cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Das Genus im Sprachvergleich: Genuszuweisung bei substantivischen Lehnwörtern im Deutschen und Spanischen
Creators: name: Kreiner, Lea
Publisher: name: Verlag des promptus e.V. Würzburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: gender assignment
loanwords
German
Spanish
contrastive linguistics

description: This article examines principles of gender assignment in the German and Spanish language and in this way tries to answer the question of why loanwords are preferably assigned a particular gender and what criteria motivate this choice. After introducing some general aspects about gender as well as some important properties of the German and Spanish gender systems, this paper compares several formal (morphological and phonological) and semantic rules regarding gender assignment. Despite large structural differences between the languages, the comparison shows that the assignment rules prove to be in a sense cross- lingual, which do not only testify to the assumption but also the validity of an underlying system of rules.
The meaning and experience of starting a family for couples who were initially undecided about having children : a phenomenological investigation
Creators: name: Towill, Kristina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A qualitative phenomenological research design was used to investigate the experience of parenthood decision-making for couples who were initially uncertain about starting a family. The purpose of the study was to explicate couples' experiences of deciding if, and when, to have children, including how they determine the viability and timing of parenting in their lives and relationships. Eight couples who had recently made the decision to try to have a child volunteered to describe their experiences and understanding of parenthood decision-making in joint, in-depth, audio-taped interviews. A thematic analysis of the essential meaning structures of participants' parenthood decision-making experiences revealed six common themes: A Sense of the Costs of Parenthood; A Sense of Fear; Changing Perceptions from the Costs to the Gains of Parenthood; An Emerging Sense of Readiness for Parenthood; A Sense of Excitement and Curiosity; and A Sense of Faith in the Relationship. These themes were confirmed and refined through validation interviews with participants. These findings are discussed as they relate to and extend upon models of decision-making, in general, and of parenthood decision-making, in particular. It is argued that the results support a conceptualization of parenthood decision-making as a complex and value-laden phenomenon that is comprised of both individual and interpersonal components.
Investigating Extra-solar Planetary System Qatar-1 through Transit Observations
Creators: name: Thakur, Parijat
name: Mannaday, Vineet Kumar
name: Jiang, Ing-Guey
name: Sahu, D. K.
name: Chand, Swadesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of the transit timing variation (TTV) analysis of the extra-solar planet Qatar-1b using thirty eight light curves. Our analysis combines thirty five previously available transit light curves with three new transits observed by us between June 2016 and September 2016 using the 2-m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) at the Indian Astronomical Observatory (Hanle, India). From these transit data, the physical and orbital parameters of the Qatar-1 system are determined. In addition to this, the ephemeris for the orbital period and mid-transit time are refined to investigate the possible TTV. We find that the null-TTV model provides the better fit to the (O-C) data. This indicates that there is no evidence for TTVs to confirm the presence of additional planets in the Qatar-1 system. The use of the 3.6-m Devasthal Optical Telescope (DOT) operated by the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES, Nainital, India) could improve the photometric precision to examine the signature of TTVs in this system with a greater accuracy than in the present work.
description: Published in Bulletin de la Soci\'{e}t\'{e} Royale des Sciences de Li\'{e}ge, 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
ESTIMATING THE VALUE OF BT CORN: A MULTI-STATE COMPARISON
Creators: name: Hyde, Jeffrey
name: Martin, Marshall A.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Edwards, C. Richard
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
name: Hyde, Jeffrey
name: Martin, Marshall A.
name: Preckel, Paul V.
name: Edwards, C. Richard
name: Dobbins, Craig L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Bt corn offers a powerful tool to control European corn borers and some other pests. Because pest infestations and farming practices differ across the Corn Belt, economic benefits also differ. This research estimates the value of Bt corn across the Corn Belt. Results identify areas where Bt adoption is economically justified.
Capturing Broadband Light in a Compact Bound State in the Continuum
Creators: name: Hayran, Zeki
name: Monticone, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trapping and storing light for arbitrary time lengths in open cavities is a major goal of nanophotonics, with potential applications ranging from energy harvesting to optical information processing. Unfortunately, however, the resonance lifetime of conventional open resonators remains finite even in the limit of vanishing material absorption, as a result of radiation loss. In this context, bound states in the continuum (BiCs) have provided a unique way to achieve unbounded resonance lifetimes despite the presence of compatible radiation channels. However, physical constraints such as reciprocity, linearity, and delay-bandwidth limits prevent the possibility to externally excite such ideal bound states and make them interact with broadband sources. Here, we overcome these limitations and theoretically demonstrate that subwavelength open resonators undergoing a suitable temporal modulation can efficiently capture a broadband incident wave into a nonradiating eigenmode of the structure, leading to the first example of a BiC that is accessible to broadband light. Our findings unveil the dynamic capabilities of bound states in the continuum and extend their reach and potential impact for different applications.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
WKB analysis for nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potential
Creators: name: Carles, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B30; 35B33; 35B40; 35C20; 35Q55; 81Q20

description: We justify the WKB analysis for the semiclassical nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a subquadratic potential. This concerns subcritical, critical, and supercritical cases as far as the geometrical optics method is concerned. In the supercritical case, this extends a previous result by E. Grenier; we also have to restrict to nonlinearities which are defocusing and cubic at the origin, but besides subquadratic potentials, we consider initial phases which may be unbounded. For this, we construct solutions for some compressible Euler equations with unbounded source term and unbounded initial velocity.
description: 25 pages, 11pt, a4. Appendix withdrawn, due to some inconsistencies
THE ROLE OF AREA-YIELD CROP INSURANCE IN FARMERS' ADJUSTMENT AGAINST RISK IN A DRYLAND REGION OF PORTUGAL
Creators: name: Serrao, Amilcar
name: Coelho, Luis
name: Serrao, Amilcar
name: Coelho, Luis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This research develops a mathematical programming model to maximize the expected utility of the farmers' wealth-producing cereals in the Alentejo dryland region of Portugal, and it is used to determine the premium rate that crop farmers are willing to pay for reducing the variability of their incomes, and the Portuguese government subsidy of the premium rate in the case where the farmer is not willing to pay the totality of this.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INCOME PROTECTION CHOICES FOR WEST TENNESSEE CORN PRODUCERS
Creators: name: Philpot, Walter
name: Larson, James A.
name: Stokes, Jeffrey R.
name: Philpot, Walter
name: Larson, James A.
name: Stokes, Jeffrey R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Farmers need information about the expected value and variability of net revenues for alternative crop insurance and futures hedging strategies to manage risk. Specifically, the model will determine which risk management strategies are most desirable under various levels of risk aversion. The unstable futures basis relation in the data used in the simulation model contributed to increased variability of net revenues. In general, none of the crop insurance or hedging strategies markedly reduced variability of net revenue and relative riskiness when compared with the cash strategy. Revenue Assurance strategies were the most effective at setting a floor on net revenues. As a result, Revenue Assurance products may perform well for extremely risk averse producers.
Fluctuation relations to calculate protein redox potentials from molecular dynamics simulations
Creators: name: Oliveira, A. S. F.
name: Rubio, J.
name: Noble, C. E. M.
name: Anderson, J. L. R.
name: Anders, J.
name: Mulholland, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The tunable design of protein redox potentials promises to open a range of applications in biotechnology and catalysis. Here we introduce a method to calculate redox potential changes by combining fluctuation relations with molecular dynamics simulations. It involves the simulation of reduced and oxidized states, followed by the instantaneous conversion between them. Energy differences introduced by the perturbations are obtained using the Kubo-Onsager approach. Using a detailed fluctuation relation coupled with Bayesian inference, these are post-processed into estimates for the redox potentials in an efficient manner. This new method, denoted MD+CB, is tested on a de novo four-helix bundle heme protein (the m4D2 `maquette') and five designed mutants, including some mutants characterized experimentally in this work. The MD+CB approach is found to perform reliably, giving redox potential shifts with reasonably good correlation (0.85) to the experimental values for the mutants. The MD+CB approach also compares well with redox potential shift predictions using a continuum electrostatic method. The estimation method employed within the MD+CB approach is straightforwardly transferable to standard equilibrium MD simulations, and holds promise for redox protein engineering and design applications.
description: 14 pages, incl. 2 figures and 1 table (+ supplementary information). Accepted version
High-resolution Spectra for a Wide Range of Habitable Zone Planets around Sun-like Stars
Creators: name: Madden, Jack
name: Kaltenegger, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for life in the universe is currently focused on Earth-analog planets. However, we should be prepared to find a diversity of terrestrial exoplanets not only in terms of host star but also in terms of surface environment. Simulated high-resolution spectra of habitable planets covering a wide parameter space are essential in training retrieval tools, optimizing observing strategies, and interpreting upcoming observations. Ground-based extremely large telescopes like ELT, GMT, and TMT; and future space-based mission concepts like Origins, HabEx, and LUVOIR are designed to have the capability of characterizing a variety of potentially habitable worlds. Some of these telescopes will use high precision radial velocity techniques to obtain the required high-resolution spectra ($R\approx100,000$) needed to characterize potentially habitable exoplanets. Here we present a database of high-resolution (0.01 cm$^{-1}$) reflection and emission spectra for simulated exoplanets with a wide range of surfaces, receiving similar irradiation as Earth around 12 different host stars from F0 to K7. Depending on surface type and host star, we show differences in spectral feature strength as well as overall reflectance, emission, and star to planet contrast ratio of terrestrial planets in the Habitable zone of their host stars. Accounting for the wavelength-dependent interaction of the stellar flux and the surface will help identify the best targets for upcoming spectral observations in the visible and infrared. All of our spectra and model profiles are available online.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Submitted to ApJL
A NORTHEAST BORROWER TRAINING PROGRAM: EVOLUTION AND IMPACTS
Creators: name: Parsons, Robert L.
name: Hanson, Gregory D.
name: Parsons, Robert L.
name: Hanson, Gregory D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: agricultural finance
subject: workshop methods
subject: borrower training
subject: cluster analysis
subject: impact analysis

description: A financial training program designed by Cooperative Extension specialists was provided to over 2,000 USDA/FSA borrowers from the Northeast during the period 1994-1999. Key to the success of the workshops was an in-depth, user-friendly curriculum that evolved over time, eventually replacing satellite-feed instruction with pre-taped videos. Cluster analysis classified nearly 70 percent of workshop participants as "Low Finance Priority" or "Low Finance Knowledge." Farmers in these clusters received a relatively greater educational benefit from the program than those not in these clusters.. Impact analysis indicated that perceived annual gain in farm net worth from application of workshop tools ranged from approximately $5,000 to $10,000. The training addressed the needs of producers typically isolated from Cooperative Extension because the workshop was the only extension program attended that year by nearly two-thirds of them.
Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
Creators: name: Springel, Volker
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Jenkins, Adrian
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Gao, Liang
name: Navarro, Julio
name: Thacker, Robert
name: Croton, Darren
name: Helly, John
name: Peacock, John A.
name: Cole, Shaun
name: Thomas, Peter
name: Couchman, Hugh
name: Evrard, August
name: Colberg, Joerg
name: Pearce, Frazer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cold dark matter model has become the leading theoretical paradigm for the formation of structure in the Universe. Together with the theory of cosmic inflation, this model makes a clear prediction for the initial conditions for structure formation and predicts that structures grow hierarchically through gravitational instability. Testing this model requires that the precise measurements delivered by galaxy surveys can be compared to robust and equally precise theoretical calculations. Here we present a novel framework for the quantitative physical interpretation of such surveys. This combines the largest simulation of the growth of dark matter structure ever carried out with new techniques for following the formation and evolution of the visible components. We show that baryon-induced features in the initial conditions of the Universe are reflected in distorted form in the low-redshift galaxy distribution, an effect that can be used to constrain the nature of dark energy with next generation surveys.
description: Nature, in press, 42 pages, 11 Figures, Supplementary Information included, movie available http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/galform/millennium
Spiraling vortices in exciton-polariton condensates
Creators: name: Ma, Xuekai
name: Kartashov, Yaroslav V.
name: Gao, Tingge
name: Torner, Lluis
name: Schumacher, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the phenomenon of spiraling vortices in driven-dissipative (non-equilibrium) exciton-polariton condensates excited by a non-resonant pump beam. At suitable low pump intensities, these vortices are shown to spiral along circular trajectories whose diameter is inversely proportional to the effective mass of the polaritons, while the rotation period is mass independent. Both diameter and rotation period are inversely proportional to the pump intensity. Stable spiraling patterns in the form of complexes of multiple mutually-interacting vortices are also found. At elevated pump intensities, which create a stronger homogeneous background, we observe more complex vortex trajectories resembling Spirograph patterns.
Continuous quantum error correction
Creators: name: Sarovar, Mohan
name: Milburn, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe new implementations of quantum error correction that are continuous in time, and thus described by continuous dynamical maps. We evaluate the performance of such schemes using numerical simulations, and comment on the effectiveness and applicability of continuous error correction for quantum computing.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Presented at QCMC '04 (Univ. of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK, July 25-29, 2004)
Linear Spaces of Meanings: Compositional Structures in Vision-Language Models
Creators: name: Trager, Matthew
name: Perera, Pramuditha
name: Zancato, Luca
name: Achille, Alessandro
name: Bhatia, Parminder
name: Soatto, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate compositional structures in data embeddings from pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs). Traditionally, compositionality has been associated with algebraic operations on embeddings of words from a pre-existing vocabulary. In contrast, we seek to approximate representations from an encoder as combinations of a smaller set of vectors in the embedding space. These vectors can be seen as "ideal words" for generating concepts directly within the embedding space of the model. We first present a framework for understanding compositional structures from a geometric perspective. We then explain what these compositional structures entail probabilistically in the case of VLM embeddings, providing intuitions for why they arise in practice. Finally, we empirically explore these structures in CLIP's embeddings and we evaluate their usefulness for solving different vision-language tasks such as classification, debiasing, and retrieval. Our results show that simple linear algebraic operations on embedding vectors can be used as compositional and interpretable methods for regulating the behavior of VLMs.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 7 tables
A layered single-side readout DOI TOF-PET detector
Creators: name: Bläckberg, L.
name: Sajedi, S.
name: Fakhri, G. El
name: Sabet, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are exploring a scintillator-based detector with potential of high sensitivity, DOI capability and timing resolution in a single-side readout configuration. Our concept combines: 1) A design with 2+ crystal arrays stacked with relative offset, with inherent DOI information but good timing performance has not been shown with conventional light sharing readout. 2) Single crystal array with one-to-one coupling to the photodetector (PD) array, with good timing performance, but no DOI. We believe the combination, where the first layer of a staggered design is coupled one-to-one to a PD array may provide both DOI and timing. The concept is here evaluated through light transport simulations. Results show that: 1) In terms of DOI one-to-one readout of the first layer allows for accurate DOI extraction using a single threshold relative to the PD sum signal, for up to 4 layers. The number of PD pixels exceeding the threshold corresponds to the layer of interaction. The corresponding approach is not possible for the same geometries with a light sharing readout scheme. 2) When employing a low threshold of 2 optical photons the layered approach with one-to-one readout of the first layer improves timing close to the PD compared to single layer, due to reduced crystal thickness. Single detector timing resolution values of 91, 127, 151 and 164 ps were seen in the 4-layer design with unpolished pixels, compared to 148 ps for single array with one-to-one coupling. 3) For the layered design with light sharing readout, timing improves with increased PD pixel size, with an apparent tradeoff between spatial resolution and timing not observed for the one-to-one coupled counterpart. The combination of straightforward and accurate DOI determination, good timing performance and relatively simple design makes the proposed detector a promising candidate for brain dedicated DOI TOF-PET.
Period Spaces for Hodge Structures in Equal Characteristic
Creators: name: Hartl, Urs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09 (primary) 13A35, 14G20, 14G22 (secondary)

description: We develop the analog in equal positive characteristic of Fontaine's theory for crystalline Galois representations of a p-adic field. In particular we describe the analog of Fontaine's functor which assigns to a crystalline Galois representation an isocrystal with a Hodge filtration. In equal characteristic the role of isocrystals and Hodge filtrations is played by z-isocrystals and Hodge-Pink structures. The latter were invented by Pink. Our first main result in this article is the analog of the Colmez-Fontaine Theorem that "weakly admissible implies admissible". Next we construct period spaces for Hodge-Pink structures on a fixed z-isocrystal. These period spaces are analogs of the Rapoport-Zink period spaces for Fontaine's filtered isocrystals in mixed characteristic and likewise are rigid analytic spaces. For our period spaces we prove the analog of a conjecture of Rapoport and Zink stating the existence of a "universal local system" on a Berkovich open subspace of the period space. As a consequence of "weakly admissible implies admissible" this Berkovich open subspace contains every classical rigid analytic point of the period space. As the principal tool to demonstrate these results we use the analog of Kedlaya's Slope Filtration Theorem which we also formulate and prove here.
description: v3: final version, appears in Annals of Mathematics
A Tabulation and Critical Analysis of the Wavelength-Dependent Dielectric Image Coefficient for the Interaction Exerted by a Surface onto a Neighbouring Excited Atom
Creators: name: Saltiel, Solomon
name: Bloch, Daniel
name: Ducloy, Martial
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The near-field interaction of an atom with a dielectric surface is inversely proportional to the cube to the distance to the surface, and its coupling strength depends on a dielectric image coefficient. This coefficient, simply given in a pure electrostatic approach by (eps-1) / (eps+1) with eps the permittivity, is specific to the frequency of each of the various relevant atomic transition : it depends in a complex manner from the bulk material properties, and can exhibit resonances connected to the surface polariton modes. We list here the surface resonances for about a hundred of optical windows whose bulk properties are currently tabulated. The study concentrates on the infrared domain because it is the most relevant for atom-surface interaction. Aside from this tabulation, we discuss simple hints to estimate the position of surface resonances, and how uncertainties in the bulk data for the material dramatically affect the predictions for the image coefficient. We also evaluate the contribution of UV resonances of the material to the non resonant part of the image coefficient.
description: submitted (Jan. 23, 2006) to Optics Communications
Predicting Single-Temperature Fit to Multi-Component Thermal Plasma Spectra
Creators: name: Vikhlinin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observed X-ray spectra of hot gas in clusters, groups, and individual galaxies are commonly fit with a single-temperature thermal plasma model even though the beam may contain emission from components with different temperatures. Recently, Mazzotta et al. pointed out that thus derived T_spec can be significantly different from commonly used definitions of average temperature, such as emission- or emission measure-weighted T, and found an analytic expression for predicting T_spec for a mixture of plasma spectra with relatively hot temperatures (T>3 keV). In this Paper, we propose an algorithm which can accurately predict T_spec in a much wider range of temperatures (T>0.5 keV), and for essentially arbitrary abundance of heavy elements. This algorithm can be applied in the deprojection analysis of objects with the temperature and metallicity gradients, for correction of the PSF effects, for consistent comparison of numerical simulations of galaxy clusters and groups with the X-ray observations, and for estimating how emission from undetected components can bias the global X-ray spectral analysis.
description: Submitted to ApJ. 6 emulateapj pages. Updated in response to the referee's comments. Now includes parameters for XMM PN and MOS and ASCA GIS and SIS
Production of the h_c and h_b and Implications for Quarkonium Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Godfrey, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent observation of the h_c is an important test of QCD calculations and provides constraints on models of quarkonium spectroscopy. In this contribution I discuss some of these implications and describe methods to search for the h_c and h_b via radiative transitions and other means.
description: Talk presented at the 1st Meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics (Fermilab, Oct 24-26, 2004), 4 pages, 1 figure, uses jpconf. References added
Practical Strategies for Enhancing the Valley Splitting in Si/SiGe Quantum Wells
Creators: name: Losert, Merritt P.
name: Eriksson, M. A.
name: Joynt, Robert
name: Rahman, Rajib
name: Scappucci, Giordano
name: Coppersmith, Susan N.
name: Friesen, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon/silicon-germanium heterostructures have many important advantages for hosting spin qubits. However, controlling the valley splitting (the energy splitting between the two low-lying conduction-band valleys) remains a critical challenge for ensuring qubit reliability. Broad distributions of valley splittings are commonplace, even among quantum dots formed on the same chip. In this work, we theoretically explore the interplay between quantum-well imperfections that suppress the valley splitting and cause variability, such as broadened interfaces and atomic steps at the interface, while self-consistently accounting for germanium concentration fluctuations. We consider both conventional and unconventional approaches for controlling the valley splitting, and present concrete strategies for implementing them. Our results provide a clear path for achieving qubit uniformity in a scalable silicon quantum computer.
description: 35 pages, 22 figures
Equiangular lines, mutually unbiased bases, and spin models
Creators: name: Godsil, Chris
name: Roy, Aidan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B10 (81P68 94A99)

description: We use difference sets to construct interesting sets of lines in complex space. Using (v,k,1)-difference sets, we obtain k^2-k+1 equiangular lines in C^k when k-1 is a prime power. Using semiregular relative difference sets with parameters (k,n,k,l) we construct sets of n+1 mutually unbiased bases in C^k. We show how to construct these difference sets from commutative semifields and that several known maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases can be obtained in this way, resolving a conjecture about the monomiality of maximal sets. We also relate mutually unbiased bases to spin models.
description: 23 pages; no figures. Minor correction as pointed out in arxiv.org:1104.3370
WHAT DOES MANUFACTURING PROTECTION COST FARMERS? A REVIEW OF SOME RECENT AUSTRALIAN CONTRIBUTIONS
Creators: name: Parmenter, B.R.
name: Parmenter, B.R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: A method proposed by Clements and Sjaastad for measuring the effect of manufacturing protection on farmers' incomes is shown to be theoretically unsound, to use some inappropriate assumptions and to lead to overestimation. Even if corrected, the method seems inferior to estimating directly via ORANI the change in farm incomes which would occur when protection levels change. This is because the model contains detailed theoretical explanations of the price and quantity changes which determine changes in the relevant incomes and is calibrated using extensive empirical evidence about the behaviour of the prices and quantities in the Australian economy. Using ORANI and incorporating recently completed improvements to its agricultural data base, it is estimated that, in the short run, abolishing protection would increase farm incomes by about 17 per cent.
Amplitude amplification-inspired QAOA: Improving the success probability for solving 3SAT
Creators: name: Mandl, Alexander
name: Barzen, Johanna
name: Bechtold, Marvin
name: Leymann, Frank
name: Wild, Karoline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Boolean satisfiability problem (SAT), in particular 3SAT with its bounded clause size, is a well-studied problem since a wide range of decision problems can be reduced to it. Due to its high complexity, examining potentials of quantum algorithms for solving 3SAT more efficiently is an important topic. Since 3SAT can be formulated as unstructured search for satisfying variable assignments, the amplitude amplification algorithm can be applied. However, the high circuit complexity of amplitude amplification hinders its use on near-term quantum systems. On the other hand, the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising candidate for solving 3SAT for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices in the near future due to its simple quantum ansatz. However, although QAOA generally exhibits a high approximation ratio, there are 3SAT problem instances where its success probability decreases using current implementations. To address this problem, in this paper we introduce amplitude amplification-inspired variants of QAOA to improve the success probability for 3SAT. For this, (i) three amplitude amplification-inspired QAOA variants are introduced and implemented, (ii) the variants are experimental compared with a standard QAOA implementation, and (iii) the impact on the success probability and ansatz complexity is analyzed. The experiment results show that an improvement in the success probability can be achieved with only a moderate increase in circuit complexity.
THE INCOME AND CONSUMPTION EXPERIENCES OF A SAMPLE OF FARM FAMILIES
Creators: name: Mullen, John D.
name: Powell, Roy A.
name: Reece, B.F.
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Powell, Roy A.
name: Reece, B.F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The way in which the consumption of farm families is adjusted to fluctuations in income has important implications at the national, regional and farm levels. In this paper, hypotheses about the consumption of farm families are examined using data from 16 families in a wheat-sheep region of New South Wales for the eight-year period 1968/69 to 1975/76. The results of the study indicate that lagged effects are important in explaining consumption by farm households. It was not possible to partition these lag effects between partial adjustment and normal income influences. Estimates of the short-run (one-year) marginal propensity to consume (mpc) were quite low, ranging from 0.13 to 0.16. The best estimates of the long-run mpc ranged from 0.19 to 0.25.
Spin-Orbit Exciton in a Honeycomb Lattice Magnet CoTiO$_3$: Revealing Link Between Rare Earth and Transition Metal Magnetism
Creators: name: Yuan, Bo
name: Stone, M. B.
name: Shu, Guo-Jiun
name: Chou, F. C.
name: Rao, Xin
name: Clancy, J. P.
name: Kim, Young-June
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carried out inelastic neutron scattering to study the spin-orbital (SO) exciton in a single crystal sample of CoTiO$_3$ as a function of temperature. CoTiO$_3$ is a honeycomb magnet with dominant XY-type magnetic interaction and an A-type antiferromagnetic order below $\mathrm{T_N} \approx 38$~K. We found that the SO exciton becomes softer, but acquires a larger bandwidth in the paramagnetic phase, compared to that in the magnetically ordered phase. Moreover, an additional mode is only observed in the intermediate temperature range, as the sample is warmed up above the lowest accessible temperature below $\mathrm{T_N}$. Such an unusual temperature dependence observed in this material suggests that its ground states (an $S_{\mathrm{eff}}=\frac{1}{2}$ doublet) and excited states multiplets are strongly coupled, and therefore cannot be treated independently, as often done in a pseudo-spin model. Our observations can be explained by a multi-level theory within random phase approximation that explicitly takes into account both the ground and excited multiplets. The success of our theory, which is originally developed to explain temperature dependence of magnetic excitations in the rare-earth magnets, highlight the similarity between the magnetic excitations in rare-earth systems and those in transition metal systems with strong spin orbit coupling.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, submitted to PRB
The use of phonological and orthographic information for memory and spelling : an analysis of reading and spelling subtypes
Creators: name: Harrison, Gina Louise
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The present study was designed to examine differences between subtypes of readers and spellers in their performance on several phonological, orthographic, and memory tasks. A central question involved whether subtypes of readers and spellers could be distinguished based on their performance across the tasks administered. Based on their performance on a standardized achievement test, fourth and fifth grade children (N=50) were classified as having no difficulties with reading and spelling (good readers and spellers), difficulties with spelling, but not reading (mixed readers and spellers), or difficulties with both reading and spelling (poor readers and spellers). Each student was given a series of tasks to assess their use of phonological and orthographic information for memory and spelling. These tasks included: 1) rhyme judgment, 2) cued recall, 3) reading pronounceable pseudowords, 4) deciding which of. two pseudowords looks most like a real word, and 5) reporting on the kinds of strategies used to spell words. An error analysis was also conducted. Students with reading and spelling difficulties performed consistently lower than good and mixed readers and spellers on tasks assessing their use of phonological information. Good and mixed readers and spellers were not distinguishable on these tasks. Students with no reading and spelling difficulties or with spelling difficulties only performed better than poor readers and spellers on some tasks assessing orthographic processing. Specifically, mixed readers and spellers were distinguishable from good readers and spellers by their poorer recall of visually similar words. Good and poor subtypes were not distinguishable on this task. Poor readers and spellers also achieved comparable scores to the good and mixed readers and spellers on a measure of orthographic awareness. Overall results provided evidence supporting subtypes of reading and spelling ability groups. Students with no reading and spelling difficulties, or difficulties with spelling but not reading were similar in their use of phonological information. However, students with reading and spelling difficulties were more similar to the good readers and spellers in their use of orthographic information in memory. The findings from the present study have implications to subsequent research examining spelling ability, provide further evidence of the unique processing characteristics of the paradoxical good reader but poor speller, and suggest the possibility of unique programming needs to remediate spelling difficulties in mixed and poor readers and spellers.
On the use of organic semiconductors as handles for optical tweezers experiments: trapping and manipulating polyaniline (PANI) microparticles
Creators: name: Oliveira, Kairon M.
name: Moura, Tiago A.
name: Lucas, Janaisa L. C.
name: Teixeira, Alvaro V. N. C.
name: Rocha, Marcio S.
name: Mendes, Joaquim B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we propose the use of the organic semiconductor polyaniline (PANI) for the preparation of spherical-shaped microparticles to serve as handles in optical tweezers (OT) experiments. The stable trapping and manipulation of PANI beads was demonstrated for the first time, using a Gaussian ($TEM_{00}$) beam optical tweezers. The trap stiffness was characterized for various different parameters such as the bead radius, the laser power and the distance between the bead and the coverslip of the sample chamber, attesting the viability of using such material for optical manipulation. Since the effective optical properties of PANI can be modulated by the synthesis process, new related applications are also proposed. The results of the present work therefore open the door for using semiconductor polymeric materials in OT applications.
description: 10 pages and 5 figures
NaxCoO2: Enhanced low-energy excitations of electrons on a 2D triangular lattice
Creators: name: Brühwiler, M.
name: Batlogg, B.
name: Kazakov, S. M.
name: Niedermayer, Ch.
name: Karpinski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To elucidate the low-energy excitation spectrum of correlated electrons on a 2D triangular lattice, we have studied the electrical resistance and specific heat down to 0.5 K and in magnetic fields up to 14 T, in NaxCoO2 samples with a Na content ranging from x \approx 0.5 to 0.82. Two distinct regimes are observed: for x from about 0.6 to x \approx 0.75 the specific heat is strongly enhanced, with a pronounced upturn of C/T below about 10 K, reaching 47 mJ/(mol K^2). This enhancement is suppressed in a magnetic field indicative of strong low-energy spin fluctuations. At higher Na content the fluctuations are reduced and mu-SR data confirm the SDW ground state below 22 K and the much reduced heat capacity is field independent.
description: Accepted in Physica B
Curved fronts of bistable reaction-diffusion equations in spatially periodic media
Creators: name: Guo, Hongjun
name: Li, Wan-Tong
name: Liu, Rongsong
name: Wang, Zhi-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, curved fronts are constructed for spatially periodic bistable reaction-diffusion equations under the a priori assumption that there exist pulsating fronts in every direction. Some sufficient and some necessary conditions of the existence of curved fronts are given. Furthermore, the curved front is proved to be unique and stable. Finally, a curved front with varying interfaces is also constructed. Despite the effect of the spatial heterogeneity, the result shows the existence of curved fronts for spatially periodic bistable reaction-diffusion equations which is known for the homogeneous case.
Theory of Transport Properties in the p-wave Superconducting State of Sr2RuO4 - A Microscopic Determination of the Gap Structure -
Creators: name: Nomura, Takuji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a detailed quantitative analysis of transport properties in the p-wave superconducting state of Sr2RuO4. Specifically, we calculate ultrasound attenuation rate and electronic thermal conductivity within the mean field approximation. The impurity scattering of the quasi-particles are treated within the self-consistent T-matrix approximation, and assumed to be in the unitarity limit. The momentum dependence of the gap function is determined by solving the Eliashberg equation for a three-band Hubbard model with the realistic electronic structure of Sr2RuO4. On the basis of the microscopic theory, we can naturally expect nodal structures along the c-axis on the cylindrical Fermi surfaces, even if we assume the chiral pairing state (i.e., Δ(k) \sim k_x \pm {\rm i} k_y). Consequently, we obtain the temperature dependence of the transport coefficients in agreement with the experimental results. We can clarify that actually the thermal excitations on the passively superconducting bands contribute significantly to the thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range, in contrast to the case of other physical quantities.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Einheit und Vielfalt in der neutestamentlichen Lehre von der Kirche
Creators: name: Käsemann, Ernst
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 1 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 1
Evaluating German Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Agreement Tests
Creators: name: Zaczynska, Karolina
name: Feldhus, Nils
name: Schwarzenberg, Robert
name: Gabryszak, Aleksandra
name: Möller, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pre-trained transformer language models (TLMs) have recently refashioned natural language processing (NLP): Most state-of-the-art NLP models now operate on top of TLMs to benefit from contextualization and knowledge induction. To explain their success, the scientific community conducted numerous analyses. Besides other methods, syntactic agreement tests were utilized to analyse TLMs. Most of the studies were conducted for the English language, however. In this work, we analyse German TLMs. To this end, we design numerous agreement tasks, some of which consider peculiarities of the German language. Our experimental results show that state-of-the-art German TLMs generally perform well on agreement tasks, but we also identify and discuss syntactic structures that push them to their limits.
description: SwissText + KONVENS 2020
Run-and-tumble motion in trapping environments
Creators: name: Angelani, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex or hostile environments can sometimes inhibit the movement capabilities of diffusive particles or active swimmers, who may thus become stuck in fixed positions. This occurs, for example, in the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces at the initial stage of biofilm formation. Here we analyze the dynamics of active particles in the presence of trapping regions, where irreversible particle immobilization occurs at a fixed rate. By solving the kinetic equations for run-and tumble motion in one space dimension, we give expressions for probability distribution functions, focusing on stationary distributions of blocked particles, and mean trapping times in terms of physical and geometrical parameters. Different extensions of the trapping region are considered, from infinite to cases of semi infinite and finite intervals. The mean trapping time turns out to be simply the inverse of the trapping rate for infinitely extended trapping zones, while it has a nontrivial form in the semi-infinite case and is undefined for finite domains, due to the appearance of long tails in the trapping time distribution. Finally, to account for the subdiffusive behavior observed in the adhesion processes of bacteria to surfaces, we extend the model to include anomalous diffusive motion in the trapping region, reporting the exact expression of the mean-square displacement.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
SUPPLY RESPONSE IN THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP INDUSTRY: A CASE FOR DISAGGREGATION AND DYNAMICS
Creators: name: Reynolds, R.G.
name: Gardiner, B.
name: Reynolds, R.G.
name: Gardiner, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Productivity Analysis

description: Microeconomic capital goods theory was utilised to provide a theoretical framework on which a dynamic econometric model was based. Econometric procedures were then employed in an analysis of sheep producers' decision making regarding the annual supplies of wool, lamb and mutton, and annual changes in the inventory levels of sheep, lambs and ewes maintained for breeding purposes. Estimates show that wool prices provide the long-run stimulus for increases and decreases in the sheep flock while mutton and lamb prices are responsible for short-run changes in flock composition. Substitution between sheep and beef cattle is of considerable importance although no significant substitution between sheep and cropping could be found. Seasonal conditions proved to be an important short-run supply shifter, affecting both numbers and composition of the sheep flock.
A MODEL OF SUPPLY RESPONSE IN THE AUSTRALIAN ORANGE GROWING INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Quilkey, John J.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Freebairn, John W.
name: Quilkey, John J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Productivity Analysis

description: A model of the Australian orange growing industry to explain changes in plantings, removals, the number and age composition of trees and orange production is developed and estimated. Most of the variation in plantings is explained by the expected profitability of growing oranges, the current stocks of bearing and nonbearing trees, and removals of trees last year. Estimates of the elasticities of response of plantings and production to price changes are low and there are long time lags. An illustrative application of the model projects future developments in the industry for alternative assumptions about the profitability of growing oranges.