cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disaggregating Customer-level Behind-the-Meter PV Generation Using Smart Meter Data and Solar Exemplars
Creators: name: Bu, Fankun
name: Dehghanpour, Kaveh
name: Yuan, Yuxuan
name: Wang, Zhaoyu
name: Guo, Yifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Customer-level rooftop photovoltaic (PV) has been widely integrated into distribution systems. In most cases, PVs are installed behind-the-meter (BTM), and only the net demand is recorded. Therefore, the native demand and PV generation are unknown to utilities. Separating native demand and solar generation from net demand is critical for improving grid-edge observability. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed for disaggregating customer-level BTM PV generation using low-resolution but widely available hourly smart meter data. The proposed approach exploits the strong correlation between monthly nocturnal and diurnal native demands and the high similarity among PV generation profiles. First, a joint probability density function (PDF) of monthly nocturnal and diurnal native demands is constructed for customers without PVs, using Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM). Deviation from the constructed PDF is utilized to probabilistically assess the monthly solar generation of customers with PVs. Then, to identify hourly BTM solar generation for these customers, their estimated monthly solar generation is decomposed into an hourly timescale; to do this, we have proposed a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE)-based technique that utilizes hourly typical solar exemplars. Leveraging the strong monthly native demand correlation and high PV generation similarity enhances our approach's robustness against the volatility of customers' hourly load and enables highly accurate disaggregation. The proposed approach has been verified using real native demand and PV generation data.
Production Functions for Climate Policy Modeling: An Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Van Der Werf, Edwin
name: Van Der Werf, Edwin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Input Substitution
subject: Technological Change

description: Quantitative models for climate policy modeling differ in the production structure used and in the sizes of the elasticities of substitution. The empirical foundation for both is generally lacking. This paper estimates the parameters of two-level CES production functions with capital, labour and energy as inputs, and is the first to systematically compare all nesting structures. Using industry-level data from 12 OECD countries, we find that the nesting structure where capital and labour are combined first, fits the data best, but for most countries and industries we cannot reject that all three inputs can be put into one single nest. These two nesting structures are used by most climate models. However, while several climate policy models use a Cobb-Douglas function for (part of the) production function, we reject elasticities equal to one, in favour of considerably smaller values. Finally we find evidence for factor-specific technological change. With lower elasticities and with factor-specific technological change, some climate policy models may find a bigger effect of endogenous technological change on mitigating the costs of climate policy.
Heat fluxes through roofs and their relevance to estimates of urban heat storage
Creators: name: Meyn, Stephanie Katrin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The storage heat flux (ΔQs) constitutes a large term in the heat balance of cities. This flux is difficult to measure but can be parameterized using relations between the net radiation (Q*) and the heat flux conducted into and out of the typical materials that form the surface of cities (QG)- The urban heat storage parameterization could be improved if there were more and better estimates of the net radiation vs. storage relation for typical urban and suburban roofs. This thesis presents the results of a study of the heat storage characteristics of 5 different roof assemblies (typical of many North American commercial/industrial and residential buildings) in Vancouver, B.C. These observations are used to verify the Simplified Transient Analysis of Roofs (STAR) model, which is then used to estimate the heat storage parameterization for other roof types, thereby extending the usefulness of the scheme to a wider range of cities. Distinct differences in heat storage characteristics are observed between roofs with gravel surfaces and those with modified bitumen or asphalt shingles. The surface conductive heat flux (QG) ranges from 22% to 30% of the net radiation (Q*) for gravel roofs under high wind (between 1.5 and 4 m s-1) and low wind (less than 1 m s-1) conditions respectively. For wet roof conditions, QG is approximately 25% of Q* irrespective of wind speed. For modified bitumen surfaces and asphalt shingles, it is considerably less (~ 10%), indicating that these roof surface types are more energy efficient. It is concluded that the STAR model gives good agreement between measured and modelled surface heat fluxes, and is a useful tool for modelling a wide range of roof types. The model works very well for the case of dry roof conditions, but is less accurate under wet or mixed conditions because latent heat (QE) is not taken into account.
Was verwirklichen wir in unseren Arbeitsgemeinschaften christlicher Kirchen?
Creators: name: Urban, Hans Jörg
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1977): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 26, Heft 1
Forced Symmetry Breaking from SO(3) to SO(2) for Rotating Waves on the Sphere
Creators: name: Comanici, Adela N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C80, 37E35, 34D35, 57S25

description: We consider a small SO(2)-equivariant perturbation of a reaction-diffusion system on the sphere, which is equivariant with respect to the group SO(3) of all rigid rotations. We consider a normally hyperbolic SO(3)-group orbit of a rotating wave on the sphere that persists to a normally hyperbolic SO(2)-invariant manifold $M(ε)$. We investigate the effects of this forced symmetry breaking by studying the perturbed dynamics induced on $M(ε)$ by the above reaction-diffusion system. We prove that depending on the frequency vectors of the rotating waves that form the relative equilibrium SO(3)u_{0}, these rotating waves will give SO(2)-orbits of rotating waves or SO(2)-orbits of modulated rotating waves (if some transversality conditions hold). The orbital stability of these solutions is established as well. Our main tools are the orbit space reduction, Poincare map and implicit function theorem.
Turnpike in infinite dimension
Creators: name: Leonetti, Paolo
name: Caprio, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37C70, 37C99

description: Let $Φ$ be a correspondence from a normed vector space $X$ into itself, let $u: X\to \mathbf{R}$ be a function, and $\mathcal{I}$ be an ideal on $\mathbf{N}$. Also, assume that the restriction of $u$ on the fixed points of $Φ$ has a unique maximizer $η^\star$. Then, we consider feasible paths $(x_0,x_1,\ldots)$ with values in $X$ such that $x_{n+1} \in Φ(x_n)$ for all $n\ge 0$. Under certain additional conditions, we prove the following turnpike result: every feasible path $(x_0,x_1,\ldots)$ which maximizes the smallest $\mathcal{I}$-cluster point of the sequence $(u(x_0),u(x_1),\ldots)$ is necessarily $\mathcal{I}$-convergent to $η^\star$. We provide examples that, on the one hand, justify the hypotheses of our result and, on the other hand, prove that we are including new cases which were previously not considered in the related literature.
description: Example 2.6 has been added
Environmental Regulation and the Export Dynamics of Energy Technologies
Creators: name: Costantini, Valeria
name: Crespi, Francesco
name: Costantini, Valeria
name: Crespi, Francesco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Regulation
subject: Trade and Environment
subject: Energy Technologies

description: The pollution haven hypothesis affirms that an open market regime will encourage the flow of low technology polluting industries toward developing countries, due to potential comparative advantages related to low environmental standards. In contrast, the hypothesis suggested by Porter and van der Linde claims for a competitive dynamic behaviour by innovating firms, allowing a global diffusion of environmental-friendly technologies. Environmental regulation may represent a relevant mechanism through which technological change is induced. In this way countries subject to more stringent environmental regulations may become net exporters of environmental technologies. This paper provides new evidence on the evolution of export flows of environmental technologies across different countries for the energy sector. Advanced economies, particularly the European Union, have given increasing attention to the role of energy policies as tools for sustaining the development path. The Kyoto Protocol commitments, together with growing import dependence of energy products, have stimulated the attention on the analysis of innovation processes in this specific sector. The analysis uses a gravity model in order to test the determinants and the transmission channels through which environmental technologies for renewable energies and energy efficiency are exported to advanced and developing countries. Our results are consistent with the existence of the Porter and van der Linde hypothesis, where environmental regulation represents a significant component of comparative advantages. What strongly emerges is that the stringency of environmental regulation supplemented by the strength of National Innovation System is a crucial driver of export performance in the field of energy technologies.
Diffusion and Home Range Parameters for Rodents: Peromyscus maniculatus in New Mexico
Creators: name: Abramson, G.
name: Giuggioli, L.
name: Kenkre, V. M.
name: Dragoo, J. W.
name: Parmenter, R. R.
name: Parmenter, C. A.
name: Yates, T. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We analyze data from a long term field project in New Mexico, consisting of repeated sessions of mark-recaptures of Peromyscus maniculatus (Rodentia: Muridae), the host and reservoir of Sin Nombre Virus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus). The displacements of the recaptured animals provide a means to study their movement from a statistical point of view. We extract two parameters from the data with the help of a simple model: the diffusion constant of the rodents, and the size of their home range. The short time behavior shows the motion to be approximately diffusive and the diffusion constant to be 470+/-50m^2/day. The long time behavior provides an estimation of the diameter of the rodent home ranges, with an average value of 100+/-25m. As in previous investigations directed at Zygodontomys brevicauda observations in Panama, we use a box model for home range estimation. We also use a harmonic model in the present investigation to study the sensitivity of the conclusions to the model used and find that both models lead to similar estimates.
description: The published paper in Ecol. Complexity has an old version of Figure 6. Here we have put the correct version of Figure 6
Student-Initiated Action Advising via Advice Novelty
Creators: name: Ilhan, Ercument
name: Gow, Jeremy
name: Perez-Liebana, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Action advising is a budget-constrained knowledge exchange mechanism between teacher-student peers that can help tackle exploration and sample inefficiency problems in deep reinforcement learning (RL). Most recently, student-initiated techniques that utilise state novelty and uncertainty estimations have obtained promising results. However, the approaches built on these estimations have some potential weaknesses. First, they assume that the convergence of the student's RL model implies less need for advice. This can be misleading in scenarios with teacher absence early on where the student is likely to learn suboptimally by itself; yet also ignore the teacher's assistance later. Secondly, the delays between encountering states and having them to take effect in the RL model updates in presence of the experience replay dynamics cause a feedback lag in what the student actually needs advice for. We propose a student-initiated algorithm that alleviates these by employing Random Network Distillation (RND) to measure the novelty of a piece of advice. Furthermore, we perform RND updates only for the advised states to ensure that the student's own learning does not impair its ability to leverage the teacher. Experiments in GridWorld and MinAtar show that our approach performs on par with the state-of-the-art and demonstrates significant advantages in the scenarios where the existing methods are prone to fail.
A Politico-Economic Model of Aging, Technology Adoption and Growth
Creators: name: Lancia, Francesco
name: Prarolo, Giovanni
name: Lancia, Francesco
name: Prarolo, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Growth
subject: Life Expectancy
subject: Human Capital
subject: Systemic Innovation
subject: Majority Voting

description: Over the past century, all OECD countries have been characterized by a dramatic increase in economic conditions, life expectancy and educational attainment. This paper provides a positive theory that explains how an economy might evolve when the longevity of its citizens both influences and is influenced by the process of economic development. We propose a three periods OLG model where agents, during their lifetime, cover different economic roles characterized by different incentive schemes and time horizon. Agents' decisions embrace two dimensions: the private choice about education and the public one upon innovation policy. The theory focuses on the crucial role played by heterogeneous interests in determining innovation policies, which are one of the keys to the growth process: the economy can be discontinuously innovation-oriented due to the different incentives of individuals and different schemes of political aggregation of preferences. The model produces multiple development regimes associated with different predictions about life expectancy evolution, educational investment dynamics, and technology adoption policies. Transitions between these regimes depend on initial conditions and parameter values.
Fidelity decay in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Manfredi, G.
name: Hervieux, P. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum coherence of a Bose-Einstein condensate is studied using the concept of quantum fidelity (Loschmidt echo). The condensate is confined in an elongated anharmonic trap and subjected to a small random potential such as that created by a laser speckle. Numerical experiments show that the quantum fidelity stays constant until a critical time, after which it drops abruptly over a single trap oscillation period. The critical time depends logarithmically on the number of condensed atoms and on the perturbation amplitude. This behavior may be observable by measuring the interference fringes of two condensates evolving in slightly different potentials.
description: 4 pages, to appear in Physical Review Letters, February 2008
Can variability account for apparent age spreads in OB association colour-magnitude diagrams?
Creators: name: Burningham, Ben
name: Naylor, Tim
name: Littlefair, S. P.
name: Jeffries, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the role of photometric variability in causing the apparent age spreads observed in the colour-magnitude diagrams of OB associations. We have found that the combination of binarity, photometric uncertainty and variability on timescales of a few years is not sufficient to explain the observed spread in either of the OB associations we have studied. Such effects can account for about half the observed spread in the sigma Orionis subgroup and about 1/20 of the observed spread in Cep OB3b. This rules out variability caused by stellar rotation and rotation of structures within inner accretion discs as the source of the majority of the the apparent age spreads. We also find that the variability tends to move objects parallel to isochrones in V/V-i' CMDs, and thus has little influence on apparent age spreads. We conclude that the remaining unexplained spread either reflects a true spread in the ages of the PMS objects or arises as a result of longer term variability associated with changes in accretion flow.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures. High resolution version with colour is available at http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/bgb/research/ . MNRAS accepted
Truly On-The-Fly LTL Model Checking
Creators: name: Hammer, Moritz
name: Knapp, Alexander
name: Merz, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel algorithm for automata-based LTL model checking that interleaves the construction of the generalized Büchi automaton for the negation of the formula and the emptiness check. Our algorithm first converts the LTL formula into a linear weak alternating automaton; configurations of the alternating automaton correspond to the locations of a generalized Büchi automaton, and a variant of Tarjan's algorithm is used to decide the existence of an accepting run of the product of the transition system and the automaton. Because we avoid an explicit construction of the Büchi automaton, our approach can yield significant improvements in runtime and memory, for large LTL formulas. The algorithm has been implemented within the SPIN model checker, and we present experimental results for some benchmark examples.
Inhabiting the Memoir: Architecture through Narrative Structure
Creators: name: Aronson, Erica Rachel
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Memoir
subject: Narrative

description: Narrative structures have the ability to elevate architecture to more meaningful, poetic places. Memoirs in particular enable the reader to dissociate from his or her self to experience multiple ways of seeing and thinking about the world.  The act of reading a memoir is a participatory and vicarious one in which the reader actively engages with and “experiences” the events of the story, told by another.  My thesis will explore how architecture can serve as a related medium in which to imbue narrative content and structures.  This thesis seeks to translate and explore narrative structures into form/space implications as a means of re-presenting and enhancing processes of self-discovery, meaning, and architectural experience.
Pediomys clemensi Sahni 1972, new species
Creators: name: Sahni, Ashok
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1972
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Didelphimorphia
Peradectidae
Pediomys
Pediomys clemensi

description: Pediomys clemensi, new species
Figure 13P-T
ETYMOLOGY: For W. A. Clemens, University of California, Berkeley.
HOLOTYPE: AMNH 77373, an upper molar (M2 or M3).
TYPE LOCALITY: Clambank Hollow, Chouteau County, Montana.
DISTRIBUTION: Judith River Formation, Montana.
DIAGNOSIS: A small Campanian pediomyid most closely similar to P. elegans from the Maestrichtian. Stylar cusp A (parastyle) and D are well developed. Cusp B is feebly formed and is situated posterolabial to the paracone, close to the equally small stylar cusp C.
DESCRIPTION: Two labial fragments of upper molars, AMNH 77373 and 77374, are similar to each other. Specimen AMNH 77373, however, has conules (fig. 13P), whereas the other, AMNH 77374, lacks conules and is slightly larger. The stylar shelf in the specimens is not bilobate and the stylar shelf is weakly developed. Cusp A is better developed than in the other contemporary metatherian genera, and a crest connects it to the paraconule. Cusp B is small and posterolabial to the paracone. The stylar shelf narrows labial to the paracone, and the external rim of the paracone extends to the shelf. Cusp C is posterior to cusp B and slightly larger. The stylar shelf widens posteriorly just lingual to the prominent stylar cusp D, which is the largest stylar cusp. The metastyle is weakly developed and linked to the metacone by a high ridge. The paracone is situated more labial to the metacone and is about the same height.
There are five lower molars that can be referred to Pediomys by use of the criterion developed by Clemens (1966), which is the position of the crista obliqua on the posterior wall of the trigonid. The crista obliqua in pediomyid molars intersects the trigonid wall at the protoconid, a position labial to the usual position in other Cretaceous marsupials. These pediomyid lower molars are small, ranging in length from 1.8 to 2.6 mm. The paraconid is a slender, conical, anteriorly directed cusp in AMNH 77377 (fig. 13S, T). It is only slightly smaller than the metaconid and well separated from it. The protoconid is anterior and taller than the metaconid, and has a small anterobasal cingulum. The talonid is wide, and the hypoconid is a large, high cusp, which is well separated from the twinned hypoconulid and the broken entoconid. The hypoconulid is a small pointed cusp, directed posteriorly and linked to the entoconid by a short ridge. A broad cingulum is present on the posterolabial side of the crown. AMNH 77376 (fig. 13 Q, R) is a larger lower molar than AMNH 77377.
description: Published as part of Sahni, Ashok, 1972, The vertebrate Fauna of the Judith River formation, Montana, pp. 319-416 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 147 (6) on pages 384-385, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3382461
Production Outsourcing, Organizational Governance and Firm's Technological Performance: Evidence from Italy
Creators: name: Antonietti, Roberto
name: Cainelli, Giulio
name: Antonietti, Roberto
name: Cainelli, Giulio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Production Outsourcing
subject: Organizational Governance
subject: Misalignment
subject: Technological Performance
subject: Non-Linearity

description: Aim of this paper is to study whether and how the firm's decision to outsource production activities affects its technological performance. In particular, we look at how the alignment between the firm's governance strategy and the underlying attributes of the transactions affects the capacity of the firm to introduce new products and processes. Using microeconomic data on a repeated cross-section of Italian manufacturing firms for the period 1998-2003, we develop a two-stage approach: first, we estimate the determinants of the firm's organizational governance (production outsourcing); second, we incorporate a measure of governance misalignment into a technological performance relation. We find (i) that firms not aligned with the optimal organizational governance perform less well in terms of process innovation than more aligned competitors, but (ii) that misalignment has a positive effect on product innovation. However, this counterintuitive result is strongly characterized by non-linear effects that reverse the latter correlation for high values of governance misfit. .
L'edizione scientifica digitale del manoscritto de «Il fu Mattia Pascal» di Luigi Pirandello
Creators: name: D'Agata, Christian
name: Zammataro, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Digital Scholarly Editions
Digital Philology
Contemporary Italian Literature

description: Edizione scientifica de Il fu Mattia Pascal a cura di C. D'Agata e A. Zammataro all'interno dell'Hyperedizione de «Il fu Mattia Pascal» a cura di A. Sichera e A. Di Silvestro et alii. L'Edizione dell’Opera Omnia di Luigi Pirandello è promossa dalla Commissione Nazionale nominata dal MIBACT.
Nitrogen enrichment, boron depletion and magnetic fields in slowly-rotating B-type dwarfs
Creators: name: Morel, T.
name: Hubrig, S.
name: Briquet, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolutionary models for massive stars, accounting for rotational mixing effects, do not predict any core-processed material at the surface of B dwarfs with low rotational velocities. Contrary to theoretical expectations, we present a detailed and fully-homogeneous, NLTE abundance analysis of 20 early B-type dwarfs and (sub)giants that reveals the existence of a population of nitrogen-rich and boron-depleted, yet intrinsically slowly-rotating objects. The low-rotation rate of several of these stars is firmly established, either from the occurrence of phase-locked UV wind line-profile variations, which can be ascribed to rotational modulation, or from theoretical modelling in the pulsating variables. The observational data presently available suggest a higher incidence of chemical peculiarities in stars with a (weak) detected magnetic field. This opens the possibility that magnetic phenomena are important in altering the photospheric abundances of early B dwarfs, even for surface field strengths at the one hundred Gauss level. However, further spectropolarimetric observations are needed to assess the validity of this hypothesis.
description: Accepted by A&A. 11 pages, 4 figures (some in colour)
Minimal inverse-seesaw mechanism with Abelian flavour symmetries
Creators: name: Camara, H. B.
name: Felipe, R. G.
name: Joaquim, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenology of the minimal $(2,2)$ inverse-seesaw model supplemented with Abelian flavour symmetries. To ensure maximal predictability, we establish the most restrictive flavour patterns which can be realised by those symmetries. This setup requires adding an extra scalar doublet and two complex scalar singlets to the Standard Model, paving the way to implement spontaneous CP violation. It is shown that such CP-violating effects can be successfully communicated to the lepton sector through couplings of the scalar singlets to the new sterile fermions. The Majorana and Dirac CP phases turn out to be related, and the active-sterile neutrino mixing is determined by the active neutrino masses, mixing angles and CP phases. We investigate the constraints imposed on the model by the current experimental limits on lepton flavour-violating decays, especially those on the branching ratio $BR(μ\rightarrow e γ)$ and the capture rate $CR(μ-e,{\rm Au})$. The prospects to further test the framework put forward in this work are also discussed in view of the projected sensitivities of future experimental searches sensitive to the presence of heavy sterile neutrinos. Namely, we investigate at which extent upcoming searches for $μ\rightarrow e γ$, $μ\rightarrow 3e$ and $μ-e$ conversion in nuclei will be able to test our model, and how complementary will future high-energy collider and beam-dump experiments be in that task.
description: LaTeX, 46 pages, 12 figures. Typos corrected and references added. Matches version published in JHEP
Dynamics of a Bright Soliton in Bose-Einstein condensates with Time-Dependent Atomic Scattering Length in an Expulsive Parabolic Potential
Creators: name: Liang, Z. X.
name: Zhang, Z. D.
name: Liu, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a family of exact solutions of one-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which describe the dynamics of a bright soliton in Bose-Einstein condensates with the time-dependent interatomic interaction in an expulsive parabolic potential. Our results show that, under the safe range of parameters, the bright soliton can be compressed into very high local matter densities by increasing the absolute value of atomic scattering length, which can provide an experimental tool for investigating the range of validity of the one-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We also find that the number of atoms in the bright soliton keeps dynamic stability: a time-periodic atomic exchange is formed between the bright soliton and the background.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Interactive Problem Structuring with ICZM Stakeholders
Creators: name: Van Kouwen, Frank
name: Dieperink, Carel
name: Schot, Paul P.
name: Wassen, Martin J.
name: Van Kouwen, Frank
name: Dieperink, Carel
name: Schot, Paul P.
name: Wassen, Martin J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Cognitive Mapping
subject: Interactive Policy Making

description: Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is struggling with a lack of science-management integration. Many computer systems, usually known as 'decision support systems', have been developed with the intention to make scientific knowledge about complex systems more accessible for coastal managers. These tools, allowing a multi-disciplinary approach with multi-criteria analyses, are designed for well-defined, structured problems. However, in practice stakeholder consensus on the problem structure is usually lacking. Aim of this paper is to explore the practical opportunities for the new so-called Quasta approach to structure complex problems in a group setting. This approach is based on a combination of Cognitive Mapping and Qualitative Probabilistic Networks. It comprehends a new type of computer system which is quite simple and flexible as well. The tool is tested in two workshops in which various coastal management issues were discussed. Evaluations of these workshops show that (1) this system helps stakeholders to make them aware of causal relationships, (2) it is useful for a qualitative exploration of scenarios, (3) it identifies the quantitative knowledge gaps of the problem being discussed and (4) the threshold for non technicians to use this tool is quite low..
Simulation of the neutron-tagged deep inelastic scattering at EicC
Creators: name: Xie, Gang
name: Li, Mengyang
name: Han, Chengdong
name: Wang, Rong
name: Chen, Xurong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the pionic structure function is of high interests as it provides a new area for understanding the strong interaction among quarks and testing the QCD predictions. To this purpose, we investigate the feasibility and the expected impacts of a possible experiment on EicC. We show the simulation results on the statistical precision of an EicC measurement, based on the model of leading neutron tagged DIS process and the parton distribution functions of the pion from JAM18 global analysis. The simulation shows that at EicC, the kinematics cover $x_π$ range from 0.01 to 1, and $Q^2$ range from 1 GeV$^2$ to 50 GeV$^2$, within the acceptable statistical uncertainty. Assuming an integrated luminosity of 50 fb$^{-1}$, in the low-$Q^{2}$ region ($<10$ GeV$^2$), the MC data show that the suggested measurement in the whole $x_{\rmπ}$ range reaches very high precision ($<3$\%). To perform such an experiment, only the addition of a far-forward neutron calorimeter is needed.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Can photo-ionization explain the decreasing fraction of X-ray obscured AGN with luminosity?
Creators: name: Akylas, A.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chandra and XMM surveys show that the fraction of obscured AGN decreases rapidly with increasing luminosity. Although this is usually explained by assuming that the covering factor of the central engine is much smaller at luminous QSOs, the exact origin of this effect remains unknown. We perform toy simulations to test whether photo-ionisation of the obscuring screen in the presence of a strong radiation field can reproduce this effect. In particular, we create X-ray spectral simulations using a warm absorber model assuming a range of input column densities and ionization parameters. We fit instead the simulated spectra with a simple cold absorption power-law model that is the standard practice in X-ray surveys. We find that the fraction of absorbed AGN should fall with luminosity as $L^{-0.16\pm0.03}$ in rough agreement with the observations. Furthermore, this apparent decrease in the obscuring material is consistent with the dependence of the FeK$α$ narrow-line equivalent width on luminosity, ie. the X-ray Baldwin effect.
description: 7 pages 4 figures A&A accepted
Modeling Economywide versus Sectoral Climate Policies Using Combined Aggregate-Sectoral Models
Creators: name: Pizer, William A.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Pizer, William A.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Harrington, Winston
name: Newell, Richard G.
name: Sanchirico, James N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: carbon
subject: carbon dioxide
subject: climate change
subject: climate policy
subject: general equilibrium model
subject: partial equilibrium model
subject: cost

description: Economic analyses of climate change policies frequently focus on reductions of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions via market-based, economywide policies. The current course of environment and energy policy debate in the United States, however, suggests an alternative outcome: inefficiently designed and/or sector-based policies. This paper uses a collection of specialized, sector-based models in conjunction with a computable general equilibrium model of the economy to examine and compare these policies at an aggregate level. We examine the relative cost of different policies designed to achieve the same quantity of emissions reductions. We find that excluding a limited number of sectors from an economywide policy does not significantly raise costs. Focusing policy solely on the electricity and transportation sectors doubles costs, however, and using nonmarket policies can raise costs by a factor of 10. These results are driven in part by, and are sensitive to, our modeling of preexisting tax distortions.
Trends in in-hospital admissions due to dog bites in Ireland from 2012-2021
Creators: name: Ryan, E.
name: O’Farrell, A.
name: Ó Súilleabháin, Páraic
name: McKeown, D
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Aim Dog bites are a global health issue. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and characteristics of dog-bite related hospital admissions over a 10-year period.Method All in-patient emergency admissions with a dog bite diagnosis (ICD 10-AM W54) were extracted from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry (HIPE) system. Statistical analysis was carried out in JMP.Results There were 3,158 emergency in-patient hospitalisations with a dog bite diagnosis. The rate increased significantly from 5.6 (95% CI 5.0-6.3) per 100,000 population in 2012 to 8.7 (95% CI 7.9-9.5) per 100,000 population in 2021, p=0.04). The rates were highest among children (0-14 years). The most common principal diagnoses were open wounds (2397, 75.9%) and fractures (246, 7.3%).Discussion An increasing rate of dog-bite hospitalisations has been observed across the last decade. This suggests that dog control legislation and enforcement requires improvement. These findings support the case for improved policy interventions.
Impact of Zn substitution on phase formation and superconductivity of Bi1.6Pb0.4 Sr2Ca2Cu3-xZnxO10 with x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12
Creators: name: Saxena, R. B.
name: Giri, Rajiv
name: Awana, V. P. S.
name: Singh, H. K.
name: Ansari, M. A.
name: Kumaraswamy, B. V.
name: Gupta, Anurag
name: Nigam1, Rashmi
name: Singh, K. P.
name: Kishan, H.
name: Srivastava, O. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Samples of series Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3-xZnxO10 with x = 0.0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12 are synthesized by solid-state reaction route. All the samples crystallize in tetragonal structure with majority (> 90%) of Bi-2223 (Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10) phase (c-lattice parameter ~ 36 A0). The proportion of Bi-2223 phase decreases slightly with an increase in x. The lattice parameters a and c of main phase (Bi-2223) do not change significantly with increasing x. Superconducting critical transition temperature (Tc) decreases with x as evidenced by both resistivity [(T)] and AC magnetic susceptibility [(T)] measurements. Interestingly the decrement of Tc is not monotonic and the same saturates at around 96 K for x > 0.06. In fact Tc decreases fast (~10K/at%) for x = 0.015 and 0.03 samples and later nearly saturates for higher x values. Present results of Zn doping in Bi-2223 system are compared with Zn doped other HTSC (High temperature superconducting) systems, namely the RE-123 (REBa2Cu3O7) and La-214 ((La,Sr)2CuO4).
description: 12, pages of text and Figs. TO APPEAR IN Mod. Phys. Lett. B (2005)_
Was the NOAA Panel Correct about Contingent Valuation?
Creators: name: Carson, Richard T.
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Kopp, Raymond J.
name: Krosnick, Jon A.
name: Mitchell, Robert C.
name: Presser, Stanley
name: Ruud, Paul A.
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Conaway, Michael
name: Martin, Kerry
name: Carson, Richard T.
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Kopp, Raymond J.
name: Krosnick, Jon A.
name: Mitchell, Robert C.
name: Presser, Stanley
name: Ruud, Paul A.
name: Smith, V. Kerry
name: Conaway, Michael
name: Martin, Kerry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: contingent valuation
subject: scope test
subject: NOAA Panel

description: The past few years have seen a highly charged debate about whether contingent valuation (CV) surveys can provide valid economic measures of people's values for environmental resources. In an effort to appraise the validity of CV measures of economic value, a distinguished panel of social scientists, chaired by two Nobel laureates, was established by NOAA, to critically evaluate the validity of CV measures of nonuse value. The Panel provided an extensive set of guidelines for CV survey construction, administration, and analysis, and distinguished a subset of items from their guidelines for special emphasis and described them as burden of proof requirements. Of particular interest was the Panel's requirement that CV surveys demonstrate "responsiveness to the scope of the environmental insult." That demonstration has come to be called a scope test. The paper reports the findings from the first CV study that adheres to the NOAA Panel's guidelines and includes a formal scope test.
Science in Sanitary and Phytosanitary Dispute Resolution
Creators: name: Powell, Mark R.
name: Powell, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food
subject: agriculture
subject: world trade organization
subject: sanitary and phytosanitary risk

description: The World Trade Organization Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS Agreement) relies heavily on science and expert organizations to avoid and resolve trade disputes over measures enacted under the rationale of food safety or plant and animal health protection. However, the state of science for sanitary and phytosanitary risk analysis is highly uncertain, and the SPS Agreement leaves many science policy issues unsettled. The international agencies charged under the SPS Agreement with harmonizing standards and forging international scientific consensus face a daunting and politically-charged task. Two case studies are briefly developed. In the first case, the international scientific consensus strongly supports the U.S. challenge of the European Union's ban on cattle growth hormones, but the root causes of the dispute go much deeper. The case suggests that establishing a precedent for SPS measures based solely on "sound science" may be a slippery objective. In the second case, domestic avocado producers challenged a U.S. Department of Agriculture assessment which concluded that a partial lifting of the ban on Mexican avocado imports posed a negligible plant pest risk. Although the Department's phytosanitary risk assessment gained endorsement by independent scientists, a contributing factor to resolving this dispute was the threat of retaliation against U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico. A recent survey of current and proposed technical barriers to U.S. agricultural exports suggests that the trade impacts could approach $5 billion a year and that the most common SPS disputes in the future will be over biological hazards--particularly plant pests and foodborne microbial pathogens. This poses a tremendous challenge, however, because the practice of risk assessment for biological stressors is much less developed than that for chemical substances. The paper concludes with some proposed criteria for evaluating the weight of scientific evidence in SPS risk assessment.
Three Dimensional Simulation of Gamma Ray Emission from Asymmetric Supernovae and Hypernovae
Creators: name: Maeda, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hard X- and $γ$-ray spectra and light curves resulting from radioactive decays are computed for aspherical (jet-like) and energetic supernova models (representing a prototypical hypernova SN 1998bw), using a 3D energy- and time-dependent Monte Carlo scheme. The emission is characterized by (1) early emergence of high energy emission, (2) large line-to-continuum ratio, and (3) large cut-off energy by photoelectric absorptions in hard X-ray energies. These three properties are not sensitively dependent on the observer's direction. On the other hand, fluxes and line profiles depend sensitively on the observer's direction, showing larger luminosity and larger degree of blueshift for an observer closer to the polar ($z$) direction. Strategies to derive the degree of asphericity and the observer's direction from (future) observations are suggested on the basis of these features, and an estimate on detectability of the high energy emission by the {\it INTEGRAL} and future observatories is presented. Also presented is examination on applicability of a gray effective $γ$-ray opacity for computing the energy deposition rate in the aspherical SN ejecta. The 3D detailed computations show that the effective $γ$-ray opacity $κ_γ \sim 0.025 - 0.027$ cm$^{2}$ g$^{-1}$ reproduces the detailed energy-dependent transport for both spherical and aspherical (jet-like) geometry.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures. Figure 7 added in the accepted version. ApJ, 644 (01 June 2006 issue), in press. Resolution of figures lower than the published version
Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Creators: name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions trading
subject: emission fees
subject: air pollution
subject: cost-benefit analysis
subject: electricity
subject: particulates
subject: nitrogen oxides
subject: NOx
subject: sulfur dioxide
subject: SO2
subject: health benefits

description: This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also explore whether regional differentiation of caps on different pollutants is likely to enhance efficiency.
title: Ηθική των επιχειρήσεων, βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη και ESG επενδύσεις
Creators: name: Καραμαλικης Ιωαννης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Στην σημερινή εποχή όσο περισσότερο ενδυναμώνεται και εδραιώνεται ο αναγκαίος ρόλος και η παρουσία των ιδιωτικών επιχειρήσεων, τόσο περισσότερο καθίσταται αναγκαία και η ανάλυση και η κριτική της επιχειρηματικής ηθικής και της κοινωνικής ευθύνης. Η ηθική ασχολείται με το ποιες ανθρώπινες πράξεις είναι αποδεκτές και ορθές και ποιες ανάρμοστες και λανθασμένες. Ωστόσο, στα θέματα ηθικής σπάνια υπάρχει γενική συμφωνία απόψεων και ακόμη και ο προσδιορισμός για το ποιο είναι το κεντρικό ή θεμελιώδες ζήτημα αποτελεί αντικείμενο διαφωνιών. Σήμερα, η βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη είναι ταυτόσημη με ανάπτυξη που είναι επαναλαμβανόμενη, ηθική και υπεύθυνη για τις τρέχουσες και μελλοντικές κοινότητες. Αυτή η έννοια αποτελεί και το κλειδί για τη μακροπρόθεσμη επιτυχία οποιασδήποτε επιχείρησης. Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο αναπτύσσονται οι Κοινωνικά Υπεύθυνες Επενδύσεις (ΚΥΕ), που λαμβάνουν υπόψη, εκτός από τα κριτήρια χρηματοοικονομικής απόδοσης, τα κριτήρια κοινωνικής, περιβαλλοντικής και εταιρικής διακυβέρνησης (ESG).
Market-Based Environmental Policies
Creators: name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: market-based instruments
subject: Pigovian taxes
subject: tradable permits
subject: deposit-refund systems

description: Some eighty years ago, economists first proposed the use of corrective taxes to internalize environmental and other externalities. Fifty years later, the portfolio of potential economic-incentive instruments was expanded to include quantity-based mechanisms--tradable permits. Thus, economic-incentive approaches to environmental protection are clearly not a new policy idea, and over the past two decades, they have held varying degrees of prominence in environmental policy discussions. This paper summarizes U.S. experiences with such market-based policy instruments, including: pollution charges; deposit-refund systems; tradable permits; market barrier reductions; and government subsidy reductions. No particular form of government intervention, no individual policy instrument-- whether market-based or conventional--is appropriate for all environmental problems. Which instrument is best in any given situation depends upon a variety of characteristics of the environmental problem, and the social, political, and economic context in which it is being regulated. There is no policy panacea. Indeed, the real challenge for bureaucrats, elected officials, and other participants in the environmental policy process comes in analyzing and then selecting the best instrument for each situation that arises.