Bostrichobranchus crosnieri Monniot & Monniot, 2008, n.sp.
Creators: name: Monniot, Françoise
name: Monniot, Claude
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Molgulidae
Bostrichobranchus
Bostrichobranchus crosnieri

description: Bostrichobranchus crosnieri n.sp.
Material examined. Mauritania, west of cape Barbas, 21°47’N – 17°27’W, 3/VII/1883, 9 specimens. (The depth is doubful as in many cases for the stations of the “Talisman” cruise, the internal labels: 240m differ from the board list: 140m). Syntypes: MNHN S3 BOS 6.
The species is dedicated to Alain Crosnier who has carried out and initiated so many works in marine invertebrate diversity.
Description. All specimens are of about the same size 4 to 5cm in length, colorless in formalin, particularly soft and consequently shapeless, embedded in a gelatinous thin tunic. They are not incrusted with sand but some particles adhere to the sticky tunic and fill the digestive tract. Amphipods inhabit some specimens. The body is easily seen through the transparent tunic.
The siphons are in apical position, widely open (Fig. 1 A,B). The oral one is directed towards the ventral side, its rim partially damaged in all specimens. Four lobes are seen at the edge of the cloacal siphon in one animal. Both siphons have a long funnel of invaginated tunic. Even when the tunic is partially torn, the body remains in good condition. Its general shape is elongate, wider in the posterior part (Fig. 1 A,B). It does not seem contracted. The body wall is particularly thin and transparent with a musculature made of spaced long fibres (Figs 1 A,B, 2B,3A). On the siphons, circular muscles are not branched and do not form a true sphincter; they are crossed by a few longitudinal short fibres. Around the body, circular muscles are irregularly spaced and sparsely branched (Fig. 1 A,B). On each side there is a narrow longitudinal musculature composed of a single ribbon of 8 to 10 fibres, starting from the peripharyngeal band (Figs 2 A, 3A), they extend posteriorly remaining parallel along most of their length, fanning out at the posterior end of the body. This ribbon lies in the middle of each body side.
About 12 widely separated oral tentacles (Figs 2 A, 3A), stout with short branches, are located above a low membrane. They are unequal in length but there is not a definite pattern in the arrangement of the sizes (in the specimens where they can be observed). The peripharyngeal band has 2 crests and is not dorsally curved. The dorsal tubercle is flat, C-shaped, opened towards the right (Fig. 3 C). The dorsal lamina, smooth edged, increases in height posteriorly (Fig. 2 C).
The branchial tissue is thin with an imperforated band along each side of the endostyle. There are 7 longitudinal vessels in high blades on each side (Fig. 2 C), prolonged a short distance anterior to the stigmata. Five wide transverse vessels delimit square meshes (Fig. 2 C). The stigmata are more or less numerous in a mesh, irregular in size and disposition (Fig. 1 C). They are made of a double spiral protruding in a cone for the largest. Parastigmatic vessels form an irregular web in a mesh (Fig. 1 C).
The digestive loop (Fig. 2 A, 3A) occupies half of the left side. In all specimens it is full of material. The oesophagus is short, not distinct from the stomach. There are small hepatic papillae on the external side of the stomach. No folds have been detected on the stomach wall. The intestine is wide, it extends in a long primary closed loop, and forms a secondary wide loop. The gaping anus opens with a smooth rim. The base of the rectum is attached to the stomach.
There is a single tubular gonad in a ventral position on the right side (Figs 2 A, B; 3A). The long ovary forms a half-circle along the posterior ventral line and joins the base of the rectum to which it is attached. The testis comprises a long series of lobules arranged in successive rosettes along the internal side of the ovary (Fig. 3 A,B). A short sperm duct opens internally from the centre of each rosette of testes (Fig. 3 B).
The kidney is an oval vesicle at the very posterior end of the body, against the ovary (Fig. 3 A).
Remarks. The genus Bostrichobranchus Traustedt, 1883 is characterised, among the Molgulidae by a branchial sac without folds and bispiral stigmata many of which are independent of the longitudinal vessels. The few species described until now have a gonad located inside the gut loop, on the left side, or a gonad on each side. B. crosnieri n. sp. differs with a single gonad on the right side and also by the shape of this gonad and the design of the body musculature.
Bostrichobranchus pilularis (Verrill, 1871) is widely distributed in the north western Atlantic from Canada to Florida. Many specimens of this species have been described under several names and a synonymy was established by Van Name (1945) with a redescription of the species. The gonad is located inside the gut loop.
Bostrichobranchus digonas Abbott, 1951 described from Florida and more recently found in Brazil (Rocha, 2002) is closely related to B. pilularis but has one gonad on each side, the left one in the gut loop.
Bostrichobranchus septum Monniot C., 1978 was collected south of Kerguelen, in the Indian Ocean. Of very small size, it has 6 longitudinal branchial vessels on each side and one gonad on each side of the body.
Kott (1985) includes the genus Bostrichobranchus into the large genus Eugyra. In the latter, the spiral infundibula are regularly centred under the longitudinal vessels which are not grouped in folds. Following Rocha (2002) we prefer to separate both genera which represent another evolutionary stage of the branchial tissue.
description: Published as part of Monniot, Françoise & Monniot, Claude, 2008, A new species of Bostrichobranchus (Ascidiacea, Molgulidae) from the eastern tropical Atlantic, pp. 42-46 in Zootaxa 1742 on pages 42-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.181566