cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite-Mass Effects on Inclusive B-Meson Hadroproduction
Creators: name: Kniehl, B. A.
name: Kramer, G.
name: Schienbein, I.
name: Spiesberger, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the transverse-momentum (p_T) distribution for the inclusive hadroproduction of B mesons at intermediate values of p_T at next-to-leading order (NLO) in a dedicated finite-mass scheme using realistic non-perturbative fragmentation functions that are obtained through a global fit to e^+e^- data from CERN LEP1 and SLAC SLC exploiting their universality and scaling violations. We find that finite-mass effects moderately enhance the cross section, by about 20% at p_T = 2 m_b, and rapidly fade out with increasing value of p_T, so that the zero-mass prediction is reached. We also perform comparisons with recent ppbar data taken by the CDF Collaboration in run II at the Fermilab Tevatron and comment on the usefulness of the fixed-flavor-number scheme.
description: 27 pages, 11 figures; comparison w/ preliminary CDF data included, discussion extended, figure and references added; shown that familiar factor 3 between CDF data and "NLO QCD" is eliminated by using up-to-date PDF set and alpha_s value; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Discreteness of Space from Anisotropic Spin-Orbit Interaction
Creators: name: Ali, Ahmed Farag
name: Majumder, Barun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Various approaches to Quantum Gravity suggest an existence of a minimal measurable length. The cost to have such minimal length could be modified uncertainty principle, modified dispersion relation, non-commutative geometry or breaking of continuous Lorentz symmetry. In this paper, we propose that minimal length can be obtained naturally through spin-orbit interaction. We consider Dresselhaus anisotropic spin-orbit interaction as the perturbative Hamiltonian. When applied to a particle, it implies that the space, which seizes this particle, should be quantized in terms of units that depend on particle's mass. This suggests that all measurable lengths in the space are quantized in units depending on existent mass and the Dresselhaus coupling constant. On one side, this indicates a breakdown of the space continuum picture near the scale of tabletop experiments, and on the other side, it proposes that spin-orbit interaction is a possible quantum gravity effect at low energy scale that leads naturally to space quantization.
title: Современные институты права коренных малочисленных народов и новейшие тенденции их развития в России
title: Modern Institutions of Indigenous Peoples’ Law and the Latest Trends in Their Development in Russia
Creators: name: Филиппова, Наталья Алексеевна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2021

description: В статье систематизированы законодательные новеллы права коренных народов Российской Федерации второго десятилетия XXI века и выделены общие тенденции его развития: изменение соотношения частноправового и публично-правового, федерального и регионального регулирования аборигенных отношений; персонификация права на сохранение традиционного образа жизни; замещение публичного представительства этих народов иными современными формами представительства при сохранении традиционных представительных институтов. Новейшие институты права коренных малочисленных народов описаны в их системной взаимосвязи; сформулировано авторское определение этнологической экспертизы, учитывающее тенденции развития российского права коренных малочисленных народов.
description: The article systematizes the legislative innovations in the law of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation in the second decade of the 21st century. The general trends of its development are high-lighted: change in the ratio of private law and public law, federal and regional regulation of aboriginal relations; personification of the right to preserve the traditional way of life; replacement of the public representation of these peoples with other modern forms of representation while preserving traditional representative institutions. The newest institutions of the law of indigenous peoples are described in a broader context. The author’s definition of ethnological expertise is formulated, taking into account the latest trends in the development of the Russian law of indigenous peoples.
Double Asymptotic Structures of Topologically Interlocked Molecules
Creators: name: Li, Jiang-Tao
name: Gu, Fang
name: Yao, Ning
name: Wang, Hai-Jun
name: Liao, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mean square size of topologically interlocked molecules (TIMs) is presented as a linear combination of contributions from the backbone and subcomponents. Using scaling analyses and extensive molecular dynamics simulations of polycatenanes, as a typical example of TIMs, we show that the effective exponent $ν(m)$ for the size dependence of the backbone on the monomer number of subcomponent $m$ is asymptotic to a value $ν$ (approximately 0.588 in good solvents) with a correction of $m^{-0.47}$, which is the same as for the covalently linked polymer. However, the effective exponent for the size dependence of subcomponents on $m$ is asymptotic to the same value $ν$ but with a new correction of $m^{-1.0}$. The different corrections to the scaling on the backbone and subcomponent structure induce a surprising double asymptotic behavior for the architecture of the TIMs. The scaling model that takes into account the double asymptotic behavior is in good quantitative agreement with the simulation result that the effective exponent for the size dependence of TIMs on $m$ increases with the subcomponent number $n$. The full scaling functional form of the size dependence on $m$ and $n$ for polycatenanes in a good solvent is well described by a simple sum of two limiting behaviors with different corrections.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Fifth-Force Screening around Extremely Compact Sources
Creators: name: Burrage, Clare
name: Elder, Benjamin
name: Millington, Peter
name: Saadeh, Daniela
name: Thrussell, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many non-linear scalar field theories possess a screening mechanism that can suppress any associated fifth force in dense environments. As a result, these theories can evade local experimental tests of new forces. Chameleon-like screening, which occurs because of non-linearities in the scalar potential or the coupling to matter, is well understood around extended objects. However, many experimental tests of these theories involve objects with spatial extent much smaller than the scalar field's Compton wavelength, and which could therefore be considered point-like. In this work, we determine how the fifth forces are screened in the limit that the source objects become extremely compact.
description: revtex format, 47 pages, 3 figures
Chemical variation with altitude and longitude on exo-Neptunes: Predictions for Ariel phase-curve observations
Creators: name: Moses, Julianne I.
name: Tremblin, Pascal
name: Venot, Olivia
name: Miguel, Yamila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using 2D thermal structure models and pseudo-2D chemical kinetics models, we explore how atmospheric temperatures and composition change as a function of altitude and longitude within the equatorial regions of close-in transiting Neptune-class exoplanets at different distances from their host stars. Our models predict that the day-night stratospheric temperature contrasts increase with increasing planetary effective temperatures T_eff; atmospheric composition also changes significantly with T_eff. Horizontal transport-induced quenching is very effective in our simulated exo-Neptune atmospheres, acting to homogenize the vertical profiles of species abundances with longitude at stratospheric pressures where infrared observations are sensitive. Our models have important implications for planetary emission observations as a function of orbital phase with the Ariel mission. Cooler solar-composition exo-Neptunes with T_eff = 500-700 K are predicted to have small variations in infrared emission spectra with orbital phase, making them less robust phase-curve targets for Ariel. Hot solar-composition exo-Neptunes with T_eff > 1300 K exhibit strong variations in infrared emission with orbital phase but are arguably less interesting from an atmospheric chemistry standpoint, with spectral signatures being dominated by a small number of species whose abundances are expected to be constant with longitude and consistent with thermochemical equilibrium. Solar-composition exo-Neptunes with T_eff = 900-1100 K reside in an interesting intermediate regime, with infrared phase curve variations being affected by both temperature and composition variations. This interesting intermediate regime shifts to smaller temperatures as atmospheric metallicity is increased, making cool higher-metallicity Neptune-class planets appropriate targets for Ariel phase-curve observations.
description: submitted to an Ariel special issue in Experimental Astronomy, 29-July-2020. Revised 12-Jan-2021
S10 Full Materials and Methods from Tropical mammal functional diversity increases with productivity but decreases with anthropogenic disturbance
Creators: name: Gorczynski, Daniel
name: Hsieh, Chia
name: Jadelys Tonos Luciano
name: Ahumada, Jorge
name: Espinosa, Santiago
name: Steig Johnson
name: Rovero, Francesco
name: Santos, Fernanda
name: Mahandry Hugues Andrianarisoa
name: Astaiza, Johanna Hurtado
name: Jansen, Patrick A.
name: Kayijamahe, Charles
name: Lima, Marcela Guimarães Moreira
name: Salvador, Julia
name: Beaudrot, Lydia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A variety of factors can affect the biodiversity of tropical mammal communities, but their relative importance and directionality remain uncertain. Previous global investigations of mammal functional diversity have relied on range maps instead of observational data to determine community composition. We test the effects of species pools, habitat heterogeneity, primary productivity and human disturbance on the functional diversity (dispersion and richness) of mammal communities using the largest standardized tropical forest camera trap monitoring system, the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network. We use occupancy values derived from the camera trap data to calculate occupancy-weighted functional diversity and use Bayesian generalized linear regression to determine the effects of multiple predictors. Mammal community functional dispersion increased with primary productivity, while functional richness decreased with human-induced local extinctions and was significantly lower in Madagascar than other tropical regions. The significant positive relationship between functional dispersion and productivity was evident only when functional dispersion was weighted by species' occupancies. Thus, observational data from standardized monitoring can reveal the drivers of mammal communities in ways that are not readily apparent from range map-based studies. The positive association between occupancy-weighted functional dispersion of tropical forest mammal communities and primary productivity suggests that unique functional traits may be more beneficial in more productive ecosystems and may allow species to persist at higher abundances.
The NMSSM Solution to the Fine-Tuning Problem, Precision Electroweak Constraints and the Largest LEP Higgs Event Excess
Creators: name: Dermisek, Radovan
name: Gunion, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extended study of how the Next to Minimal Supersymmetric Model easily avoids fine-tuning in electroweak symmetry breaking for a SM-like light Higgs with mass in the vicinity of $100\gev$, as beautifully consistent with precision electroweak data, while escaping LEP constraints due to the dominance of $h\to aa$ decays with $m_a<2m_b$ so that $a\to \tauptaum$ or jets. The residual $\sim 10%$ branching ratio for $h\to b\anti b$ explains perfectly the well-known LEP excess at $\mh\sim 100\gev$. Details of model parameter correlations and requirements are discussed as a function $\tan(β)$. Comparisons of fine-tuning in the NMSSM to that in the MSSM are presented. We also discuss fine-tuning associated with scenarios in which the $a$ is essentially pure singlet, has mass $m_a>30\gev$, and decays primarily to $\gam\gam$ leading to an $h\to aa\to 4\gam$ Higgs signal.
description: 26 pages, 37 figures, published version with minor text and reference improvements
A revisited study of Cepheids in open clusters in the Gaia era
Creators: name: Medina, Gustavo E.
name: Lemasle, Bertrand
name: Grebel, Eva K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we revisit the problem of identifying bona fide cluster Cepheids by performing an all-sky search for Cepheids associated with open clusters and making use of state-of-the-art catalogued information for both Cepheids and clusters, based on the unparalleled astrometric precision of the second and early third data releases of the Gaia satellite. We determine membership probabilities by following a Bayesian approach using spatial and kinematic information of the potential cluster-Cepheid pairs. We confirm 19 Cepheid-cluster associations considered in previous studies as bona-fide, and question the established cluster membership of six other associations. In addition, we identify 138 cluster Cepheid candidates of potential interest, mostly in recently discovered open clusters. We report on at least two new clusters possibly hosting more than one Cepheid. Furthermore, we explore the feasibility of using open clusters hosting Cepheids to empirically determine the Cepheid period-age relation through the use of Gaia and 2MASS photometry and a semi-automated method to derive cluster ages. We conclude that the usage of cluster Cepheids as tentative probes of the period-age relations still faces difficulties due to the sparsely populated red giant branch and the stochastically sampled main-sequence turn-off of the open clusters, making age determinations a challenging task. This biases the age-dateable cluster selection for Cepheid period-age studies towards older and high-mass clusters.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Accepted 2021 April 28. Received 2021 March 31; in original form 2020 October 6
Comment on "Ab initio calculation of the shift photocurrent by Wannier interpolation"
Creators: name: Lihm, Jae-Mo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, Ibañez-Azpiroz et al. [Phys. Rev. B 97, 245143 (2018)] derive a band-truncation-error-free formula for calculating the generalized derivative of the interband dipole matrix using Wannier interpolation. In practice, the denominators involving intermediate states are regularized by introducing a finite broadening parameter. In this Comment, I show that when a finite broadening parameter is used, a correction term must be added to the generalized derivative to obtain results that are independent of the phase convention for the Bloch sums.
Restricted quantum-classical correspondence and counting statistics for a coherent transition
Creators: name: Chuchem, Maya
name: Cohen, Doron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional probabilistic point of view implies that if a particle has a probability $p$ to make a transition from one site to another site, then the average transport should be $=p}$ with a variance $Var(Q)=(1-p)p$. In the quantum mechanical context this observation becomes a non-trivial manifestation of restricted quantum-classical correspondence. We demonstrate this observation by considering the full counting statistics which is associated with a two level coherent transition in the context of a continuous quantum measurement process. In particular we test the possibility of getting a valid result for $Var(Q)$ within the framework of the adiabatic picture, analyzing the simplest non-trivial example of a Landau-Zener crossing.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
title: Основы градостроительного проектирования поселений
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Профобразование
Year: 2021

description: В учебном пособии раскрыты принципы формирования планировочной и архитектурной композиции для создания комфортной среды обитания. В издании рассмотрены основные модели процесса развития поселений, их жизненный цикл и характерные черты развития, а также интеллектуальные системы, применяемые при планировании поселения. Подготовлено с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта среднего профессионального образования. Предназначено для изучения дисциплины «Основы градостроительного проектирования поселений с элементами благоустройства селитебных территорий» по специальности 07.02.01 «Архитектура». Издание также будет полезно студентам специальностей 21.02.05 «Земельно-имущественные отношения», 21.02.06 «Информационные системы обеспечения градостроительной деятельности» при изучении дисциплин «Градостроительство», «Основы градостроительства».
CHANGES IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM THAT OCCUR WITH THE COMBINED USE OF ANTIHYPERTENSION DRUGS
Creators: name: Akhundzhonova, Khakima
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In this article, the analysis of literature data on the clinical efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs shows that there is a significant difference between original and generic drugs, both in therapeutic equivalence and in the frequency and severity of adverse reactions caused by them.
Nanodevices engineering and spin transport properties of MnBi2Te4 monolayer
Creators: name: An, Yipeng
name: Wang, Kun
name: Gong, Shijing
name: Hou, Yusheng
name: Ma, Chunlan
name: Zhu, Mingfu
name: Zhao, Chuanxi
name: Wang, Tianxing
name: Ma, Shuhong
name: Wang, Heyan
name: Wu, Ruqian
name: Liu, Wuming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials are essential for the development of the next-generation spintronic technologies. Recently, layered van der Waals (vdW) compound MnBi2Te4 (MBT) has attracted great interest, and its 2D structure has been reported to host coexisting magnetism and topology. Here, we design several conceptual nanodevices based on MBT monolayer (MBT-ML) and reveal their spin-dependent transport properties by means of the first-principles calculations. The pn-junction diodes and sub-3-nm pin-junction field-effect transistors (FETs) show a strong rectifying effect and a spin filtering effect, with an ideality factor n close to 1 even at a reasonably high temperature. In addition, the pip- and nin-junction FETs give an interesting negative differential resistive (NDR) effect. The gate voltages can tune currents through these FETs in a large range. Furthermore, the MBT-ML has a strong response to light. Our results uncover the multifunctional nature of MBT-ML, pave the road for its applications in diverse next-generation semiconductor spin electric devices.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Semiclassical scalar propagators in curved backgrounds: formalism and ambiguities
Creators: name: Grain, J.
name: Barrau, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenology of quantum systems in curved space-times is among the most fascinating fields of physics, allowing --often at the gedankenexperiment level-- constraints on tentative theories of quantum gravity. Determining the dynamics of fields in curved backgrounds remains however a complicated task because of the highly intricate partial differential equations involved, especially when the space metric exhibits no symmetry. In this article, we provide --in a pedagogical way-- a general formalism to determine this dynamics at the semiclassical order. To this purpose, a generic expression for the semiclassical propagator is computed and the equation of motion for the probability four-current is derived. Those results underline a direct analogy between the computation of the propagator in general relativistic quantum mechanics and the computation of the propagator for stationary systems in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. A possible application of this formalism to curvature-induced quantum interferences is also discussed.
description: New materials on gravitationally-induced quantum interferences has been added
Supplementary Information from Tropical mammal functional diversity increases with productivity but decreases with anthropogenic disturbance
Creators: name: Gorczynski, Daniel
name: Hsieh, Chia
name: Jadelys Tonos Luciano
name: Ahumada, Jorge
name: Espinosa, Santiago
name: Steig Johnson
name: Rovero, Francesco
name: Santos, Fernanda
name: Mahandry Hugues Andrianarisoa
name: Astaiza, Johanna Hurtado
name: Jansen, Patrick A.
name: Kayijamahe, Charles
name: Lima, Marcela Guimarães Moreira
name: Salvador, Julia
name: Beaudrot, Lydia
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A variety of factors can affect the biodiversity of tropical mammal communities, but their relative importance and directionality remain uncertain. Previous global investigations of mammal functional diversity have relied on range maps instead of observational data to determine community composition. We test the effects of species pools, habitat heterogeneity, primary productivity and human disturbance on the functional diversity (dispersion and richness) of mammal communities using the largest standardized tropical forest camera trap monitoring system, the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network. We use occupancy values derived from the camera trap data to calculate occupancy-weighted functional diversity and use Bayesian generalized linear regression to determine the effects of multiple predictors. Mammal community functional dispersion increased with primary productivity, while functional richness decreased with human-induced local extinctions and was significantly lower in Madagascar than other tropical regions. The significant positive relationship between functional dispersion and productivity was evident only when functional dispersion was weighted by species' occupancies. Thus, observational data from standardized monitoring can reveal the drivers of mammal communities in ways that are not readily apparent from range map-based studies. The positive association between occupancy-weighted functional dispersion of tropical forest mammal communities and primary productivity suggests that unique functional traits may be more beneficial in more productive ecosystems and may allow species to persist at higher abundances.
Vasodilators and venous tone
Creators: name: D'Oyley, Heather M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of various membrane receptor-mediated and receptor-independent vasodilators on the resistance and capacitance vessels of conscious, unrestrained rats by measuring mean arterial pressure (MAP) and mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), an index of total body venous tone. ln the first set of experiments the dose-response effects of the directly-acting vasodilators nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine were determined in intact rats as well as in rats treated with the ganglionic blocker, hexamethonium. The effects of these drugs were compared with those of the vehicle, normal saline, in control rats. In intact rats, iv infusion of nitroglycerin did not alter MAP while iv infusions of nitroprusside and hydralazine caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP. In intact rats, nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside did. not affect MCFP while hydralazine increased MCFP. After treatment with hexamethonium all three drugs decreased MCFP, though the decreases in MCFP caused by hydralazine were not significantly different from the corresponding changes in saline-treated rats. Therefore, sodium nitroprusside and hydralazine but not nitroglycerin were effective arteriolar dilators in intact rats; all three drugs dilated arterioles in ganglionic-blocked rats, ln intact rats, the direct venodilator actions of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were masked by endogenous sympathetic tone. When sympathetic nerve activity was attenuated, both drugs had venodilatory effects. Hydralazine, on the other hand, hao insignificant venodilatory effects both in the presence and absence of the sympathetic reflexes. In the second set of experiments we determined the dose-response effects of hexamethonium, phentolamine, prazosin and rauwolscine — the latter being non-selective ⍺, ⍺₁-selective, and ⍺₂-selective adrenoceptor antagonists, respectively — in intact rats. Prazosin and rauwolscine were also administered to rats with reflexly increased venous tone induced by the infusion of hydralazine. In intact rats iv infusions of prazosin, phentolamine and rauwolscine all caused dose-dependent decreases in MAP; only rauwolscine reduced MCFP to levels slightly below control. Hexamethonium caused a aecrease in MAP as well as a markea reduction in MCFP. After venous tone was raised by the infusion of hydralazine, both prazosin and rauwolscine dose-dependently decreased MCFP. Therefore, the resistance and capacitance vessels contain both ⍺₁- and ⍺₂-adrenoceptors. in the intact rat, however, the capacitance vessels are somewhat resistant to the effects of postjunctionally acting ⍺-antagonists in contrast to the effects of hexamethonium which acts at the level of the ganglion.
Ambipolar Diffusion in Molecular Cloud Cores and the Gravomagneto Catastrophe
Creators: name: Adams, Fred C.
name: Shu, Frank H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper re-examines the problem of ambipolar diffusion as a mechanism for the production and runaway evolution of centrally condensed molecular cloud cores, a process that has been termed the gravomagneto catastrophe. Our calculation applies in the geometric limit of a highly flattened core and allows for a semi-analytic treatment of the full problem, although physical fixes are required to resolve a poor representation of the central region. A noteworthy feature of the overall formulation is that the solutions for the ambipolar diffusion portion of the evolution for negative times ($t < 0$) match smoothly onto the collapse solutions for positive times ($t > 0$). The treatment shows that the resulting cores display non-zero, but sub-magnetosonic, inward velocities at the end of the diffusion epoch, in agreement with current observations. Another important result is the derivation of an analytic relationship between the dimensionless mass to flux ratio $λ_0\equiv f_0^{-1}$ of the central regions produced by runaway core condensation and the dimensionless measure of the rate of ambipolar diffusion $ε$. In conjunction with previous work showing that ambipolar diffusion takes place more quickly in the presence of turbulent fluctuations, i.e., that the effective value of $ε$ can be enhanced by turbulence, the resultant theory provides a viable working hypothesis for the formation of isolated molecular-cloud cores and their subsequent collapse to form stars and planetary systems.
description: 49 pages including 8 figures and 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
One-loop corrections to light neutrino masses in gauged U(1) extensions of the standard model
Creators: name: Iwamoto, Sho
name: Kärkkäinen, Timo J.
name: Péli, Zoltán
name: Trócsányi, Zoltán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider gauged U(1) extensions of the standard model of particle physics with three right-handed sterile neutrinos and a singlet scalar. The neutrinos obtain mass via the type I seesaw mechanism. We compute the one loop corrections to the elements of the tree level mass matrix of the light neutrinos and show explicitly the cancellation of the gauge dependent terms. We present a general formula for the gauge independent, finite one-loop corrections for arbitrary number new U(1) groups, new complex scalars and sterile neutrinos. We estimate the size of the corrections relative to the tree level mass matrix in a particular extension, the super-weak model.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures
An On-Demand Coherent Single Electron Source
Creators: name: Fève, Gwendal
name: Mahé, Adrien
name: Berroir, Jean-Marc
name: Kontos, Takis
name: Plaçais, Bernard
name: Glattli, Christian
name: Cavanna, A.
name: Etienne, Bernard
name: Jin, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the electron analog of the single photon gun. On demand single electron injection in a quantum conductor was obtained using a quantum dot connected to the conductor via a tunnel barrier. Electron emission is triggered by application of a potential step which compensates the dot charging energy. Depending on the barrier transparency the quantum emission time ranges from 0.1 to 10 nanoseconds. The single electron source should prove useful for the implementation of quantum bits in ballistic conductors. Additionally periodic sequences of single electron emission and absorption generate a quantized AC-current.
Revealing the Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi Relation in Halide-Activated Fast MoS2 Growth Towards Millimeter-Sized 2D Crystals
Creators: name: Ji, Qingqing
name: Su, Cong
name: Mao, Nannan
name: Tian, Xuezeng
name: Idrobo, Juan-Carlos
name: Miao, Jianwei
name: Tisdale, William A.
name: Zettl, Alex
name: Li, Ju
name: Kong, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Achieving large-size two-dimensional (2D) crystals is key to fully exploiting their remarkable functionalities and application potentials. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of 2D semiconductors such as monolayer MoS2 has been reported to be activated by halide salts, yet clear identification of the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here we provide unambiguous experimental evidence showing that the MoS2 growth dynamics are halogen-dependent through the Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relation, based on which we build a growth model by considering MoS2 edge passivation by halogens, and theoretically reproduces the trend of our experimental observations. These mechanistic understandings enable us to further optimize the fast growth of MoS2 and reach record-large domain sizes that should facilitate practical applications.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
title: Русский язык как иностранный
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2021

description: Учебно-методическое пособие включает 13 занятий лингвокраеведческого характера и предназначено для обучения различным видам речевой деятельности на материале научного стиля речи. Издание содержит тексты, предтекстовые и послетекстовые упражнения по обучению чтению, аудированию, говорению и письму. Грамматический материал представлен в виде схем. В приложении даны иллюстрации к текстам. Предназначено для иностранных студентов всех специальностей и направлений обучения с различным уровнем владения русским языком.
Thermodynamic modeling of the Hf-Si-O system
Creators: name: Shin, Dongwon
name: Arróyave, Raymundo
name: Liu, Zi-Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hf-O system has been modeled by combining existing experimental data and first-principles calculations results through the CALPHAD approach. Special quasirandom structures of $α$ and $β$ hafnium were generated to calculate the mixing behavior of oxygen and vacancies. For the total energy of oxygen, vibrational, rotational and translational degrees of freedom were considered. The Hf-O system was combined with previously modeled Hf-Si and Si-O systems, and the ternary compound in the Hf-Si-O system, HfSiO$_4$ has been introduced to calculate the stability diagrams pertinent to the thin film processing.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
title: Вопросы реализации конституционного принципа равенства в гендерном аспекте (на примере формирования представительных органов власти)
title: Implementation Issues of Constitutional Principle of Equality in Gender Aspect (On the Example of Formation of Representative Bodies of Power)
Creators: name: Шиндина, Анна Владимировна
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2021

description: Качественная реализация конституционного принципа равенства является неким критерием оценки законодательного регулирования как прав и свобод, закрепленных непосредственно в Конституции Российской Федерации, так и прав, приобретаемых на основании закона. В настоящей работе отдельно рассмотрен один из неотъемлемых составных элементов указанного принципа – гендерное равенство в призме современной реализации формирования представительных органов государственной власти как в Российской Федерации, так и в ряде зарубежных стран. Изучение гендерного равенства позволило прийти к выводу о неоднородности его законодательного закрепления (от обязательного соблюдения в скандинавских странах, до диаметрально противоположного понимания в мусульманских странах). Автор обосновывает свою точку зрения на развитие гендерного равенства не как на отстаивание особых прав отдельной категории, а как на признание равенства личной ценности без атрибутов пола, расы, возраста.
description: The good implementation of the constitutional principle of equality is a certain criterion for evaluating the legislative regulation of both the rights and freedoms enshrined directly in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the rights acquired based on the law. The paper separately considers one of the integral components of this principle that is gender equality in the context of the modern implementation of the formation of representative bodies of state power both in the Russian Federation and in several foreign countries. The study of gender equality allowed assuming the heterogeneity of its legislative consolidation (from mandatory compliance in the Scandinavian countries, to complete rejection in the Muslim countries). The author's point of view about the development of gender equality not as a defense of special rights of a particular category, but as a recognition of the equality of personal value without attributes of gender, race, and age, is substantiated.
Supersymmetric solitons and a degeneracy of solutions in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Anabalon, Andres
name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Lorentzian supersymmetric configurations in $D=4$ and $D=5$ gauged $\mathcal{N}=2$ supergravity. We show that there are smooth $1/2$ BPS solutions which are asymptotically AdS$_{4}$ and AdS$_{5}$ with a planar boundary, a compact spacelike direction and with a Wilson line on that circle. There are solitons where the $S^{1}$ shrinks smoothly to zero in the interior, with a magnetic flux through the circle determined by the Wilson line, which are AdS analogues of the Melvin fluxtube. There is also a solution with a constant gauge field, which is pure AdS. Both solutions preserve half of the supersymmetries at a special value of the Wilson line. There is a phase transition between these two saddle-points as a function of the Wilson line precisely at the supersymmetric point. Thus, the supersymmetric solutions are degenerate, at least at the supergravity level. We extend this discussion to one of the Romans solutions in four dimensions when the Euclidean boundary is $S^{1}\timesΣ_{g}$ where $Σ_{g}$ is a Riemann surface with genus $g > 0$. We speculate that the supersymmetric state of the CFT on the boundary is dual to a superposition of the two degenerate geometries.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures
Ab initio correlation effects on the electronic and transport properties of metal(II)-phthalocyanine based devices
Creators: name: Calzolari, Arrigo
name: Ferretti, Andrea
name: Nardelli, Marco Buongiorno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first principles calculations in the framework of Density Functional Theory, we investigated the electronic and transport properties of metal(II)-phthalocyanine (M(II)Pc) systems, both in a single molecule configuration and in a model-device geometry. In particular, using the Copper(II)- and Manganese(II)-Pc as prototypical examples, we studied how electronic correlations on the central metal-ion influence the analysis of the electronic structure of the system and we demonstrated that the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, also beyond the standard local or gradient corrected level, is of crucial importance for a correct interpretation of the data. Finally, our electronic transport simulations have shown that M(II)Pc-based devices can act selectively as molecular conductors, as in the case of Copper, or as spin valves, as in the case of Manganese, demonstrating once more the great potential of these systems for molecular nanoelectronics applications.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Nanotechnology (2007), in press
A dynamical mean-field theory study of Nagaoka ferromagnetism
Creators: name: Park, Hyowon
name: Haule, K.
name: Marianetti, C. A.
name: Kotliar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit Nagaoka ferromagnetism in the U=oo Hubbard model within the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) using the recently developed continuous time quantum Monte Carlo method as the impurity solver. The stability of Nagaoka ferromagnetism is studied as a function of the temperature, the doping level, and the next-nearest-neighbor lattice hopping t'. We found that the nature of the phase transition as well as the stability of the ferromagnetic state is very sensitive to the t' hopping. Negative t'=-0.1t stabilizes ferromagnetism up to higher doping levels. The paramagnetic state is reached through a first order phase transition. Alternatively, a second order phase transition is observed at t'=0. Very near half-filling, the coherence temperature T_{coh} of the paramagnetic metal becomes very low and ferromagnetism evolves out of an incoherent metal rather than conventional Fermi liquid. We use the DMFT results to benchmark slave-boson method which might be useful in more complicated geometries.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Light Pseudoscalars in Little Higgs Models at the ILC
Creators: name: Reuter, Jurgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of light pseudoscalar particles, the so-called pseudoaxions, within Little Higgs models, focusing on their phenomenology at the ILC. We especially discuss a method of how to distinguish between the two basic classes of Little Higgs models, the product and simple group models, by a specific production channel and decay mode. These are strictly forbidden in the product group models.
description: Talk given at the LCWS/ILC 2007 at DESY, Hamburg
Relativistic cosmology and large-scale structure
Creators: name: Tsagas, Christos G.
name: Challinor, Anthony
name: Maartens, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity marked the beginning of modern cosmology and it has since been at the centre of many of the key developments in this field. In the present review, we discuss the general-relativistic dynamics and perturbations of the standard cosmological model, the Friedmann-Lemaitre universe, and how these can explain and predict the properties of the observable universe. Our aim is to provide an overview of the progress made in several major research areas, such as linear and non-linear cosmological perturbations, large-scale structure formation and the physics of the cosmic microwave background radiation, in view of current and upcoming observations. We do this by using a single formalism throughout the review, the 1+3 covariant approach to cosmology, which allows for a uniform and balanced presentation of technical information and physical insight.
description: Several minor changes, typos corrected, references added and updated (Physics Reports in press)
Gaussianity of LISA's confusion backgrounds
Creators: name: Racine, Etienne
name: Cutler, Curt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data analysis for the proposed Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be complicated by the huge number of sources in the LISA band. Throughout much of the band, galactic white dwarf binaries (GWDBs) are sufficiently dense in frequency space that it will be impossible to resolve most of them, and "confusion noise" from the unresolved Galactic binaries will dominate over instrumental noise in determining LISA's sensitivity to other sources in that band. Confusion noise from unresolved extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) could also contribute significantly to LISA's total noise curve. To date, estimates of the effect of LISA's confusion noise on matched-filter searches and their detection thresholds have generally approximated the noise as Gaussian, based on the Central Limit Theorem. However in matched-filter searches, the appropriate detection threshold for a given class of signals may be located rather far out on the tail of the signal-to-noise probability distribution, where a priori it is unclear whether the Gaussian approximation is reliable. Using the Edgeworth expansion and the theory of large deviations, we investigate the probability distribution of the usual matched-filter detection statistic, far out on the tail of the distribution. We apply these tools to four somewhat idealized versions of specific LISA searches.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review D
The Dark Side of a Patchwork Universe
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While observational cosmology has recently progressed fast, it revealed a serious dilemma called dark energy: an unknown source of exotic energy with negative pressure driving a current accelerating phase of the universe. All attempts so far to find a convincing theoretical explanation have failed, so that one of the last hopes is the yet to be developed quantum theory of gravity. In this article, loop quantum gravity is considered as a candidate, with an emphasis on properties which might play a role for the dark energy problem. Its basic feature is the discrete structure of space, often associated with quantum theories of gravity on general grounds. This gives rise to well-defined matter Hamiltonian operators and thus sheds light on conceptual questions related to the cosmological constant problem. It also implies typical quantum geometry effects which, from a more phenomenological point of view, may result in dark energy. In particular the latter scenario allows several non-trivial tests which can be made more precise by detailed observations in combination with a quantitative study of numerical quantum gravity. If the speculative possibility of a loop quantum gravitational origin of dark energy turns out to be realized, a program as outlined here will help to hammer out our ideas for a quantum theory of gravity, and at the same time allow predictions for the distant future of our universe.
description: 24 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the special issue on Dark Energy by Gen. Rel. Grav
Spitzer-IRAC GLIMPSE of high mass protostellar objects. I Infrared point sources and nebulae
Creators: name: Kumar, M. S. N.
name: Grave, J. M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GLIMPSE archive was used to obtain 3.6--8.0micron, point source photometry and images for 381 massive protostellar candidates lying in the Galactic mid-plane. The colours, magnitudes and spectral indicies of sources in each of the 381 target fields were analysed and compared with the predictions of 2D radiative transfer model simulations. Although no discernable embedded clusters were found in any targets, multiple sources or associations of redenned young stellar objects were found in many sources indicating multiplicity at birth. The spectral index ($α$) of these point sources in 3.6--8.0mum bands display large values of $α$=2--5. A color-magnitude analog plot was used to identify 79 infrared counterparts to the HMPOs. Compact nebulae are found in 75% of the detected sources with morphologies that can be well described by core-halo, cometary, shell-like and bipolar geometries similar to those observed in ultra-compact HII regions. The IRAC band SEDs of the IR counterparts of HMPOs are best described to represent YSOs with a mass range of 8--20\msun in their Class I stages when compared with 2D radiative transfer models. They also suggest that the high $α$ values represent reprocessed star/star+disk emission that is arising in the dense envelopes. Thus we are witnessing the luminous envelopes around the protostars rather than their photospheres or disks. We argue that the compact infrared nebulae likely reflect the underlying physical structure of the dense cores and are found to imitate the morphologies of known UCHII regions. Our results favour models of continuuing accretion involving both molecular and ionised accretion components to build the most massive stars rather than purely molecular rapid accretion flows.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted by A&A