cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Research on the Policy Orientation of Government in Agricultural Industrialization Development
Creators: name: Hang, Hong-Qiu
name: Hang, Hong-Qiu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Government
subject: agricultural industrialization
subject: Policy orientation
subject: China

description: Governmental functions in agricultural industrialization management are analyzed, mainly including supplying public products, providing property right security, managing and protecting resources and environment as well as stabilizing the agro-product market. The policy orientation promoted by the government in agricultural industrialization management is pointed out: formulating a series of macro-management planning to guide and regulate agricultural industrialization operation; fully playing the comprehensive coordinating role of “economic manager”; making and carrying out relevant laws and regulations to normalize the implementation of agricultural industrialization management. To implement the industrial management of agriculture and promote the construction of new countryside, governments at all levels should eliminate the institutional barriers, transform governmental functions gradually and prioritize planning, regulation, service and supervision, changing from merely management to playing the role of market mechanism. Meanwhile, economic, legal and administrative means should be properly adopted to advance the industrial management and the healthy improvement of modern agriculture.
Comparison of the Three Cooperative Types of Agricultural Technology Popularization Based on the Industrialization of Tomato Industry in Xinjiang Autonomous Region
Creators: name: He, Zhen
name: He, Zhen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrialization
subject: Agricultural technology
subject: Promotion
subject: Cooperative model
subject: China

description: In the process of industrialization of tomato industry in Xinjiang, the cooperative models of rural households and tomato processing enterprises are order type, mediated type and workshop type. The contents, closeness degree and stability of cooperation of them are different. Under different cooperation models, the closeness degree of pillar industry and rural households differs, as well as the speed and effect of the technology promotion. By comparing the situation of technology promotion under the three cooperative models, the results can be obtained. The workshop type can reduce the risks of adopting new technologies of farmers greatly; strengthen the internal motivation of farmers to adopt new technology, so it can attract more farmers. Therefore, the workshop type represents the developmental direction of industrialization of tomato industry in Xinjiang to a certain extent.
AYNI GLOBALLASHUV DAVRIDA HISSIYOT VA EMOTSIYANING PSIXOLOGIK AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Bozorova, Ro'zigul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqolada insonlarning hissiyot va emotsiya tushunchalari keng talqin etiladi. Hissiyot va emotsiya tushunchalari bir- biridan nimasi bilan farq qilishi hamda ayni globallashuv davrida ularning ahamiyati qay darajada ekanligi ham e’tirof etiladi.
Perfect Spin Fluid with Intrinsic Color Charge
Creators: name: Babourova, O. V.
name: Vshivtsev, A. S.
name: Myasnikov, V. P.
name: Frolov, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variational theory of a perfect spin fluid with intrinsic non-Abelian color charge is constructed with allowance for spin-polarization chromomagnetic effects in Riemann-Cartan space with curvature and torsion. The spacelike nature of the spin is taken into account explicitly in this theory by including the Frenkel condition in the Lagrangian. The equations of motion, the laws that govern the evolutions of the spin and color-charge tensors, and the expression for the energy-momentum tensor for the fluid in question are obtained. In the limiting case, the theory goes over to the well-known theory of Weyssenhoff-Raabe perfect spin fluid.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Research on the Forecast of Grain Production in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015
Creators: name: Men, Ke-Pei
name: Zhao, Kai
name: Men, Ke-Pei
name: Zhao, Kai
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Henan Province
subject: Grain production
subject: Grey model of LNDC
subject: Forecast
subject: China

description: According to the latest amended agricultural economic statistical data from 1996 to 2009 in Henan Statistical Yearbook-2010，by selecting and establishing the optimized grey model of logarithmic new developed coefficient, we conduct the empirical analysis and forecast research on the grain output and the relevant main economic indices in Henan Province from 2010 to 2015. The results show that the grain output of Henan Province in 2010 will reach 54.8969 million tons, and it will break through 60 million tons at 60.17 million tons in 2015. In years ahead, the grain output of Henan Province will develops to a new stage steadily, which guarantees the national grain supply and socio-economic sustainable development forcibly.
Comprehensive Evaluation on Agricultural Structure and Correlation of Agricultural Internal Structure— A Case of Yimeng Mountainous Area
Creators: name: Wu, Zhe
name: Xu, Jian-Jian
name: Wu, Zhe
name: Xu, Jian-Jian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Yimeng Mountain area
subject: Agricultural structure
subject: Comprehensive appraisal method
subject: Correlation
subject: China

description: According to the relevant data from Chinese Statistical Yearbook, the overall agricultural structure and the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountain area are analyzed. The status quo of the agricultural and the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountain area are analyzed through the method of comprehensive appraisal of the improved factors. The safety coefficient of the comprehensive appraisal is from 2.626 696 to 4.987 546，which is exclude in the safety extent, so it needs adjusting. At the same time, the internal relations of the internal structure of agriculture in Yimeng Mountain area are studied by using the relativity analysis. The overall agricultural structure of Yimeng Mountain area is in negative correlation to planting structure and forestry structure, and in positive correlation to livestock breeding industry; the plating structure is in negative correlation to livestock breeding structure and in positive correlation to forestry structure and the forestry structure is in negative correlation to livestock breeding structure.
Environmental Economics and Uncertainty: Review and a Machine Learning Outlook
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruda
name: Wingo, Patrick
name: Duran, Rodrigo
name: Rose, Kelly
name: Bauer, Jennifer
name: Ghanem, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 58J65, 62H05

description: Economic assessment in environmental science concerns the measurement or valuation of environmental impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Integrated assessment modeling is a unifying framework of environmental economics, which attempts to combine key elements of physical, ecological, and socioeconomic systems. Uncertainty characterization in integrated assessment varies by component models: uncertainties associated with mechanistic physical models are often assessed with an ensemble of simulations or Monte Carlo sampling, while uncertainties associated with impact models are evaluated by conjecture or econometric analysis. Manifold sampling is a machine learning technique that constructs a joint probability model of all relevant variables which may be concentrated on a low-dimensional geometric structure. Compared with traditional density estimation methods, manifold sampling is more efficient especially when the data is generated by a few latent variables. The manifold-constrained joint probability model helps answer policy-making questions from prediction, to response, and prevention. Manifold sampling is applied to assess risk of offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Oxford University Press
Using N2O to detect if a tipping point has been crossed in tropical soils after droughts
Creators: name: Kilian Salas, Simone
name: Díaz García, Elisa
name: Andrino, Alberto
name: Meurer, Katharina H.E.
name: Boy, Diana
name: Horn, Marcus A.
name: Boy, Jens
name: Jungkunst, Hermann
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: [no abstract]
One dimensional M5-brane intersections
Creators: name: Fayyazuddin, Ansar
name: Husain, Tasneem Zehra
name: Jatkar, Dileep P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one dimensional intersections of M5 branes with M5 and M2 branes. On the worldvolume of the M5-brane, such an intersection appears as a string soliton. We study this worldvolume theory in two different regimes: 1) Where the worldvolume theory is formulated in flat space and 2) where the worldvolume theory is studied in the supergravity background produced by a stack of M5 (or M2) branes. In both cases, we study the corresponding string solitons, and find the most general BPS configuration consistent with the fraction of supersymmetries preserved. We argue that M5 and M2 brane intersections leave different imprints on the worldvolume theory of the intersecting probe brane, although geometrically they appear to be similar.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX, references added
Ensemble-filtered vortex modeling of strongly disturbed aerodynamic flows
Creators: name: Provost, Mathieu Le
name: Eldredge, Jeff D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The task of dynamic flow estimation is to construct an approximation of an evolving flow---and particularly, its response to disturbances---using measurements from available sensors. Building from previous work by Darakananda et al.~(Phys Rev Fluids 2018), we further develop an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) framework for aerodynamic flows based on an ensemble of randomly-perturbed inviscid vortex models of flow about an infinitely-thin plate. In the forecast step, vortex elements in each ensemble member are advected by the flow and new elements are released from each edge of the plate; the elements are aggregated to maintain an efficient representation. The vortex elements and leading edge constraint are corrected in the analysis step by assimilating the surface pressure differences across the plate measured from the truth system. We show that the overall framework can be physically interpreted as a series of adjustments to the position and shape of an elliptical region of uncertainty associated with each vortex element. In this work, we compare the previously-used stochastic EnKF with the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF), which uses a deterministic analysis step. We examine the response of the flat plate at $20^\circ$ in two perturbed flows, with truth data obtained from high-fidelity simulation at Reynolds number 500. In the first case, we apply a sequence of large-amplitude pulses near the leading edge of the plate to mimic flow actuation. In the second, we place the plate in a vortex street wake behind a cylinder. In both cases, we show that the vortex-based framework accurately estimates the pressure distribution and normal force, with no {\em a priori} knowledge of the perturbations. We show that the ETKF is consistently more robust than the stochastic EnKF. Finally, we examine the mapping from measurements to state update in the analysis step through SVD of the Kalman gain.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures
Differentiation of the Rural Households Based on the Perspective of Agricultural Industrialization Behavior - A Case Study of 102 Households in Yanling County, Henan Province, China
Creators: name: Dong, Guan-Peng
name: Guo, Teng-Yun
name: Teng, Fei
name: Dong, Guan-Peng
name: Guo, Teng-Yun
name: Teng, Fei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Differentiation of rural households
subject: Agricultural industrialization
subject: Flower industry
subject: Yanling County

description: Based on the analysis of fieldwork data collected by us from 102 households in the villages of Yaojia, Jizhuang and Wuzi, we analyze the phenomenon of differentiation behaviors of households who own different kinds of resources under the background of agricultural industrialization. The focus of this paper is to probe into characteristics of the physical contact space, information contract space between different rural households such as farmers, brokers and entrepreneurs. Then, we focus on the driving forces behind the household differentiation process. Several conclusions can be drawn from this analysis. Firstly, the geographical domain increases as the households evolutes from farmers to entrepreneurs, and the farmers’ physical contract space is larger than the information contract space while that of brokers and entrepreneurs equals. Secondly, there is a certain pattern existing in the evolution: based on the self-techniques, farmers evolutes to flower workers, and to brokers when the capital, social network and self-ability is sufficient. As a result of appropriate policy, opportunity of building business and the risk appetite characteristics, entrepreneurs may differentiate from the brokers.
Studying Ransomware Attacks Using Web Search Logs
Creators: name: Bansal, Chetan
name: Deligiannis, Pantazis
name: Maddila, Chandra
name: Rao, Nikitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cyber attacks are increasingly becoming prevalent and causing significant damage to individuals, businesses and even countries. In particular, ransomware attacks have grown significantly over the last decade. We do the first study on mining insights about ransomware attacks by analyzing query logs from Bing web search engine. We first extract ransomware related queries and then build a machine learning model to identify queries where users are seeking support for ransomware attacks. We show that user search behavior and characteristics are correlated with ransomware attacks. We also analyse trends in the temporal and geographical space and validate our findings against publicly available information. Lastly, we do a case study on 'Nemty', a popular ransomware, to show that it is possible to derive accurate insights about cyber attacks by query log analysis.
description: To appear in the proceedings of SIGIR 2020
Grey Prediction Analysis on Forestry Industrial Structure of China
Creators: name: Weng, Gui-Tao
name: Hu, Sheng
name: Wen, Ya-Li
name: Weng, Gui-Tao
name: Hu, Sheng
name: Wen, Ya-Li
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Forestry industrial structure
subject: Grey correlation
subject: Grey prediction
subject: GM(1，1) model
subject: China

description: The grey relevance analysis is applied to study the 1996-2009 output value structure of china forestry system. Based on GM(1,1) model, information model is established to predict the forestry industrial structure of China in the next 10 years. Result shows that grey correlations between the three forestry industries and the forestry output value are 0.849 1, 0.731 1 and 0.821 3, respectively, with its order being secondary industry＜tertiary industry＜primary industry. Prediction result shows that forestry industry of China is in the middle stage of industrialization; and both secondary and tertiary industries will develop rapidly and become the leading industries.
Quantization of Deep Neural Networks for Accumulator-constrained Processors
Creators: name: de Bruin, Barry
name: Zivkovic, Zoran
name: Corporaal, Henk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We introduce an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) quantization methodology for platforms without wide accumulation registers. This enables fixed-point model deployment on embedded compute platforms that are not specifically designed for large kernel computations (i.e. accumulator-constrained processors). We formulate the quantization problem as a function of accumulator size, and aim to maximize the model accuracy by maximizing bit width of input data and weights. To reduce the number of configurations to consider, only solutions that fully utilize the available accumulator bits are being tested. We demonstrate that 16-bit accumulators are able to obtain a classification accuracy within 1\% of the floating-point baselines on the CIFAR-10 and ILSVRC2012 image classification benchmarks. Additionally, a near-optimal $2\times$ speedup is obtained on an ARM processor, by exploiting 16-bit accumulators for image classification on the All-CNN-C and AlexNet networks.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
Impacts of Dramatic Increase in Corn Based Ethanol Production on Grain Production and Marketing Patterns in South Dakota
Creators: name: Qasmi, Bashir A.
name: Hamda, Yonas
name: Fausti, Scott W.
name: Qasmi, Bashir A.
name: Hamda, Yonas
name: Fausti, Scott W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: ethanol
subject: corn
subject: corn production
subject: marketing patterns
subject: corn based ethanol

description: Between 1995 and 2005, a drastic increase in ethanol production in the United States led to increased production of corn and substantially increased shares of corn destined for ethanol plants. The objectives of this paper are to investigate/identify: 1) the changes in the volume of grain handled by the elevators in South Dakota, 2) the changes in the destinations and the type of buyers for South Dakota grains, 3) the impacts of the ethanol plants on corn and other grain handled by the elevators which are located close to ethanol plants. The results presented in this paper are mostly from a survey of grain elevators in South Dakota, completed in early 2008. The results from the survey are also compared to the results from a similar survey completed in 1996.
Additional file 7 of Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust
Creators: name: L. Cabre
name: S. Peyrard
name: C. Sirven
name: L. Gilles
name: B. Pelissier
name: Ducerf, S.
name: N. Poussereau
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S6. Detection of GFP fluorescence in stable transgenic soybeans. Leaves of two T1 lines (129 and 133) transformed with the pGmCHIT1:GFP construction were observed using a dissection scope (Leica Z16 APO) under GFP filter and bright light at 24 and 72 hours after. P. pachyrhizi inoculation (+) or mock treatment (-). Arrows indicate the inoculation spots. Bar-scales represent 200 μm.
Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture: lessons from the Asian experience
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Poverty
subject: Women
subject: Water rights
subject: Water allocation
subject: User charges

description: Irrigated agriculture has contributed greatly to food security in Asia - and irrigation projects present new opportunities for reducing poverty. This requires that projects deliberately tilt towards the poor. Moreover, policymakers, implementers and managers need to adopt an integrated approach when using irrigation as a pro-poor intervention strategy. With the right institutional and technical conditions, an effective incentives structure and proper implementation and management practices, pro-poor irrigation projects can make a significant difference to poverty in the region.
Probing the excitation spectrum of a Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover regime
Creators: name: Greiner, Markus
name: Regal, Cindy A.
name: Jin, Deborah S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure excitation spectra of an ultracold gas of fermionic $^{40}$K atoms in the BCS-BEC crossover regime. The measurements are performed with a novel spectroscopy that employs a small modulation of the B-field close to a Feshbach resonance to give rise to a modulation of the interaction strength. With this method we observe both a collective excitation as well as the dissociation of fermionic atom pairs in the strongly interacting regime. The excitation spectra reveal the binding energy / excitation gap for pairs in the crossover region.
Effect of phonons on the electron spin resonance absorption spectrum
Creators: name: Norambuena, Ariel
name: Jimenez, Alejandro
name: Becher, Christoph
name: Maze, Jerónimo R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unavoidable presence of vibrations in solid-state devices can drastically modify the expected electron spin resonance (ESR) absorption spectrum in magnetically active systems. In this work, we model the effect of phonons and temperature on the ESR signal in molecular systems with strong $E \otimes e$ Jahn-Teller (JT) effect and an electronic spin-$1/2$. Our microscopic model considers the linear JT interaction with a continuum of phonon modes, the spin-orbit coupling, the Zeeman effect, and the response of the system under a weak oscillating magnetic field. We derive a Lindblad master equation for the orbital and spin degrees of freedom, where one- and two-phonon processes are considered for the phonon-induced relaxation, and the thermal dependence of Ham reduction factors is calculated. We find that the suppression of ESR signals is due to phonon broadening but not based on the common assumption of orbital quenching. Our results can be applied to explain the experimentally observed absence of the ESR signal in color centers in diamond, such as the neutral nitrogen-vacancy and negatively charged silicon-vacancy color centers in diamond.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Exploring contradictions: The role of the planner after a limit to growth has been reached
Creators: name: Fish, Alaric K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Few examples in a North American context exist where a limit to commercial growth have been established. The Town of Banff, within Canada's oldest national park, is a municipality that had a limit established in 1998, and is now approaching build out. In reaching the limit there is uncertainty as the community and municipality begin to plan for a post build out environment. To investigate views about the growth cap and perceived social and economic impacts, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Banff residents, business owners, and NGO representatives. Although most respondents accept the cap as necessary to sustain what is special about Banff, many expressed frustration over the process by which the cap was established. Four key themes emerged for planning in a post build-out scenario: 1) A clear vision for the objectives of the park and Town need to be agreed on and accepted. Without this, decision makers risk facing continued distrust from constituents and difficulty in implementing changes. 2) Numerous times interview respondents expressed somewhat contradictory views; thus indicating a need for planning processes that allow participants to explore their own values and encourage an openness to learning. 3) The management of Banff National Park needs to shift to a more participatory and transparent model. An advisory roundtable with representatives from Parks Canada and park stakeholders would serve to improve communication and learning, while encouraging more transparent decision-making. 4) Planners routinely interact with a diversity of public interests and are therefore well suited to undertake the tasks of community engagement, consultation and facilitation that are required to create new opportunities for dialogue and learning. Making a transition to sustainability is an ambitious undertaking, but a change that planners are well suited to lead.
Overture for Six Drummers
Creators: name: Lien, Ya-Wen
Publisher: name: [place of publication unknown] : [publisher not identified]
Year: 2024

description: "Overture for Six Drummers" is a music composition for six percussionists written and published by the composer Ya-Wen Lien. It is offered in full score and parts: Snare drums; Bongos, Congas; Tom-toms; Timpani; Wood drums; Bass drum. When printed from the electronic score, the work is nine pages in length.
title: Causal models and algorithmic fairness
Creators: name: Beigang, Fabian
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2023

description: This thesis aims to clarify a number of conceptual aspects of the debate surrounding algorithmic fairness. The particular focus here is the role of causal modeling in defining criteria of algorithmic fairness. In Chapter 1, I argue that in the discussion of algorithmic fairness, two fundamentally distinct notions of fairness have been conflated. Subsequently, I propose that what is usually taken to be the problem of algorithmic fairness should be divided into two subproblems, the problem of predictive fairness, and the problem of allocative fairness. At the core of Chapter 2 is the proof of a theorem that establishes that three of the most popular (predictive) fairness criteria are pairwise incompatible. In particular, I show that under certain conditions, a predictive algorithm that satisfies a criterion called counterfactual fairness will with logical necessity violate two other popular predictive fairness criteria called equalized odds and predictive parity. In Chapter 3, a new predictive fairness criterion is developed using a mathematical framework for causal modeling. This fairness criterion, which I call causal relevance fairness, is a relaxation of another popular fairness criterion, counterfactual fairness, but turns out to be more closely in line with philosophical theories of discrimination. In Chapter 4, another infamous impossibility result in algorithmic fairness is analyzed through the lens of causality. I argue that by using a causal inference method called matching, we can modify the two fairness criteria equalized odds and predictive parity in a way that resolves the impossibility. Lastly, Chapter 5 contains an empirical case study. In it, the fairness of a popular recidivism risk prediction tool is analyzed using the criteria of (predictive) fairness developed earlier.
Theoretical study of the $D^0 \to K^- π^+ η$ reaction
Creators: name: Toledo, Genaro
name: Ikeno, Natsumi
name: Oset, Eulogio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a model to study the $D^0 \to K^- π^+ η$ weak decay, starting with the color favored external emission and Cabibbo favored mode at the quark level. A less favored internal emission decay mode is also studied as a source of small corrections. Some pairs of quarks are allowed to hadronize producing two pseudoscalar mesons, which posteriorly are allowed to interact to finally provide the $K^- π^+ η$ state. The chiral unitary approach is used to take into account the final state interaction of pairs of mesons, which has as a consequence the production of the $κ$ ($K^*_0(700)$) and the $a_0(980)$ resonances, very well visible in the invariant mass distributions. We also introduce the $\bar{K}^{*0} η$ production in a phenomenological way and show that the $s$-wave pseudoscalar interaction together with this vector excitation mode are sufficient to provide a fair reproduction of the experimental data. The agreement with the data, in particular the relative weight of the $a_0(980)$ to the $κ$ excitation, provides extra support to the picture used, in which these two resonances are a consequence of the interaction of pseudoscalar mesons and not ordinary $q \bar{q}$ mesons.
description: 13 pages, 13 Figures
Promoting micro-irrigation technologies that reduce poverty
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Irrigated farming
subject: Technology
subject: Drip irrigation
subject: Rural women

description: According to research done by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), one-third of the world’s population will face absolute water scarcity by the year 2025. Among the worst hit will be regions in Asia, the Middle-East and Sub-Saharan Africa, home to some of the largest concentrations of rural poverty in the world. Policymakers, researchers, NGOs, and farmers are pursuing various technical, institutional and policy interventions to meet this challenge. Micro-irrigation technologies, commonly in use in water scarce areas of developed countries, constitute one such intervention with the ability to use water more efficiently in irrigated agriculture. These technologies can improve productivity; raise incomes through crop yields and outputs; and enhance food security of households. Numerous studies have established the gains from micro-irrigation adoption and several government and non-government organizations are engaged in actively promoting the technologies. In India, micro-irrigation technologies have been marketed for more than three decades. The main vehicle of government policies to promote micro-irrigation systems are product subsidies—in certain cases up to 90 percent. However, there has been a lukewarm response to such initiatives from farmers, especially smallholders. This can be attributed to several causes: lack of access to groundwater, lack of cash, crop specificity of the available micro-irrigation technologies, lack of know-how, poor product quality and absence of adequate credit facilities (Narayanamoorthy 1996). Studies show that despite active promotion, the appeal of these technologies has remained confined to “gentlemen farmers”—wealthier farmers who produce commercial crops (Shah and Keller 2002). Despite these constraints, in certain pockets of India, these technologies have become a popular choice among farmers. It is notable that, in some of these cases, the technologies have been adopted in the absence of government subsidies. However, IWMI’s work shows that in general special efforts are required to market cost appropriate technologies to the poor and smallholder farmers. Drip irrigation is often promoted for reasons that do not match with the farmers’ main concerns. While the government promotes drips as longterm investments for water saving and sustainable agriculture, the farmers look for more immediate and assured benefits, such as lower costs and increased incomes.
Reducing poverty through integrated management of groundwater and surface water
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: Global Water Partnership (GWP Advisory Center)
name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: Global Water Partnership (GWP Advisory Center)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Groundwater management
subject: Irrigation management
subject: Domestic water
subject: Poverty

description: The full poverty-fighting potential of existing irrigation schemes is not being realized—largely because of inequitable water distribution and unsustainable land and water management practices. An integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach reveals opportunities to reduce poverty and improve overall agricultural productivity and sustainability in these systems. Research in India and Pakistan has highlighted one such opportunity—integrated management of surface water and groundwater—that has great potential for water-short systems with variable groundwater resources. By considering groundwater availability and quality when allocating surface water, water managers could improve the situation of millions of poor farmers with inadequate access to both surface water and groundwater and overall productivity in irrigated systems. The prevailing fragmented approach—where groundwater and surface water are managed separately—has contributed to high vulnerability and low agricultural productivity for farmers in the tail ends of canals and to land salinization in areas with poor quality groundwater.
ЯРАШУВ ИНСТИТУТИНИНГ УМУМИЙ ТАВСИФИ ВА УНИНГ ҚЎЛЛАШДАГИ ЗАРУРАТ
Creators: name: Аблакулов, Уткир
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Мазкур мақолада ярашув институтининг умумий тавсифи ва унинг қўллашдаги зарурати билан боғлиқ масалалар таҳлил этилган.
Taking a multiple-use approach to meeting the water needs of poor communities brings multiple benefits
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: International Water And Sanitation Centre
name: Global Water Partnership (GWP)
name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: International Water And Sanitation Centre
name: Global Water Partnership (GWP)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Water use
subject: Domestic water
subject: Irrigation water
subject: Poverty
subject: Water supply
subject: Drinking water

description: This briefing was produced by International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, the Technical Committee of the Global Water Partnership (GWP) and the GWP Advisory Center at IWMI. It draws primarily on research from the Multiple Use Systems (MUS) project and the Productive Uses of Water Thematic Group (Prodwat) (see references for further reading). The brief complements Catalyzing Change, the GWP handbook for developing IWRM and water efficiency strategies and plans, and the associated policy and technical briefs. Single-use approaches to water development and management do not reflect the realities of poor people’s water use. People use domestic water supplies for activities such as irrigating backyard gardens, keeping livestock, fishing, processing crops and running small-scale enterprises. In areas without adequate domestic water supply, they use irrigation water to meet household needs, such as drinking and bathing, as well as to support a range of income-generating activities in addition to crop production. A more integrated, multiple-use approach can maximize the health benefits and productive potential of available water supplies–leading to increased incomes, improved health and reduced workloads for women and children. Systems that cater to multiple uses are also more likely to be sustainable, because users benefit more from them, have a greater stake in them, and are more willing and better able to pay for them. policy-makers, planners, and project designers need to enable and support a multiple-use approach by developing the necessary policies, capacities, and institutions. Incorporating provision for multiple uses into plans for meeting the Millennium Development Goals, Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, and IWRM and water efficiency plans and strategies is a start.
Water governance in the Mekong region: the need for more informed policy-making
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
name: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Water management
subject: River basins
subject: Governance
subject: Policy making
subject: Planning
subject: Water law

description: Recurring water crises, global water initiatives, and demands for water reforms by development banks, have all pushed water up the agenda of most Mekong-region countries. Many changes have already been made. Now decision makers need to know what has worked, what hasn’t, and why. To find out, IWMI has reviewed new water policies, plans and laws, and assessed participation, the new water ‘apex bodies’, and integrated water resources management (IWRM). The findings show that top-down state policies based on ‘blueprints’ are widely applied in a one-size-fits-all approach, without taking local realities into account. Water planning is still largely expert-driven, and focused on procedures and targets. There is little room for decision-making that is based on negotiations between users, line agencies, NGOs and politicians, for example. Although much mention is made of participation and IWRM, little is being done on the ground. To bridge these divides, better forms of governance are needed. And greater efforts need to be made to understand complex local situations—so that policymakers are better informed, and new policies are appropriate and workable. Key to this will be an understanding of what causes new policies to succeed or fail in different contexts.
Soft X-Ray Observations of Quiescent Solar Active Regions using Novel Dual-zone Aperture X-ray Solar Spectrometer (DAXSS)
Creators: name: Schwab, Bennet D.
name: Sewell, Robert H. A.
name: Woods, Thomas N.
name: Caspi, Amir
name: Mason, James Paul
name: Moore, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dual-zone Aperture X-ray Solar Spectrometer (DAXSS) was flown on 2018 June18 on the NASA 36.336 sounding rocket flight and obtained the highest resolution to date for solar soft X-ray (SXR) spectra over a broad energy range. This observation was during a time with quiescent (non-flaring) small active regions on the solar disk and when the 10.7 cm radio flux (F10.7) was 75 solar flux units (1 sfu = 10-22 W/m^2/Hz). The DAXSS instrument consists of a LASP-developed dual-zone aperture and a commercial X-ray spectrometer from Amptek that measures solar full-disk irradiance from 0.5-20 keV with a resolving power of 20 near 1 keV. This paper discusses the novel design of the spectrometer and the instrument characterization techniques. Additionally,the solar measurements obtained from the 2018 sounding rocket flight are analyzed using CHIANTI spectral models to fit the temperatures, emission measures, and relative elemental abundances of the solar corona plasma. The abundance of iron was found to be 35 percent higher than expected in the quiescent sun's corona suggesting either that our spectral models require additional sophistication or that the underlying atomic database may require updates. Future long-term systematic observations of this spectral range are needed. DAXSS will fly on the INSPIRESat-1 CubeSat in late-2020, and its SXR spectral data could provide further insight into the sources of coronal heating through modeling the changes of relative elemental abundances during developments of active regions and solar flaring events.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
Bringing pumps to people: giving the poor better access to groundwater irrigation: sustainable approaches and options for eastern India
Creators: name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
name: International Water Management Institute, IWMI-TATA Water Policy Program
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Groundwater irrigation
subject: Pumps
subject: Tube wells
subject: Energy
subject: Electricity supplies
subject: Poverty

description: The State government has a vital role to play in developing groundwater resources to help improve the lot of the poorest people in eastern India's rural communities. Many States have tried to achieve this over the past 50 years through centrally planned public tube-well programs. Recently published research says that most of these efforts have failed to bring irrigation or improved livelihoods to the poor. This research shows how policy makers can have a significant positive impact on poverty reduction by removing pump subsidies and opening pump markets to international competition. Subsidies and import restrictions have kept pump prices in India artificially inflated, by more than 35-45%, over those of neighbouring Pakistan and Bangladesh. If a 'shock therapy' approach of removing restrictions is too drastic or politically difficult, the next best option is to use market mechanisms to manage pump subsidy and loan programs for the poor. A good example of this approach is the jointly managed subsidy programs that have helped usher in eastern India's belated Green Revolution. Here local pump dealers are active participants in the management of pump subsidy programs, alongside government and nationalized banks. The examples of eastern Uttar Pradesh and north Bihar provide working models of such approaches.
title: Complete Metabolic Response to Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibition after Progression of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer on Pembrolizumab: A Case Report
Creators: name: Krekeler, Carolin
name: Wethmar, Klaus
name: Mikesch, Jan-Henrik
name: Kerkhoff, Andrea
name: Menck, Kerstin
name: Lenz, Georg
name: Schildhaus, Hans-Ulrich
name: Wessolly, Michael
name: Hoffmann, Matthias W.
name: Pascher, Andreas
name: Asmus, Inga
name: Wardelmann, Eva
name: Bleckmann, Annalen
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: DNA mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) and microsatellite instable (MSI) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) can be successfully treated with FDA- and EMA-approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) pembrolizumab and nivolumab (as single agents targeting the anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)) or combinations of a PD-1 inhibitor with ipilimumab, a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)-targeting antibody. The best treatment strategy beyond progression on single-agent ICI therapy remains unclear. Here, we present the case of a 63-year-old male with Lynch-syndrome-associated, microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) mCRC who achieved a rapid normalization of his tumor markers and a complete metabolic remission (CMR), currently lasting for ten months, on sequential ICI treatment with the combination of nivolumab and ipilimumab followed by nivolumab maintenance therapy after progression on single-agent anti-PD-1 ICI therapy. The therapy was well-tolerated, and no immune-related adverse events occurred. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a sustained metabolic complete remission in an MSI-H mCRC patient initially progressing on single-agent anti-PD-1 therapy. Thus, dMMR mCRC patients might benefit from sequential immune checkpoint regimens even with long-term responses. However, further sophistication of clinical algorithms for treatment beyond progression on single-agent ICI therapy in MSI-mCRC is urgently needed.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Münster.
Resilience among Canadian rural adolescents : findings from the national longitudinal survey of children and youth
Creators: name: Fraser, Patricia Ruth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using a resilience theoretical framework, this longitudinal study explored the moderating influence of early adolescent protective factors on risk for psychological health outcomes in middle adolescence (Masten, 2001). Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY) were analyzed via hierarchical regression to measure the interaction effects of community protective variables (important relationships with peers, teachers, and community leaders; school bonding; and extracurricular activities) on risk variables at age 10 to 11, for self-worth, and internalizing and externalizing problems, at age 14 to 15 (N= 940). School bonding influenced risk for internalizing and externalizing outcomes when all variables were entered into the equations. Gender main effects were found for self-worth and internalizing problems; however, gender did not interact with risk. These results attest to the important role of early adolescent school bonding in influencing risk among Canadian rural adolescents.
A Hybrid Approach Combining Control Theory and AI for Engineering Self-Adaptive Systems
Creators: name: Caldas, Ricardo Diniz
name: Rodrigues, Arthur
name: Gil, Eric Bernd
name: Rodrigues, Genaína Nunes
name: Vogel, Thomas
name: Pelliccione, Patrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Control theoretical techniques have been successfully adopted as methods for self-adaptive systems design to provide formal guarantees about the effectiveness and robustness of adaptation mechanisms. However, the computational effort to obtain guarantees poses severe constraints when it comes to dynamic adaptation. In order to solve these limitations, in this paper, we propose a hybrid approach combining software engineering, control theory, and AI to design for software self-adaptation. Our solution proposes a hierarchical and dynamic system manager with performance tuning. Due to the gap between high-level requirements specification and the internal knob behavior of the managed system, a hierarchically composed components architecture seek the separation of concerns towards a dynamic solution. Therefore, a two-layered adaptive manager was designed to satisfy the software requirements with parameters optimization through regression analysis and evolutionary meta-heuristic. The optimization relies on the collection and processing of performance, effectiveness, and robustness metrics w.r.t control theoretical metrics at the offline and online stages. We evaluate our work with a prototype of the Body Sensor Network (BSN) in the healthcare domain, which is largely used as a demonstrator by the community. The BSN was implemented under the Robot Operating System (ROS) architecture, and concerns about the system dependability are taken as adaptation goals. Our results reinforce the necessity of performing well on such a safety-critical domain and contribute with substantial evidence on how hybrid approaches that combine control and AI-based techniques for engineering self-adaptive systems can provide effective adaptation.