Desmodium affine Schltdl., Linnaea
Creators: name: Lima, Laura Cristina Pires
name: Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De
name: Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart De Azevedo
name: Lewis, Gwilym Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Desmodium
Desmodium affine

description: 2. Desmodium affine Schltdl., Linnaea 12: 312. 1838. Meibomia affinis (Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Lectotype (designated here):— MEXICO. Hacienda de La Laguna, August 1829, C.J.W. Schiede s.n. (HAL 51031!). Remaining syntype: Mexico. Prope Jalapam, August 1828, C.J.W. Schiede 212 (HAL 51030!). Fig. 4.   
 Desmodium albiflorum Salzm. ex Benth., Fl. Bras. 15(1): 99. 1859. Desmodium albiflorum Salzm. ex Benth. & Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjabenhavn 1853: 17. 1854, nom. nud. Meibomia albiflora (Salzm. ex Benth.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 197. 1891. Lectotype (designated by Schubert 1980):— BRAZIL. Bahia: P. Salzmann s.n. (lectotype K!, isolectotypes BR!, E!, FI-W048977!, G![4 sheets], LE!, M!, P![3 sheets]!, US!, W!). Remaining syntypes: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Órgãos, A.C. Vauthier 162 (P![2 sheets], G![2 sheets]); Goiás: Conceição, G. Gardner 3676 (K!); entre rio dos Índios e rio Buriti pequeno, J.B.E. Pohl s.n. [2426] (BR!, K!, W!); São Paulo: St. Hilaire s.n. (P!); Rio Grande do Sul: Arséne Isabelle s.n. (K!, G![2 sheets], P!).   
 Desmodium albiflorum f. grandifolia Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier, ser. 2, 4(9): 890. 1904. Lectotype (designated here):— PARAGUAY. Cordillera: in silva Valenzuela, February, E. Hassler 7085 (lectotype G!, isolectotype BM!). Remaining syntypes: Paraguay. Amambai: in silva Pacoba, Corrientes, Dec, E. Hassler 5832 (BM!, G![5 sheets], K!, P!, NY!, W!).   
Prostrate–ascendent or erect, branched subshrub, 20–80 cm tall, lacking stolons rooting at the nodes, without a xylopodium; stems virgate, slender, cylindrical, striate, glabrescent, sparsely or densely puberulous-uncinate or villose, not glaucous; internodes 1.5–7.1(– 9.5) cm long. Stipules 4–11 × 1.5–4 mm, ovate, not auriculate, semiamplexicaul, free from each other, apex acute, margin straight or ciliate, sparsely puberulous-uncinate or glabrescent, striate on the outer surface, veins conspicuous, persistent. Leaves trifoliolate; petiole 2.1–6.5 cm long, cylindrical, sulcate, sparsely puberulous-uncinate and villose or glabrescent; rachis 3–13 mm long; stipels 1.5–4 mm long, subulate, margin straight, puberulous-uncinate or glabrescent on the outer surface, persistent; leaflets discolorous, chartaceous, membranaceous or papyraceous, venation craspedodromous, primary and secondary veins prominent, tertiary veins flush with the abaxial surface, indumentum densely or sparsely puberulous or tomentose on the primary, secondary and tertiary veins on the abaxial surface, puberulous or tomentose on the adaxial surface, uncinate hairs on both surfaces, terminal leaflet (1.6 –)3.2–2.9 × (1.8 –) 2.4–4.8 cm, elliptic, rhombic, narrowly rhombic, or orbicular, base acute, oblique or obtuse, apex acute, obtuse or subacute, lateral leaflets (1.8 –)2.6–6.5 × (0.9 –) 1.7–3.8 cm, elliptic or the same shape as the terminal leaflet. Inflorescence a terminal or axillary pseudoraceme; the main axis longer than the adjacent leaves, 4–19 cm long, sparsely or densely puberulous-uncinate or uncinate, 2 flowers per node; primary bract 2–4 mm long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,  
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margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface, caducous, veins conspicuous on the outer surface; secondary bract 1–2 mm long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, margin ciliate, puberulous-uncinate on the outer surface, caducous, veins conspicuous on the outer surface; pedicel 5–17 mm long, sparsely villose or puberulousuncinate. Flowers 5–8 mm long; calyx bilabiate, tube campanulate, 1.5–1.8 mm long, puberulous-uncinate and hirsute on the outer surface; upper lip bifid, the 2 teeth joined for ca. ¾ of their length, acute, 0.2–1 mm long; lower lip trifid, lateral tooth triangular, 1.5–3 mm long, central tooth triangular, 1.5–3 mm long; corolla pinkish or white, standard 5–7.5 × 4–6 mm, obovate, apex obtuse or retuse, maculate at the base, claw 0.5–1.5 mm long; wing petals 5.5–8 × 1.5–2.2 mm, oblong, apex obtuse, without callosities, claw 0.8–1 mm long; keel petals 5–8 × 1.5–2 mm, oblong, apex obtuse or subacute, without callosities, claw 1–2 mm long; androecium diadelphous, 5–8 mm long, vexillary stamen free; ovary 3.5–4 mm long, puberulous, stipe ca. 0.2 mm long, glabrous. Loment 2.5–4.9 cm long, stipe 1–2 mm long, glabrous, isthmus marginal, upper suture straight; lower suture crenate; articles uniform 3–4, 5–8 × 3–4 mm, oblong, not tortuous, indehiscent, membranaceous, veins inconspicuous, densely puberulousuncinate. Seed 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2 mm, oblong, hilum subcentral.  
 Selected specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Ceará: Aratuba: sítio Brejo, 14 May 1980, fl., fr., P . Martins s.n. (HUEFS). Distrito Federal: Brasília: margem esquerda do rio Paranoá, mata após córrego Cachoeirinha, 18 January 1982, fl., fr., B. A. S . Pereira 172 (MG, SP). Goiás: Minaçu: 3 km do dique, 15 March 2001, fl., fr., G. P . Silva & J. B. Pereira 4880 (CEN). Maranhão: Loreto: 35 km Sde Loreto, próximo à sede da fazenda Morros, 14 February 1970, fl., G . Eiten & L. T. Eiten 10592 (SP, UB). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães: Mata em solo pedregoso, 21 April 2009, fr., L. C. P . Lima & N. Salzstein 626 (HUEFS). Mato Grosso do Sul: Aquidauana: fazenda Santa Cruz, 6 June 1994, fl., fr., G . Hatschbach et al. 60735 (PAMG). Minas Gerais: Itabira: Cachoeira do Bongue, ca. 13 km Norte de Nossa Senhora do Carmo, distrito de Itabira, 23 November 2008, fl., fr., L. C. P . Lima & M. P. Andrade 534 (HUEFS). Paraná: Guarapuava: Cantagalo, 15 April 1964, fl., G . Hatschbach 11190 (B). Rio de Janeiro: Itaipuaçu: Pico Alto Moirão, 14 April 1982, fl., fr., R. H. P . Andreata et al. 447 (RB). Rio Grande do Sul: Caçapava do Sul: Caminho para a Gruta do Segredo, 31 October 1961, fl., fr., G. F. J . Pabst & E. Pereira 6445 (B, PAMG, PEL); Itaara: Reserva do Ibicuí-Mirim, após o passo da Rede, 11 December 2008, fl., fr., L. C. P . Lima et al. 473 (HUEFS); Porto Alegre: Esteio para São Leopoldo, 29 January 1956, fl., B . Rambo s.n. (B, HBR, PACA 59203). Santa Catarina: Curitibanos: Ponte Alta do Sul, 2 January 1962, fl., fr., R . Reitz & R. M. Klein 11329 (FLOR). São Paulo: Apiaí: Estrada do Pinhalzinho, 11 km de Bom Sucesso de Itararé, 13 December 1997, fl., fr., F . Chung et al. 111 (ESA); Avaré: rodovia Avaré- São Manuel, 15 March 1967, fl., fr., J . Mattos & N. Mattos 14453 (HUEFS).   
 Distribution and Ecology:— Mexico, Central and South America, in South America the species has been cited for Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil (Chodat & Hassler 1904, Schubert 1980, Izaguirre & Beyhaut 1998, Vanni 2001, Aymard et al. 2007, Lima et al. 2010). It occurs in Brazil from north to south, along roadsides, in grassland, and also has been collected frequently in forest, although in open microhabitats such as clearings and along trails.   
 Conservation Assessment:— LC (Least Concern), not endangered (IUCN 2001).   
 Phenology:— flowering and fruiting throughout the year.   
 Etymology:— from the Latin affinis (= akin to), in reference to the similarity of D. affine to D. incanum.   
 Common Name:— carrapicho; carrapicho-médio; pega-pega.   
 Taxonomic notes:— free ovate stipules, leaflets with craspedodromous venation, rose-coloured or whitish flowers, and membranaceous fruits with oblong articles are characteristics that help identify D. affine. These characters especially help to differentiate D. affine from D. adscendens, D. incanum, and D. subsericeum, which all share with D.affine the subshrub habit and the elliptic, rhombic, narrowly rhombic, or orbicular terminal leaflet.   
 Of the Desmodium species that occur in the Americas, D. affine could be confused with D. marilandicum (L.) DC. (species from Central America) due to its similar ovate to oblong leaflets, but the persistent, ovate stipules (vs. caducous, lanceolate stipules in D. marilandicum) and oblong articles (vs. rhombic articles in D. marilandicum) help to differentiate these taxa. Some of the duplicates of the collection “ Hedysarum marilandicum, Santo Domingo, Bertero, M. Balbis, 1821” found in the G–DC, LE, and M herbaria were identified as D. marilandicum, but based on the aforementioned characteristics these have now been updated to Desmodium affine.   
 Schlechtendal & Chamisso (1830) conducted a survey of the plants collected by Schiede in Jalapam (Mexico) and cited, “643. Desmodium sp. ab Hedysaro marilandico L. diversum foliolis latis rhombeis, stipulis ovatis acutis, habitu debiliori. Specimina pauca insufficientia prope.” Schlechtendal (1838) described Desmodium affine citing Desmodium sp. n. 643 and the locality “prop Jalapam et pr. Hacienda de Laguna, Aug, Schiede,”. Here Schiede s.n. (in HAL) from “Hacienda de Laguna” is chosen as the lectotype of D. affine.   
 DESMODIUM (LEGUMINOSAE, PAPILIONOIDEAE) IN BRAZIL   
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 With respect to the typification of Desmodium albiflorum f. grandifolia, amongst the large number of duplicate specimens of thecollection Hassler 5832 in the Gand Pherbariathere is a mixture of D. affine and D. incanum. Because of this, Hassler 7085 deposited at G was selected as the lectotype of D. albiflorum f. grandifolia. this specimen is in agreement with the description in the protologue.
description: Published as part of Lima, Laura Cristina Pires, Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci De, Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart De Azevedo & Lewis, Gwilym Peter, 2014, A Taxonomic Revision of Desmodium (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Brazil, pp. 1-119 in Phytotaxa 169 (1) on pages 20-23, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.169.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10089817