cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A computational model for skills-oriented robot programming.
Creators: name: Archibald, Colin C.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Engineering, Industrial.

description: A complete computational model for industrial robot programming is presented. There are two main objectives in realizing this model. The first is to allow shop floor production engineers (application programmers) to create and modify sensor-based robot programs. The proposed iconic user interface provides a non-textual programming mechanism. The icons, which represent individual robot skills, are linked and parameterized to modify the behaviour of the skills. Use of a control flow mechanism, as opposed to data flow, makes the description of the robot operation as a set of skills immediately obvious. Linking the skill icons requires only a few control constructs which makes the interface usable on the shop floor. This system provides a mechanism for online creation and debugging of sensor-based robot operations. The second objective is to enable the system programmer to create and maintain the robot skills using consistent and facilitated methods. This is the underlying software architecture that makes the iconic shop floor interface possible. It is an object-based method that provides functional abstraction of the sensors and machines. The objects include skills, sensor drivers, logical sensors, and machine drivers. The skills are defined in the form of templates that completely specify a sensor-based robot action. Other significant results ensue from the two listed above, for example, the possibility of standardization in robot programming at the skill level. The ability to separate the responsibilities of individuals with different capabilities is another objective that has the side effect of making robot systems development manageable. The computational model presented is called "SKills-Oriented Robot Programming (SKORP)." In this model the skills execute exclusive of each other and therefore the computation for each skill can be represented independently. Skills are designed and documented using realtime design tools from the multiactivity paradigm. The SKORP model provides consistent and usable design methods for describing computation in embedded systems. These design tools are used by the system programmer to guarantee the realtime interaction of the software modules that compose a skill. This research is directed toward industrial robotics in traditional and non-traditional habitats, but the model presented is equally applicable to any numerically controlled machine that either requires sensors or interacts with the environment in a complex way.
Fluoride Ion Trapping in Bacteria Under Acidic Environment and Quaternary Structure of CLCF-Type Membrane Transporte
Creators: name: Ji, Chunhui
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Fluoride
CLCF
Weak acid

description: Microorganisms face environmental threats from fluoride anions (present at 100μM in soil) that inhibit enolase and pyrophosphatase (Ki~100μM), and it was believed that fluoride toxicity could be more troublesome under acidic pH level, because membrane permeant HF (pKa ~3.4) from the acidic extracellular fluid diffuses into the cytoplasm where it dissociates at the neutral pH, and F- becomes trapped and accumulates. This pH-driven anion accumulation effect is thought to be governed by the relationship [F-]in/[F-]out=[H+]out/[H+]in. We sought to directly test the validity of this thermodynamic principle in E. coli and measure whether this F- ion trapping mechanism governs the F- load that bacteria endure under acid stress. Using the F--selective LaF3/EuF3 electrode, we continuously monitored external F- concentrations of cultures of E. coli with its native F- channel knocked out (ΔFluc) during external pH changes and found that under weakly acidic environment, fluoride anions accumulate in E. coli lacking F- efflux pathways, and the actual cytoplasmic F- concentrations are in accord with predictions from the weak acid accumulation hypothesis [F-]in=[F-]out×10^(pHin-pHout). This F- accumulation reaches equilibrium in ~30 min, has bacteriostatic effects on growth, and prolongs the lag-time before bacterial growth recovers after removal of acidic stress. The same F- dependent delay on growth-recovery were observed for ΔFluc cells after 2 hours of extreme acid stress (pH 2.5), suggesting that fluoride anion accumulation in bacteria also holds under extremely acidic environments. \r We found representatives from the two families of F− membrane transport proteins—Fluoride anion channel (Fluc) and CLCF-type F−/H+ antiporter (Pst from Piruella staleyi)–were both effective at preventing cytoplasmic F- accumulation. Furthermore, amino group crosslinking by glutaraldehyde treatment of S214K mutant of Pst homologue revealed the homodimeric structure of the CLCF subclade, in harmony with the dimeric quaternary structure of canonical CLC transporters.
The emperor, the army and the coinage: Four quantitative studies.
Creators: name: Huot, Patrizia.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: History, Ancient.

description: The Emperor, The Army and The Coinage: Four Quantitative Studies examines two important and related questions by whose authority Roman imperial coinage was produced and who was responsible for the selection of coin types. When studying the question of authority, one must consider the coin types' audience and in particular the role of the army as the most likely recipient. In this context, four emperors (Hadrian, Pius, Vespasian and Severus) and their military coinage was studied in order to establish that military emperors produced military coinage while non-military emperors preferred to issue non-military coinage. This study supports several scholars' theories that the emperor played an important role in coin types' selection and that the army was an important recipient of that coinage.
Evaluation of the free, open source software WordPress as electronic portfolio system in undergraduate medical education
Creators: name: Avila, Javier
name: Sostmann, Kai
name: Breckwoldt, Jan
name: Peters, Harm
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: ePortfolio
subject: WordPress
subject: Medical education
subject: Software
subject: Electronic portfolio
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background Electronic portfolios (ePortfolios) are used to document and support learning activities. E-portfolios with mobile capabilities allow even more flexibility. However, the development or acquisition of ePortfolio software is often costly, and at the same time, commercially available systems may not sufficiently fit the institution’s needs. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate an ePortfolio system with mobile capabilities using a commercially free and open source software solution. Methods We created an online ePortfolio environment using the blogging software WordPress based on reported capability features of such software by a qualitative weight and sum method. Technical implementation and usability were evaluated by 25 medical students during their clinical training by quantitative and qualitative means using online questionnaires and focus groups. Results The WordPress ePortfolio environment allowed students a broad spectrum of activities – often documented via mobile devices – like collection of multimedia evidences, posting reflections, messaging, web publishing, ePortfolio searches, collaborative learning, knowledge management in a content management system including a wiki and RSS feeds, and the use of aid tools for studying. The students’ experience with WordPress revealed a few technical problems, and this report provides workarounds. The WordPress ePortfolio was rated positively by the students as a content management system (67 % of the students), for exchange with other students (74 %), as a note pad for reflections (53 %) and for its potential as an information source for assessment (48 %) and exchange with a mentor (68 %). On the negative side, 74 % of the students in this pilot study did not find it easy to get started with the system, and 63 % rated the ePortfolio as not being user-friendly. Qualitative analysis indicated a need for more introductory information and training. Conclusions It is possible to build an advanced ePortfolio system with mobile capabilities with the free and open source software WordPress. This allows institutions without proprietary software to build a sophisticated ePortfolio system adapted to their needs with relatively few resources. The implementation of WordPress should be accompanied by introductory courses in the use of the software and its apps in order to facilitate its usability.
Raised Fist, Crescent Moon: The Moral and Political Duty of South Asian-American Muslims to Resist Anti-Blackness
Creators: name: Rabbani, Maheeb Hasan
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2023
Subjects: South Asian-American Muslims
Racism or Race Relation

description: Following the murder of George Floyd at the hands of the police in 2020, many South Asian-American Muslims (SAAMs) have engaged in discussions surrounding race and racism in the United States. It is with this context that I explore why despite being a racialized and oppressed group, SAAMs do not have large scale coalitions with Black liberation movements. I find that factors such as the model minority image, hyper-selectivity in the immigration process and racism in the era of colorblindness heavily contribute to the lack of Black-SAAM solidarity. Despite this, I argue in this thesis that SAAMs have a moral and political duty to resist anti-Blackness and stand in solidarity with Black people. Some of the arguments that are often used to justify an obligation to obey the law in a just society—such as the natural duty of justice, the principle of fairness, and the Samaritan duty—can also be used to generate a duty to resist in the face of injustice. In addition, I argue that SAAMs must get comfortable with forms of protest and resistance which are not civil since non-violence may not always yield the most effective outcomes. Interracial solidarity is the key to achieving true justice in the United States, and SAAMs must participate in any way they can and fulfill their duty to resist. 
A comparison of the effects of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions on the function of the isolated rat heart.
Creators: name: Belair, Ernest J.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Biology, Animal Physiology.

description: Isolated rat hearts were perfused by a modified Langendorff method to compare the effects of CO2 and H+ on their function. Carbon dioxide had a rapid negative inotropic effect which was not dependent on the perfusate pH, or on the concurrent negative chronotropic effect and change in coronary resistance. Carbon dioxide caused a negative chronotropic effect which was due, in part, to the decreased perfusate pH. This negative chronotropic effect was not due to the concurrent negative inotropic effect or to the changes in coronary resistance. Intermediate concentrations of CO2, between 6% and 20%, were found to have intermediate negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Carbon dioxide at concentrations of 18% and 20% caused coronary resistance to increase. This increase was independent of perfusate pH, rate or tension changes. Carbon dioxide concentrations between 6% and 16% caused coronary resistance to decrease. Decreasing oxygen from 95% to 80% caused a positive inotropic effect. Perfusates saturated with 20% CO2 caused the release of some basic substances from the heart. This release was not dependent on decreased perfusate pH.
Gender Equity in Access to Health and Education In Rural China
Creators: name: Romanazzi, Nadia
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gender Equity
China
Education
Health Care

description: The following thesis aims to examine the state of health and education in rural China and explore whether improving access to health improves educational outcomes and closes the gender gap. Based on very limited research from other countries, improved access to health care is expected to result in improved educational outcomes. The second main aim of this thesis is to, based on the assumption that increased access to health improves educational outcomes, examine how foreign non-governmental organization initiatives and initiatives implemented by the Chinese government improve access to health care and whether there are health and educational outcomes. To address these two aims, census data from 1999, 2010, and 2019 and secondary literature is used. While no causal relationships could be established, it was found that there is a positive correlational relationship between access to health care and educational outcomes. While the expectation was that foreign NGOs and Chinese governmental initiatives would improve health and education across the board in rural China, there were mixed results. While the gender gap in health and education did narrow, there was no way to state the direct reason behind this observation. Despite some limitations, the research findings provide a good jumping-off point for future research that could attempt to establish a causal relationship between health and education and various interventions and improving health and educational outcomes and closing the gender gap.
A floating-point analog-to-digital converter
Creators: name: Shen, Shumin
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Engineering, Electronics and Electrical.

description: This thesis studies the floating-point analog-to-digital converter (FP-ADC). The first attempt is to analyze the parallel architecture of the floating-point converter, which is our research base. The characteristics and specifications of the floating-point AID converter are described. Simulations of the parallel architecture of the floating-point A/D converter were conceived, run and presented here to support the theoretically derived FP-ADC transfer characteristics. After analyzing the parallel architecture of the floating-point A/D converter, the following work is to provide a way of minimizing the conversion time as well as keeping the precision of the floating point A/D converter (FP-ADC) by implementing the parallel architecture with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). The thesis presents the design and practical implementation of the parallel FP-ADC, based on a FPGA and other hybrid components-of-the-shelf. The correctness of the design was verified by computer simulation, while the functionality of the implemented FP-ADC was tested on a test bench controlled by a PC. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
On the dynamical state of galaxy clusters: Insights from cosmological simulations - II
Creators: name: Cui, Weiguang
name: Power, Chris
name: Borgani, Stefano
name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Murante, Giuseppe
name: Poole, Gregory B.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Using a suite of cosmology simulations of a sample of > 120 galaxy clusters with log (MDM, vir) ≤ 14.5. We compare clusters that form in purely dark matter (DM) run and their counterparts in hydro-runs and investigate four independent parameters that are normally used to classify dynamical state. We find that the virial ratio η in hydro-dynamical runs is ~10 per cent lower than in the DM run, and there is no clear separation between the relaxed and unrelaxed clusters for any parameter. Further, using the velocity dispersion deviation parameter ζ, which is defined as the ratio between cluster velocity dispersion σ and the theoretical prediction , we find that there is a linear correlation between the virial ratio η and this ζ parameter. We propose to use this ζ parameter, which can be easily derived from observed galaxy clusters, as a substitute of the η parameter to quantify the cluster dynamical state.
The effects of adjacent land-use on water quality and biodiversity in southeastern Ontario wetlands.
Creators: name: Houlahan, Jeff E.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Biology, Ecology.

description: Over the last 150 years the 'natural' landscape in southeastern Ontario (as in much of the world) has undergone a dramatic transformation due, in large part, to widespread deforestation, wetland destruction and degradation, and increased agricultural activity. The negative impacts of such land-use modifications may include declines in wetland water quality and biodiversity. Here, I develop models to predict the effects of adjacent land-use on wetland water quality, and amphibian and plant diversity using indices of land-use intensity such as, forest cover, road density, building density, fertiliser application, livestock density etc. I find negative relationships between land-use intensity and wetland water quality, and amphibian and plant species richness. The strongest relationships tend to be with forest cover, however, other important variables include wetland size, road density, and the proportion of adjacent lands that is wetland. Moreover, there are complex interactions among variables. For instance, part of the effect of forest cover on plant and amphibian species richness may be indirect, through effects on wetland water quality but there are also effects of forest cover on both plants and amphibians that are independent of wetland water quality. In a conservation context, one important question is 'what is the scale of adjacent land-use effects?' I find that landscape modifications up to 2000--4000 meters from a wetland edge have the strongest correlations with wetland water quality and amphibian species richness while, land-uses 250--400 meters from the wetland edge are most strongly correlated with plant species richness. The conservation implication is that the current Ontario Wetland Policy which (1) evaluates and protects wetlands on a site-by-site basis and, (2) regulates adjacent land-use out to 120 meters from the wetland edge, is not likely to ensure long-term protection of wetland water quality and biodiversity in Ontario.
Methods for Directed Evolution of Carbohydrate Clusters on 2’-fluoro-modified RNA
Creators: name: Redman, Richard Lane
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2023
Subjects: envelope spike protein
Capture-SELMA
Human Immunodeficiency Virus--HIV
RNA

description: Forty years after the discovery of HIV and after multiple vaccine efficacy trials, no HIV-1 candidate vaccine has proven effective enough for clinical use. One of the major reasons that HIV-1 has proven to be such a challenging target for vaccine design is that the surface of the viral envelope spike protein (Env) is protected by extensive glycosylation. The dense glycosylation paired with high sequence variability of the virus makes it difficult for the immune system to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) against the polypeptide surfaces of Env. However, up to 20% of patients with HIV do eventually develop bnAbs, many of which bind to epitopes comprising glycans or glycans and conserved protein residues. Significant interest lies in the development of structures able to mimic bnAb epitopes. Here we work to develop a method called Capture-SELMA, for the directed evolution of serum-stable, modified-RNA carbohydrate clusters able to elicit production of bnAbs towards HIV. In Capture-SELMA, or Capture-SELection of Modified Aptamers, carbohydrate-modified RNAs bearing fluoro-modified sugar backbones to impart serum stability, are noncovalently tagged with their encoding DNAs through a DNA “capture strand”. We have validated this method by the selection of oligomannose (Man9) glycan clusters from a sequence pool of ∼10^13 that bind to broadly neutralizing HIV antibody 2G12 with 13 to 36 nM affinities. An alternative platform, Hairpin-SELMA has also been developed to address some discovered Capture-SELMA limitations and will continue to be investigated. This method builds off our lab’s initial SELMA platform for evolving DNA-supported glycoclusters, introducing customizability to the backbone, in the form of 2’-modifications, with the goal of evolving glycoclusters with superior serum stability.
title: Des biotopes époustouflants à l'ubac du Moléson, le 16 juillet 2022
title: La Bressonne et la Mérine et leurs falaises de molasse, le 20 juin 2020
titleType: Subtitle
title: Des biotopes époustouflants à l'ubac du Moléson, le 16 juillet 2022
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Dutoit, Annelise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2023

description: Le programme de cette excursion prévoyait de gravir le Moléson, du pied de Teysachaux à son extrémité sud-ouest puis de parcourir la crête jusqu’au sommet. Ce projet était trop ambitieux et l’état très avancé de la flore sur les hauts ne justifiait plus un tel parcours. L’itinéraire se résuma par conséquent à l’ascension jusqu’au point 1822 (fig. 1). Montée à l’ubac : une aubaine pour échapper aux trop fortes chaleurs d’une journée lumineuse, en pleine période de canicule. Et la richesse en espèces des bas de pentes remplaça favorablement l’amputation du trajet de crête.
Reduction in Viral Surface Hemagglutinin Incorporation by Co-expressing HA-targeting ER-retained scFv
Creators: name: Li, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Virology

description: Membrane fusion is a common process for all enveloped viruses to penetrate host cells. Influenza viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin (HA) mediates viral membrane fusion with the endosomal membrane. Viral surface is densely covered by hundreds of HAs, and about a hundred of them reside at the viral and endosomal contact interface (contact patch). Within the contact patch, three to five adjacent HAs need to insert into the endosomal membrane and fold back cooperatively to induce membrane fusion. However, about half of the HAs fail to insert into the target membrane and instead become inactivated. I hypothesize that the high density of HAs on the virus particle increases the probability that the cluster of adjacent HAs can form and induce membrane fusion. To address this hypothesis, I made an influenza virus which reduces its own HA incorporation into particles by co-expressing in an infected cell an HA-targeting, ER-retained antibody (intrabody) encoded by an extended viral genome segment. This approach ensures uniform HA reduction on the viral surface, because intrabody expression correlates with the extent of viral replication in a given cell. First, I mixed and matched RNA genome segments from the PR8 and Udorn influenza strains to generate reassorted viruses that produce filamentous particles to help incorporate into particles a genome segment extended by the eGFP sequence. These viruses showed similar infectivity compared to viruses carrying genome segments of the normal length and induced eGFP expression in the infected cells. I then co-transfected HA and an ER-retained single-chain antibody (scFv), and my results showed that HA level on the cell surface decreased proportionally to the amount of scFv transfected. Finally, reassorted viruses, expressing ERretained scFv in place of eGFP showed about 20% HA incorporation reduction. Thus, I have created a system to generate virus particles with less HA incorporation. Further reduction in HA incorporation could be achieved by incorporating two copies of the same scFv into the virus genome, or a different scFv with higher expression level and HA-binding affinity. The effect on membrane fusion kinetics of the reduction in HA incorporation into virus particles can then be quantified using single-particle membrane fusion experiments.
PROYECTO VIDA MAYA EN EL YUCATÁN COLONIAL TEMPRANO TEMPORADA 2018: Informe final para el Consejo Nacional de Arqueología de México
Creators: name: Masson, Marilyn
Publisher: name: Department of Anthropology University at Albany SuNY and Centro INAH Yucatan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Yucatan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/24566/yucatan
subject: Colonial Maya
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5503/colonial-maya
subject: 16th century Spanish colonial
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/7240/16th-century-spanish-colonial
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Mineral
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/12/mineral
subject: Contact / Historic Sites
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/87060/contact-historic-sites
subject: Mesoamerican archaeology
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/141994/mesoamerican-archaeology
subject: Architectural Documentation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/16/architectural-documentation
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Ethnohistoric Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/17/ethnohistoric-research
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation

description: Report of Maya Life in Early Colonial Yucatan Project in 2018 at the visita sites of Yacman and Hunacti, supported by a grant from the National Geographic Society (#193R-18).
title: Association of Maternal Vitamin D Status with Glucose Tolerance and Caesarean Section in a Multi-Ethnic Asian Cohort
title: The Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes Study
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Loy, See Ling
name: Lek, Ngee
name: Yap, Fabian
name: Soh, Shu E.
name: Padmapriya, Natarajan
name: Tan, Kok Hian
name: Biswas, Arijit
name: Yeo, George Seow Heong
name: Kwek, Kenneth
name: Gluckman, Peter D.
name: Godfrey, Keith M.
name: Saw, Seang Mei
name: Müller-Riemenschneider, Falk
name: Chong, Yap-Seng
name: Chong, Mary Foong-Fong
name: Chan, Jerry Kok Yen
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective Epidemiological studies relating maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mode of delivery have shown controversial results. We examined if maternal 25OHD status was associated with plasma glucose concentrations, risks of GDM and caesarean section in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study. Methods Plasma 25OHD concentrations, fasting glucose (FG) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (2HPPG) concentrations were measured in 940 women from a Singapore mother-offspring cohort study at 26–28 weeks’ gestation. 25OHD inadequacy and adequacy were defined based on concentrations of 25OHD ≤75nmol/l and >75nmol/l respectively. Mode of delivery was obtained from hospital records. Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the association between 25OHD status and glucose concentrations, while multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the association of 25OHD status with risks of GDM and caesarean section. Results In total, 388 (41.3%) women had 25OHD inadequacy. Of these, 131 (33.8%), 155 (39.9%) and 102 (26.3%) were Chinese, Malay and Indian respectively. After adjustment for confounders, maternal 25OHD inadequacy was associated with higher FG concentrations (β = 0.08mmol/l, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.01, 0.14), but not 2HPPG concentrations and risk of GDM. A trend between 25OHD inadequacy and higher likelihood of emergency caesarean section (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.95, 2.05) was observed. On stratification by ethnicity, the association with higher FG concentrations was significant in Malay women (β = 0.19mmol/l, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.33), while risk of emergency caesarean section was greater in Chinese (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.06, 3.43) and Indian women (OR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.01, 5.73). Conclusions 25OHD inadequacy is prevalent in pregnant Singaporean women, particularly among the Malay and Indian women. This is associated with higher FG concentrations in Malay women, and increased risk of emergency caesarean section in Chinese and Indian women.
How does our choice of observable influence our estimation of the centre of a galaxy cluster? Insights from cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Cui, Weiguang
name: Power, Chris
name: Biffi, Veronica
name: Borgani, Stefano
name: Murante, Giuseppe
name: Fabjan, Dunja
name: Knebe, Alexander
name: Lewis, Geraint F.
name: Poole, Greg B.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Galaxy clusters are an established and powerful test-bed for theories of both galaxy evolution and cosmology. Accurate interpretation of cluster observations often requires robust identification of the location of the centre. Using a statistical sample of clusters drawn from a suite of cosmological simulations in which we have explored a range of galaxy formation models, we investigate how the location of this centre is affected by the choice of observable - stars, hot gas, or the full mass distribution as can be probed by the gravitational potential. We explore several measures of cluster centre: the minimum of the gravitational potential, which would expect to define the centre if the cluster is in dynamical equilibrium; the peak of the density; the centre of brightest cluster galaxy (BCG); and the peak and centroid of X-ray luminosity. We find that the centre of BCG correlates more strongly with the minimum of the gravitational potential than the X-ray defined centres, while active galactic nuclei feedback acts to significantly enhance the offset between the peak X-ray luminosity and minimum gravitational potential. These results highlight the importance of centre identification when interpreting clusters observations, in particular when comparing theoretical predictions and observational data.
The Simple Polyphony of the Divine Office From the Time of The Great Schism
Creators: name: Flynn, Matthew
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cividale
Cantus Planus Binatim
Music and Liturgy
Simple Polyphony
Dufay
Office

description: The Cividale liturgical manuscripts preserve notated examples of cantus planus binatim, two voiced polyphony progressing in rhythmic unison following a cantus firmus based on an established chant. Contrary to common theory that this repertoire can be distinguished from mensural polyphony along class and economic lines, evidence suggests that this repertoire reflects local musical practices unrelated to social hierarchy. The temporal development of the repertoire as represented by the Cividale manuscripts supports the theory that this was an oral repertoire that was potentially improvised, and as illustrated by quotations in Quem ethera et terra, drew upon established formulas embedded in the repertoire of its performers.\r Cividale 57 additionally contains two polyphonic hymns, Letare felix civitas and Iste confessor, which were added to the manuscript after its original compilation. I transcribe and analyze these hymns with emphasis on Iste confessor, relative to the Dufay Hymn cycle. I trace the monophonic tradition of the different melodies to illustrate stylistic similarities between the versions and cantus planus binatim. Research into the history of the city of Cividale and its primary liturgical feasts suggests that the hymn is in Cividale as part of the celebration of Vespers for either Saint Martin or Saint Donatus.\r Concordances between CF57 and the Apt manuscript suggest a connection between Cividale and Avignon concurrent with the Schism. Liturgical rubrics, the hierarchy of clerks, and the Hymns of the Apt manuscript illustrate that there was an established tradition in Avignon for singing Office hymns resembling cantus planus binatim. Pope Gregory XI returned to Rome establishing a musical center in the tradition of Avignon. Pope Gregory the XII traveled to Cividale for the Council of 1407, providing evidence for a possible chronology for the Cividale version of Iste confessor relative to the Dufay Vespers cycle. The stylistic similarities between the Hymns of Avignon and the Office Responsories of Cividale indicate that there was an established central tradition for the singing of simple polyphony during the celebration of the Office during the Schism. This tradition was influenced by local musical traditions and local sacred celebrations.
ChatGPT as an Academic Writing Tool: Factors Influencing Researchers’ Intention to Write Manuscripts Using Generative Artificial Intelligence
Creators: name: Garcia, Manuel B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: Neuroscience
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: This study examined factors driving the adoption of generative artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT for research writing through an integrated framework combining the Technology Acceptance Model, Task Technology Fit, and Trust in Specific Technology. Responses from 564 researchers in 12 countries were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach. Intriguingly, perceived usefulness and ease of use were insignificant despite being considered the strongest predictors of behavioral intention in countless studies. Instead, researchers prioritize trusting beliefs and the compatibility between a technology and a task when considering its use. It was also found that trust in the technology has greater explanatory power than task-technology compatibility, and this trust is influenced by beliefs that ChatGPT is a socially and academically accepted tool for manuscript writing. Overall, this study contributes new insights for researchers, funding bodies, publishers, policymakers, and the academic community as they navigate the evolving role of AI in scholarly writing.
D 5.1 - Initial Guidelines for Task Design
Creators: name: Reeves, Neal
name: Celino, Irene
name: Calegari, Gloria Re
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Citizen science
pollution
task-design
typology
survey

description: This deliverable presents initial research conducted on the design of citizen science tasks, with a particular focus on the domain of pollution. We present a typology of task characteristics and properties, as well as associated input devices and affordances, drawn from a large-scale survey of citizen science projects. From this large sample, we identified 81 projects with a pollution-focus, which we classify according to the developed typology. We further present initial research conducted on the question of task design as completed by the ACTION consortium.
The legality of the United Nations humanitarian intervention under Chapter VII of the UN Charter: Somalia and beyond.
Creators: name: Osman Haji, Abdiwahid.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Political Science, International Law and Relations.

description: The UN Charter acknowledges the right of the UN Security Council to use force to address threats to international peace and security in case of acts of aggression. The Charter, however, does not expressly recognize the right to use force to protect the people of a State against their own governing authorities even when they face genocide, massive internal and external displacements of population, widespread violence, and mass starvation. In the post-Cold War era, the UN Security Council has authorized humanitarian intervention in Iraq (1991), in Somalia (1992), in the Former Yugoslavia (1992), and in Rwanda (1994). Although the cases each involve different circumstances, they share one momentous motive, that the Security Council determined that human rights violations in these countries had consequences which threatened international peace and security and thus, the Council invoked the provisions of Chapter VII of the UN Charter. These interventions have raised difficult questions of whether the UN Security Council's actions in cases of humanitarian crises or in cases of massive human rights abuses within a territory of a member state are legal under Chapter VII of the UN Charter or whether the Security Council's competence to use force under Chapter VII of the Charter is confined to cases of military aggression. The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate that under Chapter VII of the UN Charter the UN has the legal right to intervene for humanitarian purposes in the internal affairs of a member State. This thesis focuses on the Security Council interventions involving internal armed conflicts in which widespread human rights violations occur, with particular analysis of the Somalia crises. It concludes that current international law recognizes the legality of UN humanitarian intervention under Chapter VII of the UN Charter.
A hybrid multiresolution scheme to efficiently model the structure of reionization on the largest scales
Creators: name: Kim, Han-Seek
name: Wyithe, J. Stuart B.
name: Park, Jaehong
name: Poole, Gregory B.
name: Lacey, C. G.
name: Baugh, C. M.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Redshifted 21-cm measurements of the structure of ionized regions that grow during reionization promise to provide a new probe of early galaxy and structure formation. One of the challenges of modelling reionization is to account both for the subhalo scale physics of galaxy formation and the regions of ionization on scales that are many orders of magnitude larger. To bridge this gap we first calculate the statistical relationship between ionizing luminosity and Mpc-scale overdensity using detailed models of galaxy formation computed using relatively small volume - (~100 Mpc h-1)3, high-resolution dark matter simulations. We then use a Monte Carlo technique to apply this relationship to reionization of the intergalactic medium within large volume dark matter simulations - (>1 Gpc h-1)3. The resulting simulations can be used to address the contribution of very large scale clustering of galaxies to the structure of reionization, and show that volumes larger than 500 Mpc h-1 are required to probe the largest reionization features mid-way through reionization. As an example application of our technique, we demonstrate that the predicted 21-cm power spectrum amplitude and gradient could be used to determine the importance of supernovae feedback for early galaxy formation.
title: Notre Terre Minnesota
Creators: name: Sandy, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Minnesota, Voyageurs, pioneers, North Star, Indians, lyrics, culture, loon, beaver, mastodon, Lake Itasca, Otter Tail

description: Minnesota’s landscape was shaped by massive glaciers that moved south from Canada during the late Pleistocene. The people of Minnesota often have a distinctive character, in part due to their differing ethnic backgrounds. Many Minnesotans live in a vast northern wilderness. The land is dotted with thousands of beautiful lakes, ponds, and rivers, creating imagery which influences romantic feelings and emotions for those who live here and others who journey this way. A variety of animals, such as loons and beavers, thrive in the wild, and fish are abundant in the lakes. A vast swath of the south and southwest is a prairie landscape, with ecology and agriculture differing from the mixed land use and woodlands in other areas of the state. Abrupt and well-defined seasons add to the state’s bounty and color. The state has a rich cultural history. Native Americans were the first to inhabit Minnesota, over thousands of years, followed by French and British explorers and later settled by British, Scandinavian, German, and other European people. For more than 150 years, the state’s motto was “L’Etoile du Nord.” (translation: “The Star of the North”) The lyrics of the song “Notre Terre Minnesota” seek to capture all these elements and along the way embellish the grandeur of the North Star State.
No evidence of intracranial hypotension in persistent post-traumatic headache: A magnetic resonance imaging study.
Creators: name: Schytz, Henrik W
name: Smilkov, Emil
name: Carroll, Ian
name: Dobrocky, Tomas
name: Al-Khazali, Haidar M
name: Tolnai, Daniel
name: Jensen, Rigmor H
name: Amin, Faisal Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of Bern
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/02k7v4d05
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Bern score
post-traumatic headache
spontaneous intracranial hypotension

description: BackgroundPersistent post-traumatic headache (PTH) is frequent, and intracranial hypotension may be an important cause of PTH. The present study aimed to examine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of intracranial hypotension are more frequent in people with persistent PTH than in healthy controls (HCs).MethodsAdults with persistent PTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury and age- and sex-matched HCs attended a single non-contrast, brain MRI 3T session. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery T1- and T2-weighted sequences were acquired to assign a modified Bern score. The score ranges from 0 to 9 points, with higher scores indicating a greater probability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage leading to intracranial hypotension. The primary outcome was the difference in modified Bern score between participants with persistent PTH and HCs. All images were examined by a certified neuroradiologist who was blinded to the group status.ResultsImaging data from 97 participants with persistent PTH and 96 age- and sex-matched HCs were eligible for analyses. A modified Bern score of ≤2 was present in 90 (93%) participants with persistent PTH and 85 (89%) HCs, indicating a low probability of CSF leak. None of the persistent PTH participants or the HCs had a score of >4. There were no significant differences in modified Bern scores between participants with persistent PTH and HCs.ConclusionsThere is a low prevalence of typical MRI Bern score signs of intracranial hypotension in PTH or HCs. Thus, intracranial hypotension is unlikely to be an underlying factor in persistent PTH attributed to mild traumatic brain injury.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT03791515). Date of registration 2018-12-29.
Regulation of human parainfluenza virus type 3 transcription.
Creators: name: Saffran, Holly Anne.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Biology, Molecular.

description: To elucidate the roles of the junctional elements in HPIV3 transcription, cDNAs were constructed containing CAT and luciferase reporter genes flanked by sequences representing the HPIV3 termini necessary for transcription, replication and packaging. Mutations to the gene end sequence abolished expression of the upstream and downstream genes. Deleting the gene start sequence at the junction resulted increased expression of the upstream gene, but abrogated downstream gene activity. Alterations in the length of the intergenic trinucleotide resulted in decreased expression of both upstream and downstream genes. Mutations in the sequence of this nontranscribed trinucleotide resulted in decreased activity of the upstream gene but no change in expression of the downstream gene. The gene end sequence does not appear to contain the only signals for termination of transcription. The purine trinucleotide intergenic region is important for termination, but only the presence of three nucleotides appears to be necessary and sufficient for expression of the following gene. Results obtained from assaying reporter activity could often be interpreted in several ways. For example, the data could not distinguish between polymerase readthrough and premature termination. Two RNA detection methods were investigated and show promise as means for detecting and analyzing specific RNA species in transfected cells. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Genetic Counseling Training Program Admissions: A Deeper Dive into the Applicant Review Process and Its Implications for the Workforce
Creators: name: Butland, Kimberly Erin
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2022
Subjects: admissions
diversity
equity
genetic counseling
holistic review

description: The genetic counseling (GC) community has long struggled with increasing racial and ethnic diversity within the profession, with the most recent Professional Status Survey (PSS) in 2021 indicating 90% White membership. While several studies have tried to pinpoint what barriers exist that make it difficult for applicants who are historically underrepresented in medicine (hURM) to enter the profession, none have examined the GC admissions process itself and how that may contribute. The aim of this study was to survey individuals who have participated in GC program admissions within the past five years to determine the current practices used in evaluating applicants and whether there are any areas that can be modified to make the process more equitable for hURM applicants. This mixed methods study used an online survey instrument that was distributed to four different professional GC organizations. Fifty-eight people who worked in GC admissions participated in our survey. Respondents were asked about the details of their admissions process in detail regarding (1) the initial review of applicants, (2) interviewing applicants, (3) ranking applicants, and (4) if, and how, the process differed with reapplicants. Most respondents (92.3%) considered their program to have a holistic admissions review process. However, 84.6% of respondents who were shown a list of deal-breakers that would prevent further evaluation of an applicant selected at least one option, which directly contradicts the nature of holistic review. Other factors identified in this study that may contribute to the lack of diversity in our profession include the absence of mandatory annual diversity and bias training before participating in admissions and the makeup of admissions committees. Participants were also asked about what their program has done in light of the justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) conversations the GC community has had in the past few years. Most respondents agreed that admissions committees have power in shaping the makeup of the GC profession (90.9%) and are that their program is actively trying to find ways to modify their admissions process to make it more equitable. Reported strategies include offering financial assistance, removing the GRE requirement, and continuing to offer virtual interviews in the future. Our findings demonstrate that while most GC programs have some holistic components built into their admissions process, there are many areas in which it can be improved to develop a truly holistic review. We recommend collaboration between GC programs as they work towards creating a more equitable admissions process so as to create meaningful change in diversifying the field.