cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Personalized Counterfactual Fairness in Recommendation
Creators: name: Li, Yunqi
name: Chen, Hanxiong
name: Xu, Shuyuan
name: Ge, Yingqiang
name: Zhang, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recommender systems are gaining increasing and critical impacts on human and society since a growing number of users use them for information seeking and decision making. Therefore, it is crucial to address the potential unfairness problems in recommendations. Just like users have personalized preferences on items, users' demands for fairness are also personalized in many scenarios. Therefore, it is important to provide personalized fair recommendations for users to satisfy their personalized fairness demands. Besides, previous works on fair recommendation mainly focus on association-based fairness. However, it is important to advance from associative fairness notions to causal fairness notions for assessing fairness more properly in recommender systems. Based on the above considerations, this paper focuses on achieving personalized counterfactual fairness for users in recommender systems. To this end, we introduce a framework for achieving counterfactually fair recommendations through adversary learning by generating feature-independent user embeddings for recommendation. The framework allows recommender systems to achieve personalized fairness for users while also covering non-personalized situations. Experiments on two real-world datasets with shallow and deep recommendation algorithms show that our method can generate fairer recommendations for users with a desirable recommendation performance.
description: 10 pages. Accepted to ACM SIGIR 2021
Monitoring structural and physiological properties of crop roots using spectral electrical impedance tomography
Creators: name: Weigand, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: This poster was created for the annual ABC/J Summer Festival, http://www.geoverbund-abcj.de

A better understanding of root-soil interactions and associated hydrological processes is essential for improving models of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Only few methods exist for the characterization and monitoring of roots in a non-invasive manner, especially for the field scale. We here propose spectral electrical impedance tomography (sEIT) for the non-invasive imaging and characterization of crop root systems.

While still in its infancy regarding biogeophysical applications, it combines unique properties of being sensitive to both structure and function of plant roots, as well as near-universal applicability on both the laboratory and the field scales.
Achieving Causality with Physical Clocks
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Sandeep S
name: Appleton, Gabe
name: Nguyen, Duong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Physical clocks provide more precision than applications can use. For example, a 64 bit NTP clock allows a precision of 233 picoseconds. In this paper, we focus on whether the least significant bits that are not useful to the applications could be used to track (one way) causality among events. We present PWC (Physical clock With Causality) that uses the extraneous bits in the physical clock. We show that PWC is very robust to errors in clock skew and transient errors. We show that PWC can be used as both a physical and logical clock for a typical distributed application even if just 6-9 extraneous bits (corresponding to precision of 15-120 nanoseconds) are available. Another important characteristic of PWC is that the standard integer < operation can be used to compare timestamps to deduce (one-way) causality among events. Thus, PWC is significantly more versatile than previous approaches for using the physical clock to provide causality information.
description: 11 pages, preprint version of submission to ICDCN with Appendix
End-to-end deep meta modelling to calibrate and optimize energy consumption and comfort
Creators: name: Cohen, Max
name: Corff, Sylvain Le
name: Charbit, Maurice
name: Preda, Marius
name: Nozière, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a new end-to-end methodology to optimize the energy performance as well as comfort and air quality in large buildings without any renovation work. We introduce a metamodel based on recurrent neural networks and trained to predict the behavior of a general class of buildings using a database sampled from a simulation program. This metamodel is then deployed in different frameworks and its parameters are calibrated using the specific data of two real buildings. Parameters are estimated by comparing the predictions of the metamodel with real data obtained from sensors using the CMA-ES algorithm, a derivative free optimization procedure. Then, energy consumptions are optimized while maintaining a target thermal comfort and air quality, using the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization procedure. The numerical experiments illustrate how this metamodel ensures a significant gain in energy efficiency, up to almost 10%, while being computationally much more appealing than numerical models and flexible enough to be adapted to several types of buildings.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.12390
Is CHF triggered by the vapor recoil effect?
Creators: name: Nikolayev, Vadim S.
name: Beysens, D.
name: Chatain, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the triggering mechanism of the boiling crisis, a transition from nucleate to film boiling. We observe the boiling crisis in pool saturated boiling experimentally at nearly critical pressure to take advantage of the slowness of the bubble growth and of the smallness of the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) that defines the transition point. Such experiments require the reduced gravity conditions. Close to the CHF, the slow growth of the individual dry spots and their subsequent fusion on the transparent heater are observed through the latter. As discussed in the paper, these observations are consistent with numerical results obtained with the vapor recoil model of the boiling crisis.
On weakly convex star-shaped polyhedra
Creators: name: Schlenker, Jean-Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Weakly convex polyhedra which are star-shaped with respect to one of their vertices are infinitesimally rigid. This is a partial answer to the question whether every decomposable weakly convex polyhedron is infinitesimally rigid. The proof uses a recent result of Izmestiev on the geometry of convex caps.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Using Repository Data To Attract the Researchers' Attention and To Promote Research Outcomes – Publication Profiles@Chalmers
Creators: name: Andersson, Urban
name: Gilbert, Jonas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: How can the library use the extensive and well-structured data contained in the institutional repository to attract the researchers attention and to promote the research outcome of the university? Publication data is still usually presented in a traditional bibliographic style, in the form of publication lists and similar. But could this data also be used to present research activities and publications in a way that would get even more attention from users? This question has been underlying the initiative Publication Profiles at Chalmers. We have used data, already available in the local publication database – Chalmers Publication Database (CPL) - and data mining techniques, in order to aggregate profiles on multiple levels, such as • Individual researcher • Departement/Research Group • Subject Field • Strategic Areas of Advance.
Interactive video : the effects of adaptivity and modality
Creators: name: Wilson, James Stuart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The effectiveness of interactive video instruction in improving learner performance was compared with computer assisted instruction, video instruction and textual instruction in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Two levels of adaptivity (low and high) were crossed with two levels of modality (unimodality and multimodality). Four instructional technologies were operationalized as follows: text: low adaptivity/unimodality; video: low adaptivity/multimodality; computer assisted instruction: high adaptivity/unimodality; interactive video: high adaptivity/multimodality. Fifty-two, ninth-through-twelfth graders were randomly assigned to the four instructional treatment groups and were presented with parallel forms of the same computer hardware lesson, differing only in presentation media (text, video, computer assisted instruction, interactive video). The lesson was immediately followed by a recall test and a retention test was given two weeks later. Two interactive video subjects were interviewed about their experiences. Analysis of variance was performed on three dependent variables: instructional time, post test scores and retention test scores. Results indicate that interactive video is not necessarily a more effective instructional technology than the other three tested. The nature of the adaptivity built into the controlling computer program was found to be critical to the effectiveness of interactive video.
Mosaic Flows: A Transferable Deep Learning Framework for Solving PDEs on Unseen Domains
Creators: name: Wang, Hengjie
name: Planas, Robert
name: Chandramowlishwaran, Aparna
name: Bostanabad, Ramin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.2.6

description: Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are increasingly employed to replace/augment traditional numerical methods in solving partial differential equations (PDEs). While state-of-the-art PINNs have many attractive features, they approximate a specific realization of a PDE system and hence are problem-specific. That is, the model needs to be re-trained each time the boundary conditions (BCs) and domain shape/size change. This limitation prohibits the application of PINNs to realistic or large-scale engineering problems especially since the costs and efforts associated with their training are considerable. We introduce a transferable framework for solving boundary value problems (BVPs) via deep neural networks which can be trained once and used forever for various unseen domains and BCs. We first introduce genomic flow network(GFNet), a neural network that can infer the solution of a BVP across arbitrary BCson a small square domain called genome. Then, we proposed mosaic flow(MF) predictor, a novel iterative algorithm that assembles the GFNet's inferences for BVPs on large domains with unseen sizes/shapes and BCs while preserving the spatial regularity of the solution. We demonstrate that our framework can estimate the solution of Laplace and Navier-Stokes equations in domains of unseen shapes and BCs that are, respectively, 1200 and 12 times larger than the training domains. Since our framework eliminates the need to re-train models for unseen domains and BCs, it demonstrates up to 3 orders-of-magnitude speedups compared to the state-of-the-art.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Situations d'apprentissage collectives instrumentées : étude de pratiques dans l'enseignement supérieur
Creators: name: Michel, Christine
name: Garrot, Elise
name: George, Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.1

description: Currently, educational platforms propose many tools of communication, production, labour division or collective work management in order to support collective activities. But it is not guaranteed that actors (instructional designers, tutors or learner) are really using them. Our work, describe characteristics of instrumented learning situations (ICLS) in the higher education. Our intention is to determine: if ICLS are really existing; which form they take (in terms of scenario, tools, type of activity...) ; if recommendations resulting from research tasks are taken into account by instructional designers and if the instructional designer prescribed activities are really follow by learners or tutors? To answer these questions, we have made a survey about ICLS actors uses.
Supersymmetric Vector Multiplets in Non-Adjoint Representations of SO(N)
Creators: name: Nishino, Hitoshi
name: Rajpoot, Subhash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the conventional formulation of N=1 supersymmetry, a vector multiplet is supposed to be in the adjoint representation of a given gauge group. We present a new formulation with a vector multiplet in the non-adjoint representation of SO(N) gauge group. Our basic algebra is [ T^I, T^J ] = f^{I J K} T^K, [ T^I, U^i ] = - (T^I)^{i j} U^j, [ U^i, U^j ] = - (T^I)^{i j} T^I, where T^I are the generators of SO(N), while U^i are the new 'generators' in certain non-adjoint real representation R of SO(N). We use here the word `generator' in the broader sense of the word. Such a representation can be any real representation of SO(N) with the positive definite metric, satisfying (T^I)^{i j} = - (T^I)^{j i} and (T^I)^{[ i j |} (T^I)^{| k ] l} \equiv 0. The first non-trivial examples are the spinorial 8_S and conjugate spinorial 8_C representations of SO(8) consistent with supersymmetry. We further couple the system to chiral multiplets, and show that a Higgs mechanism can give positive definite (mass)^2 to the new gauge fields for U^i. We show an analogous system working with N=1 supersymmetry in 10D, and thereby N=4 system in 4D interacting with extra multiplets in the representation R. We also perform superspace reformulation as an independent confirmation.
description: 15 pages, no figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Effect of Zr and Nb on the Electrical and Magnetic Properties of the Fe-Zr-Nb-B-Cu Alloy
Creators: name: Noh, Junghyun
name: Park, Seungyeon
name: Hwang, Haejin
name: Lim, Kyoungmook
Publisher: name: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nanocrystalline alloy
magnetic properties
Electrical properties
Soft magnet
amorphous alloy

description: The present study, aims to investigate the effect of minor Zr and Nb alloying on soft magnetic and electrical properties of Fe86(ZrxNb1-x)7B6Cu1 (x = 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25) alloys. The investigated alloys were prepared through the melt spinning process. Within the examined compositional range (Nb up to 5.25at%, respectively), the soft magnetic properties and electrical resistivity of the alloys continuously increase with increasing Nb content. However increasing the Nb content further decreases such properties. We could confirm the influence of ratio of Zr and Nb on grain growth and crystallization fraction during crystallization by using the soft magnetic properties and electrical properties.
Pulsar radiation belts and transient radio emission
Creators: name: Luo, Q.
name: Melrose, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proposed that radiation belts similar to the ones in the planetary magnetosphere can exist for a pulsar with a relatively long period and a strong magnetic field. In the belts located in the closed field line region near the light cylinder relativistic pairs are trapped and maintained at a density substantially higher than the local Goldreich-Julian corotation density. The trapped plasma can be supplied and replenished by either direct injection of relativistic pairs from acceleration of externally-supplied particles in a dormant outer gap or in situ ionization of the accreted neutral material in the trapping region. The radiation belts can be disrupted by waves that are excited in the region as the result of plasma instabilities or emitted from the surface due to starquakes or stellar oscillations. The disruption can cause an intermittent particle precipitation toward the star producing radio bursts. It is suggested that such bursts may be seen as rotating radio transients (RRATs).
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
The phase/state duality in reversible circuit design
Creators: name: Amy, Matthew
name: Ross, Neil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reversible implementation of classical functions accounts for the bulk of most known quantum algorithms. As a result, a number of reversible circuit constructions over the Clifford+$T$ gate set have been developed in recent years which use both the state and phase spaces, or $X$ and $Z$ bases, to reduce circuit costs beyond what is possible at the strictly classical level. We study and generalize two particular classes of these constructions: relative phase circuits, including Giles and Selinger's multiply-controlled $iX$ gates and Maslov's $4$ qubit Toffoli gate, and measurement-assisted circuits, including Jones' Toffoli gate and Gidney's temporary logical-AND. In doing so, we introduce general methods for implementing classical functions up to phase and for measurement-assisted termination of temporary values. We then apply these techniques to find novel $T$-count efficient constructions of some classical functions in space-constrained regimes, notably multiply-controlled Toffoli gates and temporary products.
description: 16 pages, comments welcome
Super-resolution in turbulent videos: making profit from damage
Creators: name: Yaroslavsky, L.
name: Fishbain, B.
name: Shabat, G.
name: Ideses, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that one can make use of local instabilities in turbulent video frames to enhance image resolution beyond the limit defined by the image sampling rate. The paper outlines the processing algorithm, presents its experimental verification on simulated and real-life videos and discusses its potentials and limitations.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. Submitted to Optics Letters, 10-07-07
Bisection for kinetically constrained models revisited
Creators: name: Hartarsky, Ivailo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary), 82C22, 60J27 (Secondary)

description: The bisection method for kinetically constrained models (KCM) of Cancrini, Martinelli, Roberto and Toninelli is a vital technique applied also beyond KCM. In this note we present a new way of performing it, based on a novel two-block dynamics with a probabilistic proof instead of the original spectral one. We illustrate the method by very directly proving an upper bound on the relaxation time of KCM like the one for the East model in a strikingly general setting. Namely, we treat KCM on finite or infinite one-dimensional volumes, with any boundary condition, conditioned on any of the irreducible components of the state space, with arbitrary site-dependent state spaces and, most importantly, arbitrary inhomogeneous rules.
description: 9 pages, additional details, improved presentation, extended section 2
The contingency perspective : MNC-personal rule relationships in sub-Saharan Africa : the case of Lonrho
Creators: name: Thachuk, Kimberley Lynn
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis attempts to reveal the relationship between multinational corporations and the personally ruled states of sub-Saharan Africa. African politics are based on private power where individual loyalties and fear compliment a system of material incentives in replacing institutions of effective government. Because individuals in a position of power rather than being guided by rules of office are motivated by expediency and the pursuit of personal and factional aggrandizement, they must often be courted, cajoled, convinced, and even bribed to agree to circumstances or procedures that are generally institutionalized processes in many industrialized states. Where effective rules for political behavior are lacking, it is difficult to predict with any accuracy in what circumstances and by what standards of conduct individuals will be governed. Thus, the most successful MNCs to operate in black Africa are generally those which are able to adapt their investment strategies readily and quickly to meet these probabilistic and changeable conditions. The hypothesis of this thesis is that rather than being deterministic relationships as dependency theory suggests, MNC-Personal rule relations are non-zero-sum, apt to alter, and therefore, based on contingency. This thesis takes one step beyond dependency theory by revealing the factors of the MNC-personal rule relationship that make it unpredictable and contingent on the vissitudes of individual human interaction. Contingency theory seeks to account for these factors by describing such relationships as a "Tango" in which parties associate with one another, in order to advance their respective interests. This thesis presents the case of Lonrho corporation, and its President, Tiny Rowland thereby revealing contingency theory to be a plausible explanation for the nature of the MNC-personal rule relationship. It is almost impossible to do business in black Africa without being attuned to politics; for in these states, politics is business. By having an uncanny ability to change strategies quickly, Rowland has demonstrated a keen perception of the nature of personal rule. Toward that end, he has expended great effort in cultivating private links and friendships with heads of state. The case of Lonrho illustrates that the inevitability of politics is the single most salient feature of commercial life in sub-Saharan Africa, and excellence at maintaining political contacts, the most important skill of successful companies. This thesis is thus an alternate way of approaching a problem that has been dealt with by other more recognized theories. And while the evidence presented is not conclusive, it does provide a useful starting point for a better understanding of how such relationships function and in what circumstances they flourish or fail.
Ferroelectricity driven by the non-centrosymmetric magnetic ordering in multiferroic TbMn_2O_5: a first-principles study
Creators: name: Wang, Chenjie
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: He, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state structural, electronic and magnetic properties of multiferroic TbMn$_2$O$_5$ are investigated via first-principles calculations. We show that the ferroelectricity in TbMn$_2$O$_5$ is driven by the non-centrosymmetric magnetic ordering, without invoking the spin-orbit coupling and non-collinear spins. The {\it intrinsic} electric polarization in this compound is calculated to be 1187 $nC\cdot$ cm$^{-2}$, an order of magnitude larger than previously thought.
Observing crossover between quantum speed limits
Creators: name: Ness, Gal
name: Lam, Manolo R.
name: Alt, Wolfgang
name: Meschede, Dieter
name: Sagi, Yoav
name: Alberti, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics sets fundamental limits on how fast quantum states can be transformed in time. Two well-known quantum speed limits are the Mandelstam-Tamm and the Margolus-Levitin bounds, which relate the maximum speed of evolution to the system's energy uncertainty and mean energy, respectively. Here, we test concurrently both limits in a multi-level system by following the motion of a single atom in an optical trap using fast matter wave interferometry. Our data reveal two different regimes: one where the Mandelstam-Tamm limit constrains the evolution at all times, and a second where a crossover to the Margolus-Levitin limit is manifested at longer times. We take a geometric approach to quantify the deviation from the speed limit, measuring how much the matter wave's quantum evolution deviates from the geodesic path in the Hilbert space of the multi-level system. Our results, establishing quantum speed limits beyond the simple two-level system, are important to understand the ultimate performance of quantum computing devices and related advanced quantum technologies.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Acausality in Superfluid Dark Matter and MOND-like Theories
Creators: name: Hertzberg, Mark P.
name: Litterer, Jacob A.
name: Shah, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been much interest in novel models of dark matter that exhibit interesting behavior on galactic scales. A primary motivation is the observed Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation in which the mass of galaxies increases as the quartic power of rotation speed. This scaling is not obviously accounted for by standard cold dark matter. This has prompted the development of dark matter models that exhibit some form of so-called MONDian phenomenology to account for this galactic scaling, while also recovering the success of cold dark matter on large scales. A beautiful example of this are the so-called superfluid dark matter models, in which a complex bosonic field undergoes spontaneous symmetry breaking on galactic scales, entering a superfluid phase with a 3/2 kinetic scaling in the low energy effective theory, that mediates a long-ranged MONDian force. In this work we examine the causality and locality properties of these and other related models. We show that the Lorentz invariant completions of the superfluid models exhibit high energy perturbations that violate global hyperbolicity of the equations of motion in the MOND regime and can be superluminal in other parts of phase space. We also examine a range of alternate models, finding that they also exhibit forms of non-locality.
description: 17 pages in double column format, 1 figure. V2: Further clarifications. Updated towards version accepted for publication in JCAP
Inflationary physics and transplanckian conjecture in the Stringy Running-Vacuum-Model: from the phantom vacuum to the true vacuum
Creators: name: Mavromatos, Nick E.
name: Sola, Joan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous works we have embedded the Running Vacuum Model (RVM) of Cosmology in the framework of string theory. Specifically, we considered a string-inspired Cosmology with primordial gravitational waves (GW) and gravitational anomalies, which were argued to lead, via appropriate condensation during the very-early-universe era, to dynamical inflation, of RVM type, without the need for extra inflaton fields. A crucial role for the associated slow-roll nature of the inflationary era was played by the fundamental axion field that exists in the gravitational multiplet of strings, viz. the Kalb-Ramond (KR) axion. In this paper, we study further this model and demonstrate several novel facts, completing our previous studies. We clarify the different roles played by the background KR axions, which constitute a form of stiff matter that dominates a pre-RVM-inflationary epoch of the Universe. We show that the KR axion when combined with the gravitational Chern-Simons contribution obey together a peculiar equation of state $p=-ρ$, with negative energy density $ρ< 0$, which we call `phantom vacuum'. Eventually, this state transmutes into the standard vacuum state thanks to the contribution from the gravitational Chern-Simons condensate, which makes the total $ρ_{\rm total} =-p_{\rm total} >0$. At this point the RVM vacuum picture emerges naturally, with an overall equation of state of true vacuum type. We find that our scenario is consistent with the trans-Planckian censorship hypothesis, given that the rate of change of the KR axion takes only sub-Planckian values. We also discuss some explicit scenarios on the creation of GWs within the context of supergravity models that could be embedded in our string theory framework. {Finally, we argue how the RVM in our context can help to alleviate the current tensions of the $Λ$CDM.}
description: 57 pages revtex, three pdf figures incorporated. Discussion on the self consistency of the constant dilaton solution is added for completeness. No effects on conclusions. Version to appear in EPJPlus
Feminism and the feminine in Yolande Villemaire's La vie en prose
Creators: name: Tilley, Jane Lucinda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Exposing the fallacies of the existing ideological system founded upon a linguistic system of signifieds, recent women's writing has aimed to deconstruct the numerous hierarchies and stereotypes used against women, thus clearing a space for the hitherto repressed feminine and the marginal. The inclusion of a vast range of intertextual borrowing in La Vie en prose, by Yolande Villemaire, challenges the elitist boundaries erected by the closed academic literary world, incorporating elements from all genres and levels. Thanks to the diversity and number of these borrowings. La Vie en prose refuses the setting up of any new hierarchy, constantly questioning any classification to the extent that the whole concept of valorisation becomes ridiculous and irrelevant. This variety is imitated on an "intratextual" level as the text appears to be made up of a number of diverse texts produced by a dozen or so women writer-narrators. Again, the process of classification is thwarted as the idea is shown to be not only patriarchal, but also a result of a fundamental need or insecurity which apparently motivates the patriarchal obsession with nominisation and labelling. Similarly, the deceptive nature of the discourse which expresses this ideology, traditionally seen as concrete and infallible, is exposed and deconstructed. The "one word for one meaning" doctrine is replaced by a myriad possibilities of signification and language, as the text plays with the power of association which constitutes the text's digressive quality, exploiting both the phonetic and the graphic. This treatment of language represents an attempt to destroy the phallocracy through a dismantling of its discourse, seen as a powerful political and repressive tool. The "feminine", traditionally seen as the antithesis is reinscribed in a fluid and infinite discourse which patterns the rhythms and indeterminacy of women's jouissance. This is reiterated in a focus given to women's sexuality and to a fragmented feminine subject, considering the question of "nature versus nurture", the "maternal instinct", women’s sexual pleasure and their relationships with men. The text refuses all possibilities of hierarchisation on the literary, sexual and any other level, while the "laugh of the Medusa" echoes throughout.
Diamagnetism of doped two-leg ladders and probing the nature of their commensurate phases
Creators: name: Roux, G.
name: Orignac, E.
name: White, S. R.
name: Poilblanc, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the magnetic orbital effect of a doped two-leg ladder in the presence of a magnetic field component perpendicular to the ladder plane. Combining both low-energy approach (bosonization) and numerical simulations (density-matrix renormalization group) on the strong coupling limit (t-J model), a rich phase diagram is established as a function of hole doping and magnetic flux. Above a critical flux, the spin gap is destroyed and a Luttinger liquid phase is stabilized. Above a second critical flux, a reentrance of the spin gap at high magnetic flux is found. Interestingly, the phase transitions are associated with a change of sign of the orbital susceptibility. Focusing on the small magnetic field regime, the spin-gapped superconducting phase is robust but immediately acquires algebraic transverse (i.e. along rungs) current correlations which are commensurate with the 4k_F density correlations. In addition, we have computed the zero-field orbital susceptibility for a large range of doping and interactions ratio J/t : we found strong anomalies at low J/t only in the vicinity of the commensurate fillings corresponding to delta = 1/4 and 1/2. Furthermore, the behavior of the orbital susceptibility reveals that the nature of these insulating phases is different: while for delta = 1/4 a 4k_F charge density wave is confirmed, the delta = 1/2 phase is shown to be a bond order wave.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Scanning-probe spectroscopy of semiconductor donor molecules
Creators: name: Kuljanishvili, I.
name: Kayis, C.
name: Harrison, J. F.
name: Piermarocchi, C.
name: Kaplan, T. A.
name: Tessmer, S. H.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiconductor devices continue to press into the nanoscale regime, and new applications have emerged for which the quantum properties of dopant atoms act as the functional part of the device, underscoring the necessity to probe the quantum structure of small numbers of dopant atoms in semiconductors[1-3]. Although dopant properties are well-understood with respect to bulk semiconductors, new questions arise in nanosystems. For example, the quantum energy levels of dopants will be affected by the proximity of nanometer-scale electrodes. Moreover, because shallow donors and acceptors are analogous to hydrogen atoms, experiments on small numbers of dopants have the potential to be a testing ground for fundamental questions of atomic and molecular physics, such as the maximum negative ionization of a molecule with a given number of positive ions[4,5]. Electron tunneling spectroscopy through isolated dopants has been observed in transport studies[6,7]. In addition, Geim and coworkers identified resonances due to two closely spaced donors, effectively forming donor molecules[8]. Here we present capacitance spectroscopy measurements of silicon donors in a gallium-arsenide heterostructure using a scanning probe technique[9,10]. In contrast to the work of Geim et al., our data show discernible peaks attributed to successive electrons entering the molecules. Hence this work represents the first addition spectrum measurement of dopant molecules. More generally, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first example of single-electron capacitance spectroscopy performed directly with a scanning probe tip[9].
description: In press, Nature Physics. Original manuscript posted here; 16 pages, 3 figures, 5 supplementary figures
Exact summation of leading logs around $T\bar T$ deformation of $O(N+1)$-symmetric 2D QFTs
Creators: name: Linzen, Jonas
name: Polyakov, Maxim V.
name: Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Kirill M.
name: Sokolova, Nika S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a general (beyond $T\bar T$) deformation of the 2D $O(N+1)$ $σ$-model by the irrelevant dimension-four operators. The theory deformed in this most general way is not integrable, and the $S$-matrix loses its factorization properties. We perform the all-order summation of the leading infrared logs for the $2 \to 2$ scattering amplitude and provide the exact result for the $2 \to 2$ $S$-matrix in the leading logarithmic approximation. These results can provide us with new insights into the properties of the theories deformed by irrelevant operators more general than the $T\bar T$ deformation.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure; The erroneous expressions for the tree-level LL-coefficients were corrected
On the Real Analyticity of the Scattering Operator for the Hartree Equation
Creators: name: Miao, Changxing
name: Wu, Haigen
name: Zhang, Junyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35P25, 35Q55

description: In this paper, we study the real analyticity of the scattering operator for the Hartree equation $ i\partial_tu=-Δu+u(V*|u|^2)$. To this end, we exploit interior and exterior cut-off in time and space, and combining with the compactness argument to overcome difficulties which arise from absence of good properties for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, such as the finite speed of propagation and ideal time decay estimate. Additionally, the method in this paper allows us to simplify the proof of analyticity of the scattering operator for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with cubic nonlinearity in Kumlin.
description: 16pages
Topology of critical chiral phases: multiband insulators and superconductors
Creators: name: Balabanov, Oleksandr
name: Erkensten, Daniel
name: Johannesson, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent works have proved the existence of symmetry-protected edge states in certain one-dimensional topological band insulators and superconductors at the gap-closing points which define quantum phase transitions between two topologically nontrivial phases. We show how this picture generalizes to multiband critical models belonging to any of the chiral symmetry classes AIII, BDI, or CII of noninteracting fermions in one dimension.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures; typos corrected, added text and references
Ladder Sandpiles
Creators: name: Járai, Antal A.
name: Lyons, Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35; 82C22

description: We study Abelian sandpiles on graphs of the form $G \times I$, where $G$ is an arbitrary finite connected graph, and $I \subset \Z$ is a finite interval. We show that for any fixed $G$ with at least two vertices, the stationary measures $μ_I = μ_{G \times I}$ have two extremal weak limit points as $I \uparrow \Z$. The extremal limits are the only ergodic measures of maximum entropy on the set of infinite recurrent configurations. We show that under any of the limiting measures, one can add finitely many grains in such a way that almost surely all sites topple infinitely often. We also show that the extremal limiting measures admit a Markovian coding.
description: 30 pp; v2 has only minor changes
Black-Body Anomaly: Analysis of Temperature Offsets
Creators: name: Szopa, Michal
name: Hofmann, Ralf
name: Giacosa, Francesco
name: Schwarz, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the postulate that photon propagation is governed by a dynamically broken SU(2) gauge symmetry (scale $\sim 10^{-4} $eV) we make predictions for temperature offsets due to a low-temperature (a few times the present CMB temperature) spectral anomaly at low frequencies. Temperature offsets are extracted from least-square fits of the anomalous black-body spectra to their conventional counterparts. We discuss statistical errors, compare our results with those obtained from calibration data of the FIRAS instrument, and point out that our predicted offsets are screened by experimental errors given the frequency range used by FIRAS to perform their spectral fits. We also make contact with the WMAP observation by blueshifting their frequency bands. Although our results hint towards a strong dynamical component in the CMB dipole and an explanation of low-$l$ suppression it is important in view of its particle-physics implications that the above postulate be verified/falsified by an independent low-temperature black-body precision experiment.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Possible solution to the $^7$Li problem by the long lived stau
Creators: name: Jittoh, Toshifumi
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Koike, Masafumi
name: Sato, Joe
name: Shimomura, Takashi
name: Yamanaka, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modification of standard big-bang nucleosynthesis is considered in the minimal supersymmetric standard model to resolve the excessive theoretical prediction of the abundance of primordial lithium 7. We focus on the stau as a next-lightest superparticle, which is long lived due to its small mass difference with the lightest superparticle. It provides a number of additional decay processes of $\mathrm{^{7}Li}$ and $\mathrm{^{7}Be}$. A particularly important process is the internal conversion in the stau-nucleus bound state, which destroys the $\mathrm{^{7}Li}$ and $\mathrm{^{7}Be}$ effectively. We show that the modification can lead to a prediction consistent with the observed abundance of $\mathrm{^{7}Li}$.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Application of Two Advanced Vision Methods Based on Structural and Surface Analyses to Detect Defects in the Erichsen Cupping Test
Creators: name: Jasiński, C.
name: Świłło, S.
name: Kocańda, A.
Publisher: name: Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: laser speckle
defect detection
Erichsen cupping test
vision system

description: Due to the wide range of various sheet metal grades and the need to verify the material properties, there are numerous methods to determine the material formability. One of them, that allows quick determination of sheet metal formability, is the Erichsen cupping test described in the ISO 20482: 2003 standard. In the presented work, the results of formability assessment for DC04 deep drawing sheet metal were obtained by means of the traditionally carried out Erichsen cupping test and compared with the results obtained by using two advanced methods based on vision analysis. Application of these methods allows extending the traditional scope of analysis during Erichsen cupping test by determination of the necking and strain localization before fracture. The proposed methods were compared in order to dedicate appropriate solution for the industrial application and laboratory tests respectively, where the simplicity and reliability are the mean aspects need to be considered when applied to the Erichsen cupping test.
Mixing in massive stellar mergers
Creators: name: Gaburov, E.
name: Lombardi, J. C.
name: Zwart, S. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early evolution of dense star clusters is possibly dominated by close interactions between stars, and physical collisions between stars may occur quite frequently. Simulating a stellar collision event can be an intensive numerical task, as detailed calculations of this process require hydrodynamic simulations in three dimensions. We present a computationally inexpensive method in which we approximate the merger process, including shock heating, hydrodynamic mixing and mass loss, with a simple algorithm based on conservation laws and a basic qualitative understanding of the hydrodynamics of stellar mergers. The algorithm relies on Archimedes' principle to dictate the distribution of the fluid in the stable equilibrium situation. We calibrate and apply the method to mergers of massive stars, as these are expected to occur in young and dense star clusters. We find that without the effects of microscopic mixing, the temperature and chemical composition profiles in a collision product can become double-valued functions of enclosed mass. Such an unphysical situation is mended by simulating microscopic mixing as a post-collision effect. In this way we find that head-on collisions between stars of the same spectral type result in substantial mixing, while mergers between stars of different spectral type, such as type B and O stars ($\sim$10 and $\sim$40\msun respectively), are subject to relatively little hydrodynamic mixing.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Improving the scalability and applicability of Elmer finite element software for industrial problems
Creators: name: Raback, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: industrial problems, rotational boundary conditions

description: Recent developments of Elmer nite element solver are presented. The applicability of the code to industrial problems
 has been improved by introducing features for handling rotational boundary conditions with mortar nite elements. The
 scalability of the code has been improved by making the code thread-safe and by multithreading some critical sections
 of the code. The developments are described and some scalability results are presented.