cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lactational Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Its Relation to Early Childhood Anthropometric Measurements
Creators: name: Hoffman, Kate
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Daniels, Julie L.
name: Sjödin, Andreas
name: Mendez, Michelle
name: Siega-Riz, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that may influence growth and development.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between exposure to PBDEs via breast milk and anthropometric measurements in early childhood.

METHODS: The Pregnancy Infection and Nutrition (PIN) Babies studies followed a cohort of North Carolina pregnant women and their children through 36 months of age. Breast milk samples obtained at 3 months postpartum were analyzed for PBDEs. We collected height and weight records from well-baby doctor visits and also measured children during study visits (n = 246 children with > 1,400 anthropometric measurements). We assessed the relationship between breast milk concentrations of five PBDE congeners-BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, and 153-and child's weight-for-age, height-for-age, and weight-for-height z-scores (WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ, respectively), adjusting for age; maternal age, race, prepregnancy BMI; parity; smoking during pregnancy; and breastfeeding, and stratifying by sex.

RESULTS: Overall, PBDE exposures via breast milk were not associated with early-life anthropometric measures in the PIN Babies cohort. When stratified by sex, PBDEs in milk were inversely associated with WHZ for boys; however, associations did not follow a consistent pattern across the concentration gradient and were imprecisely estimated. Among girls, PBDEs tended to be associated with increased WHZ except for BDE-153, which was inversely associated with WHZ, though all estimates were imprecisely estimated.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed little evidence of associations between early-life PBDE exposures via breast milk and anthropometric measurements overall; however, our results prompt the need for sex-specific investigations in larger cohorts.

CITATION: Hoffman K, Mendez M, Siega-Riz AM, Herring AH, Sjödin A, Daniels JL. 2016. Lactational exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its relation to early childhood anthropometric measurements. Environ Health Perspect 124:1656-1661; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP201.
title: The role of multislice CT in evaluation of temporal bone trauma
Creators: name: Aracki-Trenkic, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Trauma
subject: Head and neck

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To review the normal anatomy of the temporal bone, since it is of the utmost importance for the radiologists in order to make an accurate diagnosis. To evaluate the imaging features of a temporal bone trauma with reference to the three classic types...
New Perspectives on Nitrogen Fixation Measurements Using 15N2 Gas
Creators: name: Wannicke, Nicola
name: Benavides, Mar
name: Dalsgaard, Tage
name: Dippner, Joachim W.
name: Montoya, Joseph P.
name: Voss, Maren
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 15N2 fixation
subject: Bubble method
subject: Diazotrophs
subject: Enriched water method
subject: Meta-analysis
subject: 550

description: Recently, the method widely used to determine 15N2 fixation rates in marine and freshwater environments was found to underestimate rates because the dissolution of the added 15N2 gas bubble in seawater takes longer than theoretically calculated. As a solution to the potential underestimate of rate measurements, the usage of the enriched water method was proposed to provide constant 15N2 enrichment. Still, the superiority of enriched water method over the previously used bubble injection remains inconclusive. To clarify this issue, we performed laboratory based experiments and implemented the results into an error analysis of 15N2 fixation rates. Moreover, we conducted a literature search on the comparison of the two methods to calculate a mean effect size using a meta-analysis approach. Our results indicate that the error potentially introduced by an equilibrium phase of the 15N2 gas is −72% at maximum for experiments with very short incubation times of 1 h. In contrast, the underestimation was negligible for incubations lasting 12–24 h (error is −0.2%). Our meta-analysis indicates that 84% of the measurements in the two groups will overlap and there is a 61% chance that a sample picked at random from the enriched water group will have a higher value than one picked at random from the bubble group. Overall, the underestimation of N2 fixation rates when using the bubble method relative to the enriched water method is highly dependent on incubation time and other experimental conditions and cannot be generalized.
The effect of exercise training and physiotherapy on diastolic function, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Luo, Xufei
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Background: Exercise and physiotherapy is accepted as an important contribution to the rehabilitation of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). But the previous results are unclear partly because of limited power with small sample sizes. Aim: We aimed to better understand the effects of two exercise training interventions and two modalities of physiotherapies on exercise capacity, quality of life (QoL) and diastolic dysfunction in HFpEF patients. Methods: Cochrane Library, EMBASE and MEDLINE via PubMed for randomized controlled trials were searched from their inception to May 2021. The effect size was estimated as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A total of 14 articles on 13 trials were included in this meta-analysis with 673 HFpEF patients. The pooling revealed that peak oxygen uptake was improved by endurance training, functional electrical stimulation (FES) and inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Similar results were observed for 6-minute walk test and QoL. A combination of endurance and resistance training (combined exercise) was beneficial to the ratio of peak early to late diastolic mitral inflow velocities [MD (95% CI): -2.90 (-4.97, -0.83), P = 0.006] and the early diastolic mitral annual velocity [MD (95% CI): 1.40 (0.68, 2.12), P = 0.006]. IMT improved ventilation/carbon dioxide ratio slope [MD (95% CI): -3.36 ml.kg-1.min-1 (-6.17, -0.54), P = 0.019]. Conclusions: FES and IMT improve functional capacity and QoL without a change in diastolic function in HFpEF patients, and the outcomes are similar to endurance training. Notably, combined exercise may improve diastolic function.
On the Hausdorf Dimension of Minimal Interval Exchange Transformations with Flips
Creators: name: Skripchenko, Alexandra
name: Troubetzkoy, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove linear upper and lower bounds for the Hausdorff dimension set of minimal interval exchange transformations with flips (in particular without periodic points), and a linear lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of the set of non-uniquely ergodic minimal interval exchange transformations with flips.
Lead Exposure during Early Human Development and DNA Methylation of Imprinted Gene Regulatory Elements in Adulthood
Creators: name: Dietrich, Kim N.
name: Cecil, Kim M.
name: Skaar, David
name: Hoyo, Cathrine
name: Puga, Alvaro
name: Li, Yue
name: Jirtle, Randy L.
name: Xie, Changchun
name: Murphy, Susan K.
name: Nye, Monica
name: Vidal, Adriana C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Lead exposure during early development causes neurodevelopmental disorders by unknown mechanisms. Epidemiologic studies have focused recently on determining associations between lead exposure and global DNA methylation; however, such approaches preclude the identification of loci that may alter human disease risk.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal, postnatal, and early childhood lead exposure can alter the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) that control the monoallelic expression of imprinted genes involved in metabolism, growth, and development.

METHODS: Questionnaire data and serial blood lead levels were obtained from 105 participants (64 females, 41 males) of the Cincinnati Lead Study from birth to 78 months. When participants were adults, we used Sequenom EpiTYPER assays to test peripheral blood DNA to quantify CpG methylation in peripheral blood leukocytes at DMRs of 22 human imprinted genes. Statistical analyses were conducted using linear regression.

RESULTS: Mean blood lead concentration from birth to 78 months was associated with a significant decrease in PEG3 DMR methylation (β = -0.0014; 95% CI: -0.0023, -0.0005, p = 0.002), stronger in males (β = -0.0024; 95% CI: -0.0038, -0.0009, p = 0.003) than in females (β = -0.0009; 95% CI: -0.0020, 0.0003, p = 0.1). Elevated mean childhood blood lead concentration was also associated with a significant decrease in IGF2/H19 (β = -0.0013; 95% CI: -0.0023, -0.0003, p = 0.01) DMR methylation, but primarily in females, (β = -0.0017; 95% CI: -0.0029, -0.0006, p = 0.005) rather than in males, (β = -0.0004; 95% CI: -0.0023, 0.0015, p = 0.7). Elevated blood lead concentration during the neonatal period was associated with higher PLAGL1/HYMAI DMR methylation regardless of sex (β = 0.0075; 95% CI: 0.0018, 0.0132, p = 0.01). The magnitude of associations between cumulative lead exposure and CpG methylation remained unaltered from 30 to 78 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that early childhood lead exposure results in sex-dependent and gene-specific DNA methylation differences in the DMRs of PEG3, IGF2/H19, and PLAGL1/HYMAI in adulthood.

CITATION: Li Y, Xie C, Murphy SK, Skaar D, Nye M, Vidal AC, Cecil KM, Dietrich KN, Puga A, Jirtle RL, Hoyo C. 2016. Lead exposure during early human development and DNA methylation of imprinted gene regulatory elements in adulthood. Environ Health Perspect 124:666-673; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408577.
title: PRES: typical and atypical imaging presentation
Creators: name: Aracki-Trenkic, Aleksandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Complications
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Oedema

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of the study was to describe typical and atypical magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) findings in patient with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome...
Self-stabilized discharge filament in plane-parallel barrier discharge configuration: formation, breakdown mechanism, and memory effects
Creators: name: Tschiersch, R.
name: Nemschokmichal, S.
name: Bogaczyk, M.
name: Meichsner, J.
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: barrier discharge
subject: gap voltage
subject: glow-like discharge
subject: memory effect
subject: microdischarge
subject: patterned discharge
subject: surface charge
subject: 530

description: Single self-stabilized discharge filaments were investigated in the plane-parallel electrode configuration. The barrier discharge was operated inside a gap of 3 mm shielded by glass plates to both electrodes, using helium-nitrogen mixtures and a square-wave feeding voltage at a frequency of 2 kHz. The combined application of electrical measurements, ICCD camera imaging, optical emission spectroscopy and surface charge diagnostics via the electro-optic Pockels effect allowed the correlation of the discharge development in the volume and on the dielectric surfaces. The formation criteria and existence regimes were found by systematic variation of the nitrogen admixture to helium, the total pressure and the feeding voltage amplitude. Single self-stabilized discharge filaments can be operated over a wide parameter range, foremost, by significant reduction of the voltage amplitude after the operation in the microdischarge regime. Here, the outstanding importance of the surface charge memory effect on the long-term stability was pointed out by the recalculated spatio-temporally resolved gap voltage. The optical emission revealed discharge characteristics that are partially reminiscent of both the glow-like barrier discharge and the microdischarge regime, such as a Townsend pre-phase, a fast cathode-directed ionization front during the breakdown and radially propagating surface discharges during the afterglow.
Spatio-temporal characterization of the multiple current pulse regime of diffuse barrier discharges in helium with nitrogen admixtures
Creators: name: Bogaczyk, Marc
name: Tschiersch, Robert
name: Nemschokmichal, Sebastian
name: Meichsner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: barrier discharge
subject: breakdown mechanism
subject: existence regimes
subject: gap voltage
subject: memory effect
subject: multiple current pulses
subject: surface charge
subject: 530

description: This work reports on the spatio-temporal characterization of the multiple current pulse regime of diffuse barrier discharges driven by sine-wave feeding voltage at a frequency of 2 kHz in helium with small nitrogen admixtures. The discharge gap of 3 mm is bounded by glass plates on both plane electrodes. Priority is given to the lateral discharge inhomogeneities, underlying volume- and surface-memory effects, and the breakdown mechanism. Therefore, relevant processes in the discharge volume and on the dielectric surfaces were investigated by ICCD camera imaging and optical emission spectroscopy in combination with electrical measurements and surface charge diagnostics using the electro-optic Pockels effect of a bismuth silicon oxide crystal. The number of current pulses per half-cycle of the sine-wave voltage rises with increasing nitrogen admixture to helium due to the predominant role of the Penning ionization. Here, the transition from the first glow-like breakdown to the last Townsend-like breakdown is favored by residual species from the former breakdowns which enhance the secondary electron emission during the pre-phase of the later breakdowns. Moreover, the surface charge measurements reveal that the consecutive breakdowns occur alternately at central and peripheral regions on the electrode surface. These spatial inhomogeneities are conserved by the surface charge memory effect as pointed out by the recalculated spatio-temporal development of the gap voltage.
Divergence-free Approximate Riemann Solver for the Quasi-neutral Two-fluid Plasma Model
Creators: name: Amano, Takanobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical method for the quasi-neutral two-fluid (QNTF) plasma model is described. The basic equations are ion and electron fluid equations and the Maxwell equations without displacement current. The neglect of displacement current is consistent with the assumption of charge neutrality. It thus reduces to the ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in the long wavelength limit, but the two-fluid effect appearing at ion and electron inertial scales is fully taken into account. It is shown that the basic equations may be rewritten in a form that has formally the same structure as the MHD equations. The total mass, momentum, and energy are all written in the conservative form. A new three-dimensional numerical simulation code has been developed for the QNTF equations. The HLL (Harten-Lax-van Leer) approximate Riemann solver combined with the upwind constrained transport (UCT) scheme is applied. The method was originally developed for MHD (Londrillo & Del Zanna, 2004), but works quite well for the present model as well. The simulation code is able to capture sharp multidimensional discontinuities as well as dispersive waves arising from the two-fluid effect at small scales without producing $\nabla \cdot \mathbf{B}$ errors. It is well known that conventional Hall-MHD codes often suffer a numerical stability issue associated with short wavelength whistler waves. On the other hand, since finite electron inertia introduces an upper bound to the phase speed of whistler waves in the present model, our code is free from the issue even without explicit dissipation terms or implicit time integration. Numerical experiments have confirmed that there is no need to resolve characteristic time scales such as plasma frequency or cyclotron frequency for numerical stability. Consequently, the QNTF model offers a better alternative to the Hall-MHD or fully electromagnetic two-fluid models.
description: 31 pages, 11 Figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Computational Physics. Abstract shortened
Mechanisms Underlying Latent Disease Risk Associated with Early-Life Arsenic Exposure: Current Research Trends and Scientific Gaps
Creators: name: Graziano, Joseph H.
name: Kim, Kyoung-Woong
name: Suk, William A.
name: Navasumrit, Panida
name: Tokar, Erik J.
name: Smith, Allan H.
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Thiantanawat, Apinya
name: Bailey, Kathryn A.
name: Ruchirawat, Mathuros
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BackgroundMillions of individuals worldwide, particularly those living in rural and developing areas, are exposed to harmful levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in their drinking water. Inorganic As exposure during key developmental periods is associated with a variety of adverse health effects, including those that are evident in adulthood. There is considerable interest in identifying the molecular mechanisms that relate early-life iAs exposure to the development of these latent diseases, particularly in relationship to cancer.ObjectivesThis work summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the increased risk of cancer development in adulthood that is associated with early-life iAs exposure.DiscussionEpigenetic reprogramming that imparts functional changes in gene expression, the development of cancer stem cells, and immunomodulation are plausible underlying mechanisms by which early-life iAs exposure elicits latent carcinogenic effects.ConclusionsEvidence is mounting that relates early-life iAs exposure and cancer development later in life. Future research should include animal studies that address mechanistic hypotheses and studies of human populations that integrate early-life exposure, molecular alterations, and latent disease outcomes.CitationBailey KA, Smith AH, Tokar EJ, Graziano JH, Kim KW, Navasumrit P, Ruchirawat M, Thiantanawat A, Suk WA, Fry RC. 2016. Mechanisms underlying latent disease risk associated with early-life arsenic exposure: current research trends and scientific gaps. Environ Health Perspect 124:170–175; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409360
An investigation into whether an “Obama effect” can be rekindled in 2020
Creators: name: Pasek, Michael
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Please see OSF storage for preregistration. Note, this is an amended preregistration incorporating minor edits from a member of the research team. Edits were made prior to data analysis during data collection one day after the original preregistration was filed.
Mutagenicity and Pollutant Emission Factors of Solid-Fuel Cookstoves: Comparison with Other Combustion Sources
Creators: name: Dye, Janice A.
name: Warren, Sarah H.
name: Mutlu, Esra
name: Ebersviller, Seth M.
name: Demarini, David M.
name: Kooter, Ingeborg M.
name: Jetter, James J.
name: Ian Gilmour,
name: Higuchi, Mark
name: Linak, William P.
name: Schmid, Judith E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Emissions from solid fuels used for cooking cause ~4 million premature deaths per year. Advanced solid-fuel cookstoves are a potential solution, but they should be assessed by appropriate performance indicators, including biological effects.

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated two categories of solid-fuel cookstoves for eight pollutant and four mutagenicity emission factors, correlated the mutagenicity emission factors, and compared them to those of other combustion emissions.

METHODS: We burned red oak in a 3-stone fire (TSF), a natural-draft stove (NDS), and a forced-draft stove (FDS), and we combusted propane as a liquified petroleum gas control fuel. We determined emission factors based on useful energy (megajoules delivered, MJd) for carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx), black carbon, methane, total hydrocarbons, 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PM2.5, levoglucosan (a wood-smoke marker), and mutagenicity in Salmonella.

RESULTS: With the exception of NOx, the emission factors per MJd were highly correlated (r ≥ 0.97); the correlation for NOx with the other emission factors was 0.58-0.76. Excluding NOx, the NDS and FDS reduced the emission factors an average of 68 and 92%, respectively, relative to the TSF. Nevertheless, the mutagenicity emission factor based on fuel energy used (MJthermal) for the most efficient stove (FDS) was between those of a large diesel bus engine and a small diesel generator.

CONCLUSIONS: Both mutagenicity and pollutant emission factors may be informative for characterizing cookstove performance. However, mutagenicity emission factors may be especially useful for characterizing potential health effects and should be evaluated in relation to health outcomes in future research. An FDS operated as intended by the manufacturer is safer than a TSF, but without adequate ventilation, it will still result in poor indoor air quality.

CITATION: Mutlu E, Warren SH, Ebersviller SM, Kooter IM, Schmid JE, Dye JA, Linak WP, Gilmour MI, Jetter JJ, Higuchi M, DeMarini DM. 2016. Mutagenicity and pollutant emission factors of solid-fuel cookstoves: comparison with other combustion sources. Environ Health Perspect 124:974-982; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509852.
An integrated sequence stratigraphic analysis of the early Marsdenian substage of the Millstone Grit Group, Central Pennines, UK
Creators: name: Brettle, Matthew J.
name: Waters, Colin N.
name: Atar, Elizabeth
name: Davies, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary material.
Coarse-grained modelling of strong DNA bending II: Cyclization
Creators: name: Harrison, Ryan M.
name: Romano, Flavio
name: Ouldridge, Thomas E.
name: Louis, Ard A.
name: Doye, Jonathan P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: DNA cyclization is a powerful technique to gain insight into the nature of DNA bending. The worm-like chain model provides a good description of small to moderate bending fluctuations, but some experiments on strongly-bent shorter molecules suggest enhanced flexibility over and above that expected from the worm-like chain. Here, we use a coarse-grained model of DNA to investigate the thermodynamics of DNA cyclization for molecules with less than 210 base pairs. As the molecules get shorter we find increasing deviations between our computed equilibrium j-factor and the worm-like chain predictions of Shimada and Yamakawa. These deviations are due to sharp kinking, first at nicks, and only subsequently in the body of the duplex. At the shortest lengths, substantial fraying at the ends of duplex domains is the dominant method of relaxation. We also estimate the dynamic j-factor measured in recent FRET experiments. We find that the dynamic j-factor is systematically larger than its equilibrium counterpart, with the deviation larger for shorter molecules, because not all the stress present in the fully cyclized state is present in the transition state. These observations are important for the interpretation of recent experiments, as only kinking within the body of the duplex is genuinely indicative of non-worm-like chain behaviour.
Thinking outside the box: Rethinking the Thermal Design of Duct Banks
Creators: name: Kumar, Krishna
name: Mohtar, Chadi
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geotechnical Engineering
subject: Civil and Environmental Engineering
subject: Engineering
subject: conduction
subject: convection
subject: duct bank design
subject: heat transfer

description: # Feasibility study of heat transfer through convection for underground duct banks Research Purpose: Worldwide, the underground cabling market is projected to be worth over $19 billion by 2024. The current industry approach for sizing power and data cables in underground duct banks rely either on IEC 60287 or the Neher and McGrath (1957) equations. The sizing design equations consider in detail the electrical load characteristics and thermal conductivity of different sections of the cable materials and are controlled by the heat generated and the ability of the system to dissipate the heat. The heat generated in the data cable has to be dissipated by transferring the heat to the surrounding soil and eventually lost to the air. The current design guidelines and protocols account for only conductive heat dissipation through the soil and disregard the convective heat dissipation. The purpose of this research is to systematically generate the necessary experimental and numerical simulations to assess the impact of this oversight on the overall design of underground duct banks and its impact on their design, cost, and performance with the ultimate goal of modifying the current construction codes accordingly.
Masterarbeit_2020_Karabacak, master thesis, University of Graz
Creators: name: Karabacak, Ayse
name: Hollenstein, Julia
name: Corcoran, Katja
name: Brohmer, Hilmar
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: motto ziele
subject: s.m.a.r.t. ziele
subject: zielerreichung

description: Ziel der Untersuchung ist es, die Auswirkung von zwei Zielarten (Motto versus S.M.A.R.T.- Ziele) in Bezug auf die Zielerreichung bzw. deren Einfluss auf die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bzw. auf die Zielbindung, zu untersuchen.
Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Fetal Growth: Pooled Results from Four Longitudinal Birth Cohort Studies
Creators: name: Chen, Jia
name: Barr, Dana Boyd
name: Lanphear, Bruce P.
name: Bradman, Asa
name: Whyatt, Robin M.
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Hornung, Richard W.
name: Eskenazi, Brenda
name: Holland, Nina T.
name: Harley, Kim G.
name: Wetmur, James G.
name: Vedar, Michelle G.
name: Wolff, Mary S.
name: Perera, Frederica P.
name: Yolton, Kimberly
name: Rauh, Virginia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Organophosphorous (OP) pesticides are associated with reduced fetal growth in animals, but human studies are inconsistent.

OBJECTIVES: We pooled data from four cohorts to examine associations of prenatal OP exposure with birth weight (n = 1,169), length (n = 1,152), and head circumference (n = 1,143).

METHODS: Data were from the CHAMACOS, HOME, Columbia, and Mount Sinai birth cohorts. Concentrations of three diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) and three dimethyl phosphate (ΣDMP) metabolites of OP pesticides [summed to six dialkyl phosphates (ΣDAPs)] were measured in maternal urine. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to examine associations with birth outcomes.

RESULTS: We found no significant associations of ΣDEP, ΣDMP, or ΣDAPs with birth weight, length, or head circumference overall. However, among non-Hispanic black women, increasing urinary ΣDAP and ΣDMP concentrations were associated with decreased birth length (β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.0 and β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.8, 0.0, respectively, for each 10-fold increase in metabolite concentration). Among infants with the PON1192RR genotype, ΣDAP and ΣDMP were negatively associated with length (β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.0 and β = -0.5 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.1).

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previously reported associations of prenatal OP exposure among black women with decreased infant size at birth, but finds no evidence of smaller birth weight, length, or head circumference among whites or Hispanics. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found stronger inverse associations of DAPs and birth outcome in infants with the less susceptible PON1192RR genotype. The large pooled data set facilitated exploration of interactions by race/ethnicity and PON1 genotype, but was limited by differences in study populations.

CITATION: Harley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. 2016. Prenatal exposure to organophosphorous pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environ Health Perspect 124:1084-1092; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409362.
The efficacy of a consumer behaviour intervention delivered via online canteens on improving primary school student purchases of foods & drinks at recess: A cluster randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Delaney, Tessa
name: Wyse, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Community Health and Preventive Medicine

description: School canteens represent an ideal setting in which to deliver public health nutrition strategies given their wide reach, frequent use and access by children. Online lunch ordering services in school canteens represent an attractive opportunity to deliver public health interventions to improve healthy canteen purchases at scale with high fidelity. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of an online intervention in reducing the total energy, saturated fat, sodium and sugar content of online recess purchases for primary school students. The study employed a cluster randomised controlled trial design, with schools currently using an online canteen ordering system randomised to receive either the intervention or control (standard online ordering only). The intervention included evidence-based strategies shown to influence healthy food purchasing (availability, menu labelling, placement and prompting) over a 2-month period. The intervention will be assessed through between group comparison of nutritional analysis of purchasing data automatically recorded by the online ordering system.
Summary of Container Hackathon Experiences (D2.8)
Creators: name: Sawyer, William
name: Benedicic, Lucas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: ESiWACE2
HPC
Climate Modelling
Docker
Containerization

description: Atmosphere and ocean models are characterised by complex dependencies, external configurations, and performance requirements. The objective to containerise such software stacks helps to provide a consistent environment to ensure security, portability and performance. Since the container is built only once, but then can be deployed on multiple platforms, productivity is increased. ETH Zurich (ETHZ) has organised and carried out a "hackathon" (programming session) to help ESiWACE community scientists create containers for their Earth-system models. Seven teams joined the hackathon, and each team was assigned a mentor with extensive container experience. The teams were given the challenge to get as far as they could in containerising their model, and, if possible, to analyse performance at scale on the Piz Daint computing platform at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS). The teams made faster progress on their containers than even we organisers anticipated. Although many of the participants had never created a container previously, every team managed to complete and a run containerised version of its model, and some teams were able to benchmark on hundreds of computing nodes on Piz Daint. This report summarises the experiences made by the individual teams at the hackathon and draws some conclusions about the viability of 'kick-starting' containerisation efforts with such an intense programming event.
Prenatal Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure and Child Neurodevelopment at 24 Months: An Analysis of Four Birth Cohorts
Creators: name: Xu, Yingying
name: Wetmur, James G.
name: Wolff, Mary S.
name: Hornung, Richard W.
name: Yolton, Kimberly
name: Whyatt, Robin M.
name: Lanphear, Bruce P.
name: Chen, Jia
name: Yang, Jenny H.
name: Harley, Kim G.
name: Rauh, Virginia A.
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Holland, Nina T.
name: Hoepner, Lori A.
name: Vedar, Michelle G.
name: Perera, Frederica P.
name: Barr, Dana Boyd
name: Eskenazi, Brenda
name: Bradman, Asa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are used in agriculture worldwide. Residential use was common in the United States before 2001.

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a pooled analysis of four birth cohorts (children's centers; n = 936) to evaluate associations of prenatal exposure to OPs with child development at 24 months.

METHODS: Using general linear models, we computed site-specific and pooled estimates of the association of total dialkyl (ΣDAP), diethyl (ΣDEP), and dimethylphosphate (ΣDMP) metabolite concentrations in maternal prenatal urine with mental and psychomotor development indices (MDI/PDI) and evaluated heterogeneity by children's center, race/ethnicity, and PON1 genotype.

RESULTS: There was significant heterogeneity in the center-specific estimates of association for ΣDAP and ΣDMP and the MDI (p = 0.09, and p = 0.05, respectively), as well as heterogeneity in the race/ethnicity-specific estimates for ΣDAP (p = 0.06) and ΣDMP (p = 0.02) and the MDI. Strong MDI associations in the CHAMACOS population per 10-fold increase in ΣDAP (β = -4.17; 95% CI: -7.00, -1.33) and ΣDMP (β = -3.64; 95% CI: -5.97, -1.32) were influential, as were associations among Hispanics (β per 10-fold increase in ΣDAP = -2.91; 95% CI: -4.71, -1.12). We generally found stronger negative associations of ΣDAP and ΣDEP with the 24-month MDI for carriers of the 192Q PON1 allele, particularly among blacks and Hispanics.

CONCLUSIONS: Data pooling was complicated by center-related differences in subject characteristics, eligibility, and changes in regulations governing residential use of OPs during the study periods. Pooled summary estimates of prenatal exposure to OPs and neurodevelopment should be interpreted with caution because of significant heterogeneity in associations by center, race/ethnicity, and PON1 genotype. Subgroups with unique exposure profiles or susceptibilities may be at higher risk for adverse neurodevelopment following prenatal exposure.

CITATION: Engel SM, Bradman A, Wolff MS, Rauh VA, Harley KG, Yang JH, Hoepner LA, Barr DB, Yolton K, Vedar MG, Xu Y, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Perera FP, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Eskenazi B. 2016. Prenatal organophosphorus pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment at 24 months: an analysis of four birth cohorts. Environ Health Perspect 124:822-830; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409474.
The Effect of Messaging on Recruitment, Enrollment, and Participation in a Digital Anxiety Intervention
Creators: name: Silverman, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This project will examine the effects of message conditions on rates of site visits, enrollment, and participation in a digital anxiety intervention.
The hunt for the Age of Acquisition effect: It’s in the links!
Creators: name: Elsherif, Mahmoud
name: Catling, Jon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: age of acquisition
subject: picture naming
subject: subtraction
subject: verification
subject: word naming

description: This repository contains data and supplementary measurements relating to the study 'The hunt for the Age of Acquisition effect: It's in the links!' (Elsherif & Catling, 2020). Within this repository is: 1) The complete dataset for the control participants in category verification and naming experiments and groups for each variable. 2) Materials relating to Supplementary measurements as part of this study, analyses and experiments) Has supplemental materials for Catling, J. C., & Elsherif, M. M. (2020). The hunt for the age of acquisition effect: It's in the links!. Acta Psychologica, 209, 103138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103138
Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Childhood Fat Mass in a New York City Cohort
Creators: name: Richardson, David B.
name: Buckley, Jessie P.
name: Mendez, Michelle A.
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Calafat, Antonia M.
name: Wolff, Mary S.
name: Daniels, Julie L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Background:Experimental animal studies and limited epidemiologic evidence suggest that prenatal exposure to phthalates may be obesogenic, with potential sex-specific effects of phthalates having anti-androgenic activity.Objectives:We aimed to assess associations between prenatal phthalate exposures and childhood fat mass in a prospective cohort study.Methods:We measured phthalate metabolite concentrations in third-trimester maternal urine in a cohort of women enrolled in New York City between 1998 and 2002 (n = 404). Among 180 children (82 girls and 98 boys), we evaluated body composition using a Tanita scale at multiple follow-up visits between ages 4 and 9 years (363 total visits). We estimated associations of standard deviation differences or tertiles of natural log phthalate metabolite concentrations with percent fat mass using linear mixed-effects regression models with random intercepts for repeated outcome measurements. We assessed associations in multiple metabolite models and adjusted for covariates including prepregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and breastfeeding.Results:We did not observe associations between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and percent body fat in models examining continuous exposures. Fat mass was 3.06% (95% CI: –5.99, –0.09%) lower among children in the highest tertile of maternal urinary concentrations of summed di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) metabolites than in children in the lowest tertile. Though estimates were imprecise, there was little evidence that associations between maternal urinary phthalate concentrations and percent fat mass were modified by child’s sex.Conclusions:Prenatal phthalate exposures were not associated with increased body fat among children 4–9 years of age, though high prenatal DEHP exposure may be associated with lower fat mass in childhood.Citation:Buckley JP, Engel SM, Mendez MA, Richardson DB, Daniels JL, Calafat AM, Wolff MS, Herring AH. 2016. Prenatal phthalate exposures and childhood fat mass in a New York City cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:507–513; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509788
Efficient computation of capillary-gravity generalized solitary waves
Creators: name: Dutykh, Denys
name: Clamond, Didier
name: Duran, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is devoted to the computation of capillary-gravity solitary waves of the irrotational incompressible Euler equations with free surface. The numerical study is a continuation of a previous work in several points: an alternative formulation of the Babenko-type equation for the wave profiles, a detailed description of both the numerical resolution and the analysis of the internal flow structure under a solitary wave. The numerical code used in this study is provided in open source for those interested readers.
description: 26 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables, 43 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1411.5519
title: Impact of CT configuration parameter on reduction function of x-ray exposure to front surface
Creators: name: Yamazaki, Shouichi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Dosimetry
subject: CT
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: X-CARE, equipped on CT scanners from SIEMENS, is a system for reducing exposure dose to the front surface ofexaminee [1,2,3]. However the relationship between the dose reduced volume and the set parameters was not clarified. We have researched the...
MPEC 2023-F195 : 2023 FR6
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FR6

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Reducing Emergency Department Visits for Acute Gastrointestinal Illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by Extending Community Water Service
Creators: name: Gibson, Jacqueline Macdonald
name: Defelice, Nicholas B.
name: Johnston, Jill E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: BACKGROUND: Previous analyses have suggested that unregulated private drinking water wells carry a higher risk of exposure to microbial contamination than regulated community water systems. In North Carolina, ~35% of the state's population relies on private wells, but the health impact associated with widespread reliance on such unregulated drinking water sources is unknown.

OBJECTIVES: We estimated the total number of emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to microbial contamination in private wells in North Carolina per year, the costs of those visits, and the potential health benefits of extending regulated water service to households currently relying on private wells for their drinking water.

METHODS: We developed a population intervention model using 2007-2013 data from all 122 North Carolina emergency departments along with microbial contamination data for all 2,120 community water systems and for 16,138 private well water samples collected since 2008.

RESULTS: An estimated 29,400 (95% CI: 26,600, 32,200) emergency department visits per year for acute gastrointestinal illness were attributable to microbial contamination in drinking water, constituting approximately 7.3% (95% CI: 6.6, 7.9%) of all AGI-related visits. Of these attributable cases, 99% (29,200; 95% CI: 26,500, 31,900) were associated with private well contamination. The estimated statewide annual cost of emergency department visits attributable to microbiological contamination of drinking water is 40.2 million USD (95% CI: 2.58 million USD, 193 million USD), of which 39.9 million USD (95% CI: 2.56 million USD, 192 million USD) is estimated to arise from private well contamination. An estimated 2,920 (95% CI: 2,650, 3,190) annual emergency department visits could be prevented by extending community water service to 10% of the population currently relying on private wells.

CONCLUSIONS: This research provides new evidence that extending regulated community water service to populations currently relying on private wells may decrease the population burden of acute gastrointestinal illness.

CITATION: DeFelice NB, Johnston JE, Gibson JM. 2016. Reducing emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illnesses in North Carolina (USA) by extending community water service. Environ Health Perspect 124:1583-1591; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP160.
Polizeieinsatz an unserer Akademie; 1968
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: Schah-Regime

description: Enthält u. a.: Mitteilung und Kritik des Allgemeinen Studentenausschuss der Akademie Werkkunst und Mode (AWM) über den polizeilischen rauswurf persischer Kommilitonen bei einer Unterschriftensammlung für im Iran inhaftierte Studenten durch den Rektor der AWM.- Schah-Regime. 1 Seite. S/w.
Evolution of Weyl functions and initial-boundary value problems
Creators: name: Sakhnovich, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34A55, 34B20, 35F46, 35F61, 35G61, 35N30, 37K15

description: This review is dedicated to some recent results on Weyl theory, inverse problems, evolution of the Weyl functions and applications to integrable wave equations in a semistrip and quarter-plane. For overdetermined initial-boundary value problems, we consider some approaches, which help to reduce the number of the initial-boundary conditions. The interconnections between dynamical and spectral Dirac systems, between response and Weyl functions are studied as well.
description: This paper is a review of recent results, including results from our papers: arXiv:1112.1325, arXiv:1401.3605, arXiv:1403.8111, arXiv:1405.3500 and arXiv:1507.00032