cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How Effective are Cash Transfer Programs at Improving Nutritional Status?
Creators: name: Manley, James G.
name: Gitter, Seth R.
name: Slavchevska, Vanya
name: Manley, James G.
name: Gitter, Seth R.
name: Slavchevska, Vanya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: cash transfers
subject: nutrition
subject: child health

description: Conditional cash transfer programmes are a widely applied social protection scheme that has achieved successes in fighting poverty worldwide. A large literature has sprung up around these programmes, yet two questions remain. First, why do conditional cash transfer programmes show no consistent relationship with the nutritional status of recipient children? Second, conditionalities are expensive: to what extent is the conditional character of cash transfer programmes the reason for their success? To answer these questions, we reviewed the literature linking nutritional status to interventions involving cash transfers in developing countries. After surveying 30,000 articles we identified 19 such studies of 15 social assistance programmes and found that the weighted average impact of all estimates was very close to zero. To investigate the pathways behind success and failure we assembled data on a variety of study, programme, recipient, and country characteristics, and used statistical meta-analysis to investigate correlations between these covariates and estimated impacts. Our key findings include higher marginal effects in the most disadvantaged areas and that girls benefit more than boys. We find that in our sample, conditional programmes accomplish slightly less than unconditional programmes though the difference is not statistically significant. However, this hides an important dichotomy. Conditionalities with health components have a slightly lower effect than unconditional programmes but are statistically indistinguishable, while other types of requirements strongly inhibit growth. We also find higher marginal effects in countries with poorer health care systems. Because of the ambiguity and potential for both help and harm, we conclude that programme evaluation must be integrated into such interventions. One important outcome of our search is a list of evaluated programmes which can now be used as a starting point for future research qualitatively investigating causal pathways behind the broad correlations we have identified.
description: PDF file removed temporarily by authors for revision.
Neutrino Interactions in the Outflow from Gamma-Ray Burst Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Surman, R.
name: McLaughlin, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the composition of matter as it flows away from gamma ray burst accretion disks, in order to determine what sort of nucleosynthesis may occur. Since there is a large flux of neutrinos leaving the surface of the disk, the electron fraction of the outflowing material will change due to charged current neutrino interactions. We calculate the electron fraction in the wind using detailed neutrino fluxes from every point on the disk and study a range of trajectories and outflow conditions for several different accretion disk models. We find that low electron fractions, conducive to making r-process elements, only appear in outflows from disks with high accretion rates that have a significant region both of trapped neutrinos and antineutrinos. Disks with lower accretion rates that have only a significant region of trapped neutrinos can have outflows with very high electron fractions, whereas the lowest accretion rate disks with little trapping have outflow electrons fractions of closer to one half.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Asymptotic behaviour of curvature and matter in the Penrose limit
Creators: name: Kunze, Kerstin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asymptotic behaviour of the components of the Weyl tensor and of the energy-momentum tensor in the Penrose limit is determined. In both cases a peeling-off property is found. Examples of different types of matter are provided. The expansion and shear of the congruence of null geodesics along which the Penrose limit is taken are determined. Finally, the approach to the singularity in the Penrose limit of cosmological space-times is discussed.
description: 12 pages
Localization and Structure of Plastidial-Encoded Polymerase Sub-units
Creators: name: Criado, Andres Guerrero
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60112 Structural Biology (incl. Macromolecular Modelling)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60702 Plant Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: Molecular Physics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 60101 Analytical Biochemistry
subject: 60199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Techniques
subject: Biophysics
subject: Botany
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 60103 Cell Development, Proliferation and Death
subject: 60106 Cellular Interactions (incl. Adhesion, Matrix, Cell Wall)
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60405 Gene Expression (incl. Microarray and other genome-wide approaches)
subject: Genetics
subject: 60499 Genetics not elsewhere classified
subject: 60407 Genome Structure and Regulation
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60799 Plant Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 60703 Plant Developmental and Reproductive Biology
subject: 60704 Plant Pathology
subject: 60705 Plant Physiology
subject: 20201 Atomic and Molecular Physics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 29901 Biological Physics

description: Chloroplast biogenesis is a quintessential process In plants for the acquisition of photo-autotrophy. The path towards chloroplast biogenesis begins with the inhibition of skotomorphogenesis (That is the growth program in the dark), followed by photomorphogenesis through phytochrome-mediated red light sensing leading to the initiation of chloroplast biogenesis. We have observed that plants do not develop properly and show an albino phenotype when PAPs are lacking, indicating that chloroplast biogenesis does not occur. Previous experiments have shown that a complex dubbed Plastid Encoded Polymerase (PEP) interacting with Polymerase Associated Proteins (PAP) is the major player in setting a functional chloroplast. Given the semi-autonomous nature of the chloroplast genome, it is established that a cross-talk must occur with the nuclear genome. The white (albino) phenotype is observed with the genetic excision of any single PAP, indicating that the whole complex is no longer able to form or function. Interestingly both a chloroplastic-transit peptide and a nuclear localization signal have been predicted within the sequences of six PAP proteins. To validate these predictions and gain insight on the role of selected PAP proteins, I have chosen to pursue the subcellular localization and protein-protein interactions of these essential proteins. Moreover structural characterization will help us understand the function of each of these proteins within the PEP/PAP complex.
Hog Insurance Adoption and Suppliers' Discrimination: A Bivariate Probit Model with Partial Observability
Creators: name: Cao, Ying
name: Zhang, Yuehua
name: Cao, Ying
name: Zhang, Yuehua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Development
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Livestock Insurance Choices
subject: Bivariate Probit
subject: Partial Observability

description: This paper explores the factors that impact insurance choices. Specially designed survey questions allow one to fully observe the demand tendency by the farmers and partially observe the supply tendency by the insurance company. A joint estimation of insurance decision by both supply and demand sides suggested that factors performing different roles in affecting insurance participation game. Farmer’s age and education have positive impact on insurance demand, but are indifference to the insurance providers. Insurance suppliers care more about farmers’ experience in the field, but this experience occasionally results in overconfidence for the farmers and hence, impedes insurance purchasing. Production scales, proxy by sow inventory, is put more weight by the farmers than the suppliers when making decisions. Production efficiency measures, which performs as incentives for farmers to purchase insurance, acts as some disadvantages in the suppliers’ point of view. While the suppliers prefer customers who use vaccine, the hog producers tend to treat vaccine as a substitute for insurance so as to prevent disease risk. The study also generates discussion on the topics such as short-run vs. long-run factor impact by comparing past insurance choices and current choices. Information on choices regarding different types of insurance (hog and breeding sow) is also discussed. Results from bivairate probit model offers deeper understanding about livestock insurance choices and further insights to improve policy design and promote participation.
Graphene-Quantum Dots Hybrid Photodetectors with Low Dark-Current Readout
Creators: name: De Fazio, D.
name: Uzlu, B.
name: Torre, I.
name: Monasterio, C.
name: Gupta, S.
name: Khodkov, T.
name: Bi, Y.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Otto, M.
name: Lemme, M. C.
name: Goossens, S.
name: Neumaier, D.
name: Koppens, F. H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene-based photodetectors have shown responsivities up to 10$^8$A/W and photoconductive gains up to 10$^{8}$ electrons per photon. These photodetectors rely on a highly absorbing layer in close proximity of graphene, which induces a shift of the graphene chemical potential upon absorption, hence modifying its channel resistance. However, due to the semi-metallic nature of graphene, the readout requires dark currents of hundreds of $μ$A up to mA, leading to high power consumption needed for the device operation. Here we propose a novel approach for highly responsive graphene-based photodetectors with orders of magnitude lower dark current levels. A shift of the graphene chemical potential caused by light absorption in a layer of colloidal quantum dots, induces a variation of the current flowing across a metal-insulator-graphene diode structure. Owing to the low density of states of graphene near the neutrality point, the light-induced shift in chemical potential can be relatively large, dramatically changing the amount of current flowing across the insulating barrier, and giving rise to a novel type of gain mechanism. This readout requires dark currents of hundreds of nA up to few $μ$A, orders of magnitude lower than other graphene-based photodetectors, while keeping responsivities of $\sim$70A/W in the infrared, almost two orders of magnitude higher compared to established germanium on silicon and indium gallium arsenide infrared photodetectors. This makes the device appealing for applications where high responsivity and low power consumption are required.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Wadi Balad Station Plan
Creators: name: Scaife, O.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Station near Dolorite quarry at upper end of w. Bilih below SW spur of G. Dokhan" (wrongly presented as Belih by Reddé, Golvin 1987, fig. 29)
Atmospheric dynamics in carbon-rich Miras. II. Models meet observations
Creators: name: Nowotny, W.
name: Lebzelter, T.
name: Hron, J.
name: Hoefner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Originating in different depths of the very extended atmospheres of AGB stars, various molecular spectral lines observable in the near-infrared show diverse behaviours and can be used to probe atmospheric dynamics throughout the outer layers of these pulsating red giants. In Nowotny et al. (2005, Paper I) time series of synthetic high-resolution spectra were presented, computed from a dynamic model atmosphere for a typical carbon-rich Mira. In this work, line profile shapes, their variations during the lightcycle and radial velocities derived from wavelength shifts are analyzed and compared with results from observed FTS spectra of the C-rich Mira S Cep and other Miras. It is found that the global velocity structure of the model is in qualitative agreement with observations. Radial velocities of molecular lines sampling different layers behave comparably, although some differences are apparant concerning absolute values. A correction factor of p=1.36 between measured RVs and actual gas velocities is derived for CO dv=3 lines. It is shown that dynamic model atmospheres are capable of reproducing Mira spectra without introducing an additional ''static layer'' proposed by several authors.
description: accepted by A&A, 12 pages, 10 figures
Seed-packed dielectric barrier device for plasma agriculture: understanding its electrical properties through an equivalent electrical model
Creators: name: Judée, Florian
name: Dufour, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Seeds have been packed in a dielectric barrier device where cold atmospheric plasma has been generated to improve their germinative properties. A special attention has been paid on understanding the resulting plasma electrical properties through an equivalent electrical model whose experimental validity has been demonstrated here. In this model, the interelectrode gap is subdivided into 4 types of elementary domains, according to whether they contain electric charges (or not) and according to their type of medium (gas, seed or insulator). The model enables to study the influence of seeds on the plasma electrical properties by measuring and deducing several parameters (charge per filament, gas capacitance, plasma power, ...) either in no-bed configuration (i.e. no seed in the reactor) or in packed-bed configuration (seeds in the reactor). In that second case, we have investigated how seeds can influence the plasma electrical parameters considering six specimens of seeds (beans, radishes, corianders, lentils, sunflowers and corns). The influence of molecular oxygen (0-100 sccm) mixed with a continuous flow rate of helium (2 slm) is also investigated, especially through filaments breakdown voltages, charge per filament and plasma power. It is demonstrated that such bed-packing drives to an increase in the gas capacitance, to a decrease in the beta-parameter and to variations of the filaments' breakdown voltages in a seed-dependent manner. Finally, we show how the equivalent electrical model can be used to assess the total volume of the contact points, the capacitance of the seeds in the packed-bed configuration and we demonstrate that germinative effects can be induced by plasma on four of the six agronomical specimens.
Analyzing Market Price Transmission, Government Intervention and Weather Shocks for Rice Market in the Philippines
Creators: name: Jolejole-Foreman, Maria Christina
name: Mallory, Mindy L.
name: Jolejole-Foreman, Maria Christina
name: Mallory, Mindy L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Vector-auto-regression
subject: Price-Margin
subject: Rice
subject: Philippines
subject: Policy

description: In the Philippines, where rice is considered the most important food crop, attempts to influence rice prices have been prevalent. The government, through National Food Authority (NFA) has sought to establish stocks and control imports to stabilize prices since its establishment in 1972 to support farm gate prices and reduce retail price of rice. But data shows divergence in retail prices and farm prices since mid 1960s. In this paper, we use vector autoregression (VAR) to analyze the movement of Philippine rice margins with government stocks and weather supply shocks to able to determine government effectiveness in actual times of market stress. Comparing VARs across regions, we are able to identify the regions in which price margins are significantly affected by government intervention measures.
Local heuristics and the emergence of spanning subgraphs in complex networks
Creators: name: Stauffer, A. O.
name: Barbosa, V. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.2; F.2.2

description: We study the use of local heuristics to determine spanning subgraphs for use in the dissemination of information in complex networks. We introduce two different heuristics and analyze their behavior in giving rise to spanning subgraphs that perform well in terms of allowing every node of the network to be reached, of requiring relatively few messages and small node bandwidth for information dissemination, and also of stretching paths with respect to the underlying network only modestly. We contribute a detailed mathematical analysis of one of the heuristics and provide extensive simulation results on random graphs for both of them. These results indicate that, within certain limits, spanning subgraphs are indeed expected to emerge that perform well in respect to all requirements. We also discuss the spanning subgraphs' inherent resilience to failures and adaptability to topological changes.
Syntactic Structure from Deep Learning
Creators: name: Linzen, Tal
name: Baroni, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern deep neural networks achieve impressive performance in engineering applications that require extensive linguistic skills, such as machine translation. This success has sparked interest in probing whether these models are inducing human-like grammatical knowledge from the raw data they are exposed to, and, consequently, whether they can shed new light on long-standing debates concerning the innate structure necessary for language acquisition. In this article, we survey representative studies of the syntactic abilities of deep networks, and discuss the broader implications that this work has for theoretical linguistics.
description: In press at Annual Reviews of Linguistics
Influence of Course Delivery Method and Proctoring on Performance in Introductory Economics
Creators: name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: Online
subject: Assessment
subject: Education
subject: Economics

description: Student performances on the final exam in introductory economics courses taught online and in the classroom were compared to consider the effect of proctoring the final exam. Students who took a course in the classroom did better on a proctored final exam than those taking the course online. Students in an online class taking a non-proctored final exam online scored more than one full letter grade higher than those taking a proctored final.
description: This work was published in the Review of Agricultural Economics. See Wachenheim, C.J. 2009. Final Exam Scores in Introductory Economics Courses: Effect of Course Delivery Method and Proctoring. Review of Agricultural Economics 31(3), pp. 640-652.
Additional file 1 of Body mass index and risk of connective and soft tissue cancer: results from a large cohort of 1.7 million individuals in Norway
Creators: name: Aune, Dagfinn
name: Nordsletten, Marie
name: Myklebust, Tor Åge
name: Robsahm, Trude Eid
name: Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen
name: Mala, Tom
name: Yaqub, Sheraz
name: Saeed, Usman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
The PNE prize home : Tradition and change
Creators: name: Mackenzie, M. Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In 1934, a proposal was put forward to the Vancouver Exhibition Association's Board of Control to construct a 'model bungalow,' charge visitors ten cents admission and draw their ticket stubs on the last day of the exhibition - Labour Day - to select the winner of the house. The $3,000 house was moved to its lot a block away from the fairgrounds by a team of horses. Seventy years later, a modular home building company constructed a Prize Home for the renamed Pacific National Exhibition (PNE), the Lower Mainland's annual fair. Worth $700,000, its design was a blend of East Coast Cape Cod and West Coast casual styles. Fairgoers and others (online) bought five-dollar tickets. After Labour Day, the house modules were moved by truck and barge to its present location on the Sunshine Coast, many miles from the fairground. Society's values are expressed through architecture and our homes tell us much about our individual preferences. The Prize Homes have appealed to a large middle ground and, as society has become more conservative, so has the Prize Home. The modern homes, popular through the early 1980s, have been replaced with more traditional styles just as the world of possibilities and modernity of those earlier years have been replaced with our more complacent era, perhaps more premodern than postmodern With few exceptions, the Prize Home has captured the imagination of fairgoers. Buying a ticket means buying a dream - a single family home and the life it entails. Two-hour lineups for entry to the home and increasing ticket sales continue in spite of recent competition from other home lotteries. Increasing profits, promotion of local manufacturers and products and attraction itself have been major goals for the PNE. The established format of the Prize Home coupled with the lure of the single-family home have combined with changing players, styles, materials and final site locations to continually produce the dream come true.
Phase transitions and behavior of kaons in hot and dense matter
Creators: name: de Sousa, C. A.
name: Costa, Pedro
name: Ruivo, M. C.
name: Kalinovsky, Yu. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study phase transitions and the behavior of kaons in hot and dense matter, giving special attention to the role of strange quarks. At T=0, it is found that the fraction of the strange valence quarks affects the energy per particle of the system, without changing the nature of the phase transition, and, on the other side, it has meaningful effects on the behavior of kaons and antikaons masses. The phase behavior of kaons in the $T-ρ$ plane is analyzed in connection with the chiral phase transition.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure. Talk given at 6th Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum, Villasimius, Sardinia, Italy, 21-25 Sep 2004
Estimating the Impact of Food and Drug Administration Regulation of Cigarette Package Warning Labels and the Potential Added Impact of Plain Packaging: Evidence From Experimental Auctions Among Adult Smokers
Creators: name: Thrasher, James F.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Hammond, David
name: Navarro, Ashley
name: Corrigan, Jay R.
name: Thrasher, James F.
name: Rousu, Matthew C.
name: Hammond, David
name: Navarro, Ashley
name: Corrigan, Jay R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: experimental auctions
subject: cigarette labels
subject: grotesque images

description: Objective-To estimate differences in demand for cigarette packages with different packaging and health warning label formats. Methods: Adult smokers (n=404) in four states participated in experimental auctions. Participants bid on two of four experimental conditions, each involving a different health warning label format but with the same warning message: 1. text on 50% of pack side; 2. text on 50% of the pack front and back; 3. text with a graphic picture on 50% of the pack front and back; and 4. same as previous format, but without brand imagery. Results: Mean bids decreased across conditions (1. $3.52; 2. $3.43; 3. $3.11; 4. $2.93). Bivariate and multivariate random effects models indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in demand for packs with either of the two text only warnings; however, demand was significantly lower for both packs with prominent pictorial warnings, with the lowest demand associated with the plain, unbranded pack. Conclusions: Results suggest that prominent health warnings with graphic pictures will reduce demand for cigarettes. Regulators should not only consider this type of warning label, but also plain packaging policies for tobacco products.
RuBQ: A Russian Dataset for Question Answering over Wikidata
Creators: name: Korablinov, Vladislav
name: Braslavski, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper presents RuBQ, the first Russian knowledge base question answering (KBQA) dataset. The high-quality dataset consists of 1,500 Russian questions of varying complexity, their English machine translations, SPARQL queries to Wikidata, reference answers, as well as a Wikidata sample of triples containing entities with Russian labels. The dataset creation started with a large collection of question-answer pairs from online quizzes. The data underwent automatic filtering, crowd-assisted entity linking, automatic generation of SPARQL queries, and their subsequent in-house verification.
Casimir-like force arising from quantum fluctuations in a slow-moving dilute Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Roberts, D. C.
name: Pomeau, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate a force due to zero-temperature quantum fluctuations on a stationary object in a moving superfluid flow. We model the object by a localized potential varying only in the flow direction and model the flow by a three-dimensional weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensate at zero temperature. We show that this force exists for any arbitrarily small flow velocity and discuss the implications for the stability of superfluid flow.
description: v3: revised discussion of toroidal geometry; replotted figure; minor editorial changes; quantitative and qualitative conclusions remain unchanged
Additional file 1 of Barriers and facilitators to a task-shifted stroke prevention program for children with sickle cell anemia in a community hospital: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Bello-Manga, Halima
name: Haliru, Lawal
name: Ahmed, Kudirat
name: Ige, Samuel
name: Musa, Hayatu
name: Muhammad-Idris, Zainab Kwaru
name: Monday, Binshak
name: Sani, Abdulrashid M.
name: Bonnet, Kemberlee
name: Schlundt, David G.
name: Varughese, Taniya
name: Tabari, Abdulkadir M.
name: DeBaun, Michael R.
name: Baumann, Ana A.
name: King, Allison A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Involvement of ERalpha and ERbeta in estradiol-induced enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis and sexual behaviour
Creators: name: Mazzucco, Christine Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this study we investigated the involvement of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in both sexual behaviour and estradiol-induced enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult female rat. Our study utilized recently available subtype selective alpha and beta estrogen receptor (ER) agonists, propyl-pyrazole triol (PPT) and diarylpropionitrile (DPN) to examine each receptor's contribution, individual and co-operative, for these primarily estradiol-mediated processes. To evaluate sexual behaviour and cell proliferation, rats were bi-laterally ovariectomized (OVX) and received subcutaneous injections of estradiol (10 (ag), PPT and DPN alone (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg /0.1 ml DMSO) or in combination (2.5 mg PPT + 2.5 mg DPN/ 0.1 ml DMSO). For experiment 1, our findings demonstrate that ERalpha is involved in eliciting both proceptive and receptive behaviour. Our laboratory has previously found that estradiol increases cell proliferation within 4 hrs in the dentate gyrus of adult female rats, therefore, for experiment 2 we administered estradiol or the agonist(s) 4 hrs prior to the cell synthesis marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 200 mg/kg). DPN enhanced cell proliferation by approximately 40% at all three administered doses (1.25 mg, p<0.008; 2.5 mg, p<0.003; 5 mg, p< 0.005), whereas PPT showed increased cell proliferation (by approximately 50%, p< 0.0002) at a specific dose of 2.5 mg. Our results demonstrate both ERalpha and ERbeta are individually involved in estradiol-enhanced cell proliferation. Dual receptor activation resulted in decreased levels of proceptivity, receptivity and cell proliferation, compared to either agonist alone, supporting previous studies suggesting that ERalpha and ERbeta may modulate each other's activity. Our results demonstrate the exclusive involvement of each ER subtype in two distinct physiological processes, sexual behaviour and hippocampal cell proliferation and suggest that a component of ER regulated cell proliferation may take place through alternative ligand and/or cell-signaling mechanisms.
Additional file 2 of Body mass index and risk of connective and soft tissue cancer: results from a large cohort of 1.7 million individuals in Norway
Creators: name: Aune, Dagfinn
name: Nordsletten, Marie
name: Myklebust, Tor Åge
name: Robsahm, Trude Eid
name: Skålhegg, Bjørn Steen
name: Mala, Tom
name: Yaqub, Sheraz
name: Saeed, Usman
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Putting the Spotlight on Attribute Definition: a knowledge base approach
Creators: name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: Rogers, Abbie A.
name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: Rogers, Abbie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Attributes definition is a crucial, yet neglected topic of critical inquiry in the choice modelling literature. In a policy context, attributes should reflect public interests. However, guidance on how to go about achieving this criterion is lacking. To address this concern, we offer a novel approach to attribute definition – the knowledge base approach. A knowledge base is the particular ‘lens’ through which a shared understanding of a topic is gained (i.e. different groups of people view the world in different ways). Knowledge bases have been used in evidence-based policy to account for different sources of information and perspectives in complex policy settings, with the intention of improving policy and program development. The knowledge base approach was applied to the design of a choice experiment, specifically looking at conservation priorities for the waterways and wetlands in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. We conclude that the approach is both comprehensive and expedient, and could improve the selection of attributes for choice experiments that value policy or program change.
Vacuum Instability
Creators: name: Wesson, Paul S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following fresh attempts to resolve the problem of the energy density of the vacuum, we reconsider the case where the cosmological constant is derived from a higher-dimensional version of general relativity, and interpret the gauge-dependence of $Λ$ as a dynamical effect. This leads to a relation between the change in $Λ$ and the line element (action) which is independent of gauge choices and fundamental constants: $dΛds^{2}=-3$. This implies that the (classical) vacuum is unstable, with implications for particle production.
Comparing Scientist and Public Preferences for Conserving Environmental Systems: A Case of the Kimberley’s Tropical Waterways and Wetlands
Creators: name: Rogers, Abbie A.
name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: Rogers, Abbie A.
name: Cleland, Jonelle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This study uses choice modelling to investigate public and expert preference divergence through a valuation of the Kimberley’s tropical waterways and wetlands in Western Australia. A sample of Australian tropical river scientists participated in an identical survey to the West Australian public. Within the public sample, a split survey design is utilised to examine the effects of information on preferences – a low information version provided sufficient information for respondents to participate in the survey, while a high information version provided a more thorough and detailed description of the attributes. Divergent preferences are apparent between the public and scientist samples. This is illustrated through two key results: first, an attempt to merge the data for each of the samples is rejected; and second, there are differences in conservation preferences. The scientists had stronger preferences to protect system based attributes and threatened species, and were generally not willing to pay to protect iconic attributes. The public, on the other hand, held positive and more evenly spread values for all attributes. Information had an impact on public preferences, particularly through the rejection of a combined low/high information model, but also with respect to the iconic species attribute, where there is a pattern of decreasing willingness to pay as information level increases.
Zurek-Kibble Mechanism for the Spontaneous Vortex Formation in $Nb-Al/Al_{ox}/Nb$ Josephson Tunnel Junctions: New Theory and Experiment
Creators: name: Monaco, R.
name: Mygind, J.
name: Aaroe, M.
name: Rivers, R. J.
name: Koshelets, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New scaling behavior has been both predicted and observed in the spontaneous production of fluxons in quenched $Nb-Al/Al_{ox}/Nb$ annular Josephson tunnel junctions as a function of the quench time, $τ_{Q}$. The probability $f_{1}$ to trap a single defect during the N-S phase transition clearly follows an allometric dependence on $τ_{Q}$ with a scaling exponent $σ= 0.5$, as predicted from the Zurek-Kibble mechanism for {\it realistic} JTJs formed by strongly coupled superconductors. This definitive experiment replaces one reported by us earlier, in which an idealised model was used that predicted $σ= 0.25$, commensurate with the then much poorer data. Our experiment remains the only condensed matter experiment to date to have measured a scaling exponent with any reliability.
description: Four pages, one figure
Influence of coronal holes on CME deflections: numerical study
Creators: name: Sahade, Abril
name: Cécere, Mariana
name: Krause, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The understanding of the causes that produce the deflection of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is essential for the space weather forecast. In this article, we study the effects on CMEs trajectories produced by the different properties of a coronal hole close to the ejection area. For this analysis, we perform numerical simulations of the ideal magnetohydrodynamics equations that emulate the early rising of the CME in presence of a coronal hole. We find that, the stronger the magnetic field and the wider the coronal hole area, the larger the CME deflection. This effect is reduced when the coronal hole moves away from the ejection region. To characterize this behavior, we propose a dimensionless parameter that depends on the coronal hole properties and properly quantifies the deflection. Also, we show that the presence of the coronal hole near a CME magnetic structure produces a minimum magnetic energy region which is responsible for the deflection. Thus, we find a relationship between the coronal hole properties, the location of this region and the CME deflection.
Revegetation of Regent Honeyeater habitat in the Capertee Valley: a Cost-Benefit Analysis
Creators: name: Greyling, Tertius
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Greyling, Tertius
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Cost-benefit analysis
subject: Benefit-cost ratio
subject: Choice modelling
subject: Regent Honeyeater
subject: Capertee Valley

description: This study considers the costs and benefit of the Regent Honeyeater Project in the Capertee Valley over the past 10 years. The benefits are estimated using choice modelling and the costs are based on project expenditure and forgone agricultural production. A comparison of the benefits and costs yields a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 4.45, which implies that the benefits outweigh the costs. However, variation in the underlying assumptions reveal significant sensitivity to the uncertainty associated with the maturation of native tree plantings and the successful establishment of a significant population of birds within the native vegetation. The Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) is dominated by the benefit derived from protection of the native species (i.e. the Regent Honeyeater) which in turn depends on these two uncertainties. By expanding the total area of land being revegetated and reducing the fragmentation amongst individual plantings these uncertainties can be reduced. This should deliver larger benefits and further improve the BCR.
title: Analysis of possible measures for peak demand reduction in a smart grid with high penetration of photovoltaics and electric vehicles in Thailand in a Scenario up to 2040
Creators: name: Tamaneewan, Dechawat
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Thailand
subject: Smart Grid
subject: Photovoltaics
subject: Electric Vehicles
subject: Peak Demand Reduction
subject: Thailand
subject: Smart Grid
subject: Photovoltaics
subject: Electric Vehicles
subject: Peak Demand Reduction

description: Global electricity demand is increasing every year. New services appear on the market in order to make our daily life easier. Decarbonization in transport sector makes electric vehicles more popular. Those electric vehicles are considered new demand in electricity sector. New power plants are to be built in order to serve those increasing demand. Due to climate change and global warming, many countries tend to increase the share of renewable energy. Those renewable power plants such as wind and photovoltaic tend to be, not only unpredictable, but also, distributed generation. They tend to be a number of small-scale power plants which are installed close to the loads in order to reduce the transmission losses. This high number of small-scale power plants makes it more challenging to manage. With all these challenges, the electrical grid must be smarter in order to cope with the increasing demand and also be able to balance between power demand side and power supply side. It should be monitored and be able make real-time adjustment in order to deliver electricity efficiently with standard power security and power quality to consumers.There are various types of smart grid technologies that can contribute directly to the reduction of electricity production cost. The reduction of peak demand is the key. Smart grid technologies such as Home energy management system, utility-scale battery storage system, and vehicle-to-grid are investigated in this master thesis in order to reduce the peak demand.
Study of Silicon Photomultiplier Performance at Different Temperatures
Creators: name: Anfimov, N.
name: Fedoseev, D.
name: Rybnikov, A.
name: Selyunin, A.
name: Sokolov, S.
name: Sotnikov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Decreasing the operation temperature of a Silicon Photo-Multiplier (SiPM) leads to a drop in its dark noise. Some experiments consider cold temperatures as an option for low noise applications of SiPM. One of those is the TAO detector, which requires operation at $T\approx -50~^\circ$C. A significant dependence of the Photon Detection Efficiency (PDE) of a SiPM on different temperatures was reported with a drastic drop around this temperature. In this paper, we present studies of performance for two samples of SiPMs from Hamamatsu and AdvanSID(FBK) companies in a broad temperature range. No significant difference for the PDE was observed.
description: Keywords: Silicon Photomultiplier - SiPM, Photon Detection Efficiency - PDE, Dark Count Rate - DCR, PDE temperature dependence
Additional file 2 of A hybrid machine learning framework for functional annotation of mitochondrial glutathione transport and metabolism proteins in cancers
Creators: name: Kennedy, Luke
name: Sandhu, Jagdeep K.
name: Harper, Mary-Ellen
name: Cuperlovic-Culf, Miroslava
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
Examining resilience and vulnerability as concepts conditional upon human values: a review
Creators: name: De Chazal, Jacqueline
name: De Chazal, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Whilst there has been progress in understanding the role that values play in determinations of vulnerability and resilience, I suggest some key points continue to be overlooked. I offer three propositions to describe how values underpin such concepts, summarised as ‘no fixed characterization’, ‘no fixed relationships’ and ‘no fixed trends’. These propositions are not new and have been made in other contexts. Based on a literature review of vulnerability and resilience in the global environmental change area, I elaborate on how these propositions are not adequately accommodated, in particular in relation to ideas of biophysical and social vulnerability, specified versus general resilience, and assignments of desired trend direction (increasing resilience or decreasing vulnerability). I conclude that irrespective of the concept label, characterisations and assessments of ecosystems and their attendant change are inescapably dependent on values.
Construction of the Dual Ginzburg-Landau Theory from the Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Suganuma, H.
name: Amemiya, K.
name: Ichie, H.
name: Koma, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly review the QCD physics and then introduce recent topics on the confinement physics. In the maximally abelian (MA) gauge, the low-energy QCD is abelianized owing to the effective off-diagonal gluon mass $M_{\rm off} \simeq 1.2 {\rm GeV}$ induced by the MA gauge fixing. We demonstrate the construction of the dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory from the low-energy QCD in the MA gauge in terms of the lattice QCD evidences on infrared abelian dominance and infrared monopole condensation.
description: Invited talk given at International Symposium on Nuclear Electro-Weak Spectroscopy for Symmetries and Electro-Weak Nuclear-Processes, Osaka, Japan, 9-12 Mar 1999
Non Use Economic Values of Marine Protected Areas in the South-West Marine Region
Creators: name: Gillespie, Robert
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
name: Gillespie, Robert
name: Bennett, Jeffrey W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Australian governments are committed to the expansion of marine protected areas (MPAs) in Australian waters and have already established over 200 MPAs. However, this policy direction has a range of costs and benefits for the community which have largely remained unquantified. One of the main benefits of establishing MPAs are the non use values that the community for the protection of marine biodiversity. This study uses a dichotomous choice contingent valuation format with follow-up open-ended willingness to pay question to estimate these non use values for the establishment of MPAs in South-west Marine Region of Australia. It was found that on average Australian households would be WTP $104 for the establishment of MPAs that cover 10% of the South-west Marine Region. Aggregating this mean WTP estimate to 50% of the population of Australian households gives an aggregate WTP of $400M. However, whether the establishment of MPAs in the South-west Marine Region is economically efficient requires a consideration of all the potential costs and benefits. Other relevant costs and benefits for inclusion in a benefit cost analysis would include those associated with displacement of commercial and non-commercial uses, additional planning, compliance and monitoring costs as well as any predicted increases in commercial and non-commercial use values. If the net costs of establishing MPA over 10% of the South-west Marine Region are less than $400M, then the non-use benefits of establishing MPAs would exceed the other net costs and it would be considered to be economically efficient and desirable from a community welfare perspective. Given the difficulties of estimating precise WTP values from dichotomous choice data, any BCA of MPAs in the South-west Marine Region, incorporating the results of this study, should undertake sensitivity testing that includes the range of values reported including dichotomous choice and open-ended means to determine the robustness of BCA results to variations in the welfare estimate