cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pseudoelastic deformation in Mo-based refractory multi-principal element alloys
Creators: name: Sharma, Aayush
name: Singh, Prashant
name: Kirk, Tanner
name: Levitas, Velary I.
name: Liaw, Peter K.
name: Balasubramanian, Ganesh
name: Arroyave, Raymundo
name: Johnson, Duane D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase diagrams supported by density functional theory methods can be crucial for designing high-entropy alloys that are subset of multi-principal$-$element alloys. We present phase and property analysis of quinary (MoW)$_{x}$Zr$_{y}$(TaTi)$_{1-x-y}$ refractory high-entropy alloys from combined Calculation of Phase Diagram (CALPHAD) and density-functional theory results, supplemented by molecular dynamics simulations. Both CALPHAD and density-functional theory analysis of phase stability indicates a Mo-W-rich region of this quinary has a stable single-phase body-centered-cubic structure. We report first quinary composition from Mo$-$W$-$Ta$-$Ti$-$Zr family of alloy with pseudo-elastic behavior, i.e., hysteresis in stress$-$strain. Our analysis shows that only Mo$-$W$-$rich compositions of Mo$-$W$-$Ta$-$Ti$-$Zr, i.e., Mo$+$W$\ge$ 85 at.%, show reproducible hysteresis in stress-strain responsible for pseudo-elastic behavior. The (MoW)$_{85}$Zr$_{7.5}$(TaTi)$_{7.5}$ was down-selected based on temperature-dependent phase diagram analysis and molecular dynamics simulations predicted elastic behavior that reveals twinning assisted pseudoelastic behavior. While mostly unexplored in body-centered-cubic crystals, twinning is a fundamental deformation mechanism that competes against dislocation slip in crystalline solids. This alloy shows identical cyclic deformation characteristics during uniaxial $\lt$100$\gt$ loading, i.e., the pseudoelasticity is isotropic in loading direction. Additionally, a temperature increase from 77 to 1500 K enhances the elastic strain recovery in load-unload cycles, offering possibly control to tune the pseudoelastic behavior.
description: 29 pages, 13 Figures (9 main figures, 4 supplement figures)
Adversarial Parameter Defense by Multi-Step Risk Minimization
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhiyuan
name: Luo, Ruixuan
name: Ren, Xuancheng
name: Su, Qi
name: Li, Liangyou
name: Sun, Xu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous studies demonstrate DNNs' vulnerability to adversarial examples and adversarial training can establish a defense to adversarial examples. In addition, recent studies show that deep neural networks also exhibit vulnerability to parameter corruptions. The vulnerability of model parameters is of crucial value to the study of model robustness and generalization. In this work, we introduce the concept of parameter corruption and propose to leverage the loss change indicators for measuring the flatness of the loss basin and the parameter robustness of neural network parameters. On such basis, we analyze parameter corruptions and propose the multi-step adversarial corruption algorithm. To enhance neural networks, we propose the adversarial parameter defense algorithm that minimizes the average risk of multiple adversarial parameter corruptions. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve both the parameter robustness and accuracy of neural networks.
description: Accepted to Neural Networks. A substantial journal extension of our previous conference paper arXiv:2006.05620
O'ZLASHMA SO'ZLARNING EKSTRALINGVISTIK VA INTRALINGVISTIK XUSUSIYATLARI
Creators: name: Abduraxmanova, Nigora
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ma’lumki, o‘zlashma so‘zlar ko‘p hollarda o‘zga til sohiblarining turmush tarzidan kelib chiqadigan milliy-madaniy xususiyatlarini ifodalaydi. Shundan kelib chiqqan holda o‘zlashma so‘zlar ikki: tilga oid bo‘lmagan, tildan tashqari yoki ijtimoiy sabablardan kelib chiqadigan ekstralingvistik shuningdek, tilga oid introlingvistik xususiyati guruhlarga ajratiladi. Bunday bo‘linish shartli bo‘lib, har bir alohida holatda o‘zlashtirish asosan bitta sabab bilan emas, balki ba’zi hollarda ulardan bittasi hal qiluvchi bo‘lsa ham ekstralingvistik va intralingvistik sabablarning butun majmuasi bilan izohlanadi.
Modeling the effects of environmental and perceptual uncertainty using deterministic reinforcement learning dynamics with partial observability
Creators: name: Barfuss, Wolfram
name: Mann, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Assessing the systemic effects of uncertainty that arises from agents' partial observation of the true states of the world is critical for understanding a wide range of scenarios. Yet, previous modeling work on agent learning and decision-making either lacks a systematic way to describe this source of uncertainty or puts the focus on obtaining optimal policies using complex models of the world that would impose an unrealistically high cognitive demand on real agents. In this work we aim to efficiently describe the emergent behavior of biologically plausible and parsimonious learning agents faced with partially observable worlds. Therefore we derive and present deterministic reinforcement learning dynamics where the agents observe the true state of the environment only partially. We showcase the broad applicability of our dynamics across different classes of partially observable agent-environment systems. We find that partial observability creates unintuitive benefits in a number of specific contexts, pointing the way to further research on a general understanding of such effects. For instance, partially observant agents can learn better outcomes faster, in a more stable way and even overcome social dilemmas. Furthermore, our method allows the application of dynamical systems theory to partially observable multiagent leaning. In this regard we find the emergence of catastrophic limit cycles, a critical slowing down of the learning processes between reward regimes and the separation of the learning dynamics into fast and slow directions, all caused by partial observability. Therefore, the presented dynamics have the potential to become a formal, yet practical, lightweight and robust tool for researchers in biology, social science and machine learning to systematically investigate the effects of interacting partially observant agents.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Skyphos proto-corinthien
Skyphos protocorinthien
Creators: name: SAM
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2016

description: Provenance: Egine, Museum
description: date: 670
СЕРДЦЕ ОТДАЮ ЛЮДЯМ
Creators: name: Краснопольский Андрей Иванович
Publisher: name: Выдающиеся деятели науки и образования. Нижегородские имена
Year: 2019
Subjects: Б.А. Королёв
кардиохирургия
Городская клиническая больница № 5
Горьковский государственный мединститут.

description: Цель данного исследования – раскрыть роль Б.А. Королёва в развитии кардиохирургии, создании но-ваторских методик операций на сердце; показать научно-практическую деятельность Б.А. Королёва как хирурга и учёного, его выдающийся вклад в отечественную медицину.
КАК ЗАРОЖДАЛАСЬ «БУРЖУАЗНАЯ ЛЖЕНАУКА КИБЕРНЕТИКА» В Г. ГОРЬКОМ
Creators: name: Панкрашкина Наталья Георгиевна
name: Калинин Андрей Иванович
Publisher: name: Выдающиеся деятели науки и образования. Нижегородские имена
Year: 2019
Subjects: Ю.И. Неймарк
кибернетика
ГГУ
вычислительная математика

description: Цель данного исследования – раскрыть становление и развитие кибернетики и вычислительной ма-тематики в Горьковском университете и вклад профессора Ю.И. Неймарка в организацию научных иссле-дований и создание научной школы в области кибернетики. В статье показаны особенности становления кибернетики в условиях идеологического давления.
Investigating and Modeling the Dynamics of Long Ties
Creators: name: Lyu, Ding
name: Yuan, Yuan
name: Wang, Lin
name: Wang, Xiaofan
name: Pentland, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.4
subject: 05C85, 62P25, 91B16

description: Long ties, the social ties that bridge different communities, are widely believed to play crucial roles in spreading novel information in social networks. However, some existing network theories and prediction models indicate that long ties might dissolve quickly or eventually become redundant, thus putting into question the long-term value of long ties. Our empirical analysis of real-world dynamic networks shows that contrary to such reasoning, long ties are more likely to persist than other social ties, and that many of them constantly function as social bridges without being embedded in local networks. Using a novel cost-benefit analysis model combined with machine learning, we show that long ties are highly beneficial, which instinctively motivates people to expend extra effort to maintain them. This partly explains why long ties are more persistent than what has been suggested by many existing theories and models. Overall, our study suggests the need for social interventions that can promote the formation of long ties, such as mixing people with diverse backgrounds.
description: Forthcoming at Communications Physics (Nature portfolio)
НОВЫЕ ГОРИЗОНТЫ ХИМИЧЕСКОГО АНАЛИЗА
Creators: name: Калинин Андрей Иванович
Publisher: name: Выдающиеся деятели науки и образования. Нижегородские имена
Year: 2019
Subjects: И.М. Коренман
развитие химической науки
развитие химического образования
аналитическая химия
химический микроанализ
история ННГУ.

description: Цель данного исследования – показать роль И.М. Коренмана в становлении и развитии аналитической химии и химического образования в СССР, раскрыть основные направления его научной деятельности и значения его научной школы
Statistical strong lensing. III. Inferences with complete samples of lenses
Creators: name: Sonnenfeld, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Existing samples of strong lenses have been assembled by giving priority to sample size, at the cost of having a complex selection function. With the advent of the next generation of wide-field photometric surveys, however, it might become possible to identify subsets of the lens population with well-defined selection criteria, trading sample size for completeness. Aims. There are two main advantages of working with a complete sample of lenses. First, it is possible to recover the properties of the general population of galaxies, of which strong lenses are a biased subset. Second, the relative number of lenses and non-detections can be used to further constrain models of galaxy structure. This work illustrates how to carry out a statistical strong lensing analysis that takes advantage of these features. Methods. I introduced a general formalism for the statistical analysis of a sample of strong lenses with known selection function, then tested it on simulated data. The simulation consists of a population of $10^5$ galaxies with an axisymmetric power-law density profile, a population of background point sources, and a subset of $\sim10^3$ strong lenses, complete above an observational cut. Mandatory. The method allows to recover the distribution in Einstein radius and mass density slope of the galaxy population in an unbiased way. The number of non-lenses helps to constrain the model when magnification data are not available. Conclusions. Complete samples of lenses are a powerful asset to turn precise strong lensing measurements into accurate statements on the properties of the general galaxy population.
description: Published on Astronomy & Astrophysics. A 2-minute summary video is available at https://youtu.be/f6PziIr9USE
Psychological Safety in Agile Software Development Teams: Work Design Antecedents and Performance Consequences
Creators: name: Buvik, Marte Pettersen
name: Tkalich, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Psychological safety has been postulated as a key factor for the success of agile software development teams, yet there is a lack of empirical studies investigating the role of psychological safety in this context. The present study examines how work design characteristics of software development teams (autonomy, task interdependence, and role clarity) influence psychological safety and, further, how psychological safety impacts team performance, either directly or indirectly through team reflexivity. We test our model using survey data from 236 team members in 43 software development teams in Norway. Our results show that autonomy boosts psychological safety in software teams, and that psychological safety again has a positive effect on team reflexivity and a direct effect on team performance.
ФИЗИКА И ПОЛИТИКА В ЕГО СУДЬБЕ (16 НИЖЕГОРОДСКИХ ЛЕТ ИЗ ЖИЗНИ ВЫДАЮЩЕГОСЯ УЧЁНОГО)
Creators: name: Берельковская Ольга Ильинична
name: Берельковский Илья Владимирович
Publisher: name: Выдающиеся деятели науки и образования. Нижегородские имена
Year: 2019
Subjects: В.Л. Гинзбург
космополитизм
атомный проект
Арзамас-16
ФИАН.
V.L. Ginzburg
cosmopolitanism
nuclear project
Arzamas-16
LPI RAS

description: Цель данного исследования – показать взаимосвязь науки и политики, влияние партийных и советских органов на научную деятельность и судьбу учёного; рассмотреть основные направления исследований в области теоретической физики, которыми занимался учёный, его вклад в создание и разработку ядерного щита страны, термоядерного оружия, в теорию сверхпроводимости и сверхтекучести.
description: The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between science and politics, the influence of the party and Soviet authorities on the research and fate of the scientist; to consider the main directions of research in the field of theoretical physics, in which he is engaged in the study and his contribution to the study of issues related to thermonuclear weapons as well as the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity.
ОДИН ИЗ СОЗДАТЕЛЕЙ ЯДЕРНОГО ЩИТА СТРАНЫ
Creators: name: Калинин Андрей Иванович
Publisher: name: Выдающиеся деятели науки и образования. Нижегородские имена
Year: 2019
Subjects: Я.Б. Зельдович
атомный проект
ядерный центр
водородная бомба
Арзамас-16.

description: Цель данного исследования – показать роль академика Я.Б. Зельдовича в организации и создании научного ядерного центра, его вклад в разработку атомного проекта и термоядерного оружия, показать вы-дающееся значение его работ в отечественной ядерной физики и физикохимии.
การศึกษาความผิดแผกของยีน Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) จากประสบการณ์การให้บริการทางห้องปฏิบัติการโรงพยาบาลศิริราช 18 ปี
Creators: name: กชปิญชร จันทร์สิงห์
name: ปรียนันท์ ศิระประภาภัสส์
name: เจษฎา บัวบุญนำ
Publisher: name: Mahidol University
Year: 2024
Subjects: ยีน Thiopurine methyltransferase
ยากลุ่ม Thiopurine
เทคนิค AS-PCR
เทคนิค PCR-RFLP

description: Mahidol R2R e-Journal, 11, 1, 78-90
Additional file 1 of Cycling and activated CD8+ T lymphocytes and their association with disease severity in influenza patients
Creators: name: Liu, Shuai
name: Huang, Zhisheng
name: Fan, Ruyue
name: Jia, Ju
name: Deng, Xiaoyan
name: Zou, Xiaohui
name: Li, Hui
name: Cao, Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Fig S1. Study design overview and representative FACS plots.
title: Transkulturelle Kompetenz und Selbstempathie
title: Transcultural Competence and Self-Empathy: Proposal for a model of transcultural competence considering self-em-pathy following the concept of Nonviolent Communication
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Vorschlag für ein Modell transkultureller Kompetenz unter Berücksichtigung von Selbstempathie nach dem Prinzip der Gewaltfreien Kommunikation
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ortloff, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Medien- und Informationszentrum, Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Interkulturalität
subject: Selbstliebe
subject: Kulturelle Kompetenz
classificationCode: 300
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: The present bachelor thesis gives an insight into the concept of transculturation by Wolfgang Welsch. Given Welsch's findings, a model of transcultural competence is developed and proposed which largely is based on the 3-pillar-model of transcultural competence by Dagmar Domenig and the model of competencies for the Global Development Education by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. Three pillars form the new model proposed here, namely knowledge of corroboration (cognition), self-reflection (rate) and empathy (action). Based on the action-oriented communication model of Nonviolent Communication by Marshall B. Rosenberg, the importance of self-empathy is shown in relation to the three mentioned pillars. The aim of this work is - in addition to developing a competence model - to discuss how self-empathy is a necessary condition for promoting transcultural competence.
description: Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit gibt einen Einblick in das Konzept der Transkulturalität nach Wolfgang Welsch. Angesichts der Erkenntnisse Welschs wird ein Modell für transkulturelle Kompetenz entwickelt und vorgeschlagen, welches sich maßgeblich an dem 3-Säulen-Modell transkultureller Kompetenz nach Dagmar Domenig sowie dem Kompetenzmodell für den Lernbereich Globale Entwicklung des Bundesministeriums für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ) orientiert. Orientierungswissen (Erkennen), Selbstreflexion (Bewerten) und Empathie (Handeln) bilden die drei Säulen des hier neu vorgeschlagenen Konzeptes. Ausgehend von dem handlungs-orientierten Kommunikationsprinzip der Gewaltfreien Kommunikation nach Marshall B. Rosenberg soll die Bedeutung der Selbstempathie in Bezug auf die drei genannten Säulen dargestellt werden. Ziel der Arbeit ist es daher - neben der Entwicklung des Kompetenzmodells - zu diskutieren, inwiefern Selbstempathie notwendige Voraussetzung für die Förderung transkultureller Kompetenz ist.
The SNIa Runaway LP 398-9: Detection of Circumstellar Material and Surface Rotation
Creators: name: Chandra, Vedant
name: Hwang, Hsiang-Chih
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Blouin, Simon
name: Swan, Andrew
name: Marsh, Thomas R.
name: Shen, Ken J.
name: Gänsicke, Boris T.
name: Hermes, J. J.
name: Putterman, Odelia
name: Bauer, Evan B.
name: Petrosky, Evan
name: Dhillon, Vikram S.
name: Littlefair, Stuart P.
name: Ashley, Richard P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A promising progenitor scenario for Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) is the thermonuclear detonation of a white dwarf in a close binary system with another white dwarf. After the primary star explodes, the surviving donor can be spontaneously released as a hypervelocity runaway. One such runaway donor candidate is LP 398-9, whose orbital trajectory traces back $\approx 10^5$ years to a known supernova remnant. Here we report the discovery of carbon-rich circumstellar material around LP 398-9, revealed by a strong infrared excess and analyzed with follow-up spectroscopy. The circumstellar material is most plausibly composed of inflated layers from the star itself, mechanically and radioactively heated by the past companion's supernova. We also detect a 15.4 hr periodic signal in the UV and optical light curves of LP 398-9, which we interpret as surface rotation. The rotation rate is consistent with theoretical predictions from this supernova mechanism, and the brightness variations could originate from surface inhomogeneity deposited by the supernova itself. Our observations strengthen the case for this double-degenerate SNIa progenitor channel, and motivate the search for more runaway SNIa donors.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Cycling and activated CD8+ T lymphocytes and their association with disease severity in influenza patients
Creators: name: Liu, Shuai
name: Huang, Zhisheng
name: Fan, Ruyue
name: Jia, Ju
name: Deng, Xiaoyan
name: Zou, Xiaohui
name: Li, Hui
name: Cao, Bin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Fig S2. Highly conserved influenza epitopes used in the study.
Mobility Aware Edge Computing Segmentation Towards Localized Orchestration
Creators: name: Aleyadeh, Sam
name: Moubayed, Abdallah
name: Shami, Abdallah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The current trend in end-user devices' advancements in computing and communication capabilities makes edge computing an attractive solution to pave the way for the coveted ultra-low latency services. The success of the edge computing networking paradigm depends on the proper orchestration of the edge servers. Several Edge applications and services are intolerant to latency, especially in 5G and beyond networks, such as intelligent video surveillance, E-health, Internet of Vehicles, and augmented reality applications. The edge devices underwent rapid growth in both capabilities and size to cope with the service demands. Orchestrating it on the cloud was a prominent trend during the past decade. However, the increasing number of edge devices poses a significant burden on the orchestration delay. In addition to the growth in edge devices, the high mobility of users renders traditional orchestration schemes impractical for contemporary edge networks. Proper segmentation of the edge space becomes necessary to adapt these schemes to address these challenges. In this paper, we introduce a segmentation technique employing lax clustering and segregated mobility-based clustering. We then apply latency mapping to these clusters. The proposed scheme's main objective is to create subspaces (segments) that enable light and efficient edge orchestration by reducing the processing time and the core cloud communication overhead. A bench-marking simulation is conducted with the results showing decreased mobility-related failures and reduced orchestration delay.
description: accepted at ISNCC 2021
From networked SIS model to the Gompertz function
Creators: name: Estrada, Ernesto
name: Bartesaghi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Gompertz function is one of the most widely used models in the description of growth processes in many different fields. We obtain a networked version of the Gompertz function as a worst-case scenario for the exact solution to the SIS model on networks. This function is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the classical scalar Gompertz function for sufficiently large times. It proves to be very effective both as an approximate solution of the networked SIS equation within a wide range of the parameters involved and as a fitting curve for the most diverse empirical data. As an instance, we perform some computational experiments, applying this function to the analysis of two real networks of sexual contacts. The numerical results highlight the analogies and the differences between the exact description provided by the SIS model and the upper bound solution proposed here, observing how the latter amplifies some empirically observed behaviors such as the presence of multiple and successive peaks in the contagion curve.
Statistical strong lensing. IV. Inferences with no individual source redshifts
Creators: name: Sonnenfeld, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Strong lensing mass measurements require the knowledge of the redshift of both the lens and the source galaxy. Traditionally, spectroscopic redshifts are used for this purpose. Upcoming surveys, however, will lead to the discovery of $\sim10^5$ strong lenses, and it will be very difficult to obtain spectroscopic redshifts for most of them. Photometric redshift measurements will also be very challenging, due to the blending between lens and source light. Aims. The goal of this work is to demonstrate how to carry out an inference of the structural properties of the galaxy population from the analysis of a set of strong lenses with no individual source redshift measurements, and to assess the loss in precision compared to the case in which spectroscopic redshifts are available. Methods. Building on the formalism introduced in Paper III, I developed a method that allows to carry out a statistical strong lensing inference while marginalising over the source redshifts. This method, which relies on the knowledge of the properties of the unlensed background source population and of the selection function of the survey, generalises an approach known as photogeometric redshift, originally introduced by the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey collaboration. I tested the method on simulated data consisting of a subset of 137 strong lenses that is complete above a cut in observational space. Results. The method recovers the properties of the galaxy population, with a precision that is comparable to that attainable in the case in which individual source redshifts are known. Conclusions. The photogeometric redshift method is a viable approach for the analysis of large sets of strong lenses, provided that the background source population properties and lens selection function are well-known.
description: Published on Astronomy & Astrophysics. A 2-minute summary video is available at https://youtu.be/bNleRlWA_PE
BEV-SGD: Best Effort Voting SGD for Analog Aggregation Based Federated Learning against Byzantine Attackers
Creators: name: Fan, Xin
name: Wang, Yue
name: Huo, Yan
name: Tian, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As a promising distributed learning technology, analog aggregation based federated learning over the air (FLOA) provides high communication efficiency and privacy provisioning under the edge computing paradigm. When all edge devices (workers) simultaneously upload their local updates to the parameter server (PS) through commonly shared time-frequency resources, the PS obtains the averaged update only rather than the individual local ones. While such a concurrent transmission and aggregation scheme reduces the latency and communication costs, it unfortunately renders FLOA vulnerable to Byzantine attacks. Aiming at Byzantine-resilient FLOA, this paper starts from analyzing the channel inversion (CI) mechanism that is widely used for power control in FLOA. Our theoretical analysis indicates that although CI can achieve good learning performance in the benign scenarios, it fails to work well with limited defensive capability against Byzantine attacks. Then, we propose a novel scheme called the best effort voting (BEV) power control policy that is integrated with stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Our BEV-SGD enhances the robustness of FLOA to Byzantine attacks, by allowing all the workers to send their local updates at their maximum transmit power. Under worst-case attacks, we derive the expected convergence rates of FLOA with CI and BEV power control policies, respectively. The rate comparison reveals that our BEV-SGD outperforms its counterpart with CI in terms of better convergence behavior, which is verified by experimental simulations.
description: Version 2:Revised some proofs, some typos, and some expressions of sentences
Euclid: Forecast constraints on consistency tests of the $Λ$CDM model
Creators: name: Nesseris, S.
name: Sapone, D.
name: Martinelli, M.
name: Camarena, D.
name: Marra, V.
name: Sakr, Z.
name: Garcia-Bellido, J.
name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Clarkson, C.
name: Da Silva, A.
name: Fleury, P.
name: Lombriser, L.
name: Mimoso, J. P.
name: Casas, S.
name: Pettorino, V.
name: Tutusaus, I.
name: Amara, A.
name: Auricchio, N.
name: Bodendorf, C.
name: Bonino, D.
name: Branchini, E.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Capobianco, V.
name: Carbone, C.
name: Carretero, J.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Cavuoti, S.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Cledassou, R.
name: Congedo, G.
name: Conversi, L.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Corcione, L.
name: Courbin, F.
name: Cropper, M.
name: Degaudenzi, H.
name: Douspis, M.
name: Dubath, F.
name: Duncan, C. A. J.
name: Dupac, X.
name: Dusini, S.
name: Ealet, A.
name: Farrens, S.
name: Fosalba, P.
name: Frailis, M.
name: Franceschi, E.
name: Fumana, M.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Gillis, B.
name: Giocoli, C.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Grupp, F.
name: Haugan, S. V. H.
name: Holmes, W.
name: Hormuth, F.
name: Jahnke, K.
name: Kermiche, S.
name: Kiessling, A.
name: Kitching, T.
name: Kümmel, M.
name: Kunz, M.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Lloro, I.
name: Mansutti, O.
name: Marggraf, O.
name: Markovic, K.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Massey, R.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Merlin, E.
name: Meylan, G.
name: Moresco, M.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Munari, E.
name: Niemi, S. M.
name: Padilla, C.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Pedersen, K.
name: Percival, W. J.
name: Poncet, M.
name: Popa, L.
name: Racca, G. D.
name: Raison, F.
name: Rhodes, J.
name: Roncarelli, M.
name: Saglia, R.
name: Sartoris, B.
name: Schneider, P.
name: Secroun, A.
name: Seidel, G.
name: Serrano, S.
name: Sirignano, C.
name: Sirri, G.
name: Stanco, L.
name: Starck, J. -L.
name: Tallada-Crespí, P.
name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Tereno, I.
name: Toledo-Moreo, R.
name: Torradeflot, F.
name: Valentijn, E. A.
name: Valenziano, L.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Welikala, N.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Zoubian, J.
name: Andreon, S.
name: Baldi, M.
name: Camera, S.
name: Medinaceli, E.
name: Mei, S.
name: Renzi, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard cosmological model is based on the fundamental assumptions of a spatially homogeneous and isotropic universe on large scales. An observational detection of a violation of these assumptions at any redshift would immediately indicate the presence of new physics. We quantify the ability of the Euclid mission, together with contemporary surveys, to improve the current sensitivity of null tests of the canonical cosmological constant $Λ$ and the cold dark matter (LCDM) model in the redshift range $0
description: 23 pages, 9 figures. Changes match published version
Interplay between Phase Transformation Instabilities and Spatiotemporal Reaction Heterogeneities in Particulate Intercalation Electrodes
Creators: name: Agrawal, Shubham
name: Bai, Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lithium-ion batteries rely on particulate porous electrodes to realize high performance, especially the fast-charging capability. To minimize the particle-wise reaction heterogeneities that may lead to local hot spots, deeper understandings of these electrodes at the mesoscale, i.e. hundreds of particles, have become an urgent need. This study reveals that the seemingly random reaction heterogeneities are actually controlled by the interplay between the non-equilibrium material thermodynamics and the external electrochemical driving force. Our operando experiments confirm the true working current density around a single particle that is much higher than the globally averaged current density, can change the behavior of phase transformation. The combined theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that unlike other phase-transforming porous electrodes, not all phase separation processes in graphite can be suppressed at high currents, due to the characteristics of the concentration-dependent exchange current density. The insights highlight the necessity to incorporate materials thermodynamics into electrochemical models to ensure self-consistent understandings of practical porous electrodes toward precision design and management.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
Comparison of Indicators of Location Homophily Using Twitter Follow Graph
Creators: name: Hironaka, Shiori
name: Yoshida, Mitsuo
name: Umemura, Kyoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Location homophily is a tendency of Twitter users whose followers tend to be in the same or nearby areas. Intuitively, although users with a higher number of follower relationships might have negative homophily indicators, it is worth consulting actual Twitter data. Moreover, there may be certain functions regarding the numbers of friends and followers that are more directly correlated to the homophily. In this study, the ratio of the number of friends to the number of followers is shown to be a more effective negative indicator of homophily, and the results for 10 different countries are verified.
description: The 2021 International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Applications (ICAICTA 2021)
Feature Selective Likelihood Ratio Estimator for Low- and Zero-frequency N-grams
Creators: name: Kikuchi, Masato
name: Yoshida, Mitsuo
name: Umemura, Kyoji
name: Ozono, Tadachika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In natural language processing (NLP), the likelihood ratios (LRs) of N-grams are often estimated from the frequency information. However, a corpus contains only a fraction of the possible N-grams, and most of them occur infrequently. Hence, we desire an LR estimator for low- and zero-frequency N-grams. One way to achieve this is to decompose the N-grams into discrete values, such as letters and words, and take the product of the LRs for the values. However, because this method deals with a large number of discrete values, the running time and memory usage for estimation are problematic. Moreover, use of unnecessary discrete values causes deterioration of the estimation accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes combining the aforementioned method with the feature selection method used in document classification, and shows that our estimator provides effective and efficient estimation results for low- and zero-frequency N-grams.
description: The 2021 International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concepts, Theory and Applications (ICAICTA 2021)
Towards Stacking Fault Energy Engineering in FCC High Entropy Alloys
Creators: name: Khan, Tasneem
name: Kirk, Tanner
name: Vazquez, Guillermo
name: Singh, Prashant
name: Smirnov, A V
name: Johnson, Duane D
name: Youssef, Khaleed
name: Arroyave, Raymundo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stacking Fault Energy (SFE) is an intrinsic alloy property that governs much of the plastic deformation mechanisms observed in fcc alloys. While SFE has been recognized for many years as a key intrinsic mechanical property, its inference via experimental observations or prediction using, for example, computationally intensive first-principles methods is challenging. This difficulty precludes the explicit use of SFE as an alloy design parameter. In this work, we combine DFT calculations (with necessary configurational averaging), machine-learning (ML) and physics-based models to predict the SFE in the fcc CoCrFeMnNiV-Al high-entropy alloy space. The best-performing ML model is capable of accurately predicting the SFE of arbitrary compositions within this 7-element system. This efficient model along with a recently developed model to estimate intrinsic strength of fcc HEAs is used to explore the strength-SFE Pareto front, predicting new-candidate alloys with particularly interesting mechanical behavior.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures, 1 Table
Solving Gauge Anomaly Equations in the Standard Model using the Method of Chords
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Dyuman
name: Rajabi, Sayeh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, Allanach et al introduced a geometric method to solve the anomaly cancellation equations for a $U(1)$ gauge theory with an arbitrary number of charges - the Method of Chords known in Diophantine analysis. We extend their result to non-Abelian gauge groups, and show that this method can be used to find the general solution to the anomaly cancellation equations for a theory with the Standard Model gauge group on a curved background. Given $K$ charges in $(\textbf{2}, \textbf{3})$, $L$ charges in $(\textbf{2}, \textbf{1})$, $M$ charges in $(\textbf{1}, \textbf{3})$, and $N$ charges in $(\textbf{1}, \textbf{1})$ representations of $SU(2)\times SU(3)$, the equations reduce to a homogeneous cubic Diophantine equation in $K+L+M+N-4$ variables.
description: 11 pages
Effect of substitutional doping and disorder on the phase stability, magnetism, and half-metallicity of Heusler alloys
Creators: name: Zarkevich, Nikolai A
name: Singh, Prashant
name: Smirnov, A. V.
name: Johnson, Duane D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronics is the fast growing field that will play a key role in optimizing power consumption, memory, and processing capabilities of nanoelectronic devices. Heusler alloys are potential candidates for application in spintronics due to their room temperature (RT) half-metallicity, high Curie temperature, low lattice mismatch with most substrates, and strong control on electronic density of states at Fermi level. In this work, we investigate the effect of {substitutional doping and disorder} on the half-metallicity, phase stability, and magnetism of Heusler alloys using density functional theory methods. Our study shows that electronic and magnetic properties of half/full-Heusler alloys can be tuned by changing electron-count through controlled variation of chemical compositions of alloying elements. We provide a detailed discussion on the effect of substitutional doping and disorder on the tunability of half-metallic nature of Co$_{2}$MnX and NiMnX based Heusler alloys, where X represents group 13\textendash 16 and period 3\textendash 6 elements of the periodic table. {Based on the idea of electron count and disorder, we predicted a possible existence of thermodynamically stable half-metallic multicomponent bismuthides, for example, (CuNi$_{3}$)Mn$_{4}$Bi$_{4}$ and (ZnNi$_{7}$)Mn$_{8}$Bi$_{8}$, through substitution doping at Ni site by specific Cu and Zn composition in half-Heusler NiMnBi.} We believe that the design guide {based on electron-counts} presented for half-metals will play a key role in electronic-structure engineering of novel Heusler alloys for spintronic application, which will accelerate the development and synthesis of novel materials.
description: 19 pages (15 main text, 4 supplement) 9 Figures (6 main text, 3 supplement). arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2004.06233
Domain Formation Driven by the Entropy of Topological Edge Modes
Creators: name: Shavit, Gal
name: Oreg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we study interacting systems with spontaneous discrete symmetry breaking, where the degenerate symmetry-broken states are topologically distinct gapped phases. Edge modes appear at domain walls between the two topological phases. In the presence of a weak disorder field conjugate to the order parameter, we find that the entropy of the edge modes drives a thermal transition between a gapped uniform phase and a phase with a disorder-induced domain structure. We characterize this transition using a phenomenological Landau functional, and corroborate our conclusions with a concrete microscopic model. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of experimental signatures of this phase transition, and propose graphene-based moiré heterostructures as candidate materials in which such a phase transition can be detected.
description: Published version
Identification of new M31 star cluster candidates from PAndAS images using convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Wang, Shoucheng
name: Chen, Bingqiu
name: Ma, Jun
name: Long, Qian
name: Yuan, Haibo
name: Liu, Dezi
name: Zhou, Zhimin
name: Liu, Wei
name: Chen, Jiamin
name: He, Zizhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context.Identification of new star cluster candidates in M31 is fundamental for the study of the M31 stellar cluster system. The machine-learning method convolutional neural network (CNN) is an efficient algorithm for searching for new M31 star cluster candidates from tens of millions of images from wide-field photometric surveys. Aims.We search for new M31 cluster candidates from the high-quality $g$- and $i$-band images of 21,245,632 sources obtained from the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS) through a CNN. Methods.We collected confirmed M31 clusters and noncluster objects from the literature as our training sample. Accurate double-channel CNNs were constructed and trained using the training samples. We applied the CNN classification models to the PAndAS $g$- and $i$-band images of over 21 million sources to search new M31 cluster candidates. The CNN predictions were finally checked by five experienced human inspectors to obtain high-confidence M31 star cluster candidates. Results.After the inspection, we identified a catalogue of 117 new M31 cluster candidates. Most of the new candidates are young clusters that are located in the M31 disk. Their morphology, colours, and magnitudes are similar to those of the confirmed young disk clusters. We also identified eight globular cluster candidates that are located in the M31 halo and exhibit features similar to those of confirmed halo globular clusters. The projected distances to the M31 centre for three of them are larger than 100\,kpc.
description: Published in A&A
Measurement of the neutron flux at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory with HENSA
Creators: name: Orrigo, S. E. A.
name: Tain, J. L.
name: Mont-Geli, N.
name: Tarifeño-Saldivia, A.
name: Fraile, L. M.
name: Grieger, M.
name: Agramunt, J.
name: Algora, A.
name: Bemmerer, D.
name: Calviño, F.
name: Cortés, G.
name: De Blas, A.
name: Dillmann, I.
name: Bugarín, A. Domínguez
name: García, R.
name: Nacher, E.
name: Tolosa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a long-term measurement of the neutron flux with the High Efficiency Neutron Spectrometry Array HENSA in the Hall A of the Canfranc Underground Laboratory. The Hall A measurement campaign lasted from October 2019 to March 2021, demonstrating an excellent stability of the HENSA setup. Preliminary results on the neutron flux from this campaign are presented for the first time. In Phase 1 (113 live days) a total neutron flux of 1.66(2) $\times$10$^{-5}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ is obtained. Our results are in good agreement with those from our previous shorter measurement where a reduced experimental setup was employed.
description: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics (TAUP 2021)
Considering lightness: how the lightness of app icon backgrounds affects consumers’ download intention through risk perception
Creators: name: Chen, Ming
name: Yu, Shih-Heng
name: Gao, Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: The number of mobile apps has rapidly increased in recent years, but the distribution of app downloads is uneven. As the first and only visual image of apps before downloading, app icons are vital tools through which app publishers promote their apps. Thus, identifying the elements of app icons that can increase consumers’ download intention is crucial. This research examines how the distribution of the lightness of yellow colour in app icon backgrounds influences consumers’ download intentions as moderated by the aim of the app. The results showed that when choosing an app aiming to resist risk, consumers are more likely to download an app with dark colours on top and light colours on the bottom of the background icon. This effect is mediated by consumers’ risk perceptions of the environment. However, consumers have lower download intentions for apps with the same background when the app does not aim to resist risk. This converse effect is mediated by consumers’ risk perceptions of the services or functions of apps. Our findings not only contribute to the literature concerning symbolic associations, colour inference, and app icon visual design but also provide app developers operational methods to increase consumers’ download intention.
Supplementary Material for "Sensor-based proximity metrics for team research"
Creators: name: Müller, Jörg
name: Meneses, Julio
name: Humbert, Anne Laure
name: Guenther, Elisabeth Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: wearable sensors
sociometric badges
bluetooth
infrared
team science
work group
gender diversity
organization
context

description: The collection of files provides supplementary material to the article on "Sensor-based proximity metrics for team research. A benchmarking and validation study across three organizational contexts." S1 - Supplementary Tables. Contain results of quantitative analysis in table format. S2 - Supplementary Settings. Contains the firmware settings of the Sociometric badges devices. S3 - Supplementary Illustrations. Contains illustrations of simulated reference distributions, work environment layout among others. S4 - Collection of R scripts used for the analysis. To re-run the analysis, all files need to be downloaded into the same folder. Instructions for installing required R software packages are provided in the corresponding scripts. The dataset (version 1.1.2) is available under the following link: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3446071