cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Examining Pathogen-Based Import Refusals: Trends and Analysis From 2002 to 2019
Creators: name: Ahn, Jae-Wan
name: Rhodes, M. Taylor
name: Ahn, Jae-Wan
name: Rhodes, M. Taylor
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Import refusals
subject: pathogen
subject: toxin
subject: foreign food inspection
subject: food imports
subject: Salmonella
subject: Listeria
subject: vibrio
subject: shigella
subject: OASIS
subject: PREDICT
subject: food safety oversight

description: Identifying adulterants in imported foods and refusing contaminated shipments help minimize the risk of foodborne illness from foreign products and are essential to keep U.S. consumers safe. This report uses import refusal data from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2002 to 2019 to explore import refusals based on contamination with pathogens and toxins. The report examines trends in total, annually, by industry, and by country. The analysis helps identify which pathogen/toxin is the most common in refused imports, which industries are the most frequently refused in total and by pathogen/toxin type, which countries are the most frequently refused in total and by pathogen/toxin type, and what changes occurred over time. From 2002 to 2019, Salmonella violations accounted for nearly 79.8 percent of all pathogen/toxin violations, followed by Listeria at 11 percent. By food industry group, most pathogen/toxin violations occurred in fishery and seafood products (44.1 percent), followed by spices, flavors, and salts (26.3 percent). Shipments from India, Mexico, and Vietnam accounted for 22.9 percent, 14.9 percent, and 8.6 percent of import refusals due to pathogen/toxin violations, respectively. This report has a limited understanding of which factors affect the refusals because the dataset does not have the volume of shipments inspected, and the FDA inspected only a small percent of the shipment, not randomly, based on the previous history.
Impact synergies, institutions, and food security: an evaluation methodology with empirical results
Creators: name: Saleth, Rathinasamy Maria
name: Dinar, Ariel
name: Saleth, Rathinasamy Maria
name: Dinar, Ariel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Food security
subject: Institutions
subject: Models
subject: Sri Lanka
subject: Kala Oya Basin

description: Paper presented at the Brownbag Seminar at IFPRI, Washington DC, USA, 29 October 2007
Rebrightening in GRBs by Precessing Jet
Creators: name: Fargion, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A clear gamma polarization in the gamma signals from GRB021206 probes the presence of a very thin collimated jet (opening angle Deltaθ< 0.6^o, (DeltaΩ)Ω< 2.5 10^-5) in Gamma Ray Burst, GRBs. The last and well proved GRB030329/SN2003dh time and space coincidence confirms definitively the earliest GRB980425/SN1998bw connection among GRB and Supernova. The apparent extreme GRBs luminosity is just the extreme beamed blazing gamma Jet observed in axis during a Supernova birth. The late relic GRBs sources may be found in compact SNRs core, as NS or BH jets; at much later epoch, their lower power gamma jets may be within detectability only from nearby galactic distances, as Soft Gamma Repeaters (SGRs) or anomalous X-ray Pulsars, AXPs. This common Jet nature explain some connection between GRBs and SGRs spectra. The geometrical multi-precessing beaming and their reappearance to the observer may explain the puzzling presence of X-Ray precursors in GRBs as well as in SGRs. A mysterious re-brightening afterglows observed in early and late GRB 030329 optical transient, like in the 27 August 1998 and 18 April 2001 SGR 1900+14 events, might be understood as the damped oscillatory imprint left by such a multi-precessing gamma-X-Optical and Radio Jet.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AMONG COUNTRIES OF THE ARAB EAST
Creators: name: Reachard, Danny Joe
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study finds that the states of the Arab East can be divided into three types, for each of which traditional economic integration holds as much threat as promise. Oil-producing states of the Gulf and Peninsula typically pursue policies of exporting oil to the West in return for Western manufactured goods. The trade barriers of a customs union or common market would severely constrict such trade. Entrepot states--notably Lebanon and Bahrain--which have tied their economic existence to serving the relationship between oil producers and the West would find their economic interests similarly damaged. A third group of states more closely resembles the traditional developing nation pattern, and attempts to stimulate trade among them face problems common to other attempts to promote trade among states producing the same mix of products. In addition, deep political divisions exist among these latter states. Not surprisingly, attempts to stimulate trade among the region's states have failed. The argument has recently been advanced that movements of labor and money within the region indicate a "natural" integration among the region's "capital-rich/labor-poor" oil-producing states and its "capital-poor/labor-rich" non-oil-producers. This study finds the above argument largely invalid. Movements of labor and money have led to increased interdependence among the region's economies, but not to greater integration among them. It is argued here that movements of labor and money in the region are not movements of factors of production, as they are often called, but are means of redistribution of oil revenues among the region's states. An Arab oil economy has developed--a system in which the political stability of both oil-producing and non-oil-producing states depends on the redistribution of oil wealth--but not an Arab economy as is usually argued.
Flared Disks and Silicate Emission in Young Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Mohanty, Subhanjoy
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Natta, Antonella
name: Fujiyoshi, Takuya
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Navascues, David Barrado y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present mid-infrared photometry of three very young brown dwarfs located in the $ρ$ Ophiuchi star-forming region -- GY5, GY11 and GY310 --obtained with the Subaru 8-meter telescope. All three sources were detected at 8.6 and 11.7$μ$m, confirming the presence of significant mid-infrared excess arising from optically thick dusty disks. The spectral energy distributions of both GY310 and GY11 exhibit strong evidence of flared disks; flat disks can be ruled out for these two brown dwarfs. The data for GY5 show large scatter, and are marginally consistent with both flared and flat configurations. Inner holes a few substellar radii in size are indicated in all three cases (and especially in GY11), in agreement with magnetospheric accretion models. Finally, our 9.7$μ$m flux for GY310 implies silicate emission from small grains on the disk surface (though the data do not completely preclude larger grains with no silicate feature). Our results demonstrate that disks around young substellar objects are analogous to those girdling classical T Tauri stars, and exhibit a similar range of disk geometries and dust properties.
description: submitted to Astrophysical Journal Letters
Optimal convergence rates for goal-oriented FEM with quadratic goal functional
Creators: name: Becker, Roland
name: Innerberger, Michael
name: Praetorius, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a linear elliptic PDE and a quadratic goal functional. The goal-oriented adaptive FEM algorithm (GOAFEM) solves the primal as well as a dual problem, where the goal functional is always linearized around the discrete primal solution at hand. We show that the marking strategy proposed in [Feischl et al, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 54 (2016)] for a linear goal functional is also optimal for quadratic goal functionals, i.e., GOAFEM leads to linear convergence with optimal convergence rates.
Gauge fields-strings duality and tensionless superstrings
Creators: name: Savvidy, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The duality map between gauge theories and strings suggests that when the gauge theory is in the weak coupling regime the dual string tension effectively tends to zero, $α' \to \infty$. This observation of Sundborg and Witten initiates a fresh interest to the old problem of tensionless limit of standard string theory and to the description of its genuine symmetries. We approach this problem formulating tensionless string theory by means of geometrical concept of surface perimeter. The perimeter action uniquely leads to a tensionless string theory.
description: Latex file, 19 pages
On the self-adjointness of H+A*+A
Creators: name: Posilicano, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $H:D(H)\subseteq{\mathscr F}\to{\mathscr F}$ be self-adjoint and let $A:D(H)\to{\mathscr F}$ (playing the role of the annihilator operator) be $H$-bounded. Assuming some additional hypotheses on $A$ (so that the creation operator $A^{*}$ is a singular perturbation of $H$), by a twofold application of a resolvent Krein-type formula, we build self-adjoint realizations $\hat H$ of the formal Hamiltonian $H+A^{*}+A$ with $D(H)\cap D(\hat H)=\{0\}$. We give an explicit characterization of $D(\hat H)$ and provide a formula for the resolvent difference $(-\hat H+z)^{-1}-(-H+z)^{-1}$. Moreover, we consider the problem of the description of $\hat H$ as a (norm resolvent) limit of sequences of the kind $H+A^{*}_{n}+A_{n}+E_{n}$, where the $A_{n}\!$'s are regularized operators approximating $A$ and the $E_{n}$'s are suitable renormalizing bounded operators. These results show the connection between the construction of singular perturbations of self-adjoint operators by Krein's resolvent formula and nonperturbative theory of renormalizable models in Quantum Field Theory; in particular, as an explicit example, we consider the Nelson model.
description: Final version, to appear in Mathematical Physics, Analysis and Geometry
Shock-cloud interaction in the Vela SNR observed with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Miceli, M.
name: Bocchino, F.
name: Maggio, A.
name: Reale, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed an XMM-Newton EPIC observation of a bright knot, named FilD, in the northern rim of the Vela SNR, where the shock has encountered a cloud. The good combination of sensitivity, spectral, and spatial resolution allowed us to describe the internal structure of the observed ISM clouds and to obtain estimates of their temperature, density, O, Ne, and Fe abundances, and of their extension along the line of sight. We also examined the interaction of the shock with the FilD knot and estimated that the time elapsed from the shock impact is about one cloud crushing time. Our analysis allowed us to conclude that the observed X-ray emission is best explained by the propagation of transmitted shocks through ISM inhomogeneities with an inward increasing density profile. We found that the interaction with the shock determines the heating of the inner part of the clouds and the evaporation of the outer part.
description: To be published in A&A. Received 27 August 2004 / accepted 8 June 2005 For the complete version of the paper, with all the figures included, please see http://www.astropa.unipa.it/Library/preprint.html
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EXPRESSED VOCATIONAL PREFERENCES OF SAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN
Creators: name: Fallon, Barbara Ann
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study compared the expressed vocational preferences of traditional (18-21 years old) and non-traditional ((GREATERTHEQ)25 years old) undergraduate women regarding their vocational preferences, as assessed through six scales of the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) (Holland, 1978), and drew implications from the findings regarding the need for differentiation in the nature and delivery of career counseling and development services for these women. Six hypotheses (three non-directional and three directional) were postulated. Each pertained to one VPI scale. Four samples of 200 students each (two traditional and two non-traditional), were randomly selected from The American University (AU) and George Mason University (GMU). Study data were elicited through a Personal Data Form and a VPI by mail from each student. The overall return rate was 75%. Hypotheses were tested using t-tests. The standard for significance was .05. Significant differences were found between the Enterprising Scale mean scores for traditional and non-traditional undergraduate women from both universities. A significant difference was found between the Intellectual Scale mean scores for the AU samples. These findings indicate that the traditional undergraduates have stronger interests than their non-traditional counterparts for "Enterprising" occupations (sales and/or business-related). Findings also indicate that the AU non-traditional sample as compared with the AU traditional sample has a greater preference for "Intellectual" careers (math and science). No significant differences were found between the Realistic, Social, Conventional, and Artistic Scales' mean scores for traditional and non-traditional undergraduate women from each university. These findings suggest that these women, regardless of traditional or non-traditional classification, have essentially similar vocational interests for careers associated with these scales. When considered in terms of Holland's six scales, in general, study findings warrant the conclusion that the vocational preferences of traditional and non-traditional undergraduate women are more similar than different. The overall implication is that AU, GMU, and other institutions of higher education with similar student populations need not differentiate extensively their career counseling programs/services for women along traditional and non-traditional classifications.
Invisible Axion Search Methods
Creators: name: Sikivie, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the late 1970's, the axion was proposed as a solution to the Strong CP Problem, i.e. the puzzle why the strong interactions conserve parity P and the product CP of charge conjugation and parity in spite of the fact that the Standard Model of elementary particles as a whole violates those symmetries. The original axion was soon ruled out by laboratory experiments and astrophysical considerations, but a new version was invented which is much more weakly coupled and which evades the laboratory and astrophysical constraints. It was dubbed the invisible" axion. However, the axion cannot be arbitrarily weakly coupled because it is overproduced in the early universe by vacuum realignment in the limit of vanishing coupling. The axions produced by vacuum realignment are a form of cold dark matter today. The axion provides a solution then not only to the Strong CP Problem but also to the dark matter problem. Various methods have been proposed to search for dark matter axions and for axions emitted by the Sun. Their implementation and improvement has led to significant constraints on the notion of an invisible axion. Even purely laboratory methods may place significant constraints on invisible axions or axion-like particles. This review discusses the various methods that have been proposed and provides theoretical derivations of their signals.
description: 89 pages, 7 figures, version to appear in Reviews of Modern Physics. A few references have been added. Additional small changes
Multi-stakeholder perspective in catchment management: case from Nepal
Creators: name: Pant, Dhruba
name: Bhatta, B.
name: Shrestha, Pratima
name: Pant, Dhruba
name: Bhatta, B.
name: Shrestha, Pratima
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Watersheds
subject: Catchment areas
subject: Community forestry
subject: Institutions
subject: Water users associations
subject: Fisheries
subject: Natural resources management
subject: Nepal
subject: Begnas Watershed

description: Paper presented at the 10th International River Symposium and Environmental Flows Conference, Brisbane, Australia, 2-6 September 2007
Adelpherupa typicota
Creators: name: Maes, K. V. N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Adelpherupa
Adelpherupa typicota

description: Adelpherupa typicota (Meyrick)
(gure 1d, 2a, 3c, 4d)
 Schoenoplaca typicota Meyrick, 1933: 375
 Limnopsares gymnastica Meyrick, 1934: 487 syn.n.
 Diagnosis. Valva distally broadened and rounded, cornutus with simple hook; zona glabra tympani with median sclerotization forming four short branches.
 Description. Ground colour light brown; fore wings elongated triangular, costa slightly bent near termen.
 Male genitalia. Uncus long, apically with some simple setae; valva distally broadened and rounded, numerous longitudinal folds present on inner side of valva; aedeagus short, cornutus as a rounded plate with a smaller plate consisting of a bunch (3–6) of short, broad spines.
 Female genitalia. Papillae anales membranous with long and short setae; sinus vaginalis with a transverse fold covered with minute spines; ostium bursae membranous, proximal part of ductus bursae (before ductus seminalis) bulbous and more sclerotized; corpus bursae elongated.
 Tympanal organs. Zona glabra tympani with a short median sclerotization consisting of four short branches not reaching the venulae secundae.
 Wing span. 22–34 mm.
 Distribution. Congo (DRC), Tanzania.
 Life cycle. Unknown.
 Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: Schoenoplaca typicota [Congo, D.R.C] Lulongha 9 October 1913 L. Burgeon, M418, R.Dét. w 2243, GPKM 14111 (MRAC); Lectotype: 1: Limnopsares gymnastica [Congo, DRC] Kibombo (P.O.) 27 June 1930 Ch.Seydel,M 1578, R.Dét. s2458, GPKM 14112 (MRAC).
 Additional material examined. [Congo, DRC]: 1: Eala June 1936 J. Ghesquière, GPKM 14127 (MRAC); 1: Leopoldville 21 May 1949 Dr Fontaine, GPKM 14129 (MRAC); 1: Eala November 1936 J. Ghesquière, GPKM 14113 (MRAC); 1: Leopoldville 25 April 1949 Dr Fontaine, GPKM 14124 (MRAC); 1: Kisale, Katanga distr. Congo Belge November 1926, Pyr.Br.Mus. Slide No. 20043 (BMNH); 1: Zaire River Exped. Mulenda nr Bukuma, 26ss03¾E, 08ss46¾S October 1974, Pyr.Br.Mus. Slide No. 20034 (BMNH); 1: Zaire River Exped. Kisingani 25ss11¾E, 00ss32¾N January 1975, Riverside clearing, rain forest remnants nearby, Pyr.Br.Mus. Slide No. 20033 (BMNH);1: Tanzania, Mpanda Sibwesa December 1972 J. Kielland, GPKM 777 (ABSRC).
description: Published as part of Maes, K. V. N., 2002, Revision of the genus Adelpherupa Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Schoenobiinae) with the description of ve new species, pp. 1707-1724 in Journal of Natural History 36 (14) on pages 1719-1720, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110061878, http://zenodo.org/record/4757434
Ionized gas and stellar kinematics of seventeen nearby spiral galaxies
Creators: name: Pizzella, A.
name: Corsini, E. M.
name: Vega-Beltran, J. C.
name: Bertola, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionized gas and stellar kinematics have been measured along the major axes of seventeen nearby spiral galaxies of intermediate to late morphological type. We discuss the properties of each sample galaxy distinguishing between those characterized by regular or peculiar kinematics. In most of the observed galaxies ionized gas rotates more rapidly than stars and have a lower velocity dispersion, as is to be expected if the gas is confined in the disc and supported by rotation while the stars are mostly supported by dynamical pressure. In a few objects, gas and stars show almost the same rotational velocity and low velocity dispersion, suggesting that their motion is dominated by rotation. Incorporating the spiral galaxies studied by Bertola et al. (1996), Corsini et al. (1999, 2003) and Vega Beltran et al. (2001) we have compiled a sample of 50 S0/a-Scd galaxies, for which the major-axis kinematics of the ionized gas and stars have been obtained with the same spatial (~1'') and spectral (~50km/s) resolution, and measured with the same analysis techniques. This allowed us to address the frequency of counterrotation in spiral galaxies. It turns out that less than 12% and less than 8% (at the 95% confidence level) of the sample galaxies host a counterrotating gaseous and stellar disc, respectively. The comparison with S0 galaxies suggests that the retrograde acquisition of small amounts of external gas gives rise to counterrotating gaseous discs only in gas-poor S0s, while in gas-rich spirals the newly acquired gas is swept away by the pre-existing gas. Counterrotating gaseous and stellar discs in spirals are formed only from the retrograde acquisition of large amounts of gas exceeding that of pre-existing gas, and subsequent star formation, respectively.
description: 14 pages, 33 figures, A&A accepted
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EXPRESSED VOCATIONAL PREFERENCES OF SAMPLES OF TRADITIONAL AND NON-TRADITIONAL UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN
Creators: name: Fallon, Barbara Ann
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: This study compared the expressed vocational preferences of traditional (18-21 years old) and non-traditional ((GREATERTHEQ)25 years old) undergraduate women regarding their vocational preferences, as assessed through six scales of the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) (Holland, 1978), and drew implications from the findings regarding the need for differentiation in the nature and delivery of career counseling and development services for these women. Six hypotheses (three non-directional and three directional) were postulated. Each pertained to one VPI scale. Four samples of 200 students each (two traditional and two non-traditional), were randomly selected from The American University (AU) and George Mason University (GMU). Study data were elicited through a Personal Data Form and a VPI by mail from each student. The overall return rate was 75%. Hypotheses were tested using t-tests. The standard for significance was .05. Significant differences were found between the Enterprising Scale mean scores for traditional and non-traditional undergraduate women from both universities. A significant difference was found between the Intellectual Scale mean scores for the AU samples. These findings indicate that the traditional undergraduates have stronger interests than their non-traditional counterparts for "Enterprising" occupations (sales and/or business-related). Findings also indicate that the AU non-traditional sample as compared with the AU traditional sample has a greater preference for "Intellectual" careers (math and science). No significant differences were found between the Realistic, Social, Conventional, and Artistic Scales' mean scores for traditional and non-traditional undergraduate women from each university. These findings suggest that these women, regardless of traditional or non-traditional classification, have essentially similar vocational interests for careers associated with these scales. When considered in terms of Holland's six scales, in general, study findings warrant the conclusion that the vocational preferences of traditional and non-traditional undergraduate women are more similar than different. The overall implication is that AU, GMU, and other institutions of higher education with similar student populations need not differentiate extensively their career counseling programs/services for women along traditional and non-traditional classifications.
Superfluid Phases of 3He in Aerogel
Creators: name: Fomin, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a phenomenological approach a criterion for a choice of forms of the order parameter of the superfluid phases of 3He in aerogel in a vicinity of the transition temperature is derived. The order parameter of bulk B-phase of 3He meets this criterion and that of the bulk A-phase doesn`t. A class of order parameters of Equal Spin Pairing (ESP) type meeting the derived criterion is discussed. Order parameters belonging to this class are proposed as candidates for the observed A-like superfluid phase of liquid 3He in aerogel. Effect of magnetic field on the order parameters of this class is considered.
description: On the page 7 the proof of criterion is corrected without a change of the result. In the last paragraph of Sec.6 an algebraic error is corrected
STEREOTYPIC PERCEPTIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF RACE, GENDER, AND SOCIAL CLASS CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGETS AND OBSERVERS
Creators: name: Pinderhughes, Victoria Anderson
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: The current study was undertaken to determine the relative influence of race, gender, and social class on stereotypical perceptions. These three variables were analyzed as target group characteristics, and as subject group characteristics. The target group characteristics were race (black or white), gender (male or female), and social class (middle or lower). The subject group characteristics were race (black or white), gender (male or female), and perceived social class (above own median or below own median). Eight hundred ninety-one black and white male and female college students received a modified Katz and Braly (1933) wordlist. The list was modified to include characteristics typically associated with gender, race, and social class stereotypes. Each subject stereotyped one target group. Subjects selected the five words they thought were most descriptive of the group and assigned a favorability score to each of those words. The mean favorability scores were calculated on a cell-by-cell basis, and were used to conduct a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVA on the favorability of the stereotypes associated with each of the eight target groups by each of the eight subject groups. Significant main effects for social class and sex of the target group emerged. Significant three-way interactions for subject race by subject sex by target race, and for subject sex by subject perceived social class by target sex also emerged. The results indicated that middle-class target groups were stereotyped more favorably than lower-class groups, and women were stereotyped more favorably than men. Black male subjects stereotyped black target groups significantly more favorably than white male subjects did. Subjects from lower-middle- and working-class income groups stereotyped all target groups significantly more favorably than subjects from middle-income groups did. It was noted that men and women from higher income groups made significantly more critical appraisals of opposite-sex target groups than was true for men and women from lower income groups. This study failed to obtain a significant main effect for race. It was concluded that, for this student sample, social class and gender dominated stereotypical perceptions more than race.
Time Dependent Solution in Cubic String Field Theory
Creators: name: Fujita, Masako
name: Hata, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study time dependent solutions in cubic open string field theory which are expected to describe the configuration of the rolling tachyon. We consider the truncated system consisting of component fields of level zero and two, which are expanded in terms of cosh n x^0 modes. For studying the large time behavior of the solution we need to know the coefficients of all and, in particular, large n modes. We examine numerically the coefficients of the n-th mode, and find that it has the leading n-dependence of the form (-β)^n λ^{-n^2} multiplied by a peculiar subleading part with peaks at n=2^m=4,8,16,32,64,128,.... This behavior is also reproduced analytically by solving simplified equations of motion of the tachyon system.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures, LaTeX2e, v3:minor corrections
Transparent disclosure of artificial intelligence tools in writing scholarly manuscripts
Creators: name: Hosseini, Mohammad
name: Holmes, Kristi
Publisher: name: Prism. Galter Health Sciences Library. Northwestern University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bibliographical citations
subject: large language models

description: In this poster we present the result of our conceptual work on the ethics of disclosing artificial intelligence tools when writing scholarly manuscripts. We argue that LLMs should not be named as authors or mentioned in the acknowledgments section of publications. Instead, they should be cited in-text, followed by being mentioned among the references. Building on the suggestions of the APA Style for referencing ChatGPT, we offer a new referencing format that supports an ethical and responsible disclosure, promotes transparency and openness about used methods and involved contributors in research, and fosters a culture of integrity and accountability within scholarly communication.
Adelpherupa aethiopicalis Maes 2002, sp.n.
Creators: name: Maes, K. V. N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Crambidae
Adelpherupa
Adelpherupa aethiopicalis

description: Adelpherupa aethiopicalis sp.n.
(gures 1a, 2e, 3h, 4g)
 Diagnosis. Slender fore wings, strongly resembling A. elongalis but apex of fore wings more rounded. Male genitalia with rectangular valva, tube-shaped aedeagus without narrow distal part as in A. elongalis. Female genitalia with the ostium bursae, ductus bursae and corpus bursae membranous. Tympanal organs: zona glabra with a median dagger-shaped sclerotization.
 Description. Forewing narrow elongated with rounded apex in female, more rectangular in male; ground colour brownish yellow in female, brown in male; hind wings pale yellow, almost transparent.
 Male genitalia. Uncus shorter than in A. elongalis; valva rectangular; tubeshaped aedeagus, without the narrow distal part as in A. elongalis; vesica with a single, plate-shape d cornutus.
 Female genitalia. Papillae anales with short and long setae; apophyses posteriores and anteriores of about equal length; ostium bursae, ductus bursae and corpus bursae membranous.
 Tympanal organs. Zona glabra tympani medially with a dagger-shape d sclerotization.
 Wing span. 20 mm.
 Distribution. Ethiopia.
 Life cycle. Unknown.
 Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: 1: Djimma S.W. Abyssinia 26 May 1925 O. Neumann, Pyr.Brit.Mus. Slide No. 20027 (BMNH); PARATYPE: 1: Djimma, S. W. Abyssinia, 12 May 1925, O. Neumann; Rothschild Bequest, B.M. 1939-1; Pyr.Brit.Mus. Slide No. 13327 (BMNH).
description: Published as part of Maes, K. V. N., 2002, Revision of the genus Adelpherupa Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Schoenobiinae) with the description of ve new species, pp. 1707-1724 in Journal of Natural History 36 (14) on page 1722, DOI: 10.1080/00222930110061878, http://zenodo.org/record/4757434
STEREOTYPIC PERCEPTIONS: THE INFLUENCE OF RACE, GENDER, AND SOCIAL CLASS CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGETS AND OBSERVERS
Creators: name: Pinderhughes, Victoria Anderson
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The current study was undertaken to determine the relative influence of race, gender, and social class on stereotypical perceptions. These three variables were analyzed as target group characteristics, and as subject group characteristics. The target group characteristics were race (black or white), gender (male or female), and social class (middle or lower). The subject group characteristics were race (black or white), gender (male or female), and perceived social class (above own median or below own median). Eight hundred ninety-one black and white male and female college students received a modified Katz and Braly (1933) wordlist. The list was modified to include characteristics typically associated with gender, race, and social class stereotypes. Each subject stereotyped one target group. Subjects selected the five words they thought were most descriptive of the group and assigned a favorability score to each of those words. The mean favorability scores were calculated on a cell-by-cell basis, and were used to conduct a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 ANOVA on the favorability of the stereotypes associated with each of the eight target groups by each of the eight subject groups. Significant main effects for social class and sex of the target group emerged. Significant three-way interactions for subject race by subject sex by target race, and for subject sex by subject perceived social class by target sex also emerged. The results indicated that middle-class target groups were stereotyped more favorably than lower-class groups, and women were stereotyped more favorably than men. Black male subjects stereotyped black target groups significantly more favorably than white male subjects did. Subjects from lower-middle- and working-class income groups stereotyped all target groups significantly more favorably than subjects from middle-income groups did. It was noted that men and women from higher income groups made significantly more critical appraisals of opposite-sex target groups than was true for men and women from lower income groups. This study failed to obtain a significant main effect for race. It was concluded that, for this student sample, social class and gender dominated stereotypical perceptions more than race.
Integrating spatial dynamics for sustainable water management at the river basin scale: identify areas to improve agricultural water productivity in upper Bhima Catchment of South India
Creators: name: Garg, Kaushal K.
name: Gaur, A.
name: Immerzeel, W. W.
name: Garg, Kaushal K.
name: Gaur, A.
name: Immerzeel, W. W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: River basin management
subject: Catchment areas
subject: Water transfer
subject: Irrigation water
subject: Water power
subject: Crop management
subject: Evapotranspiration
subject: Hydrology
subject: Water balance
subject: Simulation models
subject: Water allocation
subject: India
subject: Bhima Catchment
subject: Krishna Basin

description: Paper presented at the Workshop on Water: spatial dynamics, competitive claims and governance: how to reduce stress on the resource in urban, peri-urban and rural areas?, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India, 29-31 August 2007
A Formula of Two-Partition Hodge Integrals
Creators: name: Liu, Chiu-Chu Melissa
name: Liu, Kefeng
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove a formula conjectured by the third author expressing certain Hodge integrals in terms of certain Chern-Simons link invariants. Such invariants also arise in the representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras.
description: 38 pages, 3 figures
Alfnoor: A Retrieval Simulation of the Ariel Target List
Creators: name: Changeat, Quentin
name: Al-Refaie, Ahmed
name: Mugnai, Lorenzo V.
name: Edwards, Billy
name: Waldmann, Ingo P.
name: Pascale, Enzo
name: Tinetti, Giovanna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present Alfnoor, a dedicated tool optimised for population studies of exoplanet atmospheres. Alfnoor combines the latest version of the retrieval algorithm TauREx 3, with the instrument noise simulator ArielRad and enables the simultaneous retrieval analysis of a large sample of exo-atmospheres. We applied this tool to the Ariel list of planetary candidates and focus on hydrogen dominated, cloudy atmospheres observed in transit with the Tier-2 mode (medium Ariel resolution). As a first experiment, we randomised the abundances - ranging from 10$^{-7}$ to 10$^{-2}$ - of the trace gases, which include H$_2$O, CH$_4$, CO, CO$_2$ and NH$_3$. This exercise allowed to estimate the detection limits for Ariel Tier-2 and Tier-3 modes when clouds are present. In a second experiment, we imposed an arbitrary trend between a chemical species and the effective temperature of the planet. A last experiment was run requiring molecular abundances being dictated by equilibrium chemistry at a certain temperature. Our results demonstrate the ability of Ariel Tier-2 and Tier-3 surveys to reveal trends between the chemistry and associated planetary parameters. Future work will focus on eclipse data, on atmospheres heavier than hydrogen and will be applied also to other observatories.
description: 33 pages, 24 figures, Accepted in AJ
THE EFFECTS OF ASCRIBED SEXUAL ORIENTATION ON CLINICAL JUDGMENT BY EXPERIENCED CLINICIANS
Creators: name: Rose, David Steven
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study examined the effect of the label of homosexuality on clinical judgments made by experienced clinical psychologists. The subjects were asked to evaluate two Rorschach records constructed to present dimensionally equivalent pictures of personality functioning. The materials seen by the four groups differed only in the labels applied to them; each group saw records labelled with one of the four permutations of Homosexuality versus Heterosexuality and Health versus Unhealth. The assessments were made on Likert-like line scales, with both records rated on the same line. This produced relative ratings as well as absolute ratings, the relative ratings being considered more sensitive and subtle measures of a labelling effect. Previous research had found a pro-homosexual labelling effect; this was ascribed to the inexperience of the subjects, associated in the literature with "defensive optimism." The experienced clinicians in the current study were therefore expected not to show this labelling effect. However, a pro-homosexual labelling effect was observed. Labelling effects contrary to historical societal prejudices have been found with respect to social class and to non-traditional sex roles. However, the researchers in those cases saw their results only as indicating a lessening of traditional biases, rather than as suggesting a move toward bias in directions opposite to historical prejudices. The tendency of clinicians to reactive labelling effects is discussed with regard to correlates of attitudes towards homosexuality and of "liberalness" in general. Liberal attitudes have been found to be associated with cognitive flexibility and with altruistic motivations and behavior. In addition, the relatively recent movement toward an accepting stance toward homosexuality is reviewed. The emphasis in the literature on the societal struggle faced by the homosexual is understandable, but may in fact produce an oversensitization to the homosexual as a homosexual. This possibility, combined with clinicians' tendency to cognitive flexibility and altruism, appears to be a factor in the pro-homosexual labelling effect observed in this study. The implications for training and for clinical work are discussed, with an emphasis on the possibility of this reactive bias impinging negatively on effective clinical work.
title: Robert Owen's equitable labour exchanges.
Creators: name: Fletcher, Linda J
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1985

description: This study attempts to clarify the history of equitable exchange and Robert Owen’s position within it. Owen is traditionally credited with devising both the concept of equitable exchange and with creating the exchanges that put it into practice. It is shown that Owen created the 'equitable principle of exchange' out of the well-known ‘labour theory of value ' , to which he added his own communitarian and currency ideas. This was presented in the Report to the County of Lanark in 1821. He failed to follow this up with any practical advice but , following its popularisation by the 'Ricardian socialists' and some London co-operators in 1820s, practicalities were eventually discussed and proposed. Some of these people started their own independent exchanges between 1830 and 1832. This study demonstrates that Owen came under pressure from a variety of sources but primarily from these independent exchanges. He came to grips with practicalities probably only when he realised that things were getting out of hand. He then opened his three exchanges. The workings of these is examined in detail , as are the problems that they suffered. It becomes clear that the simple and natural system envisaged by 0wen in the Report did not come about. The most important factor in the failure of the exchanges was the impossibility of equating supply and demand because the labour valuation fixed the market price rigidly. Unless similar controls could be placed on the market forces, such as exist in a totalitarian state, there was never any hope of success. The study continues beyond the closure of Owen's exchanges in 1834, to show that the subject did not die at this point, as has previously been thought. Several theorists wrote further upon the subject. Marx is shown to have been particularly influential. He added both to the theory and indirectly to its promotion in American co-operative and socialist communities in the late 19th century, where it experienced a final burst of interest.
Integration of Information Languages and Interoperability
Creators: name: Olson, Tony (Librarian), 1938-
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Subject Semantic Interoperability
subject: Subject Headings
subject: Information Retrieval
subject: Information Storage and Retrieval
subject: Subject Headings
subject: Medical Subject Headings
subject: Subject headings
subject: Subject headings, Library of Congress
subject: Information retrieval

description: Presented at the Program: "Real World Steps to Interoperability in Libraries", sponsored by the LITA/ALCTS Authority Control in the Online Environment Interest Group, American Library Association Annual Conference, June 16, 2002,
Atlanta, Georgia.
N-qubit entanglement via the $J_y^2$-type collective interaction
Creators: name: Zhou, D. L.
name: Zeng, B.
name: Tang, J. S.
name: Xu, Z.
name: You, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate quantum correlations of the $N$-qubit states via a collective pseudo-spin interaction ($\propto J_y^2$) on arbitrary pure separable states for a given interval of time. Based on this dynamical generation of the $N$-qubit maximal entangled states, a quantum secret sharing protocol with $N$ continuous classical secrets is developed.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
A nonconforming pressure-robust finite element method for the Stokes equations on anisotropic meshes
Creators: name: Apel, Thomas
name: Kempf, Volker
name: Linke, Alexander
name: Merdon, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 65N15, 65D05

description: Most classical finite element schemes for the (Navier-)Stokes equations are neither pressure-robust, nor are they inf-sup stable on general anisotropic triangulations. A lack of pressure-robustness may lead to large velocity errors, whenever the Stokes momentum balance is dominated by a strong and complicated pressure gradient. It is a consequence of a method, which does not exactly satisfy the divergence constraint. However, inf-sup stable schemes can often be made pressure-robust just by a recent, modified discretization of the exterior forcing term, using $\mathbf{H}(\operatorname{div})$-conforming velocity reconstruction operators. This approach has so far only been analyzed on shape-regular triangulations. The novelty of the present contribution is that the reconstruction approach for the Crouzeix-Raviart method, which has a stable Fortin operator on arbitrary meshes, is combined with results on the interpolation error on anisotropic elements for reconstruction operators of Raviart-Thomas and Brezzi-Douglas-Marini type, generalizing the method to a large class of anisotropic triangulations. Numerical examples confirm the theoretical results in a 2D and a 3D test case.
THE EFFECTS OF ASCRIBED SEXUAL ORIENTATION ON CLINICAL JUDGMENT BY EXPERIENCED CLINICIANS
Creators: name: Rose, David Steven
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: This study examined the effect of the label of homosexuality on clinical judgments made by experienced clinical psychologists. The subjects were asked to evaluate two Rorschach records constructed to present dimensionally equivalent pictures of personality functioning. The materials seen by the four groups differed only in the labels applied to them; each group saw records labelled with one of the four permutations of Homosexuality versus Heterosexuality and Health versus Unhealth. The assessments were made on Likert-like line scales, with both records rated on the same line. This produced relative ratings as well as absolute ratings, the relative ratings being considered more sensitive and subtle measures of a labelling effect. Previous research had found a pro-homosexual labelling effect; this was ascribed to the inexperience of the subjects, associated in the literature with "defensive optimism." The experienced clinicians in the current study were therefore expected not to show this labelling effect. However, a pro-homosexual labelling effect was observed. Labelling effects contrary to historical societal prejudices have been found with respect to social class and to non-traditional sex roles. However, the researchers in those cases saw their results only as indicating a lessening of traditional biases, rather than as suggesting a move toward bias in directions opposite to historical prejudices. The tendency of clinicians to reactive labelling effects is discussed with regard to correlates of attitudes towards homosexuality and of "liberalness" in general. Liberal attitudes have been found to be associated with cognitive flexibility and with altruistic motivations and behavior. In addition, the relatively recent movement toward an accepting stance toward homosexuality is reviewed. The emphasis in the literature on the societal struggle faced by the homosexual is understandable, but may in fact produce an oversensitization to the homosexual as a homosexual. This possibility, combined with clinicians' tendency to cognitive flexibility and altruism, appears to be a factor in the pro-homosexual labelling effect observed in this study. The implications for training and for clinical work are discussed, with an emphasis on the possibility of this reactive bias impinging negatively on effective clinical work.