cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Localization properties of fermions and bosons
Creators: name: de Forcrand, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological structure of the QCD vacuum can be probed by monitoring the spatial localization of the low-lying Dirac eigenmodes. This approach can be pursued on the lattice, and unlike the traditional one requires no smoothing of the gauge field. I review recent lattice studies, attempting to extract a consistent description. What emerges is a picture of the vacuum as a ``topological sandwich'' of alternating, infinitely thin 3d layers of opposite topological charge, as originally seen in direct measurements of the topological charge density.
description: Invited talk at "Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII", Azores, Portugal, 2-7 September 2006. 7 pages, 11 figures. To appear in the Proceedings. Small changes; references added
Measurable Dynamics of Maps on Profinite Groups
Creators: name: Kingsbery, James
name: Levin, Alex
name: Preygel, Anatoly
name: Silva, Cesar E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37A05

description: We study the measurable dynamics of transformations on profinite groups, in particular of those which factor through sufficiently many of the projection maps; these maps generalize the 1-Lipschitz maps on $\mathbb Z_p$.
description: 18 pages
Innovative Structural Solutions For Tall Buildings
Creators: name: Montuori, Giovanni Maria
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: The main contribution of this work is to investigate and analyze innovative structural solutions for tall buildings, aiming for efficiency and improvement of the structural response mainly under horizontal loads. 
Following the recent trends in tall buildings design practice, the first analyzed structural scheme is the Diagrid system, a perimeter structural configurations characterized by a narrow grid of diagonals members which are involved both in gravity and lateral load resistance. Several studies have been carried out with the aim of completely understand the structural behavior of the Diagrid system, propose design procedure able to maximize the structural efficiency and deepen some specific (local) structural behavior, essential for a precise structural design. The proposed considerations and design procedure have been validate through the results of a great number of finite element analysis, checking the structural performance and the efficiency of the different structural solution mainly using the structural weight as response parameter.
Furthermore a feasibility study is proposed for structural systems characterized by geometries different form the rectangular or triangular shapes. A structure obtained by replication of hexagons is proposed (Hexagrid), focusing on the efficiency and on the feasibility of this solution. The study of the structural behavior of the Hexagrid has represented the opportunity to formulate a design procedure based on the homogenization criteria and, in particular, on the definition of a "Representative Volume Element" (RVE). This procedure has the great advantage of be able to be  adopted for every geometric patterns, simply varying the mechanical proprieties of the homogenized material. 
Finally thanks to an effective collaboration with the well-known International firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, the structural design of a real tall building with an optimized frame is reported, firstly evaluating the building performance and issues, and then comparing the optimized structures with more traditional structural solutions. This final part gives the opportunity to better highlight the compromise between the practice and the theory, and to understand in particular how the optimum design (i.e. the most efficient solutions) should be modified to mediate with different issues.
Webb a caccia di protostelle nella nube di Perseo
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Protagonista dell’immagine catturata dalla NirCam di Jwst e rilasciata dall’Agenzia spaziale europea è l'oggetto Herbig-Haro 797, che si trova vicino al bordo orientale del complesso delle nubi scure di Perseo. Grazie alla risoluzione elevata, i ricercatori hanno capito che la sorgente degli outflows, già nota da precedenti osservazioni, non è una stella singola bensì due, ognuna delle quali sta producendo il suo deflusso
Dynamics of vortex glass phase in strongly type II superconductors
Creators: name: Chen, Qing-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of vortices in strongly type-II superconductors with strong disorder is investigated within the frustrated three-dimensional XY model. For two typical models in [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 91}, 077002 (2003)] and [Phys. Rev. B {\bf 68}, 220502(R) (2003)], a strong evidence for the finite temperature vortex glass transition in the unscreened limit is provided by performing large-scale dynamical simulations. The obtained correlation length exponents and the dynamic exponents in both models are different from each other and from those in the three-dimensional gauge glass model. In addition, a genuine continuous depinning transition is observed at zero temperature for both models. A scaling analysis for the thermal rounding of the depinning transition shows a non-Arrhenius type creep motion in the vortex glass phase, contrarily to the recent studies..
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Fratture e lussazioni della colonna vertebrale lombosacrale nel cane
Creators: name: Di Dona, Francesco
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: Le fratture e le lussazioni della colonna vertebrale sono delle lesioni piuttosto comuni e sono la principale causa di disturbi neurologici nel cane (Jeffery, 2010) e circa il 25% delle lesioni traumatiche della colonna vertebrale riguardano la regione lombare caudale e sacrale (Bali, 2009).
La frattura/lussazione della settima vertebra lombare nel cane è una lesione comune caratterizzata da una frattura obliqua o corta obliqua del corpo vertebrale di L7 con dislocazione cranio-ventrale del frammento caudale e del sacro (Harrington, 1998).
L'obiettivo in caso di frattura di L7 è il riallineamento del canale vertebrale e la stabilizzazione del sito di frattura, per promuovere la guarigione dell'osso. Numerosi trattamenti chirurgici sono stati segnalati a riguardo ma si tratta quasi esclusivamente di tecniche di fissazione scheletrica interna.
Gli obiettivi di questo studio sono: analizzare un campione composto da 20 soggetti, tutti appartenenti alla specie canina, con trauma lombosacrale, descrivendone gli aspetti clinici, diagnostici, terapeutici e prognostici; proporre una tecnica chirurgica modificata per il trattamento della frattura di L7 nel cane, valutandone vantaggi e svantaggi; riportare 3 casi di lussazione lombosacrale non associata a frattura.  
Sono state analizzate le cartelle cliniche (Gen. 2000 – Mar. 2014) di tutti i pazienti con frattura di L7 o lussazione L7-S1. Il segnalamento, il tipo di trauma ed il tempo intercorso alla diagnosi, i rilievi all'esame neurologico e altre lesioni concomitanti, ed il tempo di recupero sono stati registrati. La diagnosi è stata confermata con l'esame radiografico e tutti i pazienti con frattura sono stati trattati con il chiodo transiliaco percutaneo, mentre quelli con lussazione con due tecniche differenti.
La condizione neurologica di tutti i pazienti è migliorata rapidamente con attenuazione del dolore immediatamente dopo la chirurgia. Il recupero funzionale è stato da buono (6/20) ad eccellente (12/20) nella maggior parte dei pazienti.
I risultati di questo studio supportano l'impiego del chiodo transiliaco percutaneo per il trattamento della frattura di L7. La tecnica descritta è facile da eseguire, garantisce maggiore rispetto per i tessuti molli e l'impianto è duttile, modificabile e facile da rimuovere. Per il trattamento della lussazione lombosacrale la fissazione scheletrica interna con chiodi e polimetilmetacrilato si è mostrata più efficace, a fronte della diversità della lesione e la differente risposta relativamente la sua guarigione.
Cheops svela un sistema planetario con sei mondi
Creators: Daniela Sicilia
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Un raro sistema stellare costituito da sei esopianeti in risonanza è stato scoperto grazie alla missione Cheops dell’Esa. La loro configurazione orbitale mostra che il sistema è rimasto in gran parte invariato dalla sua formazione, avvenuta più di un miliardo di anni fa. Il risultato è stato pubblicato su Nature
Mondi d’acqua e caligine, in laboratorio
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Nebbiose atmosfere di remoti mondi acquatici. Ricostruite in una camera ad hoc della Johns Hopkins University per comprendere e quantificare l’impatto della foschia sulle loro proprietà ottiche – e in particolare sulle misure spettrali. I risultati, pubblicati ieri su Nature Astronomy, aiuteranno a modellare la formazione e l’evoluzione degli esopianeti d’acqua, nonché la ricerca di vita al di là del Sistema solare.
Verso telescopi più sostenibili
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

L’emergenza climatica è un problema che ha bisogno di azioni concrete e vicine, in ogni ambito. Soluzioni come quelle proposte nel piano di sostenibilità del NoirLab, che prevede di ridurre le proprie emissioni – fra tutti i telescopi e gli osservatori gestiti – del 43 (almeno) per cento entro il 2027
Generazione di modelli murini per lo studio dei processi di tumorigenesi
Creators: name: Belmonte, Stefania
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: Il cancro al polmone è la principale causa di morte per cancro sia negli uomini che nelle donne, con più di un milione di decessi all'anno.
Recentemente, è stata identificata una mutazione attivante di AKT1 in diversi tumori. La mutazione è causata dalla transizione G>A del nucleotide 49 esone 4. Tale mutazione comporta la sostituzione amminoacidica di un acido glutammico (E, residuo acido) con una lisina (K, residuo basico) in posizione 17 (E17K). La forma AKT1-E17K determina un cambio conformazionale del dominio PH favorendo cosi la traslocazione di AKT1 in membrana e, di conseguenza, un incremento dell'attività chinasica. In particolare la mutazione è stata identificata nel cancro alla mammella (8%), colon retto (6 %) e ovaio (2%). Nel cancro polmonare questa mutazione è stata riportata con una frequenza compresa tra 0.6-2%.
Il suo ruolo nello sviluppo del cancro al polmone resta ancora controverso. Nello studio descritto sono state valutate le proprietà oncogeniche del mutante Akt1-E17K attraverso la generazione di un ceppo murino knock-in condizionale in cui il mutante Akt1 E17K è sotto il controllo del locus Rosa 26. Dati ottenuti in vitro dimostrano che la forma mutata di Akt1 è capace di trasformare cellule epiteliali polmonari umane in vitro.
Nel modello murino generato (R26-Akt1 E17K) abbiamo verificato: che l'induzione di espressione del mutante di Akt1 nell'epitelio polmonare induce ad alta frequenza la presenza di iperplasia moderata o grave dei bronchi e/o dei bronchioli terminali. A lungo termine, sebbene a bassa frequenza, le lesioni iperplastiche progrediscono in carcinoma. L'attivazione del pathway di Akt può essere considerato un evento precoce che poi successivamente favorisce la progressione tumorale. Inoltre il mutante è in grado di cooperare con mutazioni di Kras indotte da un carcinogeno chimico (l'uretano).
AKT1-E17K è da considerarsi un oncogene che può trasformare le cellule epiteliali polmonari ed avviare processi di tumorigenesi nel polmone in vivo. La bassa frequenza di mutazioni Akt1 nei pazienti affetti da cancro al polmone (0,5-2%) potrebbe essere spiegata proprio dal fatto che la sua potenza oncogenica valutata nel ceppo R26 è apparentemente più debole di quella di altri oncogeni che agiscono nel polmone come i mutanti di EGFR , KRAS o PIK3CA.
Amaterasu e il mistero cosmico
Creators: Chiara Badia
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Con un’energia di 244 EeV – dunque poco inferiore a quella del raggio cosmico più potente mai registrato – la particella Amaterasu ha raggiunto la Terra il 27 maggio 2021 ed è stata rilevata dal Telescope Array, negli Stati Uniti. La sua origine fisica e la sua provenienza sono ancora sconosciute. La scoperta è stata pubblicata su Science la scorsa settimana
Essays in inventory control
Creators: name: Katircioglu, Kaan K.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis studies four important problems faced in the theory of inventory control. The first chapter addresses the issue of calculating optimal inventory policies in stochastic inventory problems, when unknown demand parameters are estimated from a sample of demand observations. A general framework for combining estimation and optimization problems is developed for a class of inventory problems when the demand distribution belongs to the scale-location family. The results show that biasing the scale parameter estimates gives better inventory policies for both cost minimization and service achievement objectives. The second chapter studies a periodic review, single-product, single facility inventory problem with multiple customer classes, each requiring a different service level. Customer demands are random and independent with a stationary probability distribution. The objective is to find a stock allocation policy among the customers and an inventory replenishment policy so as to achieve target customer service levels with minimum possible inventory holding cost. An easy-to-calculate myopic heuristic allocation-order policy is developed and its performance is tested through simulation. The third chapter finds an optimal inventory policy for a classical single-stage, singleproduct, unit demand, continuous review inventory problem where the interdemand times are independent identically distributed random variables with increasing failure rate. Unmet demand is fully backlogged and orders arrive after a lead time. The costs of backlogging and inventory carrying are linear. The objective is to minimize the long run average cost. If there is no fixed cost for placing an order, it is proven that a Delayed- (s-l,s) policy is optimal. In case of a fixed order cost, a Delayed-(s,S) policy is proven to be optimal. In chapter four, the same problem as in chapter three is studied for a Poisson demand in the case of lost sales. No fixed cost for placing an order is assumed. For this problem, an optimal policy is unknown and it is commonly believed that an (s-l,s) policy is sufficiently good. A new heuristic policy is suggested as an alternative, which uses more information, but is myopic in nature and its performance is compared with that of (s-l,s).
Experimental investigation on internal combustion engine for micro-cogeneration application fuelled with alternative fuels: energy recovery, performance and pollutants formation
Creators: name: Magno, Agnese
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2015

description: This work is aimed to characterize in terms of energy recovery, combustion characteristics and pollutant emissions a small compression ignition engine for micro-cogeneration application fuelled with blended and pure biodiesel. The engine under investigation was a three-cylinder, 1028 cc of displacement, equipped with a common-rail injection system. The engine was fuelled with diesel, a blend of 20% v/v rapeseed methyl ester (RME), a blend of 50% v/v RME and pure RME. Tests were performed at different operating conditions. The quantity and the quality of the waste heat energy, which can be used for cogeneration purpose, were evaluated through energy and exergy analyses, respectively. Combustion process was studied by means of thermodynamic analyses. The environmental impact of the engine in terms of combustion noise and pollutant emissions was investigated. In particular, an in-depth understanding of pollutants formation was provided by non-intrusive optical diagnostics application.
Results reported in this thesis could be useful for the development of a new technology of engine based micro-cogeneration system working at different engine speeds and loads.
“Macchine del tempo” in mostra a Roma
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Da sabato 25 novembre 2023 al 24 marzo 2024 a Roma, al Palazzo delle esposizioni, un’avventura nello spazio e nel tempo con la nuova mostra dell’Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (Inaf): un connubio perfetto tra divulgazione scientifica, gioco e cultura in un percorso espositivo che guarda al futuro strizzando l’occhio ai favolosi anni Ottanta
Contribution of a nearby Pulsar to Cosmic Rays observed at Earth
Creators: name: Bhadra, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contribution of nearby pulsars to the cosmic rays observed at Earth has been studied. It is found that the experimental bound on amplitude of cosmic ray anisotropy may produce significant constraint on the efficiency of converting pulsar rotational energy to emitted particles kinetic energy. Cosmic ray fluxes from two well known nearby gamma ray pulsars, namely the Vela and Geminga pulsars, are estimated. The analysis suggests that observed bound on cosmic ray anisotropy restricts the contributions of the Vela and the Geminga pulsars to at most 1 % of the observed cosmic rays below the knee.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, Accepted in Astropart. Phys
Numerical method for computing the free energy of glasses
Creators: name: Vinutha, H. A.
name: Frenkel, Daan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a numerical technique to compute the equilibrium free energy of glasses that cannot be prepared quasi-reversibly. For such systems, standard techniques for estimating the free energy by extrapolation, cannot be used. Instead, we use a procedure that samples the equilibrium partition function of the basins of attraction of the different inherent structures (local potential energy minima) of the system. If all relevant inherent structures could be adequately sampled in the (supercooled) liquid phase, our approach would be rigorous. In any finite simulation, we will miss the lower-energy inherent structures that become dominant at very low temperatures. We find that our free energy estimates for a Kob-Andersen glass are lower than those obtained by very slow cooling, even at temperatures down to one third of the glass transition temperature. The current approach could be applied to compute the chemical potential of ultra-stable glassy materials, and should enable the estimation of their solubility.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Continuous flow laser-induced unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Alharbi, Thaar M. D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Unzipped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) provide a route to graphene carbon ribbons (GNRs), which have application in electronic devices. Pulsed irradiation using an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm mediates such unzipping of MWCNTs dispersed in ethanol under shear stress within the vortex fluidic device (VFD). The method is scalable with the thin film device operating under continuous flow, while also avoiding the use of harsh chemicals and auxiliary substances. Unzipped MWCNTs are formed in 90% yield and have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The systematically derived optimal laser power for unzipping was 250 mJ and increasing the laser power results in the fragmentation of the MWCNTs.
Production experiment, subject 61
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 28-year-old female. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Rapid Method for Generation Prioritization during System Restoration with Renewable Resources
Creators: name: Mate, Adam
name: Cotilla-Sanchez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Quick and reliable power system restoration is critically important after natural disasters or other sudden threats, such as cyber-attacks. Leveraging renewable resources in system restoration shortens recovery times, resulting in prevented life-loss and avoided economic-loss, and improves the resilience of the entire grid. However, it is not a common practice today; the inherent variability of these resources represents a challenge for a streamlined restoration process. This paper presents a prioritized method - starting with renewable generator units then lowering priority to conventional units - to plan the operational schedule of a power system during the restoration process. The goal is to achieve a well balanced system in the presence of significant renewable penetration. Validation and benchmarking experiments were performed on a customized version of the RTS-GMLC test system using six months out of year-long data, tested through hourly simulations. After evaluating the performance and computational costs, this method proved faster than common approaches: a MILP Unit Commitment algorithm, widely used today, and an "enable-and-try" algorithm. In summary, herein a more convenient method is provided to be utilized during time-sensitive restoration, as an online operation-planning aid.
description: 8 pages. 5 figures
Projected Walk on Spheres: A Monte Carlo Closest Point Method for Surface PDEs
Creators: name: Sugimoto, Ryusuke
name: King, Nathan
name: Hachisuka, Toshiya
name: Batty, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present projected walk on spheres (PWoS), a novel pointwise and discretization-free Monte Carlo solver for surface PDEs with Dirichlet boundaries, as a generalization of the walk on spheres method (WoS) [Muller 1956; Sawhney and Crane 2020]. We adapt the recursive relationship of WoS designed for PDEs in volumetric domains to a volumetric neighborhood around the surface, and at the end of each recursion step, we project the sample point on the sphere back to the surface. We motivate this simple modification to WoS with the theory of the closest point extension used in the closest point method. To define the valid volumetric neighborhood domain for PWoS, we develop strategies to estimate the local feature size of the surface and to compute the distance to the Dirichlet boundaries on the surface extended in their normal directions. We also design a mean value filtering method for PWoS to improve the method's efficiency when the surface is represented as a polygonal mesh or a point cloud. Finally, we study the convergence of PWoS and demonstrate its application to graphics tasks, including diffusion curves, geodesic distance computation, and wave propagation animation. We show that our method works with various types of surfaces, including a surface of mixed codimension.
description: Accepted to SIGGRAPH Asia 2024 (Conference Papers). See https://rsugimoto.net/ProjectedWalkOnSpheres/ for updates
Asylum as artifice : the role of the 'asylum seeker' and the production of the space-time of asylum accommodation in Glasgow, Scotland
Creators: name: Pearce, Anna Valeria
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Asylum
subject: Accommodation
subject: Carcerality
subject: Legal geographies
subject: Migration
subject: HV640.4G7P4
subject: Political refugees--Scotland--Glasgow--Social conditions

description: This thesis explores the relationship between the legal category of the ‘asylum seeker’ and production of asylum accommodation as space-time, through a localised empirical case study in Glasgow, Scotland. Administered by the UK Home Office and delivered by a private contractor, the Mears Group, asylum accommodation is here theorised as being a logistically defined and value-creating carceral space-time. This is constituted relationally and performatively, a theoretical composite of the work of Massey (2001), Delaney (2010) and Butler (1988). Such a theorisation is arrived at through a novel conceptualization of the ‘asylum seeker’ as an artifice, the site of a double real abstraction of legal categorization and commodity exchange, drawing on the work of Toscano (2008, 2012, 2014), Thomas (2021) and Sohn-Rethel (2021). The category of the ‘asylum seeker’ – the legal double of the real asylum-seeking individual – is constituted through three different levels of discourse: 1) successive rounds of asylum legislation since 1993, which has stripped away access to employment and welfare; 2) contracts for the delivery of asylum accommodation, which recast the ‘asylum seeker’ as a ‘service user’; 3) relationality and performativity of roles, which in turn constitute the space-time of asylum accommodation itself. Analysis of all three levels of discourse, understood to be in a dialectical, co-constitutive relationship with one another, contributes a formulation of asylum accommodation as a ‘parallel world’: a qualitatively distinct modality of space-time, ruled by legal and commodity exchange abstraction, which has the capacity to distort the semantic constructions used to describe it. This formulation in turn enables propositions concerning the role of asylum accommodation in wider migration management to be made, problematizing not only the organization of authority between the Home Office and private accommodation providers, but the nature of power itself in such contractual arrangements.
Depletion and fractionation of nitrogen in collapsing cores
Creators: name: Hily-Blant, P.
name: Forêts, G. Pineau des
name: Faure, A.
name: Flower, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of the nitrogen isotopic ratio in Solar System comets show a constant value, ~140, which is three times lower than the protosolar ratio, a highly significant difference that remains unexplained. Observations of static starless cores at early stages of collapse confirm the theoretical expectation that nitrogen fractionation in interstellar conditions is marginal for most species. Yet, observed isotopic ratios in N2H+ are at variance with model predictions. These gaps in our understanding of how the isotopic reservoirs of nitrogen evolve, from interstellar clouds to comets, and, more generally, to protosolar nebulae, may have their origin in missing processes or misconceptions in the chemistry of interstellar nitrogen. So far, theoretical studies of nitrogen fractionation in starless cores have addressed the quasi-static phase of their evolution such that the effect of dynamical collapse on the isotopic ratio is not known. In this paper, we investigate the fractionation of 14N and 15N during the gravitational collapse of a pre-stellar core through gas-phase and grain adsorption and desorption reactions. The initial chemical conditions, which are obtained in steady state after typically a few Myr, show low degrees of fractionation in the gas phase, in agreement with earlier studies. However, during collapse, the differential rate of adsorption of 14N- and 15N-containing species onto grains results in enhanced 15N:14N ratios, in better agreement with the observations. Furthermore, we find differences in the behavior, with increasing density, of the isotopic ratio in different species. We find that the collapse must take place on approximately one free-fall timescale, based on the CO abundance profile in L183 [see the end in the PDF file]
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Squilibrate galassie nane, satelliti della Via Lattea
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Sono ritenute satelliti di lunga data della nostra galassia, ma in realtà la maggior parte delle galassie nane potrebbe essere stata distrutta subito dopo l’ingresso nell’alone galattico. Ora un team di ricercatori ha dimostrato, grazie ai dati di Gaia, che le galassie nane potrebbero essere fuori equilibrio. Si aprono così importanti questioni sul modello cosmologico standard e sulla presenza in esse di materia oscura
Spathulina acroleuca Schiner, Reise Novara, Dipt.
Creators: name: Mailoch, J. R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Spathulina
Spathulina acroleuca

description: Spathulina acroleuca Schiner, Reise Novara, Dipt., 268, 1868. Near Agfayan, Mt. Alifan, Yona, Inarajan, Bryan, Swezey, five specimens. This species is quite variable in the wing markings and has been described under at least four different specific names. It occurs in Egypt, South Africa, and widely throughout the Indo-Australian Region, including Australia where it is common on the east coastal portion. Not known to occur in New Zealand.
description: Published as part of Mailoch, J. R., 1942, Trypetidae, Otitidae, Helomyzidae, And Clusiidae of Guam (Diptera), pp. 201-210 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on page 202, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5163626
Euler-scale dynamical fluctuations in non-equilibrium interacting integrable systems
Creators: name: Perfetto, Gabriele
name: Doyon, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an exact formula for the scaled cumulant generating function of the time-integrated current associated to an arbitrary ballistically transported conserved charge. Our results rely on the Euler-scale description of interacting, many-body, integrable models out of equilibrium given by the generalized hydrodynamics, and on the large deviation theory. Crucially, our findings extend previous studies by accounting for inhomogeneous and dynamical initial states in interacting systems. We present exact expressions for the first three cumulants of the time-integrated current. Considering the non-interacting limit of our general expression for the scaled cumulant generating function, we further show that for the partitioning protocol initial state our result coincides with previous results of the literature. Given the universality of the generalized hydrodynamics, the expression obtained for the scaled cumulant generating function is applicable to any interacting integrable model obeying the hydrodynamic equations, both classical and quantum.
description: 35 pages, 1 figure
An efficient quantum algorithm for the hidden subgroup problem in extraspecial groups
Creators: name: Ivanyos, Gábor
name: Sanselme, Luc
name: Santha, Miklos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extraspecial groups form a remarkable subclass of p-groups. They are also present in quantum information theory, in particular in quantum error correction. We give here a polynomial time quantum algorithm for finding hidden subgroups in extraspecial groups. Our approach is quite different from the recent algorithms presented in [17] and [2] for the Heisenberg group, the extraspecial p-group of size p3 and exponent p. Exploiting certain nice automorphisms of the extraspecial groups we define specific group actions which are used to reduce the problem to hidden subgroup instances in abelian groups that can be dealt with directly.
description: 10 pages
“Se questo non vi spaventa…”
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Nelle giornate del 17 e 18 novembre le temperature medie globali hanno superato, per la prima volta, la soglia dei due gradi oltre i livelli preindustriali, dal 1850 al 1900. Dati che, chiaramente, non hanno ancora rilevanza statistica, ma che dimostrano che i limiti fissati dall’accordo di Parigi non sono affatto lontani
Elliptic flow of Lambda hyperons in Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV
Creators: name: Stefanek, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The elliptic flow of Lambda hyperons has been measured by the NA49 collaboration at the CERN-SPS in semi-central Pb+Pb collisions at 158A GeV. The standard method of correlating particles with the event plane was used. Measurements of v2 near mid-rapidity are reported as a function of rapidity, centrality and transverse momentum. Elliptic flow of Lambda particles increases both with the impact parameter and with the transverse momentum. It is compared with v2 for pions and protons as well as with model calculations. The observation of significant elliptic flow and its mass dependence suggest strong collective behaviour of the matter produced in collisions of heavy nuclei already at the SPS. Scaling properties of elliptic flow of different particle species have been tested at 158A GeV. The limited pT range of the data does not allow for a decisive test of the coalescence model.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review C
The study of the generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator in the context of the Som-Raychaudhuri space-time
Creators: name: Zhong, Lan
name: Chen, Hao
name: Hassanabadi, Hassan
name: Long, Zheng-Wen
name: Long, Chao-Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the relativistic scalar particle described by the Klein-Gordon interacts with the uniform magnetic field in the context of the Som-Raychaudhuri space-time. Based on the property of the biconfluent Heun function equation, the corresponding Klein-Gordon oscillator and generalized Klein-Gordon oscillator under considering the Coulomb potential are separately investigated, and the analogue of the Aharonov-Bohm effect is analyzed in this scenario. On this basis, we also give the influence of different parameters including the parameter α and oscillator frequency ω, and the potential parameter ξ2 on the energy eigenvalues of the considered systems.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
The Stellar Populations of M33's Outer Regions III: Star Formation History
Creators: name: Barker, Michael K.
name: Sarajedini, Ata
name: Geisler, Doug
name: Harding, Paul
name: Schommer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the star formation history (SFH) of three fields in M33 located ~ 4 - 6 visual scale lengths from its nucleus. These fields were imaged with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope and reach ~ 2.5 magnitudes below the red clump of core helium burning stars. The observed color-magnitude diagrams are modeled as linear combinations of individual synthetic populations with different ages and metallicities. To gain a better understanding of the systematic errors we have conducted the analysis with two different sets of stellar evolutionary tracks which we designate as Padova (Girardi et al. 2000) and Teramo (Pietrinferni et al. 2004). The precise details of the results depend on which tracks are used but we can make several conclusions that are fairly robust despite the differences. Both sets of tracks predict the mean age to increase and the mean metallicity to decrease with radius. Allowing age and metallicity to be free parameters and assuming star formation began ~ 14 Gyr ago, we find that the mean age of all stars and stellar remnants increases from ~ 6 Gyr to ~ 8 Gyr and the mean global metallicity decreases from ~ -0.7 to ~ -0.9. The fraction of stars formed by 4.5 Gyr ago increases from ~ 65% to ~ 80%. The mean star formation rate 80 - 800 Myr ago decreases from ~ 30% of the lifetime average to just ~ 5%. The random errors on these estimates are ~ 10%, 1.0 Gyr, and 0.1 dex. By comparing the results of the two sets of stellar tracks for the real data and for test populations with known SFH we have estimated the systematic errors to be 15%, 1.0 Gyr, and 0.2 dex. These do not include uncertainties in the bolometric corrections or variations in alpha-element abundance which deserve future study.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ. 38 pages total, 32 figures, 7 tables, uses emulateapj.cls, high resolution version available at http://www.astro.ufl.edu/~mbarker/astroph/msIII.pdf
Missioni spaziali, si riparte con il plutonio-238
Creators: Marco Malaspina
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

La recente spedizione di mezzo chilo di plutonio-238, da usare come fonte di calore, dall’Oak Ridge National Laboratory del Dipartimento dell’energia degli Stati Uniti al Los Alamos National Laboratory è considerata dalla Nasa un passo fondamentale per ricominciare ad alimentare le missioni spaziali con sistemi a radioisotopi
Production experiment, subject 60
Creators: name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: kdt

description: Target and distractor stimuli embedded in carrier sentences. Subject is a 66-year-old male. Carried out in a quiet room in the temple of Wat Nakharin in Ban Khi Nak.
Misura ultra-precisa della rotazione terrestre
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

I ricercatori della Technical University di Monaco sono riusciti a misurare la rotazione terrestre in modo più preciso che mai, utilizzando l'interferometro laser ad anello dell'Osservatorio geodetico Wettzell, in Germania. Le misurazioni verranno utilizzate per determinare la posizione della Terra nello spazio, a beneficio della ricerca sul clima: consentiranno infatti di ottenere modelli climatici più affidabili
Asymptotic profiles for a wave equation with parameter dependent logarithmic damping
Creators: name: Charao, Ruy Coimbra
name: D'Abbicco, Marcello
name: Ikehata, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35L05, 35B40, 35B05, 35B45, 35C20, 35S05

description: We study a nonlocal wave equation with logarithmic damping which is rather weak in the low frequency zone as compared with frequently studied strong damping case. We consider the Cauchy problem for this model in the whole space and we study the asymptotic profile and optimal estimates of the solutions and the total energy as time goes to infinity in L^{2}-sense. In that case some results on hypergeometric functions are useful.
description: 20 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.06319
I quindici parsec più interni della Via Lattea
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

È una delle ultime immagini catturate dallo strumento NirCam di Jwst. Mostra i 15 parsec più interni della nostra galassia, la Via Lattea. Oltre a una nube scura a infrarossi e un ammasso di protostelle, svela con una incredibile quantità di dettagli la regione di intensa formazione stellare Sagittarius C, permettendo agli astronomi di determinare il tasso di formazione stellare e testare i modelli teorici di formazione delle stelle massicce in questo ambiente estremo
Cycasia oculata Mailoch, 1942, new species
Creators: name: Mailoch, J. R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1942
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Trypetidae
Cycasia
Cycasia oculata

description: Cycasia oculata, new species (fig. 1). Male. Fulvous or orange yellow, thorax and abdomen glossy, wings with brownish yellow fasciae. Head from in front wider than high, in profile a little higher than long; frons at vertex about four fifths as wide as long, much narrowed in front. Third antennal segment about 2.5 times as long as second. Gena about one eighth as high as eye. All bristles and hairs yellow. Thorax with a whitish yellow line over humeri and extending baclnvard along upper margin of pleura to bases of wings; scutellum also much paler than mesonotum, which is undusted, and there is a black dot at anterior extremity of the postalar declivities. Mesonotal hairs short, rather dense, and yellow; bristles yellow. Wing as.in figure 1. Abdomen broadly ovate, not longer than thorax, convex on dorsum. Length, 4 mm. Mt. Chachao, May 16, ex Cycas, type and one paratype, Swezey; Piti, Aug. 24, one paratype, Swezey; Agat, May 31, one paratype, Swezey; Passan, June 15, one paratype, Usinger; Guam, no other data, one male paratype, Fullaway.
description: Published as part of Mailoch, J. R., 1942, Trypetidae, Otitidae, Helomyzidae, And Clusiidae of Guam (Diptera), pp. 201-210 in Insects of Guam I, Honolulu, Hawaii :Bernice P. Bishop Museum on page 203, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5163626
Does the mass of a black hole decrease due to the accretion of phantom energy
Creators: name: Gao, Changjun
name: Chen, Xuelei
name: Faraoni, Valerio
name: Shen, You-Gen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Babichev et al., the accretion of a phantom test fluid onto a Schwarzschild black hole will induce the mass of the black hole to decrease, however the backreaction was ignored in their calculation. Using new exact solutions describing black holes in a background Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe, we find that the physical black hole mass may instead increase due to the accretion of phantom energy. If this is the case, and the future universe is dominated by phantom dark energy, the black hole apparent horizon and the cosmic apparent horizon will eventually coincide and, after that, the black hole singularity will become naked in finite comoving time before the Big Rip occurs, violating the Cosmic Censorship Conjecture.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. PRD accepted
Le stelle triple sono le nuove doppie
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Secondo un nuovo studio, il disco attorno alle stelle di tipo Be sarebbe quel che resta di una delle due compagne di un sistema triplo. L’idea che il disco si formasse dal trasferimento di massa di una stella compagna c’era già, ma l’ipotesi che possa essere un sistema triplo la rafforza, perché invoca un meccanismo fisico chiamato “binary hardening” che provocherebbe la migrazione di una stella verso l’interno. Tutti i dettagli su Mnras
L’aurora sopra una macchia solare
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

Per la prima volta è stata osservata l’aurora sul Sole. È durata oltre una settimana e si è stagliata a circa 40mila chilometri di altezza, sopra una macchia solare, in una regione in cui i campi magnetici sono particolarmente intensi
title: A corpus-based analysis of meaning variations in German tag questions evidence from spoken and written conversational corpora
Creators: name: Clausen, Yulia
name: Schefﬂer, Tatjana
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 400 Sprache

description: This paper addresses semantic/pragmatic variability of tag questions in German and makes three main contributions. First, we document the prevalence and variety of question tags in German across three different types of conversational corpora. Second, by annotating question tags according to their syntactic and semantic context, discourse function, and pragmatic effect, we demonstrate the existing overlap and differences between the individual tag variants. Finally, we distinguish several groups of question tags by identifying the factors that influence the speakers’ choices of tags in the conversational context, such as clause type, function, speaker/hearer knowledge, as well as conversation type and medium. These factors provide the limits of variability by constraining certain question tags in German against occurring in specific contexts or with individual functions.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 706
Re/producing a "white British Columbia" : the meanings of the Janet Smith Bill
Creators: name: Kerwin, Michael Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: During the fall of 1924, the British Columbia Legislature debated a bill that proposed banning the employment of white women and Asian men as servants in the same household. Although this piece of legislation (publicly known as the "Janet Smith Bill") never passed into law, it offers great insight into the racial and nationalist ideas that were dominant in 1920's British Columbia. Drawing on postmodern theories of 'discourse' and 'knowledge,' I have located the Janet Smith Bill within larger intellectual and political structures to understand what the bill's goal of "protecting white women" means. My thesis identifies two primary meanings of this bill. First, the Janet Smith Bill is meant to prevent the production of Eurasian children in British Columbia by keeping Asian men and young white women physically apart. Scientific "knowledge" dictated that such offspring would only produce social chaos in the country. The second primary meaning of the bill is based on the nationalist drive to keep British Columbia "white" by increasing the white birthrate. Moral reformers and politicians feared that young white women would become drug addicts through close association with 'Orientals,' consequently forsaking their duty as "mothers of the race." Protecting white women, according to this discourse, meant protecting their ability and opportunity to produce healthy white babies. The Janet Smith Bill, therefore, was meant to produce and reproduce a "white British Columbia."
Probability currents as principal characteristics in the statistical mechanics of non-equilibrium steady states
Creators: name: Zia, R. K. P.
name: Schmittmann, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key features of non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) is the presence of nontrivial probability currents. We propose a general classification of NESS in which these currents play a central distinguishing role. As a corollary, we specify the transformations of the dynamic transition rates which leave a given NESS invariant. The formalism is most transparent within a continuous time master equation framework since it allows for a general graph-theoretical representation of the NESS. We discuss the consequences of these transformations for entropy production, present several simple examples, and explore some generalizations, to discrete time and continuous variables.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures. Invited article for JSTAT Special Issue on 'Principles of Dynamics of Nonequilibrium Systems', held at the Newton Institute, Cambridge, UK, in 2006
Lo strano caso del Piano supergalattico
Creators: Giuseppe Fiasconaro
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2023

La ragione per cui nel Piano supergalattico le galassie a spirale siano sottorappresentate è ancora oggi un mistero. Per Jim Peebles, cosmologo e premio Nobel per la fisica 2019, è una delle cinque domande chiave dell'universo. Un team di ricercatori dell'Università di Helsinki pare ora aver trovato una possibile spiegazione. Tutti i dettagli su Nature Astronomy