cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Convolutional Neural Networks for Global Human Settlements Mapping from Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery
Creators: name: Corbane, Christina
name: Syrris, Vasileios
name: Sabo, Filip
name: Politis, Panagiotis
name: Melchiorri, Michele
name: Pesaresi, Martino
name: Soille, Pierre
name: Kemper, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Spatially consistent and up-to-date maps of human settlements are crucial for addressing policies related to urbanization and sustainability, especially in the era of an increasingly urbanized world.The availability of open and free Sentinel-2 data of the Copernicus Earth Observation program offers a new opportunity for wall-to-wall mapping of human settlements at a global scale.This paper presents a deep-learning-based framework for a fully automated extraction of built-up areas at a spatial resolution of 10 m from a global composite of Sentinel-2 imagery.A multi-neuro modeling methodology building on a simple Convolution Neural Networks architecture for pixel-wise image classification of built-up areas is developed.The core features of the proposed model are the image patch of size 5 x 5 pixels adequate for describing built-up areas from Sentinel-2 imagery and the lightweight topology with a total number of 1,448,578 trainable parameters and 4 2D convolutional layers and 2 flattened layers.The deployment of the model on the global Sentinel-2 image composite provides the most detailed and complete map reporting about built-up areas for reference year 2018. The validation of the results with an independent reference data-set of building footprints covering 277 sites across the world establishes the reliability of the built-up layer produced by the proposed framework and the model robustness.
description: 51 pages including supplementary material, 13 Figures in the main manuscript, under review in Neural Computing and Applications journal
Are there customary rights to plants? An inquiry among the Baganda (Uganda), with special attention to gender
Creators: name: Howard, Patricia L.
name: Nabanoga, Gorettie
name: Howard, Patricia L.
name: Nabanoga, Gorettie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Common Property Resources
subject: Intellectual Property Rights
subject: plant resources
subject: gender
subject: Africa
subject: Uganda

description: Debates around Common Property Resources and Intellectual Property Rights fail to consider traditional and indigenous rights regimes that regulate plant resource exploitation, establish bundles of powers and obligations for heterogeneous groups of users, and create differential entitlements to benefits that are related to social structures. Such rights regimes are important to maintaining biodiversity and to human welfare; failing to recognize them presents dangers. The case study investigates the gendered nature of informal rights to selected tree and plant species that are distinct from, but related to, customary rights to land and trees, and are embedded in cosmology and social norms.
Notes on diffusion in collisionless medium
Creators: name: Kozlov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A collisionless continuous medium in Euclidean space is discussed, i.e. a continuum of free particles moving inertially, without interacting with each other. It is shown that the distribution density of such medium is weakly converging to zero as time increases indefinitely. In the case of Maxwell's velocity distribution of particles, this density satisfies the well-known diffusion equation, the diffusion coefficient increasing linearly with time.
description: 6 pages
Asymptotic Properties of Stieltjes Constants
Creators: name: Maślanka, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06

description: We present a new asymptotic formula for the Stieltjes constants which is both simpler and more accurate than several others published in the literature (see e.g. \cite{Fekih-Ahmed}, \cite{Knessl Coffey}, \cite{Paris}). More importantly, it is also a good starting point for a detailed analysis of some surprising regularities in these important constants.
description: 21 pages 11 figures
Methods for Generating Typologies of Non/use
Creators: name: Saxena, Devansh
name: Skeba, Patrick
name: Guha, Shion
name: Baumer, Eric P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prior studies of technology non-use demonstrate the need for approaches that go beyond a simple binary distinction between users and non-users. This paper proposes a set of two different methods by which researchers can identify types of non/use$^{1}$ relevant to the particular sociotechnical settings they are studying. These methods are demonstrated by applying them to survey data about Facebook non/use. The results demonstrate that the different methods proposed here identify fairly comparable types of non/use. They also illustrate how the two methods make different trade offs between the granularity of the resulting typology and the total sample size. The paper also demonstrates how the different typologies resulting from these methods can be used in predictive modeling, allowing for the two methods to corroborate or disconfirm results from one another. The discussion considers implications and applications of these methods, both for research on technology non/use and for studying social computing more broadly.
New York Times Upshot/Siena College: October 2018 Ohio 01 Poll
Creators: name: New York Times
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2021

description: Likelihood of voting in 2018 election (2); opinion of various public figures (2); Ohio Congressional District 01 (1); Democratic Candidate Aftab Pureval (1); Republican Candidate Steve Chabot (1); vote for Democrat/Republican for Congress (1); respondent would like Democrats/Republicans to control House of Representatives (1); President Donald Trump approval (1); support/oppose various political positions (4).
Disruption time scales of star clusters in different galaxies
Creators: name: Lamers, Henny J. G. L. M.
name: Gieles, Mark
name: Zwart, Simon F. Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed average lifetime of the population of star clusters in the Solar Neighbourhood, the Small Magellanic Cloud and in selected regions of M51 and M33 is compared with simple theoretical predictions and with the results of N-body simulations. The empirically derived lifetimes (or disruption times) of star clusters depend on their initial mass as t_dis ~ Mcl^0.60 in all four galaxies. N-body simulations have shown that the predicted disruption time of clusters in a tidal field scales as t_dis^pred ~ t_rh^0.75 t_cr^0.25, where t_rh is the initial half-mass relaxation time and t_cr is the crossing time for a cluster in equilibrium. We show that this can be approximated accurately by t_dis^pred ~ M_cl^0.62 for clusters in the mass range of about 10^3 to 10^6 M_sun, in excellent agreement with the observations. Observations of clusters in different extragalactic environments show that t_dis also depends on the ambient density in the galaxies where the clusters reside. Linear analysis predicts that the disruption time will depend on the ambient density of the cluster environment as t_dis ~ rho_amb^-0.5. This relation is consistent with N-body simulations.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Does geography matter in nutrient abatement? Bioeconomic model of heteregoneus farm nutrient loads
Creators: name: Helin, Janne
name: Helin, Janne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: non-point source water pollution
subject: abatement costs
subject: heterogeneity

description: Economists often rely on stylised models for analysis of environmental policies. This study demonstrates that abstracting from soil and topography can have profound effect on marginal abatement costs of nutrient loads. By extending earlier bioeconomic models to represent heterogeneous soils and slopes, it is possible to show that targeting the abatement methods on high load risk areas allows low cost reduction. Ignoring the heterogeneity can lead to significant overestimates of the abatement costs and hence to misleading policy recommendations. The results hold even for relatively Flat areas, such as the watershed of River Kalajoki, for which the model was applied to.
Abundances in Damped Ly-alpha Galaxies
Creators: name: Molaro, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Damped Ly_alpha galaxies provide a sample of young galaxies where chemical abundances can be derived throughout the whole universe with an accuracy comparable to that for the local universe. Despite a large spread in redshift, HI column density and metallicity, DLA galaxies show a remarkable uniformity in the elemental ratios rather suggestive of similar chemical evolution if not of an unique population. These galaxies are characterized by a moderate, if any, enhancement of alpha-elements over Fe-peak elemental abundance with [S/Zn] about 0 and [O/Zn] about 0.2, rather similarly to the dwarfs galaxies in the Local Group. Nitrogen shows a peculiar behaviour with a bimodal distribution and possibly two plateaux. In particular, the plateau at low N abundances ([N/H] < -3), is not observed in other atrophysical sites and might be evidence for primary N production by massive stars.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the ESO/Arcetri Workshop on "Chemical Abundances and Mixing in Stars in the Milky Way and its Satellites", eds., L. Pasquini and S. Randich (Springer-Verlag Series, "ESO Astrophysics Symposia")
Alfvén wave mode conversion in pulsar magnetospheres
Creators: name: Yuan, Yajie
name: Levin, Yuri
name: Bransgrove, Ashley
name: Philippov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio emission anomaly coincident with the 2016 glitch of the Vela pulsar may be caused by a star quake that launches Alfvén waves into the magnetosphere, disturbing the original radio emitting region. To quantify the lifetime of the Alfvén waves, we investigate a possible energy loss mechanism, the conversion of Alfvénwaves into fast magnetosonic waves. Using axisymmetric force-free simulations, we follow the propagation of Alfvén waves launched from the stellar surface with small amplitude into the closed zone of a force-free dipolar pulsar magnetosphere. We observe mode conversion happening in the ideal force-free regime. The conversion efficiency during the first passage of the Alfvén wave through the equator can be large, for waves that reach large amplitudes as they travel away from the star, or propagate on the field lines passing close to the Y-point. However, the conversion efficiency is reduced due to dephasing on subsequent passages and considerable Alfvén power on the closed field lines remains. Thus while some leakage into the fast mode happens, we need detailed understanding of the original quenching in order to say whether mode conversion alone can lead to reactivation of the pulsar on a short timescale.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Curie temperature and quantum phase transitions in the Hubbard model with binary alloy disorder
Creators: name: Byczuk, Krzysztof
name: Ulmke, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic and electric properties of the Hubbard model with binary alloy disorder are studied within the dynamical mean--field theory. A paramagnet--ferromagnet phase transition and a Mott--Hubbard metal--insulator transition are observed upon varying the alloy concentration. A disorder induced enhancement of the Curie temperature is demonstrated and explained by the effects of band splitting and subband filling. Different quantum phase transitions driven by changes of the alloy concentration are identified.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Mass Media and Public Policy: Global Evidence from Agricultural Policies
Creators: name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Mass Media
subject: Media Structure
subject: Information
subject: Agricultural Protection
subject: Political Economy

description: Mass media plays a crucial role in information distribution and thus in the political market and public policy making. Theory predicts that information provided by mass media reflects the media’s incentives to provide news to different types of groups in society, and affects these groups’ influence in policy-making. We use data on agricultural policy from 67 countries, spanning a wide range of development stages and media markets, to test these predictions. We find that, in line with theoretical hypotheses, public support to agriculture is strongly affected by the mass media. In particular, an increase in the share of informed voters, and a greater role of the private televisions in society is associated with policies which benefit the majority more: it reduces taxation of agriculture in poor countries and reduces subsidization of agriculture in rich countries, ceteris paribus. The evidence is also consistent with the hypothesis that increased competition in commercial media reduces transfers to special interest groups and contributes to more efficient public policies.
Energy Input Use and CO2 Emissions in the Major Wheat Growing Regions of India
Creators: name: Manaloor, Varghese
name: Sen, Chandra
name: Manaloor, Varghese
name: Sen, Chandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy
Production Economics

description: Energy Input Use and CO2 Emissions in the Major Wheat Growing Regions of India ABSTRACT The structural and technological changes that have taken place over the past several decades have resulted in an increased use of direct and indirect energy inputs in Indian agriculture. In particular, the substitution of capital for labour has increased the reliance of agriculture on non-renewable energy use. Increased wheat production in India has been achieved through the expanded use of increasingly sophisticated inputs, such as farm machinery, fertilizers, herbicides, and irrigation. All these involve the use of commercial energy. The use of fossil fuel in the agriculture industry contributes to the overall Greenhouse emissions. This study estimates the impact on CO2 emissions from two policy options: (i) the increase in price of direct energy inputs, and (ii) the increase in price of indirect energy inputs. These impacts, in the short run, largely depend upon the elasticities of substitution between energy and other farm inputs, which, in turn, are determined by the current production technology. The results indicate that substantial reductions in CO2 emissions cannot be achieved. The increase in fertilizer prices has a larger overall emission reduction than increase in the price of direct energy inputs. The non price measures like Resource Conservation Technologies and direct restrictions on input use could be the effective options.
Singularity-enhanced terahertz detection in high-mobility field-effect transistors
Creators: name: Khavronin, Michail
name: Petrov, Aleksandr S.
name: Kazantsev, Aleksandr E.
name: Nikulin, Egor I.
name: Bandurin, Denis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detectors of high-frequency radiation based on high-electron-mobility transistors benefit from low noise, room-temperature operation, and the possibility to perform radiation spectroscopy using gate-tunable plasmon resonance. Despite successful proof-of-concept demonstrations, the responsivity of transistor-based detectors of THz radiation, at present, remains fairly poor. To resolve this problem, we propose a class of devices supporting singular plasmon modes, i.e. modes with strong electric fields near keen electrodes. A large plasmon-enhanced electric field results in amplified non-linearities, and thus efficient ac-to-dc conversion. We analyze sub-terahertz detectors based on a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) in the Corbino geometry as a prototypical and exactly solvable model and show that the responsivity scales as $1/r_0^{2}$ with the radius of the inner contact $r_0$. This enables responsivities exceeding 10 kV/W at sub-THz frequencies for nanometer-scale contacts readily accessible by modern nanofabrication techniques.
description: 6 paged, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Space use and relative habitat selection for immature green turtles within a Caribbean marine protected area
Creators: name: Griffin, Lucas P.
name: Smith, Brian J.
name: Cherkiss, Michael S.
name: Crowder, Andrew G.
name: Pollock, Clayton G.
name: Zandy Hillis-Starr
name: Danylchuk, Andy J.
name: Hart, Kristen M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures and tables.
Prompt Beta Spectroscopy as a Diagnostic for Mix in Ignited NIF Capsules
Creators: name: Hayes, A. C.
name: Jungman, G.
name: Solem, J. C.
name: Bradley, P. A.
name: Rundberg, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The National Ignition Facility (NIF) technology is designed to drive deuterium-tritium (DT) internal confinement fusion (ICF) targets to ignition using indirect radiation from laser beam energy captured in a hohlraum. Hydrodynamical instabilities at interfaces in the ICF capsule leading to mix between the DT fue l and the ablator shell material are of fundamental physical interest and can affect the performance characteristics of the capsule. In this Letter we describe new radiochemical diagnostics for mix processes in ICF capsules with plastic or Be (0.9%Cu) ablator shells. Reactions of high-energy tritons with shell material produce high-energy $β$-emitters. We show that mix between the DT fuel and the shell material enhances high-energy prompt beta emission from these reactions by more than an order of magnitude over that expected in the absence of mix.
Additional file 6 of Museomics of tree squirrels: a dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul
Creators: name: Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler De
name: Pavan, Silvia E.
name: Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.
name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Percequillo, Alexandre R.
name: Maldonado, Jesús E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6. List of specimens successfully sequenced and analyzed in this study, with geographic information and GenBank accession numbers for complete mitochondrial genomes. Voucher numbers in bold refer to specimens from which we have used dried tissue (instead of ethanol-preserved tissue). Taxonomic identifications follow the new arrangement proposed here (see text for detailed explanation). The column “Group” refers to the major groups recognized within Sciurini, as recovered by our analyses (see Figs. 3 and 4). See Catalog data of voucher material (Additional file 5) for explanations of voucher acronyms.
Fluorite-related iridate Pr$_3$IrO$_7$: Crystal growth, structure, magnetism, thermodynamic, and optical properties
Creators: name: Kumar, Harish
name: Köpf, M.
name: Ullrich, A.
name: Klinger, M.
name: Jesche, A.
name: Kuntscher, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit coupling in heavy 5$d$ metal oxides, in particular, iridates have received tremendous interest in recent years due to the realization of exotic electronic and magnetic phases. Here, we report the synthesis, structural, magnetic, thermodynamic, and optical properties of the ternary iridate Pr$_3$IrO$_7$. Single crystals of Pr$_3$IrO$_7$ have been grown by the KF flux method. Structural analysis shows that Pr$_3$IrO$_7$ crystallizes in an orthorhombic phase with $Cmcm$ symmetry. The electron energy loss spectroscopy study indicates that Pr is in a 3+ valence state, which implies a 5+ oxidation state of Ir. Magnetization data measured at high and low magnetic fields do not exhibit any bifurcation between $M_{ZFC}$ and $M_{FC}$, however, a weak hump in $M(T)$ is observed at $T^*$$\sim$10.4~K. The specific heat data reveal two maxima at $\sim$253 K and $\sim$4.8 K. The optical conductivity $σ_1(ω)$ spectrum shows 24 infrared-active phonon modes and reveals an insulating behavior with an optical gap $Δ_{OP}$ of size $\sim$500~meV. During cooling down, the temperature-dependent reflectivity spectrum reveals eight extra phonon modes below the structural phase transition ($\sim$ 253 K). An anomaly is observed at around $T^*$ in the temperature evolution of infrared-active mode frequencies suggesting the presence of significant spin-phonon coupling in the system.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, to appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Rigorous derivation of nonlinear Dirac equations for wave propagation in honeycomb structures
Creators: name: J Arbunich
name: C Sparber
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: © 2018 Author(s). We consider a nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two spatial dimensions subject to a periodic honeycomb lattice potential. Using a multi-scale expansion together with rigorous error estimates, we derive an effective model of nonlinear Dirac type. The latter describes the propagation of slowly modulated, weakly nonlinear waves spectrally localized near a Dirac point.
The Impact of Rising Food Prices on the Poor
Creators: name: Zezza, Alberto
name: Davis, Benjamin
name: Azzarri, Carlo
name: Covarrubias, Katia
name: Tasciotti, Luca
name: Anriquez, Gustavo
name: Zezza, Alberto
name: Davis, Benjamin
name: Azzarri, Carlo
name: Covarrubias, Katia
name: Tasciotti, Luca
name: Anriquez, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food prices
subject: poverty
subject: welfare

description: This paper analyzes the household level impact of an increase in price of major tradable staple foods in a cross section of developing countries, using nationally representative household surveys. We find that, in the short term, poorer households and households with limited asset endowments and access to agricultural inputs will be hit the hardest by the price shock. Given the ample degree of heterogeneity among households and among the poor, the analysis emphasizes the importance of meaningful policy research to go beyond average impacts to look at how access to assets and inputs, livelihood strategies and other key household characteristics drive the magnitude and distribution of the effects of the price increases.
From histology to macroscale function in the human amygdala
Creators: name: Auer, Hans
name: Cabalo, Donna Gift
name: Rodriguez-Cruces, Raul
name: Benkarim, Oualid
name: Paquola, Casey
name: DeKraker, Jordan
name: Wang, Yezhou
name: Valk, Sofie
name: Bernhardt, Boris C.
name: Royer, Jessica
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: doi:10.1101/2024.07.09.602743
description: The amygdala is a subcortical region in the mesiotemporal lobe that plays a key role in emotional and sensory functions. Conventional neuroimaging experiments treat this structure as a single, uniform entity, but there is ample histological evidence for subregional heterogeneity in microstructure and function. The current study characterized subregional structure-function coupling in the human amygdala, integrating post mortem histology and in vivo MRI at ultrahigh fields. Core to our work was a novel neuroinformatics approach that leveraged multiscale texture analysis as well as non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques to identify salient dimensions of microstructural variation in a 3D post mortem histological reconstruction of the human amygdala. We observed two axes of subregional variation in this region, describing inferior-superior as well as medio-lateral trends in microstructural differentiation that in part recapitulated established atlases of amygdala subnuclei. Translating our approach to in vivo MRI data acquired at 7 Tesla, we could demonstrate generalizability of these spatial trends across 10 healthy adults. We then cross-referenced microstructural axes with functional blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal analysis obtained during task-free conditions, and revealed a close association of structural axes with macroscale functional network embedding, notably the temporo-limbic, default mode, and sensory-motor networks. Our novel multiscale approach consolidates descriptions of amygdala anatomy and function obtained from histological and in vivo imaging techniques.
Additional file 5 of Museomics of tree squirrels: a dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul
Creators: name: Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler De
name: Pavan, Silvia E.
name: Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.
name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Percequillo, Alexandre R.
name: Maldonado, Jesús E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Catalog data of voucher material.
Exact results for one-dimensional disordered bosons with strong repulsion
Creators: name: De Martino, A.
name: Thorwart, M.
name: Egger, R.
name: Graham, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study one-dimensional incommensurate bosons with strong repulsive interactions and weak disorder. In analogy to the clean Tonks-Girardeau gas, a Bose-Fermi mapping expresses this problem in terms of disordered free fermions. Thereby many known results apply, in particular for the density-density correlations, the distribution function of the local density of states, and the complete spectral statistics. We also analyze the bosonic momentum distribution, and comment on the experimental observability of these predictions in ultracold atomic gases.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, published version
THE ROLE OF ASYMMETRIC PRICE TRANSMISSION AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COSTA RICAN MARKETS OF LIVESTOCK CATTLE, BEEF AND MILK
Creators: name: Hernandez-Villafuerte, Karla Vanessa
name: Hernandez-Villafuerte, Karla Vanessa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: asymmetric prices transmission
subject: structural breaks
subject: livestock
subject: beef
subject: milk
subject: Costa Rica.

description: The research analyzes the price transmission among the Costa Rican markets of cattle, beef and milk, accounting for asymmetric behavior and structural breaks. Monthly price data covering the first month of 1998 to the fourth month of 2008 were used. Price transmission between each market pair was found. The Price adjustment is consistent at 1% of significant with the behaviour expected. Cattle prices adjust in the milk - cattle relationship, beef meat prices adjust in the cattle - beef meat relation and in the milk - beef meat relation. This finding supports the statement regarding the leading position of “Dos Pinos” as the main player in the market. The results of the asymmetric analysis are not as expected. The coefficients of both adjustments (positive and negative) are not significantly different. The equations allowing for structural break affects the estimates: first after the break the elasticities became higher than 1, second there is more evidence of cointegration and third the adjustment coefficients are significant only when a change in the long run is allowed.
The optical properties of few-layer InSe
Creators: name: Song, Chaoyu
name: Huang, Shenyang
name: Wang, Chong
name: Luo, Jiaming
name: Yan, Hugen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Few-layer InSe draws tremendous research interests owing to the superior electronic and optical properties. It exhibits high carrier mobility up to more than 1000 cm2/Vs at room temperature. The strongly layer-tunable band gap spans a large spectral range from near-infrared to the visible. In this perspective, we systematically review the optical properties of few-layer InSe. Firstly, the intrinsic optical and electronic properties are introduced. Compared to other two-dimensional (2D) materials, the light-matter interaction of few-layer InSe is unusual. The band gap transition is inactive or extremely weak for in-plane polarized light, and the emission light is mainly polarized along the out-of-plane direction. Secondly, we will present several schemes to tune the optical properties of few-layer InSe such as external strain, surface chemical doping and van der Waals (vdW) interfacing. Thirdly, we survey the applications of few-layer InSe in photodetection and heterostructures. Overall, few-layer InSe exhibits great potential not only in fundamental research, but also in electronic and optoelectronic applications.
description: A review article, 42 pages, 12 figures
Coherent generation of EPR-entangled light pulses mediated by a single trapped atom
Creators: name: Morigi, Giovanna
name: Eschner, Jürgen
name: Mancini, Stefano
name: Vitali, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a single, trapped, laser-driven atom in a high-finesse optical cavity allows for the quantum-coherent generation of entangled light pulses on demand. Schemes for generating simultaneous and temporally separated pulse pairs are proposed. The mechanical effect of the laser excitation on the quantum motion of the cold trapped atom mediates the entangling interaction between two cavity modes and between the two subsequent pulses, respectively. The entanglement is of EPR-type, and its degree can be controlled through external parameters. At the end of the generation process the atom is decorrelated from the light field. Possible experimental implementations of the proposals are discussed.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
WHERE IS BASMATI RICE COMING FROM? A GLOBAL TRADE–RELATED OVERVIEW
Creators: name: Giraud, Georges
name: Pirzada, Syed Wajid H.
name: Giraud, Georges
name: Pirzada, Syed Wajid H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Basmati rice
subject: World trade
subject: Origin

description: Rice contributes on 20% towards human calorie intake of the world population and 30% of Asian population. Worldwide paddy rice crop was 668 million tonnes in 2008, while rice trade during the year was 30 million tonnes. Trade represents 7% of overall rice cropping. Basmati rice export counts for high value and low volume. Although Basmati crop is primarily from two countries, specific data related to Basmati export are scarce. Basmati trade constituted 8.3% of rice world trade during 2008, with a record of 2.45 million tonnes. Recent volatility of prices affects rice trade market, but less Basmati price that is still the highest on world rice market. This paper depicts the present situation of Basmati trade and its business prospects as a tradable commodity by analysing recent data. Basmati is now a trade-oriented commodity and its price premium attracts number of stakeholders, even when they are far from the original area of cropping. Hence a clarification of areas sown and seeds lines variety might enhance authenticity of Basmati and would allow to improve reliability of Basmati supply chain actors as well. This will act in favour of a more sustainable market for Basmati as a Geographical Indication.
Fast Molecular Compression by a Hyperthermal Collision Gives Bond-Selective Mechanochemistry
Creators: name: Krumbein, Lukas
name: Anggara, Kelvin
name: Stella, Martina
name: Michnowicz, Tomasz
name: Ochner, Hannah
name: Abb, Sabine
name: Rinke, Gordon
name: Portz, André
name: Dürr, Michael
name: Schlickum, Uta
name: Baldwin, Andrew
name: Floris, Andrea
name: Kern, Klaus
name: Rauschenbach, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using electrospray ion beam deposition, we collide the complex molecule Reichardt's Dye (C41H30NO+) at low, hyperthermal translational energy (2-50 eV) with a Cu(100) surface and image the outcome at single-molecule level by scanning tunneling microscopy. We observe bond-selective reaction induced by the translational kinetic energy. The collision impulse compresses the molecule and bends specific bonds, prompting them to react selectively. This dynamics drives the system to seek thermally inaccessible reactive pathways, since the compression timescale (sub-ps) is much shorter than the thermalization timescale (ns), thereby yielding reaction products that are unobtainable thermally.
How Important are Peer Effects in Group Lending? Estimating a Static Game of Incomplete Information
Creators: name: Li, Shanjun
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
name: Li, Shanjun
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Deininger, Klaus W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Microfinance
subject: repayment
subject: strategic default

description: We quantify the importance of peer effects in group lending by estimating a static game of incomplete information. In our model, group members make their repayment decisions simultaneously based on their household and loan characteristics as well as their expectations on other members' repayment decisions. Exploiting a rich data set of a microfinance program in India, our estimation results suggest that the probability of a member making a full repayment would be 15 percentage points higher if all the other fellow members make full repayment compared to the case where none of the other members repay in full. We also find that large inconsistencies exist in the estimated effects of other variables in models that do not incorporate peer effects and control for unobserved heterogeneity.
On food quality in domestic markets of developing economies
Creators: name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Minten, Bart
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vandeplas, Anneleen
name: Minten, Bart
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: food quality
subject: quality premia
subject: development

description: Food quality has become an important determinant of success in global food trade and growers for international markets have to continuously adjust to buyers’ requirements. It is however not clear to what extent there is a demand for food quality - and how much buyers are willing to pay for it - in the domestic food markets of developing economies. Based on unique price and trader data from domestic food markets in a poor country in Africa (Madagascar) and an emerging economy in Asia (India), we compare quality and quality’s pricing. We find significantly better quality and higher quality premia (using revealed as well as stated preference methods) in the richer country, probably leading to an impetus for the development of modern market channels in this economy.
Spin-Orbit Coupling and Symmetry of the Order Parameter in Strontium Ruthenate
Creators: name: Annett, James F.
name: Litak, G.
name: Gyorffy, B. L.
name: Wysokinski, K. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Determination of the orbital symmetry of a state in spin triplet Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ superconductor is a challenge of considerable importance. Most of the experiments show that the chiral state of the $\hat{z} (k_x \pm ik_y)$ type is realized and remains stable on lowering the temperature. Here we have studied the stability of various superconducting states of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Numerically we found that the chiral state is never the minimum energy. Alone among the five states studied it has $=0$ and is therefore not affected to linear order in the coupling parameter $λ$. We found that stability of the chiral state requires spin dependent pairing interactions. This imposes strong constraint on the pairing mechanism.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 7 of Museomics of tree squirrels: a dense taxon sampling of mitogenomes reveals hidden diversity, phenotypic convergence, and the need of a taxonomic overhaul
Creators: name: Abreu-Jr, Edson Fiedler De
name: Pavan, Silvia E.
name: Tsuchiya, Mirian T. N.
name: Wilson, Don E.
name: Percequillo, Alexandre R.
name: Maldonado, Jesús E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7. State coding used on ancestral state reconstruction analyses. Number of upper premolars were coded as one (1) or two (2), and number of pairs of mammae were coded as three (3), four (4), or five (5). Taxonomic identifications follow the new arrangement proposed here (see text for detailed explanation).
Exploring One-Cell Inversion Method for Transient Transport on GPUs
Creators: name: Morgan, Joanna Piper
name: Variansyah, Ilham
name: Palmer, Todd
name: Niemeyer, Kyle
Publisher: name: Center for Exascale Monte Carlo Neutron Transport (CEMeNT)
Year: 2024

description: Presentation on the one cell inverstion method as an itterative scheme for neturon transport.

Presentation given to the High Performance Computing track at the The International Conference on Mathematics and Computational Methods Applied to Nuclear Science & Engineering in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada on Wednesday, August 16th, 2023

See full paper on arxiv

 

This work was supported by the Center for Exascale Monte-Carlo Neutron Transport (CEMeNT) a PSAAP-III project funded by the Department of Energy, grant number: DE-NA003967.
Optimal crop protection against climate risk in a dynamic cost-loss decision-making model
Creators: name: Quiroga, Sonia
name: Cerda, Emilio
name: Quiroga, Sonia
name: Cerda, Emilio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: information value
subject: cost-loss ratio
subject: dynamic decision models

description: Extreme meteorological events have increased over the last decade and it is widely accepted that it is due to climate change. Some of these extremes like drought or frost episodes largely affect agricultural outputs that could face a serious decline. Therefore, additional efforts on technology and adaptation become crucial to reduce the effect of climate change on agricultural production. Protection against adverse weather extremes is a significant component of risk management and large protection decisions need dynamic treatment, such as the vineyards or citrus protection against frost (Murphy et al., 1985), the water management for cereals irrigation in drought shortage contexts, the “options and futures” exchange markets decisions for major crops in USA, and many other risk management problems. The goal of this paper is to obtain the analytical expressions for the optimal actions and minimal expected expenses associated with a dynamic cost-loss model with finite horizon. The optimal policy expressions for this type of situations can help in the management of climate risk in agriculture in a more general approach than numerical solutions.
EXPERIENCES ON ORGANISATION OF FRUIT AND VEGETABLE SECTOR IN HUNGARY
Creators: name: Felfoldi, Janos
name: Felfoldi, Janos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: producer organisation (PO)
subject: fruit and vegetable
subject: management

description: The objectives are (1) to reveal some current issues on organisations founded by fruit and vegetable producers and (2) to stress upon those factors that should be highlighted in the very next future. In Hungary, POs have been accounting for bigger share of fruit and vegetable trading in Hungary, which refers to a better organisation in the sector. Bargaining force and level of experience on running such businesses, although, are still much behind the level expected. Flexibility and speed of a running business are highly determined by the legal form of Pos. The most favourite form is cooperative that is not flexible enough as a business form, especially for starting businesses. Low yearly turnover and weak market power feature the POs, preferring short time solutions to strategic thinking. It is macro environmental factors that generate short term thinking, but coupled with mismanagement on different levels of corporate management.
Classification of Primary Constraints of Quadratic Non-Metricity Theories of Gravity
Creators: name: D'Ambrosio, Fabio
name: Heisenberg, Lavinia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the ADM decomposition of a five-parameter family of quadratic non-metricity theories and study their conjugate momenta. After systematically identifying all possible conditions which can be imposed on the parameters such that different sets of primary constraints arise, we find that the five-parametric theory space can be compartmentalized into nine different sectors, based on the presence or absence of primary constraints. This classification allows to dismiss certain classes of theories as unphysical and invites further investigations into the remaining sectors, which may contain phenomenologically interesting modifications of General Relativity.
description: 8 pages, 3 tables, 1 figure
CONSUMPTION HABITS OF "FREE RANGE CHICKEN" IN HUNGARY
Creators: name: Tikasz, Ildiko Edit
name: Szucs, Istvan
name: Stundl, Laszlo
name: Tikasz, Ildiko Edit
name: Szucs, Istvan
name: Stundl, Laszlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: poultry consumption
subject: health-conscious nutrition
subject: food pyramid
subject: “Free-range chicken” questionnaire survey
subject: consumer attitudes

description: Poultry is highly ranked in the World meat production and consumption (it accounted for 32% in 2007), and, in the past 20 years it was growing with an annual rate of 3–6%, higher than in case of any other meat-types. This tendency is also valid for Hungary: poultry has the largest share (29.8 kg/person/year, 47%) in the domestic meat consumption since 2000, which is among the EU top (KSH, 2007). As the result of the animal health and nutrition scandals, the EU animal welfare and quality requirements and the advancements in health consciousness the Master-Good group launched the production, processing and trade of free-range poultry under the brand "Free-range chicken". The new products had good consumer responses, because at present 1.5% of the processed chicken in Hungary (25 tons/week) is under this brand. As it regards the future of this product, we can expect the decrease of the current 1.5 times higher production price over broiler chicken, due to the increasing energy, labour and other cost items, thus the increase of the domestic consumption by 25–30% per annum can be foreseen. Besides the growth in domestic demand, increasing foreign consumer demand can also be expected because of the space requirement of the production. Summarising the above mentioned: "Free-range chicken" can be one of the most successful products of the Hungarian poultry industry. In order to realise the prognosis mentioned above, it is inevitable to learn the consumer attitudes towards the brand. A primary market research programme supported by the Master Good group has been launched to study the main features of the domestic chicken meat consumption – including the "Free-range chicken" as highlighted brand. The primary aim of the research was the complete assessment and evaluation of the Hungarian chicken consumption habits and the identification of the possible take-off points. The research undertaken resulted basic information concerning the internal structure of the Hungarian poultry consumption (including that of the "Free-range chicken"), the potential consumer groups and their requirements, provided information on the consumers’ knowledge of the products and identified the elements of the consumers’ judgements. This will serve as basis for a marketing communication programme to increase the domestic "Free-range chicken" consumption.
Additional file 1 of A survey of the working status of family medicine physicians in clinics and hospitals in Korea
Creators: name: Shin, Hyun-Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. The reasons that the chosen medical field is not covered by national insurance.