cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical risk factors of non-contact ACL injuries: A stochastic biomechanical modeling study
Creators: name: Liu, Hui
name: Yu, Bing
name: Garrett, William
name: Lin, Cheng-Feng
name: Weinhold, Paul
name: Gros, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Background Significant efforts have been made to identify modifiable risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in male and female athletes. However, current literature on the risk factors for ACL injury are purely descriptive. An understanding of biomechanical relationship between risk and risk factors of the non-contact ACL injury is necessary to develop effective prevention programs.PurposeTo compare lower extremity kinematics and kinetics between trials with and without non-contact ACL injuries and to determine if any difference exists between male and female trials with non-contact ACL injuries regarding the lower extremity motion patterns.Methods In this computer simulation study, a stochastic biomechanical model was used to estimate the ACL loading at the time of peak posterior ground reaction force (GRF) during landing of the stop-jump task. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to simulate the ACL injuries with repeated random samples of independent variables. The distributions of independent variables were determined from in vivo laboratory data of 40 male and 40 female recreational athletes.ResultsIn the simulated injured trials, both male and female athletes had significantly smaller knee flexion angles, greater normalized peak posterior and vertical GRF, greater knee valgus moment, greater patella tendon force, greater quadriceps force, greater knee extension moment, and greater proximal tibia anterior shear force in comparison to the simulated uninjured trials. No significant difference was found between genders in any of the selected biomechanical variables in the trials with simulated non-contact ACL injuries.Conclusion Small knee flexion angle, large posterior GRF, and large knee valgus moment are risk factors of non-contact ACL injury determined by a stochastic biomechanical model with a cause-and-effect relationship.
Model-QED operator for superheavy elements
Creators: name: Malyshev, A. V.
name: Glazov, D. A.
name: Shabaev, V. M.
name: Tupitsyn, I. I.
name: Yerokhin, V. A.
name: Zaytsev, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The model-QED-operator approach [Phys. Rev. A 88, 012513 (2013)] to calculations of the radiative corrections to binding and transition energies in atomic systems is extended to the range of nuclear charges $110 \leqslant Z \leqslant 170$. The self-energy part of the model operator is represented by a nonlocal potential based on diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of the ab initio self-energy operator with the Dirac-Coulomb wave functions. The vacuum-polarization part consists of the Uehling contribution which is readily computed for an arbitrary nuclear-charge distribution and the Wichmann-Kroll contribution represented in terms of matrix elements similarly to the self-energy part. Performance of the method is studied by comparing the model-QED-operator predictions with the results of ab initio calculations. The model-QED operator can be conveniently incorporated in any numerical approach based on the Dirac-Coulomb-Breit Hamiltonian to account for the QED effects in a wide variety of superheavy elements.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, 15 tables
Institutionalizing short food supply chains for sustainable development: challenging issues
Creators: name: Dervillé, Marie
name: Wallet, Frederic
name: Dervillé, Marie
name: Wallet, Frederic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Short food supply chains
subject: quality standards
subject: institutions
subject: territorial resources
subject: proximity

description: The paper discusses the conditions for the development and sustainability of short food supply chains (SFSC) and the potential role of a labelling scheme defined at European level. Based on the analytical framework of institutional economics, our study shows that the coordination mechanisms developed by the actors who engage in SFSC respond to economic as well as political logics, and identifies mechanisms specific to these forms of market regulation. The role of geographical proximity in SFSC approaches is underlined, as well as the variety of its meanings depending on the models. In a con-text characterized by a vast diversity of initiatives, the limitations and benefits of regulations based on existing informal institutions are presented. Finally, the relevance of a unique labelling system of SFSC is questioned and means for improving its effectiveness are suggested.
Uncertainty Estimation for Safe Human-Robot Collaboration using Conservation Measures
Creators: name: Baek, Woo-Jeong
name: Ledermann, Christoph
name: Kröger, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an online and data-driven uncertainty quantification method to enable the development of safe human-robot collaboration applications. Safety and risk assessment of systems are strongly correlated with the accuracy of measurements: Distinctive parameters are often not directly accessible via known models and must therefore be measured. However, measurements generally suffer from uncertainties due to the limited performance of sensors, even unknown environmental disturbances, or humans. In this work, we quantify these measurement uncertainties by making use of conservation measures which are quantitative, system specific properties that are constant over time, space, or other state space dimensions. The key idea of our method lies in the immediate data evaluation of incoming data during run-time referring to conservation equations. In particular, we estimate violations of a-priori known, domain specific conservation properties and consider them as the consequence of measurement uncertainties. We validate our method on a use case in the context of human-robot collaboration, thereby highlighting the importance of our contribution for the successful development of safe robot systems under real-world conditions, e.g., in industrial environments. In addition, we show how obtained uncertainty values can be directly mapped on arbitrary safety limits (e.g, ISO 13849) which allows to monitor the compliance with safety standards during run-time.
A Novel Approach to Multiple Hypothesis Testing Under Dependence and Insights for Inference on Random Dot Product Networks
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Swarnita
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Block Diagonal Correlation
Dependence
Gene Co-expression and GWAS
Multiple Hypotheses Testing
Random Dot Product Models
Social networks

description: Statistical inference problems, particularly in the context of multiple hypotheses testing, attract extensive research attention. This is particularly true when the test candidates exhibit interdependence or lack of independence among themselves. Concurrently, network analysis has emerged as a pivotal field for unveiling the interconnectedness and relationships among entities within a network, also making it a prominent area of investigation. In this dissertation, we investigate two distinct topics. In the first study, we introduce the concept of "r-Power" for evaluating multiple hypothesis testing under dependence, with our focus being on block diagonal correlation correlation structure. We explore its asymptotic properties and validate our findings through comprehensive simulation studies. Additionally, we present an algorithm that effectively utilizes this metric and demonstrate its practical applications in gene co-expression and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Our results illustrate that, in a high-dimensional data, with relatively low number of signals, our method is able to provide a confidence to the list of captured signals. Furthermore, our formulation offers insights into selecting an appropriate number of test candidates for improved confidence levels. In our second study, we focus on statistical inferential techniques tailored for social network data, with a specific emphasis on the Random Dot Product model. We address the challenge of overestimation or underestimation of common social network metrics under this model with adjacency spectral embedding, particularly for small to medium-scaled networks. Additionally, we propose a novel embedding method for accurately representing such networks asymptotically and determine graph embedding for specific graph families. We also reviewed hypotheses testing for social network comparison and proposed a parametric approach to test the difference between two social networks. We validate our findings using data from a village social network. Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of statistical inference in high-dimensional data, with our focus on multiple hypotheses testing and network analysis. It tackles challenges, presents solutions, and showcases practical applications, thereby enhancing our overall knowledge in these areas.
(102465) Mildred Kate Dean
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Riding Gravity Away from Doomsday
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery that most of the energy density in the universe is stored in the form of dark energy has profound consequences for our future. In particular our current limited understanding of quantum theory of gravity indicates that some time in the future our universe will undergo a phase transition that will destroy us and everything else around us instantaneously. However the laws of gravity also suggest a way out -- some of our descendants could survive this catastrophe by riding gravity away from the danger. In this essay I describe the tale of this escape from doomsday.
description: LaTeX file, 8 pages, prepared for 2015 essay competition of gravity research foundation
Injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors of hamstring strain injuries in sports: A review of the literature
Creators: name: Garrett, William
name: Yu, Bing
name: Liu, Hui
name: Moorman, Claude
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Hamstring strains are one of most common sports injuries. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize studies on hamstring strain injury rate, mechanism, and risk factors in the last several decades with a focus on the prevention and rehabilitation of this injury. Hamstring injury commonly occurs in sporting events in which high speed sprinting and kicking are frequently performed, such as Australian football, English rugby, American football, and soccer. Basic science studies have demonstrated that a muscle strain injury occurs due to excessive strain in eccentric contraction instead of force, and that elongation speed and duration of activation before eccentric contraction affect the severity of the injury. Hamstring strain injury is likely to occur during the late swing phase and late stance phase of sprint running. Shortened optimum muscle length, lack of muscle flexibility, strength imbalance, insufficient warm-up, fatigue, lower back injury, poor lumbar posture, and increased muscle neural tension have been identified as modifiable risk factors while muscle compositions, age, race, and previous injuries are non-modifiable risk factors. The theoretical basis of some of these risk factors, however, is lacking, and the results of clinical studies on these risk factors are inconsistent. Future studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationships between those proposed risk factors and the injury.
Formation of Robust Multi-Agent Networks Through Self-Organizing Random Regular Graphs
Creators: name: Yazicioglu, A. Yasin
name: Egerstedt, Magnus
name: Shamma, Jeff S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multi-agent networks are often modeled as interaction graphs, where the nodes represent the agents and the edges denote some direct interactions. The robustness of a multi-agent network to perturbations such as failures, noise, or malicious attacks largely depends on the corresponding graph. In many applications, networks are desired to have well-connected interaction graphs with relatively small number of links. One family of such graphs is the random regular graphs. In this paper, we present a decentralized scheme for transforming any connected interaction graph with a possibly non-integer average degree of k into a connected random m-regular graph for some m in [k, k + 2]. Accordingly, the agents improve the robustness of the network with a minimal change in the overall sparsity by optimizing the graph connectivity through the proposed local operations.
Role of WTO in the Promotion of Trade and IPR in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Hashimy, Sayed Qudrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: International trade and investment law

description: Accession to the World trade organization provided Afghanistan a platform to resolve its transit-related problems via this organization. The assessment of the impact of the World trade organization agreement can result in a dynamic capability that enables the country to respond to uncertain and changing business environments and to sustain its trade activities globally. The outcome and gaps can lead Afghanistan to work efficiently to enhance export, reduce imports and protect IPR regimes. The study reveals a lack of available and reliable research concerning trade and IPR protection in Afghanistan. It makes it challenging to integrate information and draw an interpretation about the impact of WTO on trade and IPR. The study’s objectives are to review the WTO agreement of business and IPR with Afghanistan and analyze the future scope of the WTO agreement on the economy of Afghanistan.
Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf Präventionsangebote zu durch Blut und sexuell übertragenen Infektionen bei Drogengebrauchenden
Creators: name: Krings, Amrei
name: Steffen, Gyde
name: Germershausen, Christine
name: Zimmermann, Ruth
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: Drogenhilfe
subject: STI
subject: Prävention
subject: Testangebot
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Im Rahmen einer Kurzbefragung zur aktuellen Situation in niedrigschwelligen Drogenhilfeeinrichtungen in der COVID-19-Krise wurden 41 Einrichtungen angeschrieben. Die zusammengefassten Rückmeldungen der niedrigschwelligen Einrichtungen der Drogenhilfe zeigen, dass es gravierende Einschränkungen hinsichtlich der Präventionsangebote für Blut- und sexuell übertragene Infektionskrankheiten durch die COVID-19-Krise gibt. Die Krise hat zeitweise zu einer vollständigen Schließung von Einrichtungen geführt, wobei viele mittlerweile unter Einhaltung der vorgeschriebenen Hygiene- und Abstandsregeln wieder öffnen konnten. Dies hat auch aktuell noch Auswirkungen auf die Beratungsmöglichkeiten, Testangebote, Konsum- und Aufenthaltsmöglichkeiten.
Leggett modes and the Anderson-Higgs mechanism in superconductors without inversion symmetry
Creators: name: Bittner, Nikolaj
name: Einzel, Dietrich
name: Klam, Ludwig
name: Manske, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a microscopic and gauge-invariant theory for collective modes resulting from the phase of the superconducting order parameter in non-centrosymmetric superconductors. Considering various crystal symmetries we derive the corresponding gauge mode $ω_{\rm G}({\bf q})$ and find, in particular, new Leggett modes $ω_{\rm L}({\bf q})$ with characteristic properties that are unique to non-centrosymmetric superconductors. We calculate their mass and dispersion that reflect the underlying spin-orbit coupling and thus the balance between triplet and singlet superconductivity occurring simultaneously. Finally, we demonstrate the role of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism: while the long-range Coulomb interaction shifts $ω_{\rm G}({\bf q})$ to the condensate plasma mode $ω_{\rm P}({\bf q})$, it leaves the mass $Λ_0$ of the new Leggett mode unaffected and only slightly modifies its dispersion.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
(102472) William Edward Willis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Reiseimpfungen für besondere Personengruppen
Creators: name: Kling, Kerstin
name: Wichmann, Ole
name: Burchard, Gerd
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Reise
subject: Impfung
subject: Impfpräventable Erkrankung
subject: Immunsuppression
subject: Reisemedizinische Beratung
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Die Anzahl an Menschen, die internationale Reisen unternehmen, ist in den letzten Jahrzehnten stetig gestiegen. Unter den Reisenden befinden sich in zunehmendem Maß auch Menschen, bei denen ein erhöhtes Risiko für impfpräventable Infektionserkrankungen oder die Entwicklung von schwereren Krankheitsverläufen besteht. Senioren, Kinder, Schwangere und Stillende, Personen mit besonderen Vorerkrankungen sowie Menschen, die in ihrem Herkunftsland Verwandte und Freunde besuchen (Visiting Friends and Relatives [VFR]), sind Risikogruppen, die bei der reisemedizinischen Vorsorge allgemein und besonders hinsichtlich empfohlener Impfungen besondere Beachtung verdienen. Bei einigen dieser Risikogruppen sind Einschränkungen bezüglich der Verträglichkeit oder der Wirksamkeit notwendiger Impfungen zu berücksichtigen. Nicht zu allen Risikogruppen und jedem Impfstoff gibt es eine eindeutige Studienlage, sodass die Beratung vor einer Reise immer eine Einzelfallbetrachtung unter Abwägung von individuellem Nutzen und Risiko erfordert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag sind die Besonderheiten für jede Gruppe aufgeführt, die es grundsätzlich bei der reisemedizinischen Vorsorge zu beachten gilt.
Context-Aware Wireless Small Cell Networks: How to Exploit User Information for Resource Allocation
Creators: name: Khanafer, Ali
name: Saad, Walid
name: Başar, Tamer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.1; I.2.11
subject: 91A10

description: In this paper, a novel context-aware approach for resource allocation in two-tier wireless small cell networks~(SCNs) is proposed. In particular, the SCN's users are divided into two types: frequent users, who are regular users of certain small cells, and occasional users, who are one-time or infrequent users of a particular small cell. Given such \emph{context} information, each small cell base station (SCBS) aims to maximize the overall performance provided to its frequent users, while ensuring that occasional users are also well serviced. We formulate the problem as a noncooperative game in which the SCBSs are the players. The strategy of each SCBS is to choose a proper power allocation so as to optimize a utility function that captures the tradeoff between the users' quality-of-service gains and the costs in terms of resource expenditures. We provide a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of a pure strategy Nash equilibrium for the game, and we show that this condition is independent of the number of users in the network. Simulation results show that the proposed context-aware resource allocation game yields significant performance gains, in terms of the average utility per SCBS, compared to conventional techniques such as proportional fair allocation and sum-rate maximization.
description: To be presented at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), London, U.K., 2015
A Compensated Design of the LGAD Gain Layer
Creators: name: Sola, Valentina
name: Arcidiacono, Roberta
name: Asenov, Patrick
name: Borghi, Giacomo
name: Boscardin, Maurizio
name: Cartiglia, Nicolò
name: Vignali, Matteo Centis
name: Croci, Tommaso
name: Ferrero, Marco
name: Fondacci, Alessandro
name: Gioachin, Giulia
name: Giordanengo, Simona
name: Lantieri, Leonardo
name: Mandurrino, Marco
name: Menzio, Luca
name: Monaco, Vincenzo
name: Morozzi, Arianna
name: Moscatelli, Francesco
name: Passeri, Daniele
name: Pastrone, Nadia
name: Paternoster, Giovanni
name: Siviero, Federico
name: Staiano, Amedeo
name: Tornago, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this contribution, we present an innovative design of the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) gain layer, the p$^+$ implant responsible for the local and controlled signal multiplication. In the standard LGAD design, the gain layer is obtained by implanting $\sim$ 5E16/cm$^3$ atoms of an acceptor material, typically Boron or Gallium, in the region below the n$^{++}$ electrode. In our design, we aim at designing a gain layer resulting from the overlap of a p$^+$ and an n$^+$ implants: the difference between acceptor and donor doping will result in an effective concentration of about 5E16/cm$^3$, similar to standard LGADs. At present, the gain mechanism of LGAD sensors under irradiation is maintained up to a fluence of $\sim$ 1-2E15/cm$^2$, and then it is lost due to the acceptor removal mechanism. The new design will be more resilient to radiation, as both acceptor and donor atoms will undergo removal with irradiation, but their difference will maintain constant. The compensated design will empower the 4D tracking ability typical of the LGAD sensors well above 1E16/cm$^2$.
description: Keywords: Silicon sensor, LGAD, Compensation, Compensated LGAD, Gain layer, 4D tracking, Radiation hardness
Current concepts in sport concussion management: A multifaceted approach
Creators: name: Littleton, Ashley
name: Guskiewicz, Kevin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Sport-related concussion is a common neurological injury that occurs in all levels of athletic participation. Concussions may actually go undiagnosed, as they do not always display outward signs and athletes may fail to report symptoms of concussion, either because they do not know the symptoms, or for fear of removal from play. Inappropriate management of concussion can lead to increased risk of subsequent injury. This article outlines various aspects of sport-related concussion management, including preparation/planning, education, evaluation, management, return to play decisions, and long term effects of concussion. Preparation and education are the first steps that must be taken to minimize the potentially negative consequences of concussion. If a concussion is suspected, it must be stressed that the evaluation should include a multifaceted approach, with a physical examination and assessment of signs and symptoms, neurocognition and balance. The management of concussion should include both physical and cognitive rest and factors such as transportation, sleep, work, and academics should be taken into consideration. Return to play following concussion should follow a graduated return to play protocol, with careful monitoring of symptoms. Sports medicine clinicians should stay up to date with information regarding concussion management and take a conservative approach, because there are recent reports of various cumulative effects of multiple concussions.
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer: Loading mechanisms, risk factors, and prevention programs
Creators: name: Yu, Bing
name: Garrett, William
name: Dai, Boyi
name: Mao, Dewei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in soccer. Understanding ACL loading mechanisms and risk factors for ACL injury is critical for designing effective prevention programs. The purpose of this review is to summarize the relevant literature on ACL loading mechanisms, ACL injury risk factors, and current ACL injury prevention programs for soccer players. Literature has shown that tibial anterior translation due to shear force at the proximal end of tibia is the primary ACL loading mechanism. No evidence has been found showing that knee valgus moment is the primary ACL loading mechanism. ACL loading mechanisms are largely ignored in previous studies on risk factors for ACL injury. Identified risk factors have little connections to ACL loading mechanisms. The results of studies on ACL injury prevention programs for soccer players are inconsistent. Current ACL injury prevention programs for soccer players are clinically ineffective due to low compliance. Future studies are urgently needed to identify risk factors for ACL injury in soccer that are connected to ACL loading mechanisms and have cause-and-effect relationships with injury rate, and to develop new prevention programs to improve compliance.
Abundant Methanol Masers but no New Evidence for Star Formation in GCM0.253+0.016
Creators: name: Mills, E. A. C.
name: Butterfield, N.
name: Ludovici, D. A.
name: Lang, C. C.
name: Ott, J.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Schmitz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of the quiescent giant molecular cloud GCM0.253+0.016 in the Galactic center, using the upgraded Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. Observations were made at wavelengths near 1 cm, at K (24 to 26 GHz) and Ka (27 and 36 GHz) bands, with velocity resolutions of 1-3 km/s and spatial resolutions of ~0.1 pc, at the assumed 8.4 kpc distance of this cloud. The continuum observations of this cloud are the most sensitive yet made, and reveal previously undetected emission which we attribute primarily to free-free emission from external ionization of the cloud. In addition to the sensitive continuum map, we produce maps of 12 molecular lines: 8 transitions of NH3 -- (1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(7,7) and (9,9), as well as the HC3N (3-2) and (4-3) lines, and CH3OH 4(-1) - 3(0) the latter of which is known to be a collisionally-excited maser. We identify 148 CH3OH 4(-1) - 3(0) (36.2 GHz) sources, of which 68 have brightness temperatures in excess of the highest temperature measured for this cloud (400 K) and can be confirmed to be masers. The majority of these masers are concentrated in the southernmost part of the cloud. We find that neither these masers nor the continuum emission in this cloud provide strong evidence for ongoing star formation in excess of that previously inferred by the presence of an H2O maser.
description: 33 pages, 4 tables, 9 figures; ApJ Accepted
(102466) Samuel Dean
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Markovian dynamics of concurrent systems
Creators: name: Abbes, Samy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B10, 68Q87

description: Monoid actions of trace monoids over finite sets are powerful models of concurrent systems---for instance they encompass the class of 1-safe Petri nets. We characterise Markov measures attached to concurrent systems by finitely many parameters with suitable normalisation conditions. These conditions involve polynomials related to the combinatorics of the monoid and of the monoid action. These parameters generalise to concurrent systems the coefficients of the transition matrix of a Markov chain. A natural problem is the existence of the uniform measure for every concurrent system. We prove this existence under an irreducibility condition. The uniform measure of a concurrent system is characterised by a real number, the characteristic root of the action, and a function of pairs of states, the Parry cocyle. A new combinatorial inversion formula allows to identify a polynomial of which the characteristic root is the smallest positive root. Examples based on simple combinatorial tilings are studied.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures, 33 references
(102467) Mary Ann Hicks
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Redshift-Space Clustering of SDSS Galaxies --- Luminosity Dependence, Halo Occupation Distribution, and Velocity Bias
Creators: name: Guo, Hong
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Zehavi, Idit
name: Behroozi, Peter S.
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Comparat, Johan
name: Favole, Ginevra
name: Gottloeber, Stefan
name: Klypin, Anatoly
name: Prada, Francisco
name: Weinberg, David H.
name: Yepes, Gustavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the measurements and modelling of the small-to-intermediate scale (0.1--25 Mpc/h) projected and three-dimensional (3D) redshift-space two-point correlation functions (2PCFs) of local galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7. We find a clear dependence of galaxy clustering on luminosity in both projected and redshift spaces, generally being stronger for more luminous samples. The measurements are successfully interpreted within the halo occupation distribution (HOD) framework with central and satellite velocity bias parameters to describe galaxy kinematics inside haloes and to model redshift-space distortion (RSD) effects. In agreement with previous studies, we find that more luminous galaxies reside in more massive haloes. Including the redshift-space 2PCFs helps tighten the HOD constraints. Moreover, we find that luminous central galaxies are not at rest at the halo centres, with the velocity dispersion about 30% that of the dark matter. Such a relative motion may reflect the consequence of galaxy and halo mergers, and we find that central galaxies in lower mass haloes tend to be more relaxed with respect to their host haloes. The motion of satellite galaxies in luminous samples is consistent with their following that of the dark matter. For faint samples, satellites tends to have slower motion, with velocity dispersion inside haloes about 85% that of the dark matter. We discuss possible applications of the velocity bias constraints on studying galaxy evolution and cosmology. In the appendix, we characterize the distribution of galaxy redshift measurement errors, which is well described by a Gaussian-convolved double exponential distribution.
description: Fixed the Arxiv pdf generator bug for Figure 4. Figure 4 highlights the agreement between our models and the data
Concussion management in soccer
Creators: name: Carneiro, Kevin
name: Mihalik, Jason
name: Teel, Elizabeth
name: Lynall, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Brain injuries in sports drew more and more public attentions in recent years. Brain injuries vary by name, type, and severity in the athletic setting. It should be noted, however, that these injuries are not isolated to only the athletic arena, as non-athletic mechanisms (e.g., motor vehicle accidents) are more common causes of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) among teenagers. Notwithstanding, as many as 1.6 to 3.8 million TBI result from sports and recreation each year in the United States alone. These injuries are extremely costly to the global health care system, and make TBI among the most expensive conditions to treat in children. This article serves to define common brain injuries in sport describe their prevalence, what happens to the brain following injury, how to recognize and manage these injuries, and what you can expect as the athlete recovers. Some return-to-activity considerations for the brain-injured athlete will also be discussed.
Biomechanical characteristics of an anterior cruciate ligament injury in javelin throwing
Creators: name: Mao, Min
name: Dai, Boyi
name: Garrett, William
name: Yu, Bing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanism of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in javelin throwing and javelin throwing techniques relevant to this ACL injury. Methods: The patient in this study was an elite female javelin thrower who completed the first three trials and sustained a non-contact ACL injury on her left knee in the fourth trial of javelin throwing during a recent track and field meet. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected in the injury and non-injury trials. The kinematic data of 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers were obtained from a javelin throwing biomechanical database. Results: The patient had greater forward center of mass velocity and less vertical center of mass velocity after the first 25% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The patient had less left knee flexion angle and angular velocity but similar left knee valgus and internal rotation angles during the first 21% of the delivery phase in the injury trial compared to non-injury trials. The video images showed an obvious tibia anterior translation at the 30% of the delivery phase in the injury trial. The left knee flexion angle and angular velocity at the time of the left foot landing and the maximal left knee flexion angle during the delivery phase were not significantly correlated to the official distance for 52 male and 54 female elite javelin throwers. Conclusion: The ACL injury in this study occurred during the first 30% of the delivery phase, most likely during the first 25% of the delivery phase. A stiff landing of the left leg with a small knee flexion angle was the primary contributor to this injury. Javelin throwers may have a soft left leg landing with a flexed knee, which may help them prevent ACL injuries without compromising performance.
(102460) Llewelyn Richards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
War Crimes in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Hashimy, Sayed Qudrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: International humanitarian and human rights law
International criminal law
Public international law
Conflict of laws (incl. private international law)
International and comparative law not elsewhere classified

description: War crimes are identified with violations of the law of war at the time of armed conflict. It is an extensive concept and if any harm is caused to mankind during peacetime, it is regarded as a war crime. Any kind of infringement of human rights falls under war crimes. The suffering of Afghans was ignored by the world for a couple of decades but what is not acceptable is that Afghanistan’s government is doing the same. Afghanistan does not have any substantial law on genocide. War crimes in Afghanistan include acts such as abuse of civilians or prisoners of war. It is important to deal with the problem of genocide and related violence. Hence, war crimes in Afghanistan are violations of international humanitarian laws incurring individual criminal responsibility and must be adequately investigated.
Index-leveling for forced-flow turbulent face-cooling of laser amplifiers
Creators: name: Marion, Denis
name: Balcou, Philippe
name: Féral, Christophe
name: Rohm, Antoine
name: Lhermite, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct laser slab face-cooling by a fluid crossing the main and pump laser beams is an important method to reach high average laser powers. However, the flow regime is usually maintained at low Reynolds numbers, to prevent the onset of turbulence features in the flow, that would degrade wavefront quality. We show here how bringing the fluid temperature to the thermo-optical null point, close to the water/ice transition in the case of water, allows one to mitigate the optical consequences of hydrodynamic instabilities, by bleaching optically the temperature inhomogeneities within the flow. This optical process, dubbed 'index-leveling', opens the door to a highly efficient forced-flow, weakly turbulent face-cooling regime that should be instrumental to boost the kilowatt capabilities of next generation high-power lasers.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
(102461) Mary Phillips
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Effect of approach run velocity on the optimal performance of the triple jump
Creators: name: Liu, Hui
name: Mao, Dewei
name: Yu, Bing
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of horizontal and vertical velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run on the performance and optimal phase ratio of the triple jump. Methods: Three-dimensional kinematic data of 13 elite male triple jumpers were obtained during a competition. Computer simulations were performed using a biomechanical model of the triple jump to determine the longest actual distance using the optimal phase ratio with altered horizontal and vertical velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run. Results: The actual distance obtained using the optimal phase ratio significantly increased as the horizontal velocity at the landing of the last step of approach run increased (p = 0.001) and the corresponding downward vertical velocity decreased (p = 0.001). Increasing horizontal velocity at the landing of the last step of approach run decreased optimal hop percentage and increased optimal jump percentage (p = 0.001), while decreasing corresponding downward vertical velocity increased optimal hop percentage and decreased optimal jump percentage (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The effects of the velocities at the landing of the last step of approach run on the optimal phase ratio were generally small and did not qualitatively alter optimal techniques.
Khovanov homotopy type, Burnside category, and products
Creators: name: Lawson, Tyler
name: Lipshitz, Robert
name: Sarkar, Sucharit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we give a new construction of a Khovanov homotopy type. We show that this construction gives a space stably homotopy equivalent to the Khovanov homotopy types constructed in [LS14a] and [HKK] and, as a corollary, that those two constructions give equivalent spaces. We show that the construction behaves well with respect to disjoint unions, connected sums and mirrors, verifying several conjectures from [LS14a]. Finally, combining these results with computations from [LS14c] and the refined s-invariant from [LS14b] we obtain new results about the slice genera of certain knots.
(102458) Edith Mary Parry
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(102459) Gwilym Richards
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Why Ultrafast Photo-induced CO Desorption Dominates over Oxidation on Ru(0001)
Creators: name: Tetenoire, Auguste
name: Ehlert, Christopher
name: Juaristi, J. I.
name: Saalfrank, Peter
name: Alducin, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CO oxidation on Ru(0001) is a long-standing example of a reaction that, being thermally forbidden in ultra-high vacuum, can be activated by femtosecond laser pulses. In spite of its relevance, the precise dynamics of the photo-induced oxidation process as well as the reasons behind the dominant role of the competing CO photo-desorption remain unclear. Here we use ab initio molecular dynamics with electronic friction that account for the highly excited and non-equilibrated system created by the laser to investigate both reactions. Our simulations successfully reproduce the main experimental findings: the existence of photo-induced oxidation and desorption, the large desorption to oxidation branching ratio, and the changes in the O K-edge X-ray absorption spectra attributed to the initial stage of the oxidation process. Now, we are able to monitor in detail the ultrafast CO desorption and CO oxidation occurring in the highly-excited system and to disentangle what causes the unexpected inertness to the otherwise energetically favored oxidation.
(102456) Hilda Florence Parry
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.