The Physical Properties of Gravitational Waves Based on “Universal Equilibrium”
Creators: name: Vegt, Wim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 510105
subject: General relativity and gravitational waves
classificationCode: 490205
subject: Mathematical aspects of quantum and conformal field theory, quantum gravity and string theory

description: “Universal Equilibrium” is the Mathematical Foundation of this new theory. The transport of energy through space and time is always a transport in a multi- dimensional space-time continuum. An electric field cannot be transported in space like a magnetic field cannot be transported in space without its relativistic counterpart. Electric fields and Magnetic fields are each other’s counterpart. For this reason a transport of electric- or magnetic energy will always be observed as an electromagnetic wave. In a comparable way a gravitational field cannot be transported in space without its relativistic counterpart. The relativistic counterpart of gravitational fields has not been discovered yet but according this theory this we be matter of time.This new theory will demonstrate that it is impossible to transport electric energy without its relativistic counterpart (magnetic fields) and that it is impossible to transport magnetic energy without its relativistic counterpart (electric fields). For this reason it is impossible to transport gravitational energy without its relativistic counterpart (relativistic transformed gravitational fields). (equations 111 and 112)The foundation for the Theory of General Relativity is the Riemannian Mathematics for curved 4-dimensional Manifolds. Based on this mathematics Einstein predicted correctly the deflection of light by the gravitational field of the sun, observed in the Eddington Experiment in 1919 during a total solar eclipse.In theoretical physics, the problem of time is a conceptual conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics regards the flow of time as universal and absolute, whereas general relativity regards the flow of time as malleable and relative.The theory of General Relativity correctly does not predict an increase or decrease of the speed of light within a gravitational field. Because within the (gravitational) curvature of space and time, the intervals for the space coordinates and time coordinate do not change. Only the direction of the beam of light has been changed, following the (by a gravitational field caused) curved space-time path. For this reason the Theory of General Relativity predicts a constant value for the frequency of the light following a curved space-time path [37], [41]. Because the time intervals and he space interval do not change within the curvature. A straight line being transformed into a circle does not get shorter or longer. Only the Lorentz time-dilation and the Lorentz space contraction have to be taken into account. The Lorentz contraction and time dilation can be neglected in the experiments for Gravitational Redshift.All publications related to the well observed effects of “Gravitational RedShift/ Blueshift” within a gravitational field explain this effect by the frequency shift due to the shift in potential energy within a gravitational field. The proportional relationship between (potential) energy and frequency is Planck’s law and has nothing to do with the theory of general relativity. The observed effects of Gravitational Redshift is in contradiction with the Theory of General Relativity. Because a curved space-time geometry does not change the time intervals and does not change the space intervals within a gravitational field. Only the direction of the beam of light will change and follow the curved 4-dimensional space-time geometry. A change of the magnitude of the speed of light has never been observed within gravitational fields.The only theory which predicts Gravitational Redshift correctly, with margins smaller than 15 digits beyond the decimal point, is the new theory presented in this article.The “Gravitational RedShift” [2, 5] between an observatory on Earth (R<sub>adius</sub> = 6 10<sup>6</sup> [m]) and a Satellite in a Galileo Orbit (R<sub>adius</sub> = 23222 10<sup>3 </sup>[m]) according “Planck’s law” (incorrectly mentioned as “General Relativity” in the publications):The “Gravitational RedShift” [2, 5] between an observatory on Earth (R<sub>adius</sub> = 6 10<sup>6</sup> [m]) and a Satellite in a Galileo Orbit (R<sub>adius</sub> = 23222 10<sup>3</sup> [m]) according the “New Theory”:Both values are always within the measured Gravitational RedShift in all observations being published since the first observation of the gravitational redshift in the spectral lines from the White Dwarf which was the measurement of the shift of the star Sirius B, the white dwarf companion to the star Sirius, by W.S. Adams in 1925 at Mt. Wilson Observatory.