Capra Linnaeus 1758
Creators: name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Reeder, DeeAnn
Publisher: name: The Johns Hopkins University Press
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Bovidae
Capra

description: Capra Linnaeus 1758
Capra Linnaeus 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 68.
Type Species: Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758
Species and subspecies: 8 species with 12 subspecies:
Species Capra caucasica Guldenstaedt and Pallas 1779
Subspecies Capra caucasica subsp. caucasica Guldenstaedt and Pallas 1779
Subspecies Capra caucasica subsp. cylindricornis Blyth 1841
Subspecies Capra caucasica subsp. severtzovi Menzbier 1888
Species Capra falconeri Wagner 1839
Subspecies Capra falconeri subsp. falconeri Wagner 1839
Subspecies Capra falconeri subsp. heptneri Zalkin 1945
Subspecies Capra falconeri subsp. megaceros Hutton 1842
Species Capra hircus Linnaeus 1758
Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. hircus Linnaeus 1758
Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. aegagrus Erxleben 1777
Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. chialtanensis (Lydekker 1913)
Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. cretica Schinz 1838
Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. jourensis Ivrea 1899
Subspecies Capra hircus subsp. picta Erhard 1858
Species Capra ibex Linnaeus 1758
Species Capra nubiana F. Cuvier 1825
Species Capra pyrenaica Schinz 1838
Species Capra sibirica Pallas 1776
Species Capra walie Rüppell 1835
Discussion: Reviewed by Coutourier (1962). Includes Orthaegoceros; see Heptner et al. (1961:593). Some authors have included Ammotragus and Ovis; see Ansell (1972:70) and Van Gelder (1977 b). However, most authors have not followed this arrangement; see Gray and Simpson (1980), Gromov and Baranova (1981), Hall (1981), and Corbet and Hill (1991). There is no consensus concerning the number of species to be recognized in this genus; some would recognize only two (hircus and falconeri; see Haltenorth, 1963), while others would recognize up to nine. Heptner et al. (1961) are followed here except that only one species of Tur is recognised. Suggested divisions within the genus according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) are C. caucasica or Hilzheimeria group, C. falconeri or Orthaegoceros group, C. hircus or nominate Capra group, C. ibex or Ibex group (including also nubiana, sibirica, and walie as subspecies, as well as " C. ibex severtzovi "), and C. pyrenaica or Turocapra group. Systematics of the genus has been inferred from mtDNA sequences. Hassanin et al. (1998) suggested the following tree: (C. sibirica, Hemitragus jemlahicus) (( C. nubiana) (( C. hircus, C. falconeri) (( C. caucasica) (C. cylindricornis, C. aegagrus )))). Manceau et al (1999 a) concluded that C. aegagrus and C. ibex sensu lato were polyphyletic, that C. cylindricornis and C. caucasica were distinct, though they did not state whether their material included specimens of the intermediate severtzovi, and that C. pyrenaica was allied to C. ibex. From studies of fossil material, Crégut-Bonnoure (1992) concluded that there were two lineages in late Pleistocene Europe, the ibex lineage, and the caucasica-cylindricornis-pyrenaica lineage.
description: Published as part of Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, pp. 637-722 in Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore :The Johns Hopkins University Press on page 700, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7316519