cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Global Population Control Policy as a Climate Solution
Creators: name: Osman, Karim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 40104 Climate Change Processes
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 60306 Evolutionary Impacts of Climate Change
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change

description: This is a short proposal as part of the toolbox of solutions to the climate crisis. It is intended to form part of a climate roadmap for the Anthropocene Epoch. It explains the need for a legally binding global population growth policy to lower CO2 emissions and control sustainable population growth. This proposal was part of an assessment from the 'Climate Change - a Geological Perspective' course at Stockholm University.
Exclusion limits on a scalar decaying to photons and distinguishing its production mechanisms
Creators: name: Mandal, Tanumoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LHC run-II has a great potential to search for new resonances in the diphoton channel. Latest 13 TeV data already put stringent limits on the cross sections in the diphoton channel assuming the resonance is produced through the gluon-gluon fusion. Many beyond the Standard Model (SM) theories predict TeV-scale scalars, which copiously decay to diphotons. Apart from the gluon-gluon fusion production, these scalars can also be dominantly produced in other ways too at the LHC namely through the quark-quark fusion or the gauge boson fusions like the photon-photon, photon-$Z$, $WW$ or $ZZ$ fusions. In this paper, we use an effective field theory approach where a heavy scalar can be produced in various ways and recast the latest ATLAS diphoton resonance search to put model-independent limits on its mass and effective couplings to the SM particles. If a new scalar is discovered at the LHC, it would be very important to identify its production mechanism in order to probe the nature of the underlying theory. We show that combining various kinematic variables in a multivariate analysis can be very powerful to distinguish different production mechanisms one from the other.
description: 18 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables. Matches with the published version
Standardized Cumulants of Flow Harmonic Fluctuations
Creators: name: Abbasi, Navid
name: Allahbakhshi, Davood
name: Davody, Ali
name: Taghavi, Seyed Farid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of flow harmonics in heavy ion experiment can be characterized by standardized cumulants. We first model the ellipticity and power parameters of the elliptic-power distribution by employing MC-Glauber model. Then we use the elliptic-power distribution together with the hydrodynamic linear response approximation to study the two dimensional standardized cumulants of elliptic and triangular flow ($v_2$ and $v_3$) distribution. For the second harmonic, it turns out that finding two dimensional cumulants in terms of $2q$-particle correlation functions $c_2\{2q\}$ is limited to the skewness. We also show that $c_3\{2\}$, $c_3\{4\}$, and $c_3\{6\}$, are related to the second, fourth, and sixth standardized cumulants of the $v_3$ distribution, respectively. The cumulant $c_{n}\{2q\}$ can be also written in terms of $v_n\{2q\}$. Specifically, $-(v_3\{4\}/v_3\{2\})^4$ turns out to be the kurtosis of the $v_3$ event-by-event fluctuation distribution. We introduce a new parametrization for the distribution $p(v_3)$ with $v_3\{2\}$, kurtosis and sixth-order standardized cumulant being its free parameters. Compared to the Gaussian distribution, it indicates a more accurate fit with experimental results. Finally, we compare the kurtosis obtained from simulation with that of extracted from experimental data for the $v_3$ distribution.
description: 16 pages; 9 figures; v2: published version; The statistic of hydrodynamic simulation is increased for centralities below 40%; Hydrodynamic simulation results are removed from Fig. 2 and 3; Fig. 7 is added; A plot corresponds to the $p_T$ dependence of $\Gamma_2$ is added to Fig. 9;
Monolithic beam to external column joints in reinforced concrete
Creators: name: Motamed, Jubin
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2010

description: The benefits of high strength concrete (HSC) in the construction of multi-storey buildings are commonly acknowledged. Past researchers have investigated the suitability of design codes for the use of HSC [1]. However, there are concerns about the shear behaviour of HSC beams and BCJ used in the construction of these buildings. HSC beams have equal or less shear resistance compared to normal strength concrete (NSC) beams [2], and the brittleness of HSC material could be unsuitable for BCJ as confinement stirrups may not be as effective as NSC in the column due to a smaller Poisson’s ratio. This research investigates the behaviour of HSC beams, BCJ and transfer beam column joints (TBCJ), and develop appropriate design modifications to improve their shear capacity. HSC beams were strengthened with horizontal web bars (HWB), while TBCJ were strengthened with central vertical bars (CVB). Finite element (FE) models were developed for these structures and the numerical results were compared with those of the published experimental results, concluding that good agreement had been achieved. Beam span/depth (a/d) ratio of 1.5≤a/d ≤3.02 and BCJ of beam to column depth ( db/dc ) ratio of 1.33 ≤ db/dc ≤3.1 were analysed. The FE models were compared with published test results and further ones were developed to carry out various parametric investigations. Struts and ties were mechanically modelled for beams with HWB and for TBCJ with CVB are used to recommend design equation modifications for the design of HSC beams with HWB and TBCJ with CVB. It was found that HWB and CVB are effective in beams and BCJ only with HSC as they have little influence when they were used with NSC. Using HWB in HSC beams and CVB in HSC TBCJ improved the shear capacity of these structures by 130% and 31% respectively. 1 - Regan, P. E., Kennedy -Reid I. L., Pullen, A. D., Smith, D. A. ‘The influence of aggregate type on the shear resistance of reinforced concrete’ – The Structural Engineer. 6 December 2005. p 27-32. 2 - Al-Hussaini, A. Motamed, J. ‘HSC beams with combination of links and horizontal web steel as alternative shear reinforcement’. 6th International Symposium on Utilization of High Strength/High Performance Concrete, Leipzig, June 2002. p 611- 619
Device-independent tests of quantum states
Creators: name: Dall'Arno, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a correspondence between quantum states and the observable input-output correlations they are compatible with. The problem is framed as a game involving an experimenter, claiming to be able to prepare some family of states, and a theoretician, whose aim is to falsify such a claim based on observed correlations only. For any such a claim, the optimal strategy consists of providing: i) to the experimenter, all the measurements that generate extremal input-output correlations, and ii) to the theoretician, the full characterization of such correlations. Comparing the correlations observed in i) with those predicted by ii) corresponds to device-independently testing the states. While no assumption is made about the actual states and measurements, we derive the optimal strategy in closed-form for the case when the claim consists of qubit states and the performed measurements are tests, and as applications we specify our results to the case of any pair of pure states and to the case of pure states uniformly distributed on the Bloch equatorial plane.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Markovian evolution of quantum coherence under symmetric dynamics
Creators: name: Lostaglio, Matteo
name: Korzekwa, Kamil
name: Milne, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both conservation laws and practical restrictions impose symmetry constraints on the dynamics of open quantum systems. In the case of time-translation symmetry, which arises naturally in many physically relevant scenarios, the quantum coherence between energy eigenstates becomes a valuable resource for quantum information processing. In this work we identify the minimum amount of decoherence compatible with this symmetry for a given population dynamics. This yields a generalisation to higher-dimensional systems of the relation $T_2 \leq 2 T_1$ for qubit decoherence and relaxation times. It also enables us to witness and assess the role of non-Markovianity as a resource for coherence preservation and transfer. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between ergodicity and the ability of Markovian dynamics to indefinitely sustain a superposition of different energy states. Finally, we establish a formal connection between the resource-theoretic and the master equation approaches to thermodynamics, with the former being a non-Markovian generalisation of the latter. Our work thus brings the abstract study of quantum coherence as a resource towards the realm of actual physical applications.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. Added discussion on the resource theory of thermal operations. Close to published version
A Model of Multi-Agent Consensus for Vague and Uncertain Beliefs
Creators: name: Crosscombe, Michael
name: Lawry, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Consensus formation is investigated for multi-agent systems in which agents' beliefs are both vague and uncertain. Vagueness is represented by a third truth state meaning \emph{borderline}. This is combined with a probabilistic model of uncertainty. A belief combination operator is then proposed which exploits borderline truth values to enable agents with conflicting beliefs to reach a compromise. A number of simulation experiments are carried out in which agents apply this operator in pairwise interactions, under the bounded confidence restriction that the two agents' beliefs must be sufficiently consistent with each other before agreement can be reached. As well as studying the consensus operator in isolation we also investigate scenarios in which agents are influenced either directly or indirectly by the state of the world. For the former we conduct simulations which combine consensus formation with belief updating based on evidence. For the latter we investigate the effect of assuming that the closer an agent's beliefs are to the truth the more visible they are in the consensus building process. In all cases applying the consensus operators results in the population converging to a single shared belief which is both crisp and certain. Furthermore, simulations which combine consensus formation with evidential updating converge faster to a shared opinion which is closer to the actual state of the world than those in which beliefs are only changed as a result of directly receiving new evidence. Finally, if agent interactions are guided by belief quality measured as similarity to the true state of the world, then applying the consensus operator alone results in the population converging to a high quality shared belief.
Disorder-induced dephasing in backscattering-free quantum transport
Creators: name: Gneiting, Clemens
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the disorder-perturbed transport of quantum states in the absence of backscattering. This comprises, for instance, the propagation of edge-mode wave packets in topological insulators, or the propagation of photons in inhomogeneous media. We quantify the disorder-induced dephasing, which we show to be bound. Moreover, we identify a gap condition to remain in the backscattering-free regime despite disorder-induced momentum broadening. Our analysis comprises the full disorder-averaged quantum state, on the level of both populations and coherences, appreciating states as potential carriers of quantum information. The well-definedness of states is guaranteed by our treatment of the nonequilibrium dynamics with Lindblad master equations.
description: 6 pages
Symbolic, Distributed and Distributional Representations for Natural Language Processing in the Era of Deep Learning: a Survey
Creators: name: Ferrone, Lorenzo
name: Zanzotto, Fabio Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; I.2.6
subject: 68T05, 68T50

description: Natural language is inherently a discrete symbolic representation of human knowledge. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) and in natural language processing (NLP) seem to contradict the above intuition: discrete symbols are fading away, erased by vectors or tensors called distributed and distributional representations. However, there is a strict link between distributed/distributional representations and discrete symbols, being the first an approximation of the second. A clearer understanding of the strict link between distributed/distributional representations and symbols may certainly lead to radically new deep learning networks. In this paper we make a survey that aims to renew the link between symbolic representations and distributed/distributional representations. This is the right time to revitalize the area of interpreting how discrete symbols are represented inside neural networks.
description: 25 pages
Explaining low l anomalies in the CMB power spectrum with resonant superstring excitations during inflation
Creators: name: Gangopadhyay, Mayukh R.
name: Mathews, Grant J.
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Kajino, Toshitaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibility that both the suppression of the $\ell = 2$ multipole moment of the power spectrum of cosmic microwave background temperature fluctuations and the possible dip for $\ell = 10-30$ can be explained as well as a possible new dip for $\ell \approx 60$ as the result of the resonant creation of sequential excitations of a fermionic (or bosonic) closed superstring that couples to the inflaton field. We consider a D=26 closed bosonic string with one toroidal compact dimension as an illustration of how string excitations might imprint themselves on the CMB. We analyze the existence of successive momentum states, winding states or oscillations on the string as the source of the three possible dips in the power spectrum. Although the evidence of these dips are of marginal statistical significance, this might constitute the first observational evidence of successive superstring excitations in Nature.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures Published in EPJC, version matches published version, triangle plot colour version available in the journal published version
Resonant transport and near-field effects in photonic glasses
Creators: name: Aubry, Geoffroy J.
name: Schertel, Lukas
name: Chen, Mengdi
name: Weyer, Henrik
name: Aegerter, Christof M.
name: Polarz, Sebastian
name: Cölfen, Helmut
name: Maret, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental quantity in multiple scattering is the transport mean free path the inverse of which describes the scattering strength of a sample. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of an appropriate description of the effective refractive index $n_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in multiple light scattering to accurately describe the light transport in dense photonic glasses. Using $n_{\mathrm{eff}}$ as calculated by the energy-density coherent potential approximation we are able to predict the transport mean free path of monodisperse photonic glasses. This model without any fit parameter is in qualitative agreement with numerical simulations and in fair quantitative agreement with spectrally resolved coherent backscattering measurements on new specially synthesized polystyrene photonic glasses. These materials exhibit resonant light scattering perturbed by strong near-field coupling, all captured within the model. Our model might be used to maximize the scattering strength of high index photonic glasses, which are a key in the search for Anderson localization of light in three dimensions.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Inverse resonance problems for the Schroedinger operator on the real line with mixed given data
Creators: name: Xu, Xiao-Chuan
name: Yang, Chuan-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34A55, 34L25, 47E05

description: In this work, we study inverse resonance problems for the Schrödinger operator on the real line with the potential supported in $[0,1]$. In general, all eigenvalues and resonances can not uniquely determine the potential. (i) It is shown that if the potential is known a priori on $[0,1/2]$, then the unique recovery of the potential on the whole interval from all eigenvalues and resonances is valid. (ii) If the potential is known a priori on $[0,a]$, then for the case $a>1/2$, infinitely many eigenvalues and resonances can be missing for the unique determination of the potential, and for the case $a<1/2$, all eigenvalues and resonances plus a part of so-called sign-set can uniquely determine the potential. (iii) It is also shown that all eigenvalues and resonances, together with a set of logarithmic derivative values of eigenfunctions and wave-functions at $1/2$, can uniquely determine the potential.
description: 12 pages
Energy optimization for distributions on the sphere and improvement to the Welch bounds
Creators: name: Tan, Yan Shuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 60E15, 52A40, 15A69

description: For any Borel probability measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$, we may define a family of eccentricity tensors. This new notion, together with a tensorization trick, allows us to prove an energy minimization property for rotationally invariant probability measures. We use this theory to give a new proof of the Welch bounds, and to improve upon them for collections of real vectors. In addition, we are able to give elementary proofs for two theorems characterizing probability measures optimizing one-parameter families of energy integrals on the sphere. We are also able to explain why a phase transition occurs for optimizers of these two families.
AGN jet feedback on a moving mesh: cocoon inflation, gas flows and turbulence
Creators: name: Bourne, Martin A.
name: Sijacki, Debora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many observed galaxy clusters, jets launched by the accretion process on to supermassive black holes, inflate large-scale cavities filled with energetic, relativistic plasma. This process is thought to be responsible for regulating cooling losses, thus moderating the inflow of gas on to the central galaxy, quenching further star formation and maintaining the galaxy in a red and dead state. In this paper, we implement a new jet feedback scheme into the moving mesh-code arepo, contrast different jet injection techniques and demonstrate the validity of our implementation by comparing against simple analytical models. We find that jets can significantly affect the intracluster medium (ICM), offset the overcooling through a number of heating mechanisms, as well as drive turbulence, albeit within the jet lobes only. Jet-driven turbulence is, however, a largely ineffective heating source and is unlikely to dominate the ICM heating budget even if the jet lobes efficiently fill the cooling region, as it contains at most only a few per cent of the total injected energy. We instead show that the ICM gas motions, generated by orbiting substructures, while inefficient at heating the ICM, drive large-scale turbulence and when combined with jet feedback, result in line-of-sight velocities and velocity dispersions consistent with the Hitomi observations of the Perseus cluster.
description: 31 pages, 19 figures, MNRAS accepted
General form of the full electromagnetic Green function in materials physics
Creators: name: Schober, G. A. H.
name: Starke, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we present the general form of the full electromagnetic Green function which is suitable for the application in bulk materials physics. In particular, we show how the seven adjustable parameter functions of the free Green function translate into seven corresponding parameter functions of the full Green function. Furthermore, for both the fundamental response tensor and the electromagnetic Green function, we discuss the reduction of the Dyson equation on the four-dimensional Minkowski space to an equivalent, three-dimensional Cartesian Dyson equation.
description: consistent with published version in Chin. J. Phys. (2019)
Kinetic models for topological nearest-neighbor interactions
Creators: name: Blanchet, Adrien
name: Degond, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider systems of agents interacting through topological interactions. These have been shown to play an important part in animal andhuman behavior. Precisely, the system consists of a finite number of particles characterized by their positions and velocities. At random times arandomly chosen particle, the follower, adopts the velocity of its closest neighbor, the leader. We study the limit of a system size going to infinityand, under the assumption of propagation of chaos, show that the limit kinetic equation is a non-standard spatial diffusion equation for the particle distribution function. We also study the case wherein the particles interact with their K closest neighbors and show that the correspondingkinetic equation is the same. Finally, we prove that these models can be seen as a singular limit of the smooth rank-based model previously studied in [10]. The proofs are based on a combinatorial interpretation of the rank as well as some concentration of measure arguments.
description: Journal of Statistical Physics, Springer Verlag, 2017
Federico Morelli, I prezzi dei materiali e prodotti artigianali nei documenti tardoantichi e del primo periodo arabo (IV ex.-VIII d.C.). MPER N.S XXXIII, Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2019
Creators: name: Berkes, Lajos
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Joint multi-patch reconstruction: fast and improved results by stochastic optimization
Creators: name: Zdun, Lena
name: Boberg, Marija
name: Brandt, Christina
Publisher: name: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging
Year: 2022

description: In order to measure larger volumes in magnetic particle imaging, it is necessary to divide the region of interest into several patches and measure those patches individually due to a limited size of the field of view. This procedure yields truncation artifacts at the patches boundaries during reconstruction. Applying a regularization which takes into account neighbourhood structures not only on one patch but across all patches can significantly reduce those artifacts. However, the current state-of-the-art reconstruction method using the Kaczmarz algorithm is limited to Tikhonov regularization. We thus propose to use the stochastic primal-dual hybrid gradient method to solve the multi-patch reconstruction task. Our experiments show that the quality of our reconstructions is significantly higher than those obtained by Tikhonov regularization and Kaczmarz method. Moreover, using our proposed method, a joint reconstruction considerably reduces the computational costs compared to multiple single-patch reconstructions. The algorithm proposed is thus competitive to the current state-of-the-art method not only regarding reconstruction quality but also concerning the computational effort. Int. J. Mag. Part. Imag. 8(2), 2022, Article ID: 2212002, DOI: 10.18416/IJMPI.2022.2212002
description: International Journal on Magnetic Particle Imaging, Vol 8 No 2 (2022)
Daniel Dornhofer. Petrarkistischer Diskurs und höfische Kommunikation im Wandel. Strategien schottischer Dichter, 1580–1625
Creators: name: Klaudies, Alexander
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 820 Englische und altenglische (Angelsächsische) Literaturen

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Ernst Robert Curtius, Elemente der Bildung. Aus dem Nachlass hg. von ErnstPeter Wieckenberg und Barbara Picht. Mit einem Nachwort versehen von ErnstPeter Wieckenberg. Beck, München 2017. 517 S., € 48,‒.
Creators: name: Asholt, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 830 Deutsche Literatur und Literaturen verwandter Sprachen

description: Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
GPU accelerated population annealing algorithm
Creators: name: Barash, Lev Yu.
name: Weigel, Martin
name: Borovský, Michal
name: Janke, Wolfhard
name: Shchur, Lev N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Population annealing is a promising recent approach for Monte Carlo simulations in statistical physics, in particular for the simulation of systems with complex free-energy landscapes. It is a hybrid method, combining importance sampling through Markov chains with elements of sequential Monte Carlo in the form of population control. While it appears to provide algorithmic capabilities for the simulation of such systems that are roughly comparable to those of more established approaches such as parallel tempering, it is intrinsically much more suitable for massively parallel computing. Here, we tap into this structural advantage and present a highly optimized implementation of the population annealing algorithm on GPUs that promises speed-ups of several orders of magnitude as compared to a serial implementation on CPUs. While the sample code is for simulations of the 2D ferromagnetic Ising model, it should be easily adapted for simulations of other spin models, including disordered systems. Our code includes implementations of some advanced algorithmic features that have only recently been suggested, namely the automatic adaptation of temperature steps and a multi-histogram analysis of the data at different temperatures.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures and 5 tables, code at https://github.com/LevBarash/PAising
The Creative Process of Cultural Evolution
Creators: name: Gabora, Liane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Even this saying itself is a variant of a similar statement attributed to Bernard of Chartres in the 12th Century, and inspired the title for a book by Steven Hawking and an album by Oasis. Creative ideas beget other creative ideas and, as a result, modifications accumulate, and we see an overall increase in the complexity of cultural novelty over time, a phenomenon sometimes referred to as the ratchet effect (Tomasello, Kruger, & Ratner, 1993). Although we may never meet the people or objects that creatively influence us, by assimilating what we encounter around us and bringing to bear our own insights and perspectives, we all contribute in our own way, however small, to a second evolutionary process -- the evolution of culture. This chapter explores how we can better understand culture by understanding the creative processes that fuel it, and better understand creativity by examining it from its cultural context. First, we look at some theoretical frameworks for how culture evolves and what these frameworks imply for the role of creativity. Then we will see how questions about the relationship between creativity and cultural evolution have been addressed using an agent-based model. We will also discuss studies of how creative outputs are influenced, in perhaps unexpected ways, by other ideas and individuals, and how individual creative styles "peek through" cultural outputs in different domains.
description: 26 pages; To appear in Leung, A., Kwan, L., & Liou, S. (Eds.) Handbook of Culture and Creativity: Basic Processes and Applied Innovations. Oxford: Oxford University Press
GRB 161219B-SN 2016jca: a powerful stellar collapse
Creators: name: Ashall, C.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Pian, E.
name: Woosley, S. E.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Prentice, S. J.
name: Kobayashi, S.
name: Holmbo, S.
name: Levan, A.
name: Perley, D.
name: Stritzinger, M. D.
name: Bufano, F.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Melandri, A.
name: Oates, S.
name: Rossi, A.
name: Selsing, J.
name: Zheng, W.
name: Castro-Tirado, A. J.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: D'Avanzo, P.
name: De Pasquale, M.
name: Emery, S.
name: Fruchter, A. S.
name: Hurley, K.
name: Moller, P.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Valeev, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations and analysis of the nearby gamma-ray burst GRB\,161219B (redshift $z=0.1475$) and the associated Type Ic supernova (SN) 2016jca. GRB\,161219B had an isotropic gamma-ray energy of $\sim 1.6 \times 10^{50}$\,erg. Its afterglow is likely refreshed at an epoch preceding the first photometric points (0.6\,d), which slows down the decay rates. Combined analysis of the SN light curve and multiwavelength observations of the afterglow suggest that the GRB jet was broad during the afterglow phase (full opening angle $\sim 42^\circ \pm 3^\circ$). Our spectral series shows broad absorption lines typical of GRB supernovae (SNe), which testify to the presence of material with velocities up to $\sim 0.25$c. The spectrum at 3.73\,d allows for the very early identification of a SN associated with a GRB. Reproducing it requires a large photospheric velocity ($35,000 \pm 7000$\,\kms). The kinetic energy of the SN is estimated through models to be \KE $\approx 4 \times 10^{52}$\,erg in spherical symmetry. The ejected mass in the explosion was \Mej $\approx 6.5 \pm 1.5$\,\Msun, much less than that of other GRB-SNe, demonstrating diversity among these events. The total amount of \Nifs\ in the explosion was $0.27 \pm 0.05$\,\Msun. The observed spectra require the presence of freshly synthesised \Nifs\ at the highest velocities, at least 3 times more than a standard GRB-SN. We also find evidence for a decreasing \Nifs\ abundance as a function of decreasing velocity. This suggests that SN\,2016jca was a highly aspherical explosion viewed close to on-axis, powered by a compact remnant. Applying a typical correction for asymmetry, the energy of SN\,2016jca was $\sim$ (1--3) $\times 10^{52}$\,erg, confirming that most of the energy produced by GRB-SNe goes into the kinetic energy of the SN ejecta.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor changes to figure
A fast estimator for the bispectrum and beyond - A practical method for measuring non-Gaussianity in 21-cm maps
Creators: name: Watkinson, Catherine A
name: Majumdar, Suman
name: Pritchard, Jonathan R
name: Mondal, Rajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we establish the accuracy and robustness of a fast estimator for the bispectrum - the "FFT bispectrum estimator". The implementation of the estimator presented here offers speed and simplicity benefits over a direct sampling approach. We also generalise the derivation so it may be easily be applied to any order polyspectra, such as the trispectrum, with the cost of only a handful of FFTs. All lower order statistics can also be calculated simultaneously for little extra cost. To test the estimator we make use of a non-linear density field, and for a more strongly non-Gaussian test case we use a toy-model of reionization in which ionized bubbles at a given redshift are all of equal size and are randomly distributed. Our tests find that the FFT estimator remains accurate over a wide range of k, and so should be extremely useful for analysis of 21-cm observations. The speed of the FFT bispectrum estimator makes it suitable for sampling applications, such as Bayesian inference. The algorithm we describe should prove valuable in the analysis of simulations and observations, and whilst we apply it within the field of cosmology, this estimator is useful in any field that deals with non-Gaussian data.
description: 11 pages, 7 Figures. MNRAS vol. 472, issue 2, pp. 2436-2446
Localized-itinerant dichotomy and unconventional magnetism in SrRu$_2$O$_6$
Creators: name: Okamoto, Satoshi
name: Ochi, Masayuki
name: Arita, Ryotaro
name: Yan, Jiaqiang
name: Trivedi, Nandini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electron correlations tend to generate local magnetic moments that usually order if the lattices are not too frustrated. The hexagonal compound SrRu$_2$O$_6$ has a relatively high Neel temperature but small local moments, which seem to be at odds with the nominal valence of Ru$^{5+}$ in the $t_{2g}^3$ configuration. Here, we investigate the electronic property of SrRu$_2$O$_6$ using density functional theory (DFT) combined with dynamical-mean-field theory (DMFT). We find that the strong hybridization between Ru $d$ and O $p$ states results in a Ru valence that is closer to $+4$, leading to the small ordered moment $\sim1.2μ_B$. While this is consistent with a DFT prediction, correlation effects are found to play a significant role. The local moment per Ru site remains finite $\sim2.3μ_B$ in the whole temperature range investigated. Due to the lower symmetry, the $t_{2g}$ manifold is split and the quasiparticle weight is renormalized significantly in the $a_{1g}$ state, while the renormalization in $e_g'$ states is about a factor of 2--3 weaker. Our theoretical Neel temperature $\sim700$~K is in reasonable agreement with experimental observations. SrRu$_2$O$_6$ is a unique system in which localized and itinerant electrons coexist with the proximity to an orbitally-selective Mott transition within the $t_{2g}$ sector.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Physics of hollow Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Padavić, Karmela
name: Sun, Kuei
name: Lannert, Courtney
name: Vishveshwara, Smitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bose-Einstein condensate shells, while occurring in ultracold systems of coexisting phases and potentially within neutron stars, have yet to be realized in isolation on Earth due to the experimental challenge of overcoming gravitational sag. Motivated by the expected realization of hollow condensates by the space-based Cold Atomic Laboratory in microgravity conditions, we study a spherical condensate undergoing a topological change from a filled sphere to a hollow shell. We argue that the collective modes of the system show marked and robust signatures of this hollowing transition accompanied by the appearance of a new boundary. In particular, we demonstrate that the frequency spectrum of the breathing modes shows a pronounced depression as it evolves from the filled sphere limit to the hollowing transition. Furthermore, when the center of the system becomes hollow surface modes show a global restructuring of their spectrum due to the availability of a new, inner, surface for supporting density distortions. We pinpoint universal features of this topological transition as well as analyse the spectral evolution of collective modes in the experimentally relevant case of a bubble-trap.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
A proposal about the meaning of scale, scope and resolution in the context of the interpretation process
Creators: name: Febres, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When considering perceptions, the observation scale and resolution are closely related properties. There is consensus in considering resolution as the density of elementary pieces of information in a specified information space. Differently, with the concept of scale, several conceptions compete for a consistent meaning. Scale is typically regarded as way to indicate the degree of detail in which an observation is performed. But surprisingly, there is not a unified definition of scale as a description's property. This paper offers a precise definition of scale, and a method to quantify it as a property associated to the interpretation of a description. To complete the parameters needed to describe the perception of a description, the concepts of scope and resolution are also exposed with an exact meaning. A model describing the recursive process of interpretation, based on evolving steps of scale, scope and resolution, is introduced. The model relies on the conception of observation scale and its association to the selection of symbols. Five experiments illustrate the application of these concepts, showing that resolution, scale and scope integrate the set of properties to define any point of view from which an observation is performed and interpreted.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables
Dynamical centers for the elliptic quantum algebra ${\mathcal{B}}_{q,λ}(\hat{gl}_2)_c$
Creators: name: Avan, J.
name: Frappat, L.
name: Ragoucy, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We identify generating functionals that satisfy dynamical exchange relations with the Lax matrices defining the face-type elliptic quantum algebra ${\mathcal{B}}_{q,λ}(\hat{gl}_{2})_c$, when the central charge takes the two possible values $c =\pm 2$. These generating functionals are constructed as quadratic trace-like objects in terms of the Lax matrices. The obtained structures are characterized as "dynamical centers", i.e. the centrality property is deformed by dynamical shifts. For these values, the functionals define (genuine) abelian subalgebras of ${\mathcal{B}}_{q,λ}(\hat{gl}_{2})_c$.
description: 17 pages
Le principe de Hasse pour les espaces homogènes : réduction au cas des stabilisateurs finis (The Hasse principle for homogeneous spaces: reduction to the case of finite stabilizers)
Creators: name: Demarche, Cyril
name: Arteche, Giancarlo Lucchini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 11E72

description: Nous montrons, pour une grande famille de propriétés $P$ des espaces homogènes, que $P$ vaut pour tout espace homogène d'un groupe linéaire connexe dès qu'elle vaut pour les espaces homogènes de $\mathrm{SL}_n$ à stabilisateur fini. Nous réduisons notamment à ce cas particulier la vérification d'une importante conjecture de Colliot-Thélène sur l'obstruction de Brauer-Manin au principe de Hasse et à l'approximation faible. Des travaux récents de Harpaz et Wittenberg montrent que le résultat principal s'applique également à la conjecture analogue (dite conjecture (E)) pour les zéro-cycles. We prove, for a wide family of properties $P$ of homogeneous spaces, that if $P$ is satisfied for homogeneous spaces of $\mathrm{SL}_n$ with finite stabilizers, then $P$ is satisfied for all homogeneous spaces of linear connected groups. In particular, we reduce to this particular case the verification of an important conjecture by Colliot-Thélène on the Brauer-Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle and to weak approximation. Recent work by Harpaz and Wittenberg show that our main result can also be applied to the analog conjecture on zero-cycles (known as conjecture (E)).
description: 30 pages, in French. V4: generalized Sections 2, 3 and 4 to perfect fields assuming that all algebraic groups are smooth (with practically no changes!); other minor changes
Renormalizable Group Field Theory beyond melonic diagrams: an example in rank four
Creators: name: Carrozza, Sylvain
name: Lahoche, Vincent
name: Oriti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove the renormalizability of a gauge-invariant, four-dimensional GFT model on SU(2), whose defining interactions correspond to necklace bubbles (found also in the context of new large-N expansions of tensor models), rather than melonic ones, which are not renormalizable in this case. The respective scaling of different interactions in the vicinity of the Gaussian fixed point is determined by the renormalization group itself. This is possible because the appropriate notion of canonical dimension of the GFT coupling constants takes into account the detailed combinatorial structure of the individual interaction terms. This is one more instance of the peculiarity (and greater mathematical richness) of GFTs with respect to ordinary local quantum field theories. We also explore the renormalization group flow of the model at the non-perturbative level, using functional renormalization group methods, and identify a non-trivial fixed point in various truncations. This model is expected to have a similar structure of divergences as the GFT models of 4d quantum gravity, thus paving the way to more detailed investigations on them.
description: 30 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables; v2: acknowledgements added; v3: minor modifications (including in the title), matches published version
Associating Fast Radio Bursts with Their Host Galaxies
Creators: name: Eftekhari, T.
name: Berger, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first precise localization of a fast radio burst (FRB), leading to an association with a low metallicity dwarf galaxy at $z=0.193$, has began to shed light on the nature of these mysterious bursts and the physical mechanisms that power them. Increasing the sample of FRBs with robust host galaxy associations is the key impetus behind on-going and upcoming searches and facilities. Here, we quantify the robustness of FRB-host galaxy associations as a function of localization area and galaxy apparent magnitude. We also explore the use of FRB dispersion measures to constrain the source redshift, thereby reducing the number of candidate hosts. We further use these results to demonstrate that even in the absence of a robust unique association, a constraint can be placed on the maximum luminosity of a host galaxy as a function of localization area and DM. We examine these results in the context of existing and future FRB facilities. We find that localizations of $\lesssim 0.5''$ are required for a chance coincidence probability of $\lesssim 1\%$ for dwarf galaxies at $z\gtrsim 0.1$; if some hosts have luminosities of $\sim L^*$, then localizations of up to $\approx 3''$ may suffice at $z\sim 0.1$ (but $\lesssim 1''$ at $z\approx 1$). Constraints on the redshift from the DM only marginally improve the association probability, unless the DM is low, $\lesssim 400$ pc cm$^{-3}$ ($z\lesssim 0.5$). This approach also relies on the determination of galaxy redshifts, which is challenging at $z\gtrsim 0.5$ if the hosts are generally dwarf galaxies. Finally, interesting limits on the maximum host luminosity (for example, sufficient to demonstrate that the hosts are generally dwarf galaxies) require localizations of $\lesssim 5''$ at $z\gtrsim 0.1$. Even a few such localizations will shed light on the nature of FRB progenitors, their possible diversity, and their use as cosmological tools.
description: 8 Pages, 3 Figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
ENHANCING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT INITIATIVES FOR NEW ACADEMIC STAFF IN THE SCHOOL OF NURSING AND HEALTH CARE LEADERSHIP
Creators: name: Nadia, Khan
name: Ethan, Cooper
Publisher: name: ZAP journals
Year: 2024
Subjects: Novice academic staff
support
induction and orientation
professional development
quality improvement
project

description: Recruiting and retaining appropriately qualified academic staff is vital for the delivery of high-quality teaching in any academic setting, including health care and nursing. Evidence suggests that transition from an expert clinician to becoming a novice academic in the field of adult nursing could be challenging. A Quality Improvement project was undertaken to develop a structured induction and orientation programme in the School of Nursing and Health Care Leadership ensuring a smooth introduction to academia. The outcome of the QI project suggests that novice academics benefit from a structured induction and orientation programme helping in the smooth transition from expert clinician to becoming a novice academic
On the Information Dimension of Stochastic Processes
Creators: name: Geiger, Bernhard C.
name: Koch, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 1959, Rényi proposed the information dimension and the $d$-dimensional entropy to measure the information content of general random variables. This paper proposes a generalization of information dimension to stochastic processes by defining the information dimension rate as the entropy rate of the uniformly-quantized stochastic process divided by minus the logarithm of the quantizer step size $1/m$ in the limit as $m\to\infty$. It is demonstrated that the information dimension rate coincides with the rate-distortion dimension, defined as twice the rate-distortion function $R(D)$ of the stochastic process divided by $-\log(D)$ in the limit as $D\downarrow 0$. It is further shown that, among all multivariate stationary processes with a given (matrix-valued) spectral distribution function (SDF), the Gaussian process has the largest information dimension rate, and that the information dimension rate of multivariate stationary Gaussian processes is given by the average rank of the derivative of the SDF. The presented results reveal that the fundamental limits of almost zero-distortion recovery via compressible signal pursuit and almost lossless analog compression are different in general.
description: 23 pages, double column. Accepted for publication in the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, copyright (c) 2019 IEEE. This version supersedes our previous submissions arXiv:1702.00645v2 and arXiv:1712.07863