simple laws, which in principle can be derived from energy conservation and scaling arguments, critically dependent on the relation between the metabolic rate B of energy flow and the organism mass m. Although this relation is generally recognized to be of the form B(m) = mp, the specific value of the exponent p is the object of an ongoing debate, with many mechanisms being postulated to support different predictions. We propose that multicellular tumor spheroids provide an ideal experimental model system for testing these allometric growth theories, especially under controlled conditions of malnourishment and applied mechanical stress.
Systematic reviews of machine learning in healthcare: a literature review
Creators: name: Kolasa, Katarzyna
name: Admassu, Bisrat
name: Hołownia-Voloskova, Malwina
name: Kędzior, Katarzyna J
name: Poirrier, Jean-Etienne
name: Perni, Stefano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: The increasing availability of data and computing power has made machine learning (ML) a viable approach to faster, more efficient healthcare delivery. A systematic literature review (SLR) of published SLRs evaluating ML applications in healthcare settings published between1 January 2010 and 27 March 2023 was conducted. In total 220 SLRs covering 10,462 ML algorithms were reviewed. The main application of AI in medicine related to the clinical prediction and disease prognosis in oncology and neurology with the use of imaging data. Accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were provided in 56%, 28%, and 25% SLRs respectively. Internal and external validation was reported in 53% and less than 1% of the cases respectively. The most common modeling approach was neural networks (2,454 ML algorithms), followed by support vector machine and random forest/decision trees (1,578 and 1,522 ML algorithms, respectively). The review indicated considerable reporting gaps in terms of the ML’s performance, both internal and external validation. Greater accessibility to healthcare data for developers can ensure the faster adoption of ML algorithms into clinical practice.
Greedy Quasi-Newton Methods with Explicit Superlinear Convergence
Creators: name: Rodomanov, Anton
name: Nesterov, Yurii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we study greedy variants of quasi-Newton methods. They are based on the updating formulas from a certain subclass of the Broyden family. In particular, this subclass includes the well-known DFP, BFGS and SR1 updates. However, in contrast to the classical quasi-Newton methods, which use the difference of successive iterates for updating the Hessian approximations, our methods apply basis vectors, greedily selected so as to maximize a certain measure of progress. For greedy quasi-Newton methods, we establish an explicit non-asymptotic bound on their rate of local superlinear convergence, which contains a contraction factor, depending on the square of the iteration counter. We also show that these methods produce Hessian approximations whose deviation from the exact Hessians linearly convergences to zero.
Fair Principal Component Analysis and Filter Design
Creators: name: Zalcberg, Gad
name: Wiesel, Ami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider Fair Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) and search for a low dimensional subspace that spans multiple target vectors in a fair manner. FPCA is defined as a non-concave maximization of the worst projected target norm within a given set. The problem arises in filter design in signal processing, and when incorporating fairness into dimensionality reduction schemes. The state of the art approach to FPCA is via semidefinite relaxation and involves a polynomial yet computationally expensive optimization. To allow scalability, we propose to address FPCA using naive sub-gradient descent. We analyze the landscape of the underlying optimization in the case of orthogonal targets. We prove that the landscape is benign and that all local minima are globally optimal. Interestingly, the SDR approach leads to sub-optimal solutions in this simple case. Finally, we discuss the equivalence between orthogonal FPCA and the design of normalized tight frames.
The Ultraluminous X-ray Source NGC 1313 X-2 (MS 0317.7-6647) and its Environment
Creators: name: Zampieri, L.
name: Mucciarelli, P.
name: Falomo, R.
name: Kaaret, P.
name: Di Stefano, R.
name: Turolla, R.
name: Chieregato, M.
name: Treves, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new optical and {\it Chandra} observations of the field containing the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2. On an ESO 3.6 m image, the {\it Chandra} error box embraces a $R=21.6$ point-like object and excludes a previously proposed optical counterpart. The resulting X-ray/optical flux ratio of NGC 1313 X-2 is $\sim 500$. The value of $f_X/f_{opt}$, the X-ray variability history and the spectral distribution derived from a re-analysis of the {\it ROSAT}, {\it ASCA} and {\it XMM} data indicate a luminous X-ray binary in NGC 1313 as a likely explanation for NGC 1313 X-2. If the X-ray soft component observed in the {\it XMM} EPIC spectrum originates from an accretion disk, the inferred mass of the compact remnant is $\approx 100 M_\odot$, making it an intermediate mass black hole. The derived optical luminosity ($L\approx 10^5 L_\odot$) is consistent with that of a $\approx 15-20 M_\odot$ companion. The properties of the environment of NGC 1313 X-2 are briefly discussed.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
title: Dealkylation of HMPA and DMPU
Creators: name: Barclay, Austin
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2002

description: Cytochrome P450 metabolises N,N-dialkylamides to their corresponding N-dealkylated products via the formation of an N-hydroxyalkyl-N-alkylamide intermediate. Studies by Iley et. al. have shown that the oxidative dealkylation of these amides occurs via hydrogen abstraction from the alkyl carbon atom a- to the amide nitrogen. This leads to the formation of a carbon-centred radical; it is believed that this radical is the cause of toxicity for these amides. The amide solvents, HMPA and DMPU have similar functional groups. Because of this similarity it is believed that HMPA and DMPU may undergo an analogous metabolic pathway to that of previously studied amide solvents.
Interestingly HMPA is toxic whereas DMPU is not. Investigation into why this is the case would be of use in designing other non-toxic solvents. This model study has shown that methyl group oxidation in HMPA is subject to a deuterium isotope effect of -10. This would imply that H-atom abstraction occurs with the formation of a highly reactive C-centred radical. A deuterium isotope effect was not attempted for DMPU, but product analysis showed single oxidation of the ring to form 4-hydroxyl, 3-dimethyltetrahydropyrimidin-2-one and subsequent oxidation to afford 1,3 dimethyl-5,6-dihydropyrimidine-2,4-dione.
Cost Efficiency of Sorghum/Cowpea Intercropping System in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Creators: name: Jirgi, A. J.
name: Nmadu, J. N.
name: Jordaan, H.
name: Gróve, B.
name: Viljoen, M. F.
name: Jirgi, A. J.
name: Nmadu, J. N.
name: Jordaan, H.
name: Gróve, B.
name: Viljoen, M. F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Cost efficiency
subject: Sorghum/Cowpea intercrop
subject: OLS
subject: DEA
subject: Nigeria

description: Cost efficiency is a state of optimal allocation of factors of production in which any other allocation will result to higher cost. In that case, the selection of farm inputs at minimum cost will help to reduce production cost and hence improve profitability of the farmers This research investigated the optimal allocation of factors of production by sorghum/cowpea intercrop farmers in Kebbi State Nigeria, with the aim of generating reliable information on their determinants. The technique applied in order to achieve the objectives of the study were the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. The data were obtained mainly from primary sources through a questionnaire survey of 256 monocroppers and intercroppers. Seventy-three sorghum/cowpea intercroppers were used for the cost efficiency analysis. The results show that the average cost efficiency of the sorghum/cowpea farmers in the study area was 0.52 indicating that the farmers were relatively cost inefficient. The result further indicated that years of farming experience and age of the farmer positively affected cost efficiency while access to credit and land fragmentation were found to decrease cost efficiency. Reduction in production cost through accessing support services such as subsidies on farm inputs, provision of credit, extension services and trainings on good agricultural practices by Government agricultural related and non-governmental agencies will also help farmers to apply the recommended farm inputs, which is also likely to influence cost efficiency positively. Farmers should also be sensitized on the benefits of having contiguous farms. This will lead to increase in the benefits from improving cost efficiency of the farmers in Kebbi State.