cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
THE RISE OF REGIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS: CHALLENGES FOR THE RULE OF LAW
Creators: name: Schelstraete, Arnout
name: Moonen, Toon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The rise of regional administrative courts is one of the most important recent evolutions with regard to the organization of justice in Belgium. The decisions of Flemish administrative judges have a big impact on people’s lives, ranging from disputes about environmental permits to even election results. However, the creation and organization of these courts raises crucial questions connected to the rule of law. Incorporating the administrative judicial apparatus or its supporting units within the executive branch touches upon the separation of powers and judicial independence. Moreover, aspects of the right to a fair trial are at stake, for example when cases are decided by single judge panels and no possibility for a full appeal is available.
 The Flemish government envisions the further development of the administrative judicial system. Fundamental research into those matters is urgently needed. Supported by comparative law and a participatory methodology, this project answers theoretical, empirical and normative questions. It seeks a path to develop administrative judiciaries in the Belgian federated entities in line with the rule of law.
Training-Free Neural Matte Extraction for Visual Effects
Creators: name: Elcott, Sharif
name: Lewis, J. P.
name: Kanazawa, Nori
name: Bregler, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.6

description: Alpha matting is widely used in video conferencing as well as in movies, television, and social media sites. Deep learning approaches to the matte extraction problem are well suited to video conferencing due to the consistent subject matter (front-facing humans), however training-based approaches are somewhat pointless for entertainment videos where varied subjects (spaceships, monsters, etc.) may appear only a few times in a single movie -- if a method of creating ground truth for training exists, just use that method to produce the desired mattes. We introduce a training-free high quality neural matte extraction approach that specifically targets the assumptions of visual effects production. Our approach is based on the deep image prior, which optimizes a deep neural network to fit a single image, thereby providing a deep encoding of the particular image. We make use of the representations in the penultimate layer to interpolate coarse and incomplete "trimap" constraints. Videos processed with this approach are temporally consistent. The algorithm is both very simple and surprisingly effective.
The Kneser--Poulsen conjecture for special contractions
Creators: name: Bezdek, Károly
name: Naszódi, Márton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A20

description: The Kneser--Poulsen Conjecture states that if the centers of a family of $N$ unit balls in ${\mathbb E}^d$ is contracted, then the volume of the union (resp., intersection) does not increase (resp., decrease). We consider two types of special contractions. First, a \emph{uniform contraction} is a contraction where all the pairwise distances in the first set of centers are larger than all the pairwise distances in the second set of centers. We obtain that a uniform contraction of the centers does not decrease the volume of the intersection of the balls, provided that $N\geq(1+\sqrt{2})^d$. Our result extends to intrinsic volumes. We prove a similar result concerning the volume of the union. Second, a \emph{strong contraction} is a contraction in each coordinate. We show that the conjecture holds for strong contractions. In fact, the result extends to arbitrary unconditional bodies in the place of balls.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures. Exactly same as version 3, except for the references which were left out from there
Ist für Martin Heidegger die Dichtung eine Art von Philosophie oder die Poesie eine mögliche Ausdrucksform des Philosophierens?
Creators: name: Schaber, Johannes
Publisher: name: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift
Year: 2022

description: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift, Bd. 71 Nr. 2 (2020)
Statistical Inference with Quantum Measurements: Methodologies for Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond
Creators: name: Hincks, Ian
name: Granade, Christopher
name: Cory, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of photon count data from the standard nitrogen vacancy (NV) measurement process is treated as a statistical inference problem. This has applications toward gaining better and more rigorous error bars for tasks such as parameter estimation (eg. magnetometry), tomography, and randomized benchmarking. We start by providing a summary of the standard phenomenological model of the NV optical process in terms of Lindblad jump operators. This model is used to derive random variables describing emitted photons during measurement, to which finite visibility, dark counts, and imperfect state preparation are added. NV spin-state measurement is then stated as an abstract statistical inference problem consisting of an underlying biased coin obstructed by three Poisson rates. Relevant frequentist and Bayesian estimators are provided, discussed, and quantitatively compared. We show numerically that the risk of the maximum likelihood estimator is well approximated by the Cramer-Rao bound, for which we provide a simple formula. Of the estimators, we in particular promote the Bayes estimator, owing to its slightly better risk performance, and straight-forward error propagation into more complex experiments. This is illustrated on experimental data, where Quantum Hamiltonian Learning is performed and cross-validated in a fully Bayesian setting, and compared to a more traditional weighted least squares fit.
description: 41 pages and 14 figures, including the appendices
Temperature Dependence of the Anisotropy Field of L10 FePt near the Curie Temperature
Creators: name: Richter, H. J.
name: Parker, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Near the Curie temperature the anisotropy field of magnetically uniaxial L10 FePt is expected to follow the scaling law $(1-T/Tc)^β$ where $T$ is the temperature and $T_c$ the Curie temperature. In the literature $β$ values between 0.36 and 0.65 have been reported. Based on recording measurements and micromagnetic analysis, we show that only the values of $β$ near the low end of the reported range are compatible with the data. We also conclude that thermally activated magnetization reversal at temperatures near $T_c$ cannot be ignored, even at time scales smaller than 1 ns. We demonstrate that thermally activated magnetization reversal at temperatures close to $T_c$ is well described by conventional theory with a frequency factor $f_0$ of the order of $10^{12}$ Hz. It is reasoned that the unusually high value for $f_0$ is a consequence of the temperature-induced reduction of the degree of alignment of the micro-spins within the grains.
Wolfgang Meyer, Die Wort-Gottes-Feier als sacra celebratio. Ein nicht ausgeführter Beschluss des Konzils (Praktische Theologie heute 167), Stuttgart: Kohlhammer 2019
Creators: name: Haunerland, Winfried
Publisher: name: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift
Year: 2022

description: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift, Bd. 71 Nr. 1 (2020)
Loop homology of some global quotient orbifolds
Creators: name: Asao, Yasuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine the ring structure of the loop homology of some global quotient orbifolds. We can compute by our theorem the loop homology ring with suitable coefficients of the global quotient orbifolds of the form $[M/G]$ for $M$ being some kinds of homogeneous manifolds, and $G$ being a finte subgroup of a path connected topological group $\mathcal{G}$ acting on $M$. It is shown that these homology rings split into the tensor product of the loop homology ring $\mathbb{H}_{*}(LM)$ of the manifold $M$ and that of the classifying space of the finite group, which coincides with the center of the group ring $Z(k[G])$.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, revised inappropriate expressions
Particles Systems and Numerical Schemes for Mean Reflected Stochastic Differential Equations
Creators: name: Briand, Philippe
name: de Raynal, Paul-Éric Chaudru
name: Guillin, Arnaud
name: Labart, Céline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is devoted to the study of reflected Stochastic Differential Equations when the constraint is not on the paths of the solution but acts on the law of the solution. These reflected equations have been introduced recently by Briand, Elie and Hu (arXiv:1605.06301) in the context of risk measures. Our main objective is to provide an approximation of solutions to these reflected SDEs with the help of interacting particles systems. This approximation allows to design a numerical scheme for this kind of equations.
Gram-scale cryogenic calorimeters for rare-event searches
Creators: name: Strauss, R.
name: Rothe, J.
name: Angloher, G.
name: Bento, A.
name: Gütlein, A.
name: Hauff, D.
name: Kluck, H.
name: Mancuso, M.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Petricca, F.
name: Pröbst, F.
name: Schieck, J.
name: Schönert, S.
name: Seidel, W.
name: Stodolsky, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy threshold of a cryogenic calorimeter can be lowered by reducing its size. This is of importance since the resulting increase in signal rate enables new approaches in rare-event searches, including the detection of MeV mass dark matter and coherent scattering of reactor or solar neutrinos. A scaling law for energy threshold vs. detector size is given. We analyze the possibility of lowering the threshold of a gram-scale cryogenic calorimeter to the few eV regime. A prototype 0.5 g Al$_2$O$_3$ device achieved an energy threshold of (${19.7\pm0.1}$) eV, the lowest value reported for a macroscopic calorimeter.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Caroline Witting, Reproduktive Autonomie. Über das Potenzial eines umstrittenen Begriffs (Studien der Moraltheologie NF 10) Münster: Aschendorff Verlag 2018
Creators: name: Ernst, Stephan
Publisher: name: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift
Year: 2022

description: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift, Bd. 71 Nr. 1 (2020)
Relational evolution of effectively interacting GFT quantum gravity condensates
Creators: name: Pithis, Andreas G. A.
name: Sakellariadou, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of effective interactions onto relationally evolving GFT condensates based on real-valued fields. In a first step we show that a free condensate configuration in an isotropic restriction settles dynamically into a low-spin configuration of the quantum geometry. This goes hand in hand with the accelerated and exponential expansion of its volume, as well as the vanishing of its relative uncertainty which suggests the classicalization of the quantum geometry. The dynamics of the emergent space can then be given in terms of the classical Friedmann equations. In contrast to models based on complex-valued fields, solutions avoiding the singularity problem can only be found if the initial conditions are appropriately chosen. We then turn to the analysis of the influence of effective interactions on the dynamics by studying in particular the Thomas-Fermi regime. In this context, at the cost of fine-tuning, an epoch of inflationary expansion of quantum geometric origin can be implemented. Finally, and for the first time, we study anisotropic GFT condensate configurations and show that such systems tend to isotropize quickly as the value of the relational clock grows. This paves the way to a more systematic investigation of anisotropies in the context of GFT condensate cosmology.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures; closest to published version
Statistical analysis of the climatology and vegetation dynamics in a region on the banks of the Duero-TFM
Creators: name: Bermejo Saiz, Alfonso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: NDVI
MODIS
REMOTE SENSING
STABILITY
SEASONALITY
TIME SERIES
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
DUERO
SPAIN

description: In Castilla y León, more specifically on the riverside of the Duero, the vineyard has great importance. It is a crop with deep cultural roots due to the winemaking tradition of the area, which means that there is a large area of vineyards that are several decades old. In the present work, the dynamics of the vine vegetation on the riverside of the Duero and specifically in the region delimited by the D.O.P Ribera del Duero were analyzed using remote sensing and compared with the dynamics of other crops of great importance also in the region, such as cereals (both rainfed and irrigated), with high number of hectares cultivated. The objective of the present study was to analyze the dynamics of the vegetation through the use of the NDVI index and to relate this index with climatic variables to study how the climate influences the development of crops. For this, the time series of the NDVI extracted from MODIS images of the aforementioned crops in the period 2002-2020 were analyzed and this NDVI was related to the time series of two climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation, to evaluate the influence that these have on the dynamics of the vegetation of the area. The stationarity of the time series was analyzed using the Dickey-Fuller test and, through the use of autocorrelation graphs and periodograms, their seasonality was analyzed. It was observed that none of the climatic and NDVI series studied had a trend and it was also observed that the NDVI series had a clear annual cycle. Through the analysis of the different NDVI series, it was possible to detect differences in the spectral signatures of each crop and through the representation of the climatic series and NDVI, patterns could be observed that allowed us to intuit that there is a relationship that can be studied in the future. Therefore, this work aims to serve as a basis for future research.
Experimental demonstration of loop state-preparation-and-measurement tomography
Creators: name: McCormick, A. F.
name: van Enk, S. J.
name: Beck, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed an experiment demonstrating that loop state-preparation-and-measurement (SPAM) tomography [C. Jackson and S. J. van Enk, Phys. Rev. A 92, 042312 (2015)] is capable of detecting correlated errors between the preparation and the measurement of a quantum system. Specifically, we have prepared pure and mixed states of single qubits encoded in the polarization of heralded individual photons. By performing measurements using multiple state preparations and multiple measurement device settings we are able to detect if there are any correlated errors between them, and are also able to determine which state preparations are correlated with which measurements. This is accomplished by going around a 'loop' in parameter space, which allows us to check for self-consistency. No assumptions are made concerning either the state preparations or the measurements, other than that the dimensions of the states and the positive-operator-valued measures (POVM) describing the detector are known. In cases where no correlations are found we are able to perform quantum state tomography of the polarization qubits by using knowledge of the detector POVMs, or quantum detector tomography by using knowledge of the state preparations.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
Toward a Climate Adaptive Street Framework: Investigating Landscape Performance
Creators: name: Chanse, Victoria
name: Afsari Bajestani, Sepideh
name: Campbell, Angie
name: McCormick, Jessica
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023

description: Population growth and rapid migration to cities together with inadequate climate planning has become a catalyst for the loss of green spaces abundant in natural resources and biodiversity (Kambites & Owen, 2006; Thorn, Thornton, & Helfgott, 2015). These spaces play a vital role in our health and well-being and their absence leaves cities and their residents vulnerable to modern challenges such as climate change and natural hazards. Increasingly, urban residents are at risk to extreme weather events, including drought, heatwaves, and flooding with climate change impacts expected to continue to exacerbate these issues (Satterthwaite et al. 2007). As urban development is a key factor in terms of how cities are affected by and affect climate change, urban planning and design policies are striving to integrate adaptation and mitigation strategies to meet climate objectives. While there has been a great effort to explore adaptation and mitigation options at regional scales, a lack of research on climate adaptive urban strategies at a local scale exists. In New Zealand, cities are vulnerable to the projected impacts of climate change such as extreme rainfall events and extreme storm events (NIWA 2017; NIWA 2019). A climate adaptive street framework was developed and then tested through speculative street re-design proposals. This design-research investigation of climate adaptive streets demonstrated how reinvented streets may perform as more than thoroughfares for traditional transport, but as places for socialisation, recreation, cultrual connection, and ecological health. These speculative climate adaptive streets demonstrate how urban streets in New Zealand and particularly Wellington might increase the climate adaptive capacity of cities.
A new cosine series antialiasing function and its application to aliasing-free glottal source models for speech and singing synthesis
Creators: name: Kawahara, Hideki
name: Sakakibara, Ken-Ichi
name: Banno, Hideki
name: Morise, Masanori
name: Toda, Tomoki
name: Irino, Toshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We formulated and implemented a procedure to generate aliasing-free excitation source signals. It uses a new antialiasing filter in the continuous time domain followed by an IIR digital filter for response equalization. We introduced a cosine-series-based general design procedure for the new antialiasing function. We applied this new procedure to implement the antialiased Fujisaki-Ljungqvist model. We also applied it to revise our previous implementation of the antialiased Fant-Liljencrants model. A combination of these signals and a lattice implementation of the time varying vocal tract model provides a reliable and flexible basis to test fo extractors and source aperiodicity analysis methods. MATLAB implementations of these antialiased excitation source models are available as part of our open source tools for speech science.
description: Submitted to Interspeech 2017
Statistical mechanics of unsupervised feature learning in a restricted Boltzmann machine with binary synapses
Creators: name: Huang, Haiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Revealing hidden features in unlabeled data is called unsupervised feature learning, which plays an important role in pretraining a deep neural network. Here we provide a statistical mechanics analysis of the unsupervised learning in a restricted Boltzmann machine with binary synapses. A message passing equation to infer the hidden feature is derived, and furthermore, variants of this equation are analyzed. A statistical analysis by replica theory describes the thermodynamic properties of the model. Our analysis confirms an entropy crisis preceding the non-convergence of the message passing equation, suggesting a discontinuous phase transition as a key characteristic of the restricted Boltzmann machine. Continuous phase transition is also confirmed depending on the embedded feature strength in the data. The mean-field result under the replica symmetric assumption agrees with that obtained by running message passing algorithms on single instances of finite sizes. Interestingly, in an approximate Hopfield model, the entropy crisis is absent, and a continuous phase transition is observed instead. We also develop an iterative equation to infer the hyper-parameter (temperature) hidden in the data, which in physics corresponds to iteratively imposing Nishimori condition. Our study provides insights towards understanding the thermodynamic properties of the restricted Boltzmann machine learning, and moreover important theoretical basis to build simplified deep networks.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, results added
Toward Trusted and Swift UAV Communication: ISAC-Enabled Dual Identity Mapping
Creators: name: Cui, Yanpeng
name: Feng, Zhiyong
name: Zhang, Qixun
name: Wei, Zhiqing
name: Xu, Chenlong
name: Zhang, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The UAV network has recently emerged as a capable carrier for ubiquitous wireless intelligent communication in the B5G/6G era. Nevertheless, the separation of dual identity raises challenges from the perspective of communication efficiency and security, including tedious communication feedback and malicious Sybil attacks. Meanwhile, thanks to the emerging integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) technology, the sensing ability incorporated in communication advances crucial opportunities for accurately and efficiently mapping identity from dual domains. This tutorial discusses the exciting intersection of ISAC and the future intelligent and efficient UAV network. We first describe the motivation scenario and present the framework of the proposed novel ISAC-enabled dual identity solution. The detailed modules of identity production, mapping, management, and authentication are discussed. By endowing UAVs with an advanced capability: opening their eyes when communicating with each other, we detail three typical applications and the advantages of our proposal. Finally, a series of key enabling techniques, open challenges, and potential solutions for ISAC-enabled dual-domain identity are discussed. This tutorial for the intelligent and efficient UAV network brings new insight on providing dual-domain identity via ISAC technology, with an eye on trusted and swift communication research tailored for the 6G UAV network.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Asteroseismic inversions techniques
Creators: name: Bétrisey, Jérôme
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Asteroseismology
Inversion techniques
Stars: fundamental parameters
Stars: interiors
Stars: solar-type

description: Accompanying page for the contributed talk "Asteroseismic inversions techniques" by J. Bétrisey at the workshop The Future of Solar Modelling in Sierre, Switzerland, September 04-07, 2023.
Eucharistie in der Glaubenslehre : ein Werkbuch zum Eucharistischen Kongreß in München 1960 / hrsg. von Rhaban Haacke. - Köln: Bachem, 1960
Creators: name: Dürig, Walter
Publisher: name: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift
Year: 2021

description: Münchener Theologische Zeitschrift, Bd. 11 Nr. 4 (1960)
Toward Intelligent and Efficient 6G Networks: JCSC Enabled On-Purpose Machine Communications
Creators: name: Zhang, Ping
name: Yang, Heng
name: Feng, Zhiyong
name: Cui, Yanpeng
name: Dai, Jincheng
name: Qin, Xiaoqi
name: Li, Jinglin
name: Zhang, Qixun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Driven by the vision of "intelligent connection of everything" toward 6G, the collective intelligence of networked machines can be fully exploited to improve system efficiency by shifting the paradigm of wireless communication design from naive maximalist approaches to intelligent value-based approaches. In this article, we propose an on-purpose machine communication framework enabled by joint communication, sensing, and computation (JCSC) technology, which employs machine semantics as the interactive information flow. Naturally, there are potential technical barriers to be solved before the widespread adoption of on-purpose communications, including the conception of machine purpose, fast and concise networking strategy, and semantics-aware information exchange mechanism during the process of task-oriented cooperation. Hence, we discuss enabling technologies complemented by a range of open challenges. The simulation result shows that the proposed framework can significantly reduce networking overhead and improve communication efficiency.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Topology-Aware Resilient Routing Protocol for FANETs: An Adaptive Q-Learning Approach
Creators: name: Cui, Yanpeng
name: Zhang, Qixun
name: Feng, Zhiyong
name: Wei, Zhiqing
name: Shi, Ce
name: Yang, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) play a crucial role in numerous military and civil applications since it shortens mission duration and enhances coverage significantly compared with a single unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Whereas, designing an energy-efficient FANET routing protocol with a high packet delivery rate (PDR) and low delay is challenging owing to the dynamic topology changes. In this article, we propose a topology-aware resilient routing strategy based on adaptive Q-learning (TARRAQ) to accurately capture topology changes with low overhead and make routing decisions in a distributed and autonomous way. First, we analyze the dynamic behavior of UAV nodes via the queuing theory, and then the closed-form solutions of neighbors' change rate (NCR) and neighbors' change interarrival time (NCIT) distribution are derived. Based on the real-time NCR and NCIT, a resilient sensing interval (SI) is determined by defining the expected sensing delay of network events. Besides, we also present an adaptive Q-learning approach that enables UAVs to make distributed, autonomous, and adaptive routing decisions, where the above SI ensures that the action space can be updated in time at a low cost. The simulation results verify the accuracy of the topology dynamic analysis model and also prove that our TARRAQ outperforms the Q-learning-based topology-aware routing (QTAR), mobility prediction-based virtual routing (MPVR), and greedy perimeter stateless routing based on energy-efficient hello (EE-Hello) in terms of 25.23%, 20.24%, and 13.73% lower overhead, 9.41%, 14.77%, and 16.70% higher PDR, and 5.12%, 15.65%, and 11.31% lower energy consumption, respectively.
description: 18 pages, 11 figure, 5 tables
A Critical Literature Review reasons why Illegal: Reasons Why Illegal Extra-budgetary Expenditures Are Incurred by Government Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) in Nigeria
Creators: name: Inyang, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 350102
subject: Auditing and accountability
classificationCode: 350103
subject: Financial accounting
classificationCode: 350104
subject: International accounting
classificationCode: 350107
subject: Sustainability accounting and reporting

description: Nigeria’s extra-budgetary or off-budget activities which did not pass through the usual legislative process of appropriation between 2006 and 2015 amounted to N21.8 trillion (about $109 billion)! In order to discover areas for further research, this study critically reviews the reasons why illegal or unauthorized extra-budgetary expenditures incessantly occur in Nigeria’s public sector. The findings from the literature show that the occurrence of illegal or unauthorized extra-budgetary expenditures in Nigeria is due to the following factors: insincerity, lack of knowledge and experience in budgeting and financial management, political considerations, lack of consistent legal framework, non-disclosure of extra-budgetary funds and audit failure. These findings consequently revealed the following critical areas in the existing literature that require further research: funding of the supreme audit institution, legislative oversight functions and use of government sanctions.
Extracting losses from asymmetric resonances in micro-ring resonators
Creators: name: Reshef, Orad
name: Moebius, Michael G.
name: Mazur, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Propagation losses in micro-ring resonator waveguides can be determined from the shape of individual resonances in their transmission spectrum. The losses are typically extracted by fitting these resonances to an idealized model that is derived using scattering theory. Reflections caused by waveguide boundaries or stitching errors, however, cause the resonances to become asymmetric, resulting in poor fits and unreliable propagation loss coefficients. We derive a model that takes reflections into account and, by performing full-wave simulations, we show that this model accurately describes the asymmetric resonances that result from purely linear effects, yielding accurate propagation loss coefficients.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
EMULATOR vs REAL PHONE: Android Malware Detection Using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Alzaylaee, Mohammed K.
name: Yerima, Suleiman Y.
name: Sezer, Sakir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Android operating system has become the most popular operating system for smartphones and tablets leading to a rapid rise in malware. Sophisticated Android malware employ detection avoidance techniques in order to hide their malicious activities from analysis tools. These include a wide range of anti-emulator techniques, where the malware programs attempt to hide their malicious activities by detecting the emulator. For this reason, countermeasures against antiemulation are becoming increasingly important in Android malware detection. Analysis and detection based on real devices can alleviate the problems of anti-emulation as well as improve the effectiveness of dynamic analysis. Hence, in this paper we present an investigation of machine learning based malware detection using dynamic analysis on real devices. A tool is implemented to automatically extract dynamic features from Android phones and through several experiments, a comparative analysis of emulator based vs. device based detection by means of several machine learning algorithms is undertaken. Our study shows that several features could be extracted more effectively from the on-device dynamic analysis compared to emulators. It was also found that approximately 24% more apps were successfully analysed on the phone. Furthermore, all of the studied machine learning based detection performed better when applied to features extracted from the on-device dynamic analysis.
description: IWSPA 2017 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on Security and Privacy Analytics, co-located with CODASPY'17, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA - March 24 - 24, 2017, pages 65-72
Weyl points and Dirac lines protected by multiple screw rotations
Creators: name: Furusaki, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric materials two-fold screw rotation symmetry forces electron's energy bands to have Weyl points at which two bands touch. This is illustrated for space groups No. 19 ($P2_12_12_1$) and No. 198 ($P2_13$), which have three orthogonal screw rotation axes. In the case of space groups No. 61 ($Pbca$) and No. 205 ($P$a-3) that have extra inversion symmetry, Weyl points are promoted to four-fold degenerate line nodes in glide-invariant planes. The three-fold rotation symmetry present in the space groups No. 198 and No. 205 allows Weyl and Dirac points, respectively, to appear along its rotation axes in the Brillouin zone and generates four-fold and six-fold degeneracy at the $Γ$ point and R point, respectively.
description: 8 pages, v2 added references; v3 corrected typos, sec.IIB slightly expanded
Toxoplasma gondii virulence factor ROP1 reduces parasite susceptibility to murine and human innate immune restriction.
Creators: name: Butterworth, Simon
name: Torelli, Francesca
name: Lockyer, Eloise J
name: Wagener, Jeanette
name: Song, Ok-Ryul
name: Broncel, Malgorzata
name: Russell, Matt RG
name: Moreira-Souza, Aline Cristina A
name: Young, Joanna C
name: Treeck, Moritz
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry & Proteomics
subject: Imaging
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Infectious Disease
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite that can infect many host species and is a cause of significant human morbidity worldwide. T. gondii secretes a diverse array of effector proteins into the host cell which are critical for infection. The vast majority of these secreted proteins have no predicted functional domains and remain uncharacterised. Here, we carried out a pooled CRISPR knockout screen in the T. gondii Prugniaud strain in vivo to identify secreted proteins that contribute to parasite immune evasion in the host. We demonstrate that ROP1, the first-identified rhoptry protein of T. gondii, is essential for virulence and has a previously unrecognised role in parasite resistance to interferon gamma-mediated innate immune restriction. This function is conserved in the highly virulent RH strain of T. gondii and contributes to parasite growth in both murine and human macrophages. While ROP1 affects the morphology of rhoptries, from where the protein is secreted, it does not affect rhoptry secretion. Finally, we show that ROP1 co-immunoprecipitates with the host cell protein C1QBP, an emerging regulator of innate immune signaling. In summary, we identify putative in vivo virulence factors in the T. gondii Prugniaud strain and show that ROP1 is an important and previously overlooked effector protein that counteracts both murine and human innate immunity.
Effect of the type I to type II Weyl semimetal topological transition on superconductivity
Creators: name: Li, Dingping
name: Rosenstein, Baruch
name: Shapiro, B.
name: Shapiro, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The influence of recently discovered topological transition between type I and type II Weyl semi-metals on superconductivity is considered. A set of Gorkov equations for weak superconductivity in Weyl semi-metal under topological phase transition is derived and solved. The critical temperature and superconducting gap both have spike in the point the transition point as function of the tilt parameter of the Dirac cone determined in turn by the material parameters like pressure. The spectrum of superconducting excitations is different in two phases: the sharp cone pinnacle is characteristic for a type I, while two parallel almost flat bands, are formed in type II. Spectral density is calculated on both sides of transition demonstrate different weight of the bands. The superconductivity thus can be used as a clear indicator for the topological transformation. Results are discussed in the light of recent experiments.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
The K-essence flow seen from the preferred frame $S_{V}$. A scalar field theory with Landau superfluid structure
Creators: name: Santos, Rodrigo Francisco dos
name: de Almeida, Luis Gustavo
name: Faria, A. C. Amaro de
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the hypothesis of deformation of the invariance of Lorentz transformations produced by the introduction of a universal minimum velocity relative to a preferred frame. Our goal with this job is to apply this hypothesis to superfluids and study its consequences relating the minimum velocity to the idea of a fluid, with superfluid properties. In previous works we related the minimum velocity to the cosmological constant and even to cosmic inflation. Soon we could generate a hypothetical superfluid capable of modeling with characteristics of a cosmological fluid with dark energy properties. The first excited state of this universal superfluid would be a preferred frame from which all other excited states are observed and then we would have a preferred frame $S_{V}$ associated with the critical Landau velocity, thus implying that the universal minimum velocity coincides with the critical Landau velocity, and the objects observed by the preferred frame are excited states of the superfluid. This coincidence between the concepts of minimum velocity and Landau's critical velocity makes Landau's critical velocity a type of limit velocity, modifying the usual causal structure of restricted relativity. Formulating the phenomena in this preferred frame would have the advantage of providing a simple explanation for astrophysical and cosmological phenomena linked to a causal structure, which emerges from this construction and is very similar to causal structures linked to Gordon geometry and acoustic tachyons. We build a deformed relativistic Lagrangian, demonstrate its relation with a K-essence Lagrangian and calculate the quantities associated with that Lagrangian. We also studied an irrotational fluid and verified the role of enthalpy associated with the minimum velocity structure.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures
The $ν$-cleus experiment: A gram-scale fiducial-volume cryogenic detector for the first detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: Strauss, R.
name: Rothe, J.
name: Angloher, G.
name: Bento, A.
name: Gütlein, A.
name: Hauff, D.
name: Kluck, H.
name: Mancuso, M.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Petricca, F.
name: Pröbst, F.
name: Schieck, J.
name: Schönert, S.
name: Seidel, W.
name: Stodolsky, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a small-scale experiment, called $ν$-cleus, for the first detection of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering by probing nuclear-recoil energies down to the 10 eV-regime. The detector consists of low-threshold CaWO$_4$ and Al$_2$O$_3$ calorimeter arrays with a total mass of about 10 g and several cryogenic veto detectors operated at millikelvin temperatures. Realizing a fiducial volume and a multi-element target, the detector enables active discrimination of $γ$, neutron and surface backgrounds. A first prototype Al$_2$O$_3$ device, operated above ground in a setup without shielding, has achieved an energy threshold of ${\sim20}$ eV and further improvements are in reach. A sensitivity study for the detection of coherent neutrino scattering at nuclear power plants shows a unique discovery potential (5$σ$) within a measuring time of ${\lesssim2}$ weeks. Furthermore, a site at a thermal research reactor and the use of a radioactive neutrino source are investigated. With this technology, real-time monitoring of nuclear power plants is feasible.
description: 14 pages, 19 figures
Descriptor generation from Morgan fingerprint using persistent homology
Creators: name: Ehiro, T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In cheminformatics, molecular fingerprints (FPs) are used in various tasks such as regression and classification. However, predictive models often underutilize Morgan FP for regression and related tasks in machine learning. This study introduced descriptors derived from reshaped Morgan FPs using persistent homology for the predictive accuracy improvement. In the solvation free energy (FreeSolv) and water solubility (ESOL) datasets, persistent homology was found to enhance predictive accuracy compared to the use of only Morgan FPs. Notably, using the first-order persistence diagram (PD1) for descriptor generation resulted in more significant improvements than using the zeroth-order persistence diagram (PD0). Combining 4096 bits Morgan FPs with PD1-generated descriptors increased the average coefficient of determination in the Gaussian process regression from 0.597 to 0.667 for FreeSolv and from 0.629 to 0.654 for ESOL. Adjusting the grid size parameter during PD-based descriptor generation is crucial, as finer grids, especially with PD0, generate more descriptors but reduce predictive accuracy. Coarsening the grid or applying principal component analysis (PCA) mitigates overfitting and enhances accuracy. When descriptors were generated from Morgan FPs with randomly shuffled bit positions, coarsening the grid and/or applying PCA achieved similar accuracy improvements as when the persistent homology of the original Morgan FPs was used.
Interpretations of family size distributions: The Datura example
Creators: name: Henych, Tomáš
name: Holsapple, Keith A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Young asteroid families are unique sources of information about fragmentation physics and the structure of their parent bodies, since their physical properties have not changed much since their birth. Families have different properties such as age, size, taxonomy, collision severity and others, and understanding the effect of those properties on our observations of the size-frequency distribution (SFD) of family fragments can give us important insights into the hypervelocity collision processes at scales we cannot achieve in our laboratories. Here we take as an example the very young Datura family, with a small 8-km parent body, and compare its size distribution to other families, with both large and small parent bodies, and created by both catastrophic and cratering formation events. We conclude that most likely explanation for the shallower size distribution compared to larger families is a more pronounced observational bias because of its small size. Its size distribution is perfectly normal when its parent body size is taken into account. We also discuss some other possibilities. In addition, we study another common feature: an offset or "bump" in the distribution occurring for a few of the larger elements. We hypothesize that it can be explained by a newly described regime of cratering, "spall cratering", which controls the majority of impact craters on the surface of small asteroids like Datura.
description: accepted for publication in Icarus; 21 pages, 10 figures
Radar Cross Section Reduction of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Metamaterial Techniques
Creators: name: B, Syamly S.
name: Chunkath, Job
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Radar cross section (RCS) reduction has become one of the critical research areas in recent years. The RCS of the target should be small to avoid detection. Different methods are used to reduce RCS, but the major challenge with many RCS minimization methodologies is that, it may deteriorate some antenna parameters. When antenna mode RCS is considered; structural mode RCS, and antenna parameters are critical, as the structure should be an antenna and a RCS reducing structure simultaneously. The techniques like applying Radar Absorption Material (RAM) entirely over the target, deployment of Energy Band Gap (EBG) structures, the use of passive, active cancellation, and polarization conversion are prevalent methods to reduce RCS. The manifestation of metamaterial property in an antenna results in the antenna's electromagnetic characteristics becoming negative for a particular bandwidth. Thus the RCS of the antenna can be reduced to a minimum range by loading the metamaterial structures. This paper discusses the application of polarization conversion method (PCM), L-structured and Square-structured fractal metamaterial antenna for RCS reduction. This paper reports the simulation, fabrication, and testing of the above antennas with their performance comparison. The antennas are designed for 4.3GHz frequency with a total dimension of 80mmx80mmx1.6mm. Antenna parameters like return loss, gain, radiation pattern, and bandwidth are analyzed along with the RCS. The L-structured metamaterial antenna implemented has a 29.37% larger bandwidth than the reference patch antenna with a gain of 2.94dB with a return loss of -28.28dB.
description: 6 Pages, 13 Figures, 2 Tables, Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Embedding Watermarks into Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Uchida, Yusuke
name: Nagai, Yuki
name: Sakazawa, Shigeyuki
name: Satoh, Shin'ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks have recently achieved significant progress. Sharing trained models of these deep neural networks is very important in the rapid progress of researching or developing deep neural network systems. At the same time, it is necessary to protect the rights of shared trained models. To this end, we propose to use a digital watermarking technology to protect intellectual property or detect intellectual property infringement of trained models. Firstly, we formulate a new problem: embedding watermarks into deep neural networks. We also define requirements, embedding situations, and attack types for watermarking to deep neural networks. Secondly, we propose a general framework to embed a watermark into model parameters using a parameter regularizer. Our approach does not hurt the performance of networks into which a watermark is embedded. Finally, we perform comprehensive experiments to reveal the potential of watermarking to deep neural networks as a basis of this new problem. We show that our framework can embed a watermark in the situations of training a network from scratch, fine-tuning, and distilling without hurting the performance of a deep neural network. The embedded watermark does not disappear even after fine-tuning or parameter pruning; the watermark completely remains even after removing 65% of parameters were pruned. The implementation of this research is: https://github.com/yu4u/dnn-watermark