cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AIDS, gender and behavior change: Women's responses to the pandemic in urban Senegal
Creators: name: Lewis, Michelle Eileen
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4401
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies

description: The findings presented here are the result of an eight month study conducted in Kaolack, Senegal's third largest town. This study looks at women's responses to the threat of AIDS in a predominantly Muslim and polygamous West African society that legalized prostitution in 1969. Thus, it examines the influence of the cultural environment on Senegalese women's willingness and ability to negotiate safe sex in an arena in which they traditionally have had little power. To this end, I employed quantitative and qualitative research methods to assess the AIDS knowledge and behaviors of 68 prostitute and 32 non-prostitute women. As an evaluation of an AIDS campaign targeted at prostitutes in Kaolack, the study compares the responses of campaign participants to those of women who were not part of this or any other education campaign. Informal and formal interviews with both groups of women yielded information about the demographics of the study sample as well as their sexual activities and perception of HIV risk. These data, coupled with participant observation in various settings, shed light on the factors affecting women's willingness and ability to control sexual activities as wives, girlfriends and prostitutes. The main finding of the study is that prostitutes targeted by the AIDS education campaign almost always enforce clients' condom use. This and other evidence testifies to the two-year program's significant success at impeding HIV transmission between prostitutes and their clients. However, in their roles as girlfriends, prostitutes do not always require their partners to wear condoms. Similarly, non-prostitute women are reluctant to discuss condoms with their partners. Like the prostitutes, they do not want to risk losing their husbands by implying one of them might be HIV positive. This dilemma reflects the economic and social dependence of Senegalese women on men and the compromises they make to retain long-term relationships that provide them with economic and social security. It points to the need for a program targeted at men that integrates the effective and culturally appropriate characteristics of the Kaolack AIDS campaign.
Representation theory of some infinite-dimensional algebras arising in continuously controlled algebra and topology
Creators: name: Muro, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G60, 16S50 (primary) 16G20, 16E10, 16E30 (secondary)

description: In this paper we determine the representation type of some algebras of infinite matrices continuously controlled at infinity by a compact metrizable space. We explicitly classify their finitely presented modules in the finite and tame cases. The algebra of row-column-finite (or locally finite) matrices over an arbitrary field is one of the algebras considered in this paper, its representation type is shown to be finite.
description: 33 pages
Doing time together: An exploratory study of incarcerated fathers and their kids
Creators: name: Ransom, Rainey Eloise
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The purpose of this study was to examine whether incarceration affects the father-child relationship, and if so, how. This task was accomplished by interviewing imprisoned fathers about their relationships with their children, and interviewing their respective children regarding the relationships they have with their fathers. These relationships were examined via the use of five measurements: how often the fathers wrote their children, how often the children wrote their fathers, how often the fathers called on the telephone, how each father and child characterized their relationships and in those cases in which the child had been in trouble with the law, whether the father knew about it. The key findings of this study are: (a) Children are more likely to say their fathers write to them even in cases where this might not be true. Moreover, only forty percent of the fathers and their children are in agreement as to how frequently they talk on the telephone. (b) Fathers are more apt than children to fabricate a close familial relationship when one does not exist. (c) If the children get in trouble with the police, they do not tell their fathers. (d) The mothers and/or guardians of the children are generally hostile about their circumstances. (e) For the most part, the incarcerated fathers fabricate the truth as it pertains to their relationships with their families. This project has provided the foundation for future research in an area previously void of study.
ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ РЕФОРМ ТАМОЖЕННОГО АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЯ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ БАНКОМ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ И РАЗВИТИЯ
Creators: name: Терехова Арина Владимировна
Publisher: name: Имущественные отношения в Российской Федерации
Year: 2021
Subjects: ПРОЕКТЫ МБРР ПО ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЮ РЕФОРМ ТАМОЖЕННОЙ СЛУЖБЫ
МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ТАМОЖЕННЫХ ОРГАНОВ
МЕТОДЫ ПРОЕКТНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
РЕФОРМЫ ТАМОЖЕННОГО АДМИНИСТРИРОВАНИЯ
IBRD PROJECTS ON FINANCING CUSTOMS REFORMS
CUSTOMS MODERNIZATION
PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODS
CUSTOMS ADMINISTRATION REFORMS

description: В статье анализируется опыт работы Международного банка реконструкции и развития (МБРР) по финансированию реформ таможенных служб. Приводятся примеры проектов таких реформ в развивающихся странах и в России. Автор выделяется ключевые позиции финансирования проектов и анализирует итоги их реализации. Приходит к выводу, что для развивающихся стран модернизация таможенных служб необходима, особенно в период проведения комплексных реформ, поскольку это одно из направлений совершенствования системы государственного администрирования, а финансирование этого процесса МБРР дает существенный положительный эффект.
Bringing Social Computing to Secondary School Classrooms
Creators: name: Bolante, Kianna
name: Chen, Kevin
name: Chen, Quan Ze
name: Zhang, Amy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social computing is the study of how technology shapes human social interactions. This topic has become increasingly relevant to secondary school students (ages 11--18) as more of young people's everyday social experiences take place online, particularly with the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, social computing topics are rarely touched upon in existing middle and high school curricula. We seek to introduce concepts from social computing to secondary school students so they can understand how computing has wide-ranging social implications that touch upon their everyday lives, as well as think critically about both the positive and negative sides of different social technology designs.
 In this report, we present a series of six lessons combining presentations and hands-on activities covering topics within social computing and detail our experience teaching these lessons to approximately 1,405 students across 13 middle and high schools in our local school district. We developed lessons covering how social computing relates to the topics of Data Management, Encrypted Messaging, Human-Computer Interaction Careers, Machine Learning and Bias, Misinformation, and Online Behavior. We found that 81.13% of students expressed greater interest in the content of our lessons compared to their interest in STEM overall. We also found from pre- and post-lesson comprehension questions that 63.65% learned new concepts from the main activity. We release all lesson materials on a website for public use. From our experience, we observed that students were engaged in these topics and found enjoyment in finding connections between computing and their own lives.
Impacts of Values-Based Supply Chains on Small and Medium-Sized Farms
Creators: name: Hanawa Peterson, Hikaru
name: Feenstra, Gail
name: Ostrom, Marcy
name: Tanaka, Keiko
name: Hanawa Peterson, Hikaru
name: Feenstra, Gail
name: Ostrom, Marcy
name: Tanaka, Keiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: agriculture of the middle
subject: mid-scale farms
subject: small farms
subject: values-based supply chains

description: The U.S. agricultural system comprises enterprises of various scales. At one extreme, undifferentiated farm products are traded in commodity markets, where all enterprises need to handle sufficient volume to generate revenue from narrow margins. At the other extreme are direct marketing channels, where farmers interact directly with consumers, typically on a limited scale. Recently, various marketing entities between these extremes have emerged, providing outlets for small and medium-sized farmers who are too large or otherwise unsuited to sell via direct marketing but too small to compete in commodity markets. These entities regard producers as integral members and differentiate their goods by “values” associated with the production practices, the qualities of the food, or the business relationships along the supply chain to elicit premiums from consumers. Some of these entities have been referred to as “values-based supply chains” (VBSCs). This USDA AFRI-funded project is designed to better understand, evaluate, and improve the performance of VBSCs as profitable outlets for diverse, small and medium-sized farms. Project objectives include: (1) analyzing the current state of knowledge on Values-Based Supply Chains (VBSCs) and their impacts on farmers; (2) investigating farmers’ perceived benefits and challenges of participating in VBSCs, their degree of dependence on VBSCs, and their views on the impacts of VBSCs on the viability of their farms and farming practices; and (3) engaging small and medium-sized farmers and VBSCs to generate and share knowledge with other farmers, supply chain organizers, research and extension professionals, and policy makers. The project team has developed an online database of VBSCs with forward and backward supply linkages to specific groups of small and medium-sized farms. The database lists features of VBSCs—including type of business, products, and value claims— and can be used to analyze key trends in VBSCs. A survey instrument has been developed to be administered in early 2017 to a national sample of farmers who supply to VBSCs to learn how and in what ways these farmers participate in VBSCs and to what extent they benefit from their associations. Our research and outreach efforts address the continuing decline of “agriculture of the middle” by investigating innovative intermediated marketing solutions that allow medium-sized farms to successfully differentiate their products in the marketplace and remain the backbone of resilient food and agricultural systems.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPLEMENTING INNOVATIVE TOURISM SERVICES IN UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Vafoyeva Makhliyyo Jamshidovna  Master's student at Bukhara State University,  Teacher at Bukhara Tourism and Cultural Heritage Technical College
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The article discusses the measures aimed at developing and improving innovative ideas in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as implementing innovations that effectively serve various tourist destinations. The activities and trends developed in this work will lead to a significant shift in the tourism services market, increasing the role of tourism in the country's economy and contributing to its growth. Based on the analysis conducted by the author, a survey titled "The Importance of Implementing Innovative Tourism Ideas in the Country" was developed and carried out with the participation of a large number of people. In this process, pilot testing and qualitative analysis methods were applied. As a result of the survey, it was determined that the growth of innovative ideas in the Republic of Uzbekistan, along with the measures leading to their development, and the high demand from people for these innovations were clearly evident.

    Keywords: Innovative idea, tourist service, tourism services market, pilot test, qualitative analysis, survey, development prospects, demand, guide, virtual reality, innovative technology
Distributor vs. Direct: Farmers, Chefs, and Distributors in the Local Farm to Restaurant Supply Chain
Creators: name: Givens, Graham
name: Dunning, Rebecca
name: Givens, Graham
name: Dunning, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: collaboration
subject: farm to table
subject: food system
subject: restaurants
subject: supply chain
subject: value chain

description: For the past ten years, the National Restaurant Association’s “What’s Hot” Culinary Forecasts have placed local and hyper-local produce, meat, and seafood near the top of the list. As a result, serving “local food” has become a necessity for many restaurants. The two major supply chain channels from local farms to chefs are direct connections, with a farm delivering to a restaurant or chefs shopping at a local farmers market, and through distributors. This research compares fresh produce supply chain relationships, efficiency, and value to chain members when local farm products travel from farms directly to chefs or via produce distributors. Existing research on the farm-to-restaurant supply chain has been confined to understanding chefs’ perceptions (Murphy and Smith 2009), but the entire supply chain and the value for chain members derived from intra-chain information exchange and collaboration must be considered (Dunning 2016; Kwon and Suh, 2004). Our research consists of first-person interviews with chefs, farmers, and a collaborating food service distributor as well as observations of meetings between these three groups of actors over a one-year time period. Additionally, we collect the post-harvest costs and returns to farmers for each distribution channel. The aims of the research are to understand what factors influence chefs in selecting direct versus intermediated local products and under what circumstances direct versus intermediated supply chains most benefit small and mid-scale producers.
Separable and Semiparametric Network-based Counting Processes applied to the International Combat Aircraft Trades
Creators: name: Fritz, Cornelius
name: Thurner, Paul W.
name: Kauermann, Göran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel tie-oriented model for longitudinal event network data. The generating mechanism is assumed to be a multivariate Poisson process that governs the onset and repetition of yearly observed events with two separate intensity functions. We apply the model to a network obtained from the number of international deliveries of combat aircraft trades between 1950 and 2017. Based on a modified trade gravity approach we identify economic and political factors impeding or lightening the number of transfers. Extensive dynamics as well as country heterogeneity require the specification of semiparametric time-varying effects as well as random effects.
title: Study of the RET receptor dysfunctions caused by mutations associated with human neoplastic disorders and developmental diseases
Creators: name: Carniti, Cristiana
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: The ret proto-oncogene encodes a membrane spanning glycoprotein which is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family (Hanks et al. 1988). RET is the signaling component of multi-subunit receptor complexes for the GDNF of family ligands, including GDNF, neurturin, artemin and persephin. The binding components of these receptor complexes are glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-membrane anchored molecules, known as GDNF family receptor α (GFRαs). Four different GFRαs (GFRα1–4) dictate ligand specificity.
 Germline point mutations of RET are responsible for the inheritance of MEN2 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2) cancer syndromes which are usually divided into three different clinical subtypes: MEN2A, MEN2B and FMTC (familial medullary thyroid carcinoma), which are all autosomal dominant cancer syndromes. Inactivating mutations of RET cause an impaired development of the enteric nervous system which is responsible for the Congenital megacolon or Hirschprung's disease (HSCR).
 The aim of my work was to study the expression of different RET mutants in order to highlight their biological role in diverse cellular context. In particular, we focused on gain of function cysteine mutations that are responsible for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) by causing covalent RET dimerisation, leading to ligand-independent activation of its tyrosine kinase. In this context, the association of Cys609 and Cys620 activating mutations with HSCR is still an unresolved paradox. To address this issue, we have developed a transgenic model for human diseases (specifically, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 and Hirschsprung disease) through the insertion of a gain and loss of function RET mutation, the RETC620R in the mouse genome. We have also studied the in vitro effects of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1, which we propose could represent a potential treatment strategy and merits further testing, using in vivo models such as the one we have generated.
Drastic enhancement of magnon thermal conductivity in the Bose-Einstein condensed state of TlCuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Kudo, K.
name: Yamazaki, M.
name: Kawamata, T.
name: Noji, T.
name: Koike, Y.
name: Nishizaki, T.
name: Kobayashi, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the thermal conductivity of a TlCuCl$_3$ single crystal in magnetic fields up to 14 T. It has been found that the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity exhibits a sharp peak at 4 K in zero field, which is suppressed by the application of magnetic fields up to 7 T. The peak is concluded to be attributable to the enhancement of the thermal conductivity due to phonons because of the formation of a spin-gap state. In high magnetic fields above 7 T, on the other hand, another sharp peak appears around 4 K and this is enhanced with increasing magnetic field. This peak is regarded as being attributable to the enhancement of the thermal conductivity due to magnons and/or phonons because of the drastic extension of the mean free path of magnons and/or phonons in the Bose-Einstein condensed state.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Doing time together: An exploratory study of incarcerated fathers and their kids
Creators: name: Ransom, Rainey Eloise
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to examine whether incarceration affects the father-child relationship, and if so, how. This task was accomplished by interviewing imprisoned fathers about their relationships with their children, and interviewing their respective children regarding the relationships they have with their fathers. These relationships were examined via the use of five measurements: how often the fathers wrote their children, how often the children wrote their fathers, how often the fathers called on the telephone, how each father and child characterized their relationships and in those cases in which the child had been in trouble with the law, whether the father knew about it. The key findings of this study are: (a) Children are more likely to say their fathers write to them even in cases where this might not be true. Moreover, only forty percent of the fathers and their children are in agreement as to how frequently they talk on the telephone. (b) Fathers are more apt than children to fabricate a close familial relationship when one does not exist. (c) If the children get in trouble with the police, they do not tell their fathers. (d) The mothers and/or guardians of the children are generally hostile about their circumstances. (e) For the most part, the incarcerated fathers fabricate the truth as it pertains to their relationships with their families. This project has provided the foundation for future research in an area previously void of study.
Time allocation decisions of urban women in a developing country
Creators: name: Glick, Peter Jay
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Female time allocation decisions are examined using household data from Conakry, Guinea, a poor and rapidly growing African urban center. The analysis incorporates two aspects of these decisions that are thought to be particularly important in developing countries: the heterogeneity of labor market choices, and the role of women's non-market productive activities. Trichotomous logit models of female labor market behavior distinguishing between self-employment and wage employment are estimated. Schooling is found to play a major role in sorting women among sectors, with more education strongly increasing the likelihood of wage employment and decreasing the likelihood of self-employment relative to non-participation. Young children appear to encourage entry into self-employment, where childcare and market work are relatively compatible, but not wage employment. The results suggest that increasing girls' access to post-primary education will lead to higher overall participation and a shift to wage or formal sector employment. A simple model of the allocation of women's time to market work and housework is developed and applied to the data. Time allocation decisions are modelled empirically using a simultaneous tobit approach which recognizes the jointness in market and non-market labor supply choices and permits non-participation in either or both activities. Female time use is affected by market opportunities, household composition, and income in ways generally anticipated by theory. The empirical specification permits the measurement of the direct impact of time in one activity on the time in the other and shows that an hour of home work reduces market work by approximately an equivalent amount, while an hour of market work reduces the time in home work by 0.35 hours. Although the strong negative effect of non-market activity on market work seems to show that women's opportunities to engage in income-earning activities are constrained by their domestic responsibilities, conclusions for policies, such as the public provision of childcare services, are not straightforward. Most women already have potential substitute childcare or domestic workers in the form of other adults in the household who are not in the labor force. Policies that raise potential labor market incomes, such as increasing access to general schooling and vocational training, appear to be the most direct way of encouraging greater female participation and time in market-oriented activities.
Segmenting the Sustainable Wine Consumer
Creators: name: McGarry Wolf, Marianne
name: Higgins, Lindsey M.
name: McGarry Wolf, Marianne
name: Higgins, Lindsey M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: consumer segmentation
subject: sustainability
subject: wine

description: There has been sizable growth in sustainably produced wines, with 40% of California producers participating in the Code of Sustainable Wine Growing Practices program. Research suggests that purchasers of sustainable foods have distinct personality, lifestyle, and behavior characteristics and that preferences for environmental characteristics of wine are based on consumer knowledge (Verain et al., 2012). Further, among international consumers, older female millennials living in urban areas and following healthy lifestyles are more likely to buy sustainable wines (Mollá-Bauzá et al., 2005; Forbes et al., 2009). Prior research has developed an understanding of consumer preferences for sustainable products. However, while California leads the nation in wine production and consumption, little is known about which California wine consumers are most likely to purchase sustainable wines. The purpose of this research was to examine the attitudes of wine consumers regarding sustainable production practices and identify the segment most likely to pay for sustainable wine. Consumer understanding of sustainable practices and willingness to pay were also examined. Investment in “sustainability” can take multiple years; this research will help wineries identify their target markets. A survey was conducted among 206 California wine consumers. Respondents were asked to rate the desirability of fourteen wine features. Produced sustainably was an extremely or very desirable characteristic for 42% of respondents, who were therefore identified as sustainable consumers. These consumers were more likely to be female, married, and well educated. The most important attributes of wine for these consumers were varietal, sustainable production, good value, produced with concern for the health and well-being of employees, and water conserving methods. The top wine attributes for non-sustainable consumers were good value, brand, sale priced, and premium quality. Almost two-thirds of sustainable consumers were somewhat familiar with sustainable production practices. When asked to describe wine that is produced sustainably, most respondents indicated minimal impact on the environment and water conservation. However, 7% of sustainable consumers and 20% of non-sustainable consumers indicated that they didn’t know the meaning of produced sustainably. A quarter of consumers thought that organic and sustainable were the same, and almost 1/3 think sustainable produced wines are more expensive. Nearly 90% of sustainable wine consumers were willing to pay a premium of over $5.00 for sustainable wine. This research shows the importance of sustainability to a sizable consumer segement but suggests that consumer education related to sustainability claims is needed.
Euclidean Quantum Gravity in Light of Spectral Geometry
Creators: name: Esposito, Giampiero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A proper understanding of boundary-value problems is essential in the attempt of developing a quantum theory of gravity and of the birth of the universe. The present paper reviews these topics in light of recent developments in spectral geometry, i.e. heat-kernel asymptotics for the Laplacian in the presence of Dirichlet, or Robin, or mixed boundary conditions; completely gauge-invariant boundary conditions in Euclidean quantum gravity; local vs. non-local boundary-value problems in one-loop Euclidean quantum theory via path integrals.
description: 31 pages, plain Tex. Submitted to the Proceedings of the Workshop: "Spectral Geometry of Manifolds with Boundary and Decomposition of Manifolds", Roskilde (Denmark), August 2003. Editors: Bernhelm Booss-Bavnbek, Gerd Grubb, Krzysztof P. Wojciechowski
Additional file 1 of The cerebellum is associated with 2-year prognosis in patients with high-frequency migraine
Creators: name: Hung-Yu Liu
name: Lee, Pei-Lin
name: Kun-Hsien Chou
name: Kuan-Lin Lai
name: Yen-Feng Wang
name: Shih-Pin Chen
name: Wei-Ta Chen
name: Shuu-Jiun Wang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.Table 1. Demographics and clinical profile of patients with high frequency episodic migraine and chronic migraine.
ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ КАДАСТРОВЫХ РАБОТ
Creators: name: Мельдебеков И.Б.
name: Фатихов Айдар Разинович
Publisher: name: Имущественные отношения в Российской Федерации
Year: 2021
Subjects: КОМПЛЕКСНЫЕ КАДАСТРОВЫЕ РАБОТЫ
ПРАВОУСТАНАВЛИВАЮЩИЕ ДОКУМЕНТЫ НА ТЕРРИТОРИЮ
ПРОЕКТЫ МЕЖЕВАНИЯ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ
ФОРМА ЗАПРОСА СВЕДЕНИЙ ИЗ ЕГРН
ОРТОФОТОПЛАН ЗЕМЕЛЬНОГО УЧАСТКА
ЭФФЕКТ ОТ ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНЫХ КАДАСТРОВЫХ РАБОТ
COMPLEX CADASTRAL WORKS
DOCUMENTS OF TITLE TO THE TERRITORY
LAND-SURVEYING PROJECTS
A FORM FOR REQUESTING INFORMATION FROM THE USRN
ORTHOPHOTOMAP OF A LAND PLOT
THE EFFECT OF PERFORMING COMPLEX CADASTRAL WORKS

description: Авторами анализируется относительно новый вид кадастровых работ в России - комплексные кадастровые работы, в частности, их организация, подготовка к их выполнению заказчиком и исполнителем работ, особенности выполнения промежуточных этапов, предусмотренных законодательством. Предлагаются решения по реализации отдельных норм права и описывается социально-экономический эффект от их выполнения.
Time allocation decisions of urban women in a developing country
Creators: name: Glick, Peter Jay
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Female time allocation decisions are examined using household data from Conakry, Guinea, a poor and rapidly growing African urban center. The analysis incorporates two aspects of these decisions that are thought to be particularly important in developing countries: the heterogeneity of labor market choices, and the role of women's non-market productive activities. Trichotomous logit models of female labor market behavior distinguishing between self-employment and wage employment are estimated. Schooling is found to play a major role in sorting women among sectors, with more education strongly increasing the likelihood of wage employment and decreasing the likelihood of self-employment relative to non-participation. Young children appear to encourage entry into self-employment, where childcare and market work are relatively compatible, but not wage employment. The results suggest that increasing girls' access to post-primary education will lead to higher overall participation and a shift to wage or formal sector employment. A simple model of the allocation of women's time to market work and housework is developed and applied to the data. Time allocation decisions are modelled empirically using a simultaneous tobit approach which recognizes the jointness in market and non-market labor supply choices and permits non-participation in either or both activities. Female time use is affected by market opportunities, household composition, and income in ways generally anticipated by theory. The empirical specification permits the measurement of the direct impact of time in one activity on the time in the other and shows that an hour of home work reduces market work by approximately an equivalent amount, while an hour of market work reduces the time in home work by 0.35 hours. Although the strong negative effect of non-market activity on market work seems to show that women's opportunities to engage in income-earning activities are constrained by their domestic responsibilities, conclusions for policies, such as the public provision of childcare services, are not straightforward. Most women already have potential substitute childcare or domestic workers in the form of other adults in the household who are not in the labor force. Policies that raise potential labor market incomes, such as increasing access to general schooling and vocational training, appear to be the most direct way of encouraging greater female participation and time in market-oriented activities.
Large corpora and large language models: a replicable method for automating grammatical annotation
Creators: name: Morin, Cameron
name: Larsson, Matti Marttinen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Much linguistic research relies on annotated datasets of features extracted from text corpora, but the rapid quantitative growth of these corpora has created practical difficulties for linguists to manually annotate large data samples. In this paper, we present a replicable, supervised method that leverages large language models for assisting the linguist in grammatical annotation through prompt engineering, training, and evaluation. We introduce a methodological pipeline applied to the case study of formal variation in the English evaluative verb construction 'consider X (as) (to be) Y', based on the large language model Claude 3.5 Sonnet and corpus data from Davies' NOW and EnTenTen21 (SketchEngine). Overall, we reach a model accuracy of over 90% on our held-out test samples with only a small amount of training data, validating the method for the annotation of very large quantities of tokens of the construction in the future. We discuss the generalisability of our results for a wider range of case studies of grammatical constructions and grammatical variation and change, underlining the value of AI copilots as tools for future linguistic research, notwithstanding some important caveats.
Supercritical fluid extraction of iron and copper from aqueous samples
Creators: name: Papageorgiou, Aristotelis John
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3401
subject: Analytical chemistry
classificationCode: 3402
subject: Inorganic chemistry

description: An understanding of the toxicity, bioavailability, bioaccumulation and transport of elements in the environment is vital to understanding ecological systems. This study investigates the movement of inorganic metal salts under modified supercritical fluid extraction conditions, in an effort to provide experimental guidelines for extraction of metallo-organics from natural samples. Experiments involved the extraction of iron and copper from aqueous samples deposited on filter paper. The effects of pressure (100-300 atm), temperature (44.6$\sp\circ$-74.2$\sp\circ$C), and modifier content on the extraction efficiency were determined. The introduction of modifiers by on-line injection or premixed with carbon dioxide, was evaluated by determining analyte recoveries. Wet and dry samples were tested for metal extractability. Results demonstrated that the physical state of the sample, and extraction parameter such as the type of modifier and its content, and pressure and temperature extraction parameters can determine the selectivity and efficiency of metal recoveries. CO$\sb2$ without addition of modifier gave low overall iron(III) recoveries. However, with careful selection of modifier (cosolvent) and extraction conditions, quantitative recoveries could be obtained. For instance, at 100 atm, 44.6$\sp\circ$C and with 10% (v/v) methanol in CO$\sb2$, iron was recovered almost quantitatively (84%). For copper, polar modifiers had little effect on extraction efficiency. Optimum extraction conditions are independent of percent modifier content. In general, extraction efficiencies are better for wet samples than for dry samples, for both iron and copper. Extraction experiments showed that copper can be recovered from wet samples with 5 mL supercritical carbon dioxide. The acidity of the samples and the oxidation state of the metal analyte have little effect on analyte extraction selectivity or efficiency. Higher modifier content is required for metal analyte extraction from dry samples than wet. Counter-ions have a small effect. For copper there is a selectivity factor. However, for iron, counter-ions that were tested have no effect on extraction efficiency.
Local Meat Brands Attract Consumer Demand
Creators: name: McGarry Wolf, Marianne
name: McLennan, Steven
name: McGarry Wolf, Marianne
name: McLennan, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: local
subject: meat
subject: purchasers

description: Research has shown that good value for money is the top attribute driving consumers to choose one meat product over another from among the products on retail shelves (Wolf and Thulin, 2000). The aim of this research was to determine how consumers define “local,” examine whether local is an important driver of meat purchase decisions, and profile local consumers. The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 defines as local any product that is transported less than 400 miles from its place of origin (Martinez et. al, 2010), but consumers define local differently. Adams and Adams (2011) found local to be less than 100 miles from the home, while the Hartman Group (2008) indicated less than 100 miles was considered to be local, followed by within the consumer’s state. To examine local meat attitudes, this research conducted personal interviews in San Luis Obispo County in 2012 among 290 meat consumers. Respondents rated the desirability of seven features of meat. Fifty-two percent of respondents indicated a local brand is an extremely or very desirable meat characteristic and were therefore identified as local meat consumers. The local meat consumers were more likely to be Baby Boomer females who purchased meat in locally owned retail markets. They spent more in a typical month on meat, particularly beef, making them a valuable market segment. Local consumers rate good value as their top attribute, which is tied with local. What does local mean to consumers? Sixty-nine percent of respondents indicated that local meant more to them than mileage. Eighty-one percent of meat purchasers defined local to be grown and/or raised within their city or county. When respondents were asked to define local in a sense of mileage, almost 75% said grown and/or raised less than 50 miles from home. When asked to rate the importance of local food products, consumers rated fresh fruits and fresh vegetables as very important. Local meats were somewhat to very important and local wines were somewhat important. This research shows that local brands are important to a large consumer group. It is recommended that retail food outlets include local products on their shelves and identify them based on geographic area rather than mileage.
Traversable Wormholes Sourced by Dark Matter in Loop Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Silva, Marcos V. de S.
name: Alencar, G.
name: Filho, R. N. Costa
name: Neves, R. M. P.
name: Muniz, Celio R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the existence of wormholes within the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology, using isotropic dark matter as the source. We analyze three distinct density profiles and solve the modified gravity field equations alongside the stress-energy tensor conservation, applying appropriate boundary conditions to obtain traversable wormhole solutions. Each solution is shown to satisfy the geometric criteria for wormholes, and their regularity is verified by computing the Kretschmann scalar to ensure the absence of singularities under determined conditions. Additionally, we examine the stress-energy tensor to identify scenarios in which energy conditions are violated within this model. The wormhole geometry is further explored through embedding diagrams, and the amount of exotic matter required to sustain these structures is computed using the Volume Integral Quantifier. Finally, we study the shadow produced by our wormhole solution, considering one of the dark matter density profiles, and compare it with observations of the M87 galaxy.
description: 26 pages, 20 figures. V2: improved text. V3: 29 pages, 20 figures, references added, typo fixed. Final version. Published in EPJPLUS
Diagonal and Hall holographic conductivities dual to a bulk condensate of magnetic monopoles
Creators: name: Rougemont, Romulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By employing the holographic operator mixing technique to deal with coupled perturbations in the gauge/gravity duality, I numerically compute the real and imaginary parts of the diagonal and Hall AC conductivities in a strongly coupled quantum field theory dual to a bulk condensate of magnetic monopoles. The results obtained show that a conclusion previously derived in the literature, namely, the vanishing of holographic DC conductivities in 3-dimensional strongly coupled quantum field theories dual to a 4-dimensional bulk magnetic monopole condensate, also applies to the calculation of diagonal and Hall conductivities in the presence of a topological $θ$-term. Therefore, the condensation of magnetic monopoles in the bulk is suggested as a rather general and robust mechanism to generate dual strongly coupled quantum field theories with zero DC conductivities. The interplay between frequency, $θ$-angle and the characteristic mass scale of the monopole condensate on the results for the conductivities is also investigated.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, version accepted for publication in European Physical Journal C
Supercritical fluid extraction of iron and copper from aqueous samples
Creators: name: Papageorgiou, Aristotelis John
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: An understanding of the toxicity, bioavailability, bioaccumulation and transport of elements in the environment is vital to understanding ecological systems. This study investigates the movement of inorganic metal salts under modified supercritical fluid extraction conditions, in an effort to provide experimental guidelines for extraction of metallo-organics from natural samples. Experiments involved the extraction of iron and copper from aqueous samples deposited on filter paper. The effects of pressure (100-300 atm), temperature (44.6$\sp\circ$-74.2$\sp\circ$C), and modifier content on the extraction efficiency were determined. The introduction of modifiers by on-line injection or premixed with carbon dioxide, was evaluated by determining analyte recoveries. Wet and dry samples were tested for metal extractability. Results demonstrated that the physical state of the sample, and extraction parameter such as the type of modifier and its content, and pressure and temperature extraction parameters can determine the selectivity and efficiency of metal recoveries. CO$\sb2$ without addition of modifier gave low overall iron(III) recoveries. However, with careful selection of modifier (cosolvent) and extraction conditions, quantitative recoveries could be obtained. For instance, at 100 atm, 44.6$\sp\circ$C and with 10% (v/v) methanol in CO$\sb2$, iron was recovered almost quantitatively (84%). For copper, polar modifiers had little effect on extraction efficiency. Optimum extraction conditions are independent of percent modifier content. In general, extraction efficiencies are better for wet samples than for dry samples, for both iron and copper. Extraction experiments showed that copper can be recovered from wet samples with 5 mL supercritical carbon dioxide. The acidity of the samples and the oxidation state of the metal analyte have little effect on analyte extraction selectivity or efficiency. Higher modifier content is required for metal analyte extraction from dry samples than wet. Counter-ions have a small effect. For copper there is a selectivity factor. However, for iron, counter-ions that were tested have no effect on extraction efficiency.
Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance of Stable Nuclei in a Consistent Relativistic Random Phase Approximation
Creators: name: Cao, Li-Gang
name: Ma, Zhong-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fully consistent relativistic random phase approximation is applied to study the systematic behavior of the isovector giant dipole resonance of nuclei along the $β$-stability line in order to test the effective Lagrangians recently developed. The centroid energies of response functions of the isovector giant dipole resonance for stable nuclei are compared with the corresponding experimental data and the good agreement is obtained. It is found that the effective Lagrangian with an appropriate nuclear symmetry energy, which can well describe the ground state properties of nuclei, could also reproduce the isovector giant dipole resonance of nuclei along the $β$-stability line.
description: 4 pages, 1 Postscript figure, to be submitted to Chin.Phys.Lett
The neurotoxic effects of 1 -methyl-4-(2'-amino-phenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2'-amino-MPTP) on brain serotonin and norepinephrine in mice
Creators: name: Andrews, Anne Milasincic
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of 1-methyl-4-(2$\sp\prime$-aminophenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP) in mouse brain and to begin to explore the mechanism of action of this novel neurotoxin, especially as it compares to the parent compound 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The results indicate that 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP is capable of causing substantial dose-dependent depletions in the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine in two different strains of mice. Across all regions analyzed however, 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP had negligible effects on brain dopamine, in sharp contrast with MPTP or 1-methyl-4-(2$\sp\prime $-methylphenyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (2$\sp\prime$-CH$\sb3$-MPTP), both of which cause relatively selective depletions in striatal dopamine and its metabolites. The effects of 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP on cortical and hippocampal serotonin and norepinephrine were still present 6 months post-treatment as evidenced by a persistent 50% decrease in these brain regions. 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP was also found to have a functionally relevant effect on serotonergic neurotransmission as demonstrated by an attenuated temperature response to pharmacologic challenge with the serotonin agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine in 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP-treated mice compared to saline-treated mice. Similarities in the mechanism of action between 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP and MPTP were demonstrated even though 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP acts on a different subpopulation of monoaminergic neurons. The decreases in serotonin and norepinephrine caused by 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP were differentially prevented by pretreatment with uptake inhibitors selective for either the serotonergic or noradrenergic transporters, respectively. In addition, the effects of 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP could be blocked by prior inhibition of monoamine oxidase, suggesting that 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP is converted to a toxic metabolite by this endogenous enzyme. Although disturbances in the central serotonergic and noradrenergic transmitter systems are thought to be related to various neuropsychiatric illnesses, much remains to be discovered about the role of these neurotransmitters in normal and dysfunctional behavior. Having a new chemical neurotoxin like 2$\sp\prime$-NH$\sb2$-MPTP which is capable of causing selective long-term toxicity in forebrain serotonin and norepinephrine systems may benefit research efforts aimed at understanding the roles of these neurotransmitters in mammalian brain function.