cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Carrier-free combination dry powder inhaler formulation of ethionamide and moxifloxacin for treating drug-resistant tuberculosis
Creators: name: Momin, Mohammad A. M.
name: Sinha, Shubhra
name: Tucker, Ian G.
name: Das, Shyamal C.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: This study aimed to develop a combination dry powder formulation of ethionamide and moxifloxacin HCl as this combination is synergistic against drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). L-leucine (20% w/w) was added in the formulations to maximize the process yield. Moxifloxacin HCl and/or ethionamide powders with/without L-leucine were produced using a Buchi Mini Spray-dryer. A next generation impactor was used to determine the in vitro aerosolization efficiency. The powders were also characterized for other physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity. All the spray-dried powders were within the aerodynamic size range of <5.0 µm except ethionamide-only powder (6.0 µm). The combination powders with L-leucine aerosolized better (% fine particle fraction (FPF): 61.3 and 61.1 for ethionamide and moxifloxacin, respectively) than ethionamide-only (%FPF: 9.0) and moxifloxacin-only (%FPF: 30.8) powders. The combination powder particles were collapsed with wrinkled surfaces whereas moxifloxacin-only powders were spherical and smooth and ethionamide-only powders were angular-shaped flakes. The combination powders had low water content (<2.0%). All the powders were physically stable at 15% RH and 25 ± 2 °C during 1-month storage and tolerated by bronchial epithelial cell-lines up to 100 µg/ml. The improved aerosolization of the combination formulation may be helpful for the effective treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms for improved aerosolization and test the synergistic activity of the combination powder.
Quaternionic quantum walks
Creators: name: Konno, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The discrete-time quantum walk (QW) has been extensively and intensively investigated for the last decade, whose coin operator is defined by a unitary matrix. We extend the QW to a walk determined by a unitary matrix whose component is quaternion. We call this model quaternionic quantum walk (QQW) and present some properties. This paper is the first step for the study on QQWs.
description: 15 pages, title changed, revised version
Russia’s Attack on Ukrainian Sovereignty and Ukraine’s Pivotal Role in European Geopolitics
Creators: name: Morris, Haley Anna
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines why and how Ukraine is a buffer between Russia and theWest. After the fall of the Soviet Union, scholars in the West and Russia noted a Western fear ofa renewed Russian empire and a Russian fear of Western expansionism. Ukraine, with less-thanideal geographic positioning between Russia and the West, was often where the powers clashed.Tensions between Russia and the West reached ever deepening nadirs during the OrangeRevolution, the Euromaidan protests, and the 2014 annexation of Crimea. Russia attempted toexploit the Soviet history of Ukraine—the ethnic cleansing of millions of Ukrainians, ethnicRussians within the territory of Ukraine and superimposed Soviet borders—to justify theiractions internally and externally. Through information warfare Russia strove to delegitimize theUkrainian government and highlight the necessity of Russia’s influence in Ukraine. Russia-Westrelations seemingly hit their absolute nadir in February 2022, when Russia officially invadedUkraine. Russia continues to justify their invasion through information warfare that frames thecurrent Ukrainian government as a fascist Nazi regime that is complicit with the West inoppressing and victimizing ethnic Russians. A year into the war it is becoming clear that theUkrainian people have tired of being Russia’s bulwark from Europe and are ready to join NATO.However, it remains to be seen if the West will accept the responsibility of codifying Ukraine’sprotection into a military alliance, as it could risk an even greater escalation of Russianaggression.
MPEC 2023-F206 : 2023 FD7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FD7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Beyond Sustainability: Biophilia as a tool for Regenerative Urban Design
Creators: name: Asamoah, Jemimah
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Biophilic Design
subject: Recreation Center
subject: Regenerative Urban Design

description: The concept of urban revitalization deals with measures to improve the features of the urban environment whilst promoting community engagement to improve the quality of life for all. Many Low-income neighborhoods in the DC area have experienced urban distresses resulting from changes in urban growth. These conditions have led to the physical deterioration of neighborhoods and have increased the number of poor and vulnerable citizens. Research establishes that positive public spaces foster and positively impact the quality of life in low-income neighborhoods. Regenerative design provides a rationalized approach to create restorative environments that encourage community engagement to promote economic and social benefits. Regenerative and biophilic urban design aims at eliminating the gap between the built environment and nature in modern cities to create restorative environments. This study examines how biophilic and regenerative architecture principles can foster quality in an urban environment through the redesign of the Anacostia Recreation Center and Park. Keywords: Urban revitalization; Regenerative Architecture; biophilic design
Transport Across an Impurity in One Dimensional Quantum Liquids Far From Equilibrium
Creators: name: Schiró, Marco
name: Mitra, Aditi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of a single impurity on the transport properties of a one dimensional quantum liquid highly excited away from its ground state by a sudden quench of the bulk interaction. In particular we compute the time dependent dc current to leading order in the impurity potential, using bosonization and starting both from the limit of a uniform system and from the one of two decoupled semi-infinite systems. Our results reveal that the nonequilibrium excitation of bulk modes induced by the global quench has important effects on the conductor-insulator quantum phase transition, which turns into a crossover for any small quench amplitude. In addition, the dynamics of the current displays a faster decay towards the steady-state as compared to the equilibrium case, a signature of quench-induced decoherence.
description: 15 pages, 7 figs; v3: minor changes
Equine Alphaherpesviruses Require Activation of the Small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 for Intracellular Transport
Creators: name: Kolyvushko, Oleksandr
name: Kelch, Maximilian A.
name: Osterrieder, Nikolaus
name: Azab, Walid
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: alphaherpesvirus
subject: EHV
subject: small GTPase
subject: Cdc42
subject: Rac1
subject: cell entry
subject: host pathogen interaction
subject: intracellular transport
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Viruses utilize host cell signaling to facilitate productive infection. Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) has been shown to activate Ca2+ release and phospholipase C upon contact with α4β1 integrins on the cell surface. Signaling molecules, including small GTPases, have been shown to be activated downstream of Ca2+ release, and modulate virus entry, membrane remodeling and intracellular transport. In this study, we show that EHV-1 activates the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42 during infection. The activation of Rac1 and Cdc42 is necessary for virus-induced acetylation of tubulin, effective viral transport to the nucleus, and cell-to-cell spread. We also show that inhibitors of Rac1 and Cdc42 did not block virus entry, but inhibited overall virus infection. The Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling is presumably orthogonal to Ca2+ release, since Rac1 and Cdc42 inhibitors affected the infection of both EHV-1 and EHV-4, which do not bind to integrins.
Endogenous Preferences for Redistribution: Understanding Welfare Support in Argentina
Creators: name: Vanegas, Ayelen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: How do citizens change their preferences for redistribution? Scholars rely on social solidarity and social affinity arguments to explain why those who do not receive social policies lower their support for them when inequality grows. Conversely, existing research bases their argument on self-interest mechanisms to claim that low-income citizens are more likely to support social policies when inequality and poverty grow. Strikingly enough, during the 2010s some Latin American countries witnessed a reduction in support for redistributive policies among their beneficiaries in a context in which inequality was growing, a phenomenon that is not explained by current research. In this study, I aim to shed light on this puzzle by contributing to the understanding of the conditions under which that might happen. My argument is that, in contexts characterized by truncated welfare states and progressive deprivation, support for redistributive social policies can be understood as endogenous: it is based on citizens’ perception of the results of those policies. When a benefit is implemented, support for social assistance might increase among beneficiaries because of their satisfaction with the policy. However, if the country is suffering an economic crisis, growing inequality might reduce beneficiaries' support for cash transfers given that they might not see the policy as sufficient and effective to offset their economic situation consistently. I test this theory based on the case of Argentina with a mixed-method design that combines DiD estimations with process tracing and focus groups. Results show that the perception of the policies as ineffective and insufficient explain why recipients do not support them in a context in which the literature would expect them to do it.
Reconstructing the East Antarctic ice sheet during the Plio-Pleistocene using geochemical provenance analysis
Creators: name: Bertram, Rachel
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Approximately five million years ago, during the early Pliocene, global temperatures were 2 – 4 ⁰C warmer-than-present and the cryosphere was reduced. During the subsequent Plio-Pleistocene, global temperatures gradually cooled and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations decreased, accompanied by an expansion in the cryosphere, culminating in modern bipolar glaciation. Variations in the extent of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) played a fundamental role in these climate transitions with implications for global sea level, interhemispheric teleconnections and oceanic circulation patterns. Recent geological evidence and ice sheet modelling results, especially from marine-based areas of the EAIS, call for a dynamic East Antarctic ice margin during the early Pliocene warmth, but proximal, geological records for the Plio-Pleistocene are scarce. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of East Antarctic ice dynamics during the Plio-Pleistocene by providing two new records from proximal marine sediment cores. Geochemical variability in these cores is used to determine variations in the provenance of detrital sediments and hence to infer continental erosion patterns and ice margin extent. Primarily the work focuses on radiogenic strontium and neodymium isotopic results complemented by elemental concentrations, detrital K-Ar ages, and Sm-Nd model ages. The two cores, located in the western Ross Sea and offshore the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, show evidence of an early Pliocene dynamic ice margin responding to atmospheric warmth, with deglaciations occurring on millennial timescales. Loss of continental ice and changes in sea ice conditions during the cooling of the mid to late Pliocene, as inferred from the composition of the sediments, was diachronous, highlighting the spatial variability of ice sheet behaviour around the continent. The marine-based Wilkes Subglacial Basin continued to show a waxing and waning ice margin during the Pleistocene emphasising this region’s vulnerability to environmental change, and the potential for ice margin retreat under near future temperatures.
Normalized Entropy versus Volume
Creators: name: Kojima, Sadayoshi
name: McShane, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M27, 37E30, 57M55

description: Thanks to a recent result by Jean-Marc Schlenker, we establish an explicit linear inequality between the normalized entropies of pseudo-Anosov automorphisms and the hyperbolic volumes of their mapping tori. As its corollaries, we give an improved lower bound for values of entropies of pseudo-Anosovs on a surface with fixed topology, and a proof of a slightly weaker version of the result by Farb, Leininger and Margalit first, and by Agol later, on finiteness of cusped manifolds generating surface automorphisms with small normalized entropies. Also, we present an analogous linear inequality between the Weil-Petersson translation distance of a pseudo-Anosov map (normalized by multiplying the square root of the area of a surface) and the volume of its mapping torus, which leads to a better bound.
description: 17 pages, 2 figures Updated version with expanded section on the duality pairing betweeen Beltrami differentials and quadratic forms and corrections to the exposition of Nehari's Theorem
The Study Demands-Resources Framework: An Empirical Introduction
Creators: name: Lesener, Tino
name: Pleiss, Leonard Santiago
name: Gusy, Burkhard
name: Wolter, Christine
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: study demands-resources framework
subject: student engagement
subject: student burnout
subject: mental health
subject: university students
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Based on the well-established job demands-resources (JD-R) framework, in our study we introduce the novel study demands-resources (SD-R) framework. The SD-R framework allows the study of salutogenic and pathogenic effects of university settings on students’ health and well-being. Using a large sample of university students (n = 5660), our aim was to translate and validate the JD-R’s essential assumptions within the university context, and thus establish the SD-R framework. We performed structural equation modelling to examine these essential assumptions. As assumed, we found that study demands—the “bad things” at university—predict student burnout (β = 0.50), whereas study resources—the “good things” at university—predict student engagement (β = 0.70) as well as burnout (β = −0.35). Also, in line with the SD-R’s assumptions, student burnout predicts life satisfaction negatively (β = −0.34), whereas student engagement predicts life satisfaction positively (β = 0.29). Hence, we were able to introduce the novel SD-R framework and validate its core assumptions. The SD-R framework serves as an excellent theoretical basis to examine both the salutogenic and pathogenic effects of the study context on students’ health and well-being. However, the framework needs further longitudinal and meta-analytical verification in accordance with the research on the JD-R framework.
BIBLIOGRAFIYANÍ OQÍTÍWDA INNOVACIYALÍQ SABAQTÍŃ ÁHMIYETI
Creators: name: Aytımova, Dilbar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: maqalada bibliografiya pánin oqıtıwda innovaciyalıq sabaq alıp barıwdıń pragmatik ózgeshelikleri haqqında sóz etiledi. Bibliografiyanı innovaciyalıq sabaq arqalı oqıtıwdan gózlengen tiykarǵı maqset hám onıń nátiyjeliligi boyınsha ilimiy analizler keltirip ótilgen.
THE GHOST BRIDE DANCE AND THE RESPONSIVE WILD DANCE, A SCENIC DESIGN
Creators: name: Shiriaev, Aleksandr
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Theater
subject: Design

description: The purpose of this thesis is to provide research, supporting paperwork, productionphotographs, and other materials that document the scenic design process for the production of The Ghost Bride Dance and The Responsive Wild Dance by the Department of Theatre and Dance. This thesis contains the following: scenic research images collected to express the visual world of the dance and the emotional landscape to the production team; preliminary sketches; digital renderings of the scenic design; a full set of drafting plates and paint elevations used to communicate the design to the technical director and paint charge; a prop list and research book to detail each hand prop, set dressing, and consumable to the prop master; and finally archival production photographs to document the completed design.
Thin films of a three-dimensional topological insulator in a strong magnetic field: a microscopic study
Creators: name: Pertsova, A.
name: Canali, C. M.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The response of thin films of Bi$_2$Se$_3$ to a strong perpendicular magnetic field is investigated by performing magnetic bandstructure calculations for a realistic multi-band tight-binding model. Several crucial features of Landau quantization in a realistic three-dimensional topological insulator are revealed. The $n=0$ Landau level is absent in ultra-thin films, in agreement with experiment. In films with a crossover thickness of five quintuple layers, there is a signature of the $n=0$ level, whose overall trend as a function of magnetic field matches the established low-energy effective-model result. Importantly, we find a field-dependent splitting and a strong spin-polarization of the $n=0$ level which can be measured experimentally at reasonable field strengths. Our calculations show mixing between the surface and bulk Landau levels which causes the character of levels to evolve with magnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Numerical modeling of the heterocycle intercalated proton-conducting polymers at various mole ratios
Creators: name: Masłowski, T.
name: Drzewiński, A.
name: Ławniczak, P.
name: Ulner, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are employed to study the proton conductivity for anhydrous heterocyclic based polymers. The proton transport is based on a two-step process called the Grotthuss mechanism. In the referring system the proton concentration depends on the relative molar ratio, $x$, of the benzimidazole and the polystyrene sulfonic acid. Available experimental data with contrasting behavior are fitted and interpreted in terms of our microscopic model. Moreover, it has been shown that the current behavior similar to the Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher law can be reproduced with high precision on the basis of the Grotthuss mechanism.
description: version accepted for publication in Solid State Ionics, 9 pages, 2 figures
КИТАПХАНА-МӘЛИМЛЕМЕ ТАРАЎЫН БАСҚАРЫЎ УСЫЛЛАРЫН ЖЕТИЛИСТИРИЎ
Creators: name: Худайбергенова, Маржан
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Мақалада китапхана-мәлимлеме тараўын басқарыў усылларын жетилистириўдиң әҳмиети ҳаққында сөз етиледи. Бүгинги күнде китапхана-мәлимлеме тараўын басқарыўда заманагөй инновациялық усылларды әмелиятта қоллаў, нәтийжели искерлик көрсетип атырған китапхана-мәлимлеме мәкемелериниң тәжрийбелерин үйрениў бойынша пикир-усыныслар билдирилген.
How can we tell whether dark energy is composed by multiple fields?
Creators: name: Vardanyan, Valeri
name: Amendola, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark energy is often assumed to be composed by a single scalar field. The background cosmic expansion is not sufficient to determine whether this is true or not. We study multi-field scalar-tensor models with a general dark matter source and write the observable modified gravity parameters (effective gravitational constant and anisotropic stress) in the form of a ratio of polynomials in the Fourier wavenumber k of order 2N, where N is the number of scalar fields. By comparing these observables to real data it is in principle possible to determine the number of dark energy scalar fields coupled to gravity. We also show that there are no realistic non-trivial cases in which the order of the polynomials is reduced.
description: v2: 12 pages, no figures, minor changes, references added
Reconstructing the Ancient Route Network in Pergamon’s Surroundings
Creators: name: Ludwig, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: ancient roads
subject: ancient route network
subject: Bakırçay Valley
subject: GIS
subject: itineraries
subject: landscape archeology
subject: least-cost path analysis
subject: milestones
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: The surrounding landscape of ancient Pergamon is characterized by several mountain ranges, the Bakırçay Valley and River and the Aegean coastline. The accessibility of this region was vital for the city since it provided food and resources as well as trade, communication and military movements, all facilitated by a well-developed route network. Despite the importance of roads for the development and prosperity of the city, the ancient route network is still widely unexplored and archeological evidence of roads is extremely rare. This study therefore aims to reconstruct the ancient route network in the surroundings of Pergamon by combining historical and archeological sources with modern computer-aided least-cost path analyses, while also considering changes in the landscape that have occurred since antiquity. Based on these detailed results, conclusions may be drawn about the characteristics and functional diversity of the routes. Although the investigation of the route network in the surroundings of Pergamon cannot be considered complete, the results of this study already offer a valuable basis for further research, analyses, modeling and field work.
Strain dependence of antiferromagnetic interface coupling in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices
Creators: name: Das, Sujit
name: Herklotz, Andreas
name: Pippel, Eckhard
name: Guo, Er-Jia
name: Rata, Diana
name: Dörr, Kathrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the magnetic response of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices to biaxial in-plane strain applied in-situ. Superlattices grown on piezoelectric substrates of 0.72PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.28PbTiO3(001) (PMN-PT) show strong antiferromagnetic coupling of the two ferromagnetic components. The coupling field of mu0HAF = 2.8 T is found to decrease by deltaHAF/delta epsilon ~ -520 mT %-1 under reversible biaxial strain mu0HAF at 80 K in a [La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(22)/SrRuO3(55)]15 superlattice. This reveals a significant strain effect on interfacial coupling. The applied in-plane compression enhances the ferromagnetic order in the manganite layers which are under as-grown tensile strain. It is thus difficult to disentangle the contributions from strain-dependent antiferromagnetic Mn-O-Ru interface coupling and Mn-O-Mn ferromagnetic double exchange near the interface, since the enhanced magnetic order of Mn spins leads to a larger net coupling of SrRuO3 layers at the interface. Strain-dependent orbital occupation in a single-ion picture cannot explain the sign of the observed strain dependence, whereas the enhanced Mn order at the interface is qualitatively in line with it.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review B
Education for Sustainable Development in Germany: Not Just Desired but Also Effective for Transformative Action
Creators: name: Grund, Julius
name: Brock, Antje
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: education for sustainable development (ESD)
subject: environmental education (EE)
subject: sustainable behavior
subject: pro-environmental behavior
subject: connectedness with nature
subject: emotions
subject: teaching controversial issues
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::370 Bildung und Erziehung::370 Bildung und Erziehung

description: Despite its role as a key factor for transformation, there is still a lack of large-scale studies on the effects of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). The aim of this study is to predict sustainable behavior based on reported implementation of ESD as well as psychological (e.g., attitudes, emotions) and socio-demographic variables. Descriptive statistics and a multiple regression model were used to analyze data from 2564 young people from different formal educational fields and 525 teachers from Germany. Both learners and educators desire a distinctly higher amount of ESD within formal educational settings compared to the status quo. The multiple regression model explains 26% of variance in sustainable behavior. By far the strongest predictors are, firstly, connectedness with nature, followed by emotions regarding sustainability and ESD implementation on the content level (making connections between past, present and future, the local and the global, and ecology, economy and the social). One implication of the research findings is an “update” for ESD: Emphasizing the emotional dimension of education and relating the didactics of “controversial issues” to ESD.
Lefschetz-thimble techniques for path integral of zero-dimensional $O(n)$ sigma models
Creators: name: Tanizaki, Yuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zero-dimensional $O(n)$-symmetric sigma models are studied by using Picard--Lefschetz integration method in the presence of small symmetry-breaking perturbations. Due to approximate symmetry, downward flows turn out to show significant structures: They slowly travel along the set of pseudo classical points, and branch into other directions so as to span middle-dimensional integration cycles. We propose an efficient way to find such slow motions for computing Lefschetz thimbles. In the limit of symmetry restoration, we figure out that only special combinations of Lefschetz thimbles can survive as convergent integration cycles: Other integrations become divergent due to non-compactness of the complexified group of symmetry. We also compute downward flows of $O(2)$-symmetric fermionic systems, and confirm that all of these properties are true also with fermions.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures; (v2) references added, explanations in Sec.II becomes more in detail;(v3) typos corrected
In vitro immunotoxicological assessment of a potent microbicidal nanocomposite based on graphene oxide and silver nanoparticles
Creators: name: Luna, Luis Augusto Visani De
name: Nahiara Esteves Zorgi
name: Moraes, Ana Carolina Mazarin De
name: Silva, Douglas Soares Da
name: Consonni, Sílvio Roberto
name: Giorgio, Selma
name: Alves, Oswaldo Luiz
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Graphene oxide (GO) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be formed into a hybrid nanomaterial, known as GOAg nanocomposite, which presents high antibacterial activity. The successful translation of this nanomaterial into medical use depends on critical information about its toxicological profile. In keeping with a Safe-by-design approach, we evaluated the immunotoxicity of GOAg using J774 and primary murine macrophages. The interaction between GOAg and macrophages was investigated with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). High-throughput technologies were employed to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis/necrosis, mitochondrial depolarization and lipid peroxidation. The inflammogenicity of nanomaterials was predicted after quantification of the cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 before and after stimulation with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The ratio between CD80 and CD206 macrophage populations were also estimated. In addition, the production of nitric oxide (NO) was investigated. SEM surveys revealed the potential of GOAg to induce frustrated phagocytosis. GOAg induced a dose-dependent mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis and lipid peroxidation to J774 macrophages. GOAg toxicity was not modified in an inflammatory microenvironment, but its toxicity was within the range of concentrations used in bacterial inactivation. GOAg did not induce primary macrophages to significantly produce inflammatory cytokines, and previous macrophage stimulation did not enhance GOAg inflammogenicity. Additionally, the pristine nanomaterials and GOAg do not shift macrophages polarization towards M1. Sublethal concentrations of GOAg did not impair macrophages NO production. Finally, we suggest options for improvement of GOAg nanocomposite in ways that may help minimize its possible adverse outcomes to human health.
Additional file 1 of European birth cohorts: a consideration of what they have addressed so far
Creators: name: Pandolfini, Chiara
name: Campi, Rita
name: Bonati, Maurizio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Neutral Higgs production at proton colliders in the CP-conserving NMSSM
Creators: name: Liebler, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss neutral Higgs boson production through gluon fusion and bottom-quark annihilation in the CP-conserving $\mathbb{Z}_3$-invariant Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) at proton colliders. For gluon fusion we adapt known asymptotic expansions in supersymmetric particles for the inclusion of next-to-leading order contributions of squarks and gluinos from the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) and include electro-weak corrections involving light quarks. Together with the resummation of higher order sbottom contributions in the bottom-quark Yukawa coupling for both production processes we thus present accurate cross section predictions implemented in a new release of the code SusHi. We elaborate on the new features of an additional SU$(2)_L$ singlet in the production of CP-even and -odd Higgs bosons with respect to the MSSM and include a short discussion of theory uncertainties.
description: 33 pages, 8 figures; minor corrections, updated references, matches published version
Hitlers Vorsehungsglaube und seine Wirkung
Creators: name: Rißmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 31 Nr. 4 (2002): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 31, Heft 4
Additional file 2 of European birth cohorts: a consideration of what they have addressed so far
Creators: name: Pandolfini, Chiara
name: Campi, Rita
name: Bonati, Maurizio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2.
Inflation in $R^2$ supergravity with non-minimal superpotentials
Creators: name: Diamandis, G. A.
name: Georgalas, B. C.
name: Kaskavelis, K.
name: Kouroumalou, P.
name: Lahanas, A. B.
name: Pavlopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmological inflation in a class of supergravity models that are generalizations of non-supersymmetric $R^2$ models. Although such models have been extensively studied recently, especially after the launch of the PLANCK and BICEP2 data, the class of models that can be constructed has not been exhausted. In this note, working in a supergravity model that is a generalization of Cecotti's model, we show that the appearance of new superpotential terms, which are quadratic in the superfield $\, Λ$ that couples to the Ricci supermultiplet, alters substantially the form of the scalar potential. The arising potential has the form of the Starobinsky potential times a factor that is exponential in the inflaton field and dominates for large inflaton values. We show that the well-known Starobinsky inflation scenario is maintained only for unnaturally small fine-tuned values of the coupling describing the $Λ^2$ superpotential terms. A welcome feature is the possible increase of the tensor to scalar ratio $r$, within the limits set by the new Planck and BICEP2 data.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, text and references added, version submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Covariance estimation using conjugate gradient for 3D classification in Cryo-EM
Creators: name: Andén, Joakim
name: Katsevich, Eugene
name: Singer, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Classifying structural variability in noisy projections of biological macromolecules is a central problem in Cryo-EM. In this work, we build on a previous method for estimating the covariance matrix of the three-dimensional structure present in the molecules being imaged. Our proposed method allows for incorporation of contrast transfer function and non-uniform distribution of viewing angles, making it more suitable for real-world data. We evaluate its performance on a synthetic dataset and an experimental dataset obtained by imaging a 70S ribosome complex.
Characterising food web responses to climate change using a combination of traditional and molecular tools
Creators: name: Gallo, Bruno Francesco
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Freshwater ecosystems are considered hot spots for biodiversity and provide a wide range of ecosystem services for human beings. A variety of natural and anthropogenic stressors are now threatening the stability and prosperity of these ecosystems. In particular, climate change and pollution are the main stressors impacting all freshwater ecosystems on Earth. In this mix of multiple stressors, climate change is already having profound impacts, and is predicted to result in large-scale population collapses, species range shifts, and local species extinctions, as well as altered ecosystem properties. Scientists have spent considerable efforts in recent years investigating how these perturbations might impact food web structures and dynamics to predict potential future scenarios, but much of this work has been hindered by the slow pace of data generation using traditional techniques. Thus, there is a need to adopt and develop new approaches that can answer questions and generate data at a much higher pace. Molecular tools can address this issue by generating millions of DNA sequences in a short period of time with the potential to build food webs in a very reliable way. Therefore, a detailed understanding of food webs and their interactions is critical to predict what effects climate change will have in the near future, and we need to find faster and cheaper ways of building the necessary evidence base. This will ultimately improve our ability to forecast how communities and ecosystems will respond to global change and anticipate which species (and systems) are more likely to deteriorate under these new conditions. In this thesis, I have used a combination of traditional and molecular tools to characterize the diet of a widely distributed generalist predator. DNA sequencing revealed a higher number of links compared to traditional microscopy, but protocols need to be refined to accurately quantify each link. In addition to this, I carried out two sets of laboratory experiments to quantify warming impacts on freshwater invertebrate interactions. Functional response experiments showed increased feeding rates with warming, while qPCR was not able to detect changes in DNA retention time in predator gut contents.
The party choice set and satisfaction with democracy
Creators: name: Dassonneville, Ruth
name: McAllister, Ian
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A well-functioning democracy requires citizens’ support for its political institutions and procedures. While scholars have previously studied the role of contextual factors for explaining satisfaction with democracy, a rigorous focus on how the party choice set affects how satisfied citizens are with democracy is largely absent from the literature. This neglect of the impact of parties is surprising, given their central position within modern, representative democracies. In this article, a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the impact of party systems on citizens’ satisfaction with democracy is presented. Use is made of the combined data of the first four modules of the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems project and various measures of the party system are used to capture different aspects of the party choice set: the number of parties, their polarisation, and the congruence between public opinion and the party offer. In contrast to expectations, only scant evidence is found that having a wider choice increases citizens’ satisfaction with democracy.
ANALYSING DIFFERENT STOCK EXCHANGES WITH A VIEW TO AN IPO
Creators: name: Abdumannapov, Tokhir
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Selecting the appropriate stock exchange for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a crucial decision that can greatly influence a company's future path in the financial markets. This initial statement emphasizes the importance of thoroughly analyzing different stock exchanges. The examination will involve analyzing factors like market liquidity, regulatory environments, and historical performance to provide businesses with the necessary knowledge to navigate the intricate IPO landscape. Having a deep understanding of various stock exchanges becomes essential for informed and strategic decision-making as companies contemplate going public.
Magnetic polarizabilities of light mesons in $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory
Creators: name: Luschevskaya, E. V.
name: Solovjeva, O. E.
name: Kochetkov, O. A.
name: Teryaev, O. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the masses (ground state energies) of neutral pseudoscalar and vector meson in $SU(3)$ lattice gauge theory in strong abelian magnetic field. The energy of $ρ^0$ meson with zero spin projection $s_z=0$ on the axis of the external magnetic field decreases, while the energies with non-zero spins $s_z=-1$ and $+1$ increase with the field. The energy of $π^0$ meson decrease as a function of the magnetic field. We calculated the magnetic polarizabilities of pseudoscalar and vector mesons for lattice volume $18^4$. For $ρ^0$ with spin $|s_z|=1$ and $π^0$ meson the extrapolations to zero lattice spacing have been done. We do not observe any evidence in favour of tachyonic mode existence.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Additional file 4 of European birth cohorts: a consideration of what they have addressed so far
Creators: name: Pandolfini, Chiara
name: Campi, Rita
name: Bonati, Maurizio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4.
Magnetism and interaction-induced gap opening in graphene with vacancies or hydrogen adatoms: Quantum Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Ulybyshev, M. V.
name: Katsnelson, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electronic properties of graphene with finite concentration of vacancies or other resonant scatterers by a straightforward lattice Quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Taking into account realistic long-range Coulomb interaction we calculate distribution of spin density associated to midgap states and demonstrate antiferromagnetic ordering. Energy gaps are open due to the interaction effects, both in the bare graphene spectrum and in the vacancy/impurity bands. In the case of 5 % concentration of resonant scatterers the latter gap is estimated as 0.7 eV and 1.1 eV for graphene on boron nitride and freely suspended graphene, respectively.
description: Text is substantially updated, temperature dependence of order parameter is added. Accepted for publication in PRL
Unser Gottesbild und die Vorsehung
Creators: name: Boulnois, Olivier
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 31 Nr. 4 (2002): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 31, Heft 4
Linear and nonlinear optical studies of two-dimensional Perovskites
Creators: name: Abdelwahab, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Materials with large optical nonlinearity, especially in the visible spectral region, are in great demand for applications in all-optical information processing and quantum optics. Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid Ruddlesden−Popper halide perovskites (RPPs) with tunable ultraviolet-to-visible direct bandgaps, exhibit large nonlinear optical properties due to the strong excitonic effects present in their multiple quantum wells (MQWs). In this thesis, the nonlinear optical properties of 2D RPP nanosheets mechanically exfoliated from five different lead halide RPP single crystals, are systematically investigated. Using a microscopic Z-scan setup with femtosecond (fs) laser pulses tunable across the visible spectrum it is demonstrated that the 2D RPP nanosheets possess unprecedentedly large nonlinear refraction and absorption coefficients near excitonic and plasma resonances. It is also demonstrated that 2D RPP nanosheets exhibit strong two-photon absorption (2PA) in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region under two-photon-resonant excitation. By taking advantage of the large nonlinear absorption coefficients of 2D RPPs in the NIR, highly efficient polarization-resolved sub-bandgap photodetection based on 2D RPP phototransistors is realized. Moreover, the 2D RPP nanosheets are shown to exhibit ultra-strong third-harmonic generation (THG) under three-photon-resonant excitation. Using an ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy setup it is found that, under sub-bandgap excitation, ⁓100-nm thick 2D RPP sheets allow up to ⁓2% reflectivity modulation within a 20-fs period, due to the nonlinear refraction and absorption.
On the (2+1)-dimensional Dirac equation in a constant magnetic field with a minimal length uncertainty
Creators: name: Pedram, P.
name: Amirfakhrian, M.
name: Shababi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exactly solve the (2+1)-dimensional Dirac equation in a constant magnetic field in the presence of a minimal length. Using a proper ansatz for the wave function, we transform the Dirac Hamiltonian into two 2-dimensional non-relativistic harmonic oscillator and obtain the solutions without directly solving the corresponding differential equations which are presented by Menculini et al. [Phys. Rev. D 87, 065017 (2013)]. We also show that Menculini et al. solution is a subset of the general solution which is related to the even quantum numbers.
description: 11 pages, no figure
On the Linear Stability of Magnetized Jets Without Current Sheets: Non-Relativistic Case
Creators: name: Kim, Jinho
name: Balsara, Dinshaw S.
name: Lyutikov, Maxim
name: Komissarov, Sergei S.
name: George, Daniel
name: Siddireddy, Prasanna Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider stability of magnetized jets that carry no net electric current and do not have current sheets (Gourgouliatos et al. 2012). The non-relativistic MHD equations are linearized around the background velocity and the magnetic field structure of the jet. The resulting linear equations are solved numerically inside the jet. We find that introduction of current-sheet-free magnetic field significantly improves jet stability relative to unmagnetized jets or magnetized jets with current sheets at their surface. This particularly applies to the fundamental pinch and kink modes - they become completely suppressed in a wide range of long wavelengths that are known to become most pernicious to jet stability when the evolution enters the non-linear regime. The reflection modes, both for the pinch and kink instability, also become progressively more stable with increased magnetization.
description: 42 pages, 20 figures, Submitted to MNRAS