cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Micro-Raman Investigation of Silicon Nitride Embedding Si Nanostructures
Creators: name: Mercaldo, L.V.
name: Delli Veneri, P.
name: Esposito, E.M.
name: Fameli, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics: New Concepts and Ultra-high Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 223-228
description: First- and second-order Raman analysis has been carried out on as-grown and annealed silicon nitride
thin films with different stoichiometry deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD).
Rearrangement of bonds and crystallization of Si nanoaggregates have been induced by annealing the samples at
temperatures ranging from 500 to 1100°C. A resonant Raman spectrum has been observed for one sample after an
intermediate annealing step, probably due to the formation of amorphous Si nanoparticles with bandgap tuned to the
excitation light. Evidence of nucleation of Si nanocrystals in the first-order spectra has been found only after the
highest temperature treatment. With a model description of the data, information regarding mean radius, size
dispersion, and crystalline phase fraction has been extracted. The results are consistent with the fundamental
description derived from time-consuming and destructive transmission electron microscopy. Enhanced second order
mode has been observed. The increased second to first order intensity ratio has been ascribed to stronger electronphonon
coupling in the nanostructures compared to bulk material.
Modelling Thermonuclear X-ray Bursts on Accreting Neutron Stars
Creators: name: ZAC PETER JOHNSTON
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Astrophysics

description: X-ray bursts are the most common nuclear explosions in the universe, and occur on the surface of neutron stars. This thesis develops new methods of modelling these bursts using computer simulations, which can be used to improve our understanding of neutron stars and extremely dense matter.
Individual Variation in Immune Function in the Purple-crowned Fairy-wren (Malurus coronatus)
Creators: name: MICHAEL JAMES ROAST
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110799 Immunology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Immune function is essential for survival. However, individuals vary greatly in their immune function. This thesis examines the possible drivers of variation in immunity and the potential consequences for fitness and survival in wild purple-crowned fairy-wrens. By using a long-studied population, detailed information about life histories can be matched to the immune status of individuals. I focus on variation in baseline immune defences, and how it relates to environmental and intrinsic factors. I assess how this affects the reproductive fitness and survival of these individuals. I find evidence that immune flexibility in individuals could be key to maximising fitness.
Photoluminescence Imaging on Silicon Bricks
Creators: name: Trupke, T.
name: Nyhus, J.
name: Sinton, R.A.
name: Weber, J.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1029-1033
description: Photoluminescence imaging on silicon bricks prior to wafer sawing is explored. It is shown that
photoluminescence images can be measured on the side facets of cast Boron doped bricks with high spatial resolution and
short measurement times. These images are analysed in terms of variations of the bulk lifetime and compared to quasi steady
state photoconductance and microwave photoconductance decay measurements. It is shown that typical experimental
conditions for photoluminescence imaging are well suited for the analysis of bulk lifetimes in silicon bricks since data can be
measured with homogeneous one Sun equivalent illumination intensity and reported for an average injection level that is not
only representative of the operating conditions of a typical industrial solar cell but also almost independent of variations in
the lifetime.
Impact of climate change on a sub-Antarctic keystone cushion plant, Azorella macquariensis (Apiaceae)
Creators: name: CATHERINE RUTH DICKSON
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: Botany
subject: Ecology

description: Over the last decade there has been widespread dieback in the keystone plant species on Australia's sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island in response to climate change. This research identified multiple microclimate factors driving dieback, and promoting plant disease. Natural southern refugia for the species were identified where conditions remain more naturally cold. Under current climate projections, low plant recovery and feedbacks between parts of the ecosystem suggest that the situation will continue to worsen and ultimately result in localised ecosystem collapse. To maintain ecosystem function, a range of bolder, time-critical recovery actions are recommended, integrating research with adaptive management options.
Stability of Front Surface Passivation of Back-Contact Back-Junction Silicon Solar Cells Under UV Illumination
Creators: name: Granek, F.
name: Reichel, C.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1047-1050
description: The performance of n-type silicon back-contact back-junction (BC-BJ) solar cells under the
illumination with high energy ultraviolet (UV) photons was investigated and the impact of a phosphorus doped front
surface field (FSF) layer on the UV-stability of the front surface passivation was analyzed. Solar cells without a FSF
showed a significant performance reduction when exposed to UV light. The surface saturation current density (J0e),
determined by lifetime measurements on test structures without a FSF, increased from 48 to 446 fA/cm2 after the UV
exposure. At the same time the efficiency of the BC-BJ solar cells without a FSF decreased from 19.8 % to 14.3 %.
On the other hand, the tested n+nn+ lifetime test structures and the BC-BJ solar cells with a FSF diffusion were stable
under UV exposure, i.e. J0e increased only minimally and the efficiency of these cells was not affected by the UV
illumination. The performance of the UV-degraded solar cells without FSF, could be improved during a forming gas
anneal (FGA).
Understanding the Warm Water Volume Precursor of ENSO events
Creators: name: SONJA MARIE NESKE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: This thesis has improved understanding on the predictability of the El Niño- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) – a climatic phenomenon in the tropical Pacific region which occurs every 2-7 years. These events can have devastating socioeconomic consequences on a near-global scale. Interestingly, although researchers were previously able to predict such events 9 months in advance, since the year 2000, this capacity has reduced to only 3 months. This thesis has found evidence that this shortened ENSO predictability time results from post-2000 changes in winds affecting the physical dynamics in the tropical Pacific Ocean in a different way compared to the pre-2000 period.
Fine-scale foraging behaviour of an inshore marine top-predator: implications for marine management
Creators: name: SONIA SANCHEZ GOMEZ
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Understanding where animals get their resources from is crucial to manage and conserve important habitats. Here, I use little penguins from Phillip Island to investigate their foraging and diving behaviour in the northern Bass Strait. By monitoring foraging trips and diving performance of penguins, I obtained fine-scale data on movement and habitat use that revealed where their feeding hotspots are and how these change over time and space. I found a strong spatial foraging segregation between two neighbouring colonies and a high variability in the distribution of penguins’ foraging areas. These findings have direct implications for local marine spatial planning.
VRBubble: Enhancing Peripheral Awareness of Avatars for People with Visual Impairments in Social Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Ji, Tiger
name: Cochran, Brianna R.
name: Zhao, Yuhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social Virtual Reality (VR) is growing for remote socialization and collaboration. However, current social VR applications are not accessible to people with visual impairments (PVI) due to their focus on visual experiences. We aim to facilitate social VR accessibility by enhancing PVI's peripheral awareness of surrounding avatar dynamics. We designed VRBubble, an audio-based VR technique that provides surrounding avatar information based on social distances. Based on Hall's proxemic theory, VRBubble divides the social space with three Bubbles -- Intimate, Conversation, and Social Bubble -- generating spatial audio feedback to distinguish avatars in different bubbles and provide suitable avatar information. We provide three audio alternatives: earcons, verbal notifications, and real-world sound effects. PVI can select and combine their preferred feedback alternatives for different avatars, bubbles, and social contexts. We evaluated VRBubble and an audio beacon baseline with 12 PVI in a navigation and a conversation context. We found that VRBubble significantly enhanced participants' avatar awareness during navigation and enabled avatar identification in both contexts. However, VRBubble was shown to be more distracting in crowded environments.
description: The 24th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (ASSETS '22), 17 pages, 7 figures
Quantum Racah matrices and 3-strand braids in irreps R with |R|=4
Creators: name: Mironov, A.
name: Morozov, A.
name: Morozov, An.
name: Sleptsov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the inclusive Racah matrices for the first non-(anti)symmetric rectangular representation R=[2,2] for quantum groups U_q(sl_N). Most of them have sizes 2, 3, and 4 and are fully described by the eigenvalue hypothesis. Of two 6x6 matrices, one is also described in this way, but the other one corresponds to the case of degenerate eigenvalues and is evaluated by the highest weight method. Together with the much harder calculation for R=[3,1] in arXiv:1605.02313 and with the new method to extract exclusive matrices S and \bar S from the inclusive ones, this completes the story of Racah matrices for |R|\leq 4 and allows one to calculate and investigate the corresponding colored HOMFLY polynomials for arbitrary 3-strand and arborescent knots.
description: 7 pages
KICHIK BIZNES VA TADBIRKORLIKNI RIVOJLANTIRISHNING IQTISODIYOTGA TA'SIRI
Creators: name: G'affarova Xonzodaxon To'lqinboy qizi Andijon davlat universiteti magistranti
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu tezisda kichik biznes va tadbirkorlikni rivojlantirish orqali raqobat muhitini shakllantirishning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari o'rganiladi. Tadqiqot davomida kichik biznesning iqtisodiy rivojlanishdagi o'rni, raqobat muhitining tadbirkorlik faoliyatiga ta'siri hamda sohani yanada rivojlantirish bo'yicha taklif va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari mamlakat iqtisodiyoti o'sishi va raqobatbardoshligini oshirishga xizmat qilishi mumkin.

Kalit so'zlar: kichik biznes, tadbirkorlik, raqobat, raqobat muhiti, iqtisodiy rivojlanish, tadbirkorlik faoliyati, davlat siyosati
The Role of Encapsulant Moisture Permeability in the Durability of Solar Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Ketola, B.
name: Norris, A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4098-4102
description: Durability of PV modules is a significant factor for lowering the cost of PV generated electricity. Simply put,
the lifetime and sustained performance of a module directly impacts the number of kW-hrs it delivers. One of the major
concerns for module durability is corrosion because it can reduce the power output of a module by increasing resistance at
the electrical interconnects. Since corrosion is known to be accelerated by the presence of water, several PV module
durability studies have focused on the moisture permeability of encapsulation materials used for corrosion protection.
Because silicones are known to have relatively high moisture permeation rates, this has lead to the belief that silicones may
not be capable of protecting PV modules against corrosion. However silicones have been used in the protection of
commercial electronic circuitry for decades. This experience has led to the development of a model of corrosion that has
been used to develop commercial silicone products for use in the electronics industry. This model shows that corrosion
protection is a combination of effects, and that the moisture permeation is only one factor that influences corrosion
protection. This paper not only discusses the corrosion model, but shows actual examples of how silicones have been used to
successfully protect PV modules in the past and with Dow Corning® PV-6100 Cell Encapsulant Series.
Astrophysics of Binary Black Holes at the Dawn of Gravitational-Wave Astronomy
Creators: name: COLM MICHAEL TALBOT
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 20105 General Relativity and Gravitational Waves
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Astrophysics

description: Nearly a century after gravitational waves were first predicted by general relativity, gravitational waves were directly observed in September 2014, marking the beginning of the field of gravitational-wave astronomy. These travelling distortions of spacetime came from the collision of two black holes, the corpses of massive stars, over a billion light-years away. In the five years since this initial discovery, we have observed dozens more collisions of these cosmic corpses. In this thesis, I introduce theoretical models and computational methods to use this population of observations to learn how stars interact and explode, and probe the nature of spacetime.
Behaviours that challenge in people with intellectual disability
Creators: name: Groves, Laura
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Behaviours that challenge (BtC), such as self-injurious behaviour (SIB), aggression and destruction of property (DoP), are common in people with intellectual disability (ID). These can be persistent with significant negative impacts, thus, delivery of early interventions is critical. A meta-analysis was conducted to establish the efficacy of interventions for topographies of BtC (SIB, aggression, DoP, irritability, total BtC). Interventions for the reduction or prevention of BtC in people with ID evaluated utilising a randomised control trial design were included. Intervention, methodological and participant characteristics were examined as potential moderators. Small to moderate intervention effects were identified across topographies of BtC. Study design, pharmacological medication type and duration of intervention were associated with aggression outcomes. IQ scores were associated with irritability outcomes. Critically, no significant differences were found for non-pharmacological versus pharmacological interventions. To inform delivery of preventative interventions, correct identification of individuals at risk of BtC is required. This was the focus of the empirical paper. Prediction models of risk for topographies of BtC (SIB, aggression, DoP, any BtC) were generated utilising known risk markers and machine learning approaches. The models showed fair to good recall and precision. Application of these models to longitudinal data indicated good ability to detect persistence and incidence of behaviour over 12 months. The results of the meta-analysis and empirical paper have important implications that may guide the provision of interventions for BtC in clinical practice. Specifically, non-pharmacological interventions are efficacious in reducing BtC and should be considered as the primary response to BtC given their greater long-term efficacy and lower side effects relative to pharmacological approaches. Further, the delivery of interventions may be informed by prediction models of risk. This would allow services to move towards a proactive rather than reactive healthcare system for individual with ID showing or at risk of showing BtC.
Fluid Mechanics of Wire Sawing
Creators: name: Hejazialhosseini, B.
name: Noca, F.
name: Monkewitz, P.
name: Nasch, P.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1038-1040
description: The following paper investigates the fluid mechanical phenomena associated with wire sawing. While
it is arduous to perform direct measurements within the microscopic gap between the wire and the ingot, similarity
principles were used to scale up the measurement volume but a factor of 20 in order to facilitate the observations.
Since the parameter space characterizing wire sawing is very broad, it is impossible to maintain perfect similarity. In
order to palliate this drawback, two scaled up facilities were assembled, one based on a rotating wheel and one on an
actual sliding wire. The rotating wheel (which acts like a disk-saw) allowed the investigation of phenomena
associated with high slurry velocity while maintaining substantial abrasive (normal) forces. The drawback was that
the gap size was pre-determined and fairly constant. The sliding-wire setup was better suited for the analysis of gap
size. However, phenomena associated with the (violent) cutting process were not faithfully reproduced in the sliding
wire setup.
Simulating highly nonlocal Hamiltonians with less nonlocal Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Subasi, Yigit
name: Jarzynski, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The need for Hamiltonians with many-body interactions arises in various applications of quantum computing. However, interactions beyond two-body are difficult to realize experimentally. Perturbative gadgets were introduced to obtain arbitrary many-body effective interactions using Hamiltonians with two-body interactions only. Although valid for arbitrary $k$-body interactions, their use is limited to small $k$ because the strength of interaction is $k$'th order in perturbation theory. In this paper we develop a nonperturbative technique for obtaining effective $k$-body interactions using Hamiltonians consisting of at most $l$-body interactions with $l
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Commensurate and Incommensurate Vortex States Confined in Mesoscopic Triangles of Weak Pinning Superconducting Thin Films
Creators: name: Kokubo, Nobuhito
name: Miyahara, Hajime
name: Okayasu, Satoru
name: Nojima, Tsutomu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the direct observation of vortex states confined in equilateral and isosceles triangular dots of weak pinning amorphous superconducting thin films with a scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscope. The observed images illustrate not only pieces of a triangular vortex lattice as commensurate vortex states, but also incommensurate vortex states including metastable ones. We comparatively analyze vortex configurations found in different sample geometries and discuss the symmetry and stability of commensurate and incommensurate vortex configurations against deformations of the sample shape.
description: 3 figures, 1 table
Exploration for distal C-H functionalization of aliphatic and aromatics by Pd catalysis
Creators: name: SANDEEP YADAVRAO PIMPARKAR
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30601 Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Site selectivity is fundamental challenge in C-H activation reaction when multiple reactive C-H bonds are present in a molecule. This thesis depicts study on current challenges, solutions and effective methods developed to address site selectivity issues in C-H functionalization in aliphatic as well as aromatic by effective use of directing group approach via Pd catalysis. Work presented in thesis explains novel methods developed to reach distal gamma C-H bond of aliphatic acids and para C-H bond of aromatic for useful synthetic transformation in regio-selective manner.
Performance and Reliability of Modules with Anti-Reflective Coated Glass
Creators: name: Bunea, G.
name: Xavier, G.
name: Rose, D.
name: Nelson, L.
name: Peurach, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4103-4106
description: Anti-reflection coated (ARC) glass is being used in an increasing percentage of PV modules due to
expected higher power and energy output. Assurance of the energy gain and the reliability of the coating is essential to
create value. This paper reports on the steps taken to test, qualify, and release in production photovoltaic modules made
with ARC glass. The work focuses on porous SiO2 coatings made by sol-gel process. The qualification and validation
methodology used included 1) extensive accelerated testing for reliability and long-term performance based on tests
identified using a Design Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), 2) measurement of power gains over a large
number of modules, and 3) side-by-side field testing including frequently-monitored, large-volume sites and experiments
to identify sources of energy gain beyond the standard test conditions for power gain and validate the coating reliability.
Our production results to date show that standard test condition (STC) flash power gain due to ARC glass is on average
2.7%. After more than three years of outdoor testing in various climates, the energy production gain from ARC glass
modules is 3.5-5% depending on the type of installation and location. The higher energy gain as compared to STC flash
gain is due to improved coating gain in diffuse and off-angled light due to the effect of the refractive index and the light
scattering within the coating. Two years of controlled side-by-side testing at National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL)
shows that both uncoated and ARC coated modules increase in power, with modules with ARC increasing the most.
Evaluating Synthetic Bugs
Creators: name: Bundt, Joshua
name: Fasano, Andrew
name: Dolan-Gavitt, Brendan
name: Robertson, William
name: Leek, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fuzz testing has been used to find bugs in programs since the 1990s, but despite decades of dedicated research, there is still no consensus on which fuzzing techniques work best. One reason for this is the paucity of ground truth: bugs in real programs with known root causes and triggering inputs are difficult to collect at a meaningful scale. Bug injection technologies that add synthetic bugs into real programs seem to offer a solution, but the differences in finding these synthetic bugs versus organic bugs have not previously been explored at a large scale. Using over 80 years of CPU time, we ran eight fuzzers across 20 targets from the Rode0day bug-finding competition and the LAVA-M corpus. Experiments were standardized with respect to compute resources and metrics gathered. These experiments show differences in fuzzer performance as well as the impact of various configuration options. For instance, it is clear that integrating symbolic execution with mutational fuzzing is very effective and that using dictionaries improves performance. Other conclusions are less clear-cut; for example, no one fuzzer beat all others on all tests. It is noteworthy that no fuzzer found any organic bugs (i.e., one reported in a CVE), despite 50 such bugs being available for discovery in the fuzzing corpus. A close analysis of results revealed a possible explanation: a dramatic difference between where synthetic and organic bugs live with respect to the ''main path'' discovered by fuzzers. We find that recent updates to bug injection systems have made synthetic bugs more difficult to discover, but they are still significantly easier to find than organic bugs in our target programs. Finally, this study identifies flaws in bug injection techniques and suggests a number of axes along which synthetic bugs should be improved.
description: 15 pages
IV Measurements of mc-Si Solar Cells: Comparison of Results From Institute and Industry Partners Within the EU CrystalClear Project
Creators: name: Hahn, G.
name: Herguth, A.
name: Helfricht, A.
name: Hofmann, M.
name: Warta, W.
name: Van Der Borg, N.J.C.M.
name: Weeber, A.W.
name: John, J.
name: Beaucarne, G.
name: Bagus, S.
name: Nagel, H.
name: Le Quang, N.
name: Nichiporuk, O.
name: Vincueria, I.
name: Brochs, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1182-1187
description: Determination of solar cell parameters by illuminated IV measurement is a standard characterisation technique used by many partners active in photovoltaics. The aim of this work is to carry out a cross check of different measurement set-ups used by different research partners of the EU CrystalClear project using industrialtype multicrystalline Si solar cells. In a first round robin a significant spread of all cell parameters (Voc, jsc, FF and
efficiency) could be observed. After distribution of sister cells to selected cells calibrated at ISE CalLab, a second round robin was carried out. The spread in FF and jsc could be significantly reduced. Repeatability tests showed that by using a photo diode fluctuations of light intensity can be minimised and variations in jsc can be decreased down to 0.2 mA/cm2. Remaining systematic errors are control of cell temperature, contacting geometry, and use of appropriate reference cells.
Passivation Quality of Wet Oxides Grown from Purified Steam
Creators: name: Benick, J.
name: Zimmermann, K.
name: Spiegelman, J.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 1055-1058
description: An effective passivation of the rear surface is a prerequisite to considerably improve the conversion
efficiency of industrial solar cells. An excellent level of surface passivation on lowly doped p-type surfaces is
provided by thermal grown silicon oxides. However, dry thermal oxidation processes require relatively high
temperatures (~1000°C) and, due to the low growth rate, long process times. To decrease both oxidation temperature
and process time the dry oxidation process can be replaced by a wet oxidation. The most common way to introduce
high purity water vapor into the oxidation tube is the pyrolytic generation from high purity gases (H2 and O2). A
more easy and cost effective option for the supply of water vapour that was applied within this work is the direct
purification of steam. The passivation quality of dry and wet oxides, the latter grown from pyrolytic generated water
vapor and purified steam was compared within this work. The passivation quality obtained for the wet oxides grown
from purified steam was found to be comparable to those oxides grown from pyrolytic generated water vapor. On
LFC solar cells conversion efficiencies well above 20% could be reached independent of the oxide that was applied
for the rear side passivation.
Characterisation of Monocrystalline Silicon Texture Using Optical Reflectance Patterns
Creators: name: Mäckel, H.
name: Cambre, D.M.
name: Zaldo, C.
name: Albella, J.M.
name: Sánchez, S.
name: Vazquez Cárdeno, J.C.
name: Sanchez, I.
name: Vázquez, M.A.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1160-1163
description: Texturing of a silicon wafer by wet-chemical etching is a delicate process strongly affected by the composition, age and temperature of the chemical solution. This requires adequate process and quality control via diagnostic tools capable of analysing the wafer for reflectance, pyramid sizes, homogeneity and stains. A non-invasive method based on the measurement of the angular-resolved reflectance is presented, which records a spatially resolved ‘texture quality factor’. This parameter is compared to reflectance and SEM measurements, the latter providing a measure of pyramid size and coverage. The experiments show that the quality factor can be associated with the quality of texturisation with upright random pyramids. It exhibits a clearer relationship to the pyramid size and its degree of filling than the reflectance. It tends to decrease with increasing reflectance and to increase with increasing short-circuit current. However, it is unable to detect surface textures with over-etched pyramids.
Selective Emitter for Industrial Solar Cell Production: A Wet Chemical Approach Using a Single Side Diffusion Process
Creators: name: Dastgheib-Shirazi, A.
name: Haverkamp, H.
name: Raabe, B.
name: Book, F.
name: Hahn, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1197-1199
description: This work describes the implementation of a novel process for a single diffusion selective emitter fabrication on mono- and multicrystalline silicon solar cells. To create a selective emitter structure a wet chemical route for an emitter etch back process has been applied. The areas of the wafer that are intended for front side
metallization are shielded from etching by an acid resistant etch barrier. The emitter etch back and the removing of the etch barrier are implemented by a wet chemical process. By means of successfully transferring the described selective emitter structure on a standard screen printed cell process an increase of efficiency of more than 0.3 %abs. has been achieved.
DRYING EFFECTS ON THE BIOACTIVITY OF PIPER NIGRUM LINN BERRIES
Creators: name: THIVYAH MUNISPARAN
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This project is to investigate the effects of several different drying treatments on the bioactivity of P. nigrum fruits (black pepper). It was found that microwave and oven 100 C drying gave the best drying effects in terms of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The results obtained from this study could be beneficial to the pepper industry.
Qualification of Polymeric Components for Use in PV Modules: Identification and Evaluation of Appropriate Degradation Indicators
Creators: name: Oreski, G.
name: Möller, K.
name: Wallner, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4049-4055
description: The aim of these investigations was to identify and evaluate appropriate degradation indicators for
PV encapsulation materials in order to qualify new polymeric components and to predict the lifetime of materials
and modules. Therefore, the influence of the relevant load parameters ultraviolet radiation, temperature and
humidity on the degradation behavior of selected polymeric PV encapsulation materials had to be determined. A
test program concerning six accelerated aging tests was set up and a comprehensive study of five different solar
cell encapsulation materials and backsheet laminates materials and their degradation behavior was done.
Therefore, the material properties and the aging behavior were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy in
attenuated total reflection mode (ATR), by UV/VIS spectroscopy by dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) and
by tensile tests.
Different degradation indicators were derived from the characterization methods and explicitly discussed
considering the required property profile of polymers for PV encapsulation materials. With the definition of
reasonable end-of-life criteria, these degradation indicators serve as input data for lifetime modeling and
assessment. Furthermore, this procedure provides a basis for the qualification of new polymeric PV encapsulation
materials.
Radiative Transfer of HCN: Interpreting observations of hyperfine anomalies
Creators: name: Mullins, A. M.
name: Loughnane, R. M.
name: Redman, M. P.
name: Wiles, B.
name: Guegan, N.
name: Barrett, J.
name: Keto, E. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecules with hyperfine splitting of their rotational line spectra are useful probes of optical depth, via the relative line strengths of their hyperfine components.The hyperfine splitting is particularly advantageous in interpreting the physical conditions of the emitting gas because with a second rotational transition, both gas density and temperature can be derived. For HCN however, the relative strengths of the hyperfine lines are anomalous. They appear in ratios which can vary significantly from source to source, and are inconsistent with local thermodynamic equilibrium. This is the HCN hyperfine anomaly, and it prevents the use of simple LTE models of HCN emission to derive reliable optical depths. In this paper we demonstrate how to model HCN hyperfine line emission, and derive accurate line ratios, spectral line shapes and optical depths. We show that by carrying out radiative transfer calculations over each hyperfine level individually, as opposed to summing them over each rotational level, the anomalous hyperfine emission emerges naturally. To do this requires not only accurate radiative rates between hyperfine states, but also accurate collisional rates. We investigate the effects of different sets of hyperfine collisional rates, derived via the 'proportional method' and through direct recoupling calculations. Through an extensive parameter sweep over typical low mass star forming conditions, we show the HCN line ratios to be highly variable to optical depth. We also reproduce an observed effect whereby the red-blue asymmetry of the hyperfine lines (an infall signature) switches sense within a single rotational transition.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dynamic Causal Collaborative Filtering
Creators: name: Xu, Shuyuan
name: Tan, Juntao
name: Fu, Zuohui
name: Ji, Jianchao
name: Heinecke, Shelby
name: Zhang, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal graph, as an effective and powerful tool for causal modeling, is usually assumed as a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). However, recommender systems usually involve feedback loops, defined as the cyclic process of recommending items, incorporating user feedback in model updates, and repeating the procedure. As a result, it is important to incorporate loops into the causal graphs to accurately model the dynamic and iterative data generation process for recommender systems. However, feedback loops are not always beneficial since over time they may encourage more and more narrowed content exposure, which if left unattended, may results in echo chambers. As a result, it is important to understand when the recommendations will lead to echo chambers and how to mitigate echo chambers without hurting the recommendation performance. In this paper, we design a causal graph with loops to describe the dynamic process of recommendation. We then take Markov process to analyze the mathematical properties of echo chamber such as the conditions that lead to echo chambers. Inspired by the theoretical analysis, we propose a Dynamic Causal Collaborative Filtering ($\partial$CCF) model, which estimates users' post-intervention preference on items based on back-door adjustment and mitigates echo chamber with counterfactual reasoning. Multiple experiments are conducted on real-world datasets and results show that our framework can mitigate echo chambers better than other state-of-the-art frameworks while achieving comparable recommendation performance with the base recommendation models.
description: In ACM CIKM 2022
Stencil Print Applications and Progress for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Hoornstra, J.
name: Heurtault, B.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Wafer-based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 989-992
description: This paper describes laboratory testing to research the capabilities of stencil printing, as compared to screen printing, with a
focus on fine line high aspect ratio printing on crystalline silicon wafer material. Scanning of potential of screen and stencil
printing moving to finer fingers shows advantages for stencil printing. Testing of electroformed, laser cut, single and double
layer stencils, and using various pastes, demonstrates the need for improved paste rheology. Optimal line definition with an
aspect ratio of 0.37 was obtained with single layer stencils with fully open fingers. In a two step process, with a stencil for
only fingers, followed by screen print of the busbars, +0.4% efficiency gain was reached for industrial type mc-Si cells.
Demonstration of the Benefits of Silicone Encapsulation of PV Modules in a Large Scale Outdoor Array
Creators: name: Ketola, B.
name: Shirk, C.
name: Griffith, P.
name: Bunea, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 4060-4063
description: Based on the historical performance of silicones in both the construction and electronic industries, silicones are known for
their superior performance in outdoor applications. This performance makes silicone materials well suited for solar photovoltaic (PV)
modules in their application as a semiconductor device made for outdoor use. Silicone applications within the module include
encapsulants, potting materials, and junction box and frame sealants. Dow Corning has developed a number of silicone-based products
for use in PV module construction including the Dow Corning ® PV-6100 Cell Encapsulant Series product line launched in 2009. To
demonstrate the product line performance in real-world conditions, 15 kilowatts of mono-crystalline matrices were purchased from
SunPower Corporation, San Jose, California, USA under the United States Department of Energy Solar America Initiative Program.
The matrices were encapsulated on the Pilot Line in Dow Corning’s USA Solar Application Center in Freeland, MI USA. The
silicone-encapsulated modules were installed as part of a 30 kW PV array at the Dow Corning corporate headquarters in Auburn,
Michigan in 2009. The balance of the array was constructed using 15 kW of EVA modules purchased from SunPower Corporation,
using identical cell and glass technology to compare efficiency and durability.
Old Game, New Rules: Rethinking The Form of Physics
Creators: name: Baumgarten, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the modeling capabilities of sets of coupled classical harmonic oscillators (CHO) in the form of a modeling game. The application of simple but restrictive rules of the game lead to conditions for an isomorphism between Lie-algebras and real Clifford algebras. We show that the correlations between two coupled classical oscillators find their natural description in the Dirac algebra and allow to model aspects of special relativity, inertial motion, electromagnetism and quantum phenomena including spin in one go. The algebraic properties of Hamiltonian motion of low-dimensional systems can generally be related to certain types of interactions and hence to the dimensionality of emergent space-times. We describe the intrinsic connection between phase space volumes of a 2-dimensional oscillator and the Dirac algebra. In this version of a phase space interpretation of quantum mechanics the (components of the) spinor wave-function in momentum space are abstract canonical coordinates, and the integrals over the squared wave function represents second moments in phase space. The wave function in ordinary space-time can be obtained via Fourier transformation. Within this modeling game, 3+1-dimensional space-time is interpreted as a structural property of electromagnetic interaction. A generalization selects a series of Clifford algebras of specific dimensions with similar properties, specifically also 10- and 26-dimensional real Clifford algebras.
description: 23 pages, no figures
Star-type oscillatory networks with generic Kuramoto-type coupling: a model for "Japanese drums synchrony"
Creators: name: Vlasov, Vladimir
name: Pikovsky, Arkady
name: Macau, Elbert E. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze star-type networks of phase oscillators by virtue of two methods. For identical oscillators we adopt the Watanabe-Strogatz approach, that gives full an- alytical description of states, rotating with constant frequency. For nonidentical oscillators, such states can be obtained by virtue of the self-consistent approach in a parametric form. In this case stability analysis cannot be performed, however with the help of direct numerical simulations we show which solutions are stable and which not. We consider this system as a model for a drum orchestra, where we assume that the drummers follow the signal of the leader without listening to each other and the coupling parameters are determined by a geometrical organization of the orchestra.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures
Studies on the reaction and catalyst deactivation mechanisms in the direct aromatization of methane
Creators: name: PONSUBBIAH SOUNDRAPANDIAN NADAR
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90499 Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Methane direct aromatization is a non-oxidative route for converting natural gas to value-added aromatic compounds, which can have monetary benefits and also help mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions caused by flaring. The shortcoming with this reaction is associated with low methane conversion, poor methane activation, and rapid catalyst deactivation. In this thesis, studies were conducted in a systematic way in an effort to identify the contributing roles of catalytic components in methane dimerization, aromatization, and coke formation, and also how the active components behave during the course of reaction upon treatment with nitrogen, methane, hydrogen, reaction products, coke, and oxygen.
Interferometric Measurement of Far Infrared Plasmons via Resonant Homodyne Mixing
Creators: name: Dyer, Gregory C.
name: Aizin, Gregory R.
name: Allen, S. James
name: Grine, Albert D.
name: Bethke, Don
name: Reno, John L.
name: Shaner, Eric A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an electrically tunable terahertz two dimensional plasmonic interferometer with an integrated detection element that down converts the terahertz fields to a DC signal. The integrated detector utilizes a resonant plasmonic homodyne mixing mechanism that measures the component of the plasma waves in-phase with an excitation field functioning as the local oscillator. Plasmonic interferometers with two independently tuned paths are studied. These devices demonstrate a means for developing a spectrometer-on-a-chip where the tuning of electrical length plays a role analogous to that of physical path length in macroscopic Fourier transform interferometers.
Over 22% Efficient Hit Solar Cell
Creators: name: Kanno, H.
name: Ide, D.
name: Tsunomura, Y.
name: Taira, S.
name: Baba, T.
name: Yoshimine, Y.
name: Taguchi, M.
name: Kinoshita, T.
name: Sakata, H.
name: Maruyama, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1136-1139
description: For reducing the power-generating costs, the following approaches are discussed; (i) enhancing the conversion efficiency, (ii) utilizing a thin wafer for the HIT cell, (iii) improving the temperature coefficient, and (iv) applying HIT solar cells to bifacial solar modules. Furthermore, we have exhibited a high potential for use on thinner c-Si wafers. The high conversion efficiency of 21.4% and an extremely high Voc of 0.739 V were obtained with 85-μm- thick HIT cell. The
benefits of using HIT solar cells for bifacial solar modules are also described.