cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Extendable and invertible manifold learning with geometry regularized autoencoders
Creators: name: Duque, Andrés F.
name: Morin, Sacha
name: Wolf, Guy
name: Moon, Kevin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A fundamental task in data exploration is to extract simplified low dimensional representations that capture intrinsic geometry in data, especially for faithfully visualizing data in two or three dimensions. Common approaches to this task use kernel methods for manifold learning. However, these methods typically only provide an embedding of fixed input data and cannot extend to new data points. Autoencoders have also recently become popular for representation learning. But while they naturally compute feature extractors that are both extendable to new data and invertible (i.e., reconstructing original features from latent representation), they have limited capabilities to follow global intrinsic geometry compared to kernel-based manifold learning. We present a new method for integrating both approaches by incorporating a geometric regularization term in the bottleneck of the autoencoder. Our regularization, based on the diffusion potential distances from the recently-proposed PHATE visualization method, encourages the learned latent representation to follow intrinsic data geometry, similar to manifold learning algorithms, while still enabling faithful extension to new data and reconstruction of data in the original feature space from latent coordinates. We compare our approach with leading kernel methods and autoencoder models for manifold learning to provide qualitative and quantitative evidence of our advantages in preserving intrinsic structure, out of sample extension, and reconstruction. Our method is easily implemented for big-data applications, whereas other methods are limited in this regard.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
South African Agricultural Research and Development: A Century of Change
Creators: name: Liebenberg, Frikkie
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Kahn, Michael
name: Liebenberg, Frikkie
name: Pardey, Philip G.
name: Kahn, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The 20th Century saw substantive shifts in the structure of agriculture and agricultural production in South Africa. Farm size grew, farm numbers eventually declined, and production increasingly emphasized higher-valued commodities, notably a range of horticultural crops. The real gross value of agricultural output grew steadily (by 3.32 percent per year) from 1910-1981, but declined thereafter (by 0.21 percent per year from 1982-2008). These long-run sectoral changes provide a context to present and assess an entirely new data series on public agricultural R&D (and related regulatory and extension) spending and associated scientist trends. South African agricultural R&D has been affected by a series of major policy changes. These are also documented and discussed here, along with the associated institutional changes regarding the conduct and funding of public agricultural R&D in South Africa. We reveal a number of disturbing trends, including an effective flat lining of the long-run growth in total agricultural R&D spending that took hold in the 1970s, an erratic path of funding per scientist, and a loss of scientific personnel in recent decades. Moreover, South Africa has lost ground relative to its competitors in international commodity markets such as the United States and Australia in terms of the intensity of investment in agricultural R&D. These developments are likely to have long-term, and detrimental, consequences for the productivity performance and competiveness of South African agriculture. They deserve serious policy attention as the 21st Century unfolds, with a firm eye to the long-run given the long lags (often many decades) that typify the relationship between agricultural R&D spending and productivity growth.
Left braces of size $p^2q^2$
Creators: name: Crespo, Teresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16T25, 20D20, 20D45

description: We consider relatively prime integer numbers $m$ and $n$ such that each solvable group of order $mn$ has a normal subgroup of order $m$. We prove that each brace of size $mn$ is a semidirect product of a brace of size $m$ and a brace of size $n$. We further give a method to classify braces of size $mn$ from the classification of braces of sizes $m$ and $n$. We apply this result to determine all braces of size $p^2q^2$, for $p$ and $q$ odd primes satisfying some conditions which hold in particular for $p$ a Germain prime and $q=2p+1$.
description: accepted for publication in the New York Journal of Mathematics
AFSD-Physics: Exploring the governing equations of temperature evolution during additive friction stir deposition by a human-AI teaming approach
Creators: name: Shi, Tony
name: Ma, Mason
name: Wu, Jiajie
name: Post, Chase
name: Charles, Elijah
name: Schmitz, Tony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a modeling effort to explore the underlying physics of temperature evolution during additive friction stir deposition (AFSD) by a human-AI teaming approach. AFSD is an emerging solid-state additive manufacturing technology that deposits materials without melting. However, both process modeling and modeling of the AFSD tool are at an early stage. In this paper, a human-AI teaming approach is proposed to combine models based on first principles with AI. The resulting human-informed machine learning method, denoted as AFSD-Physics, can effectively learn the governing equations of temperature evolution at the tool and the build from in-process measurements. Experiments are designed and conducted to collect in-process measurements for the deposition of aluminum 7075 with a total of 30 layers. The acquired governing equations are physically interpretable models with low computational cost and high accuracy. Model predictions show good agreement with the measurements. Experimental validation with new process parameters demonstrates the model's generalizability and potential for use in tool temperature control and process optimization.
On v^2/c^2 expansion of the Dirac equation with external potentials
Creators: name: Zawadzki, Wlodek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The v^2/c^2 expansion of the Dirac equation with external potentials is reexamined. A complete, gauge invariant form of the expansion to order (1/c)^2 is established which contains two additional terms, as compared to various versions existing in the literature. It is shown that the additional terms describe relativistic decrease of the electron spin magnetic moment with increasing electron energy.
description: 3 pages, no figures
Additional file 1 of Analytical evaluation of the clonoSEQ Assay for establishing measurable (minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Travers Ching
name: Duncan, Megan E.
name: Newman-Eerkes, Tera
name: McWhorter, Mollie M. E.
name: Tracy, Jeffrey M.
name: Steen, Michelle S.
name: Brown, Ryan P.
name: Srivatsa Venkatasubbarao
name: Akers, Nicholas K.
name: Vignali, Marissa
name: Moorhead, Martin E.
name: Watson, Drew
name: Emerson, Ryan O.
name: Mann, Tobias P.
name: B. Melina Cimler
name: Swatkowski, Pamela L.
name: Kirsch, Ilan R.
name: Sang, Charles
name: Robins, Harlan S.
name: Howie, Bryan
name: Sherwood, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Detailed list of clinical samples and cell lines selected for the analytical evaluation studies.
Through-Wall Imaging based on WiFi Channel State Information
Creators: name: Strohmayer, Julian
name: Sterzinger, Rafael
name: Stippel, Christian
name: Kampel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents a seminal approach for synthesizing images from WiFi Channel State Information (CSI) in through-wall scenarios. Leveraging the strengths of WiFi, such as cost-effectiveness, illumination invariance, and wall-penetrating capabilities, our approach enables visual monitoring of indoor environments beyond room boundaries and without the need for cameras. More generally, it improves the interpretability of WiFi CSI by unlocking the option to perform image-based downstream tasks, e.g., visual activity recognition. In order to achieve this crossmodal translation from WiFi CSI to images, we rely on a multimodal Variational Autoencoder (VAE) adapted to our problem specifics. We extensively evaluate our proposed methodology through an ablation study on architecture configuration and a quantitative/qualitative assessment of reconstructed images. Our results demonstrate the viability of our method and highlight its potential for practical applications.
description: Added link to source code repository
title: Manesse et Siouffi : Le féminin et le masculin dans la langue, l’écriture inclusive en questions
Creators: name: Candea, Maria
Publisher: name: Savoirs en prisme
Year: 2019

description: [recension d'ouvrage]
description: Savoirs en prisme, No. 10 (2019): Les nouvelles formes d'écriture
Symmetry-mixed bound-state order: extended degeneracy of $(d + ig)$-superconductivity in $\mathrm{Sr}_{2}\mathrm{Ru}\mathrm{O}_{4}$
Creators: name: Willa, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a fluctuation-driven state of matter that develops near an accidental degeneracy point of two symmetry-distinct primary phases. Due to symmetry mixing, this bound-state order exhibits unique signatures, incompatible with either parent phase. Within a field-theoretical formalism, we derive the generic phase diagram for system with bound-state order, study its response to strain, and evaluate analytic expressions for a specific model. Our results support the $(d + ig)$-superconducting state as a candidate for $\mathrm{Sr}_{2}\mathrm{Ru}\mathrm{O}_{4}$: Most noticeably, the derived strain-dependence is in excellent agreement with recent experiments [Hicks \textit{et al.} Science (2014) and Grinenko \textit{et al.} arXiv (2020)]. The evolution above a non-vanishing strain from a joint onset of superconductivity and time-reversal symmetry-breaking to two split phase transitions provides a testable prediction for this scenario.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material (2 pages)
Roberts' type embeddings and conversion of the transversal Tverberg's theorem
Creators: name: Bogatyi, Semeon
name: Valov, Vesko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54F45; 55M10

description: Here are two of our main results: Theorem 1. Let X be a normal space with dim X=n and m\geq n+1. Then the space C*(X,R^m) of all bounded maps from X into R^m equipped with the uniform convergence topology contains a dense G_δ-subset consisting of maps g such that \bar{g(X)}\capΠ^d is at most (n+d-m)-dimensional for every d-dimensional plane Π^d in R^m, where m-n\leq d\leq m. Theorem 2. Let X be a metrizable compactum with dim X\leq n and m\geq n+1. Then, C(X,R^m) contains a dense G_δ-subset of maps g such that for any integers t,d,T with 0\leq t\leq d\leq m-n-1 and d\leq T\leq m and any d-plane Π^d\subset R^m parallel to some coordinate planes Π^t\subsetΠ^T in R^m, the inverse image g^{-1}(Π^d) has at most q points, where q=d+1-t+\frac{n+(n+T-m)(d-t)}{m-n-d} if n\geq (m-n-T)(d-t) and q=1+\frac{n}{m-n-T} otherwise. In case m=2n+1, the combination of Theorem 1 and the Nobeling--Pontryagin embedding theorem provides a generalization of a theorem due to Roberts. Theorem 2 extends the following results: the Nöbeling--Pontryagin embedding theorem (d=0, m=T\geq 2n+1); Hurewicz's theorem about mappings into an Euclidean space with preimages of small cardinality (d=0, n+1\leq m=T\leq 2n); Boltyanski's theorem about k-regular maps (d=k-1, t=0, T=m\geq nk+n+k) and Goodsell's theorem about existence of special embeddings (t=0, T=m). An infinite-dimensional analogue of Theorem 2 is also established. Our results are based on Theorem 1.1 below which is considered as a converse assertion of the transversal Tverberg's theorem and implies the Berkowitz-Roy theorem.
description: 21 pages
Maximum likelihood with estimating equations
Creators: name: Grendar, Marian
name: Judge, George G.
name: Grendar, Marian
name: Judge, George G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: maximum likelihood
subject: estimating equations
subject: empirical likelihood

description: Methods, like Maximum Empirical Likelihood (MEL), that operate within the Empirical Estimating Equations (E3) approach to estimation and inference are challenged by the Empty Set Problem (ESP). We propose to return from E3 back to the Estimating Equations, and to use the Maximum Likelihood method. In the discrete case the Maximum Likelihood with Estimating Equations (MLEE) method avoids ESP. In the continuous case, how to make ML-EE operational is an open question. Instead of it, we propose a Patched Empirical Likelihood, and demonstrate that it avoids ESP. The methods enjoy, in general, the same asymptotic properties as MEL.
Additional file 2 of Analytical evaluation of the clonoSEQ Assay for establishing measurable (minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Travers Ching
name: Duncan, Megan E.
name: Newman-Eerkes, Tera
name: McWhorter, Mollie M. E.
name: Tracy, Jeffrey M.
name: Steen, Michelle S.
name: Brown, Ryan P.
name: Srivatsa Venkatasubbarao
name: Akers, Nicholas K.
name: Vignali, Marissa
name: Moorhead, Martin E.
name: Watson, Drew
name: Emerson, Ryan O.
name: Mann, Tobias P.
name: B. Melina Cimler
name: Swatkowski, Pamela L.
name: Kirsch, Ilan R.
name: Sang, Charles
name: Robins, Harlan S.
name: Howie, Bryan
name: Sherwood, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Precision study PCR run execution map.
PERCEPÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR SOBRE OS ATRIBUTOS DE DIFERENCIAÇÃO NO SEGMENTO RURAL: CAFÉ NO MERCADO INTERNO
Creators: name: Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione
name: Spers, Eduardo Eugenio
name: Saes, Maria Sylvia Macchione
name: Spers, Eduardo Eugenio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: coffee
subject: differentiation strategy
subject: consumer’s perception.

description: Differentiation through added value improvement has been explored by strategy and marketing literature. However, because of the distance between growers, final-consumers and technical features not always easily understood by the consumers, differentiation attributes adopted in agricultural production may not be perceived or valorized by the consumers. The article aims to verify whether the strategies of differentiation of rural coffee growers, through the introduction of products that value the origin or the production process have been noticed by Brazilian consumers. For that purpose, a research was conducted with 300 upper-crust consumers in coffee shops and supermarkets in the capital of the state of São Paulo in March and April 2005. The results demonstrated consumers’ perception, particularly related to the coffees which were produced without the use of pesticides. However, the products differentiated by the attributes of the processing companies brand are perceived as more attractive when compared with those regarding to the region of origin or process of agricultural production.
Play, early literacy, and home culture : a case study in two Chinese immigrant families
Creators: name: Xia, Guohong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Through a qualitative case study design, the relationships among play, early literacy, and home culture were investigated in the lives of two young children from recent Chinese immigrant families in Canada. The purpose of this study was to describe how play and literacy learning converge in the children's home life and how the children's parents' views of play and literacy learning influence their children's perception of and behaviours in their play and literacy activities. To understand the children's play lives, I draw on the theories of emergent literacy, social constructivism, and critical theory. Descriptive field notes, transcripts of the children's conversations, and in-depth interviews with parents were collected over a period of six months. This study provides evidence that play is an integrated way to early literacy learning at home from three perspectives: the literate potentials of play, play as a context for literacy learning in a specific culture, and play as a supportive medium for self construction in relation to literacy. The individual differences between the two children's play and literacy activities are explored from their family cultures and experiences. This study also reinforces the critical importance of parents' views of play and literacy learning in their interactions with their children and the effects on their children's play and literacy activities. It is hoped that the study will give parents, early childhood educators, and family literacy programme coordinators insights into how to promote young children's literacy learning and self construction through play in culturally diverse contexts. Further research directions are also suggested.
The Future of Canadian Wheat Exports to Japan: Comparing the Japanese and South Korean Noodle Flour Markets
Creators: name: Kim, Renee B.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Unterschultz, James R.
name: Kim, Renee B.
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Unterschultz, James R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: While the demand for wheat flour for bread is relatively static in both Japan and South Korea, consumer markets for noodles in both countries are growing in importance. Each of the two countries depends heavily on milling-wheat imports since there is very little domestic wheat production. Canadian wheat exports represent only a small share of South Korean wheat imports and about 25 percent of the wheat imported by Japan. The South Korean wheat import market was deregulated in 1990. The liberalization of wheat imports and deregulation of the Korean milling sector have intensified competition in the flour milling industries in that market. Individual millers are interested in developing new blending formulae for wheat flour in order to survive in a more competitive market environment. Japan’s wheat import market, while still highly regulated, is expected to deregulate in the future and demand is expected to continue to increase for wheat flour for noodle production. Fundamental marketing issues revolving around Canada’s ability to supply wheats of the specified preferred quality to South Korea and Japan need to be examined since these may have significant implications for Canadian wheat exports to the region. South Korea provides a case study of changes that may occur in wheat demand as Japan deregulates its wheat import market. The comparison of the markets for noodle flour in these two Asian nations is highly relevant to the ongoing debate about Canadian domestic policies for wheat breeding, exports and grain regulation.
Paracaprella pusilla Mayer 1890
Creators: name: Sir, Sally J.
name: White, Kristine N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Caprellidae
Paracaprella
Paracaprella pusilla

description: Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890
Figs 3, 31 C
Caprella nigra: Reid 1951: 283–284, 289, fig. 58.
Paracaprella pusilla Mayer, 1890: 41, taf. 1, figs 28–30, taf. 3, figs 45–47, taf. 5, fig. 48–49, taf. 6, fig. 10; Mayer 1903: 67, taf. 2, figs 36, 37, taf 7, fig. 52; Steinberg and Dougherty 1957: 283–284, figs 16, 19, 24, 30; McCain 1968: 82–86, figs 41, 42; Wakabara et al. 1991: 73; Guerra-García et al. 2006: 175, figs 17–19; Díaz et al. 2005: 6, 7, 22, fig. 13; Ros and Guerra-García 2012: 137; Ros et al. 2013: 677, fig. 2.
Material examined.
Panama • 3.2–3.8 mm • 2 ♂, 2 ♀; Bocas del Toro, Hospital Point; 9.3333°N, 82.2185°W; depth 11 m; from buoy scrapings, 26 June 2023; K. N. White leg; USNM 1743944.
Diagnosis.
Body lacking dorsal projections. Male pereonite 2 with large, triangular anteroventral projection. Gnathopod 1 dactylus reaching ~ 1 / 2 of propodus length. Male gnathopod 2 basis with posteroproximal bump.
Distribution.
Africa: West Africa (Reid 1951); Brazil: Rio de Janerio (Wakabara et al. 1991); Chile: Coquimbo (Guerra-García and Thiel 2001); Colombia: Magdalena (Guerra-García et al. 2006); Mediterranean Sea: Balearic Islands (Ros et al. 2013); Mexico: Gulf of Mexico (Steinberg and Dougherty 1957; Winfield et al. 2006); U. S. A.: Florida (Camp 1998); Venezuela: Falcón, Carabobo, Aragua, Sucre, Nueva Esparta (Díaz et al. 2005); Western North Atlantic (McCain 1968); Spain: Cadiz (Ros and Guerra-García 2012); Panama: Bocas del Toro (present study).
Ecology and remarks.
This species occurs among mangrove roots, seagrasses, hydroids, ascidians, gravel bottoms, ropes, mussels, oysters, and shallow waters (McCain 1968; Díaz et al. 2005; Guerra-García et al. 2006). In Bocas del Toro, this species was collected from buoy scrapings at 11 m depth. Panamanian specimens agree closely with the original description of the species; however, several descriptions show variation in the shape of the male gnathopod 2 propodus. This species has recently been documented as spreading in several non-indigenous regions (Ros and Guerra-García 2012; Ros et al. 2013). Live specimens are yellow-brown in color with brown spots and a brown eye.
description: Published as part of Sir, Sally J. & White, Kristine N., 2025, Caribbean Amphipoda (Crustacea) of Panama. Part IV: parvorder Caprellidira, pp. 151-205 in ZooKeys 1234 on pages 151-205, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1234.145826
Improved magic states distillation for quantum universality
Creators: name: Reichardt, Ben W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given stabilizer operations and the ability to repeatedly prepare a single-qubit mixed state rho, can we do universal quantum computation? As motivation for this question, "magic state" distillation procedures can reduce the general fault-tolerance problem to that of performing fault-tolerant stabilizer circuits. We improve the procedures of Bravyi and Kitaev in the Hadamard "magic" direction of the Bloch sphere to achieve a sharp threshold between those rho allowing universal quantum computation, and those for which any calculation can be efficiently classically simulated. As a corollary, the ability to repeatedly prepare any pure state which is not a stabilizer state (e.g., any single-qubit pure state which is not a Pauli eigenstate), together with stabilizer operations, gives quantum universality. It remains open whether there is also a tight separation in the so-called T direction.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Conformal Inverse Optimization
Creators: name: Lin, Bo
name: Delage, Erick
name: Chan, Timothy C. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Inverse optimization has been increasingly used to estimate unknown parameters in an optimization model based on decision data. We show that such a point estimation is insufficient in a prescriptive setting where the estimated parameters are used to prescribe new decisions. The prescribed decisions may be low-quality and misaligned with human intuition and thus are unlikely to be adopted. To tackle this challenge, we propose conformal inverse optimization, which seeks to learn an uncertainty set for the unknown parameters and then solve a robust optimization model to prescribe new decisions. Under mild assumptions, we show that our method enjoys provable guarantees on solution quality, as evaluated using both the ground-truth parameters and the decision maker's perception of the unknown parameters. Our method demonstrates strong empirical performance compared to classic inverse optimization.
The phase diagram for a class of multispecies permissive asymmetric exclusion processes
Creators: name: Roy, Dipankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this article, we investigate a multispecies generalization of the single-species asymmetric simple exclusion process defined on an open one-dimensional lattice. We devise an exact projection scheme to find the phase diagram in terms of densities and currents of all species. In most of the phases, one or more species are absent in the system due to dynamical expulsion. We observe shocks as well in some regions of the phase diagram. We explain the density profiles using a generalized shock structure that is substantiated by numerical simulations.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Implicit Contracts and the Grey Market for Fertilizer in China
Creators: name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Yunlai, Xiao
name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Giannakas, Konstantinos
name: Yunlai, Xiao
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: A common occurrence in many countries is that policy outcomes differ from the official objectives of the policy directives. A good example can be found in China. In 1994, the fertilizer market in China underwent a significant change. In response to strong complaints from farmers in a number of regions about shortages and substantial price increases, the central government set the markup rate for fertilizer as it moved from fertilizer plants to farmers and granted the Agricultural Means of Production Corporations(AMPCs) a monopoly role as the supplier of fertilizer. The results of the 1994 policy reforms were not as expected. Controls on maximum retail prices failed to produce the desired effect and prices for agricultural inputs continued to increase by large margins. In both 1995 and 1996, the actual fertilizer price greatly exceeded the government-mandated price (Xiao, 1998). Nor did enterprises fully follow the controls in other respects. Some broke the allowed limit of 10 percent for products to be sold directly by fertilizer producers, and some trading agencies overcharged by adding more transport and handling expenses than were allowed (Zhou, 1996; Zhang and Ji, 1995; MOA,1996). In addition, although the AMPCwas to be the sole trader, the private traders in many provinces continued to play a significant role – the market share of the private traders ranged from approximately 5 percent in Yunnan province to nearly 25 percent in Shaanxi (Xiao, 1998). Thus, while private trading was not officially sanctioned, a well-defined grey market clearly existed in which private dealers purchased fertilizer from the AMPC and retailed it to farmers.
From ionic surfactants to Nafion through convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Dumortier, Loic
name: Mossa, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have applied recent machine learning advances, deep convolutional neural network, to three-dimensional (voxels) soft matter data, generated by Molecular Dynamics computer simulation. We have focused on the structural and phase properties of a coarse-grained model of hydrated ionic surfactants. We have trained a classifier able to automatically detect the water quantity absorbed in the system, therefore associating to each hydration level the corresponding most representative nano-structure. Based on the notion of transfer learning, we have next applied the same network to the related polymeric ionomer Nafion, and have extracted a measure of the similarity of these configurations with those above. We demonstrate that on this basis it is possible to express the static structure factor of the polymer at fixed hydration level as a superposition of those of the surfactants at multiple water contents. We suggest that such a procedure can provide a useful, agnostic, data-driven, precise description of the multi-scale structure of disordered materials, without resorting to any a-priori model picture.
"insert.html" of "Summary of the ATLAS experiment's sensitivity to supersymmetry after LHC Run 1 - interpreted in the phenomenological MSSM"
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2015

description: insert.html
description: A summary of the constraints from the ATLAS experiment on $R$-parity conserving supersymmetry is presented. Results from 22 separate ATLAS searches are considered, each based on analysis of up to 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at the centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 and 8 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are interpreted in the context of the 19-parameter phenomenological minimal supersymmetric standard model, in which the lightest supersymmetric particle is a neutralino, taking into account constraints from previous precision electroweak and flavour measurements as well as from dark matter related measurements. The results are presented in terms of constraints on supersymmetric particle masses and are compared to limits from simplified models. The impact of ATLAS searches on parameters such as the dark matter relic density, the couplings of the observed Higgs boson, and the degree of electroweak fine-tuning is also shown. Spectra for surviving supersymmetry model points with low fine-tunings are presented.
Leveraging IRS Induced Time Delay for Enhanced Physical Layer Security in VLC Systems
Creators: name: Iqbal, Rashid
name: Biagi, Mauro
name: Zoha, Ahmed
name: Imran, Muhammad Ali
name: Abumarshoud, Hanaa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Indoor visible light communication (VLC) is considered secure against attackers outside the confined area where the light propagates, but it is still susceptible to interception from inside the coverage area. A new technology, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS), has been recently introduced, offering a way to enhance physical layer security (PLS). Most research on IRS-assisted VLC assumes the same time of arrival from all reflecting elements and overlooks the effect of time delay and the associated intersymbol interference. This paper tackles, for the first time, the effect of time delay on the secrecy rate in VLC systems. Our results show that, at a fixed light-emitting diode (LED) power of 3W, the secrecy rate can be enhanced by up to 253\% at random positions for the legitimate user when the eavesdropper is located within a 1-meter radius of the LED. Our results also show that careful allocation of the IRS elements can lead to enhanced PLS even when the eavesdropper has a more favourable position and, thus, a better channel gain than the legitimate user.
Modular synchronization in complex networks
Creators: name: Oh, E.
name: Rho, K.
name: Hong, H.
name: Kahng, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the synchronization transition (ST) of a modified Kuramoto model on two different types of modular complex networks. It is found that the ST depends on the type of inter-modular connections. For the network with decentralized (centralized) inter-modular connections, the ST occurs at finite coupling constant (behaves abnormally). Such distinct features are found in the yeast protein interaction network and the Internet, respectively. Moreover, by applying the finite-size scaling analysis to an artificial network with decentralized inter-modular connections, we obtain the exponent associated with the order parameter of the ST to be $β\approx 1$ different from $β_{\rm MF} \approx 1/2$ obtained from the scale-free network with the same degree distribution but the absence of modular structure, corresponding to the mean field value.
description: 9pages, 6figures. PRE (in press)
Laser Scanning Microscopy of HTS Films and Devices
Creators: name: Zhuravel, A. P.
name: Sivakov, A. G.
name: Turutanov, O. G.
name: Omelyanchouk, A. N.
name: Anlage, Steven M.
name: Ustinov, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The work describes the capabilities of Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) as a spatially resolved method of testing high_Tc materials and devices. The earlier results obtained by the authors are briefly reviewed. Some novel applications of the LSM are illustrated, including imaging the HTS responses in rf mode, probing the superconducting properties of HTS single crystals, development of twobeam laser scanning microscopy. The existence of the phase slip lines mechanism of resistivity in HTS materials is proven by LSM imaging.
description: 17 pages, 21 figures, Submitted to Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur (Low Temperature Physics)
Intrinsic constraint on $T_c$ for unconventional superconductivity
Creators: name: Qin, Qiong
name: Yang, Yi-feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Can room temperature superconductivity be achieved in correlated materials under ambient pressure? Our answer to this billion-dollar question is probably no, at least for realistic models within the current theoretical framework. This is shown by our systematic simulations on the pairing instability of some effective models for two-dimensional superconductivity. For a square lattice model with nearest-neighbour pairing, we find a plaquette state formed of weakly-connected $2\times2$ blocks for sufficiently large pairing interaction. The superconductivity is suppressed on both sides away from its melting quantum critical point. Thus, the magnitude of $T_c$ is constrained by the plaquette state for the $d$-wave superconductivity, in resemblance of other competing orders. We then extend our simulations to a variety of effective models covering nearest-neighbour or onsite pairings, single layer or two-layer structures, intralayer or interlayer pairings, and find an intrinsic maximum of the ratio $T_c/J\approx 0.04-0.07$, where $J$ is the pairing interaction. Comparison with existing experiments supports this constraint in cuprate, iron-based, nickelate, and heavy fermion superconductors, despite that these compounds are so complicated well beyond our simplified models. As a result, the known families of unconventional superconductivity, possibly except the infinite-layer nickelates, seem to almost exhaust their potentials in reaching the maximal $T_c$ allowed by their respective $J$, while achieving room temperature superconductor would require a much larger $J$ beyond 400-700 meV, which seems unrealistic in existing correlated materials and hence demands novel pairing mechanisms. The agreement also implies some deep underlying principles of the constraint that urge for a more rigorous theoretical understanding.
description: 6 figures
Additional file 10 of Analytical evaluation of the clonoSEQ Assay for establishing measurable (minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Travers Ching
name: Duncan, Megan E.
name: Newman-Eerkes, Tera
name: McWhorter, Mollie M. E.
name: Tracy, Jeffrey M.
name: Steen, Michelle S.
name: Brown, Ryan P.
name: Srivatsa Venkatasubbarao
name: Akers, Nicholas K.
name: Vignali, Marissa
name: Moorhead, Martin E.
name: Watson, Drew
name: Emerson, Ryan O.
name: Mann, Tobias P.
name: B. Melina Cimler
name: Swatkowski, Pamela L.
name: Kirsch, Ilan R.
name: Sang, Charles
name: Robins, Harlan S.
name: Howie, Bryan
name: Sherwood, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 10: Figure S4. Comparison of disease burden (percent of malignant cells out of total nucleated cells) estimated by the clonoSEQ Assay and mpFC in undiluted material from the 66 clinical samples and 9 cell lines used in this study.
Coronal dimmings associated with coronal mass ejections on the solar limb
Creators: name: Chikunova, Galina
name: Dissauer, Karin
name: Podladchikova, Tatiana
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a statistical analysis of 43 coronal dimming events, associated with Earth-directed CMEs that occurred during the period of quasi-quadrature of the SDO and STEREO satellites. We studied coronal dimmings that were observed above the limb by STEREO/EUVI and compared their properties with the mass and speed of the associated CMEs. The unique position of satellites allowed us to compare our findings with the results from Dissauer et al. (2018b, 2019), who studied the same events observed against the solar disk by SDO/AIA. Such statistics is done for the first time and confirms the relation of coronal dimmings and CME parameters for the off-limb viewpoint. The observations of dimming regions from different lines-of-sight reveal a similar decrease in the total EUV intensity ($c=0.60\pm0.14$). We find that the (projected) dimming areas are typically larger for off-limb observations (mean value of $1.24\pm1.23\times10^{11}$ km$^2$ against $3.51\pm0.71\times10^{10}$ km$^2$ for on-disk), with a correlation of $c=0.63\pm0.10$. This systematic difference can be explained by the (weaker) contributions to the dimming regions higher up in the corona, that cannot be detected in the on-disk observations. The off-limb dimming areas and brightnesses show very strong correlations with the CME mass ($c=0.82\pm0.06$ and $c=0.75\pm0.08$), whereas the dimming area and brightness change rate correlate with the CME speed ($c\sim0.6$). Our findings suggest that coronal dimmings have the potential to provide early estimates of mass and speed of Earth-directed CMEs, relevant for space weather forecasts, for satellite locations both at L1 and L5.
description: 26 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Machine Learning based Pointing Models for Radio/Sub-millimeter Telescopes
Creators: name: Nyheim, Bendik
name: Riemer-Sørensen, Signe
name: Parra, Rodrigo
name: Cicone, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio, sub-millimeter and millimeter ground-based telescopes are powerful instruments for studying the gas and dust-rich regions of the Universe that are invisible at optical wavelengths, but the pointing accuracy is crucial for obtaining high-quality data. Pointing errors are small deviations of the telescope's orientation from its desired direction. The telescopes use linear regression pointing models to correct for these errors, taking into account various factors such as weather conditions, telescope mechanical structure, and the target's position in the sky. However, residual pointing errors can still occur due to factors that are hard to model accurately, such as thermal and gravitational deformation and environmental conditions like humidity and wind. Here we present a proof-of-concept for reducing pointing error for the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope in the high-altitude Atacama Desert in Chile based on machine learning. Using historic pointing data from 2022, we trained eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models that reduced the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) for azimuth and elevation (horizontal and vertical angle) pointing corrections by 4.3% and 9.5%, respectively, on hold-out test data. Our results will inform operations of current and future facilities such as the next-generation Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST).
description: Peer reviewed. Accepted for publication in Nordic Machine Intelligence journal. The code is available at https://github.com/benyhh/ml-telescope-pointing-correction
Additional file 11 of Analytical evaluation of the clonoSEQ Assay for establishing measurable (minimal) residual disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Travers Ching
name: Duncan, Megan E.
name: Newman-Eerkes, Tera
name: McWhorter, Mollie M. E.
name: Tracy, Jeffrey M.
name: Steen, Michelle S.
name: Brown, Ryan P.
name: Srivatsa Venkatasubbarao
name: Akers, Nicholas K.
name: Vignali, Marissa
name: Moorhead, Martin E.
name: Watson, Drew
name: Emerson, Ryan O.
name: Mann, Tobias P.
name: B. Melina Cimler
name: Swatkowski, Pamela L.
name: Kirsch, Ilan R.
name: Sang, Charles
name: Robins, Harlan S.
name: Howie, Bryan
name: Sherwood, Anna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 11: Figure S5. Bias estimates in quantitative clonoSEQ Assay MRD measurements in ALL, CLL, and MM.
Laplacians on lattices
Creators: name: Zakrzewski, Wojtek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider some lattices and look at discrete Laplacians on these lattices. In particular we look at solutions of the equation $\triangle(1)ϕ= \triangle(2)Z$ where $\triangle(1)$ and $\triangle(2)$ are two such laplacians on the same lattice. We discuss solutions of this equation in some special cases.
description: 11 pages including pictures
Visual Identification of Individual Holstein-Friesian Cattle via Deep Metric Learning
Creators: name: Andrew, William
name: Gao, Jing
name: Mullan, Siobhan
name: Campbell, Neill
name: Dowsey, Andrew W
name: Burghardt, Tilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.8; I.4.9

description: Holstein-Friesian cattle exhibit individually-characteristic black and white coat patterns visually akin to those arising from Turing's reaction-diffusion systems. This work takes advantage of these natural markings in order to automate visual detection and biometric identification of individual Holstein-Friesians via convolutional neural networks and deep metric learning techniques. Existing approaches rely on markings, tags or wearables with a variety of maintenance requirements, whereas we present a totally hands-off method for the automated detection, localisation, and identification of individual animals from overhead imaging in an open herd setting, i.e. where new additions to the herd are identified without re-training. We propose the use of SoftMax-based reciprocal triplet loss to address the identification problem and evaluate the techniques in detail against fixed herd paradigms. We find that deep metric learning systems show strong performance even when many cattle unseen during system training are to be identified and re-identified -- achieving 93.8% accuracy when trained on just half of the population. This work paves the way for facilitating the non-intrusive monitoring of cattle applicable to precision farming and surveillance for automated productivity, health and welfare monitoring, and to veterinary research such as behavioural analysis, disease outbreak tracing, and more. Key parts of the source code, network weights and datasets are available publicly.
description: 41 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables; Submitted to Computers and Electronics in Agriculture ; Source code and network weights available at https://github.com/CWOA/MetricLearningIdentification ; OpenCows2020 dataset available at https://doi.org/10.5523/bris.10m32xl88x2b61zlkkgz3fml17