cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Choice: Perfecting the Life or the Work
Creators: name: Lucking, David
Publisher: name: libreriauniversitaria.it edizioni
Year: 2016

description: This essay surveys a number of literary works, belonging to different epochs and different genres, which have in common the fact that they enact a tension between the realms of life and art, domains that tend to be represented as being reciprocally dependent on one another but also, at a certain level, as being fundamentally incompatible and even mutually destructive. As the title of the essay, taken from a poem by W. B. Yeats, suggests, creative writers very often represent the trajectory of their lives as stemming from a more or less deliberate choice on their part, a commitment to one mode of being and of apprehending experience at the expense of another. Not infrequently, however much they insist that art ennobles or otherwise enhances the quality of human existence, the writers discussed manifest a considerable degree of ambivalence about the existential decision that has made such art possible, a regret at the cost in moral and affective terms of the resolution they have arrived at to dedicate themselves so exclusively to their vocation. They often evince a certain nostalgia for the existence they feel they have relinquished, or a curiosity at least as to the kind of life they might have lived had they not taken the path that they did. In some cases a paradoxical sense emerges from their work that the world of art they have committed themselves to is somehow parasitic on the life they have renounced, that it feeds upon a human reality but at the same time exacts the sacrifice, or at least the mortification, of that realty. But there is another side to the coin as well, for there are also instances in which it is precisely through art itself that a return to a less exalted but more intrinsically gratifying existence is rendered possible, so that if life is sometimes transmuted into art at the expense of the former, something approximating to the reverse can also on occasion take place.
Anthonomus Germar
Creators: name: Posadas, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Anthonomus

description: Anthonomus Germar
Anthonomus Germar 1817: 340 (type species: Curculio avarus Fabricius, subsequent designation by Dieckman 1968).
= Anthonomocyllus Dietz 1891: 191 (type species: Anthonomus elegans LeConte 1876 [A. costulatus Suffrian 1871] by original designation).
= Anthonomorphus Dietz 1891: 194 (type species: Anthonomus fulvus LeConte 1876 by original designation).
= Trichobaropsis Dietz 1891: 196 (type species: Anthonomus texanus Dietz by original designation).
= Trichobarapsis Dietz 1891: 196 (lapsus).
= Leptarthrus Dietz 1891: 197 (type species: Anthonomus julichi Dietz, subsequent designation by Burke 1982; preoccupied).
= Cnemocyllus Dietz 1891: 239 (not available, type species not designated).
= Paranthonomomus Dietz 1891: 239 (type species: Anthonomus profundus LeConte 1876 by original designation).
= Anthonomochaeta Dietz 1891: 246 (type species: Anthonomus heterogenus Dietz 1891, by indication, monotypy).
= Anthonomomorphus Sharp 1892: 142 (lapsus).
= Sexarthrus Blatchley 1916: 311 (type species: Anthonomus subfasciatus LeConte, subsequent designation by Blatchley 1930).
= Arthleptrus Burke 1982: 105 (replacement name for Leptarthrus Dietz).
description: Published as part of Posadas, Paula, 2012, Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3303 on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213158
Brachyodina insularis
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Brachyodina
Brachyodina insularis

description: insularis (Townsend)
Opsophytopsis insularis Townsend, 1918: 163. Lopes 1969: 11 [catalogue]; Lopes 1978: 602 [remarks]; Lopes 1979: 151 [redescription].
Blaesoxipha (Acridiophaga) insularis: Pape 1994: 55 [transferred to Blaesoxipha]; Pape 1996: 185 [catalogue].
Acridiophaga spinosa Lopes, 1978: 602. Pape 1994: 55 [as syn. of B. insularis].
Sarcophaga reversa of authors (misidentification): Johnson 1924: 89 [records]; Curran 1932: 366 [record]; Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Baltra, Isabela, Pinta, Rábida, Santa Cruz, Santiago.
Remarks. Opsophytopsis Townsend was previously considered an endemic genus, but is now assigned as a junior synonym of subgenus Acridiophaga (Pape 1994).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Philornis isla
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Philornis
Philornis isla

description: isla (Curran)
Sarcophaga isla Curran, 1934: 169. Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist]; Arnaud 1979: 395 [type catalogue].
Gigantotheca isla: Lopes 1969: 47 [catalogue]; Lopes 1978: 608 [redescription].
Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) isla: Pape 1994: 66 [transferred to Blaesoxipha]; Pape 1996: 201 [catalogue].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Española, Gardner (near Española).
Remarks. Gigantotheca was previously listed as an endemic genus comprising three species, but is now considered a widespread subgenus of Blaesoxipha (Pape 1994).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Nicotine synapse formation in the hippocampus
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: The nicotine found in cigarette smoke and other forms of tobacco has an effect on the body by acting on naturally occurring components on neurons. These components are call nicotinic acetylcholine receptors because they normally bind the chemical acetylcholine in the brain and cause current to flow into the neuron, but they can also be activated by exogenous nicotine. Though such nicotinic receptors are found throughout the brain, little is known about how activation of these receptors affects communication between cells.

 The hippocampus is an area of the brain that is essential for forming new memories. During the first few weeks of postnatal life, the hippocampus has a relatively high number of nicotinic receptors. One type they have in abundance is a nicotinic receptor that allows calcium to enter the cell. Because calcium can regulate many events in neurons, these receptors are particularly powerful. For example, calcium not only regulates electrical and chemical signaling in the neuron but can even turn genes on and off. When we look closely at neurons from the hippocampus, we find these receptors are often positioned at the tips of long narrow projections called filopodia. Filopodia comprise little compartments extending from the neuron. Calcium coming into these compartments may well have local effects that are important for how the cell establishes contacts with other neurons. The other components of these small filopodial compartments are likely to be affected by calcium as well.

 The experiments that we are proposing focus on these nicotinic receptors. We will treat hippocampal neurons with different chemicals to determine how these receptors are regulated and where they are positioned. Different types of neurons work together in complex ways to create patterns of activity in the hippocampus. We hope to determine which of these cells are responsible for expressing high levels of the receptors so that we can predict the effects nicotine will have on hippocampal activity. We will look closely at how filopodia having the receptors participate in forming specific contacts between neurons. We will also study how the hippocampus develops if the receptors have been removed or are blocked. These experiments are especially relevant to how the hippocampus uses acetylcholine to form connections during development and how these connections change over time. A critical question is the how nicotine from cigarette smoke changes this natural course of development, both during fetal growth and at subsequent stages. By understanding how nicotine effects the connections within the brain, we will gain important new insights into the nature of normal communication between neurons. These experiments will also indicate the consequences of nicotine having perturbed the normal interactions and instructions that in effect guide early brain development.
Anthonomus ornatus Blanchard
Creators: name: Posadas, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Anthonomus
Anthonomus ornatus

description: Anthonomus ornatus Blanchard
Anthonomus ornatus Blanchard 1851: 387.
= Anthonomus biplagiatus Fairmaire 1884: 503 (preoccupied).
= Anthonomus redtenbacheri Blackwelder 1947: 839 (replacement name for A. biplagiatus Fairmaire).
According to Clark & Burke (1989), this species is distributed from the Santiago Province (Central Chile) to the Magellanic Forest province (Subantarctic), presenting some localities in Tierra del Fuego (see map on Clark & Burke 1989 pp: 45, fig. 42).
description: Published as part of Posadas, Paula, 2012, Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3303 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213158
Lung cancer treatment: The total synthesis of ineleganolide
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Both lung cancer and acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) have staggering fatality rates: within five years of diagnosis, 83% of lung cancer patients and 80.5% of AML victims die. Of more than half-a-million cancer deaths last year in the United States, lung cancer ended an estimated 160,440 lives, while leukemia stopped around 23,300. Smoking triggers lung cancer and AML, and is the principal known lifestyle choice that leads to these terminal illnesses. Society must minimize the death toll from these diseases. Organic chemists can contribute by expanding the scope of treatment options. A few compounds show promise in the fight against cancer, molecules like ineleganolide. For patients to benefit from ineleganolide’s potential, this compound must be available in greater quantities.

 A few drugs fight both leukemia and lung cancer, medicines including vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and others. These drugs differ in their modes of action, but all contribute to the fight against both terminal illnesses. Ineleganolide’s mode of activity has not been identified. This compound has a structure unlike that of other drugs on the market, and so may interact in biological systems in ways that other drugs do not. This would open up new windows for lung cancer and leukemia treatment. It is our hope that ineleganolide can join the class of identified medicines to treat those who suffer from either lung cancer or leukemia.

 Ineleganolide is a know anti-cancer agent. It is available in such small quantities from nature that it has not been available to be tested against a broad range of cancers. The scarcity of this compound means that isolation from nature is not a viable source for treatment or further study.

 The proposed research will construct ineleganolide from inexpensive, readily available starting materials. This study should construct enough of this potent anti-tumor natural product for us to study its mode of action and range of bioactivities. We will prepare molecules that are structurally similar to ineleganolide and submit them for screening against a range of cancers by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). These structurally similar molecules may include simpler drugs that are more potent lung cancer and leukemia treatments. Completion of this project will represent significant progress toward understanding and treatment of two tobacco-related diseases, lung cancer and leukemia.
Blaesoxipha plinthopyga
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Blaesoxipha
Blaesoxipha plinthopyga

description: plinthopyga (Wiedemann)
Sarcophaga plinthopyga Wiedemann, 1830: 360. Curran 1934: 169 [record]; Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist].
Hystricocnema plinthopyga: Lopes 1969: 45 [catalogue]; Lopes 1978: 610 [remarks]; Peck 1996: 122 [mode of introduction].
Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) plinthopyga: Pape 1994: 66 [catalogue]; Pape 1996: 201 [catalogue].
Blaesoxipha plinthopyga: Peck et al. 1998: 229 [introduced species]; Causton et al. 2006: 134 [introduced species].
Sarcophaga quadriforceps Curran, 1932: 363. Curran 1934: 169 [as syn. of S. plinthopyga].
Distribution. Introduced. Australasian/ Oceanian, Nearctic, Neotropical; Galápagos: Floreana, Marchena (ICCDRS), San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santa Fé.
Remarks. This is a synanthropic species breeding in a variety of decaying materials (Pape 1994). Reared from cadaver of Geospiza fortis and Microlophus albemarlensis (Lehnen et al. unpubl.)
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Liolaemus orientalis Muller 1924
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus orientalis

description: Liolaemus orientalis Müller
Liolaemus annectens orientalis Müller 1924: 81.
Content: Two subspecies distributed in northwestern Argentina and southwestern Bolivia (Laurent 1991; Cei 1993).
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Niclosamide, but not ivermectin, inhibits anoctamin 1 and 6 and attenuates inflammation of the respiratory tract
Creators: name: Ousingsawat, Jiraporn
name: Centeio, Raquel
name: Schreiber, Rainer
name: Kunzelmann, Karl
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Anoctamin 1 · Anoctamin 6 · Inflammation · Asthma · Cystic fibrosis · COVID-19
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Inflammatory airway diseases like cystic fibrosis, asthma and COVID-19 are characterized by high levels of pulmonary cytokines. Two well-established antiparasitic drugs, niclosamide and ivermectin, are intensively discussed for the treatment of viral inflammatory airway infections. Here, we examined these repurposed drugs with respect to their anti-inflammatory effects in airways in vivo and in vitro. Niclosamide reduced mucus content, eosinophilic infiltration and cell death in asthmatic mouse lungs in vivo and inhibited release of interleukins in the two differentiated airway epithelial cell lines CFBE and BCi-NS1.1 in vitro. Cytokine release was also inhibited by the knockdown of the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1, TMEM16A) and the phospholipid scramblase anoctamin 6 (ANO6, TMEM16F), which have previously been shown to affect intracellular Ca2+ levels near the plasma membrane and to facilitate exocytosis. At concentrations around 200 nM, niclosamide inhibited inflammation, lowered intracellular Ca2+, acidified cytosolic pH and blocked activation of ANO1 and ANO6. It is suggested that niclosamide brings about its anti-inflammatory effects at least in part by inhibiting ANO1 and ANO6, and by lowering intracellular Ca2+ levels. In contrast to niclosamide, 1 µM ivermectin did not exert any of the effects described for niclosamide. The present data suggest niclosamide as an effective anti-inflammatory treatment in CF, asthma, and COVID-19, in addition to its previously reported antiviral effects. It has an advantageous concentration–response relationship and is known to be well tolerated.
Additional file 3: of Computer-controlled closed-loop drug infusion system for automated hemodynamic resuscitation in endotoxin-induced shock
Creators: name: Uemura, Kazunori
name: Kawada, Toru
name: Zheng, Can
name: Meihua Li
name: Sugimachi, Masaru
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Response of R to NA infusion. (DOCX 43Â kb)
Liolaemus orientalis subsp. orientalis Muller
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus orientalis
Liolaemus orientalis orientalis müller

description: Liolaemus orientalis orientalis Müller
Liolaemus annectens orientalis Müller 1924: 81 (type locality: Río Pilcomayo, between Tarija and San Francisco, Bolivia).
Liolaemus multiformis simonsii Donoso-Barros 1970a: 187.
Liolaemus orientalis Laurent 1992: 31; Cei 1993: 243; Pincheira-Donoso 2002b: 21; Chebez et al. 2005: 33; Sura 2005: 429; Díaz 2007: 117.
Liolaemus orientalis orientalis Etheridge 1995: 34; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 8.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Blaesoxipha violenta
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Blaesoxipha
Blaesoxipha violenta

description: violenta (Walker)
Sarcophaga violenta Walker, 1849: 826. Coquillett 1901a: 375 [records]; Johnson 1924: 88 [record]; Curran 1932: 366 [record]; Curran 1934: 169 [records]; Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist].
Gigantotheca violenta: Lopes 1969: 47 [catalogue]; Lopes 1978: 606 [redescription].
Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) violenta: Pape 1994: 66 [transferred to Blaesoxipha]; Pape 1996: 202 [catalogue].
Gigantotheca galapagensis Townsend, 1917: 196. Curran 1934: 169 [as syn. of S. violenta].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Baltra, Bartolomé, Fernandina, Genovesa, Isabela, Santa Cruz, Santa Fé, Santiago.
Remarks. This species inhabits arid and transition zones.
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Anthonomus signatipennis Blanchard
Creators: name: Posadas, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Anthonomus
Anthonomus signatipennis

description: Anthonomus signatipennis Blanchard
Anthonomus signatipennis Blanchard 1851: 387.
According to Clark & Burke (1989), the distribution of A. signatipennis is similar to that of A. ornatus (see map on Clark & Burke 1989 pp: 45, fig. 42). Both species are widely sympatric, and collected for the same dates, localities and host plant (Berberis buxifolia).
description: Published as part of Posadas, Paula, 2012, Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3303 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213158
Tobacco exposure in pregnant women in minority populations
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Though smoking during pregnancy is a key cause of slowed fetal growth, miscarriage and infant death, very little is known about smoking in California. This study is measuring tobacco exposure in pregnant women from ten racial groups not previously studied, including: Native Americans, Chinese, Japanese, Koreans, Filipinos, Cambodians, Vietnamese, Laotians, Asian Indians and Samoans. We want to find out if there are differences across these groups in tobacco use during pregnancy and in the level of second hand smoke breathed in by these women. We would like to determine if pregnant women cut down or quit smoking or if household members stopped smoking in the home during pregnancy differently across these groups. We would like to know if there are ZIP Code areas where it is more common for pregnant women to smoke or where it is more common for pregnant women to be exposed to high levels of second hand smoke. We also want to learn whether second hand smoke exposure has a larger effect on lowering the average birth weight in some racial groups than others.

 In the first year of the study, we analyzed data collected in the hospital at delivery as part of another TRDRP-funded study (Project Baby’s Breath). The study population for this analysis comes from San Diego County, and includes over 20,000 women, though some of our subgroups are small in size (25%), while Asian Indians, Laotians and Chinese reported the lowest usage (25%), and lowest for Asian Indians and Cambodians (0%).

 In the upcoming years, we will verify the accuracy of the above self-reported tobacco data through analysis of cotinine in maternal blood collected in midpregnancy. Cotinine is a marker in the blood that measures how much exposure one has recently had to tobacco either from smoking or from breathing in second hand smoke. For these analyses, approximately 3,000 pregnant women will be selected from those who enrolled in the State’s prenatal screening program in Orange, San Diego, and Imperial Counties from 2000 to 2002. We will analyze the cotinine results to find out the proportion of each racial group that smokes at midpregnancy, and how exposed the others are to second hand smoke. We will also learn the characteristics of both women who smoke at midpregnancy and who are most exposed to second hand smoke.

 We believe that the results of this study will help tobacco prevention services target the subgroups of pregnant women most in need.
Odinia williamsi
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Odinia
Odinia williamsi

description: williamsi (Curran)
Sarcophaga williamsi Curran, 1934: 170. Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist]; Arnaud 1979: 395 [type catalogue].
williamsi: Lopes 1969: 52 [catalogue] (unplaced to genus).
Gigantotheca williamsi: Lopes 1978: 608 [redescription].
Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) williamsi: Pape 1994: 67 [transferred to Blaesoxipha]; Pape 1996: 202 [catalogue].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Floreana.
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
How do nic and cig smoke affect neural control of breathing?
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: Breathing is a behavior driven and controlled by the central nervous system. Smoking has been associated with some prevalent disorders of respiratory control such as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep-disordered breathing (sleep apnea). SIDS is the second-ranking cause of infant death between one month and one year of age. Impaired control of breathing and arousal responsiveness are believed to be the underlying mechanisms. The incidence of SIDS is known to correlate to maternal smoking, but how it causes SIDS is unknown. About 6 to 7 percent of the U. S. population has sleep apnea, i.e., frequent episodes (up to several hundred per night) of limited or no ventilation during sleep. The public health burden attributable to sleep apnea is substantial because it causes high blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease, memory problems and lack of sleep leading to job impairment and a large number of (fatal) motor vehicle crashes.

 Nicotine from cigarette smoke acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain affecting respiratory pattern. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the cellular mechanisms regarding how nicotine/cigarette smoke exposure contributes to pathogenesis of SIDS and sleep apnea. The objective of this application is to understand cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying modulation of breathing by nicotine. Respiratory rhythm is believed to be generated in the brainstem. We have identified functional nicotinic receptors that modulate the neuronal function and neurotransmission, therefore affect breathing. We will determine how nicotine affects the central control of breathing and how activation of nicotinic receptors modulates excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter system and w will also determine the molecular compositions of nicotinic receptors involved in respiratory regulation. Insight into these cellular processes and the causes of the tobacco-related diseases such as SIDS and sleep apnea will provide a rational basis for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders as well as respiratory failure during organophosphate poisoning including nerve gases. Establishing the pre- or postsynaptic mechanisms of cholinergic modulation of breathing will lead to more effective treatments and will help also in the design of drugs more specific to target receptors with fewer side effects.
Liolaemus orientalis subsp. chlorostictus Laurent 1993
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus orientalis
Liolaemus orientalis chlorostictus laurent

description: Liolaemus orientalis chlorostictus Laurent
Liolaemus orientalis chlorostictus Laurent 1991: 98 (type locality: 42 km from Pirquitas, cuesta Fundiciones, 4150 m, Rinconada Department, Jujuy Province, Argentina), 1995b: 1; Cei 1993: 746; Etheridge 1995: 34; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 8.
Liolaemus chlorostictus Díaz 2007: 117.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Rhyephenes Schoenherr
Creators: name: Posadas, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Rhyephenes

description: Rhyephenes Schoenherr
Rhyephenes Schoenherr 1837: 312 (type species: R. oncas Gyllenhal [= R. humeralis (Guérin-Méneville)] by original designation).
= Physothorus Gay & Solier 1839: 22 (type species: P. maillei Gay & Solier by original designation).
description: Published as part of Posadas, Paula, 2012, Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3303 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213158
Expos children to secondhand smoke through cntaminated homes
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: When children are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) they are more vulnerable than adults to suffer negative health effects. The vast majority of SHS exposure among children takes place at home, where protecting children is particularly challenging. This is the case because public health policies for the protection of nonsmokers do not apply to the private homes of smokers and nonsmokers. The proposed study will be the first to examine whether private homes of smokers remain contaminated when they move out and nonsmokers move in. Moreover, this will be the first study to examine whether nonsmokers moving into former smoker homes are exposed to SHS through contaminated dust, air, and surfaces in their homes. The proposed study has four major aims: First, we will determine whether the dust, air, and surfaces in the homes of smokers with young children are contaminated with SHS before they move out. Second, we will study how much contaminated dust, surfaces, and air contribute to the SHS exposure in children of smokers. Third, we will investigate whether homes remain contaminated after smokers move out and nonsmokers move in. Fourth, we will examine whether nonsmokers who move into smoker homes are exposed to SHS through the contaminated home environments.

 To examine these questions, we will study 150 homes with children

 The major accomplishments of this study to date have been to develop and finalize all aspects of the protocol, including subject recruitment, questionnaires, and collection of environmental and biological measures. A strong research team has been hired and trained. As of May 31, 2005 we have completed Part 1 study measures with 13 homes. Year 02 will be devoted to recruiting and measuring subjects, ongoing training and quality control, and sequential processing of data.

 This study will provide much-needed data on the importance of dust, surfaces, and air as sources of SHS exposure among young children. Findings from this study will also help further our understanding about the level of contamination of homes vacated by smokers. This study will help inform public policies for protecting nonsmokers from SHS exposure in their homes.
Galopagomyia inoa
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Galopagomyia
Galopagomyia inoa

description: inoa (Walker)
Sarcophaga inoa Walker, 1849: 832.
Wohlfahrtia inoa: Johnson, 1924: 88 [records].
Opsophytopsis inoa: Curran 1934: 167 [records]; Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist].
Galapagomyia inoa: Lopes 1974: 535 [redescription]; Lopes 1978: 598 [review].
Galopagomyia inoa: Pape 1996: 164 [catalogue]; Sinclair 2009: 110 [remarks].
Miltogramma biseta Thomson, 1869: 524. Pape 1996: 34 [as syn. of G. inoa; mislabelled as Panama].
Microcerella steindachneri Brauer &Bergenstamm,1891:389. Bischof 1904:100 [transferred to Galopagomyia]; Lopes 1969: 7 [catalogue]; Lopes 1974: 535 [as syn. of G. inoa].
Distribution. Endemic. Galápagos: Baltra, Bartolomé, Darwin, Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Marchena (ICCDRS), San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santa Fé, Santiago (ICCDRS), Seymour.
Remarks. Adults of G. inoa (Fig. 26) are collected primarily from littoral and arid zones and have been observed visiting flowers of Scalesia (Boada 2005). A single specimen was reared during the 1989 expedition from a puparium collected from exposed east Pacific green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas L.) eggs. Some eggs from the nest were completely filled with empty puparia.
In a study conducted by the CDRS, larvae of this species emerged from a tortoise on Santiago, with the larvae dropping and tunneling immediately into the sand. There were also observations of live larvae in tortoise eggs from intact nests, as well as larvae were found in sick and dying hatchlings. The percentage of parasitism was considered to be low.
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Sarcophaga aurata
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Sarcophaga
Sarcophaga aurata

description: aurata (Macquart)
Sarcophaga aurata Macquart, 1851: 207. Pape 2008: 45 [distribution]; Souza et al. 2020: 29 [review].
Sarcophaga taitensis Schiner, 1868: 314. Curran 1932: 365 [records]; Curran 1934: 168 (Sarcophaga); Linsley & Usinger 1966: 172 [checklist].
Oxysarcodexia taitensis: Lopes 1969: 27 [catalogue]; Lopes 1978: 604 [records]; Lopes & Tibana 1987: 344 [checklist]; Pape 1996: 269 [catalogue]; Causton et al. 2006: 134 [introduced species]; Pape 2008: 44 [as syn. of S. aurata].
Sarcophaga obtusifrons Thomson, 1869: 536. Coquillett 1901a: 374 [records]; Johnson 1924: 89 [records]; Townsend 1931: 77 [transferred to Oxysarcodexia]; Curran 1932: 365 [as syn. of S. taitensis]; Souza et al. 2020: 28 [remarks on types].
Distribution. Introduced. Australasian/ Oceanian, Neotropical; Galápagos: Baltra, Fernandina, Floreana, Isabela, Pinzón, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santiago.
Remarks. This species was described initially from Tahiti, and was subsequently recorded from Fiji, French Polynesia (Austral Is, Marquesas Is, Society Is, Tubuai Is), New Caledonia, Tonga, Western Samoa, and throughout South and Central America (Souza et al. 2020). This species was commonly collected in dung traps during the Galápagos surveys. Adults have been collected on the flowers of Cryptocarpus pyriformis (Hervías-Parejo & Traveset 2018).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Effects of tobacco-induced gamete damage on embryogenesis
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: This research is important for identifying the biological mechanisms that increase a couple's risk for an abnormal pregnancy or unhealthy child when the prospective father smokes. There is substantial evidence from human studies associating tobacco smoking with an increased possibility of abnormal pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, malformation, neonatal death, and childhood cancer. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke induces damage in paternal germ cells and how this may affect the developing embryo. Also, it is not known whether male germ cells are equally sensitive to mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke, and why only some pregnancies are affected.

 This study will investigate whether animal exposure to mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke induces lesions in male germ cells that are transmitted to the progeny as chromosomal aberrations. Additionally, we will also investigate whether exposure of male germ cells to tobacco smoke alters gene expression during the early stages of embryonic development and whether these changes are dependent on the presence of chromosomal aberrations.

 We have selected the mouse as a model species for this research due to the ethical and legal restrictions on performing this research using human embryos, and because the genetics of the mouse are well characterized and there is a high degree of similarity between mouse and human reproduction and development. We propose to expose male mice to mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke during the last two weeks prior to mating and to analyze one-cell embryos for chromosomal abnormalities using a procedure developed at our institute. We will then examine the effects of paternal tobacco exposure on gene expression in the early mouse embryo and whether the effects are dependent on the type of exposure (i.e., mainstream vs. sidestream smoke) and on the amount of transmitted damage. For these studies we will use the microarray technology which will allow us to characterize the expression of thousands of genes at once. Finally, we will use bioinformatic tools to identify the regulatory elements that control the embryonic responses to damage transmitted by the sperm.

 This project represents an important first-step towards understanding the mechanisms by which paternal factors immediately before fertilization may influence a couple's susceptibility for abnormal pregnancy outcome resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke. Once these effects are demonstrated in mice, these findings will provide information to educate prospective parents that their contributions to healthy pregnancies requires germ cells that have not been exposed to tobacco smoke.
Liolaemus ortizi Laurent 1982
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus ortizi

description: Liolaemus ortizi Laurent
Liolaemus ortizi Laurent 1982a: 142 (type locality: Cuzco Department, Perú), 1992: 31; Vanzolini 1986: 16; Etheridge 1995: 34; Carrillo de Espinoza & Icochea 1995: 10; Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 8; Sura 2005: 429.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Liolaemus pachecoi Laurent 1995
Creators: name: Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel
name: Scolaro, J. Alejandro
name: Sura, Piotr
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Liolaemidae
Liolaemus
Liolaemus pachecoi

description: Liolaemus pachecoi Laurent
Liolaemus (Eulaemus) jamesi pachecoi Laurent 1995b: 1 (type locality: Laguna Colorada, Potosí, Bolivia).
Liolaemus jamesi pachecoi Etheridge & Espinoza 2000: 6.
description: Published as part of Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel, Scolaro, J. Alejandro & Sura, Piotr, 2008, A monographic catalogue on the systematics and phylogeny of the South American iguanian lizard family Liolaemidae (Squamata, Iguania), pp. 1-85 in Zootaxa 1800 on page 42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6789337
Sarcophaga bakeri
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Sarcophaga
Sarcophaga bakeri

description: bakeri (Aldrich) (T. Pape pers. comm.).
Sarcophaga bakeri Aldrich, 1916: 270.
Oxysarscodexia bakeri: Causton et al. 2006: 134 [introduced species].
Distribution. Introduced. Nearctic, Neotropical; Galápagos: Baltra, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz.
Material examined. Galápagos: San Cristobal: Pto Baquerizo, south beach, littoral, y.pans, 14–21.ii.1989, BJS (1 ♁, CNC). Santa Cruz: Barranco, arid zone, 19.i.2015, fish bait tp 4.2, O. Mollá (1 ♁, CNC).
Remarks. Adults have been collected in pan traps set along beaches, and in sweeps over marine iguana dung.
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Rhyephenes maillei Gay & Solier
Creators: name: Posadas, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae
Rhyephenes
Rhyephenes maillei

description: Rhyephenes maillei (Gay & Solier)
Physothorus maillei Gay & Solier 1839: 24; Solier, 1839: L (Rhyephenes). = Physothorus laevirostris Gay & Solier 1839: 25; Solier 1839: L (Rhyephenes). = Rhyephenes inmaculatus Blanchard 1851: pl. 14.
= Rhyephenes sulcatus Philippi 1899: 86.
= Rhyephenes philippii Fiedler 1942: 279.
Specimens examined: ARGENTINA: Tierra del Fuego, without more data, 1900, Bruch col. (6 specimens with same data, MACN). Santa Cruz, Valle Túnel (3 specimens with same data, MLP).
Temporal distribution: August to May.
According to Morrone (1996), the distribution of R. maillei ranges from Santiago Province (Central Chile) to the Magellanic Forest province (Subantarctic). See distribution map in Morrone (1996, pp: 17, fig. 53).
description: Published as part of Posadas, Paula, 2012, Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3303 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213158
IAP Antagonists for lung cancer treatment
Creators: name: University Of California Office Of The President
Publisher: name: University of California Office of the President
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/00dmfq477
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is caused in part by a failure of lung cells to die in accordance with the natural lifespan regulation of cells. Normally, in the lung and other self-renewing tissues, billions of cells are produced daily, offset by a commensurate amount of cell death. This cell suicide mechanism becomes defective in cancers, contributing to malignant cell accumulation and making tumor cells difficult to kill by chemotherapy and radiation. Among the endogenous proteins that block cell death in cancers in XIAP, which is over-produced in many lung cancers. Our mission is to devise drugs that inhibit XIAP, thus restoring the normal cell suicide mechanism in advanced lung cancer.

 ACCOMPLISHMENTS: We have produced synthetic chemicals that bind XIAP and that negate its ability to block tumor cell death. Multiple variants of the chemicals were produced to explore the structural features optimal for suppression of XIAP. Several equally effective, optimized chemicals have been generated and shown to kill cancer cells in laboratory experiments.

 FUTURE PLANS: Using the optimized chemical inhibitors of XIAP, we plan to further characterize the mechanism by which they kill cancer cells, determine the safety and pharmacological properties of these chemicals when injected into animals, and test their ability to inhibit tumor growth in animals. These studies will lay a foundation for eventual clinical trials.
Peckia chrysostoma
Creators: name: Sinclair, Bradley J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sarcophagidae
Peckia
Peckia chrysostoma

description: chrysostoma (Wiedemann)
Sarcophaga chrysostoma Wiedemann, 1830: 356.
Paraphrissopoda chrysostoma: Lopes 1978: 605 [records].
Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma: Pape 1996: 278 [catalogue]; Buenaventura & Pape 2013: 45 [redescription].
Peckia chrysostoma: Causton et al. 2006: 134 [introduced species].
Distribution. Introduced. Australasian/ Oceanian, Nearctic, Neotropical; Galápagos: Baltra, Fernandina, Floreana, Genovesa, Isabela, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, Santa Fé, Santiago.
Remarks. This species ranges from arid to pampa zones in the Galápagos. Adults of this species are very common in mangrove swamps and around garbage, dumps, etc. throughout its range. It is also introduced to Cook Is and French Polynesia (Society Is) (Buenaventura & Pape 2013).
description: Published as part of Sinclair, Bradley J., 2023, An annotated checklist of the Diptera of the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador), pp. 1-102 in Zootaxa 5283 (1) on page 78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5283.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7912667
Curculionidae
Creators: name: Posadas, Paula
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Curculionidae

description: Key to Curculionidae subfamilies recorded from Tierra del Fuego
1 Short and broad rostrum (except Haversiella)............................................................... 2
- Long and slender rostrum............................................................................... 3
2 Mandible with scar............................................................................. Entiminae
- Mandible lacking scar......................................................................... Cyclominae
3 Rostral channel limited by prosternum and reaching meso and metasternum, in which the rostrum is located when resting.......................................................................................... Cryptorhinchinae
- Rostral channel absent....................................................................... Curculioninae
description: Published as part of Posadas, Paula, 2012, Species composition and geographic distribution of Fuegian Curculionidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3303 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213158
Feynman path integral for Schro?dinger equation with magnetic field
Creators: name: Cangiotti, Nicol�
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: Feynman path integrals introduced heuristically in the 1940s are a powerful tool used in many areas of physics, but also an intriguing mathematical challenge. In this work we used techniques of infinite dimensional integration (i.e. the infinite dimensional oscillatory integrals) in two different, but strictly connected, directions. On the one hand we construct a functional integral representation for solutions of a general high-order heat-type equations exploiting a recent generalization of infinite dimensional Fresnel integrals; in this framework we prove a a Girsanov-type formula, which is related, in the case of Schro?dinger equation, to the Feynman path integral representation for the solution in presence of a magnetic field; eventually a new phase space path integral solution for higher-order heat-type equations is also presented. On the other hand for the three dimensional Schro?dinger equation with magnetic field we provide a rigorous mathematical Feynman path integral formula still in the context of infinite dimensional oscillatory integrals; moreover, the requirement of independence of the integral on the approximation procedure forces the introduction of a counterterm, which has to be added to the classical action functional (this is done by the example of a linear vector potential). Thanks to that, it is possible to give a natural explanation for the appearance of the Stratonovich integral in the path integral formula for both the Schro?dinger and the heat equation with magnetic field.
MPEC 2024-J222 : 2024 JY6
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 JY6

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.