cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The role of baryons in self-interacting dark matter mergers
Creators: name: Fischer, Moritz S.
name: Durke, Nils-Henrik
name: Hollingshausen, Katharina
name: Hammer, Claudius
name: Brüggen, Marcus
name: Dolag, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers of galaxy clusters are promising probes of dark matter (DM) physics. For example, an offset between the DM component and the galaxy distribution can constrain DM self-interactions. We investigate the role of the intracluster medium (ICM) and its influence on DM-galaxy offsets in self-interacting dark matter models. To this end, we employ Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics + N-body simulations to study idealized setups of equal- and unequal-mass mergers with head-on collisions. Our simulations show that the ICM hardly affects the offsets arising shortly after the first pericentre passage compared to DM-only simulations. But later on, e.g. at the first apocentre, the offsets can be amplified by the presence of the ICM. Furthermore, we find that cross-sections small enough not to be excluded by measurements of the core sizes of relaxed galaxy clusters have a chance to produce observable offsets. We found that different DM models affect the DM distribution and also the galaxy and ICM distribution, including its temperature. Potentially, the position of the shock fronts, combined with the brightest cluster galaxies, provides further clues to the properties of DM. Overall our results demonstrate that mergers of galaxy clusters at stages about the first apocentre passage could be more interesting in terms of DM physics than those shortly after the first pericentre passage. This may motivate further studies of mergers at later evolutionary stages.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures + appendices, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Development of the MRPC for the TOF system of the MultiPurpose Detector
Creators: name: Babkin, V. A.
name: Bazylev, S. N.
name: Burdenyuk, I. S.
name: Buryakov, M. G.
name: Dmitriev, A. V.
name: Dulov, P. O.
name: Golovatyuk, V. M.
name: Lobastov, S. P.
name: Rumyantsev, M. M.
name: Schipunov, A. V.
name: Shutov, A. V.
name: Slepnev, I. V.
name: Slepnev, V. M.
name: Terletskiy, A. V.
name: Volgin, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Multipurpose Detector (MPD) \cite{cite1.MPD_CDR} is designed to study of hot and dense baryonic matter in collisions of heavy ions over the atomic mass range 1--197 at the centre of mass energy up to $\sqrt{S_{NN}}$ = 11 GeV (for Au79+). The MPD experiment will be carried out at the JINR accelerator complex NICA \cite{cite2.NICA_CDR} which is under construction. The barrel part of the MPD consists of various detectors surrounding the interaction point. It includes a precise tracking system (time projection chamber (TPC) and silicon inner tracker (IT)) and high-performance particle identification system based on time-of-flight (TOF) and calorimeter (ECal). The triple-stack multigap resistive plate chamber is chosen as an active element of the TOF. It provides good time resolution and long term stability. This article presents parameters of the MRPC obtained using the deuteron beam of JINR accelerator Nuclotron. The time resolution is $\sim$40 ps with efficiency of 99\%. Rate capability studies resulted with a time resolution of 60 ps and efficiency higher than 90\% on the beam with particle flux densities up to 2 kHz/cm$^2$.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, Proceedings of the XIII Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors (RPC2016), February 22 - 26, 2016, Ghent, Belgium
Earth mover's distance as a measure of CP violation
Creators: name: Davis, Adam
name: Menzo, Tony
name: Youssef, Ahmed
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new unbinned two sample test statistic sensitive to CP violation utilizing the optimal transport plan associated with the Wasserstein (earth mover's) distance. The efficacy of the test statistic is shown via two examples of CP asymmetric distributions with varying sample sizes: the Dalitz distributions of $B^0 \rightarrow K^+π^-π^0$ and of $D^0 \rightarrow π^+π^-π^0$ decays. The windowed version of the Wasserstein distance test statistic is shown to have comparable sensitivity to CP violation as the commonly used energy test statistic, but also retains information about the localized distributions of CP asymmetry over the Dalitz plot. For large statistic datasets we introduce two modified Wasserstein distance based test statistics -- the binned and the sliced Wasserstein distance statistics, which show comparable sensitivity to CP violation, but improved computing time and memory scalings. Finally, general extensions and applications of the introduced statistics are discussed.
description: 43 pages, 29 figures, public code available
Fluidization and wall slip of soft-glassy materials by controlled surface roughness
Creators: name: Derzsi, Ladislav
name: Filippi, Daniele
name: Mistura, Giampaolo
name: Pierno, Matteo
name: Lulli, Matteo
name: Sbragaglia, Mauro
name: Bernaschi, Massimo
name: Garstecki, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of soft-glassy materials (SGM) in a confined geometry is strongly impacted by surface roughness. However, the effect of the spatial distribution of the roughness remains poorly understood from a more quantitative viewpoint. Here we present a comprehensive study of concentrated emulsions flowing in microfluidic channels, one wall of which is patterned with micron-size equally spaced grooves oriented perpendicularly to the flow direction. We show that roughness-induced fluidization can be quantitatively tailored by systematically changing both the width and separation of the grooves. We find that a simple scaling law describes such fluidization as a function of the density of grooves, suggesting common scenarios for droplet trapping and release. Numerical simulations confirm these views and are used to elucidate the relation between fluidization and the rate of plastic rearrangements.
description: 4 Figures. Supplementary Material. 2 Movies
The lower limit for time resolution in frequency modulation atomic force microscopy
Creators: name: Schumacher, Zeno
name: Spielhofer, Andreas
name: Miyahara, Yoichi
name: Grutter, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) routinely achieves structural information in the sub-nm length scale. Measuring time resolved properties on this length scale to understand kinetics at the nm scale remains an elusive goal. We present a general analysis of the lower limit for time resolution in AFM. Our finding suggests the time resolution in AFM is ultimately limited by the well-known thermal limit of AFM and not as often proposed by the mechanical response time of the force sensing cantilever. We demonstrate a general pump-probe approach using the cantilever as a detector responding to the averaged signal. This method can be applied to any excitation signal such as electrical, thermal, magnetic or optical. Experimental implementation of this method allows us to measure a photocarrier decay time of ~1 ps in low temperature grown GaAs using a cantilever with a resonance frequency of 280 kHz.
Learning dynamics on invariant measures using PDE-constrained optimization
Creators: name: Botvinick-Greenhouse, Jonah
name: Martin, Robert
name: Yang, Yunan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49M41, 37M25, 65N08, 37M21

description: We extend the methodology in [Yang et al., 2023] to learn autonomous continuous-time dynamical systems from invariant measures. The highlight of our approach is to reformulate the inverse problem of learning ODEs or SDEs from data as a PDE-constrained optimization problem. This shift in perspective allows us to learn from slowly sampled inference trajectories and perform uncertainty quantification for the forecasted dynamics. Our approach also yields a forward model with better stability than direct trajectory simulation in certain situations. We present numerical results for the Van der Pol oscillator and the Lorenz-63 system, together with real-world applications to Hall-effect thruster dynamics and temperature prediction, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
description: This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Volume 33, Issue 6, June 2023, and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0149673
Enhanced high dynamic range 3D shape measurement based on generalized phase-shifting algorithm
Creators: name: Wang, Minmin
name: Du, Guangliang
name: Zhou, Canlin
name: Zhang, Chaorui
name: Si, Shuchun
name: Li, Hui
name: Lei, Zhenkun
name: Li, YanJie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a challenge for Phase Measurement Profilometry (PMP) to measure objects with a large range of reflectivity variation across the surface. Saturated or dark pixels in the deformed fringe patterns captured by the camera will lead to phase fluctuations and errors. Jiang et al. proposed a high dynamic range real-time 3D shape measurement method without changing camera exposures. Three inverted phase-shifted fringe patterns are used to complement three regular phase-shifted fringe patterns for phase retrieval when any of the regular fringe patterns are saturated. But Jiang's method still has some drawbacks: (1) The phases in saturated pixels are respectively estimated by different formulas for different cases. It is shortage of an universal formula; (2) it cannot be extended to four-step phase-shifting algorithm because inverted fringe patterns are the repetition of regular fringe patterns; (3) only three unsaturated intensity values at every pixel of fringe patterns are chosen for phase demodulation, lying idle the other unsaturated ones. We proposed a method for enhanced high dynamic range 3D shape measurement based on generalized phase-shifting algorithm, which combines the complementary technique of inverted and regular fringe patterns with generalized phase-shifting algorithm. Firstly, two sets of complementary phase-shifted fringe patterns, namely regular and inverted fringe patterns are projected and collected. Then all unsaturated intensity values at the same camera pixel from two sets of fringe patterns are selected, and employed to retrieve the phase by generalized phase-shifting algorithm. Finally, simulations and experiments are conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results are analyzed and compared with Jiang's method, which demonstrate that the proposed method not only expands the scope of Jiang's method, but also improves the measurement accuracy.
description: 18 pages, 22 figures
A new puzzle in non-leptonic B decays
Creators: name: Biswas, Aritra
name: Descotes-Genon, Sebastien
name: Matias, Joaquim
name: Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi, Gilberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build a set of new observables using closely related non-leptonic penguin-mediated $B_d$ and $B_s$ decays: ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{*0}\bar{K}^{*0}$, ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{0}\bar{K}^{0}$, ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{0}\bar{K}^{*0}$ and ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to\bar{K}^{0}{K^{*0}}$ together with their CP conjugate partners. These optimised observables are designed to reduce hadronic uncertainties, mainly coming from form factors and power-suppressed infrared divergences, and thus maximize their sensitivity to New Physics (NP). The deviations observed with respect to the SM in the ratios of branching ratios of ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{*0}\bar{K}^{*0}$ ($2.6σ$) and ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{0}\bar{K}^{0}$ ($2.4σ$) can be explained by simple NP scenarios involving the Wilson coefficients ${\cal C}_4$ and ${\cal C}_6$ (QCD penguin operators) and the coefficient ${\cal C}_{8g}$ (chromomagnetic operator). The optimised observables for ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{0}\bar{K}^{*0}$ and ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to\bar{K}^{0}{K^{*0}}$ show distinctive patterns of deviations with respect to their SM predictions under these NP scenarios. The pattern of deviations of individual branching ratios, though affected by significant hadronic uncertainties, suggests that NP is needed both in $b\to d$ and $b\to s$ transitions. We provide the regions for the Wilson coefficients consistent with both optimised observables and individual branching ratios. The NP scenarios considered to explain the deviations of ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{*0}\bar{K}^{*0}$ and ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to K^{0}\bar{K}^{0}$ can yield deviations up to an order of magnitude among the observables that we introduced for ${\bar B}_{d,s} \to K^{0} \bar{K}^{*0}$ and ${\bar B}_{d,s}\to\bar{K}^{0} {K^{*0}}$. Probing these new observables experimentally may confirm the consistency of the deviations already observed and provide a highly valuable hint of NP in the non-leptonic sector.
description: 46 pages, 29 figures
Sub-Shimura Varieties for type O(2,n)
Creators: name: Fiori, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give a classification, up to consideration of component groups, of sub-Shimura varieties of those Shimura Varieties attached to orthogonal groups of signature (2,n) over Q.
description: 8 pages
Probing clouds and hazes in an inflated hot-Jupiter atmosphere
Creators: name: Rajkumar, Anitha Raj
name: Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Exoplanets
Exoplanetary atmospheres
Hot-Jupiters

description: The poster describes the science of my PhD thesis. It primarily focuses on hot-Jupiter atmospheres. Hot-Jupiters are gas-giant exoplanets that orbit their host star at a distance of less than 1au. As they orbit very close to their star, they tend to have a heated and extended atmosphere making them ideal candidates to research about the atmosphere. The findings of my research can determine whether the planet's atmosphere is dominated by silicate clouds, just alkali metals, or both, and, if present, can identify any biosignature gasses.
A Substellar Companion to Pleiades HII 3441
Creators: name: Konishi, Mihoko
name: Matsuo, Taro
name: Yamamoto, Kodai
name: Samland, Matthias
name: Sudo, Jun
name: Shibai, Hiroshi
name: Itoh, Yoichi
name: Fukagawa, Misato
name: Sumi, Takahiro
name: Kudo, Tomoyuki
name: Hashimoto, Jun
name: Kuzuhara, Masayuki
name: Kusakabe, Nobuhiko
name: Abe, Lyu
name: Akiyama, Eiji
name: Brandner, Wolfgang
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
name: Carson, Joseph C.
name: Feldt, Markus
name: Goto, Miwa
name: Grady, Carol A.
name: Guyon, Olivier
name: Hayano, Yutaka
name: Hayashi, Masahiko
name: Hayashi, Saeko S.
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Hodapp, Klaus W.
name: Ishii, Miki
name: Iye, Masanori
name: Janson, Markus
name: Kandori, Ryo
name: Knapp, Gillian R.
name: Kwon, Jungmi
name: Mcelwain, Michael W.
name: Mede, Kyle
name: Miyama, Shoken
name: Morino, Jun-Ichi
name: Moro-Mart'in, Amaya
name: Nishimura, Tetsuo
name: Oh, Daehyeon
name: Pyo, Tae-Soo
name: Serabyn, Eugene
name: Schlieder, Joshua E.
name: Suenaga, Takuya
name: Suto, Hiroshi
name: Suzuki, Ryuji
name: Takahashi, Yasuhiro H.
name: Takami, Michihiro
name: Takato, Naruhisa
name: Terada, Hiroshi
name: Thalmann, Christian
name: Turner, Edwin L.
name: Watanabe, Makoto
name: Wisniewski, John P.
name: Yamada, Toru
name: Takami, Hideki
name: Usuda, Tomonori
name: Tamura, Motohide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find a new substellar companion to the Pleiades member star, Pleiades HII 3441, using the Subaru telescope with adaptive optics. The discovery is made as part of the high-contrast imaging survey to search for planetary-mass and substellar companions in the Pleiades and young moving groups. The companion has a projected separation of 0".49 +/- 0".02 (66 +/- 2 AU) and a mass of 68 +/- 5 M_J based on three observations in the J-, H-, and K_S-band. The spectral type is estimated to be M7 (~2700 K), and thus no methane absorption is detected in the H band. Our Pleiades observations result in the detection of two substellar companions including one previously reported among 20 observed Pleiades stars, and indicate that the fraction of substellar companions in the Pleiades is about 10.0 +26.1/-8.8 %. This is consistent with multiplicity studies of both the Pleiades stars and other open clusters.
description: Main text (14 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables), and Supplementary data (8 pages, 3 tables). Accepted for Publications of Astronomical Society of Japan
Reflective ability and its energy dependence
Creators: name: Troshin, S. M.
name: Tyurin, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the notion of reflective ability and discuss its energy dependence using rational form of unitarization. Correspondence with the phase of exponential unitarization is traced. Increase of the reflective ability of interaction region starts at the LHC energies. Numerical estimates are given.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, revised version accepted in Mod. Physical. Lett. A
Kondo resonance of a Co atom exchange coupled to a ferromagnetic tip
Creators: name: Choi, D. -J.
name: Guissart, S.
name: Ormaza, M.
name: Bachellier, N.
name: Bengone, O.
name: Simon, P.
name: Limot, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kondo effect of a Co atom on Cu(100) was investigated with a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope using a monoatomically sharp nickel tip. Upon a tip-Co contact, the differential conductance spectra exhibit a spin-split asymmetric Kondo resonance. The computed ab initio value of the exchange coupling is too small to suppress the Kondo effect, but sufficiently large to produce the splitting observed. A quantitative analysis of the line shape using the numerical renormalization group technique indicates that the junction spin polarization is weak.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Supplementary material for “Modeling of surface reactions and diffusion mediated by bulk diffusion”
Creators: name: Duda, F. P.
name: Forte Neto, F. S.
name: Fried, E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mechanics
Thermodynamics
Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
Ordinary Differential Equations, Difference Equations and Dynamical Systems
Partial Differential Equations
Numerical Solution of Differential and Integral Equations
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: We develop a continuum framework applicable to solid-state hydrogen storage, cell biology and other scenarios where the diffusion of a single constituent within a bulk region is coupled via adsorption/desorption to reactions and diffusion on the boundary of the region. We formulate content balances for all relevant constituents and formulate thermodynamically consistent constitutive equations. The latter encompass two classes of kinetics for adsorption/desorption and chemical reactions—fast and Marcelin–De Donder, and the second one includes mass action kinetics as a special case. We apply the framework to derive a system consisting of the standard diffusion equation in bulk and FitzHugh–Nagumo type surface reaction–diffusion system of equations on the boundary. We also study the linear stability of a homogeneous steady state in a spherical region and establish sufficient conditions for the occurrence of instabilities driven by surface diffusion. These findings are verified through numerical simulations which reveal that instabilities driven by diffusion lead to the emergence of steady-state spatial patterns from random initial conditions and that bulk diffusion can suppress spatial patterns, in which case temporal oscillations can ensue. We include an extension of our framework that accounts for mechanochemical coupling when the bulk region is occupied by a deformable solid.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Foundational issues, analysis, and geometry in continuum mechanics’.
Intensity-only measurement of partially uncontrollable transmission matrix: demonstration with wave-field shaping in a microwave cavity
Creators: name: del Hougne, Philipp
name: Rajaei, Boshra
name: Daudet, Laurent
name: Lerosey, Geoffroy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transmission matrices (TMs) have become a powerful and widely used tool to describe and control wave propagation in complex media. In certain scenarios the TM is partially uncontrollable, complicating its identification and use. In standard optical wavefront shaping experiments, uncontrollable reflections or additional sources may be the cause; in reverberating cavities, uncontrollable reflections off the walls have that effect. Here we employ phase retrieval techniques to identify such a partially uncontrollable system's TM solely based on random intensity-only reference measurements. We demonstrate the feasibility of our method by focusing both on a single target as well as on multiple targets in a microwave cavity, using a phase-binary Spatial-Microwave-Modulator.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Fiber-coupled plug-and-play heralded single photon source based on Ti:LiNbO$_3$ and polymer technology
Creators: name: Kießler, Christian
name: Conradi, Hauke
name: Kleinert, Moritz
name: Quiring, Viktor
name: Herrmann, Harald
name: Silberhorn, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A reliable, but cost-effective generation of single-photon states is key for practical quantum communication systems. For real-world deployment, waveguide sources offer optimum compatibility with fiber networks and can be embedded in hybrid integrated modules. Here, we present the first chip-size fully integrated fiber-coupled Heralded Single Photon Source (HSPS) module based on a hybrid integration of a nonlinear lithium niobate waveguide into a polymer board. Photon pairs at 810nm (signal) and 1550nm (idler) are generated via parametric down-conversion pumped at 532nm in the $\mathrm{LiNbO_3}$ waveguide. The pairs are splitted in the polymer board and routed to separate output ports. The module has a size of $(2 \times 1)\, \mathrm{cm^2}$ and is fully fiber-coupled with one pump input fiber and two output fibers. We measure a heralded second-order correlation function of $g_h^{(2)}=0.05$ with a heralding efficiency of $η_h=4.5\, \mathrm{\%}$ at low pump powers.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Cooperative Simultaneous Localization and Synchronization in Mobile Agent Networks
Creators: name: Etzlinger, Bernhard
name: Meyer, Florian
name: Hlawatsch, Franz
name: Springer, Andreas
name: Wymeersch, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Cooperative localization in agent networks based on interagent time-of-flight measurements is closely related to synchronization. To leverage this relation, we propose a Bayesian factor graph framework for cooperative simultaneous localization and synchronization (CoSLAS). This framework is suited to mobile agents and time-varying local clock parameters. Building on the CoSLAS factor graph, we develop a distributed (decentralized) belief propagation algorithm for CoSLAS in the practically important case of an affine clock model and asymmetric time stamping. Our algorithm allows for real-time operation and is suitable for a time-varying network connectivity. To achieve high accuracy at reduced complexity and communication cost, the algorithm combines particle implementations with parametric message representations and takes advantage of a conditional independence property. Simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed algorithm in a challenging scenario with time-varying network connectivity.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables; manuscript submitted to IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing
X-ray holography of skyrmionic cocoons in aperiodic magnetic multilayers
Creators: name: Grelier, M.
name: Battistelli, R.
name: Popescu, H.
name: Godel, F.
name: Vecchiola, A.
name: Collin, S.
name: Léveillé, C.
name: Bouzehouane, K.
name: Büttner, F.
name: Cros, V.
name: Jaouen, N.
name: Reyren, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development and characterization of three-dimensional (3D) topological magnetic textures has become an important topic in modern magnetism both for fundamental and technological perspectives. Among the novel 3D spin textures, skyrmionic cocoons have been successfully stabilized in magnetic multilayers having a variable thickness of the ferromagnet in the vertical direction of the stack. These ellipsoidal 3D magnetic textures remain vertically confined in a fraction of the total thickness while coexisting with fully columnar skyrmions. Here, we use X-ray holography with about 15 nm lateral resolution to investigate how their properties depend on the field and temperature. We observe circular objects with different amplitude of contrast which evidences the presence of different 3D objects located in various vertical parts of the multilayer. Moreover, we witness during out-of-plane cycling an attractive interaction between cocoons located at various heights, mainly due to the stray field, which impacts their horizontal positioning. The X-ray holography measurements also allow to determine the size of the cocoons at remanence which, at room temperature, possess diameter close to 100 nm in average. Combining this transmission technique with magnetic force microscopy and micromagnetic simulations gives a precise insight into the 3D distribution of the magnetization which demonstrate the 3D nature of skyrmionic cocoons.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Multi-jet Merging with TMD Parton Branching
Creators: name: Bermudez Martinez, Armando
name: Hautmann, Francesco
name: Mangano, Michelangelo
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: parton, showers
jet, multiplicity
transverse momentum, momentum spectrum
vector boson
quantum chromodynamics
initial state
transverse momentum dependence
hard scattering
CERN LHC Coll
recoil
hadron

description: One of the main theoretical systematics in studies of final states with large jet multiplicities at high-energy hadron colliders is associated with the merging of QCD parton showers and hard-scattering matrix elements. We present a method to incorporate the physics of transverse momentum recoils due to initial-state shower evolution into multi-jet merging algorithms by using the concept of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) distributions and the associated parton branching. We investigate the dependence on the merging scale and illustrate the impact of the new method at the level of both exclusive and inclusive final-state observables by studying differential jet rates, transverse momentum spectra and multiplicity distributions, using vector boson + jets events at the LHC as a case study.
Multi-channel front-end board for SiPM readout
Creators: name: Auger, M.
name: Ereditato, A.
name: Goeldi, D.
name: Kreslo, I.
name: Lorca, D.
name: Luethi, M.
name: von Rohr, C. Rudolf
name: Sinclair, J.
name: Weber, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a novel high-speed front-end electronic board (FEB) for interfacing an array of 32 Silicon Photo-multipliers (SiPM) with a computer. The FEB provides individually adjustable bias on the SiPMs, and performs low-noise analog signal amplification, conditioning and digitization. It provides event timing information accurate to 1.3 ns RMS. The back-end data interface is realized on the basis of 100 Mbps Ethernet. The design allows daisy-chaining of up to 256 units into one network interface, thus enabling compact and efficient readout schemes for multi-channel scintillating detectors, using SiPMs as photo-sensors.
Clumpy and Extended Starbursts in the Brightest Unlensed Submillimeter Galaxies
Creators: name: Iono, Daisuke
name: Yun, Min S.
name: Aretxaga, Itziar
name: Hatsukade, Bunyo
name: Hughes, David
name: Ikarashi, Soh
name: Izumi, Takuma
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
name: Kohno, Kotaro
name: Lee, Minju
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Tamura, Yoichi
name: Ueda, Junko
name: Umehata, Hideki
name: Wilson, Grant
name: Michiyama, Tomonari
name: Ando, Misaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central structure in three of the brightest unlensed z=3-4 submillimeter galaxies are investigated through 0.015" - 0.05" (120 -- 360~pc) 860 micron continuum images obtained using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). The distribution in the central kpc in AzTEC1 and AzTEC8 are extremely complex, and they are composed of multiple ~200 pc clumps. AzTEC4 consists of two sources that are separated by ~1.5 kpc, indicating a mid-stage merger. The peak star formation rate densities in the central clumps are ~300 - 3000 Msun/yr/kpc^2, suggesting regions with extreme star formation near the Eddington Limit. By comparing the flux obtained by ALMA and Submillimeter Array (SMA), we find that 68-90% of the emission is extended (> 1 kpc) in AzTEC 4 and 8. For AzTEC1, we identify at least 11 additional compact (~200 pc) clumps in the extended 3 - 4 kpc region. Overall, the data presented here suggest that the luminosity surface densities observed at < 150 pc scales are roughly similar to that observed in local ULIRGs, as in the eastern nucleus of Arp 220. Between 10 to 30% of the 860 micron continuum is concentrated in clumpy structures in the central kpc while the remaining flux is distributed over > 1 kpc regions, some of which could also be clumpy. These sources can be explained by a rapid inflow of gas such as a merger of gas-rich galaxies, surrounded by extended and clumpy starbursts. However, the cold mode accretion model is not ruled out.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, ApJL accepted
Competition of superconductivity with the structural transition in Mo3Sb7
Creators: name: Ye, G. Z.
name: Cheng, J. -G.
name: Yan, J. -Q.
name: Sun, J. P.
name: Matsubayashi, K.
name: Yamauchi, T.
name: Okada, T.
name: Zhou, Q.
name: Parker, D. S.
name: Sales, B. C.
name: Uwatoko, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Prior to the superconducting transition at Tc = 2.3 K, Mo3Sb7 undergoes a symmetry-lowering, cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition at Ts = 53 K. We have monitored the pressure dependence of these two transitions by measuring the resistivity of Mo3Sb7 single crystals under various hydrostatic pressures up to 15 GPa. The application of external pressure enhances Tc but suppresses Ts until Pc ~ 10 GPa, above which a pressure-induced first order structural transition takes place and is manifested by the phase coexistence in the pressure range 8 < P < 12 GPa. The cubic phase above 12 GPa is also found to be superconducting with a higher Tc =6 K that decreases slightly with further increasing pressure. The variations with pressure of Tc and Ts satisfy the Bilbro-McMillan equation, i.e. Tc^nTs^(1-n) = constant, thus suggesting the competition of superconductivity with the structural transition that has been proposed to be accompanied with a spin-gap formation at Ts. This scenario is supported by our first-principles calculations which imply the plausible importance of magnetism that competes with the superconductivity in Mo3Sb7.
description: 6 figures, Submitted to PRB
Crystal orientation dependent spin pumping in Bi0.1Y2.9Fe5O12/Pt interface
Creators: name: Gurjar, Ganesh
name: Sharma, Vinay
name: De, Avirup
name: Nair, Sunil
name: Patnaik, S.
name: Kuanr, Bijoy K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) based spin pumping is a versatile tool to quantify the spin mixing conductance and spin to charge conversion (S2CC) efficiency of ferromagnet/normal metal (FM/NM) heterostructure. The spin mixing conductance of FM/NM interface can also be tuned by the crystal orientation symmetry of epitaxial FM. In this work, we study the S2CC in epitaxial Bismuth substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet (Bi0.1Y2.9Fe5O12) thin films Bi-YIG (100 nm) interfaced with heavy metal platinum (Pt (8 nm)) deposited by pulsed laser deposition process on different crystal orientation Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrates i.e. [100] and [111]. The crystal structure and surface roughness characterized by X-Ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements establish epitaxial Bi-YIG[100], Bi-YIG[111] orientations and atomically flat surfaces respectively. The S2CC quantification has been realized by two complimentary techniques, (i) FMR-based spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) at GHz frequency and (ii) temperature dependent spin Seebeck measurements. FMR-ISHE results demonstrate that the [111] oriented Bi-YIG/Pt sample shows significantly higher values of spin mixing conductance ((2.31+-0.23)x10^18 m^-2) and spin Hall angle (0.01+-0.001) as compared to the [100] oriented Bi-YIG/Pt. A longitudinal spin Seebeck measurement reveals that the [111] oriented sample has higher spin Seebeck coefficient (106.40+-10 nV mm-1 K-1). This anisotropic nature of spin mixing conductance and spin Seebeck coefficient in [111] and [100] orientation has been discussed using the magnetic environment elongation along the surface normal or parallel to the growth direction. Our results aid in understanding the role of crystal orientation symmetry in S2CC based spintronics devices.
Unfinished Business in A Nonlinear Sigma Model on de Sitter Background
Creators: name: Woodard, R. P.
name: Yesilyurt, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear sigma models on de Sitter background possess the same kind of derivative interactions as gravity, and show the same sorts of large spacetime logarithms in correlation functions and solutions to the effective field equations. It was recently demonstrated that these logarithms can be resummed by combining a variant of Starobinsky's stochastic formalism with a variant of the renormalization group. This work considers one of these models and completes two pieces of analysis which were left unfinished: the evolution of the background at two loop order and the one loop beta function.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, uses LaTeX2e, Version 2 revised for publication with 5 figures and length of 25 pages
Particle dynamics in discs with turbulence generated by the vertical shear instability
Creators: name: Stoll, Moritz H. R.
name: Kley, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Among the candidates for generating turbulence in accretion discs in situations with low intrinsic ionization the vertical shear instability (VSI) has become an interesting candidate, as it relies purely on a vertical gradient in the angular velocity. Existing simulations have shown that $α$-values a few times $10^{-4}$ can be generated. The particle growth in the early planet formation phase is determined by the dynamics of dust particles. Here, we address in particular the efficiency of VSI-turbulence in concentrating particles in order to generate overdensities and low collision velocities. We perform 3D numerical hydrodynamical simulations of accretion discs around young stars that include radiative transport and irradiation from the central star. The motion of particles within a size range of a fraction of mm up to several m is followed using standard drag formula. We confirm that under realistic conditions the VSI is able to generate turbulence in full 3D protoplanetary discs. The irradiated disc shows turbulence within 10 to 60au. The mean radial motion of the gas is such that it is directed inward near the midplane and outward in the surface layers. We find that large particles drift inward with the expected speed, while small particles can experience phases of outward drift. Additionally, the particles show bunching behaviour with overdensities reaching 5 times the average value, which is strongest for dimensionless stopping times around unity. Particles in a VSI-turbulent discs are concentrated in large scale turbulent eddies and show low relative speeds that allow for growing collisions. The reached overdensities will also allow for the onset streaming instabilities further enhancing particle growth. The outward drift for small particles at higher disk elevations allows for the transport of processed high temperature material in the Solar System to larger distances.
Soil Tillage Quality Measurement: A Methodical Approach
Creators: name: Graf, Marina
name: Fuchshumer, Franz
name: Geimer, Marcus
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2024
Subjects: Tillage
Agricultural Process Quality
Measurement Method
Process Sensor Technol-ogy

description: This paper presents a methodical approach for measuring the process quality of the agricultural task soil tillage. This is a crucial step towards the development of automation in the context of autonomous agricultural field work. Therefore, the relevant parameters that define the process quality for autonomous tillage must be identified. These parameters depend on the agricultural task, such as primary tillage, stubble cultivation, or seedbed preparation, and are based on the farmer’s expertise and focus. The quality parameters are the identified set of parameters for each task that indicate the quality of the process. For each individual parameter, the proposed measurement method can be applied. The method involves three basic steps. (1) Different algorithms are implemented to characterize the quality parameter based on, e.g., 3D point cloud data or image data. The algorithms are verified in a deterministic environment, such as a simulation environment or a test bench. (2) Afterwards, the Spearman correlation coefficient of the var-ious parameter metrics is analyzed to cluster the metrics into groups with similar physical properties. Based on the clustering, parameters can be chosen considering defined criteria (low resource-intensive, sensor-setup specific, etc.). (3) Finally, the selection of the parameter metric is validated by testing the implementation infield, considering challenging cases, anomalies, and influencing factors such as work-ing speed or soil dependencies. The measurement method for the quality parameter could be used to derive a model that describes the variation of the parameters concerning the degrees of freedom of the agricultural task, e.g. the working speed or working depth for the tillage process.
Development of a model to investigate the effect of the bias in SNIa measurements related to the inhomogeneity of space
Creators: name: Deledicque, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested recently that the appparent accelerated expansion of the universe could be explained by a bias in the SNIa measurements. Such events indeed occur mainly in overdense regions, where matter is located, and whose dynamics can perhaps not been considered as representative of the one of the universe. In this article, we develop a model to investigate in more detail the effect of this bias. This model depends on one single parameter, related to the void fraction of space, and leads to simple analytical relations. We in particular determine the average metric tensor in overdense regions, and deduce that the scale factor and the rate at which time progresses in such regions differ significantly from the corresponding values expected on the average space. We then quantitatively deduce how redshift and luminosity distance measurements are affected by the bias, taking into account the perturbation of the metric tensor. Using a value for the void fraction corresponding to the order of magnitude found in the literature, we show that the model is able to predict a distance modulus versus redshift relation being in excellent aggreement with the one corresponding to a universe characterized by $Ω_{m,0} = 0.3$ and $Ω_{Λ,0} = 0.7$.
description: 15 pages
Random Teachers are Good Teachers
Creators: name: Sarnthein, Felix
name: Bachmann, Gregor
name: Anagnostidis, Sotiris
name: Hofmann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the implicit regularization induced by teacher-student learning dynamics in self-distillation. To isolate its effect, we describe a simple experiment where we consider teachers at random initialization instead of trained teachers. Surprisingly, when distilling a student into such a random teacher, we observe that the resulting model and its representations already possess very interesting characteristics; (1) we observe a strong improvement of the distilled student over its teacher in terms of probing accuracy. (2) The learned representations are data-dependent and transferable between different tasks but deteriorate strongly if trained on random inputs. (3) The student checkpoint contains sparse subnetworks, so-called lottery tickets, and lies on the border of linear basins in the supervised loss landscape. These observations have interesting consequences for several important areas in machine learning: (1) Self-distillation can work solely based on the implicit regularization present in the gradient dynamics without relying on any dark knowledge, (2) self-supervised learning can learn features even in the absence of data augmentation and (3) training dynamics during the early phase of supervised training do not necessarily require label information. Finally, we shed light on an intriguing local property of the loss landscape: the process of feature learning is strongly amplified if the student is initialized closely to the teacher. These results raise interesting questions about the nature of the landscape that have remained unexplored so far. Code is available at https://github.com/safelix/dinopl.
Spin-orbit coupling controlled $J=3/2$ electronic ground state in 5$d^{3}$ oxides
Creators: name: Taylor, A. E.
name: Calder, S.
name: Morrow, R.
name: Feng, H. L.
name: Upton, M. H.
name: Lumsden, M. D.
name: Yamaura, K.
name: Woodward, P. M.
name: Christianson, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement of spin and orbital degrees of freedom drives the formation of novel quantum and topological physical states. Discovering new spin-orbit entangled ground states and emergent phases of matter requires both experimentally probing the relevant energy scales and applying suitable theoretical models. Here we report resonant inelastic x-ray scattering measurements of the transition metal oxides Ca$_3$LiOsO$_6$ and Ba$_2$YOsO$_6$. We invoke an intermediate coupling approach that incorporates both spin-orbit coupling and electron-electron interactions on an even footing and reveal the ground state of $5d^3$ based compounds, which has remained elusive in previously applied models, is a novel spin-orbit entangled J=3/2 electronic ground state. This work reveals the hidden diversity of spin-orbit controlled ground states in 5d systems and introduces a new arena in the search for spin-orbit controlled phases of matter.
description: main text plus supplemental information
Effect of Burstiness on the Air Transportation System
Creators: name: Ito, Hidetaka
name: Nishinari, Katsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of burstiness in complex networks has received considerable attention. In particular, its effect on temporal distance and delays in the air transportation system is significant owing to their huge impact on our society. Therefore, in this paper, we propose two indexes of temporal distance based on passengers' behavior and analyze the effect. As a result, we find that burstiness shortens the temporal distance while delays are increased. Moreover, we discover that the positive effect of burstiness is lost when flight schedules get overcrowded.
description: 18 pages, 21 figures
Lepton portal dark matter at muon colliders: Total rates and generic features for phenomenologically viable scenarios
Creators: name: Jueid, Adil
name: Nasri, Salah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lepton portal dark matter (DM) models are a class of models where the DM candidates solely couple to charged leptons through a mediator carrying a lepton number. These models are very interesting since they avoid constraints from direct detection experiments even for coupling of order ${\cal O}(1)$, they have small annihilation cross sections, and can be probed efficiently at lepton colliders. In this work, we consider a minimal lepton portal DM model which consists of extending the SM with two $SU(2)_L$ singlets: a charged scalar singlet and an electrically neutral right-handed fermion. We systematically study the production mechanisms of DM at multi-TeV muon colliders. After considering all the possible theoretical and experimental constraints and studying the phenomenology of lepton flavour violation and DM in the muon-philic scenario, we analyse the production rates of 54 channels (26 channels for prompt DM production and 28 channels for charged scalar production) at multi-TeV muon colliders. Finally, we discuss the possible collider signatures of some channels and the corresponding backgrounds. We find that at least 9 channels for DM production can be very efficient in testing DM with masses up to about $1$ TeV.
description: 23 pages, 4 tables and 8 figures