cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$Λ_b\rightarrow Λ(\to p π^-) \ell^+\ell^-$ as probe of CP-violating New Physics
Creators: name: Das, Diganta
name: Das, Jaydeb
name: Kumar, Girish
name: Sahoo, Niladribihari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possible sizes of all the CP-violating asymmetries offered by the angular distribution of rare decay $Λ_b\rightarrow Λ(\to p π^-) \ell^+\ell^-$ in the Standard Model and new physics scenarios motivated by the recent $b\to s \ell^+\ell^-$ anomalies. We work in a model-independent effective theory framework and discuss the sensitivity of CP asymmetries to new ${O}_{9,10}$ operators and their chirality flipped counterparts. We find that the size of many of the CP asymmetries can be at the level of a few percent in new physics scenarios consistent with current $b\to s\ell^+\ell^-$ data at a level of $1σ$. We emphasize that measurements of these CP asymmetries can be used to discriminate different new physics scenarios in $b\to s \ell^+\ell^-$.
description: 28 pages, 4 captioned figures; updated NP benchmarks following the latest RK(*) measurements; matches journal version
Global Optimization with Parametric Function Approximation
Creators: name: Liu, Chong
name: Wang, Yu-Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of global optimization with noisy zeroth order oracles - a well-motivated problem useful for various applications ranging from hyper-parameter tuning for deep learning to new material design. Existing work relies on Gaussian processes or other non-parametric family, which suffers from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm GO-UCB that leverages a parametric family of functions (e.g., neural networks) instead. Under a realizable assumption and a few other mild geometric conditions, we show that GO-UCB achieves a cumulative regret of Õ$(\sqrt{T})$ where $T$ is the time horizon. At the core of GO-UCB is a carefully designed uncertainty set over parameters based on gradients that allows optimistic exploration. Synthetic and real-world experiments illustrate GO-UCB works better than popular Bayesian optimization approaches, even if the model is misspecified.
Curiosity in Hindsight: Intrinsic Exploration in Stochastic Environments
Creators: name: Jarrett, Daniel
name: Tallec, Corentin
name: Altché, Florent
name: Mesnard, Thomas
name: Munos, Rémi
name: Valko, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Consider the problem of exploration in sparse-reward or reward-free environments, such as in Montezuma's Revenge. In the curiosity-driven paradigm, the agent is rewarded for how much each realized outcome differs from their predicted outcome. But using predictive error as intrinsic motivation is fragile in stochastic environments, as the agent may become trapped by high-entropy areas of the state-action space, such as a "noisy TV". In this work, we study a natural solution derived from structural causal models of the world: Our key idea is to learn representations of the future that capture precisely the unpredictable aspects of each outcome -- which we use as additional input for predictions, such that intrinsic rewards only reflect the predictable aspects of world dynamics. First, we propose incorporating such hindsight representations into models to disentangle "noise" from "novelty", yielding Curiosity in Hindsight: a simple and scalable generalization of curiosity that is robust to stochasticity. Second, we instantiate this framework for the recently introduced BYOL-Explore algorithm as our prime example, resulting in the noise-robust BYOL-Hindsight. Third, we illustrate its behavior under a variety of different stochasticities in a grid world, and find improvements over BYOL-Explore in hard-exploration Atari games with sticky actions. Notably, we show state-of-the-art results in exploring Montezuma's Revenge with sticky actions, while preserving performance in the non-sticky setting.
The Scalar Triplet Contribution to Lepton Flavour Violation and Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay in Left-Right Symmetric Model
Creators: name: Bambhaniya, Gulab
name: Dev, P. S. Bhupal
name: Goswami, Srubabati
name: Mitra, Manimala
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse in detail the scalar triplet contribution to the low-energy lepton flavour violating (LFV) and lepton number violating (LNV) processes within a TeV-scale left-right symmetric framework. We show that in both type-I and type-II seesaw dominance for the light neutrino masses, the triplet of mass comparable to or smaller than the largest right-handed neutrino mass scale can give sizeable contribution to the LFV processes, except in the quasi-degenerate limit of light neutrino masses, where a suppression can occur due to cancellations. In particular, a moderate value of the heaviest neutrino to scalar triplet mass ratio $r\lesssim {\cal O}(1)$ is still experimentally allowed and can be explored in the future LFV experiments. Similarly, the contribution of a relatively light triplet to the LNV process of neutrinoless double beta decay could be significant, disfavouring a part of the model parameter space otherwise allowed by LFV constraints. Nevertheless, we find regions of parameter space consistent with both LFV and LNV searches, for which the values of the total effective neutrino mass can be accessible to the next generation ton-scale experiments. Such light triplets can also be directly searched for at the LHC, thus providing a complementary probe of this scenario. Finally, we also study the implications of the triplet contribution for the left-right symmetric model interpretation of the recent diboson anomaly at the LHC.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures; minor changes, version to appear in JHEP
Anatomy-guided domain adaptation for 3D in-bed human pose estimation
Creators: name: Bigalke, Alexander
name: Hansen, Lasse
name: Diesel, Jasper
name: Hennigs, Carlotta
name: Rostalski, Philipp
name: Heinrich, Mattias P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D human pose estimation is a key component of clinical monitoring systems. The clinical applicability of deep pose estimation models, however, is limited by their poor generalization under domain shifts along with their need for sufficient labeled training data. As a remedy, we present a novel domain adaptation method, adapting a model from a labeled source to a shifted unlabeled target domain. Our method comprises two complementary adaptation strategies based on prior knowledge about human anatomy. First, we guide the learning process in the target domain by constraining predictions to the space of anatomically plausible poses. To this end, we embed the prior knowledge into an anatomical loss function that penalizes asymmetric limb lengths, implausible bone lengths, and implausible joint angles. Second, we propose to filter pseudo labels for self-training according to their anatomical plausibility and incorporate the concept into the Mean Teacher paradigm. We unify both strategies in a point cloud-based framework applicable to unsupervised and source-free domain adaptation. Evaluation is performed for in-bed pose estimation under two adaptation scenarios, using the public SLP dataset and a newly created dataset. Our method consistently outperforms various state-of-the-art domain adaptation methods, surpasses the baseline model by 31%/66%, and reduces the domain gap by 65%/82%. Source code is available at https://github.com/multimodallearning/da-3dhpe-anatomy.
description: accepted at Medical Image Analysis
Positive unlabeled learning with tensor networks
Creators: name: Žunkovič, Bojan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Positive unlabeled learning is a binary classification problem with positive and unlabeled data. It is common in domains where negative labels are costly or impossible to obtain, e.g., medicine and personalized advertising. Most approaches to positive unlabeled learning apply to specific data types (e.g., images, categorical data) and can not generate new positive and negative samples. This work introduces a feature-space distance-based tensor network approach to the positive unlabeled learning problem. The presented method is not domain specific and significantly improves the state-of-the-art results on the MNIST image and 15 categorical/mixed datasets. The trained tensor network model is also a generative model and enables the generation of new positive and negative instances.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
title: Diagnose und Therapie vorderer Uveitiden
Creators: name: Bergua, A.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Eine der häufigen Formen von Uveitiden stellen die vordere Uveitiden dar. Die Therapie des vorderen Uveitiden basiert hauptsächlich auf antientzündlichen lokalen und ggf. systemischen Medikamenten, die bei bestimmten Formen von Uveitis anterior mit chronischem Verlauf als Basistherapie[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung der Vereinigung Bayerischer Augenärzte BayOG 2016|49. Weihnachtssitzung der Münchner Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft MOG 2016
Efficient Dicke state generation in a network of lossy channels
Creators: name: Roga, Wojciech
name: Ikuta, Rikizo
name: Horikiri, Tomoyuki
name: Takeoka, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the generation of entanglement in a multipartite optical network. We generalize the twin-field strategy to the multipartie case and show that our protocol has advantageous rate-loss scalings of distributing W states and Dicke states over the star networks. We give precise theoretical formulas and quantitative performance analyses. Also analysis of the same protocol using Gaussian states as resources, which is a typical setup of many experimental tests, is provided.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures
Mélanges offerts au R. P. F. Cavallera á l´occasion de la quarantième année de son professorat à l´institut Catholique
Creators: name: Bacht, H.
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 25 Nr. 1 (1950): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 25, Heft 1
Holographic conformal blocks from interacting Wilson lines
Creators: name: Besken, Mert
name: Hegde, Ashwin
name: Hijano, Eliot
name: Kraus, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple prescription for computing conformal blocks and correlation functions holographically in AdS$_3$ in terms of Wilson lines merging at a bulk vertex. This is shown to reproduce global conformal blocks and heavy-light Virasoro blocks. In the case of higher spin theories the space of vertices is in one-to-one correspondence with the space of ${\cal W}_N$ conformal blocks, and we show how the latter are obtained by explicit computations.
description: 40 pages, 1 figure
Neural Network Complexity of Chaos and Turbulence
Creators: name: Whittaker, Tim
name: Janik, Romuald A.
name: Oz, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chaos and turbulence are complex physical phenomena, yet a precise definition of the complexity measure that quantifies them is still lacking. In this work we consider the relative complexity of chaos and turbulence from the perspective of deep neural networks. We analyze a set of classification problems, where the network has to distinguish images of fluid profiles in the turbulent regime from other classes of images such as fluid profiles in the chaotic regime, various constructions of noise and real world images. We analyze incompressible as well as weakly compressible fluid flows. We quantify the complexity of the computation performed by the network via the intrinsic dimensionality of the internal feature representations, and calculate the effective number of independent features which the network uses in order to distinguish between classes. In addition to providing a numerical estimate of the complexity of the computation, the measure also characterizes the neural network processing at intermediate and final stages. We construct adversarial examples and use them to identify the two point correlation spectra for the chaotic and turbulent vorticity as the feature used by the network for classification.
title: Erste Erfahrungen mit dem Einsatz von Fluocinolonacetonid bei diabetischem Makulaödem aus dem Augen- und Laserzentrum Leipzig
Creators: name: Willert, Astrid
name: Kotomin, I.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund: Das diabetische Makulaödem stellt weiterhin eine Herausforderung in der ophthalmologischen Therapie dar. Trotz der Behandlungsmöglichkeiten mittels Laserkoagulatuon, VEGF-Hemmern und Dexamethasonderivaten sind der visuellen Rehabilitation der Patienten aufgrund verschiedener Faktoren[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung 2016 der Sächsischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft
Mixing of surface and bulk electronic states at a graphite-hexagonal boron nitride interface
Creators: name: Mullan, Ciaran
name: Slizovskiy, Sergey
name: Yin, Jun
name: Wang, Ziwei
name: Yang, Qian
name: Xu, Shuigang
name: Yang, Yaping
name: Piot, Benjamin A.
name: Hu, Sheng
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Novoselov, Kostya S.
name: Geim, A. K.
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
name: Mishchenko, Artem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals assembly enables exquisite design of electronic states in two-dimensional (2D) materials, often by superimposing a long-wavelength periodic potential on a crystal lattice using moiré superlattices. Here we show that electronic states in three-dimensional (3D) crystals such as graphite can also be tuned by the superlattice potential arising at the interface with another crystal, namely, crystallographically aligned hexagonal boron nitride. Such alignment is found to result in a multitude of Lifshitz transitions and Brown-Zak oscillations for near-surface 2D states whereas, in high magnetic fields, fractal states of Hofstadter's butterfly extend deep into graphite's bulk. Our work shows a venue to control 3D spectra by using the approach of 2D twistronics.
The concept of entropic rectifier facing experiments
Creators: name: Lairez, D.
name: Clochard, M. -C.
name: Wegrowe, J. -E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport of molecules in confined media is subject to entropic barriers. So theoretically, asymmetry of the confinement length may lead to molecular ratchets with entropy as the only driving force for the biased transport. We address experimentally this question by performing alternative ionic current measurements on electrolytes confined in neutral conical nanopores. In case anions and cations widely differ in size, we show that rectification of ionic current can be obtained that depends on ions size and cycle frequency, consistently with the entropic ratchet mechanism.
A methodological approach towards probabilistic impact chain analysis (D2.4)
Creators: name: Gabriel, Jordà
name: Agulles Miguel
name: Camilo, Melo-Aguilar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This document provides a description of the methodological approach to incorporate uncertainties in the impact chain analysis from a probabilistic framework.
description: This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the grant PCI2019-103680 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union.
Can the new resonance at LHC be a CP-Odd Higgs boson?
Creators: name: Becirevic, Damir
name: Bertuzzo, Enrico
name: Sumensari, Olcyr
name: Funchal, Renata Zukanovich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A plausible explanation of the recent experimental indication of a resonance in the two-photon spectrum at LHC is that it corresponds to the CP-odd Higgs boson. We explore such a possibility in a generic framework of the two Higgs doublet models (2HDM), and combine $m_A \approx 750$GeV with the known $m_h =125.7(4)$~GeV to show that the charged Higgs boson and the other CP-even scalar masses become bounded from bellow and from above. We show that this possibility is also consistent with the electroweak precision data and the low energy observables, which we test in a few leptonic and semileptonic decay modes.
description: 16 pages, published version
Non-technical skills teaching project for stage three medical students
Creators: name: Robinson, Gabriela Martin
name: Lyne, Ronan
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2023

description: We created a teaching programme for medical students rotating through critical care based on the GMC's generic professional capabilities, specifically 'professional skills', 'leadership and teamwork 'and 'patient safety'. The sessions focussed on handover and referrals, difficult discussions, and managing conflict as an FY1 in a wider MDT.

 Our aim was to increase students' confidence with important skills needed as more senior medical students (and future FY1s), who will begin to become a more integral part of their clinical teams on attachments. These skills form part of the "hidden curriculum" and are rarely addressed directly in didactic teaching.

 Kings' College London/GKT School of Medicine year four medical students rotate through an 8 week EMCC block, which includes critical care, emergency medicine and anaesthetics. We ran one session a week, over three weeks for each group of students, during their critical care attachment. These sessions took the form of open discussions from facilitators, followed by interactive roleplay scenarios with students. We ascertained what prior teaching students had had on these topics and evaluated their level of confidence before and after our sessions using Likert scales.

 Breaking bad news was the only topic most students (69%) had received formal teaching on. Students had had little to no teaching formally or informally on the other topics covered. The median confidence scores given by students prior to the sessions were 1/5 (not confident at all) or 2/5 (not confident). The median confidence scores after the teaching sessions were all 4/5 (confident) on all different skills covered.

 Our teaching programme addressed a heretofore unmet need in the students' medical education curriculum, and was successful in achieving improved levels of confidence on all of the non-technical skills covered such as handover, breaking bad news, delegating, speaking up etc. We have adjusted the teaching programme and broadened it to include a wider array of facilitators, for a new intake of students, and will continue to develop and refine it.
Die Stellungnahme der Frühscholastik zur Frage, ob Christus ein Geschöpf sei
Creators: name: Landgraf, Artur Michael
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 25 Nr. 1 (1950): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 25, Heft 1
title: Funktionelle Sehstörungen
Creators: name: Tegetmeyer, Helmut
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Als funktionelle Sehstörungen oder nichtorganische Sehstörungen werden Einschränkungen des Sehvermögens bezeichnet, bei denen sich kein organisches Korrelat der Sehstörungen nachweisen lässt. Die Sehstörungen gründen sich damit nur auf subjektive Angaben des Patienten;[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Jahrestagung 2016 der Sächsischen Augenärztlichen Gesellschaft
Periodic travelling wave solutions of discrete nonlinear Klein-Gordon lattices
Creators: name: Hennig, Dirk
name: Karachalios, Nikos I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K40, 37K60, 34C15, 34A33

description: We prove the existence of periodic travelling wave solutions for general discrete nonlinear Klein-Gordon systems, considering both cases of hard and soft on-site potentials. In the case of hard on-site potentials we implement a fixed point theory approach, combining Schauder's fixed point theorem and the contraction mapping principle. This approach enables us to identify a ring in the energy space for non-trivial solutions to exist, energy (norm) thresholds for their existence and upper bounds on their velocity. In the case of soft on-site potentials, the proof of existence of periodic travelling wave solutions is facilitated by a variational approach based on the Mountain Pass Theorem. Thresholds on the averaged kinetic energy for these solutions to exist are also derived.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Mathematical Methods in the Appled Sciences
3D String Theory and Umbral Moonshine
Creators: name: Kachru, Shamit
name: Paquette, Natalie M.
name: Volpato, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simplest string theory compactifications to 3D with 16 supercharges -- the heterotic string on $T^7$, and type II strings on $K3 \times T^3$ -- are related by U-duality, and share a moduli space of vacua parametrized by $O(8,24; \mathbb{Z}) \backslash O(8,24) / (O(8) \times O(24))$. One can think of this as the moduli space of even, self-dual 32-dimensional lattices with signature (8,24). At 24 special points in moduli space, the lattice splits as $Γ^{8,0} \oplus Γ^{0,24}$. $Γ^{0,24}$ can be the Leech lattice or any of 23 Niemeier lattices, while $Γ^{8,0}$ is the $E_8$ root lattice. We show that starting from this observation, one can find a precise connection between the Umbral groups and type IIA string theory on $K3$. This provides a natural physical starting point for understanding Mathieu and Umbral moonshine. The maximal unbroken subgroups of Umbral groups in 6D (or any other limit) are those obtained by starting at the associated Niemeier point and moving in moduli space while preserving the largest possible subgroup of the Umbral group. To illustrate the action of these symmetries on BPS states, we discuss the computation of certain protected four-derivative terms in the effective field theory, and recover facts about the spectrum and symmetry representations of 1/2-BPS states.
description: 22 pages, v2: minor typos corrected
Learning-Based Reconstruction of FRI Signals
Creators: name: Leung, Vincent C. H.
name: Huang, Jun-Jie
name: Eldar, Yonina C.
name: Dragotti, Pier Luigi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Finite Rate of Innovation (FRI) sampling theory enables reconstruction of classes of continuous non-bandlimited signals that have a small number of free parameters from their low-rate discrete samples. This task is often translated into a spectral estimation problem that is solved using methods involving estimating signal subspaces, which tend to break down at a certain peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). To avoid this breakdown, we consider alternative approaches that make use of information from labelled data. We propose two model-based learning methods, including deep unfolding the denoising process in spectral estimation, and constructing an encoder-decoder deep neural network that models the acquisition process. Simulation results of both learning algorithms indicate significant improvements of the breakdown PSNR over classical subspace-based methods. While the deep unfolded network achieves similar performance as the classical FRI techniques and outperforms the encoder-decoder network in the low noise regimes, the latter allows to reconstruct the FRI signal even when the sampling kernel is unknown. We also achieve competitive results in detecting pulses from in vivo calcium imaging data in terms of true positive and false positive rate while providing more precise estimations.
description: Accepted version; Code available at: https://github.com/vchleung/LearningBasedFRI
Christentum und Antike in ihrem Bezug zum modernen Bewußtsein
Creators: name: Heyse, Hans
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 25 Nr. 1 (1950): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 25, Heft 1
Deep learning applied to computational mechanics: A comprehensive review, state of the art, and the classics
Creators: name: Vu-Quoc, Loc
name: Humer, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Three recent breakthroughs due to AI in arts and science serve as motivation: An award winning digital image, protein folding, fast matrix multiplication. Many recent developments in artificial neural networks, particularly deep learning (DL), applied and relevant to computational mechanics (solid, fluids, finite-element technology) are reviewed in detail. Both hybrid and pure machine learning (ML) methods are discussed. Hybrid methods combine traditional PDE discretizations with ML methods either (1) to help model complex nonlinear constitutive relations, (2) to nonlinearly reduce the model order for efficient simulation (turbulence), or (3) to accelerate the simulation by predicting certain components in the traditional integration methods. Here, methods (1) and (2) relied on Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture, with method (3) relying on convolutional neural networks. Pure ML methods to solve (nonlinear) PDEs are represented by Physics-Informed Neural network (PINN) methods, which could be combined with attention mechanism to address discontinuous solutions. Both LSTM and attention architectures, together with modern and generalized classic optimizers to include stochasticity for DL networks, are extensively reviewed. Kernel machines, including Gaussian processes, are provided to sufficient depth for more advanced works such as shallow networks with infinite width. Not only addressing experts, readers are assumed familiar with computational mechanics, but not with DL, whose concepts and applications are built up from the basics, aiming at bringing first-time learners quickly to the forefront of research. History and limitations of AI are recounted and discussed, with particular attention at pointing out misstatements or misconceptions of the classics, even in well-known references. Positioning and pointing control of a large-deformable beam is given as an example.
description: 275 pages, 158 figures. Appeared online on 2023.03.01 at CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences
Deterministic evolution of an asexual population under the action of beneficial and deleterious mutations on additive fitness landscapes
Creators: name: Jain, Kavita
name: John, Sona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study a continuous time model for the frequency distribution of an infinitely large asexual population in which both beneficial and deleterious mutations occur and the fitness is additive. When beneficial mutations are ignored, the exact solution for the frequency distribution is known to be a Poisson distribution. Here we include beneficial mutations and obtain exact expressions for the frequency distribution at all times using an eigenfunction expansion method. We find that the stationary distribution is non-Poissonian and related to the Bessel function of the first kind. We also provide suitable approximations for the stationary distribution and the time to relax to the steady state. Our exact results, especially at mutation-selection equilibrium, can be useful in developing semi-deterministic approaches to understand stochastic evolution.
description: To appear in Theoretical Population Biology
Quantum policy gradient algorithms
Creators: name: Jerbi, Sofiene
name: Cornelissen, Arjan
name: Ozols, Māris
name: Dunjko, Vedran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Understanding the power and limitations of quantum access to data in machine learning tasks is primordial to assess the potential of quantum computing in artificial intelligence. Previous works have already shown that speed-ups in learning are possible when given quantum access to reinforcement learning environments. Yet, the applicability of quantum algorithms in this setting remains very limited, notably in environments with large state and action spaces. In this work, we design quantum algorithms to train state-of-the-art reinforcement learning policies by exploiting quantum interactions with an environment. However, these algorithms only offer full quadratic speed-ups in sample complexity over their classical analogs when the trained policies satisfy some regularity conditions. Interestingly, we find that reinforcement learning policies derived from parametrized quantum circuits are well-behaved with respect to these conditions, which showcases the benefit of a fully-quantum reinforcement learning framework.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
Misalignment of Outflow Axes in the Proto-Multiple Systems in Perseus
Creators: name: Lee, Katherine I.
name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Myers, Philip C.
name: Arce, Hector G.
name: Bourke, Tyler L.
name: Goodman, Alyssa A.
name: Jorgensen, Jes K.
name: Kristensen, Lars E.
name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Pineda, Jaime E.
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Vorobyov, Eduard I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the alignment between outflow axes in nine of the youngest binary/multiple systems in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. These systems have typical member spacing larger than 1000 AU. For outflow identification, we use 12CO(2-1) and 12CO(3-2) data from a large survey with the Sub- millimeter Array: Mass Assembly of Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA (MASSES). The distribution of outflow orientations in the binary pairs is consistent with random or preferentially anti-aligned distributions, demonstrating that these outflows are misaligned. This result suggests that these systems are possibly formed in environments where the distribution of angular momentum is complex and disordered, and these systems do not come from the same co-rotating structures or from an initial cloud with aligned vectors of angular momentum.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. Accepted to ApJL
Reflection Quasilattices and the Maximal Quasilattice
Creators: name: Boyle, Latham
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the concept of a {\it reflection quasilattice}, the quasiperiodic generalization of a Bravais lattice with irreducible reflection symmetry. Among their applications, reflection quasilattices are the reciprocal (i.e. Bragg diffraction) lattices for quasicrystals and quasicrystal tilings, such as Penrose tilings, with irreducible reflection symmetry and discrete scale invariance. In a follow-up paper, we will show that reflection quasilattices can be used to generate tilings in real space with properties analogous to those in Penrose tilings, but with different symmetries and in various dimensions. Here we explain that reflection quasilattices only exist in dimensions two, three and four, and we prove that there is a unique reflection quasilattice in dimension four: the "maximal reflection quasilattice" in terms of dimensionality and symmetry. Unlike crystallographic Bravais lattices, all reflection quasilattices are invariant under rescaling by certain discrete scale factors. We tabulate the complete set of scale factors for all reflection quasilattices in dimension $d>2$, and for all those with quadratic irrational scale factors in $d=2$.
description: 6 pages, no figures, important references added, matches Phys Rev B version
Riesner, Rainer, Bethanien jenseits des Jordans
Creators: name: Schröder, Michael
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 182261015X
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 17 (2003): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 17
21cmfish: Fisher-matrix framework for fast parameter forecasts from the cosmic 21-cm signal
Creators: name: Mason, Charlotte A.
name: Muñoz, Julian B.
name: Greig, Bradley
name: Mesinger, Andrei
name: Park, Jaehong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 21-cm signal from neutral hydrogen in the early universe will provide unprecedented information about the first stars and galaxies. Extracting this information, however, requires accounting for many unknown astrophysical processes. Semi-numerical simulations are key for exploring the vast parameter space of said processes. These simulations use approximate techniques such as excursion-set and perturbation theory to model the 3D evolution of the intergalactic medium, at a fraction of the computational cost of hydrodynamic and/or radiative transfer simulations. However, exploring the enormous parameter space of the first galaxies can still be computationally expensive. Here we introduce 21cmfish, a Fisher-matrix wrapper for the semi-numerical simulation 21cmFAST. 21cmfish facilitates efficient parameter forecasts, scaling to significantly higher dimensionalities than MCMC approaches, assuming a multi-variate Gaussian posterior. Our method produces comparable parameter uncertainty forecasts to previous MCMC analyses but requires ~10$^4$x fewer simulations. This enables a rapid way to prototype analyses adding new physics and/or additional parameters. We carry out a forecast for HERA using the largest astrophysical parameter space to-date, with 10 free parameters, spanning both population II and III star formation. We find X-ray parameters for the first galaxies could be measured to sub-percent precision, and, though they are highly degenerate, the stellar-to-halo mass relation and ionizing photon escape fraction for population II and III galaxies can be constrained to ~10% precision (logarithmic quantities). Using a principal component analysis we find HERA is most sensitive to the product of the ionizing escape fraction and the stellar-to-halo mass fraction for population II galaxies.
description: 18 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Fisher-matrix wrapper for 21cmFAST available here: https://github.com/charlottenosam/21cmfish
Dryptosaurus aquilunguis Marsh 1877
Creators: name: Osborn, H. F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1905
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Dinosauria
Dryptosauridae
Dryptosaurus
Dryptosaurus aquilunguis

description: i. From the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Genus Dryptosaurus Marsh. Including the Laelaps of Cope. Probably a different animal, but not as yet distinguished from the previously described Deinodon. Type. — The type of this genus is also the type specimen of Laelaps aquilunguis Cope, consisting of portions of the jaws, teeth, and skeleton from the Cretaceous of New Jersey in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. Dental characters. — Mandibular teeth compressed, recurved, crowns lenticular in section, serrate on both edges, fangs transversely oval.
description: Published as part of Osborn, H. F., 1905, Tyrannosaurus and other Cretaceous carnivorous dinosaurs, pp. 259-265 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 21 on page 261, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1038222
Chapman-Enskog expansion for the Vicsek model of self-propelled particles
Creators: name: Ihle, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the standard Vicsek model, I show how the macroscopic transport equations can be systematically derived from microscopic collision rules. The approach starts with the exact evolution equation for the N-particle probability distribution, and after making the mean-field assumption of Molecular Chaos leads to a multi-particle Enskog-type equation. This equation is treated by a non-standard Chapman-Enskog expansion to extract the macroscopic behavior. The expansion includes terms up to third order in a formal expansion parameter $ε$, and involves a fast time scale. A self-consistent closure of the moment equations is presented that leads to a continuity equation for the particle density and a Navier-Stokes-like equation for the momentum density. Expressions for all transport coefficients in these macroscopic equations are given explicitly in terms of microscopic parameters of the model. The transport coefficients depend on specific angular integrals which are evaluated asymptotically in the limit of infinitely many collision partners, using an analogy to a random walk. The consistency of the Chapman-Enskog approach is checked by an independent calculation of the shear viscosity using a Green-Kubo relation.
Constraining the spatial curvature with cosmic expansion history in a cosmological model with a non-standard sound horizon
Creators: name: Stevens, Jordan
name: Khoraminezhad, Hasti
name: Saito, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial curvature is one of the most fundamental parameters in our current concordance flat $Λ$CDM model of the Universe. The goal of this work is to investigate how the constraint on the spatial curvature is affected by an assumption on the sound horizon scale. The sound horizon is an essential quantity to use the standard ruler from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs). As an example, we study the curvature constraint in an axion-like Early Dark Energy (EDE) model in light of recent cosmological datasets from Planck, the South Pole Telescope (SPT), and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), as well as BAO data compiled in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16. We find that, independent of the CMB datasets, the EDE model parameters are constrained only by the CMB power spectra as precisely and consistently as the flat case in previous work, even with the spatial curvature. We also demonstrate that combining CMB with BAO is extremely powerful to constrain the curvature parameter even with a reduction of the sound-horizon scale in an EDE model, resulting in $Ω_K=-0.0056\pm 0.0031$ in the case of ACT+BAO after marginalizing over the parameters of the EDE model. This constraint is as competitive as the Planck+BAO result in a $Λ$CDM model, $Ω_{K}=-0.0001\pm 0.0018$.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures, matches the version published in JCAP, Fig. 1 may be a useful summary of the recent measurements of the spatial curvature
The 2-10 keV unabsorbed luminosity function of AGN from the XMM-Newton LSS, CDFS and COSMOS surveys
Creators: name: Ranalli, P.
name: Koulouridis, E.
name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Fotopoulou, S.
name: Hsu, L. -T.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Comastri, A.
name: Pierre, M.
name: Cappelluti, N.
name: Carrera, F. J.
name: Chiappetti, L.
name: Clerc, N.
name: Gilli, R.
name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Pacaud, F.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Plionis, E.
name: Vignali, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The XMM-LSS, XMM-COSMOS, and XMM-CDFS surveys are complementary in terms of sky coverage and depth. Together, they form a clean sample with the least possible variance in instrument effective areas and PSF. Therefore this is one of the best samples available to determine the 2-10 keV luminosity function of AGN and its evolution. The samples and the relevant corrections for incompleteness are described. A total of 2887 AGN is used to build the LF in the luminosity interval 10^42-10^46 erg/s, and in the redshift interval 0.001-4. A new method to correct for absorption by considering the probability distribution for the column density conditioned on the hardness ratio is presented. The binned luminosity function and its evolution is determined with a variant of the Page-Carrera method, improved to include corrections for absorption and to account for the full probability distribution of photometric redshifts. Parametric models, namely a double power-law with LADE or LDDE evolution, are explored using Bayesian inference. We introduce the Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC) to compare the models and estimate their predictive power. Our data are best described by the LADE model, as hinted by the WAIC indicator. We also explore the 15-parameter extended LDDE model recently proposed by Ueda et al., and find that this extension is not supported by our data. The strength of our method is that it provides: un-absorbed non-parametric estimates; credible intervals for luminosity function parameters; model choice according to which one has more predictive power for future data.
description: In press on A&A. The revised version corrects typos and the LF normalisations in tables 1,2,5 and figs.9-12, which were on an incorrect scale. Online material available at http://www.astro.lu.se/~piero/xlf/xlf-paper-tables2.tgz . The software is available on the author's website http://www.astro.lu.se/~piero/LFTools/index.html and on github: https://github.com/piero-ranalli/LFTools
Interpreting the CMB aberration and Doppler measurements: boost or intrinsic dipole?
Creators: name: Roldan, Omar
name: Notari, Alessio
name: Quartin, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aberration and Doppler coupling effects of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) were recently measured by the Planck satellite. The most straightforward interpretation leads to a direct detection of our peculiar velocity $β$, consistent with the measurement of the well-known dipole. In this paper we discuss the assumptions behind such interpretation. We show that Doppler-like couplings appear from two effects: our peculiar velocity and a second order large-scale effect due to the dipolar part of the gravitational potential. We find that the two effects are exactly degenerate but only if we assume second-order initial conditions from single-field Inflation. Thus, detecting a discrepancy in the value of $β$ from the dipole and the Doppler couplings implies the presence of a primordial non-Gaussianity. We also show that aberration-like signals likewise arise from two independent effects: our peculiar velocity and lensing due to a first order large-scale dipolar gravitational potential, independently on Gaussianity of the initial conditions. In general such effects are not degenerate and so a discrepancy between the measured $β$ from the dipole and aberration could be accounted for by a dipolar gravitational potential. Only through a fine-tuning of the radial profile of the potential it is possible to have a complete degeneracy with a boost effect. Finally we discuss that we also expect other signatures due to integrated second order terms, which may be further used to disentangle this scenario from a simple boost.
description: v2: improvements made to the text; matches published version; 31 pages
On the relationship between the modifications to the Raychaudhuri equation and the canonical Hamiltonian structures
Creators: name: Singh, Parampreet
name: Soni, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of obtaining canonical Hamiltonian structures from the equations of motion, without any knowledge of the action, is studied in the context of the spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models. Modifications to Raychaudhuri equation are implemented independently as quadratic and cubic terms of energy density without introducing additional degrees of freedom. Depending on their sign, modifications make gravity repulsive above a curvature scale for matter satisfying strong energy condition, or more attractive than in the classical theory. Canonical structure of the modified theories is determined demanding that the total Hamiltonian be a linear combination of gravity and matter Hamiltonians. In the quadratic repulsive case, the modified canonical phase space of gravity is a polymerized phase space with canonical momentum as inverse trigonometric function of Hubble rate; the canonical Hamiltonian can be identified with the effective Hamiltonian in loop quantum cosmology. The repulsive cubic modification results in a `generalized polymerized' canonical phase space. Both of the repulsive modifications are found to yield singularity avoidance. In contrast, the quadratic and cubic attractive modifications result in a canonical phase space in which canonical momentum is non-trigonometric and singularities persist. Our results hint on connections between repulsive/attractive nature of modifications to gravity arising from gravitational sector and polymerized/non-polymerized gravitational phase space.
description: 22 pages with two new plots. Discussion on uniqueness added, and possible links with existing models expanded. Periodicity for 'generalized polymerized' theory and its comparison with standard polymerization discussed. References added. To appear in CQG
Miller, M.: Die Söflinger Briefe und das Klarissenkloster Söflingen bei Ulm a. D. im Spätmittelalter
Creators: name: Lortz, Joseph
Publisher: name: Scholastik
Year: 1970

description: Scholastik, Bd. 19 Nr. 1 (1944): Scholastik. Vierteljahresschrift für Theologie und Philosophie, Band 19, Heft 1