cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Capture of complete ciliate chromosomes in single sequencing reads reveals widespread chromosome isoforms
Creators: name: Lindblad, Kelsi A.
name: Pathmanathan, Jananan Sylvestre
name: Moreira, Sandrine
name: Bracht, John
name: Sebra, Robert P.
name: Hutton, Elizabeth R.
name: Landweber, Laura F.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Whole-genome shotgun sequencing, which stitches together millions of short sequencing reads into a single genome, ushered in the era of modern genomics and led to a rapid expansion of the number of genome sequences available. Nevertheless, assembly of short reads remains difficult, resulting in fragmented genome sequences. Ultimately, only a sequencing technology capable of capturing complete chromosomes in a single run could resolve all ambiguities. Even third generation sequencing technologies produce reads far shorter than most eukaryotic chromosomes. However, the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax has a somatic genome with thousands of chromosomes averaging only 3.2 kbp, making it an ideal candidate for exploring the benefits of sequencing whole chromosomes without assembly. Results: We used single-molecule real-time sequencing to capture thousands of complete chromosomes in single reads and to update the published Oxytricha trifallax JRB310 genome assembly. In this version, over 50% of the completed chromosomes with two telomeres derive from single reads. The improved assembly includes over 12,000 new chromosome isoforms, and demonstrates that somatic chromosomes derive from variable rearrangements between somatic segments encoded up to 191,000 base pairs away. However, while long reads reduce the need for assembly, a hybrid approach that supplements long-read sequencing with short reads for error correction produced the most complete and accurate assembly, overall. Conclusions: This assembly provides the first example of complete eukaryotic chromosomes captured by single sequencing reads and demonstrates that traditional approaches to genome assembly can mask considerable structural variation.
On the universality of goldstino action
Creators: name: Hatanaka, Tomoya
name: Ketov, Sergei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find the Goldstino action descending from the N=1 Goldstone-Maxwell superfield action associated with the spontaneous partial supersymmetry breaking, N=2 to N=1, in superspace. The new Goldstino action has higher (second-order) spacetime derivatives, while it can be most compactly described as a solution to the simple recursive relation. Our action seems to be related to the standard (having only the first-order derivatives) Akulov-Volkov action for Goldstino via a field redefinition.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX; a few misprints corrected, a footnote and a sentence added
On the basic reproduction number in continuously structured populations
Creators: name: Barril, Carles
name: Calsina, Àngel
name: Cuadrado, Sílvia
name: Ripoll, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92D25, 35Q92

description: In the framework of population dynamics, the basic reproduction number R_0 is, by definition, the expected number of offspring that an individual has during its lifetime. In constant and time periodic environments it is calculated as the spectral radius of the so-called next-generation operator. In continuously structured populations defined in a Banach lattice X with concentrated states at birth one cannot define the next-generation operator in X. In the present paper we present an approach to compute the basic reproduction number of such models as the limit of the basic reproduction number of a sequence of models for which R_0 can be computed as the spectral radius of the next-generation operator. We apply these results to some examples: the (classical) size-dependent model, a size structured cell population model, a size structured model with diffusion in structure space (under some particular assumptions) and a (physiological) age-structured model with diffusion in structure space.
Appendix A
Creators: name: Ploughe, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50207 Environmental Rehabilitation (excl. Bioremediation)
subject: Environmental Science

description: Appendix A for Baethke et al
A PWM Method for Reducing the Electromagnetic Noise at the Generation Source in Silicon Carbide Power Converters-Slides
Creators: Mahima Gupta
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2024

PELS Webinar Slides

Abstract: Today's semiconductor devices are accompanied by high switching frequencies (at least tens of kilohertz) and small transition times (tens of nanoseconds). Such fast transition times are accompanied by undesirable effects such as wide-band electromagnetic noise, voltage overshoots at the source or load terminals, ground leakage currents, to name a few. With the advent of wide bandgap (WBG) devices, several applications are moving towards higher switching frequency operation with at least an order of magnitude reduction in transition times over conventional silicon devices. While these characteristics are considered necessary to break the next-generation barriers in power density, efficiency and applicability, the undesirable effects due to faster transitions have continued to present obstacles for widespread WBG adoption. This presentation discusses a pulse-width modulation (PWM) method to modify the shape of the switching voltages to overcome the disadvantages of the fast transition times without an increase in switching losses. In fact, several of the switching transitions feature zero-voltage switching (ZVS) operation resulting in reduced switching losses. The presentation discusses the analytical details of the proposed method using a simple dc-dc boost-buck converter and extends it to dc to three-phase AC converter using the principles of space vector modulation (SVM). The presentation also discusses the comparative results using simulation and experimental studies in terms of voltage over-shoots over long cables, loss calculations and electromagnetic noise for both silicon and silicon carbide devices.
Electronic correlations, spectral and magnetic properties of ZrZn$_2$
Creators: name: Skornyakov, S. L.
name: Protsenko, V. S.
name: Anisimov, V. I.
name: Katanin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a theoretical study of a prototypical weak ferromagnet ZrZn$_2$. We use the density-functional theory (DFT)+dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) method to study the electronic and local magnetic properties. The obtained DFT+DMFT electronic self-energies are Fermi-liquid like, indicating a small effective mass enhancement of the Zr $4d$ states $m^*/m\sim 1.1 - 1.3$ accompanied by partly formed local moments within the electronic states of $t_{2g}$ symmetry. The effect of electronic interaction is shown to be essential for determining the correct topology of some of the Fermi surface sheets. To study in detail the pressure dependence of the Curie temperature $T_{\rm C}$ and corresponding pressure-induced quantum phase transition, we consider an effective single-band model, constructed using the Zr $4d$ contribution to the total density of states. The model is studied within static and dynamic mean-field theory, as well as spin-fermion approach. We show that the spin-fermion approach yields the temperature dependence of susceptibility at ambient pressure and the pressure dependence $T_{\rm C}(p)$, including the first-order quantum phase transition at $p\approx 1.7$~GPa, comparable well with the experimental data.
The automorphism group of the sandwich inverse symmetric semigroup
Creators: name: Kudryavtseva, G. M.
name: Tsyaputa, G. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M20

description: The structure of the automorphism group of the sandwich semigroup IS_n is described in terms of standard group constructions.
description: 8 pages
Two-Qubit Bloch Sphere
Creators: name: Wie, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three unit spheres were used to represent the two-qubit pure states. The three spheres are named the base sphere, entanglement sphere, and fiber sphere. The base sphere and entanglement sphere represent the reduced density matrix of the base qubit and the non-local entanglement measure, concurrence, while the fiber sphere represents the fiber qubit via a simple rotation under a local single-qubit unitary operation; however, in an entangled bipartite state, the fiber sphere has no information on the reduced density matrix of the fiber qubit. When the bipartite state becomes separable, the base and fiber spheres seamlessly become the single-qubit Bloch spheres of each qubit. Since either qubit can be chosen as the base qubit, two alternative sets of these three spheres are available, where each set fully represents the bipartite pure state, and each set has information of the reduced density matrix of its base qubit. Comparing this model to the two Bloch balls representing the reduced density matrices of the two qubits, each Bloch ball corresponds to two unit spheres in our model, namely, the base and entanglement spheres. The concurrence-coherence complementarity is explicitly shown on the entanglement sphere via a single angle.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
R code
Creators: name: Ploughe, Laura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Science

description: R code for Baethke et al
Capture of complete ciliate chromosomes in single sequencing reads reveals widespread chromosome isoforms
Creators: name: Lindblad, Kelsi A.
name: Pathmanathan, Jananan Sylvestre
name: Moreira, Sandrine
name: Bracht, John
name: Sebra, Robert P.
name: Hutton, Elizabeth R.
name: Landweber, Laura F.
Publisher: name: BMC Genomics
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Whole-genome shotgun sequencing, which stitches together millions of short sequencing reads into a single genome, ushered in the era of modern genomics and led to a rapid expansion of the number of genome sequences available. Nevertheless, assembly of short reads remains difficult, resulting in fragmented genome sequences. Ultimately, only a sequencing technology capable of capturing complete chromosomes in a single run could resolve all ambiguities. Even third generation sequencing technologies produce reads far shorter than most eukaryotic chromosomes. However, the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax has a somatic genome with thousands of chromosomes averaging only 3.2 kbp, making it an ideal candidate for exploring the benefits of sequencing whole chromosomes without assembly. Results: We used single-molecule real-time sequencing to capture thousands of complete chromosomes in single reads and to update the published Oxytricha trifallax JRB310 genome assembly. In this version, over 50% of the completed chromosomes with two telomeres derive from single reads. The improved assembly includes over 12,000 new chromosome isoforms, and demonstrates that somatic chromosomes derive from variable rearrangements between somatic segments encoded up to 191,000 base pairs away. However, while long reads reduce the need for assembly, a hybrid approach that supplements long-read sequencing with short reads for error correction produced the most complete and accurate assembly, overall. Conclusions: This assembly provides the first example of complete eukaryotic chromosomes captured by single sequencing reads and demonstrates that traditional approaches to genome assembly can mask considerable structural variation.
Effect of weak disorder on the ground state of uniaxial dipolar spin systems in the upper critical dimension
Creators: name: Klopper, A. V.
name: Roessler, U. K.
name: Stamps, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extensive Monte Carlo simulations are used to investigate the stability of the ferromagnetic ground state in three-dimensional systems of Ising dipoles with added quenched disorder. These systems model the collective ferromagnetic order observed in various systems with dipolar long-range interactions. The uniaxial dipolar spins are arranged on a face-centred cubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions. Finite-size scaling relations for the pure dipolar ferromagnetic system are derived by a renormalisation group calculation. These functions include logarithmic corrections to the expected mean field behaviour since the system is in its upper critical dimension. Scaled data confirm the validity of the finite-size scaling description and results are compared with subsequent analysis of weakly disordered systems. A disorder-temperature phase diagram displays the preservation of the ferromagnetic ground state with the addition of small amounts of disorder, suggesting the irrelevance of weak disorder in these systems.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures; proceedings of the 3rd NEXT-Sigma-Phi Conference, Kolymbari, Greece, August 2005
Setophoma undetermined
Creators: name: de Medeiros, Lívia S.
name: Abreu, Lucas M.
name: Nielsen, Anita
name: Ingmer, Hanne
name: Larsen, Thomas O.
name: Nielsen, Kristian F.
name: Rodrigues-Filho, Edson
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Dothideomycetes
Pleosporales
Phaeosphaeriaceae
Setophoma
Setophoma undetermined

description: 2.1. Dereplication of Setophoma sp. micro-extracts
 The micro-extracts obtained from cultivation of Setophoma sp. in nine solid media (rice, PDA, MEA, MEAox, CYA, YES, OAT, DRYES, and WATM) were dereplicated through UHPLC–DAD–HRMS data analysis. The base peak chromatograms (BPC) of rice, PDA, MEA, MEAox and OAT media showed, in general, the production of the same metabolites according to the UV profiles and accurate masses of detected peaks. The main detected peaks displayed pseudomolecular ions [M — H]  —  at m/z 451.1393 (1), 465.1557 (2), 479.1702 (3), 479.1699 (4), 301.1087 (5), 287.0930 (6), and 287.0932 (7), respectively, clearly suggesting the presence of likely isomers for the four last ions (Fig. S2, Suppl. Data). The mono-isotopic masses were then submitted to the AntiBase 2012 query (±5 ppm) (Laatsch, 2012) which afforded some known candidates. The obtained data from the investigated ions, in particular the UV and the HRMS/MS spectra, were thoroughly compared with the chemical profiles of the AntiBase candidates. Notable similarity was found for the detected compounds to the candidates lecanorins B and C, thielavins Q and R produced by the same strain (de Medeiros et al., 2013). Moreover, the observed maximum UV absorptions for the investigated unknown peaks were in the range of 272–280 nm, while the fragmentation profile afforded common fragment ions such as m/z 149, 163 and 177 (Figs. S38–S44). Indeed, except for the suggested depsides, the obtained spectroscopic features did not fit to the structures of the remaining known candidates. Hence, they were discarded and the detection of new metabolites produced by the microorganism was assumed.
 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +55 16 3351 8052; fax: +55 16 3351 8350. E-mail address: liviasoman@gmail.com (L. S. de Medeiros).
 Although the chemical profile of Setophoma sp. in the rice, PDA, MEA, MEAox and OAT media had showed spectroscopic resemblances, the first medium seemed to be optimal for the microorganism cultivation due to the relative intensity of some target compounds (Fig. S3). The other tested media did not yield the same depside production as displayed in Fig. S1. Therefore, the rice medium was chosen to scale up fungal growth.
description: Published as part of de Medeiros, Lívia S., Abreu, Lucas M., Nielsen, Anita, Ingmer, Hanne, Larsen, Thomas O., Nielsen, Kristian F. & Rodrigues-Filho, Edson, 2015, Dereplication-guided isolation of depsides thielavins S-T and lecanorins D-F from the endophytic fungus Setophoma sp., pp. 154-162 in Phytochemistry 111 on pages 154-155, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.12.020, http://zenodo.org/record/10487821
Additional file 1 of Clinicopathological investigation of secretory carcinoma cases including a successful treatment outcome using entrectinib for high-grade transformation: a case report
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kensuke
name: Harada, Hiroshi
name: Takeda, Masayuki
name: Ohe, Chisato
name: Uemura, Yoshiko
name: Kawahara, Akihiko
name: Sawada, Shunsuke
name: Kanda, Akira
name: Sengupta, Bhaswati
name: Iwai, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Antibodies used for immunohistochemical study.
Qualitative Besonderheiten in der frühen Eltern-Kind-Interaktion bei einer elterlichen posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung und Schlussfolgerungen für die Heilpädagogische Früherziehung. Ein systematischer Literaturreview basierend auf Studien mit videogestützter Datenerhebung
Creators: name: Holzmann, Lena
Publisher: name: Interkantonale Hochschule für Heilpädagogik
Year: 2024
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Heilpädagogische Früherziehung
Eltern-Kind-Interaktion
posttraumatische Belastungsstörung
Literaturreview

description: Gelingende Interaktionserfahrungen in der frühen Kindheit sind grundlegend für die kognitive und sozio-emotionale Entwicklung des Kindes. Doch welche qualitativen Besonderheiten zeigen sich in der frühen Eltern-Kind-Interaktion, wenn die Bezugsperson mit einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) diagnostiziert ist? Durch einen systematischen Literaturreview mit videogestützten Studien zeigt sich, dass eine elterliche PTBS zu umfassenden Verhaltensänderungen bei der betroffenen Bezugsperson und deren Kind führt. Die Interaktion ist unter anderem geprägt von fehlender Feinfühligkeit, kindlicher Enttäuschung, wenig Blickkontakt und mangelnder Übereinstimmung. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit frühzeitiger Interventionen durch videobasierte Beratung und Stärkung der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit sowie interdisziplinärer Ansätze zur Unterstützung betroffener Familien.
Logarithmic Sobolev Inequality for Zero-Range Dynamics: independence of the number of particles
Creators: name: Pra, Paolo Dai
name: Posta, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60K35, 82C22

description: We prove that the logarithmic-Sobolev constant for Zero-Range Processes in a box of diameter L may depend on L but not on the number of particles. This is a first, but relevant and quite technical step, in the proof that this logarithmic-Sobolev constant grows as L^2, that will be presented in a forthcoming paper.
Scenarios for global aquaculture and its role in human nutrition
Creators: name: Gephart, Jessica Ann
name: Golden, Christopher D.
name: Asche, Frank
name: Belton, Ben
name: Brugère, Cécile
name: Froehlich, Halley E.
name: Fry, Jillian Parry
name: Halpern, Benjamin S.
name: Hicks, Christina C.
name: Jones, Robert C.
name: Klinger, Dane H.
name: Little, David
name: McCauley, Douglas J.
name: Thilsted, Shakuntala Haraksingh
name: Troell, Max
name: Allison, Edward Hugh
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Global demand for freshwater and marine foods (i.e., seafood) is rising and an increasing proportion is farmed. Aquaculture encompasses a range of species and cultivation methods, resulting in diverse social, economic, nutritional, and environmental outcomes. As a result, how aquaculture develops will influence human wellbeing and environmental health outcomes. Recognition of this has spurred a push for nutrition-sensitive aquaculture, which aims to benefit public health through the production of diverse, nutrient-rich seafood and enabling equitable access. This article explores plausible aquaculture futures and their role in nutrition security using a qualitative scenario approach. Two dimensions of economic development–the degree of globalization and the predominant economic development philosophy–bound four scenarios representing systems that are either localized or globalized, and orientated toward maximizing sectoral economic growth or to meeting environmental and equity dimensions of sustainability. The potential contribution of aquaculture in improving nutrition security is then evaluated within each scenario. While aquaculture could be “nutrition-sensitive” under any of the scenarios, its contribution to addressing health inequities is more likely in the economic and political context of a more globally harmonized trade environment and where economic policies are oriented toward social equity and environmental sustainability.
Extreme underrepresentation of first-generation college students in the geosciences: An intersectional issue
Creators: name: Carrera, Anahi
name: Luckie, Thomas
name: Cooperdock, Emily H. G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: First-generation college students (FGCS), defined as students whose parents did not earn a baccalaureate degree, encounter distinct obstacles navigating academia. Barriers faced by FGCS, including lack of financial security, lower sense of belonging, and inadequate mentorship, are often compounded by the intersection of other marginalized identities. As such, efforts to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion can and should include FGCS. To better support FGCS, first we must fully understand who they are, where they are pursuing degrees, what they choose to study, and their representation in the geosciences. We use over 40 years of data to explore the demographics and field of study of FGCS in U.S. institutions. We observe that FCGS have outnumbered non-FCGS at the undergraduate level since data collection began in the 1990’s. At the doctoral level we present data from 1974-2016 that show that although non-FGCS have outnumbered FGCS since the 1990’s, most doctoral graduates of color continue to be FGCS. Our data also show that in 2016 over 61% of all undergraduates receiving a bachelor’s degree across all fields were FGCS, 54% of physical science undergraduates were FGCS, and yet only 25% of those in the geosciences were FGCS. Out of the various fields analyzed, the geosciences have the lowest percentage of FGCS at the undergraduate and doctoral level. This begs the question, why are FGCS yet another markedly underrepresented group in the geosciences? Here we begin to address this question and provide guidance for how to reduce barriers to FGCS inclusion in the geosciences.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019
Creators: name: Moonsamy, Shelina
name: Suchard, Melinda
name: Pillay, Pavitra
name: Prabdial-Sing, Nishi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Scenarios for global aquaculture and its role in human nutrition
Creators: name: Gephart, Jessica Ann
name: Golden, Christopher D.
name: Asche, Frank
name: Belton, Ben
name: Brugère, Cécile
name: Froehlich, Halley E.
name: Fry, Jillian Parry
name: Halpern, Benjamin S.
name: Hicks, Christina C.
name: Jones, Robert C.
name: Klinger, Dane H.
name: Little, David
name: McCauley, Douglas J.
name: Thilsted, Shakuntala Haraksingh
name: Troell, Max
name: Allison, Edward Hugh
Publisher: name: Reviews in Fisheries Science and Aquaculture
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30
subject: Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences

description: Global demand for freshwater and marine foods (i.e., seafood) is rising and an increasing proportion is farmed. Aquaculture encompasses a range of species and cultivation methods, resulting in diverse social, economic, nutritional, and environmental outcomes. As a result, how aquaculture develops will influence human wellbeing and environmental health outcomes. Recognition of this has spurred a push for nutrition-sensitive aquaculture, which aims to benefit public health through the production of diverse, nutrient-rich seafood and enabling equitable access. This article explores plausible aquaculture futures and their role in nutrition security using a qualitative scenario approach. Two dimensions of economic development–the degree of globalization and the predominant economic development philosophy–bound four scenarios representing systems that are either localized or globalized, and orientated toward maximizing sectoral economic growth or to meeting environmental and equity dimensions of sustainability. The potential contribution of aquaculture in improving nutrition security is then evaluated within each scenario. While aquaculture could be “nutrition-sensitive” under any of the scenarios, its contribution to addressing health inequities is more likely in the economic and political context of a more globally harmonized trade environment and where economic policies are oriented toward social equity and environmental sustainability.
Food Security and Climate Change in Guyana
Creators: name: Affuso, Ermanno
name: Affuso, Ermanno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security, Climate Change, Caribbean Agricultural Production, Maximum Entropy Econometrics.

description: This study uses a nonparametric simultaneous equation statistical model to assess the potential impact of climate change on the prevalence of undernourishment and dietary adequacy in Guyana. Given the limited data availability, the Generalized Maximum Entropy procedure is used as an extremely precise and robust technique to estimate a simultaneous equation statistical model that links the annual domestic production of food, climate anomalies, economic and food security indicators. While population growth, per capita income and food price are the main determinants of food security and dietary adequacy in the country, results of the analysis reveal also that a 100mm increase in annual rainfall anomaly (normal 1900-1999) could decrease the domestic production of food by 12.61% and the dietary adequacy by 0.016 percentage points.
Satisfaction and Quality of Housing among Older Persons in Rural East Trinidad
Creators: name: Francis-Granderson, Isabella
name: Pemberton, Carlisle
name: De Sormeaux, Afiya
name: Francis-Granderson, Isabella
name: Pemberton, Carlisle
name: De Sormeaux, Afiya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Older Persons, Housing Quality and Satisfaction, Housing Quality Index, Trinidad

description: Currently the proportion of older persons in rural areas is rising. Many of those based in rural areas are older persons with a strong agricultural background and indeed many are aging farmers. This study determined for low-income older persons in rural Trinidad and Tobago their satisfaction with their housing, their housing quality status and the factors influencing their housing quality status. 300 old aged pensioners (65 and 103 years old) were personally interviewed. While the majority (67.7 %) of older persons was satisfied with their housing, 46 % had poor quality housing. Older persons considered themselves to be in poorer health than the general US population, but in about the same state of mental health. The main predictors of housing quality status were whether the respondent lived alone, the levels of education, income and the gender of the elderly respondent.
COVID-19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis : A scholarly exchange
Creators: name: Woods, Eric Taylor
name: Schertzer, Robert
name: Greenfeld, Liah
name: Hughes, Christopher R.
name: Miller-Idriss, Cynthia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: In this article, several scholars of nationalism discuss the potential for the COVID-19 pandemic to impact the development of nationalism and world politics. To structure the discussion, the contributors respond to three questions: (1) how should we understand the relationship between nationalism and COVID-19; (2) will COVID-19 fuel ethnic and nationalist conflict; and (3) will COVID-19 reinforce or erode the nation-state in the long run? The contributors formulated their responses to these questions near to the outset of the pandemic, amid intense uncertainty. This made it acutely difficult, if not impossible, to make predictions. Nevertheless, it was felt that a historically and theoretically informed discussion would shed light on the types of political processes that could be triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, the aim is to help orient researchers and policy-makers as they grapple with what has rapidly become the most urgent issue of our times.
An investigation into the potential for PVC reduction in residential building drainage lines : a triple bottom line analysis of PVC vs. HDPE
Creators: name: Dylag, Mark
name: Hopkins, Chris
name: Shim, Davis
name: Swanton, Keiran
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2015

description: One of the most popular building materials in the world when looking for flexibility and cheap cost, PVC comes with numerous harmful side-effects to both the environment and the people surrounding it at various stages of its life cycle. One possible alternative is another plastic: HDPE. This study analyzes PVC’s environmental and social effects from its production, to its implementation in the residential sector of UBC piping, and finally its disposal as either waste or recyclable material, while comparing it to HDPE. Multiple secondary sources, consisting of peer-reviewed journal articles and books, were consulted for research into both materials. Research revealed that the key harmful effects of PVC include the release of dust in production facilities, the leaching of its additives into the liquid it is transporting, and the release of chlorine toxins into the atmosphere during recycling and waste disposal. HDPE comes without any of PVC’s harmful environmental and social side effects while at the same time providing better material properties, at the expense of a higher cost. It is recommended to switch to the use of HDPE piping when installing drainage lines and considering using HDPE for piping in the water system if UBC Technical Guidelines are changed to allow it in the future. i Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
From Farm to Table: Reducing Mycotoxin Contamination of Food in the Caribbean - A Review of Sustainable Strategies.
Creators: name: Morrison, Donna M.
name: Ramsay, Colin M.
name: Oguledo Victor,
name: Osiri, J. Kalu
name: Morrison, Donna M.
name: Ramsay, Colin M.
name: Oguledo Victor,
name: Osiri, J. Kalu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Food Safety, Prevention, Control, Postharvest, Preharvest, Detoxification

description: An important aspect of food security is food safety, i.e., ensuring that food reaching consumers is safe and that consumers perceive the food to be safe. As Caribbean countries typically have hot and humid climates, there is the possibility that its food supply can be exposed to and become infected with harmful fungi. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of toxigenic fungi, which, if consumed in sufficiently large amounts, can have adverse effects on human health. In addition to being a risk to public health, uncontrolled mycotoxins in food supply can also temporarily or permanently harm Caribbean export and tourism markets. This review briefly examines the effects of mycotoxins on human health and focuses on culturally consistent, cost-effective and sustainable strategies that encourage local entrepreneurial engagement in the management of mycotoxins. These strategies may straddle the range of important mycotoxins examining mechanisms along the supply chain, recognizing the need for increased education and awareness, promoting local production and harmonizing food safety standards in the Caribbean.
Simplified derivation of the Hawking-Unruh temperature for an accelerated observer in vacuum
Creators: name: Alsing, Paul M.
name: Milonni, Peter W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detector undergoing uniform acceleration $a$ in a vacuum field responds just as though it were immersed in thermal radiation of temperature $T=\hbar a/2πk c$. A simple, intuitive derivation of this result is given for the case of a scalar field in one spatial dimension. The approach is then extended to treat the case where the field seen by the accelerated observer is a spin-1/2 Dirac field.
description: 11 pages, no figures, (written in REVTEX4). Submitted to Am. J. Phys, 26Jan04. - Accepted Am.J.Phys (to appear Nov 2004). 15 pages, fixed confusing typo in Eq.(8), expanded references citng related previous works, discussion of parameter domain of integrals used, and relationship of Minkowski to Rindler vacuum
COVID-19, nationalism, and the politics of crisis : A scholarly exchange
Creators: name: Woods, Eric Taylor
name: Schertzer, Robert
name: Greenfeld, Liah
name: Hughes, Christopher R.
name: Miller-Idriss, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Nations and Nationalism
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: In this article, several scholars of nationalism discuss the potential for the COVID-19 pandemic to impact the development of nationalism and world politics. To structure the discussion, the contributors respond to three questions: (1) how should we understand the relationship between nationalism and COVID-19; (2) will COVID-19 fuel ethnic and nationalist conflict; and (3) will COVID-19 reinforce or erode the nation-state in the long run? The contributors formulated their responses to these questions near to the outset of the pandemic, amid intense uncertainty. This made it acutely difficult, if not impossible, to make predictions. Nevertheless, it was felt that a historically and theoretically informed discussion would shed light on the types of political processes that could be triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, the aim is to help orient researchers and policy-makers as they grapple with what has rapidly become the most urgent issue of our times.
Re-purposing Heterogeneous Generative Ensembles with Evolutionary Computation
Creators: name: Toutouh, Jamal
name: Hemberg, Erik
name: O'Reilly, Una-May
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are popular tools for generative modeling. The dynamics of their adversarial learning give rise to convergence pathologies during training such as mode and discriminator collapse. In machine learning, ensembles of predictors demonstrate better results than a single predictor for many tasks. In this study, we apply two evolutionary algorithms (EAs) to create ensembles to re-purpose generative models, i.e., given a set of heterogeneous generators that were optimized for one objective (e.g., minimize Frechet Inception Distance), create ensembles of them for optimizing a different objective (e.g., maximize the diversity of the generated samples). The first method is restricted by the exact size of the ensemble and the second method only restricts the upper bound of the ensemble size. Experimental analysis on the MNIST image benchmark demonstrates that both EA ensembles creation methods can re-purpose the models, without reducing their original functionality. The EA-based demonstrate significantly better performance compared to other heuristic-based methods. When comparing both evolutionary, the one with only an upper size bound on the ensemble size is the best.
description: Accepted as a full paper for the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference - GECCO'20
Reentrant Phenomenon in Quantum Phase Diagram of Optical Boson Lattice
Creators: name: Kleinert, H.
name: Schmidt, S.
name: Pelster, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the location of the quantum phase transitions of a bose gas trapped in an optical lattice as a function of effective scattering length $a_{\eff}$ and temperature $T$. Knowledge of recent high-loop results on the shift of the critical temperature at weak couplings is used to locate a {\em nose} in the phase diagram above the free Bose-Einstein critical temperature $T_c^{(0)}$, thus predicting the existence of a reentrant transition {\em above} $T_c^{(0)}$, where a condensate should form when {\em increasing} $a_{\eff}$. At zero temperature, the transition to the normal phase produces the experimentally observed Mott insulator.
description: Author Information under http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/institution.html
Feasibility of implementing same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation during routine care in Ekurhuleni District, South Africa : retention and viral load suppression
Creators: name: Mshweshwe-Pakela, Nolundi T.
name: Hansoti, Bhakti
name: Mabuto, Tonderai
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Kubeka, Griffiths
name: Hahn, Elizabeth A.
name: Charalambous, Salome
name: Hoffmann, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Same-day initiation (SDI) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been advocated as an approach to increase linkage to care and overall ART initiation. Clinical trials have demonstrated impressive benefits. However, questions regarding patient preparedness and retention in care remain for routine implementation of this approach. Objectives: In this study, we sought to describe SDI of ART during routine care delivery and compare time to ART initiation on longitudinal care outcomes. Method: We performed a retrospective chart review of 100 consecutive individuals, newly diagnosed with HIV, from 10 health facilities across Ekurhuleni, from January to July 2017. Records were reviewed for a period of 1 year post-diagnosis. Abstracted data included demographics, time to ART initiation, clinic visits and laboratory test results (including viral load testing). Results: A total of 993 patient records were reviewed, of which 826 were included in the analysis. The majority of patients (752, 91%) had ART initiation recorded, of which 654 (79%) had ART initiated within 30 days, and 224 (27%) had SDI. Uptake of SDI of ART was higher among women (36% vs. 10.4%; p < 0.001) and in younger patients (33.7% in those < 29 years; p < 0.01). Retention in care at 6 months was achieved in 477 (58%) patients. Of those with 6-month viral loads, 350/430 (73%) had a viral load < 400 c/m. Retention in care and viral suppression were similar among those with SDI of ART and later ART initiation. Conclusion: Same-day initiation of ART was successfully delivered with similar retention and viral load outcomes as subsequent initiation, providing re-assurance for scale-up of this strategy in routine care.
Two early stage inverse power-law relaxations in the far from equilibrium dynamics in semi-classical percolative composites
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Somnath
name: Roy, Partha Pratim
name: Sen, Asok Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In several experiments for measuring various classes of responses, performed at least some four decades ago, on driven physical systems in a far-from-equilibrium (or, from a steady-state) situation, early stage inverse-power-law relaxation dynamics had been observed. Since then, this intriguing behavior raised its head off and on until it regained its central role in the mainstream physical sciences about a decade ago with a breakdown and/or avalanche type (also called self-organized critical) behavior of the sand-pile model and a host of other similar problems. In this communication, we report on the non-equilibrium dynamics in our Random Resistor cum Tunneling-bond Network (RRTN) model. Previously, this semi-classical, or semi-quantum percolative model has been highly successful in explaining the static behavior for various random composite systems. In our dynamic studies for the last several years, we observe two initial power-laws (more than a decade each) and then an exponential relaxation for asymptotically large time scales. Efforts were made to interpret our results with various existing theoretical wisdom/s (which give, only one power-law relaxation for each such system near its breakdown or run-away type state). Obviously, our results (with two different power-laws) are richer than those particular cases. Further, a complete theory is still lacking probably due to a much deeper issue of entropy at stake. The appearance of two power-laws seems to be connected to some non-extensive information-loss / entropy (the experimental systems being mostly athermal) for such systems near their brinks (catastrophic failure not necessarily due to criticality).
description: Published in the proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Physics, Bangladesh, 2003
Case Study: Climate Effects Influence the Growth of Perth Mahaicony Farmers’ Association
Creators: name: De Mendonca, Arnold
name: De Mendonca, Arnold
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: Climate Change, Diversification, Pork Products, Value Added, Prices

description: The effects of climate change, irregular rainfall patterns, flooding and market forces, are collective challenges faced by the farmers in Perth Mahaicony Village Region 5 Guyana. To overcome these climate effects, rural farmers have been desperately seeking to diversify their production bases in multiple areas in order to spread their risk. One diversification effort, pig farming, despite initially showing low profitability from primary production sales, is now evolving into a profitable value added activity through the improvement of the value chain for the production of pork products namely hams and sausages. The Perth Mahaicony Pig Farmers have benefited from financial and technical assistance training interventions of organisational strengthening, agro-processing and marketing. The Ministry of Agriculture, IFAD and IICA in addition to other developmental institutions, have collaborated in targeting through different interventions the promotion of sustainable improvement to the value chain for pork production. These actions have afforded farmers the continual ability to produce and market pork products in an excellent way, while generating added income from the realization of larger profits, compared to previous profits gained from sales of fresh pork meat previously sold.
Additional file 2 of Prevalence and incidence rates of laboratory-confirmed hepatitis B infection in South Africa, 2015 to 2019
Creators: name: Moonsamy, Shelina
name: Suchard, Melinda
name: Pillay, Pavitra
name: Prabdial-Sing, Nishi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2.
Wetting phenomenon in the liquid-vapor phase coexistence of a partially miscible Lennard-Jones binary mixture
Creators: name: Díaz-Herrera, Enrique
name: Moreno-Razo, José A.
name: Ramírez-Santiago, Guillermo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out extensive equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the structure and the interfacial properties in the liquid-vapor (LV) phase coexistence of partially miscible binary Lennard-Jones (LJ) mixtures. By analyzing the structural properties as a function of the miscibility parameter, $ α$, we found that at relatively low temperatures the system separates forming a liquid A-liquid B interface in coexistence with the vapor phase. At higher temperatures and, $ 0
description: Enlarged version that include results of more extensive simulations. A total of 24 LaTeX pages that include 12 encapsulated poscript figures. To appear in PRE, Vol. 70, issue Sept. 1st (2004)