cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FlowSeq: Non-Autoregressive Conditional Sequence Generation with Generative Flow
Creators: name: Ma, Xuezhe
name: Zhou, Chunting
name: Li, Xian
name: Neubig, Graham
name: Hovy, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models are autoregressive; they generate each token by conditioning on previously generated tokens. In contrast, non-autoregressive seq2seq models generate all tokens in one pass, which leads to increased efficiency through parallel processing on hardware such as GPUs. However, directly modeling the joint distribution of all tokens simultaneously is challenging, and even with increasingly complex model structures accuracy lags significantly behind autoregressive models. In this paper, we propose a simple, efficient, and effective model for non-autoregressive sequence generation using latent variable models. Specifically, we turn to generative flow, an elegant technique to model complex distributions using neural networks, and design several layers of flow tailored for modeling the conditional density of sequential latent variables. We evaluate this model on three neural machine translation (NMT) benchmark datasets, achieving comparable performance with state-of-the-art non-autoregressive NMT models and almost constant decoding time w.r.t the sequence length.
description: Accepted by EMNLP 2019 (Long Paper)
An economic analysis of the demand for low grade and processing beef, with special reference to imported frozen boneless beef
Creators: name: Colman, David Robert
name: Colman, David Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agricultural Economics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois, i965
Development of Encapsulated Palm Oil Fractions for Controlled Release Rejuvenation of Bitumen
Creators: name: GOOI, SHARON AI PING
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400512
subject: Transport engineering
classificationCode: 400599
subject: Civil engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Encapsulated rejuvenation with sunflower oil has been widely studied as a method to enhance the self-healing ability of bitumen. However, palm oil fractions, which are abundant in Malaysia, have yet to be investigated in-depth as rejuvenators. Hence, this study evaluates palm cooking oil, palm mid fraction, and palm stearin for their rejuvenating ability in bitumen. Calcium alginate, a popular encapsulation material, possesses sufficient compressive strength to resist traffic loading. However, its sponge-like behavior can result in premature rejuvenator release under stress. Therefore, the layered encapsulation method will be assessed in this work as a possible solution to control rejuvenator release.
Non-Fermi liquid behavior and scaling of low frequency suppression in optical conductivity spectra of CaRuO$_3$
Creators: name: Lee, Y. S.
name: Yu, Jaejun
name: Lee, J. S.
name: Noh, T. W.
name: Gimm, T. -H.
name: Choi, Han-Yong
name: Eom, C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical conductivity spectra $σ_1(ω)$ of paramagnetic CaRuO$_3$ are investigated at various temperatures. At T=10 K, it shows a non-Fermi liquid behavior of $σ_1(ω)\sim 1/ω^{\frac 12}$, similar to the case of a ferromagnet SrRuO$_3$. As the temperature ($T$) is increased, on the other hand, $σ_1(ω)$ in the low frequency region is progressively suppressed, deviating from the $1/ω^{\frac 12%}$-dependence. Interestingly, the suppression of $σ_1(ω)$ is found to scale with $ω/T$ at all temperatures. The origin of the $% ω/T$ scaling behavior coupled with the non-Fermi liquid behavior is discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
MOESM2 of Rapid adaptation of signaling networks in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
Creators: name: Bohnert, Stefan
name: Antelo, Luis
name: GrĂźnewald, Christiane
name: Yemelin, Alexander
name: Andresen, Karsten
name: Jacob, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Schematic presentation and verification of the MoWT, the lof-mutants and the adapted strains by southern hybridization within the Magnaporthe oryzae genome. Southern blot analysis of gene deletion/disruption mutants in M. oryzae with gene specific probes. Genomic DNA of M. oryzae strain 70â 15 and the mutants was isolated and restricted with restriction enzymes. The probes which we used for hybridization with the genomic DNA of the wildtype strain and the corresponding mutant strains were always identical.
Cosmological Constraints from a Combined Analysis of the Cluster Mass Function and Microwave Background Anisotropies
Creators: name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Bode, Paul
name: Bahcall, Neta A.
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present constraints on several cosmological parameters from a combined analysis of the most recent Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropy data and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey cluster mass function. We find that the combination of the two data sets breaks several degeneracies among the parameters and provides the following constraints: $σ_8=0.76\pm0.09$, $Ω_m=0.26^{+0.06}_{-0.07}$, $h=0.66^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$, $n=0.96 \pm 0.05$, $τ_c=0.07^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Maximum Probability Theorem: A Framework for Probabilistic Learning
Creators: name: Marvasti, Amir Emad
name: Marvasti, Ehsan Emad
name: Bagci, Ulas
name: Foroosh, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a theoretical framework of probabilistic learning derived by Maximum Probability (MP) Theorem shown in the current paper. In this probabilistic framework, a model is defined as an event in the probability space, and a model or the associated event -- either the true underlying model or the parameterized model -- have a quantified probability measure. This quantification of a model's probability measure is derived by the MP Theorem, in which we have shown that an event's probability measure has an upper-bound given its conditional distribution on an arbitrary random variable. Through this alternative framework, the notion of model parameters is encompassed in the definition of the model or the associated event. Therefore, this framework deviates from the conventional approach of assuming a prior on the model parameters. Instead, the regularizing effects of assuming prior over parameters is seen through maximizing probabilities of models or according to information theory, minimizing the information content of a model. The probability of a model in our framework is invariant to reparameterization and is solely dependent on the model's likelihood function. Also, rather than maximizing the posterior in a conventional Bayesian setting, the objective function in our alternative framework is defined as the probability of set operations (e.g. intersection) on the event of the true underlying model and the event of the model at hand. Our theoretical framework, as a derivation of MP theorem, adds clarity to probabilistic learning through solidifying the definition of probabilistic models, quantifying their probabilities, and providing a visual understanding of objective functions.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence
MOESM3 of Rapid adaptation of signaling networks in the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae
Creators: name: Bohnert, Stefan
name: Antelo, Luis
name: GrĂźnewald, Christiane
name: Yemelin, Alexander
name: Andresen, Karsten
name: Jacob, Stefan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Figure S2. Investigation of the â adaptation-frequencyâ in Magnaporthe oryzae mutants with inactivated components of the HOG signaling cascade.
Daedalma inconspicua subsp. petitia Pyrcz 2011, n. ssp.
Creators: name: Pyrcz, Tomasz W.
name: Greeney, Harold F.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
name: Wojtusiak, Janusz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Daedalma
Daedalma inconspicua
Daedalma inconspicua petitia pyrcz

description: Daedalma inconspicua petitia Pyrcz, n. ssp.
(Figs. 6H, 12E)
 Material examined: ECUADOR: HOLOTYPE male: Loja, Cord. de Lagunillas, 3000 m, XI.2000, I. Aldaz leg., red, rectangular label saying: Holotype, MZUJ; PARATYPES (3 males): 1 male: Loja, Cord. de Lagunillas, 3000 m, XI.2000, I. Aldaz leg., MBLI; PERU: 1 male: Cajamarca, Santuario Natural Tabaconas-Namballe, Lagunas Arrebiatadas, S 05º14´05" W 79º17´18", 3122 m, 03.X.2009 E. Huamani leg., MHN-SA; 1 male: Cajamarca, Sanctuario Nacional Tabaconas-Namballe, Sector Miraflores, S 05º10´02" W 79º12´06", 2983 m, 19.X.2009 E. Huamani leg., MHN-SA.
 Description: MALE (Figs. 6H): Head, thorax and abdomen: not differing from nominate subspecies. Wings: FW length: 25–26 mm, n=4, mean: 25.8 mm, n=2. FWD postdiscal band dark orange with a brown suffusion along a diffused distal edge, compared to milky white in palacio with a sharp distal edge. HWD with a faint, irregular postdiscal dark orange line, milky white in nominate. FWV postdiscal band light orange, milky white in nominate, otherwise similar. HWV not differing noticeably from other subspecies. Genitalia (Fig: 12E): Uncus slightly longer than in tapichalaca, similar in length and shape to palacio; gnathos approximately half length of uncus, thinner than in palacio but longer than in tapichalaca; saccus slightly longer than in other subspecies (however, length of saccus is generally subject to noticeable individual variation); valvae elongated, narrowing gradually towards apex, most similar to onorei, apical hook prominent; aedeagus not differing from other subspecies.
FEMALE: Unknown.
 Etymology: This subspecies is dedicated to Jean-Claude Petit, a French lepidopterist, in recognition of his efforts in studying the butterflies of Sangay National Park in Ecuador.
 Remarks: Daedalma inconspicua petitia is so far known exclusively from the type locality, the Lagunillas massif, on the Ecuador-Peru border. It is replaced in the Nudo de Sabanillas portion of Podocarpus National Park by ssp. tapichalaca. Two individuals were collected while hilltopping on higher bushes at the edge of páramo (I. Aldaz, pers. comm.). Among other species of Pronophilina occurring in the same habitat are Pedaliodes arturi Pyrcz & Viloria, Lasiophila palades limes Pyrcz, Lymanopoda hazelana summa Pyrcz, Willmott & Hall, and Steremnia umbracina misella Thieme.
description: Published as part of Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Greeney, Harold F., Willmott, Keith R. & Wojtusiak, Janusz, 2011, 2898, pp. 1-68 in Zootaxa 2898 on pages 38-39
LOFAR early-time search for coherent radio emission from GRB 180706A
Creators: name: Rowlinson, A.
name: Gourdji, K.
name: van der Meulen, K.
name: Meyers, Z. S.
name: Shimwell, T. W.
name: ter Veen, S.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Kuiack, M. J.
name: Shulevski, A.
name: Broderick, J. W.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
name: Tasse, C.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Mechev, A. P.
name: Williams, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the central engines of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and the composition of their relativistic jets are still under debate. If the jets are Poynting flux dominated rather than baryon dominated, a coherent radio flare from magnetic re-connection events might be expected with the prompt gamma-ray emission. There are two competing models for the central engines of GRBs; a black hole or a newly formed milli-second magnetar. If the central engine is a magnetar it is predicted to produce coherent radio emission as persistent or flaring activity. In this paper, we present the deepest limits to date for this emission following LOFAR rapid response observations of GRB 180706A. No emission is detected to a 3$σ$ limit of 1.7 mJy beam$^{-1}$ at 144 MHz in a two-hour LOFAR observation starting 4.5 minutes after the gamma-ray trigger. A forced source extraction at the position of GRB 180706A provides a marginally positive (1 sigma) peak flux density of $1.1 \pm 0.9$ mJy. The data were time-sliced into different sets of snapshot durations to search for FRB like emission. No short duration emission was detected at the location of the GRB. We compare these results to theoretical models and discuss the implications of a non-detection.
description: MNRAS accepted, 11 pages, 5 figures
Admission Levels of Interleukin 10 and Amyloid β 1–40 Improve the Outcome Prediction Performance of the Helsinki Computed Tomography Score in Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: Posti, Jussi P.
name: Takala, Riikka S. K.
name: Raj, Rahul
name: Luoto, Teemu M.
name: Azurmendi, Leire
name: Lagerstedt, Linnéa
name: Mohammadian, Mehrbod
name: Hossain, Iftakher
name: Gill, Jessica
name: Frantzén, Janek
name: Van Gils, Mark
name: Hutchinson, Peter J.
name: Katila, Ari J.
name: Koivikko, Pia
name: Maanpää, Henna-Riikka
name: Menon, David K.
name: Newcombe, Virginia F.
name: Tallus, Jussi
name: Blennow, Kaj
name: Tenovuo, Olli
name: Zetterberg, Henrik
name: Sanchez, Jean-Charles
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology
traumatic brain injury
biomarkers
outcome prediction
Helsinki CT score
interleukin 10 (IL10)
beta amyloid 1–40
panel analysis

description: Background: Blood biomarkers may enhance outcome prediction performance of head computed tomography scores in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Objective: To investigate whether admission levels of eight different protein biomarkers can improve the outcome prediction performance of the Helsinki computed tomography score (HCTS) without clinical covariates in TBI. Materials and methods: Eighty-two patients with computed tomography positive TBIs were included in this study. Plasma levels of β-amyloid isoforms 1–40 (Aβ40) and 1–42 (Aβ42), glial fibrillary acidic protein, heart fatty acid-binding protein, interleukin 10 (IL-10), neurofilament light, S100 calcium-binding protein B, and total tau were measured within 24 h from admission. The patients were divided into favorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended 5–8, n = 49) and unfavorable (Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended 1–4, n = 33) groups. The outcome was assessed 6–12 months after injury. An optimal predictive panel was investigated with the sensitivity set at 90–100%. Results: The HCTS alone yielded a sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI: 90.9–100) and specificity of 22.4% (95% CI: 10.2–32.7) and partial area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1–4.7), in discriminating patients with favorable and unfavorable outcomes. The threshold to detect a patient with unfavorable outcome was an HCTS > 1. The three best individually performing biomarkers in outcome prediction were Aβ40, Aβ42, and neurofilament light. The optimal panel included IL-10, Aβ40, and the HCTS reaching a partial area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic of 3.4% (95% CI: 1.7–6.2) with a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI: 81.8–100) and specificity of 59.2% (95% CI: 40.8–69.4). Conclusion: Admission plasma levels of IL-10 and Aβ40 significantly improve the prognostication ability of the HCTS after TBI.
MPEC 2024-C139 : 2024 CC3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 CC3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF PRE-COLLEGE STEM EXPOSURE ON FIRST-YEAR ENGINEERING STUDENT SELF-EFFICACY
Creators: name: Dean Hughes, Micaha
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) outreach programs for high school students have become more widely available during the last decade in an effort to drive more graduates into the ever-growing STEM field in the United States. This study utilizes the Longitudinal Assessment of Engineering Self-Efficacy (LAESE) survey to investigate a possible relationship between specific pre-college STEM outreach programs and noncognitive predictors of success in first-year undergraduate engineering students. Students in their first semester of a first-year engineering program at a large, public research university completed the LAESE survey and were asked to identify their participation in one of three defined modes of pre-college (high school) STEM program exposure: 1) no pre-college STEM program exposure, 2) informal pre-college STEM program exposure, or 3) formal pre-college STEM program exposure. Results indicated that students with formal or no pre-college STEM program exposure had lower, negative values of engineering self-efficacy, career success expectations and feelings of inclusion in their undergraduate program. Students who had informal pre-college STEM program exposure had higher, positive values. These results support the need for noncognitive assessment for differentiated, targeted support of first-year engineering students, with or without pre-college STEM program exposure.
description: © 2021 Micaha Dean Hughes
title: Mounted Warfare Tradition in Frontier Texas, 1822-1865
Creators: name: Jennings, Nathan
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2021

description: This thesis demonstrates that Nathan A. Jennings has published a coherent and original body of research that meets the standards for the Ph.D. by published works at the University of Kent. Consisting of a peer-reviewed book and six peer-reviewed articles, the selected works explore how Anglo-Texans, as intervening settlers in a competitive military environment along the North American Great Plains during the early 19th century, adapted tactically and strategically as they developed a distinctive mounted warfare tradition over a forty year period. In order to enrich the analysis, the study incorporates aspects of regional influences, ethnic competition, environmental impacts, political and economic affairs, technological developments, disease and attrition factors, 19th century military theory, and concepts of masculinity and nationalism. Drawing on expansive primary and secondary source research, it employs way of war theory to integrate findings into a coherent narrative that explains the tensions and evolutions of the Texas military experience.
Error detection on quantum computers improves accuracy of chemical calculations
Creators: name: Urbanek, Miroslav
name: Nachman, Benjamin
name: de Jong, Wibe A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major milestone of quantum error correction is to achieve the fault-tolerance threshold beyond which quantum computers can be made arbitrarily accurate. This requires extraordinary resources and engineering efforts. We show that even without achieving full fault tolerance, quantum error detection is already useful on the current generation of quantum hardware. We demonstrate this experimentally by executing an end-to-end chemical calculation for the hydrogen molecule encoded in the [[4, 2, 2]] quantum error-detecting code. The encoded calculation with logical qubits significantly improves the accuracy of the molecular ground-state energy.
Napaeus Albers 1850
Creators: name: Yanes, Yurena
name: Santana, Jesús
name: Artiles, Miguel
name: Deniz, Francisco
name: Martín, Javier
name: Alonso, María R.
name: Ibáñez, Miguel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Enidae
Napaeus

description: Genus Napaeus Albers, 1850
 Type species by subsequent designation by Herrmannsen (1852): Bulimus baeticatus Webb & Berthelot, 1833.
description: Published as part of Yanes, Yurena, Santana, Jesús, Artiles, Miguel, Deniz, Francisco, Martín, Javier, Alonso, María R. & Ibáñez, Miguel, 2011, Five new Napaeus species (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Enidae) from Gran Canaria and El Hierro (Canary Islands), pp. 35-51 in Zootaxa 2901 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2901.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5284936
Towards Automated Website Classification by Deep Learning
Creators: name: De Fausti, Fabrizio
name: Pugliese, Francesco
name: Zardetto, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the interest in Big Data sources has been steadily growing within the Official Statistic community. The Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) is currently carrying out several Big Data pilot studies. One of these studies, the ICT Big Data pilot, aims at exploiting massive amounts of textual data automatically scraped from the websites of Italian enterprises in order to predict a set of target variables (e.g. e-commerce) that are routinely observed by the traditional ICT Survey. In this paper, we show that Deep Learning techniques can successfully address this problem. Essentially, we tackle a text classification task: an algorithm must learn to infer whether an Italian enterprise performs e-commerce from the textual content of its website. To reach this goal, we developed a sophisticated processing pipeline and evaluated its performance through extensive experiments. Our pipeline uses Convolutional Neural Networks and relies on Word Embeddings to encode raw texts into grayscale images (i.e. normalized numeric matrices). Web-scraped texts are huge and have very low signal to noise ratio: to overcome these issues, we adopted a framework known as False Positive Reduction, which has seldom (if ever) been applied before to text classification tasks. Several original contributions enable our processing pipeline to reach good classification results. Empirical evidence shows that our proposal outperforms all the alternative Machine Learning solutions already tested in Istat for the same task.
Timing of the Sense of Volition in Patients With Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Pirio Richardson, Sarah
name: Triggiani, Antonio I.
name: Matsuhashi, Masao
name: Voon, Valerie
name: Peckham, Elizabeth
name: Nahab, Fatta
name: Mari, Zoltan
name: Hallett, Mark
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
schizophrenia
agency
passivity phenomena
Bereitschaftspotential
Libet’s clock
readiness potential
BP

description: Schizophrenic patients often do not have the sense that they direct their own movements or author their own thoughts (passivity phenomena). As willing must precede movement to be causal and thus generate the sense of agency, it is possible that the timing between the senses of willing and movement is shortened in schizophrenia. We tested the subjective perception of this time interval in patients with schizophrenia using a method based on Libet’s paradigm, in which subjects specify a time W – the time of willing a movement – and a time M – the time that movement occurred. Patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers made voluntary movements at times of their own choice while looking at a fast-rotating clock on a computer screen and reported when their movements were willed and made. We recorded surface electromyography to determine the time of actual movement, and electroencephalography to record brain potentials associated with movement. Results showed a significantly reduced interval between the reported M and W in patients with respect to the healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). Specifically, patients did not report a significant difference in the timing of W at 19 ms prior to movement onset and M at 7.4 ms prior to movement onset (p > 0.05), while the control group experienced a time W at 100 ms prior to movement onset and this differed significantly from their time M at 19 ms prior to movement onset (p < 0.01). These results suggest that patients with schizophrenia do have an altered timing of awareness of action – or an impaired judgment of the sequence of events – and that this might be etiologic in the development of the abnormal sense of agency.
Reddening-Independent Quasar Selection from a Wide-Field Optical and Near-IR Imaging Survey
Creators: name: Sharp, R. G.
name: Sabbey, C. N.
name: Vivas, A. K.
name: Oemler, A.
name: McMahon, R. G.
name: Hodgkin, S. T.
name: Coppi, P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine deep, wide-field near-IR and optical imaging to demonstrate a reddening-independent quasar selection technique based on identifying outliers in the (g-z) / (z-H) colour diagram. In three fields covering a total of ~0.7 deg^2 to a depth of m_H~18, we identified 68 quasar candidates. Follow-up spectroscopy for 32 objects from this candidate list confirmed 22 quasars (0.86 65% success rate), a high surface density of candidates, and is relatively independent of reddening. We discuss the implications for star/galaxy separation for IR based surveys for quasars. We provide the coordinate list and follow-up spectroscopy for the sample of 22 confirmed quasars.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity energy expenditure in UK adults (The Fenland study)
Creators: name: Lindsay, Tim
name: Westgate, Kate
name: Wijndaele, Katrien
name: Hollidge, Stefanie
name: Kerrison, Nicola
name: Forouhi, Nita
name: Griffin, Simon
name: Wareham, Nick
name: Brage, Søren
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research
Physical activity, energy expenditure, sociodemographic, combined sensing

description: Funder: Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003343
description: Funder: St Catharine's College, University of Cambridge; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100008101
description: Abstract: Background: Physical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of a range of diseases including obesity and cardiometabolic disorders. Large population-based descriptive studies of PA, incorporating precise measurement, are needed to understand the relative burden of insufficient PA levels and to inform the tailoring of interventions. Combined heart and movement sensing enables the study of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and intensity distribution. We aimed to describe the sociodemographic correlates of PAEE and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in UK adults. Methods: The Fenland study is a population-based cohort study of 12,435 adults aged 29–64 years-old in Cambridgeshire, UK. Following individual calibration (treadmill), participants wore a combined heart rate and movement sensor continuously for 6 days in free-living, from which we derived PAEE (kJ•day− 1•kg− 1) and time in MVPA (> 3 & > 4 METs) in bouts greater than 1 min and 10 min. Socio-demographic information was self-reported. Stratum-specific summary statistics and multivariable analyses were performed. Results: Women accumulated a mean (sd) 50(20) kJ•day− 1•kg− 1 of PAEE, and 83(67) and 33(39) minutes•day− 1 of 1-min bouted and 10-min bouted MVPA respectively. By contrast, men recorded 59(23) kJ•day− 1•kg− 1, 124(84) and 60(58) minutes•day− 1. Age and BMI were also important correlates of PA. Association with age was inverse in both sexes, more strongly so for PAEE than MVPA. Obese individuals accumulated less PA than their normal-weight counterparts, whether considering PAEE or allometrically-scaled PAEE (− 10 kJ•day− 1•kg− 1 or − 15 kJ•day− 1•kg-2/3 in men). Higher income and manual work were associated with higher PA; manual workers recorded 13–16 kJ•kg− 1•day− 1 more PAEE than sedentary counterparts. Overall, 86% of women and 96% of men accumulated a daily average of MVPA (> 3 METs) corresponding to 150 min per week. These values were 49 and 74% if only considering bouts > 10 min (15 and 31% for > 4 METs). Conclusions: PA varied by age, sex and BMI, and was higher in manual workers and those with higher incomes. Light physical activity was the main driver of PAEE; a component of PA that is currently not quantified as a target in UK guidelines.
Chemical Abundances in a Turbulent Medium -- H$_2$, OH$^+$, H$_2$O$^+$, ArH$^+$
Creators: name: Bialy, Shmuel
name: Neufeld, David
name: Wolfire, Mark
name: Sternberg, Amiel
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersonic turbulence results in strong density fluctuations in the interstellar medium (ISM), which have a profound effect on the chemical structure. Particularly useful probes of the diffuse ISM are the ArH$^+$, OH$^+$, H$_2$O$^+$ molecular ions, which are highly sensitive to fluctuations in the density and the H$_2$ abundance. We use isothermal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of various sonic Mach numbers, $\mathcal{M}_s$, and density decorrelation scales, $y_{\rm dec}$, to model the turbulent density field. We post-process the simulations with chemical models and obtain the probability density functions (PDFs) for the H$_2$, ArH$^+$, OH$^+$ and H$_2$O$^+$ abundances. We find that the PDF dispersions increases with increasing $\mathcal{M}_s$ and $y_{\rm dec}$, as the magnitude of the density fluctuations increases, and as they become more coherent. Turbulence also affects the median abundances: when $\mathcal{M}_s$ and $y_{\rm dec}$ are high, low-density regions with low H$_2$ abundance become prevalent, resulting in an enhancement of ArH$^+$ compared to OH$^+$ and H$_2$O$^+$. We compare our models with Herschel observations. The large scatter in the observed abundances, as well as the high observed ArH$^+$/OH$^+$ and ArH$^+$/H$_2$O$^+$ ratios are naturally reproduced by our supersonic $(\mathcal{M}_s=4.5)$, large decorrelation scale $(y_{\rm dec}=0.8)$ model, supporting a scenario of a large-scale turbulence driving. The abundances also depend on the UV intensity, CR ionization rate, and the cloud column density, and the observed scatter may be influenced by fluctuations in these parameters.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Phase-locking of driven vortex lattices with transverse ac-force and periodic pinning
Creators: name: Reichhardt, Charles
name: Kolton, Alejandro B.
name: Dominguez, Daniel
name: Gronbech-Jensen, Niels
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a vortex lattice moving in a periodic array we show analytically and numerically that a new type of phase locking occurs in the presence of a longitudinal dc driving force and a transverse ac driving force. This phase locking is distinct from the Shapiro step phase locking found with longitudinal ac drives. We show that an increase in critical current and a fundamental phase locked step width scale with the square of the driving ac amplitude. Our results should carry over to other systems such as vortex motion in Josephson-junction arrays.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, submitted to PRB
Duality Between the Weak and Strong Interaction Limits for Randomly Interacting Fermions
Creators: name: Jacquod, Philippe
name: Varga, Imre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish the existence of a duality transformation for generic models of interacting fermions with two-body interactions. The eigenstates at weak and strong interaction U possess similar statistical properties when expressed in the U=0 and U=infinity eigenstates bases respectively. This implies the existence of a duality point U_d where the eigenstates have the same spreading in both bases. U_d is surrounded by an interval of finite width which is characterized by a non Lorentzian spreading of the strength function in both bases. Scaling arguments predict the survival of this intermediate regime as the number of particles is increased.
description: RevTex4, 4 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication at Phys. Rev. Lett
Covariance Matrix Estimation with Non Uniform and Data Dependent Missing Observations
Creators: name: Pavez, Eduardo
name: Ortega, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study covariance estimation with missing data. We consider missing data mechanisms that can be independent of the data, or have a time varying dependency. Additionally, observed variables may have arbitrary (non uniform) and dependent observation probabilities. For each mechanism, we construct an unbiased estimator and obtain bounds for the expected value of their estimation error in operator norm. Our bounds are equivalent, up to constant and logarithmic factors, to state of the art bounds for complete and uniform missing observations. Furthermore, for the more general non uniform and dependent cases, the proposed bounds are new or improve upon previous results. Our error estimates depend on quantities we call scaled effective rank, which generalize the effective rank to account for missing observations. All the estimators studied in this work have the same asymptotic convergence rate (up to logarithmic factors).
description: 16 pages, 4 figures. Accepted at IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
String Method for the Study of Rare Events
Creators: name: E, Weinan
name: Ren, Weiqing
name: Vanden-Eijnden, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new and efficient method for computing the transition pathways, free energy barriers, and transition rates in complex systems with relatively smooth energy landscapes. The method proceeds by evolving strings, i.e. smooth curves with intrinsic parametrization whose dynamics takes them to the most probable transition path between two metastable regions in the configuration space. Free energy barriers and transition rates can then be determined by standard umbrella sampling technique around the string. Applications to Lennard-Jones cluster rearrangement and thermally induced switching of a magnetic film are presented.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Autism and family involvement in the right to education in the EU: policy mapping in the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany
Creators: name: Van Kessel, Robin
name: Roman-Urrestarazu, Andres
name: Ruigrok, Amber
name: Holt, Rosemary
name: Commers, Matt
name: Hoekstra, Rosa A.
name: Czabanowska, Katarzyna
name: Brayne, Carol
name: Baron-Cohen, Simon
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Research

description: Abstract: Introduction: In recent years, the universal right to education has been emphasised by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In this paper, we mapped policies relevant to special education needs and parental involvement of children with autism at an international level and in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. Methods: A policy path analysis was performed using a scoping review as an underlying methodological framework. This allowed for a rapid gathering of available data from which a timeline of adopted policies was derived. Results and discussion: Internationally, the universal right to education has been reinforced repeatedly and the values of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have been reiterated with every reinforcement. Also, the additional support that a child with special education needs requires is acknowledged and measures are taken to facilitate access to any education for all children. There are slight cross-country differences between the countries under study, attributable to differences in national regulation of education. However, all countries have progressed to a state where the right to education for all children is integrated on a policy level and measures are taken to enable children with special needs to participate in education. Recently, an attempt to implement a form of inclusive education was made as a form of special needs provision. Nevertheless, nowhere has this been implemented successfully yet. Conclusion: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was a critical juncture in international policy and created an environment where the universal right to education has been implemented for all children in the countries under study.
Mild hyperlipidemia in mice aggravates platelet responsiveness in thrombus formation and exploration of platelet proteome and lipidome
Creators: name: Van Geffen, Johanna P.
name: Swieringa, Frauke
name: Van Kuijk, Kim
name: Tullemans, Bibian M. E.
name: Solari, Fiorella A.
name: Peng, Bing
name: Clemetson, Kenneth J.
name: Farndale, Richard W.
name: Dubois, Ludwig J.
name: Sickmann, Albert
name: Zahedi, René P.
name: Ahrends, Robert
name: Biessen, Erik A. L.
name: Sluimer, Judith C.
name: Heemskerk, Johan W. M.
name: Kuijpers, Marijke J. E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/443/592/75
/631/443/592/1339
article

description: Funder: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
description: Funder: Centre for Translational Molecular Medicine (CTMM), Innovative Coagulation Diagnostics
description: Funder: Cardiovascular Centre (HVC), Maastricht University Medical Centre
description: Abstract: Hyperlipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Millions of people worldwide display mildly elevated levels of plasma lipids and cholesterol linked to diet and life-style. While the prothrombotic risk of severe hyperlipidemia has been established, the effects of moderate hyperlipidemia are less clear. Here, we studied platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation in Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/− mice fed a normal chow diet, resulting in mildly increased plasma cholesterol. In blood from both knockout mice, collagen-dependent thrombus and fibrin formation under flow were enhanced. These effects did not increase in severe hyperlipidemic blood from aged mice and upon feeding a high-fat diet (Apoe−/− mice). Bone marrow from wild-type or Ldlr−/− mice was transplanted into irradiated Ldlr−/− recipients. Markedly, thrombus formation was enhanced in blood from chimeric mice, suggesting that the hyperlipidemic environment altered the wild-type platelets, rather than the genetic modification. The platelet proteome revealed high similarity between the three genotypes, without clear indication for a common protein-based gain-of-function. The platelet lipidome revealed an altered lipid profile in mildly hyperlipidemic mice. In conclusion, in Apoe−/− and Ldlr−/− mice, modest elevation in plasma and platelet cholesterol increased platelet responsiveness in thrombus formation and ensuing fibrin formation, resulting in a prothrombotic phenotype.
CP violation for four generations of quarks
Creators: name: Olivas, Ubaldo Cavazos
name: Wysozka, S. Rebeca Juárez
name: Kielanowski, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the generalization of the Jarlskog condition of CP conservation for the case of the Standard Model with 4~quark generations. We express this condition in terms of the 3 Jarlskog invariants of the CKM matrix. Next we present the test for the existence of the 4-th quark generation in terms of the Jarlskog invariants involving only known particles.
description: 7 pages
MOESM1 of Sekentei and objectively-measured physical activity among older Japanese people: a cross-sectional analysis from the NEIGE study
Creators: name: Murayama, Hiroshi
name: Amagasa, Shiho
name: Inoue, Shigeru
name: Fujiwara, Takeo
name: Yugo Shobugawa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The association between sekentei and physical activity, using Sekentei Scale scores grouped by quartile.
Notch signaling coordinates ommatidial rotation in the Drosophila eye via transcriptional regulation of the EGF-Receptor ligand Argos
Creators: name: Koca, Yildiz
name: Housden, Benjamin E.
name: Gault, William J.
name: Bray, Sarah J.
name: Mlodzik, Marek
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/80/86
/631/136/1660
/14/19
/64/24
/96/63
/96/95
/13/95
/13/89
/13/1
/14/34
/82/51
article

description: Abstract: In all metazoans, a small number of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways are reiteratively used during development to orchestrate critical patterning and morphogenetic processes. Among these, Notch (N) signaling is essential for most aspects of tissue patterning where it mediates the communication between adjacent cells to control cell fate specification. In Drosophila, Notch signaling is required for several features of eye development, including the R3/R4 cell fate choice and R7 specification. Here we show that hypomorphic alleles of Notch, belonging to the Nfacet class, reveal a novel phenotype: while photoreceptor specification in the mutant ommatidia is largely normal, defects are observed in ommatidial rotation (OR), a planar cell polarity (PCP)-mediated cell motility process. We demonstrate that during OR Notch signaling is specifically required in the R4 photoreceptor to upregulate the transcription of argos (aos), an inhibitory ligand to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), to fine-tune the activity of EGFR signaling. Consistently, the loss-of-function defects of Nfacet alleles and EGFR-signaling pathway mutants are largely indistinguishable. A Notch-regulated aos enhancer confers R4 specific expression arguing that aos is directly regulated by Notch signaling in this context via Su(H)-Mam-dependent transcription.
Non-singular string cosmology via $α^{\prime}$ corrections
Creators: name: Wang, Peng
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
name: Ying, Shuxuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In string theory, an important challenge is to show if the big-bang singularity could be resolved by the higher derivative $α'$ corrections. In this work, based on the Hohm-Zwiebach formula, we construct a series of non-singular non-perturbative cosmological solutions with the complete $α^{\prime}$ corrections, for the bosonic gravi-dilaton system. In the perturbative regime, these solutions exactly match the perturbative results given in literature. Our results show that the big-bang singularity indeed could be smoothed out by the higher derivative $α'$ corrections.
description: V2: 12 pages, 6 figures, references added, V3: typos corrected in equations (3.21) and (3.22), references added, version to appear in JHEP
Transforming Lives with Livestock-based Agribusiness
Creators: name: Waldron, Scott A.
name: Brown, Colin G.
name: Longworth, John W.
name: Waldron, Scott A.
name: Brown, Colin G.
name: Longworth, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agribusiness
Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper is concerned with improving the livelihoods of rural households in China — especially those involved in ruminant livestock production — in the context of market-oriented reform. Two broad categories of household are considered — diversified households and specialised households. Livelihoods are largely determined first, by the way the households interface with the industries or industry in which they are involved and secondly, by the development paths of these industries. Traditionally, the dominant Chinese approach to industry development is policy rather than market driven. Interventionist policies are introduced that target the construction of production bases with the aim of increasing physical output. At a later stage, attention turns to the development of processing facilities, hopefully, to value add. Little attention is given to development of agribusiness aspects of the marketing chain or to market demand. Nowadays, China is beginning to make the transition from an output-oriented form of industry development to policies that aim to create ‘modern’ agribusiness sectors. However, the interventionist-targeting approach remains dominant and the emphasis in recent years has been on the development of highlyconcentrated, vertically-integrated marketing chains controlled by large semi-government corporations that aim at the high-value end of available markets. The paper argues for a more facilitative policy approach to encourage the growth of a diverse agribusiness sector in China to allow a much wider range of households to participate in, and benefit from, the ruminant livestock revolution.
MEETING THE MDBC CAP IN THE BARWON-DARLING RIVER
Creators: name: Cordina, D.
name: Brill, T.
name: Crean, Jason
name: Cordina, D.
name: Brill, T.
name: Crean, Jason
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water reforms
subject: MDBC Cap
subject: Barwon-Darling River

description: Reform to the Australian water industry has received considerable attention in recent years. This can be partly attributed to growing community concerns about environmental degradation, increasing competition from extractive water users and greater focus by governments on micro-economic reform. One of the key reforms shared across a number of States is the implementation of the Murray-Darling Basin Commission’s Cap on irrigation diversions. In recent years, the Cap for the Barwon-Darling River has been exceeded and there is pressure on the NSW Government to address the situation. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the issues associated with Cap implementation in the Barwon-Darling River and to discuss the methodology being used to assess the farm level economic impacts of alternative options proposed to achieve Cap. The paper provides an overview of alternative approaches to achieve Cap, the development of representative farm models to assess agricultural effects and a description of some preliminary results of our analysis.