cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Programmed genome rearrangements in Oxytricha produce transcriptionally active extrachromosomal circular DNA
Creators: name: Yerlici, V. Talya
name: Lu, Michael W.
name: Hoge, Carla R.
name: Miller, Richard V.
name: Neme, Rafik
name: Khurana, Jaspreet S.
name: Bracht, John
name: Landweber, Laura F.
Publisher: name: Nucleic Acids Research
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is both a driver of eukaryotic genome instability and a product of programmed genome rearrangements, but its extent had not been surveyed in Oxytricha, a ciliate with elaborate DNA elimination and translocation during development. Here, we captured rearrangement-specific circular DNA molecules across the genome to gain insight into its processes of programmed genome rearrangement. We recovered thousands of circularly excised Tc1/mariner-type transposable elements and high confidence non-repetitive germline-limited loci. We verified their bona fide circular topology using circular DNA deep-sequencing, 2D gel electrophoresis and inverse polymerase chain reaction. In contrast to the precise circular excision of transposable elements, we report widespread heterogeneity in the circular excision of non-repetitive germline-limited loci. We also demonstrate that circular DNAs are transcribed in Oxytricha, producing rearrangement-specific long non-coding RNAs. The programmed formation of thousands of eccDNA molecules makes Oxytricha a model system for studying nucleic acid topology. It also suggests involvement of eccDNA in programmed genome rearrangement.
T-square resistivity without Umklapp scattering in dilute metallic Bi$_2$O$_2$Se
Creators: name: Wang, Jialu
name: Wu, Jing
name: Wang, Tao
name: Xu, Zhuokai
name: Wu, Jifeng
name: Hu, Wanghua
name: Ren, Zhi
name: Liu, Shi
name: Behnia, Kamran
name: Lin, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrical resistivity of Fermi liquids (FLs) displays a quadratic temperature ($T$) dependence because of electron-electron (e-e) scattering. For such collisions to decay the charge current, there are two known mechanisms: inter-band scattering (identified by Baber) and Umklapp events. However, dilute metallic strontium titanate (STO) was found to display $T^2$ resistivity in absence of either of these two mechanisms. The presence of soft phonons and their possible role as scattering centers raised the suspicion that $T$-square resistivity in STO is not due to e-e scattering. Here, we present the case of Bi$_2$O$_2$Se, a layered semiconductor with hard phonons, which becomes a dilute metal with a small single-component Fermi surface upon doping. It displays $T$-square resistivity well below the degeneracy temperature where neither Umklapp nor interband scattering is conceivable. We observe a universal scaling between the prefactor of $T^2$ resistivity and the Fermi energy, which is an extension of the Kadowaki-Woods plot to dilute metals. Our results imply the absence of a satisfactory theoretical basis for the ubiquity of e-e driven $T$-square resistivity in Fermi liquids.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Condensation in an Economic Model with Brand Competition
Creators: name: Casillas, L.
name: Espinosa, F. J.
name: Huerta-Quintanilla, R.
name: Rodriguez-Achach, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We present a linear agent based model on brand competition. Each agent belongs to one of the two brands and interacts with its nearest neighbors. In the process the agent can decide to change to the other brand if the move is beneficial. The numerical simulations show that the systems always condenses into a state when all agents belong to a single brand. We study the condensation times for different parameters of the model and the influence of different mechanisms to avoid condensation, like anti monopoly rules and brand fidelity.
description: Accepted in: International Journal of Modern Physics C
Supplemental Material, Earnings Distributions of Scalable vs. Non-Scalable Occupations
Creators: name: Silva, Sergio Da
name: Matsushita, Raul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 20304 Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Supplemental Material with R code (Appendix 1) and OLS and ML estimates of the Pareto exponents from the Pareto type I distribution (Appendix 2).
Impact of global budget revenue policy on emergency department efficiency in the state of Maryland
Creators: name: Ren, Ai
name: Golden, Bruce L.
name: Alt, Frank
name: Wasil, Edward
name: Bjarnadóttir, Margrét V.
name: Hirshon, Jon Mark
name: Pimentel, Laura
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: INTRODUCTION: On January 1, 2014, the State of Maryland implemented the Global Budget Revenue (GBR) program. We investigate the impact of GBR on length of stay (LOS) for inpatients in emergency departments (ED) in Maryland. METHODS: We used the Hospital Compare data reports from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and CMS Cost Reports Hospital Form 2552-10 from January 1, 2012-March 31, 2016, with GBR hospitals from Maryland and hospitals from West Virginia (WV), Delaware (DE), and Rhode Island (RI). We implemented difference-in-differences analysis and investigated the impact of GBR implementation on the LOS or ED1b scores of Maryland hospitals using a mixed-effects model with a state-level fixed effect, a hospital-level random effect, and state-level heterogeneity. RESULTS: The GBR impact estimator was 9.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.06 to 11.87, p-value<0.001) for Maryland GBR hospitals, which implies, on average, that GBR implementation added 9.47 minutes per year to the time that hospital inpatients spent in the ED in the first two years after GBR implementation. The effect of the total number of hospital beds was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.089 to 0.330, p-value = 0 .001), which suggests that the bigger the hospital, the longer the ED1b score. The state-level fixed effects for WV were -106.96 (95% CI, -175.06 to -38.86, p-value = 0.002), for DE it was 6.51 (95% CI, -8.80 to 21.82, p-value=0.405), and for RI it was -54.48 (95% CI, -82.85 to -26.10, p-value<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that GBR implementation has had a statistically significant negative impact on the efficiency measure ED1b of Maryland hospital EDs from January 2014 to April 2016. We also found that the significant state-level fixed effect implies that the same inpatient might experience different ED processing times in each of the four states that we studied.
BLOG: Two ways you can help ORCID learn about what you want next!
Creators: name: Haak Laurel
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ORCID is looking for researchers and scholars to help us understand how they think about how they are connected to their work.
BLOG: What is up with ORCID and ROR?
Creators: name: Haak Laurel
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ORCID was an early adopter of organization identifiers. We currently support organization IDs from five registries, and have RORs on our roadmap.
Halo Model Analysis of Cluster Statistics
Creators: name: Rozo, Eduardo
name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Frieman, Joshua A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the halo model formalism to provide expressions for cluster abundances and bias, as well as estimates for the correlation matrix between these observables. Off-diagonal elements due to scatter in the mass tracer scaling with mass are included, as are observational effects such as biases/scatter in the data, detection rates (completeness), and false detections (purity). We apply the formalism to a hypothetical volume limited optical survey where the cluster mass tracer is chosen to be the number of member galaxies assigned to a cluster. Such a survey can strongly constrain $σ_8$ ($Δσ_8\approx 0.05$), the power law index $α$ where $= 1+(m/M_1)^α$ ($Δα\approx0.03$), and perhaps even the Hubble parameter ($Δh\approx 0.07$). We find cluster abundances and bias not well suited for constraining $Ω_m$ or the amplitude $M_1$. We also find that without bias information $σ_8$ and $α$ are degenerate, implying constraints on the former are strongly dependent on priors used for the latter and vice-versa. The degeneracy stems from an intrinsic scaling relation of the halo mass function, and hence it should be present regardless of the mass tracer used in the survey.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures, references added
Regularization by $\varepsilon$-metric. II. Limit $\varepsilon = + 0$
Creators: name: Ivashchuk, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a wide class of propagators regularized by the $\varepsilon$-metric [1], the $R$-operation is formulated. It is proved that the limit of renormalized Feynman integrals exists and is covariant. Possible applications in gravity are discussed. (The paper is an English translation of the second of two articles in Russian published by the author in 1987-88: V.D. Ivashchuk, Regularization by $\varepsilon$-metric. II. Limit $\varepsilon = +0$, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Moldavskoy SSR, Ser. fiziko-tekhnicheskih i matematicheskih nauk, No. 1, p. 10-20 (1988) [in Russian] .)
description: 18 pages + 2 pages of additional references, MS WORD. The paper is an English translation of the second of two articles in Russian published by the author in 1987-88
Teacher Interviews - Post-program followup
Creators: name: S. Luke Flory
name: Keel, Julia
name: Dehlia Albrecht
name: Fahey, Catherine
name: Kendig, Amy
name: Stofer, Kathryn
name: Watts, Joseph V.
name: Radyn Hall
name: Petri, Tabitha
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2024

description: https://portal.nifa.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/1025670-collaborative-curriculum-design-for-authentic-agriscience-literacy.html
Impact of global budget revenue policy on emergency department efficiency in the state of Maryland
Creators: name: Ren, Ai
name: Golden, Bruce L.
name: Alt, Frank
name: Wasil, Edward
name: Bjarnadóttir, Margrét V.
name: Hirshon, Jon Mark
name: Pimentel, Laura
Publisher: name: The Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences

description: INTRODUCTION: On January 1, 2014, the State of Maryland implemented the Global Budget Revenue (GBR) program. We investigate the impact of GBR on length of stay (LOS) for inpatients in emergency departments (ED) in Maryland. METHODS: We used the Hospital Compare data reports from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and CMS Cost Reports Hospital Form 2552-10 from January 1, 2012-March 31, 2016, with GBR hospitals from Maryland and hospitals from West Virginia (WV), Delaware (DE), and Rhode Island (RI). We implemented difference-in-differences analysis and investigated the impact of GBR implementation on the LOS or ED1b scores of Maryland hospitals using a mixed-effects model with a state-level fixed effect, a hospital-level random effect, and state-level heterogeneity. RESULTS: The GBR impact estimator was 9.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.06 to 11.87, p-value<0.001) for Maryland GBR hospitals, which implies, on average, that GBR implementation added 9.47 minutes per year to the time that hospital inpatients spent in the ED in the first two years after GBR implementation. The effect of the total number of hospital beds was 0.21 (95% CI, 0.089 to 0.330, p-value = 0 .001), which suggests that the bigger the hospital, the longer the ED1b score. The state-level fixed effects for WV were -106.96 (95% CI, -175.06 to -38.86, p-value = 0.002), for DE it was 6.51 (95% CI, -8.80 to 21.82, p-value=0.405), and for RI it was -54.48 (95% CI, -82.85 to -26.10, p-value<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that GBR implementation has had a statistically significant negative impact on the efficiency measure ED1b of Maryland hospital EDs from January 2014 to April 2016. We also found that the significant state-level fixed effect implies that the same inpatient might experience different ED processing times in each of the four states that we studied.
Study of the decay asymmetry parameter and CP violation parameter in the Lambdac+ --> Lambda pi+ decay
Creators: name: Link, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data from the FOCUS (E831) experiment at Fermilab, we present a new measurement of the weak decay-asymmetry parameter alpha(Lambdac) in Lambdac --> Lambda pi decay. Comparing particle with antiparticle decays, we obtain the first measurement of the CP violation parameter : A = [alpha(Lambdac)+alpha(antiLambda_c)]/[alpha(Lambdac)-alpha(antiLambda_c)]. We obtain alpha(Lambdac)=-0.78+-0.16+-0.13 and A = -0.07+-0.19+-0.12 where errors are statistical and systematic.
description: 18 pages, to be submitted to Phys. Lett. B For a list of the FOCUS collaboration, see http://www-focus.fnal.gov/authors.html
Additional file 1 of Nurse-led self-management support after organ transplantation—protocol of a multicentre, stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: van Zanten, Regina
name: van Dijk, Monique
name: van Rosmalen, Joost
name: Beck, Denise
name: Zietse, Robert
name: Van Hecke, Ann
name: van Staa, AnneLoes
name: Massey, Emma K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplement A.
CKM matrix and CP violation in B-mesons
Creators: name: Vysotsky, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planned as a review of CPV in B-mesons which covered recent B-factories results these lectures appeared to be a bit wider. It is not natural to be limited by direct CPV and that in mixing in B-mesons and not to speak about the analogous phenomena in K-mesons since it is very useful and interesting to study what is common and what is different in these systems and why. CKM matrix elements are extracted from K and B mixings and decays and the deviation from unitarity of CKM matrix may become a place in which New Physics will show up. So we discuss this simple and elegant piece of Standard Model as well.
description: 51 pages, 10 figures, to be published in the Proceedings of the XXXI ITEP Winter School, Moscow, Russia, 18-26 February 2003
Bureaucracy and the failure of politics : challenges to democratic governance
Creators: name: Meier, Kenneth
name: Compton, Mallory E.
name: Polga-Hecimovich, John
name: Song, Miyeon
name: Wimpy, Cameron
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Bureaucratic reforms worldwide seek to improve the quality of governance. In this article, we argue that the major governance failures are political, not bureaucratic, and the first step to better governance is to recognize the underlying political causes. Using illustrations from throughout the world, we contend that political institutions fail to provide clear policy goals, rarely allocate adequate resources to deal with the scope of the problems, and do not allow the bureaucracy sufficient autonomy in implementation. Rational bureaucratic responses to these problems, in turn, create additional governance problems that could have been avoided if political institutions perform their primary functions.
Loop Fayet-Iliopoulos terms in $T^2/Z_2$ models: instability and moduli stabilization
Creators: name: Abe, Hiroyuki
name: Kobayashi, Tatsuo
name: Uemura, Shohei
name: Yamamoto, Junji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Fayet-Iliopoulos (FI) terms of six-dimensional supersymmetric Abelian gauge theory compactified on a $T^2/Z_2$ orbifold. Such orbifold compactifications can lead to localized FI-terms and instability of bulk zero modes. We study 1-loop correction to FI-terms in more general geometry than the previous works. We find induced FI-terms depend on the complex structure of the compact space. We also find the complex structure of the torus can be stabilized at a specific value corresponding to a self-consistent supersymmetric minimum of the potential by such 1-loop corrections, which is applicable to the modulus stabilization.
description: 28 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 2 of Nurse-led self-management support after organ transplantation—protocol of a multicentre, stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: van Zanten, Regina
name: van Dijk, Monique
name: van Rosmalen, Joost
name: Beck, Denise
name: Zietse, Robert
name: Van Hecke, Ann
name: van Staa, AnneLoes
name: Massey, Emma K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplement B.
Bureaucracy and the failure of politics : challenges to democratic governance
Creators: name: Meier, Kenneth
name: Compton, Mallory E.
name: Polga-Hecimovich, John
name: Song, Miyeon
name: Wimpy, Cameron
Publisher: name: Administration and Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Bureaucratic reforms worldwide seek to improve the quality of governance. In this article, we argue that the major governance failures are political, not bureaucratic, and the first step to better governance is to recognize the underlying political causes. Using illustrations from throughout the world, we contend that political institutions fail to provide clear policy goals, rarely allocate adequate resources to deal with the scope of the problems, and do not allow the bureaucracy sufficient autonomy in implementation. Rational bureaucratic responses to these problems, in turn, create additional governance problems that could have been avoided if political institutions perform their primary functions.
BLOG: https://orcid.org/blog/2020/03/25/two-ways-you-can-help-orcid-learn-about-what-you-want-next?ref=email
Creators: name: Haak Laurel
Publisher: name: ORCID
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Systems
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: ORCID is looking for researchers and scholars to help us understand how they think about how they are connected to their work.
Phi meson production in near threshold proton-nucleus collisions
Creators: name: Barz, H. W.
name: Zetenyi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross section for production of Phi mesons in proton-nucleus reactions is calculated as a function of the target mass. The decay width of the Phi meson is affected by the change of the masses of the Phi, K+ and K- mesons in the medium. A strong attractive K- potential leads to a measurable change of the behavior of the cross section as a function of of the target mass. Comparison between the kaon and electron decay modes are made.
description: 4 pages, 1figure, new figure, new references
Patient-provider communication about pregnancy and HIV among female sex workers living with HIV in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Cernigliaro, Dana
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Ángeles Jódar Pérez, Martha
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Health providers can play an important role in communication about pregnancy, particularly for women at increased risk for pregnancy complications, including female sex workers (FSWs) living with HIV. This study explored factors related to patient-provider communication about pregnancy among 253 FSWs living with HIV of reproductive age in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed including structured socio-behavioral surveys. Data were analyzed utilizing bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of the 253 FSWs living with HIV in this study, 95.7% had been pregnant at least once (median: 4; IQR: 3,6), 28.0% wanted more children and 36% reported a pregnancy after HIV diagnosis. Over half of participants (58.0%) reported having ever spoken to a health provider about pregnancy while living with HIV. Multivariate logistic regression found significant associations between having spoken to a health provider about HIV in pregnancy and a more positive perception of their provider (AOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.5) and years since HIV diagnosis (AOR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.1). Participants were less likely to speak with a provider if they had a history of drug use (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9) or current alcohol use (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9). Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of non-judgmental and tailored provider-initiated conversations surrounding pregnancy. Future research is needed to better understand how and when pregnancy communication is initiated, as well as the content of clinical care conversations, to address the reproductive health of FSWs living with HIV.
Cry Wolf: Toward an Experimentation Platform and Dataset for Human Factors in Cyber Security Analysis
Creators: name: Roden, William
name: Layman, Lucas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Computer network defense is a partnership between automated systems and human cyber security analysts. The system behaviors, for example raising a high proportion of false alarms, likely impact cyber analyst performance. Experimentation in the analyst-system domain is challenging due to lack of access to security experts, the usability of attack datasets, and the training required to use security analysis tools. This paper describes Cry Wolf, an open source web application for user studies of cyber security analysis tasks. This paper also provides an open-access dataset of 73 true and false Intrusion Detection System (IDS) alarms derived from real-world examples of "impossible travel" scenarios. Cry Wolf and the impossible travel dataset were used in an experiment on the impact of IDS false alarm rate on analysts' abilities to correctly classify IDS alerts as true or false alarms. Results from that experiment are used to evaluate the quality of the dataset using difficulty and discrimination index measures drawn from classical test theory. Many alerts in the dataset provide good discrimination for participants' overall task performance.
description: The definitive Version of Record was published in the 2020 ACM Southeast Conference (ACMSE 2020), April 2--4, 2020, Tampa, FL, USA
$D_s$ decays into $ϕ$ and $f_0(980)$ mesons
Creators: name: Bediaga, Ignacio
name: Nielsen, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the nonleptonic and semileptonic decays of $D_s$-mesons into $ϕ$ and $f_0(980)$ mesons. QCD sum rules are used to calculate the form factors associated with these decays, and the correspondig decay rates. On the basis of data on $D_s^+\toπ^+π^+π^-$, which goes dominantly via the transition $D_s^+\to π^+f_0(980)$, we conclude that there is space for a sizeable light quark component on $f_0(980)$.
description: 14 pages, RevTeX4 including 5 figures in ps files
Patient-provider communication about pregnancy and HIV among female sex workers living with HIV in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Creators: name: Cernigliaro, Dana
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Ángeles Jódar Pérez, Martha
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
Publisher: name: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background: Health providers can play an important role in communication about pregnancy, particularly for women at increased risk for pregnancy complications, including female sex workers (FSWs) living with HIV. This study explored factors related to patient-provider communication about pregnancy among 253 FSWs living with HIV of reproductive age in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed including structured socio-behavioral surveys. Data were analyzed utilizing bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Of the 253 FSWs living with HIV in this study, 95.7% had been pregnant at least once (median: 4; IQR: 3,6), 28.0% wanted more children and 36% reported a pregnancy after HIV diagnosis. Over half of participants (58.0%) reported having ever spoken to a health provider about pregnancy while living with HIV. Multivariate logistic regression found significant associations between having spoken to a health provider about HIV in pregnancy and a more positive perception of their provider (AOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.0, 2.5) and years since HIV diagnosis (AOR: 1.1; 95% CI: 1.0, 1.1). Participants were less likely to speak with a provider if they had a history of drug use (AOR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9) or current alcohol use (AOR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9). Conclusion: Findings highlight the importance of non-judgmental and tailored provider-initiated conversations surrounding pregnancy. Future research is needed to better understand how and when pregnancy communication is initiated, as well as the content of clinical care conversations, to address the reproductive health of FSWs living with HIV.
Multi giant graviton systems, SUSY breaking and CFT
Creators: name: Caldarelli, Marco M.
name: Silva, Pedro J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we describe giant gravitons in AdS_5 x S^5 moving along generic trajectories in AdS_5. The giant graviton dynamics is solved by proving that the D3-brane effective action reduces to that of a massive point particle in AdS_5 and therefore the solutions are in one to one correspondence with timelike geodesics of AdS_5. All these configurations are related via isometries of the background, which induce target space symmetries in the world volume theory of the D-brane. Hence, all these configurations preserve the same amount of supersymmetry as the original giant graviton, i.e. half of the maximal supersymmetry. Multiparticle configurations of two or more giant gravitons are also considered. In particular, a binary system preserving one quarter of the supersymmetries is found, providing a non trivial time-dependent supersymmetric solution. A short study on the dual CFT description of all the above states is given, including a derivation of the exact induced isometry map in the CFT side of the correspondence.
description: latex, 27+1 pages. v2: comment on mixing of states in section 4.3 added, reference added, typos corrected, final version
Are there shared neural correlates between dyslexia and ADHD? a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies
Creators: name: McGrath, Lauren M.
name: Stoodley, Catherine
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Dyslexia and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders (estimates of 25-40% bidirectional comorbidity). Previous work has identified strong genetic and cognitive overlap between the disorders, but neural overlap is relatively unexplored. This study is a systematic meta-analysis of existing voxel-based morphometry studies to determine whether there is any overlap in the gray matter correlates of both disorders. Methods: We conducted anatomic likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry studies in which individuals with dyslexia (15 studies; 417 cases, 416 controls) or ADHD (22 studies; 898 cases, 763 controls) were compared to typically developing controls. We generated ALE maps for dyslexia vs. controls and ADHD vs. controls using more conservative (p <.001, k = 50) and more lenient (p <.005, k = 50) thresholds. To determine the overlap of gray matter correlates of dyslexia and ADHD, we examined the statistical conjunction between the ALE maps for dyslexia vs. controls and ADHD vs. controls (false discovery rate [FDR] p <.05, k = 50, 5000 permutations). Results: Results showed largely distinct gray matter differences associated with dyslexia and ADHD. There was no evidence of statistically significant gray matter overlap at our conservative threshold, and only one region of overlap in the right caudate at our more lenient threshold. Reduced gray matter in the right caudate may be relevant to shared cognitive correlates in executive functioning and/or procedural learning. The more general finding of largely distinct regional differences in gray matter between dyslexia and ADHD suggests that other neuroimaging modalities may be more sensitive to overlapping neural correlates, and that current neuroimaging recruitment approaches may be hindering progress toward uncovering neural systems associated with comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study is the first to meta-analyze overlap between gray matter differences in dyslexia and ADHD, which is a critical step toward constructing a multi-level understanding of this comorbidity that spans the genetic, neural, and cognitive levels of analysis.
Are there shared neural correlates between dyslexia and ADHD? a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies
Creators: name: McGrath, Lauren M.
name: Stoodley, Catherine
Publisher: name: Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Dyslexia and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are highly comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders (estimates of 25-40% bidirectional comorbidity). Previous work has identified strong genetic and cognitive overlap between the disorders, but neural overlap is relatively unexplored. This study is a systematic meta-analysis of existing voxel-based morphometry studies to determine whether there is any overlap in the gray matter correlates of both disorders. Methods: We conducted anatomic likelihood estimate (ALE) meta-analyses of voxel-based morphometry studies in which individuals with dyslexia (15 studies; 417 cases, 416 controls) or ADHD (22 studies; 898 cases, 763 controls) were compared to typically developing controls. We generated ALE maps for dyslexia vs. controls and ADHD vs. controls using more conservative (p <.001, k = 50) and more lenient (p <.005, k = 50) thresholds. To determine the overlap of gray matter correlates of dyslexia and ADHD, we examined the statistical conjunction between the ALE maps for dyslexia vs. controls and ADHD vs. controls (false discovery rate [FDR] p <.05, k = 50, 5000 permutations). Results: Results showed largely distinct gray matter differences associated with dyslexia and ADHD. There was no evidence of statistically significant gray matter overlap at our conservative threshold, and only one region of overlap in the right caudate at our more lenient threshold. Reduced gray matter in the right caudate may be relevant to shared cognitive correlates in executive functioning and/or procedural learning. The more general finding of largely distinct regional differences in gray matter between dyslexia and ADHD suggests that other neuroimaging modalities may be more sensitive to overlapping neural correlates, and that current neuroimaging recruitment approaches may be hindering progress toward uncovering neural systems associated with comorbidity. Conclusions: The current study is the first to meta-analyze overlap between gray matter differences in dyslexia and ADHD, which is a critical step toward constructing a multi-level understanding of this comorbidity that spans the genetic, neural, and cognitive levels of analysis.
title: Functional analysis of RAC1B during neuronal development
Creators: name: Albertinazzi, Chiara
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: Neurite extension requires the concerted action of a number of events including actin polymerization at the growth cone, formation of new adhesive sites to the substrate, and membrane addition, to extend the surface of the elongating neurite. The small GTPase Rac IB, identified from developing chicken retina, is specifically expressed during neural development, and overexpression of Rac IB in embryonic retinal neurons specifically stimulates neurite extension and branching (Albertinazzi et al., 1998). Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms which coordinate Rac IB-mediated neurite extension. In order to study in detail this mechanism in an in vivo system, recombinant embryonic stem cells (ES) for the deletion of mouse Rac IB gene were produced. ES cells from four independent clones that resulted positive for the deletion of mouse Rac IB gene were microinjected in blastocysts, and chimeric mice were generated to be used for the generation of Rac IB-null mice.

Recently, p95-APPl was identified as a protein able to interact with Rac IB in a GTP-dependent manner (Di Cesare et al. 2000). P95-APP1 is an ArfGAP of the GIT family, highly expressed in the developing nervous system. Expression of p95- APPl with a mutated or deleted ArfGAP domain in retinal neurons prevented Rac IB-induced neuritogenesis, leading to PIX-mediated accumulation of mutant p95-APPl and associated proteins at large Rab 11-positive endocytic vesicles. Analysis of neurons expressing different p95-derived constructs together with wild-type or mutant Arf6 GTPases revealed the requirement of both p95-APPl and a cycling Arf6 for a normal Rac IB-mediated neuritogenesis.

The data obtained in this thesis show a functional connection between the localization of the p95-APPl complex at recycling endosomes and Rac IB-dependent neuritogenesis, and suggest a role of this complex in the regulation of membrane recycling to/from the neuronal surface during neuritogenesis.
Additional file 2 of The bacterial density of clinical rectal swabs is highly variable, correlates with sequencing contamination, and predicts patient risk of extraintestinal infection
Creators: name: Chanderraj, Rishi
name: Brown, Christopher A.
name: Hinkle, Kevin
name: Falkowski, Nicole
name: Woods, Robert J.
name: Dickson, Robert P.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Univariate comparisons of difference in bacterial density by demographics and comorbidities. Supplemental Table 2. Total antibiotic exposure in the cohort. Supplemental Table 3. Summary statistics of bacterial density by hospital unit. Supplemental Table 4. Tukey HSD comparisons of bacterial density by unit of admission. Supplemental Table 5. Alternative linear mixed effects model of features associated with bacterial density (log 16S copies/specimen) including unit of admission and mechanically ventilated status. Supplemental Table 6. Composite outcomes in the cohort. Supplemental Table 7. Pathogens isolated in cohort. Supplemental Table 8. Alternative multivariable frailty model of features associated with bacterial infection with unit of admission and mechanically ventilated status included. Supplemental Table 9. Features driving separation in community structure identified by random forest achieving significance after correcting for feature importance bias. Supplemental Figure 1. No relationship between unit of admission and bacterial density. We found no significant difference in bacterial density for patients admitted to different hospital units (p=0.33 by Kruskal-Wallis test).
The genome of a subterrestrial nematode reveals adaptations to heat
Creators: name: Weinstein, Deborah J.
name: Allen, Sarah E.
name: Lau, Maggie C.Y.
name: Erasmus, Mariana
name: Asalone, Kathryn Celestia
name: Walters-Conte, Kathryn
name: Deikus, Gintaras Y.
name: Sebra, Robert P.
name: Borgonie, Gaétan
name: Heerden, Esta van
name: Onstott, Tullis C.
name: Bracht, John
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The nematode Halicephalobus mephisto was originally discovered inhabiting a deep terrestrial aquifer 1.3 km underground. H. mephisto can thrive under conditions of abiotic stress including heat and minimal oxygen, where it feeds on a community of both chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes in an unusual ecosystem isolated from the surface biosphere. Here we report the comprehensive genome and transcriptome of this organism, identifying a signature of adaptation: an expanded repertoire of 70 kilodalton heat-shock proteins (Hsp70) and avrRpt2 induced gene 1 (AIG1) proteins. The expanded Hsp70 genes are transcriptionally induced upon growth under heat stress, and we find that positive selection is detectable in several members of this family. We further show that AIG1 may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from a rhizobial fungus. Over one-third of the genes of H. mephisto are novel, highlighting the divergence of this nematode from other sequenced organisms. This work sheds light on the genomic basis of heat tolerance in a complete subterrestrial eukaryotic genome.
title: Feminism and Eternal Feminine: The Case of a Happy Union
Creators: name: Vassilieva, Elena
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2003

description: The dozen or so women in this [feminist] group called Woman and Russia, produced one issue of the journal of the same title when a split between them occurred resulting in two groups, Woman and Russia and Maria. The former was headed by Tatyana Mamonova, writer and the most active contributor to the first issue, an enthusiastic supporter of many ideas of the contemporary Western feminism. Expelled from the Soviet Union for their activities in 1980, the authors of both journals continued working in the West. Subsequently Mamonova was warmly welcomed by the Western feminist Organizations, while Maria took a stance unpalatable both to the Soviet authorities and to most of the Western feminism. Its authors (Tatyana Goricheva, Yulia Voznesenskaya, Natal'ya Malakhovskaya, Galina Grigorieva, and others) preached a return to the traditional family ideals which were to find their justification in the religious and spiritual tradition of the Russian people. The freedoms and rights granted by the Soviet legislation were announced to have resulted in a near-catastrophic state of moral deterioration, to which Western feminism could give no solutions; instead the "new Russian feminism" was to be pursued.

 The "new Russian feminism" had painfully little new to offer to Russian women - its ideals were obedience to God, spiritual responsibility for the family, and fulfillment in motherhood. Soon Maria members disposed of the "feminist" allegiance of their group entirely and preferred to associate themselves with the politically neutral "women's cause" or "women's solidarity".

 Why did this commitment attract a prevailing majority within the group as well as the sympathies of fellow dissidents, whereas Mamonova was supported by very few in her country? This work will try to elucidate the content of the "new Russian feminism", i.e. the religious feminism of the Maria group, as well as the reasons for its popularity with the Russian intellectuals. The events of the end of 1979 - beginning of 1980, i.e. the publication of both groups' journals, the intervention of the KGB and the subsequent expulsion of the major contributors from the Soviet Union on the eve of the Olympic games, were extensively covered in the West in 1980-1981. However, the entire undertaking was dismissed as a courageous but very short-lived and theoretically obscure attempt at articulating female grievances against the Soviet system and its patriarchal character. While indeed detached from feminist theoretical discussions and largely rooted in experience, Woman and Russia was described by one Western publication as the "howl" of Russian women. It is one of the objectives of the present work to demonstrate the roots of the feminist publications, and, especially those of Maria, in the intellectual and political concerns of the post-war generations of Russian intellectuals.
Anthropic predictions for vacuum energy and neutrino masses
Creators: name: Pogosian, Levon
name: Vilenkin, Alexander
name: Tegmark, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is argued that the observed vacuum energy density and the small values of the neutrino masses could be due to anthropic selection effects. Until now, these two quantities have been treated separately from each other and, in particular, anthropic predictions for the vacuum energy were made under the assumption of zero neutrino masses. Here we consider two cases. In the first, we calculate predictions for the vacuum energy for a fixed (generally non-zero) value of the neutrino mass. In the second we allow both quantities to vary from one part of the universe to another. We find that the anthropic predictions for the vacuum energy density are in a better agreement with observations when one allows for non-zero neutrino masses. We also find that the individual distributions for the vacuum energy and the neutrino masses are reasonably robust and do not change drastically when one adds the other variable.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Modeling and Control of a Hybrid Wheeled Jumping Robot
Creators: name: Dinev, Traiko
name: Xin, Songyan
name: Merkt, Wolfgang
name: Ivan, Vladimir
name: Vijayakumar, Sethu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we study a wheeled robot with a prismatic extension joint. This allows the robot to build up momentum to perform jumps over obstacles and to swing up to the upright position after the loss of balance. We propose a template model for the class of such two-wheeled jumping robots. This model can be considered as the simplest wheeled-legged system. We provide an analytical derivation of the system dynamics which we use inside a model predictive controller (MPC). We study the behavior of the model and demonstrate highly dynamic motions such as swing-up and jumping. Furthermore, these motions are discovered through optimization from first principles. We evaluate the controller on a variety of tasks and uneven terrains in a simulator.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures, IROS 2020, Video URL: https://youtu.be/j2sIWL8m2pQ
The genome of a subterrestrial nematode reveals adaptations to heat
Creators: name: Weinstein, Deborah J.
name: Allen, Sarah E.
name: Lau, Maggie C.Y.
name: Erasmus, Mariana
name: Asalone, Kathryn Celestia
name: Walters-Conte, Kathryn
name: Deikus, Gintaras Y.
name: Sebra, Robert P.
name: Borgonie, Gaétan
name: Heerden, Esta van
name: Onstott, Tullis C.
name: Bracht, John
Publisher: name: Nature Communications
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The nematode Halicephalobus mephisto was originally discovered inhabiting a deep terrestrial aquifer 1.3 km underground. H. mephisto can thrive under conditions of abiotic stress including heat and minimal oxygen, where it feeds on a community of both chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic prokaryotes in an unusual ecosystem isolated from the surface biosphere. Here we report the comprehensive genome and transcriptome of this organism, identifying a signature of adaptation: an expanded repertoire of 70 kilodalton heat-shock proteins (Hsp70) and avrRpt2 induced gene 1 (AIG1) proteins. The expanded Hsp70 genes are transcriptionally induced upon growth under heat stress, and we find that positive selection is detectable in several members of this family. We further show that AIG1 may have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from a rhizobial fungus. Over one-third of the genes of H. mephisto are novel, highlighting the divergence of this nematode from other sequenced organisms. This work sheds light on the genomic basis of heat tolerance in a complete subterrestrial eukaryotic genome.
Stratification Ratio of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen as Affected by Alternative Management Practices under Maize-Cotton Rotation System in Weathered Soils of West-Africa
Creators: name: Eeusha Nafi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 70101 Agricultural Land Management
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences
subject: 70302 Agronomy
subject: FOS: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
subject: Soil Science
subject: 50304 Soil Chemistry (excl. Carbon Sequestration Science)

description: Topsoil erosion is one of the major impediments to sustainable crop production in West Africa. On-farm trials were set up as a strip-split plot layout, with tillage [contour ridge (Ct), and reduced tillage (Rt)] as main-plot factor, and crop residue management [with(+R) and without(-R)], and N fertilizer [control(N0) and recommended(Nr)] as sub-plot factors to investigate the impact of alternative management practices on stratification ratios(SR) of organic carbon(OC) and total nitrogen(TN), which is the ratio of nutrient concentration in the top layer to that in the deeper layer, on different soils of West Africa. After 5 cycles of maize-cotton rotation, SR-OC and SR-TN were greatest on Haplic Lixisol (HL), followed by Eutric Plinthosol (EP), Plinthic Lixisol (PL), and Ferric Lixisol (FL). Compared to Rt, Ct system improved SR-OC and SR-TN by 13.3% and 4.5%, respectively. Ct+R improved SR-OC on PL and EP, while Rt+R were dominant on HL. Nr under Ct significantly increased SR-TN on EP and PL; whereas, Rt resulted in higher SR-TN on HL. Thus, Ct+R+Nr could restore soil fertility of EP and Pl, while Rt+R+Nr could be more effective on HL. These results could provide better recommendations for restoring soil fertility on specific soils types of West Africa.