cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Projection of the gravitational dynamics on a subspace of probability distributions: curl-free Gaussian ansatz
Creators: name: Valageas, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to model the gravitational dynamics of large-scale structures. Instead of solving the equations of motion up to a finite perturbative order or building phenomenological models, we follow the evolution of the probability distribution of the displacement and velocity fields within an approximation subspace. Keeping the exact equations of motion with their full nonlinearity, this provides a nonperturbative scheme that goes beyond shell crossing. Focusing on the simplest case of a curl-free Gaussian ansatz for the displacement and velocity fields, we find that truncations of the power spectra on nonlinear scales directly arise from the equations of motion. This leads to a truncated Zeldovich approximation for the density power spectrum, but with a truncation that is not set a priori and with different power spectra for the displacement and velocity fields. The positivity of their auto power spectra also follows from the equations of motion. Although the density power spectrum is only recovered up to a smooth drift on BAO scales, the predicted density correlation function agrees with numerical simulations within $2\%$ from BAO scales down to $7 h^{-1} {\rm Mpc}$ at $z \geq 0.35$, without any free parameter.
description: 25 pages
Quantum Electron Transport in Disordered Wires with Symplectic Symmetry
Creators: name: Takane, Yositake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conductance of disordered wires with symplectic symmetry is studied by the supersymmetric field theory. Special attention is focused on the case where the number of conducting channels is odd. Such a situation can be realized in metallic carbon nanotubes. The average dimensionless conductance g is obtained using Zirnbauer's super-Fourier analysis. It is shown that with increasing wire length, g approaches to 1 in the odd-channel case, while g vanishes in the ordinary even-channel case. It should be emphasized that the so-called Zirnbauer's zero mode, which has been believed to be unphysical, is essential for describing the anomalous behavior in the odd-channel case.
description: 5 pages
The Application and Modification of Delegation - Agent Model in Agricultural Insurance
Creators: name: Xue, Hai-Lian
name: Zhang, Hai-Xia
name: Xue, Hai-Lian
name: Zhang, Hai-Xia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural insurance
subject: Delegation-agent model
subject: Moral hazard
subject: Modification
subject: China

description: The delegation-agent models in agricultural assurance are established both under the circumstances of information symmetry and information asymmetry. Insurers choose effort level —a* according to the first order optimal condition of at the present stage when the information is symmetric. While the information is asymmetric, the first order optimal condition changed into . In other words, the higher the output, the more and more income of insured. The paper also modifies the models, when the information is symmetric, the insurers determine the effort level of insured—a* based on the first order optimal condition of ; to the contrary, the first order optimal condition would change into . The results show that the insured and the insurers would both benefit from the insurance when the effort cost function related to the expectation of the insured (agricultural producers). If the insured manage the objects of insurance more seriously, the rate of disasters would be lowered. Therefore, the insurance claimed against the insured would be lessened, and the benefits of the insurers would be increased at last.
title: Ð Ð¸ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÐIM ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ Ð² ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ðµ
title: Risks of implementation of BIM technologies in construction
Creators: name: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð°, Ð¡Ð²ÐµÑÐ»Ð°Ð½Ð°
name: "Ð£Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¸ÑÐºÐ°Ð¼Ð¸: Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÐµ Ð²ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ñ, Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (Ð ÐÐ¡ÐâÐ­â2023)", Ð½Ð°ÑÑÐ½Ð¾-Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½ÑÐ¸Ñ Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÐ±ÐµÐ¶Ð½ÑÐ¼ ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÐµÐ¼ (2023; Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³)
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ð¡ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÑÑÐ²Ð¾
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Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÐµÐ³ÑÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
digitalization
risks
BIM technologies
construction industry
efficiency
results
legislation regulation

description: Ð­ÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐIM ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ²Ð»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸Ð· Ð°ÐºÑÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ¼ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ»Ð¸. Ð Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð² ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð·Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ ÐµÑÐµ Ð² 2014 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ. Ð 2021 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑ, Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ·ÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÑÑÑ BIM ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸, ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼Ð¸ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¸. ÐÐ¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑ Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼, ÐºÑÐ¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð»ÐµÐºÐ°ÐµÑ ÑÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð´Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð², ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸. ÐÐµÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÑ, Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¹, Ð¸ Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ðµ ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²Ð°, Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑ
ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ»Ð¸ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ´Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾. Ð ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÐºÐ¸, Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ñ ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐµÑÑÐ° Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹.
description: The effectiveness of the introduction of BIM technologies currently is the topic of high interest in the development of the construction
industry. Raising the questions of the need of digitalization in the construction industry started talking âLoudlyâ back in 2014. By 2021, regulatory documents have been adopted obliging construction companies working with government orders to use BIM technologies. Subsequent legislative changes require everyone who raises funds from equity holders to work using a digital model. Despite the effects confirmed by practice and the active participation of the state, the process of digitalization of the construction industry is proceeding slowly. The article discusses the main risks and problems that arise for the participants in the construction process when
introducing digital technologies.
Exact Results for Average Cluster Numbers in Bond Percolation on Lattice Strips
Creators: name: Chang, Shu-Chiuan
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact calculations of the average number of connected clusters per site, $$, as a function of bond occupation probability $p$, for the bond percolation problem on infinite-length strips of finite width $L_y$, of the square, triangular, honeycomb, and kagomé lattices $Λ$ with various boundary conditions. These are used to study the approach of $$, for a given $p$ and $Λ$, to its value on the two-dimensional lattice as the strip width increases. We investigate the singularities of $$ in the complex $p$ plane and their influence on the radii of convergence of the Taylor series expansions of $$ about $p=0$ and $p=1$.
description: 16 pages, revtex, 7 eps figures
Efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in knee osteoarthritis : a randomized controlled discontinuation trial
Creators: name: Cibere, Jolanda
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of glucosamine in knee OA in a randomized discontinuation trial. As a secondary objective, the effect of glucosamine on cartilage type II collagen degradation (CII) was evaluated. Methods: A multicenter 24-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled glucosamine sulfate (GS) discontinuation trial was conducted. Subjects were included if they met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for knee OA, had osteophytes on x-ray, were current users of glucosamine, and had had at least moderate relief of knee pain after starting glucosamine. Subjects received GS at the same dose as prior to the study or placebo (PL) at an equivalent dose. Treatment was continued for 24 weeks or until disease flare. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with disease flare in the two groups. Secondary outcomes included time to flare, severity of flare, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA index (WOMAC) scores, analgesic medication use and CII degradation markers. Results: The intent-to-treat analysis included 137 subjects (71 GS, 66 PL), aged 40-88 yrs (mean 64) with median baseline WOMAC pain on walking of 13mm (range 0-78mm) and median duration of GS use of 1.5 yrs (range 0 . 1 - 7 yrs). The proportion of subjects who developed a flare in the PL and GS groups was 42% and 45%, respectively (95% confidence interval [CI], -19%, 14%; p=0.76). After adjustment for sex and OA radiographic severity at baseline, the risk of disease flare was similar in the two groups (Cox regression hazard ratio for GS group 0.81; 95% CI 0.47, 1.40; p=0.45). Similarly, no significant differences were seen between treatment groups in the severity of flare, WOMAC scores, analgesic medication use and CII degradation markers. Conclusion: In knee OA subjects with moderate to marked subjective improvement with prior glucosamine use, this study provides no evidence of benefit from the continued use of glucosamine sulfate over 6 months. No statistically significant effect of glucosamine sulfate on type II collagen degradation was demonstrated.
A Regional Bolus Tracking and Real-time B$_1$ Calibration Method for Hyperpolarized $^{13}$C MRI
Creators: name: Tang, Shuyu
name: Milshteyn, Eugene
name: Reed, Galen
name: Gordon, Jeremy
name: Bok, Robert
name: Zhu, Xucheng
name: Zhu, Zihan
name: Vigneron, Daniel B.
name: Larson, Peder E. Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: Acquisition timing and B$_1$ calibration are two key factors that affect the quality and accuracy of hyperpolarized $^{13}$C MRI. The goal of this project was to develop a new approach using regional bolus tracking to trigger Bloch-Siegert B$_1$ mapping and real-time B$_1$ calibration based on regional B$_1$ measurements, followed by dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized $^{13}C$ metabolites in vivo. Methods: The proposed approach was implemented on a system which allows real-time data processing and real-time control on the sequence. Real-time center frequency calibration upon the bolus arrival was also added. The feasibility of applying the proposed framework for in vivo hyperpolarized $^{13}$C imaging was tested on healthy rats, tumor-bearing mice and a healthy volunteer on a clinical 3T scanner following hyperpolarized [1-$^{13}$C]pyruvate injection. Multichannel receive coils were used in the human study. Results: Automatic acquisition timing based on either regional bolus peak or bolus arrival was achieved with the proposed framework. Reduced blurring artifacts in real-time reconstructed images were observed with real-time center frequency calibration. Real-time computed B$_1$ scaling factors agreed with real-time acquired B$_1$ maps. Flip angle correction using B$_1$ maps results in a more consistent quantification of metabolic activity (i.e, pyruvate-to-lactate conversion, k$_{PL}$). Experiment recordings are provided to demonstrate the real-time actions during the experiment. Conclusion: The proposed method was successfully demonstrated on animals and a human volunteer, and is anticipated to improve the efficient use of the hyperpolarized signal as well as the accuracy and robustness of hyperpolarized $^{13}$C imaging.
Investigation and Solutions on Rural Micro insurance —A Case of Hebei Province
Creators: name: Wang, Wei-Guo
name: Ling, Mei
name: Li, Jia
name: Wang, Wei-Guo
name: Ling, Mei
name: Li, Jia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural micro insurance
subject: Marketing channel
subject: Management pattern
subject: Insurance products
subject: Hebei Province
subject: China

description: On the strength of investigation, the status quo of rural micro insurance of Hebei Province is introduced. The results show that it is characterized by the following features: rapid development；continuously increased experimental types and experimental areas; increasingly improved ability of serving the economic and social development; the combination of micro insurance and small loan has achieved success. Based on the efforts of analyzing the questionnaires, the following problems of the development of rural small loan are detected. For instance, the inadequate promotion on micro insurance; peasants’ weak awareness of insurance; unclear understanding of the functions of micro insurance；unitary marketing channel of micro insurance; complex reasons of peasants’ unwillingness to buy micro insurance and the service quality of insurance company should be improved. In view of these problems, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, which include strengthening the promotion on micro insurance, improving peasants’ awareness of insurance; expanding the marketing channel and innovating operation mode; innovating the products of micro insurance and encouraging technological innovation; improving the quality of service and establishing the excellent image of insurance company; strengthening the support from government and assisting peasants to insure.
Temporal dynamics of arsenic uptake and distribution: food and water risks in the Bengal basin
Creators: name: Sarath Pullyottum Kavil
name: Devanita Ghosh
name: Pašić, Indira
name: Joyanto Routh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Contaminated food chain is a serious contender for arsenic (As) uptake around the globe. In Nadia, West Bengal, we trace possible means of transfer of As from multiple sources reaching different trophic levels, and associated seasonal variability leading to chronic As uptake. This work considers possible sources-pathways of As transfer through food chain in rural community. Arsenic concentration in groundwater, soil, rice, and vegetable-samples collected detected in different harvest seasons of 2014 and 2016. Arsenic level in shallow groundwater samples ranged from 0.1 to 354 µg/L, with 75% of the sites above the prescribed limit by WHO (10 µg/L) during the boro harvest season. High soil As content (∼20.6 mg/kg), resulted in accumulation of As in food crops. A positive correlation in As conc. with increase over period in all sites indicating gradual As accumulation in topsoil. Unpolished rice samples showed high As content (∼1.75 mg/kg), polishing reduced 80% of As. Among vegetables, the plant family Poaceae with high irrigation requirements and Solanaceae retaining high moisture, have the highest levels of As. Contaminated animal fodder (Poaceae) and turf water for cattle are shown to contaminate milk (0.06 to 0.24 µg/L) and behoves strategies, practices to minimize As exposure.
The cosmological vacuum ambiguity, effective actions, and transplanckian effects in inflation
Creators: name: Schalm, Koenraad
name: Shiu, Gary
name: van der Schaar, Jan Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a prescription for parametrizing the vacuum choice ambiguity in cosmological settings. We introduce an arbitrary boundary action representing the initial conditions. A Lagrangian description is moreover the natural setting to study decoupling of high-energy physics. RG flow affects the boundary interactions. As a consequence the boundary conditions are sensitive to high-energy physics through irrelevant terms in the boundary action. Using scalar field theory as an example, we derive the leading dimension four irrelevant boundary operators. We discuss how the known vacuum choices, e.g. the Bunch-Davies vacuum, appear in the Lagrangian description and square with decoupling. For all choices of boundary conditions encoded by relevant boundary operators, of which the known ones are a subset, backreaction is under control. All, moreover, will generically feel the influence of high-energy physics through irrelevant (dimension four) boundary corrections. Having established a coherent effective field theory framework including the vacuum choice ambiguity, we derive an explicit expression for the power spectrum of inflationary density perturbations including the leading high energy corrections. In accordance with the dimensionality of the leading irrelevant operators, the effect of high energy physics is linearly proportional to the Hubble radius H and the scale of new physics l = 1/M. Effects of such strength are potentially observable in future measurements of the cosmic microwave background.
description: LaTeX, 30 pages, 2 figures. Presented by KS at the Mitchell Conference on Strings and Cosmology
Partial-wave analysis of $\vec{p}\vec{p}\to ppπ^\circ$ data
Creators: name: Deepak, P. N.
name: Haidenbauer, J.
name: Hanhart, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a partial-wave analysis of the polarization data for the reaction $\vec{p}\vec{p}\to ppπ^\circ$, based solely on the recent measurements at IUCF for this channel. The fit leads to a $χ^2$ per degree of freedom of 1.7. Methods for an improved analysis are discussed. We compare the extracted values to those from a meson exchange model.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
D-dimensional self-gravitating lattice gas in general relativity
Creators: name: Bakhti, Benaoumeur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a lattice equation of state combined with the D-dimensional Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation and the Friedmann equations, we investigate the possibility of the formation of compact objects as well as the time evolution of the scale factor and the density profile of a self-gravitating material cluster. The numerical results show that in a $2+1$ dimensional spacetime, the mass is independent of the central pressure. Hence, the formation of only compact objects with a finite constant mass similar to the white dwarf is possible. However, in a $3+1$ dimensional spacetime, self-gravity leads to the formation of compact objects with a large gap of mass and the corresponding phase diagram has the same structure as the one for Neutron Star. The results also show that beyond certain critical central pressure, the star is unstable against gravitational collapse, and it may end in a black hole. Analysis of spacetimes of higher dimensions shows that gravity has the stronger effect in $3+1$ dimensions. Numerical solutions of the Friedmann equations show that the effect of the curvature of spacetime increases with increasing temperature, but decreases with increasing dimensionality beyond $D=3$.
Profit and Costs of the Development of Rural Cooperative Economic Organizations
Creators: name: Guo, Huai-Liang
name: Wei, Xin
name: Guo, Huai-Liang
name: Wei, Xin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural cooperative economic organization
subject: Profit and cost. Preferential policy
subject: China

description: Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations, the following conclusions are obtained. The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy. The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government; reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation; applying the agricultural technology and standardization production. Besides, the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardization production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system. In addition, the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy. What’ more, they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs; enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages. The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs, operation costs, restriction costs and cooperation costs. We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment. In the end, the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory, promotion, education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward.
Mechanism Research on Standardized Development of Rural Private Finance
Creators: name: Zuo, Xin-Yang
name: Wang, Gui-Bin
name: Zuo, Xin-Yang
name: Wang, Gui-Bin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Rural private finance
subject: Rural economy
subject: Financial supervision
subject: Standardized development
subject: China

description: In generalizing the researching conditions of researchers on private finance, the paper introduces the connote meaning of rural private finance broadly and narrowly. The paper states the forms of rural private finance (including private loaning, private bank, rural private collecting, financing organizations, cooperatives, NGO, small loaning organizations and so on), the relations between rural private finance and rural economic relations, pointing out that it is the combination of the strong and the weak, which may generate benefits with the operation of marketing mechanisms. The paper analyzes the historic causes, supervision causes and cultural causes of rural private finance, discussing mechanisms of standardized development of rural private finance: firstly, standardize the organization management mechanisms, including scaled controlling mechanisms and bank management mechanisms; secondly, complete finance supervision mechanisms; thirdly, moderate government intervention, including affording liberal policy environment and reducing the improper intervention; fourthly, upgrading qualities mechanisms, including cultivating the rural credit culture and improving the quality of regulatory personnel.
Circuit elements at optical frequencies: nano-inductors, nano-capacitors and nano-resistors
Creators: name: Engheta, Nader
name: Salandrino, Alessandro
name: Alu, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some ideas for synthesizing nanocircuit elements in the optical domain using plasmonic and non-plasmonic nanoparticles. Three basic circuit elements, i.e., nano-inductors, nano-capacitors, and nano-resistors, are discussed in terms of small nanostructures with different material properties. Coupled nanocircuits and parallel and series combinations are also envisioned, which may provide road maps for the synthesis of more complex nanocircuits in the IR and visible bands. Ideas for the optical implementation of right-handed and left-handed nano-transmission lines are also forecasted.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review Letters
The Long-Term Effective Mechanism of Rural Poverty Alleviation in China from the Perspective of Ecological Management
Creators: name: Liang, Jun-Si
name: Liang, Jun-Si
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Ecological management
subject: Rural areas
subject: Sustainable poverty alleviation
subject: Long term mechanism， China

description: Based on the ecological environmental situation of poverty-stricken areas in China and the domestic and foreign research results, the long-term effective mechanism of sustainable poverty alleviation in China is established(the ideological premise is ecological culture, the material base is ecological economy and the basic guarantee is ecological system ) from the perspective of ecological management. To be specific, ecological culture, the ideological premise of rural sustainable poverty alleviation in China, includes two aspects：the first one is upholding the Marxism, passing on the Chinese traditional ecological wisdom and fostering ecological consciousness; the second one is mirroring the thought western modern ecological ethics, emphasizing ecological criticism and redoubling the ecological education. As for ecological economy, the material guarantee for sustainable poverty alleviation in Chinese rural poverty-stricken areas, also contents two aspects. The first one is promoting the way of “clean production” and developing ecological industry; the second one is building ecological concept of consumption and establishing the ecological lifestyle. In addition, ecological system, the basic guarantee of sustainable poverty alleviation in Chinese rural poverty-stricken areas, covers three terms. The first one is implementing the ecological policies and stipulating ecological plan; the second one is establishing perfect ecological legislation and ecological system and intensifying their implementation; the third one is enforcing ecological management in the process of sustainable poverty alleviation. Through the establishment of the above mechanism, we look forward to realizing sustainability of economic development and poverty alleviation effects in the process of poverty alleviation in Chinese rural areas, as well as ecological management of the poverty-stricken areas.
Resonant whistler-electron interactions: MMS observations vs. test-particle simulation
Creators: name: Behar, Etienne
name: Sahraoui, Fouad
name: Bercic, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simultaneous observation of characteristic 3-dimensional (3D) signatures in the electron velocity distribution function (VDF) and intense quasi-monochromatic waves by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft in the terrestrial magnetosheath are investigated. The intense wave packets are characterised and modeled analytically as quasi-parallel circularly-polarized whistler waves and applied to a test-particle simulation in view of gaining insight into the signature of the wave-particle resonances in velocity space. Both the Landau and the cyclotron resonances were evidenced in the test-particle simulations. The location and general shape of the test-particle signatures do account for the observations, but the finer details, such as the symmetry of the observed signatures are not matched, indicating either the limits of the test-particle approach, or a more fundamental physical mechanism not yet grasped. Finally, it is shown that the energisation of the electrons in this precise resonance case cannot be diagnosed using the moments of the distribution function, as done with the classical ${\bf E}.{\bf J}$ "dissipation" estimate.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Gene profiling in enteroviral heart disease
Creators: name: Yanagawa, Bobby
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The application of high-throughput genomical strategies and bioinformatical tools coupled with established molecular techniques allows researchers to gain new insights into the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. In humans, coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is the primary etiological agent of viral myocarditis, an inflammatory disease process involving the heart muscle. Specific therapy is currently unavailable. Viral myocarditis is a complex multiphasic infectious-inflammatory-reparative process. To address this temporal dimensionality, microarrays and non-array-based molecular techniques and histological and functional assays were used to further define enteroviral pathogenesis and its relation to heart failure. A re-analysed cDNA array-based dataset and an Affymetrix GeneChip®- based dataset from the murine heart during acute viremic, inflammatory and reparative stages were mined and compared. Global decreases in expression of metabolic and mitochondrial genes, increases in signalling, matrix and contractile protein genes, and distinctive patterns for genes in other functional groups are described. The transcript and protein profiles of heat shock protein 27, Muscle LIM protein and cathepsin L were confirmed using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. To focus on direct virus and host cell interactions, the transcriptional profile of CVB3-infected HeLa cells was investigated. Notably, increased expression of transcription factor c-fos downstream of extracellular signal-related kinase was found, a pathway our laboratory has previously shown to be important for virus replication and pathogenesis. The in vitro array experiment included a MEKl inhibitor treatment group. Commercial and in-house bioinformatical filtration, cluster analysis and visualization tools were used to determine potential gene targets downstream in the ERK pathway in the setting of CVB3 infection. Marked upregulation of oncogenes, serpins and matrix metalloproteinase genes, among others, were found in infected HeLa cells and in the heart. Together, our animal and cell culture array studies have contributed insight into host responses to enteroviral infections from which new testable hypotheses have been generated.
Different Characteristics of Peasant Issues from the Connections between Peasants and Land
Creators: name: Lin, Yi-Ping
name: Lin, Yi-Ping
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Land
subject: Peasant issues
subject: Characteristics，China

description: The paper analyzes the different characteristics of peasant issues formed by connections between peasants and land at different historical stages, and offers a reference for us to look squarely at peasant issues in the reality. The characteristics of peasant issues with land as the inherent feature are: the degree of connection decides the classification and policies of peasants; the private ownership of land decides the political status and influences of peasants; the inherence of private connections with land determines the future of peasants. The characteristics of peasant issues with land as the core value are: the peasant issues with land as the core is the key to victory of new-democratic revolution; the peasant issues with land as the core is the basis of establishment of socialist system; the characteristics of peasant issues with land as the guarantee are: carriers of peasants interests change from unicity to diversity; peasants change from identity certification to vocational certification; the economic influence of peasants changes and penetrates from part to entirety.
N=4 superconformal mechanics in the pp-wave limit
Creators: name: Bellucci, S.
name: Krivonos, S.
name: Orazi, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We constructed the pp-wave limit of N=4 superconformal mechanics with the off-shell $({\bf 3,4,1})$ multiplet. We present the superfield and the component actions which exhibit the interesting property that the interaction parts are completely fixed by the symmetry. We also explicitly demonstrate that the passing to the pp-wave limit can be achieved by keeping at most quadratic nonlinearities in the action of (super)conformal mechanics.
description: 11 pages. We corrected a misprint in the second pair of Eqs. (3.1)
A Whole Farm Analysis of the Influence of Auto-Steer Navigation on Net Returns, Risk, and Production Practices
Creators: name: Shockley, Jordan M.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Stombaugh, Timothy S.
name: Shockley, Jordan M.
name: Dillon, Carl R.
name: Stombaugh, Timothy S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: economics
subject: farm management
subject: mean-variance
subject: precision agriculture
subject: simulation

description: A whole farm economic analysis was conducted to provide a detailed assessment into the economic, risk, and production implications due to the adoption of auto-steer navigation. It was determined that auto-steer navigation was profitable for a grain farmer in Kentucky with net returns increasing up to 0.90% ($3.35/acre). Additionally, the technology could be used in reducing production risk. Adoption of the technology also alters production practices for optimal use.
Optimal Dynamic Management of Agricultural Land-Uses: An Application of Regime Switching
Creators: name: Doole, Graeme J.
name: Hertzler, Greg
name: Doole, Graeme J.
name: Hertzler, Greg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: crop sequences
subject: land degradation
subject: regime switching

description: The capacity of global agricultural production to meet increased demand for food from population growth and wealth accumulation is threatened by extensive land degradation. Nonetheless, previous research has focused primarily on the dynamic implications of input management and ignored land-use choice. This paper extends this theory through an examination of the intertemporal management of agricultural land through the use of non-crop inputs, such as fertilizer, and land uses that either degrade or restore productivity. The need to consider the relative total asset value of alternative crops over time is demonstrated. Moreover, higher output prices for degrading crops are shown to increase their relative value, motivating the later adoption of substitutes. An inability of land markets to reflect differences in resource quality and low capital malleability promote greater degradation. However, substitution of complementary effects through input use may help to sustain productivity. These factors are discussed in the context of crop sequence management in Western Australian cropping systems.
Incorporating density jumps and species-conserving dynamics in XPFC binary alloys
Creators: name: Frick, Matthew J.
name: Ofori-Opoku, Nana
name: Provatas, Nikolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work presents a consistent formulation of the structural phase-field-crystal model of substitutional binary alloys that allows for the description phases of unequal densities, a key feature in solidification. We further develop the dynamics of the model to be consistent with conserved Langevine dynamics in the true governing species densities. Additionally, this work expands on the ability to control pressure, so far only implemented in pure materials, to binary alloys by improving the control system that controls pressure from previous work. We study the equilibrium properties of the new model, and demonstrate that control of pressure can drive various kinematic microscopic processes in materials such as grain boundary pre-melting, phase instability, and grain or inter-phase boundary motion.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Detection of Noble Gas Scintillation Light with Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs)
Creators: name: Chandrasekharan, R.
name: Messina, M.
name: Rubbia, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large Area Avalanche Photodiodes (LAAPDs) were used for a series of systematic measurements of the scintillation light in Ar, Kr, and Xe gas. Absolute quantum efficiencies are derived. Values for Xe and Kr are consistent with those given by the manufacturer. For the first time we show that argon scintillation (128 nm) can be detected at a quantum efficiency above 40%. Low-pressure argon gas is shown to emit significant amounts of non-UV radiation. The average energy expenditure for the creation of non-UV photons in argon gas at this pressure is measured to be below 378 eV.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
U.S. Consumers’ Valuation of Quality Attributes in Beef Products
Creators: name: Abidoye, Babatunde O.
name: Bulut, Harun
name: Lawrence, John D.
name: Mennecke, Brian
name: Townsend, Anthony M.
name: Abidoye, Babatunde O.
name: Bulut, Harun
name: Lawrence, John D.
name: Mennecke, Brian
name: Townsend, Anthony M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: choice experiment
subject: conjoint analysis
subject: quality attributes
subject: random parameters

description: A sample of U.S. consumers were surveyed in a choice based experiment in the Fall of 2005 and Spring 2006 to elicit consumers’ preferences for quality attributes in beef products. Based on the resulting data, a random coefficients logit model is estimated, and consumers’ willingness to pay for these quality attributes in beef products is obtained. The results indicate that consumers have strong valuation for traceability, grass-fed, and U.S. origin attributes in a standard rib-eye steak and are willing to pay a premium for these attributes.
Location Choice Behavior of Gulf of Mexico Shrimpers under Dynamic Economic Conditions
Creators: name: Ran, Tao
name: Keithly, Walter R.
name: Kazmierczak, Richard F.
name: Ran, Tao
name: Keithly, Walter R.
name: Kazmierczak, Richard F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: location choice
subject: loyalty
subject: mixed Logit
subject: risk averse
subject: shrimp fishery

description: This study uses a mixed logit model to analyze monetary and nonmonetary factors that influence location choice behavior of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico shrimpers. Shrimpers’ responses to economic conditions are compared and contrasted for two periods related to changing economic conditions in the industry. Results show that even though shrimpers are generally revenue driven in choosing a fishing site, their past experience also plays an important role. Further, changes in economic conditions appear to exhibit an influence on the risk attitudes of some shrimpers.
Rational Function Framework to Integrate Tableting Reduced Order Models With Upstream Unit Operations
Creators: name: Bachawala, Sunidhi
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400406
subject: Powder and particle technology

description: We present a systematic approach for integrating reduced-order models of tableting with upstream pharmaceutical unit operations. This method identifies critical material attributes (CMAs) and process parameters (CPPs) from upstream operations, describing their coupling to both first and second orders, while selecting the appropriate mathematical forms and estimating parameters. The coupling is modeled using normalized bivariate rational functions.The approach is demonstrated for dry granulation, a process that enhances powder flowability but compromises tabletability by reducing particle porosity and increasing plastic work. Using a formulation of 10\% w/w acetaminophen and 90\% w/w microcrystalline cellulose, granules with varying densities and size distributions are produced, and tablets of different relative densities are fabricated. This work provides essential insights for end-to-end process integration, control, and optimization of dry granulation and tableting. It also identifies granule properties that predominantly influence the four stages of powder compaction: die filling, compaction, unloading, and ejection.Furthermore, we examine the effects of excipients such as lubricants (magnesium stearate) and glidants (silica) on tablet critical quality attributes (CQAs) in continuous manufacturing. Lubricants were found to affect all compaction stages, with sensitivity to mixing time, while glidants influenced bulk density and tensile strength without significantly impacting tablet density or compaction force. Reduced-order models are developed to predict tablet weight, density, and tensile strength based on excipient concentration and mixing time. These models are integral to implementing real-time control under the quality-by-control paradigm.
Peano High Impedance Surfaces
Creators: name: McVay, John
name: Hoorfar, Ahmad
name: Engheta, Nader
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Following our previous work on metamaterial high-impedance surfaces made of Hilbert curve inclusions, here we theoretically explore the performance of the high-impedance surfaces made of another form of space-filling curve known as the Peano curve. This metamaterial surface, formed by a 2-D periodic arrangement of Peano curve inclusions, is located above a conducting ground plane and is shown to exhibit a high surface impedance surface at certain specific frequencies. Our numerical study reveals the effect of the iteration order of the Peano curve, the surface height above the conducting ground plane and the separation distance between adjacent inclusions.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Radio Science
Food Price Volatility and Macroeconomic Factors: Evidence from GARCH and GARCH-X Estimates
Creators: name: Apergis, Nicholas
name: Rezitis, Anthony N.
name: Apergis, Nicholas
name: Rezitis, Anthony N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: relative food prices
subject: volatility
subject: macroeconomic factors
subject: GARCH and GARCHX models

description: This article examines food price volatility in Greece and how it is affected by short-run deviations between food prices and macroeconomic factors. The methodology follows the GARCH and GARCH-X models. The results show that there exists a positive effect between the deviations and food price volatility. The results are highly important for producers and consumers because higher volatility augments the uncertainty in the food markets. Once the participants receive a signal that the food market is volatile, this might lead them to ask for increased government intervention in the allocation of investment resources and this could reduce overall welfare.
Joint Distribution and Transitions of Pain and Activity in Critically Ill Patients
Creators: name: Demrozi, Florenc
name: Pravadelli, Graziano
name: Tighe, Patrick J
name: Bihorac, Azra
name: Rashidi, Parisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pain and physical function are both essential indices of recovery in critically ill patients in the Intensive Care Units (ICU). Simultaneous monitoring of pain intensity and patient activity can be important for determining which analgesic interventions can optimize mobility and function, while minimizing opioid harm. Nonetheless, so far, our knowledge of the relation between pain and activity has been limited to manual and sporadic activity assessments. In recent years, wearable devices equipped with 3-axis accelerometers have been used in many domains to provide a continuous and automated measure of mobility and physical activity. In this study, we collected activity intensity data from 57 ICU patients, using the Actigraph GT3X device. We also collected relevant clinical information, including nurse assessments of pain intensity, recorded every 1-4 hours. Our results show the joint distribution and state transition of joint activity and pain states in critically ill patients.
description: Accepted for Publication in EMBC 2020
Far-Ultraviolet Surveys of Globular Clusters: Hunting for the Products of Stellar Collisions and Near Misses
Creators: name: Knigge, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters are gravitationally bound stellar systems containing on the order of 100,000 stars. Due to the high stellar densities in the cores of these clusters, close encounters and even physical collisions between stars are inevitable. These dynamical interactions can produce exotic types of single and binary stars that are extremely rare in the galactic field, but which may be important to the dynamical evolution of their host clusters. A common feature of these dynamically-formed stellar populations is that many of their members are relatively hot, and thus bright in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) waveband. In this short review, I describe how space-based FUV observations are being used to find and study these populations.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; invited "Brief Review" for Modern Physics Letters A
The Genetic and Economic Impact of the University of Arkansas’s Rice Breeding Program: 1983–2007
Creators: name: Nalley, Lawton Lanier
name: Moldenhauer, Karen A.
name: Lyman, Nathaniel
name: Nalley, Lawton Lanier
name: Moldenhauer, Karen A.
name: Lyman, Nathaniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: economic impact of technological change
subject: Just and Pope
subject: public rice breeding

description: This study estimates the proportion of rice yield increase in University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture’s (UofA) released rice cultivars that are attributable to genetic improvements through the University’s breeding program. Test plot data from eight UofA experiment stations were used to quantify the yield increases and potential yield growth decreases over time. In addition to quantifying the yield and yield variance evolution at the UofA, this study also calculates the economic benefits of the UofA rice breeding program. Results indicated that by releasing modern rice cultivars, the UofA rice breeding program increased average producer yield by 0.68 bu/ac annually. During the last decade, 1997–2007, the average annual economic benefits were 34.3 million (2007) dollars. When accounting for the spillover of UofA rice varieties to neighboring states the average annual economic benefit of the breeding program increases to 46.7 million (2007) dollars.