cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Steam Rankine cycle instead of organic Rankine cycle for distributed high temperature waste heat recovery – pros and cons
Creators: name: Raab, Florian
name: Klein, Harald
name: Opferkuch, Frank
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021

description: The Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) can be operated with various working fluids, all of which have different advantages and disadvantages. This paper compares the pros and cons of a Steam Rankine Cycle (SRC) using water as working fluid to an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) using an organic fluid as working fluid for distributed, high-temperature WHR of a stationary Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in the lower power range. The comparison in this paper is made on the basis of thermodynamic, safety, plant engineering and operational aspects. While organic liquids have disadvantages in the areas of occupational safety, environmental protection and thermal stability, water in Rankine Cycle systems only reaches a comparable efficiency at higher heat source temperatures, and thus at higher live steam temperatures. Additionally, water poses apparatus-technical challenges in the steam generator and the turbine due to the comparatively high evaporation enthalpy and the volume change during phase transition. The thermodynamic parameters within the SRC, the internal consumption and the effects of the integration of an Internal Heat Exchanger (IHX) are compared with ORC plants, depending on the heat source temperature. Differences in the operation of these cycles as well as influences of the fluids on the plant design and costs are described. Finally, industrial applications are discussed in which the SRC could be preferred to the ORC taking into account all relevant aspects. To support these analyses, the thermodynamic design parameters, measurements, experience in apparatus design, as well as operating experience from the SRC pilot plant "MicroRankine" of the TH Nürnberg are applied
Additional file 1 of Nitric oxide mediates red light-induced perylenequinone production in Shiraia mycelium culture
Creators: name: Wang, Wen Juan
name: Li, Xin Ping
name: Shen, Wen Hao
name: Huang, Qun Yan
name: Cong, Rui Peng
name: Zheng, Li Ping
name: Wang, Jian Wen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers and relevant information of reference and target genes. F: forward primer, R: reverse primer. Fig. S1. HPLC chromatograms of PQ standards. 1. elsinochrome C; 2. elsinochrome B; 3. hypocrellins C; 4. elsinochrome A; 5. hypocrellins A. Fig. S2. Effects of red light on the pH value (A) and residual sugar (B) in Shiraia sp. S9. The culture was maintained in a 150 mL flask containing 50 mL medium at 28℃ and 150 r/min under the dark or red light treatment. The intensity of red light (627 nm) was 200 lx. Values are mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Fig. S3. Effects of different concentrations of SNP under red light treatment on biomass (A), HA content in mycelium (B), the released HA in cultural broth (C) and total HA production (D) of Shiraia sp. S9. The culture was maintained in a 150 mL flask containing 50 mL medium at 150 r/min and 28℃ under the dark or red light treatment for 8 days. The intensity of red light (627 nm) was 200 lx. SNP (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM) were added 30 min prior to the red light treatment. Values are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (*p< 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. control. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. red light treatment). Fig. S4. Effects of addition time of SNP (5 μM) under red light treatment on HA production of Shiraia sp. S9. The fungal dry biomass (A), HA content in mycelium (B), the released HA in cultural broth (C) and total HA production (D) in liquid culture. The culture was maintained in a 150 mL flask containing 50 mL medium at 150 r/min and 28℃ under the dark or red light treatment for 8 days. The intensity of red light (627 nm) was 200 lx. SNP (5 μM) was added on day 1-5 of culture, 30 min prior to the red light treatment. Values are mean ± SD from three independent experiments (*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. control. #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. red light treatment).
Charge-Separated Atmospheric Neutrino-Induced Muons in the MINOS Far Detector
Creators: name: MINOS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found 140 neutrino-induced muons in 854.24 live days in the MINOS far detector. We looked for evidence of neutrino disappearance in this data set by computing the ratio of the number of low momentum muons to the sum of the number of high momentum and unknown momentum muons for both data and Monte Carlo expectation in the absence of neutrino oscillations. The ratio of data and Monte Carlo ratios is consistent with an oscillation signal. A fit to the data for the oscillation parameters excludes the null oscillation hypothesis at the 94% confidence level. We separated the muons by charge sign in both the data and Monte Carlo events and found the ratio of the total number of negative to positive muons in both samples. The ratio of those ratios is a test of CPT conservation. The result is consistent with CPT conservation.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures
On Forging SPHINCS$^{+}$-Haraka Signatures on a Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computer
Creators: name: Berger, Robin M.
name: Tiepelt, Marcel
Publisher: name: Springer International Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: post-quantum cryptography
quantum implementation
resource estimation
cryptanalysis

description: SPHINCS$^{+}$ is a state-of-the-art hash based signature scheme, the security of which is either based on SHA-256, SHAKE-256 or on the Haraka hash function. In this work, we perform an in-depth analysis of how the hash functions are embedded into SPHINCS$^+$ and how the quantum pre-image resistance impacts the security of the signature scheme. Subsequently, we evaluate the cost of implementing Grover’s quantum search algorithm to find a pre-image that admits a universal forgery. In particular, we provide quantum implementations of the Haraka and SHAKE-256 hash functions in Q# and consider the efficiency of attacks in the context of fault-tolerant quantum computers. We restrict our findings to SPHINCS$^+$-128 due to the limited security margin of Haraka. Nevertheless, we present an attack that performs better, to the best of our knowledge, than previously published attacks. We can forge a SPHINCS$^+$-128-Haraka signature in about $1.5\cdot 2^{90}$ surface code cycles and $2.03\cdot 10^6$ physical qubits, translating to about $1.55\cdot 2^{101}$ logical-qubit-cycles. For SHAKE-256, the same attack requires $8.65\cdot 10^6$ qubits and $1.6\cdot 2^{84}$ cycles resulting in about $2.65\cdot 2^{99}$ logical-qubit-cycles.
Strong-field spatial interference in a tailored electromagnetic bath
Creators: name: Macovei, M.
name: Evers, J.
name: Li, G. -x.
name: Keitel, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light scattered by a regular structure of atoms can exhibit interference signatures, similar to the classical double-slit. These first-order interferences, however, vanish for strong light intensities, restricting potential applications. Here, we show how to overcome these limitations to quantum interference in strong fields. First, we recover the first-order interference in strong fields via a tailored electromagnetic bath with a suitable frequency dependence. At strong driving, the optical properties for different spectral bands are distinct, thus extending the set of observables. We further show that for a two-photon detector as, e.g., in lithography, increasing the field intensity leads to twice the spatial resolution of the second-order interference pattern compared to the weak-field case.
description: final version
Super Star Clusters in the Central Starburst of NGC 4945
Creators: name: Emig, Kimberly L.
name: Bolatto, Alberto D.
name: Leroy, Adam K.
name: Mills, Elisabeth A. C.
name: Donaire, Maria J. Jimenez
name: Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
name: Ginsburg, Adam
name: Gorski, Mark
name: Krieger, Nico
name: Levy, Rebecca C.
name: Meier, David S.
name: Ott, Jurgen
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Thompson, Todd A.
name: Veilleux, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 4945 is a nearby (3.8 Mpc) galaxy hosting a nuclear starburst and Seyfert Type 2 AGN. We use the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to image the 93 GHz (3.2 mm) free-free continuum and hydrogen recombination line emission (H40$α$ and H42$α$) at 2.2 pc (0.12'') resolution. Our observations reveal 27 bright, compact sources with FWHM sizes of 1.4 - 4.0 pc, which we identify as candidate super star clusters. Recombination line emission, tracing the ionizing photon rate of the candidate clusters, is detected in 15 sources, 6 of which have a significant synchrotron component to the 93 GHz continuum. Adopting an age of ~5 Myr, the stellar masses implied by the ionizing photon luminosities are $\log_{10}$($M_{\star}$/M$_{\odot}$) $\approx$ 4.7 - 6.1. We fit a slope to the cluster mass distribution and find $β= -1.8 \pm 0.4$. The gas masses associated with these clusters, derived from the dust continuum at 350 GHz, are typically an order of magnitude lower than the stellar mass. These candidate clusters appear to have already converted a large fraction of their dense natal material into stars and, given their small free-fall times of ~0.05 Myr, are surviving an early volatile phase. We identify a point-like source in 93 GHz continuum emission which is presumed to be the AGN. We do not detect recombination line emission from the AGN and place an upper limit on the ionizing photons which leak into the starburst region of $Q_0 < 10^{52}$ s$^{-1}$.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ. 27 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables
Self-consistent Langmuir waves in resonantly driven thermal plasmas
Creators: name: Lindberg, R. R.
name: Charman, A. E.
name: Wurtele, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The longitudinal dynamics of a resonantly driven Langmuir wave are analyzed in the limit that the growth of the electrostatic wave is slow compared to the bounce frequency. Using simple physical arguments, the nonlinear distribution function is shown to be nearly gaussian in the canonical particle action, with a slowly evolving mean and fixed variance. Self-consistency with the electrostatic potential provide the basic properties of the nonlinear distribution function including a frequency shift that agrees well with driven, electrostatic particle simulations. This extends earlier work on nonlinear Langmuir waves by Morales and O'Neil [G. J. Morales and T. M. O'Neil, Phys. Rev. Lett. 28, 417 (1972)], and could form the basis of a reduced kinetic treatment of Raman backscatter in a plasma.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Physics of Plasmas
Shake-induced order in nanosphere systems
Creators: name: Jarai-Szabo, F.
name: Neda, Z.
name: Astilean, S.
name: Farcau, C.
name: Kuttesch, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-assembled patterns obtained from a drying nanosphere suspension are investigated by computer simulations and simple experiments. Motivated by the earlier experimental results of Sasaki and Hane and Schope, we confirm that more ordered triangular lattice structures can be obtained whenever a moderate intensity random shaking is applied on the drying system. Computer simulations are realized on an improved version of a recently elaborated Burridge-Knopoff-type model. Experiments are made following the setup of Sasaki and Hane, using ultrasonic radiation as source for controlled shaking.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
Searching for annihilation radiation from SN 1006 with SPI on INTEGRAL
Creators: name: Kalemci, E.
name: Boggs, S. E.
name: Milne, P. A.
name: Reynolds, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Historical Type Ia supernovae are a leading candidate for the source of positrons observed through their diffuse annihilation emission in the Galaxy. However, search for annihilation emission from individual Type Ia supernovae has not been possible before the improved sensitivity of \integral. The total 511 keV annihilation flux from individual SNe Ia, as well as their contribution to the overall diffuse emission, depends critically on the escape fraction of positrons produced in $^{56}$Co decays. Late optical light curves suggest that this fraction may be as high as 5%. We searched for positron annihilation radiation from the historical Type Ia supernova SN 1006 using the SPI instrument on \integral. We did not detect significant 511 keV line emission, with a 3$σ$ flux upper limit of 0.59 x 10$^{-4}$ ergs cm^-2 s^-1 for \wsim 1 Msec exposure time, assuming a FWHM of 2.5 keV. This upper limit corresponds to a 7.5% escape fraction, 50% higher than the expected 5% escape scenario, and rules out the possibility that Type Ia supernovae produce all of the positrons in the Galaxy (~ 12% escape fraction), if the mean positron lifetime is less than 10$^{5}$ years. Future observations with \integral will provide stronger limits on the escape fraction of positrons, the mean positron lifetime, and the contribution of Type Ia supernovae to the overall positron content of the Galaxy.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Resolving Tensions Surrounding Massive Pulleys
Creators: name: Durian, D. J.
name: Kroll, J.
name: Mele, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of string tension on the contact line between an ideal string and a massive pulley is a frequently-discussed but incompletely-posed problem that confronts students in introductory mechanics. We highlight ambiguities in the usual presentation of this problem by the massive Atwood's machine and discuss two compact resolutions that treat situations where the pulley or the string elastically deform. We propose experiments that can be developed in an intermediate laboratory to determine the tension profile.
description: American Journal of Physics (in press): pdfLaTeX: 8 pages, 6 figures
La competitività industriale nell’Unione Europea: un confronto tra l’Italia e i Paesi dell’Europa orientale
Creators: name: Ricci, Andrea
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Industrial Competitiveness; European Union; Unit Labor Cost; Purchasing Power Parity; Exchange Rates; Euro

description: During the crisis the Italian industry suffered a sharp contraction of output and employment. An opposite trend showed the New Member States (NMS) in Eastern Europe, to which continued the process of industrial relocation of Italian firms. The analysis of Unit Labor Cost (ULC), measured in Purchasing Power Parity, shows that this competitive gap stems from two factors. The first is of real character and relates to the low growth of labor productivity in the Italian industry. The second factor is of a monetary nature and relates to the undervaluation of the exchange rate of the currencies of the NMS with the euro.
JEL Classification: F41; F14; F31; E24.

Keywords:
description: Argomenti, N° 1 (2015): maggio-agosto
Efficient algorithms for diffusion-generated motion by mean curvature
Creators: name: Ruuth, Steven J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis considers the problem of simulating the motion of evolving surfaces with a normal velocity equal to mean curvature plus a constant. Such motions arise in a variety of applications. A general method for this purpose was proposed by Merriman, Bence and Osher, and consists of alternately diffusing and sharpening the front in a certain manner. This method (referred to as the MBO-method) naturally handles complicated topological changes with junctions in several dimensions. However, the usual finite dif-ference discretization of the method is often exceedingly slow when accurate results are sought, especially in three spatial dimensions. We propose a new, spectral discretization of the MBO-method which obtains greatly improved efficiency over the usual finite difference approach. These efficiency gains are obtained, in part, through the use of a quadrature-based refinement technique, by in-tegrating Fourier modes exactly, and by neglecting the contribution of rapidly decaying solution transients. The resulting method provides a practical tool, not available hitherto, for accurately treating the motion by mean curvature of complicated surfaces with junc-tions. Indeed, we present numerical studies which demonstrate that the new algorithm is often more than 1000 times faster than the usual finite difference discretization. New analytic and experimental results are also developed to explain important prop-erties of the MBO-method such as the order of the approximation error. Extrapolated algorithms, not possible when using the usual finite difference discretization, are proposed and demonstrated to achieve more accurate results. We apply our new, spectral method to simulate the motion of a number of three dimensional surfaces with junctions, and we visualize the results. We also propose and study a simple extension of our method to a nonlocal curvature model which is impractical to treat using the previously available finite difference discretization.
Numerical investigation of flow field and structure of a micro-axial turbine of ORC using R245fa
Creators: name: Li, Yi-Chen
name: Hung-Chun Hsu
name: Jui-Ching Hsieh
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021

description: Environmental damage has been gradually increasing over the past few decades owing to industrialization. In many countries, attempts have been made to reduce carbon emissions by employing energy-saving and sustainability methods, such as waste heat recovery and renewable energy, respectively. For low-grade waste heat recovery, the organic Rankine cycle is a typical thermo-electric conversion system. In the present study, a thermodynamic analysis showed that the output power, working fluid mass flow rate, inlet temperature, and inlet and outlet pressures of a turbo-expander were 12.57 kW, 1.6 kg/s, 70 ℃, 0.53 MPa, and 0.267 MPa, respectively. Moreover, the one- and three-dimensional geometries of the turbo-expander were analyzed by using aerodynamic and computational fluid dynamics software, respectively. Additionally, the effect of the tip clearance between the blade tip and casing on the performance, stress, and strain of the blade was investigated, and the tip clearance was varied from 0% to 10%, at an interval of 5%. The results showed that as the tip clearance increased, the shaft power, isentropic efficiency, stress, and strain decreased. In addition, the effect of the tip clearance on the isentropic efficiency and structure was higher in the range of 0-5% than that in the range of 5-10%. Finally, when the tip clearance was 5%, the shaft power and isentropic efficiency were 14.87 kW and 61.12%, respectively
Implementing Dimer Metadynamics using GROMACS
Creators: name: Nava, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Gromacs implementation of Dimer Metadynamics[JCTC 13, 425 (2017)] for enhanced sampling through artificial delocalization effects. This implementation is based entirely on a Plumed collective variable developed for this purpose, the fine tuning of Gromacs input parameters, modified forcefields and custom non-bonded interactions. We demonstrate this implementation on Alanine Dipeptide in vacuum and in water, and on the 12-residue Alanine Polypeptide in water and compare the results with a standard multiple-replica technique such as Parallel Tempering. In all the considered cases this comparison is consistent and the results with Dimer Metadynamics are smoother and require shorter simulations, thus proving the consistency and effectiveness of this Gromacs implementation.
Additional file 1 of Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare utilization among older adults with cardiovascular diseases and multimorbidity in Indonesia: an interrupted time-series analysis
Creators: name: Ramadani, Royasia Viki
name: Svensson, Mikael
name: Hassler, Sven
name: Hidayat, Budi
name: Ng, Nawi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Hierarchy of NHI data structure 2016-2020: inclusion and exclusion criteria. Figure S2. Indonesian map with 5 regions based on the national health insurance tariff group. Table S1. List of ICD-10 codes for noncommunicable diseases. Figure S3. Monthly hospital inpatient rates before and during COVID-19 at the national level (2016-2020). Table S2. Difference in the mean estimate of COVID-19’s effect (IRR) on monthly visit rates by a group of diagnosis and patients with CVDs and multimorbidity by regions. Figure S4. Monthly primary healthcare outpatient visit rates before and during COVID-19 across groups of diagnosis at the national level (2016-2020). *Interrupted Time Series Analysis in five diagnosis groups. Figure S5. Monthly primary healthcare outpatient visit rates among patients with CVDs and multimorbidity before and during COVID-19 across regions in Indonesia. Interrupted time series analysis stratified by five regions in Indonesia. The regions are listed under supplementary Figure S2.
Benefits of Artificially Generated Gravity Gradients for Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Detectors
Creators: name: Matone, L.
name: Raffai, P.
name: Marka, S.
name: Grossman, R.
name: Kalmus, P.
name: Marka, Z.
name: Rollins, J.
name: Sannibale, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach to experimentally evaluate gravity gradient noise, a potentially limiting noise source in advanced interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors. In addition, the method can be used to provide sub-percent calibration in phase and amplitude of modern interferometric GW detectors. Knowledge of calibration to such certainties shall enhance the scientific output of the instruments in case of an eventual detection of GWs. The method relies on a rotating symmetrical two-body mass, a Dynamic gravity Field Generator (DFG). The placement of the DFG in the proximity of one of the interferometer's suspended test masses generates a change in the local gravitational field detectable with current interferometric GW detectors.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures
Twist angle effects on the dynamic response of in-plane-switching liquid crystal displays
Creators: name: Sun, Yubao
name: Ma, Hongmei
name: Zhang, Zhidong
name: Zhu, Xinyu
name: Wu, Shin-Tson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twist angle effect on the response time of in-plane-switching liquid crystal displays are analyzed. We propose a device configuration whose top and bottom boundary liquid crystal layers are symmetric to each other with respect to the electric field direction. The analytical results of this device configuration indicate that the response time is improved at least 4X faster than that of a conventional in-plane-switching twisted-nematic mode and normal in-plane-switching mode.
description: 12 Pages, 3 Figures. will be appeared in Appl. Phys. Lett
Restyling Images with the Bangladeshi Paintings Using Neural Style Transfer: A Comprehensive Experiment, Evaluation, and Human Perspective
Creators: name: Manal
name: Linkon, Ali Hasan Md.
name: Labib, Md. Mahir
name: Marium-E-Jannat
name: Islam, Md Saiful
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In today's world, Neural Style Transfer (NST) has become a trendsetting term. NST combines two pictures, a content picture and a reference image in style (such as the work of a renowned painter) in a way that makes the output image look like an image of the material, but rendered with the form of a reference picture. However, there is no study using the artwork or painting of Bangladeshi painters. Bangladeshi painting has a long history of more than two thousand years and is still being practiced by Bangladeshi painters. This study generates NST stylized image on Bangladeshi paintings and analyzes the human point of view regarding the aesthetic preference of NST on Bangladeshi paintings. To assure our study's acceptance, we performed qualitative human evaluations on generated stylized images by 60 individual humans of different age and gender groups. We have explained how NST works for Bangladeshi paintings and assess NST algorithms, both qualitatively \& quantitatively. Our study acts as a pre-requisite for the impact of NST stylized image using Bangladeshi paintings on mobile UI/GUI and material translation from the human perspective. We hope that this study will encourage new collaborations to create more NST related studies and expand the use of Bangladeshi artworks.
description: 6 pages
Exploiting the width difference in B_s -> phi gamma
Creators: name: Muheim, Franz
name: Xie, Yuehong
name: Zwicky, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The photon polarization in B -> V gamma is a sensitive probe of right-handed currents. In the time dependent decay rate of B_s -> phi gamma the coefficients S and H in front of the sin(Delta m_s t) and the sinh(Delta Gamma_s /2 t) terms are sensitive to those right-handed currents. As compared to the B_d system there is a sizable width difference in B_s mesons which leads to the additional measurable observable H. We show with a Monte Carlo simulation that the expected resolution on S and H will be about 0.15 at the LHCb experiment for Delta Gamma_s/Gamma_s = 0.15 and a data sample of 2 fb^{-1}. We also show that the observable H can be measured from the untagged decay rate of B_s mesons which has considerable experimental advantages as no flavour tag will be required. The resolution on H is inversely proportional to the B_s width difference Delta Gamma_s. These experimental prospects have to be compared with the Standard Model predictions S_{phi gamma} = 0 \pm 0.002 and H_{phi γ} = 0.047 \pm 0.025+0.015 presented in this paper. We also give the Standard Model prediction and the experimental sensitivity for the direct CP asymmetry in B_s -> phi gamma.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Quality of life and its predictors among patients with metastatic cancer in Bangladesh: the APPROACH survey
Creators: name: Rahman, Rubayat
name: Mariam, Lubna
name: Su, Rebecca
name: Malhotra, Chetna
name: Ozdemir, Semra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1: Survey Questions Used in the Paper
Launch and first experimental results of a reversible heat pump-ORC pilot plant as Carnot Battery
Creators: name: Steger, Daniel
name: Karl, Jürgen
name: Schlücker, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021

description: Carnot Batteries are a promising approach to store electrical energy in base-load scale. To study the reversible combination of a heat pump cycle and an organic Rankine cycle as Carnot Battery a pilot plant was designed, constructed and launched. With a designed power consumption of 15 kWel at the HP-compressor, a power generation of 9 kWel at the ORC-expander and a storage capacity of 270 kWhth the pilot plant allows predictions for big scale application of the technology already. It enables a steady state operation over several hours of charging and discharging as well as a closer look at start-up behavior and part-load issues. The operation brings new insight at the previous considerations regarding reversible use. This paper shows the launch of the pilot plant and gives the first experimental results. It summarizes the design aspects and evaluates them with experimental data to close the gap between theoretical studies and industry scale solutions. The experiments showed the working fluid collector vessel has a positive influence on stabilizing the heat pump process and adapting to the ORC process. The behavior of the lubrication oil flow is depending on several operation properties. The non-stationary start-up of both operation modes and the interaction of several process parameters are presented..
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance
Creators: name: Arraut, Ivan
name: Au, Alan
name: Tse, Alan Ching-biu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We analyze the phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking in Quantum Finance by using as a starting point the Black-Scholes (BS) and the Merton-Garman (MG) equations expressed in the Hamiltonian form. In this scenario the martingale condition (state) corresponds to the vacuum state which becomes degenerate when the symmetry of the system is spontaneously broken. We then analyze the broken symmetries of the system and we interpret from the perspective of Financial markets the possible appearance of the Nambu-Goldstone bosons.
description: 7 pages, published in EPL
Human Mat2A uses an ordered kinetic mechanism and is stabilized but not regulated by Mat2B.
Creators: name: Bailey, Jonathan
name: Douglas, Holly
name: Masino, Laura
name: de Carvalho, Luiz Pedro Sorio
name: Argyrou, Argyrides
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biochemistry & Proteomics
Genetics & Genomics
Structural Biology & Biophysics
Chemical Biology & High Throughput
Infectious Disease
Ecology,Evolution & Ethology
Metabolism
Computational & Systems Biology

description: Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) catalyzes the adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and l-methionine (l-Met) dependent formation of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), the principal methyl donor of most biological transmethylation reactions. We carried out in-depth kinetic studies to further understand its mechanism and interaction with a potential regulator, Mat2B. The initial velocity pattern and results of product inhibition by SAM, phosphate, and pyrophosphate, and dead-end inhibition by the l-Met analog cycloleucine (l-cLeu) suggest that Mat2A follows a strictly ordered kinetic mechanism where ATP binds before l-Met and with SAM released prior to random release of phosphate and pyrophosphate. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) showed binding of ATP to Mat2A with a Kd of 80 ± 30 μM, which is close to the Km(ATP) of 50 ± 10 μM. In contrast, l-Met or l-cLeu showed no binding to Mat2A in the absence of ATP; however, binding to l-cLeu was observed in the presence of ATP. The ITC results are fully consistent with the product and dead-inhibition results obtained. We also carried out kinetic studies in the presence of the physiological regulator Mat2B. Under conditions where all Mat2A is found in complex with Mat2B, no significant change in the kinetic parameters was observed despite confirmation of a very high binding affinity of Mat2A to Mat2B (Kd of 6 ± 1 nM). Finally, we found that while Mat2A is unstable at low concentrations (<100 nM), rapidly losing activity at 37 °C, it retained full activity for at least 2 h when Mat2B was present at the known 2:1 Mat2A/Mat2B stoichiometry.
Spin Hall Conductance of the Two Dimensional Hole Gas in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Ma, Tianxing
name: Liu, Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The charge and spin Hall conductance of the two-dimensional hole gas within the Luttinger model with and without inversion symmetry breaking terms in a perpendicular magnetic field are studied, and two key phenomena are predicted. The sign of the spin Hall conductance is modulated periodically by the external magnetic field, which means a possible application in the future. Furthermore, a resonant spin Hall conductance in the two-dimensional hole gas with a certain hole density at a typical magnetic field is indicated, which implies a likely way to firmly establish the intrinsic spin Hall effect. The charge Hall conductance is unaffected by the spin-orbit coupling.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B; 6 pages, 4 figures
Surface imaging of inelastic Friedel oscillations
Creators: name: Fransson, J.
name: Balatsky, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impurities that are present on the surface of a metal often have internal degrees of freedom. Inelastic scattering due to impurities can be revealed by observing local features seen in the tunneling current with scanning tunneling microscope (STM). We consider localized vibrational modes coupled to the electronic structure of a surface. We argue that vibrational modes of impurities produce Fermi momentum $k_F$ oscillations in second derivative of current with respect to voltage $\partial^2I(\br, V)/\partial V^2$. These oscillations are similar to the well known Friedel oscillations of screening charge on the surface. We propose to measure inelastic scattering generated by the presence of the vibrational modes with STM by imaging the $\partial^2I/\partial V^2$ oscillations on the metal surface.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures; submitted; new version with minor modifications to match the published paper
Theoretical and practical challenges of using three ammeter or tree voltmeter methods in teaching
Creators: name: Simovic, V.
name: Alajbeg, T.
name: Curkovic, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The tree ammeter method and the three voltmeter method are used for measurements of power. More specifically, they are used to calculate the power factor of a specific load. Both methods are used on the Fundamentals of electrical engineering course in professional study of electrical engineering at the Zagreb University of Applied Sciences as an introduction to measurements of power and phasor arithmetic. Both methods are susceptible to accuracy problems caused by small errors in measuring devices. These accuracy problems in specific scenarios that were used during the course presented an opportunity to educate students on the difference of theory and its practical application. This paper examines our solution to the perceived accuracy problems and discusses the changes that were made in course material and teaching methods to highlight the difference between theory and practice.
Numerical solution of a control problem in economics
Creators: name: Han, Bing
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis applies a numerical technique to a central bank control problem. The bank tries to control the inflation by influencing the nominal interest rates using the bank rates. The mathematical model is a two-dimensional singular control problem. The numerical method used is the Markov chain approximation method. We compute the optimal control and have some heuristic discussion on the convergence of the numerical method. Then we estimate the parameters in our model by the method of moments. We analyze the results from computing the control in the model with the estimated parameters and an economic interpretation is given.
Anderson localization in fractional quantum Hall effect
Creators: name: Pu, Songyang
name: Sreejith, G. J.
name: Jain, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between interaction and disorder-induced localization is of fundamental interest. This article addresses localization physics in the fractional quantum Hall state, where both interaction and disorder have nonperturbative consequences. We provide compelling theoretical evidence that the localization of a single quasiparticle of the fractional quantum Hall state at filling factor $ν=n/(2n+1)$ has a striking {\it quantitative} correspondence to the localization of a single electron in the $(n+1)$th Landau level. By analogy to the dramatic experimental manifestations of Anderson localization in integer quantum Hall effect, this leads to predictions in the fractional quantum Hall regime regarding the existence of extended states at a critical energy, and the nature of the divergence of the localization length as this energy is approached. Within a mean field approximation these results can be extended to situations where a finite density of quasiparticles is present.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Novel enzyme-linked aptamer-antibody sandwich assay and hybrid lateral flow strip for SARS-CoV-2 detection
Creators: name: Wu, Shih-Wei
name: Chen, Ying-Ju
name: Chang, Yu-Wen
name: Huang, Cheng-Yang
name: Liu, Biing-Hui
name: Yu, Feng-Yih
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Comparison of commercial antibodies specific SARS-CoV-2 N protein using iELISA. Table S2. Comparison of commercial ELISA kit for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Table S3. Comparison of commercial rapid test strip for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Table S4. Performance indicators of hybrid lateral flow strip for infected and healthy volunteers. Fig. S1. Western blotting analysis of expression SARS-CoV-2 N protein using commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 N protein antibodies. Fig. S2. The stability analysis of (A) the hybrid ELAAA was conducted throughout its storage period under 4 °C. The results represent the mean ± SD of absorbance value obtained from three independent replicates. (B-C) the hybrid-LFS was conducted throughout its storage period under vacuum packaging. The results represent the mean ± SD of test line intensity (RLU) obtained from three independent replicates. Fig. S3. Optimization of the Hybrid-LFA. (A) Comparison of the pH value of conjugation buffer. Hybrid-LFA conditions include 20 nm gold nanoparticles with 150 µg of mAb in this evaluation. (B) Comparison of the particle size of the gold nanoparticle. This assessment involves conjugation buffer (pH 5.5) and 150 µg of mAb under hybrid-LFA conditions. (C) Comparison of the quantity of antibodies on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles. The examination is conducted using conjugation buffer (pH 5.5) and 40 nm gold nanoparticles within hybrid-LFA settings. All compared groups utilize samples containing 100 ng/mL SARS-CoV-2 N protein and 0 ng/mL SARS-CoV-2 N protein.
Exoplanet Imaging Data Challenge: benchmarking the various image processing methods for exoplanet detection
Creators: name: Cantalloube, F.
name: Gomez-Gonzalez, C.
name: Absil, O.
name: Cantero, C.
name: Bacher, R.
name: Bonse, M. J.
name: Bottom, M.
name: Dahlqvist, C. -H.
name: Desgrange, C.
name: Flasseur, O.
name: Fuhrmann, T.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Jensen-Clem, R.
name: Kenworthy, M.
name: Mawet, D.
name: Mesa, D.
name: Meshkat, T.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Mueller, A.
name: Nasedkin, E.
name: Pairet, B.
name: Pierard, S.
name: Ruffio, J. -B.
name: Samland, M.
name: Stone, J.
name: Van Droogenbroeck, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Exoplanet Imaging Data Challenge is a community-wide effort meant to offer a platform for a fair and common comparison of image processing methods designed for exoplanet direct detection. For this purpose, it gathers on a dedicated repository (Zenodo), data from several high-contrast ground-based instruments worldwide in which we injected synthetic planetary signals. The data challenge is hosted on the CodaLab competition platform, where participants can upload their results. The specifications of the data challenge are published on our website. The first phase, launched on the 1st of September 2019 and closed on the 1st of October 2020, consisted in detecting point sources in two types of common data-set in the field of high-contrast imaging: data taken in pupil-tracking mode at one wavelength (subchallenge 1, also referred to as ADI) and multispectral data taken in pupil-tracking mode (subchallenge 2, also referred to as ADI mSDI). In this paper, we describe the approach, organisational lessons-learnt and current limitations of the data challenge, as well as preliminary results of the participants submissions for this first phase. In the future, we plan to provide permanent access to the standard library of data sets and metrics, in order to guide the validation and support the publications of innovative image processing algorithms dedicated to high-contrast imaging of planetary systems.
description: 36 pages, 27 figures. Proceedings of SPIE "Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation" 2020
The shapes of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Padilla, Nelson D.
name: Strauss, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the underlying shapes of spiral and elliptical galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 6 from the observed distribution of projected galaxy shapes, taking into account the effects of dust extinction and reddening. We assume that the underlying shapes of spirals and ellipticals are well approximated by triaxial ellipsoids. The elliptical galaxy data are consistent with oblate spheroids, with a correlation between luminosity and ellipticity: the mean values of minor to middle axis ratios are 0.41+-0.03 for Mr ~ -18 ellipticals, and 0.76+-0.04 for Mr ~-22.5 ellipticals. Ellipticals show almost no dependence of axial ratio on galaxy colour, implying a negligible dust optical depth. There is a strong variation of spiral galaxy shapes with colour indicating the presence of dust. The intrinsic shapes of spiral galaxies in the SDSS-DR6 are consistent with flat disks with a mean and dispersion of thickness to diameter ratio of (21+-2)%, and a face-on ellipticity, e, of ln(e)=-2.33+-0.79. Not including the effects of dust in the model leads to disks that are systematically rounder by up to 60%. More luminous spiral galaxies tend to have thicker and rounder disks than lower-luminosity spirals. Both elliptical and spiral galaxies tend to be rounder for larger galaxies. The marginalised value of the edge-on r-band dust extinction E_0 in spiral galaxies is E_0 ~ 0.45 magnitudes for galaxies of median colours, increasing to E_0=1 magnitudes for g-r>0.9 and E_0=1.9 for the luminous and most compact galaxies, with half-light radii <2kpc/h.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Design and experimental analysis of high-speed feed pump for small-scale ORC
Creators: name: Sallinen, Petri
name: Uusitalo, Antti
name: Honkatukia, Juha
name: Tiainen, Jonna
name: Turunen-Saaresti, Teemu
Publisher: name: Technical University of Munich
Year: 2021
Subjects: ORC; high speed feed pump

description: A reliable operation and reducing the power consumption of the feed pumps of the ORC systems are highly important as the feed pump is one of the main components affecting the ORC power plant operating pressures, controllability, and the cycle net power output. Especially in small-scale and high -temperature ORC systems, the design of an efficient feed pump can be challenging because the required pressure increase over the pump is high and on the other hand, the working fluid flow rates are small. In this paper, the design and experimental investigation on the operation of a small-scale and high pressure ratio ORC feed pump are presented and analyzed. The investigated feed pump is of partial emission type and it is connected to a single shaft with a high-speed generator and a supersonic radial turbine. The design rotational speed of the turbogenerator is 31 000 rpm and the rated electric power output of the system is below 10 kW. The operation of the feed pump was investigated with different rotational speeds and under different flow rate conditions. In the experiments, the pump was capable to be operated at the target rotational speed range of 12 000 rpm to 31 000 rpm and the target pressure increase as well as the target working fluid flow rate were reached. This study presents the design method that was used for defining the partial emission pump geometry and analyses the operation of the pump under various operating conditions and rotational speeds. In addition, the methods for avoiding cavitation in this type of pumps are discussed. The results of the study shed light on the most important aspects in designing high pressure ratio – low flow rate feed pumps for ORC applications and discuss the specific operational characteristics of this type of pumps.
Small Covers over Prisms
Creators: name: Cai, Mingzhong
name: Chen, Xin
name: Lü, Zhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57S10; 57M60; 14M25; 52B70; 05C10

description: In this paper we calculate the number of equivariant diffeomorphism classes of small covers over a prism.