cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-messenger constraints to the local emission of cosmic-ray electrons
Creators: name: Manconi, Silvia
name: Di Mauro, Mattia
name: Donato, Fiorenza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The data on the inclusive flux of cosmic positrons and electrons ($e^++e^{-}$) have been recently collected from GeV to tens of TeV energies by several experiments with unprecedented precision. In addition, the Fermi-LAT Collaboration has provided a new energy spectrum for the upper bounds on the $e^++e^{-}$ dipole anisotropy. This observable can bring information on the emission from local Galactic sources, notably measured with high precision at radio frequencies. We develop a framework in which $e^-$ and $e^+$ measured at Earth from GeV up to tens of TeV energies have a composite origin. A dedicated analysis is deserved to Vela YZ and Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnants (SNRs), for which we consider two different models for the injection of $e^-$. We investigate the consistency of these models using the three physical observables: the radio flux from Vela YZ and Cygnus Loop at all the available frequencies, the $e^++e^-$ flux from five experiments from the GeV to tens of TeV energy, the $e^++e^-$ dipole anisotropy upper limits from 50 GeV to about 1 TeV. We find that the radio flux for these nearby SNRs strongly constraints the properties of the injection electron spectrum, partially compatible with the looser constraints derived from the $e^+ + e^-$ flux data. We also perform a multi-wavelength multi-messenger analysis by fitting simultaneously the radio flux on Vela YZ and Cygnus Loop and the $e^+ + e^-$ flux, and checking the outputs against the $e^+ + e^-$ dipole anisotropy data. Remarkably, we find a model which is compatible with all the $e^++e^-$ flux data, the radio data for Vela YZ and Cygnus Loop, and with the anisotropy upper bounds. We show the severe constraints imposed by the most recent data on the $e^+ + e^-$ dipole anisotropy.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in the JCAP. Changes in v3: discussion and results extended to include an evolutionary model for the injection of cosmic-ray electrons in SNRs
A fuzzy process of individuation
Creators: name: Neves, Juliano C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: History and Overview (math.HO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is shown that an aspect of the process of individuation may be thought of as a fuzzy set. The process of individuation has been interpreted as a two-valued problem in the history of philosophy. In this work, I intend to show that such a process in its psychosocial aspect is better understood in terms of a fuzzy set, characterized by a continuum membership function. According to this perspective, species and their members present different degrees of individuation. Such degrees are measured from the membership function of the psychosocial process of individuation. Thus, a social analysis is suggested by using this approach in human societies.
description: 12 pages, 1 table. V2 with minor changes. Published in The Journal of Mathematical Sociology
A Bound for the Rank-One Transient of Inhomogeneous Matrix Products in Special Case
Creators: name: Patrick, Arthur Kennedy Cochran
name: Sergeev, Sergei
name: Berežný, Štefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A80, 68R99, 16Y60, 05C20, 05C22, 05C25

description: We consider inhomogeneous matrix products over max-plus algebra, where the matrices in the product satisfy certain assumptions under which the matrix products of sufficient length be rank-one, as it was shown in [6][L. Shue, B.D.O. Anderson, S. Dey: On steady state properties of certain max-plus products. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Philadelphia, Pensylvania, (June 1998), 1909 1913.]. We establish a bound on the transient after which this starts to happen for any product of matrices whose length exceeds that bound.
ISEGEN: Generation of High-Quality Instruction Set Extensions by Iterative Improvement
Creators: name: Biswas, Partha
name: Banerjee, Sudarshan
name: Dutt, Nikil
name: Pozzi, Laura
name: Ienne, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Customization of processor architectures through Instruction Set Extensions (ISEs) is an effective way to meet the growing performance demands of embedded applications. A high-quality ISE generation approach needs to obtain results close to those achieved by experienced designers, particularly for complex applications that exhibit regularity: expert designers are able to exploit manually such regularity in the data flow graphs to generate high-quality ISEs. In this paper, we present ISEGEN, an approach that identifies high-quality ISEs by iterative improvement following the basic principles of the well-known Kernighan-Lin (K-L) min-cut heuristic. Experimental results on a number of MediaBench, EEMBC and cryptographic applications show that our approach matches the quality of the optimal solution obtained by exhaustive search. We also show that our ISEGEN technique is on average 20x faster than a genetic formulation that generates equivalent solutions. Furthermore, the ISEs identified by our technique exhibit 35% more speedup than the genetic solution on a large cryptographic application (AES) by effectively exploiting its regular structure.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/)
The stellar velocity dispersion in nearby spirals: radial profiles and correlations
Creators: name: Mogotsi, Keoikantse Moses
name: Romeo, Alessandro B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stellar velocity dispersion, $σ$, is a quantity of crucial importance for spiral galaxies, where it enters fundamental dynamical processes such as gravitational instability and disc heating. Here we analyse a sample of 34 nearby spirals from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) spectroscopic survey, deproject the line-of-sight $σ$ to $σ_{R}$ and present reliable radial profiles of $σ_{R}$ as well as accurate measurements of $\langleσ_{R}\rangle$, the radial average of $σ_{R}$ over one effective (half-light) radius. We show that there is a trend for $σ_{R}$ to increase with decreasing $R$, that $\langleσ_{R}\rangle$ correlates with stellar mass ($M_{\star}$) and tested correlations with other galaxy properties. The most significant and strongest correlation is the one with $M_{\star}$: $\langleσ_{R}\rangle \propto M_{\star}^{0.5}$. This tight scaling relation is applicable to spiral galaxies of type Sa $\mbox{--}$ Sd and stellar mass $M_{\star}\approx10^{9.5}\mbox{--}10^{11.5}\ \mbox{M}_{\odot}$. Simple models that relate $σ_{R}$ to the stellar surface density and disc scale length roughly reproduce that scaling, but overestimate $\langleσ_{R}\rangle$ significantly.
description: MNRAS, in press
Stadtstruktur und Klimawandel: Warum sind urbane Transformationen so schwierig zu gestalten?
Creators: name: Kropp, Jürgen P.
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: Urban Area, urban transformation, urban structure, largest CO2-emitters, climate protection in cities, urban heat islands, urban density, urban size - structure

description: Städte spielen zur Bewältigung der Klimakrise eine entscheidende Rolle, denn sie sind die bei weitem größten Emittenten von Treibhausgasen. Klimaschutz in Städten ist jedoch nicht einfach zu implementieren, denn oft treten Zielkonflikte auf, welche nicht so leicht lösbar sind. Analysen beleuchten, wie z.B. Emissionen und Hitzeinseln mit Dichte, Größe und Struktur einer Stadt korrelieren. Integierte Lösungen für eine nachhaltige und in die Zukunft gerichtete Urbanität brauchen deshalb neben Simulationsstudien und der innovativen Implementation einer konsequent dreidimensionalen Stadtplanung, auch einen visionären Diskurs über urbanes Leben der Zukunft. Urban Structure and Climate Change: Why it is so difficult to implement urban transformations action? Urban Area are an important factor for the solution of the climate crisis, as they are by far the largest emitters of greenhouse gases. Climate protection in cities, however, is a difficult task as often target conflicts arise which are not easy to solve. Recent analyses show how, for example, spatial greenhouse gas emissions and urban heat islands correlate with urban density, size and structure of cities. Integrated solutions for future sustainable cities therefore need, besides multi-criteria simulation studies and an innovative and consequent implementation of a three-dimensional urban planning also a discourse about our visions for future urban life.
Architectural Modeling of Ozone Widget Framework End-User Compositions (CMU-ISR-14-108)
Creators: name: Ruchkin, Ivan
name: Vishal  Dwivedi
name: Garlan, David
name: Schmerl, Bradley
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ozone Widget Framework (OWF) is an event-based web platform for lightweight integration of widget applications. This technical report presents a formal model of OWF’s widget composition mechanism. First, we present a detailed description of Ozone’s end user composition mechanism. Then, we describe our architectural modeling approach and its value for analysis of OWF widget compositions. We go through the process of creating an architectural style to represent assemblies of Ozone widgets, reviewing modeling decision points and style alternatives.
Illustrative Model for Parity Doubling of Energy Levels
Creators: name: Afonin, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-dimensional quantum mechanical model possessing mass gap, a gapless excitation, and an approximate parity doubling of energy levels is constructed basing on heuristic QCD-inspired arguments. The model may serve for illustrative purposes in considering the related dynamical phenomena in particle and nuclear physics.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Long-term radio and X-ray evolution of the tidal disruption event ASASSN-14li
Creators: name: Bright, J. S.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Motta, S. E.
name: Mooley, K.
name: Perrott, Y. C.
name: van Velzen, S.
name: Carey, S.
name: Hickish, J.
name: Razavi-Ghods, N.
name: Titterington, D.
name: Scott, P.
name: Grainge, K.
name: Scaife, A.
name: Cantwell, T.
name: Rumsey, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on late time radio and X-ray observations of the tidal disruption event candidate ASASSN-14li, covering the first 1000 days of the decay phase. For the first $\sim200$ days the radio and X-ray emission fade in concert. This phase is better fit by an exponential decay at X-ray wavelengths, while the radio emission is well described by either an exponential or the canonical $t^{-5/3}$ decay assumed for tidal disruption events. The correlation between radio and X-ray emission during this period can be fit as $L_{R}\propto L_{X}^{1.9\pm0.2}$. After 400 days the radio emission at $15.5\,\textrm{GHz}$ has reached a plateau level of $244\pm8\,μ\textrm{Jy}$ which it maintains for at least the next 600 days, while the X-ray emission continues to fade exponentially. This steady level of radio emission is likely due to relic radio lobes from the weak AGN-like activity implied by historical radio observations. We note that while most existing models are based upon the evolution of ejecta which are decoupled from the central black hole, the radio : X-ray correlation during the declining phase is also consistent with core jet emission coupled to a radiatively efficient accretion flow.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Architectural Issues in Software Reuse: It's Not Just the Functionality, It's the Packaging
Creators: name: Shaw, Mary
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Effective reuse depends not only on finding and reusing components, but also on the ways those components are combined. The informal folklore of software engineering provides a number of diverse styles for organizing software systems. These styles, or architectures, show how to compose systems from components; different styles expect different kinds of component packaging and different kinds of interactions between the components. Unfortunately, these styles and packaging distinctions are often implicit; as a consequence, components with appropriate functionality may fail to work together. This talk surveys common architectural styles, including important packaging and interaction distinctions, and proposes an approach to the problem of reconciling architectural mismatches.
Charge Transfer & Redistribution Mechanisms in Graphene Interfaces for Advanced Sensor & Bio Applications
Creators: name: Nemade, Roshan Yashwant
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: The thesis provides a comprehensive exploration of charge transfer dynamics across graphene interfaces using Raman Spectroscopy. By harnessing the tunable nature of graphene's electronic properties, we can exert control over the charge carrier concentration. Future investigations can leverage these insights to design graphene-based systems with tailored functionalities and explore their practical implications in diverse sectors.
INKAS - ein vielseitiges Klimaberatungswerkzeug für die Stadtentwicklung
Creators: name: Buchholz, Saskia
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: urban planning, population density, INKAS, vulnerable to extreme weather, heat waves, threat of heat stress, urban planners, adaptation measures

description: Aufgrund der hohen Bebauungs- und Bevölkerungsdichte sowie der komplexen Struktur und Versorgungssysteme sind Städte besonders vulnerabel gegenüber extremen Wetterereignissen. Der durch den Klimawandel bedingte Anstieg in der Häufigkeit, Dauer und Intensität von Hitzeepisoden wird sich voraussichtlich über dieses Jahrhundert hinaus fortsetzen und die Gefahr für Hitzestress der Stadtbewohner weiter steigern. Die Stadtentwicklung muss deshalb heute schon die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels für die kommenden Dekaden berücksichtigen. Stadtplaner und Entscheidungsträger benötigen hierzu Informationen über die Wirkung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen, um ihre Optionen zu priorisieren. Um alle Städte bei der Umsetzung geeigneter Maßnahmen zur Klimaanpassung zu unterstützen, stellt der Deutsche Wetterdienst (DWD) das Beratungswerkzeug INKAS (Informationsportal Klimaanpassung in Städten) als entgeltfreien Stadtklimaservice unter der Adresse www.dwd.de/inkas bereit. Mit Hilfe von INKAS können für verschiedene Bebauungstypen die Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher städtebaulicher Maßnahmen zur Minderung der städtischen Überwärmung in wenigen Schritten analysiert und verglichen werden. INKAS – A guidance tool for heat resilient urban planning: Due to high building and population density, as well as complex infrastructures and supply systems, urban areas are particularly vulnerable to extreme weather events. The climate change induced increase in the frequency, duration and intensity of heat waves is expected to continue beyond the end of this century and is raising the threat of heat stress of city dwellers. Therefore, today´s urban planning has to consider the impact of climate change expected in upcoming decades. To do this, urban planners, practitioners and decision-makers require knowledge about the effectivity of city-scale climate adaptation measures to prioritize their options. For this purpose the German Meteorological Service (DWD) developed the INKAS (Information Portal for Climate Adaptation in Cities) guidance tool to assess and compare the quantitative effect of different adaptation measures for heat load mitigation in various urban settlement types and for varying degrees of implementation. INKAS is freely accessible on the DWD website at www.dwd.de/inkas.
Superradiant Undulator Radiation for Selective THz Control Experiments at XFELs
Creators: name: Tanikawa, Takanori
name: Karabekyan, Suren
name: Kovalev, Sergey
name: Casalbuoni, Sara
name: Asgekar, Vivek
name: Serkez, Svitozar
name: Gensch, Michael
name: Geloni, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of frequency-tunable, narrow-bandwidth and carrier-envelope-phase stable THz pulses with fields in the MV/cm regime that can be appropriately timed to the femtosecond X-ray pulses from free-electron-lasers is of highest scientific interest. It will enable to follow the electronic and structural dynamics stimulated by (non)linear selective excitations of matter on few femtosecond time and Ångstrom length scales. In this article, a scheme based on superradiant undulator radiation generated just after the XFEL is proposed. The concept utilizes cutting edge superconducting undulator technology and provides THz pulses in a frequency range between 3 and 30 THz with exceptional THz pulse energies. Relevant aspects for realization and operation are discussed point by point on the example of the European XFEL.
Entwicklung geeigneter Stadtstrukturen in verschiedenen Klimazonen
Creators: name: Kupski, Sebastian
name: Katzschner, Lutz
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: Construction methods, urban structures, microclimate in cities, city structures, Building forms

description: Bauweisen und Stadtstrukturen beeinflussen wesentlich das Mikroklima einer Stadt. Um dies zu analysieren, ist es wichtig eine Klassifizierung der Stadtstrukturen vorzunehmen und sie klimatisch zu beschreiben. Auch zeigt sich, dass es notwendig ist, Strukturen weltweit miteinander vergleichen zu können. Gebäudeformen haben sich häufig an die klimatischen Gegebenheiten angepasst und sollten bei Stadtplanungen beachtet werden. Da verschiede Klassifikationsmuster verwandt werden, wird hier eine Zusammenstellung der Verfahren vorgestellt. Urban Structure Types in different Climate Zones: Construction methods and urban structures significantly influence the microclimate of a city. To analyze this, it is important to make a classification of the city structures and to describe them climatically. It also shows that it is necessary to be able to compare structures worldwide. Building forms have often adapted to the climatic conditions and should be considered in urban planning warden. Since different classification patterns are used a compilation of procedures is here presented.
Planerische Maßnahmen zur Reduzierung von lokalem Hitzestress für Menschen
Creators: name: Lee, Hyunjung Lee
name: Mayer, Helmut
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: urban development, human heat stress, urban quarters, urban population, urban planning, ocal human heat stress, human-biometeorological, thermo-physiological,
green infrastructure, sufficient ventilation, urban renewal

description: Lokaler Hitzestress, der durch das Zusammenwirken von veränderten atmosphärischen Hintergrundbedingungen infolge des regionalen Klimawandels mit der Dynamik in der Stadtentwicklung verursacht wird, stellt insbesondere für Menschen in Stadtquartieren eine Belastung dar, die damit in der Vergangenheit weniger konfrontiert waren, wie z. B. in mitteleuropäischen Städten. Aufgrund ihrer negativen Auswirkungen auf die ansteigende Stadtbevölkerung steht die Stadtplanung vor der Herausforderung, Maßnahmen zu entwickeln, mit denen sich der lokale Hitzestress für Menschen im Stadtquartier reduzieren lässt. Dafür liegen geeignete Ergebnisse aus zahlreichen human-biometeorologischen Untersuchungen vor, die über thermophysiologische Bewertungsindizes die qualitativ schon längst bekannten Effekte solcher Planungsmaßnahmen quantifizieren. Für Städte im mitteleuropäischen Binnenland erweist sich eine planerische Doppelstrategie als effektive Maß- nahme zur Abschwächung von lokalem Hitzestress. Sie beruht auf der Reduzierung des Eintrags von Hitze in alle urbanen Räume tagsüber, vor allem durch Abschattung der direkten Sonnenstrahlung durch grüne Infra- struktur, und einer ausreichenden Ventilation. Diese Doppelstrategie lässt sich leichter bei Neuplanungen als bei Stadtsanierungen im bereits bestehenden Bestand realisieren. Planning measures for the mitigation of local human heat stress: Local heat stress, which is caused by the combined effect of changed atmospheric background conditions due to regional climate change and the dynamics in the urban development, is a burden especially for people in urban quarters, which were less confronted with it in the past, such as in Central European cities. Due to its negative impacts on the increasing urban population, urban planning is faced by the challenge to design measures for the reduction of local human heat stress within urban quarters. For this, suitable results from numerous human-biometeorological investigations are available, which quantify the qualitatively long-known impacts of such planning measures by thermo-physiological assessment indices. For Central European inland cities, a dual planning strategy represents an effective measure for the mitigation of local human heat stress. It is based on the reduction of the daytime heat input into all urban spaces, especially through the shading of the direct solar radiation by green infrastructure, and sufficient ventilation. This dual strategy is easier to implement in new planning than in urban renewal in already existing urban quarters.
MPEC 2024-N46 : 2022 OW5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Novel Zinc ferrite composite with starch and carboxy methyl starch from biowaste precursor for the removal of Ni (II) ion from aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Sharma, Dimple
name: Jasrotia, Rimzim
name: Singh, Jandeep
name: Mittal, Sunil
name: Singh, Harminder
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: In the present work, Zinc ferrite composites with Mango starch (MS) and carboxymethyl mango starch (CMMS) were synthesized for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions. Composites prepared were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, pH of point zero charge (pHzpc), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and BET. Batch adsorption technique was used to study effect of various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, concentration, and temperature for removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The optimum time, pH, adsorbent dose and temperature required for ZFN@ MS and ZFN@ CMMS in this study was 110 min., 7 & 8, 0.1 g and 308 K, respectively. Out of various adsorption isotherms, Freundlich isotherm model fitted best with adsorption data. Maximum adsorption capacity for removal of Ni (II) were found to be 65.3 and 208.3 mg/g, respectively by using Zinc ferrite@ MS and Zinc ferrite@ CMMS adsorbents. Lagergren Pseudo second order model best fitted with results which indicated that the process of adsorption was chemical in nature. The value of adsorption energy for ZFN@ MS was 50 kJ/mol and for ZFN@ CMMS, it was 31.62 kJ/mol. Thermodynamic study revealed that process was endothermic and non-spontaneous in nature. Regeneration studies were conducted for five cycles where Zinc ferrite@ MS showed 71% regeneration efficiency and Zinc ferrite@ CMMS showed 78% regeneration efficiency for nickel ion removal from aqueous solution.
API usability: Report on Special Interest Group at CHI
Creators: name: Daughtry, John
name: Umer  Farooq
name: Myers, Brad
name: Stylos, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 27th annual International Conference on Human Factors in Computing (CHI) convened in Boston, MA (USA) from April 4-9, 2009. Included in this year’s technical program was a special interest group (SIG) meeting on API usability. This report summarizes the SIG, emphasizing the primary takeaways, which include a greater understanding of the types of APIs, case studies, and a place to share our multi-disciplinary results.
Multimedia Applications of Multiprocessor Systems-on-Chips
Creators: name: Wolf, Wayne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper surveys the characteristics of multimedia systems. Multimedia applications today are dominated by compression and decompression, but multimedia devices must also implement many other functions such as security and file management. We introduce some basic concepts of multimedia algorithms and the larger set of functions that multimedia systems-on-chips must implement.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/)
Wear and frictional attributes of Al-alloy hybrid composite dispersed with hard-ceramic (ZrO2) and solid-lubricant (Gr) particles
Creators: name: Singh, Ashish Kumar
name: Soni, Sanjay
name: Rana, Ravindra Singh
name: Kumar, Akshay
name: Chandra, Girish
name: Singh, Raj Kumar
name: Kumar, Anil
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of adding two different types of reinforcing particles, hard-ceramic zirconia (ZrO2p: 0, 2, and 4 wt.%) and solid-lubricant graphite (Grp: 0, and 3 wt.%), on the sliding wear and frictional properties of stir-squeeze cast aluminum composites. For this purpose, wear tests were performed using a pin-on-disk wear tester, with emphasis on parameters such as wear rate, seizure resistance, temperature, coefficient of friction, and wear coefficient at varying sliding distances (0-5000 m at an interval of 1000 m) and under different applied pressures (0.5-2.0 MPa). Microstructural analysis showed that the particles were evenly dispersed in the aluminum matrix alloy. The addition of either particles or a combination of both reduced the wear rate significantly compared to the monolithic alloy. The seizure resistance and temperature rise were also improved, from 1.5 MPa to 2.0 MPa and 78 °C to 123 °C, respectively, with the addition of 4% ZrO2 and 3% Gr particles to the aluminum matrix alloy. The friction coefficient increased with the addition of reinforcing particles and was more noteworthy at higher pressures. The wear mechanism observed during wear surface and subsurface analysis was the creation and disintegration of a mechanically mixed layer (MML).
POST-OPERATIVE PAIN EVALUATION AFTER USING DIFFERENT SINGLE-FILE ROOT CANAL PREPARATION SYSTEM: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY
Creators: name: ELKALASHY ABDEL MONEIM A
name: DARRAG ABEER M
name: GHONEIM WALAA M
name: ATTIA DINA A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Hyflex/EDM, Post-Operative Pain, Wave One Gold, XP-Endo Shaper.

description: Abstract

Aims: Clinically assess post-operative pain following root canal preparation using various single-file systems. Material and Methods: For this study, thirty patients between the ages of 20 and 40 who needed a routine root canal treatment for a tooth with a single root canal were chosen. Cases were randomly divided into three equal groups (n = 10). Group 1: Hyflex EDM; Group 2: XP-endo Shaper; and Group 3: Primary Wave One Gold. Root canal treatment was done, and the postoperative pain severity was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at 24, 72 hours, and 7 days after treatment. Results: When compared to the Hyflex EDM and Wave One Gold groups, the incidence of postoperative pain was greater in the XP-endo Shaper group, but without statistically significant differences. In all groups, the incidence of reported postoperative pain decreased with time. Conclusions: The use of different tested root canal instruments has no significant impact on postoperative pain. All groups experienced a progressive decrease in postoperative pain intensity.
Two-dimensional Schrödinger Hamiltonians with Effective Mass in SUSY Approach
Creators: name: Cannata, F.
name: Ioffe, M. V.
name: Nishnianidze, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general solution of SUSY intertwining relations of first order for two-dimensional Schrödinger operators with position-dependent (effective) mass is built in terms of four arbitrary functions. The procedure of separation of variables for the constructed potentials is demonstrated in general form. The generalization for intertwining of second order is also considered. The general solution for a particular form of intertwining operator is found, its properties - symmetry, irreducibility, separation of variables - are investigated.
description: 16 pages
Testing Bell inequalities with photon-subtracted Gaussian states
Creators: name: Jeong, Hyunseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, photon subtracted Gaussian states (PSGSs) were generated by several experimental groups. Those states were called "Schrödinger kittens" due to their similarities to superpositions of coherent states (SCSs) with small amplitudes. We compare the ideal SCSs and the PSGSs for experimental tests of certain types of Bell inequalities. In particular, we analyze the effects of the key experimental components used to generate PSGSs: mixedness of the Gaussian states, limited transmittivity of the beam splitter and the avalanche photodetector which cannot resolve photon numbers. As a result of this analysis, the degrees of mixedness and the beam splitter transmittivity that can be allowed for successful tests of Bell inequalities are revealed.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
Klimaneutralität im Gebäudebestand bis 2050 – Wie geht das?
Creators: name: Schulze-Darup, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: Climate neutrality, Techniques for efficiency, passive house, future-proof constructions, heating demand, cost-effective heating, renewable energies, water heating

description: Im Gebäudebestand wissen wir seit vielen Jahren, wie wir die Klimaziele bis 2050 umsetzen können. Techniken für Effizienz und Erneuerbare sind marktverfügbar. Neubau und Sanierung müssen auf der Effizienzseite im Best Practice Standard, also nah an der Passivhausqualität umgesetzt werden. Zahlreiche umgesetzte Projekte – gleich ob Wohnungs- oder Gewerbebau, ob Einzelgebäude oder Quartiere – zeigen, wie zukunftsfähiges Bauen aussieht. Diese zeichnen sich nicht nur durch einen sehr niedrigen Heizwärmebedarf aus, sondern auch durch eine niedrige Heizlast, die sehr kostengünstige Heizsysteme ermöglicht und Grundlagen für eine wirtschaftliche Versorgung mit erneuerbaren Energien darstellt, die umfassend in die Siedlungsstrukturen integriert werden müssen. Der Energiebedarf für Warmwasserbereitung liegt bei effizienten Gebäuden höher als der Bedarf fürs Heizen. Durch die Umstellung von der brennstoffbasierten fossilen Energieversorgung auf die strombasierte Bereitstellung erneuerbarer Energie ergeben sich viele Chancen für einfache Lösungen. Der Strombedarf für Haushalt bzw. die gewerblichen Nutzungen ist als wesentlicher Faktor in die Versorgungsstrategien ebenso einzubeziehen wie die Ladeinfrastruktur für E-Mobilität. Dabei können Lösungen für Quartiere bzw. Regionen mit einem hohen regionalen Autarkiegrad die Kosten der Energiewende für das überregionale Netz deutlich senken. Climate neutrality in building stock by 2050 - How to manage it ?: Since several years we know how to implement the climate goals by 2050 in the building stock. Techniques for efficiency and renewables are available on the market. New construction and renovation must work on the efficiency side in the best practice standard, i.e. close to the passive house quality. Numerous implemented projects - whether residential or commercial construction, whether individual buildings or quarters - show what future-proof constructions look like. These are characterized not only by a very low heating demand, but also a low heating load, which enables very cost-effective heating systems and forms the basis for an economic supply of renewable energies, which must be fully integrated into the settlement structures. The energy demand for water heating is higher in efficient buildings than the need for heating. Switching from fuel-based fossil energy supply to electricity-based renewable energy provision creates many opportunities for simple solutions. Electricity needs for households and commercial uses are to be included as essential factors in the supply strategies as well as the charging infrastructure for e-mobility. Solutions for quarters or regions with a high degree of regional autonomy can significantly reduce the costs of the energy transition for the supraregional network.
Anti-Phishing Phil: The Design and Evaluation of a Game That Teaches People Not to Fall for Phish
Creators: name: Sheng, Steve
name: Magnien, Bryant
name: Ponnurangam  Kumaraguru
name: Acquisti, Alessandro
name: Cranor, Lorrie Faith
name: Hong, Jason
name: Nunge, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we describe the design and evaluation of Anti- Phishing Phil, an online game that teaches users good habits to help them avoid phishing attacks. We used learning science principles to design and iteratively refine the game. We evaluated the game through a user study: participants were tested on their ability to identify fraudulent web sites before and after spending 15 minutes engaged in one of three anti-phishing training activities (playing the game, reading an anti-phishing tutorial we created based on the game, or reading existing online training materials). We found that the participants who played the game were better able to identify fraudulent web sites compared to the participants in other conditions. We attribute these effects to both the content of the training messages presented in the game as well as the presentation of these materials in an interactive game format. Our results confirm that games can be an effective way of educating people about phishing and other security attacks.
Magnetic field production during preheating at the electroweak scale
Creators: name: Diaz-Gil, Andres
name: Garcia-Bellido, Juan
name: Perez, Margarita Garcia
name: Gonzalez-Arroyo, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of magnetic fields during preheating within an scenario of hybrid inflation at the electroweak (EW) scale. We find that the non-perturbative and strongly out-of-equilibrium process of magnetic field production occurs along the lines predicted by Vachaspati many years ago. The system starts in the false vacuum at the end of inflation, and very quickly the initial quantum fluctuations of the Higgs field get amplified via long wavelength spinodal instabilities. The subsequent nucleation of the random Gaussian Higgs field bubbles (lumps) leads to EW symmetry breaking, and to the creation of $Z$-strings, which soon decay, along with longwave magnetic flux tubes with nontrivial helicity. The intensity and scales in these helical magnetic fields are consistent with their later development into the microgauss fields observed in galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, uses revtex4
Entwicklung des Gebäudeenergiebedarfs und Einsparziele in Deutschland und in verschiedenen Ländern in Asien
Creators: name: Schwede, Dirk
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: building-energy demand, energy demands increasing, heating equipment, cooling, urbanisation, energy demand per capita, urban areas

description: Der Energiebedarf zur Gebäudekonditionierung steigt derzeit in vielen Ländern weltweit rasant an und damit auch die Emissionen von Treibhausgasen aus der Energieerzeugung für den Gebäudesektor. Mit der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in den Ländern des globalen Südens steigen die Ansprüche an den Gebäudekomfort. Folglich nimmt die technische Ausstattung der Gebäude für Heizen, Kühlen und andere Gebäudeleistungen im Neubau und im Gebäudebestand global zu. Die rasante Bautätigkeit infolge der anhaltendenden Urbanisierung in vielen Ländern führt zu höherem spezifischen Energiebedarf pro Fläche und auch die Wohnflächen pro Kopf steigen weltweit an. Der Klimawandel und die Erwärmung von urbanen Räumen führt zur Zunahme von Hitzewellen und folglich zu einem gesteigerten Kühlenergiebedarf. Auch in Regionen, in denen traditionell die Gebäudekühlung keine Rolle spielte, nehmen die Installationszahlen von Kältegeräten beständig zu. Auch das Heizverhalten in den moderaten und kalten Weltregionen ändert sich. Zusammengenommen wirken diese Faktoren den globalen Treibhausgaseinsparzielen entgegen. In allen Ländern sind integrierte Strategien und effektive angepasste planerische, technische und politische Maßnahmen notwendig, um den Gebäudeenergiebedarf bei einer notwendigen Steigerung der Nutzungsqualität zu senken. Development of building energy demand and savings targets in Germany and in various countries in Asia: The energy demand for building conditioning is currently increasing rapidly in many countries around the world, and thus also the emissions of greenhouse gases from energy production for the building sector. With the economic development in the countries of the global south, the demands on the comfort conditions in buildings are increasing. As a result, the installation of technical equipment for heating, cooling and other building services in the new buildings and the retrofit in the existing building stock is increasing globally. The rapid construction activity as a result of the ongoing urbanisation in many countries leads to higher specific energy demand per area and the per capita living space is increasing worldwide. Climate change and the warming of urban areas are leading to an increase in heat waves and consequently to increased cooling energy requirements. Even in regions where building cooling was traditionally insignificant, the number of refrigeration appliance installations is constantly increasing. The heating behaviour in the moderate and cold regions of the world is also changing. Taken together, these factors counteract the global greenhouse gas savings targets. Integrated strategies and effective adapted planning, technical and political measures are necessary in all countries in order to reduce the building energy demand with a necessary increase of quality of use.
Advancements in Aircraft Propulsion Technologies
Creators: name: Bhavesh Jain
name: Vaishali Anil Kumar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Rocket propulsion systems serve as the bedrock of human area exploration, propelling our endeavors into the vastness of the cosmos. This paper delves into the area of rocket propulsion advancements, charting the evolutionary trajectory from traditional chemical rockets to groundbreaking innovations poised to redefine the destiny of space tour.The exploration encompasses a comprehensive evaluation of various propulsion technology, spanning from conventional chemical rockets to pioneering options like electric propulsion, nuclear standards, and speculative propulsion systems. Each era is scrutinized for its performance, thrust competencies, and capacity to revolutionize the dynamics of area missions.Key insights into the evolution of propulsion structures are revealed, dissecting the ideas, boundaries, and breakthroughs that have fashioned their improvement. The study delineates the transformative capability of emerging technology, which include electric propulsion structures leveraging ion drives and Hall-impact thrusters, showcasing their notable performance and high-specific impulse.Moreover, the studies navigates the frontier of nuclear propulsion concepts, assessing their theoretical feasibility and capacity to drastically shorten challenge periods. It highlights the challenges confronting the realization of these improvements, spanning technical hurdles, material improvements, and safety concerns pivotal for his or her realistic implementation.The influences of propulsion improvements are extrapolated, exploring their implications on payload capacities, venture periods, and the potentialities for interplanetary journey. As these advancements unfold, environmental and regulatory considerations emerge, annoying a balance between technological innovation and environmental stewardship.Anticipating destiny traits, the abstract envisions the horizon of propulsion technology, casting mild on rising principles like plasma-primarily based propulsion and speculative thoughts like antimatter propulsion, hinting at the transformative ability that would redefine the frontiers of area exploration.
Anticipatory Configuration of Resource-aware Applications
Creators: name: Poladian, Vahe
name: Sousa, João
name: Padberg, Frank
name: Shaw, Mary
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an improved approach to dynamic configuration of resource-aware applications. The new anticipatory model of configuration maximizes utility based on three inputs: user preferences, application capability profiles, and resource availability. In this respect, the proposed model is similar to a model of configuration described in [2]. However, the latter addressed the dynamic nature of the problem by reacting to changes (such as decrease in resource availability), and maximized the utility in a point-wise manner. The newly proposed anticipatory approach explicitly models the duration of the task and leverages possible information about the future (such as stochastic resource availability over the expected duration of the task). We expect that the anticipatory model will improve user’s utility, conserve scarce resources, and reduce the amount of disruption to the user resulting from changes when compared to the reactive model. However, the optimization problem underlying the anticipatory model is computationally more difficult than the problem underlying the reactive model. We would like to investigate if the anticipatory approach is feasible and efficient in practice while delivering the above-mentioned improvements. In this paper, we carefully state the model of anticipatory configuration, highlight the sources of complexity in the problem, propose an algorithm to the anticipatory configuration problem, and provide a roadmap for research.
A Coprocessor for Accelerating Visual Information Processing
Creators: name: Stechele, W.
name: Carcel, L. Alvado
name: Herrmann, S.
name: Simon, J. Lidon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Visual information processing will play an increasingly important role in future electronics systems. In many applications, e.g. video surveillance cameras, data throughput of microprocessors is not sufficient and power consumption is too high. Instruction profiling on a typical test algorithm has shown that pixel address calculations are the dominant operations to be optimized. Therefore AddressLib, a structured scheme for pixel addressing was developed, that can be accelerated by AddressEngine, a coprocessor for visual information processing. In this paper, the architectural design of AddressEngine is described, which in the first step supports a subset of the AddressLib. Dataflow and memory organization are optimized during architectural design. AddressEngine was implemented in a FPGA and was tested with MPEG-7 Global Motion Estimation algorithm. Results on processing speed and circuit complexity are given and compared to a pure software implementation. The next step will be the support for the full AddressLib, including segment addressing. An outlook on further investigations on dynamic reconfiguration capabilities is given.
description: Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/)
Verbesserung der Luftqualität und Verringerung des Lärms in Städten
Creators: name: Schubert, Susanne
name: Steindorf, Annett
name: Appelhans, Johanna
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: growing agglomerations, urban development, urban quarters, air quality, noise protection, urban planning, urban structures, air quality ventilation, fresh air corridors

description: Der dringend notwendige zusätzliche Wohnraum in den Ballungsräumen wird vorranging durch Verdichtung in der Stadt realisiert. Um verdichtete und durchmischte Stadtquartiere mit guter Luft und wenig Lärm zu schaffen, sind Planer und Städtebauer gefordert. Für die Verringerung des Lärms sind geschlossene städtebauliche Strukturen wie Blockrandbebauung oder andere lärmabschirmende Maßnahmen von Vorteil. Für saubere Luft sind die Durchlüftung der Quartiere, insbesondere durch Luftleitbahnen, und die Freihaltung von größeren unbebauten Flächen ein zentrales Anliegen. Diese unterschiedlichen Anforderungen an den Städtebau in Einklang zu bringen, ist eine wichtige planerische Aufgabe, deren Zielkonflikte sich nicht allein städtebaulich lösen lassen. Das wichtigste Handlungsfeld zur Verbesserung der Luft und Verringerung des Lärms ist der Straßenverkehr. Maßnahmen zum Erreichen der notwendigen Verkehrswende erzeugen Synergien, die Luftbelastung und Lärm mindern. Improvement of air quality and reduction of noise in cities: The urgently needed living space in growing agglomerations is primarily realized through inner urban development. To develop compact and mixed used urban quarters with high standards of air quality and noise protection, good solutions of urban planning and design are required. A noise sensitive urban development needs closed urban structures, as for example perimeter block development or other noise shading measures. For air quality ventilation, especially through fresh air corridors, within the urban quarters as well as areas for fresh air generation are important. To bring these divergent needs in urban development in accordance is a major task for urban planning. However, the conflict of goals will not be solved by urban development only. The most important field of action to improve air quality and reduce noise is traffic. Measures to reach a transformation in traffic create synergies for both air quality control and noise protection.