cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Humans, AI, and Context: Understanding End-Users' Trust in a Real-World Computer Vision Application
Creators: name: Kim, Sunnie S. Y.
name: Watkins, Elizabeth Anne
name: Russakovsky, Olga
name: Fong, Ruth
name: Monroy-Hernández, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Trust is an important factor in people's interactions with AI systems. However, there is a lack of empirical studies examining how real end-users trust or distrust the AI system they interact with. Most research investigates one aspect of trust in lab settings with hypothetical end-users. In this paper, we provide a holistic and nuanced understanding of trust in AI through a qualitative case study of a real-world computer vision application. We report findings from interviews with 20 end-users of a popular, AI-based bird identification app where we inquired about their trust in the app from many angles. We find participants perceived the app as trustworthy and trusted it, but selectively accepted app outputs after engaging in verification behaviors, and decided against app adoption in certain high-stakes scenarios. We also find domain knowledge and context are important factors for trust-related assessment and decision-making. We discuss the implications of our findings and provide recommendations for future research on trust in AI.
description: FAccT 2023
Nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics
Creators: name: Metlov, Leonid S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new approach - nonequilibrium evolution thermodynamics, is compared with classical variant of Landau approach
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Neutrino Signals from Annihilating/Decaying Dark Matter in the Light of Recent Measurements of Cosmic Ray Electron/Positron Fluxes
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Nakayama, Kazunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The excess of cosmic-ray electron and positron fluxes measured by the PAMELA satellite and ATIC balloon experiments may be interpreted as the signals of the dark matter annihilation or decay into leptons. In this letter we show that the dark matter annihilation/decay which reproduces the electron/positron excess may yield a significant amount of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic center. In the case, future kilometer-square size experiments may confirm such a scenario, or even the Super-Kamiokande results already put constraints on some dark matter models.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; References added; extended discussion; to appear in PRD
On nonparametric and semiparametric testing for multivariate linear time series
Creators: name: Yajima, Yoshihiro
name: Matsuda, Yasumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62M15 (Primary) 62M10, 62M07 (Secondary)

description: We formulate nonparametric and semiparametric hypothesis testing of multivariate stationary linear time series in a unified fashion and propose new test statistics based on estimators of the spectral density matrix. The limiting distributions of these test statistics under null hypotheses are always normal distributions, and they can be implemented easily for practical use. If null hypotheses are false, as the sample size goes to infinity, they diverge to infinity and consequently are consistent tests for any alternative. The approach can be applied to various null hypotheses such as the independence between the component series, the equality of the autocovariance functions or the autocorrelation functions of the component series, the separability of the covariance matrix function and the time reversibility. Furthermore, a null hypothesis with a nonlinear constraint like the conditional independence between the two series can be tested in the same way.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOS610 the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Power spectrum extraction for redshifted 21-cm epoch of reionization experiments: the LOFAR case
Creators: name: Harker, Geraint
name: Zaroubi, Saleem
name: Bernardi, Gianni
name: Brentjens, Michiel A.
name: de Bruyn, A. G.
name: Ciardi, Benedetta
name: Jelic, Vibor
name: Koopmans, Leon V. E.
name: Labropoulos, Panagiotis
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Offringa, Andre
name: Pandey, V. N.
name: Pawlik, Andreas H.
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Thomas, Rajat M.
name: Yatawatta, Sarod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the aims of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Epoch of Reionization (EoR) project is to measure the power spectrum of variations in the intensity of redshifted 21-cm radiation from the EoR. The sensitivity with which this power spectrum can be estimated depends on the level of thermal noise and sample variance, and also on the systematic errors arising from the extraction process, in particular from the subtraction of foreground contamination. We model the extraction process using realistic simulations of the cosmological signal, the foregrounds and noise, and so estimate the sensitivity of the LOFAR EoR experiment to the redshifted 21-cm power spectrum. Detection of emission from the EoR should be possible within 360 hours of observation with a single station beam. Integrating for longer, and synthesizing multiple station beams within the primary (tile) beam, then enables us to extract progressively more accurate estimates of the power at a greater range of scales and redshifts. We discuss different observational strategies which compromise between depth of observation, sky coverage and frequency coverage. A plan in which lower frequencies receive a larger fraction of the time appears to be promising. We also study the nature of the bias which foreground fitting errors induce on the inferred power spectrum, and discuss how to reduce and correct for this bias. The angular and line-of-sight power spectra have different merits in this respect, and we suggest considering them separately in the analysis of LOFAR data.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Comparing the Legal Foundations of Foreign Direct Investment in India and China: Law and the Rule of Law in the Indian Foreign Direct Investment Context
Creators: name: Sachdev, Rohit
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2006

description: Although China and India share similar economic and demographic characteristics, China has outstripped its neighbor in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) since their respective “liberalizations” in 1979 and 1991. Scholars have offered a number of superficially convincing explanations for the persistent divide, which tend to focus on China’s excessive use of “round-tripping,” the prevalence of bureaucracy and corruption in India, and China’s decade-long “head start” in reforming. A closer evaluation of these justifications, however, suggests that they are only partial explanations at best. The purpose of this Note is twofold. First, it raises and explores a fundamental issue that has not received adequate attention: whether China’s legal regime is more conducive to attracting, maintaining, and increasing FDI inflows than India’s. This Note compares the legal foundations that support the inward FDI frameworks in these countries to determine whether the differences in their governing laws and procedural mechanisms contribute to the statistical discrepancies in FDI inflows. Second, this Note attempts to identify those elements of the rule of law that are present (and absent) in each country’s FDI regime and how those elements encourage or deter FDI. This Note’s conclusions are revealing but not unexpected. India’s statutory governance of FDI is comparatively more convoluted and more antiquated than China’s, and therefore, it is less conducive to attracting, processing, and retaining FDI inflows. In addition, China uses distinct legal vehicles that prove more transparent and more comprehensible for foreign investors than India’s outdated legislation. Furthermore, India excludes local and state authorities from the federal approval process, ultimately lengthening the FDI implementation process and deterring investment. China, on the other hand, has a vertically integrated FDI approval process, which generates significant tension between state and national authorities but is nevertheless comparatively more facilitative of FDI inflows. This analysis reveals that a country’s (in this case, China’s) disregard of the “rule of law” in political governance may, ironically, allow it more effectively (1) to grant rule of law protections to investors and (2) to implement more efficient approval processes than a country such as India, which preserves rule of law at the highest levels of governance, yet at the expense of streamlined FDI statutory governance and approval procedures. As a result, China can tailor more effectively its FDI governance to foreign direct investors’ interests and assist them in circumventing red tape and procedural delay.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2006 No. 1
The Broad-band Noise Characteristics of Selected Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars and Soft Gamma-ray Repeaters
Creators: name: Kulebi, B.
name: Balman, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the broad-band noise structure of selected Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars (AXPs) and Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs) in the 2-60 keV energy band. We have analyzed Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer Proportional Counter Array archival light curves for four AXPs and one SGR. We detect that the persistent emission of these sources show band limited noise at low frequencies in the range 0.005-0.05 Hz varying from 2.5% to 70% integrated rms in times of prolonged quiescence and following outbursts. We discovered band-limited red noise in 1E 2259+586 only for $\sim$2 years after its major 2002 outburst. The system shows no broad-band noise otherwise. Although this rise in noise in 1E 2259+586 occurred following an outburst which included a rotational glitch, the other glitching AXPs showed no obvious change in broad-band noise, thus it does not seem that this noise is correlated with glitches. The only source that showed significant variation in broad-band noise was 1E 1048.1-5937, where the noise gradually rose for 1.95 years at a rate of $\sim$3.6% per year. For this source the increases in broad-band noise was not correlated with the large increases in persistent and pulsed flux, or its two short SGR-like bursts. This rise in noise did commence after a long burst, however given the sparsity of this event, and the possibility that similar bursts went unnoticed the trigger for the rise is noise in 1E 1048.1-5937 is not as clear as for 1E 2259+586. The other three sources indicate a persistent band-limited noise at low levels in comparison.
description: accepted to MNRAS as it stands
Additional file 1 of Chitosan-insulin nano-formulations as critical modulators of inflammatory cytokines and Nrf-2 pathway to accelerate burn wound healing
Creators: name: Sharda, Deepinder
name: Ghosh, Sandip
name: Kaur, Pawandeep
name: Basu, Biswarup
name: Choudhury, Diptiman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary file1 (DOCX 3082 KB)
Investigations into transcriptomic engram cells
Creators: name: Campbell, Angus Gordon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The physical substrate of memory in the brain is still a subject of debate. It is thought that strongly connected networks of neurons, called engrams, can reproduce the original activity pattern from partial cues. Synapses between engram neurons are thus the most likely candidate for memory storage; but questions remain over their long-term stability. Some groups have proposed activity related transcription, while normally considered transient, could be the beginning of a transition to a more permanent cell type that stores long term memory. Persistent chromatin conformation changes and resulting transcription changes, triggered by reactivation, could be a stable long-lasting storage mechanism which enables remembering at remote time points. Some groups have reported transcription predicted by this model. We trained classifiers using single-cell RNA (scRNA-seq) sequencing from the earlier transient signature (Jaeger et al., 2018; Lacar et al., 2016) and the long term engram neuron signature (Chen et al., 2020). The transient early signature was readily identifiable but when trying to identify engram cells exhibiting the long-term memory signature we found a significant decrease in classifier performance. The important features of the classifier were not genes reported as deferentially expressed in the original publication. Reproducing the original author’s results using their data proved challenging, suggesting the persistent long-term memory signature was not detected or does not exist. Reactivation did not appear to elicit a strong transcriptional response either, which contradicts models of transcriptomic engram cell formation. Unfortunately, the design of the original experiment does not allow for the falsification of the supposed persistent transcriptional program induced by reactivation. My research suggests future directions to take in evaluating transcription’s contribution to synaptic plasticity and memory.
The Locus of Corporate Scienter
Creators: name: Abril, Patricia S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2006

description: Consider the following scenario: A corporation issues an earnings report containing various misrepresentations regarding its financial status. These fraudulent misrepresentations cause injury to the current shareholders of the corporation and intimate a much larger, systematic fraud conceived at the core of the corporation’s “numbers driven” culture. After the fraud is discovered, the corporation’s stock price plummets, setting off the legal equivalent of a five-alarm fire; both criminal prosecutors and the civil plaintiffs’ bar comb through the wreckage for a responsible party. The chief executive officer of the corporation is indicted, convicted, and sentenced to twenty-five years in prison for her part in the fraud, and her personal wealth is disgorged for the benefit of injured shareholders. On the civil side, a class action suit proceeds against a number of defendants, including the issuer corporation, pursuant to Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. The defense attorneys representing the corporation seek dismissal of the suit on the grounds that the corporation did not possess the requisite scienter for a finding of liability. A corporation, by definition, is a “body formed and authorized by law to act as a single person although constituted by one or more persons and legally endowed by various rights and duties.” From a jurisprudential standpoint, this seemingly straightforward dictionary definition is a paradoxical Gordian Knot with which courts and commentators have struggled for centuries. It is in the realm of offenses requiring specific intent that this theoretical struggle is played out most dramatically. Given the epistemological conundrum of ascribing liability to a lifeless entity, three questions inevitably arise: (1) How does one properly attribute an “act” to a corporation; (2) How does one properly ascribe intent to a corporation; and (3) Must the imputed corporate action and the imputed corporate intent intersect in one individual actor? This Article addresses the latter two questions and attempts to furnish a workable solution to them in the context of civil securities fraud cases.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2006 No. 1
Effects of the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption on Observations at Paranal Observatory
Creators: name: De Rosa, Robert J.
name: Otarola, Angel
name: Szeifert, Thomas
name: Smoker, Jonathan
name: Selman, Fernando
name: Mehner, Andrea
name: Bian, Fuyan
name: Sedaghati, Elyar
name: Seidel, Julia V.
name: Smette, Alain
name: de Wit, Willem-Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted on 15 January 2022 with an energy equivalent to around 61 megatons of TNT. The explosion was bigger than any other volcanic eruption so far in the 21st century. Huge quantities of particles, including dust and water vapour, were released into the atmosphere. We present the results of a preliminary study of the effects of the explosion on observations taken at Paranal Observatory using a range of instruments. These effects were not immediately transitory in nature, and a year later stunning sunsets are still being seen at Paranal.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, published in ESO Messenger vol. 190
Confronting Continuity: A Tradition of Fiction in Corporate Reorganizations
Creators: name: Blank, Joshua D.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2006

description: The “continuity of interest” doctrine has determined the tax treatment of corporate mergers for over seventy years. Under this doctrine, a corporate merger may qualify for tax-deferred treatment if an acquiror corporation pays shareholders of the target corporation consideration that consists of at least a minimum amount of the acquiror corporation’s stock. The continuity of interest doctrine has been criticized as unclear, inefficient, and unfair. Much of this criticism, however, is obsolete and largely unpersuasive. This Article offers a different justification for repealing the doctrine: The end that the continuity of interest doctrine is intended to achieve–an aggregate group of former target corporation shareholders maintaining a “continuity of interest” in the acquiror corporation following a merger–is fiction. Because the doctrine serves a fictional premise, it does not distinguish effectively between special mergers deserving of tax-deferred treatment and ordinary sales that should be taxed currently. The second half of this Article presents a new proposal for replacing the continuity of interest doctrine. Without any regard to the nature of the consideration paid, the proposal delivers tax-deferred treatment where the acquiror corporation continues the historic business of the target corporation for at least two years following the merger and where a target shareholder’s position within the enterprise does not change significantly as a result of its exchange of target corporation stock for stock in this acquiror corporation. While the continuity of interest doctrine serves a fictitious premise, the proposal presented in this Article restores some sense of truth to the policy of reserving special tax treatment for mergers that represent mere changes in form.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2006 No. 1
Corporate Governance Failures–Is Parmalat Eurpoe’s Enron?
Creators: name: Storelli, Claudio
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: As the Enron scandal unfolded in early 2002, some European investors felt vindicated. They deplored the greed of American executives, and many of them thought that such a scandal could never occur in Europe. But sure enough, just as American movies reach European theaters after a delay of several months, Europe got its corporate scandal: Parmalat, a corporate debacle comparable in size and intricacy to its major U.S. rivals, and thus quickly dubbed “Europe’s Enron.” Just as U.S. investors had been left aghast in the wake of the Enron scandal, European investors are now asking themselves how a fraud this large could have occurred and how it could have gone undetected for so long. Not surprisingly, given the bad reputation of Italy’s corporate governance system, some members of the media were quick to label the causes of the Parmalat scandal as country-specific. But while the Parmalat debacle is characterized by some typically Italian or European aspects, it also displays some striking similarities to the Enron scandal and other egregious examples of gatekeeper failure. Understanding the differences and similarities between the Parmalat and Enron scandals can shed light on the ways in which corporate governance systems across the world could be improved. Many factual issues regarding the Parmalat fraud still need to be resolved by forensic accountants and courts. In spite of the uncertainty surrounding many details of the scandal, this Note is an attempt to make sense of the Parmalat debacle using academic and journalistic accounts of the events, publicly available financial data, depositions of some of the major Parmalat officials, and some of the complaints filed in the Southern District of New York against Parmalat, its auditors, and other parties who allegedly participated in the transactions under investigation. This Note also tries to compare the events that led to the Parmalat fraud with those that prompted the Enron scandal. The ultimate goal is to understand whether frauds that took place under these different regulatory systems may have been caused by similar gatekeeper and corporate governance failures. Although this Note does not attempt to propose remedies to these problems, it does provide a starting point for academic discussions of potential normative remedies.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 3: Conference on Two Sided Markets
Quantum trajectory equation for multiple qubits in circuit QED: Generating entanglement by measurement
Creators: name: Hutchison, Chantal L.
name: Gambetta, J. M.
name: Blais, Alexandre
name: Wilhelm, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive an effective master equation and quantum trajectory equation for multiple qubits in a single resonator and in the large resonator decay limit. We show that homodyne measurement of the resonator transmission is a weak measurement of the collective qubit inversion. As an example of this result, we focus on the case of two qubits and show how this measurement can be used to generate an entangled state from an initially separable state. This is realized without relying on an entangling Hamiltonian. We show that, for {\em current} experimental values of both the decoherence and measurement rates, this approach can be used to generate highly entangled states. This scheme takes advantage of the fact that one of the Bell states is decoherence-free under Purcell decay.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Slim disks around Kerr black holes revisited
Creators: name: Sadowski, Aleksander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate stationary slim accretion disks around Kerr black holes. We construct a new numerical method based on the relaxation technique. We systematically cover the whole parameter space relevant to stellar mass X-ray binaries. We also notice some non-monotonic features in the disk structure, overlooked in previous studies.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures. The relativistic slim accretion disk solutions have been published online at http://users.camk.edu.pl/as/slimdisk. An appendix containing the manual for the data available online has been added to the previous version of the paper
Clearing Clearplay’s Name: Tracing the Legitimization of Digital Movie Editing Technology
Creators: name: Grown, Nathan
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: By passing the Family Entertainment and Copyright Act of 2005 (“FECA”) on February 1, 2005, Congress resolved an ongoing dispute over whether non-copyright holders may commercially edit movies for home viewing. This Act contains a section called the Family Movie Act, which states that software that enables viewers to mute or skip parts of a movie does not violate the motion picture studios’ copyrights. FECA essentially declares that the handful of companies that develop this software to filter out content have won the battle in conference rooms, court, and the Capitol. This Note traces the history of the edited movie industry and its fight for legitimacy, with special focus on the manufacturers of software that filters out language, violence, and sex during movies. Section II focuses on the development of the edited movie industry, Section III on a recently resolved civil case between edited movie companies and movie directors and studios, and Section IV on resolving the legal issues before the court in this civil case. Section V covers the development and passage of FECA and criticizes the way Congress has handled the edited movie debate while proposing a different approach.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 3: Conference on Two Sided Markets
C-axis critical current of a PrFeAsO0.7 single crystal
Creators: name: Kashiwaya, H.
name: Shirai, K.
name: Matsumoto, T.
name: Shibata, H.
name: Kambara, H.
name: Ishikado, M.
name: Eisaki, H.
name: Iyo, Y.
name: Shamoto, S.
name: Kurosawa, I.
name: Kashiwaya, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The c-axis transport properties of a high-pressure synthesized PrFeAsO0.7 single crystal are studied using s-shaped junctions. Resistivity anisotropy of about 120 detected at 50 K shows the presence of strong anisotropy in the electronic states. The obtained critical current density for the c-axis of 2.9*10^5 A/cm^2 is two orders of magnitude larger than that in Bi2Sr1.6La0.4CuO6+d. The appearance of a hysteresis in the current-voltage curve below T_c is the manifestation of the intrinsic Josephson effect similar to that in cuprate superconductors. The suppression of the critical current-normal resistance (I_cR_n) product is explained by an inspecular transport in s_pm-wave pair potential.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Beneficial effects of GABA-producing potential probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum L18 of human origin on intestinal permeability and human gut microbiota
Creators: name: Kaur, Sumanpreet
name: Sharma, Preeti
name: Mayer, Melinda J.
name: Neuert, Saskia
name: Narbad, Arjan
name: Kaur, Sukhraj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The species name and GenBank accession numbers of fecal lactobacilli isolates used in the study.
Exploring organizational cultures affecting sustainability professionals’ motivation to implement sustainability : a study in Malaysia and Canada
Creators: name: Wan, Kah Mun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Business organizations are increasingly pressured to move beyond conventional sustainable development approaches and embrace transformative change. Within these organizations, internal sustainability change agents play a crucial role in championing sustainability initiatives. These change agents operate within the landscape of organizational cultures, which significantly influence their motivations and actions. This study examines how organizational culture shapes the motivation of sustainability change agents and addresses two research questions: (1) Is there a significant relationship between organizational cultures and the motivation of sustainability professionals to implement sustainability? (2) What organizational culture factors motivate and demotivate sustainability change agents, and how do these factors differ between firms in Canada and Malaysia? To answer these questions, a combination of surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Surveys were collected from 60 sustainability professionals in Canadian firms and 62 in Malaysian firms. Additionally, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 sustainability professionals from Canadian firms and 9 from Malaysian firms. The empirical results reveal a prevailing sense of motivation among sustainability professionals, driven by the nine predefined organizational culture factors. These factors shape organizations' approaches and adaptation strategies to sustainability, influencing the types of challenges faced by sustainability professionals. Notably, organizational culture factors, such as long-term orientation, a unified sustainability goal, and supportive colleagues, consistently motivate sustainability professionals across both countries, underscoring their relevance to sustainability professionals as an occupation, regardless of their specific organizational context or country of origin. The interviews also revealed country-specific motivating factors. In Canadian firms, aspiring to an egalitarian culture, inclusive leadership emerged as a strong motivator. In contrast, Malaysian firms, driven by their collectivist culture, found motivation in top-down approaches and collective efforts aligned with shared values. These findings present opportunities for cross-cultural learning and emphasize the need for context-specific strategies to address the unique challenges faced by sustainability professionals in their respective settings. In conclusion, this study brings attention to the critical role of organizational cultures in motivating sustainability change agents and highlights the significance of organizational culture factors in driving sustainable practices. By understanding these factors, organizations can cultivate a motivated and proactive workforce of sustainability professionals.
A Radio Search For Pulsar Companions To SDSS Low-Mass White Dwarfs
Creators: name: Agueros, Marcel A.
name: Camilo, Fernando
name: Silvestri, Nicole M.
name: Kleinman, S. J.
name: Anderson, Scott F.
name: Liebert, James W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted a search for pulsar companions to 15 low-mass white dwarfs (LMWDs; M < 0.4 M_Sun) at 820 MHz with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope (GBT). These LMWDs were spectroscopically identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), and do not show the photometric excess or spectroscopic signature associated with a companion in their discovery data. However, LMWDs are believed to evolve in binary systems and to have either a more massive WD or a neutron star as a companion. Indeed, evolutionary models of low-mass X-ray binaries, the precursors of millisecond pulsars (MSPs), produce significant numbers of LMWDs (e.g., Benvenuto & De Vito 2005), suggesting that the SDSS LMWDs may have neutron star companions. No convincing pulsar signal is detected in our data. This is consistent with the findings of van Leeuwen et al. (2007), who conducted a GBT search for radio pulsations at 340 MHz from unseen companions to eight SDSS WDs (five are still considered LMWDs; the three others are now classified as "ordinary" WDs). We discuss the constraints our non-detections place on the probability P_MSP that the companion to a given LMWD is a radio pulsar in the context of the luminosity and acceleration limits of our search; we find that P_MSP < 10 +4 -2 %.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, 1 table; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Magnetic order and electronic transport properties in the Mn$_3$Al compound: the role of the structural state
Creators: name: Marchenkov, V. V.
name: Irkhin, V. Yu.
name: Marchenkova, E. B.
name: Semiannikova, A. A.
name: Korenistov, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic transport and magnetic properties of bulk and rapid melt quenched samples of the Mn$_3$Al Heusler alloy were studied. A correlation between the magnetic and structural states was established. For a cast sample, there is no ferromagnetic moment, and the behavior of the magnetic susceptibility (break at low temperatures and the Curie-Weiss law with high values of the paramagnetic Curie temperature) indicates a frustrated antiferromagnetic state. At the same time, for a rapid melt quenched sample, a ferrimagnetic state is observed with a moment close to compensation. The results of measurements of the electrical resistivity and the Hall effect evidence as well in favor of the implementation of these magnetic states.
description: 8 pages, pdf only
Multilateral Interchange Fees Under E.U. Antitrust Law: A One-Sided View on a Two-Sided Market?
Creators: name: Gyselen, Luc
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: Many payment systems, whether set up for the purpose of handling remote payments (e.g., debit or credit transfers) or for face-to-face payments (e.g., debit, charge or credit card transactions), contain interchange fee arrangements. In card payment systems, the merchant/creditor’s bank often must pay a uniform fee to the cardholder/debtor’s bank for handling the payment. In addition, cardholders frequently encounter interchange fees when withdrawing cash from automated teller machines (“ATMs”) operated by another bank. In this three-party situation, the cardholder’s bank pays the fee to the ATM-operating bank. An interchange fee arrangement is multilateral when all banks participating in a given payment system–often hundreds or thousands of them– have agreed upon an interchange fee ex ante (i.e., when they join that system). The European Commission (“Commission”) has consistently taken the view that multilateral interchange fees (“MIFs”) restrict competition because they produce a “knock-on” effect in the bank-customer relationship. According to the Commission, this occurs because the bank that pays the interchange fee typically passes this cost along to its customers. In a credit card system like Visa International’s (“Visa”), the merchant’s bank (hereinafter the “acquiring bank”) will pay the MIF to the card-issuing bank and pass the cost along to the merchant. In its Visa International decision, the Commission concluded that, due to this “knock-on” effect, Visa’s original MIF for cross-border card payments restricted competition within the meaning of the first paragraph of Article 81 of the European Community (“EC”) Treaty (“Art. 81-1 EC”). However, pursuant to the third paragraph of Article 81 of the EC Treaty (“Art. 81-3 EC”), the Commission permitted Visa’s amended MIF because it: (i) contributed to “technical and economic progress;” (ii) enabled consumers to receive a “fair share of the resulting benefit;” (iii) was “indispensable to the attainment of these objectives;” and (iv) did not afford banks “the possibility of eliminating competition in respect of a substantial part of the products in question.” Put another way, the Commission believed that the amended MIF did not substantially lessen competition. This Article attempts to explain the Commission’s legal reasoning in Visa International against the somewhat idiosyncratic, dualist structure of Article 81 of the EC Treaty (“Art. 81 EC”). It comments on the Commission’s theory of harm and concludes that this theory is a narrow one, but that the Commission may develop, refine, or revise it following further fact-finding, which is currently underway within the framework of its sector inquiry.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 3: Conference on Two Sided Markets
Multi-wavelength observations and modelling of a canonical solar flare
Creators: name: Raftery, Claire L.
name: Gallagher, Peter T.
name: Milligan, Ryan O.
name: Klimchuk, James A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the temporal evolution of temperature, emission measure, energy loss and velocity in a C-class solar flare from both an observational and theoretical perspective. The properties of the flare were derived by following the systematic cooling of the plasma through the response functions of a number of instruments -- RHESSI (>5 MK), GOES-12 (5-30 MK), TRACE 171 A (1 MK) and SOHO/CDS (~0.03-8 MK). These measurements were studied in combination with simulations from the 0-D EBTEL model. At the flare on-set, upflows of ~90 km s-1 and low level emission were observed in Fe XIX, consistent with pre-flare heating and gentle chromospheric evaporation. During the impulsive phase, upflows of ~80 km s-1 in Fe XIX and simultaneous downflows of 20 km s-1 in He I and O V were observed, indicating explosive chromospheric evaporation. The plasma was subsequently found to reach a peak temperature of ~13 MK in approximately 10 minutes. Using EBTEL, conduction was found to be the dominant loss mechanism during the initial ~300s of the decay phase. It was also found to be responsible for driving gentle chromospheric evaporation during this period. As the temperature fell below ~8 MK, and for the next ~4,000s, radiative losses were determined to dominate over conductive losses. The radiative loss phase was accompanied by significant downflows of <40 km s-1 in O V. This is the first extensive study of the evolution of a canonical solar flare using both spectroscopic and broad-band instruments in conjunction with a hydrodynamic model. While our results are in broad agreement with the standard flare model, the simulations suggest that both conductive and non-thermal beam heating play important roles in heating the flare plasma during the impulsive phase of at least this event.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Linear independence of nearest neighbor valence bond states on the kagome lattice and construction of SU(2)-invariant spin-1/2-Hamiltonian with a Sutherland-Rokhsar-Kivelson quantum liquid ground state
Creators: name: Seidel, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of local SU(2)-invariant spin-1/2 Hamiltonians is studied that has ground states within the space of nearest neighbor valence bond states on the kagome lattice. Cases include "generalized Klein'' models without obvious non-valence bond ground states, as well as a "resonating-valence-bond" Hamiltonian whose unique ground states within the nearest neighbor valence bond space are four topologically degenerate "Sutherland-Rokhsar-Kivelson'' (SRK) type wavefunctions, which are expected to describe a gapped $\mathbb{Z}_2$ spin liquid. The proof of this uniqueness is intimately related to the linear independence of the nearest neighbor valence bond states on quite general and arbitrarily large kagome lattices, which is also established in this work. It is argued that the SRK ground states are also unique within the entire Hilbert space, depending on properties of the generalized Klein models. Applications of the strategies developed in this work to other lattice types are also discussed.
description: published version, many references added, some typos corrected
Defining Antitrust Markets When Firms Operate Two-Sided Platforms
Creators: name: Evans, David S.
name: Noel, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: Two-sided platforms (2SPs) cater to two or more distinct groups of customers. As we will explore, members of one customer group need members of the other group for a variety of reasons. The platform helps these customers get together in many ways and thereby creates value for these customers that they could not readily obtain without the coordination that the platform provides. Today, 2SPs are the dominant form of business organization in a wide variety of industries, including many economically significant ones. Well-known examples are American Express (travelers’ checks and charge cards), Google (search engine-based portal), the New York Stock Exchange (buyers and sellers), and Microsoft (software platforms). The antitrust issues that can arise for 2SPs are similar to those for traditional businesses. Members of these platforms can conspire to fix prices, to acquire market power through mergers, and attempt to obtain or to perpetuate monopoly power through the usual panoply of unilateral practices. However, the standard tools of analysis may need to be modified to fit these 2SP businesses. This Article focuses on defining relevant markets and assessing market power when the subjects of antitrust analysis include 2SPs. The fact that 2SPs compete simultaneously for two distinct customer groups has three ramifications. First, focusing on one dimension of this competition tends to distort the competition that actually exists among firms. Second, market definition is supposed to identify the constraints on pricing and other business decisions. Changing the price for one set of customers affects the demand of the other set of customers, which in turn has a feedback effect on the demand of the first set of customers. The interdependencies between the two customer groups may provide an economically important constraint, yet this is ultimately an empirical issue. Third, the possibility of obtaining supracompetitive profits through certain business actions depends on the relationship between the two sides due to their interlinked demand and the nature of the competition on both sides. Profits on one side can be dissipated on the other side. That possibility affects the analysis of incentives and the sorts of anticompetitive practices that make business sense.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 3: Conference on Two Sided Markets
Additional file 1 of Healthcare providers’ knowledge and clinical practice surrounding shigellosis — DocStyles Survey, 2020
Creators: name: Haston, Julia C.
name: Ford, Laura
name: Vanden Esschert, Kayla L.
name: Plumb, Ian D.
name: Logan, Naeemah
name: Francois Watkins, Louise K.
name: Garcia-Williams, Amanda G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Transaction Costs, Externalities, and “Two-Sided” Payment Markets
Creators: name: Carlton, Dennis W.
name: Frankel, Alan S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2005

description: Recent study of two-sided markets has generated a rapidly growing and technically complicated body of literature. As we will describe more precisely in this article, a two-sided market is one in which externalities exist amongst market participants. Domestic and international antitrust litigation and regulation involving payment system networks, such as those operated by the MasterCard and Visa bank joint ventures, have contributed to the increased interest in two-sided markets. Central to the issues being litigated are the collective establishment of policies, such as “no-surcharge rules,” that govern how retail merchants may set prices and the setting of transfer payments (“interchange fees”) between the members of the payment system networks. In this paper, we review the fundamental economic forces that underlie two-sided markets and then discuss how these forces relate to current debates over the competitive effects of certain collective policies, such as the setting of interchange fees. Visa, MasterCard, and some economists have put forward pro-competitive justifications for these policies based on the “two-sidedness” of payment systems. We pose and discuss a series of questions that probe the empirical and policy relevance of these justifications.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2005 No. 3: Conference on Two Sided Markets
Conceptual Model for Communication
Creators: name: Fedaghi, Sabah Al
name: Alsaqa, Alaa
name: Fadel, Zahraa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A variety of idealized models of communication systems exist, and all may have something in common. Starting with Shannons communication model and ending with the OSI model, this paper presents progressively more advanced forms of modeling of communication systems by tying communication models together based on the notion of flow. The basic communication process is divided into different spheres (sources, channels, and destinations), each with its own five interior stages, receiving, processing, creating, releasing, and transferring of information. The flow of information is ontologically distinguished from the flow of physical signals, accordingly, Shannons model, network based OSI models, and TCP IP are redesigned.
description: 13 pages IEEE format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS November 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
Re-verification of a Lip Synchronization Protocol using Robust Reachability
Creators: name: Kordy, Piotr
name: Langerak, Rom
name: Polderman, Jan Willem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The timed automata formalism is an important model for specifying and analysing real-time systems. Robustness is the correctness of the model in the presence of small drifts on clocks or imprecision in testing guards. A symbolic algorithm for the analysis of the robustness of timed automata has been implemented. In this paper, we re-analyse an industrial case lip synchronization protocol using the new robust reachability algorithm. This lip synchronization protocol is an interesting case because timing aspects are crucial for the correctness of the protocol. Several versions of the model are considered: with an ideal video stream, with anchored jitter, and with non-anchored jitter.