cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variational quantum Gibbs state preparation with a truncated Taylor series
Creators: name: Wang, Youle
name: Li, Guangxi
name: Wang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The preparation of quantum Gibbs state is an essential part of quantum computation and has wide-ranging applications in various areas, including quantum simulation, quantum optimization, and quantum machine learning. In this paper, we propose variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for quantum Gibbs state preparation. We first utilize a truncated Taylor series to evaluate the free energy and choose the truncated free energy as the loss function. Our protocol then trains the parameterized quantum circuits to learn the desired quantum Gibbs state. Notably, this algorithm can be implemented on near-term quantum computers equipped with parameterized quantum circuits. By performing numerical experiments, we show that shallow parameterized circuits with only one additional qubit can be trained to prepare the Ising chain and spin chain Gibbs states with a fidelity higher than 95%. In particular, for the Ising chain model, we find that a simplified circuit ansatz with only one parameter and one additional qubit can be trained to realize a 99% fidelity in Gibbs state preparation at inverse temperatures larger than 2.
description: v2 accepted in Phys. Rev. Applied
Dislocation screening in crystals with spherical topology
Creators: name: García-Aguilar, Ireth
name: Fonda, Piermarco
name: Giomi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whereas disclination defects are energetically prohibitive in two-dimensional flat crystals, their existence is necessary in crystals with spherical topology, such as viral capsids, colloidosomes or fullerenes. Such a geometrical frustration gives rise to large elastic stresses, which render the crystal unstable when its size is significantly larger than the typical lattice spacing. Depending on the compliance of the crystal with respect to stretching and bending deformations, these stresses are alleviated by either a local increase of the intrinsic curvature in proximity of the disclinations or by the proliferation of excess dislocations, often organized in the form of one-dimensional chains known as "scars". The associated strain field of the scars is such to counterbalance the one resulting from the isolated disclinations. Here, we develop a continuum theory of dislocation screening in two-dimensional closed crystals with genus one. Upon modeling the flux of scars emanating from a given disclination as an independent scalar field, we demonstrate that the elastic energy of closed two-dimensional crystals with various degrees of asphericity can be expressed as a simple quadratic function of the screened topological charge of the disclinations, both at zero and finite temperature. This allows us to predict the optimal density of the excess dislocations as well as the minimal stretching energy attained by the crystal.
Using AI Assistants in Software Development: A Qualitative Study on Security Practices and Concerns
Creators: name: Klemmer, Jan H.
name: Horstmann, Stefan Albert
name: Patnaik, Nikhil
name: Ludden, Cordelia
name: Burton, Cordell
name: Powers, Carson
name: Massacci, Fabio
name: Rahman, Akond
name: Votipka, Daniel
name: Lipford, Heather Richter
name: Rashid, Awais
name: Naiakshina, Alena
name: Fahl, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Following the recent release of AI assistants, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot, the software industry quickly utilized these tools for software development tasks, e.g., generating code or consulting AI for advice. While recent research has demonstrated that AI-generated code can contain security issues, how software professionals balance AI assistant usage and security remains unclear. This paper investigates how software professionals use AI assistants in secure software development, what security implications and considerations arise, and what impact they foresee on secure software development. We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with software professionals, including software engineers, team leads, and security testers. We also reviewed 190 relevant Reddit posts and comments to gain insights into the current discourse surrounding AI assistants for software development. Our analysis of the interviews and Reddit posts finds that despite many security and quality concerns, participants widely use AI assistants for security-critical tasks, e.g., code generation, threat modeling, and vulnerability detection. Their overall mistrust leads to checking AI suggestions in similar ways to human code, although they expect improvements and, therefore, a heavier use for security tasks in the future. We conclude with recommendations for software professionals to critically check AI suggestions, AI creators to improve suggestion security and capabilities for ethical security tasks, and academic researchers to consider general-purpose AI in software development.
description: Extended version of the paper that appeared at ACM CCS 2024. 21 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
Low-energy quasiparticle excitations in dirty d-wave superconductors and the Bogoliubov-de Gennes kicked rotator
Creators: name: Adagideli, Inanc
name: Jacquod, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quasiparticle density of states in disordered d-wave superconductors. By constructing a quantum map describing the quasiparticle dynamics in such a medium, we explore deviations of the density of states from its universal form ($\propto E$), and show that additional low-energy quasiparticle states exist provided (i) the range of the impurity potential is much larger than the Fermi wavelength [allowing to use recently developed semiclassical methods]; (ii) classical trajectories exist along which the pair-potential changes sign; and (iii) the diffractive scattering length is longer than the superconducting coherence length. In the classically chaotic regime, universal random matrix theory behavior is restored by quantum dynamical diffraction which shifts the low energy states away from zero energy, and the quasiparticle density of states exhibits a linear pseudogap below an energy threshold $E^* \ll Δ_0$.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTeX
Additional file 1 of Ethnobotanical biocultural diversity by rural communities in the Cuatrociénegas Valley, Coahuila; Mexico
Creators: name: Estrada-Castillón, Eduardo
name: Villarreal-Quintanilla, José Ángel
name: Encina-Domínguez, Juan Antonio
name: Jurado-Ybarra, Enrique
name: Cuéllar-Rodríguez, Luis Gerardo
name: Garza-Zambrano, Patricio
name: Arévalo-Sierra, José Ramón
name: Cantú-Ayala, César Martín
name: Himmelsbach, Wibke
name: Salinas-Rodríguez, María Magdalena
name: Gutiérrez-Santillán, Tania Vianney
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Material. Plant families, genera, species and their uses in Cuatrocienegas, Coahuila, Mexico. The letter after author name indicates: N = Native, E = Exotic. The collection number belongs to the first author.
Additional file 1 of Perceptions and predictors of organizational justice among healthcare professionals in academic hospitals in South-Eastern Nigeria
Creators: name: Nwanneka Chidinma Ghasi
name: Ogbuabor, Daniel Chukwuemeka
name: Onodugo, Vincent Aghaegbunam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Appendix A. In-depth interview guide for healthcare professionals. The tool was used to guide data collection from healthcare professionals. The purpose of this interview is to explore the experiences of organizational (in) justice among healthcare professionals in academic hospitals in Enugu State, South-eastern Nigeria.
The OTELO survey. II. The faint-end of the H$α$ luminosity function at z $\sim$ 0.40
Creators: name: Ramón-Pérez, Marina
name: Bongiovanni, Ángel
name: García, Ana María Pérez
name: Cepa, Jordi
name: Lara-López, Maritza A.
name: de Diego, José Antonio
name: Navarro, Emilio J. Alfaro
name: Castañeda, Héctor O.
name: Cerviño, Miguel
name: Fernández-Lorenzo, Mirian
name: Gallego, Jesús
name: González, J. Jesús
name: González-Serrano, J. Ignacio
name: Nadolny, Jakub
name: Gómez, Iván Oteo
name: Martínez, Ricardo Pérez
name: Pintos-Castro, I.
name: Pović, Mirjana
name: Sánchez-Portal, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take advantage of the capability of the OTELO survey to obtain the H$α$ luminosity function (LF) at ${\rm z}\sim0.40$. Because of the deepest coverage of OTELO, we are able to determine the faint end of the LF, and thus better constrain the star formation rate and the number of galaxies at low luminosities. The AGN contribution to this LF is estimated as well. We make use of the multi-wavelength catalogue of objects in the field compiled by the OTELO survey, which is unique in terms of minimum flux and equivalent width. We also take advantage of the pseudo-spectra built for each source, which allow the identification of emission lines and the discrimination of different types of objects. The H$α$ luminosity function at $z\sim0.40$ is obtained, which extends the current faint end by almost 1 dex, reaching minimal luminosities of $\log_{10}L_{\rm lim}=38.5$ erg s$^{-1}$ (or $\sim0.002\, \text{M}_\odot\text{ yr}^{-1})$. The AGN contribution to the total H$α$ luminosity is estimated. We find that no AGN should be expected below a luminosity of $\log_{10}L=38.6$ erg s$^{-1}$. From the sample of non-AGN (presumably, pure SFG) at $z\sim0.40$ we estimated a star formation rate density of $ρ_{\rm SFR}=0.012\pm0.005\ {\rm \text{M}_{\odot}\ yr^{-1}\ Mpc^{-3}}$.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Published in Astronomy \& Astrophysics
Origin of asymmetric reversal modes in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic multilayers
Creators: name: Beckmann, B.
name: Nowak, U.
name: Usadel, K. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimentally an asymmetry of the reversal modes has been found in certain exchange bias systems. From a numerical investigation of the domain state model evidence is gained that this effect depends on the angle between the easy axis of the antiferromagnet and the applied magnetic field. Depending on this angle the ferromagnet reverses either symmetrically, e. g. by a coherent rotation on both sides of the loop, or the reversal is asymmetric with a non uniform reversal mode for the ascending branch, which may even yield a zero perpendicular magnetization.
title: Developing spatial models of health service access and utilisation to define health equity in Kenya
Creators: name: Noor, Abdisalan Mohamed
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: Background: Distance is important in access to health care, in turn a key measure of attainment of Millennium Development Goals. The aim of this thesis was to develop spatial models of access and utilisation of government health services in Kenya.

Methods: High-resolution spatial data on health services, population, transportation, elevation, rivers and gazetted areas have been developed for four study districts. Four theoretical spatial access and utilisation models, based on different distance definitions, were then developed for each district. The assumptions of commonly used access models were assessed using data from health facility-based surveys. High-resolution household data were used to adjust the models for actual use. A test of model-fit was carried out and the 'best-fit' model identified. The potential of scaling-up the best-fit model to the national-level was explored.

Results: Six kilometres was the threshold within which most patients used government health services for fever treatment. Higher-order facilities had larger patients draw. Adjusting the models for competition between facilities increased the mean distances to health services. The model incorporating the transport network and physical barriers to movement, adjusted for competition was found to be the `best-fit' model. The Euclidean model estimated that 82% of the population in the districts lived within commonly used target of 5 km of government health services; 78% when adjusted for competition; while the best-fit model further reduced the estimate to 63%. The models could not be scaled-up to national level due to paucity of appropriate data at this level.

Conclusions: Adjustment of models for competition improves their predictive accuracies. The Euclidean model commonly used to measure access estimates 19% (6 million) more people nationwide than the best-fit model to have access to government health. This has major implications for measurement of health development goals. To redress the situation, more research needs to be done in defining spatial access better by including all the key spatial and aspatial parameters. Ultimately, the use of the best access model at the national level requires the development of more and higher-resolution spatial and empirical data.
Supercuspidal characters of reductive p-adic groups
Creators: name: Spice, Loren
name: Adler, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.); Texas Christian University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences

description: We compute the characters of many supercuspidal representations of reductive p-adic groups. Specifically, we deal with representations that arise via Yu's construction front data satisfying a certain compactness condition. Each character is expressed in terms of a depth-zero character of a smaller group, the (linear) characters appearing in Yu's construction, Fourier transforms of orbital integrals, and certain signs and cardinalities that are described explicitly in terms of the datum associated to the representation and of the element at which the character is evaluated.
Supercuspidal characters of reductive p-adic groups
Creators: name: Spice, Loren
name: Adler, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We compute the characters of many supercuspidal representations of reductive p-adic groups. Specifically, we deal with representations that arise via Yu's construction front data satisfying a certain compactness condition. Each character is expressed in terms of a depth-zero character of a smaller group, the (linear) characters appearing in Yu's construction, Fourier transforms of orbital integrals, and certain signs and cardinalities that are described explicitly in terms of the datum associated to the representation and of the element at which the character is evaluated.
Attractor Behavior of Phantom Cosmology
Creators: name: Guo, Zong-Kuan
name: Piao, Yun-Song
name: Zhang, Yuan-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the cosmological attractor of the minimally coupled, self-interacting phantom field with a positive energy density but negative pressure. It is proved that the phantom cosmology is rigid in the sense that there exists a unique attractor solution. We plot the trajectories in the phase space numerically for the phantom field with three typical potentials. Phase portraits indicate that an initial kinetic term decays rapidly and the trajectories reach the unique attractor curve. We find that the curve corresponds to the slow-climb solution.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX2e
Supercuspidal characters of SL2 over a p-adic field
Creators: name: Spice, Loren
name: Adler, Jeffrey
name: DeBacker, Stephen
name: Sally, Jr., Paul J.
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.); University of Michigan Ann Arbor; University of Chicago; Texas Christian University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 49
subject: Mathematical sciences

description: Description to be added
Additional file 1 of The effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell co-transplantation with hematopoietic stem cells on liver fibrosis alleviation and survival in patients with class III β-thalassemia major
Creators: name: Rostami, Tahereh
name: Kasaeian, Amir
name: Maleki, Nasrollah
name: Nikbakht, Mohsen
name: Azadeh Kiumarsi
name: Tavangar, Seyed Mohammad
name: Taheri, Amir Pejman Hashemi
name: Seied Asadollah Mousavi
name: Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Methodological Appendix.
Circular Wilson loop in N=2* super Yang-Mills theory at two loops and localization
Creators: name: Belitsky, A. V.
name: Korchemsky, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a two-loop calculation of the supersymmetric circular Wilson loop in the N=2* super Yang-Mills theory on the four-sphere. We develop an efficient framework for computing contributing Feynman graphs that relies on using the embedding coordinates combined with the Mellin-Barnes techniques for propagator-like integrals on the sphere. Our results exactly match predictions of supersymmetric localization providing a nontrivial consistency check for the latter in non-conformal settings.
description: 37 pages, 1 figure
An Isolated White Dwarf with 317-Second Rotation and Magnetic Emission
Creators: name: Reding, Joshua S.
name: Hermes, J. J.
name: Vanderbosch, Z.
name: Dennihy, E.
name: Kaiser, B. C.
name: Mace, C. B.
name: Dunlap, B. H.
name: Clemens, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of short-period photometric variability and modulated Zeeman-split hydrogen emission in SDSSJ125230.93-023417.72 (EPIC 228939929), a variable white dwarf star observed at long cadence in \textit{K2} Campaign 10. The behavior is associated with a magnetic ($B=5.0$ MG) spot on the stellar surface, making the $317.278$-second period a direct measurement of the stellar rotation rate. This object is therefore the fastest-rotating apparently isolated (without a stellar companion) white dwarf yet discovered, and the second found to exhibit chromospheric Balmer emission after GD 356, in which the emission has been attributed to a unipolar inductor mechanism driven by a possible rocky planet. We explore the properties and behavior of this object, and consider whether its evolution may hold implications for white dwarf mergers and their remnants.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Dimension of locally and asymptotically self-similar spaces
Creators: name: Buyalo, Sergei
name: Lebedeva, Nina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We obtain two in a sense dual to each other results: First, that the capacity dimension of every compact, locally self-similar metric space coincides with the topological dimension, and second, that the asymptotic dimension of a metric space, which is asymptotically similar to its compact subspace coincides with the topological dimension of the subspace. As an application of the first result, we prove the Gromov conjecture that the asymptotic dimension of every hyperbolic group G equals the topological dimension of its boundary at infinity plus 1, asdim G=dim(dG)+1. As an application of the second result, we construct Pontryagin surfaces for the asymptotic dimension, in particular, those are first examples of metric spaces X, Y with asdim(X x Y)
description: 29 pages; this is an essentially extended and improved version of our paper `Capacity dimension of locally self-similar spaces'
Supersymmetric Protection and the Swampland
Creators: name: Palti, Eran
name: Vafa, Cumrun
name: Weigand, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For certain terms in the action, supersymmetry can forbid an infinite number of possible contributions. We study whether such protection can occur in quantum gravity even without sufficient supersymmetry. We focus on whether the superpotential can vanish exactly in four-dimensional N=1 theories, and if the prepotential can be exactly cubic in N=2 theories. We investigate these questions in string theory and find that for almost all known string constructions the corrections allowed by supersymmetry do occur. However, we do find some special settings where all the corrections can be proven to vanish. These examples all share the common feature that they are related, through a certain orbifolding by a discrete gauged R-symmetry element, to a higher supersymmetric theory. Motivated by these results, we propose a Swampland criterion that any theory which enjoys such protection beyond its realised supersymmetry must have a direct connection to a higher supersymmetric theory.
description: 44 pages
Thermoelectric power factor of pure and doped ZnSb via DFT based defect calculations
Creators: name: Berche, A.
name: Jund, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The power factor of pure p-type ZnSb has been calculated via ab initio simulations assuming that the carrier concentrations are due to the doping effect of intrinsic zinc vacancies. With a vacancy concentration close to the experimental solubility limit we were able to perfectly reproduce the Power Factor measured in polycrystalline ZnSb samples. The methodology has then been successfully extended for predicting the effect of extrinsic doping elements on the thermoelectric properties of ZnSb. Germanium and tin seem to be promising p-type doping elements. In addition, we give, for the first time, an explanation of why it is difficult to synthesize polycrystalline n-type ZnSb samples. Indeed, compensative effects between intrinsic defects (zinc vacancies) and doping elements (Ga, or In) explain the existence of an optimal (and relatively high) dopant concentration necessary to convert ZnSb into an n-type semiconductor.
Nonlinear dynamics of soft boson collective excitations in hot QCD plasma II: plasmon -- hard-particle scattering and energy losses
Creators: name: Markov, Y. A.
name: Markova, M. A.
name: Vall, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a general line with our first work (Ann.Phys.302(2002),172; hep-ph/0207316), within hard thermal loop approximation a general theory of the scattering for an arbitrary number of colorless plasmons off hard thermal particles of hot QCD-medium is considered. Using generalized Tsytovich correspondence principle, a connection between matrix elements of the scattering processes and a certain effective current, generating these processes is established. The iterative procedure of calculation of these matrix elements is defined, and a problem of their gauge-invariance is discussed. An application of developed theory to a problem of calculating energy losses of energetic color particle propagating through QCD-medium is considered. It is shown that for limiting value of the plasmon occupation number ($\sim 1/g^2$, where $g$ is a strong coupling) energy losses caused by spontaneous scattering process of energetic particle off soft-gluon waves is of the same order in the coupling as other known losses type: collision and radiation ones. The Fokker-Planck equation, describing decceleration (acceleration) and diffusion in momentum space of beam of energetic color particles scattering off soft excitations of quark-gluon plasma, is derived.
description: 62 pages, 10 EPS figures
Neutron-superfluid vortices and proton-superconductor flux tubes: Development of a minimal model for pulsar glitches
Creators: name: Shukla, Sanjay
name: Brachet, Marc E.
name: Pandit, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theoretical framework that allows us to explore the coupled motion of neutron-superfluid vortices and proton-superconductor flux tubes in a gravitationally collapsed condensate, which describe neutron stars that form pulsars. Our framework uses the 3D Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson-Equation (GPPE) for neutron Cooper pairs, the Real-Time-Ginzburg-Landau equation (RTGLE) for proton Cooper pairs, the Maxwell equations for the vector potential ${\bf A}$, and Newtonian gravity and interactions, both direct and induced by the Poisson equation, between the neutron and proton subsystems. For a pulsar we include a crust potential, characterized by an angle $θ$, and frictional drag. By carrying out extensive direct numerical simulations, we obtain a variety of interesting results. We show that a rotating proton superconductor generates a uniform London magnetic field, which changes the field distribution inside flux tubes. In the absence of any direct interaction between the two species, they interact through the gravitational Poisson equation. The presence of attractive (repulsive) density-density interaction leads to the attraction (repulsion) between neutron vortices and proton flux tubes. The inclusion of the current-current interaction and the complete Maxwell equations allows us to quantify the entrainment effect that leads to induced magnetization of neutron vortices. We show that, with a strong external magnetic field ${\bf B}_{\rm ext}$, proton flux tubes are anchored to the crust, whereas neutron vortices leave the condensate and lead to abrupt changes of the crust angular momentum ${\rm J}_c$. The frictional term in the dynamical equation for $θ$ yields stick-slip dynamics that leads, in turn, to glitches in the time series of ${\rm J}_c$. By calculating various statistical properties of this time series, we demonstrate that they display self-organised criticality(SOC).
description: 18 pages, 13 figures
title: Neural and synaptic plasticity in the chick brain after passive avoidance learning
Creators: name: Nikolakopoulou, Ageliki Maria
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2005

description: The avian hippocampus (Hp) is believed to be homologous to mammalian hippocampus both from a developmental and an anatomical view-point. In one-day old domestic chicks (Gallus domesticus), studies have demonstrated that it may play a key role in the acquisition of one trial passive avoidance learning (PAL) where the aversive experience is exposure to a bitter tasting substance, methyl anthranilate.

In the present study, following PAL the numerical density of asymmetric axospinous synapses decreased by 36% in the dorsal Hp of the right hemisphere of MeA trained compared to control birds, 6 hours after training. In contrast, 24h post PAL there is a 33% decrease in numerical density of asymmetric axodendritic synapses in the MeA trained group in relation to the same area of control chicks.

Cell proliferation studies using the thymidine analogue, bromodeoxyuridine, (BrdU) demonstrated a 47% reduction in cell proliferation in the dorsal Hp of the MeA trained group 24h later in comparison with controls, which disappears after 9 days. In nucleus taeniae of amygdala and the arcopallium dorsale and intermediale, there are no differences between birds 24h or 9 days post BrdU injection but in olfactory bulb of MeA trained chicks cell labelling increases by 95% and 71.4% respectively, compared to control and water-trained birds, 24 h after PAL. The increase is more dramatic 9 days post PAL, when the MeA-trained group shows a 259% and 314% increase respectively in relation to control and water-trained animals. Following PAL apoptotic studies in the Hp 24h, 5 and 9 days post BrdU injection demonstrated that there were no differences in cell death between the different groups.

Radioimmunoassay measurements of cortisol in chick forebrain tissue demonstrated longer term increase in levels of steroid in the chick Hp compared to arcopallium and striatum mediale 20 minutes after training, indicating that PAL is a stressful experience which may explain synaptic density and cell proliferation reduction observed after PAL.
Limited Modified Gravity
Creators: name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically assess several limiting cases of modified gravity, where particular theoretical or observational conditions hold. This framework includes the well known scalar-tensor gravity and No Slip Gravity and No Run Gravity, and we extend it to three new limits: Only Run, Only Light, and Only Growth Gravities. These limits give simplifications that allow deeper understanding of modified gravity, including demonstration that gravitational effects on light and matter can have opposite signs in their deviation from general relativity. We also show observational predictions for the different cosmic structure growth rates $fσ_8$ and the ratio of gravitational wave standard siren luminosity to photon standard candle luminosity distance relations, defining a new statistic $D_G$ that emphasizes their complementarity and ability to distinguish models.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Like me, like you – relative importance of peers and siblings on children’s fast food consumption and screen time but not sports club participation depends on age
Creators: name: Bogl, Leonie H.
name: Mehlig, Kirsten
name: Ahrens, Wolfgang
name: Gwozdz, Wencke
name: Henauw, Stefaan De
name: Molnár, Dénes
name: Moreno, Luis
name: Pigeot, Iris
name: Russo, Paola
name: Solea, Antonia
name: Veidebaum, Toomas
name: Kaprio, Jaakko
name: Lissner, Lauren
name: Hebestreit, Antje
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. eTable 1 IDEFICS/I.Family communities in 8 European countries
General Probabilistic Theories with a Gleason-type Theorem
Creators: name: Wright, Victoria J
name: Weigert, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gleason-type theorems for quantum theory allow one to recover the quantum state space by assuming that (i) states consistently assign probabilities to measurement outcomes and that (ii) there is a unique state for every such assignment. We identify the class of general probabilistic theories which also admit Gleason-type theorems. It contains theories satisfying the no-restriction hypothesis as well as others which can simulate such an unrestricted theory arbitrarily well when allowing for post-selection on measurement outcomes. Our result also implies that the standard no-restriction hypothesis applied to effects is not equivalent to the dual no-restriction hypothesis applied to states which is found to be less restrictive.
Spatially-resolved UV diagnostics of AGN feedback: radiation pressure dominates in a prototypical quasar-driven superwind
Creators: name: Somalwar, Jean
name: Johnson, Sean D.
name: Stern, Jonathan
name: Goulding, Andy D.
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Alexandroff, Rachael M.
name: Chen, Hsiao-Wen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic-scale winds driven by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are often invoked to suppress star formation in galaxy evolution models, but the mechanisms driving these outflows are hotly debated. Two key AGN feedback models are (1) radiation pressure accelerating cool gas and (2) a hot outflowing wind entraining the ISM. Highly ionized emission-line diagnostics represent a powerful means of differentiating these scenarios because of their sensitivity to the expected compression of the ISM clouds by the hot wind. Here, we report the first spatially resolved UV emission spectroscopy of a prototypical (radio-quiet) quasar-driven superwind around the obscured quasar SDSSJ1356+1026 at z=0.123. We observe ratios of OVI/CIV, NV/CIV, and CIV/HeII that are remarkably similar for outflowing gas clouds <100 pc and ~10 kpc from the nucleus. Such similarity is expected for clouds with AGN radiation pressure dominated dynamics. Comparing the observed line emission to models of clouds in balance with radiation pressure and/or a hot wind, we rule out the presence of a dynamically important hot wind and constrain the ratio of hot gas pressure to radiation pressure to P_hot/P_rad<0.25 both at <100 pc and ~10 kpc from the nucleus. Moreover, the predictions of the radiation pressure confined cloud models that best fit observed UV line ratios are consistent with the observed diffuse X-ray spectrum. These results indicate that this AGN superwind is driven by radiation pressure or was driven by a hot wind that has since dissipated despite on-going AGN activity.
description: Accepted to ApJ Letters. 11 pages, 5 figures and 1 table
title: Isogeometric collocation methods for Cosserat rods and rod structures
Creators: name: Weeger, Oliver
name: Yeung, Sai-Kit
name: Dunn, Martin L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2022

description: We present a novel method for the mechanical simulation of slender, elastic, spatial rods and rod structures subject to large deformation and rotation. We develop an isogeometric collocation method for the geomet-rically exact, nonlinear Cosserat rod theory. The rod centerlines are represented as spatial NURBS curvesand cross-section orientations are parameterized in terms of unit quaternions as 4-dimensional NURBS curves. Within the isogeometric framework, the strong forms of the equilibrium equations of forces and moments of the discretized Cosserat model are collocated, leading to an efficient method for higher-order discretizations. For rod structures consisting of multiple, connected rods we introduce a formulation withrigid, quasi-G1-coupling. It is based on the strong enforcement of continuity of displacement and change of cross-section orientation at interfaces. We also develop a mixed isogeometric formulation, which is basedon an independent discretization of internal forces and moments and alleviates shear locking for thin rods. The novel rod simulation methods are verified by numerical convergence studies. Further computational examples include realistic applications with large deformations and rotations, as well as a large-scale rodstructure with several hundreds of coupled rods and complex buckling behavior.
Spinning Bar and a Star-formation Inefficient Repertoire: Turbulence in Hickson Compact Group NGC7674
Creators: name: Salim, Diane M.
name: Alatalo, Katherine
name: Federrath, Christoph
name: Groves, Brent
name: Kewley, Lisa J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physics regulating star formation (SF) in Hickson Compact Groups (HCG) has thus far been difficult to describe, due to their unique kinematic properties. In this study we expand upon previous works to devise a more physically meaningful SF relation able to better encompass the physics of these unique systems. We combine CO(1--0) data from the Combined Array from Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA) to trace the column density of molecular gas $Σ_\mathrm{gas}$ and deep H$α$ imaging taken on the Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope tracing $Σ_\mathrm{SFR}$ to investigate star formation efficiency across face-on HCG, NGC7674. We find a lack of universality in star formation, with two distinct sequences present in the $Σ_\mathrm{gas}-Σ_\mathrm{SFR}$ plane; one for inside and one for outside the nucleus. We devise a SF relation based on the multi-freefall nature of gas and the critical density, which itself is dependent on the virial parameter $α_{\mathrm{vir}}$, the ratio of turbulent to gravitational energy. We find that our modified SF relation fits the data and describes the physics of this system well with the introduction of a virial parameter of about 5--10 across the galaxy. This $α_{\mathrm{vir}}$ leads to an order-of-magnitude reduction in SFR compared to $α_{\mathrm{vir}}\approx 1$ systems.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
PROTOTYPE AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY TEACHING
Creators: name: Shoira Nosirova Olimovna Tashkent University of Economics Samarkand Branch English teacher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This article explores how prototype theory can be applied to the teaching of English vocabulary. It discusses both theoretical underpinnings and practical strategies, including classroom activities, material design, and student engagement techniques. The goal is to demonstrate how a prototype-based approach can enhance vocabulary learning by aligning instruction with the way learners naturally categorize and internalize new words.

Key words: global education, deep understanding, prototypical, rote memorization, educational design
Planetary evolution with atmospheric photoevaporation I. Analytical derivation and numerical study of the evaporation valley and transition from super-Earths to sub-Neptunes
Creators: name: Mordasini, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations have revealed in the Kepler data a depleted region separating smaller super-Earths from larger sub-Neptunes. This can be explained as an evaporation valley between planets with and without H/He that is caused by atmospheric escape. First, we conduct numerical simulations of the evolution of close-in low-mass planets with H/He undergoing escape. Second, we develop an analytical model for the valley locus. We find that the bottom of the valley quantified by the radius of the largest stripped core $R_{\rm b}$ at a given orbital distance depends only weakly on post-formation H/He mass. The reason is that a high initial H/He mass means that there is more gas to evaporate, but also that the planet density is lower, increasing loss. Regarding stellar $L_{\rm XUV}$, $R_{\rm b}$ scales as $L_{\rm XUV}^{0.135}$. The same weak dependency applies to the efficiency factor $\varepsilon$ of energy-limited evaporation. As found numerically and analytically, $R_{\rm b}$ varies as function of orbital period $P$ for a constant $\varepsilon$ as $P^{-2 p_{\rm c}/3}\approx P^{-0.18}$ where $M \propto R^{p_{\rm c}}$ is the mass-radius relation of solid cores. $R_{\rm b}$ is about 1.7 $R_{\oplus}$ at a 10-day orbit for an Earth-like composition, increasing linearly with ice mass fraction. The numerical results are explained very well with the analytical model where complete evaporation occurs if the temporal integral over the stellar XUV irradiation absorbed by the planet is larger than binding energy of the envelope in the gravitational potential of the core. The weak dependency on primordial H/He mass, $L_{\rm XUV}$ and $\varepsilon$ explains why observationally the valley is visible, and why theoretically models find similar results. At the same time, given the large observed spread of $L_{\rm XUV}$, the dependency on it is still strong enough to explain why the valley is not completely empty.
description: 32 pages, 16 figures. Accepted to A&A
Substrate surface engineering for tailoring properties of functional ceramic thin films
Creators: name: Habermeier, H. -U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using oxide substrates for functional ceramic thin film deposition beyond their usual application as chemical inert, lattice-matched support for the films represents a novel concept in ceramic thin film research. The substrates are applied as a functional element in order to controllably modify the atom arrangement and the growth mode of ceramic prototype materials such as cuprate superconductors and colossal magnetoresistance manganites. One example is the use of epitaxial strain to adjust the relative positions of cations and anions in the film and thus modify their physical properties. The other makes use of vicinal cut SrTiO3 which enables the fabrication of regular nanoscale step and terrace structures. In YBa2Cu3O7-x thin films grown on vicinal cut SrTiO3 single crystals a regular array of antiphase boundaries is generated causing an anisotropic enhancement of flux-line pinning. In the case of La-Ca-Mn-O thin films grown on vicinal cut substrates it could be demonstrated that magnetic in-plane anisotropy is achieved.
description: 6 pages
All-fiber, near-infrared, laser system at 780nm for atom cooling
Creators: name: Marchesini, Matteo
name: Dondi, Michelangelo
name: Rossi, Leonardo
name: Bolognini, Gabriele
name: Prevedelli, Marco
name: Minardi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the prominent platforms for quantum technologies, cold atoms require reliable laser systems. We present the design, implementation, and characterization of a simple, compact, and economical laser system at 780 nm, entirely based on fiber components. Two semiconductor lasers at 1560 nm are amplified in a single Erbium-doped fiber amplifier and frequency-doubled in a periodically-poled lithium niobate crystal. We characterize the amplitude noise and the linewidths of the lasers, as well as the SHG efficiency. With a rms relative amplitude noise of 3$\times$10$^{-4}$ at 1 s and linewidths below 1 MHz, our system is suitable for cooling and trapping of Rb atoms.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Optics Continuum, revised version of the manuscript after first round of peer-review
Additional file 2 of Clinical performance of lung ultrasound in predicting ARDS morphology
Creators: name: Costamagna, Andrea
name: Pivetta, Emanuele
name: Goffi, Alberto
name: Steinberg, Irene
name: Arina, Pietro
name: Mazzeo, Anna Teresa
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo Del
name: Veglia, Simona
name: Davini, Ottavio
name: Brazzi, Luca
name: V. Marco Ranieri
name: Fanelli, Vito
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary material and methods and results.
Additional file 1 of Knowledge and practice of health extension workers on drug provision for childhood illness in west Gojjam, Amhara, Northwest Ethiopia
Creators: name: Befekadu, Ager
name: Mezgebu Yitayal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Questionnaire for assessing the knowledge and practice of HEWs on drug provision for childhood illnessess.
Spin Waves as Metric in a Kinetic Space-Time
Creators: name: Saul, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1) A wave equation is derived from the kinetic equations governing media with rotational as well as translational degrees of freedom. In this wave the fluctuating quantity is a vector, the bulk spin. The transmission is similar to compressive waves but propagation is possible even in the limit of incompressibility, where such disturbances could become dominant. 2) In this context a kinetic theory of space-time is introduced, in which hypothetical constituents of the space-time manifold possess such a rotational degree of freedom (spin). Physical fields (i.e. electromagnetic or gravitational) in such a theory are represented as moments of a statistical distribution of these constituents. The spin wave equation from 1) is treated as a candidate for governing light and metric. Such a theory duplicates to first order Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism, Schrodinger's equation for the electron, and the Lorentz transformations of special relativity. Slight deviations from the classical approach are predicted and should be experimentally verifiable.
description: 13 pages + errata
VLBI observations of the H2O gigamaser in TXS2226-184
Creators: name: Surcis, G.
name: Tarchi, A.
name: Castangia, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Outside the Milky Way, the most luminous H2O masers at 22 GHz, called 'megamasers' because of their extreme luminosity with respect to the Galactic and extragalactic H2O masers associated with star formation, are mainly detected in active galactic nuclei. In the case of the H2O maser detected in the nuclear region of the galaxy TXS2226-184 for the first time the term 'gigamaser' was used. However, the origin of this very luminous H2O maser emission has never been investigated into details. We study the nature of the H2O gigamaser in TXS2226-184 by measuring for the first time its absolute position at mas resolution, by comparing the morphology and characteristics of the maser emission at the VLBI scales after about 20 years, and by trying to detect its polarized emission. We observed the maser emission towards TXS2226-184 three times: the very first one with the VLBA (epoch 2017.45) and the next two times with the EVN (epochs 2017.83 and 2018.44). The first two epochs were observed in phase-reference mode, while the last epoch was observed in full-polarization mode but not in phase-reference mode to increase the on-source integration time. We also retrieved and analyzed the VLBA archival data at 22 GHz of TXS2226-184 observed in 1998.40. We detected 6 H2O maser features in epoch 2017.45 (VLBA), one in epoch 2017.83 (EVN), and two in epoch 2018.44 (EVN). All of them but one are red-shifted with respect to the systemic velocity of TXS2226-184, we detected only one blue-shifted maser feature and it is the weakest one. For the first time, we were able to measure the absolute position of the H2O maser features with errors below 1 mas. No linear and circular polarization was detected. We were able to associate the H2O maser features in TXS2226-184 with the most luminous radio continuum clump reported in the literature.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics