cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog: Motions from ${\it WISE}$ and ${\it NEOWISE}$ Data
Creators: name: Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.
name: Marocco, Federico
name: Fowler, John W.
name: Meisner, Aaron M.
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Garcia, Nelson
name: Jarrett, Thomas H.
name: Koontz, Renata
name: Marchese, Elijah J.
name: Stanford, S. Adam
name: Caselden, Dan
name: Cushing, Michael C.
name: Cutri, Roc M.
name: Faherty, Jacqueline K.
name: Gelino, Christopher R.
name: Gonzalez, Anthony H.
name: Mainzer, Amanda
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Schlegel, David J.
name: Stern, Daniel
name: Teplitz, Harry I.
name: Wright, Edward L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CatWISE is a program to catalog sources selected from combined ${\it WISE}$ and ${\it NEOWISE}$ all-sky survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 $μ$m (W1 and W2). The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog consists of 900,849,014 sources measured in data collected from 2010 to 2016. This dataset represents four times as many exposures and spans over ten times as large a time baseline as that used for the AllWISE Catalog. CatWISE adapts AllWISE software to measure the sources in coadded images created from six-month subsets of these data, each representing one coverage of the inertial sky, or epoch. The catalog includes the measured motion of sources in 8 epochs over the 6.5 year span of the data. From comparison to ${\it Spitzer}$, the SNR=5 limits in magnitudes in the Vega system are W1=17.67 and W2=16.47, compared to W1=16.96 and W2=16.02 for AllWISE. From comparison to ${\it Gaia}$, CatWISE positions have typical accuracies of 50 mas for stars at W1=10 mag and 275 mas for stars at W1=15.5 mag. Proper motions have typical accuracies of 10 mas yr$^{-1}$ and 30 mas yr$^{-1}$ for stars with these brightnesses, an order of magnitude better than from AllWISE. The catalog is available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.
description: 53 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables. Accepted by ApJS
Cap and Food Security
Creators: name: Schmitz, Michael
name: Schmitz, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Food Security and Poverty

description: Although the food security discussion has given more emphasis to the individual (household) level as the proper unit of analysis, it still suffers from applying inappropriate indicators, which are mostly quantity oriented, instead of relying on more recent results of the literature that it is purchasing power or real income that matters. In addition, it has not been made clear so far how food security corresponds to the welfare status of agents. Since food security can more or less be associated with an uncertain world, this should at least be reflected in the value function of individuals who are generally risk averse. Therefore, it is proposed in the paper that the measurement of both food security and welfare should be based on the probability distribution of adjusted real household income over time on a daily basis. Food security can then be defined as the probability of any agent's real income exceeding a critical level, whereas the welfare status is measured as the agent's expected utility of this real income. Special formulas are developed in this context which allow one to calculate producer's and consumer's welfare under price uncertainty and risk aversion separating the risk response effect from the mean income moving effect of price fluctuations. In addition, an alternative measurement of protection in a stochastic world, the so called real protection rate, is proposed which simultaneously covers protection against low prices and volatile prices. All these indicators should be used when comparing and evaluating food security or food insecurity of any agent in whatever region. In the paper the concept is utilized to answer the raised question of how the EU contributes to worldwide food security.
The Evolution of Male Form and Function in Nightshade Flowers
Creators: name: Davis, Gwendolyn Veronica
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Nightshade
Solanum
Buzz pollination
MIXTA
Developmental genetics
tomato
phylomorphospace

description: The overall objective of this study is to investigate the diversity of anther form (male floral organs) in the genus Solanum to allow greater understanding of the relationship between anther form and buzz pollination. This project takes a multidisciplinary approach to investigating the anther traits found within the genus Solanum. We bring together both morphological and developmental genetic approaches. These constitute the two halves of this thesis. In the morphological section (chapter 2) the epidermal cell surface of the anthers of Solanum is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This is the first study to examine many of these species with SEM, and the first to focus specifically on the presence, location and type of epidermal cell outgrowths on the anther surface. How anther shape varies throughout the genus is examined by measurement and analysis of anther dimensions of living and herbarium specimens. These anther dimension measurements are subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and then analysed in a phylogenetic context using phylomorphospace approaches. The way in which anthers are arranged with respect to one another within a flower, whether separate or in a fused anther cone, is recorded and plotted onto the phylogeny to identify independent evolutions of the anther cone trait. The method of attachment between the anthers in fused anther cones is examined through SEM to better understand from a morphological perspective how this trait is created at a microscale, also shedding light on potential aspects of the trait’s evolution. The molecular section (chapter 3) of the thesis approaches the investigation of an important anther trait from a developmental genetic perspective. This trait is the fused anther cone of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), which is held together by a mesh of trichomes along the edges of the anthers. This work aims to better understand this trait by identifying genes responsible for its development. A candidate gene approach is taken, focusing on the R2R3 Myb subgroup 9 family of transcription factors. Function of the tomato members of this family is investigated through ectopic expression in tobacco and expression analysis during stages of floral development using semi qRTPCR. This study has contributed significantly towards the understanding of the diversity of anther traits found in the genus Solanum from a morphological, evolutionary and developmental genetic perspective and paves the way for further studies which investigate the importance of these anther traits to the interactions of buzz-pollinating insects with these plants
description: NERC
title: Leadership Communication and COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Klotz, Phil-Adrian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
COVID-19
DiD
vaccination
leadership communication

description: This paper empirically analyzes the impact of leadership communication on the COVID-19 vaccination rate using a quasi-experimental design. Based on a speech of the President of France, Emmanuel Macron, we examine how political leaders can influence the willingness to get vaccinated of a country's citizens by transmitting scientific insights into a clear and vivid message as well as by threatening credibly with future restrictions for unvaccinated people. In a Difference-in- Differences (DiD) framework it is shown that a televised address of Macron has increased the vaccination rate in France by roughly 5%. We test the robustness of this result by applying an event study design. Our findings imply that leadership communication is an effective weapon to change the beliefs of unvaccinated citizens and to overcome COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy.
OH-selected AGB and post-AGB objects I.Infrared and maser properties
Creators: name: Sevenster, Maartje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 766 compact objects from a survey of the galactic Plane in the 1612-MHz OH line, new light is cast on the infrared properties of evolved stars on the TP-AGB and beyond. The usual mid-infrared selection criteria, based on IRAS colours, largely fail to distinguish early post-AGB stages. A two-colour diagram from narrower-band MSX flux densities, with bimodal distributions, provides a better tool to do the latter. Four mutually consistent selection criteria for OH-masing red PPNe are given, as well as two for early post-AGB masers and one for all post--AGB masers, including the earliest ones. All these criteria miss a group of blue, high-outflow post-AGB sources with 60-mum excess; these will be discussed in detail in Paper II. The majority of post-AGB sources show regular double-peaked spectra in the OH 1612-MHz line, with fairly low outflow velocities, although the fractions of single peaks and irregular spectra may vary with age and mass. The OH flux density shows a fairly regular relation with the stellar flux and the envelope optical depth, with the maser efficiency increasing with IRAS colour R21. The OH flux density is linearly correlated with the 60-mum flux density.
description: 16 pages, LaTex, 22 figures, AJ (accepted)
Exploiting Economic Potential for Goat Production: A Case for Missouri and Arkansas
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Cole, Kelsey
name: Walker, Elizabeth
name: Hoegeman, Catherine
name: Clifford-Rathert, Charlotte
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed
name: Witworth, Whitney
name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Cole, Kelsey
name: Walker, Elizabeth
name: Hoegeman, Catherine
name: Clifford-Rathert, Charlotte
name: Ibrahim, Mohammed
name: Witworth, Whitney
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Enterprise choice
subject: production potential
subject: meat goats
subject: milk goats
subject: enterprise choice

description: Goat production, is one of the fastest growing agricultural production systems in the U.S. This growth has created opportunities for producers, especially the small-scale farmers looking for a profitable alternative enterprise to integrate into their existing production systems, particularly in Missouri and Arkansas. Although the U.S. is not one of the primary producers of goat meat or goat products, it still stands to gain from exploring opportunities of this growing industry
Population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation of HPPH in Chinese patients with esophageal carcinoma
Creators: name: Chen, Lin
name: Ye, Xuxiao
name: Hu, Kuan
name: Zhai, Yu
name: Li, Wenping
name: Wang, Xin
name: Yang, Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: 1. 2-[1-Hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH), a second-generation photosensitizer, has been widely employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of malignant lesions. The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of HPPH in Chinese patients using a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) approach. 2. For the first time, a PopPK model of HPPH for Chinese (n = 20) was developed (registration number: CTR20160425). The pharmacokinetics of HPPH was described by a three-compartment model with linear elimination. Through the stepwise addition (p < 0.05) and backward elimination (p < 0.001) approach, fat-free mass (FFM) was identified to be the most significant covariate and V1 increased with FFM. Visual predictive check (VPC) was employed for the evaluation of the final model. Subsequent full covariate analysis indicated that FFM has considerable impact (∼30%) on HPPH exposure and fat mass also has a modest (∼25%) impact. 3. The simulations suggested that a dose adjustment of HPPH may be necessary for Chinese and the dose of 3 mg/m2 should be appropriate. HPPH exposure increases with fat mass while being inversely related to FFM. HPPH-PDT for overweight patients should be monitored with more caution and PDT conditions should be optimized if necessary.
title: The Marginal Propensity to Consume During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Thailand and Vietnam
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bui, Dzung
name: Dräger, Lena
name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Nghiem, Giang
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Marginal propensity to consume (MPC)
Vietnam.
Economics
Wirtschaft
Thailand
Unanticipated income shocks; COVID-19

description: In evaluating surveys conducted in Thailand and Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic, we find that the marginal propensity to consume is significantly larger for positive than for negative income shocks. This result contradicts a prediction from the lifecycle permanent income model with borrowing constraints as well as empirical evidence from industrialized countries. However, our finding is consistent with Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, according to which the combination of income uncertainty and loss aversion can induce households to react more strongly to positive than to negative shocks.
Numerical Performance Assessment of Bridge Bents Retrofitted with Externally Bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Creators: name: Salgado, Rafael
name: Guner, Serhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: A significant number of in-service bridges have been subjected to loads above their original design capacities due to the increase in traffic and transported freight in the past decade. Externally bonded fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is a nondestructive and efficient retrofitting technique that has been increasingly common for the retrofit of ridge bents. However, there is a lack of analysis methods that can accurately predict the structural response of bridge bents retrofitted with FRP fabrics. In this study, a stepwise analysis and modeling methodology is proposed for bridge bents retrofitted with externally bonded FRP fabrics. The methodology takes account of the uniqueness of each bent in geometry and loading conditions. The proposed methodology reduces the number of assumptions required, provides a better understanding of the system-level structural behavior, and enables a long-lasting and cost-effective retrofit solution. The methodology is validated with a two stage verification study including a constitutive model verification using experimental results available in the literature, and a system-level verification using an existing bridge bent. The overall modeling process is presented to assist in accurately analyzing bridge bents using the proposed methodology.
Master-field simulations of O(a)-improved lattice QCD: Algorithms, stability and exactness
Creators: name: Francis, Anthony
name: Fritzsch, Patrick
name: Lüscher, Martin
name: Rago, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In master-field simulations of lattice QCD, the expectation values of interest are obtained from a single or at most a few representative gauge-field configurations on very large lattices. If the light quarks are included, the generation of these fields using standard techniques is however challenging in view of various algorithmic instabilities and precision issues. Ways to overcome these problems are described here for the case of the O(a)-improved Wilson formulation of lattice QCD and the viability of the proposed measures is then checked in extensive simulations of the theory with 2+1 flavours of quarks.
description: Plain TeX source, 35 pages, 6 figures; v2: minor text corrections; v3: reference added; v4: corrected 2 typos; v5: published version
title: Stock Market Response to Covid-19, Containment Measures and Stabilization Policies – The Case of Europe
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Klose, Jens
name: Tillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Covid-19
Europe
Economics
Wirtschaft
stabilization policies
lockdown-measures, panel VAR

description: Policymakers imposed constraints on public life in order to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. At the same time, fiscal and monetary policy implemented a large range of of expansionary measures to limit the economic con- sequences of the pandemic and stimulate the recovery. In this paper, we assess the response of the equity market as a high-frequency indicator of economic activity to containment and stabilization policies for 29 European economies. We construct indicators of containment and stabilization policies and estimate a range of panel VAR models. The main results are threefold: First, we find that stock markets are highly responsive to containment and stabilization policies. We show that domestic fiscal policy as well as monetary policy support the recovery as reflected in the stock market. Second, expansionary fiscal pol- icy conducted at the European level reduces rather raises stock prices. Third, we estimate the model over subsamples and show that the counter-intuitive stock market response to EU policies is driven by the responses in medium- and high-debt countries. These countries' stock markets are also particularly susceptible to monetary policy announcements.
VLT near-infrared spectra of hard serendipitous Chandra sources
Creators: name: Gandhi, P.
name: Crawford, C. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared long-slit spectra of eight optically-dim X-ray sources obtained with ISAAC on the Very Large Telescope. Six of the sources have hard X-ray emission with a significant fraction of the counts emerging above 2 keV. All were discovered serendipitously in the fields of three nearby galaxy clusters observed with Chandra, and identified through near-infrared imaging. The X-ray fluxes lie close to the break in the source counts. Two of the sources show narrow emission lines, and a third has a broad line. One of the narrow line-emitting sources has a clear redshift identification at z=2.18, while the other has a tentative determination based on the highest redshift detection of He I 10830 at z=1.26. The remainder have featureless spectra to deep limiting equivalent widths of 20--60 angstroms and line flux approx= 5 x 10^{-17} erg/s/cm^2 in the K-band. High-quality J, H and Ks--band images of the sources were combined with archival optical detections or limits to estimate a photometric redshift for six. Two sources show complex double morphology. The hard sources have spectral count ratios consistent with heavily obscured AGN, while the host galaxy emits much of the optical and near-infrared flux. The most likely explanation for the featureless continua is that the line photons are being scattered or destroyed by optically-thick gas and associated dust with large covering fractions.
description: Replaced in response to problems with the PDF version of Fig 4 at arxiv.org, but not at the mirror sites (lanl.gov, soton.ac.uk). No content changes
title: Forecasting Market Diffusion of Innovative Battery-Electric and Conventional Vehicles in Germany under Model Uncertainty
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Gohs, Andreas Marcus
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Growth Curves
Model Uncertainty
Economics
Wirtschaft
Bass Diffusion Model
Electric Vehicles
Pooled Forecasting

description: In this research paper accuracies (percentage errors, MAPE) of different procedures (growth, ARIMA(X), exponential smoothing and deterministic trend models) in forecasting new passenger car registrations in Germany are presented. It is found that the Logistic Growth Model provides rather accurate predictions of the number of new registrations (total number, which still refers to predominantly conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles) for the forecast period of the study. However, the Bass diffusion model is recommended for predicting the new registration numbers of the innovative battery-electric technology. Furthermore, it is exemplarified that the Bass coefficient of imitation q, in contrast to the coefficient of innovation p, is robust to a variation of the assumed market potential M. Therefore, q should also contribute to a stable short-term forecast (given a variation of M), provided that a period in the early phase of the product life cycle is considered. The study also shows that with the bulk of the procedures, percentage forecast errors are obtained which lie in a narrow margin for the established product passenger car, but not for the innovative battery-electric propulsion technology. So while the careful selection of the forecasting model seems rather negligible for the established product, it is essential for the innovative product. In addition, new registration figures in the German federal states were forecasted, which in turn were used to calculate pooled forecasts for Germany. In general, no increase in forecast accuracy was achieved by means of pooling compared with direct forecasting (i.e. from the national time series).
Investigating the antibody-independent functions of B lymphocytes
Creators: name: Inaba, Akimichi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: B cells
Regulatory B cells
B lymphocytes
Acute kidney injury
Autoimmune disease
Diabetes mellitus
CCL7
SIGLEC-G
Sialic acid
IL-10
IL10
IL-2
IL2

description: B cells are critical for the generation of antibody, but there is increasing evidence that they have a broader functional remit: For example, innate B1a cells are a critical source of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) during Gram-negative sepsis, inducing neutrophil expansion and mobilisation to limit bacteraemia. B cells can also regulate immune responses via the production of cytokines such as IL-10, and this can inhibit deleterious autoimmune and alloimmune responses in murine models. Here I investigated whether B cells may play a pathogenic role in the sterile inflammation associated with acute kidney injury (AKI), coordinating a systemic response in which neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes are mobilised from the bone marrow to the injured kidney. We found that during murine models of AKI, neutrophils exit the bone marrow and increase in the blood and kidneys. This neutrophil mobilisation was tightly correlated to the severity of AKI. B cells were recruited to the kidney in a CD11b-dependent manner and produced CCL7 to attract inflammatory monocytes. The absence of Siglec-G, an inhibitory receptor expressed in innate B1a cells, exacerbates AKI in murine models. Conversely, concomitant administration of a Siglec-G agonist, sialic acid (Neu5AC), ameliorated AKI and reduced renal neutrophil infiltration. These data suggest that manipulation of innate B cells may be a viable therapeutic strategy in AKI. In the second part of the thesis, I investigated whether IL-10-producing regulatory B cells could be induced in humans in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that IL-10 producing human B cells expressed transcripts of all components of the IL-2 receptor (CD25, CD122 and CD132). We found that surface CD25 was upregulated on a subset of mouse and human B cells following stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and CD40L, rendering these cells receptive to IL-2. The addition of IL-2 to these activated B cells significantly augmented IL-10 production, whilst pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were unchanged, resulting in a skewing of B cells towards a regulatory phenotype. Consequently, co-culture of IL-2-treated B cells with activated CD4 cells led to a reduction in T cell production of TNF-α. In vivo, in mice and patients treated with low dose IL-2, we observed a significant increase in IL-10-producing B cells. Together, our data suggest that low dose IL-2 may be a useful strategy to promote the generation of regulatory B cells in vivo.
description: The PhD was funded by a Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship.
Machine-learning computation of distance modulus for local galaxies
Creators: name: Elyiv, A.
name: Melnyk, O.
name: Vavilova, I.
name: Dobrycheva, D.
name: Karachentseva, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quickly growing computing facilities and an increasing number of extragalactic observations encourage the application of data-driven approaches to uncover hidden relations from astronomical data. In this work we raise the problem of distance reconstruction for a large number of galaxies from available extensive observations. We propose a new data-driven approach for computing distance moduli for local galaxies based on the machine-learning regression as an alternative to physically oriented methods. We use key observable parameters for a large number of galaxies as input explanatory variables for training: magnitudes in U, B, I, and K bands, corresponding colour indices, surface brightness, angular size, radial velocity, and coordinates. We performed detailed tests of the five machine-learning regression techniques for inference of $m-M$: linear, polynomial, k-nearest neighbours, gradient boosting, and artificial neural network regression. As a test set we selected 91 760 galaxies at $z<0.2$ from the NASA/IPAC extragalactic database with distance moduli measured by different independent redshift methods. We find that the most effective and precise is the neural network regression model with two hidden layers. The obtained root-mean-square error of 0.35 mag, which corresponds to a relative error of 16\%, does not depend on the distance to galaxy and is comparable with methods based on the Tully-Fisher and Fundamental Plane relations. The proposed model shows a 0.44 mag (20\%) error in the case of spectroscopic redshift absence and is complementary to existing photometric redshift methodologies. Our approach has great potential for obtaining distance moduli for around 250 000 galaxies at $z<0.2$ for which the above-mentioned parameters are already observed.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Consumer Testing for the Local Food Start-Up
Creators: name: Durham, Catherine
name: Colonna, Ann
name: Long, Deng
name: Masoni, Sarah
name: Durham, Catherine
name: Colonna, Ann
name: Long, Deng
name: Masoni, Sarah
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: consumer test
subject: sensory
subject: purchase intent
subject: start-up
subject: local food.

description: Consumer tests are utilized by medium and large food companies to evaluate new products or test new product formulations on potential buyers. The typical objective is to examine various sensory attributes for liking and to examine whether adjustable product attributes such as saltiness, sweetness and texture are “Just About Right” or need reformulation, but packaging, message, and purchase intent questions can be incorporated or emphasized to evaluate the market. These pieces of information may help a company market its product to retailers or distributors by proof of liking or willingness to purchase. However, though this information is perhaps needed even more by those interested in starting-up a food company. A consumer test could help avoid serious losses in launching a product that consumers either don’t like sufficiently or which will require a price which consumers aren’t willing to pay. A consumer test can also help discover if small adjustments in formulation are needed. Properly executed such a study can also provide evidence to start marketing to retailers or look for financing. Unfortunately the costs of a professionally executed test can be prohibitive.
Is Obesity Contagious? Evidence from International Graduate Students (Revised)
Creators: name: Katare, Bhagyashree
name: Katare, Bhagyashree
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Obesity
subject: Immigration
subject: Acculturation

description: Paper removed at the request of the author. See original AAEA conference paper at: http://purl.umn.edu/165748.
Long wavelength spatial oscillations of high frequency current noise in 1D electron systems
Creators: name: Trauzettel, B.
name: Grabert, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite frequency current noise is studied theoretically for a 1D electron system in presence of a scatterer. In contrast to zero frequency shot noise, finite frequency noise shows spatial oscillations at high frequencies with wavelength $πv_F/ω$. Band curvature leads to a decay of the amplitude of the noise oscillations as one moves away from the scatterer, superimposed by a beat. Furthermore, Coulomb interaction reduces the amplitude and modifies the wavelength of the oscillations, which we inspect in the framework of the Luttinger liquid (LL) model. The oscillatory noise contributions are only suppressed altogether when the LL interaction parameter $g \to 0$.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. B 67 (2003)
The evidence of cosmic acceleration and observational constraints
Creators: name: Yang, Yingjie
name: Gong, Yungui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Directly comparing the 6 expansion rate measured by type Ia supernovae data and the lower bound on the expansion rate set by the strong energy conditions or the null hypothesis that there never exists cosmic acceleration, we see $3σ$ direct evidence of cosmic acceleration and the $Rh=ct$ model is strongly excluded by the type Ia supernovae data. We also use Gaussian process method to reconstruct the expansion rate and the deceleration parameter from the 31 cosmic chronometers data and the 6 data points on the expansion rate measured from type Ia supernoave data, the direct evidence of cosmic acceleration is more than $3σ$ and we find that the transition redshift $z_t=0.60_{-0.12}^{+0.21}$ at which the expansion of the Universe underwent the transition from acceleration to deceleration. The Hubble constant inferred from the cosmic chronometers data with the Gaussian process method is $H_0=67.46\pm4.75$ Km/s/Mpc. To understand the properties of cosmic acceleration and dark energy, we fit two different two-parameter models to the observational data, and we find that the constraints on the model parameters from either the full distance modulus data by the Pantheon compilation or the compressed expansion rate data are very similar, and the derived Hubble constants are consistent with the Planck 2018 result. Our results confirm that the 6 compressed expansion rate data can replace the full 1048 distance modulus data from the Pantheon compilation. We derive the transition redshift $z_t=0.61_{-0.16}^{+0.24}$ by fitting a simple $q(z)$ model to the combination of cosmic chronometers data and the Pantheon compilation, the result is consistent with that obtained from the reconstruction with Gaussian process. Abridged.
description: JCAP in press, structure changed, main conclusion remains
title: CBDC as Competitor for Bank Deposits and Cryptocurrencies
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Fuchs, Max
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: cryptocurrencies
CBDC
welfare analysis
Economics
Wirtschaft

description: Private cryptocurrencies allow for payments without the need for a financial institution. These institutions, the central bank and retail banks, may thus observe a decline in the demand for their payments systems, i.e. cash and deposits. Using the monetary search model of Lagos and Wright (2005), we show that the central bank is able to tilt the playing field until it wins. By introducing an interest-bearing central bank digital currency (CBDC), the central bank is able to provide a payment system which is superior to cryptocurrencies. Miners cannot match the CBDC rate and go bankrupt. Retail banks, on the other hand, face lower profits but survive in the equilibrium. In addition, it can be welfare-improving to kick out cryptocurrencies by an interest-bearing CBDC.
A Two-Stage Strength Assessment Methodology for Deep Concrete Cap Beams
Creators: name: Salgado, Rafael
name: Anish Sharma
name: Guner, Serhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: A significant portion of the nation’s aging bridge inventory consists of bridges with deep cap beams which were not designed to carry modern traffic loads. A strength assessment of these bridges is required for accurately predicting their load and deformation capacities. This paper proposes a two-stage strength assessment methodology for deep cap beams based on a nonlinear finite element analysis. To validate the finite element modeling approach, five pier caps experimentally investigated in the literature were analyzed. Crack patterns, load-displacement response, failure modes, and governing critical members were investigated under near collapse conditions. The complete proposed methodology was employed on a case study involving five existing bridges located in Ohio and the predicted capacities were compared with the traditional sectional and strut-and-tie methods. The proposed methodology has the potential to reduce the number of bridges found overloaded using traditional methods, resulting in significant cost savings.
Molecular definition of group 1 innate lymphoid cells in the uterus
Creators: name: Filipovic, Iva
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: immunology
reproduction
natural killer cells

description: Uterine NK cells (uNKs) are group 1 (g1) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that have been shown to regulate remodelling of uterine blood vessels, an event necessary to support fetal growth. Recently, other ILCs were identified in the mucosa and wall of the uterus of mice and women, pregnant or not. They may regulate important functions as they produce factors known to impact on uterine physiology and pathology. Unique to the mouse uterus is a population of CD49a+Eomes+ g1 ILCs (trNK), resembling human uNK cells. However, how they relate to uterine Eomes+CD49a- conventional NK cells (cNK) and CD49a+Eomes- ILC1 has been unknown. Determining the function of uterine lymphocytes is challenging because of the rapidly changing nature of the organ in response to sex hormones and, during pregnancy, to the invading fetal trophoblast cells. In my work, I provide the first genome- wide transcriptome atlas of mouse uterine g1 ILCs at mid-gestation. I show that the composition of g1 ILCs fluctuates throughout reproductive life, with CD49a+Eomes- ILC1s dominating before puberty and specifically expanding in second pregnancies, when the expression of CXCR6, a marker of memory NK cells, is upregulated. Tissue-resident CD49a+Eomes+ NK cells (trNK) are most abundant during early pregnancy, and showcase gene signatures of responsiveness to TGF-b. On the transcriptome level, they are also equipped with the machinery that may allow them to interact with majority of other cells at the maternal-fetal interface, as well as with the extracellular matrix. Conventional NK cells expand late in gestation and may interact with trNK cells through the production of IL-18 and IFN-g. These results identify trNK cells as the cellular hub of uterine g1 ILCs at mid- gestation and mark CXCR6+ ILC1s as potential memory cells of pregnancy. I have also identified in the uterus an early developmental stage along the g1 ILC lineage. The identification of this stage of lymphoid development should facilitate the delineation of g1 ILC differentiation in the uterus. This study represents the first report of the uterine g1 ILC transcriptome and it will be an essential resource for designing future studies in the field of reproductive immunology. Determining the molecular identity and function of mouse uterine g1 ILCs as demonstrated here will be instrumental to guide further work with human uNKs.
description: Centre for Trophoblast Research Graduate Studentship
On the inexistence of self-gravitating solitons in generalised axion electrodynamics
Creators: name: Herdeiro, Carlos A. R.
name: Oliveira, João M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Building upon the methods used recently, we establish the inexistence of self-gravitating solitonic solutions for both static and strictly stationary asymptotically flat spacetimes in generalised axion electrodynamics. This is an Einstein-Maxwell-axion model, where the axion field $θ$ is non-minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field. Considering the standard QCD axion coupling, we first present an argument for the absence of static axionic solitons, $i.e.$ localised energy axionic-electromagnetic configurations, yielding an everywhere regular, horizonless, asymptotically flat, static spacetime. Then, for generic couplings $f(θ)$ and $g(θ)$ (subject to mild assumptions) between the axion field and the electromagnetic field invariants, we show there are still no solitonic solutions, even when dropping the staticity assumption and merely requiring a strictly stationary spacetime, regardless of the spatial isometries.
description: 10 pages, no figures
Disentangling Teamwork Dynamics: All Work for One or One Teaches All
Creators: name: Higgins, Lindsey M.
name: Schroeter, Christiane
name: Higgins, Lindsey M.
name: Schroeter, Christiane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: teaching
subject: teamwork
subject: agribusiness
subject: active learning

description: teaching, teamwork, agribusiness, active learningvalue to course assignments. This research provides a base for discussion regarding the role of teamwork and the composition of the ideal team. This research will fill a gap in the literature on fitting student improvements to differences in the students themselves, which has broad implica-tions for motivating and educating students about food marketing and food distribution.
Exhaustive Model Selection in $b \to s \ell \ell$ Decays: Pitting Cross-Validation against AIC$_c$
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Srimoy
name: Biswas, Aritra
name: Nandi, Soumitra
name: Patra, Sunando Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the light of recent data, we study the new physics effects in the exclusive $b \to s \ell^+\ell^-$ decays from a model independent perspective. Different combinations of the dimension six effective operators along with their respective Wilson coefficients are chosen for the analysis. To find out the operator or sets of operators that can best explain the available data in this channel, we simultaneously apply popular model selection tools like cross-validation and the information theoretic approach like Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). There are one, two, and three-operator scenarios which survive the test and a left-handed quark current with vector muon coupling is common among them. This is also the only surviving one-operator scenario. Best-fit values and correlations of the new Wilson coefficients are supplied for all the selected scenarios. We find that the angular observables play the dominant role in the model selection procedure. We also note that while a left-handed quark current with axial-vector muon coupling is the only one-operator scenario able to explain the ratios $R_{K^{(*)}}$ ($R_{K^*}$ for $q^2\in [ 0.045, 1.1] {\rm GeV}^2$ in particular), there are also a couple of two operator scenarios that can simultaneously explain the measured $R_{K^{(*)}}$.
description: 21 pages, 12 captioned figures, 1 JSON file in source, Version accepted in PRD
Brand Affiliation in Promoting Locally Produced Food: A Case of University Promoted Beef
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Penton, Micala
name: Muzinic, Jennifer
name: Onyango, Benjamin
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Penton, Micala
name: Muzinic, Jennifer
name: Onyango, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: product attributes
subject: brand affiliation
subject: Willingness-to-Pay

description: Many universities are now marketing agricultural products including beef and dairy. The objective of the study was to examine the role of university brand affiliation in promoting locally produced food, particularly grass-fed beef. It is expected that other local producers will use the results to make informed decisions in marketing their products. The study used the data collected from a survey among Missouri State University alumni and general shoppers. Preliminary results from the analysis show that university alumni were statistically different from other shoppers in willingness to pay more for university produced beef.
Towards an Effective Assessment of Cap Beams Retrofitted with Externally Bonded Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Creators: name: Salgado, Rafael
name: Guner, Serhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Because the average age of the bridges in the United States is approximately 42 years old, a large number of bridges are categorized as structurally deficient due to increase loading over the past decade. Externally bonded fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have proven to be an efficient retrofitting technique, becoming increasingly common for the retrofit of cap beams. However, there is a lack of analysis methods that can accurately predict the retrofitted structural response of cap beams. In this study, a staged analysis methodology is proposed for cap beams retrofitted with externally bonded FRP fabrics. The proposed methodology focuses on nonlinear finite element tools to account for the uniqueness of each cap beam in geometry and loading condition; it reduces the number of assumptions required and provides a better understanding of the system-level structural behavior. In addition, the analysis results confirm the retrofitted system response and help prevent ineffective or detrimental applications of FRP fabrics. The proposed methodology is validated with a two-stage verification study including a constitutive material modeling behavior; and an overall methodology application using a real/large structure. The material behavior models and the modeling approach proposed are validated using experimental results available
in the literature.
Stellar population models based on the SDSS-IV MaStar library of stellar spectra. I. Intermediate-age/old models
Creators: name: Maraston, C.
name: Hill, L.
name: Thomas, D.
name: Yan, R.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Lian, J.
name: Parikh, T.
name: Neumann, J.
name: Meneses-Goytia, S.
name: Bershady, M.
name: Drory, N.
name: Bizyaev, D.
name: Concas, A.
name: Brownstein, J.
name: Lazarz, D.
name: Stringfellow, G.
name: Stassun, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the first release of the SDSS/MaStar stellar library comprising ~9000, high S/N spectra, to calculate integrated spectra of stellar population models. The models extend over the wavelength range 0.36-1.03 micron and share the same spectral resolution (R~1800) and flux calibration as the SDSS-IV/MaNGA galaxy data. The parameter space covered by the stellar spectra collected thus far allows the calculation of models with ages and chemical composition in the range t>200 Myr, -2 <=[Z/H]<= + 0.35, which will be extended as MaStar proceeds. Notably, the models include spectra for dwarf Main Sequence stars close to the core H-burning limit, as well as spectra for cold, metal-rich giants. Both stellar types are crucial for modelling lambda>0.7 micron absorption spectra. Moreover, a better parameter coverage at low metallicity allows the calculation of models as young as 500 Myr and the full account of the Blue Horizontal Branch phase of old populations. We present models adopting two independent sets of stellar parameters (T_eff, logg, [Z/H]). In a novel approach, their reliability is tested 'on the fly' using the stellar population models themselves. We perform tests with Milky Way and Magellanic Clouds globular clusters, finding that the new models recover their ages and metallicities remarkably well, with systematics as low as a few per cent for homogeneous calibration sets. We also fit a MaNGA galaxy spectrum, finding residuals of the order of a few per cent comparable to the state-of-art models, but now over a wider wavelength range.
description: 37 pages, 31 figures, MNRAS in press, models available at http://www.icg.port.ac.uk/mastar
Seismic Response History Analysis for the Next Generation of Buildings
Creators: name: Salgado, Rafael
name: Guner, Serhan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE) has been increasingly employed as a comprehensive dynamic analysis methodology for the next generation of buildings. To assess the performance of a given structure subjected to earthquake loading, the nonlinear dynamic analysis (NLDA) is considered one of the most accurate methods to analyze a numerical model up to the failure conditions. The complexity of a nonlinear analysis and its computationally demanding nature, however, hinder the suitability of this analysis for the PBEE. In this study, the applicability of three numerical modeling approaches for reinforced concrete frame buildings is evaluated in a performance-based NLDA process. The simulation accuracy of each model is assessed by comparing the numerical predictions with experimentally-observed shake-table test results. The PBEE is conducted through a set of ground-motion vs. time histories to develop fragility curves and evaluate the probabilities of exceedance for each model. The computational effort required, numerical stability characteristics, prediction accuracy, and the calculated probabilities are discussed to assess each numerical model. Structural modeling guidelines are proposed to help practitioners to efficiently create numerical model for the performance-based design. Research results indicate that the nonlinear models provide significantly more accurate response predictions than the linear-elastic model with concentrated hinges, and that the total computational time demand required by a numerical model is composed of three phases that far exceeds the required analysis time. It was also found that the nonlinear models with different levels of material model comprehensiveness calculated similar structural performance probabilities but required significantly different total computational time and had different levels of general applicability.